bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Regulates Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone via Dopamine D3 Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Interactions
Authors: Garcia-Garrote Maria , Parga Juan A. , Labandeira Pablo J. , Labandeira-Garcia Jose Luis , Rodriguez-Pallares Jannette 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a dynamic and highly regulated process, and different studies suggest that dopamine modulates ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) neurogenesis. However, the specific role of dopamine and the mechanisms/factors underlying its effects on physiological and pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood. Recent studies have described counter-regulatory interactions between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and dopamine in peripheral tissues and in the nigrostriatal system. We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin receptors regulate proliferation and generation of neuroblasts in the rodent V-SVZ. However, possible interactions between dopamine receptors and RAS in the V-SVZ and their role in alterations of neurogenesis in animal models of PD have not been investigated. In V-SVZ cultures, activation of dopamine receptors induced changes in the expression of angiotensin receptors. Moreover, dopamine, via D2-like receptors and particularly D3 receptors, increased generation of neurospheres derived from the V-SVZ and this effect was mediated by angiotensin type-2 (AT2) receptors. In rats, we observed a marked reduction in proliferation and generation of neuroblasts in the V-SVZ of dopamine-depleted animals, and inhibition of AT1 receptors or activation of AT2 receptors restored proliferation and generation of neuroblasts to control levels. Moreover, intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts partially restored proliferation and generation of neuroblasts observed in the V-SVZ of dopamine-depleted rats. Our data revealed that dopamine and angiotensin receptor interactions play a major role in the regulation of V-SVZ and suggest potential beneficial effects of RAS modulators on the regulation of adult V-SVZ neurogenesis.
Conceptual data model for system resilience characterization
Authors: Laun Alexander , Mazzuchi Thomas A. , Sarkani Shahram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNaval leaders are increasingly demanding resilient maritime systems capable of effectively anticipating, responding to, recovering from, and adapting to a given environmental disruption. For engineers designing these systems, real‐world data, information, and knowledge must be leveraged to operationalize the concept of resilience, particularly during the verification process of the system life cycle. However, such data are commonly unstructured, poorly organized, and lacking in context. Resilience‐defining data may not even exist, necessitating a methodological approach to ensure that relevant data are actually collected during system operation. This paper presents a feasible conceptual data model to improve the process of characterizing a given system's resilient performance. The authors consider the prevailing literature from the systems engineering, resilience engineering, and data management communities, and a scenario involving a hurricane‐impacted ocean monitoring system is presented as a case study of the conceptual data model's utility. Ultimately, by using a resilience‐centric data modeling approach, systems engineers can better derive prescribed resilience measures and metrics for a given system or system‐of‐systems.
Therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on rats with acute brain injury after carbon monoxide poisoning based on the strategy of internet pharmacology
Authors: Li Ze‐Kun , Li Chun‐Hua , Yue Ao‐Chun , Song Hui‐Ping , Liu Xu‐Han , Zhou Xu‐Dong , Bi Ming‐Jun , Han Wei , Li Qin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of brain injury caused by carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) is very complex, and there is no exact and reliable treatment in clinic. In the present study, we screened the therapeutic target and related signal pathway of Salvia Miltiorrhiza for acute COP brain injury, and clarified the pharmacological mechanism of multicomponent, multitarget, and multisignal pathway in Salvia Miltiorrhiza by network pharmacology. To further verify the therapeutic effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on acute brain injury based on the results of network analysis, a total of 216 male healthy Sprague Dawley rats were collected in the present study and randomly assigned to a normal control group, a COP group and a Tanshinone IIA sulfonate treatment group (72 rats in each group). The rat model of acute severe COP was established by the secondary inhalation in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. We found that Salvia Miltiorrhiza had multiple active components, and played a role in treating acute brain injury induced by COP through multiple targets and multiple pathways, among them, MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway was one of the most important. COP can start apoptosis process, activate the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and promote the expression of VEGF‐A protein and the formation of brain edema. Tanshinone IIA can effectively inhibit apoptosis, up‐regulate the expressions of VEGF‐A, P‐MEK1/2 and P‐ERK1/2 proteins, thereby protect endothelial cells, promote angiogenesis and microcirculation, and finally alleviate brain edema.
Silver/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene hydrogels for wound dressing applications: Understanding the mechanism of silver, antibacterial agent release
Authors: Nešović Katarina , Mišković‐Stanković Vesna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐term wound healing and chronic wound care represent significant challenges for biomaterials science and engineering with many diverse requirements for the wound dressing properties, as well as antibacterial efficacy and antibacterial agent release to prevent and treat persistent infections. Silver nanoparticles, as a wide‐spectrum antibacterial agent that does not induce bacterial resistance, are very convenient for use as an active component in antibacterial hydrogel wound dressing materials with the controlled release ability. In this work, we aim to perform a comprehensive analysis of silver release from poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hydrogels with electrochemically synthesized antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), aimed for wound dressing applications. Different AgNPs concentrations were loaded in hydrogel matrices using the green electrochemical reduction method, and thus synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by different techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry), in order to assess their physico‐chemical and thermal properties. Silver release was monitored for 28 days in physiologically‐relevant conditions (phosphate buffered medium, pH 7.4, 37°C). The obtained experimental data were evaluated against several theoretical release models (Korsmeyer‐Peppas, Higuchi, Makoid‐Banakar, Kopcha, and early‐time approximation), which confirmed the predominantly diffusion‐controlled mechanism of release. Finally, AgNP‐loaded hydrogels were assessed for antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusTL andEscherichia coliATCC25922 bacterial strains, to prove their strong potential for wound dressing applications.
Tetranuclear cluster‐based coordination polymer templated by [Ca(H2O)6]2+ cations for the photocatalytic application
Authors: You Cai‐Xia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new [Ca(H2O)6]2+ cations‐templated coordination polymer, namely {[Ca(H2O)6][Cu4(btec)2(μ3‐OH)2]}n (1, H4btec=1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid), has been prepared via the solvothermal reactions of CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O, CaCl2, and H4btec. X‐ray structural analysis revealed that it features a tetranuclear [Cu4(COO)6(μ3‐OH)2] cluster‐based 3D anionic framework with (4,8)‐connected scu topology that was further balanced by the isolated [Ca(H2O)6]2+ cations. The framework of 1 shows high thermostability under air atmosphere. Moreover, such compound shows high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl blue (MB) with the degradation efficiency of 94.5 %, and the possible photocatalytic mechanism was also clarified.
Leptonic g − 2 anomaly in an extended Higgs sector with vector-like leptons
Authors: Bharadwaj Hrishabh , Dutta Sukanta , Goyal Ashok 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We address the observed discrepancies in the anomalous magnetic dipole moments (MDM) of the muon and electron by extending the inert two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) with SM gauge singlet complex scalar field and singlet Vector-like Lepton (VLL) field. We obtain the allowed parameter space constrained from the Higgs decays to gauge Bosons at LHC, LEP II data and electro-weak precision measurements. The muon and electron MDM’s are then explained within a common parameter space for different sets of allowed couplings and masses of the model particles.
A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: synthesis and preclinical characterization of [18F]SDM-16
Authors: Zheng Chao , Holden Daniel , Zheng Ming-Qiang , Pracitto Richard , Wilcox Kyle C. , Lindemann Marcel , Felchner Zachary , Zhang Li , Tong Jie , Fowles Krista , Finnema Sjoerd J. , Nabulsi Nabeel , Carson Richard E. , Huang Yiyun , Cai Zhengxin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) changes in the whole central nervous system (CNS) under pathophysiological conditions, a high affinity SV2A PET radiotracer with improved in vivo stability is desirable to minimize the potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop such a PET tracer based on the molecular scaffold of UCB-A, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, in vivo stability, specific binding, and nonspecific binding signals in nonhuman primate brains, in comparison with [11C]UCB-A, [11C]UCB-J, and [18F]SynVesT-1.

Methods
The racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) and its two enantiomers were synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities to human SV2A. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding enantiopure arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET scans were performed on FOCUS 220 scanners. Arterial blood was drawn for the measurement of plasma free fraction (fP), radiometabolite analysis, and construction of the plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were fitted with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region.

Results
SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has the highest affinity (Ki = 0.9 nM) to human SV2A among all reported SV2A ligands. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in about 20% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 90 min, with greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in monkey brains and was metabolically more stable than the other SV2A PET tracers. The fP of [18F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test–retest variability (TRV) was 7 ± 3%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 14 ± 7% for the analyzed brain regions.

Conclusion
We have successfully synthesized a novel SV2A PET tracer [18F]SDM-16, which has the highest SV2A binding affinity and metabolical stability among published SV2A PET tracers. The [18F]SDM-16 brain PET images showed superb contrast between gray matter and white matter. Moreover, [18F]SDM-16 showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brains, allowing for the reliable and sensitive quantification of SV2A, and has potential applications in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
A critical assessment of interatomic potentials for modelling lattice defects in forsterite Mg$$_2$$SiO$$_4$$ from 0 to 12 GPa
Authors: Hirel Pierre , Furstoss Jean , Carrez Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFive different interatomic potentials designed for modelling forsterite Mg$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

are compared to ab initio and experimental data. The set of tested properties include lattice constants, material density, elastic wave velocity, elastic stiffness tensor, free surface energies, generalized stacking faults, neutral Frenkel and Schottky defects, in the pressure range $$0-12$$

0
-
12

GPa relevant to the Earth’s upper mantle. We conclude that all interatomic potentials are reliable and applicable to the study of point defects. Stacking faults are correctly described by the THB1 potential, and qualitatively by the Pedone2006 potential. Other rigid-ion potentials give a poor account of stacking fault energies, and should not be used to model planar defects or dislocations. These results constitute a database on the transferability of rigid-ion potentials, and provide strong physical ground for simulating diffusion, dislocations, or grain boundaries.
Evaluation of synoptic eddy activities and their feedback onto the midlatitude jet in five atmospheric reanalyses with coarse versus fine model resolutions
Authors: Sang Xiaozhuo , Yang Xiu-Qun , Tao Lingfeng , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInteraction between synoptic eddy and mean flow plays a crucial role in maintaining midlatitude westerly jet. In this study, climatologies of synoptic eddy activities and their feedback onto midlatitude jet for 1980–2016 are evaluated and compared through analyzing daily data from five atmospheric reanalyses with different resolutions including one coarse-resolution reanalysis (NCEP2) and four fine-resolution reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CFSR). Horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric models generating those reanalyses are approximately equivalent to 210, 79, 60, 50, and 38 km, respectively. Results show that the eddy activities and their feedback onto the midlatitude jet in those fine-resolution reanalyses are consistently and significantly stronger than those in the coarse-resolution reanalysis (NCEP2). The maximal relative increases that are found to occur primarily in the midlatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere are estimated to be up to 55% for the baroclinicity, 53% for the eddy energetics, 59% for the eddy forcing, and even 85% for the eddy feedback onto the mean flow. Those increases are reasonably conjectured to be related to increased model resolutions, since the synoptic eddy genesis is proportional to the low-level atmospheric meridional temperature gradient which is sensitive to the meridional resolution of atmospheric models. Although the coarse-resolution reanalysis resolves synoptic eddies insufficiently and thus underestimates their feedback onto the mean flow, the magnitudes of eddy-driven jets are almost the same among five reanalyses, implying a mismatch between the eddy feedback and the eddy-driven jet in the coarse-resolution reanalysis. Therefore, the results of this study imply the importance of using fine-resolution reanalyses in accurately understanding the midlatitude synoptic eddy–mean flow interaction.
Herausforderungen der Therapie thorakaler Schmerzen bei zystischer Fibrose (CF)
Authors: Hoffmann A. T. , Dillenhöfer S. , Lücke T. , Maier C. , Brinkmann F. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die zystische Fibrose (CF) ist eine multisystemische progrediente Stoffwechselerkrankung mit vorwiegend abdomineller und pulmonaler Beteiligung. Schmerzen sind für Betroffene ein weiteres komplexes und von den Behandlern unterschätztes Problem.

Methoden
Eine Literaturrecherche deutschsprachiger Leitlinien und englischsprachiger Studien zum Thema CF und Schmerzen wurde durchgeführt, zusätzlich die Beobachtungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie eines CF-Patienten mit progredienten thorakalen Schmerzen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Recherche ergab, dass zur Diagnostik und Therapie thorakaler Schmerzen bei CF keine deutschsprachigen Leitlinien oder Konsenspapiere existieren. Die europäischen und amerikanischen Erhebungen zeigen aber die große Relevanz des Themas und postulieren einen Zusammenhang von Schmerzintensität mit einer erhöhten Mortalität. Sie enthalten jedoch keine Daten zur Effektivität der Schmerztherapie. Anhand dieser Daten und des Fallberichts eines jungen CF-Patienten mit stärksten Thoraxschmerzen bei pulmonalen Exazerbationen lassen sich die CF-spezifischen Herausforderungen der Schmerztherapie illustrieren. Neben den Schmerzen an sich sind auch Analgetika angesichts der multiplen Organdysfunktionen mit besonderen Risiken wie gastrointestinalen Blutungen, opioidinduzierter Atemdepression oder opioidinduzierter Obstipation verbunden.

Diskussion
Schmerztherapie bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose und Multiorganbeteiligung erfordert ein sorgfältiges Monitoring und interdisziplinäres Handeln. Empfehlungen zum Schmerzmanagement sollten in die deutschsprachigen CF-Leitlinien aufgenommen werden.
Meteorological factors associated with the timing and abundance of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus spore release
Authors: Burns Paul , Timmermann Volkmar , Yearsley Jon M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has spread across most of the host range of European ash with a high level of mortality, causing important economic, cultural and environmental effects. We present a novel method combining a Monte-Carlo approach with a generalised additive model that confirms the importance of meteorology to the magnitude and timing of H. fraxineus spore emissions. The variability in model selection and the relative degree to which our models are over- or under-fitting the data has been quantified. We find that both the daily magnitude and timing of spore emissions are affected by meteorology during and prior to the spore emission diurnal peak. We found the daily emission magnitude has the strongest associations to weekly average net radiation and leaf moisture before the emission, soil temperature during the day before emission and net radiation during the spore emission. The timing of the daily peak in spore emissions has the strongest associations to net radiation both during spore emission and in the day preceding the emission. The seasonal peak in spore emissions has a near-exponential increase/decrease, and the mean daily emission peak is approximately Gaussian.
Using social media affordances to support Ill-structured problem-solving skills: considering possibilities and challenges
Authors: Koehler Adrie A. , Vilarinho-Pereira Daniela Rezende 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEducators consider the development of problem-solving skills in learners to be a primary goal of contemporary teaching and learning efforts. Yet, participating in problem-centered instruction is challenging for learners, and educators have sought different ways of supporting learners as they make sense of complex content. Social media applications are readily available for use by educators, which in turn provides many opportunities for these tools to support teaching and learning activities. While social media affordances offer educators exciting opportunities to support learners in authentic problem-solving contexts, these tools do not come without challenges, and little research has considered how such tools can specifically facilitate the development of learners’ problem-solving abilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify prominent educational affordances of social media and to explore how these identified affordances have the potential to support ill-structured problem-solving activities. This paper offers researchers and educators new directions for facilitating problem-centered learning when using social media.
„Blaming the victim?“ Ergebnisse einer Vignettenstudie zur Stigmatisierung von HIV-positiven Personen
Authors: Haink Michele , Jaworeck Sandra , Kriwy Peter 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die HIV(„human immundeficiency virus“)-Infizierten sind Diskriminierung in verschiedenen Bereichen ihres Lebens ausgesetzt. Ein Mechanismus der Stigmatisierung in diesem Zusammenhang basiert auf fehlendem Wissen über die Ansteckungswege von HIV.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wahrgenommenes Eigenverschulden sowie verantwortungsbewusstes Verhalten bei einer HIV-Infektion werden als mögliche Ursache für die Einschätzung der sozialen Distanz gegenüber HIV-Infizierten untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Datengrundlage ist eine Online-Vignettenbefragung, an der insgesamt 135 Personen teilgenommen haben. Die Hypothesen werden mit clusterkorrigierten multiplen linearen Regressionen getestet.

Ergebnisse
Wenn eine HIV-Infektion als vermeintlich selbst verschuldet wahrgenommen wird, so ist die soziale Distanz zu den Erkrankten größer. Ähnliche Distanzierung erfahren HIV-infizierte Personen, die beruflich eng mit Menschen zusammenarbeiten, z. B. Beschäftigte des Rettungsdienstes. Vor allem homosexuelle HIV-positive Männer werden stigmatisiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Stigmatisierung aufgrund von „victim blaming“ gegenüber HIV-Infizierten konnte in dieser Studie aufgezeigt werden.
SGB VIII-Reform und Inklusion
Authors: Hopmann Benedikt 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden wesentliche „inklusive Schlaglichter“ des neuen Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetzes hervorgehoben und diskutiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden schließlich zentrale Herausforderungen skizziert.
Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of salt- stress related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Sahu Sarika , Shiv Aalok , Shrivastava Abhishek Kumar , Reddy Sneha Priya Pappula , Soren Khela Ram , Patil Basavannagouda Siddannagouda , Pal Madan , Soni Anjali , Roorkiwal Manish , Varshney Rajeev Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are 200 bp length crucial RNA molecules, lacking coding potential and having important roles in regulating gene expression, particularly in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified salt stress-induced lncRNAs in chickpea roots and predicted their intricate regulatory roles. A total of 3452 novel lncRNAs were identified to be distributed across all 08 chickpea chromosomes. On comparing salt-tolerant (ICCV 10, JG 11) and salt-sensitive cultivars (DCP 92–3, Pusa 256), 4446 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected under various salt treatments. We predicted 3373 lncRNAs to be regulating their target genes in cis regulating manner and 80 unique lncRNAs were observed as interacting with 136 different miRNAs, as eTMs (endogenous target mimic) targets of miRNAs and implicated them in the regulatory network of salt stress response. Functional analysis of these lncRNA revealed their association in targeting salt stress response-related genes like potassium transporter, transporter family genes, serine/threonine-protein kinase, aquaporins like TIP1-2, PIP2-5 and transcription factors like, AP2, NAC, bZIP, ERF, MYB and WRKY. Furthermore, about 614 lncRNA-SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were identified as a new generation of molecular markers with higher efficiency and specificity in chickpea. Overall, these findings will pave the understanding of comprehensive functional role of potential lncRNAs, which can help in providing insight into the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in chickpea.