bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Cellulose Substance Based Energy Materials
Authors: Lin Zehao , Li Shun , Huang Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural cellulose substances have been proven to be ideal structural templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of artificial functional materials with designed structures, psychochemical properties and functionalities. They possess unique hierarchically porous network structures with flexible, biocompatible, and environmental characteristics, exhibiting great potentials in the preparation of energy‐related materials. This minireview summarizes natural cellulose‐based materials that are used in batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, photoelectrochemical cells, and solar cells. When natural cellulose substances are employed as the structural template or carbon sources of energy materials, the three‐dimensional porous interwoven structures are perfectly replicated, leading to the enhanced performances of the resultant materials. Benefiting from the mechanical strengths of natural cellulose substances, wearable, portable, free‐standing, and flexible materials for energy storage and conversion are easily obtained by using natural cellulose substances as the substrates.
AcridineN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Compounds: Tuning from Yellow to Blue Luminescence
Authors: Vaddamanu Moulali , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Masaya Yamane , Sugiyama Shohei , Kazuhisa Ozaki , Velappan Kavitha , Nandeshwar Muneshwar , Hisano Kyohei , Tsutsumi Osamu , Prabusankar Ganesan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and the luminescence features of three gold(I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are presented to study how then‐alkyl group can influence the luminescence properties in the crystalline state. The mononuclear gold(I)‐NHC complexes, [(L1)Au(Cl)] (1), [(L2)Au(Cl)] (2), and [(L3)Au(Cl)] (3) were isolated from the reactions between [(tht)AuCl] and corresponding NHC ligand precursors, [N‐(9‐acridinyl)‐N’‐(n‐butyl)‐imidazolium chloride, (L1.HCl)], [N‐(9‐acridinyl)‐N’‐(n‐pentyl)‐imidazolium chloride, (L2.HCl)] and [N‐(9‐acridinyl)‐N’‐(n‐hexyl)‐imidazolium chloride, (L3.HCl)]. Their single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals the influence of then‐alkyl groups on solid‐state packing. A comparison of the luminescence features of1–3withn‐alkyl substituents is explored. The molecules1–3depicted blue emission in the solution state, while the yellow emission (for1), greenish‐yellow emission (for2), and blue emission (for3) in the crystalline phase. This paradigm emission shift arises fromn‐butyl ton‐pentyl andn‐hexyl in the crystalline state due to the carbon‐carbon rotation of then‐alkyl group, which tends to promote unusual solid packing. Hencen‐alkyl group adds a novel emission property in the crystalline state. Density Functional Theory and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out for monomeric complex,N‐(9‐acridinyl)‐N’‐(n‐heptyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene gold(I) chloride and dimeric complex,N‐(9‐acridinyl)‐N’‐(n‐heptyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene gold(I) chloride to understand the structural and electronic properties.
The Emergence of Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Free Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Das Animesh , Maji Biplab 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed directing group assisted C−H bond activation has emerged as a powerful tool in synthetic organic chemistry. However, only recently, among various directing groups, widely available carboxylate moiety is recognized as a versatile candidate for the regioselective transformations. Notably, palladium‐catalyzed carboxylate directed C(sp3)−H bond activation and diverse functionalization is highly challenging and has gained huge attention for its versatile applications. Mono‐ and bidentate ligands have proven to be useful for accelerating the C(sp3)−H bond activation step, which helps to control reactivity and selectivity (including enantioselectivity). In this Minireview, we discuss the recent progress made in palladium‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H bond functionalization reactions for the construction of C−C and C−Heteroatom bonds with the direction of free carboxylic acid.
Comments on recent claims about trajectories of control systems valid for particular initial conditions
Authors: Ortega Romeo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, we have witnessed the appearance in the control literature of claims regarding the behavior of the trajectories of closed‐loop systems, which are valid only for a specific set of initial conditions (ICs). Being these “trajectory‐dependent” claims, a natural question that arises is whether these claims are robust, in some well‐defined sense. Regarding Lyapunov stability claims, it is well‐known that this property is equivalent to a form of continuity of solutions with respect to the ICs. For linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems characterized by transfer matrices, the property of internal stability is widely adopted as a necessary condition to ensure robustness. However, to the best of our knowledge, this question has not been addressed for claims—different from stability—concerning the behavior of trajectories of nonlinear time‐varying (NLTV) systems, which is the scenario in the aforementioned claims. The main objective of this note is to propose a framework for the characterization of robustness or fragility (with respect to ICs) of claims of this nature for NLTV systems.
Optimal burn‐in policy based on a set of cutoff points using mixture inverse Gaussian degradation process and copulas
Authors: Morita Lia H. M. , Tomazella Vera L. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Ramos Pedro L. , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Louzada Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBurn‐in tests have been discussed extensively in the reliability literature, wherein we operate items until high degradation values are observed, which could separate the weak units from the normal ones before they get to the market. This concept is often referred to as a screening procedure, and it involves misclassification errors. Commonly, the underlying degradation process is assumed to be a Wiener or a gamma process, based on which several optimal burn‐in policies have been developed in the literature. In this article, we consider the mixture inverse Gaussian process, which possesses monotone degradation paths and some interesting properties. Under this process, we present a decision rule for classifying a unit under test as normal or weak based on burn‐in time and a set of cutoff points. Then, an economic cost model is used to find the optimal burn‐in time and the optimal cutoff points, when the estimation of model parameters is based on an analytical method or an approximate method involving copula theory. Finally, an example of a real dataset on light amplification by stimulated emission of radiations, well known in the reliability literature, is used to illustrate the model and the inferential approach proposed here.
The Relationship Between Developmental Coordination Disorder and Concurrent Deficits in Social Communication and Repetitive Behaviors Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ketcheson Leah R. , Pitchford E. Andrew , Wentz Chandler F. 
Published: January 2021

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), characterized by core deficits in social communication and restrictive behaviors, can exhibit concurrent motor incoordination and/or intellectual disability (ID). While pervasive delays in motor behavior are common, formal diagnosis of Development Coordination Disorder (DCD) is uncommon. It is not clear how DCD and ID impact core deficits in ASD. This study utilized the Simons Foundation SPARK cohort to describe the scope of motor incoordination among children with ASD and examine the interrelationships between DCD risk, ID, and ASD core deficits. 10,234 children with ASD, between the ages of 5 and 15 years, were included in the analysis. Parents completed online versions of the DCD Questionnaire (DCD‐Q), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and Restrictive Behavior Scale (RBS‐R). 85% of children with ASD had DCD‐Q scores consistent with being at‐risk for DCD, but only 14% reported a formal diagnosis. Children with ID exhibited significantly greater motor incoordination compared to children without ID (P < 0.001). Significantly, greater core deficits were identified in both children at‐risk for DCD (P < 0.001) and with ID (P < 0.001). However, the effects of DCD risk were independent of ID and exhibited a medium effect size for SCQ (η2p = 0.063) and a small effect size for RBS‐R (η2p = 0.04) scores. Collectively, study outcomes reinforce the pervasiveness of motor incoordination among children with ASD, both with and without concurrent ID, and provide further justification for the inclusion of motor behavior in the early intervention and prescription for children with ASD.Lay SummaryThis secondary data analysis of the Simons Foundation SPARK cohort found high rates (85%) of DCD risk among children with ASD. Deficits in motor coordination were greater among children with ASD with concurrent ID diagnoses. Meaningful differences in ASD core deficits (social communication and repetitive behaviors) were independently found in children at risk for DCD, both with and without ID. Autism Res 2021, 14: 804–816. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Parent‐reported Autism Diagnostic Stability and Trajectories in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: May Tamara , Brignell Amanda , Williams Katrina 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to explore the stability of parent‐reported diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and factors influencing the trajectories in two cohorts from the prospective Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Parent‐reported ASD diagnosis was collected for children from 6 years of age in a Birth cohort and 10 years of age in a Kinder cohort; allowing for exploration of diagnostic stability at age 6, 8, 10, and 12 years (Birth cohort) and 10, 12, 14, 16 years (Kinder cohort). Children were grouped based on persisting, desisting, inconsistent and late (diagnosis after 6 years—Birth cohort; after 10 years—Kinder) subgroups over four timepoints. Multinomial logistic regression explored predictors of diagnostic trajectories; generalized estimating equations examined trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems. Of 66 Birth cohort children parent‐reported to have ASD at age 6, with data at all four time points, 14% did not at 12 years; of 73 Kinder cohort children at age 10 years, 26% no longer had parent‐reported ASD at 16 years. Children with late diagnoses showed increasing trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems, while children with persisting or desisting diagnoses showed decreasing trajectories. Between 86% and 74% had a reported ASD diagnosis after 6 years. Findings indicate that children with ASD need services and supports that can adapt to their changing needs, which may be increasing, decreasing or different. This has implications for the provision of services and funding.Lay SummaryThis study explored how consistent parent‐reported ASD diagnosis is over time in two groups of children from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Although up to 26% of children no longer had parent‐reported ASD after 6‐years follow up, persisting or late trajectories were more common. The outcome of late onset trajectories requires ongoing review. Autism Res 2021, 14: 773–786. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Trends in lipase engineering for enhanced biocatalysis
Authors: Soni Surabhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLipases, also known as triacylglycerol hydrolases (E.C.No. 3.1.1.3), are considered as leading biocatalysts in the lipid modification business. With properties like ease of availability, capability to work in heterogeneous media, stability in organic solvents, property of catalyzing at the lipid–water interface and even in nonaqueous conditions, have made them a versatile choice for applications in the food, flavor, detergent, pharmaceutical, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries [1]. The increasing alertness toward sustainable technologies, lesser waste generation and solvent usage and minimization of energy input has brought light toward the production and usage of recombinant/improved lipases. For example, Novozym 435, a broadly used recombinant lipase isolated from Candida antarctica, dominates the lipase industry and has even created a supplier bias in the market. This shows that there is a desperate need for novel, low‐cost lipases with better properties. For this, mining of existing extremophilic genomes seems more rewarding. But considering the diversity of industrial requirements such as types of solvents used or carrier systems employed for enzyme immobilization, tailor‐designed enzymes are an unrealized pressing priority. Therefore, protein engineering strategies in collaboration with the discovery of new lipases can serve as a vital tool to obtain tailor‐made enzymes with specific characteristics.
The effect of brimonidine and proparacaine on metabolic enzymes: Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase
Authors: Çalışkan Büşra , Öztürk Kesebir Arzu , Demir Yeliz , Akyol Salman İlknur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxidative stress is to upregulate the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The PPP consists of two functional branches, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconaste dehydrogenase (6PGD). Glutathione reductase (GR) has a significant role in catalyzing an oxidized glutathione form into a reduced form. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of brimonidine and proparacaine on the activity of 6PGD, G6PD, and GR enzymes purified from human erythrocytes. Brimonidine displayed considerable inhibition profile against G6PD with IC50 value and KI constant of 29.93 ± 3.56 and 48.46 ± 0.66 μM, respectively. On the other hand, proparacaine had no inhibitory effect against G6PD. KI values were found to be 66.06 ± 0.78 and 811.50 ± 11.13 μM for brimonidine and proparacaine, respectively, for 6PGD. KI values were found to be 144.10 ± 2.01 and 1,654.00 ± 26.29 μM for brimonidine and proparacaine, respectively, for GR. Herein, also in silico molecular docking studies were performed between drugs and enzymes.
TRR 277: Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen
Authors: Kloft Harald , Gehlen Christoph , Dörfler Kathrin , Hack Norman , Henke Klaudius , Lowke Dirk , Mainka Jeldrik , Raatz Annika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDie Bauwirtschaft stellt eine der bislang am wenigsten digitalisierten Branche dar. Im Unterschied zu anderen Produktionsbereichen ist die Herstellung von Gebäuden durch individualisierte Bauprozesse gekennzeichnet. Digitale Fertigungstechniken anderer Wirtschaftszweige haben sich im Bauwesen nicht durchgesetzt, da sie nicht die notwendige Individualisierung ermöglichen oder unwirtschaftlich sind. Die Vorteile additiver Fertigungstechnologien bestehen darin, dass Automatisierung und Individualisierung nicht im Widerspruch zueinanderstehen und dass beim 3‐D‐Drucken nur dort Material aufgebaut wird, wo es strukturell oder funktionell erforderlich ist. Die additive Fertigung ist insofern wirtschaftlich und ressourceneffizient zugleich. Der DFG‐Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio TRR 277 der beiden Universitäten TU Braunschweig und TU München will die Technologie der additiven Fertigung grundlegend für das Bauwesen erforschen und zur Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft beitragen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu den Zielen, der Struktur und den Methodiken des TRR 277 sowie zu den drei Projektbereichen mit seinen insgesamt 18 wissenschaftlichen Teilprojekten.
Dehnungsmessung bei mehraxialen Druckversuchen an Beton mittels faseroptischer Sensoren
Authors: Speck Kerstin , Vogdt Fritz , Curbach Manfred , Petryna Yuri , Marx Steffen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFür die Quantifizierung lastinduzierter anisotroper Schädigungen unter verschiedenen mehraxialen Spannungszuständen ist die Dehnungsmessung im Inneren kleinformatiger Probekörper erforderlich. Quasikontinuierlich messende faseroptische Sensoren ohne werksseitige Schutzummantelung können dafür neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Herausforderungen bei der Dehnungsmessung bei mehraxialen Versuchen und das Potenzial der quasikontinuierlichen Dehnungsmessung mit faseroptischen Sensoren. Es wird die Positionierung der Messfasern mittels eines Messingprofils in den unbewehrten Probekörpern erläutert und die Beeinflussung der Betoneigenschaften durch dieses Trägergestell. Die möglichen Messgenauigkeiten und messtechnischen Besonderheiten speziell hinsichtlich der querdruckempfindlichen und nicht alkaliresistenten Messfasern werden aufgezeigt. Ein Vergleich mit der häufig angewandten Dehnungsmessung über die Bürstenverformung zeigt, dass trotz aller bestehenden Herausforderungen die faseroptischen Sensoren eine Dehnungsmessung bei dreiaxialen Versuchen in bisher nicht erreichbarer Genauigkeit ermöglichen.
Preparation of graphene quantum dots with glycine as nitrogen source and its interaction with human serum albumin
Authors: Ke Yi , Liu Yong‐Chang , Ren Wen‐Wen , Bai Ai‐Min , Li Xiao‐Yun , Hu Yan‐Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) could be regarded as graphene with a lateral dimension less than 100 nm. Compared with graphene, GQDs not only possess the excellent properties of graphene but also have been proven to have low toxicity, high fluorescence stability, strong water solubility, as well as better biocompatibility. In this work, an amide bond‐based, N‐doped graphene quantum dot was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. When the reaction time was 4 h and the temperature was 180°C, fluorescence excitation and emission peaks of the product were 340 nm and 450 nm, respectively. Its interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and molecular simulation. Gel electrophoresis showed that the product did not cause complete scission of the peptide chain in HSA, indicating good biocompatibility. The results of molecular docking showed that the product tended to bind to site III of HSA. This paper provides a meaningful reference for design and development in nanomedicine.
Green bonds, sustainable development and environmental policy in the European Union carbon market
Authors: Leitao Joao , Ferreira Joaquim , Santibanez‐Gonzalez Ernesto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the non‐linear effects of green bonds, conventional bonds and energy commodities on the behaviour of the cap‐and‐trade European Union carbon market (European Union Emissions Trading System [EU‐ETS]). By estimating four models, using Markov‐switching (MS) econometric methodology, non‐linearities are confirmed in dynamic behaviours, observing in the global calculation a positive effect of green bonds (S&P GreenandSol Green) on the carbon market, in regimes of both high and low volatility, whereas conventional bonds (S&P Agg) and energy commodities (DJCI En) contribute to a decrease in the carbon market in regimes of high volatility. The relevance of green bonds is underlined in determining the behaviour of the carbon market, besides observing greater persistence of the low volatility regime. These results allow both investors and fund managers to implement strategies in different volatility or economic activity contexts through a diversified portfolio and green/climate structure.
Spinal arachnoid sleeves and their possible causative role in cauda equina syndrome and transient radicular irritation syndrome
Authors: Riquelme Irene , Reina Miguel A. , Boezaart André P. , Tubbs R. Shane , Carrera Anna , Reina Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe have previously described arachnoid sleeves around cauda equina nerve roots, but at that time we did not determine whether injections could be performed within those sleeves. The purpose of this observational study was to establish whether the entire distal orifice of a spinal needle can be accommodated within an arachnoid sleeve.Materials and methodsWe carefully dissected the entire dural sacs off four fresh cadavers, opened them by longitudinal incision, and immersed them in saline. Under direct vision, we penetrated the cauda equina roots nerves traveling almost vertically downward at 30 locations each with a 27‐ and a 25‐G pencil‐point needle (60 punctures total). We captured the images with a stereoscopic camera.ResultsThe nerve root offered no noticeable resistance to needle entry. Although the arachnoid sleeves could not be identified with the naked eye, they were translucent but visible under microscopy. In 21 of 30 attempts with a 27‐gauge needle, and in 20 of 30 attempts with a 25‐gauge needle, the distal orifice of the spinal needle was completely within the arachnoid sleeve.ConclusionIt seems possible to accommodate the distal orifice of a 25‐ or a 27‐gauge pencil‐point spinal needle completely within the space of the arachnoid sleeve. An injection within this sleeve could potentially lead to a neurological syndrome, as we have previously proposed.
Universal fixed‐point digital controller for control theory studies
Authors: Sanchez Alberto , de Castro Angel , Benedicto Jorge , Martínez‐García María Sofía 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe laboratories of control theory are often limited to simulations and a few or none experimental tests. As in other technical subjects, practical experiments really help to understand the theory but need much time and the experimental platforms are usually expensive. This paper describes a platform that implements a universal third‐order discrete controller based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). The controller is implemented using fixed‐point arithmetic, with 17‐bit coefficients, but students can reduce the number of bits to find the resolution problems that may arise. This low‐cost platform, based on a Xilinx Spartan FPGA, allows students to try controllers just by configuring the coefficients of the controller through a computer application and a USB port. It drastically reduces the implementation time, allowing more time for design and testing. Therefore, students can try many controllers in the same laboratory session so that they can check experimentally their behavior in real prototypes and see the differences between simulations and physical systems. This platform has been applied in a real course over two academic years. The student opinion survey shows that the survey respondents consider the platform useful for more deeply understanding the subject, with an average score of 4.47/5.00 on a Likert scale (with a margin of error of 15.56% with a 95% confidence level). Besides this, the platform records the usage statistics showing that there is a relationship between the application usage and the marks in both the theory and laboratory parts.