bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing neonatal Sequential Organ Failure (nSOFA) scores in suspected late-onset neonatal sepsis among preterm infants: implications for morbidity and mortality
Authors: Kurul Şerife , Reijnierse Joyce J , Koppens Hugo J , Onland Wes , Simons Sinno H P , Reiss Irwin K M , Taal H Rob , Visser Douwe H 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (nSOFA) score is an organ dysfunction score developed for predicting mortality risk in preterm neonates with proven late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) and necrotising enterocolitis. However, the utility of the nSOFA score in determining the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or mortality in patients with suspected LONS is unknown.MethodsWe performed a dual-centre retrospective cohort study of preterm (gestational age <32 weeks) neonates suspected of LONS, from 2016 to 2020 at two neonatal intensive care units. The nSOFA scores (range 0–15) were calculated for each suspected LONS episode at various time points around the sepsis evaluation. A nSOFA burden score was calculated, by counting each time point the nSOFA score was ≥4 during all sepsis episodes (in the time period −6 to 48 hours). The association with 10-day sepsis-related mortality and severe ROP and BPD was assessed.ResultsA total of 1157 episodes of suspected LONS in 706 neonates occurred. The nSOFA was significantly associated with 10-day mortality at various time points. The nSOFA score 6 hours after drawing a blood culture (T6) was associated with 10-day sepsis-related mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.31; 95% CI (1.22 to 1.40; p<0.001)), in a model corrected for gestational age, sex, age at evaluation and gestational age-adjusted birth weight. The nSOFA burden scores were positively associated with the risk for ROP (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.41; p=0.001) and BPD (aOR 1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.50; p<0.001).ConclusionOur findings show that the nSOFA score in preterm neonates suspected of LONS is associated with subsequent mortality, ROP and BPD. Incorporating nSOFA scores may help to identify sepsis survivors at the highest risk of adverse outcomes, who may require more intensive monitoring and adapted therapy.
The Tolman VII space-time in the presence of charge and a cosmological constant
Authors: Ripple James , Agashe Anish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Tolman VII space-time is one of the few physically acceptable exact solutions in general relativity. In this paper, we derive a generalised Tolman VII solution which includes a charge and a cosmological constant. We analyse the spatial geometry of the solution and present conditions for zero and non-zero spatial curvature. We show that for a particular value of the boundary, the Tolman VII space-time can be matched to the charged Nariai space-time. This represents a new class of interior Nariai solutions. Matching with the Reissner–Nordström-de Sitter space-time, we derive analytic expressions for the metric functions and the pressure. Using this, we show that the solution allows for trapped null geodesics for a broad range of values for the total charge, central density, and the cosmological constant. We investigate the physical properties and derive an equation of state for the fluid. We show that the fluid can be considered a polytrope with,

$$\Gamma \sim 2.5$$

Γ
∼
2.5

. Finally, we analyse the sound speed and energy conditions to conclude that only a subclass of the solution follows all the basic physical acceptability criteria.
Leptonic dipole operator with $$\Gamma _2$$ modular invariance in light of Muon $$(g-2)_\mu $$
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Tanimoto Morimitsu , Wang Xing-Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have studied the leptonic EDM and the LFV decays relating with the recent data of anomalous magnetic moment of muon,

$$(g-2)_{\mu }$$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

in the leptonic dipole operator. We have adopted the successful

$$\Gamma _2$$

Γ
2

modular invariant model by Meloni–Parriciatu as the flavor symmetry of leptons. Suppose the anomaly of

$$(g-2)_{\mu }$$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

,

$$\Delta a_{\mu }$$

Δ

a
μ

to be evidence of New Physics (NP), we have related it with the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron

$$\Delta a_e$$

Δ

a
e

, the electron EDM

$$d_e$$

d
e

and the

$$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

decay. We found that the NP contributions to

$$\Delta a_{e(\mu )}$$

Δ

a

e
(
μ
)

are proportional to the lepton masses squared likewise the naive scaling

$$\Delta a_\ell \propto m^2_\ell $$

Δ

a
ℓ

∝

m
ℓ
2

. The experimental constraint of

$$|d_e|$$

|

d
e

|

is much tight compared with the one from the branching ratio

$$\mathcal {B} (\mu \rightarrow e \gamma )$$

B
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

in our framework. Supposing the phase of our model parameter

$$\delta _{\alpha }$$

δ
α

for the electron to be of order one, we have estimated the upper-bound of

$$\mathcal {B}(\mu \rightarrow e \gamma )$$

B
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

, which is at most

$$10^{-21}-10^{-20}$$

10

-
21

-

10

-
20

. If some model parameters are real, leptonic EDMs vanish since the CP phase of the modular form due to modulus

$$\tau $$

τ

does not contribute to the EDM. However, we can obtain

$$\mathcal {B} (\mu \rightarrow e \gamma )\simeq 10^{-13}$$

B

(
μ
→
e
γ
)

≃

10

-
13

with non-vanishing

$$d_e$$

d
e

in a specific case. The imaginary part of a parameter can lead to

$$d_e$$

d
e

in the next-to-leading contribution. The predicted electron EDM is below

$$10^{-32}$$

10

-
32

e cm, while

$$\mathcal {B} (\mu \rightarrow e \gamma )$$

B
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

is close to the experimental upper-bound. The branching ratios of

$$\tau \rightarrow e\gamma $$

τ
→
e
γ

and

$$\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$

τ
→
μ
γ

are also discussed.
Cosmological constant as an integration constant
Authors: Feng Justin C. , Chen Pisin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discrepancy between the observed value of the cosmological constant (CC) and its expected value from quantum field theoretical considerations motivates the search for a theory in which the CC is decoupled from the vacuum energy. In this article, we consider the viability of theories in which the Einstein equations are recovered (without additional constraints) and in which the CC is regarded as an integration constant. These theories include trace-free Einstein gravity, theories constructed from the Codazzi equation (which includes Cotton gravity and a gauge-gravity inspired theory), and conformal Killing gravity. We remark on a recent debate regarding Cotton gravity and find that while the Codazzi equation of that theory is indeed underdetermined, the solutions of the Codazzi equation trivialize to

$$\lambda g_{ab}$$

λ

g

ab

on generic backgrounds, and that in principle, one can close the system with the divergence-free condition and an appropriate choice of initial data. We also propose a full variational principle (full in the sense that variations in all variables are considered) for each of the aforementioned theories that can incorporate the matter sector; in this manner, we can obtain the trace-free Einstein equations without a unimodular constraint. The resulting actions require additional (auxiliary) fields and are therefore only expected to be effective, but they may provide a useful starting point in bottom up approaches to constructing more fundamental theories.
Construction of College Students’ Music Interest Platform Based on Internet+
Authors: Yuan Fang 
Published: December 2024

In the context of the gradual improvement of the degree of personalized development, College Students’ interest in music shows a diversified trend, which makes the construction of relevant music platforms fully consider the actual needs of individual users and recommend resources corresponding to their interests. This paper puts forward the research on the construction of College Students’ music interest platform based on Internet [Formula: see text]. On the premise of analyzing the value proposition of the cultural industry platform model and the emphasis on customer goals under the background of “Internet [Formula: see text]”, this paper designs a platform structure including resource management module, College Students’ user management module, resource recommendation module and resource startup module. The big data technology under the background of “Internet [Formula: see text]” is used to analyze the MIDI audio characteristics and user behavior characteristics of resources. The binary community is used to establish the matching relationship between the two, determine the recommended resources, and introduce the heat parameter to avoid the cold start problem. The test results show that the processing efficiency and response time of the design platform for user behavior and user requests can meet the needs of practical applications, and has high stability. The collection map, Download map and share map of the recommended results of the platform are the best outputs in the test stage.
3D Generating Surfaces in a Quartic Hamiltonian System with Three Degrees of Freedom – I
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Montoya Francisco Gonzalez , Wiggins Stephen 
Published: December 2024

In our earlier research [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2021a , 2021b , 2023a , 2023b , 2024a , 2024b , 2024c ], we developed two new approaches for building up dividing surfaces in the phase space of Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom. These surfaces were derived either from periodic orbits or from 2D or 3D generating surfaces in the phase space. Our previous work extended the realization of these dividing surfaces into more intricate forms, such as tori or cylinders, situated within the constant energy manifold of the Hamiltonian system. In those studies, we utilized the above-mentioned surfaces in the setting of a three-degrees-of-freedom quadratic normal form Hamiltonian system. This series of papers extends our findings to 3D generating surfaces for a three-degrees-of-freedom quartic normal form Hamiltonian system. The focus of this paper is to introduce the first method for constructing 3D generating surfaces.
3D Generating Surfaces in a Quartic Hamiltonian System with Three Degrees of Freedom – II
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Montoya Francisco Gonzalez , Wiggins Stephen 
Published: December 2024

In our previous studies [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2021a , 2021b , 2023a , 2023b , 2024a , 2024b , 2024c ], we presented two methods for building up dividing surfaces based on either periodic orbits or 2D/3D generating surfaces, specifically for Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom. These papers extended these dividing surface constructions to allow for more complex forms, such as tori or cylinders, embedded within the energy surface of the Hamiltonian system. These studies were applied to a quadratic normal form Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom. This series of papers extends our findings to 3D generating surfaces for three degrees of freedom quartic Hamiltonian systems. This paper focuses on the second approach for constructing these 3D generating surfaces.
Principle-Based Standards and Analyst Forecasts: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Ruzhou , Ma Chensong , Wang Xuanli 
Published: December 2024

Synopsis The research problem This paper investigated the impact of principle-based accounting standards on analyst forecasts. Motivation The theoretical and practical debates over whether accounting standards should be more principle-based or rule-based have persisted to this day. Existing research primarily focused on the impact of principle-based standards on managers, auditors, and investors in developed economies. However, whether principle-based standards have played the anticipated positive role in emerging markets with relatively weaker institutional environments—and particularly, how they affect another important participant in financial markets, namely, analysts—is the research gap we wished to further explore. The test hypotheses We tested the following hypotheses: (a) principle-based accounting standards are associated with higher analyst forecast errors; (b) managers’ earnings management incentives and a weak institutional environment exacerbate the negative impact of principle-based standards on analyst forecasts; and (c) analysts’ limited attention and effort aversion exacerbate the negative impact of principle-based standards on analyst forecasts. Target population Financial analysts, accounting standards setting bodies such as IASB and accounting regulators in emerging markets. Adopted methodology We used ordinary least squares regressions, archival data, and textual analysis methods to obtain the initial data. Analyses First, based on firms’ annual reports, we used text analysis methods to construct a firm-level principle-based measurement. Then, we examined the relationship between the degree of a firm’s reliance on principle-based standards and the analyst forecast errors. After obtaining the baseline result, we further discussed the possible mediating effects of accounting information quality and analysts’ subjective mindsets. Finally, we discussed the impact of principle-based standards on other forecasting attributes beyond analyst forecast errors. Findings Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we found that analysts’ forecast errors are larger for firms that rely more on principle-based standards. Based on the “input-processing-output” model, we found that in the input stage, principle-based standards may become a tool for managers to manipulate accounting earnings in firms with stronger earnings management incentives or that are in weaker institutional environments, leading to higher analyst forecast error, with accounting information quality as an important mediator. During processing, analysts’ limited attention and effort aversion exacerbate the adverse impact of principle-based standards on forecast quality, while analysts’ experience can mitigate this effect. For output results, principle-based standards are also associated with higher forecast dispersion, longer forecast lag, and more forecast revisions. Collectively, our research uncovered some dark sides of principle-based standards in weak institutional environments.
PUBLIC CREDIT GUARANTEES AND BANKING SYSTEM: THE ITALIAN CASE DURING COVID-19 EMERGENCY
Authors: BANFI ALBERTO , MARCHESI ALBERTO , PAMPURINI FRANCESCA 
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an in-depth examination of the impact of public support to small and medium Italian enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The country’s banking system was entrusted a key role in implementing extraordinary measures of financial support, such as moratoria and public guarantees. This support prevented the sudden drop in revenues and cash flows — caused by the pandemic and the related severe restrictive measures adopted by the Italian Government — from compromising the liquidity and solvency of a huge number of firms, thus preventing the occurrence of a chain of insolvencies, which would have seriously deteriorated Italian economy. To perform these tasks, Italian banks had to cope with commitments which severely tested their organizational structure, due to a large number of operations and the complexity and urgency these tasks entailed, especially in the first months of the emergency period. The study, in a five-year perspective, analyses — in terms of intensity and pervasiveness — the set of such initiatives, both at the entire Italian banking system level and at the specific cooperative banks level, the latter characterized by greater proximity to potentially more fragile customers. The aim of this work is to verify whether the effectiveness of the Italian banking system in this key role of accomplishing the transmission of economic policy decisions, aimed at promoting and sustaining real economy during a particularly difficult period, can be confirmed.
The impact of an integrated intervention program combining drug therapy with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education on reinfection with intestinal parasitic infections among the Karen hill tribe in northern Thailand
Authors: Nachaiwieng Woottichai , Sanit Sangob , Kongta Nattharinee , Saingamsook Jassada , Duangmano Suwit , Pornprasert Sakorn , Somboon Pradya , Yanola Jintana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major health problem among the Karen hill tribe in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrated intervention program of drug therapy combined with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education on reinfection with IPIs among the Karen hill tribe in an endemic area of northern Thailand.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two Karen villages, involving 691 residents, in Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province; one village was designated as the intervention group and the other as the control group. Baseline information was collected regarding the infections and participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to prevention and control of IPIs. Detection of benzimidazole resistance linked to the beta-tubulin gene mutation in soil-transmitted helminths (STH) was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole was applied to both groups. The intervention group received WASH education, whereas the control group did not. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 6 months.

Results
Baseline data revealed a 36.0% (123/342) prevalence of IPIs in the intervention group and 36.8% (96/261) in the control group. The most common helminth and pathogenic protozoan were Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia, respectively. No non-synonymous mutations in the beta-tubulin gene were found. Post-intervention at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups revealed that the prevalence of IPIs in the intervention group was significantly decreased to 23.6% (P = 0.002) and 23.1% (P = 0.002), and the prevalence of pathogenic IPIs was reduced from 9.4% to 3.9% (P = 0.013) and 2.4% (P = 0.002), respectively. In contrast, no significant changes in the prevalence of IPIs were observed in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in KAP scores, which were significantly higher than those in the control group.

Conclusions
MDA alone is not effective for controlling IPIs among the Karen people due to rapid reinfection related to behavioral factors and socioeconomic conditions. We demonstrated for the first time that integration of WASH education increased KAP scores and consequently significantly reduced IPI reinfection among the Karen hill tribe in northern Thailand.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of ELISA and IFAT for Leishmania infantum by European and Middle Eastern diagnostic laboratories
Authors: Mahachi Kurayi G. , Ozanne Marie , Bourdeau Patrick , Sarquis Juliana , Kontowicz Eric , Solano-Gallego Laia , Cardoso Luis , Oliva Gaetano , Baneth Gad , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Toepp Angela M. , Miró Guadalupe , Carrel Margaret , Petersen Christine A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is the most severe form of human leishmaniosis, with an estimated 95% case fatality if left untreated. Dogs act as peridomestic reservoir hosts for the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, a causative agent for human leishmaniosis, endemic throughout the Mediterranean basin. To assure consistent and accurate surveillance of canine infection and prevent transmission to people, consistent diagnosis of canine L. infantum infection across this region is essential for protecting both human and animal health. Our goal was to compare the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT), performed at seven academic veterinary diagnostic centres across southern Europe and Israel.

Methods
We performed a known sample “ring” trial to compare L. infantum quantitative serological tests. Two hundred seventy-two (n = 272) canine serum samples of known serological status were chosen from these sites, representative of the region. In-house or commercial ELISA and IFAT were performed according to each laboratory’s specifications. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to determine sensitivity and specificity of each test. True and false positives were calculated to determine the probability of identifying samples.

Results
Sensitivity and specificity for ELISA ranged from 95 to 99% and 92% to 97%, respectively, with moderate variability from one site. Sensitivity and specificity for IFAT ranged from 89 to 99% and 83% to 94%, respectively, with increased variability compared to ELISA. Overall test agreement was 78% with a pair-wise agreement between 65 and 89%.

Conclusions
All sites demonstrated substantial comparative diagnostic accuracy, with good agreement based on known seropositive and seronegative samples. Studies and interventional trials that use these tests will remain valid because of high diagnostic agreement between sites.

Graphical Abstract
GIs, a promising innovation for the development of Africa’s food systems? The decisive role of collective actions
Authors: Randrianandrasana Maminiaina , Fournier Stéphane , Linder Mikael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe emergence of geographical indications (GIs) in the Global South, particularly in Africa, has sparked political interest due to their potential as a development tool. GIs are perceived as important innovations within food systems, which lead to changes in how actors coordinate within the sector and the territory. These new forms of coordination can generate positive economic impacts across various scales. Drawing on theories of change, the commons and collective action, this article seeks to highlight the importance of collective actions to these potential economic impacts, as collective action is notably necessary to manage the common resource that is the collective reputation of GIs. The analysis of economic impacts of GIs in in the Global South through literature reviews shows that the institutionalization of the collective reputation management through GIs does not guarantee economic impacts on the one hand, and on the other hand, that it generates mixed economic impacts within the production system, value chain, and territory. The in-depth analysis of the mechanism underlying these economic impacts of GIs, which resulted in modeling an impact pathway of GIs, shows that the success of collective actions (CAs) is fundamental to the realization of the expected impacts. This success is explained by numerous factors, analyzed in the article, that vary depending on the impacts they contribute to. In delving into GIs in in the Global South, various constraints such as the top-down approach in GI implementation that inadequately involves upstream stakeholders in the GI process, and the heterogeneity of actors shaping rules in terms of resources and power, hinder the success of these CAs and consequently the success of GIs.