bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MELD Score Is Superior to the Maddrey Discriminant Function Score to Predict Short-Term Mortality in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Global Study
Authors: Morales-Arráez D. , Ventura-Cots M. , Altamirano J. , Abraldes J.G. , Cruz-Lemini M. , Thursz M.R. , Atkinson S.R. , Sarin S.K. , Kim W. , Chavez-Araujo R. , Higuera-de la Tijera M.F. , Singal A.K. , Shah V.H. , Kamath P.S. , Duarte-Rojo A. , Charles E.A. , Vargas V. , Jager M. , Rautou P.E. , Rincon D. , Zamarripa F. , Restrepo-Gutiérrez J.C. , Torre A. , Lucey M.R. , Arab J.P. , Mathurin P. , Louvet A. , García-Tsao G. , González J.A. , Verna E.C. , Brown R.S. , Argemi J. , Fernández-Carillo C. , Clemente A. , Alvarado-Tapias E. , Forrest E. , Allison M. , Bataller R. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Several scoring systems predict mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), including the Maddrey discriminant function (mDF) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score developed in the United States, Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score in the United Kingdom, and age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine score in Spain. To date, no global studies have examined the utility of these scores, nor has the MELD-sodium been evaluated for outcome prediction in AH. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of different scores to predict short-term mortality in AH and investigated additional factors to improve mortality prediction.

METHODS:
Patients admitted to hospital with a definite or probable AH were recruited by 85 tertiary centers in 11 countries and across 3 continents. Baseline demographic and laboratory variables were obtained. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 28 and 90 days.

RESULTS:
In total, 3,101 patients were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions (n = 520), 2,581 patients were enrolled (74.4% male, median age 48 years, interquartile range 40.9–55.0 years). The median MELD score was 23.5 (interquartile range 20.5–27.8). Mortality at 28 and 90 days was 20% and 30.9%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 28-day mortality ranged from 0.776 for MELD-sodium to 0.701 for mDF, and for 90-day mortality, it ranged from 0.773 for MELD to 0.709 for mDF. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for mDF to predict death was significantly lower than all other scores. Age added to MELD obtained only a small improvement of AUC.

DISCUSSION:
These results suggest that the mDF score should no longer be used to assess AH's prognosis. The MELD score has the best performance in predicting short-term mortality.
Etyczny wymiar badań nad przygotowaniem i zastosowaniem szczepionki przeciw COVID-19
Authors: Szczodry Marcin 
Published: December 2021

Pandemia wywołana koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2 uruchomiła wyścig w celu znalezienia szczepionki na COVID-19 i na nowo otworzyła pytania natury etycznej, które są aktualne przy każdorazowo podejmowanych badaniach i poszukiwaniach w celu znalezienia adekwatnej szczepionki na choroby zakaźne, na które brak jeszcze skutecznej ochrony. Artykuł przedstawia problemy etyczne związane z procesem przygotowania szczepionki w fazie eksperymentów i badań oraz kwestie etyczne związane z dystrybucją i dostępnością szczepień, gdy szczepionka jest już dostępna na rynku. Międzynarodowe dokumenty, m.in. Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia, dokumenty Kościoła i dyskusja w środowisku bioetycznym wskazują, iż temat ten jest niezwykle ważny i nie można go pominąć w procesie badań i prac nad przygotowaniem nowej szczepionki. Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze zagadnienia etyczne z tym związane: kwestię proporcjonalności ryzyka, wyrażania świadomej zgody na udział w eksperymencie, wykorzystania materiału biologicznego z niegodziwego źródła, problem metodologii i organizacji badań medycznych w trakcie pandemii, kwestię kontrolowanego zakażenia wirusem ochotników eksperymentu, problemy etyczno-społeczne związane z dostępnością i zastosowaniem szczepionki, szczególnie dla ubogich osób, dla ubogich państw. Przegląd problematyki etycznej związanej z przygotowywaniem szczepionki na COVID-19, prowadzeniem badań klinicznych na ludziach, jak również z fazą szczepień w czasie pandemii, pokazuje, że jest to temat bardzo złożony i wymagający interdyscyplinarnego podejścia.
Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
Authors: Tuerxun Kebinuer , Zhang Shufang , Zhang Yuexin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) functions as a transcription factor to participate in vertebrate embryogenesis, and dysregulated PITX2 expression was associated with the progression of various cancers. The functional role of PITX2 in tumorigenesis of liver cancer remains unknown. Western blot analysis showed that expression levels of PITX2 were enhanced in the liver cancer tissues and cells. siRNAs targeting PITX2 induced downregulation of PITX2 in liver cancer cells. siRNA-induced knockdown of PITX2 decreased liver cancer cell viability and proliferation, while promoting cell apoptosis by increasing cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9. The knockdown of PITX2 repressed liver cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, elevated PITX2 expression was associated with liver cancer progression through repression of cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation and metastasis, and silencing of PITX2 might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
L
∞-error estimates of a finite element method for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations with nonlinear source terms with mixed boundary condition
Authors: Miloudi Madjda , Saadi Samira , Haiour Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new method to analyze the convergence of the standard finite element method for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with noncoercive operators with nonlinear source terms with the mixed boundary conditions. The method consists of combining Bensoussan-Lions algorithm with the characterization of the solution, in both the continuous and discrete contexts, as fixed point of contraction. Optimal error estimates are then derived, first between the continuous algorithm and its finite element counterpart and then between the continuous solution and the approximate solution.
Performance comparison of the wavenumber and spatial domain techniques for mapping basement reliefs from gravity data
Authors: Pham Luan Thanh , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Gómez-Ortiz David , Duong Van-Hao , Abdelrahman Kamal , Alzahrani Hassan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Estimating the density interface depth is an important task when interpreting gravity data. A range of techniques can be applied for this. Here we compare the effectiveness of the wavenumber and spatial domain techniques for inverting gravity data with respect to basement reliefs. These techniques were tested with two synthetic gravity models, and then applied to a real case: the gravity data of the Magura basin (East Slovakian Outer Carpathian). The findings show that the spatial domain technique can precisely estimate the structures, but the computation speed is slow, while the wavenumber domain technique can perform faster computations with less precision.
Synthesis and characterization of fat-liquor from waste tallow
Authors: Angeline Preethi D. , Panda Rames C. , Saravanathamizhan Ramanujam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The fat-liquoring is an important step in leather making before dying to improve the glossiness, appearance, physical and chemical qualities of the leather. Synthetic sulphonated or sulphited oils are generally used to fill fibrous leather & to give it soft, elastic and loose characteristics. Natural fat-liquors (vegetable and animal-based) and synthetic fat-liquors are the two types of emulsions. The emulsion’s charge can be anionic, cationic, or nonionic. In this study, fat-liquor has been made from a bio-waste, namely tallow, which is obtained from a slaughterhouse as a byproduct of the animal hides and skin processing for leather. Triglycerides, a combination of oleic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids, and glycerol make up the majority of this animal fat. Fat-liquor is made through a series of three reactions, namely, amidation, esterification, and sulphitation. Amidation helps to increase the hydroxyl groups. To react with fat, alkanol amine with a wide emulsifying characteristic isutilised. Anhydrides derived from di-carboxylic acids were then esterified with amidated fat in the next phase. By altering the process recipe, the stability of the emulsion product has been examined, and required raw materials are optimized. Finally, aqueous hydrolyzed sodium metabisulphite is used to sulphite the product, yielding bisulphite and hydroxide ions. The saponification and acid values are computed. The end product has a distinct advantage (anti-foaming & fire-retardant) over traditional fat-liquoring techniques. Material balance is performed once the process flow sheet was created. The process has been scaled up with the help of a preliminary reactor design. The degree of fat-liquoring and the process’ performance are revealed by FTIR spectrum. NMR was used to determine the final product’s structure.
Nursing students’ adverse childhood experience scores: a national survey
Authors: Clark Carey S. , Aboueissa Abou El-Makarim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the adverse childhood experience scores (ACES) of nursing students in the United States.

Methods
Utilized the standardized Family Health History Questionnaire to determine the ACES of a national sample of nursing students. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings.

Results
Nursing students ACES indicate that they enter academia with a much higher baseline of childhood trauma versus the general population. Over 40% of nursing students surveyed had an ACES of 4 or more versus the national average of 12.5–13.3% of the general population having an ACES of 4 or more.

Conclusions
This data provides support for Conti-O'Hare's theory of nurses as wounded healer. Nursing faculty should consider nursing students to be members of a vulnerable population and revise curricula to support nursing students stress resileince.
KIM-1 and GADDI-153 gene expression in paracetamol-induced acute kidney injury: effects of N-acetylcysteine, N-acetylmethionine, and N-acetylglucosamine
Authors: Mohamed Nahed A. , Hassan Mohammed H. , Saleem Tahia H. , Mohamed Sotohy A. , El-Zeftawy Marwa , Ahmed Eman A. , Mostafa Nashwa A. M. , Hetta Helal F. , Hasan Al Shaimaa , Abdallah Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical event characterized by a reduction in the excretory function of the kidneys. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetylmethionine (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) are antioxidants with scanty known genetic mechanisms. We aimed to assess both kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and growth-arrested DNA damage-inducible gene-153 (GADD-153) genes expression in paracetamol (PA) induced AKI. Also, to recognize whether NAC, NAM and/or NAG have roles in altering the expression of these genes for ameliorating the AKI induced by PA.

Methods
The present preliminary study achieved the AKI model by oral administration of PA therapeutic dose for 15 days in experimental male rats. Serum urea, creatinine, and renal oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Genetic expression of KIM-1 and GADD-153 were determined using real time-PCR.

Results
Significant elevations of serum urea, creatinine and nitric oxide in renal tissue after PA administration; however, total thiol content was reduced. In addition, both KIM-1 and GADD-153 were upregulated. These biochemical alterations were improved after using NAC and partially after NAM; however, NAG had little effect.

Conclusions
Up-regulation of both KIM-1 and GADD-153 occur in AKI induced by PA, which was significantly reversed by NAC.
Модельна оцінка результативності інноваційної діяльності економічного суб’єкту в контексті сталого розвитку (на прикладі домогосподарства)
Authors: Ivanov Roman V. , Grynko Tetiana V. 
Published: December 2021

Мета роботи: Розробити модель формування економічної поведінки домогосподарств в умовах балансу доходів і витрат, яка дозволяє провести якісну оцінку впливу інноваційної діяльності домогосподарства на процеси сталого розвитку. Результати дослідження: У статті розвинено концепцію сталого розвитку та на основі моделі, побудованої у просторі станів, уперше запропоновано конструкт, який отримав назву «активний економічний диполь». За його допомогою аналітично доведено, що інноваційна діяльність домогосподарств позитивно впливає як на їх сталий розвиток, так і на сталий розвиток економічної системи в цілому Практичне значення дослідження: Запропонований підхід може бути використаний для якісної оцінки ефективності діяльності економічних суб’єктів в умовах збалансованої циркуляції ресурсів в контексті стійкого розвитку. Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: Авторська модель оцінки інноваційної діяльності домогосподарств оригінальна. Модель не має аналогів у науковій літературі досліджуваної предметної області. Обмеження досліджень / Перспективи подальших досліджень: Дослідження пропонує узагальнену модель без повного опису розмірності її складових та процедури визначення вхідних параметрів. Такий опис та його застосування визначають потенційні напрямки подальших досліджень. Тип статті: Теоретичний.
High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of rivastigmine and its metabolite in rat plasma
Authors: Sato Yuhki , Michihara Ayana , Nagatsuka (Handa) Yuka , Yamamoto Kouichi , Shirakawa Makoto , Katayama Hirokazu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Several studies on the pharmacokinetic parameters of antidementia drugs have reported that plasma concentration is linked to the drugs’ efficacy and adverse effects. At present, there is no quantitation method that is highly sensitive and can be applied to simultaneous monitoring of the pharmacokinetics of rivastigmine and its metabolites (NAP 226-90) in rat plasma. No methods fulfilling the assay validation requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency was also established. Therefore, this study developed a quantitative method for measuring rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, examining plasma samples after rivastigmine administration. Rat plasma samples were prepared via the protein precipitation method. The methods for measuring rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 concentrations showed good fit over wide ranges of 1–100 ng mL−1 and 0.5–50 ng mL−1, with lower limits of quantification at 1 ng mL−1 and 0.5 ng mL−1, respectively. The plasma concentrations of rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 in six healthy rats were successfully determined, demonstrating the feasibility of applying the developed method. Thus, this research has successfully developed a sensitive, selective method, to simultaneously quantify rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 concentrations in rat plasma and be applicable to a pharmacokinetic study.
The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes
Authors: Bayer Ramazan , Eken Özgür 
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance.
Materials and Methods. Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83± 1.46 years; height, 175.33± 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 ±13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days.
Results. There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 ± 6,33; 37,17 ± 4,18 and next, 36,05 ± 4,68.
Conclusion. As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.
Existential and Psychological Problems of Aging: The Perspective of Ukrainian Lyrics’ Art Representation
Authors: Shaf O. V. , Oliynyk N. P. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Aging is intricate process of self-transformation in view of involution of body, loss of sexual attractiveness, but at the same time, old age is a time for reconsideration of self-existence in time and in the world within coherence of life sense targets and their (successful) realization. Unique individual experience of growing old implemented in Ukrainian literature (and lyrics) can complete the data received by gerontology. Moreover gender approach in literary gerontology highlights masculine / feminine phenotypical features of internal reverberating of aging. Theoretical basis. To inquire into existential and psychological problems of aging exemplified in the twentieth-century Ukrainian Lyrics it is seems to be the most effective to employ philosophical (A. Anhelova, V. Demidov, T. Dziuba, K. Pigrov, S. Lishaev, O. Khrystenko and others) and psychological (O. Berezina, S. Hamilton, V. Savchyn, Y. Sapogova and others) approaches in gerontology, as well as feministic studies on elder female body discrimination, in particular in literature (K. Woodward, J. King). Originality. This research paves the way to the development of gender and literary dimensions in Ukrainian gerontology and anthropology in general. Some of the existential and psychological problems of aging (as anxiety of body involution and decline of strength, as well as finding the compensatory pleasure in wisdom and spiritual treasures) are revealed on the material of 20th-century Ukrainian poetry (N. Livytska-Kholodna, B. Lepkyi, M. Zerov, Yurii Klen, Y. Malaniuk, Y. Tarnawsky, I. Zhylenko, S. Yovenko and others). The individual lyric experience of aging in different gender moods is anchored mostly in psychic, mental, sense-life strategies. Conclusions. Among the feminine strategies of aging self-reception there are observation of own elder body with anxiety and fear, its "invisibility", deepened feelings of loneliness, self-estrangement, but also finding the sense of life and soul harmony in own family, offspring. Masculine self-reception of aging deals with ideal spiritual model of Wise old man – more abstract than personal; masculine anxiety is caused by physical bodily declining, not attractiveness, but strength and power loosing.
FIRST STEPS BEFORE THE JUMP: UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS SURVEY ABOUT OER
Authors: KOLESNYKOVA Tetiana O. , MATVEYEVA Olena V. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. The authors study: 1) the level of awareness of librarians of Ukrainian universities about Open Educational Resources (OER); 2) the ability of librarians to provide support services for the development, creation and use of OER in teaching, learning, research. Methods. The study was conducted by methods of analysis of professional literature, online survey (questionnaires) and analysis of the results. The questionnaires “Library of Higher Education Institution in Support of Distance Learning: Open Educational Resources” was distributed from 20.04. until 20.05.2021 among 137 directors of libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Responses came from 77 libraries. The questionnaire consisted of 9 open-ended and closed-ended questions to allow researchers to get a holistic picture of the research process. Results. The analysis of 77 questionnaires showed that the vast majority of free HEI libraries in Ukraine have extensive experience in working with electronic educational resources. Ranking by resource type prove that 95.89% of library collections are the own generation resources (HEI authors): databases, incl. repositories. The concept of "Open Educational Resources" (OERs) is familiar and understandable to 84.42% of respondents. At the same time, 75.32% are already involved in supporting the OER. Librarians may catalog them (21.92%) or not catalog (32.88%). Among the OER types supported by librarians, educational materials (77.05%) and textbooks (55.74%) predominate. The closest partnership of librarians in OER support (except for teachers) is with the specialists of IT services (66.13%). Conclusions. Despite the still spontaneous, chaotic and little-studied nature of the library movement towards OER, librarians are well aware of this issue. At the same time, 96.1% of respondents want to improve their competencies in the direction of supporting open educational resources. This is very important, because it is the understanding and acceptance of OER that is crucial for a long-term vision of this movement. That is why specific aspects, such as organizational, economic, personnel and motivational, need urgent further study.
New triple molybdate and tungstate Na5Rb7Sc2(XO4)9 (X = Mo, W)
Authors: Spiridonova Tatyana S. , Savina Aleksandra A. , Kovtunets Evgeniy V. , Khaikina Elena G. 
Published: December 2021

New compounds of the composition Na5Rb7Sc2(XO4)9 (X = Mo, W) were obtained via the ceramic technology. The sequences of chemical transformations occurring during the formation of these compounds were established, and their primary characterization was performed. Both Na5Rb7Sc2(XO4)9 (X = Mo, W) were found to melt incongruently at 857 K (X = Mo) and 889 K (X = W). They are isostructural to Ag5Rb7Sc2(XO4)9 (X = Mo, W), Na5Cs7Ln2(MoO4)9 (Ln = Tm, Yb, Lu) and crystallize in the trigonal crystal system (sp. gr. R32). The crystal structures were refined with the Rietveld method using the powder X-ray diffraction data. The thermal expansion of Na5Rb7Sc2(WO4)9 was studied by high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction; it was shown that this triple tungstate belongs to high thermal expansion materials.
New naphtho[1,8-ef]perimidines: synthesis, fluorescence studies and application for detection of nitroanalytes
Authors: Nikonov Igor L. , Sadieva Leila K. , Savchuk Мaria I. , Starnovskaya Еkaterina S. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kovalev Igor S. , Кim Grigory А. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: December 2021

A rational approach to the synthesis of substituted naphtho[1,8-ef]perimidines based on SNH methodology and cyclization reaction in the series of condensed azines with naphthalene substituents was presented. Photophysical properties of the obtained fluorophores were studied, in particular, green fluorescence in the 485–536 nm range with quantum yield up to 32.4% was detected. HOMO-LUMO energy values and distributions for the new compounds were calculated by the DFT method in comparison with nitroanalytes and perylene. Based on the data obtained, as well as on the results of fluorescence titration, the possibility of using the new diazaperylenes as potential chemosensors for the visual detection of nitro-containing explosives was shown.