bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges on the effect of cell phone radiation on mammalian embryos and fetuses: a review of the literature
Authors: Mahaldashtian Maryam , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Anbari Fatemeh , Seify Mohammad , Belli Manuel 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Concern on the possible health hazards of RF-EMR has been growing in many countries because these RF-EMR pulses may be absorbed into the body cells, directly affecting them. There are some in vitro and in vivo animal studies related to the consequences of RF-EMR exposure from cell phones on embryo development and offspring. In addition, some studies have revealed that RF-EMR from cellular phone may lead to decrease in the rates of fertilization and embryo development, as well as the risk of the developmental anomalies, other studies have reported that it does not interfere with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates, or the chromosomal aberration rate. Of course, it is unethical to study the effect of waves generated from cell phones on the forming human embryos. Conversely, other mammals have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. Therefore, in this review we focused on the existing literature evaluating the potential effects of RF-EMR on mammalian embryonic and fetal development.
Diurnal UT Variation of Low Latitude Geomagnetic Storms Using Six Indices
Authors: Balan N. , Ram S. Tulasi , Manu V. , Zhao Lingxin , Xing Zan‐Yang , Zhang Qing‐He 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA quasi‐semidiurnal type pattern was observed earlier in the diurnal UT variation of the geomagnetic storms studied using mainly Kyoto Dst (disturbance storm‐time) index. However, the pattern has been argued as apparent due to uneven longitude distribution of the four Dst observatories. Unlike earlier studies, this paper investigates the diurnal UT variation of the storms automatically identified in six available indices including Kyoto Dst, USGS (United States Geological Survey) Dst, SymH (symmetric‐H), RC (ring current), Dcx (corrected extended Dst), and AER (Atmospheric and Environmental Research) in 50, 50, 36, 21, 5, and 7 years, respectively. The indices are derived using 4, 4, 12, 14, and 15 ground observatories (with maximum longitude separations of ∼120°, 120°, 70°, 110°, and 50°) and four DMSP (Defense Meteorology Satellite Program) satellites, respectively. The UT distribution of the storm intensity (minimum value of an index during the storm main phase) in all indices shows a striking quasi‐semidiurnal type variation with maxima around 06–08 UT and 21–23 UT and minima around 03–05 UT and 13–15 UT. Similar quasi‐semidiurnal variation is also observed in the computed values of the main energy input in the ring current. The variation correlates well with the variations of the dipole tilt angles μ and θ involved in the equinoctial hypothesis and Russell‐McPherron (RM) effect, respectively. These observations indicate that the quasi‐semidiurnal variation is real.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Concentration‐Discharge Relationships at the Event Scale
Authors: Musolff A. , Zhan Q. , Dupas R. , Minaudo C. , Fleckenstein J. H. , Rode M. , Dehaspe J. , Rinke K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe analysis of concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships from low‐frequency observations is commonly used to assess solute sources, mobilization, and reactive transport processes at the catchment scale. High‐frequency concentration measurements are increasingly available and offer additional insights into event‐scale export dynamics. However, only few studies have integrated inter‐annual and event‐scale C‐Q relationships. Here, we analyze high‐frequency measurements of specific conductance (EC), nitrate (NO3‐N) concentrations and spectral absorbance at 254 nm (SAC254, as a proxy for dissolved organic carbon) over a two year period for four neighboring catchments in Germany ranging from more pristine forested to agriculturally managed settings. We apply an integrated method that adds a hysteresis term to the established power law C‐Q model so that concentration intercept, C‐Q slope and hysteresis can be characterized simultaneously. We found that inter‐event variability in C‐Q hysteresis and slope were most pronounced for SAC254 in all catchments and for NO3‐N in forested catchments. SAC254 and NO3‐N event responses in the smallest forested catchment were closely coupled and explainable by antecedent conditions that hint to a common near‐stream source. In contrast, the event‐scale C‐Q patterns of EC in all catchments and of NO3‐N in the agricultural catchment without buffer zones around streams were less variable and similar to the inter‐annual C‐Q relationship indicating a homogeneity of mobilization processes over time. Event‐scale C‐Q analysis thus added key insights into catchment functioning whenever the inter‐annual C‐Q relationship contrasted with event‐scale responses. Analyzing long‐term and event‐scale behavior in one coherent framework helps to disentangle these scattered C‐Q patterns.
Impact of Chlorophyll Shading on the Peruvian Upwelling System
Authors: Echevin V. , Hauschildt J. , Colas F. , Thomsen S. , Aumont O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe influence of chlorophyll shading on ocean dynamics has been usually disregarded in eastern boundary upwelling systems modeling studies in spite of their very high primary productivity. Here, we study how this effect impacts on the Peru upwelling system using a regional mesoscale‐resolving physical biogeochemical coupled model. We show that the shading effect leads to a surface cooling of up to 1°C on the shelf due to subsurface cooling of the source waters during their transit toward the shelf. The shading effect leads to a more realistic subsurface stratification, a slowdown of the alongshore currents, and a shoaling of the oxycline. Impacts on the regional model biases show that the shading effect needs to be taken into account in both physical and coupled physical‐biogeochemical regional models of upwelling systems.
Synergistic Effect of the 25–60‐day Tropical and Midlatitude Intraseasonal Oscillations on the Persistently Severe Yangtze Floods
Authors: Li Jianying , Zhai Panmao , Mao Jiangyu , Song Lili , Xiao Qingyao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSignificant 25–60‐day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in rainfall over the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) are found for eight summers during 1979–2020. These 25–60‐day ISOs of MLYR rainfall account for 66.7% of persistently severe floods (PSFs) during 1979–2020, indicating their major role in inducing PSFs and the potential for extended‐range forecasting of PSFs. The 25–60‐day ISO in MLYR rainfall results from the synergistic effect of tropical and midlatitude ISOs. During the eight identified summers, more barotropic energy is transferred from summer‐mean to 25–60‐day circulation, thus forming a midlatitude ISO wave train, which cooperates with the tropical ISO in triggering twin vertical cells. Phase locking of ascending branch from the vertical cell induced by the tropical ISO with that from the reversed vertical cell triggered by the midlatitude ISO brings about the wet phase of 25–60‐day ISO of MLYR rainfall.
Jupiter's Auroral Radio Emissions Observed by Cassini: Rotational Versus Solar Wind Control, and Components Identification
Authors: Zarka P. , Magalhães F. P. , Marques M. S. , Louis C. K. , Echer E. , Lamy L. , Cecconi B. , Prangé R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReanalyzing Cassini radio observations performed during Jupiter's flyby of 2000–2001, we study the internal (rotational) versus external (solar wind) control of Jupiter's radio emissions, from kilometer to decameter wavelengths, and the relations between the different auroral radio components. For that purpose, we build a database of the occurrence of Jovian auroral radio components bKOM, HOM, and DAM observed by Cassini, and then frequency‐longitude stacked plots of the polarized intensity of these radio components. Comparing the results obtained inbound and outbound, as a function of the Observer's or Sun's longitude, we find that HOM & DAM are dominantly rotation‐modulated (i.e., emitted from searchlight‐like sources fixed in Jovian longitude), whereas bKOM is modulated more strongly by the solar wind than by the rotation (i.e., emitted from sources more active within a given Local Time sector). We propose a simple analytical description of these internal and external modulations and evaluate its main parameters (the amplitude of each control) for HOM + DAM and bKOM. Comparing Cassini and Nançay Decameter Array data, we find that HOM is primarily connected to the decameter emissions originating from the dusk sector of the Jovian magnetosphere. HOM and DAM components form a complex but stable pattern in the frequency‐longitude plane. HOM also seems to be related to the “lesser arcs” identified by Voyager. bKOM consists of a main part above 40 kHz in antiphase with HOM occurrence, and detached patches below 80 kHz in phase with HOM. The frequency‐longitude patterns formed by DAM, HOM and bKOM remain to be modeled.
Distinct amyloid and tau PET signatures are associated with diverging clinical and imaging trajectories in patients with amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type
Authors: Lagarde Julien , Olivieri Pauline , Tonietto Matteo , Gervais Philippe , Comtat Claude , Caillé Fabien , Bottlaender Michel , Sarazin Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the amyloid and tau PET imaging signatures of patients with amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type (ASHT) and study their clinical and imaging progression according to their initial PET imaging status. Thirty-six patients with a progressive ASHT and 30 controls underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment, 3 T brain MRI, [11C]-PiB and [18F]-Flortaucipir PET imaging. Subjects were clinically followed-up annually over 2 years, with a second 3 T MRI (n = 27 ASHT patients, n = 28 controls) and tau-PET (n = 20 ASHT patients) at the last visit. At baseline, in accordance with the recent biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the AD PET signature was defined as the combination of (i) positive cortical amyloid load, and (ii) increased tau tracer binding in the entorhinal cortices and at least one of the following regions: amygdala, parahippocampal gyri, fusiform gyri. Patients who did not meet these criteria were considered to have a non-AD pathology (SNAP). Twenty-one patients were classified as AD and 15 as SNAP. We found a circumscribed tau tracer retention in the entorhinal cortices and/or amygdala in 5 amyloid-negative SNAP patients. At baseline, the SNAP patients were older and had lower ApoE ε4 allele frequency than the AD patients, but both groups did not differ regarding the neuropsychological testing and medial temporal lobe atrophy. During the 2-year follow-up, the episodic memory and language decline, as well as the temporo-parietal atrophy progression, were more pronounced in the AD sub-group, while the SNAP patients had a more pronounced progression of atrophy in the frontal lobes. Longitudinal tau tracer binding increased in AD patients but remained stable in SNAP patients. At baseline, distinct amyloid and tau PET signatures differentiated early AD and SNAP patients despite identical cognitive profiles characterized by an isolated ASHT and a similar degree of medial temporal atrophy. During the longitudinal follow-up, AD and SNAP patients diverged regarding clinical and imaging progression. Among SNAP patients, tau PET imaging could detect a tauopathy restricted to the medial temporal lobes, which was possibly explained by primary age-related tauopathy.
Identification of HMGCR as the anticancer target of physapubenolide against melanoma cells by in silico target prediction
Authors: Wang Hai-yan , Yu Pian , Chen Xi-sha , Wei Hui , Cao Shi-jie , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yi , Tao Yong-guang , Cao Dong-sheng , Qiu Feng , Cheng Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhysapubenolide (PB), a withanolide-type compound extracted from the traditional herb Physalis minima L., has been demonstrated to exert remarkable cytotoxicity against cancer cells; however, its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that PB inhibited cell proliferation and migration in melanoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis. The anticancer activity of PB was further verified in a melanoma xenograft model. To explore the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of PB, we carried out an in silico target prediction study, which combined three approaches (chemical similarity searching, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and molecular docking) to identify the targets of PB, and found that PB likely targets 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, which promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. We further demonstrated that PB interacted with HMGCR, decreased its protein expression and inhibited the HMGCR/YAP pathway in melanoma cells. In addition, we found that PB could restore vemurafenib sensitivity in vemurafenib-resistant A-375 cells, which was correlated with the downregulation of HMGCR. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PB elicits anticancer action and enhances sensitivity to vemurafenib by targeting HMGCR.
Inflammatory conversion of quiescent osteoblasts by metastatic breast cancer cells through pERK1/2 aggravates cancer-induced bone destruction
Authors: Back Jungho , Nguyen Minh Nam , Li Lu , Lee Saelim , Lee Inkyu , Chen Fancheng , Gillinov Lauren , Chung Yeon-Ho , Alder Kareme D. , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Yu Kristin E. , Dussik Christopher M. , Hao Zichen , Flores Michael J. , Kim Yoseph , Ibe Izuchukwu K. , Munger Alana M. , Seo Sung Wook , Lee Francis Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDisruption of bone homeostasis caused by metastatic osteolytic breast cancer cells increases inflammatory osteolysis and decreases bone formation, thereby predisposing patients to pathological fracture and cancer growth. Alteration of osteoblast function induces skeletal diseases due to the disruption of bone homeostasis. We observed increased activation of pERK1/2 in osteolytic breast cancer cells and osteoblasts in human pathological specimens with aggressive osteolytic breast cancer metastases. We confirmed that osteolytic breast cancers with high expression of pERK1/2 disrupt bone homeostasis via osteoblastic ERK1/2 activation at the bone-breast cancer interface. The process of inflammatory osteolysis modulates ERK1/2 activation in osteoblasts and breast cancer cells through dominant-negative MEK1 expression and constitutively active MEK1 expression to promote cancer growth within bone. Trametinib, an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor, not only reduced breast cancer-induced bone destruction but also dramatically reduced cancer growth in bone by inhibiting the inflammatory skeletal microenvironment. Taken together, these findings suggest that ERK1/2 activation in both breast cancer cells and osteoblasts is required for osteolytic breast cancer-induced inflammatory osteolysis and that ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors may represent a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with aggressive osteolytic breast cancers by altering the shared cancer and bone microenvironment.
Corosolic acid inhibits cancer progression by decreasing the level of CDK19-mediated O-GlcNAcylation in liver cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Niu Yongjie , Wang Zhixian , Xu Xin , Li Yan , Ma Lifang , Wang Jiayi , Yu Yongchun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiabetes is an important risk factor for liver cancer, but its mechanism is unknown. Corosolic acid (CA) has been proven to have both hypoglycemic and antitumor effects, so revealing the function of CA can help us understand the relationship between diabetes and liver cancer. In previous studies, we confirmed that CA can effectively inhibit the expression of YAP, an important oncoprotein in HCC cells, and the proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, we also found that O-GlcNAcylation plays an indispensable role in HCC tumorigenesis. However, it is not clear whether CA can inhibit the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on HCC cells. In this study, the antitumor ability of CA was investigated by inhibiting the O-GlcNAcylation level and its corresponding mechanism. The results showed that HG (high glucose) could promote the proliferation of liver cancer cells, while CA could inhibit cell growth under HG conditions and tumor growth in a xenotransplantation model. CA can inhibit the activation of the HBP pathway and reduce the expression of YAP and OGT under HG conditions. Importantly, we found that CA can reduce YAP expression and O-GlcNAcylation by inhibiting the activity of CDK19. Overexpression of CDK19 partially reversed the CA-induced decrease in YAP and O-GlcNAcylation. This is the first evidence that CA can reduce the proliferative capacity of cells with high glucose levels and further inhibit tumor growth by inactivating the CDK19/YAP/O-GlcNAcylation pathway, suggesting that CA is a candidate drug for the development of treatments against diabetes-associated liver cancer.
A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization
Authors: Russ Daniel E. , Cross Ryan B. Patterson , Li Li , Koch Stephanie C. , Matson Kaya J. E. , Yadav Archana , Alkaslasi Mor R. , Lee Dylan I. , Le Pichon Claire E. , Menon Vilas , Levine Ariel J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing data can unveil the molecular diversity of cell types. Cell type atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been integrated together. Here, we generate an atlas of spinal cell types based on single-cell transcriptomic data, unifying the available datasets into a common reference framework. We report a hierarchical structure of postnatal cell type relationships, with location providing the highest level of organization, then neurotransmitter status, family, and finally, dozens of refined populations. We validate a combinatorial marker code for each neuronal cell type and map their spatial distributions in the adult spinal cord. We also show complex lineage relationships among postnatal cell types. Additionally, we develop an open-source cell type classifier, SeqSeek, to facilitate the standardization of cell type identification. This work provides an integrated view of spinal cell types, their gene expression signatures, and their molecular organization.
Intrinsic nanostructure induced ultralow thermal conductivity yields enhanced thermoelectric performance in Zintl phase Eu2ZnSb2
Authors: Chen Chen , Feng Zhenzhen , Yao Honghao , Cao Feng , Lei Bing-Hua , Wang Yumei , Chen Yue , Singh David J. , Zhang Qian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Zintl thermoelectric phase Eu2ZnSb2 has a remarkable combination of high mobility and low thermal conductivity that leads to good thermoelectric performance. The key feature of this compound is a crystal structure that has a Zn-site with a 50% occupancy. Here we use comparison of experimental thermal conductivity measurements and first principles thermal conductivity calculations to characterize the thermal conductivity reduction. We find that partial ordering, characterized by local order, but Zn-site disorder on longer scales, leads to an intrinsic nanostructuring induced reduction in thermal conductivity, while retaining electron mobility. This provides a direction for identifying Zintl compounds with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and good electrical conductivity.
Ionic liquid facilitated melting of the metal-organic framework ZIF-8
Authors: Nozari Vahid , Calahoo Courtney , Tuffnell Joshua M. , Keen David A. , Bennett Thomas D. , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid glasses from melt-quenched metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been emerging as a new class of materials, which combine the functional properties of crystalline MOFs with the processability of glasses. However, only a handful of the crystalline MOFs are meltable. Porosity and metal-linker interaction strength have both been identified as crucial parameters in the trade-off between thermal decomposition of the organic linker and, more desirably, melting. For example, the inability of the prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) ZIF-8 to melt, is ascribed to the instability of the organic linker upon dissociation from the metal center. Here, we demonstrate that the incorporation of an ionic liquid (IL) into the porous interior of ZIF-8 provides a means to reduce its melting temperature to below its thermal decomposition temperature. Our structural studies show that the prevention of decomposition, and successful melting, is due to the IL interactions stabilizing the rapidly dissociating ZIF-8 linkers upon heating. This understanding may act as a general guide for extending the range of meltable MOF materials and, hence, the chemical and structural variety of MOF-derived glasses.
Genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Rwanda reveals the importance of incoming travelers on lineage diversity
Authors: Butera Yvan , Mukantwari Enatha , Artesi Maria , Umuringa Jeanne d’arc , O’Toole Áine Niamh , Hill Verity , Rooke Stefan , Hong Samuel Leandro , Dellicour Simon , Majyambere Onesphore , Bontems Sebastien , Boujemla Bouchra , Quick Josh , Resende Paola Cristina , Loman Nick , Umumararungu Esperance , Kabanda Alice , Murindahabi Marylin Milumbu , Tuyisenge Patrick , Gashegu Misbah , Rwabihama Jean Paul , Sindayiheba Reuben , Gikic Djordje , Souopgui Jacob , Ndifon Wilfred , Rutayisire Robert , Gatare Swaibu , Mpunga Tharcisse , Ngamije Daniel , Bours Vincent , Rambaut Andrew , Nsanzimana Sabin , Baele Guy , Durkin Keith , Mutesa Leon , Rujeni Nadine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 transmission rates are often linked to locally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe 203 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences analyzed from strains circulating in Rwanda from May 2020 to February 2021. In particular, we report a shift in variant distribution towards the emerging sub-lineage A.23.1 that is currently dominating. Furthermore, we report the detection of the first Rwandan cases of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern among incoming travelers tested at Kigali International Airport. To assess the importance of viral introductions from neighboring countries and local transmission, we exploit available individual travel history metadata to inform spatio-temporal phylogeographic inference, enabling us to take into account infections from unsampled locations. We uncover an important role of neighboring countries in seeding introductions into Rwanda, including those from which no genomic sequences were available. Our results highlight the importance of systematic genomic surveillance and regional collaborations for a durable response towards combating COVID-19.