bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delusional disorders: boundaries of a concept
Authors: Fear CF , McMonagle T , Healy D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn 1987, DSM-III introduced the term delusional disorder. In so doing they gave new life to a concept that had predated but was delineated in its modern form by Kraepelin and developed most notably in France in the second and third decades of this century. While the current concept of delusional disorder is defined in a manner that distinguishes it from schizophrenia, a consideration of the evolution of thinking about delusional syndromes in France suggests that current distinctions are based on descriptive convenience rather than any understanding of the mechanisms that might produce phenotypic variations. If the purpose of accurate descriptions is to assist research, this state of affairs would seem unsatisfactory.
Anion Exchange Ionomers: Impact of Chemistry on Thin‐Film Properties
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Kushner Douglas I. , Li Jonathan , Park Eun Joo , Kim Yu Seung , Kusoglu Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIonomer thin‐films (i.e., 20–100 nm) on supports serve as model systems to understand ionomer‐catalyst interfacial behavior as well as the confinement‐driven deviation in properties from bulk membranes. While ionomer thin‐films have been examined for proton exchange ionomers, the thin‐film properties of anion exchange ionomers (AEIs) remain largely unexplored. More importantly, delineating the convoluted impact of chemistry and confinement on thin‐film morphology and hydration is of interest to advancing the field on functional ionic interfaces. In this work, these aspects are studied by using AEIs of different backbones (perfluorinated, aliphatic, and aromatic) and side chains (various lengths, and single versus dual functional groups). Quartz‐crystal microbalance and spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to analyze density and coupled with calculated free volume fraction of thin‐films to provide insights on their gas transport properties. AEI side‐chain's chemical character plays a key role in how confinement modulates hydration (in thin‐film versus bulk). The results elucidate the effects of backbone, side‐chain chemistry versus anion/cation type in the confinement‐driven changes in thin‐film morphology and swelling. This study also provides new insights for tuning AEI transport functionalities at interfaces via chemistry, which can benefit the design and development of electrode‐ionomers for alkaline membrane‐based energy systems.
3D Printed Enzyme‐Functionalized Scaffold Facilitates Diabetic Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yang Chen , Zheng Zhiwei , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Dong Chenle , Chen Yahong , Lei Shan , Zhang Dong‐Yang , Wu Jiayingzi , Wu Xueqing , Lin Jing , Wang Xiansong , Huang Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer from a high risk of fractures and poor bone healing ability. Surprisingly, no effective therapy is available to treat diabetic bone defect in clinic. Here, a 3D printed enzyme‐functionalized scaffold with multiple bioactivities including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and anti‐inflammation in diabetic conditions is proposed. The as‐prepared multifunctional scaffold is constituted with alginate, glucose oxidase (GOx), and catalase‐assisted biomineralized calcium phosphate nanosheets (CaP@CAT NSs). The GOx inside scaffolds can alleviate the hyperglycemia environment by catalyzing glucose and oxygen into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both the generated H2O2 as well as the overproduced H2O2 in DM can be scavenged by CaP@CAT NSs, while the initiated hypoxic microenvironment stimulates neovascularization. Moreover, the incorporation of CaP@CAT NSs not only enhance the mechanical property of the scaffolds, but also facilitate bone regeneration by the degraded Ca2+ and PO43− ions. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes demonstrate that enzymes functionalized scaffolds can be an effective strategy for enhancing bone tissue regeneration in diabetic conditions, underpinning the potential of multifunctional scaffolds for diabetic bone regeneration.
Bubble‐Induced In Situ Property Modulation of Liquid Metal
Authors: Xiao Yao , Ding Yu , Lei Jia , Fu Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlterable surface tension and electrical properties of liquid metals are of great significance to their applications in intelligent robots, bionic applications, and electronics. To further understand the interfacial properties of liquid metals, the highly effective and in situ modulation strategy is imperative to be developed. Here, a bubble‐induced in situ modulation strategy to achieve the on‐demand surface tension and electrical properties is initially demonstrated. The size and shape of bubbles are modulated by virtue of thermal effect under the laser irradiation. As a consequence of the regulated location of bubbles, the surface tension and electrical potential are in situ adjusted reversibly and periodically. In situ surface property modulation of liquid metal may provide promising prospects for efficient property tuning strategies and innovative on‐demand applications.
Cohabiting Plant‐Wearable Sensor In Situ Monitors Water Transport in Plant
Authors: Chai Yangfan , Chen Chuyi , Luo Xuan , Zhan Shijie , Kim Jongmin , Luo Jikui , Wang Xiaozhi , Hu Zhongyuan , Ying Yibin , Liu Xiangjiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe boom of plant phenotype highlights the need to measure the physiological characteristics of an individual plant. However, continuous real‐time monitoring of a plant's internal physiological status remains challenging using traditional silicon‐based sensor technology, due to the fundamental mismatch between rigid sensors and soft and curved plant surfaces. Here, the first flexible electronic sensing device is reported that can harmlessly cohabitate with the plant and continuously monitor its stem sap flow, a critical plant physiological characteristic for analyzing plant health, water consumption, and nutrient distribution. Due to a special design and the materials chosen, the realized plant‐wearable sensor is thin, soft, lightweight, air/water/light‐permeable, and shows excellent biocompatibility, therefore enabling the sap flow detection in a continuous and non‐destructive manner. The sensor can serve as a noninvasive, high‐throughput, low‐cost toolbox, and holds excellent potentials in phenotyping. Furthermore, the real‐time investigation on stem flow insides watermelon reveals a previously unknown day/night shift pattern of water allocation between fruit and its adjacent branch, which has not been reported before.
Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire‐maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA
Authors: Diaz‐Toribio Milton H. , Putz Francis E. 
Published: March 2021

PremiseMany perennial herbaceous plants develop underground storage organs (USOs) that store carbohydrates, water, and minerals. The resprouting ability of plants is influenced by the availability of these materials and by the type of underground organ and number of viable buds. In this study, we illustrate the diversity of longleaf pine savanna species and their nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) pools and concentrations. We also determined whether NSC concentrations by USO are good predictors of NSC pools in species with different types of underground structures.MethodsWe excavated in their entirety 1–4 individuals of each of 100 ground‐layer pine savanna species, classified their USO types, and measured their NSC concentrations and NSC pools.ResultsThe NSC concentrations in underground organs varied widely among the 100 species sampled. Surprisingly, the fibrous roots of Pityopsis graminifolia stored higher concentrations of NSCs than many species with USOs. The relationship between NSC concentrations and NSC pools was strong after controlling for underground biomass.ConclusionsOur results revealed the high diversity of underground organs in pine savannas. It also showed that NSC concentrations in species with USOs reach high levels. Predictions of NSC pool sizes from NSC concentrations are interpretable, when corrections for underground biomass are considered. Research on underground organs would benefit from inclusion of morphological‐anatomical analyses and phylogenetic controls to promote use of the data in broad‐scale analyses.
Shaping the Temporal Waveform of Tri‐Photon with Double‐Dressing
Authors: Li Yameng , Li Kangkang , Ning Shaohuan , Fan Huanrong , Liang Shun , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, a method to generate and shape the tri‐photon entanglement in the temporal domain via simplified single step of six‐wave mixing processes of hot atomic gas media is proposed. The effect of dressing fields on shaping the tri‐photon temporal waveform is discussed. Cascade double dressing fields will reduce the width of rectangular profile of tri‐photon waveform when compared to the single dressing field. Conversely, nested double dressing fields will widen the width of rectangular profile of tri‐photon waveform. The double dressing field will affect the coherence time of linear optical response. The relationship between phase matching bandwidth and electromagnetically induced transparency bandwidth will decide the shape of temporal waveform and coherence time in linear optical response. The transition of nonlinear optical response to linear optical response can be completed by regulating the dressing fields. The results of this proposed study have potential impact on long‐distance quantum communication, high‐dimensional entanglement, and photon storage.
Optimal Control for Robust Photon State Transfer in Optomechanical Systems
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Jin‐Lei , Feng Yu‐Kun , Han Jin‐Xuan , Xia Yan , Jiang Yong‐Yuan , Song Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCavity optomechanical systems converting quantum state between photons facilitate the development of scalable quantum information processors. The control of state transfer in such systems require producing fast and robust transfer to the target state with high fidelity. Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) has recently been proved a powerful method for performing fast quantum state conversion in optomechanical systems, which is, however, not robust enough against deviations in control parameters. Here a scheme to realize robust photon state transfer in a universal cavity optomechanical system by combining STA with optimal control technique (OCT) is proposed. Minimizing systematic error sensitivities with adjustable optimization parameters allows to control simultaneously the transfer speed, fidelity, and robustness against errors. Numerical results show that the optimized scheme is insensitive to deviations in optomechanical coupling and frequency detuning over a broad range. The effects of dissipation on the transfer fidelity are also examined for practical implementation of the scheme in realistic scenarios.
Three‐Mode Squeezing of Simultaneous and Ordinal Cascaded Four‐Wave Mixing Processes in Rubidium Vapor
Authors: Li Wei , Li Changbiao , Niu Mengqi , Luo Binshuo , Ahmed Irfan , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultipartite quantum correlation plays a vital role in potential applications of quantum technologies. In this paper, using energy‐level cascaded four‐wave mixing (EC‐FWM) process, a scheme to produce quantum correlated three‐mode light beams within a single device of hot atomic medium of rubidium is proposed. Two‐ and three‐mode amplitude, phase quadrature squeezing and intensity difference squeezing using energy‐level simultaneous cascaded FWM (ESC‐FWM) method and energy‐level ordinal cascaded FWM (EOC‐FWM) method, respectively, is theoretically reported. Via investigating their covariance matrix properties, the comparison has been made between the two methods, which shows the ESC‐FWM method has a more stable mode structure than EOC‐FWM method. Moreover, versatile gain dependent squeezing via EC‐FWM is studied and analytical expressions are given. These results show a simplified and efficient experimental scheme producing multipartite quantum correlation among multiple spatially separated beams.
Photochemische Carbentransferreaktionen von Aryl/Aryldiazoalkanen – Experiment und Theorie**
Authors: Jana Sripati , Pei Chao , Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFür die Entwicklung selektiver Carbentransferreaktionen ist die Kontrolle der Reaktivität von Carbenen ein Schlüsselparameter und wird üblicherweise mit Hilfe von Metallkomplexen für die Stabilisierung von Singulett‐Metall‐Carben‐Zwischenstufen erreicht. In dieser experimentellen und theoretischen Studie zeigen wir, dass die Reaktivität freier Diarylcarbene durch die elektronischen Eigenschaften der Substituenten gesteuert werden kann, ohne dass externe Additive erforderlich sind. Die Einführung elektronenschiebender und ‐ziehender Gruppen beeinflusst dabei nicht nur die Singulett/Triplett Aufspaltung von Diarylcarbenen, sondern auch die Aktivierungsenergie nachfolgender Carbentansferreaktion. Dieser Ansatz überwindet nun ein langjähriges Paradigma in der Reaktivität von Diarylcarbenen und ermöglicht es nun chemoselektive Carbentransferreaktionen mit Alkinen zu realisieren. Wir konnten zeigen, dass freie Diarylcarbene durch Photolyse der entsprechenden Diazoverbindungen leicht zugänglich sind und dass diese Carbene selektiv in Cyclopropenierungs‐, Kaskaden‐ oder C‐H‐Funktionalisierungsreaktionen reagieren können. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zum Reaktionsmechanismus untermauern die Beteiligung verschiedener Carbenspinzustände.
Three‐Component Self‐Assembly Changes its Course: A Leap from Simple Polymers to 3D Networks of Spherical Host–Guest Assemblies
Authors: Peresypkina Eugenia , Grill Kevin , Hiltl Barbara , Virovets Alexander V. , Kremer Werner , Hilgert Jan , Tremel Wolfgang , Scheer Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne‐pot self‐assembly reactions of the polyphosphorus complex [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] (A), a coinage metal salt AgSbF6, and flexible aliphatic dinitriles NC(CH2)xCN (x=1–10) yield 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers. The seven‐membered backbone of the dinitrile was experimentally found as the borderline for the self‐assembly system furnishing products of different kinds. At x<7, various rather simple polymers are exclusively formed possessing either 0D or 1D Ag/A structural motifs connected by dinitrile spacers, while at x≥7, the self‐assembly switches to unprecedented extraordinary 3D networks of nano‐sized host–guest assemblies (SbF6)@[(A)9Ag11]11+ (x=7) or (A)@[(A)12Ag12]12+ (x=8–10) linked by dinitriles. The polycationic nodes represent the first superspheres based on A and silver and are host–guest able. All products are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The assemblies [(A)12Ag12]12+ were visualized by transmission electron microscopy.
Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid)—cassava bagasse composites produced by injection molding
Authors: de Carvalho Fabíola Azanha , Moreira Amanda Aleixo , de Oliveira André Luiz Martinez , Yamashita Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeat poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/cassava bagasse (CB) composites were used to produce seedling tubes by extrusion and injection molding. The tubes were buried in simulated soil, and their biodegradation was investigated by weight loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After 180 days, the composites' biodegradation was higher than neat PLA material, and the higher the CB content, the higher the biodegradation, which caused fissures and voids in the material. The biodegradation of PLA/CB composites increased the phosphorus content in the soil after 180 days. Composites of PLA with CB, an abundant agro‐industrial residue in Brazil, are promising because they can reduce the environmental impact due to CB's proper destination, and the composites' costs and biodegradation are faster than pure PLA material. Both the faster biodegradation of the tube and the higher P content are advantageous for seedling tubes.
Biobased flexible polyurethane foams manufactured from lactide‐based polyester‐ether polyols for automotive applications
Authors: Bote Sayli Devdas , Kiziltas Alper , Scheper Ian , Mielewski Deborah , Narayan Ramani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, biobased polyester‐ether polyols derived from meso‐lactide and dimer acids were evaluated for flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) applications. Initially, the catalyst concentration was optimized for the biobased PUF containing 30% of biobased polyol (70% petroleum‐based polyol). Then, the same formulation was used for biobased PUF synthesis containing 10%–40% of biobased polyols. The performance of biobased PUF was compared with the performance of the control foam made with 100% petroleum‐based polyol. The characteristic times (cream, top of the cup, string gel, rise, tack‐free) of biobased PUF were determined. The biobased PUF were evaluated for the mechanical (tensile and compressive) and morphological properties. As the wet compression set is important for automotive applications, it was measured for all biobased PUF. The thermal degradation behavior of biobased PUF was also evaluated and compared with the control foam. The effect of different hydroxyl and acid values of polyols on the mechanical properties of biobased PUF is also discussed. The miscibility of all components of PUF formulations is crucial in order to produce a foam with uniform properties. Thus, the miscibility of biobased polyols with commercial petroleum‐based polyol was studied.
Isolation and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory property of bacoside‐A3 via downregulation of β‐amyloid induced inflammatory response
Authors: Bai Qing‐ke , Zhao Zhen‐guo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders caused by neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in brain. Bacoside A and B isolated from the Bacopa monniera plant are responsible for cognitive effects. These compounds repair damaged neurons by promoting activity of kinases, synaptic activity restoration, and improvement of nerve transmission. The present study explored the effect of bacoside‐A3 on β‐amyloid‐induced reduction of U87MG cell viability, generation of oxidative radicals, and activation of nuclear factor‐κB. The U87MG cells were stimulated with β‐amyloid (10 μM) after 24 h of bacoside‐A3 pretreatment or without pretreatment to induce characteristics of Alzheimer disease in vitro. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to count viable cells and ELISA kit for analysis of PGE2 secretion. The pretreatment with bacoside‐A3 prevented β‐amyloid‐mediated suppression of U87MG cell proliferation. Pretreatment of U87MG cells with bacoside‐A3 prior to β‐amyloid stimulation suppressed generation of ROS in a concentration‐based manner. The β‐amyloid‐mediated formation of iNOS in U87MG cells was suppressed by bacoside‐A3 in a dose‐based manner. The β‐amyloid‐mediated PGE2 secretion was suppressed by bacoside‐A3 pretreatment in U87MG cells in the dose‐based manner. The overexpression of COX‐2 by β‐amyloid stimulation was suppressed in bacoside‐A pretreated cells in the dose‐based manner. The bacoside‐A3 pretreatment prevented nuclear translocation of NF‐κB in U87MG cells in the dose‐based manner. In summary, bacoside‐A3 prevented β‐amyloid‐mediated suppression of U87MG cell viability, inhibited generation of oxidative radicals, PGE2, and synthesis of iNOS. Therefore, bacoside‐A3 has therapeutic potential for Alzheimer disease and further in vivo studies need to be performed.
Process and operations strategies to enable global access to antibody therapies
Authors: Kelley Brian , Renshaw Todd , Kamarck Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFew monoclonal antibodies are currently approved for treating infectious diseases, but multiple products are in development against a broad range of infectious diseases, including Ebola, influenza, hepatitis B, HIV, dengue, and COVID‐19. The maturity of mAb technologies now allow us to identify and advance neutralizing mAb products to the clinic at “pandemic pace”, as the pipeline of mAbs targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 has demonstrated. Ensuring global access to these products for passive immunization, however, will require both low manufacturing cost and multi‐ton production capacity—particularly for those infectious diseases where the geographic burden falls mostly in low‐ and middle‐income countries or those with pandemic potential. Analysis of process economics and manufacturing technologies for antibody and other parenteral protein therapeutics demonstrates the importance of economies of scale to reducing the cost of goods for drug substance manufacturing. There are major benefits to convergence on a standardized platform process for antibody production that is portable to most existing very large‐scale facilities, carries low risk for complications during process transfer and scale‐up, and has a predictable timeline and probability of technical and regulatory success. In the case of an infectious disease with pandemic potential which could be treated with an antibody, such as COVID‐19 or influenza, these advantages are paramount.
The efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 therapy among patients with metastatic acral and metastatic mucosal melanoma
Authors: Ogata Dai , Haydu Lauren E. , Glitza Isabella C. , Patel Sapna P. , Tawbi Hussein A. , McQuade Jennifer L. , Diab Adi , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan , Wong Michael K. , Davies Michael A. , Amaria Rodabe N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibodies are a standard treatment for metastatic melanoma patients. However, the understanding of the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 for acral melanoma (AM) and mucosal melanoma (MM) is limited as these subtypes are relatively rare compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM).MethodsThis single institution, retrospective cohort study included patients with advanced AM and MM who underwent anti‐PD‐1 therapy for metastatic melanoma between 2012 and 2018. Objective responses were determined using the investigator‐assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with survival outcomes.ResultsNinety‐seven patients were identified, 38 (39%) with AM and 59 (61%) with MM. The objective response rates (ORRs) were 21.0% and 15.2% in patients with AM and MM, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 3.6 and 25.7 months for AM patients, and 3.0 and 20.1 months for MM patients, respectively. Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (AM: hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.87; p = 0.03, MM: HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08–0.53; p = 0.001) was significantly associated with shorter OS for both subtypes.ConclusionsThe ORR, PFS, and OS with anti‐PD‐1 therapy were poor in patients with AM and MM compared to those previously reported clinical trials for nonacral CM. High serum LDH was associated with significantly shorter OS.