bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of human papilloma virus (HPV) in penile cancer: A National Cancer Database (NCDB) study.
Authors: Chennamadhavuni Adithya , An Josiah , Mott Sarah L. , Garje Rohan 
Published: March 2021

5 Background: HPV is associated with 30 - 50% of penile cancers, with some studies showing improved outcomes in these patients. This study evaluated the effect of HPV infection on penile cancer outcomes. Methods: The national cancer database (NCDB) was utilized to identify HPV tested penile cancer patients at the time of diagnosis from 2004 – 2016. Chi-squared tests and Cox regression models were used in analysis. Results: Out of 486 patients with penile squamous cell cancer, 139 (29%) were HPV +ve, and 347 (71%) were HPV -ve. Greater than 50% of HPV +ve were < 65 years old, Caucasian, from low-income areas ( < $48,000), and had public or no insurance. Similar incidence patterns were noted in HPV- ve patients. 77% pts who were HPV +ve had a moderate to poorly differentiated tumor. Most HPV +ve presented with early-stage cancer, and 12% were stage IV at diagnosis. 5-year overall survival (OS) was better among HPV +ve 62% vs. 50% in HPV -ve patients. Multivariable analysis (MVA) shows superior survival among patients with age < 65 years, low comorbidity score (0-1), and earlier stage at diagnosis. Patients with HPV +ve adjusted for age, comorbidities, stage, and treatment showed significantly improved survival. HPV -ve patients had 1.49 times increased risk of death compared to HPV +ve. Conclusions: HPV positive penile cancer is associated with significantly improved survival independent of age, comorbidities, stage, and treatment modality. This study reiterates the prognostic significance of HPV status and testing for HPV status at diagnosis should be a standard practice. [Table: see text]
Relationship between Drug Overdose Mortality and Coverage of Drug-Related Issues in US Television Political Campaign Advertising in the 2012 and 2016 Election Cycles
Authors: Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Fowler Erika Franklin , Bandara Sachini , Baum Laura M. , Gollust Sarah E. , Niederdeppe Jeff , Barry Colleen L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context: Understanding the role of drug-related issues in political campaign advertising can provide insight on the salience of this issue and the priorities of candidates for elected office. This study sought to quantify the share of campaign advertising mentioning drugs in the 2012 and 2016 election cycles and to estimate the association between local drug overdose mortality and drug mentions in campaign advertising across US media markets.
Methods: The analysis used descriptive and spatial statistics to examine geographic variation in campaign advertising mentions of drugs across all 210 US media markets, and it used multivariable regression to assess area-level factors associated with that variation.
Findings: The share of campaign ads mentioning drugs grew from 0.5% in the 2012 election cycle to 1.6% in the 2016 cycle. In the 2016 cycle, ads airing in media markets with overdose mortality rates in the 95th percentile were more than three times as likely to mention drugs as ads airing in areas with overdose mortality rates in the 5th percentile.
Conclusions: A small proportion of campaign advertising mentioned drug-related issues. In the 2016 cycle, the issue was more prominent in advertising in areas hardest hit by the drug overdose crisis and in advertising for local races.
Prospects for Enforcing Prohibitions on Off-Label Drug Promotion after United States v. Caronia: An Analysis of Litigated Cases
Authors: Liu Sheng , Mello Michelle M. , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules restrict pharmaceutical manufacturers from promoting drugs for non-FDA-approved (off-label) indications. When manufacturers violate this rule, it has in many cases led to unsafe prescribing. However, in 2012, a federal circuit court ruled in United States v. Caronia that truthful off-label promotion was protected under the First Amendment, threatening government enforcement in this area.
Methods: The authors extracted cases from the WestLawNext database that mentioned Caronia from 2012 to 2019. They collected information about plaintiff, procedural history, product and manufacturer involved, and case outcome. Cases were categorized as either “follows,” “does not follow,” or “distinguishes” from Caronia. The authors qualitatively reviewed the full text of each case to verify whether Caronia was given substantive discussion for perceptions of off-label promotion, application of commercial speech rights, and how courts interpreted Caronia.
Findings: Among 42 cases in the study cohort, 22 (52%) followed Caronia's core holding that truthful, non-misleading off-label promotion was not actionable under FDA rules. By contrast, 20 cases (48%) treated Caronia negatively, either declining to follow (9 cases) or distinguishing it (11 cases).
Conclusions: Enforcement on off-label marketing became more challenging after Caronia. This gives manufacturers greater flexibility to promote drugs for unapproved uses despite the substantial public health risks.
Metabolomics and lipidomics in Caenorhabditis elegans using a single-sample preparation
Authors: Molenaars Marte , Schomakers Bauke V. , Elfrink Hyung L. , Gao Arwen W. , Vervaart Martin A. T. , Pras-Raves Mia L. , Luyf Angela C. , Smith Reuben L. , Sterken Mark G. , Kammenga Jan E. , van Kampen Antoine H. C. , Janssens Georges E. , Vaz Frédéric M. , van Weeghel Michel , Houtkooper Riekelt H. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic mass spectrometry methods are in increasing demand; for instance, in research related to nutrition and aging. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a key model organism in these fields, owing to the large repository of available C. elegans mutants and their convenient natural lifespan. Here, we describe a robust and sensitive analytical method for the semi-quantitative analysis of &gt;100 polar (metabolomics) and &gt;1000 apolar (lipidomics) metabolites in C. elegans, using a single-sample preparation. Our method is capable of reliably detecting a wide variety of biologically relevant metabolic aberrations in, for example, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyrimidine metabolism and complex lipid biosynthesis. In conclusion, we provide a powerful analytical tool that maximizes metabolic data yield from a single sample.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Utilizing passive sensing data to provide personalized psychological care in low-resource settings
Authors: Byanjankar Prabin , Poudyal Anubhuti , Kohrt Brandon A , Maharjan Sujen Man , Hagaman Ashley , van Heerden Alastair 
Published: March 2021

Background: With the growing ubiquity of smartphones and wearable devices, there is an increased potential of collecting passive sensing data in mobile health. Passive data such as physical activity, Global Positioning System (GPS), interpersonal proximity, and audio recordings can provide valuable insight into the lives of individuals. In mental health, these insights can illuminate behavioral patterns, creating exciting opportunities for mental health service providers and their clients to support pattern recognition and problem identification outside of formal sessions. In the Sensing Technologies for Maternal Depression Treatment in Low Resource Settings (StandStrong) project, our aim was to build an mHealth application to facilitate the delivery of psychological treatments by lay counselors caring for adolescent mothers with depression in Nepal. Methods: This paper describes the development of the StandStrong platform comprising the StandStrong Counselor application, and a cloud-based processing system, which can incorporate any tool that generates passive sensing data. We developed the StandStrong Counselor application that visualized passively collected GPS, proximity, and activity data. In the app, GPS data displays as heat maps, proximity data as charts showing the mother and child together or apart, and mothers’ activities as activity charts. Lay counselors can use the StandStrong application during counseling sessions to discuss mothers’ behavioral patterns and clinical progress over the course of a five-week counseling intervention. Achievement Awards based on collected data can also be automatically generated and sent to mothers. Additionally, messages can be sent from counselors to mother’s personal phones through the StandStrong platform. Discussion: The StandStrong platform has the potential to improve the quality and effectiveness of psychological services delivered by non-specialists in diverse global settings.
The Interplay Between Online Reviews and Physician Demand: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Xu Yuqian , Armony Mor , Ghose Anindya 
Published: March 2021

Social media platforms for healthcare services are changing how patients choose physicians. The digitization of healthcare reviews has been providing additional information to patients when choosing their physicians. On the other hand, the growing online information introduces more uncertainty among providers regarding the expected future demand and how different service features can affect patient decisions. In this paper, we derive various service-quality proxies from online reviews and show that leveraging textual information can derive useful operational measures to better understand patient choices. To do so, we study a unique data set from one of the leading appointment-booking websites in the United States. We derive from the text reviews the seven most frequently mentioned topics among patients, namely, bedside manner, diagnosis accuracy, waiting time, service time, insurance process, physician knowledge, and office environment, and then incorporate these service features into a random-coefficient choice model to quantify the economic values of these service-quality proxies. By introducing quality proxies from text reviews, we find the predictive power of patient choice increases significantly, for example, a 6%–12% improvement measured by mean squared error for both in-sample and out-of-sample tests. In addition, our estimation results indicate that contextual description may better characterize users’ perceived quality than numerical ratings on the same service feature. Broadly speaking, this paper shows how to incorporate textual information into an econometric model to understand patient choice in healthcare delivery. Our interdisciplinary approach provides a framework that combines machine learning and structural modeling techniques to advance the literature in empirical operations management, information systems, and marketing. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management.
Improving maternal and child health outcomes through active male partner involvement in perinatal care
Authors: Berthran Confidence Chekwubechukwu , Odetola Titilayo Dorothy , Abiona Mary Oluwabukunmi 
Published: March 2021

Background With poor maternal and child health outcomes in developing countries, improvement strategies have become preponderant. Aim To obtain the perception of University of Ibadan postgraduates on how active male involvement in perinatal care can influence the improvement of maternal and child health in developing countries. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis, using a cluster sampling technique was employed. Self-structured questionnaire was used for the research data collection from 241 postgraduate students. Findings In this study, majority of the respondents agreed that male involvement in perinatal care could reduce maternal stress (83.4%), promote healthy behaviours (83.8%), and promote safety of the wife's pregnancy and childbirth (90.5%); thus, improving maternal and child health outcomes. Conclusion When men in developing countries become actively involved in perinatal care, it will foster increased attendance and compliance to antenatal clinics, breastfeeding, immunisation and family planning which in turn will improve maternal and child health.
Trapeziectomy for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis
Authors: Saab Marc , Chick Gregoire 
Published: March 2021

Aims The objective of this systematic review was to describe trapeziectomy outcomes and complications in the context of osteoarthritis of the base of the thumb after a five-year minimum follow-up. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide study design, and 267 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After exclusion criteria application, 22 studies were included, involving 728 patients and 823 trapeziectomies. Outcomes included pre- and postoperative clinical and radiological characteristics. Complications and revisions were recorded. Results All the studies reported good results regarding pain and range of motion at the last follow-up of 8.3 years (5 to 22); the mean satisfaction rate was 91% (84% to 100%). It was difficult to assess the impact on metacarpophalangeal joint motion in extension with contrary results. The key pinch returned to its preoperative values, whereas tip pinch showed a modest improvement (+14%), with a mild improvement found in grip strength (+25%) at the last follow-up. The mean progressive trapezial collapse was 48% (0% to 85%) and was not correlated with pain, grip strength, or satisfaction. The most represented complications were linked to tendons or nerves affected during additional procedures to stabilize the joint (11.6%; n = 56). Mechanical complications included symptomatic scapho-M1 impingement (3.1%; n = 15/580), leading to nine surgical revisions out of 581 trapeziectomies. Meta-analysis was not possible due to study heterogeneity and limited data. Conclusion After a minimum five-year follow-up, trapeziectomy achieved high patient satisfaction and pain relief. However, strength seemed to be deteriorating with detrimental consequences, but this did not correlate with trapezial collapse. The issues related to underestimating mechanical complications and varying degrees of success should be highlighted in the information given to patients. Evidence-based analyses should help the surgeon in their decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(3):141–149.
Autonomous dynamic window shaping and rerouting for a service-converged layer-2 network with a time-aware shaper accommodating mobile fronthaul and IoT backhaul
Authors: Shibata Naotaka , Kaneko Shin , Harada Rintaro , Honda Kazuaki , Terada Jun 
Published: March 2021

We propose autonomous dynamic window shaping and rerouting to improve the throughput of the Internet of Things (IoT) on a service-converged layer-2 network with a time-aware shaper (TAS) accommodating mobile fronthaul (MFH) and IoT backhaul. While low latency for MFH is assured by the TAS technique, the maximum throughput of the IoT traffic is limited because the available bandwidth for the IoT is limited. Our dynamic window shaping and rerouting improves the IoT throughput autonomously by utilizing the burstiness feature of the MFH traffic. Experimental results showed that our techniques increased overall throughput from 3.9 to 7.9 Gbps under certain conditions.
Short-pulsed laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics with strong electron superheating: diffusion-controlled kinetics of impact ionization and recombination
Authors: Louchev Oleg A. , Wada Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

In this work we model the diffusion-controlled kinetic mechanisms of (i) the strong electron superheating above the critical energy of impact ionization that develops within the generated skin depth when the neutral atoms deplete and (ii) recombination effects, which are involved in short-pulsed laser-induced breakdown and after-pulse relaxation in dielectrics. In the numerical simulations we use (iii) the two-temperature model modified for laser-matter interaction with dielectrics in combination with (iv) a computational approach developed for treating the auto-oscillatory dynamics of the electron energy and density induced by the onset of impact ionization during pulsed laser excitation and after-pulse relaxation.
How does it affect service delivery under the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana? Health providers and insurance managers perspective on submission and reimbursement of claims
Authors: Akweongo Patricia , Chatio Samuel Tamti , Owusu Richmond , Salari Paola , Tedisio Fabrizio , Aikins Moses 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
In 2003, the Government of Ghana launched the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to enable all Ghanaian residents to have access to health services at the point of care without financial difficulty. However, the system has faced a number of challenges relating to delays in submission and reimbursement of claims. This study assessed views of stakeholders on claims submission, processing and re-imbursement under the NHIS and how that affected health service delivery in Ghana.

Methods
The study employed qualitative methods where in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders in three administrative regions in Ghana. Purposive sampling method was used to select health facilities and study participants for the interviews. QSR Nvivo 12 software was used to code the data into themes for thematic analysis.

Results
The results point to key barriers such as lack of qualified staff to process claims, unclear vetting procedure and the failure of National Health Insurance Scheme officers to draw the attention of health facility staff to resolve discrepancies on time. Participants perceived that lack of clarity, inaccurate data and the use of non-professional staff for NHIS claims vetting prolonged reimbursement of claims. This affected operations of credentialed health facilities including the provision of health services. It is perceived that unavailability of funds led to re-use of disposable medical supplies in health service delivery in credentialed health facilities. Stakeholders suggested that submission of genuine claims by health providers and regular monitoring of health facilities reduces errors on claims reports and delays in reimbursement of claims.

Conclusion
Long delays in claims reimbursement, perceived vetting discrepancies affect health service delivery. Thus, effective collaboration of all stakeholders is necessary in order to develop a long-term strategy to address the issue under the NHIS to improve health service delivery.
An Alternative Shelving Arrangement for Natural History Collection Objects to Optimize Space and Task Efficiency
Authors: Cohen Adam E. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Casarez Melissa J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A taxonomic and alphabetic arrangement (TAA) of objects on shelves has prevailed in fluid-preserved natural history collections while they were managed by scientists for their own research. Now most collections are databased and internet-accessible to facilitate very different forms of research accomplished remotely by researchers who require less physical access to specimens. The collections staff who make those data available struggle to manage collection growth with limited space and budgets, while demands on them are increasing, necessitating task and space-efficient collection management solutions. We describe an alternative arrangement of objects based on their size and catalog number (OCA) that capitalizes on modern databases. Our partial implementation of this system facilitated pragmatic between-system comparisons of space use and staff time required for routine tasks. Our OCA allows 17% more jars to be stored in a given space than a TAA (not counting spaces left for growth), but adjusting vertical spacing of shelves could increase that to 115%. Ten of 15 staff tasks were more efficiently accomplished in the OCA section of the collection, and we propose ways to improve efficiency for three of the four tasks for which the TAA outperformed the OCA.
Practices for garment industry’s post-consumer textile waste management in the circular economy context: an analysis on literature
Authors: Dos Santos Pedro Seolin , Campos Lucila M. S. 
Published: March 2021

Goal: This study aimed to identify and describe garment’s post-consumer textile waste management practices and to analyse them according to environmental, economic and social criteria in the circular economy context.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A literature review was conducted to identify, collect and organize practices from garment’s post-consumer textile waste management and the environmental, economic and social criteria taken into account for the analysis of such practices in a circular context.
Results: There were eleven collection practices, three sorting practices, five reuse practices, and six recycling practices. Additionally, even circularity is presented as a new solution to environmental problems, those practices identified in literature are pulled mainly downstream, promoting short-term waste management approaches, while the initial production chain’s links continue to extract and use several non-renewable resources from the excessive way.
Limitations of the investigation: The limitations of a literature review of this nature is the complete reliance on the defined strings to search the previously published research and the adopted procedures to select and evaluate these studies (data base, search period, exclusion criteria)
Practical implications: For researchers and garment’s industry professionals, the identified practices should provide new solutions that could be tested in the current post-consumer textile waste management model. Moreover, this research allowed understanding the way those post-consumer textile waste management’s practices are interpreted under a circular context.
Originality/Value: there is almost no detailed study of post-consumer textile waste management’s practices. Furthermore, it is very rare to find those textile waste management practices related in a circular context.
Antecedent treat-and-release diagnoses prior to sepsis hospitalization among adult emergency department patients: a look-back analysis employing insurance claims data using Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) methodology
Authors: Nassery Najlla , Horberg Michael A. , Rubenstein Kevin B. , Certa Julia M. , Watson Eric , Somasundaram Brinda , Shamim Ejaz , Townsend Jennifer L. , Galiatsatos Panagis , Pitts Samantha I. , Hassoon Ahmed , Newman-Toker David E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify delays in early pre-sepsis diagnosis in emergency departments (ED) using the Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) approach.

Methods
SPADE methodology was employed using electronic health record and claims data from Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States (KPMAS). Study cohort included KPMAS members ≥18 years with ≥1 sepsis hospitalization 1/1/2013–12/31/2018. A look-back analysis identified treat-and-release ED visits in the month prior to sepsis hospitalizations. Top 20 diagnoses associated with these ED visits were identified; two diagnosis categories were distinguished as being linked to downstream sepsis hospitalizations. Observed-to-expected (O:E) and temporal analyses were performed to validate the symptom selection; results were contrasted to a comparison group. Demographics of patients that did and did not experience sepsis misdiagnosis were compared.

Results
There were 3,468 sepsis hospitalizations during the study period and 766 treat-and-release ED visits in the month prior to hospitalization. Patients discharged from the ED with fluid and electrolyte disorders (FED) and altered mental status (AMS) were most likely to have downstream sepsis hospitalizations (O:E ratios of 2.66 and 2.82, respectively). Temporal analyses revealed that these symptoms were overrepresented and temporally clustered close to the hospitalization date. Approximately 2% of sepsis hospitalizations were associated with prior FED or AMS ED visits.

Conclusions
Treat-and-release ED encounters for FED and AMS may represent harbingers for downstream sepsis hospitalizations. The SPADE approach can be used to develop performance measures that identify pre-sepsis.