bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active cloaking and illusion of electric potentials in electrostatics
Authors: Helfrich-Schkabarenko Andreas , Ismail-Zadeh Alik , Sommer Aron 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCloaking and illusion has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in several research fields. Here we present for the first time an active exterior cloaking device in electrostatics operating in a two-horizontally-layered electroconductive domain, and use the superposition principle to cloak electric potentials. The device uses an additional current source pattern introduced on the interface between two layers to cancel the total electric potential to be measured. Also, we present an active exterior illusion device allowing for detection of a signal pattern corresponding to any arbitrarily chosen current source instead of the existing current source. The performance of the cloaking/illusion devices is demonstrated by three-dimensional models and numerical experiments using synthetic measurements of the electric potential. Sensitivities of numerical results to a noise in measured data and to a size of cloaking devices are analysed. The numerical results show quite reasonable cloaking/illusion performance, which means that a current source can be hidden electrostatically. The developed active cloaking/illusion methodology can be used in subsurface geo-exploration studies, electrical engineering, live sciences, and elsewhere.
Study on the adsorption properties of methyl orange by natural one-dimensional nano-mineral materials with different structures
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Liu Xuewen , Lv Guocheng , Zhu Runliang , Tian Lintao , Liu Meng , Li Yuxin , Rao Wenxiu , Liu Tianming , Liao Libing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMethyl orange (MO) is a common anionic azo dye that is harmful to the environment and biology, so it must be treated innocuously before it can be discharged. Adsorption is an effective method to remove anionic dyes. Nanotube mineral is a natural one-dimensional adsorption material, and its unique morphology and structure endow it with good adsorption capacity. Although there are many related studies, there is a lack of in-depth discussions on the influence of nanotube’s composition and structure on the adsorption of dyes and other pollutants. In this paper, two kinds of natural one-dimensional silicate minerals [halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and chrysotile nanotubes (ChNTs)] with similar morphology but slightly different compositions and crystal structures were used as adsorbents, and MO solution was used as simulate pollutants. It is the first time to discuss in depth the influence of the composition and structure of nanotube minerals on their charge properties and the adsorption performance of methyl orange dyes. It is found that HNTs and ChNTs have different adsorption capacity due to the difference of electronegativity between Al3+ and Mg2+ in the crystal, so they possess negative and positive charges respectively in near-neutral solution, which leads to the adsorption capacity of MO by ChNTs with positive charges which is greater than that of HNTs.
Influence of sulfur amount in Ni-incorporated ZnIn2(O,S)4 on phase formation and the visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Sethupathi , Abdullah Hairus , Gultom Noto Susanto , Shuwanto Hardy , Kuo Dong-Hau 
Published: May 2021

In the present work, we propose Ni-doped ZnIn2(O,S)4/In(OH)3 composite particles for visible-light photocatalytic HER. By adjusting the sulfur concentration while keeping the amounts of zinc, indium and nickel constant during the hydrothermal process.
Leiomyosarkom der Vena saphena magna – der seltene Fall
Authors: Köpnick Sven , Traska Thilo , Golz Reinhard 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über eine bisher gesunde 58-jährige Patientin, die sich mit stärksten persistierenden lokalen Schmerzen am distalen medialen Oberschenkel rechts in unserer Klinik vorstellte. Begleitsymptome wie lokale Schwellung oder Rötung lagen nicht vor. Sonografisch zeigte die Vena saphena magna im angegebenen Schmerzbereich am distalen Oberschenkel eine suspekte isolierte Ektasie mit einer umschriebenen echoarmen, solid erscheinenden Gefäßwandläsion bei sonst im übrigen Gefäßverlauf unauffälligem Sonografiebefund.Nach operativer Resektion wurde die Diagnose eines mäßig differenzierten vaskulären Leiomyosarkoms gestellt.Weichteilsarkome sind verglichen mit anderen Tumorerkrankungen sehr selten.Das venöse Leiomyosarkom betrifft bevorzugt die Vena cava inferior, sehr selten die Vena saphena magna. Für die Prognose ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose entscheidend. Häufig liegt bei Diagnosestellung bereits eine Metastasierung mit entsprechend ungünstiger Prognose vor.Bei unklaren Symptomen und Sonografiebefunden im Bereich des Gefäßsystems sollte, trotz seltenen Vorkommens, auch an eine neoplastische Erkrankung gedacht werden.
α-Xanthylmethyl Ketones from α-Diazo ketones
Authors: Miranda Luis D. , López-Mendoza Pedro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient method to obtain α-xanthylmethyl ketones from α-diazo ketones is described. The reaction proceeds through a protonation/nucleophilic substitution sequence in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid and potassium ethyl xanthogenate as the nucleophile. As α-diazo ketones can be readily synthesized from ubiquitous carboxylic acids, a broad variety of xanthates can be obtained, including examples from naturally occurring substrates.
Radioembolization for Rare Metastatic Disease
Authors: Niekamp Andrew S. , Narayanan Govindarajan , Schiro Brian J. , Pena Constantino , Powell Alex , Gandhi Ripal T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadioembolization has become a widespread treatment modality for both primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. Although the majority of data and indication for yttrium-90 radioembolization have been for hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic colorectal cancer, radioembolization with yttrium-90 has rapidly expanded into the treatment options for multiple tumor types with metastases to the liver. This article reviews the clinical data and expanding utilization of radioembolization for rare metastatic diseases with an emphasis on efficacy and safety.
Improvement of the ultra-low-frequency active vertical vibration isolator with geometric anti-spring structure for absolute gravimetry
Authors: Yao Jiamin , Wu Kang , Guo Meiying , Wang Lijun 
Published: May 2021

For absolute gravimeters, which play important roles in geophysics and geological exploration, an ultra-low-frequency vertical vibration isolator is necessary to achieve the required measurement precision. A novel active vibration isolator that uses a geometric anti-spring (GAS) structure has been proposed by our team at Tsinghua University previously, but its performance is mainly limited by the large-scale drift in the detection signal of the system. In this paper, after a brief theoretical introduction to the overall system, recent improvements in this novel vibration isolator are presented. The main improvements to the isolator are the use of new blades in the GAS structure and the addition of an extra compensation circuit to eliminate the drift. The improved prototype has a resonance period of 29.2 s and a continuous working time of several days, as compared with the resonance period of 19.2 s and a working time lasting only several minutes of the previous prototype. Experiments show that the improved prototype performs well in the homemade T-1 laser-interferometry absolute gravimeter. The standard error of the mean (SEM) of a 50-drop measurement performed in Tsinghua University is reduced significantly from 404 μGal (1 μGal = 1 × 10−8 m s−2) without the vibration isolator to 10.8 μGal with the improved prototype at its best level. Additionally, the SEM of a 50-set measurement (including 800 drops) lasting for 25 h achieves 5.9 μGal with the improved prototype.
Collectivism predicts mask use during COVID-19
Authors: Lu Jackson G. , Jin Peter , English Alexander S. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
What explains the striking regional differences in COVID-19 severity around the world? We reveal the role of culture in mask usage, a precautionary measure vital for mitigating the pandemic. Leveraging a dataset of all 3,141 counties of the 50 US states, a dataset of 16,737 individuals in the 50 US states, a dataset of 367,109 individuals in 29 countries, and a dataset of 277,219 Facebook users in 67 countries, we provide evidence that people in more collectivistic (versus individualistic) regions are more likely to wear masks. Our research suggests that culture fundamentally shapes how people respond to crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Self-consistent fluid model for simulating power coupling in hydrogen ICPs at 1 MHz including the nonlinear RF Lorentz force
Authors: Zielke D , Rauner D , Briefi S , Lishev S , Fantz U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) power coupling in inductively coupled plasmas is investigated numerically using a self-consistent fluid model. Hydrogen discharges are simulated at pressures from 0.3–10 Pa and at RF powers of around 1 kW. At the low excitation frequency of 1 MHz a high magnetic RF field of around 30 G is generated by the RF coil, meaning that discharges at low pressures are in the nonlinear skin effect regime. Therefore, a description of the RF power coupling by simple collisional Joule heating is not appropriate. Moreover, models that account for collisionless heating by means of a stochastic collision frequency or as diffusion of the RF current density (as is state of the art for discharges operated in the anomalous skin effect regime at higher frequencies of e.g. 13.56 MHz) are incapable of describing the RF power coupling in the nonlinear skin effect regime properly. This is due to their total neglect or simplified treatment of the RF Lorentz force. Instead, this work demonstrates that the RF power coupling mechanism for discharges operating at low RF in the nonlinear skin effect regime can be described by an electron momentum balance retaining the nonlinear RF Lorentz force as well as electron inertia and advection. The crucial role of the RF Lorentz force in generating the RF plasma current density and thus in shaping the plasma parameter profiles is validated successfully with experimentally obtained electrical and spatially resolved plasma parameters for pressures as low as 0.5 Pa. Below this pressure the results obtained from the model and the ones from the experiment diverge. Most likely this is caused by a sudden change in the electron distribution function at the lowest pressures.
Spectral features of Pb-related color centers in diamond – a systematic photoluminescence characterization
Authors: Ditalia Tchernij Sviatoslav , Corte Emilio , Lühmann Tobias , Traina Paolo , Pezzagna Sébastien , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Provatas Georgios , Moreva Ekaterina , Meijer Jan , Olivero Paolo , Genovese Marco , Forneris Jacopo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on the systematic characterization of the optical properties of diamond color centers based on Pb impurities. An ensemble photoluminescence analysis of their spectral emission was performed at different excitation wavelengths in the 405–520 nm range and at different temperatures in the 4–300 K range. The series of observed spectral features consist of different emission lines associated with Pb-related defects. Finally, a room-temperature investigation of single-photon emitters under 490.5 nm laser excitation is reported, revealing different spectral signatures with respect to those already reported under 514 nm excitation. This work represents a substantial progress with respect to previous studies on Pb-related color centers, both in the attribution of an articulated series of spectral features and in the understanding of the formation process of this type of defect, thus clarifying the potential of this system for high-impact applications in quantum technologies.
Resolving the influence of local flows on urban heat amplification during heatwaves
Authors: Hirsch Annette L , Evans Jason P , Thomas Christopher , Conroy Brooke , Hart Melissa A , Lipson Mathew , Ertler William 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heatwaves have implications for human health and ecosystem function. Over cities, the impacts of a heatwave event may be compounded by urban heat, where temperatures over the urban area are higher than their rural surroundings. Coastal cities often rely upon sea breezes to provide temporary relief. However, topographic features contributing to the development of Foehn-like conditions can offset the cooling influence of sea breezes. Using convection-permitting simulations (⩽4 km) we examine the potential for both mechanisms to influence heatwave conditions over the large coastal city of Sydney, Australia that is bordered by mountains. Heatwave onset in the hot period of January–February 2017 often coincides with a hot continental flow over the mountains into the city. The temperature difference between the coast and the urban–rural interface can reach 15.79 °C. Further, the urban heat island contributes on average an additional 1 °C in the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere and this often extends beyond the city limits. The cumulative heat induced by the urban environment reaches 10 °C over the city and 3 °C over adjacent inland areas. Strong sea breezes are important for heat dispersion with city temperature gradients reducing to within 1 °C. The resolution permits a comparison between urban types and reveals that the diurnal cycle of temperature, moisture content and wind are sensitive to the urban type. Here we show that convection permitting simulations can resolve the interaction between local breezes and the urban environment that are not currently resolved in coarser resolution models.
Anonymity and Non-Identity Cases
Authors: Francis Tomi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
I argue for the principle of Anonymity, according to which two populations are equally good whenever they have the same anonymous distribution of wellbeing. I first show that, given transitivity of the at-least-as-good-as relation, Anonymity is entailed by the ``Non-Identity Principle'', according to which the consequence of bringing better rather than worse lives into existence is, all else equal, better. I then argue for the Non-Identity Principle on the basis that if it were false, it would follow that we fail to improve the world when we make existing people better off, while at the same time replacing worse-off future people with different better-off future people. Since this is implausible, we should accept the Non-Identity Principle, and therefore Anonymity as well.
Outpatient ureteric stent removal following kidney transplantation
Authors: Georgiades F. , Silva A. N. S. , Purohit K. , King S. , Torpey N. , Saeb-Parsy K. , Pettigrew G. J. , Rouhani F. J. 
Published: May 2021

Lay Summary
During a kidney transplant, a plastic tube (stent) is placed in the ureter, connecting the new kidney to the bladder, in order to keep the new join open during the initial phase of transplantation. The stent is then removed after a few weeks via a camera procedure (cystoscopy), as it is no longer needed. The present study compared performing this in the operating theatre or in clinic for transplanted patients using a new single-use type of camera with an integrated grasper system. The results have shown that it is safe and cost-effective to do this in clinic, despite patients being susceptible to infection after transplantation.
Karyopherin abnormalities in neurodegenerative proteinopathies
Authors: Pasha Terouz , Zatorska Anna , Sharipov Daulet , Rogelj Boris , Hortobágyi Tibor , Hirth Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are characterized by progressive cell loss that is preceded by the mislocalization and aberrant accumulation of proteins prone to aggregation. Despite their different physiological functions, disease-related proteins like tau, α-synuclein, TAR DNA binding protein-43, fused in sarcoma and mutant huntingtin, all share low complexity regions that can mediate their liquid-liquid phase transitions. The proteins’ phase transitions can range from native monomers to soluble oligomers, liquid droplets and further to irreversible, often-mislocalized aggregates that characterize the stages and severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent advances into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have associated mislocalization and aberrant accumulation of disease-related proteins with defective nucleocytoplasmic transport and its mediators called karyopherins. These studies identify karyopherin abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, that range from altered expression levels to the subcellular mislocalization and aggregation of karyopherin α and β proteins.
The reported findings reveal that in addition to their classical function in nuclear import and export, karyopherins can also act as chaperones by shielding aggregation-prone proteins against misfolding, accumulation and irreversible phase-transition into insoluble aggregates. Karyopherin abnormalities can, therefore, be both the cause and consequence of protein mislocalization and aggregate formation in degenerative proteinopathies. The resulting vicious feedback cycle of karyopherin pathology and proteinopathy identifies karyopherin abnormalities as a common denominator of onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease.
Pharmacological targeting of karyopherins, already in clinical trials as therapeutic intervention targeting cancers such as glioblastoma and viral infections like COVID-19, may therefore represent a promising new avenue for disease-modifying treatments in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
ESC working group on cardiac cellular electrophysiology position paper: relevance, opportunities, and limitations of experimental models for cardiac electrophysiology research
Authors: Odening Katja E , Gomez Ana-Maria , Dobrev Dobromir , Fabritz Larissa , Heinzel Frank R , Mangoni Matteo E , Molina Cristina E , Sacconi Leonardo , Smith Godfrey , Stengl Milan , Thomas Dierk , Zaza Antonio , Remme Carol Ann , Heijman Jordi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of death and disability. A large number of experimental cell and animal models have been developed to study arrhythmogenic diseases. These models have provided important insights into the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms and translational options for their therapeutic management. This position paper from the ESC Working Group on Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology provides an overview of (i) currently available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo electrophysiological research methodologies, (ii) the most commonly used experimental (cellular and animal) models for cardiac arrhythmias including relevant species differences, (iii) the use of human cardiac tissue, induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived and in silico models to study cardiac arrhythmias, and (iv) the availability, relevance, limitations, and opportunities of these cellular and animal models to recapitulate specific acquired and inherited arrhythmogenic diseases, including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, sinus node, and conduction disorders and channelopathies. By promoting a better understanding of these models and their limitations, this position paper aims to improve the quality of basic research in cardiac electrophysiology, with the ultimate goal to facilitate the clinical translation and application of basic electrophysiological research findings on arrhythmia mechanisms and therapies.
Co-cultivation of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates from the sake brewing process
Authors: Terasaki Momoka , Inoue Airu , Kanamoto Emi , Yoshida Saki , Yamada Masato , Toda Hiroshi , Nishida Hiromi 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Kocuria isolates collected from the sake brewing process have inhabited the Narimasa Sake Brewery in Toyama, Japan. To investigate the effect of these actinobacterial isolates on the growth and metabolism of sake yeast, co-cultivation of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates was performed in a medium containing tryptone, glucose and yeast extract (TGY), and a solution containing koji (steamed rice covered with Aspergillus oryzae) and glucose. In the TGY medium, the ethanol concentration and the number of living cells of each microorganism were measured. In the koji solution, the concentrations of ethanol and organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid and succinic acid) were measured. The results showed that in TGY media, the growth of each Kocuria isolate in the co-culture of the two Kocuria isolates was similar to that in each monoculture. However, the growth of both Kocuria isolates was inhibited in the co-cultures of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates. On the other hand, the growth and ethanol productivity of sake yeast did not differ between its monoculture and co-cultures with Kocuria isolates. In the koji solution, Kocuria isolates TGY1120_3 and TGY1127_2 affected the concentrations of ethanol and lactic acid, respectively. Thus, Kocuria isolates affected the microbial metabolism, but the effects were not identical between the two isolates. This strongly suggests that bacteria inhabiting a sake brewery may influence the flavor and taste of sake products of the brewery.
The role of non-standard translation in Candida albicans pathogenesis
Authors: Bezerra Ana Rita , Oliveira Carla , Correia Inês , Guimarães Ana Rita , Sousa Gonçalo , Carvalho Maria João , Moura Gabriela , Santos Manuel A S 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Candida albicans typically resides in the human gastrointestinal tract and mucosal membranes as a commensal organism. To adapt and cope with the host immune system, it has evolved a variety of mechanisms of adaptation such as stress-induced mutagenesis and epigenetic regulation. Niche-specific patterns of gene expression also allow the fungus to fine-tune its response to specific microenvironments in the host and switch from harmless commensal to invasive pathogen. Proteome plasticity produced by CUG ambiguity, on the other hand is emerging as a new layer of complexity in C. albicans adaptation, pathogenesis, and drug resistance. Such proteome plasticity is the result of a genetic code alteration where the leucine CUG codon is translated mainly as serine (97%), but maintains some level of leucine (3%) assignment. In this review, we dissect the link between C. albicans non-standard CUG translation, proteome plasticity, host adaptation and pathogenesis. We discuss published work showing how this pathogen uses the fidelity of protein synthesis to spawn novel virulence traits.