bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescent: Normal or a Sign of an Underlying Disease?
Authors: Luiro Kaisu , Holopainen Elina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeavy, and often irregular, menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecologic complaint among adolescents. During the first few post-menarcheal years, anovulatory cycles related to immaturity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis are the most common etiology for abnormal uterine bleeding and should be considered as a part of normal pubertal development rather than a disease. If an already regular menstrual cycle becomes irregular, secondary causes of anovulation should be ruled out. Inherited and acquired bleeding disorders, such as von Willebrand disease, and quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of platelets are relatively common findings in adolescents with HMB from menarche. History of excessive bleeding or a diagnosed bleeding disorder in the family supports this etiology, warranting specialized laboratory testing. First-line treatment of HMB among adolescents is medical management with hormonal therapy or nonhormonal options. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device is an effective tool also for all adolescents with menstrual needs.
Tinnitus and Otosclerosis: An Exploratory Study about the Prevalence, Features and Impact in Daily Life
Authors: Lima Antonio Fontes , Moreira Filipa Carvalho , Costa Isabel Esteves , Azevedo Catia , Mar Fernando , Dias Luis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus is experienced by a significant part of the patients suffering from otosclerosis.
Objective To assess the prevalence of tinnitus in otosclerosis, its main features, and the impact on the daily life.
Methods Patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in 2019 in a tertiary hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic data were retrieved and, besides a regular audiometric evaluation, the patients underwent acuphenometry to assess the psychoacoustic measurements (pitch and loudness), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).
Results In total, 66 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a female predominance (63.6%; n = 42), and a mean age of 48.7 years. The mean air-bone gap was of 26.3 dB. A total of 72.7% complained of tinnitus; it was mostly unilateral, identified in the low frequencies, namely 500 Hz, with median loudness of 7.5 dB. The median score on the THI score was of 37; most patients had a mild handicap (33.3%, n = 16), followed by those with a severe handicap (22.9%; n = 11). The female gender had a statistically significant association with the presence of tinnitus. The THI scores were higher in middle-aged patients (age groups: 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years), which was statistically significant. No correlation was found between audiometry results and the prevalence of tinnitus or score on the THI. On the other hand, high-pitched tinnitus, compared to low pitched-tinnitus, was associated with larger air-bone gaps.
Conclusion The prevalence of tinnitus in our population was in line with the prevalences reported in the literature. It caused a catastrophic handicap in 22.9% of the patients. High-pitched tinnitus was associated with higher handicap. Nonetheless, the existence of tinnitus and its severity were not associated with the degree of hearing loss.
Light Sheet Microscopy and Imaging
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim 
Published: November 2021

Light Sheet Microscopy and Imaging introduces the fundamentals and important advancements at the frontiers of optical physics and applied sciences. It presents coherent, in-depth explanations of different variants of light sheet microscopes beginning from the basics of light. This emerging technology has an impact on a range of disciplines from nanophysics (nanolithography) to biophysics (imaging, cell biology, developmental biology, and biotechniques) and is destined to influence every field of science and engineering.
This book provides an in-depth study of:Fundamentals of light sheet microscopy and important advancements in the technologyPrinciples of light sheet physics, optical imaging, computational techniques, and experimental design, with applications from applied physics to biological imagingInsights into a wide range of light sheet microscopy techniques, optical setups, and imaging science
Light Sheet Microscopy and Imaging is an excellent resource for research scientists in optical microscopy and biomedical imaging, and for students studying imaging optics, biomedical engineering, light sheet microscopy, applied physics, and their applications.
Soil water deficit effects on soil inorganic nitrogen in alternate-furrow flood irrigated Australian cotton production systems
Authors: Macdonald Ben C. T. , Schwenke Graeme D. , McPherson Annabelle , Mercer Clarence , Baird Jonathan , Nachimuthu Gunasekhar 
Published: November 2021

Context Predicting the nitrogen (N) mineralisation from soil organic matter is a key aid to fertiliser decision-making and improving the N fertiliser use efficiency of a crop. Aims and methods Field experiments were conducted to assess the amount of inorganic N derived from soil organic matter mineralisation over two seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) across treatments differing in irrigation frequency and amount. During both seasons, the plant line soil in each treatment was sequentially sampled at each irrigation event. Key results There was an effect of the soil water deficit on the measured accumulated soil inorganic N derived from mineralisation in both measurement years. It was observed that soil inorganic N accumulated in the plant line rather than in other hillside and furrow positions for all soil moisture deficit treatments in both years. In 2017–2018, N accumulated in the plant was significantly greater than the measured accumulated inorganic N (0–300 mm). Conclusions and implications The sequential soil sampling approach was challenging in irrigated systems and we propose a hybrid measurement of pre-season available soil N and/or plant N uptake in nil N fertiliser plots as a means of estimating N derived from soil organic matter mineralisation.
Storage of soil samples leads to over-representation of the contribution of nitrate to plant-available nitrogen
Authors: Bailey Taleta , Robinson Nicole , Farrell Mark , Macdonald Ben , Weaver Tim , Antille Diogenes L. , Chin Aidan , Brackin Richard 
Published: November 2021

Delays between soil sampling and processing for analysis are common in both research and agronomy, but the effects of storage conditions on measurements of plant-available nitrogen (N) are rarely considered. With increasing recognition of organic N pools in soils, such as amino acids and peptides, it is necessary to determine how sample handling impacts the outcomes of soil N quantification. In this study, we used in situ microdialysis to approximate plant availability of amino acids, ammonium and nitrate, then compared to both potassium chloride (KCl) extract and microdialysis samples taken from excavated soil samples when in the field, after 24 h refrigerated storage, and after storage for 1 month, either refrigerated or air-dried. Nitrate levels measured with microdialysis and KCl extracts increased immediately after soil sampling and continued to accumulate in the next day and 1 month stored samples. Amino acid and ammonium measurements remained more constant; however, microdialysis showed a decline in amino acid-N between in situ and next day samples. The proportional representation of N pools in the in-field extracts was most similar to in situ microdialysis. Soil samples should be processed for N analysis as close to sampling as possible, and the storage duration and conditions reported. The influence of storage must be considered in interpreting soil test results.
Benefits from enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilisers in rainfed temperate pastures are seasonally driven
Authors: Suter Helen , Lam Shu Kee , Walker Charles , Chen Deli 
Published: November 2021

Context Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilisers (EEFs) can reduce N loss, but productivity and environmental benefits vary. A field experiment on rainfed ryegrass dominant pastures in southern Australia examined the effect of EEFs combined with reduced N rate on agronomic N efficiency (AE) (additional biomass per unit N applied) and apparent NUE (ApNUE) (additional plant N uptake per unit N applied) relative to urea. Methods EEFs examined were granular urea coated with (i) urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), (ii) nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or (iii) polymer coating (PCU). Nitrogen was applied five times over 9 months at 0–84 kg N ha−1 per application. Key results AE varied with season from –0.5 to 22.3 kg DM kg N−1 in late (dry conditions) and early spring (ideal conditions), respectively. AE of PCU was significantly lower than urea for the first harvest due to slow N release. Using DMPP led to higher AE than equivalent urea rates in August (at 34 and 50 kg N ha−1) and early October (34 kg N ha−1). At the lowest rate (17 kg N ha−1), NBPT generally led to higher AE than at higher N rates. Using NBPT at 17 kg N ha−1 led to higher AE than urea at the same rate in July, August and February. The ApNUE ranged from 3.6% (summer) to 68% (early spring), and decreased with increasing N rate. Using DMPP did not significantly change cumulative ApNUE (entire experiment) (34%) due to limited leaching and denitrifying conditions. Cumulative ApNUE was lowest with PCU (23%) due to initial slow N release. Conclusion Seasonal variations in pasture responses to fertiliser N affected the efficiency outcomes from using EEFs. Implications Benefits in ApNUE and AE from using EEFs rely on their seasonal strategic use combined with reduced N inputs. The initial slow release of N from the PCU could be overcome by strategies such as combining the PCU with uncoated urea, to improve ApNUE.
Dynamic climate clubs: On the effectiveness of incentives in global climate agreements
Authors: Nordhaus William 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Global agreements on climate change date back to the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, yet little substantial coordinated abatement has taken place. Free riding is a major hurdle in the solution of global externalities and is at the heart of the international failures to deal with climate change. The present analysis presents a dynamic model of a climate club and shows that club incentives through tariff penalties and rapid decarbonizing technological change can achieve the international objectives of governments.
Using residual heat maps to visualise Benford’s multi-digit law
Authors: Hull Benjamin , Long Alexander , Hughes Ifan G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It has been known for more than a century that, counter to one’s intuition, the frequency of occurrence of the first significant digit in a very large number of numerical data sets is nonuniformly distributed. This result is encapsulated in Benford’s law, which states that the first (and higher) digits follow a logarithmic distribution. An interesting consequence of the counter intuitive nature of Benford’s law is that manipulation of data sets can lead to a change in compliance with the expected distribution—an insight that is exploited in forensic accountancy and financial fraud. In this investigation we have applied a Benford analysis to the distribution of price paid data for house prices in England and Wales pre and post-2014. A residual heat map analysis offers a visually attractive method for identifying interesting features, and two distinct patterns of human intervention are identified: (i) selling property at values just beneath a tax threshold, and (ii) psychological pricing, with a particular bias for the final digit to be 0 or 5. There was a change in legislation in 2014 to soften tax thresholds, and the influence of this change on house price paid data was clearly evident.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of subsurface Ag and Ge impurities in copper
Authors: Kotzott Thomas , Bouhassoune Mohammed , Prüser Henning , Weismann Alexander , Lounis Samir , Wenderoth Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate single Ge and Ag impurities buried below a Cu(100) surface using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The interference patterns in the local density of states are surface scattering signatures of the bulk impurities, which result from 3D Friedel oscillations and the electron focusing effect. Comparing the isoelectronic d scatterer Ag and the sp scatterer Ge allows to distinguish contributions from impurity scattering and the host. Energy-independent effective scattering phase shifts are extracted using a plane wave tight-binding model and reveal similar values for both species. A comparison with ab initio calculations suggests incoherent sp scattering processes at the Ge impurity. As both scatterers are spectrally homogeneous, scanning tunneling spectroscopy of the interference patterns yields real-space signatures of the bulk electronic structure. We find a kink around zero bias for both species that we assign to a renormalization of the band structure due to many-body effects, which can be described with a Debye self-energy and a surprisingly high electron–phonon coupling parameter λ. We propose that this might originate from bulk propagation in the vicinity of the surface.
Multilayering BZO nanocolumns with different defect densities for YBCO high field applications
Authors: Aye Moe M , Rivasto Elmeri , Khan Mukarram Z , Rijckaert H , Palonen H , Huhtinen H , Van Driessche Isabel , Paturi P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The multilayer structures of alternating superconducting YBCO films doped with different BZO nanocolumn densities were utilized. We show that using 50 nm thick layers increases J
c in the whole angular range by maximum 40% as compared with 200 nm single layer BZO-doped or multilayers with smaller thickness. Multilayering is found to be most effective at high magnetic fields and temperatures. These results indicate that demonstrated multilayer structures are extremely attractive for various electrical power applications in the foreseeable future. The experimental outcomes are thoroughly discussed with the mechanisms of crystalline quality and flux pinning in YBCO with different BZO nanorod densities multilayers of varying thicknesses.
Changes in frequency-dependent dielectric features of monolayer graphene/silicon structure due to gamma irradiation
Authors: Seven Elanur , Öz Orhan Elif , Bilge Ocak Sema 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present work intends to discover the influences of 60Co gamma (γ) ray-irradiation on frequency-dependent dielectric features of Graphene/Silicon Schottky diode with an insulator layer. Graphene (Gr) nanosheets have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to build a Gr-based p-type Si Schottky diode. The diode was irradiated at 30 kGy and 60 kGy doses. The study has been performed at 300 K in the voltage range −6 V to +6 V at dark conditions both at 400 kHz low-frequency and 900 kHz high-frequency. The experimental results showed that dielectric features of the structure are dependent on the radiation dose and applied voltage and to be a strong function of frequency.
Diphoton production rate in relativistic nuclear collisions
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Singh S S , Jain Poonam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have made an effort to reveal some information about the space-time evolution of quark gluon plasma (QGP). We deal with one of the important signature of quark gluon plasma from the analysis of the experimental results on electromagnetic probes which are measured at relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC). Electromagnetic radiations as diphotons emitted from hot and dense matter are investigated using a phenomenological model with quasiparticle approach at temperatures above critical temperature. In this, we use thermodynamically consistent quasiparticle model composed of quarks and gluons. Due to interactions among the quarks, mass of these particles is generated in highly dense and hot matter of QGP. The mass of these particles is temperature dependent and it is found that the model works well at temperatures above the critical temperature. Thus, this work is carried out using a phenomenological model in heavy-ion collisions in the limit of high temperature and zero chemical potential. The rate of diphoton production is calculated by suitably fitted parametrization factors in quark mass. We found an appreciable enhancement using thermal quark mass as compared to dynamical quark mass in the current results of two photon production rate. The results are compared with earlier estimated diphoton production rates from QGP and hadronic matter. Our results are therefore enhanced in comparison to the other theoretical results. The estimation of diphoton emission anticipates useful insights in the relevant range of mass. So these insights on diphotons can be advantageous tool for spectroscopy and thermometry in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC.
Emergence of flexible technology in developing advanced systems for post-stroke rehabilitation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Saibene Matteo , Das Rig , Brunner Iris , Puthusserypady Sadasivan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Stroke is one of the most common neural disorders, which causes physical disabilities and motor impairments among its survivors. Several technologies have been developed for providing stroke rehabilitation and to assist the survivors in performing their daily life activities. Currently, the use of flexible technology (FT) for stroke rehabilitation systems is on a rise that allows the development of more compact and lightweight wearable systems, which stroke survivors can easily use for long-term activities. Approach. For stroke applications, FT mainly includes the ‘flexible/stretchable electronics’, ‘e-textile (electronic textile)’ and ‘soft robotics’. Thus, a thorough literature review has been performed to report the practical implementation of FT for post-stroke application. Main results. In this review, the highlights of the advancement of FT in stroke rehabilitation systems are dealt with. Such systems mainly involve the ‘biosignal acquisition unit’, ‘rehabilitation devices’ and ‘assistive systems’. In terms of biosignals acquisition, electroencephalography and electromyography are comprehensively described. For rehabilitation/assistive systems, the application of functional electrical stimulation and robotics units (exoskeleton, orthosis, etc) have been explained. Significance. This is the first review article that compiles the different studies regarding FT based post-stroke systems. Furthermore, the technological advantages, limitations, and possible future implications are also discussed to help improve and advance the flexible systems for the betterment of the stroke community.
Design evaluation of microwave transmission properties of YBa2Cu3O7-based kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Ariyoshi Seiichiro , Mikami Hikaru , Ebata Atsushi , Ohnishi Satoshi , Hizawa Takeshi , Tanaka Saburo , Nakajima Kensuke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We designed, fabricated, and characterized microwave transmission properties with rewound strip structures for YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO)-based kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). The superconducting rewound strip serves as a microwave resonator and as a broadband terahertz-wave antenna. To predict the microwave resonance characteristics before fabrication, the line-width (w) and space (s) dependence of the spiral resonators were analyzed using an electromagnetic simulator; the resonance frequency increased, and the quality factor decreased with increasing w and s from 10 to 40 μm. YBCO-based KID arrays with different w (10 and 40 μm) were fabricated on 10 mm-square MgO substrates, cooled to 3 K using a 4He refrigerator, and evaluated using a vector network analyzer to verify the result of the simulation experimentally. The measured resonance frequency ratio of 1.11 times (5.04 → 5.59 GHz) agreed with the simulated ones of 1.10 times (4.84 → 5.33 GHz) between w = 10 and 40 μm. The other resonance characteristics, such as transmission coefficient and quality factor, have a similar w dependence with the simulation.
Ultra-low contrast, complex left main coronary intervention case series using novel intravascular ultrasound technology
Authors: Patel Billal , Assaf Omar , Nabi Amjad , Wiper Andrew , More Ranjit , Abdelaziz Hesham K , Choudhury Tawfiq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a high morbidity and mortality. Ultra-low contrast percutaneous coronary intervention (ULPCI) has previously been described. Complex left main (LM) ULPCI using two-stent strategy guided by novel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) co-registration software has not been described. We report a series of complex LM ULPCI using IVUS co-registration.

Case Summaries
Five patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤20 mL/min who presented with stable angina or non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patients previously had diagnostic angiography performed as a separate procedure. Successful LM ULPCI was performed in all patients with a provisional and two-stent bifurcation strategies. These were complex procedures, some of which required haemodynamic support and rotational atherectomy.

Discussion
This report describes the first ULPCI using a dedicated two-stent LM bifurcation strategy and using rotational atherectomy and IVUS co-registration. This technology facilitated complex PCI in this high-risk patient group with minimal contrast use (≤6 mL) with optimal results and no patients developed acute kidney injury after intervention. The adaptation of ULPCI to daily practice in patients at risk of CIN will improve treatment for this underserved patient group.
Five recurrent episodes of Takotsubo syndrome provoked by various triggers over a period of 7 years: a case report
Authors: Nomura Tetsuya , Sakaue Yu , Ono Kenshi , Wada Naotoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome, presents as reversible regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. It is associated with a recurrence rate of approximately 4%. However, multiple recurrence episodes are rare in clinical settings, and the predictors of recurrence and preventive methods have yet to be fully elucidated.

Case summary
A 69-year-old woman experienced two TTS episodes before complaining of sudden-onset epigastric pain without any particular trigger. No significant coronary lesion was observed on coronary angiography, while left ventriculography showed the typical findings of apical ballooning and a hyperkinetic wall motion at the basal level of the left ventricle. The patient was again diagnosed with recurrent TTS. On Day 5 of hospitalization, follow-up echocardiography showed mural thrombus formation in the left ventricular apex. Anticoagulant therapy with oral warfarin following intravenous heparin was effective in dissolving the thrombus. She was safely discharged on Day 16 of hospitalization. However, two additional recurrent TTS episodes provoked by emotional stress occurred afterwards. Since the final hospitalization, she has been prescribed perindopril 4 mg/day and β1-receptor-selective β-blocker bisoprolol 5 mg/day and has been able to avoid the 6th recurrence of TTS for more than 12 months at present.

Conclusion
Multiple recurrent TTS episodes are rare in the clinical setting. As such, the long-term follow-up of this case may provide clues on the pathophysiology of this disease and aid us in establishing effective preventive strategies.