bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector
Authors: Cheon Wonjoong , Jung Hyunuk , Lee Moonhee , Lee Jinhyeop , Kim Sung Jin , Cho Sungkoo , Han Youngyih 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
We developed a compact and lightweight time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector (TRMLSD) employing image processing techniques and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) dosimetry.

Methods
The TRMLSD comprises a camera and an inorganic scintillator plate without a mirror. The camera was installed at a certain angle from the horizontal plane to collect scintillation from the scintillator plate. The geometric distortion due to the absence of a mirror and camera lens was corrected using a projective transform. Variations in brightness due to the distance between the image sensor and each point on the scintillator plate and the inhomogeneity of the material constituting the scintillator were corrected using a 20.0 × 20.0 cm2 radiation field. Hot pixels were removed using a frame-based noise-reduction technique. Finally, a CNN-based 2D dose distribution deconvolution model was applied to compensate for the dose error in the penumbra region and a lack of backscatter. The linearity, reproducibility, dose rate dependency, and dose profile were tested for a 6 MV X-ray beam to verify dosimeter characteristics. Gamma analysis was performed for two simple and 10 clinical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans.

Results
The dose linearity with brightness ranging from 0.0 cGy to 200.0 cGy was 0.9998 (R-squared value), and the root-mean-square error value was 1.010. For five consecutive measurements, the reproducibility was within 3% error, and the dose rate dependency was within 1%. The depth dose distribution and lateral dose profile coincided with the ionization chamber data with a 1% mean error. In 2D dosimetry for IMRT plans, the mean gamma passing rates with a 3%/3 mm gamma criterion for the two simple and ten clinical IMRT plans were 96.77% and 95.75%, respectively.

Conclusion
The verified accuracy and time-resolved characteristics of the dosimeter may be useful for the quality assurance of machines and patient-specific quality assurance for clinical step-and-shoot IMRT plans.
Early detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients in Thailand
Authors: Putcharoen Opass , Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Chia Wan Ni , Paitoonpong Leilani , Tan Chee Wah , Suwanpimolkul Gompol , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Ruchisrisarod Chanida , Wanthong Phanni , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Wang Lin-Fa , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: February 2021

Background
The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is an indicator of protective immunity for most viral infections. A newly developed surrogate viral neutralization assay (sVNT) offers the ability to detect total receptor binding domain-targeting NAbs in an isotype-independent manner, increasing the test sensitivity. Thus, specimens with low IgM/ IgG antibody levels showed strong neutralization activity in sVNT.

Methods
This study aimed to measure the %inhibition of NAbs measured by sVNT in PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its kinetics were determined.

Results
Ninety-seven patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. Majority of the patients were 21–40 years old (67%) and 63% had mild symptoms. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.4–100%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 98.3–100%). The negative predictive value of sVNT from the samples collected before and after 7 days of symptom onset was 99.5% (95% CI 97.4–100%) and 100% (95% CI 93.8–100%), respectively. The level of inhibition at days 8–14 were significantly higher than days 0–7 (p<0.001). The median %inhibition values by severity of COVID-19 symptoms were 79.9% (interquartile range (IQR) 49.7–91.8%); 89.0% (IQR 71.2–92.4%); and 86.6% (IQR 69.5–92.8%), for mild, moderate and severe/critical symptoms respectively. The median level of sVNT %inhibition of severe was significantly higher than the mild group (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
The sVNT is a practical and robust serological test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and does not require specialized biosafety containment. It can be used clinically to aid diagnosis in both early and late infection especially in cases when the real-time RT-PCR results in weakly negative or weakly positive, and to determine the protective immune response from SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients.
Transocular sonography in acute arterial occlusions of the eye in elderly patients: Diagnostic value of the spot sign
Authors: Czihal Michael , Lottspeich Christian , Köhler Anton , Prearo Ilaria , Hoffmann Ulrich , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Mackert Marc J. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
To characterize the diagnostic yield of the spot sign in the diagnostic workup of acute arterial occlusions of the eye in elderly patients.

Methods
Clinical characteristics of consecutive patients aged ≥ 50 years with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) were recorded. Videos of transocular sonography were assessed for the presence of the spot sign by two blinded readers. Group comparisons were made between CRAO-patients with and without the spot sign. Two experienced cardiovascular physicians allocated CRAO-cases to a presumed aetiology, without and with knowledge on the presence/absence of the spot sign.

Results
One-hundred-twenty-three patients were included, 46 of whom suffered from CRAO. A spot sign was seen in 32 of 46 of patients with CRAO and in 7 of 23 patients with BRAO. Interobserver agreement was excellent (Cohen`s kappa 0.98). CRAO-patients with the spot sign significantly more frequently had a medical history of cardiovascular disease (62.8 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.03) and left heart valve pathologies (51.9 vs. 10%, p = 0.03). The spot sign was not found in any of the three patients with CRAO secondary to cranial giant cell arteritis. The assumed CRAO aetiology differed in 37% of cases between two cardiovascular physicians, regardless whether transocular sonography findings were known or not.

Conclusion
The spot sign is a simple sonographic finding with excellent interobserver agreement, which proofs the embolic nature of CRAO, but does not allow exact attribution of the underlying aetiology.
P4TREE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION AT THE BELO HORIZONTE CARNIVAL
Authors: Cruvinel Eduardo Henrique de Paula , Santos Idelaine Capanema da Cunha , Boffa Marcos Vinicius 
Published: February 2021

The Brazilian Carnival is considered one of the best known tourist products internationally, and is responsible for the movement and composition of flows of people, motivation for travel, generation of income and jobs, changes in supply and demand and changes in consumption habits. The events surrounding the carnival also have social, cultural, economic, political and environmental impacts on the host cities. These impacts deserve attention, along with efforts to reduce the more negative ones. The Belo Horizonte Tourism Office - Belotur, an organization linked to the Belo Horizonte City Hall, in partnership with the Department of Chemistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG introduced measures for the “P4Tree Technology Application at Belo Horizonte Carnival”. P4Tree is a technology developed at UFMG that consists of in the formulation of a tablet capable of holding the phosphorus element in contact with waste. This material is manipulated in the laboratory and transformed into fertilizer for use in various crops. This is because phosphorus is a fundamental nutrient for the development of any living being. The project was tested at the Belo Horizonte Carnival in 2018 and based on the results, it was replicated at the 2019 Carnival. It consisted of the application of P4Tree technology in 100 chemical toilets around the stage dedicated to the family and children’s programming of the Carnival, in the central region of Belo Horizonte, with high flow and movement of people. The toilets supplied and installed by Belotur were labeled with the project's visual identity, and were later equipped by the team of students from the UFMG Chemistry Department with P4Tree tablets in the tanks. The tablets were left in the toilets until the end of each day, before suction of the waste by the company responsible for cleaning the toilets. The P4Tree material collected was properly packaged and transferred to the University Laboratory where it was handled and made into fertilizer. This fertilizer was used/tested on five different crops at the Belo Horizonte Zoobotany Foundation, including Ipê, a tree symbol of Belo Horizonte. Tests were conducted to compare with traditional fertilizer used by the Zoobotany Foundation. The proposal is to use the seedlings of these crops to replant other areas of the city. Actions to promote the use of technology that enables the sustainability to be incorporated at one of the biggest urban events in Belo Horizonte. Due to the visibility and results achieved, it can be replicated at events with different characteristics. Interdisciplinary combination relevant to the sector, considering events as one of the main links in the tourism production chain.
Telemanipulation of an Articulated Robotic Arm using a Commercial Virtual Reality Controller
Authors: Schäfer Max B. , Stewart Kent W. , Lösch Nico , Pott Peter P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Access to systems for robot-assisted surgery is limited due to high costs. To enable widespread use, numerous issues have to be addressed to improve and/or simplify their components. Current systems commonly use universal linkage-based input devices, and only a few applicationoriented and specialized designs are used. A versatile virtual reality controller is proposed as an alternative input device for the control of a seven degree of freedom articulated robotic arm. The real-time capabilities of the setup, replicating a system for robot-assisted teleoperated surgery, are investigated to assess suitability. Image-based assessment showed a considerable system latency of 81.7 ± 27.7 ms. However, due to its versatility, the virtual reality controller is a promising alternative to current input devices for research around medical telemanipulation systems.
El concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo y su aplicabilidad a la actividad de los operadores de taxi en México
Authors: Hernández Romero Yasmín 
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se busca determinar la aplicabilidad del concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo a la actividad que realizan los operadores de transporte público en la modalidad individual (taxi), un plano de la violencia en el transporte público que, en México, si bien es visibilizado cotidianamente en el ámbito mediático, ni la academia, ni las autoridades gubernamentales o la sociedad lo han considerado un asunto prioritario. Para su abordaje, se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo documental en torno al concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo y sus tipologías. Este concepto y el de trabajo constituyen los ejes para el análisis. Como corolario se advierte la falta de reconocimiento legal de la actividad del taxista como un trabajo y, la necesidad de ampliar la definición de trabajo que presupone el concepto de violencia en el lugar de trabajo.
Desigualdad social, prestigio ocupacional, ingresos y educación. Propuesta para una escala uruguaya
Authors: Rey Fau Rafael , Boado Martínez Marcelo Raúl 
Published: February 2021

En 2010, en el marco de le Encuesta de Movilidad Social y Trayectorias Educativas (EMOTE), se realizó un levantamiento de una encuesta de prestigio ocupacional. Se aplicó a una submuestra representativa de la encuesta, que ascendió a 427 casos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, de las ciudades de Maldonado, Montevideo y Salto (Uruguay). El interés sobre el trabajo era múltiple, pero partía de intentar medir si los entrevistados eran capaces de ofrecer una opinión indicativa del prestigio de las ocupaciones y la desigualdad social. Con la muestra se evaluó un conjunto de 90 ocupaciones que representaban la mayoría de las ocupaciones presentes en la Encuesta Nacional Ampliada de Hogares (ENAH) de 2006. Se requirió a los entrevistados evaluar el prestigio de un conjunto de ocupaciones con un score entre 1 y 9, correspondiendo 1 a las al menor prestigio y 9 al máximo. A continuación se presenta su validación, y una aplicación.
Seasonal changes dominate long term variability of the urban air microbiome across space and time.
Authors: Núñez Andrés , Moreno Diego A , García Ana M , Guantes Raul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Compared to soil or aquatic ecosystems, the atmosphere is still an underexplored environment for microbial diversity. Besides its ecological importance, the spatial and temporal characterization of aerosolized microorganisms is relevant for understanding allergy and disease outbreaks, especially in highly populated cities. Results In this study, we surveyed the composition, variability and sources of microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the near surface atmosphere of a highly populated area, spanning ~ 4,000 Km 2 around the city center of Madrid (Spain), in different seasonal periods along two years. We found a core of abundant bacterial genera robust across space and time, most of soil origin, while fungi were more sensitive to environmental conditions. Microbial communities showed clear seasonal patterns driven by variability of environmental factors, mainly temperature and accumulated rain, while local sources played a minor role. We also identified taxa in both kingdoms characteristic of seasonal periods, but not of specific sampling sites or plant coverage. Conclusions The present study suggests that the near surface atmosphere of urban environments constitutes a stable ecosystem, with a relatively homogenous composition, modulated by climatic variations. As such, it contributes to our understanding of the long-term changes associated to the human exposome in the air of highly populated areas.
A Propose of Effective Model For Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery With Quadruple Serum Biomarkers of Aneuploidy Screening.
Authors: Wuttisantikul Kritchaya , Pranpanus Savitree , Kor-anantakul Ounjai , Suntharasaj Thitima , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Pruksanusak Ninlapa , Petpichetchian Chusana , Suksai Manaphat , Chainarong Natthicha , Sawaddisan Rapphon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) is one of the most common global problems causing perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, there is no effective universal screening method for predicting sPTD. Therefore, we want to evaluate the extra benefit of quadruple maternal serum biomarkers for Down syndrome (DS) screening to predict sPTD. Moreover, to propose an effective model to predict sPTD.Results: From total of 2,822 pregnancies who underwent DS screening, 2604 (92.3%) were included in the study. There were 183 (7.02%) pregnant women had randomly measure cervical length. sPTD occurred in 221 (8.5%) of participants, 32 (14.5%) had early sPTD (<34 weeks gestation) and 189 (85.5%) had late sPTD (delivery between 34-36+6 weeks). The median MoM of AFP was significantly higher in women with early sPTD (1.2 VS 1.0, p =0.04), but uE3 had tendency to be lower than the women with term delivery. The most effective model to predict sPTD was the combination of serum AFP level > 1.2 MoM, uE3 level < 0.9 MoM, cervical length <35 mm. and had history of previous preterm delivery which has an AUC of 0.86.Conclusions:An abnormal increase of AFP or decrease of uE3 in quadruple Down syndrome screening showed a predictive ability to predict sPTD with no extra cost. The most effective model to predict sPTD is adding serum quadruple biomarkers with maternal characteristics and cervical length measurement gives a high predictive ability for sPTD.
An Exploratory Study on COVID-19 and the Rights of Children Based on Keyword Network Analysis
Authors: Lee Seoyeon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a worldwide health crisis. Around March 2020, the entire country was shut down, including schools. This resulted in significant changes in the lives of children. In this study, the researcher conducted a keyword network analysis utilizing Ucinet ver 6.716 and NetDraw ver 2.173, after gathering the data using Textom in order to examine the current status of the rights of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study were that the degree centrality was higher with poverty, educational institutions, parents, teachers, income support, child care, child-rearing, caring, online classes, and child welfare, etc. Therefore, it can be said that there is an urgent need for the implementation of the respect of the rights of children all over the world in this COVID-19 pandemic.
Influence of Weight Bias and Associated Factors on Perceptions of Plus Size Models
Authors: Miller Julia Caroline Porter , Carels Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The fashion industry has recently begun to utilize plus size models. The aim of this study was to explore whether these models would be viewed more critically in comparison to thin models or subjected to weight bias and associated factors. Methods: University students (N = 330, Mage= 18.62, SDage = 1.33) viewed images of thin and plus size models and rated each image. They then filled out measures assessing weight bias (measured through the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire), sociocultural attitudes regarding athletic and thin body types, and body appreciation. Results: Plus size models were rated more critically than thin models (p < 0.01). Thin and plus size model ratings were also highly correlated (p < 0.01), but weight bias was still predictive of plus model ratings within a regression model that included thin model ratings (p < 0.01). Further, mediational analyses found that weight bias partially mediated the relationship between thin and plus size model ratings. Males were more likely to rate both model types more critically (p < 0.01), but weight bias was found to partially mediate the relationship between male ratings of plus-sized models (p < .001). Conclusions: Despite the recent steps to include more body diversity among the fashion industry, plus size models still appear to be subjected to weight bias, especially among males. Level of Evidence: Level III, case–control analytic study.
A Cost-Effective Method for Rapid Manufacturing a Precision Mold With Microstructures Using Hybrid Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Kuo Chil-Chyuan , Lin Bo-Han , Luo Zheng-Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Injection molding is a cost-effective to manufacture molded products by injection molding machine. A precision part with microstructures can be fabricated effectively through a precision mold. In this study, a cost-effective method for rapid manufacturing a precision component and a precision injection mold with microstructures by integrating additive manufacturing, rapid tooling, and computer numerical control milling. It was found that of the dimensional accuracy of a precision component in the length, width, and height can be controlled at approximately 30 µm. Injection molding was performed using an injection mold with microstructures with a microstructure of 950 µm and the dimensional accuracy of a molded part in the length, width, and microstructure can be controlled at approximately 60 µm, 50 µm, and 10 µm, respectively. The remarkable findings of this study can be used for the fabrication of molds or dies efficiently and economically for trial production in the mold industry since the quality of the precision component and the precision mold can meet the standards of the general industry.
Mechanism of E Lian Granule Reversing Chronic Atrophic Gastritis With Intestinal Metaplasia Based on Integrated Pharmacology and&nbsp;GEO Gene Chip
Authors: Gu Sizhen , Xue Yan , Xue Shigui , Tang Yini , Hu Zhehao , Wu Huan , Cai Gan , Dou Danbo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the main components and targets of E-Lian granule through which it reversed chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, based on the traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Pharmacology Network Computing Research Platform V2.0 (TCMIP V2.0) combined with GEO gene chips. It also aimed to construct various networks to predict and analyze the mechanism of E-Lian granule in treating gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: The effective traditional Chinese medicine components and targets of E-Lian granule prescription were obtained using TCMIP V2.0. The disease targets were collected using the TCMIP V2.0 platform and the verified gene chips in the GEO database, and the “drug components–targets” network, “compound–targets protein interaction network,” and “core compound targets–pathways network” were constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.1. The reliability of the predicted components and targets was verified using Pymol 1.7.2.1 and Autodock Vina 1.1.2 reverse molecular docking. Results: A total of 262 unique active components and 680 potential active targets of E-Lian granule were obtained. Moreover, 2247 unique disease targets of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia were obtained by searching the “Disease/Symptom Target Database” combined with the GEO chip (GSE78523) and GeneCard database. Further, 178 complex targets and 38 complex core targets were obtained using Venn and Filter, respectively, such as ALB, TNF, PTGS2, RHOA, ESR1, HRAS, JUN, FOS, CASP3 and so forth. The GO and KEGG nrichment analyses showed that E-Lian granule reversed gastric precancerous lesions not only through the direct intervention of the cancer pathway, gastric cancer pathway, and epithelial signal transduction in Helicobacter pylori infection but also through PI3K/AKT, VEGF, MAPK, cAMP, cGMP, Th1/Th2,and other pathways. It also had a significant correlation with cholinergic, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopaminergic, and other gastrointestinal hormone-related signals. Finally, the core target verified in the GSE78523 chip was successfully used to dock with the active components of E-Lian granules. The reliability of the prediction was also verified. Conclusions: The components and molecular mechanism of E-Lian granule in reversing chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia were predicted by integrated pharmacology, GEO chip, and reverse molecular docking, providing an important theoretical basis for further study of the effective substances and mechanism of E-Lian granule in treating chronic atrophic gastritis.