bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Faculty Through Intrapreneurship: A Change Model
Authors: Nugent Katherine E , Lambert Vickie A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Institutions of nursing education are faced with socioeconomic issues that threaten to endanger the quality of education. Major issues such as budget cutbacks, changes in student populations, and decreasing numbers of professors mandate change if educational institutions are to survive. At the same time, health care reform provides nurse educators with an unprecedented opportunity to restructure curriculum. This article suggests that a method for meeting the challenge for educational reform while facing socioeconomic constraints is through intrapreneurship.
Schooling For Oppression: A Critical Hermeneutical Analysis of the Lived Experience of the Returning RN Student
Authors: Rather Marsha L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although registered nurses (associate degree and diploma graduates) represent one of the fastest growing cohorts in baccalaureate schools of nursing, we know little about what they find meaningful about their schooling experience. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to unveil common meanings embedded in the lived experience of RNs returning to school for their baccalaureate degree. Returning RNs (RRNs) from three BSN programs (N = 15) participated in extended, unstructured interviews. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and the resulting texts were analyzed hermeneutically to identify common meanings, relational themes across texts, and constitutive patterns expressing relationships between themes. Heideggerian phenomenology was the philosophical background for the analysis; secondary critical hermeneutical analysis utilized feminist scholarship and the work of critical social theorists. One relational theme that emerged - "Schooling For Oppression" - describes how the contested ideology of professionalism, and traditional behavioral teaching strategies, were used to prescribe the thoughts, values, and behavior of the RRNs.
Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Learner's Viewpoint
Authors: Thede Linda Q , Taft Susan , Coeling Harriet 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is becoming increasingly common in nursing. Insight into factors that facilitate or impede this process was gained through interviews with nursing students who had used one of four computer programs. Content analysis of these interviews found that the CAI experience includes many components. Three overall categories of comments emerged, pertaining to (a) the learner, (b) the learning environment, and (c) software design, including interactive features, how the learning design uses these features to achieve the learning objectives, and the content. This paper discusses elements that facilitate or hinder learning in each area and illustrates each with quotes from the interviews. This article also suggests positive actions that can increase learning through CAI use.
Perceived Benefits of Peer Leadership as Described by Junior Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Bos Sara 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing students often do not get the chance to practice the skills they need as nurses prior to graduation. Many of the required skills are difficult to teach using traditional classroom or clinical teaching methods. Peer leadership is one teaching method that may provide alternative learning opportunities for enhancing these professional nursing skills, and it encompasses the notions of peer teaching and peer supervision simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to describe what junior baccalaureate nursing students perceived as the benefits of a peer leadership experience, using Loving's Competence Validation Model as the theoretical framework. Twelve junior nursing students participated during their adult medical-surgical rotation and completed self-evaluations following the peer leadership experience. From analysis of these self-evaluations, responses were categorized into five perceived benefits: practice in prioritizing, enhancement of critical thinking skills, enhancement of technical skills, realization of peers as resources, and development of management skills.
Alternative and Complementary Therapies in Nursing Curricula
Authors: Reed Fay Carol , Pettigrew Amy C , King Margaret O 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The growing interest in and use of alternative and complementary therapies by health care professionals and laypersons, the incorporation of these therapies in medical curricula and practice, and the greater acceptance of the legitimacy of such treatment methods require that nurse educators consider how this content may be incorporated into curricula. The authors propose that preIicensure students learn the premises that support such healing practices and develop skill in eliciting and evaluating patients' use of alternative therapies. In-depth study of one or more complementary therapies may be the focus of continuing education or elective courses. Students in graduate programs may investigate the safety and efficacy of nonorthodox therapies.
Influencing Aspects in Nursing Education on Swedish Nursing Students' Choices of First Work Area as Graduated Nurses
Authors: Fagerberg Ingegerd , Winblad Bengt , Ekman Sirkka-Liisa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
It is difficult to recruit RNs to positions in various areas of elder care. The aim of this study is to understand the meaning of Swedish nursing students' reasoning during education about where in the health care system they would like to work as RNs after graduation. The students were interviewed using the same guide at the end of each of their three academic years. In the second and the third year the students kept diaries about their clinical education. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method of analysis was used, and eight themes appeared vital for the students' choice of work area after graduation. The deeper interpretations of the results imply that the students received contradictory messages during the education in elder care. Students found that nurses working in this field were often isolated with no apparent support system, which in turn reinforced their own ambivalence and reluctance towards future work in elder care.
Self-Directed Learning: Faculty and Student Perceptions
Authors: Lunyk-Child Ola I , Crooks Dauna , Ellis Patricia J , Ofosu Cottie , O'Mara Linda , Rideout Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article reports the results of a qualitative study that explored faculty and student perceptions of selfdirected learning (SDL) and investigated factors that facilitate or impede it. This study was conducted at McMaster University with faculty and students in a 4year undergraduate nursing program. Data were collected from 47 faculty and 17 students by means of focus groups that were audiotaped and transcribed. Content analysis was conducted to identify common themes in faculty and student transcripts. The themes that emerged provide insight into the educational strategy of selfdirected learning and can be summarized by the following major points: (1) commitment to SDL requires students and faculty to understand the value of empowering learners to take increased responsibility for decisions related to learning; (2) students engaged in self-directed learning undergo a transformation that begins with negative feelings (i.e., confusion, frustration, and dissatisfaction) and ends with confidence and skills for lifelong learning; and (3) faculty development is important to ensure high levels of competency in facilitating self-directed learning.
Perceptions of the Maternal-Child Clinical Rotation: The Male Student Nurse Experience
Authors: Patterson Barbara J , Morin Karen H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although male student nurses have expressed their discomfort with beginning their maternal-child clinical experience, little actually is known about the nature and quality of their experience. Ib address this gap, a phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of 8 male student nurses who had completed their maternal-child rotation. Three theme clusters emerged: preconceptions about the maternal-child rotation, enduring the clinical experience, and surviving the clinical rotation. Students began their rotations with mixed feelings (e.g., dread, anxiety, apprehension, unknowing, fear of rejection). Maternal-child nursing was viewed by male students as a woman's domain, in which they were visitors. The students expressed concerns about meeting clinical objectives and personal goals because of their gender and possible misinterpretations of their care. Consequently, they undertook special precautions when performing postpartum assessments. Faculty played a significant role in clients' responses to the students and in providing a supportive learning environment. Faculty need to be cognizant of students' feelings as they plan clinical experiences. Identification of student concerns prior to the experience may be beneficial for enhancing the learning environment.
Evaluation of Classroom-Based, Web-Enhanced, and Web-Based Distance Learning Nutrition Courses for Undergraduate Nursing
Authors: Buckey Kathleen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A traditional classroom-based course was transitioned during three semesters to a Web-enhanced and then a Web-based course. This nutrition course was part of the core curriculum for 58 undergraduate nursing students. Evaluation data were collected and analyzed to compare the effectiveness of the traditional classroom, Web-enhanced, and Web-based courses. Areas of evaluation included midterm and final examination scores and course grades, as well as student self-reports of instructor preparation, instructor-student interaction, testing, course objectives and assignments, textbooks, and strengths and weaknesses of the course. No differences were found in student learning outcomes. Although the Web-based course received the lowest mean course evaluation score, which was significantly different from the scores of the other two instructional methods, the students' qualitative comments revealed both positive and negative aspects of online instruction.
From the Tower Into the Trenches: A Nurse Educator's Reflections on the Knowledge of Experience
Authors: Didham Paula 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I have been in the tower for a long time. I have been teaching nursing for more than 20 years, and only now, after spending 6 months in the trenches as a staff nurse, have I begun to realize how far removed I had become from the real world of nursing. In this article, I will first discuss the experiences that motivated me to take a leave of absence from my teaching position in Canada for a staff nurse position in an acute care hospital in Florida. Then I will share my early reflections about what I learned as a staff nurse in Florida and how I interpreted this experience in the context of my own teaching practice and in the context of nursing education.
Mentoring for Research Skill Development
Authors: Records Kathie , Emerson Roberta J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The nursing shortage is significantly affecting the nursing academic environment. A self-perpetuating cycle of insufficient numbers of faculty with inadequate preparation for academia could lead to a profound decline in the nursing profession. Institutions often implement mentoring plans for new tenure track faculty, and the challenge is even greater in environments that are not research intensive. This article describes the implementation of the research arm of an institutional mentoring plan for new tenure track faculty. The plan was designed to facilitate new faculty's attainment of tenure, while expediting the development of a satisfying career in academia.
Doctoral education does not necessarily provide graduates with all the tools required to be successful researchers. However, specific guidance may be provided in the developing of a research program; creating networks and selecting consultants; preparing presentations and publications; and developing grantsmanship skills, particularly for institutions without established research centers.
Congenital Primary Upper Eyelid Entropion
Authors: Zak Thaddeus A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of primary congenita) upper eyelid entropion (PCUEE) is reviewed. The author proposes a congenital shortness of the levator muscle with anomalous insertion onto the tarsal plate as the etiology, and a new simplified surgical correction is described. The classification of PCUEE as a syndrome with multiple congenital anomalies is supported, and the need for a complete systemic evaluation is stressed.
Congenital primary upper eyelid entropion is an exceedingly rare condition. In 1969, Hiles and Wilder1 reviewed the 13 known cases in the ophthalmic literature, and presented a new case. They suggested the possibility that congenital upper eyelid entropion was part of a syndrome involving multiple systemic anomalies.
Surgical correction of the ectropion is usually necessitated by corneal erosion secondary to trichiasis,2·3 and a multifarious assortment of surgical procedures has been described.4,8
The following is a case report of primary congenital upper eyelid entropion which corroborates the categorization as a syndrome, suggests a pathophysiologic abnormality of the eyelid as the etiology, and describes a new, simplified technique of surgical repair.
Proteus Syndrome: Ocular Complications
Authors: Burke J P , Bowell R , O'Doherty N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Proteus syndrome Is a recently recognized hamartoneoplastic malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology and variable expression, whose cardinal manifestations are pigmented nevi, hemihypertrophy, macrodactly, llpomata, and cerebroid-gyriform configuration ot the skin on the soles of the feet. The characteristic features may be present at birth but become more apparent with time. In the past this syndrome has been confused with other overgrowth disorders such as neurofibromatosis, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, and Bannayan syndrome. The ophthalmic features of the proteus syndrome require clarification. We review the ocular findings in 16 previously described cases and describe the findings unique to our patient, in particular, unilateral epibulbar and suspected posterior segment hamartomas.
Ophthalmic Findings of Hydranencephaly
Authors: Herman David C , Bartley George B , Bullock John D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hydranencephaly is a rare developmental disorder in which the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by a cystic space filled with cerebrospinal fluid and covered by intact meninges. Ophthalmic findings include pupillary abnormalities, strabismus, nystagmus, ptosis, optic nerve hypoplasia, chorioretinitis, retinal vessel attenuation, and incomplete anterior chamber cleavage.
Optokinetic Asynunetry in Esotropia
Authors: Demer Joseph L , von Noorden Gunter K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Laboratory evidence suggests that the interruption of binocularity produced by early onset strabismus inhibits normal development of cortical inputs to the brainstem optokinetic pathway, producing an asymmetry in monocular optokinetic responses. It has been proposed that this optokinetic asymmetry can be useful in evaluating the presence of binocular vision.1
We studied 134 strabismic and 16 orthotopic patients to determine the clinical prevalence of asymmetric optokinetic responses. Cooperative children and adults were tested. For each subject, the observer made a judgment about the presence or absence of symmetry in the nasally directed versus temporally directed monocular optokinetic responses to motion of a hand-held drum.
Clinical evidence of significantly greater nasally than temporally directed optokinetic responses was observed in 58% of esotropie patients who developed strabismus before the age of 6 months; in 22% of esotropie patients with onset between 6 and 12 months of age; in 9% of esotropie patients with onset between 12 and 24 months of age; and in only 5% of esotropie patients with onset of esotropia after the age of 24 months. No asymmetry was observed in any of the exotropic patients or in the hypertropic patient and was present in only 6% of orthotropic patients. Statistical analysis indicates that in this population the finding of monocular optokinetic asymmetry in an esotropie patient implies an 85% chance that the onset of esotropia occurred in the first 6 months of life. Quantitative electro-oculographic recording demonstrated that the clinical evaluation of optokinetic asymmetry can detect high degrees of asymmetry, but may miss subtle ones. Dissociated vertical deviation and latent nystagmus were not consistently associated with asymmetry of the monocular optokinetic responses.
It may be concluded that clinically evident asymmetry of monocular optokinetic response is strong evidence for esotropia of early onset, while the absence of such asymmetry does not rule out early onset. Other manifestations of infantile esotropia, such as latent nystagmus and dissociated vertical deviation, are not invariably associated with optokinetic asymmetry.
Implantation in Children
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Ferensowicz Maria , Raanan Marsha , DeLuca Maryclare 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the development of posterior chamber lenses and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and with the availability of viscoelastic agents, the use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children is becoming more popular. Since 1982, we have implanted posterior chamber IOLs (PC-IOLs) in the capsular bags of 61 cataractous eyes of 46 children and adolescents. The goal was in-the-bag placement facilitated by the use of a small capsulectomy, and, since 1984, by the use of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. Forty-four cataracts were congenital, 13 were traumatic, and 4 were developmental. Cataract extraction with IOL implantation was performed in 16 (26%) preschool cases (ages 2 through 5), in 31 (51%) child cases (ages 6 through 12), and 14 (23%) adolescent cases (ages 13 through 18). Surgical and postoperative complications were minimal. Visual results were good. Fifty-six percent of preschoolers, 87% of children, and 86% of adolescents achieved 20/40 or better best corrected vision, with 79% of the total cohort achieving 20/40 or better. Overall, 35% achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. All but two cases had improvement in best corrected vision; if 20720 was not attained, the cause was mainly due to deprivation amblyopia. Forty-eight percent of patients were within a diopter of emmetropia.
Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Preslan Mark W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nine patients were treated with indirect ophthalmoscope argon laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A total of 16 eyes were treated at an average postconceptional age of 36.31 weeks. All eyes demonstrated regression of threshold ROP. Follow up was between 1 and 14 months postoperatively. Laser photocoagulation for ROP may be an effective alternative in treating high risk levels of ROP.
A Cluster of Patients With Inferior Rectus Restriction Following Local Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hamilton Stephen M , Elsas Frederick J , Dawson Terry L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During a 5-month period, four patients developed contracture of the inferior rectus muscle following local anesthesia for cataract surgery in the practice of one ophthalmologist. Two anesthesiologists administered retrobulbar anesthesia. All patients had persistent vertical diplopia caused by a large hypotropia of the operated eye. Forced auction testing revealed marked restriction to elevation of the eye. In two patients, MRI demonstrated segmental thickening of the inferior rectus muscle, just posterior to the globe. All patients had normal thyroid function tests. No patient had a previous history of strabismus.
Three of the four have had strabismus surgery consisting of recession of the markedly restricted inferior rectus muscle on an adjustable suture. These three patients have regained fusion and are now asymptomatic.
Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Are a Lid Speculum and Scleral Indentation Necessary?
Authors: Dhillon Baljean , Wright Elizabeth , Fleck Brian W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We wanted to investigate the value of using a lid speculum and scleral indentation in performing binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) in neonates at risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We performed a prospective masked comparison of BIO examinations using either a lid speculum and scleral indentation (SI) or no scleral indentation (NSIX in our neonatal intensive care unit. We did 57 consecutive BIO examinations of infants weighing less than 1500 g and/or having a gestational age of less than 32 weeks.
With NSI, zone I ROP was reliably seen in 53 of 57 examinations; the superior, nasal, and temporal aspects of zone Il were seen in 45 of 57 examinations; inferior zone II, in 22 of 57 examinations; and zone III in 1 of 57 examinations. SI facilitated complete peripheral fundus examination in all cases but had to be abandoned in two infants due to acute changes in oxygen saturation levels. Five infants developed threshold disease, and in two of them details of the active ROP ridge were missed with NSI.
The gentle use of an eyelid speculum and globe rotation allows rapid and relatively atraumatic assessment of the peripheral fundus, even in babies who are being ventilated. Although threshold ROP may be diagnosed by observation of posterior retinal vessel dilation and tortuosity ("plus" disease), accurate grading of ROP is likely to require Sl. In the absence of clearly developed "plus" disease, borderline or prethreshold disease may occasionally be missed using BIO with NSI. SI is necessary to examine the inferior midperipheral retinal vasculature (zone II) and the far peripheral temporal retina (zone III) and is associated with few complications. BIO with SI allows early identification of neonates with normal retinal vascularization who require no further ROP screening.
Dimensions of the Pediatric Crystalline Lens: Implications for Intraocular Lenses in Children
Authors: Bluestein EttaLeah C , Wilson M Edward , Wang Xiao-Hong , Rust Philip F , Apple David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As surgeons gain more experience with the implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) into the capsular bag in children, the minimum age for which implantation is advised may continue to be lowered. Accurate sizing of an IOL intended for i n-t he-bag fixation may depend on knowledge of the size of the capsular bag. In order to develop a growth curve for the normal crystalline lens and hence the capsular bag, 50 pediatrie autopsy eyes ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years were obtained postmortem and measured within 24 hours after enucleation. Mean crystalline lens diameter was 6.00 mm at birth, 6.80 mm at 2 months, 7.1 mm at 3 months, 7.66 mm at 6 to 9 months, 8.4 mm at 21 months, 8.5 mm at 2 to 5 years, and 9.3 mm at 16 years. The postlensectomy capsular bag size at each respective age is 1 mm larger. While age was a predictor of crystalline lens size, corneal diameter and gtobe axial length were better predictors of crystalline lens size. These data and accompanying linear regressions may be helpful in designing appropriate IOLs for pediatrie patients.