bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Border disease in a flock of Minnesota sheep
Authors: Ames T. R. , Robinson R. A. , Johnson D. W. , O'Leary T. P. , Fahrmann J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A flock problem affecting newborn lambs on a Minnesota farm was investigated. The lambs had hairy fleece and rhythmic tremors, and were unthrifty. Histologic examination revealed hypomyelinization of the cns and hypertrophy of primary follicles in the skin. A virus antigenically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated. Serum neutralization showed that a large number of flock ewes had much higher titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus than did control animals.
Adoption of cryptocurrencies by financial institutions: challenges and opportunities in the digital economy
Authors: Luo Qianyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper quantitatively analyses the development status and market share of cryptocurrencies by collecting relevant information and explores the correlation between the cryptocurrency market and the performance of China’s financial market and financial market pressure through the correlation analysis method. Using VAR model impulse analysis to portray the dynamic relationship between cryptocurrencies and the financial market during unexpected events can help show the risk changes of the cryptocurrency market more intuitively. The analysis shows that cryptocurrencies have entered a stage of explosive development, and by 2023, their overall market value will reach about $3 trillion. Among them, Bitcoin has a market share of 39.8%. The correlation coefficients of Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and Ripple with the Chinese financial market are -0.0138, −0.0225, −0.0114, and −0.0143, which are negatively correlated. There is a correlation between cryptocurrencies and the impact of market volatility.
Prevalence and consequences of stigma associated with migraine in a rural Indian headache clinic
Authors: Shukla Shilpi , Joshi Divya Amit , Desai Devangi , Patel Mamta Roshan , Desai Soaham 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Migraine, a prevalent neurological disorder, remains under-recognized and stigmatized, potentially impeding optimal management. This study aimed to quantify migraine-related stigma and its associations in a rural Indian setting, addressing a critical knowledge gap in low-resource contexts. Primary objectives: This study was to assess the prevalence and patterns of perceived stigma among migraine patients in a rural neurology clinic. Secondary objectives: This study was to examine the relationship between stigma levels and headache impact severity and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with higher stigma.

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 migraine patients diagnosed per International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria at a rural tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Perceived stigma was measured using the culturally adapted stigma scale for chronic illness (SSCI-8), and headache impact was assessed using the headache impact test (HIT-6). Correlations and regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations.

Results
The mean total SSCI-8 score was 16.77 (standard deviation = 5.98), indicating moderate perceived stigma. A significant positive correlation was observed between total SSCI-8 and HIT-6 scores (r = 0.25, P = 0.014), persisting after adjustment for confounders (adjusted r = 0.22, P = 0.027). Participants with only primary education reported significantly higher enacted (P < 0.001) and internalized (P = 0.027) stigma compared to those with higher education. Regular clinic follow-up was associated with lower stigma scores (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study revealed substantial perceived stigma among migraine patients in rural India, with a novel finding of a non-linear relationship between education levels and stigma. The significant association between stigma and headache impact underscores the need for targeted interventions. These insights can inform the development of culturally sensitive, community-based anti-stigma initiatives and support services, potentially improving migraine management and outcomes in underserved rural populations.
Метод генерации вопросов закрытого типа с использованием LLM
Authors: Дагаев А.Е. 
Published: February 2025

В исследовании представлен метод генерации вопросов закрытого типа, использующий большие языковые модели (LLM) для повышения качества и релевантности создаваемых вопросов. Предложенная структура объединяет этапы генерации, верификации и корректировки, что позволяет не исключать некачественные вопросы, а улучшать их с использованием обратной связи. Метод был протестирован на трех популярных наборах данных: SQuAD, Natural Questions и RACE. Ключевые метрики оценки ROUGE, BLEU и METEOR стабильно показывали улучшения производительности на всех протестированных моделях. В исследовании использовались четыре варианта LLM: O1, O1-mini, GPT-4o и GPT-4o-mini, при этом O1 достигла наивысших результатов по всем наборам данных и метрикам. Экспертная оценка показала увеличение точности до 14,4 % по сравнению с генерацией без верификации и корректировки. Полученные результаты подчеркивают эффективность метода в обеспечении большей ясности, фактической корректности и контекстуальной релевантности в сгенерированных вопросах. Сочетание автоматизированной верификации и корректировки дополнительно улучшает результаты, демонстрируя потенциал LLM в совершенствовании задач генерации текста. Результаты работы будут полезны исследователям в области обработки естественного языка, образовательных технологий, а также специалистам, работающим над адаптивными системами обучения и программным обеспечением корпоративного обучения.
This study presents a method for closed-ended question generation leveraging large language models (LLM) to improve the quality and relevance of generated questions. The proposed framework combines the stages of generation, verification, and refinement, which allows for the improvement of low-quality questions through feedback rather than simply discarding them. The method was tested on three widely recognized datasets: SQuAD, Natural Questions, and RACE. Key evaluation metrics, including ROUGE, BLEU, and METEOR, consistently showed performance gains across all tested models. Four LLM configurations were used: O1, O1-mini, GPT-4o, and GPT-4o-mini, with O1 achieving the highest results across all datasets and metrics. Expert evaluation revealed an accuracy improvement of up to 14.4% compared to generation without verification and refinement. The results highlight the method's effectiveness in ensuring greater clarity, factual correctness, and contextual relevance in generated questions. The combination of automated verification and refinement further enhances outcomes, showcasing the potential of LLMs to refine text generation tasks. These findings will benefit researchers in natural language processing, educational technology, and professionals working on adaptive learning systems and corporate training software.
Dimensi Metrik Graf Kincir K1+nK3
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Soeprianto Harry , Sarjana Ketut , Hayati Laila 
Published: February 2025

The metric dimension is a fundamental concept in graph theory that utilizes the vector representation of distances between vertices and a subset of vertices in a graph. This concept has broad applications in various fields, such as navigation, network localization, and network design. Let G(V,E) be a connected graph with order n . A subset L={v1,v2,v3} subset of V(G) is called a resolving set, and the representation of a vertex v with respect to L is a vector (d(v,v1), d(v,v2)..d(v,vk)) , where d(v,vi) is the distance between v and vi . The metric dimension of G, denoted as dim(G), is the smallest cardinality of L such that every vertex in G has a unique representation. The windmill graph K1+nK3 is a graph obtained by connecting a vertex x in the complete graph K1 to every vertex in n copies of the complete graph K3. This paper employs a structural analysis method focused on the single vertex in K1 and determines the vector representations of all vertices in the windmill graph by analyzing inter-vertex distances. The final result shows that the metric dimension, dim (K1+nK3)= 2n, where n is an integer grether than 2 .
Poder y atracción del desierto. Geoculturas de Francia y España frente a la insumisión tribal en el Sáhara (1900-1934)
Authors: González Alcantud José Antonio 
Published: February 2025

El debate sobre la cuestión colonial en relación con los inacabados procesos de descolonización en el Sáhara Occidental tiene una gran actualidad. Para interpretarlos es necesario recurrir a las estrategias seguidas por Francia y España para someter el sistema tribal y las redes morabíticas saharianas. Desde el estudio de las teorías segmentaristas tribales hasta la mística del desierto. Los informes confidenciales franceses ofrecen noticias importantes para interpretar la geomística empleada en la conquista y sumisión del Sáhara. Todo como parte del gran juego geoestratégico sahariano. Figuras como Charles de Foucauld, Ernest Psichari o Enrique D’Almonte son fundamentales para la correcta interpretación de las políticas de dominación.

Palabras clave: Sáhara, segmentariedad, mística, meharismo, cofradías, geoestrategia.
Use of Mobile Phones in Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL)
Authors: Poudel Ambika Prasad 
Published: February 2025

The advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their exploitation have caused significant changes in language pedagogy. Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), a new pedagogical approach, is becoming increasingly popular among ELT practitioners in recent years, and the use of mobile phones in MALL is an example of a noticeable development in ICT exploitation. This study aims to explore the role and place of mobile phones, particularly smartphones, in MALL activities in the context of higher education in Nepal. Adopting the phenomenological research design and conducting interviews with university students, this study found that mobile phones are ubiquitous and multi-functional devices which can be used as effective tools for language learning. The smartphones are useful for English language learners for improving their pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and language skills, specifically listening and reading. The study concluded that it is important to encourage the proper use of mobile phones inside and outside the classroom to facilitate English language learning.
Efficacy of Pregabalin with Methylcobalamin in Neuropathic Pain: A study in the Nepalese Population of Eastern Region
Authors: Gupta Prem Kumar , Roy R K , Jha Ranjib Kumar , Paudel Mahendra , Dewasy Bijoylakshmi , Gupta Prashant 
Published: February 2025

Background: Neuropathic pain is a severe condition that is challenging to treat. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of sustained-release pregabalin and methylcobalamin in reducing neuropathic pain in Nepalese patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based, observational study. Patients received fixed dose combination of 75 mg sustained-release pregabalin combined with 1500 mcg immediate release methylcobalamin. Data was collected at prefixed interval for pain reduction and associated comorbidities. Pain intensity was measured on a ten-point visual analog scale and sleep quality was measured by Sleep Quality Scale. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: Out of the total patients, 52% belonged to the age group 39-59 years, with females more than males. Age and gender difference were statistically significant with neuropathic pain. The study also revealed that radiculopathy and diabetic neuropathy were significantly associated with specific age groups. Patients in severe and distressful pain in day 1 have significantly improved to mild (70%) and tolerable (24%) pain by day 14. The mean VAS score showed an overall reduction of 58.75% over 14 days. The comorbidities observed with neuropathy, were diabetes mellitus (42%), hypertension (22%), alcoholism (18%), and smokers (6%). By day 14, 85% and 11% patients reported to have good and excellent sleep quality, respectively, compared to the poor and fair sleep quality assessed on day 1 and day 7.
Conclusion: There was significant improvement in pain and sleep quality with the use of 75 mg pregabalin and 1500 mcg methylcobalamin in patients with neuropathic pain.
Anthropomorphism and the Anthropocene
Authors: Bergesen Albert J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
If humanity can be considered a geological force at war with Earth, can Earth be considered a social force gravitationally imprisoning humanity? The answer is “yes,” and this explains why new concepts and hypotheses are advanced. Among others, these include the idea of the Gravity Wars, anthropomorphism, the anthropocentric picture of humanity as a geological force as the dual face of human vanity, and humanity's collective Stockholm syndrome, evident in its seeing itself as the sole actor in global warming.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ МОДИФІКАЦІЇ КРОХМАЛЮ МОЛОЧНОЮ КИСЛОТОЮ НА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ОТРИМАНИХ ПОЛІМЕРНИХ ПЛІВОК
Authors: КУЧИНСЬКА ДАРЬЯ , ІЩЕНКО ОЛЕНА , ЯЩУК СЕРГІЙ 
Published: February 2025

Дослідження спрямовані на отриманні полімерних плівок на основі модифікованого крохмалю молочною кислотою у поєднанні з полівініловим спиртом - як основи для ранових пов’язок з пролонгованим вивільненням лікарських препаратів. Об'єктом дослідження стали полімерні плівки на основі модифікованого крохмалю молочною кислотою у комбінації з полівініловим спиртом. Модифікацію крохмалю проводили розчинами молочної кислоти 0,5 і 1,0 моль/л при температурі 40°С протягом 2,0 години. Для отримання плівок методом поливу з розчину змішували 10% розчини модифікованого крохмалю та полівінілового спирту у співвідношеннях 25:75, 50:50 і 75:25.
Встановлено, що тривалість модифікації та концентрація молочної кислоти впливають на фізико-механічні властивості плівок - збільшення концентрації молочної кислоти сприяє отриманню більш міцних плівок. Оптимальні механічні властивості та сорбція були отримані для плівок на основі крохмалю модифікованого 1,0 М розчином молочної кислоти та полівінілового спирту зі співвідношенням 25:75.
При цьому міцність на розрив становила 7,31 ± 0,2 МПа, а відносне видовження при розриві – 50,16 ± 2,5%. Встановлено, що модифікація крохмалю молочною кислотою дозволяє регулювати здатність плівок поглинати вологу. Варіювання умов модифікації дозволяє регулювати їх властивості, що відкриває широкі можливості для створення матеріалів з різними функціональними характеристиками. Перспективними напрямками подальших досліджень є вивчення біосумісності отриманих матеріалів, а також дослідження їх здатності до пролонгованого вивільнення лікарських засобів.
Entre la visión y el deporte: 3 claves para analizar la brecha del factor “entrenamiento”
Authors: Sebastián Suarez Kevin 
Published: February 2025

El deporte siempre ha traído consigo nuevos retos e investigaciones, en ese camino el entrenamiento visual se ha abierto campo constantemente, la facultad de conocer y aprender cómo entrenar la visión sigue siendo un factor determinante en el diferencial del entrenador y profesionalismo del deportista, sin embargo, la poca y escasa información sobre estudios en esta área hacen que la temática para algunos países como Colombia siga sin ser un eje clave para el deporte y aún más para el cuidado visual, en ese orden se estableció desde una metodología descriptiva un análisis bibliográfico de los últimos 5 años relacionado al tema “visión deportiva” enfocado en la información del área de optometría, entrenamiento deportivo y herramientas tecnológicas que han surgido, lo anterior contrastado bajo una encuesta de conocimiento a una población de universitarios deportistas bogotanos, demostrando que hay 3 claves de peso para entender por qué sigue siendo un tema sin mucha exploración, primero no hay consenso sobre quien debe entrenar la visión deportiva, segundo no hay información suficiente que respalde la evolución de herramientas de la ortóptica a herramientas visuales deportivas y tercero Colombia aún sigue rezagado académicamente en el estudio alcance y aplicación de este tipo de estudios
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of mecA gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Detection of Homologous Sequences isolated from Hospital Acquired Infection Patients admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City of Bangl
Authors: Tania Noor E Jannat , Shamsuzzaman SM , Islam Aminul , Kubra Khadijatul , Rahman Md. Maminur 
Published: February 2025

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major concern for public health. Compared to infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), MRSA causes severe infections with increased morbidity and mortality and also places a large economic pressure on our health care sector.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in different clinical samples isolated from admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at the Microbiology Laboratory of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019 for a period of one year. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from pus, wound swab and blood samples by culture, microscopy and different biochemical tests. MRSA were isolated by oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method using Kirby-Bauer technique and MIC of oxacillin by agar dilutional method. PCR and sequencing of mecA gene was done.
Results: Out of 208 samples 42.2% MRSA and 57.78% MSSA were detected. Sensitivity and specificity of oxacillin disc diffusion method were 100% and 96.15%, respectively and for cefoxitin disc diffusion method both were 100% in comparison with MIC of oxacillin. All the 19 MRSA strains were positive for mecA gene.
Conclusion: In conclusion there is a high prevalence of MRSA.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2024;11(2):146-151
Predictors of permanent pacemaker requirement in aortic stenosis patients undergoing self-expanding valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement using the cusp overlap technique
Authors: Lee Yung-Tsai , Tsao Tien-Ping , Lee Kuo-Chen , Lin Huan-Chiu , Liu Chun-Ting , Hsiung Ming-Chon , Yin Wei-Hsian , Wei Jeng 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSince TAVR was approved for lower-risk aortic stenosis (AS) patients, managing post-implantation conduction disturbances has become crucial, especially with self-expanding heart valves (SEV). This study aims to identify risk factors for conduction disturbances in such patients using a specific fluoroscopic cusp overlap (COL) technique.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed AS patients who underwent TAVR with SEV from 2019 to 2022, excluding those needing pacemakers or valve-in-valve procedures. Patients were grouped by conventional (CON) and COL techniques, with outcomes monitored using Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 criteria.ResultsIn this cohort study of 114 patients, 17 were excluded due to pre-existing pacemakers. Forty-seven received SEVs using COL, and 50 with CON techniques. The COL group showed a significant reduction in new LBBB (27.7% vs. 46%, p = 0.006) and PPI rates (4.3% vs. 18%, p = 0.033) compared to the CON group. Deeper implantation depth below the non-coronary cusp (NCC) and left coronary cusp (LCC) was linked to an increased risk of conduction disturbances. Multivariate analysis identified smaller left ventricular outflow tract diameter, shorter membranous septum length, and greater pre-releasing implantation depth below the LCC as predictors of future PPI risk.ConclusionThe use of the COL technique significantly reduces the risk of newly developed conduction disturbances after SEV TAVR. Keeping SEV implantation depth within 1 mm of the membranous septum length and maintaining an implantation depth of &lt;6 mm below the LCC before final release further minimizes the risk of PPI.
Right atrial strain in Anderson–Fabry disease
Authors: Lillo Rosa , Cianci Alessio , Meucci Maria Chiara , Iannaccone Giulia , Di Brango Claudio , Tusa Filippo , Marsilia Mario , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Lombardo Antonella , Burzotta Francesco , Graziani Francesca 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTo date, only limited data are available on right atrium (RA) morphofunctional remodeling in Fabry disease (FD).PurposeWe aimed to investigate RA structural and functional remodeling in patients with FD vs. healthy controls using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to explore whether any differences exist in FD patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with FD and controls matched for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with FD were divided in two groups according to the presence/absence of LVH (LVH+: left ventricular wall thickness &gt;12 mm). All patients underwent standard echocardiography and STE analysis investigating the mechanics of all cardiac chambers, including RA reservoir, contractile and conduit strain.ResultsA total of 64 patients with FD (50% males; mean age 50 ± 17 years; 51.5% LVH+) and 64 control patients were included in the study. Focusing on right chambers, RA and right ventricular (RV) dimensions were similar between FD and controls. No differences were found for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p = 0.073) and RV fractional area change (p = 0.461), while RV systolic Tissue Doppler velocity was reduced in patients with FD (p = 0.041). STE analysis revealed impaired strain values for all cardiac chambers in FD vs controls, specifically: left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS, p &lt; 0.001), left atrial (LA) reservoir strain (p = 0.001), conduit strain (p = 0.012), and contractile strain (p &lt; 0.001), RV-GLS and RV free wall strain (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, all RA strain phases were significantly reduced in patients with FD compared with control patients (RA reservoir 27.4 ± 11.1 vs. 41.9 ± 8.3%, p &lt; 0.001; RA contractile 9.9 ± 5.1 vs. 18.0 ± 4.9%, p &lt; 0.001; RA conduit 19.1 ± 8.1 vs. 24.1 ± 8.1%, p = 0.001). When comparing FD patients without LVH to controls, it was found that RA reservoir and contractile strains were significantly reduced in the former (p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analyses, LA reservoir strain (p = 0.010) and LV-GLS (p = 0.044) emerged as independent correlates of RA mechanics after adjustments were made for RA dimensions, RV systolic function parameters and hypertrophy, and LV maximal wall thickness.ConclusionsIn FD impaired RA strain is a common finding. RA reservoir and contractile strains are reduced in FD patients even before LVH ensues, as compared to controls. LA reservoir strain and LV-GLS show an independent correlation with RA reservoir strain.