bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Window-side bed Admission with Delirium Suppression in General wards: A Cohort Study of Older Inpatients
Authors: Aomura Daiki , Yamada Yosuke , Harada Makoto , Hashimoto Koji , Kamijo Yuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Delirium is a serious problem among older inpatients. Windows in intensive care unit wards may reportedly suppress delirium, with some guidelines recommending the assignment of delirious inpatients to window-side beds. However, whether window-side bed placement suppresses delirium in general wards remains unknown. We therefore performed a retrospective cohort study of 1556 patients who were: 1) admitted to internal medicine departments in Shinshu University Hospital, Japan, between 2009 and 2018, 2) older than 75 years, 3) admitted to a multi-patient room in a general ward, and 4) admitted unexpectedly. We compared 495 patients assigned to a window-side bed (window group) with 1061 patients assigned to a non-window-side bed (non-window group). The main outcome was delirium with event (e.g. use of anti-delirium medication or physical restraint) within 14 days after admission, which was recorded in 11.1 and 12.1 patients per thousand person-days in the window and non-window group, respectively. Multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounders including the severity of patient’s illness with Cox regression modeling revealed no remarkable association for the window group with outcome development (adjusted hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–1.34). Thus, admission to a window-side bed may not prevent delirium in older patients admitted to a general ward.
Oral Probiotic Activities and Biosafety of Lactobacillus gasseri HHuMIN D
Authors: Mann Soyon , Park Myeong Soo , Johnston Tony V. , Ji Geun Eog , Hwang Keum Taek , Ku Seockmo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Specific probiotic bacteria may have inhibitory effects against oral pathogens. Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral microorganisms, there are few reports of Lactobacillus spp. being isolated from the oral cavity and tested against oral pathogens. This research aimed to determine the safety and inhibitory impacts of L. gasseri HHuMIN D as a potential oral probiotic with biotherapeutic capabilities against oral pathogens.
Results
The microbial and genetic characteristics of L. gasseri HHuMIN D were evaluated in this research. A 5% dilution of L. gasseri HHuMIN D culture supernatant exhibited 88.8% inhibition against halitosis-producing anaerobic microorganisms and L. gasseri HHuMIN D exhibited powerful inhibitory effects on the growth of every harmful oral bacterium tested. Unfortunately, other oral bacteria affected the growth of L. gasseri HHuMIN D, suggesting a poor proliferative response to most co-cultures. Hydrogen peroxide production by L. gasseri HHuMIN D reached 802 µmol/L after 12 hours and gradually diminished until 24 hours. It efficiently aggregated with P. catoniae and S. sanguinis, and completely supressed S. mutans-manufactured artificial dental plaque. L. gasseri HHuMIN D’s KB cell adhesion capacity was 4.41 cells per cell, and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans diminished strongly in protection and displacement assays. L. gasseri HHuMIN D was evaluated for safety using ammonia and biogenic amine development, hemolytic property and mucin degradation testing, antibiotic susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that L. gasseri HHuMIN D may be a safe, bioactive, lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.
Prebiotic Properties of Bacillus Coagulans MA 13: Production of Galactoside Hydrolyzing Enzymes and Characterization of the Transglycosylation Properties of a GH42 β-Galactosidase
Authors: Aulitto Martina , Andrea Strazzulli , Sansone Ferdinando , Cozzolino Flora , Monti Maria , Moracci Marco , Limauro Danila , Fiorentino Gabriella , Bartolucci Simonetta , Contursi Patrizia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe spore-forming lactic acid bacterium Bacillus coagulans MA-13 has been isolated from canned beans manufacturing and successfully employed for the sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Among lactic acid bacteria, B. coagulans strains are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes devoted to the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and lactose, is of great importance to the food industry. Specifically, α- and β-galactosidases are attractive for their ability to hydrolyze not-digestible galactosides present in the food matrix as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract.ResultsIn this work we have explored the potential of B. coagulans MA-13 as a source of metabolites and enzymes to improve the digestibility and the nutritional value of food. A combination of mass spectrometry analysis with conventional biochemical approaches has been employed to unveil the intra- and extra- cellular glycosyl hydrolase (GH) repertoire of B. coagulans MA-13 under diverse growth conditions. The highest enzymatic activity was detected on β-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and the enzymes responsible for these activities were unambiguously identified as a β-galactosidase (GH42) and α-galactosidase (GH36), respectively. Whilst the former has been found only in the cytosol, the latter is localized also extracellularly. The export of this enzyme may occur through a not yet identified secretion mechanism, since a typical signal peptide is missing in the α-galactosidase sequence. A full biochemical characterization of the recombinant β-galactosidase has been carried out and the ability of this enzyme to perform homo- and hetero-condensation reactions to produce galacto-oligosaccharides, has been demonstrated. ConclusionsProbiotics which are safe for human use and are capable of producing high levels of both α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase are of great importance to the food industry. In this work we have proven the ability of B. coagulans MA-13 to over-produce these two enzymes that are commonly used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, B. coagulans MA-13 can be employed for an eco-friendly production of prebiotics from dairy food waste because of the ability of β-galactosidase to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose.
Development and Psychometric Attributes of a Theory-Based Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for the Pregnant Women (PA2Q-PW)
Authors: Kianfard Leila , SHokravi Farkhonde Amin , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Niknami Shamsaddin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background This study's goal was to design and validate questionnaires for using to distinguish PEN-3 cultural model determinant factors of exercise in pregnant women. A questionnaire of physical activity theory-based was performed in 400 pregnant women with the first pregnancy. The validation of questionnaire design was used to develop the measures, including validity, reliability, and factor analysis by correlating scores to be an exercise of pregnant women during pregnancy. MethodsThe perception scale contained two factors: Knowledge and attitudes The Nurtures scale contained one element: Support was sought. The Enabling level included one element: barriers. Coefficients of reliability ranged from within 0.99. Among the four scores, significant correlations were achieved in this study. Four scales to measure PEN-3 cultural model determinants factors of being active during pregnancy were reformed for utilization with country, mostly Tehran-Iran, pregnant women, and shown to be validity and reliability. ResultsFactor analysis resulted in interpretable subclass that may be used as variables. These preliminary results provide support; for using the scales to measure the influences on pregnant women's physical activity. ConclusionsThe Physical Activity Questionnaire for pregnant women Patients (PA2Q-PW) is the first instrument that uses the PEN-3 cultural model within its constructs. The results indicated that PA2Q-PW is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing physical activity perceptions and is now existing and can be used in future studies.
Short Trends and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk&nbsp;
Authors: yang li , hu shiyun , xu xiaoling , huang yanying , xuan cheng , yu caiyan , zheng pinpin , yan jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that some risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with and contribute to the development of all cause of dementia. Our aim was to examine the short trends and associated factors of cognitive impairment among a eastern Chinese population at high risk of CVD. Methods: We used a convenience sampling strategy to select 7 subdistricts in Zhejiang province, which was a part of China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) project. Participants in 2018 (n=3089) and in 2020 (n=3082) at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province with registry for the PEACE Project. Participants completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations including of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) tests. Age-, gender- standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the sixth population census for population of China. Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations between the risk for all-cause dementia. Trial registration number was NCT02536456.Results: There was an increase prevalence of dementia and MCI among the individuals at high risk of CVD between 2018 and 2020. It showed that older age, lower education levels, having a medical history of hypertension, stroke and diabetes, having the family history of hypertension, heavy drinking, depression, and obesity were associated with dementia, while female might be a protective factor for dementia.Conclusion: More population-based strategies should be focusing on modifiable risk factors of dementia, such as CVD risk factors.
Protocol for a Systematic Review of Outcomes From Microsurgical Free Tissue Transfer Performed on Short-term Surgical Missions in Low-income and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Berker Henry Tobias de , Čebron Urška , Bradley Daniel , Patel Vinod , Berhane Meklit , Almas Fernando , Walton Gary , Eshete Mekonen , McGurk Mark , Martin Dominique , Honeyman Calum 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: In many units around the world, microsurgical free tissue transfer represents the gold standard for reconstruction of significant soft tissue defects following cancer, trauma or infection. However, many reconstructive units in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not yet have access to the resources, infrastructure or training required to perform any microsurgical procedures. Long-term international collaborations have been formed with annual short-term reconstructive missions conducting microsurgery. In the first instance, these provide reconstructive surgery to those who need it. In the longer-term, they offer an opportunity for teaching and the development of sustainable local services.Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed. A comprehensive, predetermined search strategy will be applied to the MEDLINE and Embase electronic databases from inception to December 2020. All clinical studies presenting sufficient data on free tissue transfer performed on short-term surgical missions (STSMs) in LMICs will be eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes are rate of free flap failure, rate of emergency return to theatre for free flap salvage and successful salvage rate. The secondary outcomes include postoperative complications and any functional or patient reported outcome measures. Screening of studies, data extraction and assessments of study quality and bias will be conducted by two authors. Individual study quality will be assessed according to the Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Scales of Evidence 2, and risk of bias using either the ‘Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials’ (Rob2), or the ‘Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions’ (ROBINS-I) tools. Overall strength of evidence will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.Discussion: To-date the outcomes of microsurgical procedures performed on STSMs to LMICs are largely unknown. Improved education, funding and allocation of resources are needed to support surgeons in LMICs to perform free tissue transfer. STSMs provide a vehicle for sustainable collaboration and training. Disseminating microsurgical skills could improve the care received by patients living with reconstructive pathology in LMICs, but this is poorly established. This study sets out a robust protocol for a systematic review designed to critically analyse outcomes. Systematic review registration: Submitted to PROSPERO (15/12/20 ID: 225613)
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Surgery for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma With Arterial Resection&nbsp;
Authors: Rebelo Artur , Ukkat Jörg , Klose Johannes , Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Kleeff Jörg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: With the advances in multimodality treatment in the recent years, an analysis of the outcome of vascular resections in surgery of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the currently available evidence on outcomes of patients undergoing arterial resection for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods: A systematic literature search from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, ClinicalTrials.gov (clinical trials registry) and WHO ICTRP (clinical trials registry,) databases will be carried out. PRISMA guidelines will be followed. Pre-defined outcomes are mortality (100-day and in-hospital), morbidity (Clavien-Dindo classification, any type of complication, surgical and medical), vascular complications (thrombosis of the portal vein or hepatic artery, stenosis of these vessels, and pseudoaneurysms), liver failure, postoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, reoperation rate, length of hospital stay, survival time, actuarial survival (2-, 3- and 5-year survival), R0/R1/R2 resection rates, proportion of patients with no resection during surgery, rate of histologic arterial invasion and lymph node positivity (number of positive lymph nodes and lymph node ratio). Discussion: Our findings will enable us to present the current evidence on feasibility, safety and oncological effectiveness of surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with arterial resection. These data will support healthcare professionals in their clinical decision-making.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO ID 223396
Biotransformation of Pharmaceuticals by Comamonas and Aeromonas Species
Authors: Sajid Atika , Yahya Saira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Contamination of natural niches with pharmaceutical residues has emerged out as a serious concern. Disposal of untreated effluents from the pharmaceutical, hospital, and domestic settings has been identified as a significant source of such a massive spread of antibiotics. The unnecessary persistence of pharmaceutical residues including antibiotics has been related to the increased risk of resistance selection among pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. To date, several methods have been devised to eliminate such pollutants from wastewater, but their implication on larger scales is not feasible due to complexities and high costs of the processes, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial strains from domestic and pharmaceutical effluents having biotransformation potential towards most persistent antibiotics. Results: Antibiotic resistance screening and MIC determination experiments indicated highest resistivity of three bacterial isolates against two antibiotics Erythromycin and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, evincing extensive usage of these antibiotics in our healthcare settings. These isolates were identified as Comamonas jiangduensis, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila by 16S rDNA sequencing. Growth conditions including incubation temperature, initial pH and inoculum size were optimized for these strains. Successful biotransformation of Erythromycin and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was achieved within 92 h under optimum growth conditions. Conclusions: Aeromonas and Comononas species were found to be potent degraders of antibiotics tested, presenting these strains as potential candidates to be utilized in the remediation processes.
Detection of Begomovirus in Chilli and Tomato Plants Using Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Authors: Lavanya. R and Arun. V
Authors: Ramesh Lavanya , Viswanathan Arun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Begomoviruses are a major class of Geminiviruses that affects most dicotyledonous plants and causes heavy economic losses to farmers. Early detection of begomovirus is essential to control the spread of the disease and prevent loss. Many available detection methods like ELISA, immunosorbent electron microscopy, PCR or qPCR require expertise in handling sophisticated instruments, complex data interpretation and costlier chemicals, enzymes or antibodies. Hence there is a need for a simpler detection method, here we report the development of a visual detection method based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP probe assay). The assay was able to detect upto 500 ag/𝜇l of begomoviral DNA (pTZCCPp3, a clone carrying partial coat protein gene) suspended in MilliQ water. Screening of chilli plants for begomoviral infection by PCR (Deng primers) and AuNP assay showed that AuNP assay (77.7%) was better than PCR (49.4%). The AuNP assay with clccpi1 probe was able to detect begomoviral infection in chilli, tomato, common bean, green gram and black gram plants which proved the utility and versatility of the AuNP assay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by testing with total DNA from different plants that are not affected by begomoviruses.
Comparison of Digital Subtraction Angiography Combined Arterial Thrombectomy Versus Simple Arterial Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Song Bin , Wang Xin , Zhu Yunfeng , Huang Yiming , Huang Weibin , Zhu Yongbin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) combined arterial thrombectomy versus simple arterial thrombectomy in the treatment of acute lower limb ischemia (ALI). Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected the clinical data from 125 patients (129 affected lower limbs) with ALI who underwent emergency surgery from March 2010 to November 2019. Patients were consecutively divided into Group A and Group B. Patients in Group A underwent simple arterial thrombectomy via the Fogarty catheterization. Patients in Group B underwent arterial thrombectomy, and the DSA was performed during the surgery. The differences in the success rate of primary surgery, the second intervention rate, and the amputation/mortality rate within 30-d after surgery were compared. Results: In Group A, 4 of 70 limbs (5.7%) were amputated, 54 of 70 limbs (77.1%) had improved blood flow, 14 of 70 limbs (20.0%) received a second intervention, and 3 of 68 patients (4.4%) died within 30 d. In Group B, 1 of 59 limbs (1.7%) was amputated, 56 of 59 limbs (94.9%) had improved blood flow, 3 of 59 limbs (5.1%) received a second intervention, and 2 of 57 patients (3.5%) died within 30-d. The success rate of primary surgery, the second intervention rate, and the amputation rate of Group B were significantly lower than Group A (P<0.05). Conclusion: Arterial thrombectomy combined with DSA may effectively improve the clinical efficacy of patients with ALI.
Critical Appraisal on the Selection Criteria for Evidence-based Healthcare
Authors: Mayer Paulo Cesar Morales , Gonçalves Caroline Amélia , Porzsolt Franz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence-Based healthcare deals basically with published clinical trials to guide the decision making on what treatment to use for any specific conditions.Aims: The present paper assessed the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in clinical trials of cervical cancer aiming at establishing a clear distinction between each criterion.Methods: We performed a bibliographical search in pubmed with the terms cervical cancer and treatment or therapy filtered for clinical trials with human subjects for the last ten years. A total of 30 papers were used extracting and classifying the inclusion and exclusion category according to the characteristic they described. Results: We found no clear parameter to establish which criteria could exclusively serve as inclusion or exclusion across the papers, about 56% of the categories identified were found either listed as inclusion or exclusion criteria or even as both in some cases.Conclusions: The key issue of selection criteria is not in its form but in its function, the first point to consider is if the trial is experimental (focused on efficacy and proof of principle) or observational (pragmatic trials, focused on effectiveness and real world conditions). We suggest, inclusion criteria should be broad, focused on the investigated condition; exclusion criteria should apply only to the subset of this “included” population, and do not take part in observational studies. These conclusions do not serve only for researchers but should affect practitioners and policy makers to correctly compare the results of investigated treatment.
A Fundamental Mechanism of Solar Eruption Initiation
Authors: Jiang Chaowei , Feng Xueshang , Liu Rui , Yan Xiaoli , Hu Qiang , Moore Ronald , Duan Aiying , Cui Jun , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi , Wei Fengsi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solar eruptions are spectacular magnetic explosions in the Sun's corona and how they are initiated remains unclear. Prevailing theories often rely on special magnetic topologies which, however, may not generally exist in the pre-eruption source region of corona. Here using fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with high accuracy, we show that solar eruption can be initiated in a single bipolar configuration with no additional special topology. Through photospheric shearing motion alone, an electric current sheet forms in the highly sheared core field of the magnetic arcade during its quasi-static evolution. Once magnetic reconnection sets in, the whole arcade is expelled impulsively, forming a fast-expanding twisted flux rope with a highly turbulent reconnecting region underneath. The simplicity and efficacy of this scenario argue strongly for its fundamental importance in the initiation of solar eruptions.