bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extent of formal tobacco cessation training received by student health professionals and the prevalence of tobacco use among them: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Kumar Raj , Undela Krishna , Biligere Siddaiah Jayaraj , Mahesh Padukudru Anand 
Published: September 2021

Background: Advice from health care professionals (HCPs) is critical for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. The academic curricula for health care professional students (HCS) lack comprehensive training in assisting patients in tobacco cessation. Tobacco use among HCP’s deters them from giving proper tobacco prevention and cessation guidance. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption in third-year students of four health care disciplines (medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing) and to assess their undergraduate education on tobacco control and cessation. Methods: A web-based survey (response rate 84.4%) employing the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire; n= 838; [20.89 (SD± 0.94) years] was conducted in Mysore, India. A descriptive, comparative and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The number of students who received formal training in smoking cessation approaches was only 14.04%. In total, two-thirds of medical students, compared to 38.9% of dental, 29.7% of pharmacy, and 11.40 % of nursing students, learned “the reasons why people smoke” as a part of their formal training. However, only less than a quarter of the study population were aware of the role of antidepressants in nicotine cessation medications. The total prevalence of tobacco use was 28.9%. A total of 37.72% wanted to quit smoking, while a mere 1.2% had sought any professional help to do so. Conclusions: Tobacco use in HCS, apart from personal health risks to themselves, may potentially affect their future commitment to support patients in tobacco cessation. There is a need for further research into tobacco prevention and cessation programs tailored to the needs of student groups. There is a need for an updated curriculum for tobacco cessation strategies and more research into better cessation strategies.
Reported exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and relative perceived importance of different settings for SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in England and Wales: Analysis of the Virus Watch Community Cohort
Authors: Beale Sarah , Byrne Thomas , Fragaszy Ellen , Kovar Jana , Nguyen Vincent , Aryee Anna , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Geismar Cyril , Patel Parth , Shrotri Madhumita , Patni Nicholas , Braithwaite Isobel , Navaratnam Annalan , Johnson Anne M , Aldridge Robert W. , Hayward Andrew C ,   Virus Watch Collaborative
Published: September 2021

We aimed to assess the relative importance of different settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a large community cohort based on perceived location of infection for self-reported confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases. We demonstrate the importance of home, work and education as perceived venues for transmission. In children, education was most important and in older adults essential shopping was of high importance. Our findings support public health messaging about infection control at home, advice on working from home and restrictions in different venues.
JANOS: An Integrated Predictive and Prescriptive Modeling Framework
Authors: Bergman David , Huang Teng , Brooks Philip , Lodi Andrea , Raghunathan Arvind U. 
Published: September 2021

Business research practice is witnessing a surge in the integration of predictive modeling and prescriptive analysis. We describe a modeling framework JANOS that seamlessly integrates the two streams of analytics, allowing researchers and practitioners to embed machine learning models in an end-to-end optimization framework. JANOS allows for specifying a prescriptive model using standard optimization modeling elements such as constraints and variables. The key novelty lies in providing modeling constructs that enable the specification of commonly used predictive models within an optimization model, have the features of the predictive model as variables in the optimization model, and incorporate the output of the predictive models as part of the objective. The framework considers two sets of decision variables: regular and predicted. The relationship between the regular and the predicted variables is specified by the user as pretrained predictive models. JANOS currently supports linear regression, logistic regression, and neural network with rectified linear activation functions. In this paper, we demonstrate the flexibility of the framework through an example on scholarship allocation in a student enrollment problem and provide a numeric performance evaluation.Summary of Contribution. This paper describes a new software tool, JANOS, that integrates predictive modeling and discrete optimization to assist decision making. Specifically, the proposed solver takes as input user-specified pretrained predictive models and formulates optimization models directly over those predictive models by embedding them within an optimization model through linear transformations.
Template-Based Minor Embedding for Adiabatic Quantum Optimization
Authors: Serra Thiago , Huang Teng , Raghunathan Arvind U. , Bergman David 
Published: September 2021

Quantum annealing (QA) can be used to quickly obtain near-optimal solutions for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. In QA hardware, each decision variable of a QUBO should be mapped to one or more adjacent qubits in such a way that pairs of variables defining a quadratic term in the objective function are mapped to some pair of adjacent qubits. However, qubits have limited connectivity in existing QA hardware. This has spurred work on preprocessing algorithms for embedding the graph representing problem variables with quadratic terms into the hardware graph representing qubits adjacencies, such as the Chimera graph in hardware produced by D-Wave Systems. In this paper, we use integer linear programming to search for an embedding of the problem graph into certain classes of minors of the Chimera graph, which we call template embeddings. One of these classes corresponds to complete bipartite graphs, for which we show the limitation of the existing approach based on minimum odd cycle transversals (OCTs). One of the formulations presented is exact and thus can be used to certify the absence of a minor embedding using that template. On an extensive test set consisting of random graphs from five different classes of varying size and sparsity, we can embed more graphs than a state-of-the-art OCT-based approach, our approach scales better with the hardware size, and the runtime is generally orders of magnitude smaller. Summary of Contribution: Our work combines classical and quantum computing for operations research by showing that integer linear programming can be successfully used as a preprocessing step for adiabatic quantum optimization. We use it to determine how a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem can be solved by a quantum annealer in which the qubits are coupled as in a Chimera graph, such as in the quantum annealers currently produced by D-Wave Systems. The paper also provides a timely introduction to adiabatic quantum computing and related work on minor embeddings.
Hedge Fund Manager Skill and Style-Shifting
Authors: Jiang George J. , Liang Bing , Zhang Huacheng 
Published: September 2021

Using a novel style identification procedure, we show that style-shifting is a dynamic strategy commonly used by hedge fund managers. Three quarters of hedge funds shifted their investment styles at least once over the period from January 1994 to December 2013. We perform empirical tests of two hypotheses for the motivations of hedge fund style-shifting, namely backward-looking and forward-looking hypotheses. We find no evidence that style-shifting funds are backward-looking. Instead, we show evidence that managers of style-shifting funds exhibit both style-timing ability and the skill of generating abnormal returns in new styles. The new styles that hedge funds shift to on average outperform their old styles by 0.76% and style-shifting funds on average outperform their new style benchmark by 1.10% over the subsequent 12-month horizon. Finally, we show that small funds, winner funds, and funds with net inflows are more likely to shift styles. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Ultrawide bandwidth dual sakura hollow-core antiresonant fiber polarization beam splitter
Authors: Jia Haoqiang , Wang Xin , Benson Trevor M. , Gu Shuai , Lou Shuqin , Sheng Xinzhi 
Published: September 2021

A dual sakura hollow-core antiresonant fiber (DSHC-ARF) is proposed for developing an ultrawide-bandwidth polarization beam splitter (PBS). An air gap is introduced into the fiber between dual sakura hollow cores acting as a mode-coupling channel, which determines the implementation of a DSHC-ARF-based PBS. We demonstrate the wavelength dependence of coupling length can be reduced by introducing nested tubes and investigate their impact on single-mode operation further. Through optimizing the fiber, a high-performance PBS based on a 4.42 cm long DSHC-ARF can be obtained with an ultrawide bandwidth of 460 nm ranging from 1400 to 1860 nm, good single-mode operation with a higher-order mode extinction ratio above 100, and a low fundamental mode loss below 0.543 dB.
Thinly coated hollow core fiber for improved thermal phase-stability performance
Authors: Shi Bo , Sakr Hesham , Hayes John , Wei Xuhao , Numkam Fokoua Eric , Ding Meng , Feng Zitong , Marra Giuseppe , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Slavík Radan 
Published: September 2021

The optical phase accumulated when light propagates through an optical fiber changes with temperature. It has been shown by various authors that this thermal phase sensitivity is significantly smaller in hollow core fibers (HCFs) than in standard single-mode fibers (SSMFs). However, there have been considerable differences in the level of sensitivity reduction claimed, with factors in the range

×

3

to

×

20

improvement for HCFs relative to SSMFs reported. Here we show experimentally that this large variation is likely attributable to the influence of fiber coating, which is exacerbated in HCFs with a relatively thin silica glass outer wall (e.g., the wall thickness is typically just 20 µm in a 125 µm diameter HCF). Further, we show that the coating also causes the optical phase stability to suffer from relaxation effects, which have not been previously discussed in the HCF literature, to the best of our knowledge. In addition to demonstrating these relaxation effects experimentally, we analyze them through numerical simulations. Our results strongly suggest that they originate from the viscoelastic properties of the coating. To minimize the adverse effects of the coating, we have fabricated a HCF with a relatively thick wall (

∼

50

µ

m

) and a very thin coating (10 µm). This results in an almost 30-fold reduction in HCF thermal phase sensitivity relative to SSMFs – a significantly lower sensitivity than in previous reports. Moreover, our thinly coated HCF exhibits no discernable relaxation effects while maintaining good mechanical properties.
Demonstration of a compact, multi-joule, diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser
Authors: Tamer Issa , Reagan Brendan A. , Galvin Thomas , Galbraith Justin , Sistrunk Emily , Church Andrew , Huete Glenn , Neurath Hansel , Spinka Thomas 
Published: September 2021

We report the demonstration of a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser operating at 1.88 µm that produces pulse energies up to 3.88 J in 20 ns. The compact system consists of a

Q

-switched cavity-dumped oscillator generating 18 mJ pulses, which are then amplified in a four-pass power amplifier. Energies up to 38.1 J were obtained with long-pulse amplifier operation. These results illustrate the high energy storage and extraction capabilities of diode-pumped Tm:YLF, opening the path to high peak and average power mid-infrared solid-state lasers.
High-efficiency and large light-receiving area superconducting nanowire single-photon detector integrated with high-contrast grating
Authors: Wei Chen , Wang Wencong , Liu Dongmei , Gu Min , Wu Xianqiu 
Published: September 2021

By using a high-contrast grating (HCG, high transmittance

>
90
%

) to control the phase shift of incident light, we theoretically designed a novel-structured HCG-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (HCG-SNSPD) with a high-efficiency and large light-receiving area. Without enlarging the typical single-pixel SNSPD nanowire area (

10

μm
×
10

μm

), the effective detection area is expanded to 115 μm, while the absorption efficiency of the nanowire reaches 84.9% at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The effective detection area of HCG-SNSPD is increased by 11.5 times compared to that of conventional single-pixel SNSPDs. Moreover, the absorption efficiencies of HCG-SNSPD exceed 70% at wavelengths ranging from 1460 nm to 1650 nm, indicating high-efficiency broadband detection. This study promotes new possibilities for the application of SNSPDs.
The impact of green credit on economic growth—The mediating effect of environment on labor supply
Authors: Chen Cai , Zhang Yingli , Bai Yun , Li Wenrui 
Published: September 2021

Background
The progress of green credit in China is accelerating, but its development is uneven and insufficient in different regions. And whether the issuance of green credit can effectively promote the improvement of the environment and economy is not well understood.

Objective
Previous research has found that green credit promotes economic growth through improvement of the industrial structure and green technological innovation. However, these studies have not considered the positive externality of environmental improvement even though environmental improvement and economic growth are requirements of the sustainable development concept.

Methods
We use the chain-mediated model to estimate the impact of green credit issuance on the economic growth of different provinces since the large-scale implementation of green credit in China with data from 2008 to 2016.

Results and conclusion
This paper shows that the issuance of green credit can improve labor supply rather than labor productivity through the improvement of air quality to achieve regional economic growth. Such a chain-mediated path is different from the economic growth caused by industrial structural adjustment and green technology innovation. At the national level, every 1% increase in green credit issuance relative to industrial loans will increase the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by approximately 4.6 yuan, or 0.012%, through air quality and labor supply, accounting for 2.875% of the total effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to regional industrial structure differences and diminishing marginal effects, the impact of green credit is stronger in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. For every 1% increase in the proportion of green credit issuance relative to industrial loans, the per capita GDP growth achieved through the chain-mediated path is approximately 30.17 yuan in the western region, approximately 6.6 times greater than that at the national level. Within a 95% confidence interval of 5000 bootstrap samples, this path is found to be true, and the chain-mediated effect accounts for approximately 12.96% of the total indirect effect.

Limitations
The limitation of this paper is the measurement of green credit. Although green credit has a large volume, it remains underdeveloped, and there is a lack of perfect indicators. Most existing studies have adopted only alternative or reverse indicators to measure the issuance of green credit. For example, this paper takes the interest expenditure of six high-energy-consuming enterprises as the reverse indicator, which may to a certain extent lead to the overestimation of the issuance of green credit and its impact on the environment and economy. Future research can accurately explore the performance of green credit on the basis of its mature development.
Investigating the impacts of COVID-19 among LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Abramovich Alex , Pang Nelson , Moss Amanda , Logie Carmen H. , Chaiton Michael , Kidd Sean A. , Hamilton Hayley A. 
Published: September 2021

Background
LGBTQ2S youth are overrepresented among youth experiencing homelessness and experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to heterosexual and cisgender youth. COVID-19 related challenges for LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness remain unknown. To address this gap, this study aimed to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on LGBTQ2S youth at risk of, and experiencing, homelessness in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada and surrounding areas.

Methods
Utilizing a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, LGBTQ2S youth experiencing homelessness were recruited to participate in virtual surveys and in-depth one-on-one interviews. Surveys included standardized measures and were administered to measure mental health outcomes and collect information on demographic characteristics, and health service use. Survey data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and statistical tests for difference of proportions. Interviews were analyzed using an iterative thematic content approach.

Results
Sixty-one youth completed surveys and 20 youth participated in one-on-one interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data showed that youth have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in various ways, including experiencing poor mental health, such as suicidality, depression, anxiety, and increased substance use, and lack of access to health and social support services.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the need for LGBTQ2S inclusive and affirming health care and support services for precariously housed adolescents to address the pre-existing social and health issues that have been exacerbated by the pandemic.
Play and Moral Education in the Choruses of Plato’sLaws
Authors: Pageau-St-Hilaire Antoine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong the educative games of Plato’s Cretan city, choral performances have a prominent role. This paper examines the function of play (παιδιά) in the choral education in virtue in Plato’sLaws. I reconstruct the notion of play as it is elaborated throughout this dialogue, and then show how it contributes to solving the problem of virtue acquisition in the Athenian’s account of moral education through songs and dances. I argue that play in theLawsis best understood as an imitative activity that is intrinsically pleasurable, ordered by rules and patterns of repetition, and undertaken for its own sake by a player whose psychic condition is childish. Thus interpreted, we are in a better position to see why choruses must be engaged in playfully. Because the self-likening process (ὁμοίωσις) choral performances aim at requires pleasure and because pleasure normally obtains when there is a concordance between one’s character and the imitations, virtue acquisition is best secured if the imitations of virtue in choruses are performed or spectated playfully.
Construction of a new luminescent Cd(ii) compound for the detection of Fe3+ and treatment of Hepatitis B
Authors: Huang Min-Min , Xu Li-Na 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A novel porous Cd(ii) metal–organic framework (MOF) with the chemical composition of {[H3O][Cd(bci)]}
n
·2n(H2O) (1, H3bci = bis(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate) was prepared via hydrothermal responses of H3bci and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O. Luminescent property investigations indicated that compound 1 had high sensitivity toward Fe3+, and the detection limit of Fe3+ was as low as 2.15 × 10−4 M. The application values of Fe3+ on Hepatitis B were assessed, and its associated mechanism was identified simultaneously. First, the cytotoxic mediator (TNF-α) substance released into plasma was measured through the ELISA. In addition, real-time RT-PCR was employed to determine the Hepatitis B viral replication gene relative expression levels. Finally, the novel compound’s toxicity against human normal liver cells was tested by using the CCK-8 assay.
Comprehensive evaluation of the blast furnace status based on data mining and mechanism analysis
Authors: Hu Yifan , Zhou Heng , Yao Shun , Kou Mingyin , Zhang Zongwang , Wang Li Pang , Wu Shengli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As an industry with high energy consumption and high emission, the iron and steel industry not only drives the economic development, but also brings serious environmental pollution problems. In order to achieve green and low-carbon steel manufacturing, reducing CO2 emissions in the blast furnace ironmaking process has become the current mainstream, of which the accurate judgment of the blast furnace status is a key to achieve it. Firstly, combining theory with production experience, this research established 6 evaluation systems of the blast furnace and extracted 22 evaluation parameters from them through mathematical statistics. After completing the data preprocessing with the help of Python, the potential elements in the initial variables were excavated and a comprehensive evaluation model of the blast furnace status was developed by Factor Analysis. Based on this, the status of the blast furnace were divided into four degrees, i.e. good, normal, poor and warning and the rationality was verified by comparison to the production logs. By means of comparing the law of data distribution under different furnace status, the optimal range of operation parameters was summarized. This study is expected to provide guidance for realizing energy conservation and consumption reduction of the blast furnace.
Fiber nonlinearity compensation using optical phase conjugation in dispersion-managed coherent transmission systems
Authors: Hao Jinqing , Han Bingchen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the discretely amplified transmission systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the system performance of nonlinearity-compensated optical transmission based on pre-dispersed spectral inversion (PSI) is investigated numerically. We find that PSI offers more significant performance improvement in dispersion-managed (DM) links than that in non-dispersion-managed (noDM) links. On the other hand, the DM link is more sensitive to the span offset from the center of the transmission link than noDM link. The performance difference between DM and noDM links is 1 dB if the span offset equals four spans in 20 × 90 km nonlinear transmission. Furthermore, we show that for the dispersion-managed transmission, in order to obtain the best system performance, the amount of pre-dispersion of the PSI, should be optimized over different dispersion maps.
Strong consistency of regression function estimator with martingale difference errors
Authors: Chen Yingxia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the regression model with fixed design:

Y

i

=
g

(

x

i

)

+

ε

i

{Y}_{i}=g\left({x}_{i})+{\varepsilon }_{i}

,

1
≤
i
≤
n

1\le i\le n

, where

{

x

i

}

\left\{{x}_{i}\right\}

are the nonrandom design points, and

{

ε

i

}

\left\{{\varepsilon }_{i}\right\}

is a sequence of martingale, and

g

g

is an unknown function. Nonparametric estimator

g

n

(

x

)

{g}_{n}\left(x)

of

g

(

x

)

g\left(x)

will be introduced and its strong convergence properties are established.