bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance DNA methylation in pre-meiotic germ cells regulates meiotic prophase by facilitating homologous chromosome pairing
Authors: Takada Yuki , Yaman-Deveci Ruken , Shirakawa Takayuki , Sharif Jafar , Tomizawa Shin-ichi , Miura Fumihito , Ito Takashi , Ono Michio , Nakajima Kuniko , Koseki Yoko , Shiotani Fuyuko , Ishiguro Kei-ichiro , Ohbo Kazuyuki , Koseki Haruhiko 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Heterochromatin-related epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, facilitate pairing of homologous chromosomes during the meiotic prophase of mammalian spermatogenesis. In pro-spermatogonia, de novo DNA methylation plays a key role in completing meiotic prophase and initiating meiotic division. However, the role of maintenance DNA methylation in the regulation of meiosis, especially in the adult, is not well understood. Here, we reveal that NP95 (also known as UHRF1) and DNMT1 – two essential proteins for maintenance DNA methylation – are co-expressed in spermatogonia and are necessary for meiosis in male germ cells. We find that Np95- or Dnmt1-deficient spermatocytes exhibit spermatogenic defects characterized by synaptic failure during meiotic prophase. In addition, assembly of pericentric heterochromatin clusters in early meiotic prophase, a phenomenon that is required for subsequent pairing of homologous chromosomes, is disrupted in both mutants. Based on these observations, we propose that DNA methylation, established in pre-meiotic spermatogonia, regulates synapsis of homologous chromosomes and, in turn, quality control of male germ cells. Maintenance DNA methylation, therefore, plays a role in ensuring faithful transmission of both genetic and epigenetic information to offspring.
SESAME – a synchrotron light source in the Middle East: an international research infrastructure in the making
Authors: Rungius Charlotte , Flink Tim , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) is an international research centre located in Jordan. The centre was established in the late 1990s with the intention to foster scientific cooperation in a region of the world that has been torn by persistent conflicts. The project is built on the idea that science can help to overcome barriers and cultural differences within the common ground of science and research. SESAME’s core ambition is to operate an international state-of-the-art synchrotron users’ facility in the north of Amman that is accessible to scientists from all of its member countries: Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Palestine, Turkey and Jordan. Accordingly, SESAME has been often praised as a paramount example of science diplomacy. Our intention for this report was to investigate a concrete international research infrastructure with a specific science diplomacy interest. What were the enabling conditions for such a project to come into being and what keeps SESAME running? What were the challenges and obstacles? How does the composition of member states play into that? How is SESAME related to (and embedded in) the global synchrotron community, academia, researchers and political actors in the region and the world? Did the science diplomacy ambition behind the project turn out to be successful and how does it affect SESAME's future?
Nine Seasons of a Bronchiolitis Observation Unit and Home Oxygen Therapy Protocol
Authors: Ohlsen Timothy J D , Knudson Alexander M , Korgenski E Kent , Sandweiss David R , Hofmann Michelle G , Glasgow Tiffany S , Coon Eric R 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDWe implemented an observation unit and home oxygen therapy (OU‐HOT) protocol at our children's hospital during the 2010‐2011 winter season to facilitate earlier discharge of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. An earlier study demonstrated substantial reductions in inpatient length of stay and costs in the first year after implementation.OBJECTIVEEvaluate long‐term reductions in length of stay and cost.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSInterrupted time‐series analysis, adjusting for patient demographic factors and disease severity. Participants were children aged 3 to 24 months and hospitalized with bronchiolitis from 2007 to 2019.INTERVENTIONOU‐HOT protocol implementation.MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURESHospital length of stay. Process measures were the percentage of patients discharged from the OU; percentage of patients discharged with HOT. Balancing measures were 7‐day hospital revisit rates; annual per‐population bronchiolitis admission rates. Secondary outcomes were inflation‐adjusted cost per episode of care and discharges within 24 hours.RESULTSA total of 7,116 patients met inclusion criteria. The OU‐HOT protocol was associated with immediate decreases in mean length of stay (–30.6 hours; 95% CI, –37.1 to –24.2 hours) and mean cost per episode of care (–$4,181; 95% CI, –$4,829 to –$3,533). These findings were sustained for 9 years after implementation. Hospital revisit rates did not increase immediately (–1.1% immediate change; 95% CI, –1.8% to –0.4%), but a small increase in revisits was observed over time (change in slope 0.4% per season, 95% CI, 0.1%‐0.8%).CONCLUSIONThe OU‐HOT protocol was associated with sustained reductions in length of stay and cost, representing a promising strategy to reduce the inpatient burden of bronchiolitis.
Donosicielstwo, niespełnione ambicje czy zdrada stanu?
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

Informants, Unfulfilled Ambitions or High Treason? Problems of the Educational Environment of Stanisławów in the Years 1914-1915 in the Light of the Investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the Head of the 1st Gimnasium
The author uses the files from the investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the head of the 1st Gymnasium with Polish as the language of instruction, to take a closer look at the problems faced by the citizens of Stanisławów during the first Russian occupation. The files have allowed to recreate the atmosphere between the members of the school community and answer the question to what extent it was a derivative of the headmaster’s nervousness and to what extent due to the unfulfilled ambitions of Teofil Erben, the German language teacher who initiated the investigation into Jezienicki. Thus, the article shows the problem of informants, widespread during the First World War, and the issue of loyalty to the Habsburg monarchy, which was still considered very profitable by many members of the elite.
Polowania w Karpatach Wschodnich w świetle relacji zamieszczanych na łamach czasopisma „Łowiec”
Authors: Bajda Łukasz 
Published: May 2021

Hunting in the Eastern Carpathians in the light of the reports published in the magazine “Łowiec”
“Łowiec” (“Hunter”), the monthly magazine of the Galician Hunting Society issued since 1878, regularly published texts on hunting in the Eastern Carpathians. The hunting appeal of the region was raised by the relatively large brown bear population. The magazine published both longer articles by famous writers and journalists as well as short letters and reports by often anonymous correspondents.
Foreword
Authors: Carr John 
Published: May 2021

In the current food crisis with high feed costs, especially related to protein sources and soya in particular, this is destablising any profitability in the pig industry. At this stage we must reduce the cost of production to survive. Feed is the major cost of production and in this supplement, we look at areas where veterinarians can play a major role on our client's farm by helping to reduce feed wastage. The supplement explores traditional health issues with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the enormous role of vaccination in controlling this long-term scourge. With vaccination in mind, we also explore the most important vaccine in pig production — the PCV2 vaccine. There is a new circovirus around, PCV3, and the paper looks at its possible involvement in the cost of production and its impacts on pig reproduction.
Comparison of pyrometry and thermography for thermal analysis of thermite reactions
Authors: Woodruff Connor , Dean Steven W. , Pantoya Michelle L. 
Published: May 2021

This study examines the thermal behavior of a laser ignited thermite
composed of aluminum and bismuth trioxide. Temperature data were
collected during the reaction using a four-color pyrometer and a
high-speed color camera modified for thermography. The two diagnostics
were arranged to collect data simultaneously, with similar fields of
view and with similar data acquisition rates, so that the two
techniques could be directly compared. Results show that at initial
and final stages of the reaction, a lower signal-to-noise ratio
affects the accuracy of the measured temperatures. Both diagnostics
captured the same trends in transient thermal behavior, but the
average temperatures measured with thermography were about 750 K
higher than those from the pyrometer. This difference was attributed
to the lower dynamic range of the thermography camera’s image sensor,
which was unable to resolve cooler temperatures in the field of view
as well as the photomultiplier tube sensors in the pyrometer. Overall,
while the camera could not accurately capture the average temperature
of a scene, its ability to capture peak temperatures and spatial data
make it the preferred method for tracking thermal behavior in thermite
reactions.
A comparison of foot posture and walking performance in patients with mild, moderate, and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Zhu Feilong , Hong Qianqin , Guo Xiaoqi , Wang Dan , Chen Jie , Zhu Qian , Zhang Chong , Chen Wei , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2021

Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis. However, the underlying mechanisms linking spinal curvature in AIS to foot characteristics and walking performance remain unclear.

Objective
This study aimed to compare walking performance between adolescents with mild, moderate, and severe scoliosis and matched healthy peers with foot posture as covariates.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of 96 adolescents was conducted between April 2020 to October 2020 in China, with 32 healthy peers in the control group and 64 patients in the AIS group. Foot posture and morphology, plantar pressure distribution, and gait characteristics were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and a post hoc comparison of the mean differences between the different groups was performed. Multiple analyses of covariance adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), and walking speed were performed.

Results
Of the 64 adolescents with scoliosis, 18 had mild AIS, 32 had moderate AIS, and 14 had severe AIS. The AI and FPI were much higher in the moderate and severe AIS groups (p = 0.018) and the severe AIS group (p<0.001), respectively, than in the control group. The severe AIS group had advanced and longer midstance (p = 0.014) and delayed propulsion phase (p = 0.013) than the control group. Patients with moderate and severe AIS had asymmetrical gait periods in the left and right limbs (p<0.05). Significant differences in the center-of-pressure excursion index (CPEI) were found between the moderate and severe AIS and control groups (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Moderate and severe AIS significantly influenced walking performance; however, no significant differences were observed between adolescents with mild AIS and healthy controls. Thus, early intervention could target the prevention of specific functional deficits and prevent it from progressing to a severe state.
Difference of Schirmer Test Results Before and After Using Smartphones with Various Screen Brightness Levels
Authors: Dumadi Dodik , Maharani Maharani , Kesoema Tanti Ajoe , Prihatningtias Riski 
Published: May 2021

Background : The use of smartphones and other digital devices such as laptops and tablets is familiar in Indonesian society. Excessive uses of the devices are associated with dry eye syndrome and tear film dysfunction. The intensity of blue light when penetrating the eye is believed to affect tear film stability. Thus it will encourage tear evaporation which proved by Schirmer test.Objective : To find out the difference of Schirmer test results before and after using a smartphone with various screen brightness levels.Methods : This study used pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The research subjects were students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University (n = 30) who were selected by purposive sampling. In this study, the research subjects used smartphones for an hour with a predetermined screen brightness level, with the same room lighting. Before and after treatment the subject was measured the quantity of tears using the Schirmer test. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal Wallis test.Results : The average pretest result on low brightness was 25,60 ± 9,44 and the post-test result was 17,60 ± 8,45. The pre-test result on medium brightness was 27,90 ± 9,46 and the post-test result was 24,80 ± 10,46. The pre-test result on high brightness was 23,60 ± 6,80 and the post-test result was 19,10 ± 7,95. The Schirmer test results before and after using smartphones with low brightness showed a significant different (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference for the pre-post test using smartphones with medium and high brightness. Comparison of Schirmer test results on low, medium and high screen brightness did not show a significant difference.Conclusion : There is no significant difference between the Schirmer test results among low, medium and high screen brightness after one hour of smartphone usage.
At-home HIV self-testing during COVID: implementing the GetaKit project in Ottawa
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick , Musten Alexandra , Orser Lauren , Inamdar Gauri , Grayson Marie-Odile , Jones Clay , Francoeur Megan , Lachance Sarah , Paulin Vickie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSettingIn March 2020, COVID-19 shuttered access to many healthcare settings offering HIV testing and there is no licensed HIV self-test in Canada.InterventionA team of nurses at the University of Ottawa and Ottawa Public Health and staff from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network (OHTN) obtained Health Canada’s Special Access approval on April 23, 2020 to distribute bioLytical’s INSTI HIV self-test in Ottawa; we received REB approval on May 15, 2020. As of July 20, 2020, eligible participants (≥18 years old, HIV-negative, not on PrEP, not in an HIV vaccine trial, living in Ottawa, no bleeding disorders) could register viawww.GetaKit.cato order kits.OutcomesIn the first 6 weeks, 637 persons completed our eligibility screener; 43.3% (n= 276) were eligible. Of eligible participants, 203 completed a baseline survey and 182 ordered a test. These 203 participants were an average of 31 years old, 72.3% were white, 60.4% were cis-male, and 55% self-identified as gay. Seventy-one percent (n= 144) belonged to a priority group for HIV testing. We have results for 70.9% (n= 129/182) of participants who ordered a kit: none were positive, 104 were negative, 22 were invalid, and 2 “preferred not to say”; 1 participant reported an unreadiness to test.ImplicationsOur results show that HIV self-testing is a pandemic-friendly strategy to help ensure access to sexual health services among persons who are good candidates for HIV testing. It is unsurprising that no one tested positive for HIV thus far, given the 0.08% positivity rate for HIV testing in Ottawa. As such, we advocate for scale-up of HIV self-testing in Canada.
ESTABLISHING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE ARABIC VERSION OF THE HYPERACUSIS QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Alkharabsheh Ana'am , Alaqrabawi Wala 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTo evaluate the extent of hyperacusis, different validated questionnaires have been published in English, such as the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ) developed by Khalfa. However, there is currently no reliable and validated Arabic version of the HQ for use in clinical settings. This study aimed to translate the Khalfa modified HQ into Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and to determine its validity and reliability in assessing the severity of hyperacusis in Arabic-speaking countries.Material and methodsThe original English version of the Khalfa modified HQ was translated into MSA. The translated version was applied to 142 patients who were divided into two groups: subjects aware of their hyperacusis and subjects not aware of their hyperacusis condition. Internal consistency reliability and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated. Pairwise comparison of the total score and the score for each dimension was performed using unpaired t-tests. Validity assessment, consisting of Construct and Content validity, were also assessed.ResultsResults show high internal consistency and reliability coefficient. Results of correlation analysis suggest an overall strong and significant correlation between the average score of each item and the overall average score of all items in the questionnaire. The mean difference between the group reporting hyperacusis and the group reporting no hyperacusis was not statistically significant. Also, the gender effect was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe Arabic version of the modified HQ shows high reliability and validity, suggesting it is a useful tool for the assessment of the severity of hyperacusis of Arabic-speaking patients with hyperacusis.
AUDITORY STREAM SEGREGATION WITH SINUSOIDALLY AMPLITUDE MODULATED TONAL STIMULI IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
Authors: Antony P Jawahar , Barman Animesh 
Published: May 2021

AimTo study auditory stream perception in sensorineural hearing loss using sinusoidally amplitude modulated signals (SAM).Material and methodsThere were 30 participants with normal hearing and 30 participants with SNHL who participated in the study. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, an AB sequence of SAM stimuli was presented having a standard or reference modulation frequency in the A stimuli and a comparison or target modulation frequency in the B stimuli. In Experiment II, only a B stimuli sequence was presented. Both a low carrier frequency of 1 kHz and a high carrier frequency of 4 kHz were used in the experiment. A lower standard modulation frequency of 16 Hz and a higher standard modulation frequency of 256 Hz were considered. The comparison modulation frequencies ranged from 1 octave above to 4 octaves above the standard modulation frequencies. The objective listening task was to pick the irregularity in the rhythmic sequence when different levels of time delays were introduced, and this delay was used as a measure of stream perception.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the normal hearing group and the SNHL group in their ability to detect irregularities when higher standard modulation frequencies were used, irrespective of the carrier frequencies. The SNHL group identified the irregularities better than the normal hearing group, indicating they had poorer stream perception.ConclusionsPoorer stream perception with sinusoidal amplitude modulated tonal stimuli in the SNHL group can be attributed to poorer frequency resolution in the SNHL group.
AUDITORY EVALUATION IN A CASE OF HEARING LOSS IN AN INFANT WITH CONGENITAL ZIKA SYNDROME (CZS)
Authors: Sanfins Milaine , Brandão Lavinia , Skarzynski Piotr , Griz Silvana , Melo Adriana 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe Zika virus (ZIKV) was detected in Brazil in 2014. At the end of 2015 microcephaly was the first distinctive sign. By 2016, the first two cases of congenital Zika had been described, with a strong correlation between the virus and microcephaly.Case reportA male infant was born at 32 weeks gestation, weight 1,750 grams, cranial perimeter 26 cm. He remained in intensive care for 5 days for neonatal seizures, required oxygen therapy, and had early sepsis. After 11 days in hospital a diagnosis of microcephaly was made. At 12 months, hydrocephalus was identified by computed tomography, with calcification foci in the subcortical region, basal nuclei, cerebellum, and brainstem. These characteristics are typical of congenital zika syndrome (CZS). Audiological tests were done: immittanciometry (tympanometry and acoustic reflex), transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), click ABR, and frequency following response (FFR). In patients with ZIKV, radiological findings show distinctive calcifications at the gray–white matter junction and degrees of delayed cortical development. The findings here of no acoustic reflex and a reduction in otoacoustic emissions in both ears is a preliminary indication of outer hair cell involvement that could later lead to communication deficits. ABR responses showed hearing pathway impairment in both ears up to the brainstem, and diminished FFR responses point to possible difficulties in speech perception. The present case study adds to our knowledge of the effect of CZS on the auditory system and strengthens the recommendation that ZIKV be included as an indicator for risk of hearing loss.
Cataloging Of Unit Replacement Based On Long Run Repair Average Cost Rate (Acr) Based On Weibull Distribution Model
Authors: Et. al. Dr. K. Uma Maheswari, 
Published: May 2021

Large amounts of money are lost each year in the real-estate industry because of poor schedule and cost control, In Industry the investigated failure and repair pattern, reliabilities of generators, compressors, turbines, using simple statistical tools and simulation techniques. The repair duration is divided into the 1)Major repair 2)Minor repair ,In major repair having(repair hour greater than a threshold valve)and Minor repair having(repair hour less than (or)equal to threshold valve).This approach is mainly for Weibull distribution method. In Weibull analysis is a common method for failure analysis and reliability engineering used in a wide range of applications. In this paper, the applicability of Weibull analysis for evaluating and comparing the reliability of the schedule performance of multiple projects is presented, while the successive performance of multiple projects is presented ,while the successive repair times are increasing and are exposing to Weibull distribution ,under these assumptions ,an optimal replacement policy ‘T’ in which we replace the system ,when the repair time reaches T. It can be determined that an optimal repair replacement policy T* such that long run average cost and the corresponding optimal replacement policy T* can be determined analytically.
Evaluation of shock index and modified shock index in estimation of MACE parameters in patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction
Authors: AKYOL Pınar Yeşim , KARAKAYA Zeynep , TOPAL Fatih , URNAL Rıfat , ACAR Murat , PAYZA Umut , BİLGİN Serkan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Shock index and modified shock index were used to evaluate the hemodynamic status of patients with trauma, pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shock index and modified shock index as an indicator of major adverse cardiac event parameters in patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction.
Materials and Methods: A total of 194 patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction were included in the study. Shock index and modified shock index were evaluated regarded to predicting major adverse cardiac event and major adverse cardiac event parameters separately.
Results: A total of 194 patients were included in the study. The 7-day mortality was 2.4% in the shock index