bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next-generation sequencing revealed recurrent ZFPM1 mutations in encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Liu Xuguang , Huang Xin , Bai Yan , Zhang Zhiwen , Jin Tiefeng , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEncapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast is a rare subtype of tumor. To date, the genetic abnormalities underlying EPC remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into EPC mutation profile. Forty-one EPCs diagnosed from 2015 to 2018 were included. Twenty-six EPCs were submitted to whole-exome sequencing (WES), and a 185 gene-targeted sequencing panel was designed to validate the results of the 26 EPCs that underwent WES and 15 additional cases. Recurrently mutated genes were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Our study revealed multiple recurrently mutated genes including PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway genes (PIK3CA, AKT1, ULK1, MAP3K1, MAP2K4, RHOA, and PTEN) (27/41, 65.8%) and chromatin modification genes (ZFPM1, GATA3, CTCF, and KMT2C) (21/41, 51.2%) in EPC. Importantly, somatic ZFPM1 mutations existed in 9/41 (21.9%) of the EPCs. The frequency of ZFPM1 mutations in the EPCs was significantly higher than that of other tumor types. Of the nine ZFPM1 mutations, seven were frameshift mutations, and the remaining two were nonsense mutations. Moreover, a significant concurrence of ZFPM1 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR mutations were revealed in the EPCs. Of note, no TP53 mutations were detected in our EPCs, whereas it was detected in a considerable proportion of the luminal A invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NSTs) from TCGA. We reveal that recurrent somatic ZFPM1 mutation is characteristic of EPC and concurred with mutations in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The distinctive genetic features of EPC might underlie its special histological structures and indolent behavior.
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
Authors: Yang Teng , Tedersoo Leho , Fu Xiao , Zhao Chang , Liu Xu , Gao Guifeng , Cheng Liang , Adams Jonathan M , Chu Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsland biogeography theory (IBT) is one of the most fruitful paradigms in macroecology, positing positive species-area and negative species-isolation relationships for the distribution of organisms. Biotic interactions are also crucial for diversity maintenance on islands. In the context of a timberline tree species (Betula ermanii) as “virtual island”, we surveyed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal diversity along a 430-m vertical gradient on the top of Changbai Mountain, China, sampling fine roots and neighboring soils of B. ermanii. Besides elevation, soil properties and plant functional traits, endophytic and saprotrophic fungal diversity were assessed as candidate predictors to construct integrative models. EcM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, and exhibited positive diversity to diameter at breast height and negative diversity to distance from forest edge relationships in both roots and soils. Integrative models further showed that saprotrophic fungal diversity was the strongest predictor of EcM fungal diversity, directly enhancing EcM fungal diversity in roots and soils. Our study supports IBT as a basic framework to explain EcM fungal diversity. The diversity-begets-diversity hypothesis within the fungal kingdom is more predictive for EcM fungal diversity within the IBT framework, which reveals a tight association between saprotrophic and EcM fungal lineages in the timberline ecosystem.
Rate‐compatible systematic polar codes
Authors: Zhu Hongfei , Guan Pengxin , Cao Zhiwei , Zhao Yuping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPuncturing and shortening are two common ways to achieve rate‐compatible non‐systematic polar codes (NSPCs). Systematic polar codes (SPCs) have been shown to outperform NSPCs with the same encoding and decoding complexity. However, rate‐compatible SPCs have never been comprehensively studied in previous work. In this paper, two rate‐compatible algorithms for SPCs are first proposed: uniform puncturing (UP) algorithm and uniform shortening (US) algorithm, which are referred to as SPC‐UP and SPC‐US, respectively. In order to effectively estimate the maximum likelihood decoding performance of punctured and shortened polar codes, subsequently, a distance spectrum calculation algorithm based on successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder for rate‐compatible polar codes is proposed. Simulation results show that rate‐compatible SPCs yield better bit error rate performance than rate‐compatible NSPCs while they have the same frame error rate performance under different code rates and decoding algorithms. Eventually, union bounds that are obtained by the distance spectrum to provide the theoretical explanation for the superiority of rate‐compatible SPCs are utilised.
Algorithm supplement of four‐channel two‐target resolution for amplitude‐comparison monopulse radar
Authors: Wang Yufei , Ma Jiazhi , Shi Longfei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe traditional four‐channel monopulse two‐target resolution algorithm can only apply to phase‐comparison monopulse radars with four parallel beams and is not suitable for amplitude‐comparison monopulse radars with four squint beams. For this case, a supplementary algorithm is proposed here. By a novel matrix transform processing, virtual phase‐comparison monopulse signals are generated from the received amplitude‐comparison monopulse signals and the angles of the targets can be estimated by the traditional four‐channel monopulse resolution algorithm. Moreover, by restructuring the amplitude‐comparison monopulse signals of the two targets from the estimation results, the estimation bias caused by the monopulse curves inconsistency of the phase‐comparison antenna and the amplitude‐comparison antenna is eliminated as well. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A MSWF root‐MUSIC based on Pseudo‐noise resampling technique
Authors: Johnny M. , Aref M. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the shift‐invariance property of uniform linear array in root‐MUSIC estimator for obtaining signal and noise subspaces by applying multistage Wiener filter (MSWF) procedure. Also, the MSWF root‐MUSIC based on the pseudo‐noise resampling process for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of signals is proposed. By this process, a root estimator bank and a corresponding DOA estimator bank are constructed. Then, a hypothesis test is applied to the DOA estimator bank to detect the normal DOA estimators from abnormal DOA estimators called outliers. By averaging the corresponding root estimators of normal DOA estimators, the final DOAs can be determined more accurately. When all the DOA estimators fail to pass the hypothesis test, the criterion based on the Gaussian weight average of the root estimator bank is introduced. By applying this criterion, better outlier‐free performance of MSWF root‐MUSIC can be obtained. Simulations show that our method can improve the DOA estimations, especially in small sample sizes and low signal‐to‐noise ratios.
Regulation of firing rhythms in a four‐stable memristor‐based Hindmarsh–Rose neuron
Authors: Li Zhijun , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis letter presents a novel locally active memristor with four‐stable pinched hysteresis loops which has never been reported before. The non‐volatile memory and local activity of the memristor are verified by the power‐off plot and DC V–I plot. A memristive Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron model is constructed by employing the proposed memristor to characterize the electromagnetic induction effect on the membrane potential. Co‐existing multiple firing patterns are explored under different memristor initial states. Interestingly, the firing rhythms of the neuron model can be regulated by adjusting the memristor initial values in different stable regions. Circuit simulations are included to verify the theoretical analysis.
Improved two‐stage model predictive control method for modular multi‐level converter
Authors: Yang Xingwu , Liu Haibo , Mi Yang , Ji Liang , Wang Yani , Fu Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the modular multi‐level converter (MMC) has been widely used in high and medium voltage DC transmission systems because of its topological advantages. However, for an MMC with a two‐stage model predictive control (TSMPC) method, it is difficult to precisely and reasonably design the weighting factor in the cost function. Here, an improved TSMPC method is proposed which not only can avoid choosing the weighting factor for both first and second stage control but also can raise the output voltage level (OVL) to 2N + 1 without increasing computation burden. The discrete‐time mathematical model of the MMC is first derived. Two circulating current factors are introduced to calculate the optimal number of submodules (SMs) of the upper and lower arms in the first stage control. Secondly, the second stage control calculates the optimal number of SMs through the superior control and forms the optimisation array by adding or subtracting one SM. Then the objective function is developed, and the SMs with the minimum value of the objective function are selected for the final input. Finally, the algorithm of reducing switching frequency (RSF) is applied to achieve the balance of the SM capacitor voltage. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
3‐D magnetic equivalent circuit model for a coreless axial flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Yiming , Gao Shuning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn coreless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generators (AFPMSGs), magnetic leakage and fringing effect is significant due to the large air gap and increases the difficulty in magnetic field calculation. This paper presents a 3‐D magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model for the magnetic field calculation in coreless AFPMSGs by considering the magnetic leakage and fringing flux. Field distribution is calculated based on the magnetic circuit analysis. The magnetic flux in the air gap between the permanent magnets is analysed using the magnetic field division method. Compared with the traditional magnetic circuit model, the magnetic leakage from PM to the rotor iron plates is considered in both radial and tangential directions in the proposed model. The proposed MEC method is applied to a specific AFPMSG, and the magnetic field distribution, no‐load back electromotive force (EMF), and torque are calculated and compared with finite elements (FEM) results. AFPMSG machines with different pole‐arc ratios are prototyped to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed 3‐D MEC model. The results obtained by the proposed MEC model are in good agreement with those of the FEM and experimental results.
A state‐of‐the‐art review on topologies and control techniques of solid‐state transformers for electric vehicle extreme fast charging
Authors: Tahir Yameena , Khan Irfan , Rahman Syed , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Iqbal Atif , Xu Yinliang , Rafi Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrical vehicle (EV) technology has gained popularity due to its higher efficiency, less maintenance, and lower dependence on fossil fuels. However, a longer charging time is a significant barrier to its complete adaptation. Solid state transformer (SST) based extreme fast charging schemes have emerged as an appealing idea with an ability to provide a refuelling capability analogous to that of gasoline vehicles. Therefore, this paper reviews the EV charger requirements, specifications, and design criteria for high power applications. At first, the key barriers of using a traditional low frequency transformer (LFT) are discussed, and potential solutions are suggested by replacing the conventional LFT with high frequency SST at extreme fast‐charging (XFC) stations. Then, various SST‐based converter topologies and their control for EV fast‐charging stations are described. The reviewed control strategies are compared while considering several factors such as harmonics, voltage drop under varying loading conditions, dc offset load unbalances, overloads, and protection against system disturbances. Furthermore, the realization of SST for EV charging is comprehensively discussed, which facilitates understanding the current challenges, based on which potential solutions are also suggested.
A novel hybrid ensemble LSTM‐FFNN forecasting model for very short‐term and short‐term PV generation forecasting
Authors: Kothona Despoina , Panapakidis Ioannis P. , Christoforidis Georgios C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the electrical energy systems brings forward several technical and economic issues that mostly relate to their unpredictable nature. A promising solution to many of these is the implementation of robust PV generation forecasting models. In this paper a novel hybrid Ensemble Long Short‐Term Memory‐Feed Forward Neural Network (ELSTM‐FFNN) model is proposed, that is able to perform both very‐short and short‐term forecasting. The performance of the proposed model is compared with individual LSTM models, and its forecasting accuracy is assessed in two different forecasting horizons: (a) 15‐min ahead and (b) 1‐h ahead. Moreover, in order to fully examine the contribution of the utilized data to the performance of the model, several scenarios have been formulated for each forecasting horizon. The results indicate that the proposed ELSTM‐FFNN model can increase the forecasting accuracy in both horizons between 3–11.9% and 0.2–17.8%, respectively, considering the Mean Absolute Range Normalized Error (MARNE).
Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Therapielandschaft des metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinoms (mHSPC)
Authors: Schwentner Christian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz umfassender Entwicklungen in der Therapie des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms im letzten Jahrzehnt, bestand bei Patienten mit metastasierter hormonsensitiver Erkrankung weiterhin ein Bedarf an gut wirksamen und zugleich gut verträglichen Therapien, die bei einer breiten Patientenpopulation zum Einsatz kommen können.Seit Anfang 2020 wird nach entsprechender Zulassungserweiterung die Lücke beim metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom (mHSPC) durch Apalutamid in Kombination mit einer Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) geschlossen 1. Der moderne Androgenrezeptor-Inhibitor zeigte in der Zulassungsstudie TITAN, in der mHSPC-Patienten unabhängig von Risiko, Metastasenlast oder Diagnosezeitpunkt einschlossen wurden, gegenüber Placebo plus ADT eine gute Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit, bei gleichzeitig guter Lebensqualität 2.
Ulcerative Colitis of the Neovagina in a Toddler with Cloaca and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Erculiani Marta , Zanatta Cinzia , Vidal Enrico , Martelossi Stefano , Midrio Paola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe case of a toddler with long-channel cloaca, mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to renal dysplasia, and early onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) is herein reported. The patient underwent definitive repair of cloaca, that included vaginal elongation with colon, at 5 months of age and was admitted for episodes of vaginal bleeding at 22 months of age. A vaginoscopy revealed a severe inflammation of the colonic neovagina. As rectal bleeding was also noticed, she underwent a colonscopy that showed the same macroscopic inflammatory picture. Neovaginal and colonic biopsies confirmed UC. The mother turned out to be affected by UC since adolescence. The patient is now on oral therapy with mesalazine and topical steroid and mesalazine in the neovagina. The association between cloaca and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is anecdotal, but the family history of IBD should be considered when planning the surgical reconstruction of patients with cloaca. In this patient, the occurrence of UC may require a new neovagina in the future and the concomitance of CKD may complicate the overall management due to the potential nephrotoxicity of drugs used for UC therapy.
A Novel Surgical Approach for the Management of Cloacal Exstrophy with a Giant Omphalocele
Authors: Smith Caitlin A. , Avansino Jeffrey R. , Merguerian Paul , Lane Victoria , Levitt Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCloacal exstrophy is a rare malformation that presents as a lower midline abdominal wall defect which affects the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. The components of cloacal exstrophy characteristically include omphalocele, exstrophy of perineal structures, and imperforate anus. Most of these patients also have renal anomalies such as pelvic kidney, fused kidneys, or solitary kidneys. This congenital condition can also be associated with spinal issues, such as spinal dysraphism. When combined with spinal defects, it is referred to as the omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects (OEIS) complex, and is one of the most challenging surgical conditions to manage. Here, we present a unique case of a low-birth-weight patient with OEIS and a liver containing giant omphalocele and the novel surgical technique used to manage her cloacal exstrophy whereby the cecal plate was not separated from the bladder halves, but rather left for an autoaugment, and the ileum was connected to the hindgut.
Effects of Tourniquet Application on Faster Recovery after Surgery and Ischemia-Reperfusion Post–Total Knee Arthroplasty, Cementation through Closure versus Full-Course and Nontourniquet Group
Authors: Cao Qinggang , Wu Qiong , Liu Yun , He Zhiwei , Cong Yu , Meng Jia , Zhao Jianning , Bao Nirong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPneumatic tourniquets are used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for surgical field visualization and improved cementation; however, their use is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effects of tourniquet application on faster recovery post-TKA. Our hypothesis was that inflammation and limb function would be similar with different tourniquet applications. A prospective randomized double-blinded trial assessed tourniquets effects on postoperative pain, swelling, and early outcome in TKA. In present study, 50 TKAs were enrolled in each group as follows: full course (FC), cementation through closure (CTC), and no tourniquet (NT), CTC as treatment group while FC and NT as control groups. Topical blood samples of 3 mL from the joint cavity and drainage bags were obtained at special time point. At last, all samples such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and myoglobin (Mb) were detected by ELISA. Active and passive range of motion (ROM) values, pain score by the visual analog scale (VAS), change of thigh circumference were recorded at special time point as well. In topical blood, the change of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-a, PTX3, CCL2, PGE2, SOD1, and Mb, was lower in CTC and NT groups than in FC group (p < 0.01 and 0.05). Although VAS and ROM were comparable preoperatively in three groups (p > 0.05), the perimeter growth rate was lower, pain scores (VAS) were reduced, and ROM values were improved in CTC and NT groups compared with FC group at T4, T5, and T6 postoperatively (p < 0.01 and 0.05). Improved therapeutic outcome was observed in the CTC group, indicating patients should routinely undergo TKA with cementation through closure tourniquet application.
Impact of Preoperative Opioid Use on Patient-Reported Outcomes after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Matched Analysis
Authors: Ingall Eitan , Klemt Christian , Melnic Christopher M. , Cohen-Levy Wayne B. , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is a retrospective study. Prior studies have characterized the deleterious effects of narcotic use in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While there is an increasing revision arthroplasty burden, data on the effect of narcotic use in the revision surgery setting remain limited. Our aim was to characterize the effect of active narcotic use at the time of revision TKA on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). A total of 330 consecutive patients who underwent revision TKA and completed both pre- and postoperative PROMs was identified. Due to differences in baseline characteristics, 99 opioid users were matched to 198 nonusers using the nearest-neighbor propensity score matching. Pre- and postoperative knee disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (KOOS-PS), patient reported outcomes measurement information system short form (PROMIS SF) physical, PROMIS SF mental, and physical SF 10A scores were evaluated. Opioid use was identified by the medication reconciliation on the day of surgery. Propensity score–matched opioid users had significantly lower preoperative PROMs than the nonuser for KOOS-PS (45.2 vs. 53.8, p < 0.01), PROMIS SF physical (37.2 vs. 42.5, p < 0.01), PROMIS SF mental (44.2 vs. 51.3, p < 0.01), and physical SF 10A (34.1 vs. 36.8, p < 0.01). Postoperatively, opioid-users demonstrated significantly lower scores across all PROMs: KOOS-PS (59.2 vs. 67.2, p < 0.001), PROMIS SF physical (43.2 vs. 52.4, p < 0.001), PROMIS SF mental (47.5 vs. 58.9, p < 0.001), and physical SF 10A (40.5 vs. 49.4, p < 0.001). Propensity score–matched opioid-users demonstrated a significantly smaller absolute increase in scores for PROMIS SF Physical (p = 0.03) and Physical SF 10A (p < 0.01), as well as an increased hospital length of stay (p = 0.04). Patients who are actively taking opioids at the time of revision TKA report significantly lower preoperative and postoperative outcome scores. These patients are more likely to have longer hospital stays. The apparent negative effect on patient reported outcomes after revision TKA provides clinically useful data for surgeons in engaging patients in a preoperative counseling regarding narcotic use prior to revision TKA to optimize outcomes.
Scaling up real networks by geometric branching growth
Authors: Zheng Muhua , García-Pérez Guillermo , Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Branching processes underpin the complex evolution of many real systems. However, network models typically describe network growth in terms of a sequential addition of nodes. Here, we measured the evolution of real networks—journal citations and international trade—over a 100-y period and found that they grow in a self-similar way that preserves their structural features over time. This observation can be explained by a geometric branching growth model that generates a multiscale unfolding of the network by using a combination of branching growth and a hidden metric space approach. Our model enables multiple practical applications, including the detection of optimal network size for maximal response to an external influence and a finite-size scaling analysis of critical behavior.
Improving the strength-ductility trade-off of TiB2/Al-4.5%Cu composites via Mg–Ag microalloying and multi-step heat treatment
Authors: Xue Yanqing , Hao Qitang , Li Bo , Wang Xinliang , Yin Chengze , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To surmount the longstanding puzzle of strength-ductility trade-off, efforts had been made to apply Mg - Ag microalloying on 5%TiB2/Al-4.5%Cu composites by in situ molten salt reaction and subsequent heat treatment. The obtained composites achieve an eye-catching tensile elongation (δ) of 6.1 ± 0.4%, while maintaining elevated ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 497 ± 4 MPa and yield strength (YS) of 401 ± 3MPa. Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that the uniformly distributed TiB2 particles together with semi-coherent grain boundaries between the α-Al matrix and reinforcement phase (TiB2 particles, Ω-Al2Cu, σ-Al5Cu6Mg2) facilitated the dislocation motion integrally, which eliminated the stress concentrations, may be the main reason for amelioration in the strength-ductility trade-off of the composites when subject to rigorous multi-step heat treatment.