bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the complexity of system-level leadership in the English schooling landscape
Authors: Constantinides Michalis 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role and leadership practices of executive leaders in English multi-academy trusts (MATs) considering the meaning of system-level leadership and its perceived impact on schools' improvement processes, conditions and culture.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was guided by an ecological systems approach emphasizing the interactions between the micro-, meso-, macro-, exo- and chronosystems, and was used to develop context-sensitive accounts of leadership across groups of schools. It involves interview-based multi-perspective case studies using a sample of five MATs and collecting data from 31 interviews with various school and MAT leaders.FindingsThe primacy of leadership at the executive level was central to efforts for school and MAT transformation and that was evident throughout the findings of the study. System leadership was multifaceted and was understood through the multiple layers of the organizational structure of MATs. Four major domains of practice highlight the efforts of these leaders to address complex and systemic challenges. These are setting strategic directions, developing people and organizational capacity, establishing organizational infrastructure to support schools' improvement efforts and providing instructional guidance.Originality/valueFindings reveal new empirical data about the role of executive leaders in English MATs and highlight the ways in which they seek to establish, manage and sustain school and MAT-wide improvement providing the research with a holistic idea of system leadership.
Influence of middle management on dynamic capabilities
Authors: Cruz Marina de Almeida , Corrêa Victor Silva , Diniz Daniela Martins , Borini Felipe Mendes 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe dynamic capabilities (DC) literature focuses primarily on top managers. Although recent studies have drawn attention to middle management's (MM) relevance, these professionals have not been the focus of much attention in the DC literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and how MM influences DC dimensions.Design/methodology/approachThrough a qualitative strategy and case-study method, 13 MM professionals from four Brazilian companies embedded in competitive and dynamic contexts were investigated. The “micro-practices” approach was used to operationalize the DC construct.FindingsThe evidence shows that MM influences DC dimensions. This influence appears to emanate from 19 identified and named micro-practices.Practical implicationsBy examining how micro-practices (micro-level) influence macro-level DC dimensions, this article raises the significance of including the micro-practices identified herein in management-training programs.Originality/valueThe first relates to the identification of micro-practices within the MM scope. The second relates to the association of micro-practices with management functions. The third relates to the association of micro-practices with DC dimensions. Thereby, this article highlights how DC work in organizations' daily activities. The fourth is the construction of a framework that demonstrates how to integrate the DC micro (micro-practices), meso (managerial functions) and macro (DC dimensions) scopes. Fifth, this paper affirms the emerging research stream that stresses MM's relevance for DC generation.
Use of social media information sources: a systematic literature review
Authors: Khatri Deepti 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate reading format preference of undergraduate students with regard to various categories of information sources and use of social media information sources for academic and non-academic activities.Design/methodology/approachAn exhaustive literature review was carried out in a very well organised way using total 56 publications which include 48 research papers, four conference papers, two books and two reports, which were selected for analysis on the basis of prescribed data schema and adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria matching with the research objectives of the study.FindingsUndergraduate students preferred text books in print format for passing the exams, and use of search engines and Internet sites were rated as the most crucial source for the academic information. In particular, Wikipedia, YouTube and Blogs were the most frequently used social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic activities. However, Facebook and Twitter were most prominently used for social interaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of the study was restricted to the homogenous group of users, i.e. undergraduate students to examine their choices and preferences for their academic and non-academic activities. Further research studies may be conducted covering the more diverse and heterogeneous user group of postgraduate students and research scholars of different disciplines.Originality/valueGenerally, many previous research studies depicted users' preference for print and electronic media format without paying special attention on the usage of a variety of information sources by user groups. However, the present study is a value addition to the existing literature which emphasised the use of various categories of information sources, particularly by undergraduate students in print and digital format for different purposes in the digital environment. A major shift from the use of print media to digital media to social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic and non-academic activities.
Validation of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for tinea unguium diagnosis
Authors: Tsuboi Ryoji , Mochizuki Takashi , Ito Haruo , Kawano Shiomi , Suzuki Yosuke , Naka Wataru , Hata Yasuki , Hamaguchi Taizo , Maruyama Ryuji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTinea unguium is a common nail disease caused by dermatophytes. Although direct potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and fungal culture are considered the gold standard for diagnosing this disease, their accuracy is insufficient. A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) kit, using a monoclonal antibody against Trichophyton rubrum, was developed and its sensitivity was recently improved 50% in vitro relative to its earlier version. The present study aimed to validate the clinical utility of this improved LFIA kit for diagnosing tinea unguium in comparison with direct KOH microscopy. A similar trial was simultaneously performed using scale samples from patients with tinea pedis to determine the assay’s diagnostic potential. Nail samples, approximately 2 mg in weight, were collected from 112 non‐treated tinea unguium patients and 56 non‐tinea unguium patients. Samples from 25 tinea pedis patients and 20 non‐tinea pedis patients were also collected. The sensitivity and specificity of the LFIA kit for tinea unguium was 84.8% (95/112) (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.8–90.9) and 83.9% (47/56) (95% CI, 71.7–92.4), respectively. The inconsistency rate was 15.5% (26/168) (95% CI, 10.4–21.9). The sensitivity and specificity of the LFIA kit for tinea pedis was 84.0% (21/25) and 100.0% (20/20), respectively. These results suggest that for diagnosing tinea unguium, the LFIA kit is a useful supplement to, but not a replacement for, direct KOH microscopy. For definitive diagnosis of suspected cases, appropriate sampling, repeated examinations, and a combination of diagnostic techniques are essential.
The resilience of coastal ecosystems: A functional trait‐based perspective
Authors: De Battisti Davide 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems provide important services to human population, such as nurseries for fish, carbon storage and coastal protection. However, the pressure faced by these systems due to global changes will strongly challenge the capacity of coastal ecosystems to persist. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the resilience of coastal ecosystems.

Here, I propose that combining a resilience framework based on ecosystem properties with the functional trait response–effect framework would allow researchers and managers to quantify the resilience of coastal ecosystems. I place emphasis on salt marsh and sand dunes because of the higher availability of studies for these systems.

First, I introduce the resilience framework based on ecosystem properties and, second, I show how adopting a functional trait perspective in this framework would allow researchers to link how environmental changes influence ecosystem properties. In turn, measuring the changes in ecosystem properties would allow researchers to measure the resilience of the system.

Synthesis. I reviewed several types of disturbances (e.g. storms and sea‐level rise) that are threatening the persistence of coastal ecosystems, with an emphasis on salt marshes and sand dunes. Applying this resilience framework reveals, for instance, that the same suite of traits (e.g. plant density and stiffness) increase marsh resistance to multiple threats (e.g. storms and sea‐level rise); yet, these traits vary along environmental gradients (e.g. along estuaries) and, therefore, the resilience of marshes vary accordingly. Overall, this framework would allow researchers to gather crucial insights on the resilience of coastal ecosystems and to set reference marks for measuring their resilience under environmental changes.
Tree recruitment failure in old‐growth forest patches across human‐modified rainforests
Authors: Arasa‐Gisbert Ricard , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Galán‐Acedo Carmen , Meave Jorge A. , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Land‐use change threatens biodiversity in tropical landscapes, but its impact on rainforest regeneration remains poorly known. In fact, the landscape‐scale patterns driving the diversity of regenerating plants within forest fragments have been rarely explored, and we are uncertain whether such drivers vary across regions with different land‐use change patterns.

We assessed the effect of landscape composition (forest cover and matrix openness) and configuration (forest patch density) on species diversity of sapling assemblages (trees ≥30 cm height and <1 cm diameter) in old‐growth forest fragments from three Mexican rainforest regions with different disturbance levels (n = 20 landscapes per region). We separately assessed old‐growth forest specialists (OGS) and forest generalist (FG) species to test the hypotheses that: (a) OGS species show recruitment limitation (‘loser’ species), and can therefore be negatively impacted by landscape changes, especially by forest loss and matrix openness in more deforested regions; and (b) FG species can regenerate and even proliferate in more disturbed landscapes (‘winner’ species).

We recorded ~24,000 plants from 415 species. Landscape composition showed stronger effects than landscape configuration. The diversity of OGS species generally decreased in more deforested landscapes dominated by open matrices, and FG species followed the opposite response, especially in the regions with high‐to‐intermediate degree of disturbance. Overall, forest fragmentation (patch density) showed weak or no effects on species diversity, especially after controlling for forest cover effects (i.e. fragmentation per se). In contrast to the fragmentation threshold hypothesis, the effect of fragmentation was independent of the regional context. Moreover, FG species were affected by landscape attributes operating at larger scales than OGS species.

Synthesis. Our findings support our hypotheses, and suggest that forest loss and matrix openness, not fragmentation per se, can cause the recruitment failure of tree assemblages in highly deforested rainforests. This can be related to source and dispersal limitation in more deforested landscapes with treeless matrices. Therefore, to promote the regenerative potential (resilience) of forest patches in human‐modified tropical landscapes, conservation programs should focus on preventing forest loss (even the smallest forest patches) and improving matrix quality with treed elements, particularly in highly deforested tropical regions.
Return to work and cancer: Perspectives of occupational therapists
Authors: Hatton Rebecca , Wallis Amy , Chew Angela , Stanley Mandy , Smith Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionProgress in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer has translated into more people in Australia living with and beyond cancer. Therefore, there is a larger number of people returning to work following cancer treatment while managing ongoing symptoms of cancer, and side effects of treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers for return to work for someone with cancer, from the perspective of occupational therapists.MethodThis study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were recruited via key contacts within the industry and relevant interest groups, and included eight occupational therapists with experience supporting someone with cancer to return to work. Data were collected in semi‐structured in‐depth Interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.FindingsTwo main themes were developed; expectations of the cancer experience versus reality, and vulnerability during return to work. Occupational therapists perceived that the person with cancer, employers, family members, co‐workers, and society underestimate the impact of ongoing cancer symptoms on return to work. Return to work was challenging as survivors face unexpected challenges due to ongoing fatigue, cognitive difficulties, or psychological factors. Fear of relapse, concerns regarding disclosure affecting how people with cancer are perceived at work, and worries of leaving the high levels of professional support during treatment, also affected return to work.ConclusionFindings from this study may contribute to occupational therapists and people with cancer setting realistic expectations for the return to work experience. Furthermore, it may provide support for occupational therapists to work more effectively with their clients to facilitate a smoother transition back to work as a cancer survivor.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ropivacaine extended‐release from a temperature‐responsive hydrogel in rats
Authors: Bang Ji‐Yeon , Nam Sugeun , Hwang Chang‐Soon , Lee Eun‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Moon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTherapeutic agents with a short half‐life need to be administered frequently to achieve sustained and effective concentrations. This could be accomplished using sustained drug delivery technology. PF‐72 (TGel Bio, Inc., Seoul, Korea) is a drug delivery system based on a powder obtained from lyophilisation of a reverse thermal hydrogel, which could assist in achieving prolonged pain relief if mixed with an anaesthetic and injected into the incision site following surgery. The pharmacokinetic parameters related to the absorption of the local anaesthetic ropivacaine delivered using this hydrogel were quantified. Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5 each), and equal doses (4 mg/kg) of different formulations were subcutaneously injected into the abdomen. The experimental group received PF‐72 mixed with 0.75% ropivacaine, and the control group received 0.75% ropivacaine. Blood was collected at specific times to measure the plasma concentration of ropivacaine. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM VII level 4 (ICON Development Solutions, Dublin, Ireland). The one‐compartment absorption model, which combines zero‐order absorption and first‐order absorption, was used to describe the change in ropivacaine plasma concentration over time. The type of formulation was a significant covariate for zero‐order absorption duration (experimental group, 92.9 min; control group, 60.5 min). The addition of PF‐72 to 0.75% ropivacaine increased the duration of absorption into the blood, suggesting a longer lasting effect of the analgesic injected into the surgical wound.
The Gender Wars, Academic Freedom and Education
Authors: Suissa Judith , Sullivan Alice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Philosophical arguments regarding academic freedom can sometimes appear removed from the real conflicts playing out in contemporary universities. This paper focusses on a set of issues at the front line of these conflicts, namely, questions regarding sex, gender and gender identity. We document the ways in which the work of academics has been affected by political activism around these questions and, drawing on our respective disciplinary expertise as a sociologist and a philosopher, elucidate the costs of curtailing discussion on fundamental demographic and conceptual categories. We discuss some philosophical work that addresses the conceptual distinction between academic freedom and free speech and explore how these notions are intertwined in significant ways in universities. Our discussion elucidates and emphasises the educational costs of curtailing academic freedom.
Combatting Corruption and Collusion in UK Public Procurement: Proposals for Post‐Brexit Reform
Authors: Jones Alison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvery year the UK government spends billions of pounds purchasing goods, works and services that are vital to growth, development, health and social welfare. Performed well, public procurement helps a government to nurture competition, save money, and provide better public services. These benefits will not be reaped, however, if the system is not protected adequately from distortion by corruption and/or supplier collusion. This paper concludes that additional measures are required to protect the integrity of procurement processes in England & Wales through improving the distinct public procurement, anti‐corruption and competition regimes and uniting them around a cohesive strategy. It advocates policy coordination and enhancements designed to yield major benefits to public procurement as the UK seeks to develop its own policies post‐Brexit and to grapple with the demands that the Covid‐19 pandemic has placed on public purchasing and the public purse.
Public support for social security in 66 countries: Prosperity, inequality, and household income as interactive causes
Authors: Andersen Robert , Curtis Joshua , Brym Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is widely accepted that support for government intervention is highest among people in lower socioeconomic positions, during economic recessions and in less prosperous countries. However, the relationship between income inequality and attitudes toward government intervention is less clear. We contribute new insights to both questions by exploring how subjective household income, economic prosperity, and income inequality interact to influence attitudes. Using mixed‐effects and country fixed‐effects models fitted to data from 66 countries, we demonstrate that income inequality has a strong positive impact on attitudes toward government intervention in rich countries but no discernable effect in poor countries. Concomitantly, the impact of economic prosperity differs by level of inequality. It has little effect when income inequality is relatively low, a weakening effect as inequality rises, and no apparent effect when inequality is high. Consistent with these findings, the effect of subjective household income on attitudes toward government intervention is strongest in countries that are simultaneously very prosperous and highly unequal. Taken together, these findings suggest that if inequality continues to rise, especially in rich countries, public demand for social spending will eventually increase as well.
Age‐stage, two‐sex life tables of the maple poison moth (Lymantria nebulosa Wileman) at different ambient temperatures
Authors: Lei Ling , Huang Hui Jing , Yi Jin Yu , Qiu Lin , Ding Wen Bin , He Hua Liang , Yi Tu Yong , Li You Zhi , Xue Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe maple poison moth (MPM), Lymantria nebulosa (Wileman), is a Lepidopteran defoliator and one of the most important pests of Liquidambar formosana Hance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of temperature on the population growth and reproduction of this species. MPM were raised in artificial climate chambers in a laboratory at 21 ± 1°C, 24 ± 1°C, 27 ± 1°C, 30 ± 1°C, 33 ± 1°C and 36 ± 1°C, under a relative humidity (RH) of 70% ± 10% and a 14 L:10D photoperiod, and age‐stage, two‐sex life tables complied for insects at each temperature. The developmental duration, adult preoviposition period and overall preoviposition period decreased with temperature in a time‐dependent manner. The growth curves of the different temperature groups overlapped considerably. The highest larval survival rate (80%) was recorded at 30 ± 1°C. At 36°C only a few eggs hatched and the first instar could not complete the first molt. We consequently regard 36°C as the lethal temperature threshold for this species. Life expectancy decreased with age under all six temperatures. The endogenous growth rate was significantly lower at 21 ± 1°C than at the other temperatures, and was highest in 30 ± 1°C group. The net growth rate of the 30 ± 1°C group was also significantly higher than others. Reproductive parameters were highest at 27 ± 1°C and 30 ± 1°C. Although environmental factors absent from the laboratory environment may limit the generality of our results, they nonetheless provide a theoretical basis for developing integrated control methods for MPM in the wild.
HRM and the COVID‐19 pandemic: How can we stop making a bad situation worse?
Authors: Butterick Mark , Charlwood Andy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis provocation argues that the COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed deep labour market inequalities. Partially underpinning these inequalities are human resource management (HRM) theories and practices which encourage and legitimise the commodification of labour. Workers whose jobs have been commodified have suffered disproportionately during the pandemic. While HRM is not wholly responsible for this suffering it is important for those of us involved in researching, teaching and practicing HRM to reflect on the ways in which what we do has made a bad situation worse so that we can do better in the future.
Prevalence and risk factors for falls in patients with spondyloarthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Lim Grace Rui Si , Ng Caitlin Hsuen , Kwan Yu Heng , Fong Warren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) may have a greater risk of falling due to poor postural balance and decreased mobility. To our best knowledge, there are no published reviews that study falls in patients with SpA. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the literature and identify the prevalence and risk factors of falls in patients with SpA.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using 5 electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using controlled vocabulary terms (eg MeSH terms) in the search strategy for the concepts: falls, fall risk, SpA and its subtypes.ResultsWe identified 7279 articles, of which 3 studies with a total of 441 patients were included. Prevalence of falls ranged from 13% to 25%. We identified 16 main factors across 5 categories. Under socio‐demographic factors, functional limitation, decreased quality of life, advanced age and job loss were associated with an increased risk of falls. Poor balance and mobility and fear of falling were associated with increased risk of falls. Active disease and symptoms of SpA were medical factors that were associated with increased risk of falls. Medication factors including polypharmacy, myorelaxants and antidepressants were not associated with increased fall risk.ConclusionWe identified potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased risk of falls in patients with SpA, including functional limitation, poor balance and mobility, fear of falling and active disease. Clinicians should recognize these factors and address them in the holistic management of patients with SpA, thereby reducing falls and their complications.