bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEP (−2548G>A LEP) and LEPR (223Gln>Arg, 109Lys>Arg) polymorphisms as breast cancer risk factors in the Polish female population
Authors: Hołysz Hanna , Paszel-Jaworska Anna , Romaniuk-Drapała Aleksandra , Grodecka-Gazdecka Sylwia , Rubiś Błażej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn a global scale, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and it is still a growing problem. Therefore, new prognostic or diagnostic markers are required that would facilitate the assessment of patients or provide more efficient therapy, respectively. In these studies, we analyzed the contribution of LEP (2548G>A) and LEPR (109 Lys>Arg and 223Gln>Arg) genes polymorphisms to the risk of breast cancer development. The study involved 209 women aged 59.6 ± 11 years diagnosed with breast cancer and 202 healthy women aged 57.8 ± 8.2 years, who were blood donors. Polymorphism were evaluated by PCR–RFLP reaction followed by the verification of part of the samples by sequencing. The results of the study confirmed obesity as a significant breast cancer development risk factor in Polish women. However, no significant association between the studied polymorphisms and breast cancer risk or severity of the neoplastic disease was found. Interestingly, it was shown that wild type 223Gln>Gln leptin receptor (LEPR) was statistically more common in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) than human epidermal groth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer and wild type form of 2548G>A LEP was more common in women with progesterone receptor positive (PR+) than progesterone receptor negative (PR−) breast cancer. Studied polymorphisms of the LEP and LEPR genes do not increase breast cancer risk in the population of Polish women. However, they can affect PR an HER receptors expression and thus the severity of the disease. Noteworthy, this interesting correlation is being reported for the first time and might constitute an essential contribution to the identification of molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts
Authors: Reut Markus S. , Świątek Piotr , Miranda Vitor F. O. , Płachno Bartosz J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThe carnivorousUtricularia(Lentibulariaceae) has an anatomically simple and seemingly rootless vegetative body. It occupies a variety of wetlands and inland waters and shows a broad range of life forms. Here, we aimed to elucidate structural and functional traits in various hydric conditions. Furthermore, we intended to evaluate morpho-anatomical adaptations in correlation with life forms.MethodsMorpho-anatomical characteristics typical for hydrophytes of all life forms were investigated by light microscopy on 13Utriculariataxa, compared to onePinguiculaand twoGenliseataxa, and assessed by multivariate analyses.ResultsVegetative structures ofUtriculariaandGenliseashowed reduced cortical, supporting, and vascular tissues. With increasing water table, leaves were thinner, and narrower or dissected, and submerged organs tended to contain chloroplasts in parenchymatic and epidermal cells. In some main stolons, an endodermis with Casparian strips was visible. Large gas chambers, including a novel ‘crescent’ and a special ‘hollow’ aerenchyma pattern, were found in amphibious to free-floating taxa.ConclusionsThe evolutionary transfer of carnivory from aerial to subterranean organs inGenlisea, and even more inUtricularia, coincides with a highly simplified anatomy, which is adapted to a broad variety of hydric conditions and compensates for structural innovations in the uptake of nutrients.
Trinity, Number and Image. The Christian Origins of the Concept of Person
Authors: Lingua Graziano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe studies on the history of the notion of “personhood” have largely recognized that Christian thought had a central role in the development and significance of this concept throughout the history of Western civilization. In late antiquity, Christianity used some terms taken from the classic and Hellenistic vocabulary in order to express its own theological content. This operation generated a “crisis” of classical language, namely a semantic transformation in the attempt to address some aspects of reality which were not envisioned by the previous usage of these words. The term person is a paradigmatic example of this process. In fact, from the outset, it played a strategic role in formulating the idea of Incarnation, one of the central doctrines of Christianity. This essay aims to show how, during the first centuries of Christianity, the terms commonly used in order to express the notion of “personhood” (prosōpon, hypostasis and persona) became pivotal elements for the formulation of the discourse about the Trinity and progressively acquired new meanings. The analysis focuses only on the initial stage of the elaboration of this concept in Christianity and, based on some of the most significant texts, tries to bring out a series of theoretical problems that may be useful to understand the subsequent debate. In order to do so, the author divides the text in two parts. In the first one, he analyses two features strictly connected to the theological use of the term “persona”, which remained central also when this term was later referred to man. These features are individuality and ontological stability, along with the structurally relational status of personhood. In the second part, the author offers more details about the theology of the Cappadocian Fathers, in particular of Basil of Caesarea, and analyses two sectorial languages—mathematical and iconic language—used by Basil in order to describe the intra-trinitarian relationships.
Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
Authors:   NSO, DKIST project, and DKIST instrument scientists, Rast Mark P. ,   the DKIST Science Working Group,   the DKIST Critical Science Plan Community, Bello González Nazaret , Bellot Rubio Luis , Cao Wenda , Cauzzi Gianna , DeLuca Edward , De Pontieu Bart , Fletcher Lyndsay , Gibson Sarah E. , Judge Philip G. , Katsukawa Yukio , Kazachenko Maria D. , Khomenko Elena , Landi Enrico , Martínez Pillet Valentín , Petrie Gordon J. D. , Qiu Jiong , Rachmeler Laurel A. , Rempel Matthias , Schmidt Wolfgang , Scullion Eamon , Sun Xudong , Welsch Brian T. , Andretta Vincenzo , Antolin Patrick , Ayres Thomas R. , Balasubramaniam K. S. , Ballai Istvan , Berger Thomas E. , Bradshaw Stephen J. , Campbell Ryan J. , Carlsson Mats , Casini Roberto , Centeno Rebecca , Cranmer Steven R. , Criscuoli Serena , DeForest Craig , Deng Yuanyong , Erdélyi Robertus , Fedun Viktor , Fischer Catherine E. , González Manrique Sergio J. , Hahn Michael , Harra Louise , Henriques Vasco M. J. , Hurlburt Neal E. , Jaeggli Sarah , Jafarzadeh Shahin , Jain Rekha , Jefferies Stuart M. , Keys Peter H. , Kowalski Adam F. , Kuckein Christoph , Kuhn Jeffrey R. , Kuridze David , Liu Jiajia , Liu Wei , Longcope Dana , Mathioudakis Mihalis , McAteer R. T. James , McIntosh Scott W. , McKenzie David E. , Miralles Mari Paz , Morton Richard J. , Muglach Karin , Nelson Chris J. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Parenti Susanna , Parnell Clare E. , Poduval Bala , Reardon Kevin P. , Reep Jeffrey W. , Schad Thomas A. , Schmit Donald , Sharma Rahul , Socas-Navarro Hector , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Sterling Alphonse C. , Suematsu Yoshinori , Tarr Lucas A. , Tiwari Sanjiv , Tritschler Alexandra , Verth Gary , Vourlidas Angelos , Wang Haimin , Wang Yi-Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe National Science Foundation’sDaniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope(DKIST) will revolutionize our ability to measure, understand, and model the basic physical processes that control the structure and dynamics of the Sun and its atmosphere. The first-light DKIST images, released publicly on 29 January 2020, only hint at the extraordinary capabilities that will accompany full commissioning of the five facility instruments. With this Critical Science Plan (CSP) we attempt to anticipate some of what those capabilities will enable, providing a snapshot of some of the scientific pursuits that the DKIST hopes to engage as start-of-operations nears. The work builds on the combined contributions of the DKIST Science Working Group (SWG) and CSP Community members, who generously shared their experiences, plans, knowledge, and dreams. Discussion is primarily focused on those issues to which DKIST will uniquely contribute.
Making imagination even more embodied: imagination, constraint and epistemic relevance
Authors: Rucińska Zuzanna , Gallagher Shaun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the epistemic role that embodiment plays in imagining. We focus on two aspects of embodied cognition understood in its strong sense: explicit motoric processes related to performance, and neuronal processes rooted in bodily and action processes, and describe their role in imagining. The paper argues that these two aspects of strongly embodied cognition can play distinctive and positive roles in constraining imagining, thereby complementing Amy Kind's argument for the epistemic relevance of imagination "under constraints" and Magdalena Balcerak Jackson's argument for justification by imagination.
Permeability Estimation of Regular Porous Structures: A Benchmark for Comparison of Methods
Authors: Wagner Arndt , Eggenweiler Elissa , Weinhardt Felix , Trivedi Zubin , Krach David , Lohrmann Christoph , Jain Kartik , Karadimitriou Nikolaos , Bringedal Carina , Voland Paul , Holm Christian , Class Holger , Steeb Holger , Rybak Iryna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic permeability is a crucial parameter to characterise and quantify fluid flow through porous media. However, this parameter is typically uncertain, even if the geometry of the pore structure is available. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of experimental, semi-analytical and numerical methods to calculate the permeability of a regular porous structure. In particular, we use the Kozeny–Carman relation, different homogenisation approaches (3D, 2D, very thin porous media and pseudo 2D/3D), pore-scale simulations (lattice Boltzmann method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and finite-element method) and pore-scale experiments (microfluidics). A conceptual design of a periodic porous structure with regularly positioned solid cylinders is set up as a benchmark problem and treated with all considered methods. The results are discussed with regard to the individual strengths and limitations of the used methods. The applicable homogenisation approaches as well as all considered pore-scale models prove their ability to predict the permeability of the benchmark problem. The underestimation obtained by the microfluidic experiments is analysed in detail using the lattice Boltzmann method, which makes it possible to quantify the influence of experimental setup restrictions.
Convective Mixing Driven by Non-monotonic Density
Authors: Elenius M. T. , Gasda S. E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCO$$_\text {2}$$

2

injection for enhanced oil recovery (CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

-EOR) or for storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can be a means for disposing of anthropogenic CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

emissions to mitigate climate change. Fluid flow and mixing of CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

and hydrocarbons in such systems are governed by the underlying physics and thermodynamics. Gravity effects such as gravity override and convection are mechanisms that can alter fluid flow dynamics, impacting CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

migration, oil production and eventual CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

storage at the field scale. This study focuses on convection in a miscible setting caused by non-monotonicity in oil density when mixed with CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

, i.e., a maximum mixture density occurs at an intermediate CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

concentration. We perform high-resolution simulations to quantify the convective behavior in a simple box system where gravity effects are isolated. We show that convection of CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

in oil is dependent on whether CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

originates from above or below the oil zone. From above, convection follows classic convective mixing but is accelerated by viscosity decrease with increasing CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

. From below, convection flows upward due to CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

buoyancy, but is countered by downward convection due to the heavier mixture density. This convective system is significantly more complex and efficient than from above. We characterize the instabilities in both early- and late-time regimes and quantify mixing rates. For a 100 mD reservoir, convective fingers would be on the order of centimeters in width and mix over a meter length scale within days to a month, depending on the placement of CO$$_\text {2}$$

2

. The simulations are performed in non-dimensional form and thus can be rescaled to a different reservoir parameters. Our results give important insights into field-scale impacts of convective mixing and can guide future work in development of upscaled models and experimental design.
Anatomical organization of the lateral cervical nucleus in Artiodactyls
Authors: Grandis Annamaria , Gardini Anna , Tagliavia Claudio , Salamanca Giulia , Graïc Jean-Marie , De Silva Margherita , Bombardi Cristiano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe presence of the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) in different mammals, including humans, has been established in a number of anatomical research works. The LCN receives its afferent inputs from the spinocervical tract, and conveys this somatosensory information to the various brain areas, especially the thalamus. In the present study, the organization of the calf and pig LCN was examined through the use of thionine staining and immunohistochemical methods combined with morphometrical analyses. Specifically, the localization of calbindin-D28k (CB-D28k) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the LCN was investigated using the immunoperoxidase method. Calf and pig LCN appear as a clearly defined column of gray matter located in the three cranial segments of the cervical spinal cord. Thionine staining shows that polygonal neurons represent the main cell type in both species. The calf and pig LCN contained CB-D28k-immunoreactive (IR) neurons of varying sizes. Large neurons are probably involved in the generation of the cervicothalamic pathway. Small CB-D28k-IR neurons, on the other hand, could act as local interneurons. The immunoreactivity for nNOS was found to be mainly located in thin neuronal processes that could represent the terminal axonal portion of nNOS-IR found in laminae III e IV. This evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) could modulate the synaptic activity of the glutamatergic spinocervical tracts. These findings suggest that the LCN of Artiodactyls might play an important role in the transmission of somatosensory information from the spinal cord to the higher centers of the brain.
Object Priors for Classifying and Localizing Unseen Actions
Authors: Mettes Pascal , Thong William , Snoek Cees G. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work strives for the classification and localization of human actions in videos, without the need for any labeled video training examples. Where existing work relies on transferring global attribute or object information from seen to unseen action videos, we seek to classify and spatio-temporally localize unseen actions in videos from image-based object information only. We propose three spatial object priors, which encode local person and object detectors along with their spatial relations. On top we introduce three semantic object priors, which extend semantic matching through word embeddings with three simple functions that tackle semantic ambiguity, object discrimination, and object naming. A video embedding combines the spatial and semantic object priors. It enables us to introduce a new video retrieval task that retrieves action tubes in video collections based on user-specified objects, spatial relations, and object size. Experimental evaluation on five action datasets shows the importance of spatial and semantic object priors for unseen actions. We find that persons and objects have preferred spatial relations that benefit unseen action localization, while using multiple languages and simple object filtering directly improves semantic matching, leading to state-of-the-art results for both unseen action classification and localization.
Weight Goals, Disordered Eating Behaviors, and BMI Trajectories in US Young Adults
Authors: Chu Jonathan , Ganson Kyle T. , Vittinghoff Eric , Mitchison Deborah , Hay Phillipa , Tabler Jennifer , Rodgers Rachel F. , Murray Stuart B. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity sample data indicate that weight control efforts in young adulthood may have associations with greater increases in body mass index (BMI) over time.ObjectiveTo determine the prospective associations between weight goals and behaviors in young adults and BMI trajectories over 15-year follow-up using a nationally representative sample.DesignLongitudinal cohort data collected from 2001 to 2018 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.ParticipantsYoung adults aged 18–26 years old at baseline stratified by gender and BMI category.Main MeasuresPredictors: weight goals, any weight loss/maintenance behaviors, dieting, exercise, disordered eating behaviors. Outcomes: BMI at 7- and 15-year follow-up.Key ResultsOf the 12,155 young adults in the sample (54% female, 32% non-White), 33.2% reported a goal to lose weight, 15.7% to gain weight, and 14.6% to maintain weight. In unadjusted models, all groups have higher mean BMI at 7- and 15-year follow-up. In mixed effect models, goals to lose weight in men with BMI < 18.5 (5.94 kg/m2; 95% CI 2.58, 9.30) and goals to maintain weight in men with BMI ≥ 25 (0.44; 95% CI 0.15, 0.72) were associated with greater BMI increase compared to no weight goal. Engaging in disordered eating behaviors was associated with greater BMI increase in men with BMI < 18.5 (5.91; 2.96, 8.86) and women with 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (0.40; 0.16, 0.63). Dieting (− 0.24; − 0.41, − 0.06) and exercise (− 0.31; − 0.45, − 0.17) were associated with lower BMI increase in women with 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25. In women with BMI < 18.5, dieting was associated with greater BMI increase (1.35; 0.33, 2.37).ConclusionsWeight control efforts may have variable effects on BMI over time by gender and BMI category. These findings underscore the need to counsel patients on the effectiveness of weight control efforts and long-term weight management.
Alterations in regulatory T cells and immune checkpoint molecules in pancreatic cancer patients receiving FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel
Authors: Sams L. , Kruger S. , Heinemann V. , Bararia D. , Haebe S. , Alig S. , Haas M. , Zhang D. , Westphalen C. B. , Ormanns S. , Metzger P. , Werner J. , Weigert O. , von Bergwelt-Baildon M. , Rataj F. , Kobold S. , Boeck S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot study aimed on generating insight on alterations in circulating immune cells during the use of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Patients and methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and 30 days after initiation of chemotherapy from 20 patients with advanced PDAC. Regulatory T cells (FoxP3+) and immune checkpoints (PD-1 and TIM-3) were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunological changes were correlated with clinical outcome.

Results
Heterogeneous changes during chemotherapy were observed in circulating T-cell subpopulations with a pronounced effect on PD-1+ CD4+/CD8+ T cells. An increase in FoxP3+ or PD-1+ T cells had no significant effect on survival. An increase in TIM3+/CD8+ (but not TIM3+/CD4+) T cells was associated with a significant inferior outcome: median progression-free survival in the subgroup with an increase of TIM-3+/CD8+ T cells was 6.0 compared to 14.0 months in patients with a decrease/no change (p = 0.026); corresponding median overall survival was 13.0 and 20.0 months (p = 0.011), respectively.

Conclusions
Chemotherapy with FOLFIRNOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel induces variable changes in circulating T-cell populations that may provide prognostic information in PDAC.
Extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt in mice for the first-in-human clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Watabe Tadashi , Kaneda-Nakashima Kazuko , Ooe Kazuhiro , Liu Yuwei , Kurimoto Kenta , Murai Takashi , Shidahara Yuka , Okuma Kenji , Takeuchi Masanori , Nishide Masayuki , Toyoshima Atsushi , Shinohara Atsushi , Shirakami Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Astatine (211At) is a promising alpha emitter as an alternative to iodine (131I). We are preparing the first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer in consultation with Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Here, we performed an extended single-dose toxicity examination under a reliability standard, as a preclinical safety assessment of [211At]NaAt to determine the FIH dose.

Methods
[211At]NaAt solution was injected into normal 6-week-old mice (male (n = 50) and female (n = 50), body weight: male 33.2 ± 1.7 g, female 27.3 ± 1.5 g), which were then divided into four groups: 5 MBq/kg (n = 20), 20 MBq/kg (n = 20), 50 MBq/kg (n = 30), saline control (n = 30). The mice were followed up for 5 days (primary evaluation point for acute toxicity: n = 80) or 14 days (n = 20: evaluation point for recovery) to monitor general condition and body weight change. At the end of the observation period, necropsy, blood test, organ weight measurement, and histopathological examination were performed. For body weight, blood test, and organ weight, statistical analyses were performed to compare data between the control and injected groups.

Results
No abnormal findings were observed in the general condition of mice. In the 50 MBq/kg group, males (days 3 and 5) showed a significant decrease in body weight compared with the control. However, necropsy did not differ significantly beyond the range of spontaneous lesions. In the blood test, males (50 MBq/kg) and females (50 MBq/kg) showed a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts on day 5, and recovery on day 14. In the testis, a considerable weight decrease was observed on day 14 (50 MBq/kg), and multinucleated giant cells were observed in all mice, indicating a significant change related to the administration of [211At]NaAt.

Conclusions
In the extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt, administration of high doses resulted in weight loss, transient bone marrow suppression, and pathological changes in the testis, which require consideration in the FIH clinical trial.