bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEPSI ZAKAT SEBAGAI PEMECAHAN PROBLEMATIKA SOSIAL
Authors: Lutfiana Lina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to describe zakat concept is a solution to the social problems in Indonesia. Zakat can improving people's welfare. In this paper want to explain zakat concept to social problem solution in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country with a large Muslim population with a population of 209.12 million. This is zakat in Indonesia is very potential. By using a study of literature (literature research), the author analyzes zakat concept is solution to the social problems in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the existence of zakat is to be managed and maximized properly, in order to solve the social problems in Indonesia. In addition, zakat is also a means of welfare for the people. So, creating a prosperous society and the realization of equality within the Indonesian state.
Keywords: Zakat, Muslim, Social Problems, Poverty

Abstrak
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsepi zakat sebagai pemecahan problematika sosial di Indonesia. Zakat dapat menjadi sarana dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat. Seringkali timbul problematika sosial yang disebabkan karena kemiskinan. Untuk itu dalam paper ini akan dibahas konsepsi zakat dalam memecahkan problematika sosial. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk muslim yang besar dengan jumlah penduduk 209,12 juta jiwa. Dengan begitu, zakat di Indonesia sangat potensial keberadaannya. Dengan menggunakan studi literatur (literature research), penulis mendeskripsikan studi konsepsi zakat sebagai pemecahan problematika sosial di Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan zakat sudah saatnya untuk dikelola dan dimaksimalkan dengan baik, demi terpecahkannya permasalahan sosial yang terjadi di Indonesia. Selain itu, zakat juga menjadi sarana menyejahterakan umat. Sehingga terciptalah masyarakat yang sejahtera dan terwujudnya pemerataan di lingkungan negara Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Zakat, Umat Islam, Masalah Sosial, Kemiskinan
Does digitalization boost companies‘ new product launch success?
Authors: Salmen Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Digitalization and new product launch are two important topics which have been proved to have large input on companies’ success. Digitalization, because it can boost productivity, diminishes cost and raises effectiveness. New product launch, because innovation success guarantees high product margins and helps to avoid existence-threatening price competition in commoditized product markets. However, regarding shorter product life cycles, the ability to innovate and launch new products successfully, becomes an evident driver of companies’ success. Can digitalization with its described effects help to raise new product launch success? Are companies who obtain a higher level of digitalization degree, more successful concerning new product launch results? Although this question is a relevant topic to marketing and strategic management, there has not been research on that topic. Thus, research on that subject would close a relevant gap in science. In that sense, the objective of this article is to reveal the link between digitalization and new product launch success.This question is highly relevant before the background of the fourth industrial revolution, driven by the digitalization of business. Nevertheless, this specific question has never been asked. Also, no construct exists which allows to operationalize and measure the amount of the digitalization degree related to those digitalization measures that are relevant for new product success (= the relevant digitalization degree). This study is a first attempt to open the new field of links between digitalization and new product success. Therefore, the correlation between new product launch success and digitalization degree of German B2B traders has been inspected on the basis of an empirical survey.
A Conversation with Christopher Bigsby
Authors: Dominik Interviewed by Jane K. 
Published: April 2021

abstract
Christopher Bigsby, professor emeritus at the University of East Anglia and renowned Arthur Miller and drama scholar, was interviewed by Jane K. Dominik on 22 September 2020. His illustrious career includes prolific scholarly and critical writing totaling more than fifty books, teaching, hundreds of writer interviews, program presentations for the BBC, work for the British Council, keynote addresses, theater reviews, program notes, ten novels, the development of a study abroad program, and the establishment of the Arthur Miller Centre at UEA. He has received numerous awards for his writing and teaching, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Society of the Arts. The extensive interview highlights his education and journey to drama, his relationship with Miller, his perspectives on theater and his own critical work, the current state of research in American drama, his creative writing, and his concerns for the future of theater.
Reações da notícia do diagnóstico da síndrome de Down na percepção paterna
Authors: Bianchi Bruna , Spinazola Cariza De Cássia , Galvani Márcia Duarte 
Published: April 2021

O nascimento de uma criança faz parte do ciclo de vida de uma família. Desde a sua concepção, a criança já é fruto de uma série de expectativas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar as reações dos pais de crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) diante da notícia do diagnóstico da síndrome e os apoios recebidos para os cuidados do (a) filho (a). O delineamento da presente pesquisa foi de abordagem mista, de cunho descritivo. Foi utilizado para coleta dos dados: um roteiro semiestruturado de Entrevista de caracterização paterna. Participaram da pesquisa 10 pais (homens) de crianças diagnosticadas com SD na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos de idade. O contato com os pais ocorreu por meio de um Instituto de convivência de pessoas com SD em uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados com os pais ocorreu nas dependências do Instituto ou na residência dos próprios participantes. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo com a categorização dos dados qualitativos das entrevistas. Os resultados apontaram que no quesito maneira como a notícia da SD foi dada, a maioria dos pais recebeu a notícia após o nascimento da criança. Em relação a mudanças na maneira como receberam a notícia, dois pais relataram que poderia ser diferente, os médicos poderiam ser mais sutis. Para o apoio para cuidados, nota-se que parte dos pais recebeu apoio pessoal e financeiro para os cuidados dos filhos. O estudo mostrou que o momento da notícia precisa ser reavaliado pelos profissionais, e que as intervenções devem focar nas crianças e nas famílias.
Treinamento de consciência fonológica para pessoas com necessidade educacionais especiais no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ferreira Layse Maria dos Santos , Bandini Carmen Silvia Motta , Bandini Heloisa Helena Motta 
Published: April 2021

O desempenho dos alunos brasileiros em leitura e escrita, tanto com desenvolvimento típico, quanto atípico, está muito abaixo do esperado e diferentes fatores vêm sendo levantados como causa para esse fracasso. Dos fatores em questão, dois vêm sendo debatidos: 1) alguns alunos necessitam de condições educacionais especiais não oferecidas nas escolas, por apresentarem transtornos do desenvolvimento, alterações neurológicas, deficiência auditiva ou síndromes que afetam a capacidade de aprendizagem e 2) a metodologia adotada pelas escolas não leva em consideração que as habilidades de consciência fonológica (CF), instrução fônica, vocabulário e memória operacional são essenciais para o processo de alfabetização. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo mapear e analisar as pesquisas interventivas que visavam ensinar CF para pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais, realizadas no Brasil. Como resultado, integraram essa revisão 27 estudos publicados de 2007 a 2018, sendo que 13 realizaram intervenções com indivíduos com dificuldade de aprendizagem, 4 com deficiência intelectual, 2 com dislexia, 2 com paralisia cerebral, 3 com Síndrome de Down, 1 com Síndrome de Down concomitante a síndrome de Willams, 1 com crianças surdas e 1 deficientes auditivas. Como pode ser visto, poucos foram os estudos encontrados se considerada a variedade de características das populações estudadas e a demanda de programas de pós-graduação nas áreas de educação, ensino e psicologia existentes no país.
Adaptação curricular no Ensino de Ciências: reflexões de professores de escolas inclusivas
Authors: Bereta Mônica Silveira , Geller Marlise 
Published: April 2021

Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um crescente aumento no número de matrículas de estudantes com deficiência, principalmente nas escolas públicas regulares de todo o Brasil. Esses alunos têm seus direitos assegurados por lei, devendo ter acesso à escola com uma educação de qualidade juntamente com seus colegas. Sustentada neste entendimento, o presente artigo é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado desenvolvida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, que objetivou refletir sobre a adaptação curricular no ensino de Ciências, na perspectiva da educação inclusiva. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como proposta um curso a professores que ensinam Ciências no município de Gravataí-RS e os dados, que emergiram da interação dos participantes ao longo do curso, foram analisados inspirados nas premissas da análise descritiva interpretativa. A pesquisa aponta indícios de que dentro da proposta de uma escola inclusiva, a adaptação curricular é uma estratégia importante para que os estudantes tenham acesso aos conhecimentos científicos. Entretanto, os professores necessitam aprofundar discussões sobre a temática para realizar ajustes nos conteúdos do currículo.
Mad by the Millions
Authors: Wu Harry Yi-Jui 
Published: April 2021

The World Health Organization's post–World War II work on the epidemiology and classification of mental disorders and its vision of a “world psyche.”
In 1948, the World Health Organization began to prepare its social psychiatry project, which aimed to discover the epidemiology and arrive at a classification of mental disorders. In Mad by the Millions, Harry Y-Jui Wu examines the WHO's ambitious project, arguing that it was shaped by the postwar faith in technology and expertise and the universalizing vision of a “world psyche.” Wu shows that the WHO's idealized scientific internationalism laid the foundations for today's highly metricalized global mental health system.
Examining the interactions between the WHO and developing countries, Wu offers an analysis of the “transnationality” of mental health. He examines knowledge-sharing between the organization and African and Latin American collaborators, and looks in detail at the WHO's selection of a Taiwanese scientist, Tsung-yi Lin, to be its medical officer and head of the social psychiatry project. He discusses scientists' pursuit of standardization—not only to synchronize sectors in the organization but also to produce a common language of psychiatry—and how technological advances supported this. Wu considers why the optimism and idealism of the social psychiatry project turned to dissatisfaction, reappraising the WHO's early knowledge production modality through the concept of an “export processing zone.” Finally, he looks at the WHO's project in light of current debates over psychiatry and global mental health, as scientists shift their concerns from the creation of universal metrics to the importance of local matrixes.
Influence of Foliar Application of Compost tea on Growth, Yield and Quality of Soybean [Glycine max (L)]
Authors: Shrinivas N. , Vaidya P. H. , Gourkhede P. H. 
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of the year 2016-17 with soybean variety MAUS -71 as test crop in Vertisol. With three replication and eight treatments viz,T1 - Control (RDF 100%), T2-100% RDF + Water spray, T3 - RDF + Compost tea @ 10% foliar spray, T4 - RDF + Compost tea @ 15% foliar spray, T5-RDF + Compost tea @ 20% foliar spray, T6 - RDF + Compost tea @ 25% foliar spray, T7 - RDF + Compost tea @ 50% foliar spray,T8 - RDF + Compost tea @ 75% foliar spray. The results revealed that Among the different doses of foliar application of compost tea with RDF,” application of RDF + compost tea @ 50% foliar spray significantly superior growth attributes viz. plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, dry matter and minimum growth attributes were observed in the control treatment at flowering, pod development and harvest stage. Maximum yield of soybean (2050.0 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of RDF + Compost tea @ 50% foliar spray. The quality of soybean grain improved due to application of T7 - RDF+ compost tea @ 50% foliar spray which recorded higher values of oil content (19.90%) protein content (31.44%) and protein yield (644.29 kg ha-1).This indicated that the application of 30:60:30 kg ha-1 N : P2O5 : K2O with foliar application of compost tea @ 50 percent (30,45,60 DAS) to soybean was found beneficial for increase in growth, yield and quality of soybean.
Manufacturing strategy, business strategy and firm performance in a mature industry
Authors: Williams Fredrik P. , D'Souza Derrick E. , Rosenfeldt Martin E. , Kassaee Massoud 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis research investigates the relationship between manufacturing strategy, business strategy and firm performance in a mature industry. Past research is synthesized, and a parsimonious conceptual framework is developed. The framework is then tested on a sample of 85 firms in the broadwoven fabric industry (SIC 2211). The results show a significant relationship between the business strategy and the manufacturing strategy of the firm. They support the argument found in the literature that functional level strategies should support business level strategies. A significant relationship was also found between manufacturing strategy and performance of the firm. In particular, the manufacturing function's quality assurance process and its ability to deliver a quality product/service were found to correlate significantly with firm performance. Implications of the findings are discussed.
From abandoned warehouse to life‐saving facility, Pakro, Ghana
Authors: Senah K.A , Richardson D , Kwofie G , Wilson J.B , Collison A.H , Tinkorang E.K ,   (The Accra PMM Team)
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Focus group discussions in Akwapim South District, Ghana, highlighted a lack of accessible health facilities as an important factor contributing to maternal deaths. Interventions: In 1991, a health center was established by renovating an abandoned warehouse. The center was equipped with beds, a refrigerator, a safe water supply, drugs and supplies. With the posting of a community health nurse from the Ministry of Health (MOH), it began functioning as a maternal and child health/family planning clinic. A senior nurse–midwife was posted in 1992 and obstetric services were offered. Starting in 1994, community interventions focused on reducing the delay in seeking care. Results: An average of nine women with major obstetric complications were seen each 12‐month period between 1992 and 1995. Many minor complications and non‐obstetric ailments were also treated. Costs: The material costs of establishing the health center amounted to US $12 550: 47% came from the community, 43% came from non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), 7% from PMM and 3% from MOH. The costs of staff salaries were paid by MOH. Conclusions: It is possible to mobilize communities, government and NGOs to help provide emergency obstetric services. If emergency obstetric services are available, women will use them, even before the launching of community information and education campaigns. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
A re‐examination of international seasonalities
Authors: Alford Alan , Guffey Daryl M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrevious studies argue that market returns in the United States are higher in January than in the other months. Other studies corroborate this seasonality for other markets. This study reconsiders those conclusions by controlling for the numeraire used, the definition of returns, changes in the levels of segmentation, and the length over which seasonal returns are sought. We find that the results are sensitive to each of these factors. Finally, these results are sensitive to the statistical tests employed.
Poly‐Adenine‐Based Spherical Nucleic Acids for Efficient Live‐Cell MicroRNA Capture
Authors: Jiao Kai , Yan Qinglong , Guo Linjie , Qu Zhibei , Cao Shuting , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Qian , Zhu Ying , Li Jiang , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai , Wang Fei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDirect delivery of exogenous non‐coding nucleic acids into living cells has attracted intense interest in biological applications. However, the cell entry efficiency and target capture ability remain to be improved. Herein, we report a method for compartmenting the nucleic acids on the surface of poly‐adenine‐based spherical nucleic acids (polyA‐SNAs) for efficient capture of oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) in living cells. We find that polyA‐SNAs exhibit high cell entry efficiency, which is insensitive to the configuration of the anti‐miRNA sequences. By programming the length of polyAs, we precisely engineered the spatial configuration of the anti‐miRNA sequences in polyA‐SNAs. Compartmentalized polyA‐SNAs bind to miRNAs with improved capture ability as compared to densely compacted SNAs. We further demonstrate that polyA‐SNAs serve as high‐efficacy miRNA sponges for capturing oncogenic miRNAs both in living cells and in mice. The efficient inhibition of miRNAs results in significant suppression of tumor growth.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Imidazopyrazinone Derivatives as Antagonists of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs)
Authors: Kim Jisook , Bae Inhwan , Song Jiyoung , Kim Younghoon , Ahn Younggil , Park Hyun‐Ju , Kim Ha Hyung , Kim Dae Kyong 
Published: April 2021

Apoptosis inhibitor (IAP) proteins are overexpressed in many cancers and implicated in tumor growth, so the development of antagonist that disrupts with the binding of IAP to their partner protein is a promising therapeutic strategy. In an effort to increase cellular activity and improve favorable drug‐like properties, we newly designed and synthesized monovalent analogues based on imidazopyrazinone structure of 9. Optimization of cellular potency led to the identification of 17, which showed increase of submicromolar activity (GI50 = 234 nM) and caspase‐3 activation (6.3‐fold) in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. These findings clearly show the potential for 17 as a promising monovalent antagonist for the development of an effective anticancer treatment.
Ni‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Sulfoxides
Authors: Huang Mingming , Wu Zhu , Krebs Johannes , Friedrich Alexandra , Luo Xiaoling , Westcott Stephen A. , Radius Udo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA nickel/N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic system has been developed for the borylation of aryl sulfoxides with B2(neop)2 (neop=neopentyl glycolato). A wide range of aryl sulfoxides with different electronic and steric properties were converted into the corresponding arylboronic esters in good yields. The regioselective borylation of unsymmetric diaryl sulfoxides was also feasible leading to borylation of the sterically less encumbered aryl substituent. Competition experiments demonstrated that an electron‐deficient aryl moiety reacts preferentially. The origin of the selectivity in the Ni‐catalyzed borylation of electronically biased unsymmetrical diaryl sulfoxide lies in the oxidative addition step of the catalytic cycle, as oxidative addition of methoxyphenyl 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfoxide to the Ni(0) complex occurs selectively to give the structurally characterized complex trans‐[Ni(ICy)2(4‐CF3‐C6H4){(SO)‐4‐MeO‐C6H4}] 4. For complex 5, the isomer trans‐[Ni(ICy)2(C6H5)(OSC6H5)] 5‐I was structurally characterized in which the phenyl sulfinyl ligand is bound via the oxygen atom to nickel. In solution, the complex trans‐[Ni(ICy)2(C6H5)(OSC6H5)] 5‐I is in equilibrium with the S‐bonded isomer trans‐[Ni(ICy)2(C6H5)(SOC6H5)] 5, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations reveal that these isomers are separated by a mere 0.3 kJ/mol (M06/def2‐TZVP‐level of theory) and connected via a transition state trans‐[Ni(ICy)2(C6H5)(η2‐{SO}‐C6H5)], which lies only 10.8 kcal/mol above 5.
Soluble Congeners of Prior Insoluble Shape‐Persistent Imine Cages
Authors: Holsten Mattes , Feierabend Sarah , Elbert Sven M. , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the most applied reaction types to synthesize shape‐persistent organic cage compounds is the imine condensation reaction and it is assumed that the formed cages are thermodynamically controlled products due to the reversibility of the imine condensation. However, most of the synthesized imine cages reported are formed as precipitate from the reaction mixture and therefore rather may be kinetically controlled products. There are even examples in literature, where resulting cages are not soluble at all in common organic solvents to characterize or study their formation by NMR spectroscopy in solution. Here, a triptycene triamine containing three solubilizing n‐hexyloxy chains has been used to synthesize soluble congeners of prior insoluble cages. This allowed us to study the formation as well as the reversibility of cage formation in solution by investigating exchange of building blocks between the cages and deuterated derivatives thereof.
Programmed Multiple C‐H Bond Functionalization of the Privileged 4‐hydroxyquinoline Template
Authors: Ronzon Quentin , Zhang Wei , Casaretto Nicolas , Mouray Elisabeth , Florent Isabelle , Nay Bastien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe introduction of substituents on bare heterocyclic scaffolds can selectively be achieved by directed C−H functionalization. However, such methods have only occasionally been used, in an iterative manner, to decorate various positions of a medicinal scaffold to build chemical libraries. We herein report the multiple, site selective, metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of a “programmed” 4‐hydroxyquinoline. This medicinally privileged template indeed possesses multiple reactive sites for diversity‐oriented functionalization, of which four were targeted. The C‐2 and C‐8 decorations were directed by an N‐oxide, before taking benefit of an O‐carbamoyl protection at C‐4 to perform a Fries rearrangement and install a carboxamide at C‐3. This also released the carbonyl group of 4‐quinolones, the ultimate directing group to functionalize position 5. Our study highlights the power of multiple C−H functionalization to generate diversity in a biologically relevant library, after showing its strong antimalarial potential.
5,11‐Diazadibenzo[hi,qr]tetracene: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity toward Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Fujimoto Keisuke , Takimoto Satoshi , Masuda Shota , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Sanada Kazutaka , Sakamoto Masami , Takahashi Masaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract5,11‐Diazadibenzo[hi,qr]tetracene was synthesized as a new nitrogen‐substituted polycyclic heteroaromatic compound by Pd‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of an alkyne precursor followed by oxidative cyclization with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene. The substitution of imine‐type nitrogen atoms significantly enhanced its electron‐accepting character and facilitated the direct nucleophilic addition of arylamines under strongly basic conditions to afford the desired amino‐substituted products. The introduction of amino groups induced a remarkable red‐shift in their absorption spectra; the tetrasubstituted product exhibited intense near‐infrared absorbing property. Furthermore, the π‐electronic system, which includes a redox‐active 1,4‐diazabutadiene moiety, underwent reversible interconversion to its corresponding reduced form upon reduction with NaBH4 and aerobic oxidation.