bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity
Authors: Tan Hui-Lan , Guan Xiao-Hui , Hu Min , Wu Jie , Li Rong-Zhen , Wang Ling-Fang , Huang Hou-Da , Yu Zhen-Ping , Wang Xiao-Yu , Xiao Yun-Fei , Deng Ke-Yu , Xin Hong-Bo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a metabolic disorder syndrome characterized by excessive fat accumulation that is related to many diseases. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have a great potential for cell-based therapy due to their characteristics such as pluripotency, low immunogenicity, no tumorigenicity, potent paracrine effects, and no ethical concern. Recently, we observed that both hAMSCs and their conditioned medium (hAMSCs-CM) efficiently repaired skin injury, inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma, and alleviated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes. However, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of hAMSCs-CM on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity were not explored.

Methods
The characteristics of hAMSCs were confirmed by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Obese mice were induced by administrating HFD for 15 weeks and simultaneously, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with hAMSCs-CM weekly to evaluate the effects of hAMSCs-CM on HFD-induced obesity. GTT and ITT assays were used to assess the effects of hAMSCs-CM on HFD-induced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The lipid accumulation and adipocytes hypertrophy in mouse adipose tissues were determined by histological staining, in which the alterations of blood lipid, liver, and kidney function were also examined. The role of hAMSCs-CM in energy homeostasis was monitored by examining the oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and food and water intake in mice. Furthermore, the expressions of the genes related to glucose metabolism, fatty acid β oxidation, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and inflammation were determined by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. The roles of hAMSCs-CM in adipogenesis and M1/M2 macrophage polarization were investigated with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or RAW264.7 cells in vitro.

Results
hAMSCs-CM significantly restrained HFD-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promoting energy expenditure, and reducing inflammation. The underlying mechanisms of the anti-obesity of hAMSCs-CM might be involved in inhibiting PPARγ and C/EBPα-mediated lipid synthesis and adipogenesis, promoting GLUT4-mediated glucose metabolism, elevating UCP1/PPARα/PGC1α-regulated energy expenditure, and enhancing STAT3-ARG1-mediated M2-type macrophage polarization.

Conclusion
Our studies demonstrated that hAMSCs significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity through their paracrine effects. Obviously, our results open up an attractive therapeutic modality for the prevention and treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders clinically.

Graphic Abstract
The cytokines, exosomes, or micro-vesicles secreted from hAMSCs significantly inhibited HFD-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting lipid production and adipogenesis, promoting energy consumption, and reducing inflammation.
Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut
Authors: Vermeire Bjarne , Gonzalez Liara M. , Jansens Robert J. J. , Cox Eric , Devriendt Bert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.
Classroom student posture recognition based on an improved high-resolution network
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Zhu Tao , Ning Huansheng , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the large number of students in a typical classroom and crowded seating, most features of student posture are often obscured, making it difficult to balance the accuracy in identifying student postures with computational efficiency. To solve this issue, a novel classroom student posture recognition method is proposed. First, to recognize the poses of multiple students in the classroom, we use the you-only-look-once (YOLOv3) algorithm for object detection and retrain it to detect human objects that are hunching on a table, creating the pose estimation network. Next, to improve the accuracy of the pose estimation network, we use the squeeze-and-excitation network structure that is embedded in the residual structure of high-resolution networks (HRNet). Finally, with the improved HRNet algorithm’s outputs of key human body points, we design a pose classification algorithm based on a support vector machine, to classify human poses in the classroom. Experiments show that the improved HRNet multi-person pose estimation algorithm yields the best mean average precision performance of 73.76% on the common objects in context (COCO) validation dataset. We further test the proposed algorithm on a customer dataset collected in a classroom and achieved a high recognition rate of 90.1% and good robustness.
A nonstandard finite difference scheme for the modeling and nonidentical synchronization of a novel fractional chaotic system
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Zibaei Sadegh , Namjoo Mehran , Jajarmi Amin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce and analyze a novel fractional chaotic system including quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. We take into account the Caputo derivative for the fractional model and study the stability of the equilibrium points by the fractional Routh–Hurwitz criteria. We also utilize an efficient nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme to implement the new model and investigate its chaotic behavior in both time-domain and phase-plane. According to the obtained results, we find that the new model portrays both chaotic and nonchaotic behaviors for different values of the fractional order, so that the lowest order in which the system remains chaotic is found via the numerical simulations. Afterward, a nonidentical synchronization is applied between the presented model and the fractional Volta equations using an active control technique. The numerical simulations of the master, the slave, and the error dynamics using the NSFD scheme are plotted showing that the synchronization is achieved properly, an outcome which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed active control strategy.
Fixed point results for rational contraction in function weighted dislocated quasi-metric spaces with an application
Authors: Shoaib Abdullah , Mahmood Qasim , Shahzad Aqeel , Noorani Mohd Salmi Md , Radenović Stojan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to introduce function weighted L-R-complete dislocated quasi-metric spaces and to present fixed point results fulfilling generalized rational type F-contraction for a multivalued mapping in these spaces. A suitable example confirms our results. We also present an application for a generalized class of nonlinear integral equations. Our results generalize and extend the results of Karapınar et al. (IEEE Access 7:89026–89032, 2019).
Unified multivalued interpolative Reich–Rus–Ćirić-type contractions
Authors: Alansari Monairah , Ali Muhammad Usman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines new multivalued interpolative Reich–Rus–Ćirić-type contraction conditions and fixed point results for multivalued maps that fulfill these conditions. Earlier defined interpolative contraction type conditions cannot be particularized to any contraction type condition. This slackness of the interpolative contraction type condition is addressed through new multivalued interpolative Reich–Rus–Ćirić-type contraction conditions.
Effects of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal treatments for eating disorders: a meta-analytic inquiry into the role of patient characteristics and change in eating disorder-specific and general psychopathology in remission
Authors: Moberg Leif Tore , Solvang Birgitte , Sæle Rannveig Grøm , Myrvang Anna Dahl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapies (PIT) are two widely used and conceptually different outpatient treatments for eating disorders (EDs). To better understand how these treatments works, for whom, and under what circumstances, there is a need for knowledge about how outcomes are affected by diagnosis, comorbidity, changes in psychopathology, and study design.MethodReports on the effects of CBT and PIT for eating disorders were searched. Rates of remission and changes in ED specific- and general psychopathology were computed. Regression models were made to predict event rates by changes in specific- and general psychopathology, as well as ED diagnosis and study design.ResultsThe remission rate of CBT for binge eating disorder was 50%, significantly higher than the effect for other diagnostic groups (anorexia = 33%, bulimia: 28%, mixed samples 30%). The number of studies found for PIT was limited. All effect sizes differed from zero (binge eating disorder = 27%, anorexia = 24%, bulimia = 18%, mixed samples = 15%), but the precision of the estimates was low, with some lower-bound confidence intervals close to zero. For CBT, change in ED specific psychopathology predicted remission only when controlling for ED diagnosis, while change in general psychopathology did not predict remission at all. The predictive value of change in psychopathology for PIT, and the potential impact of comorbid personality disorders could not be analyzed due to a lack of studies. There was no difference in effects between randomized controlled trials and observational studies.ConclusionsCBT showed consistent remission rates for all EDs but left a substantial number of patients not in remission. Extant evidence suggest that PIT is not consistently effective in achieving remission for patients with EDs, although this finding is uncertain due to a small number of eligible studies. A group of patients with eating disorders may, however, require therapy aimed at strengthening deficits in self functions not easily ameliorable by cognitive behavioral techniques alone. Further research should be aimed at identifying treatment interventions that helps patients change behavior, while strengthening self-functions to substitute eating-disordered behavior in the long-term.
Cost-effectiveness of specialist eating disorders services for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a national surveillance study
Authors: Byford Sarah , Petkova Hristina , Barrett Barbara , Ford Tamsin , Nicholls Dasha , Simic Mima , Gowers Simon , Macdonald Geraldine , Stuart Ruth , Livingstone Nuala , Kelly Grace , Kelly Jonathan , Joshi Kandarp , Smith Helen , Eisler Ivan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests specialist eating disorders services for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa have the potential to improve outcomes and reduce costs through reduced hospital admissions. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of assessment and diagnosis in community-based specialist child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) compared to generic CAMHS for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Method
Observational, surveillance study of children and adolescents aged 8 to 17, in contact with community-based CAMHS in the UK or Republic of Ireland for a first episode of anorexia nervosa. Data were reported by clinicians at baseline, 6 and 12-months follow-up. Outcomes included the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and percentage of median expected body mass for age and sex (%mBMI). Service use data included paediatric and psychiatric inpatient admissions, outpatient and day-patient attendances. A joint distribution of incremental mean costs and effects for each group was generated using bootstrapping to explore the probability that each service is the optimal choice, subject to a range of values a decision-maker might be willing to pay for outcome improvements. Uncertainty was explored using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.

Results
Two hundred ninety-eight children and adolescents met inclusion criteria. At 12-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in total costs or outcomes between specialist eating disorders services and generic CAMHS. However, adjustment for pre-specified baseline covariates resulted in observed differences favouring specialist services, due to significantly poorer clinical status of the specialist group at baseline. Cost-effectiveness analysis using CGAS suggests that the probability of assessment in a specialist service being cost-effective compared to generic CAMHS ranges from 90 to 50%, dependent on willingness to pay for improvements in outcome.

Conclusions
Assessment in a specialist eating disorders service for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa may have a higher probability of being cost-effective than assessment in generic CAMHS.

Trial registration
ISRCTN12676087. Date of registration 07/01/2014.
CT based PSI blocks for osteotomies around the knee provide accurate results when intraoperative imaging is used
Authors: Savov Peter , Hold Mara , Petri Maximilian , Horstmann Hauke , von Falck Christian , Ettinger Max 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Correction osteotomies around the knee are common methods for the treatment of varus or valgus malalignment of the lower extremity. In recent years, patient specific instrumentation (PSI) guides were introduced in order to enhance the accuracy of these procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of CT based PSI guides for correction osteotomies around the knee of low volume osteotomy surgeons and to evaluate if CT based PSI blocks deliver a high degree of accuracy without using intraoperative fluoroscopy.

Methods
Two study arms with CT based PSI cutting blocks for osteotomies around the knee were conducted. Part one: A retrospective analysis of 19 osteotomies was made in order to evaluate the accuracy in the hands of a low volume surgeon on long-leg radiographs. Part two: A cadaveric study with 8 knees was performed for the purpose of analyzing the accuracy without using intraoperative fluoroscopy on pre- and postoperative CT scans. Hip-Knee-Ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were analyzed. The mean absolute delta (∂) between the planned and postoperative parameters were calculated. The accuracy of both study arms were compared.

Results
Part one: The mean MPTA ∂, LDFA ∂ and HKA ∂ was 0.9°, 1.9° and 1.5°, respectively. Part two: The mean MPTA ∂ and LDFA ∂ was 3.5° and 2.2°, respectively. The mean ∂ of MPTA is significantly different between clinical patients with fluoroscopic control and cadaveric specimens without fluoroscopic control (P < 0.001). All surgeries were performed without complications such as a hinge fracture.

Conclusion
The clinical use of PSI guides for osteotomies around the knee in the hands of low volume surgeons is a safe procedure. The PSI guides deliver a reliable accuracy under fluoroscopic control whereas their non-use of intraoperative fluoroscopy leads to a lack of accuracy. The use of fluoroscopic control during PSI guided correction osteotomies is highly recommended.

Level of evidence
IV – Retrospective and experimental Study
Does practice of meniscus surgery change over time? A report of the 2021 ‘THE MENISCUS’ Webinar
Authors: Jacquet Christophe , Mouton Caroline , Becker Roland , Koga Hideyuki , Ollivier Matthieu , Verdonk Peter , Beaufils Philippe , Seil Romain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper was to report the results presented in the session “Does practice of meniscus surgery change over time?” of the 2021 MENISCUS webinar held online on January 30th 2021.

Method
During the 2021 MENISCUS webinar, an evaluation of meniscus surgery practices was performed by analyzing: (1) The presentation of the results of a survey conducted among ESSKA members and assessing their current practices in the field of meniscus surgery, (2) Four reports by national experts analyzing the trends in Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy (APM) and meniscus repair procedures in their respective countries (France, Belgium, Germany and Japan).

Results
(1) ESSKA Survey: Among the 461 respondents, 75% of surgeons claimed to perform more meniscus repairs and 85% less APM than 5 years ago. In ACL-associated meniscus injuries, a majority of surgeons (60%) indicated to perform a meniscal resection in less than 25% of cases. 25% declared to perform meniscus repair in ACL-associated meniscus injuries in less than 25% of cases and 37% in more than 50% of cases. Half of the respondents repair medial or lateral root tears in less than 25% of cases. Less than 20% of respondents were not familiar with the ESSKA consensus.
(2) National trends: In France, between 2005 and 2017, the APM rate decreased by 21.4%, while the repair rate increased by 320%. In Belgium, between 2007 and 2017, the APM rate decreased by 28.6%. In Germany, between 2010 and 2017 the number of APM decreased by 30%, while the number of repair procedures increased by 55%. Finally, in Japan, between 2011 and 2016, the APM ratio (APM/meniscus procedures) decreased by 16% from 91 to 75% while the repair ratio increased from 9 to 25%.

Conclusion
The 2021 ESSKA members' survey as well as statistics from 4 specifically examined countries (Belgium, France, Germany and Japan) suggest there has been a significant shift over the last years in the surgical management of meniscal lesions towards less APM and more conservative treatments.
Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review
Authors: Alves Mylena Aparecida Rodrigues , de Souza Lencina Marcus Vinicius , Paes Mayara Juliana , Stefanello Joice Mara Facco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCollective efficacy, defined as a group’s shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.
Motion disrupts dynamic visual search for an orientation change
Authors: Crowe Emily M. , Howard Christina J. , Gilchrist Iain D. , Kent Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisual search in dynamic environments, for example lifeguarding or CCTV monitoring, has several fundamentally different properties to standard visual search tasks. The visual environment is constantly moving, a range of items could become targets and the task is to search for a certain event. We developed a novel task in which participants were required to search static and moving displays for an orientation change thus capturing components of visual search, multiple object tracking and change detection paradigms. In Experiment 1, we found that the addition of moving distractors slowed participants’ response time to detect an orientation changes in a moving target, showing that the motion of distractors disrupts the rapid detection of orientation changes in a moving target. In Experiment 2 we found that, in displays of both moving and static objects, response time was slower if a moving object underwent a change than if a static object did, thus demonstrating that motion of the target itself also disrupts the detection of an orientation change. Our results could have implications for training in real-world occupations where the task is to search a dynamic environment for a critical event. Moreover, we add to the literature highlighting the need to develop lab-based tasks with high experimental control from any real-world tasks researchers may wish to investigate rather than extrapolating from static visual search tasks to more dynamic environments.
The value of the patient global health assessment in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a nested cohort study
Authors: Trachtman Rebecca , Issa Rula , Pan Stephanie , Wilson Karen M. , Lovell Daniel J. , Onel Karen B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objectives were: 1) to explore the discordance between the Patient Global Health Assessment (PtGA) scores, the Physician Global Health Assessment (PhGA) scores, and Pain scores; and 2) to explore whether the PtGA during disease remission is associated with future disease flare in pJIA.

Methods
Data from an NIH funded clinical trial (NCT00792233) evaluating flare were used (N = 137). PtGA, PhGA, and Pain scores were assessed. Flare was defined as any active arthritis. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results
122 patients had records of flare status, of which 63 developed flare, and 42 of these patients had a visit immediately prior to flare. For study subjects with a visit immediately prior to flare, the PtGA, pain scores, and PhGA all increased at time of flare. For every unit increase in PtGA and Pain scores, there was a 9% and 23% higher odds of developing flare, respectively (p = 0.76, p = 0.40). For every unit increase in the PhGA score, there was a substantially lower odds of developing flare (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the PtGA and Pain scores are strongly correlated with each other and increased at the visit prior to flare, while the PhGA scores are not. Further, the PtGA and Pain score have some predictive value for flare, while the PhGA does not. These findings highlight the value of patient input in medical care and decision-making, and support the development and use of more sophisticated PROs in the care of JIA patients.