bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleeping Site and Tree Selection by Bale Monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) at Kokosa Forest Fragment in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu , Fashing Peter J. , Venkataraman Vivek V. , Chapman Colin A. , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough selecting advantageous sleeping sites is crucial for nonhuman primates, the extent to which different factors contribute to their selection remains largely unknown for many species. We investigated hypotheses relating to predator avoidance, food access, and thermoregulation to explain the sleeping behavior of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) occupying a degraded fragmented forest, Kokosa, in the southern Ethiopian Highlands. We found that the study group reused 11 out of 20 sleeping sites used during the 42 study days over a 6-month period. Sleeping sites were usually close to the last feeding trees of the day (mean distance =15.2 m) and/or the first feeding trees of the next morning (mean distance = 13.5 m). This may reflect an attempt to maximize feeding efficiency and reduce travel costs. Compared to the mean trees in the study area, sleeping trees were significantly shorter. Bale monkeys selected sleeping places in trees with high foliage density above and below them, lending support to the hypothesis that they select sleeping places that can conceal them from predators and at the same time offer shelter from cold weather. The monkeys also frequently huddled at night. Our results suggest that predator avoidance, access to food resources, and thermoregulation all likely influence the selection of sleeping sites by Bale monkeys.
Monitoring Immune Cell Function Through Optical Imaging: a Review Highlighting Transgenic Mouse Models
Authors: Chawda Chintan , McMorrow Roisin , Gaspar Natasa , Zambito Giorgia , Mezzanotte Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transgenic mouse models have facilitated research of human diseases and validation of therapeutic approaches. Inclusion of optical reporter genes (fluorescent or bioluminescent genes) in the targeting vectors used to develop such models makes in vivo imaging of cellular and molecular events possible, from the microscale to the macroscale. In particular, transgenic mouse models expressing optical reporter genes allowed accurately distinguishing immune cell types from trafficking in vivo using intravital microscopy or whole-body optical imaging. Besides lineage tracing and trafficking of different subsets of immune cells, the ability to monitor the function of immune cells is of pivotal importance for investigating the effects of immunotherapies against cancer. Here, we introduce the reader to state-of-the-art approaches to develop transgenics, optical imaging techniques, and several notable examples of transgenic mouse models developed for immunology research by critically highlighting the models that allow the following of immune cell function.
Cardiotoxicity—current recommendations of prevention and treatment
Authors: Bergler-Klein Jutta 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTremendous advances in modern oncology therapies enable an increasing life expectancy of many cancer entities. Short or long-term cardiovascular side effects, however, gain importance. The current review focuses on recent recommendations for strategies of preventing and treating cardiotoxicity. A personalized assessment of the baseline risk of cardiotoxicity is recommended in all patients, without delaying the initiation of the cancer therapy. A baseline ECG, biomarkers (NT-proBNP, troponin), blood pressure and echocardiography should be obtained in all patients scheduled for potentially cardiotoxic treatments. Cardiac risk factors, e.g., coronary disease, hypertension, elevated lipids, should be promptly treated and optimized. Increased surveillance with more frequent cardiac imaging and sequential biomarker assessment during the cycles is recommended in high-risk cardiac patients. New imaging methods in echocardiography such as speckle tracking global longitudinal strain reflecting early myocardial ventricular deterioration are proposed in recent recommendations. Signs of cardiotoxicity should induce early treatment by, e.g., ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers and/or other heart failure therapies. Immune therapies, e.g., checkpoint-inhibitors can induce cardiac events such as arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome with plaque rupture, or myocarditis, even in negative magnetic resonance imaging or normal echocardiography findings. Troponin, BNP and ECG may help to identify these potentially deleterious side effects. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional influence of heart disease and cancer, e.g., by common inflammatory pathways. Pre-existent heart disease leads to worse prognosis in cancer, necessitating close follow-up and cardiac treatment during cancer therapy. On the other hand, cardiovascular mortality is increased after cancer survival and periodic cardiac follow-up is recommended long-term especially after chemotherapy and-or radiation.
Hegel's A Priori and the Critique of Three Aprioristic Readings of the Science of Logic
Authors: Orsini Federico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe goal of my essay is to clarify the status of the a priori in Hegel's Science of Logic. My claim is that in order to make possible an appreciation of the originality of Hegel's position we need to map a context of discussion and to dissolve a set of preconceptions about Hegel's idea of philosophy. My argument will be articulated in two parts. In the first part, I will analyse four possible positions regarding the issue of the aprioricity of the Logic, I will defend a fifth position, and I will draw a distinction between apriorism and a priori. In the second part, I will examine three distinct charges of apriorism against Hegel's Logic: the charge of assuming God's point of view of the universe, the charge of vicious circularity between the beginning and the end of the Logic, the charge of self-sufficiency of the Logic. As a result, I hope to show that these charges are unfounded, and to clear the ground for an adequate evaluation of Hegel's own sublation (Aufhebung) of the a priori/a posteriori divide.
THE LATE ANTIQUE AFTERLIFE OF ROMAN EXEMPLARITY: THE CASE OF SCIPIO NASICA IN LIVY,AB VRBE CONDITABOOK 29 AND AUGUSTINE,DE CIVITATE DEI1.30–2.5
Authors: Krauss Katherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article calls for a new understanding of the relationship between classicizing and Christian discourses of exemplarity through a close reading of the figure of Scipio Nasica in Livy,Ab urbe conditaBook 29 and Augustine,De ciuitate DeiBooks 1–2. Nasica, whose selection as auir optimusby the Senate in 204b.c.e.has puzzled modern scholars, was a source of historiographical difficulty for Livy that prompted him to reflect upon exemplarity, mythmaking and the tenuous relationship between past and present. For Augustine, on the other hand, Nasica was a pagan, and thus imperfect, realization of Christianpietasand restraint from luxurious behaviour. Although differing in their interpretations of the Republicanexemplum, both Livy and Augustine point to the complexities inherent in invocations of paradigmatic Romanmaiores. The close study of Scipio Nasica thus reveals the classicizing precedent lingering behind the supposedly ‘Christian’ rejections of pre-Christian Roman culture in theDe ciuitate Dei.
Honey bees with a drinking problem: potential routes of Nosema ceranae spore transmission
Authors: MacInnis Courtney I. , Keddie B. Andrew , Pernal Stephen F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nosema apis and N. ceranae are the two causative agents of Nosema disease in adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Nosema apis has been a recognized parasite for over a century and its epizootiology is well known. In contrast, N. ceranae is an emerging parasite of honey bees, which is now globally prevalent and the dominant Nosema spp. in many parts of the world. Despite this, many gaps in our knowledge exist regarding this species. For example, we do not fully understand all of the routes of transmission of N. ceranae among bees, or how long this parasite is capable of surviving in honey bee colonies. Here we investigated the viability and infectivity of N. ceranae spores in water and 2 M sucrose over time after storage at 33, 20, −12 and −20°C. Spores in both 2 M sucrose and water maintained high viability, except in water at −20°C over the course of the 6-week experiment. Infectivity was variable for spores after storage at all four temperatures, but all were infective at the last time point. The results provide evidence for cold tolerance and suggest that both water and 2 M sucrose (fall bee feed) could act as routes of transmission for N. ceranae. This work also contains information that may help influence management recommendations for the parasite.
Pathways of participation in paid and unpaid work in mid to later life in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sacco Lawrence B. , Corna Laurie M. , Price Debora , Glaser Karen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolicy responses to population ageing have focused on lengthening working lives, overlooking inequalities in older adults’ participation in unpaid activities. This paper examines participation in paid and unpaid activities between the ages of 55 and 70 to answer two questions: how do people navigate pathways of paid work, informal care, volunteering, civic participation and housework in mid to later life?; and how do these pathways relate to gender, socio-economic and health inequalities? Two-staged latent class analysis was used to identify activity pathways using data from the British Household Panel Survey (1996–2008). Multinomial logistic models assessed associations between latent pathways and socio-demographic and health characteristics. Three pathways were observed: full-time work to low activity (49%), part-time and in-home work (34%) and multiple activities (16%). Aside from retirement from full-time work, the pathways of participation in paid and unpaid activities were characterised by continuity; substitution between different forms of paid and unpaid work was not observed. Participation in multiple paid and unpaid activities was more common for respondents in better health and of higher socio-economic status. Since the promotion of paid work and volunteering in later life may mainly benefit individuals in advantaged circumstances, policies should avoid taking a blanket approach to encouraging participation in multiple activities, a key component of active ageing.
‘This is not who we are’: Gendered bordering practices, ontological insecurity, and lines of continuity under the Trump presidency
Authors: Agius Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Trump presidency ushered in a heightened sense of ontological insecurity in the US, based on a national self-narrative that portrayed an emasculated America. Trump promised to return the US to primacy by pursuing policies and practices that focused on border protection, militarisation, and the vilification of external others, while amplifying racial tensions within the country. From caging immigrant children at the border, to an enabling of white supremacy and the Capitol riots, Trump's presidency was broadly seen as aberration in the self-narrative of America as a tolerant, democratic nation. In this article, I am interested in how gendered bordering practices inform ontological (in)security in Trump's narrative of the nation, domestic and external policy, and discourses. While Trump's electoral loss to Biden in 2020 has been described as a ‘return to normal’, this article instead considers how Trump's presidency exhibited lines of continuity when examined through a gender lens. Understanding how masculinism informs ideas of ontological security reveals how notions of gendered bordering, hierarchy, and ordering have been persistent threads in US politics, rather than simply an anomaly under Trump. This suggests greater potential to read ontological security in more complex terms through gendered bordering practices.
In Their Own Words: How COVID-19 Has Impacted the Well-Being of Persons Living with Dementia in the Community
Authors: McAiney Carrie , Conway Emma , Koch Melissa , Middleton Laura , Dupuis Sherry , Keller Heather , Dupuis Kate , Lee Linda , Fehr Phyllis , Beleno Ron , Kuepfer Jane , Boger Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has had a devasting impact on older adults in Canada, including persons living with dementia. This intrinsic case study sought to understand the perceptions of persons living with dementia regarding how COVID-19 has impacted their well-being. Ten persons living with dementia participated in in-depth qualitative interviews about their experience with COVID-19. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) expressing current and future concerns; (2) social connections and isolation; (3) adapting to change and resilience through engagement and hope; and (4) we’re not all the same: reflecting individual experiences of the pandemic. Results highlight that while COVID-19 contributed to isolation, concerns, and frustrations, persons with dementia also demonstrated adaptation and resilience. This study reinforced that persons with dementia and their responses to challenges are unique. Therefore, interventions to support persons with dementia must also be individualized to each person’s abilities and circumstances.
A greedy algorithm for dropping digits
Authors: BIRD RICHARD , MU SHIN-CHENG 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Consider the following puzzle: given a number, remove k digits such that the resulting number is as large as possible. Various techniques are employed to derive a linear-time solution to the puzzle: we justify the structure of a greedy algorithm by predicate logic, give a constructive proof of the greedy condition using a dependently typed proof assistant and calculate the greedy step as well as the final, linear-time optimisation by equational reasoning.
How Well Do We Know the Surface Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings?
Authors: Oehrlein Jessica , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Sun Lantao , Deser Clara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are key to understanding and predicting subseasonal Northern Hemisphere winter climate variability. Here we study the uncertainty in the surface response to SSWs in reanalysis data by constructing synthetic composites based on bootstrapping the 39 events observed during the 1958–2019 period. We find that the well‐known responses in the North Atlantic and European regions following SSWs are consistently present, but their magnitude and spatial pattern vary considerably across the synthetic composites. We further find that this uncertainty is unrelated to stratospheric polar vortex strength and is instead the result of independent tropospheric variability. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating the fidelity of the surface response to SSWs in models.
Cold Anomaly Over Nova Zembla–Ural Mountains: A Precursor for the Summer Long‐Lived Heat Wave in Northeast Asia?
Authors: Yang Xiaoye , Zeng Gang , Zhang Shiyue , Wang Wei‐Chyung , Iyakaremye Vedaste 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies suggest that, on the interannual time scale, there exists a wave‐train teleconnection that associates the cold anomaly over Nova Zembla–Ural Mountains (CNU) with the summer heat waves (HW) in Northeast Asia (NEA). Here, we used 1979–2020 NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis to investigate, on the synoptic‐scale, the characteristics of NEA‐HWs and their association with CNU. Analyses reveal the CNU usually leads the HW, and its significant signal strengthens about 6‐day before long‐lived (last 5‐day and more) HWs, which account for 27.8% and 54%, respectively, of the total 252 HW events and 956 HW days. Aided by Linear Baroclinic Model simulations, we conclude that the enhanced and slow‐moving CNU further stimulates and maintains the anticyclonic anomalies over NEA by strengthening the atmospheric blocking and the amplitude of the wave‐train, resulting in longer HWs. The potential use of the lagged association for HW forecasting is discussed.
The Spatial Relationship Between Contemporaneous Tremor Detections in Relatively Low‐ and High‐Frequency Bands
Authors: Song Chao , Rubin Allan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough tremor is believed to consist of myriad low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs), it also contains longer‐period signals of unknown origin. We investigate the source of some of the longer‐period signals by locating tremor windows independently in relatively high‐frequency (“HF”, 1.25–6.5 Hz, containing typical LFEs) and low‐frequency (“LF”, 0.5–1.25 Hz) bands. We hypothesize that if tremor consists entirely of LFEs, such that the lower‐frequency signals come from the non‐uniform timing of higher‐frequency (∼2 Hz) LFEs, then contemporaneous LF and HF signals should be nearly co‐located. Here we search for a systematic offset between the locations of contemporaneous LF and HF detections during rapid tremor migrations (RTMs). This first requires correcting for apparent offsets in location that arise simply from filtering in different passbands. To guard against possible errors in our empirical filtering effect corrections, we focus on a region of the subduction interface beneath southern Vancouver Island that hosts migrations propagating in nearly opposing directions. We find that the LF energy appears to occur roughly 500 m farther behind the propagating fronts of RTMs than the HF energy, whether those fronts propagate to the ENE or to the WSW. This separation is small compared to the location error of individual LF detections, but the result seems robust owing to the large number of detections. If this result stands, it suggests that tremor consists of more than just a collection of LFEs, with longer‐period energy being generated farther behind the migrating fronts of RTMs, where slip speeds are presumably lower.
m6A-mediated upregulation of AC008 promotes osteoarthritis progression through the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH axis
Authors: Yang Jiashu , Zhang Ming , Yang Dawei , Ma Yunfei , Tang Yuting , Xing Mengying , Li Lingyun , Chen Li , Jin Yucui , Ma Changyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of osteoarthritis (OA), but the biological roles and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in OA are not fully understood. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs between normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. We found that AC008440.5 (abbreviated AC008), as well as AQP1 and ANKH, were highly expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage, whereas miR-328-3p was expressed at a low level in osteoarthritic cartilage. Functional assays showed that ectopic expression of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH significantly decreased chondrocyte viability and promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, whereas knockdown of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, miR-328-3p overexpression increased chondrocyte viability and attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation, whereas inhibition of miR-328-3p resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase assays revealed that AC008 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate miR-328-3p, which specifically targeted the AQP1 and ANKH genes. In addition, miR-328-3p significantly ameliorated MIA-induced OA, whereas AC008 accelerated OA progression in vivo. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)-mediated N6-methyladenosine demethylation downregulated AC008 transcription, while lower FTO expression led to upregulation of AC008 transcription in OA. In conclusion, our data reveal that AC008 plays a critical role in OA pathogenesis via the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH pathway, suggesting that AC008 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA.
Sarcopenic obesity is associated with telomere shortening: findings from the NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Goddard Thomas , Tsintzas Kostas , Stephan Blossom C. M. , Prado Carla M. , Mazidi Mohsen , Siervo Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia and excess adiposity. Telomere shortening has been associated with sarcopenia and obesity alone but the association between SO and telomere length (TL) has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate SO and TL in an adult population. Data were from 5397 individuals (mean age = 44.7 years, 51.3% male) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Body composition (BC) was assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Two models were used to assess SO: a BC model including four phenotypes derived from the combination of high or low adiposity and muscle mass; and, a truncal fat mass to appendicular skeletal mass ratio (TrFM/ASM). TL was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as base pairs. The mean TL, relative to the reference DNA, was calculated and expressed as the mean T/S ratio. A General Linear Model was applied to determine associations between TL for SO. In adjusted analysis, only individuals with SO, defined as the presence of high adiposity-low muscle mass (four-phenotype model), had significantly shorter telomeres (p = 0.05) than the reference group (i.e. low adiposity-high muscle mass), with a mean T/S ratio of 1.02 (95%CI: 0.98–1.05) compared to 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01–1.09), respectively. TrFM/ASM was not associated with TL. Preliminary findings suggest that sarcopenia and obesity may act synergistically to shorten telomeres.
Chromatin-accessibility estimation from single-cell ATAC-seq data with scOpen
Authors: Li Zhijian , Kuppe Christoph , Ziegler Susanne , Cheng Mingbo , Kabgani Nazanin , Menzel Sylvia , Zenke Martin , Kramann Rafael , Costa Ivan G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA major drawback of single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) is its sparsity, i.e., open chromatin regions with no reads due to loss of DNA material during the scATAC-seq protocol. Here, we propose scOpen, a computational method based on regularized non-negative matrix factorization for imputing and quantifying the open chromatin status of regulatory regions from sparse scATAC-seq experiments. We show that scOpen improves crucial downstream analysis steps of scATAC-seq data as clustering, visualization, cis-regulatory DNA interactions, and delineation of regulatory features. We demonstrate the power of scOpen to dissect regulatory changes in the development of fibrosis in the kidney. This identifies a role of Runx1 and target genes by promoting fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation driving kidney fibrosis.
Independent somatic evolution underlies clustered neuroendocrine tumors in the human small intestine
Authors: Elias Erik , Ardalan Arman , Lindberg Markus , Reinsbach Susanne E. , Muth Andreas , Nilsson Ola , Arvidsson Yvonne , Larsson Erik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall intestine neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET), the most common cancer of the small bowel, often displays a curious multifocal phenotype with several tumors clustered together in a limited intestinal segment. SI-NET also shows an unusual absence of driver mutations explaining tumor initiation and metastatic spread. The evolutionary trajectories that underlie multifocal SI-NET lesions could provide insight into the underlying tumor biology, but this question remains unresolved. Here, we determine the complete genome sequences of 61 tumors and metastases from 11 patients with multifocal SI-NET, allowing for elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between tumors within single patients. Intra-individual comparisons revealed a lack of shared somatic single-nucleotide variants among the sampled intestinal lesions, supporting an independent clonal origin. Furthermore, in three of the patients, two independent tumors had metastasized. We conclude that primary multifocal SI-NETs generally arise from clonally independent cells, suggesting a contribution from a cancer-priming local factor.