bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision-based radiochromic film densitometer: setup and uncertainty analysis for its potential clinical usage
Authors: Jiménez-Aviles G. , Camacho-López M.A. , García-Garduño O.A. , Isaac-Olivé K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research, an alternative radiochromic film readout system based on computer vision was instrumented with a commercial camera and a 6500 K temperature light-emitting diode. This arrangement works in transmission mode as the standardized flatbed scanner used in clinical dosimetry tasks. Scanner was employed as a reference to compare the optical density response. Nine 3× 3 cm2 samples of EBT3 film were irradiated within a dosimetric range from 0 to 15 Gy taking a 100-pixel region of interest from each one for noise, optical density uncertainty, and reproducibility analysis for the three colour components. The densitometer prototype has a better response to optical density, 43% more sensitivity than the scanner in all channels, and a maximum of 0.93 for the red one; the best noise rejection is in the green component. However, the noise and lowest total uncertainty results are found in the scanner. Future work must focus on noise reduction and the robustness of the opto-electronic instrumentation to enhance the long-term reproducibility of the prototype.
Sources of nitrous oxide from intensively managed pasture soils: the hole in the pipe
Authors: Friedl Johannes , Scheer Clemens , De Rosa Daniele , Müller Christoph , Grace Peter R , Rowlings David W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rainfall and irrigation trigger large pulses of the powerful greenhouse gas N2O from intensively managed pastures, produced via multiple, simultaneously occurring pathways. These N2O pulses can account for a large fraction of total N2O losses, demonstrating the importance to determine magnitude and source partitioning of N2O under these conditions. This study investigated the response of different pathways of N2O production to wetting across three different textured pasture soils. Soil microcosms were fertilised with an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution which was either single or double 15N labelled, wetted to four different water-filled pore space (WFPS) levels, and incubated over two days. The use of a 15N pool mixing model together with soil N gross transformations enabled the attribution of N2O to specific pathways, and to express N2O emissions as a fraction of the underlying N transformation. Denitrification and nitrification mediated pathways contributed to the production of N2O in all soils, regardless of WFPS. Denitrification was the main pathway of N2O production accounting for >50% of cumulative N2O emissions even at low WFPS. The contribution of autotrophic nitrification to N2O emissions decreased with the amount of wetting, while the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification remained stable or increased. Following the hole-in-the-pipe model, 0.1%–4% of nitrified N was lost as N2O, increasing exponentially with WFPS, while the percentage of denitrified N emitted as N2O decreased, providing critical information for the representation of N2O/WFPS relationships in simulation models. Our findings demonstrate that the wetting of pasture soils promotes N2O production via denitrification and via the oxidation of organic N substrates driven by high carbon and N availability upon wetting. The large contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to N2O emissions should be considered when developing N2O abatement strategies, seeking to reduce N2O emissions in response to rainfall and irrigation from intensively managed pastures.
The effect of feeding different levels of dandelion leaf powder (Taraxacum officinale) in the diet on the productive and physiological performance of broiler chickens, strain Ross-308.
Authors: Noor Ameer Shamkhi , Kadhim Alaa Hasan , Ali Marwa Amer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to know the effect of feeding different levels of dandelion leaf powder on the productive and some physiological traits of broiler chickens, in which 180 one-day age chicks of the unsexed Ross 308 strain were used. The chicks were distributed randomly into 4 treatments that included each treatment (3 replicates at an average of 15 chicks for each replicate). The transactions were divided into The first (control) treatment was without addition, the second, third and fourth treatments included the addition of dandelion leaf powder at a concentration (1.0,1.5,2.0) g/kg feed respectively. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) for T2 and T4 birds in the mean live body weight and total weight gain, with a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total feed consumption rate and obtaining the best feed conversion factor for T4 birds compared to the rest of the treatments. In addition, there was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations of the two treatments T2 and T4 birds, with a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the cholesterol concentration and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the Glutathione peroxidase concentration in the blood serum of T4 treatment birds compared to With the other treatments, a significant decrease (P <0.05) of Malnualdehyde concentration (MDA) was obtained for all additive treatments compared to control. We conclude from this that adding dandelion leaf powder at a concentration of (1.0, 2.0) g / kg feed to the broiler chickens diet has a positive effect on improving the productivity and some physiological traits of broiler chickens.
The Inhibitory Action Of (Ag-Nanoparticles) On Microorganism In The Root Canal Necrosis.
Authors: Kadhim Wijdan Abdulameer , Daily Zina Ali , Mohsen Shaymaa Fadhel , Chasib Yusra Hassab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our current research includes the manufacture of silver nanoparticles in a biological way, and their use in treating one of the diseases that affects teeth, which is the root canal necrosis. These nanoparticles act as an antibiotic that prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi at the site of caries that occurred in the dead root canal, and thus acts as a treatment for such and other pathological conditions caused by microbes to the teeth, which consequently lead to periodontitis. Infections on periodontal tissue due to root canal decay represent a natural response to biological defense, which is affected by the presence of microbial activity at the site of infection. The inflammatory response model is the same in any other part of the human body. Therefore, this inflammation is able to cause harmful consequences in the area around the decayed root canal that has not been properly treated when the filling is imprecise. The microorganisms that were diagnosed from the isolates that were taken from the place of decay are (Streptococcus
sp., Staphylococcus
aureus
sp., Candida
sp., Actinomyces
sp., Actinobacillus
sp., Bacillus sp.), in different proportions (37.6 %, 18 %, 16.4 %, 12.8 %, 9.5 %, 5.7 %), respectively. And after the process of producing silver nanoparticles, it was used in vitro to inhibit the growth and kill of these types of microorganisms, and thus eliminate inflammation originating in the root canal through the validity of using these nanoparticles as an irrigation agent or sealer in endodontics and an oral antiseptic in the form of an oral rinse, or any other method chosen by specialists in preventing the growth of microbes at the site of infection.
CELLS IMMOBILIZATION OF SOME MICROORGANISMS AS A TOOL FOR BIOREMEDIATION : B- ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Authors: Faez Hala , Jebur Al-Mamoori Ayad Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current study included the use of immobilization technique (using sodium alginate and calcium chloride) for Fungi (Aspergillus niger) and studying their efficiency in treating some heavy metals such as Lead and cadmium. Standard solutions of lead and cadmium at concentrations (10, 20 and 30) ppm were used. Heavy metals concentrations were measured by atomic absorption device and the correlation between the heavy metals and the immobilized cells was measured by FTIR &SEM techniques. The results of current study show the lead concentrations after treatment by immobilized Aspergillus niger were (6.75, 11.6 and 13.9) ppm respectively, and the removal efficiency was (32.4,42and 54)%. Cadmium Concentrations after treatment were (3.7, 6.16 and 8.62 ) ppm respectively, whereas removal efficiency in was (63,69 &71)% respectively. Current study showed a correlation between cells & heavy metals which principally included with bioadsorption surface for it and that morphological alterations in cells were occur because of the bioadsorption for heavy metals and the porous that found on cells surface that lead to enter the heavy metals to inner surface and increase the removal efficiency, all results of SEM were appear alteration in the surface cells shape by binding the lead and cadmium at the surfaces.
Statistical Remote Sensing for Prediction of Inland Water Quality Parameters for Shatt Al-Arab River in Iraq
Authors: Abbas Malik R. , Bin Rasib Abd Wahid , Ahmad Baharin Bin , Abbas Talib R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the empirical approach besides the methods multilinear regression was followed to generate the predictive mathematical models to estimate the water quality parameters values in the surface water of the Shatt Al-arab River which is located southern part of Iraq. And to show both benefits and the viability of using Landsat 8 optical spectral images to estimate some of the water quality parameters concentration. The daily water quality data archive for the of the total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (E.C), Nitrate (NO3), and potential hydrogen ions (pH) of the water in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) distributed along three years (2013, 2014, and 2015), was collected from four ground stations along of the Shatt Al-arab River. The objective of the study was to generate seasonal empirical mathematical models for the (open time) that can be used every year, without the need for calibration every time. Optical data were corrected to remove radiometric and atmospheric error sources effects prior to the developing the models. Multiple regression analysis between measured water quality parameters of the ground stations and the reflectance of the pixels corresponding to the sampling stations was used to generate these models. Determination coefficients (R2) of the proposed mathematical models were between 0.83-0.99. The percentage error between predicted and measured values for these models were between 0.03% -12%. The results of this work indicate the novelty of the approach used to generated these mathematical models for the open time for any year but in the each season. These models are reliable to estimate the spatial and temporal variation of TDS, E.C, NO3, and pH. So models generated from Landsat 8 can be used as a tool to facilitate the environmental, economic, and social management of the surface waters bodies like a Shatt Al-arab River.
A comparative study to estimate the ability of three waste organic materials to remove methylene blue and Congo red Dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Al-Defiery M E , Al Muttairi A K , Omran A , Yasin A M , Kazam M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current study was done in order to find the efficiency of (spent tea leaves, orange peels, pomegranate peels) as adsorbents to remove industrial dyes; Congo red and methylene blue dyes. the results show that the three proposed adsorbents have a low to moderate ability to remove the dyes. The results show that depleted the tea leaves have a higher ability than orange peels and the pomegranate peels being the lowest in removing the methylene blue dye, while for the Congo red dye removal the orange peels were the highest followed by pomegranate peels and the lowest was the depleted tea leaves.
Effect of Metals ( Au, Ag, and Ni) as Cathode Electrode on Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Assi Ahmed A. , Saleh Wasan R. , Mohajerani Ezzedine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gold, silver and nickel used as electrodes in the fabrication of perovskite solar cell by using thermal evaporation deposition method with direct structure FTO\ TiO2\ MAPbI3\ spiro-MeOTAD\ metal electrode. The cell efficiency was compared between the electrodes material as a function of time to explaining the effect of these metals electrode on cell performance, X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the samples that contain gold and nickel do not contain a compound indicating the interaction of the metal with the components of the cell or the formation of a new compound, while in the cell containing silver it was found that silver iodide is formed after the passage of time. Under standard AM1.5 illumination, the device shows a power conversion efficiency of 4.42%, 3.50%, and 1.61% for Au, Ni and Ag electrodes respectively. Devices with Au and Ni give same behaviours where reduce efficiency after 7day to 20% but for Ag reduce efficiency to 80%. The results revealed that, Nickel can become the best choice as an electrode for the perovskite solar cell in terms of price and efficiency approach to gold.
Removal of Phenol Dye by CoFe
2

O

4

-CdFe

2

O

4
Nanocomposites
Authors: Hadi Assel Amer , Fairooz Nada Y. , Atiyah Abbas J. , Al-Khalaf Alaa K. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work includes the study of adsorption of phenol red dye by using spinel Co1-

xCdxFe2O4 was prepare by Co-precipitation method at different ratios of (0.2:0.8, 0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2) and calcinations at temperature 600 0C for three hours. The conclusion showed that (0.5:0.5) percentage has high activity than other ratio at different temperature. The prepared powder was differentiated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Technique (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Phytoplankton community within Al-Auda marsh in maysan province southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Thahaibawi Basim M. H. , Al-Mayaly Ithar K. A. , Al-Hiyaly Sedik A. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton assemblage in relation to physical and chemical characteristics of water in Al-Auda marsh of Maysan province southern Iraq was assessed from November 2012 to July 2013. Six sampling sites were chosen to examine all phytoplankton species in the study area. A total of 246 species and seventy-five genera have been recognized belonging to twelve phytoplankton classes as follows: Bacillariophyceae (106 taxa), Chlorophyceae (34 taxa), Euglenophyceae (29 taxa), Cyanophyceae (29 taxa), Conjugatophyceae (19 taxa), Mediophyceae (10 taxa), Cryptophyceas (5 taxa), Coscinodiscophyceae (4 taxa), Chrysophyceae (4 taxa), Dinophyceae (3 taxa), Trebouxiophyceae (2 taxa) whereas Compsopogonophyceae recorded only (one taxon).The finding showed class Bacillariophyceae dominated with (43.09%), followed by Chlorophyceae of (13.82%), then (11.79%) for each of Cyanophycean and Euglenophyceae. Mean ± standard deviation for water temperature was ranged between (14.3±1.6°C) during winter to (35.6±1.81°C) during summer, electrical Conductivity (2020±186μ.s/cm) during autumn to (6390±875μ.s/cm) during summer, total Phosphate 0.01±0.0 µg/l during winter to 0.3±0.08 µg/l during spring, and total nitrogen varied from 1.8±0.8 µg/l during winter to 6.9±0.5 µg/l during autumn. Seasonal distribution indicated that phytoplankton flourished predominantly during the summer and spring. The diversity index (H) recorded the highest value in spring and lowest value in autumn, Richness (D) and Evenness (E) indices achieved the highest values in spring, the lowest values in autumn. The Jaccard index (Ss%) recorded the highest similarity between autumn and winter, the lowest similarity was between autumn and spring. The results revealed Al-Auda marsh is mesotrophic according to phytoplankton composition.
Structural Properties of Aluminum Doped with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticle Theoretical study by Gaussian 09 program
Authors: Hilal Israa Hadi , Jabbar Rashid Hashim , Jabbar Shurooq Jasim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research paper study effect of adding aluminum to Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle various properties of the ground and excited electronic state of ZnO nanoparticle delve into theoretical methods of time-dependent on the density functional theory (TDDFT) was calculated from the Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) by the Gaussian 09 programs. The structural and spectral characteristics enumerated of zinc oxide nanoparticle and a nanocomposite through additive the concentration of aluminum particles such as (ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, hardness, and the electrophilic, density of states, IR spectra, and Raman spectra that showed a strong E2 mode a peak at nearly 323 cm-1 spectroscopy each calculated results by Gaussian 09 program which approximately with experimental results.
(The possibility of using biologically extracted chemical compounds as anti-corona virus.)
Authors: Mahdi Noor M. , Jawad Ohood Salman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Corona virus is a virus that has the ability to penetrate the wall of the inner epithelial lining of the lungs, and thus spread fear and panic in the hearts of ordinary people, as well as researchers. And once this virus began to be active in infecting people, starting with China and the rest of the world, scientists and researchers worked to search for appropriate treatment and appropriate prevention methods to get rid of the infection caused by this deadly virus. It is imperative to know a set of concepts related to this topic, including the most important general characteristics of the Coronavirus, as well as the structural structure and behavior of the host cell, including the cells of lung tissue in the human respiratory system. And how the virus affects cellular respiration, which leads to human death. Our current research deals with studying the possibility of using some naturally extracted chemical compounds as an anti-virus, specifically corona virus, based on the fixed proportions and quantities through which the mechanical effect of these compounds on Corona virus is observed, depending on previous studies in this field.
((effect of early feeding with zinc-methionine on improving growth performance and some biochemical characteristics of broilers))
Authors: Zaki Ali N. , Dakhel Hashim Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the effect of injecting hatching eggs with zinc-methionine on the hatching characteristics, production performance, and some biochemical characteristics of broilers, where 300 eggs from broiler were used, and the eggs were divided into four treatments for each treatment 75 eggs injected with zinc-methionine at concentrations (0, 60, 80 and 100 ppm) and for the treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. From the hatched chicks, 45 chicks were taken from each treatment. They were divided into three replicates, each repeating 15 chicks. And these chicks were raised for 35 days. During the two experiments, we reached the following results: Significant superiority (P<0.05) for treatment T3 in the proportion of chicks hatching, live body weight, and total weight increase compared to the rest of the studied treatments, as there was a significant superiority (P<0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T1 in the percentage of embryo mortality compared with the rest of the studied treatments, as the results indicated a significant superiority (P<0.05) for treatment T1 in the feed consumed rate, there was a significant improvement (P<0.01) for the two treatments T4 and T3 in the feed conversion factor compared with the two treatments T2 and T1. Also, there was a significant superiority (P <0.05) for treatment T1 in the glutathione peroxidase and AST enzymes., ALT, and also manlodehydes.
Used Chemometric Method to Adsorption Fast Green Dye by Nano Charcoal Activated
Authors: Halboos Mohanad Hazim , AL Janabi Noorhan Farhan Awad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper; the modern method was used to remove the Fast Green dye (FGD) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The Nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the (FGD), and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on Box-Behnken design and the method of response surface by used STATISTICA 12 program. That gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that the removal efficiency reached 97.604%.
Impact of Physicochemical Parameters on Macroinvertebrates distribution attached to aquatic plants
Authors: Redha Hussein Ali , Lafta Al-Zurfi Sadiq Kadhum 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The nutrients especially nitrate and phosphate have proven the main factor that affected the density of macroinvertebrates in the ecology of river. Four sites in two seasons (Spring and Summer) of 2020 have been selected to address the question of how the density of different aquatic macroinvertebrate attached to aquatic plants is correlated with physicochemical variables in the Euphrates river/Kufa city that considered the first study in Iraq. 19 taxa were diagnosis of macroinvertebrates attached to four aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus and Phragmites australis) during the study period. The Chironomidae genus was recorded in all aquatic plants. High diversity species appearance was recorded in an aquatic plant (Phragmites australis). The high density of macroinvertebrates recorded in spring than summer. temporal and spatial significant differences were found. Apparently, these spatial and temporal differences to be associated with variations in anthropogenic pressure, which differs in each area of the river. We observed a positive relationship between the PO4, NO3 and the density of macroinvertebrates attached with Phragmites australis and negative relationship between TDS and density of macroinvertebrates attached with Potamogeton crispus and found a negative relationship between BOD and density of macroinvertebrates attached with Hydrilla verticillata. These relationships suggest the physical and chemical variables affect the distribution of functional groups, abundance or biomass. There have been spatiotemporal variations in physical and chemical conditions of water associated with changes in the concentration of organic matter and nutrients.
Antihypertensive Effects of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract in Animal Model of Hypertension
Authors: Sutjiatmo Afifah Bambang , Vikasari Suci Nar , Bintussolihah Falna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is used as an antioxidant, anti-diarrhea, hemorrhoid medication, anti-hypertension, and blood circulation. This study aims to examine the antihypertensive effect of the ethanol extract of purslane in an animal model of hypertension with epinephrine induction. The ethanol extract of purslane was made in 50% ethanol solvent. The antihypertensive effect was tested by induction of epinephrine 0.25 mg/kg bw and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured non-invasively using the Kent Coda Scientific System. The dose of purslane ethanol extract were 27.5; 55, and 110 mg/kg bw, and Psropanolol 1.8 mg/kg bw was used as comparisons. The results showed that the ethanol extract of purslane at dose of 27.5; 55 and 110 mg/kg BW were able to suppress the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of ethanol extract of purslane at a dose of 110 mg/kg bw gave the best results and was equivalent to propanolol (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of purslane had potential effect as an antihypertensive.