bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How B Corps Are Hybrid? Unpacking Hybridity in Social Enterprises
Authors: Boni Leonardo , Fini Riccardo , Toschi Laura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearchers have extensively studied the hybrid condition of organizations that simultaneously pursue social and economic goals. Yet, hybridity manifests itself in multiple ways. This paper aims to identify the different facets of the hybrid condition, conducting an empirical study in a specific setting of hybrid organizations: the B corporations (i.e., for‐profit organizations awarded with a prosocial certification). We propose and test a multifactor scale measuring how hybridity (i) occurs, (ii) influences firms' organizational processes, and (iii) shapes firms' social impact thesis. We test the scale on a sample of 101 Italian B Corp firms, identifying four factors that determine the hybrid nature of B Corps and characterizing two ideal types of B Corps. We contribute to the literature on social entrepreneurship and hybrid organizations by capturing the nuances of B Corps' hybridity.
The production of succinate with more CO2 fixation reactions facilitated by RuBisCO‐based engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Xiuyuan , Li Linqing , Sun Shengjie , Xiong Peng , Liu Xiutao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRedesigning metabolic pathways to enhance the efficiency of carbon fixation during chemical biosynthesis is a promising approach for achieving cleaner and greener production of multi‐carbon compounds. In this study, we established a model of cell growth in Escherichia coli that is dependent on the RuBisCO‐Prk pathway by regulating its central metabolism. This rewiring ensures that growth depends on RuBisCO's carboxylation, allowing heterotrophic growth to rely on carbon fixation. This model was verified by detecting the growth curve, and it was used to screen four RuBisCO genes, of which the gene from Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 serves as a growth advantage for E.coli. In addition, this model was applied to construct an efficient succinate biosynthetic pathway that can produce two moles of succinate from one mole of xylose and three moles of CO2. Compared to conventional succinate biosynthesis, this strategy has a CO2 fixation capacity that is 1.5 times greater. Furthermore, to optimize succinate production, various approaches were employed, including the optimization of key enzymes, substrate transport, and the supply of inorganic carbon. The resulting strain was capable of producing succinate at a level of 2.09 ± 0.14 g/L, which is nearly 22.4 times that of the original strain. In conclusion, this study was developed for the production of two moles of succinate by implementing three moles of carbon fixation reactions and demonstrated the feasibility of various optimization strategies in biological carbon fixation.
Identities and Spatial Distribution of Active Antioxidative Components in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Leaves
Authors: Ji Xin , Lu Chenna , Liu Xiaoqian , Dai Liping , Feng Weihong , Zhang Yongxin , Liang Yaohua , Wang Zhimin , li chun 
Published: February 2025

Despite that the leaves of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (LLA) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years, their medicinal potential remains underexplored compared with the fruits of this plant species. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activities of different solvent fractions of LLA leaf extract and to identify the active components and their spatial distribution within the leaf tissue. Among all solvent fractions tested, the ethyl acetate and n‐butanol fractions showed the strongest antioxidative activities in the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. In total, 19 and 21 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate and n‐butanol fractions, respectively, with flavonoids, iridoids, and triterpenes being predominant. Analysis using desorption electrospray ionization–post‐photoionization–mass spectrometry imaging identified 20 compounds that were mainly distributed in the leaf epidermis and mesophyll. These findings provide a comprehensive reference resource that will aid our understanding of the medicinal value of LLA leaves and lay the scientific foundation for their further development and use as a source of natural antioxidants.
Myocardial Infarction and All‐Cause Mortality Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Conservative Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions: A West Denmark Heart Registry Study
Authors: Søndergaard Marc Meller , Gunnarstein Sanna , Christensen Martin Kirk , Christiansen Evald Høj , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Veien Karsten Tange , Holck Emil Nielsen , Kragholm Kristian , Thuesen Leif , Eftekhari Ashkan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic coronary total occlusions (CTO) represent a therapeutic challenge, and results of randomized clinical trials and observational studies comparing conservative treatment versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are underpowered.AimsTo assess myocardial infarction (MI) and all‐cause mortality in consecutive patients with CTO lesions.MethodsUsing data from the West Denmark Heart Registry, patients with chronic coronary syndrome and a 100% occluded vessel by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were identified. Patients were stratified according to PCI within 90 days. Five‐year risk of MI and all‐cause mortality was calculated using cause‐specific Cox‐models and g‐formula methods. Subsequently, models were stratified on sex, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate above 60 mL/min, procedure before 2012, and history of cardiac surgery. The risk was calculated for patients who did not experience MI or death within 30 days of the initial ICA.ResultsA total of 7675 patients were included in the study, of whom 3129 patients underwent PCI, and 4546 patients were treated conservatively. PCI‐ and conservatively treated patients had comparable risks of MI (13.1% [95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0%−14.3%] for patients who underwent PCI vs. 13.4% [95% CI 12.4%–13.4%] for patients who received conservative treatment). For all‐cause mortality, results were 14.4% (95% CI 13.3%–15.5%) versus 18.9% (95% CI 17.8%–20.0%), respectively. Results were consistent across subgroups. However, CTO‐PCI‐treated patients with previous heart surgery were at higher risk of MI.ConclusionsPatients who underwent CTO‐PCI had a comparable 5‐year risk of MI and lower all‐cause mortality as compared to conservatively treated patients.
Unusual Presentation of Classical Galactosemia: A Case Report of Iranian Experience
Authors: Alaee Mohammadreza , Saneifard Hedyeh , Shakiba Marjan , Hanifeh Marjan , Moarefian Shirin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGalactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with four main types, and classic galactosemia is the most prevalent. These patients have galactose‐1‐phosphate‐uridyltransferase deficiency. We report on a case of an infant who was admitted with poor feeding, lethargy, and poor weight gain. Based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, the patient was considered to have a metabolic disorder. The patient had unusual presentations such as macrocytic anemia requiring blood transfusions, repeatedly metabolic acidosis requiring bicarbonate therapy and failure to thrive in addition to neurodevelopmental delay which led the authors to different diagnoses and suspect to mitochondrial disorders. Finally, in one of the assessments before blood transfusion, a high galactose‐1 phosphate was detected, and galactose‐free diet was started which led to neurologic and physical of the child. The whole‐exome sequencing (WES) also revealed a likely pathogenic homozygous mutation in GALT (c.794 C>G, p. Pro265Arg) confirming the diagnosis of classic galactosemia. In Iran, global neonatal metabolic screening is not done for galactosemia which results in late diagnosis of the affected patients. So, we suggest adding galactosemia to neonatal metabolic screening in Iran.
Dyshidrosiform Bullous Pemphigoid With Dermatophyte Infection: An Association or Coincidence? Diagnostic Challenge of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shrestha Joshana , Pathak Thapa Deeptara , Shrestha Shristi , Bhusal Mohan , Dhungana Sanjay , Baniya Rabin , Piya Smriti 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis Case Shows the Rarity of Dyshidrosiform Bullous Pemphigoid (DBP) as it is the first case to be reported from Nepal. Also, this is the first case of a dermatophyte infection in a patient with DBP. This case underscores the need for more extensive studies on DBP to better understand its incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, systemic associations, diagnostic workup, and treatment options.
Challenging Diagnosis of Fahr's Disease Mimicking Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Sanaei Erfan , Bidaki Reza , Pashmchi Mohammad , Jalalifard Hamid 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPatients presenting with parkinsonism symptoms such as severe bradykinesia and significant hypophonia, along with an atypical clinical course, should be evaluated for secondary parkinsonism syndromes and other causes of parkinsonism. One of these causes is known as Fahr's disease, which is often overlooked by neurologists and other physicians.
A Fatal Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia Caused by Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ishiyama Kaori , Miyamoto Kyohei , Shima Nozomu , Inoue Shigeaki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNecrotizing pneumonia has a high mortality rate of approximately 50%. Its computed tomography findings lack enhancement in areas of consolidation. These findings should be interpreted as potentially indicative of a severe clinical course. Hypermucovisous strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are often hypervirulent and may cause fatal necrotizing pneumonia.
Metal‐Organic Framework–Specific Catalysis
Authors: Bengsch Marco , Neumann Constanze N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe precision with which atoms can be positioned in 3D space through reticular chemistry imbues metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with the potential to access catalytic performance beyond what is possible with classical heterogeneous manifolds. In this paper, we highlight illustrative examples in which MOF‐based catalysts integrate adsorption and catalysis, optimize cooperation, bypass high‐energy intermediates, bring about active site regeneration, stabilize unusual active sites or use extended environment effects in order to break new ground in catalyst design.
Data‐driven deep learning prediction of full molecular weight distribution in polymerization processes
Authors: Mora‐Mariano Dante , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Zapata‐González Iván , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe mathematical modelling of the full molecular weight distribution (MWD) results in a large set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which usually requires considerable computation time because of stiffness behaviour. This study applies state‐of‐the‐art deep learning (DL) methods to model three academically and industrially relevant polymerization processes: free radical polymerization (FRP), reversible addition–fragmentation (RAFT), and coordination catalyst polymerization (CCP). The DL models were trained with datasets generated from the numerical solution of the first principles kinetic model of each polymerization process. Then, the applied DL models were used to predict the conversion rate, average molar weights, and molecular weight distributions with minimum deviations and reduced computational load. Therefore, by reducing the large computational load, this type of DL models can make feasible the application of on‐line optimal control strategies to complex and economically important polymerization processes.
Titania: From a waste solid catalyst to an inorganic pigment
Authors: Doan Nhuan N. , Nguyen Khanh T. , Nguyen Giang P. T. , Nguyen Linh T. T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to recover a waste titania catalyst from α‐pinene isomerization, recycle it and use it in the production of inorganic pigments. The acid‐contaminated titania (ACT), prepared from ilmenite ore by sulphation, has the potential to function as a solid acid catalyst due to the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, with a specific surface area of 163 m2 g−1. The catalytic efficiency was evaluated in the isomerization of turpentine (83.8 wt.% α‐pinene) at a reaction temperature of 120°C, using a turpentine:catalyst mass ratio of 4:1. The α‐pinene conversion was 99.6% with a camphene selectivity of 43 wt.%. The waste catalyst was recovered and subjected to calcination at a suitable temperature to remove all organic compounds and make it suitable for use in the production of inorganic pigments. The calcined product exhibits pigment properties including a pure rutile phase, an average grain size of 0.2 μm, a specific surface area of 29 m2 g−1 and a reflectance in visible light of 95%. This study has provided a practical, simple, and cost‐effective solution for the treatment of residual acid on titania obtained from the hydration of titanyl sulphate, while also demonstrating the simultaneous application of titania in catalysis and pigment production.
Application of immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase on clay in the production of ethyl esters
Authors: Molinari Deise , da Silva Edson Antonio , Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Paschoal Sirlei Marques , Mogollón Emerson Barrios , Figueiredo Lucas Silva , Arroyo Pedro Augusto , Zanin Gisella Maria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe present work aimed to use commercial Spectrogel clay (type C) as a support for immobilizing Burkholderia cepacia lipase to produce ethyl esters. The highest yield in ethyl ester production was obtained under the following conditions: 1% water (kg kg−1 oil), oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio of 1:3, and 15% immobilized biocatalyst (kg kg−1 oil). A kinetic assay was conducted under the optimal conditions obtained to validate the experiment, which already showed a high yield within 6 h (78.82 ± 2.28% for LBC‐ADS and 89.42 ± 2.65% for LBC‐CB) and reaction equilibrium in 18 h (84.76 ± 0.36% for LBC‐ADS and 98.05 ± 1.24% for LBC‐CB). Heterogeneity tests were conducted at 1 and 12 h of reaction to analyze the interaction between the support and the enzyme, showing that after the removal of the biocatalysts after 1 h of reaction, there was no significant release of enzymes into the reaction medium.
An insight derived from CFD investigation on the regulation of vortex flow in jet impact negative pressure reactors: VG baffle structure
Authors: Chai Xinjie , Hu Lingxing , Yang Guangzhou , Dong Yingying , Zhang Hao , Qiu Facheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe jet impact negative pressure reactor (JI‐NPR) is capable of achieving high efficiency and energy savings through continuous ammonia removal. A large number of multi‐scale vortex structures appear during the evolution of porous jet impingement under negative pressure conditions. The mixed model of mixture and the turbulence model of rsealizable k‐ε were used to simulate the flow field and vortex in the reactor. Firstly, the most suitable method to describe the multi‐scale vortex structure is determined. Next, the vortex core and other flow structures were modulated by configuring the spoiler elements. Specifically, the influence of parameters, including the quantity of spoiler elements (baffles), radial distances, and wing widths, on the turbulent flow field were investigated. Finally, the response surface method was used to construct the regression model equations for pressure drop and homogeneity. It is demonstrated that the Ω‐criterion offers a more accurate identification of the flow field inside the JI‐NPR. The baffle structure is conducive to reducing energy dissipation, destabilizing the flow field structure, and improving the interphase flow transfer efficiency. The relevant regression equations and optimal structural parameters are also determined. The present study can provide the foundation for the optimization of the geometry design of the JI‐NPR.
A Tandem Route toward Isoxazolidine Fused Phospholene Skeleton Involving Dearomative [3+2] Cycloaddition of P‐Heteroarenes and Nitrones
Authors: Xu Chenyong , Wang Yingqiang , Xiao Meng , Tian Rongqiang , Duan Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThe demands for effective assembly of structurally complex molecular scaffolds from simple starting materials are continuously growing along with the development of organic chemistry. We have developed a tandem approach that assembles simple β‐chloroethylphosphane, alkynyl imines (or alkynyl ketones), and nitrones into structurally complex isoxazolidine fused phospholene scaffolds through a sequential process involving phospha‐Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, and dearomatizing [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. The isoxazolidine‐fused phospholene has three heteroatoms, including a junction phosphorus atom. After removing the coordinated tungsten group, these compounds can serve as potential P‐stereogenic ligands and may have biological activities. Contrary to pyrroles and furans, the aromatic 2‐phosphapyrroles and 2‐phosphafurans are good 2π‐electron candidates in the dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition reactions due to the poor overlap of the 2p‐3p orbitals of the C=P moiety.
Natural and Artificial Aging Methods For Silver Mock‐ups In Recent Conservation And Heritage Studies: A Short Review
Authors: Wu Qing , Zhou Han , Bertrand Loïc , Stols‐Witlox Maartje , Brambilla Laura , Joseph Edith 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSilver has been widely used for art and heritage objects throughout history, due to its excellent ductility, malleability and brilliant metallic lustre. However, silver objects tarnish over time and must be regularly treated to maintain their appearance. In conservation and heritage studies, naturally or artificially aged silver mock‐ups are often used to simulate the tarnishing conditions of valuable historical silver objects. Over the last few decades, many research groups have proposed different aging protocols. In this paper, we reviewed the silver aging protocols employed in recent studies in the field. Although the chemistry‐based aging methods are most widely used, issues regarding alterations of the tarnish stratigraphy and negative influences on environment and operator safety should not be neglected. This review aims to provide important references for conservators, scientists and researchers to select safe and suitable aging methods for building their own mock‐up systems, and to encourage the development of more sustainable aging protocols for future conservation of historical silver objects.
HCRP‐OSD: Fine‐Grained Open‐Set Intrusion Detection Based on Hybrid Convolution and Adversarial Reciprocal Points Learning
Authors: Cai Nengfu , Jiang Yi , Zhang Haitao , Yang Zhiwen , Zhong Laicheng , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAmidst the swift progression of network technology, unknown network attacks and malicious code iterations perpetually surface, thereby imposing augmented exigencies on the efficacy and innovativeness of intrusion detection systems within networks. Timely detection of unknown network attacks is critical to reducing the risk of significant damage to systems. This paper aims to develop an open‐set intrusion detection model that is able to infer unknown network attacks and correctly classify known attacks. In order to enable the model to classify known attacks while inferring unknown attacks correctly, we consider the open space risk of unknown attacks when training the known attacks classification model. Specifically, we propose an open‐set intrusion detection system, HCRP‐OSD, consisting of three modules: Network flow feature extraction, hybrid convolutional network, and ARPL open‐set intrusion detection. The network flow feature extraction module extracts data information from the original network traffic to avoid the loss of original information caused by manual design and selection of features. The hybrid convolutional network module learns distinguishable features between different known attacks. The hybrid convolutional network uses two learning channels, a two‐dimensional CNN and a one‐dimensional residual network, to obtain attack features from different angles. The features are aggregated at the output layer. The ARPL open‐set intrusion detection module learns a set of vectors as reciprocal points for each known attack and maximizes the distance between the known attack and its reciprocal point during training. This increases the discrimination between known and unknown attacks while accurately classifying known attacks. Experiments on the dataset CICIDS2017 show that our method outperforms the baseline models. The AUROC for identifying unknown attacks is 97.59%. The classification accuracy for known attacks is 99.97%.
Role of Ion‐Pair and H‐Bonding in Colorimetric Detection of Insulin Fibrils with Picomolar Sensitivity
Authors: Nath Sukhendu , Sen Ayentika , Mora Aruna K. , Kundu Soumitra 
Published: February 2025

Ultrasensitive detection of amyloid fibril, a biomarker of several neurological diseases, has been achieved using a hemicyanine dye. Amyloid fibril induces a remarkable change in the absorption spectral position (~115 nm) of the perchlorate salt of the probe leading to a naked‐eye detection of neurotoxic protein aggregates. Such large shift in the absorption spectra has been utilised to develop a simple and cost effective paper based detection of insulin aggregates with a limit of detection (LOD) of <2 pM. Besides the changes in the absorption spectra, the emission intensity of the probe shows almost two orders of magnitude increase in the presence of insulin amyloid fibrils. Such dual sensing properties of the present hemicyanine molecule make it a noble probe for amyloid fibrils. Our detailed investigation on the fundamental mechanism responsible for the fibril‐induced spectral changes in the dye has established the role of amyloid induced dissociation of ion‐pair and solute‐solvent hydrogen bonding in the colorimetric detection of amyloid fibrils. Quantum chemical calculations and blind molecular docking studies have also been performed to strengthen our experimental observations. This result will open up a new frontier in the field of amyloid probes based on the unique mechanism proposed in this work.