bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right/Left Ventricular Blood Pool T2 Ratio as an Innovative Cardiac MRI Screening Tool for the Identification of Left‐to‐Right Shunts in Patients With Right Ventricular Disease
Authors: Emrich Tilman , Bordonaro Veronica , Schoepf U. Joseph , Petrescu Aniela , Young Gabrielle , Halfmann Moritz , Schoeler Theresia , Decker Josua , Abidoye Ibukun , Emrich Anna Lena , Kreitner Karl‐Friedrich , Schmidt Kai Helge , Varga‐Szemes Akos , Secinaro Aurelio 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLeft‐to‐right (L‐R) shunts are characterized by a pathological connection between high‐ and low‐pressure systems, leading to a mixing of oxygen‐rich blood with low oxygenated blood. They are typically diagnosed by phase‐contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which requires extensive planning. T2 is sensitive to blood oxygenation and may be able to detect oxygenation differences between the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) caused by L‐R shunts.PurposeTo test the feasibility of routine T2 mapping to detect L‐R shunts.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationPatients with known L‐R shunts (N = 27), patients with RV disease without L‐R shunts (N = 21), and healthy volunteers (HV; N = 52).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 and 3 T/balanced steady‐state free‐precession (bSSFP) sequence (cine imaging), T2‐prepared bSSFP sequence (T2 mapping), and velocity sensitized gradient echo sequence (phase‐contrast MRI).AssessmentAortic (Qs) and pulmonary (Qp) flow was measured by phase‐contrast imaging, and the Qp/Qs ratio was calculated as a measure of shunt severity. T2 maps were used to measure T2 in the RV and LV and the RV/LV T2 ratio was calculated. Cine imaging was used to calculate RV end‐diastolic volume index (RV‐EDVi).Statistical TestsWilcoxon test, paired t‐tests, Spearmen correlation coefficient, receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Significance level P < 0.05.ResultsThe Qp/Qs and T2 ratios in L‐R shunt patients (1.84 ± 0.84 and 0.89 ± 0.07) were significantly higher compared to those in patients with RV disease (1.01 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.10) and in HV (1.04 ± 0.04 and 0.71 ± 0.09). A T2 ratio of >0.78 showed a sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 100%, 73.9%, and 100%, respectively, for the detection of L‐R shunts. The T2 ratio was strongly correlated with the severity of the shunt (r = 0.83).Data ConclusionRV/LV T2 ratio is an imaging biomarker that may be able to detect or rule‐out L‐R shunts. Such a diagnostic tool may prevent unnecessary phase‐contrast acquisitions in cases with RV dilatation of unknown etiology.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Evaluation of Abbott Architect, Siemens Immulite, bioMerieux Vidas, and Euroimmune assays for determination of Epstein–Barr virus serological diagnosis
Authors: Appak Ozgur , Ozkaratas Muge H. , Sayiner Ayca A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSerological tests detecting antibodies for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status. Several new automated assays are available for this purpose. We compared the performance of Architect, Immulite, Vidas, and Euroimmune immunofluorescence assays (IFA)/enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) immunoglobulin M (IgM), VCA IgG, Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐1 IgG. The routine diagnosis of EBV in our laboratory is done by anti‐EBV VCA IgM IFT, anti‐EBV VCA IgG IFT, and anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG ELISA (Euroimmune) Kits. Samples were tested with EBV Kits of Architect, Immulite, and Vidas for anti‐VCA IgM, anti‐VCA IgG, and anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG. The agreement between assays was calculated for each marker individually and for the determination of the EBV infection profile, based on the combination of three markers. BIOCHIP Sequence EBV (Avidity test) and/or EUROLINE EBV Profile 2 (IgG/IgM) were used as confirmatory assays to resolve discrepancies. The best concordance for VCA IgM detection was between Immulite and Vidas; for VCA IgG and EBNA‐1 IgG were between Architect and Vidas. The sensitivities and specificities for VCA IgM were 97% and 88% for IFA, 100% and 94% for Architect, 100% and 99% for Vidas, and 100% and 100% for Immulite, respectively. The most problematic marker was EBNA‐1 IgG with a 68.1% specificity by Immulite. Vidas panel had a perfect performance (100%) for determining all EBV profiles. Overall, evaluated assays had comparable performance. There were more discordant VCA IgG and EBNA‐1 IgG results than VCA IgM results. The agreement between Architect and Vidas was better than other assays.
2DEG characteristics of InAlAs/InP based HEMTs by solving Schrödinger and Poisson equations followed by device characteristics
Authors: Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Singh Rajan , Tripathy Susanta Kumar , Goyal Vishal , Nguyen Truong Khang , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper the 2DEG characteristics study of InAlAs/InP based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with two different channel materials (InAlAs and InGaAs) are presented through self‐consistent solutions of Schrodinger and Poisson equations which results in energy bands, sheet charge density, electric field, sheet resistance and CV charactristics. The 2DEG (two dimensional electron gas) is created at the heterointerface of InAlAs/In(Al,Ga)As due to conduction energy band discontinuity. The 2DEG is realised by the presence of subbands at the quantum well. The subbands represent the wave function of electrons. The innovation of this work is that InAlAs and InGaAs with x = 0.75 composition can be best utilised as channel material due to low bandgaps 0.821 and 0.639 eV respectively towards improved 2DEG density, subbands, channel sheet resistance, electric field in the 2DEG and CV characteristics. The DC characteristics comprised of Id ~ Vg, Id ~ Vd, transconductance, cut‐off frequency, maximum frequency of oscillation are extracted through TCAD simulations followed by experimental validation. The InGaAs/InP based HEMT can be a potential candidate for ultra‐high‐speed microwave and millimetre wave applications.
Variability of maximum and minimum monthly mean air temperatures over mainland Spain and their relationship with low‐variability atmospheric patterns for period 1916–2015
Authors: González‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Beguería Santiago , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Sandonis Leire 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe analysis of monthly air temperature trends over mainland Spain during 1916–2015 shows that warming has not been constant over time nor generalized among different months; it has not been synchronous for maximum and minimum air temperatures; and it has been heterogeneous in space. Temperature rose during two characteristic pulses separated by a pause around the middle of the 20th century in some months. In other months, only the second rising period is identified, or no warming can be found. In all months, and both for maximum and minimum air temperatures, a stagnation of the increasing trend is observed in the last two decades of the study period. High spatial variability exists in trend signal and significance, and two contrasting temporal patterns of advance over the study area are identified for maximum and minimum air temperatures. These patterns can be related to prevalent flow directions and relief disposition with respect to the flows associated with low‐variability meteorological patterns North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WEMO). The results show that warming is a complex phenomenon at regional and sub‐regional scales that can only be analysed using high‐spatial‐resolution data and considering global and local factors.
Raman spectroscopy in the quality analysis of dairy products: A literature review
Authors: Silva Monisa Gouvêa , de Paula Igor Lima , Stephani Rodrigo , Edwards Howell G.M. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work presents a review on the use of Raman spectroscopy in the evaluation of the quality control of dairy products. Milk and dairy products are globally extremely important foodstuffs both economically and nutritionally and require adherence to quality standards for production, industrialization, and commercialization; in addition to the several more common analytical methods that can be used to effect quality controls, Raman spectroscopic techniques can prove to be advantageous for carrying out the analyses of the parameters that are required by various government agencies in the quality control of dairy products. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the feasibility of applying Raman spectroscopic techniques in the quality control of these products. Through the critical analysis of the scientific documents that were used as a reference, the data related to the analysis of the parameters required by government agencies were found relating to the adulterants found in milk matrices. It was concluded that Raman spectroscopy is a viable and advantageous technique for the analysis of milk and milk derivatives.
Responses of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) with different low‐nitrogen tolerances during recovery from nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Ruan Li , Wei Kang , Li Jianwu , He Mengdi , Wu Liyun , Aktar Shirin , Wang Liyuan , Cheng Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTea plants have high nitrogen (N) consumptions, whereas molecular and physiological responses of tea plants to N recovery are still unclear.RESULTSBy using non‐invasive micro‐test technology (NMT), 15N tracer technique, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and transcriptome sequencing technology, we investigated the N recovery‐induced changes in N absorptions, N tissue distributions, contents of free amino acids (FAAs), and global transcription of the low‐N tolerant and intolerant tea genotypes [i.e. Wuniuzao (W) and Longjing43 (L)]. The results showed that the phenotype of Wuniuzao was better than that of Longjing43 under low‐N condition. The N absorption and utilization of Wuniuzao were superior to Longjing43 under N recovery. The γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ratio (N recovery/N deficiency) in the root of Wuniuzao was significantly higher than that of Longjing43, while the glutamic acid ratio in the root of Wuniuzao was significantly lower than that of Longjing43. This findings suggested that Wuniuzao tended to enhance the GABA synthesis, while Longjing43 tended to inhibit the GABA synthesis under N recovery. The key genes in response to N recovery in Wuniuzao included N transport (AMT and NRT), N transformation (NR, NirA, and GAD), and amino acid transport (GAT) genes. In addition, some ribosome and flavonoid biosynthesis genes might help to maintain proteome homeostasis.CONCLUSIONThe N absorption and transport, and the conversion abilities of key amino acids (Glu and GABA) might improve the adaptability of tea plants to N recovery, which provided a basis for the breeding of N efficient tea varieties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Autologous Lipoaugmentation Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luke Alex S. , Logan Ashley M. , Gawlik Alexandria E. , Dion Gregory R. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold (VF) lipoaugmentation can be employed to treat glottal insufficiency although variable data exist on its length of effectiveness. We aimed to review published long‐term outcomes following lipoaugmentation across the literature and compile outcome data.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic search in September 2020 of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to identify 128 relevant articles related to VF lipoaugmentation effectiveness duration. Primary search terms included the following: vocal cord, fat, lipo, and atrophy. Forty‐eight full‐text articles were reviewed and 31 were included in the final analysis. Primary endpoints included the following: duration of effectiveness per patient‐reported outcome measures, objective findings, and additional procedures performed. In addition, fat harvest location and processing techniques were recorded.FindingsThirty‐one studies totaling 764 patients were included in the review. Indications for augmentation were VF paralysis (N = 690) and atrophy (N = 74). Fat was harvested from the abdominal region in 21 studies (529 patients), the thigh/abdomen in 5 studies (91 patients), and buccal/submental region in 2 studies (33 patients). Processing techniques and injectable volume varied. Across included studies, only 11 of 764 patients (1.4%) reported no improvement in voice and/or swallowing. Within the first year, 71 of 608 patients (11.7%) reported a regression toward baseline. Beyond 1 year and up to 8 years, 27 of 214 patients (12.6%) reported regression from initial improvement. Thirty‐three patients underwent additional procedures.ConclusionAlthough improvements in voice and swallowing after lipoaugmentation taper over time, most patients experienced long‐term benefit. Laryngoscope, 132:1042–1053, 2022
Quantitative time‐of‐flight MR angiography for simultaneous luminal and hemodynamic evaluation of the intracranial arteries
Authors: Koktzoglou Ioannis , Huang Rong , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo report a quantitative time‐of‐flight (qTOF) MRA technique for simultaneous luminal and hemodynamic evaluation of the intracranial arteries.MethodsImplemented using a thin overlapping slab 3D stack‐of‐stars based 3‐echo FLASH readout, qTOF was tested in a flow phantom and for imaging the intracranial arteries of 10 human subjects at 3 Tesla. Display of the intracranial arteries with qTOF was compared to resolution‐matched and scan time‐matched standard Cartesian 3D time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA, whereas quantification of mean blood flow velocity with qTOF, done using a computer vision‐based inter‐echo image analysis procedure, was compared to 3D phase contrast MRA. Arterial‐to‐background contrast‐to‐noise ratio was measured, and intraclass correlation coefficient was used to evaluate agreement of flow velocities.ResultsFor resolution‐matched protocols of similar scan time, qTOF portrayed the intracranial arteries with good morphological correlation with standard Cartesian TOF, and both techniques provided superior contrast‐to‐noise ratio and arterial delineation compared to phase contrast (20.6 ± 3.0 and 37.8 ± 8.7 vs. 11.5 ± 2.2, P < .001, both comparisons). With respect to phase contrast, qTOF showed excellent agreement for measuring mean flow velocity in the flow phantom (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981, P < .001) and good agreement in the intracranial arteries (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.700, P < .001). Stack‐of‐stars data sampling used with qTOF eliminated oblique in‐plane flow misregistration artifacts that were seen with standard Cartesian TOF.ConclusionqTOF is a new 3D MRA technique for simultaneous luminal and hemodynamic evaluation of the intracranial arteries that provides significantly greater contrast‐to‐noise ratio efficiency than phase contrast and eliminates misregistration artifacts from oblique in‐plane blood flow that occur with standard 3D TOF.
Permanent antimicrobial polymethyl methacrylate prepared by chemical bonding with poly(hexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride)
Authors: Shi Han , Zhuang Qixin , Zheng Anna , Zhan Pengfei , Guan Yong , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Wu Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe alkyl‐terminated poly(hexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride) (PHMG‐L), which is antibacterial by physical membrane rupture, was selected as the functional gene, a nonleaching antimicrobial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was developed by the melting grafting reaction between the random copolymer P (MMA‐co‐MAH) containing 5.0 wt% maleic anhydride (MAH) and the PHMG‐L. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, energy spectrometer, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyzer, UV–visible spectrophotometer confirmed that P(MMA‐g‐PHMG) had been successfully prepared, and the grafting efficiency was at 67.1%–70.7% while 1.0–3.0 wt% PHMG‐L was added. Furthermore, P(MMA‐g‐PHMG) was compatible with PMMA, and partially enriched on the surface of the mixture. The inhibition rates of antimicrobial PMMA with 3.0 wt% PHMG‐L against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.9%, and the nonleaching characteristic ensured the safety and long‐term antimicrobial property. The antimicrobial PMMA also possessed excellent heat resistance and transparency. This study provides a green and promising approach for the industrial fabrication of antimicrobial PMMA.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Violations of the positivity assumption in the causal analysis of observational data: Consequences and statistical approaches
Authors: Zhu Yaqian , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Chubak Jessica , Roy Jason , Mitra Nandita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the causal analysis of observational data, the positivity assumption requires that all treatments of interest be observed in every patient subgroup. Violations of this assumption are indicated by nonoverlap in the data in the sense that patients with certain covariate combinations are not observed to receive a treatment of interest, which may arise from contraindications to treatment or small sample size. In this paper, we emphasize the importance and implications of this often‐overlooked assumption. Further, we elaborate on the challenges nonoverlap poses to estimation and inference and discuss previously proposed methods. We distinguish between structural and practical violations and provide insight into which methods are appropriate for each. To demonstrate alternative approaches and relevant considerations (including how overlap is defined and the target population to which results may be generalized) when addressing positivity violations, we employ an electronic health record‐derived data set to assess the effects of metformin on colon cancer recurrence among diabetic patients.
An enhanced double homogeneously weighted moving average control chart to monitor process location with application in automobile field
Authors: Anwar Syed Masroor , Aslam Muhammad , Zaman Babar , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe memory control charts, including cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts, are widely used to monitor small‐to‐moderate shifts in the process location and/or dispersion. The homogenously weighted moving average (HWMA) control chart is the advanced form of the EWMA control chart to monitor process location shifts. Besides, the auxiliary information‐based memory control charts efficiently monitor process location shifts. The objective of this study is to propose an auxiliary information based double HWMA, symbolized as control chart to further enhance the monitoring of process location shifts. The control chart is modeled by mixing the auxiliary information‐based HWMA plotting statistic features into the other HWMA control chart. For numerical results, Monte Carlo simulations are used as a computational technique. Famous performance measures including average run length (), extra quadratic loss, relative , and performance comparison index are used to compare the performance of proposed control chart against other control charts including classical CUSUM and EWMA, mixed ‐, auxiliary information based EWMA (), HWMA, auxiliary information based HWMA (), and double HWMA control charts. The comparisons revealed that the proposed control chart outperformed other control charts, especially for small‐to‐moderate process location shifts. An automobile braking system application is also provided for users and practitioners to demonstrate the importance of the proposed study from a practical perspective.
Descriptive analysis of nematode management practices and Nematodirus battus control strategies on UK sheep farms
Authors: Melville Lynsey A. , Innocent Giles , Van Dijk Jan , Mitchell Sian , Bartley David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFarm management practices have a major impact on nematode population dynamics. The presented study aimed to understand current nematode management practices on UK sheep farms; with a particular focus on Nematodirus battus because of the changing epidemiology, and emerging anthelmintic resistance observed in this species.MethodsA 42 question online survey covering grazing management, farm demographics and parasite control strategies was developed and distributed to the farming community in 2016. Analysis of the 187 completed questionnaires explored regional variations in practices.ResultsUptake of recommendations was variable, particularly quarantine practices and monitoring tools. Results also highlighted variation in the epidemiology of N. battus; respondents in the north (Scotland, north‐west and north‐east England) typically reported N. battus in spring with a perception of more severe clinical symptoms than those from the south (Midlands, Wales, south‐east and south‐west England; p = 0.03). Farms in the south observed greater changes in the timing of disease (p = 0.006) with N. battus being reported throughout the year on some holdings and more frequent use of faecal egg count monitoring (p = 0.006).ConclusionsControl of N. battus infection is challenging and ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ advice is not applicable; however, the information gathered will enable the development of effective, adaptable control strategies.
Structure and Thermal Transformations of Methylammonium Tungstate
Authors: Candra Sukmana Ndaru , Sugiarto  , Zhang Zhenxin , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMethylammonium paradodecatungstate, (CH3NH3)10[H2W12O42] ⋅ nH2O, was prepared by the reaction of WO3 or H2WO4 in aqueous methylamine, followed by drying. The [H2W12O42]10− anion consists of two HW3O13 groups containing three edge‐sharing WO6 octahedra and two W3O14 groups having two edge‐sharing connections. On drying the produced material at 70 °C, some lattice water was released, but this did not affect the [H2W12O42]10− structure, although there was a decrease in the unit cell volume. By adding water, the loss of lattice water and structural changes were reversed. The existence of paradodecatungstate anions was confirmed by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, 183W nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. When the methylammonium paradodecatungstate was heated to more than 150 °C, CH3NH2 and H2O were released, and amorphous WO3 was observed as an intermediate product and monoclinic WO3 as the final product. These results reveal the structure of methylammonium tungstate, which was first reported in 1909 and now is used as an important negative staining reagent for virus observation, is methylammonium paradodecatungstate.