bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie erleben Migrantinnen mit Depression den Zugang zu Versorgung in
Deutschland? Eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Schwierigkeiten und
Wünschen Betroffener
Authors: Eidmann Christine , Siebenhofer Andrea , Güthlin Corina 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist es, mehr darüber zu erfahren,
wie Migrantinnen den Zugang zu Versorgung von Depression erleben und welche
Schwierigkeiten und Verbesserungswünsche sie haben.
Methodik Inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von zwölf
teilstrukturierten qualitativen Einzelinterviews mit Migrantinnen der ersten
Einwanderergeneration, die aufgrund von Depression in Deutschland behandelt
wurden.
Ergebnisse Schwierigkeiten beim Zugang zu Versorgung sind fehlendes
Wissen zu Depressionssymptomen und Behandlungsoptionen, der Umgang mit
Stigmatisierung und Vorurteilen, mangelnde Behandlungskoordination und Beratung
insbesondere beim Zugang zu ambulanter Psychotherapie, lange Wartezeiten sowie
Verständigungsschwierigkeiten. Betroffene wünschen sich
entstigmatisierende öffentliche Informationskampagnen zu Depression,
bessere Informations- und Beratungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten
sowie sprachliche Unterstützung insbesondere zu Beginn der
Behandlung.
Schlussfolgerung Beim Versorgungszugang von Migrantinnen mit Depression
besteht Verbesserungsbedarf. Die beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten sollten bei der
Planung von Versorgungsangeboten und bei der Behandlung von Patienten
stärker berücksichtigt werden.
StäB – Wie bewerten Patientinnen und Patienten die neue Behandlungsform?
Authors: Raschmann Svenja , Götz Eva , Hirschek Denis , Längle Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungVorliegende Arbeit präsentiert erste deskriptive Daten zu selbst eingeschätzter Behandlungszufriedenheit von 100 in 2 südwürttembergischen Kliniken behandelten Patientinnen und Patienten in Stationsäquivalenter Behandlung (StäB). Insgesamt zeichnete sich hohe Zufriedenheit ab. Der Zustimmungsgrad bezüglich erneuter Inanspruchnahme der StäB lag bei 88 % (SD = 26,1). Daneben zeigten sich Unterschiede in den Verteilungen der Gesamtzufriedenheitswerte differenziert nach Klinikstandort (Stadt, Land) und Hauptdiagnose.Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine hohe Akzeptanz bei Betroffenen hin und bilden, nach Etablierung dieser Behandlungsform in den letzten 3 Jahren, Ausgangspunkt und methodische Basis für eine umfassendere Evaluation der Behandlungszufriedenheit im Rahmen der AKtiV-Studie des Innovationsfonds 2020–2023.
The Role of Skeletal Muscles in Exertional Heat Stroke Pathophysiology
Authors: Laitano Orlando , Oki Kentaro , Leon Lisa R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe active participation of skeletal muscles is a unique characteristic of exertional heat stroke. Nevertheless, the only well-documented link between skeletal muscle activities and exertional heat stroke pathophysiology is the extensive muscle damage (e. g., rhabdomyolysis) and subsequent leakage of intramuscular content into the circulation of exertional heat stroke victims. Here, we will present and discuss rarely explored roles of skeletal muscles in the context of exertional heat stroke pathophysiology and recovery. This includes an overview of heat production that contributes to severe hyperthermia and the synthesis and secretion of bioactive molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines and acute phase proteins. These molecules can alter the overall inflammatory status from pro- to anti-inflammatory, affecting other organ systems and influencing recovery. The activation of innate immunity can determine whether a victim is ready to return to physical activity or experiences a prolonged convalescence. We also provide a brief discussion on whether heat acclimation can shift skeletal muscle secretory phenotype to prevent or aid recovery from exertional heat stroke. We conclude that skeletal muscles should be considered as a key organ system in exertional heat stroke pathophysiology.
Radical Cyclization of Olefinic Amides through α-C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Ketones under Catalyst-, Ligand-, and Base-Free Conditions
Authors: Ruan Yiping , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen-Ting , Qin Fu-Hua , Kang Qing-Qing , Zhang Jun-Yao , Hu Sen-Jie , Liu Yi , Zheng Hongxing , Fang Yi-Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new, efficient, and practical radical cyclization of olefinic amides with ketones through α-C(sp3)–H functionalization in the presence of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) is described for the first time. This protocol assembles a wide range of pivotal and useful benzoxazines in good to excellent yields under mild, catalyst-free, ligand-free, and base-free conditions with wide functional group tolerance. Moreover, the mechanistic study indicates that the α-carbonyl radical is involved in this transformation.
Manganese-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Wang Congyang , Liu Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic C–H addition of hydrocarbons to polar unsaturated bonds could intrinsically avoid prefunctionalization of substrates and formation of waste byproducts, thus featuring high step- and atom-economy. As the third most abundant transition metal, manganese-catalyzed C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds remains challenging, partially due to the difficulty in building a closed catalytic cycle of manganese. In the past few years, we have developed manganese catalysis to enable the sp2-hydrid C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds (e.g., imines, aldehydes, nitriles), which will be discussed in this personal account.1	Introduction2	Mn-Catalyzed N-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds3	Mn-Catalyzed O-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds4	Conclusion
Fibrinolysis in Patients with Liver Disease
Authors: von Meijenfeldt Fien A. , Lisman Ton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatients with liver disease acquire complex changes in their hemostatic system. Historically, these patients were considered to have a bleeding tendency related, in part, to a hyperfibrinolytic state. However, studies using more modern fibrinolysis tests have questioned the presence of a hyperfibrinolytic state in patients with liver disease and its association with bleeding risk. It may be that the sickest patients with liver disease do have fibrinolytic abnormalities. However, the debate on the fibrinolytic state of patients with (decompensated) cirrhosis or critically ill liver disease is complicated by the fact that hypo- and hyperfibrinolysis have been poorly defined. This could, in part, be explained by the lack of reliable tests that assess a patient's fibrinolytic status. Moreover, large clinical studies on the relationship between bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients with liver disease are scarce. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on fibrinolysis in various types of liver diseases and possible implications as a target for therapeutic strategies in liver disease. As antifibrinolytic therapy has been shown to be safe and effective during liver transplantation, it could potentially be of use in patients with (either laboratory-established or suspected) hyperfibrinolysis-related bleeding.
The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data
Authors: Walker Mark David , Sulyok Mihály 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's “Mobility Trends” (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists.
Objective The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany. Is a change in mobility apparent following COVID-19 and the implementation of social restrictions? Is there a relationship between mobility and COVID-19 occurrence in Germany?
Methods AMT data illustrates mobility levels throughout the epidemic, allowing the relationship between mobility and disease to be examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were established for Germany, with mobility categories, and date, as explanatory variables, and case numbers as response.
Results Clear reductions in mobility occurred following the implementation of movement restrictions. There was a negative correlation between mobility and confirmed case numbers. GAM using all three categories of mobility data accounted for case occurrence as well and was favorable (AIC or Akaike Information Criterion: 2504) to models using categories separately (AIC with “driving,” 2511. “transit,” 2513. “walking,” 2508).
Conclusion These results suggest an association between mobility and case occurrence. Further examination of the relationship between movement restrictions and COVID-19 transmission may be pertinent. The study shows how new sources of online data can be used to investigate problems in epidemiology.
Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Creatine Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Şimşek Sadullah , Hattapoğlu Salih , Ekici Faysal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCreatine deficiency syndromes are congenital metabolic diseases characterized by decreased cerebral creatine levels as a result of disorders in creatine synthesis and transport. Therefore, magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosis. This disease can be explained by congenital disorders occurring in three forms at different stages of the creatine metabolic pathway. Two of disorders arise autosomal recessively in creatine biosynthesis, arginine-glycine amidinotransferase, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase enzyme deficiency. The third disorder occurs as a result of an SLC6A8 variant in the form of creatine carrier protein deficiency. In this article, a patient with SLC6A8 carrier deficiency is presented.
SCN2A and Its Related Epileptic Phenotypes
Authors: Praticò Andrea D. , Giallongo Alessandro , Arrabito Marta , D'Amico Silvia , Gauci Maria Cristina , Lombardo Giulia , Polizzi Agata , Falsaperla Raffaele , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpilepsies due to SCN2A mutations can present with a broad range of phenotypes that are still not fully understood. Clinical characteristics of SNC2A-related epilepsy may vary from neonatal benign epilepsy to early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, including Ohtahara syndrome and West syndrome, and epileptic encephalopathies occurring at later ages (usually within the first 10 years of life). Some patient may present with intellectual disability and/or autism or movement disorders and without epilepsy. The heterogeneity of the phenotypes associated to such genetic mutations does not always allow the clinician to address his suspect on this gene. For this reason, diagnosis is usually made after a multiple gene panel examination through next generation sequencing (NGS) or after whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS). Subsequently, confirmation by Sanger sequencing can be obtained. Mutations in SCN2A are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Most individuals diagnosed with SCN2A–benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures (BFNIS) have an affected parent; however, hypothetically, a child may present SCN2A-BNFNIS as the result of a de novo pathogenic variant. Almost all individuals with SCN2A and severe epileptic encephalopathies have a de novo pathogenic variant. SNC2A-related epilepsies have not shown a clear genotype–phenotype correlation; in some cases, a same variant may lead to different presentations even within the same family and this could be due to other genetic factors or to environmental causes. There is no “standardized” treatment for SCN2A-related epilepsy, as it varies in relation to the clinical presentation and the phenotype of the patient, according to its own gene mutation. Treatment is based mainly on antiepileptic drugs, which include classic wide-spectrum drugs, such as valproic acid, levetiracetam, and lamotrigine. However, specific agents, which act directly modulating the sodium channels activity (phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbamazepine, lamotrigine, and zonisamide), have shown positive result, as other sodium channel blockers (lidocaine and mexiletine) or even other drugs with different targets (phenobarbital).
Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

B. diffusa is a fast-growing weed common in ruderal areas, agricultural land, and pastures. It has been listed as invasive in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Trinidad and Tobago, Hawaii, Japan and Cambodia where it is invading principally coastal and ruderal areas (Wagner et al., 1999; Mito and Uesugi, 2004; Zuloaga et al., 2008; PIER, 2015). The sticky fruits of the plant facilitate dispersal.
The effect of different resistance training protocols equalized by time under tension on the force‐position relationship after 10 weeks of training period
Authors: Martins‐Costa Hugo C. , Lanza Marcel B. , Diniz Rodrigo C. R. , Lacerda Lucas T. , Gomes Mateus C. , Lima Fernando V. , Chagas Mauro H. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the impact of performing two equalized resistance training (RT) protocols for 10 weeks that differ only by repetition duration and number in the force‐position and EMG‐position relationship. Participants performed an equalized (36 s of time under tension; 3–4 sets; 3 min between sets; 50–55% of one‐repetition maximum; 3× week) RT intervention on the bench press and the only different change between protocols was repetition number (RN; 12 vs.6) or duration (RD; 3 s vs. 6 s). Two experimental groups (RN12RD3, n = 12; and RN6RD6, n = 12) performed the RT, while one group was the control (Control, n = 11). Maximal isometric contractions at 10%, 50% and 90% of total bench press range of motion were performed pre‐ and post‐RT, while electromyography was recorded. It demonstrated an increase in isometric force (+14% to 24%, P < 0.001) shifting up the force‐position relationship of the training groups after RT, although no difference was between training groups compared to the Control. Neuromuscular activation from pectoralis major presented an increase after training for both RT groups (+44%; P < 0.001) compared to the Control. However, although not significantly different, triceps brachii also presented an increase depending on the protocol (+25%). In conclusion, 10 weeks of an equalized RT with longer RN and shorter RD (or opposite) similarly increases the ability to produce maximal isometric force during the bench exercise across different angles, while neuromuscular activation of the pectoralis major partially explained the shift‐up of the force‐position relationship after training.
Cultivation and Enabling Effects of Social Support and Self-Efficacy in Parent–Child Dyads
Authors: Banik Anna , Zarychta Karolina , Knoll Nina , Luszczynska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
There are two alternative mechanisms, elucidating the reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and social support when explaining health outcomes: self-efficacy beliefs may operate as the establisher of social support (the cultivation model) or social support may enable the formation of self-efficacy beliefs (the enabling model).

Purpose
In line with the cultivation hypothesis, it was tested if self-efficacy (measured in parents and children) would indirectly predict parental and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), via the mediator, social support (parent-provided, child-received). In line with the enabling hypothesis, it was tested if social support would predict MVPA indirectly, via the mediator, self-efficacy.

Methods
A total of 879 parent–child dyads (1758 individuals; 52.4% girls, aged 5–11 years old, 83.2% mothers) provided self-reports at the baseline (T1) and the 7- to 8-month follow-up (T2). Body weight and height were measured objectively. Manifest path analyses were performed, controlling for the baseline levels of the mediator and dependent variables.

Results
A similar number of significant simple indirect effects was found for the cultivation and the enabling model. Across the models, the indirect effects followed similar patterns: (a) within-individual indirect effects in children; (b) across-individual indirect effects, with the independent variable measured in children and the mediator/dependent variables measured in parents (e.g., child self-efficacy predicted parental support provision and, indirectly, parental MVPA); (c) across-individual indirect effects, accounting for self-efficacy and MVPA measured in children, combined with parental reports of social support.

Conclusions
The findings provide support for both cultivation and enabling models in the context of MVPA among parent–child dyads.
Phentolamine continuous infusion in a pediatric patient with uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Hatt Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A case of uncontrolled hypertension nonresponsive to traditional pharmacologic management in a pediatric patient with a ventricular assist device awaiting a heart transplant is reported.

Summary
A 4-month-old male in heart failure was experiencing uncontrolled hypertension. Because of a lack of hemodynamic stability, he was unable to be listed as a heart transplant candidate. He received multiple antihypertensive agents (calcium channel blockers, β-blockers, and direct-acting vasodilators) as both intermittent and continuous infusions over the course of several days without achieving normotension. The decision was then made to administer intravenous phentolamine as a continuous infusion to pursue a different mechanism than with traditional antihypertensive agents to achieve hemodynamic stability. Within 8 hours of initiation of the continuous phentolamine infusion, the patient became normotensive and was listed for a heart transplant. The continuous phentolamine infusion was administered over the next 4 days to maintain normotension, and on day 4 the patient underwent successful orthotopic heart transplantation.

Conclusion
A 4-month-old male in heart failure with a ventricular assist device, experiencing uncontrolled hypertension nonresponsive to traditional pharmacologic management, was successfully treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of phentolamine.
Implementation of a pharmacist-provided pharmacogenomics service in an executive health program
Authors: Liko Ina , Corbin Lisa , Tobin Eric , Aquilante Christina L , Lee Yee Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
We describe the implementation of a pharmacist-provided pharmacogenomics (PGx) service in an executive health program (EHP) at an academic medical center.

Summary
As interest in genomic testing grows, pharmacists have the opportunity to advance the use of PGx in EHPs, in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. In November 2018, a pharmacist-provided PGx service was established in the EHP at the University of Colorado Hospital. The team members included 3 physicians, a pharmacist trained in PGx, a registered dietitian/exercise physiologist, a nurse, and 2 medical assistants. We conducted 4 preimplementation steps: (1) assessment of the patient population, (2) selection of a PGx test, (3) establishment of a visit structure, and (4) selection of a billing model. The PGx consultations involved two 1-hour visits. The first visit encompassed pretest PGx education, review of the patient’s current medications and previous medication intolerances, and DNA sample collection for genotyping. After this visit, the pharmacist developed a therapeutic plan based on the PGx test results, discussed the results and plan with the physician, and created a personalized PGx report. At the second visit, the pharmacist reviewed the PGx test results, personalized the PGx report, and discussed the PGx-guided therapeutic plan with the patient. Overall, the strategy worked well; minor challenges included evaluation of gene-drug pairs with limited PGx evidence, communication of information to non-EHP providers, scheduling issues, and reimbursement.

Conclusion
The addition of a PGx service within an EHP was feasible and provided pharmacists the opportunity to lead PGx efforts and collaborate with physicians to expand the precision medicine footprint at an academic medical center.
Stereotype Threat and Neuropsychological Test Performance in the U.S. African American Population
Authors: Whaley Arthur L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
This cross-sectional study tested stereotype threat theory using the Modified-Symbol Digit Modalities Test (M-SDMT), a neurocognitive test, with the African American subsample (N = 3570) of the National Survey of American Life. The primary hypothesis is that those classified as experiencing stereotype threat will achieve the lowest scores.

Method
African American respondents who perceived race as a barrier to life goals and scored above the median in endorsement of negative racial stereotypes were classified as experiencing stereotype threat. M-SDMT scores were regressed on threat group classification with adjustments for gender, age, income, and education. Nonparametric test of the effect sizes for threat group classification versus demographic variables was also conducted.

Results
The stereotype threat group obtained statistically significantly lower M-SDMT scores than the no threat group. However, the stereotype threat effect became nonsignificant in regression analyses adjusted for demographic variables. The nonparametric test revealed a statistically significantly larger average effect size for demographic variables than threat group classification.

Conclusion
The relatively less influential role of stereotype threat than other biological and social factors limit its explanatory power for racial disparities in neuropsychological test performance among African Americans.
Deployment of the Ophthalmic and Facial Angiosomes in the Upper Nose Overlaying the Nasal Bones
Authors: Cai Bing , Yuan Rong , Zhu Guo-Zhang , Zhan Wen-Feng , Luo Cheng-En , Kong Xiang-Xue , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Nasal filler placement is associated with a high risk of blindness. The arterial supply to the upper nose overlaying the nasal bones is poorly understood.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to visualize and analyze the deployment of the ophthalmic and facial angiosomes in the upper nose to help prevent blindness following nasal filler injections.

Methods
The arterial systems of 62 cadaveric heads were filled with lead oxide contrast agent, and computed tomography (CT) images were acquired and reconstructed in 3 dimensions.

Results
Twenty-six of the cadaveric noses examined demonstrated clear CT images of the facial and ophthalmic angiosomes in the upper nose. The Type 1 upper nose (15.4%) is supplied by 2 independent ophthalmic angiosomes that communicate indirectly through a choke anastomosis. The Type 2 upper nose (38.5%) is supplied by 2 ophthalmic angiosomes with a true anastomosis between them. The Type 3 upper nose (46.1%) is supplied by both ophthalmic and facial angiosomes with true anastomoses across the dorsal midline. These true anastomoses are mediated by the radix arcade in 46% of the noses and involve the dorsal nasal artery in 65% of the cases. The anastomoses all cross the upper dorsal midline and are directly linked to the ophthalmic angiosome.

Conclusions
The deployment and anastomosis of the facial and ophthalmic angiosomes in the upper nose fall into 3 major patterns. About 85% of the noses have true anastomotic arteries that cross the upper dorsal midline and are directly linked to the ophthalmic circulation. Dorsum filler injection poses a significant risk of blindness.