bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of gene markers related to the prognosis of metastatic skin cutaneous melanoma based on Logit regression and survival analysis
Authors: Jia Guoliang , Song Zheyu , Xu Zhonghang , Tao Youmao , Wu Yuanyu , Wan Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBioinformatics was used to analyze the skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) gene expression profile to provide a theoretical basis for further studying the mechanism underlying metastatic SKCM and the clinical prognosis.MethodsWe downloaded the gene expression profiles of 358 metastatic and 102 primary (nonmetastatic) CM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as a training dataset and the GSE65904 dataset from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database as a validation dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package of R3.4.1, and prognosis-related feature DEGs were screened using Logit regression (LR) and survival analyses. We also used the STRING online database, Cytoscape software, and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery software for protein–protein interaction network, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses based on the screened DEGs.ResultsOf the 876 DEGs selected, 11 (ZNF750, NLRP6, TGM3, KRTDAP, CAMSAP3, KRT6C, CALML5, SPRR2E, CD3G, RTP5, and FAM83C) were screened using LR analysis. The survival prognosis of nonmetastatic group was better compared to the metastatic group between the TCGA training and validation datasets. The 11 DEGs were involved in 9 KEGG signaling pathways, and of these 11 DEGs, CALML5 was a feature DEG involved in the melanogenesis pathway, 12 targets of which were collected.ConclusionThe feature DEGs screened, such as CALML5, are related to the prognosis of metastatic CM according to LR. Our results provide new ideas for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying CM metastasis and finding new diagnostic prognostic markers.
How prepared is Mozambique to treat COVID-19 patients? A new approach for estimating oxygen service availability, oxygen treatment capacity, and population access to oxygen-ready treatment facilities
Authors: Denhard Langan , Kaviany Parisa , Chicumbe Sérgio , Muianga Cláudio , Laisse Guitunga , Aune Kyle , Sheffel Ashley 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to assess the COVID-19 response preparedness of the Mozambican health system by 1) determining the location of oxygen-ready public health facilities, 2) estimating the oxygen treatment capacity, and 3) determining the population coverage of oxygen-ready health facilities in Mozambique.

Methods
This analysis utilizes information on the availability of oxygen sources and delivery apparatuses to determine if a health facility is ready to deliver oxygen therapy to patients in need, and estimates how many patients can be treated with continuous oxygen flow for a 7-day period based on the available oxygen equipment at health facilities. Using GIS mapping software, the study team modeled varying travel times to oxygen-ready facilities to estimate the proportion of the population with access to care.

Results
0.4% of all health facilities in Mozambique are prepared to deliver oxygen therapy to patients, for a cumulative total of 283.9 to 406.0 patients-weeks given the existing national capacity, under varying assumptions including ability to divert oxygen from a single source to multiple patients. 35% of the population in Mozambique has adequate access within one-hour driving time of an oxygen-ready health facility. This varies widely by region; 89.1% of the population of Maputo City was captured by the one-hour driving time network, as compared ot 4.4% of the population of Niassa province.

Conclusions
The Mozambican health system faces the dual challenges of under-resourced health facilities and low geographic accessibility to healthcare as it prepares to confront the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis also illustrates the disparity between provinces in preparedness to deliver oxygen therapy to patient, with Cabo Delgado and Nampula being particularly under-resourced.
The influence of corporate market power on health: exploring the structure-conduct-performance model from a public health perspective
Authors: Wood Benjamin , Williams Owain , Baker Phil , Nagarajan Vijaya , Sacks Gary 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe detrimental impact of dominant corporations active in health-harming commodity industries is well recognised. However, to date, existing analyses of the ways in which corporations influence health have paid limited attention to corporate market power. Accordingly, the public health implications of concentrated market structures, the use of anti-competitive market strategies, and the ways in which market power mediates the allocation and distribution of resources via market systems, remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this paper aimed to identify and explore key literature that could inform a comprehensive framework to examine corporate market power from a public health perspective. The ultra-processed food (UPF) industry was used to provide illustrative examples.MethodsA scoping review of a diverse range of literature, including Industrial Organization, welfare economics, global political economy and antitrust policy, was conducted to identify important concepts and metrics that could be drawn upon within the field of public health to understand and explore market power. The Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, a guiding principle of antitrust policy and the regulation of market power, was used as an organising framework.ResultsWe described each of the components of the traditional SCP model and how they have historically been used to assess market power through examining the interrelations between the structure of industries and markets, the conduct of dominant firms, and the overall ability of markets and firms to efficiently allocate and distribute the scarce resources.ConclusionWe argue that the SCP model is well-placed to broaden public health research into the ways in which corporations influence health. In addition, the development of a comprehensive framework based on the key findings of this paper could help the public health community to better engage with a set of policy and regulatory tools that have the potential to curb the concentration of corporate power for the betterment of population health.
Strengthening healthcare providers’ capacity for safe abortion and post-abortion care services in humanitarian settings: lessons learned from the clinical outreach refresher training model (S-CORT) in Uganda, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Greer Alison , Dah Talemoh , Malilo Bibiche , Kakule Bergson , Morisho Thérèse Faila , Asifiwe Douglass Kambale , Musa Happiness , Simon Japheth , Meyers Janet , Noznesky Elizabeth , Neusy Sarah , Vranovci Burim , Powell Bill 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Fragile and crisis-affected countries account for most maternal deaths worldwide, with unsafe abortion being one of its leading causes. This case study aims to describe the Clinical Outreach Refresher Training strategy for sexual and reproductive health (S-CORT) designed to update health providers’ competencies on uterine evacuation using both medications and manual vacuum aspiration. The paper also explores stakeholders’ experiences, recommendations for improvement, and lessons learned.

Methods
Using mixed methods, we evaluated three training workshops that piloted the uterine evacuation module in 2019 in humanitarian contexts of Uganda, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Results
Results from the workshops converged to suggest that the module contributed to increasing participants’ theoretical knowledge and possibly technical and counseling skills. Equally noteworthy were their confidence building and positive attitudinal changes promoting a rights-based, fearless, non-judgmental, and non-discriminatory approach toward clients. Participants valued the hands-on, humanistic, and competency-based training methodology, although most regretted the short training duration and lack of practice on real clients. Recommendations to improve the capacity development continuum of uterine evacuation included recruiting the appropriate health cadres for the training; sharing printed pre-reading materials to all participants; sustaining the availability of medication and supplies to offer services to clients after the training; and helping staff through supportive supervision visits to accelerate skills transfer from training to clinic settings.

Conclusions
When the lack of skilled human resources is a barrier to lifesaving uterine evacuation services in humanitarian settings, the S-CORT strategy could offer a rapid hands-on refresher training opportunity for service providers needing an update in knowledge and skills. Such a capacity-building approach could be useful in humanitarian and fragile settings as well as in development settings with limited resources as part of an overall effort to strengthen other building blocks of the health system.
Novel therapies emerging in oncology to target the TGF-β pathway
Authors: Kim Byung-Gyu , Malek Ehsan , Choi Sung Hee , Ignatz-Hoover James J. , Driscoll James J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe TGF-β signaling pathway governs key cellular processes under physiologic conditions and is deregulated in many pathologies, including cancer. TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that acts in a cell- and context-dependent manner as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, the TGF-β pathway enhances cell proliferation, migratory invasion, metastatic spread within the tumor microenvironment and suppresses immunosurveillance. Collectively, the pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance, tumor escape and undermines clinical response to therapy. Based upon a wealth of preclinical studies, the TGF-β pathway has been pharmacologically targeted using small molecule inhibitors, TGF-β-directed chimeric monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, antisense oligonucleotides and vaccines that have been now evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we have assessed the safety and efficacy of TGF-β pathway antagonists from multiple drug classes that have been evaluated in completed and ongoing trials. We highlight Vactosertib, a highly potent small molecule TGF-β type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor that is well-tolerated with an acceptable safety profile that has shown efficacy against multiple types of cancer. The TGF-β ligand traps Bintrafusp alfa (a bifunctional conjugate that binds TGF-β and PD-L1), AVID200 (a computationally designed trap of TGF-β receptor ectodomains fused to an Fc domain) and Luspatercept (a recombinant fusion that links the activin receptor IIb to IgG) offer new ways to fight difficult-to-treat cancers. While TGF-β pathway antagonists are rapidly emerging as highly promising, safe and effective anticancer agents, significant challenges remain. Minimizing the unintentional inhibition of tumor-suppressing activity and inflammatory effects with the desired restraint on tumor-promoting activities has impeded the clinical development of TGF-β pathway antagonists. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of the TGF-β pathway should lead to more effective TGF-β antagonists and uncover biomarkers that better stratify patient selection, improve patient responses and further the clinical development of TGF-β antagonists.
Effect of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema on patients with connective tissue diseases and systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Koo Bon San , Park Kyu Yong , Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Hyun Jung , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Yim Shin-Young , Jun Jae-Bum 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to analyze the literature systematically to determine the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) compared to those of patients with CTD-interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) without emphysema.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed for relevant articles published before July 2019. Studies meeting all the following criteria were included: (1) original research studies evaluating the effect of CPFE on CTD, (2) studies that compared patients with CTD-CPFE to those with CTD-ILD without emphysema, and (3) studies providing data on physical capacity, pulmonary function, or death in patients with CTD. Clinical characteristics of patients with CTD-CPFE were compared with those of patients with CTD-ILD without emphysema, and the influence of CPFE on physical capacity, pulmonary function, and death was analyzed.

Results
Six studies between 2013 and 2019 were included. Two hundred ninety-nine (29.5%) and 715 (70.5%) patients had CTD-CPFE and CTD-ILD without emphysema, respectively. Regarding the type of CTD, 711 (68.3%) patients had systemic sclerosis, 263 (25.3%) rheumatoid arthritis, and 67 (6.4%) other CTDs. Patients with CTD-CPFE had a higher frequency of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis > 20% of the total lung volume, higher ratio of the forced vital capacity to the diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), lower arterial oxygen pressure at rest, and lower DLCO compared to those in patients with CTD-ILD without emphysema. In addition, more deaths occurred among those with CTD-CPFE (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–4.96).

Conclusion
CTD-CPFE is associated with worse physical and pulmonary function and more deaths compared to those in CTD-ILD without emphysema. These findings indicate the need for increased awareness and close monitoring of patients with CTD-CPFE.
Posterior fossa extra-axial variations of medulloblastoma: a pictorial review as a primer for radiologists
Authors: Al-Sharydah Abdulaziz M. , Al-Abdulwahhab Abdulrahman Hamad , Al-Suhibani Sari Saleh , Al-Issawi Wisam M. , Al-Zahrani Faisal , Katbi Faisal Ahmad , Al-Thuneyyan Moath Abdullah , Jallul Tarek , Mishaal Alabbas Faisal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractManifestations of an atypical variant of medulloblastoma of the posterior fossa in extra-axial locations have been reported, and key questions concerning its interpretation have been raised previously. This review illustrated the clinico-radiological and histopathological features of the posterior fossa extra-axial medulloblastoma and described possible management strategies. We thoroughly reviewed all atypical anatomical locations of medulloblastoma reported within the posterior fossa and extra-axial spaces. The main characteristics of diagnostic imaging and histopathological results, primarily the distinctive radiopathological characteristics, were summarized to distinguish between intra- and extra-axial medulloblastoma, or pathologies mimicking this tumor. Most cases of posterior fossa extra-axial medulloblastoma have been reported in the cerebellopontine angle, followed by the tentorial and lateral cerebellar locations. The dural tail sign, which is commonly observed in meningioma, is rarely seen in intra- or extra-axial medulloblastoma and might be associated with other benign or malignant lesions. In addition to magnetic resonance imaging, the proposed new imaging techniques, including advances in modern neuroimaging modalities, were discussed, as potentially efficient modalities for characterizing extra-axial medulloblastoma. Radionuclide imaging and magnetic resonance perfusion imaging are practical alternatives to limit the number of differential diagnoses. We believe that medulloblastoma cases are likely under-reported because of publication bias and frequent tumors in unusual locations. Addressing these issues would help establish a more accurate understanding of this entity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Practical application of wireless communication network multimedia courseware in college basketball teaching
Authors: Chen Wengang , Wang Fang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the acceleration of informatization and the coverage of wireless networks, homes, conferences, schools and other places have a higher pursuit of the wireless transmission capabilities of electronic devices. Wireless screen transmission technology is used more frequently in life, work and study. This article mainly discusses the practical application of network multimedia courseware in college basketball teaching. This article first elaborates the teaching plan of multimedia courseware, including teaching content, teacher guidance, student learning and multimedia courseware. Secondly, the multimedia courseware of basketball tactics basic teaching is completed by using Flash mx2004 plug-in. After that, it specifically introduces the process of how to transmit basketball teaching content through multimedia equipment to the video network for students to learn under the wireless network environment. It emphasizes that the “wireless multimedia communication” course is an important course in the electronic information subject. Finally, through the teaching experiment, the accuracy of the multimedia teaching method was tested, and the validity of the courseware content was tested by the empirical validity evaluation method. At the same time, after the teaching experiment, in order to test the two groups of students’ mastery of the basic coordination theory of basketball tactics, the basic coordination theory of basketball tactics was tested. The experimental group had 22 students with a score of 90 or more, accounting for 27.5%, and the control group had 13 students with a score of 90 or more, accounting for 16.5%. The results show that wireless network multimedia computer-assisted teaching has a positive effect on improving students’ interest in learning.
On weighted means and their inequalities
Authors: Raïssouli Mustapha , Furuichi Shigeru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn (Pal et al. in Linear Multilinear Algebra 64(12):2463–2473, 2016), Pal et al. introduced some weighted means and gave some related inequalities by using an approach for operator monotone functions. This paper discusses the construction of these weighted means in a simple and nice setting that immediately leads to the inequalities established there. The related operator version is here immediately deduced as well. According to our constructions of the means, we study all cases of the weighted means from three weighted arithmetic/geometric/harmonic means by the use of the concept such as stable and stabilizable means. Finally, the power symmetric means are studied and new weighted power means are given.
Executing cyclic scientific workflows in the cloud
Authors: Krämer Michel , Würz Hendrik M. , Altenhofen Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present an algorithm and a software architecture for a cloud-based system that executes cyclic scientific workflows whose structure may change during run time. Existing approaches either rely on workflow definitions based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or require workarounds to implement cyclic structures. In contrast, our system supports cycles natively, avoids workarounds, and as such reduces the complexity of workflow modelling and maintenance. Our algorithm traverses workflow graphs and transforms them iteratively into linear sequences of executable actions. We call these sequences process chains. Our software architecture distributes the process chains to multiple compute nodes in the cloud and oversees their execution. We evaluate our approach by applying it to two practical use cases from the domains of astronomy and engineering. We also compare it with two existing workflow management systems. The evaluation demonstrates that our algorithm is able to execute dynamically changing workflows with cycles and that design and maintenance of complex workflows is easier than with existing solutions. It also shows that our software architecture can run process chains on multiple compute nodes in parallel to significantly speed up the workflow execution. An implementation of our algorithm and the software architecture is available with the Steep Workflow Management System that we released under an open-source license. The resources for the first practical use case are also available as open source for reproduction.
Health anxiety, perceived stress, and coping styles in the shadow of the COVID-19
Authors: Garbóczy Szabolcs , Szemán-Nagy Anita , Ahmad Mohamed S. , Harsányi Szilvia , Ocsenás Dorottya , Rekenyi Viktor , Al-Tammemi Ala’a B. , Kolozsvári László Róbert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In the case of people who carry an increased number of anxiety traits and maladaptive coping strategies, psychosocial stressors may further increase the level of perceived stress they experience. In our research study, we aimed to examine the levels of perceived stress and health anxiety as well as coping styles among university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based survey at the University of Debrecen during the official lockdown in Hungary when dormitories were closed, and teaching was conducted remotely. Our questionnaire solicited data using three assessment tools, namely, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI).

Results
A total of 1320 students have participated in our study and 31 non-eligible responses were excluded. Among the remaining 1289 participants, 948 (73.5%) and 341 (26.5%) were Hungarian and international students, respectively. Female students predominated the overall sample with 920 participants (71.4%). In general, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between perceived stress and health anxiety. Health anxiety and perceived stress levels were significantly higher among international students compared to domestic ones. Regarding coping, wishful thinking was associated with higher levels of stress and anxiety among international students, while being a goal-oriented person acted the opposite way. Among the domestic students, cognitive restructuring as a coping strategy was associated with lower levels of stress and anxiety. Concerning health anxiety, female students (domestic and international) had significantly higher levels of health anxiety compared to males. Moreover, female students had significantly higher levels of perceived stress compared to males in the international group, however, there was no significant difference in perceived stress between males and females in the domestic group.

Conclusion
The elevated perceived stress levels during major life events can be further deepened by disengagement from home (being away/abroad from country or family) and by using inadequate coping strategies. By following and adhering to the international recommendations, adopting proper coping methods, and equipping oneself with the required coping and stress management skills, the associated high levels of perceived stress and anxiety could be mitigated.