bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbamazepine-Induced Hematological and Immunological Alterations in Egyptian Children with Idiopathic Generalized Seizures
Authors: El-Shimi Ola Samir , Farag Amina Ali , El-Rebigi Amany Mohammed , Kharboush Taghrid Gamaleldin , Bayomy Hanaa El-Sayed , Khashaba Rana Atef 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that is still used for the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures in children. Long-term use of AEDs induces potential toxic effects that may remain undetermined for a long time. Earlier studies have revealed a wide spectrum of hematological toxicities associated with CBZ. This study was conducted to unveil the toxic effects of carbamazepine as an antiepileptic monotherapy on hematological and immunological parameters in a group of Egyptian pediatric patients using it for different durations. Fifty pediatric epileptics of either sex were enrolled; 38 were taking CBZ as antiepileptic monotherapy for ≥ 6 months and 12 were newly diagnosed untreated patients. Hematological and immunological parameters studied were compared with their age and sex-matched 15 controls and among groups. CBZ was found more toxic for total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, serum IgA and IgM levels (p < 0.001, 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Hemoglobin level, platelets count, serum C4 level and IgA were negatively correlated with serum CBZ level (Spearman's rho = – 0.62, – 0.42, – 0.34, – 0.13; p < 0.001, 0.008, 0.04, 0.44, respectively). CBZ treatment duration associated inversely with platelets, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts (p < 0.001, 0.03, 0.01, respectively). Epileptic children on CBZ monotherapy had their hematologic and immunologic systems affected, which mandates routine monitoring of these children.
Revisiting King Appliance Space Regainer in Children: A Case Report with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Deep Aman , Chawla Dipti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent times, for successful resolution of space discrepancies, a plethora of interceptive measures involving nonextraction approaches have been employed judiciously. Immaculate diagnosis and treatment planning help to prevent failure in diagnosing a case of space discrepancy and space regaining. This article describes a case in which space loss in the posterior quadrant of mandibular arch was successfully regained by employing King Appliance space regainer in an adolescent male, following which successful eruption of unerupted tooth took place. Additionally, after 1 year of follow-up, no marked reduction in arch dimension was seen.
Double Fascicular Transfer Using Partially Injured Donor Nerves: Is It Powerful Enough to Restore Elbow Flexion in Acute Brachial Plexus Injuries?
Authors: Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Lee Che-Hsiung , Lin Yu-Ching , Lin Yenpo , Zelenski Nicole A. , Lin Jennifer An-Jou , Zavala Abraham , Sung Cheyenne Wei-Hsuan , Chen Lisa Wen-Yu , Chuang David Chwei-Chin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Loss of elbow flexion is a common sequela of acute brachial plexus injuries (BPIs). The Mackinnon/Oberlin-II double fascicular transfer (DFT) is a widely used method to restore this function in acute C5–6 or C5–7 injuries. This study attempted to evaluate if this technique can be applied reliably for cases involving C8 and/or T1 injuries.
Methods Adult patients with acute BPIs who underwent the Mackinnon/Oberlin-II DFT in our center between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Group I (n = 37) included patients with only C5–6 or C5–7 injury, while group II (n = 32) patients presented C5–8 ± T1 injuries. The demographic data, pre- and postoperative neurologic evaluations, electrodiagnostic studies, and grip strength assessment were collected.
Results A total of 69 patients met the inclusion criteria. Preoperatively, the patients in group II presented poorer nerve conduction and electromyography in both the median and the ulnar nerves and the supply muscles. The percentage of M3 achievement in both groups was 91.9 versus 87.5% and M4 was 73.0 and 71.9%, respectively, which both were not statically significant but the achievement of group II was slower than the group I, 1 to 2 months slower, respectively. Both groups had 57.57 and 46.0% of the postoperative grip power compared with the healthy side, the result of shoulder abduction was not different (p = 0.480).
Conclusion With careful preoperative evaluation, early intervention, appropriate intraoperative functional fascicle selection, and aggressive postoperative rehabilitation, indications for the Mackinnon/Oberlin-II DFT technique can safely include acute C5–8 injuries and even partial T1 acute BPIs.
Phosphonium ionic liquid-promoted Ce-doped nitrogen-rich TiO2 for degradation gaseous pollutant under visible light irradiation
Authors: He Xiaodong , Zhu Jiamei , Tan Liang , Wang Hongmin , Zhou Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Altering physicochemical properties of TiO2 based on modifying the cation and anion structure of ionic liquids (ILs) is of great interests for environment. Up to date, the research involving IL-assisted synthesis of TiO2 was focused on imidazolium IL, and much less attention was devoted to IL with other structures. Hence, strategy for preparation of TiO2 in phosphonium IL is presented to control the growth of TiO2 nanocrystals. The as-prepared noble cerium-doped nitrogen-rich phosphonium IL-TiO2 photocatalyst with assisted by tributyl(propyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate exhibits a higher specific surface area and smaller crystallite size, which is conducive to the production of more and faster active substance, such as hydroxyl oxygen. When evaluated for photocatalysis of gaseous toluene under visible light irradiation, the sample manifests high degradation rate and efficiency, as well as excellent recycling performance due to the existence of superoxide radical produced by the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox reaction. The introduction of phosphonium IL and Ce greatly enhanced charge separation efficiency and promoted production of active substances. Nitrogen also existed in the form of interstitial nitrogen and substituted nitrogen improves its response to visible light. This work shows promising application of phosphonium IL for highly enhanced TiO2 photocatalytic performance.
Carbon dots derived from Beta vulgaris: evaluation of its potential as antioxidant and anticancer agent
Authors: Smrithi S P , Kottam Nagaraju , Muktha H , Mahule Apurva M , Chamarti Keertana , Vismaya V , Sharath R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) endowed with outstanding physico-chemical characteristics expeditiously garnered tremendous popularity in the scientific community. CDs can be synthesized from a variety of natural resources and can replace metal semiconductor quantum dots in the range of applications such as bio-imaging, sensing and catalysis. Herein, CDs are green synthesized from Beta vulgaris via a single step hydrothermal approach (b-CDs). The synthesized carbon dots are characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The b-CDs hence developed exhibited the signature ‘excitation-dependent fluorescence emission’ with its most intense emission in the green region. The quantum yield for the b-CDs obtained by this synthetic approach evinced an appreciable value of 11.6%. The antioxidant property of b-CDs are evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to obtain a maximum scavenging activity of 94.5% at a concentration of 1000 μg ml−1 and its underlying mechanisms are illustrated. The blood compatibility of b-CDs are assessed using haemolysis assay and the cytotoxicity evaluated using MTT assay shows significant cell growth-inhibition against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. This succinct study demonstrates the inherent therapeutic potential of biocompatible carbon dots.
Understanding electron transport in halogenated graphene nanoribbons and possible application as interconnects
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Srivastava Anurag , Kaushal Gaurav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To analyse the suitability of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) as interconnects, the influence of halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) passivation on ZGNRs has been analysed in terms of structural stability, electron transport, and thermal conductivity, as well as the performance parameters of the interconnects. The computation is performed using first-principle density functional theory with a non-equilibrium Green’s function approach, while the performance parameters of the interconnects such as delay and power delay product are computed using a HSPICE simulator tool. The formation energy analysis confirms the stability trend for halogen-passivated ZGNRs as F > Cl > Br > I. With moderate stability, the I- and Br-passivated ZGNRs have relatively better current–voltage characteristics in comparison to F and Cl. However, the Cl-passivated ZGNRs have relatively better interconnect parameters in comparison to other proposed halogenated systems (one edge and both edges), measured in terms of kinetic inductance and quantum capacitance. Another requirement of any good interconnect is less delay and less average power, which have also been computed and found to be relatively better in the case of Cl-passivated ZGNRs. Thus, among the halogen-passivated GNRs tested, those that are Cl-passivated defend their selection for interconnect applications well.
Low-frequency noise characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with and without a p-GaN gate layer
Authors: Yang Shih-Sheng , Hsin Yue-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, low-frequency noise characteristics of commercial AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with different substrates and devices with and without a p-GaN gate layer are measured and discussed. The noise power spectral density (PSD) of various devices are compared and analyzed under linear-region operation. The 1/f noise behavior exhibits carrier number fluctuation as the dominant cause. Devices with p-GaN gate layer fabricated on Si substrate show the highest normalized noise PSD. Results show that not only flicker noise (1/f noise) exists but that it also accompanied by generation–recombination noise (g–r noise) in the device on SiC substrate. The extracted g–r noise related traps show an activation energy of ∼0.37 eV, which is mostly caused by spatial charges trapping/detrapping with the deep acceptor in the GaN buffer layer.
Long-term nitrogen deposition does not exacerbate soil acidification in tropical broadleaf plantations
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhang Wei , Li Yuelin , Wang Senhao , Mao Jinhua , Mo Jiangming , Zheng Mianhai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition induces soil acidification in natural forests; however, whether it increases soil acidity in tropical plantations with simple tree structures compared with natural forests remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N deposition on the soil acidity of tropical broadleaf plantations dominated byAcacia auriculiformisandEucalyptus urophyllain South China, which has been enduring N deposition for over 30 years, and investigate the reasons for the changes in soil acidity. Long-term N addition did not affect soil acidity in the two plantations, with no significant changes in soil pH values, and exchangeable non-acidic and acidic cation concentrations. Long-term N deposition did not significantly affect the plant and total soil N concentrations, but significantly increased the soil nitrous oxide emission rates and total dissolved N concentrations in the soil solutions. Our findings indicate that most of the added N was lost via leaching and emissions, such that long-term N addition did not exacerbate soil acidification in broadleaf plantations, thereby providing novel insight into the effects of atmospheric N deposition on forest ecosystems. Overall, our study indicates that long-term N deposition does not always lead to soil acidification in tropical forests, as previously expected.
IABR Symposium 2021 meeting report: breath standardization, sampling, and testing in a time of COVID-19
Authors: Schmidt Alexander J , Salman Dahlia , Pleil Joachim , Thomas C L Paul , Davis Cristina E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to COVID-19 travel disruptions, the International Association of Breath Research hosted the planned 2021 Breath Summit virtually as a symposium with oral and poster presentations. The event was comprised of a week-long social media asynchronous online event for sharing research abstracts, posters and discussions. Subsequently, there were two days of real-time webinar platform interactions each featuring three technical presentations, open forum questions, answers, and commentary. The symposium was well attended and well received. It allowed the breath community to share new research and to reconnect with colleagues and friends. This report presents an overview of the topics presented and various salient discussion points.
Influence of extra chromium addition on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion behaviour of high carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15 deposited through laser cladding on steel baseplate for tillage application
Authors: Aramide Basiru , Popoola Patricia , Sadiku Rotimi , Jamiru Tamba , Pityana Sisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Laser cladding is an additive manufacturing technology utilised in surface strengthening, modification, and repair of components subjected to adverse working conditions, such as tillage tools, which is accomplished by adding functionally graded material with a remarkable limit to enhancing an engaged credited property of monolithic material that is superior and better than its monolithic counterparts. In this comparative study, FeCrV15 and FeCrV15 + Cr deposits were deposited on steel baseplate through Laser Additive manufacturing (laser cladding), and the hardness, microstructure and corrosion behaviour of the developed samples were examined and compared. The effect of extra addition of chromium on the corrosion behaviour of the high carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15 in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. The morphologies of the microstructures were analysed with the Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Optical microscope, x-ray diffractometer and Vicker microhardness tester. The result shows that extra chromium addition greatly influences the hardness, microstructural formation and corrosion behaviour of high carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15.
Drug delivery by SiC nanotubes as nanocarriers for anti-cancer drugs: investigation of drug encapsulation and system stability using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Faizi Atousa , Kalantar Zahra , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since much attention has been paid to the targeted drug delivery system, using the molecular dynamics simulation, the present work has been devoted to clarify the potential of the silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) as a new carrier for the three common anti-cancer drugs temozolomide, carmustine, and cisplatin. Three zigzag single-walled nanotubes with different diameters, i.e. SiC(18,0), SiC(20,0), and SiC(22,0), in pure and decorated with the hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups are selected to assess the effect of the functional groups as well as the diameter effect on the drug encapsulation process. The effects of binding energy, probability of finding the drugs along the nanotube length, mean square displacement, and body temperate as well as the zeta potential for the stability of the drug delivery system in the blood stream are evaluated. The results showed that the cisplatin does not encapsulate into the selected SiCNTs. However, the pure nanotubes show a high stability in the blood stream but the magnitude of their interaction energies with the temozolomide and carmustine drugs is less than −10 kcal mol−1, which does not guarantee that the drug will remain bonded to the nanotubes in the blood stream. Also the presence of the carboxyl functional group on the nanotube surface not only has no significant effect on the interaction energies but also decreases the stability of the drug delivery system. Decorating the edge nanotubes with the hydroxyl group causes the interaction between temozolomide and SiCNTs into chemisorption (−10 to −40 kcal mol−1) while the variation in binding energy of the carmustine is not remarkable. Finally, the zeta-potential results showed that the edge nanotubes decorated with the hydroxyl group due to a high stability in the blood stream as well as the strong interaction with the drugs temozolomide and carmustine is an appropriate carrier for the targeted drug delivery.
Productivity curve and social network analysis in science megaproject management
Authors: Bentley Phillip M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Megaprojects aimed at delivering next-generation, multi-billion euro scientific research facilities are complex and high-risk endeavours, requiring expert knowledge spanning a wide spectrum of technical and administrative fields. Such organisations tend to evolve organically, responding to technical and political challenges. They are almost certain to fail to meet expectations on schedule, budget, and deliverables. Whilst there have been illuminating ‘top-down’ phenomenological megaproject studies recently, this article reports a ‘bottom-up’ perspective on the emergence of these issues. Firstly, the staff productivity distribution curves are analysed at a European science megaproject, and a stratified culture is identified: there is a small, high productivity ‘clique’, and a vast, low-productivity group of ‘outsiders’ operating at only 50% of their potential. The social network is then analysed, revealing a dense decision-making group that is only tenuously connected to technical expert teams via hierarchy. Staff inefficiency is linked to superfluous roles in middle management, carrying increased bureaucratic burdens and a financial loss ∼10% of the annual salary budget. Corrective suggestions are given, for the current megaproject and future activities to mitigate these causes. This should help to reduce some of the overspend, schedule overrun, and reductions in ambition and scope that have become megaproject norms.
Some specific solutions to the translation-invariant N-body harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian
Authors: Willemyns Cintia T , Semay Claude 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The resolution of the Schrödinger equation for the translation-invariant N-body harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian in D dimensions with one-body and two-body interactions is performed by diagonalizing a matrix

J

of order

N
−
1

. It has been previously established that the diagonalization can be analytically performed in specific situations, such as for

N
≤
5

or for N identical particles. We show that the matrix

J

is diagonal, and thus the problem can be analytically solved, for any number of arbitrary masses provided some specific relations exist between the coupling constants and the masses. We present analytical expressions for the energies under those constraints.
Magnetic nanomaterials-mediated cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Huan , Zhang Tingbin , Wang Yanyun , Jiao Wangbo , Lu Xiaofeng , Gao Xiao , Xie Mengmeng , Shan Qingfeng , Wen Nana , Liu Chen , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Fan Haiming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials have been widely used in various biomedical applications, which have seen accelerating interest since the breakthrough in the chemical synthesis of monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) possess excellent biocompatibility, and they can produce multiple physicochemical effects when exposed to magnetic fields. Due to this rapid development in MIONs for cancer diagnosis and therapy, it becomes necessary to present a comprehensive review paper from the biomedical engineering perspective. This review will present an overview of the recent synthesis methods used in the preparation of magnetic nanomaterials. We will then focus on the application of magnetic nanomaterials in imaging and therapy technology, and we will also evaluate their biosafety in vitro, in vivo, and clinical aspects. The therapeutic effects of magnetic theranostics, magnetocatalytic therapy, magnetically targeted therapy, and magnetothermal therapy under the guidance of imaging diagnosis will also be discussed in this review. Finally, we will briefly analyze the challenges of implementing magnetic nanomaterials as a nano-platform for imaging diagnosis and treatment, and we will also offer suggestions for future research in this field.
Differential resistance based self-sensing recurrent neural network model for position estimation and control of antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy actuator
Authors: Bhargaw Hari N. , Singh Samarth , Botre B A , Sinha Poonam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the development and experimental investigation of recurrent neural network (RNN) based self-sensing position estimation (SSPE) model for shape memory alloy actuator (SMA). RNN is used as an estimator in the position feedback control loop to replace the external additional position sensor. The model was inspired by the physics-based analogy of the Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) system for the antagonistic SMA wire actuator. Actuator displacement presents the hysteresis and non-linear dynamic relationship with observed differential resistance (sensing signal) during phase transformation. The resistance variation causes due to dissimilar resistivity between primary phases of SMA material. The RNN based estimation model was considered because it consists of memory elements for storing the processed information and feedback connections for dynamic modeling of the system. RNN was trained with input sensing signal and target displacement datasets. The estimation accuracy of the model was real-time evaluated during trajectory tracking of reference signals in the feedback control loop. A quantitative performance analysis is assessed in terms of correlation (ℛ), mean absolute error (MEA), and root mean square error (RSME) of the learned model along with the developed actuator system. The tracking results confirm the close agreement between estimated and measured displacement at a reasonable accuracy.