bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ictal syncope or isolated syncope? A case report highlighting the overlap
Authors: Fanous Yehia , Astrada Miguel A , Mirsattari Seyed , Khan Habib R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Ictal bradyarrhythmia is a rare condition defined by temporal lobe epilepsy resulting in bradycardia or asystole and can result in syncope. This needs to be differentiated from isolated syncope in patients with seizure disorder, as treatment strategies differ.

Case summary
A 50-year-old female with well-controlled temporal epilepsy and a 20-year seizure-free period presented to her neurologist with abrupt onset of sudden drop attacks thought to be ictal events with potential underlying ictal bradyarrhythmia and was initially treated with escalation of anticonvulsant therapy. However, her workup was consistent with a diagnosis of cardiac syncope. She subsequently underwent successful insertion of a pacemaker, with no recurrence of her presenting episodes at a 13-month follow-up.

Discussion
Ictal syncope and isolated syncope may share a common terminal pathway and may have similar presenting symptoms. In patients with known seizure disorder, loss of consciousness may be attributable to epileptic events, ictal syncope, or isolated syncope—which can be difficult to differentiate. This case highlights the ambiguous nature of such episodes and the importance of simultaneous electroencephalogram/electrocardiogram monitoring, as this can have implications on treatment.
Sedentary Behavior and Happiness: The Mediation Effects of Social Capital
Authors: Yasunaga Akitomo , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Shibata Ai , Ishii Kaori , Miyawaki Rina , Araki Kuniko , Oka Koichiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study aimed to examine the associations between time spent in 6 different domains of sedentary behavior and happiness and whether social capital mediated such associations among adults and older adults living in a rural area of Japan.

Research Design and Methods
Cross-sectional data from 3,357 participants (mean age: 60 ± 16 years) were used. 6 domains of sedentary behavior, happiness, and social capital were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Age-stratified multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to examine the associations between 6 domains of sedentary behavior and happiness. For relationships where the direct effect was significant, we tested the mediating effects of 2 social capital measures.

Results
Among both adults and older adults, more time spent viewing television was significantly associated with lower happiness scores, and more time spent engaging in other leisure activities was significantly associated with higher happiness scores. In addition, more time spent using cell phones and computers was significantly associated with lower happiness scores among the adults. Engaging in activities with neighbors significantly mediated the relationship between other leisure activities and happiness in the adults and older adults, and between television viewing and happiness in the older adults.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings indicated that less television viewing and more mentally active sedentary behavior (e.g., talking with others and engaging in hobbies) were associated with greater happiness. One aspect of social capital, engaging in activities with neighbors, acts as a potential mediator for relationships between sedentary behavior and happiness.
Substrate complex structure, active site labeling and catalytic role of the zinc ion in cysteine glycosidase
Authors: Maruyama Shun , Sawano Kota , Amaki Satoko , Suzuki Takehiro , Narita Satoru , Kimura Kenta , Arakawa Takatoshi , Yamada Chihaya , Ito Yukishige , Dohmae Naoshi , Fujita Kiyotaka , Ishiwata Akihiro , Fushinobu Shinya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
β-l-Arabinofuranosidase HypBA1 from Bifidobacterium longum belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 127. At the active site of HypBA1, a cysteine residue (Cys417) coordinates with a Zn2+ atom and functions as the catalytic nucleophile for the anomer-retaining hydrolytic reaction. In this study, the role of Zn2+ ion and cysteine in catalysis as well as the substrate-bound structure were studied based on biochemical and crystallographic approaches. The enzymatic activity of HypBA1 decreased after dialysis in the presence of EDTA and guanidine hydrochloride and was then recovered by the addition of Zn2+. The Michaelis complex structure was determined using a crystal of a mutant at the acid/base catalyst residue (E322Q) soaked in a solution containing the substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-l-arabinofuranoside. To investigate the covalent thioglycosyl enzyme intermediate structure, synthetic inhibitors of l-arabinofuranosyl haloacetamide derivatives with different anomer configurations were used to target the nucleophilic cysteine. In the crystal structure of HypBA1, β-configured l-arabinofuranosylamide formed a covalent link with Cys417, whereas α-configured l-arabinofuranosylamide was linked to a noncatalytic residue Cys415. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that Cys415 was also reactive with the probe molecule. With the β-configured inhibitor, the arabinofuranoside moiety was correctly positioned at the subsite and the active site integrity was retained to successfully mimic the covalent intermediate state.
Altered Polarization and Impaired Phagocytic Activity of Lung Macrophages in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Akata Kentaro , Leung Janice M , Yamasaki Kei , Leitao Filho Fernando S , Yang Julia , Xi Yang Chen , Takiguchi Hiroto , Shaipanich Tawimas , Sahin Basak , Whalen Beth A , Yang Cheng Wei Tony , Sin Don D , van Eeden Stephan F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have an increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
We phenotyped lung macrophages in 4 subgroups—M1 (CD40+CD163−), M2 (CD40−CD163+), double positives (CD40+CD163+), and double negatives and (CD40−CD163−)—and we determined their phagocytic capacity in PWH with and without COPD.

Results
People with human immunodeficiency virus with COPD have more double-negative macrophages (84.1%) versus PWH without (54.3%) versus controls (23.9%) (P=.004) and reduced phagocytosis (P=.012). Double-negative macrophages had the worst phagocytic capacity (P&lt;.001).

Conclusions
People with human immunodeficiency virus with COPD have an abundance of nonpolarized macrophages, which have poor phagocytic capacity and therefore predispose PWH to increased risk of disease progression.
Oral and Anal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Sexually Active Men With HIV Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Tinggaard Michaela , Slotved Hans-Christian , Fuursted Kurt , Storgaard Merete , Dröse Sandra , Somuncu Johansen Isik , Thorsteinsson Kristina , Kronborg Gitte , Lebech Anne-Mette , Benfield Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
People with HIV are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. We investigate oral and anal carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae by molecular methods among 82 men with HIV who have sex with men (MSM). A questionnaire, oral wash, and anal swab samples were obtained at baseline and 12 months. Oral carriage rates were 32.9% (27/82) at baseline and 41.7% (30/72) at follow-up. Anal carriage rates were 2.4% (2/82) at baseline and 2.9% (2/70) at follow-up. Genogroup 24 was predominant. Results suggest high oral carriage rates of S. pneumoniae among MSM living with HIV. A minority were anal carriers.
Transmission and molecular characteristics of blaNDM-producing Escherichia coli between companion animals and their healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Min-Ge , Fang Chang , Liu Kai-Di , Wang Lin-Lin , Sun Ruan-Yang , Zhang Rong-Min , Fang Liang-Xing , Sun Jian , Liu Ya-Hong , Liao Xiao-Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the transmission and molecular characteristics of blaNDM-producing Escherichia coli between companion animals and their healthcare providers at veterinary clinics in Guangzhou, China.

Methods
A total of 359 samples from companion animals and their healthcare providers were collected at 14 veterinary clinics in Guangzhou, China. Genomic characteristics and clonal relationships for blaNDM-positive E. coli and complete plasmid sequences were characterized based on WGS data from combined Illumina and MinION platform reads.

Results
Forty-five blaNDM-positive bacteria were recovered from companion animals (n = 43) and their healthcare providers (n = 2) at 10 veterinary clinics. Overall, E. coli (73.3%, 33/45) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%, 6/45) were the most prevalent species among the seven species of blaNDM-positive bacteria. Four blaNDM variants (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, blaNDM-5 and blaNDM-7) were identified in 45 blaNDM-positive bacteria and blaNDM-5 was the most prevalent (77.8%, 35/45). WGS indicated that the most prevalent STs were ST405 (8/33), ST453 (6/33), ST457 (6/33) and ST410 (5/33) among the 33 blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates. Phylogenomics and PFGE analysis revealed that clonal spread of blaNDM-positive ST453 E. coli isolates between companion animals and their healthcare providers was evident. In addition, two novel IncFIB plasmids carrying blaNDM-4 (pF765_FIB and pG908_FIB) were found in this study and indicated that IS26 may promote the horizontal transmission of blaNDM between different plasmid types.

Conclusions
In this study we conducted a large-scale investigation on the prevalence of blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates from companion animals and their healthcare providers and revealed the clonal spread of blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates between these two groups.
Acceptability of innovative culture-based antibiotic prophylaxis strategies: a multi-method study on experiences regarding transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Tops Sofie C M , Huis Anita M P , Trompers Willeke , Oerlemans Anke J M , Sedelaar J P Michiel , Kolwijck Eva , Wertheim Heiman F L , Hulscher Marlies E J L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The acceptability of innovative medical strategies among healthcare providers and patients affects their uptake in daily clinical practice.

Objectives
To explore experiences of healthcare providers and patients with culture-based antibiotic prophylaxis in transrectal prostate biopsy with three swab-screening scenarios: self-sampling at home, self-sampling in the hospital and sampling by a healthcare provider.

Methods
We performed focus group interviews with urologists and medical microbiologists from 11 hospitals and six connected clinical microbiological laboratories. We used Flottorp’s comprehensive checklist for identifying determinants of practice to guide data collection and analysis. The experiences of 10 laboratory technicians from five laboratories and 452 patients from nine hospitals were assessed using a questionnaire.

Results
Overall, culture-based prophylaxis strategies were experienced as feasible in daily clinical practice. None of the three swab-screening scenarios performed better. For urologists (n = 5), implementation depended on the effectiveness of the strategy. In addition, it was important to them that the speed of existing oncology care pathways is preserved. Medical microbiologists (n = 5) and laboratory technicians (n = 8) expected the strategy to be fairly easy to implement. Patients (n = 430; response rate 95.1%) were generally satisfied with the screening scenario presented to them. To meet the various patients’ needs and preferences, multiple scenarios within a hospital are probably needed.

Conclusions
This multi-method study has increased our understanding of the acceptability of culture-based prophylaxis strategies in prostate biopsy, which can help healthcare providers to offer high-quality patient-centred care. The strategy seems relatively straightforward to implement as overall acceptance appears to be high.
Validation of the Thermo Scientific SureTect™ Escherichia coli O157:H7 and STEC Screening PCR Assay and SureTect™ Escherichia coli STEC Identification PCR Assay for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the Escherichia coli STEC Serotypes (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145) from Fresh Raw Spinach, Fresh Baby Leaves, Fresh Cut Tomatoes, Frozen Raw Beef, Raw Beef Trim, and Beef Carcass Sponges: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 012102
Authors: Faulds Nikki , Evans Katharine , Williams Jessica , Leonte Ana-Maria , Crabtree David , Church Katherine , Leak Dean , Sohier Daniele , Palomäki Jukka-Pekka , Heikkinen Pauliina , Manthe Craig , Koch Kateland , Bastin Benjamin , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Thermo Scientific SureTect™ Escherichia coli O157:H7 and STEC Screening PCR Assay and SureTect Escherichia coli STEC Identification PCR Assay are real-time PCR kits for the rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 and non-E. coli O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serotypes (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145) from fresh raw spinach, fresh baby leaves, fresh cut tomatoes, frozen raw beef, raw beef trim, and beef carcass sponges.

Objective
Both assays were evaluated for AOAC®Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.

Methods
Detection and confirmation inclusivity/exclusivity, matrix, product consistency and stability, and robustness studies were conducted. In the matrix studies, the candidate method was validated against United States and international reference methods for STEC serotypes.

Results
Matrix studies showed no statistically significant differences between the candidate and reference method results when analyzed by probability of detection. For each inclusivity/exclusivity study, all inclusivity strains and no exclusivity strains were detected by either kit. Robustness testing demonstrated that the identification assay performed reliably despite method deviations; however, although not statistically significant, the screening assay performance was impacted. Product consistency and stability testing demonstrated no statistically significant differences between kit lots and storage time points.

Conclusion
The data presented show that both assays constitute a rapid and reliable workflow for the detection and confirmation of E. coli O157:H7 and stipulated non-E. coli O157:H7 STEC serotypes from the tested matrixes.

Highlights
Results are obtained in 80 min post-enrichment with both assays run simultaneously, allowing for the detection and confirmation of STEC within a single workflow.
Validation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™Staphylococcus aureus PCR Assay for the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 052101
Authors: Evans Katharine , Faulds Nikki , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Sohier Daniele , Manthe Craig , Hahs Matthew , Heikkinen Pauliina , Hurskainen Emmi , Koch Kateland , Thompson Wesley , Bastin Benjamin , Benzinger M Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™Staphylococcus aureus PCR Assay is a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy samples.

Objective
The Thermo Scientific SureTect Staphylococcus aureus PCR Assay was evaluated for AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM certification.

Methods
Inclusivity/exclusivity, matrix studies, product consistency and stability, and robustness testing were conducted to assess the method’s performance. For the matrix study, the method was validated on the Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR instrument and the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR instrument against the ISO 6888-3:2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—Horizontal method for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species)—Part 3: Detection and MPN technique for low numbers, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Ch. 12, Staphylococcus aureus, 2016, reference methods.

Results
Matrix studies showed no statistically significant differences between the candidate and reference methods or between presumptive and confirmed results. The inclusivity/exclusivity study correctly identified/excluded all strains analyzed. Robustness testing showed no statistically significant difference in assay performance after set method parameter deviations, and product consistency and stability studies demonstrated no statistically significant differences in performance between kit lots at different expiration points.

Conclusion
The data presented show that the assay is a rapid and reliable workflow for the detection of S. aureus from dairy matrixes.

Highlights
The PCR assay allows for fast, reliable detection of S. aureus in dairy matrixes with results obtained in as little as 80 min post enrichment.
Research progress of pharmacological effects of Siraitia grosvenorii extract
Authors: Li He , Li Ruli , Jiang Wei , Zhou Liming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To summarise the ingredients of Luo Han Guo extract and the different pharmacological activity of the different ingredients. Find and evaluate the research value of Luo Han Guo extract as a therapeutic drug.

Key findings
Siraitia grosvenorii is a fruit native to China and has many years of medicinal history. Because of its low-calorie and sugar-free properties, it is approved as a sweetener substitute in foods for obese and diabetic patients. Experiments have shown that this sweetener is non-toxic. This article summarises much literature on S. grosvenorii extracts, briefly introduces their chemical composition and metabolic distribution and summarises the possible pharmacological effects of each S. grosvenorii extract. Siraitia grosvenorii extract has anti-diabetic, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective and lipogenic inhibitory effects. These pharmacological activities suggest the medicinal value of S. grosvenorii.

Summary
Luo Han Guo extract is a low-calorie, non-toxic substance, and its pharmacological activity and its potential medicinal properties support its further utilisation and research.
TcoFBase: a comprehensive database for decoding the regulatory transcription co-factors in human and mouse
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Song Chao , Zhang Yimeng , Wang Yuezhu , Feng Chenchen , Chen Jiaxin , Wei Ling , Pan Qi , Shang Desi , Zhu Yanbing , Zhu Jiang , Fang Shuangsang , Zhao Jun , Yang Yongsan , Zhao Xilong , Xu Xiaozheng , Wang Qiuyu , Guo Jincheng , Li Chunquan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Transcription co-factors (TcoFs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation by communicating regulatory cues from enhancers to promoters. With the rapid accumulation of TcoF associated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data, the comprehensive collection and integrative analyses of these data are urgently required. Here, we developed the TcoFBase database (http://tcof.liclab.net/TcoFbase), which aimed to document a large number of available resources for mammalian TcoFs and provided annotations and enrichment analyses of TcoFs. TcoFBase curated 2322 TcoFs and 6759 TcoFs associated ChIP-seq data from over 500 tissues/cell types in human and mouse. Importantly, TcoFBase provided detailed and abundant (epi) genetic annotations of ChIP-seq based TcoF binding regions. Furthermore, TcoFBase supported regulatory annotation information and various functional annotations for TcoFs. Meanwhile, TcoFBase embedded five types of TcoF regulatory analyses for users, including TcoF gene set enrichment, TcoF binding genomic region annotation, TcoF regulatory network analysis, TcoF-TF co-occupancy analysis and TcoF regulatory axis analysis. TcoFBase was designed to be a useful resource that will help reveal the potential biological effects of TcoFs and elucidate TcoF-related regulatory mechanisms.
Severe Lung Infection and Septicemia Caused by Paludibacterium purpuratum—A Case Report and Evaluation of Bacterial Traits
Authors: Cia Cong-Tat , Chen Jenn-Wei , Su Shu-Li , Tsai Pei-Fang , Shu Cing-Ying , Ko Wen-Chien , Chen Po Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Paludibacterium species are gram stain–negative rods that are facultatively anaerobic; they have been isolated from wetland soil. Clinical infection caused by this genus is rarely reported. We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with chronic renal disease and hypertension who acquired P. purpuratum lung infection and septicemia in Southern Taiwan.
What Gender-Neutral Activation? Understanding the Gender Sanction Gap in Germany’s Welfare System
Authors: Knize Veronika J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Women are half as likely to be sanctioned as men in Germany’s means-tested welfare system, despite sanctions not explicitly being a gendered activation measure. I investigate the reasons underlying the “gender sanction gap” with a decomposition analysis on a sample from registry data. Findings show differences between women and men in their distributions on family-related and human-capital-related variables explain much of the gap. Results further suggest gender differences in behavior and treatment by public employment services also contribute to the gap, with women more frequently being exempted from sanctions due to childcare responsibilities.
Binding the Acoustic Features of an Auditory Source through Temporal Coherence
Authors: Rezaeizadeh Mohsen , Shamma Shihab 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that the perception of a target sound stream (or source) can only be segregated from a complex acoustic background mixture if the acoustic features underlying its perceptual attributes (e.g., pitch, location, and timbre) induce temporally modulated responses that are mutually correlated (or coherent), and that are uncorrelated (incoherent) from those of other sources in the mixture. This “temporal coherence” hypothesis asserts that attentive listening to one acoustic feature of a target enhances brain responses to that feature but would also concomitantly (1) induce mutually excitatory influences with other coherently responding neurons, thus enhancing (or binding) them all as they respond to the attended source; by contrast, (2) suppressive interactions are hypothesized to build up among neurons driven by temporally incoherent sound features, thus relatively reducing their activity. In this study, we report on EEG measurements in human subjects engaged in various sound segregation tasks that demonstrate rapid binding among the temporally coherent features of the attended source regardless of their identity (pure tone components, tone complexes, or noise), harmonic relationship, or frequency separation, thus confirming the key role temporal coherence plays in the analysis and organization of auditory scenes.