bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly‐Parallel Microfluidics‐Based Force Spectroscopy on Single Cytoskeletal Motors
Authors: Urbanska Marta , Lüdecke Annemarie , Walter Wilhelm J. , van Oijen Antoine M. , Duderstadt Karl E. , Diez Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytoskeletal motors transform chemical energy into mechanical work to drive essential cellular functions. Optical trapping experiments have provided crucial insights into the operation of these molecular machines under load. However, the throughput of such force spectroscopy experiments is typically limited to one measurement at a time. Here, a highly‐parallel, microfluidics‐based method that allows for rapid collection of force‐dependent motility parameters of cytoskeletal motors with two orders of magnitude improvement in throughput compared to currently available methods is introduced. Tunable hydrodynamic forces to stepping kinesin‐1 motors via DNA‐tethered beads and utilize a large field of view to simultaneously track the velocities, run lengths, and interaction times of hundreds of individual kinesin‐1 molecules under varying resisting and assisting loads are applied. Importantly, the 16 µm long DNA tethers between the motors and the beads significantly reduces the vertical component of the applied force pulling the motors away from the microtubule. The approach is readily applicable to other molecular systems and constitutes a new methodology for parallelized single‐molecule force studies on cytoskeletal motors.
Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites
Authors: Wang Xizheng , Xia Qinqin , Jing Shuangshuang , Li Claire , Chen Qiongyu , Chen Bo , Pang Zhenqian , Jiang Bo , Gan Wentao , Chen Gang , Cui Mingjin , Hu Liangbing , Li Teng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe huge consumption of single‐use plastic straws has brought a long‐lasting environmental problem. Paper straws, the current replacement for plastic straws, suffer from drawbacks, such as a high cost of the water‐proof wax layer and poor water stability due to the easy delamination of the wax layer. It is therefore crucial to find a high‐performing alternative to mitigate the environmental problems brought by plastic straws. In this paper, all natural, degradable, cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straws, inspired by the reinforcement principle of cellulose and lignin in natural wood are developed. The cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straw is fabricated by rolling up a wet film made of homogeneously mixed cellulose microfibers, cellulose nanofibers, and lignin powders, which is then baked in oven at 150 °C. When baked, lignin melts and infiltrates the micro–nanocellulose network, acting as a polyphenolic binder to improve the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity performance of the resulting straw. The obtained straws demonstrate several advantageous properties over paper straws, including 1) excellent mechanical performance, 2) high hydrostability, and 3) low cost. Moreover, the natural degradability of the cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straws makes them promising candidates to replace plastic straws and suggests possible substitutes for other petroleum‐based plastics.
Highly Dispersed Molybdenum Oxycarbide Clusters Supported on Multilayer Graphene for the Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMolybdenum oxycarbide clusters are novel nanomaterials that exhibit attractive catalytic activity; however, the methods for their production are currently very restrictive. This work represents a new strategy for the creation of near‐subnanometer size molybdenum oxycarbide clusters on multilayer graphene. To adsorb Mo‐based polyoxometalates of the type [PMo12O40]3− as a precursor for Mo oxycarbide clusters, the novel tripodal‐phenyl cation N,N,N‐tri(4‐phenylbutyl)‐N‐methylammonium ([TPBMA]+) is synthesized. [TPBMA]+ exhibits superior adsorption on multilayer graphene compared to commercially available cations such as tetrabutylammonium ([nBu4N]+) and tetraphenylphosphonium ([PPh4]+). Using [TPBMA]+ as an anchor, highly dispersed precursor clusters (diameter: 1.0 ± 0.2 nm) supported on multilayer graphene are obtained, as confirmed by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Remarkably, this new material achieves the catalytic reduction of CO2 to selectively produce CO (≈99.9%) via the reverse water‐gas‐shift reaction, by applying carbothermal hydrogen reduction to generate Mo oxycarbide clusters in situ.
Freivorbau, Fortschritte in der Mechanisierung der Montage und Anfänge des Schweißens im Stahlgroßbrückenbau (Teil 3)
Authors: Pelke Eberhard , Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWährend in Teil 2 dieser Aufsatzserie die Etablierung und Vollendung des Freivorbaus als Kern der Formierung der Montage zu einer eigenständigen Disziplin des Stahlbrückenbaus im Mittelpunkt stand, geht es im Folgenden um die Ausdifferenzierung des Freivorbaus als Hauptmontageverfahren, die kurze Darstellung der weiteren Fortschritte in der Mechanisierung der Montage sowie die Anfänge des Schweißens und dessen Auswirkung auf die Montageprozesse.
Comparative study on the effect of outrigger on seismic response of tall buildings with braced and RC wall core. I: Optimum level and examining modal response spectrum analysis reliability
Authors: Samadi Maysam , Jahan Norouz 
Published: March 2021

SummaryDesigners usually use modal response spectrum analysis (MRSA) in design of tall buildings. This paper studies the reliability of this technique in predicting real seismic behavior of tall buildings with outrigger and belt truss. Four tall buildings utilizing either braced or reinforced concrete shear wall core with 28 and 56 stories were designed as the base models according to current design codes. Outrigger and belt truss were added at quarters of the structure height generating 44 structural models. Results obtained from MRSA of these models are discussed and compared to those obtained from nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). It was observed that MRSA unrealistically overestimates beneficial effects of outrigger on drift reduction of tall buildings with braced core. NLTHA showed that the maximum lateral displacements of the structures with braced core are less than those of buildings with RC shear wall, but they experience more residual displacements. Adding outrigger could reduce maximum lateral displacement of buildings with RC shear wall core (in excess of 30%) but had minor effect on this index in structures with braced core (less than 10%). Outrigger did not consistently reduce maximum drift under all records, except for the story where it is located. Although outrigger could not reliably decrease residual drift of structures with braced core, it significantly decreased this index when applied at any level of buildings with RC shear wall core, under all studied records. Applying outrigger increased story shears and NLTHA showed that it creates a sudden jump in shear at its placement story.
In vitro antitumoral effects of the steroid ouabain on human thyroid papillary carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Teixeira Mariana Pires , Passos Eliza Freitas , Haddad Natalia Ferreira , Andrade Marcelle Novaes , Rumjanek Vivian Mary , Miranda‐Alves Leandro , de Carvalho Denise Pires , de Paiva Luciana Souza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOuabain is a steroid described as a compound extracted from plants that is capable of binding to Na+, K+‐ATPase, inhibiting ion transport and triggering cell signaling pathways. Due to its positive ionotropic effect, ouabain was used for more than 200 years for the treatment of cardiac dysfunctions. Numerous antitumor effects of ouabain have been described so far; however, its role on thyroid cancer is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of ouabain on the biology of human papillary thyroid cancer cells. For this, three human thyroid cell lines were used: NTHY‐ori, a non‐tumor lineage, BCPAP and TPC‐1, both derived from papillary carcinomas. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of ouabain. Subsequently, we evaluated its effects on the viability, cell death, cell cycle, and migratory ability of these cell lines. We also investigated the impact of ouabain in IL‐6/IL‐6R and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers expression. Our results indicate that ouabain (10−7 M), decreased the number of NTHY‐ori, TPC‐1 and BCPAP viable cells and induced cell cycle arrest after in vitro culture, but did not appear to promote cell death. In TPC‐1 cells ouabain also inhibited cell migration; increased IL‐6/IL‐6R expression and IL‐6 secretion; and diminished vimentin and SNAIL‐1 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that ouabain has an antitumoral role on human papillary thyroid carcinomas in vitro. Even though additional studies are necessary, our work contributes to the discussion of the possibility of new clinical trials of ouabain.
Dielectric continuum methods for quantum chemistry
Authors: Herbert John M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review describes the theory and implementation of implicit solvation models based on continuum electrostatics. Within quantum chemistry this formalism is sometimes synonymous with the polarizable continuum model, a particular boundary‐element approach to the problem defined by the Poisson or Poisson–Boltzmann equation, but that moniker belies the diversity of available methods. This work reviews the current state‐of‐the art, with emphasis on theory and methods rather than applications. The basics of continuum electrostatics are described, including the nonequilibrium polarization response upon excitation or ionization of the solute. Nonelectrostatic interactions, which must be included in the model in order to obtain accurate solvation energies, are also described. Numerical techniques for implementing the equations are discussed, including linear‐scaling algorithms that can be used in classical or mixed quantum/classical biomolecular electrostatics calculations. Anisotropic models that can describe interfacial solvation are briefly described.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
A derivation of AdS/CFT for vector models
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Chester Shai M. , Urbach Erez Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explicitly rewrite the path integral for the free or critical O(N) (or U(N)) bosonic vector models in d space-time dimensions as a path integral over fields (including massless high-spin fields) living on (d + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. Inspired by de Mello Koch, Jevicki, Suzuki and Yoon and earlier work, we first rewrite the vector models in terms of bi-local fields, then expand these fields in eigenmodes of the conformal group, and finally map these eigenmodes to those of fields on anti-de Sitter space. Our results provide an explicit (non-local) action for a high-spin theory on anti-de Sitter space, which is presumably equivalent in the large N limit to Vasiliev’s classical high-spin gravity theory (with some specific gauge-fixing to a fixed background), but which can be used also for loop computations. Our mapping is explicit within the 1/N expansion, but in principle can be extended also to finite N theories, where extra constraints on products of bulk fields need to be taken into account.
Single extra dimension from κ-Poincaré and gauge invariance
Authors: Mathieu Philippe , Wallet Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show that κ-Poincaré invariant gauge theories on κ-Minkowski space with physically acceptable commutative (low energy) limit must be 5-d. The gauge invariance requirement of the action fixes the dimension of the κ-Minkowski space to d = 5 and selects the unique twisted differential calculus with which the construction can be achieved. We characterize a BRST symmetry related to the 5-d noncommutative gauge invariance though the definition of a nilpotent operation, which is used to construct a gauge-fixed action. We also consider standard scenarios assuming (compactification of) flat extra dimension, for which the 5-d deformation parameter κ can be viewed as the bulk 5-d Planck mass. We study physical properties of the resulting 4-d effective theories. Recent data from collider experiments require κ ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1013) GeV. The use of standard test of in-vacuo dispersion relations of Gamma Ray Burst photons increases this lower bound by 4 orders of magnitude. The robustness of this bound is discussed in the light of possible new features of noncommutative causal structures.
Electroweak symmetry breaking in the inverse seesaw mechanism
Authors: Mandal Sanjoy , Srivastava Rahul , Valle José W. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the stability of Higgs potential in inverse seesaw models. We derive the full two-loop RGEs of the relevant parameters, such as the quartic Higgs self-coupling, taking thresholds into account. We find that for relatively large Yukawa couplings the Higgs quartic self-coupling goes negative well below the Standard Model instability scale ∼ 1010 GeV. We show, however, that the “dynamical” inverse seesaw with spontaneous lepton number violation can lead to a completely consistent and stable Higgs vacuum up to the Planck scale.
Boundary state bootstrap and asymptotic overlaps in AdS/dCFT
Authors: Gombor Tamas , Bajnok Zoltan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We formulate and close the boundary state bootstrap for factorizing K-matrices in AdS/CFT. We found that there are no boundary degrees of freedom in the boundary bound states, merely the boundary parameters are shifted. We use this family of boundary bound states to describe the D3-D5 system for higher dimensional matrix product states and provide their asymptotic overlap formulas. In doing so we generalize the nesting for overlaps of matrix product states and Bethe states.
A correspondence between Ricci-flat Kerr and Kaluza-Klein AdS black hole
Authors: Ma Liang , Lü H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We establish an explicit correspondence of Einstein gravity on the squashed spheres that are the U(1) bundles over ℂℙm to the Kaluza-Klein AdS gravity on the tori. This allows us to map the Ricci-flat Kerr metrics in odd dimensions with all equal angular momenta to charged Kaluza-Klein AdS black holes that can be lifted to become singly rotating M-branes and D3-branes. Furthermore, we find maps between Ricci-flat gravitational instantons to the AdS domain walls. In particular the supersymmetric bolt instantons correspond to domain walls that can be interpreted as distributed M-branes and D3-branes, whilst the non-supersymmetric Taub-NUT solutions yield new domain walls that can be lifted to become solutions in M-theory or type IIB supergravity. The correspondence also inspires us to obtain a new superpotential in the Kaluza-Klein AdS gravity in four dimensions.
Topological excitations in statistical field theory at the upper critical dimension
Authors: Panero Marco , Smecca Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a high-precision Monte Carlo study of the classical Heisenberg model in four dimensions. We investigate the properties of monopole-like topological excitations that are enforced in the broken-symmetry phase by imposing suitable boundary conditions. We show that the corresponding magnetization and energy-density profiles are accurately predicted by previous analytical calculations derived in quantum field theory, while the scaling of the low-energy parameters of this description questions an interpretation in terms of particle excitations. We discuss the relevance of these findings and their possible experimental applications in condensed-matter physics.
Granulomatöse rosazeaartiges Exanthem unter Tofacitinib
Authors: Neumann Kristina , Terheyden Patrick , Thaçi Diamant 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten von einer 32-jährigen Patientin mit Colitis ulcerosa, die unter Therapie mit dem JAK(Januskinase)-Inhibitor Tofacitinib eine massive papulopustulöse Dermatitis entwickelt hat. Trotz intensiver lokaltherapeutischer Maßnahmen und der Einnahme von Kortikosteroiden und Doxycyclin trat keine ausreichende Besserung ein, sodass die Tofacitinib-Behandlung beendet werden musste. Bekanntermaßen kann die Klasse der JAK-Inhibitoren zu infektiösen und allergischen Hautnebenwirkungen führen. Fälle von steriler papulopustulöse Dermatitis unter Therapie mit JAK-Inhibitoren sind allerdings bislang kaum berichtet worden.
Quantitative trait locus mapping combined with variant and transcriptome analyses identifies a cluster of gene candidates underlying the variation in leaf wax between upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes
Authors: Qi Peng , Pendergast Thomas H. , Johnson Alex , Bahri Bochra A. , Choi Soyeon , Missaoui Ali , Devos Katrien M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
Mapping combined with expression and variant analyses in switchgrass, a crop with complex genetics, identified a cluster of candidate genes for leaf wax in a fast-evolving region of chromosome 7K.

Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising warm-season candidate energy crop. It occurs in two ecotypes, upland and lowland, which vary in a number of phenotypic traits, including leaf glaucousness. To initiate trait mapping, two F2 mapping populations were developed by crossing two different F1 sibs derived from a cross between the tetraploid lowland genotype AP13 and the tetraploid upland genotype VS16, and high-density linkage maps were generated. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of visually scored leaf glaucousness and of hydrophobicity of the abaxial leaf surface measured using a drop shape analyzer identified highly significant colocalizing QTL on chromosome 7K (Chr07K). Using a multipronged approach, we identified a cluster of genes including Pavir.7KG077009, which encodes a Type III polyketide synthase-like protein, and Pavir.7KG013754 and Pavir.7KG030500, two highly similar genes that encode putative acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases, as strong candidates underlying the QTL. The lack of homoeologs for any of the three genes on Chr07N, the relatively low level of identity with other switchgrass KCS proteins and thioesterases, as well as the organization of the surrounding region suggest that Pavir.7KG077009 and Pavir.7KG013754/Pavir.7KG030500 were duplicated into a fast-evolving chromosome region, which led to their neofunctionalization. Furthermore, sequence analyses showed all three genes to be absent in the two upland compared to the two lowland accessions analyzed. This study provides an example of and practical guide for trait mapping and candidate gene identification in a complex genetic system by combining QTL mapping, transcriptomics and variant analysis.
Coherence tomography with broad bandwidth extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation
Authors: Skruszewicz S. , Fuchs S. , Abel J. J. , Nathanael J. , Reinhard J. , Rödel C. , Wiesner F. , Wünsche M. , Wachulak P. , Bartnik A. , Janulewicz K. , Fiedorowicz H. , Paulus G. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present an overview of recent results on optical coherence tomography with the use of extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation (XCT). XCT is a cross-sectional imaging method that has emerged as a derivative of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In contrast to OCT, which typically uses near-infrared light, XCT utilizes broad bandwidth extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) radiation (Fuchs et al in Sci Rep 6:20658, 2016). As in OCT, XCT’s axial resolution only scales with the coherence length of the light source. Thus, an axial resolution down to the nanometer range can be achieved. This is an improvement of up to three orders of magnitude in comparison to OCT. XCT measures the reflected spectrum in a common-path interferometric setup to retrieve the axial structure of nanometer-sized samples. The technique has been demonstrated with broad bandwidth XUV/SXR radiation from synchrotron facilities and recently with compact laboratory-based laser-driven sources. Axial resolutions down to 2.2 nm have been achieved experimentally. XCT has potential applications in three-dimensional imaging of silicon-based semiconductors, lithography masks, and layered structures like XUV mirrors and solar cells.
The influence of bone quality on radiological outcome in 50 consecutive acetabular fractures treated with a pre-contoured anatomic suprapectineal plate
Authors: Hartel Maximilian J. , Naji Tareq , Fensky Florian , Henes Frank O. , Thiesen Darius M. , Lehmann Wolfgang , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Ntalos Dimitris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the range of indications of an anatomical-preshaped three-dimensional suprapectineal plate and to assess the impact of the bone mass density on radiologic outcomes in different types of acetabular fractures.

Patients and methods
A consecutive case series of 50 acetabular fractures (patient age 69 ± 23 years) treated with suprapectineal anatomic plates were analyzed in a retrospective study. The analysis included: Mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, surgical approach, need for additional total hip arthroplasty, intra- or postoperative complications, as well as bone mass density and radiological outcome on postoperative computed tomography.

Results
Most frequently, anterior column fracture patterns with and without hemitransverse components as well as associated two column fractures were encountered. The anterior intrapelvic approach (AIP) was used in 98% (49/50) of the cases as primary approach with additional utilization of the first window of the ilioinguinal approach in 13/50 cases (26%). Determination of bone density revealed impaired bone quality in 70% (31/44). Postoperative steps and gaps were significantly greater in this subgroup (p < 0.05). Fracture reduction quality for postoperative steps revealed anatomic results in 92% if the bone quality was normal and in 46% if impaired (p < 0.05). In seven cases (14%), the plate was utilized in combination with acute primary arthroplasty.

Conclusion
A preshaped suprapectineal plate provides good radiological outcomes in a variety of indications in a predominantly geriatric cohort. Impaired bone quality has a significantly higher risk of poor reduction results. In cases with extensive joint destruction, the combination with total hip arthroplasty was a valuable option.