bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arguments about face masks and Covid-19 reflect broader methodologic debates within medical science
Authors: Pearce Neil , Vandenbroucke Jan Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has perhaps been no issue as contentious in Covid-19 as face masks. The most contentious scientific debate has been between those who argue that “there is no scientific evidence”, by which they mean that there are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs), versus those who argue that when the evidence is considered together, “the science supports that face coverings save lives”. It used to be a ‘given’ that to decide whether a particular factor, either exogenous or endogenous, can cause a particular disease, and in what order of magnitude, one should consider all reasonably cogent evidence. This approach is being increasingly challenged, both scientifically and politically. The scientific challenge has come from methodologic views that focus on the randomized controlled trial (RCT) as the scientific gold standard, with priority being given, either to evidence from RCTs or to observational studies which closely mimic RCTs. The political challenge has come from various interests calling for the exclusion of epidemiological evidence from consideration by regulatory and advisory committees.
European environmental governance and the post-ecology perspective: a critical analysis of the Water Framework Directive
Authors: Di Quarto Fausto , Zinzani Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the framework of critical geographies of the environment, this paper discusses European environmental governance and reflects on its policies, practices and discourses. In this context, we analyze the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as a key, ground-breaking policy aimed at reconfiguring European water governance by foregrounding principles of sustainability and participation. By adopting a political ecology approach and the post-ecology analytical perspective, this research analyzes the nature of the WFD with its aims of reconfiguring national water politics in terms of policies, mechanisms and discourses by reflecting on the contradictions and controversies surrounding the directive. Methodologically, the research uses a critical analysis and review of both theoretical and empirical academic literature and policy reports. The paper shows that political ecology, and the post-ecology perspective in particular, can be used to critically reflect on the WFD as a policy oriented towards technocratic governance and participatory arrangements that blur democratic political debate, marginalize conflicts and foster the politics of unsustainability.
Measurement of the (p, ρ, T) Behavior of Liquid MEA and DEA at Temperatures from (293.15 to 423.15) K and Pressures up to 90 MPa
Authors: Scholz Christian W. , Span Roland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDensities in the homogeneous liquid phase of (mono-)ethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) were investigated using a commercially available high-pressure vibrating-tube densimeter (VTD). Due to the melting point of the experimental materials, the setup of the VTD had to be modified by an insulated housing of the entire piping including the pressure pump. The insulated housing could be heated up by a temperature-controlled heating fan. The liquid samples with a purity of (0.9994 or 0.9950) mole fraction, respectively, were decanted within an inert protective argon atmosphere and further degassed by several freeze–pump–thaw cycles. Density measurements were carried out at temperatures between (293, respectively, 313 and 423) K and at pressures between (5 and 90) MPa. The resulting 140, respectively, 120 (p, ρ, T) data points, explicitly extend the published database for MEA and DEA, with regards to pressure. A comparison with the currently used equations of state for MEA and DEA revealed a maximum relative deviation of – 0.18 % for MEA and – 0.41 % for DEA, each at the highest investigated temperature and pressure. Considering the measurement uncertainties in temperature, pressure, and oscillation period, as well as uncertainties resulting from the calibration and from the impurities of the sample, the combined expanded relative uncertainty (k = 2) in density varied from (0.1027 to 0.1038) % and from (0.1104 to 0.1130) %, respectively. The VTD was previously calibrated by comprehensive measurements of water and helium and had been further validated by measurements with pure propane.
Topic-independent modeling of user knowledge in informational search sessions
Authors: Yu Ran , Tang Rui , Rokicki Markus , Gadiraju Ujwal , Dietze Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeb search is among the most frequent online activities. In this context, widespread informational queries entail user intentions to obtain knowledge with respect to a particular topic or domain. To serve learning needs better, recent research in the field of interactive information retrieval has advocated the importance of moving beyond relevance ranking of search results and considering a user’s knowledge state within learning oriented search sessions. Prior work has investigated the use of supervised models to predict a user’s knowledge gain and knowledge state from user interactions during a search session. However, the characteristics of the resources that a user interacts with have neither been sufficiently explored, nor exploited in this task. In this work, we introduce a novel set of resource-centric features and demonstrate their capacity to significantly improve supervised models for the task of predicting knowledge gain and knowledge state of users in Web search sessions. We make important contributions, given that reliable training data for such tasks is sparse and costly to obtain. We introduce various feature selection strategies geared towards selecting a limited subset of effective and generalizable features.
Screening for common eye diseases in the elderly with Optos ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: a pilot study with focus on ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Logroño Wiese Pablo Eduardo , Seeber Frank , Endres Anne-Sophie , Brockmann Claudia , Pleyer Uwe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeStudies on the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in a general population are rare. Therefore, we conducted this pilot study to assess whether a nonmydriatic ultra-wide-field (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is suitable for a simple, rapid screening procedure.MethodsThe population of this cross-sectional study was randomly recruited from a cohort of hospital-based patients in an urban geriatric hospital. Ophthalmologic evaluation was performed on 201 eyes from 101 participants through nonmydriatic UWF-SLO (Optos Daytona) and assessed for suspicious lesions and other relevant ocular findings. All images were evaluated by two independent examiners. Individuals who presented lesions with a morphological appearance suggestive of OT underwent fundoscopy and serological analysis ofToxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies.ResultsThe mean age of the study group was 76 years, and 63 (62%) were female. Despite many health restrictions, the SLO examination was carried out easily in this geriatric population. Three participants presented findings by SLO suspicious forT. gondii-related injury. Further clinical examination and serological investigation confirmed the diagnosis, with funduscopic evaluation and positiveT. gondiiELISA testing. In addition, a high rate of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemias within the cohort led to a high incidence of vascular changes and age-related fundus findings.ConclusionIn our study, we confirm that UWF-SLO technology is helpful in the rapid detection of peripheral retinal injuries in elderly patients such as OT and may be used as a routine screening tool.
Low intracranial pressure variability is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and unfavorable outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Howells Timothy , Hånell Anders , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
High intracranial pressure variability (ICPV) is associated with favorable outcome in traumatic brain injury, by mechanisms likely involving better cerebral blood flow regulation. However, less is known about ICPV in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this study, we investigated the explanatory variables for ICPV in aSAH and its association with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and clinical outcome.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 242 aSAH patients, treated at the neurointensive care, Uppsala, Sweden, 2008–2018, with ICP monitoring the first ten days post-ictus were included. ICPV was evaluated on three time scales: (1) ICPV-1 m—ICP slow wave amplitude of wavelengths between 55 and 15 s, (2) ICPV-30 m—the deviation from the mean ICP averaged over 30 min, and (3) ICPV-4 h—the deviation from the mean ICP averaged over 4 h. The ICPV measures were analyzed in the early phase (day 1–3), in the early vasospasm phase (day 4–6.5), and the late vasospasm phase (day 6.5–10).

Results
High ICPV was associated with younger age, reduced intracranial pressure/volume reserve (high RAP), and high blood pressure variability in multiple linear regression analyses for all ICPV measures. DCI was associated with reduced ICPV in both vasospasm phases. High ICPV-1 m in the post-ictal early phase and the early vasospasm phase predicted favorable outcome in multiple logistic regressions, whereas ICPV-30 m and ICPV-4 h in the late vasospasm phase had a similar association.

Conclusions
Higher ICPV may reflect more optimal cerebral vessel activity, as reduced values are associated with an increased risk of DCI and unfavorable outcome after aSAH.
Population pharmacokinetic characteristics of cemiplimab in patients with advanced malignancies
Authors: Yang Feng , Paccaly Anne J. , Rippley Ronda K. , Davis John D. , DiCioccio A. Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCemiplimab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with advanced malignancies and a safety profile comparable to other anti–PD-1 therapies. This population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) analysis of cemiplimab included 11,178 pharmacokinetics (PK) observations from 548 patients pooled from a first-in-human study (Study 1423; NCT02383212) in advanced malignancies and a Phase 2 study (Study 1540; NCT02760498) in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Most patients (80.3%) received cemiplimab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W) intravenously (IV). A PopPK model was developed by evaluating two-compartment linear models with an empirical non-linear function describing time-varying change in cemiplimab clearance and covariates that improved goodness-of-fit. PopPK simulations were used to describe cemiplimab exposure generated by a fixed 350 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W) IV dose regimen. PopPK modeling showed that a two-compartment model with zero-order IV infusion rate and first-order elimination rate well described individual concentrations of cemiplimab. Although several covariates, including baseline body weight and albumin concentrations, had a modest impact on cemiplimab exposure, the magnitude of influence was within the typical observed PK variability of approximately 30%. Based on PopPK simulation results, the 350 mg Q3W dose regimen was selected for further studies in advanced malignancies, including advanced CSCC. Similarity in observed cemiplimab exposure at the fixed 350 mg Q3W and the weight-based 3 mg/kg Q2W dose regimens confirmed this fixed dose selection. A robust PopPK model was developed to describe cemiplimab concentrations and supported use of the fixed 350 mg Q3W IV dose regimen.
A new European land systems representation accounting for landscape characteristics
Authors: Dou Yue , Cosentino Francesca , Malek Ziga , Maiorano Luigi , Thuiller Wilfried , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context
While land use change is the main driver of biodiversity loss, most biodiversity assessments either ignore it or use a simple land cover representation. Land cover representations lack the representation of land use and landscape characteristics relevant to biodiversity modeling.

Objectives
We developed a comprehensive and high-resolution representation of European land systems on a 1-km2 grid integrating important land use and landscape characteristics.

Methods
Combining the recent data on land cover and land use intensities, we applied an expert-based hierarchical classification approach and identified land systems that are common in Europe and meaningful for studying biodiversity. We tested the benefits of using this map as compared to land cover information to predict the distribution of bird species having different vulnerability to landscape and land use change.

Results
Next to landscapes dominated by one land cover, mosaic landscapes cover 14.5% of European terrestrial surface. When using the land system map, species distribution models demonstrate substantially higher predictive ability (up to 19% higher) as compared to models based on land cover maps. Our map consistently contributes more to the spatial distribution of the tested species than the use of land cover data (3.9 to 39.1% higher).

Conclusions
A land systems classification including essential aspects of landscape and land management into a consistent classification can improve upon traditional land cover maps in large-scale biodiversity assessment. The classification balances data availability at continental scale with vital information needs for various ecological studies.
Power-ing up neo-aristotelian natural goodness
Authors: Page Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSomething is good insofar as it achieves its end, so says a neo-Aristotelian view of goodness. Powers/dispositions are paradigm cases of entities that have an end, so say many metaphysicians. A question therefore arises, namely, can one account for neo-Aristotelian goodness in terms of an ontology of powers? This is what I shallbeginto explore in this paper. I will first provide a brief explication of both neo-Aristotelian goodness and the metaphysics of powers, before turning to investigate whether one can give an account of neo-Aristotelian goodness in terms of powers. I will suggest that the answer to this question is yes.
Theorizing disaster communitas
Authors: Matthewman Steve , Uekusa Shinya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisaster scholars have long complained that their field is theory light: they are much better at doing and saying than analyzing. The paucity of theory doubtless reflects an understandable focus on case studies and practical solutions. Yet this works against big picture thinking. Consequently, both our comprehension of social suffering and our ability to mitigate it are fragmented. Communitas is exemplary here. This refers to the improvisational acts of mutual help, collective feeling and utopian desires that emerge in the wake of disasters. It has been observed for as long as there has been a sociology of disasters. Within the field, there have been numerous efforts to name and describe it. Yet there has been far less enthusiasm to theorize it, which means that the disaster literature has not adequately explained the social conditions under which communitas arises (or fails to). In this article, we synthesize numerous case studies to do so. This takes us beyond simple statements of what communitas is and what it should be called, to considerations of the conditions under which it emerges, how it should be conceptualized, the factors that might prevent communitas, and how we might encourage it. While primarily a theoretical work, the identification of communitas’ facilitators and barriers have practical import for disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy as communitas has frequently proven to be a positive and potent force.
Modeling intentional agency: a neo-Gricean framework
Authors: Sarkia Matti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes three contrasting strategies for modeling intentional agency in contemporary analytic philosophy of mind and action, and draws parallels between them and similar strategies of scientific model-construction. Gricean modeling involves identifying primitive building blocks of intentional agency, and building up from such building blocks to prototypically agential behaviors. Analogical modeling is based on picking out an exemplary type of intentional agency, which is used as a model for other agential types. Theoretical modeling involves reasoning about intentional agency in terms of some domain-general framework of lawlike regularities, which involves no detailed reference to particular building blocks or exemplars of intentional agency (although it may involve coarse-grained or heuristic reference to some of them). Given the contrasting procedural approaches that they employ and the different types of knowledge that they embody, the three strategies are argued to provide mutually complementary perspectives on intentional agency.
Experimental Investigation of Gas Dynamic Effects Using Nanoporous Synthetic Materials as Tight Rock Analogues
Authors: Nolte Steffen , Fink Reinhard , Krooss Bernhard M. , Amann-Hildenbrand Alexandra , Wang Yue , Wang Moran , Schmatz Joyce , Klaver Jop , Littke Ralf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the understanding of gas transport processes in tight rocks (e.g., shales), systematic flow tests with different gases were conducted on artificial micro- to nanoporous analogue materials. Due to the rigidity of these systems, fluid-dynamic effects could be studied at elevated pressures without interference of poro-elastic effects. Flow tests with narrow capillaries did not reveal any viscosity anomaly in a confined space down to capillary diameters of 2 µm. Experiments with nanoporous ceramic disks (> 99% Al2O3) conducted at confining pressures from 10 to 50 MPa did not indicate any stress dependence of permeability coefficients. Analysis of the apparent permeability coefficients over a mean gas pressure range from 0.2 to 30.5 MPa showed essentially linear Klinkenberg trends with no indication of second-order slip flow. The Klinkenberg-corrected permeability coefficients measured with helium were consistently higher than those measured with all other gases under the same conditions. This “helium anomaly” was, however, less pronounced than the same effect observed in natural rocks, indicating that it is probably not related to fluid-dynamic effects but rather to gas–solid interactions (e.g., sorption). Permeability tests with CO2 on the nanoporous membrane show significant deviations from the linear Klinkenberg trend around the critical point. This is due to the drastic changes of the thermodynamic properties, in particular the isothermal compressibility, in this pressure and temperature range. Helium pycnometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry and low-pressure nitrogen sorption showed good agreement in terms of porosity (~ 28%) and the most prominent pore diameter (~ 68.5 nm).
Case study: the simulation modelling of selected activity in a warehouse operation
Authors: Saderova Janka , Rosova Andrea , Behunova Annamaria , Behun Marcel , Sofranko Marian , Khouri Samer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper deals with the simulation of selected activities in the warehouse. Routine logistics activities are the receipt of the goods, the control of the goods, and the goods’ storage in the warehousing system on the side of the entry into the warehouse. On the output side, these are activities such as picking, packing and shipping. The economy of warehouse operations depends on the efficiency of the logistics activities performed and on deployed the technical means. The paper’s main goal is to present a created simulation model for a selected warehouse activity—receipt of goods into the warehouse. This operation involves unloading the goods from the trucks, moving them to the physical receipt, where the quantitative and qualitative control of the goods is performed (acceptance of goods). An analysis of this activity preceded the creation of the simulation model under operating conditions. The research was performed by observing and measuring the forklift’s work cycle, which unloaded pallets from the trucks. The obtained data from the analysis were the input to the simulation model. The EXTENDSIM8 simulation system was used to create a simulation model. The several experiments were performed on the model after its creating and verifying the functionality. The paper evaluates 3 experiments and analyzes their results. The main benefit, novelty, of the article is the simulation of a selected activity for a specific company’s conditions. The experiments results are a reasonable basis for the creation of an operational tool for the company.
Intelligence as Accurate Prediction
Authors: Tjøstheim Trond A. , Stephens Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that intelligence can be approximated by the ability to produce accurate predictions. It is further argued that general intelligence can be approximated by context dependent predictive abilities combined with the ability to use working memory to abstract away contextual information. The flexibility associated with general intelligence can be understood as the ability to use selective attention to focus on specific aspects of sensory impressions to identify patterns, which can then be used to predict events in novel situations and environments. The argumentation synthesizes Godfrey-Smith’s environmental complexity theory, adding the notion of niche broadness as well as changes concerning the view of cognition and control, and Hohwy’s predictive mind theory, making explicit the significance of accuracy as a composite of trueness and precision where the nervous system acts as a distributed controller motivating actions that keep the body in homeostasis.
Propagation of curved folding: the folded annulus with multiple creases exists
Authors: Alese Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider developable surfaces which are isometric to planar domains and which are piecewise differentiable, exhibiting folds along curves. The paper revolves around the longstanding problem of existence of the so-called folded annulus with multiple creases, which we partially settle by building upon a deeper understanding of how a curved fold propagates to additional prescribed foldlines. After recalling some crucial properties of developables, we describe the local behaviour of curved folding employing normal curvature and relative torsion as parameters and then compute the very general relation between such geometric descriptors at consecutive folds, obtaining novel formulae enjoying a nice degree of symmetry. We make use of these formulae to prove that any proper fold can be propagated to an arbitrary finite number of rescaled copies of the first foldline and to give reasons why problems involving infinitely many foldlines are harder to solve.
Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
Authors: Chalklin Christopher G. , Ryan Harper Elizabeth G. , Beamish Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all age groups. Following its success in adults, and with limited success using conservative therapies, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly being utilized in adolescents. This review highlights the current evidence and guidelines supporting its use.

Recent Findings
Safety and efficacy mirror results seen in adults. The most recent evidence, as outcomes enter the long term, suggests that comorbidity resolution, including diabetes and hypertension, can even outperform that of adults. Mental health problems persist despite good weight loss. Overall, the positive early weight and comorbidity outcomes are well sustained into the long term.

Summary
There is a growing need to prevent and treat adolescent obesity. Current evidence supports the use of MBS in adolescents. Ongoing and future studies will provide 10-year outcomes and assist in the refinement of multimodal pathways incorporating MBS for the treatment of severe childhood obesity.