bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Degradation of Keratin by Microbial Keratinase for Effective Waste Management and Potent Industrial Applications
Authors: Chaudhary Latafat , Siddiqui Mohammad Haris , Vimal Archana , Bhargava Prachi 
Published: February 2021

:
Enzymes are the biocatalysts synthesized by living organisms having high specificity, catalytic activity, and a broad range of applicability. One such biotechnologicaly relevant enzyme is keratinase with various industrial application that captures a significant place in the enzyme market. It belongs to the proteolytic enzyme group that cleaves the highly stable and fibrous protein, keratin through hydrolysis. Keratins are hard- corrupting sinewy proteins insoluble in natural solvents and water. It is frequently aggregated in nature and expressively present in the plumes, hair, nail, horn, skins, feet, etc. The maximum range of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes have been accounted for producing keratinases with significant biotechnological applications. Successful application of this group of enzymes have been seen in various industries such as farming, laundry detergent, cosmetics, animal feed, pharmaceutical, leather, and textile. Moreover they have found remarkable usability in environmentally friendly waste management also. This paper focuses on the structure, sources, and various applications of this industrially important enzyme.
Comparison of HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS/MS in Monitoring Serum Concentration of Lamotrigine
Authors: Hu Lufeng , Tang Congrong , Wang Xubin , Chen Zhibin , Ke Xiaofang , Wang Yingying 
Published: February 2021

Background:Lamotrigine (LTG) is a broad-spectrum and first-line anti-epileptic drug. To monitor the serum levels of LTG in epileptic seizures patients, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-- tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods were established and compared.Methods:Imatinib was used as the internal standard (IS) for both methods. LTG and IS were detected at 246 nm by HPLC-DAD. In UPLC-MS/MS, LTG and IS positive ion were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with m/z of 256/210.9 and 494/394.02, respectively. A total of 37 blood samples from epileptic patients were determined and studied by these two methods.Results:There was an acceptable linearity for the two methods. The concentration range of LTG was 0.59 ~ 22.20 mg/L by HPLC, and 0.28 ~ 23.97 mg/L by UPLC-MS/MS. The Pearson regression coefficient of Deming regression was 0.9653 (95% CI: 0.9332 to 0.9821). Bland–Altman method demonstrated that the concentration of LTG determined by UPLC-MS/MS was 8.3% higher than that determined by HPLC (limits of agreement, -32.0% to +48.6%).Conclusion:There was a significant correlation between the two methods. Both HPLC and UPLC- MS/MS can be used for routine clinical monitoring of LTG.
Multimodal Protocol for the Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocysts
Authors: Haas Jr. Orion , Betina Belloc. Crescente , Agustín Machado-Fernández , André Xavier Padilha Favoreto , Neimar Scolari , Rogério Belle de Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to evaluate longitudinally the effectiveness of a multimodal protocol based on decompression followed by enucleation combined with the use of liquid nitrogen under local anesthesia for the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts.

Methods:
Seven patients with a diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst were evaluated longitudinally to clinical and histological features, and pre- and postoperative radiographs were analyzed. Data were collected on the epidemiological profile of patients and on cysts, including the presence of recurrence, duration of drainage device use, lesion site, and presence of postoperative complications.

Results:
No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 59.57 months (range, 18-96 months). No pathological fracture was observed. None of the patients had persistent paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Substantial reduction in cyst size and epithelial differentiation were observed in all patients after multimodal treatment.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, the multimodal protocol proposed here was effective in the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts by reducing lesion size, avoiding possible damage to adjacent anatomical structures, and allowing a surgical procedure with less morbidity. The longitudinal follow-up of patients showed that this treatment modality is associated with a low recurrence rate compared with alternative therapies.
Topical 5% Imiquimod as Monotherapy for Primary Cutaneous and Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: O’Hern Keegan , Chambers Meagan , Liang Shu T. , Badin Dylan J. , Chapman Michael S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Surgery is the gold standard treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma but may not be suitable given some comorbiditiies, lesion size or location, or anticipated functional impairment. Imiquimod (IMQ) is a topical immunotherapy infrequently used for melanoma, often in combination with other treatments.

Objective:
The present work aims to review the available literature on the safety and efficacy of imiquimod in the treatment of cutaneous primary and metastatic melanoma.

Methods:
We systematically reviewed the literature on topical imiquimod as monotherapy for melanoma, excluding in situ disease. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL searches were conducted using terms related to imiquimod and melanoma, results summarized according to the PRISMA Guidelines and quality of evidence assessed using the GRADE tool.

Results:
Of 559 citations identified, 14 case reports and series with 38 patients with 95 lesions met inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity in treatment regimens, including the number of applications and treatment length. Complete clearance was observed in 39% of cases, while the stable or progressive disease was seen in 42% of cases; treatment efficacy was limited in cases with prior metastatic disease.

Conclusion:
The current literature for the use of imiquimod in cutaneous primary and metastatic melanoma remains scarce, with most evidence derived from case reports and series likely to be influenced by selection bias for positive treatment results. Nevertheless, imiquimod remains a relatively well-tolerated treatment for cutaneous primary and metastatic melanoma that may be used in selected cases.
Factors Affecting Public Adoption of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Information During an Infodemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Han Yangyang , Jiang Binshan , Guo Rui 
Published: February 2021

Background
With the spread of COVID-19, an infodemic is also emerging. In public health emergencies, the use of information to enable disease prevention and treatment is incredibly important. Although both the information adoption model (IAM) and health belief model (HBM) have their own merits, they only focus on information or public influence factors, respectively, to explain the public’s intention to adopt online prevention and treatment information.

Objective
The aim of this study was to fill this gap by using a combination of the IAM and the HBM as the framework for exploring the influencing factors and paths in public health events that affect the public’s adoption of online health information and health behaviors, focusing on both objective and subjective factors.

Methods
We carried out an online survey to collect responses from participants in China (N=501). Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate items, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to calculate construct reliability and validity. The goodness of fit of the model and mediation effects were analyzed.

Results
The overall fitness indices for the model developed in this study indicated an acceptable fit. Adoption intention was predicted by information characteristics (β=.266, P<.001) and perceived usefulness (β=.565, P<.001), which jointly explained nearly 67% of the adoption intention variance. Information characteristics (β=.244, P<.001), perceived drawbacks (β=–.097, P=.002), perceived benefits (β=.512, P<.001), and self-efficacy (β=.141, P<.001) jointly determined perceived usefulness and explained about 81% of the variance of perceived usefulness. However, social influence did not have a statistically significant impact on perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy did not significantly influence adoption intention directly.

Conclusions
By integrating IAM and HBM, this study provided the insight and understanding that perceived usefulness and adoption intention of online health information could be influenced by information characteristics, people’s perceptions of information drawbacks and benefits, and self-efficacy. Moreover, people also exhibited proactive behavior rather than reactive behavior to adopt information. Thus, we should consider these factors when helping the informed public obtain useful information via two approaches: one is to improve the quality of government-based and other official information, and the other is to improve the public’s capacity to obtain information, in order to promote truth and fight rumors. This will, in turn, contribute to saving lives as the pandemic continues to unfold and run its course.
Evidence Synthesis of Digital Interventions to Mitigate the Negative Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Mental Health: Rapid Meta-review
Authors: Rauschenberg Christian , Schick Anita , Hirjak Dusan , Seidler Andreas , Paetzold Isabell , Apfelbacher Christian , Riedel-Heller Steffi G , Reininghaus Ulrich 
Published: February 2021

Background
Accumulating evidence suggests the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on public mental health. Digital interventions that have been developed and evaluated in recent years may be used to mitigate the negative consequences of the pandemic. However, evidence-based recommendations on the use of existing telemedicine and internet-based (eHealth) and app-based mobile health (mHealth) interventions are lacking.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the theoretical and empirical base, user perspective, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of digital interventions related to public mental health provision (ie, mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders) that may help to reduce the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A rapid meta-review was conducted. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL databases were searched on May 11, 2020. Study inclusion criteria were broad and considered systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated digital tools for health promotion, prevention, or treatment of mental health conditions and determinants likely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Overall, 815 peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified, of which 83 met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that there is good evidence on the usability, safety, acceptance/satisfaction, and effectiveness of eHealth interventions. Evidence on mHealth apps is promising, especially if social components (eg, blended care) and strategies to promote adherence are incorporated. Although most digital interventions focus on the prevention or treatment of mental disorders, there is some evidence on mental health promotion. However, evidence on process quality, cost-effectiveness, and long-term effects is very limited.

Conclusions
There is evidence that digital interventions are particularly suited to mitigating psychosocial consequences at the population level. In times of physical distancing, quarantine, and restrictions on social contacts, decision makers should develop digital strategies for continued mental health care and invest time and efforts in the development and implementation of mental health promotion and prevention programs.
Early Improvement of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhan Zhu , Yang Xin , Du Hu , Zhang Chuanlai , Song Yuyan , Ran Xiaoyun , Zhang An , Yang Mei 
Published: February 2021

Background
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been over 2 million deaths globally. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be the main cause of death.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the clinical features, outcomes, and ARDS characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Chongqing, China.

Methods
The epidemiology of COVID-19 from January 21, 2020, to March 15, 2020, in Chongqing, China, was analyzed retrospectively, and 75 ICU patients from two hospitals were included in this study. On day 1, 56 patients with ARDS were selected for subgroup analysis, and a modified Poisson regression was performed to identify predictors for the early improvement of ARDS (eiARDS).

Results
Chongqing reported a 5.3% case fatality rate for the 75 ICU patients. The median age of these patients was 57 (IQR 25-75) years, and no bias was present in the sex ratio. A total of 93% (n=70) of patients developed ARDS during ICU stay, and more than half had moderate ARDS. However, most patients (n=41, 55%) underwent high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, but not mechanical ventilation. Nearly one-third of patients with ARDS improved (arterial blood oxygen partial pressure/oxygen concentration >300 mm Hg) in 1 week, which was defined as eiARDS. Patients with eiARDS had a higher survival rate and a shorter length of ICU stay than those without eiARDS. Age (<55 years) was the only variable independently associated with eiARDS, with a risk ratio of 2.67 (95% CI 1.17-6.08).

Conclusions
A new subphenotype of ARDS—eiARDS—in patients with COVID-19 was identified. As clinical outcomes differ, the stratified management of patients based on eiARDS or age is highly recommended.
The Political Dynamics of Corporate Tax Avoidance: The Chinese Experience
Authors: Chen Hanwen , Tang Song , Wu Donghui , Yang Daoguang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In China's political selection system, officials capable of growing local economies are rewarded with promotions. Eager to demonstrate economic achievements, newly appointed local leaders may raise tax revenues to expand fiscal expenditures on infrastructure projects. Against this backdrop, we study how political appointments influence local firms' tax planning. Based on a sample of locally administered state-owned enterprises (SOEs), we find that firms decrease their tax avoidance after new leaders take office. The political-turnover effect on these firms' tax positions is more evident when the incoming leaders have more political clout over SOE managers, the incentives to divert resources are stronger, or politician-manager networks are present, and subsides following the launch of the anticorruption campaign. Furthermore, firms with higher post-turnover tax payments subsequently receive more government contracts or subsidies. Overall, our findings suggest political incentives shape the tax-planning activities of SOE managers in a “two-way favor exchange” manner.
JEL Classifications: H26; E32; P26; G30.
Re-visioning the Student Experience
Authors: Bates Jacqueline 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

COVID-19 has fundamentally shifted higher education into uncharted waters. It was a tsunami of change pushing courses, students and academics online. Research is now pointing to a student-centered approach that embeds digital for the long term. Luckily, chaos is often where we encounter innovation. So, how do we build on 2020, learn from it and come up with breakthrough ideas that support change? How do we get our teams onboard and leverage the momentum to make the change sustainable?

As a Client Experience Manager for Blackboard I am privileged to get in depth insights into challenges and learnings with higher education clients across Australia and New Zealand. I will share some insights from the institutions that I work with as well as research on the impact of COVID-19 on higher education. We will also look at how to use design thinking, a human-centered approach to innovation, to help you to understand student needs, rapidly prototype new approaches and generate creative ideas. This approach can help you to generate your own wave of change, transforming products, services and processes by combining what is feasible with what is economically viable.
References

Learning and teaching reimagined: A new dawn for higher education?, Jisc, November 2020, Professor David Maguire, interim principal and vice-chancellor, University of Dundee Chair, learning and teaching reimagined Louisa Dale, director of insight, Jisc Michelle Pauli, Michelle Pauli Editorial

Envisioning the Future of Higher Ed in a Post-pandemic World, Dian Schaffhauser, 10 February 2020, retrieved from https://campustechnology.com/articles/2020/10/02/envisioning-the-future-of-higher-ed-in-a-post-pandemic-world.aspx?m=1

Learning from lockdown: 12 steps to eliminate digital exclusion, Georgina Bowyer, Anna Grant and Douglas White, 2020, Carnegie Trust UK.

Horizon Report 2020, Educause Publications, 2020. Retrieved from https://library.educause.edu/resources/2020/3/2020-educause-horizon-report-teaching-and-learning-edition
Higher Education Remade by COVID-19, Deloitte Center for Higher Education Excellence, May 2020.
ANALISIS SERAPAN ANGGARAN BELANJA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Ruhmaini Ruhmaini , Abdullah Syukriy , Darwanis Darwanis 
Published: February 2021

Local governments have an important role in optimizing local financial management to improve public services to the public. One of the most common financial management issues is the absorption of budget in District Revenue and Expenditure Budgets (APBK) at the end of budget year is often below target or lower than its budget. This will result in the loss of spending benefits because the allocated funds cannot be fully utilized, which means there is iddle money. This study aims to analyze the absorption of budget of the Aceh Tengah District Government based on the type of expenditure, function and its organization. The secondary data obtained from the Qanun of about the Responsibility and its Implementation of APBK Aceh Tengah for the years 2012-2015 . The results showed that the budget absorption based on the type of expenditure, function and organization fluctuated every year. The average budget absorption from 2012 to 2015 is based on the type of expenditure of 87.03%, the average absorption of expenditure by function of 93.32%, and the average uptake of expenditure by the organization of 94.44%.Pemerintah daerah memiliki peran penting dalam mengoptimalkan pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat. Salah satu masalah pengelolaan keuangan yang sering ditemui adalah serapan anggaran belanja daerah pada APBK diakhir tahun anggaran seringkali berada dibawah target atau lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan anggarannya. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan hilangnya manfaat belanja karena dana yang dialokasikan ternyata tidak semuanya dapat dimanfaatkan, yang artinya terjadi iddle money. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serapan anggaran belanja Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah berdasarkan jenis belanja, berdasarkan fungsi dan berdasarkan organisasi. Data yang dianalisis terdiri dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari qanun APBK Aceh Tengah tahun 2012-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serapan anggaran belanja bedasarkan jenis belanja, fungsi dan organisasi berfluktuatif setiap tahunnya. Rata-rata serapan anggaran dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2015 berdasarkan jenis belanja sebesar 87,03%, rata-rata serapan belanja berdasarkan fungsi sebesar 93,32%, dan rata-rata serapan belanja berdasarkan organisasi sebesar 94,44%.Keywords: budget absorpsion, expenditure type, expenditure function, organization.
Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Tindakan Kriminal: Studi Kasus di Kota Bandung
Authors: Nurhakim Diky , Sukoco Iwan 
Published: February 2021

The flow of information and communication is currently growing rapidly. Globalization and modernization are aspects that support the development of information and communication flows increasingly rapidly because the use of technology and the internet creates a free environment, not bound by space and time. This is assisted by the existence of social media which is increasingly easy to access both in terms of knowledge, education, culture, social, economy, religion, and even current developments in the world. The breadth of social media networks makes more and more changes, whether changes for the individual itself, groups, society or changes in other aspects. This study provides a focus to determine how the influence of social media on criminal acts in the district. Bandung. This is due to the increasing number of theft cases. The purpose of this research is to find out and understand how social media influence the criminal act of theft. The other side, so that this research can help the policies of the parties concerned and other authorities. The method used by researchers is a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this research are expected to help academics to develop this research as well as other related parties. AbstrakArus informasi dan komunikasi saat ini semakin berkembang pesat. Globalisasi dan Modernisasi menjadi aspek yang mendukung perkembangan arus informasi dan komunikasi semakin pesat karena penggunaan teknologi dan internet menciptakan keadaan yang bebas, tidak terikat ruang dan waktu. Hal ini dibantu dengan adanya media sosial yang semakin mudah untuk diakses baik dari segi pengetahuan, pendidikan, budaya, sosial, ekonomi, agama, bahkan perkembangan dunia saat ini. Luasnya jaringan media sosial membuat semakin banyak perubahan, baik perubahan bagi individu itu sendiri, kelompok, masyarakat atau perubahan aspek lainnya. Penelitian ini menyajikan fokus untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Tindakan Kriminal di Kab. Bandung. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kasus pencurian yang semakin banyak terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana pengaruh media sosial terhadap tindakan kriminal pencurian. Sisi lain, agar penelitian ini dapat membantu kebijakan pihak-pihak yang berkaitan dan berwenang lainnya. Metode yang digunakan peneliti ialah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu para akademisi untuk mengembangkan penelitian ini dan juga pihak-pihak terkait lainnya.
Nauczanie podstaw przedsiębiorczości w liceach ogólnokształcących i liceach profilowanych
Authors: Makieła Barbara , Makieła Zbigniew 
Published: February 2021

Jednym z celów nauczania podstaw przedsiębiorczości jest próba przekształcania systemu kształcenia w polskich szkołach tak, aby przekazywana wiedza miała w większym stopniu charakter aplikacyjny. Celem jest również przybliżenie młodzieży problematyki przedsiębiorczości, którą należy rozumieć nie tylko w kontekście zakładania firmy, podejmowania działalności gospodarczej, ale przede wszystkim uświadamianie i nauczenie młodych ludzi, że przedsiębiorczość to między innymi...
Uwagi dotyczące realizacji przedmiotu podstawy przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Juchnowicz Marta 
Published: February 2021

Jedną z istotnych przyczyn występowania niezwykle wysokiego, bo sięgającego 40%, bezrobocia w grupie wiekowej 19-24 lata, jest nieodpowiedni poziom przygotowania młodzieży do funkcjonowania w realnym świecie gospodarki rynkowej. Wiedza, a przede wszystkim umiejętności młodzieży nie są dostosowane do rzeczywistych potrzeb gospodarki XXI wieku. Odpowiedzialność za taki stan ponosi system edukacji. Okazuje się, że programy nauczania nie dostarczają uczniom wiedzy i umiejętności niezbędnych aktualnie na rynku pracy. W niewystarczającym stopniu szkoły kształtują wśród młodego pokolenia Polaków autentyczne postawy przedsiębiorcze...