bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do different cognitive domains mediate the association between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and adolescents’ off‐task behaviour in the classroom?
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Gerber Markus , Brand Serge , Möhring Wenke , Pühse Uwe 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that adolescents’ moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with less off‐task behaviour in the classroom. However, the contribution of cognitive functions to this relation still remains unclear. Executive function and aspects of social cognition, which appear to be correlated with MVPA, have been found to determine academic behaviours.AimThis study examines the direct association between MVPA and off‐task behaviour as well as mediations by different cognitive domains.SampleForty‐six‐male and 67‐female adolescents aged 13.0 ± 1.3 years were recruited from local schools.MethodsParticipants recalled their MVPA. Using video cameras, their classroom behaviours were recorded and a 6‐min period was rated for off‐task behaviour. Additionally, participants completed a modified Flanker task, which assessed both inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, a Sternberg paradigm, which assessed working memory, and an Emotion Recognition task.ResultsPath‐analyses revealed that higher MVPA was associated with less off‐task behaviour. Inhibitory control accounted for a partial mediation of this association. The mediating role of inhibitory control was most pronounced for the relation between MVPA and off‐task behaviours related to noise.ConclusionThese findings provide a first indication that curricular and extracurricular physical activities targeting specific improvements in inhibitory control may promise transfer effects to classroom behaviours.
Do age stereotype‐based interventions affect health‐related outcomes in older adults? A systematic review and future directions
Authors: Knight Rachel L. , Chalabaev Aïna , McNarry Melitta A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Hudson Joanne 
Published: July 2021

PurposeDeveloping interventions that target population‐specific motivational barriers to promote health behaviours is crucial, especially for older adults who are confronted with negative age stereotypes. This systematic review evaluates randomized and non‐randomized field studies that tested the effects of age stereotype‐based interventions on health outcomes in adults aged 50 years and over.MethodsMEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and PsychINFO were searched to identify articles published up until May 2019. Data were extracted from all articles independently and assessed for risk‐of‐bias using Cochrane Collaboration tools.ResultsTen articles met the inclusion criteria. Health‐related outcome measures were identified across three domains: physical, psychological/psychosocial well‐being, and quality of life/subjective health, with age stereotypes reported as an additional outcome. Intervention structure varied substantially between studies regarding content, duration, frequency, and length of follow‐up.ConclusionsMost studies showed that age stereotype‐based interventions significantly improved physical function or physical activity as well as self‐perceptions of ageing. However, more rigorous studies are needed. Indeed, given the detrimental health effects of age stereotypes, the potential for impact of interventions designed to challenge them is important. Future research should explore the implications of intervening on different stereotype mechanisms, whether intervention effects are comparable across health domains, and whether age stereotype‐based interventions are more effective than non‐age‐specific interventions. PROSPERO Registration CRD42018094006.
Intraoperative Ultrasonographic Assessment of Vocal Cord motion under sedation, following paediatric thyroidectomy in the Era of COVID‐19: A double‐blinded preliminary study
Authors: Zavdy Ofir , Schwarz Michael , Gilony Dror , Bachar Gideon , Gilat Hanna , Hod Roy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionUnilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) is a known complication of thyroid surgery, due to iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, with reported rates of 2%–5% in children. The gold standard for assessing vocal cord function in flexible nasendoscopy (FNE) examination, which is considered high‐risk for contraction of the COVID‐19 virus. Intraoperative ultrasonographic assessment (IUA) of vocal cord function is a non‐invasive and relatively simple procedure performed in a supine position, performed during spontaneous breathing, following reversed anaesthesia, while the patient is still sedated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the validity of IUA modality in children undergoing thyroidectomy and to compare it to the standard FNE.DesignA prospective double‐blind study covering 24 months (March 2019–March 2021). Twenty thyroid lobectomies were performed, during 15 surgeries. Vocal cord function was assessed three times: Pre‐operatively by FNE, intraoperative (IUA) following extubation, and a second FNE on the first post‐operative day.SettingsA tertiary paediatric hospital.ResultsThe overall accuracy of IUA results in our study was 92%. IUA sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 89%, 33% and 100%, respectively. Patient's age demonstrated borderline significance (p = .08). The resident's experience was associated with a better correlation between IUA and FNE results (p < .05).ConclusionsIUA of vocal cord motion has a high accuracy rate for detection of iatrogenic vocal cord paralysis, similar to FNE. It is easily learned by residents, well‐tolerated by children, and it provides a safe and valid alternative modality while ensuring the safety of the medical staff in treating patients, especially in times of COVID‐19 pandemic.
The impact of COVID‐19 on obesity services across Europe: A physician survey
Authors: Nather Katrin , Bolger Fiachra , DiModica Laurie , Fletcher‐Louis Mary , Salvador Javier , Pattou François , Panton Ulrik Haagen , Cancino Ana‐Paula 
Published: July 2021

SummaryObesity is a risk factor for severe complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). During the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spring 2020, many clinics and obesity centers across Europe were required to close. This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID‐19 on the provision of obesity services across 10 European countries via a survey of physicians (n = 102) specializing in treating persons with obesity (PwO). In total, 62–95 out of 102 physicians reported that COVID‐19 affected obesity‐related services, with cancellations/suspensions ranging from 50% to 100% across the 10 countries. Approximately 75% of cancellations/suspensions were provider‐ rather than patient‐initiated. A median increase of 20%–25% in waiting times was reported for most services across the countries. When services resume, 87 out of 100 physicians consider factors influencing down‐stream patient outcomes as the most relevant factors for prioritizing interventional treatment. Responses showed that 65 out of 102 and 36 out of 102 physicians believed it (highly) likely that a change in treatment guidance will occur to prioritize earlier interventional treatment for the management of PwO, by either using bariatric surgery or pharmacotherapy, respectively. Results from this study provide important learnings, such as opportunities for, and discrepancies in, the provision of alternative care in light of services cancellations or delays, which may be important for the future management of obesity, especially during future waves of COVID‐19 or other infectious pandemics.
Survival of Erwinia psidii in epiphytic, soil and eucalyptus leaf debris conditions
Authors: Lanna‐Filho Roberto , Bieler Fabiane Laís , Borges Junior Norton 
Published: July 2021

AbstractErwinia psidii is an airborne bacterium that is the causal agent of eucalyptus bacterial blight in Brazil. However, there are no studies on the survival of the bacterial pathogen under epiphytic, soil and eucalyptus leaf debris conditions. We investigated the survival of E. psidii on the phylloplane and in leaf debris from two eucalyptus genotypes, and within eucalyptus forest soil. A rifampicin‐resistant mutant (CR01R) was obtained from the wild type by the gradient plate method and chosen for the study because it showed the same morphological, growth, pathogenic and aggressive properties as the parental strain. On the phylloplane of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus globulus and E. saligna, the plant–pathogenic bacterium was recovered for up to 40 and 60 days, respectively. Under non‐sterile eucalyptus forest soil, E. psidii survived for 15 days post–soil infestation. In leaf debris from the eucalyptus genotypes, the bacterial pathogen was detected for up to 90 days in debris placed on the soil surface. However, under non‐sterile soil, 5 or 15 cm deep, the bacterium was detected for up to 45 and 60 days in leaf debris from E. saligna and E. urophylla × E. globulus, respectively. In this study, we showed that E. psidii can survive as an epiphyte or saprophyte in diseased leaves on the soil. However, the pathogen was a poor survivor in natural eucalyptus forest soil. The pathogen's survival period in leaf debris buried in the soil was drastically reduced. This information shows that the phylloplane or leaf debris is putative reservoirs for the bacterium and may serve as a primary inoculum source.
Lessons from an aborted controlled trial on the impact of befriending in an early intervention in psychosis population
Authors: Hansen Lars , Bayford Emma , Wood Rachael , Proctor Kyt , Jansen Rebecca , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe current study aimed to explore the effects of organized befriending for an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) population.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to control or intervention groups. Those in the befriending arm were paired based on a shared interests questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative methods were planned to assess experience and impact of the intervention across clinical and recovery outcomes. We aimed to recruit 60 participants, however only 16 participants completed the trial.ResultsThe study was unsuccessful due to issues with recruitment and retention of participants. We gathered feedback from those who withdrew, to understand this better.ConclusionsWe offer our observations to other clinicians who may be considering similar research. A more assertive researcher‐led approach over the first few meetings between matched pairs is likely to have been more effective in retaining participants' engagement in the study.
Barriers, facilitators and interventions to support help‐seeking amongst young people living in families impacted by parental mental illness: A systematized review
Authors: Davies Grace , P. Deane Frank , Williams Virginia , Giles Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimChildren living in families impacted by parental mental illness are at increased risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes compared with children living in families unaffected by mental illness. Considered to be a hard‐to reach group, it is likely that there are unique barriers for these young people in seeking help for their difficulties. This systematized review synthesizes what is currently known about help‐seeking barriers, facilitators and interventions for young people affected by parental mental illness.MethodsThree databases were searched, yielding 2556 results and three studies were identified through other sources. Studies were screened on title and abstract review and were excluded if they were published before 2005 or if they did not include the perspectives of young people. At a second stage, full‐text articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were included for data extraction and quality appraisal.ResultsQualitative and quantitative data synthesis revealed three significant barriers (i) stigma, (ii) family communication and (iii) lack of belonging and shared experience, three key facilitators (i) individual characteristics, (ii) group identification and (iii) anonymity and three primary components of therapeutic interventions (i) psychoeducation, (ii) connection with peers and (iii) accessibility.ConclusionsIt was found that stigma towards mental illness is highly salient amongst young people impacted by parental mental illness and has unique effects on their patterns of help‐seeking. Help‐seeking research amongst this group is still emerging, with a need for greater clarity in operationalisation of help‐seeking constructs and more robust methodological designs.
Design of a secured telehealth system based on multiple biosignals diagnosis and classification for IoT application
Authors: Hamil Hocine , Zidelmal Zahia , Azzaz Mohamed Salah , Sakhi Samir , Kaibou Redouane , Djilali Salem , Ould Abdeslam Djaffar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to design a new telehealth system with secured wireless transmission and classification of multiple biosignals using e‐Health sensors platform and Xbee modules with Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi as acquisition and processing units, respectively. The collected data, such as temperature, airflow, position, Galvanic skin response and oxygen in the blood can be evaluated in order to monitor patient health state using threshold detection. The prediction of the cardiac state based on automatic identification of arrhythmias is validated by the classification of ElectroCardioGram (ECG) signals using Artificial Intelligence (AI) by exploiting TensorFlow and Keras tools. Different AI algorithms and a combination with different Machine Learning (ML) basing to transfer learning approach are tested. These algorithms include Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Random Forest (RF). At first, ANN and CNN are used to classify ECG‐scalogram images using softmax, then the used CNN model (VGG16) is employed to extract features and pass them to other traditional classifiers (SVM, KNN and RF) allowing to evaluate and select the best classifier, such that the ECG signal can be classified into four categories namely Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and other cardiac arrhythmia (ARR). The proposed method has been evaluated using real recorded signals and four PhysioNet databases. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been designed with C# under Visual Studio IDE allowing to display the results using personal computer (PC) or a network linked phone, which makes it possible to transfer the diagnosis with the prediction results to a remote clinic control room as Internet of Things (IoT) system application. The best classification accuracy of 99.56% is attained, confirming that the designed system allows a good trade‐off between low cost and performances in addition, it is easy to use with quick access to multiple biosignals. It has improved vital characteristics monitoring and diagnosis services quality under a robust secured wireless transmission using lightweight chaos‐based algorithm, thus preventing loss of life during critical health situations.
A Gulf in lockdown: How an enforced ban on recreational vessels increased dolphin and fish communication ranges
Authors: Pine Matthew K. , Wilson Louise , Jeffs Andrew G. , McWhinnie Lauren , Juanes Francis , Scuderi Alessia , Radford Craig A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrom midnight of 26 March 2020, New Zealand became one of the first countries to enter a strict lockdown to combat the spread of COVID‐19. The lockdown banned all non‐essential services and travel both on land and sea. Overnight, the country's busiest coastal waterway, the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, became devoid of almost all recreational and non‐essential commercial vessels. An almost instant change in the marine soundscape ensued, with ambient sound levels in busy channels dropping nearly threefold the first 12 h. This sudden drop led fish and dolphins to experience an immediate increase in their communication ranges by up to an estimated 65%. Very low vessel activity during the lockdown (indicated by the presence of vessel noise over the day) revealed new insights into cumulative noise effects from vessels on auditory masking. For example, at sites nearer Auckland City, communication ranges increased approximately 18 m (22%) or 50 m (11%) for every 10% decrease in vessel activity for fish and dolphins, respectively. However, further from the city and in deeper water, these communication ranges were increased by approximately 13 m (31%) or 510 m (20%). These new data demonstrate how noise from small vessels can impact underwater soundscapes and how marine animals will have to adapt to ever‐growing noise pollution.
Plasma cell biology: Foundations for targeted therapeutic development in transplantation
Authors: Rossi Amy P. , Alloway Rita R. , Hildeman David , Woodle E. Steve 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid organ transplantation is a life‐saving procedure for patients with end‐stage organ disease. Over the past 70 years, tremendous progress has been made in solid organ transplantation, particularly in T‐cell‐targeted immunosuppression and organ allocation systems. However, humoral alloimmune responses remain a major challenge to progress. Patients with preexisting antibodies to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are at significant disadvantages in regard to receiving a well‐matched organ, moreover, those who develop anti‐HLA antibodies after transplantation face a significant foreshortening of renal allograft survival. Historical therapies to desensitize patients prior to transplantation or to treat posttransplant AMR have had limited effectiveness, likely because they do not significantly reduce antibody levels, as plasma cells, the source of antibody production, remain largely unaffected. Herein, we will discuss the significance of plasma cells in transplantation, aspects of their biology as potential therapeutic targets, clinical challenges in developing strategies to target plasma cells in transplantation, and lastly, novel approaches that have potential to advance the field.
Power dynamics in software platform ecosystems
Authors: Hurni Thomas , Huber Thomas L. , Dibbern Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn software platform ecosystems, the technological and structural peculiarities vest the platform owner with an extremely powerful position that puts any complementor at the mercy of the platform owner's actions. Paradoxically, it is the self‐determination and proactivity of the complementors that determine the ecosystem's success through their surprising outside innovations. This study addresses this power paradox by unpacking the power dynamics between platform owners and complementors. Based on an exploratory multiple‐case study of six platform partnerships, we find that power in platform ecosystems unfolds as a reciprocal process of three interlocking cycles, in which both the platform owner and the complementors take an active role. The modus operandi of power in platform ecosystems is a “central power cycle” in which the complementors repeatedly evaluate whether to accept or reject the platform owner's domination power. Thriving partnerships sustain this central power cycle over time, which requires that the platform owner and the complementors dynamically adapt their wielding of power to the changing needs of the partnership (partnership adaptation cycle) or the ecosystem (ecosystem redefinition cycle). For the platform owner, this entails the occasional use of manipulation to favour a particular partnership or redefining the ecosystem's framework and sporadically wielding coercion in favour of the broader ecosystem. For the complementor, this entails over‐subjectification to entice the platform owner to wield its power in favour of their partnership. Our findings have important implications for platform ecosystem and power theory, as well as managerial practice.
Locating resistance to healthcare information technology: A Bourdieusian analysis of doctors' symbolic capital conservation
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Singh Jang Bahadur , Chandwani Rajesh , Gupta Agam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research examines the socially significant issue of doctors' resistance to healthcare information technology (HIT) from the radical power perspective. It adopts Bourdieu's social practice theory to examine the interaction of HIT with the reproduction of doctors' historically rooted social standing through the doctor‐patient‐interaction (D‐P‐I) practice. Findings from our ethnographic enquiry at a large corporate healthcare organisation in India link doctors' historically rooted social standing to the symbolic recognition of their embodied emotional capital existing in tandem with their habitus. The symbolic recognition of emotional capital provided a better valorisation of clinical capital and allowed the accumulation of other forms of capital—institutionalised capital, social capital and economic capital—that formed doctors' capital structure and contributed to their social status. Doctors produced emotional capital by putting their habitus into practice and, in the process, reproduced its symbolic status and their social status linked to it. HIT challenged doctors to put their habitus into practice, thereby creating a perception of threat to emotional capital. Doctors' HIT resistance was a conservation strategy to reproduce their historically rooted higher social status. Findings from this study contribute to the literature on Power and IT resistance.
Electric field‐assisted solid‐state reaction of BaCO3‐TiO2 system
Authors: Zhu Yan , Ma Baisheng , Wang Kewei , Sun Zhenzhong , Ren Ke , Wang Yiguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report phase transition process during the solid‐state reaction of BaCO3‐TiO2 system under the assistance of electric field. Experiments were conducted at a constant heating rate with preset field strength and current limit. Solid‐state reaction was completed upon reactive flash sintering taking place at ~1002℃ under 200 V/cm. Hexagonal BaTiO3 phase, which rarely occurs at such temperatures, was obtained after flash sintering at a current density of 23.5 mA/mm2. It is speculated that oxygen deficiency during flash sintering triggered cubic‐to‐hexagonal transition of BaTiO3. Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction results show that solid‐state reaction takes place prior to flash sintering. Electric field could accelerate the reaction but did not alter the sequence of phase evolution.
Distracted institutions, information asymmetry and stock price stability
Authors: Flugum Ryan , Orlova Svetlana , Prevost Andrew , Sun Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the interplay between stock price stability and the information environment following periods of institutional distraction. Using a large panel dataset over the years 1982–2016, we find that the level of ownership by distracted institutions significantly explains crash risk independent of additional determinants identified in prior research. Distraction has a pronounced effect on crash risk among firms that are subject to greater information opacity. Furthermore, we identify a causal impact of institutional distraction on the quality of the information environment that persists over the year following the distraction period. This heightened information asymmetry impedes investors’ ability to process information, leading investors to overreact to bad news.