bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu lei , Duan Luanfan , Liu Dongren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Considering that the electric refrigeration temperature range of 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic materials is 100 ~ 140℃, the electric refrigeration performance of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was modified by LiNbO3 doping to reduce the cooling temperature. As a result, the refrigeration temperature range of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was lowered to 25 ~ 80℃, achieving its cooling effect near room temperature, and in this temperature range, the adiabatic temperature changes ∆T > 0.6K.
The association between serum uric acid and controlled attenuation parameter in United States adults without hepatitis B and C: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Mingming , Chen Lihong , Wang Yu , Ma Haijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a kind of widespread popular parameter to evaluate various types of hepatic steatosis by liver ultrasound transient elastography. We investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and CAP without hepatitis B and C virus-infected in the United States adults, data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Methods: The present study was cross-sectional research. 4319 American men and women participants ≥18 years old, without B and C hepatitis, were included in our analysis. There are some measures to evaluate the association between SUA and CAP by multivariate logistic regression analyses, fit smoothing curves, generalized additive models, two-piecewise linear regression model and subgroup analyses.Results: There was a positive association between the value of SUA and CAP by multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjusting for various confounders. Besides, the inflection point of non-linear curve relationship was identified as 4.3 mg/dL, for SUA <4.3 mg/dL, the effect size is 10.6 (P< 0.01); Correspondingly, SUA≥ 4.3 mg/dL, the effect size is 4.3 (P< 0.01).Finally, SUA was positively associated with glycohemoglobin less than 6.5% individuals (β =7.3, P< 0.01) and Fasting glucose less than 7.0 mmol/L individuals (β = 6.8, P< 0.01) in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Our research found the relationship between SUA and CAP is non-linear. Subgroup analysis indicated that the positive association between SUA and CAP were showed in non-diabetic patients but not in diabetic.
Determinants of School Attendance in 6841 Elementary School Students in Japan: a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Nakamura-Thomas Hiromi , Sano Nobuyuki , Maciver Donald 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Managing school nonattendance is a priority worldwide. We aimed to explore students’ feelings and perceptions about attending school and the potential determinants of a positive attitude towards attending school. Methods: We hypothesized that a positive attitude towards attending school was influenced by positive relationships with friends and school teachers, positive perceptions of current circumstances, and positive subjective health. An original questionnaire was developed and distributed in Japan. To capture how children felt about attending school, the item wording was “I am looking forward to going to my school.” To capture positive relationships with friends and school teachers, items were positively worded, including “I get along well with friends” and “school teachers approve of my efforts.” To capture positive perceptions of current circumstances, items were positively worded, including “I am able to prepare for classes by my own” and “I am proud of myself.” For positive subjective health, selected items were “my health status,” “I get tired easily” and “I have anxieties and/or worries.” We analyzed data from 6841 elementary school children in the 5th year in Japan using a structural equation model. We examined the model using the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA).Results: The final model obtained 0.055 for RMSEA, 0.933 for CFI, and 0.923 for TLI. Children’s positive views towards attending school were directly related to positive relationships with friends and school teachers (the path coefficient value was 0.465), positive perception of current circumstances (0.074), and positive subjective health (0.187). Conclusions: This study found that positive relationships with friends and school teachers were significantly and positively associated with children looking forward to attending school. Positive health status and a positive perception of current circumstances were also significant, but the relationship was not as strong.
Contrasting SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Singapore: Cohort studies in migrant workers and the general population
Authors: Clapham Hannah E , Chia Wan Ni , Tan Linda Wei Lin , Kumar Vishakha , Lim Jane M , Shankar Nivedita , Tun Zaw Myo , Zahari Marina , Hsu Li Yang , Sun Louisa J , Wang Linfa , Tam Clarence C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

From January 2020, Singapore implemented comprehensive measures to suppress SARS-CoV-2. Community transmission has been limited, although explosive outbreaks have occurred in migrant worker dormitories. We conducted longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serology studies among 478 residents of a SARS-CoV-2 affected migrant worker dormitory between May and July 2020, and 937 community-dwelling adult Singapore residents with sera collected before September 2019 and in November/December 2020. By end 2020, <2 per 1000 (0.16%, 95% CrI: 0.008% - 0.72%) adult residents in the community were infected with SARS-CoV-2, approximately 4 times higher than the national notified case incidence. In contrast, in the migrant worker cohort, nearly two-thirds 63.8% (95% CrI: 57.9% - 70.3%) had been infected by July 2020; no symptoms were reported in >90% of these infections. SARS-CoV-2 suppression is feasible with rapid implementation of comprehensive control measures. However, the risk of large-scale epidemics in densely-populated environments requires specific consideration in preparedness planning.
Personalized metabolic profile by synergic use of NMR and HRMS
Authors: Petrella Greta , Montesano Camilla , Lentini Sara , Ciufolini Giorgia , Vanni Domitilla , Speziale Roberto , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Summa Vincenzo , Vago Riccardo , Orsatti Laura , Monteagudo Edith , Cicero Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A new strategy that takes advantage of the synergism between NMR and LC-HRMS (SYNHMET), and that allows to obtain a unique list of the absolute concentrations of 164 metabolites in urine, is presented. Metabolite identification and quantification by this method in one of the most difficult biofluids to characterize, due to complexity and variability, is more accurate than what can be obtained using the two techniques separately. This result is achieved without the need for chemical reactions to cross-check the data between the two types of spectra, nor the use of analytical standards and calibration curves. The fact that the absolute rather than relative concentration is obtained allows the final dataset to be used to determine a patient's personalized profile. The number of quantifiable metabolites by the application of this method can be expanded in the future with further analysis. We will illustrate the use of SYNHMET in the study of urine samples from healthy subjects, patients with chronic cystitis and bladder cancer.
Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of symptomatic therapy of patients
Authors: Nikiforova G. N. , Svistushkin V. M. , Zolotova A. V. , Morozova M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Acute respiratory viral infections are widespread in the human population. High contagiosity, a wide variety of pathogens, the possibility of rapid changes in the genotype of the virus and, accordingly,cause the development of drug resistance, make it possible to develop epidemics, and sometimes pandemics of SARS.The clinical picture of all acute respiratory diseases consists of local and general manifestations. Local symptoms include difficulty in nasal breathing, rhinorrhea, pain and discomfort in the throat, cough, hoarseness, stuffy ears, and lacrimation. General manifestations of SARS indicate the onset of viremia, and include an increase in body temperature, general weakness, fatigue, malaise, and headache. The mechanism of SARS development determines the treatment tactics, including etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.Domestic and international clinical recommendations indicate the possible use of symptomatic agents for SARS and influenza.Symptomatic treatment is one of the areas of therapy for patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections and allows you to alleviate the general condition, accelerate recovery and improve the quality of life of patients. The use of combined drugs is safer for patients thenthanmonocomponent drugs, and is safe for patients, in case the instructions for use are strictly observed. Such complex medicines, which provides control of the symptoms of colds and flu within 24 hours, as domestic drug are used for patients with SARS. Due to its components, drughas antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic, angioprotective and vasoconstrictive effects. The synergism of the components of the combined drug allows to increase the effectiveness of therapy of patients with acute respiratory viral infections.
Local anti-inflammatory therapy for osteoarthritis with high comorbidity
Authors: Krasivina I. G. , Dolgova L. N. , Dolgov N. V. 
Published: April 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread disease, the leading symptom of which is pain in the load-bearing joints, and the incidence increases with age. Many patients with OA have several comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gastric and duodenal ulcers. Currently, there are different approaches to the treatment of OA with and without comorbidity. In particular, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for OA with high comorbidity. The literature review discusses the prospects and popularity of the use of local forms of NSAIDs associated with their equal analgesic efficacy relative to oral drugs, but with a smaller number of adverse events. Data on transcutaneous forms of diclofenac are analyzed, which can provide at least oral equivalent analgesia, improved physical function and reduced stiffness in osteoarthritis of the hands and knee joints, while showing fewer systemic adverse events. This feature of topical NSAIDs allows them to be considered as an effective first-line treatment option, especially in elderly patients and those with severe comorbidity. Topical medications containing diclofenac as the main active ingredient are popular among both patients and doctors, and their use has an extensive evidence base. Diclofenac ethylenediamine salt has advantages over sodium salt in its penetrating properties, and the form of an emulsion gel containing a hydrophobic phase that slows down the drying of the substance applied to the skin provides ease of use and improves the consumer properties of agents for local antiinflammatory therapy of osteoarthritis.
Stage stratification of pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Tezikov Yu. V. , Lipatov I. S. , Azamatov A. R. , Zumorina E. M. , Amosov M. S. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Pre-eclampsia (PE) continues to be the leading problem in obstetrics. The existing methods for predicting PE show insufficient efficiency, and therefore the search for new predictors of PE remains relevant.The goal of the study. To develop a method for staged stratification of pregnant women to the risk of PE according on the basis of the revealed dismetabolic features of the pathogenesis of this complication of gestation.Material and methods. A dynamic clinical and laboratory examination of 180 pregnant women with independent factors of high risk of PE was carried out. PE was revealed in 89 women who made up group I. Group II (control) consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women with the physiological gestation.Results and discussion. A statistically significant increase in diabetogenic and atherogenic changes characteristic of physiological pregnancy, changes in hormonal, endothelial-hemostasiological, pro-inflammatory and placental parameters aimed at the energy and plastic supply of the fetus was revealed in women with PE. The results of laboratory examination, statistical data processing showed that the most significant pathogenetic mechanisms of development of PE are pathological insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia (HI), which act as the basic link and initiate atherogenic transformation of the lipid profile, pro-inflammatory and immunometabolic disorders, prothrombotic status, hyperleptinemia, hyperuricemia, antiangiogenic state and endothelial dysfunction, which indicates a pronounced pathogenetic and clinical similarity of PE and metabolic syndrome. The revealed features of the pathogenesis of PE were reflected in the method of staged risk stratification of pregnant women: the models for assessing the individual risk of PE implementation included the levels of insulin, PlGF, PAMG-1, and TNF-α at 11–14 weeks of gestation; levels of insulin, uric acid, TNF-α, and mean platelet volume at 18-21 weeks of gestation (I trimester – AUC = 0.886, Se = 86.7%, Sp = 84.3%; II trimester - AUC = 0.874, Se = 83.3%, Sp = 87.2%, р < 0.001).Conclusion. Practical application of the developed pathogenetically substantiated method of staged stratification of pregnant women by the risk of PE implementation will justify the appointment and enhancement of preventive measures, reduce the incidence of severe and complicated forms of PE, and improve gestational and perinatal outcomes.
The value of toll-like receptors in predicting the activation of latent herpesvirus infection during pregnancy
Authors: Savchenko T. N. , Ozolinya L. A. , Agayeva M. I. , Shmorgunova M. Yu. , Golovko E. D. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Recurrent pregnancy loss is a pathological condition characterized by inevitable miscarriage before 22 weeks of pregnancy or at birth of a fetus below 500 g of weight. The causes of miscarriage are quite diverse, and viral infections, including herpesvirus infection (HVI), is one of the important etiological factors for the development of this pathology. Activation of herpesvirus infection (HVI) has an extremely adverse effect on the course of pregnancy. The issue of the mechanism of reactivation of herpes viruses (HS) and the role of toll-like receptors (TLR) in predicting the activation of latent HVI during pregnancy has been insufficiently studied until the present. The study is aimed at evaluating the possibilities of predicting the activation of latent herpesvirus infection during pregnancy.Materials and methods. A total of 110 pregnant women with different courses of HVI were examined. The examination included the study of the TLR expression level and measurement of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.Results and discussion. Given the high specificity of TLR8 and the interferon system (IFN) against viral antigens, it can be assumed that the activation of TLR and the development of early cytokine reactions prior to the detection of specific antibodies in patients with latent HVI are predictors of advanced herpes infection. The levels of TLR8 expression and concentration of IFN-γ and IL-10 at the local level in patients with latent BBVI can be regarded as predictors of the transition of HBV from the latent phase of the life cycle to the lytic phase.Conclusion. If HVI develops actively during pregnancy, the antiviral immune response cascade that underlie the natural immune response starts at the local level, regardless of the localization of the antigen, and only a breakdown of the compensatory and adaptive mechanisms leads to the implementation of a systemic antiviral immune response. This suggests the important role of HVI, especially of its active forms, in the suppression of immunity during pregnancy.
Comparative characteristics of the options for conservative therapy of chronic tonsillitis of toxic-allergic form I
Authors: Kriukov A. I. , Pal’chun V. T. , Gurov A. V. , Dubovaya T. K. , Ermolaev A. G. , Murzakhanova Z. V. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The high incidence of chronic tonsillitis (CT), as well as the high risk of complications, make research in this area very relevant. The ambiguity of approaches to conservative therapy determines the need to search for new, reasonably effective, chemotherapy regimens.Objective. To carry out a comparative characteristic of various options for conservative therapy of chronic tonsillitis of toxicallergic form (TAF) I degree (CT TAF I).Materials and methods. The study included patients with CT TAF I according to the classification of B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Palchun. The patients were divided into three clinical groups, depending on the therapy. Patients of the first group underwent a course of washing the lacunae of the tonsils with 1% dioxidine solution. Patients of the second group were prescribed antibiotic therapy with a retard form of clarithromycin. Patients of the third group underwent complex treatment – washing the lacunae of the palatine tonsils and simultaneously taking antibiotic therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by comparing the dynamics of changes in complaints, pharyngoscopic symptoms of CT, regional lymph nodes, and laboratory parameters.Results. Complex conservative therapy of CT TAF I provides early relief of patients’ complaints (in 93.2% of patients on the 7th day from the start of treatment), the maximum decrease in the severity of local CT symptoms (up to 1 point on the VAS at the end of treatment, with the exception of the Zak sign — 1.4 points) and the greatest positive dynamics of laboratory parameters.Conclusions. The analysis showed that for patients with CT TAF I, complex therapy, including a course of washing the lacunae of the palatine tonsils with 1% dioxidine solution and simultaneous administration of antibacterial therapy with a retard form of clarithromycin, is the most optimal therapeutic tactic that allows to achieve an earlier and stable reduction in the severity of symptoms HT, patient complaints, as well as the normalization of laboratory parameters.
Pharmacotherapeutic approaches targeting stable angina: simple solutions to complex problems
Authors: Sizova Zh. M. 
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are the leading cause of disability; various registry data show that the annual mortality rate of such patients is 2–3%. This explains the interest of practitioners in the pharmacotherapy of stable forms of coronary artery disease using current progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and treatment compliance. Features of the pathogenesis of CHD in the form of increased myocardial oxygen demand, increased pre- and afterload on the performance of the heart necessitate the prescription of rhythm-reducing drugs such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ivabradine or their combinations, as well as nitric-containing drugs; trimetazidine, ranolazine for the purpose of myocardial cytoprotection. However, the use of hemodynamic drugs (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) does not always effectively relieve the symptoms of angina pectoris, even when used in combination with other drugs. This dictates the need to improve the drug effect on the ischemic myocardium with due account for the hypoxia-induced metabolic dysfunction of cardiac myocytes. In this regard, the use of trimetazidine at the initial stages of ischemia – at the level of metabolic dysfunction does not allow for the development of delayed complications: contractile disfunction of cardiac myocytes and myocardium in general. A wealth of clinical experience has been gained in the use of trimetazidine to treat stable angina pectoris in elderly patients, left ventricular dysfunction and symptoms of chronic heart failure. Drugs with a patient-friendly dosage regimen have been created to improve treatment compliance in patients with coronary artery disease. One of these drugs is once-daily modified release matrix tablets of myocardial cytoprotector Deprenorm OD, 70 mg. The creation of drugs with a patient-friendly dosage regimen will help boost patient compliance to medication and, as a result, reduce the frequency of angina attacks and improve the quality of life in this category of patients.
Heavy metals’ removal from aqueous environments using silica sulfuric acid
Authors: Hosseinahli Nasrin , Hasanov Maherram , Abbasi Maryam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is a growing environmental and health concern associated with contamination by heavy metals. It has also been intensified due to an increase of the exposure to such pollutants as a result of industrial and technological growth. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals in contaminated water to eliminate the associated risks. This study focused on the removal of heavy metal ions using silica sulfuric acid (SSA). A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the effect of different factors on the adsorption by SSA as well as selectivity properties of the adsorbent, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption process. A batch test was used to remove heavy metals from a multi-element solution containing Ni(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II). The results showed that removal rate reached its peak at pH, string time, and adsorbent amount equal to 8, 60 min, and 0.04 g/mL of solution, respectively. The removal efficiency of Ni2+, Cd2+, Mn2+ dropped by increasing the volume of solution and smoothed at 150 mL while the removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ did not vary with the volume. The removal efficiency by SSA was decreased as Pb &gt; &gt;Mn &gt; &gt;Ni ≥ Cu &gt; Cd. In general, SSA successfully removed heavy metals from contaminated water.
Encapsulation of Lipid-based Formulations in Porous Carriers for
Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Tran Phuong H.L. , Tran Thao T.D. 
Published: April 2021

:
Lipid-based formulations have recently been investigated as a promising approach
to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, especially poorly water-soluble drugs.
The encapsulation of lipid-based formulations in porous materials can result in a transformation
of liquids or semisolid forms to solid dosage forms. Moreover, the specific structure
of porous carriers could offer an enhanced ability to load and control active pharmaceutical
ingredients. Although there have been prominent reports on lipid-based formulations
and porous materials as promising technologies for controlled drug release, the overall
methods of encapsulating lipid-based formulations need to be discussed for further formulation
investigations. This review aims to present the key strategies used for producing
porous carriers containing lipid-based formulations. We also discuss methods that enhance
the encapsulation efficiency of loaded drugs within porous structures (instead of
lipid-based formulations). Moreover, the critical factors that affect tablet formation are
outlined. This overview of lipid-based formulations encapsulated within porous materials
provides a summary of the technical methods used in the development of these formulations
and their clinical translation.