bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Diffuse Infiltration Pattern in Multiple Myeloma From Hyperplastic Hematopoietic Bone Marrow: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Using Whole‐BodyMRI
Authors: Sun Mengtian , Cheng Jingliang , Ren Cuiping , Zhang Yong , Li Yinhua , Wang Linlin , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe visual assessment used for diffuse infiltration of multiple myeloma (MM) is inadequate. It can be difficult to differentiate MM from hyperplastic hematopoietic bone marrow (HHBM) because the MRI signal characteristics overlap.PurposeTo analyze the bone marrow diffuse signal changes on whole‐body MRI caused by MM and HHBM.Study typeRetrospective.SubjectsThirty Four patients with MM (21 men and 13 women), 22 patients with HHBM (9 men and 13 women), and 15 healthy controls (9 men and 6 women).Field strength/sequenceA 3.0 T MRI; diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS), modified Dixon T1 fast field echo, and T2 STIR.AssessmentThree radiologists analyzed the whole‐body MRI alone and in combination with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Normalized T1 and T2 signal intensities (nT1 and nT2) and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were obtained.Statistical testsKruskal–Wallis and chi‐square tests.ResultsThe MM group had significantly higher ADC and significantly lower FF than HHBM and control groups. There was no significant difference in nT1, nT2 or SNR between MM and HHBM (P = 0.932,P = 0.097, andP = 0.110, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using ADC and FF cut‐off values of 0.47 × 10−3 mm2/sec and 20.63%, respectively. The AUC was 0.866 for ADC and 0.886 for FF. The quantitative analysis yielded better specificity (observer 1: 81.8% vs. 27.3%; observer 2: 68.2% vs. 22.7%; and observer 3: 72.7% vs. 18.2%) and a higher diagnostic accuracy (observer 1: 82.1% vs. 51.8%; observer 2: 80.4% vs. 50.0%; observer 3: 76.8% vs. 44.6%) than the qualitative analysis.Data conclusionWhole‐body MRI combined with DWIBS and mDIXON could be used to differentiate between MM and HHBM. Combining the quantitative ADC and FF with the whole‐body MRI improved the specificity and accuracy in differentiating these conditions.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Phenotype stability, expansion potential, and senescence of embryonic tendon cells in vitro
Authors: Nguyen Phong K. , Deng Feiyang , Assi Sereen , Paco Paolo , Fink Spencer , Stockwell Caroline , Kuo Catherine K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmbryonic tendon cells have been studied in vitro to better understand mechanisms of tendon development. Outcomes of in vitro cell culture studies are easily affected by phenotype instability of embryonic tendon cells during expansion in vitro to achieve desired cell numbers, yet this has not been characterized. In the present study, we characterized phenotype stability, expansion potential, and onset of senescence in chick embryo tendon cells from low to high cell doublings. We focused on cells of Hamburger‐Hamilton stages (HH) 40 and HH42, where HH40 is the earliest stage associated with substantial increases in extracellular matrix and mechanical properties during embryonic tendon development. HH40 and HH42 cells both downregulated expression levels of tendon phenotype markers, scleraxis and tenomodulin, and exhibited onset of senescence, based on p16 and p21 expression levels, cell surface area, and percentage of β‐galactosidase positive cells, before significant decreases in proliferation rates were detected. These findings showed that embryonic tendon cells destabilize phenotype and become senescent earlier than they begin to decline in proliferation rates in vitro. Additionally, embryonic stage of isolation appears to have no effect on proliferation rates, whereas later stage HH42 cells downregulate phenotype and become susceptible to senescence sooner than earlier stage HH40 cells. Based on our data, we recommend chick embryo tendon cells be used before a maximum cumulative doubling level of 12 (passage 4 in this study) to avoid phenotype destabilization and onset of senescence.
A single base change at exon of Wx‐A1 caused gene inactivation and starch properties modified in a wheat EMS mutant line
Authors: Zhang Xuteng , Karim Hassan , Feng Xiuqin , Lan Jingyu , Tang Huaping , Guzmán Carlos , Xu Qiang , Zhang Yazhou , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Wang Jirui , Chen Guoyue , Lan Xiujin , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Jiang Qiantao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat is an essential source of starch. The GBSS or waxy genes are responsible for synthesizing amylose in cereals. The present study identified a novel Wx‐A1 null mutant line from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized population of common wheat cv. SM126 using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel analyses.RESULTSThe alignment of the Wx‐A1 gene sequences from the mutant and parental SM126 lines showed only one single nucleotide polymorphism causing the appearance of a premature stop codon and Wx‐A1 inactivation. The lack of Wx‐A1 protein resulted in decreased amylose, total starch and resistant starch. The starch morphology assessment revealed that starch from mutant seeds was more wrinkled, increasing its susceptibility to digestion. Regarding the starch thermodynamic properties, the gelatinization temperature was remarkably reduced in the mutant compared to parental line SM126. The digestibility of native, gelatinized, and retrograded starches was analyzed for mutant M4‐627 and the parental SM126 line. In the M4‐627 line, rapidly digestible starch contents were increased, whereas resistant starch was decreased in the three types of starch.CONCLUSIONWaxy protein is essential for starch synthesis. The thermodynamic characteristics were decreased in the Wx‐A1 mutant line. The digestibility properties of starch were also affected. Therefore, the partial waxy mutant M3‐627 might play a significant role in food improvement. Furthermore, it might also be used to produce high‐quality noodles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation of core‐shell microporous organic polymer‐coated silica microspheres for chromatographic separation and N‐glycopeptides enrichment
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Tang Ruizhi , Pan Lei , Wu Wenrui , Ma Shujuan , Wei Yinmao , Ou Junjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThrough a “one‐pot” strategy, a layer of microporous organic polymer was coated onto the surface of monodisperse amino‐functionalized silica microsphere via amino‐aldehyde condensation reaction with core‐shell structure. The change in chemical structure of material before and after modification was determined by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to existence of a large number of amino and aldehyde groups in microporous organic polymer shell, the water contact angle decreased from 56.8° (silica microspheres) to 34.7° (microporous organic polymer‐coated silica microspheres). Based on these properties, microporous organic polymer‐coated silica microspheres were employed as the stationary phase for capillary liquid chromatography and successfully offered baseline separation of polar small molecules. Additionally, the material could also be served as the sorbent of hydrophilic interaction chromatography to enrich glycopeptides from human serum digest. A total of 470 unique N‐glycopeptides and 342 N‐glycosylation sites mapped to 112 N‐glycosylated proteins were unambiguously identified from 2 μL of human serum, exhibiting a promising application prospect of microporous organic polymer‐coated silica microspheres in the pretreatment of proteomics samples.
Dephosphorylation of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐derived Schiff bases in the presence of bovine alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Gamov George , Murekhina Anastasia , Aleksandriiskii Viktor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present paper reports on the study of the dephosphorylation of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate and four derived hydrazones (containing the residues of pyrazine, 2‐furan, 2‐thiophene, 3‐pyridine carboxylic acids) induced by bovine alkaline phosphatase from intestinal mucosa at 298.2 K and pH 10 (0.05 m Tris–HCl buffer). We observed and discussed characteristic changes in the UV–vis and fluorescent spectra of substrates. Michaelis–Menten parameters of the enzymatic dephosphorylation are calculated. The stability of alkaline phosphatase in the presence of hydrazones is confirmed. The dephosphorylation of the Zn(II) complex with pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐derived hydrazone is analyzed.
Development of N,O‐Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐Starch Biomaterial Inks for 3D Printed Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Naseri Emad , Cartmell Christopher , Saab Matthew , Kerr Russell G. , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel hybrid biomaterial ink consisting of two water‐soluble polymers is investigated: starch and N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC). The biomaterial ink is used to fabricate controlled release biodegradable wound dressing scaffolds via a novel low‐temperature solvent (organic)‐free 3D printing technique. NOCC is a variant of chitosan with a high degradation rate that can lead to an immediate release of the drugs, and starch, on the other hand, is used to alter degradation and drug release characteristics of the biomaterial. Mupirocin, a topical anti‐infective, is incorporated into the biomaterial inks. Different biomaterial inks in terms of NOCC to starch ratio are prepared and characterized. Printability and rheology of the samples are investigated, and the release of mupirocin over time is quantified. The efficacy of the developed 3D printed wound dressings against Staphylococcus aureus is examined through disk diffusion assays. Increasing NOCC accelerated the release of the drug from the scaffold and led to larger zones of inhibition in the early hours of the in vitro tests; this phenomenon is correlated to the enhanced hydrophilicity of NOCC‐dominated scaffolds. The drug release and the zone of inhibition are controlled by altering starch to NOCC ratio in the biomaterial ink.
Solvated Ionic‐Liquid Incorporated Soft Flexible Cross‐Linked Network Polymer Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries
Authors: Grewal Manjit Singh , Tanaka Manabu , Kawakami Hiroyoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the solvent‐free, highly flexible, self‐supporting crosslinked network polymer electrolyte membranes with decent ion conductivities and stable battery performance (in terms of rate capability and cycle stability) at ambient temperatures. The network polymer electrolyte membranes are prepared by “thiol‐epoxy” and “thiol‐ene” (co)polymerization using pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PEMP) and terminal‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The network polymer electrolyte membranes contain small amounts of solvated ionic liquids (equimolar mixture of tetraglyme and lithium salt) at different lithium salt molar concentrations. The obtained membranes display remarkable homogeneity and high amorphous characteristics, good mechanical robustness, high thermal stability, wide electrochemical stability (>4.20 V vs Li/Li+), and superior lithium ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.20–0.50). The electrochemical and spectroscopic study of the network polymer electrolyte membranes reveals the influence of solvated ionic liquid on the ion conduction, mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties. The overall performance of the present crosslinked polymer network electrolyte containing solvated ionic liquid systems postulates the possibility of their practical implementation in the construction of safe and durable alternative electrolytes for high‐performance lithium ion batteries working at wide temperatures.
Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides
Authors: Phetsanthad Ashley , Vu Nhu Q. , Yu Qing , Buchberger Amanda R. , Chen Zhengwei , Keller Caitlin , Li Lingjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism. With recent technological advances, mass spectrometry (MS) has provided methodology to gain global knowledge of a neuropeptidome on a spatial, temporal, and quantitative level. This review will cover key considerations for the analysis of neuropeptides by MS, including sample preparation strategies, instrumental advances for identification, structural characterization, and imaging; insightful functional studies; and newly developed absolute and relative quantitation strategies. While many discoveries have been made with MS, the methodology is still in its infancy. Many of the current challenges and areas that need development will also be highlighted in this review.
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Attenuates DSS‐Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Colonization and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans
Authors: Mao Xiaqiong , Ma Jingjing , Jiao Chunhua , Tang Nana , Zhao Xiaojing , Wang Di , Zhang Yue , Ye Ziping , Xu Chenjing , Jiang Jingyue , Wu Shasha , Cui Xiufang , Zhang Hongjie , Qiu Xinyun 
Published: September 2021

ScopeIntestinal commensal microbiota interactions play critical roles in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development. Candida albicans (CA) can aggravate intestinal inflammation; however, whether Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP) can antagonize CA is unknown.Methods and ResultsCA are co‐cultured with bacteria (FP and Escherichia coli (EC)), bacterial supernatant, and bacterial medium, respectively. Then, the CA hyphae‐specific genes’ expression and CA cells’ morphology are investigated. The Nod‐like receptor pyrin‐containing protein 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome, inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production are evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells pre‐treated with bacteria, bacterial med, and bacterial supernatant and exposed without or with CA. Both bacteria significantly prohibit CA numbers, while only FP and FP supernatant prohibit the transformation and virulence factors (extracellular phospholipase, secreted aspartyl proteinase, and hemolysin) secretion of CA in a co‐culture system compared with media controls. Further, FP and FP supernatant promote the production of the NLRP6 inflammasome, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐18, and antibacterial peptides (β‐defensin (BD)‐2 and BD‐3) and inhibit in vitro and in vivo CA growth and pathogenicity, and alleviate DSS‐colitis in mice, while EC do not show the similar effect.ConclusionFP improve intestinal inflammation by inhibiting CA reproduction, colonization, and pathogenicity and inducing AMP secretion in the gut. This study uncovers new relationships between intestinal microbes and fungi in IBD patients.
International Continence Society white paper on ethical considerations in older adults with urinary incontinence
Authors: Suskind Anne M. , Vaittinen Tiina , Gibson William , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Davis Nina , Dickinson Tamara , Spencer Martha , Wagg Adrian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUrinary incontinence is a common problem among older adults that is often complicated by many nuanced ethical considerations. Unfortunately, there is a lack of guidance for healthcare professionals on how to navigate such concerns. This International Continence Society white paper aims to provide healthcare professionals with an ethical framework to promote best care practices in the care of older adults with urinary incontinence.
Comparison of linear combination modeling strategies for edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T
Authors: Zöllner Helge J. , Tapper Sofie , Hui Steve C. N. , Barker Peter B. , Edden Richard A. E. , Oeltzschner Georg 
Published: September 2021

J‐difference‐edited spectroscopy is a valuable approach for the in vivo detection of γ‐aminobutyric‐acid (GABA) with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A recent expert consensus article recommends linear combination modeling (LCM) of edited MRS but does not give specific details regarding implementation. This study explores different modeling strategies to adapt LCM for GABA‐edited MRS. Sixty‐one medial parietal lobe GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS spectra from a recent 3‐T multisite study were modeled using 102 different strategies combining six different approaches to account for co‐edited macromolecules (MMs), three modeling ranges, three baseline knot spacings, and the use of basis sets with or without homocarnosine. The resulting GABA and GABA+ estimates (quantified relative to total creatine), the residuals at different ranges, standard deviations and coefficients of variation (CVs), and Akaike information criteria, were used to evaluate the models' performance. Significantly different GABA+ and GABA estimates were found when a well‐parameterized MM3cobasis function was included in the model. The mean GABA estimates were significantly lower when modeling MM3co, while the CVs were similar. A sparser spline knot spacing led to lower variation in the GABA and GABA+ estimates, and a narrower modeling range—only including the signals of interest—did not substantially improve or degrade modeling performance. Additionally, the results suggest that LCM can separate GABA and the underlying co‐edited MM3co. Incorporating homocarnosine into the modeling did not significantly improve variance in GABA+ estimates. In conclusion, GABA‐edited MRS is most appropriately quantified by LCM with a well‐parameterized co‐edited MM3cobasis function with a constraint to the nonoverlapped MM0.93, in combination with a sparse spline knot spacing (0.55 ppm) and a modeling range of 0.5–4 ppm.
The use of uncertain exposure—A method to define switching and add‐on in pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Pazzagli Laura , Linder Marie , Reutfors Johan , Brandt Lena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeWhen defining exposure to pharmacological treatments in pharmacoepidemiology, register data often do not provide information regarding if a pharmacological treatment is a switch or an add‐on. This study aims to compare two methods defining switching and add‐on therapies and their impact on exposure‐outcome associations. Additionally, to guide bias reduction, it aims to describe how the methods relate to immortal time bias and selection bias.MethodsCohort study using Swedish population‐based health registers to identify antidepressant (AD) prescriptions as exposures while hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons were used as an empirical outcome example. The first method for exposure definition used conditioning on future exposure (FE), the second used the concept of uncertain exposure (UE). To estimate associations between outcome and exposure categories “Use of one AD,” “Use of two or more ADs”, and “UE” compared to “Unexposed,” hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for age and sex.ResultsUsing the UE method, 7.2% of time periods were classified as “UE” with a notable proportion of psychiatric hospitalizations (7.7%) occurring during this time, while when using the FE method these hospitalizations were distributed over unexposed time and AD use time. The FE method resulted in slightly higher associations than the UE method. The highest HR was found during “UE”: HR (95% CI) 5.54 (5.06–6.07).ConclusionsThis study suggests that to reduce the potential immortal time bias, selection bias, and exposure misclassification inherent to the FE method, the UE method could be used for identifying switching and add‐on therapies. If not used as a main exposure definition, the UE method may be used to investigate the impact of UE time in a sensitivity analysis.
Use of oral tetracyclines in the treatment of adult outpatients with skin and skin structure infections: Focus on doxycycline, minocycline, and omadacycline
Authors: Bidell Monique R. , Lodise Thomas P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOral tetracyclines have been used in clinical practice for over 60 years. One of the most common indications for use of oral tetracyclines is for treatment of adult outpatients with skin and soft infections (SSTIs), including acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). The 2014 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) skin and soft tissue guideline strongly recommends sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, clindamycin, and tetracyclines as oral treatment options for patients with purulent SSTIs, especially when methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus is of clinical concern. Despite the long‐standing use of tetracyclines, practice patterns indicate that they are often considered after other guideline‐concordant oral options for the treatment of patients with SSTIs. Clinicians may therefore be less familiar with the clinical data associated with use of commercially available tetracycline agents for treatment of patients with SSTI. This review summarizes the literature on the use of oral tetracyclines (ie, doxycycline, minocycline, and omadacycline) for the treatment of adult patients with SSTIs. As part of this review, we describe their common mechanisms of resistance, susceptibility profiles against common SSTI pathogens, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and comparative clinical data.
A consensus statement on the use of botulinum toxin in pediatric patients
Authors: Vova Joshua A. , Green Michael M. , Brandenburg Joline E. , Davidson Loren , Paulson Andrea , Deshpande Supreet , Oleszek Joyce L. , Inanoglu Didem , McLaughlin Matthew J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBotulinum toxin has been used in medicine for the past 30 years. However, there continues to be controversy about the appropriate uses and dosing, especially in the pediatric population. A panel of nine pediatric physiatrists from different regions and previous training programs in the United States were nominated based on institutional reputation and botulinum toxin (BoNT) experience. Based on a review of the current literature, the goal was to provide the rationale for recommendations on the administration of BoNT in the pediatric population. The goal was not only to review safety, dosing, and injection techniques but also to develop a consensus on the appropriate uses in the pediatric population. In addition to upper and lower limb spasticity, the consensus also provides recommendations for congenital muscular torticollis, cervical dystonia, sialorrhea, and brachial plexus palsies.