bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of H-Type Hypertension Based on Pulse Wave MFCC Features Using Mixed Attention Mechanism
Authors: Yang Jingdong , Chen Lei , Cai Shuchen , Xie Tianxiao , Yan Haixia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
H-type hypertension increases the risks of stroke and cardiovascular disease, posing a great threat to human health. Pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) combined with deep learning can independently predict suspected H-type hypertension patients by analyzing their pulse physiological activities. However, the traditional time-domain feature extraction has a higher noise and baseline drift, affecting the classification accuracy. In this literature, we propose an effective prediction on frequency-domain pulse wave features. First, we filter time-domain pulse waves via removal of high-frequency noises and baseline shift. Second, Hilbert-Huang Transform is explored to transform time-domain pulse wave into frequency-domain waveform characterized by Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). Finally, an improved BiLSTM model, combined with mixed attention mechanism is built to applied for prediction of H-type hypertension. With 337 clinical cases from Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM and Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the 3-fold cross-validation results show that sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1-score and AUC reaches 93.48%, 95.27%, 97.48%, 90.77% and 0.9676, respectively. The proposed model achieves better generalization performance than the classical traditional models. In addition, we calculate the feature importance both in time-domain and frequency-domain according to purity of nodes in Random Forest and study the correlations between features and classification that has a good reference value for TCM clinical auxiliary diagnosis.
Midstream Urine Culture Had a Higher Predictive Value of Post-PNL SIRS in Patients Without Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction
Authors: An Lizhe , Xiong Liulin , Xu Qingquan , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Midstream urine culture (MUC) is reported to be associated with postoperative SIRS, but this correlation is uncertain, as MUC may not represent infection of obstructed urine in patients with upper urinary tract obstruction (UUTO). Instead, for patients without UUTO, positive MUC may be an indicator of intrarenal infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MUC had a higher predictive value in patients without UUTO.
Materials and Methods

The data of 175 patients who underwent PNL between September 2015 and June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and intraoperative factors including MUC were collected and analyzed. The primary endpoint was development of SIRS. Subgroup analysis according to the presence of UUTO was conducted.
Results

Generally, patients who suffered SIRS had a higher incidence of positive MUC (56%[25/45] vs. 32%[41/130], p=0.005). Subgroup analysis showed that among patients without UUTO, positive MUC (75%[13/17] vs. 33%[13/39], p=0.003) was still associated with development of SIRS. Among patients with UUTO, however, there was no obvious correlation between positive MUC and SIRS. Multivariate analysis controlling for age, previous ipsilateral kidney surgery, multiple tracts, and blood creatinine conducted in patients without UUTO demonstrated that positive MUC (odds ratio [OR] = 6.419, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.424-28.942, p=0.016) was still associated with development of SIRS. The rate of positive urine culture was 37.7% (66/72), 72 isolates of 24 species were reported, including 6 patients with mixed infection and 2 patients with fungi infection. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for a large proportion of all isolates (68.1%), and Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria (34.7%).
Conclusions

MUC had a higher predictive value of post-PNL SIRS in patients without UUTO.
The Initial Application of MRI Based Prostate Volume-Adjusted Prostate-Specific Antigen In The Diagonosis of MRI-Positive Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Si Jiemin , Li Mingzhuo , Cao Nailong , Gu Baojun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To identify the value of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate-specific antigen density of the transition zone (PSADTZ) in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the prostate multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI), for the purpose of predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and grade reclassification in men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 4 and 20 ng/mL to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. Patients and Methods: Between 2018 and 2020, we retrospectively identified 283 consecutive men in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital who had mp-MRI and PSA test within 3 months before prostate biopsies. Total prostate volume (TPV) and transition zone volume (TZV) were measured on mp-MRI. PSA, PSAD, and PSADTZ were compared to improve the sensitivity and specificity of positive biopsy cores and pathological stage by univariate analyses and through the receiver operating curve (ROC). We were focused primarily on the MRI-positive patients with PSA levels of 4-20ng/ml who were most likely subjected to unnecessary repeated prostate biopsies. Results: Of the 283 patients, 138 (48.8%) had PCa and in 145 (51.2%) a benign prostate disease was diagnosed. PSA, PSAD, and PSADTZ were significantly related to biopsy, and equally able to predict higher pathological stage. The receiver operating curve (AUC) for predicting the presence of PCa in all patients was 58.06 for PSA, 72.13 for PSAD and 78.28 for PSADTZ. In addition, the AUC for predicting higher pathological stage in PCa patients was 65.71 for PSA, 65.46 for PSAD and 69.81 for PSADTZ. For 228 MRI-positive patients, the AUC for predicting the presence of PCa was 61.31 for PSA, 74.00 for PSAD and 80.13 for PSADTZ. No difference among the PSA, PSAD, and PSADTZ was found in 55 MRI-negative patients. Conclusion: The determination of PSADTZ had higher diagnostic accuracy for PCa than that based on PSA or PSAD. For MRI-positive patients, PSADTZ promote a more effective and simple method for PCa detection, and may be useful for decreasing the burden of surveillance prostate biopsies.
Vertucci's Root Canal Configuration of 11376 Mandibular Anteriors and its Relationship with Distolingual Roots in Mandibular First Molars in A Cantonese Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Yang Yeqing , Jiang Chong , Chen Ming , Zeng Junkai , Wu Buling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to study the root canal system of mandibular anteriors (MAs) in a Cantonese population and to evaluate the correlation between the complicated root canal configurations of mandibular lateral incisors (MLIs) and the presence of distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (MFMs).Methods: A total of 11376 mandibular anterior teeth were scanned by CBCT. Those whose images met the inclusion criteria were first analysed according to Vertucci's root canal configuration and then grouped based on gender, age, and side, and their effects on root canal morphology were analysed. Finally, statistical analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the complicated root canal configurations of MLIs and the existence of DLRs in MFMs. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 21.0 software. Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Student’s t tests were used to calculate statistical significance. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In MAs in the Cantonese population, all mandibular central incisors (MCIs) and MLIs had one root, and 0.37% of mandibular canines (MCs) had two roots. The most common Vertucci's root canal configuration was Vertucci I followed by Vertucci III. A total of 30.91% of MLIs and approximately 8% of MCIs and MCs have complicated root canal configurations. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of DLRs in MFMs and the incidence of complicated root canal configurations of MLIs between males and females or between the right and left teeth. However, a significant difference was found in different age groups of root canal configurations in MLIs. Moreover, significant ipsilateral and contralateral correlations between MFMs with DLRs and MLIs with complicated root canal configurations were observed on both sides.Conclusion: There is a correlation between the presence of DLRs in MFMs and complicated root canal morphology in MCIs in the Cantonese population.
Separate and Combined Effects of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes in Myriophyllum Aquaticum
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As two typical tetracyclines, chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) coexist widely in water. In the experiment, Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc was exposed to the orthogonal hydroponic environment with the concentrations of CTC and OTC at 1, 10, and 50 mg/L for 7 days (7 D) and 14 days (14 D). The results showed that the plant height, relative growth rates (RGR), and photosynthetic pigment contents of M. aquaticum decreased significantly after 14 D of CTC/ OTC, which was stronger than that after 7 D, and the toxicity of CTC was stronger than OTC. The combined toxicity of the two on the RGR and total chlorophyll content was mainly synergistic or additive after 7 D. After 14 D, the interaction changed to antagonism or addition, and the response of total chlorophyll content was more obvious than that of RGR. After 7 D of combined treatments, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased significantly, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities responded to different combined concentrations, respectively, and CAT was the main protective enzyme of M. aquaticum. After 14 D of combined treatments, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased significantly, the MDA content increased first and then decreased, and POD was the main protective enzyme among the three antioxidant enzymes. Overall, this study provided the first insight into the single and combined toxicity of CTC and OTC on the growth and physiology of M. aquaticum at different time periods, revealing the reversal of the combined toxicity with time of exposure.
Altered Brain Network Centrality in Patients With Orbital Fracture: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Running Head: DC Alterations in OF Patients
Authors: Liu Yi-Nuo , Gao Yu-Xuan , Shu Hui-Ye , Li Qiu-Yu , Ge Qian-Min , Liao Xu-Lin , Pan Yi-Cong , Wu Jie-Li , Su Ting , Zhang Li-Juan , Liang Rong-Bin , Shao Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to identify potential functional network brain-activity abnormalities in patients with orbital fractures (OFs) by using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) method.Methods:We selected 20 patients with OFs (12 men and 8 women) and 20 healthy controls (HCs; 12 men and 8 women) matched by gender, age, and education level for this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in various disciplines. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to differentiate characteristics between patients with orbital fractures and HCs; in addition, we applied correlation analyses between behavioral performance and average DC values in different areas. The DC method served to evaluate spontaneous brain activity.Results:The DC values of patients with OFs were higher in the right cerebellum 9 area (Cerebelum_9_R) and left cerebellar peduncle 2 area (Cerebelum_Crus2_L) than those in HCs. The area under the curve (AUC) values for Cerebelum_9_R and Cerebelum_Crus2_L were 0.983 and 1, respectively. The accuracy of our ROC curve analysis result was reliable. Conclusion:Many brain regions seem to show abnormal brain network characteristics in patients with orbital fractures, suggesting potential neuropathic mechanisms.
Research on Fusion Predictive Control Method of Size and Roundness in Online Grinding
Authors: Liu Dongliang , Zheng Peng , Cao Manyi , Zhang Zhiyong , Xu Yingjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the error evaluation delay and the size and roundness of workpiece can not meet the processing requirements at the same time in online measurement. First this paper proposes an online fusion control method for the size and roundness error of workpiece, which can not only improve the processing efficiency, but also improve the consistency of workpiece quality. Then, the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) is used to predict the workpiece information of online measurement, and the error is calibrated according to the predicted value. The LSTM is used to predict the workpiece information in real time, and the process parameters are adjusted in time when the prediction value is out of the theoretical boundary to avoid error accumulation. Finallyr the online grinding measurement experiment based on the LSTM is designed and carried out, and the relationship between the dimension of input tensor and the prediction accuracy is analyzed through the experimental results. The results show that the LSTM can accurately predict the grinding size sequence and roundness sequence, and has good universality. The small batch machining is carried out according to the experimental results. Statistical analysis shows that the grinding accuracy is significantly improved by using the fusion prediction and calibration method.
A Small Object Detection Research Based on Dynamic Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Bai Chenshuai , Wu Kaijun , Wang Dicong , Yan Mingjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In view of the fact that the detection effect of EfficientNet-YOLOv3 object detection algorithm is not very good, this paper proposes a small object detection research based on dynamic convolution neural network. Firstly, the dynamic convolutional neural network is introduced to replace the traditional, which makes the algorithm model more robust; secondly, the optimization parameters are continuously adjusted in the training process to further strengthen the model structure; finally, the Learning Rate and Batch Size parameters are modified during the training process in order to prevent overfitting. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, RSOD and TGRS-HRRSD remote sensing image data sets are used to test the effect. The results of the proposed algorithm on RSOD remote sensing image data sets show that compared with the original EfficientNet-YOLOv3 algorithm, the mean Average Precision (mAP) value is increased by 1.93% and the mean Log Average Miss Rate (mLAMR) value is reduced by 0.0500; The results of the proposed algorithm on TGRS-HRRSD remote sensing image data set show that compared with the original EfficientNet-YOLOv3 algorithm, the mAP value is increased by 0.07% and the mLAMR value is reduced by 0.0007.
Neuroprotective Properties of Carvacrol Against Cadmium-induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa Onur , Çelik Hamit , Caglayan Cuneyt , Genç Aydın , Doğan Tuba , Satıcı Emine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), is a heavy metal reported to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this paper, we investigated the possible protective effects of carvacrol (CRV) against Cd-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with Cd (25 mg/kg body weight) and with CRV (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) for 1 week. CRV decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), and significantly increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in brain tissue. Additionally, CRV alleviated the in levels of inflammation and apoptosis related proteins involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma-3 (Bcl-3), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in the Cd-induced neurotoxicity. CRV also decreased the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP13), as well as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8−OHdG) level, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Collectively, our findings indicated that CRV has a beneficial effect in ameliorating the Cd-induced neurotoxicity in the brain of rats.
Ecotoxicity Assessment of Photoinduced Imidacloprid Degradation Using HPLC-HRMS, QSAR and Ecotoxicity Equivalents
Authors: Voigt Melanie , Langerbein Victoria , Jaeger Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundImidacloprid is among the most widely used insecticides and today is found in surface and ground water worldwide. Together with four other neonicotinoids, it has been registered in the EU watchlist for monitoring. To prevent imidacloprid from entering water bodies, Advanced Oxidation Processes have been intensely researched. Photoirradiation proved one of the most efficient methods to degrade and eliminate anthropogenic micropollutants from waters. Their ecotoxicity assessment of photoinduced degradation and transformation products especially in the absence of reference standards is still heavily explored.ResultsIn this study, UVA and UVC irradiation in combination with titanium dioxide P25 as photocatalyst were investigated for their degrading and eliminating effects and effectiveness on imidacloprid. Humic acid was used as natural organic matter additive. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution and higher order mass spectrometry allowed to identify and monitor imidacloprid and its degradation intermediates yielding seven new structures and concentration-time (c-t) profiles. The correlation of structures and the application of radical scavengers and photocatalyst helped distinguish between direct photoinduced and indirect hydroxyl-radical induced degradation mechanisms. Only imidacloprid-urea and desnitro-imidacloprid resulted from direct degradation, all other products from the indirect mechanism. The ecotoxicity of all identified compounds was assessed by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Ecotoxicity equivalents (ETEs) were introduced allowing a classified ranking of the products and an assessment of the overall hazardous potential of the irradiated solution at a given moment. Generally, the number of hydroxyl substituents was inversely correlated to ecotoxicity due to a single product. From the c-t curves, time-dependent ETE profiles were established.ConclusionsStructure elucidation and c-t profiles from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry allowed to distinguish between direct and indirect degradation mechanisms. Structure specific ecotoxicity assessment could be achieved through QSAR analysis. Ecotoxicity hazard was ranked based on ETEs. The time-dependent ETE profile proved suitable to reflect the effect of irradiation duration and allow to estimate the irradiation time required to eliminate ecotoxicity, which may be relevant for potential applications in wastewater treatment plants.
Response of Interspecific Hybrid Species of Manchurian Ash to MJ and NO Signals and Preliminary Study on the Formation Mechanism of Drought Resistance Advantage
Authors: Cao Yang , song fei , Zhao Xingtang , He Liming , Zhan Yaguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, sodium nitrate (SNP, a donor of nitric oxide) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) were used as exogenous hormones. The experiment was conducted with the offspring (interspecific hybrid) D110 of ash and ash, and their respective parents (non-interspecific hybrid) D113 and 4-3 as experimental materials. The experiment set up three experimental groups of drought stress, exogenous hormone SNP and MJ, and a control group under normal growth (non-drought stress), to study the physiological indicators and gene expression of manchurian ash. Result: The results showed that under drought stress and exogenous application of hormone SNP or MJ, there were significant differences between hybrids and parents in plant growth, photosynthesis, defense enzyme activity, hormone content and gene expression.Conclusions: This experiment provides a new theoretical support for the existing hormone breeding methods of manchurian ash, which can improve the drought resistance of manchurian ash and increase its survival rate in the wild. Increasing the growth rate and breeding efficiency of manchurian ash brings new ideas.
C-Reactive Protein Knock Out Attenuate Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in Rats
Authors: He Yao , Zhou Mengjiao , Jian Zixiang , Fang Lingli , Huang Lan , Song Jinlin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, is highly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA)-related diseases, but its exact role remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the biological effect of CRP on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation.Methods: Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce TMJ inflammation in CRP-knockout (CRP-/-) and control rats. Degenerative changes in the TMJ were compared to elucidate the role of CRP in TMJ inflammation. In addition, inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation and osteoclast differentiation were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant phosphatase staining to explore the potential regulatory mechanism.Results: Compared to the control, CFA induced TMJ inflammation, which increased systemic and local CRP expression. Furthermore, CRP-/- rats exhibited less severe inflammatory symptoms. The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected in CRP-/- rats, which also exhibited reduced macrophage activation and osteoclast differentiation.Conclusion: These results indicated that controlling the highly elevated levels of CRP during inflammation could modify the cytokine profile, macrophage activation and osteoclast differentiation, thus providing beneficial effects for TMJ-OA prevention and treatment.
Prices versus costs of production for molnupiravir as a COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Hill Andrew , Ellis Leah , Wang Junzheng , Pepperrell Toby 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Molnupiravir has been recently approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of COVID-19 for showing promising survival benefits in clinical trials. This analysis will estimate and compare potential generic minimum costs of molnupiravir as well as observe countries eligible for pricing discounts as agreed by Merck and The Medicines Patent Pool (MPP).
Methods

Drug prices were searched for molnupiravir using active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) data extracted from global shipping records. This was compared with national pricing data from a range of low, medium, and high-income countries. Annual API export volumes from India were used to estimate the current availability. Trends of molnupiravir drugs prices were also evaluated for the last 6-month period. Mean daily COVID-19 diagnosis rates were calculated for the countries eligible for voluntary licensing.
Results

Molnupiravir can be generically manufactured at the very low per-course cost of $9.00. Over the past 6 months, prices of molnupiravir have fallen significantly, and when comparing reported international prices, we found wide variations between countries. Only 9% of diagnosed patients worldwide were in the countries eligible for voluntary licensing.
Conclusions

Prices of molnupiravir range from $20 to $750 per course. Only 9% of worldwide COVID-19 diagnoses are made in countries covered by voluntary licenses. Middle income countries not eligible for voluntary licensing may need to issue compulsory licenses to secure access to molnupiravir at affordable prices.