bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Person Knowledge in Medial Prefrontal Cortex during the Encoding of New Lifelike Events
Authors: Raykov Petar P , Keidel James L , Oakhill Jane , Bird Chris M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Our knowledge about people can help us predict how they will behave in particular situations and interpret their actions. In this study, we investigated the cognitive and neural effects of person knowledge on the encoding and retrieval of novel life-like events. Healthy human participants learnt about two characters over a week by watching 6 episodes of one of two situation comedies, which were both centered on a young couple. In the scanner, they watched and then silently recalled 20 new scenes from both shows that were all set in unfamiliar locations: 10 from their trained show and 10 from the untrained show. After scanning, participants’ recognition memory was better for scenes from the trained show. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) patterns of brain activity when watching the videos were reinstated during recall, but this effect was not modulated by training. However, person knowledge boosted the similarity in fMRI patterns of activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) when watching the new events involving familiar characters. Our findings identify a role for the MPFC in the representation of schematic person knowledge during the encoding of novel, lifelike events.
Effects of fasting on patients with chronic kidney disease during Ramadan and practical guidance for healthcare professionals
Authors: Malik Shafi , Bhanji Amir , Abuleiss Husham , Hamer Rizwan , Shah Shahzad H , Rashad Rafaqat , Junglee Naushad , Waqar Salman , Ghouri Nazim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are an estimated 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, with the majority of them choosing to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting, which requires abstinence from food and drink from dawn to sunset can be up to 20 h per day during the summer months in temperate regions. Fasting can be especially challenging in patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, there is concern that those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can experience electrolyte imbalance and worsening of renal function. In this article, current literature is reviewed and a decision-making management tool has been developed to assist clinicians in discussing the risks of fasting in patients with CKD, with consideration also given to circumstances such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our review highlights that patients with CKD wishing to fast should undergo a thorough risk assessment ideally within a month before Ramadan, as they may require medication changes and a plan for regular monitoring of renal function and electrolytes in order to fast safely. Recommendations have been based on risk tiers (very high risk, high risk and low–moderate risk) established by the International Diabetes Federation and the Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance. Patients in the very high risk and high risk categories should be encouraged to explore alternative options to fasting, while those in the low–moderate category may be able to fast safely with guidance from their clinician. Prior to the commencement of Ramadan, all patients must receive up-to-date education on sick-day rules and instructions on when to terminate their fast or abstain from fasting.
Traditional markers of cardiac toxicity fail to detect marked reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness among cancer patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment
Authors: Howden Erin J , Foulkes Steve , Dillon Hayley T , Bigaran Ashley , Wright Leah , Janssens Kristel , Comie Prue , Costello Benedict , La Gerche André 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is standard of care for evaluating chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity, although global longitudinal strain (GLS) offers advantages. However, neither change in LVEF or GLS has been associated with short-term symptoms, functional capacity, or long-term heart failure (HF) risk. We sought to determine whether an integrative measure of cardiovascular function (VO2peak) that is strongly associated with HF risk would be more sensitive to cardiac damage induced by cancer treatment than LVEF, GLS, or cardiac biomarkers.

Methods and results
Patients (n = 206, 53 ± 13 years, 35% male) scheduled to commence anti-cancer treatment completed assessment prior to, and within 6 months after therapy. Changes in echocardiographic measures of LV function (LVEF, GLS), cardiac biomarkers (troponin and BNP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) were measured. LV function was normal prior to treatment (LVEF 61 ± 5%; GLS −19.4 ± 2.1), but VO2peak was only 88 ± 26% of age-predicted. After treatment, VO2peak was reduced by 7 ± 15% (equivalent of 7 years normal ageing, P &lt; 0.0001) and the rates of functional disability (defined as VO2peak ≤ 18 mL/min/kg) almost doubled (15% vs. 26%, P = 0.016). In contrast, small, reductions in LVEF (59 ± 5% vs. 58 ± 5%, P = 0.03) and GLS (−19.4 ± 2.1 vs. −18.9 ± 2.2, P = 0.002) and an increase in troponin levels (4.0 ± 6.9 vs. 26.4 ± 26.2 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.0001) were observed.

Conclusion
Anti-cancer treatment is associated with marked reductions in functional capacity that occur independent of reductions in LVEF and GLS. The assessment of VO2peak prior to, and following treatment may be a more sensitive means of identifying patients at increased risk of HF.
True-severe stenosis in paradoxical low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis: outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Okuno Taishi , Corpataux Noé , Spano Giancarlo , Gräni Christoph , Heg Dik , Brugger Nicolas , Lanz Jonas , Praz Fabien , Stortecky Stefan , Siontis George C M , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
The ESC/EACTS guidelines propose criteria that determine the likelihood of true-severe aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to investigate the impact of the guideline-based criteria of the likelihood of true-severe AS in patients with low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) AS with preserved ejection fraction (pEF) on outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results
In a prospective TAVR registry, LFLG-AS patients with pEF were retrospectively categorized into high (criteria ≥6) and intermediate (criteria &lt;6) likelihood of true-severe AS. Haemodynamic, functional, and clinical outcomes were compared with high-gradient AS patients with pEF. Among 632 eligible patients, 202 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for LFLG-AS. Significant haemodynamic improvement after TAVR was observed in LFLG-AS patients, irrespective of the likelihood. Although &gt;70% of LFLG-AS patients had functional improvement, impaired functional status [New York Heart Association (NYHA III/IV)] persisted more frequently at 1 year in LFLG-AS than in high-gradient AS patients (7.8%), irrespective of the likelihood (high: 17.4%, P = 0.006; intermediate: 21.1%, P &lt; 0.001). All-cause death at 1 year occurred in 6.6% of high-gradient AS patients, 10.9% of LFLG-AS patients with high likelihood [hazard ratio (HR)adj 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–3.02], and in 7.2% of those with intermediate likelihood (HRadj 0.92, 95% CI 0.39–2.18). Among the criteria, only the absence of aortic valve area ≤0.8 cm2 emerged as an independent predictor of treatment futility, a combined endpoint of all-cause death or NYHA III/IV at 1 year (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.14–6.25).

Conclusion
Patients with LFLG-AS with pEF had comparable survival but worse functional status at 1 year than high-gradient AS with pEF, irrespective of the likelihood of true-severe AS.

Clinical Trial Registration
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. NCT01368250.
Multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome predicts outcome in heart failure: the T.O.S.CA. Registry
Authors: Cittadini Antonio , Salzano Andrea , Iacoviello Massimo , Triggiani Vincenzo , Rengo Giuseppe , Cacciatore Francesco , Maiello Ciro , Limongelli Giuseppe , Masarone Daniele , Perticone Francesco , Cimellaro Antonio , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Paolillo Stefania , Mancini Antonio , Volterrani Maurizio , Vriz Olga , Castello Roberto , Passantino Andrea , Campo Michela , Modesti Pietro A , De Giorgi Alfredo , Monte Ines P , Puzzo Alfonso , Ballotta Andrea , D’Assante Roberta , Arcopinto Michele , Gargiulo Paola , Sciacqua Angela , Bruzzese Dario , Colao Annamaria , Napoli Raffaele , Suzuki Toru , Eagle Kim A , Ventura Hector O , Marra Alberto M , Bossone Eduardo ,   the T.O.S.CA. Investigators
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Recent evidence supports the occurrence of multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome (MHDS) in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, no large observational study has unequivocally demonstrated its impact on CHF progression and outcome. The T.O.S.CA. (Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco; Hormone Treatment in Heart Failure) Registry has been specifically designed to test the hypothesis that MHDS affects morbidity and mortality in CHF patients.

Methods and Results
The T.O.S.CA. Registry is a prospective, multicentre, observational study involving 19 Italian centres. Thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1, total testosterone, dehydropianoandrosterone sulfate, insulin resistance, and the presence of diabetes were evaluated. A MHDS was defined as the presence of ≥2 hormone deficiencies (HDs). Primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Four hundred and eighty heart failure patients with ejection fraction ≤45% were enrolled. MHDS or diabetes was diagnosed in 372 patients (77.5%). A total of 271 events (97 deaths and 174 cardiovascular hospitalizations) were recorded, 41% in NO-MHDS and 62% in MHDS (P &lt; 0.001). Median follow-up was of 36 months. MHDS was independently associated with the occurrence of the primary endpoint [hazard ratio 95% (confidence interval), 1.93 (1.37–2.73), P &lt; 0.001] and identified a group of patients with a higher mortality [2.2 (1.28–3.83), P = 0.01], with a graded relation between HDs and cumulative events (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
MHDS is common in CHF and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization, representing a promising therapeutic target.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT023358017
Development and validation of a patient-report measure of safety climate for general practice
Authors: Madden Caoimhe , Lydon Sinéad , Murphy Andrew W , O’Connor Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients remain an under-utilized source of information on patient safety, as reflected by the dearth of patient-report measures of safety climate, particularly for use in general practice settings. Extant measures are marked by poor coverage of safety climate domains, inadequate psychometric properties and/or lack of consideration of usability.

Objective
To develop a novel patient-report measure of safety climate specifically for completion by general practice patients, and to establish the validity, reliability and usability of this measure.

Methods
An iterative process was used to develop the safety climate measure, with patient and general practitioner input. A cross-sectional design was employed to examine the validity (content, construct and convergent), reliability (internal consistency), and usability (readability and burden) of the measure.

Results
A total of 584 general practice patients completed the measure. The exploratory factor analysis identified five factors pertaining to safety climate in general practice: Feeling of Safety with GP; Practice Staff Efficiency and Teamwork; Staff Stress and Workload; Patient Knowledge and Accountability, and; Safety Systems and Behaviours. These factors strongly correlated with two global safety measures, demonstrating convergent validity. The measure showed strong internal consistency, and was considered usable for patients as indicated by readability and duration of completion.

Conclusion
Our novel measure of safety climate for use in general practice demonstrates favourable markers of validity, reliability and usability. This measure will provide a mechanism for the patient voice to be heard in patient safety measurement, and to be used to improve patient safety in general practice.
Malesherbes and the Crisis of 1787–8
Authors: Campbell Peter R , Hardman John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chrétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721–94) was a minister for Louis XVI twice and his second ministry coincided with the pre-revolutionary crisis of 1787–8. He wrote long contemporaneous memoranda for the king that were in the family archives, unavailable until 2010 when they were published. He was a well-placed and acute observer seen here discussing and analysing policy. This article considers how his writings can help us to understand the characteristics of the crisis and the strategies of the ministry, the opposition of the parlementaires, and the way political mismanagement deepened the implications of an escalating and increasingly unmanageable situation for the monarchy. Malesherbes offers an insider’s understanding of the importance of public opinion to the reform agenda, and throws new light on the parlementaires’s call for the Estates-General. The article is a lengthy analysis of newly available primary sources.
Coronary Revascularization and Postoperative Outcomes in People With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Vu Mai , Koponen Marjaana , Taipale Heidi , Kettunen Raimo , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tolppanen Anna-Maija 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known on the incidence and postoperative outcomes of revascularizations according to electivity in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsThe Medication Use and Alzheimer’s disease (MEDALZ) cohort includes 70 718 community dwellers diagnosed with incident AD during 2005–2011 in Finland. For each person with AD, 1–4 age-, sex-, and hospital district-matched comparison persons without AD were identified. Altogether 448 persons with AD and 5909 without AD underwent revascularization during the follow-up. The outcomes were 30-day and 90-day re-admission rate after discharge, and all-cause 1-year and 3-year mortality. Risk of outcomes in persons with AD were compared to those without AD using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted with age, sex, comorbidities, statin use, revascularization type, length of stay, and support at discharge.ResultPeople with AD had less revascularizations (adjusted hazard ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.22–0.27). Emergency procedures were more common (42.6% vs 33.1%) than elective procedures (34.2% vs 48.6%) among people with AD. There was no difference in 30-day readmissions (0.97, 0.80–1.17) or 1-year mortality (1.04, 0.75–1.42) and 90 days readmission risk was lower in persons with AD (0.85, 0.74–0.98). People with AD had higher 3-year mortality (1.42, 1.15–1.74), but the risk increase was observed only for emergency (1.71, 1.27–2.31), not for elective procedures (0.96, 0.63–1.46).ConclusionPeople with AD did not have worse readmission and mortality outcomes following elective revascularization. These findings in conjunction with lower revascularization rate especially for elective procedures raise questions on the threshold for elective procedures in people with AD.
How do healthcare providers respond to multiple funding flows? A conceptual framework and options to align them
Authors: Barasa Edwine , Mathauer Inke , Kabia Evelyn , Ezumah Nkoli , Mbau Rahab , Honda Ayako , Dkhimi Fahdi , Onwujekwe Obinna , Phuong Hoang Thi , Hanson Kara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Provider payment methods are a key health policy lever because they influence healthcare provider behaviour and affect health system objectives, such as efficiency, equity, financial protection and quality. Previous research focused on analysing individual provider payment methods in isolation, or on the actions of individual purchasers. However, purchasers typically use a mix of provider payment methods to pay healthcare providers and most health systems are fragmented with multiple purchasers. From a health provider perspective, these different payments are experienced as multiple funding flows which together send a complex set of signals about where they should focus their effort. In this article, we argue that there is a need to expand the analysis of provider payment methods to include an analysis of the interactions of multiple funding flows and the combined effect of their incentives on the provision of healthcare services. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of multiple funding flows to health facilities and present a conceptual framework to guide their analysis. The framework hypothesizes that when healthcare providers receive multiple funding flows, they may find certain funding flows more favourable than others based on how these funding flows compare to each other on a range of attributes. This creates a set of incentives, and consequently, healthcare providers may alter their behaviour in three ways: resource shifting, service shifting and cost shifting. We describe these behaviours and how they may affect health system objectives. Our analysis underlines the need to align the incentives generated by multiple funding flows. To achieve this, we propose three policy strategies that relate to the governance of healthcare purchasing: reducing the fragmentation of health financing arrangements to decrease the number of multiple purchaser arrangements and funding flows; harmonizing signals from multiple funding flows; and constraining providers from responding to undesirable incentives.
Developing a new flexible tool for handover
Authors: Magnezi Racheli , Gazit Inbal , Bass Arie , Tal Orna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Transferring medical information among professionals and between shifts is a crucial process, allowing continuity of care and safety, especially for complex patients in life-threatening situations. This process, handover, requires focusing on specific, essential medical information while filtering out redundant and unnecessary details.

Objectives
To create and implement a tool for handover that would be flexible enough to meet the unique needs of specific departments.

Methods
We used Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) methodology to prospectively develop, implement, evaluate and reassess a new handover tool in a 900-bed teaching hospital in central Israel. Nurses from 35 departments participated in developing a tool that presents the staff’s viewpoint regarding the most critical information needed for handover.

Results
A total of 78 nurse managers and 15 doctors (63.7%) completed the questionnaire. Based on exploratory factor analysis, 15 items explained 58.9% of the variance. Four key areas for handover were identified, in addition to basic patient identification: (i) updated clinical status, (ii) medical information, (iii) special clinical treatment and (iv) treatments not yet initiated. Subsequently, a Flexible Handover Structured Tool (FAST) was designed that identifies patients’ needs and is flexible for the specific needs of departments. Revisions based on hands-on experience led to high nurse satisfaction with the new tool in most departments. The FAST format was adopted easily during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Implementing a new handover tool—FAST—was challenging, but rewarding. Using PDSA methodology enabled continuous monitoring, oversight and adaptive corrections for better implementation of this new handover reporting tool.
The Impact of Breast Density Information or Notification on Women’s Cognitive, Psychological, and Behavioral Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nickel Brooke , Copp Tessa , Brennan Meagan , Farber Rachel , McCaffery Kirsten , Houssami Nehmat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast density (BD) is an independent risk factor for breast cancer and reduces the sensitivity of mammography. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence from existing studies to understand the impact of BD information and/or notification on women’s cognitive, psychological, and behavioral outcomes.

Methods
Studies were identified via relevant database searches up to March 2020. Two authors evaluated the eligibility of studies with verification from the study team, extracted and crosschecked data, and assessed the risk of bias.

Results
Of the 1134 titles identified, 29 studies were included. Twenty-three studies were quantitative, including only 1 randomized controlled trial of women receiving BD information, and 6 were qualitative. Twenty-seven studies were conducted in the United States, with 19 conducted post-BD legislation. The overall results in terms of BD awareness, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and intentions were heterogeneous across included studies, with the strongest consistency demonstrated regarding the importance of communication with and involvement of health-care professionals. Together, the studies did, however, highlight that there is still limited awareness of BD in the community, especially in more socioeconomic disadvantaged communities, and limited knowledge about what BD means and the implications for women. Importantly, BD information in the context of overall breast cancer risk has not yet been studied.

Conclusions
There are important gaps in the understanding of the impact of BD information or notification on women and how best to communicate BD information to women. More high-quality evidence to inform both current and future practice related to BD is still needed.
On the environmental civil public interest litigation system for the protection of the climate in China: Comments on two cases from a pragmatism perspective
Authors: Jin Fengliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines and analyses the environmental civil public interest litigation system in the protection of climate change in China through two cases, the All-China Environment Protection Federation v Zhenhua Co, Ltd for air pollution and Friends of Nature v State Grid Gansu Electric Power Corporation for full-purchase of all on-grid power produced by renewable energy.
The wheat Seven in absentia gene is associated with increases in biomass and yield in hot climates
Authors: Thomelin Pauline , Bonneau Julien , Brien Chris , Suchecki Radoslaw , Baumann Ute , Kalambettu Priyanka , Langridge Peter , Tricker Penny , Fleury Delphine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity is severely reduced by high temperatures. Breeding of heat-tolerant cultivars can be achieved by identifying genes controlling physiological and agronomical traits when high temperatures occur and using these to select superior genotypes, but no gene underlying genetic variation for heat tolerance has previously been described. We advanced the positional cloning of qYDH.3BL, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on bread wheat chromosome 3B associated with increased yield in hot and dry climates. The delimited genomic region contained 12 putative genes and a sequence variant in the promoter region of one gene, Seven in absentia, TaSINA. This was associated with the QTL’s effects on early vigour, root growth, plant biomass, and yield components in two distinct wheat populations grown under various growth conditions. Near isogenic lines carrying the positive allele at qYDH.3BL underexpressed TaSINA and had increased vigour and water use efficiency early in development, as well as increased biomass, grain number, and grain weight following heat stress. A survey of worldwide distribution indicated that the positive allele became widespread from the 1950s through the CIMMYT wheat breeding programme but, to date, has been selected only in breeding programmes in Mexico and Australia.