bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sucrose esters on polymorphic behavior and crystallization kinetics of cupuassu fat and its fractions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Negrette Ana Carolina , Rodríguez‐Batiller María José , García‐Londoño Victor Alonso , Borroni Virginia , Candal Roberto Jorge , Herrera María Lidia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolymorphism of natural fats is very important in the food industry since it is related to macroscopic properties of final products, including texture, color and appearance. The effect of addition of sucrose esters on crystallization kinetics and polymorphic behavior of cupuassu fat (CF) and its stearin fractions obtained by dry fractionation at 29°C (S‐29), 26 (S‐26), and 24 (S‐24) was studied by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small and wide angle X‐ray scattering. In situ experiments were performed in real‐time using synchrotron radiation as the light source. Sucrose esters S‐170 and P‐170 shortened induction times of crystallization, acting as a seed even at low supercooling. In addition to the kinetic effects, S‐170 modified polymorphic behavior. Depending on processing conditions used (under thermal cycles or isothermal storage), it promoted crystallization in a specific polymorphic form: β′2 (CF and its stearins) or β2 (S‐29). Crystallization in a stable and unique β′‐form makes CF and its stearins a good alternative to trans‐fats. With the addition of sucrose ester S‐170, S‐29's increased tendency to crystallize in β2‐form extends its applications in chocolate and coatings.
Investigating the disentanglement of long chain branched polypropylene under different shear fields
Authors: Liu Mingjin , Chen Jin , Luo Jiaxu , Min Jie , Fu Qiang , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany experimental results have revealed that entanglement networks of molecular chain would undergo the orientation, deformation, and breakdown under the condition with shear field, forming a new conformation with much reduced entanglement interactions with the surrounding medium. In this work, the role of shear mode on the disentanglement of chains was investigated to give us some guidance for designing a new polymer melts disentanglement machine to optimize the processability of polymers by reducing viscosity. Results showed that the intensity of the generated shear modification depends on shear procedure during treatment, ramping‐up shear has the most efficient influence on molecular chains disentanglement due to the absence of shear banding, resulting in a higher molecular weight between entanglements Me and much lower entanglement density. Besides, the reduced entanglement density enabled the higher chain mobility, which greatly enhanced crystallization kinetics during non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization.
Unexpected bite‐force conservatism as a stable performance foundation across mesoeucrocodylian historical diversity
Authors: Gignac Paul M. , Smaers Jeroen B. , O'Brien Haley D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective interpretation of historical selective regimes requires comprehensive in vivo performance evaluations and well‐constrained ecomorphological proxies. The feeding apparatus is a frequent target of such evolutionary studies due to a direct relationship between feeding and survivorship, and the durability of craniodental elements in the fossil record. Among vertebrates, behaviors such as bite force have been central to evaluation of clade dynamics; yet, in the absence of detailed performance studies, such evaluations can misidentify potential selective factors and their roles. Here, we combine the results of a total‐clade performance study with fossil‐inclusive, phylogenetically informed methods to assess bite‐force proxies throughout mesoeucrocodylian evolution. Although bite‐force shifts were previously thought to respond to changing rostrodental selective regimes, we find body‐size dependent conservation of performance proxies throughout the history of the clade, indicating stabilizing selection for bite‐force potential. Such stasis reveals that mesoeucrocodylians with dietary ecologies as disparate as herbivory and hypercarnivory maintain similar bite‐force‐to‐body‐size relationships, a pattern which contrasts the precept that vertebrate bite forces should vary most strongly by diet. Furthermore, it may signal that bite‐force conservation supported mesoeucrocodylian craniodental disparity by providing a stable performance foundation for the exploration of novel ecomorphospace.
Comprehensive ability evaluation and trend analysis of patients with malignant intracranial tumors in the perisurgery period
Authors: Wang Yaning , Chen Wenlin , Yang Tianrui , Zhao Binghao , Zhou Lizhou , Kong Ziren , Wang Yuekun , Dai Congxin , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrognostic situations differ in patients with malignant intracranial tumors. We focused on the quality of life, ability of daily living, and cognitive function of patients in the perisurgery period and investigated the correlation between them and the prognosis of patients.Materials and MethodsPatients with malignant intracranial tumors admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2018 to August 2020 for surgery were included. The evaluations were performed 6 times in the perisurgery period. The questionnaires for assessment included QLQ‐C30, ADL, and so forth.ResultsA total of 165 patients were included (115 glioma and 50 brain metastases). Patients had their worst performance at the 7‐day postsurgical assessment (EORTC QLQ‐C30, ADL, HAD‐D, Frail Scale, MMSE, MoCA, CSHA‐FI, and NANO) and recovered at the 1‐month postsurgical assessment (p < .05). Patients with left‐sided tumors had signiﬁcantly worse cognitive function than patients with right‐sided tumors before surgery and at 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery (p < .05). The scores of QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐BN20 at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery were used to reflect the prognosis, and the preoperative MoCA, NANO, CCI, CSHA‐FI, and HAD score might predict the quality of life and nutrition status after operation.ConclusionThe quality of life and daily living ability of patients with malignant intracranial tumors decreased significantly 7 days after the surgery but recovered 1 month after the surgery. Patients with left hemisphere lesions had a worse cognitive function, while the ADL is associated with short‐term prognosis. The comprehensive evaluation of the perisurgical period can indicate the prognosis of patients and further guide clinical decision‐making.
Psychometric investigation of the Chinese version of the Habit, Reward and Fear Scale (HRFS)
Authors: Hong Tu , He Chuan , Gu Zhong‐ke , Xie Jun‐jie , Lu Qian , Li Yong‐Qiang , Xu Xing‐Jun , Shen Ying , Wang Yun‐Qiang , Zheng Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use is one of the most important risk factors for health, and China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world. Monitoring and controlling the tobacco epidemic is an important issue. However, the motivation underlying smoking behavior is complex and specific to the individual. The Habit, Reward and Fear Scale (HRFS) is a feasible tool to evaluate this complex motivation.ObjectivesTo validate the psychometric properties of the HRFS Chinese version (HRFS‐C) and to assess the relationship between motivation and smoking behavior.MethodWe recruited 967 participants through social media and assessed their smoking behavior with three instruments: the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence‐Chinese version (FTND‐C), the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges‐Brief Scale‐Chinese version (QSU‐brief‐C), and the HRFS‐C. Ultimately, we retained 700 valid data points. Cronbach's α and split‐half tests were used to evaluate the reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's r and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the validity. In addition, linear regression was used to explore the relationship among the three instruments. The HRFS‐C showed good homogeneity (α = 0.965), concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. A significant linear relationship was observed among the FTND‐C, QSU‐brief‐C, and HRFS‐C (p < .001).ConclusionThe motivation measured by the HRFS‐C can significantly predict nicotine dependence and craving in the smoking population. The HRFS‐C can be used to carry out targeted interventions for addicted patients (e.g., motivational enhancement therapy).
Vertical Ridge Augmentation Around Dental Implants With the Use of a Dense PTFE Membrane to Correct Previously Failed Augmentations
Authors: Soldatos Nikolaos , Garcia Marcos , Umoh Edidiong , Irizarry Andres , Weltman Robin 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionVertical ridge augmentation (VRA) is one of the most challenging procedures.This is the first case report to show 2–5 mm VRA after two unsuccessful GBRs around previously placed dental implants, with the use of an exposed d‐PTFE membrane.Case PresentationA 79‐year‐old ASA II Caucasian male presented after two previous GBR procedures on the LLQ. The second attempt left the site with two exposed implants, scar tissue, no keratinized tissue and lack of vestibular depth. VRA was attempted with the use of cortical perforations, tenting screws, dense PTFE membrane and a 50:50 mixture of anorganic bovine bone matrix and mineralized allograft. The site was left to heal in a secondary intention, leaving the d‐PTFE membrane exposed. The membrane was removed 4 weeks postoperatively. The healing abutments were placed, the tenting screws were removed, and the site was allowed to heal for more than seven months. Radiographically, VRA was achieved ranging from 2 to 5 mm. A vestibuloplasty was performed using a diode laser and subsequent flap dissection. Four months after the vestibuloplasty, the tissue surrounding the implants showed adequate keratinization, and an elongated vestibular depth. In addition, in both implants, the emergence profile buccal and lingual was more than 3 mm and the patient was referred to his prosthodontist for the fabrication of the final restorations.ConclusionsVRA around dental implants was achieved with the use of a nonresorbable dense PTFE membrane, which was left exposed to heal in a secondary intention, tenting screws and a combination grafting technique to correct two previously failed GBRs.
Survival and abundance of polar bears in Alaska’s Beaufort Sea, 2001–2016
Authors: Bromaghin Jeffrey F. , Douglas David C. , Durner George M. , Simac Kristin S. , Atwood Todd C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid transformation toward a seasonally ice‐free ecosystem. As ice‐adapted apex predators, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are challenged to cope with ongoing habitat degradation and changes in their prey base driven by food‐web response to climate warming. Knowledge of polar bear response to environmental change is necessary to understand ecosystem dynamics and inform conservation decisions. In the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) of Alaska and western Canada, sea ice extent has declined since satellite observations began in 1979 and available evidence suggests that the carrying capacity of the SBS for polar bears has trended lower for nearly two decades. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of polar bears in Alaska's SBS from 2001 to 2016 using a multistate Cormack–Jolly–Seber mark–recapture model. States were defined as geographic regions, and we used location data from mark–recapture observations and satellite‐telemetered bears to model transitions between states and thereby explain heterogeneity in recapture probabilities. Our results corroborate prior findings that the SBS subpopulation experienced low survival from 2003 to 2006. Survival improved modestly from 2006 to 2008 and afterward rebounded to comparatively high levels for the remainder of the study, except in 2012. Abundance moved in concert with survival throughout the study period, declining substantially from 2003 and 2006 and afterward fluctuating with lower variation around an average of 565 bears (95% Bayesian credible interval [340, 920]) through 2015. Even though abundance was comparatively stable and without sustained trend from 2006 to 2015, polar bears in the Alaska SBS were less abundant over that period than at any time since passage of the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. The potential for recovery is likely limited by the degree of habitat degradation the subpopulation has experienced, and future reductions in carrying capacity are expected given current projections for continued climate warming.
Heat and mass transfer for Soret and Dufour's consequences on unsteady MHD free convection flow over a porous media with heat absorption
Authors: Appidi Lakshmi , Malga Bala Siddulu , Matta Sweta , Kumar P. Pramod 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe significance of this article lies in explaining the influence of Soret and Dufour numbers on an unsteady MHD free convection of flow of heat and mass transfer through porous media. The substances and radiation along the viscous, incompressible, and conductive compounds respond to the unstable convection of the liquid. Using physical quantities, the dimensional governing equations are converted to non‐dimensional equations. Finite element Galerkin method is applied to numerically solve the resulting partial differential equations. Flow parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration are studied and explained graphically to reflect their effects. Similarly, the skin friction number and Nusselt number are also observed and recorded in tables.
Directors' duties to prevent insolvent trading in a crisis: Responses to COVID‐19 in Australia and lessons from Germany
Authors: Steele Stacey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article considers relief from directors' duties to avoid trading whilst insolvent during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia and Germany. Comparative insolvency law literature traditionally compares Australia to jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand. However, Germany has a track record of using insolvency law to manage social and economic crises. The German approach suggests solutions to critical issues not dealt with in the Australian safe harbour legislation, such as the failure to suspend other statutory duties to provide clear guidance to directors on the balancing of various interests, and the treatment of potential voidable transactions and new monies (i.e., new funding or credit). The responses in both jurisdictions suggest a change in priorities away from creditor protection, a key raison d'être for these types of duties, during a crisis. Similar to the German approach of turning the obligation to file for formal insolvency proceedings off and on, the further safe harbour adopted in Australia as part of a new restructuring procedure for small businesses, which commenced on January 1, 2021, suggests that the use of safe harbours could become a permanent crisis‐management tool in Australia too, with potential consequences for the balance between debtor and creditor interests.
Describing the application and barriers of pharmacist‐led professional continuous glucose monitoring in the ambulatory care setting
Authors: Nimer Sara , Schumacher Christine , Bolch Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdvances in technology for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) contribute to the care of persons with diabetes and CGM systems are recommended in multiple guidelines. There are limited studies describing CGM use by clinical pharmacists in the ambulatory care setting.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study is to identify and describe the current use, application, and barriers of CGM by clinical pharmacists in the ambulatory care setting. Secondary objectives include identifying the prevalence of professional CGM use by clinical pharmacists, recognizing specific barriers faced by pharmacists when implementing professional CGM into clinical practice, and determining interest in professional CGM implementation by ambulatory care pharmacists as an alternative for patients unable to afford personal CGM.MethodsThis was a self‐administered, voluntary, web‐based questionnaire distributed to 2207 ambulatory care pharmacists. Questions were stratified to identify the clinical use and barriers for those who do and do not use professional CGM, respectively. The survey was active for 9 weeks and results from the survey were analyzed based on question type.ResultsOne hundred and eighty five survey responses were included in the study results. Most participants (70.8%) indicated currently working in a primary care clinic, and 8.1% indicated working in an endocrinology office. Results identified that 18.9% of participants use personal CGM and 35.1% use professional CGM to facilitate the management of persons with diabetes. The most common barriers to professional CGM implementation include lack of funding for startup costs (65.9%), lack of time for device placement and result interpretation (45.8%), and unpredictable patient follow‐up (48.3%).ConclusionStudy participants indicated that the majority of patients they manage have diabetes; however, lack of education and training on device use, data interpretation, and reimbursement opportunities were commonly cited barriers to CGM use. Additional training opportunities should be considered to facilitate the implementation of CGM by ambulatory care pharmacists into clinical practice.
Fluorescein dye derivative: Synthesis, characterization, quantum chemical and promising antimicrobial activity studies
Authors: Sandhu Navjot , Pandey Satish Kumar , Tittal Ram Kumar , Kumar Kamlesh , Singh Ashish Pratap , Yadav Rajesh K. , Shrivastava Rahul , Singh Atul Pratap 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dimethyl sulfite as an alkylating as well as alkoxylating reagent is well known in synthetic organic as well as organometallic chemistry for a long time. Herein, we have utilized dimethyl sulfite as an alkylating reagent and reacted with fluorescein derivative, N‐fluorescein‐lactam‐hydrazine (B). This reaction leads to the generation of tetramethylated fluorescein lactam hydrazine (A). The newly designed and synthesized molecule (A) has been characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and HRMS data. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized alkylated fluorescein derivative has been tested against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and S. aureus microbial agents. Time‐kill assay results also confirmed that fluorescein derivative is a potent antimicrobial agent and revealed that the time‐kill assay of fluorescein derivative is value‐added than the well‐known antibiotic. In addition, quantum chemical study was used to analyze its activity trend and correlated with the experimental data. The computed results of DFT revealed that the lipophilicity as well as the LUMO‐HOMO band gap (ΔELUMO‐HOMO = 4.75 eV) of compound A make it more suitable as an antimicrobial agent to match with in vitro antimicrobial experimental results. The MIC and MBC values of compound A were observed to be lower in contrast to fluorescein and ampicillin for all the tested bacterial strains, which were approximately 3‐ to 4‐fold lower than MIC and MBC values of the later. Results obtained from the study clearly indicate that compound A has better antimicrobial and bactericidal activity in comparison to ampicillin and fluorescein. Synthesized compound can be a better substitute of traditionally used antibiotics, Ampicillin.
Broadband Polarization‐Switchable Multi‐Focal Noninterleaved Metalenses in the Visible
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Jian , Hu Yueqiang , Lai Jiajie , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping , Li Xianglin , Duan Huigao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMulti‐focal lenses are widely applied in zoom imaging, parallel laser processing, 3D displays, among others. However, conventional refractive or diffractive elements cannot realize independently switchable multi‐focal points at arbitrary spatial positions. The ultra‐thin metasurface provides a compact solution while the commonly used interleaved meta‐units scheme deteriorates the performance of the meta‐devices. Here the authors propose all‐dielectric noninterleaved metalenses with polarization‐switchable multi‐focal points. By fully using the degrees of freedom of the single rectangular nanopillar, up to three independently switchable focal points at any spatial position can be realized in a metalens with a single‐structure lattice. With the near‐zero crosstalk between orthogonal polarization channels, polarization detection, zoom imaging, variable‐parameter phase detection, and parallel laser lithography are demonstrated. The multichannel scheme by fully utilizing the polarization freedom paves the way for various multifunctional components.
X‐ray bi‐prism interferometry—A design study of proposed novel hardware
Authors: Gullberg Grant T. , Shrestha Uttam , Kim Sally Ji Who , Seo Youngho , Fuller Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeAdvances in X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging can obtain excellent soft‐tissue contrast of phase‐shift, attenuation, and small‐angle scatter. Here, we present fringe patterns for different design parameters of X‐ray bi‐prism interferometry imaging systems. Our aim is to develop bi‐prism interferometry imaging systems with excellent polychromatic performance that produce high‐contrast fringes with spatially incoherent X‐ray illumination. We also introduce a novel X‐ray tube design that uses temporal multiplexing to provide simultaneous virtual “electronic phase stepping” that replace “mechanical phase stepping” popular with grating‐based interferometry setups.MethodsIn our investigation, we develop expressions for the irradiance distribution pattern of a bi‐prism interferometer composed of multiple point sources and multiple bi‐prisms. These expressions are used to plot fringe patterns for X‐ray design parameters, including size of point source, number of point sources, and point source separation, and bi‐prism design parameters including material, angle, number of bi‐prisms, period, and bi‐prism array to X‐ray source and detector distances.ResultsResults show that the fringe patterns for a bi‐prism interferometry system are not longitudinally periodic as with grating interferometers that produce a Talbot–Lau carpet. It is also shown that at 59 keV X‐rays the bi‐prism material should be something comparable to nickel to obtain reasonable fringe visibility.ConclusionThe irradiance distribution pattern demonstrates that bi‐prism interferometry may provide comparable or improved fringe visibility to that of gratings. Special care is given to present our findings within the context of previous advancements. A single‐shot image acquisition approach using a temporal multiplexed, high‐power X‐ray source provides virtual electronic phase stepping without focal spot sweeping. This provides multiple images, each at the same exposure and the same projection view, from different fringe locations that allow one to derive the attenuation, phase, and dark‐field images of the sample without mechanical phase stepping of a grating.