bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic acid regulation of inorganic phosphorus release from Mollisols with different organic matter contents
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Kong Yuhua , Guo Erhui , Chen Xiangwei , Li ·Limei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is used to enhance agricultural productivity. Organic acids increase the release of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) into soil solutions and thereby improve phosphorus utilization in soils; however, the effects of both organic acids and the soil organic matter contents on Pi release are poorly understood. To assess the importance of these factors in determining phosphorus availability, the release of soil Pi fractions (i.e. aluminium‐bound phosphorus (Al‐P), iron‐bound phosphorus (Fe‐P), occluded phosphorus (O‐P) and calcium‐bound phosphorus (Ca‐P)) was evaluated on addition of organic acids (citric, oxalic and malic acids) to soils from Mollisols region that had different organic matter contents and received phosphorus fertilizer. Biochemically produced humic acid was used to modify soil organic matter contents. Among Pi fractions, the Fe‐P fraction had the highest concentration in all the soils with different organic matter contents. In the presence of organic acids, the release of Pi fractions decreased as the soil organic matter increased. Among the fractions, Al‐P had the highest release, followed by Fe‐P. Comparison among various organic acids revealed that oxalic acid was the most effective for Pi release. Path analysis showed that Al‐P release had larger direct‐path and indirect‐path coefficients, which implied that Al‐P release had the largest contribution to total Pi (TPi) release. We concluded that the effectiveness of organic acids in improving soil phosphorus availability was most pronounced in soils with low organic matter contents, but further field‐scale research is needed to confirm this. Al‐P was the most effective source of inorganic phosphorus in Mollisols.
Impact of a collaborative childhood anaemia intervention programme in Peru
Authors: Whitney Rachel , Centrone Wayne A. , Mamani Hoover Supo , Falkenstein Karen , Levine Robert S. , Harris Jaden , Hazlitt Melissa , Lim Czer Anthoney 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a 12‐month multi‐modal public health intervention programme for treating and preventing anaemia among children aged 6 months to 4 years in an underserved community in Peru.MethodsThe intervention included nutritional education, use of a Lucky Iron Fish® cooking tool, and dietary supplementation. The primary outcome measure was anaemia resolution. Secondary outcomes included absolute changes in haemoglobin, change in knowledge survey scores and adherence to interventions. Chi‐square test and Mann–Whitney U‐test were employed to identify associations between anaemia and intervention‐related measures. Variables found to be significantly associated in bivariate analysis or of clinical importance were included in a logistic regression model.ResultsOf the 406 children enrolled, 256 (63.1%) completed the programme. Of those, 34.0% had anaemia at baseline; this decreased to 13.0% over 12 months. The mean haemoglobin for all ages at baseline was 11.3 g/dL (SD 0.9). At 12 months, the mean was 11.9 g/dL (SD 0.8), with a mean increase of 0.5 g/dL (95% CI 0.4–0.6). Children with anaemia at baseline saw an increase of 1.19 g/dL at the 12‐month follow‐up (95% CI 1.12–1.37). Parents correctly answered 79.0% of knowledge assessment questions at baseline, which increased to 86.6% at 12 months.ConclusionsWe observed a reduction in the prevalence of mild to moderate anaemia among study participants in this vulnerable population and conclude that multi‐modal intervention programmes providing nutrition education in conjunction with low‐cost iron supplementation and easy‐to‐use Lucky Iron Fish® cooking tools may reduce and prevent anaemia in children.
Opinions towards the water‐related Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes: The stakeholders’ point of view
Authors: Paletto Alessandro , Báliková Klára , De Meo Isabella 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSustainable forest management provides a wide range of water‐related ecosystem services (WES) fundamental for human well‐being such as groundwater recharge, runoff and water discharge to streams, soil erosion protection, and recreational opportunities. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) promote sustainable forest management by reducing negative externalities. To implement PES schemes, many stakeholders with different interests and needs must be involved in the design and implementation process. The aim of this study is to investigate stakeholders’ opinions on the relationships between forests and water resources and the water‐related PES schemes in Italy. A semi‐structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of stakeholders. The results show that the most important WES provided by forests are soil erosion reduction, provision of habitats for different species, surface runoff reduction. The respondents emphasize the importance of regulating and supporting services, while they minimize the importance of cultural services related to the water resource.
Bacteria and bioburden and healing in complex wounds: A prognostic systematic review
Authors: Norman Gill , Shi Chunhu , Westby Maggie J. , Price Bianca L. , McBain Andrew J. , Dumville Jo C. , Cullum Nicky 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe wound microbiome may play an important role in the wound healing process. We conducted the first systematic prognosis review investigating whether aspects of the wound microbiome are independent prognostic factors for the healing of complex wounds. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library to February 2019. We included longitudinal studies which assessed the independent association of aspects of wound microbiome with healing of complex wounds while controlling for confounding factors. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. We synthesised studies narratively due to the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of included studies and sparse data. We identified 28 cohorts from 21 studies with a total of 38,604 participants, including people with diabetes and foot ulcers, open surgical wounds, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers. Risk of bias varied from low (2 cohorts) to high (17 cohorts); the great majority of participants were in cohorts at high risk of bias. Most evidence related to the association of baseline clinical wound infection with healing. Clinical infection at baseline may be associated with less likelihood of wound healing in foot ulcers in diabetes (HR from cohort with moderate risk of bias 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.83) or slower healing in open surgical wounds (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.83); evidence in other wounds is more limited. Most other associations assessed showed no clear relationship with wound healing; evidence was limited and often sparse; and we documented gaps in the evidence. There is low certainty evidence that a diagnosis of wound infection may be prognostic of poorer healing in foot ulcers in diabetes, and some moderate certainty evidence for this in open surgical wounds. Low certainty evidence means that more research could change these findings.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy of Unna boot in the treatment of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Paranhos Thalita , Paiva Caroline Souza Bosco , Cardoso Fernanda Cássia Israel , Apolinário Priscila Peruzzo , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus , Oliveira Henrique Ceretta , Saidel Maria Giovana Borges , Dini Ariane Polidoro , Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka Souza , Lima Maria Helena Melo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis systematic review determined the effectiveness of the Unna boot in the treatment of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) by assessing the quality of the available evidence. A systematic search of studies published between August 2019 and February 2020 was conducted using the PubMed, PubMed/PMC, BVS/BIREME, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, ProQuest, BDTD, CAPES Thesis and Dissertation, OPEN THESIS, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and SciELO databases. Studies were eligible if they reported primary studies, controlled clinical trials, quasi‐experimental studies or observational studies (cross‐sectional studies or cohort studies). We identified 302 articles. After screening and critical appraisal, eight articles were included in this review, while six articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Four studies were included in the outcome of complete ulcer healing rate with a weighted estimate of the odds ratio of 0.43 (95% CI = 0.188–1.01). No evidence of the presence of considerable heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.35, I2 = 32%). Two studies were assigned to the outcome time to complete ulcer healing (days) with a weighted estimated mean difference of 41.3 days (95% CI = 21.62–61.04). Evidence of the presence of considerable heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.01, I2 = 85%). The results showed a moderate degree of evidence that there is no difference in the healing rates of VLUs with the use of the Unna boot. For the time to complete ulcer healing, the low number of studies and low classification impaired the reporting at any level of evidence.
Internet-Based Skill Learning
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Matsuura Yoshifusa , Dzbor Martin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-verbal motional skill plays a very important role in manufacturing. The transfer of the skill is important in two aspects:One is for passing the skill on to others, either from generation to generation or from one place to another. The other is for integrating this information into design. For both of these purposes, the symbolization of motional skill is necessary in order effectively to represent it and to use it. Therefore, in this work, we digitized motion data and allotted attributes to each data chunk and developed a client/server system on the internet. The teacher and the student can teach and learn on their own client machines. Our system pennits the teacher and the student to share the processes of learning in addition to the results.
Agent-Based Integrated Product Teams
Authors: Obrst Leo , Woytowitz Michael , Rock Denny , Lander Susan , Gallagher Kevin , Decker Keith 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose an agent-based architecture for providing partially automated support to large, concurrent engineering environments that have adopted Integrated Product Team (IPT) practices. We describe classes of agents, show various views from the individual users to the network with a hierarchy for control and coordination, and sketch our strategies for incremental implementation. We have built a Task Structure Specification Tool to delineate and manage the IPT tasks, using blackboard data structures and World-Wide Web compatibility. We review related agent-based engineering efforts, which generally are not sufficient for IPT integration. We suggest that implementing computational IPTs remains a large challenge awaiting agent technologies.
Inased (inhaled sedation in ICU) trial protocol: a multicentre randomised open-label trial
Authors: Bailly Pierre , Egreteau Pierre-Yves , Ehrmann Stephan , Thille Arnaud W , Guitton Christophe , Grillet Guillaume , Reizine Florian , Huet Olivier , Jaber S , Nowak Emmanuel , L"her Erwan 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe use of sedation in intensive care units (ICUs) is necessary and ubiquitous. The impact of sedation strategy on outcome, particularly when delivered early after initiation of mechanical ventilation, is unknown. Evidence is increasing that volatile anaesthetic agents could be associated with better outcome. Their use in delirium prevention is unknown.Methods and analysisThis study is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicentre, two-arm, randomised, control, open-trial comparing inhaled sedation strategy versus intravenous sedation strategy in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Two hundred and fifty patients will be randomly assigned to the intravenous sedation group or inhaled sedation group, with a 1:1 ratio in two groups according to the sedation strategy. The primary outcome is the occurrence of delirium assessed using two times a day confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Secondary outcomes include cognitive and functional outcomes at 3 and 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Committee (CPP Ouest) and national authorities (ANSM). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04341350
Quality of life among adult patients living with diabetes in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study in outpatient clinics
Authors: Lygidakis Charilaos , Uwizihiwe Jean Paul , Bia Michela , Uwinkindi Francois , Kallestrup Per , Vögele Claus 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo report on the disease-related quality of life of patients living with diabetes mellitus in Rwanda and identify its predictors.DesignCross-sectional study, part of the baseline assessment of a cluster-randomised controlled trial.SettingOutpatient clinics for non-communicable diseases of nine hospitals across Rwanda.ParticipantsBetween January and August 2019, 206 patients were recruited as part of the clinical trial. Eligible participants were those aged 21–80 years and with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months. Illiterate patients, those with severe hearing or visual impairments, those with severe mental health conditions, terminally ill, and those pregnant or in the postpartum period were excludedPrimary and secondary outcome measuresDisease-specific quality of life was measured with the Kinyarwanda version of the Diabetes-39 (D-39) questionnaire. A glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test was performed on all patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including medical history, disease-related complications and comorbidities.ResultsThe worst affected dimensions of the D-39 were ‘anxiety and worry’ (mean=51.63, SD=25.51), ‘sexual functioning’ (mean=44.58, SD=37.02), and ‘energy and mobility’ (mean=42.71, SD=20.69). Duration of the disease and HbA1c values were not correlated with any of the D-39 dimensions. A moderating effect was identified between use of insulin and achieving a target HbA1c of 7% in the ‘diabetes control’ scale. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (49.0% of participants), which had a greater negative effect on the ‘diabetes control’ and ‘social burden’ scales in women. Higher education was a predictor of less impact on the ‘social burden’ and ‘energy and mobility’ scales.ConclusionsSeveral variables were identified as predictors for the five dimensions of quality of life that were studied, providing opportunities for tailored preventive programmes. Further prospective studies are needed to determine causal relationships.Trial registration numberNCT03376607.
Prognostic value of reduction in left atrial size during a follow-up of heart failure: an observational study
Authors: Shiba Masayuki , Kato Takao , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Seko Yuta , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kitai Takeshi , Yamashita Yugo , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe association between sequential changes in left atrial diameter (LAD) and prognosis in heart failure (HF) remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the link between reduction in LAD and clinical outcomes in patients with HF.DesignA multicentre prospective cohort study.SettingThis study was nested from the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry including consecutive patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in 19 hospitals throughout Japan.ParticipantsThe current study population included 673 patients with HF who underwent both baseline and 6-month follow-up echocardiography with available paired LAD data. We divided them into two groups: the reduction in the LAD group (change <0 mm) (n=398) and the no-reduction in the LAD group (change ≥0 mm) (n=275).Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome measure was a composite of all-cause death or hospitalisation for HF during 180 days after 6-month follow-up echocardiography. The secondary outcome measures were defined as the individual components of the primary composite outcome measure and a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for HF.ResultsThe cumulative 180-day incidence of the primary outcome measure was significantly lower in the reduction in the LAD group than in the no-reduction in the LAD group (13.3% vs 22.2%, p=0.002). Even after adjusting 15 confounders, the lower risk of reduction in LAD relative to no-reduction in LAD for the primary outcome measure remained significant (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.97 p=0.04).ConclusionPatients with reduction in LAD during follow-up after ADHF hospitalisation had a lower risk for a composite endpoint of all-cause death or HF hospitalisation, suggesting that the change of LAD might be a simple and useful echocardiographic marker during follow-up.
Hospice care access inequalities: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Tobin Jake , Rogers Alice , Winterburn Isaac , Tullie Sebastian , Kalyanasundaram Asanish , Kuhn Isla , Barclay Stephen 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundInequalities in access to hospice care is a source of considerable concern; white, middle-class, middle-aged patients with cancer have traditionally been over-represented in hospice populations.ObjectiveTo identify from the literature the demographic characteristics of those who access hospice care more often, focusing on: diagnosis, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, geography and socioeconomic status.DesignSystematic literature review and narrative synthesis.MethodSearches of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Assia and Embase databases from January 1987 to end September 2019 were conducted. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies of adult patients in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, receiving inpatient, day, outpatient and community hospice care. Of the 45 937 titles retrieved, 130 met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis of extracted data was conducted.ResultsAn extensive literature search demonstrates persistent inequalities in hospice care provision: patients without cancer, the oldest old, ethnic minorities and those living in rural or deprived areas are under-represented in hospice populations. The effect of gender and marital status is inconsistent. There is a limited literature concerning hospice service access for the LGBTQ+ community, homeless people and those living with HIV/AIDS, diabetes and cystic fibrosis.ConclusionBarriers of prognostic uncertainty, institutional cultures, particular needs of certain groups and lack of public awareness of hospice services remain substantial challenges to the hospice movement in ensuring equitable access for all.
Acceptability of no-test medical abortion provided via telemedicine during Covid-19: analysis of patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Porter Erlank Chelsey , Lord Jonathan , Church Kathryn 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe English government approved both stages of early medical abortion (EMA), using mifepristone and misoprostol under 10 weeks’ gestation, for at-home use on 30 March 2020. MSI Reproductive Choices UK (MSUK), one of the largest providers of abortion services in England, launched a no-test telemedicine EMA pathway on 6 April 2020. The objectives of this study were to report key patient-reported outcome measures and to assess whether our sample was representative of the whole population receiving no-test telemedicine EMA.MethodsA sample of all MSUK’s telemedicine EMA patients between April and August 2020 were invited to opt in to a follow-up call to answer clinical and satisfaction questions. A total of 1243 (13.7% of all telemedicine EMAs) were successfully followed-up, on average within 5 days post-procedure.ResultsPatients reported high confidence in telemedicine EMA and high satisfaction with the convenience, privacy and ease of managing their abortion at home. The sample responding were broadly equivalent to the whole population receiving telemedicine. No patient reported that they were unable to consult privately. The majority (1035, 83%) of patients reported preferring the telemedicine pathway, with 824 (66%) indicating that they would choose telemedicine again if COVID-19 were no longer an issue.ConclusionsTelemedicine EMA is a valued, private, convenient and more accessible option that is highly acceptable for patients seeking an abortion, especially those for whom in-clinic visits are logistically or emotionally challenging. Evidence that this pathway would be a first choice again in future for most patients supports the case to make telemedicine EMA permanent.
Controlled locomotion of a droplet propelled by an encapsulated squirmer
Authors: Kree R. , Zippelius A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We work out the propulsion of a viscous drop which is driven by two mechanisms: the active velocity of an encapsulated squirmer and an externally applied force acting on the squirmer. Of particular interest is the existence of a stable comoving state of drop and squirmer, allowing for controlled manipulation of the viscous drop by external forcing. The velocities of droplet and squirmer, as well as the conditions for a stable comoving state are worked out analytically for the axisymmetric configuration with a general displacement of the squirmer from the center of the droplet

Graphic abstract
Machiavellian Masculinities: Historicizing and Contextualizing the “Civilizing Process” in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Morris Ellen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To judge from wisdom literature and artistic production, the ideal man in pharaonic Egypt was as polite and even-tempered as he was well groomed. This article examines the evidence for warrior burials from periods when the state was decentralized or relatively weak and argues that conceptions of manhood in fact oscillated between an irenic ideal and a more violent counterpart. Drawing upon comparative case studies and advice given by Niccolò Machiavelli to his prince, I argue that hegemonic masculinity in Egypt did not simply reflect the character of the times. Rather, rulers actively promoted the type of masculinity that best served their purpose. To an ambitious local ruler engaged in enlarging his core territory, it was beneficial to appeal to and encourage ideals of valor among potential soldiers and supporters. Once peace had been established, however, violent masculinities proved disruptive. Based on internal evidence as well as observations of authoritarian governments that aimed similarly to solidify their power and pacify their realms, I suggest that pharaohs and their advisors likely employed five specific strategies to neutralize potential competitors and transform an honor-bound warrior aristocracy into courtiers and bureaucrats.