bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonproportional hazards model with a frailty term for modeling subgroups with evidence of long‐term survivors: Application to a lung cancer dataset
Authors: Gazon Amanda B. , Milani Eder A. , Mota Alex L. , Louzada Francisco , Tomazella Vera L. D. , Calsavara Vinicius F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith advancements in medical treatments for cancer, an increase in the life expectancy of patients undergoing new treatments is expected. Consequently, the field of statistics has evolved to present increasingly flexible models to explain such results better. In this paper, we present a lung cancer dataset with some covariates that exhibit nonproportional hazards (NPHs). Besides, the presence of long‐term survivors is observed in subgroups. The proposed modeling is based on the generalized time‐dependent logistic model with each subgroup's effect time and a random term effect (frailty). In practice, essential covariates are not observed for several reasons. In this context, frailty models are useful in modeling to quantify the amount of unobservable heterogeneity. The frailty distribution adopted was the weighted Lindley distribution, which has several interesting properties, such as the Laplace transform function on closed form, flexibility in the probability density function, among others. The proposed model allows for NPHs and long‐term survivors in subgroups. Parameter estimation was performed using the maximum likelihood method, and Monte Carlo simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the estimators' performance. We exemplify this model's use by applying data of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Production of butyrate and branched‐chain amino acid catabolic byproducts by CHO cells in fed‐batch culture enhances their specific productivity
Authors: Harrington Cameron , Jacobs Michaela , Bethune Quentin , Kalomeris Taylor , Hiller Gregory W. , Mulukutla Bhanu Chandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in fed‐batch cultures produce several metabolic byproducts derived from amino acid catabolism, some of which accumulate to growth inhibitory levels. Controlling the accumulation of these byproducts has been shown to significantly enhance cell proliferation. Interestingly, some of these byproducts have physiological roles that go beyond inhibition of cell proliferation. In this study, we show that, in CHO cell fed‐batch cultures, branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism contributes to the formation of butyrate, a novel byproduct that is also a well‐established specific productivity enhancer. We further show that other byproducts of BCAA catabolism, namely isovalerate and isobutyrate, which accumulate in CHO cell fed‐batch cultures, also enhance specific productivity. Lastly, we show that the rate of production of these BCAA catabolic byproducts is negatively correlated with glucose uptake and lactate production rates. Thus, limiting glucose supply to suppress glucose uptake and lactate production, as in the case of fed‐batch cultures employing high‐end pH‐controlled delivery of glucose (HiPDOG) technology, significantly enhances BCAA catabolic byproduct accumulation, resulting in higher specific productivities.
The yeastGemMap: A process diagram to assist yeast systems‐metabolic studies
Authors: Caspeta Luis , Kerkhoven Eduard J. , Martinez Alfredo , Nielsen Jens 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisualization is a key aspect of the analysis of omics data. Although many tools can generate pathway maps for visualization of yeast metabolism, they fail in reconstructing genome‐scale metabolic diagrams of compartmentalized metabolism. Here we report on the yeastGemMap, a process diagram of whole yeast metabolism created to assist data analysis in systems‐metabolic studies. The map was manually reconstructed with reactions from a compartmentalized genome‐scale metabolic model, based on biochemical process diagrams typically found in educational and specialized literature. The yeastGemMap consists of 3815 reactions representing 1150 genes, 2742 metabolites, and 14 compartments. Computational functions for adapting the graphical representation of the map are also reported. These functions modify the visual representation of the map to assist in three systems‐metabolic tasks: illustrating reaction networks, interpreting metabolic flux data, and visualizing omics data. The versatility of the yeastGemMap and algorithms to assist visualization of systems‐metabolic data was demonstrated in various tasks, including for single lethal reaction evaluation, flux balance analysis, and transcriptomic data analysis. For instance, visual interpretation of metabolic transcriptomes of thermally evolved and parental yeast strains allowed to demonstrate that evolved strains activate a preadaptation response at 30°C, which enabled thermotolerance. A quick interpretation of systems‐metabolic data is promoted with yeastGemMap visualizations.
Remote Photodamaging of DNA by Photoinduced Energy Transport
Authors: Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLocal DNA photodamaging by light is well‐studied and leads to a number of structurally identified direct damage, in particular cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and indirect oxidatively generated damage, such as 8‐oxo‐7,8‐hydroxyguanine. Similar damages have now been found at remote sites, at least more than 105 Å (30 base pairs) away from the site of photoexcitation. In contrast to the established mechanisms of local DNA photodamaging, the processes of remote photodamage are only partially understood. Known pathways include those to remote oxidatively generated DNA photodamages, which were elucidated by studying electron hole transport through the DNA about 20 years ago. Recent studies with DNA photosensitizers and mechanistic proposals on photoinduced DNA‐mediated energy transport are summarized in this minireview. These new mechanisms to a new type of remote DNA photodamaging provide an important extension to our general understanding to light‐induced DNA damage and their mutations.
In vitro α‐amylase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of soluble proteins and their peptic hydrolysates from raw and cooked commercially available oatmeal
Authors: Tuaño Arvin Paul P. , Tan Lance Aaron G. , Hernandez Mia Bianca S. , Lu Ramon E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesReady‐to‐eat cereal‐based foods like quick‐cooking oatmeal are commonly available in the market often highlighting the levels of nutrients and the effects of dietary fiber. Information about the proteins in these foods is limited to content only. This study measured two health‐related bioactivities of the salt‐soluble proteins in commercially available oatmeal using in vitro assays. Soluble proteins and their peptic hydrolysates extracted from raw and cooked commercially available oatmeal were analyzed for their in vitro α‐amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties in an attempt to determine the health‐promoting potential of the protein portion of oatmeal. Total soluble proteins were extracted from the raw and cooked oatmeal samples using saline solution, precipitated, and dialyzed, and their gel electrophoretic profiles were also studied.FindingsTwo major protein bands were found in both extracts with estimated molecular weight range of 22–24 and 54–56 kDa, respectively. Soluble proteins generally had low inhibitory activity toward α‐amylase (~5%) but increased when these were hydrolyzed with pepsin. The crude proteins from cooked oatmeal showed the highest α‐amylase inhibitory activity. Metal‐reducing ability was higher for the unhydrolyzed proteins from raw (48%) and cooked (32%) oatmeal than for their peptic hydrolysates (5% and 9%, respectively), while radical‐scavenging activity was higher for the peptic hydrolysates (65%–90%) than for the unhydrolyzed proteins (3%–12%).ConclusionsThe soluble proteins of commonly consumed quick‐cooking oatmeal offer health benefits such as glucose‐lowering potential via α‐amylase inhibition and antioxidant properties via metal‐reducing capacity. Their peptic hydrolysates may slightly reduce starch digestibility but showed promising radical‐scavenging potential.Significance and noveltyCurrent findings may be useful to cereals manufacturing industry and to consumers who consider other health‐related benefits of whole grain food products aside from nutrient content and beneficial effects of dietary fiber.
Fatal disseminated infection due to Sarocladium kiliense in a diabetic patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Ranjbar‐Mobarake Maryam , Nowroozi Jamileh , Badiee Parisa , Mostafavi Sayed Nassereddin , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSarocladium kiliense is a soil saprophytic mold with worldwide distribution, which can infect humans and other mammals, sporadically. The clinical manifestations include mycetoma, onychomycosis, keratomycosis, pneumonia, and arthritis. Here, we present a disseminated infection due to S. kiliense in a diabetic patient infected to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) from Isfahan, Iran.
Highly Conductive and CO‐Resistant Cobalt‐Based Monolithic Electrodes for the Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol
Authors: Zhai Meixu , Chen Fei , Wu Na , Zhang Xue , Guo Ruihong , Ma Mingming , Hu Tuoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo develop active and stable electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), many non‐noble metal‐based nanomaterials have been explored, which are physically loaded on conductive substrates to form electrodes. During a long‐term MOR under high current density, these electrodes usually lose activity due to the aggregation or falling off of active nanomaterials. To overcome these problems, we report a simple strategy to synthesize an active, stable, and carbon monoxide (CO)‐resistant monolithic electrode for the MOR: cobalt nanocrystal/nitrogen, oxygen‐doped carbon (Co@N,O−C, CP) monolith. CP monolith shows a high electrical conductivity (1.54×104 S/cm), which can be directly used as an electrode without any substrate. Co nanocrystals are dispersed uniformly in the N,O−C matrix as the active site for MOR, whereas the N,O−C matrix protects Co nanocrystals and also facilitates the mass and charge transfer between electrolyte and the electrode. The optimized CP−FT‐500 electrode presents a high MOR activity of 352 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs SCE (unsaturated calomel electrode) in alkaline electrolyte, which exceeds most previously reported Co‐based MOR catalysts. The optimal CP−FT‐500 catalyst also presents excellent durability and anti‐CO poisoning capability (93.3 % retention of activity), which exceeds that of Pt/C (67.5 % retention). Based on its excellent catalytic activity, stability, and high resistance to CO poisoning, CP−FT‐500 catalyst is a promising low‐cost catalyst for MOR.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Acetalization Protection of Alcohols with Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Huang Raolin , Yu Congjun , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA mild, facile, and environmentally friendly electrochemical protocol for the C(sp3)−H/O−H cross dehydrogenative coupling between various alcohols and tetrahydrofuran with H2 evolution is herein reported. This synthetic strategy does not require external oxidants nor catalysts. The broad functional group compatibility includes hydroxyl, halogens, olefins as well as an alkyne. Initial mechanistic investigations were conducted. The method provides a green and efficient hydroxyl group protection.
Novel Lithium‐Sulfur Polymer Battery Operating at Moderate Temperature
Authors: Marangon Vittorio , Di Lecce Daniele , Minnetti Luca , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA safe lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery employs a composite polymer electrolyte based on a poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) solid at room temperature. The electrolyte membrane enables a stable and reversible Li−S electrochemical process already at 50 °C, with low resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interphase and fast Li+ transport. The relatively low molecular weight of the PEGDME and the optimal membrane composition in terms of salts and ceramic allow a liquid‐like Li−S conversion reaction by heating at moderately high temperature, still holding the solid‐like polymer state of the cell. Therefore, the electrochemical reaction of the polymer Li−S cell is characterized by the typical dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolyte medium during discharge and the subsequent deposition of sulfur at the electrode/electrolyte interphase during charge. On the other hand, the remarkable thermal stability of the composite polymer electrolyte (up to 300 °C) suggests a lithium‐metal battery with safety content significantly higher than that using the common, flammable liquid solutions. Hence, the Li−S polymer battery delivers at 50 °C and 2 V a stable capacity approaching 700 mAh gS−1, with a steady‐state coulombic efficiency of 98 %. These results suggest a novel, alternative approach to achieve safe, high‐energy batteries with solid polymer configuration.
Psychosocial peer mediation as sustainable method for conflict prevention and management among refugee communities in Germany
Authors: Winter Helen M. E. , Klapprott Felix , Naanaa Muhamad , Turk A. Marco , Winter Sebastian F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFollowing the arrival of over 1.2 million refugees and asylum seekers since the 2015 European refugee crisis, Germany has faced enormous humanitarian and societal challenges, with direct implications for participatory peace‐building efforts at the local community level. A multitude of postmigration stressors and high prevalence of mental health conditions among refugees contribute to the substantial burden of daily conflicts in refugee shelters and communities. Ongoing exposure to a conflict‐prone environment, psychological distress and stigmatization among community members can severely impair the quality of life and aggravate existing health‐related, socio‐economic and integrational challenges. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of individual alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and mental health literacy (MHL) interventions in refugee settings. As interpersonal conflict and psychological well‐being constitute mutually interdependent phenomena, integrated methodologies combining ADR with MHL may offer unique value to affected vulnerable populations. However, systemic implementation of such mechanisms in refugee shelters has remained largely unexplored. In recognition of this unmet need and as part of the nonprofit organization R3SOLUTE, we have developed a tailored educational curriculum directed at equipping refugees in shelters and their local neighbor citizens with peer mediation‐based ADR and MHL skills. In this multidisciplinary bottom‐up approach, termed psychosocial peer mediation (PPM), participants learn to effectively manage and prevent conflicts in their own communities. Based on our field experience with implementing PPM in numerous refugee shelters across Germany between 2018 and 2021, we here provide relevant practical insights and discuss best practices, with a focus on addressing existing challenges and opportunities in the field.
Shifting correlations among multiple aspects of weather complicate predicting future demography of a threatened species
Authors: Louthan Allison M. , Walters Jeffrey R. , Terando Adam J. , Garcia Victoria , Morris William F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost studies of the ecological effects of climate change consider only a limited number of weather drivers that could affect populations, though we know that multiple weather drivers can simultaneously affect population growth rate. Multiple drivers could simultaneously increase/decrease one vital rate, or one may increase a vital rate while another decreases the same vital rate. Considering the impact of multiple weather drivers on vital rates is particularly important in a changing climate, in which correlations among drivers may not be preserved in the future. We used a long‐term dataset on the endangered red‐cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis) to understand how multiple weather drivers jointly affect survival and reproductive vital rates and then assessed the contributions of individual weather drivers to historical trends in vital rates over time. We found that vital rates were often influenced by more than one weather driver and that weather drivers most commonly exerted opposing effects. For instance, some weather drivers increased vital rates over time, while others acted in the opposite direction, decreasing vital rates over time. Importantly, the historical correlations among weather drivers are almost always projected to change in the future climate, such that future trends in vital rates may not match historical trends. For example, we do not find historical trends in adult survival, but changing correlations among weather drivers could generate future trends in this vital rate. Our work provides an example of how multiple weather drivers can control a variety of vital rates and also illustrates how changes in the correlation structure of weather drivers through time might substantially affect future trends in individual and population performance.
Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols and Polycyclic Aromatics with Hydrogen Peroxide Triggered by Heterogeneous Sulfonic Acids
Authors: Pancrazzi Francesco , Maestri Giovanni , Maggi Raimondo , Viscardi Rosanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report herein a method for the oxidative dearomatization of phenols and bare polycyclic arenes into the corresponding quinoid derivatives using hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is catalyzed by sulfonic acids and best results were achieved using heterogenized species. The best results using phenols were achieved using a hybrid material, namely a perfluorinated polymer functionalized with sulfonic acid groups supported on silica. The dearomatization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons performed better using the polymeric acid catalyst. These methods operate under mild conditions, using mild and benign oxidants and thus minimizing the formation of waste.
Transoral laser microsurgery in locally advanced laryngeal cancer: Prognostic impact of anterior versus posterior compartments
Authors: Vilaseca Isabel , Aviles‐Jurado Francesc Xavier , Valduvieco Izaskun , Berenguer Joan , Grau Juan José , Baste Neus , Muxí África , Castillo Paola , Lehrer Eduardo , Jordana Marta , Ramírez‐Ruiz Rosa Delia , Costa José Miguel , Oleaga Laura , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the importance of larynx compartments in the prognosis of T3‐T4a laryngeal cancer treated with transoral laser microsurgery.MethodsTwo hundred and two consecutive pT3‐T4a larynx carcinomas. Pre‐epiglottic space involvement, anterior and posterior paraglottic space (PGS) involvement, vocal cord, and arytenoid mobility were determined. Local control with laser (LC), overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and laryngectomy‐free survival (LFS) were evaluated.ResultsThe lowest LC was found in tumors with fixed arytenoid. In the multivariate analysis, positive margins (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.289 [0.085–0.979]) and anterior (HR = 0.278 [0.128–0.605]) and posterior (HR = 0.269 [0.115–0.630]) PGS invasion were independent factors of a reduced LC. Anterior (HR = 3.613 [1.537–8.495]) and posterior (HR = 5.195 [2.167–12.455]) PGS involvement were independent factors of total laryngectomy. Five‐year OS, DSS, and LFS rates were 63.9%, 77.5%, and 77.5%, respectively. Patients with posterior PGS presented a reduced 5‐year LFS.ConclusionsTumor classification according to laryngeal compartmentalization depicts strong correlation with LC and LFS.
Streamflow regime of a lake‐stream system based on long‐term data from a high‐density hydrometric network
Authors: Hudson Danielle T. , Leach Jason A. , Webster Kara , Houle Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNorthern landscapes are dominated by a mosaic of lakes and streams, yet only a limited number of studies have explored how these lake‐stream networks influence streamflow regimes. In order to gain further insight into the hydrologic behaviour of lake‐stream systems, we conducted a study using long‐term streamflow data to investigate the annual‐, seasonal‐ and event‐scale streamflow regimes of a lake‐stream network at the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) in central Ontario, Canada. Streamflow metrics were compared for seven lake and 12 no‐lake catchments within the TLW, in addition to 14 no‐lake catchments from other forested landscapes. It was difficult to attribute patterns in annual streamflow regimes to the influence of lakes due to the confounding influence of catchment size; however, streamflow regimes appeared to be less flashy at locations with more lake influence. In addition, lake catchments showed high similarity in streamflow regimes across seasons, whereas no‐lake catchments showed more similarity to lake catchments during wet seasons but less similarity during dry seasons. Event‐scale streamflow regimes further downstream from lake outlets were associated with greater increases in peakflow response and hydrograph rise rate following rain events than locations closer to lake outlets. Antecedent conditions were also important for both the peakflow response and rise rate, but less so than the amount of rainfall during the event. Variability in streamflow across lake‐stream networks appears to be driven by interactions between delayed contributions from lakes and relatively rapid runoff contributions from hillslopes and tributaries without lakes. In addition, streamflow regimes are influenced by temporal changes in lake storage deficits, which are a function of lake and catchment properties, as well as hydrometeorological conditions. Our results highlight that a network‐scale perspective that incorporates lakes and streams is needed to understand how these landscapes will hydrologically respond to environmental change.
First case of endothermy in semisessile animals
Authors: Dinets Vladimir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndothermy is generally believed to have coevolved with highly active lifestyle in animals, and to be permanent (combined with homeothermy) only in some vertebrates, due in part to size restrictions on endothermic animals. All invertebrates are known to possess endothermy and exhibit it only when engaged in physically intensive behaviors. I report the discovery of permanent endothermy during one part of the life cycle in two species of semisessile lanternflies (Fulgoridae), proving the established assumptions about physiological and morphological prerequisites for permanent endothermy to be wrong: apparently, permanent endothermy can evolve even in very small, semisessile animals as long as they have access to sufficient energy supply.