bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Observations of Animal Minds
Authors: Parellada Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe relation between conceptual analysis and empirical observations when ascribing or denying concepts and beliefs to non-human animals is not straightforward. In order to reflect on this relation, I focus on two theoretical proposals (Davidson’s and Allen’s) and one empirical case (vervet monkeys’ alarm calls), the three of which are permanently discussed and considered in the literature on animal cognition. First, I review briefly Davidson’s arguments for denying thought to non-linguistic animals. Second, I review Allen’s criteria for ascribing concepts to creatures capable of correcting their discriminatory powers by taking into account their previous errors. Allen affirms that this is an empirical proposal which offers good reasons, but not necessary or sufficient conditions, for concept attribution. Against Allen, I argue that his important proposal is not an empirical, but a conceptual one. Third, I resort to vervet monkeys to show that Allen’s criteria, and not Davidson’s, are very relevant for ascribing first-order and denying second-order beliefs to this species and thus make sense of the idea of animal cognition.
Paradigmatic enhancement of stem vowels in regular English inflected verb forms
Authors: Tomaschek Fabian , Tucker Benjamin V. , Ramscar Michael , Harald Baayen R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany theories of word structure in linguistics and morphological processing in cognitive psychology are grounded in a compositional perspective on the (mental) lexicon in which complex words are built up during speech production from sublexical elements such as morphemes, stems, and exponents. When combined with the hypothesis that storage in the lexicon is restricted to the irregular, the prediction follows that properties specific to regular inflected words cannot co-determine the phonetic realization of these inflected words. This study shows that the stem vowels of regular English inflected verb forms that are more frequent in their paradigm are produced with more enhanced articulatory gestures in the midsaggital plane, challenging compositional models of lexical processing. The effect of paradigmatic probability dovetails well with theParadigmatic Enhancement Hypothesisand is consistent with a growing body of research indicating that the whole is more than its parts.
Welche Einwirkungsmöglichkeiten sehen Hausärzt*innen bei Demenzerkrankungen? – Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundObwohl es an einer heilenden Therapie für Demenzerkrankungen fehlt, bestehen im hausärztlichen Setting diverse Möglichkeiten, dem Fortschreiten eines „mild cognitive impairment“ entgegenzuwirken. Bislang sind nur wenige Studien vorgelegt worden, die der Frage nachgehen, welche therapeutischen Strategien Hausärzt*innen bevorzugt ergreifen, um auf Demenzerkrankungen einzuwirken.Ziel der ArbeitErmittelt wird, welche Interventionsansätze für das Management von Demenzpatienten als effektiv erachtet werden, sowie erlebte Herausforderungen und gewünschte Optimierungsmaßnahmen zur Stärkung der Demenzprävention.Material und MethodenZwischen März und September 2020 wurden 42 halbstandardisierte Interviews mit Hausärzt*innen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland und Thüringen geführt.ErgebnisseViele Interviewte schätzen die Bedeutung einer Demenzprävention als hoch ein und gehen davon aus, einen wirksamen Beitrag leisten zu können – nicht-medikamentösen Ansätzen wird großer Stellenwert eingeräumt. Die Lotsenfunktion des Hausarztes wird gezielt eingesetzt, um Patienten und Angehörige an Beratungs- und Hilfsakteure heranzuführen. Ein Teil des Samples sieht nur medikamentöse Therapieformen als geeignet an, um Einfluss auf Demenzerkrankungen zu nehmen. In dieser Gruppe sind geringe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen verbreitet. Als häufige Herausforderungen werden im Sample Probleme in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit artikuliert, die nicht selten einem kohärenten Therapiekonzept entgegenstehen.DiskussionHausärzt*innen sollten bestärkt werden, die Priorisierung der primären Behandlungsstrategie bei der Demenzversorgung zu übernehmen. Wichtig erscheint, dass auch die Potenziale nicht-medikamentöser Interventionen wahrgenommen werden. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hausärzt*innen und Hilfsnetzwerken sollte gestärkt werden. Zudem sollte die Entwicklung integrierter Versorgungskonzepte und strukturierter Behandlungsprogramme vorangetrieben werden.
Know your audience: how language complexity affects impact in entrepreneurship science
Authors: Lampe Hannes W. , Reerink Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the importance of tailoring publications to expectations of the intended scientific sub-community it addresses. But what does this mean when writing an article and adopting community specific jargon? This article disentangles the effects of articles’ language complexity on their impact. In the domain of entrepreneurship science, we show that language uniqueness (in form of aligning jargon uniquely to one community) has a positive effect on article’s impact. An article’s novelty (in form of novel recombination of community jargon) has an inverted U-shape relationship with impact. We further show that the optimal level of novelty decreases with increasing uniqueness, yielding higher overall impact. These findings have implications not only for authors of scientific articles but also for their audience.
Molecular genetic testing strategies used in diagnostic flow for hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes
Authors: Butz Henriett , Blair Jo , Patócs Attila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Although current guidelines prefer the use of targeted testing or small-scale gene panels for identification of genetic susceptibility of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes, next generation sequencing based strategies have been widely introduced into every day clinical practice. The application of next generation sequencing allows rapid testing of multiple genes in a cost effective manner. Increasing knowledge about these techniques and the demand from health care providers and society, shift the molecular genetic testing towards using high-throughput approaches.

Purpose
In this expert opinion, the authors consider the molecular diagnostic workflow step by step, evaluating options and challenges of gathering family information, pre- and post-test genetic counselling, technical and bioinformatical analysis related issues and difficulties in clinical interpretation focusing on molecular genetic testing of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes.

Result and conclusion
Considering all these factors, a diagnostic genetic workflow is also proposed for selection of the best approach for testing of patients with hereditary genetic tumour syndromes in order to minimalize difficult interpretation, unwanted patient anxiety, unnecessary medical interventions and cost. There are potential benefits of utilizing high throughput approaches however, important limitations have to be considered and should discussed towards the clinicians and patients.
Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/MRI in patients with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pace Leonardo , Nicolai Emanuele , Cavaliere Carlo , Basso Luca , Garbino Nunzia , Spinato Giacomo , Salvatore Marco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of combined positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters provided by simultaneous 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OHSCC).

Methods
Forty-five patients with locally advanced OHSCC who underwent simultaneous FDG PET/MRI before (chemo)radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. Peak standardized uptake value (SULpeak), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary lesion were obtained on PET data. On MRI scans, primary tumor size, diffusion and perfusion parameters were assessed using pre-contrast and high-resolution post-contrast images. Ratios between metabolic/metabolo-volumetric parameters and ADC were calculated. Comparisons between groups were performed by Student’s t test. Survival analysis was performed by univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Overall survival curves were obtained by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Survivors were censored at the time of the last clinical control. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results
During follow-up (mean 31.4 ± 21 months), there were 15 deaths. Univariate analysis shows that SULpeak and SULpeak/ADCmean were significant predictors of overall survival (OS). At multivariate analysis, only SULpeak remained a significant predictor of OS. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that patients with higher SULpeak had poorer outcome compared to those with lower values (HR: 3.7, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Pre-therapy SULpeak of the primary site was predictive of overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer treated with (chemo)radiotherapy.
Evidenzbasiertes Argumentieren bei multivariablen Kausalzusammenhängen mit Interaktionen in der fünften und sechsten Klassenstufe
Authors: Peteranderl Sonja , Edelsbrunner Peter Adriaan , Deiglmayr Anne 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Studie wird untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß Schüler*innen der 5. und 6. Klassenstufe in einem „Interaktionseffekte“-Kontext, in dem zwei unabhängige Variablen systematisch miteinander interagieren, in ihrer Argumentation vorgegebene experimentelle Evidenz nutzen. Zusätzlich wird untersucht, ob ein im „Haupteffekte“-Kontext situiertes Training der Variablenkontrollstrategie (VKS) die evidenzbasierte Argumentation in einem „Interaktionseffekte“-Kontext beeinflusst. Etwa die Hälfte einer Stichprobe von$$N=618$$N=618 Schüler*innen ($$M_{\text{alter}}=11.61$$Malter=11.61,$$\text{SD}=0.65$$SD=0.65; 50 % weiblich) erhielt ein im „Haupteffekte“-Kontext situiertes Training der VKS und die andere Hälfte ein aktives Kontrolltraining. Vor und nach dem Training bearbeiteten die Schüler*innen zwei Aufgaben in einem „Interaktionseffekte“-Kontext, in welchem sie ihre Interpretationen präsentierter Evidenz in offenen Antworten begründeten. Zur Klassifizierung des Grades an Evidenzbasierung in den Antworten der Schüler*innen wurde ein Kodiersystem mit fünf Kategorien entwickelt. Analysen der kodierten Antworten zeigen, dass im Vortest bereits etwa 20 Prozent der Schüler*innen in ihren Begründungen den Interaktionseffekt korrekt interpretierten. Der Grad an Evidenzbasierung war bei Schüler*innen der 6. Klassenstufe höher ausgeprägt als bei Schüler*innen der 5. Klassenstufe. Bei einer vorwissensnahen Aufgabe zeigten die Schüler*innen überproportional viele Antworten mit vorwissenbasierter Argumentation ohne Evidenzbezug. Eine kategorienspezifische, ordinale Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalyse zeigte, dass das Training der VKS die Häufigkeit von Begründungen erhöhte, in denen die Schüler*innen Evidenz korrekt nutzten, um Haupteffekte zu interpretieren; auf die Häufigkeit, mit der Interaktionseffekte erkannt wurden, wurde keine Auswirkung gefunden.
Scour monitoring of a bridge pier through eigenfrequencies analysis
Authors: Belmokhtar Mohamed , Schmidt Franziska , Ture Savadkoohi Alireza , Chevalier Christophe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative method for scour monitoring, based on the analysis of the dynamic response of a bridge pier embedded in the riverbed. Apart from the mechanical and physical characteristics of the pier itself, soil-structure interaction (SSI) has an impact on the dynamical behaviour of the system. This is particularly the case for eigenfrequencies of the pier which decrease when the free length increases. In this paper, analytical developments are carried out for an Euler–Bernoulli beam, modelling the pier which is embedded in the soil with Winkler springs for SSI. By using Hamilton’s principle and endowing the specific boundary conditions, the system frequencies are assessed by looking for roots of the characteristic equation of the system. These eigenfrequencies are then compared with those of an equivalent cantilevered beam, which can be expressed analytically. Moreover, experiments are carried out to validate the concept of equivalent length as a parameter of the inverse problem, linking the dynamic behaviour of the system and the embedded length.
On the variations in the frequency of 25–70-day intraseasonal oscillations in Central Africa using wavelet-based indices
Authors: Tchakoutio Sandjon Alain , Djiotang Tchotchou Angennes Lucie , Vondou Derbetini Appolinaire , Komkoua Mbienda Armand Joel , Guenang Guy Merlin , Tanessong Roméo Stève , Nzeukou Takougang Armand 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAtmospheric variability at the intraseasonal timescale remains of great concern in tropical Africa because of the vulnerability of the population to variations in the distribution and amount of rainfall within a season. Then, the parameterization of the processes that induce the intraseasonal variability of the rainfall is still a challenge for the sub-seasonal-to-seasonal forecast in the tropics. In the study of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in Central Africa, almost all of the authors focused only on the amplitude of the oscillations, even though the frequency is also very important because it also undergoes strong spatiotemporal variations. The novelty of this study is that we applied wavelet transform on the 2.5° × 2.5° daily Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR) to extract the frequency (period) of intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) and then study its spatiotemporal variations over Central Africa (CA) within the period 1981–2015 (35 years). By the algorithm used, we obtained a dataset of daily ISO Period Indices (ISOPI) within the study period, with the same dimensions as the original OLR datasets. The analyses showed that the mean ISOPI globally fluctuates between 32 and 52 days, but undergoes strong day-to-day variations. The ISO frequency is highly seasonal, with high ISOPI (low frequency) during December–February and June–August, and short low ISOPI (high frequency) during March–May and September–November. The composites of OLR and 850 hpa zonal winds revealed that the low-frequency ISOs (LFISOs) are predominant in Eastern Central Africa and around the Cameroon Volcanic Line, while the long-frequency events (HFISOs) are mostly found in Western Central Africa, especially around the Congo basin. The plots of yearly mean ISOPI showed that the ISO period exhibits strong interannual variations with years of very high ISOPI such as 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1999, 2002 and 2009, and years of lower ISOPI as 1988, 1994, 1995. Finally, it was proved in this study that there is an enhancement of rainfall during LFISOs, especially in northern hemisphere, while HFISOs are generally associated with normal or suppressed rainfall regime.
Assessment of the genetic diversity, population structure and allele distribution of major plant development genes in bread wheat cultivars using DArT and gene-specific markers
Authors: Kiss T. , Balla K. , Cseh A. , Berki Z. , Horváth Á. , Vida Gy. , Veisz O. , Karsai I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the degree of genetic diversity can provide fundamental information to breeders for use in various breeding programmes, for instance for the selection of lines with better adaptability. The genetic diversity analysis of 188 winter wheat genotypes demonstrated that this group of cultivars could be divided into four clusters based primarily on geographical origin. The first group contained mostly American and Asian cultivars, while cluster 2 consisted of Central European cultivars, cluster 3 of Hungarian and South European cultivars and cluster 4 mainly of cultivars from Western Europe. Cultivars used in breeding programmes in Central and South East European breeding programmes were found in all four clusters. Wheat genotypes originating from this region of Europe proved to have greater genetic variability than lines from Western and Northern Europe. Among the four clusters, there were also differencies in the frequencies of winter–spring alleles in Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 vernalisation response genes and in the frequencies of sensitive–insensitive alleles in Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 photoperiod response genes, which explained the differences in heading date of the four clusters as well.
Rare case of Kawasaki disease with cardiac tamponade and giant coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Vergara Andrea , Monda Emanuele , Mautone Cinzia , Renon Francesca , Di Masi Antonio , Giordano Mario , Limongelli Giuseppe , Calabrò Paolo , Capozzi Giovanbattista , Russo Maria G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKawasaki disease is an acute systemic vascular disease, generally self-limited and typically affecting children <5 years old, which leads to coronary artery aneurysms in about 25% of untreated cases. Cardiovascular involvement is characterised by transient pancarditis, in acute phase, while coronary illness, ranging from mild dilation to giant CAAs occurs late, rarely before the 10th day since fever onset. Here, we describe a peculiar case of KD, which occurred in a 4-month-old infant and presented with exudate cardiac tamponade and early giant aneurism of both the proximal right coronary artery) and the left circumflex coronary artery, in acute phase of the disease.
Turkish version of the ‘Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-51’ for obese individuals: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Küçükerdönmez Özge , Akder Rana Nagihan , Seçkiner Selda , Oksel Esra , Akpınar Şerife , Köksal Eda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives:Obesity is a serious public health issue. Investigating the eating behaviour of individuals plays an important role in preventing obesity. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to adapt the long and first version of the ‘Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire’ (TFEQ), a scale that examines the eating behaviour of individuals, to Turkish culture and to carry out its validity and reliability study.Design:The data were collected using data collection forms, and anthropometric measurements of the individuals were made by the researchers. The data collection form included several parameters: socio-demographic characteristics, the TFEQ scale, whose validity and reliability analysis is conducted here, and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) which was used as a parallel form.Setting:The Obesity Clinic at Ege University in Izmir.Participants:The study group consisted of obese adult individuals (n 257).Results:It was seen that constructing the questionnaire with twenty-seven items and four sub-dimensions provides better information about Turkish obese individuals. Factor loadings ranged from 0·421 to 0·846, and item total score correlations ranged from 0·214 to 0·558. Cronbach’s α coefficient was found to be 0·639 for the whole scale. A positive, strong and statistically significant correlation was detected between TFEQ and DEBQ, which was used as a parallel form (r = 0·519, P < 0·001).Conclusion:In Turkey, the long version of the TFEQ scale was found valid and reliable for obese adult individuals. TFEQ can be used by clinicians or researchers to study the eating behaviour of obese individuals.
Calibrating Spectral Decomposition of Local Earthquakes Using Borehole Seismic Records—Results for the 1992 Big Bear Aftershocks in Southern California
Authors: Shearer Peter M. , Abercrombie Rachel E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmpirical approaches are often used to correct earthquake spectra for path effects in order to estimate corner frequencies and stress drops, but suffer from tradeoffs among source parameters and the shape of the empirical correction or Green's function. This hampers absolute stress‐drop estimates and comparisons between different studies or regions. Borehole records are less affected by site and attenuation effects than surface seismometers and thus provide more direct constraints on source spectra. We analyze 1,787 earthquakes of the 1992 to 1993 Big Bear aftershock sequence in southern California, which were recorded by both the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) and the Cajon Pass borehole seismometer at 2.5‐km depth. Spectral decomposition of P‐waves recorded by the SCSN yields source terms that can be fit equally well by a variety of models, owing to tradeoffs between the model parameters and the empirical correction term. Earthquake spectra recorded by the Cajon Pass borehole are consistent with a P‐wave Q of about 1,000. For 25 Big Bear earthquakes in common, we find the correction spectrum that brings the event terms from spectral decomposition and the Q‐corrected borehole spectra into best‐fitting agreement. This provides absolute calibration for the SCSN spectral decomposition results, which can then be used to process all the Big Bear earthquakes and estimate earthquake source properties without the parameter tradeoffs normally associated with the EGF approach. Our results highlight the limits of purely empirical approaches to spectral analysis for earthquake source properties and the importance of determining crustal attenuation models.
Roles of ENSO in the Link of the East Asian Summer Monsoon to the Ensuing Winter Monsoon
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Chen Wen , Feng Juan , Hu Kaiming , Song Lei , Hu Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe link between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the ensuing East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is investigated. The results found that strong (weak) EASM years are often followed by the strong (weak) EAWM years, demonstrating that the in‐phase EASM to EAWM transition dominate the EASM‐EAWM link. The strong EASM to the strong EAWM transition is established by an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC) in summer and an anomalous cyclone (WNPC) in winter. The weak EASM to the weak EAWM transition is connected by the same way but with the WNPC in summer and the WNPAC in winter. Further studies suggest that ENSO plays a crucial role in the in‐phase EASM to EAWM transition, which forces the transition between the WNPC and WNPAC from summer to winter via inducing Rossby wave responses to the ENSO‐induced convection anomalies. Numerical simulation analysis further confirms the dominant role of ENSO in the in‐phase EASM to EAWM transitions. The asymmetric analysis suggests that the in‐phase EASM to EAWM transition is stronger under El Niño than under La Niña.