BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19
Authors:   BJS Commission Team, Abahuje E , Abbas A , Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud M , Abdelhady A , Abdelhamid S , Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj H , Abdelqader B , Abdou H , Abdullah A , Abedua Harrison M , Abem Owusu E , Aboalazayem A , Aboulhosn R , Abu Oda S , Abubakar A , Abutaka A , Acevedo Fontalvo D , Acuna S , Adefemi A , Adegbola S , Adenuga T , Adeyeye A , Adil Hilmi A , Aditya K , Adjeso T , Aftab R , Afzal A , Aggarwal V , Aggarwal A , Aguilera R , Aguilera-Arévalo M -L , Aguirre Salamanca E J , Aguirre-Allende I , Ahari D , Ahmad H , Ahmad Rauf F , Ahmad Zartasht Khan A , Ahmed S , Ahmed Fieturi N , Ahmed Mohamed S , Ahmed-Bakhsh Z , Ahsan Javed M , Akano L , Akbar A , Akhbari M , Akhmedov P , Aksit G , Akula Y , Al Majid S , Al Mukhtar O , Al Omran H , Al-Asali N , Al-Azzawi M , Al-Habsi R , Al-Iraqi H , Al-Naggar H , Alameer E , Albirnawi H , Aldulaijan F , Alejandro Miranda Ojeda R , AlHasan A , Ali S , Ali A , Ali Khan M , Alimova Y , Aljanadi F , Aljubure R , Allopi N , Almedbal H , Almubarak M , Alqaidoom Z , Alselaim N , Alshaar M , Alshammari R , Altaf K , Altıner S , Altunpak B , Alvarez Lozada L A , Amal Nahal E , Amer A , Amin K , Aminu U , Amisi Numbi N , Amjad T , Amoah R , An Y , Anastasopoulos N -A , Andrés Urrutia J , Angarita F , Angarita K -L , Ángel FreirÍa Eiras M , Antypas A , Anwar M A , Anwar H , Apampa T O , Apostolou K , Aquina C , Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni R , Archila Godínez M I , Arez O , Armonis P , Arshad S , Arshad Salman M , Arshid A , Arteaga Asensio P C , Arthur T , Arumuga Jothi A , Aryo Damara F , Asensio Gomez L , Ashcroft J , Ashraf S , Asif A , Asif A , Atif M , Attaullah Khan M , Avellaneda N , Awad S , Awadh M , Axiaq A , Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah A , Ayalew D , Aytac E , Azam F , Azevedo J , Azhar B , Aziz J , Aziz A , Azzam A , Baba Ndajiwo A , Baig M , Baker D , Bakko F , Balachandran R , Balachandran G , Balagizi Mudekereza J , Balai E , Balci B , Balduzzi A , Balhareth A , Bandyopadhyay S , Bandyopadhyay S , Banerjee D , Bangalore Mahalinga D , Bankhead-Kendall B , Bankole N D A , Banwell V , Baris Bengur F , Baris Ozmen B , Barnard M , Barnett R , Barreras Espinoza J A , Barrios A , Bass G , Bass M , Bausys A , Bavikatte A , Bayram J , Beamish A , Beattie C , Belia F , Bellato V , Bellikatti S , Benjamens S , Benlice C , Bennedsgaard S , Bennett S , Bentounsi Z , Bergenfeldt H , Bhandoria G , Bhatia M , Bhatti M T , Bilgili Z , Bislenghi G , Bisset C , Biswas S , Blake J , Blanco R , Boccalatte L , Boden R , Bojanic C , Boland M , Boland P , Bollen E , Bonci E -A , Booth A , Borakati A , Borunda Escudero G E , Bosco S J , Boström P , Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz P , Bouchagier K , Bouhuwaish A , Boutros M , Boyce K , Boyle C , Bradshaw L , Brandl A , Brar A , Brenkman H , Brennan C , Brines C , Brookmyre A , Brosnan C , Brouwers L , Brown A , Brown L , Brown C , Brown C , Brown J , BS V , Buksh M , Bunani Emmanuel M , Burbano D , Burelli A , Burke A , Burke J , Burlov N , Burns A , Burton O , Butt A , Buzra Ozkan B , Cabrera Silva L , Caicedo E Y , Calderbank T , Cambridge W , Campelo G , Can Tatar O , Carbone F , Carrano F , Casallas D , Casanova Portoles D , Casciani F , Cassimjee I , Castañeda Ramírez O A , Catalán V , Caviedes J , Cayetano L , Ceresoli M , Chan M , Chan V , Chandrasinghe P , Chapman S , Chaturvedi A , Chaudhry D , Chaudry H , Chen H W , Cheng A , Chernykh M , Cheruiyot I , Cheung J , Chia C , Chica J , Chinai N , Chirwa A , Chiwaligo J , Choi A , Choi J , Chowdhury M R , Christopher E , Christou N , Chu T , Chua D , Chua H W , Chung C , Cihat Yildirim A , Cillo M , Cioffi S , Claireaux H , Clermonts S , Clifford R , Climent M , Clynch A , Coelen R -J , Colás-Ruiz E , Collar A , Collard M , Connelly T , Connor K , Correia de Sá T , Coşgun Acar N , Costa T , Couch D , Cowper S , Creavin B , Crook B , Curell A , D’alessio R , Dale J , Damgaard Eriksen J , Dario Martin Gonzalez I , Darwish A , Das M , Das R , Das K , Dave R , David S O , Davies T , Davis C , Davison S , Davletshina V , Dawidziuk A , Dawson A , de Andres Crespo M , de Berker H , de Dieu Ngo P , de la Caridad Espinosa Luis R , de Lacy B , de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes A , De Silva S , del Rio C , Delaune V , Dell A , Demirbaş I , Demirli Atici S , Deniz Tepe M , Derebey M , Desai G , Desai M , Devarakonda S , Deveras N , Di Franco G , Di Martino M , Di Martino M , Di Marzo F , Díaz Á , Diaz del Gobbo G , Diaz-Castrillon C , Dick L , Dickinson K , Diego E , Dimasi I , Dingemans S , Dixon L , Dixon B , Doherty W , Dooreemeah D , Dornseifer M , Dossa F , Dossou W , Drake T , Drami I , Drevin G , du Plessis M C , Dudi-Venkata N , Dudley R , Duffy S , Duklas D , Dumbrava B -D , Duygu Avlar F , Dworzynska A , Ebrahim W , Ebrahim A , Efrén Lozada Hernández E , Ehigie N , El Boghdady M , El Hasnaoui C , El Sheikh M , El-Hussuna A , Eldurssi O , Elfeki H , Elhadi M , Elhassan M , Elhissi A , Elliot B , Elsenbroek C , Elsolh B , Elson N , Eltyeb H , Emerson H , Endalle G , English W , Ercisli C , Espinosa G , Essam Abdelraheem M , Essangri H , Etienne P , Evans T , Ezeme C , Ezzahraa F , Fadalla T , Fagan J , Fahmy M , Fairfield C , Falade O , Famularo S , Faqar-Uz-Zaman F , Farid Y , Farooq A , Farooq H , Farooqui F , Farquharson B , Faruqi A , Faulder R , Faut M , Fechner K , Feenstra T , Fehervari M , Fernandez L , Fernández Alberti J , Ferrario L , Field D , Fiore L , Fleming N , Fleming C , Florial E , Fok M , Fokin D , Foley M , Forero M P , Fornasiero M , Fowler H , Fowler G , Franchi E , Franklin L , Fredriksson Å , Fruhling P , Fuentes Navarrette G , Fülöp A , Furtado M , Galbraith N , Gallo G , Gana T , Gaskin E , Gasparini M , Gatan R G , Geary E , Gelaye Wudineh K , Gemenetzis G , Georgi M , Ghalige H , Ghareeb W , Ghatwary Tantawy T , Ghomsi C , Ghuman A , Giannakis P , Giron F , Gjengedal K , Gkotsis E , Glasbey J , Godahewa S , Godula D , Goffredo P , Goh S , Golriz M , Gomez L , Gomez Gomez D , Gonzalez R , Gonzalez D , Gonzalez Gutierrez E , Gopar D , Gordini L , Gori A , Gortázar S , Gousy N , Gowda R , Gowda M , Gqada J , Grechenig M , Greer J , Gregório L , Grigorova A , Grimes H , Groot V , Gruber R , Grüter A , Guest R , Gujjuri R , Gülçek E , Gulcu B , Gull K , Gulmez M , Gupta V , Gutlic A , Guven T , Gwatirisa T , Gwini G , Gwodog P , Gysling S , Habib M , Hafeez Bhatti A B , Hallesmith J , Hamza Sadiq M , Haney C , Hanna N , Hanna L , Hannington M , Harbjerg J , Haribaskaran D , Harran N , Harrington B , Hasan R , Hashmi S , Hassan M , Hassan M , Hassan A , Haverkamp L , Hazen S , Heer B , Heil J , Helliwell J , Henriksen N , Henshall D , Hermanson M , Hermena S , Hettiarachchi D , Hextall C , Hidalgo M , Hidayat H , Hider A , Higgins P , Hirani D , Hirpara D , Hisham I , Hite M , Hoh S M , Holmberg C , Hölmich E , Holst F , Hossam A , Hossam Elfallal A , Howard P , Huaman E , Huang Y , Huang L , Huang D , Huber T , Hugh J , Hughes J , Hüttner F , Huynh R , Hylands A , Iannuzzi J , Ielpo B , Iftikhar Talib A , Ignacio J , Ignatavicius P , Ike S , Ikwu C , Inama M , Ing A , Isik A , Islam N , AlHasan A J M S , Perez Rivera C J , Jácome F , Jaffer T , Jagiella-Lodise O , Jain M , Jain M , Jain K , Jakubauskas M , Jalal M , James H , Jang Y , Janssen B , Jansson H , Jariod-Ferrer Ú , Javanmard H , Javed S , Jayarajah U , Jayasuriya I , Je J , Jessop Z , Jia Lin Tang E , Jiang H , Jiayan Y , Jih Huei T , Jimenez-Rodriguez R , Joh D , Johnson A , Jones N , Jones C , Jordan C , José J , José Núñez Ju J , José Pizarro M , Jose Salazar C , Joseph J , Joseph J , Justiniano C , Kabir T , Kalfountzos C , Kalogiannaki E , Kalyanasundaram K , Kamarajah S , Kamil Quraishi M , Kapila A , Kapila V , Karagiannidis G , Kashif M , Kathiravelupillai S , Kathiravelupillai A , Katsogridakis E , Kaur K , Kaur Sekhon Inderjit Singh H , Kausur N , Kawka M , Keehan G , Kehlet Watt S , Kelly M , Kelvin Egbuchulem I , Kembuan G , Khajeh E , Khaled Elfaitur A , Khan M F , Khan S , Khan M , Khan D , Khan H , Khatkar H , Khaw R , Kim B , Kishore Siddiraju K , Kitua D , Kırımtay B , Kmezić S , Knight S , Knight S , Koëter T , Koh A , Koh Hong Xiang F , Kojo Anyomih T , Kokelaar R , Koliarakis I , Kolli S , Kong J , Kong J , König D , Koshy M , Kourdouli A , Kowal M , Kraima A , Kramer F , Kryzauskas M , Kuchynskyi I , Kuemmerli C , Kuiper S , Kumar S , Kumar A , Kumar A , Kumar L , Kumar H , Kumar N , Kumar S , Kumar Bandyopadhyay S , Kumar Garg P , Kumar Venkatappa S , Kung J , Kural S , Kushairi A , Kuuzie E , Kvietkauskas M , Kwek I , La J , Lai L , Lakpriya S , Lam K , Lami M , Lapolla P , Larsen H , Latif J , Laudari U , Laurnezi A , Lawal A , Lawday S , Lederhuber H , Lednev A , Lee R , Lee R , Lefevbre G , Lesmus M , Leyva Moraga F A , Leyva Moraga E , Leyva Moraga F , Li H L , Li Z , Licardie E , Light A , Lin A , Lincango E , Litta F , Liu H , Lofthouse B , Londoño M A , Lopes R , Lopes de Freitas R , Lopez L , López A I , Lopez-Gomez J , Lopez-Pena G , Lowe R , Lowe D , Lowey M , Loy G , Lozanovski V , Luzon J , Lynn P , Maccabe T , Machielsen A , Mafla Herrería C A , Maggino L , Mahmood D , Mahmoud M , Mahtani K , Maitra I , Maji S , Majiet I , Mal L , Mal L , Malherbe J , Malhotra K , Malkomes P , Man E , Manan Sheikh A , Manjunath S , Manzano Nuñez R , Manzoor S , Maqsood R , Marchegiani G , Marchegiani G , Marchegiani F , Marín D , Marin A , Marks I , Marks I , Marson E , Martensen A , Martin D , Martín Martín G , Martin-Perez B , Martinez P , Marwaha P , Mashauri C , Mashbari H , Masior Ł , Masri R , Masud L , Masudi S , Mateu Calabuig G , Math S , Matrachisia A , Mazingi D , Mazzotta A , McAlinden J , McCabe G , McColm L , McElvaney H , McGivern K , McGovern J , McGuinness E , McInerney N , Mckay S , McKee C , McKenna M , McKenna N , McLean K , Mediratta S , Medkova Y , Medzhidov O , Mehraj A , Mekhael M , Mekinde O , Mellenthin C , Melucci A , Mentor K , Merchant J , Messias H , Meza C , Mhango P , Miladinov M , Milagros Niquen Jimenez M , Miller P , Mills E , Milton A , Mischlinger H , Möckli B , Modi R , Mohamed H M , Mohamed M , Mohamed Abulghasm T , Mohammad S A , Mohammed T O , Mohammed A , Mohan H , Mohan M , Moin I , Mok V , Molina G , Moloney J , Moneim J , Monfort Mira M , Montcusí Ventura B , Montouri M , Moossdorff M , Mora-Guzmán I , Moran B , Morán R A R , Moreno-Ordaz S , Morera Á , Morgan R , Morley R , Moro-Valdezate D , Moros S , Moss J -L , Moynihan A , Moyón M , Muduli N , Mugla N , Mugla W , Müller P , Mun G , Mundhada R , Munir I , Muñoz F , Muñoz E , Muñoz A , Muñoz Balderas D C , Murgitroyd E , Murray V , Murthy S , Mushiwokufa W , Mustafa H , Mustakimov B , Mutambanengwe P , Myint P , Nadkarni S , Nadkarni S , Nahar S , Naidoo P , Nam R , Nandhra S , Nanjappa N , Narasimhan V , Nardi W , Nasir M , Nasir M , Naughton A , Naumann D , Navarro S , Nawaaz Karimbocus M , Nazir A , Ndereya S , Ndong A , Negoi I , Nel D , Nelson D , Nepal S , Neufeld J , Ng J , Ng J , Ng D , Ng C E , Ng J , Ngaserin S , Ngu L , Ngwenya E , Fhearaigh R N , Nikolousakis T -K , Ninkovic M , Nita G , Nitschke C , Noren E , Noton T , Novikova A , Nowinka Z , Nyakunengwa T , Nyalundja A , Nzenwa I , Kristensen H Ø , O’Brien L , O’Brien S , O’Reilly J , O’Rourke S , O’Sullivan M , O’Dwyer M , Ochieng L , Oderoha E , Oh K E , Öhlberger L , Ölçüm M , Olkina A , Omkumar M , Omnitel B , Oncel Yakar D , Ong K , Ong Wei Lin L , Ooi R , Ooi S , Oomman A , Oon Tyjet D , Opiyo S , Oscullo Yepez J J , Osei-kuffour N , Osunronbi T , Ottlakán A , Oussama Kacimi S , Ovaere S , Ozair A , Pachler F , Pai Oo S , Paiella S , Panaiotti L , Panda N , Pandarinath S , Pandey D , Pandrowala S , Pandrowala S , Papa Mamadou F , Paranathala M , Park J , Parmar C , Parvez A , Pasovic L , Pasquer A , Pasumarthy N , Pata F , Patel T , Patel P , Patel N , Patel M , Patel P , Patron Uriburu N , Patrone R , Paul A , Pavan Kumar O M , Pavithran A , Pedraza Ciro M , Peloso A , Peña Gallardo M T , Peña Velazquez A , Perea J , Pérez-Sánchez L E , Perra T , Perrotta G , Petersson P , Petra G , Petrucciani N , Pickin C , Pino V , Pinotti E , Pinto F , Plum P , Podesta F , Pollini T , Pompeu Sá M , Ponce Leon F , Ponniah H S , Ponte de Sousa X , Ponton J , Pontula A , Popa M , Portilla A L , Posner F , Potolicchio A , Pouwels S , Povo A , Prasad P , Preciado S , Preece R , Proud D , Pulido Segura J A , Puliyath N , Qui M , Quimbaya Rodríguez A S , Raby-Smith W , Racoviţă A , Radwan R , Rafaih Iqbal M , Rafik A , Raguan B , Rahi M , Rahiri J -L , Rahme J , Rai L , Raj A , Raj Saksena A , Raja M , Ramirez J , Ramzi J , Rao C , Rashid A , Ratnayake B , Rattanasirivilai K , Raubenheimer K , Ravikumar N , Ravn S , Razoz N , Rea W , Regan A , Rela M , Remme A , Rey Chaves C E , Reyes A , Riad A , Rice D , Rios Quintana K , Ritter A , Roalsø M , Robinson D , Rodriguez J , Rodríguez F , Rodriguez M C , Rogers A , Rohila J , Romanyuc D , Romic I , Rommaneh M , Rompianesi G , Rosa F , Roscio F , Rose A , Rotimi T , Ruiz H , Ruiz Yucuma J , Ruiz-Úcar E , Ruslan M , Rutegård M , Ryan Harper E , Ryckx A , Rydbeck D , Sá-Marta E , Sadien I , Safari Nteranya D , Sagoo K , Sakata S , Saladino E , Saleem A , Saleem S , Salehi M , Salih S , Sallinen V. , Salvans S , Sam Z H , Samadov E , Emile Sameh H , Sampaio Alves M , Sanad A , Sánchez Fonseca S , Sanchez Teran A , Sanchez Ussa S , Sanchez Ussa S , Sandli O , Sanghera J , Sani I , Santafe Guerrero M , Sante Fornasiero M , Santes Jasso O , Santos Pereira I , Santos Sousa H , Saratzis A , Sarmiento Alarcon A , Saumtally T , Sayyed R , Schettino M , Schleimer L , Schmidt T , Schondffelt K , Schwab M , Scott A , Searle H , Sebopelo L , Seeglier B , Seishima R , Semenvov D , Senent-Boza A , Sepulveda J , Serenari M , Serrano Navidad M , Sert I , Sewart E , Sgrò A , Shadrina V , Shah K , Shahid F , Shalaby M , Shankar B , Shapiro J , Sharma L , Sheel A , Shenfine A , Shenoy S , Sherif A , Shetty N , Shetty R , Sia T C , Sichimba D , Siddique H , Siddiqui I , Simkens G , Simon H , Sinan L , Singh T , Singh K , Singh Y , Sinha L , Siragusa L , Sluckin T , Smart Y W , Smith H , Smits L , Sneep-van Kessel C , Sohrabi C , Solórzano Pineda O , Soma A , Sooriyapiragasam L , Sparavigna M , Spence R , Spencer N , Spiers H , Sprakel J , Sravanam S , Srinivasan M , Srinivasan R , Staniszewska A , Stasinos K , Steinholt I , Steinruecke M , Stephen B -J , Stijns J , Still M , Stupalkowska W , Subba S , Sucharitkul P , Sudarsanam A , Sudhamsh Reddy D , Suhardja T , Suliman M , Sunilkumar A , Suresh N , Sussmes S , Sutton P , Syltern J , Taha A , Takamizawa Y , Takoutsing Dongmo A B , Tamás T , Tan L , Tan J L , Tan K , Tan E , Tan Yong Hui A , Tanase A , Tariverdiev A , Tasnem A , Tatar C , Tay E , Tejedor P , Tesfaye G , Tetinou F , Thorpe C , Thyø A , Tlelo Amastal D , Tolani M , Tolga Saracoglu K , Tölgyes T , Torrent Jansà L , Toscano Igartua S , Tovani Palone M R , Traff H , Trevis J , Tummers W , Tur A , Turchenko I , Uche V , Uddin A , Udonsak N , Ullah M , Urbonas T , Uwins C , Uy Magadia E , Uzair Qureshi A , Uzun K , Vadim P , Valarche G , Valdez Gonzalez R A , van Beek D -J , van Dalen A S , van den Hondel D , van der stok E , van Dorp M , van Oostendorp S , van Praag E , van Rees J , van Silfhout L , Varga Z , Varghese S , Varghese C , Varghese J , Vasilica A -M , Vásquez Ojeda X , Vega E , Vehler S , Venchiarutti R , Vengatesan S , Venn M , Verma D , Vianey Partida Nava G , Victoria D , Vieira P , Vilar Alvarez M E , Vinci D , Viscasillas Pallàs G , Viswanath M , Vivanco J , Vizcaya Rodríguez V , Vo J , Volchanski D , Voron T , Voronovskyi Y , Vu J , Wadhwa M , Wadhwa S , Wagner G , Wallace M , Wang Y Y , Wang J , Wani A , Wanigasooriya K , Wanjara S , Wanjiku N , Warner C , Wei Leow T , Wellington M J , Wells C , Wenzelberg C , Wettstein D , Wezel A , Wheldon L , Widmer L , Wijayaratne T , Wijeyaratne M , Wilkin R , Williams E , Willis F , Winter D , Wirsik M M , Wishah B , Wong G , Wong W J , Wong K , Wong K -Y , Worku D , Wright E , Wright J , Wright J , Wright O Wroe , Xenacki S , Xia W , Xu W , Xu Z , Yalcinkaya A , Yang W , Yang P -C , Yanishev A , Yanzon de la Torre A , Yao H , Yaqoob E , Yen Ling Quake S , Yeo D , Yeom B , Yershov D , Yiasemidou M , Yildiz A , Yiu A , Yong E , Yoshimura R , Younis M U , Younis Ringshawl Z , Youssef M , Yue Y , Yuen S , Yuldashev R , Yurttas C , Yves B , Zaborowski A , Zackeri R , Zafar A , Zahra W , Zaidi A , Zainudin S , Zakeri R , Zamora I , Zamora A T , Zawistowski M , Zbikowska G , Zegers W , Zehra S , Zeyra A , Zhagniyev Z , Zivanovic M , Zmuc J , Zope M , Zubayraeva A , Zucker B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence.

Methods
In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them.

Results
BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.