bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eligible neonatal donors after circulatory determination of death (Maastricht type III): A national survey of level III NICUs
Authors: Caserío Sonia , Arnaez Juan ,   the Neo‐Spain Donation Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrgan donation continues to increase worldwide, but in general paediatric patients remain less likely to receive a transplant. The inclusion of neonates as donors after cDCD should be considered in an effort to increase donation rates.MethodsThe survey for a cross‐sectional national study of potential cDCD neonatal donors (Maastricht type III) was sent to all 90 level III Spanish neonatal units to explore: 1) protocols, education, and specific opinions on donation and 2) potential cDCD that could have been eligible over a 2‐year period (2014–2015).ResultsForty‐five centers (50%) completed the survey, and 38/45 gave information about potential eligible donors. In 16% of the centers specific protocols on neonatal donation exist. All hospitals demanded more specific training, and 65% noted that the donation process could be a problem in the family's dismissal of the child.During the study period 46 805 neonates were admitted in the 38 centers, and 625 neonates died. Ninety‐five born at a gestational age ≥34 weeks and above 2000 gr died after an EoL decision, 38 (40%) and 13 (14%) of them due to neonatal encephalopathy and multiple congenital anomalies, respectively. There were 31 (33%) elegible infants who died in less than 120 min due to pathologies that did not contraindicate donation.ConclusionsNeonatal cDCD could help to reduce the gap between the supply of and demand for organs according to the potentially eligible patients emerging from this study. Training in EoL and donation processes should be provided to healthcare professionals.
Delayed sequential abdominal wall closure in pediatric liver transplantation to overcome “large for size” scenarios
Authors: Molino José Andrés , Hidalgo Ernest , Quintero Jesús , Coma Ana , Ortega Juan , Juamperez Javier , Mercadal‐Hally María , Riera Lluis , Riaza Lucia , Bilbao Itxarone , Dopazo Cristina , Caralt Mireia , Pando Elisabeth , Gómez‐Gavara Concepción , Charco Ramón 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is neither always possible nor advisable, given the graft‐recipient size discrepancy and its potential large‐for‐size scenario. Our objective was to report the experience accumulated with delayed sequential closure (DSC) guided by Doppler ultrasound control.MethodsRetrospective analysis of DSC performed from 2013 to March 2020.ResultsTwenty‐seven DSC (26.5%) were identified out of 102 PLT. Transplant indications and type of grafts were similar among both groups. In patients with DSC, mean weight and GRWR were 9.4 ± 5.5 kg (3.1–26 kg) and 4.7 ± 2.4 (1.9–9.7), significantly lower and higher than the primary closure cohort, respectively. The median time to achieve definitive closure was 6 days (range 3–23 days), and the median number of procedures was 4 (range 2–9). Patients with DSC had longer overall PICU (22.5 ± 16.9 vs. 9.1 ± 9.7 days, p < .05) and hospital stay (33.4 ± 19.1 vs 23, 9 ± 19.8 days (p < .05). These differences are less remarkable if the analysis is performed in a subgroup of patients weighing less than 10 kg. Two patients presented vascular complications (7.4%) within DSC group. No differences were seen when comparing overall, 3‐year graft and patient survival (96% and 96% in the DSC group).ConclusionsDSC is a simple and safe technique to ensure satisfactory clinical outcomes to overcome “large for size” scenarios in PLT. In addition, we were able to avoid using a permanent biological material for closing the abdomen.
Does transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation affect vagally mediated heart rate variability? A living and interactive Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Wolf Vinzent , Kühnel Anne , Teckentrup Vanessa , Koenig Julian , Kroemer Nils B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon‐invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), have considerable potential for clinical use. Beneficial effects of taVNS have been demonstrated on symptoms in patients with mental or neurological disorders as well as transdiagnostic dimensions, including mood and motivation. However, since taVNS research is still an emerging field, the underlying neurophysiological processes are not yet fully understood, and the replicability of findings on biomarkers of taVNS effects has been questioned. The objective of this analysis was to synthesize the current evidence concerning the effects of taVNS on vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a candidate biomarker that has, so far, received most attention in the field. We performed a living Bayesian random effects meta‐analysis. To keep the synthesis of evidence transparent and up to date as new studies are being published, we developed a Shiny web app that regularly incorporates new results and enables users to modify study selection criteria to evaluate the robustness of the inference across potential confounds. Our analysis focuses on 16 single‐blind studies comparing taVNS versus sham in healthy participants. The meta‐analysis provides strong evidence for the null hypothesis (g = 0.014, CIshortest = [−0.103, 0.132], BF01 = 24.678), indicating that acute taVNS does not alter vmHRV compared to sham. To conclude, there is no support for the hypothesis that vmHRV is a robust biomarker for acute taVNS. By increasing transparency and timeliness, the concept of living meta‐analyses can lead to transformational benefits in emerging fields such as non‐invasive brain stimulation.
IL‐17A is a common and critical driver of impaired lung function and immunopathology induced by influenza virus, rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Sokulsky Leon , Li Xiang , Garcia Netto Keilah , Hsu Alan Chen‐Yu , Liu Chi , Laurie Karen , Barr Ian , Tay Hock , Eyers Fiona , Foster Paul S. , Yang Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveInfluenza virus (FLU), rhinovirus (RV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the most common acute respiratory infections worldwide. Infection can cause severe health outcomes, while therapeutic options are limited, primarily relieving symptoms without attenuating the development of lesions or impaired lung function. We therefore examined the inflammatory response to these infections with the intent to identify common components that are critical drivers of immunopathogenesis and thus represent potential therapeutic targets.MethodsBALB/c mice were infected with FLU, RV or RSV, and lung function, airway inflammation and immunohistopathology were measured over a 10‐day period. Anti‐IL‐17A mAb was administered to determine the impact of attenuating this cytokine's function on the development and severity of disease.ResultsAll three viruses induced severe airway constriction and inflammation at 2 days post‐infection (dpi). However, only FLU induced prolonged inflammation till 10 dpi. Increased IL‐17A expression was correlated with the alterations in lung function and its persistence. Neutralization of IL‐17A did not affect the viral replication but led to the resolution of airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, anti‐IL‐17A treatment resulted in reduced infiltration of neutrophils (in RV‐ and FLU‐infected mice at 2 dpi) and lymphocytes (in RSV‐infected mice at 2 dpi and FLU‐infected mice at 10 dpi), and attenuated the severity of immunopathology.ConclusionIL‐17A is a common pathogenic molecule regulating disease induced by three prevalent respiratory viruses. Targeting the IL‐17A pathway may provide a unified approach to the treatment of these respiratory infections alleviating both inflammation‐induced lesions and difficulties in breathing.
On the variation of bi‐periodic waves in the transverse direction
Authors: Henderson Diane M. , Carter John D. , Catalano Megan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeakly nonlinear, bi‐periodic patterns of waves that propagate in the ‐direction with amplitude variation in the ‐direction are generated in a laboratory. The amplitude variation in the ‐direction is studied within the framework of the vector (vNLSE) and scalar (sNLSE) nonlinear Schrödinger equations using the uniform‐amplitude, Stokes‐like solution of the vNLSE and the Jacobi elliptic sine function solution of the sNLSE. The wavetrains are generated using the Stokes‐like solution of vNLSE; however, a comparison of both predictions shows that while they both do a reasonably good job of predicting the observed amplitude variation in , the comparison with the elliptic function solution of the sNLSE has significantly less error when the ratio of ‐wavenumber to the two‐dimensional wavenumber is less than about 0.25. For ratios between about 0.25 and 0.30 (the limit of the experiments), the two models have comparable errors. When the ratio is less than about 0.17, agreement with the vNLSE solution requires a third‐harmonic term in the ‐direction, obtained from a Stokes‐type expansion of interacting, symmetric wavetrains. There is no evidence of instability growth in the ‐direction, consistent with the work of Segur and colleagues, who showed that dissipation stabilizes the modulational instability. Finally, there is some extra amplitude variation in , which is examined via a qualitative stability calculation that allows symmetry breaking in that direction.
Should we individualize training based on force‐velocity profiling to improve physical performance in athletes?
Authors: Lindberg Kolbjørn , Solberg Paul , Rønnestad Bent R. , Frank Martin Thorsen , Larsen Tommy , Abusdal Gøran , Berntsen Sveinung , Paulsen Gøran , Sveen Ole , Seynnes Olivier , Bjørnsen Thomas 
Published: September 2021

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an individualized training program based on force‐velocity (FV) profiling on jumping, sprinting, strength, and power in athletes. Forty national level team sport athletes (20 ± 4years, 83 ± 13 kg) from ice‐hockey, handball, and soccer completed a 10‐week training intervention. A theoretical optimal squat jump (SJ)‐FV‐profile was calculated from SJ with five different loads (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg). Based on their initial FV‐profile, athletes were randomized to train toward, away, or irrespective (balanced training) of their initial theoretical optimal FV‐profile. The training content was matched between groups in terms of set x repetitions but varied in relative loading to target the different aspects of the FV‐profile. The athletes performed 10 and 30 m sprints, SJ and countermovement jump (CMJ), 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, and a leg‐press power test before and after the intervention. There were no significant group differences for any of the performance measures. Trivial to small changes in 1RM squat (2.9%, 4.6%, and 6.5%), 10 m sprint time (1.0%, −0.9%, and −1.7%), 30 m sprint time (0.9%, −0.6%, and −0.4%), CMJ height (4.3%, 3.1%, and 5.7%), SJ height (4.8%, 3.7%, and 5.7%), and leg‐press power (6.7%, 4.2%, and 2.9%) were observed in the groups training toward, away, or irrespective of their initial theoretical optimal FV‐profile, respectively. Changes toward the optimal SJ‐FV‐profile were negatively correlated with changes in SJ height (r = −0.49, p < 0.001). Changes in SJ‐power were positively related to changes in SJ‐height (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and CMJ‐height (r = 0.32, p = 0.044), but unrelated to changes in 10 m (r = −0.02, p = 0.921) and 30 m sprint time (r = −0.01, p = 0.974). The results from this study do not support the efficacy of individualized training based on SJ‐FV profiling.
Analysis of spatiotemporal mobility of shared‐bike usage during COVID‐19 pandemic in Beijing
Authors: Chai Xinwei , Guo Xian , Xiao Jihua , Jiang Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe entire world is experiencing a crisis in public health and the economy owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Understanding human mobility during the pandemic helps to formulate interventional strategies and resilient measures. The widely used bike‐sharing system (BSS) could illustrate the activities of urban dwellers over time and space in big cities; however, it is rarely reported in epidemiological research. In this article, we analyze the BSS data to examine the human mobility of shared‐bike users, detecting the key time nodes of different pandemic stages and demonstrating the evolution of human mobility owing to the onset of the COVID‐19 threat and administrative restrictions. We assessed the net impact of the pandemic using the results of co‐location analysis between shared‐bike usage and points of interest. Our results demonstrate that the pandemic has reduced overall bike usage by 64.8%; however, a subsequent average increase (15.9%) in shared‐bike usage has been observed, suggesting partial recovery of productive and residential activities, although far from normal times. These findings could be a reference for epidemiological research, and thereby aid policymaking in the context of the current COVID‐19 outbreak and other epidemic events at the city scale.
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly and population genomics provide insights into the adaptation, domestication, and flavonoid metabolism of Chinese plum
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Shen Fei , Chen Yuling , Cao Ke , Wang Lirong 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYGlobally, commercialized plum cultivars are mostly diploid Chinese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.), also known as Japanese plums, and are one of the most abundant and variable fruit tree species. To advance Prunus genomic research, we present a chromosome‐scale P. salicina genome assembly, constructed using an integrated strategy that combines Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) sequencing. The high‐quality genome assembly consists of a 318.6‐Mb sequence (contig N50 length of 2.3 Mb) with eight pseudo‐chromosomes. The expansion of the P. salicina genome is led by recent segmental duplications and a long terminal repeat burst of approximately 0.2 Mya. This resulted in a significant expansion of gene families associated with flavonoid metabolism and plant resistance, which impacted fruit flavor and increased species adaptability. Population structure and domestication history suggest that Chinese plum may have originated from South China and provides a domestication route with accompanying genomic variations. Selection sweep and genetic diversity analysis enabled the identification of several critical genes associated with flowering time, stress tolerance, and flavonoid metabolism, demonstrating the essential roles of related pathways during domestication. Furthermore, we reconstructed and exploited flavonoid–anthocyanin metabolism using multi‐omics analysis in Chinese plum and proposed a complete metabolic pathway. Collectively, our results will facilitate further candidate gene discovery for important agronomic traits in Chinese plum and provide insights into future functional genomic studies and DNA‐informed breeding.
Effect of an Axially Tilted Variable Stator Vane Platform on Penny Cavity and Main Flow
Authors: Janssen Johannes , Pohl Daniel , Jeschke Peter , Halcoussis Alexander , Hain Rainer , Fuchs Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the impact of an axially tilted variable stator vane (VSV) platform on penny cavity flow and passage flow, with the aid of both optical and pneumatic measurements in an annular cascade wind tunnel as well as steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Variable stator vanes in axial compressors require a clearance from the endwalls. This means that penny cavities around the vane platform are inevitable. Production and assembly deviations can result in a vane platform which is tilted about the circumferential axis. Penny cavity and main flow in geometries with and without platform tilting were compared in an annular cascade wind tunnel. Detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted inside the penny cavity and in the vane passage. Steady pressure and velocity data was obtained by two-dimensional multi-hole pressure probe traverses in the inflow and the outflow. Furthermore, pneumatic measurements were carried out using pressure taps inside the penny cavity. Additionally, oil flow visualization was conducted on the airfoil, hub, and penny cavity surfaces. Steady CFD simulations have been benchmarked against experimental data. The results show that tilting the vane platform reduces the penny cavity leakage mass flow. By decreasing penny cavity leakage, platform tilting also affects the passage flow where it leads to a reduced turbulence level and total pressure loss in the leakage flow region. In summary, the paper demonstrates the influence of penny platform tilting on cavity flow and passage flow and provides new insights into the mechanisms of penny cavity-associated losses.
Anodic Dissolution Behavior of Passive Layer During Hybrid Electrochemical Micromachining of Ti6Al4V in NaNO3 Solution
Authors: Tak Mukesh , Mote Rakesh G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTitanium and its alloys are considered as difficult to cut material classes, and their processing through the traditional machining methods is a painful task. These materials have an outstanding combination of properties like high specific strength, excellent corrosive resistance, and exceptional biocompatibility; therefore, they have broad fields of application like aerospace, micro-electromechanical system, and biomedical. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is a vital process for the production of microdomain features in difficult-to-machine materials. The machining issue with ECMM for titanium and their alloys is the passive layer formation, which hinders the dissolution and causes stray removal. To overcome these issues, a hybrid ECMM approach has been proposed by using a diamond abrasive tool combined with ECMM. This study focuses on the detailed characterization of the passive layer formed using the hybrid approach. Through the use of abrasive tool, the abrasive grits scoop the passive layer by the mechanical grinding action, formed in microdrilling on the Ti6Al4V alloy to expose a new surface for further dissolution. The microholes were produced incorporating the abrasive tool and then compared by the holes created using a cylindrical tool (tool without abrasive). The taper and the stray dissolution of the microholes were also compared, produced at different applied potentials. The minimum average entry overcut and exit overcut of the hole were obtained as 29 μm and 3 μm, respectively, also a microhole with the lowest taper of 2.7 deg, achieved by the use of the abrasive microtool.
Design and Analysis of a Fully Actuated Cable-Driven Joint for Hyper-Redundant Robots With Optimal Cable Routing
Authors: Guardiani Paolo , Ludovico Daniele , Pistone Alessandro , Abidi Haider , Zaplana Isiah , Lee Jinoh , Caldwell Darwin G. , Canali Carlo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cable-driven hyper-redundant robots have been adopted in many fields for accessing harsh and confined environments that may be inaccessible or dangerous for humans. The cable actuation strategy makes the robot hardware safer and increases the robot payload reducing its weight. In this paper, a novel design of a fully actuated cable-driven hyper-redundant robot has been proposed. This solution is a pulleyless design that decreases the mechanical complexity, allowing to have a compact arm diameter and avoid tension losses on the cables during the motion. Three different joint designs have been taken into account and experiments have been carried to study their performances.The kinematics for the n-joint robot has been formulated, and two cable routing optimization methods, based on a genetic algorithm, have been proposed and applied to a five-joint robot.
Structure Synthesis and Reconfiguration Analysis of Variable-Degree-of-Freedom Single-Loop Mechanisms With Prismatic Joints Using Dual Quaternions
Authors: Liu Kai , Yu Jingjun , Kong Xianwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the structure synthesis and reconfiguration analysis of variable-DOF (variable-degree-of-freedom) single-loop mechanisms with prismatic joints based on a unified tool—the dual quaternion. According to motion polynomials over dual quaternions, an algebraic method is presented to synthesize variable-DOF single-loop 5R2P mechanisms (R and P denote revolute and prismatic joints, respectively), which are composed of the Bennett and RPRP mechanisms. Using this approach, variable-DOF single-loop RRPRPRR and RRPRRPR mechanisms are constructed by joints obtained from the factorization of motion polynomials. Then reconfiguration analysis of these variable-DOF single-loop mechanisms is performed in light of the kinematic mapping based on dual quaternions as well as the prime decomposition. The results show that the variable-DOF 5R2P mechanisms have a 1DOF spatial 5P2P motion mode and a 2DOF Bennett-RPRP motion mode. Furthermore, the variable-DOF 5R2P mechanisms have two transition configurations, from which the mechanisms can switch among their two motion modes.
Design and Validation of A Novel Planar 2R1T Remote Center-of-motion Mechanism Composing of Dual-Triangular and Straight-Line Linkages
Authors: Chen Genliang , Xun Yuanhao , Chai Yuchen , Yao Siyue , Chen Chao , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Benefiting from small incision and fast recovery, minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) exhibit great advantages in clinical operations. In such kind of surgeries, the remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanisms play an important role owing to their special motion characteristics. This paper presents the design of a novel planar RCM mechanism of two rotational and one translational degrees-of-freedom. In the proposed design, the mobility of RCM mechanisms is decomposed into one-DOF pure rotation and translation with a remote stationary point. The dual-triangular linkage and the Peaucellier-Lipkin straight-line linkage are introduced to achieve the remote rotation and translation, respectively. Inspired by the concept of virtual screw, a dual-helical differential-motion joint is particularly designed to generate the coaxial rotation and translation. A preliminary prototype is developed to validate the feasibility of the designed RCM mechanism. The experimental results show that the developed prototype is easy to control and of acceptable positioning accuracy, which manifests potential application in MIS.