bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irregular LIPSS produced on metals by single linearly polarized femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhang Dongshi , Liu Ruijie , Li Zhuguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, supra-wavelength periodic surface structures (SWPSS) are only achievable on silica dielectrics and silicon by femtosecond (fs) laser ablation, while triangular and rhombic laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are achievable by circularly polarized or linear cross-polarized femtosecond laser. This is the first work to demonstrate the possibility of generating SWPSS on Sn and triangular and rhombic LIPSS on W, Mo, Ta, and Nb using a single linearly polarized femtosecond laser. We discovered, for the first time, SWPSS patches with each possessing its own orientation, which are completely independent of the light polarization direction, thus, breaking the traditional rules. Increasing the laser power enlarges SWPSS periods from 4–6 μm to 15–25 μm. We report a maximal period of 25 μm, which is the largest period ever reported for SWPSS, ∼10 and ∼4 times the maximal periods (2.4 μm/6.5 μm) of SWPSS ever achieved by fs and ns laser ablation, respectively. The formation of triangular and rhombic LIPSS does not depend on the laser (power) or processing (scan interval and scan methodology) parameters but strongly depends on the material composition and is unachievable on other metals, such as Sn, Al, Ti, Zn, and Zr. This paper proposes and discusses possible mechanisms for molten droplet generation/spread/solidification, Marangoni convection flow for SWPSS formation, and linear-to-circular polarization transition for triangular and rhombic LIPSS formation. Reflectance and iridescence of as-prepared SWPSS and LIPSS are characterized. It was found that besides insufficient ablation on W, the iridescence density of Ta-, Mo-, Nb-LIPSS follows the sequence of melting temperatures: Ta > Mo > Nb, which indicates that the melting temperature of metals may affect the regularity of LIPSS. This work may inspire significant interest in further enriching the diversity of LIPSS and SWPSS.
Investigation of an electrostatically actuated imperfect circular microplate under transverse pressure for pressure sensor applications
Authors: Das Mainakh , Bhushan Anand 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present static and dynamic analysis of an electrostatically actuated imperfect circular microplate under transverse pressure. In modelling of the microplate, we have included both von Kármán geometric and electrostatic force nonlinearities in the development of the equation of motion. The equation of motion has been solved using Galerkin based reduced order modelling technique. The developed reduced order model has been first validated by comparing it with finite element simulation results. Further, the effects of imperfection as initial curvature and uniform transverse pressure have been investigated on the static and dynamic characteristics of the electrostatically actuated circular microplate. We have also investigated the effects of imperfection and applied DC voltage on the pressure sensitivity of the circular microplate. We have found that both imperfection and electrostatic load are responsible for appreciable variations in sensitivity. This detailed investigation is useful to design an imperfect micro pressure sensor.
Efficacy and Outcomes of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nicholson Maribeth R , Alexander Erin , Ballal Sonia , Davidovics Zev , Docktor Michael , Dole Michael , Gisser Jonathan M , Goyal Alka , Hourigan Suchitra K , Jensen M Kyle , Kaplan Jess L , Kellermayer Richard , Kelsen Judith R , Kennedy Melissa A , Khanna Sahil , Knackstedt Elizabeth D , Lentine Jennifer , Lewis Jeffery D , Michail Sonia , Mitchell Paul D , Oliva-Hemker Maria , Patton Tiffany , Queliza Karen , Sidhu Sarah , Solomon Aliza B , Suskind David L , Weatherly Madison , Werlin Steven , de Zoeten Edwin F , Kahn Stacy A ,   North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Special Interest Group, Aktay Nur , Asbah Imad , Bartlett Mark , Bassett Mikelle , Brumbaugh David , Caicedo Luis , Chawla Anu , Conrad Maire , Dykes Chelly Dana , Grzywacz Kelly , Gulati Ajay , Gurram Bhaskar , Hellman Jenny , Kastl Art , Mallon Danny , Pai Nikhil , Pasternak Brad , Patel Ashish S , Prozialeck Josh , Reilly Norelle , Russell George , Singh Namita , Small-Harary Lesley , Sood Shilpa , Stumphy Jessica , Sullivan Jill , Syed Sabeen , Titgemeyer Cebie , Townsend Pete , Zheng Yuhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are disproportionally affected by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [rCDI]. Although faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has been used with good efficacy in adults with IBD, little is known about outcomes associated with FMT in paediatric IBD.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of FMT at 20 paediatric centres in the USA from March 2012 to March 2020. Children with and without IBD were compared with determined differences in the efficacy of FMT for rCDI. In addition, children with IBD with and without a successful outcome were compared with determined predictors of success. Safety data and IBD-specific outcomes were obtained.

Results
A total of 396 paediatric patients, including 148 with IBD, were included. Children with IBD were no less likely to have a successful first FMT then the non-IBD affected cohort [76% vs 81%, p = 0.17]. Among children with IBD, patients were more likely to have a successful FMT if they received FMT with fresh stool [p = 0.03], were without diarrhoea prior to FMT [p = 0.03], or had a shorter time from rCDI diagnosis until FMT [p = 0.04]. Children with a failed FMT were more likely to have clinically active IBD post-FMT [p = 0.002] and 19 [13%] patients had an IBD-related hospitalisation in the 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Based on the findings from this large US multicentre cohort, the efficacy of FMT for the treatment of rCDI did not differ in children with IBD. Failed FMT among children with IBD was possibly related to the presence of clinically active IBD.
Hyperacute simultaneous cardiocerebral infarction related to floating thrombus in the ascending aorta: a case report
Authors: Issa Ranny , Gallissot Felix , Cochet Alexandre , Cottin Yves 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Ascending aortic thrombus has been reported in several case reports, often revealed by peripheral embolization, but very few revealed by cardiocerebral infarction. Moreover, there is no defined treatment strategy.

Case summary
An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our intensive care unit for concurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute stroke, both with the presence of an embolism. Imaging revealed a floating thrombus in the ascending aorta. The thrombus resolved after anticoagulant therapy was administered, and there was no subsequent embolism recurrence.

Discussion
Floating thrombus in the ascending aorta is an unusual cause of AMI. The main mechanisms of thrombus formation include erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, but it can also form without tissue abnormality with the probable implication of Virchow’s triad. However, the precise mechanism for thrombogenesis remains unknown. In patients with a low surgical risk, we should consider surgical treatment, especially as anticoagulant therapy does not appear to reduce the risk of arterial embolization. Thrombolysis and endovascular interventions have also proven effective in certain cases. Overall, in patients with high surgical risk, decision will have to be made on a case-by-case basis.

Keywords
Acute myocardial infarction • Embolic stroke • Coronary embolism • Ascending aorta thrombus • Floating thrombus • Case report
A case report of RASA1-associated inherited lymphoedema with recurrent life-threatening lymphangitis
Authors: Westphal Dominik S , Bergmann Katharina , Martens Eimo , Ibrahim Tareq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Most cases of lymphoedema are secondary to other causes, while cases of primary lymphoedema, in particular that of congenital origin, are uncommon. Limited genetic disorders are so far known to be associated with lymphatic malformation including mutations in RASA1. This clinical case highlights the possible complications of RASA1-associated lymphatic malformation in a female suffering from recurrent life-threatening septic lymphangitis.

Case summary
A 23-year-old female patient presented with congenital lymphoedema of the lower right extremity. At the age of eight, she first suffered from an episode of lymphangitis. Thereafter, she developed recurrent episodes of lymphangitis predominately occurring during menstruation and culminating into severe and life-threatening septicaemias. Due to the menstrual association, endometriosis was suspected but could not be confirmed. Furthermore, angiography could not detect any sign of arteriovenous fistula. Single-Photon-Emission-Computed-Tomography confirmed absent major lymphatics of the right leg with severely impaired and prolonged dermal lymphatic backflow. Genetic testing identified a disease-causing variant in the RASA1 gene.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first case of recurrent septic lymphangitis with close relation to menstruation in a female with RASA1-associated lymphatic malformation. Due to the possible de novo or somatic origin of a pathogenic variant, a genetic disease should be considered in spite of an unremarkable family history or a localized lymphoedema. Although there is no curative therapy available yet, the knowledge of the underlying genetic defect is important for interdisciplinary patient care and might be crucial for individual molecular therapies in the future.
Tricuspid regurgitation management: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Ricci Fabrizio , Bufano Gabriella , Galusko Victor , Sekar Baskar , Benedetto Umberto , Awad Wael I , Di Mauro Michele , Gallina Sabina , Ionescu Adrian , Badano Luigi , Khanji Mohammed Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a highly prevalent condition and an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. Multiple clinical guidelines exist for the diagnosis and management of TR, but the recommendations may sometimes vary. We systematically reviewed high-quality guidelines with a specific focus on areas of agreement, disagreement, and gaps in evidence. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021), the Guidelines International Network International, Guideline Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, Google Scholar, and websites of relevant organizations for contemporary guidelines that were rigorously developed (as assessed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool). Three guidelines were finally retained. There was consensus on a TR grading system, recognition of isolated functional TR associated with atrial fibrillation, and indications for valve surgery in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients, primary vs. secondary TR, and isolated TR forms. Discrepancies exist in the role of biomarkers, complementary multimodality imaging, exercise echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing for risk stratification and clinical decision-making of progressive TR and asymptomatic severe TR, management of atrial functional TR, and choice of transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI). Risk-based thresholds for quantitative TR grading, robust risk score models for TR surgery, surveillance intervals, population-based screening programmes, TTVI indications, and consensus on endpoint definitions are lacking.
Sudden endograft collapse due to type B aortic dissection after open conversion of endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Ito Tsutomu , Shimizu Hideyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 58-year-old man was admitted for sudden numbness of the right leg and abdominal pain 6 months following late open conversion for endotension after endovascular aortic repair. Computed tomography demonstrated residual endograft collapse due to Stanford type B dissection. Emergent right axillobifemoral bypass was performed to perfuse the lower extremities. We performed subsequent total arch replacement with secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair.
Hepatitis B Vaccination Impact and the Unmet Need for Antiviral Treatment in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Stockdale Alexander J , Meiring James E , Shawa Isaac T , Thindwa Deus , Silungwe Niza M , Mbewe Maurice , Kachala Rabson , Kreuels Benno , Patel Pratiksha , Patel Priyanka , Henrion Marc Y R , Bar-Zeev Naor , Swarthout Todd D , Heyderman Robert S , Gordon Stephen B , Maria Geretti Anna , Gordon Melita A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce mortality, antiviral treatment programs are needed. We estimated prevalence, vaccine impact, and need for antiviral treatment in Blantyre, Malawi.

Methods
We conducted a household study in 2016–2018. We selected individuals from a census using random sampling and estimated age-sex-standardized hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence. Impact of infant hepatitis B vaccination was estimated by binomial log-linear regression comparing individuals born before and after vaccine implementation. In HBsAg-positive adults, eligibility for antiviral therapy was assessed.

Results
Of 97386 censused individuals, 6073 (median age 18 years; 56.7% female) were sampled. HBsAg seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3%–6.1%) among adults and 0.3% (95% CI, .1%–.6%) among children born after vaccine introduction. Estimated vaccine impact was 95.8% (95% CI, 70.3%–99.4%). Of HBsAg-positive adults, 26% were HIV-positive. Among HIV-negative individuals, 3%, 6%, and 9% were eligible for hepatitis B treatment by WHO, European, and American hepatology association criteria, respectively.

Conclusions
Infant HBV vaccination has been highly effective in reducing HBsAg prevalence in urban Malawi. Up to 9% of HBsAg-positive HIV-negative adults are eligible, but have an unmet need, for antiviral therapy.
Length of a sexually selected ornament-armament in fiddler crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae): One way, over deep time and space
Authors: Levinton Jeffrey S , Weissburg Marc 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using three data sources, we measured claw lengths of the extremely large major claws of 70 species of fiddler crabs, spread over four major biogeographic regions and all 11 genera, as a function of carapace length. Despite a diversity of biogeography, body size, type of sexual signaling and mating behavior, and details of claw morphology, all species groupings follow the same linear relationship. No subgroupings could be determined, by region, among diverse genera, by ancestral-derived status, or by data source. Major claw size is known to be implicated in female selection of mates, which might be expected to diversify claw lengths among species and genera, as might differences in combat might be expected to diversify claw length, as it does in other claw traits. The constancy suggests a possible functional constraint on major claw length across the fiddler crabs, which is to be determined. Efficient folding of the claw as the male rapidly retreats into a burrow, or a protection of the carapace from frontal attack by predators or combatants in an initial aggressive encounter might select for this pervasive relationship. Tests are suggested. The sexually selected major claw is more variable than the naturally selected minor claw, but this difference in variability could be attributed partially to regeneration of the major cheliped and even variation in shape. A surprising similar trend of closing force index for the major claw exists for a large number of species spread throughout the genera and major regions occupied by fiddler crabs, but a considerable variation exists in a variety of functional traits. Thus, the constancy of length relationship stands out distinctly from a considerable background variation in form. As a sexually selected trait, the claw length constancy begs for an explanation.
Insulated nest boxes provide thermal refuges for wildlife in urban bushland during summer heatwaves
Authors: Honey Reannan , McLean Chris , Murray Brad R , Webb Jonathan K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In urban bushland, the installation of nest boxes is widely used to compensate for the loss of natural tree hollows. However, current nest box designs may not provide thermal refuges for wildlife during summer heatwaves, particularly if internal temperatures exceed the upper critical temperatures of wildlife. We investigated whether the addition of roofing insulation to nest boxes deployed for sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) and squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) in urban bushland would reduce internal nest box temperatures during summer heatwaves. We measured temperatures of 44 insulated and 47 uninsulated nest boxes during one of the hottest summers on record (2018–2019) in the Lake Macquarie region of NSW, Australia, a period during which several prolonged heatwaves occurred. Over the 90-day study, maximum temperatures were, on average, 3.1°C lower in insulated boxes than in uninsulated boxes. The addition of insulation significantly lowered nest box temperatures regardless of aspect (north or south facing) or day of measurement. Temperatures exceeded the upper critical temperature (35.1°C) of gliders more frequently in uninsulated nest boxes (28% of days) than in insulated nest boxes (8% days). Although the addition of insulation to nest boxes lowered their internal temperatures, during heatwaves spanning 23 days, nest box temperatures exceeded the upper critical temperatures of gliders on 58% and 23% of days in uninsulated and insulated nest boxes respectively. These findings underscore the importance of retaining natural hollows in urban bushland to provide thermally suitable refuges for wildlife during extreme heat events.
The Zwicky Transient Facility Type Ia supernova survey: first data release and results
Authors: Dhawan S , Goobar A , Smith M , Johansson J , Rigault M , Nordin J , Biswas R , Goldstein D , Nugent P , Kim Y-L , Miller A A , Graham M J , Medford M , Kasliwal M M , Kulkarni S R , Duev Dmitry A , Bellm E , Rosnet P , Riddle R , Sollerman J 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the nearby Hubble flow are excellent distance indicators in cosmology. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has observed a large sample of SNe from an untargeted, rolling survey, reaching 20.8, 20.6, and 20.3 mag in g r, and i band, respectively. With an FoV of 47 deg2, ZTF discovered &gt; 3000 SNe Ia in a little over 2.5 yr. Here, we report on the sample of 761 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first year of operations (DR1). The sample has a median redshift $\bar{z} =$ 0.057, nearly a factor of 2 higher than the current low-z sample. Our sample has a total of 934 spectra, of which 632 were obtained with the robotic SEDm on Palomar P60. We assess the potential for precision cosmology for a total of 305 SNe with redshifts from host galaxy spectra. The sample is already comparable in size to the entire combined literature low-z anchor sample. The median first detection is 13.5 d before maximum light, about 10 d earlier than the median in the literature. Furthermore, six SNe from our sample are at DL &lt; 80 Mpc, for which host galaxy distances can be obtained in the JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE era, such that we have calibrator and Hubble flow SNe observed with the same instrument. In the entire duration of ZTF-I, we have observed nearly 50 SNe for which we can obtain calibrator distances, key for per cent level distance scale measurements.
No One Dies Alone
Authors: DePolo Marcia , Kennedy Tonia R. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT:
No One Dies Alone is a hospital-based volunteer program that provides a caring human presence at the end of life for patients when nurses cannot remain at the bedside. No One Dies Alone volunteers offer peace of mind for families who can know their loved ones will not die alone. Volunteers live out the second greatest commandment of loving your neighbor as yourself by providing a calming presence, voice, touch, support, and validation of feelings. A case study illustrates the value of a volunteer's presence.
Recognizing and Managing Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Nguyen Quoc-Bao D. , Vu Mai-Anh N. , Hebert Adelaide A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a superficial blistering disorder caused by exfoliative toxin-releasing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial toxins are released hematogenously, and after a prodromal fever and exquisite tenderness of skin, patients present with tender erythroderma and flaccid bullae with subsequent superficial generalized exfoliation. The head-to-toe directed exfoliation lasts up to 10 to 14 days without scarring after proper treatment. Children younger than 6 years are predominantly affected because of their lack of toxin-neutralizing antibodies and the immature renal system's inability to excrete the causative exotoxins. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and essential primary skin lesions used to diagnose staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are summarized for the pediatric emergency medicine physician.
Identification of approximate symmetries in biological development
Authors: Gandhi Punit , Ciocanel Maria-Veronica , Niklas Karl , Dawes Adriana T. 
Published: November 2021

Virtually all forms of life, from single-cell eukaryotes to complex, highly differentiated multicellular organisms, exhibit a property referred to as symmetry. However, precise measures of symmetry are often difficult to formulate and apply in a meaningful way to biological systems, where symmetries and asymmetries can be dynamic and transient, or be visually apparent but not reliably quantifiable using standard measures from mathematics and physics. Here, we present and illustrate a novel measure that draws on concepts from information theory to quantify the degree of symmetry, enabling the identification of approximate symmetries that may be present in a pattern or a biological image. We apply the measure to rotation, reflection and translation symmetries in patterns produced by a Turing model, as well as natural objects (algae, flowers and leaves). This method of symmetry quantification is unbiased and rigorous, and requires minimal manual processing compared to alternative measures. The proposed method is therefore a useful tool for comparison and identification of symmetries in biological systems, with potential future applications to symmetries that arise during development, as observedin vivoor as produced by mathematical models.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Recent progress and open frontiers in Turing’s theory of morphogenesis’.