bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls of ignoring trait resolution when drawing conclusions about ecological processes
Authors: Kohli Brooks A. , Jarzyna Marta A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding how ecological communities are assembled remains a grand challenge in ecology with direct implications for charting the future of biodiversity. Trait‐based methods have emerged as the leading approach for quantifying functional community structure (convergence, divergence) but their potential for inferring assembly processes rests on accurately measuring functional dissimilarity among community members. Here, we argue that trait resolution (from finest‐resolution continuous measurements to coarsest‐resolution binary categories) remains a critically overlooked methodological variable, even though categorical classification is known to mask functional variability and inflate functional redundancy among species or individuals.InnovationWe present the first detailed predictions of trait resolution biases and demonstrate, with simulations, how the distortion of signal strength by increasingly coarse‐resolution traits can fundamentally alter functional structure patterns and the interpretation of causative ecological processes (e.g. abiotic filters, biotic interactions). We show that coarser trait data impart different impacts on the signals of divergence and convergence, implying that the role of biotic interactions may be underestimated when using coarser traits. Furthermore, in some systems, coarser traits may overestimate the strength of trait convergence, leading to erroneous support for abiotic processes as the primary drivers of community assembly or change.Main conclusionsInferences of assembly processes must account for trait resolution to ensure robust conclusions, especially for broad‐scale studies of comparative community assembly and biodiversity change. Despite recent improvements in the collection and availability of trait data, great disparities continue to exist among taxa in the number and availability of continuous traits, which are more difficult to acquire for large numbers of species than coarse categorical assignments. Based on our simulations, we urge the consideration of trait resolution in the design and interpretation of community assembly studies and suggest a suite of practical solutions to address the pitfalls of trait resolution biases.
A laboratory study of the accuracy of three electronic apex locators: influence of embedding media and radiographic assessment of the electronic apical limit
Authors: Iparraguirre Nuñovero M. F. , Piasecki L. , Segato A. V. K. , Westphalen V. P. D. , Silva Neto U. X. , Carneiro E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate several factors that might interfere with the use of electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs) in a laboratory setting, including two different embedding media (alginate and electroconductive gel), three different types of devices and the radiographic view on the assessment of the electronic readings.MethodologyThirty single‐rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were selected. After access and canal pre‐flaring, a size 10 K‐file was inserted in the canal up to the major apical foramen under magnification (×10), and this length was recorded as the actual length (AL) of the canal. Teeth were mounted on a specific endodontic training kit platform (ProTrain). Two different embedding media (electroconductive gel and alginate) and three different ERCLMDs: Apex ID (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA), CanalPro Apex Locator (Coltene‐Endo, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA) and the Root ZX II (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan), were tested. Following the measurement at the 0.5 mark of each ERCLMD using alginate, two periapical radiographs (bucco‐lingual and proximal views) were taken. The difference between the electronic readings and the AL, as well as the distance from the file tip to the apex of the roots on the radiographs, was calculated. Data were analysed statistically (two‐way anova, Tukey’s and chi‐squared tests) at 5% significance level.ResultsThe incidence of over‐extended readings was significantly greater (P < 0.05) when using the ProTrain electroconductive gel, except for Root ZX II at the 0.5 mark. Root ZX, CanalPro and Apex ID had similar accuracy when the 0.0/APEX mark was used to locate the foramen. For the radiographic method, no difference was found between the devices or radiographic views.ConclusionCompared with alginate, the conductive gel of the ProTrain kit negatively affected most of the electronic readings. The three evaluated ERCLMDs had similar accuracy in locating the apical foramen when using the mark 0.0/APEX and alginate as the embedding media. Although the ProTrain platform allows radiographs to be exposed in both bucco‐lingual and proximal views, no difference was found between the views when evaluating the apical limit provided by the 0.5 mark in mandibular premolars embedded in alginate.
Effect of optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy on oncological outcomes of locally advanced bladder cancer with laparoscopic radical cystectomy: A matched‐pair analysis in a multicenter cohort
Authors: Kubota Masashi , Kanno Toru , Inoue Takahiro , Yamasaki Toshinari , Okumura Kazuhiro , Ito Katsuhiro , Yamada Hitoshi , Fujii Masato , Shimizu Yosuke , Yatsuda Junji , Moroi Seiji , Shichiri Yasumasa , Akao Toshiya , Sawada Atsuro , Saito Ryoich , Kobayashi Takashi , Kawakita Mutsushi , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy of at least three cycles of cisplatin‐based regimen on oncological outcomes of clinical stage T3 or higher bladder cancer treated with laparoscopic radical cystectomy.MethodsLaparoscopic radical cystectomies carried out at 10 institutions were included in this retrospective study. The outcomes of patients who received optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared using propensity score matching in clinical stage T3–4 or T2 cohorts, separately.ResultsOf the 455 patients screened, matched pairs of 54 patients in the clinical T3–4 cohort and 68 patients in the clinical T2 cohort were finally analyzed. In the cT3–4 cohort, the 5‐year overall survival (78% vs 41%; P = 0.014), cancer‐specific survival (81% vs 44%; P = 0.008) and recurrence‐free survival (71% vs 53%; P = 0.049) were significantly higher in the optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy group than in the no neoadjuvant chemotherapy group; no significant survival difference was shown between the two groups in the cT2 cohort. In the cT3–4 cohort, the incidence of local recurrence (4% vs 26%; P = 0.025) and abdominal or intrapelvic recurrence, including peritoneal carcinomatosis (7% vs 30%; P = 0.038), was significantly lower in the optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy group.ConclusionsAdministration of optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a significant survival benefit. It decreases the incidence of local and atypical recurrence patterns in patients with clinical stage T3 or higher locally advanced bladder cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy.
Invertebrate Film Festival: Science, creativity, and flexibility in a virtual teaching environment
Authors: Schulze Anja , Hajduk Marissa M. , Hannon Mary Colleen , Hubbard Emily A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe implemented a new video project in a marine invertebrate zoology undergraduate class. The project required students to produce 3–5 min videos about a particular invertebrate or any aspect of invertebrate biology they were interested in. The development of this assignment was prompted by the limitations for lab activities due to COVID‐19 and three short‐term campus closures in response to threats of inclement weather. This assignment can be completed individually on a flexible schedule, without physical access to campus, and culminates in an Invertebrate Film Festival during the last lab period. The project was assigned at the start of the term with only minimal instructions to promote creativity. Students completed the project over the course of the 14‐week semester, with several checkpoints, most notably a peer review of the movie script 2 weeks prior to the due date. To support the video production, students were encouraged to attend workshops and schedule individual tutoring sessions offered by the Studio in the campus's Center for Academic Learning Support. Surveys at the beginning and the end of the semester revealed that the perception of the video project was overall positive, although some students were apprehensive in the beginning. Video topics, techniques, and software used by students varied widely, but overall the video quality exceeded our expectations. Many students took pride in their videos and agreed to make them available as supplementary material for this article. If we repeat this assignment in future semesters, we will streamline the peer review process and possibly offer short video tutorials for video‐editing software.
Competitive strategies between Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) regulating the use of host fruits
Authors: Petitinga Clarissa Santana Chaves D’Aguiar , Roriz Alzira Kelly Passos , Joachim‐Bravo Iara Sordi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterspecific competition between individuals of different species can result in reductions in their fecundity, growth or survival, reflecting differential exploitation of resources that become intensified due to spatial co‐occurrence, ecological similarity and increased population densities. As two species cannot occupy the same niche, coexistence is only possible if the available resources are used in non‐overlapping manners such as niche partitioning or the use of refuges. Among agricultural insect pests, such as fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, competitive interactions can result in competitive displacement, host changes, or the expansion or restriction of the numbers of hosts utilized that can have negative consequences for human agricultural activities. We evaluated the competitive interactions between two fruit fly species of the genus Anastrepha, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedmann, 1830), on their respective preferred hosts (mangoes and guava). Experiments of larval competition and competition for ovipositioning sites by adult females were performed to compare the parameters of larval development time, numbers of pupae and emerged adults and numbers of ovipositions in the presence or absence of interspecific competition. We observed that the interactions between those species were asymmetrical and hierarchical, and our results suggest a competitive displacement of A. fraterculus by A. obliqua when those two species are present on the same fruit, whether mangoes or guavas.
Identification and application of T3SS translocation signal in Edwardsiella piscicida attenuated carrier as a bivalent vaccine
Authors: Li Jie , Tang Lei , Wang Pengmei , Li Guiyang , Jin Huaiyuan , Mo Zhaolan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType III secretion system (T3SS)‐dependent translocation has been used to deliver heterologous antigens by vaccine carriers into host cells. In this research, we identified the translocation signal of Edwardsiella piscicida T3SS effector EseG and constructed an antibiotic resistance‐free balanced‐lethal system as attenuated vaccine carrier to present antigens by T3SS. Edwardsiella piscicida LSE40 asd gene deletion mutant was constructed and complemented with pYA3342 harbouring the asd (aspartate β‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene from Salmonella. Fusion proteins composed of EseG N‐terminal 1–108 amino acids and the TEM1‐β‐lactamase reporter were inserted in plasmid pYA3342. The fusion protein could secrete into the cell culture, translocate into HeLa cells, and localize in the membrane fraction. Then, the double gene deletion mutant LSE40ΔasdΔpurA was constructed as an attenuated vaccine carrier, and Aeromonas hydrophila GapA (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) was fused with the translocation signal, instead of the TEM1‐β‐lactamase reporter. The bivalent vaccine could protect blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila, with the relative per cent survival of 80.77% and 63.83%, respectively. These results indicated that EseG N‐terminal 1–108 amino acid peptide was the translocation signal of E. piscicida T3SS, which could be used to construct bivalent vaccines based on an attenuated E. piscicida carrier.
Futura: A new tool for transparent and shareable scenario analysis in prospective life cycle assessment
Authors: Joyce P. James , Björklund Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile it may be impossible to accurately predict what the world will look like in the future, we can be certain that it will be different from the world of today. By extension, we know that using today's data in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies claiming to represent future scenarios is problematic. For the future impact of products to be estimated in a consistent and meaningful manner in LCA, the background system, most commonly the ecoinvent database, needs to be projected into the future alongside the foreground system modeled in a given study. Futura is a new piece of open‐source software which allows LCA practitioners to create and share novel background databases representing arbitrary scenarios. It allows users to import a base database and then start making targeted changes. These changes take three main forms—adding new technologies, regionalizing new or existing technologies, and altering market compositions. All changes made are automatically added to a "recipe." This recipe file can be shared publicly. This recipe can be imported by other users and used to exactly recreate the modified database. The additive and transparent nature of this system means that initially simple scenarios can be built upon by others to progress toward more comprehensive scenarios in a stepwise manner. The inability to build on the work of others is a serious barrier to the progress of the LCA field. Futura goes some way to reduce this barrier in the field of prospective LCA.
Mechanism and clinical applications of needle‐free injectors in dermatology: Literature review
Authors: Han Hye Sung , Hong Ji Yeon , Kwon Tae Rin , Lee Sung Eun , Yoo Kwang Ho , Choi Sun Young , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeedle‐free jet injectors are devices that deliver drugs using a high‐speed jet without a needle. Recent studies have significantly increased our understanding of the mechanisms of needle‐free jet injectors, and technical advancements have broadened the scope of application of the device.AimsWe aimed to provide an up‐to‐date review of previous literature regarding the mechanism of action and clinical applications of needle‐free jet injectors in dermatology field.MethodsWe conducted a PUBMED search for studies on needle‐free jet injectors using the following parameters: “Pneumatic injector” OR “needleless injector” OR “needle‐free injector” OR “jet injector.” Among 191 results, 72 articles focusing on their mechanisms of action, cutaneous delivery patterns, and clinical applications in dermatology were selected for review.ResultsSignificant clinical evidence has been published confirming the potential of needle‐free jet injectors in treating various dermatologic conditions. In particular, these devices have the potential to be used in various skin remodeling treatment, especially in skin rejuvenation procedures by injecting various esthetic materials.ConclusionAs proven by accumulated experience, the applications of NFJIs are not restricted to vaccine or insulin delivery in dermatology field. However, this literature review shows that until now, there are no clinical guidelines that standardize the optimal parameters when using NFJIs on various clinical settings. Therefore, further studies should be performed in order to investigate the full potential of these devices in dermatology, to ensure safe and effective outcomes in clinical practice.
Comparison of 2% deoxyarbutin and 4% hydroquinone as a depigmenting agent in healthy individuals: A double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Anwar Anis Irawan , Asmarani Yulia , Madjid Asnawi , Patellongi Ilhamjaya , Adriani Anni , As’ad Suryani , Kurniadi Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHydroquinone, which is considered the gold standard skin depigmenting agent, has been associated with multiple side effects. Lately, deoxyarbutin has been suggested to be an alternative of hydroquinone with better safety profile.ObjectiveTo compare the depigmenting effect of 2% deoxyarbutin and 4% hydroquinone sera.MethodsThis double‐blind randomized controlled study was done on the right and left arms of healthy participants. Subjects were instructed to apply either 2% deoxyarbutin or 4% hydroquinone serum on each arm, which were randomly labeled as group A and B, every day for 12 weeks. Chromameter and mexameter analysis were done every 2 weeks to assess the color change. Paired and independent t‐tests were used to assess the color change within and between both groups, respectively.ResultsA total of 59 females participated in this study. Both groups showed significant improvement in skin depigmentation as shown by the chromameter (increase in L* value) and mexameter (decrease in melanin index) analysis at the end of the study (p < 0.05). No significant difference in both parameters was observed between both groups (p > 0.05). No side effects were reported in either groups.Conclusion2% deoxyarbutin and 4% hydroquinone sera showed comparable depigmenting efficacy.
Framing Sectarianism in the Middle East
Authors: Cheterian Vicken 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that a long view perspective of contemporary sectarianism between Sunni and Shia Islam in the Middle East could be read on the background of earlier forms of sectarianism going back to the 19th and 20th century history of the region. Such an approach would disentangle sectarianism from primordial narratives as an intrinsic problem of Islam going back to the early schism of the 7th century and place it in social formations and social practices, and link it to the emergence of sectarianism during the Ottoman age of reforms. It would explicit arguments that link sectarianism with modernism, discussing how the emergence of modern, secular institutions that were based in early‐modern millet system led to sects and sectarianism. The outcome of this approach is conceptualization of sect and sectarianism, its categorization, and confronting it with other modern narratives of the history of the Middle East.
Relation between oro‐facial thermographic findings and myofunctional characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ferreira Claudia Lúcia Pimenta , Castelo Paula Midori , Zanato Luciana Escanoela , Poyares Dalva , Tufik Sergio , Bommarito Silvana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the thermographic characteristics of oro‐facial structures and submental triangle of participants with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), as well as to investigate its correlation with the anatomy, posture and functions of the oro‐facial structures.MethodEighteen patients diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography (OSA group; 57.4 ± 15.8 years) and 13 healthy participants screened for OSA (control group; 57.8 ± 18.1 years) were included. All participants answered to questionnaires for OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness, and were submitted to infrared image thermography analysis of facial regions of interest (ROIs), oro‐facial myofunctional evaluation (OMES‐E protocol) and masticatory performance. Statistical analysis included one‐way ANOVA and Pearson/Spearman correlation test.ResultsObstructive sleep apnoea group showed lower thermographic measures in many ROIs in the frontal and lateral views of the face, including the submental triangle region, and lower scores of aspect/posture and performance of oro‐facial structures, as well lower total score of OMES‐E evaluation (P < .05). Scores of aspect/posture and mobility were correlated with the temperature of some ROIs in the frontal and lateral views.ConclusionLower facial skin and submental triangle region temperatures, measured by infrared thermography, and a worse oro‐facial myofunctional condition were identified in the group of individuals with OSA. The higher temperatures of the ROIs were correlated with the better status of aspect/posture and performance of the oro‐facial myofunctional structures.
Fiscal Devaluation with Endogenous Markups: Productivity and Welfare*
Authors: Belan Pascal , Carbonnier Clément , Carré Martine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study fiscal devaluation (i.e., revenue‐neutral shift from payroll to consumption tax) in a two‐country model of international trade. We analyze how such a policy modifies competition between heterogeneous producers, endogenous markups, and the allocation of inputs. We show that fiscal devaluation increases (resp. decreases) consumption in the net importing (resp. net exporting) country, regardless of which country implements the policy. Numerical illustrations suggest that fiscal devaluation is a deflationary policy. In most cases, input resources are reallocated to less productive firms, partly because of the deformation of the profit structure along the distribution of productivity.
Retrospective analysis of ocular disease in a population of captive pteropodid bats, 2003–2020
Authors: Turner Rachel C. , Alexander Amy B. , Wellehan James F. X. , Heard Darryl , Abbott Jeffrey R. , Crevasse Sarah E. , Plummer Caryn E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo perform retrospective analysis of captive pteropodid bats presented to the University of Florida for ocular or adnexal disease from 2003–2020.Animals studiedTwenty‐four individuals from seven species were included.ProceduresRecords were analyzed for disease process, methods of treatment, and surgical techniques and complications.ResultsThe most frequently reported abnormality was corneal disease (79%), followed by cataracts (54%), and uveitis (42%). Corneal disease was primarily attributed to either trauma or exposure keratitis secondary to buphthalmia. The majority of uveitis appeared to be lens‐induced. Five cases (21%) of glaucoma were reported, all of which accompanied lens luxation. Of the seven enucleations performed, six had post‐operative complications (85.7%), including swelling at the surgical site, seroma formation, and bacterial infection. There was no significant relationship between age and trauma, age and cataract formation, sex and trauma, or species and cataract formation.ConclusionsThe most common underlying cause of ocular pathology in these cases was trauma. While the bats tolerated topical and systemic treatment well, individual temperament must be taken into account when developing treatment plans, and prevention of injury is the most effective management strategy.