bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Place of Women in Places of Decision in the Public and Private Sector: Case of Senegal
Authors: Diouf Diène Kolly Ousseynou 
Published: June 2021

The issue of greater representation of women in decision-making bodies is a recurrent issue in corporate governance in general and in the management of diversity in particular, which companies are now confronted with. On the other hand, in Senegal, there is little written on the question but a lot of debates and good political intentions.
The purpose of this article is to show from an empirical study that women still have failed to move beyond the "glass ceiling" that prevents them from reaching the highest positions. Through our study, based on a methodology of a qualitative and quantitative nature, we carried out semi-structured interviews (10), then administered questionnaires (60 and 39 selected) to some members of the decision-making bodies of companies in Senegal. .
The results show that preconceived ideas remain far from the reality on the ground. They especially underline that the presence of women in decision-making bodies can have a positive influence on the performance and governance of organizations.
Pharmaceutical Marketing Transformation due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sawad Aseel Bin , Turkistani Fatema 
Published: June 2021

Background: Since COVID-19 spreads from one person to others, it is necessary to stay away from others or reduce contact. This habit or practice is called social distancing. It encourages people to stay at their homes and to avoid crowded and/or public places.
Objective: To evaluate and discuss changes and shifts in the pharmaceutical marketing strategies due to COVID-19.
Methods: This is a narrative review articles and we use triangulation method to collect the related information from multiple electronic database. The results and findings of the selected articles were summarized and synthesized.
Results: As the number of COVID-19 infected people grows and the uncertainty of finding a cure continues, the people are becoming more apprehensive. Pharmaceutical companies made changes to their marketing strategies. From being too invested with in-person marketing, most companies are now exploring options that do not require as much physical interaction. Pharmaceutical companies have been reliant on telemarketing, digital marketing, and miscellaneous offers. This change is primarily driven by fear of being infected by the virus and self-preservation.
Conclusions: Based on the studies collected and reviewed in this paper, the changes appear to be successful especially with regard to digital marketing. This review provides an insight to marketing managers in the pharmaceutical industryto continue adjusting and modifying theirmarketing strategies due to COVID-19.Because this study focused on a specific sector (i.e., pharmaceutical)the results cannot be generalized and extended to other sectors.Future studies are needed to investigate the trends of changes and shifts of the pharmaceutical marketing strategies due to COVID-19.
Cell culture and genetic transfection methods for the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis
Authors: Suzuki Minako , Okumura Tomomi , Uchida Koki , Ikeda Yukinori , Tomooka Yasuhiro , Nakajima Tadaaki 
Published: June 2021

Cell cultures can simplify assays of biological phenomena; therefore, cell culture systems have been established for many species, even invertebrates. However, there are few primary culture systems from marine invertebrates that can be maintained long term. The Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, is a marine bivalve. Cell culture systems for the scallop have only been established for a few organ‐derived cell types and for embryonic cells. We developed a primary culture system for cells from male and female scallop gonads, hepatopancreas, and adductor muscle by utilizing culture conditions closer to those in nature, with regard to temperature, osmolarity, and nutrition. Primary cultured female gonadal cells were maintained for more than 1 month and had potential for proliferation. Furthermore, a genetic transfection system was attempted using a scallop‐derived promoter and a lipofection reagent. GFP‐positive cells were detected in the attempt. These technical developments would promote our understanding of biochemical mechanisms in scallops as well as providing clues for establishment of immortalized molluscan cell lines.
Recent Progresses in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper‐Based Catalysts toward Multicarbon Products
Authors: Yu Jinli , Wang Juan , Ma Yangbo , Zhou Jingwen , Wang Yunhao , Lu Pengyi , Yin Jinwen , Ye Ruquan , Zhu Zonglong , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising way of effectively converting CO2 to value‐added chemicals and fuels by utilizing renewable electricity. To date, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to single‐carbon products, especially carbon monoxide and formate, has been well achieved. However, the efficient conversion of CO2 to more valuable multicarbon products (e.g., ethylene, ethanol, n‐propanol, and n‐butanol) is difficult and still under intense investigation. Here, recent progresses in the electrochemical CO2 reduction to multicarbon products using copper‐based catalysts are reviewed. First, the mechanism of CO2RR is briefly described. Then, representative approaches of catalyst engineering are introduced toward the formation of multicarbon products in CO2RR, such as composition, morphology, crystal phase, facet, defect, strain, and surface and interface. Subsequently, key aspects of cell engineering for CO2RR, including electrode, electrolyte, and cell design, are also discussed. Finally, recent advances are summarized and some personal perspectives in this research direction are provided.
Diffusion‐Controlled Z‐Scheme‐Steered Charge Separation across PDI/BiOI Heterointerface for Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Light‐Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Ben Haijie , Liu Yong , Liu Xiao , Liu Xiufan , Ling Cancan , Liang Chuan , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConstructing heterojunctions is an efficient approach for enhancing charge separation to optimize photoreactivity. Although the aligned built‐in electric fields across the heterointerface are generally considered as the main driving force for charge separation, diffusion‐controlled charge separation also happens, which is poorly investigated in photocatalytic heterojunctions. Here, a perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI)–bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) heterojunction is elaborately fabricated by in situ successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. Utilizing Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), the local separation of photogenerated charge carriers across the heterointerface is directly mapped, which obeys a Z‐scheme mechanism. Experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that the differences of electron densities between PDI and BiOI enable a diffusion‐controlled charge separation process, which overwhelm that of built‐in electric fields across heterointerfaces. Benefiting from the effective charge separation driven by a diffusion‐controlled driving force, this PDI/BiOI heterojunction exhibits superior photocatalytic activities even under infrared (IR)‐light irradiation. These findings highlight the importance of diffusion‐controlled charge separation, and also offer useful roadmaps for the design of high‐performance heterojunction photocatalysts for down‐to‐earth applications.
Facile Fabrication of Luminescent Eu(III) Functionalized HOF Hydrogel Film with Multifunctionailities: Quinolones Fluorescent Sensor and Anticounterfeiting Platform
Authors: Xu Xin , Wang Jinmin , Yan Bing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe luminescent hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) based films have become one of the most remarkable materials for optical application, thus, developing facile synthesis methods and establishing multifunctional applications for HOF‐based luminescent materials are essential. Herein, a dual‐emitting Eu3+‐functionalized HOF hydrogel film (1) is fabricated successfully. 1 emits a blue‐green long afterglow when turning off the UV lamp, and the long afterglow lifetime gets to 1.99 s. 1 performs great selectivity, high sensitivity, and low detection limit toward ofloxacin and flumequine, and the sensing toward ofloxacin and flumequine is in accord with the chroma and ratio modes. The fluorescent response mechanisms of 1 toward ofloxacin and flumequine are investigated in depth, which are further utilized to build an anticounterfeiting platform with high‐level security. The film‐based anticounterfeiting platform can conduct information encryption on demand inline with different fluorescent responses and can also fetch specific information by controlling the long afterglow intensity and excited light. This study not only provides a representative case of the fabrication of dual‐emitting Eu3+‐functionalized HOF‐based hydrogel film but also opens the possibility of HOF‐based film as intelligent luminescent materials with multifunctionalities.
Stretchable Anti‐Fogging Tapes for Diverse Transparent Materials
Authors: Lin Shaoting , Yang Yueying , Ni Jiahua , Tsurimaki Yoichiro , Liu Xinyue , Lu Baoyang , Tu Yaodong , Zhou Jiawei , Zhao Xuanhe , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface wetting prevents surface fogging on transparent materials by facilitating filmwise condensation with specific chemistry, but suffers from material and geometry selectivity. Extreme environments associated with high humidity and mechanical loading further limit their anti‐fogging persistence. Here, a stretchable anti‐fogging tape (SAT) that can be applied to diverse transparent materials with varied curvatures for persistent fogging prevention is reported. The SAT consists of three synergistically combined transparent layers: i) a stretchable and tough layer with large elastic recovery, ii) an endurant anti‐fogging layer insensitive to ambient humidity, and iii) a robustly and reversibly adhesive layer. The SAT maintains high total transmittance (>90%) and low diffuse transmittance (<5%) in high‐humidity environments, under various modes of mechanical deformations, and over a prolonged lifetime (193 days tested so far). Two applications are demonstrated, including the SAT‐adhered eyeglasses and goggles for clear fog‐free vision, and the SAT‐adhered condensation cover for efficient solar‐powered freshwater production.
CoMo2S4 with Superior Conductivity for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Elucidating the Key Role of Co
Authors: Cheng Hui , Liu Qiong , Diao Yuwei , Wei Liling , Chen Jianghan , Wang Fuxian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoMo2S4 2D nanosheets are constructed by a hard template‐limited domain strategy, meanwhile the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties and the function of Co in CoMo2S4 are systematically investigated. Electrochemical tests show that CoMo2S4 possesses high HER performance with an overpotential of 55 and 150 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, outperforming Pt/C (20%) and the state of art Mo–S, Co–S, and Co–Mo–S‐based materials. An in‐depth mechanism study reveals that the main active site of CoMo2S4 is Mo rather than Co, whereas Co plays a key role in improving the electrical conductivity of the catalyst and thus improving the HER performance. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density of state tests demonstrate that the introduction of Co leads to electron delocalization in the catalyst, making the electrons transport easier and finally endowing the catalyst with better conductive performance. It is believed this is the first time that the effect of Co on improving the bulk conductivity of Co–Mo–S catalyst is proposed, which highlights the potency of Co in improving the electrocatalytic HER activity of Mo–S‐based materials.
Dual Role of Cu‐Chalcogenide as Hole‐Transporting Layer and Interface Passivator for p–i–n Architecture Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Sadhu Anupam , Rai Monika , Salim Teddy , Jin Xin , Tan Joel Ming Rui , Leow Shin Woei , Ahmed Mahmoud G. , Magdassi Shlomo , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Wong Lydia Helena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInorganic hole‐transport layers (HTLs) are widely investigated in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their superior stability compared to the organic HTLs. However, in p–i–n architecture when these inorganic HTLs are deposited before the perovskite, it forms a suboptimal interface quality for the crystallization of perovskite, which reduces device stability, causes recombination, and limits the power conversion efficiency of the device. The incorporation of an appropriate functional group such as sulfur‐terminated surface on the HTL can enhance the interface quality due to its interaction with perovskite during the crystallization process. In this work, a bifunctional Al‐doped CuS film is wet‐deposited as HTL in p–i–n architecture PSC, which besides acting as an HTL also improves the crystallization of perovskite at the interface. Urbach energy and light intensity versus open‐circuit voltage characterization suggest the formation of a better‐quality interface in the sulfide HTL–perovskite heterojunction. The degradation behavior of the sulfide‐HTL‐based perovskite devices is studied, where it can be observed that after 2 weeks of storage in a controlled environment, the devices retain close to 95% of their initial efficiency.
Anthracene‐Assisted Morphology Optimization in Photoactive Layer for High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Hongyu , Yang Hang , Wu Yue , Yildiz Okan , Zhu Xianming , Marszalek Tomasz , Blom Paul W.M. , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrently, morphology optimization methods for the fused‐ring nonfullerene acceptor‐based polymer solar cells (PSCs) empirically follow the treatments originally developed in fullerene‐based systems, being unable to meet the diverse molecular structures and strong crystallinity of the nonfullerene acceptors. Herein, a new and universal morphology controlling method is developed by applying volatilizable anthracene as solid additive. The strong crystallinity of anthracene offers the possibility to restrict the over aggregation of fused‐ring nonfullerene acceptor in the process of film formation. During the kinetic process of anthracene removal in the blend under thermal annealing, donor can imbed into the remaining space of anthracene in the acceptor matrix to form well‐developed nanoscale phase separation with bi‐continuous interpenetrating networks. Consequently, the treatment of anthracene additive enables the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PM6:Y6‐based devices to 17.02%, which is a significant improvement with regard to the PCE of 15.60% for the reference device using conventional treatments. Moreover, this morphology controlling method exhibits general application in various active layer systems to achieve better photovoltaic performance. Particularly, a remarkable PCE of 17.51% is achieved in the ternary PTQ10:Y6:PC71BM‐based PSCs processed by anthracene additive. The morphology optimization strategy established in this work can offer unprecedented opportunities to build state‐of‐the‐art PSCs.
Deep Insight into Steep‐Slope Threshold Switching with Record Selectivity (>4 × 1010) Controlled by Metal‐Ion Movement through Vacancy‐Induced‐Percolation Path: Quantum‐Level Control of Hybrid‐Filament
Authors: Banerjee Writam , Kim Seong Hun , Lee Seungwoo , Lee Sangmin , Lee Donghwa , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates a hyper‐level control of metal‐ion migration through vacancy‐induced‐percolation (VIP) path to maximize the steep‐slope performance of the threshold selector with excellent selectivity and endurance. Highly efficient control over metal‐ion migration through VIP is achieved with sophisticated stack engineering through the material evolution process and refined electrical operation. A thorough analysis of the energetics of metal‐ion‐ and vacancy‐based hybrid filament is performed using density functional theory calculations, which leads to a proper tuning of the biasing scheme. Command over bias‐induced ion migration to control the atomic‐scale filament is the key to maximize the threshold switching (TS) performance. The devices are designed with different diffusive materials and alloys. Precise atomic‐level control is realized with optimized device structure and alloy electrode, which indicates that the TS is safe within the vicinity of quantum contact. Owing to the synergistic impact of localized metal‐ion injection through VIP, alloy electrode material, and atomic‐level filament, the devices exhibit meticulous control of a highly stable TS with a high steep‐slope of <2 mV dec−1, extremely high selectivity of >4 × 1010 with an exceptional endurance >109 cycles, and device yield of 100%, which suggest the applicability of these devices in 1S1R and 1T1R platforms.
Structure/Property Control in Photocatalytic Organic Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Yingzhi , Yan Chuxuan , Dong Jiaqi , Zhou Wenjie , Rosei Federico , Feng Yun , Wang Lu‐Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis offers a practical solution to the ever increasing energy and environmental issues by using a semiconductor to harvest freely available sunlight. Photoactive organic semiconductor nanocrystals (OSNs) are promising photocatalysts due to their structure and function which are easily tunable by molecular design. Extensive studies have yielded significant progress on OSNs in terms of photoresponse, charge carrier mobility, as well as photoconversion efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the emerging crystal and interface engineering strategies used in optimizing structure/property of OSNs. The basic mechanisms involved in organic photocatalysis are discussed, for a better understanding of its dependence on the molecular and supramolecular structures. Then, the intermolecular interactions in molecular packing and the kinetic and thermodynamic control over the crystal growth process are summarized, with the aim of tuning the optical and electrical properties. Band energy alignment, charge carrier dynamics, and charge transfer are discussed in different heterostructures. In each case, structure/property relationships and how to tune them are emphasized. Finally, challenges and opportunities for the practical use of the organic photocatalysts are discussed.
Synovial Fluid pH Sensor for Early Detection of Prosthetic Hip Infections
Authors: Wijayaratna Uthpala N. , Kiridena Sachindra D. , Adams John D. , Behrend Caleb J. , Anker Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn implantable sensor developed to measure synovial fluid pH for noninvasive early detection and monitoring of hip infections using standard‐of‐care plain radiography is described. The sensor is made of a pH responsive polyacrylic acid‐based hydrogel, which expands at high pH and contracts at low pH. A radiodense tantalum bead and a tungsten wire are embedded in the two ends of the hydrogel to monitor the change in length of the hydrogel sensor in response to pH via plain radiography. The effective acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the hydrogel‐based pH sensor is 5.6 with a sensitivity of 3 mm/pH unit between pH 4 and 8. The sensor shows a linear response and reversibility in the physiologically relevant pH range of pH 6.5 and 7.5 in both buffer and bovine synovial fluid solutions with a 30‐minute time constant. The sensor is attached to an explanted prosthetic hip, and the pH response is determined from the X‐ray images by measuring the length between the tantalum bead and the radiopaque wire. Therefore, the developed sensor will enable noninvasive detection and studying of implant hip infection using plain radiography.
Fabrication of Frog‐Skin‐Inspired Slippery Antibiofouling Coatings Through Degradable Block Copolymer Wrinkling
Authors: Chen Ting‐Lun , Lin Yen‐Po , Chien Chih‐Hsuan , Chen Yi‐Chen , Yang Yi‐Ju , Wang Wei‐Lung , Chien Lee‐Feng , Hsueh Han‐Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMarine biofouling is a severe problem with a wide‐reaching impact on ship maintenance, the economy, and ecosystem safety, among others. Inspired by complex multifunctional frogskins, wrinkled slippery coatings are created that exhibit remarkable antifouling, anti‐icing, and self‐cleaning properties through a combination of degradable di‐block copolymer self‐assembly [i.e., polystyrene‐b‐polylactide (PS‐b‐PLA)] and hydrolysis‐driven dynamic release‐induced surface wrinkling. Microwrinkled patterns can generate curved surfaces that are resistant to biofouling. Gyroid‐forming PS‐b‐PLA can be used to produce nanoporous templates with cocontinuous nanochannels, which generate strong capillary forces for trapping and storing infiltrated lubricants. In this study, block‐copolymer‐derived hierarchically wrinkled slippery liquid‐infused nanoporous surfaces (i.e., micro wrinkles with nanochannels infused with slippery fluids) are successfully fabricated after silicone oil infiltration. The antibiofouling performance of these surfaces is examined against different foulers under various conditions. The produced coatings exhibited flexible, stable, transparent, and easily tunable antibiofouling characteristics. In particular, the formation of an eco‐friendly silicon‐based lubricant layer without the use of fluorinated compounds and costly material precursors is an advantage in industrial practice that can be adopted in various applications, such as fuel transport, self‐cleaning windows, anticorrosion protection, nontoxic coatings for medical devices, and optical instruments.
A Review of MOFs and Their Composites‐Based Photocatalysts: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Qian Yongteng , Zhang Fangfang , Pang Huan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis is considered to be a green and environment‐friendly technology since it can convert solar energy into other types of chemical energies. Over the past several years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based photocatalysts have received remarkable research interest due to their unique morphology, high photocatalytic performance, good chemical stability, easy synthesis, and low cost. In this review, the synthetic strategies of developing MOFs‐based photocatalysts are first introduced. Second, the recent progress in the fabrication of various types of MOFs composites photocatalysts is summarized. Third, the different applications including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, overall water splitting, nitrogen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction as well as photodegradation of organic pollutants of MOFs‐based photocatalysts are summed up. Finally, the challenges and some suggestions for the future development of MOFs‐ and their composites‐based photocatalysts are also highlighted. It is expected that this report will help researchers to systematically devise and develop highly efficient photocatalysts based on MOFs and their composites.