bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and Trend Analysis of Temperature, Rainfall and Characteristics of Crop Growth Season in Eastern Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Amdom Gebremedhin , Misgna Solomon Habtu , Abraha Girmay Gebre-Samuel , Abraha Amanuel Zenebe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To favour farmers and adjusting their farming practices, long term weather analyses is essential to determine future directions and making adjustments required to existing systems. The main purpose of this study was thus to analyze the variability and trends of climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) and characteristics of crop growth season in Eastern zone of Tigray region for the period of 1980–2009. Detail investigations were carried out using parametric (Linear regression) and non-parametric tests (Mankendall and Sen’s slope estimator). Moreover, homogeneity test was applied using a method developed by Van Belle and Hughes for the general trend analysis. Furthermore, the trend of rainfall end to characterize crop growth season using R-Instat and XLSTAT software. It was found that the general trend of monthly rainfall experienced an overall significant increasing trend. The seasonal rainfall experienced significantly increasing trend during the summer rainy season (June–September) whilst a significant decreasing trend occurred in the short rainy season (February–May). Likewise, the seasonal maximum temperature trends exhibited a significant increasing trend in all seasons whereas the minimum temperature showed inhomogeneous trend across seasons as well as stations. Despite significant increase of rainfall in summer season, the trend of growing season characteristics (onset, cessation, length of growing period and dry spell length) did not change significantly over the study period. However, the variability of rainfall and dry spell length was found to be very large. Hence, crop production in the study area demands appropriate adaptation strategies that considers the erratic nature of the rainfall, the long dry spell length in the season and increasing trends of temperature.
A High Flatness Gain Subsisting of Cascaded EDFA-TDFA Hybrid Optical Amplifier For Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System
Authors: kumar Prof.Chakresh , Kumar Ghanendra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flat gain with least noise figure (NF) is the backbone feature of super dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system. It indicates the good amplification in terms of high-quality factor, lowest bit error rate, and good rating output power. But in this paper, we have mainly focused on characteristics of proposed EDFA-TDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) in terms of flat gain and noise figure for C-Band. Evaluation has done for 400 x 2.455 Gb/s SD-WDM system with channel spacing of 0.8 nm. Moreover, effect of proposed HOA also observed with displacement of channel wavelength for evaluating the impact of different set of HOA for analysis the same characteristics.
Behavioural Response in an Asilid Fly: Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors on Spatial Density Dependence
Authors: CASTELO MARCELA K. , CRESPO JOSÉ E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Behavioural response of a parasitoid shows the effect on host parasitism patterns at a given host distribution resulting in an increase or decrease of parasitism intensity according to local host densities. This relationship could be proportional, positive, or negative, as a consequence of foraging of parasitoids searching for hosts. Mallophora ruficauda is a fly parasitoid of Cyclocephala signaticollis scarab beetle larvae and a predator of honeybees. Females search and place egg-clusters overground in open grasslands near beehives. Larvae actively searching for host underground following chemical cues arising from the host itself. The parasitism pattern is a result of this complex host-searching strategy which is shared between both stages of the fly. In this work we carried out a study at four spatial scales in apiaries located in the Pampas region of Argentina. We found that parasitism is inverse density-dependent at high female activity and direct density-dependent at low female activity at the larger spatial scale. We found a direct density dependent pattern associated to substrate height at intermediate spatial scale that is lost when the habitat has abundant oviposition substrates. Conversely, parasitism is inversely density-dependent at both smaller spatial scales, associated to oviposition substrate distance and saturation of healthy host by larvae attacking. Additionally, M. ruficauda does not select the oviposition substrates according to the abundance of Cyclocephala signaticollis inhabiting underground. This work shows the importance of a proper scale for analysis of factors that influence population dynamics and how environmental characteristics mould parasitism patterns in this dipteran parasitoid.
HELQ is a dual function DSB repair enzyme modulated by RPA and RAD51
Authors: Boulton Simon , Anand Roopesh , Buechelmaier Erika , Belan Ondrej , Newton Matt , Vancevska Aleksandra , Kaczmarczyk Artur , Rueda David , Powell Simon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions, and their incorrect repair can drive cancer development1. HELQ is a superfamily 2 helicase with 3’ to 5’ polarity, whose disruption in mice confers germ cells loss, infertility and increased predisposition to ovarian and pituitary tumours2-4. At the cellular level, defects in HELQ result in hypersensitivity to cisplatin and mitomycin C and, persistence of RAD51 foci upon DNA damage3,5. Notably, HELQ binds to RPA and the RAD51 paralog BCDX2 complex but the relevance of these interactions and how HELQ functions in DSB repair remains unclear3,5,6. Here, we report that HELQ helicase activity and a previously unappreciated DNA strand annealing function are differentially regulated by RPA and RAD51. Using biochemistry and single-molecule imaging (SMI), we establish that RAD51 forms a co-complex with and strongly stimulates HELQ as it translocates during DNA unwinding. Conversely, RPA inhibits DNA unwinding by HELQ but strongly stimulates DNA strand annealing. Mechanistically, we show that HELQ possesses an intrinsic ability to capture RPA-bound DNA strands and then displace RPA to facilitate annealing of complementary strands. Finally, we show that HELQ deficiency in cells compromises single-strand annealing (SSA) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways and increases long-tract gene conversion tracts (LTGC) during homologous recombination. Thus, our results implicate HELQ in multiple arms of DSB repair by virtue of co-factor dependent modulation of intrinsic translocase and DNA strand annealing activities.
Dysphagia Therapy in Adults with a Tracheostomy: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kadri Waiza , Halfpenny Rhiannon , Whiten Breege , Smith Christina , Mulkerrin Siofra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) and tracheostomy coexist. Research in this area has often provided an overview of dysphagia management as a whole, but there is limited information pertaining to specific dysphagia therapy in the tracheostomy population. The aim of this scoping review is to provide detailed exploration of the literature with regards to dysphagia therapeutic interventions in adults with a tracheostomy. The scoping review will describe current evidence and thus facilitate future discussions to guide clinical practice.Methods A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guideline will be used. Ten electronic databases from inception to July 2021and grey literature will be searched. From identified texts forward and backward citation chasing will be completed. Data extraction will compose of population demographics, aetiology and dysphagia therapy (type, design, dose and intensity). Number of citations and papers included into the scoping review will be presented visually.Discussion The scoping review aims to expand upon the existing literature in this field. A detailed description of the evidence is required to facilitate clinical discussions and develop therapeutic protocols in a tracheostomised population. The results of this scoping review will support future research in dysphagia therapy and provide the basis for development of best practice guidelines.
Spatial profiling of microbial communities by sequential FISH with error-robust encoding
Authors: Dai Lei , Cao Zhaohui , Zuo Wenlong , Wang Lanxiang , Chen Junyu , Qu Zepeng , Jin Fan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spatial analysis of microbiomes at single cell resolution with high multiplexity and accuracy has remained challenging. Here we present spatial profiling of a microbiome using sequential error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (SEER-FISH), a highly multiplexed and accurate imaging method that allows mapping of microbial communities at micron-scale. We show that multiplexity of RNA profiling in microbiomes can be increased significantly by sequential rounds of probe hybridization and dissociation. Combined with error-correction strategies, we demonstrate that SEER-FISH enables accurate taxonomic identification in complex microbial communities. Using microbial communities composed of diverse bacterial taxa isolated from plant rhizospheres, we show that SEER-FISH can quantify the abundance of each taxon and map microbial biogeography on roots. SEER-FISH provides an unprecedented method for profiling the spatial ecology of complex microbial communities in situ.
Predicting Crowd Intensity Based on Statistics of Mobile Signal Analysis in Smart City Using Heatmap Layer by Fuzzy Inference and Deep Learning.
Authors: jayabaskar Revathy , k SELVAKUMAR 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wireless networks the mobile user to establish a wireless connection with the central server in the fixed network. On-line activities such as transaction and querying information can be conducted by mobile user. Mobile user queries are location dependent in mobile environment. Mobile user wants to move to hospital or hypermarket, before moving to the location, mobile user wants to know the crowd at the destination , Based on the number of people present, the mobile user can choose to go to another branch. At present a mobile user cannot get the details about the crowd in the particular location. Recent researches are the vehicle tracking, taxi services, road traffic and location-based queries. A proposed research idea is to identify the number of people present in a given area in a city. We use the Heatmap layer tool to find out the crowd intensity. Heatmap layer will indicate crowd intensity of a particular area, Heatmap layer show the color on the map, red colour in the particular location is represent about high intensity of crowd and the green colour is represent lower intensity of crowd, Heatmap shows crowd intensity through mobile signal, more people present more mobile signal in that location. In our research proposal ,we calculate the people crowd using deep learning algorithm. This research application can be used in smart city for the school fees payment , Ministry office , hospital (out Patient not to wait more time in hospital) , hypermarket and cinema theater. Numerical method is obtained by using the fuzzy inference model.
Religion and Gender Behavior: Understanding Variations in Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Farmers
Authors: Yusuf Kayode Abel , Awoniyi Adedayo Michael , Dada Olarewaju A. , Mariam Aremu B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic disease that is widely spread among the poor. It is caused by blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, and transmitted to humans through water related activities by way of skin penetration. The infection is rarely fatal, however, it could impact on economic and health situations of infected individual often leading to learning disabilities and poor work productivity. We evaluated the prevalence level and dissimilarity of endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis among farmers in Shonga, a rural community in Edu Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Prior to the initiation of sample collection, we sought permission from the community head (Emir), followed by community awareness creation among head of farmers association, religious leaders and women leaders. Subsequently, we collected 121 urine samples from the consenting farmers and examined specimens for the presence of S. haematobium eggs using filtration techniques. Urinary schistosomiasis was endemic and dissimilar among the examined farmers, with 56(46.3%) out of the 121 examined specimens positive. Grouping farming type by religion, yam farmers were significantly different from the sugar cane farmers, but there was no statistical difference among Muslim and Christian farmers even though there was higher infection rate (50.7%) among the Muslim farmers than their Christian counterparts (40%). Conversely, classifying farming type by gender, vegetable farmers were significantly different from sugar cane farmers while female farmers were also statistically more infected than their male counterparts. This study shows that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic among farmers in Shonga, with significant variations in farming type and gender. Therefore, this finding will provide necessary guidance in allocating limited public health interventions among endemic groups to ensure such are delivered to the categories that require it most.
A flexible micro-thermoelectric device from carbon nanotube-epitaxially grown (Bi,Sb)2Te3 nanocrystal
Authors: Jin Qun , Zhao Yang , Long Xuehao , Jiang Song , Wang Ziqiang , Mao Pengyan , Li Xiaoqi , Cui Kan , Qiu Jianhang , Wan Ye , Tai Kaiping , Gao Ning , Tan Jun , Liu Chang , Cheng Hui-Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in energy harvesting and high-spatial-resolution thermal management. However, a high-performance flexible micro-TE device (TED) compatible with the modern electronics fabrication process has not yet been developed. Here we report a general van der Waals epitaxial growth approach to fabricating a freestanding and flexible hybrid comprised of single-wall carbon nanotubes and highly ordered (Bi,Sb)2Te3 nanocrystals. High power factors ranging from ~1,680 to ~1,020 µW m−1 K−2 in the temperature range of 300-480 K, combined with a strongly depressed thermal conductivity yield an average figure of merit of ~0.81. A prototype flexible micro-TED module consisting of two p-n hybrids was then fabricated, which demonstrated an unprecedented open circuit voltage of ~22.7 mV and a power density of ~0.36 W cm−2 under a ~30 K temperature difference, and a net cooling temperature of ~22.4 K and a heat absorption density of ~92.5 W cm−2.
Analysis of The Correction Capability of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Approach to Improving The Lenke-Silva Classification in First-Stage MIS Adult Spinal Deformity Corrections
Authors: Shaw Leo , Lin Yu-Tsung , Wu Yun-Che , Shih Cheng-Min , Pan Chien-Chou , Chen Kun-Hui , Lee Cheng-Hung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA two-stage minimally invasive surgery (MIS) protocol with oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with posterior instrumentation is becoming popular in the treatment of adult spinal deformities (ASDs) because of lower complication rates and less blood loss when compared with the open traditional posterior approach. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of correction and the causes of suboptimal correction in two-stage OLIF.MethodsThis retrospective study included 27 patients who underwent both two-stage and single-stage OLIF with posterior instrumentation for treatment of ASD. Patients treated with two-stage OLIF were sorted into Group A (Improved Lenke-Silva classification after the first-stage OLIF) and Group B (Unchanged Lenke-Silva classification after the first-stage operation) to evaluate the correction efficacy of OLIF in a two-stage MIS protocol. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes. The causes of complications and suboptimal corrections (Group B) in patients treated with the two-stage MIS protocol were analyzed.ResultsAll 27 patient patients showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the visual analog scale, the Oswestry Disability Index, and EuroQol. A total of 14 patient were treated with the two-stage protocol, with ten patients included in group A and four patients with insufficient correction angles included in group B. The radiographic outcome of Group A showed significant corrections (P < 0.05) in pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, sagittal vertical axis, and max Cobb angles. In group B, surgical limitations of OLIF were the cause of unsatisfactory correction in two patients because the deformities involved the T-L junction, which was not accessible using the approach. Severe preoperative PI-LL mismatch (41°) and cage subsidence with an anterior endplate fracture were the cause of poor correction in two other patients.ConclusionOLIF can provide significant corrections that reduce the need for a Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) or a pedicular subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for additional correction during posterior instrumentation. Deformities involving the T-spine or T-L junction, severe PI-LL mismatches, and cage subsidence are the possible causes of suboptimal corrections with OLIF using the two-stage protocol.
Green dielectric solids using PLA and luffa fiber modified by the medical linear accelerator
Authors: Dalai Sonismita , Parida Chhatrapati 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biodegradable electronic devices are presently in command in various sectors mainly in the health care system. The present work comprehends the dielectric properties of biodegradable composites made from biodegradable polymer poly (lactic) acid (PLA) and natural fiber of luffa cylindrical (LC) fabricated using micro compounding and injection molding. LC fibers are agricultural waste, rich in cellulose.LC fibers were exposed to a 6 MeV electron beam of doses 0.5Gy, 1.0Gy, 2.0Gy, 4.0Gy, and 10.0 Gy generated from a medical linear accelerator(LINAC) in presence of air. Such low doses are normally used for the treatment of cancer patients and not for modifying polymers where doses in the range of 20-200KGy are used. The effect of such low irradiation dose on fiber and study if any significant changes taking place is the innovative aspect of the present work. The effects of irradiation dose on dielectric constant and ac conductivity were investigated at different temperatures 260C, 40oC, 60oC, and 80oC while keeping the frequency constant. The increase in dielectric constant from 57 in virgin PLA at 260C,500Hz to a maximum of 84 in the composite sample due to reinforcement of low dose irradiated LC fibers recording a 49% increase is an important result of the investigation.
The Prevalence of Suspected Child Abuse in Children With Constipation: A Case-control Study
Authors: Vriesman Mana , Bosschaart Thekla F. Vrolijk , Brilleslijper-Kater Sonja N. , Teeuw Arianne H. , Lindauer Ramón J.L. , Lee Johanna H. van der , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A possible association between child abuse and neglect (CAN) and functional constipation (FC) has been described in adults, however, limited data are available in children. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) in children with functional constipation (FC) as compared to their healthy peers.A case-control study was carried out in children aged 3-10 years. Children with FC were recruited at a tertiary outpatient clinic, and healthy controls were recruited at schools. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires about the history and behavior of their child, children were inquired using a semi-structured interview about experienced traumatic events and sexual knowledge. The interview was scored by two independent observers. The prevalence of suspected CAN was determined according to the questionnaires and interview. In total, 228 children with FC and 153 healthy controls were included. Both groups were age and gender comparable (50% females, median age 6 years (NS)). Significantly more parents of children with FC had a low education level as compared to parents of healthy controls (66.2% vs. 32.7%, p<0.001). No significant difference in the prevalence of suspected CAN was found between children with FC and healthy controls (23.3% vs. 30.1%, 95% CI 0.44-1.12, p=0.14), including a suspicion of sexual, emotional and physical abuse. Conclusion: Suspected CAN was detected in both children with FC as in healthy controls. The possible association between CAN and FC in children could not be confirmed.
Effect of COVID-19-related Interruption of Visiting Dental Services on Pneumonia in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Ito Kayoko , Ochiai Yuto , Ashiga Hirokazu , Hayashi Hirokazu , Iizumi Tomoko , Suzuki Taku , Michimi Noboru , Hanagata Tetsuo , Kulvanich Sirima , Nagoya Kouta , Watanabe Masahiro , Magara Jin , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background :The occurrence of pneumonia is strongly associated with oral health in older people. The study aim was to clarify the effect of the suspension of visiting dental services on the occurrence of pneumoniaduring thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods :A self-administered postal questionnaire survey was conducted in 215 nursing homes in Japan. The questionnaire assessed the provision of visiting dental services and the interruption of theseservices following COVID-19emergency restrictions. Pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality rates were examinedfor January–June 2019 and January–June 2020. Results :Of facilities receiving visiting dental services, 37.7%had interruptions tothoseservices. Overall, pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality rates were lower in 2020 compared with 2019.In those facilities with nointerruptions, rates were significantly lower in 2020 compared with 2019,whereasthere was no significant difference between 2019 and 2020 in facilities with interruptions.Conclusion :Continuous dental services in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic led to lower rates of pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality.