bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xenotime at the Nanoscale: U‐Pb Geochronology and Optimisation of Analyses by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Joseph Cilva , Fougerouse Denis , Saxey David W. , Verberne Rick , Reddy Steven M. , Rickard William D. A. 
Published: June 2021

Xenotime (YPO4) is an accessory phase common in low to high‐temperature geological environments. Xenotime is an established geochronometer, though its small size, low modal abundance and textural complexity make it more difficult to analyse with traditional techniques but makes a prime candidate for nanoscale analysis. In this study, we develop an atom probe tomography (APT) protocol to determine the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ages of micro‐scale xenotime crystals with analytical volumes four to six orders of magnitude smaller than typical geochronology techniques. A linear correlation between the 206Pb/238U fractionation and 238UO22+/238UO2+ was used to correct for the atom probe instrument parameters variability between specimens. For 207Pb/206Pb ages, we employed two methods of background correction owing to the 206Pb2+ thermal tail contribution to the 207Pb2+ counts: A constant background correction for the younger (˜ 1000 Ma) Y1 reference material and a variable correction of background for Archaean age reference material xtc to correct for the thermal tail influence. This contribution also proposes strategies for optimisation of xenotime analysis using APT and permits us to explore the various geological problems in the nanoscale realm. This methodology potentially allows determining the age of small xenotime crystals in sedimentary rocks, low metamorphic grade settings and deformation microstructures.
Gender inequality in an “Equal” environment
Authors: Caven Valerie , Navarro Astor Elena , Urbanavičienė Vita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLithuania, as a part of the former Soviet Union, has a long‐standing history of perceived equality for women in the workplace. Women played an equal role in economic production as it was a constitutional expectation that all citizens had both a right and an obligation to work. Consequently, at the time of independence in 1990 the levels of participation of women in the workplace including at managerial and professional levels were much higher than other western European countries. In architecture, women achieved parity in terms of numbers, but this equality did not transfer into all aspects of economic activity. Drawing on qualitative survey and interview data from 31 Lithuanian women architects, our findings show, despite the historical emphasis on equality, the existence of a “critical mass” of women in the profession and the adoption of EU gender equality policy, the position of women remains poor with clear evidence of sex discrimination, harassment, and lack of opportunities for career advancement.
Monitoring of von Willebrand factor inhibitors in patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease using a quantitative assay
Authors: Miller Connie H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies inhibiting von Willebrand factor (VWF) develop in a subset of patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD3) and may be detected by their inhibition of ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo). Some also inhibit factor VIII activity (VIII:C).AimTo describe monitoring of ten VWD3 patients for VWF inhibitors using a quantitative assay.MethodsVWF inhibitor was measured by comparing VWF:RCo activity of a mix of patient and pooled normal plasma (PNP) with a mix of buffer and PNP, using agglutination of fixed normal platelets in microtiter plates or lyophilized platelets in an aggregometer. VIII:C inhibitor was measured by Bethesda assay. Preanalytical heat treatment of patient plasma was used during treatment episodes.ResultsFour of 10 patients monitored developed VWF inhibitors, two detected during bleeding episodes refractory to treatment and two on routine screening. Data from the first five patients were used to establish an arbitrary unit, VWU, defined as the amount of inhibitor per millilitre of patient plasma inactivating 25% of the activity of 1 mL of PNP. In three of four patients, both VWF:RCo and VIIII:C were inhibited at some time points, although VIII:C inhibition sometimes disappeared. In one patient, no VIII:C inhibition was seen. Two patients remained inhibitor positive more than 15 years after inhibitor detection, one became negative following immune tolerance induction, and one was deceased.ConclusionsVWF inhibitors can be quantitatively monitored in VWD3 patients. Preanalytical heat treatment may be required for their detection post infusion.
How do calorie‐ending and price‐ending matter in the food consumption decision making?
Authors: Kim Jihye , Kim Minseong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study conducted two experiments to investigate the relationship among calorie‐ending, health motivation, price‐ending and desire to save money from food consumption. For Study 1, an online experiment employing a 2 (culinary tour advertisement: up to 1,999 calories per day vs. up to 2,000 calories per day) × 2 (health motivation: high or low) between‐subjects design was conducted. For Study 2, an online experiment employing a 2 (price‐ending: 1,999 calories culinary tour at $60.00 vs. 1,999 calories culinary tour at $59.99) × 2 (health motivation: high or low) × 2 (level of desire to save money: high or low) between‐subjects design was conducted. Study 1’s findings indicated that highly health‐motivated consumers are more likely to purchase a culinary tour with 1,999 calories and feel anticipated guilt for participating in a culinary tour with 2,000 calories. Study 2 found a significant three‐way interaction between health motivation, desire to save money from consumption and price‐ending with odd‐ending calories via a three‐way ANOVA. The findings revealed a statistically significant, simple two‐way interaction between health motivation and desire to save money from consumption of the 1,999 calories culinary tour at $59.99, but not for the 1,999 calories culinary tour at $60.00. Foodservice marketers need to use calorie information based on the left‐digit or level effect, to lead consumers to simultaneously reduce a level of anticipated guilt for purchasing the culinary tour and enjoy the provided foods and drinks.
Measuring residual anti‐Xa activity of direct factor Xa inhibitors after reversal with andexanet alfa
Authors: Bourdin Matthieu , Perrotin Delphine , Mathieu Olivier , Herve Tristan , Depasse François , Lu Genmin , Conley Pamela B. , Contant Geneviève 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAndexanet alfa (AnXa) was developed for anticoagulant effect reversal of direct factor Xa inhibitors (DXaI) (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban) in emergency situations. Regular anti‐Xa assays are not suitable to evaluate anti‐Xa activity after AnXa administration because of the high sample dilution resulting in the AnXa‐DXaI dissociation which gives inaccurately high DXaI measured concentrations. This study aimed at developing dedicated STA‐Liquid anti‐Xa test set‐ups for accurately measuring DXaI after reversal with AnXa.MethodsModified anti‐Xa test set‐ups, with reduced sample dilution, were developed to overcome regular assays limitations and to improve measured accuracy with results comparable to Portola microplate reference method used in clinical studies. Both regular and optimized assays were used to measure DXaI concentration in AnXa‐containing samples. Quality controls, normal pooled plasma spiked with five DXaI and three AnXa concentrations, samples from DXaI‐treated patients spiked with AnXa and ex vivo healthy volunteers having received both DXaI and AnXa were used.ResultsThe lower limit of quantitation of optimized anti‐Xa assays was <10 ng/mL with CVs ≤10%. DXaI samples containing 300 ng/mL and 1 µmol/L AnXa resulted in DXaI residual concentrations of 29‐72 ng/mL depending on the DXaI (76%‐90% reversal), compared to 20‐28 ng/mL with reference method (92%‐94% reversal) and 135‐165 ng/mL with regular assays (about 50% reversal).ConclusionModified test set‐ups are automated alternative to reference method with improved precision and reproducibility. They can be run in all laboratories where regular anti‐Xa assays are performed using commercially available reagents.
Prevalence, causes and associated mortality of hypercalcaemia in modern hospital care
Authors: Thillainadesan Senthil , Twigg Stephen M. , Perera Nimalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies examining hypercalcaemia in inpatients were largely published over 20 years ago, and it is likely the epidemiology of hypercalcaemia has changed related to increased lifespan and changes in the prevalence of the underlying causes such as malignancy.AimTo explore the epidemiology of hypercalcaemia in a modern tertiary hospital setting in Australia and evaluate the risk of mortality associated with hypercalcaemia.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in all inpatients with elevated blood calcium levels admitted from July 2013 to June 2018. ICD coding data identified primary diagnoses and mortality. Electronic medical records were reviewed in n = 292 patients admitted across 12 months from January to December 2017, to determine the causes of hypercalcaemia.ResultsHypercalcaemia occurred in 1819 admissions (0.93% of all hospital admissions), during the 5‐year period. The admission primary diagnoses were: malignancy (20% of cases), cardiovascular disease (17%) and gastrointestinal disease (11%). The top causes of hypercalcaemia among the 292 cases where electronic records were reviewed were malignancy (26%), primary hyperparathyroidism (25%) and hyperparathyroidism in the setting of chronic kidney disease (12%). Mortality occurred in 17% of these admissions. Non‐survivors had significantly higher calcium levels, phosphate and white cell count, and had lower haemoglobin and albumin levels.ConclusionHypercalcaemia occurred in ~1% of admissions with main causes being malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism, similar to historical studies. Hypercalcaemia in hospitalised patients is associated with high mortality and higher levels may be a marker for more severe underlying disease.
Design and implementation of flexible advanced training in rheumatology: report of a pilot programme
Authors: Anandacoomarasamy Ananthila , Richards Bethan , Ward Louise , Langford Kiri , Wallace Genevieve , Sinclair Tim , Anderson Teresa , Barnsley Les 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraining in medicine is highly demanding and coincides with critical life tasks including relationship development, childbearing and rearing. The rigid requirements of training programmes risk precluding successful achievement of these extracurricular roles, forcing choices between work and other life commitments. Flexible employment structures that facilitate the development of high‐quality physicians are needed.AimTo assess the outcomes of 2 novel flexible training positions in Rheumatology.MethodsThe clinical department, trainees and senior administration designed flexible, part‐time advanced training positions in rheumatology. We sought to deliver excellent training, supervision and support while ensuring safe, efficient clinical service delivery within existing systems and cultures. Barriers to implementation were actively identified. We rejected job share arrangements in favour of independent part‐time positions anchored to departmental education, clinical and trainee needs. The outcomes of these positions have been determined through regular trainee meetings, clinic activity and costs.ResultsTrainees achieved all training requirements, reported high levels of job satisfaction, strong professional development, improved work−life balance and reduction of stress. Outpatient events increased and waiting times have decreased. We estimate that increased rebatable outpatient services have rendered the positions cost neutral.ConclusionFlexible training positions can enhance clinical departments while enabling high‐quality training for junior doctors. Further work should consider longer term outcomes and application to different clinical and training settings.
Understanding the decision‐making in small‐scale beef cattle herd management through a mathematical programming model
Authors: Hlavatý Robert , Krejčí Igor , Houška Milan , Moulis Pavel , Rydval Jan , Pitrová Jana , Pilař Ladislav , Horáková Tereza , Tichá Ivana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe address the issue of managing beef herds from the perspective of small‐scale farmers and propose an optimization model applicable to the conditions of the Czech Republic. Our research focused on optimization under existing system conditions with established procedures. We present a linear programming model of beef herd development over a 10‐year period that considers the limited capacity of small‐scale farms. The key decision‐making variables represent the acquisition of heifers and the selection of heifers for fattening and breeding. For 102 selected scenarios, we demonstrate the impact of proper heifer acquisition and farmers’ profit sensitivity on the key parameters. For the key parameters, we identify thresholds that determine the sustainability of small‐scale Czech beef farms. The proposed model demonstrates the crucial impact of subsidies on the profitability of beef farms. A 24% decrease in subsidies is shown to be the threshold at which a farmer's optimal strategy is to leave the market.
Psoriasis: Embarking a dynamic shift in the skin microbiota
Authors: Gupta Mrinal , Weinberg Jeffrey M. , Yamauchi Paul S. , Patil Anant , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent interest has arisen regarding the role of microbiome and its composition in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Numerous studies have shown that there are alterations in skin flora arrangement between normal individuals and psoriatic patients. Psoriasis exacerbation could be interconnected with epidermal or mucosal colonization with streptococci, Malassezia, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans. The role of cutaneous and gut microbiome in psoriasis pathogenesis has recently been studied in both human and animal models. In this review, we try to evaluate various pathogenic mechanisms linking the microbiota and psoriasis. The literature research included peer‐reviewed articles which included clinical trials, original reports, and scientific reviews. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched from January 1990 to March 2021, including the reference lists of articles meeting our criteria.
Burkitt lymphoma of the head and neck: An international collaborative study
Authors: Arboleda Lady Paola Aristizabal , Rodrigues‐Fernandes Carla Isabelly , Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Abrahão Aline Corrêa , Agostini Michelle , Romañach Mário José , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Robinson Liam , van Heerden Willie F. P. , Carlos Román , Tager Elena María José Román , Hoffmann Iva Loureiro , Cardinalli Izilda Aparecida , de Mendonça Regina Maria Holanda , de Vasconcelos Carvalho Marianne , Martins‐de‐Barros Allan Vinícius , Rocha André Caroli , Khurram Syed Ali , Speight Paul M. , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Vargas Pablo Agustin , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma with three variants (endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency‐associated), presenting with specific epidemiological and clinical features. Burkitt lymphoma affects the head and neck region (BLHN) in approximately 10% of cases. The aim of this study was to undertake a comparative analysis of the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of BLHN diagnosed in patients from Africa, Guatemala, and Brazil.MethodsCases diagnosed as BLHN were collected from the files of six oral pathology laboratory services (Brazil, South Africa, and Guatemala) and one Brazilian pediatric oncology hospital from 1986 to 2020. Clinicopathological and IHC data, and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) status by in situ hybridization data for each case were reviewed and described.ResultsOf the 52 cases, BLHN was predominant in pediatric patients [43 (82.69%)] and males [43 (82.69%)], with a mean age of 11.26 ± 9.68 years (range, 1‐39 years). Neck and cervical lymph nodes [14 (26.92%)], and involvement of both maxilla and mandible [8 (15.38%)], were the most common anatomical sites. Clinically, tumor/swelling [40 (31.25%)], cervical lymphadenopathy [14 (10.94%)], pain [12 (9.38%)], and bone destruction [12 (9.38%)] were frequent findings. All cases showed typical morphological characteristics of BL. IHC profiles included positivity for CD20 [52 (100%)], CD10 [38 (79.17%)], Bcl6 [29 (87.88%)], and c‐Myc protein [18 (81.82%)]. EBV was positive in 18 cases (62.07%). The Ki‐67 index ranged from 90 to 100%.ConclusionThe clinicopathological and EBV profile of BLHN in South African, Guatemalan, and Brazilian patients is similar.
Bidirectional legal socialization and the boundaries of law: The case of enclave communities’ compliance with COVID‐19 regulations
Authors: Barak‐Corren Netta , Perry‐Hazan Lotem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has challenged people worldwide to comply with strict lock‐downs and meticulous healthcare instructions. Can states harness enclave communities to comply with the law in such crucial times, even when compliance conflicts with communal sources of authority? We investigated this question through the case of Israeli ultra‐Orthodox schools compliance with COVID‐19 regulations. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with school principals, documents and media sources, and a field survey, we found that the state has the capacity to quickly internalize new norms and harness the cooperation of previously suspicious communities. At the same time, we found that communal authorities were able to shield widespread communal defiance from legal enforcement. These findings expose the bidirectionality of legal socialization: As the community uses its defiance power to attenuate the law, it socializes public authorities to accede to their bounded authority. As public authorities come to realize that the community cannot be brought to full compliance, they curtail enforcement efforts and socialize the community to operate outside the law. Our findings animate the reciprocity assumption in legal socialization theory and highlight one of the crucial tasks for the next 50 years of research: to examine the bidirectionality of legal socialization and discover its socio‐legal effects.
Legal socialization: Back to the future
Authors: Tyler Tom R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe articles in this volume highlight resurgence of interest in the topic of legal socialization. Legal and moral socialization was central to the writing of classic social theorists around the beginning of the 20th century, and was an important research topic in the 1970s. It has been less widely studied in recent decades. Renewed attention to legal socialization today is a result of both developments in psychology and of emerging societal issues. In particular, a renewed societal focus on how to create a viable and sustainable social order has again drawn attention to legal socialization. In response, as this volume illustrates, psychologists have increased and broadened their efforts to understand legal socialization. They have addressed the issue using new theoretical models, have considered a broader set of sources of socialization, and have paid heightened attention to the experience of traditionally marginalized members of society.
Clock‐controlled arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (aaNAT) regulates circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, via melatonin/MT2‐like receptor
Authors: Kamruzzaman A. S. M. , Hiragaki Susumu , Watari Yasuhiko , Natsukawa Takashi , Yasuhara Akie , Ichihara Naoyuki , Mohamed Amr A. , Elgendy Azza M. , Takeda Makio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMelatonin (MEL) orchestrates daily and seasonal rhythms (eg, locomotion, sleep/wake cycles, and migration among other rhythms) in diverse organisms. We investigated the effects of pharmacological doses (0.03‐1 mM) of exogenous MEL intake in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, on locomotor activity. As per os MEL concentration increased, cockroach locomotor rhythm in light‐dark (LD) cycles became more synchronized. The ratio of night activity to 24‐h activity increased and the acrophase (peak) slightly advanced. MEL application also influenced total activity bouts in the free‐running rhythm. Since MEL slightly influenced τ in the free‐running rhythms, it is not a central element of the circadian pacemaker but must influence mutual coupling of multi‐oscillatory system components. Arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (aaNAT) regulates enzymatic production of MEL. aaNAT activities vary in circadian rhythms, and the immunoreactive aaNAT (aaNAT‐ir) is colocalized with the key clock proteins cycle (CYC)‐ir and pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF)‐ir These are elements of the central pacemaker and its output pathway as well as other circadian landmarks such as the anterior and posterior optic commissures (AOC and POC, respectively). It also partially shares immunohistochemical reactivity with PER‐ir and DBT‐ir neurons. We analyzed the role of Pamericana aaNAT1 (PaaaNAT1) (AB106562.1) by injecting dsRNAaaNAT1. qPCR showed a decrease in accumulations of mRNAs encoding PaaaNAT1. The injections led to arrhythmicity in LD cycles and the arrhythmicity persisted in constant dark (DD). Continuous administration of MEL resynchronized the rhythm after arrhythmicity was induced by dsRNAaaNAT1 injection, suggesting that PaaaNAT is the key regulator of the circadian system in the cockroach via MEL production. PaaaNAT1 contains putative E−box regions which may explain its tight circadian control. The receptor that mediates MEL function is most likely similar to the mammalian MT2, because injecting the competitive MT2 antagonist luzindole blocked MEL function, and MEL injection after luzindole treatment restored MT function. Human MT2‐ir was localized in the circadian neurons in the cockroach brain and subesophageal ganglion. We infer that MEL and its synthesizing enzyme, aaNAT, constitute at least one circadian output pathway of locomotor activity either as a distinct route or in association with PDF system.
Japanese Version of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory: Translation and Validation1
Authors: Kamo Toshiko , Ito Fumie , Monden Yukifumi , Bussing Regina , Niwa Madoka , Kawasaki Masako , Matano Miyuki , Ujiie Yuri , Higaki Yuko , Oe Yuka , Morita Nobuaki , Kim Yoshiharu , Knight Elizabeth Brestan , Eyberg Sheila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) in children in clinical and non‐clinical settings in Japan. Validation of the ECBI for clinical and non‐clinical participants (N = 128, 2–7 years of age) was evaluated. First, we evaluated the internal consistency reliability of the ECBI Problem and Intensity scales. We evaluated the construct and criterion‐referenced validity by comparing scores among the subscales of the ECBI, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Japanese versions of the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF) and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II). Results showed that Cronbach's alphas for both the Intensity and Problem scores were .91 and .92, respectively, which reflects high internal consistency. Results also showed that both the ECBI Intensity and Problem scores were significantly correlated with all subscales of the CBCL, PSI‐SF, and BDI‐II. These data suggest that the Japanese version of the ECBI is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing behavior problems in Japanese children.