bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubeless Anesthesia in Subglottic Stenosis: Comparative Review of Apneic Low‐Flow Oxygenation With THRIVE
Authors: Youssef Daniel Luke , Paddle Paul 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveManaging the shared airway in subglottic stenosis presents a unique challenge. Tubeless anesthesia with apneic oxygenation is increasingly being adopted as it overcomes the limitations of access to and visualization of the narrowed subglottis. Low‐flow oxygenation (LFO) and transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) are two delivery techniques. We sought to compare their utility in this patient cohort.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThirty‐five cases of endoscopic debridement of subglottic stenosis were retrospectively studied. Operative technique was consistent among the cases. Oxygen was delivered at low‐flow rates at the laryngeal inlet with LFO (n = 23) or high‐flow rates at the nares with THRIVE (n = 12). Data regarding apnea time, the need for rescue ventilation, and relevant patient and disease factors were recorded for analysis.ResultsMedian apnea time for LFO and THRIVE were 34 and 25 minutes, respectively. Rescue with intermittent supraglottic jet ventilation was required more often with LFO than THRIVE (61% vs 33%) and was sufficient for the case to be completed in all but one instance. Elevated BMI was the sole significant predictor of early oxygen desaturation (24.8 vs 37.95 kg/m2, P = .002) with LFO. Median stenosis diameter was 6 mm (range 2–14).ConclusionApneic techniques are safe and feasible for the endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis of all severities. Elevated BMI is the only significant predictor for early oxygen desaturation. In the many healthcare settings where THRIVE is not available, LFO is a valid alterative in the nonobese patient. Laryngoscope, 132:1231–1236, 2022
Assimilation of OLCI total column water vapour in the Met Office global numerical weather prediction system
Authors: Saunders Roger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe representation of water vapour in numerical weather prediction models is still subject to significant uncertainties, which are partly due to the lack of observations of water vapour in the lower troposphere over land and sea‐ice areas. There are now several satellite datasets of total column water vapour available, which make use of the reflected radiances from the surface in the near‐infrared spectral region where there are water vapour absorption bands. The ocean and land cover imager (OLCI) on the Sentinel‐3A and 3B satellites measures the top of atmosphere radiances in the near infrared, and a total column water vapour product is retrieved and made available in near real time. Comparisons of the total column water vapour from OLCI with NWP model 6‐h forecasts, collocated ground‐based GNSS measurements and radiosonde profiles have been undertaken to determine the accuracy of the product. Following the monitoring, some experiments were made to assimilate the OLCI total column water vapour over land using the Met Office 4D‐Var assimilation system. A 5‐month trial assimilating the OLCI data has shown consistently positive impacts on the forecast scores with some changes to the water vapour distribution in the model.
Persistent homology of tumor CT scans is associated with survival in lung cancer
Authors: Somasundaram Eashwar , Litzler Adam , Wadhwa Raoul , Barker‐Clarke Rowan , Scott Jacob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeRadiomics, the objective study of nonvisual features in clinical imaging, has been useful in informing decisions in clinical oncology. However, radiomics currently lacks the ability to characterize the overall topological structure of the data. This niche can be filled by persistent homology, a form of topological data analysis that analyzes high‐level structure. We hypothesized that persistent homology features quantified using cubical complexes could be extracted from lung tumor scans and related to survival.MethodsWe obtained segmented computed tomography (CT) lung scans (n = 565) from the NSCLC‐Radiomics and NSCLC‐Radiogenomics datasets in The Cancer Imaging Archive. These scans are three‐dimensional images whose pixel intensity corresponds to a number of Hounsfield units. Cubical complexes are a topological image analysis method that effectively analyzes the number of topological features in an image as the image is thresholded at different intensities. We calculated a novel output called a feature curve by plotting the number of zero‐dimensional (0D) topological features counted from the cubical complex filtration against each Hounsfield value. This curve's first moment of distribution was utilized as a summary statistic to show association with survival in a Cox proportional hazards model. We hypothesized that persistent homology features quantified using cubical complexes could be extracted from lung tumor scans and related to survival.ResultsAfter controlling for tumor image size, age, and stage, the first moment of the 0D topological feature curve was associated with poorer survival (HR = 1.118; 95% CI = 1.026–1.218; p = 0.01). The patients in our study with the lowest first moment scores had significantly better survival (1238 days; 95% CI = 936–1599) compared to the patients with the highest first moment scores (429 days; 95% CI = 326–601; p = 0.0015).ConclusionsWe have shown that persistent homology can generate useful clinical correlates from tumor CT scans. Our 0D topological feature curve statistic predicts survival in lung cancer patients. This novel statistic may be used in tandem with standard radiomics variables to better inform clinical oncology decisions.
A high‐Z inorganic scintillator–based detector for time‐resolved in vivo dosimetry during brachytherapy
Authors: Jørgensen Erik B. , Johansen Jacob G. , Overgaard Joakim , Piché‐Meunier Dominique , Tho Daline , Rosales Haydee M. L. , Tanderup Kari , Beaulieu Luc , Kertzscher Gustavo , Beddar Sam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeHigh‐dose rate (HDR) and pulsed‐dose rate (PDR) brachytherapy would benefit from an independent treatment verification system to monitor treatment delivery and to detect errors in real time. This paper characterizes and provides an uncertainty budget for a detector based on a fiber‐coupled high‐Z inorganic scintillator capable of performing time‐resolved in vivo dosimetry during HDR and PDR brachytherapy.MethodThe detector was composed of a detector probe and an optical reader. The detector probe consisted of either a 0.5 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3 (HDR) or a 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3 (PDR) cuboid ZnSe:O crystal glued onto an optical‐fiber cable. The outer diameter of the detector probes was 1 mm, and fit inside standard brachytherapy catheters. The signal from the detector probe was read out at 20 Hz by a photodiode and a data acquisition device inside the optical reader. In order to construct an uncertainty budget for the detector, six characteristics were determined: (1) temperature dependence of the detector probe, (2) energy dependence as a function of the probe‐to‐source position in 2D (determined with 2 mm resolution using a robotic arm), (3) the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), (4) short‐term stability over 8 h, and (5) long‐term stability of three optical readers and four probes used for in vivo monitoring in HDR and PDR treatments over 21 months (196 treatments and 189 detector calibrations, and (6) dose‐rate dependence.ResultsThe total uncertainty of the detector at a 20 mm probe‐to‐source distance was < 5.1% and < 5.8% for the HDR and PDR versions, respectively. Regarding the above characteristics, (1) the sensitivity of the detector decreased by an average of 1.4%/°C for detector probe temperatures varying from 22 to 37°C; (2) the energy dependence of the detector was nonlinear and depended on both probe‐to‐source distance and the angle between the probe and the brachytherapy source; (3) the median SNRs were 187 and 34 at a 20 mm probe‐to‐source distance for the HDR and PDR versions, respectively (corresponding median source activities of 4.8 and 0.56 Ci, respectively); (4) the detector response varied by 0.6% in 11 identical irradiations over 8 h; (5) the sensitivity of the four detector probes decreased systematically by 0–1.2%/100 Gy of dose delivered to the probes, and random fluctuations of 4.8% in the sensitivity were observed for the three probes used in PDR and 1.9% for the probe used in HDR; and (6) the detector response was linear with dose rate.ConclusionZnSe:O detectors can be used effectively for in vivo dosimetry and with high accuracy for HDR and PDR brachytherapy applications.
Towards robust glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in humans at 3 T: Arterial input function measurements and the effects of infusion time
Authors: Seidemo Anina , Lehmann Patrick M. , Rydhög Anna , Wirestam Ronnie , Helms Gunther , Zhang Yi , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Sundgren Pia C. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Knutsson Linda 
Published: September 2021

Dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential for tumor imaging using D‐glucose as a biodegradable contrast agent. The DGE signal change is small at 3 T (around 1%) and accurate detection is hampered by motion. The intravenous D‐glucose injection is associated with transient side effects that can indirectly generate subject movements. In this study, the aim was to study DGE arterial input functions (AIFs) in healthy volunteers at 3 T for different scanning protocols, as a step towards making the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) protocol more robust. Two different infusion durations (1.5 and 4.0 min) and saturation frequency offsets (1.2 and 2.0 ppm) were used. The effect of subject motion on the DGE signal was studied by using motion estimates retrieved from standard retrospective motion correction to create pseudo‐DGE maps, where the apparent DGE signal changes were entirely caused by motion. Furthermore, the DGE AIFs were compared with venous blood glucose levels. A significant difference (p = 0.03) between arterial baseline and postinfusion DGE signal was found after D‐glucose infusion. The results indicate that the measured DGE AIF signal change depends on both motion and blood glucose concentration change, emphasizing the need for sufficient motion correction in glucoCEST imaging. Finally, we conclude that a longer infusion duration (e.g. 3–4 min) should preferably be used in glucoCEST experiments, because it can minimize the glucose infusion side effects without negatively affecting the DGE signal change.
Construction of lamellar morphology by side‐chain crystalline comb‐like polymers for gas barrier
Authors: Kong Peng , Deng Jingqian , Du Zhongjie , Zou Wei , Zhang Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA comb‐like polymer containing crystallized alkyl side chains and the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the linking groups was fabricated by grafting long‐chain fatty amine onto poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid)n (P(S‐AA)n, wherein “n” denoted AA feed ratio). The chemical structures and crystallization behaviors of the comb‐like polymer P(S‐AA)n‐g(p) (wherein “p” denoted the number of side‐chain carbon atoms) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, respectively. It was found that the lamellar morphology could be generated by controlling the grafting density and side chain length of P(S‐AA)n‐g(p). Moreover, it was identified that the hydrogen bonds between amide groups could enhance the crystallinity and then adjust the interlamellar spacing of lamellar phase. As a result, P(S‐AA)70‐g(18) with the highest degree of crystallinity and closely packed lamellar morphology showed a good gas‐barrier performance, and the nitrogen permeability reached 1.78 × 10−14 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa. Furthermore, the permeation switch of the obtained comb‐like polymer could reach 500 times traversing the melting point.
Telerehabilitation perceptions and experiences of physiatrists in a lower‐middle‐income country during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Leochico Carl Froilan D. , Rey‐Matias Beatrice Milrose V. , Rey‐Matias Reynaldo R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic catalyzed the adoption of telerehabilitation in various health care settings. However, there was neither a preexisting national guideline in the Philippines nor an internationally agreed upon standard for telerehabilitation. The literature lacks nationwide studies documenting how physiatrists perceived and experienced telerehabilitation during the pandemic.ObjectiveTo determine the perceptions and experiences of physiatrists in the Philippines regarding telerehabilitation.DesignOnline survey originally developed by the authors with inputs from local experts in telehealth or telerehabilitation.SettingNationwide, involving board‐certified physiatrists practicing in the Philippines.ParticipantsFellows of the Philippine Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine (PARM) (N = 259) with Internet access.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf‐reported telerehabilitation knowledge, skills, and experience; key concerns; preferred clients, service offerings, and methods (technology, duration, charging).ResultsThe respondents (n = 161; 62.2% response rate) had a mean age of 48.1 ± 9.6 years, were mostly female (57.8%), and mostly practiced in private hospitals and urban settings. The majority reported inadequate telerehabilitation knowledge (61.5%), skills (58.4%), and experience (72.1%). The most common sources of telerehabilitation knowledge were colleagues (52.8%), PARM (51.6%), and telemedicine‐related websites (41.6%). Most of the respondents preferred to conduct telerehabilitation with former patients over new ones and prescribe telerehabilitation programs for physical, occupational, psychological, and speech‐language therapy but not for swallowing therapy. Videoconferencing was the most common telerehabilitation method. More than half of the respondents charged lesser fees for telerehabilitation compared to in‐person consultations. Although the majority recognized the need for telerehabilitation, their key concerns included the lack of thorough patient examination and medicolegal liability issues.ConclusionDespite their limited baseline knowledge, skills, and experience regarding telerehabilitation, many physiatrists in the Philippines learned to adopt this service delivery method during the pandemic. Their perceptions and experiences could be used in formulating practice‐based guidelines and strategies to improve the conduct of telerehabilitation in the country.
Theoretical investigation on the gas phase reaction mechanism of methanol with Sn and Pb in sludge incineration
Authors: Lu Chenggang , Zhao Hui , Wang Shuangjun , Tang Yizhen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, using the M06‐2X method with Land2DZ for Sn and Pb atom and 6‐311++G(d,p) for the remaining atoms, the reaction mechanisms and products of Sn and Pb with methanol in sludge incineration were investigated. Result shows that Sn and Pb react with CH3OH via insertion mechanism into different chemical bond, that is, CH, CO, and OH bond. The order of stability of final products is CH3MOH > CH3OMH > HMCH2OH (M = Sn and Pb) from the most stable to the least stable. Moreover, the reactivity of Sn towards methanol is higher than that of Pb via the same insertion chemical bond. Kinetically, the order of barrier height via insertion into different chemical bond is CO > OH > CH bond from highest to lowest, which is contrast to the stability of products. Thermodynamics indicates that all products are spontaneous to be formed below 1500 K in incinerator. It is therefore Sn‐ and Pb‐contained organic compounds would be generated readily in incineration of sludge. The secondary treatment of bottom slag or fly ash is expected to reduce the pollution to environment after incineration of Sn‐ and Pb‐contained sludge.
Functional Characteristics and Physical Properties of Spray Dried Starch Inclusion Complexes with Drugs
Authors: Marinopoulou Anna , Zoumaki Maria , Goulas Athanasios , Petridis Dimitris , Raphaelides Stylianos , Aslampaloglou Antonios , Tzikas Achileas , Karageorgiou Vassilis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStarch systems containing bioactive compounds (ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, myristic acid) are produced in a pilot plant scale spray dryer. The obtained powders are characterized in terms of their physical properties namely moisture, solubility, bulk and tapped density, suspensibility, hygroscopicity, cohesiveness, flowability, and particle size. The effect of spray drying processing parameters and storage relative humidity on the physical properties of powders is investigated. Light microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) are used to characterize the morphology of the powders and assess possible interaction of amylose with the bioactive compounds. A multiple response optimization is performed to determine the optimal physical properties for achieving the ideal powder formulation that jointly satisfy the spray drying operating conditions. Results revealed that the physical properties of powders are mainly affected by the different operating conditions employed during spray drying. All samples displayed significant differences in their physical properties. Microscopic examination showed the presence of disrupted and intact starch granules, albeit swollen. The optimal processing parameters for the production of spray dried powders with more satisfactory physical properties are obtained at high inlet temperatures. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) showed that there are strong positive correlations among the physical properties of the powders.
Restoring force model of high‐strength concrete‐encased CFST composite columns
Authors: Ke Xiaojun , Yang Tingting , Li Juntao 
Published: September 2021

SummaryTo investigate the seismic behavior of high‐strength concrete‐encased concrete‐filled steel tube (HSC‐encased CFST) composite column, eight specimens with a high axial compression ratio were tested under lateral cyclic loading and constant axial compressive loading in this paper. Key points on the load–displacement skeleton curve of the composite columns were obtained based on the experimental results. The test parameters include the axial compression ratio, volume stirrup ratio, stirrup form, and the diameter‐width ratio. All specimens failed in the flexural mode, with the crushing of compressive concrete and losing of vertical load‐carrying capacity. The ductility and deformation capacity decrease with the axial compression ratio increasing, and enhancing the volume stirrup ratio within 1.33–1.63% can provide an effective confinement of composite column. The ultimate strength of specimen with the octagonal stirrup is 23.8% higher than that with well stirrup, and the ductility and load‐carrying capacity are enhanced due to the increase of diameter‐width ratio. A degrading trilinear restoring force model of HSC‐encased CFST composite column with a high compression ratio is proposed. The comparisons made between calculated results and test results show such a high agreement, which indicates the proposed restoring force model is applicable to such HSC‐encased CFST composite column. It provides a theoretical basement for further research on the nonlinear dynamic analysis of such CFST composite column.
Feasibility of teledentistry in population groups: Introducing a matrix model for its assessment
Authors: Suresh Lekshmi R. , Hegde Amitha M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has seen a sudden increase in the demand for healthcare organizations to improve their utilization of digital platforms to supplement the reach of conventional healthcare services. In the wake of this crisis, dentistry is on the cusp of a major overhaul, promoting preventive practices and a rapid shift to teledentistry platforms. A random push to adapt to teledentistry platforms may cause the straining of available resources and manpower, especially in sectors involved in the care of vulnerable population groups like children, individuals with special needs and those in the low socioeconomic strata. It is thus advisable to make this transition systematically, beginning with an analysis of feasibility, done periodically, to maximize efficiency. Described in this article is a system to facilitate this transition by utilizing a matrix model, laying foundation for assessment of feasibility based on target population characteristics. It calls for the improvement of population characteristics to reduce strain on the healthcare sector using key indicators of the model, paired against potential barriers, and is described using a case study from the field.
Reversing Tree Encroachment Increases Usable Space for Sage‐Grouse during the Breeding Season
Authors: OLSEN ANDREW C. , SEVERSON JOHN P. , ALLRED BRADY W. , JONES MATTHEW O. , MAESTAS JEREMY D. , NAUGLE DAVID E. , YATES KATE H. , HAGEN CHRISTIAN A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn the Great Basin, coniferous trees are expanding their range at a rate higher than any other time during the Holocene. Approximately 90% of the expansion has occurred in ecosystems previously dominated by sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.). Transitions from open, sagebrush steppe to woodlands are considered a threat to the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a sagebrush obligate gallinaceous bird that occupies approximately 56% of its pre‐European settlement distribution. Using a telemetry data set from 2010–2017 breeding seasons for a treatment area with conifer removal and an experimental control area, we assessed the efficacy of conifer removal for increasing usable space and determined relative probability of use of a landscape previously impacted by conifer expansion. Sage‐grouse increasingly selected areas closer to conifer removals and were 26% more likely to use removal areas each year after removal. Sage‐grouse were most likely to select areas where conifer cover had been reduced by ≤10%. The proportion of available locations having a high relative probability of use increased from 5% to 31% between 2011 and 2017 in the treatment area and locations with the lowest relative probability of use decreased from 57% to 21% over the same period. Dynamics in relative probability of use at available locations in the control area were stochastic or stable and did not demonstrate clear temporal trends relative to the treatment area. Targeted conifer removal is an effective tool for increasing usable space for sage‐grouse during the breeding season and for restoring landscapes affected by conifer expansion. © 2021 The Authors.Wildlife Society Bulletinpublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
New physics searches at the ILC positron and electron beam dumps
Authors: Asai Kento , Iwamoto Sho , Sakaki Yasuhito , Ueda Daiki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study capability of the ILC beam dump experiment to search for new physics, comparing the performance of the electron and positron beam dumps. The dark photon, axion-like particles, and light scalar bosons are considered as new physics scenarios, where all the important production mechanisms are included: electron-positron pair-annihilation, Primakoff process, and bremsstrahlung productions.We find that the ILC beam dump experiment has higher sensitivity than past beam dump experiments, with the positron beam dump having slightly better performance for new physics particles which are produced by the electron-positron pair-annihilation.