bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF ASIATIC ACID DERIVATIVES COMPLEX WITH INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ENZYME AS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Authors: MUSFIROH IDA , KHATAMI HANIFAHZIN , MEGANTARA SANDRA , MUCHTARIDI MUCHTARIDI 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the stability interaction of asiatic acid derivatives (AA) complex with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme as an anti-inflammatory using Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation.
Methods: The methods were consisting of validation of molecular docking, molecular docking to calculate binding affinity within the complex between the compounds and iNOS enzyme by using MMGBSA (Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area), and MD system preparation, MD production as well as MD analysis using AMBER18.
Results: The result of validation and molecular docking were AA5 has the most negative Gibbs energy that is -9.17 kcal/mol, which has better binding affinity than other derivatives than other derivatives. The molecular dynamics simulation of the modified structure of asiatic acid showed that binding energy value and RMSD of AA5, AA6 and AA9 have a lower value compared to arginine as a substrate of iNOS enzyme. Molecular Dynamics that have been occurred to the best three compounds chosen shown good result in terms of stability after 100 ns length simulation. And the lowest binding affinity has been achieved by a compound called AA5. Out of all ligands that have been simulated shown that their binding affinity was lower than AA5 that reached-44.6753 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: This studies conclude that AA5 considerably more potential as a selective inhibitor of iNOS enzyme as an anti-inflammatory.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: THE ENHANCEMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATION ACTIVITY OF NON STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG (NSAID) BY SOLID DISPERSION MODIFICATIONS
Authors: RAMADHANI DHEA A. , YUGATAMA ADI , ERMAWATI DIAN E. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: NSAIDs are very hydrophobic drugs and have low solubility. This causes the bioavailability of NSAIDs to be low in the body thus affect its anti-inflammatory activity. There has been some primary research proven that solid dispersion can increase the solubility and anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs. Moreover, there are not researches explaining the effect of a solid dispersion system on the anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a review to assess the effect of the solid dispersion system on the solubility and anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs systematically.
Methods: This was systematic review research, where the data were originated from PubMed and Science Direct with the keywords ‘NSAID’, ‘solid dispersion’, and ‘drug effect’. The inclusion criteria formulated were English-language papers, published in 2010–2020, and primary research that conducted in vivo anti-inflammatory testing. The appropriate papers by the inclusion criteria were assessed its quality by the SYRCLE’s tool. Data was analyzed narratively.
Results: The results were eight papers under the inclusion criteria. As a whole is known modification of solid dispersion can increase the dissolution profile of NSAIDs. This is because the polymer used can increase the wetting of drug particles, thereby being able to increase the solubility of NSAIDs.
Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs by solid dispersion systems are increases compared to NSAIDs without solid dispersions.
IMPROVING SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF A NATURAL PRODUCT APIGENIN VIA PREPARATION OF SOLID DISPERSION BY HOT MELT EXTRUSION
Authors: STIANI SOFI N. , RUSDIANA TAOFIK , SUBARNAS ANAS 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) is one of the techniques for preparing a solid dispersion hydrophilic excipient known as a no solvents practical method to increase the solubility of drugs. Apigenin (APG) has properties that thermal stable with melting point 345-350 °C but very low solubility in the water around 1,35 µg/ml. The polymer is stable in the HME method are Soluplus and Kollidon VA 64. The study aims to optimize the kind of polymer in HME formulae to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of apigenin by solid dispersion using hot-melt extrusion.
Methods: Apigenin 10–50% w/w and Kollidon®VA 64 or Soluplus® and combination of Kollidon®VA 64 and Soluplus® were mixed, and the resulting blends extruded using a twin-screw extruder (Teach-Line ZK25T). Characterization of apigenin extrudates conducted using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, and dissolution.
Results: Solubility studies presented enhancement in apigenin of 10%/Soluplus®90%; 10% w/w apigenin/Kollidon®VA 64 (90%); and 33,3% w/w apigenin/Kollidon®VA 64 33,3% mix Soluplus® 33,3% increased more than 18,25; 16,18-and 8,52-fold in water, respectively. Furthermore dissolution studies showed enhancement in apigenin percent release of 10%/Soluplus®90%; 10% w/w apigenin/Kollidon®VA 64 90%; and 33,3% w/w apigenin/Kollidon®VA 64 33,3% mix Soluplus® 33,3% tablet apigenin HME up to 34,29%; 69,75% and 30,69%, respectively.
Conclusion: The formulation of 10% w/w Apigenin and 90% Soluplus® using hot-melt extrusion able to increase water solubility approximately 18,25-fold than raw material apigenin.
OPTIMIZATION OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM ACTIVITIES IN THE BIOSINTHESIS OF LIPASE ENZYMES
Authors: PUSPADEWI RIRIN , ADIRESTUTI PUTRANTI , DEWI MIRA A. , MUKARROMAH INNANI , RAHMADINNI YUNIAR 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Lipase was protein compounds that can be used for many human activities. Its main function was to degrade fat including 'wrapping' cholesterol which make easily flowed in the blood. The presence lipase was important because can help the digestive healthy. These enzyme can catalyze a variety of reactions including hydrolysis, alcoholysis, esterification and aminolysis. Lipase was utilized in various sectors, such as fat, oil, milk and pharmaceutical industries. This enzyme biosynthesis can be carried out by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus niger.
Methods: The process through fermentation techniques in lipid containing substrates under optimal conditions required by microorganisms. The fermentation products produced were tested for the presence of lipase enzymes qualitatively and quantitatively. The biosynthesis process can be influence by changes in pH, temperature and the presence of glucose. This study aimed to determine the ability of L. plantarum to produce lipases with vegetables oil substrates. The research used L. plantarum carried out at 37 °C for 24-48 h and pH 6-8 in the vegetable oil substrates.
Results: The fermentation products showed hydrolysis reaction to the test media containing oil lipid with lipase levels of 2.708-3.3000 U/ml
Conclusion: The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum can synthesize the lipase enzyme in palm oil and corn oil as substrates.
DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUISOLID FORMULATION FOR IMPROVED SUSTAINED RELEASE OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: ALIYAH ALIYAH , UTOMO EMILIA , PERMANA ANDI DIAN , ERNAWATI  
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a liquisolid formulation of propranolol hydrochloride to obtain an improved sustained release profile by varying the ratio of liquid vehicles.
Methods: In this study, propranolol hydrochloride (PPH) was dispersed in the combination of propylene glycol and polysorbate 80, as the liquid vehicles, with different ratios. Eudragit® RL and Aerosil® were used as carrier and coating materials, respectively, to produce a dry and free-flowing powder. In addition, HPMC was used to amplify the retardation effect. The prepared formulations were evaluated for its physicochemical properties, including loss on drying, flow rate, angle of repose calculation, drug content analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as dissolution studies. The obtained dissolution profiles were subsequently fitted to the mathematical model in order to determine the drug kinetics.
Results: The results show that all formulations performed dry and free-flowing granules containing PPH in the range of 7-9%. Furthermore, all the prepared formulations were able to sustain the drug release for a total of 8 h in two different dissolution media, namely simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. F4 containing propylene glycol and polysorbate 80 (1:2) possessed the lowest drug release rate. It was also obtained that F1 and F3 followed first-order kinetics while F2, F4, and F5 complied with the Higuchi model.
Conclusion: Overall, there was no difference in all the dissolution profiles based on the calculation of the difference and similarities factor.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RAMELTEON TABLETS FOR COLON DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM BY COMPRESSION COATING
Authors: M. TRINADHA RAO , Y. PARIMALA , M. YAMINI , CVS PHANINDRA , Y. SRINIVASA RAO 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Ramelteon, is a sleep agent that selectively binds to the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), instead of binding to GABAA receptors. In the present research work, the formulation of ramelteon targeted to colon by using various polymers developed.
Methods: Colon-targeted tablets were prepared in two steps. Initially, core tablets were prepared and then the tablets were coated by using different pH dependent polymers. Ethylcellulose, Eudragit RLPO and L100 were used as enteric coating polymers. The precompression blend of all formulations was subjected to various flow property tests and all the formulations were passed the tests. The tablets were coated by using polymers and the coated tablets were subjected to physical characterization, drug content, in vitro drug release and kinetics of drug release.
Results: Among all the formulations, F4 formulation was found to be optimized as it was retarded the drug release up to 18 h and showed maximum of 99.25% drug release. It followed the first-order kinetics mechanism. All the formulations having Korsmeyer-Peppas ‘n’ values are in the range of 0.540 to 0.818. Hence, it was concluded that the prepared formulations followed non-Fickian diffusion.
Conclusion: An effective and stable remelteon colon targeted formulation developed for treating insomnia.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MANNOSYLATED NARINGENIN LOADED TRANSFERSOMES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR SKIN CARCINOMA
Authors: VERMA NIKITA , SARAF SWARNLATA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The flavonoidal drug Naringenin offers a natural defense against free radical generation due to their antioxidant i.e. free radical scavenging property. The continuation of research work towards the invention of targeting the flavonoidal drug for skin carcinoma. Naringenin is a potent antioxidant, having remarkable reactive oxygen species scavenging potential and abundantly found in citrus fruits.
Methods: The optimization of the formulated mannosylated naringenin-loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence vesicular size, size distribution and surface charge. Therefore keeping both the concepts in mind our objective is to design and optimize the mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) for macropahge targeting. The Box Behnken with 3D surface response design graph was employed to optimize the formulation.
Results: Phospholipids and surfactant ratio played a remarkable role to determine the mean vesicular size and the Zeta potential of the vesicles. The Zeta potential is found in the formulation having a range of-18.01±1.05 to-28.7±1.008 mV represents the good stability of the formulation. The vesicles size range was found in the range of 102.4±1.01 to 263.74±0.63 and range of Entrapment efficiency of nanovesicles was as 72.04±1.53 to 82.04±0.81. In vitro drug release study shows that mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs), and marketed formulation dispersion was found 69.31 %, 62.03 %, 58.71 %, and 65.02 % respectively. Ex vivo skin permeation and deposition study shows that the marketed product and pure drug suspension optimized transfersomes through the skin of mice was of flux 6.5±3.07 and the percentage of drug retention was 0.76±1.26. The results gave us strong evidence of cellular uptake bymannose–directed transfersomes via mannose receptor-based endocytosis.
Conclusion: On the basis of findings, the study revealed that the prepared formulation has characteristic potential for targeting and the concept of ligand directed nanocarrier formulation was imparts synergistic effect against UV-induced skin carcinoma.
FORMULATION OF GEL FROM GYNURA SEGETUM EXTRACT AND ITS ACTIVITY ON BURN WOUND HEALING
Authors: BUDIMAN ARIF , MUHARAM  , MAULIDA ANIDA CRISTI , AULIFA DIAH LIA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aims of this study were to formulate gel from Gynura segetum (GS) extract and evaluate its burn-healing activity.
Methods: GS extract was formulated using carbomer and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer with various concentrations. Furthermore, the gel of GS extract was evaluated, including organoleptic, pH and viscosity. A burn-healing evaluation was conducted by making a wound with a hot plate on male Wistar rats, and 600 mg of the gel was applied. Subsequently, the presence of erythema and width contraction of the burns were observed for 15 d.
Results: The result showed that the formulation containing 1 % of carbomer and 1.2 % of GS extract has the best physical stability. The gel also increased the rate of the healing process with decreased burn wound contraction (5.67 mm after 15 d) and the erythema than the control (8.50 mm after 15 d). The significance value was less than 0.05, indicating that the rate of the healing process was significantly different between the GS extract gel and the control.
Conclusion: This finding demonstrated that the gel of GS extract can significantly improve the burns wound healing process and may also be safely used for topical preparation.
<b>Dos nuevos registros de</b> <i>Vampyrum spectrum</i> <b> in Honduras</b>
Authors: Mejía-Quintanilla David Josué , Suazo-Euceda Juan Pablo , Flores Arturo , Gabriel Jackson Morgan , Marineros Leonel 
Published: March 2021

RESUMENDe las 113 especies de murciélagos que están registradas en Honduras, Vampyrum spectrum es una de las especies con menos registros publicados. A nivel global se considera dentro de la categoría Casi Amenazada, mientras que en Honduras esta clasificada como una especie de Preocupación Especial. Esta nota tiene como objetivo presentar dos nuevos registros de Vampyrum spectrum en Honduras. El primero fue realizado en la zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Sierra de Agalta en el municipio de Catacamas, Olancho. El segundo corresponde a un individuo muerto en la comunidad de Brus Laguna en el departamento de Gracias a Dios. Aún se necesita más información acerca de esta especie, pero de acuerdo con sus registros históricos y actuales, requiere sitios con estados de conservación moderados a buenos y con una conectividad arbórea alta para poder sobrevivir. Es necesario trabajar en programas de educación biológica para disminuir las amenazas a las poblaciones causadas por el desconocimiento y la desinformación que hay sobre esta y otras especies.Palabras clave: distribución, falso vampiro, miskitos, murciélagos. ABSTRACTOf the 113 species of bats registered in Honduras, Vampyrum spectrum is one of the species with few published records. It is considered within the Near Threatened Category, while In Honduras it is classify as a species of Special Concern. This note aims to present two new records of this species in Honduras. The first was carried out in the Sierra de Agalta National Park buffer zone in the municipality of Catacamas, Olancho. The second corresponds to an individual who died in the Brus Laguna community in Gracias a Dios department. More information about this species is still needed. According to its historical and current records, it requires sites with moderate to good conservation status and high tree connectivity to survive. It is necessary to work on biological education programs to reduce threats to populations caused by ignorance and misinformation about this and other species.Key words: bats, distribution, False Vampire, Miskitos.
<b>Nuevos registros de mamíferos en el Centro de Oaxaca</b>
Authors: Martínez-Coronel Matías , Hortelano-Moncada Yolanda 
Published: March 2021

RESUMENEn esta nota documentamos la presencia de Chiroderma scopaeum y Molossus molossus en los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca por ejemplares capturados en redes. Con estos registros incrementa el número de especies de murciélagos distribuidos en esta región a 35. Asimismo, presentamos registros fotográficos de Otospermophilus variegatus en dos nuevas localidades de Oaxaca, una ubicada en las Montañas y Valles del Occidente y la otra en los Valles Centrales, que confirman la expansión de la especie hacia el sur de México.Palabras clave: Chiroderma scopaeum, Molossus molossus, Montañas y Valles del Occidente de Oaxaca, Otospermophilus variegatus, Valles Centrales de Oaxaca. ABSTRACTWith specimens captured in mist nets, we documented the presence of Chiroderma scopaeum and Molossus molossus in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, these records increase to 35 the species of bats with distribution in this region. Likewise, we present photographic records of Otospermophilus variegatus from two new localities in Oaxaca, one located in the Western Mountains and Valleys and the other in the Central Valleys, which confirm the expansion of the species to southern Mexico.Key words: Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Chiroderma scopaeum, Molossus molossus, Otospermophilus variegatus, Western Mountains and Valleys of Oaxaca.
Reliability analysis of planar steel trusses based on p-box models
Authors: Soloveva Anastasia A. , Solovev Sergey A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The development of probabilistic approaches to the assessment of mechanical safety of bearing structural elements is one of the most relevant areas of research in the construction industry. In this research, probabilistic methods are developed to perform the reliability analysis of steel truss elements using the p-box (probability box) approach. This approach ensures a more conservative (interval-based) reliability assessment made within the framework of attaining practical objectives of the reliability analysis of planar trusses and their elements. The truss is analyzed as a provisional sequential mechanical system (in the language of the theory of reliability) consisting of elements that represent reliability values for each individual bar and truss node in terms of all criteria of limit states.
Materials and methods. The co-authors suggest using p-blocks consisting of two boundary distribution functions designated for modeling random variables in the mathematical models of limit states performed within the framework of the truss reliability analysis instead of independent true functions of the probability distribution of random variables. Boundary distribution functions produce a probability distribution domain in which a true distribution function of a random variable is located. However this function is unknown in advance due to the aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. The choice of a p-block for modeling a random variable will depend on the type and amount of statistical information about the random variable.
Results. The probabilistic snow load model and the numerical simulation of tests of steel samples of truss rods are employed to show that p-box models are optimal for modeling random variables to solve numerous practical problems of the probabilistic assessment of reliability of structural elements. The proposed p-box snow load model is based on the Gumbel distribution. The mathematical model used to perform the reliability analysis of planar steel truss elements is proposed. The co-authors provide calculation formulas to assess the reliability of a truss element for different types of p-blocks used to describe random variables depending on the amount of statistical data available.
Conclusions. The application of statistically unsubstantiated hypotheses for choosing the probability distribution law or assessing the parameters of the probability distribution of a random variable leads to erroneous assessments of the reliability of structural elements, including trusses. P-boxes ensure a more careful reliability assessment of a structural element, but at the same time this assessment is less informative, as it is presented in the form of an interval. A more accurate reliability interval requires interval-based assessments of distribution parameters or types of p-boxes applied to mathematical models of the limit state, which entails an increase in the economic and labor costs of the statistical data.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN WARUNG MAK BENG CABANG UBUD
Authors: Rofianti Meira , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Manuati 
Published: March 2021

Performance is the result of quality and quantity of work achieved by an employee in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given. This study aims to analyze the effect of communication, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance. The research conducted at Warung Mak Beng, Ubud.. The number of respondents in the study are 40 people using saturated sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression. The results shows that communication, work discipline, and compensation have positive and significant effect on the performance of Warung Mak Beng employees. Efforts to improve employee performance at the company can be improved by establishing good communication between employees, obeying company-determined regulations, and fair compensation in accordance with workload.
Keywords: communication, work discipline, compensation, employee performance
INDICADORES DE SAÚDE EM USUÁRIOS DE UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE DA CIDADE DE SANTARÉM, PARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Sales Narryman Jordana Ferrão , Morais Cristiano Gonçalves , Blandes Antonia Irisley da Silva , Takanashi Silvania Yukiko Lins , Simplício Irinéia de Oliveira Bacelar , Saatkamp Cassiano Júnior , Gouvêa-e-Silva Luiz Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Usuários do sistema de saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis devem estar em acompanhamento constante para evitar complicações em seu estado de saúde. Objetivo: Associar a presença da diabetes (DM) e da hipertensão (HAS) com os indicadores laboratoriais de saúde de usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde. Métodos: A amostra foi de 231 usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Santarém-PA, maiores de idade, que foram agrupados em pacientes com DM/HAS (DM/HAS; n=144), e com ausência destas doenças (AUS; n=87). As coletas envolveram informações socioeconômicas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se p<0.05. Resultados: Tanto no DM/HAS como no AUS predominou o sexo feminino, estado civil casado, com vínculo empregatício, cor de pele parda, com 4-7 anos de estudo, renda de 1-2 salários, não tabagistas, não etilista e faixa etária de 38-77 anos. A HAS foi a doença mais presente de forma geral, bem como por sexo. Identificou-se no DM/HAS valores menores para a taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e maiores valores para a glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-c e não HDL-c. Conclusão: De acordo com a proposta desenvolvida, destaca-se que os usuários com DM/HAS apresentam associação positiva para valores alterados de glicemia, colesterol total, não HDL-c, triglicerídeos, TFG e para a presença da síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular moderado/alto.