bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance rate in cattle and sheep between genotypes differing in Illumina GenCall quality score
Authors: Berry D. P. , Dunne F. L. , Evans R. D. , McDermott K. , O'Brien A. C. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryProper quality control of data prior to downstream analyses is fundamental to ensure integrity of results; quality control of genomic data is no exception. While many metrics of quality control of genomic data exist, the objective of the present study was to quantify the genotype and allele concordance rate between called single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes differing in GenCall (GC) score; the GC score is a confidence measure assigned to each Illumina genotype call. This objective was achieved using Illumina beadchip genotype data from 771 cattle (12 428 767 genotypes in total post‐editing) and 80 sheep (1 557 360 SNPs genotypes in total post‐editing) each genotyped in duplicate. The called genotype with the lowest associated GC score was compared to the genotype called for the same SNP in the same duplicated animal sample but with a GC score of >0.90 (assumed to represent the true genotype). The mean genotype concordance rate for a GC score of <0.300, 0.300–0.549, and ≥0.550 in the cattle (sheep in parenthesis) was 0.9467 (0.9864), 0.9707 (0.9953), and 0.9994 (0.99997) respectively; the respective allele concordance rate was 0.9730 (0.9930), 0.9849 (0.9976), and 0.9997 (0.99998). Hence, concordance eroded as the GC score of the called genotype reduced, albeit the impact was not dramatic and was not very noticeable until a GC score of <0.55. Moreover, the impact was greater and more consistent in the cattle population than in the sheep population. Furthermore, an impact of GC score on genotype concordance rate existed even for the same SNP GenTrain value; the GenTrain value is a statistical score that depicts the shape of the genotype clusters and the relative distance between the called genotype clusters.
Children favor punishment over restoration
Authors: McAuliffe Katherine , Dunham Yarrow 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhy do people punish selfish behavior? Are they motivated to punish perpetrators of selfishness (retribution) or to compensate the victims of selfishness (restoration)? Developmental data can provide important insight into these questions by revealing whether punishment of selfishness is more retributive or restorative when it first emerges. Across two studies, we examined costly third‐party intervention in 6‐ to 9‐year‐olds. In Study 1, children learned about a selfish actor who refused to share with a recipient. Children then chose to (1) punish the selfish actor by rejecting their payoff (retribution); (2) compensate the victim of selfishness by equalizing payoffs between the perpetrator and victim (restoration); or (3) do nothing. We found that children were more likely to punish than compensate in response to selfishness, suggesting that intervention in this context is more retributive than restorative. In Study 2, we tested third‐party intervention in the face of generosity which, like selfishness, can lead to unequal outcomes. As in Study 1, children in this context could reject unequal payoffs, thereby depriving the recipient of the advantageous payoff but having no effect on the actor. Children could also use compensation in this context, equalizing the payoffs between actor and recipient. We found that children did not punish inequality that stemmed from generosity, suggesting that the retributive punishment in Study 1 was specifically targeting selfishness rather than inequality more generally. These results contribute to the debate on the function of third‐party punishment in humans, suggesting that retributive motives toward selfish transgressors are privileged during ontogeny.
Mozart effect in epilepsy: Why is Mozart better than Haydn? Acoustic qualities‐based analysis of stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Štillová Klára , Kiska Tomáš , Koriťáková Eva , Strýček Ondřej , Mekyska Jiří , Chrastina Jan , Rektor Ivan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeWe aimed to confirm the Mozart effect in epileptic patients using intracerebral electroencephalography recordings and the hypothesis that the reduction of epileptiform discharges (EDs) can be explained by the music's acoustic properties.MethodsEighteen epilepsy surgery candidates were implanted with depth electrodes in the temporal medial and lateral cortex. Patients listened to the first movement of Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos K. 448 and to the first movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 94. Musical features from each composition with respect to rhythm, melody, and harmony were analyzed.ResultsEpileptiform discharges in intracerebral electroencephalography were reduced by Mozart's music. Listening to Haydn's music led to reduced EDs only in women; in men, the EDs increased. The acoustic analysis revealed that nondissonant music with a harmonic spectrum and decreasing tempo with significant high‐frequency parts has a reducing effect on EDs in men. To reduce EDs in women, the music should additionally be gradually less dynamic in terms of loudness. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that these acoustic characteristics are more dominant in Mozart's music than in Haydn's music.ConclusionsWe confirmed the reduction of intracerebral EDs while listening to classical music. An analysis of the musical features revealed that the acoustic characteristics of music are responsible for suppressing brain epileptic activity. Based on our study, we suggest studying the use of musical pieces with well‐defined acoustic properties as an alternative noninvasive method to reduce epileptic activity in patients with epilepsy.
Human epithelial stem cell survival within their niche requires “tonic” cannabinoid receptor 1‐signalling—Lessons from the hair follicle
Authors: Sugawara Koji , Zákány Nóra , Tiede Stephan , Purba Talveen , Harries Matthew , Tsuruta Daisuke , Bíró Tamás , Paus Ralf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates multiple aspects of human epithelial physiology, including inhibition/stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. Yet, how the ECS impacts on human adult epithelial stem cell (eSC) functions remains unknown. Scalp hair follicles (HFs) offer a clinically relevant, prototypic model system for studying this directly within the native human stem cell niche. Here, we show in organ‐cultured human HFs that, unexpectedly, selective activation of cannabinoid receptor‐1 (CB1)‐mediated signalling via the MAPK (MEK/Erk 1/2) and Akt pathways significantly increases the number and proliferation of cytokeratin CK15+ or CK19+ human HF bulge eSCs in situ, and enhances CK15 promoter activity in situ. In striking contrast, CB1‐stimulation promotes apoptosis in the differentiated progeny of these eSCs (CK6+ HF keratinocytes). Instead, intrafollicular CB1 gene knockdown or CB1 antagonist treatment significantly reduces human HF eSCs numbers and stimulates their apoptosis, while CB1 knockout mice exhibit a reduced bulge eSCs pool in vivo. This identifies “tonic” CB1 signalling as a required survival stimulus for adult human HF eSCs within their niche. This novel concept must be taken into account whenever the human ECS is targeted therapeutically.
An experimental comparison of metaheuristic frameworks for multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Ramírez Aurora , Barbudo Rafael , Romero José Raúl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMulti‐objective optimization problems frequently appear in many diverse research areas and application domains. Metaheuristics, as efficient techniques to solve them, need to be easily accessible to users with different expertise and programming skills. In this context, metaheuristic optimization frameworks are helpful, as they provide popular algorithms, customizable components and additional facilities to conduct experiments. Due to the broad range of available tools, this paper presents a systematic evaluation and experimental comparison of 10 frameworks, covering from multi‐purpose, consolidated tools to recent libraries specifically designed for multi‐objective optimization. The evaluation is organized around seven characteristics: search components and techniques, configuration, execution, utilities, external support and community, software implementation and performance. An analysis of code metrics and a series of experiments serves to assess the last two features. Lesson learned and open issues are also discussed as part of the comparative study. The outcomes of the evaluation process reveal a contrasted support to recent advances in multi‐objective optimization, with a lack of novel algorithms and variety of metaheuristics other than evolutionary algorithms. The experimental comparison also reports significant differences in terms of both execution time and memory usage under demanding configurations.
LCDM medium supports the derivation of bovine extended pluripotent stem cells with embryonic and extraembryonic potency in bovine–mouse chimeras from iPSCs and bovine fetal fibroblasts
Authors: Xiang Jinzhu , Wang Hanning , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Liu Fang , Han Xuejie , Lu Zhenyu , Li Chen , Li Zihong , Gao Yanru , Tian Yujing , Wang Yingjie , Li Xueling 
Published: February 2021

Cattle have emerged as one of the most important domestic animals widely used for meat, milk, and fur. Derivation of bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be applied in drug selecting and human disease modeling and facilitated agriculture‐related applications such as production of genetically excellent cattle by gene editing. Extended PSCs (EPSCs), capable of differentiating into embryonic and extraembryonic parts, have been generated in mouse, human, and pig. Whether bovine EPSCs could be generated, and their chimeric competency remains unclear. This study focused on derivation of bovine EPSCs using LCDM medium and exploring the characteristics of EPSCs among different species, including bovine, mouse, and human EPSCs. Here, using LCDM medium (consisting of hLIF, CHIR99021, (S)‐(+)‐dimethindene maleate, and minocycline hydrochloride) enables the derivation of bovine EPSCs from induced PSCs (iPSCs) and bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF) with stable morphology, pluripotent marker expression, and in vitro differentiation ability. Notably, bovine EPSCs exhibited interspecies chimeric contribution to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in pre‐implantation blastocysts and postimplantation bovine–mouse chimeras. Transcriptome analysis revealed the unique molecular characteristics of bovine EPSCs compared with iPSCs. The similarities and differences in molecular features across bovine, human, and mouse EPSCs were also described by transcriptome analysis. Taken together, the LCDM culture system containing chemical cocktails can be used for the establishment and long‐term passaging of bovine EPSCs with embryonic and extraembryonic potency in bovine–mouse chimeras. Our findings lay the foundation of generating PSCs in domestic animals and open avenues for basic and applied research in biology, medicine, and agriculture.DatabaseGene expression data of bovine EPSCs and bovine iPSCs are available in the GEO databases under the accession number PRJNA693452.
Application of a new system for classifying root and canal anatomy in studies involving micro‐computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography: Explanation and elaboration
Authors: Ahmed H. M. A. , Ibrahim N. , Mohamad N. S. , Nambiar P. , Muhammad R. F. , Yusoff M. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdequate knowledge and accurate characterization of root and canal anatomy is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and endodontic surgery. Over the years, an ever‐increasing body of knowledge related to root and canal anatomy of the human dentition has accumulated. To correct deficiencies in existing systems, a new coding system for classifying root and canal morphology, accessory canals and anomalies has been introduced. In recent years, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been used extensively to study the details of root and canal anatomy in extracted teeth and within clinical settings. This review aims to discuss the application of the new coding system in studies using micro‐CT and CBCT, provide a detailed guide for appropriate characterization of root and canal anatomy and to discuss several controversial issues that may appear as potential limitations for proper characterization of roots and canals.
Preparation, mechanical, and leaching properties of CaZrO3 ceramic cores
Authors: Yang Zhigang , Li Kaili , Ma Shiqing , Yu Jianbo , Ren Zhongming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe CaZrO3 ceramic core materials with excellent mechanical and chemical properties were successfully prepared using single‐phase CaZrO3 powders. Effects of particle size ratio and sintering temperature on the mechanical and chemical properties of CaZrO3 ceramic core materials were researched. The chemical property was analyzed by leaching research of core materials in 10 wt% and 20 wt% HNO3 solution at the boiling point. Results showed that the suitable particle size ratio was important for the preparation of CaZrO3 ceramic core materials with excellent comprehensive properties. The addition of fine particles in ceramic core materials promoted the densification process owing to the framework formed by coarser particles and sintering neck formed by fine particles between coarse particles, which was beneficial for further improving their bending strength. When the content of particles with 200 mesh size was 80wt%, the highest bending strength was obtained, 54.38 ± 5.28 MPa. The porosity was 17.45% and the volume density was 3.86 g/cm3. The increasing sintering temperature increased the densification of CaZrO3 ceramic core materials by offering the sintering driving force, further leading to the improvement of bending strength. When the temperature was 1650℃, at the 20% content of particles with 200 mesh size, the highest bending strength of CaZrO3 cores reached 51.01 ± 5.18 MPa. Meanwhile, the porosity was 18.65% and the volume density was 3.83 g/cm3. Additionally, the CaZrO3 samples could be effectively leached in 10 wt% HNO3 solution. Therefore, CaZrO3 materials with good mechanical and leaching properties were believed to be a suitable candidate for ceramic core materials in the investment casting of alloys with high melting point.
Antioxidant edible film based on a carrot pectin‐enriched fraction as an active packaging of a vegan cashew ripened cheese
Authors: Idrovo Encalada Alondra Mariela , De’Nobili Maria Dolores , Ponce Andrea Nora M. , Stortz Carlos Arturo , Fissore Eliana Noemi , Rojas Ana Maria 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAn orange‐coloured carrot pectin‐enriched fraction (CPEF), with 50% uronic acids (42%‐methylated), carrying lipophilic carotenoids and α‐tocopherol, developed homogeneous calcium‐crosslinked films at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% CPEF proportions regarding a commercial pectin. CPEF gave higher relative elongation at break (65% for 50% CPEF film) when compared to 0% CPEF film (26% elongation). FTIR spectra showed a decreased intensity in the C = O group of the esterified carboxylate band as the CPEF content increased. CPEF maintained the orange colour (a* ≈ +37) and partly the carotenes (k ≈ 8.62 × 10−3 d−1) in films, even under 25 °C light storage. Also, CPEF gave water resistance to dissolution (100% CPEF film: 50% solubility), maintaining film integrity after 24 h soaking. Surface wettability decreased (40° contact angle) when CPEF proportion increased. These characteristics made the 100% CPEF film an efficient antioxidant interface that preserved a vegan cashew ripened cheese of high water activity (0.952) for 60 days at 7 °C, as determined through the assay of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS).
Genetic parameters for canalization analysis of morphological traits in the Pura Raza Español horse
Authors: Poyato‐Bonilla Julia , Sánchez‐Guerrero María José , Cervantes Isabel , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Valera Mercedes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMeasurements from 13 different morphological traits of importance in the Pura Raza Español (PRE) horse were used to estimate genetic and environmental parameters following a heteroscedastic model in which data were assigned to stallions. Data sets used ranged from 20,610 (height at withers) to 48,486 measurements (length of shoulder), and the number of animals analysed in the pedigrees varied from 17,662 (height at withers) to 23,962 (dorsal–sternal diameter). Results of heritabilities of the traits varied from 0.09 (width of chest and upper neck line) to 0.30 (muscular development). Further, genetic correlations between traits and their environmental variability were estimated, obtaining values from −0.56 (muscular development) to 0.69 (height at withers). Also, predicted breeding values for the mean and for the environmental variability were obtained for all horses in the pedigrees, providing individual information about not only the expected phenotypic value of their offspring but also the expected heterogeneity among them. Results proved the possibility of improving morphological traits and reducing the heterogeneity of offspring at a time by the selection of animals and levels of systematic effects.
Midwives’ experiences of caring for women’s emotional and mental well‐being during pregnancy
Authors: Fletcher Antoinette , Murphy Margaret , Leahy‐Warren Patricia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore midwives’ experiences of caring for women's emotional and mental well‐being during pregnancy.BackgroundTransitioning to motherhood is a major life event for any woman and while it is a joyful experience for the majority, 15%–25% of women will experience a perinatal mental health problem. Providing psychological support to mothers by midwives is acknowledged internationally. The 2016 Irish National Maternity Strategy identifies midwives as being ideally placed to assess women's emotional needs. The research revealed a paucity of qualitative research from an Irish context in this area; therefore, this study addressed this gap in the literature.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 midwives recruited from the Irish midwifery e‐group. Data were analysed using Burnard (Nurse Educ. Today, 11, 1991, 461) thematic content analysis. Transcripts were coded, and meanings were formulated to reflect significant statements, which were categorised. Categories were then evolved into subthemes, and eventually, three themes were emerged using the COREQ checklist.ResultsThree salient themes emerged from the data are as follows: ‘awareness of Perinatal Mental Health’, ‘discussing emotional well‐being’ and ‘the woman has something to divulge’. The themes convey the midwife's awareness, recognition and perceptions of mental well‐being during pregnancy. How midwives discuss and assess emotional well‐being, the observational skills they use, and what they perceive as the barriers and facilitators to discussing mental well‐being were all identified.ConclusionsMidwives reported an awareness and acceptance that women's emotional health was as important as their physical health. Midwives used every antenatal opportunity to raise awareness about perinatal mental health, whilst also identifying key challenges in getting women to talk.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCare pathways for assessing and identifying Perinatal Mental Health issues should be available in all maternity services. More support for midwives is required to debrief, which would assist them in supporting women's emotional well‐being.
Reported orofacial adverse effects of COVID‐19 vaccines: The knowns and the unknowns
Authors: Cirillo Nicola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdverse events associated with vaccine administration can manifest in the oral cavity and orofacial region. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the orofacial adverse effects of two recently authorised COVID‐19 vaccines, namely BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273.MethodsPublicly available data on BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccines were accessed from the relevant regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, European Union and United Kingdom. Both patient/recipient information and healthcare professional fact sheets for each of these drugs were manually searched to find their orofacial adverse effects.ResultsAdverse events affecting the orofacial region were reported for both vaccines. These were rare and included acute peripheral facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), facial swelling, and swelling of the lips, face or tongue associated with anaphylaxis. There was heterogeneity in the acknowledgement of vaccine‐related adverse events in North America compared with Europe.ConclusionGlobally, there are inconsistencies in the description of adverse effects presenting in the orofacial region of the COVID‐19 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273. We believe that awareness of these orofacial manifestations will improve recognition, management and reporting of vaccine‐related adverse effects.
Myelopathy secondary to an intramedullary arteriovenous malformation in a mature dog
Authors: De Freitas Maria Ines , Housley Daniel , Caine Abby , Fauchon Emilie , Baiker Kerstin , Corbetta Davide , Cherubini Giunio B 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old crossbreed dog was presented for evaluation of a 6‐week history of progressive paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord disclosed multifocal, anomalous, small, vascular structures, distributed throughout the subarachnoid space of the included section of the spinal cord. An additional focal intramedullary lesion was identified extending from T9 to T10 to T12. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of an intramedullary arteriovenous malformation affecting the thoracic spinal cord and leading to diffuse congestion and focal hemorrhages into the affected spinal cord.
Differential responses to two heatwave intensities in a Mediterranean citrus orchard are identified by combining measurements of fluorescence and carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO2 uptake
Authors: Cochavi Amnon , Amer Madi , Stern Rafael , Tatarinov Fyodor , Migliavacca Mirco , Yakir Dan 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The impact of extreme climate episodes such as heatwaves on plants physiological functioning and survival may depend on the event intensity, which requires quantification.

We unraveled the distinct impacts of intense (HW) and intermediate (INT) heatwave days on carbon uptake, and the underlying changes in the photosynthetic system, in a Mediterranean citrus orchard using leaf active (pulse amplitude modulation; PAM) and canopy level passive (sun‐induced; SIF) fluorescence measurements, together with CO2, water vapor, and carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange measurements.

Compared to normal (N) days, gross CO2 uptake fluxes (gross primary production, GPP) were significantly reduced during HW days, but only slightly decreased during INT days. By contrast, COS uptake flux and SIFA (at 760 nm) decreased during both HW and INT days, which was reflected in leaf internal CO2 concentrations and in nonphotochemical quenching, respectively. Intense (HW) heatwave conditions also resulted in a substantial decrease in electron transport rates, measured using leaf‐scale fluorescence, and an increase in the fractional energy consumption in photorespiration.

Using the combined proxy approach, we demonstrate a differential ecosystem response to different heatwave intensities, which allows the trees to preserve carbon assimilation during INT days but not during HW days.