bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social ecology of sexual victimization against transgender women who are incarcerated: A call for (more) research on modalities of housing and prison violence
Authors: Jenness Valerie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPresident Biden has called for reform of the criminal justice system to ensure fair treatment of people who are transgender who come into contact with the criminal justice system. He has done so in a context in which criminologists, public health researchers, and others, including journalists and advocates, have produced a growing body of research that documents the over criminalization and differential incarceration of people who are transgender as well as the high rates of victimization of transgender women who are incarcerated. Accordingly, this article describes a growing literature on the sexual victimization experienced by transgender women who are incarcerated; focuses analytic attention on the housing contexts in which this kind of discriminatory gendered violence emerges and takes shape; points to some emergent policy responses related to these concerns; and calls for original research that, if conducted, could advance the criminological literature in meaningful ways and set the stage for evidence‐based prison policy and practice related to what is now predictably high rates of violence against transgender women who are incarcerated.
A survey of anxiety and burnout in the radiology workforce of a tertiary hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Hian Liang , Chen Robert Chun , Teo Irene , Chaudhry Isha , Heng Ai Ling , Zhuang Kun Da , Tan Hiang Khoon , Tan Bien Soo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to study anxiety and burnout among Division of Radiological Sciences (RADSC) staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic and identify potential risk and protective factors. These outcomes were compared with non‐RADSC staff.MethodsA cross‐sectional online study was conducted between 12 March and 20 July 2020 in the largest public tertiary hospital receiving COVID‐19 cases. Burnout and anxiety were assessed with the Physician Work‐Life Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 Scale, respectively. Workplace factors were examined as potential risk and protective factors using multivariable ordinary least squares regression analyses, adjusting for pertinent demographic characteristics.ResultsRADSC staff (n = 180) and non‐RADSC staff (n = 1458) demonstrated moderate‐to‐severe anxiety rates of 6.7 and 13.2 % and burnout rates of 17.8 and 23.9 %, respectively. RADSC staff reported significantly lower anxiety (mean ± SD: 4.0 ± 3.7 vs 4.9 ± 4.5; P‐value < 0.05), burnout (mean ± SD: 1.9 ± 0.7 vs 2.1 ± 0.8; P‐value < 0.01), increased teamwork (82.2% vs 74.1%; P‐value < 0.05) and fewer night shifts (36.7% vs 41.1%; P‐value < 0.01). Among RADSC staff, higher job dedication was associated with lower anxiety (b (95% CI) = −0.28 (−0.45, −0.11)) and burnout (b (95% CI) = −0.07 (−0.11,‐0.04)), while longer than usual working hours was associated with increased anxiety (b (95% CI) = 1.42 (0.36, 2.45)) and burnout (b (95% CI) = 0.28 (0.09, 0.48)).ConclusionsA proportion of RADSC staff reported significant burnout and anxiety, although less compared to the larger hospital cohort. Measures to prevent longer than usual work hours and increase feelings of enthusiasm and pride in one’s job may further reduce the prevalence of anxiety problems and burnout in radiology departments.
Second‐line therapy with first‐ or second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer patients with T790M‐negative or unidentified mutation
Authors: Nishimura Tadashi , Okano Tomohito , Naito Masahiro , Iwanaka Soichi , Ohiwa Ayaka , Sakakura Yasumasa , Yasuma Taro , Fujimoto Hajime , D'Alessandro‐Gabazza Corina N. , Oomoto Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Tetsu , Gabazza Esteban C. , Ibata Hidenori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundT790M mutation causes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in approximately 49% of patients with epidermal growth receptor‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The cause of resistance in the remaining half of the cases is a minor mutation or unknown. Here, we conducted a retrospective study of epidermal growth receptor‐mutant NSCLC patients with T790M‐negative or an unidentified mutation to appraise the therapeutic response to first‐ or second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a second‐line treatment.MethodsThe study included 39 patients treated in our institution from April 2012 through March 2020 with second‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors or chemotherapy after completing a first‐line therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.ResultsThe patients were allocated to two groups: chemotherapy (n = 28) and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n = 11) groups. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.4 months in the chemotherapy group and 3.4 months in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor group (p‐value = 0.36), while the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months in the chemotherapy group and 12.8 months in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor group (p‐ value = 0.20). This study showed no significant difference in PFS and OS between the chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor groups.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that first‐ and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not recommended for second‐line treatment in epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated NSCLC patients with T790M‐negative mutation who have received tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first‐line treatment.
Impact of reirradiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy on survival of patients with recurrent lung cancer: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Grambozov Brane , Wass Romana , Stana Markus , Gerum Sabine , Karner Josef , Fastner Gerd , Studnicka Michael , Sedlmayer Felix , Zehentmayr Franz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGiven the limited curative treatment options for recurrent lung cancer patients, the aim of our retrospective study was to investigate whether these patients would benefit in terms of overall survival (OS) by adding immunotherapy to high‐dose reirradiation.Materials and methodsBetween 2013 and 2019, 47 consecutive patients with in‐field tumor recurrence underwent high‐dose thoracic reirradiation at our institute. Twenty patients (43%) received high‐dose reirradiation only, while 27/47 (57%) additionally had systemic therapy (immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy). With the exception of one patent, the interval between first and second radiation was at least 9 months. All patients had an Eastern cooperative oncology group ≤2. The diagnostic work‐up included a mandatory fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scan and histological verification. The primary endpoint was OS after completion of the second course of irradiation.ResultsIn the whole cohort of 47 patients, the median overall survival (mOS) after reirradiation was 18.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.5–21.3 months), while in the subgroup of 27 patients who received additional systemic treatment after reirradiation, mOS amounted to 21.8 months (95% CI 17.8–25.8 months). Within this group the comparison between reirradiation combined with either immunotherapy (n = 21) or chemotherapy (n = 6) revealed a difference in OS, which was in favor of the first (log‐rank p value = 0.063). Three patients (11%) experienced acute side effects and one (4%) showed a late hemorrhage grade 3.ConclusionPatients who received immunotherapy and reirradiation lived longer than those who did not receive immunotherapy.
Multiple analyses redirect management and restoration priorities for a critically endangered ecological community
Authors: Tierney David A. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Allen Stuart , Auld Tony D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurately assessing community diversity patterns across distributional ranges is critically important for informed and effective management of ecological communities. Yet, for many wide‐ranging communities diversity patterns across broad ranges are poorly known. We apply a range of analytical approaches to an extensively studied ecological community to determine the relative utility and complementarity of these analytical approaches and their applicability for improved management. White Box Yellow Box Blakely’s Red Gum Woodland (herein abbreviated to BGW) occurs across seven bioregions in New South Wales, eastern Australia. Previous work has suggested either small levels of regional variation in floristic patterns or, contrastingly, up to ~80 variants determined by expert‐driven assessment. We undertook floristic survey and analysed floristic patterns using multivariate dispersion, diversity metrics (alpha (α) diversity, beta (β) diversity, gamma (γ) diversity and zeta (ζ) diversity; including assessments of β turnover and nestedness and higher order ζ diversity). Expert‐derived BGW variants were not clearly related to patterns of floristic variation. In this study, multivariate interactions were critical to identifying patterns of floristic variation. ζ diversity provided insights into bioregional variation not detected via other analytics and was more robust to unbalanced data than β diversity. However, β diversity provided important insights, detecting changing community patterns within a bioregion that would otherwise not be detected and allowing for some comparison of our results with other studies. This study highlights the value of applying multiple analytical approaches to the understanding of floristic patterns. Conservation of floristic diversity in BGW requires protection and management across its range, something which has not previously been adequately addressed.
Driving CAR T cells towards dermatologic oncology
Authors: Uslu Ugur 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWhereas approximately half of metastatic melanoma patients benefit from combined immune checkpoint inhibition targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), for those who do not respond, further strategies and treatment options need to be developed. Thus, focus is turning to the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a novel therapy that has not yet achieved a major breakthrough in solid tumors despite the impressive response rates reported for their use in hematologic malignancies. In melanoma and other solid tumor entities, different problems still need to be addressed to improve this therapy, with mechanisms to counteract tumor escape being one of them. In this context, we could show the feasibility of combining two different transfection methods – lentiviral transduction and RNA‐electroporation – for equipping the same T lymphocyte with two different tumor antigen‐specific receptors. While further analysis is required to transfer this novel strategy from bench to bedside, appropriate target antigens that avoid on‐target/off‐tumor toxicities and additional optimization to increase CAR T cell power are also needed to maximize their potential use in dermatologic oncology.
The relationship between hydroregime and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) redd construction in the Smith River, Oregon
Authors: Butler Mackenzie B. , Flitcroft Rebecca L. , Giannico Guillermo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adult salmonid migration to natal habitats and spawning are affected both by physiological factors and environmental conditions. While research has focused on physiological thresholds that influence the initiation of migration, few studies have investigated the relationship between both hydrological and thermal conditions and salmon spawning throughout the course of the reproductive period. We examined whether Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returning to three tributaries of the Smith River watershed (in the central Oregon Coast Range) responded to the stream hydroregime throughout their spawning period. Generalised linear mixed models were constructed to evaluate relationships between various stream discharge metrics, water temperature and redd count data collected between 2010 and 2016. Across the three sub‐basins we analysed, discharge and temperature metrics were important in explaining redd construction timing. However, the same parameters were not consistently important for every sub‐basin. Water temperature was important in explaining redd construction in the largest sub‐basin, North Sister Creek, and discharge metrics were consistently important in Beaver Creek, the smallest sub‐basin. At the sub‐basin scale, peak redd construction by coho salmon starts after increase in discharge (25th percentile) occurs but before the highest discharge events take place. However, synchrony among sub‐basins was evident in delayed redd construction during 2013 when the autumn rains were delayed. Understanding relationships between the timing of redd construction and characteristics of the hydrological regime are critical to analysis of potential future climate impacts on all life stages of Oregon Coastal coho salmon.
Low prevalence of antiannexin A5 antibodies in unprovoked venous thrombosis
Authors: Ho Wai Khoon , Rigano Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity, and the detection in the blood of at least one of three antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, or anticardiolipin or anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies). Diagnosing APS is important so that secondary prophylaxis may be administered to reduce risk of recurrent thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. In addition to APS‐defining antibodies, there may be additional autoantibodies that have a role in thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. Furthermore, some patients have clinical manifestations highly suggestive of APS but are persistently negative for the APS‐defining antibodies (“seronegative APS”) and instead, have other autoantibodies. Antiannexin A5 (aANXA5) autoantibodies have been associated with increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity; levels are also reportedly higher in patients with venous thrombosis compared with healthy controls. The prevalence of aANXA5 among patients with unprovoked venous thrombosis is not well‐documented and determination of the frequency of aANXA5 is the objective of this study.MethodsWe analysed sera from 148 patients with unprovoked venous thrombosis who had undergone routine laboratory testing for the present APS‐defining antibodies.ResultsaANXA5 IgG and IgM were present in 6% and 1%, respectively.ConclusionPrevalence of these antibodies in unprovoked venous thrombosis is comparable with frequencies reported in healthy individuals and is far lower than the prevalence in women with pregnancy morbidity. This may indicate lack of association with venous thrombosis, however, adequately powered case‐control studies will be required to resolve this and prevalence data from this study will assist in the design of such studies.
The COVID‐19 epidemic in Madagascar: clinical description and laboratory results of the first wave, march‐september 2020
Authors: Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa , Andriamandimby Soa‐Fy , Rakotondramanga Jean Marius , Razanajatovo Norosoa Harline , Mangahasimbola Reziky Tiandraza , Randriambolamanantsoa Tsiry Hasina , Ranaivoson Hafaliana Christian , Rabemananjara Harinirina Aina , Razanajatovo Iony , Razafindratsimandresy Richter , Rabarison Joelinotahiana Hasina , Brook Cara E. , Rakotomanana Fanjasoa , Rabetombosoa Roger Mario , Razafimanjato Helisoa , Ahyong Vida , Raharinosy Vololoniaina , Raharimanga Vaomalala , Raharinantoanina Sandratana Jonhson , Randrianarisoa Mirella Malala , Bernardson Barivola , Randrianasolo Laurence , Randriamampionona Léa Bricette Nirina , Tato Cristina M. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Dussart Philippe , Vololoniaina Manuela Christophère , Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina Mamy , Randriamanantany Zely Arivelo , Heraud Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the first detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in passengers arriving from Europe on 19 March 2020, Madagascar took several mitigation measures to limit the spread of the virus in the country.MethodsNasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs were collected from travellers to Madagascar, suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 cases and contact of confirmed cases. Swabs were tested at the national reference laboratory using real‐time RT‐PCR. Data collected from patients were entered in an electronic database for subsequent statistical analysis. All distribution of laboratory‐confirmed cases were mapped, and six genomes of viruses were fully sequenced.ResultsOverall, 26,415 individuals were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 between 18 March and 18 September 2020, of whom 21.0% (5,553/26,145) returned positive. Among laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2–positive patients, the median age was 39 years (IQR: 28‐52), and 56.6% (3,311/5,553) were asymptomatic at the time of sampling. The probability of testing positive increased with age with the highest adjusted odds ratio of 2.2 [95% CI: 1.9‐2.5] for individuals aged 49 years and more. Viral strains sequenced belong to clades 19A, 20A and 20B indicative of several independent introduction of viruses.ConclusionsOur study describes the first wave of the COVID‐19 in Madagascar. Despite early strategies in place Madagascar could not avoid the introduction and spread of the virus. More studies are needed to estimate the true burden of disease and make public health recommendations for a better preparation to another wave.
Are tree plantations promoting homogenization of mammal assemblages between regions with contrasting environments?
Authors: Iezzi María Eugenia , De Angelo Carlos , Cruz Paula , Varela Diego , Di Bitetti Mario S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe expansion of agriculture is promoting the loss of natural environments and their biotic homogenization. We aimed at understanding whether the replacement of forests and grasslands by tree plantations leads to biotic homogenization of mammal assemblages of two contrasting Neotropical ecoregions or if dispersal or environmental limitations keep their original assemblages clearly differentiated.LocationArgentina, Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest, Southern Cone Mesopotamian Savannas and Iberá marshes.TaxonMammals.MethodsWe conducted two camera‐trap surveys, deploying 184 camera‐trap stations in continuous forest, fragmented forest and pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest, and 234 in grassland, fragmented forest and pine plantations in the Mesopotamian Savannas. We evaluated the similarity of the assemblages among the environments and regions, generating all possible pairwise comparisons using three similarity indices: Sørensen (species identity), Horn (common species) and Morisita‐Horn (dominant species). Using variation partitioning diagrams and redundancy analysis, we evaluated the spatial structure of mammal assemblages and the influence of environmental variables.ResultsThere was a greater similarity in species identity between different environments within each region than between similar environments in different regions. Common and dominant mammal assemblages of tree plantations tended to be similar between regions and were different from assemblages of the natural environments within the same region. Fragmented forest assemblages were very similar among regions. Assemblages were spatially structured but most of the variation between regions was explained by the environmental variables.Main conclusionsEach region has a distinct pool of species, which is partially explained by environmental factors, such as the differential representation of native environments in the landscape. However, an expansion of tree plantations and forest fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest could lead to biotic homogenization between regions due to an increase in the abundance of generalist species.
Relationship of an adherence score with blood pressure control status among patients with hypertension and their determinants: Findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening program
Authors: Chia Yook Chin , Devaraj Navin Kumar , Ching Siew Mooi , Ooi Pei Boon , Chew Ming Tsuey , Chew Bee Nah , Mohamed Mohazmi , Lim Hooi Min , Beh Hooi Chin , Othman Azli Shahril , Husin Hanis Saadah , Mohamad Gani Abdul Hafiz , Hamid Dalyana , Kang Pei San , Tay Chai Li , Wong Ping Foo , Hassan Haslinda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship of adherence with blood pressure (BP) control and its associated factors in hypertensive patients. This cross‐sectional nationwide BP screening study was conducted in Malaysia from May to October 2018. Participants with self‐declared hypertension completed the Hill‐Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (Hill‐Bone CHBPTS) which assesses three important domains of patient behavior to hypertension management namely medication taking, appointment keeping and reduced salt intake. Lower scores indicate better compliance while higher scores indicate otherwise. Participant's body mass index and seated BP were measured based on standard measurement protocol. Determinants of adherence to treatment were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Out of 5167 screened subjects, 1705 were known hypertensives. Of these, 927 (54.4%) answered the Hill‐Bone CHBPTS and were entered into analysis. The mean age was 59.0 ± 13.2 years, 55.6% were female and 42.2% were Malays. The mean Hill‐Bone CHBPTS score was 20.4 ± 4.4 (range 14‐47), and 52.1% had good adherence. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP were 136.4 ± 17.9 and 80.6 ± 11.6 mmHg, respectively. BP was controlled in 58.3% of those with good adherence compared to 50.2% in those with poor adherence (p = .014). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, female gender (β = −0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.30, −0.15, p = .014), older age (β = −0.05, 95% CI −0.07, −0.03, p < .001), and individuals with primary or lower educational level (β = −0.91, 95% CI −1.59, −0.23, p = .009) had better adherence to BP management. Interventional programs targeted at the less adherent groups are needed in order to improve their adherence and BP control.
Decision‐making capacity assessment education
Authors: Charles Lesley , Brémault‐Phillips Suzette , Pike Ashley , Vokey Camelia , Kilkenny Tara , Johnson Melissa , Tian Peter G. J. , Babenko Oksana , Dobbs Bonnie , Parmar Jasneet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAs the elderly population and associated number of persons with dementia increase, so does the need for decision‐making capacity assessments (DMCAs). Many healthcare professionals (HCPs), however, do not feel prepared to conduct DMCAs. We have provided 4‐h DMCA workshops to HCPs since 2006 and offered physicians either a 3‐h or 2‐day DMCA workshop from 2013 to present. We evaluated the effectiveness of the workshops on self‐reported key concepts of capacity.DesignPre‐/post‐test design.SettingDMCA workshops for physicians across Canada and HCPs within Alberta.ParticipantsTwo hundred and eighty‐one physicians and 835 HCPs.MeasurementsPre‐/post‐workshop ratings on level of comfort with and understanding of 15 core DMCA concepts using 4‐point Likert‐type items.ResultsFor the DMCA workshops among physicians, ten 3‐h workshops were held in 2014–2015 with 166 participants and seven 2‐day workshops, between 2014 and 2018, with 115 participants. With respect to the self‐report on core DMCA concepts, at least 62.7% (range: 62.7%–89.6%) of physician participants had higher post‐workshop ratings (sign test; p < 0.001) than pre‐workshop ratings for all core DMCA concepts. For the DMCA workshops among HCPs, 4‐h workshops were delivered to 835 HCP participants from 2008 to 2012. At least 49.6% of participants (range: 49.6%–78.9%) had increased post‐workshop ratings (sign test; p < 0.001) for all level of comfort items with and understanding of core DMCA concepts.ConclusionThere is a need for DMCA training for physicians and HCPs. The content and method of the workshops are effective at enhancing self‐reported level of comfort with and understanding of core DMCA concepts.