bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Negative Effect Factors of the Land Acquisition System for Profit-Oriented Enterprises in Order to Promote Economic Growth
Authors: Ohya Yuichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act of 1991 in Malaysia for economic growth has institutionally enabled arbitrary land acquisition. This paper reveals what is the fundamental determinant of the negative effects on the legal system concerning land acquisition for economic growth. As a result of this study consideration, the article of property rights within the limits of the law enables governments to have a broad discretionary power and liberalizes policies governments can implement. However, this study concludes policies that make light of personal assets will obstruct economic growth in the long run.
Eigenvalue Clusters of Large Tetradiagonal Toeplitz Matrices
Authors: Böttcher Albrecht , Gasca Juanita , Grudsky Sergei M. , Kozak Anatoli V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractToeplitz matrices are typically non-Hermitian and hence they evade the well-elaborated machinery one can employ in the Hermitian case. In a pioneering paper of 1960, Palle Schmidt and Frank Spitzer showed that the eigenvalues of large banded Toeplitz matrices cluster along a certain limiting set which is the union of finitely many closed analytic arcs. Finding this limiting set nevertheless remains a challenge. We here present an algorithm in the spirit of Richard Beam and Robert Warming that reduces testing $$O(N^2)$$

O
(

N
2

)

points in the plane for membership in the limiting set by testing only O(N) points along a one-dimensional curve. For tetradiagonal Toeplitz matrices, we describe all types of the limiting sets, we classify their exceptional points, and we establish asymptotic formulas for the analytic arcs near their endpoints.
Pseudospectrum Enclosures by Discretization
Authors: Frommer Andreas , Jacob Birgit , Vorberg Lukas , Wyss Christian , Zwaan Ian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new method to enclose the pseudospectrum via the numerical range of the inverse of a matrix or linear operator is presented. The method is applied to finite-dimensional discretizations of an operator on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, and convergence results for different approximation schemes are obtained, including finite element methods. We show that the pseudospectrum of the full operator is contained in an intersection of sets which are expressed in terms of the numerical ranges of shifted inverses of the approximating matrices. The results are illustrated by means of two examples: the advection–diffusion operator and the Hain–Lüst operator.
Relationship between door-to-embolization time and clinical outcomes after transarterial embolization in trauma patients with complex pelvic fracture
Authors: Kim Hohyun , Jeon Chang Ho , Kim Jae Hun , Kwon Hoon , Kim Chang Won , Kim Gil Hwan , Lee Chan Kyu , Lee Sang Bong , Jang Jae Hoon , Kim Seon Hee , Park Chan Yong , Yeom Seok Ran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
While transarterial embolization (TAE) is an effective way to control arterial bleeding associated with pelvic fracture, the clinical outcomes according to door-to-embolization (DTE) time are unclear. This study investigated how DTE time affects outcomes in patients with severe pelvic fracture.

Methods
Using a trauma database between November 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019, trauma patients undergoing TAE were retrospectively reviewed. The final study population included 192 patients treated with TAE. The relationships between DTE time and patients’ outcomes were evaluated. Multiple binomial logistic regression analyses, multiple linear regression analyses, and Cox hazard proportional regression analyses were performed to estimate the impacts of DTE time on clinical outcomes.

Results
The median DTE time was 150 min (interquartile range, 121–184). The mortality rates in the first 24 h and overall were 3.7% and 14.6%, respectively. DTE time served as an independent risk factor for mortality in the first 24 h (adjusted odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.34, p = 0.008). In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio of DTE time for mortality at 28 days was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.04–1.47, p = 0.014). In addition, there was a positive relationship between DTE time and requirement for packed red blood cell transfusion during the initial 24 h and a negative relationship between DTE time and ICU-free days to day 28.

Conclusion
Shorter DTE time was associated with better survival in the first 24 h, as well as other clinical outcomes, in patients with complex pelvic fracture who underwent TAE. Efforts to minimize DTE time are recommended to improve the clinical outcomes in patients with pelvic fracture treated with TAE.
Multi-omics-based prediction of hybrid performance in canola
Authors: Knoch Dominic , Werner Christian R. , Meyer Rhonda C. , Riewe David , Abbadi Amine , Lücke Sophie , Snowdon Rod J. , Altmann Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKey messageComplementing or replacing genetic markers with transcriptomic data and use of reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression based on Gaussian kernels increases hybrid prediction accuracies for complex agronomic traits in canola.In plant breeding, hybrids gained particular importance due to heterosis, the superior performance of offspring compared to their inbred parents. Since the development of new top performing hybrids requires labour-intensive and costly breeding programmes, including testing of large numbers of experimental hybrids, the prediction of hybrid performance is of utmost interest to plant breeders. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of hybrid prediction models in spring-type oilseed rape (Brassica napusL./canola) employing different omics profiles, individually and in combination. To this end, a population of 950 F1hybrids was evaluated for seed yield and six other agronomically relevant traits in commercial field trials at several locations throughout Europe. A subset of these hybrids was also evaluated in a climatized glasshouse regarding early biomass production. For each of the 477 parental rapeseed lines, 13,201 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 154 primary metabolites, and 19,479 transcripts were determined and used as predictive variables. Both, SNP markers and transcripts, effectively predict hybrid performance using (genomic) best linear unbiased prediction models (gBLUP). Compared to models using pure genetic markers, models incorporating transcriptome data resulted in significantly higher prediction accuracies for five out of seven agronomic traits, indicating that transcripts carry important information beyond genomic data. Notably, reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression based on Gaussian kernels significantly exceeded the predictive abilities of gBLUP models for six of the seven agronomic traits, demonstrating its potential for implementation in future canola breeding programmes.
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope is Strongly Correlated to VO2peak Long-Term After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Terol Espinosa de los Monteros Covadonga , Van der Palen Roel L. F. , Hazekamp Mark G. , Rammeloo Lukas , Jongbloed Monique R. M. , Blom Nico A. , Harkel Arend D. J. Ten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAfter the arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA), many patients have an impaired exercise tolerance. Exercise tolerance is determined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Unlike VO2peak, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) does not require a maximal effort for interpretation. The value of OUES has not been assessed in a large group of patients after ASO. The purpose of this study was to determine OUES and VO2peak, evaluate its interrelationship and assess whether exercise tolerance is related to ventricular function after ASO. A cardiopulmonary exercise testing, assessment of physical activity score and transthoracic echocardiography (fractional shortening and left/right ventricular global longitudinal peak strain) were performed to 48 patients after ASO. Median age at follow-up after ASO was 16.0 (IQR 13.0–18.0) years. Shortening fraction was normal (36 ± 6%). Left and right global longitudinal peak strain were reduced: 15.1 ± 2.4% and 19.5 ± 4.5%. This group of patients showed lower values for all cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters compared to the reference values: mean VO2peak% 75% (95% CI 72–77) and mean OUES% 82(95% CI 77–87); without significant differences between subtypes of TGA. A strong-to-excellent correlation between the VO2peak and OUES was found (absolute values: R = 0.90, p < 0.001; normalized values: R = 0.79, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between cardiopulmonary exercise testing results and left ventricle function parameters. In conclusion, OUES and VO2peak were lower in patients after ASO compared to reference values but are strongly correlated, making OUES a valuable tool to use in this patient group when maximal effort is not achievable.
Indian Ocean impact on ENSO evolution 2014–2016 in a set of seasonal forecasting experiments
Authors: Mayer Michael , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the anomalously warm Indian Ocean state on the unprecedentedly weak Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the unexpected evolution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 2014–2016. It uses 25-month-long coupled twin forecast experiments with modified Indian Ocean initial conditions sampling observed decadal variations. An unperturbed experiment initialized in Feb 2014 forecasts moderately warm ENSO conditions in year 1 and year 2 and an anomalously weak ITF throughout, which acts to keep tropical Pacific ocean heat content (OHC) anomalously high. Changing only the Indian Ocean to cooler 1997 conditions substantially alters the 2-year forecast of Tropical Pacific conditions. Differences include (i) increased probability of strong El Niño in 2014 and La Niña in 2015, (ii) significantly increased ITF transports and (iii), as a consequence, stronger Pacific ocean heat divergence and thus a reduction of Pacific OHC over the two years. The Indian Ocean’s impact in year 1 is via the atmospheric bridge arising from altered Indian Ocean Dipole conditions. Effects of altered ITF and associated ocean heat divergence (oceanic tunnel) become apparent by year 2, including modified ENSO probabilities and Tropical Pacific OHC. A mirrored twin experiment starting from unperturbed 1997 conditions and several sensitivity experiments corroborate these findings. This work demonstrates the importance of the Indian Ocean’s decadal variations on ENSO and highlights the previously underappreciated role of the oceanic tunnel. Results also indicate that, given the physical links between year-to-year ENSO variations, 2-year-long forecasts can provide additional guidance for interpretation of forecasted year-1 ENSO probabilities.
The subjective knee value is a valid single-item survey to assess knee function in common knee disorders
Authors: Plachel Fabian , Jung Tobias , Bartek Benjamin , Rüttershoff Katja , Perka Carsten , Gwinner Clemens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The patient’s perspective plays a key role in judging the effect of knee disorders on physical function. We have introduced the Subjective Knee Value (SKV) to simplify the evaluation of individual’s knee function by providing one simple question. The purpose of this prospective study was to validate the SKV with accepted multiple-item knee surveys across patients with orthopaedic knee disorders.

Materials and methods
Between January through March 2020, consecutive patients (n = 160; mean age 51 ± 18 years, range from 18 to 85 years, 54% women) attending the outpatient clinic for knee complaints caused by osteoarthritis (n = 69), meniscal lesion (n = 45), tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (n = 23) and focal chondral defect (n = 23) were invited to complete a knee-specific survey including the SKV along with the Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC-S). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate external validity between the SKV and each patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) separately. Furthermore, patient’s compliance was assessed by comparing responding rates.

Results
Overall, the SKV highly correlated with both the KOOS (R = 0.758, p < 0.05) and the IKDC-S (R = 0.802, p < 0.05). This was also demonstrated across all investigated diagnosis- and demographic-specific (gender, age) subgroups (range 0.509–0.936). No relevant floor/ceiling effects were noticed. The responding rate for the SKV (96%) was significantly higher when compared with those for the KOOS (81%) and the IKDC-S (83%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
At baseline, the SKV exhibits acceptable validity across all investigated knee-specific PROMs in a broad patient population with a wide array of knee disorders. The simplified survey format without compromising the precision to evaluate individual’s knee function justifies implementation in daily clinical practice.

Level of evidence
II, cohort study (diagnosis).
Part-time work and other occupational risk factors for suicide among working women in the Swiss National Cohort
Authors: Wild Pascal , Bovio Nicolas , Guseva Canu Irina ,   for the Swiss National Cohort, Egger Matthias , Spörri Adrian , Zwahlen Marcel , Puhan Milo , Bopp Matthias , Röösli Martin , Oris Michel , Bochud Murielle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the factors associated with mortality by suicide among working women focusing on work-related factors.

Methods
The study population consisted in all Swiss residents recorded in the 1990 and/or the 2000 compulsory national censuses and were linked to emigration and mortality registers. We selected all women aged 18–65 and at work at the official census dates. Following work-related variables were available: socio-economic status, weekly hours of work, the sector of activity and the job title coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). The risk of suicide was modelled using negative binomial regression.

Results
The cohort comprised 1,771,940 women and 2526 deaths by suicide corresponding to 24.9 million person-years. The most significant non-occupational predictors of suicide were age, period, civil status, religion, nationality and geographical regions. Adjusted on these factors, part-time work was associated with increased suicide rates. According to job codes, health and social activities, in particular care-worker had the highest suicide risks.

Conclusion
Suicide among working women depended on work-related factors even taking into account other socio-demographic factors.
Shorter sleep duration is associated with potential risks for overwork-related death among Japanese truck drivers: use of the Karoshi prodromes from worker’s compensation cases
Authors: Kubo Tomohide , Matsumoto Shun , Sasaki Takeshi , Ikeda Hiroki , Izawa Shuhei , Takahashi Masaya , Koda Shigeki , Sasaki Tsukasa , Sakai Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to cross-sectionally investigate how work and sleep conditions could be associated with excessive fatigue symptoms as an early sign of Karoshi (overwork-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases; CCVDs).

Methods
We distributed a questionnaire regarding work, sleep, and excessive fatigue symptoms to 5410 truck drivers, as the riskiest occupation for overwork-related CCVDs, and collected 1992 total samples (response rate: 36.8%). The research team collected 1564 investigation reports required for compensation for Karoshi. Of them, 190 reports listed the prodromes of Karoshi, which were used to develop the new excessive fatigue symptoms inventory.

Results
One-way analyses of variance showed that the excessive fatigue symptoms differed significantly by monthly overtime hours (p < 0.001), daily working time (p < 0.001), work schedule (p = 0.025), waiting time on-site (p = 0.049), number of night shifts (p = 0.011), and sleep duration on workdays (p < 0.001). Multivariate mixed-model regression analyses revealed shorter sleep duration as the most effective parameter for predicting excessive fatigue symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that the occurrences of CCVDs were significantly higher in the middle [adjusted ORs = 3.56 (1.28–9.94)] and high-score groups [3.55 (1.24–10.21)] than in the low-score group.

Conclusion
The findings suggested that shorter sleep duration was associated more closely with a marked increase in fatigue, as compared with the other work and sleep factors. Hence, ensuring sleep opportunities could be targeted for reducing the potential risks of Karoshi among truck drivers.
Are sesquiterpene lactones the elusive KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 ligand?
Authors: Rahimi Mehran , Bouwmeester Harro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMain conclusionThe sunflower sesquiterpene lactones 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin can bind to the hydrophobic pocket of sunflower KAI2 with an affinity much higher than for the exogenous ligand KAR.AbstractSesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are secondary plant metabolites with a wide range of biological, such as anti-microbial, activities. Intriguingly, the STLs have also been implicated in plant development: in several Asteraceae, STL levels correlate with the photo-inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Although this effect was suggested to be due to auxin transport inhibition, there is no structural–functional evidence for this claim. Intriguingly, the light-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis has been ascribed to HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT/KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (HTL/KAI2) signaling. KAI2 was discovered because of its affinity to the smoke-derived karrikin (KAR), though it is generally assumed that KAI2 has another, endogenous but so far elusive, ligand rather than the exogenous KARs. Here, we postulate that the effect of STLs on hypocotyl elongation is mediated through KAI2 signaling. To support this hypothesis, we have generated homology models of the sunflower KAI2s (HaKAI2s) and used them for molecular docking studies with STLs. Our results show that particularly two sunflower STLs, 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin, can bind to the hydrophobic pockets of HaKAI2s with high affinity. Our results are in line with a recent study, showing that these two STLs accumulate in the light-exposed hypocotyls of sunflower. This finding sheds light on the effect of STLs in hypocotyl elongation that has been reported for many decades but without conclusive insight in the elusive mechanism underlying this effect.
The impact of social anxiety on feedback-based go and nogo learning
Authors: Peterburs Jutta , Albrecht Christine , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe term “Pavlovian” bias describes the phenomenon that learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse. The present study investigated the interplay between this learning bias and individual levels of social anxiety. Since avoidance behavior is a hallmark feature of social anxiety and high levels of social anxiety have been associated with better learning from negative feedback, it is conceivable that the Pavlovian bias is altered in individuals with high social anxiety, with a strong tendency to avoid negative feedback, especially (but not only) in a nogo context. In addition, learning may be modulated by the individual propensity to learn from positive or negative feedback, which can be assessed as a trait-like feature. A sample of 84 healthy university students completed an orthogonalized go/nogo task that decoupled action type (go/nogo) and outcome valence (win/avoid) and a probabilistic selection task based upon which the individual propensity to learn from positive and negative feedback was determined. Self-reported social anxiety and learning propensity were used as predictors in linear mixed-effect model analysis of performance accuracy in the go/nogo task. Results revealed that high socially anxious subjects with a propensity to learn better from negative feedback showed particularly pronounced learning for nogo to avoid while lacking significant learning for nogo to win as well as go to avoid. This result pattern suggests that high levels of social anxiety in concert with negative learning propensity hamper the overcoming of Pavlovian bias in a win context while facilitating response inhibition in an avoidance context. The present data confirm the robust Pavlovian bias in feedback-based learning and add to a growing body of evidence for modulation of feedback learning by individual factors, such as personality traits. Specifically, results show that social anxiety is associated with altered Pavlovian bias, and might suggest that this effect could be driven by altered basal ganglia function primarily affecting the nogo pathway.
The first 8 weeks of the Austrian SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Authors: Nagel Anna , Łaszewska Agata , Haidinger Gerald , Simon Judit 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) reached Austria in February 2020. This study aims to describe the first 8 weeks of the Austrian epidemic and reflect on the potential mental health consequences as known at that time.

Methods
Data on Austrian Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) epidemiological indicators and number of tests were obtained from official registers. Relative risks (RRs) of infection and death from COVID-19 were calculated for sex and age groups (< 65 years and ≥ 65 years). Public health measures introduced to reduce the spread of COVID-19 were identified via online media research. A rapid review of initial evidence on mental health consequences of the pandemic was performed in PubMed and medRxiv.

Results
By 21 April 2020 the case count in Austria was 14,810 after a peak of new daily infections mid-March. The RR of death for age ≥ 65 years was 80.07 (95% confidence interval, CI 52.64–121.80; p < 0.0001) compared to those aged < 65 years. In men the RR of death was 1.44 (95% CI 1.20–1.73; p < 0.0001) compared to women. Wide-ranging public health measures included avoidance of case importation, limitation of social contacts, hygiene measures, testing, case tracking, and the call for COVID-19-related research. International rates of psychiatric symptoms during the initial lockdowns exceeded typical levels: anxiety (6%–51%), depression (17%–48%) and posttraumatic stress (5%–54%).

Conclusion
Data show great vulnerability of older people also in Austria. Severe mental health impacts can be expected with need for proper assessment of the long-term consequences of this pandemic.