bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Gland Trauma
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , El-Matbouly Moamena , El-Menyar Ayman , Al-Hassani Ammar , Jogol Hisham , El-Faramawy Ahmed , Siddiqui Tariq , Abdelrahman Husham 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
We aimed to describe the presentation, classification, and outcome of traumatic adrenal injury in a single Level-1 trauma center.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted to include all patients identified to have adrenal trauma from 2011 to 2014. Data were retrieved from charts and electronic medical records for all patients with adrenal trauma with a 3-year follow-up for mortality.

Results:
A total of 116 patients who were admitted with adrenal injury (12.9% of abdominal trauma and 20% of total solid organ injury admissions) were included in the study, 104 were males and 12 were females. In our population, 86% of adrenal injuries involved the right adrenal gland, 14% in the left, and 12% had bilateral injuries. The majority of associated injuries were rib fractures accounting for 42%, while 37% had associated lung injuries, and 35% had head injuries. As per the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification, 46% of adrenal traumas were grade one. Of all adrenal trauma, 25 patients were operated (21%), whereas the majority were admitted to the intensive care unit or surgical ward. Surgical interventions were indicated for associated injury to the bowel, spleen, diaphragm, mesentery, kidneys, or inferior vena cava. One patient underwent angioembolization of the adrenal vessels due to contrast leak. The mortality rate was 14.6%, and no further mortality was reported during a 3-year follow-up. On multivariable analysis, admission systolic blood pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, and injury severity score were predictors of hospital mortality.

Conclusions:
Adrenal injury is not rare and often unilateral with right-sided predominance. Associated injuries influence the clinical findings, management, and outcome. Surgical interventions are rarely required except for few cases of active bleeding. Long-term outcome postadrenal injury is still not well studied.
Overall health-related quality of life of HIV infected and non-infected adults in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State
Authors: Kefas I B , Envuladu E A , Miner C , Pokop B W , Daboer J C , Chingle M P , Banwat M E , Zoakah A I 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The burden of HIV has effects on Health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL assessment is an essential tool in understanding the patient perspective of their quality of life. This study aimed to determine and compare the HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults in Jos North, Plateau State.

Method:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Jos North LGA between January-March 2018. One hundred and seventy-eight of HIV infected and non-infected adults who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a multistage sampling technique. We used a WHOQOL-HIV Bref questionnaire to collect information. We calculated the difference in domain mean score using student t-test and determine factors associated with HRQOL using Chi-square test and logistic regressions at the 5 % level of significance. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0.

Results:
The mean ages of HIV infected and non-infected respondents were 38 ± 9 and 35 ± 10 years, respectively. The overall HRQOL mean score for HIV infected was 3.98 ± 0.70 and 4.06 ± 0.60 for non- infected adults, and this was comparative (P = 0.223). In all the domains, the HRQOL mean scores were significantly different between the HIV infected and non-infected except physical domain (P = 0.962). The odds of good HRQOL was higher among those with tertiary education [aOR:8.33; 95%CI: 2.4–29.3] and those employed [aOR:2.34; 95%CI: 1.1–5.2] among HIV infected respondents.

Conclusions:
This study showed that the overall HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults were similar in Jos North LGA. However, there was a significant difference in all the domains except for physical domain.
House Structure Is Associated with Malaria among Febrile Patients in a High-Transmission Region of Zambia
Authors: Sikalima Jay , Schue Jessica L. , Hill Sarah E. , Mulenga Modest , Handema Ray , Daka Victor , Chileshe Justin , Kasongo Webster , Chaponda Mike , Bukasa Kabuya Jean-Bertin , Moss William J. , Ippolito Matthew M. , _ _ 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.Since the late nineteenth century, the importance of house structure as a determinant of malaria risk has been recognized. Few studies to date have examined the association of housing and malaria in clinical populations. We conducted a cross-sectional study of febrile patients (n = 282) at two rural health clinics in a high malaria-transmission area of northern Zambia. Participants underwent testing for Plasmodium falciparum infection by PCR. Demographic and other risk factors including house structure, indoor residual spraying (IRS), bed net use, education level, and household income were collected. Data were fitted to logistic regression models for relational and mediation analyses. Residing in a house with a thatch roof was associated with higher odds of malaria than residing in a house with corrugated metal (odds ratio: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0–6.3, P = 0.04). Lower income and educational attainment were also associated with greater odds of malaria. Living under a thatch roof accounted for 24% (95% CI: 14–82) of the effect of household income on malaria risk, and income accounted for 11% (95% CI: 8–19) of the effect of education. Neither IRS nor bed net use was associated with malaria risk despite large, local investments in these vector control interventions. The findings testify to malaria as a disease of rural poverty and contribute further evidence to the utility of housing improvements in vector control programs.
Survey of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants in Melkabello District, Eastern Harerghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Chala , Abera Dereje , Woyessa Mezene , Birhanu Tadesse 
Published: April 2021

An ethno botanical survey was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 in Melkabello district, Eastern Harerghe Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were designed to document ethno veterinary medicinal plants and identify their associated threats. A structured and pre tested questionnaire was used to collect the required data. About 20 traditional healers were purposively selected based on the recommendation of local authorities. The majority of the healers were male, 16 (80%) and the remained 4 (20%) were females. In this study about 68 medicinal plant species belonging to 55 families were identified in the study area. The principal sources of the medicinal plants were from wild, cultivated and both with the proportion of 53 (77.9%), 12 (17.6%) and 3 (4.4 %), respectively. In this study herb, 27 (39.7%) followed by tree, 19 (27.9%) were the most commonly used habits of the plants by traditional healers. The major plant parts used were leaf, 40 (58.8%) and bark, 2 (2.9%). The most common administration routes were oral, 48 (70.6%) followed by topical, 12 (17.6%) and aerosol 3(4.4%). Febrile diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, external injuries, blackleg and reproductive insufficiency were treated by the traditional practioners. In conclusion, the study revealed that participants had a good knowledge to treat livestock ailments, but the dose varies among the healers. Therefore, further study should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and standardize the dose of medicinal plants in the study area.Keywords: Ailments, Eastern Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia, Ethno-Veterinary,Medicinal Plants
Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and its potential risk factors in selected sites of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Mersha Tesfaye 
Published: April 2021

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides small colonies and it is one of the most important threats to cattle health and production in Ethiopia, such as at livestock farm of Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC) an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia occurred in May, 2011 and many animals were affected and died before the disease was identified. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in the selected districts of Western Oromia Zones as well as to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, a cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in three selected districts from three Western Oromia Zones. A total of 386 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of the disease by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In this study, districts, peasant associations, age, sex, breed and body conditions were considered as risk factors. Thus, the overall seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study was 28.5%. The seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia at districts level were 40.3%, 19.0 % and 5.7 % in Gobbu-Sayyo, Bako-Tibbe and Horro district, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in prevalence of the disease among the districts. However, age, sex, breed and body condition were not significant (p > 0.05) with the serostatus of the animal. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the overall prevalence of CBPP in Western Oromia Zones was high, This warrants the need of the institute to follow appropriate preventive and control measures to stop further spread of the disease and appropriate controlling and prevention should be designed in general as a country level and further study should be done in the future to know the temporal pattern of the disease.Keywords: Seroprevalence, CBPP, Risk factors, cELISA, Western OromiaZones, Ethiopia
Post- operative analgesic effect of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with tramadol for ovariohysterectomy in bitches
Authors: Kefyalew Hailemariam , Rajendran N. , Chanie Mersha , Tamerat Nateneal 
Published: April 2021

Pre-emptive analgesia refers to the application of analgesic before the patient exposal to noxious stimuli. The study was conducted from December, 2013 to May, 2014 on 12 healthy bitches presented to the University of Gondar Teaching Veterinary Clinic for ovariohysterectomy to compare the epidural analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with tramadol to relieve postoperative pain and asses changes on physiological and heamatological parameters. The bitches were randomly assigned to experimental group I and II. Premedication was done with atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride at 0.04 mg/kg subcutaneously and 1mg/kg intramuscular, respectively. Induction was employed by diazepam at0.25 mg/kg intravenous, immediately followed with ketamine hydrochloride at 5mg/kg intravenously for effect and maintenance, incremental injections of ketamine hydrochloride was administered. Bupivacaine at 1 mg/ kg was administered epidurally in group I bitches while 1 mg/kg of bupivacaine combined with 2 mg/kg tramadol were administered epidurally in group II bitches. Physiological and haematological parameters were assessed at different stages of analgesia, in addition to pain scoring using visual analogue scale (VAS) and categorized numerical rating scale (CNRS). After epidural administration, mean temperature and heart rate between treatment groups showed statistically (p<0.01) high significant reduction while respiratory rate reduction was significant (p<0.05) in group-II bitches compared to group-I due to the inclusion of opioid analgesic tramadol. Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in 1 hour after surgery in both groups. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in both visual analogue scale (VAS) and categorized numerical rating Scale (CNRS) score postoperatively in 2 and 6 hours between group I and II bitches. In fact, the visual analogue scale score of group II bitches at 6 hour after surgery was statistically (p<0.01) highly reduced compared to group I bitches. In conclusion, postoperative pain assessment revealed better reduction in pain at all intervals in group-II bitches compared to group-I due to the inclusion of opioid analgesic tramadol. However, further studies are needed to compare the efficacy and doses of this combination as epidural analgesic for various surgeries. Keywords: Bitches, Bupivacaine, Epidural, Ovariohysterectomy, Postoperative pain, Tramadol
Gastrointestinal nematodes of donkeys in and around Alage, South Western Ethiopia
Authors: Naramo Misgana , Terefe Yitagele , Kemal Jelalu , Merga Tesfaye , Haile Gelane , Dhaba Merga 
Published: April 2021

Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and working performance of donkeys. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify major risk factors associated with donkey’s gastrointestinal nematode infection in and around Alage, South Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 randomly selected donkeys were sampled from 4 peasant associations for coprological examination of gastrointestinal nematode infection. The direct fecal smear, flotation and fecal culture methods were utilized to identify the eggs and larvae of parasites in feces, respectively. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes recorded in donkeys examined was 99.5%. The study showed that the prevalence of Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi and Strongyle were 53.6%, 4.9% and 99.5%, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence was observed for Oxyuris equi and Parascaris equorum in young donkeys than in both adults and old donkeys. The study showed that the prevalence of Strongyle was significantly higher than both Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi in all age groups of donkeys. There was also statistically significant difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes between sex, age, body condition and among peasant associations in different species of the parasites. Identification of third stage larvae of Strongyle species from 40 samples revealed high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris (100%) followed by Cythostomes (97.5%) and Strongylus edentates (70%). The current study demonstrated that gastrointestinal nematodes are the major health challenges of donkeys in the study area. Therefore strategic dewrming and other nematode control options were recommended to be considered in order to improve the health, productivity and welfare of donkeys in the study area.Keywords: Donkeys; Ethiopia; Gastrointestinal; Nematodes; Prevalence
Prevalence, risk factors and antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Ambo, Gojo and Bako towns of Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu , Merga Demiso , Sarba Edilu Jorga , Marami Lencho Megersa , Tola Getachew Kebebew , Endale Solomon Shiferaw 
Published: April 2021

Dogs are a potential reservoir for Escherichia coli and other zoonotic bacterial pathogens posing the risk of infection to humans and other animals. A crosssectional study was used to collect 438 rectal swab samples from apparently healthy dogs of Ambo, Gojo, and Bako towns of West Shewa Zone with the objectives of investigating the prevalence, risk factors and antibiogram of E. coli. A questionnaire survey was administered at the household level to collect data on potential risk factors to acquire E. coli infection. Prevalence was determined by using standard bacteriological culture techniques. Further confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were conducted using Automated Phoenix Machine. The overall prevalence of E. coli was found to be 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]:20.26-28.49%). The isolation rate of E. coli was the highest in Bako 31.01%, followed by Gojo 30.99% and Ambo 18.49% towns. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that there was a significant association between E. coli prevalence and towns and Kebeles (P<0.05). However, age, sex, the presence of other domestic animals in the household, types of the housing system, educational level of the dogs’ owners, and type of feed provided to the dogs did not significantly correlate with the isolation of E. coli (P > 0.05). E. coli isolates were pan-susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, netilmicin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and meropenem. A low level of resistance was found to aztreonam, ceftriaxone, (each 13.95%), cefazolin (22.73%), gentamicin (11.90%), and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (6.97%). E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance to aztreonam, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (14.0%). This demonstrated E. coli prevalence and moderately low antimicrobial resistance suggests the possible risk of infection of humans. Therefore, raising public awareness about zoonotic canine disease prevention measures and good hygienic practices are essential..
Keywords: Antibiogram, Dog, Escherichia coli, Ethiopia, Prevalence, Risk factor
Evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal effects on different traits of Fayoumi and White Leghorn crossbreeds
Authors: Assefa Kasaye , Tadesse Yosef , Kebede Ewonetu , Ameha Negassi 
Published: April 2021

Several studies were conducted on evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effects for different chicken breeds. However, there is a limited information on the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effect for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn. Therefore; this study was designed to evaluate the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal effects on different traits for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn from day-old to age at first egg. A total of six hundred chicks were selected,150 from each genotype and evaluated simultaneously under the same management. The specific and general heterosis, maternal, and reciprocal effects were estimated for all traits. The heterosis of body weight ranged from 3.06 to 21.31% for the main and 1.35 to 14.89% the reciprocal crossbred, which is within the recommended range (-6.5-26.2%). The heterosis of weight gain ranged from -0.07 to 33.03%. The F1 of Fayoumi cocks and White Leghorn hens exhibited a higher positive heterotic recorded for the body weight at first egg. The main and reciprocal crossbreds had negative heterotic for age at first egg and lies within the recommended range of (-25 and 11.5 %). The effect of maternity on body weight was found to be more favorable at brooder age for Fayoumi breed while it was at grower age for White leghorn. Negative estimates were observed for maternal and reciprocal effects on body weight at day-old, 20 weeks, and age at first egg; weight gain at 8-12 and 16- 20 weeks; feed intake at 0-4 and 12-20 weeks; feed conversion efficiency at 0-8 and 16-20 weeks; and egg weight at first egg. Generally, this study concluded that the crosses between WLH hen and Fayoumi cock produced progenies that are more feed efficient and produced heavier eggs than their main crossbred.
Keywords: Crossbreed; Fayoumi; Heterosis; Maternal; Reciprocal; White Leghorn
Analysis and Implementation of Honeyd as a Low-Interaction Honeypot in Enhancing Security Systems
Authors: Nasution Abdul Muin , Zarlis Muhammad , Suherman Suherman 
Published: April 2021

Every computer connected to a wide computer network is vulnerable to the occurrence of data, information, resources and services that exist in the system from actions such as intrusion, wiretapping, theft and misuse of important data to damage to network systems, which are carried out by irresponsible intruders, wiretapping, theft and misuse of important data by individuals, groups, within a company/government agency or private sector, even damage to computer network systems may occur. in a company, which is done by an intruder or attacker who is not responsible. Honeypot honeyd is a method that can be applied, implemented in medium to large scale companies, especially those that have implemented computer-based systems and technology, to prevent, anticipate bad actions before they occur and take quick action when bad impacts occur. Honeypot honeyd with low-interaction, which is to interact indirectly with the attacker, because honeyd positions itself as a bait or a shadow server that is deliberately attacked so that the results of the attack can be known and analyzed. In this research, honeyd honeypot is a shadow server that resembles a real server, which has several services along with ports that are deliberately opened for attack. The results of this research can be seen that there is an infiltration or direct attack, seen from the increase in network traffic above normal on the monitor system, and also can be seen log files from Honeyd in detail what the attackers have done or are currently doing to be analyzed and then take precautions, anticipation, socialization of security in carrying out activities that are directly related to the outside world through the network, improving both servers, network systems and existing services. Thus the honeyd honeypot can help save important data, resources and can improve computer network security systems.
Las Competencias Informacionales Observadas y Auto-percibidas en el Profesorado Iberoamericano
Authors: De los Santos Lorenzo Mayeily , MARTÍNEZ ABAD FERNANDO 
Published: April 2021

Las competencias informacionales (CI) han cobrado gran importancia en estos últimos años, se han realizado estudios en todos los niveles de la educación y se han discutido en gran manera la relevancia de éstas como una más de las competencias digitales que no puede estar aislada de los programas académicos. El presente trabajo se ha enfocado en hacer un diagnostico con una evaluación de competencias observada y competencias autopercibidas de Competencias informacionales(CI) en profesores universitarios, a través de un estudio de encuesta aplicado a 230 profesores de 6 universidades de educación superior de Iberoamérica (México, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Rep. Dom y España) Las variables predictoras fueron el país de origen de los sujetos y la experiencia laboral y las dimensiones CIO-CIA fueron las variables criterio. Se realizó un análisis de carácter no paramétrico, ya que los datos no siguieron una distribución normal. Como resultados se observo que los docentes noveles se consideran con mayores habilidades para manejar la información que los docentes expertos. Sin embargo, en el estudio de las competencias observadas los docentes expertos demostraron tener mayores habilidades que sus colegas más jóvenes. En sentido general los docentes españoles son más conscientes de sus habilidades para manejar la información que los demás de otros países.
FOSTERING TEACHERS TO BE CREATIVE AT THE AGE OF COVID 19
Authors: Yulia Henny 
Published: April 2021

Pandemic of covid 19, sucessfully change education system in the world. Face to face system has already been changed to online system. There are many challenges for the tachers to use this system because not all students are ready to use this method. Online system does not become problematic problem for students in level of senior high school and university. But for the level of kindergarten, elementary and junior high school online system create new problems. Traditional teachers who are not accustomed to teaching online only give the students tasks without explaining anything. Hence the students become more and more confuse with the lesson. The purpose of this paper is to explain reasons why teachers crativities are needed in online classes, especially for traditional teachers who ought to cope with this problem. In addition, teachers have to upgrade their knowledge in order to adapt with unhappy situation. Moreover, some explanations about the strategies of online teaching are also clarified