bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Lesser Trochanter Profile as a Rotational Alignment Guide in Intramedullary Nailing for Femoral Shaft Fracture
Authors: Ju Baruenchan , Moon Young Jae , Lee Kwang-Bok 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Malrotation after nailing of femoral shaft fractures occurs in about 25% of cases. It can cause substantial functional problems. The lesser trochanter (LT) profile has been used to assess rotational alignment. However, the extent to which the LT profile is symmetrical between limbs, whether the LT profile varies as a function of age or sex, and the efficacy of the LT profile technique remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant side-to-side length difference in the LT profile (LTD) according to age and sex.

Methods:
We attempted to determine the amount of medial prominence of the lesser trochanter relative to the medial cortex of the femoral shaft (the LT profile) using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images of normal femora obtained bilaterally (366 subjects) in anatomic positions. We also compared the left and right sides to determine the amount of natural asymmetry by age and sex. In addition, we compared the side-to-side difference in the LT version with the LTD to determine whether the LTD represented the difference in femoral rotation.

Results:
The LTD was <4 mm (meaning an LT version difference of <10°) in 83% of the subjects, but was ≥4 mm (an LT version difference of ≥10°) in 17%. Subset analysis demonstrated that the differences were greatest in women >70 years of age. The largest LTD (both sexes) was observed in individuals over 70 years of age (2.62 ± 1.37 mm, compared with <55 years: 1.55 ± 1.36 mm and 55 to 70 years: 2.27 ± 1.70 mm). There was no significant difference between sexes in the under-70 age groups. However, the LTD was significantly greater in women over 70 years than in men over 70 years (3.10 ± 1.42 versus 2.41 ± 1.30 mm).

Conclusions:
Since the LTD demonstrated side-to-side symmetry within 4 mm, or 10° of rotation, in 83% of all subjects, we consider the LT profile to be useful as a guide to assess rotational reduction clinically. However, surgeons should recognize that, in 17% of cases, using this technique could result in malrotation of ≥10°. The rate of malrotation may be even higher in women over 70, for whom supplemental techniques to ensure correct rotation may be appropriate.
NADPH Oxidase 4 Signaling in a Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Shin Mi Hwa , Leem Ah Young , Lee Su Hwan , Chung Kyung Soo , Kim Young Sam , Park Moo Suk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. In this study, we investigated the role of NOX4 using NOX4 knockout (KO) mice and NOX4 inhibitors in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model.Methods: Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 knockout (KO) male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV; (3) NOX4 KO group; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + NOX4 inhibitor. In the VILI model, the supine position was maintained at 24 mL/kg volume, 0 cm H2O PEEP, 100/min respiratory rate, and 0.21 inspired oxygen fraction. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, 50 μL anti-GKT 137831 inhibitor was injected intraperitoneally, 2 h after ventilator use. After 5 h of HTV, mice in the ventilator group were euthanized, and their lung tissues were obtained for further analysis. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined.Results: Cell counts from BALFs were significantly lower (p<0.01) in the NOX4 KO with HTV group compared to that in the HTV group. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations from BALF were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p<0.001). In the NOX4 KO group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (p<0.001). In patients with respiratory disease, NOX4 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the intensive care unit.Conclusion: NOX4 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the ICU. In the VILI model, it may be possible to block VILI using NOX4 antibodies.
Establishment of a Prognostic Stemness Signature For Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xiwen , Wang Fang , Shen Jiayu , Zhou Jianwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to construct a robust stemness-related gene signature for predicting prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods: Expression data for the PCBC database-derived pluripotent stem cell (PSC) samples were collected using the one-class logistic regression (OCLR) method to calculate stemness indexes (mRNAsi) of samples derived from the TCGA dataset. Functions of possible mRNAsi-related stemness genes extracted through WGCNA were then examined by enrichment analysis. Most representative stemness genes for prognosis prediction were screened to construct a stemness-related gene signature by shrinkage estimate and univariate analysis. Next, the TCGA dataset and the GSE44001 external dataset were incorporated into that model and classified to evaluate the model efficiency and stability in patient prognosis prediction and classification according to the Riskscore. The associations between the Riskscore and clinical characteristics as well as relevant signaling pathways were also explored. Moreover, the prognosis predicting efficiency of the stemness-related gene signature was compared with those of CSCC prognostic signatures reported in other studies.Results: According to the findings, mRNAsi showed significant correlation with key oncogene mutation degrees (including DMD, KMT2C, EP300 and MUC4), infiltrating stroma cells and the CIMP classification for CSCC cases. The 8-stemness gene signature in this study achieved high stability and accuracy in prognosis prediction for CSCC cases. In the meanwhile, the model provided diverse therapeutic targets to precisely treat CSCC in clinical practice based on various subtype-specific stemness genes.Conclusion: Our present study suggested that the 8 stemness gene signature can help to screen out novel stem-related diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors in CSCC.
Comparing RNA extraction methods to face the variations in RNA quality using two human biological matrices.
Authors: Ortega-Pinazo Jesús , Serrano-Castro Pedro Jesús , Vida-Botella Margarita , Martínez Beatriz , Pinto-Medel María Jesús , Oliver-Martos Begoña , Leyva Laura , Gómez-Zumaquero Juan Miguel , Lago-Sampedro Ana , Rodríguez-Bada Pablo Jesús , Estivill-Torrús Guillermo , Ferro Pedro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nucleic acids, RNA among them, are widely used in biomedicine. Because of their susceptibility to degradation by RNases, the handling and extraction process of RNA from cells and tissues require specialized personnel and standardized methods to guarantee high purity and integrity. Due to the diversity of techniques found in the market, a comparative study between different RNA extraction methods is useful to facilitate the best choice for the researcher. In this study, we have compared seven different RNA extraction methods: manual (TRIzol™), semiautomated (QIAGEN™, Bio-Rad, Monarch®, and Canvax™), and fully automated (QIAcube™ and Maxwell®) processes, from two biological matrices: human Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results showed marked differences in the RNA quality and functionality according to the method employed for RNA extraction and the matrix used. These data contribute to facilitate researchers in decision-making practices and emphasize the relevance of the selection of the RNA extraction method in each experimental procedure to guarantee both quality standards and its reproducibility.
Treatment with Immunotherapy and Other Systemic Therapies for Patients With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Viñal David , Martinez-Fdez Sara , Ostios-Garcia Lorena , Maseda Rocio , De Lucas Raul , Castelo Beatriz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a frequent complication in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Immunotherapy is a novel treatment approach for CSCC, however there is little experience in patients with RDEB. Methods. We included all the patients with a molecular-confirmed diagnosis of RDEB and advanced CSCC treated with systemic therapy between November 1988 and January 2021. Results. Five patients were treated with immunotherapy (n=2), other systemic therapies (n=2), or both (n=1). The tolerability of immunotherapy was overall acceptable with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Radiological tumor response observed in one patient. The other patients were treated with a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy (EGFR inhibitors), with mixed tumor response. Median OS was 3 months (range, 1 to 11). Conclusions: Patients with RDEB and advanced CSCC benefit from immunotherapy and do not experience unexpected toxicity.
Using Intervention Mapping To Develop ‘ROSE’: An Intervention To Support Peer Workers in Overdose Response Settings
Authors: Mamdani Zahra , McKenzie Sophie , Cameron Fred , Knott Mike , Conway-Brown Jennifer , Scott Tracy , Buxton Jane A. , Pauly Bernie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Peer workers (those with lived/living experience of substance use working in overdose response settings) are at the forefront of overdose response initiatives in British Columbia (BC). Working in these settings can be stressful, with lasting social, mental and emotional impacts. Peer workers have also been disproportionately burdened by the current dual public health crises characterized by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and rise in illicit drug overdose deaths. It is therefore critical to develop supports tailored specifically to their realities.
Methods
We used the steps outlined in the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework to identify needs of peer workers and design an intervention model to support peer workers in overdose response settings. Eight peer-led focus groups were conducted at the pilot sites and other community settings to identify peer workers’ needs and transcripts were analyzed using interpretive description. The strategies within the intervention model were informed by the organizational development theory as well as by the lived/living experience of peer workers.
Results
The support needs identified by peer workers were categorized into three key themes and these formed the basis of an intervention model titled ‘ROSE’; R stands for Recognition of Peer Work, O for Organizational Support, S for Skill Development and E for Everyone. The ROSE model aims to facilitate culture change within organizations, leading towards a more equitable and just workplace for peer workers. This, in turn, has the potential for positive socio-ecological impact.
Conclusions
Centering lived/living experience in the Intervention Mapping process led us to develop a framework for supporting peer workers in BC. The ROSE model can be used as a baseline for other organizations employing peer workers.
Comparing Infant and Toddler Sleep Patterns Prior To and During The First Wave of Home Confinement Due To COVID-19 in Spain
Authors: Cassanello Pia , Ruiz-Botia Irene , Sala-Castellvi Pere , Martin Juan Carlo , Martínez-Sanchez Jose Maria , Balaguer Albert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
Recent literature has shown that sleep patterns are shaped during the first years of life, playing a relevant role in children’s functioning. We focused on comparing sleep patterns in infants and toddlers in Spain before and during COVID-19 home confinement to assess the immediate impact on sleep patterns.
Methods
We compared data from two cross-sectional surveys from parents of 1,658 children three to 36 months of age from Spain. One conducted before COVID-19 (2017–2018, n = 1,380) and another during COVID-19 pandemic (March-May of 2020, n = 254). We used an internet self-administrated questionnaire using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) criteria in both surveys.
Results
During confinement infants and toddlers went to sleep later (median bedtime 21:30 before confinement vs. 21.36 during confinement (p = 0.004)). More infants and toddlers showed longer sleep latencies (> 30 minutes) during confinement median 33.9% versus 12.3% (p < 0.001). Based on the recommended BISQ criteria, we observed an increase in poor sleepers meeting at least one criterion of inadequate patterns during confinement (p < 0.001). Parental perception of a child’s sleep as problematics were 39.4% and 44.1% (adjusted p = 0.363) before and under lockdown, respectively.
Conclusions
Home confinement generally affected infant’s and toddler’s sleep patterns negatively, however parents didn’t report worse perception of sleep quality of their children. Follow-up studies can help understand the potential long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep patterns.
Association between Exposure to Noise and Air Pollution and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Arabian Mina , Mirzaei Masoud , Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad Zare , Jambarsang Sara , Mirzaei Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In addition to the classical risk factors environmental pollution such as traffic noise and air pollution are suggested to be a risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). In this study, we examined the between exposure to noise and air pollution (PM2.5) and MetS.Methods: This study was performed on 3513 participants in a prospective study on the health of the people of Yazd (YaHS). A wide range of demographic, anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were gathered during 2014-2015. Data on personal level noise and air pollution (PM2.5) at residential address were collected through air pollution maps. Air and noise pollution modeling was performed using Kriging model. Using weighted logistic regressiARAon, we reported the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MetS for a unit increase in exposure to the pollutants. Results: The prevalence of MetS in the total population was 43.7%. No association was found with MetS between noise exposures in the range (54.1-62.3) dB (A). There was a positive relationship between air pollution exposure in the range (32.82 - 16.38) micrograms per cubic meter and MetS in the raw model and after adjusting for the effect of age and sex, increased air pollution exposure, chance The incidence of MetS increases by 8% (95% CI = 1.06 - 1.10), while the fully adjusted model did not find a positive and significant relationship. Conclusion: We did not find any association between noise and air pollution with MetS in the fully adjusted model.
A Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Seven Mycoplasma Species of Cattle Origin
Authors: Lai Jyhmirn , Lin Hengching , Hsu Peichuan , Gondaira Satoshi , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Nagahata Hajime 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a pair of primers for detecting ruminant mycoplasma pathogens. We designed a set of primers based on the most similar sequences within 16sRNA regions of seven Mycoplasma spp. These primers have high sensitivity for detecting Mycoplasma dispar, M. arginine, M. canadense, M. bovis, M. alkalescens, M. californicum, and M. bovisgenitalium within the annealing temperature range of 46°C to 48°C. The minimum amount of DNA that can be detected using the protocol is 250 ng, which is equivalent to 2,000 cfu/mL. The primers can detect mycoplasma from DNA extracted directly from milk samples. The common bovine mastitis pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Klebiella pneumonia, Korucia rosea, and Acholeplasma spp. were not detected by the primers. We believe the high sensitivity and specificity of these primers make them useful for detecting infection with seven Mycoplasma species in ruminants, allowing the primers to be used in clinical settings.
Security-Driven Distributed Platforms for Intellectual Property Resource Provision - A Case Study of TSITE IP
Authors: Wang Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the information age, with the development of big data intelligence, Intellectual Property (IP) related data is growing in a geometric progression, so the demand for data storage space is also growing, and the distributed platform of intellectual property data based on cloud storage is also emerging. Cloud computing platform has huge storage space and powerful computing power, and the distributed platform of intellectual property data based on cloud storage has emerged one after another. With this, the privacy and security issues of cloud platform also get more attention. Because the biggest feature of cloud storage is that storage is a service, it puts forward higher requirements for intellectual property services. Firstly, this paper introduces the domestic IP cloud platform services from three perspectives of government support, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Secondly, four typical distributed platforms provided by business resources are selected to introduce their operation modes respectively, and the problems faced by domestic IP service modes are summarized emphatically. Then, it compares and discusses the current situation of domestic IP distributed platforms. In view of the current domestic intellectual property service mode, taking TSITE IP as an example, the paper puts forward the design and construction strategy of intellectual property protection, intellectual property operation service distributed platform and operation service mode under the background of information age.
Discrepancy Between The Demand and Supply of Intensive Care Unit Beds in South Korea From 2011 To 2019: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Cho Noo Ree , Jung Wol Seon , Park Hee Yeon , Kang Jin Mo , Ko Dai Sik , Choi Sang Tae 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability is key to critical patient care. Considering the rapidly increasing aging population in South Korea, it is important to establish whether the demand for ICU care is met by the currently available ICU beds. However, there have been no reports regarding the relationship between the increase in the number of ICU beds and the increase in the utilization of ICU facilities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the trends in ICU bed supply and ICU bed-days in the adult population.
Methods
We evaluated the 9-year trend in ICU bed rates and bed-days in South Korea between 2011 and 2019 in a population-based cross-sectional analysis, using data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database. We described changes in ICU bed rates in adult (≥ 20 years) and older adult (≥ 65 years) populations. ICU bed-days were categorized similarly and used to predict future ICU bed demands.
Results
The ICU bed rate was higher in 2011 than in 2019 (23.3 and 20.2 per 100,000 adults and 161.2 and 107.5 per 100,000 older adults, respectively). The number of ICU bed-days was lower in 2011 than in 2019 (100.5 and 137.8 per 1,000 adults and 59.0 and 86.1 per 1,000 older adults, respectively). In 2019, the regional differences in the ICU bed rate and ICU bed-days nearly doubled and tripled, respectively. The ICU bed occupancy rate in South Korea is expected to rise to 97.7% in 2030.
Conclusion
A significant discrepancy was found between the supply and demand of ICU beds in South Korea. This discrepancy requires urgent action. Our findings may inform government organizations about the necessity of planning and preparing for future ICU demands and the shortage in their supply.
Improving Birth Weight Measurement and Recording Practices in Kenya and Tanzania: a Prospective Intervention Study With Historical Controls
Authors: K’Oloo Alloys , Godfrey Evance , Koivu Annariina M , Barsosio Hellen C. , Manji Karim , Ndesangia Veneranda , Omiti Fredrick , Khery Mohamed Bakari , Ondieki Everlyne D. , Kariuki Simon , Kuile Feiko O. ter , Chico R Matthew , Klein Nigel , Heimonen Otto , Ashorn Per , Ashorn Ulla , Näsänen-Gilmore Pieta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health concern given its association with early-life mortality and other adverse health consequences that can impact the entire life-cycle. In many countries, accurate estimates of LBW prevalence are lacking due to inaccuracies in collection and gaps in available data. Our study aimed to determine LBW prevalence among facility-born infants in selected areas of Kenya and Tanzania, and to assess whether the introduction of an intervention to improve the accuracy of birth-weight measurement would result in a meaningfully different estimate of LBW prevalence than current practice.
Methods
We carried out a historically-controlled intervention study in 22 health facilities in Kenya and three health facilities in Tanzania. The intervention included: provision of high-quality digital scales, training of nursing staff on accurate birth weight measurement, recording and scale calibration practices, and quality maintenance support that consisted of enhanced supervision and feedback (prospective arm). The historically-controlled data were birth weights from the same facilities recorded in maternity registers for the same calendar months from the previous year measured using routine practices and manual scales.
Results
Between October 2019 and February 2020, we prospectively collected birth weights from 8,441 newborns in Kenya and 4,294 in Tanzania. Historical data were available from 9,318 newborns in Kenya and 12,007 in Tanzania. In the prospective sample, the prevalence of LBW was 12.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 10.9%-14.4%) in Kenya and 18.2% (12.2%-24.2%) in Tanzania. In the historical sample, the corresponding prevalence estimates were 7.8% (6.5%-9.2%) and 10.0% (8.6%-11.4%). Compared to the retrospective sample, the LBW prevalence in the prospective sample was 4.8%-points (3.2%-6.4%) higher in Kenya and 8.2%-points (2.3%-14.0%) higher in Tanzania, corresponding to a risk ratio of 1.61 (1.38–1.88) in Kenya and 1.81 (1.30–2.52) in Tanzania.
Conclusion
Routine birth weight records under-estimate the risk of LBW among facility born infants in Kenya and Tanzania. The quality of birth-weight data can be improved by a simple intervention consisting of provision of digital scales and supportive training.