bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent director attention and the cost of equity capital
Authors: Huang Henry He , Wang Chong , Xie Hong , Zhou Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the relation between independent director attention and the cost of equity capital. Masulis and Mobbs find that a director with multiple directorships distributes her time and effort (i.e., attention) unequally according to the relative prestige of each directorship. We investigate whether a firm's cost of equity capital reflects such unequal distribution of attention by its directors. We find that firms receiving more director attention are associated with a lower cost of equity capital. These firms also have higher accounting information quality. Moreover, the attention from audit committee directors matters more than that from other directors in reducing the cost of equity capital. Robustness checks show that the results are not driven by firm size. Overall, our evidence is consistent with director attention reducing the cost of equity capital through effective monitoring that increases accounting information quality.
Unusual cause for loss of left ventricular capture in patient with cardiac resynchronization due to tuberculous pericarditis
Authors: Tse Yiu‐Hei , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report a case of 37‐year‐old man implanted with cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator presented with persistent low‐grade fever and sudden loss of left ventricular (LV) capture from coronary sinus lead after generator replacement. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography scan showed increased uptake at posterolateral region of the pericardium adjacent to the LV lead, suggestive of possible lead‐related infection. Combined percutaneous and surgical lead extraction revealed purulent pericarditis and polymerase chain reaction testing confirmed tuberculous (TB) pericarditis. TB pericarditis is an unusual cause of loss of LV capture, but should be considered in countries where TB is still endemic.
A literature review on function and regulation mechanism of DKK4
Authors: Lou Xiaoli , Meng Yuchen , Hou Yanqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDickkopf‐related protein 4 (DKK4) is a member of the dickkopf family and an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. This review surveyed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variations (CNVs), hypermethylation, regulation mechanism, correlation with clinicopathological parameters and chemotherapeutic resistance of DKK4. The signal pathways involved in DKK4 mainly include Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and Wnt‐JNK pathway independent β‐catenin. DKK4 expression was upregulated in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), Colorectal Cancer, Gastric Cancer (GC), Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC), while downregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). DKK4 is not only involved in tumour growth, invasion, migration and chemotherapy resistance, but also in osteoblastogenesis and secondary hair or meibomian gland formation. DKK4 has also been linked to schizophrenia.
Prevalence of swallowing difficulties in older people without neurological disorders: Swallowing profile of older people in the city of Santos, Brazil
Authors: Diaz Juliana Gonzalez , Lombardi Império 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral studies report that 40% to 60% of older people have some difficulty chewing and/or swallowing, which can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, a lack of eating desire, etc. Identify older adults with swallowing difficulties in the city of Santos, Brazil, among users of the public healthcare system. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 100 individuals aged 60 to 90 years with no neurological disorders. Patient histories were taken, and stomatognathic evaluations were performed. The Mini Mental Health Examination (MMHE) and swallowing‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire (SWAL‐QOL) were administered. The clinical swallowing assessment was performed with liquid, pasty and solid foods using two assessment protocols (Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol and the Protocol for the Introduction and Transition of Foods)’. We found complaints of poorly adapted dentures among 49.3% of denture wearers and a high prevalence of hypofunction of oro‐facial muscles. Sixty‐five per cent of the respondents had facial muscle hypofunction, 51% exhibited lip hypofunction, and 49% exhibited tongue hypofunction. Moreover, 54% reported difficulty swallowing. On the SWAL‐QOL questionnaire, 37% reported choking when eating food, 44% reported choking when drinking liquids, 29% reported coughing during meals, and 77% reported difficulty chewing. The present study revealed an important prevalence of complaints related to swallowing difficulties among older people in the city of Santos with structural and physiological changes characteristic of presbyphagia. The most prevalent conditions were poorly adapted dentures and hypofunction of oro‐facial muscles, underscoring the importance of stomatognathic interventions in primary care.
COVID‐19 and how the wearing of face coverings can affect those with an experience of trauma
Authors: Welfare‐Wilson Alison , Adley Lenna , Bell Zoe , Luby Rachel 
Published: February 2021

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

With the ongoing and possible evolving use of face coverings as a public health protection measure against the transmission of COVID‐19, this is likely to be an ongoing challenge for those who find their use challenging.

The wearing of face coverings following trauma is likely to be of ongoing relevance, making this an area that would benefit from further research.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The authors present their personal and professional experiences as a means of highlighting the difficulties that can be faced as a result of the use of face coverings.

The window of tolerance helps to understand the difficulties that can be caused by wearing face coverings and provides a visual means of conceptualizing the cognitive, behavioural, physiological and emotional reactions that can occur as a result of their use.

What are the implications for practice?

This paper provides an awareness of the link between trauma and the wearing of face coverings, and how their use could be re‐traumatizing for those accessing services.

This topic is relevant across all sectors where it is only just beginning to be acknowledged that for many, particularly those with experiences of interpersonal trauma, difficulties can arise due to the use of face coverings.

The sharing of grounding techniques and an introduction to the window of tolerance provides a means of collaboratively developing skills and developing a shared understanding of the difficulties associated with the use of face coverings.
Thermal Tolerance May Slow, But Not Prevent, the Spread of Sargassumhorneri (Phaeophyceae) along the California, USA and Baja California, MEX Coastline
Authors: Small Sadie L. , Edwards Matthew S. 
Published: February 2021

Biological invasions have become increasingly prevalent in marine ecosystems, modifying biodiversity and altering the way ecosystems function. Understanding how variation in environmental factors influences the success of non‐native species, especially their early life stages, can be a crucial step in identifying habitats that are under threat of invasion, and in predicting how rapidly and far these species may spread once they arrive in novel habitats. The invasive marine macroalga Sargassum horneri was first observed in Long Beach Harbor, CA, USA in 2003, and has since spread throughout the Southern California Bight and along the Baja California Peninsula, MEX where it now forms dense stands on subtidal rocky reefs and displaces native habitat‐forming macroalgae. We examined how variation in temperature, nutrients, and irradiance affect survival, growth, and development in S. horneri early life stages over a three‐week period. Our experimental treatments consisted of orthogonally crossed temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C), nutrient concentrations (ambient and nutrient‐enriched seawater), and irradiances (50 and 500 µmol photons · m−2 · s−1). Overall, temperature exerted the greatest influence on S. horneri’s germling and juvenile life stages, with moderate temperatures facilitating their greatest survival, growth, and development. In contrast, fewer germlings developed fully under the lowest or highest temperatures, and juvenile survival and growth were reduced, especially when combined with low irradiances. Together, our data suggest that ocean temperatures of or below 10˚C and of or above 25°C may slow, but likely not stop, S. horneri’s northward and southward expansion along the California and Baja California coasts.
A multimedia multilanguage web‐based platform can assess and increase the awareness on HCV infection of Pakistani people living in Italy
Authors: Frazzoni Leonardo , Sikandar Usama , Mazzella Giuseppe , Fuccio Lorenzo , Bazzoli Franco , Brillanti Stefano , Azzaroli Francesco 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTGlobal eradication of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is hindered by infection persistence among high‐prevalence ethnic groups with insufficient access to care. Educational interventions to raise awareness on HCV have led to identification of submerged HCV cases. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web‐based platform to assess and raise the awareness of HCV among Pakistani people living in northern Italy. We created a website in Italian and Urdu language (https://survey‐hcv6.webnode.it), and shared it to Pakistani people in Emilia‐Romagna through Facebook groups. Participants had to fill a 15‐item questionnaire on HCV infection, then watch a video on HCV, and respond to the questionnaire again. McNemar's chi‐square and negative binomial multivariable regression analysis yielding incidence rate ratio (IRR) were applied. 339 subjects from 600 (57%) participated and filled the baseline questionnaire. The knowledge on HCV infection was scanty. For instance, 32% were not aware of HCV, 42% only knew that HCV infection may be long term, and only 14% knew the access to DAA treatment is provided by the Health Service. Independent predictors of worse knowledge on HCV were male gender (IRR 1.19), low instruction level (IRR 1.26), Urdu language preference (IRR 1.22), past use of intravenous drugs (1.2) and no previous HCV testing (IRR 1.36). The educational video significantly improved the knowledge on HCV among 67 subjects who refilled the questionnaire, as 97% were later aware of HCV, 99% of the long‐term duration of HCV infection and 93% of the access to DAAs provided by Italian Health Service. We found a modest level of knowledge on HCV infection among Pakistani people in northern Italy, identifying predictors of worse awareness. We provided a multimedia platform which significantly improved the knowledge on HCV infection. Consequently, this approach might translate into an improved linkage to care.
Asymmetric contributions of seed and pollen to gene dispersal in the marsh orchidDactylorhiza umbrosain Asia Minor
Authors: Hedrén Mikael , Birkedal Sven , de Boer Hugo , Ghorbani Abdolbaset , Gravendeel Barbara , Hansson Sven , Svensson Åke , Zarre Shahin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrchids differ from other plants in their extremely small and partly air‐filled seeds that can be transported long distances by wind. Seed dispersal in orchids is expected to contribute strongly to overall gene flow, and orchids generally express low levels of genetic differentiation between populations and low pollen to seed flow ratios. However, studies in orchids distributed in northern Europe have often found a poor geographic structuring of genetic variation. Here, we studied geographic differentiation in the marsh orchidDactylorhiza umbrosa, which is widely distributed in upland regions from Asia Minor to Central Asia. These areas were less affected by Pleistocene ice ages than northern Europe and the orchid should have been able to survive the last ice age in local refugia. In the plastid genome, which is dispersed by seeds, populations at close distance were clearly divergent, but the differentiation still increased with geographic distance, and a significant phylogeographic structure had developed. In the nuclear genome, which is dispersed by both seeds and pollen, populations showed an even stronger correlation between genetic and geographic distance, but average levels of differentiation were lower than in the plastid genome, and no phylogeographic structure was evident. Combining plastid and nuclear data, we found that the ratio of pollen to seed dispersal (mp/ms) decreases with physical distance. Comparison with orchids that grow in parts of Europe that were glaciated during the last ice suggests that a balanced structure of genetic diversity develops only slowly in many terrestrial orchids, despite efficient seed dispersal.
Beyond the Critique of Soteriological Individualism: Relationality and Social Cognition
Authors: Zahl Simeon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines an influential conceptual trope in theology and biblical studies: the distinction between ‘individualistic’ and ‘communal’ orientations as a typology for distinguishing soteriological frameworks. This distinction has been widely deployed in Paul studies, in particular, where for decades it has been invoked in order to illuminate problems with traditional Protestant soteriologies. The present article clarifies and extends recent critiques of the ‘individualism vs. communalism’ trope by drawing on conceptual tools from the fields of social cognition and social emotion. It argues that in appealing to the ‘individualism vs. communalism’ trope Paul scholars have often been operating with unarticulated assumptions about the shaping effects of soteriological frameworks on Christian experience that are subject to analysis and critique. After identifying four such assumptions, conceptual tools psychologists have developed for understanding the experience of social relation between human and human‐like agents are explicated. It is argued that these psychological resources can augment and extend recent suggestions by Susan Eastman, Volker Rabens, and others that individuality and relationality are mutually entangled rather than opposed in Paul. Finally, it is suggested that analyzing Paul’s soteriology through the lens of relational experience and social emotion can open up new hermeneutical vistas for both theologians and biblical scholars.
ANNEXIN1 mediates calcium‐dependent systemic defense in Arabidopsis plants upon herbivory and wounding
Authors: Malabarba Jaiana , Meents Anja K. , Reichelt Michael , Scholz Sandra S. , Peiter Edgar , Rachowka Julia , Konopka‐Postupolska Dorota , Wilkins Katie A. , Davies Julia M. , Oelmüller Ralf , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Cellular calcium (Ca) transients are endogenous signals involved in local and systemic signaling and defense activation upon environmental stress, including wounding and herbivory. Still, not all Ca2+ channels contributing to the signaling have been identified, nor are their modes of action fully known. Plant annexins are proteins capable of binding to anionic phospholipids and can exhibit Ca channel‐like activity. Arabidopsis ANNEXIN1 (ANN1) is suggested to contribute to Ca transport.

Here, we report that wounding and simulated‐herbivory‐induced cytosolic free Ca elevation was impaired in systemic leaves in ann1 loss‐of‐function plants. We provide evidence for a role of ANN1 in local and systemic defense of plants attacked by herbivorous Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

Bioassays identified ANN1 as a positive defense regulator. Spodoptera littoralis feeding on ann1 gained significantly more weight than larvae feeding on wild‐type, whereas those feeding on ANN1‐overexpressing lines gained less weight. Herbivory and wounding both induced defense‐related responses on treated leaves, such as jasmonate accumulation and defense gene expression. These responses remained local and were strongly reduced in systemic leaves in ann1 plants.

Our results indicate that ANN1 plays an important role in activation of systemic rather than local defense in plants attacked by herbivorous insects.
The effects of state facial surgery mandates on timeliness of primary cleft repair surgery in the United States
Authors: Lyu Wei , Wanchek Tanya , Wehby George L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the effects of state facial surgery mandates on the timeliness of primary cleft repair surgery for privately insured children with oral clefts in the United States.Materials and MethodsUsing IBM Health MarketScan® Database from 2001 to 2017, we estimate regression models separately for age at cleft lip repair and cleft palate repair by having a mandate while considering child‐level factors and other state differences. The sample includes 1,451 children who had primary cleft lip repair by age 12 months, and 1,402 children who had primary cleft palate repair by age 18 months.ResultsA mandate was associated with earlier cleft lip repair by 13 days (95% CI, −21.5 to −4.7 days) when controlling for state differences, regardless if the child had other birth defects. For children needing cleft palate repair, a mandate was associated with earlier surgery by 87 days (95% CI, −136.1 to −38.4 days) only when no other birth defects were present.ConclusionsState facial surgery mandates were associated with earlier cleft lip repair for children with or without other birth defects, and earlier cleft palate repair for children without other birth defects (besides oral clefts). Findings suggest benefits to privately insured children with oral clefts from state mandates to cover needed services.
Agro‐ecology, resource endowment and indigenous knowledge interactions modulate soil fertility in mixed farming systems in Central and Western Ethiopia
Authors: Agumas Birhanu , Balume Isaac , Musyoki Mary K. , Benz Martin , Nziguheba Generose , Marohn Carsten , Vanlauwe Bernard , Cadisch Georg , Rasche Frank 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSite‐specific soil fertility management requires a fundamental understanding of factors that modulate soil fertility variability in the local context. To verify this assumption, this study hypothesized that soil fertility variability across two regions in Central and Western Ethiopia is determined by inter‐related effects of agro‐ecological zones and farmers’ resource endowment (‘wealthy’ versus ‘poor’ farmers). Mid‐infrared spectroscopy coupled to partial least squares regression (midDRIFTS‐PLSR) and wet‐laboratory analyses were used to assess the soil fertility (soil pH, total soil carbon [TC] and nitrogen [TN], plant‐available phosphorous [Pav] and potassium [Kav]) across four agro‐ecological zones: ‘High‐Dega’ (HD), ‘Dega’ (D), ‘Weina‐Dega’ (WD) and ‘Kola’ (K). MidDRIFTS peak area analysis of spectral frequencies (2,930 [aliphatic C‐H], 1,620 [aromatic C = C], 1,159 [C‐O poly‐alcoholic and ether groups] cm‐1) was applied to characterize soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and to calculate the SOC stability index (1,620:2,930). Higher TC in HD, as well as higher TN and Kav contents in K were found in fields of wealthy compared with poor farmers. Resource endowment dependent soil fertility management options revealed SOC of higher quality in wealthy compared with poor farms in D. Agro‐ecological zones distinctions contributed to these soil fertility differences. Farmers distinguished visually fertile and less fertile fields based on soil colour. Higher pH in K and WD as well as Pav in K and HD were found in fertile (brown/black) than less fertile (red) soils. To conclude, tailor‐made soil fertility management in the local context must consider agro‐ecological zones and resource endowment interactions along with farmers’ indigenous knowledge.
Alleviating Cd translocation and accumulation in soil–rice systems: Combination of foliar spraying of nano‐Si or nano‐Se and soil application of nano‐humus
Authors: Deng Siwei , Li Peirou , Li Yunzhen , Ran Zongxin , Peng Yunxiao , Yang Shili , He Huan , Zhou Kuan , Yu Jiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) contamination in farmland is extensive in China. Thus, exploring a cost‐effective and practical approach to control Cd contamination and ensure the sustainable use of soil is essential. Agronomic management practices, such as foliar spraying of nano‐silicon (nano‐Si) or nano‐selenium (nano‐Se), and soil amendments are very effective in soil contamination control and ensuring agricultural security. In this study, foliar application of nano‐Si (or Se) and soil application of nano‐humus were combined and applied to Cd‐contaminated soil (1.9 mg kg‐1) sown with rice. The application of nano‐humus in soil mainly reduced the proportion of oxidizable Cd and inhibited Cd migration from soil to rice. Cd translocation to the grain in rice was prevented by foliar application of nano‐Si or nano‐Se. Importantly, foliar application of 0.025 mM nano‐Se decreased Cd in rice grain to around 72% of that in the control, leading to a Cd content lower than the Cd standard limit in rice (0.2 mg kg‐1). These findings indicate that foliar spraying and soil treatment can improve the tolerance of rice to Cd and prevent Cd migration into the grain.
Quality improvement interventions for Bedside Transfusion safety: An experience from a tertiary healthcare centre of Western India
Authors: Nair Revathy , Anne Puneeth Babu , Mishra Praveen Kumar , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Archana Bajpayee 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundQuality indicators in Transfusion Medicine are critically important aspects that can be measured and utilized to design interventions for continuous quality improvement. Interventions for improvement in bedside transfusion practices are required to check the adherence to standard protocol for safe transfusion.Study design and methodsA prospective study was conducted with a structured checklist survey of 4 key elements, to collect data for baseline assessment phase I survey, subsequently phase II survey repeated after introduction of Transfusion Monitoring Form and Telephonic reminders from blood bank. Pre‐ and Post‐intervention data collected, tabulated and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23).ResultsIdentification of Patient, Transfusion initiation within 30 min of issue, Vitals monitoring during transfusion and completion of transfusion within time limit are the four key elements of quality indicators were checked pre‐ and post‐intervention. Mean composite score of quality indicators before intervention was 2·3 ± 1·3 and increased to 3·2 ± 1·3 (P value < 0·001) after implementation of the Transfusion Monitoring form and Reminder calls from Blood Bank.ConclusionManufacturing good quality blood components alone does not ensure good transfusion services. Active interventions by Transfusion specialist ensure good bedside transfusion practices. Introduction of blood transfusion monitoring form and Telephonic reminders from the blood centre brought in significant changes in the existing bedside transfusion practices and safer transfusion at our centre.