bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the oldest fossil subfamily of Limoniidae (Diptera, Architipulinae) in the light of exceptionally preserved Mesozoic material
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Coram Robert A. , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on known fossil evidence the extinct subfamily Architipulinae is considered to be the oldest evolutionary group of the Limoniidae, the largest family within the infraorder Tipulomorpha. The morphology of this subfamily, which includes 11 genera, has so far been based mainly on wing venation. New well-preserved representatives of the genus Cretolimonia Kalugina, 1986 were recovered from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary of Shevia and Daya, Transbaikalia, as well as from mid-Cretaceous amber from Kachin, Myanmar. This new material enriches our knowledge of the subfamily Architipulinae and of the genus Cretolimonia, and allows us to ascertain the detailed morphological structure of the female copulatory apparatus with spermathecae and the structure of the male hypopygium. The combination of detailed impression fossils with a specimen preserved three-dimensionally in resin has permitted study of the morphology of this Mesozoic fly genus almost to the level of modern genera. The paper includes descriptions of four new species of Cretolimonia: C. lukashevichae sp. nov., C. pseudojurassica sp. nov., C. dayana sp. nov. from sedimentary rocks, and C. mikolajczyki sp. nov. from Myanmar amber, supported with a key to all known species.
Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults
Authors: Mu Xuanwen , Yu Kuai , Long Pinpin , Niu Rundong , Li Wending , Chen Huiting , Gao Hui , Li Xingxing , Yuan Yu , Yang Handong , Zhang Xiaomin , He Mei-an , Liu Gang , Guo Huan , Wu Tangchun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5–37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.
Great tits feed their nestlings with more but smaller prey items and fewer caterpillars in cities than in forests
Authors: Sinkovics Csenge , Seress Gábor , Pipoly Ivett , Vincze Ernő , Liker András 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapidly increasing urbanisation is one of the most significant anthropogenic environmental changes which can affect demographic traits of animal populations, for example resulting in reduced reproductive success. The food limitation hypothesis suggests that the shortage of high-quality nestling food in cities is a major factor responsible for the reduced reproductive performance in insectivorous birds. To study this explanation, we collected data on the parental provisioning behaviour of urban and forest great tits (Parus major) in three years that varied both in caterpillar availability (the main food of great tit nestlings) and in reproductive success of the birds. In all years, urban parents provisioned caterpillars in a smaller proportion to their nestlings, but the total amount of food per nestling (estimated by the volumes of all prey items) did not differ between habitats. In the two years with much lower reproductive success in urban than forest habitats, urban parents had higher provisioning rates, but provided more non-arthropod food and brought smaller prey items than forest parents. In the year with reduced habitat difference in reproductive success, urban parents were able to compensate for the scarcity of caterpillars by provisioning other arthropods rather than non-arthropod food, and by delivering larger preys than in the other years. Specifically, in this latter year, caterpillars provisioned by urban pairs were cc. twice as large as in the other two years, and were similar in size to caterpillars provisioned in the forest broods. These results show that although urban great tit parents can provide the same quantity of food per nestling as forest parents by reducing their brood size and increasing the per capita feeding rates for nestlings, they cannot compensate fully for the scarcity of high-quality preys (caterpillars) in poor years. In some years, however, favourable conditions for urban caterpillar development can greatly reduce food limitation in cities, allowing urban birds to achieve higher reproductive success. We suggest that urban green areas designed and managed in a way to facilitate conditions for phytophagous arthropods could improve habitat quality for urban birds.
Functional and structural analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the MYB oncoproteins associated with human cancer
Authors: Lim Shu Wen , Tan Kennet JunKai , Azuraidi Osman Mohd , Sathiya Maran , Lim Ee Chen , Lai Kok Song , Yap Wai-Sum , Afizan Nik Abd Rahman Nik Mohd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMYB proteins are highly conserved DNA-binding domains (DBD) and mutations in MYB oncoproteins have been reported to cause aberrant and augmented cancer progression. Identification of MYB molecular biomarkers predictive of cancer progression can be used for improving cancer management. To address this, a biomarker discovery pipeline was employed in investigating deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in predicting damaging and potential alterations on the properties of proteins. The nsSNP of the MYB family;MYB,MYBL1, andMYBL2was extracted from the NCBI database. Five in silico tools (PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, SNPs&GO and PhD-SNP) were utilized to investigate the outcomes of nsSNPs. A total of 45 nsSNPs were predicted as high-risk and damaging, and were subjected to PMut and I-Mutant 2.0 for protein stability analysis. This resulted in 32 nsSNPs with decreased stability with a DDG score lower than − 0.5, indicating damaging effect. G111S, N183S, G122S, and S178C located within the helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain were predicted to be conserved, further posttranslational modifications and 3-D protein analysis indicated these nsSNPs to shift DNA-binding specificity of the protein thus altering the protein function. Findings from this study would help in the field of pharmacogenomic and cancer therapy towards better intervention and management of cancer.
Offline low-frequency rTMS of the primary and premotor cortices does not impact motor sequence memory consolidation despite modulation of corticospinal excitability
Authors: Psurek Felix , King Bradley Ross , Classen Joseph , Rumpf Jost-Julian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMotor skills are acquired and refined across alternating phases of practice (online) and subsequent consolidation in the absence of further skill execution (offline). Both stages of learning are sustained by dynamic interactions within a widespread motor learning network including the premotor and primary motor cortices. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and its interaction with the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor memory consolidation. Forty-eight healthy human participants (age 22.1 ± 3.1 years) were assigned to three different groups corresponding to either low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of left dPMC, rTMS of left M1, or sham rTMS. rTMS was applied immediately after explicit motor sequence training with the right hand. Motor evoked potentials were recorded before training and after rTMS to assess potential stimulation-induced changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants were retested on motor sequence performance after eight hours to assess consolidation. While rTMS of dPMC significantly increased CSE and rTMS of M1 significantly decreased CSE, no CSE modulation was induced by sham rTMS. However, all groups demonstrated similar significant offline learning indicating that consolidation was not modulated by the post-training low-frequency rTMS intervention despite evidence of an interaction of dPMC and M1 at the level of CSE. Motor memory consolidation ensuing explicit motor sequence training seems to be a rather robust process that is not affected by low-frequency rTMS-induced perturbations of dPMC or M1. Findings further indicate that consolidation of explicitly acquired motor skills is neither mediated nor reflected by post-training CSE.
Partial transmit sequence based on discrete particle swarm optimization with threshold about PAPR reduction in FBMC/OQAM system
Authors: Li Lei , Xue Lunsheng , Chen Xihong , Yuan Dizhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPartial transmit sequence (PTS) is an effective method to reduce the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, but it is not suitable for the filter bank multi‐carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) system because of the overlapping structure of FBMC/OQAM signals. And PTS needs the traversal method to search for the optimal solution, which will increase the complexity of the system. To overcome this shortcoming, a PTS based on discrete particle swarm optimization with threshold (PTS‐DPSO‐TH) is proposed and applied to FBMC/OQAM system in this paper. PTS‐DPSO‐TH uses discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) to search for the optimal solution, effectively reducing the excessively high PAPR of the FBMC/OQAM system and avoiding the increase of system complexity. Secondly, the threshold is introduced to decrease the number of iterations and further reduce the system's complexity on the premise of guaranteeing the performance of PAPR reduction. Furthermore, through simulation, the effects of multiple parameters on PAPR reduction performance of PTS‐DPSO‐TH are compared and analysed.
A novel light field compression framework with hybrid residue transform mechanism
Authors: Huang Xinpeng , An Ping , Yang Chao , Shen Liquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo meet the challenge of compressing the vast light field data, many prediction‐based algorithms achieve satisfactory results. Although these algorithms remove most redundancy through angular prediction, they rarely develop the suitable de‐correlation solutions for the prediction residue, leading to a large gap for higher compression performance. Therefore, this letter proposes a hybrid residue transform (HRT) mechanism to fully exploit the correlations in prediction residue for a three‐layer hierarchical light field compression. Specifically, the prediction residue is hierarchically generated from the authors' three‐layer structure. Besides, considering the high‐dimensional feature of light field residue, the high‐dimensional transforms, including 3D and 4D discrete cosine transforms, are alternately utilized to make the energy of the residue more compact. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Design of 18–40 GHz GaN reactive matching power amplifiers using one‐order and two‐order synthesised transformer networks
Authors: Chen Yang , Wu Yunqiu , Luo Liwei , Wang Qiyu , Zhang Yong , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin , Xu Yuehang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA reactive matching (RM) power amplifier (PA) can achieve higher efficiency than a distributed amplifier (DA). In this paper, RM PAs that cover 18–40 GHz are proposed by using one‐order and two‐order synthesised transformer networks (STNs) with GaN on Si technology. In this band, the PAs can provide ≥30 dBm and ≥31.9 dBm output power, with power‐added efficiency (PAE) of ≥17% and ≥15% in the continuous mode, respectively. Further, STNs are analysed using the transmission poles method (TPM) instead of the resonant frequency method (RFM). Thus, the limitations of output power and bandwidth are comprehensively derived. In the one‐order STN, the impedance transformation ratio (T1N) has a maximum value (TMAX_1N), limiting the output power. A two‐order STN is proposed, and the impedance transformation ratio maximum (TMAX_2N) can be improved to (TMAX_1N)2. The result of this paper will be helpful for wideband high‐power amplifier applications.
Establishment of the Carrot-Made LTB-Syn Antigen Cell Line in Shake Flask and Airlift Bioreactor Cultures
Authors: Carreño-Campos Christian , Arevalo-Villalobos Jaime I. , Villarreal María Luisa , Ortiz-Caltempa Anabel , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCarrot (Daucus carota) cells have been used to effectively manufacture recombinant biopharmaceuticals such as cytokines, vaccines, and antibodies. We generated the carrot cell line Z4, genetically modified to produce the LTB-Syn antigen, which is a fusion protein proposed for immunotherapy against synucleinopathies. In this work, the Z4 cell suspension line was cultivated to produce the LTB-Syn protein in a 250 mL shake flask and 2 L airlift bioreactor cultures grown for 45 and 30 days, respectively. Maximum biomass was obtained on day 15 in both the airlift bioreactor (35.00 ± 0.04 g/L DW) and shake flasks (17.00 ± 0.04 g/L DW). In the bioreactor, the highest LTB-Syn protein yield (1.52 ± 0.03 µg/g FW) was obtained on day 15; while the same occurred on day 18 for shake flasks (0.92 ± 0.02 µg/g FW). LTB-Syn protein levels were analyzed by GM1-ELISA and western blot. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the transgene in the Z4 line. The obtained data demonstrate
that the carrot Z4 cell suspension line grown in airlift bioreactors shows promise for a scale-up cultivation producing an oral LTB-Syn antigen.
Endoscopic submucosal resection: a technique using novel devices for incision and resection of neoplastic lesions
Authors: Metter Klaus , Aepli Patrick , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig , Hayee Bu'Hussain , Grund Karl-Ernst , Farin Günter , Frei Remus 
Published: December 2021

Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are established techniques for treatment of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasia. Limitations of EMR are low en bloc resection rates for larger lesions, resulting in frequent recurrences. Major disadvantages of ESD are technical difficulty and long procedure times. We evaluated technical feasibility and safety of newly designed devices for en bloc resection of lesions measuring 20–40 mm in a technique called endoscopic submucosal resection (ESR).
Methods This case series included 93 lesions from different locations (11 stomach, 25 colon, 57 rectum) with a median size of 29 mm (range 10–70). ESR was performed using two novel instruments for circumferential mucosal incision and deep submucosal resection, respectively.
Results Resection by ESR was feasible in all cases. En bloc and R0 rates were insufficient when ESR was attempted without prior circumferential mucosal incision, but were 70 % and 63 %, respectively, when mucosal incision was done before application of the submucosal resection device. We observed three complications (two delayed bleedings, one microperforation) but no cases of emergency surgery or 30-day mortality.
Conclusions Results demonstrated feasibility and excellent safety of ESR using two novel devices for en bloc resection of early gastrointestinal neoplasia. The technique offered relative technical ease and high efficacy.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Nam Hannah H. , Ison Michael G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus that can result in epidemics of seasonal respiratory infections. Generally, one of the two genotypes (A and B) predominates in a single season and alternate annually with regional variation. RSV is a known cause of disease and death at both extremes of ages in the pediatric and elderly, as well as immunocompromised populations. The clinical impact of RSV on the hospitalized adults has been recently clarified with the expanded use of multiplex molecular assays. Among adults, RSV can produce a wide range of clinical symptoms due to upper respiratory tract infections potentially leading to severe lower respiratory tract infections, as well as exacerbations of underlying cardiac and lung diseases. While supportive care is the mainstay of therapy, there are currently multiple therapeutic and preventative options under development.
Temporal Trend in SARS-CoV-2 Symptoms in Pregnant Women
Authors: London Viktoriya , Blitz Matthew J. , Solmonovich Rachel , Silver Michael , Minkoff Howard 
Published: December 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to examine temporal trends in the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pregnancy.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who were universally screened for SARS-CoV-2 and tested positive. This multi-center study of admissions to labor and delivery units in New York City and Long Island included all SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery units between April 10th and June 4th 2020. Six Northwell Health hospitals and Maimonides Medical Center were included in the study. The main measures of the study included patient reports of COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The main outcome measure was the percentage of all infected women who reported any of the above symptoms.
Results In total, 427 infected pregnant women were included in the study. There was a statistically significant decline in the percentage of patients presenting with any symptoms over the course of the study. In addition, disease severity, symptoms of fever, cough, and chest pain/shortness of breath also significantly declined over time, and no ICU admissions were noted after the third week of April.
Conclusion There was a temporal shift away from symptomatic presentation in pregnant women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 over the course of the first months of the epidemic in New York. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the cause of this change in presentation among pregnant women, to determine whether this trend is also observed in other patient populations.
Key Points
Evaluation of a Symptom-Based Algorithm for Managing Battery Ingestions in Children
Authors: Fraser James A. , Briggs Kayla B. , Svetanoff Wendy Jo , Attard Thomas M. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. , St Peter Shawn D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectives While complications from battery ingestion can be severe, especially with the emergence of stronger battery elements, not all ingestions require prompt removal. We aim to evaluate a symptom-focused algorithm for battery ingestion that emphasizes observation over intervention to investigate its safety.Materials and Methods Patients were identified through a query of foreign-body ingestion radiographs obtained between 2017 and 2020. A retrospective chart review was then performed of all patients who presented with button battery ingestions to identify compliance with our algorithm, overall outcomes, and complications.Results In total, 2% of all radiographs (44/2,237) demonstrated button battery ingestions. The median age of patients was 3.8 years (interquartile range, 2.6–5.3). Most batteries were found in the stomach (64%, n = 28), but were also identified in the esophagus (14%, n = 6), small bowel (14%, n = 6), and colon (9%, n = 4). All esophageal batteries were managed with immediate endoscopic retrieval. Ten gastric batteries were not managed per protocol, with seven admitted for observation despite being asymptomatic and repeat abdominal X-rays demonstrating persistent gastric location of the battery. Four patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy; however, in two patients the battery had migrated past the stomach prior to intervention. All small bowel batteries and three of four asymptomatic colon batteries were managed per protocol; one patient had additional imaging that demonstrated battery passage.Conclusion Adherence to a symptom-focused protocol for conservative management of button battery ingestions beyond the gastroesophageal junction is safe and frequently does not require admission, serial imaging, or intervention.
Constraints to urban agriculture in southeast Nigeria
Authors: Olumba Chukwudi Charles , Olumba Cynthia Nneka , Alimba Jonathan Okechukwu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUrban agriculture (UA) is promoted as a viable strategy to support the food demands of the increasing urban population in the global south. However, UA faces severe constraints that could undermine this potential. To sustain urban food production, there is a research need to identify the main factors deterring UA activities. This study, therefore, aims to examine the constraints faced by urban farmers in carrying out their UA production activities. Two hundred and eighty urban farmers selected through a multi-stage sampling technique were used for the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire/interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics and principal component analysis (PCA). The study shows that the urban farmers were engaged in four main types of agro-enterprises. They include crop production, livestock production, agro-processing, and the supply of farming inputs. The majority of the UA farmers indicated that they were into maize production (75%), poultry production (60%), and 25% were into fish farming. The PCA result suggests three key constraints to UA, namely infrastructural constraints, socio-economic/environmental constraints, and institutional constraints. For UA in southeast Nigeria to reach its full potential, the study recommends proactive policy responses in support of UA. Also required is infrastructural support in terms of good road networks and marketing facilities to best support UA activities.
Transcriptional network orchestrating regional patterning of cortical progenitors
Authors: Ypsilanti Athéna R. , Pattabiraman Kartik , Catta-Preta Rinaldo , Golonzhka Olga , Lindtner Susan , Tang Ke , Jones Ian R. , Abnousi Armen , Juric Ivan , Hu Ming , Shen Yin , Dickel Diane E. , Visel Axel , Pennacchio Len A. , Hawrylycz Michael , Thompson Carol L. , Zeng Hongkui , Barozzi Iros , Nord Alex S. , Rubenstein John L. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Development of cortical areas begins in cortical stem cells through the action of morphogens controlling the graded expression of transcription factors (TFs). Here, we have systematically identified the TFs and gene regulatory elements (REs) that together control regional pattering of the cortical progenitor zone; these data have led us to propose a cortical regionalization TF network. To identify REs active in this network, we performed TF chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and chromatin-looping conformation experiments as well as assays for epigenomic marks and DNA accessibility in purified ventricular zone (VZ) progenitor cells in wild-type and patterning mutant mice. This integrated approach has laid the foundations to identify a TF network and cortical VZ REs involved in cortical regional patterning.