bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept analysis of psychological safety: Further understanding for application to health care
Authors: Ito Ayano , Sato Kana , Yumoto Yoshie , Sasaki Miki , Ogata Yasuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo clarify the concept of psychological safety in a healthcare context and to provide the first theoretical framework for improving interpersonal relationships in the workplace to better patient care.DesignA Rodgers’ concept analysis.MethodsThe concept analysis was conducted using a systematic search strategy on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Ichushi‐Web.ResultsAn analysis of 88 articles studying psychological safety in health care identified five attributes: perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks, strong interpersonal relationships, group‐level phenomenon, safe work environment for taking interpersonal risks and non‐punitive culture. The antecedents included structure/system factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. The four consequences included performance outcomes, organizational culture outcomes, and psychological and behavioural outcomes.
A review of implementation and evaluation of Pan American Health Organization's policies to prevent childhood obesity in Latin America
Authors: Molina Mariana , Anderson Laura N. , Guindon Godefroy E. , Tarride Jean‐Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationaleTo inform future policies, the study objectives were to determine to what extent the policies included in the 5‐year Plan of Action for the Prevention of Obesity in Children and Adolescents—proposed by Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and signed by 19 Latin America countries in 2014—have been implemented and evaluated.MethodsA scoping review of the Governmental websites for Latin American countries and a literature review was conducted to identify whether policies have been implemented and evaluated. Key information was abstracted.ResultsThe review identified 115 PAHO policies/interventions implemented (43% implemented after signing the proposed plan in 2014). Nearly all (18/19) countries implemented food guidelines or school feeding programs, but fiscal and marketing policies were less commonly implemented (6/19). Through the review, 44 evaluations of PAHO policies were identified of which 23% were qualitative and 77% quantitative. The results of these evaluations were in general positive (e.g., decrease in sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption following tax implementation) but no studies evaluated the outcome of reduced obesity.ConclusionsPAHO recommended policies have been implemented to various degrees in Latin America since 2014 and more research is required to understand their impacts on child and adolescent obesity.
Modification of poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) via free‐radical grafting and its photo‐crosslinking
Authors: Harlay Agnès , Brossier Thomas , Morand Nicolas , Batistella Marcos , Regazzi Arnaud , Blanquer Sébastien , Lopez‐Cuesta José , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPoly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) is functionalized via radical grafting with 4‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene 1,2‐epoxide (VCHO) initiated using 2,5‐Bis(tert‐butylperoxy)‐2,5‐dimethylhexane. The existence of the epoxide group on the SEBS backbone is evidenced by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) study reveals some chain coupling, and this phenomenon is limited by controlling the quantities of peroxide and monomer reagents used during the radical grafting. Photo‐crosslinking of SEBS‐g‐VCHO under ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of a cationic initiator is then successfully performed with resultant gel contents higher than 85%. Mechanical properties of SEBS and crosslinked materials are measured by tensile tests on thin films. On the one hand, those tests reveal a significant increase of Young's modulus of the crosslinked materials. On the other hand, the diminution of elongation at break is much more limited; crosslinked materials retain their elastomeric properties with an elongation at break greater than 200%. Finally, the photosensitive SEBS‐g‐VCHO is used to show the adhesion performance of the photo‐crosslinking coating as well as a resin for the stereolithography process.
Alemtuzumab clearance, lymphocyte count, and T‐cell chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in sickle cell disease
Authors: Furstenau Dana , Peer Cody J. , Hughes Thomas E. , Uchida Naoya , Tisdale John , Hall Oliver Morgan , Figg William D. , Hsieh Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveAlemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the cell surface antigen CD52 on lymphocytes. Although it is used for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and incorporated into many hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) conditioning regimens, few studies have evaluated the pharmacology of alemtuzumab in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We therefore examined the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of alemtuzumab in adults with SCD who received a matched related donor HSCT to determine if the clearance of alemtuzumab affects transplant outcomes.DesignPK and PD analysis of patient data from a single‐center clinical trial.SettingClinical research center.PatientsTwenty‐two adult patients with SCD who received one of two nonmyeloablative allogeneic HSCT regimens: alemtuzumab and total body irradiation (Alem‐TBI) or pentostatin, cyclophosphamide, alemtuzumab, and total body irradiation (Pento‐Cy‐Alem‐TBI).Measurements and Main ResultsAlemtuzumab serum concentrations, absolute lymphocyte counts, T‐cell (CD3), and myeloid (CD14/15) chimerism were collected at distinct time points and analyzed. A semi‐mechanistic PK population model was built to understand inter‐individual differences in pharmacology. Alemtuzumab was detectable up to 28 days post‐HSCT. The mean alemtuzumab level 7 days after transplant for patients on Alem‐TBI was 818 ng/ml, significantly lower than the mean level of 1502 ng/ml for patients on Pento‐Cy‐Alem‐TBI (p < 0.001), but this difference decreased as time progressed. The clearance of alemtuzumab was linear, and the half‐life was longer in the Pento‐Cy‐Alem‐TBI group (average half‐life = 61.1 h) compared to the Alem‐TBI group (average half‐life = 44.1 h) (p < 0.001). The CD3 chimerism at 2 and 4 months after transplant positively correlated with alemtuzumab levels collected on day 14 after transplant (R2 = 0.40 and p = 0.004 at 2 months, R2 = 0.36 and p = 0.005 at 4 months), but this significance was lost by 6 months after HSCT. No correlation was seen between alemtuzumab levels and CD14/15 chimerism.ConclusionBetween 2 and 4 months after transplant, higher alemtuzumab levels measured 14 days after transplant correlated with patients having better engraftment, suggesting more lymphodepletion may be needed to reduce graft failure in these two non‐myeloablative matched related donor HSCT regimens.
A pre‐processing pipeline to quantify, visualize, and reduce technical variation in protein microarray studies
Authors: Bérubé Sophie , Kobayashi Tamaki , Wesolowski Amy , Norris Douglas E. , Ruczinski Ingo , Moss William J. , Louis Thomas A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechnical variation, or variation from non‐biological sources, is present in most laboratory assays. Correcting for this variation enables analysts to extract a biological signal that informs questions of interest. However, each assay has different sources and levels of technical variation, and the choice of correction methods can impact downstream analyses. Compared to similar assays such as DNA microarrays, relatively few methods have been developed and evaluated for protein microarrays, a versatile tool for measuring levels of various proteins in serum samples. Here, we propose a pre‐processing pipeline to correct for some common sources of technical variation in protein microarrays. The pipeline builds upon an existing normalization method by using controls to reduce technical variation. We evaluate our method using data from two protein microarray studies and by simulation. We demonstrate that pre‐processing choices impact the fluorescent‐intensity based ranks of proteins, which in turn, impact downstream analysis.
Conformational variability of loops in the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein
Authors: Wong Samuel W. K. , Liu Zongjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein facilitates viral infection, and has been the focus of many structure determination efforts. Its flexible loop regions are known to be involved in protein binding and may adopt multiple conformations. This article identifies the S protein loops and studies their conformational variability based on the available Protein Data Bank structures. While most loops had essentially one stable conformation, 17 of 44 loop regions were observed to be structurally variable with multiple substantively distinct conformations based on a cluster analysis. Loop modeling methods were then applied to the S protein loop targets, and the prediction accuracies discussed in relation to the characteristics of the conformational clusters identified. Loops with multiple conformations were found to be challenging to model based on a single structural template.
The potential of dimetindene maleate inducing resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through activating the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice plants
Authors: Salman Elgaly K , Ghoniem Kamal E , Badr Elsayedalaa S , Emeran Amero A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) is considered the most destructive rice disease all over the world. Dimetindene maleate is used in medication against allergic reactions in humans. Dimetindene maleate used to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to protect rice plants from blast disease.RESULTSDimetindene maleate was not effective against fungus linear growth in vitro. In glasshouse conditions, dimetindene maleate significantly improved resistance at 25, 50, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg L−1 concentrations. Leaf blast severity reached 14.18% on plants treated with the most effective concentration of 125 mg L−1 compared with control plants. In field conditions during both seasons (2016 and 2017), 125 mg L−1 dimetindene maleate decreased the disease severity to 1.1% and 2.7%, respectively, after 30 days of treatment. Also, grain yield was increased to 13.27 and 12.90 t ha–1 in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. Moreover, dimetindene maleate induces some of the indicators for salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways via gene expression. These genes include OsWRKY45, OsNPR1, AOS2, JAMYB and PBZ1 (OsPR10), recording 15.14‐, 16.47‐, 5.3‐, 5.37‐ and 5.1‐fold changes, respectively, 12‐h postinoculation.CONCLUSIONThe results overview investigated the effectiveness of dimetindene maleate for increasing rice resistance to blast disease through inducing SAR in rice plants under glasshouse and field conditions, which could be through the SA defense pathway by expression of genes (OsWRKY45 and OsNPR1). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced and sustainable control of Myzus persicae by repellent plants in organic pepper and eggplant greenhouses
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Shu , Fang Yan , Zhang Fan , Jin Zhen‐Yu , Desneux Nicolas , Wang Su 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRepellent plants (RPs), generally used to keep pests away from crops in integrated pest management, have been shown to reduce the need for synthetic insecticide sprays in various agroecosystems. However, few studies have evaluated the pest control efficiency of RPs over the entire growth period of crops. To evaluate the effect of RPs against Myzus persicae and explore the application and management modes of RPs in the field, we planted mint (Mentha haplocalyx), mung bean (Vigna radiata), celery (Apium graveolens) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) near the ventilation openings of commercial greenhouses.RESULTSFive‐month sampling results showed that mung bean and mint treatments significantly reduced M. persicae population levels over the entire growth period, whereas celery and coriander reduced aphid infestations during the main harvest period of eggplant. The four RP species showed the strongest repellence during their fast‐growth periods. Mung bean and mint shortened the activity period of M. persicae in pepper by delaying the pest in reaching its peak activity. Celery and coriander reduced aphid density on eggplant during their main activity period. Mint, celery and coriander inhibited population growth in M. persicae in the laboratory, revealing the potential value of RPs in reducing M. persicae population levels in the field.CONCLUSIONMint, mung bean, celery and coriander planted near ventilation openings could be used to control M. persicae infestations in commercial greenhouses. Early planting and timely replanting of RPs is a more effective, environmentally friendly and suitable method for organic pest control compared with chemical pesticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Regulatory utility of pharmacometrics in the development and evaluation of antimicrobial agents and its recent progress in China
Authors: Zhao Ming , Chen Yuancheng , Yang Dong , Lyu Cheng , Bian Xingchen , Li Xin , Qiu Weiyi , Huang Zhiwei , Hu Zijian , Zhang Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPharmacometrics is an emerging science that interprets drug, disease, and trial information in a mathematical fashion to inform and facilitate efficient drug development and/or regulatory decisions. Pharmacometrics study is increasingly adopted in the regulatory review of new antimicrobial agents. We summarized the 31 antimicrobial agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the 26 antimicrobial agents approved by European Medicines Agency (EMA) from January 2001 to May 2019. We also reviewed recent examples of utilizing pharmacometrics to support antimicrobial agent’s registration in China, including modeling and simulation methods, effects of internal/external factors on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, safety and efficacy evaluation in terms of exposure‐response analysis, refinement of the wording of product labeling and package leaflet, and possible postmarketing clinical trial. Ongoing communication among regulator, academia, and industry regarding pharmacometrics is encouraged to streamline and facilitate the development of new antimicrobial agents. The industry can maximize its benefit in drug development through continued pharmacometrics education/training.
Understanding the relationship of storm‐ to large‐scale environment in the monsoon trough region: results inferred from long‐term radar and reanalysis datasets
Authors: Jha Abhishek Kumar , Das Subrata Kumar , Deshpande Sachin M. , Murali Krishna U. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonsoon trough (MT) convection exhibits multiscale spatial variability ranging from cellular storms to large organized convective systems. Understanding the relationships between storm‐scale convection and the large‐scale environment is crucial for accurately representing the properties and effect of convection in climate models. We investigate these relationships using nine wet seasons (June–September of 2009–2017) of S‐band radar observations over a tropical location (Kolkata) in the Indian summer monsoon trough region. A Lagrangian‐based objective cell‐tracking method, Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting (TITAN), is applied to the volumetric reflectivity data to identify and track the convective storms. ERA5 hourly reanalysis products from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are utilized for the field variables representing the large‐scale environment. We focus on the relationships of radar‐derived storm properties with large‐scale dynamic, thermodynamic, and stability variables such as convergence, mid‐level humidity, convective available potential energy (CAPE), and convective inhibition (CIN). Storm‐scale convection shows a selective nature, characterized as embedded cells in their unique environment. Furthermore, storms are classified as storm cells (simple and intense) and multicellular (linear and nonlinear) based on their geometrical properties and intensity. MT convection is predominantly composed of storm cells and characterized by an environment of moist mid‐level, low‐to‐moderate CAPE, low CIN, and strong dynamic forcing, that is, vertical ascent. In dry and weak dynamic forcing (i.e., subsiding atmosphere) with high CAPE and CIN, the highest rain intensity is associated with a few linear and nonlinear multicellular storms. In the development of such major linear and nonlinear multicellular storms over the eastern flank of the MT, the mid‐troposphere acts as a dry capping inversion. It is observed that the storm‐scale convection varies with the large‐scale dynamic forcing. During weak (strong) dynamic forcing conditions, the CAPE (mid‐level humidity) relates well with the observed storm‐scale convection.
An ADRC‐based PID tuning rule
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Huang Yi , Guo Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article puts forward an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based tuning rule to the well‐known proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control for a class of multi‐input multi‐output non‐affine uncertain systems. It is proved that the PID control with the ADRC‐based tuning rule can guarantee satisfied tracking performance, both for the transient phase and the steady state. Furthermore, it is illustrated that, with the new tuning rule, the PID control is able to timely estimate and compensate for the nonlinear and coupled uncertainties, which explains the reason why PID control does have large‐scale robustness with respect to the uncertainties and can achieve decoupling control with a simple structure. The theoretical results are verified by simulations.
A family of mixture models for biclustering
Authors: Tu Wangshu , Subedi Sanjeena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiclustering is used for simultaneous clustering of the observations and variables when there is no group structure known a priori. It is being increasingly used in bioinformatics, text analytics, and so on. Previously, biclustering has been introduced in a model‐based clustering framework by utilizing a structure similar to a mixture of factor analyzers. In such models, observed variablesare modeled using a latent variablethat is assumed to be from. Clustering of variables are introduced by imposing constraints on the entries of the factor loading matrix to be 0 and 1 that results in block diagonal covariance matrices. However, this approach is overly restrictive as off‐diagonal elements in the blocks of the covariance matrices can only be 1 which can lead to unsatisfactory model fit on complex data. Here, the latent variableis assumed to be from awhereis a diagonal matrix. This ensures that the off‐diagonal terms in the block matrices within the covariance matrices are non‐zero and not restricted to be 1. This leads to a superior model fit on complex data. A family of models is developed by imposing constraints on the components of the covariance matrix. For parameter estimation, an alternating expectation conditional maximization (AECM) algorithm is used. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated using simulated and real datasets.
Ratio estimators of intervention effects on event rates in cluster randomized trials
Authors: Ma Xiangmei , Milligan Paul , Lam Kwok Fai , Cheung Yin Bun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider five asymptotically unbiased estimators of intervention effects on event rates in non‐matched and matched‐pair cluster randomized trials, including ratio of mean counts , ratio of mean cluster‐level event rates , ratio of event rates , double ratio of counts , and double ratio of event rates . In the absence of an indirect effect, they all estimate the direct effect of the intervention. Otherwise, , and estimate the total effect, which comprises the direct and indirect effects, whereas and estimate the direct effect only. We derive the conditions under which each estimator is more precise or powerful than its alternatives. To control bias in studies with a small number of clusters, we propose a set of approximately unbiased estimators. We evaluate their properties by simulation and apply the methods to a trial of seasonal malaria chemoprevention. The approximately unbiased estimators are practically unbiased and their confidence intervals usually have coverage probability close to the nominal level; the asymptotically unbiased estimators perform well when the number of clusters is approximately 32 or more per trial arm. Despite its simplicity, performs comparably with and in trials with a large but realistic number of clusters. When the variability of baseline event rate is large and there is no indirect effect, and tend to offer higher power than , and . We discuss the implications of these findings to the planning and analysis of cluster randomized trials.
Continuous‐Flow Preparation of Benzotropolones: Combined Batch and Flow Synthesis of Epigenetic Modulators of the (JmjC)‐Containing Domain
Authors: Souto José A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA continuous flow synthetic protocol for the preparation of benzotropolones, and further derivatization to yield a recently described inhibitor of (JmjC)‐containing domain enzymes is described. Our procedure renders the desired compound in an efficient and reproducible manner and paves the way towards the preparation of higher amounts of the product, needed for more extensive biological studies.
Carbon Yarn‐Ball‐Entangled SiO2 Anode with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Tongshuai , He Miao , Wang Ting , Wang Hailong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious nanoscale SiO2 and their composites have demonstrated superior electrochemical performance as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, both the battery production and real applications require the integration of nanoscale SiO2 into micrometer‐sized secondary particles while preserving their excellent stability and conductivity, which remains a great challenge. In this work, a unique carbon yarn‐ball structure is successfully synthesized that entangles nanoscale SiO2 together to build a micrometer‐sized secondary particle. The hook‐like carbon wires closely adhere to individual SiO2 nanoparticles, which constitute the basic unit of the yarn‐ball structure. The entangled carbon wires create a network of electron conduction highways for SiO2, and the yarn‐ball structure provides a resilient 3D matrix that can effectively buffer the anisotropic volume changes of SiO2 during Li ion insertion/extraction. Under 0.1 A g−1, the carbon yarn‐ball‐entangled SiO2 can deliver a 1297 mAh g−1 discharge capacity with a small irreversible capacity of 82 mAh g−1. The entangled carbon yarn ball firmly maintains its structural integrity during high‐rate cycling (1 A g−1), which gives rise to a large accessible capacity (709 mAh g−1, 90.7% retention for 500 cycles), superior coulombic efficiency (>99.9%), and excellent structural stability.