bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR3 polymorphisms are associated with the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 in a Chinese children population
Authors: Chen Guo‐Ping , Xiang Kun , Sun Liang , Shi Yong‐Lin , Meng Can , Song Lv , Liu Rui‐Shan , Li Wei‐Dong , Pan Hai‐Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is a contagious viral disease, and toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in resisting the pathogen. The aim of this study was to assess the potential relationship between several TLRs polymorphisms and the HFMD severity in a Chinese children population. A total of 328 Chinese children with HFMD were included in the present study. The polymorphisms of TLR3 (rs3775290, rs3775291, rs3775296, rs1879026, rs5743312, rs5743313, rs5743303, rs13126816, and rs3775292), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791, rs2149356, rs11536889, and rs41426344), TLR7 (rs179009, rs179010, rs179016, rs3853839, rs2302267, rs1634323, and rs5741880), and TLR8 (rs3764880, rs2159377, rs2407992, rs5744080, rs3747414, rs3764879, and rs5744069) genes were selected. The study indicated that individuals with the GG genotype of TLR3 single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs1879026 had a higher risk of developing severe cases (GG vs. GT: OR = 1.875; 95% CI, 1.183–2.971; p = .007). Meanwhile, TLR3 rs3775290 CC genotype and C allele were associated with lower disease severity in females (CC vs. CT: OR = 0.350; 95% CI, 0.163–0.751; p = .006; C vs. T: OR = 0.566; 95% CI, 0.332–0.965; p = .036). TLR3 rs3775291 CC genotype showed 2.537 folds higher risk of developing severe cases in females (CC vs. CT: OR = 2.537; 95% CI, 1.108–5.806; p = .026). Moreover, TLR3 rs1879026 GG genotype was found to be related to increased risk of severe cases in males (GG vs. GT: OR = 2.076; 95% CI, 1.144–3.768; p = .016). The current findings show that the genetic variants of TLR3 rs1879026, rs3775290, and rs3775291 are associated with the severity of EV‐A71‐associated HFMD in a Chinese children population.
Assessment of chemical constitution and aroma properties of kiwi wines obtained from pure and mixed fermentation with Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sun Nan , Gao Zhiyi , Li Shiqi , Chen Xiaowen , Guo Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo improve the aroma of kiwi wine through the utilization of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, kiwi juice was fermented using a selected W. anomalus strain in pure culture and mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was inoculated simultaneously and sequentially. The physicochemical indices, volatile compounds and aroma properties of the kiwi wines were assessed.RESULTSThe study suggested that the ethanol, color indices and organic acids of the wines were closely related to the method of inoculation. Compared with the pure S. cerevisiae fermentation, the mixed fermentations produced more varieties and concentrations of volatiles. The sequential fermentations increased the concentrations of esters and terpenes, improving the flower and sweet fruit notes of the wines. The simultaneous inoculation enhanced the contents of esters and aldehydes, intensifying the flower, sweet and sour fruit of the wines. Partial least‐squares regression analysis showed that esters and terpenes contributed greatly to the flower and sweet fruit aroma, whereas aldehydes were the major contributors to the sour note.CONCLUSIONBased on our results, the mixed fermentations not only enriched the types and concentrations of volatiles, but also had better sensory properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Phytoprostanes, phytofurans, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids and free amino acids and biological potential of sea buckthorn juices
Authors: Tkacz Karolina , Gil‐Izquierdo Ángel , Medina Sonia , Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , Nowicka Paulina , Wojdyło Aneta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDJuices are currently a fast‐growing segment in the fruit and vegetable industry sector. However, there are still no reports on the diversity of the phytochemical profile and health‐promoting properties of commercial sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) juices. This study aimed to identify and quantify phytoprostanes, phytofurans by ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS), tocopherols, tocotrienols by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector (UPLC‐FL), carotenoids, and free amino acids by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode detector‐quadrupole and tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐PDA‐Q/TOF‐MS), and assess their anti‐cholinergic, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant potential by in vitro assays of commercial sea buckthorn juices.RESULTSPhytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) in sea buckthorn juices were identified for the first time. Juices contained eight F1‐, D1‐, B1‐ and L1‐phytoprostanes and one phytofuran (32.31–1523.51 ng and up to 101.47 μg/100 g dry weight (DW)), four tocopherol congeners (22.23–94.08 mg 100 g–1 DW) and three tocotrienols (5.93–25.34 mg 100 g–1 DW). Eighteen carotenoids were identified, including ten xanthophylls, seven carotenes and phytofluene, at a concentration of 133.65 to 839.89 mg 100 g–1 DW. Among the 20 amino acids (175.92–1822.60 mg 100 g–1 DW), asparagine was dominant, and essential and conditionally essential amino acids constituted 11 to 41% of the total. The anti‐enzyme and antioxidant potential of juices correlated selectively with the composition.CONCLUSIONSea buckthorn juice can be a valuable dietary source of vitamins E and A, oxylipins and amino acids, used in the prevention of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and neurodegenerative processes. The differentiation of the composition and the bioactive potential of commercial juices indicate that, for the consumer, it should be important to choose juices from the declared berry cultivars and crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fish oil encapsulated in soy protein particles by lyophilization. Effect of drying process
Authors: Di Giorgio Luciana , Salgado Pablo Rodrigo , Mauri Adriana Noemi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish oil is an important source of healthy ω‐3 fatty acids to be used in functional foods. However, its autoxidation susceptibility, aroma and solubility make it difficult to use. Its encapsulation could reduce these disadvantages. This manuscript focuses on the drying stage of the encapsulation process. Its objective was to study the encapsulation of fish oil with soy proteins by emulsification and lyophilization and compare microparticles characteristics with those processed identically but spray dried.RESULTSMicroparticles with different protein/oil ratios were prepared by emulsification and lyophilization. Soy proteins encapsulated fish oil in matrix‐type microcapsules masking its typical odor and oily appearance. Microparticles dried by lyophilization showed a better solid recovery but lower encapsulation efficiency than those spray dried. Increasing protein/oil mass ratio of initial formulations seemed to favor initial lipid oxidation, but these differences were not appreciated when analyzing the oxidative stability over time (measured by Rancimat test). Porous structure and large surface area of lyophilized samples would favor oxygen easy penetration and exposition to free radicals, increasing lipid oxidation over time, while spray dried microparticles showed a good oxidative stability over time, like that of free oil.CONCLUSIONDrying processes were determinants in the morphology of microcapsules, the efficiency of encapsulation and protection exerted on the oil. Although emulsifying and drying processes caused certain initial oil oxidation, soy proteins managed to mask fish oil flavors and spray dried systems showed a good perspective of oxidative stability of fish oil over time, better than that of lyophilized microparticles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Using embedded alginate microparticles to tune the properties of in situ forming poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐graft‐chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive hydrogels for replacement and repair of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Christiani Thomas , Mys Karen , Dyer Karl , Kadlowec Jennifer , Iftode Cristina , Vernengo Andrea Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow back pain is a major public health issue associated with degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The early stages of degeneration are characterized by the dehydration of the central, gelatinous portion of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). One possible treatment approach is to replace the NP in the early stages of IVD degeneration with a hydrogel that restores healthy biomechanics while supporting tissue regeneration. The present study evaluates a novel thermosensitive hydrogel based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐graft‐chondroitin sulfate) (PNIPAAM‐g‐CS) for NP replacement. The hypothesis was tested that the addition of freeze‐dried, calcium crosslinked alginate microparticles (MPs) to aqueous solutions of PNIPAAm‐g‐CS would enable tuning of the rheological properties of the injectable solution, as well as the bioadhesive and mechanical properties of the thermally precipitated composite gel. Further, we hypothesized that the composite would support encapsulated cell viability and differentiation. Structure‐material property relationships were evaluated by varying MP concentration and diameter. The addition of high concentrations (50 mg/mL) of small MPs (20 ± 6 μm) resulted in the greatest improvement in injectability, compressive mechanical properties, and bioadhesive strength of PNIPAAm‐g‐CS. This combination of PNIPAAM‐g‐CS and alginate MPs supported the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells toward an NP‐like phenotype in the presence of soluble GDF‐6. When implanted ex vivo into the intradiscal cavity of degenerated porcine IVDs, the formulation restored the compressive and neutral zone stiffnesses to intact values and resisted expulsion under lateral bending. Overall, results indicate the potential of the hydrogel composite to serve as a scaffold for supporting NP regeneration. This work uniquely demonstrates that encapsulation of re‐hydrating polysaccharide‐based MPs may be an effective method for improving key functional properties of in situ forming hydrogels for orthopedic tissue engineering applications.
Land cover and nutrient enrichment regulates low‐molecular weight dissolved organic matter turnover in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Brailsford Francesca L. , Glanville Helen C. , Marshall Miles R. , Yates Christopher A. , Owen Alun T. , Golyshin Peter N. , Johnes Penny J. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of carbon‐containing compounds. The low‐molecular weight (LMW) fraction constitutes thousands of different compounds and represents a substantial proportion of DOM in aquatic ecosystems. The turnover rates of this LMW DOM can be extremely high. Due to the challenges of measuring this pool at a molecular scale, comparatively little is known of the fate of LMW DOM compounds in lotic systems. This study addresses this knowledge gap, investigating the microbial processing of LMW DOM across 45 sites representing a range of physicochemical gradients and dominant land covers in the United Kingdom. Radioisotope tracers representing LMW dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (glucose), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (amino acid mixture), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) (glucose‐6‐phosphate), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, measured as orthophosphate) were used to measure the microbial uptake of different DOM compounds in river waters. The amount of DOM biodegradation varied between different components (DON ≥ DOC > DOP), with the rate of turnover of all three increasing along a gradient of N and P enrichment across the range of sites. Conversely, the uptake of SRP decreased along this same gradient. This was ascribed to preferential utilization of DOP over SRP. Dominant land cover had a significant effect on DOM use as a resource, due to its control of nutrient enrichment within the catchments. We conclude that nutrient enrichment of river waters will lead to further DOM removal from the water column, increased microbial growth, and a decrease in stream oxygen saturation, exacerbating the effects of eutrophication in rivers.
Implantable coaxial nanocomposite biofibers for local chemo‐photothermal combinational cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Hanghang , Talebian Sepehr , Vine Kara L. , Li Zhen , Foroughi Javad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulti‐therapy strategies that coexist in a single system for cancer therapy has a great clinical application potential. In this paper, with the aim of establishing a suitable implantable platform for multimodal chemo‐photothermal cancer therapy, we have fabricated a coaxial composite hydrogel fiber that facilitated prolonged release of Doxorubicin from core. Fibers also served as NIR‐absorbing mediators, via incorporation of Cu2‐xSe nanoparticles in the shell, to facilitate chemo‐photothermal combinational effects. In vitro experiments exhibited excellent photo‐thermal properties of the fibers and exceptional cancer cell‐killing efficiency. Remarkably, in vivo antitumor experiments showed that Doxorubicin‐loaded coaxial hydrogel fibers containing Cu2‐xSe nanoparticles had outstanding antitumor efficacy, compared with chemotherapy or photothermal application alone. Overall, the coaxial composite hydrogel fibers provided a safe and efficacious implantable platform for multimodal chemo‐photothermal therapy that could potentially be used to control the progression of cancer locally at the tumor site.
Multimodal sentimental analysis for social media applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ganesh , Nguyen Tu N. , Hemanth D. Jude 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analysis of sentiments is essential in identifying and classifying opinions regarding a source material that is, a product or service. The analysis of these sentiments finds a variety of applications like product reviews, opinion polls, movie reviews on YouTube, news video analysis, and health care applications including stress and depression analysis. The traditional approach of sentiment analysis which is based on text involves the collection of large textual data and different algorithms to extract the sentiment information from it. But multimodal sentimental analysis provides methods to carry out opinion analysis based on the combination of video, audio, and text which goes a way beyond the conventional text‐based sentimental analysis in understanding human behaviors. The remarkable increase in the use of social media provides a large collection of multimodal data that reflects the user's sentiment on certain aspects. This multimodal sentimental analysis approach helps in classifying the polarity (positive, negative, and neutral) of the individual sentiments. Our work aims to present a survey of recent developments in analyzing the multimodal sentiments (involving text, audio, and video/image) which involve human–machine interaction and challenges involved in analyzing them. A detailed survey on sentimental dataset, feature extraction algorithms, data fusion methods, and efficiency of different classification techniques are presented in this work.This article is categorized under:Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Determining the leading-order contact term in neutrinoless double β decay
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Dekens Wouter , de Vries Jordy , Hoferichter Martin , Mereghetti Emanuele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a method to determine the leading-order (LO) contact term contributing to the nn → ppe−e− amplitude through the exchange of light Majorana neutrinos. Our approach is based on the representation of the amplitude as the momentum integral of a known kernel (proportional to the neutrino propagator) times the generalized forward Compton scattering amplitude n(p1)n(p2)W+(k) →$$ p\left({p}_1^{\prime}\right)p\left({p}_2^{\prime}\right){W}^{-}(k) $$
p

p
1
′

p

p
2
′

W
−

k

, in analogy to the Cottingham formula for the electromagnetic contribution to hadron masses. We construct model-independent representations of the integrand in the low- and high-momentum regions, through chiral EFT and the operator product expansion, respectively. We then construct a model for the full amplitude by interpolating between these two regions, using appropriate nucleon factors for the weak currents and information on nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering in the 1S0 channel away from threshold. By matching the amplitude obtained in this way to the LO chiral EFT amplitude we obtain the relevant LO contact term and discuss various sources of uncertainty. We validate the approach by computing the analog I = 2 NN contact term and by reproducing, within uncertainties, the charge-independence-breaking contribution to the 1S0NN scattering lengths. While our analysis is performed in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme, we express our final result in terms of the scheme-independent renormalized amplitude $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\nu}\left(\left|\mathbf{p}\right|,\left|\mathbf{p}^{\prime}\right|\right) $$

A
ν

p

p
′

at a set of kinematic points near threshold. We illustrate for two cutoff schemes how, using our synthetic data for $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\nu } $$

A
ν

, one can determine the contact-term contribution in any regularization scheme, in particular the ones employed in nuclear-structure calculations for isotopes of experimental interest.
Composite operators in $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed free QFTs
Authors: Dey Anshuman , Goykhman Mikhail , Smolkin Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study perturbative renormalization of the composite operators in the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed two-dimensional free field theories. The pattern of renormalization for the stress-energy tensor is different in the massive and massless cases. While in the latter case the canonical stress tensor is not renormalized up to high order in the perturbative expansion, in the massive theory there are induced counterterms at linear order. For a massless theory our results match the general formula derived recently in [1].
PROJECTIVE GENERATION FOR EQUIVARIANT

-MODULES
Authors: BELLAMY G. , GUNNINGHAM S. , RASKIN S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate compact projective generators in the category of equivariant "Image missing"-modules on a smooth affine variety. For a reductive group G acting on a smooth affine variety X, there is a natural countable set of compact projective generators indexed by finite dimensional representations of G. We show that only finitely many of these objects are required to generate; thus the category has a single compact projective generator. The proof goes via an analogous statement about compact generators in the equivariant derived category, which holds in much greater generality and may be of independent interest.
Quantity and quality of childcare and children’s educational outcomes
Authors: Blanden Jo , Del Bono Emilia , Hansen Kirstine , Rabe Birgitta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolicy-makers wanting to support child development can choose to adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess the impact of such changes, we estimate the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England of about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement at age 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation in the length and starting age of free pre-school using administrative school records linked to nursery characteristics. Estimated effects are small overall, but the impact of the additional term is substantially larger in settings with the highest inspection quality rating but not in settings with highly qualified staff. Estimated effects fade out by age 7.
Finite memory model of bone healing in analysis of moving interface between mandible tissue and bone substitute material after tooth implant application
Authors: Hernandez-Rodriguez Yunuhen , Lekszycki Tomasz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA previous bone remodelling model was presented elsewhere [30], and in the present paper, the same model was tested with new conditions; an interaction between bone tissue, bone substitute material and a dental implant was considered. The bone substitute material was assumed to be dead tissue, which does not synthesizes neither absorbs bone tissue, and it was considered, as well, resolvable. A moving border between the bone substitute material and the bone tissue was studied. The border moved as the newly synthesised bone tissue took over the bone substitute material. After the numerical calculations of time-steps, the whole bone substitute material was replaced by normal bone tissue and the implant was fixed in place only by bone tissue. Dynamical studies of the interaction of bone tissue and implant are used to improved implant design considering different factors, in this case, the presence of bone substitute material helping to fix the implant.
Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Zhenglong , Li Jun , Schmit Timothy J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.