bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The disappearing body: anorexia as a conflict of embodiment
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnorexia nervosa is often regarded primarily as a disorder of the body image, with affected individuals submitting themselves to the dictate of a predominant model of slenderness. However, even though this frequently functions as a gateway to the disorder, the paper intends to show that the actual conflict in anorexia consists in a fundamental alienation of the self from the body. In order to analyze this alienation from a phenomenological point of view, the paper introduces the polarity of lived body (body-as-subject) and physical body (body-as-object). It then explores the phenomenology of anorexia, drawing on characteristic self-reports as well as on the phenomenological, psychoanalytic and cultural science literature. The anorexic conflict of embodiment arises in adolescence, where the body becomes an object of the other’s gaze in a special way. Starting with an attempt to comply with the ideal body image, the anorexic patient increasingly fights against her dependency on her body and its uncontrollable nature, above all its hunger and femininity. To be in total control of her body and to gain independence from it, becomes the source of a narcissistic triumph. Thus, in striving for autonomy and perfection, the anorexic patient alienates herself from her embodiment. This results in a radical dualism of ‘mind’ and ‘body’: pursuing the ideal of an asexual, angelic, even disappearing body. Anorexia is thus conceived as a fundamental conflict of embodiment.
Experts’ preferences for sarcopenia outcomes: a discrete-choice experiment from a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) in collaboration with the European Union of Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS)
Authors:   ESCEO Working Group on Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia Interest Group of the EUGMS, Beaudart Charlotte , Bauer Jürgen M. , Landi Francesco , Bruyère Olivier , Reginster Jean-Yves , Hiligsmann Mickael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
To assess experts’ preference for sarcopenia outcomes.

Methods
A discrete-choice experiment was conducted among 37 experts (medical doctors and researchers) from different countries around the world. In the survey, they were repetitively asked to choose which one of two hypothetical patients suffering from sarcopenia deserves the most a treatment. The two hypothetical patients differed in five pre-selected sarcopenia outcomes: quality of life, mobility, domestic activities, fatigue and falls. A mixed logit panel model was used to estimate the relative importance of each attribute.

Results
All sarcopenia outcomes were shown to be significant, and thus, important for experts. Overall, the most important sarcopenia outcome was falls (27%) followed by domestic activities and mobility (24%), quality of life (15%) and fatigue (10%).

Discussion and conclusion
Compared to patient’s preferences, experts considered falls as a more important outcome of sarcopenia, while the outcomes fatigue and difficulties in domestic activities were considered as less important.
Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Non‐Migrating Diurnal Tide From WACCM6 Simulations During 1850–2014
Authors: Ramesh K. , Smith Anne K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study reports the long‐term variability and tendencies in important non‐migrating (DE3, DW2, DW3) and stationary (DS0) diurnal tides using a three‐member ensemble of historical simulations of National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model latest version 6 for 1850–2014 (165 years). The climatological features of the tide in temperature (T), zonal wind (U) and meridional wind (V) are presented for equinoxes/solstices and winter/summer. The response due to solar cycle (SC), quasi biennial oscillation at 10 hPa and 30 hPa, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ozone depleting substances (ODS), carbon dioxide (CO2), and stratospheric sulfate aerosol (volcanic eruptions) to change in tidal amplitudes with respect to 1850–1860 are analyzed using multiple linear regression. The annual mean amplitudes increase in the upper mesosphere and lowermost thermosphere (0.0001–0.01 hPa) in the three components predominantly due to increasing CO2 and the ODSs play secondary role. However, the increasing trends are not pronounced until 1950 in the case of DE3 and DW3 amplitudes. The contribution due to ENSO shows decreasing trend in DE3, DW2, and DW3 while it causes increasing trends for DS0. Furthermore, the seasonal and latitude‐pressure variations of the tidal responses to the above seven indices are presented in T and V. All the responses, except for the solar signal, are significant mostly in the upper mesosphere and lowermost thermosphere typically at equatorial/low latitudes.
Surgical procedures suppress autophagic flux in the kidney
Authors: Brown Carolyn N. , Atwood Daniel , Pokhrel Deepak , Holditch Sara J. , Altmann Christopher , Skrypnyk Nataliya I. , Bourne Jennifer , Klawitter Jelena , Blaine Judith , Faubel Sarah , Thorburn Andrew , Edelstein Charles L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany surgical models are used to study kidney and other diseases in mice, yet the effects of the surgical procedure itself on the kidney and other tissues have not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that both sham surgery and unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), which is used as a model of renal compensatory hypertrophy, in mice resulted in increased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) in the remaining kidney. mTORC1 is known to regulate lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Genes associated with lysosomal biogenesis and function were decreased in sham surgery and UNX kidneys. In both sham surgery and UNX, there was suppressed autophagic flux in the kidney as indicated by the lack of an increase in LC3-II or autophagosomes seen on immunoblot, IF and EM after bafilomycin A1 administration and a concomitant increase in p62, a marker of autophagic cargo. There was a massive increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are known to activate ERK1/2, in the serum after sham surgery and UNX. There was a large increase in ERK1/2 in sham surgery and UNX kidneys, which was blocked by the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. Trametinib also resulted in a significant decrease in p62. In summary, there was an intense systemic inflammatory response, an ERK-mediated increase in p62 and suppressed autophagic flux in the kidney after sham surgery and UNX. It is important that researchers are aware that changes in systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, ERK1/2 and autophagy can be caused by sham surgery as well as the kidney injury/disease itself.
Dual anisotropicity comprising 3D printed structures and magnetic nanoparticle assemblies: towards the promotion of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Hu Ke , Yu Tingting , Tang Shijia , Xu Xueqin , Guo Zhaobin , Qian Jun , Cheng Yi , Zhao Yinyi , Yan Sen , Zhang Huijie , Wan Mengqi , Du Chunyue , Feng Yiwei , Liu Qi , Gu Zhuxiao , Chen Bo , Zhang Feimin , Gu Ning 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeveraging physical factors in cellular microenvironments to promote adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) osteogenic differentiation has emerged as a new strategy in the development of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Anisotropicity is one of those factors of interest; however, the utilization of anisotropicity to promote ADSC osteogenic differentiation is still not efficient. In this study, we designed a substrate with a dual anisotropic structure fabricated via a combination of 3D printing and magnetic field-induced magnetic nanoparticle assembly techniques. These dual anisotropic structures have a scale hierarchy, and the scale of the magnetic nanoparticle assemblies matches that of a single ADSC. This is in contrast to conventional anisotropic osteogenic induction scaffolds that have anisotropic structures at only one scale and at an order of magnitude different from single ADSCs. ADSCs cultured on substrates with such structures have significantly higher osteogenic marker expression, e.g., ALP, at both the protein and mRNA levels, and more calcium nodule formation was also found, suggesting a stronger tendency toward osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. RNA-seq data revealed that alterations in kinase signaling pathway transduction, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal reconstruction may account for the elevated osteogenic induction capacity. These data support our hypothesis that such a structure could maximize the anisotropicity that ADSCs can sense and therefore promote ADSC osteogenic differentiation.
Mixing indistinguishable systems leads to a quantum Gibbs paradox
Authors: Yadin Benjamin , Morris Benjamin , Adesso Gerardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe classical Gibbs paradox concerns the entropy change upon mixing two gases. Whether an observer assigns an entropy increase to the process depends on their ability to distinguish the gases. A resolution is that an “ignorant” observer, who cannot distinguish the gases, has no way of extracting work by mixing them. Moving the thought experiment into the quantum realm, we reveal new and surprising behaviour: the ignorant observer can extract work from mixing different gases, even if the gases cannot be directly distinguished. Moreover, in the macroscopic limit, the quantum case diverges from the classical ideal gas: as much work can be extracted as if the gases were fully distinguishable. We show that the ignorant observer assigns more microstates to the system than found by naive counting in semiclassical statistical mechanics. This demonstrates the importance of accounting for the level of knowledge of an observer, and its implications for genuinely quantum modifications to thermodynamics.
Persistence of viral RNA in lymph nodes in ART-suppressed SIV/SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Cadena Anthony M. , Ventura John D. , Abbink Peter , Borducchi Erica N. , Tuyishime Hubert , Mercado Noe B. , Walker-Sperling Victoria , Siamatu Mazuba , Liu Po-Ting , Chandrashekar Abishek , Nkolola Joseph P. , McMahan Katherine , Kordana Nicole , Hamza Venous , Bondzie Esther A. , Fray Emily , Kumar Mithra , Fischinger Stephanie , Shin Sally A. , Lewis Mark G. , Siliciano Robert F. , Alter Galit , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe establishment of a long-lived viral reservoir is the key obstacle for achieving an HIV-1 cure. However, the anatomic, virologic, and immunologic features of the viral reservoir in tissues during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive necroscopic analysis of the SIV/SHIV viral reservoir in multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues from SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques suppressed with ART for one year. Viral DNA is observed broadly in multiple tissues and is comparable in animals that had initiated ART at week 1 or week 52 of infection. In contrast, viral RNA is restricted primarily to lymph nodes. Ongoing viral RNA transcription is not the result of unsuppressed viral replication, as single-genome amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis do not show evidence of viral evolution. Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses are predominantly observed in secondary lymphoid organs in animals chronically infected prior to ART and these responses are dominated by CD69+ populations. Overall, we observe that the viral reservoir in rhesus macaques is widely distributed across multiple tissue sites and that lymphoid tissues act as a site of persistent viral RNA transcription under conditions of long-term ART suppression.
Identification of CD318, TSPAN8 and CD66c as target candidates for CAR T cell based immunotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Schäfer Daniel , Tomiuk Stefan , Küster Laura N. , Rawashdeh Wa’el Al , Henze Janina , Tischler-Höhle German , Agorku David J. , Brauner Janina , Linnartz Cathrin , Lock Dominik , Kaiser Andrew , Herbel Christoph , Eckardt Dominik , Lamorte Melina , Lenhard Dorothee , Schüler Julia , Ströbel Philipp , Missbach-Guentner Jeannine , Pinkert-Leetsch Diana , Alves Frauke , Bosio Andreas , Hardt Olaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA major roadblock prohibiting effective cellular immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the lack of suitable tumor-specific antigens. To address this challenge, here we combine flow cytometry screenings, bioinformatic expression analyses and a cyclic immunofluorescence platform. We identify CLA, CD66c, CD318 and TSPAN8 as target candidates among 371 antigens and generate 32 CARs specific for these molecules. CAR T cell activity is evaluated in vitro based on target cell lysis, T cell activation and cytokine release. Promising constructs are evaluated in vivo. CAR T cells specific for CD66c, CD318 and TSPAN8 demonstrate efficacies ranging from stabilized disease to complete tumor eradication with CD318 followed by TSPAN8 being the most promising candidates for clinical translation based on functionality and predicted safety profiles. This study reveals potential target candidates for CAR T cell based immunotherapy of PDAC together with a functional set of CAR constructs specific for these molecules.
Endogenous aldehyde accumulation generates genotoxicity and exhaled biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Antonowicz Stefan , Bodai Zsolt , Wiggins Tom , Markar Sheraz R. , Boshier Piers R. , Goh Yan Mei , Adam Mina E. , Lu Haonan , Kudo Hiromi , Rosini Francesca , Goldin Robert , Moralli Daniela , Green Catherine M. , Peters Chris J. , Habib Nagy , Gabra Hani , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Takats Zoltan , Hanna George B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVolatile aldehydes are enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients’ breath and could improve early diagnosis, however the mechanisms of their production are unknown. Here, we show that weak aldehyde detoxification characterizes EAC, which is sufficient to cause endogenous aldehyde accumulation in vitro. Two aldehyde groups are significantly enriched in EAC biopsies and adjacent tissue: (i) short-chain alkanals, and (ii) medium-chain alkanals, including decanal. The short-chain alkanals form DNA-adducts, which demonstrates genotoxicity and confirms inadequate detoxification. Metformin, a putative aldehyde scavenger, reduces this toxicity. Tissue and breath concentrations of the medium-chain alkanal decanal are correlated, and increased decanal is linked to reduced ALDH3A2 expression, TP53 deletion, and adverse clinical features. Thus, we present a model for increased exhaled aldehydes based on endogenous accumulation from reduced detoxification, which also causes therapeutically actionable genotoxicity. These results support EAC early diagnosis trials using exhaled aldehyde analysis.
The impact of mammographic screening on the subsequent breast cancer risk associated with biopsy-proven benign breast disease
Authors: Beca Francisco , Oh Hannah , Collins Laura C. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Schnitt Stuart J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData on the risk of breast cancer following a benign breast disease (BBD) diagnosis were derived predominantly from populations of women biopsied before the widespread use of mammographic screening and in whom these lesions were mostly incidental findings. Whether or not similar risk associations are seen when these lesions are detected in mammographically screened populations is unknown. To address this, we examined the variation in BBD and breast cancer risk associations by the calendar time of BBD diagnosis (pre- vs. post-mammography era [before vs. 1985 and after]) in a nested case–control study within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII BBD subcohort (488 cases; 1908 controls). We performed logistic regression analysis, adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders, to estimate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BBD subtype (non-proliferative, proliferative without atypia, proliferative with atypical hyperplasia (AH)) and subsequent breast cancer risk. When compared with non-proliferative lesions, both proliferative lesions without atypia (PWA) and AHs were associated with similar levels of risk in the pre-mammographic (pre) and post-mammographic (post) time periods (PWA: OR [95% CI] = 1.73 [1.27, 2.36] pre vs. 1.12 [0.73, 1.74] post; AH: 4.41 [2.90, 6.70] pre vs. 3.69 [2.21, 6.15] post). The interaction by mammography era was not statistically significant (p-interaction = 0.47). These results suggest that the risk associations reported for BBD subtypes in the pre-mammography era remain valid for BBD detected after the widespread implementation of mammographic screening.
Water quality measurements in Buzzards Bay by the Buzzards Bay Coalition Baywatchers Program from 1992 to 2018
Authors: Jakuba Rachel W. , Williams Tony , Neill Christopher , Costa Joseph E. , McHorney Richard , Scott Lindsay , Howes Brian L. , Ducklow Hugh , Erickson Matthew , Rasmussen Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program (Baywatchers) collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2018. Baywatchers documents nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality.
Variants in NEB and RIF1 genes on chr2q23 are associated with skeletal muscle index in Koreans: genome-wide association study
Authors: Yoon Kyung Jae , Yi Youbin , Do Jong Geol , Kim Hyung-Lae , Lee Yong-Taek , Kim Han-Na 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in metabolism and influences aging and chronic diseases, little is known about the genetic variations with skeletal muscle, especially in the Asian population. We performed a genome-wide association study in 2,046 participants drawn from a population-based study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated based on appendicular lean soft tissue measured with a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer and divided by height squared to derive the skeletal muscle index (SMI). After conducting quality control and imputing the genotypes, we analyzed 6,391,983 autosomal SNPs. A genome-wide significant association was found for the intronic variant rs138684936 in the NEB and RIF1 genes (β = 0.217, p = 6.83 × 10–9). These two genes are next to each other and are partially overlapped on chr2q23. We conducted extensive functional annotations to gain insight into the directional biological implication of significant genetic variants. A gene-based analysis identified the significant TNFSF9 gene and confirmed the suggestive association of the NEB gene. Pathway analyses showed the significant association of regulation of multicellular organism growth gene-set and the suggestive associations of pathways related to skeletal system development or skeleton morphogenesis with SMI. In conclusion, we identified a new genetic locus on chromosome 2 for SMI with genome-wide significance. These results enhance the biological understanding of skeletal muscle mass and provide specific leads for functional experiments.
Distraction of attention by novel sounds in children declines fast
Authors: Wetzel Nicole , Widmann Andreas , Scharf Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew task-irrelevant sounds can distract attention. This study specifies the impact of stimulus novelty and of learning on attention control in three groups of children aged 6–7, 8, and 9–10 years and an adult control group. Participants (N = 179) were instructed to ignore a sound sequence including standard sounds and novel or repeated distractor sounds, while performing a visual categorization task. Distractor sounds impaired performance in children more than in adult controls, demonstrating the long-term development of attention control. Children, but not adults, were more distracted by novel than by repeated sounds, indicating increased sensitivity to novel information. Children, in particular younger children, were highly distracted during the first presentations of novel sounds compared to adults, while no age differences were observed for the last presentations. Results highlight the age-related impact of auditory novel information on attention and characterize the rapid development of attention control mechanisms as a function of age and exposure to irrelevant novel sounds.
Application of novel nanomagnetic metal–organic frameworks as a catalyst for the synthesis of new pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric based oxidation
Authors: Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Babaee Saeed , Rostamnia Sadegh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, a new magnetic metal–organic frameworks based on Fe3O4(NMMOFs) with porous and high surface area materials were synthesized. Then, NMMOFs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), TG, DTG, VSM, and N2adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). Fe3O4@Co(BDC)-NH2as a magnetic porous catalyst was applied for synthesis of novel fused pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines with pyrazole and pyrimidine moieties as suitable drug candidates under ultrasonic irradiation. The significant advantages of the presented methodology are mild, facile workup, high yields, short reaction times, high thermal stability, and reusability of the described NMMOFs catalyst.