bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreas MRI segmentation into head, body, and tail enables regional quantitative analysis of heterogeneous disease
Authors: Bagur Alexandre Triay , Aljabar Paul , Ridgway Gerard R , Brady Michael , Bulte Daniel P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPancreatic disease can be spatially inhomogeneous. For this reason, quantitative imaging studies of the pancreas have often targeted the 3 main anatomical pancreatic segments, head, body, and tail, traditionally using a balanced region of interest (ROI) strategy. Existing automated analysis methods have implemented whole-organ segmentation, which provides an overall quantification, but fails to address spatial heterogeneity in disease. A method to automatically refine a whole-organ segmentation of the pancreas into head, body, and tail subregions is presented for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subsegmentation method is based on diffeomorphic registration to a group average template image, where the parts are manually annotated. For a new whole-pancreas segmentation, the aligned template’s part labels are automatically propagated to the segmentation of interest. The method is validated retrospectively on the UK Biobank imaging substudy (scanned using a 2-point Dixon protocol at 1.5 tesla), using a nominally healthy cohort of 100 subjects for template creation, and 50 independent subjects for validation. Pancreas head, body, and tail were annotated by multiple experts on the validation cohort, which served as the benchmark for the automated method’s performance. Good intra-rater (Dice overlap mean, Head: 0.982, Body: 0.940, Tail: 0.961, N=30) as well as inter-rater (Dice overlap mean, Head: 0.968, Body: 0.905, Tail: 0.943, N=150) agreement was observed. No significant difference (Wilcoxon rank sum test, DSC, Head: p=0.4358, Body: p=0.0992, Tail: p=0.1080) was observed between the manual annotations and the automated method’s predictions. Results on regional pancreatic fat assessment are also presented, by intersecting the 3-D parts segmentation with one 2-D multi-echo gradient-echo slice, available from the same scanning session, that was used to compute MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Initial application of the method on a type 2 diabetes cohort showed the utility of the method for assessing pancreatic disease heterogeneity.
Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany
Authors: Sorg AL , Hufnagel M , Doenhardt M , Diffloth N , Schroten H , v. Kries R , Berner R , Armann J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough children and adolescents have a lower burden of SARS-CoV-2-associated disease as compared to adults, assessing absolute risk among children remains difficult due to a high rate of undetected cases. However, without more accurate case numbers, reliable risk analyses are impossible.MethodsWe combine data from three sources — a national seroprevalence study (the SARS-CoV-2 KIDS study), the German statutory notification system and a nationwide registry on children and adolescents hospitalized with either SARS-CoV-2 or Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) — in order to provide reliable estimates on children’s hospitalization, intensive care admission and death due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS.ResultsWhile the overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000. Children without comorbidities were found to be significantly less likely to suffer from a severe or fatal disease course. The lowest risk was observed in children aged 5-11 without comorbidities. In this group, the ICU admission rate was 0.2 per 10,000 and case fatality could not be calculated, due to an absence of cases. The overall PIMS-TS rate was 1 per 4,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections, the majority being children without comorbidities.ConclusionOverall, the SARS-CoV-2-associated burden of a severe disease course or death in children and adolescents is low. This seems particularly the case for 5-11-year-old children without comorbidities. By contrast, PIMS-TS plays a major role in overall disease burden among all pediatric age groups.
On the Role of Financial Support Programs in Mitigating the Sars-CoV-2 Spread in Brazil
Authors: Albani Vinicius V. L. , Albani Roseane , Bobko Nara , Massad Eduardo , Zubelli Jorge P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe calculate the impact of a socioeconomic program during 2020 as a measure to mitigate the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Brazil. For each Brazilian State, we estimate the time-dependent reproduction number from daily reports of COVID-19 infections and deaths using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-like (SEIR-like) model. Then, we analyse the correlations between the reproduction number, the amount of individuals receiving governmental aid, and the index of social isolation based on mobile phone information. We conclude that socioeconomic programs had a significant impact on reducing the accumulated numbers of infections and deaths by allowing those in need to stay at home, adhering to social isolation.
sgDI-tector: defective interfering viral genome bioinformatics for detection of coronavirus subgenomic RNAs
Authors: Di Gioacchino Andrea , Legendre Rachel , Rahou Yannis , Najburg Valérie , Charneau Pierre , Greenbaum Benjamin D , Tangy Frédéric , van der Werf Sylvie , Cocco Simona , Komarova Anastasia V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases produce subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) that encode viral structural and accessory proteins. User-friendly bioinformatic tools to detect and quantify sgRNA production are urgently needed to study the growing number of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of SARS-CoV-2. We introduced sgDI-tector to identify and quantify sgRNA in SARS-CoV-2 NGS data. sgDI-tector allowed detection of sgRNA without initial knowledge of the transcription-regulatory sequences. We produced NGS data and successfully detected the nested set of sgRNAs with the ranking M>ORF3a>N>ORF6>ORF7a>ORF8>S>E>ORF7b. We also compared the level of sgRNA production with other types of viral RNA products such as defective interfering viral genomes.
Induction of mitochondrial heat shock proteins and mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells upon acute methylglyoxal stress: Evidence for hormetic autofeedback
Authors: Bulkescher Ruben , Fleming Thomas , Rodemer Claus , Medert Rebekka , Freichel Marc , Mayer Matthias , Szendroedi Julia , Herzig Stephan , Zemva Johanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreased metabolic flux produces potentially harmful side-products, such as reactive dicarbonyl and oxygen species. The reactive dicarbonly methylglyoxal (MG) can impair oxidative capacity, which is downregulated in type 2 diabetes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of subfamily A (Hsp70s) promote ATP-dependent processing of damaged proteins during MG exposure which also involve mitochondrial proteins. Since the protection of mitochondrial proteins could promote higher production of reactive metabolites due to increased substrate flux, tight regulation of HspA-mediated protein handling is important. We hypothesized that stress-inducible HspAs (HspA1A/HspA1B) are pivotal for maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis during acute MG-stress. To analyze the role of stress-inducible HspA1A/HspA1B for maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis during acute MG exposure, we knocked out HSPA1A/HSPA1B in mouse endothelial cells. HSPA1A/HSPA1B KO cells showed upregulation of the mitochondrial chaperones HspA9 (mitochondrial Hsp70/mortalin) and HspD1 (Hsp60) as well as induction of mitochondrial biogenesis upon MG exposure. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis was reflected by elevated mitochondrial branching, total count and area as well as by upregulation of mitochondrial proteins and corresponding transcription factors. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial HspA9 and HspD1 promote mitochondrial biogenesis during acute MG stress, which is counterregulated by HspA1A/HspA1B to prevent mitochondrial overstimulation and to maintain balanced oxidative capacity under metabolic stress conditions. These data support an important role of HSPs in MG-induced hormesis.
Proposed waqf crowdfunding models for small farmers and the required parameters for their application
Authors: Azganin Hassan , Kassim Salina , Sa'ad Auwal Adam 
Published: November 2021

PurposeSmall farmers are considered one of the most affected communities worldwide due to poverty. Hence, this paper aims to study how the proposed waqf crowdfunding models are intended to provide alternative sources of funds for the waqf institutions and farmers.Design/methodology/approachThe present study employed a qualitative method by analysing the relevant literature on crowdfunding, waqf cash, waqf and agriculture, together with the primary sources of the Ḥadīth.FindingsThis paper provides the conceptual framework of two waqf crowdfunding model (WCM) and the required parameters for their application. It is found that crowdfunding can bring immense benefits to the agriculture sector and farmers if it is integrated with waqf. This system will enable underprivileged farmers to meet their necessities and participate in their country's economic development.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research may consider a waqf crowdfunding integrated model targeting other businesses.Originality/valueThis study provides the required parameters for the application of the proposed models. Four areas were analysed and discussed: the regulatory compliance parameters, the shariah compliance parameters, the risk management parameters and, finally, waqf governance parameters. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first proposed waqf and crowdfunding integrated model for agricultural financing.
Factors influencing the intention to give zakāt on employment income: evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ur Rehman Aziz , Aslam Ejaz , Iqbal Anam 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to apply the extended theory of planned behaviour (ETPB) to investigate the factors influencing the intention to give zakāt on employment income.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws the required data through a survey in three main cities Makkah, Medina and Jeddah in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The final data sample is consisting of 650 useable questionnaires to analyse the objective of this study.FindingsThe study finds that moral norm, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and past behaviour have a significant influence on the intention to pay zakāt on employment income. The perceived behavioural control and attitude have a negative and weak impact on the intention to give zakāt on income.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study can be useful for the policymakers and regulators to enhance peoples' awareness to give zakāt to eradicate poverty and inequality in Muslim societies. zakāt is for the deprived people, so the consequences of this study might help to improve their liveability.Originality/valueThis study is unique because it identified the behavioural factors that affect the peoples' intention to give zakāt in KSA have yet to be profoundly explored in the literature. This study has gathered primary data and applied the ETPB to identify the factors influencing the zakāt compliance behaviour in KSA.
Performance of initial public offerings (IPOs): the case of Shariah-compliant companies
Authors: Yaakub Nurwahida , Sherif Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the informational value of Shariah-compliant disclosure in the Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs) prospectus and whether Shariah-compliant status has an impact on the IPO initial return when adopted as a signalling mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
It uses data from 320 IPOs for Shariah-compliant companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia between 2004 and 2013.

Findings
It finds that the degree of IPO underpricing for Shariah-compliant companies is 19.97 per cent with investors earning significant returns on the first trading day. For the effect of different factors on the degree of IPO, we find that the size and type of IPO offers have a significant impact on the degree of IPO underpricing. Other economic confidence factor models fail to yield economically plausible parameter values.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature in a number of ways. It is the first to evaluate the effect of Shariah-compliance status regulation in Malaysian market, hence it provides an insight into the effectiveness of such regulation. Second, while the existing Shariah-compliant IPO studies in the same market focus on Shariah status at the date of the studies being conducted, this study uses the information around IPO time. The information that investors receive around IPO time may influence investors’ decision and valuation of the IPOs in the aftermarket. Specifically, this study is different from the previous research, as it investigates whether Shariah-compliant companies would change the average degree of IPO underpricing for companies listed on Bursa Malaysia.
Does leverage level matter for return anomaly during rights issue announcements? The case of Islamic countries
Authors: Isiker Murat , Tas Oktay 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to measure investors' perception of the rights issue announcement of publicly listed companies in five stock markets of Islamic countries. Then, these firms are grouped according to their debt level to examine whether abnormal returns are different from those that are highly leveraged. Moreover, Sharīʿah compatibility of firms is checked to understand if return anomaly shows different behaviour around rights issue announcement days.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis period includes the years 2010–2019, which includes 362 rights issue announcements. The event study methodology is applied to measure the level of impact that is triggered by the rights issue announcements. Hereafter, one-way ANOVA test is performed to identify whether there exists a difference among the sample groups according to their debt level.FindingsFindings suggest that rights issue announcements cause −3.90% fall in share prices on average for the whole sample. However, negative abnormal return is found significant only in Egypt and Turkey. Individual regression analysis results suggest that an increase in debt level worsens the return anomaly only in Egypt. This refers that the rights issue announcement is perceived as less favourable for highly leveraged companies compared to others in this country. Finally, Sharīʿah-compliant companies show better performance compared to non-compliant counterparts around the event dates.Originality/valueThis paper is novel in evaluating market reaction during rights issue announcements in multiple Islamic countries. Also, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to compare return behaviour of Sharīʿah-compliant and non-compliant firms around the rights issue announcements.
Non-linear relationship between foreign currency derivatives and firm value: evidence on Sharīʿah compliant firms
Authors: Zamzamir@Zamzamin Zaminor , Haron Razali , Ahmad Baharul Ulum Zatul Karamah , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study examines the impact of hedging on firm value of Sharīʿah compliant firms (SCFs) in a non-linear framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the system-GMM for dynamic panel data to examine the influence of derivatives usage on firm value (Tobin's Q, ROA and ROE). The sample comprised of 59 non-financial SCFs engaged in derivatives from 2000 to 2017 (18 years). The Sasabuchi-Lind-Mehlum (SLM) test for U-shaped is performed to confirm the existence of the non-linear relationship.FindingsThis study concludes that hedging significantly contributes to firm value of SCFs based on the non-linear framework. This study suggests that, first, the non-linear relationship occurs due to the different degree of derivatives usage and risk. Second, firms practice selective hedging to maintain the upside potential of firm value.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has important implications. First, the importance of risk management via derivatives to increase firm value, second, the evidence of selective hedging from the non-linear relationship between derivatives and firm value and third, the need for quality reporting on derivatives engagement by firms in line with the required accounting standard on derivatives.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap in the literature in relation to the risk management strategies of SCFs in three aspects. First, re-examines the relationship using recent data. Second, examines the relationship in the non-linear framework as the limited studies found in the literature on Malaysian firms are only based on linear relationship. Third, determines whether hedging undertaken by firms is optimal as this can only be addressed using the non-linear framework. This study is robust to the various definitions of firm value (Tobin's Q, ROA and ROE) and non-linear methodologies.
Islamic equities and COVID-19 pandemic: measuring Islamic stock indices correlation and volatility in period of crisis
Authors: Abdullahi Shafiu Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to measure cross-country stock market correlation and volatility transmission during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The paper traces trajectory of Islamic equity investments in order to get insights on the behavior of the markets during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses generalized method of moments (GMM), autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) models for analysis of dynamic causality, stock market cointegration, correlation and volatility transmission between Islamic stock indices.FindingsThe result of normal correlation analysis on the share indices show the markets move together. The result of ARDL cointegration test shows the markets returns are cointegrated as a group. To further make sense of the data; the indices were grouped into four different categories, then cointegration tests were conducted. The results of the analysis show that the subgroups are cointegrated except the low COVID-19 subgroup. Based on MGARCH findings, the possibility of volatility transmission between markets during the crisis is high. The market returns indices show the usual herd mentality common during the period of crisis.Originality/valueUnlike other works in this area, this paper attempt to trace the trajectory of Islamic equity investment in order to get relevant insights and arrives at appropriate ways of responding to the crisis.
Paper money in Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi's thought: a comparative and critical commentary
Authors: Sholihin Muhammad , Shalihin Nurus , Putra Apria 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe article examines Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's initial concept of paper money, which in the early 20th century wrote Risala Raf'u Al-Iltibas.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a qualitative approach based on the critical extraction analysis that can reveal a set of concepts related to the thoughts of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi on paper money.FindingsThrough an attentive reading of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi, the authors can formulate several significant results: First, Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi applies two methods in studying critically on paper money, namely, the comparative law method and qiyas. Second, Ahmad Khatib believes that paper money has similarities with dinars and dirhams, namely its nominal value function. It is just that the existence of these values is different. Briefly, there are set law consequences for those who used paper money in economic activities, i.e. payment ofzakāton paper money applies when used as business capital.Research limitations/implicationsSheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi's work related to paper money is written heavily from the perspective offiqh. Briefly, it is challenging to describe legal reasoning from work. As a result, articles are also thicker withfiqhanalysis.Practical implicationsSheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi's view regarding paper money becomes the foundation for the theory of the value of money in Islam. However, it is rarely disclosed. In this regard, this paper can serve as the foundation of the value for money offered by scholars from Indonesia in the early 20th century.Social implicationsMoney is not a commodity. Still, it must be positioned as capital to be productive. It finally becomes why trade is compelling and becomes the most practical reason for paying outzakāt.Originality/valueIt is not easy finding out articles that attempt to reveal the concept of classical ulemas or clerics from Indonesia relating to paper money. This article manages to identify that, and at the same time, becomes a novelty.
Responses of Islamic banking variables to monetary policy shocks in Indonesia
Authors: Hafidh Aula Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper investigates the structural model of vector autoregression (SVAR) of the interdependent relationship of inflation, monetary policy and Islamic banking variables (RDEP, RFIN, DEP, FIN) in Indonesia. By using monthly data for the period 2001M01-2019M12, the impulse response function (IRF), forecasting error decomposition variation (FEDV) is used to track the impact of Sharīʿah variables on inflation (prices).Design/methodology/approachThis research uses quantitative approach with SVAR model to reveal the problem.FindingsThe empirical results of SVAR, the IRF show that policy shocks have a negative impact on all variables in Islamic banking except the equivalent deposit interest rate (RDEP). The impact of both conventional (7DRR) and Sharīʿah (SBIS) policies has a similar pattern. While the transmission of Sharīʿah monetary variables as a policy operational target in influencing inflation is positive. In addition, the FEDV clearly revealed that the variation in the Sharīʿah financial sector was relatively large in monetary policy shocks and their role in influencing prices.Originality/valueThe empirical results of SVAR, the IRF show that policy shocks have a negative impact on all variables in Islamic banking except the equivalent deposit interest rate ‘RDEP’. The impact of both conventional “7DRR” and Sharīʿah “SBIS” policies has a similar pattern. While the transmission of Sharīʿah monetary variables as a policy operational target in influencing inflation is positive. In addition, the FEDV clearly revealed that the variation in the Sharīʿah financial sector was relatively large in monetary policy shocks and their role in influencing prices.