bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of parity and maternal obesity on the fetal outcomes of a non-selected Lower Saxony population
Authors: Brodowski Lars , Rochow Niels , Yousuf Efrah I. , Kohls Fabian , von Kaisenberg Constantin S. , Berlage Silvia , Voigt Manfred 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse intrauterine events and fetal outcomes and may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disease development in offspring. Higher parity, regardless of socioeconomic status, is associated with increased maternal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we examined the relationship between parity, maternal obesity, and fetal outcomes in a large sample of mother-neonate pairs from Lower Saxony, Germany.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined pseudonymized data of a non-selected singleton cohort from Lower Saxony’s statewide quality assurance initiative. 448,963 cases were included. Newborn outcomes were assessed in relation to maternal BMI and parity.

Results
Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of placental insufficiency, chorioamnionitis, and fetal distress while giving birth. This effect was present across all parity groups. Fetal presentation did not differ between BMI groups, except for the increased risk of high longitudinal position and shoulder dystocia in obese women. Maternal obesity was also associated with an increased risk of premature birth, low arterial cord blood pH and low 5-min APGAR scores.

Conclusions
Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. There is a positive correlation between parity and increased maternal BMI. Weight-dependent fetal risk factors increase with parity, while parity-dependent outcomes occur less frequently in multipara. Prevention and intervention programs for women planning to become pregnant can be promising measures to reduce pregnancy and birth complications.
High quality of 58-month life in lung cancer patient with brain metastases sequentially treated with gefitinib and osimertinib
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Xiaowen , Wang Fang , Feng Yan , Tang Huaping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) and bone metastases seriously affect the prognosis of lung cancer patients. How to optimize the use of existing targeted drugs is an important way to address the clinical needs of the central nervous system in the individualized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this report, we describe an NSCLC patient with BMs who survived for 58 months, which is the longest survival case among lung cancer patients with BMs. The patient was initially diagnosed with lung cancer more than 5 years ago with simultaneous brain, bone, and lung metastases. After gefitinib resistance, she received osimertinib in sequence with no progress for 58 months in total and maintained very good quality of life.
Plasmonic interference modulation for broadband nanofocusing
Authors: Li Shaobo , Yang Shuming , Wang Fei , Liu Qiang , Cheng Biyao , Rosenwaks Yossi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Metallic plasmonic probes have been successfully applied in near-field imaging, nanolithography, and Raman enhanced spectroscopy because of their ability to squeeze light into nanoscale and provide significant electric field enhancement. Most of these probes rely on nanometric alignment of incident beam and resonant structures with limited spectral bandwidth. This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates an asymmetric fiber tip for broadband interference nanofocusing within its full optical wavelengths (500–800 nm) at the nanotip with 10 nm apex. The asymmetric geometry consisting of two semicircular slits rotates plasmonic polarization and converts the linearly polarized plasmonic mode to the radially polarized plasmonic mode when the linearly polarized beam couples to the optical fiber. The three-dimensional plasmonic modulation induces circumference interference and nanofocus of surface plasmons, which is significantly different from the nanofocusing through plasmon propagation and plasmon evolution. The plasmonic interference modulation provides fundamental insights into the plasmon engineering and has important applications in plasmon nanophotonic technologies.
Dynamic Rhythmogenic Network States Drive Differential Opioid Responses in theIn VitroRespiratory Network
Authors: Burgraff Nicholas J. , Bush Nicholas E. , Ramirez Jan M. , Baertsch Nathan A. 
Published: October 2021

Death from opioid overdose is typically caused by opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). A particularly dangerous characteristic of OIRD is its apparent unpredictability. The respiratory consequences of opioids can be surprisingly inconsistent, even within the same individual. Despite significant clinical implications, most studies have focused on average dose–r esponses rather than individual variation, and there remains little insight into the etiology of this apparent unpredictability. The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) in the ventral medulla is an important site for generating the respiratory rhythm and OIRD. Here, using male and female C57-Bl6 micein vitro, we demonstrate that the preBötC can assume different network states depending on the excitability of the preBötC and the intrinsic membrane properties of preBötC neurons. These network states predict the functional consequences of opioids in the preBötC, and depending on network state, respiratory rhythmogenesis can be either stabilized or suppressed by opioids. We hypothesize that the dynamic nature of preBötC rhythmogenic properties, required to endow breathing with remarkable flexibility, also plays a key role in the dangerous unpredictability of OIRD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpioids can cause unpredictable, life-threatening suppression of breathing. This apparent unpredictability makes clinical management of opioids difficult while also making it challenging to define the underlying mechanisms of OIRD. Here, we find in brainstem slices that the preBötC, an opioid-sensitive subregion of the brainstem, has an optimal configuration of cellular and network properties that results in a maximally stable breathing rhythm. These properties are dynamic, and the state of each individual preBötC network relative to the optimal configuration of the network predicts how vulnerable rhythmogenesis is to the effects of opioids. These insights establish a framework for understanding how endogenous and exogenous modulation of the rhythmogenic state of the preBötC can increase or decrease the risk of OIRD.
“Tripartite Synapses” in Taste Buds: A Role for Type I Glial-like Taste Cells
Authors: Rodriguez Yuryanni A. , Roebber Jennifer K. , Dvoryanchikov Gennady , Makhoul Vivien , Roper Stephen D. , Chaudhari Nirupa 
Published: October 2021

In mammalian taste buds, Type I cells comprise half of all cells. These are termed “glial-like” based on morphologic and molecular features, but there are limited studies describing their function. We tested whether Type I cells sense chemosensory activation of adjacent chemosensory (i.e., Types II and III) taste bud cells, similar to synaptic glia. UsingGad2;;GCaMP3 mice of both sexes, we confirmed by immunostaining that, within taste buds, GCaMP expression is predominantly in Type I cells (with no Type II and ≈28% Type III cells expressing weakly). In dissociated taste buds, GCaMP+ Type I cells responded to bath-applied ATP (10-100 μm) but not to 5-HT (transmitters released by Type II or III cells, respectively). Type I cells also did not respond to taste stimuli (5 μmcycloheximide, 1 mmdenatonium). In lingual slice preparations also, Type I cells responded to bath-applied ATP (10-100 μm). However, when taste buds in the slice were stimulated with bitter tastants (cycloheximide, denatonium, quinine), Type I cells responded robustly. Taste-evoked responses of Type I cells in the slice preparation were significantly reduced by desensitizing purinoceptors or by purinoceptor antagonists (suramin, PPADS), and were essentially eliminated by blocking synaptic ATP release (carbenoxolone) or degrading extracellular ATP (apyrase). Thus, taste-evoked release of afferent ATP from type II chemosensory cells, in addition to exciting gustatory afferent fibers, also activates glial-like Type I taste cells. We speculate that Type I cells sense chemosensory activation and that they participate in synaptic signaling, similarly to glial cells at CNS tripartite synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost studies of taste buds view the chemosensitive excitable cells that express taste receptors as the sole mediators of taste detection and transmission to the CNS. Type I “glial-like” cells, with their ensheathing morphology, are mostly viewed as responsible for clearing neurotransmitters and as the “glue” holding the taste bud together. In the present study, we demonstrate that, when intact taste buds respond to their natural stimuli, Type I cells sense the activation of the chemosensory cells by detecting the afferent transmitter. Because Type I cells synthesize GABA, a known gliotransmitter, and cognate receptors are present on both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, Type I cells may participate in GABAergic synaptic transmission in the manner of astrocytes at tripartite synapses.
Corticosteroids for Acute Orbital Cellulitis
Authors: Leszczynska Maria Anna , Sochet Anthony Alexander , Nguyen Anh Thy H. , Mateus Jazmine , Morrison John Michael 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES
Standard treatment of children hospitalized for acute orbital cellulitis includes systemic antibiotics. Recent data from single-center studies suggest the addition of systemic corticosteroids may hasten clinical improvement and reduce hospital length of stay (LOS). We investigate the potential relationship between corticosteroid exposure and duration of hospitalization for pediatric orbital cellulitis.

METHODS
Using Pediatric Health Information System registry data from 51 children’s facilities, we performed a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized for orbital cellulitis &lt;18 years of age from 2007 to 2018. The primary study outcome was hospital LOS. Secondary outcomes included frequency of surgical interventions, PICU admission, and 30-day related-cause readmission.

RESULTS
Of the 5645 children included for study, 1347 (24%) were prescribed corticosteroids within 2 days of admission. Corticosteroid prescription was not associated with LOS in analyses adjusted for age; presence of meningitis, abscess, or vision issues; and operative episode and PICU admission within 2 days (eβ = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–1.06). Corticosteroid exposure was associated with operative episodes after 2 days of hospitalization (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29–3.27) and 30-day readmission (odds ratio = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.52–3.78) among patients with a primary diagnosis of orbital cellulitis.

CONCLUSIONS
In this database query, we were not able to detect a reduction in LOS associated with corticosteroid exposure during hospitalization for orbital cellulitis. Corticosteroid prescription was associated with PICU admission and operative episodes after 2 days of hospitalization. Before the adoption of routine corticosteroid use, prospective, randomized control trials are needed.
Coarse-graining strategies for predicting properties of closely related polymer architectures: A case study of PEEK and PEKK
Authors: Chattaraj Sandipan , Basu Sumit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability of atomistic and coarse-grained models to discern between two polymers of very similar architecture is examined. To this end, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) are chosen. The difference in glass transition temperature and the similarity in compressive responses of the two polymers are captured by all-atom models. A coarse-graining scheme, with 6 beads per monomer and 3 types of beads, leads to a good approximation of the structure and packing of chains of PEEK and PEKK. The CG model reproduces differences in weakly rate-dependent properties such as $${T}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

T
g

. Comparison between strongly rate-dependent uniaxial stress–strain responses of these two polymers requires a knowledge of the scaling between physical strain rate in one to the effective rate in the other. The scaling can be approximately determined by comparing the variation of yield strength with strain rate, obtained from small-sized simulations.
Graphic abstract
Effectiveness of Selected Issues of Used Tyre Management in Poland
Authors: Przydatek Grzegorz , Budzik Grzegorz , Janik Małgorzata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to assess selected issues regarding used tyre management efficiency in Poland from 2008 to 2018, considering their generation, collection, recovery and accumulation per area based on European Union and national regulations. Within 11 years, over 5 million Mg of used tyres were introduced into the domestic market, exceeding the amount for 50 million registered vehicles. A significant process in tyre waste management was the recovery of 47% of tyres, almost entirely correlated with the total volume of tyres. Only the growth trend of the generated tyres was considered significant, and the rarely used indicator of the accumulation of used tyres per area exhibited an uneven accumulation of used tyres with the highest amount at 48.06 Mg km− 2 in a region with a small area but a significant volume of waste tyres. Therefore, management of used tyres requires taking action in the country to optimise increasing waste collection and rational recovery in the context of further minimising environmental pressure and increasing the efficiency of their use, considering advanced technology.
Influence of forage proportion and ensiling periods on physical characteristics and qualities of Panicum maximum (Ntchisi) and Stylosanthes guianensis silage
Authors: okukenu Oluwafemi Adeyemi , Okunogbe Sunday Olawale , Afolabi Rashidat Adewunmi , Dele Peter Aniwe , Akinyemi Bolanle Temitope , Amisu Ahmed Adeyemi , Jolaosho Alaba Olufunmilayo , Onifade Olufemi Sunday 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of proportion of grass-legume mixtures and ensiling periods on the physical characteristics and qualities of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes guainensis silage. The experiment was laid in a 2×3 factorial arrangement which comprised of two (2) forage proportions (100% and 50%:50%) and three (3) ensiling periods (30, 60 and 90 days). Results showed that there was only significant (p<0.05) different on pH as affected by ensiling periods whereby the pH values decline as the ensiling periods increases. The highest (p<0.05) CP (10.75%) and NFC (15.33%) contents was observed in equal proportion of P. maximum and S. guianensis silage. The effect of ensiling period effect on the proximate composition was significant (p<0.05) whereby P. maximum and S. guianensis ensiled for 90 days recorded the highest value for dry matter (DM) (96.88%) and ether extract (EE) (5.50) while P. maximum and S. guianensis ensiled for 30 days had highest CP content of 12.70%. Effect of proportion was significant (p<0.05) on the NDF, ADF and cellulose contents. Sole P. maximum silage had higher NDF (59.67%), ADF (33.83%) and cellulose (29.17%) contents compared to other proportion. There was declined in NDF and ADF contents as the ensiling period extended from 30 to 90 days in which silage ensiled at 90 days had the least content of 54.00 and 32.25% respectively. It is therefore concluded that silage made from equal proportion of P. maximum and S. guainensis silage had the highest crude protein and low structural components.
Time to Death and Its Predictors Among Neonates Admitted With Neonatal Sepsis at Public Referral Hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abebia Mekdes Tadesse , Kibret Getasew Tesfa , Belete Minyichil Birhanu , Asmare Azeb Geddif , Abate Mahlet Tamirat , Abebe Silenat Muluken , Wondfraw Haileyesus Gedamu , Wuletaw Dagmawit Zewdu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: In spite of recent advances in health care, neonatal sepsis is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates and is an ongoing major global public health challenge. Its incidence of mortality varies from health institution to health institution and within the same health institution at varied times and depends on predisposing factors. So the aim of this study was to determine the time to death and its predictors among neonates admitted with neonatal sepsis. Methods: An institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 500 randomly selected neonatal charts. The data was entered using Epi data version 3.1, and exported to and analyzed at STATA version 14. Bivariable and multivariable cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors of mortality. Association was summarized using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and statistical significances were declared at 95% CI and P-value <0.05. Proportionality assumption was tested by global test based on Schoenfeld residuals analysis. Results: During the follow up time, 58 (11.6%) neonates were died with neonatal sepsis while the rest were censored. In this study the overall death incidence rate was 20.5 per 1000 neonate days. Comorbidity (AHR: 1.81, 95%, CI: 1.04, 3.17), late initiation of exclusive breast feeding over one hour (AHR: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.13,4.63), history of intra-partum fever(AHR: 7.37 95%CI: 2.28,23.79), Birth weight (AHR: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.54, 7.34) and place of delivery(AHR: 3.83, 95%, CI: 1.24, 11.83) were found potential independent predictors of mortality among neonates with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion: In this study, high death incidence rate was observed. The mean time to death among neonates was 4.41 days. With regard to predictors: birth weight, comorbidity, late initiation of exclusive breast feeding over one hour, history of intra partum fever and place of delivery were significant predictors of mortality among neonates admitted with neonatal sepsis.
Effectiveness of Rocking Wall Tuned Mass Dampers in Reducing Dynamic Response of Structure Under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Nie Wei , Liu Shuxian , Lu Shasha , Liu Shaodong , Yin Hang , Bai Chun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To improve the frequency sensitivity of a single tuned mass damper (STMD) and solve the accuracy problem of multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in determining suitable installation location and effective number of tuned mass dampers (TMDs), this paper combines the construction characteristics of the rocking structures and the damping principle of TMDs to form a new type of MTMD, i.e., rocking wall tuned mass dampers (RW-TMDs). To verify the effectiveness of RW-TMDs, Finite element analyses were conducted to systematically compare the damping performance of the structure with STMD and RW-TMDs under different earthquake excitations. The results show that the RW-TMDs with different dynamic characteristics not only significantly suppress structural dynamic response but also improve the frequency sensitivity of TMD, reducing structural damage. Besides, the RW-TMDs can also improves structural inter-story deformation pattern under white noise excitation, preventing the occurrence of the layer collapse mechanism. Overall, the RW-TMDs exhibit the damping effect of the MTMD system and the advantage of rocking structures to control inter-story deformation. Therefore, the RW-TMDs possess a high potential for practical applications for new and existing buildings.
The diagnostic utility of microCT for assessing bioerosion in archaeological bone
Authors: Mandl Kirsten , Carlson Kellie Sara Duffett , Brönnimann David , McCall Ashley , Grassberger Martin , Teschler-Nicola Maria , Weiss-Krejci Estella , Metscher Brian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent advances have broadened the application of palaeoradiology for non-destructive investigation of ancient remains. X-ray microtomography (microCT) in particular is increasingly used as an alternative to histological bone sections for interpreting pathological alterations, trauma, microstructure, and more recently bioerosion with direct or ancillary use of histological indices. However, no systematic attempt has been made to confirm the reliability of microCT for histotaphonomic analysis of archaeological bone. The objectives of this study are therefore to (1) compare thin sections of human femora rated with the Oxford Histological Index to microCT sections using a newly developed Virtual Histological Index, and (2) provide an accessible methodology for the evaluation and visualization of bioerosion in archaeological bone using virtual anthropology techniques. We provide detailed descriptions of virtual sections and volume renderings, and also assess the efficacy of the method on cranial and postcranial elements, cremated long bones, and faunal samples. Furthermore, the need for time-consuming image segmentation is reduced by applying two noise-reducing, edge-preserving filters, and rendering with a colormap chosen to visualize bioerosion along with canal structure and density in 3D. The histological and virtual methods showed a strong correlation, providing the first systematic data substantiating lab-based microCT as a suitable alternative tool for reconstructing post-mortem history in the archaeological record, and for the reliable, non-destructive screening of samples for further analyses.
Videos With the Hashtag #vaping on TikTok and Implications for Informed Decision-making by Adolescents: Descriptive Study
Authors: Basch Corey H , Fera Joseph , Pellicane Alessia , Basch Charles E 
Published: October 2021

Background
Despite the public health importance of vaping and the widespread use of TikTok by adolescents and young adults, research is lacking on the nature and scope of vaping content on this networking service.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to describe the content of TikTok videos related to vaping.

Methods
By searching the hashtag #vaping in the discover feature, ~478.4 million views were seen during the time of data collection. The first 100 relevant videos under that hashtag were used in this study. Relevance was determined by simply noting if the video was related in any way to vaping. Coding consisted of several categories directly related to vaping and additional categories, including the number of likes, comments, and views, and if the video involved music, humor, or dance.

Results
The 100 videos included in the sample garnered 156,331,347 views; 20,335,800 likes; and 296,460 comments. The majority of the videos (n=59) used music and over one-third (n=37) used humor. The only content category observed in the majority of the videos sampled was the promotion of vaping, which was included in 57 videos that garnered over 74 million views (47.5% of cumulative views). A total of 42% (n=42) of the 100 videos sampled featured someone vaping or in the presence of vape pens, and these videos garnered over 22% (>35 million) of the total views.

Conclusions
It is necessary for public health agencies to improve understanding of the nature and content of videos that attract viewers’ attention and harness the strength of this communication channel to promote informed decision-making about vaping.