bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Community Crime Monitoring Reduce Student Absenteeism?
Authors: Komisarow Sarah , Gonzalez Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the impact on student absenteeism of a large, school-based community crime monitoring program that employed local community members to monitor and report crime on designated city blocks during times when students traveled to and from school. We find that the program resulted in a 0.58 percentage point (8.5 percent) reduction in the elementary school-level absence rate in the years following initial implementation. We discuss and explore potential channels to explain this and believe our results are most consistent with improved neighborhood conditions in the form of reduced crime as an underlying mechanism.
Dynamics of widespread extreme precipitation events and the associated large-scale environment using AMeDAS and JRA-55 data
Authors: Shibuya Ryosuke , Takayabu Yukari , Kamahori Hirotaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines disastrous historical precipitation cases that generate extreme precipitation simultaneously over a wide area in Japan (as in July 2018), defined as widespread extreme precipitation events. A statistically significant large-scale environment conducive for widespread extreme precipitation events over western Japan is investigated based on composite analysis. During a widespread precipitation event, a zonally elongated positive anomaly of the column-integrated water vapor extends from East China to western Japan. In the lower troposphere, a dipole of a geopotential height anomaly exists with positive and negative values at the east and west of the precipitation area, respectively. It is found that the negative geopotential anomaly is enhanced over East China at two days before the event and moves toward the precipitating area mainly due to the PV production term by diabatic heating, in analogy of a diabatic Rossby wave. The temporal evolution of the dynamical forced vertical velocity is well in phase with that the PV production term, inferring the importance of the coupling between the dynamical forced motion and diabatic heating. This result provides a physical understanding of the reason why both the background moisture and the baroclinicity are essential in the composited atmospheric fields and another view to the importance of the feedback parameter between the dynamical motion and diabatic heating.
Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic: When Public Health and Tornado Threats Converge
Authors: Croskery Craig D. , Sherman-Morris Kathleen , Brown Michael E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges that dramatically affected the way of life in the United States and globally in 2020. The pandemic also made the process of protecting individuals from tornadoes more challenging, especially when their personal residence lacks suitable shelter, particularly for residents of mobile homes. The necessity of having to shelter with other families – either in a public shelter or at another residence – in order to protect themselves from a tornado threat conflicted with the advice of public health officials who recommended avoiding public places and limiting contact with the public to minimize the spread of COVID-19. There was also a perception that protecting against one threat could amplify the other threat. A survey was undertaken with the public to determine the general viewpoint to see if that was indeed the case.The results found that it was possible to attenuate both threats provided that careful planning and actions were undertaken. Understanding how emergency managers should react and plan for such dual threats is important to minimize the spread of COVID-19 while also maintaining the safety of the public. As there was no precedence for tornado protection scenarios amidst a pandemic, both short-term and long-term recommendations were suggested which may also be useful in future pandemic situations.
The microenvironment of DLBCL is characterized by noncanonical macrophages recruited by tumor-derived CCL5
Authors: Manfroi Benoît , De Grandis Maria , Moreaux Jérôme , Tabruyn Sébastien , Mayol Jean-François , Quintero Mélanie , Righini Christian , Sturm Nathalie , Aurrand-Lions Michel , Huard Bertrand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tissue invasion by tumor cells induces a host inflammatory response that variably impacts tumorigenesis. This has been well documented for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that could play a pro/M2- or an anti/M1-tumoral function. TAMs frequently infiltrate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an aggressive neoplasm arising from germinal center–experienced B cells. However, the pathway leading to the presence of TAMs in DLBCL remains unknown, and their impact is unclear. Here, we show that some DLBCL tumor cells expressed the chemokine CCL5, enabling the differential recruitment of blood monocytes through their expression of CCR1 and CCR5. CCL5 expression by DLBCL was not related to molecular subtypes, and healthy tonsillar B cells did not produce this chemokine, implying a posttransformation event. A single-cell analysis revealed that most DLBCL TAMs had a noncanonical gene signature with the concomitant expression of M1 and M2 genes. The presence of noncanonical TAMs may explain the lack of impact of macrophages on DLBCL development reported in some survival studies.
Gata2 +9.5 enhancer regulates adult hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and T-cell development
Authors: You Xiaona , Zhou Yun , Chang Yuan-I , Kong Guangyao , Ranheim Erik A. , Johnson Kirby D. , Soukup Alexandra A. , Bresnick Emery H. , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mammalian GATA2 gene encodes a dual zinc finger transcription factor, which is essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation in the aorta, gonad, mesonephros (AGM) region, HSC self-renewal, and specification of progenitor cell fates. Previously, we demonstrated that Gata2 expression in AGM is controlled by its intronic +9.5 enhancer. Gata2 +9.5 deficiency removes the E-box motif and the GATA site and depletes fetal liver HSCs. However, whether this enhancer has an essential role in regulating adult hematopoiesis has not been established. Here, we evaluate Gata2 +9.5 enhancer function in adult hematopoiesis. +9.5+/− bone marrow cells displayed reduced T cell reconstitution in a competitive transplant assay. Donor-derived analysis demonstrated a previously unrecognized function of the +9.5 enhancer in T cell development at the lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor stage. Moreover, +9.5+/− adult HSCs displayed increased apoptosis and reduced long-term self-renewal capability in comparison with wild-type (WT) HSCs. These phenotypes were more moderate than those of Gata2+/− HSCs. Consistent with the phenotypic characterization, Gata2 expression in +9.5+/− LSKs was moderately higher than that in Gata2+/− LSKs, but lower than that in WT LSKs. Our data suggest that +9.5 deficiency compromises, without completely abrogating, Gata2 expression in adult HSCs.
Impact of dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia on delirium in patients recovering from orthopedic surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hong Hong , Zhang Da-Zhi , Li Mo , Wang Geng , Zhu Sai-Nan , Zhang Yue , Wang Dong-Xin , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine promotes normal sleep architecture; the drug also improves analgesia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that supplementing intravenous analgesia with dexmedetomidine reduces delirium in older patients recovering from orthopedic surgery.

Methods
In this double-blinded randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 712 older (aged 65–90 years) patients scheduled for major orthopedic surgery. Postoperative analgesia was provided by patient-controlled intravenous sufentanil, supplemented by randomly assigned dexmedetomidine (1.25 μg/mL) or placebo, for up to three days. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium assessed twice daily with the Confusion Assessment Method. Among secondary outcomes, pain severity was assessed twice daily and sleep quality once daily, each with an 11-point scale where 0 = no pain/the best possible sleep and 10 = the worst pain/the worst possible sleep.

Results
The incidence of postoperative delirium was 7.3% (26 of 354) with placebo and 4.8% (17 of 356) with dexmedetomidine; relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.18; P = 0.151. Dexmedetomidine reduced pain both at rest (median difference -1 to 0 points, P ≤ 0.001) and with movement (-1 points, P < 0.001) throughout the first 5 postoperative days; it also improved subjective sleep quality during the first 3 postoperative days: day one median difference -1 point (95% CI -1 to 0), P = 0.007; day two 0 point (-1 to 0), P = 0.010; and day three 0 point (-1 to 0), P = 0.003. The incidence of adverse events was similar in each group.

Conclusions
Supplementing sufentanil intravenous analgesia with low-dose dexmedetomidine did not significantly reduce delirium, but improved analgesia and sleep quality without provoking adverse events.

Trial registration

www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR1800017182 (Date of registration: July 17, 2018); ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03629262 (Date of registration: August 14, 2018).
Structural equation modeling for identification of patient safety antecedents in primary care
Authors: Kosiek Katarzyna , Staniec Iwona , Godycki-Cwirko Maciej , Depta Adam , Kowalczyk Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient safety is defined as an activity that minimizes and removes possible errors and injuries to patients. A number of factors have been found to influence patient safety management, including the facilities available in the practice, communication and collaboration, education regarding patient safety and generic conditions. This study tested a theoretical model of patient safety interventions based on safety antecedents.

Methods
Medical professionals were surveyed using a questionnaire developed by Gaal et al. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20 and AMOS. A hypothetical model of direct and indirect effects on patient safety in a primary care environment was created and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results
SEM proved to be an effective tool to analyse safety in primary care. The facilities in the practice appear to have no significant influence on patient safety management in the case of female respondents, those below mean age, those who are not GPs (general practitioner) and respondents not working in counselling centres.

Conclusions
The integrated safety model described in the study can improve patient safety management.
Acceptability and usability of HIV self-tests in two European countries: findings from surveys of clients at non-governmental organisations in Lithuania and Italy
Authors: Nash Sophie G. , Maffeo Manuel , Likatavicius Giedrius , Cosmaro Lella , Rudaitis Kestutis , Lapsinov Aleksandras , Enayat Qudsia , Delpech Valerie , Kall Meaghan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Uptake of HIV self-tests (HIVST) remains low in Europe. We conducted two separate surveys to understand facilitators and barriers to the use of HIVST in two European countries, as part of the EU INTEGRATE Joint Action. In both countries, HIV has been legal since 2016. In Lithuania, where HIVST sales have been low, the survey primarily assessed acceptability whilst in Italy, with better HIVST uptake, usability was the focus.

Methods
Participants were recruited through community HIV testing sites, and in Lithuania also through social media. In Lithuania, participants self-completed a survey on their testing history, and attitudes toward and experiences with self-testing. In Italy participants performed an HIVST (Mylan Autotest) while being observed by a community health worker (CHW). Both participants and CHW completed a self-administered survey evaluating the experience of the participant.

Results
In Lithuania, awareness of HIV self-testing (75%) was high among the 138 people who completed the survey. Privacy and confidentiality (70%) was the most common reason to use an HIVST whilst cost was reported as the main barrier by 60%, only 15% were willing to pay the current price. Almost half (42%) were concerned about doing the test incorrectly and 36% preferred that a trained person could discuss their result. Purchasing HIVST at a pharmacy (70%) or online (61%) was favoured and 68% would opt to simultaneously test for other infections.
In Italy, 28 people who had never used an HIVST before were observed using one. 43% found the test easy to use but CHWs reported that 36% of participants failed at least one step. The quick result (68%) was the most common reason to use one again, yet the main concerns were the lack of counselling (50%) and reading result alone (32%).

Conclusions
HIVST are acceptable and usable, however cost is a major barrier. Local and national strategies are needed to increase awareness of and access to HIVST and target HIVST campaigns toward key risk groups such as MSM. Meanwhile, steps can be taken to improve testing instructions and support for self-testers. Offering multiplex testing for other infections would also likely increase uptake.
RiskRadar: development and pilot results of a technical intervention targeting combination prevention regarding HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis
Authors: Kakalou Christine , Polychronidou Eleftheria , Drosou Vicky , Dimitriadis Vlasios K. , Dermaris Thomas , Kordonias Rafael , Papaprodromou Aris , Tsirelis Triantafillos , Maramis Christos , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Savarino Domenico , Maffeo Manuel , Jasic Nedim , Nemeth-Blažić Tatjana , Dominković Zoran , Pogledić Dubravko , Jovovic Iva , Simkunaite-Zazecke Agne , Stoniene Loreta , Sammut Antonella , Cosmaro Lella , Natsiavas Pantelis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The HIV pandemic impacts the lives of millions and despite the global coordinated response, innovative actions are still needed to end it. A major challenge is the added burden of coinfections such as viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and various sexually transmitted infections in terms of prevention, treatment and increased morbidity in individuals with HIV infection. A need for combination prevention strategies, tailored to high-risk key populations arises and technology-based interventions can be a valuable asset. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the delivery of existing services and added stress to existing public health and clinical structures but also highlighted the potential of exploiting technical solutions for interventions regarding infectious diseases. In this paper we report the design process, results and evaluation findings from the pilots of ‘RiskRadar’—a web and mobile application aiming to support combination prevention, testing and linkage to care for HIV, viral hepatitis, various sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis.

Methods
RiskRadar was developed for the INTEGRATE Joint Action’s aim to improve, adapt and pilot innovative digital tools for combination prevention. RiskRadar was designed iteratively using informed end-user-oriented approaches. Emphasis was placed on the Risk Calculator that enables users to assess their risk of exposure to one or more of the four disease areas, make informed decisions to seek testing or care and adjust their behaviours ultimately aiming to harm/risk reduction. RiskRadar has been piloted in three countries, namely Croatia, Italy and Lithuania.

Results
RiskRadar has been used 1347 times across all platforms so far. More than 90% of users have found RiskRadar useful and would use it again, especially the Risk Calculator component. Almost 49.25% are men and 29.85% are in the age group of 25–34. The application has scored 5.2/7 in the User Experience Questionnaire, where it is mainly described as “supportive” and “easy-to-use”. The qualitative evaluation of RiskRadar also yielded positive feedback.

Conclusions
Pilot results demonstrate above average satisfaction with RiskRadar and high user-reported usability scores, supporting the idea that technical interventions could significantly support combination prevention actions on Sexually Transmitted Infections.
Quality of life in people living with HIV in Romania and Spain
Authors: Kall Meaghan , Fresán Ujué , Guy Danielle , Brown Graham , Burgui Cristina , Castilla Jesús , Grecu Victor Ionel , Dumitrescu Florentina , Delpech Valerie , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a crucial component in assessing and addressing the unmet needs of people, especially those with chronic illnesses such as HIV. The aim of the study was to examine and compare the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV in Romania and Spain, compared to the general populations of each country.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥ 18 years) attending for HIV care in Romania and Spain from October 2019 to March 2020. The survey included two validated HRQoL instruments: a generic instrument, EQ-5D-5L, and an HIV-specific instrument, PozQoL, and questions on socio-demographics, HIV-related characteristics, physical and mental health conditions, and substance use. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with HRQoL.

Results
570 people living with HIV responded (170 in Romania and 400 in Spain). The median age was 31 (18–67) in Romania and 52 (19–83) in Spain. Anxiety/depression symptoms were frequently reported by people with HIV (Romania: 50% vs 30% in the Romanian population; Spain: 38% vs 15% in Spanish population). Spain reported higher mean EQ-5Dutility scores than Romania (0.88 and 0.85, respectively) but identical PozQoL scores (3.5, on a scale of 0–5). In both countries, health concerns were highlighted as a key issue for people with HIV. In multivariable analysis, two factors were consistently associated with worse HRQoL in people with HIV: bad or very bad self-rated health status and presence of a mental health condition. In Romania, being gay/bisexual and being disabled/unemployed were associated with worse HRQoL. Whereas in Spain, older age and financial insecurity were significant predictors.

Conclusions
Our results indicated a good HRQoL for people living with HIV in Romania and Spain; however, worse HRQoL profiles were characterized by health concerns, poor self-rated health status, and the presence of mental health conditions. This study highlights the importance of monitoring HRQoL in people living with HIV due to the chronic nature of the disease. In this highly-treatment experienced group, disparities were found, particularly highlighting mental health as an area which needs more attention to improve the well-being of people living with HIV.
An evidence mapping of systematic reviews and meta-analysis on traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sun Yu-Xin , Wang Xiao , Liao Xing , Guo Jing , Hou Wen-Bin , Wang Xin , Liu Jian-Ping , Liu Zhao-Lan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been a proposed treatment option for ulcerative colitis (UC), however it has been difficult to understand the breadth and depth of evidence as various Chinese medicine therapies may produce effects differently. The aim of this evidence mapping is to visually understand the available evidence in the use of TCM in the treatment of UC, and to identify gaps in evidence to inform priorities of future research.

Methods
A systematic electronic literature search of six databases were performed to identify systematic reviews (SRs) on different Chinese medicine therapies in the treatment in UC. Methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using AMSTAR 2.

Results
The mapping was based on 73 SRs, which included nine interventions that met eligibility criteria. The quality of the included SRs was very low. The diseases stages of patients with UC varied greatly, from active to remission, to non-acute outbreak, to not reported. The results mostly favored the method of intervention. Oral administration combined with enema was the most widely used route of administration in secondary research.

Conclusion
Based on the current evidence, the treatment of UC with TCM can only be recommended cautiously. A majority of included SRs did not report the location of the disease, the disease classification, and the route of administration of the intervention. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of Chinese medicine alone in the treatment of UC. The effectiveness of combined Chinese and conventional medicine combined with different routes of administration cannot be confirmed. Attention should be paid to the methodological quality of the systematic review. Unifies the outcome indicators used in the evaluation of effectiveness.
Traditional medicinal knowledge and practices among the tribal communities of Thakht-e-Sulaiman Hills, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Khalid , Ahmad Mushtaq , Huber Franz K. , Weckerle Caroline S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the medical material and practices of tribes in the western border areas of Pakistan. The local population has inhabited this remote and isolated area for centuries, and gained medicinal knowledge with personal experiences and knowledge learned from forefathers. Due to the geographical isolation of the communities in the Sulaiman hills of Pakistan and their unique culture, the area is of importance for exploration and assessment.

Methods
A total of 116 informants were interviewed in five foothill villages and the associated migratory mountain villages during 2010–2012 and 2015. Information was gathered mainly through semi-structured interviews and freelisting. Local diseases were categorized based on symptoms and affected organs. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results
Depending on the type of illness, typically a pulse diagnoser or a religious specialist is consulted. Medicinal plant knowledge and use is mostly known and advised by elders within the family. A total of 44 plant species from 32 families (588 use reports), 7 animal species and 6 minerals and other sources (384 use reports) were documented as materia medica. Among the plants, the Lamiaceae is the most dominantly used plant family, followed by Pinaceae. The most frequently reported single species was Teucrium stocksianum. The most often mentioned diseases and treatments fall into the categories of gastrointestinal, ritual, and musculoskeletal diseases. The use of goat and sheep skin as medicine was pivotal in the local medicinal system. Remedies from animal parts and other biological and non-biological sources were mainly used for musculoskeletal ailments and ritual treatments. Overall, people rely on both traditional and biomedical medication and treatments and combination of these systems.

Conclusion
This paper provides insight into the pluralistic medication system of rural communities of northwest Pakistan. It highlights the materia medica most commonly in use. A considerable part of the documented materia medica and local practices is part of an oral tradition and cannot be found in written sources or scientific articles. The gaining of new medicinal knowledge in the area was the good sign of continuation of traditional medicinal practices.