bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hecke Triangle Groups, Transfer Operators and Hausdorff Dimension
Authors: Soares Louis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the family of Hecke triangle groups $$ \Gamma _{w} = \langle S, T_w\rangle $$

Γ
w

=

⟨
S
,

T
w

⟩

generated by the Möbius transformations $$ S : z\mapsto -1/z $$

S
:
z
↦
-
1
/
z

and $$ T_{w} : z \mapsto z+w $$

T
w

:
z
↦
z
+
w

with $$ w > 2.$$

w
>
2
.

In this case, the corresponding hyperbolic quotient $$ \Gamma _{w}\backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2 $$

Γ
w

\

H

2

is an infinite-area orbifold. Moreover, the limit set of $$ \Gamma _w $$

Γ
w

is a Cantor-like fractal whose Hausdorff dimension we denote by $$ \delta (w). $$

δ
(
w
)
.

The first result of this paper asserts that the twisted Selberg zeta function $$ Z_{\Gamma _{ w}}(s, \rho ) $$

Z

Γ
w

(
s
,
ρ
)

, where $$ \rho : \Gamma _{w} \rightarrow \mathrm {U}(V) $$

ρ
:

Γ
w

→
U

(
V
)

is an arbitrary finite-dimensional unitary representation, can be realized as the Fredholm determinant of a Mayer-type transfer operator. This result has a number of applications. We study the distribution of the zeros in the half-plane $$\mathrm {Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$$

Re

(
s
)

>

1
2

of the Selberg zeta function of a special family of subgroups $$( \Gamma _w^N )_{N\in {\mathbb {N}}} $$

(

Γ
w
N

)

N
∈
N

of $$\Gamma _w$$

Γ
w

. These zeros correspond to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the associated hyperbolic surfaces $$X_w^N = \Gamma _w^N \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2$$

X
w
N

=

Γ
w
N

\

H

2

. We show that the classical Selberg zeta function $$Z_{\Gamma _w}(s)$$

Z

Γ
w

(
s
)

can be approximated by determinants of finite matrices whose entries are explicitly given in terms of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic expansion for the Hausdorff dimension $$\delta (w)$$

δ
(
w
)

as $$w\rightarrow \infty $$

w
→
∞

.
The social turn of artificial intelligence
Authors: Cristianini Nello , Scantamburlo Teresa , Ladyman James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial machines are systems formed by material and human elements interacting in a structured way. The use of digital platforms as mediators allows large numbers of humans to participate in such machines, which have interconnected AI and human components operating as a single system capable of highly sophisticated behaviour. Under certain conditions, such systems can be understood as autonomous goal-driven agents. Many popular online platforms can be regarded as instances of this class of agent. We argue that autonomous social machines provide a new paradigm for the design of intelligent systems, marking a new phase in AI. After describing the characteristics of goal-driven social machines, we discuss the consequences of their adoption, for the practice of artificial intelligence as well as for its regulation.
Multifidelity domain-aware learning for the design of re-entry vehicles
Authors: Di Fiore Francesco , Maggiore Paolo , Mainini Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) of re-entry vehicles presents many challenges associated with the plurality of the domains that characterize the design problem and the multi-physics interactions. Aerodynamic and thermodynamic phenomena are strongly coupled and relate to the heat loads that affect the vehicle along the re-entry trajectory, which drive the design of the thermal protection system (TPS). The preliminary design and optimization of re-entry vehicles would benefit from accurate high-fidelity aerothermodynamic analysis, which are usually expensive computational fluid dynamic simulations. We propose an original formulation for multifidelity active learning that considers both the information extracted from data and domain-specific knowledge. Our scheme is developed for the design of re-entry vehicles and is demonstrated for the case of an Orion-like capsule entering the Earth atmosphere. The design process aims to minimize the mass of propellant burned during the entry maneuver, the mass of the TPS, and the temperature experienced by the TPS along the re-entry. The results demonstrate that our multifidelity strategy allows to achieve a sensitive improvement of the design solution with respect to the baseline. In particular, the outcomes of our method are superior to the design obtained through a single-fidelity framework, as a result of the principled selection of a limited number of high-fidelity evaluations.
No effect of 10-week training in click-based echolocation on auditory localization in people who are blind
Authors: Thaler Lore , Norman Liam J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat factors are important in the calibration of mental representations of auditory space? A substantial body of research investigating the audiospatial abilities of people who are blind has shown that visual experience might be an important factor for accurate performance in some audiospatial tasks. Yet, it has also been shown that long-term experience using click-based echolocation might play a similar role, with blind expert echolocators demonstrating auditory localization abilities that are superior to those of people who are blind and who do not use click-based echolocation by Vercillo et al. (Neuropsychologia 67: 35–40, 2015). Based on this hypothesis we might predict that training in click-based echolocation may lead to improvement in performance in auditory localization tasks in people who are blind. Here we investigated this hypothesis in a sample of 12 adult people who have been blind from birth. We did not find evidence for an improvement in performance in auditory localization after 10 weeks of training despite significant improvement in echolocation ability. It is possible that longer-term experience with click-based echolocation is required for effects to develop, or that other factors can explain the association between echolocation expertise and superior auditory localization. Considering the practical relevance of click-based echolocation for people who are visually impaired, future research should address these questions.
In-Situ Biofloc Affects the Core Prokaryotes Community Composition in Gut and Enhances Growth of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Deng Yale , Borewicz Klaudyna , van Loo Joost , Olabarrieta Marko Zabala , Kokou Fotini , Sipkema Detmer , Verdegem Marc C. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiofloc technology is commonly applied in intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture to maintain water quality, supply the fish with extra protein, and improve fish growth. However, the effect of dietary supplementation of processed biofloc on the gut prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) community composition of tilapia is not well understood. In this study one recirculating aquaculture system was used to test how biofloc, including in-situ biofloc, dietary supplementation of ex-situ live or dead biofloc, influence fish gut prokaryotic community composition and growth performance in comparison to a biofloc-free control treatment. A core gut prokaryotic community was identified among all treatments by analyzing the temporal variations in gut prokaryotes. In-situ produced biofloc significantly increased the prokaryotic diversity in the gut by reducing the relative abundance of dominant Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria. The in-situ biofloc delivered a unique prokaryotic community in fish gut, while dietary supplementation of tilapias with 5% and 10% processed biofloc (live or dead) only changed the relative abundance of minor prokaryotic taxa outside the gut core microbiota. The modulatory effect of in-situ biofloc on tilapia gut microbiota was associated with the distinct microbial community in the biofloc water and undisturbed biofloc. The growth-promoting effect on tilapia was only detected in the in-situ biofloc treatment, while dietary supplementation of processed biofloc had no effect on fish growth performance as compared to the control treatment.
Evolutions in rectal cancer MRI staging and risk stratification in The Netherlands
Authors: Bogveradze Nino , el Khababi Najim , Schurink Niels W. , van Griethuysen Joost J. M. , de Bie Shira , Bosma Gerlof , Cappendijk Vincent C. , Geenen Remy W. F. , Neijenhuis Peter , Peterson Gerald , Veeken Cornelis J. , Vliegen Roy F. A. , Maas Monique , Lahaye Max J. , Beets Geerard L. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Lambregts Doenja M. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze how the MRI reporting of rectal cancer has evolved (following guideline updates) in The Netherlands.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 712 patients (2011–2018) from 8 teaching hospitals in The Netherlands with available original radiological staging reports that were re-evaluated by a dedicated MR expert using updated guideline criteria. Original reports were classified as “free-text,” “semi-structured,” or “template” and completeness of reporting was documented. Patients were categorized as low versus high risk, first based on the original reports (high risk = cT3-4, cN+, and/or cMRF+) and then based on the expert re-evaluations (high risk = cT3cd-4, cN+, MRF+, and/or EMVI+). Evolutions over time were studied by splitting the inclusion period in 3 equal time periods.

Results
A significant increase in template reporting was observed (from 1.6 to 17.6–29.6%; p < 0.001), along with a significant increase in the reporting of cT-substage, number of N+ and extramesorectal nodes, MRF invasion and tumor-MRF distance, EMVI, anal sphincter involvement, and tumor morphology and circumference. Expert re-evaluation changed the risk classification from high to low risk in 18.0% of cases and from low to high risk in 1.7% (total 19.7%). In the majority (17.9%) of these cases, the changed risk classification was likely (at least in part) related to use of updated guideline criteria, which mainly led to a reduction in high-risk cT-stage and nodal downstaging.

Conclusion
Updated concepts of risk stratification have increasingly been adopted, accompanied by an increase in template reporting and improved completeness of reporting. Use of updated guideline criteria resulted in considerable downstaging (of mainly high-risk cT-stage and nodal stage).

Graphic abstract
A plasma fatty acid profile associated to type 2 diabetes development: from the CORDIOPREV study
Authors: Villasanta-Gonzalez Alejandro , Alcala-Diaz Juan Francisco , Vals-Delgado Cristina , Arenas Antonio Pablo , Cardelo Magdalena P. , Romero-Cabrera Juan Luis , Rodriguez-Cantalejo Fernando , Delgado-Lista Javier , Malagon Maria M. , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Schulze Matthias B. , Camargo Antonio , Lopez-Miranda Jose 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. For this reason, it is essential to identify biomarkers for the early detection of T2DM risk and/or for a better prognosis of T2DM. We aimed to identify a plasma fatty acid (FA) profile associated with T2DM development.

Methods
We included 462 coronary heart disease patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2DM at baseline. Of these, 107 patients developed T2DM according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnosis criteria after a median follow-up of 60 months. We performed a random classification of patients in a training set, used to build a FA Score, and a Validation set, in which we tested the FA Score.

Results
FA selection with the highest prediction power was performed by random survival forest in the Training set, which yielded 4 out of the 24 FA: myristic, petroselinic, α-linolenic and arachidonic acids. We built a FA Score with the selected FA and observed that patients with a higher score presented a greater risk of T2DM development, with an HR of 3.15 (95% CI 2.04–3.37) in the Training set, and an HR of 2.14 (95% CI 1.50–2.84) in the Validation set, per standard deviation (SD) increase. Moreover, patients with a higher FA Score presented lower insulin sensitivity and higher hepatic insulin resistance (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that a detrimental FA plasma profile precedes the development of T2DM in patients with coronary heart disease, and that this FA profile can, therefore, be used as a predictive biomarker.

Clinical Trials.gov.Identifier
NCT00924937.
Lifting the veil of secrecy: maternal and neonatal outcome of oocyte donation pregnancies in Germany
Authors: Altmann J. , Kummer J. , Herse F. , Hellmeyer L. , Schlembach D. , Henrich W. , Weichert A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In Germany, performing fertility procedures involving oocyte donation is illegal, as stated by the Embryo Protection Law. Nonetheless, in our clinical routine we attend to a steadily rising number of pregnant women, who have sought oocyte donation abroad. Due to the legal circumstances many women opt to keep the origin of their pregnancy a secret. However, studies have shown, that oocyte donation is an independent risk factor for the development of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes of oocyte donation pregnancies in three large obstetric care units in Berlin, Germany.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all available medical data on oocyte donation pregnancies at Charité University hospital, Vivantes Hospital Friedrichshain, and Neukoelln in the German capital.

Results
We included 115 oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies in the present study. Our data are based on 62 singleton, 44 twin, 7 triplet, and 2 quadruplet oocyte donation pregnancies. According to our data, oocyte donation pregnancies are associated with a high risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcome, i.e., hypertension in pregnancy, preterm delivery, Cesarean section as mode of delivery, and increased peripartum hemorrhage.

Conclusion
Although oocyte donation is prohibited by German law, many couples go abroad to seek reproductive measures using oocyte donation after former treatment options have failed. OD pregnancies are associated with a high risk of preeclampsia, C-section as mode of delivery, and peripartum hemorrhage. Detailed knowledge of the associated risks is of utmost importance to both the patient and the treating physician and midwife.
The societal cost of treatment-seeking patients with borderline personality disorder in Germany
Authors: Wagner Till , Assmann Nele , Köhne Sandra , Schaich Anja , Alvarez-Fischer Daniel , Borgwardt Stefan , Arntz Arnoud , Schweiger Ulrich , Fassbinder Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to previous research, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high cost-of-illness. However, there is still a shortage of cost-of-illness-studies assessing costs from a broad societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs. Further, there are considerable differences in the results among the existing studies. In the present study, 167 German men and women seeking specialized outpatient treatment for BPD were included. We assessed societal cost-of-illness bottom-up through structured face-to-face interviews and encompassed a wide range of cost components. All costs were calculated for the 2015 price level. Cost-of-illness amounted to € 31,130 per patient and year preceding disorder-specific outpatient treatment. € 17,044 (54.8%) were direct costs that were mostly related to hospital treatment. Indirect costs amounted to € 14,086 (45.2%). Within indirect costs, costs related to work disability were the most crucial cost driver. The present study underlines the tremendous economic burden of BPD. According to the present study, both the direct and indirect costs are of significant importance for the societal costs associated with BPD. Besides the need for more disorder-specific treatment facilities for men and women with BPD, we assume that education and employment are topics that should be specifically targeted and individually supported at an early stage of treatment.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration, DRKS00011534, Date of Registration: 11/01/2017, retrospectively registered.
The epidemiology of uveal melanoma in Germany: a nationwide report of incidence and survival between 2009 and 2015
Authors: Alfaar Ahmad Samir , Saad Anas , Wiedemann Peter , Rehak Matus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To calculate the overall incidence of uveal melanoma in Germany and to compare incidences in different German states. In addition, we computed the overall and cancer-specific survival rates nationwide.

Methods
Incidence data for the period between 2009 and 2015, covering the entire German population, was collected through the German Center for Cancer Registry. ICD-O-3 topography codes C69.3-C69.4 and histology codes for melanoma subtypes were used to collect the incidence data. Confidence Intervals with a level of 95% (95% CI) were calculated for rates. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier. The log-rank test was used for survival comparisons.

Results
This study comprised 3654 patients with uveal melanomas, including 467 (12.8%) with iridial and ciliary body tumors. The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 6.41 person per million. Generally, the ASIR was higher in males than females (6.67 (95% CI 6.37–6.98) vs. 6.16 (95% CI 5.88–6.45 per million). Higher crude incidence rates were noted in the northeastern states (12.5 per million (95% CI 10.5–14.7) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) compared with the southwestern states (2.1 per million (95% CI 1.7–2.6) in Hessen). The 5-year overall survival stood at 47%, while the cancer-specific survival stood at 84%. Multivariate analysis showed that women, younger patients, and patients living in Berlin achieved significantly higher overall survival.

Conclusion
Overall ASIR of uveal melanoma in Germany indicates that the disease is more common in males and that it follows the same geographical distribution previously noted in central European countries, with the highest incidence in northern parts of Germany.
Online signature verification using signature down-sampling and signer-dependent sampling frequency
Authors: Saleem Mohammad , Kovari Bence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Online signature verification considers signatures as time sequences of different measurements of the signing instrument. These signals are captured on digital devices and therefore consist of a discrete number of samples. To enrich or simplify this information, several verifiers employ resampling and interpolation as a preprocessing step to improve their results; however, their design decisions may be difficult to generalize. This study investigates the direct effect of the sampling rate of the input signals on the accuracy of online signature verification systems without using interpolation techniques and proposes a novel online signature verification system based on a signer-dependent sampling frequency. Twenty verifier configurations were created for five different public signature databases and a variety of popular preprocessing approaches and evaluated for 20–40 different sampling rates. Our results show that there is an optimal range for the sampling frequency and the number of sample points that minimizes the error rate of a verifier. A sampling frequency range of 15–50 Hz and a signature point count of 60–240 provided the best accuracies in our experiments. As expected, lower ranges showed inaccurate results; interestingly, however, higher frequencies often decreased the verification accuracy. The results show that one can achieve better or at least the same verification accuracies faster by down-sampling the online signatures before further processing. The proposed system achieved competitive results to state-of-the-art systems for different databases by using the optimal sampling frequency. We also studied the effect of choosing individual sampling frequencies for each signer and proposed a signature verification system based on signer-dependent sampling frequency. The proposed system was tested using 500 different verification methods and improved the accuracy in 92% of the test cases compared to the usage of the original frequency.
Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on low back pain intensity in chronic low back pain patients: results of the multicenter CONFI-LOMB study
Authors: Bailly Florian , Genevay Stéphane , Foltz Violaine , Bohm-Sigrand Amélie , Zagala Alain , Nizard Julien , Petit Audrey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and the extended lockdown are associated with numerous changes in behavior and lifestyles. The objective was to assess the impact of the first lockdown on LBP course among chronic LBP patients.

Methods
Descriptive and analytical, cross-sectional, multicenter study, conducted by questionnaire from mid-May to end of June 2020 among patients treated for chronic LBP in 6 French and 1 Swiss center. Collected data concerned changes in LBP intensity during lockdown, lockdown experience, physical activity (PA) practice and sedentary lifestyle prior and during lockdown, recourse to care, consumption of psychoactive substances for LBP, and professional activity and its conditions during lockdown.

Results
360 participants (58.6% women, 52.1 ± 13.4 years) were included of which 65% were active (63% keep on working of which 54% teleworked). LBP got worse in 41.1%, mean VAS went from 49.5 ± 21.6 before to 53.5 ± 22.4 during lockdown (p < 0.001) and needed increase of treatment by 29% but very few people increased their consumption psychoactive substances for analgesia. Half of participants had well-experienced lockdown. Findings revealed a significant decrease in PA and increase of sedentary during lockdown (p < 0.0001). Good experience of lockdown was associated with LBP improvement (OR = 0.6 [0.3–0.9]) and decrease of PA with LBP worsening (OR = 1.9 [1.1–3.2]). Teleworking was also associated with LBP worsening. Gender, age, or BMI did not influence LBP course.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that chronic LBP people suffered from increase in self-perceived LBP during lockdown and help to better understand the factors associated with their condition.
Compositional learning of mutually recursive procedural systems
Authors: Frohme Markus , Steffen Bernhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a compositional approach to active automata learning of Systems of Procedural Automata (SPAs), an extension of Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) to systems of DFAs that can mutually call each other. SPAs are of high practical relevance, as they allow one to efficiently learn intuitive recursive models of recursive programs after an easy instrumentation that makes calls and returns observable. Key to our approach is the simultaneous inference of individual DFAs for each of the involved procedures via expansion and projection: membership queries for the individual DFAs are expanded to membership queries of the entire SPA, and global counterexample traces are transformed into counterexamples for the DFAs of concerned procedures. This reduces the inference of SPAs to a simultaneous inference of the DFAs for the involved procedures for which we can utilize various existing regular learning algorithms. The inferred models are easy to understand and allow for an intuitive display of the procedural system under learning that reveals its recursive structure. We implemented the algorithm within the LearnLib framework in order to provide a ready-to-use tool for practical application which is publicly available on GitHub for experimentation.