bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different diet alternatives to replace the use of pharmacological levels of zinc on growth performance and fecal dry matter of weanling pigs
Authors: Laskoski Fernanda , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Dritz Steve S , Gebhardt Jordan T , Goodband Robert D , Faccin Jamil E G , Bortolozzo Fernando P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA total of 300 weanling pigs (Line 400 × 200, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 4.83 kg) were used in a 46-d trial to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies to replace pharmacological levels of Zn, provided by zinc oxide (ZnO), in nursery diets on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Six treatments with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen were used. Diets consisted of: (1) positive control (ZnO providing 3,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 8 to 25 and 21% crude protein, CP); (2) negative control (NC; no added ZnO); (3) NC plus 1.2% Na diformate; (4) NC with 4% coarse ground wheat bran; (5) NC but formulated to 18% CP; and (6) the combination of NC with 18% CP, 1.2% Na diformate, and 4% coarse ground wheat bran. The diets formulated to 18% CP contained 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys from d 0 to 25, whereas the 21% CP diets contained 1.4% SID Lys from d 0 to 7 and 1.35% SID Lys from d 7 to 25. From d 25 to 46, all pigs were fed a common diet. From d 0 to 7, no differences in any variables were observed between treatments. From d 7 to 25, pigs fed the diet with added ZnO had greater (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than all other treatments. Pigs fed the diet formulated to 18% CP had decreased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG when compared with pigs fed the other diets. From d 25 to 46, no previous treatment effects on ADG or gain to feed ratio (G:F) were observed. Overall (d 0 to 46), pigs fed the diet with added ZnO from d 0 to 25 had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and final body weight than pigs fed added Na Diformate, or 4% coarse ground wheat bran, or with the 18% CP diet, or with pigs fed the combination of the additives intermediate. There was no evidence for differences in overall G:F. Pigs fed the NC diet had the lowest fecal DM and highest fecal scores (P &lt; 0.05), indicating the greatest incidence of loose stools. Pigs fed added ZnO had greater fecal DM than pigs fed the NC, 4% added wheat bran, or 18% CP diets, or with pigs fed the combination of additives intermediate (P &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that adding pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO improves nursery pig performance and increases DM content of feces when compared with pigs fed diets with either Na diformate, 4% course wheat bran, or 18% CP alone. However, a combination of all three alternatives appeared to be additive and partially restored growth performance similar to adding pharmacological levels of Zn.
High-frequency stable isotope signals in uneven-aged forests as proxy for physiological responses to climate in Central Europe
Authors: Vitali Valentina , Klesse Stefan , Weigt Rosemarie , Treydte Kerstin , Frank David , Saurer Matthias , Siegwolf Rolf T W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Fagus sylvatica (L.) are important tree species in Europe, and the foreseen increase in temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) could increase the vulnerability of these species. However, their physiological performance under climate change at temperate and productive sites is not yet fully understood, especially in uneven-aged stands.
Therefore, we investigated tree-ring width and stable isotope chronologies (δ13C/δ18O) of these two species at 10 sites along a climate gradient in Central Europe. In these uneven-aged stands, we compared the year-to-year variability of dominant and suppressed trees for the last 80 years in relation to the sites’ spatial distribution and climate.
δ18O and δ13C were generally consistent across sites and species, showing high sensitivity to summer VPD, whereas climate correlations with radial growth varied much more and depended on mean local climate. We found no significant differences between dominant and suppressed trees in the response of stable isotope ratios to climate variability, especially within the annual high-frequency signals. In addition, we observed a strikingly high coherence of the high-frequency δ18O variations across long distances with significant correlations above 1500 km, whereas the spatial agreement of δ13C variations was weaker (~700 km). We applied a dual-isotope approach that is based on known theoretical understanding of isotope fractionations to translate the observed changes into physiological components, mainly photosynthetic assimilation rate and stomatal conductance. When separating the chronologies in two time windows and investigating the shifts in isotopes ratios, a significant enrichment of either or both isotope ratios over the last decades can be observed. These results, translated by the dual-isotope approach, indicate a general climate-driven decrease in stomatal conductance. This improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms controlling the short-term variation of the isotopic signature will help to define the performance of these tree species under future climate.
SARS-CoV-2 infections in airway epithelial cells from smokers versus non-smokers
Authors: Essaidi-Laziosi Manel , Torriani Giulia , Alvarez Catia , Kaiser Laurent , Eckerle Isabella 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWhether smoking exacerbates Coronavirus disease 2019 is still debated. Ex-vivo Infection of reconstituted epithelial tissues from smoker versus non-smoker donors suggested comparable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in epithelia from both groups.
Physiological relevance, localization and substrate specificity of the alternative (type II) mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases ofOgataea parapolymorpha
Authors: Juergens Hannes , Mielgo-Gómez Álvaro , Godoy-Hernández Albert , ter Horst Jolanda , Nijenhuis Janine M. , McMillan Duncan G. G. , Mans Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMitochondria fromOgataea parapolymorphaharbor a branched electron-transport chain containing a proton-pumping Complex I NADH dehydrogenase and three alternative (type II) NADH dehydrogenases (NDH2s). To investigate the physiological role, localization and substrate specificity of these enzymes, growth of various NADH dehydrogenase mutants was quantitatively characterized in shake-flask and chemostat cultures, followed by oxygen-uptake experiments with isolated mitochondria. Furthermore, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreduction of the three NDH2s were individually assessed. Our findings show that theO. parapolymorpharespiratory chain contains an internal NADH-accepting NDH2 (Ndh2-1/OpNdi1), at least one external NAD(P)H-accepting enzyme and likely additional mechanisms for respiration-linked oxidation of cytosolic NADH. Metabolic regulation appears to prevent competition between OpNdi1 and Complex I for mitochondrial NADH. With the exception of OpNdi1, the respiratory chain ofO. parapolymorphaexhibits metabolic redundancy and tolerates deletion of multiple NADH-dehydrogenase genes without compromising fully respiratory metabolism.ImportanceTo achieve high productivity and yields in microbial bioprocesses, efficient use of the energy substrate is essential. Organisms with branched respiratory chains can respireviathe energy-efficient proton-pumping Complex I, or make use of alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH2s). The yeastOgataea parapolymorphacontains three uncharacterized, putative NDH2s which were investigated in this work. We show thatO. parapolymorphacontains at least one ‘internal’ NDH2, which provides an alternative to Complex I for mitochondrial NADH oxidation, albeit at a lower efficiency. The use of this NDH2 appeared to be limited to carbon excess conditions and theO. parapolymorpharespiratory chain tolerated multiple deletions without compromising respiratory metabolism, highlighting opportunities for metabolic (redox) engineering. By providing a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological role of NDH2s, including insights into their metabolic capacity, orientation and substrate specificity this study also extends our fundamental understanding of respiration in organisms with branched respiratory chains.
Machine-Perception Nanosensor Platform to Detect Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Yaari Zvi , Yang Yoona , Apfelbaum Elana , Settle Alex , Cullen Quinlan , Cai Winson , Roche Kara Long , Levine Douglas A. , Fleisher Martin , Ramanathan Lakshmi , Zheng Ming , Jagota Anand , Heller Daniel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConventional molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies, present issues for the development of biomolecular assays for use in point-of-care devices, implantable/wearables, and under-resourced settings. Additionally, antibody development and use, especially for highly multiplexed applications, can be slow and costly. We developed a perception-based platform based on an optical nanosensor array that leverages machine learning algorithms to detect multiple protein biomarkers in biofluids. We demonstrated this platform in gynecologic cancers, which are often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to low survival rates. We investigated the platform for detection in uterine lavage samples, which are enriched with cancer biomarkers compared to blood. We found that the method enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in patient samples, with F1-scores of ~0.95 in uterine lavage samples from cancer patients. This work demonstrates the potential of perception-based systems for the development of multiplexed sensors of disease biomarkers without the need for specific molecular recognition elements.
Rapid acquisition of internal models of stimulus patterns by Purkinje cells enables faster behavioral responses
Authors: Narayanan Sriram , Varma Aalok , Thirumalai Vatsala 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe cerebellum is known to optimize behavioral responses via error minimization, yet how past sensory experience shapes cerebellar output is still poorly understood. We imaged cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) in larval zebrafish during a behavioral assay in which they learnt to expect the direction of optic flow stimulus. PCs encoded signals of expectation and a graded error signal when a deviant stimulus was encountered. The amplitude of the error signal scaled based on stimulus history over minute-timescales. Granule cells (GC) did not encode error, however, some GC types encoded putative expectation signals. When PC population-wide readouts of expectation and error signals were strong, swim latency was low and vice versa, indicating participation of these signals in motor planning. Consistent with this, lesioning the cerebellum abolished expectation-dependent modulation of swim latency. Based on these results we propose that PCs use expectation and error signals to acquire and update internal models of the world.HighlightsLarval zebrafish learn to expect repeatedly encountered optic flow stimuliStimulus history over minutes contributes to an internal model of the sensory worldPurkinje neuron activity encodes deviations from expected direction of optic flowThe cerebellum uses learnt expectations to generate lower latency swim responses
ePlant in 2021: New Species, Viewers, Data Sets, and Widgets
Authors: Waese-Perlman Ben , Pasha Asher , Ho Chantal , Azhieh Amirahmad , Liu Yushan , Sullivan Alexander , Lau Vincent , Esteban Eddi , Waese Jamie , Ly George , Hooper Cornelia , Staton S. Evan , Brereton Nicholas , Le Cuong , Nelson Rex , Lumba Shelley , Goodstein David , Millar A. Harvey , Parkin Isobel , Lukens Lewis , Ehlting Juergen , Rieseberg Loren , Pitre Frédéric , Brown Anne , Provart Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractePlant was introduced in 2017 for exploring largeArabidopsis thalianadata sets from the kilometre to nanometre scales. In the past four years we have used the ePlant framework to develop ePlants for 15 agronomically-important species: maize, poplar, tomato,Camelina sativa, soybean, potato, barley,Medicago truncatula, eucalyptus, rice, willow, sunflower,Cannabis sativa, wheat and sugarcane. We also updated the interface to improve performance and accessibility, and added two new views to the Arabidopsis ePlant – the Navigator and Pathways viewers. The former shows phylogenetic relationships between homologs in other species and their expression pattern similarities, with links to view data for those genes in the respective ePlants. The latter shows Plant Reactome metabolic reactions. We also describe new Arabidopsis data sets including single cell RNA-seq data from roots, and how to embed ePlant eFP expression pictographs into any web page.
Prostacyclin as a Negative Regulator of Angiogenesis in the Neurovasculature
Authors: Womack Tasha R , Li Jiabing , Govyadinov Pavel A , Mayerich David , Eriksen Jason L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, multiple measures of angiogenic processes were assessed in murine brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells after exposure to the stable prostacyclin analog, iloprost. Additionally, changes in the γ-secretase enzyme were evaluated after activation of prostacyclin signaling using PGI2overexpressing mouse brain tissue and immunohistology studies in bEnd.3 cells. A three-dimensional assay of tube formation revealed that iloprost inhibits normal formation by significantly reduced tube lengths and vessel mesh area. The iloprost-mediated inhibition of tube-like structures was ameliorated by a specific IP-receptor antagonist, CAY10449. Reductions in wound healing were observed with iloprost application in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was reversed using CAY10449. Iloprost did not exhibit anti-proliferative effects in the bEnd.3 cells. When subjected to a Transwell assay to evaluate changes in trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), bEnd.3 cells displayed reduced TEER values in the presence of iloprost an effect that lasted over prolonged periods (24 hours). Again, CAY10449 was able to reverse iloprost-mediated reductions in TEER value. Surprisingly, the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, produced higher TEER values in the bEnd.3 cells over the same time. The TEER results suggest that iloprost may not activating the Gs protein of the IP receptor to increase cAMP levels given by the opposing results seen with iloprost and forskolin. In terms of γ-secretase expression, PGI2overexpression in mice increased the expression of the APH-1α subunit in the hippocampus and cortex. In bEnd.3 cells, iloprost application slightly increased APH-1α subunit expression measured by western blot and interrupted the colocalization of Presenilin 1 and APH-1α subunits using immunohistochemistry. The results suggest that prostacyclin signaling within bEnd.3 cells is anti-angiogenic and further downstream events have effects on the expression and most likely the activity of the Aβ cleaving enzyme, γ-secretase.
Unraveling the critical growth factors for stable cultivation of (nano-sized) Micrarchaeota
Authors: Krause Susanne , Gfrerer Sabrina , Reuse Carsten , Dombrowski Nina , Villanueva Laura , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Neu Thomas R. , Kuhlicke Ute , Schmidt-Hohagen Kerstin , Hiller Karsten , Rachel Reinhard , Spang Anja , Gescher Johannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrarchaeota are members of the archaeal DPANN superphylum. These so far poorly characterized archaea have been found to have reduced genomes and likely depend on interactions with host organisms for growth and survival. Here we report on the enrichment of the first stable co-culture of a member of the Micrarchaeota together with its host, as well as the isolation of the latter. Electron microscopic analysis suggest that growth is dependent on the physical interaction of the two organisms within a biofilm. The interaction seems to be ensured by the necessity to grow in form of a biofilm. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses indicate a shift towards biofilm formation of the host as a result of co-cultivation. Finally, genomic, metabolomic, extracellular polymeric substance (EPSs) and lipid content analyses reveal that the Micrarchaeon symbiont relies on the acquisition of metabolites from its host and thereby provide first insights into the basis of symbiont-host interactions.
Rock versus pop: symbolic disputes at Rock in Rio music festival
Authors: Oliveira Medeiros Isabella , Evangelista Simone , Pereira de Sá Simone 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe paper aims to discuss the tensions between rock and pop genres at Rock in Rio, the most significant music festival in Brazil (which also has had international editions in Portugal, Spain and the USA), analyzing the construction and consolidation of Rock in Rio as a rock-related brand and mapping the disputes, negotiations and controversies between rock and pop music fans.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze those facts from a framework composed by discussions about musical genres (Frith, 1996; Blacking, 1995), social constructions about rock and pop, as well as debates about taste as performance (Hennion, 2007) on digital platforms. The corpus consists of 58 posts published between 2018 and 2019 in the period prior to Rock in Rio 2019, analyzed qualitatively.FindingsBy recalling the history of Rock in Rio, the authors demonstrate that the discourses and strategies involving the festival are contradictory, which reflects on disputes about the meanings of festivals on social media. A diverse set of controversy was found, such as discussions about the artists' authenticity as well as arguments that refer to the social constructions linked to certain musical genres.Originality/valueThe paper analyzes the Rock in Rio music festival from a perspective that is not observed very often, offering insights about the relevance of music genres as mediators of the perception of the festival as a brand and the controversies involving fans and anti-fans.
How does daily family-supportive supervisor behavior relieve subordinates' job stress? The effect of ethical leadership and positive emotions
Authors: Liu Chongrui , Wang Cong , Wang Hongjie , Xu Donghua 
Published: April 2021

PurposeRelying on a multilevel approach, this paper investigates the day-to-day variations in family-supportive supervisor behaviors influencing subordinates' job stress, as well as the mediating role of positive emotions and the moderating role of ethical leadership.Design/methodology/approachUsing the experience-sampling methodology, the study collected the data from 137 civil servants in China who responded to one daily survey for 10 working days.FindingsWith a total of 1,370 surveys, results supported the hypothesized model linking daily family-supportive supervisor behaviors to daily job stress via subordinates' daily positive emotions. In addition, the study found a moderating effect for ethical leadership positively in the indirect relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviors and job stress.Practical implicationsThe findings in this study serve practitioners in organizational and leadership development. For one thing, this study contributes to raising awareness about the importance of improving family-related support in the workplace in generating subordinates' positive emotions and relieving their job stress. For another, the findings highlight the necessity of cultivating ethical leadership for leaders.Originality/valueThis study fulfills an identified need to clarify how and when daily family supportive supervisor behaviors influence subordinates' daily job stress. This study moves beyond previous research by adopting the experience sampling method and demonstrating important cross-level effects of ethical leadership on the within-individual relationship between family supportive supervisor behaviors and job stress.
Robust cross-lingual knowledge base question answering via knowledge distillation
Authors: Wang Shaofei , Dang Depeng 
Published: April 2021

PurposePrevious knowledge base question answering (KBQA) models only consider the monolingual scenario and cannot be directly extended to the cross-lingual scenario, in which the language of questions and that of knowledge base (KB) are different. Although a machine translation (MT) model can bridge the gap through translating questions to the language of KB, the noises of translated questions could accumulate and further sharply impair the final performance. Therefore, the authors propose a method to improve the robustness of KBQA models in the cross-lingual scenario.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a knowledge distillation-based robustness enhancement (KDRE) method. Specifically, first a monolingual model (teacher) is trained by ground truth (GT) data. Then to imitate the practical noises, a noise-generating model is designed to inject two types of noise into questions: general noise and translation-aware noise. Finally, the noisy questions are input into the student model. Meanwhile, the student model is jointly trained by GT data and distilled data, which are derived from the teacher when feeding GT questions.FindingsThe experimental results demonstrate that KDRE can improve the performance of models in the cross-lingual scenario. The performance of each module in KBQA model is improved by KDRE. The knowledge distillation (KD) and noise-generating model in the method can complementarily boost the robustness of models.Originality/valueThe authors first extend KBQA models from monolingual to cross-lingual scenario. Also, the authors first implement KD for KBQA to develop robust cross-lingual models.
Stability and accuracy of deterministic project duration forecasting methods in earned value management
Authors: Barrientos-Orellana Alexis , Ballesteros-Pérez Pablo , Mora-Melia Daniel , González-Cruz Maria Carmen , Vanhoucke Mario 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project monitoring and control technique that enables the forecasting of a project's duration. Many EVM metrics and project duration forecasting methods have been proposed. However, very few studies have compared their accuracy and stability.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an exhaustive stability and accuracy analysis of 27 deterministic EVM project duration forecasting methods. Stability is measured via Pearson's, Spearman's and Kendall's correlation coefficients while accuracy is measured by Mean Squared and Mean Absolute Percentage Errors. These parameters are determined at ten percentile intervals to track a given project's progress across 4,100 artificial project networks with varied topologies.

Findings
Findings support that stability and accuracy are inversely correlated for most forecasting methods, and also suggest that both significantly worsen as project networks become increasingly parallel. However, the AT + PD-ESmin forecasting method stands out as being the most accurate and reliable.

Practical implications
Implications of this study will allow construction project managers to resort to the simplest, most accurate and most stable EVM metrics when forecasting project duration. They will also be able to anticipate how the project topology (i.e., the network of activity predecessors) and the stage of project progress can condition their accuracy and stability.

Originality/value
Unlike previous research comparing EVM forecasting methods, this one includes all deterministic methods (classical and recent alike) and measures their performance in accordance with several parameters. Activity durations and costs are also modelled akin to those of construction projects.