bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive force regulates cementoblast migration via downregulation of autophagy
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Huang Yiping , Liu Hao , Zheng Yunfei , Jia Lingfei , Li Weiran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMigration of cementoblasts to resorption lacunae is the foundation for repairing root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Previous studies reported that autophagy was activated by compression in periodontal ligament cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the migration of cementoblasts and determine whether autophagy is involved in the regulation of cementoblast migration under compressive force.MethodsFlow cytometry was employed to examine the apoptosis of murine cementoblasts (OCCM‐30) at different compression times (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours) and magnitudes (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/cm2). Cell proliferation was examined using the CCK‐8 method. Wound healing migration assays and transwell migration assays were performed to compare the migration of cementoblasts. Chloroquine (CQ) and rapamycin were used to inhibit and activate autophagy, respectively. The level of autophagy was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCell apoptosis and proliferation did not significantly change in OCCM‐30 cells under mechanical compression at magnitude of 1.5 g/cm2 for 12 hours. However, the migration of cementoblasts was significantly inhibited after the application of compressive force. MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 mRNA expression was decreased, and MMP9 and MMP13 protein expression and secretion level were also decreased. Further, autophagic activity was inhibited in cementoblasts under compressive force. Treatment with chloroquine reduced the cellular migration, and rapamycin partially relieved the inhibition of cementoblast migration induced by the compressive force. MMP9 and MMP13 mRNA expression, protein expression, and secretion levels showed a similar trend.ConclusionMigration of OCCM‐30 cells was inhibited under compressive force partially dependent on the inhibition of MMPs, which was mediated by downregulation of autophagy. The findings provide new insights into the role of autophagy in biological behaviors of cementoblasts under compressive force and a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing external root resorption.
Unexpected behavior of sodium sulfate observed in experimental freezing and corrosion studies
Authors: Abdelmonem Ahmed , Morelová Nikoleta , Finck Nicolas , Schild Dieter , Lützenkirchen Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reports results from two distinct, originally unrelated studies that show unexpected behavior with respect to sodium sulfate solutions in contact with flat surfaces. On the one hand, we investigated immersion freezing of sulfate containing solutions (target salt was CaSO4 and Na2SO4 was used as one control) in the presence of flat sapphire‐0001 crystals using second‐harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy. Further control experiments were carried out with neat water and CaCl2. The SHG signals from CaSO4 and Na2SO4 solutions behave somewhat differently from those recorded for the two other cases, the neat water and CaCl2. The common pattern shows a decrease of the SHG signal with decreasing temperature down to about −15°C, whereupon the signal sharply drops, indicating freezing. With the Na2SO4 solution, although the signal initially follows closely the neat water curve, the trend increases sharply at about −10°C followed by a gradual decrease with further cooling. There is no plausible explanation for the distinct behavior of the Na2SO4 solution, and thermodynamic calculations do not suggest any precipitation of a sodium sulfate solid phase. At the end of the freeze–thaw cycle, the initial SHG for each system is retrieved, suggesting reversibility. On the other hand, in a separate investigation unrelated to the freezing study, it was repeatedly observed that sodium sulfate precipitates from solution on flat steel surfaces at room temperature. As in the freezing experiments, thermodynamic calculations for the bulk solution solubility of sodium sulfate indicate that precipitates should not be forming under the conditions of the studies. The crystals observed on the steel samples have snowflake shapes similar to one literature report. We conclude that Na2SO4 in the presence of flat surfaces shows unexpected behavior that should incite further detailed studies in the future to elucidate the phenomenon.
Life cycle assessment of animal‐based foods and plant‐based protein‐rich alternatives: an environmental perspective
Authors: Detzel Andreas , Krüger Martina , Busch Mirjam , Blanco‐Gutiérrez Irene , Varela Consuelo , Manners Rhys , Bez Jürgen , Zannini Emanuele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the European Union proteins for food are largely animal based, consisting of meat and dairy products. Almost all soy but also a larger part of pulses and cereals consumed in the European Union are used for animal nutrition. While livestock is an important source of proteins, it also creates substantial environmental impacts. The food and feed system is closely linked to the planetary and health boundaries and a transformation to healthy diets will require substantial dietary shifts towards healthy foods, such as nuts, fruits, vegetables and legumes.RESULTSExtrudated vegetable meat alternatives consisting of protein combined with amaranth or buckwheat flour and a vegetable milk alternative made from lentil proteins were shown to have the potential to generate significantly less environmental impact than their animal‐based counterparts in most of the environmental indicators examined, taking into account both functional units (mass and protein content). The underlying field‐to‐fork life cycle assessment models include several variants for both plant and animal foods. The optimized plant‐based foods show a clear potential for improvement in the environmental footprints.CONCLUSIONSDevelopment of higher processed and therefore higher performing products is crucial for appealing to potential user groups beyond dedicated vegetarians and vegans and ultimately achieving market expansion. The Protein2Food project showed that prototypes made from European‐grown legumes and pseudocereals are a valuable source for high‐quality protein foods, and despite being substantially processed they could help reduce the environmental impact of food consumption. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phytochemicals and quality level of food plants grown in an aquaponics system
Authors: Braglia Roberto , Costa Paolo , Di Marco Gabriele , D'Agostino Alessia , Redi Enrico L , Scuderi Francesco , Gismondi Angelo , Canini Antonella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeyond nutrition, fruits and vegetables can be considered as natural sources of bioactive molecules, for which beneficial effects on human health are widely recognised. To improve food quality, soilless growing systems could represent a good strategy for promoting a sustainable food production chain, although the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of their products should be investigated in depth. The main quality traits and the volatile and non‐volatile secondary metabolites of Solanum lycopersicum L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss and Ocimun basilicum L. grown in an aquaponics system and in organic farming were quantified and compared.RESULTSOn a fresh basis, soil‐grown P. crispum and O. basilicum showed significantly higher total phenolics and antioxidant activity compared to aquaponic crops, whereas, on a dry basis, both plants showed opposite results. Soil‐grown S. lycopersicum was significantly richer in total phenolics, whereas the aquaponic type showed a higher antioxidant activity. Aquaponics induced the accumulation of resveratrol in P. crispum, rosmarinic acid and myricetin in O. basilicum, and lycopene in S. lycopersicum. Among the volatile compounds, in O. basilicum, linalool was the main constituent in both treatments, whereas τ‐cadinol represented the second constituent in aquaponic crops. The volatile profiles of P. crispum did not differ significantly between the two cultivation methods.CONCLUSIONThe overall quality of organic and aquaponics cultures appeared to be comparable. The results showed that aquaponic farming method can be an innovative, rapid and sustainable way of producing quality food. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Analyzing the role of constraints and motivations behind traveling in the prediction of destination choice: Evidence from PLS‐SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Küçükergin Kemal Gürkan , Çalışkan Caner , Dedeoglu Bekir Bora , Birinci Muhammet Cenk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationship among travel constraints, travel motivations, and destination choice via a multi‐method approach. For this purpose, two studies and two analysis tools—PLS‐SEM and fsQCA—were employed to conduct examinations in the context of two different target destinations (France and China). Findings revealed that travel constraints and travel motivations generally influenced destination choice. However, it was found that PLS‐SEM and fsQCA results were not compatible for some relationships. In light of this and further findings, it was observed that the matter of destination choice is complex by nature.
Formation of a Hollow Core in Dendrimers in Solvents
Authors: Markelov Denis A. , Semisalova Anna S. , Mazo Mikhail A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDendrimers are perfect tree‐like radially symmetric macromolecules with regular branching. Due to their architecture, dendrimers possess a set of unique properties, including high penetrating ability and a large number of functionalizable terminal groups. Practical use of dendrimers as delivery agents or nanoreactors in many cases involves a free space in a dendrimer interior. The question about presence of a hollow core (a cavity) inside the dendrimer molecule placed in a solvent attracts interest of researchers since the discovery of dendrimers. This review presents a rigorous discussion on the dendrimer structure in solution. The main objective is to draw attention to the difference in the structure of homopolymer and copolymer dendrimers. Theoretical studies typically consider homopolymer dendrimers (with similar inner and terminal segments), whereas experiments often examine dendrimers with massive terminal groups which chemical structure is different from the structure of the dendrimer inner groups. In the latter case, dendrimer is a copolymer macromolecule, and its conformation can depend on additional factors, such as solvent selectivity, or poor compatibility of terminal and core groups. The influence of these factors can lead to the formation of a region with a lower polymer density inside the dendrimer.
Diagnostic yield of advanced genetic testing in patients with hereditary neuropathies: A retrospective single‐site study
Authors: Felice Kevin J. , Whitaker Charles H. , Khorasanizadeh Sadaf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAdvanced genetic testing including next‐generation sequencing (AGT/NGS) has facilitated DNA testing in the clinical setting and greatly expanded new gene discovery for the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathies and other hereditary neuropathies (CMT/HN). Herein, we report AGT/NGS results, clinical findings, and diagnostic yield in a cohort of CMT/HN patients evaluated at our neuropathy care center.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all patients with suspected CMT/HN who underwent AGT/NGS at the Hospital for Special Care from January 2017 through January 2020. Patients with variants reported as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included for further clinical review.ResultsWe ordered AGT/NGS on 108 patients with suspected CMT/HN. Of these, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17 patients (diagnostic yield, 15.7%), including 6 (35%) with PMP22 duplications; 3 (18%) with MPZ variants; 2 (12%) with MFN2 variants; and 1 each with NEFL, IGHMBP2, GJB1, BSCL2, DNM2, and TTR variants. Diagnostic yield increased to 31.0% for patients with a positive family history.DiscussionAGT/NGS panels can provide specific genetic diagnoses for a subset of patients with CMT/HN disorders, which improves disease and genetic counseling and prepares patients for disease‐focused therapies. Despite these advancements, many patients with known or suspected CMT/HN disorders remain without a specific genetic diagnosis. Continued advancements in genetic testing, such as multiomic technology and better understanding of genotype‐phenotype correlation, will further improve detection rates for patients with suspected CMT/HN disorders.
Optical genome mapping identifies a germline retrotransposon insertion in SMARCB1 in two siblings with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Sabatella Mariangela , Mantere Tuomo , Waanders Esmé , Neveling Kornelia , Mensenkamp Arjen R , van Dijk Freerk , Hehir‐Kwa Jayne Y , Derks Ronnie , Kwint Michael , O'Gorman Luke , Tropa Martins Madalena , Gidding Corrie EM , Lequin Maarten H , Küsters Benno , Wesseling Pieter , Nelen Marcel , Biegel Jacklyn A , Hoischen Alexander , Jongmans Marjolijn C , Kuiper Roland P 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a subset of pediatric cancers, a germline cancer predisposition is highly suspected based on clinical and pathological findings, but genetic evidence is lacking, which hampers genetic counseling and predictive testing in the families involved. We describe a family with two siblings born from healthy parents who were both neonatally diagnosed with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). This rare and aggressive pediatric tumor is associated with biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1, and in 30% of the cases, a predisposing germline mutation is involved. Whereas the tumors of both siblings showed loss of expression of SMARCB1 and acquired homozygosity of the locus, whole exome and whole genome sequencing failed to identify germline or somatic SMARCB1 pathogenic mutations. We therefore hypothesized that the insertion of a pathogenic repeat‐rich structure might hamper its detection, and we performed optical genome mapping (OGM) as an alternative strategy to identify structural variation in this locus. Using this approach, an insertion of ~2.8 kb within intron 2 of SMARCB1 was detected. Long‐range PCR covering this region remained unsuccessful, but PacBio HiFi genome sequencing identified this insertion to be a SINE‐VNTR‐Alu, subfamily E (SVA‐E) retrotransposon element, which was present in a mosaic state in the mother. This SVA‐E insertion disrupts correct splicing of the gene, resulting in loss of a functional allele. This case demonstrates the power of OGM and long‐read sequencing to identify genomic variations in high‐risk cancer‐predisposing genes that are refractory to detection with standard techniques, thereby completing the clinical and molecular diagnosis of such complex cases and greatly improving counseling and surveillance of the families involved. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A clinician survey of use assessment, documentation, and education about cannabis in persons with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Muirhead Corinne A , Palmrose Wendy , Condren Michelle , Rotolo Shannon M. , Pettit Rebecca S. , Gill Mohsain , Phan Hanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo help open the clinician dialogue regarding cannabis use in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States, we aimed to describe current practices of use assessment and documentation processes related to cannabis.MethodsA cross‐sectional, anonymous survey study was distributed via email to CF directors and coordinators and to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) listservs of nurse, pharmacist, dietitian, social worker, and psychology care team members. The survey tool included multiple choice, scaled, and open‐ended items, which assessed participants' awareness of current cannabis laws in their state, prescribing practices for medical marijuana, screening and documentation practices, knowledge of and what indications participants believe cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) could be beneficial. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 282 survey participants, with majority as providers (28%) and social workers (29%), representing all US regions. Participants varied in terms of frequency of evaluating cannabis use, with 15.4% “always,” 48.4% “sometimes,” and 41% “rarely,” or “never” asking about it. Regarding recreational versus medical cannabis use, 55.4% and 62.5% reported documentation of each type in the medical record, respectively. Participants reported appetite, pain, and nausea as the top three advocated indications for use. About 35% and 72% of participants felt “slightly” or “not at all” prepared to answer patient/family questions about cannabis and CBD, respectively.ConclusionsThe approach to cannabis use assessment, documentation, and education across CF care centers is variable. There is a need for care team and patient/caregiver education materials about cannabis/CBD and CF.
Strength of clinical evidence leading to approval of novel cancer medicines in Europe: A systematic review and data synthesis
Authors: Farina Alberto , Moro Federico , Fasslrinner Frederick , Sedghi Annahita , Bromley Miluska , Siepmann Timo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the quality of clinical evidence that substantiated approval of cancer medicines by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the last decade. We performed a systematic review and data synthesis of EMA documents in agreement with PRISMA guidelines. We included the European Public Assessment Reports, Summaries of Product Characteristics, and published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on anti‐cancer drugs approved by EMA from 2010 to 2019, and excluded drugs not indicated for targeting solid or hematological tumors and non‐innovative treatments. We synthesized frequencies of approvals differentiating between unblinded and blinded RCTs with and without overall survival (OS) as a predefined primary outcome measure. We assessed the frequency of post‐approval RCTs for indications without at least one RCT at the time of approval. Of 199 approvals, 159 (80%) were supported by at least one RCT, 63 (32%) by at least one RCT having OS as the primary or co‐primary endpoint, 74 (37%) by at least one blinded RCT, and 30 (15%) by at least one blinded RCT having OS as the primary or co‐primary endpoint. Whereas 40 approvals (20%) were not supported by any RCT and, of those, 9 (22%) were followed by a post‐approval RCT. While the majority of approvals of cancer medicines approved by EMA was supported by at least one RCT, we noted substantial methodological heterogeneity of the studies.Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020206669.
Nowcasting the precipitation phase combining weather radar data, surface observations, and NWP model forecasts
Authors: Casellas Enric , Bech Joan , Veciana Roger , Pineda Nicolau , Miró Josep Ramon , Moré Jordi , Rigo Tomeu , Sairouni Abdel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeavy snowfall events can cause substantial transport disruption and exert a negative socioeconomic impact, particularly in low‐altitude and midlatitude regions, where it seldom snows. Such problems may be exacerbated if there are rapid transitions between different precipitation phases within the same event. Previous studies have addressed this issue using precipitation‐phase nowcasting techniques, often focusing on critical infrastructures such as airports. Very short‐range forecasts are usually based on trends of observations and numerical weather prediction models. Nowcasting schemes considering the precipitation phase generally merge extrapolated surface observations, modelled vertical temperature profiles, and extrapolated weather radar precipitation fields. In this study, a precipitation‐phase nowcasting scheme was developed and evaluated, initially using eight different algorithms to classify precipitation into rain, sleet or snow, together with a probabilistic weather radar data extrapolation technique. In addition, three combinations of the previous algorithms were also evaluated. The nowcasting scheme was applied to a midlatitude region in the Northwestern Mediterranean to assess its performance during eight snowfall events. Single and combined algorithms were compared to determine their suitability in conditions close to freezing point, when there is increased uncertainty about the precipitation phase. The results indicate that, although single and combined algorithms perform similarly, the latter can provide valuable information during event monitoring. Precipitation phase transitions were also analysed, finding that on average they can be forecast correctly with a lead time of 120 min. The proposed methodology can be readily applied to other regions where ground‐based observations, weather radar data, and model forecasts are available.
The digital twin in Industry 4.0: A wide‐angle perspective
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Bortman Jacob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe move towards advanced manufacturing and Industry 4.0 is fed by increased demand for speeding up innovation, increasing flexibility, improving maintenance, and becoming more customized while saving on the total cost of operations. This is accompanied by increased dependence on virtual product and process development, data‐driven processes, and product knowledge. Other characteristics, affecting modern design, include big data intelligence in product, process, and maintenance. New technologies that empower data analytics include added manufacturing, flexible manufacturing, robotics, sensor technology, smart value/supply chains, and industrial information backbones. This paper is about surrogate models, also called digital twins, that provide an important complementary capacity to physical assets. Digital twins capture past, present, and predicted behavior of physical assets. Digital twin models are updated periodically to represent the current state of physical assets. This distinguishes digital twins from conventional simulations in that sensor data can continuously feed them. The type of curated information on the state of physical asset's history depends on how digital twins are used. For example, if a digital twin is used for fault classification, the history captured is operational data from equipment in healthy and faulty states. We provide here a review of digital twins, with an emphasis on Industry 4.0 applications.