bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Hundred Children and Adolescents Consulting General Practice With Musculoskeletal Pain.
Authors: Pourbordbari Negar , Jensen Martin Bach , Olesen Jens Lykkegaard , Holden Sinead , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEach year, 8% of all child and adolescent consultations in general practice are due to musculoskeletal conditions, with pain as the most frequent symptom. Despite the commonality of musculoskeletal pain, limited knowledge exists about care-seeking children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of children and adolescents consulting their general practitioner with musculoskeletal pain.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study based on the baseline data from the child and adolescent musculoskeletal (ChiBPS) pain cohort study, carried out in 17 Danish general practice clinics. Patients aged 8-19 years with musculoskeletal pain complaints when consulting their GP completed a questionnaire on demographics, physical activity, pain impact, psychosocial factors, and expectations of their general practitioner. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Normally distributed continuous data are described using mean and standard deviations while non-normally data are described using median and interquartile range. ResultsWe included 100 participants (54% female, median age 13 [12-16] years). The most frequent activity limiting pain regions were knee (56%), back (20%), ankle (19%), and neck (13%). The majority (63%) consulted their general practitioner because they were not able to use their body as usual due to pain. At time of consultation the median pain duration was 5 months [3 weeks-1 year]. Above a third were often or sometimes nervous (34%), worried or anxious (33%), and took pain medication when in pain (33%). Pain made it difficult to participate in sport activities at school (79%) and disturbed spare time activities (88%). Pain made it difficult to concentrate (58%) and to fall asleep (38%) and only 38% expected a pain free long-term future.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the bio-psycho-social impact of musculoskeletal pain in care-seeking children and adolescents. Demographics, pain characteristics, psychosocial characteristics, and physical characteristics should be included in addressing children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain.Trial registrationThe ChiBPS study where the participants in this study are from, was pre-registered before recruitment (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03678922) date: 09.20.18.
RETRACTED: Development of a Systematic Course On Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) for Orthodontic Residency Program
Authors: Tang Ziwei , Gao Yanzi , Chen Yiyin , Pu Lingling , Liu Lu , Li Xiaolong , Jian Fan , Wang Yan , Lai Wenli , Long Hu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effect of Lanthanum Substrates on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Selenide Thin Films Designed for 5G Technologies
Authors: Qasrawi Atef , Ghannam Arwa N. Abu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, copper selenide thin films coated onto glass and transparent lanthanum substrates are studied. The (glass, La)/CuSe thin films which are prepared by the thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum pressure of 10− 5 mbar are structurally, morphologically, optically, dielectrically and electrically characterized. Lanthanum substrates improved the crystallinity by increasing the crystallite size and decreasing both of the microstrains and defect density of copper selenide. La substrates redshifts the energy band gap and doubled the dielectric constant values. In addition, employing Drude-Lorentz approaches for optical conduction to fit the dielectric constant provided information about the effects of La substrates on the drift mobility, plasmon frequency, free carrier density and scattering times at femtosecond level. The drift mobility increased and the plasmon frequency range is modified when La substrates are used. Verifying impedance spectroscopy test in the microwave frequency domain have shown that the La(gate)/CuSe/Ag (source) transistors can be employed as band pass filter suitable for 5G technologies. The microwave cutoff frequency reached ~ 5.0 GHz at a notch frequency of 2.80 GHz of the La/CuSe/Ag highpass filters.
Structurally Integrated Properties of Random, Uni-Directional, and Bi-Directional Freeze-Dried Cellulose/Chitosan Aerogels
Authors: Chaudary Aneeba , Patoary Mohammed Kayes , Zhang Meiling , Chudhary Tayba , Farooq Amjad , Liu Lifang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aerogels as a thermally insulating material have attracted extensive consideration in recent years due to prevailing energy consumption in building, industrial sector, and aerospace applications. Cellulose contains all the favorable properties to be used as a thermally resistant substance but due to structural instability, it needs to be impregnated with other resilient substances. We report herein the preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/chitosan (CS) isotropic and anisotropic composite aerogels (CCSA) by employing three different: random, uni-directional, and bi-directional freezing techniques, ensuing freeze-drying process to investigate the structural modification effect on the thermal and mechanical properties. Aerogels behaved distinctively along different axis due to holding entirely eccentric porous micro-orientation along lateral (perpendicular to ice growth) and axial (parallel to ice growth) directions. Randomly frozen aerogels (r-CCSA) contained uneven porous networks because of random ice crystal formation within the microstructure and resulted in isotropic characteristics with thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.038Wm-1K-1 in both axial and radial direction. whereas unidirectional frozen aerogels (u-CCSA) exhibited anisotropic microstructure and performance with lamellas in axial and honeycombed in radial direction resulting in λ value of 0.040 Wm-1K-1 and 0.034 Wm-1K-1 respectively. Similarly, the controlled temperature gradient during the preparation of bidirectional aerogels (b-CCSA) presented an anisotropic sheet-like microstructure and resulted in ultra-low thermal conductivity along the axial and radial geometry with λ of 0.33 Wm-1K-1 and 0.027 Wm-1K-1 respectively because of the Knudsen effect. CCSA reported in this work resulted in ultra-low density (5 to 16 mgcm-3), high porosity (~99.6%), and robustness mechanically with an endurance of 60% strain. Such a composite bio-mass aerogel preparation method will offer a clear insight into the adoption of the right methodology according to target practical applications with consideration of environmental safety.
ProteinUnet2 for Fast Protein Secondary Structure Prediction: A Step Towards Proper Evaluation
Authors: Stapor Katarzyna , Kotowski Krzysztof , Smolarczyk Tomasz , Roterman Irena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The importance of protein secondary structure (SS) prediction is widely known, its solution enables learning about the role of a protein in organisms. As the experimental methods are expensive and sometimes impossible, many SS predictors, mainly based on different machine learning methods have been proposed for many years. SS prediction as the imbalanced classification problem should not be judged by the commonly used Q3/Q8 metrics. Moreover, as the benchmark datasets are not random samples, the classical statistical null hypothesis testing based on the Neyman-Pearson approach is not appropriate. Also, the state-of-the-art predictors have usually relatively long prediction times.Results: We present a new deep network ProteinUnet2 for SS prediction which is based on U-Net convolutional architecture. We also propose a new statistical methodology for prediction performance assessment based on the significance from Fisher-Pitman permutation tests accompanied by practical significance measured by Cohen’s effect size. Through an extensive evaluation study, we report the performance of ProteinUnet2 in comparison with two state-of-the-art methods SAINT and SPOT-1D on benchmark datasets TEST2016, TEST2018, and CASP12. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ProteinUnet2 has much shorter prediction times while maintaining (or outperforming) the mentioned predictors. We strongly believe that our proposed statistical methodology will be adopted and used (and even expanded) by the research community.
Symptoms of Depression Change With Olfactory Functions
Authors: Sabiniewicz Agnieszka , Hoffman Leonie , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Olfactory loss is associated with symptoms of depression. The present study, conducted on a large cohort of mostly dysosmic patients, aimed to investigate whether improvement in olfactory performance would correspond with a decrease in depression severity and, if so, to what extent. In 171 participants, we assessed olfactory function and severity of depression before and after an average interval of 11 months, with many patients improving in function. Separate analyses were conducted for a) the whole group of patients and b) the group of dysosmic patients in both classic and Bayesian ways. Student t-test demonstrates that the whole sample improved consistently, especially within the group of dysosmic patients in terms of odor identification, and the dysosmic group also improved in terms of odor threshold and olfactory functions in general. Pearson correlation showed that the increase in olfactory functions corresponded with the decrease in depression severity, particularly in dysosmic patients. To conclude, the present study results indicate that symptoms of depression change with olfactory functions in general and odor identification in particular.
Evidence for an FMR1 mRNA Gain-Of-Function Toxicity Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Fragile-X Associated Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Rosario Roseanne , Stewart Hazel , Choudhury Nila Roy , Michlewski Gracjan , Charlet-Berguerand Nicolas , Anderson Richard (A) 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fragile X-associated premature ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) is caused by expansion of a CGG repeat sequence located in the 5’ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Women with FXPOI have a depleted ovarian reserve, resulting in amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and loss of fertility before the age of 40. FXPOI is caused by CGG sequence expansions to lengths between 55 and 200 repeats, known as a FMRI premutation, however the mechanism by which the premutation drives disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Two main hypotheses exist, which describe an mRNA toxic gain-of-function mechanism or that repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation results in the production of an abnormal protein, called FMRpolyG. We have developed an in vitro granulosa cell model of the FMR1 premutation by ectopically expressing CGG-repeat RNA and FMRpolyG protein. We show that expanded CGG-repeat RNA accumulated in intranuclear RNA structures, and these aggregates were able to cause significant granulosa cell death independent of FMRpolyG expression. Furthermore, using an innovative RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry-based approach we have identified proteins that bind CGG-repeat RNA in granulosa cells in vitro, and thus may be deregulated as consequence of this interaction. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the contribution of an mRNA gain-of-function mechanism to FXPOI disease biology.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by microRNA profiling of the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Farr Ryan , Rootes Christina , Stenos John , Foo Chwan Hong , Cowled Christopher , Stewart Cameron 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Host biomarkers are increasingly being considered as tools for improved COVID-19 detection and prognosis. We recently profiled circulating host-encoded microRNA (miRNAs) during SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing a signature that classified COVID-19 cases with 99.9% accuracy. Here we sought to develop a signature suited for clinical application by analyzing specimens collected using minimally invasive procedures. Eight miRNAs displayed altered expression in anterior nasal tissues from COVID-19 patients, with miR-142-3p, a negative regulator of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, the most strongly upregulated. Supervised machine learning analysis revealed that a three-miRNA signature (miR-30c-2-3p, miR-628-3p and miR-93-5p) independently classifies COVID-19 cases with 100 % accuracy. This study further defines the host miRNA response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifies candidate biomarkers for improved COVID-19 detection.
Dual Hyaluronic Acid and Folic Acid Targeting pH-Sensitive Multifunctional 2DG@DCA@MgO-Nano-Core-Shell-Radiosensitizer for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Askar Mostafa A. , Thabet Noura Magdy , El-sayyad Gharieb S. , El-Batal Ahmed I. , kodous Mohamed abd El , Kawamura Go , Matsuda Atsunori , Shawi Omama E. El , Helal Hamed , Abdel-Rafei Mohamed Khairy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, breast cancer (BC) poses a serious public health risk. The disease exhibits a complex heterogeneous etiology and is associated with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolic reprograming pathways which fuel proliferation and progression. Due to the late manifestation of symptoms, rigorous treatment regimens are required following diagnosis. Existing treatments are limited by a lack of specificity, systemic toxicity, temporary remission, and radio-resistance in BC. In this study, we developed CD44 and folate receptor-targeting multi-functional dual drug-loaded nanoparticles (DDM). These contained a hyaluronic acid (HA) and folic acid (FA) conjugated to a dichloroacetate (DCA) shell linked to a 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) and magnesium oxide (MgO) core to enhance localized chemo-radiotherapy for effective BC treatment.Methods: The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including stability, selectivity, release in response to pH, cellular uptake, and anticancer efficacy were comprehensively examined. Mechanistically, we identified multiple component signal pathways as important regulators of BC metabolism and mediators of inhibitory effects toward DDM.Results: Nanoparticles exhibited sustained DDM release properties in bio-relevant media, which was responsive to acidic pH providing ﬂexibility to the control of drug release from nanoparticles. DDM-loaded and HA-FA-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited increased selectivity and uptake by BC cells. Cells study indicated that functionalized DDM significantly suppressed cancer cell growth and radiotherapy (RT) improvement via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis enhancement, and modulation of glycolysis and OXPHOS pathways.Conclusions: By highlighting DDM mechanisms as an antitumor and radio-sensitizing reagent, our analysis also revealed glycolysis and OXPHOS modulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB/VEGFlow and P53high signal pathways. In conclusion, we indicated that multi-functionalized DDM depletion-mediated metabolic reprogramming via multiple signal pathways in BC cells is a promising targeted metabolic therapy.
Effect of Deploying Biomedical Equipment Technician on the Functionality of Medical Equipment in the Government Hospitals of Rural Nepal
Authors: Thapa Rita , Yih Alison , Chauhan Ashish , Poudel Salomi , Singh Sagar , Shrestha Suresh , Tamang Suresh , Shrestha Rishav , Rajbhandari Ruma 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Medical equipment plays a crucial role in the provision of quality healthcare services, despite this more than 50% of equipment in developing countries are non-functioning due to a lack of appropriate human resources to maintain. To address this problem some government hospitals of Nepal have deployed a mid-level technical cadre called 'Biomedical Equipment Technician' (BMET). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deploying a BMET on the functionality of medical equipment in government hospitals of rural Nepal.Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach with a comparative research design. A comprehensive range of 2189 pieces of medical equipment at 22 hospitals with and without BMET were observed to assess their functional status. Medical equipment were stratified into 6 categories based on department and T-tests were conducted. We collected qualitative data from 9 BMETs, 22 medical superintendents, and 22 health staff using semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions. Thematic content analysis was conducted to explore how the BMET's work was perceived.Findings: The quantity of non-functional devices in hospitals without BMETs was double that of hospitals with BMETs (14% and 7% respectively, p<0.005). Results were similar across all departments including General (16% versus 3%, p=0.056), Lab (15% versus 7%, p<0.005) and Operation Theater (14% versus 5%, p<0.005). Hospitals with BMETs had fewer overall non-functional devices requiring simple or advanced repair compared to hospitals without BMETs [3% versus 7% (p<0.005) simple; 4% versus 6% (p < 0.005) advanced]. In our qualitative analysis, we found that BMETs were highly appreciated by hospital staff. Hospital workers perceived that having a BMET on staff, rather than twice-yearly visits from central-level maintenance technicians, is an effective way to keep medical equipment functional. However, without a favorable working environment, the BMET alone cannot perform optimally. Conclusions: Having a BMET at a rural government hospital has a substantial positive effect on the functional status of medical devices at the hospital. BMETs should be deployed at all rural hospitals to increase the functionality of medical devices, thereby improving the working environment and quality of health services provided.
ALPN-101 (Acazicolcept) a Dual ICOS/CD28 Antagonist, Demonstrates Efficacy in Systemic Sclerosis Preclinical Mouse Models
Authors: Orvain Cindy , Cauvet Anne , Prudent Alexis , Guignabert Christophe , Thuillet Raphaël , Ottaviani Mina , Tu Ly , Duhalde Fanny , Nicco Carole , Batteux Frédéric , Avouac Jérôme , Wang NinXin , Seaberg Michelle A. , Dillon Stacey R. , Allanore Yannick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUncontrolled immune response with T cell activation has a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a disorder that is characterised by generalized fibrosis affecting particularly the lungs and skin. Co-stimulatory molecules are key players during immune activation, and recent evidence supports a role of CD28 and ICOS in the development of fibrosis. We herein investigated the efficacy of ALPN-101 (acazicolcept), a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist, in two complementary SSc-related mouse models recapitulating skin fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. MethodsExpression of circulating soluble ICOS and skin-expressed ICOS was investigated in SSc patients. Thereafter, ALPN-101 was evaluated in the hypochlorous acid (HOCL)-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model and in the Fra-2 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. In each model, mice received 400 µg of ALPN-101 or a molar-matched dose of an Fc control protein twice a week for six weeks. After six weeks, skin and lung were evaluated.Results ICOS was significantly increased in the sera from SSc patients and in SSc skin biopsies as compared to samples from healthy controls. Similar body weight changes were observed between Fc Control and ALPN-101 groups in both HOCL and Fra-2 Tg mice suggesting a good tolerance of ALPN-101 treatment. In mice challenged with HOCL, ALPN-101 induced a significant decrease in dermal thickness, collagen content, myofibroblast number and inflammatory infiltrates characterized by B cells, T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. In the Fra-2 Tg mouse model, ALPN-101 treatment reduced lung collagen content, fibrillar collagen, histological fibrosis score, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). A reduction in frequency of CD4+ and T effector memory cells and an increase in the percentage of CD4+ T naïve cells in spleen and lung of ALPN-101-treated Fra-2 Tg mice was observed as compared to Fc control-treated Fra-2 Tg mice. Moreover, ALPN-101 reduced CD69 and PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells from the spleen and the lung. Target engagement by ALPN-101 was demonstrated by blockade of CD28 and ICOS detection by flow cytometry in treated mice. Conclusions Our results confirm the importance of co-stimulatory molecules in inflammatory-driven fibrosis. Our data highlight a key role of ICOS and CD28 in SSc. Using complementary models, we demonstrated that dual ICOS/CD28 blockade by ALPN-101 decreased dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and alleviated pulmonary hypertension. These results pave the way for subsequent research on ICOS/CD28-targeted therapies.
Widespread global concern over harm from drinking water
Authors: Young Sera , Miller Joshua , Staddon Chad , Salzberg Aaron , Lucks Julius , de Bruin Wändi Bruine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Poor drinking water quality is a global crisis that affects billions of individuals. Understanding who is most impacted is necessary to develop programs that ensure sustainable, reliable, and resilient access to safe water. But current water indicators do not capture people’s experienced and anticipated harm from drinking water, which means we have had limited understanding of how individuals conceptualize, navigate, and are affected by their water environment. Here, we analyzed data from nationally representative surveys undertaken in 142 countries in which people reported their recent experiences and future expectations of harm from drinking water. Prevalence of reported harm from drinking water in the prior two years was 14.5% (range: 0.8%–54.3%). More than half of the world’s population (54.4%) anticipated that they would experience serious harm from their drinking water in the next two years. Greater public sector corruption was associated with greater anticipated harm from drinking water, even when adjusting for indicators of water infrastructure and economic development. Disparities in anticipated harm across countries and by gender and household location indicate that targeted policies are required to address risk perceptions, equitably improve access to safe drinking water, and increase trust in institutions that supply and regulate water services. The addition of experiential survey data to global data collection efforts will complement objective water quality data and provide novel insights about which strategies will most effectively advance progress toward safe drinking water for all.
Tumor Remnant After Silicone Implant en Block Capsulectomy: The Magnetic Resonance Role
Authors: Fleury Eduardo Faria Castro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in surgeries to treat silicone implants complications. These procedures are generally related to diseased fibrous capsules, whose most common clinical manifestation is capsular contracture. Other frequently found presentations are intracapsular collection and local inflammatory signs. The causes of these complications are not well established. Some reports associate them with the implant texture, gel bleeding, silicone-induced granuloma, and infectious processes. Although rare, there is an association with malignant neoplasia in the literature, where Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is the most severe complication. Patients often do not perform a Magnetic Resonance (MRI) scan for the explant surgical programming.The accuracy of MRI to assess fibrous capsule tumor remnants depends on the surgical time. The ideal time for the evaluation is up to 72 hours after the surgical time when the repair tissue starts to appear. Up to 2-3 weeks after surgery, MRI can provide information regarding the presence of a residual tumor. After this period, the presence of scar tissue impairs the analysis. This short report discusses the role of MRI in the evaluation of residual fibrous capsules in the postoperative period.