bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Objective Method for Assessment of Facial Expression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Population
Authors: Prokopenko S.V. , Khomchenkova A.A. , Gurevich V.A. , Butenko N.A. , Kontorin V.A. , Spirin A.V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypomimia is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease. At the present time, issues related to existence of interrelations between hypomimia and manifestations of common hypokinesia remain under-investigated in aspects of both clinical manifestations and rehabilitation efficacy. An objective method for facial muscle movement diagnostics is necessary to achieve this goal. The article presents novel experience in application of a proprietary method using objective facial expression assessment video analysis on the example of a healthy female subject and a female patient with Parkinson’s disease. The Parkinson’s female patient had objective symptoms of hypomimia: a decrease in velocity and amplitude of eyebrow and mouth movement, slow winking. Therefore, application of this method creates prerequisites for more in-depth study of theoretical and clinical aspects in facial expression of Parkinson’s disease patients.
What about Time-Geography in the post-Covid-19 era?
Authors: Klapka Pavel , Ellegård Kajsa , Frantál Bohumil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this year, 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has imposed new challenges for most human activities. Time-geography is a theoretical approach with great potential for analysing the consequences of the new disease and other disturbances, and this article aims at identifying possible developments of interest for the approach in the post-Covid era. The article addresses challenges that emerge for time-geographic research from the perspective of massive changes in human behaviour, regarding time-space activity patterns, caused by the globally diffusing disease. The implications of the pandemic are discussed with respect to four areas: (i) time-geographic techniques; (ii) activities and rhythms; (iii) activity spaces; and (iv) social issues and perceptions. The time-geographic concepts to be scrutinised are constraints, virtual time space and bundles, and stations and paths. In addition, the article introduces this Special Issue of the Moravian Geographical Reports on ‘Current issues, methods and applications in time-geography’, contributions which for evident reasons were written before the onset of the pandemic.
Mobile phone data in studying urban rhythms: Towards an analytical framework
Authors: Šveda Martin , Madajová Michala Sládeková , Barlík Peter , Križan František , Šuška Pavel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mobile phone data are considered one of the most promising information sources for monitoring and measuring the spatio-temporal activities of the population. Today, large-volume mobile phone datasets are widely applied to monitor the daily life of the urban population and to examine the structuring of the urban environment. In this paper, we discuss and develop a methodological procedure that uses such data to observe temporal differences of human presence in Bratislava, Slovakia. The study is based on a large-scale dataset of hourly records of signalling exchanges (VLR data) from all major mobile network operators in Slovakia. The records of the mobile network infrastructure are used as a suitable proxy variable for complex human activity at the city level, in the sense that they capture various kinds of spatial practices, and not only some specific activities (work cycle of a given locale, shopping, and similar events). Such an approach allows the classification of urban space using diurnal logs activity curves of mobile network cells. Six temporality types in Bratislava were identified, which may be designated as examples of an urban chronopolis. The results show the potential of the proposed method for measuring place temporality in cities and monitoring the urban environment with geo-referenced mobile phone data.
Travel diaries, GPS loggers and Smartphone applications in mapping the daily mobility patterns of students in an urban environment
Authors: Kraft Stanislav , Květoň Tomáš , Blažek Vojtěch , Pojsl Lukáš , Rypl Jiří 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mapping the daily spatial mobility of university students in an urban environment is the focus of this paper. It uses the city of České Budějovice in the Czech Republic as a case study, employing three different research tools – travel diaries, GPS loggers and Smartphone applications. We focus our attention on the analysis of spatial patterns of mobility using basic mobility indicators (distance, number of daily trips, time spent mobility), travel behaviours (use of transport modes) and the detection of time-space bundles (spaces of concentration of particular time-space trajectories) within the city. We identified four main time-space bundles. Then we compare the three main research methods according to their tracking accuracy and informative value. The Smartphone applications (using the A-GPS technology) provided the best results for the spatial mobility of respondents, although the travel diaries method is still unique due to the extent of some socio-demographic and transport characteristics.
To fear or not to fear? Exploring the temporality of topophobia in urban environments
Authors: Šimáček Petr , Šerý Miloslav , Fiedor David , Brisudová Lucia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The concept of topophobia has been known in Geography for decades. Places which evoke fear in people’s minds can be found in almost every city. The perception of fear within an urban environment shows a certain spatio-temporal concentration and is often represented by fear of crime. The meaning of topophobic places, however, derived from the experience of fear of crime changes over time, and thus can alter the usual patterns of population behaviours in relation to time (in the time of the day and over longer periods) and space. A spatiotemporal understanding of these changes is therefore crucial for local decision-makers. Using data from the Czech Republic, this paper deals with the analysis of topophobic places, and is based on an empirical survey of the inhabitants of four cities, using the concept of mental mapping. In contrast to most similar geographical studies, the paper emphasises the temporal dimension of the fear of crime. The results have shown that over time there are significant differences in the meanings of topophobic places, and they have demonstrated the necessity of taking local specifics into account. The paper shows how the intensity of and the reasons for fears vary, depending on time and place. In general, the results provide support for the idea of place as a process and contain useful information for spatial planning and policy in urban areas.
When home becomes a cage: Daily activities, space-time constraints, isolation and the loneliness of older adults in urban environments
Authors: Frantál Bohumil , Klapka Pavel , Nováková Eva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The geography of ageing is addressed in this article by providing new empirical evidence about the significant role of daily activities on the perceptions of isolation and loneliness. The developed model of socio-spatial isolation is based on data from time-space diaries and questionnaires completed by older adults living in three cities in the Czech Republic. The study suggests that socio-spatial isolation is a multicomponent (consisting of passivity, isolation and loneliness components), place-dependent and gendered issue. The passivity is significantly associated with the income and leisure sport activities. The isolation can be well predicted by the age, gender and education, and the frequency of work and specific leisure activities, which are constrained by health conditions, financial opportunities and spatial mobility. Particularly trips to nature, sport activities, cultural events, get together with friends, and visits to restaurants have a positive effect on reducing isolation. Women, particularly those who raised more children, more likely feel lonely in old age when family contacts are reduced. Visits to restaurants, shopping malls and cultural events have a positive effect on reducing loneliness. A constrained mobility and higher time consumption for necessary activities also proved to be an age-related and gendered problem. In this respect, policy interventions should seek to improve flexible work opportunities, the digital skills of older people, and the accessibility and safety of public transport with regard to perceived constraints, which is gaining in importance in the Covid-19 era.
The diffusion and development of time-geography in East Asia: The academic life paths of two key scholars
Authors: Li Chunjiang , Chai Yanwei , Arai Yoshio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A summary of the diffusion and development of time-geography in East Asia, specifically in Japan and China, is presented in this article. Previous studies have provided reviews of time-geographic research and spacetime behaviour research in both countries. Few studies, however, have told the story about how and why timegeography diffused into East Asia. By showing and analysing the academic life paths of Yoshio Arai and Yanwei Chai, we conclude that the development of time-geography in Japan and China goes hand in hand with their academic progress. Moreover, the interactions within their academic life paths mark some key events that promoted time-geography significantly. The similarities and differences between their academic life paths are also analysed in this article. Both scholars shared some common research topics, such as childcare problems, urban spatial structures and socioeconomic transformations, which were also the most prominent characteristics of time-geography in East Asia. In addition, the socioeconomic backgrounds of their academic life paths are also quite similar, which reflects the close relationship between time-geography and societal needs. Finally, this article discusses the effectiveness and disadvantages of the academic life path method, as the method has proven to be an important tool in analysing the role that key scholars play in promoting a certain discipline. In conclusion, the diffusion and development of time-geography in East Asia can hardly have happened without both individual scholars’ hard work and the exchange and cooperation activities between scholars.
The Volume and Dynamics of Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in the European Union
Authors: Baruk Jerzy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the article, whose construction is of theoretical and empirical nature, the author attempted to achieve the following objectives: 1) identification and critical assessment of expenditures on research and development (GERD index), expressed in euro per inhabitant, incurred by statistical units concentrated in the sectors: business enterprises, government, higher education, private non-profit organizations and jointly in all sectors in countries members of the European Union. The level and dynamics of these expenditures are treated as an indirect measure of senior management’s involvement in creating R&D policy and efficient management in R&D phases; 2) an attempt to verify theses that R&D expenditures are variable and diversified in EU Member States, which indicates the lack of a rational R&D policy focused on the systematic generation of new knowledge materialized in innovations providing customers the expected value in a systemic way; 3) developing models of innovative R&D activities management. To develop the article, research methods are used, such as: critical-cognitive analysis of literature, statistical-comparative analysis of Eurostat’s empirical secondary material, projection method. The level of the GERD meter indicates a significant differentiation of R&D expenditure in individual sections of the analysis. The member states of the old EU had relatively higher outlays for this purpose compared to the new member states.
The Influence of Competence Potential of Changes in Higher Education on the Training of Specialists for Entrepreneurship
Authors: Vnukova Nataliya , Achkasova Svitlana , Us Maryna , Pyvovarov Vasyl 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the substantiation of the need to reform the higher education system of Ukraine in line with European and international standards and requirements, providing a full transition to competentive approach to learning. The essence and advantages of using competency potential for improvement of the higher education system in Ukraine are determined. A comprehensive marketing research are conducted, using the method of content analysis that helped to reveal the modern competencies needed for students and graduates of financial and legal specialties. In addition, a survey was conducted which showed that there were problems with the level and quality of the formation of professional and key competences.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Innovative Food Products Including Functional Products — Implications for Marketing in Terms of Nutrition and Health Claims
Authors: Gutkowska Krystyna , Czarnecki Jacek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to identify the attitudes of consumers towards innovative food products, including functional foods, qualitative research was carried out in 2019 to find out what are the components of these attitudes in relation to innovative food, on the example of functional food, in the conditions of the growing global tendency to care for health and convenience. As a result of the research carried out using the focus group interview (FGI) methodology, it was found that innovative food is associated with a new taste or packaging, increased nutritional value, as well as health related attributes. Often, in studies, consumers also referred to the reduction or complete elimination of allergenic ingredients and other chemical ingredients, e.g. preservatives, flavor enhancers. Consumers accept these innovations in different ways, generally showing skepticism about “improving” food by enriching it with various ingredients, while positively referring to changes related to the reduction in the content of nutrients considered harmful to health, e.g. fat, sugar or salt. It was also noted that innovativeness treated as a personality trait is accompanied by such features as: openness, tolerance, optimism, life satisfaction, while people lacking tendency to accept innovation are usually pessimistic about the world, attached to tradition or thrifty. It was also noted that consumers similarly perceive innovative and functional food, indicating that functional products are food with a specific health purpose, with a modified composition. The interviewees also indicated that it is possible to increase the interest of consumers in purchasing new food products or functional food through, inter alia, well targeted marketing messages, and it is necessary to take into account the legal regulations regarding their wording when formulating them. This applies in particular to the possibility of using nutrition and health claims in the case of products enriched with ingredients with a declared health-related effect.
The Importance of Corporate Governance of Banks Concerning the Ownership in the International Environment
Authors: Festić Mejra , Črepinko Polona , Bratina Borut 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The analysis of the factors of corporate governance is divided into four thematic sections. In the first part corporate governance is defined as part of the broader economic context. The second part deals with the principles of corporate governance. In the third part, the relation between the index of corporate governance and individual indicators (an indicator of commitment, transparency, and disclosure, caring for partners, and control and audit) regarding ownership is defined. An analysis was undertaken for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A higher level of foreign ownership had a positive correlation with the corporate governance index. On the other hand, the correlation between state ownership and corporate governance index was not clear. The prevention of poor banking practices does not only lie in controlling functions, but also in the general corporate and risk-taking cultures, and the social perception of managerial roles, regardless of ownership structure.
Urban Population Growth and Job Opportunities: The Case of Albania
Authors: Ҫurçija Mario , Bejleri Emirjeta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Demographic change is a complex phenomenon, but it has generally been accepted that having better employment opportunities and quality of jobs are among important factors that determine people’s mobility. The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between the increase in the number of people living in urban areas and the job opportunities in these areas in Albania. In order to do so, we performed a statistical analysis of a dataset on labor force surveys for the time period of 2007-2013. Our findings confirmed a positive correlation between the increase of individuals living in a certain area and job opportunities for specialized occupations in that area; however, a significant relationship was not found when job opportunities in general, in general, were considered.
Analysis of the Fluctuation of the Number of ISO 9001:2015 Certificates in the Republic of Croatia and Assessment of Satisfaction of Business Organisations Leadership with the Certificate
Authors: Vušković Petar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The ISO 9001:2015 certificate of quality is nowadays the most renowned quality standard in the world. Standardised quality has become an imperative competitive advantage on the market for all serious business organisations. The fluctuation of the number of certificates of quality indicates to what extent companies are willing to ensure the quality of their products and services to customers and clients, and how fast the domestic market is standardised and integrated into the global economy. This paper presents the results of two empirical studies. The first one focused on the analysis of the fluctuation in the number of ISO 9001:2015 certificates in the period from 2008 to 2018, while the second aimed to determine the satisfaction of leadership with the certificate. The study has shown that, during the observed period, the number of certificates of quality in Croatia fluctuated between – 18% and +22% annually. At the annual level, a certain number of companies lose their certificates or opt for decertification. For that reason, a study of the leadership’s level of satisfaction with the ISO 9001:2015 certificate was conducted using a sample of 296 certified business organisations. The study has proven that the leadership showed a high level of satisfaction with the certificate of quality and that they appreciate business organisations with certificates of quality. It demonstrates that the quality management certification has a bright future regardless of the annual fluctuation of the number of certificates.
The Role of a Water Canal and Secondary Forest for Migrants
Authors: Schupkégel Beáta , Bozó László , Tölgyesi Csaba 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Forests have an important role during migration. They act as ecological corridors and provide resting and feeding places for birds. In our study, we sought to determine whether migratory birds prefer secondary forest or canal vegetation during migration. The study was carried out in Southeast Hungary, in an oleaster forest and in a canal. We used 12 mist nets and the ringing method. The study period lasted from August to October 2016–2018, covering approximately the entire migration period. According to our results, the canal has a significant effect on the species assemblage, as it functions as a migration corridor during migration, most likely not only for diurnal migrants, but for nocturnal migrants as well. Our results showed that the presence of both woody and berry plants had some influence on the species composition. Interestingly, the presence of berries had a positive effect on the presence of insectivorous birds.
The Autumn Migration of the Citrine Wagtail, Motacilla Citreola, in the Lviv Region (W. Ukraine) During its Range Expansion
Authors: Hnatyna Oksana S. , Horban Ihor M. , Senyk Maryana A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Citrine Wagtail has been gradually expanding its breeding range from Asia westward into Europe since the middle of the last century. New breeding records of this species further to the west of Europe have emerged during the last several decades. The distribution of the Citrine Wagtail in Western Ukraine began at the end of the last century. A total of 48 Citrine Wagtails were ringed in August 1995–2016 at the Cholgynskyy ornithological reserve (West-Ukrainian Ornithological Station). The birds were recorded mainly in the first half of August, peaking from the beginning of the second decade to the middle of the month. At the beginning of August there were wagtails in different stages of moult. Adult moulted birds were recorded from the beginning of the second decade of August, while juvenile birds underwent partial moult during the first part of the month. The mean weight of adult moulted birds was higher than that of juveniles. At the beginning of August many Citrine Wagtails were lean, without fat reserves, with the mean fat class increasing by the end of the month. The autumn passage of M. citreola took place in W. Ukraine. Birds stay in the shallow waters, pastures, and reed beds to feed, overnight, moult and gain fat reserves for migration.
Steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: effect of arterial hyalinosis on outcome: single center study
Authors: Soliman Amin R. , Maamoun Hoda , Soliman Haytham , Ahmed Rabab Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background. Few data with adequate evidence exists as regards the effect of Cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on pathological prognostic parameters in patients with steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The purpose of the present study is to compare the effect of cyclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil in addition to steroids on functional and histopathologic renal parameters in patients with steroid resistant FSGS one year after treatment.

Material and methods. Thirty-seven adults with primary FSGS patients resistant to steroid therapy consecutively randomized to treatment with either MMF or cyclosporine. Low dose prednisolone added to both groups. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood pressure (BP) were determined at all examinations and a second renal biopsy was taken 12 months after treatment with either of cyclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil.

Results. GFR significantly increased in MMF group p < 0.01 after 6 months and unchanged after 12 months. On the other hand, GFR significantly decrease in CsA group p < 0.001 after 6 months and reduced more after 12 months p < 0.001 compared to base line levels. There was a significant difference of GFR between the 2 groups at 6 months p < 0.001. The extent of proteinuria decreased significantly in CsA group after 12 months p < 0.001. The extent of arteriolar hyalinosis increased significantly in CsA group (0.78 to 1.81 score, p < 0.001) but was unchanged in MMF group (0.93 to 0.96 score), whereas interstitial fibrosis increased to same level in both groups (grade 3).

Conclusion. Conversion to MMF in those patients may be superior to CsA as regards GFR after 12 months after treatment in spite of the presence of greater level of protein excretion. The increased arteriolar hyalinosis during CsA treatment most likely results in higher BP compared to MMF treatment in patients with FSGS resistant to steroids.