bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smell and taste in idiopathic blepharospasm
Authors: Gamain Julie , Herr Thorsten , Fleischmann Robert , Stenner Andrea , Vollmer Marcus , Willert Carsten , Veit Birgitt , Lehnert Bernhard , Mueller Jan-Uwe , Steigerwald Frank , Tost Frank , Kronenbuerger Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiology of blepharospasm is incompletely understood. Current concepts suggest that blepharospasm is a network disorder, involving basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex, and, possibly, the cerebellum. Tracing, imaging, and clinical studies revealed that these structures are also concerned with olfaction and taste. Because of this anatomical overlap, dysfunction of the chemical senses in blepharospasm is expected. Injections of botulinum toxin into the eyelid muscles are the first-line treatment of blepharospasm. Yet, the effects of botulinum toxin on the chemical senses have not been systematically assessed. To contribute to a better understanding of blepharospasm, olfactory and gustatory abilities were assessed in 17 subjects with blepharospasm and 17 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Sniffin Sticks were used to assess odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Results of these three Sniffin Sticks subtests were added to the composite olfactory score. The Taste Strips were applied to assess taste. In an adjacent study, we assessed the sense of smell and taste in eight subjects with blepharospasm before and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin treatment. Subjects with blepharospasm had significantly lower (= worse) scores for odor threshold and for the composite olfactory score than healthy controls, while odor discrimination, odor identification, and the composite taste score were not different between groups. The adjacent study revealed that botulinum toxin did not impact the chemical senses. In this study, subjects with blepharospasm had a lower (= worse) odor threshold than healthy controls. As olfaction is important in daily life, findings justify further research of olfaction in blepharospasm.
Coordinate-wise transformation of probability distributions to achieve a Stein-type identity
Authors: Sei Tomonari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is shown that for any given multi-dimensional probability distribution with regularity conditions, there exists a unique coordinate-wise transformation such that the transformed distribution satisfies a Stein-type identity. A sufficient condition for the existence is referred to as copositivity of distributions. The proof is based on an energy minimization problem over a totally geodesic subset of the Wasserstein space. The result is considered as an alternative to Sklar’s theorem regarding copulas, and is also interpreted as a generalization of a diagonal scaling theorem. The Stein-type identity is applied to a rating problem of multivariate data. A numerical procedure for piece-wise uniform densities is provided. Some open problems are also discussed.
Synthesis, characterization, DFT, and TD-DFT studies of (E)-5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-diylbis(hydrogen sulfite)
Authors: Louis Hitler , Enudi Obieze C. , Odey Joseph O. , Onyebuenyi Izubundu B. , Igbalagh Azuaga T. , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Ntui Tabe N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, (E)-5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-diylbis(hydrogen sulfite), a cyanurated H-acid (CHA) azo dye, was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and GC-MS spectroscopy. A density functional theory (DFT) based B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP method with 6–311 + G (d,p) basis set analysis was computed for HOMO-LUMO, natural bonding orbitals (NBO), UV-Vis absorptions and excitation interactions, in order to understand its molecular orbital excitation properties. A low Energy gap (Eg) of 2.947 eV was obtained from the molecular orbital analysis, which showed that HOMO to LUMO transition is highly feasible; hence CHA is adequate for diverse electronic and optic applications. Studies of the first five excitations (S0 → S1/S2/S3/S4/S5) of CHA revealed that S0 → S1 and S0 → S3 are π → π* type local excitations distributed around the –N=N– group; S0 → S2, a Rydberg type local excitation; S0 → S4, a highly localized π → π* excitation; while S0 → S5 is an n → π* charge transfer from a benzene ring to –N=N– group. From NBO analysis, we obtained the various donor–acceptor orbital interactions contributing to the stabilization of the studied compound. Most significantly, some strong hyper-conjugations (n → n*) within fragments, and non-bondingand anti-bonding intermolecular (n → n*/π* and π → n*/π*) interactions were observed to contribute appreciable energies. This study is valuable for understanding the molecular properties of the azo dyes compounds and for synthesizing new ones in the future.
CATE meets ML
Authors: Jacob Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor treatment effects—one of the core issues in modern econometric analysis—prediction and estimation are two sides of the same coin. As it turns out, machine learning methods are the tool for generalized prediction models. Combined with econometric theory, they allow us to estimate not only the average but a personalized treatment effect—the conditional average treatment effect (CATE). In this tutorial, we give an overview of novel methods, explain them in detail, and apply them via Quantlets in real data applications. We study the effect that microcredit availability has on the amount of money borrowed and if 401(k) pension plan eligibility has an impact on net financial assets, as two empirical examples. The presented toolbox of methods contains meta-learners, like the doubly-robust, R-, T- and X-learner, and methods that are specially designed to estimate the CATE like the causal BART and the generalized random forest. In both, the microcredit and 401(k) example, we find a positive treatment effect for all observations but conflicting evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity. An additional simulation study, where the true treatment effect is known, allows us to compare the different methods and to observe patterns and similarities.
Bridging the gap: integrating external knowledge from open innovation platforms
Authors: Weissenberger-Eibl Marion A. , Hampel Tim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile external knowledge has the potential to benefit a firm’s innovation activities, research shows that the positive effects of a more open model of innovation do not come naturally. This paper draws on the project level to explore the organizational factors that hamper or impede the integration of external knowledge sourced from an open innovation platform and to suggest interventions to overcome these barriers. While open innovation is mainly discussed as a concept that resides at the level of the organization, this paper draws on the project level to contribute to a multi-level understanding of open innovation and to offer a deeper understanding of the challenges project teams face, when integrating external knowledge. To investigate occurring barriers, four cases of external knowledge integration within a multinational corporation are analyzed. The results show that due to the external nature of the knowledge, an additional effort of project teams is required such as forming alliances with key individuals and changing negative attitudes towards external sources to overcome organizational resistance. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
Clinical and demographic features associated with infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli in a health system in Maine, 2017
Authors: Liu Eugene W. , Buss Sarah N. , Trumbo Jennifer L. , Temples Tina M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this case–case control study, we identified receipt of β-lactam antibiotics and older age as independently associated with increased infection risk with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli among residents aged 20–88 years in a rural Maine hospital system where the infection prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is low.
The contribution of telco data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of Telefonica throughout its footprint
Authors: de Alarcon Pedro A. , Salevsky Alejandro , Gheti-Kao Daniel , Rosalen Willian , Duarte Marby C. , Cuervo Carlos , Muñoz Jose J. , Pascual Juan M. , Schurig Martin , Treß Thomas , Diaz Elena , de la Cuesta Carlos , Frias-Martinez Enrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge for humanity, in which a large number of resources are invested to develop effective vaccines and treatments. At the same time, governments try to manage the spread of the disease while alleviating the strong impact derived from the slowdown in economic activity. Governments were forced to impose strict lockdown measures to tackle the pandemic. This significantly changed people’s mobility and habits, subsequently impacting the economy. In this context, the availability of tools to effectively monitor and quantify mobility was key for public institutions to decide which policies to implement and for how long. Telefonica has promoted different initiatives to offer governments mobility insights throughout many of the countries where it operates in Europe and Latin America. Mobility indicators with high spatial granularity and frequency of updates were successfully deployed in different formats. However, Telefonica faced many challenges (not only technical) to put these tools into service in a short timing: from reducing latency in insights to ensuring the security and privacy of information. In this article, we provide details on how Telefonica engaged with governments and other stakeholders in different countries as a response to the pandemic. We also cover the challenges faced and the shared learnings from Telefonica’s experience in those countries.
Importance of Team Experience and Coordination in Disaster Response: Building Collapse
Authors: Korkut Semih , Altinarik Selim , Türk Osman , Türkmen Fatih , Uğurlu Yusuf , Yilmaz Erdal , Mutlu Hasan , Türkdoğan Kenan Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to determine whether coordination of prehospital emergency health services and Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (DEMP) and being prepared for disasters, such as building collapses, allow quick evaluation and fast intervention.Methods:The information flow, hierarchy, treatment, and rehabilitation processes, and rescue organization and planning during the rescue attempt for 35 people who needed help due to this building collapse were reviewed.Results:Of the 43 people who lived in this 8-story building, 35 were inside the building during the collapse; 40% of them were assessed as injured and 60% as exitus. Almost two-thirds (64.3%) of the injured individuals who were rescued were women. The mean duration until rescue was 330 (57.0-512.0) min.Conclusions:Leading and important factors that can increase the success rate in search and rescue interventions are informing official authorities as first early warning by individuals who can clearly define the situation, early security measures by security forces arriving before the health and search-rescue teams, accurate identification of estimated numbers of injured victims, and identifying and informing appropriate hospitals which victims rescued from the debris will be transferred to there.
A NEW RAMPED PYROXIDATION/COMBUSTION FACILITY AT14CHRONO, BELFAST: SETUP DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS
Authors: Keaveney Evelyn M , Barrett Gerard T , Allen Kerry , Reimer Paula J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe Belfast Ramped Pyroxidation/Combustion (RPO/RC) facility was established at the14CHRONO Centre (Queen’s University Belfast). The facility was created to provide targeted analysis of bulk material for refined chronological analysis and carbon source attribution for a range of sample types. Here we report initial RPO results, principally on background material, but also including secondary standards that are routinely analyzed at14CHRONO. A description of our setup, methodology, and background (blank) correction method for the system are provided. The backgrounds (anthracite, spar calcite, Pargas marble) reported by the system are in excess of 35,00014C years BP with a mean age of 39,34514C years BP (1σ = 36,497–43,800 years BP, N=44) with F14C = 0.0075 ± 0.0032. Initial results for standards are also in good agreement with consensus values: TIRI-B pine radiocarbon age = 4482 ± 47 years BP (N=13, consensus = 4508 years BP); IAEA-C6 ANU Sucrose F14C= 1.5036 ± 0.0034 (N=10, consensus F14C = 1.503). These initial tests have allowed problematic issues to be identified and improvements made for future analyses.
‘POST-HIP’: NEW MUSIC FOR OLD INSTRUMENTS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Authors: Tassie Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores an emergent vanguard of the ‘historically informed performance’ (HIP) movement in the twenty-first century, focusing on new music written for, and performed on, historical instruments. Drawing on musicological and journalistic writing, as well as first-hand interviews with artists working in the scene, discussion is centred around the work of three key practitioners: the lutenist Jozef van Wissem, gambist Liam Byrne and baroque violinist Halla Steinunn Stefánsdóttir. Finally, an attempt is made to situate the scene, both in relation to earlier revivalist practice and to broader cultural trends, drawing, in particular, on notions of ‘retromania’, post-internet and post-postmodernist practice.
Varying orientations to sharing life stories: A diachronic study of Japanese women's discourse
Authors: Nakane Ikuko , Okano Kaori , Maree Claire , Takagi Chie , Tanaka Lidia , Iwasaki Shimako 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLanguage change across the lifespan is relatively underexplored in sociolinguistics. While studies of individuals’ language across life stages are often considered to complement large scale studies of community-level language change, this study aims to explore how changes to family environment and social mobility interact with individual speakers’ stylistic practice across life stages. It examines ethnographic interviews of five women, originally from the same area in western Japan, the same high school, and similar socio-economic background, conducted by a single researcher eleven years apart. The chronological and inter-participant comparisons reveal a complex pattern of stylistic practice and stance taking as the women share stories about career, family and relationships with the researcher. The study also discusses audience design in language variation and explores how the participants utilise their discursive repertoires in their interaction with the researcher, whose background is significantly divergent from theirs. (Language across the lifespan, stylistic practice, Japanese)*
Politically Invisible in America
Authors: Jackman Simon , Spahn Bradley 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCampaigns, parties, interest groups, pollsters, and political scientists rely on voter-registration lists and consumer files to identify people as targets for registration drives, persuasion, and mobilization and to be included in sampling frames for surveys. We introduce a new category of Americans: the politically invisible—that is, people who are unreachable using these voter and marketing lists. Matching a high-quality, random sample of the US population to multiple lists reveals that at least 11% of the adult citizenry is unlisted. An additional 12% is mislisted (i.e., not living at their recorded address). These groups are invisible to list-based campaigns and research, making them difficult or impossible to contact. Two in five Blacks and (citizen) Hispanics are unreachable, but only 18% of whites. The unreachable are poorer than the reachable population, have markedly lower levels of political engagement, and are much less likely to report contact with candidates and campaigns. They are heavily Democratic in party identification and vote intention, favoring Obama versus Romney 73 to 27, with only 16% identifying as Republicans. That the politically invisible are more liberal and from historically marginalized groups shows that the turn to list-based campaigning and research could worsen existing biases in the political system.
The role of genetics in fetal programming of adult cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Sánchez-Soriano Carlos , Pearson Ewan R. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDisturbances affecting early development have broad repercussions on the individual’s health during infancy and adulthood. Multiple observational studies throughout the years have shown that alterations of fetal growth are associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risks. However, the genetic component of this association only started to be investigated in the last 40 years, when single genes with distinct effects were investigated. Birth weight (BW), commonly reported as the outcome of developmental growth, has been estimated to be 20% to 60% heritable. Through Genome-Wide Association (GWA) meta-analyses, 190 different loci have been identified being associated with BW, and while many of these loci designate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, with clear ties to fetal development, the role of others is not yet understood. In addition, due to its influence over the intrauterine environment, the maternal genotype also plays an important part in the determination of offspring BW, with the same loci having independent effects of different magnitude or even direction. There is still much to uncover regarding the genetic determinants of BW and the interactions between maternal, offspring, and even paternal genotype. To fully understand these, diverse and novel cohorts from multiple ancestries collecting extensive neonatal phenotype will be needed. This review compiles, chronologically, the main findings in the investigation of the genetics of BW.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Scientific Literature on Meteorological and Air Quality Factors and COVID‐19
Authors: Quintana Amanda V. , Clemons Meredith , Hoevemeyer Krista , Liu Ann , Balbus John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe role of meteorological and air quality factors in moderating the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and severity of COVID‐19 is a critical topic as an opportunity for targeted intervention and relevant public health messaging. Studies conducted in early 2020 suggested that temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and other meteorological factors have an influence on the transmissibility and viral dynamics of COVID‐19. Previous reviews of the literature have found significant heterogeneity in associations but did not examine many factors relating to epidemiological quality of the analyses such as rigor of data collection and statistical analysis, or consideration of potential confounding factors. To provide greater insight into the current state of the literature from an epidemiological standpoint, the authors conducted a rapid descriptive analysis with a strong focus on the characterization of COVID‐19 health outcomes and use of controls for confounding social and demographic variables such as population movement and age. We have found that few studies adequately considered the challenges posed by the use of governmental reporting of laboratory testing as a proxy for disease transmission, including timeliness and consistency. In addition, very few studies attempted to control for confounding factors, including timing and implementation of public health interventions and metrics of population compliance with those interventions. Ongoing research should give greater consideration to the measures used to quantify COVID‐19 transmission and health outcomes as well as how to control for the confounding influences of public health measures and personal behaviors.
Shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography
Authors: Rao D. S. Shreesha , Jensen Mikkel , Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Olsen Jesper Toft , Heiduschka Peter , Kemper Björn , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Glud Martin , Mogensen Mette , Israelsen Niels Møller , Bang Ole 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with an axial resolution of 5.9 μm at a center wavelength of 1370 nm. Current supercontinuum-based SD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum source. To overcome this disadvantage, we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber, pumped by a femtosecond laser. The noise performance of our 90 MHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 MHz repetition rate. We show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast, better sensitivity, and improved penetration. From SD-OCT imaging of skin, retina, and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuum-based SD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.
A multi-ethnic epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte DNA methylation and blood lipids
Authors: Jhun Min-A , Mendelson Michael , Wilson Rory , Gondalia Rahul , Joehanes Roby , Salfati Elias , Zhao Xiaoping , Braun Kim Valeska Emilie , Do Anh Nguyet , Hedman Åsa K. , Zhang Tao , Carnero-Montoro Elena , Shen Jincheng , Bartz Traci M. , Brody Jennifer A. , Montasser May E. , O’Connell Jeff R. , Yao Chen , Xia Rui , Boerwinkle Eric , Grove Megan , Guan Weihua , Liliane Pfeiffer , Singmann Paula , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Meitinger Thomas , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Zhao Wei , Ware Erin B. , Smith Jennifer A. , Dhana Klodian , van Meurs Joyce , Uitterlinden Andre , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Ghanbari Mohsen , Zhi Deugi , Gustafsson Stefan , Lind Lars , Li Shengxu , Sun Dianjianyi , Spector Tim D. , Chen Yii-der Ida , Damcott Coleen , Shuldiner Alan R. , Absher Devin M. , Horvath Steve , Tsao Philip S. , Kardia Sharon , Psaty Bruce M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Bell Jordana T. , Ingelsson Erik , Chen Wei , Dehghan Abbas , Arnett Donna K. , Waldenberger Melanie , Hou Lifang , Whitsel Eric A. , Baccarelli Andrea , Levy Daniel , Fornage Myriam , Irvin Marguerite R. , Assimes Themistocles L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere we examine the association between DNA methylation in circulating leukocytes and blood lipids in a multi-ethnic sample of 16,265 subjects. We identify 148, 35, and 4 novel associations among Europeans, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, and an additional 186 novel associations through a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We observe a high concordance in the direction of effects across racial/ethnic groups, a high correlation of effect sizes between high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, a modest overlap of associations with epigenome-wide association studies of other cardio-metabolic traits, and a largely non-overlap with lipid loci identified to date through genome-wide association studies. Thirty CpGs reached significance in at least 2 racial/ethnic groups including 7 that showed association with the expression of an annotated gene. CpGs annotated to CPT1A showed evidence of being influenced by triglycerides levels. DNA methylation levels of circulating leukocytes show robust and consistent association with blood lipid levels across multiple racial/ethnic groups.