bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-CD20 Treatment Effectively Attenuates Cortical Pathology in a Rat Model of Widespread Cortical Demyelination
Authors: Haindl Michaela T , Üçal Muammer , Klaus Benjamin , Tögl Lennart , Dohrmann Jana , Adzemovic Milena Z , Enzinger Christian , Hochmeister Sonja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCortical demyelination represents a prominent feature of the multiple sclerosis (MS) brain, especially in (late) progressive stages. We recently developed a new rat model that reassembles critical features of cortical pathology characteristic to progressive types of MS. In persons affected by MS, B-cell depleting anti-CD20 therapy proved successful in the relapsing remitting as well as the early progressive course of MS, with respect to reducing the relapse rate and number of newly formed lesions. However, if the development of cortical pathology can be prevented or at least slowed down is still not clear. The main goal of this study was thus to increase our understanding for the mode of action (MOD) of B-cells and B-cell directed therapy on cortical lesions in our rat model. MethodsFor this purpose, we set up two separate experiments, with two different induction modes of B-cell depletion. Brain tissues were analyzed thoroughly using histology. ResultsWe observed a marked reduction of cortical demyelination, microglial activation, astrocytic reaction and apoptotic cell loss in anti-CD20 antibody treated groups. At the same time, we noted increased neuronal preservation compared to control groups, indicating a favorable impact of anti-CD20 therapy. ConclusionThese findings might pave the way for further research on the MOD of B-cells and therefore help to improve therapeutic options for progressive MS.
About the Inverse Theory and the Non-Unicity of the Film Thickness: Novel Approach Generating Equivalent Micro-Grooves and Roughness
Authors: ELGADARI Mhammed , Mohamed HAJJAM 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since the 1960s, all studies have assumed that a film thickness “h” provides a unique pressure field “p” by resolving the Reynolds equation. However, it is relevant to investigate the film thickness unicity under a given hydrodynamic pressure within the inverse theory.
This paper presents a new approach to deduce from an initial film thickness a widespread number of thicknesses providing the same hydrodynamic pressure under a specific condition of gradient pressure. For this purpose, three steps were presented: 1) computing the hydrodynamic pressure from an initial film thickness by resolving the Reynolds equation with Gümbel’s cavitation model, 2) using a new algorithm to generate a second film thickness, 3) comparing and validating the hydrodynamic pressure produced by both thicknesses with the modified Reynolds equation.
Throughout three surface finishes: the macro-shaped, micro-textured, and rough surfaces, it has been demonstrated that under a specific hydrodynamic pressure gradient, several film thicknesses could generate the same pressure field with a slight difference by considering cavitation. Besides, this paper confirms also that different ratios of the averaged film thickness by the root mean square (RMS) similar hydrodynamic pressure could be generated, thereby the deficiency of this ratio to define the lubrication regime as commonly known with Patir and Cheng theory.
Augmented TCR-mediated signaling in infant T cells enables robust responses to respiratory virus infection
Authors: Farber Donna , Thapa Puspa , Guyer Rebecca , Yang Alexander , Parks Christopher , Brusko Todd M. , Brusko Maigan , Connors Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Infants require coordinated immune responses to prevent succumbing to multiple infectious challenges, particularly in the respiratory tract. The mechanisms by which infant T cells are functionally adapted for these responses are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate using an in vivo co-transfer model that infant T cells generate greater numbers of lung-homing effector cells to influenza infection compared to adult T cells in the same host, due to augmented TCF-1 downregulation and T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling. Importantly, infant T cells show increased sensitivity to low antigen doses, originating at the interface between T cells and antigen-bearing accessory cells–through actin-mediated mobilization of signaling molecules to the immune synapse. This enhanced signaling was also observed in human infant versus adult T cells. Our findings provide a mechanism for how infants control pathogen load and dissemination, important for designing developmentally-appropriate strategies for promoting immune responses at this vulnerable life stage.
Fortitude in the Face of a Pandemic Mediation Modeling to Characterize Resilience During COVID-19
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn Emily , Stark Roland B. , Borowiec Katrina , Rapkin Bruce D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study evaluated the differential impact of stressors and psychosocial resources on quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes, and investigated whether attitudes, perspectives, and behaviors relevant to wellness protect one from the negative and positive aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study done Spring/Summer 2020 recruited patients and caregivers of people with chronic medical conditions, and a nationally representative comparison sample of United States adults. Linear regression investigated the associations between COVID-specific variables and QOL outcomes, after covariate adjustment. Structural Equation Modeling investigated whether the links between Resilience and COVID-specific variables were mediated by attitudes, perspectives, and behaviors relevant to wellness.ResultsThe sample seemed knowledgeable of and adherent to the practices endorsed by public-health experts. COVID-specific Hardship, Interpersonal Conflict, and Worry were associated with worse QOL outcomes, and Growth, Social Support, and Coping were associated with better. Wellness was the most salient predictor of Resilience, functioning both as a main effect and mediator for COVID-specific predictors. People with lower levels of Worry and/or higher levels of Social Support tended to have better-than-expected daily performance in the face of the pandemic. These two predictors acted in large part through the attitudes, perspectives, and behaviors relevant to Wellness.Conclusion﻿Our findings support the idea that cultivating Wellness by dint of one’s perspective, attitudes, and behaviors can be an important buffer to challenging times during a pandemic. Wellness seems to support resilience in its own right in addition to being a mechanism through which other factors can do so.
Stress Hyperglycemia as First Sign of Asymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: An Instructive Case and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Wei-De , Chu Chun-Hao , Tien Chiung-Hsi , Wang Shuo-Yu , Liu Shih-Yao , Lin Chien-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is considered a transient manifestation and routine diagnostic evaluation was thought to be unnecessary due to the lack of definite correlation with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although SH was usually benign and long-term treatment was superfluous, it might be the first sign of insulinopenic status such as type 1 DM (T1DM). Case presentation:We reported a boy with acute asthma attack presented incidentally with high blood glucose levels exceeding 300 mg/dL and obvious glycemic variability. Sustained hyperglycemic duration lasting longer than 48 hours was also noticed. To elucidate his unique situation, glucagon test and insulin autoantibody survey were done which showed insulinopenia with positive anti-insulin antibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody despite the absence of overt DM symptoms and signs. Conclusions:This case highlights that SH might be a prodromal presentation in T1DM children, especially when accompanied simultaneously with extreme hyperglycemia, apparent glucose variability, as well as prolonged hyperglycemic duration.
Cardiovascular Risk in Reproductive-aged Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome According to Body Mass Index: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuang Chenchen , Wang Qiongying , Wang Wenjuan , Sun Runmin , Zhang Xiaofang , Yu Jing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk and reproductive-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to body mass index (BMI) categories.Methods: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed. Blood pressure (BP) [including systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and hypertension prevalence] and plasma lipids [triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, nonHDL-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol] were calculated at different BMI levels.Results: SBP [MD (95% CI): 2.96 mmHg (1.62, 4.30), P < 0.001] and DBP [MD (95% CI): 1.64 mmHg (0.03, 3.24), P = 0.046] increased in reproductive-aged women with PCOS, however, hypertension prevalence had no difference [OR (95% CI): 1.56 (0.76, 3.06), P = 0.198]. HDL-cholesterol were [SMD (95% CI): -0.24 (-0.39, -0.09), P = 0.002] lower and triglyceride [SMD (95% CI): 0.37 (0.26, 0.48), P < 0.001] higher in reproductive PCOS women. Besides, LDL-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.25 (0.17, 0.34), P < 0.001] and nonHDL-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.38 (0.29, 0.47), P < 0.001] were higher in reproductive-aged PCOS. In the subgroup analysis, SBP and LDL-cholesterol were increased in BMI of < 25 kg/m2 and BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2, but had no difference in BMI of 25-< 30 kg/m2. Triglyceride and nonHDL-cholesterol increased in all BMI categories. However, DBP and hypertension prevalence had no difference in all BMI categories.Conclusion: High baseline BP and dyslipidemia is represented in reproductive PCOS. Besides, reproductive PCOS women are significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk independent of BMI categories.
Study on the Preparation of Nanocellulose Powder and Its Formation Mechanism
Authors: zhu Zirui , Wang Wenbo , Wang Xiaohui , Zhao Xin , Xia Nannan , Kong Fangong , Wang Shoujuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanocellulose is a kind of cellulose based nano material with fantastic properties and numerous potential applications. However, due to the fact that nanocellulose exhibits colloidal properties when its concentration is high, the drying of nanocellulose has always been an urgent problem to be solved. To address this problem, the precipitation and drying mechanism of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), one of the most common types of nanocellulose, was studied in this paper. The CNC was precipitated from the aqueous suspension by salting out to avoid the CNC colloidal state when concentrated in water. The obtained CNC precipitation with a small amount of water and the actively added electrolyte was dehydrated and purified by solvent displacement with volatile organic. Then CNC powder can be taken shape by drying the mixture of CNC and organic solvent with different drying methods. The mechanism of CNC precipitation from aqueous suspension and CNC powder formation from volatile organic solvent was studied. After comprehensive consideration, a method for preparing re-dispersible CNC powder was established, and the properties of this powder were studied, that provided a solution for the industrial preparation and application of nanocellulose.
Use of Biosolids to Enhance Tomato Growth and Tolerance to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-Lycopersici
Authors: Giannakis Ioannis , Manitsas Christos , Eleftherohorinos Ilias , Menexes Georgios , Emmanouil Christina , Kungolos Athanasios , Lagopodi Anastasia L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims: A biosolid made from municipal sludge, acting as an organic fertilizer that enhanced plant growth and crop productivity, was evaluated for its effect on tomato growth and tolerance enhancement against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl). Methods: Peat and/or two soil types were amended with mixtures of this biosolid (0, 80 and 160 tn/ha) in order to study the growth of tomato plants and their response to Forl, either under controlled conditions or outdoors in a net protected area. Results: The results showed that biosolid addition increased tolerance of tomato plants against the disease. There was also an increase of tomato fresh weight, root weight, stem height and leaf number compared to the Forl-inoculated control soils. Forl, at 5 weeks after tomato transplanting, caused higher disease index on plants grown outdoors in biosolid plus clay soil than in biosolid plus sandy soil, while the opposite occurred under laboratory conditions where higher disease index was recorded on plants grown in peat plus sandy soil than in peat plus clay soil. Conclusions: The findings strongly support the evidence that this biosolid may act as an organic fertilizer and as a possible stimulant of tomato tolerance against Forl. Therefore, this type of biosolid, previously proven to be minimal ecotoxicological impact, should be considered for its possible use in agriculture according to the principles of circular economy and waste minimization.
A Functional SNP rs895819 on Pre-miR-27a is Associated with Bipolar Disorder by Targeting ICAM-1.
Authors: Yang Yifeng , Lu Wenwen , Ning Mei , Zhou Xianhao , Zhang Di , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jiang Biao , Zou Yan , He Lin , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aberrant expression or genomic mutations of microRNA have been reported to be associated with a variety of human diseases. This study is aimed to analyze the association between genetic variations of miRNA and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We performed case-control studies for ten SNPs in a total sample of 1584 Chinese subjects. All these ten SNPs are on or near mature microRNAs which are expressed in the brain. To illustrate the function of miR-27a, we constructed a miR-27a knockout (KO) astrocytoma cell line U-251MG. By comparing the differentially expressed genes in wild-type and KO U-251MG, we determined several candidate target genes of miR-27a and then verified ICAM-1 as a target gene of miR-27a. We identified the association between the T/C polymorphism at rs895819 and bipolar disorder. Ectopic expression of miR-27a in NPCs showed that the T to C mutation at rs895819 reduced the suppressive effects of miR-27a on the expression of its target genes. Further studies revealed that the T/C polymorphism on miR-27a led to differential expression of mature and precursor miR-27a without affecting the expression of primary miR-27a. Our study highlighted the importance of miR-27a and its polymorphism at rs895819 in bipolar disorder.
Exosomal miRNA-328-3p Targets ZO-3 and&nbsp;Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Proliferation
Authors: Han Zhao , Jinxin Yang , Qian Wang , Zhanding Cui , Dengliang Li , Jiangting Niu , Yanbing Guo , Qian Zhang , Shuang Zhang , Yanli Zhao , Kai Wang , Wei Lian , Guixue Hu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As essential transfer carriers for cell-to-cell communication and genetic material, exosomes carry microRNAs that participate in the regulation of various biological processes. MicroRNA is a type of single-stranded noncoding RNA that can bind to specific target gene mRNA to degrade or inhibit its translation, thereby regulating the expression of related target genes. At present, it is known that a variety of microRNAs are involved in the viral infection process, but there are few reports on research into the specific microRNAs involved in PEDV infection. In this study, we isolated and identified exosomes in PEDV-infected Vero E6 cells. Using transcriptomics technology, we found that miRNA-328-3p was significantly downregulated in exosomes following PEDV infection. Moreover, exosomal miRNA-328-3p inhibits cell infection by PEDV through targeting and inhibition of tight junction protein-3 (TJP-3/ZO-3) in recipient cells. Our findings provide evidence that after infecting cells, PEDV downregulates the expression of miRNA-328-3p, and the resulting reduced inhibition of the target ZO-3 protein helps to enhance PEDV infection. These results provide new insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of PEDV infection.
Choriocarcinoma Syndrome of Primary Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma after Lung Lobe Resection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Pei , Liu Zhenjun , Lu Song , Ji Juan , Li Xiuli , Zhao Qian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is extremely rare, especially in males. It is characterized by a poor response to therapy and shortened survival times. Here, we report a PPC case which was complicated by choriocarcinoma syndrome (CS) and a review of the literature.Case presentation: A 59-year-old man with 30-pack-year smoking history was referred to our hospital because of hemoptysis and chest pain. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and multiple metastases throughout the body. The patient underwent single-port thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lung upper lobe. Histological examinations verified the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Three days after the operation, the patient developed massive hemoptysis. A bronchoscopic examination showed bleeding from the bilateral main bronchus. Despite management in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient died two weeks after surgery. Conclusions: A rapid and correct diagnosis of PPC is necessary. When the patient has massive hemoptysis, we should be alert to the occurrence of CS. Surgery and modified chemotherapy, based on the physical condition of the patient, may currently be the best therapy for PPC.
Drivers of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Standing Dead Trees in Ghost Forests
Authors: Martinez Melinda , Ardon Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coastal freshwater forested wetlands are rapidly transitioning from forest to marsh, leaving behind many standing dead trees (snags) in areas often called ‘ghost forests’. Snags can act as conduits for soil produced greenhouse gases (GHG) and can also be sources as they decompose. Thus, snags have the potential to contribute GHGs to the atmosphere, but emissions are not well understood. We assessed GHG emissions (carbon dioxide - CO 2 , methane - CH 4 , and nitrous oxide - N 2 O) from snags and soils in five ghost forests along a salinity gradient on the coast of North Carolina, USA. Mean (± SE) soil GHG fluxes (416 ± 44 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 , 5.9 ± 1.9 mg CH 4 m -2 hr -1 , and 0.1 ± 0.06 mg N 2 O m -2 hr -1 ) were ~4 times greater than mean snag GHGs (116 ± 15 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 , 0.3 ± 0.09 mg CH 4 m -2 hr -1 , and 0.04 ± 0.009 mg N 2 O m -2 hr -1 ). Hydrological conditions and salinity influenced soil GHG fluxes between the two field campaigns, but snags were less predictable and more variable. Snag and soil CO 2 /N 2 O fluxes were influenced by similar environmental parameters. The drivers for soil and snag CH 4 however, were often not the same and at times oppositely correlated. Our results illustrate the need to include tree stem GHGs in regional and global budgets.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis IgG4-related in a boy with recurrent parotitis: a case report
Authors: Timeus Fabio Stefano , Calvo Mario Michele , Caci Anna Maria , Gallone Giogio Oliviero , Vittone Federico 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIgG4-related diseases are a group of immune-mediated diseases characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with a prevalence of IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis. Autoimmune pancreatitis, sialadenitis, dacryoadenitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis are the most frequent manifestations. IgG4-related sialadenitis usually affects submandibular glands and is very rare in children. We report here a case of an unexpected diagnosis of IgG4-related sialoadenitis in a boy previously diagnosed as affected by juvenile recurrent parotitis.Case presentationA six-year old boy presented to our centre with left parotid swelling about 4x3 cm, tender, soft in consistency, with the overlying skin red and warm. He had low-grade fever and a mild enlargement of left cervical lymph nodes. In the last two years he had five episodes of parotitis and a diagnosis of juvenile recurrent parotitis.. The general conditions were good, and the remainder of the physical examination was normal. At the ultrasonography left parotid was enlarged, inhomogeneous, with a colliquated intraparotid lymph node and no evidence of sialolithiasis. Laboratory tests were normal, except for an increase of white blood cells and positivity for IgM and IgG anti-VCA, with anti-EBNA e anti-EA I negative. The patient was treated with cephalosporins and azitromycin, but after 10 days the parotid became fluctuating and the patient underwent to drainage and biopsy of the gland. He was discharged after 3 days of observation, without any complications, and treated with a further course of cefpodoxime and betametasone, with a good clinical response.Investigations for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria and Bartonella on the pus were negative. Histology showed marked fibrosis and histiocytic and lymphoplasmacellular infiltration. The plasma cells were polyclonal and mostly expressed IgG4 subclass immunoglobulins. The final diagnosis was chronic sclerosing sialadenitis IgG4-related in recurrent parotitis and recent EBV infection. ConclusionsThe interest of this case comes from the rarity of IgG4-related sialadenitis in children. It is not possible to argue with certainty that the previous episodes of parotitis were manifestations of a IgG4-related disease, due to the lack of histological data. Serum IgG4 in our patient were normal, as described in literature in 30% of cases.
Validation of a Search Strategy for Randomized Clinical Trials Related to Periodontitis
Authors: Lyrio Amanda Oliveira , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Silveira Viviane Seixas Silva , Souza Elivan Silva , Batista Josicélia Estrela Tuy , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Pereira Mauricio Gomes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Systematic reviews, considered the gold standard for the assessment of scientific evidence, may present conflicting findings for the same clinical issue, and such dissent may be justified, for example, by the forms of elaboration of the electronic search strategy. The aim of this paper is to validate a search strategy to identify randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis. Results: The search strategy under evaluation compared to the gold-standard showed a sensitivity of 93.2% (95%CI, 83.8-97.3), specificity of 99.9% (95%CI 99.8-99.9) and a precision of 77.5% (95%CI, 66.48-85.63). In addition, the needed number of articles to read was 1.3. Conclusion: According to the proposed methodological approach, the search strategy under evaluation performed well in the identification of randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis.