bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Magnetic Field on Neutrino–Matter Interactions in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Kuroda Takami 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore the impact of a magnetic field on neutrino–matter interactions in core-collapse supernovae. We first derive the modified source terms for neutrino–nucleon scattering and neutrino absorption and emission processes in the moment formalism. Then, we perform full relativistic, three-dimensional, magnetorotational core-collapse supernova simulations of a

star with spectral neutrino transport. Our simulations self-consistently treat the parity-violation effects of weak interaction in the presence of an external magnetic field. The result shows significant global asymmetry, mostly confined in the proto-neutron star, clearly reflecting the magnetic field structure. The asymmetric property arises from two factors: the angle between the neutrino flux and magnetic field, and the term that is parallel to the magnetic field and is also proportional to the deviation of the distribution function of neutrinos from thermal equilibrium. The typical correction value amounts to ∼1% relative to the total neutrino–matter interaction rate for the magnetic field strength of

G. Although these asymmetric properties do not immediately affect the explosion dynamics, our results imply that they would be significant once the neutrinos diffuse out of the proto-neutron- star core carrying those asymmetries away. We also show that, during our simulation time of ∼370 ms after bounce, our results indicate that the correction value due to the modified inelastic scattering process dominates over that of the modified neutrino absorption and emission process.
Probing the Cosmic-Ray Density in the Inner Galaxy
Authors: Peron Giada , Aharonian Felix , Casanova Sabrina , Yang Ruizhi , Zanin Roberta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The galactic diffuse γ-ray emission, as seen by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), shows a sharp peak in the region around 4 kpc from the Galactic center, which can be interpreted either as due to an enhanced density of cosmic-ray accelerators or to a modification of the particle diffusion in that region. Observations of γ-rays originating in molecular clouds are a unique tool to infer the cosmic-ray density point by point, in distant regions of the Galaxy. We report here the analysis of 11 yr Fermi-LAT data, obtained in the direction of nine molecular clouds located in the 1.5–4.5 kpc region. The cosmic-ray density measured at the locations of these clouds is compatible with the locally measured one. We demonstrate that the cosmic-ray density gradient inferred from the diffuse gamma-ray emission is the result of the presence of cosmic-ray accelerators rather than a global change of the sea of Galactic cosmic rays due to their propagation.
Kinematic Analysis of a Protostellar Multiple System: Measuring the Protostar Masses and Assessing Gravitational Instability in the Disks of L1448 IRS3B and L1448 IRS3A
Authors: Reynolds Nickalas K. , Tobin John J. , Sheehan Patrick , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Li Zhi-Yun , Chandler Claire J. , Segura-Cox Dominique , Looney Leslie W. , Dunham Michael M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations toward a compact (∼230 au separation) triple protostar system, L1448 IRS3B, at 879 μm with 011 × 005 resolution. Spiral arm structure within the circum-multiple disk is well resolved in dust continuum toward IRS3B, and we detect the known wide (∼2300 au) companion, IRS3A, also resolving possible spiral substructure. Using dense gas tracers, C17O (J = 3

2), H13CO+ (J = 4

3), and H13CN (J = 4

3), we resolve the Keplerian rotation for both the circum-triple disk in IRS3B and the disk around IRS3A. Furthermore, we use the molecular line kinematic data and radiative transfer modeling of the molecular line emission to confirm that the disks are in Keplerian rotation with fitted masses of

M
⊙ for IRS3B-ab and

M
⊙ for IRS3A and place an upper limit on the central protostar mass for the tertiary IRS3B-c of 0.2 M
⊙. We measure the mass of the fragmenting disk of IRS3B to be ∼0.29 M
⊙ from the dust continuum emission of the circum-multiple disk and estimate the mass of the clump surrounding IRS3B-c to be 0.07 M
⊙. We also find that the disk around IRS3A has a mass of ∼0.04 M
⊙. By analyzing the Toomre Q parameter, we find the IRS3A circumstellar disk is gravitationally stable (Q > 5), while the IRS3B disk is consistent with a gravitationally unstable disk (Q < 1) between the radii ∼200–500 au. This coincides with the location of the spiral arms and the tertiary companion IRS3B-c, supporting the hypothesis that IRS3B-c was formed in situ via fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable disk.
De l’expertise scientifique à la décision publique. Quel avenir pour l’OPECST ?
Authors: Tournay Virginie 
Published: January 2021

Virginie Tournay, nous propose un regard complémentaire à la suite de l'événement organisé au Sénat le 4 février 2020 par le Sénat et le CNRS autour de la sortie de ce numéro consacré à l’Office d’évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST). Le 4 février dernier, le numéro1 de la revue Histoire de la recherche contemporaine consacré à l’Office parlementaire de l’évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST), publié en 2019, est présenté au Parlement dans le cadre d’une journée soulignant les trente ans des travaux de cette structure. Une table ronde dédiée à l’apport des sciences au débat public dresse un panorama du fonctionnement de l’Office et des tendances générales d’évolution de ces problématiques2. Amorcées juste avant l’annonce de l’actuelle pandémie et la mise en œuvre des mesures de protection déployées par les pouvoirs publics, ces réflexions font l’objet d’une mise en perspective présentée dans cette contribution.
Clinical profiles and risk factors for early and medium-term mortality following heart transplantation in a pediatric population
Authors: Balakrishnan Komarakshi R. , Rao Kemundel Genny Suresh , Subramaniam Ganapathy Krishnan , Tanguturu Murali Krishna , Arvind Ajay , Ramanan Veena , Dhushyanthan Jagdish , Ramasubramanian K. , Kumaran K. Suresh , Sellamuthu Gunalan , Rajam Mohan , Mettur Senthil , Gnansekharan Pradeep , Ratnagiri Ravikumar 
Published: January 2021

Aims and Objectives:
There is a paucity of data regarding the outcomes of Heart transplantation in children from the Indian subcontinent. The data of patients under the age of 18 undergoing an isolated heart transplantation was analyzed for patient clinical profiles and risk factors for early and medium-term mortality. Hospital mortality was defined as death within 90 days of transplantation and medium-term survival as follow up of up to 6 years.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 97 patients operated between March 2014 and October 2019 were included in this study. Data was collected about their INTERMACS status, pulmonary vascular resistance, donor heart ischemic times, donor age, donor to recipient weight ratio and creatinine levels.

Results:
The age range was from 1 to 18 with a mean of 10.6 ± 4.6 years. 67 % patients were in INTERMACS category 3 or less.12 children were on mechanical circulatory support at the time of transplant. The 90 day survival was 89 %. The risk factors for hospital mortality was lower INTERMACS category (odd’s ratio 0.2143, P = 0.026), elevated creatinine (odd’s ratio 5.42, P = 0.076) and elevated right atrial pressure (odd’s ratio 1.19, P = 0.015). Ischemic time, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and PVR index (PVRI) had no effect on 90 day survival. Kaplan Meier estimates for 5 year survival was 73 %. The medium term survival was affected by INTERMACS category (Hazard ratio 0.7, P = .078), donor age > 25 (Hazard ratio 1.6, P = 0.26) and raised serum creatinine values.(Hazard ratio 2.7, P = 0.012). All the survivors are in good functional class.

Conclusions:
Excellent outcomes are possible after heart transplantation in a pediatric population even in a resource constrained environment of a developing economy. More efforts are needed to promote pediatric organ donation and patients need to be referred in better INTERMACS category for optimal outcomes.
Use of strain, strain rate, tissue velocity imaging, and endothelial function for early detection of cardiovascular involvement in young diabetics
Authors: Kaushik Atul , Kapoor Aditya , Dabadghao Preeti , Khanna Roopali , Kumar Sudeep , Garg Naveen , Tewari Satyendra , Goel Pravin K , Sinha Archana 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Subtle structural and functional changes may precede the onset of overt global left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Data pertaining to tissue velocity imaging (TVI)and strain imaging to assess regional myocardial function and flow mediated vasodilatation are limited in young patients with diabetes.

Materials:
Conventional echocardiography, TVI parameters along with strain (S), and strain rate (SR) were measured in 50 young diabetics (15.16 ± 2.95 years, mean HBA1c 8.15 ± 1.37 g %) and 25 controls (15.60 ± 2.51 years). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitrate--mediated dilatation (NMD), and carotid intima–media thickness were also assessed.

Results:
Conventional echocardiography parameters were similar in patients and controls; however, deceleration time of the mitral inflow velocity (early deceleration time) was significantly shorter in patients when compared with controls (149.06 ± 31.66 vs. 184.56 ± 19.27 ms, P =0.001). Patients had lower strain values at the basal lateral LV (21.39 ± 4.12 vs. 23.78 ± 2.02; P =0.001), mid-lateral LV (21.43 ± 4.27 vs. 23.17 ± 1.92 P =0.02), basal septum (20.59 ± 5.28 vs. 22.91 ± 2.00; P = 0.01), and midseptum (22.06 ± 4.75 vs. 24.10 ± 1.99; P = 0.01) as compared to controls. SR at the basal and midsegments of the lateral LV wall and at the basal septum was also significantly lower in diabetic patients. Diabetic children also had endothelial dysfunction with significantly lower FMD (8.36 ± 4.27 vs. 10.57 ± 4.12, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
LV strain indices and flow--mediated dilatation are impaired in asymptomatic children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite absence of overt heart failure and normal ejection fraction. Early detection of subclinical regional myocardial dysfunction by deformation analysis including strain and strain rate may be useful in the asymptomatic diabetic population.
Melody valve to replace the mitral valve in small children
Authors: Dranseika Vilius , Pretre Rene , Kretschmar Oliver , Dave Hitendu 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Infants requiring mitral valve replacement have few viable options. Recently, stented bovine jugular vein graft (Melody) has been surgically implanted in such cases. Herein, we report our experience, elaborating on evolution of implantation technique, pitfalls, as well as long-term outcome (including late dilatability).

Methods:
Seven Melody valves were implanted (2013–2019). The median patient age and weight were 6.7 (1.8–30.5) months and 5.8 (4.6–9.5) kg, respectively. The indications for implantation were mitral stenosis and/or regurgitation postatrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) repair (5), congenital mitral valve dysplasia (1), and Shone's complex (1). Operative technique involved shortening the valve and creating a neo-sewing ring at 2/3 (atrial)–1/3 (ventricular) junction. Implantation was followed by intraoperative balloon dilatation.

Results:
Five out of seven patients survived the perioperative period (one death due to technical failure and the other due to acute respiratory distress syndrome postcardiopulmonary bypass). Two out of five medium-term survivors got transplanted (1) or died due to acute myeloid leukemia (1). No valves were replaced. The mean echo gradient at discharge was a median 4 (2–6) mmHg. None of the patients showed left ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary venous obstruction. Two Melody valves were dilated late (5 months and 3 years postoperatively), resulting in decreasing mean gradients from 6 to 1 and from 17 to 4 mmHg. At last follow-up, surviving Melody had a mean gradient of 4 (1–9) mmHg.

Conclusions:
Mitral valve replacement with a Melody valve is feasible in infants, is reproducible, shows good immediate results, and offers the possibility of later dilatation. This technique offers a better solution compared to the existing alternatives for infants requiring a prosthetic mitral valve.
Holomorphic SCFTs with small index
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Johnson-Freyd Theo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe observe that every self-dual ternary code determines a holomorphic
$\mathcal N=1$
superconformal field theory. This provides ternary constructions of some well-known holomorphic
$\mathcal N=1$
superconformal field theories (SCFTs), including Duncan’s “supermoonshine” model and the fermionic “beauty and the beast” model of Dixon, Ginsparg, and Harvey. Along the way, we clarify some issues related to orbifolds of fermionic holomorphic CFTs. We give a simple coding-theoretic description of the supersymmetric index and conjecture that for every self-dual ternary code this index is divisible by
$24$
; we are able to prove this conjecture except in the case when the code has length
$12$
mod
$24$
. Lastly, we discuss a conjecture of Stolz and Teichner relating
$\mathcal N=1$
SCFTs with Topological Modular Forms. This conjecture implies constraints on the supersymmetric indexes of arbitrary holomorphic SCFTs, and suggests (but does not require) that there should be, for each k, a holomorphic
$\mathcal N=1$
SCFT of central charge
$12k$
and index
$24/\gcd (k,24)$
. We give ternary code constructions of SCFTs realizing this suggestion for
$k\leq 5$
.
Variations of finger dermatoglyphics among the Esan ethnic group of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu Luke Chukwumah 
Published: January 2021

Patterns in fingers, palms, and soles; a term refers to as ‘dermatoglyphics’, are now been studied for ethno-historic facts and ancestry tracing. However, there is paucity of information on Esan people dermatoglyphics. Hence, this study investigates the variations in finger dermatoglyphics among Esan speaking tribe of Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 500 indigenes were sampled from 3 randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) and the ink method was used to collect finger-prints from both palms. The loop was the most predominant pattern (54.44%) while the whorl and arches represent 30.96% and 14.60% respectively. Overall, the loop fingerprint pattern was highest in all the LGAs. Esan West LGA presented highest in the arches fingerprints (56.44%) as compared to Esan North East LGA (24.38%) and Esan Central LGA (19.18%). The right hand was observed to present higher in the different primary fingerprints but the different was not significant. There was no significant different (p>0.05) in the distribution of the primary fingerprints pattern between the right and left hand in the different LGAs. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of the primary fingerprints between genders. Female represented higher in the arches pattern while male represented higher in the whorl pattern. The loop pattern was male dominant in Esan West and Esan Central LGAs but female dominated in Esan North East LGA. The findings demonstrated gender and LGAs variations of primary fingerprints among the Esan speaking tribe and may suggest different ancestry. This result could play important role for forensic anthropologist in the study area.
Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, Fingerprints, Esan, Edo State, Nigeria
Solid Waste Management and Transport Route Optimization Using Geographic Information System in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Oluwaseyi Joseph 
Published: January 2021

With an unprecedented population and rapid urbanization, the solid waste collection and transportation has become a major challenge in Lagos metropolis. The main objective of the study was to optimize routes for solid waste collection and disposal using Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to improve solid waste management system in Lagos metropolis. Data on the GIS Network Analyst was used to determine movements between the transfer loading stations and the landfills to determine the collection time, travel distances, optimized routes and alternative routes for solid waste disposal while maximising total solid waste collection and disposal for environmental sustainability. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends possible interventions such as regular collection of solid waste, proper management of the transfer loading stations and landfills, and that the collection of solid waste should be given more attention because it is important in the development of cities.
Keywords: Solid wastes, Transportation, Route Optimization, GIS, Lagos metropolis
Florofangchinoline inhibits proliferation of osteosarcoma cells via targeting of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and AMPK activation
Authors: Zhao Liyan , Liu Xiongtao , Zhu Weina , Yang Pei , Qin Jie , Gu Ru , Zhao Zhili 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of florofangchinoline on osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro, and the underlying mechanism of action.Methods: Changes in the viability of KHOS and Saos-2 cells were measured using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, while apoptosis was determined using Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Increases in mtDNA, and expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were assayed with immunoblot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively.Results: Microscopic examination of florofangchinoline-treated cells showed significant decrease in cell density, relative to control cells (p < 0.05). Treatment with 10 μM florofangchinoline increased apoptosis in KHOS and Saos-2 cells to 56.32 and 63.75 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Florofangchinoline treatment markedly enhanced cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP. It elevated Bax level and reduced Bcl-2 in KHOS and Saos-2 cells. Moreover, florofangchinoline increased p21 and p-AMPKα levels, and mtDNA counts in KHOS and Saos-2 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, in florofangchinoline-treated KHOS cells, the expressions of EED, EZH2 and SUZ12 were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Florofangchinoline inhibits osteosarcoma cell viability by activation of apoptosis. Moreover, it activates AMPK and down-regulates histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, florofangchinoline has potentials for development as a therapeutic drug forosteosarcoma.
Keywords: Osteosarcoma, Histone H3, Florofangchinoline, Apoptosis, Chemotherapeutic
Elucidation of the mechanism of action of the anticholecystitis effect of the Tibetan medicine “Dida” using network pharmacology
Authors: Liu Chuan , Fan Fang-Fang , Li Xuan-Hao , Wang Wen-Xiang , Tu Ya , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To study the mechanism involved in the anti-cholecystitis effect the Tibetan medicine “Dida”, using network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking simulationsMethods: In this investigation, the bioactive compounds of Dida were collected, network pharmacology methods to predict their targets, and networks were constructed through GO and KEGG pathway analyses. The potential binding between the bioactive compounds and the targets were demonstrated using molecular docking simulations.Results: A total of 12 bioactive compounds and 50 key targets of Dida were identified. Two networks, namely, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of cholecystitis targets, and compound–target– pathway network, were established. Network analysis showed that 10 targets (GAPDH, AKT1, CASP3, EGFR, TNF, MAPK3, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, STAT3, and BCL2L1) may be the therapeutic targets of Dida in cholecystitis. Analysis of the KEGG pathway indicated that the anti-cholecystitis effect of Dida may its regulation of a few crucial pathways, such as apoptosis, as well as toll-like receptor, T cell receptor, NOD-like receptor, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation revealed that CASP3, CAPDH, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, MAPK1, and STAT3 had well-characterized interactions with the corresponding compounds.Conclusion: The mechanism underlying the anti-cholecystitis effect of Dida has been successfully predicted and verified using a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation. This provides a firm basis for the experimental verification of the use of Dida in the treatment of cholecystitis, and enhances its rational application in clinical practice.
Keywords: Tibetan medicine, Dida, Cholecystitis, Mechanism, Network pharmacology, Molecular docking simulation
Novel cholinesterase inhibitory effect of α-spinasterol isolated from the leaves of Acacia auriculiformis A. CUNN Ex. Benth (Fabaceae)
Authors: Lawal Bilqis A. , Udobre Aniefiok , Elufioye Taiwo O. , Ahmadu Augustine A. , Olanipekun Bolatito 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities of α-spinasterol isolated from Acacia auriculiformis leaves.Methods: The powdered leaves of Acacia auriculiformis were extracted with 70 % ethanol and the dried hydroalcoholic extract was suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to give their soluble fractions. The in vitro inhibitory activities of α-spinasterol were determined against cholinesterase and, α-glucosidase enzymes, and free radical scavenging potentials using (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydarzyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) antioxidantassays.Results: The compound, α-spinasterol, exhibited moderate anticholinesterase activity (IC50 value of 44.19±2.59 μg/mL which was significantly different at (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard galanthamine (IC50 value of 1.73 ± 1.10 μg/mL). It also displayed a good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC``` value of 8.65 ± 1.71μg/mL which was not significantly different when compared to the standard, acarbose with IC50 value of 2.79±0.81 μg/mL. This compound, however, exhibited weak free radical scavenging activities at 26.93 ± 0.00 and 35.16 ±.0.26 % inhibition of DPPH+ and ABTS+ radicals as compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox (73.88 ± 0.04 and 99.82 ± 0.00%) respectively.Conclusion: The results show that α-spinasterol isolated from Acacia auriculiformis exerts potent inhibitory effect against cholinesterase enzyme which might serve as a lead in the search for drugs against Alzheimer disease and diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis, α-Spinasterol, Galanthamine, Acarbose, Trolox, Ascorbic acid
Effect of intrapleural injection of erythromycin on congenital refractory chylothorax in the newborn
Authors: Shi Yun , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of intrapleural injection of erythromycin on congenital refractory chylothorax in the newborn, in order to provide a more efficient approach for its treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 13 cases of congenital chylothorax in newborns that received conventional treatment and intrapleural injection of erythromycin.Results: A total of 10 out of 13 child patients (76.9 %) received active treatment. Furthermore, the patients who received the intrapleural injection of erythromycin were administered the injection a total of 1 - 3 times (1.5 ± 0.6) on the average with the dose ranging from 80 – 210 mg (mean, 126.5 ± 32.7 mg). Thereafter, they received continuous drainage for 7 – 12 days (mean time, 10.2 d). Drainage volume ranged from 50 - 150ml (mean, 84.3 ± 35.2 mL). Patients that did not receive the erythromycin treatment received continuous drainage for 5 – 13 d (mean, 8.6 day), with the drainage volume ranging from 67 - 132 mL (mean, 92.3 ± 25.6 mL).Conclusion: Therefore, intrapleural injection of erythromycin has a certain therapeutic effect on congenital refractory chylothorax in the newborn.
Keywords: Erythromycin intrapleural injection, Congenital refractory chylothorax, Newborn