bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income inequality among agricultural households in India: A regression‐based decomposition analysis
Authors: Das Raya , Srivastava Ravi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article assesses the nexus between land and income inequality among agricultural households in rural India based on a national survey of farmers. The study also assesses the contribution of other sources of income to this inequality. At the onset, we estimate the extent of land and income inequality using the Gini coefficient, Palma ratio, and quantile distribution. Further, we examine the effects of income components and sociodemographic, production theory‐related, and geographic variables on total income inequality among agricultural households at the national level using regression‐based inequality decomposition (RBID) analysis of income function. The evidence indicates that both land and income inequality are the maximum in the agriculturally developed states. The results of RBID show that land size explains the highest share of income inequality among agricultural households, followed by crop productivity at the household level. The analysis further statistically validates that the share of wage and livestock income has an inverse relationship with total inequality among agricultural households. These results provide firm empirical evidence to assess policies suggested to increase alternative sources of income among land‐poor petty producers.
A review of green remediation strategies for heavy metal contaminated soil
Authors: Wang Liuwei , Rinklebe Jörg , Tack Filip M. G. , Hou Deyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeavy metals and metalloids can accumulate in soil, with potentially toxic effects to human health and ecosystems, threatening the sustainable use and management of soil resources. Although a number of remediation technologies, such as Solidification/Stabilization (S/S), soil washing, electrokinetic remediation and chemical oxidation/reduction can be applied for the immobilization, removal or detoxification of heavy metals in soil, the environmental, social and economic impacts associated with these conventional approaches hinder their overall sustainability. More attempts have been made to maximize the ‘net environmental benefit’ in various ways, including recovering resources, embracing nature‐based solutions (NBS), and saving energy with the emergence and development of the ‘green and sustainable remediation’ (GSR) movement. This review critically discusses these green remediation strategies, and the novel soil amendments being utilized in these sustainable approaches. Iron‐based amendments are the most promising candidates in green remediation due to the highest stabilization performances for both oxyanions and metallic cations as well as relatively low disturbance to soil. In comparison, waste‐derived materials suffer from risks of contaminant release in the long run, reducing the overall sustainability despite their low costs. It has been found that phytoremediation and green amendment‐based S/S are typically the ‘greenest’ remediation strategies, but wise decisions should be made on the basis of case‐specific sustainability assessment results. Finally, it is proposed that integration of several green remediation techniques may have a synergistic effect on remediation efficiency.
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ihling Clara Marlene , Schnitzler Paul , Heinrich Norbert , Mangu Chacha , Sudi Lwitiho , Souares Aurélia , Gies Sabine , Sié Ali , Coulibaly Boubacar , Ouédraogo Andiyam Thierry , Mordmüller Benjamin , Held Jana , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Fernandes José F. , Eckerle Isabella , May Juergen , Hogan Benedikt , Eibach Daniel , Tabatabai Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among febrile children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana, Gabon, Tanzania and Burkina Faso between 2014 and 2017 as well as the evolution and diversification of RSV strains from other sub‐Saharan countries.MethodsPharyngeal swabs were collected at four study sites (Agogo, Ghana: n = 490; Lambaréné, Gabon: n = 182; Mbeya, Tanzania: n = 293; Nouna, Burkina Faso: n = 115) and analysed for RSV and other respiratory viruses using rtPCR. For RSV‐positive samples, sequence analysis of the second hypervariable region of the G gene was performed. A dataset of RSV strains from sub‐Saharan Africa (2011–2017) currently available in GenBank was compiled. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the diversity of circulating RSV genotypes.ResultsIn total, 46 samples were tested RSV positive (Ghana n = 31 (6.3%), Gabon n = 4 (2.2%), Tanzania n = 9 (3.1%) and Burkina Faso n = 2 (1.7%)). The most common RSV co‐infection was with rhinovirus. All RSV A strains clustered with genotype ON1 strains with a 72‐nucleotide duplication and all RSV B strains belonged to genotype BAIX. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences from sub‐Saharan Africa revealed the diversification into 11 different ON1 and 22 different BAIX lineages and differentiation of ON1 and BAIX strains into potential new sub‐genotypes, provisionally named ON1‐NGR, BAIX‐KEN1, BAIX‐KEN2 and BAIX‐KEN3.ConclusionThe study contributes to an improved understanding of the molecular epidemiology of RSV infection in sub‐Saharan Africa. It provides the first phylogenetic data for RSV from Tanzania, Gabon and Burkina Faso and combines it with RSV strains from all other sub‐Saharan countries currently available in GenBank.
Canine idiopathic chylothorax: Anatomic characterization of the pre‐ and postoperative thoracic duct using computed tomography lymphography
Authors: Kanai Hiroo , Furuya Masaru , Yoneji Kensuke , Hagiwara Ken , Nukaya Aya , Kondo Motoki , Aso Toshihide , Fujii Ayako , Sasai Kazumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurgical treatment has improved the prognosis of canine idiopathic chylothorax, although a recurrence of the disease occurs occasionally after the procedure. An improved understanding of possible causes for this recurrence would be helpful for prognosis and treatment planning in affected patients. In this retrospective case series study, we described the detailed pre‐ and postoperative computed tomographic lymphography (CTLG) imaging characteristics for a group of dogs with surgically confirmed idiopathic chylothorax. Preoperative CTLG was performed in 12 of 14 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic chylothorax. Thoracic ducts were present on the right side in 10 dogs, left side in one dog, and bilaterally in one dog. All the 14 dogs received a combination therapy of pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. One week after surgery, a postoperative CTLG was performed, and the thoracic ducts were apparent in seven of 14 dogs. Three dogs had an unchanged course of the thoracic duct, which could have resulted from a missed duct. Four dogs were identified as having a bypass formation: the oblique duct originated at the ligation site and connected to the duct on the other side. Our findings indicated that one of the possible causes for postoperative recurrence of chylothorax in dogs could be “invisible or sleeping” fine ducts that are collapsed and not visible in preoperative CTLG scans. After TDL causes a change in the pressure of lymphatic flow, these fine thoracic ducts may become apparent using postoperative CTLG.
Factors influencing attitudes toward xenotransplantation clinical trials: A report of focus group studies
Authors: Hurst Daniel J. , Padilla Luz A. , Cooper David K. C. , Paris Wayne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx, ie, cross‐species transplantation, specifically the transplantation of genetically engineered pig organs into human recipients) are due to start within a few years.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted in April‐May 2019, among local religious leaders (N = 10), organ procurement staff/administrators (N = 5), patients and parents of patients who may need an organ transplant or are transplant recipients (N = 9), and local businesspersons in the community (N = 3). Groups were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with NVivo software to identify themes of participants’ thoughts to XTx.ResultsAn overall Cohen's kappa statistic of 0.71 was established. In general, there was wide agreement among participants that XTx is an exciting and acceptable option to explore as an organ alternative. Concerns were expressed primarily regarding issues of animal ethics, stigma regarding how pigs are viewed in society, organ allocation logistics, quality of life after receiving a xenograft, and how XTx would be accepted by certain theological traditions.ConclusionOverall, various stakeholders accepted XTx as a clinical option. However, there were ethical, social, and physical concerns raised. Future studies exploring the development of education strategies that may help alleviate concerns related to XTx before it becomes a clinical alternative are needed among the general public, potential XTx candidates, and their family members.
Forced and Free Motion of a Mass on an Air Spring
Authors: Sussholz B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Results are given of a theoretical investigation of the transient response of a simple nonlinear mechanical system to various types of applied forces. A cylindrical tube closed at one end, with a light piston inserted in the other, was used experimentally, the nonlinear elasticity of the confined column of air governing the motion of the piston. Such systems have been used in ballistic studies to measure transient pressures, as well as for the measurement of pressures caused by other types of explosions in air.
Stresses in a Reinforced Monocoque Cylinder Under Concentrated Symmetric Transverse Loads
Authors: Hoff N. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stresses in the sheet covering, stringers, and rings of a reinforced monocoque cylinder of circular cross section are calculated for the case of a loading consisting of concentrated symmetric forces applied to the rings in the planes of the rings. The conventional assumptions of a linear normal stress distribution and a corresponding shear-stress distribution in the bent cylinder are replaced by a least-work analysis. Application of the theory to the numerical example of a cantilever monocoque cylinder yields a maximum shear stress in the sheet covering and a maximum bending moment in the ring amounting to 900 per cent and 33 per cent, respectively, of the values obtained by the conventional analysis.
Consistent Approximation of Fractional Order Operators
Authors: Wei Yiheng , Chen YangQuan , Wei Yingdong , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fractional order controllers become increasingly popular due to their versatility and superiority in various performances. However, the bottleneck in deploying these tools in practice is related to their analog or numerical implementation. Numerical approximations are usually employed in which the approximation of fractional differintegrator is the foundation. Generally, the following three identical equations always hold, i.e., 1sα1s1−α=1s, sα1sα=1, and sαs1−α=s. However, for the approximate models of fractional differintegrator sα, α∈(−1,0)∪(0,1), there usually exist some conflicts on the mentioned equations, which might enlarge the approximation error or even cause fallacies in multiple orders occasion. To overcome the conflicts, this brief develops a piecewise approximate model and provides two procedures for designing the model parameters. The comparison with several existing methods shows that the proposed methods do not only satisfy the equalities but also achieve high approximation accuracy. From this, it is believed that this work can serve for simulation and realization of fractional order controllers more friendly.
A Data-Driven Methodology to Improve Tolerance Allocation Using Product Usage Data
Authors: Li Kangjie , Gao Yicong , Zheng Hao , Tan Jianrongg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, puts forward new requirements for the sustainable service of products. With the recent advances in measurement technologies, global and local deformations in inaccessible areas can be monitored. Product usage data such as geometric deviation, position deviation, and angular deviation that lead to product functional performance degradation can be continuously collected during the product usage stage. These technologies provide opportunities to improve tolerance design by improving tolerance allocation using product usage data. The challenge lies in how to assess these deviations for identifying relevant field factors and reallocate the tolerance value. In this paper, a data-driven methodology based on the deviation for tolerance analysis is proposed to improve the tolerance allocation. A feature graph of a mechanical assembly is established based on the assembly relationship. The node representation in the feature graph is defined based on the unified Jacobian-torsor model and the node label is calculated by a synthetic evaluation method. A novel hierarchical graph attention networks (HGAT) is proposed to investigate hidden relations between nodes in the feature graph and calculate labels of all nodes. A modification necessity index (MNI) is defined for each tolerance between two nodes based on their labels. An identification of the to-be-modified tolerance method is proposed to specify the tolerance analysis target. A deviation difference matrix is constructed to calculate the MNI of each tolerance for identifying the to-be-modified tolerance value with high priorities for product improvement. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study for improving tolerance allocation of a press machine.
Upper Bound of Power Harvested by an On-Off Electrical Damping in a State Space System
Authors: La Viet Duc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical upper bound of the harvested power, which is amplified by a generalized electrical damping switching controller in a linear time invariant system. The upper bound is found by maximizing a single-variable function with respect to the switching time. The upper bound shows the possibility of raising the power–frequency curve over the optimal passive curves reported in literature. The optimal switching time of the upper bound shows the mechanics that determine the optimality. The upper bound solution is not only a good benchmark to evaluate but also a clear guide to design any other practical controllers. To demonstrate these two benefits, four examples in literature were revisited: the single-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesters, the dual-mass vibration energy harvester and the quarter car hybrid electromagnetic suspension. A demonstration controller is proposed in all examples. The upper bound is used to evaluate the demonstration controller. The optimal switching time is used to explain the reason of a good or bad controller.
Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic cooling history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its foreland derived from low-temperature thermochronology
Authors: Wu Chen , Zuza Andrew V. , Li Jie , Haproff Peter J. , Yin An , Chen Xuanhua , Ding Lin , Li Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growth history and formation mechanisms of the Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau are the subject of an intense debate with important implications for understanding the kinematics and dynamics of large-scale intracontinental deformation. Better constraints on the uplift and deformation history across the northern plateau are necessary to address how the Tibetan Plateau was constructed. To this end, we present updated field observations coupled with low-temperature thermochronology from the Qaidam basin in the south to the Qilian Shan foreland in the north. Our results show that the region experienced a late Mesozoic cooling event that is interpreted as a result of tectonic deformation prior to the India-Asia collision. Our results also reveal the onset of renewed cooling in the Eocene in the Qilian Shan region along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which we interpret to indicate the timing of initial thrusting and plateau formation along the plateau margin. The interpreted Eocene thrusting in the Qilian Shan predates Cenozoic thrust belts to the south (e.g., the Eastern Kunlun Range), which supports out-of-sequence rather than northward-migrating thrust belt development. The early Cenozoic deformation exploited the south-dipping early Paleozoic Qilian suture zone as indicated by our field mapping and the existing geophysical data. In the Miocene, strike-slip faulting was initiated along segments of the older Paleozoic suture zones in northern Tibet, which led to the development of the Kunlun and Haiyuan left-slip transpressional systems. Late Miocene deformation and uplift of the Hexi corridor and Longshou Shan directly north of the Qilian Shan thrust belt represent the most recent phase of outward plateau growth.
Magnetocaloric Effect in Nanosystems Based on Ferromagnets with Different Curie Temperatures
Authors: Kuznetsov M. A. , Drovosekov A. B. , Fraerman A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The magnetocaloric effect in nanosystems based on exchange-coupled ferromagnets with different Curie temperatures is calculated within the mean-field theory. Good agreement between the results of the mean-field theory and the Landau theory, valid near the critical phase transition temperature, is demonstrated for a flat-layered Fe/Gd/Fe structure. We show that a high magnetic cooling efficiency in this system is attainable in principle and prove the validity of the Maxwell relation, enabling an experimental verification of the predictions made. The theory developed for flat-layered structures is generalized to a granular medium.
On Partition Dimension of Some Cycle-Related Graphs
Authors: Wei Changcheng , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Afzal Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad , Azeem Muhammad , Liu Jia-Bao , Khalil Adnan 
Published: March 2021

Let

G

be a simple connected graph. Suppose

Δ
=

Δ

1

,

Δ

2

,
…
,

Δ

l

an

l

-partition of

V

G

. A partition representation of a vertex

α
w
.
r
.
t
Δ

is the

l
−

vector

d

α
,

Δ

1

,
d

α
,

Δ

2

,
…
,
d

α
,

Δ

l

, denoted by

r

α

|
Δ

. Any partition

Δ

is referred as resolving partition if

∀

α

i

≠

α

j

∈
V

G

such that

r

α

i

|
Δ

≠
r

α

j

|
Δ

. The smallest integer

l

is referred as the partition dimension

pd

G

of

G

if the

l

-partition

Δ

is a resolving partition. In this article, we discuss the partition dimension of kayak paddle graph, cycle graph with chord, and a graph generated by chain of cycles. It has been shown that the partition dimension of the said families of graphs is constant.
CRISPR-Mediated Kinome Editing Prioritizes a Synergistic Combination Therapy for FGFR1-Amplified Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Zhang , Liang Shun-Qing , Yang Haitang , Xu Duo , Bruggmann Rémy , Gao Yanyun , Deng Haibin , Berezowska Sabina , Hall Sean R.R. , Marti Thomas M. , Kocher Gregor J. , Zhou Qinghua , Schmid Ralph A. , Peng Ren-Wang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Oncogenic activation of the FGFR pathway is frequent in lung and other cancers. However, due to drug resistance, pharmacological blockage of aberrant FGFR signaling has provided little clinical benefit in patients with FGFR-amplified tumors. The determining factors for the limited efficacy of FGFR-targeted therapy remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer cells treated with an FGFR inhibitor. These screens identified PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target that mediates a resistance mechanism by overriding DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest upon FGFR1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological antagonism of PLK1 in combination with FGFR inhibitor therapy synergized to enhance antiproliferative effects and drove cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo through activation of the γH2AX–CHK–E2F1 axis. These findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for PLK1 in modulating FGFR1 inhibitor sensitivity and demonstrate a synergistic drug combination for treating FGFR1-amplified lung cancer.

Significance:
The identification of PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target for FGFR-targeted therapy provides an innovative rationale for the treatment of lung and other FGFR1-amplified cancers.
Satellite image inpainting with deep generative adversarial neural networks
Authors: Zaytar Mohamed Akram , El Amrani Chaker 
Published: March 2021

This work addresses the problem of recovering lost or damaged satellite image pixels (gaps) caused by sensor processing errors or by natural phenomena like cloud presence. Such errors decrease our ability to monitor regions of interest and significantly increase the average revisit time for all satellites. This paper presents a novel neural system based on conditional deep generative adversarial networks (cGAN) optimized to fill satellite imagery gaps using surrounding pixel values and static high-resolution visual priors. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms traditional and neural network baselines. It achieves a normalized least absolute deviations error of ( &amp; decrease in error compared with the two baselines) and a mean squared error loss of ( &amp; decrease in error) over the test set. The model can be deployed within a remote sensing data pipeline to reconstruct missing pixel measurements for near-real-time monitoring and inference purposes, thus empowering policymakers and users to make environmentally informed decisions.