bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of O2 formation during UV photolysis of water ice: H2O and H2O:CO2 ices
Authors: Bulak M. , Paardekooper D. M. , Fedoseev G. , Chuang K.-J. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga J. , Eistrup C. , Linnartz H. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The Rosetta and Giotto missions investigated the composition of the cometary comae of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 1P/Halley, respectively. In both cases, a surprisingly large amount of molecular oxygen (O2) was detected and was well correlated with the observed abundances of H2O. Laboratory experiments simulating chemical processing for various astronomical environments already showed that formation of solid state O2 is linked to water. However, a quantitative study of O2 formation upon UV photolysis of pure H2O and H2O dominated interstellar ice analogues is still missing.
Aims. The goal of this work is to investigate whether the UV irradiation of H2O-rich ice produced at the earliest stages of star formation is efficient enough to explain the observed abundance of cometary O2.
Methods. The photochemistry of pure H216O (H218O) as well as mixed H2O:CO2 (ratio of 100:11, 100:22, 100:44) and H2O:CO2:O2 (100:22:2) ices was quantified during UV photolysis. Laser desorption post-ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (LDPI TOF MS) was used to probe molecular abundances in the ice as a function of UV fluence.
Results. Upon UV photolysis of pure amorphous H2O ice, deposited at 20 K, formation of O2 and H2O2 is observed at abundances of, respectively, (0.9 ± 0.2)% (O2/H2O) and (1.3 ± 0.3)% (H2O2/H2O). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative characterisation of the kinetics of this process. During the UV photolysis of mixed H2O:CO2 ices, the formation of the relative amount of O2 compared to H2O increases to a level of (1.6 ± 0.4)% (for H2O:CO2 ratio of 100:22), while the (H2O2/H2O) yield remains similar to experiments with pure water. In an ice enriched with O2 (2%), the O2 level increases up to 7% with regard to H2O, at low UV fluence, which is higher than expected on the basis of the enrichment alone. The resulting O2/H2O values derived for the H2O and H2O:CO2 ices may account for a (substantial) part of the high oxygen amounts found in the comae of 67P and 1P.
Short-term variations of surface magnetism and prominences of the young Sun-like star V530 Per
Authors: Cang T.-Q. , Petit P. , Donati J.-F. , Folsom C. P. 
Published: September 2021

Aims. We investigate magnetic tracers in the photosphere and the chromosphere of the ultra-rapid rotator (P ~ 0.32 d) V530 Per, a cool member of the open cluster α Persei, to characterize the short-term variability of the magnetic activity and large-scale magnetic field of this prototypical young, rapidly rotating solar-like star.
Methods. With time-resolved spectropolarimetric observations spread over four close-by nights, we reconstructed the brightness distribution and large-scale magnetic field geometry of V530 Per through Zeeman-Doppler imaging. Simultaneously, we estimated the short-term variability of the surface through latitudinal differential rotation. Using the same data set, we also mapped the spatial distribution of prominences through tomography of Hα emission.
Results. As in our previous study, a large dark spot occupies the polar region of V530 Per with smaller, dark, and bright spots at lower latitudes. The large-scale magnetic field is dominated by a toroidal, mostly axisymmetric component. The maximal radial field strength is equal to ~1 kG. The surface differential rotation is consistent with a smooth Sun-like shear dΩ = 0.053 ± 0.004 rad d−1, close to the solar shear level. The prominence pattern displays a stable component that is confined close to the corotation radius. We also observe rapidly evolving Hα emitting structures, over timescales ranging from minutes to days. The fast Hα evolution was not linked to any detected photospheric changes in the spot or magnetic coverage.
Colonic Stenting Using Side-Viewing Endoscope: A Case Report
Authors: Dalal Ashok , Kumar Ajay , Arivarasan K , Dahale Amol , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Sonika Ujjwal , Pawar Ankush 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColonic self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are widely used as palliation for malignant obstruction. The conventional method involves using a forward-viewing endoscope as part of the procedure. Sometimes, however, the sharp angle of the stricture poses difficulty in evaluating the stricture, so a guidewire is placed across the stricture. Here, we present a case where a side-viewing endoscope was employed for colonic stent placement and propose its use in patients with sharp bends to increase success.
Vestibular System Eletrophysiology: An Analysis of the Relationship between Hearing and Movement
Authors: Oliveira Aline Cabral de , Souza Luana Soares Honorato de , Daniel Carlos Raphael Araújo , Oliveira Priscila Feliciano de , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Knowledge about the positive effects that music and dance bring, in its various forms, to the healthy human brain, is important not only in the context of basic neuroscience but may also strongly affect practices in neurorehabilitation.
Objective To verify the relationship between hearing and movement and, specifically, to analyze the interference of professional dance practice and formal musical training in the magnitude of the vestibule-cervical and vestibular reflexes.
Method The sample consisted of 92 subjects, aged between 18 and 35 years old, 31 professional musicians, 31 ballet dancers, and 30 control subjects. Only subjects with normal hearing sensitivity were included. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) was recorded in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) was recorded in the lower oblique muscle of the eye, using tone-bursts (500Hz). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskall-Wallis tests were performed.
Results The cVEMP presented earlier and higher amplitude waves when recorded in the group of dancers, with a significant difference between all tested groups for latency and amplitude of the N23 wave; the comparison was restricted between dancers and control groups, with no difference between ballet dancers and musicians. The N1 wave of the oVEMP presented lower latencies in dancers than in musicians and controls (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups for the P1 wave.
Conclusion Greater magnitudes of vestibule-cervical reflex responses and faster vestibule-ocular reflex responses were observed in dancers. Dance practice provides greater development of the vestibular system, but musical training also contributes to the magnitude of these responses.
3D MRI in Musculoskeletal Oncology
Authors: Jones Blake C. , Ahlawat Shivani , Fayad Laura M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology now enable the feasible three-dimensional (3D) acquisition of images. With respect to the imaging of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors, literature is beginning to accumulate on the use of 3D MRI acquisition for tumor detection and characterization. The benefits of 3D MRI, including general advantages, such as decreased acquisition time, isotropic resolution, and increased image quality, are not only inherently useful for tumor imaging, but they also contribute to the feasibility of more specialized tumor-imaging techniques, such as whole-body MRI, and are reviewed here. Disadvantages of 3D acquisition, such as motion artifact and equipment requirements, do exist and are also discussed. Although further study is needed, 3D MRI acquisition will likely prove increasingly useful in the evaluation of patients with tumors of the MSK system.
3D MRI of the Knee
Authors: Altahawi Faysal , Pierce Jason , Aslan Mercan , Li Xiaojuan , Winalski Carl S. , Subhas Naveen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is widely used in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Currently, 3D sequences are most commonly used for morphological imaging. Isotropic 3D MRI provides higher out-of-plane resolution than standard two-dimensional (2D) MRI, leading to reduced partial volume averaging artifacts and allowing for multiplanar reconstructions in any plane with any thickness from a single high-resolution isotropic acquisition. Specifically, isotropic 3D fast spin-echo imaging, with options for tissue weighting similar to those used in multiplanar 2D FSE imaging, is of particular interest to MSK radiologists. New applications for 3D spatially encoded sequences are also increasingly available for clinical use. These applications offer advantages over standard 2D techniques for metal artifact reduction, quantitative cartilage imaging, nerve imaging, and bone shape analysis. Emerging fast imaging techniques can be used to overcome the long acquisition times that have limited the adoption of 3D imaging in clinical protocols.
3D MR Neurography
Authors: Khalilzadeh Omid , Fayad Laura M. , Ahlawat Shivani 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh-resolution isotropic volumetric three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) techniques enable multiplanar depiction of peripheral nerves. In addition, 3D MRN provides anatomical and functional tissue characterization of different disease conditions affecting the peripheral nerves. In this review article, we summarize clinically relevant technical considerations of 3D MRN image acquisition and review clinical applications of 3D MRN to assess peripheral nerve diseases, such as entrapments, trauma, inflammatory or infectious neuropathies, and neoplasms.
3D MRI Models of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Samim Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is most commonly used to produce three-dimensional (3D) models for evaluating bone and joint morphology in clinical practice. However, 3D models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be equally effective for comprehensive and accurate assessment of osseous and soft tissue structure morphology and pathology. The quality of 3D MRI models has steadily increased over time, with growing potential to replace 3D CT models in various musculoskeletal (MSK) applications. In practice, a single MRI examination for two-dimensional and 3D assessments can increase the value of MRI and simplify the pre- and postoperative imaging work-up. Multiple studies have shown excellent performance of 3D MRI models in shoulder injuries, in the hip in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement, and in the knee for the creation of bone surface models. Therefore, the utility of 3D MRI postprocessed models is expected to continue to rise and broaden in applications. Computer-based and artificial intelligence–assisted postprocessing techniques have tremendous potential to improve the efficiency of 3D model creation, opening many research avenues to validate the applicability of 3D MRI and establish 3D-specific quantitative assessment criteria. We provide a practice-focused overview of 3D MRI acquisition strategies, postprocessing techniques for 3D model creation, MSK applications of 3D MRI models, and an illustration of cases from our daily clinical practice.
Successful Ovarian Vein Embolization of a Multiparous Woman with Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Authors: Setiani Rissa U. , Batubara Edwin A. D. , Adiarto Suko , Siddiq Taofan , Indriani Suci , Siahaan Irwan H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a clinical syndrome supported by specific findings, such as ovarian vein's dilatation, that cause pelvic vein congestion. Although many theories are explaining the pathophysiologies of this condition, the underlying cause remains unknown. The clinical manifestations of PCS are various including chronic pelvic pain (CPP), voiding disturbances, or ureteral obstruction. Imaging modality, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and venography, are needed to confirm and exclude the differential diagnosis. Currently, American venous forum guidelines recommended endovascular therapy which is percutaneous embolization as the first option therapy of PCS. Here, we reported a 35-year-old woman with PCS who underwent successful percutaneous embolization therapy.
Development of a 3D Printed Lung Model Made of Synthetic Materials for Simulation
Authors: Liu Ganwei , Bian Wenjie , Zu Guili , Liu Jing , Zhang Guoxin , Li Changji , Jiang Guanchao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Considering the complexity of lung structures and the difficulty of thoracoscopic surgery, simulation-based training is of paramount importance for junior surgeons. Here, we aim to design a high-fidelity lung model through utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with synthetic materials to mimic the real human lung.
Methods The 3D printed lung model was manufactured based on the computed tomography images of a randomly selected male patient. Synthetic materials were used for the construction of lung parenchyma, blood vessels, and bronchi. Then, the model was assessed in terms of its visual, tactile, and operational features by participants (the senior surgeons, junior surgeons, and medical students), who were asked to complete the specially designed survey-questionnaires.
Results A 3D printed model of the right lung made of synthetic materials was successfully fabricated. Thirty subjects participated in our study (10 senior surgeons, 10 junior surgeons, and 10 medical students). The average visual evaluation scores for senior surgeons, junior surgeons, and medical students were 3.97 ± 0.61, 4.56 ± 0.58, 4.76 ± 0.49, respectively. The average tactile evaluation scores were 3.40 ± 0.50, 4.13 ± 0.68, 4.00 ± 0.64, respectively. The average operation evaluation scores were 3.33 ± 0.83, 3.93 ± 0.66, 4.03 ± 0.66, respectively. Signiﬁcant lower scores were obtained in the group of the senior surgeons compared with the other two groups.
Conclusion A high level of fidelity was exhibited in our 3D printed lung model and it could be applied as a promising simulator for the surgical training in the future.
COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Implication on Platelets and Blood Indices
Authors: Nori Wassan , Hameed Ban Hadi , Thamir Asmaa Rajih , Fadhil Amenah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To describe the hematological changes, the platelet indices in particular, in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to healthy pregnant women.
Methods A retrospective case-control study conducted at the Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, in Baghdad, Iraq, involving 100 pregnant women, 50 with positive viral DNA for COVID-19 (case group), and 50 with negative results (control group); both groups were subjected to a thorough hematological evaluation.
Results Among the main hematological variables analyzed, the platelet indices, namely the mean platelet volume (MPV) and the platelet distribution width (PDW), showed statistically significant differences (MPV: 10.87 ± 66.92 fL for the case group versus 9.84 ± 1.2 fL for the control group; PDW: 14.82 ± 3.18 fL for the case group versus 13.3 ± 2.16 fL for the controls). The criterion value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for PDW at a cutoff point of > 11.8 fL showed a weak diagnostic marker, while the MPV at a cutoff value of > 10.17 fL showed a good diagnostic marker.
Conclusion The MPV and PDW are significantly affected by the this viral infection, even in asymptomatic confirmed cases, and we recommend that both parameters be included in the diagnostic panel of this infection.
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Screening Syndrome Profile in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer from Paraná State Southwest
Authors: Moura Juliana Batista de , Ghedin Carla Camila , Takakura Érika Tomie , Scandolara Thalita Basso , Rech Daniel , Panis Carolina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the risk of the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome in patients with breast cancer by using the Family History Screening 7 (FHS-7) tool, a validated low-cost questionnaire with high sensitivity able to screen the HBOC risk in the population.
Methods Women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 101) assisted by the Unified Health System at the 8th Regional Health Municipal Office of the state of Paraná answered the FHS-7, and the results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results The risk of HBOC was 19.80% (n = 20). Patients at risk exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics, such as high-grade tumors (30%), presence of angiolymphatic emboli (35%), and premenopausal at diagnosis (50%). Significant associations between the prevalence of high-grade tumors were observed in women younger than 50 years at diagnosis with HBOC (p = 0.003).
Conclusion Our findings suggest a possible family inheritance associated with worse clinical features in women with breast cancer in this population, indicating that HBOC investigation can be initially performed with low-cost instruments such as FHS-7.
Impact of Plasmatic Progesterone on the Day of Frozen Embryo Transfer in Hormone-induced Cycles
Authors: Metello José , Tomás Claudia , Ferreira Pedro , Bravo Iris , Branquinho MaryJo , Santos-Ribeiro Samuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To establish a relationship between serum progesterone values on the day of frozen blastocyst transfer in hormone-replaced cycles with the probability of pregnancy, miscarriage or delivery.
Methods This was an ambispective observational study including all frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles performed at our department following in vitro fecundation from May 2018 to June 2019. The outcomes evaluated were β human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)-positive pregnancy and delivery. Groups were compared according to the level of serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer: the 1st quartile of progesterone was compared against the other quartiles and then the 2nd and 3rd quartiles against the 4th quartile.
Results A total of 140 transfers were included in the analysis: 87 with β-HCG > 10 IU/L (62%), of which 50 (36%) delivered and 37 had a miscarriage (42%). Women with lower progesterone levels (< 10.7ng/mL) had a trend toward higher β-HCG-positive (72 versus 59%; p > 0.05), lower delivery (26 versus 39%; p > 0.05) and higher miscarriage rates (64 versus 33%; p < 0.01). Comparing the middle quartiles (P25–50) with those above percentiles 75, the rate of pregnancy was similar (60 versus 57%; p > 0.05), although there was a trend toward a higher number of deliveries (43 versus 31%; p > 0.05) and a lower number of miscarriages (28 versus 45%; p > 0.05). These differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion There were no differences in pregnancy and delivery rates related with the progesterone level when measured in the transfer day. The miscarriage rate was higher in the 1st quartile group.
Training Preceptors of Obstetrics-Gynecology Residents through the One-minute Preceptor Model
Authors: Machado Michelle Araújo , Medeiros Elaine Lira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To analyze the effect of the One-minute Preceptor model for preceptors who work at the emergency department of a maternity teaching hospital.
Methods  A quantitative intervention study conducted with Obstetrics and Gynecology residency preceptors at a maternity teaching hospital in northeastern Brazil. Three stages were performed: 1) a preintervention survey with the residents; 2) planning and execution of a pedagogical training course for the preceptors, which involved a lecture and a dramatization about the One-Minute Preceptor model; and 3) thirty days after the intervention, the residents answered another survey about the model and its repercussions and advantages.
Results The preintervention assessment with the residents showed that 91.7% agreed that there were discrepancies regarding the teaching model among the preceptors. After the training, all preceptors agreed that the model engages the student in the decision-making process, and that they would apply it to their routine. The postintervention results showed that 95.8% agreed that the model is more inviting than traditional teaching approaches. There was a perception of improvement in learning among 70.9% of the residents. In addition, the present study found a significant change in feedback before and after implementing the model, from 20.8% to 66.7%.
Conclusion The training course of preceptors in the One-Minute Preceptor model proved to be efficient in providing formative feedback to residents in the emergency department of a maternity school. Further studies are needed to assess the consolidation of the methodology in the long term.
Effect of Stem Positioning on Biomechanical Performance of a Novel Cementless Short-Stem Canine Total Hip Implant
Authors: Worden Natalie Jean , Ash Kristian J. , Ordway Nathaniel R. , Miller Mark , Mann Kenneth A. , VanDeventer Gretchen M. , Valenzano Dominick M. , Kayano Mitsunori , Tomihari Mizuki , Hayashi Kei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem positioning on the biomechanical performance of a novel, collared, short-stem total hip implant under compression and torsion ex vivo.Study Design Six canine cadaveric femurs were implanted with a collared short-stem femoral implant. Canal flare index (CFI), stem angle, absolute and relative cut heights and relative size were measured radiographically and used as independent variables. Biomechanical performance of the construct was evaluated using physiologic loading (loading) and supraphysiologic loading (failure) protocols.Results During loading protocols, compressive stiffness was influenced by absolute cut height (p = 0.018). During failure protocols, peak torque was influenced by CFI (p = 0.004) and craniocaudal relative size (p = 0.005). Peak load and torsional stiffness were not impacted by any of the radiographic variables (p > 0.05). Three of six femurs developed longitudinal fractures originating at the medial calcar at the time of failure.Conclusion The biomechanical performance of the collared short-stem implant was positively impacted by preserving more of the femoral neck, having a higher CFI and using a smaller implant size relative to the femoral neck isthmus.