bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Gum‐line Recession for Aging Lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Authors: Peers Michael J. L. , Majchrzak Yasmine N. , Studd Emily K. , Menzies Allyson K. , Kukka Piia M. , Konkolics Sean M. , Boonstra Rudy , Boutin Stan , Jung Thomas S. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTAccurate age estimates of wildlife are important for both research and management purposes. Despite the value of determining the age of individuals, cost effective and minimally‐invasive approaches are lacking for most species. Assessment of gum‐line recession is a minimally‐invasive, cost‐effective method used for aging some felids; however, its reliability is unknown. Here, we evaluate the utility of gum‐line recession for aging Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), using carcasses collected during the winters of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 from trappers in Yukon, Canada. The purpose of our study was to 1) assess the repeatability of measuring gum‐line recession within and between observers, 2) compare measurements of gum‐line recession to estimates of age obtained from cementum annuli analysis, and 3) test for differences in mean gum‐line recession between age‐classes of lynx (i.e., young, prime adult, and old adults). We found that although estimated gum‐line recession was repeatable within an observer, it was not between observers, and did not correlate strongly with estimated age based on cementum annuli. Significant differences in mean gum‐line recession were found between age classes. We conclude that gum‐line recession does not provide an accurate estimate of age in Canada lynx and that other methods would be required if tooth extraction is not desirable. However, gum‐line recession may be useful for determining age class of lynx. Finally, we recommend similar assessments of precision and observer bias when measuring gum‐line recession to estimate the age of other species. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Reproductive outcomes after bariatric surgery in women
Authors: Micic Dragan D. , Toplak Hermann , Micic Dusan D. , Polovina Snezana P. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe presence of obesity may significantly influence female fertility through various mechanisms. Impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in obese women may induce anovulation and infertility. Obesity may have an effect on women’s spontaneous and assisted conception rates, increased miscarriage rates, premature labor, stillbirth and perinatal risks, and menstrual irregularity. It has been suggested that weight loss improves reproductive outcomes due to fertility amelioration and an improvement in menstrual irregularity and ovulation. It is still not known which weight reduction procedures (changes in lifestyle, pharmacological management or bariatric intervention) result in optimal outcome on infertility. Currently, bariatric surgery is defined as the best available method for the management of obesity and its associated diseases.We have analyzed literature facts about effects of bariatric surgery on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sexual dysfunction in obesity and pregnancy in obesity. Immediate positive effects of bariatric surgery are evident at the moment, while for long-term outcomes more prolonged follow-up investigations should be done.
Identification of Youthful Neurocognitive Trajectories in Adults Aging with HIV: A Latent Growth Mixture Model
Authors: Saloner Rowan , Lobo Judith D. , Paolillo Emily W. , Campbell Laura M. , Letendre Scott L. , Cherner Mariana , Grant Igor , Heaton Robert K. , Ellis Ronald J. , Roesch Scott C. , Moore David J. ,   for the CHARTER Study Group, Grant Igor , Letendre Scott L. , Ellis Ronald J. , Marcotte Thomas D. , Franklin Donald , McCutchan J. Allen , Smith Davey M. , Heaton Robert K. , Atkinson J. Hampton , Dawson Matthew , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Taylor Michael J. , Theilmann Rebecca , Gamst Anthony C. , Cushman Clint , Abramson Ian , Vaida Florin , Sacktor Ned , Rogalski Vincent , Morgello Susan , Simpson David , Mintz Letty , McCutchan J. Allen , Collier Ann , Marra Christina , Storey Sher , Gelman Benjamin , Head Eleanor , Clifford David , Al-Lozi Muhammad , Teshome Mengesha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the neurocognitive risks of aging with HIV, initial cross-sectional data suggest a subpopulation of older people with HIV (PWH) possess youthful neurocognition (NC) characteristic of SuperAgers (SA). Here we characterize longitudinal NC trajectories of older PWH and their convergent validity with baseline SA status, per established SuperAging criteria in PWH, and baseline biopsychosocial factors. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified longitudinal NC classes in 184 older (age ≥ 50-years) PWH with 1–5 years of follow-up. Classes were defined using ‘peak-age’ global T-scores, which compare performance to a normative sample of 25-year-olds. 3-classes were identified: Class 1Stable Elite (n = 31 [16.8%], high baseline peak-age T-scores with flat trajectory); Class 2Quadratic Average (n = 100 [54.3%], intermediate baseline peak-age T-scores with u-shaped trajectory); Class 3Quadratic Low (n = 53 [28.8%], low baseline peak-age T-scores with u-shaped trajectory). Baseline predictors of Class 1Stable Elite included SA status, younger age, higher cognitive and physiologic reserve, and fewer subjective cognitive difficulties. This GMM analysis supports the construct validity of SuperAging in older PWH through identification of a subgroup with longitudinally-stable, youthful neurocognition and robust biopsychosocial health.
Husserl on Minimal Mind and the Origins of Consciousness in the Natural World
Authors: Marosan Bence Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to offer a systematic reconstruction of Husserl’s theory of minimal mind and his ideas pertaining to the lowest level of consciousness in living beings. In this context, the term ‘minimal mind’ refers to the mental sphere and capacities of the simplest conceivable subject. This topic is of significant contemporary interest for philosophy of mind and empirical research into the origins of consciousness. I contend that Husserl’s reflections on minimal mind offer a fruitful contribution to this ongoing debate. For Husserl, the embodied character of subjectivity, or consciousness, is essential for understanding minimal mind. In his view, there is an a priori necessary constitutive connection between the subjective and objective aspects of the body, between Leib and Körper, and this connection is especially important for exploring minimal mind from a phenomenological perspective. Thematically, the essay has three main parts. In Sect. 2, I present an overview of how minimal mind is framed in contemporary philosophy of mind and empirical research. I then analyse Husserl’s conception of embodiment with regard to the problem of minimal mind in Sect. 3. Finally, I present a more detailed investigation into Husserl’s account of minimal mind, highlighting features from his descriptions of animal mind and consciousness in early infancy (Sects. 4 and 5).
Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort
Authors: Stengård Johanna , Mellner Christin , Toivanen Susanna , Nyberg Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high level of stress among teachers is a frequently reported problem globally but less is known about how demands and resources among teachers affect depressive symptoms, and to what extent gender differences in these conditions can explain potential differences in depressive symptoms. The present study investigated gender differences in teachers’ self-reported depressive symptoms, and differences in their demands and resources in both work and home spheres. Associations between demands and resources, respectively, and depressive symptoms as well as gender differences in these associations were examined. Results from univariate and parallel growth modelling (N = 1,022), using data from six time points (2008 to 2018), found higher levels of depressive symptoms, higher emotional and quantitative work demands, and more time doing unpaid work among female teachers, whereas male teachers reported more time on leisure activities. Emotional and quantitative work demands were associated with depressive symptoms at baseline, and these associations also developed in parallel over time. Leisure time had a negative association with depressive symptoms at baseline. There were no gender differences in the strength of these associations. Findings suggest that gender differences in teachers’ depressive symptoms could be attributable to women’s greater demands in the work sphere and fewer resources in the home sphere than men as opposed to their being more vulnerable to workplace stressors.
A Comparison of Sparse and Non-sparse Techniques for Electric-Field Inversion from Normal-Component Magnetograms
Authors: Mackay Duncan H. , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn important element of 3D data-driven simulations of solar magnetic fields is the determination of the horizontal electric field at the solar photosphere. This electric field is used to drive the 3D simulations and inject energy and helicity into the solar corona. One outstanding problem is the localisation of the horizontal electric field such that it is consistent with Ohm’s law. Yeates (Astrophys. J.836(1), 131, 2017) put forward a new “sparse” technique for computing the horizontal electric field from normal-component magnetograms that minimises the number of non-zero values. This aims to produce a better representation of Ohm’s law compared to previously used “non-sparse” techniques. To test this new approach we apply it to active region (AR) 10977, along with the previously developed non-sparse technique of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (Astrophys. J.729(2), 97, 2011). A detailed comparison of the two techniques with coronal observations is used to determine which is the most successful. Results show that the non-sparse technique of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (2011) produces the best representation for the formation and structure of the sigmoid above AR 10977. In contrast, the Yeates (2017) approach injects strong horizontal fields between spatially separated, evolving magnetic polarities. This injection produces highly twisted unphysical field lines with significantly higher magnetic energy and helicity. It is also demonstrated that the Yeates (2017) approach produces significantly different results that can be inconsistent with the observations depending on whether the horizontal electric field is solved directly or indirectly through the magnetic vector potential. In contrast, the Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (2011) method produces consistent results using either approach. The sparse technique of Yeates (2017) has significant pitfalls when applied to spatially resolved solar data, where future studies need to investigate why these problems arise.
The Reproductive Transition: Effects on Viral Replication, Immune Activation, and Metabolism in Women with HIV infection
Authors: Abelman Rebecca , Tien Phyllis C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To describe research advances in the menopausal transition (MT) and its effects on HIV replication, immune activation, and metabolic parameters in women living with HIV (WLWH).

Recent Findings.
Physiologic changes due to declines in ovarian reserve characterize the MT. Evidence suggests that estrogen depletion influences HIV replication and the latent reservoir. Changes in markers of immune activation, waist circumference, and neurocognition, independent of chronologic age, occur before the final menstrual period (FMP). HIV effects on gut microbial translocation and adipose tissue, as well as health disparities in WLWH may contribute. Improved biomarker sensitivity to predict FMP provides opportunities to study MT in WLWH.

Summary
Research is needed to determine the effects of MT and HIV on virologic and clinical outcomes, using accurate assessments to predict the FMP and menopausal stages. These findings could inform the timing of interventions to prevent early onset of adverse outcomes in WLWH.
New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship
Authors: Martyshyn Andrej , Uchman Alfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSack-like body fossils Finkoella ukrainica gen. et sp. nov. and F. oblonga sp. nov., and reticulate fossil Pharyngomorpha reticulata gen. et sp. nov. are described from the upper Ediacaran shallow-marine deposits of Ukraine, which are no younger than 557 Ma. The first two resemble the flattened bodies of tunicates showing mainly the outline of tunica, while the third is considered as a fragment of the pharyngeal basket of a tunicate. F. ukrainica is represented by smaller individuals interpreted as juveniles, which may occur in clusters together with less numerous larger individuals. The larger forms are interpreted as adults, some of which show the preserved oral/atrial syphons and possible traces of internal organs bulging through the tunica. Moreover, Burykhia sp. from the uppermost Ediacaran of the same region is presented. This is the second and younger occurrence of the genus Burykhia, which is preserved as a possible fragment of the pharyngeal basket. All the fossils are preserved as the “death masks” between microbial mats, and their appearance depends partly on the relation to the parting surface on which they are observed. The presented new taxa along with the literature data reinforce the possibility that tunicates originated already in late Ediacaran.
Consolidation of volcanic tuffs with TEOS and TMOS: a systematic study
Authors: Pötzl Christopher , Rucker Stine , Wendler Eberhard , Siegesmund Siegfried 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, nine volcanic tuffs from Armenia, Germany and Mexico were treated with two commercially available consolidants on base of silicic acid ester, as well as different pretreatments with an anti-swelling agent and/or primer components. Prior to the treatment, the tuffs were analyzed regarding their petrography and mineralogy, with a greater focus on their clay mineral content. The effect of the consolidation was evaluated by comparative analyses of petrophysical properties and weathering behavior before and after the treatments. The main goals of this study were to identify a general suitability of different consolidating treatments for different types of tuff, evaluating tartaric acid as a primer component for tuff consolidation and to pursue the approach of finding a molecular answer for apparent tuff consolidation problematics, by testing a consolidation agent with smaller molecule sizes than current products on the market: tetramethoxysilane (TMOS).
The impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of the early Cretaceous Lower Goru sandstones in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Dar Qamar UZ Zaman , Pu Renhai , Baiyegunhi Christopher , Shabeer Ghulam , Ali Rana Imran , Ashraf Umar , Sajid Zulqarnain , Mehmood Mubashir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe sandstone units of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are significant reservoir for gas, oil, and condensates in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Even though these sandstones are significant reservoir rocks for hydrocarbon exploration, the diagenetic controls on the reservoir properties of the sandstones are poorly documented. For effective exploration, production, and appraisal of a promising reservoir, the diagenesis and reservoir properties must be comprehensively analyzed first. For this study, core samples from depths of more than 3100 m from the KD-01 well within the central division of the basin have been studied. These sandstones were analyzed using petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses to unravel diagenetic impacts on reservoir properties of the sandstone. Medium to coarse-grained and well-sorted sandstone have been identified during petrographic study. The sandstone are categorized as arkose and lithic arkose. Principal diagenetic events which have resulted in changing the primary characters of the sandstones are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and mineral replacement. The observed diagenetic processes can be grouped into early, burial, and late diagenesis. Chlorite is the dominant diagenetic constituent that occurs as rims, coatings, and replacing grains. The early phase of coating of authigenic chlorite has preserved the primary porosity. The recrystallization of chlorite into chamosite has massively reduced the original pore space because of its bridging structure. The current study reveals that diagenetic processes have altered the original rock properties and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Goru sandstone. These preliminary outcomes of this study have great potential to improve the understanding of diagenetic process and their impact on reservoir properties of the Lower Goru sandstone in the Lower Indus Basin and adjoining areas.
Effects of 5 Years Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zotcheva Ekaterina , Håberg Asta Kristine , Wisløff Ulrik , Salvesen Øyvind , Selbæk Geir , Stensvold Dorthe , Ernstsen Linda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate whether a 5-year exercise intervention and change in peak oxygen uptake ($$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

) is associated with cognitive function in older adults.

Methods
Nine hundred and forty-five participants (48% women, mean age at study end 78.2 ± 2.02 years) from the Generation 100 Study were randomized 2:1:1 to a control group, moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training twice weekly for 5 years. Peak oxygen uptake was measured using ergospirometry at baseline and after 5 years. Global cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) after 5 years.

Results
Compared to the control group, the combined moderate-intensity continuous training plus high-intensity interval training (ExComb) group did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.17, 0.69) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.66, 1.13). Men in the ExComb group had 0.80 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.21, 1.40) and 32% lower odds of MCI compared with male controls (95% CI 0.47, 0.99), with no such findings in women. In the total sample, each 1 metabolic equivalent of task increase in $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

corresponded to 0.46 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.25, 0.67) and 27% lower odds of MCI (95% CI 0.63, 0.85). Compared to $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

stable, participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

increased did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.24, CI − 0.68, 1.15) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.36, 1.34), whereas participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

decreased had 0.64 points lower MoCA (95% CI − 1.15, − 0.14) and 35% higher odds of MCI (95% CI 0.98, 1.87).

Conclusions
Overall, exercise was not significantly associated with cognition among older adults. However, maintaining or increasing $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

appeared to benefit cognition.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01666340.
Computational Assessment of the Expression-Modulating Potential for Non-Coding Variants
Authors: Shi Fang-Yuan , Wang Yu , Huang Dong , Liang Yu , Liang Nan , Chen Xiao-Wei , Gao Ge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies have identified multiple non - coding variants associated with genetic diseases by affecting gene expression. However, pinpointing causal variants effectively and efficiently remains a serious challenge. Here, we developed CARMEN, a novel algorithm to identify functional non-coding expression-modulating variants. Multiple evaluations demonstrated CARMEN’s superior performance over state-of-the-art tools. Applying CARMEN to GWAS and eQTL datasets further pinpointed several causal variants other than the reported lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CARMEN scales well with the massive datasets, and is available online as a web server at http://carmen.gao-lab.org.
Characterization of simple sequence repeat loci for Peltigera membranacea (lichenized Ascomycota) and its Nostoc photobiont
Authors: Werth Silke , Pálsson Stefán Þór , Andrésson Ólafur S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo facilitate population-genetic studies, we developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and a molecular species identification assay for Peltigera membranacea (Ascomycota, Peltigerales), a common ground-dwelling lichen of forest and tundra ecosystems. Additional markers were developed for its Nostoc photobiont. Twenty-one fungal markers for P. membranacea were found to be polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 3–21. Nei's unbiased gene diversity ranged from 0.588 to 0.640 in four significantly structured (FST = 0.059) mycobiont populations. For the Nostoc photobiont, 14 polymorphic SSR were developed, yielding 4–14 alleles each, with gene diversity ranging from 0.062 to 0.771 in four populations showing substantial population structure (FST = 0.278). The new markers developed are suitable for population genetic studies of Peltigera membranacea and of its cyanobiont, and at the same time allowed us to distinguish 98.5% of P. membranacea specimens from morphologically similar species of Peltigera.
A synopsis of the genusArthothelium(Arthoniales) in Tasmania
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe genusArthotheliumA. Massal. in Tasmania comprises ten species. Five of these are described as new:A. bacidinumKantvilas, a saxicolous, littoral species with subglobose apothecia, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 25−40 × 11−19 μm, and containing the pigment Endoaurantiacum-gold which yields a K+ red reaction;A. insolitumKantvilas, lichenicolous in rainforest and characterized by subglobose apothecia, very large, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 50−80 × 22−40 μm, and containing the pigment Interveniens-brown which reacts K+ olive green;A. macounioidesKantvilas, corticolous in wet forest and characterized by sessile, convex apothecia, macrocephalic ascospores, 29−42 × 11−18 μm, and containing the pigment Endoaurantiacum-gold;A. magenteumKantvilas, a common wet forest epiphyte with applanate apothecia, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 25−55 × 11−22 μm, and containing a unique maroon-red, K+ pink pigment; andA. subtectumKantvilas, a saxicolous species with convex apothecia, macrocephalic ascospores, 22−36 × 9−14 μm, and containing Endoaurantiacum-gold. The New Zealand speciesA. endoaurantiacumMakhija & Patw. andA. suffusum(C. Knight) Müll. Arg., and the AustralianA. velatiumMüll. Arg. are recorded for Tasmania for the first time. The namesA. obtusulum(Nyl.) Müll. Arg.,A. pellucidum(C. Knight) Müll. Arg. andA. polycarpumMüll. Arg. are considered synonyms of the widespreadA. ampliatum(C. Knight & Mitten) Müll. Arg.Arthothelium feraxMüll. Arg. is a synonym ofA. interveniens(Nyl.) Zahlbr. andA. subspectabileVĕzda & Kantvilas is a synonym ofA. suffusum. The sole record ofA. macrothecum(Fée) A. Massal. from Tasmania is found to be based on a misidentification. A key to the species is provided. The importance of apothecial pigments, apothecial morphology and ascospore septation is discussed, and three pigments are characterized by their appearance in water and other standard media.