bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between ultrasonography and capnography for ascertaining placement of endotracheal tube in patients undergoing general anesthesia – A prospective observational study
Authors: Lahiri Swati , Asim Kumar Kundu  , Manjushree Ray  
Published: January 2025

Background: Confirmation of the position of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is an essential step for verification of intubation. Failure to diagnose esophageal intubation may lead to fatal consequences. Capnography is the gold standard for confirmation of ETT position, but it is practically impossible to be performed in all situations. Ultrasonography (USG) or “visual stethoscope” can be used as an effective alternative for all intubators in all situations.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the ultrasonography (USG) technique with respect to its efficacy to detect the proper endotracheal position of ETT compared to end-tidal capnography among patients undergoing general anesthesia; to compare the time taken by the USG technique with that of capnography for detection of proper placement of ETT; to assess the feasibility of USG to detect accidental esophageal intubation.
Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 68 patients. Both capnography and upper airway USG were performed immediately after intubation to confirm the ETT placement. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of upper airway USG were determined against capnography as the reference method. The time required to determine ETT placement by the two methods was found out and compared. Agreement between the methods was assessed with kappa statistics.
Results: USG detected all three cases of esophageal intubation but could not detect two patients with correct tracheal intubation. Upper airway USG had a sensitivity of 96.92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.54–100%), specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 60% (95% CI: 50.4–69.6%). The Kappa value was found to be 0.735, indicating a good agreement between upper airway USG and capnography for confirmation of ETT placement. Time taken for confirmation of ETT by capnography was 21.68±2.63 s versus 11.44±1.38 s for upper airway USG (P<0.001). USG demonstrated bilateral lung sliding in 60 (88.2%) patients, unilateral lung sliding in 3 (4.4%) patients, and lung sliding was absent in 5 (7.4%) patients.
Conclusion: Real-time upper airway USG is an alternative method of confirmation of ETT that is not only sensitive and accurate but is faster than the current gold standard method, capnography.
Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Psidium Guajava L. [Myrtaceae] Protects the Stomach against Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury
Authors: Yusuf Sadiq , Abdulkareem Agunu  , Nna Venessa Katung  , Uduak Umana  
Published: January 2025

Objective: Decoction of the root, bark or leaves of Psidium guajava universally known guava has a long history of dietary and medicinal uses in Africa. This study was designed to investigate the gastric secretory and protective properties of leaf extract of guava on ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were divided in eight groups. Group 1 served as control group, group 2 animals were subjected to I-R without treatment, groups 3, 4, 5 and 7 were pretreated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg of the extract orally 10 mg/kg indomethacin intraperitoneally [i.p.] 30 min before I-R respectively. Group 6 animals were pretreated with indomethacin [10mg/kg, i.p.] without I-R while group 8 animals were administered with 100mg/kg guava extract 30 minutes before administration of indomethacin [10mg/kg, i. p.] and subjected to I-R. Extent of mucosal damage was assessed by calculating the ulcer index while adherent mucus was determined by the Alcian Blue method.
Results: The results obtained indicated that oral pretreatment of rats with extract of guava leaves significantly reduced and reversed I-R induced mucosal injury (P < 0.001), reduced gastric acid and adherent mucus on the gastric mucosa (P < 0.05) respectively. Indomethacin aggravated the mucosal injury induced by I-R which was reversed by 100 mg/kg extract of guava.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the stimulation of mucus secretion by guava extract may be responsible for its gastro-protective properties against I-R induced mucosal injury.
Keywords: guava extract; gastric mucosa; ischemia-reperfusion; indomethacin; Psidium guajava
DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2452
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.1-3
Factors Associated with Nutritional Status of the Under Five Children
Authors: Amita Pradhan  
Published: January 2025

Objective: To identify factors associated to the nutritional status of under five children.
Method: The data used in this analysis are from Demographic and Health Survey 2006 conducted in Nepal. Total 5262 cases are included in the present study. A multinomial logistic regression model is used to study the relation between various factors and nutritional status.
Results: Increasing body mass index of mothers and wealth index shows decreasing likelihood of malnutrition among children. Rural children show insignificant higher likelihood of different forms of underweight and wasting as compared to urban area. Frequency of listening radio does not show significant association in case of mild and moderate wasting and shown very high unusual odds ratio in case of severe wasting. Similarly, lower frequency of watching television also does not show significantly higher likeliness of different form of stunting, underweight and wasting. Female children are more likely to be stunted, underweight and wasted as compared to male. Female headed households are more likely to have moderately and mildly stunted children and mixed results are observed for underweight and wasting. The likelihood for all forms of malnutrition is higher among children with smaller than average size at birth as compared to average or bigger size at birth. Mixed results are observed regarding likelihood of different forms of malnutrition among children with mothers having different educational level.
Conclusion: Body mass index of mothers is found significant variable while explaining children's nutritional status. Similarly, Size at birth is significantly associated with nutrition during the childhood.
Keywords: Stunting; wasting; under weight; under five children
DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2927Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.6-8
CT and MRI features of Primary Orbital Lymphoma: review of 14 cases
Authors: Chen Wang Jin  , Netra Rana  , Yuan Wang  , ShaoHui Ma  , Min Li  , Ming Zhang  
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To assess the computed tomography (CT) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of primary orbital lymphoma and to establish a differential diagnosis.

Material & Methods:
Fourteen patients (9 male and 5 female) suffering from primary orbital lymphoma underwent CT scanning with and without contrast. Pre- and post-contrast MRI scans were performed in 10 patients. Their ages ranged from 1.5 to 65 years (average age: 36 years). The course of diseases varied from 2 months to 16 years.

Results:
The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in all cases. Lesions were bilateral in 4 cases and unilateral in 10 cases. Periorbital preseptal tissues were involved mainly in the upper lateral quadrant of the orbit. Focal masses were observed in 5 patients. Lesions that infiltrated the lacrimal gland, adjacent extraocular muscles and intraorbital tissues, along with the extraocular muscles, were found in other patients. The tumors that had advanced into intraorbital tissues and had involved extraocular muscles, displayed either a 'casting sign' or a 'ring sign'. Isodense soft-tissue masses with clear demarcation were found on plain CT film and lesions displayed low to intermediate signal intensity on T1- weighted MRI and relatively low or high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. The lesions demonstrated homogeneously marked enhancement on CT and MRI with contrast medium.

Conclusion:
CT imaging and MRI - particularly MRI - can demonstrate the location, configuration, inner structure and characteristic manifestations of the orbital lymphomas. This may assist the pre-operative diagnosis of these lesions.

Key Words:
Orbital tumor; Lymphoma; Pseudotumor; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging

DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.3401

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
1 (2010) 87-90
Fenomena Perkembangan Komoditas Beras Non Organik Di Dusun Abdi Sari Desa Way Halom Kecamatan Buay Madang
Authors: Fatria Mega , Oktania Wulan , Rohmah Miftakhur 
Published: January 2025

Padi pertama kali ditanam di Thailand pada tahun 400 SM, dan merupakan sumber makanan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Padi merupakan sektor produksi terbesar bagi masyarakat Ogan Komering Ulu Timur. Padi anorganik adalah padi yang tahap pengolahannya dari awal hingga akhir menggunakan pupuk kimia seperti Pupuk Urea, Pupuk Ponska dan Pupuk Ferthipos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran secara rinci mengenai proses atau tahapan pengolahan mulai dari padi, gabah hingga menjadi beras dan distribusi pemasaran beras anorganik di Dusun Abdi Sari, Desa Way Halom, Kecamatan Buay Madang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan berbasis Study Case. Dimana sampel yang dijadikan penelitian adalah informasi dari salah satu masyarakat Dusun Abdi Sari, artikel, dan informasi dari BPS OKU Timur. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa petani di Dusun Abdi Sari sebelum melakukan penanaman benih memperhatikan beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) persiapan lahan, (2) pengolahan lahan, (3) tahapan penanaman padi, (4) pemasaran padi. Dan disini juga menjelaskan hasil produksi padi di Dusun Abdi Sari dari tahun 2019 produksi padi mengalami penurunan karena adanya padi Covid 19, dan mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2020,2021,2022 hingga 2023, dimana produksi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ketahun yang mana pada tahun tersebut pemerintah atau Dinas Pertanian sudah mulai aktif ikut serta dalam panen raya sehingga pemerintah mengadakan Panen Raya Padi OKU Timur dan Panen Raya Nusantara di Wilayah OKU Timur.
El rol de las personas facilitadoras en la efectividad de los programas parentales basados en evidencias
Authors: Cruz-Sosa Miriam del Mar , Martín Quintana Juan Carlos , Álamo-Muñoz Adriana , Pellegrino Graziano 
Published: January 2025

Uno de los aspectos fundamentales a analizar cuando se evalúa la efectividad de los programas de educación parental, basados en evidencias, es el papel de la persona facilitadora en el proceso de implementación y la consecución de objetivos. Este artículo analiza la importancia del rol de las personas facilitadoras en la efectividad del programa "Vivir la Adolescencia en Familia" adaptado al contexto educativo, aplicado en centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias. La investigación incluye a 372 madres de alumnado adolescente participantes en el programa, con una media de edad de 42,52 años. Se midió el impacto de las características de la persona facilitadora en los cambios que el programa produjo en las competencias parentales, en las estrategias positivas de resolución de conflictos familiares, en el clima social y familiar y en la supervisión parental. Teniendo en cuenta que las personas facilitadoras partían con la misma formación para la implementación del programa, los resultados indican que la satisfacción de la persona facilitadora con el programa es la variable que más repercute en la mejora de las competencias parentales. Por su parte, la menor experiencia docente repercutió positivamente en la mejora de la convivencia familiar. Finalmente, en lo que respecta al proceso de implementación, el que una única persona facilitadora imparta el programa influye tanto en las competencias parentales como en el uso de estrategias positivas de resolución de conflicto. Como se ha podido evidenciar, la efectividad del programa no depende únicamente de su contenido, sino también de la calidad de la implementación. La satisfacción de la persona facilitadora, junto con la capacitación y apoyo adecuados, favorece la generación de cambios objetivos de mejora en el ejercicio del rol parental de las participantes. Asimismo, es esencial considerar el perfil de las personas facilitadoras, incluyendo su experiencia docente, y los aspectos organizativos del programa para asegurar la mayor efectividad de este.
The status quo and influencing factors of breastfeeding social support in China based on LASSO regression model
Authors: Sun Tian , Duan Chanzhi , Wang Yan , Li Qing 
Published: January 2025

Background
In China, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months is only 29.2%, well below the global breastfeeding collective target of at least 50% by 2025. This study explores the status quo of breastfeeding social support among puerpera and analyses its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for improving breastfeeding rate in China.

Methods
A total of 251 puerpera were selected to fill in the general information questionnaire and the Breastfeeding Social Support Scale from three community health service centers in the city of Chengde, Hebei province, China, from September to November 2023 by completed random cluster sampling method. And the LASSO regression was used to screen and order the influencing factors of breastfeeding social support.

Results
The total score of the Breastfeeding Social Support Scale was (48.95 ± 7.93). The results of LASSO regression showed that when the lambda (λ) value was 0.7428, the error was the smallest, and the corresponding number of influencing factors was four, and the top four independent variables in importance ranking were whether or not breastfeeding at night, employment status, the feeding mode of the youngest baby, partner attended school/lecture for pregnant women.

Conclusion
The level of breastfeeding social support remains to be improved; health care providers were suggested to develop targeted intervention according to the influencing factors.
Enhancing Sustainability with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (l.) Millsp) Based Cropping Systems in India: Insights and Practices
Authors: Honnappa H. M. , Bhogi Basavarajappa , G.K.Ningaraju  , Niak K. P. Suresh 
Published: January 2025

Intercropping systems involving pigeon pea significantly enhance productivity, economic returns, and land-use efficiency compared to sole cropping systems. Studies highlight that transplanting 4–5-week-old pigeon pea seedlings, particularly with finger millet, soybean, or mungbean, improves pigeon pea equivalent yield (PEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), and net returns due to better resource utilization and reduced competition. Legume-based intercropping systems leverage complementary nutrient dynamics and higher market value, achieving superior returns. Integrated nutrient management (INM) further optimizes growth, yield, and soil fertility, enhancing system sustainability. Strategic planting geometries, such as paired rows and additive systems, maximize the synergy between crops, while spatial arrangements like pigeon pea + black gram-wheat sequences yield high productivity (17.70 q ha⁻¹) and profitability (₹23,867 ha⁻¹). Utilizing nitrogen-fixing legumes in rotation systems significantly boosts land-use efficiency and energy utilization. Conventional tillage systems improve yields of pigeon pea and finger millet through enhanced weed control, while INM strategies provide synchronized nutrient supply in rotation systems, optimizing grain and straw yields. Intercropping pigeon peas with sorghum or sunflower notably reduces pod damage and wilt incidence. These systems also promote ecological benefits, such as enhanced activity of predators, parasitoids, and insectivorous birds, which mitigate pest populations. Integrated pest management (IPM) within intercropping systems further reduces pod borer damage and improves productivity. For instance, pigeon pea intercropped with sorghum recorded reduced pest incidence, lower pod damage, and higher productivity compared to sole cropping. These benefits stem from intercrop-emitted volatile compounds that deter pests and encourage predator activity. Overall, the adoption of intercropping systems with pigeon pea, coupled with INM and IPM practices, ensures sustainable intensification of agriculture by enhancing productivity, profitability, and ecological balance while maintaining soil health. This makes intercropping a vital strategy for achieving sustainable agricultural growth.
Characterisation of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Sauerkraut Stored in Sugar-Salt Osmotic Solution
Authors: Ojo Moses Ayodele , Ohijeagbon O. R. , Ngoddy L. A. , Ade-Omowaye B. I. O. 
Published: January 2025

Eggplant (Solanum melongena), one of the most common food crops in the world, has been reported to be a source of nutritionally important phytochemicals that are of health benefits although there is a dearth of its harness in the diversity of diets. The study aimed at evaluating sauerkraut produced from eggplant during storage in a sugar-salt osmotic solution. The eggplant sauerkraut was produced by fermentation in 2.5% brine for 2 weeks and storage studies (28±2 ˚C, 4 weeks) were conducted on the sauerkraut in 2.5% brine (sample A0), 1% sucrose in 2.5% brine (A1), 2% sucrose in 2.5% brine (A2) and 3% sucrose in 2.5% brine (A3). Selected parameters were monitored on the raw eggplant, freshly prepared and stored sauerkraut using standard methods in the literature. The pH, crude fibre, ash, protein and vitamin C contents of the raw eggplant were 6.50, 0.66%, 0.55%, 0.94% and 9.12 mg/100g, respectively. Storing the sauerkraut in osmotic solutions caused significant changes in the nutritional properties. The highest fibre and protein contents of 2.41 and 2.63%, respectively were recorded for sample A3 after four weeks of storage. Although the osmotic solutions provided a good medium for product stability, all the sauerkraut samples experienced a decrease in the vitamin C content with an increase in storage time. Sauerkraut stored in medium containing 3% sucrose (Sample A3) had the highest sensory scores in appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability and the best judgment in terms of saltiness and firmness among samples stored in sucrose-containing osmotic solutions. Storing eggplant sauerkraut in osmotic solutions can reduce postharvest loses, enhance dietary diversity, product stability, and availability of eggplant during off-season thus, contributing to achieving SDGs 1 and 2 (zero hunger and no poverty).
Effect of Irrigation, Tillage and Residue Retention on Performance and Economics of Soybean–Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Sonpure S. B. , Raut V. G. , Patil V. V. , Tumbare A. D. 
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Post Graduate Institute Research Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahilyanagar Maharashtra (India). The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture with low in available nitrogen (181.25 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorous (15.70 kg ha-1) and very high in potassium (470.40 kg ha-1). The soil organic carbon content, pH and EC were 0.55 %, 8.04, and 0.32 dSm-1, respectively. The physical properties of soil viz., field capacity (33.35 %), permanent wilting point (16.67 %) and bulk density (1.28 g cm-3) indicates that soil was good in water retention capacity. The experiment was laid out in split plot design during kharif season and split-split plot design during rabi season with three replications. The treatment consists of four main plot treatments of irrigation scheduling i.e. DASM- depletion of available soil moisture viz., I1 – 40 % of DASM, I2 – 50 % of DASM, I3 – 60 % of DASM and I4 – As per CGS (critical growth stages) and two sub plot treatments of tillage practices viz., T1 – Zero tillage, T2 – Conventional tillage for kharif soybean. During rabi season the main and sub plot treatments remain same but the sub plot treatments were divided into three sub plot treatments of crop residue management viz., R1 – No crop residue, R2 – Crop residue, R3 - Crop residue + composting culture to wheat crop as a sub-sub plot treatment. The conventional tillage practice and scheduling of irrigation at 40 per cent of DASM to kharif soybean followed by cultivation of rabi wheat under conventional tillage practice with scheduling of irrigation at 40 per cent of DASM and application of soybean crop residue + composting culture obtained higher system productivity, production efficiency and economic efficiency, gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B:C ratio in soybean-wheat cropping system.
Protein Fouling Characteristics of Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Rode Richard , Schmid Michael , Moghaddam Saeed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvancing the knowledge of surfaces and protein interactions is paramount to development of non‐fouling membranes for many applications, particularly continuous blood flow wearable and implantable devices. Here, highly controlled experiments to understand the effect of graphene oxide (GO) surface properties on its protein adsorption are presented. A newly developed self‐assembly process is implemented to build a GO membrane with an atomically smooth surface to eliminate the effect of surface roughness on protein adsorption. The GO oxidation level is varied to change the overall membrane hydrophilicity while the nanoplatelets size and edge area is maintained constant. The fouling characteristics of the membrane are examined through scanning electron microscope imaging and long‐term water flux measurements. These measurements unambiguously prove that proteins are primarily adsorbed on the basal areas of nanoplatelets, on the graphitic regions, away from the nanoplatelets edges. As a result, while decreasing the oxidation level reduced the overall surface hydrophilicity leading to more protein adsorption, the membrane mass flux is minimally impacted. Studies on a polymer membrane under similar conditions show expansion of protein agglomerates over time leading to formation of large biofilm domains, while the GO nanoplatelets edges function as a barrier to formation of an expansive biofilm.
Utility practices and perspectives on monitoring and source control of cyanobacterial blooms
Authors: Kibuye Faith A. , Almuhtaram Husein , Zamyadi Arash , Gaget Virginie , Owen Christine , Hofmann Ron , Wert Eric C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThirty‐five utilities across the United States (54%), Australia (26%), and Canada (20%) were surveyed to identify their experiences with early warning monitoring and source control of cyanobacteria. All utilities experience pelagic blooms, but only 20% monitor for benthic cyanobacteria. Most utilities (86%) have early warning monitoring programs. However, monitoring frequencies and long analytical turnaround times negatively impacted the effective use of monitoring data for rapid bloom detection and prompt implementation of reactive measures to control blooms/bloom‐related issues. Thus, a tiered monitoring approach is recommended: Tier 1–event detection, Tier 2–cyanobacteria confirmation, and Tier 3–metabolite confirmation. Most utilities (68%) implement source control strategies for cyanobacteria, with algaecides and aeration being the most frequently used (36%). Utilities relied on manufacturer recommendations to design source control strategies, although site‐specific optimization is needed based on water quality/bloom conditions. Control strategies were restricted by source geometry, limited optimization, metabolite generation, and environmental impacts. Successful source control of cyanobacteria was further negatively impacted by external nutrient loading. Therefore, source control strategies should be implemented jointly with external nutrient control initiatives.