bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of edge formation during the coating process of Li-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Spiegel Sandro , Heckmann Thilo , Altvater Andreas , Diehm Ralf , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, a method to reduce superelevations of lateral edges in cross-web direction during slot die coating of shear-thinning slurries for Li-ion battery electrodes (LIB) was developed. Therefore, the impact of the inner slot die geometry on the edge elevations was investigated. These elevations of the coating could be almost eliminated by optimizing the flow profile at the outlet of the slot die by modification of the internal geometry. This adaption is an essential step in optimizing the coating quality of slot die coating for battery electrodes to significantly reduce coating edges and, hence, the resulting production reject during the coating step of the industrial roll-to-roll process. It was also shown that lateral edges of the coating can be influenced explicitly by process parameters such as volume flow and gap between slot die and substrate. This correlation has already been shown for other shear-thinning material systems in previous works, which is now confirmed for this material system. At the beginning, the influence of different internal geometries on the formation of the edge elevations was shown. Finally, for the shear-thinning electrode slurry used in this work, optimal dimensions of the previously determined inner geometry for the slot die outlet were found. The optimization was performed for a state-of-the-art electrode area capacity (approximately 2.2 mAh cm−2). The results enable a significant reduction of defects and reject in the coating step of large-scale production of LIB electrodes in the future, adding to a more sustainable battery production.
Virtual Biopsy by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Barrett’s Carcinoma
Authors: Blößer Sandra , May Andrea , Welsch Lukas , Ast Michael , Braun Susanne , Velten Thomas , Biehl Margit , Tschammer Jonas , Roeb Elke , Knabe Mate 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Early detection of adenocarcinomas in the esophagus is crucial for achieving curative endoscopic therapy. Targeted biopsies of suspicious lesions, as well as four-quadrant biopsies, represent the current diagnostic standard. However, this procedure is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and examiner-dependent. The aim of this study was to test whether impedance spectroscopy is capable of distinguishing between healthy, premalignant, and malignant lesions. An ex vivo measurement method was developed to examine esophageal lesions using impedance spectroscopy immediately after endoscopic resection.

Methods
After endoscopic resection of suspicious lesions in the esophagus, impedance measurements were performed on resected cork-covered tissue using a measuring head that was developed, with eight gold electrodes, over 10 different measurement settings and with frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz.

Results
A total of 105 measurements were performed in 60 patients. A dataset of 400 per investigation and a total of more than 42,000 impedance measurements were therefore collected. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was able to detect dysplastic esophageal mucosa with a sensitivity of 81% in Barrett’s esophagus.

Conclusion
In summary, EIS was able to distinguish different tissue characteristics in the different esophageal tissues. EIS thus holds potential for further development of targeted biopsies during surveillance endoscopy.
Trial Registration
NCT04046601
Selenite-induced ROS/AMPK/FoxO3a/GABARAPL-1 signaling pathway modulates autophagy that antagonize apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yu Hailing , Huang Yin , Ge Yanming , Hong Xiaopeng , Lin Xi , Tang Kexin , Wang Qiang , Yang Yang , Sun Weiming , Huang Yongquan , Luo Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that selenium possessed chemotherapeutic effect against multiple malignant cancers, inducing diverse stress responses including apoptosis and autophagy. Selenite was previously shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. However, the relationship between selenite-induced apoptosis and autophagy was not fully understood. Our results revealed a pro-survival role of selenite-induced autophagy against apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Real-time PCR array of autophagy-related genes showed that GABARAPL-1 was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer cells, which was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence results. Knockdown of GABARAPL-1 significantly inhibited selenite-induced autophagy and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that selenite-induced upregulation of GABARAPL-1 was caused by upregulated p-AMPK and FoxO3a level. Their interaction was correlated with involved in regulation of GABARAPL-1. We observed that activation and inhibition of AMPK influenced both autophagy and apoptosis level via FoxO3a/ GABARAPL-1 signaling, implying the pro-survival role of autophagy against apoptosis. Importantly, we corroborated these findings in a colorectal cancer xenograft animal model with immunohistochemistry and western blot results. Collectively, these results show that sodium selenite could induce ROS/AMPK/FoxO3a/GABARAPL-1-mediated autophagy and downregulate apoptosis in both colorectal cancer cells and colon xenograft model. These findings help to explore sodium selenite as a potential anti-cancer drug in clinical practices.
Wissen über berufsbedingte inhalative Noxen bei Beschäftigten im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege
Authors: Koch Peter , Halsen Gabriele , Damerau Lukas , Nienhaus Albert , Harth Volker , Augustin Matthias , Terschüren Claudia 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Einatmen von beruflich bedingten Noxen (Dämpfe, Gase, Stäube, Rauche) kann zu unterschiedlichsten Gesundheitsproblemen führen. Beschäftigte aus dem Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege sind bei ihrer Tätigkeit z. B. Inhalationsanästhetika, Desinfektionsmitteln und -reinigern und chirurgischen Rauchgasen ausgesetzt.

Fragestellung
In dieser Untersuchung soll ermittelt werden, inwieweit sich Beschäftigte im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege ihrer berufsbedingten Exposition gegenüber inhalativen Noxen bewusst sind.

Material und Methoden
Aus der 10.000er Baseline-Stichprobe der HCHS (Hamburg City Health Study) wurden alle Probanden selektiert, die beruflich im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege tätig waren. Die subjektiven Fragebogenangaben zu einer arbeitsplatzbezogenen Exposition von Dämpfen, Gasen, Stäuben und Rauchen wurden mit Daten einer Job-Exposure-Matrix (JEM) abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Stichprobe (N = 1176) bestand zu 78 % aus Frauen, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 61 Jahren. Probanden, die in der Arzt- und Praxishilfe (60,5 %) beschäftigt waren, machten die größte Berufsgruppe aus. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen subjektiven Expositionsangaben und JEM war gering (Cohens Kappa: 0,18). Die Sensitivität der subjektiven Angaben zu inhalativen Noxen im Vergleich zur JEM lag bei 49,5 %, die Spezifität bei 81,7 %. Ein Underreporting zu inhalativen Noxen war ausschließlich bei Beschäftigten in der Reinigung und der Körperpflege zu beobachten.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass rund 50 % der exponierten Beschäftigten dieser Stichprobe sich ihrer Exposition nicht bewusst sind. Dies betrifft speziell Beschäftigte in der Reinigung und der Körperpflege. Das Underreporting von inhalativen Noxen am Arbeitsplatz gibt einen Hinweis für einen erhöhten Präventionsbedarf in dieser Branche. Demgegenüber stehen die existierenden Regeln und Vorschriften des Arbeitsschutzsystems. Abzuklären bleibt, inwieweit Wissensvermittlung sowie Präventionsregeln hinsichtlich inhalativer Noxen am Arbeitsplatz in Betrieben tatsächlich umgesetzt werden.
More than just a beer—the potential applications of by-products from beer manufacturing in polymer technology
Authors: Hejna Aleksander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBeer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world, and its popularity is continuously growing. Currently, global beer production is estimated at around 2 billion hectoliters. Nevertheless, the increasing production capacity implicates the rising issue of generated by-products—brewers’ spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast, and wastewater. They are generated in massive amounts, so having in mind the current pro-ecological trends, it is crucial to look for their utilization methods. Among the possibilities, particular attention should be drawn to polymer technology. This sector can efficiently use different lignocellulosic materials, which could be applied as fillers for polymer composites or sources of particular chemical compounds. Moreover, due to their chemical composition, brewing industry by-products may be used as functional fillers and additives. They could be introduced to enhance the materials’ resistance to oxidation, microbes, or fungi. These issues should be considered especially important in the case of biodegradable polymers, whose popularity is growing over the last years. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the composition and potential applications of the brewing industry by-products in polymer technology. Moreover, potential directions of research based on the possibilities offered by the brewing industry by-products are presented.
Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas in men with the common genitourinary diseases
Authors: Smolec Dominika , Ekiel Alicja , Kłuciński Piotr , Kawecki Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many serious and fatal infections with urogenital mycoplasmas in immunocompromised patients have been reported. M. genitalium is recognized as a cause of male urethritis and other common genitourinary diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas which can cause complications in men with common genitourinary diseases. Study included 85 men with genitourinary tract carcinoma (n = 35), urolithiasis (n = 36), and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) (n = 14). The control group consisted of 50 healthy men. FVU (first void urine) samples were examined by PCR for the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas DNA. Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly more common in study group compared with control 24/85 (28.2%) and 7/50 (14%), respectively (p = 0.05). In men with urolithiasis, positive results for mycoplasmas DNA were significantly more frequent than in control: 33.3% vs. 14% (p < 0.05). In patients with urolithiasis DNA of U. urealyticum was most often found, while in the genitourinary carcinoma and BPH groups, U. parvum was more frequent. Incidence of M. fermentans was also significantly higher in the urolithiasis group vs. control (p = 0.03). A higher percentage of positive results for urogenital mycoplasma DNA in study group has been found. Further studies are required to confirm the role of urogenital mycoplasmas in the development of infectious complications among patients with urolithiasis, genitourinary carcinoma, and BPH.
eHooke: A tool for automated image analysis of spherical bacteria based on cell cycle progression
Authors: Saraiva Bruno M. , Krippahl Ludwig , Filipe Sérgio R. , Henriques Ricardo , Pinho Mariana G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a critical tool for cell biology studies on bacterial cell division and morphogenesis. Because the analysis of fluorescence microscopy images evolved beyond initial qualitative studies, numerous images analysis tools were developed to extract quantitative parameters on cell morphology and organization. To understand cellular processes required for bacterial growth and division, it is particularly important to perform such analysis in the context of cell cycle progression. However, manual assignment of cell cycle stages is laborious and prone to user bias. Although cell elongation can be used as a proxy for cell cycle progression in rod-shaped or ovoid bacteria, that is not the case for cocci, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we describe eHooke, an image analysis framework developed specifically for automated analysis of microscopy images of spherical bacterial cells. eHooke contains a trained artificial neural network to automatically classify the cell cycle phase of individual S. aureus cells. Users can then apply various functions to obtain biologically relevant information on morphological features of individual cells and cellular localization of proteins, in the context of the cell cycle.
Kurzreview: Internistische Erkrankungen und Menopausale Hormontherapie
Authors: Birkhäuser Martin 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Postmenopausale Frauen leiden zusätzlich zu klimakterischen Beschwerden oft an internistischen Krankheiten. In diesen Fällen ist es wichtig zu wissen, wann, in welcher Form und in welcher Dosis eine menopausale Hormontherapie (MHT) verordnet werden darf und in welchen Situationen sie kontraindiziert ist. Zur Verminderung des Risikos einer MHT bei internistischen Grundkrankheiten gelten folgende Grundregeln: Sofern keine Kontraindikationen bestehen, soll die MHT innerhalb des «günstigen Fensters» begonnen werden (in einem Alter < 60 Jahren bzw. innerhalb von 10 Jahren ab Menopause). Zu bevorzugen ist eine kontinuierliche transdermale MHT. Ein First-Pass-Effekt ist bei den meisten internistischen Krankheiten unerwünscht. Zudem sollten zyklische Schwankungen der Serumspiegel vermieden und die niedrigste wirksame Dosis verwendet werden: praktisch alle bekannten Nebenwirkungen der MHT sind dosisabhängig. Metabolisch neutrale Gestagene, wie Progesteron, Dydrogesteron und Dienogest, oder transdermales Norethisteron-Azetat (NETA) sind zu bevorzugen, Medroxyprogesteron-Azetat ist hingegen zu vermeiden. Bei Unklarheiten muss das weitere Vorgehen mit dem zuständigen Internisten abgesprochen werden. Angiopathien, z. B. bei Hypertonie, systemischem Lupus erythematodes oder Diabetes mellitus, sind eine absolute Kontraindikation gegen eine MHT. Liegen keine Angiopathien vor, so ist bei diesen Erkrankungen oft eine transdermale MHT nach genauer Nutzen-Risiko-Evaluation und Rücksprache mit dem behandelnden Arzt vertretbar.
Alpine Glacier Reveals Ecosystem Impacts of Europe's Prosperity and Peril Over the Last Millennium
Authors: Brugger S. O. , Schwikowski M. , Gobet E. , Schwörer C. , Rohr C. , Sigl M. , Henne S. , Pfister C. , Jenk T. M. , Henne P. D. , Tinner W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInformation about past ecosystem dynamics and human activities is stored in the ice of Colle Gnifetti glacier in the Swiss Alps. Adverse climatic intervals incurred crop failures and famines and triggered reestablishment of forest vegetation but also societal resilience through innovation. Historical documents and lake sediments record these changes at local—regional scales but often struggle to comprehensively document continental‐scale impacts on ecosystems. Here, we provide unique multiproxy evidence of broad‐scale ecosystem, land use, and climate dynamics over the past millennium from a Colle Gnifetti microfossil and oxygen isotope record. Microfossil data indicate that before 1750 CE forests and fallow land rapidly replaced crop cultivation during historically documented societal crises caused by climate shifts and epidemics. Subsequently, with technology and the introduction of more resilient crops, European societies adapted to the Little Ice Age cold period, but resource overexploitation and industrialization led to new regional to global‐scale environmental challenges.
Modeling Ocean Color Niche Selection by Synechococcus Blue‐Green Acclimaters
Authors: Lovindeer R. , Ustick L. J. , Primeau F. , Martiny A. C. , Mackey K. R. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLight penetration through the ocean creates underwater light color niches and photosynthetic organisms use specific strategies to capture light in these niches. The selection pressure for some cyanobacteria strains in the genus Synechococcus that change color to absorb either blue or green light (chromatic acclimaters, or generalists) is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in ocean spectra brought about by mixing preferentially selects for generalists within a Synechococcus population. We investigated ocean conditions that led to high proportions of Synechococcus generalists versus specialists in a model ocean column, and compared simulations with in situ metagenomic and physical oceanographic data from major Bio‐GO‐SHIP cruises, supplemented with GEOTRACES and TARA Oceans, as well as the GOOS Argo Program and sea surface height from AVISO. We found that greater mixed layer depths selected for generalists in simulated Synechococcus populations, but did not account for much of the variance in the partitioning of light‐harvesting strategies in situ. Rather, oceanographic signatures for upwelling areas and ocean fronts explained more of the variation between Synechococcus generalists and specialists in the ocean. Our results motivate further study of the in situ light environments of upwelling zones and ocean fronts, which are currently understudied as potential light‐driven niche habitats.
Three faint-source microlensing planets detected via the resonant-caustic channel
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Kim Doeon , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Bozza Valerio , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Lee Chung-Uk , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz 
Published: September 2021

Aims. We conducted a project of reinvestigating the 2017–2019 microlensing data collected by high-cadence surveys with the aim of finding planets that were missed due to the deviations of planetary signals from the typical form of short-term anomalies.
Methods. The project led us to find three planets, KMT-2017-BLG-2509Lb, OGLE-2017-BLG-1099Lb, and OGLE-2019-BLG-0299Lb. The lensing light curves of the events have a common characteristic: the planetary signals were produced by the crossings of faint source stars over the resonant caustics formed by giant planets located near the Einstein rings of host stars.
Results. For all planetary events, the lensing solutions are uniquely determined without any degeneracy. It is estimated that the host masses are in the range of 0.45 ≲ M∕M⊙≲ 0.59, which corresponds to early M to late K dwarfs, and thus the host stars are less massive than the Sun. On the other hand, the planets, with masses in the range of 2.1 ≲ M∕MJ ≲ 6.2, are heavier than the heaviest planet of the Solar System, that is, Jupiter. The planets in all systems lie beyond the snow lines of the hosts, and thus the discovered planetary systems, together with many other microlensing planetary systems, support the idea that massive gas-giant planets are commonplace around low-mass stars. We discuss the role of late-time high-resolution imaging in clarifying resonant-image lenses with very faint sources.
Therapie der Binge-Eating-Störung
Authors: Hilbert Anja 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Binge-Eating-Störung (BES), als eigenständige Essstörung erstmals im Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual psychischer Störungen DSM-5 definiert, ist durch wiederkehrende Essanfälle ohne gewichtskompensatorische Verhaltensweisen gekennzeichnet. Die breitere Definition in der avisierten International Classification of Diseases ICD-11 wird zu Veränderungen in Präsentation und Prävalenz dieser Störung führen. Die BES tritt vor dem Hintergrund einer komplexen, multifaktoriellen Ätiologie auf und geht mit einer erhöhten Essstörungs- und allgemeinen Psychopathologie, psychischen und körperlichen Komorbidität einschließlich Adipositas und verringertem Funktionsniveau einher. Trotz dieser Beeinträchtigungen wird die BES häufig weder diagnostiziert noch behandelt. Evidenzbasierte Therapien für die BES umfassen die Psychotherapie, wobei die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie das etablierteste Verfahren darstellt, und die strukturierte Selbsthilfebehandlung. Andere Therapien wie die Pharmakotherapie, behaviorale Gewichtsreduktionstherapie und Kombinationstherapien erhielten in den aktuellen evidenzbasierten S3-Essstörungsleitlinien einen geringeren Empfehlungsgrad für spezielle Indikationen.
Ist das Testosteron-Management beim fortgeschrittenen hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom zeitgemäß?
Authors: Zastrow Stefan , Mudra Tobias Niels , Suttmann Henrik 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie hormonablative Therapie (ADT) ist beim fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Prostatakarzinom Standard. Hier wird sie entweder allein oder in Kombination mit weiteren Verfahren und Substanzen eingesetzt. Der Testosteron-Zielwert von < 50 ng/dl bzw. < 1.7 nmol/l wurde vor mehr als 40 Jahren willkürlich und sowie aufgrund, aus heutiger Sicht unsensibleren Messmethoden definiert. Seitdem sind immer mehr Daten generiert worden, die nahelegen, dass bei einem Testosteronwert < 20 ng/dl die Progression zum kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom verzögert wird. Obwohl eine Absenkung des Zielwerts vielfach schon gefordert wird, hat dies noch keinen Eingang in die Praxis gefunden. Die Messung des Testosteronwerts zur Kontrolle des Ansprechens auf eine Hormonablation gehört bisher nicht zu den regulären Kontrolluntersuchungen. Auch in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien gibt es hierzu keine konkreten Empfehlungen. Auf Basis der zunehmenden Evidenz rückt die Frage nach der klinischen Relevanz des Testosteron-Managements während der ADT immer stärker in den Fokus. Die aktuelle Datenlage hierzu soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellt werden.