bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for immunocytochemistry in lung cancer typing: An update on a resource‐efficient approach with large‐scale comparative Bayesian analysis
Authors: Elmas Hatice , Diel Roland , Önal Binnur , Sauter Guido , Stellmacher Florian , Welker Lutz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe majority of lung cancer cases are of advanced stage and diagnosis is usually made using minimally invasive small biopsies and cytological specimens. The WHO 2015 classification recommends limiting immunocytochemistry (ICC) to lung cancer typing and molecular testing drives for personalised therapies. An algorithm using Bayes' theorem could be useful for defining antibody profiles. This study aims to assess the impact of different antibody profiles for cytological samples on the accuracy of lung cancer typing with a large‐scale Bayesian analysis.MethodsA retrospective examination of 3419 consecutive smears and/or cytospins diagnosed over 2011‐2016 found 1960 primary lung cancer tumours: 972 adenocarcinomas (ADC), 256 squamous carcinomas (SQC), 268 neuroendocrine tumours (NET), and 464 non‐small cell cancer‐not otherwise specified (NSCC‐NOS). The a priori and a posteriori probabilities, before and after ICC using antibodies singly or in combination, were calculated for different lung cancer types.ResultsTTF‐1 or CK7 alone improved the a posteriori probabilities of correct cytological typing for ADC to 86.5% and 95.8%, respectively. For SQC, using p40 (∆Np63) or CK5/6 together with CK5/14 led to comparable results (78.3% and 90.3%). With synaptophysin or CD56 alone, improvements in a posteriori probabilities to 87.5 and 90.3% for the correct recognition of NET could be achieved.ConclusionsBased on morphological and clinical data, the use of two antibodies appears sufficient for reliable detection of the different lung cancer types. This applies to diagnoses that were finalised following ICC both on a clinical or cytological basis and on a histological basis.
Multi‐decadal land use impacts across the vast range of an iconic threatened species
Authors: Devenish Christian , Lees Alexander C. , Collar Nigel J. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo explore spatiotemporal changes in Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus distribution and the impacts of land use change over 25 years, across its vast range in central/eastern South America.LocationBrazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, South America, covering almost 3 million km2.MethodsWe use a novel, multi‐temporal species distribution model, to combine both year‐specific occurrence records and land use/cover data in a single model that is subsequently projected over a land cover time series. We investigate changes in geographic range over 25 years and potential drivers of range extent at multiple spatial scales (10 and 30 km) and time‐lags (current and 10 years previously). We also assess protected area coverage and impacts from degazettement within the remaining range and highlight priority areas to search for undiscovered populations.ResultsThe modelled range of the species increased by 75,000 km2 to over 500,000 km2 between 1995 and 2019, during which period agriculture and pasture increased by 600,000 km2 within the species' extent of occurrence. Habitat suitability was influenced most strongly by distribution of palms, forest cover and changes in pasture over 10 years and usually by predictors measured at larger spatial scales. Just 8% of the macaw's modelled range falls within protected areas, and more than 20,500 km2 of protected areas overlapping with the range have been degazetted in the last 40 years. We highlight key areas to search for undiscovered populations in under‐sampled and remote areas, especially led by community citizen science initiatives involving indigenous groups and protected area staff.Main conclusionsNovel modelling methods, combining multi‐temporal occurrence records and land cover data, appropriate for small sample sizes per year, have revealed habitat dynamics and changes to the range of this threatened species over 25 years. The method may have wide applicability for a range of species, including elusive and poorly studied species.
The relationship between executive function, processing speed, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in middle childhood
Authors: Sabhlok Aditi , Malanchini Margherita , Engelhardt Laura E. , Madole James , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Harden Kathryn Paige 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAttention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder that is highly impairing. Early, accurate diagnosis maximizes long‐term positive outcomes for youth with ADHD. Tests of executive functioning (EF) are potential tools for screening and differential diagnosis of ADHD subtypes. However, previous research has been inconsistent regarding the specificity and magnitude of EF deficits across ADHD subtypes. Here, we advance knowledge of the EF‐ADHD relationship by using: (1) dimensional latent factor models of ADHD that captures the heterogeneity of expression, and (2) a comprehensive, reliable battery of EF tasks and modeling relationships with a general factor of EF ability. We tested 1548 children and adolescents (ages 7–15 years) from the Texas Twin Project, a population‐based cohort with a diverse socioeconomic and ethnic composition. We show that EF deficits were specific to the inattention domain of ADHD. Moreover, we found that the association between EF task performance and inattention was stable across sociodemographic groups. Our results demonstrate that failures of executive control are selectively manifested as covert inattentive symptoms, such as trouble with organization, forgetfulness, and distractedness, rather than overt symptoms, such as inappropriate talkativeness and interruption. Future research, utilizing a bifactor characterization of ADHD in clinical samples, is needed to further refine understanding of the nature of cognitive deficits in ADHD across the full range of symptom variation.
Firms and regional favouritism
Authors: Vu Tien Manh , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing an unbalanced panel of 539 Vietnamese districts from 2000 to 2010 and the corresponding politicians’ profiles, we examine firm behaviour in response to favouritism by top‐ranking politicians towards their districts of birth. Results show that the number of firms tend to increase in the home districts of politicians after they assume office. This favouritism is particularly pronounced for private domestic firms, construction firms and rural areas. However, state‐owned firms are indifferent. We discuss the non‐response of state‐owned firms, potential mechanisms and channels behind the statistical results.
Economic complexity, scientific productivity and income inequality in developing economies
Authors: Sepehrdoust Hamid , Tartar Mohsen , Gholizadeh Aliakbar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe state of income distribution in developing countries is important from an economic perspective, including per capita income, national savings, society's welfare and a socio‐political perspective for governments to attract public voters. Therefore, economic justice has always been a concern of governments because of its undeniable economic and social consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macroeconomic variables such as economic complexity, scientific productivity and various economic, financial and political risks on the situation of income inequality in developing economies during the years 2000–2019, using an econometric Panel‐VAR method. The results showed that income inequality in selected middle‐income developing countries is moving towards better status due to an increase in scientific productivity and a reduction in economic, financial and political risks. While income inequality decreases as economic complexity increases above a certain threshold. The results of the analysis of variance decomposition showed that among the explanatory variables, the economic complexity has the largest share in describing the Gini coefficient as the index of income inequality distribution.
Comparison between conventional teaching and blended learning in preclinical fixed prosthodontic training: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ab Ghani Siti Mariam , Abdul Hamid Nor Faharina , Lim Tong Wah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionBlended learning utilizes technology with reduced face‐to‐face time and promotes a student‐centred learning environment that excites the learning process. However, studies on blended learning in fixed prosthodontics is still lacking. This study aimed to compare students’ performance in easy and difficult level of fixed prosthodontic preclinical projects given by either blended learning or conventional teaching.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 72 s‐year dental students, who attended preclinical fixed prosthodontic training. Participants were randomly segregated into conventional teaching (n = 36) and blended learning (n = 36). All participants were evaluated for learning preferences using Visual‐Aural‐Read/Write‐Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire and performed a project as their baseline skill assessment. They performed another two preclinical projects (easy and difficult level) after the allocated teaching approach. Learning preferences were analysed using Fisher's exact test and performance in preclinical projects were analysed with an independent t test (significant at p < .05).ResultsThe highest prevalence of learning preferences was the quad‐modal preferences (50.7%), which were visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic. There were no significant differences in baseline skills and learning preferences (p > .05) between groups. No significant differences found between both teaching approaches for easy (p = .319) and difficult projects (p = .339). In the blended learning group, no significant difference was found in both difficulty level of projects (p = .064).ConclusionThe participants performed equally on both teaching approaches. However, blended learning for preclinical fixed prosthodontics is anticipated as the new norm of learning, especially in the current pandemic with reduced face‐to‐face time.
What's next? Career narratives of women university graduates in times of precarity
Authors: Simosi Maria , Daskalaki Maria , Rousseau Denise M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBuilding on emerging research on women's careers and precarious employment, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative study of 16 young, educated women over two years in the Greek post‐crisis economy. Using the career construction theory, we trace their career trajectories and the subjective meanings attached to their career transitions. We find evidence of five career narratives, reflecting the trajectories followed and meanings attributed in pursuit of stable employment. In each narrative we observe situational constraints and coping responses as the women respond to threats to their professional identities. Each trajectory is more cyclical than linear, comprised of activities reflecting the goals pursued at the time. We observe the dysfunctional effects of persistent old career identities along with resilient adjustment and pursuit of new identities. Results advance our understanding of career decisions in the context of economic crisis. They also underscore the need to contextualize the study of career narratives over time as they change in accordance with shifting personal goals and opportunities.
Automated investment management: Comparing the design and performance of international robo‐managers
Authors: Helms Nils , Hölscher Reinhold , Nelde Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRobo‐managers offer automated asset management; however, their overall performance is highly debated. We analyze 15 robo‐managers from Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom by conducting a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study. The qualitative comparison shows considerable differences between the various robo‐managers, not only across but also within countries. The quantitative evaluation utilizes different measures to evaluate the performance of the robo‐manager sample. Our results indicate that each country has one particularly favourable robo‐manager. Furthermore, we find that the costs and characteristics of rebalancing measures have only a small effect on performance.
Diagnosis of infectious factors in patients with chronic glomerular disease using deep learning‐based health information data
Authors: Zhou Canxin , Chen Siqi , Li Xinhan , Ying Xuxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study was aimed to explore the effect of information health data based on deep learning of neural network to diagnose the infectious factors of patients with chronic glomerular disease (CGD) and evaluate its diagnostic effect. Ninety patients with CGD were selected and randomly rolled into control group A, control group B, and observation group, with 30 cases in each group. Big data scientific research analysis platform was used for data integration, convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed for feature analysis, correlation analysis, and screening of disease‐related biomarkers. The patients were diagnosed by observation of symptoms and signs, combined diagnosis of blood test and urine test, and information health data diagnosis based on deep learning CNN. As a result, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of information health data diagnosis based on deep learning CNN were 78.9%, 87.6%, and 92.1%, respectively. The main sources of infections in patients were lung infections, bloodstream infections, urinary system infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and upper respiratory tract infections. Amongst them, lung infection accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 65.4%, followed by blood infection (11.2%) and skin tissue infection (9.6%). The pathogens of infection were mainly bacteria, viruses, fungi, tuberculosis, and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), amongst which bacterial infections accounted for the highest proportion (31.5%), followed by PCP (25.6%). In short, the information health data based on deep learning CNN had high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of CGD. The main infectious factors of CGD were pulmonary infection and blood infection, and the pathogens were mainly bacteria and viruses.
Effects of land‐use change in the Amazon on precipitation are likely underestimated
Authors: Baudena Mara , Tuinenburg Obbe A. , Ferdinand Pendula A. , Staal Arie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Amazon forest enhances precipitation levels regionally as trees take up water from the soil and release it back into the atmosphere through transpiration. Therefore, land‐use changes in the Amazon affect precipitation patterns but to what extent remains unclear. Recent studies used hydrological and atmospheric models to estimate the contribution of tree transpiration to precipitation but assumed that precipitation decreases proportionally to the transpired portion of atmospheric moisture. Here, we relaxed this assumption by, first, relating observed hourly precipitation levels to atmospheric column water vapor in a relatively flat study area encompassing a large part of the Amazon. We found that the effect of column water vapor on hourly precipitation was strongly nonlinear, showing a steep increase in precipitation above a column water vapor content of around 60 mm. Next, we used published atmospheric trajectories of moisture from tree transpiration across the whole Amazon to estimate the transpiration component in column water vapor in our study area. Finally, we estimated precipitation reductions for column water vapor levels without this transpired moisture, given the nonlinear relationship we found. Although loss of tree transpiration from the Amazon causes a 13% drop in column water vapor, we found that it could result in a 55%–70% decrease in precipitation annually. Consequences of this nonlinearity might be twofold: although the effects of deforestation may be underestimated, it also implies that forest restoration may be more effective for precipitation enhancement than previously assumed.
Welcome to the Pyrocene: Animal survival in the age of megafire
Authors: Nimmo Dale G. , Carthey Alexandra J. R. , Jolly Chris J. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlanet Earth is entering the age of megafire, pushing ecosystems to their limits and beyond. While fire causes mortality of animals across vast portions of the globe, scientists are only beginning to consider fire as an evolutionary force in animal ecology. Here, we generate a series of hypotheses regarding animal responses to fire by adopting insights from the predator–prey literature. Fire is a lethal threat; thus, there is likely strong selection for animals to recognize the olfactory, auditory, and visual cues of fire, and deploy fire avoidance behaviours that maximize survival probability. If fire defences are costly, it follows that intraspecific variation in fire avoidance behaviours should correspond with variation in fire behaviour and regimes. Species and populations inhabiting ecosystems that rarely experience fire may lack these traits, placing ‘fire naive’ populations and species at enhanced extinction risk as the distribution of fire extends into new ecosystem types. We outline a research agenda to understand behavioural responses to fire and to identify conservation interventions that could be used to overcome fire naivety.
Sentinel lymph node tumour burden using digital cell count estimation predicts outcomes in melanoma
Authors: Hartsough Emily M , Miller Daniel , Shanley Ryan , Domingo‐Musibay Evidio , Giubellino Alessio 
Published: August 2021

Background and aimsCutaneous melanoma often metastasises in primis to sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Currently, there is no standardized method of characterizing the micrometastatic tumour burden in SLN biopsies for melanoma. Different criteria have been developed to evaluate SLN biopsies, yet none consider the number of cells identified. Here, we used software analysis to digitally quantify metastatic tumour burden within SLNs and correlated these data with clinicopathological and prognostic information.Methods and resultsWe identified 246 cases of SLN biopsies, including 63 positive (26%) and183 (74%) negative for metastatic melanoma. Digital cell counting was performed within the greatest metastatic focus and the entire metastatic tumour burden within the same SLN. Increasing cell count in the largest metastatic deposit correlated with the previously described Rotterdam [Spearman's r = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84, 0.94], Starz (Spearman's r = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.87) and Dewar criteria (P < 0.01), validating our method of using cell count to define SLN tumour burden. Additionally, increasing cell count was associated with decreased metastasis‐free survival (hazard ratio = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.22, 4.31).ConclusionThese data support the use of computerized cell count analysis for prognostication of outcomes in patients undergoing SLN biopsy.
Effect of regioisomers of hydroxystearic acids as peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor agonists to boost the anti‐ageing potential of retinoids
Authors: Rawlings Anthony V. , Wandeler Eliane , Bendik Igor , Fuchs Pascale , Monneuse Jean‐Marc , Imfeld Dominik , Schütz Rolf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe report on the in vitro and ex vivo effects of chiral (R)‐10‐hydroxystearic acid (10‐HSA) compared with other mono‐hydroxystearic acid regioisomers and stearic acid (SA) together with its benefit when combined with retinol.MethodsFollowing treatment with hydroxystearic acids peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activity was determined in a luciferase reporter gene assay, collagen type I was assessed in primary human dermal fibroblasts by immunohistochemistry, modification of the intracellular fibroblast collagen proteome was studied by mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics and collagen type III was assessed by immunohistochemistry on human ex vivo skin.Results10‐HSA was the most effective PPARα agonist (15.7× induction; p < 0.001), followed by 9‐HSA (10.1× induction) and then 12‐HSA (4.9× induction) with 17‐HSA (1.7× induction) being similar to the effects of stearic acid (1.8× induction). Collagen type I levels were increased in primary human fibroblasts by 2.12× and 1.56× for 10‐HSA and 9‐HSA, respectively, in vitro with the10‐HSA being significant (p < 0.05), whereas 12‐HSA and SA had no statistical effect over the untreated control. 10‐HSA and 12‐HSA modified the intracellular fibroblast collagen proteome slightly with significant increases in collagen alpha‐1 (VI) and alpha‐3 (VI) proteins but only 10‐HSA increased levels of collagen alpha‐2 (V), alpha‐1 (III), alpha‐1 (I) and alpha‐2 (I) (all p < 0.05) with the increases being significantly different between 10‐HSA and 12‐HSA for collagen alpha‐1 (I), collagen‐3 (VI) and collagen alpha‐2 (I) (p < 0.01). Collagen type III in ex vivo skin was increased +47% (p < 0.05) by 0.05% (1.7 mM) retinol, +70% (p < 0.01) by 0.01% (0.33 mM) 10‐HSA and the combination increased levels by +240% (p < 0.01 for either ingredient).ConclusionChiral (R)‐10‐HSA has been shown to be superior to 9, 12 and 17‐HSA as a PPARα agonist. Moreover, 10‐HSA stimulated collagen synthesis in monolayer fibroblast culture as assessed by proteomics and immunohistochemically. Furthermore, we also show the synergistic effects of 10‐HSA with retinol on collagen III synthesis in skin explants. These results further highlight the efficacy of 10‐HSA as a cosmetically acceptable PPARα agonist and anti‐ageing ingredient.
The alkaloid centcyamine increases expression of klotho and lamin B1, slowing the onset of skin ageing in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Abadie Sophie , Leduc Claire , Lintner Karl , Bedos Philippe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundKlotho is a protein known for its beneficial effects on longevity. Centcyamine is an alkaloid present in certain plants whose extracts have an anti‐inflammatory effect. Skin fibroblasts are essential to the formation and structure of the dermis.ObjectiveCentcyamine is an indole‐based alkaloid composed of coumaric acid, a resveratrol precursor and methoxytryptamine, which can be both a precursor, or a derivative, of melatonin. Given these building blocks and their well‐known bioactivities, it was of interest to explore the potential benefits of using this aryl‐alkaloid, in cosmetic skincare applications.MethodsWe tested cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) in vitro to observe how supplementation with centcyamine improves properties of the cells to counteract the effect of ageing. The expression of genes and proteins of interest was quantified. The effect on doubling time and cell function was evaluated following treatment of the cells over several replication cycles. Skin firmness, red spot index and skin isotropy were measured with Dynaskin®, Visia® and Primos® equipment, respectively, and compared over two months in a vehicle‐controlled clinical trial on 60 persons.ResultsCentcyamine activates the expression of the gene KL and the related protein Klotho in dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, centcyamine slows the replicative ageing process of fibroblasts in culture. These cells retain cellular functions identical to those of young cells: the synthesis of lamin B1, a crucial regulatory protein of proliferation, as well as of collagen I and elastin is retained in aged cells. The clinical data are shown to improve skin isotropy in a majority of subjects, to reduce the red spot intensity and to maintain skin firmness in the treated group vs. the vehicle.ConclusionThe alkaloid centcyamine induces changes in the metabolism of the ageing process of human dermal fibroblasts. The up‐to‐now unobserved implication of both Klotho and lamin B1 to maintain homeostasis of the skin opens new venues for the prevention of age‐related changes in skin structure. The in vitro and clinical data, while not demonstrated to be causally related, converge towards a common goal of skin repair and slower ageing processes.