bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of surface characteristic and bacterial adhesion of low‐shrinkage resin composites
Authors: Bilgili Can Dilber , Dündar Ayşe , Barutçugil Çağatay , Koyuncu Özyurt Özlem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the surface characteristics of low shrinkage composites and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis to these materials. Control material (glass) and three low shrinkage composites (Charisma Diamond, Kalore GC, Beatiful II LS) were used. After polishing procedure was applied to composite specimens, surface roughness (SR), surface free energy (SFE), and contact angle measurements were performed. Surfaces of composite were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. After pellicle formation with artificial saliva, S. mutans and S. mitis biofilms were incubated in 5% CO2 for 24 h at 37°C and were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The lowest SR and highest SFE values were found in the control group. While the contact angle of control was statistically lower than composites, statistically difference was not found between composite groups. S. mutans adhesion of composites was significantly lower than control group, but there was no significant difference between composites. S. mitis adhesion of all groups was statistically similar. SR did not affect the S. mutans and S. mitis adhesion. Less adherence of S. mutans to low shrinkage composites was associated with low SFE and high contact angle values. Even though the highest SR was observed in the Charisma Diamond, no difference was found between the composites in terms of bacterial adhesion.
The paedomorphic lateral line system in Pseudamiops and Gymnapogon (Percomorpha, Apogonidae), with morphological and molecular‐based phylogenetic considerations
Authors: Sato Mao , Nakae Masanori , Sasaki Kunio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe lateral line system and its innervation were examined in two paedomorphic species of Apogonidae, Gymnapogon japonicus and Pseudamiops cf. springeri, both of which have been included in Gymnapogonini (Apogoninae) characterized by a small translucent body lacking canalized lateral line scales, but with many superficial neuromasts (total SNs: 2,691 and 2,197 in G. japonicus and Pseudamiops cf. springeri, respectively). Although scales are entirely absent in G. japonicus, the innervation pattern of the trunk lateral line system is basically similar to that in other apogonids having a single lateral line scale series. In comparison, Pseudamiops cf. springeri (and P. gracilicauda) have three series of inconspicuous lateral line scales with a distinct innervation pattern, implying a phylogenetic affinity with Pseudamia (Pseudamiinae). The monophyly of Pseudamiops and Pseudamia was also supported strongly by a molecular phylogenetic analysis, thus the paedomorphic nature is considered homoplasy between Pseudamiops and Gymnapogon. The innervation of head lateral line system in G. japonicus and Pseudamiops cf. springeri is basically the same with that of other apogonids, supporting homology of the presence of many head SNs among the species. The SN pattern and head canals of adult Pseudamiops cf. springeri are similar to those in juvenile Pseudamia gelatinosa, implying a paedomorphic truncation of lateral line system development in Pseudamiops cf. springeri.
Plaque Morphologic Quantification Reliability of 3D Whole‐Brain Vessel Wall Imaging in Patients With Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: A Comparison With Conventional 3D Targeted Vessel Wall Imaging
Authors: Zhang Na , Liu Xinfeng , Xiao Jiayu , Song Shlee S. , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) whole‐brain vessel wall imaging (VWI) has demonstrated exquisite image quality for delineating intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and reliability for quantifying normal vessel dimensions. However, its reliability in quantifying plaque morphology remains unknown.PurposeTo evaluate the plaque morphologic quantification reliability of 3D whole‐brain VWI in patients via comparison with 3D targeted VWI and 2D turbo spin‐echo (TSE).Study TypeProspective.PopulationThirty‐three patients with symptomatic ICAD.Field Strength/SequenceA 3D and 2D TSE acquired at 3.0 T.AssessmentEach participant underwent two VWI sessions with an interval of 7–10 days. Three readers identified in consensus all the plaques on both whole‐brain and targeted 3D VWI. Their lumen and vessel wall area and volume, plaque burden, percent stenosis, and vessel wall remodeling were measured for by two independent readers. At each culprit plaque determined by a radiologist, the lumen and vessel wall area, plaque burden, plaque‐to‐wall contrast ratio (CR), and plaque enhancement ratio (ER) were measured for 2D and 3D VWI methods.Statistical TestsIntra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate for 3D VWI's interobserver/intraobserver agreement, interscan repeatability, and agreement with 2D TSE in each plaque morphologic measurements. Paired t test was performed for detecting the differences in plaque‐to‐wall CR and plaque ER between the two 3D methods.ResultsEighty‐four plaques were detected by both 3D VWI methods. Whole‐brain VWI provided excellent interobserver/intraobserver agreement (ICCs: 0.79–0.99/0.95–0.99), interscan repeatability (ICCs: 0.85–0.99), agreement with 2D TSE (ICC: 0.80–0.94) in all morphologic measurements. ICCs of whole‐brain VWI (0.79–0.99) were higher or equal to those of targeted VWI (0.76–0.99). The plaque‐to‐wall CR and plaque ER were significantly higher on whole‐brain VWI than on targeted VWI.Data ConclusionThe 3D whole‐brain VWI provides excellent interobserver/intraobserver agreement, interscan repeatability, and agreement with 2D TSE in plaque morphologic quantification of ICAD and outperforms 3D targeted VWI.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Effect of different cryopreservation media on human nucleus pulposus cells' viability and trilineage potential
Authors: Croft Andreas S. , Guerrero Julien , Oswald Katharina A. C. , Häckel Sonja , Albers Christoph E. , Gantenbein Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a significant cause of disability in many countries, affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. In the past, progenitor cells have been found within the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the human intervertebral disc (IVD). However, in the context of cell therapy, little is known about the effect of cryopreservation and expansion on here called “heterogenic” human NP cells (hNPCs), and whether commercially available cryopreservation media are more efficient than “commonly used” media in terms of cell viability.Materials: In this study, hNPCs from four trauma patients (age 40.5 ± 14.3 years) and two patients with degenerated IVDs (age 24 and 46 years), undergoing spinal surgery, were collected. To isolate hNPCs, the tissue was digested with a mild two‐step protocol. After subsequent expansion, hNPCs at passages 2‐5 were separated and either cryo‐preserved for 1 week at −150°C or differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages for 21 days. Cryopreservation was performed with five different media to compare their effect on the cell's viability and differentiation potential. Cell viability was determined with flow cytometry using propidium iodide and the trilineage differentiation potential was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis.Results: After 1 week of cryopreservation, the hNPC's cell viability was comparable for all conditions, that is, independent of the cryopreservation medium used (82.3 ± 0.8% of cell viability). Furthermore, hNPCs from trauma patients showed some evidence for adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and at lower levels, this and evidence of osteogenic differentiation could be confirmed with hNPCs from degenerated discs. Moreover, cryopreservation did not affect the cell's differentiation potential in the majority of the cases tested.Conclusion: “Commonly used” cryopreservation media seem to perform just as well as commercially available media in terms of cell viability and the overall maintenance of the hNPCs trilineage differentiation potential.
Bacterial communities as indicators of soil health under a continuous cropping system
Authors: Shi Guiying , Sun Hongqiang , Calderón‐Urrea Alejandro , Li Mouqiang , Yang Hongyu , Wang Wenzhu , Su Guoli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith growing global interest in the improvement of soil quality and the adoption of sustainable land management systems, there is an urgent need to find early indicators to monitor and manage sustainable soil health. Meta‐analyses provide useful information on microbial communities and community‐level molecular characteristics, which can be exploited as ‘biomarker’ indicators of ecosystem processes for soil health evaluation. Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is the only type of sweet edible lily in China, as well as an endemic species with a narrow distribution. Due to its uses as food and in gardening, this lily has an economic value in the Country, particularly in Gansu Province located in the Loess Plateau. This lily is usually cultivated in long‐term continuous monoculture (replanting), resulting in the so‐called consecutive replanting problem (CRP), which is associated with severe soil degradation and significant yield and quality losses. This study was conducted to investigate the bacterial community structure and specific bacterial members related to the lily's CRPs and soil health degradation indicators via next‐generation sequence (NGS) analysis. The bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil was analyzed by high‐throughput DNA sequencing (Miseq) of samples collected in fields at 0, 3, 6, and 9 replanting years (L0, L3, L6, and L9, respectively). Results showed that long‐term replanting significantly increased soil bacterial abundance and insignificantly changed soil bacterial diversity. However, replanting altered the soil microbial communities where 3–6 years of replanting was a transmission period for change, resulting in a new community structure after 9 years of replanting. Some specific bacterial members were found to be correlated with lily's plant growth, both positively and negatively. Long‐term replanting accumulation of the harbored highly abundant pathogenic bacterial genus Streptomyces and the species Bacillus simplex and depletion of the plant‐beneficial bacteria genera Sphingomonas and Hyphomicrobium are the causes of the lily's CRP under a 0–9 year replanting system. In addition, changes in the soil physiochemical properties contributed to the new structure of bacterial communities, and the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Sphingomonas could be regarded as potential indicators of sustainable soil management.
Existence of positive solutions for a critical fractional Kirchhoff equation with potential vanishing at infinity
Authors: Gu Guangze , Tang Xianhua , Yang Xianyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following fractional Kirchhoff equation with critical nonlinearity
where , is the fractional Laplace operator with , V vanishes at infinity and . Under appropriate assumptions on f, we prove the existence of positive solution by using the variational method.
Positioning and Aligning Electrospun PAN Fibers by Conductive and Dielectric Substrate Patterns
Authors: Hellert Christian , Storck Jan Lukas , Grothe Timo , Kaltschmidt Bernhard , Hütten Andreas , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring electrospinning, the flying nanofibers can be attracted by conductive areas such as copper tape on a nonconductive substrate, especially in case of magnetic nanofibers. The question arises, however, whether the conductivity or any other physical properties of these areas are responsible for this effect. Here, electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on nonconductive polypropylene (PP) substrates is reported, modified with conductive copper tape as well as with diverse coatings with varying dielectric constants. The results show that in case of non‐magnetic PAN fibers, especially BaTiO3 with its high dielectric constant strongly, attracts the fibers formed during electrospinning, which can be explained by local modification of the electric field due to the introduced dielectric. This process can be used to tailor the nanofiber mat thickness depending on the position.
Stability Effect of Metallic Traces in the Degradation of Materials
Authors: Zaharescu Traian , Borbath Tunde , Blanco Ignazio , Borbath Istvan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe electrical devices, where alkyd resin is used as insulation material must have an improved thermal stability. The added filler, inorganic oxide compounds, have various contributions on the resin durability because of their differences in the electronic distribution. The PbTiO3 doped with Mn, Ce, In, Gd, Nb, Pr, and Nd atoms possessing certain features of stabilization played the role of protector during material oxidation. The investigations by isothermal and nonisothermal chemiluminescence revealed the effect of filler in the alkyd resin matrices subjected to the accelerated degradation by γ‐irradiation. The influence of doping atoms is discussed and the stabilization consequences are evaluated.
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): New Standards for Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Tosto Claudio , Saitta Lorena , Pergolizzi Eugenio , Patti Antonella , Celano Giovanni , Cicala Gianluca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent materials from polycarbonate to polyetherimide are analyzed to account for the effects of different printing settings on the mechanical properties of parts printed by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The materials chosen are engineering polymers specifically developed for functional applications. However, the two polymers differ in terms of melt temperature and viscosity thus resulting in different printing quality. The aim of the work is to elucidate the different mechanical performance by selecting the printing and testing settings to obtain statistically significant results. As the result of this study, some useful guidelines are drawn to develop standard procedures for the mechanical characterization of FDM printed parts.
Addition of hyaluronic acid to the FIB‐4 liver fibrosis score improves prediction of incident cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes: The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Grecian Sheila M. , McLachlan Stela , Fallowfield Jonathan A. , Hayes Peter C. , Guha Indra Neil , Morling Joanne R. , Glancy Stephen , Williamson Rachel M. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Frier Brian M. , Zammitt Nicola N. , Price Jackie F. , Strachan Mark W. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in people with chronic liver diseases, particularly non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the absolute risk of progression is low. So, it is crucial to accurately identify patients who would benefit most from hepatology referral and intensified management. Current risk‐stratification tools are suboptimal and perform worse in people with diabetes.AimsTo determine whether the addition of complementary biomarker(s) to current NAFLD risk‐stratification tools in people with T2D could improve the identification of people who are at increased risk of developing incident cirrhosis or HCC.MethodsThe Edinburgh Type 2 diabetes Study (ET2DS) is a cohort study of men and women with T2D (n = 1066, age 60–75 at baseline). Cases of cirrhosis and HCC were identified over 11 years of follow‐up. Biomarkers were measured at baseline and year 1 and association with incident disease was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsOf existing risk‐stratification scores tested, the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index and the AST:platelet ratio index (APRI) performed best in this cohort. Addition of hyaluronic acid (cut‐point ≥ 50 g/L) to FIB‐4 (cut‐point ≥ 1.3) maintained a false negative rate of ≤25% and reduced the number of people incorrectly identified as “high risk” for incident disease by ∼50%.ConclusionsThe addition of hyaluronic acid to FIB‐4 reduced the proportion of people inappropriately identified as “high risk” for development of cirrhosis/HCC in a community population of otherwise asymptomatic people with T2D. These findings require a validation in independent cohorts.
A literature review of post‐treatment survivorship interventions for colorectal cancer survivors and/or their caregivers
Authors: Luo Xingjuan , Li Jieyu , Chen Meizhen , Gong Jiali , Xu Yongyong , Li Qiuping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) survivors have reported a number of concerns and unmet needs after treatment completion. This paper aims to explore existing survivorship interventions after CRC treatment according to the American Cancer Society CRC Survivorship Care Guidelines, to identify study gaps, and provide valuable evidence directing future research.MethodsFive electronic databases, including CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases from 2005 to October 2020, were systematically searched to identify English or Chinese literature on CRC post‐treatment survivorship interventions. Manual searching through the articles' references lists was also conducted.ResultsThirty studies met the criteria, and focused on addressing issues in four CRC Survivorship Care Guidelines domains. Several issues for CRC surveillance programmes remain to be explored. Regarding the long‐term physical and psychosocial effects of CRC treatment, we found mounting evidence for various interventions to solve ostomy issues and improve distress/depression/anxiety, strong evidence for exercise to improve fatigue, and limited evidence in addressing CRC patient sexual concerns. For health promotion, high‐quality evidence was found for exercises to improve cardiopulmonary fitness, metabolism, tumour‐related biomarkers, and short‐term improvement in physical fitness and QOL. Emerging evidence was found for a survivorship care plan to improve patient perceptions of care coordination.ConclusionsFurther refinements based on the existing evidence, and the development of comprehensive CRC survivorship care comprising multiple essential survivorship components, are required. Furthermore, considering both survivor and caregiver cancer survivorship needs, future research may optimise the care delivered, and help survivors and their families live better with cancer.
Positive and negative streamer propagation in volume dielectric barrier discharges with planar and porous electrodes
Authors: Zhang Quan‐Zhi , Zhang Li , Yang De‐Zheng , Schulze Julian , Wang You‐Nian , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe spatiotemporal dynamics of volume and surface positive and negative streamers in a pin‐to‐plate volume dielectric barrier discharge is investigated in this study. The discharge characteristics are found to be completely different for positive and negative streamers. First, the spatial propagation of a positive streamer is found to rely on electron avalanches caused by photoelectrons in front of the streamer head, whereas this is not the case for negative streamers. Second, our simulations reveal an interesting phenomenon of floating positive surface discharges, which develop when a positive streamer reaches a dielectric wall and which explain the experimentally observed branching characteristics. Third, we report for the first time, the interactions between a positive streamer and dielectric pores, in which both the pore diameter and depth affect the evolution of a positive streamer.
Nonstructural protein 7 and 8 complexes of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhang Changhui , Li Li , He Jun , Chen Cheng , Su Dan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) across the world has led to millions of infection cases and caused a global public health crisis. Current research suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 is a highly contagious coronavirus that spreads rapidly through communities. To understand the mechanisms of viral replication, it is imperative to investigate coronavirus viral replicase, a huge protein complex comprising up to 16 viral nonstructural and associated host proteins, which is the most promising antiviral target for inhibiting viral genome replication and transcription. Recently, several components of the viral replicase complex in SARS‐CoV‐2 have been solved to provide a basis for the design of new antiviral therapeutics. Here, we report the crystal structure of the SARS‐CoV‐2 nsp7+8 tetramer, which comprises two copies of each protein representing nsp7's full‐length and the C‐terminus of nsp8 owing to N‐terminus proteolysis during the process of crystallization. We also identified a long helical extension and highly flexible N‐terminal domain of nsp8, which is preferred for interacting with single‐stranded nucleic acids.
Anti‐disturbance adaptive sampled‐data observers for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown hysteresis
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Shen Yanjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and disturbance estimator (DE), an adaptive sampled‐data observer design scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis and unknown multiple disturbances. To begin with, we investigate a class of sampled‐data nonlinear systems and present corresponding sufficient conditions ensuring ultimate uniform boundedness (UUB). Subsequently, a sampled‐data observer and a DE are designed to estimate the unknown states and compounded disturbances, respectively. Additionally, the unknown hysteresis and the unknown unmatched disturbances are approximated by RBFNNs. Meanwhile, we also give the learning laws of the weights of RBFNNs. The estimation errors of the states and the weights are verified to be UUB in the light of the obtained sufficient conditions and a special constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is verified by numerical simulations.
Sphagnum Inspired g‐C3N4 Nano/Microspheres with Smaller Bandgap in Heterojunction Membranes for Sunlight‐Driven Water Purification
Authors: Ji Lingtong , Yan Luke , Chao Min , Li Mengru , Gu Jincui , Lei Miao , Zhang Yanmei , Wang Xun , Xia Junyuan , Chen Tianyu , Nie Yujing , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMembrane separation is recognized as one of the most effective strategies to treat the complicated wastewater system for economic development. However, serious membrane fouling has restricted its further application. Inspired by sphagnum, a 0D/2D heterojunction composite membrane is engineered by depositing graphitic carbon nitride nano/microspheres (CNMS) with plentiful wrinkles onto the polyacrylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐PAA) membrane through hydrogen bond force. Through coupling unique structure and chemistry properties, the CNTs‐PAA/CNMS heterojunction membrane presents superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. Furthermore, thanks to the J‐type aggregates during the solvothermal process, it is provided with a smaller bandgap (1.77 eV) than the traditional graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) sheets‐based membranes (2.4–2.8 eV). This feature endows the CNTs‐PAA/CNMS membrane with superior visible‐light‐driven self‐cleaning ability, which can maintain its excellent emulsion separation (with a maximum flux of 5557 ± 331 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and an efficiency of 98.5 ± 0.6%), photocatalytic degradation (with an efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.2%), and antibacterial (with an efficiency of ≈100%) ability even after cyclic experimental processes. The excellent self‐cleaning performance of this all‐in‐one membrane represents its potential value for water purification.