bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of two Devonian cupressocrinitids from the Schultze collection (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) and description of a newHalocrinites(Crinoidea, Eucladida)
Authors: Bohatý Jan , Ausich William I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo cupressocrinitids (Crinoidea, Eucladida) from the famous crinoid collection of Dr. Ludwig J.T. Schultze deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) are revised in the present study:Cupressocrinites hybridusn. comb. andHalocrinites minorn. comb. The rareC. hybridushas a stratigraphically and regionally restricted occurrence at the Eifelian–Givetian boundary of the Hillesheim Syncline (Eifel, Rhenish Massif, Germany), but the more commonH. minoroccurs supraregionally from the Eifelian to the Frasnian (Middle to Upper Devonian). Both cupressocrinitids are redescribed on the basis of the type material stored in the MCZ. In addition, the rareHalocrinites heinorumn. sp. from the Eifelian–Givetian boundary beds and lower Givetian of the Eifel (Rhenish Massif, Germany) is described, andEncrinus townsendi(König, 1825) is questionably reassigned toRobustocrinites:R.(?)townsendin. comb. Pre- and postmortem ossicular modifications of the studied cupressocrinitid skeletons are also discussed.UUID:http://zoobank.org/4598e1fa-8ca5-4160-8fee-6e8c6d444115
A typology of substitution: weather, armed conflict, and maritime piracy
Authors: Kikuta Kyosuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow do rebels choose among available tactics during civil war? How do they substitute one tactic for another? Although previous studies address these questions, they narrowly focus on the presence or absence of substitution. Differentiating the varieties of substitution, however, is critical. How rebels respond to their tactical environment—including weather conditions—depends on the type of substitution. I formally derive three types of substitution and test them by exploiting weather-induced exogenous variation in rebels' tactical costs for ground and marine violent activities. The analysis of daily panel data in 31 coastal conflict countries indicates that rebels substitute violent ground activities for maritime piracy but not vice versa. This asymmetry cannot be explained without differentiating substitution types.
Trimodality approach, using modern radiation techniques, for management of locally advanced adrenocortical carcinoma – case report
Authors: Laranja André , Ferreira Carolina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, still even after a R0 surgical margins, there is a high risk of recurrence.

Case Presentation:
A 26-year-old female diagnosed with a large functioning ACC treated with a trimodality approach (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Postoperative radiotherapy was proposed regarding the high risk of recurrence. A dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was delivered to the patient using a volumetric-modulated arc therapy plan. Radiotherapy was safe and well tolerated, and no local recurrence was observed so far (13 months after radiotherapy).

Conclusions:
Due to the rarity of ACC and the lack of evidence regarding this entity, therapeutic approach can be challenging. Recent evidence suggests that radiotherapy could have an important role in the therapeutic arsenal.
Co-opting the cooperative movement? Development, decolonization, and the power of expertise at the Co-operative College, 1920s–1960s
Authors: Moulton Mo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCooperative departments and organizations were a ubiquitous but rarely studied aspect of British colonial governance in the twentieth century. The Co-operative College in Britain provided specialized training in colonial cooperation to students from across the British Empire. The cooperative movement was a key part of the emergence of regimes of development in the decades between the 1920s and 1960s, reflecting their emphasis on modular solutions deployed by experts in an increasingly homogenizing ‘developing world’. However, the colonial and post-colonial students at the Co-operative College were also critical of colonialism and capitalism, participating in the anti-colonial internationalist effort to create a more just post-imperial world. As post-colonial governments retained cooperative structures, the former students of the Co-operative College used the movement as a counter-balance to the larger forces of nationalism and neo-colonialism.
The JewishVerfassung, the Israelinomos: the constitutional situation of the beginnings of the State of Israel in the context of Carl Schmitt's political and legal philosophy
Authors: Engelking Wojciech 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper is an attempt to examine how Carl Schmitt's constitutional theory can be useful to analyse the Constitution of the State of Israel designed in the late 1940s – the impact of which Jacob Taubes once certified. The author analyses three projects created then by Leo Kohn through the prism of Schmitt's concept ofVerfassungandVerfassungsgesetz. He also reads in the context of Schmitt's philosophy (fromConstitutional TheoryandTheNomosof the Earth) the constitutional situation of Israel as a country where, first, the Constitution has not been passed and the basic matter of its legal system is regulated by the Basic Laws; second, citizens of Arab origin are excluded from the national community; and third, the borders of the state remain fluid and change due to the constant partition of the land.
Hydrothermal Vents Are a Source of Old Refractory Organic Carbon to the Deep Ocean
Authors: Luther George W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on the C‐14 data of Druffel et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl092904) along the Eastern Pacific Rise, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the deep ocean is old and thus refractory. Their data in combination with previous He‐3 data indicate that the source of this aged DOC is from the hot waters emanating from hydrothermal vents along the ridge axis. The isotopic and structural composition of the source DOC is unknown, which requires a concerted effort by the marine organic chemistry community to elucidate these chemical forms.
Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Mercury Species in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Yue Fange , Xie Zhouqing , Yan Jinpei , Zhang Yanxu , Jiang Bei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAntarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean act as an important sink in the global mercury cycle; however, corresponding studies of atmospheric mercury species in these regions are still scarce. Here, we report large‐scale observations of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) in the Antarctic marine boundary layer (MBL) taken during a summer cruise. There is large variability in the spatial distribution of GOM, which is likely attributable to the diverse land surface types, including coastal Antarctica, sea‐ice region, and oceanic region, along the cruise route. In coastal Antarctica, the highest GOM level (56.23 ± 47.74 pg·m−3) might be attributed to the significant in‐situ oxidation there. Significant in‐situ oxidation of GEM could also occur in the sea‐ice region, causing the significant increase of GOM (up to 87.01 pg·m−3), while the uptake of the high content of sea‐salt aerosols in sea‐ice regions might efficiently eliminate GOM in the air, resulting in generally lower content of GOM (13.10 ± 14.48 pg·m−3) in the sea‐ice region. In the oceanic region, the lowest level of GOM (3.95 ± 4.69 pg·m−3) is due to both the uptake of sea‐salt aerosols and the seasonal melting of first‐year sea‐ice. This study provides insight to understand the mechanisms of the atmospheric mercury cycle in various land surface types in the Antarctic MBL.
Predictive Proxies of Present and Future Lightning in a Superparameterized Model
Authors: Charn Alexander B. , Parishani Hossein 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA superparameterized climate model is used to assess the global performance of several previously proposed proxies for lightning. In particular, predictors incorporating hydrometeor (ice, graupel) profiles and convective vertical velocities are compared to observations, then used to estimate changes in flash rates with global warming. The choice of microphysics parameterization is also investigated, with all predictors showing higher correlations with Lightning Imaging Sensor/Optical Transient Detector observations when using a 2‐moment scheme compared to a 1‐moment representation. All proxies generally agree in their response to warming over tropical land, with notable decreases in Africa, the Middle East, and northern South America, but disagree over oceans and the midlatitudes. The product of convective available potential energy and precipitation predicts increases over these latter areas, as do the 2‐moment ice‐based proxies, while those of the 1‐moment model tend to show decreases, highlighting the importance of cloud microphysics when using climate models to simulate lightning.
Potential of Regional Ionosphere Prediction Using a Long Short‐Term Memory Deep‐Learning Algorithm Specialized for Geomagnetic Storm Period
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Heon , Kwak Young‐Sil , Kim YongHa , Moon Su‐In , Jeong Se‐Heon , Yun JongYeon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn our previous study (Moon et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.77.1265), we developed a long short‐term memory (LSTM) deep‐learning model for geomagnetic quiet days (LSTM‐quiet) to perform effective long‐term predictions for the regional ionosphere. However, their model could not predict geomagnetic storm days effectively at all. This study developed an LSTM model suitable for geomagnetic storms using the new training data set and redesigning input parameters and hyper‐parameters. We collected 131 days of geomagnetic storm cases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019, provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency's Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, and obtained the interplanetary magnetic field Bz, Dst, Kp, and AE indices related to the geomagnetic storm corresponding to each storm date from the OMNI database. These indices and F2 parameters (foF2 and hmF2) of Jeju ionosonde (33.43°N, 126.30°E) were used as input parameters for the LSTM model. To test and verify the predictive performance and the usability of the LSTM model for geomagnetic storms developed in this manner, we created and diagnosed the 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24‐h predictive LSTM models. According to the results of this study, the LSTM storm model for 24‐h developed in this study achieved a predictive performance during the three geomagnetic storms about 32% (10%), 34% (17%), and 37% (5%) better in root mean square error of foF2 (hmF2) than the LSTM quiet model (Moon et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.77.1265), SAMI2, and IRI‐2016 models. We propose that the short‐term predictions of less than 3 h are sufficiently competitive than other traditional ionospheric models. Thus, this study suggests that our model can be used for short‐term prediction and monitoring of the regional mid‐latitude ionosphere.
HIF-1α promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection and aggravates inflammatory responses to COVID-19
Authors: Tian Mingfu , Liu Weiyong , Li Xiang , Zhao Peiyi , Shereen Muhammad Adnan , Zhu Chengliang , Huang Shanyu , Liu Siyu , Yu Xiao , Yue Miaomiao , Pan Pan , Wang Wenbiao , Li Yongkui , Chen Xulin , Wu Kailang , Luo Zhen , Zhang Qiwei , Wu Jianguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCytokine storm induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major pathological feature of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a crucial determinant in COVID-19 prognosis. Understanding the mechanism underlying the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm is critical for COVID-19 control. Here, we identify that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and host hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) play key roles in the virus infection and pro-inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing shows that HIF-1α signaling, immune response, and metabolism pathways are dysregulated in COVID-19 patients. Clinical analyses indicate that HIF-1α production, inflammatory responses, and high mortalities occurr in elderly patients. HIF-1α and pro-inflammatory cytokines are elicited in patients and infected cells. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a induces mitochondrial damage and Mito-ROS production to promote HIF-1α expression, which subsequently facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokines production. Notably, HIF-1α also broadly promotes the infection of other viruses. Collectively, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ORF3a induces HIF-1α, which in turn aggravates viral infection and inflammatory responses. Therefore, HIF-1α plays an important role in promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection and inducing pro-inflammatory responses to COVID-19.
Diversity, prevalence, and expression of cyanase genes (cynS) in planktonic marine microorganisms
Authors: Mao Xuewei , Chen Jianwei , van Oosterhout Cock , Zhang Huan , Liu Guangxing , Zhuang Yunyun , Mock Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cyanate is utilized by many microbes as an organic nitrogen source. The key enzyme for cyanate metabolism is cyanase, converting cyanate to ammonium and carbon dioxide. Although the cyanase gene cynS has been identified in many species, the diversity, prevalence, and expression of cynS in marine microbial communities remains poorly understood. Here, based on the full-length cDNA sequence of a dinoflagellate cynS and 260 homologs across the tree of life, we extend the conserved nature of cyanases by the identification of additional ultra-conserved residues as part of the modeled holoenzyme structure. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that horizontal gene transfer of cynS appears to be more prominent than previously reported for bacteria, archaea, chlorophytes, and metazoans. Quantitative analyses of marine planktonic metagenomes revealed that cynS is as prevalent as ureC (urease subunit alpha), suggesting that cyanate plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism of marine microbes. Highly abundant cynS transcripts from phytoplankton and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria identified in global ocean metatranscriptomes indicate that cyanases potentially occupy a key position in the marine nitrogen cycle by facilitating photosynthetic assimilation of organic N and its remineralisation to NO3 by the activity of nitrifying bacteria.
Yeast-produced RBD-based recombinant protein vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and durable protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zang Jinkai , Zhu Yuanfei , Zhou Yu , Gu Chenjian , Yi Yufang , Wang Shuxia , Xu Shiqi , Hu Gaowei , Du Shujuan , Yin Yannan , Wang Yalei , Yang Yong , Zhang Xueyang , Wang Haikun , Yin Feifei , Zhang Chao , Deng Qiang , Xie Youhua , Huang Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMassive production of efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is essential for controlling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We report here the preclinical development of yeast-produced receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based recombinant protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We found that monomeric RBD of SARS-CoV-2 could be efficiently produced as a secreted protein from transformed Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) yeast. Yeast-derived RBD-monomer possessed functional conformation and was able to elicit protective level of neutralizing antibodies in mice. We further designed and expressed a genetically linked dimeric RBD protein in yeast. The engineered dimeric RBD was more potent than the monomeric RBD in inducing long-lasting neutralizing antibodies. Mice immunized with either monomeric RBD or dimeric RBD were effectively protected from live SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge even at 18 weeks after the last vaccine dose. Importantly, we found that the antisera raised against the RBD of a single SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain could effectively neutralize the two predominant circulating variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, implying broad-spectrum protective potential of the RBD-based vaccines. Our data demonstrate that yeast-derived RBD-based recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are feasible and efficacious, opening up a new avenue for rapid and cost-effective production of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to achieve global immunization.
PARylation prevents the proteasomal degradation of topoisomerase I DNA-protein crosslinks and induces their deubiquitylation
Authors: Sun Yilun , Chen Jiji , Huang Shar-yin N. , Su Yijun P. , Wang Wenjie , Agama Keli , Saha Sourav , Jenkins Lisa M. , Pascal John M. , Pommier Yves 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(ADP)-ribosylation (PARylation) regulates chromatin structure and recruits DNA repair proteins. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to track topoisomerase I (TOP1) in live cells, we found that sustained PARylation blocked the repair of TOP1 DNA-protein crosslinks (TOP1-DPCs) in a similar fashion as inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). PARylation of TOP1-DPC was readily revealed by inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), indicating the otherwise transient and reversible PARylation of the DPCs. As the UPS is a key repair mechanism for TOP1-DPCs, we investigated the impact of TOP1-DPC PARylation on the proteasome and found that the proteasome is unable to associate with and digest PARylated TOP1-DPCs. In addition, PARylation recruits the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 to reverse the ubiquitylation of PARylated TOP1-DPCs. Our work identifies PARG as repair factor for TOP1-DPCs by enabling the proteasomal digestion of TOP1-DPCs. It also suggests the potential regulatory role of PARylation for the repair of a broad range of DPCs.
A highly potent ruthenium(II)-sonosensitizer and sonocatalyst for in vivo sonotherapy
Authors: Liang Chao , Xie Jiaen , Luo Shuangling , Huang Can , Zhang Qianling , Huang Huaiyi , Zhang Pingyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a basic structure of most polypyridinal metal complexes, [Ru(bpy)3]2+, has the advantages of simple structure, facile synthesis and high yield, which has great potential for scientific research and application. However, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) performance of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ has not been investigated so far. SDT can overcome the tissue-penetration and phototoxicity problems compared to photodynamic therapy. Here, we report that [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is a highly potent sonosensitizer and sonocatalyst for sonotherapy in vitro and in vivo. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ can produce singlet oxygen (1O2) and sono-oxidize endogenous 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under ultrasound (US) stimulation in cancer cells. Furthermore, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ enables effective destruction of mice tumors, and the therapeutic effect can reach deep tissues over 10 cm under US irradiation. This work paves a way for polypyridinal metal complexes to be applied to the noninvasive precise sonotherapy of cancer.
Mesomelic dysplasias associated with the HOXD locus are caused by regulatory reallocations
Authors: Bolt Christopher Chase , Lopez-Delisle Lucille , Mascrez Bénédicte , Duboule Denis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman families with chromosomal rearrangements at 2q31, where the human HOXD locus maps, display mesomelic dysplasia, a severe shortening and bending of the limb. In mice, the dominant Ulnaless inversion of the HoxD cluster produces a similar phenotype suggesting the same origin for these malformations in humans and mice. Here we engineer 1 Mb inversion including the HoxD gene cluster, which positioned Hoxd13 close to proximal limb enhancers. Using this model, we show that these enhancers contact and activate Hoxd13 in proximal cells, inducing the formation of mesomelic dysplasia. We show that a secondary Hoxd13 null mutation in-cis with the inversion completely rescues the alterations, demonstrating that ectopic HOXD13 is directly responsible for this bone anomaly. Single-cell expression analysis and evaluation of HOXD13 binding sites suggests that the phenotype arises primarily by acting through genes normally controlled by HOXD13 in distal limb cells. Altogether, these results provide a conceptual and mechanistic framework to understand and unify the molecular origins of human mesomelic dysplasia associated with 2q31.
Adipose stem cell niche reprograms the colorectal cancer stem cell metastatic machinery
Authors: Di Franco Simone , Bianca Paola , Sardina Davide Stefano , Turdo Alice , Gaggianesi Miriam , Veschi Veronica , Nicotra Annalisa , Mangiapane Laura Rosa , Lo Iacono Melania , Pillitteri Irene , van Hooff Sander , Martorana Federica , Motta Gianmarco , Gulotta Eliana , Lentini Vincenzo Luca , Martorana Emanuele , Fiori Micol Eleonora , Vieni Salvatore , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Giannone Giorgio , Giuffrida Dario , Memeo Lorenzo , Colarossi Lorenzo , Mare Marzia , Vigneri Paolo , Todaro Matilde , De Maria Ruggero , Medema Jan Paul , Stassi Giorgio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity is a strong risk factor for cancer progression, posing obesity-related cancer as one of the leading causes of death. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that endow cancer cells with metastatic properties in patients affected by obesity remain unexplored.Here, we show that IL-6 and HGF, secreted by tumor neighboring visceral adipose stromal cells (V-ASCs), expand the metastatic colorectal (CR) cancer cell compartment (CD44v6 + ), which in turn secretes neurotrophins such as NGF and NT-3, and recruits adipose stem cells within tumor mass. Visceral adipose-derived factors promote vasculogenesis and the onset of metastatic dissemination by activation of STAT3, which inhibits miR-200a and enhances ZEB2 expression, effectively reprogramming CRC cells into a highly metastatic phenotype. Notably, obesity-associated tumor microenvironment provokes a transition in the transcriptomic expression profile of cells derived from the epithelial consensus molecular subtype (CMS2) CRC patients towards a mesenchymal subtype (CMS4). STAT3 pathway inhibition reduces ZEB2 expression and abrogates the metastatic growth sustained by adipose-released proteins. Together, our data suggest that targeting adipose factors in colorectal cancer patients with obesity may represent a therapeutic strategy for preventing metastatic disease.
Off-the-shelf proximity biotinylation for interaction proteomics
Authors: Santos-Barriopedro Irene , van Mierlo Guido , Vermeulen Michiel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProximity biotinylation workflows typically require CRISPR-based genetic manipulation of target cells. To overcome this bottleneck, we fused the TurboID proximity biotinylation enzyme to Protein A. Upon target cell permeabilization, the ProtA-Turbo enzyme can be targeted to proteins or post-translational modifications of interest using bait-specific antibodies. Addition of biotin then triggers bait-proximal protein biotinylation. Biotinylated proteins can subsequently be enriched from crude lysates and identified by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate this workflow by targeting Emerin, H3K9me3 and BRG1. Amongst the main findings, our experiments reveal that the essential protein FLYWCH1 interacts with a subset of H3K9me3-marked (peri)centromeres in human cells. The ProtA-Turbo enzyme represents an off-the-shelf proximity biotinylation enzyme that facilitates proximity biotinylation experiments in primary cells and can be used to understand how proteins cooperate in vivo and how this contributes to cellular homeostasis and disease.