bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep inelastic scattering on the quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Cè Marco , Harris Tim , Meyer Harvey B. , Toniato Arianna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We provide an interpretation of the structure functions of a thermal medium such as the quark-gluon plasma in terms of the scattering of an incoming electron on the medium via the exchange of a spacelike photon. We then focus on the deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) regime, and formulate the corresponding moment sum rules obeyed by the structure functions. Accordingly, these moments are given by the thermal expectation value of twist-two operators, which is computable from first principles in lattice QCD for the first few moments. We also show how lattice QCD calculations can be used to probe how large the photon virtuality needs to be in order for the Bjorken scaling of structure functions to set in. Finally, we provide the parton-model interpretation of the structure functions in the Bjorken limit and test its consistency. As in DIS on the proton, the kinematic variable x is proportional to the longitudinal momentum carried by the partons, however x ranges from zero to infinity. Choosing the parton momentum parametrization to be xT u where u is the fluid four-velocity and T its temperature in the rest frame, the parton distribution function for a plasma of non-interacting quarks is proportional to x log(1 + e−x/2).
Seelische Gesundheit und psychische Belastungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse der COPSY-Studie
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Kaman Anne , Otto Christiane , Adedeji Adekunle , Napp Ann-Kathrin , Becker Marcia , Blanck-Stellmacher Ulrike , Löffler Constanze , Schlack Robert , Hölling Heike , Devine Janine , Erhart Michael , Hurrelmann Klaus 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die mit der COVID-19-Pandemie einhergehenden Veränderungen und Kontaktbeschränkungen können das psychische Wohlbefinden von Kindern und Jugendlichen beeinflussen.

Ziel der Arbeit
COPSY ist die erste deutschlandweite repräsentative Studie, welche die psychische Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen während der Pandemie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen der repräsentativen longitudinalen BELLA-Studie aus der Zeit vor der Pandemie verglichen.

Material und Methoden
Vom 26.05. bis zum 10.06.2020 wurden n = 1586 Eltern mit 7‑ bis 17-jährigen Kindern und Jugendlichen, von denen n = 1040 11- bis 17-Jährige auch Selbstangaben machten, befragt. Dabei wurden international etablierte Instrumente zur Erfassung von gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität, psychischen Auffälligkeiten, Ängstlichkeit und depressiven Symptomen eingesetzt. Die Daten wurden mittels deskriptiver Statistiken und bivariater Tests ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
71 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen und 75 % der Eltern fühlten sich durch die erste Welle der Pandemie belastet. Im Vergleich zu der Zeit vor der Pandemie gaben die Kinder und Jugendlichen eine geminderte Lebensqualität an, der Anteil von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Auffälligkeiten hat sich in etwa verdoppelt und ihr Gesundheitsverhalten hat sich verschlechtert. Sozial benachteiligte Kinder erlebten die Belastungen durch die Pandemie besonders stark. Zwei Drittel der Eltern wünschten sich Unterstützung im Umgang mit ihrem Kind.

Diskussion
Die COVID-19-Pandemie führt zu einer psychischen Gesundheitsgefährdung der Kinder und Jugendlichen, auf die präventiv mit niedrigschwelligen und zielgruppenspezifischen Angeboten in der Schule, in der ärztlichen Praxis und in der Gesellschaft im Sinne des Kinderschutzes reagiert werden sollte.
Fasting glucose, bone area and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Mitchell Adam , Larsson Susanna C. , Fall Tove , Melhus Håkan , Michaëlsson Karl , Byberg Liisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Observational studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose levels are associated with a greater risk for hip fracture, smaller bone area and higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, these findings may be biased by residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomisation (MR) utilises genetic variants as instruments for exposures in an attempt to address these biases. Thus, we implemented MR to determine whether fasting glucose levels in individuals without diabetes are causally associated with bone area and BMD at the total hip.

Methods
We selected 35 SNPs strongly associated with fasting glucose (p < 5 × 10−8) in a non-diabetic European-descent population from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) (n = 133,010). MR was used to assess the associations of genetically predicted fasting glucose concentrations with total hip bone area and BMD in 4966 men and women without diabetes from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, Prospective Investigation of Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men.

Results
In a meta-analysis of the three cohorts, a genetically predicted 1 mmol/l increment of fasting glucose was associated with a 2% smaller total hip bone area (−0.67 cm2 [95% CI −1.30, −0.03; p = 0.039]), yet was also associated, albeit without reaching statistical significance, with a 4% higher total hip BMD (0.040 g/cm2 [95% CI −0.00, 0.07; p = 0.060]).

Conclusions/interpretation
Fasting glucose may be a causal risk factor for smaller bone area at the hip, yet possibly for greater BMD. Further MR studies with larger sample sizes are required to corroborate these findings.

Graphical abstract
Digitale Lehre 2020: Studenten schätzen die Aufmerksamkeit während einer Onlinevorlesung gleichwertig zu einer Präsenzvorlesung ein
Authors: Mohi Armin , Gniesmer Stefanie , Ranjbar Mahdy , Kakkassery Vinodh , Grisanti Swaantje , Neppert Birte , Kurz Maximilian , Lüke Julia , Lüke Matthias , Müller Maya , Lommatzsch Claudia , Grisanti Salvatore 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Corona-Pandemie hat zu einer kurzfristigen Anpassung der Lehrveranstaltungen im Studiengang Humanmedizin geführt. Präsenzlehre war in vielen Bereichen nicht mehr möglich, sodass ein digitales Lehrkonzept etabliert werden musste, um weiterhin eine adäquate medizinische Ausbildung zu gewährleisten.

Methodik
Basierend auf den Lehrinhalten unserer Präsenzveranstaltung, haben wir ein digitales Curriculum erarbeitet. Primäre Werkzeuge zur Umsetzung dieses Vorhabens waren Cisco WebEx und Moodle, welche bereits an der Universität zu Lübeck etablierte Softwarelösungen waren. Anschließend wurde anhand einer Umfrage unter den Studierenden dieses Konzept evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Die Auswertung der Evaluation hat gezeigt, dass Inhalt und Didaktik der Lehrveranstaltung als „gut bis sehr gut“ bewertet wurden. Die Kommunikation mit den Studenten und unter den Studenten selbst wurde als „gut“ eingestuft. Es hat sich insbesondere gezeigt, dass die Aufmerksamkeit der Studenten während der Vorlesung als „gleichwertig“ zu der Aufmerksamkeit einer Präsenzvorlesung bewertet wurde. Die Vermittlung von praktischen Fähigkeiten wurde erwartungsgemäß als „schlecht“ beurteilt. Abschließend konnte sich ein Großteil der Studierenden eine Kombination aus digitaler und Präsenzlehre auch in Zukunft vorstellen.

Diskussion
Die kurzfristige Umstellung auf einen digitalen Lehrbetrieb hat Lehrende und Studierende vor eine Herausforderung gestellt. Durch geeignete Softwarelösungen können theoretische Inhalte adäquat vermittelt werden. Die Studenten werteten die digitale Lehrveranstaltung im Vergleich zur Präsenzlehre als gleichwertig und auch für die Zukunft als eine attraktive Option. Ein weiterhin zu lösendes Problem bleibt aber das Erlernen von praktischen Fähigkeiten.
The voice, text, and the visual as semiotic companions: an analysis of the materiality and meaning potential of multimodal screen feedback
Authors: Tyrer Clare 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe gap between how learners interpret and act upon feedback has been widely documented in the research literature. What is less certain is the extent to which the modality and materiality of the feedback influence students’ and teachers’ perceptions. This article explores the semiotic potential of multimodal screen feedback to enhance written feedback. Guided by an “Inquiry Graphics” approach, situated within a semiotic theory of learning edusemiotic conceptual framework, constructions of meaning in relation to screencasting feedback were analysed to determine how and whether it could be incorporated into existing feedback practices. Semi-structured video elicitation interviews with student teachers were used to incorporate both micro and macro levels of analysis. The findings suggested that the relationship between the auditory, visual and textual elements in multimodal screen feedback enriched the feedback process, highlighting the importance of form in addition to content to aid understanding of written feedback. The constitutive role of design and material artefacts in feedback practices in initial teacher training pertinent to these findings is also discussed.
Investigating Friendship Difficulties in the Pathway from ADHD to Depressive Symptoms. Can Parent–Child Relationships Compensate?
Authors: Powell Victoria , Riglin Lucy , Ng-Knight Terry , Frederickson Norah , Woolf Katherine , McManus Chris , Collishaw Stephan , Shelton Katherine , Thapar Anita , Rice Frances 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with friendship difficulties. This may partly account for the increasingly recognised association between ADHD and subsequent depression. Little is known about the types of friendship difficulties that could contribute to the association between ADHD and depressive symptoms and whether other relationships, such as parent–child relationships, can mitigate against potential adverse effects of friendship difficulties. In a representative UK school sample (n = 1712), three main features of friendship (presence of friends, friendship quality and characteristics of the individual’s classroom friendship group) were assessed in a longitudinal study with two assessment waves (W1, W2) during the first year of secondary school (children aged 11-12 years). These friendship features (W1) were investigated as potential mediators of the prospective association between teacher-rated ADHD symptoms (W1) and self-rated depressive symptoms (W2) seven months later. Parent–child relationship quality (W1) was tested as a moderator of any indirect effects of ADHD on depression via friendship. ADHD symptoms were inversely associated with friendship presence, friendship quality and positive characteristics of classroom friendship groups. Depressive symptoms were inversely associated with presence and quality of friendships. Friendship quality had indirect effects in the association between ADHD and subsequent depressive symptoms. There was some evidence of moderated mediation, whereby indirect effects via friendship quality attenuated slightly as children reported warmer parent–child relationships. This highlights the importance of considering the quality of friendships and parent–child relationships in children with ADHD symptoms. Fostering good quality relationships may help disrupt the link between ADHD symptomology and subsequent depression risk.
Freedom, Firearms, and Civil Resistance
Authors: Crummett Dustin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe claim that guns can safeguard freedom is common in US political discourse. In light of a broadly republican understanding of freedom, I evaluate this claim and its implications. The idea is usually that firearms would enable citizens to engage in revolutionary violence against a tyrannical government. I argue that some of the most common objections to this argument fail, but that the argument is fairly weak in light of other objections. I then defend a different argument for the claim that guns can safeguard freedom. I claim that firearm ownership among members of oppressed groups can hinder the use of systematic violence aimed at preventing them from exercising their basic liberties. I show how a commitment to armed self-defense is compatible with non-violent civil resistance as a tool of political change, and show how the former facilitated the latter during the Civil Rights Movement. Finally, I consider the policy implications of my argument. I don’t think it vindicates lax gun control policies. However, it may vindicate some individuals acquiring guns and learning how to use them, and some organizations aiding them in doing so.
A finite element implementation of the stress gradient theory
Authors: Kaiser Tobias , Forest Samuel , Menzel Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, a finite element implementation of the stress gradient theory is proposed. The implementation relies on a reformulation of the governing set of partial differential equations in terms of one primary tensor-valued field variable of third order, the so-called generalised displacement field. Whereas the volumetric part of the generalised displacement field is closely related to the classic displacement field, the deviatoric part can be interpreted in terms of micro-displacements. The associated weak formulation moreover stipulates boundary conditions in terms of the normal projection of the generalised displacement field or of the (complete) stress tensor. A detailed study of representative boundary value problems of stress gradient elasticity shows the applicability of the proposed formulation. In particular, the finite element implementation is validated based on the analytical solutions for a cylindrical bar under tension and torsion derived by means of Bessel functions. In both tension and torsion cases, a smaller is softer size effect is evidenced in striking contrast to the corresponding strain gradient elasticity solutions.
Landslide susceptibility mapping of Gdynia using geographic information system-based statistical models
Authors: Małka Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work aims to prepare a reliable landslide susceptibility model and to analyse the factors contributing to landslides in a dynamic environment by considering the city of Gdynia, Poland as a case study. Geological, geomorphological, hydrological, hydrogeological, and anthropogenic predisposing factors are considered using geographic information systems. Ground types at different depths (1 m and 4 m b.g.l.) are used in the statistical susceptibility assessment for the first time. Landslide susceptibility maps are developed using two techniques in presenting landslides, 13 conditioning factors, and three statistical methods: landslide index, weight of evidence, and logistic regression. The considered factors have an influence on mass movement formation, but their roles are different. Many of these passive factors are interrelated and some of them are also related to active factors, i.e. triggers. Consideration of many thematic layers in the statistical approach allows for the selection of the most appropriate geo-environmental variables. The most significant conditioning factors that affect the likelihood of landsliding include land use and land cover as well as topography. The susceptibility maps generated by the index model and many interrelated passive factors appear to be over-predicted. The logistic regression model and only independent controlling factors (slope angle, slope aspect, and lithology) are sufficient to compile a reliable susceptibility map of Gdynia. Prediction rate curve plots show that the susceptibility map produced using logistic regression exhibits the highest prediction accuracy. The results emphasize the need to check independence in the selection of instability factors and the use of an independent subset of landslides for validation.
Quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate–Palestine: a part of the Palestinian diabetes complications and control study (PDCCS)
Authors: Tietjen Anna Katharina , Ghandour Rula , Mikki Nahed , Jerdén Lars , Eriksson Jan W. , Norberg Margareta , Husseini Abdullatif 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a considerable impact on physical health as well as on emotional and social wellbeing. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life and its associated factors among Palestinians with T2DM.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 517 patients (68% female) was conducted in eleven primary health care clinics located in Ramallah and al-Bireh governorate of the West Bank. To assess socio-demographic data, risk factors and diabetes control, interviews, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and blood and urine tests were performed. The validated Arabic version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire was carried out on all patients to measure Quality of Life (QoL). A multivariable regression analysis was performed.

Results
The average weighted impact (AWI) score was −3.38 (95% CI: −3.55 to −3.21, range: −9.00 to 0.12). This indicates that diabetes was perceived as having a considerable negative impact on the quality of life. The life domains ‘freedom to eat’, ‘physical activities’, and ‘work-life’ were the most negatively impacted. Males and individuals living with diabetes for a prolonged time were associated with a more significant negative impact on quality of life.

Conclusion
The study showed that diabetes generally had a negative impact on QoL and identified the demand for diabetes management programs tailored to patient needs and different patient groups, as well as health policies that put patients in the center of diabetes care.
Accuracy of PubMed-based author lists of publications and use of author identifiers to address author name ambiguity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sebo Paul , de Lucia Sylvain , Vernaz Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective: To assess the accuracy of PubMed-based author lists of publications and use of author identifiers to address author name ambiguity. Methods: In this Swiss study conducted in 2019, 300 hospital-based senior physicians were asked to generate a list of their publications in PubMed and complete a questionnaire (type of query used, number of errors in their list of publications, knowledge and use of ORCID and ResearcherID). Results: 156 physicians (52%) agreed to participate, 145 of whom published at least one article (mean number of publications: 60 (SD 73)). Only 17% used the advanced search option. On average, there were 5 articles in the lists that were not co-authored by participants (advanced search: 1.0 (SD 2.6) vs. 5.9 (SD 13.9), p value 0.02) and 3 articles co-authored by participants that did not appear in the lists (advanced search: 1.5 (SD 2.0) vs. 3.6 (SD 8.4), p-value 0.05). Although 82% were aware of ORCID, only 16% added all their articles (39% and 6% respectively for ResearcherID). Conclusions: When used by senior physicians, the advanced search in PubMed is accurate for retrieving authors’ publications. Author identifiers are only used by a minority of physicians and are therefore not recommended in this context, as they would lead to inaccurate results.
Evaluating the Jordanian Experience in the Transition to a Knowledge Economy
Authors: Barakat Saleh S. , AlSmadi Hisham M. , Abu-Ashour Khalifeh M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2002, Jordan sought to shift towards a knowledge economy through the adoption of several policies supporting the transition towards a knowledge economy. The current study aims to evaluate the transition process as Jordan moves towards knowledge economy. Majority of the indicators presented in this study showed regression, despite some important steps taken by Jordan. The results showed a noticeable decline in the knowledge economy indicators in Jordan and also that Jordan is going through difficult economic conditions on account of minimal global support. The pace of the transition towards the knowledge economy has been greatly affected by deteriorated economic situations of Jordan. However, Jordan has been able to obtain some positive indicators with respect to human capital and creativity, and these endorse the significance of investing in human capital, reviewing the law and legal system, and education policies in Jordan. These results provide a guideline to Jordanian authorities so that they can take necessary measures to meaningfully invest in knowledge economy.
“They Made us into a Race. We Made Ourselves into a People”: A Corpus Study of Contemporary Black American Group Identity in the Non-Fictional Writings of Ta-Nehisi Coates
Authors: Hathaway Yulia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines representations of contemporary Black American identity in the non-fictional writings of Ta-Nehisi Coates. The dataset is a self-compiled specialized corpus of Coates’s non-fictional writings from 1996 until 2018 (350 texts; 468,899 words). The study utilizes an interdisciplinary approach combining corpus linguistics and corpus pragmatics. Frequencies of five identity-related terms in the corpus (African(–)Americans, blacks, black people, black America/Americansandblack community/communities) are compared diachronically; then the pragmatic prosody of the terms is analyzed via the notion of control. The findings suggest that Coates’s representation of Black American group identity has shifted over time. Specifically, the termsAfrican Americansandblack Americaare replaced by the termsblacksandblack people.The study’s empirical findings, considered through the theoretical framework on Black solidarity, suggest a shift in representation of group identity in Coates’s writings from an identity based on cultural and ethnic commonalities to an identity based on the shared experiences of anti-Black racism.
Preliminary Analysis of Liquid Biopsy after Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Mason Meredith C. , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Tran Cao Hop S. , Aloia Thomas A. , Newhook Timothy E. , Overman Michael J. , Kopetz Scott E. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas , Chun Yun Shin 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Liquid biopsies are increasingly tested in patients with colorectal cancer to assess tumor burden, response to therapy, and prognosis. The significance of liquid biopsy results after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) is not well-defined.

STUDY DESIGN:
Sixty-three patients undergoing CLM resection between 2016 and 2018 had plasma drawn postoperatively for liquid biopsy evaluation. Next-generation sequencing analysis was performed to detect somatic mutations in 70 genes.

RESULTS:
Liquid biopsy after CLM resection was positive in 42 of 63 patients (67%). Eleven patients (18%) had 1 gene mutation, 14 patients (22%) had 2 to 3 mutations, and 17 patients (27%) had 4 or more mutations. The most common mutation was APC, detected in 32 patients (76%), followed by TP53 (74%) and KRAS (38%). Two-year overall survival rate from date of liver resection was significantly worse among patients with a positive liquid biopsy (70% vs 100%; p = 0.005), particularly for those with 4 or more gene mutations detected, whose 2-year overall survival rate was 41%. Sixteen of the 63 patients underwent serial liquid biopsies, resulting in 100 liquid biopsies with matched serum CEA and CT scan results. Metastases were identified in 74 CT scans, which correlated with positive liquid biopsy in 77% of samples (p < 0.001) and CEA > 3 ng/mL in 45% of samples (p < 0.22).

CONCLUSIONS:
Liquid biopsy results provide information about disease burden and prognosis that is complementary to serum CEA and CT imaging. A positive liquid biopsy after CLM resection is associated with worse overall survival, particularly when multiple gene mutations are detected.