bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of wave height variations in the Strait of Hormuz based on numerical modeling
Authors: Ghaderi Danial 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines wave height and direction patterns across various sites along the northern coasts of the Strait of Hormuz (SH), a strategically important waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The study reveals substantial seasonal and spatial variability in wave characteristics. Nine stations, spanning from the western shores of Qeshm Island to the coastal regions near Bandar Abbas, were selected to represent diverse coastal conditions and depths. The results indicate that deeper sites, such as station 3 (st3), experience maximum wave heights reaching up to 1.31 m, while sites near urbanized coasts, such as stations 8 (st8) and 9 (st9), exhibit lower wave heights due to restricted fetch. Wave direction analysis reveals that high waves predominantly approach from the east and southeast, with greater directional variability observed in spring. Seasonal wave height fluctuations are particularly notable, with higher waves typically occurring in spring and summer. These insights have practical applications in enhancing navigational safety, optimizing port operations, and informing sustainable coastal infrastructure design against varying wave forces. Furthermore, understanding these wave patterns is essential for risk assessment in marine activities such as fishing, shipping, and tourism. The innovation of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal variations in wave patterns across the SH, an area of strategic importance. This detailed assessment is vital for effective coastal management, the sustainable development of marine activities, and the preservation of coastal ecosystems.
Left ventricular assessment by 3D-echocardiography in post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Samy Wael , Ellathy Yasmin , Soliman Randa Aly , Zaghla Hanan , Amin Osama 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 is a disease that affects multiple organs and is believed to have an impact on the function of the heart muscle. Initial findings from hospitalized COVID-19 patients indicate the presence of myocardial injury characterized by increased levels of high-sensitive troponin. The causes of myocardial damage are diverse and not completely comprehended.

Methods
A three-dimensional echocardiogram (3DE) accurately measures the volume of the left ventricle (LV) and its function, both globally and regionally. It eliminates the subjective nature of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) when evaluating irregularities in the movement of the LV walls. This study sought to assess the left ventricular systolic function in 150 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and were experiencing post-COVID symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitation, or chest discomfort using 3DE.

Results
Our investigation revealed a notable statistical correlation (p-value of > 0.001) between patients who had post-COVID-19 syndrome and reported enduring symptoms such as shortness of breath, or chest discomfort, and various 3D echocardiographic strain patterns (the mean GLS% in the cases group was − 16.06 ± 4.36, whereas in the control group it was − 17.9 ± 2.57). Subclinical myocardial dysfunction, as shown by a decrease in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), is common in over 85% of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, more commonly observed indicators of left ventricular (LV) function, such as lower ejection fraction (EF) and anomalies in wall motion, were less frequently found.

Conclusion
Our study findings suggest that persons who developed symptoms such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, or chest pain following their recovery from COVID-19 exhibited a reduction in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) as measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Ongoing research is focused on determining the mechanism of heart damage in COVID-19 infection.
On the Design of a Regulatory System
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick A. , Richards Tyler 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We briefly describe the structure of a regulatory system that alleviates many of the problems that arise when elected officials delegate rulemaking authority to government agencies. These problems include principal-agent issues, monopoly provision, information asymmetry, and tragedy of the commons. This structure better aligns the incentives of regulators with those of legislators and with the well-being of the public. We intend the solutions and process structure presented here not to serve as a collection of proposed changes but as guideposts for those hoping to make any part of the regulatory system better attuned to the needs of the populace.
The law of the four poles: legal pluralism and resistance in climate adaptation
Authors: Brink Ebba , Vargas Falla Ana Maria , Boyd Emily 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mounting climate-related floods, fires, droughts and storms across the globe raise crucial questions about the role of law in adjudicating rights and obligations. While climate litigation attracts scholarly attention, vulnerable populations often lack the means to use formal laws and courts. We draw on ethnographic interviews conducted in 2022 in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, to study how residents of informal settlements exposed to flooding resist exclusionary climate adaptation laws. The findings show how formal law has exacerbated differential climate vulnerability, and resulted in “seawalls for the rich, relocation (and stalled adaptation) for the poor.” In this context, residents claim land in risk-zones through a local rule system known as “the law of the four poles.” We argue that by challenging the legality of the state, and creating a rival legal order that better represents locally identified interests and entitlements, they are claiming a political voice in climate adaptation. We advance theory in both climate adaptation and sociology of law and discuss how the law can better reflect not only the science behind climate change but also the interest and needs of marginalized communities.
Digenean life cycle truncation has enabled the opportunistic exploitation of herbivorous fishes
Authors: Huston D.C. , Cutmore S.C. , Cribb T.H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
New, well-known and predicted life cycles for trematodes of the Haploporoidea (Haploporidae and Emprostiotrematidae) and three families of the Lepocreadioidea (Enenteridae, Gorgocephalidae, Gyliauchenidae) involve encystment of the metacercaria in the open (usually on vegetation) followed by ingestion by a range of herbivorous or detritivorous fishes. These life cycles appear among relatively highly derived plagiorchiidan trematodes in which three-host life cycles incorporating an animal second intermediate host are dominant. We hypothesise that the two-host life cycles in the Haploporoidea and Lepocreadioidea arose by secondary truncation of a three-host cycle; the second intermediate host was lost in favour of encystment in the open. Modification of a three-host life cycle effective for the infection of carnivores is consistent with the understanding that fishes arose as carnivores and that multiple lineages have secondarily become detritivores and herbivores. Four of the five trematode families involved infect fishes relating to multiple orders, suggesting a complex history of host-switching. In contrast, the Gorgocephalidae, the smallest of the families, has been found only in a single family, Kyphosidae. The timing of the evolutionary events leading to this putative life cycle truncation is yet to be deduced, but the rich developing understanding of the history of the fishes creates a strong template for future analysis.
A New Dawn for Philosophy? The Case for En Hedu’Anna of Mesopotamia
Authors: Waithe Mary Ellen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article is the text of a Plenary Session lecture presented at the World Congress of Philosophy, Rome, 2024. In it I argue that archaeological evidence shows that the first written philosophy originated not in Greece, India, or China as is commonly believed, but, in Sumer, Mesopotamia, approximately 2600 BCE. The author, En Hedu’Anna, was a woman. I describe four writings by her, distinguish her views from then-prevailing Mesopotamian views about a variety of philosophic concepts and topics. I discuss her contributions to cosmology, scientific method, philosophy of religion, and principles of justice, amongst others. I relate her views on the just treatment of prisoners of war, transgenderism, and other seemingly contemporary philosophical issues. Lastly, I summarize evidence for what today would be called her Curriculum Vitae and her Impact Factor.
Screening For Critical Congenital Heart Disease Using Pulse-Oximetry, The First Egyptian Multicentre Study
Authors: Eltahlawi Mohammad , Elghamrawy Alaa , Elsayed Maiy Hamdy , Hafez Mona , Elmesiry Asmaa , Bayomy Mohamed , Adel Hani , Elfayoumy Mahmoud , Hafez Sahbaa , Morsy Said , Elhady Mahmoud , Nashy Baher , Abo Elela Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Congenital heart Disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulse-oximetry is a good non-invasive simple tool for critical CHD screening. Implications of this tool may be possible in certain areas and non-practical in others. We aim to report on the preliminary results of a recent ongoing protocol concerning the use of pulse-oximetry in detecting critical CHD in newborn in Egypt.

Patients & Methods:
All neonates born in or transferred to 10 university hospitals during the period between February and November 2023 and fulfilled the criteria of inclusion were screened for critical CHD by pulse-oximetry using Granelli protocol in the first 24–72 hours after birth.

Results:
During a 10-month pilot period, a total of 2392 neonates were screened. A total of 549 neonates (23%) tested positive (failed) screening. Among the positive cases, 213 neonates (42%) died during their hospital stay, while the remaining were discharged or scheduled for intervention. The positive cases underwent echocardiography that revealed CHD in the majority of cases (80.3%). Only 40 cases of those cases had cardiac defects that are classified as critical CHD with a prevalence of 16.7 per 1000 live births, while the rest of the cases have either simple (non-critical CHD) or persistent pulmonary hypertension. About 19.7% of positive cases have completely free echocardiograms without cardiac defects.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of critical CHD in Egypt is higher than the mean worldwide prevalence. The introduction of pulse-oximetry as a mass screening tool for critical CHD is possible and effective in low-income countries.
A simple indicator for climate-related transition risks of bank lending
Authors: Bokor László 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a simple indicator for the climate-related transition risks of bank lending based on transaction-level loan data. The underlying idea is that the higher the greenhouse gas intensity of an economic activity, and thus that of the debtor involved, the higher its transition risk. The relationship is mapped through two min-max-normalised functions, each of which represents a scenario for the future characteristics of the green transition. The concept is versatile and applicable to different dimensions at different levels of aggregation (banking system or individual banks, whole economy or specific sectors). As a practical example, we discuss the proposed indicator using Hungarian data for the period 2012–2020.
Climate Warming and Deglaciation Drive New Peat Formation in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Fewster R. E. , Swindles G. T. , Carrivick J. L. , Gałka M. , Roland T. P. , McKeown M. , Sutherland J. L. , Tweed F. , Mullan D. , Graham C. , Gallego‐Sala A. , Morris P. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNascent peatlands represent an emerging, nature‐based carbon sink in the global climate system. A warming climate and changing precipitation regime could drive peat initiation beyond the current latitudinal and altitudinal boundaries of the peatland bioclimatic envelope, through increases in plant productivity and moisture availability, with potential implications for global radiative forcing. However, contemporaneous observations of new peat formation remain scarce. We investigate peat initiation within the deglaciating Rob Roy valley in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand. We find that montane peats have developed across the head of the valley since ∼1949 C.E., coinciding with regional climate warming and glacial retreat. Further, we identify a common ecological succession, characterized by a rise in brown mosses (mainly Bryum) beginning around ∼1963 C.E. Our findings indicate the potential for wider peat expansion in increasingly warm and wet montane landscapes. However, further bioclimatic modeling is required to elucidate where future peatland developments may occur.
Enhancing Sea Ice Concentration Resolution in a Northern Sea Route Strait Using a Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Rocha M. L. , Lynch A. H. , Bergen K. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStraits are strategically and economically vital due to their role as maritime choke points, controlling access to regions and resources. This is particularly pertinent in the Arctic, where navigability along critical shipping routes relies on access through straits that are frequently ice impacted. With the retreat of Arctic sea ice under anthropogenic climate change, scenarios using CMIP6 projections have the potential to provide valuable insights into future maritime accessibility regimes. However, typical climate model spatial resolutions limit the capacity to represent Arctic straits accurately. This study introduces a novel approach, the sea Ice Concentration Enhancement Generative Adversarial Network (ICE‐GAN), to enhance the spatial resolution of sea ice concentration (SIC) in Vilkitsky Strait, a passage along the Northern Sea Route (NSR). By employing the ICE‐GAN model, the spatial resolution is functionally increased from to . The approach is prototyped using ERA5 Reanalysis training data to predict ice cover for 2021 and 2022. The results indicate that the ICE‐GAN method outperforms, across multiple metrics, standard interpolation techniques such as Nearest Neighbor Interpolation and Bilinear Interpolation, both used in maritime accessibility models, as well as the super‐resolution convolutional neural network, the best practice method for super‐resolution in SIC. Importantly, the approach is robust to the non‐stationarity of the sea ice record. Moreover, by incorporating a physics‐informed approach into the ICE‐GAN, the model is able to further improve the accurate representation of sea ice cover in the studied Strait.
BRD1 deficiency affects SREBF1-related lipid metabolism through regulating H3K9ac/H3K9me3 transition to inhibit HCC progression
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Bai Jing , Yuan Hengye , Duan Xiaojun , Yu Lei , Li Yu , Li Kexin , Rile Saqi , Wang Xinran , Wang Haisheng , Liu Pengxia , Yan Jia , Wang Changshan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
BRD1 encodes a protein containing a bromodomain, which is an essential component of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. These complexes play a crucial role in the regulation of gene transcription and the modification of chromatin structures. The aberrant expression of BRD1 is frequently observed across a range of cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, the precise mechanisms through which BRD1 contributes to tumorigenesis, especially in HCC, remain unclear. In our investigation, we have uncovered a novel role for BRD1 as an oncogene implicated the regulation of lipid metabolism in HCC progression. Specifically, the deficiency of BRD1 impedes the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells reducing the accumulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol levels. This effect is mediated through the SREBF1-induced downregulation of SCD1 expression in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the ablation of BRD1 disrupts acetylation level of H3K9, culminating in the subsequent trimethylation of H3K9 (H3K9me3). Notably, the H3K14ac partially colocalizes with H3K9me3 and its methyltransferase SETDB1 to from a double labeling of both H3K14ac and H3K9me3 at the SREBF1 promoter. This double labeling contributes to the creation of a repressive environment, ultimately leading to the downregulation of SREBF1 gene expression in HCC. Furthermore, the combinatorial use of a BRD1 inhibitor and simvastatin augments antitumor efficacy in vivo. Collectively, our findings underscore BRD1 as a critical regulator of SREBF1-associated lipid metabolism and a participant in HCC progression through a distinct epigenetic regulatory mechanism. These discoveries further suggest a promising epigenetic therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC.
The Big Bang of an epidemic: a metapopulation approach to identify the spatiotemporal origin of contagious diseases and their universal spreading pattern
Authors: Babazadeh Maghsoodlo Yazdan , Safaeesirat Amin , Ghanbarnejad Fakhteh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework that governs the evolution of epidemic dynamics, encompassing both intra-population dynamics and inter-population mobility within a meta-population network. By linearizing this dynamical system, we can identify the spatial starting point(s), namely the source(s) and the initiation time of the epidemic, which we refer to as the “Big Bang” of the epidemic. Furthermore, we introduce a novel concept of effective distance to track disease spread within the network. Our analysis reveals that the contagion geometry can be represented as a line with a universal slope, for any disease type (R0) or mobility network configuration. The mathematical derivations presented in this framework are corroborated by empirical data, including observations from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran and the US and the H1N1 outbreak worldwide. Within this framework, to detect the Big Bang of an epidemic we require two types of data: (1) A snapshot of the active infected cases in each subpopulation during the linear phase. (2) A coarse-grained representation of inter-population mobility. Also even with access to only the first type of data, we can still demonstrate the universal contagion geometric pattern. Additionally, we can estimate errors and assess the precision of the estimations. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of when and where epidemics began and how they spread. It equips us with valuable insights for developing effective public health policies and mitigating the impact of infectious diseases on populations worldwide.
Harnessing 3D microarchitecture of pterosaur bone using multi-scale X-ray CT for aerospace material design
Authors: Pili Nathan , Lowe Tristan J. , Margetts Lee , Pickup Kevin , Sellers William I. , Nicholls Emma L. , Withers Philip J. , Manning Phillip L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pterosaurs were the largest animals to have achieved powered flight in the history of life on Earth, possessing wingspans akin to some modern light aircraft. Vertebrate fossils have shown their potential to retain information on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of precursor bone. However, the fossil record is not a traditional source of inspiration for engineers to create palaeo-bioinspired designs. To explore its potential, this study has imaged the three-dimensional porosity of pterosaur bone intending to inspire and improve the mechanical properties of aerospace materials. Historically, two-dimensional histological analysis has resolved fine-scale structures in fossilised bone, which damages the sample. By applying advanced X-ray imaging techniques in this study (using Image Quality Indicators) we show it is possible to non-destructively resolve/verify the microarchitecture of pterosaur bone not previously seen in three dimensions. Pterosaur bone porosity has helped map the macroscopic stresses of this biomaterial but ultimately presents an opportunity to inspire advanced manufactured materials. This microarchitecture of bone offers a unique geometry where self-healing materials with internal monitoring systems can be developed. The iterative process of Darwinian natural selection has evolved multiple engineering solutions that can be reverse engineered to solve challenges facing industry in the 21st Century.
Host-specific targets of Histomonas meleagridis antigens revealed by immunoprecipitation
Authors: de Jesus Ramires Marcelo , Hummel Karin , Hatfaludi Tamas , Hess Michael , Bilic Ivana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite responsible for histomonosis (syn. Blackhead disease, histomoniasis), presents an increasing challenge for poultry health, particularly with the ban of licensed prophylactic and treatment options. Recent studies have explored H. meleagridis proteome, exoproteome, and surfaceome, linking molecular data to virulence and in vitro attenuation. Nevertheless, proteins involved in interactions with hosts remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted immunoproteome analyses to identify key antigens involved in the humoral immune response of the parasite’s main hosts, turkeys and chickens. Immunogenic proteins were isolated via immunoprecipitation using sera from chickens and turkeys that were vaccinated with a single attenuated strain and challenged with virulent strains of the protozoan, respectively. Mass spectrometry identified 155 putative H. meleagridis immunogenic proteins, of which 43 were recognized by sera from both hosts. In silico antigenicity screening (VaxElan) identified 33 pan-reactive antigens, with VaxiDL further highlighting 10 as potential vaccine candidates. Comparative analysis revealed host-specific immune responses, with 16 differential immunogenic proteins in chickens (6 specific to virulent and 10 to attenuated preparations) and 19 unique proteins in turkeys, all associated with virulent strains. These results enhance our understanding of H. meleagridis immunogenic protein dynamics and host-pathogen specificities, supporting the development of improved diagnostic tools and potential protective measures against the infection.
Simultaneous active and reactive power market consideration of uncertainty in wind farms
Authors: Shamani Morteza , Akbari Foroud Asghar , Ahmadi Hamed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs the number of wind turbines increase, those units like others would contribute to active power in a competitive market. Also, with development in power electronics, those units like others are able to produce reactive power and therefore can participate in reactive power market. Meanwhile, high degrees of uncertainty and prediction error are associated with this type of producing units. Due to the relationship between active and reactive power generation, this uncertainty affects both active and reactive power markets and deprives those units of the opportunity to participate in both markets. Therefore, providing an accurate model of participation in the active and reactive power market, considering the existing uncertainty and its related forecasting errors, will help those units to be able to compete with others in the active and reactive power market. In addition, the proposed model should consider the interaction between active and reactive power markets and the conditions for their simultaneous implementation. In addition, the ability of wind units to impose market power is decreased by presenting a new market power index for reactive power generation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by implementing on 24‐node IEEE RTS grid.