bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1507A cross sectional study on respiratory morbidity among traffic police personnel in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Wassey Abdul , Afreen Ishrath , Lakshman Rao RL 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Occupational hazards cause early deaths to millions of people worldwide and result in avoidable morbidity that adversely affect the quality of life. The problem of air pollution is also addressed in two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – SGD3 and SDG11. Traffic police are one of the worst sufferers because they are continuously exposed to the toxic pollutants emitted from the automobiles.

Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2016 to October 2017 among traffic police personnel of Hyderabad district, Telangana. The study was done with a sample size of 270. Data collection was done using a standardized pretested structured schedule developed using ATS-DLD questionnaire, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) measurements and spirometry for lung volumes.

Results
The average roadside working hours per day for the study participants was 6 hrs per day. The prevalence of respiratory morbidity was found to be 29.85%. Chronic phlegm, chronic cough and chronic wheeze was reported in 18.99%, 13.17%, 2.32% respectively. Respiratory morbidity was significantly associated with age, duration of occupation related exposure to air pollution and the Air Quality Index of workplace (p &lt; 0.05). Around 29% showed obstructive pattern Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). Around 68% had FEV1 less than 80% predicted.

Conclusions
The respiratory morbidity may be attributed to the harmful effects of air pollution due to vehicular exhaust.

Key messages
Respiratory morbidity among traffic police personnel in Hyderabad warrants implementation of preventive measures.
64Traditional Japanese Diet Score and cancer incidence and mortality - a 23-year longitudinal global study
Authors: Abe Chisato , Imai Tomoko , Sezaki Ayako , Miyamoto Keiko , Kawase Fumiya , Shirai Yoshiro , Inden Ayaka , Kato Takumi , Sanada Masayo , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Traditional Japanese diets are considered to be one cause of Japanese health and longevity. We created a Traditional Japanese Diet Score (TJDS) and investigated the relationship between the TJDS and cancer during more than 20 years using global database.

Methods
Total cancer incidence and mortality by country were identified from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 database. Average food supply (g/day/capita) and energy supply (kcal/day/capita) by country were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database. The TJDS by country was calculated from nine food groups, the higher scores mean the more adherence to traditional Japanese diet. That is beneficial food groups (rice, fish, soybeans, vegetables, eggs, seaweed) gave positive points to high supply amount, and food groups not commonly used in the Japanese diet (wheat, milk, and red meat) gave minus points to high supply amount. The longitudinal associations between the TJDS and cancer incidence and mortality controlled for covariates were examined during 23 years from 1990 to 2013. The country covered by this study was 139 countries with populations of 1 million or greater.

Results
The TJDS was negatively associated with cancer incidence and mortality longitudinally in a linear mixed-effect model controlled for covariates.

Conclusions
These results suggest that greater adherence with the TJDS supressed cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.

Key messages
Well-balanced eating habits like traditional Japanese diets is important for suppressing cancer.
317Neighbourhood built and social environmental attributes associated with frailty among mid-to-older aged Australian adults
Authors: Abe Takumi , Sugiyama Takemi , Carver Alison , Turrell Gavin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Little is known about to what extent neighbourhood built and social environmental factors are associated with frailty among community-dwelling mid-to-older aged adults.

Methods
Participants of our cross-sectional study were adults aged 50-74 years residing in Brisbane, Australia. Frailty was assessed by a frailty index (FI), consisting of 32 items. Five built environmental attributes (population density, density of 4-way intersections, area of retail land, area of park land, and area of land for recreational facilities) and three social environmental attributes (safety, cohesion, and socio-economic status [SES]) were included. We performed multilevel logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between those attributes and frailty.

Results
Of 4,176 eligible participants (56.8% women), we found that 437 (10.5%) were frail (FI ≥ 0.35). After adjusting for potential confounders, one standard deviation (SD) increment in intersection density and retail land area was associated 26% (95%CI: 1.12, 1.41) and 18% (95%CI: 1.07, 1.30) higher odds of being frail, respectively. One SD increment in safety and area-level SES was associated with 24% (95%CI: 0.69, 0.84) and 30% (95%CI: 0.62, 0.79) lower odds of being frail.

Conclusions
This study found that mid-to-older aged adults with frailty are more likely to live in areas with higher intersection density, greater area of retail land, poorer safety, and higher levels of deprivation.

Key messages
There is spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of frailty. Future research should investigate behavioural mechanism for the distribution.
1284Food insecurity and mental health features and behaviours in adults from Portugal
Authors: Aguiar Ana , Maia Isabel , Pinto Marta , Duarte Raquel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting population’s health and economies, in which food insecurity appears as important concern, particularly considering its associations with mental health and adverse behaviours. This study explored the relationship between food insecurity and mental health features and behaviours in adults from Portugal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using data from an online survey was performed, including Portugal’s residents aged ≥18 years. Data on sociodemographics, behaviours, mental health features and food security status were collected. Food security status was evaluated with the United States Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-item Short Form. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, were used to explore the relationship between food security status and categorical variables.

Results
Food insecurity prevalence was 6.8%; showed to be significantly higher among less educated individuals (≤12 years of schooling) (p&lt;0.001), those who were employed and remained since the beginning of the pandemic (p&lt;0.001) and among those reporting need to be careful about expenses (p&lt;0.001). Comparing to individuals who were food secure, food insecure participants were more likely to smoke (p=0.009), to report depressive symptoms (p&lt;0.001) and anxiety (p&lt;0.001), measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Conclusions
From the present study, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic can affect food security in different subpopulations.

Key messages
The findings of this study have several implications for health policy and reinforce the need for investment in contexts of populations vulnerable to food insecurity
707High levels of back disability,but not back pain,are associated with reduced physical activity in women
Authors: Alyousef Bothaina , Kazemi Zeinab , Cicuttini Flavia , Heritier Stephane , Wang Yuanyuan , Urquhart Donna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Although clinical guidelines recommend physical activity for low back pain (LBP), our understanding of the physical activity undertaken by people with LBP is limited. We examined the amounts, intensities and types of physical activity performed by community-based women with different levels of pain and disability.

Methods
542 women were invited to participate. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and LBP and disability were assessed using the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire. Participants were categorised into no/low or high pain intensity and disability groups.

Results
Women with high levels of back disability performed half the total physical activity of those with no/low levels of back disability (MET(hours/week): median(95%CI)=27.3(13.2-41.4) vs. 53.9(44.9-62.8),p=0.002), including less moderate (17.5(10.4-24.7) vs. 32.1(26.8-37.4),p&lt;0.001) and domestic and gardening activity (14.4(7.2- 21.7) vs. 23.5(19.0-28.0), p = 0.02). Moreover, fewer women with high disability participated in vigorous (3(8.11%) vs. 134(32.0%),OR(95%CI)=0.17(0.04-0.75),p=0.02) and leisure activities (17(45.9%) vs. 294(70.2%),OR(95% CI)=0.44(0.21-0.94),p=0.03) compared to those with no/low disability. There were no differences in physical activity between women with no/low and high pain intensity (all p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
High levels of back disability, but not back pain intensity, were associated with reduced physical activity, including less total activity, moderate and vigorous intense activity, and discretionary activity.

Key messages
These findings highlight the impact of high levels of disability on physical activity. Further work is needed to determine whether targeting these types and intensities of physical activity will help in reducing back disability.
85An Outbreak Of Foodborne Illness, Boamang-Kyerekrom D/A Primary School, Afigya Kwabre North District, Ghana
Authors: Laryea Eunice Baiden , Gyimah Charles Gyamfi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
On 6th June 2019, Afigya Kwabre North District Health Administration reported suspected foodborne illness involving primary school pupils at Boamang Kyerekrom D/A Primary School. Investigation was done to identify risk factors and implement control and preventive measures.

Methods
We conducted active case search and a retrospective cohort study. A case was a person from Boamang presenting with fever, diarrhea, or/and vomiting from 29th May to 7th June, 2019. Data was collected using questionnaires and review of health records. Environmental assessment was done. Stool sample of the last reported case and saltpeter used to prepare okro by food vendor was sent to the laboratory for investigation. All other diarrheal cases had being given antibiotics upon our arrival. Risk ratio was estimated to determine food with highest risk of causing illness.

Results
Of 312 people interviewed, 96 pupils were affected (AR = 30.8%). Common symptoms were fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pains and bloody diarrhea. There was no fatality. All cases were found to have eaten from a kenkey seller on the school premises. Risk ratio was highest (6.7) among those who took okro with the kenkey. Salmonella typhi was isolated in the stool of the last reported case. Cases were distributed across four (4) neighboring communities in Boamang.

Conclusions
Salmonella typhi was identified in the stool and the saltpeter. We recommend training of health staff on Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR).

Key messages
Foodborne illness outbreak
1269Mental health among farmers and non-farmers at sugar cane industry: occupational health study in Peru
Authors: Bazalar-Palacios Janina , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Flores Elaine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We compare the prevalence rates of common mental disorders symptoms between farmers and non-farmers workers of the sugarcane industry and explore the role of relevant occupational factors.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with an occupational health & safety focus, describing the demographic and work characteristics of farmers and non-farmer of the sugar cane industry in San Jacinto, Peru. We identified mental disorders symptoms using a local validated version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We explored the association between symptoms of mental disorders, work conditions and known occupational risk factors. We explored the proposed association using negative binomial regression models to estimate Ratio of means (RM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
We assessed 281 workers; 106 (37.7%) of respondents identified themselves as farm workers. The mean GHQ-12 score for farmers and non-farmers was 3.1 and 1.3 respectively. In the adjusted multivariate models mental disorders symptom counts among farmers was more than twice higher than those of non-farmers (RM: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48-3.01). Also, having a low monthly salary (RM: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00-1.92), and additional working hours per week (RM: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) were associated with higher counts of mental disorders symptoms.

Conclusions
Our Findings highlight the importance of including mental health within occupational programs and early interventions tailored to this target group.

Key messages
Occupational hazard; Mental disorders; Sugarcane work, Farmers.
736Low Birth weight in new born, anaemia in pregnancy in Fluoride endemic areas of Rajasthan
Authors: Bhardwaj Pankaj , Saxena Deepak , Joshi Nitin , Mantri Neha , Suthar Praveen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Rajasthan has been documenting severe anaemia in pregnancy, resulting in low birth weight. Current study was planned to explore potential linkages between exposure to fluoride, anaemia in pregnancy and low birth weight in infant.

Methods
Antenatal mothers from one fluoride endemic district (FD) and one non-fluoride endemic district (NFD) of western Rajasthan were recruited and followed up till delivery. Data included socio-demographic, lifestyle, diet, medication history. Lab Investigations included Hb, Urinary Fluoride.

Results
Out of total 1401 women, mean age of women from FD were 23.87 (+ 3.8) yrs and from NFD were 25.53(+ 3.82) yrs. Mean fluoride values in the urine samples of pregnant females were found to be 2.06 (0.0 to 14.4 mg/L) in FD and 1.43 (0.00 to 12.7 mg/L) in NFD. Mean fluoride values in water samples were 0.72 (0.0 to 3.80 mg/L) in FD and 0.21 (0.0 to 2.69 mg/L) in NFD. Mean weight of newborn from FD were 2.92 (+ 0.47) yrs and from NFD were 2.94 (+ 0.56) kg. 22% Newborn in FD and 18% in NFD had low birth weight.

Conclusions
Infants born in Fluoride endemic area have lower birth weight as compared to non-Fluoride endemic area. Antenatal women in Fluoride endemic areas are more anaemic.

Key messages
Fluoride endemicity is an important factor to be considered while addressing Anaemia in pregnancy and Low Birth Weight Babies in Western Rajasthan, India.
1056Maternal dyslipidaemia is associated with shorter gestational length in a UK cohort of 7440 pregnancies
Authors: Birchenall Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Mechanisms for human labour are unknown because of difficulties in human pregnancy experimentation, limiting our ability to prevent preterm birth. Maternal metabolism is potentially involved. This study aimed to explore associations of multiple maternal metabolic traits with gestational age at delivery (GA).

Methods
Women with singleton pregnancies recruited to the Born in Bradford cohort study were included. A total of 157 maternal blood metabolites sampled between 26-28 weeks were measured using high-throughput NMR metabolomics. Associations between each metabolite and GA was modelled using linear (GA continuous) and logistic (GA binary) regressions; adjusted for age, BMI, ethnicity, socioeconomical status, alcohol, smoking, parity, pre-existing and gestational diabetes and hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and labour onset.

Results
The complete case sample included 7440 pregnancies (12308 eligible; 4540 had missing data). 1SD increases in large and very large HDLs were associated with longer mean GAs of 0.5-1 day, including 1SD increased HDL mean diameter associated with +0.5 day mean GA (95%CI:0.2to0.8;p=9.1E-4). 1SD increases in VLDLs and LDLs were associated with shorter mean GAs of 0.5-1 day, including 1SD increase in large VLDL associated with -0.7 days difference in GA (95%CI:-1.021to-0.465;p=2.299E-07).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest for the first time that maternal dyslipidaemia is related to differences in GA even after adjusting for multiple key confounders. Further studies are needed to clarify whether lipoprotein metabolism is causally involved in human labour.

Key messages
Human labour may involve pathways related to lipoprotein metabolism.
960Dietary intakes of patients with first Acute Coronary Syndrome: the MENZACS study
Authors: Bradbury Kathryn , Choi Yeunhyang , Fyfe Christie , Poppe Katrina , Rolleston Anna , Korohina Erina , Mehta Suneela , Troughton Richard , Cameron Vicky , Porter Graeme , Kerr Andrew , Nunn Chris , Devlin Gerald , Doughty Rob , Legget Malcolm 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In New Zealand (NZ) approximately 10,000 people experience an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) annually. Little is known about the diets of people who present with first ACS.

Methods
The Multi-Ethnic NZ study of Acute Coronary Syndromes (MENZACS) is a multi-centre, longitudinal cohort study of patients with first-time ACS. At baseline, patients complete a validated short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) asking about dietary intakes in the 12 months preceding their event. Participants are followed up for rehospitalisation and mortality.

Results
Here we present the dietary intakes of the 2,015 participants enrolled into MENZACS. We excluded 90 participants who did not start the FFQ and 42 participants who had extreme energy intakes. For men (n = 1489), the median energy intake was 8637 kJ, and the median percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein, fat, and saturated fat were 40.3%, 17.9%, 34.7% and 17.8%, respectively. For women (n = 394), the median energy intake was 7499 kJ, and the median percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein, fat and saturated fat were 40.3%, 18.4%, 35.6%, and 18.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
Both men and women reported high saturated fat intakes in the year preceding their first ACS. Future work will examine dietary predictors of rehospitalisation and mortality, as well as analyse baseline blood samples for Lipoprotein(a) and lipidomics.

Key messages
Patients in hospital with first time ACS are able to complete a short food frequency questionnaire, with little missing data.
1254Comorbidity of atopic diseases and gastroesophageal reflux in adults: a co-twin control study
Authors: Brew Bronwyn , Almqvist Catarina , Lundholm Cecilia , Andreasson Anna , Lehto Kelli , Talley Nicholas , Gong Tong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common non-allergic comorbidity in adults with asthma, however comorbidity with other atopic diseases such as eczema and hayfever is unclear. The objective was to assess the comorbidity of GERD with atopic diseases in adults, and to investigate possible mechanisms including genetic and affective factors.

Methods
A co-twin control study harnessing 46 583 adult Swedish twins. Questionnaires on health status were linked to national patient and prescribed drug register data. Within twin-pair comparisons were made between unpaired, monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins to assess common genetic liability. Affective traits (depression, anxiety and neuroticism) were added to models to assess their role in comorbidity.

Results
The risk of GERD in those with asthma was OR1.52 (95% CI 1.38, 1.68); hayfever OR1.22 (95%CI 1.12, 1.34); and eczema OR1.23 (95%CI 1.10, 1.38). Within twin-pair associations attenuated in decreasing order of shared genetics for all atopic diseases e.g. self-report asthma with GERD: DZ twins adjOR1.41 (95%CI 0.96, 2.08), MZ twins adjOR1.24 (95%CI 0.82, 1.87). Adjusting for affective traits only slightly attenuated the comorbidity associations.

Conclusions
GERD is a common comorbidity in adults with asthma, hayfever and/or eczema. We found evidence for shared genetic factors but not for affective traits.

Key messages
GERD is a common comorbidity not only in adults with asthma, but also in adults with eczema or hayfever. Twin research has revealed evidence for a common genetic liability to explain comorbidity.
872Novel approach to estimating sex differences unconfounded by familial factors from studying male-female twin pairs
Authors: Calais-Ferreira Lucas , Mendonça Everton , Li Shuai , Barreto Marcos , Hickey Martha , Dite Gillian , Ferreira Paulo , Scurrah Katrina , Hopper John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Males and females differ substantially in their exposures and outcomes across the life-course. Previous research into sex differences has been limited by an inability to account for inter-individual differences in genetic factors and in their early-life environment. Studying within male-female twin pair differences offers a unique opportunity to address these weaknesses that has not yet been exploited.

Findings
We studied linked health administrative data for 28,054 newborn Brazilian male-female twin pairs. Using random-effects logistic regression, we found that males had 1.61 (95% CI: 1.38– 1.90, P&lt;0.001) times higher risk of early neonatal mortality (first 6 days of life) compared with their female co-twins, after adjusting empirically for birthweight and matching for gestational age and, by design, for unmeasured familial factors including on average 50% of genetic factors.
From analysing within-pair differences in genome-wide DNA methylation in blood samples for 55 Australian adolescent male-female twin pairs, we found that 1,227 DNA methylation sites were more methylated in females while only 157 sites were more methylated in males (P&lt;10-6). We also found weak evidence suggesting that males have older DNA-methylation-based biological age than females (P=0.2).

Conclusions/Implications
Sex differences not explained by familial confounders exist for neonatal mortality in newborns and for DNA methylation in blood during adolescence.

Key messages
Analysing the within-pair differences of male-female twin pairs brings novel and important strengths to the study of sex differences, helping mitigate bias from uncontrolled familial confounding caused by genetic and environmental factors.