bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the dynamic response of additive manufactured PETG composite beams reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay and short carbon fiber
Authors: Mahesh Vinyas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the experimental results of the modal analysis of additive manufactured glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) based composites reinforced with short carbon fibers and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay (NC) is presented. The raw materials are compounded and extruded using the twin‐screw extruder. The specimens in the beam form are prepared through the fused deposition modeling process, one of the prominent additive manufacturing techniques. The individual and combined effect of reinforcing OMMT nanoclay and short carbon fibers on the natural frequencies and damping factors of PETG composite is investigated by varying their weight percentages. Further, a comparative study is made with the vibration response of pure PETG beam as well. The experimental set‐up constituted of an accelerometer, impact hammer, and data acquisition unit is used for vibration studies. Two different boundary conditions, viz. cantilever and clamped constraints, have been incorporated in this investigation. The experimental results reveal that boundary conditions and the weight percentage of reinforcements play a vital role in deciding the frequency and damping parameters of the PETG composite beam.
Sociodemographic index and global trends in prostate cancer: 1990–2017
Authors: Launer Bryn M. , Lloyd Granville L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsidered globally, prostate cancer is a disease of the aging male that increases in prevalence with exposure to screening and diagnostic testing, and which requires a population with the health and longevity to encounter it. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset is an aggregation of worldwide registries and health data systems that reports global and regional assessment of disease impact.MethodsUsing the GBD database, 1171 worldwide registries and health registration systems from 1990 to 2016 were aggregated for prostate cancer disease codes and outcomes. Disease‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were calculated and segregated by sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile, and compared to other urologic diseases and tuberculosis (TB).ResultsProstate cancer exerts a burden of disease that is vastly higher in the top quintile of SDI. The three lowest SDI quintiles represent the majority of global population but are currently less impacted by prostate cancer. Conversely, TB has its highest impact on the lowest SDI levels, although these rates are declining.ConclusionsAs a global disease, prostate cancer predominantly affects high SDI men who enjoy a longer life expectancy in which to suffer from this disease and a greater exposure to screening and diagnosis. As lower SDI men are elevated in health and income, reallocation of DALYs will occur, and a greater burden of prostate cancer can be expected. These epidemiologic trends have great implications for the allocation of resources, as the population of men affected by prostate cancer outpaces urologic workforce growth.
Iterated local search with partition crossover for computational protein design
Authors: Beuvin François , de Givry Simon , Schiex Thomas , Verel Sébastien , Simoncini David 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTStructure‐based computational protein design (CPD) refers to the problem of finding a sequence of amino acids which folds into a specific desired protein structure, and possibly fulfills some targeted biochemical properties. Recent studies point out the particularly rugged CPD energy landscape, suggesting that local search optimization methods should be designed and tuned to easily escape local minima attraction basins. In this article, we analyze the performance and search dynamics of an iterated local search (ILS) algorithm enhanced with partition crossover. Our algorithm, PILS, quickly finds local minima and escapes their basins of attraction by solution perturbation. Additionally, the partition crossover operator exploits the structure of the residue interaction graph in order to efficiently mix solutions and find new unexplored basins. Our results on a benchmark of 30 proteins of various topology and size show that PILS consistently finds lower energy solutions compared to Rosetta fixbb and a classic ILS, and that the corresponding sequences are mostly closer to the native.
NIR‐Activated Multimodal Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nanoplatform for Anticancer Therapy by Fe(II) Ions Doped MXenes (Fe‐Ti3C2)
Authors: Wu Yizhang , Song Xueru , Xu Wei , Sun Kuo‐yang , Wang Zhaokun , Lv Zhongyang , Wang Yue , Wang Yong , Zhong Wei , Wei Jia , Cai Hong‐Ling , Wu Xiaoshan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2D MXene, Ti3C2 (TC), has displayed enormous potential in applications in photothermal therapy (PTT), attributing to its biocompatibility and outstanding photothermal conversion capability. However, some tumor ablations are difficult to be realized completely by monotherapy due to the essential defects of monotherapy and intricate tumor microenvironment (TME). In this work, the appropriate doped Fe2+ ions are anchored into the layers of 2D ultrathin TC nanosheets (TC NSs) to synthesize a novel multifunctional nanoshell of Fe(II)‐Ti3C2 (FTC) through interlayer electrostatic adsorption. FTC possesses superior photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) than TC NSs, attributing to the enhanced conductivity promoted by interlaminar ferrous ion‐channels. Moreover, Fenton reaction based on ferrous ions endows FTC the abilities of reactive oxide species (ROS) releasing and glutathione (GSH) suppression triggered by near‐infrared (NIR) laser, featuring splendid biocompatibility and curative effect in hypoxic TME. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responding in FTC reveals the potential as an integrated diagnosis and treatment nanoplatform. FTC could provide new insights into the development of multimoded synergistic nanoplatform for biological applications, especially breaking the shackles of MXenes merely used as a photo‐thermal agent (PTA), adopting it to bioimaging sensor and drug loading.
The ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera oil on tributyltin‐induced brain toxicity in albino rats
Authors: Sakr Samar , A. Rashad Walaa , Abaza Marwa T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound widely used as a biocide in antifouling paints. Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) has a promising antioxidant potential, which necessitates further exploration. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of MOO against TBT‐induced brain toxicity. The 30 rats were grouped into five groups (six each), Group I negative control, Group II positive control (vehicle), Group III MOO (5 ml/kg body weight [b.wt.]), Group IV TBT (10 mg/kg b.wt.), and Group V TBT & MOO. All treatments were given orally for 28 days. Thereafter, brains were exposed to oxidative stress and neurological parameters analyses. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (caspase‐3, Bax, Bcl‐2) examinations were also carried out. In rats administered TBT, increased malondialdehyde level, decreased reduced glutathione, and low total antioxidant capacity levels were in support of oxidative stress mechanism. Neurotoxicity was indicated by high nitric oxide level and increased acetylcholinestrase activity. Along with the histopathological alterations, the dysregulated expression of caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were indicative of the apoptotic mechanism mediated by TBT. Co‐administration of MOO with TBT ameliorated the aforementioned toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT causes brain toxicity via oxidative, nitrosative, and apoptotic mechanisms. MOO demonstrates protective effect against TBT‐induced brain toxicity mostly via potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
Lead Exposure is Unrelated to Wind Turbine Mortality in Golden Eagles
Authors: Viner Tabitha C. , Kagan Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLead toxicosis is well established as an important contributor to mortalities in bald and golden eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Aquila chrysaetos, respectively), California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and a variety of waterfowl. The effects of lead toxicosis may predispose birds to traumatic encounters, such as collision with power lines. Rotating wind turbine blades have caused the death of many bird species, including bald and golden eagles, when flight paths intersect wind farms. We conducted an analysis of the relationship between liver lead concentrations and mortality from collisions with wind‐turbine blades (WT) in golden eagles submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NFWFL) from 2011 to 2016 from across the United States. During that time, 116 golden eagles were determined to have died of wind turbine blade collision and 52 were tested for lead exposure. Liver lead concentrations in our sample were compared to those from 25 golden eagles that died of other causes including electrocution, gunshot, and other trauma. Eagles that died from wind turbine blade collision had lower (P < 0.01) lead concentrations (geometric mean 0.25 ppm wet weight [ww]; median 0 ppm ww) than those with other mortality factors (geometric mean 0.65 ppm ww; median 0.42 ppm ww). Across both control (non‐WT mortality) and WT groups, liver lead concentrations did not differ significantly between males and females (P = 0.95), or between adults and sub‐adults (P = 0.45). The ratios of life stages and sexes in the WT group were similar to that of the broader population of golden eagles submitted to NFWFL during the same time period. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Complexity growth in integrable and chaotic models
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay , DeCross Matthew , Kar Arjun , Li Yue , Parrikar Onkar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We use the SYK family of models with N Majorana fermions to study the complexity of time evolution, formulated as the shortest geodesic length on the unitary group manifold between the identity and the time evolution operator, in free, integrable, and chaotic systems. Initially, the shortest geodesic follows the time evolution trajectory, and hence complexity grows linearly in time. We study how this linear growth is eventually truncated by the appearance and accumulation of conjugate points, which signal the presence of shorter geodesics intersecting the time evolution trajectory. By explicitly locating such “shortcuts” through analytical and numerical methods, we demonstrate that: (a) in the free theory, time evolution encounters conjugate points at a polynomial time; consequently complexity growth truncates at O($$ \sqrt{N} $$

N

), and we find an explicit operator which “fast-forwards” the free N-fermion time evolution with this complexity, (b) in a class of interacting integrable theories, the complexity is upper bounded by O(poly(N)), and (c) in chaotic theories, we argue that conjugate points do not occur until exponential times O(eN), after which it becomes possible to find infinitesimally nearby geodesics which approximate the time evolution operator. Finally, we explore the notion of eigenstate complexity in free, integrable, and chaotic models.
Holographic path-integral optimization
Authors: Boruch Jan , Caputa Pawel , Ge Dongsheng , Takayanagi Tadashi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work we elaborate on holographic description of the path-integral optimization in conformal field theories (CFT) using Hartle-Hawking wave functions in Anti-de Sitter spacetimes. We argue that the maximization of the Hartle-Hawking wave function is equivalent to the path-integral optimization procedure in CFT. In particular, we show that metrics that maximize gravity wave functions computed in particular holographic geometries, precisely match those derived in the path-integral optimization procedure for their dual CFT states. The present work is a detailed version of [1] and contains many new results such as analysis of excited states in various dimensions including JT gravity, and a new way of estimating holographic path-integral complexity from Hartle-Hawking wave functions. Finally, we generalize the analysis to Lorentzian Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter geometries and use it to shed light on path-integral optimization in Lorentzian CFTs.
Effects of histamine and various histamine receptor antagonists on gene expression profiles of macrophages during compressive strain
Authors: Schröder Agnes , Petring Catharina , Damanaki Anna , Jantsch Jonathan , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tissue hormone histamine can accumulate locally within the periodontal ligament via nutrition or may be released during allergic reactions by mast cells, which may have an impact on orthodontic tooth movement. In addition to periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cells of the immune system such as macrophages are exposed to compressive strain. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the impact of histamine on the gene expression profile of macrophages in the context of simulated orthodontic compressive strain.

Methods
Macrophages were incubated with different histamine concentrations (50, 100, 200 µM) for 24 h and then either left untreated or compressed for another 4 h. To assess the role of different histamine receptors, we performed experiments with antagonists for histamine 1 receptor (cetirizine), histamine 2 receptor (ranitidine) and histamine 4 receptor (JNJ7777120) under control and pressure conditions. We tested for lactate dehydrogenase release and analyzed the expression of genes involved in inflammation and bone remodeling by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results
Histamine elevated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor under control conditions and in combination with pressure application. Increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase‑2 mRNA was observed when histamine was combined with compressive force. Interleukin‑6 gene expression was not affected by histamine treatment. In macrophages, compressive strain increased osteoprotegerin gene expression. Histamine further elevated this effect. Most of the observed histamine effects were blocked by the histamine 1 receptor antagonist cetirizine.

Conclusions
Histamine has an impact on the gene expression profile of macrophages during compressive strain in vitro, most likely having an impairing effect on orthodontic tooth movement by upregulation of osteoprotegerin expression.
Method for residual strain modeling taking into account mold and distribution of heat transfer coefficients for thermoset composite material parts
Authors: Kiauka Mikhail , Kasatkin Mikhail , Tcygantceva Iuliia , Efimov-Soini Nikolai , Borovkov Alexey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe article presents a technique for process-induced residual strain modeling for thermoset composite material parts. The model takes into account the mechanical and thermal contact between the part and the mold. The technique is implemented in the ABAQUS software using user subroutines. Using the technique, it is possible to clarify the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the part and mold using the CFD method. Distribution of heat transfer coefficients are obtained in ANSYS CFX under the appropriate process conditions. The method is verified for the U-shaped sample. Also, the results of modeling the stringer-stiffened curved composite panel using the developed technique without taking into account the mold and heat transfer coefficient distribution are presented.
Mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of AA7075-T6 sub-zero formed sheets
Authors: Bertolini Rachele , Simonetto Enrico , Pezzato Luca , Fabrizi Alberto , Ghiotti Andrea , Bruschi Stefania 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe poor formability of 7xxx series aluminium alloys represents the major limit to their actual use for automotive and aerospace applications. In the present study, the forming temperature effect on the mechanical, corrosion and anodization behaviours of the AA7075-T6 alloy is investigated. To this purpose, tensile tests at different temperatures, ranging from −100 to 300°C, were carried out at different rolling directions. A 6.6% increase of the ultimate tensile strength and a 28.6% increase of the uniform elongation were registered for the specimens deformed at the lowest temperature compared to highest ones. Further, the corrosion resistance of specimens deformed at ultimate tensile strength before and after anodization was increased of 85% and 95%, respectively, compared to the specimens deformed at 300°C. It was demonstrated that high deformation temperatures led to the coalescence of particles and precipitates as well as the decrease of dislocation density, which, in turn, decreased the mechanical and corrosion performances. On the contrary, the deformation temperature of −100°C was found to be the ideal one able to shorten the manufacturing process chain and improve material formability and durability during its in-service life.
Qin’s seven steps for endoscopic selective lateral neck dissection via the chest approach in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: experience of 35 cases
Authors: Chen Zhen-Xin , Song Ya-Min , Chen Jing-Bao , Zhang Xiao-Bo , Lin Zhan-Hong , Cai Bei-Yuan , Pang Feng-Shun , Qin You 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic thyroidectomy is widely performed as it does not result in neck scar. However, there is a paucity of reports pertaining to completely endoscopic lateral neck dissection (LND). In this study, we introduce our step-wise approach for performing endoscopic selective LND via the chest–breast approach. We refer to this approach as Qin’s seven steps.

Methods
The Qin’s seven steps are: (1) establishment of working space range; (2) dissection of lymph nodes between the SCM and the sternohyoid muscle (level IV) and exposure of omohyoid; (3) dissection of lymph nodes at level IV; (4) dissection of lymph nodes at level III; (5) dissection of lymph nodes at carotid triangle (level III); (6) exposure of accessory nerve and dissection of lymph nodes at level II a; (7) dissection of lymph nodes at level II b. We reviewed the clinical data of 35 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who were operated using the Qin’s seven steps.

Results
All 35 patients successfully underwent LND; bilateral LND was performed in 5 patients. The mean tumor size was 1.8 ± 1.0 cm; seven patients had multiple lesions. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes in level II, III and IV were 8.8 ± 5.6, 6.1 ± 4.0 and 9.3 ± 5.1, respectively. As for complications, there were 3 cases of accessory nerve injury and 1 case of hypoglossal nerve injury. Internal jugular vein injury, cervical plexus injury and lymphatic leakage occurred in 2, 7, and 1 patients, respectively.

Conclusion
The Qin’s seven steps for performing endoscopic selective LND could be safely used in PTC patients with lateral lymph node metastasis. Satisfactory results were achieved in the short-term follow-up period. We recommend the use of Qin’s seven steps for PTC patients who are not desirous of neck scar.
Multiyear analysis of the dependency of the planting date on rainfall and soil moisture in paddy fields in Cambodia, 2003–2019
Authors: Tsujimoto Kumiko , Ono Kotaro , Ohta Tetsu , Chea Koemorn , Muth E-Nieng , Hor Sanara , Hok Lyda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dependencies of the planting date on rainfall and soil moisture in paddy fields in Cambodia were analyzed to quantify farmers’ empirical knowledge regarding their decision of the planting date. Remote sensing data from multiple satellites covering the 2003–2019 period were analyzed. The planting dates in rain-fed paddies ranged from April to August, with large spatial variations and year-to-year fluctuations. In years when planting was suppressed in April and May, planting was extensively enhanced in June and August compared to normal years, and vice versa. Over the northeastern side of Tonle Sap Lake and south of Phnom Penh city, the areas planted in April and May were found to have positive correlations with rainfall and soil moisture, suggesting that wetter-than-average conditions encouraged farmers to plant earlier in the season. In contrast, this relationship was unclear on the western side of Tonle Sap Lake, where the rainfall amounts were larger throughout the year than in other areas in Cambodia. In this region, the relationship between the planting area and soil water availability was either unclear or was even slightly negative from June to August. Since more frequent dry spells have been detected after the onset of the rainy season in recent years, further studies and disseminations of potential changes in dry spells are important for the agronomic adaptation of planting dates under climate change.
Community Capacity Building for HIV and Addiction Service Integration: An Intervention Trial in Vietnam
Authors: Li Li , Lin Chunqing , Liang Li-Jung , Nguyen Diep Bich , Pham Loc Quang , Le Tuan Anh , Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScientific findings and policy guidelines recommend integrating HIV and drug addiction prevention and care into community-based settings. Systematic capacity-building efforts are warranted to provide technical support for community health workers and improve their confidence in the integrated service provision. An intervention trial was conducted between 2018 and 2019 with 120 community health workers (CHW) from 60 communes in Vietnam’s four provinces. The 60 intervention CHW received in-person training to enhance their HIV/addiction-related service knowledge and skills. Online support groups were established between trained CHW and local HIV and addiction specialists. The intervention outcomes were assessed using mixed-effects regression models with the data collected at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year. Adjusted analyses showed that intervention CHW reported a significant increase in the interaction with other treatment providers than the control group at 6 months and remained at the 12-month follow-up. The difference in the improvement of confidence in HIV/addiction-related service delivery between the intervention and control groups was significant at 6-month but became insignificant at the 12-month. Male CHW were more confident in providing services than female CHW at baseline, and gender differences in the changing patterns were observed over time. This capacity-building intervention demonstrated promising outcomes on CHW inter-agency collaborations and confidence in service delivery. Gender divides in healthcare professionals should be attended to in future studies.