bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Growth in Pediatric Syrian Refugee Populations in Jordan
Authors: Vakos Amanda , Khalil Nadia , Kumar Ambuj , Menezes Lynette , Ahson Minal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Externally displaced pediatric Syrian refugees are at risk of adverse developmental health outcomes in the setting of food insecurity. To evaluate the impact of displacement on nutritional status of Syrian children, this study describes the prevalence of malnutrition of Syrian children residing in Jordan.
Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from patient records < 18 years of age from the Syrian American Medical Society's (SAMS) January 2019 mission trip to Jordan was performed. Prevalence of stunting, severe wasting, wasting, overweight, and underweight were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions.
Results Overall, 392 Syrian children were included. In the 0 to 59 months group (n = 191), prevalence of stunting was 13.9% (n = 165), severe wasting 4.2% (n = 165), wasting 6% (n = 165), overweight 16.4% (n = 165), and underweight 5.3% (n = 190). In the > 59 months group (n = 201), prevalence of stunting was 7.2% (n = 194), severe wasting 3.6% (n = 194), wasting 5.2% (n = 194), overweight 6.7% (n = 194), and underweight 4.6% (n = 153). Age group was significantly associated with stunting (odds ratio [OR]  = 2.08,9 5% CI 1.03 to 4.19) and overweight (OR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.36 to 5.47) with increased odds of each in the 0–59 months group.
Conclusion The findings suggest evidence of higher prevalence of malnutrition in Syrian children compared with prior assessments and greater impact on the younger cohort. In 0 to 59 months' old Syrian children, stunting and wasting were of medium severity and overweight was of high severity. This may reflect food insecurity in the setting of ongoing conflict, strain on resources, and evolving refugee policies, acknowledging study limitations. Syrian refugee children living in Jordan experience wasting and stunting. Comprehensive assessment of current nutritional status of Syrian children is needed. Access to adequate and nutritious food is paramount.
Dark Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: MRI Appearance and Clinical Significance
Authors: Knoth John Christopher , Long Jeremiah R. , Stensby James Derek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly investigations into the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of articular cartilage imaging relied on assessment of the morphology, with subsequent investigators reporting identifying increased T2 signal intensity, bright signal, in degenerated cartilage. The cartilage “black line sign” is a finding that has recently been described in the radiology literature to characterize cartilage pathology. This sign refers to a focal linear hypointense signal within articular cartilage that is oriented perpendicular to the subchondral bone on T2-weighted MRI. The diagnostic significance and clinical relevance of this sign is debated. Since its first description, several papers have further delineated the etiology, prevalence, and clinical relevance of these and other dark cartilage abnormalities. The intent of this article is to summarize these findings, with hopes of bringing to light the importance of dark cartilage lesions and their clinical implication in the world of knee surgery. We will briefly discuss the most probable etiologies of dark cartilage abnormalities and the major factors determining the unique signal intensity. The described anatomical patterns of this finding, the clinical importance, potential mimics, and current treatment recommendations will be reviewed.
What is evidence as evidence is used? A case of dualism?
Authors: Fletcher Andrew Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow ‘evidence’ is conceptualised, generated and deployed in meso-level policy implementation on the ground is critical to health delivery. Using the case of a large-scale health service reconfiguration in northwest England, this study began as a narrative investigation into how different data types and sources are prioritised as NHS administrative structures change over time. During the research, one unpopular reconfiguration decision, the downgrading of a hospital, was challenged using judicial review. Suddenly, a key decision was being based not upon ‘facts and data’ type evidence but upon evidence of adherence to administrative procedure. This transferred focus away from the ever-shifting categories and hierarchies of data ‘types’ towards an emphasis on process. By comparing two deliberative contexts—committee and judicial review—this article proposes that evidence can be understood as simultaneously entity and process. As health service reconfigurations continue in response to austerity, integration agendas, evolving organisational landscapes, and demographic and political change, it is increasingly important to recognise the different meanings and uses of evidence.
Processing clitic pronouns outside coargumenthood
Authors: Brunetto Valentina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Online adult processing of English pronouns is subject to early structural constraints. However, if a sentence fails to provide a licit antecedent for a pronoun, ungrammatical antecedents may be fleetingly considered, causing processing disruption. This paper investigates whether illicit antecedents exert any interference in the processing of clitic pronouns. Given an established asymmetry between simple and Exceptional Case Marking predicates in the acquisition of binding Principle B (Baauw & Cuetos 2003), this study asks whether the notion of coargumenthood plays a role during the online processing of clitic pronouns by Italian-speaking adults. I report experimental evidence from a self-paced reading study suggesting that the time course of pronoun resolution is affected by coargumenthood. In Exceptional Case Marking predicates, comprehenders appear to temporarily consider a feature-matching local antecedent as soon as the clitic trace is processed in its thematic position.
The varieties of temporal anaphora and temporal coincidence
Authors: Demirdache Hamida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the temporal construals of perfective vs. imperfective aspect in Sequence of Tense contexts in Spanish and French, in particular, under ellipsis. The distribution of past-shifted vs. simultaneous, as well as sloppy vs. strict, temporal construals is taken to support extending to viewpoint aspect a referential approach to tense, as Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2014) contend. I derive the distribution of simultaneous vs. past-shifted readings by extending their analysis of imperfective vs. perfective to embedded contexts. The intricate distribution of strict vs. sloppy (simultaneous, as well as past-shifted) readings is explained by extending the LF-parallelism constraint on ellipsis (Fox 2000) – specifically, the assumption that structural parallelism yields sloppy readings, while referential parallelism yields strict readings – to temporal anaphora under ellipsis.
The structure and interpretation of ‘non-matching’ split interrogatives in Spanish
Authors: Fernández-Soriano Olga 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to analyze the properties of (a special type of) ‘split interrogative’ (SI) constructions in Spanish. SIs are wh-questions followed by a phrase that constitutes a possible answer, the ‘tag’. The overall structure is interpreted as a yes/no question (as in what did John bring, a book?). In standard cases, the tag matches the (case and thematic) features of the wh-element. Nevertheless, in (spoken Peninsular) Spanish what I will call ‘Non-matching Split Interrogatives’ (NMSI) are also possible. In these cases, the wh-element and the XP in the tag may not match; instead, it is the dummy (neuter) qué “what” that heads the wh-clause. I investigate these cases and propose a (biclausal) analysis involving an ellipsis process similar to the one taking place in fragments (Merchant 2004). To support this hypothesis, I focus on a the fact that: in NMSI there is a form-meaning mismatch that, to my knowledge, has gone unnoticed both in theoretical and descriptive studies.
Craindre (“fear”) and expletive negation in diachrony
Authors: Tahar Chloé 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the distribution of expletive negation in the complement clause of craindre (“fear”) in French. Building on Anand & Hacquard’s (2013) proposal that fear verbs are hybrid attitude verbs, featuring both a doxastic and a (dis)preferential component, this paper argues that these two components are conveyed by different layers of meaning (in line with Giannakidou & Mari (2020)). More precisely, I argue that, in actual discourse context, craindre may receive two main interpretations: a volitive (dispreference-related) or a psychological (belief-related) interpretation, depending on whether the verb asserts or presupposes dispreference. Based on a diachronic corpus study of the distribution of expletive negation, I show that expletive negation, in the earliest stages of French, places semantic restrictions on the main verb, which are met when the interpretation of craindre is volitive.
Fission in Romance demonstrative-reinforcer constructions
Authors: Terenghi Silvia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to Romance demonstrative-reinforcer constructions. The account is based on a binary valued feature system for deictic person and is embedded in the Distributed Morphology framework. Looking at data from Romance varieties, some (implicit) shortcomings of previous accounts are repaired via a morphological operation: Fission. Specifically, those accounts do not provide formal means to make sense of the deictic compatibility constraint between the demonstrative and its reinforcer, nor do they discuss categorisation issues relative to reinforcers. Via Fission, instead, a featural reason is given to ensure deictic compatibility, and I put forward a new approach to the category of reinforcers, aiming to overcome their problematic categorisation as DP-internal adverbs.
Into-causatives in World Englishes
Authors: Brunner Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper analyses the frequency and use of the relatively rare, yet highly productive
into-causative construction in twenty varieties of English on the basis of the 1.9-billion word Corpus of
Web-based Global English (GloWbE; Davies 2013)1 and Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model. It hypothesises
differences in frequency, variation in the preference for particularly frequent fillers as well as productivity differences in
line with Schneider’s stages of linguistic evolution. However, it shows that only frequency differences reflect the Dynamic Model;
with regard to the preference for frequent realisations and productivity, postcolonial varieties turn out to be very similar to
British English. These results come as a surprise against the background of similar studies of the
way-construction, where all of these effects have been documented convincingly. It is argued that the properties
of into-causatives themselves (e.g. their idiomatic and semantic simplicity) might contribute to their more
native-like usage patterns in postcolonial varieties of English.
A View from the Heart of Europe
Authors: Mariani Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There are at least three ways of understanding “criticism”: 1) as literary scholarship; 2) as teaching; 3) as a way of engaging the general reading public regarding the significance of literary and cultural matters. Every country has developed its own traditions in each of these three areas. This brief essay focuses on the Italian case, arguing that teachers of American literature need to make the most of their role as cultural mediators and translators, as in the formative years of Italian American Studies. The influence of the corporate model on the Italian public university, along with other factors, has made relations between literary scholars’ and the nonacademic public sphere tenuous. Unless the democratic political ethos that presided over the birth of the discipline is rediscovered, the future for Italian “American literary criticism”—in all the three articulations mentioned above—will be rather bleak.
Recent divergence in functional traits affects rates of speciation in the Neotropical Velloziaceae (Pandanales)
Authors: De Freitas Larocca Paula , Saldanha Mancio Jessica , Padilha Patricia , Mello-Silva Renato , Alcantara Suzana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe resurrection plant family Velloziaceae are an iconic element in the Brazilian campos rupestres, where Barbacenia and Vellozia have undergone episodes of explosive species accumulation. Here we focus on the patterns of evolution of growth forms, dry-season physiological strategies and morphofunctional divergence to untangle these radiations. The timings of marked ‘disparification’ (evolution of trait disparity throughout a clade) in both genera were uncoupled from the shifts towards increased diversification rates, with the former accumulating during the Plio-Pleistocene (&lt; 5 Mya). Except for growth forms in Vellozia, the traits analysed display convergent evolution in both genera. Morphofunctional diversity is lower in Barbacenia than in Vellozia, reflecting a young radiation occurring mostly in the southern Espinhaço Province. Growth-form divergence in Vellozia coincided with the Oligocene/Miocene burst in diversification, followed by a slowdown in rate. Moreover, the recent morphofunctional disparification indicates pulses of trait divergence within a mature radiation. Both growth form and divergence in functional traits affect diversification rates in the genera, with the growth forms displaying fastest diversification usually associated with mountain radiations.
The Twisted Satake Transform and the Casselman–Shalika Formula for Quasi-Split Groups
Authors: Gurevich Nadya , Karasiewicz Edmund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We prove the Casselman–Shalika formula for unramified groups over a non-archimedean local field by studying the action of the spherical Hecke algebra on the space of compact spherical Whittaker functions via the twisted Satake transform. This method provides a conceptual explanation of the appearance of characters of a dual group in the Casselman–Shalika formula.
The prevalence of personality disorder in mental state disorder
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Austin Sara , Foulds James 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
This review examines the prevalence of personality disorder in those with mental state disorder. Some challenges disentangling these psychopathologies are delineated and advances in understanding broadly are reviewed.

Recent findings
Recent taxonomic changes to a dimensionally based classification system in the ICD-11 and DSM of mental disorders-V's alternative model of personality disorder include requiring cut offs to examine clinical outcomes akin to those in hypertension. These new criteria affect personality disorder prevalence where it is comorbid with mental state disorder, although more robust the dimensional approach complicates understanding both theoretically and practically. Such issues include: deciding the cut off for ‘pathology’, understanding if psychopathology is related to mental state disorder, personality disorder or both, and consideration of the clinical value of comorbidity.

Summary
There is overlap between personality pathology and all types of mental state disorder. However, the shift to a dimensional framework of personality pathology means new methods to define and measure this comorbidity are needed. Dimensional conceptualisation of personality pathology challenges the underlying ontology of comorbidity in this area.
Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing-based subtyping methods for the surveillance of Shigella spp. and the confounding effect of mobile genetic elements in long-term outbreaks
Authors: Bernaquez Isabelle , Gaudreau Christiane , Pilon Pierre A. , Bekal Sadjia 
Published: November 2021

Many public health laboratories across the world have implemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the surveillance and outbreak detection of foodborne pathogens. PulseNet-affiliated laboratories have determined that most single-strain foodborne outbreaks are contained within 0–10 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based allele differences and/or core genome single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). In addition to being a food- and travel-associated outbreak pathogen, most

Shigella

spp. cases occur through continuous person-to-person transmission, predominantly involving men who have sex with men (MSM), leading to long-term and recurrent outbreaks. Continuous transmission patterns coupled to genetic evolution under antibiotic treatment pressure require an assessment of existing WGS-based subtyping methods and interpretation criteria for cluster inclusion/exclusion. An evaluation of 4 WGS-based subtyping methods [SNVPhyl, coreMLST, core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole-genome MLST (wgMLST)] was performed on 9 foodborne-, travel- and MSM-related retrospective outbreaks from a collection of 91

Shigella flexneri

and 232

Shigella sonnei

isolates to determine the methods’ epidemiological concordance, discriminatory power, robustness and ability to generate stable interpretation criteria. The discriminatory powers were ranked as follows: coreMLST<SNVPhyl<cgMLST<wgMLST (range: 0.970–1.000). The genetic differences observed for non-MSM-related

Shigella

spp. outbreaks respect the standard 0–10 allele/SNV guideline; however, mobile genetic element (MGE)-encoded loci caused inflated genetic variation and discrepant phylogenies for prolonged MSM-related

S. sonnei

outbreaks via wgMLST. The

S. sonnei

correlation coefficients of wgMLST were also the lowest at 0.680, 0.703 and 0.712 for SNVPhyl, coreMLST and cgMLST, respectively. Plasmid maintenance, mobilization and conjugation-associated genes were found to be the main source of genetic distance inflation in addition to prophage-related genes. Duplicated alleles arising from the repeated nature of IS elements were also responsible for many false cg/wgMLST differences. The coreMLST approach was shown to be the most robust, followed by SNVPhyl and wgMLST for inter-laboratory comparability. Our results highlight the need for validating species-specific subtyping methods based on microbial genome plasticity and outbreak dynamics in addition to the importance of filtering confounding MGEs for cluster detection.
Cell cycle difference creates cortical tension difference that separates germ layer fates
Authors: Takatori Naohito , Tachiki Yuuya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe segregation of germ layer fates is a fundamental step for embryogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In ascidians, mRNA localization coupled to nuclear migration and subsequent asymmetrical partitioning of the mRNA separates mesodermal and endodermal fates. The lack of quantitative characterization of nuclear and mRNA localization has hindered our understanding of the molecular basis of fate separation. Here, we quantitatively examined the movement of the nucleus and changes in cell shape and found that the nucleus moves to the mesodermal cell side across the region of the future cleavage furrow. However, this migration was not decisive for the asymmetric distribution of Not mRNA. Asymmetry of surface tension, caused by cell cycle difference between animal and vegetal hemisphere cells, deformed the mesendoderm cell and determined the position of the cleavage furrow, thereby ensuring the asymmetric partitioning of Not mRNA and segregation of fates. This study demonstrates how cell cycle control and the physical force relationships between cells are involved in the segregation of developmental fates.
Loss of soluble guanylyl cyclase in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation
Authors: Mauersberger Carina , Sager Hendrik B. , Wobst Jana , Dang Tan An , Lambrecht Laura , Koplev Simon , Stroth Marlène , Bettaga Noomen , Schlossmann Jens , Wunder Frank , Friebe Andreas , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Dietz Lisa , Sandner Peter , Soehnlein Oliver , Schunkert Heribert , Kessler Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe role of platelets in atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. Variants in genes encoding the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in platelets are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here we sought to investigate the contribution of platelet sGC to atherosclerosis and the therapeutic potential of targeting sGC in atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsWe genetically deleted sGC in platelets of atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr-/- mice. By intravital fluorescence microscopy such Pf4-Cre+Gucy1b1flox/floxLdlr-/- mice displayed enhanced leukocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic plaques in comparison with their litter mates. Moreover, histological and flow cytometry analyses revealed more numerous inflammatory leukocytes and larger plaque sizes in aortic tissue of Ldlr-/- mice lacking sGC in platelets. In vitro, supernatant from activated platelets lacking sGC promoted leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (EC) via enhanced EC activation. Using cytokine profiling, we identified reduced angiopoietin-1 release by Pf4-Cre+Gucy1b1flox/flox and human GUCY1A1 risk allele carrier platelets to be responsible for enhanced activation of EC and subsequent leukocyte adhesion. Pharmacological sGC stimulation increased platelet angiopoietin-1 release in vitro and reduced recruitment of adoptively transferred leukocytes in Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western diet. Pharmacological sGC stimulation further reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation.ConclusionLoss of sGC in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation via reduced release of the soluble factor angiopoietin-1 and, subsequently, enhanced leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacological sGC stimulation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat CAD.Translational perspectiveReduced platelet soluble guanylyl cyclase activity contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation. Stimulators of the soluble guanylyl cyclase, an emerging class of drugs already used in pulmonary hypertension and heart failure, are able to reduce atherosclerosis and inflammation in this preclinical model. Together with evidence from human genetics, our findings suggest a promising role of soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulation to prevent coronary artery disease.
Duesselpore™: a full-stack local web server for rapid and simple analysis of Oxford Nanopore Sequencing data
Authors: Vogeley Christian , Nguyen Thach , Woeste Selina , Krutmann Jean , Haarmann-Stemmann Thomas , Rossi Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenome-wide analysis of transcriptomes offers extensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiology of all known species and discover those that are still hidden. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has recently been developed as a fast, miniaturized, portable and a cost effective alternative to Next Generation Sequencing. However, RNA-seq data analysis software that exploit ONT portability and allows scientists to easily analyze ONT data everywhere without bioinformatic expertise is not widely available. We developed Duesselpore™, an easy-to-follow deep sequencing workflow that runs as a local webserver and allows the analysis of ONT data everywhere without requiring additional bioinformatic tools or internet connection. Duesselpore™ output includes differentially expressed genes and further downstream analyses, such as variance heatmap, disease and gene ontology plots, gene concept network plots and exports customized pathways for different cellular processes. We validated Duesselpore™ by analyzing the transcriptomic changes induced by PCB126, a dioxin-like PCB and a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in human HaCaT keratinocytes, a well characterized model system. Duesselpore™ was specifically developed to analyze ONT data but we also implemented NGS data analysis. Duesselpore™ is compatible with Microsoft and Mac operating systems, allows convenient, reliable and cost-effective analysis of ONT and NGS data.