bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Set for Reporting Carcinoma of the Stomach in Gastrectomy
Authors: Shi Chanjuan , Badgwell Brian D. , Grabsch Heike I. , Gibson Michael K. , Hong Seung-Mo , Kumarasinghe Priyanthi , Lam Alfred K. , Lauwers Gregory , O'Donovan Maria , van der Post Rachel S. , Tang Laura , Ushiku Tetsuo , Vieth Michael , Selinger Christina I. , Webster; Fleur , Nagtegaal Iris D. 
Published: December 2021

Context.—
A standardized detailed surgical pathology report is the cornerstone of gastric cancer management.

Objective.—
To guide management and prognostication for patients with gastric carcinomas globally, the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting aimed to produce an evidence-based international pathology reporting data set with a panel of globally recognized expert pathologists and clinicians.

Design.—
Based on published guidelines/data sets for gastric carcinomas, a working draft was developed by the chair of the expert panel of pathologists and clinicians. The draft was then circulated to the panel and discussed in a series of teleconferences and email communications until consensus was achieved. The draft data set was uploaded on the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Web site for public comment. The data set was reviewed in consideration of the feedback, and a final version was approved by the panel.

Results.—
This data set was developed for gastrectomy specimens for primary gastric carcinomas, including neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, nonepithelial malignancies, and secondary tumors were excluded from this data set. The final data set contains 15 core (required) elements and 8 noncore (recommended) elements. A commentary is provided for each element.

Conclusions.—
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting has published freely available, evidence-based data sets for gastric cancer reporting. Standardized reporting has been shown to improve patient care and facilitates data exchange and analysis for quality assurance, cancer epidemiology, and clinical and basic research.
Endophytic fungal association in roots of exotic medicinal plants cultivated in the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, Peninsular India
Authors: Bharathy Nagarajan , Sowmiya Srinivasan , Karthik Shanmugam , Koshila Ravi Ravichandran , Balachandar Mayakrishnan , Muthukumar Thangavelu 
Published: December 2021

Algunos microbios beneficiosos para el suelo ayudan en el establecimiento y crecimiento de plantas medicinales exóticas. Por lo tanto, evaluamos la presencia y el estado de la asociación de endófitos de raíces [hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (AM) y hongos endofíticos septados oscuros (DSE)] en diez especies de plantas medicinales exóticas cultivadas en Nilgiris de los Ghats occidentales. El alcance de las variables endófitas de hongos y las características del pelo de la raíz difirieron significativamente entre las plantas medicinales. Se identificaron seis morfotipos de esporas de hongos AM en las muestras de suelo. Por lo tanto, este estudio indicó la asociación de plantas medicinales exóticas con hongos nativos AM y DSE que podrían explotarse para promover el crecimiento y aumentar la producción de metabolitos secundarios en estas especies de plantas.
Some soil beneficial microbes help in the establishment and growth of exotic medicinal plants. Therefore, we evaluated the presence and status of root endophyte [arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi] association in ten exotic medicinal plant species cultivated in the Nilgiris of the Western Ghats. The AM fungi colonized all the examined plant species and eight plants had the co-occurrence of DSE fungi. The extent of fungal endophyte variables and root hair characteristics significantly differed among the medicinal plants. Six AM fungal spore morphotypes were identified in the soil samples. Thus, this study indicated the association of exotic medicinal plants with native AM and DSE fungi which could be exploited to promote growth and increase secondary metabolite production in these plant species.
MÉTODOS DE REALIZACIÓN ESPIRITUAL EN EL SUFISMO
Authors: Ventura Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Resumen: A diferencia de otras formas de conocimiento que conforman las disciplinas del saber de la tradición islámica, el sufismo no se limita a la especulación teórica, sino que comprende una serie de métodos rigurosos de realización interior, en tanto que vía iniciática. El más conocido de estos métodos es el ḏikr, la repetición o invocación de los Nombres Divinos, práctica que puede ir acompañada de una diversidad de ejercicios contemplativos, que pueden incluir el control de la respiración, posturas corporales y la meditación por medio de visualizaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar con cierto grado de minuciosidad los aspectos más relevantes de estas prácticas, y muy particularmente la noción de murāqaba o contemplación, considerada por algunas escuelas de sufismo como la forma más directa y eficaz de realizar el conocimiento de lo divino.
Abstract: In contrast to the array of intellectual disciplines within traditional Islam, the Sufi path of knowledge is not limited to mere theoretical speculation. Rather, it entails a series of rigorous methods of inner realisation as part of its iniciatic teachings. Among these, the most effective and known methods is ḏikr, the invocation or remembrance of the Divine Names, a method of spiritual realisation that often goes hand in hand with various meditative practices that include breath control, specific body postures and visualizations. This article aims at exploring, with a certain degree of detail, the most relevant aspects pertaining to these practices, and in particular the notion of murāqaba – or contemplation – deemed by some school of Sufism as the most direct and effective way to reach the Divine.
Abstract: In contrast to the array of intellectual disciplines within traditional Islam, the Sufi path of knowledge is not limited to mere theoretical speculation. Rather, it entails a series of rigorous methods of inner realisation as part of its iniciatic teachings. Among these, the most effective and known methods is ḏikr, the invocation or remembrance of the Divine Names, a method of spiritual realisation that often goes hand in hand with various meditative practices that include breath control, specific body postures and visualizations. This article aims at exploring, with a certain degree of detail, the most relevant aspects pertaining to these practices, and in particular the notion of murāqaba – or contemplation – deemed by some school of Sufism as the most direct and effective way to reach the Divine.
La evaluacion docente en Anatomía Humana en enseñanzas remotas de emergencia
Authors: García Barrios Alberto , Cisneros Gimeno Ana Isabel , Lamiquiz Moneo Itziar , Whyte Orozco Jaime 
Published: December 2021

El objetivo planteado en este estudio fue doble, evaluar la satisfacción del alumnado a realizar evaluación online, y las diferencias en esta según se realizase en casa o en el aula. El diseño y metodología se planteó mediante encuestas de satisfacción del tipo de evaluación y un análisis estadístico para valorar las diferencias en los resultados de esta según lugar de realización. La valoración del alumnado no muestra unanimidad (53%) en considerar la evaluación online como un buen método de evaluación, aunque el 67% y el 90% (según curso y asignatura) usaría herramientas digitales para evaluar presencialmente. La reducción del tiempo y la conexión, son los principales inconvenientes valorados. Los resultados de la evaluación global no muestran cambios según sea presencial o a distancia. Por lo tanto, consideramos que la utilización de nuevas tecnologías para evaluar ha sido bien aceptada por los alumnos y por el profesorado, y no se observan resultados dispares realizándose presencial o a distancia.
The objective of the study was twofold: to evaluate student satisfaction with the online assessment, and the differences in this assessment according to whether it was carried out at home or in the classroom. The design and methodology were based on satisfaction surveys of the type of evaluation and a statistical analysis to assess the differences in the results according to the place where the evaluation was carried out. The students' evaluation does not show unanimity (53%) in considering online evaluation as a good evaluation method, although 67% and 90% (depending on the course and subject) would use digital tools to evaluate face-to-face. The reduction of time and connection are the main disadvantages valued. The results of the global evaluation do not show changes depending on whether it is face-to-face or distance. Therefore, we consider that the use of new technologies for evaluation has been well accepted by students and teachers, and no different results are observed for face-to-face or distance learning.
ELASMOSÁURIDOS (PLESIOSAURIA) DEL CRETÁCICOTÁRDIO DEL NORTE DE PATAGONIA
Authors: Gasparini Zulma Nélida , Salgado Leonardo 
Published: December 2021

Se describe nuevo material de plesiosaurios del Cretácico Tardío del noroeste de Patagonia. Algunos caracteres (cresta lateral en las cervicales, y la barra pelvica) indican que corresponden a Elasmosauridae, un grupo de plesiosauroideos cuyos miembros derivados eran cosmopolitas en el Cretacico Tardío. Los nuevos especímenes ha llados en Lago Pellegrini, Río Negro, en rocas del Campaniense Tardio-Maastrichtiense Temprano, revelan que Trinacromerum lafquenianum Gasparini y Goñi, 1985, no es un taxón válido y que no pertenece a los Polycotylidaesino a los Elasmosauridae. Algunos caracteres morfológicos e histológicos de los huesos pelvicos sugieren que todos los ejemplares son subadultos. El ambiente de depósito es un estuario que corresponde al extremo noroeste de una extensa transgresión atlántica que cubrió gran parte de Patagonia.
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness with Left Atrial Size and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Abd ElSalam Ahmed M. , M. Allaithy Amany , Elsaedy Mona , Said Ekram Sadek 
Published: December 2021

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with detrimental consequences. Epicardial fat is consistently associated with the presence, severity, and recurrence of AF.
Aim: The aim of the work was to investigate the association of epicardial adipose tissue thickness with left atrial size in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 25 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and 25 subjects with normal sinus rhythm as a control group matched in body weight. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiogram. EAT (epicardial adipose tissue) thickness was measured on the right ventricular free wall of the two- dimensional parasternal long-axis view at end systole.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in waist circumference, EAT (epicardial adipose tissue) thickness, left atrium diameter, LA volume. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that an EAT thickness of > 0.30 cm maximizes the sensitivity and specificity to predict the development of AF.
Conclusion: Increases epicardial adipose tissue is associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Outcome of Tuberculosis Case Surveillance at Kano Central Correctional Center, North-west Nigeria: A Need for Routine Active Case Findings for TB in Nigerian Correctional Centers
Authors: Tukur M. , Odume B. , Bajehson M. , Dimpka C. , Useni S. , Ogbudebe C. , Chukwuogo O. , Nwokoye N. , Dim C. , Nongo D. , Eneogu R. , Odusote T. , Oyelaran O. , Umar I. , Anyaike C. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To demonstrate the need for routine active TB case finding in Nigerian correctional centers through a TB case surveillance intervention at the largest correctional centre in the most populous state in Nigeria by KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Nigeria.
Study Design: It was a retrospective review of public health intervention data derived from the mass TB screening of Kano central correctional centre inmates in Kano state, Nigeria. Methodology: A digital X-ray with artificial intelligence (AI) was used for mass TB screening of 1,967 consenting inmates at the Kano central correctional centre in Kano state, Nigeria, from 21st September to 2nd October 2020. Participants with CAD4TB score ≥ 60 had a GeneXpert assessment of their sputa for TB diagnosis. Where sputum production was not possible, or GeneXpert result was negative, expert clinical evaluation of the presumptive radiogram was carried out by experienced radiologist. Data from the project were extracted and analysed for this report. Proportions and means were compared with Fisher Exact test and Student t-test, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 1,967 inmates were screened for TB and 92 (4.7%) presumptive were identified - males (4.8%, 91/92), females (1.9%, 1/92). Out of the 92 presumptive, 21 males were diagnosed as TB cases giving a TB prevalence of 1.1% among the inmates and 22.8% among presumptive. One of the TB cases had multi-drug resistant TB. The number needed to screen (NNS) was 94. All TB cases were enrolled in treatment.
Conclusion: The prevalence of TB at the Kano central correctional centre during the mass TB screening project was high. The National Tuberculosis Control Programme of Nigeria should accelerate the planned paradigm shift from passive to active case-finding for TB in Nigerian correctional centers.
Anti – Androgenic Activity of Caesalpinia bonducella in Androgen-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats
Authors: Sumithra M. , Chitra V. , Moka Murali Krishna , Padaleeswaran . , Ahamed Safeeq 
Published: December 2021

Aim: Our goal was to use the androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) Testosterone Propionate (TP) to create a novel animal model to study polycystic ovaries.
Materials and Methods: Thirty albino female Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250 g were split into five groups with six rats in each group. Group I was treated as standard control, Group II was treated as the PCOS induced group, Group III was treated as a standard group, Clomiphene citrate (20 mg per kg body weight), intraperitoneally (I.P) along with a 4 mg TP injection intramuscularly (I.M) in an oily solution, Group IV was treatment control group treated with a hydro-alcoholic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (CBHAE) at a dose of 200 mg per kg body weight. Group V was given CBHAE at 400 mg per kg of body weight. Blood collected from animals examined for hormonal parameters and ovaries is subjected to histopathological studies.
Results: There was a fall in testosterone volume and an increase in the efflux of female hormone constituents, which improved the ovarian development and helped to regulate menses.
Conclusion: Significantly lower levels of Testosterone were produced as a result of the extract, which also showed superior anti-androgenic properties. However, additional intervention is recommended in order to investigate the therapeutic effect of Caesalpinia bonducella seed in further detail.
A Newly Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Mediated Phytomedicine from Linum usitatissimum for Dental Caries
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari P. , Vinoba P. , Prabhu N. , Singh M. Vijay Pradhap , Rajamehala M. , Archana A. 
Published: December 2021

The present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract of Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) with ethanol as solvent and examined for anticariogenic activity using disc diffusion method along with antioxidant activity using DPPH scavenging studies. The ethanolic seed extract revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, counarins, anthocyanins, carbohydrates, leucoanthocyanin and xanthoproteins. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by FTIR to confirm the functional group involved in reduction of Ag+ ions, SEM to know the morphology of synthesized nanoparticles and XRD to study the crystallographic structure of nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of synthesized AgNPs showed that the maximum inhibition of 88.88% for the seed-AgNPs and compared with the standard ascorbic acid (90.74%) was observed at concentration (100 µg/ml). The anticariogenic activity of synthesized AgNPs using the seed of Linum usitatissimum showed the maximum zone of inhibition for Streptococcus salivarius with the radius of 12 mm at a higher concentration of 100 µg/ml. Therefore, it is proposed that the synthesized seed-AgNPs played the efficient role against the antioxidant activity and forms the potential source for anticariogenic activity in dental caries application.
Saúde e população LGBTQIA+:
Authors: Gouvêa Luciana Ferrari , Souza Leonardo Lemos de 
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar aspectos relevantes do SUS, da saúde da população LGBTQIA+ e discutir a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSI-LGBT[1]), instituída em 2011 pela Portaria nº 2.836, com o objetivo de promover a saúde integral dessa população, na tentativa de eliminar o preconceito e reduzir as desigualdades no atendimento à saúde. Utilizaremos como ferramenta metodológica a Genealogia Cartográfica (LEMOS et al, 2015), a qual sugere a aproximação e complementaridade dos conceitos de genealogia e cartografia propostos, respectivamente, por Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, com a intenção de trabalharmos com novas maneiras de se fazer pesquisa em Psicologia e outros saberes. Faz-se necessário o acolhimento desta população nos serviços de saúde de modo a propiciar maiores vínculos de acesso, legitimação da aplicabilidade da PNSI-LGBT e pela luta da garantia de direitos a saúde integral, bem como atendimento igualitário para os LGBTQIA+[2].[1] Para facilitar a leitura, utilizaremos a sigla PNSI-LGBT para referenciar a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais.[2] No momento da elaboração e efetivação da referida Política, o termo LGBTQIA+ não era comumente utilizado. Utilizaremos o termo LGBT (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais) quando nos referirmos ao nome da Política. Nas demais referências utilizaremos o termo LGBTIQIA+ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais, Intersexos, Queer, Assexuais e outros) para contemplar as diversas orientações sexuais e identidades de gênero.
Steroids
Authors: Acebedo Sofía L. , Ramírez Javier A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSteroids are a unique family of tetracyclic terpenoids that fulfill multiple functions vital to metazoan life. From unicellular fungi to higher plants and mammals, all eukaryotes depend on steroids to orchestrate multiple aspects of their growth, development, and reproduction. The wide array of biological activity of naturally occurring steroids has been exploited in developing therapeutic agents such as antihormones, anesthetics, immunomodulators, contraceptives, and antitumor agents. Nowadays, steroid pharmaceuticals are placed among the most marketed medical products and represent the second largest category next to antibiotics. Therefore, several industrial syntheses were developed for the efficient manufacture of structurally and stereochemically complex pharmaceuticals.
Particle Impact Electrochemistry
Authors: Alpuche‐Aviles Mario A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experiments involving collisions between a single entity and the electrode surface have become an active area of research. The electrochemical contribution of individual nanoparticles (NPs), enzymes, and other entities, such as aggregates or agglomerates, can be determined using particle impact experiments. Destructive nanoimpact experiments of materials, such as Ag, and the electrocatalytic amplification (ECA) are used to detect the NP/electrode interactions. This review covers the seminal work, critical theoretical studies, and some recent applications. The applications to electrocatalysis include measurements of electron transfer rate constants on individual nanoparticles. Applications in analytical chemistry have allowed the detection of nonelectroactive species by detecting the collisions of soft materials, e.g. micellar suspensions and proteins have increased the technique's analytical possibilities. With ECA, NPs can be used as tags for the electrochemical detection of bioanalytes such as DNA, proteins, and liposomes. The theory of ECA collisions, including frequency of collision and the size of the electrochemical current transients, are also covered. For nanoimpacts, the charge measured during a NP electrolysis, such as Ag NP, is used to detect the NP. Measurements of NP diameter are possible, but limitations to this analysis are covered. The electron transfer studies to the electrolysis of Ag and of metal oxides are discussed. Finally, key experimental instrumentations are discussed, including instrumentation techniques for the small currents inherent to single NP measurement. The effect of filtering, instrumentations rise time, and sampling frequency are also covered.
Electrochemical Wearable Devices
Authors: Lee Bang Hyun , Daniele Michael A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the rapid emergence of mobile devices and telemedicine, electrochemical wearable devices capable of detecting and monitoring specific biomarkers in a noninvasively and timely manner have attracted huge attention across various applications. They offer distinctive possibilities for a personalized healthcare monitoring system by detecting and keeping track of target molecules in different biofluids with high specificity and sensitivity via versatile sensing platforms. This entry in the Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry reviews recent advances and developments of the electrochemical wearable device and provides a survey of basic sensing principles and target sampling methodologies. Major and minor obstacles that still exist in the commercialization of this sensing platform will also be covered at the end of this article. With continued tactical innovation and attention to critical challenges, such electrochemical wearable devices are expected to pave the way for the realization of distributed on‐body sensors in a variety of application areas.
Single‐Solution Doping Enabling Dominant Integer Charge Transfer for Synergistically Improved Carrier Concentration and Mobility in Donor–Acceptor Polymers
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Zhen , Song Jian , Chai Haoyu , Wu Lili , Chen Lidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChemical doping of donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. The crucial challenge remains to synergistically improve the carrier concentration and mobility of these polymers via a single solution doping method. Here, a D–A polymer, Pg32T‐OTz is designed and synthesized, containing a weak‐acceptor–strong‐donor backbone with nonpolar (alkoxy) and polar (ethylene glycol) side chains. Pure integer charge transfer (ICT) is shown to occur in 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ)‐doped D–A polymer at a low doping level. It is shown that the ordered edge‐on orientations of ICT structures overcome the Coulomb interactions and endow a long‐range hole delocalization, while few charge transfer complex states form in amorphous regions and bridge the crystalline ICT structures at high doping level, creating a network that sustains efficient charge transport. As a result, simultaneously high carrier concentration and high mobility are realized for F4TCNQ‐doped Pg32T‐OTz and thus a high electrical conductivity up to 550 S cm−1 is approached, which is the highest value among any doped polymers via a single‐solution doping process. This work demonstrates that the modulation of the acceptor strength combined with side‐chain engineering is an effective molecular design strategy to promote both the doping efficiency and carrier transport property of D–A polymers.