bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase is involved in fine regulation of flowering time in winter wheat
Authors: Fan Min , Miao Fang , Jia Haiyan , Li Genqiao , Powers Carol , Nagarajan Ragupathi , Alderman Phillip D. , Carver Brett F. , Ma Zhengqiang , Yan Liuling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVernalization genes underlying dramatic differences in flowering time between spring wheat and winter wheat have been studied extensively, but little is known about genes that regulate subtler differences in flowering time among winter wheat cultivars, which account for approximately 75% of wheat grown worldwide. Here, we identify a gene encoding an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) that differentiates heading date between winter wheat cultivars Duster and Billings. We clone this TaOGT1 gene from a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading date in a mapping population derived from these two bread wheat cultivars and analyzed in various environments. Transgenic complementation analysis shows that constitutive overexpression of TaOGT1b from Billings accelerates the heading of transgenic Duster plants. TaOGT1 is able to transfer an O-GlcNAc group to wheat protein TaGRP2. Our findings establish important roles for TaOGT1 in winter wheat in adaptation to global warming in the future climate scenarios.
Gallium nitride catalyzed the direct hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to dimethyl ether as primary product
Authors: Liu Chang , Kang Jincan , Huang Zheng-Qing , Song Yong-Hong , Xiao Yong-Shan , Song Jian , He Jia-Xin , Chang Chun-Ran , Ge Han-Qing , Wang Ye , Liu Zhao-Tie , Liu Zhong-Wen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of CO2to value-added chemicals is attractive but still challenged by the high-performance catalyst. In this work, we report that gallium nitride (GaN) catalyzes the direct hydrogenation of CO2to dimethyl ether (DME) with a CO-free selectivity of about 80%. The activity of GaN for the hydrogenation of CO2is much higher than that for the hydrogenation of CO although the product distribution is very similar. The steady-state and transient experimental results, spectroscopic studies, and density functional theory calculations rigorously reveal that DME is produced as the primary product via the methyl and formate intermediates, which are formed over different planes of GaN with similar activation energies. This essentially differs from the traditional DME synthesis via the methanol intermediate over a hybrid catalyst. The present work offers a different catalyst capable of the direct hydrogenation of CO2to DME and thus enriches the chemistry for CO2transformations.
Detecting protein and DNA/RNA structures in cryo-EM maps of intermediate resolution using deep learning
Authors: Wang Xiao , Alnabati Eman , Aderinwale Tunde W. , Maddhuri Venkata Subramaniya Sai Raghavendra , Terashi Genki , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of density maps of macromolecular structures, including proteins and DNA/RNA complexes, have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Although lately maps at a near-atomic resolution are routinely reported, there are still substantial fractions of maps determined at intermediate or low resolutions, where extracting structure information is not trivial. Here, we report a new computational method, Emap2sec+, which identifies DNA or RNA as well as the secondary structures of proteins in cryo-EM maps of 5 to 10 Å resolution. Emap2sec+ employs the deep Residual convolutional neural network. Emap2sec+ assigns structural labels with associated probabilities at each voxel in a cryo-EM map, which will help structure modeling in an EM map. Emap2sec+ showed stable and high assignment accuracy for nucleotides in low resolution maps and improved performance for protein secondary structure assignments than its earlier version when tested on simulated and experimental maps.
A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss
Authors: Oschlies Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLess than a quarter of ocean deoxygenation that will ultimately be caused by historical CO2 emissions is already realized, according to millennial-scale model simulations that assume zero CO2 emissions from year 2021 onwards. About 80% of the committed oxygen loss occurs below 2000 m depth, where a more sluggish overturning circulation will increase water residence times and accumulation of respiratory oxygen demand. According to the model results, the deep ocean will thereby lose more than 10% of its pre-industrial oxygen content even if CO2 emissions and thus global warming were stopped today. In the surface layer, however, the ongoing deoxygenation will largely stop once CO2 emissions are stopped. Accounting for the joint effects of committed oxygen loss and ocean warming, metabolic viability representative for marine animals declines by up to 25% over large regions of the deep ocean, posing an unavoidable escalation of anthropogenic pressure on deep-ocean ecosystems.
TREM2 is a receptor for non-glycosylated mycolic acids of mycobacteria that limits anti-mycobacterial macrophage activation
Authors: Iizasa Ei’ichi , Chuma Yasushi , Uematsu Takayuki , Kubota Mio , Kawaguchi Hiroaki , Umemura Masayuki , Toyonaga Kenji , Kiyohara Hideyasu , Yano Ikuya , Colonna Marco , Sugita Masahiko , Matsuzaki Goro , Yamasaki Sho , Yoshida Hiroki , Hara Hiromitsu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids elicit an anti-mycobacterial immune response via FcRγ-associated C-type lectin receptors, including Mincle, and caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). Additionally, mycobacteria harbor immuno-evasive cell-wall lipids associated with virulence and latency; however, a mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that the DAP12-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) recognizes mycobacterial cell-wall mycolic acid (MA)-containing lipids and suggest a mechanism by which mycobacteria control host immunity via TREM2. Macrophages respond to glycosylated MA-containing lipids in a Mincle/FcRγ/CARD9-dependent manner to produce inflammatory cytokines and recruit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive mycobactericidal macrophages. Conversely, macrophages respond to non-glycosylated MAs in a TREM2/DAP12-dependent but CARD9-independent manner to recruit iNOS-negative mycobacterium-permissive macrophages. Furthermore, TREM2 deletion enhances Mincle-induced macrophage activation in vitro and inflammation in vivo and accelerates the elimination of mycobacterial infection, suggesting that TREM2-DAP12 signaling counteracts Mincle-FcRγ-CARD9-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. Mycobacteria, therefore, harness TREM2 for immune evasion.
DUSP16 promotes cancer chemoresistance through regulation of mitochondria-mediated cell death
Authors: Low Heng Boon , Wong Zhen Lim , Wu Bangyuan , Kong Li Ren , Png Chin Wen , Cho Yik-Lam , Li Chun-Wei , Xiao Fengchun , Xin Xuan , Yang Henry , Loo Jia Min , Lee Fiona Yi Xin , Tan Iain Bee Huat , DasGupta Ramanuj , Shen Han-Ming , Schwarz Herbert , Gascoigne Nicholas R. J. , Goh Boon Cher , Xu Xiaohong , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrug resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of most human tumors. In this study, we find that dual-specificity phosphatase 16 (DUSP16) regulates resistance to chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric and breast cancer. Cancer cells expressing higher DUSP16 are intrinsically more resistant to chemotherapy-induced cell death than cells with lower DUSP16 expression. Overexpression of DUSP16 in cancer cells leads to increased resistance to cell death upon chemotherapy treatment. In contrast, knockdown of DUSP16 in cancer cells increases their sensitivity to treatment. Mechanistically, DUSP16 inhibits JNK and p38 activation, thereby reducing BAX accumulation in mitochondria to reduce apoptosis. Analysis of patient survival in head & neck cancer and breast cancer patient cohorts supports DUSP16 as a marker for sensitivity to chemotherapy and therapeutic outcome. This study therefore identifies DUSP16 as a prognostic marker for the efficacy of chemotherapy, and as a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer.
multiSLIDE is a web server for exploring connected elements of biological pathways in multi-omics data
Authors: Ghosh Soumita , Datta Abhik , Choi Hyungwon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantitative multi-omics data are difficult to interpret and visualize due to large volume of data, complexity among data features, and heterogeneity of information represented by different omics platforms. Here, we present multiSLIDE, a web-based interactive tool for the simultaneous visualization of interconnected molecular features in heatmaps of multi-omics data sets. multiSLIDE visualizes biologically connected molecular features by keyword search of pathways or genes, offering convenient functionalities to query, rearrange, filter, and cluster data on a web browser in real time. Various querying mechanisms make it adaptable to diverse omics types, and visualizations are customizable. We demonstrate the versatility of multiSLIDE through three examples, showcasing its applicability to a wide range of multi-omics data sets, by allowing users to visualize established links between molecules from different omics data, as well as incorporate custom inter-molecular relationship information into the visualization. Online and stand-alone versions of multiSLIDE are available at https://github.com/soumitag/multiSLIDE.
Specific contribution of neurons from the Dbx1 lineage to the piriform cortex
Authors: Shabangu Thando , Chen Hung-Lun , Zhuang Zi-hui , Pierani Alessandra , Chen Chien-Fu F. , Chou Shen-Ju 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe piriform cortex (PC) is a major cortical processing center for the sense of smell that receives direct inputs from the olfactory bulb. In mice, the PC consists of three neuronal layers, which are populated by cells with distinct developmental origins. One origin of PC neurons is the pool of Dbx1-expressing neural progenitors located in the ventral pallium at the pallial-subpallial boundary. Since the precise mechanisms of PC neuron development are largely unknown, we sought to define the distribution, timing of neurogenesis, morphology and projection patterns of PC neurons from the Dbx1 lineage. We found that Dbx1-lineage neurons are preferentially distributed in layer 2 and enriched in the ventral portion of the PC. Further, Dbx1 neurons are early-born neurons and contribute to most neuronal subtypes in the PC. Our data also revealed an enrichment of Dbx1-lineage neurons in the ventral anterior PC that project to the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a specific association between the developmental origin of PC neurons and their neuronal properties.
Evaluation of the C60 biodistribution in mice in a micellar ExtraOx form and in an oil solution
Authors: Semenov Konstantin N. , Ivanova Daria A. , Ageev Sergei V. , Petrov Andrey V. , Podolsky Nikita E. , Volochaeva Ekaterina M. , Fedorova Ekaterina M. , Meshcheriakov Anatolii A. , Zakharov Egor E. , Murin Igor V. , Sharoyko Vladimir V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article is devoted to the study of the pharmacokinetics of fullerene C60 in oil and micellar forms, analysis of its content in blood, liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, brain, adrenal glands, thymus, testicles, and spleen. The highest accumulation of C60 was found in the liver and adrenal glands. As a result of the studies carried out, it was shown that the bioavailability of C60 in the micellar form is higher than that in an oil solution.
Structural equation modeling to shed light on the controversial role of climate on the spread of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Spada Alessia , Tucci Francesco Antonio , Ummarino Aldo , Ciavarella Paolo Pio , Calà Nicholas , Troiano Vincenzo , Caputo Michele , Ianzano Raffaele , Corbo Silvia , de Biase Marco , Fascia Nicola , Forte Chiara , Gambacorta Giorgio , Maccione Gabriele , Prencipe Giuseppina , Tomaiuolo Michele , Tucci Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate seems to influence the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but the findings of the studies performed so far are conflicting. To overcome these issues, we performed a global scale study considering 134,871 virologic-climatic-demographic data (209 countries, first 16 weeks of the pandemic). To analyze the relation among COVID-19, population density, and climate, a theoretical path diagram was hypothesized and tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), a powerful statistical technique for the evaluation of causal assumptions. The results of the analysis showed that both climate and population density significantly influence the spread of COVID-19 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Overall, climate outweighs population density (path coefficients: climate vs. incidence = 0.18, climate vs. prevalence = 0.11, population density vs. incidence = 0.04, population density vs. prevalence = 0.05). Among the climatic factors, irradiation plays the most relevant role, with a factor-loading of − 0.77, followed by temperature (− 0.56), humidity (0.52), precipitation (0.44), and pressure (0.073); for all p < 0.001. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that climatic factors significantly influence the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, demographic factors, together with other determinants, can affect the transmission, and their influence may overcome the protective effect of climate, where favourable.
Electron guiding in macroscopic borosilicate capillaries with large bending angles
Authors: Nguyen Hai-Dang , Wulfkühler Jan-Philipp , Heisig Jörg , Tajmar Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work presents experiments about the transmission of electrons with an energy of around 15 keV with beam currents up to 20 µA through macroscopic glass capillaries. A systematic study was conducted to experimentally investigate the transmission of electrons through borosilicate glass capillaries with curve angles of 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° for the first time. The focus of the work was to identify the conditions under which the injected electron current is transmitted through the capillary. It was also shown that the transmission process in the macroscopic capillaries can be optically observed by cathodoluminescence—the interaction of electrons with the capillary surface causes locally a blue glow. Different distinctive “glow states” were observed and are found to correlate with different states of electron transmission.
Multi-omic analyses in Abyssinian cats with primary renal amyloid deposits
Authors: Genova Francesca , Nonnis Simona , Maffioli Elisa , Tedeschi Gabriella , Strillacci Maria Giuseppina , Carisetti Michela , Sironi Giuseppe , Cupaioli Francesca Anna , Di Nanni Noemi , Mezzelani Alessandra , Mosca Ettore , Helps Christopher R. , Leegwater Peter A. J. , Dorso Laetitia ,   99 Lives Consortium, Buckley Reuben M. , Aberdein Danielle , Alves Paulo C. , Andersson Asa Ohlsson , Barsh Gregory S. , Bellone Rebecca R. , Bergström Tomas F. , Boyko Adam R. , Brockman Jeffrey A. , Casal Margret L. , Castelhano Marta G. , Distl Ottmar , Dodman Nicholas H. , Ellinwood N. Matthew , Fogle Jonathan E. , Forman Oliver P. , Garrick Dorian J. , Ginns Edward I. , Haase Bianca , Häggström Jens , Harvey Robert J. , Hasegawa Daisuke , Hernandez Isabel , Hytönen Marjo K. , Kaukonen Maria , Kaelin Christopher B. , Kosho Tomoki , Leclerc Emilie , Lear Teri L. , Leeb Tosso , Li Ronald H. L. , Lohi Hannes , Magnuson Mark A. , Malik Richard , Mane Shrinivasrao P. , Munday John S. , Murphy William J. , Pedersen Niels C. , Peterson-Jones Simon M. , Rothschild Max F. , Rusbridge Clare , Shapiro Beth , Stern Joshua A. , Swanson William F. , Terio Karen A. , Todhunter Rory J. , Warren Wesley C. , Wilcox Elizabeth A. , Wildschutte Julia H. , Yu Yoshihiko , Lyons Leslie A. , Longeri Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe amyloidoses constitute a group of diseases occurring in humans and animals that are characterized by abnormal deposits of aggregated proteins in organs, affecting their structure and function. In the Abyssinian cat breed, a familial form of renal amyloidosis has been described. In this study, multi-omics analyses were applied and integrated to explore some aspects of the unknown pathogenetic processes in cats. Whole-genome sequences of two affected Abyssinians and 195 controls of other breeds (part of the 99 Lives initiative) were screened to prioritize potential disease-associated variants. Proteome and miRNAome from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney specimens of fully necropsied Abyssinian cats, three affected and three non-amyloidosis-affected were characterized. While the trigger of the disorder remains unclear, overall, (i) 35,960 genomic variants were detected; (ii) 215 and 56 proteins were identified as exclusive or overexpressed in the affected and control kidneys, respectively; (iii) 60 miRNAs were differentially expressed, 20 of which are newly described. With omics data integration, the general conclusions are: (i) the familial amyloid renal form in Abyssinians is not a simple monogenic trait; (ii) amyloid deposition is not triggered by mutated amyloidogenic proteins but is a mix of proteins codified by wild-type genes; (iii) the form is biochemically classifiable as AA amyloidosis.
Functional disability is related to serum chemerin levels in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vazquez-Villegas Maria Luisa , Gamez-Nava Jorge I. , Saldaña-Cruz A. Miriam , Celis Alfredo , Sanchez-Rodriguez Esther N. , Perez-Guerrero Edsaul Emilio , Ramirez-Villafaña Melissa , Nava-Valdivia Cesar Arturo , Contreras-Haro Betsabe , Vasquez-Jimenez Jose C. , Ponce-Guarneros Juan M. , Barocio-Ramirez Ana K. , Cerpa-Cruz Sergio , Alcaraz-Lopez Miriam F. , Gonzalez-Lopez Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdipokines, especially chemerin, can interact with cytokines and other molecules in inflammation. To date, there is insufficient information regarding a possible correlation between functional disability and chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify the association of functional disability with serum chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules, including other adipokines, cytokines and E-selectin, in patients with RA. Cross-sectional study. Assessment: disease activity (DAS28-ESR) and functional disability (HAQ-DI). We compared the adipokines (chemerin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and E-selectin levels between RA with functional disability and RA non-disabled patients. Of 82 patients with RA, 43 (52%) had functional disability. The RA with functional disability group had higher chemerin (140 vs. 112 ng/mL, p = 0.007) than the non-disabled RA group. Chemerin correlated with the HAQ-DI (rho = 0.27, p = 0.02) and DAS28-ESR (rho = 0.21, p = 0.05). Severe activity correlated with IL-6 (rho = 0.33, p = 0.003) and E-selectin (rho = 0.23, p = 0.03) but not with disability. No other pro-inflammatory molecules correlated with HAQ-DI. High chemerin levels were associated with functional disability in RA, whereas no other molecules correlated with loss of function. These results encourage further studies assessing new roles of chemerin as a marker of impairment in RA.
The neurodevelopment of delay discounting for monetary rewards in pre-adolescent children
Authors: Yu Mei , Liu Tongran , Shangguan Fangfang , Sui Jingxin , Shi Jiannong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChildren are found to exhibit high degrees of delay discounting compared with adults in many delay discounting studies, which might be due to the asynchronous development of “bottom-up” and “top-down” neural systems. However, the temporal dynamics associated with the two systems in the development of delay discounting processes are not well known. In this study, we chose two age groups of participants and adopted event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate the neural dynamic differences between children and adults during delay discounting processes. Behavioral findings showed that children discounted more than adults and chose more immediate choices. Electrophysiological findings revealed that children exhibited longer neural processing (longer P2 latency) than adults during the early detection and identification phase. Children showed less cognitive control (smaller N2 amplitude) than adults over the middle frontal areas, and they devoted more neural effort (larger P3 amplitudes) to making final choices than adults. The factors of reward amount and time delay could influence the development of delay discounting in children.
Long-term demise of sub-Antarctic glaciers modulated by the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies
Authors: Bakke Jostein , Paasche Øyvind , Schaefer Joerg M , Timmermann Axel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe accelerated melting of ice on the Antarctic Peninsula and islands in the sub-Antarctic suggests that the cryosphere is edging towards an irreversible tipping point. How unusual is this trend of ice loss within the frame of natural variability, and to what extent can it be explained by underlying climate dynamics? Here, we present new high-resolution reconstructions of long-term changes in the extents of three glaciers on the island of South Georgia (54°S, 36°W), combining detailed analyses of glacial-derived sediments deposited in distal glacier-fed lakes and cosmogenic exposure dating of moraines. We document that the glaciers of South Georgia have gradually retracted since the Antarctic cold reversal (ACR, 14.5–12.8 ka), culminating in the disappearance of at least one of the reconstructed glaciers. The glacier retreat pattern observed in South Georgia suggests a persistent link to summer insolation at 55°S, which intensified during the period from the ACR to approximately 2 ka. It also reveals multi-decadal to centennial climate shifts superimposed on this long-term trend that have resulted in at least nine glacier readvances during the last 10.5 ka. Accompanying meridional changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and their interconnection with local topography may explain these glacier readvances.