bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of two water regimes on morphological traits, nutritive value and physiology of three Bituminaria bituminosa varieties from the Canary Islands
Authors: Fernández‐Habas Jesús , Hidalgo‐Fernández Maria Teresa , Leal‐Murillo José Ramón , Méndez Pilar , Quero José L , Vanwalleghem Tom , Fernández‐Rebollo Pilar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphological traits, nutritive values and physiological responses to two different water regimes of three Bituminaria bituminosa varieties: var. albomarginata, var. crassiuscula and var. bituminosa were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Two water regimes were imposed for 63 days; well‐watered (WW) plants and deficit‐watered (DW) plants, both starting from a high soil water content (dripping point). The three varieties showed similar aerial biomass reduction under reduced watering, 50% for var. albomarginata, 51% for var. bituminosa and 43% for var. crassiuscula. Var. Albomarginata showed lower shoot biomass under both water regimes than var. bituminosa (56.2% in WW plants and 55.2% in DW plants) and var. crassiuscula (52% in WW plants and 57.8% in DW plants). This lower shoot biomass could be attributed to the high initial soil water content imposed in this experiment, affecting early development. This hypothesis is supported by the lower root biomass production of var. albomarginata and its distribution. The DW treatment of this experiment was not sufficiently restrictive to cause morphological modifications, whilst of the forage quality variables analysed, only ash was affected. Var. crassiuscula and var. albomarginata had a lower specific leaf area (239 cm2 g‐1 and 235 cm2 g‐1, respectively) than var. bituminosa (352 cm2 g‐1), which might represent an important adaptation to high light intensity and temperature conditions. The values of stem mass fraction (SMF) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) for var. crassiuscula (SMF = 0.36 and LMF = 0.28) and var. albomarginata (SMF = 0.35 and LMF = 0.36) indicated better forage aptitude of these varieties than var. bituminosa (SMF = 0.50 and LMF = 0.19). All varieties showed good values of crude protein and digestibility, although important differences were found between leaf and stem. According to the studied morphological, nutritional and physiological traits, var. albomarginata showed the best aptitude for being introduced as permanent grasslands in some Mediterranean farming systems. However, the possible susceptibility of var. albomarginata to high water content in the soil could limit its introduction. These results help to inform the potential use of these three Canarian B. bituminosa varieties to improve Mediterranean rainfed grasslands of extensive farming systems.
High thermoelectric performance of high‐mobility Ga‐doped ZnO films via homogenous interface design
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zou Mingchu , Xu Yushuai , Lan Jinle , Liu Chan , Ahmad Abid , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGa‐doped ZnO (GZO) thin films grown on sapphire substrates have been widely investigated as a promising transparent thermoelectric (TE) material. However, due to the large lattice mismatch and thermal expansion between the sapphire substrate and GZO film, strain‐induced lattice distortion impedes the transport of electrons, leading to low carrier mobility. In this study, ZnO homo‐buffer layers with different thicknesses were inserted between sapphire substrates and GZO films, and their effect on the TE properties was investigated. A thin ZnO interlayer (10 nm) effectively reduced the lattice mismatch of the GZO film and improved the carrier mobility, which contributed to the large enhancement in the electrical conductivity. Simultaneously, energy filtering occurred at the interface between GZO and ZnO, resulting in a relatively high density of states (DOS) effective mass and maintaining a high Seebeck coefficient compared to that of the unbuffered GZO films. Consequently, the GZO film with a 10 nm thick ZnO buffer layer possessed a high power factor value of 449 μW m−1 K−2 at 623 K. This study provides a facile and effective method for optimizing the TE performance of oxide thin films by synergistically improving their carrier mobility and enhancing their effective mass.
Cell cytoskeleton and proliferation study for the RANKL‐induced RAW264.7 differentiation
Authors: Kong Lingbo , Ma Rui , Cao Yang , Smith Wanli , Liu Yuan , Yang Xiaobin , Yan Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough document studies (including ours) have been reported the achieved in vitro osteoclastic cellular model establishment from the RAW264.7 cell lineage, there was no study directly reported that American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) cell bank has various RAW264.7 cell lineages. Besides that, for our knowledge there was only one study compared the two different RAW264.7TIB‐71 and RAW264.7CRL‐2278 cell lineages for their osteoclastic differentiation, and they concluded that the RAW264.7CRL‐2278 demonstrated to generate much osteoclast than RAW264.7TIB‐71. However, on the contrary to their results we noticed the fusion of RAW264.7TIB‐71 in our previous studies was much compromising. Therefore, we try to explore the two cell lineages for their properties in osteoclastic differentiation with an in‐depth cellular cytoskeletal study. Our current study has showed that comparing to the RAW264.7CRL‐2278, RAW264.7TIB‐71 demonstrated a much higher efficacies for RANKL‐stimulated osteoclastic differentiation. Besides that, in our depth cytoskeletal studies, we found that the RANKL‐induced RAW264.7TIB‐71 cells could finally differentiate into mature osteoclasts. However, regardless the various pre‐treatment conditions, there was no mature osteoclast formed in RANKL‐induced RAW264.7CRL‐2278 cell lineage.
Tissue‐specific expression of insulin receptor isoforms in obesity/type 2 diabetes mouse models
Authors: Moruzzi Noah , Lazzeri‐Barcelo Francesca , Valladolid‐Acebes Ismael , Moede Tilo , Paschen Meike , Leibiger Barbara , Berggren Per‐Olof , Leibiger Ingo B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe two insulin receptor (IR) isoforms IR‐A and IR‐B are responsible for the pleiotropic actions of insulin and insulin‐like growth factors. Consequently, changes in IR isoform expression and in the bioavailability of their ligands will impact on IR‐mediated functions. Although alteration of IR isoform expression has been linked to insulin resistance, knowledge of IR isoform expression and mechanisms underlying tissue/cell‐type‐specific changes in metabolic disease are lacking. Using mouse models of obesity/diabetes and measuring the mRNA of the IR isoforms and mRNA/protein levels of total IR, we provide a data set of IR isoform expression pattern that documents changes in a tissue‐dependent manner. Combining tissue fractionation and a new in situ mRNA hybridization technology to visualize the IR isoforms at cellular resolution, we explored the mechanism underlying the change in IR isoform expression in perigonadal adipose tissue, which is mainly caused by tissue remodelling, rather than by a shift in IR alternative splicing in a particular cell type, e.g. adipocytes.
Osthole enhances the immunosuppressive effects of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells by promoting the Fas/FasL system
Authors: Yu Yang , Chen Meng , Yang Shiyao , Shao Bingyi , Chen Liang , Dou Lei , Gao Jing , Yang Deqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThanks to the advantages of easy harvesting and escape from immune rejection, autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising candidates for immunosuppressive therapy against inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, the therapy is still challenging because the immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs are always impaired by immunopathogenesis in patients. Because of its reliable and extensive biological activities, osthole has received increased clinical attention. In this study, we found that BMSCs derived from osteoporosis donors were ineffective in cell therapy for experimental inflammatory colitis and osteoporosis. In vivo and in vitro tests showed that because of the down‐regulation of Fas and FasL expression, the ability of osteoporotic BMSCs to induce T‐cell apoptosis decreased. Through the application of osthole, we successfully restored the immunosuppressive ability of osteoporotic BMSCs and improved their treatment efficacy in experimental inflammatory colitis and osteoporosis. In addition, we found the immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs were enhanced after osthole pre‐treatment. In this study, our data highlight a new approach of pharmacological modification (ie osthole) to improve the immune regulatory performance of BMSCs from a healthy or inflammatory microenvironment. The development of targeted strategies to enhance immunosuppressive therapy using BMSCs may be significantly improved by these findings.
The mechanism of lncRNA‐CRNDE in regulating tumour‐associated macrophage M2 polarization and promoting tumour angiogenesis
Authors: Han Chenyang , Yang Yi , Sheng Yongjia , Wang Jin , Li Wenyan , Zhou Xiaohong , Guo Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractM2 macrophages can promote liver cancer metastasis by promoting tumour angiogenesis; however, the mechanism underlying macrophage polarization has not been completely revealed. In this study, we mainly explored the mechanism underlying long non‐coding RNA‐CRNDE (lncRNA‐CRNDE) in regulating M2 macrophage polarization and promoting liver cancer angiogenesis. The expression of CRNDE was up‐regulated or down‐regulated in THP‐1 cells (CRNDE‐/‐‐THP‐1 cells and pcDNA3.1‐CRNDE‐THP‐1). THP‐1 cells were co‐cultured with liver cancer cell line H22, and M2 polarization was induced in THP‐1 by IL‐4/13 to simulate tumour‐induced macrophage polarization. As a result, after CRNDE overexpression, THP‐1 cell viability was up‐regulated, the expression of M2 membrane marker CD163 was up‐regulated, and the proportion of F4/80 + CD163+ cells was also up‐regulated. ELISA assay showed that the expression of M2 markers (including TGF‐β1 and IL‐10) and chemokines (including CCl22 and CCL22) was up‐regulated, and the expression of key signals (including STAT6, JAK‐1, p‐AKT1, and Arg‐1) was also up‐regulated, which were significantly different compared with the control group (Con). In addition, the intervention effect of CRNDE on THP‐1 was consistent between co‐culture with H22 cells and IL‐4/13 induction assay. The induced M2 THP‐1 cells were co‐cultured with HUVEC. As a result, THP‐1 cells with CRNDE overexpression can promote the migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC cells in vitro and simultaneously up‐regulate the expression of Notch1, Dll4 and VEGFR2, indicating that THP‐1 M2 polarization induced by CRNDE could further promote angiogenesis. The H22 cell tumour‐bearing mouse model was constructed, followed by injection of CRNDE anti‐oligosense nucleotides and overexpression plasmids to interfere CRNDE expression in tumour‐bearing tissues. Consequently, down‐regulation of CRNDE could down‐regulate tumour volume, simultaneously down‐regulate the expression of CD163 and CD31 in tissues, decrease the expression of key proteins (including JAK‐1, STAT‐6, p‐STAT6 and p‐AKT1), and down‐regulate the expression of key angiogenesis‐related proteins (including VEGF, Notch1, Dll4 and VEGFR2). In this study, we found that CENDE could indirectly regulate tumour angiogenesis by promoting M2 polarization of macrophages, which is also one of the mechanisms of microenvironmental immune regulation in liver cancer.
Dysregulation of LINC00470 and METTL3 promotes chemoresistance and suppresses autophagy of chronic myelocytic leukaemia cells
Authors: Lai Xun , Wei Jia , Gu Xue‐zhong , Yao Xiang‐mei , Zhang Di‐si , Li Feng , Sun Yun‐yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytoplasmic lncRNAs have been found to directly interact with target mRNAs and regulate their stability. In this study, we aimed to study the molecular mechanism underlying the function of m6A as a central regulator in chemoresistance and CML proliferation. In this study, we established three mice groups (control group, ADR‐R group and ADR‐R + shLINC00470 group). We detected PTEN mRNA expression in the presence of LINC00470 in the mice models, as well as in the KCL22 and K562 cells. LINC00470 was significantly enriched for PTEN mRNA to exhibit a negative regulatory relationship between LINC00470 and PTEN mRNA. However, the alteration of LINC00470 had no effect on the luciferase activity of PTEN promoter, while the half‐life of PTEN mRNA was affected. It was further validated that LINC00470 down‐regulated PTEN expression by positively regulating the m6A modification of PTEN mRNA via RNA methyltransferase METTL3. Moreover, the relative expression of LC3II, Beclin‐1, ATG7 and ATG5 was all decreased in cells treated with LINC00470, and down‐regulated PTEN expression was observed in chemo‐resistant cells, while the expression of PTEN was rescued by the transfection of shMETTL3 into chemo‐resistant cells. Moreover, the knockdown of METTL3 also restored the normal level of PTEN m6A modification and LINC00470 expression in chemo‐resistant cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of LINC00470 on CML by reducing the PTEN stability via RNA methyltransferase METTL3, thus leading to the inhibition of cell autophagy while promoting chemoresistance in CML.
Novel PIK3R1 mutation of SHORT syndrome: A case report with a 6‐month follow up
Authors: Yin Xiaofei , Liu Jidong , Feng Ruiying , Xu Mingyue , Liu Jinbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSHORT syndrome (short stature, hyperextensibility, ocular depression [deeply set eyes], Rieger anomaly and teething delay) is very rare, with a few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of SHORT syndrome with a novel PIK3R1 mutation (c.2008delT) and complicated with severe insulin resistance. Although no treatment guidelines are available to relieve insulin resistance in SHORT syndrome, our treatment plans, including lifestyle intervention combined with metformin and pioglitazone, were carried out for this patient. After the intervention, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in this patient were significantly decreased during a 6‐month follow up, which showed the effect of our therapeutic strategies.
Midlife and late‐life diabetes and sarcopenia in a general older Japanese population: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Nakamura Kimitaka , Yoshida Daigo , Honda Takanori , Hata Jun , Shibata Mao , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Furuta Yoshihiko , Kishimoto Hiro , Ohara Tomoyuki , Chen Sanmei , Kitazono Takanari , Nakashima Yasuharu , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the association between midlife or late‐life diabetes and the development of sarcopenia in an older Japanese population.Materials and MethodsA total of 824 Japanese residents aged 65 to 84 years without sarcopenia were followed up from 2012 to 2017. Sarcopenia was determined following the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition. The time of diabetes diagnosis was classified as midlife or late‐life diabetes by the age at first diagnosis of diabetes (< 65 or ≥ 65 years) based on annual health checkups data over the past 24 years. The duration of diabetes was categorized into three groups of < 10, 10–15, and > 15 years. The odds ratios of incident sarcopenia according to the diabetic status were estimated using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 47 subjects developed sarcopenia. The multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio for incident sarcopenia was significantly greater in subjects with diabetes at baseline than in those without it (odds ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.26–5.00). Subjects with midlife diabetes had a significantly greater risk of incident sarcopenia, whereas no significant association between late‐life diabetes and incident sarcopenia was observed. With a longer duration of diabetes, the risk of incident sarcopenia increased significantly (P for trend = 0.002).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that midlife diabetes and a longer duration of diabetes are significant risk factors for incident sarcopenia in the older population. Preventing diabetes in midlife may reduce the risk of the development of sarcopenia in later life.
A noninvasive method for detecting frozen injuries in potatoes based on electrical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Feng Longlong , Hou Tiangang , Zhang Benhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo simplify the application of electrical impedance spectroscopy, the characteristic points were explored for noninvasive determination of the freezing damage in potatoes. Impedance experiments were conducted on the potato samples at room temperature (20°C), 0, −4, and −20°C. Samples of fresh, frozen, and freeze–thawed samples were analyzed. The results show that the shapes of the impedance spectroscopies were different in each of these samples. The characteristic points Zextra, Zintr, and Zcyt from electrical impedance spectroscopy are proposed to indicate the freezing damage level. The Zcyt value was considerably different for each state (1,939; 25,130; and 43 Ω, respectively). This indicates that Zcyt is a useful index for freezing damage classification and that Zcyt could indicate cell structure changes in thawed samples.Practical applicationsThe morphological characteristic points of electrical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the freezing injury of potatoes. This method provides a novel approach to study the changes in biological tissues. The method of using characteristic points is more convenient and effective than with an equivalent circuit. The Zcyt value could be used for detecting freezing injury in potatoes. Moreover, this method can be potentially applied for quality analysis of agricultural products.
Helpful resources recognized by adult children of parents with a mental illness in Japan
Authors: Tanonaka Kyoko , Endo Yoshimi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the resources recognized as helpful by children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) to cope with the difficulties they experienced in their lives.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults who experienced parental mental illness in their childhood. Participants were asked to discuss resources that were beneficial to them. Text segments from the verbatim transcriptions were identified with summarizing codes, and the codes were compared and contrasted to generate subcategories and categories. The case characteristics and subcategories were reorganized to retest the validity of the categories.ResultsParental mental illness onset occurred before birth or in early childhood for four participants and during elementary or junior high school for six participants. Six categories emerged: protection from the harmful influences of parents' symptoms; care received from adults at home and school; occasional experience of mutual affection and support within the family; emotional validation and sustained support by others; understanding how to cope using information on mental illnesses; and time for oneself and experiences away from the parent.ConclusionsHelpful resources recognized by COPMI involved not only emotional connections, but also resources related to their daily lives and time for themselves. Understanding the gaps in COPMI's resources can facilitate effective support. Emotional validation by others and time for themselves and away from the parent are important for promoting their development. Society needs to better understand mental illness.
When Can Decision Makers Learn from Financial Market Prices?
Authors: SIEMROTH CHRISTOPH 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI analyze a general setting where a policymaker needs information that financial market traders have in order to implement optimal policy, and prices can potentially reveal this information. Policy decisions, in turn, affect asset values. I derive a condition for the existence of fully revealing equilibria in competitive financial markets, which identifies all situations where learning from prices for policy purposes works. I discuss the possibility of using market information for banking supervision and central banking, and the general problem of asset design. I also demonstrate that some corporate prediction markets are ill‐designed, and show how to fix it.
The Term Structure of Uncertainty: New Evidence from Survey Expectations
Authors: BINDER CAROLA , MCELROY TUCKER S. , SHENG XUGUANG S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe construct measures of forecasters' subjective uncertainty at horizons from 1 to 5 years, using the European Central Bank's Survey of Professional Forecasters. The uncertainty curve is more linear than the disagreement curve. We document heterogeneity across forecasters in the level and the term structure of uncertainty, and show that the difference between long‐run and short‐run uncertainty is procyclical. We develop a signal extraction model that features (i) Kalman filter updating, (ii) time‐varying uncertainty, and (iii) assessment of multistep ahead uncertainty. Heterogeneous patterns of uncertainty over different horizons depend on perceived persistence and variability of the signal and the noise.
A pilot study of a family systems oriented telemental health model in rural Brazil
Authors: Springer Paul R. , Falceto Olga , Bischoff Richard J. , Barros Enrique , Scheeren Patricia , Taylor Nathan C. , Cargnin Daiana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are large disparities in access to mental health care, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Telemental health is a viable solution to reducing these disparities, but quality research demonstrating its effectiveness is needed. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of a telemental health approach in a rural region of Brazil. Primary care providers referred patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety to a 12‐session family systems‐oriented telemental health program developed by the researchers. Participants (n = 10) received therapy by family systems trained therapists. While sessions were delivered via telemental health, each received one face‐to‐face session as part of the treatment regimen. Results from the one‐tailed t‐tests indicate reductions in psychosocial symptoms and improvements in family functioning with medium and large effect sizes. Findings reveal that a family systems‐oriented telemental health approach is a promising intervention for improving mental health outcomes in a middle‐income country.