bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study on Pharmacovigilance among Rural Doctors and Private Practitioners
Authors: Divakar B. , Patel Rohan , Verma Mamtarani 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Rise in the introduction of newer drugs in the market has increased the need to monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to ensure patient safety. To overcome this need, a nation-wide Pharmacovigilance Programme was initiated by the Government of India with an objective to assure drug safety. Even after a decade of its initiation, the program is in the stage of infancy.

Aims and Objectives:
To document knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance among Primary Health Center/Community Health Centers (PHC/CHC) and private doctors. To document the opinion of PHC/CHC and private doctors with regard to reporting of ADRs.

Materials and Methods:
Doctors working in private setup, PHC and CHC in rural district and doctors willing to give written informed consent were included. A cross-sectional study design was used. KAP questionnaire was designed to assess the demographic details of doctors, their knowledge of pharmacovigilance, attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and practice on ADR reporting. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:
109 doctors of PHC/CHC and private set-up responded in the study. Out of 109 doctors, 52 were private practitioners. The mean age of participants was 43.09 ± 14.15 years. 56 (51.4%) of PHC/CHC and private set-up doctors were aware regarding the existence of a National Pharmacovigilance Programme in India. 107 (98.2%) doctors of PHC/CHC and private set up have the opinion that there is the necessity of reporting ADRs.

Conclusion:
This study will definitely act as a sensitizer toward ADR reporting among rural and private doctors. It is the need of the hour that doctors must spare time out of their busy schedule to report ADRs. Strong policy formation should be done to motivate them for reporting ADRs.
Ionised Serum Calcium Reference Interval among Rural Women of Reproductive Age in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Onyekwelu Angus Chukwuemeka , Abdullahi Habiba Ibrahim , Isah Aliyu Yabagi , Jamda Abubakar Mustapha , Nwegbu Maxwell Maduekwe 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Various medical conditions in pregnancy may be traced to suboptimal levels of serum calcium during pregnancy. Communities' derivation of normal serum calcium reference interval is imperative.

Objective:
The objective was to determine the normal free (ionised) serum calcium reference interval among women of reproductive age in the federal capital territory (FCT) of Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 240 women from six primary health-care facilities in Abuja, Nigeria. Their blood samples were collected in serum separator bottles. The outcome measure was the determination of the reference interval of free (ionised) serum calcium among the participants.

Results:
The obtained normal reference interval of ionised serum calcium (iCa) was 0.88–1.4 mmol/L. The accompanying reference intervals for total protein and albumin were 5.7–9.4 mg/dl and 3.3–5.2 mg/dl, respectively.

Conclusion:
The derived reference interval of iCa in this study was 0.88–1.4 mmol/L, while the total calcium range was 2.18–2.82 mmol/L. These intervals are recommended for use in the Nigerian FCT and its environs as it provides lower intervals compared to the operational values. There is a need for a national derived value as this may change the practice.
Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Profile of Colorectal Cancers Seen on Colonoscopy in Kano, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Musa Yusuf , Mohammed Mansur Femi , Muhammad Nurudeen Olalekan , Yusuf Ibrahim , Abdulrahim Abdulrashid Onimisi , Samaila Adamu Alhaji , Borodo Musa Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. With 5% risk of developing CRC in life, it became the third leading cause of cancer death in developed nations. In Nigeria, it is the most common GI cancer. However, there are limited data on CRC in the study area (North-Western part of Nigeria). The aim of this study was to identify the clinical, endoscopic and histological profile of CRC seen on colonoscopy.

Methodology:
This was a retrospective descriptive study where colonoscopic and histological records of suspected CRC in the study centre between January 2008 to December 2017 were evaluated.

Results:
Records of 135 patients were reviewed, and males constituted 63.7%. The mean age was 46.61 ± 16.80 years, with 30–39 years as a modal group. Common presentations were diarrhoea (86.7%) and bleeding per rectum (68.9%). Areas affected were rectosigmoid colon (63%), ascending colon (14.1%), descending colon (8.9%), transverse colon (7.4%) and anal canal (6.7%). Histologically, adenocarcinoma was reported in 57.8%, mucinous adenocarcinoma in 8.1% and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma in 3.7%. Tubular and villous adenomas were 3% each. Others were carcinoid tumours (1.5%), metastatic adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, GI stromal tumour, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, angiosarcoma and adenoid cyst carcinoma reported in 0.7% each.

Conclusion:
Majority of the patients with CRC were in their young age. The most common presentations were diarrhoea, weight loss and anaemia. The most common site of affectation was in the left colon, while the most common histological finding was adenocarcinoma.
Prevalence, Pattern and Predictors of Sexual Abuse among Young Female Hawkers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Amole Taiwo Gboluwaga , Abdullahi Hadiza , Abdullahi Nafisa Tijjani , Abubakar Abubakar Sadiq , Ajayi Abdullahi Onimisi , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Ismail 
Published: July 2021

Context:
Sexual abuse of young female hawkers is a subject of public health importance with resultant long-lasting physical and mental consequences.

Aims:
This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and predictors of sexual abuse among female hawkers in Kano State, Nigeria.

Settings and Design:
Using a descriptive cross-sectional design and two-stage sampling technique, female hawkers in Kano metropolis were studied.

Subjects and Methods:
An adapted and pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from 236 female hawkers. Data were analysed with SPSS Statistics, version 24.0 software. Prevalence and pattern of sexual abuse was determined and adjusted odds ratios of predictors derived from binary logistic regression models.

Results:
The prevalence of sexual abuse was 68.6%. Forms of sexual abuse reported included verbal abuse (38.1%), inappropriate touch (64.0%) and rape (25.8%). Predictors of sexual abuse included respondents' age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 10.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.92–38.84]), ethnicity (aOR = 4.26, 95% CI [1.30–14.00]), highest educational attainment (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.15–0.99]), residence with parent (s) (aOR = 0.07, 95%CI [0.01–0.54]) and parents being alive (aOR = 6.79, 95%CI [1.41–32.62]).

Conclusions:
Sexual abuse is prevalent among female hawkers and the forms experienced ranged from verbal abuse to inappropriate touch and rape. Interventions that delay age at the commencement of hawking, ensure the education of the girl child and support parental care could foster more matured and smart female hawkers who can avoid sexual abuse.
Community Mitigation Strategies for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ogboghodo Esohe Olivia , Osaigbovo Iriagbonse Iyabo , Obaseki Darlington Ewaen , Nneka Okwara Obiageli Henrietta , Omo-Ikirodah Orezimena Temitope , Adio Funmilayo , Ehinze Ewere Scholastica 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In the absence of effective vaccines and definitive treatment, non-pharmaceutical interventions, also known as community mitigation strategies (CMS), are needed to reduce the transmission of respiratory virus infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effectiveness of these strategies depends on a knowledgeable population cooperating and adhering strictly to recommended strategies.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge and adherence to CMS against COVID-19 in Benin City, the capital of Edo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst adult residents in Benin City using a self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Eighteen questions addressed knowledge of CMS, while adherence was assessed using 14 questions on a graded scale. Each correct answer was scored giving maximum and minimum scores of 18 and 0 for knowledge and 28 and 0 for adherence, respectively. Scores were converted to percentages with scores 70% and above adjudged as good knowledge of CMS and scores 50% and above adjudged as good adherence to CMS. Data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 25.0 software. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age (standard deviation) of 577 respondents who participated in the study was 32.5 ± 11.7 years. Overall, 532 (92.2%) respondents had good knowledge, while only 165 (28.6%) demonstrated good compliance with CMS against COVID-19. Christianity was a statistically significant predictor of knowledge of CMS. Income was found to be a significant predictor of adherence to CMS amongst respondents.

Conclusion:
Respondents demonstrated good knowledge but poor adherence with CMS against COVID-19 in Benin City, Edo State. Behaviour change communication is advocated to ensure that mitigation strategies are effective.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitude about novel corona virus disease among undergraduate, interns, and postgraduate dental students – A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Boopathi Durgadevi , Prethipa P. Roland , Surenthar Mouttoukichenin , Ramanathan Vineeth , Vasudevan Srinivasan Subramanian , Kumaran Jimsha Vannathan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The extensive blowout of COVID-19 globally increases the probability that dental health care professionals will treat this subset of the patient population. If this virus follows the same pattern of other coronavirus infections it is anticipated to indisputably persists as a less virulent infection in our population with milder symptom. Hence, dental students are urged to have thorough knowledge, and keep themselves updated with the practice guidelines regarding this disease.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and their influence on the attitude concerning the emergent pandemic COVID-19 among postgraduates (PGs), interns, and undergraduate (UG) dental students.

Materials and Methods:
A 21 closed-ended questionnaire was framed with three sections which included knowledge, awareness, and attitude which was face and content validated and circulated in Google form among study participants via various social media forums. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0.

Results:
A total of 316 responses were obtained in which 11 unfilled or partially filled responses were excluded and 305 responses were included for analysis. PGs had more knowledge, awareness, and attitude than interns, followed by UGs.

Conclusion:
This survey not only recorded the knowledge, awareness, and attitude among the future dental professionals but also acts an indicator of the need for amendments to combat the lacunae especially in the learning dentist population to intensify upcoming dental practice in the post pandemic era.
The use of anonymous pop-quizzes as an innovative teaching–learning tool to reinforce learning among undergraduate dental students
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Rathi Shraddha , Gupta Narinder Dev , Aggarwal Anshul , Garg Amit Kumar , Gupta Juhi 
Published: July 2021

Context:
To improve the success of higher education, various innovative teaching–learning tools are being incorporated by the instructors while planning their classes. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of anonymous pop-quizzes (APQs) on undergraduate dental students' performance.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out on 20 third-year and 24 final-year dental students. Two different technologies were used to find out the impact of each teaching–learning tool on learning on the same topic “Use of Fluorides in Dentistry” among third-year and final-year BDS students. The first tool was conventional lectures and the second tool used was APQ. One week later, the responses of both the final-year and third-year students were obtained on a ten-question quiz to evaluate the difference in understanding and retention of knowledge of the topic. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Descriptive statistics were carried out and an unpaired t-test was applied.

Results:
Average test scores of final-year and third-year students were 41.00 ± 3.81and 34.00 ± 3.83, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.00). Final-year students' feedbacks indicated that the use of APQs improved the knowledge and understanding of the topics and clarified the doubts.

Conclusions:
The use of APQs led to reinforced learning among BDS final-year students.
A review of the anti-viral effects of ivermectin
Authors: Adegboro B. , Lawani O.A. , Oriaifo S.E. , Abayomi S.A. 
Published: July 2021

Ivermectin is an avermectin which is a group of pentacyclic sixteen-membered lactone (macrocyclic lactone disaccharide) derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. It is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum anti-helminthic, anti-viral and anti-cancer agent. It has a wide safety margin with low adverse effects when it is used orally. It has, however, so far only been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a broad spectrum anti-parasitic agent. Because ivermectin also has broad activities as an anti-viral agent, we herein review its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities, as well as the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on the drug. It is hoped that this work will pave way for ivermectin being seriously considered as an addition to the drugs available for the management of patients with COVID-19.
Keywords: ivermectin; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; broad-spectrum anti-viral; COVID-19
DYNAMICS OF NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER-SOIL-SAFFRON
Authors: Sattarov Jurakul , Mahammadiyev Samad , Toxirov Alpomish 
Published: July 2021

Тупроқдаги озиқ элементлар динамикасини билиш, ўсимлик озиқланишини бошқариш имконини беради. Ўсимлик озиқ элементларни ўзлаштириш жадаллигига ва қўлланилган ўғит меъёрларига боғлиқ ҳолда тупроқда озиқ элементлар ўзгариб боради, маълум бир фондагина ижобий муҳит юзага келади.
HOW MANY GRAINS ARE WE LOST IN THE SEASON
Authors: Ibragimov Odiljon , Saydaliyeva Nodira 
Published: July 2021

Мамлакатимиздагина эмас балки ер шарида асосий озиқ-овқат экини хисобланган буғдой донини етиштириш маданияти такомиллашиб бормоқда. Мустақиллик йилларида Республикамиз ҳудудларининг иқлим шароитига мослашган буғдой навлари яратилди, етишитириш агротехнологиялари такомиллаштирилди.
Шунга қарамасдан табиатдаги салбий холатлар жазирама иссиқ, қурғоқчилик аксинча сув босиши, шамол (қатиқ сел, ёмғир дўл) кутилмаган (минус, плюс) хароратларнинг таъсиридан истисно тариқасида экилган буғдой бошоқларидан табиий холда анғизга тўкилиб исроф бўлаётган буғдой донинг сони ва салмоғини аниқлаш мақоланинг асосий мақсади қилиб олинган.
Analisis parameter fisika kimia kualitas perairan di Sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara
Authors: Irfannur Irfannur , Khairan Khairan 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai dengan tingkatan pencemaran limbah di sungai Kreung Manee Aceh Utara. Stasiun penelitian berjumlah 3 stasiun. Parameter yang di uji adalah pengukuran suhu, kekeruhan dan kecerahan menggunakan metode in situ, untuk mengukur kadar pH, oksigen terlarut, COD dan amoniak mengacu pada baku mutu air dari SNI.06-6989.14 (2009) serta indek pencemaran. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara memiliki nilai rata-rata pengukuran suhu antara 29oC – 30oC, oksigen terlarut antara 5,7mg/l - 6,5 mg/l, kecerahan antara 63 cm - 80 cm, nitrat antara 0,024 mg/l – 0.027 mg/l, phospat antara 0,06mg/l – 0,11mg/l, pH antara 8,23 – 8,68, Chemycal Oxygen Demand (COD) antara 48,528 mg/l - 87,437 mg/l, dapat disimpulkan bahwa parameter kualitas perairan di perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara masih termasuk pada kategori pencemaran sedang. Kondisi kualitas perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara masih bisa untuk kehidupan makhluk hidup.
Editorial
Authors: Krauth Nigel , Gandolfo Enza , Brien Donna Lee 
Published: July 2021

The relationship between academic publication and fair recompense has suffered significantly since TEXT was first published in 1997. Back then, copyright was a revered institution. Significant new work, whether by creative writer or academic, was valued in the marketplace. Writers expected to receive appropriate recompense for their writing, particularly when published on paper. Royalties from writing an academic book were not considered all that differently from those related to authoring other sorts of books. In terms of the contract one signed with the publisher, a fair recompense for writing per se – based on sales – was negotiated. The writer, academic or not, was considered to be a writer. But things changed…
PETROGENESIS, MAJOR OXIDES AND TRACE ELEMENTS GEOCHEMISTRY OF MIGMATITE IN AJUBA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Adedoyin A. D. , Atat A. G. , Atat J. G. 
Published: July 2021

Petrogenesis, major oxides and trace elements geochemical study was carried out on migmatite in Ajuba. The study area is located on Latitudes 8° 05'N and 8°13'N and Longitudes 5°23'E and 5°30'E. Five rock samples were taken from the migmatite outcrops and used for petrographic and geochemical analyses. The geochemical analysis was done using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer technique. The dominant rock type is migmatite; gneiss and granite outcrops were also found in sparse distribution. Ptygmatic folds, which constitute the palaeosome, is the common structure observed on the migmatite rock. The petrographic analysis shows that the migmatite consists of quartz, biotite, plagioclase, hornblende and microcline. The major oxides analysis indicates SiO2 as the dominant oxide with concentration range values (70.71 wt. % - 79.32 wt. %) and average of 74.80 wt. %. Al2O3 (14.98 wt. % - 16.44 wt. %, average: 15.70 wt. %) and Fe2O3 (9.10 wt. % - 15.41 wt. %, average: 12.39 wt. %), K2O (6.67 wt. % - 8.86 wt. %, average: 7.50 wt. %) and CaO (0.49 Wt. % - 4.64 wt. %. average: 2.73 wt. %). P2O5, MnO and TiO2 are less than 1.0 wt. %. The trace elements analysis indicates the concentration distributions: Rb (0.11-0.15 ppm, average 0.13 ppm), Co (0.04-0.17 ppm, average 0.10 ppm). Trace elements ˂ 0.10 ppm are Zn, W, Ni, Cu, V and Pb. From the petrographic and geochemical assessment, the petrogenesis of the migmatite has silica-rich igneous parentage. Moreover, the plots of SiO2-CaO and K2O-SiO2 placed the migmatite on the “upper boundary field of Francisian Greywacke” protolith and Shoshonite series, respectively.
دلالة ألفاظ المسابقة و المسارعة و المنافسة في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Anggi Anggi Dermawan 
Published: July 2021

القرآن الكريم مصدر الشرائع الأساسية في الإسلام. و هو منهج الحياة الذي يستخدمه الإنسان. كما هو المعروف أن لغة القرآن الكريم عربية. اللغة العربية غنية بالمفردات و لها اختلاف وتنوع معانيها و من المفردات مالها علاقة بغيرها مثل الترادف والمشترك و التضاد وماليست لها علاقة. و ظهرت هذه المفردات في القرآن الكريم حيث دل على أنه معجزة من الله تعالى. و يستعمل القرآن على ألفاظ المسابقة والمسارعة والمنافسة لها الترادف. مثلا يعرف أن ألفاظ المنافسة من آية القرآن منها : (المطففين :٢٦). فهذا البحث من خلال نهج الدلالات باستخدام الطريقة النوعية وتقنيات تحليل المضمون ، كانت الآيات المشتملة على ألفاظ المسابقة والمسارعة والمنافسة لها معانيها المختلفة حسب سياقات استعمالها في الآيات القرآنية و تابع ألفاظ المسابقة والمسارعة والمنافسة على القيم التربوية التي تتأسس على القيمتين هما قيم اجتماعية و قيم دينية في عبادة المسلمين و حياتهم .
الكلمات الرئيسية : الترادف : المسابقة ، المسارعة و المنافسة : التربية الدينية
Efektivitas Pemberian Beberapa Dosis Kompos Kulit Bawang Merah Terhadap Serapan Hara Pada Polikultur Selada Dan Terung
Authors: Banu Luluk Syahr , Sholihah Siti M. 
Published: July 2021

Limbah kulit bawang merah sangat melimpah. Adanya beberapa zat dan senyawa yang terdapat pada kulit bawang merah bisa memberikan kesuburan sehingga dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan buah dan bunga pada tanaman. Terung dan selada juga termasuk dalam tanaman yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi serta berpotensi dibudidayakan secara poliktur. Namun, banyak permasalahan dalam pertumbuhan terutama dalam penyerapan hara. Tujuan Penelitian iniadalah mengetahui pengaruh dosis kompos kompos kulit bawang merah yang efektif bagi pertumbuhan dan serapan hara oleh tanaman terung dan selada secara polikultur. Rancangan yang digunakan pada percobaan ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima taraf perlakuan yang terdiri dari dosis kompos kulit bawang merah dengan tanah terdiri atas 0 gr/plibag, 400 gr/polibag, 600 gr/polibag, 800 gr/polibag dan 1000 gr/polibag dengan 5 ulangan pada tanaman selada dan terung. Variabel Pengamatan adalah tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun tanaman serta analisisi kimia kompos kulit bawang merah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan beberapa dosis kompos kulit bawang merah tidak berpengaruh nyata bagi pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman terung, tinggi tanaman selada dan jumlah daun tanaman terung pada seluruh umur tanaman. Beberapa dosis kompos kompos kulit bawang merah berpengaruh nyata bagi pertumbuhan jumlah daun pada umur 21 dan 28 HST secara polikultur.
Pemodelan Proses Bisnis PMB Menggunakan Pendekatan Berorientasi Objek berbasis Prototyping dengan Metodologi RAD
Authors: Yasmiati Yasmiati , Suwarni Suwarni , Desmiwati Desmiwati , Susilo Andi 
Published: July 2021

Kegiatan Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru (PMB) merupakan tahapan awal seorang calon mahasiswa masuk ke perguruan tinggi. Aplikasi Sistem penerimaan mahasiswa baru menjadi bagian yang penting dalam mendukung layanan yang maksimal kepada calon mahasiswa. Studi ini menganalisis proses bisnis dengan pemodelan fungsional. Metodologi Rapid Application Development (RAD) berbasis Prototyping kami gunakan dalam pengembangan sistem dengan pendekatan berorientasi objek. Disain riset secara spesifik menguraikan empat tahap yaitu identifikasi, pemodelan, dokumentasi, dan terakhir verifikasi dan validasi proses bisnis dan model fungsionalnya. Riset ini menunjukkan bahwa proses bisnis dan model fungsional dapat secara optimal selaras dengan kebutuhan fungsional sistem. Kata kunci: PMB, proses bisnis, pemodelan fungsional, RAD, dan Prototyping
ANALISIS DATA MINING MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK SINGLE LINKAGE UNTUK KLASTERISASI KEY PERFORMANCE INDEKS PEGAWAI DENGAN PENDEKATAN EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE (STUDI KASUS DI STMIK TRIGUNA DHARMA MEDAN)
Authors: T Tugiono 
Published: July 2021

Key Performance Indeks (KPI) merupakan salah satu sarana yang digunakan oleh pimpinan STMIK Triguna Dharma untuk memonitoring dan memicu pegawai-pegawainya agar terus meningkatkan kinerjanya. Hasil penilaian dari KPI pegawai berupa pemberian insentif kepada pegawai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Data Mining Teknik Single Linkage untuk menganalisa data kinerja pegawai yang sudah pernah mendapatkan KPI sebelumnya, sehingga ditemukan knowledge baru yang dapat digali dari analisa tersebut. Hasil pengujian Teknik Single Linkage adalah mendapatkan data indikator atau variabel yang paling dominan sebagai penentu dalam kelayakan penerima KPI. yaitu variabel aspek disiplin yang terdiri atas kehadiran, kedatangan tepat waktu dan kehadiran briefing. Aspek disiplin tersebut memiliki peranan sebanyak 90% dari total penilaian untuk kelayakan penerima KPI.