bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terms of Engagement
Authors: Giladi Rotem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1, a primer on international law in modern Jewish political thought and praxis, sketches the conceptual framework underlying the argument that Israel’s early ambivalence towards international law was rooted in pre-sovereign ideological sensibilities. The chapter considers the Jewish turn to international law as driven by the ‘Jewish Question’ in the pursuit of competing ideological visions of Jewish emancipation. It presents three models of Jewish emancipation and the terms on which each engaged international law: Assimilation, invested in the civic emancipation of Jews as individuals; Zionism, seeking national emancipation through the establishment of a territorial polity; and Diaspora Nationalism, prescribing national emancipation through the practice of Jewish autonomy in the Diaspora. The chapter proposes to consider international law as a field of contestation among these models of Jewish emancipation. In particular, the chapter traces the ambivalence towards international law inherent in Herzlian, Zionist thought and entrenched by Zionism’s political experience.
Lauterpacht in Jerusalem
Authors: Giladi Rotem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This is the first of two chapters to explore the theme voice underscoring Israel’s ambivalence towards the right of petition in the draft Human Rights Covenant: the right of individuals to present grievances before the United Nations. The chapter revisits Hersch Lauterpacht’s Jerusalem lecture, delivered on the occasion of the Hebrew University’s semi-jubilee. Lauterpacht’s ‘reproach’ of Israel’s cool attitude towards the right of petition is assessed against the backdrop of his own investment in Zionism and human rights, and in light of interwar Jewish experience with the right of petition. The chapter traces the involvement of Jacob Robinson and Nathan Feinberg, Dean of the Hebrew University Law Faculty and Lauterpacht’s host, in the Bernheim petition—and their resentment of the need of Jewish national institutions to approach the League of Nations through the confines of individual legal standing. These ideological sensibilities framed Jewish representation politics before and after Israel’s establishment.
‘The Extreme Non-Zionist, Apolitical Concept of Jewish Public Life’
Authors: Giladi Rotem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3—the second to explore the theme Voice—considers Shabtai Rosenne’s response to Hersch Lauterpacht’s reproach of Israel’s aversion to the individual right of petition. Rosenne castigated Lauterpacht for expressing an ‘extreme non-Zionist, apolitical concept of Jewish public life and the Jewish place on the international scene’ challenging, thereby, Lauterpacht’s representative capacity and ideological credentials. The right of petition and human rights writ large were, for Rosenne, assimilationist projects. Both were premised on individual, not collective, Jewish subjecthood; both were antithetical to how Zionism constructed the legal-political status of Jews and saw the Diaspora as the root cause of the modern Jewish predicament. Moreover, by investing individual Jews with the capacity to appear before international bodies, the right of petition challenged Israel’s sovereign claim to paramount Jewish voice in the world arena; Lauterpacht’s reproach thus challenged the sovereign capacity of Rosenne and Robinson to speak for Jewish interests with authority.
‘A False and Perverse Doctrine’
Authors: Giladi Rotem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores the origins of Jacob Robinson and Shabtai Rosenne’s ambivalence towards the Genocide Convention and Raphael Lemkin. At its core was their reading of the Convention as the extension of interwar protection of minority rights—in essence, as a programme of Diaspora Nationalism. The Convention was predicated on a competing model of Jewish nationalism that, following Simon Dubnow, identified the Diaspora—not Palestine—as the proper locus for Jewish national revival. It challenged Zionism’s core assumptions about the Jewish condition and the solution it prescribed to the ‘Jewish Question’. A return to minority rights, after the Holocaust, undermined Zionism’s achievement of majority status in Palestine and negated the need for a Jewish state to guarantee the protection of Jews. Both Robinson and Rosenne had previously subscribed to Dubnow’s teachings; the chapter traces their ideological transformations: from investment in to disenchantment with national autonomy, minority rights, and Dubnow’s theories.
Health Outcomes and Health Inequalities
Authors: Schneider Simone M. , Roots Ave , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains concepts and empirical variation regarding health outcomes, access to healthcare, and health inequalities. Access to healthcare is highlighted as a potential mediator or transition point linking characteristics of the broader policy context to health outcomes and their distribution across population groups. The chapter also discusses potential indicators and measurement issues considered relevant for cross-national comparative research and introduces the data sources and methodology for the figures that follow in the regional outlook and country chapters. It provides a short empirical overview of cross-national variation in health outcomes, health inequalities, and access to healthcare in Europe.
Sweden
Authors: Blomqvist Paula , Winblad Ulrika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an extended look at health politics and the tax-financed, universal health system in Sweden. It traces the historical development of the Swedish healthcare system, characterized by a shifting relationship between a powerful, interventionist state and self-governing county-level governing institutions. Starting in the late 1980s, despite broad political agreement about the need to adapt the system and make it more patient-centered, there has been debate over most health reforms, particularly over the role of markets and private actors, with legislative votes largely following the left–right political party divide. Nevertheless, reforms like the introduction of private actors, mostly publicly financed and regulated, the enhancement of patient choice, measures to reduce waiting times, and other changes in the formerly nearly all-public system have taken place without seriously undermining the health system’s fundamentally solidaristic character.
Introduction
Authors: Evangelista Stefano 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Drawing on definitions by Walter Pater and Charles Baudelaire, the introduction sees literary cosmopolitanism as a characteristic phenomenon of the turn of the century. It argues that writers looked back to important formulations of world citizenship in Kant’s Enlightenment philosophy, while also understanding cosmopolitanism as part of the material conditions of their own modernity. The introduction provides an historical overview of the complex relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism, from the seminal theories of Johann Gottfried Herder to the end of the nineteenth century. It charts how cosmopolitanism became attached to a distinctive, often gendered social identity connoted by worldliness and privilege, which often masked anxieties about migration and international mobility. It argues that literature played a key role in determining the cultural, linguistic, ethical, and affective possibilities for cosmopolitanism in the fin de siècle, and that our own approach to the literature of this period should become more international and comparative.
Practical Thought
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This is a collection of papers published between 1977 and 2017. The papers focus on moral metaphysics, on holism in the theory of reasons and ethical particularism, on the theory of motivation, and on the development of ethical intuitionism. In moral metaphysics the distinction between resultance and supervenience is taken to have significant consequences. In moral theory the general line is that there are plenty of moral reasons but no moral principles. In the theory of motivation a case is made for the idea that the reasons for which we act are matters of fact, real or supposed. In the history of intuitionism, I try to show the benefits of taking H. A. Prichard seriously.
On Moral Properties
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper is about the relation of resultance, signalled by the ‘because’ in ‘that was wrong because it was dishonest’. It distinguishes resultance from supervenience and uses that distinction to criticize R. M. Hare’s account of the logic of moral judgement in terms of his notion of universalizability. It considers the strengths and weaknesses of Ross’s novel notion of a prima facie duty and the distinction between prima facie duty and duty proper. And it argues that where one action’s rightness results from its having certain properties, it does not follow that all actions with those properties will be right, because other cases may have further properties acting as ‘defeaters’.
On Knowing One’s Reason
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about the question whether one can act for the reason that p when one does not know that p. A negative answer to this question has been promoted by Unger, Hornsby, Hyman, and others, suggesting that the picture of motivation presented in my Practical Reality is not sufficiently respectful of the important differences between acting in the light of knowledge and acting in the light of mere belief, justified or otherwise. In responding to these criticisms, this paper revisits various themes from that book, in particular the non-factivity of reasons-explanations, and certain changes to the views expressed there are accepted.
Prichard on Causing a Change
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper starts by considering an interesting argument of H. A. Prichard’s against the view that to act is to cause a change; the argument is that causing is not an activity. The argument is important because of the recent emergence of an ‘agent-causation’ view according to which actions are the causing of changes by agents. The author suggests a way of responding to Prichard’s argument, and then, profiting from one of his own conclusions, turns to consider the relation between neurophysiological changes and the causation of bodily movement by the agent. The paper makes a suggestion about the proper way to understand the relation between the neurophysiological changes, the bodily movements and the action.
Representationalism and Panpsychism
Authors: Tye Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A solution is offered to the paradox presented in Chapter 1. This solution requires us to embrace a qualified form of panpsychism for consciousness, or rather for a key element of consciousness I call “consciousness*”. Consciousness, I claim, is inherently representational and did indeed evolve. This is not true for consciousness*. Three problems are discussed for the hybrid view I develop: the problem of undirected consciousness; the problem of combination; and the problem of tiny psychological subjects. Solutions are offered for each of these problems. The final section of the chapter takes up the question of the causal efficacy of consciousness.
Policing the Borders Within
Authors: Aliverti Ana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Policing the Borders Within offers an in-depth, comprehensive exploration of the everyday working of inland border controls in Britain informed by extensive empirical material explored through the lens of wide-ranging interdisciplinary debates. In particular, this book examines afresh the relationship between policing, borders, and social order through the lens of migration policing. By charting this new landscape of everyday contemporary policing, the book’s main goal is to advance understanding of novel forms of law enforcement in a global age. These new forms of collaboration direct attention to the way in which front-line enforcement agents through their everyday work recreate the border, and not just enforce it. As the book argues, the emphasis on borders and migration controls and the growing importance of it within inland everyday policing is a symptom of the new demands and challenges facing the state in exercising authority in a fast-moving, interconnected world, and its attempt to offer a semblance of order. Such challenges result in practice in the random, capricious, informal, and arbitrary operation of power, which relies on non-rational, magic-like elements to solve policing problems. Through an ethnography of the worlds of police and immigration officers, the book dissects the ethical, political, legal, and social dilemmas, tensions, and contradictions posed by the task of maintaining order in a deeply unequal globalized world. The new impetus to police migration is an insightful entry point to understanding law enforcement in a global age.
Immigration Political Games (and Their Bruises)
Authors: Aliverti Ana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter places the work of immigration officers within the broader politics of immigration in the UK. Front-line staff operate in a charged and polarizing environment, and are required to traverse this complex political arena in their daily shifts. Their work is laid open to politics in their daily work like no other area of government. Against the background of the Brexit vote, the chapter traces the growing salience of immigration in contemporary politics and the damaging effects of its electoral games in post-colonial Britain. Although such games have paid electoral dividends in the short term, they have also destroyed livelihoods. As if these games came full circle with the Windrush scandal, they had toxic institutional reverberations. The ambivalent and almost neurotic politics of immigration and its control which stirs imperial melancholia and profits from racialized public fears and anxieties, while shielding border work from view, brutalizes and demoralizes officers and tarnishes the department’s fragile legitimacy. It renders their everyday work hostage to the vagaries of politics and exposes them to the consequences of bad choices. As the chapter shows, immigration officers work to fulfil a fantasy, that of complete and perfect security, and bear the brunt of its disenchantments.
Writing at the Origin of Capitalism
Authors: Werlin Julianne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the late sixteenth through seventeenth centuries, England simultaneously developed a national market and a national literary culture. In Writing at the Origin of Capitalism, Julianne Werlin describes how economic change in early modern England created new patterns of textual production and circulation with lasting consequences for English literature. Synthesizing research in book and media history, including investigations of manuscript and print, with Marxist historical theory, Werlin demonstrates that England’s transition to capitalism had a decisive impact on techniques of writing, rates of literacy, and modes of reception—and so on the form and style of texts. Individual chapters discuss the impact of market integration on linguistic standardization and the rise of a uniform English prose; the growth of a popular literary market alongside a national market in cheap commodities; and the decline of literary patronage with the monarchy’s loosening grip on trade regulation, among other subjects. Peddlers’ routes and price integration, monopoly licenses and bills of exchange, all prove vital for understanding early modern English writing. Each chapter reveals how books and documents were embedded in wider economic processes and, as a result, how the origin of capitalism constituted a revolutionary event in the history of English literature.
English Literature Abroad
Authors: Werlin Julianne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Beginning in the seventeenth century, English literary authors began to be printed and read in translation in European vernaculars. This chapter traces the relationship between capitalist England’s emergence as an international commercial and colonial power and the circulation of English literature on the Continent. Taking the career of John Milton as a case study, it argues that the English Revolution marked a turning point in England’s political and economic influence, and as a direct result, in the reception of its literature. By the end of the seventeenth century, England’s capitalist development enabled vernacular writers such as Milton, Shakespeare, and Bacon to enter the European literary canon.
Environmental factors affecting chytrid (Chytridiomycota) infection rates on Planktothrix agardhii
Authors: McKindles Katelyn M , Manes Makayla A , McKay R Michael , Davis Timothy W , Bullerjahn George S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Planktothrix agardhii dominates the cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom biomass in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie (USA) from May until September. This filamentous cyanobacterium known parasites including the chytrid fungal species Rhizophydium sp. C02, which was previously isolated from this region. The purpose of our work has been to establish how parasitic interactions affect Planktothrix population dynamics during a bloom event. Samples analyzed from the 2015 to 2019 bloom seasons using quantitative PCR investigate the spatial and temporal prevalence of chytrid infections. Abiotic factors examined in lab include manipulating temperature (17–31°C), conductivity (0.226–1.225 mS/cm) and turbulence. Planktothrix-specific chytrids are present throughout the bloom period and are occasionally at high enough densities to exert parasitic pressure on their hosts. Temperatures above 27.1°C in lab can inhibit chytrid infection, indicating the presence of a possible upper thermal refuge for the host. Data suggest that chytrids can survive conductivity spikes in lab at levels three-fold above Sandusky Bay waters if given sufficient time (7–12 days), whereas increased turbulence in lab severely inhibits chytrid infections, perhaps due to disruption of chemical signaling. Overall, these data provide insights into the environmental conditions that inhibit chytrid infections during Planktothrix-dominated blooms in temperate waters.
Induced senescence of healthy nucleus pulposus cells is mediated by paracrine signaling from TNF‐α–activated cells
Authors: Ashraf Sajjad , Santerre Paul , Kandel Rita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is an irreversible process associated with accumulation of senescent nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. This study investigates the hypothesis that Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)–treated senescent NP cells propagate senescence of neighboring healthy cells via a paracrine effect that involves p‐Stat3 signaling and the cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). NP cells isolated from bovine caudal intervertebral disc (IVD) were treated with TNF‐α to induce senescence which was confirmed by demonstrating upregulation of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase and p16. This was correlated with downregulation of NP‐associated markers, Aggrecan, Col2A1, and Sox9. Direct contact and non‐contact co‐culture of healthy and senescent cells showed that TNF‐α–treated cells increased the senescence in healthy cells via a paracrine effect. The senescent cells have a secretory phenotype as indicated by increased gene and protein levels of IL‐6. Phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (pStat3) levels were also high in treated cells and appeared to upregulate IL‐6 as inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation by StatticV downregulated IL‐6 mRNA expression in cells and protein levels in the culture media. All trans retinoic acid, an IL‐6 inhibitor, also decreased the secretion of IL‐6 and reduced the paracrine effect of senescent cells on healthy cells. Decreased pStat3 levels and inhibition of IL‐6 secretion did not fully restore NP gene expression of Col2A1 but importantly, appeared to cause senescent cells to undergo apoptosis and cell death. This study demonstrated the paracrine effect of senescent NP cells which involves Stat3 and IL‐6 and may explain why senescent NP cells accumulate in IVD with age. The role of pSTAT3 and IL‐6 in mediating NP senescence requires further study as it may be a novel strategy for modulating the senescent‐inducing effects of TNF‐α.
Translocation of LSR from tricellular corners causes macropinocytosis at cell–cell interface as a trigger for breaking out of contact inhibition
Authors: Kohno Takayuki , Konno Takumi , Kikuchi Shin , Kondoh Masuo , Kojima Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithdrawal from contact inhibition is necessary for epithelial cancer precursor cells to initiate cell growth and motility. Nevertheless, little is understood about the mechanism for the sudden initiation of cell growth under static conditions. We focused on cellular junctions as one region where breaking out of contact inhibition occurs. In well‐differentiated endometrial cancer cells, Sawano, the ligand administration for tricellular tight junction protein LSR, which transiently decreased the robust junction property, caused an abrupt increase in cell motility and consequent excessive multilayered cell growth despite being under contact inhibition conditions. We observed that macropinocytosis essentially and temporarily occurred as an antecedent event for the above process at intercellular junctions without disruption of the junction apparatus but not at the apical plasma membrane. Collectively, we concluded that the formation of macropinocytosis, which is derived from tight junction‐mediated signaling, was triggered for the initiation of cell growth in static precancerous epithelium.
CE: Reimagining Injurious Falls and Safe Mobility
Authors: Hendrich Ann L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT:
Injurious falls remain among the most common, dangerous, and costly adverse events in hospitals, despite the widespread implementation of fall prevention programs. Many current health care system policies and nursing practices oversimplify fall prevention by focusing on limiting the person's mobility and making the environment safer, or simply documenting a fall risk score. But most falls are caused by factors intrinsic to that individual; merely limiting their mobility can increase preventable hospital complications and readmissions, and still leaves them at risk for falls. This article proposes a new approach to reducing injurious falls in older adults—one grounded in evidence-based protocols known to positively impact the health of older adults. The approach, called by the acronym ERA—Electronic health record integration, Risk factors that matter, Assessment and care plans—allows nurses to use a validated fall risk assessment tool to reframe fall risk factors as part of the comprehensive care plan, and to map modifiable risk factors to interventions that address the underlying causes of falls and promote safer mobility. The ERA approach can help nurses use their time more effectively by focusing on targeted actions that improve patient outcomes, working in coordination with an interprofessional, cross-continuum care team.