bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Driven Approach Reveals That Anomalous Motor System Connectivity is Associated With the Severity of Core Autism Symptoms
Authors: Lidstone Daniel E. , Rochowiak Rebecca , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Nebel Mary Beth 
Published: January 2021

This study examined whether disruptions in connectivity involving regions critical for learning, planning, and executing movements are relevant to core autism symptoms. Spatially constrained ICA was performed using resting‐state fMRI from 419 children (autism spectrum disorder (ASD) = 105; typically developing (TD) = 314) to identify functional motor subdivisions. Comparing the spatial organization of each subdivision between groups, we found voxels that contributed significantly less to the right posterior cerebellar component in children with ASD versus TD (P <0.001). Next, we examined the effect of diagnosis on right posterior cerebellar connectivity with all other motor subdivisions. The model was significant (P = 0.014) revealing that right posterior cerebellar connectivity with bilateral dorsomedial primary motor cortex was, on average, stronger in children with ASD, while right posterior cerebellar connectivity with left‐inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral dorsolateral premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area was stronger in TD children (all P ≤0.02). We observed a diagnosis‐by‐connectivity interaction such that for children with ASD, elevated social‐communicative and excessive repetitive‐behavior symptom severity were both associated with right posterior cerebellar‐left‐IPL hypoconnectivity (P ≤0.001). Right posterior cerebellar and left‐IPL are strongly implicated in visuomotor processing with dysfunction in this circuit possibly leading to anomalous development of skills, such as motor imitation, that are crucial for effective social‐communication.Lay SummaryThis study examines whether communication between various brain regions involved in the control of movement are disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We show communication between the right posterior cerebellum and left IPL, a circuit important for efficient visual‐motor integration, is disrupted in children with ASD and associated with the severity of ASD symptoms. These results may explain observations of visual‐motor integration impairments in children with ASD that are associated with ASD symptom severity.
Fünfteilige Fichtenlamellen zur Erzielung eines zweidimensionalen Laminierungseffekts in Brettschichtholz
Authors: Egner Sebastian , Strübel Stephan , Frese Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrettschichtholz besitzt gegenüber dem Brettmaterial, aus dem es schichtweise aufgebaut ist, verbesserte Festigkeiten. Darin zeigt sich der Laminierungseffekt. Er beruht auf Lastumlagerungen und günstigen Beanspruchungen der Bretter im Verbund. Dieser bei Brettschichtholz eindimensional vorhandene Effekt lässt sich wiederum auf einzelne Lamellen übertragen, indem diese aus einzelnen Leisten unterschiedlicher Bretter aufgebaut werden. Durch solche Lamellen kann lokal in Brettschichtholz ein zweidimensionaler Laminierungseffekt realisiert werden. Das wird in besonderen Anwendungen bereits technisch genutzt. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass fünfteilige Fichtenlamellen, die durch Auftrennen von fünflagigen Brettschichtholzquerschnitten industriell produziert wurden, zur Verstärkung hoher Querschnitte grundsätzlich geeignet sind. 126 solcher Lamellen wurden hergestellt und wiederum keilgezinkt. Lamellen und Keilzinkenverbindungen wurden in Zug‐ bzw. Biegeversuchen geprüft und die Festigkeitswerte in ein Rechenmodell eingegeben, mit dem Biegeversuche an verstärkten Brettschichtholzträgern simuliert und Biegefestigkeiten erzeugt wurden. Einfache Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen geben Anzeichen dafür, dass sich der zweidimensionale Laminierungseffekt insbesondere auf statistische Lagemaße unterhalb des 5 %‐Quantils positiv auswirkt. Im direkten Vergleich mit unverstärkten Trägern bewirken fünfteilige Lamellen dann ein Anheben der Zuverlässigkeit bzw. eine Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit.
DNA topoisomerases: Advances in understanding of cellular roles and multi‐protein complexes via structure‐function analysis
Authors: McKie Shannon J. , Neuman Keir C. , Maxwell Anthony 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA metabolism. As we review here, current structural approaches have revealed unprecedented insights into the complex DNA‐topoisomerase interaction and strand passage mechanism, helping to advance our understanding of their activities in vivo. This has been complemented by single‐molecule techniques, which have facilitated the detailed dissection of the various topoisomerase reactions. Recent work has also revealed the importance of topoisomerase interactions with accessory proteins and other DNA‐associated proteins, supporting the idea that they often function as part of multi‐enzyme assemblies in vivo. In addition, novel topoisomerases have been identified and explored, such as topo VIII and Mini‐A. These new findings are advancing our understanding of DNA‐related processes and the vital functions topos fulfil, demonstrating their indispensability in virtually every aspect of DNA metabolism.
Optimization hydrothermal synthesis conditions for nano‐sized (Na0.5Bi0.495Nd0.005)TiO3 particles by an orthogonal experiment and their luminescence performance
Authors: He Xiyue , Li Wenxiang , Fang Bijun , Zhang Shuai , Lu Xiaolong , Ding Jianning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBy designing an orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels, (Na0.5Bi0.495Nd0.005)TiO3 (NBT‐Nd) nanopowders were prepared using a hydrothermal method under different conditions to determine the optimum hydrothermal synthesis conditions. The synthesized NBT‐Nd nanopowders were characterized using X‐ray diffraction measurement, ultraviolet–visible spectra, photoluminescence spectra, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the orthogonal experimental conditions. The results showed that NBT‐Nd powders with excellent crystalline and luminescence properties could be obtained at 160°C, with a 16 h reaction time, 8 mol·L−1 NaOH, and with 0.4489 g C19H42BrN. The optimized hydrothermal method‐prepared NBT‐Nd powder has a rather pure rhombohedral perovskite structure at room temperature, and exhibits an aggregated polycrystalline structure containing nanotubes and nano‐sized particles. Under excitation of 247 nm light, strong fluorescence emissions are excited at 423 nm and 441 nm in the NBT‐Nd powder that were generated by transitions of Nd3+ from 2D5/2 to 4I9/2 and from 4G11/2 to 4I9/2, respectively. Through CIE1931 chromaticity calculation of the emission peaks, the NBT‐Nd powder was shown to emit indigo blue fluorescent light.
Virus‐like particle preparation is improved by control over capsomere‐DNA interactions during chromatographic purification
Authors: Gerstweiler Lukas , Bi Jingxiu , Middelberg Anton Peter Jacob 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExpression of viral capsomeres in bacterial systems and subsequent in vitro assembly into virus‐like particles is a possible pathway for affordable future vaccines. However, purification is challenging as viral capsomeres show poor binding to chromatography media. In this study, the behavior of capsomeres in unfractionated bacterial lysate was compared with that for purified capsomeres, with or without added microbial DNA, to better understand reasons for poor bioprocess behavior. We show that aggregates or complexes form through the interaction between viral capsomeres and DNA, especially in bacterial lysates rich in contaminating DNA. The formation of these complexes prevents the target protein capsomeres from accessing the pores of chromatography media. We find that protein–DNA interactions can be modulated by controlling the ionic strength of the buffer and that at elevated ionic strengths the protein–DNA complexes dissociate. Capsomeres thus released show enhanced bind‐elute behavior on salt‐tolerant chromatography media. DNA could therefore be efficiently removed. We believe this is the first report of the use of an optimized salt concentration that dissociates capsomere–DNA complexes yet enables binding to salt‐tolerant media. Post purification, assembly experiments indicate that DNA–protein interactions can play a negative role during in vitro assembly, as DNA–protein complexes could not be assembled into virus‐like particles, but formed worm‐like structures. This study reveals that the control over DNA–protein interaction is a critical consideration during downstream process development for viral vaccines.
Targeting TRIM Proteins: A Quest towards Drugging an Emerging Protein Class
Authors: D'Amico Francesca , Mukhopadhyay Rishov , Ovaa Huib , Mulder Monique P. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ubiquitylation machinery regulates several fundamental biological processes from protein homeostasis to a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. As a consequence, its dysregulation is linked to diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmunity. With this review, we aim to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting E3 ligases, with a special focus on an emerging class of RING ligases, named tri‐partite motif (TRIM) proteins, whose role as targets for drug development is currently gaining pharmaceutical attention. TRIM proteins exert their catalytic activity as scaffolds involved in many protein–protein interactions, whose multidomains and adapter‐like nature make their druggability very challenging. Herein, we give an overview of the current understanding of this class of single polypeptide RING E3 ligases and discuss potential targeting options.
Investigation of the Electrocatalytic Activity of CuRu Alloy and Its Mechanism for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cui Zhao , Duan Shengquan , Yao Shuangshuang , Pan Ting , Dai Dongmei , Gao Hongtao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon‐precious metal alloys are expected to replace noble‐metal Pt catalysts for electro‐catalysts hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to solve both energy crisis and environmental problems. CuRu binary alloy has been designed theoretically, whose electronic properties were investigated to illustrate its electrical conductivity and stability. The d‐band center was close to the Fermi level in electronic structure, indicating its potential catalytic activity. The CuRu alloy was prepared by a facile liquid phase reduction method, which owned its catalytic activity with a low over potential of 86.7 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH solution, with a corresponding small Tafel slope of 40 mV ⋅ dec−1. The adsorption site of H on CuRu (101) surface, adsorption capacity, HER mechanism and reaction kinetics were investigated by first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to reveal highly efficient and fast kinetic reaction of CuRu alloy.
A Concise Total Synthesis of Dehydroantofine and Its Antimalarial Activity against Chloroquine‐Resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Yamasaki Naoto , Iwasaki Ikumi , Sakumi Kazu , Hokari Rei , Ishiyama Aki , Iwatsuki Masato , Nakahara Masataka , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sugai Takeshi , Imagawa Hiroshi , Kubo Miwa , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Ōmura Satoshi , Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe total synthesis of dehydroantofine was achieved by employing a novel, regioselective, azahetero Diels–Alder reaction of easily accessible 3,5‐dichloro‐2H‐1,4‐oxazin‐2‐one with 14 a as a key step. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that dehydroantofine is a promising candidate as a new antimalarial agent in a biological assay with chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
Catellani Reaction: An Enabling Technology for Vicinal Functionalization of Aryl Halides by Palladium(0)/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Dong Sichan , Luan Xinjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Catellani reaction, originally discovered by Catellani in 1997, and further developed by Catellani, Lautens and others, has emerged as a powerful strategy for the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes, which would be difficult to access via traditional methods. In this process, both ortho‐ and ipso‐positions of aryl halides could be functionalized simultaneously with different electrophiles and terminating agents under the cooperative catalysis of palladium and norbornene (NBE). This review focuses on the significant progress of such transformations, and the section of typical Catellani reactions is divided into five parts according to the functionalization mode of ortho‐C—H bond: alkylation, arylation, amination, acylation or thiolation.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking of Benzoic Hydrazide or Amide Derivatives Containing a 1,2,3‐Triazole Group as Potential SDH Inhibitors
Authors: Ding Yue , Zhang Ling , Yang Song , Li Zhong , Wang Pei‐Yi 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe present study was carried out in an attempt to synthesize a new class of antimicrobial agents containing a 1,2,3‐triazole motif formed by classical copper catalyzed click chemistry. Antifungal bioassay results showed that five compounds 5a, 5e, 5h, 5j, and 5k possessed a remarkable growth inhibitory activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani and Gibberella zeae with EC50 values within 10.0—0.306 μg/mL. The in vitro efficacy was better than those of the commercial agrochemicals Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, and Fluxapyroxad. In vivo trials showed that compound 5l was effective for the control of rice sheath blight and wheat scab with the effects of 75% and 95%, respectively. Antifungal mechanism studies suggested that target compounds were potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), which were proposed by the agreeable molecular docking study and restrained SDH activity (IC50 = 3.95 μg/mL, 5l). Interestingly, compounds 5r and 5s displayed good antibacterial activity against phytopathogens. In vivo screening of 5r and 5s against rice bacterial blight afforded a superior control effect (up to 51%) than those of commercial agents Bismerthiazol and Thiodiazole copper. The current studies could support some title compounds to be the lead compounds for exploring highly bioactive antimicrobial substrates, particularly the potential SDHIs.
Immune cell infiltrates as prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McGuigan Andrew J , Coleman Helen G , McCain R Stephen , Kelly Paul J , Johnston David I , Taylor Mark A , Turkington Richard C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmune cell infiltration has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers. However, no immune based biomarker has yet been validated for use in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of immune cell infiltration, measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), as a prognostic biomarker in PDAC. All other IHC prognostic biomarkers in PDAC were also summarised. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched between 1998 and 2018. Studies investigating IHC biomarkers and prognosis in PDAC were included. REMARK score and Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used for qualitative analysis. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to pool results, where possible. Twenty‐six articles studied immune cell infiltration IHC biomarkers and PDAC prognosis. Meta‐analysis found high infiltration with CD4 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–0.83.) and CD8 (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55–0.84.) T‐lymphocytes associated with better disease‐free survival. Reduced overall survival was associated with high CD163 (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.03–2.56). Infiltration of CD3, CD20, FoxP3 and CD68 cells, and PD‐L1 expression was not prognostic. In total, 708 prognostic biomarkers were identified in 1101 studies. In summary, high CD4 and CD8 infiltration are associated with better disease‐free survival in PDAC. Increased CD163 is adversely prognostic. Despite the publication of 708 IHC prognostic biomarkers in PDAC, none has been validated for clinical use. Further research should focus on reproducibility of prognostic biomarkers in PDAC in order to achieve this.
Varying Efficacies of Fenton's Oxidation Treatment on Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents of Contrasting Viscosity Profiles
Authors: Lalwani Jitesh , Thatikonda Shashidhar , Challapalli Subrahmanyam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the applicability of Fenton's oxidation for the treatment of a highly refractory, viscous, bulk drug industry effluent. The effluent is found to behave as a Newtonian fluid, thrice as viscous as water. Fenton's oxidation experiments on the undiluted effluent are conducted in accordance with central composite design (CCD), considering the operating factors of pH (3–11), FeSO4 dosage (3–15 g L−1), H2O2 dosage (7–19 mL L−1), and treatment time (30–150 min). The treatment yielded a maximum total organic carbon (TOC) reduction of 28% at neutral pH, FeSO4, and H2O2 dosages of 9 g L−1 and 13 mL L−1, respectively, for 150 min of operation. The maximal treatment efficacy observed at neutral pH is explained by the non‐radical mechanism of Fenton's oxidation, and further correlated with viscosity and type of fluid (here, Newtonian), as judged from the generated viscosity profiles. Upon comparison with previous effluent samplings, differing treatment efficacies are observed for different fluid types, that is, Newtonian and non‐Newtonian (shear thinning), with the latter obtaining twice the TOC reduction, under similar experimental conditions. Hence, the effect of viscosity and fluid type on the effectiveness of Fenton's oxidation treatment is experimentally validated and discussed.
Weighted ensemble networks formultiviewbased tiny object quality assessment
Authors: Zhou Yichao , Wu Wanyin , Zou Jie , Qiao Jianwang , Cheng Jun 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAs demand for intelligent manufacturing continues to grow, tiny object quality assessment (TOQA) is becoming increasingly importance in industrial automation. Recently, visual‐based TOQA has attracted an increasing attention, since the physical appearance is the foremost assessment index for evaluating the tiny object quality. It is exhausted and challenging to determine the quality of tiny object by manual visual inspection, and thus some machine vision systems are developed for automatic TOQA. Existing systems often use a limited number of cameras to capture the image of fallen tiny object, and thus may be not reliable since the tiny object may be unsound (such as cracked or damaged) in an invisible side. In this article, we develop a novel system for automatic TOQA that captures images of tiny object from multiple (more than two) view points, and propose a novel method termed weighted ensemble network (WENet) to effectively integrate the information of different views. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are adopted to extract features from the images of different views. Then the multiview features are weighted combined for tiny object quality prediction. Traditional ensemble approaches usually directly applying average or voting to the prediction results of different views, or learn fixed weights to combine the results. Different from these approaches, the weights are adaptively determined in our method according to the quality of the captured image, since the features extracted from a low‐quality (e.g., blurred) image should contribute less to the final prediction. Handcrafted features and deep features are integrated in a sophisticated way in our method, and we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on grain quality assessment by investigating different CNN architectures for feature extraction and comparing with the conventional ensemble approaches.
Blind separation of noncooperative paired carrier multiple access signals based on improved quantum‐inspired evolutionary algorithm and receding horizon optimization
Authors: Deng Qi , Zhang Shanshan , Chen Gang , Lu Huaxiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe single‐channel blind source separation of paired carrier multiple access (PCMA) signal is a key technology in satellite communications. Due to the high‐order complexity of existing separation methods and the uncertainty of channel parameters, the processing of noncooperative PCMA signals with long memory remains a great challenge. In this article, the blind separation was solved as the joint channel estimation and sequence detection, and a novel blind separation algorithm based on the improved quantum‐inspired evolutionary algorithm (IQEA) and receding horizon optimization was proposed. Considering the practical scenarios, a mixed PCMA signal model with noninteger period sampling was presented in advance. Combined with the proposed signal model, the IQEA was applied to recover the uplink signals from the mixed PCMA signals by its iterative estimation. Meanwhile, to reduce the computational complexity caused by long memory of PCMA signals, the receding horizon optimization was introduced to process the whole signal sequence as a dynamic programming problem. The simulation results verified that the proposed RH‐IQEA outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art separation algorithms in the blind separation of noncooperative PCMA signals, with higher accuracy, lower‐order complexity and stronger robustness to parameter estimation errors.
The Cytotoxic Effect of α‐Synuclein Aggregates
Authors: Melo Francisco , Caballero Leonardo , Zamorano Esteban , Ventura Natalia , Navarro Camilo , Doll Irving , Zamorano Pedro , Cornejo Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving a functional protein, α‐synuclein, whose primary function is related to vesicle trafficking. However, α‐synuclein is prone to form aggregates, and these inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, are the hallmark of Parkinson's disease. α‐synuclein can alter its conformation and acquire aggregating capacity, forming aggregates containing β‐sheets. This protein's pathogenic importance is based on its ability to form oligomers that impair synaptic transmission and neuronal function by increasing membrane permeability and altering homeostasis, generating a deleterious effect over cells. First, we establish that oligomers interfere with the mechanical properties of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) membrane, as demonstrated by nanoindentation curves. In contrast, nanoindentation revealed that the α‐synuclein monomer's presence leads to a much more resistant lipid bilayer. Moreover, the oligomers’ interaction with cell membranes can promote lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, suggesting the activation of cytotoxic events.
Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease are related to dementia risk in APOE ɛ4 negatives
Authors: Najar Jenna , van der Lee Sven J. , Joas Erik , Wetterberg Hanna , Hardy John , Guerreiro Rita , Bras Jose , Waern Margda , Kern Silke , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Skoog Ingmar , Zettergren Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies examining the effect of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on incident dementia in very old individuals are lacking.MethodsA population‐based sample of 2052 individuals ages 70 to 111, from Sweden, was followed in relation to dementia. AD‐PRSs including 39, 57, 1333, and 13,942 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used.ResultsAD‐PRSs (including 39 or 57 SNPs) were associated with dementia (57‐SNPs AD‐PRS: hazard ratio 1.09, confidence interval 1.01–1.19,P = .03), particularly inAPOEɛ4 non‐carriers (57‐SNPs AD‐PRS: 1.15, 1.05–1.27,P = 4 × 10–3, 39‐SNPs AD‐PRS: 1.22, 1.10–1.35,P = 2 × 10–4). No association was found with the other AD‐PRSs. Further,APOEɛ4 was associated with increased risk of dementia (1.60, 1.35–1.92,P = 1 × 10–7). In those aged ≥95 years, the results were similar for the AD‐PRSs, whileAPOEɛ4 only predicted dementia in the low‐risk tertile of AD‐PRSs.DiscussionThese results provide information to identify individuals at increased risk of dementia.