bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Prediction of High-Turnover Bone Disease After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Keronen Satu M. , Martola Leena A. L. , Finne Patrik , Burton Inari S. , Tong Xiaoyu F. , Kröger Heikki P. , Honkanen Eero O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBone histomorphometric analysis is the most accurate method for the evaluation of bone turnover, but non-invasive tools are also required. We studied whether bone biomarkers can predict high bone turnover determined by bone histomorphometry after kidney transplantation. We retrospectively evaluated the results of bone biopsy specimens obtained from kidney transplant recipients due to the clinical suspicion of high bone turnover between 2000 and 2015. Bone biomarkers were acquired concurrently. Of 813 kidney transplant recipients, 154 (19%) biopsies were taken at a median of 28 (interquartile range, 18–70) months after engraftment. Of 114 patients included in the statistical analysis, 80 (70%) presented with high bone turnover. Normal or low bone turnover was detected in 34 patients (30%). For discriminating high bone turnover from non-high, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium had the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.704, 0.661, and 0.619, respectively. The combination of these markers performed better with an AUC of 0.775. The positive predictive value for high turnover at a predicted probability cutoff of 90% was 95% while the negative predictive value was 35%. This study concurs with previous observations that hyperparathyroidism with or without hypercalcemia does not necessarily imply high bone turnover in kidney transplant recipients. The prediction of high bone turnover can be improved by considering alkaline phosphatase levels, as presented in the logistic regression model. If bone biopsy is not readily available, this model may serve as clinically available tool in recognizing high turnover after engraftment.
CD4 + T cells are found within endemic Burkitt lymphoma and modulate Burkitt lymphoma precursor cell viability and expression of pathogenically relevant Epstein–Barr virus genes
Authors: Sidorov Semjon , Fux Lara , Steiner Katja , Bounlom Samyo , Traxel Sabrina , Azzi Tarik , Berisha Arbeneshe , Berger Christoph , Bernasconi Michele , Niggli Felix K. , Perner Yvonne , Pather Sugeshnee , Kempf Werner , Nadal David , Bürgler Simone 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEndemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B cell cancer characterized by an IgH/c-myc translocation and the harboring of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Evidence accumulates that CD4 + T cells might contribute to eBL pathogenesis. Here, we investigate the presence of CD4 + T cells in primary eBL tissue and their potential dichotomous impact on an EBV-infected pre-eBL cell model using ex vivo material and in vitro co-cultures. In addition, we establish a novel method to study the effect of IgH/c-myc translocation in primary B cells by employing a CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in approach to introduce and tag de novo translocation. We unprecedently document that CD4 + T cells are present in primary eBL tumor tissue. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD4 + T cells on the one hand suppress eBL development by killing pre-eBL cells lacking IgH/c-myc translocation in vitro and on the other hand indirectly promote eBL development by inducing crucial EBV Latency III to Latency I switching in pre-eBL cells. Finally, we show that while the mere presence of an IgH/c-myc translocation does not suffice to escape CD4 + T-cell-mediated killing in vitro, the CD4 + T-cell-mediated suppression of EBV’s Latency III program in vivo may allow cells harboring an IgH/c-myc translocation and additional mutations to evade immune control and proliferate by means of deregulated c-myc activity, resulting in neoplasia. Thus, our study highlights the dichotomous effects of CD4 + T cells and the mechanisms involved in eBL pathogenesis, suggests mechanisms of their impact on eBL progression, and provides a novel in vitro model for further investigation of IgH/c-myc translocation.
Prognostic Impact of Indicators of Systemic Inflammation and the Nutritional Status of Patients with Resected Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Ashida Ryo , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Otsuka Shimpei , Notsu Akifumi , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral indicators of systemic inflammation and nutritional status were recently shown to serve as novel prognostic factors for certain cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of preoperative indicators of systemic inflammation and nutritional status associated with the survival of patients with resected ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of 91 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for AC from January 2002 through December 2018. Indices for systemic inflammation and nutritional status (Systemic immune‐inflammation index [SII], Prognostic nutritional index [PNI], modified Glasgow prognostic score [mGPS], and Controlling nutritional status score [CONUT]) were determined using preoperative blood tests. Clinicopathological factors and these indices were analyzed to identify predictors of overall survival (OS).ResultsThe median preoperative SII and PNI values were 456.7 and 47.5, respectively, and their optimal cut‐off values were 670.0 and 50.0, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that high SII, low PNI, mGPS ≥ 1, and malnutrition, assessed using the CONUT, were significant predictors of shorter OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that high SII (HR = 2.71, p = 0.023) and malnutrition assessed using the CONUT (hazard ratio = 3.98, p = 0.006) were independent predictors of shorter OS.ConclusionSII and the CONUT predicted the survival of patients with AC after radical resection. These indicators are easily calculated using preoperative blood tests and may contribute to the development of improved strategies to treat AC.
Systemische Therapie und soziale Ängste im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Hunger-Schoppe Christina , Immel Nina , Braus Niels , von Oepen Rebecca , Schweitzer Jochen 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSoziale Angststörungen zählen zu den häufigsten Angststörungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene systemtherapeutische Ansätze zur Behandlung sozialer Ängste und die Evidenz störungsspezifischer Systemischer Therapie bei diagnostizierten sozialen Angststörungen.Material und MethodenEntlang zuvor festgelegter Kriterien und über elektronische Suchmaschinen (PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, Google Scholar) erfolgte eine Auswahl systemtherapeutischer Arbeiten zur Behandlung sozialer Ängste und zur Erfassung der Wirksamkeit bei der systemtherapeutischen Behandlung diagnostizierter sozialer Angststörungen.ErgebnisseEs fanden sich 6 Ansätze einer Systemischen Therapie sozialer Ängste und 3 Wirksamkeitsstudien zu diagnostizierten sozialen Angststörungen. Die systemtherapeutischen Ansätze fokussieren ressourcenorientierte, problemaktualisierende, symptomverschreibende und systemtherapeutisch-integrative Interventionen. Die Wirksamkeitsstudien berichten Vorteile der Systemischen Therapie gegenüber den Vergleichsbedingungen mit Blick auf v. a. die patientenbezogene Symptomreduktion sozialer Ängste. In einem Fall wurde auch die bezugspersonenbezogene Reduktion psychosozialer Belastungen erfasst. Es werden zumeist Systemische Therapien im Einzelsetting und weniger im Mehrpersonensetting realisiert.SchlussfolgerungDie Systemische Therapie verfügt über vielfältige und effektive Ansätze zur Behandlung sozialer Ängste und diagnostizierter sozialer Angststörungen. Zukünftige Forschung und Praxis sollte sich verstärkt der symptom- und gleichfalls systembezogenen Perspektive auf betroffene soziale Systeme unter Einbezug aller bedeutsamen Systemmitglieder widmen. Diese Betrachtungsweise sollte auch stärker in systemtherapeutischen Ansätzen im Mehrpersonensetting zum Ausdruck kommen.
Survivable hypothermia or torpor in a wild-living rat: rare insights broaden our understanding of endothermic physiology
Authors: Nowack Julia , Turbill Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaintaining a high and stable body temperature as observed in endothermic mammals and birds is energetically costly. Thus, it is not surprising that we discover more and more heterothermic species that can reduce their energetic needs during energetic bottlenecks through the use of torpor. However, not all heterothermic animals use torpor on a regular basis. Torpor may also be important to an individual’s probability of survival, and hence fitness, when used infrequently. We here report the observation of a single, ~ 5.5 h long hypothermic bout with a decrease in body temperature by 12 °C in the native Australian bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Our data suggest that bush rats are able to rewarm from a body temperature of 24 °C, albeit with a rewarming rate lower than that expected on the basis of their body mass. Heterothermy, i.e. the ability to withstand and overcome periods of reduced body temperature, is assumed to be an evolutionarily ancestral (plesiomorphic) trait. We thus argue that such rare hypothermic events in species that otherwise appear to be strictly homeothermic could be heterothermic rudiments, i.e. a less derived form of torpor with limited capacity for rewarming. Importantly, observations of rare and extreme thermoregulatory responses by wild animals are more likely to be discovered with long-term data sets and may not only provide valuable insight about the physiological capability of a population, but can also help us to understand the constraints and evolutionary pathways of different phenologies.
Evaluation of ultrastructural alterations of glomerular basement membrane and podocytes in glomeruli by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Lan Ping , Kang Dedong , Mii Akiko , Endo Yoko , Tagawa Masako , Yu Xiaoyang , Lyu Jia , Xie Liyi , Shimizu Akira , Terasaki Mika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) is applied to diagnostic renal pathology.MethodsTo demonstrate the usefulness of LV-SEM and to clarify the optimal conditions of pathology samples, we investigated the alterations of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and podocytes in control and experimental active Heymann nephritis (AHN) rats by LV-SEM.ResultsOn week 15 following induction of AHN, spike formation on GBM with diffuse deposition of IgG and C3 developed. Using LV-SEM, diffuse crater-like protrusions were clearly noted three-dimensionally (3D) on surface of GBM in the same specimens of light microscopy (LM) and immunofluorescence (IF) studies only after removal coverslips or further adding periodic acid-silver methenamine (PAM) staining. These 3D ultrastructural findings of GBM surface could be detected in PAM-stained specimens by LV-SEM, although true GBM surface findings could not be obtained in acellular glomeruli, because some subepithelial deposits remained on surface of GBM. Adequate thickness was 1.5–5 μm for 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 5–10 μm for the unfixed frozen sections. The foot processes and their effacement of podocytes could be observed by LV-SEM using 10%FFPE specimens with platinum blue (Pt-blue) staining or double staining of PAM and Pt-blue. These findings were obtained more large areas in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (2.5%GFPE) specimens.ConclusionOur findings suggest that LV-SEM is a useful assessment tool for evaluating the alterations of GBM and podocytes in renal pathology using routine LM and IF specimens, as well as 2.5%GFPE specimens.
Functionalization of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds with Matrix-Binding Osteocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation and Mineralization
Authors: Nieuwoudt Mechiel , Woods Ian , Eichholz Kian F. , Martins Carolina , McSweeney Kate , Shen Nian , Hoey David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSynthetic polymeric materials have demonstrated great promise for bone tissue engineering based on their compatibility with a wide array of scaffold-manufacturing techniques, but are limited in terms of the bioactivity when compared to naturally occurring materials. To enhance the regenerative properties of these materials, they are commonly functionalised with bioactive factors to guide growth within the developing tissue. Extracellular matrix vesicles (EVs) play an important role in facilitating endochondral ossification during long bone development and have recently emerged as important mediators of cell-cell communication coordinating bone regeneration, and thus represent an ideal target to enhance the regenerative properties of synthetic scaffolds. Therefore, in this paper we developed tools and protocols to enable the attachment of MLO-Y4 osteocyte-derived EVs onto electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for bone repair. Initially, we optimize a method for the functionalization of PCL materials with collagen type-1 and fibronectin, inspired by the behaviour of matrix vesicles during endochondral ossification, and demonstrate that this is an effective method for the adhesion of EVs to the material surface. We then used this functionalization process to attach osteogenic EVs, collected from mechanically stimulated MLO-Y4 osteocytes, to collagen-coated electrospun PCL scaffolds. The EV-functionalized scaffold promoted osteogenic differentiation (measured by increased ALP activity) and mineralization of the matrix. In particular, EV-functionalised scaffolds exhibited significant increases in matrix mineralization particularly at earlier time points compared to uncoated and collagen-coated controls. This approach to matrix-based adhesion of EVs provides a mechanism for incorporating vesicle signalling into polyester scaffolds and demonstrates the potential of osteocyte derived EVs to enhance the rate of bone tissue regeneration.
Examining Mediators of the Relationship Between Community Mobilization and HIV Incidence Among Young South African Women Participating in the HPTN 068 Study Cohort
Authors: Leddy Anna M. , Neilands Torsten B. , Twine Rhian , Kahn Kathleen , Ahern Jennifer , Pettifor Audrey , Lippman Sheri A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that village community mobilization (CM) was associated with reduced HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa. Little remains known about the mechanisms linking CM to HIV incidence. Using longitudinal data from 2292 AGYW in the HPTN 068 cohort (2011–2017), we examined whether school attendance, pro-social engagement, and hope for the future mediated the relationship between CM and HIV incidence. CM was measured at the village-level via two population-based surveys (2012 and 2014). Mediators and incident HIV infection were measured through HPTN 068 surveys and HIV testing. Mediation analyses were conducted using Mplus8.5, adjusting for village-level clustering and covariates. Hope for the future mediated the relationship between CM and HIV incidence (indirect effect-RR 0.98, bias-corrected 95% CI 0.96, 0.99). Pro-social engagement and school attendance did not demonstrate indirect effects. CM reduces AGYW’s HIV acquisition risk, in part, by engendering hope.
Unsupervised learning in images and audio to produce neural receptive fields: a primer and accessible notebook
Authors: Urs Namratha , Behpour Sahar , Georgaras Angie , Albert Mark V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSensory processing relies on efficient computation driven by a combination of low-level unsupervised, statistical structural learning, and high-level task-dependent learning. In the earliest stages of sensory processing, sparse and independent coding strategies are capable of modeling neural processing using the same coding strategy with only a change in the input (e.g., grayscale images, color images, and audio). We present a consolidated review of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) as an efficient neural coding scheme with the ability to model early visual and auditory neural processing. We created a self-contained, accessible Jupyter notebook using Python to demonstrate the efficient coding principle for different modalities following a consistent five-step strategy. For each modality, derived receptive field models from natural and non-natural inputs are contrasted, demonstrating how neural codes are not produced when the inputs sufficiently deviate from those animals were evolved to process. Additionally, the demonstration shows that ICA produces more neurally-appropriate receptive field models than those based on common compression strategies, such as Principal Component Analysis. The five-step strategy not only produces neural-like models but also promotes reuse of code to emphasize the input-agnostic nature where each modality can be modeled with only a change in inputs. This notebook can be used to readily observe the links between unsupervised machine learning strategies and early sensory neuroscience, improving our understanding of flexible data-driven neural development in nature and future applications.
The Dynamical Coupling of Wind-Waves and Atmospheric Turbulence: A Review of Theoretical and Phenomenological Models
Authors: Ayet Alex , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen wind blows over the ocean, short wind-waves (of wavelength smaller than 10 m) are generated, rapidly reaching an equilibrium with the overlying turbulence (at heights lower than 10 m). Understanding this equilibrium is key to many applications since it determines (i) air–sea fluxes of heat, momentum and gas, essential for numerical models; (ii) energy loss from wind to waves, which regulates how swell is generated and how energy is transferred to the ocean mixed layer and; (iii) the ocean surface roughness, visible from remote sensing measurements. Here we review phenomenological models describing this equilibrium: these models couple a turbulence kinetic energy and wave action budget through several wave-growth processes, including airflow separation events induced by breaking waves. Even though the models aim at reproducing measurements of air–sea fluxes and wave growth, some of the observed variability is still unexplained. Hence, after reviewing several state-of-the-art phenomenological models, we discuss recent numerical experiments in order to provide hints about future improvements. We suggest three main directions, which should be addressed both through dedicated experiments and theory: (i) a better quantification of the variability wind-wave growth and of the role played by the modulation of short and breaking wind-waves by long wind-waves; (ii) an improved understanding of the imprint of wind-waves on turbulent coherent structures and; (iii) a quantification of the interscale interactions for a realistic wind-wave sea, where wind-and-wave coupling processes coexist at multiple time and space scales.
Bringing the Family Logic in: From Duality to Plurality in Social Enterprises
Authors: Drencheva Andreana , Au Wee Chan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial enterprises combine activities, processes, structures, and meanings associated with multiple institutional logics that may pose conflicting goals, norms, values, and practices. This in-depth multi-source case study of an ecological social enterprise in Malaysia reveals how the enactment of the family logic interacts with the market and ecological logics not only in conflicting but also in synergetic ways. By drawing attention to the institutional logic of the family in social entrepreneurship, this study highlights the heterogeneity of social enterprises. The findings have implications for research with social enterprises and family-owned firms in relation to the ethical obligations of these organizations and the interactions of multiple logics.
Life Satisfaction and Online-Gambling Communities: A Cross-National Study of Gambling Activities Among Young Finnish, American, South Korean and Spanish People
Authors: Koivula Aki , Oksanen Atte , Sirola Anu , Savolainen Iina , Kaakinen Markus , Zych Izabela , Paek Hye-Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGambling is a potential hazard to life satisfaction, yet peer relationships online might buffer this risk. This study analyzed the ways problem gambling is associated with life satisfaction as well as the extent to which the use of online-gambling community participation and, alternatively, offline belonging affect this association. A web-based survey was conducted among people aged 15–25 in Finland (n = 1,200), the United States (n = 1,212), South Korea (n = 1,192), and Spain (n = 1,212). The main variables included life satisfaction, problem gambling measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen, online-gambling community participation, and offline belonging. Controls included compulsive internet use, hazardous drinking, psychological distress, income, age, and gender. Linear regression models were employed with country interactions. Results showed problem gambling had a negative relationship with life satisfaction, but the association was explained by control variables. Online-gambling community participation had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, especially among pathological gamblers who had poor offline relationships. Country comparisons revealed that the direct effect of excessive gambling and the compensating effect of online-gambling communities were most prominent in Finland.
Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Romantic Relationships in Late Adolescence
Authors: Joosten Daniek H. J. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Meeus Wim , Branje Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile youth with higher levels of depressive symptoms appear to have lower quality romantic relationships, little is known about longitudinal associations for both men and women. Therefore, this study used longitudinal dyadic design to examine both concurrent and longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and positive as well as negative aspects of romantic relationship quality across two waves one- or two-years apart. The sample consisted of 149 Dutch stable heterosexual couples (149 females and 142 males participated at T1) in a stable romantic relationship in late adolescence with a mean age of 20.43 years old at the first wave. Actor-Partner Interdependence models were used to examine potential bidirectional associations over time between depressive symptoms and romantic relationship quality, above and beyond potential concurrent associations and stability of the constructs over time, from the perspective of both romantic partners. Results consistently indicated that men and women who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms perceived less positive aspects (intimacy and support) and more negative aspects (conflict) in their romantic relationship over time. In addition, unexpectedly, when men and women perceived more positive relationship aspects, their partners reported higher levels of depressive symptoms over time. These findings stress that depressive symptoms can interfere with the formation of high-quality romantic relationships.