bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of biological wastewater treatment for various industries
Authors: Alena Basamykina , Ekaterina Kurkina , Maria Kameristaya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biological treatment methods are used to remove organic and some inorganic substances from wastewater using the simplest organisms that use these substances for nutrition, breaking them down using cellular processes. The article deals with the aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic stages of biological wastewater treatment. Their differences are explained and the best way to use biological processes is analyzed according to the type of industry/production. At wastewater treatment plants, anaerobic treatment is often used at first to remove a significant part of organic substances from wastewater before sending them for further aerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is effective for various types of wastewater, especially with lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A comparative analysis of wastewater composition from food, oil and gas processing, pharmaceutical and pulp and paper industries was carried out. In the presence of organic compounds, the technology is chosen depending on the total organic matter content or the total COD content, which characterizes the total organic matter in water. A combination of anaerobic and aerobic methods is possible, if a discharge into the sewer system or into water bodies is required. The grounds for the application of biological wastewater treatment of these industries are given.
Influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the state of pathogenic and persistent factors of the joints of enteromicrobiocenosis of broiler chickens
Authors: Svetlana Lysko , Pleshakova Valentina , Lescheva Nadegda , Zadorozhnaya Marina , Lorengel Tatyana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current development stage of the poultry industry is characterized by a rapid consolidation of the role of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. It was found that some phytopreparations have a diverse impact on the persistent characteristics of microorganisms. This work aims to study the influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the manifestation of pathogenic (hemolytic, adhesive, proteolytic, catalase activities) and persistent (antilysozyme, anti-complementary activities) characteristics of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens. Studied were microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from samples of broiler chicken droppings. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” was prophylactically added to the diet of chickens. As a control, considered were cultures of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens, who did not receive the preparation in the diet. It was established that 37.5% of E. coli cultures isolated from droppings of the control broiler group exhibit hemolytic activity, while E. coli isolates from the experimental group did not have this activity. The percentage of isolated cultures of microorganisms that showed adhesive, proteolytic and catalase activity was lower for broiler chickens of the experimental group compared to the control one. This tendency was observed when studying persistent factors, in particular, antilysozyme and anti-complementary characteristics. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” can be applied not only to increase the general resistance of the poultry body but also to target the main types of microbiocenosis joints, reducing their pathogenic and persistent potential.
The quality of quail meat upon crossbreeding
Authors: Andrey Dymkov 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The growing consumer demand for safe food offers great prospects for the production of quail meat. The progress in poultry farming is based on the use of hybrid breeds. This study was carried out at the Siberian Research Institute of Poultry (Omsk Region). Studied were the productivity and quality of quail meat of Japanese and Pharaoh breeds and their hybrid combinations (?Japanese×?Pharaoh and ?Pharaoh×?Japanese). Hybrid combinations had lower body weight than the Pharaoh breed (by 7.78-16.30%, p<0.05), but larger body weight than the Japanese breed (by 11.33-22.66%, p<0.05). The discrepancies in body weights are due to the weight of the pectorals, the share of which is 19.43-21.63% for males and 18.34-19.45% for females. The superficial pectoral muscle accounts for the bulk of the weight of the pectoral muscles (74.09-78.22%). The deep pectoral muscle accounts for 21.78-25.91%. The area of muscle fibers of the superficial pectoral muscle is 226-299 μm2, the area of deep pectoral muscle is 409-443 μm2. For hybrid combinations, the area of fibers of the superficial and deep pectorals depends on the male breed. The protein content in the pectoral muscles of the Pharaoh breed was higher than that of the Japanese by 1.01-1.02 g, but the fat content was lower by 0.24-0.96 g. In hybrids, the paternal form has an impact on the protein content in the pectoral muscles, and the maternal form has an impact on fat content.
Mixed pine and spruce stands in the Luga-Volkhov and Valdai-Tikhvin landscape districts of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Danilov D.A. , Yakovlev A.A. , Bogdanova L. S. , Boitsov A.K. , Suvorov S.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pine- and spruce-dominatedmixed stands occupy a substantial part of the forested area. Depending on soil and hydrological conditions of different landscapes, stands of different forest types and tree stand composition dominate. Modern forestry is focused on growing monodominant stands, but it is worth noting that mixed stands have higher productivity and stability. This work is devoted to identifying the patterns of distribution of mixed stands by forest type in different geographic landscapes. For the study, two landscape districts of the Leningrad Region (Valdaysko-Tikhvinsky and Luzhsko-Volkhovsky) with landscape mosaics of different structure were selected. The dominant forest types and types of mixed forest stands were determined by summing the areas of each plant association. To carry out the calculations, data of the state forest inventory of the Leningrad Region were used. In the course of this study, it was found that blueberry forest type was the most common forest type in mixed stands. Most of the landscapes of the study region were dominated by spruce-deciduous stands, but in some landscapes with hilly relief, a predominance of spruce-pine stands was observed.
DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE NEW WORLD OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS
Authors: Sergeevna Kolmykova Tatiana , Petrovna Kazarenkova Natalya , Aleksandrovna Merzlyakova Ekaterina , Valeryevich Aseev Oleg , Petrovich Kovalev Petr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The global process of digital transformation of the economic space currently involves all industries. The introduction of digital technologies and platform solutions into the activities of enterprises in the agricultural sector is a strategically important task to ensure the country’s food security, the solution of which is being carried out within the framework of the national project “Digital Agriculture.” The relevance and the need for digital transformation of agriculture and the food industry are due to the new capabilities of managing agro-industrial complexes, as well as the modern conditions for the formation and realization of their development potential. The research focuses on instruments of digitalization of agriculture as a way of innovative optimization of its development. The efficiency of introducing digital innovations and information technologies into agriculture is based on improving the efficiency of production processes, organizing and managing an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the elimination of targeted conflicts, while achieving a balance of productivity and environmental friendliness of technological processes. This approach to the digital transformation of the agricultural sector will contribute to the qualitative restructuring of all production and organizational processes, which will ultimately create the prerequisites for increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of agriculture as a whole.
Dynamics of an apple tree yield after rejuvenation pruning
Authors: Gurin Aleksandr , Rezvyakova Svetlana , Revin Nikolay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The studies were carried out in the apple orchard planted in 1987. The layout of trees was 7x5 m, the stock was vigorous (seedlings of cultivated varieties). In the first experiment, the influence of the crown cut on fruit yield was studied. The object of research was an apple tree of the Sinap Orlovsky variety. The following options were considered: 1. Without reduction in the crown height (control); 2. Cutting the tree height to 5.0-5.5 m; 3. Cutting the tree height to 4.0-4.5 m; 4. Cutting the tree height to 3.0-3.5 m. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2015. In the second experiment, perennial wood was removed and the yield was compared. The object of the study was an apple tree of the Antonovka Ordinary variety. The following options were considered: 1. Sanitary pruning (control); 2. Pruning for 3-4 year old wood; 3. Pruning for 5-6 year old wood; 4. Pruning for 7-8 year old wood. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2016. The experiments were repeated 4 times, each option used 6 trees, the placement of the plots was randomized. In the first experiment, on the sixth year, the highest yield (15.8 t/ha) was observed for the option with a crown cut to 4.0-4.5 m. This option also showed the highest total yield for 6 years (55.1 t/ha). In the second experiment for options with rejuvenation pruning, the total yield over 5 years exceeded the control option by 9.9-36.3%. The highest yield (52.2 t/ha) was obtained for the option with pruning for 5-6 year old wood.
TECHNOLOGY OF APPLE COMPOTE PRODUCTION FOR BABY FOOD WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Akhmedov M.E. , Demirova A.F. , Rakhmanova M.M. , Asimova F.S. , Hajibeyova I.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The most promising direction of improving food technologies for baby food is the use of new technical solutions that ensure maximum preservation of natural ingredients contained in the initial plant raw materials in the finished product. To do this, instead of the traditional process of blanching in water, microwave blanching is proposed directly in glass jars in microwave EMF (ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field) with a frequency of 2400 MHz for 1.5 minutes, after which syrup is poured at a temperature level of 980C, prepared with the addition of infusion extracted from secondary products, followed by sealing of cans and sterilization according to a new gentle sterilization regime with a preliminary increase in the temperature level of the semi-finished product by processing it in microwave EMF before sealing cans, for 1.5 min.
Experimental determination of physico-chemical and disperse characteristics and thermal parameters of sheep tail fat
Authors: Alexanyan I YU , Nugmanov A H-H , Titova L M , Aysungurov N D , Orobinskaya V N , Galdin E V 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article discusses the experimental determination of the level of salinity, melting temperature, dispersed composition of crushed sheep tail fat, its moisture content and analysis of the state of moisture in it, and presents the results of these studies. The information obtained is necessary because the approach recommended by the authors contributes to a longer storage of the final product. Systematization of the advantages and disadvantages of the known technologies of smoked sheep tail fat, will allow to compose a rational technological flow of the production of this product and also to determine the rational operating parameters of the implementation of its stages. The information presented in the article on the physicochemical and dispersed characteristics, as well as the thermophysical parameters of sheep tail fat is relevant. At present, researchers have increased their interest in extruded products with a developed structure, obtained on the basis of raw materials of animal origin, as a source of high-quality fats, as well as a basis for therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition products of various technological forms.
Fruiting estimation of the potentially invasive species Amorpha fruticosa L. in the south of the Russian Far East
Authors: Kolyada N.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the south of Russian Far East Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae Lindl.) is used as ornamental plant. It actively blooms and fruits here and successfully spreads by suckers, rarely by seeds. There are another ways of Amorpha fruticosa application in Primorsky Krai – as melliferous and technical plant for reclamation of disturbed lands and formation of protective field belts. These activities requires a great amount of quality seeds and, in turn, investigation of Amorpha fruticosa seed propagation. The study of the morphological characteristics of fruits from 12 different places in the Primorsky Krai showed that the linear characteristics of the fruits have minor differences but length of racemes and seed germination vary greatly. The longest racemes are detected in the city of Bolshoy Kamen (17.8 cm), the shortest ones – in Nekruglovo settlement (12.7 cm). The largest fruit number has racemes from Partizansk city (152). The weight of 100 fruits varies from 1.16 g (Kraskino settlement) to 0.94 g (city of Bolshoy Kamen). Highest germination capacity is observed in plants at Lake Soldatskoe (91%), the smallest in plants from Strugovka settlement and the city of Bolshoy Kamen (43%). Absence of germination of seeds from Vadimovka settlement is probably caused by pest – American seed beetle, Acanthoscelides pallidipennis.
Sturgeon breeding as the basis for forming a food base in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Volkova Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article provides an analysis of sturgeon breeding, as well as materials for assessing the reproductive indicators of the Siberian sturgeon breeding stock in the conditions of the Arctic zone. The experience gained as a result of the multi-year research allows us to consider sturgeons, in particular the Siberian sturgeon, to have great potential for use in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cultivation of this species in the Northern regions may have great prospects for the formation of a food base, since it has high fish-biological, physiological and reproductive indicators when using various aquaculture technologies. The best productive indicators were obtained when sturgeon was reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), however, the experience of using the cage method showed a good physiological state of the fish. All the studied methods can be applied for the development of aquaculture in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cage method can be recommended for reproduction purposes, while using RAS can be recommended for fish rearing for sale.
Improvement of clonal micropropagation technique of promising Lonicera caerulea L. cultivars
Authors: Orlova N D , Molkanova O I , Koroleva O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The work is focused on enhancement of in vitro propagation technique of valuable Lonicera caerulea L. cultivars. The impact of some nutrient medium components at main cultivation stages of the genus Lonicera L. representatives was studied. Some cultivars showed the positive effect of substituting sucrose for glucose in the medium at the multiplication stage (Diana (30 or 40 g L−1), Moskovskaya 23 (20 g L−1) and Yugana (40 g L−1)). When studying the influence of different auxin types on honeysuckle rhizogenesis, Solovey and Yugana preferred addition of 1.0 mg L−1 IBA into the medium. During the research of influence of different auxin concentrations on L. caerulea rooting the increased number of rooted microshoots of Goluboy Desert was demonstrated with the increasing of IAA concentration (from 0.5 to 3.0 mg L−1). Meanwhile, Diana and Yugana better rooted on the medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 IAA but Zolushka reached its highest rooting percentage on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 IAA. The assessment of second-year plants undergone the whole cycle of clonal micropropagation was carried out 85% of these plants began to bear fruits.
Low-frequency (105 Hz) shear modulus of nanosuspension
Authors: Badmaev B B , Dembelova T S , Makarova D N , Balzhinov S A , Vershinina E D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The low-frequency shear wave propagation in a suspension of silica nanoparticles in a polyethylsiloxane liquid was studied. The shear wave length was measured on ultrasonic interferometer, and it is equal to 55 μm. The value of the tangent of the mechanical losses angle is determined to be 0.18. These parameters were used to calculate the shear modulus of the investigated colloidal suspension; its value is 0.15‒105 Pa. The results obtained are in quite agreement with the data obtained by another way of the acoustic resonance method.
Determination of the complex dielectric permeability of liquid at the radiation frequency 32 GHz
Authors: Tsydypov B G , Bazarov A V , Basanov B V , Garmaev B Z , Yu Korovin E , Atutov E B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Method and device for measuring the complex dielectric constant of liquids are described. The real part of the complex dielectric constant calculated from the conditions for the maximum and minimum of the measured interference dependence of the reflection coefficient on the layer depth. The imaginary part determined by selection to the maximum coincidence of the calculated and measured dependences of the reflection coefficient.
Changes in the immitance spectra of the cement paste in the initial period of hardening
Authors: Zhuravlev V A , Ugodenko D O , Zhuravlev A V , Suslyaev V I , Prischepa I A , Sarkisov Yu S , Gorlenko N P , Kudyakov A I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes changes in the impedance and admittance spectra of the cement slurry during hardening. The spectra were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz on a precision RLC meter Agilent E4890A using a homemade capacitor measuring cell. The studies in order to establish the optimal equivalent electrical circuits describing the transformation of the electrophysical properties of the cement slurry and interface phenomena in the near-electrode layer of the measuring cell from the time of hardening were carried out. The sensitivity of the parameters of equivalent circuits to different stages of cement slurry hardening has been established.
Research on Low Frequency Sound Insulation Properties of Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Yin Xiaokai , Xu Yongchao , Cui Hongyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem of low-frequency noise control in ship cabins, a new membrane-type acoustic metamaterial (MAM) with bulges on the surface of thin films is designed based on the characteristics of lightweight and low-frequency sound insulation of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials. The sound structure coupling module of COMSOL multiphysical field coupling software is used to analyse the sound insulation performance of MAMs. The sound insulation properties of the additional mass film and self-similar fractal convex structure are further discussed. The metamaterial structure studied in this paper has a better sound insulation effect than ordinary film, which provides strong technical support for ship cabin noise control.
Promotion of angiogenesis toward transplanted ovaries using nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles in fibrin hydrogel
Authors: Yang Chungmo , Chung Nanum , Song Chaeyoung , Youm Hye Won , Lee Kangwon , Lee Jung Ryeol 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Transplantation of ovary is one method of facilitating fertility preservation to increase the quality of life of cancer survivors. Immediately after transplantation, ovaries are under ischemic conditions owing to a lack of vascular anastomosis between the graft and host tissues. The transplanted ovaries can suffer damage because of lack of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in necrosis and dysfunction. In the technique proposed in this paper, the ovary is encapsulated with nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-NPs) in fibrin hydrogels, which form a carrying matrix to prevent ischemic damage and accelerate angiogenesis. The low concentration of NO released from mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles elicits blood vessel formation, which allows transplanted ovaries in the subcutis to recover from the ischemic period. In experiments with mice, the NO-NPs/fibrin hydrogel improved the total number and quality of ovarian follicles after transplantation. The intra-ovarian vascular density was 4.78 folds higher for the NO-NPs/fibrin hydrogel groups compared to that for the nontreated groups. Finally, in vitro fertilization revealed a successful blastocyst formation rate for NO-NPs/fibrin hydrogel coated ovaries. Thus, NO-NPs/fibrin hydrogels can provide an appropriate milieu to promote angiogenesis and be considered as adjuvant surgery materials for fertility preservation.
Multilayer thin-film based nanophotonic windows: static versus electrotunable design
Authors: Chowdhary Ashish Kumar , Sikdar Debabrata 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To meet the global energy demand, rapid growth in fossil fuel consumption has significantly contributed to global warming. Judicious utilization of renewable energy resources could help to combat this global challenge. Here, we present a comparative study on the designs of static and electro-tunable ‘smart’ windows that could help to reduce the energy need of typical air-conditioning systems deployed in buildings and motor vehicles. Our design comprises insulator–metal–insulator multi-layered thin-films deposited over a silica glass substrate to filter visible and infrared solar radiation selectively. For static windows, we optimize our design to operate in diverse climatic conditions by choosing different combinations and thicknesses of metal and insulator layers. Whereas for electro-tunable windows, we use an electro–optic polymer as the insulator layers to dynamically control portions of transmitted solar radiation over a voltage range of −12 to +12 V. Through size-dependence analysis, we could safely assume that the performance of smart windows is less likely to degrade during experimental realization. Our designs are lithography-free, large-area compatible, polarization-independent, angle-insensitive, and robust to fabrication imperfections. The analytical results show a near-perfect match with the simulation findings. The theoretically calculated figure of merit indicates that our proposed smart windows can outperform industry-standard commercial windows.