bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric elastomer actuator behavior of silicone/cyanoethylsucrose composite films: Morphology and space‐charge distribution
Authors: Tamura Satoshi , Kiyono Ryotaro , Hirai Toshihiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe composite films of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cyanoethylsucrose (CR‐U) were prepared and investigated as an electroactive silicone actuator in the air. CR‐U is highly viscose and soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone (ACT). The composites showed a phase‐separation structure, in which the spherical CR‐U dispersed in the PDMS domain. The films from THF had an asymmetric cross‐sectional view, in which CR‐U large sphere dispersed with a thin skin layer of PDMS on one side. On the other hand, the films from ACT had a symmetric cross‐sectional structure, in which CR‐U small sphere dispersed uniformly without a PDMS thin skin layer. By applying DC electric field, the films from THF deformed by expanding the thin skin layer regardless of the electric field polarity. The films from ACT showed almost no deformation. The space‐charge distribution explained deformation behavior.
Rocket Propellant Comparison: Conventional Planetary Mixing and Resonant Acoustic Mixing
Authors: Smith Paul C. , Huf Joel P. , Williams Christopher A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA standard HTPB/AP/Al composite rocket propellant formulation was prepared with a conventional vertical planetary action mixer and resonant acoustic mixer (RAM). Ingredients and process conditions were standardised as much as possible to facilitate a direct comparison of the two process regimes. Cured propellant specimens were characterised for sensitiveness, ballistic properties and mechanical properties at 3 temperatures (−54 °C, 25 °C and 74 °C). No significant differences were noted for sensitiveness between the planetary and RAM mixes. A slightly lower burn rate at 1000 psi (6.89 MPa) was noted for the RAM mixes. Maximum stress results at 25 °C were similar but significant differences in maximum strain and modulus were recorded. Maximum strain for the 1 Pint, 2 Gallon and RAM were 7.4 %, 9.1 % and 17.6 %, respectively. Modulus results were 26.0 MPa, 19.3 MPa and 11.1 MPa, respectively. Similar improvements in strain capability for the RAM propellant were recorded at −54 °C and 74 °C, with increases of 66 % and 117 %, respectively. A greater strain capability results from stronger interfacial adhesion between the solid fill and the binder, which is in turn generally a result of improved wetting of solid particles. This result, therefore, indicates more thorough mixing in the case of the RAM process but this requires confirmation through a more direct examination of the underlying mechanism.
Synthesis and Properties of Lead‐Free Primary Explosive: Potassium 5‐(2,2‐Diamino‐1‐nitrovinyl)tetrazolate
Authors: Yin Zhaoyang , Huang Wei , Tang Yongxing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe search for lead‐free, environmentally friendly explosives has been a highly challenging task in the field of energetic materials. Herein, an energetic salt, potassium 5‐(2,2‐diamino‐1‐nitrovinyl)tetrazolate (2) was prepared by the combination of tetrazole containing energetic anion and potassium cation with an outstanding initiating performance. It was fully characterized by IR spectrum, NMR spectrum, and elemental analysis. The structure was further determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. It exhibited high density, high heat of formation, and excellent detonation performance; In addition, the highly thermal decomposition temperature and acceptable mechanical sensitivities guaranteed its application as a next‐generation primary explosive.
Determination of the triple oxygen isotopic composition of tropospheric ozone in terminal positions using a multistep nitrite‐coated filter‐pack system
Authors: Xu Hao , Tsunogai Urumu , Nakagawa Fumiko , Li Yijun , Ito Masanori , Sato Keiichi , Tanimoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

RationaleThe triple oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of tropospheric ozone (O3) is a useful tracer for identifying the source and is essential for clarifying the atmospheric chemistry of oxidants. However, the single nitrite‐coated filter method is inaccurate owing to the nitrate blank produced through the reaction of nitrite and oxygen compounds other than O3.MethodsA multistep nitrite‐coated filter‐pack system is newly adopted to transfer the O‐atoms in terminal positions of O3 to nitrite on each filter to determine the Δ17O of O3 in terminal positions (denoted as Δ17O(O3)term). The NO3− produced by this reaction is chemically converted into N2O, and continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐IRMS) is used to determine the oxygen isotopic compositions.ResultsThe reciprocal of the NO3− quantities on the nitrite‐coated filters in each sample showed a strong linear relationship with Δ17O of NO3−. Using the linear relation, we corrected the changes in Δ17O of NO3− on the filters. We verified the accuracy of the new method through the measurement of artificial O3 with known Δ17O(O3)term value that had been determined from the changes in Δ17O of O2. The Δ17O(O3)term of tropospheric O3 was in agreement with previous studies.ConclusionsWe accurately determined the δ18O and Δ17O values of tropospheric O3 by blank correction using our new method. Measurements of Δ17O(O3)term of the ambient troposphere showed 1.1 ± 0.7‰ diurnal variations between daytime (higher) and nighttime (lower) due likely to the formation of the temperature inversion layer at night.
Output sign‐consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems over fixed and switching signed graphs: An observer‐based approach
Authors: Sun Zhenyu , Zhang Hongwei , Lewis Frank L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article studies output sign‐consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems, that is, outputs of all agents will eventually have the same sign. Both fixed and switching signed graphs are treated. To remove the restriction that every follower node needs to know the dynamics of the leader node, a distributed observer is maintained by each follower node, such that the state and dynamics of the leader node is estimated. Moreover, the communication graph is allowed to be structurally unbalanced and time‐varying. Then distributed state feedback control law and measurement output feedback control law are designed and analyzed. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.
Detecting the epitranscriptome
Authors: Sarkar Anwesha , Gasperi William , Begley Ulrike , Nevins Steven , Huber Sabrina M. , Dedon Peter C. , Begley Thomas J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRNA modifications and their corresponding epitranscriptomic writer and eraser enzymes regulate gene expression. Altered RNA modification levels, dysregulated writers, and sequence changes that disrupt epitranscriptomic marks have been linked to mitochondrial and neurological diseases, cancer, and multifactorial disorders. The detection of epitranscriptomics marks is challenging, but different next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based and mass spectrometry‐based approaches have been used to identify and quantitate the levels of individual and groups of RNA modifications. NGS and mass spectrometry‐based approaches have been coupled with chemical, antibody or enzymatic methodologies to identify modifications in most RNA species, mapped sequence contexts and demonstrated the dynamics of specific RNA modifications, as well as the collective epitranscriptome. While epitranscriptomic analysis is currently limited to basic research applications, specific approaches for the detection of individual RNA modifications and the epitranscriptome have potential biomarker applications in detecting human conditions and diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
An Adaptive Automatic Approach to Filtering Empty Images from Camera Traps Using a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Yang Deng‐Qi , Ren Guo‐Peng , Tan Kun , Huang Zhi‐Pang , Li De‐Pin , Li Xiao‐Wei , Wang Jian‐Ming , Chen Ben‐Hui , Xiao Wen 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCamera traps are widely used in wildlife surveys because they are non‐invasive, low‐cost, and highly efficient. Camera traps deployed in the wild often produce large datasets, making it increasingly difficult to manually classify images. Deep learning is a machine learning method that provides a tool to automatically identify images, but it requires labeled training samples and high‐performance servers with multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). However, manually preparing large‐scale training images for training deep learning models is labor intensive, and the high‐performance servers with multiple GPUs are often not available for wildlife management agencies and field researchers. Our study explores an adaptive deep learning method to use small‐scale training sets and a commonly‐available, desktop personal computer (PC) to achieve automatic filtering of empty camera images. Our results showed that by using 29,192 training samples, the overall error, commission error, and omission error of the proposed method on a PC were 2.69%, 6.82%, and 6.45%, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of our method can be adaptively improved on PCs in actual ecological monitoring projects, which would benefit researchers in field settings when only a PC is available. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Heatline visualization of natural convection heat transfer for nanofluids confined within parallelogrammic cavities in presence of discrete isoflux sources
Authors: Hussain Ahmed Hadi , Al‐Zamily Ali Meer Ali , Ali Farooq Hassan , Hussain Salam Hadi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural convection in a parallelogrammic enclosure filled with different types of nanofluids (Al2O3, Ag and TiO2) subjected to three discrete heated isoflux is examined numerically by using a heatlines visualization method. The position of three discrete isoflux are at left and right sidewalls remark by (λ = 0.25), while the third isoflux at a bottom wall remark by (ζ = 0.5). The top wall with the remaining regions in the bottom wall is insulated, while the remaining regions in the side walls are maintained at low temperatures. Finite element method based on a Chorin's algorithm used to solve the governing equation continuity, momentum and energy. Numerical calculations were achieved for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers (104≤Ra≤107), skew angle (−30o≤γ≤+30o), and volume fraction of nanoparticles (0≤≤0.2). The result is explained in term of stream functions, isotherms, heatfunctions, local and average Nusselt numbers. It is found that the heat transfer performance considerably improve with the supplement water of various species of nanofluid and changing skew angle. Furthermore, nine correlations are established to approximate the average Nusselt number.
Double‐diffusive convection in a porous complex‐shaped cavity suspended by nano‐encapsulated phase change materials
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Alsedais Noura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper simulates a double‐diffusive convection of suspended nano‐encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCM) embedded inside a porous complex‐shaped cavity. The ISPH method is employed to handle the controlling equations in dimensionless form. The complex‐shaped cavity consists of a circular cylinder mounted vertically on two rectangle shapes. Variable‐length on the left wall is maintained at a temperature and concentration higher than the on the other side of the wall. Phase changes in encapsulated nanoparticles were assessed by the heat capacity of the core and shell layers. The simulations carried out were shown in terms of the velocity field, temperature, concentration, and melting‐solidification zones below the effects of the variable hot source
, the fusion temperature and the Stefan parameter . The main finding indicated that the phase change zone follows the hot source within the cavity. The expansions of the partial hot length and the fusion temperature alter the intensity and location of the phase change zone. An augmentation in the Stefan number lowers the intensity of the phase change zone.
Modular invariant A4 models for quarks and leptons with generalized CP symmetry
Authors: Yao Chang-Yuan , Lu Jun-Nan , Ding Gui-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We perform a systematical analysis of the A4 modular models with generalized CP for the masses and flavor mixing of quarks and leptons, and the most general form of the quark and lepton mass matrices is given. The CP invariance requires all couplings real in the chosen basis and thus the vacuum expectation value of the modulus τ uniquely breaks both the modular symmetry and CP symmetry. The phenomenologically viable models with minimal number of free parameters and the results of fit are presented. We find 20 models with 7 real free parameters that can accommodate the experimental data of lepton sector. We then apply A4 modular symmetry to the quark sector to explain quark masses and CKM mixing matrix, the minimal viable quark model is found to contain 10 free real parameters. Finally, we give two predictive quark-lepton unification models which use only 16 real free parameters to explain the flavor patterns of both quarks and leptons.
Alkohol als Kulturgut – eine historisch-anthropologische und therapeutische Perspektive auf Alkoholkonsum und seine soziale Rolle in westlichen Gesellschaften
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Daedelow Laura S. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAlkohol ist die dominante Droge in westlichen Gesellschaften mit einer Geschichte, die sich vom Mittelalter über die Kolonialzeit bis in die Gegenwart zieht. Die historische Variabilität seines Konsums hat schon immer das Verständnis alkoholbezogener Probleme beeinflusst. Bis heute sind der öffentliche Diskurs über Suchterkrankungen und die Gestaltung des Versorgungssystems von Versatzstücken überholter Theorien geprägt, was zur Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung betroffener Personen beitragen kann. Neben einem Überblick über die historische Entwicklung des Alkoholkonsums wird die soziokulturelle Diversität im Umgang und in der Einschätzung des Alkoholgebrauchs in westlichen Gesellschaften beleuchtet und ihre Relevanz für klinische Interventionen bewertet. Die Gründung einer bundesweiten Taskforce zur Gestaltung des Versorgungssystems wird empfohlen, um Kurzinterventionen und weitere wirksame Verfahren in der klinischen Praxis zu implementieren.
Genetic causes of neonatal and infantile hypercalcaemia
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe causes of hypercalcaemia in the neonate and infant are varied, and often distinct from those in older children and adults. Hypercalcaemia presents clinically with a range of symptoms including failure to thrive, poor feeding, constipation, polyuria, irritability, lethargy, seizures and hypotonia. When hypercalcaemia is suspected, an accurate diagnosis will require an evaluation of potential causes (e.g. family history) and assessment for physical features (such as dysmorphology, or subcutaneous fat deposits), as well as biochemical measurements, including total and ionised serum calcium, serum phosphate, creatinine and albumin, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites and urinary calcium, phosphate and creatinine. The causes of neonatal hypercalcaemia can be classified into high or low PTH disorders. Disorders associated with high serum PTH include neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and Jansen’s metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Conditions associated with low serum PTH include idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia, Williams-Beuren syndrome and inborn errors of metabolism, including hypophosphatasia. Maternal hypocalcaemia and dietary factors and several rare endocrine disorders can also influence neonatal serum calcium levels. This review will focus on the common causes of hypercalcaemia in neonates and young infants, considering maternal, dietary, and genetic causes of calcium dysregulation. The clinical presentation and treatment of patients with these disorders will be discussed.
Ivermectin effectively inhibits hepatitis E virus replication, requiring the host nuclear transport protein importin α1
Authors: Li Yunlong , Miao Zhijiang , Li Pengfei , Zhang Ruyi , Kainov Denis E. , Ma Zhongren , de Man Robert A. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show that ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, effectively inhibits infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 3 in a range of cell culture models, including hepatic and extrahepatic cells. Long-term treatment showed no clear evidence of the development of drug resistance. Gene silencing of importin-α1, a cellular target of ivermectin and a key member of the host nuclear transport complex, inhibited viral replication and largely abolished the anti-HEV effect of ivermectin.
Efficacy of fractional laser, radiofrequency and IPL rejuvenation of periorbital region
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Rotsztejn Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess skin elasticity, the reduction in the number and the depth of wrinkles and changes in the other skin defects (bags under the eyes, dark circles under the eyes, skin hyperpigmentation in the ageing eye area following the use of non-ablative fractional laser, bipolar radiofrequency and intense pulsed light). Moreover, the study was also comparison which device brought better results than the others. This study included 71 patients (66 women, 5 men), aged 33–63 years (the average age was 45.81 years) with skin phototypes II and III. Twenty-four patients received five treatment sessions with a 1410-nm non-ablative fractional laser in 2-week intervals, 23 patients received five treatment sessions with a bipolar radiofrequency in 1-week intervals and 24 patients received five treatment sessions with an intense pulsed light in 2-week intervals. The treatment was applied on the skin in the eye area. The Cutometer (Courage + Khazaka electronic) reference test was used as an objective method for the assessment of skin elasticity. A questionnaire was used to compare baseline state with changes that occurred after the series of treatment sessions. The results of cutometric measurements of R2, R6 and R7 parameters and the results of questionnaires indicated that non-ablative fractional laser therapy, bipolar radiofrequency and intense pulsed light improved skin elasticity. Of the three treatments, the most significant percentage improvement in the R6 parameter was demonstrated by non-ablative fractional laser therapy which gave better final results than the other methods (p < 0.0001). No other statistically significant relationships were found between RF and IPL. In the (subjective) opinion of study participants (questionnaire), all used methods resulted in the reduction of the amount and the depth of wrinkles. However, they did not observe significant impact of individual treatment method on the signs of skin ageing, including discolorations within eye area, bags (fatty hernia), dark circles (vascular/pigmentary) and oedema (predisposition to water retention). Non-ablative fractional laser therapy, bipolar radiofrequency and intense pulsed light improved skin elasticity and the reduction of wrinkles. The most significant improvement of elasticity was demonstrated by laser therapy. It seems necessary to expand the group with the effect of individual treatments against bags and dark circles under the eyes.
Prognosis of the non-ST elevation myocardial infarction complicated with early ventricular fibrillation at higher age
Authors: Skoda Réka , Bárczi György , Vágó Hajnalka , Nemes Attila , Szabó Liliána , Fülöp Gábor , Hizoh István , Domokos Dominika , Törő Klára , Dinya Elek , Merkely Béla , Becker Dávid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly ventricular fibrillation (EVF) predicts mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Data are lacking about prognosis and management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) EMI with EVF, especially at higher age. In the daily clinical practice, there is no clear prognosis of patients surviving EVF. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors and factors influencing the prognosis of NSTEMI patients surviving EVF, especially at higher age. Clinical data, including 30-day and 1-year mortality of 6179 NSTEMI patients, were examined; 2.44% (n=151) survived EVF and were further analyzed using chi-square test and uni- and multivariate analyses. Patients were divided into two age groups below and above the age of 70 years. Survival time was compared with Kaplan-Meier analysis. EVF was an independent risk factor for mortality in NSTEMI patients below (HR: 2.4) and above the age of 70 (HR: 2.1). Mortality rates between the two age groups of NSTEMI patients with EVF did not differ significantly: 30-day mortality was 24% vs 40% (p=0.2709) and 1-year mortality was 39% vs 55% (p=0.2085). Additional mortality after 30 days to 1 year was 15% vs 14.6% (p=0.9728). Clinical characteristics of patients with EVF differed significantly from those without in both age groups. EVF after revascularization—within 48 h—had 11.2 OR for 30-day mortality above the age of 70. EVF in NSTEMI was an independent risk factor for mortality in both age groups. Invasive management and revascularization of NSTEMI patients with EVF is highly recommended. Closer follow-up and selection of patients (independent of age) for ICD implantation in the critical first month is essential.
The Application of ‘Elite Interviewing’ Methodology in Transdisciplinary Research: a Record of Process and Lessons Learned during a 3-Year Pilot in Urban Planetary Health Research
Authors: Scally Gabriel , Black Daniel , Pilkington Paul , Williams Ben , Ige-Elegbede Janet , Prestwood Emily 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper sets out the rationale and process for the interviewing methodology utilized during a 3-year research pilot, ‘Moving Health Upstream in Urban Development’ (UPSTREAM). The project had two primary aims: firstly, to attempt to value economically the health cost benefits associated with the quality of urban environments and secondly, to engage with those in control of urban development in the UK in order to determine what are the barriers to and opportunities for creating healthy urban environments, including those identified through the utilisation of economic valuation. Engagement at senior level with those who have most control over key facets of planning and development implementation—such as land disposal, investment, development delivery and planning permission—was central to the approach, which encompassed the adoption of ‘elite interviewing’, a method developed in the USA in the 1950s and used in the political sciences but relatively unutilized in the health and environmental sciences [1]. Two rounds of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 senior decision-makers from the UK’s main urban development delivery agencies, both public and private. The ‘elite interviewing’ approach successfully enabled the UPSTREAM project to capture and analyse the information received from the interviewees, all of whom held influential or leadership posts in organisations that are important actors in the process of planning, developing and constructing the built environment in the UK. Having academic and practitioner research leads on an equal footing created some minor tensions, but it also appeared to strengthen the rigor of the approach through a broad knowledge of context ‘in-house’. This form of co-production at times challenged academic traditions in qualitative analysis, but it also appeared to build trust with interviewees and provided greater clarity of the real-world context under investigation. Findings from this study are written up in a separate paper.