bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive work reflection during the evening and next‐day work engagement: Testing mediating mechanisms and cyclical processes
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Tian Amy Wei , Cao Jie , Grushina Svetlana V. 
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that positive work reflection during evening leisure time is related to short‐term affective benefits at bedtime and in the next morning. This study examines whether the favourable outcomes of positive work reflection persist into the next workday and tests mediating processes between evening positive work reflection and next‐day work engagement. Based on daily survey data from 152 employees (total of 687 days), we found that positive work reflection predicted next morning perceived work meaningfulness, next morning psychological availability, and next‐day co‐worker support. Perceived work meaningfulness and co‐worker support, but not psychological availability, in turn, predicted afternoon work engagement. Work engagement predicted subsequent positive work reflection. This study demonstrates that positively thinking about work‐related issues during leisure time is associated with positive outcomes during the next workday, which prompt subsequent positive work reflection.Practitioner points

Employees should be encouraged to reflect positively about their day at work during after‐work hours; instead of striving for full mental disengagement from work, employees could develop habits of positively reflecting about their workday during evening hours.

Being fully engaged during the day at work may support positive work reflection during the evening; accordingly, employees may focus on work experiences characterized by high vigour, dedication, and absorption.

Being aware of one’s work meaningfulness and receiving co‐worker support is helpful for translating positive work reflection into work engagement; accordingly, mental exercises that emphasize meaningfulness and acts that facilitate co‐worker support might be effective tools for increasing work engagement.
Urinary incontinence during laughter in children: Is it giggle incontinence?
Authors: San Soe T , Barnes Elizabeth H , Caldwell Patrina H Y 
Published: June 2021

AimGiggle incontinence is a distinct entity of childhood daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), where children wet themselves only when they laugh. The prevalence of true giggle incontinence is unknown, with confusion about the diagnosis of urinary incontinence occurring during laughter and true giggle incontinence. The aim of the study is to improve our understanding of urinary incontinence during laughter by comparing those children with children who have DUI at other times, but not with laughter.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective medical record review of children with DUI who presented to a tertiary continence service from 2017 to 2018, collecting data on age, gender, associated comorbidities, lower urinary tract symptoms, investigations, provisional diagnosis at first visit and initial treatment responses. Differences between those with DUI occurring during laughter and those with DUI at other times, but not with laughter were compared using standard statistical methods.ResultsOf the 277 new patients seen during the study period, 140 (51%) had DUI, and of these, 72 (51%) had DUI occurring during laughter. Children with incontinence occurring during laughter were more likely to have incontinence associated with other activities. One child had giggle incontinence according to the International Children's Continence Society's definition. Four other children were referred specifically for urinary incontinence associated with laughter, with the term giggle incontinence sometimes used by the referring doctor.ConclusionChildren with DUI commonly experience incontinence during laughter, but true giggle incontinence is rare. Correct diagnosis is essential as it directs treatment.
Are reasons normatively basic?
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding reasons is essential both for understanding human behavior and for constructing a theory of moral conduct. Reasons have been widely viewed as the most basic elements in normative theory, and moral reasons have been considered the most basic elements in ethics. Arguably, rational acts are those best supported by reasons, and morally right acts are those best supported by moral reasons. There is little doubt, however, that what is good is also important for both the rationality and the morality of actions. Given these points, this paper explores four related questions: What kinds of elements, say facts or propositional attitudes, constitute (normative) reasons for action? What is the relation between considerations of value—for instance regarding the intrinsically good or intrinsically bad—and normative reasons for action? Are reasons—for belief as well as for actions—equivalent to grounds for them? And how do answers to these questions bear on ethical theory? This paper provides a partial theory of reasons, values, and grounds that distinguishes different kinds of reason‐ascribing locutions, reveals, in the light of that distinction, a kind of normative dependence of reasons on values, and represents both reasons and values as metaphysically grounded in elements of experience.
PagWOX11/12a activates PagCYP736A12 gene that facilitates salt tolerance in poplar
Authors: Wang Liu‐Qiang , Wen Shuang‐Shuang , Wang Rui , Wang Chao , Gao Bei , Lu Meng‐Zhu 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe WUSCHEL‐related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors WOX11 and WOX12 regulate adventitious rooting and responses to stress. The underlying physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms in salt stress tolerance remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the roles of PagWOX11/12a from 84K poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) and the underlying regulatory mechanism in salt stress. PagWOX11/12a was strongly induced by salt stress in roots. Overexpression of PagWOX11/12a in poplar enhanced salt tolerance, as evident by the promotion of growth‐related biomass. In contrast, salt‐treated PagWOX11/12a dominant repression plants displayed reduced biomass growth. Under salt stress conditions, PagWOX11/12a‐overexpressed lines showed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity and lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than non‐transgenic 84K plants, whereas the suppressors displayed the opposite phenotype. In addition, PagWOX11/12a directly bound to the promoter region of PagCYP736A12 and regulated PagCYP736A12 expression. The activated PagCYP736A12 could enhance ROS scavenging, thus reducing H2O2 levels in roots under salt stress in PagWOX11/12a‐overexpressed poplars. The collective results support the important role of PagWOX11/12a in salt acclimation of poplar trees, indicating that PagWOX11/12a enhances salt tolerance through modulation of ROS scavenging by directly regulating PagCYP736A12 expression in poplar.
Fluorescent nanoparticle‐mediated semiquantitative MYC protein expression analysis in morphologically diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Takayanagi Natsuko , Momose Shuji , Kikuchi Jun , Tanaka Yuka , Anan Tomoe , Yamashita Takahisa , Higashi Morihiro , Tokuhira Michihide , Kizaki Masahiro , Tamaru Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current World Health Organization (WHO) classification defines a new disease entity of high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, making fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for these genes mandatory. In addition, the prognostic significance of MYC expression was reported, with a cut‐off value of 40%. However, interobserver discrepancies arise due to the heterogeneous intensity of MYC expression by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, a cut‐off value of positivity for MYC protein in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) varies among studies at present. Here, we applied a high‐sensitivity semiquantitative immunohistochemical technique using fluorescent nanoparticles called phosphor‐integrated dots (PID) to evaluate the MYC expression in 50 de novo DLBCL cases, and compared it with the conventional diaminobenzidine (DAB)‐developing system. The high MYC expression detected by the PID‐mediated system predicted poor overall survival in DLBCL patients. However, we found no prognostic value of MYC protein expression for any cut‐off value by the DAB‐developing system, even if the intensity was considered. These results indicate that the precise evaluation of MYC protein expression can clarify the prognostic values in DLBCL, irrespective of MYC rearrangement.
Golden Boys, Bros, and Barbecues: Gendered Occidentalism and the Shaping of US Policy in the Middle East
Authors: Razavi Negar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic and archival research among foreign policy elites in Washington, DC, this article turns attention to the affective gendered and racialized work that shapes US foreign policy. In particular, this article focuses on a form of strategic mimicry I call “gendered Occidentalism,” which has been used by representatives of Persian Gulf states to gain entry into the US foreign policy establishment, and through it, the authoritative power to interpret the “Middle East” for their elite American counterparts. To make this argument, I examine both a historical and contemporary case study, showing the trajectory of this gendered Occidentalism and the ways Gulf policy elites have been able to adapt these affective techniques to align with the changing gendered and racialized norms of the DC establishment. Ultimately, this article considers a more dynamic geopolitical landscape in which less powerful states can—through the affective techniques deployed by their representatives—influence how a hegemonic state like the United States perceives and pursues in its interests abroad.[gender, policy, affect, diplomacy, Middle East]
A comprehensive review of oyster peptides: Preparation, characterisation and bioactivities
Authors: Hao Lili , Wang Xincen , Cao Yunrui , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOysters are a healthy and excellent source of lean protein (content up to 45%–57%). In addition, polypeptides extracted from hydrolysis of oyster protein by enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation have diverse bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, promoting sexual reproduction, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer. However, there are still great challenges in the preparation and characterisation of oyster polypeptides. Besides, the bioactivities and the corresponding underlying mechanisms of oyster peptides (OPs) have not yet been fully described. In order to obtain more specific peptides with potential bioactivities, optimisation of conditions employed during hydrolysis of oyster protein is therefore necessary, as well as the identification of the amino acid sequence and secondary structure of OPs. This review discusses latest research progress in preparation (including production, isolation and purification) and characterisation of OPs, with emphasis on their multiple bioactivities. Mechanisms underlying such bioactivities have also been presented. Comprehensive information about OPs could pave the way towards a functional development and more efficient utilisation of oysters. Collectively, there is growing evidence that OPs have potential health benefits. More research efforts are needed to determine their potential use in many contexts and ultimately develop more efficient and safer OP‐based products.
Effect of pasteurized egg yolk on the quality of cryopreserved boar semen
Authors: Selige Christin , Quirino Monike , Schröter Filip , Aepli Matteo , Schulze Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEgg yolk (EY, control) is an essential ingredient of diluents for boar semen cryopreservation. Pasteurized egg yolk (PEY) reduces hygienic risks in processing and is easier to standardize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of PEY (treatment) on frozen‐thawed boar semen. In a split‐sample approach (n = 13 boars), it could be shown that there is neither an influence (p > .05) on post‐thawing motility (PTM: 5, 30 and 120 min) nor on morphologically intact sperm, percentage of acrosome defects and membrane fluidity using a PEY extender compared to the control. Mitochondrial activity (p = .043), membrane integrity (p = .015) and PTM 300 min (p = .023) were slightly affected in the treatment group. Overall, sperm quality was at a high level in both experimental groups. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of PEY on the fertilizing capacity of boar ejaculates.
Trust, Perceptions of Risks and Benefits, and Normative Acceptance of Approaches for Restoring American Chestnut Trees
Authors: Petit Joshua D. , Needham Mark D. , Howe Glenn T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examined trust, perceived risks and benefits, and normative acceptance associated with using breeding and genetic engineering (GE) to restore American chestnut (AC) trees. Questionnaires were completed by a random representative sample of the public in the United States (n = 278) and a purposive sample of forest interest groups (FIG) such as scientists and managers (n = 195). These concepts were examined in relation to breeding (breed the AC with chestnut trees from Asia) and GE (add the oxalate oxidase [OxO] gene from bread wheat to the AC) approaches for mitigating chestnut blight and restoring AC trees. The public sample considered adding the gene from bread wheat (GE) to be more beneficial and slightly more acceptable, but also slightly riskier, compared to the breeding approach. The FIGs viewed the breeding approach to be more acceptable, less risky, and more beneficial than the GE approach. The FIGs viewed both approaches as less risky, more beneficial, and more acceptable than did the public sample. Path analysis showed that: (i) perceived environmental benefits were the strongest predictors of normative acceptance of both approaches for the public sample, (ii) perceived environmental risks were the strongest predictors of acceptance of both approaches for the FIGs, (iii) human benefits and risks were mostly unrelated to acceptance, and (iv) trust in government agencies charged with managing forests was only weakly associated with benefits, risks, and acceptance. Implications of these results for both research and management were discussed.
The Application of Continuous-Time Markov Chain Models in the Analysis of Choice Flume Experiments
Authors: Spence Michael A. , Muiruri Evalyne W. , Maxwell David L. , Davis Scott , Sheahan Dave 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An inhomogeneous continuous-time Markov chain model is proposed to quantify animal preference and avoidance behaviour in a choice experiment. We develop and apply our model to a choice flume experiment designed to assess the preference or avoidance responses of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to chlorinated seawater. Due to observed fluctuations in chlorine levels, a stochastic process was applied to describe and account for uncertainty in chlorine concentrations. A hierarchical model was implemented to account for differences between eight experimental runs and use Bayesian methods to quantify preference/avoidance after accounting for observed shoaling behaviour. The application of our method not only overcomes the need to track individuals during an experiment but also circumvents temporal autocorrelation and any violations of independence. Our model therefore surpasses current methods in choice chamber studies, incorporating variability in the environment and group-level dynamics to yield results that scale and generalise to the real-world.
Caries prevalence using ICDAS visual criteria and risk assessment in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A comparative study
Authors: Castelo Branco Camila Menezes Costa , Cabral Gloria Maria Pimenta , Castro Alix Maria Gregory Sawaya , Ferreira Ana Cristina Fernandes Maria , Bonacina Carlos Felipe , Lussi Adrian , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues , Diniz Michele Baffi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the dental caries prevalence using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and the caries risk by Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and normoactives (NAs).Methods and resultsSixty children and adolescents aged 6–12 years (30 CP/30 NA) were clinically evaluated by one calibrated examiner using two‐digit ICDAS criteria and converted into components of dmf/DMF indices: d2mf2/D2MF2 (enamel and dentin lesions) and d3mf3/D3MF3 (dentin lesions). An adapted CAMBRA was used for risk classification. The mean d2mf2s/d2mf2t and D2MF2S/D2MF2T for CP were 17.0 ± 16.8/7.5 ± 4.3 and 10.7 ± 17.6/5.3 ± 5.8, respectively, and for NA were 17.2 ± 16.9 /6.9 ± 4.8 and 11.1 ± 11.7/5.5 ± 4.7, respectively. The mean d3mf3s/d3mf3t and D3MF3S/D3MF3T for CP were 10.1 ± 16.7/3.0 ± 4.1 and 4.9 ± 15.6/0.2 ± 0.4, respectively, while for NA the mean values were 9.8 ± 13.0/3.5 ± 3.8 and 2.1 ± 5.7/0.9 ± 2.0, respectively. There were no statistically differences for caries prevalence and risk in both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsDental caries was highly prevalent in CP and NA children and adolescents. Enamel and dentin lesions and high caries risk were the most common condition.
Making the invisible more visible: Reflections on practice‐based humanising lifeworld‐led research – existential opportunities for supporting dignity, compassion and wellbeing
Authors: Ellis‐Hill Caroline , Pound Carole , Galvin Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe need for dignity and compassion in healthcare is enshrined in policy, but is often difficult to enact in practice and what is precisely meant by these concepts is unclear. In this paper, we have explored theoretical underpinnings which form the basis of a lifeworld‐led approach which was used in a research study to support the humanity of service providers and users alike.AimIn this article, we share our analysis of what we have learnt after undertaking an innovative appreciative action research project with patients and staff in a stroke ward with the aim of exploring if a novel phenomenologically driven and philosophically derived humanising framework could be applied in health care. Following the research, we wanted to develop a theoretical understanding of the processes occurring during the research in order to provide a framework and language which could be used to support practical lifeworld developments in the future. We analysed the approach through Participatory and Appreciative Action Reflection.FindingsAs researchers, we found that the approach was underpinned by four key existential principles. The first principle was recognising a mutually arising reality rather than a reality ‘out there’. The second was recognising a reality which was constantly changing rather than ‘fixed’. The third was recognising that we needed to work from within, as part of a human living system rather than trying to control reality from the ‘outside’. Finally, we recognised that this reality could only be accessed through human knowing, including embodied knowing rather than intellectual knowing alone. These principles challenged many of the usual ways of thinking and working within research and healthcare contexts.ConclusionUnderstanding the processes and reality in this way gave new perspectives; enhancing our understandings and views of ourselves, what is important and most importantly what is possible in caring systems.
Aftermath of fortnightly universal testing for severe acute respiratory corona virus‐2 infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Patel Manas R. , Kushwaha Ravi S. , Behera Manas , Bhadauria Dharmendra S. , Yachha Monika , Kaul Anupma , Prasad Narayan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAsymptomatic maintenance hemodialysis patients with acute respiratory corona virus‐2 (SARS‐COV‐2) are missed with pre‐dialysis screening without testing. The possible ideal strategy of testing each patient before each shift with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is not feasible. We aimed to study the effectiveness of fortnightly screening with RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 in curbing transmission.MethodsBetween July 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020, all 273 patients receiving hemodialysis were subjected to fortnightly testing for SARS‐Cov‐2 in the unit to detect asymptomatic patients. The cost and effectiveness of universal testing in preventing transmission were analyzed using susceptible‐infectious‐removed (SIR) modeling assuming R0 of 2.2.ResultsOf 273 MHD patients, 55 (20.1%) found infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 over 3 months. Six (10.9%) were symptomatic, and 49 (89.1%) asymptomatic at the time of testing. Six (10.9%) asymptomatic patients develop symptoms later, and 43 (78.2%) remained asymptomatic. A total of seven (6.1%) HCWs also tested positive for the virus. Fortnightly universal testing is cost‐effective, and SIR modeling proved effective in preventing person‐to‐person transmission.ConclusionsRepeated universal testing in maintenance hemodialysis patients detected 89% of asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 patients over 3 months and appeared to be an effective strategy to prevent person‐to‐person transmission in the dialysis unit.
Identifying achilles tendon structure differences by ultrasound tissue characterization in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Elgart Brian , Pietrosimone Laura S. , Lucero Angela , Stafford Harry C. , Berkoff David J. 
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound Tissue Characterization (UTC) is a modality that can be utilized to characterize tendon tissue structure using ultrasonographic imaging paired with a computer algorithm to distinguish echo‐types. Several studies have demonstrated UTCs ability to distinguish Achilles tendon morphology changes, but no study has established normative data of the Achilles tendon in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine UTC echo‐type distribution in the Achilles tendon in an asymptomatic population. UTC scans were completed and analyzed on 508 participants without Achilles tendinopathy. Dedicated UTC‐algorithms were used to distinguish and calculate echo‐type percentages and the fiber type distribution was compared. The overall sample echo‐type percentages demonstrated greater levels of Type I and II echo‐types, 65.73% and 32.00%, respectively, and lower levels of Type III and IV echo‐types, 1.74% and 0.57%, respectively. In addition, females had lower levels of Echo‐type I compared to men and greater levels of echo‐type II (p < 0.001). We also found that African‐Americans had significantly greater amounts of echo‐type I and lesser amounts of echo‐type II when compared to Caucasians (p < 0.05). The results of this study create a normative data set for future UTC studies to utilize as a baseline for the evaluation of Achilles tendons. In addition, it demonstrated tendon type differences between sexes and races that need to be accounted for in future studies.
Computational skills by stealth in introductory data science teaching
Authors: Burr Wesley , Chevalier Fanny , Collins Christopher , Gibbs Alison L , Ng Raymond , Wild Chris J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2010, Nolan and Temple Lang proposed “integration of computing concepts into statistics curricula at all levels.” The unprecedented growth in data and emphasis on data science has provided an impetus to finally realizing full implementations of this in new statistics and data science programs and courses. We discuss a proposal for the stealth development of computational skills in students' exposure to introductory data science through careful, scaffolded exposure to computation and its power. Our intent is to support students, regardless of interest and self‐efficacy in coding, in becoming data‐driven learners, who are capable of asking complex questions about the world around them, and then answering those questions through the use of data‐driven inquiry. Reference is made to the computer science and statistics consensus curriculum frameworks the International Data Science in Schools Project (IDSSP) recently published for secondary school data science or introductory tertiary programs, designed to optimize data‐science accessibility.