bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes between pure bone-borne and hybrid tooth-borne and bone-borne maxillary rapid palatal expanders using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Sarraj Mohamad , Akyalcin Sercan , He Hong , Xiang Jun , AlSaty Ghaddy , Celenk-Koca Tugce , DeBiase Christina , Martin Chris , AlSharif Khaled , Ngan Peter 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal changes between two types of microimplant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion appliances: The bone-anchored maxillary expanders (BAME) and the tooth-bone-anchored maxillary skeletal expander (MSE).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four patients with a transverse maxillary deficiency were divided into two groups; the first group (16 patients, average age 14.9 years) was treated with the MSE appliance, and the second group (18 patients, average age 13.8 years) was treated with the BAME appliance. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken at pre-treatment (T1) and immediately post-expansion (T2) to measure the changes in midpalatal suture opening, total expansion (TE), alveolar bone bending, dental tipping (DT), and buccal bone thickness. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and two-sample t-test.

Results:
Midpalatal suture separation was found in 100% of the patients in both groups. The TE at the first molar was 5.9 mm in the MSE group and 4.7 mm in the BAME group. The skeletal contributions were 56% and 83% of TE for the MSE and BAME groups, respectively. Significantly less dental buccal tipping and buccal bone loss were found with the BAME group. The midpalatal suture in both groups exhibited a parallel opening pattern in the axial plane.

Conclusion:
The use of BAME appliance resulted in greater skeletal effects, less dental tipping, and less buccal bone reduction compared to MSE appliance (immediately after maxillary expansion).
Comparison of twin block appliance and Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device therapies on uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions: A retrospective study
Authors: Yavan Mehmet Ali , Aycan Merve , Aksoyler Dicle , Essiz Aysegul 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different functional appliances on skeletal, dental, and uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions.

Materials and Methods:
Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 50 adolescent Class II patients with a retrognathic mandible were obtained from an archive and divided into two groups according to functional therapy. Twenty-five patients (14 females, 11 males, mean age: 13.5 ± 2.8) who were treated with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) and 25 patients (17 females, eight males, mean age: 12.5 ± 0.4) who had received functional therapy through the twin block (TWB) were enrolled. Skeletal, dentoalveolar, tongue, uvula, hyoid position, and oropharyngeal airway parameters were measured using the Dolphin software, and uvulo-glossopharyngeal area measurements were performed with the AutoCAD software.

Results:
The TWB group exhibited remarkable mandibular advancement compared to the FFRD group (P < 0.05). Both of the treatments proclined mandibular incisors, and tongue dimensions increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). While the hyoid point moved forward and the oropharyngeal area increased significantly in the TWB group, no significant changes were observed in the FFRD group. The comparison of the TWB and FFRD groups with regard to uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions showed no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Changes in uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions did not significantly vary between the two different functional therapies.
Effect of Different Colored Polythene Mulches and Net House on Insect Incidence and Yield of Brinjal in Rampur, Chitwan
Authors: Prakash Bharatee  , Ankit Soti  , Rajendra Regmi  , Arjun Kumar Shrestha  , Ananta Raj Devkota  , Resham Bahadur Thapa  
Published: April 2021

Field experiment was conducted in single factor randomized complete block designed to evaluate effect of different color polythene mulch and net house on insect pest incidence of brinjal in chitwan, nepal during october 2016 to may 2017. Five different treatment were selected with four replications, included net house with black polythene mulch, black polythene mulch only, reflective polythene mulch only and black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate 5%sg spray and control (no mulch+ no net + no pesticide spray) . The result revealed that the net house totally restricts the brinjal shoot and fruit borer whereas black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot reduced brinjal shoot and fruit borer larvae upto 70.58%. Total marketable yield was found highest in the black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot (49.17 mt /ha) followed by black polythene mulch only (38.59 mt/ha) and lowest in control plot (28.53 mt/ha). Damaged fruit percentage by brinjal fruit and shoot borer was highest in the control (35.68%) followed by black polythene mulch (28.10%), reflective polythene mulch (19.02%) and lowest in net house with black polythene mulch (0%). The damaged weight inside the net house with black polythene mulch and black mulch with pesticide were significantly different whereas the damaged weight in other treatments similar which proved that there was no effect of mulch on brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The B:C ratio was the highest (3.34:1) in the black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot while the lowest in net with black polythene mulch (1.68:1). Although the B:C ratio was lower in the net with black polythene mulch due to the low yield in the winter season. Creation of suitable soil environment by black polythene mulch and being biologically originated, having minimum residual effect and short half-life of emamectin benzoate, black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate can be used for the eco-friendly management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer.
Profile of Secondary Glaucoma in a Tertiary Eye Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Gurung Jamuna , Sitoula Rakshya Pant , Singh Anjani Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Background: To determine the clinical profile and causes of various types of secondary glaucoma.
Materials and methods : This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary eye hospital of eastern Nepal from 1st June to 30th November, 2017. Patients who met the criteria for secondary glaucoma underwent detailed ophthalmic examination.
Results : Out of 7079 patients diagnosed with glaucoma or glaucoma suspects, 528 (7.4%) had secondary glaucoma. The mean age at presentation was 52 ± 17 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The most common cause was lens induced 173 (32.8%) followed by neovascular 107 (20.3%), steroid induced 86 (16.3%), traumatic 76 (14.4%), post-vitrectomy 17 (3.2%), uveitic 11 (2.1%), pseudophakic 10 (1.9%), aphakic 8 (1.5%), post-keratoplasty 5 (0.9%) and miscellaneous included 35 (6.6%). Post-traumatic 31 (29.5%) was more prevalent below 41 years while lens induced glaucoma 86 (49%) above 60 years of age. At presentation, the average IOP was 40 ± 11 mmHg. 36 (6.8%) had no light perception in the presenting eye and a large number of participants 307 (58.1%) presented with visual acuity of <3/60 to perception of light. Glaucomatous optic atrophy was found in 22 (9.0%) cases.
Conclusion : The causes of secondary glaucoma are diverse, lens induced glaucoma being most common. Most patients present late with poor vision, high IOP and even glaucomatous optic atrophy. So, early identification and treatment of the causes is important so that we can prevent the burden of blindness due to secondary glaucoma.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography following Scleral Buckling Surgery
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari , Sharma Anu , Hasan Nasiq 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The retinal changes following scleral buckling surgery (SBS) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) have been rarely evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods: A 40 years old male presented with subtotal RD involving the macula and had best corrected visual acuity of logmar 2.3 in the affected right eye. Five months after applying 120 degree scleral buckle, swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) were done.
Result: At five months post-surgery, despite a settled retina in the operated eye, the patient had vision of logmar 1 and thin retinal nerve fibre layer (115 micrometer). The SSOCT showed inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) junction disruption, thinned retinal pigment epithelium, central macular thickness of 275 micrometer and subfoveal choroidal thickness of 222 micrometer. A 3x3 mm macular OCTA scan showed a normal foveal avascular zone along with higher values for vascular density in superficial capillary plexus in all quadrants except temporal quadrant in operated eye as compared to fellow eye.
Conclusion: The SBS with 120 degree buckle did not lead to a reduced vascular density in superficial capillary plexus in the operated eye with respect to fellow eye.
Firework-related Ocular Injuries During Festival Season: A Hospitalbased Study in a Tertiary Eye Care Center of Nepal
Authors: Malla Tejsu , Sahu Sabin 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Firework-related ocular injuries are an important cause of preventable ocular injuries and are common during the festival season. Despite the strict legislation in Nepal, the use of a firework is still commonly used during Tihar and Chaath festivals. Objective: To evaluate demographic distribution, mode, causative firework, type of fireworks-related ocular injuries, and visual outcome at a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern Nepal. Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective interventional study. All the patients with firework-related injuries who attended the emergency and outpatient department of SCEH, Lahan, during or within 1 month of the festival season (Tihar and Chaath puja) were included in this study. Results: Total of 65 eyes were included. The left eye was involved in 49.1%, 82.5% were males. Mean age of the patients was 15.3±14.7 years (range 5yr – 75yr). Children less than 16 years were predominantly involved (77.2%). Firecrackers (56.1%) were the most common type of fireworks causing injury. The closed globe injuries were more (78.5%) compared to open globe injuries (21.5%). Surgical management was done in 50.9% of cases. Following management visual acuity of most patients improved. Only 8 eyes (12.3%) had visual acuity less than 3/60 after management compared to 28 eyes (43.1%) at the time of presentation.

Conclusion: Firework related ocular injuries are important causes of preventable blindness. A combined approach of public awareness about the possible dangers, preventive measures, early treatment by trained primary ophthalmic care, and implementation of strict legislations are essential to reduce blindness due to this preventable cause.
Effect of Students’ Attendance on their Academic Performance in Some Engineering Courses at the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mourad Abdel Hamid Ismail , Selim Mohamed YE , Al–Maqdi Shafaa , Abueleyan Ghadi , Mansour Aya , Alamer Moudi , Alantali Maryam 
Published: April 2021

The correlation between students’ attendance and their final grades was studied by many researchers in many universities across the world in a number of specializations. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of absence on engineering students’ performance in general engineering courses and more specifically in fundamental courses that are provided solely by the Mechanical Engineering Department since there had been a substantial lack of studies involving them. In order to do so, a sample size of over 8000 students from the United Arab Emirates University UAEU was collaborated for this study with a main objective to conclude whether this relationship is significant or not. The data was generally collected over a period of five years, from 2013 to 2018. From the research conducted, the results showed that, students who do not attend class tend to perform worse on exams in engineering. Furthermore, the correlation between the student’s class attendance and student’s final grade is noteworthy and there is a strong correlation between them. Equally important, such low students’ academic performance reflects negatively to the course learning outcomes.
A Trickle of Authority: The Arid Conditions of Empire in Eighteenth-Century Xinjiang
Authors: Bello David Anthony 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article will explore some of the Qing Empire's primary adaptations, mainly pastoral and agricultural, to the arid environments of southern, eastern and northern Xinjiang - that is, the Tarim, Hami-Turfan and Zünghar basins respectively. It first examines the region's arid climate and its constraining implications for, first, agriculture as the empire's standard form of territorial incorporation in the south and east; and, second, pastoralism and agro-pastoralism in the north. These relations were not purely social, but were conditioned within both human and natural parameters. Xinjiang's general aridity informed Qing interactions with the territory's diverse peoples, which presented both cultural and ecological - that is, environmental - obstacles and opportunities.
MRONJ ASSOCIATED WITH DENTAL INFECTION AND SECONDARY INVOLVEMENT OF THE NEARBY IMPLANT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nespoli Stefania , Audino Elisabetta , Visconti Luca , Daleffe Francesco , Castellani Andrea , Negrini Stefano , Salgarello Stefano , Mensi Magda 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a potential adverse effect related to the treatment with antiresorptive (Bisphosphonates, Denosumab) and antiangiogenic (Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors) drugs. This condition could occur in patients that take these agents for the treatment of skeletal and oncological diseases but have no history of radiation therapy to the jaws. MRONJ is characterized by exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula in maxillofacial region that has persisted for longer than 8 weeks [1]. The risk to develop osteonecrosis increases with local factors, especially dental infection and dentoalveolar surgery such as tooth extraction.

CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes a case of bisphosphonate related to osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with tooth infection and subsequent involvement of the nearby implant.

CONCLUSION: The aim of this case is to describe the decision-making and clinical management of MRONJ carried out in ambulatory way and underline the importance of anamnesis and early diagnosis.
Subsitusi Fitohormon Dengan Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) pada Medium Vacin and Went Terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Anggrek Dendrobium sp Secara in Vitro
Authors: Gumiwang Wulan Dari Neng , Rahayu Tintrim , Hayati Ari 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of young coconut water that is appropriate for the growth of orchid plantlets (Dendrobium sp.) In vitro. This study used an experimental method, descriptive data analysis to compare several different concentrations of coconut water. The design of this study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consist of 0% coconut water concentration (as a control), 15%, 30% and 60%. Each concentration was carried out 5 replications and each repetition consisted of 5 Dendrobium sp plantlets in each culture bottle conducted for 40 HST, for observing the root length carried out for 50 HST. The highest number of shoots and leaves were produced at the same concentration, namely 150 ml / L coconut water treatment (15% concentration) with an average of 2.8 shoots and the average number of leaves 10.8 leaves. The average number of roots and the longest root length was produced at a concentration of 600 ml / L coconut water (60% concentration) with an average of 6 roots, and the longest root length was 0.5 cm.Keywords: Young coconut water, (Cocos nucifera L.), Dendrobium sp., in vitro, growth.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini ialah menentukan konsentrasi air kelapa muda yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan planlet anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, analisis data secara deskriptif untuk membandingan beberapa konsentrasi air kelapa yang berbeda. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakukan terdiri dari konsentrasi air kelapa 0 % (sebagai kontrol), 15% , 30% dan 60%. Masing-masing konsentrasi dilakukan 5 kali ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 planlet Dendrobium sp dalam setiap botol kultur yang dilakukan selama 40 HST, untuk pengamatan panjang akar dilakukan selama 50 HST. Jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun terbanyak dihasilkan pada konsentrasi yang sama, yaitu perlakuan air kelapa 150 ml/L (konsentrasi 15%) dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas terbanyak 2,8 tunas dan rata-rata jumlah daun terbanyak 10,8 helai daun. Rata-rata jumlah akar terbanyak dan panjang akar terpanjang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi air kelapa 600 ml/L (Konsentrasi 60%) dengan rata-rata jumlah akar terbanyak sebanyak 6 akar, dan rata-rata panjang akar terpanjang 0,5 cm.Kata kunci : Air kelapa Muda (Cocos nucifera L.), Dendrobium sp., in vitro, pertumbuhan
Estimasi Karbon pada Tegakan Kopi di Lahan Agroforestri Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Najih Riyan Riyadlun , Hakim Luchman , Zayadi Hasan 
Published: April 2021

The agroforestry system is a solution offered so that the forest area does not decrease due to forest destruction and the environment is able to perform its function, namely as a carbon storage. This study was aimed to determine the potential for carbon stored in coffee stands and abiotic factors in coffee stands on agroforestry land. Samples by purposive sampling stand samples of Coffeaarabica, Coffea canephora, and Coffea liberica as many as 20 trees with a total sample of 60 stands. the abiotic factor was measured at three representative points. Data obtained in the form of dbh (±1,3 m), type of coffee, plant age, wood dencity, abiotic factor data, biomass, and carbon. Data analysis included tree biomass data with the allometric formula Ketterings dry weight = 0.11 ρ D2.62 (2001) and allometric formula Arifin dry weight = 0.281 D2.0635 (2001). Data analysis included carbon biomass = dry weight x 0.47. The results showed that the largest carbon storage was in Coffea liberica, then Coffea canephora and the smallest carbon storage was in Coffeaarabica. abotic factors in coffee agroforestry show soil moisture 18.3%, air humidity 60 - 75%, soil pH 7.3, soil temperature 21 ° C, air temperature 21 - 25 ° C, light intensity 877 lux, and altitude ranges from 906 - 934 m asl.Keywords: allometric, coffee, agroforestry, abiotic factors, carbonABSTRAKSistem agroforestri merupakan solusi yang ditawarkan agar luas hutan tidak semakin berkurang akibat kerusakan hutan dan lingkungan mampu melakukan fungsinya yakni sebagai penyimpan karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi karbon tersimpan pada tegakan kopi dan faktor abiotik pada tegakan kopi di lahan agroforestri. Pemilihan sampel tegakan kopi secara purposive sampling, tiap sampel tegakan Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, dan Coffea liberica berjumlah 20 pohon dengan jumlah total sampel 60 tegakan. Faktor abiotik diukur pada tiga titik representatif. Data yang diperoleh berupa dbh (±1,3 m), spesies kopi, umur tanaman, berat jenis kayu,data faktor abiotik, biomassa, dan karbon. Analisis data perhitungan biomassa meliputi rumus allometrik Ketterings berat kering = 0,11 ρ D2,62 (2001) dan rumus allometrik Arifin berat kering = 0,281 D2,0635(2001). Analisis data biomassa karbon = berat kering x 0.47. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan simpanan karbon terbesar terdapat pada Coffea liberica, kemudian Coffea canephora dan simpanan karbon paling kecil pada Coffea arabica. faktor abotik di agroforestri kopi menunjukkan kelembaban tanah 18.3%, Kelembaban udara 60 - 75%, pH tanah 7,3, Suhu tanah 21°C, suhu udara 21 - 25°C, intensitas cahaya 877 lux dan ketinggian tempat berkisar 906 – 934 m dpl.Kata kunci: allometrik, kopi, agroforestry, faktor abiotic, karbon
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, DAN SENG TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA TANJUNG LANGKAT KECAMATAN SALAPIAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2018
Authors: Saragih Rismeni 
Published: April 2021

Stunting is one form of nutritional abnormalities in terms of body size characterized by a short body condition to exceed the -2SD deficit below the WHO standard. The result of Riskesdas in North Sumatra found that the prevalence of stands for province by 2013 was 42.5%, which means an increase of 0.2% from the state of 2010 (42.3%). The prevalence of stunting in Kabupaten Langkat is quite high (54.7%). This study aims to determine the effect of consumption habits of energy sources, protein, and zinc to the incidence of stunting in school-aged children in Tanjung Langkat Village Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat.
This research is an observational analytic research with case control design. The number of research samples were 29 cases and 29 controls selected using stratified random sampling method. Data of energy consumption habits, protein, and zinc was done by interview using 24 hour food recall form and form food frequency and stunting data obtained from measurement of body height by using microtoise which processed by using Software WHO Anthroplus. Data analysis was done by univariante analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis by using chi- square test and logistic regression test.
The result of the analysis showed that there were three variables that had significant relation on the stunting event, energy consumption habits (p=0.036; OR=3.109), protein consumption habits (p=0.035; OR=3.148) and zinc consumption habits (p=0.002; OR=5,971). The most dominant factor influencing the stunting event is the consumption habit of zinc source with Exp. (B)=5.737.
It is advisable to improve the provision of information and understanding to children and parents about the importance of consuming food sources of energy, protein, and zinc as well as expected to parents to pay attention and familiarize children consuming diverse types of food and suggested to the school to cooperate with puskesmas provide counseling related to the consumption of balanced nutritious foods, especially those that play a role in the growth of children.