bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Tunicate Swarm Algorithm Based MPPT Control Strategy for Multiple Configurations of PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Mansoor Majad , Mirza Adeel Feroz , Long Fei , Ling Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar energy is the most techno‐economically viable renewable source of energy and can be effectively converted into electrical power by Photovoltaic (PV) systems. As partial shading (PS) may reduce the harvested energy of PV systems, this paper proposes a novel tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) based MPPT (maximum power point tracking) strategy to tackle the PS issue. More specifically, the simple and effective modeling of TSA with a search and skipping (SAS) scheme is utilized to minimize the tracking time and search area. The SAS scheme can discard the voltage range lacking global maximum power point (GMPP) and significantly reduce computation time. Consequently, power tracking, tracking time, and robustness can be greatly enhanced. The performance of the proposed TSA strategy is comprehensively analyzed against state‐of‐the‐art techniques, including incremental conductance (InC), improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), through detailed case studies, which include standard array configurations, PS conditions, varying irradiance patterns, fast‐changing temperature, and the field atmospheric data. TSA is further validated on a low‐cost hardware setup, confirming its superior performance. The results provide insightful validation of the practicality of the proposed TSA strategy in the real‐world applications.
Hemagglutinin Nanoparticulate Vaccine with Controlled Photochemical Immunomodulation for Pathogenic Influenza‐Specific Immunity
Authors: Jeong Hayoon , Lee Chung‐Sung , Lee Jangsu , Lee Jonghwan , Hwang Hee Sook , Lee Min , Na Kun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, viral infectious diseases, including COVID‐19 and Influenza, are the subjects of major concerns worldwide. One strategy for addressing these concerns focuses on nasal vaccines, which have great potential for achieving successful immunization via safe, easy, and affordable approaches. However, conventional nasal vaccines have major limitations resulting from fast removal when pass through nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance hindering their effectiveness. Herein a nanoparticulate vaccine (NanoVac) exhibiting photochemical immunomodulation and constituting a new self‐assembled immunization system of a photoactivatable polymeric adjuvant with influenza virus hemagglutinin for efficient nasal delivery and antigen‐specific immunity against pathogenic influenza viruses is described. NanoVac increases the residence period of antigens and further enhances by spatiotemporal photochemical modulation in the nasal cavity. As a consequence, photochemical immunomodulation of NanoVacs successfully induces humoral and cellular immune responses followed by stimulation of mature dendritic cells, plasma cells, memory B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in secretion of antigen‐specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, and CD8+ T cells. Notably, challenge with influenza virus after nasal immunization with NanoVacs demonstrates robust prevention of viral infection. Thus, this newly designed vaccine system can serve as a promising strategy for developing vaccines that are active against current hazardous pathogen outbreaks and pandemics.
Schottky Heterojunction Nanosheet Array Achieving High‐Current‐Density Oxygen Evolution for Industrial Water Splitting Electrolyzers
Authors: Wen Qunlei , Yang Ke , Huang Danji , Cheng Gao , Ai Xiaomeng , Liu Youwen , Fang Jiakun , Li Huiqiao , Yu Lin , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVersatile catalyst systems with large current density under industrial conditions are pivotal to give impetus to hydrogen energy from fundamental to practical applications. Herein, a Schottky heterojunction nanosheet array composed of dispersed NiFe hydroxide nanoparticles and ultrathin NiS nanosheets (NiFe LDH/NiS) is proposed to regulate cooperatively mass transport and electronic structure for triggering oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity at high current. In catalytic systems, the rich porosity of the NiS nanosheet array contributes abundant catalytic sites and good infiltration of the electrolyte for fast mass transfer. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal the coupling of NiFe LDH onto the NiS could tune the d‐band center of Ni(Fe) atoms and the binding strength of oxygen intermediates for favorable OER kinetics. Therefore, the NiFe LDH/NiS Schottky heterojunction exhibits a remarkable OER activity, delivering a current density of 1000 mA cm–2 at the ultralow overpotential of 325 mV. Meanwhile, scaled‐up NiFe LDH/NiS electrodes are implemented in an industrial water splitting electrolyzer and exhibit a stable cell voltage of 2.01 V to deliver a constant catalytic current of 8000 mA over 80 h, saving 0.215 kWh of electricity to generate more hydrogen per cubic meter than commercial Raney Ni electrodes.
Synthesis, XRD and Mechanistic Studies of α‐Aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy Ketones: An Oxidative 1,2‐Aryl Migration in α,β‐Unsaturated Diaryl Ketones Under Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Parkash Jai , Kamal Raj , Kumar Vipan , Saini Sangeeta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe given study investigates and validates [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB) mediated oxidative 1,2‐aryl C−C migration in variegated α,β‐unsaturated diaryl ketones. This oxidative‐skeletal rearrangement ultimately outgrowth to α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketones in presence of CH2Cl2. The structure of products has been very well established using various spectral techniques 1H &13C‐NMR, IR and single crystal XRD. The generality of fascinating 1,2‐aryl C−C migration was thoroughly investigated and verified by electronic (EDG/EWG) and steric factors on different derivatives of α,β‐unsaturated diaryl ketones. Mechanism of 1,2‐aryl C−C migration has also been supported by computational studies using B3LYP‐D3 level of theory. Aesthetically this novel and unique three carbon component would expose a direct and conceptually robust strategy to access regioselective synthesis of 4,5‐diaryl isoxazoles, 4,5‐diaryl pyrazoles and 1,4,5‐triaryl pyrazoles and also efficient access to desoxybenzoin and other important β,β‐difunctionalized chemical entities.
The role of spatial ability in mixed reality learning with the HoloLens
Authors: Ho Simon , Liu Pu , Palombo Daniela J. , Handy Todd C. , Krebs Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of mixed reality in science education has been increasing and as such it has become more important to understand how information is learned in these virtual environments. Spatial ability is important in many learning contexts, but especially in neuroanatomy education where learning the locations and spatial relationships between brain regions is paramount. It is currently unclear what role spatial ability plays in mixed reality learning environments, and whether it is different compared to traditional physical environments. To test this, a learning experiment was conducted where students learned neuroanatomy using both mixed reality and a physical plastic model of a brain (N = 27). Spatial ability was assessed and analyzed to determine its effect on performance across the two learning modalities. The results showed that spatial ability facilitated learning in mixed reality (β = 0.21, P = 0.003), but not when using a plastic model (β = 0.08, P = 0.318). A non‐significant difference was observed between the modalities in terms of knowledge test performance (d = 0.39, P = 0.052); however, mixed reality was more engaging (d = 0.59, P = 0.005) and learners were more confident in the information they learned compared to using a physical model (d = 0.56, P = 0.007). Overall, these findings suggest that spatial ability is more relevant in virtual learning environments, where the ability to manipulate and interact with an object is diminished or abstracted through a virtual user interface.
Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma may ensure better prognosis: A case series
Authors: Bramati Chiara , Abati Silvio , Bondi Stefano , Lissoni Alessandra , Arrigoni Gianluigi , Filipello Federica , Trimarchi Matteo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely malignant tumour: in order to reduce mortality and morbidity, early diagnosis and treatment is the clinician's best weapon.
A way forward towards a technology‐driven development of industry 4.0 using big data analytics in 5G‐enabled IIoT
Authors: Atharvan Gannu , Koolikkara Madom Krishnamoorthy Sreelakshmi , Dua Amit , Gupta Shashank 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT is one the widely applied areas to facilitate people in the manufacturing world. The adoption of IIoT automates sensing, capturing, communicating, and processing in real time. To understand how rapidly IoT and IIoT are growing, this article examines the emergence of 5G‐enabled IIoT, current research trends in IIoT, key milestones achieved in IIoT, and IoT applications specific to 5G‐enabled IIoT. The paper presents the state‐of‐the‐art in networking layered framework of IIoT and comparing relationships of technologies of cloud computing as well as edge computing paradigms. We also explored the type of security attacks and their preventive measures in an IIoT‐driven 5G technology. We have also highlighted the revolution of IIoT‐driven 5G framework which satisfies the demands of IIoT applications.
Morphometric study and sexual dimorphism analyses in an Iranian population of Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionidae)
Authors: Soltan‐Alinejad Parisa , Parsaei Saman , Dianat Ali , Nikbakhtazadeh Mahmood , Azizi Kourosh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNatural selection and sexual selection are cardinal factors in shaping the body of animals such as scorpions. Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) has a worldwide distribution. Sexual dimorphism has been reported from this species in a study in Egypt. Morphometry is used to determine the sexual dimorphism between the two sexes. In the current study, scorpions were collected from six locations of the southern and northern provinces of Fars, Iran. In this study, 53 morphological characters of 15 specimens of each sex of Scorpio maurus were studied based on statistical analyses; however, dimorphism was only observed in 21 morphological characters, including chelicerae and carapace length, pedipalp characters, width of the second segment of metasoma, telson and pectin length, number of left pectin teeth, and some of the leg's segments. It means that these characters are in the control of sexual and natural selection. This study was performed for the first time on Scorpio maurus species in Iran.
Patterns of infection, origins, and transmission of ranaviruses among the ectothermic vertebrates of Asia
Authors: Herath Jayampathi , Ellepola Gajaba , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRanaviral infections, a malady of ectothermic vertebrates, are becoming frequent, severe, and widespread, causing mortality among both wild and cultured species, raising odds of species extinctions and economic losses. This increase in infection is possibly due to the broad host range of ranaviruses and the transmission of these pathogens through regional and international trade in Asia, where outbreaks have been increasingly reported over the past decade. Here, we focus attention on the origins, means of transmission, and patterns of spread of this infection within the region. Infections have been recorded in both cultured and wild populations in at least nine countries/administrative regions, together with mass die‐offs in some regions. Despite the imminent seriousness of the disease in Asia, surveillance efforts are still incipient. Some of the viral strains within Asia may transmit across host–taxon barriers, posing a significant risk to native species. Factors such as rising temperatures due to global climate change seem to exacerbate ranaviral activity, as most known outbreaks have been recorded during summer; however, data are still inadequate to verify this pattern for Asia. Import risk analysis, using protocols such as Pandora+, pre‐border pathogen screening, and effective biosecurity measures, can be used to mitigate introduction of ranaviruses to uninfected areas and curb transmission within Asia. Comprehensive surveillance using molecular diagnostic tools for ranavirus species and variants will help in understanding the prevalence and disease burden in the region. This is an important step toward conserving native biodiversity and safeguarding the aquaculture industry.
Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA
Authors: Palinski Rachel , Pauszek Steven J. , Humphreys John M. , Peters Debra P.C. , McVey D. Scott , Pelzel‐McCluskey Angela M. , Derner Justin D. , Burruss N. Dylan , Arzt Jonathan , Rodriguez Luis L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVesicular stomatitis (VS) is an arthropod‐borne viral disease that negatively impacts domestic livestock and wildlife hosts, and economically impacts both private animal owners and the commercial livestock industry. Previous phylogenetic studies, based on partial P gene sequences, suggested that outbreak cycles of the virus (VSV) exhibit a two‐phase dynamic (i.e., incursion and expansion). A single viral lineage from endemic areas of Mexico introduced into the southern United States during an incursion year (2004), can overwinter, and then expand throughout the western United States during the subsequent spring and summer seasons (2005). Our objective was to build on this past research using full‐length viral genomic sequences from Mexico and the United States from the same outbreak, and a large suite of geospatial data to identify the environmental factors that influence VSV evolution in the United States and potentially drive the incursion–expansion dynamics. Our phylogeographic analysis confirmed that a single VS New Jersey virus (VSNJV) lineage initiated the 2004 incursion year outbreak was subject to decreasing genetic divergence during the 2004–2006 outbreak cycle, and likely overwintered between the 2004–2006 outbreak seasons. However, rather than a simple geographic relationship, viral genetic sublineages or patristic groups identified as part of our study, were found to be associated with seasonally varying evaporative demand, soil moisture, and precipitation. Our results suggest a functional role for these environmental factors in shaping the evolution and ecology of VSNJV. We speculate a nexus to insect‐vector switching and possible adaptation to local environmental conditions to help explain the observed incursion–expansion dynamic in the United States in the 2004–2006 outbreak. Our approach of linking the phylogeography of a virus with the ecology of insect vectors can be applied to other vector‐borne diseases.
Psychological distress in early childhood and the risk of adolescent spinal pain with impact
Authors: Dario Amabile Borges , Kamper Steven James , Williams Christopher , Straker Leon , O’Sullivan Peter , Schütze Robert , Smith Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinal pain (SP), including neck and back pain, is common and often associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life of adolescents. Contemporary understanding of SP favours a biopsychosocial approach, and emerging evidence suggests the stronger influence of psychological rather than other factors.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate if experiencing psychological distress in early childhood increases the risk of spinal pain with impact during adolescence.Methods1175 adolescents from a prospective cohort study (Raine Study Gen2) were included. Psychological distress was assessed at ages 2, 5, 8 and 10 using Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL). CBCL total and subscale scores (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) were converted to age‐standardized scores and dichotomized according to t‐scores (>60=high distress). Life‐time spinal pain, including low back, mid back, or neck/shoulder, was measured at age 17. We were interested in adolescent SP with impact (care seeking, medication use, school absenteeism, daily activity interference, leisure activity interference) and defined cases as SP with impact (one or more) or greater impact (two or more) impacts. We investigated the longitudinal associations between childhood psychological distress and adolescent SP using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsPsychological distress in childhood increased the odds of adolescent SP with impact by 33% (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.01–1.76), but not spinal pain with greater impact (OR 1.22; 95% 0.83–1.80). Internalizing symptoms were associated with SP with greater impact and externalizing symptoms with SP with impact after adjusting for a range of potential child and family confounders.ConclusionPsychological distress in childhood increases the risk of SP with impact in adolescence and may be a promising prevention target.SignificanceOur findings provide evidence that psychological distress early in life is an independent risk factor for spinal pain with impact during adolescence. As psychological distress during childhood is potentially modifiable, it may be a promising target for research on the prevention of consequential spinal pain in adolescence. Identifying and addressing psychological distress in children may be an important component of best practice to reduce consequential spinal pain in adolescents.
Additions to the Flora of Telangana state of India, with notes on the phytogeographical importance
Authors: Gollamandala Ravi , Parappurakkal Thazhe Arunraj , Lingala Paramesh , Paradesi Anjaneyulu , Dasari Veeranjaneyulu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe recent floristic explorations in Bhadradri Kothagudem district yielded three flowering plants as additions to the flora of Telangana state. These additions include new record of one family Rhizophoraceae Pers., represented by Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. and two species records from the family Linderniaceae Borsch, Kai Müll. & Eb.Fisch. viz. Torenia godefroyi Bonati and Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston. Detailed morphological description, distribution, habitat and ecology, and photographs of each species are provided. A brief account on the phytogeographical importance of the present additions is given.
Protective effects of 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid against myocardial infarction: Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway activation and inhibiting Ca2+influx via L‐type Ca2+channels
Authors: Chu Sijie , Wang Weijie , Zhang Ning , Liu Tong , Li Jing , Chu Xi , Zuo Saijie , Ma Zhihong , Ma Donglai , Chu Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) is a component extracted from licorice. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 18β‐GA on isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced acute myocardial infarction in rats and mice. Two consecutive days of subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg/day) resulted in acute myocardial infarction. We examined the pathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and expression of apoptosis in mouse hearts. The expressions of phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K (p‐PI3K) and Akt (p‐Akt) were determined by western blotting. The whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was applied to observe the L‐type Ca2+currents, and the Ion Optix detection system was used for cell contraction and Ca2+transient in isolated rat cardiac ventricular myocytes. In ISO‐induced myocardial infarction, the J‐point, heart rate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathion, and reactive oxygen species decreased in mice after 18β‐GA treatment. 18β‐GA improved ISO‐induced morphologic pathology, inhibited the inflammatory pathway response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling. 18β‐GA could significantly inhibit ICa‐L, myocardial contraction, and Ca2+transient. This study demonstrates that 18β‐GA has cardioprotective effects on acute myocardial infarction, which may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, and reducing cell contractility and Ca2+concentration via L‐type Ca2+channels.
Probabilistic co-occurrence assessment for suites of listed species
Authors: Richardson Leif L. , Dunne Jonnie , Feken Max , Brain Richard , Ghebremichael Lula , Winchell Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to consult with the Services (US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service) over potential pesticide impacts on federally listed species. Consultation is complicated by the large number of pesticide products and listed species, as well as by lack of consensus on best practices for conducting co-occurrence analyses. Previous work demonstrates that probabilistic estimates of species' ranges and pesticide use patterns improve these analyses. Here we demonstrate that such estimates can be made for suites of sympatric listed species. Focusing on two watersheds, one in Iowa and the other in Mississippi, we obtained distribution records for 13 species of terrestrial and aquatic listed plants and animals occurring therein. We used maximum entropy modeling and bioclimatic, topographic, hydrographic, and land cover variables to predict species' ranges at high spatial resolution. We constructed probabilistic spatial models of use areas for two pesticides based on the US Department of Agriculture Cropland Data Layer and reduced classification errors by incorporating information on the relationships between individual pixels and their neighbors using object-based images analysis. We then combined species distribution and crop footprint models to derive overall probability of co-occurrence of listed species and pesticide use. For aquatic species, we also integrated an estimate of downstream residue transport. We report each separate species-by-use-area co-occurrence estimate and also combine these modeled co-occurrence probabilities across species within watersheds to produce an overall metric of potential pesticide exposure risk for these listed species at the watershed level. We propose that the consultation process between US EPA and the Services be based on such batched estimation of probabilistic co-occurrence for multiple listed species at a regional scale. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1088–1100. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Co-occurrence assessments of pesticide use areas and listed species ranges mandated by the Endangered Species Act are impaired by data gaps and statistical issues. These co-occurrence assessments are also inefficient, and a substantial backlog exists. We show that incorporating probabilistic estimates of both pesticide use and species distributions improves these assessments. We also demonstrate that efficiencies may be realized by batch-processing these assessments for groups of listed species.