bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational transmission of parental neuroticism to emotional problems in 8‐year‐old children: Genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Ask Helga , Eilertsen Espen M. , Gjerde Line C. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Gustavson Kristin , Havdahl Alexandra , Cheesman Rosa , McAdams Tom A. , Hettema John M. , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Torvik Fartein A. , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren of parents with high levels of neuroticism tend to have high neuroticism themselves as well as increased risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is not yet clear how much of this link is attributable to a potential effect of parent on child (e.g., via a socializing effect) versus to shared genetic risk. We aimed to determine whether there is an intergenerational association after accounting for genetic transmission and assortative mating.MethodsWe used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study including 11,088 sibling pairs in the parental generation, their partners (N = 22,176) and their offspring (N = 26,091). Exposures were maternal and paternal neuroticism (self‐reported), and the outcomes were neuroticism, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety in 8‐year‐old children (mother‐reported).ResultsAfter accounting for assortative mating in parents (phenotypic r = 0.26) and genetic transmission (explaining 0%–18% of the mother‐offspring correlations), potential maternal effects explained 80% (95% CI = 47–95) of the association with offspring neuroticism (mother‐child r = 0.31), 78% (95% CI = 66–89) of the association with offspring depressive symptoms (r = 0.31), and 98% (95% CI = 45–112) of the association with offspring anxiety symptoms (r = 0.16). Intergenerational transmission of genetic variants associated with paternal neuroticism accounted for ∼40% (CI = 22%–58%) of the father‐offspring correlations with neuroticism and symptoms of depression (r = 0.13 and 0.13, respectively) but none with offspring symptoms of anxiety (r = 0.05). The remaining father‐offspring correlations were explained by maternal influences through assortative mating.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with direct effects between maternal and offspring neuroticism and between maternal neuroticism and offspring symptoms of anxiety and depression. Further understanding of these intergenerational processes will require an adequate model of how these constructs (neuroticism, anxiety and depression) relate to each other within generations.
Measuring women's empowerment in developing countries: A systematic review
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Mengo Cecilia W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeasurement of women's empowerment has grown over the last few decades, but major challenges still exist for measuring progress in dimensions based on different situational and cultural contexts. This study used a systematic review method to identify quantitative literature related to measures of women's empowerment in developing countries. Features of 17 studies were summarized and compared applying bivariate and text analysis. The most applied dimensions of women's empowerment were household decision making, financial and economic decision making, freedom of movement, self‐esteem, and sexual and reproductive decision making. The results of the study contribute to expanding indicators of women's empowerment in developing countries.
Comparing reliability of ICD‐10‐based COVID‐19 comorbidity data to manual chart review, a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schaefer Joseph W. , Riley Joshua M. , Li Michael , Cheney‐Peters Dianna R. , Venkataraman Chantel M. , Li Chris J. , Smaltz Christa M. , Bradley Conor G. , Lee Crystal Y. , Fitzpatrick Danielle M. , Ney David B. , Zaret Dina S. , Chalikonda Divya M. , Mairose Joshua D. , Chauhan Kashyap , Szot Margaret V. , Jones Robert B. , Bashir‐Hamidu Rukaiya , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Kubey Alan A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInternational Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision codes (ICD‐10) are used to characterize cohort comorbidities. Recent literature does not demonstrate standardized extraction methods. Objective: Compare COVID‐19 cohort manual‐chart‐review and ICD‐10‐based comorbidity data; characterize the accuracy of different methods of extracting ICD‐10‐code‐based comorbidity, including the temporal accuracy with respect to critical time points such as day of admission. Design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Measurements: ICD‐10‐based‐data performance characteristics relative to manual‐chart‐review. Results: Discharge billing diagnoses had a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.85; comorbidity range: 0.35–0.96). The past medical history table had a sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69–0.76; range: 0.44–0.87). The active problem list had a sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.63–0.71; range: 0.47–0.71). On day of admission, the active problem list had a sensitivity of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.54–0.63; range: 0.30–0.68)and past medical history table had a sensitivity of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.43–0.53; range: 0.30–0.56). Conclusions and Relevance: ICD‐10‐based comorbidity data performance varies depending on comorbidity, data source, and time of retrieval; there are notable opportunities for improvement. Future researchers should clearly outline comorbidity data source and validate against manual‐chart‐review.
Vertical variation of tropical cyclone size in the western North Pacific
Authors: Yang Nan , Li Yubin , Chan Johnny C. L. , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Ye Lei , Wu Yujie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, this paper examines the vertical variation of tropical cyclone (TC) size in the western North Pacific during 1998–2018. The TC size is defined as the distance from the TC centre to the radius at which the azimuthally averaged relative vorticity decreases to 1 × 10−5 s−1 (Rvor). It is found that TCs with similar sizes at the surface can be significantly different in size at higher levels. The Rvor at 10 m height (Rvor10) and that at 200 hPa (Rvor200) are related to TC intensity categories, and Rvor10 and that at 700 hPa (Rvor700) correlate linearly with the relative sea surface temperature (RSST) averaged within a 500‐km radius. Further, a positive correlation is found between the 500‐km radius averaged rain rate and Rvor200, while Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200 all decrease with an increasing vertical wind shear (VWS). The spatial distributions of Rvor10, Rvor700, Rvor200 and Vmax, RSST, and rain rate are all similar to one another, and the spatial correlation coefficient between any pair of variations is larger than 0.91, which is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The monthly variations of Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200 are generally larger in the months with strong TC activity (May–October) than in the other months, although a peak of Rvor10 during March has been identified for the more recent few TCs. No significant interannual trend is found during 1998–2018 for any of the three variables (Rvor10, Rvor700 and Rvor200). Statistically significant correlations between the ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) index and Rvor10 and Rvor200 are 0.54 and 0.47, respectively, while no statistically significant correlation is found between the ENSO index and Rvor700. The mechanisms that affect the TC size at different heights are complicated and will be explored in later studies.
Validation of the perioperative nutrition screen for prediction of postoperative outcomes
Authors: Williams David GA , Aronson Solomon , Murray Sutton , Fuller Matt , Villalta Elizabeth , Haines Krista L , Wischmeyer Paul E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative nutrition risk is often underrecognized and undertreated. The perioperative nutrition screen (PONS) was recently introduced as an efficient tool to rapidly screen for preoperative nutrition risk. The relationship between identification of “nutrition risk” via PONS and adverse postoperative outcomes remains undescribed.MethodsPreoperative nutrition risk was assessed via PONS from 01/01/2019 to 09/30/2020. Key clinical outcomes were compared with individual and composite PONS components.ResultsA total of 3151 patients with PONS evaluations were analyzed. Multivariate regression adjusted for key covariates demonstrated positive responses for specific PONS questions was associated with adverse clinical outcomes as follows. (1) Unplanned weight loss (>10% in 6‐months preoperatively) associated with a 22.4% increased length of stay (LOS) (P < 0.0001) and increased 30‐day readmission rate (odds ratio [OR], 2.44, 95% CI, 1.73–3.44, P < 0.001). (2) History of <50% of previous oral intake in past week associated with a 25% increased LOS (P < 0.001). (3) Preoperative serum albumin level <3.0 g/L associated with a 29.9% increased LOS (P < 0.001) and increased 30‐day readmission rate (OR, 2.66, 95% CI, 1.63–4.35, P < 0.001). (4) Low body mass index was not associated with increased LOS by adjusted analysis although was predictive by univariate analysis.ConclusionsThe PONS and its individual components appear to predict risk of adverse postoperative outcomes, even independent of a validated malnutrition diagnosis. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of specific preoperative nutrition interventions on adverse outcomes predicted by PONS when delivered to patients identified via PONS screen.
Do constraint negotiation and self‐construal affect solo travel intention? The case of Australia
Authors: Yang Elaine Chiao Ling , Lai Mun Yee , Nimri Rawan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrawing on an Australian sample (n = 944), this study used PLS‐SEM modeling approach to test the effect of motivations and constraints on solo travel intention by considering constraint negotiation. The study also examined the influence of self‐construal and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on solo travel intention. The findings identify self‐actualization, self‐construal, and PBC as key drivers of solo travel intention. While interpersonal constraints negatively affect solo travel intention, negotiating structural constraints is more crucial in enabling the intention. Recommendations informed by the findings are provided to the travel industry for it to harness the full potential of the solo travel market.
Binding of the kringle‐2 domain of human plasminogen to streptococcal PAM‐type M‐protein causes dissociation of PAM dimers
Authors: Ayinuola Olawole , Ayinuola Yetunde A. , Qiu Cunjia , Lee Shaun W. , Ploplis Victoria A. , Castellino Francis J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe direct binding of human plasminogen (hPg), via its kringle‐2 domain (K2hPg), to streptococcal M‐protein (PAM), largely contributes to the pathogenesis of Pattern D Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS). However, the mechanism of complex formation is unknown. In a system consisting of a Class II PAM from Pattern D GAS isolate NS88.2 (PAMNS88.2), with one K2hPg binding a‐repeat in its A‐domain, we employed biophysical techniques to analyze the mechanism of the K2hPg/PAMNS88.2 interaction. We show that apo‐PAMNS88.2 is a coiled‐coil homodimer (M.Wt. ~80 kDa) at 4°C–25°C, and is monomeric (M.Wt. ~40 kDa) at 37°C, demonstrating a temperature‐dependent dissociation of PAMNS88.2 over a narrow temperature range. PAMNS88.2 displayed a single tight binding site for K2hPg at 4°C, which progressively increased at 25°C through 37°C. We isolated the K2hPg/PAMNS88.2 complexes at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C and found molecular weights of ~50 kDa at each temperature, corresponding to a 1:1 (m:m) K2hPg/PAMNS88.2 monomer complex. hPg activation experiments by streptokinase demonstrated that the hPg/PAMNS88.2 monomer complexes are fully functional. The data show that PAM dimers dissociate into functional monomers at physiological temperatures or when presented with the active hPg module (K2hPg) showing that PAM is a functional monomer at 37°C.
Towards operational impact forecasting of building damage from winter windstorms in Switzerland
Authors: Röösli Thomas , Appenzeller Christof , Bresch David N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNational meteorological and hydrological services issue warnings for severe weather events, typically based on stakeholder‐agreed fixed thresholds of meteorological parameters such as wind speeds or precipitation amounts. Yet societal decisions on preventive actions depend on the expected impacts of the weather event. In order to better inform such preventive actions, meteorological services are currently working towards including expected impacts into their warnings. We develop an open‐source impact forecasting system for building damage due to winter windstorms in Switzerland. It combines a numerical ensemble weather prediction model with exposure and vulnerability data. This system forecasts expected building damage in Swiss Francs with a 2‐day lead time on a 500‐m grid or aggregated to administrative regions. We compare the forecasted building damage with insurance claims in the canton of Zurich. The uncertainty of the impact forecasts is large. For the majority of days with severe winter windstorm damage, the mean forecasted damage was in the right order of magnitude, with one missed event and one false alarm. For thunderstorms and foehn storms, the rate of missed events and false alarms is much higher, most likely related to the limited meteorological forecast skill. Such impact forecasts can inform decision makers on preventive actions, such as allocating emergency response and other assets. Additionally, impact forecasts could also help communicating the severity of the upcoming event to the general public as well as indirectly help meteorological forecasters with taking warning decisions.
Administration Time Significantly Affects Plasma Bioavailability of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Extract in Healthy and Obese Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Escobar‐Martínez Iván , Arreaza‐Gil Verónica , Muguerza Begoña , Arola‐Arnal Anna , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Torres‐Fuentes Cristina , Suárez Manuel 
Published: December 2021

ScopePhenolic compounds are bioactive molecules that are associated with several health benefits. Metabolization and absorption are the main determinants of their bioavailability and bioactivity. Thus, the study of the factors that modulate these processes, such as sex or diet is essential. Recently, it has been shown that biological rhythms may also play a key role. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate if the bioavailability of a grape proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is affected by the administration time in an animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods and ResultsFemale and male Fischer 344 rats are fed either a standard or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks, and an oral dose of GSPE (25 mg kg−1) is daily administered either at 8:00 am (zeitgeber time (ZT)‐0) or at 8:00 pm (ZT‐12) during the last 4 weeks. Plasma phenolic compounds are then quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Phase‐II and gut microbiota‐derived phenolic metabolites are affected by ZT in all conditions or only in obese rats, respectively. CAF feeding affected the bioavailability of phenolic acids and free flavan‐3‐ols. Differences due to sex are also observed.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that ZT, diet, and sex are key factors influencing phenolic compounds bioavailability.
Die Auflösung der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR
Authors: Kießling Renate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMit dem Fall der Mauer und dem Ende der DDR begann für deren wissenschaftliche Gesellschaften eine turbulente Zeit. Zum Jahreswechsel 1990/1991 löste sich die Chemische Gesellschaft der DDR auf – und die GDCh hatte mehrere Tausend Mitglieder mehr.
24. Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart
Authors: Richert Clemens 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNach pandemiebedingter Pause im Jahr 2020 fand Mitte Oktober 2021 wieder ein Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart (Tocus) statt. Das Programm umfasste zwölf Doktorandenvorträge und die 24. Thieme Lecture in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, die Thorsten Bach (Professor für Organische Chemie an der TU München) hielt. Die Veranstaltung war eine Leistungsschau der organischen Chemie aus dem Südwesten und Süden Deutschlands und eine der in diesem Jahr seltenen Möglichkeiten, in Präsenz zu diskutieren.
Antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine: Infection‐naïve individuals with abdominal obesity warrant attention
Authors: Malavazos Alexis Elias , Basilico Sara , Iacobellis Gianluca , Milani Valentina , Cardani Rosanna , Boniardi Federico , Dubini Carola , Prandoni Ilaria , Capitanio Gloria , Renna Laura Valentina , Boveri Sara , Rigolini Roberta , Carrara Matteo , Spuria Giovanni , Cuppone Teresa , D’acquisto Aurelia , Carpinelli Luca , Sacchi Marta , Morricone Lelio , Secchi Francesco , Costa Elena , Menicanti Lorenzo , Nisoli Enzo , Carruba Michele , Ambrogi Federico , Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe excess of visceral adipose tissue might hinder and delay immune response. How people with abdominal obesity (AO) will respond to mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 is yet to be established. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody responses were evaluated after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing the response of individuals with AO with the response of those without, and discerning between individuals with or without prior infection.MethodsImmunoglobulin G (IgG)‐neutralizing antibodies against the Trimeric complex (IgG‐TrimericS) were measured at four time points: at baseline, at day 21 after vaccine dose 1, and at 1 and 3 months after dose 2. Nucleocapsid antibodies were assessed to detect prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Waist circumference was measured to determine AO.ResultsBetween the first and third month after vaccine dose 2, the drop in IgG‐TrimericS levels was more remarkable in individuals with AO compared with those without AO (2.44‐fold [95% CI: 2.22‐2.63] vs. 1.82‐fold [95% CI: 1.69‐1.92], respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression confirmed this result after inclusion of assessed confounders (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe waning antibody levels in individuals with AO may further support recent recommendations to offer booster vaccines to adults with high‐risk medical conditions, including obesity, and particularly to those with a more prevalent AO phenotype.
UV assisted photo reactive polyether‐polyesteramide resin for future applications in 3D printing
Authors: Macías Steffi I. , Ruano Guillem , Borràs Núria , Alemán Carlos , Armelin Elaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmong additive manufacturing, photocuring 3D printing technologies are very relevant because of its high printing speed and high precision. However, the limited performance of photosensitive thermoset polymers is the bottleneck for the application of photocuring 3D printing in some fields, particularly in the biomedical sector. Thus, the development of biodegradable and biocompatible materials is highly desirable and of utmost importance. In this work, a biodegradable and non‐cytotoxic thermoset polymer for photocuring 3D printing is reported. It consists of an unsaturated polyesteramide bearing phenylalanine, 2‐butene‐1,4‐diol and fumarate building blocks, which is photocured under UV irradiation using a low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. The main characteristics of the new thermoset are: (1) very high volumetric and mechanical integrity stabilities, comparable to that of photocured epoxides; (2) very high degradation temperature; (3) very low water absorption capacity; (4) relatively fast enzymatic degradation, reaching 16.5% after 3 months; and (5) non‐cytotoxic response in presence of epithelial cells, even when soluble molecular fragments coming from biodegradation are considered. These properties favor the future utilization of the new polyether‐polyesteramide resin in the manufacturing of more sustainable products via 3D printing methods, such as stereolithography, that uses UV sources.
Unveiling Mechanism of Organic Photogenerator for Hydroxyl Radicals Generation by Molecular Modulation
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Rong Mengtao , Li Hao , Xu Tianren , Bu Yingcui , Chen Lei , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Zhi‐Peng , Zhu Xiaojiao , Lu Zhou , Zhou Hongping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with organic photosensitizers generally goes through the oxygen‐dependent process, generating singlet oxygen and/or superoxide anion. However, the generation of reactive oxygen species is often suppressed as a result of hypoxia, one of the common features in tumors, therefore limiting the effectiveness of the tumor treatments. Consequently, it is urgent and significant to develop an oxygen‐independent hydroxyl radical photogenerator and unveil the mechanism. In this work, a hydroxyl radical (·OH) photogenerator originating from the electron transfer process is engineered. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the optimized photosensitizer, WS2D, which contains a bithiophene unit, could both promote charge carrier generation and accelerate reaction efficiency, resulting in the efficient production of ·OH. In addition, WS2D nanoparticles are constructed to improve the polydispersity and stability in aqueous solution, which exhibit excellent biocompatibility and mitochondrial targeting. Bearing the above advantages, WS2D is employed in phototheranostics, which could release ·OH effectively and damage mitochondria precisely, achieving high PDT efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this work successfully provides valuable insights into the structural design of a hydroxyl radicals (·OH) photogenerator with great practical perspectives.
Supramolecular Polymer Network Membranes with Molecular‐Sieving Nanocavities for Efficient Pre‐Combustion CO2 Capture
Authors: Wu Ji , Chung Tai‐Shung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPre‐combustion membrane CO2 capture from syngas before utilizing the clean hydrogen fuel, demands very challenging membrane materials with simultaneous high thermal resistance, precise subnanometer size‐selectivity, and robust processability. Here, an unconventional yet ultra‐facile nanocomposite membrane design using 4‐sulfocalix[4]arene (SCA4) molecules, a highly interactive member of soluble organic macrocyclic cavitands (OMCs) with a precise ≈3.0Å open cavity, is reported, to effectively sieve CO2 (3.3Å) from H2 (2.89Å). By simply infiltrating dissolved SCA4 molecules into prefabricated polymer membranes, they form extensive 3D supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) with the polymer backbones through multi‐site ionic interactions. Bearing distinctly molecular‐sieving nanocavities, these otherwise amorphous SPN membranes deliver drastically enhanced mixed‐gas H2/CO2 separation under an industrial high‐temperature‐and‐pressure environment with 4.35 times higher selectivity being achieved, allowing them to well outperform most existing polymer‐based materials and even rival many state‐of‐the‐art but delicate inorganic and framework‐based membranes. They also demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties and long‐term operation stability. Most attractively, the SPN membranes obtain a molecularly homogeneous, single‐phase composite structure that can significantly surpass conventional phase‐segregated mixed‐matrix membranes in processability. Accompanied by the widely tunable OMC structures, this work can provide a versatile toolbox for designing advanced molecular‐sieving membranes with an optimal balance of performance, robust properties, and scalability.