bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dhx15 regulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis through the unfolded protein response pathway
Authors: Cai Yuanhua , Wang Jing , Jin Daqing , Liu Qiao , Chen Xianglei , Pan Lili , Li Yang , Wang Xuechun , Qian Feng , Wang Jiucun , Zhong Tao Peter , Wang Shaoyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGene alterations are recognized as important events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. Studies on hematopoiesis of altered genes contribute to a better understanding on their roles in AML progression. Our previous work reported a DEAH box helicase 15 (DHX15) R222G mutation in AML patients, and we showed DHX15 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. In this work, we further study the role of dhx15 in zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis by generating dhx15−/− zebrafish using transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis showed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were dramatically perturbed when dhx15 was deleted. Immunofluorescence staining indicated inhibited hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation instead of accelerated apoptosis were detected in dhx15−/− zebrafish. Furthermore, our data showed that HSPC defect is mediated through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. DHX15 R222G mutation, a recurrent mutation identified in AML patients, displayed a compromised function in restoring HSPC failure in dhx15−/−; Tg (hsp: DHX15 R222G) zebrafish. Collectively, this work revealed a vital role of dhx15 in the maintenance of definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish through the unfolded protein respone pathway. The study of DHX15 and DHX15 R222G mutation could hold clinical significance for evaluating prognosis of AML patients with aberrant DHX15 expression.
Social inequality in incidence and mortality of malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx: Is Costa Rica an international paradox?
Authors: Barboza Solís Cristina , Reyes‐Carmona Jessie , Fantin Romain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesLow socioeconomic position (SEP) has been associated with higher incidences and mortality of lip, oral cavity and pharynx (LOP) cancers in the vast majority of countries with available data. The origins of health inequalities in cancer are socioeconomic, although they vary by time and country. Evidence from Low‐and Middle‐income Countries (LMICs) remains scarce. This study aims to identify and describe socioeconomic inequalities in LOP cancers incidence and mortality in Costa Rica. The hypothesis tested is that people leaving in low‐SEP districts in Costa Rica have greater incidence and mortality rates of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancers.MethodsThe 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) was used to define cancer sites. Data come from a national population‐based Cancer Registry with 100% completeness to study incidence. Incidence rate included all new cases of LOP cancer diagnosed from January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, for a total of 2 798 517 individuals, 13 832 524 years of follow‐up and 601 LOP cases. Mortality rate was extracted from the National Death Index, including 2 739 733 individuals, 23 950 240 person‐years of follow‐up and 586 LOP cancer deaths, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. The 2011 Census (with 94% of Costa Rican inhabitants) was used to characterize the urbanicity and wealth of 477 districts. Survival models were performed for both incidence and mortality, allowing to consider existing competitive risks. Cox models were used for incidence, and parametric survival models based on a Gompertz distribution for mortality.ResultsThe study found that people who lived in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower probabilities of developing LOP cancers than people in the richest districts. The same pattern for mortality, however, was not significant.ConclusionsThe hypothesis that incidence and mortality of LOP cancers will show a positive social gradient was not confirmed in this study, contradicting the existing literature. This could be explained by the social distribution of risky health behaviours, more frequent in socially advantaged populations.
Incidence rates of occupational contact dermatitis in Denmark between 2007 and 2018: A population‐based study
Authors: Dietz Jojo B. , Menné Torkil , Meyer Harald W. , Viskum Sven , Flyvholm Mari‐Ann , Ahrensbøll‐Friis Ulrik , John Swen M. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent population‐based studies on the incidence rates (IRs) of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) are sparse.ObjectivesTo determine the IRs of OCD and development thereof between 2007 and 2018 in known risk occupations.MethodsData on all recognized cases of OCD were used to calculate IRs as the number of recognized OCD cases per 10 000 workers per year. Asymptotic chi‐square test was used to compare the IRs between 2007‐2012 and 2013‐2018.ResultsThe median age at notification of OCD was below 30 years for several of the examined occupations. Hairdressers and beauticians, bakers, dentists and dental assistants, and manufacturing of windmills had the highest overall IRs of OCD. We found a statistically significant increase in the IRs of OCD for child/nursery care workers.ConclusionsThe median age at notification of OCD was low for several of the occupations, signifying the need for further preventive strategies among young people. Based on the IRs of OCD, future preventive efforts should be directed at hairdressers and beauticians, bakers, dentists and dental assistants, and manufacturing of windmills. Furthermore, the statistically significant increase in IRs of OCD among child/nursery care workers highlights the need for further preventive strategies in this field.
Aligning actions with objectives in endangered species recovery plans
Authors: Weiss Katherine C. B. , Iacona Gwenllian D. , Tuñas Corzón Álex , Davis Olivia N. , Kemppinen Krista , Surrey Katie C. , Gerber Leah R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo achieve conservation objectives for threatened and endangered species, managers must choose among potential recovery actions based on their efficacy. Yet, a lack of standardization in defining how conservation actions support recovery objectives can impede action efficacy and inhibit the efficient allocation of resources across species and projects. It is especially difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of actions in U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) recovery plans due to variation in how actions are described across different plans. To address this issue, we examined our ability to apply the internationally supported Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP) taxonomy to categorize existing ESA recovery plan action descriptions. Using ESA listed species in Arizona as a case study, we tested the feasibility of assigning CMP taxonomy categories to actions detailed in current recovery plans, and then used our assigned categories to assess the distribution of action categories. Pairs of researchers categorized and then compared levels of agreement between categories of recovery actions for 840 actions across 31 active recovery plans. Paired categorizations diverged for many of these actions, though confidence in action description assignments among pairs was highest in categorizing Research and Monitoring actions, which represented, on average, 53% (SD 0.9%) of actions with researcher agreement, and, on average, 42% (SD 0.08%) of classification among individual researchers. These results suggests that categorizable action descriptions most often correspond with Research and Monitoring objectives, and that other categories of actions required to delist species may be underrepresented in ESA recovery plans. We provide recommendations to support the application of the CMP taxonomy to current and future ESA recovery action descriptions using existing processes within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our recommendations provide a roadmap for standardizing the description of recovery actions to improve decision‐support for ESA‐listed species.
Valganciclovir prophylaxis extension from 3 to 6 months in high‐risk pancreas‐transplant recipients does not impact incidence of cytomegalovirus infection at 12 months
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Marka Nicholas , Leverson Glen E. , Smith Jeannina A. , Odorico Jon S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemIncidence and impact of CMV infection in pancreas‐transplant recipients (PTRs) in the valganciclovir prophylaxis era has not been completely elucidated.MethodsAdult D+/R‐ PTRs were divided into a current era (1/1/2011‐12/31/17; 6‐month PPX) and a historic era (1/1/2003‐12/31/09; 3‐month PPX). Primary objective: effect of prophylaxis extension on the incidence of CMV infection. Secondary objective: impact of extension on valganciclovir‐related toxicity (leukopenia) and transplant outcomes.ResultsThere were 177 D+/R‐ PTRs in the study period (historic:98, current:79). Prophylaxis extension resulted in significant reduction of CMV infection from 25.4% to 10.9% at 6 months, (57% reduction, p = .021). However, 1‐year rates of CMV infection (historic:31% vs current:36%) and end‐organ disease (historic:7.7% vs current:6.9%) were not different (p = .93). Prophylaxis extension significantly increased leukopenia (white blood cell count<3 K/uL) at 6 months (historic:9.5% vs current:28.6%, p = .018). On multivariable analysis prophylaxis extension was not associated with reduced rates of CMV infection (p = .99) or CMV end‐organ disease (p = .3). Additionally, there was no significant difference in rejection (p = .2), graft survival (p = .08), death‐censored graft survival(p = .07) or patient survival (p = .6).ConclusionsProphylaxis extension in D+/R‐ PTRs appears to delay time to first CMV but not reduce overall incidence. These findings suggest a hybrid approach, incorporating antiviral withdrawal and protocolized monitoring, may be needed to improve CMV‐related outcomes.
Pharmacokinetically guided dosing of oral sorafenib in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma: A simulation study
Authors: Panetta John C. , Campagne Olivia , Gartrell Jessica , Furman Wayne , Stewart Clinton F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSorafenib improves outcomes in adult hepatocellular carcinoma; however, hand foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a dose limiting toxicity of sorafenib that limits its use. HFSR has been associated with sorafenib systemic exposure. The objective of this study was to use modeling and simulation to determine whether using pharmacokinetically guided dosing to achieve a predefined sorafenib target range could reduce the rate of HFSR. Sorafenib steady‐state exposures (area under the concentration curve from 0 to 12‐h [AUC0–>12 h]) were simulated using published sorafenib pharmacokinetics at either a fixed dosage (90 mg/m2/dose) or a pharmacokinetically guided dose targeting an AUC0–>12 h between 20 and 55 h µg/ml. Dosages were either rounded to the nearest quarter of a tablet (50 mg) or capsule (10 mg). A Cox proportional hazard model from a previously published study was used to quantify HFSR toxicity. Simulations showed that in‐target studies increased from 50% using fixed doses with tablets to 74% using pharmacokinetically guided dosing with capsules. The power to observe at least 4 of 6 patients in the target range increased from 33% using fixed dosing with tablets to 80% using pharmacokinetically guided with capsules. The expected HFSR toxicity rate decreased from 22% using fixed doses with tablets to 16% using pharmacokinetically guided dosing with capsules. The power to observe less than 6 of 24 studies with HFSR toxicity increased from 51% using fixed dosing with tablets to 88% using pharmacokinetically guided with capsules. Our simulations provide the rationale to use pharmacokinetically guided sorafenib dosing to maintain effective exposures that potentially improve tolerability in pediatric clinical trials.
From Global to Local Tea Markets: The Changing Political Economy of Tea Production within India's Domestic Value Chain
Authors: Langford Natalie J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe growth of emerging economies has led to a significant expansion of domestic markets in the global South. Yet, the vast majority of studies examining contemporary patterns of trade and production continue to use a global value chain (GVC) lens, therefore obfuscating important spatial and temporal shifts occurring within domestic geographies of production in the early decades of the 21st century. This article explores how a rapid increase in domestic consumption in the case of Indian tea production has transformed the industry, and how institutional and regulatory actors have responded to these changes. Using a value chain framework to explore the key actors and processes shaping the political economy of domestic production, this article identifies three processes which have driven the creation of new trade and production structures within India's domestic tea market: a significant rise in the outsourcing and fragmentation of the production process; the expansion of smallholder‐led production; and the introduction of private standards and governance programmes within the domestically oriented segment of production. These trends have important implications for the tea industry and shed light on how domestic markets in the global South are being transformed under 21st century geographies of trade and consumption.
Training, productivity and wages: An investigation of China's manufacturing enterprises in a privatization era
Authors: Huang Qifan , Zhuang Castiel Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe estimated a structural model of production and wage determination in which labour quality can be affected by a firm's training decision using data of China's manufacturing enterprises in an era of privatization (2004–2007). Training increased both productivity and wages, but the former increased more, which explained the voluntary provision of on‐the‐job training. Our results also indicate that state‐controlled enterprises' investment in training could be both privately and socially efficient; unions played a role in promoting training; it might be more privately and socially efficient for manufacturing firms to prioritize training resources to lower‐educated, female and junior workers, if they had not done so, during privatization.
No water, no eggs: insights from a warming outdoor mesocosm experiment
Authors: Maurya Rupesh , Swamy Krishna B. S. , Loeschcke Volker , Rajpurohit Subhash 
Published: June 2021

1. Insects are susceptible to dehydration, and change in atmospheric humidity could affect their fitness. To understand the impacts of humidity changes on insect's reproductive fitness, we released an outcrossedDrosophila melanogasterpopulation to outdoor mesocosm units (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 m in dimension) and tracked their fecundity over 90 days under progressively developing summer season. The study was carried out in a tropical urban garden.2. The experimental design included tracking an out‐crossedD.melanogasterpopulation over 90 days in two sets of cages. One set of population was kept under outdoor conditions. The second set was maintained under laboratory conditions where only temperature was controlled. For 90 days, data on daily egg laying were collected for both indoor and outdoor cages. This design helped us to see temperature and humidity impact on reproductive output both in combination and separately.3. Often temperature has been found to be the key player in changes in reproductive output in a considerable number of laboratory‐based studies. Our work suggested that ‘temperature‐humidity’ interactions determine the physiological state of an organism which could untimely impact organismal fitness in a given environmental set‐up. This work indicated that under natural conditions fecundity inDrosophilapopulations was significantly influenced by relative humidity and its interaction with temperature.4. Our results suggested that while temperature was an important parameter for fecundity, relative humidity individually and in combination with temperature also played an important role inDrosophilareproductive output. Thus, the combination of temperature and relative humidity was a better metric to predict the fecundity inDrosophilapopulations than considering these parameters individually under natural conditions. It clearly indicated that future warming events could drastically impact insects' reproductive output.
The association between cardiovascular risk burden and cognitive function amongst the old: a 9‐year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Wang Hualou , Chen Chong , Xiong Ying , Zhu Liping , Jia Jingya , Yang Tong , Ma Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCardiovascular risk burden in midlife has been linked to cognitive decline in later life, but whether this association still exists in older cohorts is unclear.MethodsThe association between the cardiovascular risk score and cognitive function was investigated using 9‐year follow‐up data. The risk score algorithms were from the Chinese guidelines on the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults (2016 revised), which were assessed at baseline and categorized into tertiles (low, middle and high). Full intelligence quotient (FIQ), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) were assessed at follow‐ups with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Chinese, revised (WAIS‐RC). Data were analyzed using the linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsA total of 924 participants (mean age 78.06 ± 7.58 years) were included in our study. In all participants, the risk score ranged from 0.02 to 0.55 (mean score 0.16 ± 0.08). Compared with the low tertile, a higher risk score was associated with lower FIQ (β −0.094, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.181, −0.007) and VIQ (β –0.100; 95% CI −0.192, −0.007) at the follow‐up. There is a more significant association between higher risk score and lower FIQ amongst females (β –0.263; 95% CI −0.462, −0.065) and VIQ (β −0.268; 95% CI −0.478, −0.057).ConclusionsA higher cardiovascular risk score was associated with lower FIQ and VIQ. Higher cardiovascular risk burden increased the risk of cognition impairment and accelerated its progression over time. This study has implications for early detection of cognition impairment.
More than cost‐effectiveness? Applying a second‐stage filter to improve policy decision making
Authors: Kan Kaying , Jörg Frederike , Lokkerbol Joran , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Buskens Erik , Schoevers Robert A. , Feenstra Talitha L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundApart from cost‐effectiveness, considerations like equity and acceptability may affect health‐care priority setting. Preferably, priority setting combines evidence evaluation with an appraisal procedure, to elicit and weigh these considerations.ObjectiveTo demonstrate a structured approach for eliciting and evaluating a broad range of assessment criteria, including key stakeholders’ values, aiming to support decision makers in priority setting.MethodsFor a set of cost‐effective substitute interventions for depression care, the appraisal criteria were adopted from the Australian Assessing Cost‐Effectiveness initiative. All substitute interventions were assessed in an appraisal, using focus group discussions and semi‐structured interviews conducted among key stakeholders.ResultsAppraisal of the substitute cost‐effective interventions yielded an overview of considerations and an overall recommendation for decision makers. Two out of the thirteen pairs were deemed acceptable and realistic, that is investment in therapist‐guided and Internet‐based cognitive behavioural therapy instead of cognitive behavioural therapy in mild depression, and investment in combination therapy rather than individual psychotherapy in severe depression. In the remaining substitution pairs, substantive issues affected acceptability. The key issues identified were as follows: workforce capacity, lack of stakeholder support and the need for change in clinicians’ attitude.ConclusionsSystematic identification of stakeholders’ considerations allows decision makers to prioritize among cost‐effective policy options. Moreover, this approach entails an explicit and transparent priority‐setting procedure and provides insights into the intended and unintended consequences of using a certain health technology.Patient contributionPatients were involved in the conduct of the study for instance, by sharing their values regarding considerations relevant for priority setting.
Relationship of polypharmacy to HIV RNA suppression in people aged ≥ 50 years living with HIV
Authors: Murray MM , Lin J , Buros Stein A , Wilcox ML , Cottreau J , Postelnick M , Palella FJ 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥ 50 years face unique challenges regarding their medication therapies, especially antiretroviral therapy (ART). Use of ARTs, along with medications for comorbidities, may lead to adverse events, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and poor adherence. The objective of this study was to identify the number of medications above which PLWH aged ≥ 50 years are less likely to be virally suppressed and to describe other associated patient‐specific risk factors.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of PLWH aged ≥ 50 years, prescribed ART, and seen at least once in the Northwestern Infectious Disease Center between 1 June 2013 and 31 May 2015. Variables concerning medication use and comorbidities were collected. The primary outcome was the presence of an undetectable plasma HIV RNA level (viral load).ResultsAmong the 621 included patients, there was a higher percentage taking ≤ 15 medications with an undetectable plasma HIV RNA (n = 453; 80.6%) vs. patients taking > 15 medications (n = 40; 67.8%; P = 0.03). Taking > 15 medications [odds ratio (OR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26–0.96], pulmonary disease (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.3–0.97) and CD4 T‐lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22–0.68) decreased the odds of having an undetectable plasma HIV RNA.ConclusionsPLWH taking > 15 medications were less likely to have an undetectable HIV RNA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of overall medication economic burden on clinical outcomes among PLWH ≥ 50 years of age.
Improving the shelf life stability of vacuum‐packed fresh‐cut peaches (Prunus persica L.) by radio frequency heating in water
Authors: Lara Grace , Takahashi Chieko , Nagaya Miku , Uemura Kunihiko 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe present study aimed to investigate the influence of radio frequency (RF) heating at 70 and 80 °C, in comparison with the traditional conventional heating. The RF heating technology was applied for maintaining the colour and textural quality as well as inactivating the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and reducing the Escherichia coli growth in packaged fresh‐cut peach samples. To evaluate this, 120 g of freshly cut peach fruit was placed in heat‐resistant plastic bags, and 50 mL of sugar solution (12°Brix) was added to each bag and vacuum‐packed for conventional heating and radio frequency (RF) heating. Our results demonstrated that the RF heating process could reduce the heating time by up to 83% at 70 and 80 °C as compared to conventional heating. Moreover, RF heating at 70 and 80 °C reduced the PPO enzymatic activity, which caused enzymatic browning, up to 85.46% and 93.5%, respectively, as compared to 40.86% reduction only for conventional heating. Furthermore, RF heating completely inhibited E. coli growth. Collectively, we demonstrated that RF heating is an emerging and promising technology for improving the quality of fresh‐cut fruits such as peach during various storage conditions. The present study provides relatively novel information on the effectiveness of RF heating in maintaining the quality of fresh‐cut peaches. In the future, we would like to investigate the effectiveness of RF heating on other agricultural products.