bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Learning on Mannequins to Practicing on Patients: Nursing Students' First-Time Experience of Clinical Placement in Jordan
Authors: Mahasneh Deema , Shoqirat Noordeen , Alsaraireh Arwa , Singh Charleen , Thorpe Lee 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Although clinical nursing placement is an indispensable component of student nurses' education, data on students' first clinical experiences is scarce in developing countries. Objectives The study aim is to uncover nursing students' first-time clinical placement experience and identify related influencing factors in Jordan. Methods: Focus group discussions (n=4) were used. Results The results showed that the transition from learning with mannequins to practicing on real patients in the clinical placement involved both effective learnings through hands-on practice to dealing with clinical challenges. Students perception of nursing ranged from positive comments such as “humanistic” and “nursing almost medicine” to negative images such as “nursing is all about bedside care” and “nursing has poor social status.” Conclusion Students' experience in their first clinical placement is multifaceted, and incorporation of student's perspective in the first clinical placement is a crucial component of educational planning.
Triple Whammy: Concurrent High-Altitude Exposure and COVID-19 Infection Presenting With STEMI
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev , Prasad Krishna , Vemuri Krishna Santosh , Kumar Rohit Manoj 
Published: March 2021

Background: High altitude is associated with altered cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood physiology which can lead to various cardiovascular complications. The world is now facing grave pandemic of COVID-19, which has affected all regions of the world including high-altitude regions. Management of COVID-19 infection along with a medical emergency like acute coronary syndrome at high altitude is extremely challenging. Case Presentation: We present a 57-year-old paramilitary officer, acclimatized to high altitude who developed sore throat, fever, and cough while he was posted at an altitude of 3,500 m. Evaluation revealed positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19; hence, he was managed in isolation ward with symptomatic therapy. During the hospital stay, he developed anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) for which he underwent thrombolysis with Tenecteplase. He underwent air evacuation to a tertiary care center located at an altitude of 320 m. Three days later, his repeat RT-PCR was negative. However, he complained of angina at rest; hence, he underwent coronary angiography which revealed significant mid-left anterior descending artery disease for which percutaneous coronary intervention was done successfully. Patient was discharged on optimal medical management, and on follow-up at 1 month he remained asymptomatic. Conclusion: This case highlights the deleterious effects of high altitude on cardiovascular system which can get worsened by COVID-19 infection. In patients suffering triple whammy of high-altitude exposure, COVID-19 infection and STEMI, multipronged approach involving timely medical management, rapid evacuation, and necessary intervention can provide optimal clinical outcomes.
Mouse multipotent progenitor 5 cells are located at the interphase between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Sommerkamp Pia , Romero-Mulero Mari Carmen , Narr Andreas , Ladel Luisa , Hustin Lucie , Schönberger Katharina , Renders Simon , Altamura Sandro , Zeisberger Petra , Jäcklein Karin , Klimmeck Daniel , Rodriguez-Fraticelli Alejo , Camargo Fernando D. , Perié Leïla , Trumpp Andreas , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and distinct multipotent progenitor (MPP) populations (MPP1-4) contained within the Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) compartment have previously been identified using diverse surface-marker panels. Here, we phenotypically define and functionally characterize MPP5 (LSK CD34+CD135−CD48−CD150−). Upon transplantation, MPP5 supports initial emergency myelopoiesis followed by stable contribution to the lymphoid lineage. MPP5, capable of generating MPP1-4 but not HSCs, represents a dynamic and versatile component of the MPP network. To characterize all hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to identify specific transcriptomic landscapes of HSCs and MPP1-5. This was complemented by single-cell RNA-seq analysis of LSK cells to establish the differentiation trajectories from HSCs to MPP1-5. In agreement with functional reconstitution activity, MPP5 is located immediately downstream of HSCs but upstream of the more committed MPP2-4. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the LSK compartment, focusing on the functional and molecular characteristics of the newly defined MPP5 subset.
Phylogeography and population genetic structure of red muntjacs: evidence of enigmatic Himalayan red muntjac from India
Authors: Singh Bhim , Kumar Ajit , Uniyal Virendra Prasad , Gupta Sandeep Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying factors shaping population genetic structure across continuous landscapes in the context of biogeographic boundaries for lineage diversification has been a challenging goal. The red muntjacs cover a wide range across multiple vegetation types, making the group an excellent model to study South and Southeast Asian biogeography. Therefore, we analysed mitogenomes and microsatellite loci, confirming the number of red muntjac lineages from India, gaining insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeography of red muntjacs.ResultsOur results indicated the Northwestern population of red muntjac or the Himalayan red muntjac (M. aureus) in India as genetically diverse and well-structured, with significant genetic differentiation implying a low level of gene flow. The phylogenetic, population genetic structure, as well as species delimitation analyses, confirm the presence of the lineage from Western Himalayan in addition to the previously identified red muntjac lineages. Relatively low genetic diversity was observed inM. aureuscompared toM. vaginalis,M. malabaricusandM. muntjak.TheM. aureusandM. vaginalislineages have split during the late Pleistocene, ~ 1.01 million years ago (Mya), makingM. aureusthe youngest lineage; whereas,M. malabaricussplit earlier, ~ 2.2 Mya and appeared as the oldest lineage among red muntjacs.ConclusionsPronounced climate fluctuations during the Quaternary period were pivotal in influencing the current spatial distribution of forest-dwelling species’ restriction to Northwestern India. Our finding confirms the distinct Himalayan red muntjac (M. aureus) within the red muntjac group from Northwestern India that should be managed as an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). We recommend a reassessment of the conservation status of red muntjacs for effective conservation and management.
Phytohormone and integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analyses and differentiation of male between hermaphroditic floral buds of andromonoecious Diospyros kaki Thunb
Authors: Li Huawei , Wang Liyuan , Mai Yini , Han Weijuan , Suo Yujing , Diao Songfeng , Sun Peng , Fu Jianmin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersimmon (Diospyros kakiThunb.) has various labile sex types, and studying its sex differentiation can improve breeding efficiency. However, studies on sexual regulation patterns in persimmon have focused mainly on monoecy and dioecy, whereas little research has been published on andromonoecy. In order to reveal the sex differentiation regulation mechanism of andromonoecious persimmon, we performed histological and cytological observations, evaluatedOGIandMeGIexpression and conducted phytohormones assays and mRNA and small RNA transcriptome analyses of the male and hermaphroditic floral buds of the andromonoecious persimmon ‘Longyanyeshi 1’.ResultsStages 2 and 4 were identified as the critical morphological periods for sex differentiation of ‘Longyanyeshi 1’ by histological and cytological observation. At both stages,OGIwas differentially expressed in male and hermaphroditic buds, butMeGIwas not. This was different from their expressions in dioecious and monoecious persimmons. Meantime, the results of phytohormones assays showed that high IAA, ABA, GA3, and JA levels at stage 2 may have promoted male floral bud differentiation. However, high JA levels at stage 4 and high ZT levels at stages 2 and 4 may have promoted hermaphroditic floral bud differentiation. In these phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, 52 and 54 differential expression genes (includingAux/IAA,ARFs,DELLA,AHP,A-ARR,B-ARR,CYP735A,CRE1,PP2C,JAZ,MYC2,COI1,CTR1,SIMKK,ACO,andMPK6) were identified, respectively. During the development of male floral buds, five metacaspases genes may have been involved in pistil abortion. In addition,MYB,FAR1,bHLH, WRKY,andMADStranscription factors might play important roles in persimmon floral bud sex differentiation. Noteworthy, miR169v_1, miR169e_3, miR319_1, and miR319 were predicted to contribute to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and floral organogenesis and may also regulate floral bud sex differentiation.ConclusionThe present study revealed the differences in morphology and phytohormones content between male and hermaphroditic floral buds of ‘Longyanyeshi 1’ during the process of sex differentiation, and identified a subset of candidate genes and miRNAs putatively associated with its sex differentiation. These findings can provide a foundation for molecular regulatory mechanism researching on andromonoecious persimmon.
A genome-scale CRISPR interference guide library enables comprehensive phenotypic profiling in yeast
Authors: McGlincy Nicholas J. , Meacham Zuriah A. , Reynaud Kendra K. , Muller Ryan , Baum Rachel , Ingolia Nicholas T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transcriptional interference (CRISPRi) enables programmable gene knock-down, yielding loss-of-function phenotypes for nearly any gene. Effective, inducible CRISPRi has been demonstrated in budding yeast, and genome-scale guide libraries enable systematic, genome-wide genetic analysis.

Results
We present a comprehensive yeast CRISPRi library, based on empirical design rules, containing 10 distinct guides for most genes. Competitive growth after pooled transformation revealed strong fitness defects for most essential genes, verifying that the library provides comprehensive genome coverage. We used the relative growth defects caused by different guides targeting essential genes to further refine yeast CRISPRi design rules. In order to obtain more accurate and robust guide abundance measurements in pooled screens, we link guides with random nucleotide barcodes and carry out linear amplification by in vitro transcription.

Conclusions
Taken together, we demonstrate a broadly useful platform for comprehensive, high-precision CRISPRi screening in yeast.
A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch
Authors: Vilperte Vinicius , Boehm Robert , Debener Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding programs to obtaining a range of colours, with nearly all pink and white varieties being obtained after γ- or X-ray mutagenesis of red varieties. In the present study we performed a thorough characterization of a potential mutagenesis target gene as the main responsible for the ‘white paradox’ in poinsettia.ResultsWe identified aGSTgene in poinsettia (Bract1) as an essential factor for the expression of anthocyanin-based red colouration of bracts, which presents a high phylogenetic similarity to known anthocyanin-related GSTs. Red poinsettia varieties and white mutants generated from these varieties by X-ray were analysed for polymorphisms related to the ‘white paradox’ in the species. A 4 bp mutation in a short repeat within the coding region ofBract1is most likely responsible for the appearance of white phenotypes upon irradiation treatment. The polymorphism between wild-type and mutant alleles co-segregates with the phenotype in progeny from heterozygous red and white parents. Moreover, overexpression ofBract1wild-type allele in Arabidopsistt19mutants restored the anthocyanin phenotype, while theBract1mutated allele showed to be non-functional.ConclusionsThe identified repeat seems to be highly unstable, since mutated plants can be easily detected among fewer than 200 shoots derived from 10 mutated plants. Our data indicate that particular short repeat sequences, similar to microsatellite sequences or so-called dynamic mutations, might be hot spots for genetic variability. Moreover, the identification of theBract1mutation fills a gap on the understanding on the molecular mechanism of colour formation in poinsettia.
Similar effects as shade tolerance induced by dust accumulation and size penetration of particulates on cotton leaves
Authors: Li Li , Mu Guijin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Dust accumulation covers the leaf’s surface and influences foliar physiological activity. Two independent experiments were carried out to instigate the foliar responses to dust accumulation and the penetration limitation of small dust particles (< 1 μm) on the foliar surface, respectively. In experiment I, three dust accumulation intensities were achieved by a dust spraying treatment. Photosynthesis CO2 exchange and fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient were measured, as well as chlorophyll contents and leaf thickness. In experiment II, the penetration limits of small particulates on the leaf surface were examined by feeding nano-fluorescent microspheres.

Results
Dust accumulation alleviated the photoinhibition of Photosystem II and decreased photosynthesis, as represented by net photosynthetic rates (PN) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs). Photosynthetic response curves between net photosynthetic rate (PN) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) showed that heavy dust accumulation (34.98 ± 2.6 mg cm− 2) increased the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) and decreased photosynthesis rates under saturating light (PNmax). Leaves became thin due to the lack of a palisade layer while chlorophyll content increased under dust accumulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed that the larger particles (1 μm) distributed in the regions below the stomata and the smaller ones (0.1 μm) were detected in the wider areas below stomata.

Conclusions
These results suggested that dust accumulation induced similar effects as shade tolerance in cotton leaves but did not trigger more photochemical acclimation to low light. Dust particles (< 1 μm) penetrated leaf surface through stomata.
Chinese patients’ clinical and psychosocial outcomes in the 6 months following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liu Xia , Fowokan Adeleke , Grace Sherry L. , Ding Biao , Meng Shu , Chen Xiu , Xia Yinghua , Zhang Yaqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In China, there has been a precipitous increase in the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) conducted. We sought to characterize the clinical and psychosocial trajectory of PCI patients from the time of procedure through 6 months post, and correlates of adverse cardiovascular events (ACEs).

Methods
In this prospective, observational study, patients from 2 hospitals in Shanghai, China were assessed. At follow-up visits at 1, 3 and 6 months post-PCI, clinical indicators were again extracted from patients’ clinical records, including ACEs, and they completed validated surveys assessing self-management, as well as psychosocial indicators (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; quality of life [QoL]: SF-12, Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ]). Repeated measures analysis of variance, adjusted for Barthel index and PCI indication, was used to assess change over time in risk factors and psychosocial indicators. Logistic regression was used to explore correlates of ACEs.

Results
610 participants (mean age = 63.3; n = 150, 18.2% female) were recruited, of which 491 (80.5%) were retained at 6 months. 82 (16.7%) had an ACE at any time point, including most commonly angina and stroke (only 1 death). Clinical indicators such as blood pressure (p < 0.031 for both), symptom burden (p < .01 on all subscales) and QoL (p < 0.001 for both, but started quite low) improved over 6 months. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were above threshold, and the latter worsened over time (p < 0.001). With adjustment for age and indication, patients with any ACEs had higher sleep latency (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–2.10]), and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02–1.41), but lower anxiety (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.67–0.93) compared to those without.

Conclusion
Centers may wish to re-visit patient selection criteria and processes for PCI, as well as implement mental health screening and treatment protocols, as can be achieved through cardiac rehabilitation, given how hazardous psychosocial distress is in this population.
High prevalence of dyslipidaemia subtypes and their associated personal and clinical attributes in Malaysian adults: the REDISCOVER study
Authors: Mohamed-Yassin Mohamed-Syarif , Baharudin Noorhida , Daher Aqil Mohammad , Abu Bakar Najmin , Ramli Anis Safura , Abdul-Razak Suraya , Mohamed Noor Khan Nor-Ashikin , Mohamad Mariam , Yusoff Khalid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Dyslipidaemia refers to lipid abnormalities consisting of either one or any combination of the following: elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), elevated triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia is steadily increasing in Malaysia. However, data on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia subtypes among Malaysians are lacking. This is important as it may have implications for preventive and management strategies for this increasing public health challenge. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of dyslipidaemia subtypes and their associated personal and clinical attributes in Malaysians.

Methods
REDISCOVER, a prospective study, enrolled 11,288 adults where sociodemographic data, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, fasting lipid profile and glucose, and history of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were obtained. The cross-sectional analytic sample presented in this article comprised 10,482 participants from baseline recruitment. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The overall prevalence of elevated TC, elevated LDL-c, elevated TG, low HDL-c, and elevated non-HDL-c were 64.0% (95% CI 63.0–65.0), 56.7% (CI 55.7–57.7), 37.4% (CI 36.5–38.4), 36.2% (CI 35.2–37.1), and 56.2% (CI 55.3–57.2), respectively. Overweight, obesity, and central obesity were highly prevalent and significantly associated with elevated TC and all dyslipidaemia subtypes. Older age was associated with elevated TC, elevated LDL-c and elevated non-HDL-c. Hypertension was associated with elevated TC, elevated TG, and elevated non-HDL-c, while diabetes was associated with elevated TG and low HDL-c.

Conclusions
Elevated TC and all dyslipidaemia subtypes are highly prevalent in Malaysia where increased body mass seems the main driver. Differences in the prevalence and associated personal and clinical attributes may facilitate specific preventive and management strategies.
The association of women’s birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study
Authors: Sandvei Marie S. , Opdahl Signe , Valla Marit , Lagiou Pagona , Vesterfjell Ellen Veronika , Rise Tor Vikan , Overrein Tina Syvertsen , Skjervold Anette H. , Engstrøm Monica J. , Bofin Anna M. , Vatten Lars J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes.

Methods
A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height.

Results
Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median).

Conclusion
We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.
Post treatment quality of life among Sri Lankan women with breast cancer
Authors: Jayasinghe Ravindri , Fernando Ashan , Jayarajah Umesh , Seneviratne Sanjeewa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer and its treatment imposes a significant effect in the quality of life (QOL) of women. Being a developing country with contrasting social and cultural norms to the West, Sri Lankan women may have a different experience on QOL following surgical treatment of breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate post-treatment QOL in breast cancer patients and to determine its association with the type of surgery.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out. Fifty four women with non-metastatic breast cancer who underwent surgery for breast cancer at the Professorial Surgical Unit, Colombo during 2015–2018 and completed a minimum of one year follow up after surgery were invited to participate. Fifty-four women who responded were assessed using the validated EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results
The mean age was 59 years (range 36–81). A majority (61%, n = 35) underwent mastectomy and the rest (n = 19, 45%) breast conservation surgery (BCS). The mean QLQ-C30 score was 68.8 (range 8.3–100) and the mean scores for physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, and social function were 71.4, 81.5, 77.0, 80.2, and 86.4, respectively. The mean scores for body image, sexual functioning, sexual enjoyment, future perspective, systemic therapy, breast symptoms, arm symptoms, and hair loss assessed by the QLQ-BR23 were 76.4, 18.3, 33.3, 73.6, 30.5, 16.2, 23.4 and 32.7, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted in global health status, physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function and social function between BCS and mastectomy. QLQ-BR23 body image, sexual functioning, sexual enjoyment and future perspective also did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusions
Sexual functioning and enjoyment, breast and arm symptoms and hair loss contributed to poor QOL while the impact on global health status including physical, social and emotional functions were minimal. Type of surgery did not appear to be associated with QOL. Future studies with a larger sample sizes will be helpful to further study these factors.