bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized Ring Pearcey Beams with Tunable Autofocusing Properties
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Pang Zihao , Zhao Daomu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, generalized ring Pearcey beams are proposed theoretically and their corresponding generation is demonstrated experimentally by use of the double‐phase method. Generalized ring Pearcey beams evolve into circular or elliptical ring Pearcey beams, depending on the elliptical parameter. It is shown that the autofocusing properties of such beams can be effectively controlled by adjusting the elliptical parameter and the spatial distribution factor. To perform a more comprehensive investigation, the radially polarized forms of the beams are also realized in experiments. It is found that for both cases of vector and scalar, the peak intensity of the beams at the autofocusing plane undergo a dramatic increase as compared with that at the initial plane. Finally, by taking optical trapping as an example, it is proved that generalized ring Pearcey beams could be a productive instrument for industrial applications.
Interfacial Microenvironment Modulation Boosting Electron Transfer between Metal Nanoparticles and MOFs for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Xu Mingliang , Li Dandan , Sun Kang , Jiao Long , Xie Chenfan , Ding Chunmei , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterfacial electron transfer between cocatalyst and photosensitizer is key in heterogeneous photocatalysis, yet the underlying mechanism remains subtle and unclear. Surfactant coated on the metal cocatalysts, greatly modulating the microenvironment of catalytic sites, is largely ignored. Herein, a series of Pt co‐catalysts with modulated microenvironments, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capped Pt nanoparticles (denoted as PtPVP), Pt with partially removed PVP (PtrPVP), and clean Pt without PVP (Pt), were encapsulated into a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66‐NH2, to afford PtPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, PtrPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, and Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2, respectively, for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The PVP appears to have a negative influence on the interfacial electron transfer between Pt and the MOF. Compared with PtPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, the removal of interfacial PVP improves the sluggish kinetics of electron transfer, boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Influence of Prolonged Deep‐Frying Using Various Oils on Volatile Compounds Formation of French Fries Using GC–MS, GC‐O, and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Xu Lirong , Wu Gangcheng , Ji Xin , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlavor is a decisive sensory characteristic to determine the popularity of French fries (FF). To investigate the effect of prolonged deep‐frying using various oils on volatiles formation of FF, the FF were prepared in the palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO), and high‐oleic rapeseed oil (RO) for 24 hours intermittent frying. The effect of oil types was found to be more significant than the frying time on the volatiles of FF indicated from the clusters of the fried FF by chemometric analysis. A total of 26 key aroma‐active compounds were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis, in which aldehydes were predominant. The FF fried in SO revealed higher desirable aroma compounds, i.e., (E, E)‐2,4‐decadienal and it increased to maximum value at 12 hours, and left the deep‐fried odor in FF. Meanwhile, a significant increase in metallic off‐flavor was observed in FF fried in SO and PO at 20 hours, indicating that oil quality reduction resulted in FF with unappealing flavor. The above results showed that frying process had an optimum frying window (approximately 4–16 hours with total polar compounds content below 22.2%), and the French fries prepared in this period obtained higher flavor scores. The study will provide insights into the effect of oil types and oxidation degree on obtaining the ideal flavors for fried food.
Study on the characteristics of flow field in disc partition in disc centrifuge
Authors: Fu Shuangcheng , Zhu Jie , Zhou Faqi , Yuan Huixin , Miao Wenjing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the characteristics of flow field in the disc partition divided by ribs and its influence on the separation efficiency of disc centrifuge were investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimented data. The shape and intensity of the vortex in the thin‐layer flow in the disc gap were significantly affected by the disc partition, as well as the solid–liquid two‐phase interface and particle concentration. The analysis of Q criterion indicated that vortexes with different scales and strengths in the disc gap were produced by the disc partition with higher intensity near the neutral hole and lower intensity away from the neutral hole. In addition, the increase of disc partition led to the decrease of the scales of vortex. Especially, the motion of solid particles in the disc gap was affected by the scales and intensity of vortex. There was a critical value of separation efficiency along with the disc partition (n = 6), that is, higher or less than this value leads to the decrease of separation efficiency. And the maximal separation efficiency is 14%, 3%, and 7% higher than the disc partition of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. This research revealed that the flow field in the disc gap could be controlled by the disc partition, as well as the intensity and distribution range of vortex, by which the separation efficiency of disc centrifuge could be improved. The results presented here may provide a workable reference for the design, optimization, and application of disc centrifuge.
Subgrouping by gene expression profiles to improve relapse risk prediction in paediatric B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Huang Qingsheng , Zhong Jiayong , Gao Huan , Li Kuanrong , Liang Huiying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRelapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a prevalent paediatric cancer and one of the most common causes of mortality from malignancy in children. Tailoring the intensity of therapy according to early stratification is a promising strategy but remains a major challenge due to heterogeneity and subtyping difficulty. In this study, we subgroup B‐precursor ALL patients by gene expression profiles, using non‐negative matrix factorization and minimum description length which unsupervisedly determines the number of subgroups. Within each of the four subgroups, logistic and Cox regression with elastic net regularization are used to build models predicting minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) respectively. Measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), subgrouping improves prediction of MRD in one subgroup which mostly overlaps with subtype TCF3‐PBX1 (AUC = 0·986 in the training set and 1·0 in the test set), compared to a global model published previously. The models predicting RFS displayed acceptable concordance in training set and discriminate high‐relapse‐risk patients in three subgroups of the test set (Wilcoxon test p = 0·048, 0·036, and 0·016). Genes playing roles in the models are specific to different subgroups. The improvement of subgrouped MRD prediction and the differences of genes in prediction models of subgroups suggest that the heterogeneity of B‐precursor ALL can be handled by subgrouping according to gene expression profiles to improve the prediction accuracy.
Should Periodontists Prescribe Postoperative Oral Corticosteroids to Control Pain and Swelling? A Systematic Review
Authors: Wagner Jennah C. , Johnson Thomas M. , Gilbert William A. 
Published: May 2021

Focused Clinical QuestionIn generally healthy patients receiving third molar, periodontal, or dental implant surgery, do postoperative oral corticosteroids effectively limit pain and swelling compared with placebo or alternative medications?
Problematic psychoanalytic supervision: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study
Authors: Khoshfetrat Ali , Moore Gerry , Kiernan Gemma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProblematic supervision has been found to be a common occurrence among psychotherapists worldwide. Although there are some research studies that explore therapists' experiences of problematic supervision, the literature on such experiences in the context of psychoanalytic supervision is limited. This study, as part of a larger study, explored psychoanalytic psychotherapists' experiences of problematic supervision. Using semi‐structured interviews, 14 professional psychoanalytic practitioners were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed for data analysis. Five themes were identified: feeling frustrated, hurting deprivation, holding back, losing my voice and challenging boundaries. This is the first study capturing professional psychoanalytic therapists' lived experiences of problematic supervision. The findings emphasise a need to take into account the supervisees' conceptualisations about their difficult experiences in order to conduct supervision in a way that is meaningful and accessible for them. The study findings can be extended by future studies that explore the supervisors and the clients' experiences of supervision. Further implications for practice and policy and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Herbal Extracts as Potential Antioxidant, Anti‐Aging, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Whitening Cosmeceutical Ingredients
Authors: Chaiyana Wantida , Charoensup Wannaree , Sriyab Suwannee , Punyoyai Chanun , Neimkhum Waranya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to investigate and compare the antioxidant, anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐aging, and anti‐inflammatory activities of 16 herbal extracts for topical application in cosmetic/cosmeceutical products. Herbal plant materials were extracted by infusion in boiled water for 15 min. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of each extract were investigated by the Folin‐Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2’‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Anti‐tyrosinase and anti‐aging activities were investigated using an in vitro enzymatic‐spectrophotometric method. Anti‐inflammatory activities were investigated using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The findings show that theStevia rebaudianaextract has the most significant levels of both phenols and flavonoids (p<0.05). TheS. rebaudiana,Rosa damascene, andPhyllanthus emblicaextracts possessed the most significant antioxidant activities (p<0.05) and a promising whitening effect with moderate anti‐tyrosinase activities. Furthermore, theEchinacea purpureaextract possessed the most significant anti‐collagenase (78.5±0.0 %), anti‐elastase (69.0±1.4 %), and anti‐hyaluronidase activity (64.2±0.3 %). TheMorus albaextract possessed the most significant anti‐inflammatory activity since it could inhibit the secretion of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (p<0.05). Therefore, these herbal extracts have promising skin benefits and have potential for use as active ingredients in cosmetic/cosmeceutical products.
Novel oral anticoagulants in the treatment of radial artery occlusion
Authors: Roy Sumon , Choxi Ravi , Wasilewski Melissa , Jovin Ion S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransradial access of the vascular system for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention has become the primary approach in several cardiac catheterization laboratories across the world. The paradigm shift from transfemoral access has been driven by improved outcomes in patients undergoing these cardiac procedures by transradial access. Radial artery occlusion is the most common vascular complication of transradial coronary procedures. Only a few studies have reported on the optimal treatment of radial artery occlusion, with ulnar artery compression and anticoagulation, especially with low‐molecular‐weight heparin, having shown the best results. In this case series, four patients who were found to have evidence of post‐cardiac catheterization radial artery occlusion on ultrasound imaging were treated with a 30‐day course of apixaban. Three of the four patients showed complete resolution of radial artery occlusion with addition of apixaban to current standard therapeutic strategies. This case series shows that treatment with novel oral anticoagulants can be an alternative and more convenient option compared to subcutaneous injection of low‐molecular heparin for anticoagulation in patients with post‐coronary angiography radial artery occlusion.
Synthesis of a highly stable Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst for gasoline engine emission control by adjusting Pt distribution
Authors: Lan Li , Xiang Junhuai , Huang Long , Huang Xin , Zhou Weiqi , Li Hongmei , Zhu Yi , Chen Shanhu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor a CeO2/Al2O3‐supported Pt catalyst system, the distribution of Pt is of significant importance to its hydrothermal stability and catalytic performance. Generally speaking, impregnation of a Pt precursor on CeO2/Al2O3 composite is a commonly applied approach to synthesize the catalyst. In this work, partially calcined CeO2 on Al2O3 was used as the support to modify Pt distribution. The characterization results reveal that for conventional Pt/CeO2/Al2O3, Pt is distributed on the outer surface of CeO2/Al2O3; although high dispersion of Pt is obtained for the fresh sample, severe aggregation of Pt species inevitably takes place upon hydrothermal aging treatment, leading to drastic catalyst deactivation. On the other hand, when Pt is principally embedded into the CeO2 region, the Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst has better hydrothermal stability; however, it still shows undesirable catalytic performance owing to the comparatively low dispersion of Pt on the surface. Fortunately, when Pt species are partially embedded into the CeO2 region, and the other portion is located on the outer surface of CeO2, a favourable balance between the dispersion and hydrothermal stability is realized, which consequently brings about superior three‐way catalytic performance after hydrothermal aging treatment.
Sinucrassins A—K, Casbane‐type Diterpenoids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia crassa
Authors: Wu Meng‐Jun , Liu Jiao , Wang Jian‐Rong , Zhang Juan , Wang Hong , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionA detailed chemical study on the Hainan soft coral Sinularia crass has resulted in the isolation and characterization of eleven casbane‐type diterpenoids, named sinucrassins A—K (1—11), along with six known related ones (12—17). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the reported data. The absolute configurations of new compounds were determined by the X‐ray diffraction analysis and computer‐assisted structural elucidation including 13C NMR data calculation and time‐dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism calculation.
CO2 Chemisorption Behavior of Coordination‐Derived Phenolate Sorbents
Authors: Suo Xian , Yang Zhenzhen , Fu Yuqing , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Chen Hao , Luo Huimin , Jiang De‐en , Mahurin Shannon M. , Xing Huabin , Dai Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCO2 chemisorption via C−O bond formation is an efficient methodology in carbon capture especially using phenolate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) as the sorbents to afford carbonate products. However, most of the current IL systems involve alkylphosphonium cations, leading to side reactions via the ylide intermediate pathway. It is important to figure out the CO2 chemisorption behavior of phenolate‐derived sorbents using inactive and easily accessible cation counterparts without active protons. Herein, phenolate‐based systems were constructed via coordination between alkali metal cations with crown ethers to avoid the participation of active protons in CO2 chemisorption. Reaction pathway study revealed that CO2 uptake could be achieved by O−C bond formation to afford carbonate. CO2 uptake capacity and reaction enthalpy were significantly influenced by the coordination effect, alkali metal types, and alkyl groups on the benzene ring.
Trends in bird abundance differ among protected forests but not bird guilds
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Weed Aaron S. , Zipkin Elise F. , Miller Kathryn M. , Finley Andrew O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImproved monitoring and associated inferential tools to efficiently identify declining bird populations, particularly of rare or sparsely distributed species, is key to informed conservation and management across large spatiotemporal regions. We assess abundance trends for 106 bird species in a network of eight forested national parks located within the northeast United States from 2006 to 2019 using a novel hierarchical model. We develop a multispecies, multiregion, removal‐sampling model that shares information across species and parks to enable inference on rare species and sparsely sampled parks and to evaluate the effects of local forest structure. Trends in bird abundance over time varied widely across parks, but species showed similar trends within parks. Three parks (Acadia National Park and Marsh‐Billings‐Rockefeller and Morristown National Historical Parks [NHP]) decreased in bird abundance across all species, while three parks (Saratoga NHP and Roosevelt‐Vanderbilt and Weir‐Farm National Historic Sites) increased in abundance. Bird abundance peaked at medium levels of basal area and high levels of percent forest and forest regeneration, with percent forest having the largest effect. Variation in these effects across parks could be a result of differences in forest structural stage and diversity. By sharing information across both communities and parks, our novel hierarchical model enables uncertainty‐quantified estimates of abundance across multiple geographical (i.e., network, park) and taxonomic (i.e., community, guild, species) levels over a large spatiotemporal region. We found large variation in abundance trends across parks but not across bird guilds, suggesting that local forest condition might have a broad and consistent effect on the entire bird community within a given park. Research should target the three parks with overall decreasing trends in bird abundance to further identify what specific factors are driving observed declines across the bird community. Understanding how bird communities respond to local forest structure and other stressors (e.g., pest outbreaks, climate change) is crucial for informed and lasting management.
Flow modification associated with reduced genetic health of a river‐breeding frog,Rana boylii
Authors: Peek Ryan A. , O'Rourke Sean M. , Miller Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRiver regulation or flow modification—the hydrological alteration of flow by dams and diversions—has been implicated as a cause of fundamental change to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Flow modification changes the patterns and functionality of the natural flow regime and has the potential to restrict population connectivity and gene flow in river‐dependent organisms. Since population connectivity and the maintenance of genetic diversity are fundamental drivers of long‐term persistence, understanding the extent flow modification impacts these critical attributes of genetic health is an important goal for long‐term conservation. Foothill yellow‐legged frogs (Rana boylii) were historically abundant throughout many western rivers but have declined since the onset of flow regulation. However, the extent to whichR. boyliipopulations in rivers with altered flow regimes are maintaining connectivity and genetic diversity is unknown. Here, we use population genomics to investigate the impacts of flow alteration onR. boyliito explore their potential for long‐term persistence under continued flow modification. We foundR. boyliiin rivers with flow modification showed striking patterns of isolation and trajectories of genetic diversity loss relative to unregulated rivers. For example, flow modification explained the greatest amount of variance in population genetic differentiation compared with other covariates including geographic distance. Importantly, patterns of connectivity and genetic diversity loss were observed regardless of flow alteration level but were most prominent in locations with the greatest flow modification intensity. Although our results do not bode well for long‐term persistence ofR. boyliipopulations under current flow regulation regimes, they do highlight the power of genetic monitoring for assessing population health in aquatic organisms.
Edge density affects demography of an exploited grassland bird
Authors: Howell Paige E. , Terhune Theron M. , Martin James A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHumans modify landscapes for a variety of reasons including agriculture, urbanization, and to facilitate recreation. Landscape modifications can lead to complete loss of existing cover types and/or fragmentation of remaining cover types. Grasslands are one of the ecosystems most heavily impacted by human modifications; however, for many species, an understanding of how fragmentation affects population parameters is lacking. We investigated the influence of landscape fragmentation on survival, reproduction, and density using the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a facultative grassland species, as our case study. We experimentally manipulated the level of edge density (none, low, and high) of bobwhite management units and estimated seasonal survival, productivity, and autumn densities. Winter survival was lower in edge density treatments, relative to the control. An increase in migratory raptor density during the winter, along with a decrease in thermal refugia, may be contributing to lower winter survival in edge density treatments. Fecundity was higher in the edge density treatments, relative to the control, and was negatively related to winter survival. Similarly, breeding season survival was higher in more fragmented sites. This indicated a density‐dependent relationship, where lower bird densities at the beginning of the breeding season possibly led to greater resource availability, and thus survival and productivity, of the birds that remained. However, a density‐dependent response in breeding season survival and productivity was not enough to offset the negative impact of edges in the low edge density sites. Consequently, autumn density was lower relative to both control and high edge density treatments. Our study demonstrates the importance of capturing the entire life cycle when exploring the relationship between landscape pattern and population parameters.