bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mystical Meaning and Anamorphic Form in Narciso Tomé’s Transparente
Authors: Moffitt John F. 
Published: January 2021

Le célèbre complexe sculptural-architectural dénommé le « Transparente », à l’est de la cathédrale de Tolède, a été construit par l’architecte et décorateur espagnol, Narciso Tomé, entre 1721 et 1734. Quelques quarante ans après son achèvement, il était déjà calomnié par un critique très en vue d’art néo-classique, Antonio Ponz, qui lui reprochait de ne représenter que « confusion et barbarisme ». Plus qu’à son tour, il servit de mauvais exemple de la « profusion du style baroque ». Ces détractions proviennent du fait que leurs auteurs considèrent cette structure compliquée comme un simple étalage de virtuosité de la part de son créateur, Tomé. Ces considérations s’avèrent néanmoins injustifiées, spécialement si l’on tient compte du lieu où se trouve cet assemblage détaillé—dans la cathédrale qui représente le Saint siège de l’Espagne catholique. En bref, une telle commande—en ce lieu vénérable—doit être réinterprétée dans l’optique de doctrines théologiques rigoureusement orthodoxes pour parvenir à une nouvelle interprétation mystique et « anamorphique ».
Aux fins d’analyse iconographique, nous reconsidérons ici l’ensemble dans son contexte original, c’est-à-dire comme un ensemble en deux parties : 1. le mur de l’autel arrière sculpté à profusion, qui s’élève du sol, et 2. la « chambre oculus », en forme de coupole, qui le surmonte en angle et dont l’ouverture vitrée et circulaire, l’ « oculus », capte les rayons de soleil lourds de symboles. Pour cet exposé, nous avons préparé plusieurs schémas et modèles pour cerner les différents éléments iconographiques du Transparente, ce qui nous permet, en outre, de reconstituer les rapports spatiaux qui existent entre chaque élément individuel de l’ensemble du complexe.
D’après cette nouvelle interprétation du Transparente, certaines « déformations de perspective » manifestes ne peuvent se « rectifier » que lorsqu’on les regarde vers le bas—par la fenêtre de l’oculus. Après « rectifications », on comprend que ces « déformations » (que l’on perçoit au ras du sol) proviennent d’un exercice calculé de « perspective anamorphique », très pratiqué du temps de Tomé. Nous présentons des arguments géométriques et théologiques appropriés afin de démontrer que la réorganisation nécessaire de la perspective a été réalisée en fait dans un « oeil de Dieu » métaphorique, l’Oculus Dei.
A Newly Discovered Portrait by F. H. Varley
Authors: Kirkpatrick Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Un des premiers portraits réalisés par Frederick Varley a été découvert récemment à l’Université de Toronto (Fig. 145). Le sujet de cette oeuvre, W. Theophilus Stuart (1853-1915), était médecin et professeur à cette Université. La date du décès de ce dernier, de même que le style du tableau, permettent de conclure que l’artiste a peint ce portrait dans les trois premières années suivant son arrivée au Canada (1912-15). Ce tableau, dont le style et la composition sont semblables à ceux du seul portrait connu de l’artiste qui remonte à cette période, soit un dessin de son père (Fig. 146), est vraisemblablement le premier portrait de Varley réalisé sur toile. Il présage également les rapports que l’artiste allait entretenir avec l’Université, particulièrement soutenus au cours des années 20. Aucun lien n’a été établi entre Stuart et Varley, mais deux intermédiaires possibles sont proposés, tous deux des amis de Varley et des collègues du Dr Stuart. Par comparaison aux portraits exécutés par l’artiste plus tard dans sa carrière, ce tableau est de style plutôt conservateur et traditionnel. Il démontre, tout comme les premières oeuvres de l’artiste, que Varley n’avait pas subi l’influence des tendances artistiques d’Europe au moment de son arrivée au Canada et qu’il a élaboré son style plus contemporain une fois ici.
Maître-disciple : une relation topique
Authors: Duché Véronique , Jeay Madeleine , Tran-Gervat Yen-Mai 
Published: January 2021

Si c’est au personnage de Fénelon que le mentor doit son nom – Mentor est le précepteur du héros éponyme des Aventures de Télémaque (1699) – le mentorat, ce lien qui, selon Françoise Waquet « signifie à la fois l’autorité et l’affection, la filiation et la continuité des générations, le don des connaissances et la production des talents», existe depuis bien plus longtemps. Il nous a semblé intéressant d’étudier dans la durée ce lien à la fois émotif, intellectuel et social, et d’en examiner l’expression dans les textes d’Ancien Régime tout particulièrement.
Transanal Endoscopic Operation for Rectocutaneous Fistula After Low Anterior Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Yu-Jen , Pu Ta-Wei , Lin Gang-Hua , Lin Nung-Sheng , Kang Jung-Cheng , Hsiao Cheng-Wen , Chen Chao-Yang , Hu Je-Ming , Lin Tzu-Chiao 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Enterocutaneous fistulas can be caused by abscess formation at the site of anastomotic leakage (AL) after surgery. Rectocutaneous fistula following low anterior resection (LAR) is rare, and medical management of enterocutaneous fistulas is usually the initial treatment. We report a case of rectocutaneous fistula after laparoscopic LAR, which was successfully treated, for the first time, with a transanal endoscopic operation (TEO).

Case presentation
A 58-year-old man presented with a history of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, peptic ulcer, and recent diagnosis of rectal cancer. The patient underwent laparoscopic LAR with coloanal anastomosis complicated with AL. He then underwent transanal repair of the anastomosis site and laparoscopy with ileostomy. Six months later, he complained of a painful mass lesion over the right buttock that relieved after passing purulent fluid and feces. Colonoscopy and imaging revealed a fistula, for which he received antibiotics and wound incision and drainage. He also underwent TEO repair of the rectal fistula, recovered well, and was discharged from the hospital. On follow-up 7 months later, there was no recurrence or sign of localized infection.

Conclusion
TEO repair may be an effective method for managing rectocutaneous fistula after LAR complicated with AL instead of a major operation.
D2DArchitecture in Unlicensed Spectrum
Authors: Wu Jen‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe growing number of mobile devices increasingly demands the capacity of cellular networks. The device‐to‐device (D2D) communication that enables direct links between near‐by devices has been envisioned as a complementary technology to cellular networks for 5G and beyond. Offloading traffic from traditional network‐centric communications to direct D2D networks increases the network capacity and spectral efficiency, as well as sharing the computation loading at the base station.The D2D communications can be classified intoD2D‐Licensed(D2D‐L) andD2D‐Unlicensed(D2D‐U) for D2D operating in licensed and unlicensed bands respectively. The D2D‐L can be further classified into overlay and underlay D2D‐L and the D2D‐U can be further classified into controlled and autonomous. In this article, we will discuss the D2D communication architecture to illustrate the control signal plane and data signal plane operations. The D2D communication network is suitable for many applications, such as relaying, offloading, proximity service (ProSe), content‐aware service, content distribution, and critical communications. We will discuss the interesting applications and use cases. Instead of relying on the cellular links, the D2D communications open the horizons of device‐centric communication which enables new services such as proximity service (ProSe), and content‐aware service, and so on.Nevertheless, there are challenges for D2D communications, which require enabling technologies to make it happen. In this article, we present a survey of existing and expected technologies in related aspects such as interference management, device discovery, and network security in D2D networks.
4G
to
5G
– What Is Included, Interworking
Authors: Lavasani Shahab , Fenqin Zhu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article describes the method to support the interworking between the 5GS and EPS networks. Two types of mechanisms, i.e. RAN‐ and CN‐based interworking, are introduced. For the CN‐based interworking mechanism, the UE may operate in single‐ or dual‐registration mode, and the network may support the interworking with or without N26 configuration. The relation between the UE operation mode and the network configuration case is clarified. The mobility and the PDU Session handling in different network configurations are described. The mobility handling includes GUTI mapping, registration or TAU procedure selection, and network sharing specific consideration. The PDU Session handling includes the method to do the parameter mapping between the PDU Session and PDN Connection, EBI management, QoS flow status synchronization, multiple PGW‐C + SMF selection, APN rate and small data rate handling, and buffered data forwarding. Network slice is one important feature supported in 5GS network but not in EPS network. Thus, the method to support one PDN Connection move to 5GS network associated with the suitable slice is discussed. Finally, the service exposure due to the interworking is also mentioned.
5G NR
Physical Layer Aspects
Authors: Koorapaty Havish 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
5G New Radio is a wireless access technology that is designed to meet or exceed IMT‐2020 requirements outlined by the ITU‐R for fifth‐generation mobile wireless systems. 5G NR is designed to serve a wide variety of use cases with vastly differing requirements including enhanced mobile broadband, ultrareliable low‐latency communications, and massive machine‐type communications. Important benefits of 5G NR include access to a much larger spectrum range including millimeter‐wave spectrum, ultralean transmissions for better system performance and energy efficiency, low latency, advanced multiantenna techniques for spectral efficiency and coverage in millimeter‐wave spectrum, and forward compatibility for seamless technology evolution. This article focuses on the physical layer of 5G NR including the structure of signals and channels in the time, frequency, and spatial domains; processing of transport and control channels including functions such as modulation, channel coding, and hybrid ARQ; and access and management functions including cell search, synchronization, and beam management.
Analysis of the survival and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with mental disorders
Authors: Kurashige Junji , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Mima Kosuke , Nomoto Daichi , Shigaki Hironobu , Yamashita Kohei , Morinaga Takeshi , Iwagami Shiro , Miyanari Nobutomo , Baba Hideo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimMany studies have shown that patients with mental disorders are less likely than non‐psychiatric patients to be diagnosed with or treated for various types of cancers because of their low awareness and understanding of the disease as well as reduced ability to cooperate with medical staff. We analyzed the clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and preexisting mental illness.MethodsAll patients underwent primary tumor resection for CRC. We reviewed the records of 68 patients who were diagnosed with mental disorders. The patients' clinicopathological information was compared with that of a control group of 893 CRC patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the overall disease stage at the time of surgery between the groups. However, disease‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival were significantly worse in the mental disorder group than in the control group (P < .01). In particular, among those with stage III CRC, overall survival was significantly worse in the patients with mental disorders than in the non‐psychiatric patients (P < .001). The frequency of complications of ≥grade 2 according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification was higher in the SMI group because of postoperative paralytic ileus.ConclusionsAdvanced CRC patients with mental disorders are less likely to receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for recurrent cancer than CRC patients without mental disorders; therefore, they experience worse outcomes. Collaboration across multiple departments is necessary for managing CRC patients with mental disorders.
Membrane fouling by lysozyme: Effect of local interaction
Authors: Ma Yunqiao , Zydney Andrew L. , Chew Jia Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the adsorption of positive‐charged lysozyme onto negative‐charged polyvinylidene fluoride membrane at three pH and two ionic strengths. The lysozyme was initialized at six orientations at 10 Å from the membrane and adsorption was deemed to occur when the lysozyme is less than 4 Å from the membrane. Local interactions are clearly important: (i) despite opposite net charges, no adsorption occurs in some cases throughout; (ii) lysozyme‐membrane separation distances differ among the initial orientations of lysozyme; and (iii) the correlation between lysozyme‐membrane interaction energy and adsorption probability is poor. Correspondingly, seven key local adsorption sites on lysozyme were identified. Of the two most common sites, one anchors due to electrostatics, while the other is not electrostatics‐based. Also, different sites are dominant in different feed conditions and have different interaction energies. These results reveal the importance of local interactions in membrane fouling by proteins in different feed conditions.
Ethylammonium nitrate enhances the extraction of transition metal nitrates by tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP)
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Zidan , Onghena Bieke , Li Xiaohua , Binnemans Koen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral molecular polar solvents have been used as solvents of the more polar phase in the solvent extraction (SX) of metals. However, the use of hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents has seldomly been explored for this application. Here, the hydrophilic IL ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), has been utilized as a polar solvent in SX of transition metal nitrates by tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP). It was found that the extraction from EAN is considerably stronger than that from a range of molecular polar solvents. The main species of Co(II) and Fe(III) in EAN are likely [Co(NO3)4]2− and [Fe(NO3)4]−, respectively. The extracted species are likely Fe(TBP)3(NO3)3 and a mixture of Co(TBP)2(NO3)2 and Co(TBP)3(NO3)2. The addition of H2O or LiCl to EAN reduces the extraction because the metal cations coordinate to water molecules and chloride ions stronger than to nitrate ions. This study highlights the potential of using hydrophilic ILs to enhance SX of metals.
Opposite selectivities of tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and Cyanex 923 in solvent extraction of lithium and magnesium
Authors: Li Zheng , Binnemans Koen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synergic solvent extraction system of tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) and FeCl3 (or ionic liquids, ILs) has been extensively studied for selective extraction of Li from Mg‐containing brines. However, Cyanex 923 (C923), which extracts many metals stronger than TBP, has not yet been examined for Li/Mg separation. Here, we report on the unexpected observation that the C923/FeCl3 system has opposite Li/Mg selectivity compared to the TBP/FeCl3 system. Detailed investigations show that the opposite selectivity of the C923/FeCl3 (or IL) system is due to three factors: (1) the strong extraction of Fe by C923 leads to a low concentration of [FeCl4]− in the system, which is essential for Li extraction; (2) C923 in combination with an IL extracts Mg strongly by an ion‐pair mechanism; (3) most importantly, C923 extracts Mg by solvation, resulting in an insufficient concentration of C923 for Li extraction. The unexpected poor Li/Mg selectivity of C923 highlights the irreplaceable role of TBP in the selective recovery of Li.
CLARITY: Co‐occurrences in achondroplasia—craniosynostosis, seizures, and decreased risk of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Legare Janet M. , Pauli Richard M. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Bober Michael B. , Smid Cory J. , Modaff Peggy , Little Mary Ellen , Rodriguez‐Buritica David F. , Serna Maria Elena , Alade Adekemi Yewande , Liu Chengxin , Hoover‐Fong Julie E. , Hashmi S. Shahrukh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAchondroplasia is the most common disproportionate short statured skeletal dysplasia with a prevalence of approximately 1:20,000–30,000. We created the largest database to date of a historical cohort of 1374 patients with achondroplasia (CLARITY—aChondropLasia nAtuRal hIsTory studY). This cohort was queried for the presence of unrecognized or under‐recognized features associated with achondroplasia. Craniosynostosis was found to co‐occur with achondroplasia in 9 (0.65%) patients in this cohort, which is much higher than the general population prevalence of 3.1–7.2 per 10,000. In addition, 27 patients had seizures (2.0%), an apparent excess as compared to the general population. Only two people had diabetes despite a high rate of adult obesity. This report documents for the first time an increased prevalence of craniosynostosis in persons with achondroplasia, and adds support to previous observations of an apparently higher than expected prevalence of seizures and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
Synthesis Strategies for α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐Carbolines
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Rong‐Hong , Wang Li‐Xia , Li Yong‐Jun , Liao Shang‐Gao , Zhou Meng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbolines are widely present in various natural products and biological molecules. Numerous studies have shown the broad biological activities of these heterocyclic motifs, such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antiarrhythmic, and antidepressant activities, making carbolines very important in pharmaceutical applications. According to the different positions of nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring, carbolines are divided into four types, named α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐carbolines. So far, numbers of strategies have been developed for each carboline, whereas the synthetic methods of four carbolines are different from each other. In this review, the synthetic strategy of four carbolines were summarized, providing the potential use of these scaffolds in therapeutic applications.
Probing Physical Oxidation State by Resonant X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy: Applications to Iron Model Complexes and Nitrogenase
Authors: Castillo Rebeca G. , Hahn Anselm W. , Van Kuiken Benjamin E. , Henthorn Justin T. , McGale Jeremy , DeBeer Serena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ability of resonant X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to recover physical oxidation state information, which may often be ambiguous in conventional X‐ray spectroscopy, is demonstrated. By combining Kβ XES with resonant excitation in the XAS pre‐edge region, resonant Kβ XES (or 1s3p RXES) data are obtained, which probe the 3dn+1 final‐state configuration. Comparison of the non‐resonant and resonant XES for a series of high‐spin ferrous and ferric complexes shows that oxidation state assignments that were previously unclear are now easily made. The present study spans iron tetrachlorides, iron sulfur clusters, and the MoFe protein of nitrogenase. While 1s3p RXES studies have previously been reported, to our knowledge, 1s3p RXES has not been previously utilized to resolve questions of metal valency in highly covalent systems. As such, the approach presented herein provides chemists with means to more rigorously and quantitatively address challenging electronic‐structure questions.
Highly Efficient Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Molecular Passivation
Authors: Liang Aihui , Wang Kang , Gao Yao , Finkenauer Blake P. , Zhu Chenhui , Jin Linrui , Huang Libai , Dou Letian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are promising for applications in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), but still suffer from defects‐mediated nonradiative losses, which represent a major efficiency‐limiting factor in perovskite‐based LEDs (PeLEDs). Reported here is a strategy to synthesize molecular passivators with different anchoring groups for defects passivation. The passivated perovskite thin films exhibit improved optoelectronic properties as well as reduced grain size and surface roughness, thus enable highly efficient PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 15.6 % using an imidazolium terminated passivator. Further demonstrated is that the in situ formation of low‐dimensional perovskite phase on the surface of three‐dimensional perovskite nanograins is responsible for surface defects passivation, which leads to significantly enhanced device performance. Our results provide new fundamental insights into the role of organic molecular passivators in boosting the performance of PeLEDs.
Co‐polymerization of propylene oxide and CO2 using early transition metal (groups IV and V) metallocalix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8)
Authors: Xing Tian , Wang Zhong‐Yu , Sun Yong‐Chang , He Zhen‐Hong , Wang Kuan , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Bedwell Elizabeth V. , Redshaw Carl 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA number of metallocalix[n]arenes, where n = 4, 6, or 8, of titanium and vanadium have been screened for their ability to act as catalysts for the co‐polymerization of propylene oxide and CO2 to form cyclic/polycarbonates. The vanadium‐containing catalysts, namely [VO(L1Me)] (1), [(VO2)L2H6] (2), [Na(NCMe)6]2[(Na[VO]4L2)(Na(NCMe))3]2 (3), [VO(μ‐OH)L3/H2]2∙6CH2Cl2 (4), {[VO]2(μ‐O)L4[Na(NCMe)2]2} (5), {[V(Np‐tolyl)]2L4} (6) and [V(Np‐RC6H4)Cl3] (R = Cl (7), OMe (8), CF3 (9)), where L1H3 = methylether‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]areneH3, L2H8 = p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]areneH8, L3H4 = p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]areneH4, L4H6 = p‐tert‐butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]areneH6, performed poorly, affording, in the majority of cases, TONs less than 1 at 90°C over 6 h and low molecular weight oligomeric products (Mn ≤ 1665). In the case of the titanocalix[8]arenes, {(TiX)2[TiX(NCMe)]2(μ3‐O)2(L2)} (X = Cl (10), Br (11), I (12)), which all adopt a similar, ladder‐type structure, the activity under the same conditions is somewhat higher (TONs >6) and follows the trend Cl > Br > I; by comparison the non‐calixarene species [TiCl4(THF)2] was virtually inactive. In the case of 10, it was observed that the use of PPNCl (bis[triphenylphosphine]iminium chloride) as co‐catalyst significantly improved both the polymer yield and molecular weight (Mn 3515). The molecular structures of the complexes [HNEt3]2[VO(μ‐O)L3H2]2∙3CH2Cl2 (4∙3CH2Cl2), [VO(μ‐OH)L3/H2]2∙6CH2Cl2 (4/) (where L3/H2 is a partially oxidized form of L3H4) and {(TiCl)2[TiCl(NCMe)]2(μ3‐O)2(L2)}·6.5MeCN (10·6.5MeCN) are reported.