bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of velocity and water cut on water distribution in elbows of petroleum pipelines
Authors: Lin Nan , Meng Tao , Zhou Shaokun , Luo Yanlong , Wang Haitao , Du Jianmei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As one of the main energy sources, petroleum and natural gas are widely used around the world. Safety of the transportation causes more attentions recently. Currently, since some oil wells are in the late period of the production, water pre-injection is often used to rise the well pressure. Thus, the water cut is usually high in oil gathering pipelines. The inner wall of pipelines without coating would be corroded by contacting with the mixed corrosive medium and water during the long-term running, which may even lead to leakage accidents. Researches about flow pattern of oil-water multiphase flow pipes are mainly about straight pipelines, but few about elbows. In this work, water distributions in elbows of gathering pipelines were studied according to the experimental results and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. The water deposited when the fluid velocity was low enough and the water cut is high. According to the simulation results and experimental results, an oil-water phase inversion curve was obtained to be guidance for water distribution analysis in elbows.
Flexible electrochromic supercapacitor based on multifunctional hydrogel
Authors: Xu Wen-Wen , Zhao Shi-Qing , Chen Cheng , Liu Yan-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The world is facing serious environmental problems such as global warming, air pollution, rising energy extraction costs, and declining oil and gas production capacity, scientists are paying more and more attention to environmental protection, saving resources, and developing clean energy. In recent years, electrochromic supercapacitors have cleverly combined the two characteristics of electrochromism and energy storage, so they have received more and more attention and have broad application prospects in the fields of smart windows and smart displays. In this paper, a three-layer electrochromic supercapacitor based on the multifunctional hydrogel is proposed. It consists of the silver conductive film made of silver nanowires, Polymer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) film and the multifunctional hydrogel based on lithium chloride and acrylamide. The single-layer hydrogel layer has both good conductivity and high ion mobility, replacing the ion conducting layer and ion storage layer in traditional devices, simplifying the device architecture, thereby greatly reducing production costs. The silver conductive film made of silver nanowires has the advantages of simple manufacturing process and high conductivity. PEDOT:PSS is a material with good electrochromic and capacitive activity. The device has a contrast ratio of 35 % at a wavelength of 650 nm at a voltage of -1.8 V, and the area capacitance can reach 0.58 mF/cm2 at a low scan rate of 0.1 V / s. We believe that this novel electrochromic supercapacitor will have huge potential applications in smart electronic products and smart windows.
Numerical investigation of thermo hydraulic characteristics of monoblock module of EAST divertor
Authors: Cheng Desheng , Wang Weihua , shi Bo , Deng Haifei , Lu Wei , Wang Shenhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Engineering design of divertor is one of the most important topics in nuclear fusion research. The primary problem in the design of divertor is to discharge the large amount of energy from high-energy plasma particles to ensure that the operation of fusion devices can be safe and stable for a long time. Based on the temperature of the divertor target plate measured in a discharge of the EAST experimental device, we carry out numerical simulations to examine the thermal and hydraulic performance of the Monoblock module. The ANSYS software is used for the simulations on the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon of a simplified model. The ANSYS parallel module and 30 CPUs are used for parallel computing, and periodic temperature pulses are loaded on the top surface of a tungsten divertor tile to investigate the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of Monoblock module. We find the pattern in which the distributions of temperature and heat flux change over time. The maximum temperature mainly depends on the peak heat flux of high-energy particles and the duration of pulses, The temperature of the interface of each component and of coolant outlet are all related to the density of discharge pulse and the duration of discharge, and the temperature of the interface of each component will reach to an equilibrium under the condition of stable discharge heat flow. The results provide support for the structural design of a stable EAST divertor.
Structure and ionic conductivity of gel polymer electrolytes based on PVDF/P(AMPS-TFEMA) blend membranes
Authors: Zang Ru-Yi , Qiu Guang-Ming , Zhang Yan-Li , Wang Hai-Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The copolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) was performed to synthesize the random copolymer P (AMPS-TFEMA). This polymer was blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare the new blend membranes containing sulfonate. The blend membranes were activated with 1 M LiPF6 solution to prepare gel polymer electrolytes. The thermal properties, morphology, mechanical properties, uptake electrolyte, and electrochemical properties of blend membranes were characterized. The effect of polymer on the membrane structure and performance was studied. At room temperature, the gel polymer electrolyte conductivity of P(AMPS-TFEMA) 30 wt% was up to 2.6 mS cm-1(uptake electrolyte 550%, swelling ratio less than 10%), and the electrochemical window was up to 4 V, which were acceptable for lithium ion batteries( LIBs).
System Development of Making an Image Map Based on Google Earth
Authors: Lei Rongzhi , Yang Weifang , Yang Shuwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the advent of the information age, the establishment of high-precision, low-cost digital image maps are increasingly more important for surveying and mapping engineering, land management, forestry, and marine monitoring. Combining real remote sensing imagery with computer science and technology to produce an intuitive and clear digital image map has become a trend in the development of GIS systems today, but professional image data is expensive to purchase, resulting in greatly improving system development cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method based on Google Earth and GIS technology to develop a system for application.
The system mainly includes geographic information collection (according to remote sensing image acquisition), geographic information storage and management (using database technology) and digital map production three Module. The key technologies of the system are the establishment of regional geographic model, attribute data management, the establishment of information database and information query and analysis.
The system can provide digital image maps with high efficiency and low production, and establish the database to realize the timely exchange and sharing of geographic data. Compared with the traditional drawing method, the system reduces the cost of development, and improves the authenticity, intuitiveness and practicability of the GIS system; and compared with MapInfo and ArcView, the system is easier to operate and to draw efficiently without professional image data. The digital image map made by the system can save a lot of manpower, material and financial resources after the actual production, which improve the work efficiency and reduce work intensity, and also provide theoretical and technical guidance for the current surveying curriculum teaching.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Melilotoides ruthenica: Structural Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis in Leguminosae
Authors: Yan Weihong , Shi Wengui , Tian Qingsong , Li Zhiyong , Gao Haijuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Melilotoides ruthenica is used for herbage with high nutrition and anti-drought. Complete chloroplast genomes are employed for the relationship analysis of phylogeny within plant families. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to exhibit the sequence of complete chloroplast of M. ruthenica. The genome is constituted by a circular molecule (130,149 base pairs (bp)) which contained only one copy of inverted repeat sequence. The genome encodes 116 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (73.28%), 26 tRNA genes (22.41%), and 5 rRNA genes (4.31%), respectively. 113 genes are single copy and 3 genes (psaA, ndhK, and ccsA) have double copies that are duplicated in the cp genome. The coding capacity of protein-coding genes of totally 17,455 codons was represented in the M. ruthenica cp genome. Among these codons, 776 encoding for isoleucine and 48 for cysteine are the most and the least amino acids, respectively. The M. ruthenica cp genome has 12 intron-containing genes and the gene rps12 is trans-splicing in the cp genome. High codon usage was observed for phenylalanine and leucine. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. ruthenica and Medicago truncatula have close relationship with Vicia Sativa, Lens Calinaris and Lathyrus Tingitanus. Our results help to develop the chloroplast molecular biology and provide data information for the study of genetic breeding of M. ruthenica.
Develop an Ecological Chain Based Strategy for Leisure Agricultural Tourism
Authors: Meng Tiexin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of China’s tourism industry, the mode of tourism development has undergone profound changes. In particular, within the context of China’s vigorous implementation of the “Rural Revitalization Plan”, more and more attention has been focused on promoting the development of leisure agricultural tourism. At present, there are still many weak links in developing leisure agricultural tourism in many parts of the country. Especially, the construction of ecological system is far from perfect. From the perspective of ecological chain, the development of leisure agricultural tourism is studied and analyzed in depth. Based on analysis of necessities of leisure agricultural tourism development supported by ecological chain, prominent problems currently affecting the development of leisure agricultural tourism are analyzed, and corresponding measures are proposed.
Effect of γ - polyglutamic Acid on Available Phosphorus in Soil with Phosphate Rock Powder
Authors: Xue Yanan , Zhang Wenhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of γ - polyglutamic acid on the activation of phosphorus in aeolian sandy soil was studied by soil culture in the laboratory. The results showed that compared with the control group (phosphate rock powder group), the net increase of available phosphorus content in soil of phosphate rock powder and γ - polyglutamic acid treatment group was as high as 36.15%, which suggesting that γ - polyglutamic acid increased the content of available phosphorus in soil.
Driven by the Market: African American Literature after Urban Fiction
Authors: Nishikawa Kinohi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Kenneth W. Warren’s What Was African American Literature? (2011) compelled literary historians to question deeply held assumptions about periodization and racial authorship. While critics have taken issue with Warren aligning African American literature with Jim Crow segregation, none has examined his account of what came after this conjuncture: namely, the market’s wholesale cooptation of Black writing. By following the career of African American popular novelist Omar Tyree, this essay shows how corporate publishers in the 1990s and 2000s redefined African American literature as a sales category, one that combined a steady stream of recognized authors with a mad dash for amateur talent. Tyree had been part of the first wave of self-published authors to be picked up by major New York houses. However, as soon as he was made to conform to the industry’s demands, Tyree was eclipsed by Black women writers who developed the hard-boiled romance genre known as urban fiction. As Tyree saw his literary fortunes fade, corporate publishing became increasingly reliant on Black book entrepreneurs to sustain the category of African American literature, thereby turning racial authorship into a vehicle for realizing profits.
Simultaneous Mastopexy Explantation With a Vertical Bipedicle and Novel Open Pattern Marking Technique
Authors: Hirsch Elliot M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

There are limited studies in the plastic surgery literature that detail technical considerations in simultaneous breast implant removal and mastopexy procedures. These procedures are difficult, with significant potential for complications and poor cosmesis. The current plastic surgery literature describes a limited number of techniques that address these concerns, virtually all of which are variants of superior or superior medial pedicle vertical pattern mastopexy. This paper details a safe technique for simultaneous explantation and mastopexy with a novel open marking pattern and vertical bipedicle, which can restore breast cosmesis following implant removal. The study will briefly retrospectively review the results of a consecutive series of 86 patients who underwent this procedure from November 2018 to November 2019, with no incidence of partial or total nipple-areola complex necrosis. Thus, the technique is safe and allows the flexibility for intraoperative adjustments that are necessary for these procedures. A future study will conduct a more in-depth analysis of the results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Hierarchical mixed-model expedites genome-wide longitudinal association analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Song Yuxin , Gao Jin , Zhang Hengyu , Yang Ning , Yang Runqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hierarchical random regression model (Hi-RRM) was extended into a genome-wide association analysis for longitudinal data, which significantly reduced the dimensionality of repeated measurements. The Hi-RRM first modeled the phenotypic trajectory of each individual using a RRM and then associated phenotypic regressions with genetic markers using a multivariate mixed model (mvLMM). By spectral decomposition of genomic relationship and regression covariance matrices, the mvLMM was transformed into a multiple linear regression, which improved computing efficiency while implementing mvLMM associations in efficient mixed-model association expedited (EMMAX). Compared with the existing RRM-based association analyses, the statistical utility of Hi-RRM was demonstrated by simulation experiments. The method proposed here was also applied to find the quantitative trait nucleotides controlling the growth pattern of egg weights in poultry data.
Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that theSaccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must
Authors: Li Runze , Deed Rebecca C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10–18°C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on Chr. VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5°C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidates ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5°C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on Chr. XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.
Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai , Danon Roey , Schiff Miriam , Shelef Leah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The present study examined personality, situational and organizational predictors of burnout during COVID-19 in a military setting, based on the salutogenic theory of health (Antonovsky, 1987).

Method
Questionnaires were completed by 116 reserve Israeli Home Front Command medical staff (71% males). Background variables (e.g., gender), personality variables (self-efficacy and sense of coherence - SOC), situational variables (state-anxiety, self-rated health and sense of threat) and organizational variables (satisfaction with military’s and government’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis) were measured as predictors of burnout.

Results
Females had higher levels of state anxiety and burnout compared to males. Females also reported a lower level of satisfaction with the military’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis than males. SOC and state anxiety were the only statistically significant predictors of burnout after controlling for sociodemographic variables. The entire model explained 59.4% of the burnout variance.

Conclusion
In accordance with salutogenic theory, SOC is associated with active adaptation through use of generalized and specific resistance resources to avoid burnout in a stressful milieu. Psychological support, psychoeducation and simulation training are offered to increase manageability in crisis situations.

Limitations
Following a large dropout rate due to being quarantined, the final sample size was much smaller than planned. Also, although previous longitudinal studies have found SOC to be a causal factor in burnout, the present cross-sectional design limits such conclusions.
Birth Control Access and Selection among Youths Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Review
Authors: Aparicio Elizabeth M , Kachingwe Olivia N , Fleishman Jamie , Novick Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYouths experiencing homelessness (YEH) become pregnant at five times the general population rate. Education, social, and health care systems struggle to adequately address this young community’s sexual and reproductive health needs, yet social workers are well positioned across sectors to address their sexual and reproductive health and well-being. A growing body of literature exists on the factors affecting YEH’s access and selection of birth control, prompting the present review that aimed to understand this process and inform better attuned sexual and reproductive health approaches. Using a systematic search and analytic approach, we retrieved 203 articles, of which 23 met inclusion criteria. Key findings emerged across socioecological levels, including barriers and facilitators to condom use; the differential impact on YEH of hormonal birth control side effects; and the devastating effects of economic insecurity leading to sexual exploitation, survival sex, and exposure to violence. Implications include the need for multilevel intervention that addresses youths’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior as well the need to improve social norms and system design to provide better attuned care for YEH.
Exploring multi-stakeholder perceptions of practice-related facilitators to optimising the quality of integration of regulated pharmacy technicians in community pharmacy in Ontario: a qualitative study
Authors: Jetha Maryam , Man Kenneth K C , Abdulla Dalya , Austin Zubin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate multi-stakeholder perceptions of practice-related facilitators to optimising the quality of Regulated Pharmacy Technician (RPT) integration into the community workforce in Ontario. Facilitators to incorporating technicians into the workflow and supporting their optimal scope of practice were explored.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory study comprising a series of one-to-one interviews using a piloted, semi-structured interview guide was conducted with four community pharmacy stakeholder groups; pharmacists, RPTs, pharmacy assistants and pharmacy owners. Interviews were conducted until saturation of themes. Verbatim transcripts were coded inductively using the software, NVivo v12 (QSR International) and general inductive analysis identified key findings.

Key findings
Twenty-seven interviews were conducted consisting of seven pharmacists, seven RPTs, eight assistants and five pharmacy owners working within community pharmacy and/or academia or hospital. All participants from every stakeholder group acknowledged that the promise of regulation of pharmacy technicians was unfulfilled in practice. Three major themes of practical significance were derived: (i) A viable business plan that incorporates RPT remuneration and ensures sustainability is a facilitator to fuller integration of RPTs, (ii) Planning the pharmacy workflow to support RPTs’ and pharmacists’ evolving scopes is a facilitator to RPT integration and (iii) Schedule planning to incorporate RPTs and appropriate staffing ratios in relation to prescription volume and pharmacy services allows for optimal utilisation of RPT skills and facilitates their integration.

Conclusions
Achieving integration of RPTs into the business of a community pharmacy has educational, workplace and regulatory implications, requiring the effective engagement of all stakeholders in pharmacy.
Invasive plant rhizome production and competitiveness vary based on neighbor identity
Authors: Smith Alyssa Laney , Atwater Daniel Z , Kim Wonjae , Haak David C , Barney Jacob N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Within-species genetic and phenotypic variation have well-known effects on evolutionary processes, but less is known about how within-species variation may influence community-level processes. Ecologically meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, such as agriculture and species invasion, because human actions can cause strong selection pressures.

Methods
In a greenhouse study, we explored intraspecific (30 accessions) and ecotypic variation (representing agricultural and nonagricultural habitats) in biomass and rhizome production in response to inter- and intraspecific competition and soil fertility of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), a widespread invasive species and agricultural weed.

Important Findings
Contrary to our expectations and previous results, we did not find variation in biomass production among Johnsongrass ecotypes at this early life stage. However, we did find that Johnsongrass biomass varied substantially depending on competitor identity, soil fertility treatments and among accessions. Rhizomes were 11% larger in the agricultural ecotype and up to 3-fold larger in fertilized treatment; while rhizome biomass increased by ~50% when fertilized, but did not differ among ecotypes. Interestingly, in competition, Johnsongrass produced 32% less biomass and 20% less rhizome mass with a conspecific than when competing interspecifically with corn. Our results indicate species-specific competitive responses and changes in rhizome allocation in response to neighbor identity; suggesting the possibility of adaptation by Johnsongrass to shift allocation under competition.