bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valence shell photoelectron angular distributions and vibrationally resolved spectra of imidazole: A combined experimental–theoretical study
Authors: Patanen M. , Abid A. R. , Pratt S. T. , Kivimäki A. , Trofimov A. B. , Skitnevskaya A. D. , Grigoricheva E. K. , Gromov E. V. , Powis I. , Holland D. M. P. 
Published: August 2021

Linearly polarized synchrotron radiation has been used to record polarization dependent valence shell photoelectron spectra of imidazole in the photon energy range 21–100 eV. These have allowed the photoelectron angular distributions, as characterized by the anisotropy parameter β, and the electronic state intensity branching ratios to be determined. Complementing these experimental data, theoretical photoionization partial cross sections and β-parameters have been calculated for the outer valence shell orbitals. The assignment of the structure appearing in the experimental photoelectron spectra has been guided by vertical ionization energies and spectral intensities calculated by various theoretical methods that incorporate electron correlation and orbital relaxation. Strong orbital relaxation effects have been found for the 15a′, nitrogen lone-pair orbital. The calculations also predict that configuration mixing leads to the formation of several low-lying satellite states. The vibrational structure associated with ionization out of a particular orbital has been simulated within the Franck–Condon model using harmonic vibrational modes. The adiabatic approximation appears to be valid for the X 2A″ state, with the β-parameter for this state being independent of the level of vibrational excitation. However, for all the other outer valence ionic states, a disparity occurs between the observed and the simulated vibrational structure, and the measured β-parameters are at variance with the behavior expected at the level of the Franck–Condon approximation. These inconsistencies suggest that the excited electronic states may be interacting vibronically such that the nuclear dynamics occur over coupled potential energy surfaces.
Quantifying the compressibility of complex networks
Authors: Lynn Christopher W. , Bassett Danielle S. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Real-world networks are complex, comprising vast webs of interconnected elements performing a diverse array of social and biological functions. Common among many networks, however, is the pressure to be efficiently compressed—either in the brain or in the genetic code. But just as files on a computer can be compressed to differing degrees, what makes one network more compressible than another? To answer this question, we adapt tools from information theory to quantify the compressibility of a network. Studying real-world and model networks, we find that hierarchical organization—with tight clustering and heterogeneous degrees—increases compressibility, enabling compressed representations across scales. Generally, our framework provides an information-theoretic method for investigating the interplay between network structure and compression.
How multisensory neurons solve causal inference
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Storrs Katherine R. , Maiello Guido , Welchman Andrew E. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
We perceive our environment through multiple independent sources of sensory input. The brain is tasked with deciding whether multiple signals are produced by the same or different events (i.e., solve the problem of causal inference). Here, we train a neural network to solve causal inference by either combining or separating visual and vestibular inputs in order to estimate self- and scene motion. We find that the network recapitulates key neurophysiological (i.e., congruent and opposite neurons) and behavioral (e.g., reliability-based cue weighting) properties of biological systems. We show how congruent and opposite neurons support motion estimation and how the balance in activity between these subpopulations determines whether to combine or separate multisensory signals.
Development of interactive learning multimedia for mathematics subjects for grade 5 elementary schools
Authors: Firmansyah F H , Sari I P , Permana F C , Rinjani D 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe learning process during a pandemic requires teachers to be more interactive in making online learning media. The government has designed the Covid Emergency Curriculum, which is that educational units in their current condition can choose one of the several components needed in the learning process, namely still referring to the national curriculum, using the emergency curriculum, or making curriculum simplification independently. For curriculum simplification, only the main material in learning activities needs to be conveyed, while for practice it can be independently or through an application media. This study aims to create an augmented reality-based learning media on geometry in mathematics subjects for grade 5 elementary school. This media can make it easier for students to understand the shapes with augmented reality and there is a learning video feature that also explains the material presented by the teacher. With the black box white box method, the application is developed by adjusting the curriculum simplification planned by the government. Features in the application include objectives and materials, learning videos, augmented reality simulations and integrated with Google Classroom as a learning evaluation platform. The results of this research are digital applications that can be accessed from the web or android applications.
Batik AR ver.1.0: Augmented Reality application as gamification of batik design using waterfall method
Authors: Sobandi B , Wibawa S C , Triyanto T , Syakir S , Pandanwangi A , Suryadi S , Nursalim A , Santosa H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, it’s time to implement asynchronous learning. The problem is, elementary school students have difficulty learning cultural arts, especially batik design. This study aims to create an application base on augmented reality (AR) with batik design content that can be used to introduce batik design as cultural art to elementary school students. The method used in developing this application is a waterfall which consists of (1) feasibility study, (2) requirements, (3) System design, (4) Encoding, (5) Testing system, (6) Acceptance Test. The results of this study were the validators rated more than 85% of media validation consisting of the quality of visual and auditory perceptions, ease of interaction, ease of interaction, and ease of use, while user responses consisted of 80% efficiency, 85% usability, 78% cognitive absorption, and enjoyment. 87%. This implies that the AR application can provide benefits for students who learn cultural sessions, especially batik design.
In-service teachers’ perception on implementing realistic mathematics education approach in their best practices
Authors: Mariana N , Sholihah S A , Riski R , Rahmawati I , Wiryanto W , Indrawati D , Budiyono B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to portray elementary teachers’ perception of implementing the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in their best practice after training in a series of RME workshops. The perceptions captured in the study include (1) teachers’ confidence in understanding RME and its implementation in their best practices; (2) RME criteria, which teachers found most challenging during the planning and the implementation. The subject of this study is 296 elementary teachers who have attended the training. The workshop series provided RME materials, simulation during the workshop, implementation in teachers’ best practices, and the workshop to discuss their experience. There are two findings in this study. Firstly, most teachers have a better understanding of RME characteristics. However, most teacher believe that the RME approach can be applied most mathematical topics. They felt confident in implementing the RME approach in their best practices. Secondly, teachers found that the most challenging when planned the RME lesson was finding suitable media related to mathematics topics. Moreover, during the implementation, teachers found it most challenging to lead students to formal mathematics. These results suggest that the most impactful workshop is better, followed by best practices and participants’ reflection afterward.
The mathematical self-efficacy instruments for elementary school students
Authors: Yuliyanto A , Turmudi T , Putri H E , Muqodas I , Rahayu P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mathematical self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his ability to solve mathematical problems received. The output of this study is to produce an instrument that can measure MSE comprehensively and accountability. Research and Development (R&D) was chosen as the research method. The sample selection was done by purposive sampling involving 20 students of the 6th-grade elementary school in Karawang. Based on the development and analysis of aspects and indicators showing aspects of MSE including personal experiences in learning mathematics, the experiences of the others about learning mathematics, verbal persuasion after doing mathematics, and psychological indexes when doing mathematics problems. Each of these four aspects consists of three indicators namely confidence can complete difficult, varied, and challenging tasks. Based on the results of testing, the validity and reliability obtained all items have sufficient validity (rxy = 0.54) and fixed reliability (r11 = 0.70). Based on these findings, 24 items can be further researched on mathematics learning in elementary school concerning 3D geometry.
The influence of GeoGebra media use to student’s mathematics problem solving ability
Authors: Kirana A R , Lestari Y D , Ristika R 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe problem of this research was the low ability of grade V elementary students’ mathematics problem solving in Baitul Jannah Islamic elementary school. The objective of this research was to analyze the average of students’ mathematics problem solving abilities by using GeoGebra media and by using conventional learning. This was an experimental research. Population was all grade V students in classrooms V.A with GeoGebra learning for experiment and classroom V.B with conventional learning for control in Baitul Jannah Islamic elementary school. Students were given with five mathematics test problems in essay that had been tested for their validities and reliabilities. Data were analyzed by using t-test. The result showed that the average of students’ mathematics problem solving who used GeoGebra learning were higher compared to those with conventional learning.
Ethnomathematics on Surabaya Regional song notation
Authors: Indrawati D , Septiana A H Z , Rahmawati I , Siwi D A , Mariana N , Wiryanto W , Istianah F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Music correlates to mathematics in the form of pattern concepts, formulas, and calculations that can be used as variations of ethnomathematics-based learning. One of the mathematics learning’s goals, according to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), is a cultural purpose. This research aims to describe the results of mathematical element analysis in Surabaya regional songs. The research method used was qualitatively descriptive. The data sources used in this study were researchers, literatures, and field practitioners. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation studies. The documentation study was carried out by making a literature assessment corresponding to the required data. The data analysis technique used was Miles and Huberman’s models encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. The results of study showed that there is a mathematical element in the regional song from Surabaya. The mathematical elements found in the analysis of block notation scores and number notations are summation of same-number fractions, summation of different fractions, multiplication of fractions, data processing in modes form, as well as data presentation in the form of tables, bar diagrams, and line charts. In addition to finding the mathematical elements in Surabaya regional songs, this study also proves that there is a correlation between music and mathematics.
Introducing SFH (STEM From Home) through Webinar program: A descriptive study
Authors: Yuniarti Y , Yanthi N , Yunansah H , Kurniawan D T , Sukardi R R 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic suddenly compels pupils to study from home. Primary school teachers face difficulties to present learning at home, even more parents who have a new role as a teacher at home. The purpose of the research was gaining parents and primary school teachers opinion on Webinar Program SFH (STEM From Home) as a stimulator to create fun and creative learning at home. It was a descriptive study with purposive sampling technique. The samples of the research were teachers and parents who needed creative learning references from home. The instruments were questionnaires and open-ended questions that investigated their opinion on the webinar program. The data were triangulated to gain comprehensive findings. The findings of the Webinar Program SFH are very important as a foundation for further research in carrying out fun and creative science learning from home. The results showed that primary school teachers and parents gave positive feedback to Webinar Program SFH. They gained a new perspective to present science teaching with fun and creative method although it is conducted from home.
Effects of Liquid and Solid Organic Fertilizer from Urine and Feces of Cow on Rice Production
Authors: Sutardi  , Gunawan  , Winarti E , Cahyaningrum N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of Liquid and Solid Organic fertilizers from Urine and feces of Cows on Rice Production. It was conducted on March-July, 2019 in Siti Mulyo village, Piyungan sub-district, and Bawuran village, Pleret sub-district, Bantul regency, Indonesia. Furthermore, about 74 farmers were included and were divided into three differing patterns (A, B, and C) of 16, 30 28 respectively. Farmers in A and B conducted solid and liquid organic fertilizer application methods for 4 ton/ha and 3.2 liter/ha. The rice planting system of A was similar Tajarwo 4:1 while B appeared as squares (25 cm × 25 cm). Pattern C farmers used fertilizer and rice planting systems according to their habits. The variables observed were plant height at harvest, number of productive tillers, panicle length, amount of grain/panicle, amount of green grain/panicle, and dry gain production. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test for significant differences. The results of the study showed that the growth of rice cropping patterns A, B, and C were not different. However, rice production was significantly different, where pattern A, B, and C was 8.36 ± 1.48 t ha-1, 7.84 ± 1.24 t ha-1 and 7.48 ± 0.54 t ha-1 respectively.
Incorporation of purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea) to chitosan edible film as a packaging material to prevent damage of mozzarella cheese during storage
Authors: Pratiwi I , Susilowati A , Pangastuti A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mozzarella cheese is usually packaged using non-biodegradable plastic, and edible films are used as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, incorporating bioactive compounds into the edible film helps prevent microorganism damage and oxidation to the product. One of the traditional herbal plants that have the characteristics as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent is the Purslane (Portulaca oleracea). This study aims to determine the effect of purslane extract in chitosan edible film to inhibit microbiological and oxidative damage to mozzarella cheese. Purslane ethanol extract was added to the chitosan mixture for film making and then the film was applied to wrap the mozzarella cheese. The mozzarella cheese was then stored at room temperature (27 °C) and in the refrigerator at a temperature of (4 °C). The tests to determine the quality of the cheese were performed on day 0; 3; 6; 9 respectively, during the storage, which involves determining total bacteria and mold yeast using the Total Plate Count test, while oxidation damage was measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Based on data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis method, during 9 days of storage, the incorporation of purslane extract to the edible film significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms and oxidative damage in the mozzarella cheese packed, compared to control and the use of chitosan edible film alone. In conclusion, Chitosan edible film with purslane extract can be used as a substitute for plastic packaging to preserve mozzarella cheese during storage at room temperature or in the refrigerator.
Effects of Plasticizer and Cinnamon Essential Oil Incorporation on Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties of Semirefined Iota-Carrageenan-based Edible Film
Authors: Praseptiangga D , Rahmawati A , Manuhara G J , Khasanah L U , Utami R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Iota-carrageenan, a water-soluble polymer extracted from red seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, showed a high potentiality as a film-forming material. Whilst, one of the essential oils that gained increasing attention is from cinnamon because of its recently observed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, mechanical and water barrier properties of semi-refined iota-carrageenan (SRiC)-based edible film incorporated with cinnamon essential oil were evaluated into two stages. Firstly, the effects of sorbitol plasticizer’s concentration (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% v/v) on the mechanical and water barrier properties of the SRiC-based edible film (2% w/v) was investigated, and secondly, those of cinnamon essential oil’s incorporation (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% v/v) were evaluated. SRiC (2% w/v) produced with 0.5% (v/v) sorbitol plasticizer addition was selected for the first stage, and 1% (v/v) cinnamon essential oil incorporation on SRiC-based edible film was recommended for the second, suggesting its further utilization in food application.
The Effect of Fermentation Process, Extraction Methods and Solvents on Yield, Total Polyphenol, and Antioxidant Levels of Cocoa Beans
Authors: Aunillah A , Purwanto E H , Wardiana E , Iflah T 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProcessed cacao foods are widely consumed in the world and besides the distinctive taste, it also contains polyphenols, which are beneficial for health. The method used to extract natural compounds from cocoa beans is a critical process for obtaining a product of high-quality polyphenol, mainly to protect its nutritional value. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation, extraction method, and different solvents, as well as their interactions on yield, total polyphenols, and antioxidant levels. The polyphenol compounds were obtained by using a different fermentation process (fermented and unfermented cocoa beans), extraction methods (maceration and ultrasound), and solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone). The result showed that the polyphenol yield was determined by the interaction between the extraction process and solvents, while the content was determined by variations in solvents utilization. Antioxidant levels are not affected by variations in fermented/unfermented cocoa, extraction methods, and solvents, including their interactions. The ultrasound method has contributed to better polyphenol extraction more effectively than the maceration. While methanol and ethanol are helpful solvents for polyphenol extraction, the ethanol classified as GRAS is preferred because of its food application.
Kinetic of total phenolic content and profile of antioxidant activity during the roasting of peanut kernel
Authors: Laila U , Herawati E R N , Khasanah Y , Nurhayati R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, the functional properties, which include total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of peanut during roasting was investigated. The main focus was to evaluate the kinetic of total phenolic content during peanut roasting using various temperature-time combinations of 120, 150 and 170°C, at 15, 30, 45 minutes, respectively. The kinetic was assessed using the Arrhenius equation for determining kinetic parameters including kinetic order and activation energy. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the correlation antioxidant activity with total phenolic content was also studied. The results showed that total phenolic content changed positively with increasing temperature and roasting time. Meanwhile, the kinetic of phenolic content, which followed zero-order reaction within the activation energy of reaction was 113.07 kJ/mol. It was also discovered that there is a positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the increase in total phenolic content of peanut induced by roasting made the capability of peanut in scavenging radicals stronger.
The strategy of farmers’ economic institution for managing organic rice marketing based on local wisdom
Authors: Suswadi  , Kartikasari R D , Handayani M. Th. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Strengthening institutional farmers in organizing marketing is one of the efforts to improve the bargaining position of organic rice farmers. Currently, strong Farmers’ Economic Institutions include farming activities from upstream to downstream, nurtured and developed by farmers relying on local wisdom. Thus, Farmer’s Economic Institution must be adapted to the culture, regional potential, market potential and policies of the applicable organic farming system, to increase the capacity. This study therefore aims to identify internal and external factors in managing organic rice marketing within Pangudi Bogo Farmer Group, in Boyolali District, using a qualitative descriptive data analysis, with IFE, EFE, IE, and SWOT matrix. According to the IFE matrix analysis, adequate facilities and infrastructure are the greatest strengths, while the biggest weaknesses are unattractive product packaging and labels. In addition, the greatest opportunity is the development of information and communication technology to support marketing activities, while the biggest threat is fake organic product claims. Also, the IE matrix analysis shows the Pangudi Bogo farmer group’s marketing position is in quadrant V, meaning a keep and maintain strategy is required.
Analysis of Customer Needs for Food Products Using Kano Model, A Case Study of Steamed Brownies
Authors: Wimarnaya V W , Fauza G , Prasetyo H , Muhammad D R A , Affandi D R , Ariviani S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, the increased interest in the food business has led to fierce competition among players in the sector. Due to this condition, the quality of food produced needs to be evaluated and systematically designed. Conventionally, the development of products such as ingredient formulation, re-engineering process, installation of new, and more sophisticated type of equipment is driven by technology. However, in a competitive business environment, customer satisfaction becomes the major theme, and the development of products that relies only on technology push may result in failure as the developed products may not meet the customer expectations. Therefore, controlling products that the customer needs is an important issue to be addressed. This research aimed to analyze the quality of a food product that met the customer’s needs. Moreover, the product was steamed brownies and was produced by small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Surakarta (Indonesia). Kano model was applied to ascertain the customer satisfaction attributes and the result showed that there were twelve quality attributes that were identified as the ‘voice’ of the brownie customers. The Kano diagram categorized two attributes into Attractive elements, eight into One Dimensional group and the other two into Indifferent attributes. In addition, the quality attribute classification was beneficial for the brownie producers to determine the direction of product development that brought about a higher level of customer satisfaction.