bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Curative Effect of Zingiber Officinale and Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extracts on Experimental Trichinella Spiralis Infection
Authors: Salama Marwa Ahmed Mohamed , Mostafa Nahed Elsayed , El-Aal Naglaa Fathy Abd , Moawad Howayda S. F. , Hammad Samar Kamel , Adel Rasha , Mostafa Eman Mostafa Abd El Rahman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that has become a public health concern since its reported human outbreaks in many countries. The traditional therapy has many adverse effects in addition to the developing resistance. So, this necessitates finding effective natural alternatives. The current study targeted to assess the potential therapeutic effects of Zingiber officinale and Cinnamomum zeylanicum in comparison to albendazole, a conventional therapy for treatment of trichinosis. Sixty mice were classified into five groups (12 mice each), non-infected control, infected control, combined albendazole and prednisolone, Zingiber officinale, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum treated groups. Mice sacrifice was performed on the 7th and 35th days post infection for intestinal and muscular phases respectively. Efficiency of the used preparations was assessed by parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical studies in addition to ultrastructural evaluation using transmission electron microscopy. A significant reduction in the mean number of T. spiralis adults and larvae was observed in Zingiber officinale and Cinnamomum zeylanicum treated groups, (64.5%, 50.8%) and (68%, 54.6%) respectively. Also, both extracts showed moderate cytoplasmic reactivity for TGF-β1, (69.3% & 67.8%) respectively. The highest reduction in serum TNF- α level was observed in Zingiber officinale treated group during the muscle phase (58.4%) while in the intestinal phase was 50%. The ultrastructural study revealed degenerative effects on both adults and larvae in addition to obvious improvement of the histopathological changes in the small intestine and muscles. We concluded that these herbal extracts especially Zingiber officinale can be considered a practical and successful alternative for the treatment of trichinellosis.
Influence of Water Supply Conditions and Water Storage Containers on Aedes Mosquito Abundance in Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Ane Ruslan La , Herbuela Von Ralph Dane M. , Wahid Isra , Susilawaty Andi , Ishak Hasanuddin , Ibrahim Erniwati , Chiu Ming-Chih , Watanabe Kozo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: High water demand accompanied with an unreliable piped water supply has forced urban residents to store water in containers. This situation potentially increases the number of breeding sites for mosquito vectors, such as Aedes. Method: This study aimed to test the hypothesis if piped water connection availability, tap water use, and highly stable tap water supply can help minimize the use of water storage containers as well as the presence of larvae and number of adult Aedes mosquitoes. We conducted a community-based entomological survey of 343 households from 36 neighborhoods or Rukun Tetangga in Makassar City, Indonesia. Our model based on the hypothesis was tested by piecewise structural equation modeling analysis. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the stability of tap water supply and the number of water storage containers (−0.16, P < 0.05). Of the two categories of water storage containers, the unintentional water storage containers demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.001) higher effect on larval prevalence than the intentional one. Further, both container categories have significant indirect effects on the number of adult mosquitoes mediated by larval presence. Conclusion: Improving water supply condition, particularly by assuring a stable tap water supply, could minimize the use of intentional water storage containers. Furthermore, a regular community-wide health education program that targets the elimination of unintentional water storage containers, which can be breeding grounds for Aedes larvae mosquitoes, is necessary.
Application of 2D Hydrodynamic Model for the Assessment of the Influencing Factor in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: DUTTA RANOJIT KUMAR , DAS BAISHAKHI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D), laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, was used to simulate the hydrodynamics and water temperatures of Xiangxi Bay (XXB) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Algal blooms occurred seasonally in XXB which is influenced by density currents. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was calibrated using data collected in XXB from January to December 2010. The model was then used to examine the environmental factors that affect the density currents. The model predicted density currents such as overflows, interflows and underflows of the XXB. The results suggest that more than 25%, 58.33% and 16.67% of the density currents that occurred in the XXB were overflow, interflow and underflow, respectively. Field observations were conducted including travel distance and thickness of intrusion layer for 24 days in 2010. The average travel distance of overflow, interflow and underflow in XXB was 15.50 km, 8.78 km, and 9 km based on observations and 16 km, 9.40 km, 9.60 km based on the model results. Therefore, numerical simulations of density currents can be predicted to better understand the hydrodynamics and aquatic ecosystems in XXB of TGR.
A Behavioural Explanation of Smallholder Entrepreneurship with Empirical Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Zaca Fortunate Nosisa , Wale Edilegnaw , Chipfupa Unity 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of social grant dependence on on-farm entrepreneurial spirit of smallholders. A sample of 175 farmers was obtained from two communities in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed Principal Components Analysis and Tobit regression. The entrepreneurial spirit indices were constructed from revealed preference-based questions. The study found a positive relationship between the social grant and on-farm entrepreneurial spirit. The positive impact on rural household farming activities implies that the prevailing low entrepreneurial levels among farmers are not the result of social grant dependence but lack of opportunity and other resource constraints. However, to remain effective, policy should ensure that the grant money benefits (directly/indirectly) the intended beneficiary and their households. The other factors found to be associated with on-farm entrepreneurship include age of the farmer, gender, psychological capital, access to training, access to education, access to land, inadequate farming assets, water insecurity, extension, off-farm income and group membership. The study also recommends the need for strategies that improve psychological capital and thus enhance positive on-farm entrepreneurial behaviour among smallholder farmers. Addressing institutional and farming constraints related to access to resources and services (land, credit, extension, and water) and collective action will positively contribute to on-farm entrepreneurship.
Analysis of the Deformation Characteristics of the Surrounding Rock Mass a Deep Tunnel during Excavation through&nbsp;a Fracture Zone
Authors: Huang Junhong , Zhang Guang , Luo Yi , Hu Shaohua , Gong Hangli , Li Xinping , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aiming at geological disasters triggered by fracture zones in surrounding rocks during the excavation of deep railway tunnels, the research investigated deformation and failure of surrounding rocks triggered by sudden changes of rock quality encountered in a tunnel excavation project. The research started from analysis of a field case: the Daliang Tunnel on the Gansu–Qinghai section of the Lanzhou-Urumuqi second double-track railway in China. The deformation profiles of surrounding rocks at different distances from the fracture zone was evaluated. The deformation of surrounding rocks in and around the fracture zone was studied by combining in-situ measurement, theoretical research, and numerical simulation. In addition, relationships of deformation of surrounding rocks in the section of the fracture zone with the materials and length of advanced support as well as the excavation footage behind the fracture zone were discussed. Analysis of the results showed that there is an inflection point on the deformation curves of surrounding rocks far ahead of the fracture zone; however, it is difficult to observe the inflection point on deformation curves of surrounding rocks in engineering practice as the rocks there have undergone substantial deformation before being exposed. A combination of material properties and length of advanced support is conducive to controlling the deformation of surrounding rocks in the fracture zone. Taking a rate of deformation of surrounding rocks in the fracture zone as less than 0.1 mm/d as the stability criterion, the excavated length of that rock mass behind the zone at a footage of 1 m/d is about two thirds of that at 2 m/d and half of that at 3 m/d when the deformation stabilizes.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, mMRC and GAP score Can Predict 1-year Mortality in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Yang , Lin Shih-Yi , Chang Shin-Tsu , Lin Chu-Hsing , Fu Pin-Kuei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease with high mortality. Finding an effective predictor of survival is therefore important for both clinicians and patients. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the prognostic value of the parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), pulmonary function test (PFT), 6-min walk test (6MWT), and certain questionnaires on mortality in Asian patients with IPF. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with IPF were enrolled and followed up for 12 months, during which 6 patients died. The non-survivors had significantly higher minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) slope, more oxygen desaturation during CPET and 6MWT, less heart rate recovery one minute after CPET, higher dead space, higher Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) index and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score. GAP index, mMRC score, VE/VCO2 slope, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) at maximal exercise demonstrated an area under curve (AUC) of >0.7, and the corresponding cutoff values were 4, 2, 35.1 and 3.6 kPa. Therefore, GAP index, mMRC scores, VE/VCO2 slope, and PETCO2 at maximal exercise could be important predictors for mortality in Asian patients with IPF.
Sequential&nbsp;development of embryoblast like memory entities in human malignant&nbsp;tumors,&nbsp;an evidence&nbsp;of&nbsp;cancer&nbsp;cell metamorphosis retrodifferentiation.
Authors: Diaz Jairo , Diaz Luis A , Murillo Mairicio , Poveda Laura , Mora Katherine , Suescun Oscar F , Cardenas Monica , Castro Laura , Sanchez Liliana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Every cancer cell can partially or completely return to an embryonic genotype-phenotype: We capture the cycle of the activation of an individual cellular memory, which allowed a group of squamous tumor cells with mutations caused by the Human Papilloma Virus to return collectively to an embryoblast- like entities. Somatic injured cells have the plasticity to transform their morphology into an embryonic phenotype by expression of dormant genes when they enter a state of cellular emergency.
Relationship of the Standard Uptake Value of 18F-FDG-PET-CT with Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Tumors Measuring ≥1 cm
Authors: Park Soeun , Min Eun-ki , Bae Soong June , Cha Chihwan , Kim Dooreh , Lee Janghee , Cha Yoon Jin , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Evidence suggests that tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) compete for glucose in the tumor microenvironment and that tumor metabolic parameters correlate with localized immune markers in several solid tumors. We investigated the relationship of the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET-CT) with stromal TIL levels in breast cancer. We included 202 patients who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG-PET-CT and had a tumor measuring ≥ 1 cm. Maximum SUV (SUVmax) was determined using 18F-FDG-PET-CT. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors related to high TIL levels (≥ 40%). All tumors were treatment naïve. A significant and weak correlation existed between continuous SUVmax and continuous TIL levels (p = 0.002, R = 0.215). Tumors with high SUVmax (≥ 4) had higher mean TIL levels than those with low SUVmax (< 4). In multivariable analysis, continuous SUVmax was an independent factor associated with high TIL levels; each 1-unit increment in SUVmax corresponded to an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.29) for high TIL levels. Our study imply that SUV is associated with TILs in breast cancer and provides clinical evidence that elevated glucose uptake by breast tumors can predict the immune system-activated tumor micromilieu.
Clinical Teachers' Perceptions of Role Modeling: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohammadi Elaheh , Mirzazadeh Azim , Shahsavari Hooman , Sohrabpour Amir Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Role modeling has been significantly considered in medical education in recent decades. In the clinical course, students learn necessary skills and accordingly their professional identity is formed by observing and working among clinical educators. Given the importance of the role modeling in medical education, in the present study, it was attempted to explore the clinical teachers' perceptions of being a role model for medical students using a qualitative method. Methods: A qualitative design, based on the content analysis approach, was used to analyze the perspectives of 15 clinical teachers. Participants were chosen by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using reflection paper writing. Results: During the data analysis, five main themes emerged: influencing others, developing different dimensions of student, situational self-awareness, feedback and continuous effort.Conclusions: This study will be useful to form role modeling educational programs. Encouraging clinical teachers to make continuous efforts to improve role modeling and educating time management and self-control skills can help reduce the challenges of role modeling for clinical teachers.
Research on The Evolution Law of Spatial Structure of Overlying Strata and Evaluation of Rock Burst Risks in Deep Well&nbsp;Strip Mining
Authors: Wen Jinglin , Yu Zhengxing , Ma Haitao , Wei Quande 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strip mining in mines is one of the main mining methods to control surface subsidence and protect the ecological environment. In recent years, strip mining has induced frequent rock burst accidents due to the increase in mining intensity and mining depth. Based on two typical deep strip mining accidents, the characteristics of the changes in spatial structure of the overlying strata caused by strip mining are studied, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of strip mining rock burst are analyzed. A support pressure calculation model is proposed, and estimated and verified in a mine after an analysis of the change law of the overlying strata structure in strip mining and research on the distribution and evolution law of support pressure. Based the above research, a risk evaluation model of the strip mining face is proposed based on the possibility index method, the 4203 working face of a mine is evaluated. Compared with the numerical simulation results, this method is well consistent with the theoretical calculation model. It can be seen that this method has strong practicability and is of great significance for studying the rock burst characteristics of coal seams in strip mining and evaluating the risk of rock burst of coal seams.
The Beneficial Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on the Survival of Pathological Advanced-Stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Luo Sheng-Dean , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen Wei-Chih , Wu Ching-Nung , Chiu Tai-Jan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Li Shau-Hsuan , Fang Fu-Min , Huang Tai-Lin , Hsiao Chang-Chun , Chen Chang-Han 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most challenging clinical problems in the field due to its high rate of locoregional and distant metastases. However, studies that assess the association between aspirin use and survival in patients with OSCC are limited. Moreover, patients that recruited from those studies might have tumors that arose from different anatomic regions of the head and neck, including the oral cavity, oropharynx, etc. Since tumors within these distinct anatomic regions are unique in the context of epidemiology and tumor progression, we sought to evaluate the association of aspirin use with squamous cell carcinomas located within the oral cavity only. In this 10-year cohort study, we evaluated aspirin use and survival rates in relation to clinical characteristics as well as duration of aspirin use in patients with OSCC. Our findings suggest that OSCC patients with aspirin use for more than 180 days showed improved overall and disease-specific survival rates. Aspirin also improves survival in patients across various stages of OSCC. Cox regression models indicated that aspirin use was associated with a good prognosis. In conclusion, this evidence indicates that aspirin may be potentially used as an adjuvant therapy for OSCC.
The Analysis of the Effect of Covid 19 on Macroeconomic Indicators via MDS and Clustering Methods
Authors: koc pinar , KUTLAR Aziz , GÜLMEZ Ahmet , ÖNCEL Abidin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCovid 19, which emerged in China in December 2019 and affected the whole world in a short period, caused serious contractions in the world economy. Analyzing these effects is important in terms of reducing economic losses and measuring the effectiveness of the measures taken.MethodsThe aim of this study, covering the period 2019: q1- 2020q3 is to is to analyze the volatility in macroeconomic indicators caused by the pandemic process, taking into account the % changes in macroeconomic indicators and whether OECD countries show similar tendencies in terms of volatilities during the pandemic process. The period 2019: q1-2019: q3 represents the pre-pandemic period, while the period 2019: q4-2020: q3 represents the pandemic process. By using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis, countries that have similar characteristics in terms of the change in macroeconomic indicators for each period were grouped, and it was investigated whether this grouping changed during the pandemic process. Clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis are the most appropriate methods for the purpose of the study. Exports, imports, inflation, unemployment, private consumption and economic growth are macroeconomic indicators used in the model. ResultsAccording to the results of the analysis, although most OECD countries showed similar characteristics in terms of economic impact before the pandemic, countries such as Turkey, Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand and Mexico differ significantly from other countries in terms of economic impact during the pandemic process. The separation in question continues throughout the period discussed for Turkey. In addition, it was concluded that Spain, Britain, Mexico and Colombia suffered the most economic losses due to COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020, when the pandemic was felt the most. Conclusion﻿The economic variable that has seen the most contraction is the volume of foreign trade. Unemployment rates have increased more slowly in countries where employment is sought to protect with employment packages, while unemployment rates have increased more in other countries. The contraction in the volume of production and consumption also negatively affected economic growth. Differences in economic impact have diversified the cluster between countries.
Influence of Strong and Weak Alkaline Medium on Microstructural and Morphological Investigation of Surfactant Based Synthesis of CdO Nanorods
Authors: Thangaraj Prakash , Murugesan D. , Ramakrishnan K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A noval microwave irradiated wet chemical method was adopted to prepare cadmium oxide nanostructures by using sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate (SDBS) as surfactant in presence of strong and weak 0.1M alkaline medium (NaOH and NH4OH). The X-ray diffraction measurement shows that the particle is crystallized in the cubic phase, average grain size of the samples are found to be in the range 54 nm for NH4OH reagant and 60 nm for NaOH reagent. The XRD pattern value based lattice constant, dislocation density, X-ray density, specific surface area, microstrain–Williamson Hall and texture coefficient have been calculated. The surface functionality of the samples were analysed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultra visble transmittance and K-M plot analysed from the diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence spectra also been calculated. The morphological changes of cadmium oxide nanostructures with strong and weak 0.1M alkaline medium are clearly recored through transmission electron miscroscopy. The reaction mechanism confirms that the experiment carried out in presence of 0.1M NaOH shows rod shaped nanostructures through four step mechanism such as hydaration, intermediate formation, metal hydroxide formation and the formation of metal oxide.
Added Cutting Teeth to Promote Surface Crack Incisions for Cutting Sandstone
Authors: LIU JIE , Jiang Gangyuan , Liu Taoying , Liang Qiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To promote surface crack incisions between indentations, we first prefabricated CCS (constant cross section) indenters and modified indenters by adding cutting teeth on the CCS indenters. The subsequent indentation tests, using the modified indenters and the CCS indenters, indicate that the modified indenters can effectively promote surface crack incisions, initiating from the contact points between the cutting teeth and the rock. In addition, the promoted surface crack incisions form more thick chips between indentations, whereas the consumed indentation energy of the modified indenters is close to that of the CCS indenter. Thus, the modified indenter can effectively promote indentation efficiency.
NiO Nanoparticles: A Highly Efficient Catalyst For One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Pyrano[2, 3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives in Green Media
Authors: Sabbaghnasab Elahe , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper NiO nanoparticles are utilized for effective strengthening of annulated pyrano [2, 3- d] pyrimidine synthesis through primary Knoevenagel, the following Micheal and ultimate heterocyclization reactions of aldehyde, malononitrile and barbituric acid. The NiO nanoparticles characteristics are identified through using advanced techniques like IR, UV, EDX, XRD, SEM and TEM. The nano-NiO particles are mostly of below < 100 nm sizes with uniform sphere shapes. The adopted approach is advantages due to its simple processing, relatively short reaction time, often good to high average yields, convenient workability, and environmental friendliness.