bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants Explain the Significant Role of Uric Acid for Malaria Parasite
Authors: Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed , Noor Sufian Khalid M. , Kashif Awadalla H , Eltayeb Mohammed Medani , Eltom Abdelgadir Elamin , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Popova Elizabeth , Hassan Shafie Abdulkadir , Salih Yassin Bakri , Elfaki Tarig Mohammed , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2021

Medicinal plants, recognized and employed in conventional medicine practices since prehistoric era. Plants produce thousands of chemical substances for functions counting defence against insects, fungi, bacterial and parasitic diseases.
Malaria is most widespread parasitic infection , it caused by coccidian protozoa of the genus plasmodium , four species are mostly infect human, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malriae and P. ovale, Majority of malaria cases resulted from P. falciparum and P. vivax.
Uric acid regarded as one of the damaging molecular patterns of malaria parasite infection, and in this review we discussed the potential role of medicinal plants used as antimalarial to diminish the level of uric acid in gout patients. These may suggest that most of the complication associated with malaria, may attributed to amplified level of uric acid . Experimental studies recommended.
Factors Influencing Medical Students' Choice Regarding Anaesthesiology as a Future Career at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnajjar Hani , Munshi Ibtesam , Kamal Yumna , Aljohani Rawan Awad , Alsahafi Baylasan , Alsulami Ghadeer 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Our study aimed to identify whether anesthesiology is a desired specialty among medical students at King Abdulaziz University and what factors may have influenced or hindered their decision.
Study Design: Cross‑sectional study.
Study Setting: At King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between June 8th, 2019 till June 25th, 2019.
Methodology: An online questionnaire was distributed to all 700 5th and 6th year medical students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and they were asked to fill it anonymously. Pre-clinical medical students (2nd, 3rd and 4th years) were excluded due to their lack of exposure to the field of anesthesiology. The estimated sample size was a random 248 medical students of KAUH.
Results: Our results showed that the most preferred specialties were Internal medicine (37.9%), followed by surgery (35.5%), then family medicine (27%). While the field of anesthesiology was chosen by 14.5% of the participants. However, in response to a separate question, 79.8% of the respondents have not considered it as their future career.
Many considered Doctor-patient relationship to have the greatest influence (81.7%), followed by controllable lifestyle (80%), while income 71% and prestige 63.2% were less influential factors for those career decisions.
Conclusion: It is essential to show medical students that anesthesiologists do interact with patients and increase their interaction with influential individuals in this field since they are capable of positively adjusting their viewpoints.
The Prescribing of Calamine Lotion in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of calamine lotion in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This retrospective study included the electronic prescriptions of outpatients in a public hospital in Al-kharj and aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of calamine lotion. The collected data included the personal data of the patients, the number of calamine lotion prescriptions in different months, the duration of calamine lotion, the level of prescribers, and the prescribing’ departments.
Results: Most of the patients who used calamine lotion were male patients (62.12%) and most of them were less than 10 years old (72.73%). Most of the patients used calamine for 7 days (63.64%) and about15.15% of them used it for 5 days. All of the prescribers were residents (100.00%). Most of the calamine prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (98.48%).
Conclusion: Calamine lotion prescribing was uncommon in the outpatient setting in Al-kharj. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of prescribing of calamine lotion in other setting, and to explore the frequency of prescribing other alternative agents.
Budesonide Use in the Outpatient Department in a Public Hospital in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of budesonide nebulizer and budesonide nasal spray in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to describe the use of budesonide in the period between 01-01- 2018 and 31-06-2018. The study included budesonide forms that are delivered directly to the respiratory system, so budesonide nebulizer and budesonide nasal spray were included in the study and other dosage forms were excluded.
Results: About 53.12% of the prescribed budesonide was in the form of nebulizer and 46.88% was in the form of nasal spray. Most of them were males (62.50%) and about 43.75% of them were less than 10 years. More than 53% of the prescriptions were written by residents and 40.62% were written by consultants. The most commonly prescribed department was pediatrics department (43.75%) followed by Ear-Nose-Throat (E.N.T) department (18.75%) and emergency (18.75%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the use of budesonide was uncommon in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of prescribing other dosage forms of budesonide and to explore the frequency of prescribing other alternative agents.
The Prevalence of Liver Diseases among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: Statistics from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Majed , Bugis Bussma Ahmed , Bugis Alaa , Alharbi Nader , Alotaibi Saleh Mohammed , Alanzi Ziyad Hamdan , Almutairi Yazeed Yousef , Elamro Rakan Abdullah , Aloqayfi Fahad Abdulaziz , Alsalem Omar Abdulaziz 
Published: December 2021

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is an important protein produced by the liver, and deficiency in this protein will cause many liver diseases. A deficiency in this protein can cause congenital emphysema, characterized by damaged and stretched air sacs of the lungs. To our knowledge, limited studies have been performed on liver disease prevalence among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of existing clinical records and aimed at determining the prevalence and association of liver diseases among COPD patients from 2016 to 2020. A total of 1579 clinical records were collected. In this study we analyzed one hundred fifty-five records.
Results: Senior patients who were aged 65 or older represented most patients (61.29%). In addition, 81% of the selected COPD patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis, while only one patient was diagnosed with fibrosis. Senior COPD patients aged 65 years or older were more likely to be diagnosed clinically with any type of liver disease (61.75%) than those from younger age groups.
Conclusions: Screening and expression tests for patients showing liver and lung diseases are the procedures to determine whether symptoms are due to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. However, this is challenging in patients with COPD.
Review of Marginal Adaptation and Fracture Resistance of Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturer (CAD‐CAM) Fabricated Endo-crowns
Authors: Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Abuzinadah Samar , Al-Otaibi Abdullah , Alotaibi Abrar , Alfkih Mohsen , Madhi Mohammed Bin , Almatrafi Mawaddah , Alsharif Fahad , Alfarhan Mohammed , Almatrafi Waad , Alzahrani Malak , Mahfuth Rayan Bin , Niaz Mohammed , Alzahrani Khames T. , Qutub Osama 
Published: December 2021

Background: Zirconia-based restorations have become more popular in dentistry during the last two decades. Patients choose metal-free restorations, preferring materials with similar attributes to natural teeth and similar light scattering characteristics, resulting in a nice esthetic appearance. Restoring a root canal treated teeth is one of the hot topics today. endo crown materials can be either; feldspathic, glass-ceramic, monolithic hybrid ceramic or composite material. Considering the marginal gap of endocrown, an important cause of failure of treatment, the current study evaluated the marginal gap of CAD‐CAM concocted endo-crowns.
Materials and Methods: This research is an analysis systemic review study was conducted between January 2020 and October 2021. We followed the PRISMA principles and recorded this systematic review using the PROSPERO database to find and identify published literature related to the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM-fabricated endocrown. The search will include all relevant articles through the end of 2021. Finally, 24 papers on marginal clearance and fracture resistance in coronary arteries were reviewed.
Results: The electronic database search yielded 98 studies that were relevant. After cross-referencing, further seven studies were added. After a full-text analysis and duplicate reduction, 74 of the 98 articles were eliminated. 5 clinical (prospective) studies, 19 in vitro studies were found.
Conclusion: This analysis of the recent literature on the marginal seating integrity and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM made-up endo-crowns showed that the endo-crown had superior marginal seating integrity than classical full crown. CAM/CAM showed statistically significant higher mean fracture resistance than MAD/MAM.
French Fries-Like Bismuth Oxide: Physicochemical Properties, Electrical Conductivity and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Astuti Yayuk , Musthafa Fauzan , Arnelli Arnelli , Nurhasanah Iis 
Published: December 2021

Bismuth oxide synthesis using hydrothermal method has been conducted. This study aims to examine the effect of the hydrothermal reaction time on product characteristics and photocatalytic activity in degrading methyl orange dye. Bismuth oxide synthesis was initiated by dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2O) and Na2SO4 in a distilled water and added NaOH gradually. The solution formed was transferred into a Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 120 °C with time variations of 8–16 h. The formation of bismuth oxide was indicated by the vibrations of the Bi−O−Bi and Bi−O groups and the crystal structure consisting of a-Bi2O3, β-Bi2O3, and g-Bi2O3. In addition, the highest photocatalytic activity can be examined through several factors, such as: content of Bi−O−Bi and Bi−OH groups, crystal structure, band gap values, morphology, and surface area, acquired as a result of the effect of hydrothermal reaction time. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Porous Alginate Scaffolds Designed by Calcium Carbonate Leaching Technique
Authors: Wulf Alena , Mendgaziev Rais I. , Fakhrullin Rawil , Vinokurov Vladimir , Volodkin Dmitry , Vikulina Anna S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the main challenges in modern tissue engineering is to design biocompatible scaffolds with finely tuned porous architecture and capacity to load bioactive molecules that guide the growth and differentiation of the cells during tissue reconstruction. This work proposes a strategy to design porous alginate scaffolds (PAS) with well‐tuned architecture by leaching of sacrificial vaterite CaCO3 microspheres packed in alginate. Pore size and interconnectivity depend on CaCO3 sphere dimensions and packing as well as alginate concentration. Varying of these parameters, almost hundred percent pore interconnectivity (or, by contrast, a zero pore interconnectivity) can be achieved. Junctions between interconnected pores are about 50–70% of the pore dimensions that provides molecular transport through the PASs potentially ensuring diffusion of nutrition, oxygen and metabolic products when cell seeding. An opportunity to fabricate a multifunctional scaffold is demonstrated by encapsulation of desired macromolecules into the individual pores of a scaffold (is illustrated by dextran loading). Mechanical properties of PASs are found typical for soft and hydrated structures (Young's modulus of 19 ± 15 kPa) which is appropriate for cell seeding. The three cell lines (HeLa, HEK293, and L929) are cultured on different alginate scaffolds to examine cell viability and adhesiveness.
Lead Leakage Preventable Fullerene‐Porphyrin Dyad for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Yuming , Song Peiquan , Tian Hanrui , Tian Chengbo , Tian Wanjia , Nan Ziang , Cai Yuanting , Yang Panpan , Sun Chao , Chen Jingfu , Xie Liqiang , Zhang Qianyan , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning functional fullerenes with roles beyond defect passivation and electron‐transporting for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is essential to the development of fullerenes and PSCs. Here, the authors design and synthesize a functional fullerene, FPD, composed of a C60 cage, a porphyrin ring, and three pentafluorophenyl groups. The structure features of FPD enable it can form chemical interactions with the perovskite lattices. These interactions enhance the defect passivation effect and prevent the decomposition of perovskite under irradiation. As a result, the FPD‐based device yields an improved power conversion efficiency of 23% with substantially enhanced operational stability (T80 > 1500 h). Furthermore, once got damaged, the FPD can prevent lead leakage by forming a stable and water‐insoluble complex (FPD‐Pb). Their findings provide a novel strategy to achieve high‐performance and eco‐friendly PSCs with functional fullerene materials.
A Naked Eye‐Invisible Ratiometric Fluorescent Microneedle Tattoo for Real‐Time Monitoring of Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Authors: Babity Samuel , Couture Frédéric , Campos Estefânia V. R. , Hedtrich Sarah , Hagen Raphael , Fehr Daniel , Bonmarin Mathias , Brambilla Davide 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe field of portable healthcare monitoring devices has an urgent need for the development of real‐time, noninvasive sensing and detection methods for various physiological analytes. Currently, transdermal sensing techniques are severely limited in scope (i.e., measurement of heart rate or sweat composition), or else tend to be invasive, often needing to be performed in a clinical setting. This study proposes a minimally invasive alternative strategy, consisting of using dissolving polymeric microneedles to deliver naked eye‐invisible functional fluorescent ratiometric microneedle tattoos directly to the skin for real‐time monitoring and quantification of physiological and pathological parameters. Reactive oxygen species are overexpressed in the skin in association with various pathological conditions. Here, one demonstrates for the first time the microneedle‐based delivery to the skin of active fluorescent sensors in the form of an invisible, ratiometric microneedle tattoo capable of sensing reactive oxygen species in a reconstructed human‐based skin disease model, as well as an in vivo model of UV‐induced dermal inflammation. One also elaborates a universal ratiometric quantification concept coupled with a custom‐built, multiwavelength portable fluorescence detection system. Fully realized, this approach presents an opportunity for the minimally invasive monitoring of a broad range of physiological parameters through the skin.
A Logic‐Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hydrogel with Multistimuli Responsiveness to Orchestrate Diabetic Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Dize , Chen Kaiwen , Tang Han , Hu Shanshan , Xin Liangjing , Jing Xuan , He Qingqing , Wang Si , Song Jinlin , Mei Li , Cannon Richard D. , Ji Ping , Wang Huanan , Chen Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe regeneration of diabetic bone defects remains challenging as the innate healing process is impaired by glucose fluctuation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and overexpression of proteinases (such as matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs). A “diagnostic” and therapeutic dual‐logic‐based hydrogel for diabetic bone regeneration is therefore developed through the design of a double‐network hydrogel consisting of phenylboronic‐acid‐crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and gelatin colloids. It exhibits a “diagnostic” logic to interpret pathological cues (glucose fluctuation, ROS, MMPs) and determines when to release drug in a diabetic microenvironment and a therapeutic logic to program different cargo release to match immune‐osteo cascade for better tissue regeneration. The hydrogel is also shown to be mechanically adaptable to the local complexity at the bone defect. Furthermore, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is elucidated, whereby the logic‐based cargo release enables the regulation of macrophage polarization by remodeling the mitochondria‐related antioxidative system, resulting in enhanced osteogenesis in diabetic bone defects. This study provides critical insight into the design and biological mechanism of dual‐logic‐based tissue‐engineering strategies for diabetic bone regeneration.
Preparation and In‐Situ High‐Throughput Screening of Bi Thixotropic Ink
Authors: Yao Lei , Xu Zhuoming , Qiu Junhao , Zhang Jian , Yang Dongwang , Yan Yonggao , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPreparing thin‐layer thermoelectric (TE) material libraries through inkjet printing (IJP) combined with selective laser melting (SLM) is a feasible solution to achieve high‐throughput screening (HTS) of high‐performance TE materials. The preparation of stable printable elementary inks with solid particle size in micron‐level is a prerequisite for the realization of the above technical objective. In this work, a series of thixotropic inks containing micron‐sized Bi powder, mixed organic solvent of ethanol/ethylene glycol (EG), and polyurea rheological additive of BYK‐420 are prepared. According to the proposed screening principles for printability and sedimentation stability, the best composition of the Bi thixotropic ink is determined with a solid content of 2–10 vol%, a relative EG content of 2–8 vol%, and a relative additive BYK‐420 content of 2.5 vol%. The effectiveness of the above mentioned HTS method is further proven through the printability Z value and the sedimentation rate of the selected inks. This work provides an effective way for in‐situ high‐throughput screening the printability and sedimentation stability of thixotropic inks, even though the solid density is high and the particle size is in micron‐level. It would lay a solid foundation for further high‐throughput screening of high‐performance TE materials.
A Strategy for Wafer‐Scale Crystalline MoS2 Thin Films with Controlled Morphology Using Pulsed Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition at Low Temperature
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Hun , Ha Min‐Ji , Park Jae Chan , Park Tae Joo , Kim Woo‐Hee , Lee Myoung‐Jae , Ahn Ji‐Hoon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D semiconductor materials with layered crystal structures have attracted great interest as promising candidates for electronic, optoelectronic, and sensor applications due to their unique and superior characteristics. However, a large‐area synthesis process for various applications and practical mass production is still lacking. In particular, there is a limitation in that a high process temperature and a very long process time are required to deposit a crystallized 2D material on a large area. Herein, pulsed metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (p‐MOCVD) is proposed for the growth of wafer‐scale crystalline MoS2 thin films to overcome the existing limitations. In the p‐MOCVD process, precursors are repeatedly injected at regular intervals to enhance the migration of precursors on the surface. As a result, crystalline MoS2 is successfully synthesized at the lowest temperature (350 °C) reported so far in a very short process time of 550 s. In addition, it is found that the horizontal and vertical growth modes of MoS2 can be effectively controlled by adjusting key process parameters. Finally, various applications are presented by demonstrating the photodetector (detectivity = 18.1 × 106 at light power of 1 mW) and chemical sensor (response = 38% at 100 ppm of NO2 gas) devices.
Optical Anisotropy of Carbon Nitride Thin Films and Photografted Polystyrene Brushes
Authors: Giusto Paolo , Kumru Baris , Cruz Daniel , Antonietti Markus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymer brushes on surfaces enable advanced material design. In the present contribution, transparent and flat photoactive polymeric carbon nitride (pCN) thin films are employed as a photoactive substrate and primer layer to grow polystyrene (PS) brushes. These films are then characterized by ellipsometry. For the first time herein is reported on the optical anisotropy of pCN thin films revealing a high positive birefringence up to 0.71 with an in‐plane nD of 2.54 making this material of high interest for photonic devices. Furthermore and rather surprising, the photografted polystyrene brushes exhibit an unusual high negative birefringence, too. This negative birefringence can be attributed to a practically complete stretching of the polymer chains throughout growth in the radical chain process. As the stretched PS brushes grafted from the pCN surfaces also provide unusual surface properties, the overall system can be of great interest for photonics, but also as mechanical coating and membranes for gas separation.
Efficient Ultra‐Broadband Ga4GeO8:Cr3+ Phosphors with Tunable Peak Wavelengths from 835 to 980 nm for NIR pc‐LED Application
Authors: Yao Leqi , Shao Qiyue , Shi Meiling , Shang Tianqi , Dong Yan , Liang Chao , He Jinhua , Jiang Jianqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) hold great potential for applications ranging from night vision to non‐destructive detection. However, it remains a long‐standing challenge to develop NIR phosphors simultaneously with longer‐wavelength broadband emissions and higher efficiency. Herein, ultra‐broadband Ga4GeO8:Cr3+ (GGO:Cr3+) phosphors are developed, with the NIR emission covering 700–1300 nm. Furthermore, tunable emission bands peaking from 835 to 980 nm are achieved simply by varying the Cr3+ concentration. Particularly, emission maxima (λmax) of GGO:xCr3+ shift from 850 to 900 nm without intensity loss when increasing x values between 0.02 and 0.10. An internal quantum yield of 60% is achieved for GGO:0.02Cr3+ (λmax ≈ 850 nm, full width at half maximum (FWHM) ≈215 nm). The origin of tunable ultra‐broadband emissions of GGO:Cr3+ is revealed on the basis of structural and time‐resolved spectroscopic analysis. The pc‐LED fabricated by GGO:0.02Cr3+ exhibits a maximum NIR output power of ≈56 mW at 400 mA drive current, and its application in high‐penetration quality analysis of fruits is also demonstrated. The results indicate that GGO:Cr3+ phosphors have high promise for practical applications in NIR pc‐LED devices.
Pd‐Catalyzed Atropselective C−H Olefination Promoted by a Transient Directing Group
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Chandra Devesh , Sharma Upendra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA Pd(II)‐catalyzed atropselective olefination of biaryls with maleimides is reported using chiral transient directing group (CTDG) strategy L‐tert‐leucine is used as a chiral auxiliary to obtain atropselective biaryl aldehydes with enantiomeric excess ranging from 70 to 99%. The method is also applicable for other olefins such as acrylonitrile, phenyl vinyl sulfone, and N‐tert‐butyl acrylamide, providing corresponding atropselective biaryl aldehydes with 97–99% ee. Non‐linear effect studies suggest that chiral auxiliary is responsible for the atropselectivity of products. Other studies suggested the critical role of reaction time on yield and s‐factor of desired products.magnified image