bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speckle Tracking Stress Echocardiography on Treadmill in Assessment of the Functional Significance of the Degree of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Stepanova A. I. , Radova N. F. , Alekhin M. N. 
Published: April 2021

Aim To determine diagnostic capabilities of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSS) in stress echocardiography (stress-EchoCG) with a treadmill test for diagnosing the functional significance of the degree of coronary stenosis.Material and methods The study included 121 patients (73 men aged 68.3±7.7 years) with suspected or previously diagnosed ischemic heart disease (IHD). Speckle-tracking stress-EchCG (method of tracking speckles on two-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonic images) with a treadmill test and coronarography was performed for all patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of coronary artery (CA) stenosis according to the Gensini scale.Results LV GLSS at rest did not significantly differ between the study groups. After the exercise, LV GLSS was significantly lower in patients with pronounced CA stenosis than in patients without or with moderate CA stenosis (15.9±4.6 %vs. 20.6±3.7 % (p<0.001) and 19.6±3.0 % (p=0.003), respectively). Postexercise LV GLSS <16.9% suggested a pronounced CA stenosis with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70% (area under the curve, AUC, 0.76±0.06 at 95 % confidence interval, CI, 0.63–0.89; р<0.001). In the patient group without CA stenosis, LV GLSS showed a significant increase after completion of the exercise (from 19.1±3.1 to 20.6±3.7; p=0.04).Conclusion Evaluation of LV GLSS and its dynamics in stress-EchoCG with a treadmill test may be promising in patients with IHD, since in most patients with pronounced CA stenosis, LV GLSS is reduced at baseline and further reduces in response to exercise. In patients without CA stenosis, LV GLSS increases after completing the exercise.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Individuals of Different Categories of Cardiovascular Risk Using the Aterostop Calculator
Authors: Zubareva M. Y. , Malyshev P. P. , Ansheles A. A. , Sergienko I. V. 
Published: April 2021

Aim To analyze first results of using the Aterostop calculator for a comprehensive evaluation of the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Material and methods A cross-sectional study analyzed major and additional risk factors in 460 subjects without apparent disease and in patients with documented CVD of atherosclerotic origin using the application (calculator) Aterostop developed in the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology in Moscow, Russia.Results 45.4% of evaluated persons belonged to the categories of very high and extreme risk. Age and frequencies of smoking, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) increased with the increase in risk; the growth of DM was exponential. 129 (28%) individuals used lipid-lowering medications at the time of study. Their plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower than in those who did not received this treatment. However, achieving the target level was inversely proportional to the risk: the greatest proportion of individuals who reached the LDL-C target was in the category of low risk and the smallest proportion was in the category of extreme risk (75 %vs. 3.7 %, respectively).Conclusion The results obtained with the calculator Aterostop were consistent with earlier reports of insufficient effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CVDs, which requires more tight and fruitful cooperation of the physician and the patient.
Zasada kontradyktoryjności w małżeńskim procesie skróconym przed biskupem
Authors: Łukasik Aleksandra 
Published: April 2021

Małżeński proces skrócony przed biskupem jest nową formą procesu o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa. Prowadzony może być w sytuacji, kiedy żądanie jego rozpoczęcia zgłoszone zostanie przez obydwoje małżonków lub przez jednego z nich za zgodą drugiego oraz przytoczone będą okoliczności dotyczące faktów lub osób poparte zeznaniami lub dokumentami, które nie wymagają przeprowadzenia dokładniejszego badania albo dochodzenia, a w sposób oczywisty wskazują na nieważność zaskarżanego małżeństwa. Należy jednak podkreślić, że dojście do prawdy o ważności zawartego małżeństwa możliwe jest tylko przy zachowywaniu od samego początku regulujących takie postępowanie sądowe norm prawnych oraz zasad procesowych.
Jedną z podstawowych zasad jest zaś zasada kontradyktoryjności. Odnosi się ona do stron procesowych i zakłada istnienie dwóch sprzecznych ze sobą tez. W kontekście procesu skróconego ma zaś miejsce przeciwstawność tego, co twierdzą strony na temat nieważności zawartego przez nie związku i tego, na jakim stanowisku stoi Kościół, broniąc ważności małżeństwa w osobie obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego występującego w procesie.
Przepisy austriackiego prawa kościelnego w sprawach zakonnych od czasów cesarzowej Marii Teresy do konkordatu z 1855 roku
Authors: Kantor Robert 
Published: April 2021

Jednym z dążeń józefinizmu było utworzenie autonomicznego Kościoła narodowego, połączonego z Rzymem. W realizację tego zadania wpisywał się nurt „antyzakonny” w polityce kościelnej Austrii. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ustawodawstwa austriackiego (w omawianym okresie) dotyczącego kwestii zakonnych. Należy pamiętać, że są to przepisy wydane przez panujących cesarzy, a nie instrukcje, komentarze, zalecenia wydawane przez Gubernium we Lwowie. Na szczególną uwagę zasługują przepisy Marii Teresy oraz Józefa II. Pierwsza podkreślała nie tylko suwerenność państwa wobec Kościoła, ale także nadrzędność i prawo kontroli w sprawach, które powinny być domeną władzy cywilnej. Interesom państwa miały być podporządkowane wszystkie dziedziny życia i instytucje, włączając w to również zakony. Z kolei Józef II swoją reformą objął całą dziedzinę życia zakonnego, także tę wewnętrzną, gdzie posuwał się do regulowania zbyt drobiazgowych kwestii. W swoich przepisach chciał odseparować zakony od wpływu kurii rzymskiej, a oddać je pod władzę biskupów krajowych, na których rząd mógł wywierać większy wpływ.
The Doctoral Scholarship at the Doctoral School in the Republic of Poland as a Way to Ensure a Decent Support for a Clergy Doctoral Student
Authors: Lewandowski Paweł 
Published: April 2021

Stypendium doktoranckie w szkole doktorskiej w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej jako sposób zabezpieczenia godziwego utrzymania duchownemu doktorantowi
Kierowanie duchownych na studia specjalistyczne, w kraju lub za granicę, wiąże się z koniecznością zapewnienia księdzu studentowi odpowiednich środków finansowych, zabezpieczających pokrycie opłat na uczelni, za zakwaterowanie, wyżywienie, ubezpieczenie społeczne, dających możliwość nabywania pomocy naukowych. Jeśli w tym celu biskupowi diecezjalnemu nie uda się pozyskać stypendium zewnętrznego, finansowanie studiów obciąża budżet diecezji, nierzadko w sposób znaczący.
Reforma szkolnictwa wyższego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, dokonana ustawą z dnia 20 lipca 2018 r. Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce, w zakresie studiów doktoranckich wprowadziła szkoły doktorskie, w których doktoranci otrzymują stypendium doktoranckie. Przysługuje ono również duchownym doktorantom przez cały okres kształcenia w szkole doktorskiej, maksymalnie przez cztery lata. Miesięczne stypendium wynosi co najmniej: 2371,70 PLN do miesiąca, w którym została przeprowadzona ocena śródokresowa i 3653,70 PLN po miesiącu, w którym została przeprowadzona ocena śródokresowa. Ponadto wysokość stypendium może zostać uzależniona od dodatkowych faktorów, m.in. od osiągnięć duchownego doktoranta. Stypendium doktoranckie w szkole doktorskiej znacząco przyczynia się zatem do zapewnienia duchownemu doktorantowi godziwego utrzymania. Stanowi także istotne odciążenie budżetu diecezji.
Pojęcie dobra jako wyznacznik wartościowania przepisów prawa powszechnego
Authors: Słapczyński Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Jest rzeczą właściwie oczywistą, iż prawo realizuje wartości społecznie doniosłe. Opiera się ono na wartościach filozoficznych Europy, w tym wartościach chrześcijańskich. Artykuł analizuje pojęcie dobra i wartości nim wytyczanych wypracowanych w doktrynie prawa i prawa kanonicznego. Należy podkreślić, iż przyjęto wartościującą klasyfikację „dobra”, właściwą dla subiektywizmu aksjologicznego. Nie wyklucza to jednak możliwości ujęcia tego samego „dobra” w sposób obiektywny, zgodnie z zasadami filozofii klasycznej, jednak klasyczne ujęcie dobra jest i było już przedmiotem wielu bardzo istotnych opracowań.
Artykuł podejmuje próbę klasyfikacji doktrynalnej oraz omówienie istoty pojęcia dobra jako wartości aksjologicznej dla polskiego porządku prawnego – wartości mającej wpływ na kształtowanie i stosowanie prawa.
Educación ambiental desde culturas y territorios en conflictos socioambientales en América Latina
Authors: Kato Danilo Seithi , Pedraza Jiménez Yamile 
Published: April 2021

Vivimos un momento histórico que marcará profundamente a la sociedad. En el mismo momento en que escribimos esta editorial para el volumen 12 de la revista Praxis & Saber, tenemos la asombrosa cantidad de 2 236 454 seres humanos muertos por causa de la pandemia generada por el SARS-Cov-2 —covid-19—. Solo en Brasil y Colombia, donde escriben los editores invitados de esta edición, se registran 280 885 muertes, casi dos mil muertes por día en ambos países. Son vidas perdidas que superan las tasas de mortalidad de las grandes guerras en la historia de la humanidad. Confinados o no, desde nuestros dispositivos electrónicos, nos actualizamos a un ritmo acelerado y quedamos incrédulos ante la pérdida de amigos, familiares y líderes locales tradicionales. Fatalmente, cuando se publique este texto, estos números ya serán considerablemente más altos.En muchos estados hay un colapso del sistema de salud y la previsión de camas de UCI se ha vuelto cada vez más escasa.
Two months of protein–rich dietary recommendations for older patients at risk of malnutrition improves nutritional status, and decreases body fat percentage
Authors: SAVAŞ Sumru , SARAÇ Zeliha Fulden , ÖZDENER Aynur , YILMAZ Merve , AKÇİÇEK Selahattin Fehmi 
Published: April 2021

Aim: It is aimed to evaluate the impact of protein – rich dietary (PRD) recommendations on the body composition of older patients at malnutrition risk (MR) in this study.
Materials and Methods: Patients ≥65 years of age, without cognitive problems, diabetes, renal diseases, admitted to Internal Medicine Nutrition Outpatient Clinic consecutively were screened, and 30 patients in normal nutritional status (NS), 30 patients at MR were planned to be enrolled. Body compositions, NS, and anthropometric measurements were performed. Patients at MR were trained for PRD recommendations. Evaluations were repeated in both groups after two months.

Results: Sixty older patients were enrolled (mean age 72.5 ± 6.2; Female / Male: %63.3 / %36.7). After two months; in the group at MR (n = 30); there was a significant decrease in mean body fat ratio (P = 0.036), increase in body water ratio and Mini Nutritional Assessmnet – Short Form (MNA-SF)
score (P = 0.020 and P < 0.001). Mean body weight (BW) , body mass index (BMI), waist – hip circumference, fat mass, fat free mass (FFM) and calf circumference were similar. In the normal NS group (n = 30) mean BW, waist – hip circumference, fat mass, FFM, calf circumference values
significantly decreased (P = 0.001, P = 0.021, P = 0.016, P = 0.025, P = 0.002, P = 0.017, respectively), and BMI, fat ratio, body water and MNA – SF scores were similar.

Conclusion: In the group at MR, PRD recommendations improved NS, and fat ratio decreased. In patients given general nutritional recommendations with normal NS; BW, waist – hip circumference, fat mass, FFM, and calf circumference decreased. PRD recommendations should be given for the care of appropriate older patients.
Sarcopenia prevalence and the quality of life in older adults: A study from Turkey’s east
Authors: EFE Mehmet , SARAÇ Zeliha Fulden , SAVAŞ Sumru , KILAVUZ Aslı , AKÇİÇEK Selahattin Fehmi 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome decreases quality of life and increases functional dependency, hospitalization and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling people aged 65 years and older in Muş province and to examine its effects on quality of life.

Materials and Methods: In this study we have interviewed 371 community-dwelling older adults. A total of 186 older adults from the rural area and 185 older adults from Muş city center were enrolled in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews conducted in the participants’ homes by trained researchers. The presence of sarcopenia, socio-demographic characteristics (place of residence, gender, age), presence of chronic diseases, polypharmacy, body mass index, and quality of life with Short Form-36 were determined. Muscle mass, handgrip strength and gait speed were determined for defining sarcopenia.

Results: The mean age of participants was 72.3 ± 6.8 years (65-100) and 46.1% of them were females. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.8% among older people residing in the rural area whereas the prevalence was 21.6% among older individuals living in the city center (p = 0.012).
Sarcopenic patients were older, more underweight, hypertensive, and had lower calf circumference, gait speed, and grip strength in males than non-sarcopenic patients (p
Splenic infarction as a rare cause of abdominal pain in older adults: A case report
Authors: DAYLAN Ayşe , ŞAHİN Sevnaz , AKÇİÇEK Selahattin Fehmi 
Published: April 2021

Spontaneous splenic infarction has been rarely reported within aged population. The diagnosis of the condition is based on clinical findings and splenic imaging. In recent years, ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan have gained in popularity for the diagnosis of splenic infarction. Most reported cases are focal infarctions, and treatment is mostly conservative. We described the case of a 82-year-old female with cured breast cancer, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension who had left upper quadrant pain within 15 days. Physical examination on admission revealed a palpable splenomegaly. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed many subcapsular infarct zones of the spleen measuring 16 cm in length and 4.5 cm conglomerate lymphadenopathies within periportal region. Doppler ultrasound revealed wedge-shaped heterogeneous hypoechoic avascular areas and lymphadenopathies. After laboratory tests, the underlying cause was found as marginal zone
lymphoma. The patient was treated with conservative management and chemotherapy was planned for specific cause. Splenic infarction must be kept in mind for older patients with underlying comorbidities presenting with acute left upper quadrant pain.
Paradocsis’ of clinical thinking (continuation of the discussion started in Tomsk by Osipov I.N., Kopnin P.V. in 50<sup>th</sup> of the 20<sup>th</sup> century)
Authors: Kaznacheev V. P. 
Published: April 2021

Considering the necessity to study the problems of propaedeutics of clinical medicine, besides the well-know syndromes by which the clinical diagnosis is formed, there are nosological syndromes of tiredness in which the changes of inner and outer environment are taken into account:1) non-liminal outer ecology,2) endoecological syndrom of tiredness,3) coagulopathy,4) syndrom of custom.Diagnostics of these syndromes makes it possible to form a new clinical diagnosis taking into account the changes of inner and outer environment which lead to genetic default and endoecology phenomenon.
The outcomes of concomitant craniocerebral and skeletal injuries in Tashkent
Authors: Turapov A. А. , Rabinovich S. S. , Mahkamov K. E. , Burnashev M. E. , Valiyev E. Yu. , Musayev T. S. 
Published: April 2021

The outcomes of concomitant craniocerebral and skeletal injuries (CCCSI) in 834 patients in the large industrial city of Tashkent during 2001—2004 are analyzed in this research. The best functional recovery rates were recorded in group IV. The complete loss of work ability number amounts 4,7% from total survived patients. The severe skeleton injuries forms the biggest II group of patients. Death from craniocerebral injuries occurred in 16,1% of patients.Death rates increased by 9,7% times during four years of the research. Annual rate of increase of craniocerebral injuries was 4,9%. The prevalent parts of population were young (21—40 years) and middle-aged (41—60 years) persons, men — 77%. The highest death outcomes occurrence was in III group and severe skeleton injuries. Predominate cause of death — is severe skeleton injuries, lead to bleeding, DIС-syndrome, all kinds shock and severe craniocerebral injuries (SCCI) lead to brain edema and dislocation.
Phase reconfiguration of multivalent nickel sulfides in hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Yu , Wu Jing , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Suicai , Wang Xin , Liu Baishan , Zhao Yunqi , Xie Yong , Ma Kaikai , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deciphering the dynamic evolution of catalysts’ atomic and electronic structure in operating conditions is pivotal for unraveling the activity origin and improving catalyst design. Earth-abundant transition metal catalysts have shown efficient catalytic efficiency and are attractive due to sustainable and economic considerations. However, the dynamic evolution process during their whole service time remains elusive, which is greatly complicated by the multiple component and valence states as well as the structural complexity of materials. Here in this work, we investigated the atomic-scale evolution of multivalent nickel-based sulfides (from NiS2 to α-NiS, β-NiS and Ni3S4) as model catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), via operando Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies corroborated by theoretical calculations. Dynamic reconstruction propagating from surface to bulk, mediated by sulphur vacancy, has been demonstrated for these materials, all with the terminated Ni3S2 phase on catalyst surface being responsible for subsequent catalysis. Partial Fe substitution prompts such reconfiguration process and hence improves HER performance, which establishes the dynamic working mechanism of widely-adopted doping strategy. We unprecedentedly reveal the dynamic reconstruction with lower valence state tendency of transition metals in the catalytically terminated phase during HER, and the life-time dynamic correlation between structure and activity, providing insights into future catalyst design.
Machine learning discovery of missing links that mediate alternative branches to plant alkaloids
Authors: Vavricka Christopher , Takahashi Shunsuke , Watanabe Naoki , Takenaka Musashi , Matsuda Mami , Yoshida Takanobu , Kiyota Hiromasa , Minami Hiromichi , Ishii Jun , Tsuge Kenji , Araki Michihiro , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Engineering the microbial production of secondary metabolites is limited by the known reactions of correctly annotated enzymes in sequence databases. To expand the range of biosynthesis pathways, machine learning is herein demonstrated for the discovery of missing link enzymes, using benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production as a model application with potential to revolutionize the paradigm of sustainable biomanufacturing. Bacterial studies utilize a tetrahydropapaveroline pathway, whereas plants are reported to contain a more stable norcoclaurine pathway, which is exploited in yeast. However, committed aromatic precursors are currently produced by microbial enzymes that remain elusive in plants, and additional downstream missing links are hidden within highly-duplicated plant gene families. Accordingly, the machine learning enzyme selection algorithm is first applied to predict the missing links from diverse candidate sequences. Metabolomics-based characterization of selected sequences reveals distinct oxidases and carboxy-lyases in reconstructed plant gene-only benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways from tyrosine. Synergistic application of aryl acetaldehyde producing enzymes results in enhanced production through hybrid norcoclaurine and tetrahydropapaveroline pathways. Transplantation of features into homologous enzyme templates leads to the highest levels of bacterial norcoclaurine and N-methylcoclaurine. Mechanism-directed isotope tracing patterns confirm alternative flux branches from aromatic precursors to alkaloids. This machine learning-driven workflow can be adapted to numerous pathways.
Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Regassa Ilili Feyesa , Endris Bilal S , Habtemariam Esete , Hassen Hamid Y , Ghebreyesus Seifu H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: A total of 105 adults, of which 43 (41%) were men and 62 (59%) women aged 20-65 years participated in this study. To evaluate the validity of FFQ against two 24-HRs, we used a paired t-test and Wilcoxon- signed rank test to compare mean and median daily nutrient and food intakes obtained from the averages of the two 24-HRs and the FFQ, correlation coefficients to measure the strength and direction of the correlation, Cross-classification and kappa to assess classification agreement and Bland-Altman analysis for assessing limits of agreement between the two methods.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the crude correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients, it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from to 0.10 (total fat) to 0.80 (vitamin A) Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and FFQ. Crude correlation for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from 0.24 (egg) to 0.10 (Meat/Poultry/Fish). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intakes. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. Individual level validity was acceptable for energy and most nutrients as indicated by de-attenuated correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. However, group level validity was poor for most nutrients.