bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Industry 4.0
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , Nicolescu Razvan , Huth Michael , Santos Omar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new design for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical systems. We present a survey of principles, policies, design actions and key technologies for CPS, and discusses the state of art of the technology in a qualitative perspective. First, literature published between 2010 and 2021 is reviewed, and compared with the results of a qualitative empirical study that correlates world leading Industry 4.0 frameworks. Second, the study establishes the present and future techniques for increased automation in cyber-physical systems. We present the cybersecurity requirements as they are changing with the integration of artificial intelligence and internet of things in cyber-physical systems. The grounded theory methodology is applied for analysis and modelling the connections and interdependencies between edge components and automation in cyber-physical systems. In addition, the hierarchical cascading methodology is used in combination with the taxonomic classifications, to design a new integrated framework for future cyber-physical systems. The study looks at increased automation in cyber-physical systems from a technical and social level.
The role of attitude toward chatbots and privacy concern on the relationship between attitude toward mobile advertising and behavioral intent to use chatbots
Authors: de Cosmo Lucrezia Maria , Piper Luigi , Di Vittorio Arianna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChatbots are technological tools equipped with artificial intelligence that allow companies to interact with their consumers. Through their computers or mobile devices, consumers can use this technology to search for information, make purchases or request after-sales services. This study aims to identify the role of attitude toward chatbots and privacy concern in the relationship between attitude toward mobile advertising and behavioral intent to use chatbots. After reviewing the literature, the study proposes a moderated mediation model. Through a survey, the study shows that attitude toward mobile advertising does not have a direct effect on the behavioral intent to use chatbot, but is rather mediated by one’s attitude toward chatbots. In fact, the interactivity is unidirectional in the case of mobile advertising (from the company to the consumer), but bidirectional in the case of chatbots (in which consumers have an active role in communication). In line with these assumptions, the data analysis shows that internet privacy concerns only negatively moderate the relationship between attitude toward chatbots and behavioral intent to use this technology. These results can be useful for companies and researchers in terms of developing and testing new digital marketing strategies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results’ theoretical and managerial implications.
Using a wearable camera to support everyday memory following brain injury: a single-case study
Authors: Mair Ali , Shackleton Rochelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Wearable cameras have been shown to improve memory in people with hippocampal amnesia and Alzheimer's disease. It is not known whether this benefit extends to people with amnesia of complex or uncertain origin.Method:This case study examined the effect of wearable camera use on memory and occupational performance in a patient with memory loss and complex mental health problems following a severe neurological incident. With the help of his occupational therapist (OT), Mr A used a wearable camera to record a series of eight personally significant events over a 6-week period. During visits from his OT, Mr A was asked to report what he could remember about the events, both before (baseline) and during the review of time-lapsed photographs captured automatically by the camera.Results:The results showed striking improvements in recall while reviewing the photographs, relative to baseline recall, but the additional details recalled during review did not appear to be maintained at later tests, after several days. Across the study period, there were moderate increases in occupational performance, measured using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. However, after the study period ended, Mr A ceased to use the wearable camera due to technological difficulty.Conclusion:There was a clear benefit of wearable camera use, but the real-world impact of the technology was limited by the complexity of the system. The results of the study are discussed alongside novel clinical insights and suggestions for developing wearable camera support systems that can be used independently by people with memory problems.
Health disparities and equity in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Nana-Sinkam Patrick , Kraschnewski Jennifer , Sacco Ralph , Chavez Jennifer , Fouad Mona , Gal Tamas , AuYoung Mona , Namoos Asmaa , Winn Robert , Sheppard Vanessa , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Behar-Zusman Victoria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over the last year, COVID-19 has emerged as a highly transmissible and lethal infection. As we address this global pandemic, its disproportionate impact on Black, Indigenous, and Latinx communities has served to further magnify the health inequities in access and treatment that persist in our communities. These sobering realities should serve as the impetus for reexamination of the root causes of inequities in our health system. An increased commitment to strategic partnerships between academic and nonacademic health systems, industry, local communities, and policy-makers may serve as the foundation. Here, we examine the impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic on health care inequities and propose a strategic roadmap for integration of clinical and translational research into our understanding of health inequities.
A mentor training workshop focused on fostering diversity engenders lasting impact on mentoring techniques: Results of a long-term evaluation
Authors: Johnson Mallory O. , Fuchs Jonathan D. , Sterling Lauren , Sauceda John A. , Saag Michael S. , Fernandez Alicia , Evans Clyde H. , Gandhi Monica 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Trainees and investigators from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds face unique challenges to establishing successful careers in clinical and translational research. Structured training for mentors is an important mechanism to increase the diversity of the research workforce. This article presents data from an evaluation of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Mentoring the Mentors program aimed at improving mentors’ competency in working with diverse mentees in HIV research.

Methods:
Mentors from around the USA who had in one of seven separate 2-day training workshops conducted from 2013 to 2020 were invited to participate in an online evaluation survey of their experiences with the training and their subsequent mentoring activities.

Results:
There was a high response rate (80%) among the 226 mentors invited to complete the survey. The 180 respondents were diverse in demographics, professional disciplines, and geographic distribution. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate a lasting positive impact of the training, with sustained improvements documented on a validated measure of self-appraised mentoring competency. Respondents also endorsed high interest in future, follow-up training with continued focus on topics related to mentoring in the context of diversity.

Conclusion:
The evaluation of the UCSF CFAR Mentoring the Mentors program showed lasting impact in improving mentoring practices, coupled with high interest in continued in-depth training in areas focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion.
HR flexibility and firm performance in professional service firms
Authors: Beltrán-Martín Inmaculada , Bou-Llusar Juan Carlos , Salvador-Gómez Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman resource (HR) flexibility emerges as the most critical source of flexibility for professional services firms (PSFs), given that the success of these companies depends on the knowledge, expertise and behaviors of their employees. Nonetheless, few empirical studies have analyzed the extent to which the characteristics of the workforce explain the results of this type of firm. This study attempts to advance in this line of research by analyzing the influence of HR resource flexibility dimensions (skill flexibility – SF and behavior flexibility – BF) on PSF performance. It also examines whether HR coordination flexibility (CF) strengthens the effect of SF and BF on performance. Matched data from 97 general managers and 291 professionals in a sample of Spanish PSFs is used to test the hypotheses through structural equation modeling methodology. The study demonstrates that employee BF has a significant effect on the development of new services in PSFs. The moderation model shows that HR CF increases the influence of BF on the development of new services. Contrary to what was expected, no significant relationship between SF and PSF performance was found.
A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA
Authors: Sanderson Eric W. , Fisher Kim , Peters Rob , Beckmann Jon P. , Bird Bryan , Bradley Curtis M. , Bravo Juan Carlos , Grigione Melissa M. , Hatten James R. , Lopez González Carlos A. , Menke Kurt , Miller Jennifer R. B. , Miller Philip S. , Mormorunni Cristina , Robinson Michael J. , Thomas Robert E. , Wilcox Sharon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.
Comparison of social cognition using an adapted Chinese version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in drug-naive and regularly medicated individuals with chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls in rural China
Authors: Deng Fei , Phillips Michael R. , Cai Bing , Yu Gary , Qian Min , Grivel Margaux M.R. , Chen Hanhui , Ouyang Xinyi , Xue Fang , Zhao Mingru , Kegeles Lawrence S. , Susser Ezra S. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Stone William S. , Yang Lawrence H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial cognition has not previously been assessed in treatment-naive patients with chronic schizophrenia, in patients over 60 years of age, or in patients with less than 5 years of schooling.MethodsWe revised a commonly used measure of social cognition, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), by expanding the instructions, using both self-completion and interviewer-completion versions (for illiterate respondents), and classifying each test administration as ‘successfully completed’ or ‘incomplete’. The revised instrument (RMET-CV-R) was administered to 233 treatment-naive patients with chronic schizophrenia (UT), 154 treated controls with chronic schizophrenia (TC), and 259 healthy controls (HC) from rural communities in China.ResultsIn bivariate and multivariate analyses, successful completion rates and RMET-CV-R scores (percent correct judgments about emotion exhibited in 70 presented slides) were highest in HC, intermediate in TC, and lowest in UT (adjusted completion rates, 97.0, 72.4, and 49.9%, respectively; adjusted RMET-CV-R scores, 45.4, 38.5, and 34.6%, respectively; all p < 0.02). Stratified analyses by the method of administration (self-completed v. interviewer-completed) and by education and age (‘educated-younger’ v. ‘undereducated-older’) show the same relationship between groups (i.e. NC>TC>UT), though not all differences remain statistically significant.ConclusionsWe find poorer social cognition in treatment-naive than in treated patients with chronic schizophrenia. The discriminant validity of RMET-CV-R in undereducated, older patients demonstrates the feasibility of administering revised versions of RMET to patients who may otherwise be considered ineligible due to education or age by changing the method of test administration and carefully assessing respondents' ability to complete the task successfully.
Intrauterine testosterone exposure and depression risk in opposite-sex and same-sex twins, a Danish register study
Authors: Vinberg M. , Wium-Andersen M. K. , Wium-Andersen I. K. , Jørgensen M. B. , Christensen K. , Osler M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMales have a lower prevalence of depression than females and testosterone may be a contributing factor. A comparison of opposite-sex and same-sex twins can be used indirectly to establish the role of prenatal testosterone exposure and the risk of depression. We therefore aimed to explore differences in depression risk using opposite-sex and same-sex twins.MethodsWe included 126 087 opposite-sex and same-sex twins from the Danish Twin Registry followed in nationwide Danish registers. We compared sex-specific incidences of depression diagnosis and prescriptions of antidepressants between opposite-sex and same-sex twins using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsDuring follow-up, 2664 (2.1%) twins were diagnosed with depression and 19 514 (15.5%) twins had purchased at least one prescription of antidepressants. First, in male twins, we found that the opposite-sex male twins had the same risk of depression compared to the same-sex male twins {hazard ratio (HR) = 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.17)]}. Revealing the risk of use of antidepressants, the opposite-sex male twins had a slightly higher risk of 4% (HR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.00–1.11)) compared with the same-sex male twins. Second, in the female opposite-sex twins, we revealed a slightly higher, however, not statistically significant risk of depression (HR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.97–1.29)) or purchase of antidepressants (HR = 1.01 (95% CI 0.96–1.05)) when compared to the same-sex female twins.ConclusionsWe found limited support for the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to testosterone was associated with the risk of depression later in life.
Evolutionary and genomic analysis of four SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in March 2020 in Sri Lanka; Additional evidence on multiple introduction and further transmission
Authors: Satharasinghe Dilan Amila , Parakatawella Parakatawella Mudiyanselage Shalini Daupadi Kumari , Premarathne Jayasekara Mudiyanselage Krishanthi Jayarukshi Kumari , Jayasooriya L. J. P. Anura P. , Prathapasinghe Gamika A. , Yeap Swee Keong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The molecular epidemiology of the virus and mapping helps understand the epidemics' evolution and apply quick control measures. This study provides genomic evidence of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introductions into Sri Lanka and virus evolution during circulation. Whole-genome sequences of four SARS-CoV-2 strains obtained from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients reported in Sri Lanka during March 2020 were compared with sequences from Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and North America. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequence of the sample of the first local patient collected on 10 March, who contacted tourists from Italy, was clustered with SARS-CoV-2 strains collected from Italy, Germany, France and Mexico. Subsequently, the sequence of the isolate obtained on 19 March also clustered in the same group with the samples collected in March and April from Belgium, France, India and South Africa. The other two strains of SARS-CoV-2 were segregated from the main cluster, and the sample collected from 16 March clustered with England and the sample collected on 30 March showed the highest genetic divergence to the isolate of Wuhan, China. Here we report the first molecular epidemiological study conducted on circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Sri Lanka. The finding provides the robustness of molecular epidemiological tools and their application in tracing possible exposure in disease transmission during the pandemic.
A unified approach to some non-Hausdorff topological properties
Authors: Li Qingguo , Yuan Zhenzhu , Zhao Dongsheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSobriety, well-filteredness, and monotone convergence are three of the most important properties of topological spaces extensively studied in domain theory. Some other weak forms of sobriety and well-filteredness have also been investigated by some authors. In this paper, we introduce the notion of Θ-fine spaces, which provides a unified approach to such properties. In addition, this general approach leads to the definitions of some new topological properties.
Acute and short-term haemodynamic impact of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function
Authors: Romans Ryan A. , Whiteside Wendy , Yu Sunkyung , Harris Lori , Dottermann Veronika , Zampi Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectives:Assess the acute and short-term haemodynamic impact of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function stratified by pre-transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation physiology.Background:Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation is a widely available option to treat residual or recurrent pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation acutely increases pulmonary artery size and diastolic pressure in patients with pulmonary insufficiency and acute pulmonary edema has been reported after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation, possibly related to acute left ventricular volume loading. However, the impact of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation on left ventricular diastolic function has not been established.Methods:Patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation from 2010 to 2017 at our centre were grouped by indication for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation as pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary insufficiency, or mixed disease. Separate analysis was performed on those who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation for pulmonary stenosis versus pulmonary insufficiency or mixed disease. Intracardiac haemodynamics immediately before and after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation and echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at baseline, 1-day post transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation, and 1-year post transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation were compared between groups.Results:In 102 patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation, the indication was pulmonary stenosis in 29 (28%), pulmonary insufficiency in 28 (29%), and mixed disease in 44 (43%). There were no significant differences in left ventricular systolic or diastolic function between groups at baseline, immediately after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation, or 1-year post implantation. The mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure increased equally across groups.Conclusions:While patients with pulmonary insufficiency likely have acute left ventricular volume loading following transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation, this does not appear to be haemodynamically significant as transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation was not associated with measurable changes in left ventricular systolic or diastolic function acutely or 1-year post implantation.
Investigation of UV Absorbers on Venus Using the 283 and 365 nm Phase Curves Obtained From Akatsuki
Authors: Lee Y. J. , García Muñoz A. , Yamazaki A. , Yamada M. , Watanabe S. , Encrenaz T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe so‐called unknown absorber in the clouds of Venus is an important absorber of solar energy, but its vertical distribution remains poorly quantified. We analyze the 283 and 365 nm phase curves of the disk‐integrated albedo measured by Akatsuki. Based on our models, we find that the unknown absorber can exist either well mixed over the entire upper cloud or within a thin layer. The necessary condition to explain the 365 nm phase curve is that the unknown absorber must absorb efficiently within the cloud scale height immediately below the cloud top. Using this constraint, we attempt to extract the SO2 abundance from the 283 nm phase curve. However, we cannot disentangle the absorption by SO2 and by the unknown absorber. Considering previous SO2 abundance measurements at midinfrared wavelengths, the required absorption coefficient of the unknown absorber at 283 nm must be more than twice that at 365 nm.
Spectral Signature of Landscape Channelization
Authors: Hooshyar Milad , Katul Gabriel , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChannel networks increase in complexity as the importance of erosion grows compared to diffusion by soil creep, giving rise to a channelization cascade. Simulations, laboratory experiments, and data from a natural landscape are used to uncover the signature of such a cascade in the wavenumber spectrum of elevation fluctuations. Power spectra at intermediate distances from the boundaries are characterized by a peak wavenumber that is related to the quasi‐cyclic valleys superimposed on a power‐law scaling with exponent (α) at smaller scales. Dimensional analysis and self‐similarity arguments show that α is uniquely linked to the power‐law relation (with exponent m) between erosion potential and the specific drainage area via α = 2m − 3. This finding connects the spectral behavior of erosional surfaces to the exponent m that distinguishes between the steep landscapes with debris‐flow‐dominated channels and relatively flat fluvial landscapes and directly controls the shape of the channel profile.
The Ocean Carbon Response to COVID‐Related Emissions Reductions
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S. , Swart Neil C. , Sutton Adrienne J. , Fyfe John C. , McKinley Galen A. , Sabine Christopher , Williams Nancy L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe decline in global emissions of carbon dioxide due to the COVID‐19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to investigate the sensitivity of the global carbon cycle and climate system to emissions reductions. Recent efforts to study the response to these emissions declines has not addressed their impact on the ocean, yet ocean carbon absorption is particularly susceptible to changing atmospheric carbon concentrations. Here, we use ensembles of simulations conducted with an Earth system model to explore the potential detection of COVID‐related emissions reductions in the partial pressure difference in carbon dioxide between the surface ocean and overlying atmosphere (ΔpCO2), a quantity that is regularly measured. We find a unique fingerprint in global‐scale ΔpCO2 that is attributable to COVID, though the fingerprint is difficult to detect in individual model realizations unless we force the model with a scenario that has four times the observed emissions reduction.