bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiking PID Control Applied in the Van de Vusse Reaction
Authors: Márquez-Vera Carlos Antonio , Yakoub Zaineb , Márquez Vera Marco Antonio , Ma'arif Alfian 
Published: December 2021

Artificial neural networks (ANN) can approximate signals and give interesting results in pattern recognition; some works use neural networks for control applications. However, biological neurons do not generate similar signals to the obtained by ANN. The spiking neurons are an interesting topic since they simulate the real behavior depicted by biological neurons. This paper employed a spiking neuron to compute a PID control, which is further applied to the Van de Vusse reaction. This reaction, as the inverse pendulum, is a benchmark used to work with systems that has inverse response producing the output to undershoot. One problem is how to code information that the neuron can interpret and decode the peak generated by the neuron to interpret the neuron's behavior. In this work, a spiking neuron is used to compute a PID control by coding in time the peaks generated by the neuron. The neuron has as synaptic weights the PID gains, and the peak observed in the axon is the coded control signal. The neuron adaptation tries to obtain the necessary weights to generate the peak instant necessary to control the chemical reaction. The simulation results show the possibility of using this kind of neuron for control issues and the possibility of using a spiking neural network to overcome the undershoot obtained due to the inverse response of the chemical reaction.
Comparison of the Effectiveness 3% Tranexamic Acid Cream Versus 4% Hydroquinone Cream for Treatment of Epidermal Type Melasma
Authors: Marpaung Hartika Ketty , Theresia L. Toruan  , Yuli Kurniawati  , Theodorus  
Published: December 2021

Background: Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis in areas that are exposed to sun. especially in face. Severity of melasma is measured using modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) and Melanin Index (MI). Hydroquinone (HQ) is an effective drug and also a gold standard in terms of melasma treatment. However. thedrawback of hydroquinone is the treatment duration which is quite long. the occurence of side effects. and also recurrence potential. Several recent studies shows that one of the anti-pigmentation agent options. the tranexamic acid (TA). is able to prevent melanocyte activation. The results of various studies found that the use of TA showed a significant improvement in MASI scores.
Objective: To compare the effectivity of 3% TA cream with 4% HQ cream as an alternative therapy in epidermal type melasma treatment.
Methods: A double-blind. matched. randomized clinical trial was conducted during July 2019 until August 2019 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Subjects were divided into two groups. The first group. consists of 30 participants. get 3% TA cream; and the second group. consists of 30 participants. get 4% HQ cream. Subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was included through a simple randomization. Study subjects wer given random cream pot (with label A or B on it) according to the result of simple randomization. Finally. every subjects’ melasma severity was measured using mMASI and mexameter ® .
Results: There were differences in terms of baseline. 4 th weeks and 8 th weeks after treatment mMASI scores in 3% TA and 4% HQ group. At 8 th week. the mMASI score the 3% TA group was lower than 4% HQ group. There was no differences in baseline. 4 th weeks and 8 th after treatment MI between the two groups. Melanin index for 3% TA group was lower than 4% HQ group.
Conclusion: Three-percent TA cream and 4% HQ cream is effective in decreasing mMASI score and MI in epidermal type melasma. There were differences in terms of the mMASI score during the 8th week after treatment between 3% TA and 4% HQ group.
A Case of Whistle as Foreign Body in Trachea
Authors: Zuleika Puspa 
Published: December 2021

Background. Most of foreign body aspiration cases are found in children under the age of fifteen. Pediatric patients often presents with non-food foreign body aspiration, such as toys. The most common clinical manifestation are history of choking following foreign object insertion into the mouth (85%), paroxysmal cough (59%), wheezing (57%) and airway obstruction (5%).
Case presentation. Main principle of airway foreign body extraction is to do it immediately in the most optimal condition with slightest possible trauma. Rigid bronchoscopy is a suitable choice for tracheal foreign body extraction. We reported a case of seven years old male with tracheal foreign body presented with history of whistle ingestion five hours prior to admission. This patient was discharged from hospital after third days of rigid bronchoscopy procedure.
Conclusion. History of foreign body aspiration in children should be suspected as a tracheobronchial foreign body. Rigid bronchoscopy is preferred to extract foreign bodies present in the trachea. The prognosis for tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration is good if the foreign body is treated early and without complications.
Keterampilan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Kajian Historis Islam
Authors: Alhawari Sarah Rifat , Rahman Imas Kania , Ramly Amir Tengku 
Published: December 2021

<p><em>The emergence of various understandings around women who present new figures makes it seem as if they have lost the figure of Qudwah for Muslim women. </em><em>A</em><em>ll the roles that Islam has given to women, require them to have some special skills related to Islamic leadership</em><em>. The roles</em><em> will affect themselves, their families, and the communit</em><em>ies</em><em>. This study aims to revive the figure of Muslim women in the study of Islamic </em><em>h</em><em>istory in order to fill the Qudwah void in women t</em><em>hese days</em><em>. </em><em>By doing this study, </em><em>it is hoped that women will understand more about the nature and role of women in Islam. This research </em><em>i</em><em>s</em><em> a</em><em> library research method wh</em><em>ich</em><em> the researcher tries to study the related literature. This study succeeded in revealing the figure of women in Islamic History who were able to apply leadership skills without</em><em> getting out of context of</em><em> being a woman; which will be useful for character development for the woman herself. </em></p>
Ultrasonografi Obstetri Dalam Prespektif Medis, Kaidah Bioetika Dan Islam
Authors: Mappaware Nasrudin A , Syahril Erlin , Latief Shofiyah , Irsandi Feby , Mursyid Muhammad , Utami Dian Fahmi , Ananda Fadli 
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: USG (ultrasonografi) sangat populer digunakan untuk memantau kondisi janin, perkembangan kehamilan, persiapan persalinan, dan masalah-masalah lain.Ultrasonografi adalah alat pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan ultrasound (gelombang suara) yang dipancarkan oleh transduser.
Objektif: Perempuan umur 39 tahun G4P3A0 gravid 22 minggu 2 hari datang untuk kontrol kehamilan. Keluhan saat ini tidak ada. Dan dilakukan pemeriksaan USG oleh dokter spesialis laki-laki.
Metode: Laporan kasus
Results: Secara medis pemeriksaan USG merupakan pemeriksaan yang tepat dalam menunjang diagnosis kehamilan dengan berbagai keuntungannya secara efektif dan efisien. Berdasarkan kaidah bioetika, semua prinsip kaidah dasar bioetika telah dilaksanakan sesuai prinsip autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence dan justice. Berdasarkan “four boxes” prinsip medical indication, patient prefferences, quality of life dan contextual features dijalankan sebagaimana mestinya. Dan berdasarkan kaidah islam, dokter yang dikenal dengan kebaikannya serta dengan takwa kepada Allah SWT telah menjalankan tugasnya sesuai syarat dan ketentuan dalam islam.
Kesimpulan: Perspektif medis, bioetika dan islam adalah metode untuk menyelesaikan berbagai dilema etik.
Peranan Kurkuma Pada Karsinoma Kolorektal
Authors: Safitri Asrini 
Published: December 2021

Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang terjadi pada mukosa kolon di mana penyakit ini mempunyai angka morbiditas dan mor-talitas yang tinggi. Insidensi puncak untuk kanker kolorektal adalah usia 60 hingga 70 tahun. Kurang dari 20% kasus terjadi pada usia kurang dari 40 tahun, dan bila ditemukan pada usia muda perlu dicurigai adanya kolitis ulseratif atau salah satu dari sindrom poliposis.Sekitar 70–75% kanker kolorektal terletak pada daerah rektosigmoid. Keadaan ini sesuai dengan lokasi polip kolitis ulserativa di mana hampir 95% lokasi polip kolitis ulseratif berada di daerah rektum.Secara umum kanker selalu dihubungkan dengan bahan-bahan kimia, bahan-bahan radioaktif dan virus.Umumnya perkembangan kanker kolorektal merupakan interaksi antara faktor lingkungan dan faktor genetik serta dihubungkan juga dengan faktor predisposisi diet rendah serat, kenaikan berat badan dan konsumsi alkohol..
Kurkuminoid atau kurkumin sebagai komponen yang utama dalam jenis kurkuma.Sifat anti inflamasi kurkumin dengan cara menghambat produksi IL-1, IL-6 dan TNF-α dan merangsang sekresi IL-10. Penelitian mengenai farmakodinamik dan farmakokinetik dari dosis kurkumin yang diberikan pada manusia, bahwa pemberian ekstrak kurkuma dalam bentuk kapsul dosis antara 440 sampai 2200 mg/hari yang mengandung 36-180 mg kurkumin aman pada manusia. Pemberian kurkuma sebanyak 12 gram tidak menimbulkan efek yang merugikan pada manusia.
Aktivitas antioksidan dan penangkap radikal kurkumin mengindikasikan hubungannya sebagai penghambat proses karsinogenesis kanker. Aktivitasnya sebagai antiinflamasi yaitu sebagai inhibitor enzim siklooksigenase memiliki kaitan dengan aktivitanya sebagai antikanker terutama kanker kolon. Kurkumin juga aktif dalam menghambat proses karsinogenesis pada tahap inisiasi dan promosi atau progesi juga memiliki efek memacu proses apoptosis yaitu suatu proses alami kematian sel dalam rangka mempertahankan integritas sel.
Pengaruh Air Mengunakan Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Pada Campuran Beton Aspal Berdasarkan Uji Cantabro Dan Indirect Tensile Strength
Authors: Iduwin Tommy , Mayasari Devita , Yuhanah Tri 
Published: December 2021

The impact of RAP on water was identified to be analyzed for the material's resistance to water because there are still a lot of waterlogged pavements in Indonesia. This research uses RAP variation 0%, 25% and 35%. The test is the Marshall test to get the optimum asphalt content value, the Cantabro test to determine the weight loss for 300 rounds and the durability by varying the immersion 0.1, 2, 4 and 7 days which will be tested for ITS. The KAO value obtained for each variation is 5.4% for 0% Rap, 5.6 for 25% Rap and 6% for 35% RAP. The results of the Cantabro test show that the largest percentage of weight loss is a mixture of 35% RAP which is 12.54%, where for 0% RAP there is a weight loss of 10.85% and at 25% RAP there is a weight loss of 11.66%. ITS test results have the highest value with variations of RAP 0%, RAP 25% and RAP 35%. variations of 0%, 25% and 35% showed a decreasing trend until the 7th day of immersion, it can be said that in the three variations the ITS value was influenced by the duration of continuous immersion.
Keywords: RAP, AC-WC, Marshall, Cantabro, Indirect Tensile Strength
Monitoring Kualitas Air Berbasis Smart System Untuk Ketersediaan Air Bersih Desa Ciaruteun Ilir, Kec. Cibungbulang, Kab. Bogor
Authors: Jatnika Hendra 
Published: December 2021

Desa Ciaruteun Ilir, Kecamatan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor terletak di sebelah barat Kabupaten Bogor berjarak kurang lebih 6 km ke ibukota kecamatan. Desa ini mengalami kesulitan air bersih yang layak konsumsi padahal wilayah desa ini memiliki sungai yang cukup baik tetapi banyak dipenuhi oleh kotoran sampah. Sekalipun sungai tersebut kotor, masyarakat masih ada yang menggunakannya untuk mandi. Ada juga masyarakat yang membuat sumur, namun kualitas airnya belum terjamin untuk layak dikonsumsi, akibatnya banyak masyarakat yang terkena penyakit perut dan kulit. Sistem monitoring yang dapat memantau kualitas air saat ini telah menjadi kebutuhan yang mendesak bagi penduduk desa. Sistem yang dirancang mengunakan metode kombinasi pembuatan prototipe perangkat teknologi. Pengujian terhadap model kerja dari aplikasi dan perangkat ini melalui proses interaksi yang berulang-ulang antara peneliti dengan penduduk desa. Perangkat teknologi yang dirancang menggunakan perangkat/alat pendeksi yang dikoneksikan dengan aplikasi android atau perangkat komputer sehingga pengguna dapat menggunakannya baik secara realtime maupun mobile melakukan monitoring dan mengambil keputusan terhadap penggunaan air untuk kesehatannya.
Comparison of Three Complementary Analytical Techniques for the Evaluation of the Biosimilar Comparability of a Monoclonal Antibody and an Fc-Fusion Protein
Authors: Demelenne Alice , Ben Yahia Arij , Lempereur Delphine , Crommen Jacques , Servais Anne-Catherine , Fradi Ines , Fillet Marianne 
Published: December 2021

In this work, a monoclonal antibody, adalimumab, and an Fc-fusion protein, etanercept, were studied and compared to one of their biosimilars. Samples submitted to stress conditions (agitation and high temperature) were used for method development. The developed methods were also applied to samples reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol to evaluate their capability to distinguish the expected species. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) methods coupled with UV detection were used to analyze the biopharmaceuticals. Their complementarity was investigated. For further molecular weight determination, SEC-multi angle light scattering and RPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight were occasionally used. For adalimumab, a larger amount of fragments and aggregates was observed in the biosimilar compared with the reference product. For etanercept, more related species were found in the reference product. Those three separation techniques showed good complementarity. Indeed, RPLC enabled the separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic degradation products. CGE provided good selectivity for several adalimumab fragments, and SEC was useful for the analysis of aggregates and certain fragments that cannot be separated by the other approaches. Moreover, those formulations were submitted to mild stress conditions (30°C, 300 rpm for 4 h) that mimic shipping conditions. No additional peak was found under these conditions for the two studied biopharmaceuticals.
Inflammatory Cells Accelerated Carotid Artery Calcification via MMP9: Evidences From Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Liang Xiaobing , He Wanbing , Zhang Hua , Luo Dongling , Zhang Zhengzhipeng , Liu Aiting , Wang Jinkai , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2021

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is an important predictor of prognosis in atherosclerosis, the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is thought to be a process of VC. However, the implications and potential mechanisms for VSMCs phenotypic transition remain unknown.Methods: To study the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the calcification early period, we analyzed single-cell sequencing data from carotid artery calcified core and paracellular tissue, based on the results of enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. Upstream transcription factors were tracked and finally the results were validated using the MESA database.Results: We successfully identified a subpopulation of inflammatory macrophage-like VSMCs and determined that MMP9 is an important factor in the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. We found that RELA regulates MMP9 expression and that knockdown of RELA attenuated MMP9 expression and reduced the expression of BMP2 and the macrophage marker LGALS3 in vascular smooth muscle in inflammatory states, while serum levels of MMP9 correlated significantly with the inflammatory response.Conclusion: This study reveals that the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs can be regulated by modulating MMP9, providing a new idea for the early treatment of VC.
Long-Term Outcomes of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Treatment of Angiitis-Induced No-Option Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Jiang Xiaolang , Liu Hao , Pan Tianyue , Gu Shiyang , Fang Yuan , Wei Zheng , Fang Gang , Chen Bin , Jiang Junhao , Shi Yun , Liu Peng , Fu Weiguo , Dong Zhihui 
Published: December 2021

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) showed encouraging short outcomes in the treatment of angiitis-induced no-option critical limb-threatening ischemia (AICLTI) in the pilot study. This study aimed to demonstrate the long-term outcomes of this treatment.Methods: From May 2014 to December 2018, patients diagnosed with AICLTI and treated by autotransplantation of PBMNCs in our center were enrolled and analyzed. The primary endpoint was major amputation-free survival (MAFS), the secondary endpoints included peak pain-free walking time (PPFWT), Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale score (WFPRSS), labor recovery, ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous partial oxygen pressure (TcpO2), and SF-36v2 scores.Results: A total of 58 patients were enrolled. During a minimal follow-up of 36 months, the MAFS was 93.1% and the labor competence restored rate was 62.1%. The WFPRSS was decreased from 8.7 ± 1.6 to 1.6 ± 3.2, and PPFWT was significantly improved from 2.9 ± 4.2 min to 16.6 ± 6.9 min. The quality of life was also significantly improved at each follow-up point. Perfusion evaluating parameters, such as ABI and TcPO2, were also significantly improved. No critical adverse event was observed during the treatment and follow-up period.Conclusions: The treatment of AICLTI by autotransplantation of PBMNCs demonstrated encouraging long-term results. It could not only restore labor competence, improve the quality of life, but also significantly reduce the major amputation rate.
Is Coronary Artery Ectasia a Progressive Disease? A Self-Controlled Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Ruifeng , Zhao Huiqiang , Gao Xiangyu , Liang Siwen 
Published: December 2021

Objective: It is essential to understand whether coronary artery ectasia (CAE) progresses over time because the patients might be under the risk of coronary rupture, and stent implant should be avoided if ectatic changes progress.Methods: A consecutive series of 99 CAE patients who had undergone coronary angiography at least twice were enrolled and followed up for 1–16 years until they received a second angiogram. Subjects were divided into two groups (1–5 vs. 5–16 years of follow-up), then the basic clinical characteristics and coronary artery images were compared over time.Results: (1) All CAE patients exhibited atherosclerosis, and a majority presented with acute myocardial infarction. Most baseline clinical characteristics were relatively stable. (2) Atherosclerosis (indicated by the distribution of stenosis in coronary vessels) and the Gensini scores progressed significantly. Ectasia extent showed minimal changes as indicated by blood vessel involvement, Markis type, coronary blood flow, ectasia diameter, and ectasia length. (3) Multilinear regression analysis revealed that the underlying factors related to stenosis evolution indicated by fold of Gensini score were: longer time interval, lower baseline Gensini score, and higher hypersensitive C-reactive protein concentration. (4) There was a relationship between the ectatic diameter and the extent of stenosis.Conclusions: For CAE patients with atherosclerosis followed for 1–16 years, there was minimal CAE progression, while the atherosclerosis progressed and the ectasia extent was related to degree of stenosis. The results indicate that prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic changes might have more clinical significance than addressing ectatic changes.
Gas Emissions From the Western Aleutians Volcanic Arc
Authors: Fischer Tobias P. , Lopez Taryn M. , Aiuppa Alessandro , Rizzo Andrea L. , Ilanko Tehnuka , Kelley Katherine A. , Cottrell Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

The Aleutian Arc is remote and highly active volcanically. Its 4,000 km extent from mainland Alaska to Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula hosts over 140 volcanic centers of which about 50 have erupted in historic times. We present data of volcanic gas samples and gas emission measurements obtained during an expedition to the western-most segment of the arc in September 2015 in order to extend the sparse knowledge on volatile emissions from this remote but volcanically active region. Some of the volcanoes investigated here have not been sampled for gases before this writing. Our data show that all volcanoes host high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal systems and have gas discharges typical of volcanoes in oceanic arcs. Based on helium isotopes, the western Aleutian Arc segment has minimal volatile contributions from the overriding crust. Volcanic CO2fluxes from this arc segment are small, compared to the emissions from volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula and mainland Alaska. The comparatively low CO2emissions may be related to the lower sediment flux delivered to the trench in this part of the arc.
Use of Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Patients: A 2020 THESIS Questionnaire Survey of Members of the Swedish Endocrine Society
Authors: Planck Tereza , Lantz Mikael , Perros Petros , Papini Enrico , Attanasio Roberto , Nagy Endre V. , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe standard treatment of hypothyroidism is levothyroxine (LT-4). However, there are several controversies regarding treatment of hypothyroid patients.AimTo investigate the Swedish endocrinologists’ use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid individuals.MethodsPhysician members of the Swedish Endocrine Society (SEF) were invited by e-mail to participate in an online survey investigating this topic.ResultsOut of the eligible 411 members, 116 (28.2%) responded. The majority (98.9%) stated that L-T4 is the treatment of choice. However, around 50% also prescribed liothyronine (L-T3) or a combination of L-T4+L-T3 in their practice. Combination therapy was mostly (78.5%) used in patients with persistent hypothyroid symptoms despite biochemical euthyroidism on L-T4 treatment. Most respondents prescribed L-T4 tablets and did not expect any major changes with alternative formulations such as soft-gel capsules or liquid formulations in situations influencing the bioavailability of L-T4. In euthyroid patients, 49.5% replied that treatment with thyroid hormones was never indicated, while 47.3% would consider L-T4 for euthyroid infertile women with high thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels.ConclusionThe treatment of choice for hypothyroidism in Sweden is L-T4 tablets. Combination therapy with L-T4+L-T3 tablets was considered for patients with persistent symptoms despite biochemical euthyroidism. Soft-gel capsules and liquid solutions of L-T4 were infrequently prescribed. Swedish endocrinologists’ deviation from endocrine society guidelines merits further study.