bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Doppler waveform and mean velocity of hepatic vein in cirrhotic patients with healthy subjects and their correlation with severity of cirrhosis
Authors: Islam Mahzabeen , Ahmed Akhter Uddin , Mohiuddin AS 
Published: May 2021

This descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder) Dhaka during the period of 1st June 2008 to 30th May 2009, to compare the pattern of the Doppler waveform and mean velocity of hepatic vein between healthy subjects and that in cirrhotic patients and to detect possible differences and also to assess the accuracy of the detection of changes in hepatic vein waveform and mean velocity for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. A total of 40 cirrhotic patients and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Doppler waveform was done in all the patients and the healthy subjects. The mean hepatic vein velocity (MHVV) was 12.22±4.22 cm/sec and 5.17±1.19 cm/sec in case and healthy group respectively. The mean MHVV difference was significantly (p<0.001) higher in case group. 37.5% patient had wave form HV-0 and HV-1 and 25.0% had wave form HV-2 in case group, however, in healthy group all subjects had wave form HV-0 and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between case and healthy. In Child's class A wave form HV-0 was found in 75.0%, HV-1 was 25.0% and HV-2 was not found in case group. In Child's class B wave form HV-0 was found in 21.4%, HV-1 was 71.5% and HV-2 was 7.1%. In Child's class C wave form HV-0 was not found, HV-1 was 10.0% and HV-2 was 90.0%. The and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) among the different grading level with wave form. In Child's class A the mean velocity was 9.18±1.81 cm/sec and velocity ranged from 7.5 to 14.2 cm/sec. In Child's class B the mean velocity was 11.26 ±1.81 cm/sec and velocity ranged from 7.5 to 14.2 cm/sec. In Child's class C the mean velocity was 18.44±1.91 cm/sec and velocity ranged from 15.5 to 20.9 cm/sec. The mean velocity was statistically significant (p<0.05) among Child's class A, Child's class B and Child's class C. From the above summary and previous study it is observed that there is a significant difference between Doppler waveform and mean velocity of right hepatic vein in cirrhotic patients and in normal subjects. It can be used as a new parameter in the assessment of liver cirrhosis.
CBMJ 2014 July: Vol. 03 No. 02 P: 23-28
Magnitude of Deaths due to Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning in Bangladesh-A Study at Dhaka Medical College
Authors: Akber Elias Bin , Forhad Abu Jamil , Chowdhury Mohammad Habibuzzaman , Anam AM Ashraful , Jahan Israt 
Published: May 2021

Poisoning with Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) is one of the important leading causes of morbidity and mortality for the countrymen of Bangladesh. OPC poisoning is a common cause of acute poisoning. The study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of death due to OPC poisoning. This paper presents the study of total 852 cases of poisoning comprising 6.42% of the total 13,300 autopsies done during the period of three years (from 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2011) at Dhaka Medical College Mortuary. Of them, there were 478 cases of OPC poisoning. Most of the victims were from rural areas i.e. 296 cases (61.92%) and 182 cases (38.07%) from urban areas. 274 male victims (57.32%) outnumbered females i.e. 204 cases (42.67%) and the most affected age group was 21-30 years i.e. 214 cases (44.76% ). Farmers were the commonest victim i.e. 270 cases (56.48%) followed by housewives i.e. 105 cases (21.96%). Ingestion was the commonest route of poisoning i.e. 460 cases comprising 96.23% followed by 12 cases of inhalation (2.51%) and others. Suicide dominated the list of manner of death i.e. 466 cases comprising 97.48% followed by accidental i.e. 12 cases (2.51%) of the total 478 cases of OPC poisoning.
CBMJ 2014 July: Vol. 03 No. 02 P: 29-33
Effectiveness and Overall Safety of NutropinAq® for Growth Hormone Deficiency and Other Paediatric Growth Hormone Disorders: Completion of the International Cooperative Growth Study, NutropinAq® European Registry (iNCGS)
Authors: Coutant Regis , Bosch Muñoz Jordi , Dumitrescu Cristina Patricia , Schnabel Dirk , Sert Caroline , Perrot Valerie , Dattani Mehul 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe International Cooperative Growth Study, NutropinAq®European Registry (iNCGS) (NCT00455728) monitored long-term safety and effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; NutropinAq®[somatropin]) in paediatric growth disorders.MethodsOpen-label, non-interventional, post-marketing surveillance study recruiting children with growth disorders. Endpoints included gain in height standard deviation score (SDS), adult height, and occurrence of adverse events (AEs).Results2792 patients were enrolled. 2082 patients (74.6%) had growth hormone deficiency (GHD), which was isolated idiopathic in 1825 patients (87.7%). Non-GHD diagnoses included Turner syndrome (TS) (n=199), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) (n=10), other non-GHD (n=498), and missing data for three participants. Improvements from baseline height SDS occurred at all time points to Month 132, and in all subgroups by disease aetiology. At Month 12, mean (95% CI) change in height SDS by aetiology was: idiopathic GHD 0.63 (0.61;0.66), organic GHD 0.71 (0.62;0.80), TS 0.59 (0.53; 0.65), CRI 0.54 (-0.49;1.56), and other non-GHD 0.64 (0.59;0.69). Mean height ( ± SD) at the last visit among the 235 patients with adult or near-adult height recorded was 154.0 cm ( ± 8.0) for girls and 166.7 cm ( ± 8.0) for boys. The most frequent biological and clinical non-serious drug-related AEs were increased insulin-like growth factor concentrations (314 events) and injection site haematoma (99 events). Serious AEs related to rhGH according to investigators were reported (n=30); the most frequent were scoliosis (4 events), epiphysiolysis (3 events), and strabismus (2 events).ConclusionsThere was an improvement in mean height SDS in all aetiology subgroups after rhGH treatment. No new safety concerns were identified.
Altered Immune Phenotypes and HLA-DQB1 Gene Variation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Failing Interferon β Treatment
Authors: Devi-Marulkar Priyanka , Moraes-Cabe Carolina , Campagne Pascal , Corre Béatrice , Meghraoui-Kheddar Aida , Bondet Vincent , Llibre Alba , Duffy Darragh , Maillart Elisabeth , Papeix Caroline , Pellegrini Sandra , Michel Frédérique 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundInterferon beta (IFNβ) has been prescribed as a first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) for nearly three decades. However, there is still a lack of treatment response markers that correlate with the clinical outcome of patients.AimTo determine a combination of cellular and molecular blood signatures associated with the efficacy of IFNβ treatment using an integrated approach.MethodsThe immune status of 40 RRMS patients, 15 of whom were untreated and 25 that received IFNβ1a treatment (15 responders, 10 non-responders), was investigated by phenotyping regulatory CD4+ T cells and naïve/memory T cell subsets, by measurement of circulating IFNα/β proteins with digital ELISA (Simoa) and analysis of ~600 immune related genes including 159 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) with the Nanostring technology. The potential impact of HLA class II gene variation in treatment responsiveness was investigated by genotyping HLA-DRB1, -DRB3,4,5, -DQA1, and -DQB1, using as a control population the Milieu Interieur cohort of 1,000 French healthy donors.ResultsClinical responders and non-responders displayed similar plasma levels of IFNβ and similar ISG profiles. However, non-responders mainly differed from other subject groups with reduced circulating naïve regulatory T cells, enhanced terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ TEMRA cells, and altered expression of at least six genes with immunoregulatory function. Moreover, non-responders were enriched for HLA-DQB1 genotypes encoding DQ8 and DQ2 serotypes. Interestingly, these two serotypes are associated with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Overall, the immune signatures of non-responders suggest an active disease that is resistant to therapeutic IFNβ, and in which CD4+ T cells, likely restricted by DQ8 and/or DQ2, exert enhanced autoreactive and bystander inflammatory activities.
Cryoglobulins, Cryofibrinogens, and Cold Agglutinins in Cold Urticaria: Literature Review, Retrospective Patient Analysis, and Observational Study in 49 Patients
Authors: Ginter Katharina , Ahsan Dalia Melina , Bizjak Mojca , Krause Karoline , Maurer Marcus , Altrichter Sabine , Terhorst-Molawi Dorothea 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCryoproteins, such as cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens and cold agglutinins, precipitate at low temperatures or agglutinate erythrocytes and dissolve again when warmed. Their pathogenetic and diagnostic importance in cold urticaria (ColdU) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prevalence of cryoproteins in patients with ColdU.MethodsWe conducted 3 analyses: i) a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool for case series, ii) a retrospective analysis of 293 ColdU patients treated at our Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) from 2014 to 2019, and iii) a prospective observational study, from July 2019 to July 2020, with 49 ColdU patients as defined by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations.ResultsOur systematic review identified 14 relevant studies with a total of 1151 ColdU patients. The meta-analyses showed that 3.0% (19/628), 1.1% (4/357) and 0.7% (2/283) of patients had elevated levels of cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens and cold agglutinins, respectively. Our retrospective analyses showed that cryoproteins were assessed in 4.1% (12/293) of ColdU patients. None of 9 ColdU patients had cryoglobulins, and one of 5 had cold agglutinins. In our prospective study, none of our patients had detectable cryoglobulins (0/48) or cryofibrinogens (0/48), but 4.3% (2/46) of patients had cold agglutinins (without any known underlying autoimmune or hematological disorder).ConclusionOur investigation suggests that only very few ColdU patients exhibit cryoproteins and that the pathogenesis of ColdU is driven by other mechanisms, which remain to be identified and characterized in detail.
Novel Immune Cell Subsets Exhibit Different Associations With Vascular Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients—Identifying Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Carrillo-López Natalia , Ulloa Catalina , Martín-Carro Beatriz , Rodríguez-Suárez Carmen , Naves-Díaz Manuel , Sánchez-Álvarez Emilio , Rodríguez-García Minerva , Arcidiacono Maria Vittoria , Fernández-Mariño Belinda , Cannata-Andía Jorge B. , Suárez Ana , Dusso Adriana S. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Alterations in novel immune cell subsets, such as angiogenic T cells (Tang), senescent T cells (CD4+CD28null), and monocyte subsets are associated with impaired vascular homeostasis in several inflammatory conditions. However, mediators underlying vascular deterioration in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly characterized. This study assessed their role in the vascular deterioration of CKD using a broad spectrum of surrogate markers ranging from altered functionality to overt calcification.Methods: Tang (CD3+CD31+CXCR4+), CD4+CD28null cells, and monocytes [CD14/CD16 subsets and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression] were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry in 33 CKD stage 5 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (CKD5-PD) and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Analyses were replicated in a hemodialysis cohort. Vascular surrogate markers (including adventitial vasa vasorum, pulse wave velocity, intima-media thickness, and vascular calcification) were assessed by appropriate imaging methods.Results: In CKD5-PD, decreased Tang levels (p &lt; 0.001) were unrelated to clinical features or traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors but correlated negatively with troponin T levels (r = −0.550, p = 0.003). Instead, CD4+CD28null frequency was increased (p &lt; 0.001), especially in those with vascular calcifications. Quantitative and qualitative differences were also observed within the monocyte pool, a shift toward CD16+ subsets and ACE expression being found in CKD. Equivalent results were observed in the replication cohort. Each subset associated distinctly with adverse vascular outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses: while Tang depletion was linked to poor vascular function and subclinical atherosclerosis, increases in CD4+CD28null were associated with overt vascular thickening and calcification. Monocytes were not independently associated with vascular outcomes in CKD patients.Conclusions: Novel T cell and monocyte subsets are altered in CKD. Altered T-cell subpopulations, but not monocytes, exhibited distinct associations with different vascular outcomes in CKD. Tang are emerging biomarkers of subclinical vascular deterioration in CKD.
Deep Learning-Based Quantification of Visceral Fat Volumes Predicts Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Park Sang Joon , Kim Yong Chul , Min Sang-Il , Ha Jongwon , Kim Yon Su , Yoon Soon Ho , Han Seung Seok 
Published: May 2021

Background: Because obesity is associated with the risk of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), the precise estimation of visceral fat mass before transplantation may be helpful. Herein, we addressed whether a deep-learning based volumetric fat quantification on pretransplant computed tomographic images predicted the risk of PTDM more precisely than body mass index (BMI).Methods: We retrospectively included a total of 718 nondiabetic kidney recipients who underwent pretransplant abdominal computed tomography. The 2D (waist) and 3D (waist or abdominal) volumes of visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat masses were automatically quantified using the deep neural network. The predictability of the PTDM risk was estimated using a multivariate Cox model and compared among the fat parameters using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs).Results: PTDM occurred in 179 patients (24.9%) during the median follow-up period of 5 years (interquartile range, 2.5–8.6 years). All the fat parameters predicted the risk of PTDM, but the visceral and total fat volumes from 2D and 3D evaluations had higher AUROC values than BMI did, and the best predictor of PTDM was the 3D abdominal visceral fat volumes [AUROC, 0.688 (0.636–0.741)]. The addition of the 3D abdominal VF volume to the model with clinical risk factors increased the predictability of PTDM, but BMI did not.Conclusions: A deep-learning based quantification of visceral fat volumes on computed tomographic images better predicts the risk of PTDM after kidney transplantation than BMI.
MBOAT7-TMC4 rs641738 Is Not Associated With the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Persistent Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Ying , Li Lu , Zhong Rong , Shen Na 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveA hot genetic variant, rs641738 within the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7(MBOAT7) and transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4), was recently reported to be associated with several liver diseases. However, the results remain controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of MBOAT7-TMC4 rs641738 in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.MethodsWe first conducted a case-control study that included 779 HCC cases and 1412 cancer-free controls. Controls consisted of 678 persistent HBV carriers and 734 spontaneously recovered subjects. The gene variant rs641738 was genotyped using the MassARRAY platform. The results were analyzed in five genetic models using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Next, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to further explore the role of this variant in HCC risk.ResultsThe results suggested no association between MBOAT7-TMC4 rs641738 and HCC risk in most genetic models (all P &gt; 0.05). Although a marginally significant association was observed in TT vs. CC (P = 0.037) and the recessive models (P = 0.044). The meta-analysis of 2135 HCC cases and 4388 controls supported that this variant was not related to HCC risk, even in the TT vs. CC and recessive models. We also determined that this variant did not influence persistent HBV infection.ConclusionOur work highlights that MBOAT7-TMC4 rs641738 is not associated with the risk of HCC or persistent HBV infection. This study provides some clues to identify the “truth” of potential disease-related genetic factors in the post-genome era.
A Prospective Investigation of Bispecific CD19/22 CAR T Cell Therapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Jiaqi , Lou Xiaoyan , Chen Xiaochen , Yu Zhou , Kang Liqing , Chen Jia , Zhou Jin , Zong Xiangping , Yang Zhen , Li Minghao , Xu Nan , Jia Sixun , Geng Hongzhi , Chen Guanghua , Dai Haiping , Tang Xiaowen , Yu Lei , Wu Depei , Li Caixia 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe use of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) engineered to target CD19 constitutes breakthrough treatment for relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R B-NHL). Despite improved outcomes, high relapse rate remains a challenge to overcome. Here, we report the clinical results and the pharmacokinetics of bispecific CD19/22 CAR T in patients with R/R B-NHL.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single-arm study of bispecific CD19/22 CAR T cells in R/R B-NHL. We analyzed the safety and efficacy and investigated the kinetic profiles of the CAR T cells. CAR transgene levels were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and correlation analyses of pharmacodynamic markers and product characteristics, disease conditions, clinical efficacy and adverse events were performed.ResultsFrom August 2017 to September 2020, a total of 32 patients with CD19/22 CAR T administration were analyzed. The overall response rate was 79.3%, and the complete response rate was 34.5%. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 12 months were 40.0% and 63.3%, respectively. Among patients who had a CR at 3 months, the PFS and OS rates at 12 months were 66.7% and 100%, respectively. Severe cytokine release syndrome (sCRS) (grade 3 and higher) occurred in nine patients (28.1%). Grade 3 or higher neurologic events occurred in four patients (12.5%). One patient died from irreversible severe CRS-associated acute kidney injury. Long-term CAR T cells persistence correlated with clinical efficacy (133 days vs 22 days, P = 0.004). Patients treated with more than three prior therapies and presenting extranodal organ involvement had lower maximal concentration (Cmax) values than other patients. Responders had higher Cmax and area under the curve values than non-responders. Tumour burden and Cmax were potentially associated with the severity of CRS.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the safety and potential clinical efficacy of bispecific CD19/22 CAR T cells in patients with R/R B-NHL and highlights the importance of measuring kinetic parameters in PB to predict efficacy and safety in clinical applications of CAR T cell therapy.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03196830, identifier NCT03196830.
Optogenetic Manipulations of Amygdala Neurons Modulate Spinal Nociceptive Processing and Behavior Under Normal Conditions and in an Arthritis Pain Model
Authors: Mazzitelli Mariacristina , Marshall Kendall , Pham Andrew , Ji Guangchen , Neugebauer Volker 
Published: May 2021

The amygdala is an important neural substrate for the emotional–affective dimension of pain and modulation of pain. The central nucleus (CeA) serves major amygdala output functions and receives nociceptive and affected–related information from the spino-parabrachial and lateral–basolateral amygdala (LA–BLA) networks. The CeA is a major site of extra–hypothalamic expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF, also known as corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH), and amygdala CRF neurons form widespread projections to target regions involved in behavioral and descending pain modulation. Here we explored the effects of modulating amygdala neurons on nociceptive processing in the spinal cord and on pain-like behaviors, using optogenetic activation or silencing of BLA to CeA projections and CeA–CRF neurons under normal conditions and in an acute pain model. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from spinal dorsal horn wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons, which respond more strongly to noxious than innocuous mechanical stimuli, in normal and arthritic adult rats (5–6 h postinduction of a kaolin/carrageenan–monoarthritis in the left knee). For optogenetic activation or silencing of CRF neurons, a Cre–inducible viral vector (DIO–AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) or enhanced Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0) was injected stereotaxically into the right CeA of transgenic Crh–Cre rats. For optogenetic activation or silencing of BLA axon terminals in the CeA, a viral vector (AAV) encoding ChR2 or eNpHR3.0 under the control of the CaMKII promoter was injected stereotaxically into the right BLA of Sprague–Dawley rats. For wireless optical stimulation of ChR2 or eNpHR3.0 expressing CeA–CRF neurons or BLA–CeA axon terminals, an LED optic fiber was stereotaxically implanted into the right CeA. Optical activation of CeA–CRF neurons or of BLA axon terminals in the CeA increased the evoked responses of spinal WDR neurons and induced pain-like behaviors (hypersensitivity and vocalizations) under normal condition. Conversely, optical silencing of CeA–CRF neurons or of BLA axon terminals in the CeA decreased the evoked responses of spinal WDR neurons and vocalizations, but not hypersensitivity, in the arthritis pain model. These findings suggest that the amygdala can drive the activity of spinal cord neurons and pain-like behaviors under normal conditions and in a pain model.
Carer's Attachment Anxiety, Stressful Life-Events and the Risk of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Turin Anja , Dovč Klemen , Klemenčič Simona , Bratina Nataša , Battelino Tadej , Lipovšek Jasna Klara , Uršič Katarina , Shmueli-Goetz Yael , Drobnič-Radobuljac Maja 
Published: May 2021

Background/Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is among the most common chronic diseases in children/adolescents, and the incidence continues to rise worldwide. Different environmental factors have been evaluated in the etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of attachment examining whether insecure attachment to carers or carers' own attachment insecurity was related to a higher risk of T1D in children.Methods: We included 101 children with T1D (mean age 11.8 years), 106 healthy controls (11.6 years), and one of their carers. We assessed children's attachment using the Child Attachment Interview and carers' attachment using the Relationship Structures Questionnaire. We constructed binary multinomial logistic regression models using attachment to mothers, carers' attachment representations, and stressful life-events as T1D predictors.Results: Higher carer attachment anxiety was associated with the child's T1D diagnosis (p &lt; 0.05; R2 = 0.0613) while security of attachment to mothers showed no significant association. When mothers' education was included in the model, both attachment anxiety in higher educated mothers and stressful life events showed a significant association with the child's T1D (p &lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.293).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher attachment-related anxiety in carers with high education and stressful life events are associated with T1D in children.