bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the involvement of lymph nodes in low‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Durmuş Yasin , Meydanlı Mehmet M. , Akıllı Hüseyin , Kayıkçıoğlu Fulya , Güngördük Kemal , Akbayır Özgür , Taşkın Salih , Çelik Hüsnü , Ayhan Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEvaluating nodal metastases in low‐grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) patients.MethodsWomen with LGSOC who had undergone primary cytoreductive surgery comprising systematic pelvic‐paraaortic lymphadenectomy were included. Data were obtained retrospectively from 12 oncology centers.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐eight women with LGSOC who had undergone comprehensive surgical staging were included. Seventy‐one (48.0%) patients had metastatic lymph nodes. Preoperative serum CA‐125 levels of ≥170 U/ml (odds ratio [OR]: 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–12.07; p = 0.021) and presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (OR: 13.72; 95% CI: 3.36–55.93; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of nodal metastasis in LGSOC. Sixty (40.5%) patients were classified to have apparently limited disease to the ovary/ovaries. Twenty (33.3%) of them were upstaged after surgical staging. Twelve (20.0%) had metastatic lymph nodes. Presence of LVSI (OR: 12.96; 95% CI: 1.14–146.43; p = 0.038) and preoperative serum CA‐125 of ≥180 U/ml (OR: 7.19; 95% CI: 1.35–38.12; p = 0.02) were independent predictors of lymph node metastases in apparent Stage Ⅰ disease.ConclusionsClinicians may consider to perform a reoperation comprising systematic lymphadenectomy in patients who had apparently limited disease to the ovary/ovaries and had not undergone lymphadenectomy initially. Reoperation may be considered particularly in patients whose preoperative serum CA‐125 is ≥180 U/ml and/or whose pathological assessment reported the presence of LVSI.
Implications of intensive care unit admissions among medicare beneficiaries following resection of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rice Daniel R. , Hyer J. Madison , Tsilimigras Diamantis , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) use has increased among patients with cancer. We sought to define factors associated with ICU admissions among patients with pancreatic cancer and characterize trends in mortality among hospital survivors.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked database was used to identify patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with ICU admission and mortality among hospital survivors.ResultsAmong 6422 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent resection of pancreatic cancer, 2386 (37.1%) had an ICU admission. Patients with ICU admissions were more likely to be younger (10‐year increase odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.89), male (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.30) and undergo resection at a teaching hospital (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.36). While the majority of patients survived to hospital discharge (n = 2106; 88.3%), a majority of patients (n = 1296; 54.3%) died within 6 months. Among patients who had subsequent ICU admissions, 1‐ and 5‐year survival was only 31.8% and 11.0%, respectively.ConclusionsOver one‐third of patients with pancreatic cancer had an ICU admission. While most patients survived hospitalization, more than one‐half of patients died within 6 months of discharge and two‐thirds died within 1 year. These data should serve to guide patient–provider discussions around prognosis relative to ICU utilization.
Microbial methane oxidation efficiency and robustness during lake overturn
Authors: Zimmermann M. , Mayr M. J. , Bürgmann H. , Eugster W. , Steinsberger T. , Wehrli B. , Brand A. , Bouffard D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany seasonally stratified lakes accumulate substantial amounts of the greenhouse gas methane in the anoxic zone. Methane oxidizing bacteria in the water column act as a converter, oxidizing methane into carbon dioxide and biomass before it reaches the atmosphere. Current observations and estimates of this methane oxidation efficiency are diverging, especially for the lake overturn period. Here, we combine a model of turbulent mixing, gas exchange, and microbial growth with a comprehensive data set for autumn mixing to quantify the relevant physical and microbial processes for a 16 m deep, wind‐sheltered Swiss lake. Scenario analysis suggests that the methane converter is efficient and robust under a large range of mixing velocities and only rare events of pronounced surface cooling can trigger substantial outgassing. This case study combines in situ observation and a deterministic physically based model and suggests that the frequency of storms may strongly impact methane emissions for similar temperate lakes.
Glia Imaging Differentiates Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson's Disease: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with [11C]PBR28 and Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Jucaite Aurelija , Cselényi Zsolt , Kreisl William C. , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Varrone Andrea , Carson Richard E. , Rinne Juha O. , Savage Alicia , Schou Magnus , Johnström Peter , Svenningsson Per , Rascol Olivier , Meissner Wassilios G. , Barone Paolo , Seppi Klaus , Kaufmann Horacio , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner , Farde Lars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenged by overlapping features with Parkinson's disease (PD) and late‐onset ataxias. Additional biomarkers are needed to confirm MSA and to advance the understanding of pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO), expressed by glia cells, has shown elevations in MSA.ObjectiveIn this multicenter PET study, we assess the performance of TSPO imaging as a diagnostic marker for MSA.MethodsWe analyzed [11C]PBR28 binding to TSPO using imaging data of 66 patients with MSA and 24 patients with PD. Group comparisons were based on regional analysis of parametric images. The diagnostic readout included visual reading of PET images against clinical diagnosis and machine learning analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curves were used to discriminate MSA from PD and cerebellar from parkinsonian variant MSA.ResultsWe observed a conspicuous pattern of elevated regional [11C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in MSA as compared with PD, with “hotspots” in the lentiform nucleus and cerebellar white matter. Visual reading discriminated MSA from PD with 100% specificity and 83% sensitivity. The machine learning approach improved sensitivity to 96%. We identified MSA subtype‐specific TSPO binding patterns.ConclusionsWe found a pattern of significantly increased regional glial TSPO binding in patients with MSA. Intriguingly, our data are in line with severe neuroinflammation in MSA. Glia imaging may have potential to support clinical MSA diagnosis and patient stratification in clinical trials on novel drug therapies for an α‐synucleinopathy that remains strikingly incurable. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Technical note: Extraction of proton pencil beam energy spectrum from measured integral depth dose in a cyclotron proton beam system
Authors: Yao Weiguang , Farr Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeProton pencil beam energy spectrum is an essential parameter for calculations of dose and linear energy transfer. We extract the energy spectrum from measured integral depth dose (IDD).MethodsA measured IDD (measIDD) in water is decomposed into many IDDs of mono‐energetic pencil beams (monoIDDs) in water. A simultaneous iterative technique is used to do the decomposition that extracts the energy spectrum of protons from the measIDD. The monoIDDs are generated by our analytic random walk model‐based proton dose calculation algorithm. The linear independence of the monoIDDs is considered and high spatial resolution monoIDDs are used to improve their linear independence. To validate the extraction, first we use synthesized IDDs (synIDD) with Gaussian energy spectrum and compare the extracted energy spectrum with the Gaussian; second, for the energy spectrum extracted from measIDDs, the accuracy of the extraction is validated by comparing the calculated IDD from the energy spectrum with the measIDD. The measIDDs are derived from commissioning of a cyclotron proton pencil beam system with a Bragg peak ionization chamber. The nominal energy of the pencil beams is from 70 to 245 MeV. The monoIDDs are generated for energies from 0.05 to 275 MeV in steps of 0.05 MeV with a spatial resolution of 1 mm.ResultsThe difference of the extracted and original Gaussian energy spectrum peaked at 75 and 80 MeV was <1%. As the energy decreased, the difference increased but was reduced by using 0.1‐mm monoIDDs. The difference was not sensitive to the energy interval of monoIDDs when the interval increased from 0.05 to 1 MeV. For the energy spectrum extraction from measIDDs, there was a main peak near the nominal energy but the spectrum was not in Gaussian distribution. In three example cases (70, 160, and 245 MeV), the relative differences of the measIDDs and calculated IDDs were within 3.4%, 2.9%, and 4.7% of the Bragg peak value, respectively. Fitting the spectrum by Gaussian distribution, we had σ = 0.87, 1.51, and 0.86 MeV, respectively, for these three examples, and the relative differences of the resultant calculated IDDs from the measIDDs were within 4.7%, 7.4%, and 4.5%, respectively.ConclusionsOur algorithm accurately extracted the energy spectrum from the synIDDs and measIDDs. High‐resolution monoIDDs are necessary to extract low‐energy spectrum. Energy spectrum extraction from measIDD reveals important information for beam modeling.
Technical Note: Long‐term monitoring of diode sensitivity degradation induced by proton irradiation
Authors: Younkin James E. , Robertson Daniel G. , Liu Wei , Hu Yanle , Morales Danairis Hernandez , Bues Martin , Shen Jiajian , Ding Xiaoning 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo measure diode sensitivity degradation (DSD) induced by cumulative proton dose delivered to a commercial daily quality assurance (QA) device.MethodsAt our institution, six Daily QA 3 (DQA3, Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, FL, USA) devices have been used for daily proton pencil beam scanning QA in four proton gantry rooms over a span of 4 years. DQA3 diode counts were cross‐calibrated using a homogenous field with a known dose of 1 Gy. The DSD rate (ΔR%/100 Gy) was calculated using linear regression on time‐series plots of diode counts and an estimate of cumulative dose per year based on the cross‐calibration. The effect of DSD on daily QA spot position measurements was quantified by converting DSD to baseline spot position shift.ResultsThe average dose delivered to the four inner DQA3 diodes was 104 ± 5 Gy/year, and the rate of DSD was ‐5.1% ± 1.0/100 Gy with the exception of one DQA3 device that had a significantly higher rate of DSD (–12%/100 Gy). The R2s of the linear fit to time‐series plots were between 0.92 and 0.98. The DSD rates were not constant but decreases with accumulated doses. The four center diodes, which received 40% of the cumulative dose received by inner diodes, had a DSD rate of –7.2% ± 0.9/100 Gy. For our daily QA program, 1 year of DSD was equivalent to a 0.2 mm shift in spot position.ConclusionsThe DSD rate of DQA3 diodes determined by long‐term proton daily QA data was about –5%/100 Gy, which is more than 10 times greater than the reported DSD rate from photon irradiation. DQA3 diodes may be used for daily proton QA programs, provided that they are recalibrated at an appropriate frequency that should be determined specifically for different daily QA programs.
Technical Note: Break‐even dose level for hypofractionated treatment schedules
Authors: Böhlen Till Tobias , Germond Jean‐François , Bourhis Jean , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Bailat Claude , Bochud François , Moeckli Raphaël 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo derive the isodose line R relative to the prescription dose below which irradiated normal tissue (NT) regions benefit from a hypofractionated schedule with an isoeffective dose to the tumor. To apply the formalism to clinical case examples.MethodsFrom the standard biologically effective dose (BED) equation based on the linear‐quadratic (LQ) model, the BED of an NT that receives a relative proportion r of the prescribed dose per fraction for a given α/β‐ratio of the tumor, (α/β)T, and NT, (α/β)NT, is derived for different treatment schedules while keeping the BED to the tumor constant. Based on this, the “break‐even” isodose line R is then derived. The BED of NT regions that receive doses below R decreases for more hypofractionated treatment schedules, and hence a lower risk for NT injury is predicted in these regions. To assess the impact of a linear behavior of BED for high doses per fraction (>6 Gy), we evaluated BED also using the LQ‐linear (LQ‐L) model.ResultsThe formalism provides the equations to derive the BED of an NT as function of dose per fraction for an isoeffective dose to the tumor and the corresponding break‐even isodose line R. For generic α/β‐ratios of (α/β)T = 10 Gy and (α/β)NT = 3 Gy and homogeneous dose in the target, R is 30%. R is doubling for stereotactic treatments for which tumor control correlates with the maximum dose of 100% instead of the encompassing isodose line of 50%. When using the LQ‐L model, the notion of a break‐even dose level R remains valid up to about 20 Gy per fraction for generic α/β‐ratios and .ConclusionsThe formalism may be used to estimate below which relative isodose line R there will be a differential sparing of NT when increasing hypofractionation. More generally, it allows to assess changes of the therapeutic index for sets of isoeffective treatment schedules at different relative dose levels compared to a reference schedule in a compact manner.
Capacity planning for large scale people movement: Models and application to the Ujjain Kumbh Mela
Authors: Dalal Jyotirmoy , Iyer Ananth V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe focus on capacity planning and admission control of people accessing a system consisting of paths, where the flow varies along spatial, temporal, or event‐based dimensions. People arrive during a time window, are admitted, travel through specified paths, and leave the system within a provided admission time guarantee. The decisions include choosing capacity for disruption plans and reactive capacity, adaptive path adjustment through redirection, and admission control in response to realized demand scenarios. We first develop a continuous‐time model to choose optimal capacity for disruption plans corresponding to an expected admission time guarantee. The next model determines the optimal upfront versus reactive capacity decisions given demand scenarios. For each disruption plan, a mathematical programming model chooses optimal capacity by path segment, redirection, and admission control over time to manage realized demand under an admission time guarantee. We quantify the value of flexible capacity deployment and: (a) provide the optimal capacity by disruption plan to ensure an admission time guarantee, (b) provide the optimal long term capacity and reactive capacity, and (c) provide the optimal adaptive routing and admission control decisions to minimize capacity costs to ensure an admission time guarantee. We apply the model to data from the Kumbh Mela at Ujjain, a bathing festival in India that attracts close to 85 million people over a 25‐day period, to provide insights for managers. The models can assist managers of food festivals, music events, religious walks, and other events involving managing people flow across paths during specific time windows.
Serial measurements of body composition using bioelectrical impedance and clinical usefulness of phase angle in colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Seung‐Rim , Bae Jung Hoon , Lee Chul Seung , Al‐Sawat Abdullah , Park Soo Ji , Lee Hyo Jin , Yoon Mi Ran , Jin Hyeong Yong , Lee Yoon Suk , Lee Do Sang , Lee In Kyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough body composition (BC) can be measured easily using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), there are few studies of serial BC measurements in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the present study was to observe the serial change of BC in patients with CRC surgery from the initiation to the end of chemotherapy and to evaluate its clinical usefulness.MethodsFrom July 2018 to November 2019, patients undergoing elective CRC surgery were enrolled. All clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. BIA data were collected prospectively at four time points (initial, discharge day, first chemotherapy, and 6 months later). BC was measured using a commercial BIA device.ResultsA total of 160 patients were enrolled, and 110 (68.8%) patients were followed. Most BC measurements, such as weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and fat mass index, were lowest at the first chemotherapy and rebounded after 6 months. Phase angle (PhA) and the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) were “V” shaped and inverted “V” shaped, respectively, and the peaks were on discharge days. This pattern of BC showed significant difference according to sarcopenia, old age (>70 years), and advanced stage (III or IV). The change of PhA and ECW/TBW sensitively pattern differences according to clinical aspect.ConclusionsUsing BIA, serial BC measurements were taken to establish a pattern based on clinical characteristics. PhA showed the most sensitive change according to the patient's clinical aspect.
Building better conservation media for primates and people: A case study of orangutan rescue and rehabilitation YouTube videos
Authors: Freund Cathryn A. , Heaning Erin G. , Mulrain Imani R. , McCann Jesse B. , DiGiorgio Andrea L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Conservation organizations rely on social/internet media platforms to raise awareness and fundraise. Social media is a double‐edged sword: it can be a wide‐reaching and effective tool for education and fundraising, but can also have counterproductive impacts on public views towards wildlife and understanding of wildlife conservation.

For example, depicting humans interacting with wildlife in media may increase video popularity, but animals shown in anthropogenic contexts are also viewed as appealing pets. We are interested in understanding whether this is true for social media posts (YouTube videos) by orangutan rescue and rehabilitation organizations, which rely on social media for fundraising and awareness raising. Our goal is to provide data and recommendations to guide these organizations in building media with positive conservation impact while minimizing potential negative effects.

Using YouTube analytics and sentiment analysis of comments on 117 videos, we ask how viewer responses to videos vary with (a) the amount of human–orangutan interaction depicted, (b) the ages of the orangutans featured and (c) the mention of threats to orangutans.

Videos with longer human–orangutan interaction time were viewed more, but comments on them were significantly more likely to be negative towards Indonesian/Malaysian people. Comments on orangutan rescue/rehabilitation videos were more likely to be categorized as negative for orangutan conservation compared to videos about orangutans generally, and within these, so were comments on videos featuring infant and juvenile orangutans.

Based on our findings, we recommend that orangutan rescue and rehabilitation organizations feature adult and mixed age groups of orangutans rather than infants and juveniles, minimize the amount of human–orangutan interaction shown and talk about conservation threats to orangutans in their videos. We also recommend that, as a precaution, other primate rescue and rehabilitation groups also abide by these suggestions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Bronchoalveolar lavage profiles in uncontrolled wheezy children compared by asthma predictive index
Authors: Ezmigna Dima , Brown Mark , Daines Cori , Morgan Wayne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe asthma predictive index (API) predicts later asthma in preschoolers with frequent wheeze. We hypothesized that airway cytology differs between API positive (API+)/negative (API−) children with uncontrolled/recurrent wheezing with dominance of eosinophils in API+ and neutrophils in API− groups respectively. The main objective of this study is to compare bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell profiles in API+/API− children with recurrent wheezing unresponsive to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).DesignRetrospective analysis of BAL in 43 children, 3–36 months (median: 14 months) receiving ICS (31 API+, 12 API−). BAL cell differential counts, bacterial/viral cultures, and lipid‐laden macrophage percentages were analyzed. Cell counts presented as median (range).ResultsNeutrophil percentages were increased in both groups (API− 16% [1%–76%]; API+ 42% [1%–95%]; p = NS). Cell percentages were similar for lymphocytes (API− 12% [1%–30%]; API+ 7% [1%–37%]), and macrophages (API− 67.5% [12%–97%]; API+ 41% [2%–94%]). Eosinophil percentages were low in both groups (API− 1% [1%–2%]; API+ 1% [1%–11%]). There was no difference in cellular distributions using absolute cell counts comparing API groups. Bacterial cultures were positive in 18 (60%) API+ and 5 (41%) API− patients (p = 0.10).ConclusionCell profiles do not differ between API groups in children ≤36 months with recurrent wheezing unresponsive to ICS. Neutrophil percentages and total granulocyte count correlate with positive bacterial cultures independent of API status. Persistent bacterial bronchitis likely plays an important role in the persistence of symptoms unresponsive to ICS therapy regardless of API status with a trend to more positive cultures in API positive children.
Immunomodulation induced by central nervous system‐related peptides as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Palumbo María Laura , Moroni Alejandro David , Quiroga Sofía , Castro María Micaela , Burgueño Adriana Laura , Genaro Ana María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons affecting motor, sensory, and/or cognitive functions. The incidence of these diseases is increasing and has a great impact due to their high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies only temporarily improve the patients’ quality of life but are insufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. An interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) is widely associated with neuronal damage in NDD. Usually, immune cell infiltration has been identified with inflammation and is considered harmful to the injured CNS. However, the immune system has a crucial role in the protection and regeneration of the injured CNS. Nowadays, there is a consensus that deregulation of immune homeostasis may represent one of the key initial steps in NDD. Dr. Michal Schwartz originally conceived the concept of “protective autoimmunity” (PA) as a well‐controlled peripheral inflammatory reaction after injury, essential for neuroprotection and regeneration. Several studies suggested that immunizing with a weaker version of the neural self‐antigen would generate PA without degenerative autoimmunity. The development of CNS‐related peptides with immunomodulatory neuroprotective effect led to important research to evaluate their use in chronic and acute NDD. In this review, we refer to the role of PA and the potential applications of active immunization as a therapeutic option for NDD treatment. In particular, we focus on the experimental and clinical promissory findings for CNS‐related peptides with beneficial immunomodulatory effects.