bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpregnancy weight gain and childhood obesity: analysis of a UK population-based cohort
Authors: Ziauddeen Nida , Huang Jonathan Y. , Taylor Elizabeth , Roderick Paul J. , Godfrey Keith M. , Alwan Nisreen A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse long-term health outcomes in mother and child including childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between interpregnancy weight gain between first and second pregnancies and risk of overweight and obesity in the second child.

Methods
We analysed the healthcare records of 4789 women in Hampshire, UK with their first two singleton live births within a population-based anonymised linked cohort of routine antenatal records (August 2004 and August 2014) with birth/early life data for their children. Measured maternal weight and reported height were recorded at the first antenatal appointment of each pregnancy. Measured child height and weight at 4–5 years were converted to age- and sex-adjusted body mass index (BMI z-score). Log-binomial regression was used to examine the association between maternal interpregnancy weight gain and risk of childhood overweight and obesity in the second child. This was analysed first in the whole sample and then stratified by baseline maternal BMI category.

Results
The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the second child was 19.1% in women who remained weight stable, compared with 28.3% in women with ≥3 kg/m2 weight gain. Interpregnancy gain of ≥3 kg/m2 was associated with increased risk of childhood overweight/obesity (adjusted relative risk (95% CI) 1.17 (1.02–1.34)), with attenuation on adjusting for birthweight of the second child (1.08 (0.94–1.24)). In women within the normal weight range at first pregnancy, the risks of childhood obesity (≥95th centile) were increased with gains of 1–3 kg/m2 (1.74 (1.07–2.83)) and ≥3 kg/m2 (1.87 (1.18–3.01)).

Conclusion
Children of mothers within the normal weight range in their first pregnancy who started their second pregnancy with a considerably higher weight were more likely to have obesity at 4–5 years. Supporting return to pre-pregnancy weight and limiting weight gain between pregnancies may achieve better long-term maternal and offspring outcomes.
Targeting adipocytic discoidin domain receptor 2 impedes fat gain while increasing bone mass
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Li Jing , Zhao Liting , Chen Yazhuo , Cui Zhijun , Xu Taotao , Li Xu , Wu Shufang , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObesity is closely associated with low-bone-mass disorder. Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) plays essential roles in skeletal metabolism, and is probably involved in fat metabolism. To test the potential role of DDR2 in fat and fat-bone crosstalk, Ddr2 conditional knockout mice (Ddr2Adipo) were generated in which Ddr2 gene is exclusively deleted in adipocytes by Adipoq Cre. We found that Ddr2Adipo mice are protected from fat gain on high-fat diet, with significantly decreased adipocyte size. Ddr2Adipo mice exhibit significantly increased bone mass and mechanical properties, with enhanced osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Marrow adipocyte is diminished in the bone marrow of Ddr2Adipo mice, due to activation of lipolysis. Fatty acid in the bone marrow was reduced in Ddr2Adipo mice. RNA-Seq analysis identified adenylate cyclase 5 (Adcy5) as downstream molecule of Ddr2. Mechanically, adipocytic Ddr2 modulates Adcy5-cAMP-PKA signaling, and Ddr2 deficiency stimulates lipolysis and supplies fatty acid for oxidation in osteoblasts, leading to the enhanced osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. Treatment of Adcy5 specific inhibitor abolishes the increased bone mass gain in Ddr2Adipo mice. These observations establish, for the first time, that Ddr2 plays an essential role in the crosstalk between fat and bone. Targeting adipocytic Ddr2 may be a potential strategy for treating obesity and pathological bone loss simultaneously.
Association of psychological variants with functional outcomes among people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Qasheesh Mohammed , Shaphe Mohammad Abu , Iqbal Amir , Alghadir Ahmad H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association of psychological variants, including fear, anxiety, and depression, with functional outcomes, including measures of functions and physical performance, among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). An observational study was conducted at the university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Thirty patients, including 19 males (63.33%) and 11 females (36.67%) with a history of traumatic SCI, aged 18–30 years, 1–3 years postinjury T2 and below, with motor complete paraplegia, permanent neurological loss, and the ability to rise from sitting and stand for at least one minute, were included in this study. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire-Physical Activity (FABQ-PA) were used to assess the psychological variants of participants. The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) and Walking Index of Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI-II) were used to assess the functional outcomes. Psychological variants showed a strong negative correlation with functional outcomes (p < 0.05) among people with SCI. In addition, a significant difference was found between females and males with SCI for the scores of psychological variants and functional outcomes. Psychological variants, including fear, anxiety, and depression, were found to be strongly and negatively associated with functional outcomes, including measures of functions and physical performance, and were especially higher among females than males with SCI. Thus, a higher level of fear, anxiety, and depression results in a lower level of measures of functions and physical performance among people with SCI. Depression is the strongest factor that affects the functional outcomes most among people with SCI.
Computer-aided engineering of a branching sucrase for the glucodiversification of a tetrasaccharide precursor of S. flexneri antigenic oligosaccharides
Authors: Benkoulouche Mounir , Ben Imeddourene Akli , Barel Louis-Antoine , Lefebvre Dorian , Fanuel Mathieu , Rogniaux Hélène , Ropartz David , Barbe Sophie , Guieysse David , Mulard Laurence A. , Remaud-Siméon Magali , Moulis Claire , André Isabelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnzyme engineering approaches have allowed to extend the collection of enzymatic tools available for synthetic purposes. However, controlling the regioselectivity of the reaction remains challenging, in particular when dealing with carbohydrates bearing numerous reactive hydroxyl groups as substrates. Here, we used a computer-aided design framework to engineer the active site of a sucrose-active $$\mathrm{\alpha }$$
α
-transglucosylase for the 1,2-cis-glucosylation of a lightly protected chemically synthesized tetrasaccharide, a common precursor for the synthesis of serotype-specific S. flexneri O-antigen fragments. By targeting 27 amino acid positions of the acceptor binding subsites of a GH70 branching sucrase, we used a RosettaDesign-based approach to propose 49 mutants containing up to 15 mutations scattered over the active site. Upon experimental evaluation, these mutants were found to produce up to six distinct pentasaccharides, whereas only two were synthesized by the parental enzyme. Interestingly, we showed that by introducing specific mutations in the active site of a same enzyme scaffold, it is possible to control the regiospecificity of the 1,2-cis glucosylation of the tetrasaccharide acceptor and produce a unique diversity of pentasaccharide bricks. This work offers novel opportunities for the development of highly convergent chemo-enzymatic routes toward S. flexneri haptens.
Induction of hormesis in plants by urban trace metal pollution
Authors: Salinitro Mirko , Mattarello Gaia , Guardigli Giorgia , Odajiu Mihaela , Tassoni Annalisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHormesis is a dose–response phenomenon observed in numerous living organisms, caused by low levels of a large number of stressors, among which metal ions. In cities, metal levels are usually below toxicity limits for most plant species, however, it is of primary importance to understand whether urban metal pollution can threaten plant survival, or, conversely, be beneficial by triggering hormesis. The effects of Cd, Cr and Pb urban concentrations were tested in hydroponics on three annual plants, Cardamine hirsuta L., Poa annua L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., commonly growing in cities. Results highlighted for the first time that average urban trace metal concentrations do not hinder plant growth but cause instead hormesis, leading to a considerable increase in plant performance (e.g., two to five-fold higher shoot biomass with Cd and Cr). The present findings, show that city habitats are more suitable for plants than previously assumed, and that what is generally considered to be detrimental to plants, such as trace metals, could instead be exactly the plus factor allowing urban plants to thrive.
Outcomes in high and low volume hospitals in patients with acute hematochezia in a cohort study
Authors: Ishii Naoki , Nagata Naoyoshi , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Gunji Naohiko , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kawagishi Kana , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Miki Kuniko , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Omata Fumio , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Imamura Noriatsu , Yano Takahiko , Kaise Mitsuru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOutcomes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding have not been compared according to hospital capacity. We aimed to perform a propensity score-matched cohort study with path and mediation analyses for acute hematochezia patients. Hospitals were divided into high- versus low-volume hospitals for emergency medical services. Rebleeding and death within 30 days were compared. Computed tomography, early colonoscopy (colonoscopy performed within 24 h), and endoscopic therapies were included as mediators. A total of 2644 matched pairs were yielded. The rebleeding rate within 30 days was not significant between high- and low-volume hospitals (16% vs. 17%, P = 0.44). The mortality rate within 30 days was significantly higher in the high-volume cohort than in the low-volume cohort (1.7% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.003). Treatment at high-volume hospitals was not a significant factor for rebleeding (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–1.06; P = 0.23), but was significant for death within 30 days (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.17–3.52; P = 0.012) on multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for patients’ characteristics. Mediation effects were not observed, except for rebleeding within 30 days in high-volume hospitals through early colonoscopy. However, the direct effect of high-volume hospitals on rebleeding was not significant. High-volume hospitals did not improve the outcomes of acute hematochezia patients.
Pro219 is an electrostatic color determinant in the light-driven sodium pump KR2
Authors: Nakajima Yuta , Pedraza-González Laura , Barneschi Leonardo , Inoue Keiichi , Olivucci Massimo , Kandori Hideki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColor tuning in animal and microbial rhodopsins has attracted the interest of many researchers, as the color of their common retinal chromophores is modulated by the amino acid residues forming the chromophore cavity. Critical cavity amino acid residues are often called “color switches”, as the rhodopsin color is effectively tuned through their substitution. Well-known color switches are the L/Q and A/TS switches located in the C and G helices of the microbial rhodopsin structure respectively. Recently, we reported on a third G/P switch located in the F helix of the light-driven sodium pumps of KR2 and JsNaR causing substantial spectral red-shifts in the latter with respect to the former. In order to investigate the molecular-level mechanism driving such switching function, here we present an exhaustive mutation, spectroscopic and computational investigation of the P219X mutant set of KR2. To do so, we study the changes in the absorption band of the 19 possible mutants and construct, semi-automatically, the corresponding hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics models. We found that the P219X feature a red-shifted light absorption with the only exception of P219R. The analysis of the corresponding models indicate that the G/P switch induces red-shifting variations via electrostatic interactions, while replacement-induced chromophore geometrical (steric) distortions play a minor role. However, the same analysis indicates that the P219R blue-shifted variant has a more complex origin involving both electrostatic and steric changes accompanied by protonation state and hydrogen bond networks modifications. These results make it difficult to extract simple rules or formulate theories for predicting how a switch operates without considering the atomistic details and environmental consequences of the side chain replacement.
Artificial intelligence for search and discovery of quantum materials
Authors: Stanev Valentin , Choudhary Kamal , Kusne Aaron Gilad , Paglione Johnpierre , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming indispensable tools in many areas of physics, including astrophysics, particle physics, and climate science. In the arena of quantum materials, the rise of new experimental and computational techniques has increased the volume and the speed with which data are collected, and artificial intelligence is poised to impact the exploration of new materials such as superconductors, spin liquids, and topological insulators. This review outlines how the use of data-driven approaches is changing the landscape of quantum materials research. From rapid construction and analysis of computational and experimental databases to implementing physical models as pathfinding guidelines for autonomous experiments, we show that artificial intelligence is already well on its way to becoming the lynchpin in the search and discovery of quantum materials.
Synthesis of few-layer MoS2@N-doped carbon core–shell hollow spheres using a cationic surfactant as a template for highly stable lithium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Faze , Li Fanggang , Wang Jun , Zheng Maojun 
Published: October 2021

A cationic surfactant templating route to epitaxial few-layer MoS2@N-doped carbon based on the self-assembledvia S+X−I+ electrostatic interactions is demonstrated, providing new nanostructured MoS2/carbon materials for different surfactant systems.
Cholesterin – Baustein oder Risikofaktor?
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungCholesterin ist lebenswichtiger Baustein von Membranen und Ausgangspunkt vieler Syntheseleistungen des Körpers. Ein komplexes Regulationssystem sorgt für die Aufrechterhaltung der Cholesterinbalance im Körper. Sowohl Cholesterinmangel als auch erhöhte Werte beeinträchtigen die Gesundheit. Während der gesamten Lebensdauer ist Cholesterin von Bedeutung für Aufbau, Reparatur und ungestörte Funktion des Gehirns. Störungen des Metabolismus im Gehirn zählen zu den ursächlichen Faktoren neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Der lange Zeit propagierte direkte kausale Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Cholesterinaufnahme z. B. aus Eiern bzw. hohem LDL-Blutspiegel und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen konnte in wissenschaftlichen Studien nicht zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden. Der steigende Einsatz von Statinen zur ungezielten Cholesterinsenkung ist somit nicht begründbar.
Functional Restoration of a Midforearm Level Amputation using the Second Toe Transfer
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Shravan Rai K. S. , Srilekha Reddy G. , Kongara Shruti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnilateral midforearm level amputation is a severely debilitating situation. The present solution for this problem is either restoration of function using a prosthetic hand, or a vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) in some very selected cases. In cases of distal forearm level amputations, even vascularized second toe transfer could be done on the radial side of the hand to achieve good functional restoration. We present a case of midforearm level amputation in which the second toe transfer has been done above the level of insertion of pronator teres muscle to achieve meaningful function. This report highlights the fact that a single toe transfer could be helpful in achieving meaningful prehension, even at this proximal.
Species loss and decline among birds of coastal Central Queensland over 130 years
Authors: Noske Richard A. , Briggs Allan 
Published: October 2021

Many longitudinal studies of regional avifaunas have been conducted in Australia, but the majority concern temperate inland regions. We examined changes in the avifauna of the Rockhampton region (10 500 km2) in subtropical, coastal Central Queensland, Australia, over 130 years, comparing accounts from 1888, 1925 and 1973–1974 with survey data from 2000 to 2019. Of the 307 confirmed species recorded until 1975, 11 resident species have since disappeared from the region, while another 11 species appear to have declined. This is the highest number of extinct bird species reported to date in a region larger than 1000 km2, although the annual extinction rate is surpassed by that of Coomooboolaroo, a pastoral property of 454 km2 only 100 km away, which lost 18 species over a similar period. Eleven (50%) of the 22 extirpated or declining species forage primarily on the ground, and 12 (55%) are primarily insectivorous. Eucalypt woodland is the major habitat of 11 species (50%), while another five (23%) are associated with rainforests. Species loss and decline coincided with habitat loss: 63% of the eucalypt woodland and 70% of the rainforest have been cleared since Europeans settled in the region. Livestock overgrazing probably played a role in the extirpation of four species of finches. The decline of at least 11 species since 1975 coincided with three consecutive decades of low rainfall, and an ongoing increase in ambient temperature.
Ultrasonic trapping and collection of airborne particulate matter enabled by multiple acoustic streaming vortices
Authors: Su Songfei , Chen Jinyan , Liu Pengzhan , Sun Mengxin , Cheng Huanbo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The capability of trapping and collecting airborne particulate matter is of great applications in the fields of environmental engineering, healthcare systems, energy engineering, and so forth. In this work, we show a facile strategy of trapping and collecting airborne particulate matter by a simple and compact ultrasonic device system. In this device, a radiation plate is bonded with a Langevin transducer for generating circular standing flexural waves (CSFWs) in the plate. Under the excitation of the CSFWs in the radiation plate, an acoustic field and an acoustic streaming field can be induced in the air gap formed by the radiation plate and a sampling plate. Through numerical simulations, we find that the multiple acoustic streaming vortices symmetric about the central axis in the air gap are responsible for trapping and collecting airborne particulate matter onto the sampling plate, while acoustic radiation force contributes little. Also, it is numerically found and experimentally verified that the resonant acoustic field and the accompanying acoustic streaming field can be tuned by varying the thickness of air gap. Through experimentation, we investigate and clarify the dependency of collection performance on parameters such as the air gap thickness and radius, sonication time, driving voltage, and the angle between the radiation plate and the sampling plate. Due to its contactless and mild handling attributes, our ultrasonic airborne particulate matter sampler can circumvent the clogging and secondary pollution issues and ensure device reusability and little damage to samples compared with other airborne particulate matter processing methods.
Formation of ultracold heteronuclear polyatomic molecule: multi-path scheme and interference effect
Authors: Dou Fu-Quan , Zhang Jia-Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the creation of stable heteronuclear polyatomic molecules based on the three-body and higher order Efimov state via a generalized stimulated Raman adiabatic passage scheme. Within the mean-field approximation, we establish the multi-path conversion models and derive the dark state solutions. The multi-path atom–polymer conversion dynamics and interference effect are studied. We show that the multi-path constructive interference permits higher conversion efficiency, resulting in a state that is closer to the ideal dark state solutions. The effects on the conversion efficiency of the single-photon detuning, the strength of the Rabi pulse, the spontaneous emission from intermediate states and the interaction between the particles are also discussed. Our results not only include the previous ultracold molecule formation techniques, such as the single-path polyatomic molecule, double-path pentamer and triple-path trimer, but also open a possible route for the multi-path formation of more complex polyatomic molecules.
Phase classification using neural networks: application to supercooled, polymorphic core-softened mixtures
Authors: Hernandes V F , Marques M S , Bordin José Rafael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Characterization of phases of soft matter systems is a challenge faced in many physical chemical problems. For polymorphic fluids it is an even greater challenge. Specifically, glass forming fluids, as water, can have, besides solid polymorphism, more than one liquid and glassy phases, and even a liquid–liquid critical point. In this sense, we apply a neural network algorithm to analyze the phase behavior of a mixture of core-softened fluids that interact through the continuous-shouldered well (CSW) potential, which have liquid polymorphism and liquid–liquid critical points, similar to water. We also apply the neural network to mixtures of CSW fluids and core-softened alcohols models. We combine and expand methods based on bond-orientational order parameters to study mixtures, applied to mixtures of hardcore fluids and to supercooled water, to include longer range coordination shells. With this, the trained neural network was able to properly predict the crystalline solid phases, the fluid phases and the amorphous phase for the pure CSW and CSW-alcohols mixtures with high efficiency. More than this, information about the phase populations, obtained from the network approach, can help verify if the phase transition is continuous or discontinuous, and also to interpret how the metastable amorphous region spreads along the stable high density fluid phase. These findings help to understand the behavior of supercooled polymorphic fluids and extend the comprehension of how amphiphilic solutes affect the phases behavior.