bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization Control of the Hydro-turbine Generator Unit
Authors: Shi Yousong , Zhou Jianzhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS) and shafting system are mutually coupled. However, the interaction between them has always been neglected. This paper aims to explore the stability and sensitivity of the governor control parameters to the HTGS and shafting system and make the optimal control of the stable operation for the hydro-turbine generator unit(HTGU). First, a novel HTGU motion equation is proposed, which can make connections between the HTGS and the shafting system of the HTGU. And on this basis, the nonlinear coupling mathematical model of the HTGS and the shafting system is established. According to the nonlinear mathematical model, the sensitivity of the governor control parameters on the operating stability of the HTGU is obtained. Then, a multi-objective governor control parameters optimization strategy is proposed. Furthermore, the chaotic-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEAD) were introduced to obtain the optimal control parameter and mutually verify the effectiveness of the optimization effect. Finally, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of HTGU under optimal control were revealed. The simulation results show that the rotation speed deviation and shafting system vibrations are sensitive on the PID parameters in some ranges and the stable region will be decreased when considering the shafting system vibrations. The multi-objective PID parameter optimization strategy shows good control performance on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the HTGU. The shafting system vibrations excited by the coupled vibration sources are quasi-period in 3D space. In addition to this, these results and the optimization strategy can provide some bases for the design and stable operation of the HTGU.
Asymmetric Impact of Energy Utilization and Economic Development on Environmental Degradation in Somalia
Authors: Warsame Abdimalik Ali , Sarkodie Samuel Asumadu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While there are enormous studies on climate change in stable countries, climate policy perspectives from conflict-prone regions including Somalia are limited. This study investigates the asymmetric impact of energy and economic growth on environmental degradation in Somalia—by employing nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) and causal techniques from 1985 to 2017. We find asymmetric long-term cointegration among the variables, whereas energy consumption and economic growth asymmetrically affect environmental degradation. Besides, the causal inferences reveal unidirectional causality from environmental pollution to positive change in energy consumption. Additionally, we find unidirectional causality from negative shock in economic growth to positive shock in economic growth. Moreover, a bidirectional causality is observed between population growth and negative change in economic growth. A unidirectional causality is confirmed from positive shock in economic growth to population growth—from negative change in economic growth to negative shock in energy consumption—from positive change in economic growth to positive shock in energy consumption—and negative change in energy consumption to population growth. This calls for the implementation of clean energy investment policies, good farming methods, and improved grazing land policies. The adoption of these policies will improve both environmental quality and sustained economic development.
Comsolic solution of an elliptic cylindrical compressible fluid flow
Authors: Hussain Azad , Hassan Ali , Arshad Mubahar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present study, viscous compressible flow with heat transfer effects in high permeable elliptical cylinder is investigated. Flow is kept laminar through Reynolds number at about 100. The heat transfer in fluids physics has been chosen to couple with laminar flow. The time dependent outcomes of surface velocity, pressure distribution, temperature distribution, isothermal contour profiles and drag coefficient are discussed in results. The mesh created through COMSOL has been described statistically. This mathematical modeling of stated problem is done in COMSOL Multi-physics. The results will help greatly to understand characterizations of viscous fluids.
Analysis of a Tunable CMOS-compatible Multilayer Waveguide Structure for Dual Polarizer-modulator Operation
Authors: Santos Renan Silva , Martinez Maria A. G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A multilayer structure using graphene on a silicon waveguide is introduced and optimized to operate as a tunable TE-pass polarizer at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, a tunable TE/TM modulator at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, and a dual operation as a modulator at 1310 nm and a polarizer at 1550 nm. The analysis is based on the waveguide structure modal loss, the 2D graphene layer optical properties and its dependency on the applied chemical potential. The optimization is done by varying waveguide height and choosing the one with best figures of merit for each individual case and for the dual operation, the value that causes the least impairment overall is chosen. The polarizer tunability at 1310 nm or 1550 nm is attainable setting the applied chemical potential range from 0.55–0.65 eV or 0.45–0.55 eV, respectively. For the modulator tunability at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, the applied chemical potential range from 0.45–0.55 eV or 0.35–0.45 eV, respectively. The optimized waveguide silicon layer around 210 nm guarantees an extinction ratio better than 0.056 dB/µm for the polarizer and better than 0.045/0.133 dB/µm for the TE/TM modulator at 1310 nm, and better than 0.034 dB/µm for polarizer and better than 0.053/0.137 dB/µm for TE/TM modulator at 1550 nm. Further, the setting the chemical potential range at 0.45–0.55 eV, allows dual polarizer-modulator operation, with the modulator operating at 1310 nm and the polarizer operating at 1550 nm, presenting an extinction ratio better than 0.045 dB/µm and 0.034 dB/µm respectively. In all situations analyzed, insertion loss is lower than 0.007 dB/µm. The advantage of the structure in comparison with other similar devices relies in its versatility to operate as both modulator and polarizer, in different wavelengths, via a proper choosing of the applied chemical potential.
Structural, Morphological and Optical Bandgap Analysis of Multifunction Applications of Y2O3 -ZnO Nanocomposites : Varistors and Visible Photocatalytic Degradations of Wastewater
Authors: AlAbdulaal T.H , AlShadidi Manal , Hussien Mai , Vanga Ganesh , Bouzidi Abdel-Fatah , Rafique Saqib , Algarni Hamed , Zahran Heba , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Shaaban , Yahia Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a combustion method as an efficient, easy, low-cost, and eco-friendly technique was used to synthesize nano-ZnO as a matrix with different yttrium doping ratios with different doping concentrations. Not only X-ray diffraction (XRD), but also scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique employed to characterize the structural and surface morphology of the Y2O3-ZnO nanocomposites. The obtained results supported ZnO's growth from crystalline to satisfactory nanoparticle structure by changing the yttrium doping concentrations inside ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, AC electrical conductivity, and current-voltage characteristics were considered to characterize the effects of yttrium doping on the energy bandgaps and electrical/dielectric properties and discussed the parameters of the ceramic varistors of the studied Y2O3-ZnO nano-complex oxides. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of phenol, Methylene Blue, and Rhodamine B was investigated using all prepared Y2O3-ZnO nanostructured samples. As the yttrium doping ratios increased, the photocatalytic efficiency increased. After the addition of moderate Y3+ ions-doping, Further generation of hydroxyl radicals over ZnO. For Y2O3-ZnO (S5), the optimal photocatalyst is a degradation of 100 % of phenol, Methylene Blue, and Rhodamine B solutions compared to 80% of photocatalysis for ZnO stand alone. The prepared Y2O3-ZnO nanostructured materials are considered novel potential candidates in broad nano-applications ranging from biomedical and photocatalytic degradation for organic dyes and phenol to environmental and varistor applications.
Factors That Affect Recovery of Spontaneous Circulation by Patients With Cardiac Arrest Before Arrival at a Hospital in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun-Ok , Han Seungwoo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) in patients who suffered cardiac arrest before arriving at the emergency room in DMC, Korea. MethodsThis study considered data for cardiac arrest patients by 119 paramedics from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 in Daegu. Chi-squared analysis was conducted to analyze whether the subjects showed ROSC before arriving at the emergency room. Binary logic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that affect ROSC. ResultsROSC when a mechanical compression device was used was reduced to 0.82 of that when it was not used (95% CI = 0.60 ~ 0.92). ROSC was 3.13 times higher when a first-aid defibrillator was used than when it was not used (95% CI = 1.40 ~ 6.99). ROSC was 657 times higher when epinephrine was injected than when it was not injected. Lastly, ROSC was 1.82 (95% CI = 1.04 ~ 3.19) times higher when intubation was used than when it was not used. ConclusionThis study suggests that continuous CPR education, securing financial support, and expansion of emergency rooms for local residents are necessary.
Mining and predictive characterization for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth) using two subsets of barley genetic resources
Authors: Amouzoune Mariam , Amri Ahmed , Benkirane Rachid , Kehel Zakaria , Al-Jaboobi Muamer , Moulakat Adil , Abderrazek Jilal , Rehman Sajid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sustainable barley production will require access to diverse ex-situ conserved collections to develop varieties with high yields and capable of overcoming the challenges imposed by major abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed at searching efficient approaches for the identification of new sources of resistance to barley leaf rust (LR). Two subsets, Generation Challenge Program Reference set (GCP) with 190 accessions and leaf rust subset constructed using the filtering approach of the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) with 100 accessions, were evaluated for the seedling as well as the adult plant stage resistance (APR) using two LR isolates (ISO-SAT and ISO-MRC) and in four environments in Morocco, respectively. Both subsets yielded a high percent of accessions with a moderately resistant (MR) reaction to the two LR isolates at the seedling stage. For APR, more than 50% of the accessions showed resistant reactions in SAT2018 and GCH2018, while this rate was less than 20% in SAT2017 and SAT2019. Statistical analysis using chi-square test of independence revealed the dependency of LR reaction on subsets at the seedling (ISO-MRC), as well as at the APR (SAT2017 and SAT2018) stage. Furthermore, the test of goodness of fit showed that FIGS_LR yielded higher percentages of resistant accessions than GCP subset in case of ISO-MRC at the seedling stage, and in case of SAT2017 and SAT2018 at APR stage. Although some of the tested machine learning models had moderate to high accuracies, none of them was able to find a strong and significant relationship between the reaction to LR and the environmental conditions showing the needs for more fine tuning of approaches for efficient mining of genetic resources using machine learning.
Electronic Properties of Multi-Ablooms Flower-Like Quantum Dots: a 2- D Finite Element Study
Authors: ghorbani mehrzad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the electronic properties of two dimensional multi-abloom nanoflower. Also, we approximated a typical form of the Schrödinger equation through an appropriate 2-D finite element approach, and then, we have investigated the effects of different parameters such as number of ablooms, number of rose, variety geometric domain shape and systems size on the energy levels, eigenfunctions, and dipole matrix elements.
Fe induced a dynamic and biased allocation of material flux within terpenoid metabolism is controlled by CbNudix in Conyza blinii
Authors: Zheng Tianrun , Zhan Junyi , Wang Maojia , Sun Wenjun , Yan Jun , Shan Zhi , Chen Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Conyza Blinii (C. blinii) is a unique traditional Chinese medicine growing in Sichuan, China, which has soils with an abundant iron content. This Fe enrichment environment contributed to a variety of terpenoids of C. blinii, blinin and saponin which can play an important role in the process of resisting abiotic stress. The relationship between Fe and terpenoid metabolism was studied to explore Fe tolerance mechanism of C. blinii. In this study, C. blinii was treated with ferrous iron solutions, and the effect of ferrous iron on the synthesis of blinin and saponins was further studied by spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography. Also, gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Under ferrous treatment, the blinin content of C. blinii increased, while the total saponin content decreased. When the ferrous concentration reached 200 μM, the difference in metabolite production was the largest. Furthermore, it was found that blinin and saponin have synchronous and opposite accumulation trends, accompanied by time dependence. The genes expression results of key enzyme in the MVA and MEP pathways showed the same trends. In this process, the expression of CbNudixs played a key role to switch the material flux between MVA and MEP, via catalyzed the dephosphorylation of isoprenoid diphosphate. This study explored the effect of ferrous iron on the saponin and blinin synthesis of C. blinii and found the unique role of CbNudixs in regulating material flux between diterpene and triterpene synthesis, which greatly deepened our understanding of the mechanism of Fe tolerance of C. blinii.
Applying the RE-AIM implementation framework to evaluate fall prevention interventions in community dwelling adults with cognitive impairment: A review&nbsp;
Authors: Racey Megan , Markle-Reid Maureen , Fitzpatrick-Lewis Donna , Usman Muhammad Ali , Gagne Helene , Hunter Susan , Ploeg Jenny , Sztramko Richard , Harrison Lisa , Lewis Ruth , Jovkovic Milos , Sherifali Diana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a risk factor for falls due to environmental or living settings, balance, gait and vision impairments, as well as medications. While previous systematic reviews have focused on the effectiveness of fall prevention programs in adults with cognitive impairment (1-4), but very limited information is available on their implementation. This review examines what aspects of fall prevention interventions for community-dwelling adults with CI have been reported using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to support successful implementation.Methods: We examined the included studies from our systematic review, which searched 7 databases for fall prevention interventions involving community-dwelling adults ≥50 years with mild to moderate CI. Reviewers screened citations and extracted data for study characteristics and the 5 dimensions (62 criteria) of the RE-AIM framework.Results: 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consisting of 8 exercise interventions, 3 multifactorial interventions, and 1 medication treatment were included in the review. Only 4 of 62 criteria were reported by all 12 included studies and 29 criteria were not reported by any of the studies. Five of the included studies reported on 20 or more of the 62 possible RE-AIM criteria and three of these studies were ones that self-identified as “feasibility” studies. While Reach was the best-reported construct by the included studies, followed by Effectiveness and Implementation, the criteria within the Adoption and Maintenance constructs were rarely mentioned by these studies. In general, there was also wide variation in how each of the criteria were reported on by study authorsConclusion: Based on the reporting of RE-AIM components in this review, we are unable to make connections to successful intervention components and thus practice-based recommendations for fall prevention in those with CI. The lack of detail regarding implementation approaches greatly limits the interpretation and comparisons across studies to fully understand inform future research efforts.
Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index: A Precise Non-invasive Tool for Evaluation of Edema in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome.
Authors: El-Halaby Hanan , Bakr Ashraf , El-Assmy Mohamed , Abdalla Hussein Abdelaziz , Salem Marwa , Eid Riham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Evaluating the volume status in children with Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is mandatory to guide treatment and avoid unnecessary possibly hazardous albumin use. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the available tools used for volume status assessment and differentiating type of edema in children with INS. Sixty children with active INS were included and subdivided into hypovolemic and non-hypovolemic groups based on fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa%) and clinical assessment. All patients were studied for Inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration and Body composition monitor (BCM). Forty-four patients (77.3%) had non-hypovolemic and 16 (26.7%) had hypovolemic states. Plasma ANP levels didn’t differ between hypovolemic and non-hypovolemic subgroups. IVCCI was higher in hypovolemic group (p<0.001) with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 81.8% for hypovolemia detection while BCM-over hydration (BCM-OH) values were higher in non-hypovolemic group (p=0.04) with sensitivity= 68.2% and specificity =75% for detection of hypervolemia. FeNa% showed negative significant correlation with IVCCI (r= -0.578, p <0.001) and positive significant correlation with BCM-OH (r= 0.33, p=0.018), while FeNa% showed non-significant correlation to plasma ANP concentration (p=0.25). Conclusion: Non-hypovolemic edema is more frequent in edematous INS children than hypovolemic states. IVCCI is a reliable non-invasive bedside tool for evaluating volume status in INS children and is superior to BCM while plasma ANP levels can’t discriminate type of edema in INS.
A Mixed-Method Service Evaluation of Health Information Exchange in England: Technology Acceptance and Barriers and Facilitators to Adoption
Authors: Watkinson Fiona , Dharmayat Kanika , Mastellos Nikolaos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The need for information exchange and integrated care has stimulated the development of interoperability solutions that bring together patient data across the health and care system to enable effective information sharing. Health Information Exchange (HIE) solutions have been shown to be effective in supporting patient care, however, user adoption often varies among users and care settings. This service evaluation aimed to measure user acceptance of HIE and explore barriers and facilitators to its wider uptake.Methods: A mixed-method study design was used. A questionnaire was developed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and administered to HIE users to assess technology acceptance. Pearson Chi2 tests were used to examine differences in acceptance between user groups and care settings. Web-based, semi-structured interviews were conducted drawing on the Normalisation Process Theory to explore barriers and facilitators to adoption. Interview data were analysed thematically using the Framework Approach.Results: A total of 105 HIE users completed the survey and another 12 participated in the interviews. Significant differences were found in HIE acceptance between users groups and care settings, with high adopters demonstrating higher acceptance and social care users showing lower acceptance. Participants identified several drivers to adoption, including increased information accessibility, better care coordination, informed decision-making, improved patient care, reduced duplication of procedures, and time and cost savings. However, they also highlighted a number of barriers, such as lack of awareness about the solution and its value, suboptimal communication strategies, inadequate training and lack of resources for knowledge dissemination, absence of champions to support the implementation, lack of end user involvement in the implementation and evaluation of HIE, unclear accountability and responsibility for the overall success of the programme, and patient confidentiality concerns.Conclusions: Working to better engage stakeholders, considering the needs of users from different care settings, providing users with training resources and support to increase their knowledge and confidence in using the system, developing implementation strategies to seek user feedback and monitor performance, and using communication strategies to increase awareness of the product and its value, can help improve uptake and adoption of HIE.
Operationalizing the distribution of oral HIV self-testing kits to men who have sex with men (MSM) in a highly homophobic environment: The Nigerian experience
Authors: Sekoni Adekemi , Tun Waimar , Dirisu Osasuyi , Ladi-Akinyemi Temitope , Shoyemi Elizabeth , Adebajo Sylvia , Ogunsola Folasade , Vu Lung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Self-care health interventions are innovative approaches for improving health and achieving the SDGs. MSM have been disproportionately affected by HIV. In spite of this, stigma from healthcare workers has reportedly prevented MSM from accessing HIV testing in health facilities. This paper explored the operationalization of using KOLs to distribute HIVST kits to MSM.Methods This qualitative survey used a combination of IDI with HIVST users and FGDs with KOLs to collect data three months after distribution of the test kits by the KOLs. Thematic analysis of the data was carried out.Results Three themes were generated namely: KOLs serve as a trusted resource to promote and support HIVST for the MSM community; Skills and qualifications of KOLs required to effectively distribute and promote uptake of HIVST; and Effective strategies used to create demand and promote uptake of HIVST.Conclusions This study showed the practical steps involved in operationalizing KOL support system distribution of HIVST that positively influenced the testing experience for the participants irrespective of the HIV status and engagement in care. KOLs are a reliable resource to leverage on for ensuring that HIV self-test is utilized and positive individuals are linked to treatment and care in homophobic environments.