bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Політичні погляди дворян Бессарабської губернії на початку ХХ століття
Authors: Захарова Оксана 
Published: July 2021

Одним із результатів першої російської революції 1905-1907 рр. стала можливість офіційно відкривати політичні організації. Це сприяло тому, що на території багатьох адміністративно-територіальних одиниць Російської імперії, котра була багатоетнічною країною, офіційно стали відкриватися політичні організації різної ідеологічної спрямованості: національні, консервативні та ліберальні. Представники вищого стану держави теж були членами деяких політично спрямованих організацій.
У статті проведено дослідження політичних поглядів нобілів Бессарабської губернії на початку ХХ ст., їх зміни під час Першої світової війни. У публікації також розглянуто питання належності місцевих нобілів до політичних організацій, їх діяльність у них на початку ХХ ст. та під час Першої світової війни.
Громадсько-політична діяльність педагогів шкіл УРСР у 1950-1980-х роках
Authors: Лаврут Ольга 
Published: July 2021

Учительство у радянській державі розглядали у фокусі рупорів ідеології правлячої партії, котрі формували світогляд підростаючого покоління. Воно поставало і з позицій кадрової політики, яка носила чітко регламентований і централізований характер. На учительських з’їздах працівників народної освіти та комісіях з питань освіти обговорювали питання різних сфер життя педагогів і наголошували на їх участі у них.
Ще одним напрямком їх діяльності стало долучення до передвиборчих кампаній. Вони виступали у ролі й агітаторів, акцентуючи на особливостях і перевагах радянської системи, і кандидатів у депутати. Педагоги брали участь й у громадських заходах, приурочені річницям життя та творчості діячів культури. Учителі були агітаторами, членами Педагогічного товариства з поширення політичних і наукових знань. Під гаслами соціально-економічного поступу СРСР педагоги допомагали на підприємствах, на ланах і фермах колгоспів і радгоспів. З одного боку, ці заходи демонстрували інтеграцію кожного у державотворчі процеси, а з іншого – відривали учительство від його безпосередніх справ.
Віктор Янукович: початок політичної кар’єри
Authors: Денисенко Вадим 
Published: July 2021

У статі подана коротка характеристика публікацій на сторінках яких відтворено біографію четвертого Президента України – В. Януковича. Відштовхуючись від цих робіт і залучивши нові джерела, нами була здійснена спроба реконструкції перших етапів його політичної біографії. На підставі аналізу доступних документів і свідчень, критично переосмислюємо наявні теорії та припущення відносно кримінального переслідування В. Януковича у 1970-х роках, подальшого його засудження й ув’язнення. Звертаємо увагу на особливості процесу «погашення» цих судимостей.
Показано взаємозв’язок кримінального досвіду набутого В. Януковичем у пізньорадянський період і подальшим, стрімким просування його владною драбиною. Припускаємо, що таке стрімке входження до політичних еліт регіону було обумовлене співпрацею із «силовиками».
На підставі політичного аналізу розподілу впливу між різними фінансово-промисловими групами початку 1990-х років обґрунтовуємо твердження проте, що перехід В. Януковича у «велику політику» був обумовлений домовленостями між Президентом Л. Кучмою та представниками донецької фінансово-промислової групи. Нами зроблена спроба показати, що пролобіювавши на посаду прем’єр-міністра України В. Януковича, представники донецької фінанси-промислової групи не мали повного контролю над цим Урядом, оскільки ключові посади у ньому належали орієнтованим на Президента Л. Кучму акторам.
На підставі аналізу структури, кадрової політики, особливостей розподілу повноважень між членами Уряду В. Януковича обґрунтовується гіпотеза про те, що голові цього Кабінету міністрів відводилася роль клієнта, який сумлінно виконував вказівки своїх патронів і готувався до боротьби за посаду Президента України.
Погіршення відносин між США та КНР під час світової пандемії COVID-19
Authors: Вовчук Людмила , Бойко Аліна 
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена висвітленню причин погіршення відносин між США та КНР під час світової пандемії коронавірусу. Відносини між США та Китаєм завжди мали хвилеподібний характер, що пояснюється величезною амбіційністю цих гігантів і бажанням бути першим. Однак, серйозна криза між країнами відбулася під час світової боротьби з COVID-19, що викликало занепокоєння у багатьох міжнародних експертів щодо можливого початку нової холодної війни. Американський президент Дональд Трамп, звинувативши КНР у поширенні штучного вірусу, пригрозив «розірвати усі відносини» з ним. Подальші дії обох країн спонукали до ще більш серйозного загострення у відносинах. З приходом до влади в США Дж. Байдена спостерігається зниження рівня напруги у двосторонніх відносинах. Новий американський президент заявив, що Білий дім готовий співпрацювати з Китаєм у тому випадку, якщо це відповідає інтересам США.
Vibration Threshold Exceedances in the Groningen Building Vibration Monitoring Network
Authors: Bronkhorst A. J. , Moretti D. , Geurts C. P. W. 
Published: July 2021

Vibration assessment criteria for cosmetic building damage are specified in terms of peak velocity thresholds. For masonry buildings, these thresholds are relatively low compared to vibration levels generated by various sources in the built environment. Therefore they will be exceeded numerous times over the lifetime of most buildings. These exceedances are important when one tries to establish or disprove a causal relation between building damage and a vibration source. Despite the relevance of this information, little is known about the number of times velocity thresholds for cosmetic building damage are exceeded in the built environment. The vibration data collected over a period of more than 5 years in 326 buildings, mostly constructed in masonry and randomly distributed over the Province of Groningen, allowed for a unique opportunity to gain insight. First of all, to determine the number of times these thresholds were exceeded, and secondly to make a comparison between shallow earthquakes and other sources. The number of exceedances and the return period were determined for a set of thresholds (i.e. 0.3, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 mm/s), which align with peak velocity thresholds typically encountered in vibration assessment guidelines and standards. The results obtained over a 1 year period with very low seismic activity (only earthquakes with M &lt; 2.0) show that the velocity thresholds for cosmetic damage to masonry buildings (i.e. 1, 3, and 5 mm/s) were exceeded on average less than once a month for 80% of the building sensors. For buildings with a large number of exceedances of these thresholds, the most important sources appear to be traffic, construction work, and hits near the sensor. A subset of 59 building sensors was selected, for which the full operational period of about 5 years was analysed to determine the contribution of earthquakes to the threshold exceedances. Less than 1% of the 1 mm/s exceedances measured by the 59 sensors over their full operational period were caused by earthquakes. Only for building with few exceedances (less than 8), the relative influence of induced earthquakes on the number of exceedances is significant (between 30 and 50%).
Studies for Frost Heave Characteristics and the Prevention of the High-Speed Railway Roadbed in the Zoige Wetland, China
Authors: Niu Fujun , Hu He , Liu Minghao , Ma Qinguo , Su Wenji 
Published: July 2021

The Xining–Chengdu high-speed railway crosses the Zoige Wetland, located on the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The cold climate and frost-heave-sensitive subgrade soil cause a large frost heave deformation of the roadbed, threatening the safety of trains. This article systematically studied the ground temperature development, frost heave characteristics, soil water content, and groundwater level variations by field investigation and monitoring. The maximum frost heave deformations of the natural flat ground and hillslope reached 25.64 and 3.17 mm, respectively, and this significant discrepancy was mainly caused by the groundwater supply conditions. Future roadbed stability on the flat ground may be compromised by frost heave deformation. To solve this problem, contrasting indoor tests were conducted to analyze the frost heave characteristics of natural ground clay and replacement coarse-grained soil (CGS). It was shown that the absorbed external water mainly changed into dispersed pore ice in the freezing CGS, while it mainly changed into the layered ice lens in the freezing clay. Further tests showed that the frost susceptibility of the CGS was proportional to the fines content and initial water content. The poorly graded CGS had weaker frost susceptibility than the well-graded CGS. The results suggest that anti-frost methods should be fully considered, including strict control of fines content and water content, prioritizing the use of poorly graded filling, and disruption of local water accumulation in the filling layer.
Sandbox Modeling of Transrotational Tectonics With Changeable Poles: Implications for the Yinggehai Basin
Authors: Liu Jun , Jia Dong , Yin Hongwei , Shen Li , Fan Xiaogen , He Zhiyuan , Cui Jian , Yang Shuang , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2021

The main formation of the Yinggehai Basin has been related to the rotation of the Indochina block, resulting in large-scale strike-slip motion along the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ). Transrotational tectonics played a key role in the evolution of the Yinggehai Basin. In this study, we present analog experiments with a preexisting basal velocity discontinuity boundary, rotation of crustal blocks concerning vertical axes, and syntectonic sedimentations to evaluate how the transrotational tectonics controls the evolutionary process of the Yinggehai Basin. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to monitor the deformation of the model surface. Four successive poles of rotation have been applied to the model. The basin evolution underwent two phases. An early phase of deformation is characterized by the nucleation of the main internal faults above the velocity discontinuity boundary and segmented en echelon border fault systems. In the early phase, the internal and boundary faults mainly accommodated large-scale strike-slip displacement. During progressive extension, the main internal faults deactivated, and tectonic activity is localized along the boundary and secondary internal faults in the late phase. The boundary faults in the rotating block play a dominant role in the widening and deepening of the rift zone at an accelerating rate. The model surface morphology shows similarities to the Yinggehai Basin, which is wide in the middle and converges toward the northwest and southeast. In addition, experimental profiles have been compared with seismic profiles in the Yinggehai Basin. The model results also indicate that the rotation of the Indochina block combines with strong strike-slip motion. The similarities between modeling and nature provide support for ∼250 km sinistral displacement along the RRFZ between ∼32 and ∼21 Ma.
Sclerosing Sialadenitis Is Associated With Salivary Gland Hypofunction and a Unique Gene Expression Profile in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Yin Hongen , Pranzatelli Thomas J. F. , French Benjamin N. , Zhang Nan , Warner Blake M. , Chiorini John A. ,   NIDCD/NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop a novel method to quantify the amount of fibrosis in the salivary gland and to investigate the relationship between fibrosis and specific symptoms associated with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) using this method.Materials and MethodsParaffin-embedded labial salivary gland (LSG) slides from 20 female SS patients and their clinical and LSG pathology data were obtained from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance. Relative interstitial fibrosis area (RIFA) in Masson’s trichrome-stained LSG sections was quantified from digitally scanned slides and used for correlation analysis. Gene expression levels were assessed by microarray analysis. Core promoter accessibility for RIFA-correlated genes was determined using DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing analysis.ResultsRIFA was significantly correlated with unstimulated whole saliva flow rate in SS patients. Sixteen genes were significantly and positively correlated with RIFA. In a separate analysis, a group of differentially expressed genes was identified by comparing severe and moderate fibrosis groups. This combined set of genes was distinct from differentially expressed genes identified in lung epithelium from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients compared with controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of salivary glands suggested most of the RIFA-correlated genes are expressed by fibroblasts in the gland and are in a permissive chromatin state.ConclusionRIFA quantification is a novel method for assessing interstitial fibrosis and the impact of fibrosis on SS symptoms. Loss of gland function may be associated with salivary gland fibrosis, which is likely to be driven by a unique set of genes that are mainly expressed by fibroblasts.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Shi Jijing , Zhou Jianglin , Zhang Xiaochang , Hu Wei , Zhao Jin-Fang , Wang Shengqi , Wang Fu-Sheng , Zhang Ji-Yuan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are considered to participate of the host immune response against acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, single-cell transcriptomic profiling of MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19 remains unexplored.MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on peripheral MAIT cells from 13 patients with COVID-19 and 5 healthy donors. The transcriptional profiles of MAIT cells, together with assembled T-cell receptor sequences, were analyzed. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to investigate the properties of MAIT cells.ResultsWe identified that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MAIT cells were involved in myeloid leukocyte activation and lymphocyte activation in patients with COVID-19. In addition, in MAIT cells from severe cases, more DEGs were enriched in adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses compared with those in moderate cases. Further analysis indicated that the increase of cell cytotoxicity (killing), chemotaxis, and apoptosis levels in MAIT cells were consistent with disease severity and displayed the highest levels in patients with severe disease. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis showed that the frequencies of pyroptotic MAIT cells, but not the frequencies of apoptotic MAIT cells, were increased significantly in patients with COVID-19, suggesting pyroptosis is one of leading causes of MAIT cell deaths during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, there were more clonal expansions of MAIT cells in severe cases than in moderate cases.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that MAIT cells are likely to be involved in the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Simultaneously, the transcriptomic data from MAIT cells provides a deeper understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the disease.
Association Between Syndecan-1, Fluid Overload, and Progressive Acute Kidney Injury After Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Xu Jiarui , Jiang Wuhua , Li Yang , Li Haoxuan , Geng Xuemei , Chen Xin , Hu Jiachang , Shen Bo , Wang Yimei , Fang Yi , Wang Chunsheng , Luo Zhe , Tu Guowei , Hu Jie , Ding Xiaoqiang , Teng Jie , Xu Xialian 
Published: July 2021

Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and the prognosis of AKI worsens with the increase in AKI severity. Syndecan-1(SDC-1) is a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation. Fluid overload (FO) is associated with poor outcomes in AKI patients and may be related to the damage of endothelial function. This study aimed at demonstrating the association between elevated SDC-1, FO, and AKI progression.Methods:In this prospective study, we screened patients who underwent cardiac surgery and enrolled patients who experienced an AKI within 48 h after surgery from December 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019. Blood and urine samples were collected at the time of AKI diagnosis for plasma SDC-1 (pSDC-1) and urine SDC-1 (uSDC-1) measurements. Fluid balance (FB) = accumulated [fluid intake (L) - fluid output (L)]/body weight (kg) × 100%. FO was defined as FB &gt; 5%. The primary endpoint was progressive AKI, defined as AKI progression from a lower to a higher stage. The patients were divided into progressive AKI group vs. non-progressive AKI group.Results:The quartiles of pSDC-1 concentration (117.3 [67.4, 242.3] ng/mL) showed a graded association with the incidence of progressive AKI, ranging from 5.0, 11.9, 32.6 to 52.4% (pfor trend &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that increased pSDC-1 was an independent risk factor for progressive AKI. The AUC-ROC area of pSDC-1 concentration in predicting AKI progression was 0.847. Linear regression showed a positive correlation between FB and pSDC-1 concentration (R2= 0.384,p&lt; 0.001). In patients with FO, the progressive AKI incidence was significantly higher in the high pSDC-1 (≥117.3 ng/mL) subgroup than in the low pSDC-1 subgroup (58.3 vs. 17.6%, OR = 9.167,P= 0.005). In patients without FO, the progressive AKI incidence was also significantly higher in the high pSDC-1 subgroup with a lower odds ratio (30.4 vs. 7.4%, OR = 6.714,P= 0.002).Conclusion:Elevated pSDC-1 concentration was associated with progressive AKI after cardiac surgery and showed good predictive ability for progressive AKI. FB was related to the increase of pSDC-1. The interaction between pSDC-1 and FB may further aggravate the progression of AKI.
Predicting MCI to AD Conversation Using Integrated sMRI and rs-fMRI: Machine Learning and Graph Theory Approach
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Liao Qian , Zhang Danmei , Zhang Chao , Yan Jing , Ngetich Ronald , Zhang Junjun , Jin Zhenlan , Li Ling 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGraph theory and machine learning have been shown to be effective ways of classifying different stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most previous studies have only focused on inter-subject classification with single-mode neuroimaging data. However, whether this classification can truly reflect the changes in the structure and function of the brain region in disease progression remains unverified. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the classification framework, which combines structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) metrics, to distinguish mild cognitive impairment non-converters (MCInc)/AD from MCI converters (MCIc) by using graph theory and machine learning.MethodsWith the intra-subject (MCInc vs. MCIc) and inter-subject (MCIc vs. AD) design, we employed cortical thickness features, structural brain network features, and sub-frequency (full-band, slow-4, slow-5) functional brain network features for classification. Three feature selection methods [random subset feature selection algorithm (RSFS), minimal redundancy maximal relevance (mRMR), and sparse linear regression feature selection algorithm based on stationary selection (SS-LR)] were used respectively to select discriminative features in the iterative combinations of MRI and network measures. Then support vector machine (SVM) classifier with nested cross-validation was employed for classification. We also compared the performance of multiple classifiers (Random Forest, K-nearest neighbor, Adaboost, SVM) and verified the reliability of our results by upsampling.ResultsWe found that in the classifications of MCIc vs. MCInc, and MCIc vs. AD, the proposed RSFS algorithm achieved the best accuracies (84.71, 89.80%) than the other algorithms. And the high-sensitivity brain regions found with the two classification groups were inconsistent. Specifically, in MCIc vs. MCInc, the high-sensitivity brain regions associated with both structural and functional features included frontal, temporal, caudate, entorhinal, parahippocampal, and calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex. While in MCIc vs. AD, the high-sensitivity brain regions associated only with functional features included frontal, temporal, thalamus, olfactory, and angular.ConclusionsThese results suggest that our proposed method could effectively predict the conversion of MCI to AD, and the inconsistency of specific brain regions provides a novel insight for clinical AD diagnosis.
The Psychiatric Symptomology of Visual Snow Syndrome
Authors: Solly Emma J. , Clough Meaghan , Foletta Paige , White Owen B. , Fielding Joanne 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To characterise the psychiatric symptoms of visual snow syndrome (VSS), and determine their relationship to quality of life and severity of visual symptoms.Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with VSS completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depression/anxiety, dissociative experiences (depersonalisation), sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life, as well as a structured clinical interview about their visual and sensory symptoms.Results: VSS patients showed high rates of anxiety and depression, depersonalisation, fatigue, and poor sleep, which significantly impacted quality of life. Further, psychiatric symptoms, particularly depersonalisation, were related to increased severity of visual symptoms. The severity/frequency of psychiatric symptoms did not differ significantly due to the presence of migraine, patient sex, or timing of VSS onset (lifelong vs. later onset).Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with VSS and are associated with increased visual symptom severity and reduced quality of life. Importantly, patients with lifelong VSS reported lower levels of distress and milder self-ratings of visual symptoms compared to patients with a later onset, while being equally likely to experience psychiatric symptoms. This suggests that the psychiatric symptoms of VSS are not solely due to distress caused by visual symptoms. While no consistently effective treatments are available for the visual symptomology of VSS, psychiatric symptoms offer an avenue of treatment that is likely to significantly improve patient quality of life and ability to cope with visual symptoms.