bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of technologies for carbon capture, sequestration, and utilization: Cost, capacity, and technology readiness
Authors: Kazemifar Farzan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe continued rise in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to calls from experts, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that has estimated that global warming needs to be limited to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels to avoid the worst effects of climate change, and that carbon neutrality would need to be achieved globally by 2050 to meet this target. Achieving carbon neutrality by mid‐century will rely on successful implementation and widespread adoption of technologies for reducing emissions from large point sources of CO2, direct CO2 capture from the air, as well as storage and utilization technologies that would convert CO2 to a form that would ensure safety and permanency of storage. In this paper, engineering solutions for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage are reviewed with a focus on technology readiness level, and cost. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility maximization versus regret minimization in health choice behavior: Evidence from four datasets
Authors: Buckell John , Vasavada Vrinda , Wordsworth Sarah , Regier Dean A. , Quaife Matthew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChoice models in health are almost exclusively based on the neoclassical economic paradigm of utility maximization. Recently developed choice models have captured and shown empirical support for regret minimization as an alternative decision rule. In health economics, recent applications of RRM models indicate that individuals making health‐based choices may exhibit regret minimization‐type behavior. In this paper, we build on this research using a more flexible model that allows for heterogeneous decision rules, separately from preference heterogeneity, and comparing it to models that assume single decision rules. We use four datasets from diverse settings in which individuals make health choices: tobacco markets, genomic testing, and HIV prevention. We found that, if a one‐size‐fits‐all rule is applied, then utility maximization was preferable to regret minimization for these datasets. However, we also find that individuals apply varying decision rules in similar proportions in these health settings, suggesting that models for heterogeneous decision rules were needed to capture these behaviors in these settings.
Implantable magnetic nanofibers with ON–OFF switchable release of curcumin for possible local hyperthermic chemotherapy of melanoma
Authors: Wei Wenju , Zarghami Nosratollah , Abasi Mozhgan , Ertas Yavuz Nuri , Pilehvar Younes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImplantable thermo‐responsive drug‐loaded magnetic nanofibers (NFs) have attracted great interest for localized thermo‐chemotherapy of cancer tissue/cells. From this perspective, smart polymeric electrospun NFs co‐loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and a natural polyphenol anticancer agent, curcumin (CUR), were developed to enhance the local hyperthermic chemotherapy against melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer. CUR/MNPs‐loaded thermo‐sensitive electrospun NFs exhibited alternating magnetic field (AMF)‐responsive heat generation and “ON–OFF” switchable heating capability. Besides, corresponding to the reversible alterations in the swelling ratio, the “ON–OFF” switchable discharge of CUR from the magnetic NFs was detected in response to the “ON–OFF” switching of AMF application. Due to the combinatorial effect of hyperthermia and release of CUR after applying an AMF (“ON” state) for 600 s on the second and third days of incubation time, the viability of the B16F10 melanoma cancer cells exposed to the CUR/MNPs‐NFs was reduced by 40% and 17%, respectively. Taken together, the macroscopic and nanoscale features of the smart NFs led to the creation of a reversibly adjustable structure that enabled hyperthermia and facile switchable release of CUR for eradication of melanoma cancer cells.
Design of thin‐structured‐light projection system for small‐height measurement
Authors: Wang Yuezong , Chen Jiqiang , Peng Youfan , Du Yimeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA thin‐structured light projection system with simple setup is proposed and applied to small‐height measurement. In this system, the design of structured light pattern is carried out on the computer. The structure, color, geometric dimension, motion mode, projection brightness, contrast, and other attributes of the pattern can be edited easily. The optical system with zoom function is designed, which can output thin‐structured‐light fringe with a minimum width of 10 μm. The camera and microscope are used to construct a vision system, which is used to capture the pattern of structured light. The three‐dimensional (3D) shape reconstruction is realized by analyzing the pattern of structured light. The results show that this system can project a small width of thin‐structured light pattern, which is very suitable for 3D shape reconstruction of microscopic objects with the small‐height of tens of microns to hundreds of microns.
MA(ℵ0) restricted to complete Boolean algebras and choice
Authors: Tachtsis Eleftherios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is a long standing open problem whether or not the Axiom of Countable Choice implies the fragment of Martin's Axiom either in or in . In this direction, we provide a partial answer by establishing that the Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem in conjunction with the Countable Union Theorem does not imply restricted to complete Boolean algebras in . Furthermore, we prove that the latter (formally) weaker form of and the Δ‐system Lemma are independent of each other in .We also answer open questions from Tachtsis [16] which concern the status of restricted to complete Boolean algebras in certain Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation models of and we strengthen some results from the above paper.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Gas Phase Polymerization of Ethylene: RSM or ANN Statistical Methods?
Authors: Ishola Niyi B. , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe direct and interactive effects of process variables, including the use of iso‐pentane as an inert condensing agent, on the rate of polymerization and main physical properties of linear low‐density polyethylene are studied using two different statistical methods. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level five factor Box–Behnken design is used to generate the number of experimental runs. The generated dataset is used to develop the RSM and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The effect of the input on the dependent variables is studied using the 3D response surface of the developed RSM model. The developed models are statistically analyzed and compared to determine their performance capability. The ANN model marginally outperforms the RSM model based on the computed statistical parameters but provides less information on the variable interactions.
A deep learning method for eliminating head motion artifacts in computed tomography
Authors: Su Bin , Wen Yuting , Liu Yanyan , Liao Shu , Fu Jianwei , Quan Guotao , Li Zhenlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeInvoluntary patient movement results in data discontinuities during computed tomography (CT) scans which lead to a serious degradation in the image quality. In this paper, we specifically address artifacts induced by patient motion during a head scan.MethodInstead of trying to solve an inverse problem, we developed a motion simulation algorithm to synthesize images with motion‐induced artifacts. The artifacts induced by rotation, translation, oscillation and any possible combination are considered. Taking advantage of the powerful learning ability of neural networks, we designed a novel 3D network structure with both a large reception field and a high image resolution to map the artifact‐free images from artifact‐contaminated images. Quantitative results of the proposed method were evaluated against the results of U‐Net and proposed networks without dilation structure. Thirty sets of motion contaminated images from two hospitals were selected to do a clinical evaluation.ResultFacilitating the training dataset with artifacts induced by variable motion patterns and the neural network, the artifact can be removed with good performance. Validation dataset with simulated random motion pattern showed outperformed image correction, and quantitative results showed the proposed network had the lowest normalized root‐mean‐square error, highest peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and structure similarity, indicating our network gave the best approximation of gold standard. Clinical image processing results further confirmed the effectiveness of our method.ConclusionWe proposed a novel deep learning‐based algorithm to eliminate motion artifacts. The convolutional neural networks trained with synthesized image pairs achieved promising results in artifacts reduction. The corrected images increased the diagnostic confidence compared with artifacts contaminated images. We believe that the correction method can restore the ability to successfully diagnose and avoid repeated CT scans in certain clinical circumstances.
Simplified modeling of electromagnets for dynamic simulation of transient effects for a synchronous electric motor
Authors: Bechler Florian , Kesten Julius , Wittemann Florian , Henning Frank , Doppelbauer Martin , Eberhard Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to show an approach for the dynamic simulation of a synchronous machine. The magnetic forces in the air gap are calculated efficiently using simplified approaches without neglecting important effects. For the modeling of the magnetic forces, an equivalent magnetic circuit is constructed in which the magnetic saturation and the leakage flux are taken into account and coupled with the electrical circuit at the end. The calculated magnetic forces are then passed to a mechanical model of the motor. Together with a predefinable load torque, the resulting motor rotation and the forces in the bearings are identified. The presented model is then investigated in a small example. This novel approach is intended to provide a method of calculating dynamically the forces transmitted from the shaft to the motor housing and to create the basis for evaluating electric motors for vibrations, noise, and harshness under varying loads and input voltages.
Historical Records Reveal Changes to the Migration Timing and Abundance of Winter Steelhead in Olympic Peninsula Rivers, Washington State, USA
Authors: McMillan John R. , Sloat Matthew R. , Liermann Martin , Pess George 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyzed multiple historical data sources (circa 1948–1960) to estimate migration timing and abundance of Olympic Peninsula winter steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Quillayute, Hoh, Queets, and Quinault rivers, Washington, to provide context for contemporary (circa 1980–2017) population trends. Contemporary wild winter steelhead migrations peak 1–2 months later than historical migrations, and migration timing breadth has contracted by up to 26 d (a 37% reduction of the interquartile range of the migration timing distribution). Migration timing changes coincide with an era of peak industrial forestry and introductions of early migrating hatchery winter steelhead stocks. We estimate that contemporary mean wild winter steelhead abundance has declined by 55% across populations compared to circa 1948–1960 historical means, with 1920s records suggesting declines of up to 77% in the Queets River. Migration timing shifts and the magnitude of population declines are not evident in modern fisheries monitoring records, which began around 1980. Our results demonstrate how modest extensions of the period of record (e.g., 30 years) increase the power to identify population changes that are not readily apparent from contemporary fisheries monitoring programs. Historical fisheries data can help managers to avoid the shifting baseline syndrome and provide important reference points for rebuilding population diversity and abundance.
Dolomite dust filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite: Influence of fabrication techniques on physicomechanical and erosion wear properties
Authors: Verma Shashi Kant , Gangil Brijesh , Gupta Ashutosh , Rajput Nitesh Singh , Singh Tej 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of fabrication techniques on the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear properties of glass fiber reinforced dolomite dust‐filled epoxy composites. The composites were fabricated by hand layup and vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VRTM) techniques with fixed glass fiber (20 wt%) and varying dolomite dust (0 to 15 wt%) with epoxy resin. In physical properties, the experimental density consistently increased with the increase in the dolomite hand layup and the VRTM process; in opposite the voids content increased in the hand layup process and decreased in the VRTM process. In mechanical properties, the hardness, impact energy, and interlaminar shear strength increases while tensile and flexural strength consistently decreases with dolomite dust content. Using Taguchi's optimization technique, the erosion wear of the fabricated composites was also evaluated at different impingement angles, impact velocities, and erodent sizes. Erosion test results indicate that the VRTM process fabricated composite has minimum erosion wear compared to the hand layup process. The eroded surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope to understand the erosion behavior of particulate‐filled fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Heat waves affect prey and predators differently via developmental plasticity: who may benefit most from global warming?
Authors: Tscholl Thomas , Nachman Gösta , Spangl Bernhard , Walzer Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate warming is considered to affect the characteristics of heat waves by increasing their duration, frequency and intensity, which can have dramatic consequences for ectothermic arthropods. However, arthropods may respond to heat waves via plastic modifications, which could differently affect a predator and its prey. We examined this assumption using prominent counterparts in biological control, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis and its prey, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Individuals of both species were separately exposed to mild and extreme heat waves during their juvenile development.RESULTSBoth species developed faster during extreme heat waves, but the proportional increase of the developmental rates was higher in the prey. Independent of sex, P. persimilis reached smaller size at maturity under extreme heat waves, whereas the body size modifications were sex‐dependent in T. urticae: males became smaller, but females were able to maintain their size.CONCLUSIONSAn accelerated development may result in the reduction of the exposure time of susceptible juvenile stages to heat waves and prey stages to predators. Plastic size adjustments caused a shift in the female predator–prey body size ratio in favor of the prey, which may lead to higher heat resistance and reduced predation risk for prey females under extreme heat waves. In conclusion, our findings indicate that species‐specific shifts in age and size at maturity may result in lower suppression efficacy of the predator P. persimilis against its prey T. urticae with severe consequences for biological control of spider mites, if global warming continues.
The evolution of Catholic/Protestant unemployment inequality in Northern Ireland, 1983–2016
Authors: Rowland Neil , McVicar Duncan , Shuttleworth Ian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEthnic and religious differentials in labour market outcomes within many countries have been remarkably persistent. Yet one very well‐known differential—the Catholic/Protestant unemployment differential in Northern Ireland—has largely (although not completely) disappeared. This paper charts its decline since the early 1980s and examines potential explanations using Census data from 1991, 2001 and 2011 together with annual survey data. These data span the ending of The Troubles, the signing of the Good Friday Agreement, the introduction of fair employment legislation, growth in hidden unemployment and major structural changes in Northern Ireland. We assess the potential impact of these changes.
A doubly robust method to handle missing multilevel outcome data with application to the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Butera Nicole M. , Zeng Donglin , Green Howard Annie , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Cai Jianwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMissing data are common in longitudinal cohort studies and can lead to bias, particularly in studies with informative missingness. Many common methods for handling informatively missing data in survey samples require correctly specifying a model for missingness. Although doubly robust methods exist to provide unbiased regression coefficients in the presence of missing outcome data, these methods do not account for correlation due to clustering inherent in longitudinal or cluster‐sampled studies. In this work, we developed a doubly robust method to estimate the regression of an outcome on a predictor in the presence of missing multilevel data on the outcome, which results in consistent estimation of regression coefficients assuming correct specification of either (1) the probability of missingness or (2) the outcome model. This method involves specification of separate hierarchical models for missingness and for the outcome, conditional on observed auxiliary variables and cluster‐specific random effects, to account for correlation among observations. We showed this proposed estimator is doubly robust and derived its asymptotic distribution, conducted simulation studies to compare the method to an existing doubly robust method developed for independent data, and applied the method to data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, an ongoing multilevel longitudinal cohort study.
Spatiotemporal Quantification of Endosomal Acidification on the Viral Journey
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Gang , Zhao Liang , Chen Lu‐Lu , Liu Hao‐Yang , Wang Lei , Hu Yusi , Shi Xue‐Hui , Zhao Dongbing , Liu Shu‐Lin , Pang Dai‐Wen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany enveloped viruses utilize endocytic pathways and vesicle trafficking to infect host cells, where the acidification of virus‐containing endosomes triggers the virus‐endosome fusion events. Therefore, simultaneous correlation of intracellular location, local pH, and individual virus dynamics is important for gaining insight into viral infection mechanisms. Here, an imaging approach is developed for spatiotemporal quantification of endosomal acidification on the viral journey in host cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer based ratiometric pH sensor consisting of a photostable and high‐brightness QD, pH‐sensitive fluorescent dyes, and virus‐binding proteins. Ratiometric analysis of sensor‐based single‐virus tracking data enables to dissect a two‐step endosomal acidification process during the infection of influenza viruses and elucidates the occurrence of the fission and sorting of virus‐containing endosomes to recycling endosomes after initial acidification. This technique should serve as a robust approach for in situ quantification of endosomal acidification on the viral journey.
Photo Rechargeable Li‐Ion Batteries Using Nanorod Heterostructure Electrodes
Authors: Kumar Amar , Thakur Pallavi , Sharma Rahul , Puthirath Anand B. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Narayanan Tharangattu N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew ways of directly using solar energy to charge electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries would lead to exciting developments in energy technologies. Here, a two‐electrode photo rechargeable Li‐ion battery is demonstrated using nanorod of type II semiconductor heterostructures with in‐plane domains of crystalline MoS2 and amorphous MoOx. The staggered energy band alignment of MoS2 and MoOx limits the electron holes recombination and causes holes to be retained in the Li intercalated MoS2 electrode. The holes generated in the MoS2 pushes the intercalated Li‐ions and hence charge the battery. Low band gap, high efficiency photo‐conversion and efficient electron–hole separation help the battery to fully charge within a few hours using solar light. The proposed concept and materials can enable next generation stable photo‐rechargeable battery electrodes, in contrast to the reported materials.
White Light Afterglow in Carbon Dots Achieved via Synergy between the Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and the Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Zhu Jinyang , Hu Junhua , Hu Qiang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ushakova Elena V. , Liu Kaikai , Wang Shixun , Chen Xu , Shan Chongxin , Rogach Andrey L. , Bai Xue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbon dot (CD) based long‐lived afterglow emission materials have attracted attention in recent years, but demonstration of white‐light room‐temperature afterglow remains challenging, due to the difficulty of simultaneous generation of multiple long‐lived excited states with distinct chromatic emission. In this work, a white‐light room‐temperature long‐lived afterglow emission from a CD powder with a high efficiency of 5.8% and Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.396, 0.409) is realized. The afterglow of the CDs originates from a synergy between the phosphorescence of the carbon core and the delayed fluorescence associated with the surface CN moieties, which is accomplished by matching the singlet state of the surface groups of the CDs with the long‐lived triplet state of the carbon core, resulting in an efficient energy transfer. It is demonstrated how the long‐lived afterglow emission of CDs can be utilized for fabrication of white light emitting devices and in anticounterfeiting applications.
An Efficient Carbon‐Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy through the Nucleus Targeting and Mitochondria Mediated Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Li Chenchen , Xue Qianghua , Yin Xuelian , Li Yajie , He Wen , Chen Xuerui , Zhang Jian , Reis Rui L. , Wang Yanli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emergence of nanocarriers solves the problems of antitumor drugs such as non‐targeting, huge side effects, etc., and has been widely used in tumor therapy. Some kinds of antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) mainly act on the nucleic acid causing DNA damage, interfering with transcription, and thereby disrupting or blocking the process of cancer cell replication. Herein, a new nanodrug delivery system, the carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs)‐Pluronic F127‐DOX (CPD), is designed by using CBNs as a nanocarrier for DOX. As a result, the tumor growth inhibition rate of CPD group is as high as 79.42 ± 2.83%, and greatly reduces the side effects. The targeting rate of the CPD group of DOX in the tumor nucleus is 36.78%, and the %ID/g in tumor tissue is 30.09%. The CPD regulates the expression levels of Caspase‐3, p53, and Bcl‐2 genes by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicates that mitochondrial‐mediated pathways are involved in apoptosis. The CPD nanodrug delivery system increases the effective accumulation of DOX in tumor cell nuclei and tumor tissues, and generates massive ROS, thereby inhibiting tumor growth in vivo, representing a promising agent for anticancer applications.