bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with occurrence of Autism: A Cohort Study
Authors: Al‐Farsi Yahya M , Al‐Khaduri Maha , Al‐Sumri Hanaa , Al‐Farsi Omar , Al‐Sharbati Marwan , Waly Mostafa , Ouhtit Allal , Al‐Shafaee Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSeveral antenatal and perinatal adverse events have been reported to be potentially associated with increased risk of occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among these is the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential association between GDM and ASD.MethodsA retrospective cohort study has been nested on a community trial titled as “Delaying the Development of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (AMAL study)” in Oman. The study population included 532 women with a total of 3,196 pregnancies. Multi‐variate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to explorer the association between GDM and ASD, adjusting for important confounders. The main outcome measure was hazard ratio (HR) of the effect of GDM on ASD.ResultsA total of 42 ASD cases have been enumerated over 3714 person‐years of follow up. In the crude model, pregnancies complicated with GDM carried a higher risk of ASD children than pregnancies without GDM (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.5, 3.4). the adjusted model, the association persisted even with control of the confounding effect of maternal age (HR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.3).ConclusionThis study provides a supportive evidence that GDM may carry an increased risk of occurrence of ASD. It calls for more strict control of GDm, especially that diabetes mellitus and obesity have reached alarming epidemiologic rates in Oman and the region.
Community acceptability and utilization of micronutrient powders in Bihar, India
Authors: Young Melissa Fox , Kekre Priya , Verma Pankaj , Srikantiah Sridhar , Majumdar Amlan , Trehan Shamik , Das Arup Kumar , Chaudhuri Indrajit , Sheth Meggha , Webb‐Girard Amy , Ramakrishnan Usha , Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: June 2021

Multiple micronutrient powders (MMPs) represent an innovative solution to reduce anemia and perhaps improve complementary feeding (CF) practices. The objective of this pilot was to examine community acceptability and utilization of MMPs to inform the design of a randomized‐control trial in Bihar, India. A 10 day pilot study of acceptability was conducted in 27 households with children ages 6–24 months. Households were counseled on MMP product use and age appropriate CF. In‐depth interviews with caregivers were conducted on three occasions (day 0, 5, and 10). MMP use was high regardless of caste, religion or age of child (100% tried product at least once, 84% had complete compliance). Caregivers reported overall ease of use of product and agreed there was a need for MMPs in the community. Caregiver's perceptions of MMPs were generally favorable and many even reported improved child appetite, CF practices and well‐being of the children. Two households felt MMP causes loose stools and reported negative experiences. Potential barriers identified were misconceptions that MMP would have immediate benefits in reducing illness. Formative research informed the development of locally appropriate visual aids/counseling materials. MMPs integrated with CF counseling are a promising locally acceptable intervention to improve child nutrition in Bihar.Funding provided by a BMGF grant through a subcontract with CARE‐India.
Validation of the Dietary Inflammatory Index in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Tabung Fred , Steck S E , Ma Y , Ockene J K , Shivappa N , Hurley T , Liese A D , Zhang J , Shikany J M , Park H L , Millen A E , Martin L W , Jiao Li , Hou L , Agalliu I , Hingle M , Liu S , Rosal M C , Hebert J R 
Published: June 2021

We previously developed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) from extensive literature review to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. The purpose of this study was to validate the novel DII based on responses to a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using data from three 24‐hour dietary recalls (24HR), as well as inflammation biomarkers in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Two separate DII scores were calculated: one from three 24HR and another from an FFQ (n=461). Pearson correlation and cross‐classification of quintiles were used to compare the 24HR‐ with the FFQ‐derived DII. In a separate analysis of baseline data (n= 2899), the FFQ‐derived DII was used to predict plasma levels of hs‐CRP, IL‐6, and TNFα‐R2 using multiple linear regression models.The correlation coefficient between the FFQ‐ and 24HR‐derived DII was 0.64 (95%CI 0.58, 0.69). The FFQ‐derived DII was positively associated with hs‐CRP (β=1.02, P=0.03) in all race/ethnicities; IL‐6 in African Americans (β=1.10 P<0.0001) and European Americans (EA) (β=1.07 P=0.002); and TNFα‐R2 in EA (β=76.09 P=0.001).The FFQ‐derived DII appears to provide valid estimates of the inflammatory potential of diet. The DII represents a new tool for assessing the relationship between diet and chronic diseases such as cancer.Funding: The WHI was funded by the NHLBI and Dr. Hebert by the NCI (K05 CA136975).
Dietary patterns of Korean older adults and cognitive function
Authors: Kim Jihye , Yu Areum , Choi Bo Youl , Nam Jung Hyun , Kim Mi Kyung , Oh Dong Hoon , Yang Yoon Jung 
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function in Korean older adults. The subjects were 808 older adults participating in the Yangpyeong Cohort Study between July 2009 and August 2010. Dietary intake was estimated by using a 106‐items food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE‐KC). Factor analysis using the principal component analysis method was applied to identify major dietary patterns. Four major dietary patterns were derived: 1) vegetables, seaweeds, fruits, mushroom, potatoes, fish, seafood, nuts, and green tea (healthy pattern without dairy foods); 2) meat, chicken, eggs, bread, flour based food, and coffee (western pattern); 3) dairy foods, soybean milk, seafood, fruits, mushroom, and snack (healthy pattern with dairy foods); 4) white rice (white rice pattern). Healthy pattern with dairy foods was inversely related to the risk of cognitive impairment after adjusting for confounders (4th v. 1st quartile, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.87, P for trend=0.010). White rice pattern was positively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment after adjusting for confounders (4th v. 1st quartile, OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.37–3.33, P for trend=0.011). This study suggests that a healthy diet with dairy foods may have a beneficial effect on preventing or postponing cognitive impairment. Whereas, eating mainly white rice without other balanced side dishes may increase the risk of cognitive impairment.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012R1A1A1041792).
The prevalence of bifid tongue congenital anomaly in riverine areas of south east Nigerian population
Authors: Ihentuge Churchill Jonadab , Ugochukwu Chioma Olejuru 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVETo determine the occurrence of bifid tongue congenital anomaly in riverine areas of south east Nigerian populationMATERIAL AND METHODOne thousand six hundred and forty (1640) newborn babies delivered in selected hospitals, health centers, maternity homes and traditional birth homes between November 2009 and October 2012 were used as sample population for this study. 840 were females and 800 males. The subjects were carefully examined within the first week of delivery for bifid tongue congenital anomaly. Consent was also obtained from the subjects mothers and the ethical clearance for the use of human subjects for experimental purpose was also obtained from ethical committee of Imo State University Nigeria.RESULTSThe result showed that out of the one thousand six hundred and forty (1640) babies examined, sixteen (16) subjects were found with congenital anomalies. The anterior bifid tongue had a prevalence of 0.07% of the studied population and 6.25% of those with congenital lesions.CONCLUSIONThe present study shows that bifid tongue is a very rare congenital anomaly with a prevalence of 0.07%. The maternal health status and familiar history were not contributory to the results of this study but environmental factor may play important role in the etiology which is in support of previous findings. It is therefore imperative that further studies should be conducted to identify the environmental factors that are contributory to the frequency of bifid tongue congenital anomaly.
CD44/CD24 expression on salivary glands malignant neoplasms (SGMN)
Authors: Soave Danilo Figueiredo , Costa João Paulo Oliveira , Silveira Giorgia Gobbi , Ianez Renata Carolina Fraga , Oliveira Lucinei Roberto , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Silva Alfredo Ribeiro 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCD44 is the binding site for hyaluronic acid, and CD24 is a receptor that interacts with P‐selectin to induce tumor progression. Present study aims to evaluate CD44/CD24 expression on SGMNs and correlated these data with clinicopathologic features.MethodsImmunohistochemical stains for CD44/CD24 were performed on 69 SGMN samples. CD44/CD24 expression was correlated to patient clinicopathologic features and outcome.ResultsCD44 expression was associated with the primary site of neoplasm (p=0.046). CD24 was associated with clinical stage III/IV (p=0.008), T stage (p=0,27) and lymph node (p=0,001). The CD44/CD24 profiles were associated with the primary site of injury (p=0.005), lymph node (p=0.011) and T stage (p=0.023).Conclusionin summary, we have presented some evidence that the analysis of CD44/CD24 expression could give prognostic information associated to clinicopathologic features in SGMN.
Asymptomatic African Americans with high‐risk APOL1 genotypes have reduced urinary angiogenesis‐promoting cytokines
Authors: Gutierrez Jean Lorraine , Many Gina , Panchapakesan Karuna , Brown Kristy J , Hathout Yetrib , Marathi Ramya , Devaney Joseph , Hoffman Eric P 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAfrican Americans (AA) having two high‐risk APOL1 alleles, termed G1 and G2, are about 7 times more likely to develop non‐diabetic kidney diseases, and ApoL1 is differentially expressed in glomerular arterial compartments in those with overt kidney disease.ObjectiveTo compare angiogenic cytokines in the urine of young, asymptomatic AA with high‐risk for CKD (G1 homozygotes) to lower‐risk AA (non‐carriers and heterozygotes).MethodsThirty‐seven previously genotyped participants (5 G1 homozygotes, 20 WT homozygotes, and 12 heterozygotes) donated mid‐stream, first morning urine samples. Cytokine concentrations in unprocessed urine samples were analyzed with Milliplex Human Cytokine/Chemokine Panel bead assay. Urine cytokine concentrations were standardized to urinary creatinine, and the two risk groups were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U Test (SPSS Version 21).ResultsConcentrations of the following angiogenic cytokines were significantly lower in high‐risk G1 homozygotes: TGF‐α (P=0.004), PDGF‐AA (P=0.016), IL‐1‐alpha (P=0.032), VEGF (P=0.036).ConclusionsThis pilot data indicates that young, asymptomatic African Americans with high‐risk APOL1 genotypes may have impaired angiogenesis. These results are consistent with prior evidence indicating that vascular disease may underlie ApoL1‐associated kidney diseases. This study was funded by a CTSA pilot award.
The Best Way to Improve HDL is to Lower LDL Levels.
Authors: Vakili Ladan , Khany Mitra , Karimi Nika , Vazirian Samra , Gapele Ania 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAnalyses of HDL function.IntroductionPopulation studies have shown that plasma levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein) inversely correlate with the prevalence of coronary heart disease. Plasma HDL cholesterol levels in an individual however, does not necessarily correlate with the risk for coronary heart disease. Many patients with high HDL, present with coronary events and many individuals with low HDL cholesterol do not develop coronary complications. Our group previously demonstrated that HDL composition and function could be more important than HDL cholesterol levels. Under excessive inflammatory pressure unsaturated fatty acids in HDL can undergo oxidative modification. Protective enzymes including paraoxonase, LCAT and PLTP can be inactivated by oxidative modification reducing HDL's anti inflammatory properties. This results in HDL not being able to protect LDL from oxidative modification.MethodsFasting plasma from patients with documented coronary disease were analyzed for their ability to prevent LDL modification.ResultsWe demonstrated that among coronary patients over 69 per cent had non protective HDL while among healthy controls 4.5 per cent had dysfunctional HDL.ConclusionWhile there are effective medications for lowering LDL cholesterol (namely statins) there are few or no satisfactory drugs for raising HDL levels.
Patchouli Alcohol Possesses Anti‐Inflammatory Activity in RAW264.7 and HT‐29 cells
Authors: Jeong Jin Boo , Shin Yong Kyu , Lee Seong‐Ho 
Published: June 2021

Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a chemical compound found in essential oil of patchouli which belongs to the genus Pogostemon, herb of mint family. Although it has been reported that PA suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators, the biological mechanisms of PA for anti‐inflammatory activities have not been studied. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether PA decreases the production of inflammatory mediators through downregulation of the NF‐¥êB and ERK pathway. Our data indicated that PA inhibits the expression of iNOS and IL‐6 in protein and mRNA levels in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 and TNF‐¥á stimulated HT‐29 cells. PA reduced I¥êB‐¥á degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, and subsequently suppressed transcriptional activity of NF‐¥êB in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 and TNF‐¥á‐stimulated HT‐29 cells. In addition, PA ameliorated LPS‐ or TNF‐¥á‐stimulated ERK1/2 activation. These findings suggest that PA possesses anti‐inflammatory activities through suppressing ERK‐mediated NF‐¥êB pathway in mouse macrophage and human colorectal cancer cells.This work was supported by start‐up funds to S.‐H. Lee from University of Maryland and in part by RSG‐11–133‐01‐CCE to S.‐H. Lee from American Cancer Society.
PALMITOYLATION OF G‐PROTEIN ALPHAQ IN HYPOXIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Sikarwar Anurag Singh , Hinton Martha , Dakshinamurti Shyamala 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionHyperreactivity of thromboxane prostanoind receptor (TP) is a major contributor to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We previously reported that in hypoxic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) TP couples mainly with G‐protein alphaq (Gαq), which undergoes palmitoylation. Palmitoylation is a dynamic, reversible post‐translational modification of the N‐terminal cysteine residues of Gαq, which is required for efficient receptor‐Gαq interaction.ObjectiveTo study the role of Gαq palmitoylation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.MethodsPPHN was induced in newborn piglets by exposure to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 0.10) for 72h; age‐matched normoxic piglets served as controls. Serum deprived primary cultured myocytes from newborn pig (day 0) were placed in hypoxic (10% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) environment for 72h. Palmitoylable cysteine to alanine mutants of Gαq were obtained commercially and transiently transfected in HEK293T cells stably expressing TP. Calcium mobilization to TP stimulation was studied by calcium indicator dyes in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Metabolic labeling of Gαq by 3H palmitic acid is currently pursued under hypoxia and normoxia.ResultsPretreatment with 2‐BrP decreased the maximum contractile response and calcium mobilization of hypoxic pulmonary artery rings and PASMCs respectively. 2‐BrP had minimal effect on rings and PASMCs from normoxic piglets.ConclusionsPalmitoylation of Gαq could play role in hypoxia‐induced hyperreactivity of TP.Funding:MHRC‐MICH Graduate studentship
THE EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (6%) IN GASTRIC MUCOSA â “ AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Paula Anabela Baptista Pereira , Dias Isabel , Ferreira Manuel , Cabrita AntÃ³nio , Carrilho Eunice 
Published: June 2021

The tooth whitening therapeutics can be performed at the clinic or ambulatory, with a greatest danger of eating the products of bleaching.This experimental study analysis the effect of these products on gastric mucosa with or without non‐tumor pathology. We used 50 mice Wistar‐Han. In periods II and III, which took place on 2nd and 3rd weeks, the animals in groups II, III, IV and V were subjected to induction protocol not gastric tumor by administering a chemical compound (50% ethanol), and/or administration of a 6% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent (Colgate®Visible White™), by gavage.From the data collected were made statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison of pairs of means over time in a study by a t Student test. It was also performed a frequency analysis of the results of macroscopic observation of the gastric mucosa (JMP Version 7, SAS Institute Inc., NC, USA).There was a decrease in body weight in animals of groups handled during the study period, which was most pronounced in groups IV and V‐A. Changes in the spleen weight relative to body weight revealed no statistically significant changes. The gastric mucosa revealed in all groups manipulated lesions, which were more frequent in groups III and IV.We can conclude that there seems to be some signs of toxicity in 3 to 4 days after administration of hydrogen peroxide 6%, and induction of gastric lesions and generalized moderate.
NO‐induced increases in cGMP and inhibition of NKCC2 activity are blunted in thick ascending limbs from angiotensin II‐hypertensive rats
Authors: Ramseyer Vanesa Daniela , Ortiz Pablo A , Garvin Jeffrey L 
Published: June 2021

Thick ascending limbs (THALs) absorb 25% of the filtered NaCl mainly via the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. Transport is enhanced in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension (AIH). NO inhibits NKCC2 activity via cGMP. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is increased by angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that inhibition of NKCC2 by NO is blunted in AIH due to increased PDE5 activity. Male rats were infused with vehicle (control) or 200 ng/kg/min angiotensin II for 5 days. THAL NKCC2 activity and cGMP levels were measured by fluorescence microscopy and radioimmunoassay respectively. 100 μM Spermine NONOate, a NO donor, reduced NKCC2 activity by 35% from 1.7 ± 0.3 to 1.1 ± 0.2 AU/s (p<0.01) in THALs from control but not AIH. NO increased cGMP in control THALs by 2.2 ± 0.4 fmol/μg protein but only by 1.2 ± 0.3 fmol/μg protein in THALs from AIH (p<0.04). Inhibiting PDE5 with 25 nM vardenafil (Vard) restored NO's ability to reduce NKCC2 activity in AIH (Vard: 1.2 ± 0.2; Vard + NO: 0.4 ± 0.1 AU/s, p<0.02). Vard also restored the ability of NO to increase cGMP in AIH (control: 2.1 ± 0.7; AIH: 2.2 ± 0.3 fmol/μg protein). 500 μM db‐cGMP reduced NKCC2 activity to the same extent in THALs from control and AIH suggesting the signaling cascade downstream of cGMP was not altered. We conclude that PDE5 blunts NO‐induced increases in cGMP and inhibition of NKCC2 activity in THALs from angiotensin II‐hypertensive rats.Sources of funding: NIH HL 028982 to J.L.G. and AHA 11PRE7510005 to V.D.R.
Vitamin D Status and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Evidence
Authors: Furlong Kayla , Omand Jessica , Pitino Michael , Science Michelle , O'Connor Deborah , Maguire Jonathon , Tran Dat 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVitamin D is postulated to have antimicrobial properties, reduce inflammation, and has been implicated in respiratory health. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) has been associated with risk and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in some, but not all, observational studies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CCTR, AMED, and LILACS (through August 1, 2014) to identify observational studies (with the exception of case reports). Odds ratios, dichotomizing serum 25(OH)D at 50 and 75 nmol/L, were pooled using generic inverse variance methods with random‐effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q and quantified by the I2 statistic. Subgroups included age, location of infection, and study design.ResultsWe included 19 studies (n = 44, 301) in one or more meta‐analyses. Serum 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/L were associated with an increased odds of RTIs (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.45‐4.76). Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect remained significant in children (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.31‐5.96), lower RTIs (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16‐3.55), and in case‐control studies (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.14‐4.45). Similar results were obtained when serum 25(OH)D was dichotomized at 75 nmol/L. Moderate heterogeneity was observed in all analyses (I2 蠅 42%).ConclusionsLow serum 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk of RTIs and remained significant in various subgroup analyses. Future studies are required to elucidate these subgroup effects.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Effects of Soy Products on Blood Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Benkhedda Karima , Boudrault Cynthia , Sinclair Susan , Marles Robin , Xiao Chaowu , Underhill Lynne 
Published: June 2021

A systematic review was undertaken to assess the evidence for effects of soy products on blood cholesterol. Peer‐reviewed studies were included if they described intervention or observational (cohort and nested case‐control) studies; included a non‐soy protein control; quantified soy protein intake; included generally healthy or mildly hypercholesterolemic adults (蠅18 y) not taking lipid level‐altering medications, not dieting; lasted 蠅 3 weeks; and reported changes in serum triglycerides, total, LDL‐, and/or HDL‐cholesterol.Significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels were observed with soy products vs. non‐soy control. Weighted mean differences for TC were ‐5.8 (95% confidence interval ‐8.1 to ‐3.1) mg/dL and for LDL‐C ‐5.8 (‐7.3 to ‐4.3) mg/dL, representing reductions of 2.6% and 4% for TC and LDL‐C, respectively. For TC, reduction was significantly greater in hypercholesterolemic (p<0.00001) than normocholesterolemic subjects (p=0.08). For LDL‐C, subgroup analyses showed that baseline cholesterol levels, source of soy protein, study design, gender, type of diet, pattern of consumption, quality of studies and balancing of caloric and macronutrient profiles between control and treatments groups had little influence on weighted mean differences and statistical significance.Scientific evidence supports a cholesterol‐lowering effect for foods containing soy protein with associated isoflavones. Epidemiological and intervention data suggest that for every 1% reduction in LDL‐C there is a corresponding 1‐2% reduction in cardiovascular events, making reduction of elevated LDL‐C a significant public health goal.