bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First National Record for Culex iridescens in Peru
Authors: Ayala-Sulca Yuri , Carrasco-Badajoz Carlos , Huicho-Yanasupo Naum , Zamalloa-Vilca Carlos , Arque-Chunga Wilfredo , Ortega-Morales Aldo I. , Ramírez Rina , Fernadez-Salas Ildefonso 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
On October 9, 2019, mosquito collections were conducted to update the mosquito species of medical importance in the Apurímac River Valley, Canayre, in the state of Ayacucho, Peru. Species collected included Culex (Carrollia) iridescens, which had been previously reported only in Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil, this being the first national report of this species in Peru and the first species within the genus Culex in Ayacucho. With the addition of Cx. iridescens to the mosquito fauna of Peru, there are currently 182 species in the country. Specimens collected during this study were deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the National University of San Cristobal Huamanga in Ayacucho, Peru.
First Record of Aedes podographicus in Nuevo León State, Mexico
Authors: Villegas-Ramírez Heriberto M. , Ortega-Morales Aldo I. , Flores-Suárez Adriana E. , Fernández-Salas Idelfoso , Ponce-García Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
In Mexico, Aedes podographicus is one of the most common species within the subgenus Protomacleaya of Aedes. This species has been collected in 12 states close to the coastal regions; however, few records confirm the presence of Ae. podographicus inland. During a mosquito-survey using ovitraps in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, Ae. podographicus was collected in association with Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. This is the first record of the presence of Ae. podographicus in Nuevo León. With the addition of Ae. podographicus to the mosquito fauna of Nuevo León, there are currently 66 species in the state, 19 within the genus Aedes and 6 within the subgenus Protomacleaya, the genus Aedes being the group with the major number of species in Nuevo León. Specimens collected during this study were deposited in the collection of insects and mites of medical importance of the Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico.
Mosquito Guttersnipe: A New Sampling Tool for Roof Gutters, Tree Holes, and Other Elevated Mosquito Habitats
Authors: Leonard Mark P. , Oliver Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Mosquitoes pose health risks to human populations by serving as vectors of diseases. Mosquito control organizations are responsible for inspecting and controlling vector populations to reduce the risk of infection of these diseases. Current sampling methods are effective for numerous types of mosquito habitat, but not conducive for sampling small overhead habitat such as roof gutters or tree holes. We have developed and tested a tool called the Mosquito GutterSnipe to sample these overhead habitats. Volumetric and larval capacity testing of the tool prototype demonstrated comparable sampling integrity to standard mosquito dipping methods. The GutterSnipe can be employed as a reliable way to sample previously overlooked mosquito habitat. Its current model is cost effective and easy to produce for mosquito control organizations and easy to use for inspectors.
Limited Heredity Diversity of the Critically Endangered Guizhou Golden Monkeys
Authors: Wang Siwei , Zhou Jiang 
Published: June 2021

Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) was a unique, endangered and endemic primate species in Guizhou Province. It was an isolated population caused by habitat loss and fragmentation due to the human disturbance in the recently 30 years in China, only distributed in Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province. To know the background with demonic population structure, we sequenced 867 bp of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop from 312 fresh fecal samples, results showed there 11 haplotypes among these samples, h was 0.517, π was 0.00413. It indicated that this species had the lowest genetic diversity among four golden monkeys in China and need strengthen the conversation concern for this species immediately.
Pharmacological activity and targeted delivery of supramolecular fenbendazole obtained by mechanochemical technology with various components
Authors: Varlamova A. I. , Arkhipov I. A. , Abramov V. E. , Arisov M. V. , Khalikov S. S. , Dushkin A. V. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research is studying the influence of various components on the targeted delivery of fenbendazole and evaluation of their efficacy in mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis.Materials and methods. The experiment used 80 white mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis, at a dose of 200 larvae per animal. Each group of 10 animals was administered intragastrically solid dispersion of fenbendazole (SDF) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), arabinogalactan (AG), disodium salt of glycyrrhizinic acid (Na2 GA), sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDS), licorice extract (LE) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) at a single dose of 2.0 mg/kg of active substance as compared with the fenbendazole substance at the same dose. The control group did not receive the drug. The anthelmintic efficacy was studied by the results of necropsy of the small intestine of mice on the second day after drugs administration. The concentration of fenbendazole and its metabolites in the small intestine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection.Results and discussion. SDF with PVP, AG, Na2 GA, SDS, LE and HES showed 98.0, 94.9, 96.6, 100, 86.0 and 81.0% efficacy against intestinal nematode T. spiralis at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of AS (fenbendazole). The maximum concentration of fenbendazole and its metabolites – sulfone and sulfoxide - was determined in the small intestine wall of animals on the second day after SDF with SDS administration and amounted to 3117.8, 614.6 and 2998.6 ng/g respectively. After fenbendazole substance administration, the drug and its metabolites were found in trace quantity.
Therapeutic Potential of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Against Oral and Intestinal Microbial Flora
Authors: Mishra Anita , Alia Aparna 
Published: June 2021

The tea powder produced from plant Camellia sinensis (L), is popular as a daily beverage drink among the Indian population. The tea plant produces large number of metabolites which are of medicinal value. In the present study, the activity of tea leaf extract was studied by disk diffusion method against the bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans, Enterobacter fecalis, Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Psudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the oral swab. From the disk diffusion assay, the tea extract has shown better activity against S. mutans and P. aeruginosa at the concentration, 25 mg/ml. It is effective agaisnt E. fecalis and S. aureus at higher concentration, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. Thus, the tea leaf can be considered as effective antibacterial agent against the oral pathogens.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 107-112.
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Agricultural Information Need of Smallholder Farmers in Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Mishra B.P. , Bhatta S. 
Published: June 2021

Agricultural information is very essential for smallholder farmers to increase farm production and productivity. However, there is no proper access to accurate and adequate agricultural information to smallholder farmers. This paper attempts to identify the existing agricultural information source and the agricultural information need of the smallholder farmers along with usefulness of the provided agricultural information. Household level data were obtained from four wards of Bharatpur metropolitan of Chitwan district during 2019. The result showed agrovet shops as most common source of agricultural information for smallholder farmers. The most needed agricultural information was about input market and prices followed by disease and pest control. Moderately useful agricultural information was provided to smallholder farmers. Findings of this research suggest that context specific agricultural information should be provided through the existing channels to the smallholder farmers.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 94-97.
Effect of Plant Geometry on Different Rapeseed Varieties under Rainfed Upland Condition in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Susmita , Thapa Binod , Poudel Laxmi , Paudel Prativa , Acharya Ujjwal , Acharya Bibek , Bohora Sidda Lal 
Published: June 2021

The field experiment was carried out during winter of 2018/19 with two varieties (Unnati and Surkhet-Local) and three plant geometry (15cm × 10 cm, 30cm × 10 cm, 45cm × 10cm) in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Statistically there was no difference between two varieties while differences were found on different spacing and interaction between variety and spacing on final seed yield. High significant differences on seed yield was due to spacing and yield of rapeseed were higher at the 30 cm inter row spacing as compared to the 15 cm and 45 cm inter row spacing. Statistically significant effect was found on mean values of seed yield for interaction which showed that Unnati cultivar in 30 cm x 10 cm plant geometry had the highest seed yield (969.86 kg/ha) followed by Surkhet-local with spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm (843.75 kg/ha) and 30 cm × 10 cm (823.76 kg/ha). Yield of these varieties decreased as spacing is increased, thus sowing of Unnati should be done at cropping geometry of 30 cm × 10 cm and for Surkhet-local it should not be done beyond 30 cm inter row spacing to get the maximum potential yield.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 113-121.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Azadirachta indica Juss. Plant Parts
Authors: Khanal Sujata 
Published: June 2021

Azadirachta indica which is commonly known as neem plant has one of the most promising medicinal properties having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Fresh matured leaves, stem-bark and seeds of A. indica (neem) were collected, air dried and aqueous-extract was used to screen for some active chemical constituents. Phytochemicals of neem plant parts were extracted and screened both qualitatively and quantitatively. The screening of A. indica was carried out at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi in a quest to evaluate the phytochemicals. Among the qualitative tests done for the presence of secondary metabolites; alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids were found to present in all of the tested parts whereas steroids, polyphenols and tannins were present only in leaves and stem-bark. Glycosides and coumarins are absent in all of the tested parts. Quantitative screening was also done by using gravimetric method. Alkaloids were found in all the parts of A. indica with the highest amount of alkaloids were obtained in stem-bark (12.8%) and lowest in leaves (10.67%). Highest flavonoids percentage was revealed in leaves (13.8%) and lowest flavonoids in stem-bark (12.8%). Similarly, seeds (2.53%) contained saponins % while it was lowest in stem-bark (2.50 %). Terpenoids % were similar in both i.e. leaves and stem-bark (13.13%), whereas lowest in seeds (12.77%). More research on secondary metabolites will be helpful to the chemical industries to produce plant-based chemicals and minimize the environment degradation from different synthetic chemicals.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 122-127.
Literacka historia ołowiu. Rekonesans
Authors: Tomczok Marta 
Published: June 2021

This article offers an overview and preliminary arrangements of literary texts, chosen paintings and films (most of them from the past three centuries) which feature the motif of lead. The presence of lead as a symbol has been detected in poetry which treated the problem of war and peace; occasionally this use of lead has occurred in relation to printing, typesetting, and – less frequently – children’s toys. Much more often the motif of lead has been used in literary works to introduce the topic of melancholia and to express artists’ interest in alchemy. An analysis of literary prose at the turn of the 20th century related to zinc and lead metallurgy shows that lead did not occur in the context of mining, chemistry, and medicine until the 19th century. On the basis of studies of the press, historical literature, and contemporary reportage, the article shows the toxic nature of lead and its harmful effect on people and the environment, about which artists and authors try to warn the public at the turn of the 21st century. The article shows that the parallel between melancholia and saturnism is a well-documented phenomenon.
Ołowiane żołnierzyki, cynkowe trumny. Swietłany Aleksijewicz opowieść o wojnie w Afganistanie i granice świadectwa
Authors: Artwińska Anna 
Published: June 2021

The novel Zinky Boys (1989; Polish editions in 2007 and 2015) by Belarusian author Svetlana Alexievich is more than just a story of the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan (1979–1989) told from the perspective of the soldiers who participated in it. It also confronts readers with the contractual nature of the line that separates “artistic” and “documentary” prose and probes the complexities of the discourse on memory in Russian culture. This article discusses the key motifs of Zinky Boys: “zinc coffins” and “lead soldiers”. It also examines and ponders the reasons for the lawsuit against the author for the publication of passages from the novel. Drawing on Michael Rothberg, Anna Artwińska argues that, in order to be able to understand the drama of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, one needs to assume the position of an “implicated subject”, i.e., of a person who understands the need for shared ethical responsibility for traumatic past events, even though they neither participated in those events nor witnessed them.
Czy na Śląsku doszło do ludobójstwa ekologicznego?
Authors: Nijakowski Lech M. 
Published: June 2021

The essay answers the question of whether ecocide occurred in the region of Upper Silesia. The paper includes a brief discussion on the concept of ecocide. The paper presents two cases of ecocide – one in West Papua and the other in Darfur. The prognosis of climate genocide in the future is also presented. The text argues that there was no intentional ecocide of Silesians in Upper Silesia, although ecological discrimination against them was observed.
Tanggung Gugat terhadap Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan atas Tanah Beserta Benda yang Akan Ada Berupa Gedung
Authors: Widjaja Angela Melani , Widyantoro Vincentius Gegap , Larasati Elsa Indira , Irianti Lavenia Nadya , Maharani Raden Ajeng Cendikia Aurelie 
Published: June 2021

Dalam lembaga jaminan dikenal bermacam-macam, salah satunya Hak Tanggungan, yang mengatur terkait jaminan hak atas tanah beserta benda-benda yang berkaitan dengan tanah. Pembahasan yang menarik mengenai jaminan ini berkaitan dengan hak atas tanah beserta benda yang ada di atas tanah yang hendak dijadikan sebagai objek jaminan Hak Tanggungan namun benda tersebut keberadaan masih akan ada di kemudian hari. Memang dalam Pasal 4 ayat (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan Atas Tanah Beserta Benda-Benda Yang Berkaitan Dengan Tanah (disebut UUHT) diatur berkaitan dengan adanya kepemilikan yang berbeda antara pemegang hak atas tanah dengan pemilik benda-benda yang berada diatas tanah tersebut, namun ketika terjadi persengketaan antara kepemilikan yang berbeda ini akan membawa problematika pihak-pihak yang hendak bertanggung gugat dan berkaitan dengan perlindungan hukum terhadap pihak yang merasa dirugikan atas persengketaan ini. Berdasarkan atas perjanjian yang telah dibuat oleh pemegang hak atas tanah dengan pemilik benda yang berada di atas tanah tersebut, salah satu pihak tidak mampu memenuhi kewajibannya sehingga menyebabkan kerugian bagi pihak lainnya. Oleh karena itu pihak yang melakukan wanprestasi harus bertanggung gugat atas kesalahan yang telah merugikan pihak lain.
Makna Itikad Baik sebagai Landasan Hak Kepemilikan Pembeli: Wujud Standar Tindakan dalam Menentukan Kejujuran Pembeli
Authors: Faisal Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan makna sebenarnya dari itikad baik sehingga ia dapat digunakan sebagai landasan kepemilikan bagi pembeli, terlebih lagi ketika pembeli ternyata membeli dari pihak yang tidak berhak mengalihkan benda. Masalah difokuskan pada pemaknaan ulang definisi itikad baik serta penentuan wujud standar tindakan pembeli beritikad baik yang dicerminkan melalui nilai etis kejujuran. Kejujuran pembeli dibuktikan dengan ketidaktahuan pembeli akan cacat cela benda, namun dewasa ini ketidaktahuan tidak cukup dengan pengetahuan aktual (actual notice) pembeli saja tetapi juga harus mempertimbangkan pengetahuan-pengetahuan yang diwajibkan oleh hakim (constructive notice). Guna mendekati masalah ini dipergunakan acuan teori etis dari Immanuel Kant yang akan memperlihatkan bahwa itikad baik adalah nilai tertinggi dalam kepemilikan yang menaungi baik prinsip perlindungan pemilik asli maupun perlindungan pembeli. Penentuan prioritas kepemilikan diantara mereka kemudian ditentukan oleh hakim melalui penerapan constructive notice. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, data-data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa wujud sebenarnya standar tindakan itikad baik yang dikonstruksi oleh hakim adalah tindakan-tindakan kehati-hatian yang dilakukan oleh pembeli. Pada akhirnya beritikad baik atau tidaknya seorang pembeli ditentukan berdasarkan tindakan pencegahan yang memadai yang dilakukannya sebagai bentuk kewajiban berhati-hatinya.
Commemoration, Veneration, and Inspiration: Constituting the Terry Fox Public
Authors: Foster Derek S. 
Published: June 2021

There are few figures in Canada as widely known and loved and remembered as Terry Fox. This article highlights how this contemporary sensibility has been constituted by examining the rhetorical “stickiness” of Terry Fox in public memory as spearheaded by the Terry Fox Foundation. I consciously avoid analysis of Terry Fox monuments and the enfranchisement of Terry Fox within museums. Rather than interrogate these material sites associated with Terry Fox, I seek to understand how more intangible Terry Fox commemoration and ritualized acts operate within popular and public culture as affective practices, mediating forms of national and post-national civic identity. My focus is on Terry Fox Runs and the promotional culture and texts surrounding them. I approach these cultural forms and practices through a lens of rhetorical criticism. The public memory of Terry Fox acts as a medium of connection with a certain time and place but, crucially, does not create an affective bond to the past as much as encourage an attachment with fellow Terry Foxers, civically, somatically, emotionally, and symbolically imbuing individuals with a feeling of purpose by being inspired by Terry Fox’s actions in the past.
The influence of classicism on urban planning in West Siberia
Authors: Gerasimov A. P. , Korzh M. I. 
Published: June 2021

The of direction and style terms are of great importance in architecture and art history. The same names may have sometimes a completely different meaning. Classicism as one of the main trends in world architecture and art is now quite freely interpreted by different authors, which results in inaccurate definitions of architectural style of an object and the time of its construction. All this creates certain difficulties in studying not only historical buildings, but also their restoration or reconstruction.The article raises several questions related to the direction style. The first is the origins of the style that spread throughout Europe and Russia since the mid of the 17th century and continues today. Both classicism and its architectural styles require clarification and understanding. The second issue concerns the architecture and development of Siberian cities. The third question describes the influence of classicism on urban planning in West Siberia.
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy with diffuse white matter changes mimicking gliomatosis cerebri: illustrative case
Authors: Saruta Wakiko , Shibahara Ichiyo , Handa Hajime , Inukai Madoka , Kanayama Shunsuke , Yasumoto Ryoma , Sakurai Keizo , Akiyama Hisanao , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Sato Sumito , Hide Takuichiro , Kumabe Toshihiro 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUIND
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease characterized by bilateral severe subacute central vision loss and a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging of patients with LHON vary from subtle to multiple white matter changes. However, they rarely present with diffuse infiltrative white matter changes.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported a case with diffuse white matter changes mimicking gliomatosis cerebri (GC). The histological findings included only mild glial hyperplasia without immunohistochemical positivity, supporting the diagnosis of glial tumors. Analysis of mtDNA obtained from the blood and brain tissue revealed mutation of m.11778G>A in the NADH dehydrogenase 4 gene, which confirmed the case as LHON. Immunohistochemistry of the brain tissue revealed 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine positivity, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress.

LESSONS
LHON is extremely difficult to diagnose unless one suspects or knows the disease. The present case brings attention not only to LHON but also to other mtDNA-mutated diseases that need to be considered with diffuse white matter changes or GC.
Surgical treatment of common peroneal neuropathy in schwannomatosis: illustrative cases
Authors: North Robert Y. , Snyder Rita , Slopis John M. , McCutcheon Ian E. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Neurofibromatosis syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis often result in painful symptoms related to tumor burden.

OBSERVATIONS
Painful symptoms classically associated with common points of peripheral nerve entrapment, such as common peroneal neuropathy at the fibular tunnel, may present in patients both with and without focal tumor involvement.

LESSONS
Surgical decompression at the point of entrapment, with or without resection of tumor, may provide symptomatic relief. Examples of surgical decompression at the point of entrapment, both with and without resection of tumor, are presented.
Management of brain metastasis from eccrine porocarcinoma: illustrative case
Authors: Noda Ryuichi , Inoue Tomohiro , Tsunoda Sho , Segawa Masafumi , Masuda Yoshio , Morikawa Teppei , Akabane Atsuya 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Eccrine porocarcinoma (EP) is a rare malignant skin neoplasm, and there are still many unknowns regarding its natural history and treatment. Due to its scarcity, associated brain metastasis is a far rarer condition.

OBSERVATIONS
A 71-year-old-woman with a history of EP was diagnosed with brain metastasis. In her clinical course, the patient underwent tumor removal surgery twice and Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) four times. The tumor showed a good response to radiotherapy. The histopathological findings of the brain tumor were consistent with those of the primary skin tumor.

LESSONS
There are only a few case reports referring to the detailed treatment, especially with GKRS, of brain metastasis from EP. Few reports have presented a detailed histopathological comparison between the primary skin lesion and the metastatic brain lesion. Herein, the authors have described the clinical course, histological features, and results of multidisciplinary treatment for brain metastasis of EP.