bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Predicting Autistic Spectrum Disorder Using WEKA&nbsp;Modeler
Authors: RADZI SITI FAIRUZ MOHD , HASSAN MOHD SAYUTI , Radzi Muhammad Abdul Hadi Mohd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In healthcare area, big data, if integrated with machine learning, enables health practitioners to predict the result of a disorder or disease more accurately. In Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is important to screen the patients to enable them to undergo proper treatments as early as possible. However, difficulties may arise in predicting ASD occurrences accurately, mainly caused by human errors. Data mining, if embedded into health screening practice, can help to overcome the difficulties. This study attempts to evaluate the performance of six best classifiers, taken from existing works, at analysing ASD screening training dataset.Result: We tested Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, KNN, J48, Random Forest, and Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithms to ASD screening dataset and compared the classifiers’ based on significant parameters; sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), and runtime, in predicting ASD occurrences. We also found that most of previous studies focused on classifying health-related dataset while ignoring the missing values which may contribute to significant impacts to the classification result which in turn will impact the life of the patients. Thus, we addressed the missing values by implementing imputation method where they are replaced with the mean of the available records found in the dataset. Conclusion: We found that J48 produced promising results as compared to other classifiers when tested in both circumstances, with and without missing values. The outcome is hoped to assist health practitioners in making accurate diagnosis of ASD occurrences in patients.
Analysis of The Genome Sequence of Phomopsis Vexans: A Fungal Pathogen Causing Phomopsis Blight of Eggplant
Authors: Heng Zhou , You Qian , Li Zhiliang , Sun Baojuan , Xu Xiaowan , Li Ying , Li Zhenxing , Wang Hengming , Gong Chao , Tao Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Phomopsis vexans is a phytopathogenic fungus causing Phomopsis blight of eggplant. This disease is one of the major issues reducing eggplants production. To lay a solid foundation for the research of pathogenicity and to understand the mechanism of the disease development, the genome of an isolate PV4 was sequenced, assembled and analyzed from Guangdong, China. Results: The assembled complete genome size of Phomopsis vexans was about 59.78 Mb with 51.24% G+C content and 4.93Mb contig N50. In the genome, 3,552 annotated repetitive elements were identified. A total of 15,034 genes with 1,790bp average length were predicted, of which 14,116 genes were annotated by NCBI nr database. Moreover, 1,206 genes were annotated from Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) Database which may play a role in degrading plant cell walls. At last, 134 effector proteins were predicted. Conclusions: The present genome is the first genome of Phomopsis vexans. The information obtained from this study support important resource for research on the pathogen and for sheding light on its pathogenicity mechanism.
The Effect of Dual Trigger With GnRH Agonist and hCG on Cumulative Live-Birth Rate For Normal Responders in GnRH-Antagonist Cycles
Authors: Gao Fumei , Wang Yanbin , Fu Min , Zhang Qiuxiang , Ren Yumeng , Shen Huan , Han Hongjing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has been widely acknowledged that the dual triggering for final oocyte maturation with a combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) improve clinical outcomes in high responders during IVF-ICSI GnRH-antagonist cycles. However, it remains elusive whether this dual trigger is also benifical to the normal responders. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue. In the present study, we retrospectively analysed the data generated from a total of 469 normal responders from 1st January to 31st December 2017 and final oocyte maturation was performed with dual trigger with GnRH agonist combined hCG (n=270) or hCG alone (n=199). All the patients were followed up for three years. Cumulative live birth rate was calculated as the first live birth achieved after all cycles having an embryo transfer (fresh cycles as well as thawing cycles) among both groups. Subjects in the dual trigger group achieved a slightly higher number of oocytes retrieved (11.24 vs. 10.24), higher number of two-pronuclear embryo (2PN) (8.37 vs.7.67) and a higher number of embryos available (4.45 vs.4.03). But the cumulative live birth rate, an all-inclusive success rate for assisted reproductive technology, was similar between the two groups (54.07% vs.59.30%). This study showed that the dual trigger was not superior to only hCG trigger for normal responders in GnRH antagonist cycles in terms of cumulative live birth rate.
Inkjet-printed fully-customizable and low-cost electrodes matrix for gesture recognition
Authors: Rosati Giulio , Cisotto Giulia , Sili Daniele , Compagnucci Luca , Giorgi Chiara De , Pavone Enea , Betti Viviana , Paccagnella Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of surface electromyography (sEMG) is rapidly spreading, from robotic prostheses and, muscle computer interfaces, to rehabilitation devices controlled by residual muscular activities. In this context, sEMG-based gesture recognition plays an enabling role to control prosthetics and devices in real-life settings.
The aim of our work was to develop a low-cost, print-and-play platform to acquire and analyse sEMG signals that can be arranged in a fully customized way, depending on the application and the users’ needs. We produced 8-channel sEMG matrices to measure muscular activity of the forearm using innovative nanoparticle-based inks to print the sensors embedded into each matrix using a commercial inkjet printer. Then, we acquired the multi-channel sEMG data from 12 participants, while they were repeatedly performing 12 standard finger movements (6 extension and 6 flexion).
Our results showed that inkjet printing-based sEMG signals ensured significant similarity values across repetitions in every participant, a large enough difference between movements (dissimilarity index above 0.2), and an overall classification accuracy of 93%-95% for flexion and extension, respectively.
The Change of Coagulation Profile in Two-staged Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Patients：A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Hao , Li Rui , Li Liangliang , Xu Chi , Chai Wei , Chen Jiying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims：Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a serious complication of total joint arthroplasty. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate 1) the change of coagulation profile in two-staged arthroplasty patients 2) the relationship between coagulation profile and the outcomes of reimplantation. Method: Between 2011 January and 2018 December, a total of 202 PJI patients who were performed with two-staged arthroplasty were included in this study initially. They were followed up at least 2 years and corresponding medical records were scrutinized to establish the diagnosis of PJI based on the 2014 MSIS criteria. The coagulation profile was recorded at two designed points 1) preresection and 2) preimplantation. Then, the difference of coagulation profile between preresection and preimplantation was evaluated. Besides, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of coagulation profile and the change of coagulation profile for predicting persistent infection before reimplantation. Results: The levels of APTT, INR, platelet count, PT, TT and plasma fibrinogen before spacer implantation were significantly higher than that before reimplantation. No significant difference was detected in the levels of D-dimer, ACT, AT3 between the two groups. The AUC of the combined coagulation profile and the change of combined coagulation profile for predicting persistent infection before reimplantation was 0.667 (95%CI:(0.511,0.823) and 0.667 (95%CI: (0.526,0.808)), respectively.Conclusion: The coagulation profile before preresection is different from that before preimplantation in two-staged arthroplasty and the coagulation markers may play a role in predicting infection eradication before reimplantation when two-stage arthroplasty is performed. Level of Evidence: level III, diagnostic study
Independent Pseudogenizations and Losses of Sox15 During Amniote Diversification Following Asymmetric Ohnolog Evolution
Authors: Ogita Yusaku , Tamura Kei , Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Takamatsu Nobuhiko , Ito Michihiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Four ohnologous genes (sox1, sox2, sox3, and sox15) were generated by two rounds of wholegenome duplication in a vertebrate ancestor. In eutherian mammals, Sox1, Sox2, and Sox3 participate in central nervous system (CNS) development. Sox15 functions in skeletal muscle regeneration, and has little functional overlap with the other three ohnologs. In contrast, Xenopus frog and zebrafish orthologs of sox15 as well as sox1-3s are expressed and function in CNS development. We previously reported that Sox15 is involved in mouse placental development as neofunctionalization, but is pseudogenized in marsupial opossum. These findings suggest that sox15 might have evolved with unusual gene fates during vertebrate evolution. However, knowledge concerning sox15 in other vertebrate lineages is scant. Our purpose was to clarify the fate and molecular evolution of sox15 during vertebrate evolution.Results: We searched for sox15 orthologs in various vertebrate lineages by homology and synteny analyses using vertebrate genome databases. Interestingly, sox15 was independently pseudogenized at least twice during species diversity in marsupial mammals. Moreover, we observed independent gene loss of sox15 at least twice during reptile evolution in squamates and crocodile-bird diversification. Codon-based phylogenetic tree and selective analyses revealed the highest dN/dS value for sox15 among the four ohnologs during jawed vertebrate evolution. The finding was supported by the high values in cartilaginous fishes, anuran amphibians, and amniotes. The high dN/dS value of sox15 may have been mainly caused by a relaxed selection. Marsupial and squamate sox15 may have evolved under more relaxed selection than those of eutherian mammals and testudine reptiles, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed an asymmetric evolution of sox15 among the four ohnologs during vertebrate evolution. Notably, independent pseudogenizations and losses of sox15 were observed during marsupial and reptile evolution, respectively. Both might have been caused by strong relaxed selection. The drastic gene fates of sox15, including neofunctionalization and pseudogenizations/losses during amniote diversification, might be caused by a release from evolutionary constraints. We discuss why sox15 has evolved under relaxed selection, considering the possible escapes from some constraints there could have been during its molecular evolution.
Enantioselective Resolution of (R, S)-DMPM by a Adsorption-Covalent Crosslinked Esterase PAE07 from Pseudochrobactrum Asaccharolyticum WZZ003
Authors: Zhou Mingpeng , Xia Yuandan , Zhang Hongjun , Yu Xinjun , zhang Yinjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
(R)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) alanine ((R)-MAP-acid) is an important chiral intermediate of the Fungicide (R)-Metalaxyl. In this study, ten kinds of immobilized resins(XAD1180N, H103, HAD7HP, D3520, NKA, D101 , DM11,850 JinKai, Primary amino resin and 850 synthetic resin) were used to adsorption-covalent crosslinked esterase PAE07 for splitting (R, S)-DMPM. The resin D3520 with porous structure and hydrophobic polystyrene was selected for immobilization as the carrier, after optimization of the immobilization conditions, the enzyme load is 20:1 (mg/g), the adsorption time is 4h, and the adsorption buffer pH is 7.0 . The Km and Vmax of the free esterases were 35.66 mM and 4.46 mM/mg·min, respectively, The Km and Vmax of the immobilized PAE07 were 19.05 mM and 2.84 mM/mg·min. The SEM analysis showed that the immobilized esterase PAE07 had higher thermal stability, pH stability and substrate specifity than those from the free esterase. Under the optimal conditions,the reaction was carried out at 35°C and 200 rpm for resolution of 350 mM substrate for 14 hours, the conversion rate reached 48%, and the e.e.p was 99.5%.The repeatability of immobilized esterase PAE07 was evaluated by continuous catalytic resolution of (R, S)-DMPM. The results showed that after 15 times of repeated use, 86.2% of the relative enzyme activity was retained. These results proved that immobilized esterase PAE07 as a new catalyst had great potential for the application and industrial enzymatic resolution of (R, S)-DMPM to prepare (R)-metalaxyl.
Functional Characterization of Cardiac Actin Mutants Causing Hypertrophic (p.A295S) and Dilative Cardiomyopathy (p.R312H and p.E361G)
Authors: Erdmann Constanze , Hassoun Roua , Schmitt Sebastian , Fujita-Becker Setsuko , Mazur Antonina J. , Mügge Andreas , Schröder Rasmus R. , Geyer Matthias , Jaquet Kornelia , Mannherz Hans Georg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The human mutant cardiac α-actins p.A295S or p.R312H (plus p.R312K) and p.E361G correlated with hypertrophic or dilative cardiomyopathy, respectively, were expressed by using the baculovirus/Sf21 insect cell system. After purification their biochemical and cell biological properties were analysed and compared to wild type (wt) cardiac actin identically obtained or conventionally isolated from bovine hearts. DNase I inhibition and their polymerization behaviour indicated that all c-α-actins had maintained their native state. Cardiomyopathy type specific differences were observed except for the p.R312K mutant, which behaved like wt c-α-actin. The extent of myosin-S1 ATPase stimulation by the c-actin variants and its Ca2+-sensitivity after decoration with tropomyosin (cTm) and troponin complex (cTn) varied being highest for the HCM p.A295S and lower for both DCM mutants. Similar Ca2+-sensitivity differences were observed by recording the fluorescence increase of pyrene-cTm in the absence or presence of myosin-S1 and/or the actin-binding N-terminal fragment of cardiac myosin binding protein C (N-cMyBP-C). Transfection experiments showed the incorporation of the c-actin variants into existing cytoskeletal elements of non-muscle cells. Wt and p.A295S c-α-actin preferably incorporated into the microfilament system and p.R312H and p.E361G into the submembranous actin network of MDCK cells. Transduction of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with adenoviral constructs coding for HA-tagged c-α-actins showed their incorporation into thin filaments of nascent sarcomeric structures at their plus ends (Z-lines) except the p.E361G mutant, which preferably incorporated at the minus ends. Our data indicate functional differences of the c-α-actins that may be causative for the different cardiomyopathy phenotypes.
Integrative Analysis Revealed Common Genes, Brain Cell-Type and Pathways Between Stiripentol Targets and Risk Genes of Dravet Syndrome and Epilepsy
Authors: Lv Yu-qin , Jiao Yu-zhuang , Wang Yan-hua , Wang Na , Gao Lei , Zhang Jing-jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stiripentol is an anti-epileptic drug used for treating Dravet syndrome and epilepsy. To explore common molecular mechanism between antiepileptic effect of stiripentol and genetic etiology of Dravet syndrome and epilepsy, we retrieved target genes of stiripentol through DrugBank database, as well as risk genes of Dravet syndrome and epilepsy from related Database and literature research. Then we performed genetic overlap analysis, Expression Weighted Cell type Enrichment (EWCE) analysis based on single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of brain, as well as pathway enrichment analysis. A total of 23, 19 and 118 genes were retrieved for stiripentol targets, risk genes of Dravet syndrome and epilepsy respectively. For stiripentol targets and risk genes of Dravet syndrome, three genes (GABRA1, GABRB3 and GABRG2) were overlapped with P-value of 1.265×10−6; hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons were common brain cell types that were significantly enriched by EWCE; and 10 common pathways were identified. For stiripentol targets and risk genes of epilepsy, five genes (GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRB2, GABRB3, and GABRG2) were overlapped with P-value of 1.963 × 10−7; hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons were also common brain cell types that were significantly enriched and 22 common pathways were identified. Our results revealed that stiripentol might exert its anti-epileptic effect by regulating GABAA receptors on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons.
HMGA2 rs968697 T&gt;C Polymorphism is Associated With The Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Zhidan , Yang Jiaojiao , Zhang Shulong , Wang Xiaoting , Gao Xueren 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, a genetic polymorphism (rs968697 T>C) in HMGA2 gene has been reported to be associated with hepatoblastoma risk. However, no studies reported the effect of the polymorphism on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to explore whether rs968697 polymorphism had a significant impact on CRC risk. Methods: A total of 500 CRC patients and 500 age and gender matched healthy individuals were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR technology was used to detect the relative expression of HMGA2 gene in 30 pairs of primary CRC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues.Results: HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC risk (CC vs. TT: OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.06-0.70, P=0.01; (CC+CT) vs. TT: OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.53-0.96, P=0.02; CC vs. (CT+TT): OR=0.21, 95%CI=0.06-0.73, P=0.01; C vs. T: OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.51-0.89, P<0.01). The analysis based on tumor stage indicated that HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC tumor stage. In addition, the genotype-tissue expression showed that the rs968697 polymorphism was related to HMGA2 gene expression. The in silico analysis showed that rs968697 polymorphism located in the promoter region of HMGA2 gene could affect the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was associated with CRC risk and might serve as a reliable biomarker to detect CRC risk. Running head: HMGA2 rs968697 T>C polymorphism and colorectal cancer
Machinability Of Shape Memory Alloy Using Electro Spark Erosion Process&nbsp;
Authors: M Adam Khan , T Winowlin Jappes J , S Samuel Ratna Kumar P , M Mashinini P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research work, the nickel – titanium based shape memory alloys are machined using electro spark machining process. The influence of the input process for electro spark production is studied in detail. From the analysis, the tool wear rate (TWR), surface roughness, and material removal rate (MRR) are investigated. The intensity of the electro spark produced at minimum pulse on-time 10 µs and maximum applied voltage (60 V). Variation in MRR is wide for a minimum pulse on time with low applied voltage. The surface roughness of the machined surface is also directly influenced by the in – efficient spark produced. The copper electrode with increase pulse duration the alloy behaves like a strong conductor to transmit electrical energy between the electrode and work material. The contribution of pulse on-time is maximum for material removal and tool wear rate. However, the surface finish depends on the applied voltage of the process designed. The impact on machined surfaces, micro-cracks, electro-discharge carter's, and recast material due to electrical discharge were assessed using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The experimental value shows that material removal depends on the pulse on process timings and applied voltage. Thus, by using mathematical analysis the influence of (electric discharge machining) EDM process parameters was evaluated.
Ground-penetrating Radar as Phenotyping Tool for Characterizing Intraspecific Variability in Root Traits of Pinus Halepensis
Authors: Lombardi Erica , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Rodríguez-Robles Ulises , Dios Víctor Resco de , Voltas Jordi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and AimDrought is the main factor limiting Mediterranean forest ecosystem productivity. Root systems are responsible for water uptake but intraspecific variability in root morphology is poorly understood, mainly due to sampling complexity. The main aim of this study was to gain knowledge on the adaptive relevance of rooting traits for a widespread conifer using a non-invasive high-throughput technique.MethodsGround-Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used to characterize variability in coarse root features (frequency, depth, and diameter) among populations of the Mediterranean pine Pinus halepensis evaluated in a common garden. GPR records were analysed in relation to aboveground growth and also climate variables at origin of populations.ResultsGenotypic variability was detected for root traits among 56 range-wide populations categorized into 16 ecotypes. Root diameter of populations decreased eastward within the Mediterranean basin. Root frequency, but not depth and diameter, decreased following a northward gradient. Genotypic variation in root traits varied with climatic variables at origin such as summer to annual precipitation ratio, summer temperature and solar radiation. Particularly, root frequency increased with aridity, whereas root depth and diameter were maximum in ecotypes occupying the thermal midpoint of the species distribution range.Conclusion GPR is a high-throughput phenotyping tool that allows detection of intraspecific variation in root traits of Aleppo pine and its dependencies of eco-geographic characteristics at origin, thereby informing on the adaptive relevance of root systems for the species. It is also potentially suited for inferring population divergence in resource allocation above and belowground in forest genetic trials.