bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman anisotropy in serpentine minerals, with a caveat on identification
Authors: Compagnoni Roberto , Cossio Roberto , Mellini Marcello 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe serpentine minerals lizardite, polyhedral serpentine, chrysotile, antigorite and 15‐sector and 30‐sector polygonal serpentine have been studied by micro‐Raman spectroscopy, using selected samples, that had been previously characterized. The appropriate crystal orientations were determined by optical microscopy of petrographic sections. Oriented spectra, obtained using Nd‐YAG green laser radiation (532 nm), were deconvolved, extracting wavenumber and intensity values for the peaks, possibly overlapping and forming complex bands. Relevant Raman anisotropy is common and relevant in serpentine. Depending upon the orientation of the impinging laser, significant wavenumber shifts occur (up to 10 cm−1, mostly in polyhedral serpentine and lizardite). Furthermore, also, important intensity variations (up to 1 order of magnitude) occur in polyhedral serpentine, lizardite, chrysotile and antigorite as well. On the one hand, the possibly characteristic peaks have been identified and discussed. On the other hand, caution is suggested as far as the micro‐Raman characterization of polyphasic, variably oriented serpentine minerals is concerned.
The physicochemical properties and stability of flaxseed oil emulsions: effects of emulsification methods and the ratio of soybean protein isolate to soy lecithin
Authors: Liu Conghui , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe properties and stability of emulsion rely greatly on the emulsification method and emulsifier. In this study, different emulsification methods (high‐speed homogenization, ultrasonic treatment and their combination) were employed for the preparation of emulsions stabilized by soybean protein isolate (SPI) and soy lecithin (SLT) at three ratios. The microstructure, hydrodynamic average diameter, ζ‐potential, creaming stability and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation behaviors of emulsions were investigated.RESULTSThe results indicated that the influence of emulsification method was closely related to the ratio of SPI/SLT. Overall, the SPI‐SLT‐stabilized emulsion treated by ultrasound showed better stability and uniformity, while the combined treatment of high‐speed homogenization and ultrasound was helpful in improving the uniformity and stability of SPI‐stabilized Pickering emulsion. However, the SLT‐stabilized emulsions all exhibited worse uniformity in terms of particle size distribution and polydispersity index.CONCLUSIONThese results will be helpful for selecting an appropriate emulsification method and emulsifier to improve the stability of emulsions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gyroid‐Nanostructured All‐Solid Polymer Films Combining High H+ Conductivity with Low H2 Permeability
Authors: Kobayashi Tsubasa , Li Ya‐xin , Hirota Yuichiro , Maekawa Asako , Nishiyama Norikazu , Zeng Xiang‐bing , Ichikawa Takahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGyroid‐nanostructured all‐solid polymer films with exceedingly high proton conductivity and low H2 gas permeability have been created via crosslinking polymerization of mixtures of a zwitterionic amphiphilic monomer and a polymerizable imide‐type acid that co‐organize into bicontinuous cubic liquid‐crystalline phases. The gyroid nanostructures are visualized by reconstructing a 3D electron map from the synchrotron X‐ray diffraction patterns. These films exhibit high proton conductivity of the order of 10−1 S cm−1 and extremely low H2 gas permeability of the order of 10−15 mol m m−2 s−1 Pa−1. These properties can be ascribed to the presence of the ionic liquid‐like layer along the gyroid minimal surface. Since these two characteristics are required for improving the performance of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, the present membrane design represents a promising strategy for the development of advanced devices, pertinent to establishing sustainable energy sources.
Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) Featuring a Central Amino Moiety
Authors: Dirauf Michael , Fritz Nicole , Gottschaldt Michael , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of an amino group into a bifunctional initiator for the cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) is achieved in a two‐step reaction. Detailed kinetic studies using 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline demonstrate the initiators’ eligibility for the CROP yielding well‐defined polymers featuring molar masses of about 2000 g mol–1. Deprotection of the phthalimide moiety subsequent to polymerization enables the introduction of a cyclooctyne group in central position of the polymer which is further exploited in a strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide click reaction (SpAAC) with a Fmoc‐protected azido lysine representing a commonly used binding motif for site specific polymer–protein/peptide conjugation. In‐depth characterization via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI) confirms the success of all post polymerization modification steps.
Stable Isotopic Niche Variability and Overlap across Four Fish Guilds in the North-Central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Dillon Kevin S. , Fleming Christopher R. , Slife Caitlin , Leaf Robert T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The quantification of niche diversity and niche overlap is useful for understanding the impacts of fisheries regulation and management. In this work, we evaluate isotopic niche size and overlap at the guild and species levels. Specifically, we analyzed guild- and species-specific isotopic niche space and niche space overlap using the SIBER and nicheROVER packages, and we evaluated length-specific and geographic contrasts in isotopes for fishes in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of fish species were compared among four ecotype-based fish guilds: estuarine, coastal migratory pelagic (CMP), reef, and large offshore pelagic (LOP). Significant differences in the mean stable isotope values were found among fish guilds. Estuarine guild species exhibited the highest δ13C variability, and Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus were the most isotopically diverse. Variability of δ13C for CMP fish was comparable to that of some estuarine species, whereas reef and LOP fish were less variable. Fishes within the LOP guild had the largest δ15N range. Reef guild fishes had the smallest isotopic niche space and LOP guild species consistently had the largest, although no species in any guild occupied as large of an isotopic niche space as Red Drum. Distinct and well-separated isotopic niches were also observed between most estuarine species and CMP species; however, high niche overlap was observed for species within the reef and LOP guilds. We found a positive relationship of δ15N and fish TL for Red Drum, Blackfin Tuna Thunnus atlanticus, and Yellowfin Tuna T. albacares, and we found that δ15N values for Red Drum and Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus showed distinct isotope differences between geographic areas. This study provides data not only on how species within and without ecotypes interact but also on the variability of their interactions, all of which can inform ecosystem-based fisheries management models.
Accelerating Medicines Partnership: Parkinson's Disease. Genetic Resource
Authors: Iwaki Hirotaka , Leonard Hampton L. , Makarious Mary B. , Bookman Matt , Landin Barry , Vismer David , Casey Bradford , Gibbs J. Raphael , Hernandez Dena G. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Vitale Daniel , Song Yeajin , Kumar Dinesh , Dalgard Clifton L. , Sadeghi Mahdiar , Dong Xianjun , Misquitta Leonie , Scholz Sonja W. , Scherzer Clemens R. , Nalls Mike A. , Biswas Shameek , Singleton Andrew B. ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Associates,   AMP PD Whole Genome Sequencing Working Group,   AMP PD consortium
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhole‐genome sequencing data are available from several large studies across a variety of diseases and traits. However, massive storage and computation resources are required to use these data, and to achieve sufficient power for discoveries, harmonization of multiple cohorts is critical.ObjectivesThe Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson's Disease program has developed a research platform for Parkinson's disease (PD) that integrates the storage and analysis of whole‐genome sequencing data, RNA expression data, and clinical data, harmonized across multiple cohort studies.MethodsThe version 1 release contains whole‐genome sequencing data derived from 3941 participants from 4 cohorts. Samples underwent joint genotyping by the TOPMed Freeze 9 Variant Calling Pipeline. We performed descriptive analyses of these whole‐genome sequencing data using the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson's Disease platform.ResultsThe clinical diagnosis of participants in version 1 release includes 2005 idiopathic PD patients, 963 healthy controls, 64 prodromal subjects, 62 clinically diagnosed PD subjects without evidence of dopamine deficit, and 705 participants of genetically enriched cohorts carrying PD risk‐associated GBA variants or LRRK2 variants, of whom 304 were affected. We did not observe significant enrichment of pathogenic variants in the idiopathic PD group, but the polygenic risk score was higher in PD both in nongenetically enriched cohorts and genetically enriched cohorts. The population analysis showed a correlation between genetically enriched cohorts and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.ConclusionsWe describe the genetic component of the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson's Disease platform, a solution to democratize data access and analysis for the PD research community. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Dopamine Agonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: McIntosh Emma , Kent Seamus , Gray Alastair , Clarke Carl E. , Williams Adrian , Jenkinson Crispin , Ives Natalie , Patel Smitaa , Rick Caroline , Wheatley Keith , Gray Richard ,   PD MED Collaborative Group
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe PD MED study reported small but persistent benefits in patient‐rated mobility scores and quality of life from initiating therapy with levodopa compared with levodopa‐sparing therapies in early Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesThe objective was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of levodopa‐sparing therapy (dopamine agonists or monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors compared with levodopa alone.MethodsPD MED is a pragmatic, open‐label randomized, controlled trial in which patients newly diagnosed with PD were randomly assigned between levodopa‐sparing therapy (dopamine agonists or monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors ) and levodopa alone. Mean quality‐adjusted life‐years and costs were calculated for each participant. Differences in mean quality‐adjusted life‐years and costs between levodopa and levodopa‐sparing therapies and between dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors were estimated using linear regression.ResultsOver a mean observation period of 4 years, levodopa was associated with significantly higher quality‐adjusted life‐years (difference, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.30; P < 0.01) and lower mean costs (£3390; £2671–£4109; P < 0.01) than levodopa‐sparing therapies, the difference in costs driven by the higher costs of levodopa‐sparing therapies. There were no significant differences in the costs of inpatient, social care, and institutional care between arms. There was no significant difference in quality‐adjusted life‐years between those allocated dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (0.02; −0.17 to 0.13 in favor of dopamine agonists; P = 0.81); however costs were significantly lower for those allocated monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (£2321; £1628–£3015; P < 0.01) because of the higher costs of dopamine agonists. There were no significant differences between arms for other costs.ConclusionsInitial treatment with levodopa is highly cost‐effective compared with levodopa‐sparing therapies. Monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, as initial levodopa‐sparing therapy was more cost‐effective, with similar quality‐adjusted life‐years but lower costs than dopamine agonists. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term hydrological assessment of remote sensing precipitation from multiple sources over the lower Yangtze River basin, China
Authors: Zhu Dehua , Ilyas Abro M. , Wang Gaoxu , Zeng Biqiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMulti‐source remote sensing precipitation products are being used more and more frequently for rainfall analysis and hydrological applications around the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the variances and uncertainty of long‐term precipitation and corresponding hydrological simulations from 1984 to 2016 using rain gauge measurements, two satellite rainfall products retrieved from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR) respectively, along with rainfall reanalysis data from the ERA‐Interim over the lower Yangtze River basin, China. The results indicated overestimation from ERA‐Interim and PERSIANN‐CDR on seasonal rainfall. CPC rainfall estimation had marginal bias with rain gauge measurements among all the remote sensing rainfall products on a daily scale, while the ERA‐Interim tended to overestimate when the rainfall rate was less than 50 mm. On a monthly scale, CPC rainfall estimations were very close to the rain gauge measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96, whilst the ERA‐Interim rainfall products showed significant overestimation in February, March and September. Nevertheless, all remote sensing rainfall products achieved good performance in June and July, showing promising potential to be an alternative to rainfall data for long‐term water resource analysis. Furthermore, ERA‐Interim rainfall products did not perform as well as the other rainfall sources in flow simulations, as evidenced by the large root‐mean‐square error and bias. CPC rainfall products outperformed all other rainfall sources in terms of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient at all temporal scales. In addition, the skill scores suggested that the performance of the streamflow simulation improved significantly on a monthly scale, with a higher Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient and smaller total streamflow errors.
Matrilineal analysis of mutations in the DMD gene in a multigenerational South Indian cohort using DMD gene panel sequencing
Authors: Shastry Arun , Aravind Sankaramoorthy , Sunil Meeta , Ramesh Keerthi , Ashley Berty , T. Nithyanandan , Ramprasad Vedam L. , Gupta Ravi , Seshagiri Somasekar , Nongthomba Upendra , Phalke Sameer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive irreversible muscle weakness, primarily of the skeletal and the cardiac muscles. DMD is characterised by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in the absence or sparse quantities of dystrophin protein. A precise and timely molecular detection of DMD mutations encourages interventions such as carrier genetic counselling and in undertaking therapeutic measures for the DMD patients.ResultsIn this study, we developed a 2.1 Mb custom DMD gene panel that spans the entire DMD gene, including the exons and introns. The panel also includes the probes against 80 additional genes known to be mutated in other muscular dystrophies. This custom DMD gene panel was used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and large deletions with precise breakpoints in 77 samples that included 24 DMD patients and their matrilineage across four generations. We used this panel to evaluate the inheritance pattern of DMD mutations in maternal subjects representing 24 DMD patients.ConclusionHere we report our observations on the inheritance pattern of DMD gene mutations in matrilineage samples across four generations. Additionally, our data suggest that the DMD gene panel designed by us can be routinely used as a single genetic test to identify all DMD gene variants in DMD patients and the carrier mothers.
Defect measurement using the laser ultrasonic technique based on power spectral density analysis and wavelet packet energy
Authors: Yu Junya , Li Chuanliang , Qiu Xuanbing , Chen Huiqin , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe laser ultrasonic technique (LUT) enables the analysis of complex signals and the extraction of the features of defects. The time‐domain features can be used to quantify various defects, but are negatively affected by the coupling efficiency, measurement noise, and surface roughness during LUT. This paper describes defect analysis methods based on the power spectral density and wavelet packet energy. Defects are characterized using the power of low‐frequency components after wavelet decomposition and the wavelet packet energy, and then linear relationships are established for two defect types. The R2 values of the linear fitting for the characteristic variables of the defect are greater than 0.96. The experimental results show that the proposed methods provide effective and quantitative characterization of the defect size from laser ultrasonic signals.
8+ Year Performance of the Gamma Knife Perfexion/Icon Patient Positioning System and Possibilities for Preemptive Fault Detection Using Statistical Process Control
Authors: Schlesinger David J. , Sanders Jason C. , Muller Donald A. , Nordström Håkan , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe large fractional doses, steep dose gradients, and small targets found in intracranial radiosurgery require extremely low beam delivery uncertainty. In the case of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS), this includes minimizing patient positioning system (PPS) positioning uncertainty. Existing QA techniques are recipe based, and feature point in time pass/fail tolerances. However, modern treatment machines, including the Gamma Knife Perfexion/Icon systems, record extensive internal data in treatment logs. These data can be analyzed through statistical process control (SPC) methods which are designed to detect changes in process behavior. The purpose of this study was to characterize the long‐term (8+ year) performance of a Perfexion/Icon unit and use SPC methods to determine if performance changes could be detected at levels lower than existing QA and internal manufacturer performance tolerances.MethodsIn‐house software was developed to parse Perfexion/Icon log‐files and store relevant information on shot delivery in a relational database. A last‐in, first‐out (LIFO) queuing algorithm was created to heuristically match messages associated with a given delivered shot. Filtering criteria were developed to filter QA and uncompleted shots. The resulting matched shots were extracted. Achieved versus planned PPS position was determined for each PPS motor as well as for the vector magnitude difference in PPS position. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts were plotted to determine when process behavior changed over time.Results53833 shots were delivered over an 8+ year span in the study. The mean vector magnitude PPS difference was 32.7 µm, with 97.5% of all shots within 70.1 µm. Several changes in PPS positioning behavior were observed over time, corresponding with control system faults on several occasions requiring PPS recalibration. EWMA control charts clearly demonstrate that these faults could be identified and possibly predicted as many as 3 years before there were faults beyond control system tolerance.ConclusionThe PPS of Gamma Knife Perfexion/Icon systems has extremely low positioning uncertainties. EWMA control chart method can be utilized to track PPS performance over time and can potentially detect changes in performance that may indicate a component requiring maintenance. This would allow planned service visits to mitigate problems and prevent unplanned downtime.
Managing tumor changes during radiotherapy using a deep learning model
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Roy Arkajyoti , Bice Noah , Kirby Neil , Fakhreddine Mohamad , Papanikolaou Niko 
Published: May 2021

PurposeWe propose a treatment planning framework that accounts for weekly lung tumor shrinkage using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with a deep learning‐based model.MethodsSixteen patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were selected with one planning CT and six weekly CBCTs each. A deep learning‐based model was applied to predict the weekly deformation of the primary tumor based on the spatial and temporal features extracted from previous weekly CBCTs. Starting from Week 3, the tumor contour at Week N was predicted by the model based on the input from all the previous weeks (1, 2 … N − 1), and was evaluated against the manually contoured tumor using Dice coefficient (DSC), precision, average surface distance (ASD), and Hausdorff distance (HD). Information about the predicted tumor was then entered into the treatment planning system and the plan was re‐optimized every week. The objectives were to maximize the dose coverage in the target region while minimizing the toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissue. Dosimetric evaluation of the target and organs at risk (heart, lung, esophagus, and spinal cord) was performed on four cases, comparing between a conventional plan (ignoring tumor shrinkage) and the shrinkage‐based plan.Resultshe primary tumor volumes decreased on average by 38% ± 26% during six weeks of treatment. DSCs and ASD between the predicted tumor and the actual tumor for Weeks 3, 4, 5, 6 were 0.81, 0.82, 0.79, 0.78 and 1.49, 1.59, 1.92, 2.12 mm, respectively, which were significantly superior to the score of 0.70, 0.68, 0.66, 0.63 and 2.81, 3.22, 3.69, 3.63 mm between the rigidly transferred tumors ignoring shrinkage and the actual tumor. While target coverage metrics were maintained for the re‐optimized plans, lung mean dose dropped by 2.85, 0.46, 2.39, and 1.48 Gy for four sample cases when compared to the original plan. Doses in other organs such as esophagus were also reduced for some cases.ConclusionWe developed a deep learning‐based model for tumor shrinkage prediction. This model used CBCTs and contours from previous weeks as input and produced reasonable tumor contours with a high prediction accuracy (DSC, precision, HD, and ASD). The proposed framework maintained target coverage while reducing dose in the lungs and esophagus.