bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle on the sphere: group-theoretic quantization in the presence of a magnetic monopole
Authors: Andrade e Silva Rodrigo , Jacobson Ted 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The problem of quantizing a particle on a two-sphere has been treated by numerous approaches, including Isham’s global method based on unitary representations of a symplectic symmetry group that acts transitively on the phase space. Here we reconsider this simple model using Isham’s scheme, enriched by a magnetic flux through the sphere via a modification of the symplectic form. To maintain complete generality we construct the Hilbert space directly from the symmetry algebra, which is manifestly gauge-invariant, using ladder operators. In this way, we recover algebraically the complete classification of quantizations, and the corresponding energy spectra for the particle. The famous Dirac quantization condition for the monopole charge follows from the requirement that the classical and quantum Casimir invariants match. In an appendix we explain the relation between this approach and the more common one that assumes from the outset a Hilbert space of wave functions that are sections of a nontrivial line bundle over the sphere, and show how the Casimir invariants of the algebra determine the bundle topology.
Spark plasma sintering of W-10Ti alloys: microstructure, properties and grain growth kinetics
Authors: Xu Wenfei , Huang Lei , Peng Tianshuai , Pan Yafei , Zhang Jiuxing , Zhang Shuyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The microstructure, properties and grain growth kinetics of W-10 wt.% Ti alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method at the temperatures from 1400 to 1700 °C, with the dwelling time from 0 to 30 min and a constant axial pressure of 30 MPa were investigated. The sintered W-10Ti alloys only contained a dominant β-W(Ti) phase and a fractional β-Ti(W) phase. The content of Ti-rich phase declined with the rise of sintering temperatures. In addition, the higher the sintering temperature, the higher the alloy density. When the sintering temperature was constant, the alloy density first increased and then decreased with the increasing dwelling time, and reached the maximum at 15 min. With the increase of the sintering temperature and dwelling time, the thermal conductivity first decreased, then flattened or slightly increased. At low temperatures (1400 °C–1500 °C), the grain growth was not obvious, but at high temperatures (1600 °C–1700 °C), the grain grew rapidly. The grain growth exponent of W-10Ti alloys was found to be n = 2, suggesting grain boundary diffusion controlled grain growth in the alloys. Activation energy for grain growth was calculated as 49.21–61.46 kJ mol−1.
Polarization dependent structural colors from tilted metalo-dielectric nanopillars
Authors: Vennberg Felix , Ravishankar Ajith P , Anand Srinivasan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The structural color from self-assembled metalo-dielectric (In/InP) nanopillars is shown to be polarization sensitive when the axial symmetry is broken. The characteristic dip in the reflection spectra due to resonant absorption is shifted by 90 nm as the polarization of incident light is altered from TE to TM at an incidence angle of 40°. We also show wafer-scale, mask-less fabrication of pillars that are tilted with respect to the substrate, a fast and cost effective method of creating the asymmetrical structures required for polarization sensitivity at normal incidence. A dip shift of 100 nm is observed for 40° tilted nanopillars of average height 380 nm, resulting in a smooth range of colors with changing polarization. FDTD simulations confirm the polarization dependent dip-shift in the resonant absorption wavelength. Furthermore, the field and intensity profiles obtained from the simulations indicate that the resonant absorption dips are due to HE1m-like modal excitations and their shift with respect to the incident angle and polarization leads to the change in perceived color from the tilted nanopillar system.
High-performance FeaTibOx catalyst loaded on ceramic filter for NOx reduction
Authors: Wu Ruian , Jin Jiang , Li Kun , Zhao Lei , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The FeaTibOx catalyst was loaded into the pores of porous ceramic using impregnation method for removing nitrogen oxides with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. The catalytic performance over FeaTibOx catalyst was studied in detail. The Fe6Ti1Ox catalyst displayed more than 95% NOx conversion within the range of 280 °C–400 °C, and still maintained 97% NOx conversion when 300 ppm SO2 and 10 vol.% water vapor were introduced at the testing temperature of 300 °C. The influence factors (including filtration velocity, NH3/NO mole ratio and oxygen concentration) for NOx conversion over Fe6Ti1Ox catalyst were also studied. The suitable NH3/NO mole ratio and oxygen concentration was 0.9 and 6%, respectively. The XRD, N2-BET, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD and XPS were employed to investigate physicochemical property of the FeaTibOx catalyst. The results illustrated that Fe6Ti1Ox catalyst has hematite Fe2O3 and TiO2 structure, better redox properties and stronger surface acid.
A detailed electrochemical analysis of sensitized AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Morshed-Behbahani Khashayar , Najafisayar Pooria , Zakerin Nika , Pakshir Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the effect of sensitization heat treatment on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel was investigated using potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PDEIS) in conjunction with conventional methods including acid etching test, anodic potentiodynamic polarization, double-loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DLEPR) and electrochemical noise (EN). Microstructural studies by scanning electron microscopy revealed that increasing tempering time up to 2h would be followed by more severe localized attack, but desensitization state attributed to specimens undergone prolonged tempering cannot be interpreted based on the standard test method. Susceptibility to IGC via DLEPR experiments indicates differences in the degree of sensitization (DOS) of specimens with varying tempering time, revealing a healing effect arising from prolonged tempering. The EN results elucidated the alloy tendency for active dissolution, but no obvious correlation can be established between the EN results and IGC behavior. The PDEIS data clarified that the charge transfer resistance values related to the AC responses in the middle of transpassive potential region can be utilized to investigate and compare the IGC susceptibility of the alloy. Moreover, the surface morphology of corroded samples under such experimental conditions can be used to qualitatively compare the severity of intergranular attack.
Ag2S/CdS/Ni ternary nanostructures: long-range electric field to enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity
Authors: Yan Fengpo , Yang Fugui , Zhang Hao , Luo Peihui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silver sulfide, cadmium sulfide and nickel (Ag2S/CdS/Ni) ternary nanostructures were fabricated by a two step process and characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of ternary nanostructures and reference samples were evaluated using triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial reagent in water under visible-light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm). The result shows Ag2S/CdS/Ni nanostructures exhibited a high visible light photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 1.54 mmolh−1 g−1, which was 4.6 times and 1.4 times higher than that of 1.2% mol Ag2S/CdS and Ni/CdS. The degree of photocorrosion of CdS were employed to study the photogenerated carriers transfer route by measuring and comparing the concentration of Cd2+ in the solution of the photocorrosion experiments in a nonsacrificial system. A long-range electric field, which is similar to the p-i-n electric field structure, was proposed to be constructed by Ni nanoparticles and Ag2S nanoparticles in CdS. Most of the photogenerated electrons and holes in CdS drift to the electron donor and electron acceptor respectively under the action of long-range electric field, which greatly improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and the photocatalytic H2 production activity.
Room-temperature tunnel magnetoresistance across biomolecular tunnel junctions based on ferritin
Authors: Karuppannan Senthil Kumar , Pasula Rupali Reddy , Herng Tun Seng , Ding Jun , Chi Xiao , Barco Enrique Del , Roche Stephan , Yu Xiaojiang , Yakovlev Nikolai , Lim Sierin , Nijhuis Christian A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report exceptionally large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) for biomolecular tunnel junctions based on ferritins immobilized between Ni and EGaIn electrodes. Ferritin stores iron in the form of ferrihydrite nanoparticles (NPs) and fulfills the following roles: (a) it dictates the tunnel barrier, (b) it magnetically decouples the NPs from the ferromagnetic (FM) electrode, (c) it stabilizes the NPs, and (d) it acts as a spin filter reducing the complexity of the tunnel junctions since only one FM electrode is required. The mechanism of charge transport is long-range tunneling which results in TMR of 60 ± 10% at 200 K and 25 ± 5% at room temperature. We propose a magnon-assisted transmission to explain the substantially larger TMR switching fields (up to 1 Tesla) than the characteristic coercive fields (a few Gauss) of ferritin ferrihydrite particles at T < 20 K. These results highlight the genuine potential of biomolecular tunnel junctions in designing functional nanoscale spintronic devices.
Define and measure the dimensional accuracy of two-photon laser lithography based on its instrument transfer function
Authors: Dai Gaoliang , Hu Xiukun , Hering Julian , Eifler Matthias , Seewig Jörg , von Freymann Georg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a powerful technique for direct three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanomanufacturing owing to its unique ability of writing almost arbitrary structures of various materials. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to quantitatively define and measure the dimensional accuracy of TPP tools based on the concept of instrument transfer function (ITF). A circular linear-chirp pattern is designed for characterizing the ITF. Such a pattern is arranged in a linear chirp function with respect to its radial distance

r

from the pattern centre, thus, well representing a signal with a quasi-flat amplitude over a given spectral bandwidth. In addition, the pattern is rotational symmetric, therefore, it is well suited for characterizing the ITF in different angular directions to detect angular-dependent asymmetries. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated on a commercial TPP tool. The manufactured pattern is calibrated by a metrological large range atomic force microscope (AFM) using a super sharp AFM tip, thus the dimensional accuracy and angular-dependent anisotropy of the TPP tool have been well characterized quantitatively. The proposed method is easy to use and reveals the dimensional accuracy of TPP tools under real manufacturing conditions, which concerns not only the optical focus spot size of the exposing laser but also influencing factors such as material shrinkage, light–matter interaction and process parameters.
A novel membrane emulsification technique for microencapsulation in self-healing concrete: development and proof of concept
Authors: Litina Chrysoula , Palmer David , Al-Tabbaa Abir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Membrane emulsification is a promising new technique that can be deployed as a scalable modular conduit for the consistent and continuous production of single and complex emulsions. This work reports on the development of a manufacturing platform based on membrane emulsification for the first time for microcapsule-based self-healing cementitious materials. The feasibility of single and double emulsion production with wall formation as a secondary step through UV radical polymerisation was explored using a discrete membrane emulsification dispersion cell. The operational parameters (pressure, dispersed phase flux, temperature, shear rate) were established for the specific phase characteristics (viscosity, density, interfacial tension) to achieve control of emulsion droplets and maintain a high encapsulation of core content (high payload). Microcapsules with sodium silicate core and an average diameter of ∼130 μm were produced. Microcapsules were shown to achieve high payload (∼89%). Moreover their thermal stability was characterised and their release performance in the cementitious matrix established. The results demonstrated the capability of membrane emulsification to produce microcapsules with an aqueous core for use in self-healing of cementitious materials.
Warriors in an age of peace
Authors: Wert Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the Tokugawa period, a time of relative peace, when historians know more about the rank-and-file samurai. It begins by describing how Tokugawa Ieyasu and his descendants created the strongest and longest lasting warrior regime, the Tokugawa Shogunate. After describing the political authority at the top, the chapter details the life of daimyo lords, their interaction with samurai, and the curtailing of daimyo interaction with Western countries. Then the chapter covers the average samurai life cycle from childhood, education, and marriage, to concerns about job and free time, and retirement.
Temporal Trends in Hypertension Death Rate in Mississippi, 2000–2018
Authors: Mendy Vincent L , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra , Bellerose Meghan , Vargas Rodolfo , Zhang Lei , Enkhmaa Byambaa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In Mississippi, hypertension as a leading cause of death moved from 15th in 2000 to 11th in 2018, but research on temporal trends is limited. We examined temporal trends in hypertension-related mortality among Mississippi adults by age, sex, and race.

METHODS
We extracted data on the number of deaths due to hypertension among adults aged 45 or older annually from 2000 to 2018 from Mississippi Vital Statistics. We used underlying cause-of-death codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision to identify hypertension deaths. We calculated the annual percentage change (trend segment) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-adjusted hypertension death rates from 2000 to 2018 and examined differences in the AAPC by age, sex, and race.

RESULTS
From 2000 through 2018, the age-adjusted hypertension death rate increased annually by 3.0% (AAPC 3.0%, 95% confidence interval, 1.9%–4.0%) with 3 distinct time periods. There was an average annual increase in age-adjusted hypertension death rates for all subgroups, i.e., men, women, Blacks, Whites, White females, Black males, and White males. The highest magnitude of increase was among those aged 45–64 years (AAPC 6.0%), men (AAPC 4.5%), Whites (AAPC 3.5%), and White men (AAPC 6.2%) compared with other age groups, women, Blacks, and Black men, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
For nearly 2 decades, there was an increase in age-adjusted hypertension death rates among Mississippi adults aged 45 years or older. Blood pressure lowering interventions that target hypertensive adults are needed.
The Relationship Between Brain Metabolites Alterations and Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients with Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Bakhshinezhad Hamideh , Darharaj Mohammad , Feyzi Yasha Fayaz , Babaei Shirzad , Ahadi Reza , Jamei Behnammaddin , Pourhamzeh Mahsa , Daneshi Abdolhadi , Arezoomandan Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic use of methamphetamine induces neuropsychological deficits and neurochemical changes in frontostriatal regions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between brain metabolites alterations in frontostriatal regions and neuropsychological deficits in patients with methamphetamine use disorder.

Method
A total of 30 methamphetamine users and 20 control participants were selected and a battery of standardized executive function, attention, and memory tasks, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale, was administered to them. Proton-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) of N-Acetylaspartate/Creatine (NAA/Cr), Choline/Creatine (Cho/Cr), and glutamate + glutamine/creatine (Glx/Cr) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and basal ganglia (BG) were also undertaken.

Results
Current findings indicated that there were significant differences between two groups in metabolite ratios including NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr in three areas, except for Glx/Cr in BG. Moreover, compared to healthy controls, methamphetamine users showed poorer performance in all neuropsychological tests. Finally, a significant relationship was found between regional metabolites alterations, particularly in the ACC, and neuropsychological deficits in methamphetamine users.

Conclusions
In addition to neurochemical changes and neuropsychological deficits in patients with methamphetamine use disorder, current results highlighted the relationship between these changes in DLPFC, ACC, and BG with cognitive deficits in methamphetamine users.
COBRAC: a fast implementation of convex biclustering with compression
Authors: Yi Haidong , Huang Le , Mishne Gal , Chi Eric C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Summary
Biclustering is a generalization of clustering used to identify simultaneous grouping patterns in observations (rows) and features (columns) of a data matrix. Recently, the biclustering task has been formulated as a convex optimization problem. While this convex recasting of the problem has attractive properties, existing algorithms do not scale well. To address this problem and make convex biclustering a practical tool for analyzing larger data, we propose an implementation of fast convex biclustering called COBRAC to reduce the computing time by iteratively compressing problem size along with the solution path. We apply COBRAC to several gene expression datasets to demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency. Besides the standalone version for COBRAC, we also developed a related online web server for online calculation and visualization of the downloadable interactive results.

Availability and implementation
The source code and test data are available at https://github.com/haidyi/cvxbiclustr or https://zenodo.org/record/4620218. The web server is available at https://cvxbiclustr.ericchi.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Biodiesel from fish waste oil: synthesis via supercritical methanol and thermodynamic optimization
Authors: Espootin Simin , Sameti Mohammad , Zaker Sahar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the potential of local fish waste oil as a feedstock for biodiesel via supercritical methanol transesterification (SCMT). Hexane was used as a cosolvent and the transesterification reaction was carried out in a continuous reactor under supercritical conditions. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was applied to analyse the effect of four independent variables, including the weight ratio of methanol to fish-waste oil (W), the reaction temperature (T), the pressure (P) and the feed flow rate (F), on the yield of the biodiesel production in supercritical methanol. According to the calculated optimal operating condition for the RSM, the values of W (22.3 weight ratio of methanol to fish waste oil), T (270°C), P (112.7 bar) and F (2.0 mL min–1) were achieved. Under the optimum conditions, the highest yield was estimated to be 94.6% (g/g). The obtained yield was found to be close to the theoretical yield (95.2%). This value suggests that the proposed strategy has a promising potential in the production of biodiesel fuel.
Aberrant Cerebello-Cortical Connectivity in Pianists With Focal Task-Specific Dystonia
Authors: Kita Kahori , Furuya Shinichi , Osu Rieko , Sakamoto Takashi , Hanakawa Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMusician’s dystonia is a type of focal task-specific dystonia (FTSD) characterized by abnormal muscle hypercontraction and loss of fine motor control specifically during instrument playing. Although the neuropathophysiology of musician’s dystonia remains unclear, it has been suggested that maladaptive functional abnormalities in subcortical and cortical regions may be involved. Here, we hypothesized that aberrant effective connectivity between the cerebellum (subcortical) and motor/somatosensory cortex may underlie the neuropathophysiology of musician’s dystonia. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the brain activity of 30 pianists with or without FTSD as they played a magnetic resonance imaging-compatible piano-like keyboard, which elicited dystonic symptoms in many but not all pianists with FTSD. Pianists with FTSD showed greater activation of the right cerebellum during the task than healthy pianists. Furthermore, patients who reported dystonic symptoms during the task demonstrated greater cerebellar activation than those who did not, establishing a link between cerebellar activity and overt dystonic symptoms. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, moreover, we found that dystonic and healthy pianists differed in the task-related effective connectivity between the right cerebellum and left premotor/somatosensory cortex. The present study indicates that abnormal cerebellar activity and cerebello-cortical connectivity may underlie the pathophysiology of FTSD in musicians.
Contributions of the Monkey Inferior Temporal Areas TE and TEO to Visual Categorization
Authors: Setogawa Tsuyoshi , Eldridge Mark A G , Fomani Grace P , Saunders Richard C , Richmond Barry J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ability to categorize images is thought to depend on neural processing within the ventral visual stream. Recently, we reported that after removal of architectonic area TE, the terminal region of the ventral stream, monkeys were still able to categorize images as cats or dogs moderately well. Here, we investigate the contribution of TEO, the architectonically defined region located one step earlier than area TE in the ventral stream. Bilateral removal of TEO caused only a mild impairment in categorization. However, combined TE + TEO removal was followed by a severe, long-lasting impairment in categorization. All of the monkeys tested, including those with combined TE + TEO removals, had normal low-level visual functions, such as visual acuity. These results support the conclusion that categorization based on visual similarity is processed in parallel in TE and TEO.
Supporting Drug Development for Neglected Tropical Diseases Using Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Walker Martin , Hamley Jonathan I D , Milton Philip , Monnot Frédéric , Kinrade Sally , Specht Sabine , Pedrique Bélen , Basáñez Maria-Gloria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drug-based interventions are at the heart of global efforts to reach elimination as a public health problem (trachoma, soil-transmitted helminthiases, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis) or elimination of transmission (onchocerciasis) for 5 of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases tackled via the World Health Organization preventive chemotherapy strategy. While for some of these diseases there is optimism that currently available drugs will be sufficient to achieve the proposed elimination goals, for others—particularly onchocerciasis—there is a growing consensus that novel therapeutic options will be needed. Since in this area no high return of investment is possible, minimizing wasted money and resources is essential. Here, we use illustrative results to show how mathematical modeling can guide the drug development pathway, yielding resource-saving and efficiency payoffs, from the refinement of target product profiles and intended context of use to the design of clinical trials.