bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Porcine Parvoviruses Detected in South Korean Wild Boars
Authors: Park Gyu-Nam , Song Sok , Cha Ra Mi , Choe SeEun , Shin Jihye , Kim Song-Yi , Hyun Bang-Hun , Park Bong-Kyun , An Dong-Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs; to date, six novel porcine parvoviruses (PPV2–PPV7) have been identified. Here, we detected 11 PPV1, five PPV3, three PPV4, six PPV5, five PPV6, and one PPV7 strain in Korean wild boars. PPV1, -3, and -5, and PPV6, from Korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the Ca2+ binding loop and the catalytic center of the PLA1 motif. Intra-recombination among PPV7 strains was also identified. Genetic characterization revealed that PPV1 from Korean wild boars may be similar to virulent PPV strains.
The Effect of Inter-Pregnancy Interval on Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage in Urban South Ethiopia: A Community-Based Matched Nested Case Control Study
Authors: Jena Belayneh Hamdela , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, postpartum hemorrhage remained a leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for nearly one quarter of all pregnancy related deaths. To decrease postpartum hemorrhage related maternal mortalities to desired level, identifying its risk factors is very crucial to guide interventions. In this regard, little is known about the link between inter-pregnancy interval and primary postpartum hemorrhage in Ethiopia where maternal mortality is one of the highest in the world (412 per 100,000 live births). Therefore, we mainly aimed to assess the effect of inter-pregnancy interval on primary postpartum hemorrhage in urban South Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based matched nested case control study was conducted among 365 women (73 cases and 292 controls). Cases were women with primary postpartum hemorrhage and controls were women without primary postpartum hemorrhage. Cases were individually matched with controls (1:4 ratio) for age group and location. A conditional logistic regression analysis was done using R version 4.0.3 software. Statistically significant association was declared at P < 0.05. Odds ratio and attributable fraction (AF) were used to report effect sizes from the adjusted model.Results: The incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage was 2.9%, 95%CI: (2.2%, 3.6%). More than half (56%) of primary postpartum hemorrhage was attributed to short inter-pregnancy interval <18 months (AF=56.1%, 95%CI: 6.5%, 79.5%). This could have been prevented if inter-pregnancy interval was increased to 24-36 months. Moreover, primary postpartum hemorrhage was attributed to presence of antepartum hemorrhage (AF=82.4%, 95% CI: 17.4%, 96.2%), prolonged labour (AF=71.8%, 95%CI: 31.5%, 88.4%) and late initiation of breast feeding (AF=78.2%, 95%CI: 47.4%, 90.9%).Conclusions: In this study, inter-pregnancy interval was causally related with primary postpartum hemorrhage. More than half of primary postpartum hemorrhage can be prevented by spacing pregnancy for at least 18 months. Other risk factors for primary postpartum hemorrhage were antepartum hemorrhage, prolonged labour and late initiation of breast feeding. Increasing existing maternal health service utilization (family planning emphasizing on spacing, antenatal care, health facility delivery with early referrals and postnatal care) will contribute for reducing primary postpartum hemorrhage, as the risk factors identified were maternal health service related and modifiable.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy after Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kikuchi Kota , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Hasegawa Chie , Watabiki Aimi , Inoue Teruo , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTakotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as “apical ballooning syndrome”, is generally precipitated by endogenous or exogenous stress, and eating disorders have a variety of physical complications.Case presentationWe present a case involving a 37-year-old Japanese female with eating disorders. She was admitted because of emaciation with shortness of breath and tiredness, and her weight was 30.0 kg (BMI 10.5 kg/m2) at this admission. On the afternoon of the first hospital day, a simple measurement caused hypoglycemia of 20 mg/dL, and she lost consciousness. On the night of the second hospital day, electrocardiogram showed negative T waves in II, III, aVf, and V1-6. Ultrasound echo showed hypokinesia at the apex of the heart and hypercontraction at the base of the heart. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 20%. Rest and oxygen administration gradually improved her cardiac function; the left ventricular ejection fraction also improved to 50% based on echocardiography. Finally, her weight increased by 43kg (BMI 15.2 kg/m2) with psychiatric treatment, and she was discharged.ConclusionsThe present case shows the clinical features of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by a hypoglycemic event in addition to underlying anorexia nervosa.
Systemic Inflammation Alters the Neuroinflammatory Response: A Prospective Clinical Trial in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Authors: Lassarén Philipp , Lindblad Caroline , Frostell Arvid , Carpenter Keri LH , Guilfoyle Mathew R , Hutchinson Peter JA , Helmy Adel , Thelin Eric Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be associated with secondary injury development, however how systemic inflammatory mediators affect this is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to see how systemic inflammation affects markers of neuroinflammation, if this inflammatory response had a temporal correlation between compartments and how different compartments differ in cytokine composition.Methods: TBI patients recruited to a previous randomized controlled trial studying the effects of the drug anakinra (Kineret®), a human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL1ra), were used (n=10 treatment arm, n=10 control arm). Cytokine concentrations were measured in arterial and venous samples twice a day, as well as in microdialysis-extracted brain extracellular fluid (ECF) following pooling every 6 hours. C-reactive protein level (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), temperature and confirmed systemic clinical infection were used as systemic markers of inflammation. Principal component analyses, linear mixed-effect models, cross-correlations and multiple factor analyses were used.Results: The development of a systemic clinical infection results in an altered brain-ECF cytokine response (e.g. increase in G-CSF and decrease in PDGF-ABBB, p<0.05 respectively), even if adjusting for injury severity and demographic factors. rhIL1ra administration had a strong effect on the inflammatory response, independently altering different blood (n=6) and brain cytokine (n=3) levels. No substantial delayed temporal association between blood and brain compartments could be detected. Jugular and arterial blood held similar cytokine information content, but brain-ECF was markedly different. No clear arterial to jugular gradient could be seen.Conclusions: Systemic inflammation, and infection in particular, alters cerebral cytokine levels, and rhIL1ra administration potently affects both systemic and cerebral cytokine levels. Cerebral inflammatory monitoring provides independent information from arterial and jugular samples, which both demonstrate similar information content. These findings could present potential new treatment options in severe TBI patients, and stresses the need of adequate monitoring of inflammatory markers.
Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Ivermectin Versus Placebo to Negativize&nbsp;Nasopharyngeal PCR in Patients with Early COVID-19 in Peru (SAINT-Peru): A Structured&nbsp;Summary of a Study Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Patricia Jannet , Hurtado Hansel Mundaca , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , León Patricia , Malaga German , Chaccour Carlos , Carcamo Cesar Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The primary objective is to determine the effect of a daily dose of ivermectin administered in three consecutive days to non-severe COVID-19 patients with no more than 96 hours of symptoms, on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs at day seven post-treatment initiation.The secondary objectives are:1. To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal swab on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment initiation2. To assess the efficacy of ivermectin on the improvement of symptoms3. To assess the proportion of seroconversions at day 214. To assess the safety of ivermectin at the proposed dose5. To determine the magnitude of the immune response against SARS-CoV-26. To assess correlation of the presence of intestinal helminths on participants on baseline and day 14 with COVID-19 progression and treatment. Trial design: SAINT PERU is a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with two parallel arms to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in negativizing nasopharyngeal PCR in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Participants: The trial is conducted in two national hospitals in Lima-Peru. The study population is patients with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in a nasopharyngeal specimen, symptomatic for 96 hours or less, with non-severe COVID-19 disease at baseline, regardless of the presence of risk factors for progression to severity. The study will not include pregnant women or minors (17 years old or younger).
Molecular Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome-Related Novel Goose Parvovirus
Authors: Li Yonglin , Jia Jingyu , Mi Qingling , Li Yufeng , Gao Yuehua , Zhu Guoqiang , Wang Jianye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) emerged in cherry valley duck flocks in China in 2015, and novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) was proved to be the etiological agent of SBDS. To date, whether SBDS-related NGPV isolates possess common molecular characteristics remains unknown. In this study, three new NGPV strains (namely, SDHT16, SDJN19, and SDLC19) were isolated from diseased ducks showing typical SBDS and successfully passaged in embryonated goose or cherry valley duck embryo. The whole genomes of three NGPV strains shared 98.9%–99.7% homologies between each other but showed slightly lower homologies (95.2%–96.1%) with the classical GPV strains. A total of 16 common amino acid point mutations were produced in the VP1 proteins of six NGPV strains (SDHT16, SDJN19, SDLC19, QH, JS1, and SDLC01) compared with the classical Chinese GPV strains, among which nine amino acid sites were identical to the European GPV strain B. The non-structural protein Rep1 of the six NGPV strains generated 12 common amino acid mutations compared with the classical GPV strains. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Chinese NGPV strains clustered with the European SBDS-related NGPV strains, forming a separate branch, distinct from the group formed by the classical GPV strains. Taken together, the present study unveils the common molecular characteristics of the NGPV isolates and directs the conclusion that the Chinese NGPV isolates probably originate from a common ancestor with the European SBDS-related NGPV.
Nonlinear methods to quantify Movement Variability in Human-Humanoid Interaction Activities
Authors: Xochicale Miguel , Baber Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human movement variability arises from the process of mastering redundant (bio)mechanical degrees of freedom to successfully accomplish any given motor task where flexibility and stability of many possible joint combinations helps to adapt to environment conditions. While the analysis of movement of variability is becoming increasingly popular as a diagnostic tool or skill performance evaluation, there are remain challenges on applying the most appropriate methods. We therefore investigate nonlinear methods such as reconstructed state space (RSSs), uniform time-delay embedding, recurrence plots (RPs) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQAs) with real-world time-series data of wearable inertial sensors. That said, twenty healthy participants imitated vertical and horizontal arm movements in normal and faster velocity from an humanoid robot. We applied nonlinear methods to the collected data to found visual differences in the patterns of RSSs and RPs and statistical differences with RQAs. We conclude that Shannon Entropy with RQA is a robust method that helps to quantify activities, types of sensors, windows lengths and level of smoothness. Hence this work might enhance the development of better diagnostic tools for applications in rehabilitation and sport science for skill performance or new forms of human-humanoid interaction for quantification of movement adaptations and motor pathologies.
WITHDRAWN: Application of doped-titanate nanotubes in (1) the photodegradation of Tannic Acid, Methyl Orange and Malachite Green and (2) the inhibition of bacteria and fungus .
Authors: Bouayed Mounia-Aouicha , Ameur Nawal , Brahimi Fawzia Taieb , Nasr Samia , Bedrane Sumeya , Al-Shahri Badria M. , Ghouas Halima , Bachir Redouane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the photocatalytic properties of doped titanate nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal treatment using different metals: Ce, Fe, Zn and Zr at 2 wt% content. The textural and morphological properties of the nanopowders were determined by different analysis techniques such as: XRD, RD/UV–Vis, FTIR and TG-DTA. The results of the characterizations showed that nanotubes can be obtained with a hollow structure, and an important thermal stability of whatever element nature. However, the photocatalytic activity ends with the photodegradation under UV-Visible irradiation of the three industrial molecules: Malachite Green, Methyl Orange and Tannic Acid having different molecule charges. It was noted that the degradation rates of the order of 98% were obtained in fairly short times. The final results obtained revealed that the dopant nature and the solution pH play a major role in determining the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants using TiNTs. However the application of TiNTs and doped TiNTs show that these materials have an inhibitory power of fungi and bacteria quite important.
Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
Authors: Zamyadi Arash , Glover Caitlin M. , Yasir Attika , Stuetz Richard , Newcombe Gayle , Crosbie Nicholas D. , Lin Tsair-Fuh , Henderson Rita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in surface waters and their impact on drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) is a growing, global concern. The main objective of this paper was to assess the presence of cyanobacteria in surface water sources and associated cell removal efficiency in full-scale WTPs across the world. Previously unpublished data was collected from WTPs experiencing cyanobacterial blooms in either their managed surface waters or recreational waters. In total, data were collected from 31 surface water sources and 21 WTPs in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The most commonly detected species were identified in both the surface waters, including Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, and Planktolyngbya, and water treatment plant intakes, including Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Anabaena, Pseudanabaena, and Aphanizomenon. In the intakes, cyanotoxins and taste and odor (T&O) compounds frequently co-occurred (80%) as did multiple cyanotoxins (39%). Conventional treatment saw a wide range of removal depending on the density of cells, species, and metabolites. Although more than 28% of sampling events displayed negligible or even negative removals of metabolites or cells due to accumulation within the clarifier, filtration, or water recycling, the presence of multiple treatment barriers, particularly advanced treatments like granular activated carbon and nanofiltration, allowed for the cells and their metabolites of concern to be removed to below guideline values. During treatment, total microcystins were often removed without releasing their intracellular fraction, whereas cylindrospermopsin, geosmin, and 2-MIB were commonly detected as entirely extracellular at the plant's intake. The maximum tolerable cell (MTC) counts for cyanotoxin- or T&O-producing cells were calculated using guideline values, average removal efficiency, and the average cell quota derived from data. The 21 WTPs in this work were found to be able to tolerate approximately 74,000 cells/mL for microcystins, 8,000 cells/mL for cylindrospermopsin, and 1,200 cells/mL for geosmin and 2-MIB before exceeding guideline values. These levels provide guidance for water treatment plant operators to assess the potential risk associated with cells capable of producing cyanotoxins or T&O compounds.
Using geochemistry and environmental tracers to study shallow unconfined aquifer recharge and mineralization processes in the Yinchuan Plain, arid Northwest China
Authors: Gong YongFeng , Liu Xin , Ma Bin , Qi PengFei , Li Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Irrigation water extracted from the Yellow River plays a key role in water resource management in the Yinchuan Plain (YCP), arid Northwest China. Investigating the soluble matters (ion and gas) of groundwater provides information to explain the unconfined shallow aquifer recharge and groundwater mineralization processes after long-term flood irrigation activity. Environmental tracing with the elements, 2H, 18O, 3H, and CFCs, combining geochemistry using major ions and selected trace elements, was conducted for 43 water samples from September to October 2019 in the YCP. Evaporite and silicate weathering dominate the shallow unconfined groundwater geochemical compositions. Water–rock interactions control the mineralization characteristics regularly along the groundwater flow paths from the southwest toward the northeast. Stable isotopes suggest that Yellow River water and precipitation in winter and/or from Helan Mountainous area are the main recharge sources. The shallow unconfined aquifer mixed young (post-1940) and old (pre-1940) water with young water ratios from 53.1 to 73.5% inferred from the CFC concentrations and 3H activities. Water reinfiltrations extracted from the Yellow River and from the old groundwater are confirmed. Lateral flow recharge for the shallow unconfined aquifer is less indistinctive than that from the water re-infiltration in the plain areas.
Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to study the impact of climate change and other factors on rice production in South Korea
Authors: Nasrullah Muhammad , Rizwanullah Muhammad , Yu Xiuyuan , Jo Hyeonsoo , Sohail Muhammad Tayyab , Liang Lizhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of climate change, technology, and agricultural policy on rice production in South Korea. In the presence of a long-run relationship among variables, the results show that an increase in CO2 emissions increases rice production by 0.15%. The mean temperature raises rice production by 1.16%. The rainfall has an adverse impact on rice production which shows improper irrigation systems and weather forecasting reports. Similarly, for technical factors, the area under rice and fertilizer used in the study has a direct effect on rice production. The study suggests that the Korean government needs to implement new policies and acquire advanced technology for weather forecasting. The concerned authorities need to inform rice growers about future weather and climate changes. We recommend that Korea needs to provide virgin arable undivided land to deserving rice growers based on ownership and/or lease for future food security. Finally, the study recommends that legislators should recommend policies for sustainable food security with the introduction of new agricultural technologies and subsidies, along with the provision of new varieties of seeds that can absorb the adverse shock of climate change and ensure a suitable amount of food.
Assessment of combined sewer overflows impacts under flooding in coastal cities
Authors: Abbasi Helieh , Zeynolabedin Amin , Nabi Bidhendi Gholamreza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are among the most important infrastructures, especially in coastal cities with a risk of flooding. During intense floods, runoff volume may exceed the capacity of a WWTP causing plant failures. This paper investigates the impacts of flooding on combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a WWTP in New York City. The impacts of CSOs after flooding are classified into four categories of health, economic, social, and environmental factors. Different factors are defined to evaluate the impacts of CSOs using multi-criteria decision-making of Preference Ranking Organization Method For Enrichment Evaluation and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution. Since volume and depth were found to be the most significant factors for the CSO impact assessment, the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis model was run to compute flood depth and CSO volume under three treatment plant failure scenarios considering the Hurricane Sandy information. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen have the highest impacts on CSO. Uncertainty analysis was applied to investigate CSO impact variation. Results show that evaluating the impacts of CSOs in different aspects can help improve the efficiency of flood planning and management during storms.
Experimental study of the effect of horizontal screen diameter on hydraulic parameters of vertical drop
Authors: Daneshfaraz Rasoul , Ghaderi Amir , Di Francesco Silvia , Khajei Navid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe horizontal screen is one of the energy dissipater structures used on the brink of vertical drop. These structures increase the energy dissipation and the turbulence in the flow by causing air entrainment. In the present study, the effect of the diameter of the screen with constant porosity at three different diameters on the hydraulic parameters of the vertical drop was investigated. The experiments were performed in the relative critical depth range of 0.13 to 0.39. The results showed that by increasing the relative diameter of the horizontal screen, the relative wetting length and turbulence length increased, the residual energy remained constant and the pool depth decreased. Compared to the stilling basin, the horizontal screen significantly reduces turbulence length and residual energy. The results also showed that the application of horizontal screens at the brink of the drop, with and without a downstream rough bed, could be a suitable alternative for a stilling basin.
Hydraulic investigation of finite crested stepped spillways
Authors: Parsaie Abbas , Haghiabi AmirHamzeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the hydraulic properties of the finite-crested stepped spillway (FCSS) including discharge coefficient (Cd) and the ratio of energy dissipation (EDR) were experimentally investigated. Results indicated that the Cd of the FCSS changes between 0.9 and 1.2, while the ratio of the upstream head to the length of the crest (hup/Lc) changes between 0.25 and 1.8. The hup/Lc is the main parameter affecting the Cd. The value hup/Lc equal to 0.6 is a good criterion for designing the crest of the FCSS. At this point, the Cd of FCSS is about 1.0. The performance of FCSS regarding the EDR changes between 95 and 40 percent. By increasing the discharge of flow and skimming flow formation, the performance of the FCSS related to energy dissipation is dramatically decreased.