bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life after conservatively and surgically-treated paediatric proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Liebs Thoralf R. , Rompen Ingmar , Berger Steffen M. , Ziebarth Kai 
Published: June 2021

Purpose The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after conservatively versus surgically treated paediatric proximal humeral fractures is poorly understood. We assessed the HRQoL after this injury and asked if HRQoL was associated with age, radiological classification or treatment chosen. Methods We identified 228 patients who were treated for proximal humeral fractures between 2004 and 2017. These patients completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) (primary outcome), the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and questions regarding patient satisfaction. Fractures were classified radiologically following the Paediatric Comprehensive AO Classification. Results We were able to follow-up on 190 children; 147 (mean age 8.7 years (0.8 to 15.7)) sustained a metaphyseal and 43 (mean age 11.6 years (3.7 to 15.8)) sustained a Salter Harris type I or II injury. Most fractures (90%) were simple, 10% were multifragmentary. In total, 137 children (72%) were treated nonoperatively, 51 (27%) were treated by elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). After a median follow-up of 7.6 years (0.8 to 14.3) there was an overall mean Quick-DASH of 4.3 (SD 9.3) for girls and 1.2 (SD 3.1) for boys. The mean function score of the PedsQL was 94.7 (SD 11.1) for girls and 98.0 (SD 6.0) for boys. The mean psychosocial score of the PedsQL was 92.0 (SD 11.1) for girls and 94.1 (SD 11.6) for boys. Most children (79%) were very satisfied with the cosmetic result and 74% were very satisfied with the treatment overall. Surgery and female sex were associated with lower satisfaction. Conclusion In this cohort of 190 patients, where immobilization for mildly displaced fractures, and closed reduction and ESIN was used for displaced fractures, there was equally excellent mid- and long-term HRQoL when assessed by the Quick-Dash and the PedsQL. Level of Evidence Therapeutic, Level IV
Effect of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate combined with tranexamic acid on blood loss and inflammatory response in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Luo Yue , Zhao Xin , Yang Zhouyuan , Yeersheng Releken , Kang Pengde 
Published: June 2021

Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss and inflammatory responses after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to investigate the influence of different administration methods of CSS on perioperative blood loss during THA. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial involving 200 patients undergoing primary unilateral THA. A total of 200 patients treated with intravenous TXA were randomly assigned to group A (combined intravenous and topical CSS), group B (topical CSS), group C (intravenous CSS), or group D (placebo). Results Mean total blood loss (TBL) in groups A (605.0 ml (SD 235.9)), B (790.9 ml (SD 280.7)), and C (844.8 ml (SD 248.1)) were lower than in group D (1,064.9 ml (SD 318.3), p < 0.001). We also found that compared with group D, biomarker level of inflammation, transfusion rate, pain score, and hip range of motion at discharge in groups A, B, and C were significantly improved. There were no differences among the four groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss (IBL), intramuscular venous thrombosis (IMVT), and length of hospital stay (LOS). Conclusion The combined application of CSS and TXA is more effective than TXA alone in reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion rates, inflammatory response, and postoperative hip pain, results in better early hip flexion following THA, and did not increase the associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. Intravenous combined with topical injection of CSS was superior to intravenous or topical injection of CSS alone in reducing perioperative blood loss. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(6):354–362.
"Why did our baby die soon after birth?"—Lessons on neonatal death in rural Cambodia from the perspective of caregivers
Authors: Suzuki Ayako , Matsui Mitsuaki , Tung Rathavy , Iwamoto Azusa 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Neonatal deaths represent around half the deaths of children less than five-years old in Cambodia. The process from live birth to neonatal death has not been well described. This study aimed to identify problems in health care service which hamper the reduction of preventable neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia.

Methods
This study adopted a method of qualitative case study design using narrative data from the verbal autopsy standard. Eighty and forty villages were randomly selected from Kampong Cham and Svay Rieng provinces, respectively. All households in the target villages were visited between January and February 2017. Family caregivers were asked to describe their experiences on births and neonatal deaths between 2015 and 2016. Information on the process from birth to death was extracted with open coding, categorized, and summarized into several groups which represent potential problems in health services.

Results
Among a total of 4,142 children born in 2015 and 2016, 35 neonatal deaths were identified. Of these deaths, 74% occurred within one week of birth, and 57% were due to low-birth weight. Narrative data showed that three factors should be improved, 1) the unavailability of a health-care professional, 2) barriers in the referral system, and 3) lack of knowledge and skill to manage major causes of neonatal deaths.

Conclusion
The current health system has limitations to achieve further reduction of neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia. The mere deployment of midwives at fixed service points such as health centers could not solve the problems occurring in rural communities. Community engagement revisiting the principle of primary health care, as well as health system transformation, is the key to the solution and potential breakthrough for the future.
Treatment burden experienced by patients with obstructive sleep apnoea using continuous positive airway pressure therapy
Authors: Chou Michael S. H. , Ting Natasha C. H. , El-Turk Nicole , Harrington Zinta , Dobler Claudia C. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Little is known about the treatment burden experienced by patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) who use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.

Participants
18 patients (33.3% males, mean age 59.7±11.8 years) with OSA who use CPAP therapy were interviewed.

Methods
Patients treated with CPAP for OSA at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic in Sydney, Australia, were invited to participate in an interview in person or via phone. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the treatment burden associated with using CPAP. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using NVivo 12 qualitative analysis software.

Results
Four categories of OSA-specific treatment burden were identified: healthcare tasks, consequences of healthcare tasks, exacerbating and alleviating factors of treatment burden. Participants reported a significant burden associated with using CPAP, independently of how frequently they used their device. Common sources of their treatment burden included attending healthcare appointments, the financial cost of treatment, lifestyle changes, treatment-related side effects and general discomfort.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that there is a significant treatment burden associated with the use of CPAP, and that treatment non-adherence is not the only consequence of treatment burden. Other consequences include relationship burden, stigma and financial burden. It is important for physicians to identify other negative impacts of treatment burden in order to optimise the patient experience.
Measuring And Computing System for Studying the Magnetic Characteristics of Soft Magnetic Materials
Authors: Egorov A.V. , Polyakov V.V. , Lependin A.A. , Ruder D.D. 
Published: June 2021

Non-destructive eddy current diagnostics of the structure, composition, physical and mechanical properties of ferromagnetic materials, as well as eddy current monitoring of the operational parameters of products manufactured from them, requires knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of these materials. In eddy current measurements, the results obtained are influenced by a significant number of factors — magnetic and electrical properties of materials, geometric characteristics of products, measurement conditions, design features of an eddy current sensor, etc. Also, the magnetic properties themselves have high structural sensitivity. Thus, identification of the diagnosed parameters puts great importance on the tasks to separate the influencing factors and isolate the contribution of the magnetic properties.
This paper describes the measuring and computing system that allows automatic determination of the magnetic permeability of soft magnetic ferromagnetic materials at various values of the strength of the external magnetizing field. The system has been tested using soft magnetic ferrites samples. An experimental dependence of the magnetic permeability on the magnitude of the magnetic field for the initial section of the main magnetization curve is presented. The obtained initial magnetic permeability is compared with the data of independent indirect measurements.
The proposed system provides an increase in the reliability and accuracy of the results of the experimental determination of magnetic characteristics and can be used for non-destructive diagnostics of products made of soft magnetic ferromagnetic materials.
Geometry of Nonholonomic Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: Bukusheva A.V. 
Published: June 2021

The concept of the intrinsic geometry of a nonholonomic Kenmotsu manifold M is introduced. It is understood as the set of those properties of the manifold that depend only on the framing of the D^ distribution D of the manifold M, on the parallel transformation of vectors belonging to the distribution D along curves tangent to this distribution. The invariants of the intrinsic geometry of the nonholonomic Kenmotsu manifold are: the Schouten curvature tensor; 1-form η generating the distribution D; the Lie derivative of the metric tensor g along the vector field ; Schouten — Wagner tensor field P, whose components in adapted coordinates are expressed using the equalities . It is proved that, as in the case of the Kenmotsu manifold, the Schouten — Wagner tensor of the manifold M vanishes. It follows that the Schouten tensor of a nonholonomic Kenmotsu manifold has the same formal properties as the Riemann curvature tensor. It is proved that the alternation of the Ricci — Schouten tensor coincides with the differential of the structural form. This property of the Ricci — Schouten tensor is used in the proof of the main result of the article: a nonholonomic Kenmotsu manifold cannot carry the structure of an η-Einstein manifold.
An approach to the judicial evaluation of evidence from computers and computer systems
Authors: Jackson Michael 
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of evidence derived from a complex computer system is difficult: past experience of reliable operation in general is an uncertain guide to the value of specific evidence in a particular case. By setting the evidence in question in the context of the complete transaction to which it pertains, and tracking the system’s processing path for the transaction, better guidance may be obtained. Difficulty in elucidating the processing path may itself cast doubt on the evidence in question.

Index words: complexity, computer, evidence, path, transaction
The ‘Meta’-significance of Scalia’s A Matter of Interpretation: Reflections on a Theory and Ethics of Judicial Legislative Power
Authors: Berkmanas Tomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on a metatheory of legal interpretation as provided or implied in Antonin Scalia’s famous essay A Matter of Interpretation. It is not so much textualism itself what is being analysed here as its theoretical and philosophical foundations. Following this route, the article reveals a complex ideological framework of intersections between domains of democracy, common law, stare decisis, jusnaturalism and juspositivism. By moving judicial legislative power to the forefront, the analysis opens up the existence of two rather different, if not opposite, legislative strategies in the contemporary government: a regular one, exercised by its political institutions (parliament being the main one), and a specific one, exercised by the judiciary. The article proceeds with a critical analysis of two justifications of the latter—one more formal and another more substantial. Finally, the article develops a basic practical hierarchical structure of principles or rules that should settle down legislative powers by neutralising the apparent fundamental contradiction in Scalia’s essay (i.e., being pro-democrat and pro-liberal at the same time).
Machine vision-based driving and feedback scheme for digital microfluidics system
Authors: Luo Zhijie , Huang Bangrui , Xu Jiazhi , Wang Lu , Huang Zitao , Cao Liang , Liu Shuangyin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A digital microfluidic system based on electrowetting-on-dielectric is a new technology for controlling microliter-sized droplets on a plane. By applying a voltage signal to an electrode, the droplets can be controlled to move, merge, and split. Due to device design, fabrication, and runtime uncertainties, feedback control schemes are necessary to ensure the reliability and accuracy of a digital microfluidic system for practical application. The premise of feedback is to obtain accurate droplet position information. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop a digital microfluidics system integrated with driving, position, and feedback functions for different areas of study. In this article, we propose a driving and feedback scheme based on machine vision for the digital microfluidics system. A series of experiments including droplet motion, merging, status detection, and self-adaption are performed to evaluate the feasibility and the reliability of the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can accurately locate multiple droplets and improve the success rate of different applications. Furthermore, the proposed scheme provides an experimental platform for scientists who focused on the digital microfluidics system.
Unsupervised collaborative learning based on Optimal Transport theory
Authors: Ben-Bouazza Fatima-Ezzahraa , Bennani Younès , Cabanes Guénaël , Touzani Abdelfettah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Collaborative learning has recently achieved very significant results. It still suffers, however, from several issues, including the type of information that needs to be exchanged, the criteria for stopping and how to choose the right collaborators. We aim in this paper to improve the quality of the collaboration and to resolve these issues via a novel approach inspired by Optimal Transport theory. More specifically, the objective function for the exchange of information is based on the Wasserstein distance, with a bidirectional transport of information between collaborators. This formulation allows to learns a stopping criterion and provide a criterion to choose the best collaborators. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple data-sets to evaluate the proposed approach.
Effect of a required online graded curriculum in the clerkship years on medical student national standardized examination performance
Authors: Glaser Kelli , Pazdernik Vanessa , Sackett Denise , Sheridan Valerie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Many medical schools have a distributed model for clinical clerkship education, challenging our ability to determine student gaps during clinical education. With the graduating class of 2017, A.T. Still University’s School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) began requiring additional online curricula for all clerkship courses.

Objectives
To determine whether third year and fourth year students receiving ATSU-SOMA’s online curricula during core clerkships performed better overall on national standardized examinations than students from previous years who had not received the curricula, and whether scores from online coursework correlated with outcomes on standardized examinations as possible early predictors of success.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed existing data (demographics and assessments) from ATSU-SOMA classes of 2017–2020 (curriculum group) and 2014–2016 (precurriculum group). The effect of the curriculum on national standardized examinations (Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test [COMAT] and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States [COMLEX-USA]) was estimated using augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW). Correlations between assignment scores and national standardized examinations were estimated using linear regression models.

Results
The curriculum group had 405 students with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 25.7 (±3.1) years. Two hundred and fifteen (53.1%) students in the curriculum group were female and 190 (46.9%) were male. The precurriculum group had 308 students (mean ± SD age, 26.4 ± 4.2 years; 157 [51.0%] male; 151 [49.0%] female). The online curriculum group had higher COMAT clinical subject exam scores in obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), psychiatry, and surgery (all p≤0.04), as well as higher COMLEX-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) family medicine and OPP subscores (both p≤0.03). The curriculum group had a 9.4 point increase in mean total COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE score (p=0.08). No effect was found for the curriculum overall on COMAT mean or COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation scores (all p≥0.11). Total coursework scores in each core clerkship, excluding pediatrics, were correlated with COMAT mean score (all adjusted p≤0.03). Mean scores for five of the seven assignment types in core clerkships, excluding evidence based medicine types, were positively correlated with COMAT mean scores (all adjusted p≤0.049). All assignment types correlated with COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE total score (all adjusted p≤0.04), except interprofessional education (IPE).

Conclusions
Results from this study of 713 students from ATSU-SOMA suggested that our online curriculum supplemented clinic based learning during clerkship courses and improved student outcomes on national standardized examinations.
Infinite Regress: Wolff’s Cosmology and the Background of Kant’s Antinomies
Authors: Camposampiero Matteo Favaretti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wolff’s relation to Leibniz and Kant’s relation to both are notoriously vexed questions. First, this paper argues that Wolff’s most serious departure from Leibniz consists in his (so far overlooked) rejection of the latter’s infinitism. Second, it contends that the controversies that surrounded Wolff’s early acceptance of infinite causal regress and prompted his conversion to finitism played a prominent role in shaping the theses of Kant’s Antinomies. Whereas Leibniz and the early Wolff considered infinite regress to provide support for the contingency of the world and the existence of God, Wolff’s enemies condemned it as Spinozistic. After Wolff, the claim that an infinite chain of causes is impossible became the standard view among both Wolffian and anti-Wolffian metaphysicians.
On the Expressive Limits of Kant’s Universalizability Tests
Authors: Kahn Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
My goal in this piece is to show that there is a problem lurking in the shadows of recent attempts to derive positive duties from Kant’s so-called universalizability tests and, further, to show that the most obvious way of fixing these attempts renders them unable to fulfill their function. I shall begin by motivating and explaining such an attempt.
‚Warlords‘, Dynastiebildung und Mobilität. Hypothesen zum Problem der ‚Ansiedlung‘
Authors: Meier Mischa 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAnhand unterschiedlicher Fallbeispiele aus dem 5. Jahrhundert wird gezeigt, dass die Mobilität barbarischer Verbände in der Regel ein temporäres Phänomen darstellte. Der Alterungsprozess der Kerngruppen kriegerischer mobiler Verbände erhöhte mit der Zeit den Druck auf den Anführer, nach Ansiedlungsmöglichkeiten zu suchen. Der Prozess der Ansiedlung selbst überführte den Anführer einer mobilen Kriegergemeinschaft in die neue Rolle eines Herrschers über ein stehendes Heer. Er war mit enormem ökonomischem Aufwand verbunden und führte offenbar dazu, dass die Herrscher sich verstärkt um dynastische Absicherung bemühten, obwohl eine solche während der liminalen Phase des Übergangs in der Regel zum Scheitern tendierte.
Expanding industrial uses of sweetpotato for food security and poverty alleviation
Authors: Adu-Kwarteng Evelyn , Baafi Ernest , Amoa-Owusu Abigail , Okyere Faustina , Carey Edward 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sweetpotato breeding over the years solely depended on sensory evaluation for domestic uses, thereby downplaying the need for adjustment of breeding objectives and selection procedures to cater for industrial potential. This study was conducted to evaluate ten elite genotypes of sweetpotato for diversified utilization and commercialization. These genotypes had been selected over the years for high dry matter and starch content according to the preference of Ghanaian consumers. Analyses were carried out on key nutrient components, pasting properties, and starch granule morphology using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, rapid viscosity analysis, and light microscopy, respectively. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a focus group approach. Based on functional diversity and unique combinations of quality traits identified, the genotypes were found to have several potential applications in the food industry. These include fufu flour, bread, pastries, French fries, gluten-free noodles, yogurt filler, baby food, juices, and raw material for brewery and other industries. These elite genotypes, when released as new varieties, can immensely contribute to a more diversified use of sweetpotato in Ghana and ultimately contribute to the enhancement of food and job security.
Design and characterization of ramie fiber-reinforced composites with flame retardant surface layer including iron oxide and expandable graphite
Authors: Yan Xiaofei , Fang Jie , Zhu Chenkai , Li Jiawei , Qi Dongmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ramie plain-woven fabric-reinforced epoxy composites with iron oxide (IO) powders and expandable graphite (EG) particles were fabricated by the hand lay-up and vacuum bagging pressing. The flame retardant layers with IO powders and EG particles have been designed on the surface of the composite structure, to improve the composites flame retardancy. The flame retardancy property of the composites was discussed from the limited oxide index (LOI), vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test, while the flexural property and interlaminar shear strength of the composites were also investigated through the three-point flexural tests, respectively. It was found that the flame retardancy property of the composites, which contains both IO powders and EG particles, can be greatly improved. However, IO powders and EG particles have a negative effect on flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the composites. Also, prepreg with IO powders or EG particles which laminated on the surface layer of the composite with different orders would result in different performances.