bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally Adapted Psychoeducation among Family Caregivers of Schizophrenic Clients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rafiyah Imas , Suryani Suryani , Rahayuwati Laili , Suttharangsee Wandee 
Published: December 2021

Background: As psychoeducation was originally developed from Western, this intervention should be integrated with a culture to obtain effective outcomes. However, how culturally adapted psychoeducation on family caregivers of schizophrenic client developed in previous studies has not been systematically documented. The purpose of this review was to map culturally adapted psychoeducation in previous studies.

Methods: This scoping review followed Arksey & O'Malley approach. Inclusion criteria including family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia. Non-primary and non-experiment studies, non-English language and non-free articles were excluded. Advanced search technique used keywords family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia on CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases. Screening was done by checking duplication, title, and abstract. Full text of relevant articles was read in detail to select eligible articles. Selection results were described in the PRISMA flow chart. Data were analyzed after these were extracted and resumed on the table.

Result: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. More than half of articles used randomized control trial (RCT) but these studies did not conduct follow up. Most of studies were in Asia (6) and it conducted in the outpatient department (6). Almost all studies modified multifamily group psychoeducation with culture theories. The longest duration of intervention was 12 months. Multidiscipline health professional delivered the intervention and most of the were psychiatrist. Coping was the most family caregiver outcomes in reviewed studies.

Conclusion: In conclusion, limited studies were obtained in various ethnics and ways. Further studies need to measure effectiveness of the intervention in long term effect.
A Gateway Selection Mechanism for Internet-assisted MANETs
Authors: Le Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Tan Duy , Vu Quy Khanh 
Published: December 2021

Internet-assisted MANETs architecture is an emerging solution, strongly introduced in recent years. In fact, MANETs are self-configurable wireless network models for convenient communication between mobile nodes in the network. Because of simplicity, MANETs are applied in a series of domains to serve humanity, such as intelligent agriculture, intelligent transport system, and IoT ecosystem. To extend the ability of MANETs, the integration of Internet and MANETs to form Internet-assisted MANETs architecture was introduced in many studies. However, one of the biggest problems of this solution is how to choose the optimal Internet gateway. This study proposes a gateway selection mechanism based on parameters, including hop number and gateway traffic. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism, we compare the proposed solution with previous solutions. The simulation results demonstrated that our solution improved end-to-end delay, routing overload, and loss packet ratio compared to previous protocols.
Analysis and Design of Prototype Application of Caregivers’ Supportive System Phase 1 Alzheimer’s Based on a Design Thinking Process
Authors: Kongjit Chalermpon , Tuntisak Prem 
Published: December 2021

There are 7 million Alzheimer’s patients in Thailand, and 10% of people of 65 years of age or more are in the early stages of this pernicious disease. Alzheimer’s reduces the quality of daily life in several ways, as well as having a negative impact on the work performance of the patient’s family. Alzheimer's’ patients cannot receive proper care at home, despite the good intentions and efforts of family members, but this is the only option available to many families due to the cost of care in an external setting. The tendency for Alzheimer's patients to wander away from home and become lost is even more problematic for their families and this tendency is estimated to worsen as time goes by. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to alleviate the concern of families by preventing their loved ones who are suffering from Alzheimer's from wandering away from home and becoming lost by designing a prototype system that can track and monitor their movements.Design thinking was used in this research as a creative problem-solving approach to produce an application with the core functions of tracking and monitoring the movement of Alzheimer's patients. The application’s accuracy was validated by a scenario test, the results of which were discussed based on user feedback.
Relationship between increased serum & synovial fluid decorin levels & knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ozler Kenan 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
Decorin is a proteoglycan that plays a role in the binding of collagen and has an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This study was aimed to determine serum and synovial fluid decorin levels in patients with knee OA and to investigate whether these levels were associated with OA and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score.

Methods:
In this prospective study 88 participants were included (44 knee OA and 44 with other knee joint diseases) in the study and control groups. Knee function was assessed using the WOMAC score. The serum and synovial fluid decorin levels were analyzed using a human decorin ELISA. Binary logistic regression with a single and multi-categorical predictor was used to determine the possible risk factors for OA.

Results:
The serum decorin levels were significantly higher in the OA group than the control group (P<0.002). The synovial fluid decorin levels were not significantly different between OA and control groups. WOMAC score [odds ratio (OR)=1.073, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.032-1.116, P<0.001] and high serum decorin levels (OR=1.114, 95%CI: 1.030–1.205, P=0.007) were found to be significant in the determination of OA. Serum decorin levels were positively correlated with the WOMAC score in OA.

Interpretation & conclusions:
An increased serum decorin levels may be indicative of changes in extracellular matrix structure. The positive correlation between serum decorin level and WOMAC score supports this result. Increased serum decorin levels and WOMAC score were found to be risk factors associated with OA. However, the decorin level in the joint fluid was not associated with OA.
Role of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization as a prognostic marker
Authors: Shetty Dhanlaxmi , Jain Hemani , Rohil Yogita , Khattry Navin , Sengar Manju , Bagal Bhausaheb , Jain Hasmukh , Gokarn Anant , Punatar Sachin , Avinash Bonda Venkata Naga , Subramanian P.G. 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common forms of adult leukaemia, with a highly variable clinical course. Specific chromosomal and genetic aberrations are used clinically to predict prognosis, independent from conventional clinical markers. Molecular cytogenetic methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detect aberrations in up to 80 per cent B-CLL patients. This study was conducted to score the frequencies of recurrent aberrations, i.e., del(13q14), trisomy 12, del(11q22), del(17p13), del(6q21) and IgH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) translocations and to understand their role in prognostication and risk stratification.

Methods:
FISH studies were performed on bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood of 280 patients using commercially available disease-specific probe set. The data were correlated with clinical and haematological parameters such as low haemoglobin, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.

Results:
Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 79 per cent of patients, with del(13q14) (57%) as the most common cytogenetic aberration, followed by trisomy 12 (27%), del(11q22) (22%), t(14q32) (19%), del(17p13) (18%) and del(6q21) (9%). Single or in coexistence with other aberration del(13q14) had a favourable outcome in comparison to del(11q22), t(14q32), del(17p13) and del(6q21) which were associated with advanced stages of the disease. Trisomy 12 had a variable clinical course.

Interpretation & conclusions:
FISH was found to be a sensitive and efficient technique in detecting the prevalence of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. Each of these aberrations is an important independent predictor of disease progression and survival which aids in designing risk-adapted treatment strategies for better disease management.
Demographic & clinical profile of patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care hospital in north India
Authors: Soni Shiv Lal , Kajal Kamal , Yaddanapudi L.N. , Malhotra Pankaj , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Bhalla Ashish , Singh Mini P. , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Koushal Vipin , Varma Neelam , Biswal Manisha , Lakshmi P.V.M. , Sharma Sadhna , Suri Vikas , Deepy Z. , Ram Sant , Yadav Jaivinder , Pandey Navin , Sharma Prashant , Malik Nabhajit , Goyal Kapil , Mehra Aseem , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Mohindra Ritin , Francis Jijo , Bhargava Mudit , Singla Karan , Babu Preena , Verma Amiy , Khaire Niranjan Shiwaji , Guru R.R. 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a major public health emergency affecting the healthcare services all over the world. It is essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in different parts of our country. This study highlights clinical experience in managing patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in northern India.

Methods:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of consecutive adults patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital at Chandigarh, India, from April 1 to May 25, 2020 were studied. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat and/or nasopharyngeal swabs. All patients were managed according to the institute's consensus protocol and in accordance with Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines.

Results:
During the study period, 114 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted. The history of contact with COVID-19-affected individuals was available in 75 (65.8%) patients. The median age of the patients was 33.5 yr (13-79 yr), and there were 66 (58%) males. Of the total enrolled patients, 48 (42%) were symptomatic. The common presenting complaints were fever (37, 77%), cough (26, 54%) and shortness of breath (10, 20.8%). Nineteen (17%) patients had hypoxia (SpO2<94%) at presentation and 36 (31%) had tachypnoea (RR >24). Thirty four (29.8%) patients had an accompanying comorbid illness. Age more than 60 yr and presence of diabetes and hypertension were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was needed in 18 patients (52%), with three (2.6%) patients requiring assisted ventilation. Mortality of 2.6 per cent (3 patients) was observed.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Majority of the patients with COVID-19 infection presenting to our hospital were young and asymptomatic. Fever was noted only in three-fourth of the patients and respiratory symptoms in half of them. Patients with comorbidities were more vulnerable to complications. Triaged classification of patients and protocol-based treatment resulted in good outcomes and low case fatality.
Feasibility, efficiency & effectiveness of pooled sample testing strategy (pooled NAAT) for molecular testing of COVID-19
Authors: Prakash Shantanu , Prakash Om , Mishra Hricha , Khan Danish N. , Shukla Suruchi , Pandey Ajay , Rade Kiran , Gupta Nivedita , Bhatt M.L.B. , Jain Amita 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of clinical samples were tested by real-time PCR. Pooling the clinical samples before testing can be a good cost-saving and rapid alternative for screening large populations. The aim of this study was to compare the performance characteristics, feasibility and effectiveness of pooling nasal swab and throat swab samples for screening and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
The pool testing was applied on a set of samples coming from low COVID-19 positivity areas. A total of 2410 samples were tested in pools of five samples each. A total of five pools of five samples each were generated and tested for E gene.

Results:
Of the total of 482 pools (2410 samples) 24 pools flagged positive. Later on pool de-convolution, a total of 26 samples were detected as positive for COVID-19, leading to positivity of about one per cent in the test population. For the diagnosis of individual samples, the pooling strategies resulted in cost savings of 75 per cent (5 samples per pool).

Interpretation & conclusions:
It was observed that testing samples for COVID-19 by reverse transcription (RT)- PCR after pooling could be a cost-effective method which would save both in manpower and cost especially for resource-poor countries and at a time when test kits were short in supply.
Performance evaluation of Truenat™ Beta CoV & Truenat™ SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care assays for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Basawarajappa Shantala Gowdara , Rangaiah Ambica , Padukone Shashiraja , Yadav Pragya D. , Gupta Nivedita , Shankar Sathyanarayan Muthur 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
The rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a significant step towards the containment of the virus. The surge of COVID-19 cases in India and across the globe necessitates a rapid and sensitive molecular assay. Rapid point-of-care (PoC) assays (Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 assays) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 have been developed which are expected to shorten the turnaround time of reporting of results and also can be used for field investigations of COVID-19. The objectives of the study were to validate the performance of Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 PoC assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases with reference to analytical sensitivity, precision/inter-machine variation, clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity.

Methods:
The rapid PoC screening and confirmatory assays were prospectively validated at the State Level Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, under technical supervision by the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), Pune. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was considered as the reference standard against which the rapid assays were validated for all samples tested based on analytical sensitivity, precision/inter-machine variation, clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity.

Results:
Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 assays showed concordant results when compared with the reference standard rRT-PCR. These PoC assays exhibited 100 per cent sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 assays showed concordance with the reference standard assay and may be recommended for screening and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in the field settings.
Primary pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma: An elusive and a rare diagnostic entity
Authors: Pasricha Sunil , Jajodia Ankush , Sharma Anila , Bansal Divya , Batra Ullas , Gupta Gurudutt , Durga Garima , Kamboj Meenakshi , Nathany Shrinidhi , Mehta Anurag 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma is a poorly differentiated tumor, is more common in midline anatomic sites, and involves young adults and children mainly. Primary pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and poorly defined entity in the prevailing literature. Being a highly aggressive and fatal neoplasm, it gets incumbent for the oncologists and the pathologists to be aware of this entity as it holds distinct management protocol and prognosis. Currently, BET inhibitors (BETi) and histone deactylase inhibitors have shown promising results as targeted therapies in clinical trials in head and neck NMC. We present a case report of NMC of primary pulmonary location in a young male with widespread bony metastasis.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding awareness of biomedical waste management among health care professionals in a tertiary care center in Patna
Authors: Kumar Ranveer , Sinha Richa 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:
Effective management of biomedical waste (BMW) is of paramount importance to avoid health hazards to care providers. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of bio-medical waste management among the health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary care center in North India.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey with closed-ended questions between June 2019 and October 2019.

Results:
Among 306 participants, 35% (107) were doctors, 52% (159) were nursing staff, 10% (31), and 3.26% (10) were laboratory technicians and cleaning staff, respectively. While >95% of doctors and nursing staff were aware of the BMW management, biohazard risks, categorization of waste, and personal protective measures, 55% of cleaning staff had not even heard about it. Less than half of the sanitation workers who segregate and transport the BMW were aware about the disinfection process (33%), transmission of HIV (44%), and permanent disposal of BMW (33%).

Conclusion:
Disparity in awareness about BMW management exists among HCWs. The sanitation staffs who handle the maximum amount of BMW are the most ignorant. Frequent surveillance and focused teaching sessions may help to improve the knowledge of HCWs and inculcate healthy practice.
Abdominopelvic mass in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Kumari Satya , Rani Jyotsna , Abhilashi Kavya , Pankaj Sangeeta , Choudhary Vijayanand , Kumar Pravin 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The present study aimed to review the clinicopathologic profile of adolescent and young adult patients of abdominopelvic lump.

Materials and Methods:
The hospital records of the patients of age 10-29 years who underwent surgical intervention for suspected ovarian tumor at gynecological oncology department in a tertiary hospital were searched retrospectively for demographic characteristics, clinical findings, range of tumor markers, the surgical procedure patients underwent, and the histopathological findings of adnexal masses. The duration of the study was of 18 months (from August 2019 to February 2021).

Result:
During this period, 27 patients of age 10–29 years with abdominopelvic mass were operated. Out of 27, 14 patients had malignant ovarian mass and 13 were of benign nature. However, 3 patients had tumor of nonovarian origin. In the study, immature teratoma ranked first among malignant tumor, while inflammatory pathology was dominant in the list of benign adnexal tumor. There was a fair correlation between tumor markers and histopathological characteristics of the tumors.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and optimal management of adnexal masses in adolescents and young adult females for better outcomes. Fertility - sparing surgeries should be considered in indicated cases.
Impact of Temperature and Rainfall on Typhoid/Paratyphoid Fever in Taizhou, China: Effect Estimation and Vulnerable Group Identification
Authors: Gao Qi , Liu Zhidong , Xiang Jianjun , Zhang Ying , Tong Michael Xiaoliang , Wang Shuzi , Zhang Yiwen , Liu Qiyong , Jiang Baofa , Bi Peng 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
The impact of temperature and rainfall on the occurrence of typhoid/paratyphoid fever are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the effect of daily ambient temperature and total rainfall on the incidence of typhoid/paratyphoid in a sub-tropical climate city of China and to identify the vulnerable groups for disease prevention. Daily notified typhoid/paratyphoid fever cases and meteorological data for Taizhou from 2005 to 2013 were extracted from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System and the Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, respectively. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to quantify the association between daily mean temperature, total rainfall, and typhoid/paratyphoid fever. Subgroup analyses by gender, age, and occupation were conducted to identify the vulnerable groups. A total of 625 typhoid fever cases and 1,353 paratyphoid fever cases were reported during the study period. An increased risk of typhoid fever was detected with the increase of temperature (Each 2°C rise resulted in 6%, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 2–10% increase in typhoid cases), while the increased risk was associated with the higher temperature for paratyphoid (the highest cumulative risk of temperature was 33.40 [95% CI: 12.23–91.19] at 33°C). After the onset of mild precipitation, the relative risk of typhoid fever increased in a short-lasting and with a 13–26 days delay, and the risk was no significant after the continuous increase of precipitation (the highest cumulative risk of rainfall was 24.96 [95% CI: 4.54–87.21] at 100 mm). Whereas the risk of paratyphoid fever was immediate and long lasting, and increase rapidly with the increase of rainfall (each 100 mm increase was associated with 26% increase in paratyphoid fever cases). Significant temperature-typhoid/paratyphoid fever and rainfall-typhoid/paratyphoid fever associations were found in both genders and those aged 0–4 years old, 15–60 years old, farmers, and children. Characterized with a lagged, nonlinear, and cumulative effect, high temperature and rainfall could increase the risk of typhoid/paratyphoid fever in regions with a subtropical climate. Public health interventions such as early warning and community health education should be taken to prevent the increased risk of typhoid/paratyphoid fever, especially for the vulnerable groups.
Healthcare Seeking and Access to Care for Pneumonia, Sepsis, Meningitis, and Malaria in Rural Gambia
Authors: Hossain Ilias , Hill Philip , Bottomley Christian , Jasseh Momodou , Bojang Kalifa , Kaira Markieu , Sankareh Alhagie , Sarwar Golam , Greenwood Brian , Howie Stephen , Mackenzie Grant 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
Children with acute infectious diseases may not present to health facilities, particularly in low-income countries. We investigated healthcare seeking using a cross-sectional community survey, health facility-based exit interviews, and interviews with customers of private pharmacies in 2014 in Upper River Region (URR) The Gambia, within the Basse Health & Demographic Surveillance System. We estimated access to care using surveillance data from 2008 to 2017 calculating disease incidence versus distance to the nearest health facility. In the facility-based survey, children and adult patients sought care initially at a pharmacy (27.9% and 16.7% respectively), from a relative (23.1% and 28.6%), at a local shop or market (13.5% and 16.7%), and on less than 5% of occasions with a community-based health worker, private clinic, or traditional healer. In the community survey, recent symptoms of pneumonia or sepsis (15% and 1.5%) or malaria (10% and 4.6%) were common in children and adults. Rates of reported healthcare-seeking were high with families of children favoring health facilities and adults favoring pharmacies. In the pharmacy survey, 47.2% of children and 30.4% of adults had sought care from health facilities before visiting the pharmacy. Incidence of childhood disease declined with increasing distance of the household from the nearest health facility with access to care ratios of 0.75 for outpatient pneumonia, 0.82 for hospitalized pneumonia, 0.87 for bacterial sepsis, and 0.92 for bacterial meningitis. In rural Gambia, patients frequently seek initial care at pharmacies and informal drug-sellers rather than community-based health workers. Surveillance underestimates disease incidence by 8–25%.