bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the undertheorized role of organizational power as political power in theories of the state
Authors: Prechel Harland 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCritics express concerns over the theoretical pluralism in theories of the state and state power. This paper explores how organizational theories can provide more focus to theories of the state and state power thereby increasing their explanatory power. After summarizing concerns raised by political sociologists over pluralism in theories of the state and state power, the analysis focuses on existing theories of the state that employ concepts from organizational theory to understand the organizational state and its relationship to society. Particular attention is given to the state as a resource extraction and distribution mechanism, the resource dependent relationships among organizational entities inside and outside the state, and the power relations between states and organizations in their environment. This focus brings greater attention to the how groups, corporations, industries, and class fractions exercise power through organizations to influence the policy formation process.
Beyond high and low: Obstacles and opportunities associated with conceptualizing middle power and other middle‐range effects
Authors: Anicich Eric M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearchers disproportionately develop and test research questions aimed at understanding the effects of extreme—compared to intermediate or fluctuating—positions and states. Commonly applied theoretical frameworks and methodological tools reflect and serve to perpetuate this binary focus on extreme effects. Here, I attempt to lay the foundation for researchers to more rigorously and consistently study middle‐range effects in the psychological sciences in general and in the social power literature in particular. In proposing three different conceptualizations of “middle power,”—power fluctuation, power tension, and medium power—I identify theoretical and methodological obstacles and opportunities related to studying middle power. Overall, I argue that the landscape between a construct's poles is neither vacuous nor hypothetical space. Rather, it is potentially fertile, yet largely unharvested, scholarly terrain. Simply put, the middle matters, and deserves greater attention.
The Emotional Foundations of Political Support: How Fear and Anger Affect Trust in the Government in Times of the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Erhardt Julian , Freitag Markus , Filsinger Maximilian , Wamsler Steffen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCrises like the current coronavirus pandemic evoke negative emotions in the general public. To date, however, little research has been conducted on the influence of these mental states on trust in the government – the uncontested key player in times of crises. Drawing on the appraisal and affective intelligence theories of emotions, we argue that fear and anger as the two crucial negative emotions in times of crises have divergent effects on trust in the government: Whereas fear leads to a rally‐‘round‐the‐flag effect increasing trust in the government, anger attributes blame for the adverse circumstances to the government. We present empirical evidence for our arguments with an original three‐wave online panel survey of 1’600 Swiss residents during the unprecedented times of the coronavirus pandemic. Our analysis provides empirical support for our arguments and further shows that the relationship is strongest for right‐wing respondents.
Did Covid‐19 Kill Trump Politically? The Pandemic and Voting in the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Clarke Harold , Stewart Marianne C. , Ho Karl 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis article investigates the impact of public reactions to the Covid‐19 panemic on voting for former President Donald Trump in the 2020 American presidential election.MethodsThe impact of the pandemic on voting is assessed by multivariate statistical analyses of representative national survey data gathered before and after the 2020 presidential election.ResultsAnalyses show that voters reacted very negatively to Trump's handling of the pandemic. Controlling for several other relevant factors, these reactions affected voting for Trump and exerted a significant impact on the election outcome.ConclusionBefore the onset of Covid‐19 Trump had a very narrow path to victory in 2020, and the pandemic did much to ensure his defeat.
Metrological assessment of multi‐sensor camera technology for spatially‐resolved ultra‐high‐speed imaging of transient high strain‐rate deformation processes
Authors: Vinel Adrien , Seghir Rian , Berthe Julien , Portemont Gérald , Réthoré Julien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work proposes a metrological route for capturing spatially‐resolved ultra‐high‐speed kinematic full‐field data from high strain‐rate experiments and multi‐sensor camera technology. This paper focuses, from an application point of view, on highly resolved rotating mirror cameras, such as the Cordin‐580. This camera allows 78 frames of 8 megapixels to be recorded at up to 4 million frames per second (fps). The optical apparatus induces distortions that need to be taken into consideration. Distortions are modelled with Zernike polynomials and recovered using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) with a tailored synthetic speckle pattern. Effective displacements can then be quantitatively obtained with subpixel precision. After an assessment of the calibrated camera performance, this methodology is used to record, at 480,000 fps, the fracture of a pre‐notched sample subjected to an inertial impact test. The kinematic fields obtained quantitatively captured the events occurring during the test, such as the compression wave and the induced Poisson effect, the Mode‐I crack initiation and the shear strain concentration at the notch tip. The achievement of a DIC displacement and strain random error of, respectively, 5 μm (0.15 pixels) and 2 mm m−1, combined with a high spatio‐temporal sampling, provides a promising way for quantitatively analysing very fast transient and heterogeneous phenomena.
A retrospective analysis of 11 dogs with surface osteosarcoma
Authors: Cook Matthew R. , Lorbach Joshua , Husbands Brian D. , Kisseberth William C. , Samuels Sarah , Silveira Catrina , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Wouda Raelene , Keepman Samuel , Oblak Michelle L. , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the majority of canine osteosarcomas (OSA) arise from the medullary cavity, a subset arises from the surface of bone. In humans, surface OSA often has a more indolent disease course with better outcomes than medullary OSA. The aim of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the clinical outcome and potential prognostic factors of dogs with surface OSA. Medical records from 11 dogs previously diagnosed with surface OSA were included. Histopathology of cases was evaluated during case review by two veterinary anatomic pathologists. Median progression free interval (PFI) and overall median survival time (OST) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods. Intergroup comparisons were performed using log‐rank tests. Six dogs were diagnosed with periosteal OSA, 4 dogs with parosteal OSA, and one dog with an unclassified surface OSA. Two dogs were found to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and four developed metastatic lesions after treatment. The median PFI and median OST for all dogs with surface OSA was 425 and 555 days, respectively. The 6 dogs diagnosed with periosteal OSA had a median PFI of 461 days and median OST of 555 days, while the 4 dogs with parosteal OSA had a PFI of 350 days and the OST could not be calculated. Multiple prognostic factors (surgery, systemic adjunctive therapy, elevated alkaline phosphatase at diagnosis, appendicular vs axial location, mitotic count, and tumour grade) were evaluated and none were prognostic for PFI or OST. Dogs with surface OSA appear to have prolonged PFI and OST, consistent with humans with surface OSA.
The Role of University Administration in Enhancing Intellectual Security Among Yarmouk University Students
Authors: Darawsha Najwa Abdel Hamid 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at identifying the role of university administration in enhancing intellectual security among Yarmouk University students from the students’ viewpoint. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method, and the questionnaire was used as a study. The study sample comprised of (385) students. The findings showed that university administration plays a high role in enhancing intellectual security, with a mean of (3.53). As shown the mean of “the role of the university in revitalizing the role of students in enhancing their intellectual security” is (3.75) and with a high degree, followed by “The role of the university in promoting the role of activities in enhancing students' intellectual security” with a mean of (3.43), and also with a high degree. Where the last domain records a high degree and a mean of (4.2) .The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences attributable to the effect of the gender variable, and it is in favor of females, and there are no differences attributable to the impact of the two variables "specialization and place of residence". In light of the findings, the study recommended strengthening communication between the university administration and the society and students to control the problem facing the students in terms of intellectual security, providing educational guidance activities, and disseminating them through the available media and enhancing students' intellectual security by providing university programs and activities, Connecting students to the prevailing culture in society and introducing them to the heritage of their nation, while spreading the spirit of innovation, creativity and brilliance, in response to developments and changes in civilization while not contradicting the foundations and constants of religious beliefs. And Training and accustoming students to discipline, good behavior, and the ability to understand the surrounding circumstances and deal with balance within its framework, wisely away from extremism and negative ideas.
The Effect of Wall Thermal Boundary Condition on Natural Convective Shutdown Cooling in a Gas Turbine
Authors: Fahy Daniel D. , Ireland Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a civil gas turbine cools down, asymmetric natural convective heat transfer causes the bottom sector of the rotor to cool faster than the top; this circumferential thermal gradient can potentially cause the shaft to deflect – a phenomenon called thermal or “rotor” bow. Rotor bow is tremendously difficult to predict due to its dependence on a number of engine design parameters, in addition to the complex nature of natural convective flows. A novel experimental facility has been developed to gain further understanding into shutdown cooling of a gas turbine. The scope of this paper is to quantify the effect of basic design features on natural convective cooling in an engine annulus during shut-down; specifically the influence of the thermal boundary wall conditions and the annular diameter ratio. In addition to this, a low-cost, robust thermocouple probe has been developed and validated, which allows for accurate temperature measurements in a natural convective boundary layer. An extensive experimental campaign has been completed. The key finding is that the local radial wall temperature difference was found to be the most influential parameter on the local heat transfer. Non-isothermal walls did not alter the overall distribution of the inner wall equivalent conductivity. This was true for both cylindrical and conical sections. An appropriate characteristic length for use in the Rayleigh number definition for both the concentric cylinder and conical sections have been validated. The conical inner section (5 deg hade angle) did not affect the overall heat transfer in the range of conditions tested. Therefore, the mean surface heat transfer for non-isothermal inner and outer profiles, within the range −0.4&lt;ΔRa/RaLc&lt;0.4, where the thermal gradient is negative in the clockwise from top-dead-center, can be predicted using isothermal correlations for RaLc&lt;5.0×105 and Dr &lt; = 1.5.
Low Rank Education of Cascade Loss Sensitivity to Unsteady Parameters by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Lengani D. , Simoni D. , Yepmo V. , Ubaldi M. , Zunino P. , Bertini F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been applied to a large dataset describing the profile losses of low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascades, thus allowing (i) the identification of the most influencing parameters that affect the loss generation; (ii) the identification of the minimum number of requested conditions useful to educate a model with a reduced number of data. The dataset is constituted by the total pressure loss coefficient distributions in the pitchwise direction. The experiments have been conducted varying the flow Reynolds number, the reduced frequency, and the flow coefficient. Two cascades are considered: the first for tuning the procedure and identifying the number of really requested tests, and the second for the verification of the proposed model. They are characterized by the same axial chord but different pitch-to-chord ratio and different flow angles, hence two Zweifel numbers. The POD mode distributions indicate the spatial region where losses occur, the POD eigenvectors provide how such losses vary for different design conditions and the POD eigenvalues provide the rank of the approximation. Since the POD space shows an optimal basis describing the overall process with a low-rank representation (LRR), a smooth kernel is educated by means of least-squares method (LSM) on the POD eigenvectors. Particularly, only a subset of data (equal to the rank of the problem) has been used to generate the POD modes and related coefficients. Thanks to the LRR of the problem in the POD space, predictors are low-order polynomials of the independent variables (Re, f+, and ϕ). It will be shown that the smooth kernel adequately estimates the loss distribution in points that do not participate to the education. In addition, keeping the same steps for the education of the kernel on another cascade, loss distribution and magnitude are still well captured. Thus, the analysis show that the rank of the problem is much lower than the tested conditions, and consequently, a reduced number of tests are really necessary. This could be useful to reduce the number of hi-fidelity simulations or detailed experiments in the future, thus further contributing to optimize LPT blades.
Understanding Injury and Injury Prevention in Para Sport Athletes
Authors: Harrington Shana E. , McQueeney Sean , Fearing Marcus 
Published: May 2021

Context: Training loads, injury, and injury prevention in the Para sports population has not been well established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey elite-level swimming, cycling, and athletic Para sport athletes in the United States who were competing in the 2016 US Paralympic trials to better understand common injuries among athletes in each sport and to determine whether injury prevention programs were being utilized. Design: Cross-sectional, survey study. Setting: The 2016 US Paralympic trials for swimming, cycling, and athletics. Participants: Athletes who competed in swimming, cycling, and/or athletics at the 2016 US Paralympic trials (N = 144; 83 males and 61 females). Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed electronic survey using Qualtrics XM (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) with questions pertaining to average number of hours trained per week, number of cross-training hours performed each week, descriptive information regarding sport-related injuries, pain, whether athletes received treatment for injuries, and descriptive information regarding whether the athletes had participated in an injury prevention program. Results: Over 64% of respondents reported training greater than or equal to 11 hours per week, and 45% of athletes reported spending greater than or equal to 6 hours per week cross-training. Forty-two percent of athletes reported currently having pain with 34% reporting missing a competition because of injury. Only 24% of respondents reported having participated in an injury prevention program. Conclusions: Many Para sport athletes train at similar durations as able-bodied counterparts and have pain that interferes with their ability to train and compete, however, only a small percentage consistently perform injury prevention programs.
Effect of the Simulation Box Size and Precipitant Concentration on the Behavior of Tetragonal Lysozyme Dimer
Authors: Kordonskaya Yu. V. , Timofeev V. I. , Dyakova Yu. A. , Marchenkova M. A. , Pisarevsky Yu. V. , Kovalchuk M. V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The 10-nanosecond simulation of a lysozyme dimer, which is a fragment of the tetragonal lysozyme crystal structure, has been carried out by the molecular dynamics method at different simulation box sizes and precipitant concentrations in a solution. The dimer stability has been estimated by calculating the root-mean-square fluctuations of protein atoms. It is shown that the box size does not significantly affect the mobility of protein atoms on a relatively short trajectory, while the effect of the precipitant concentration on this trajectory is noticeable.
POS1131 THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN GOUT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Cox P. , Gupta S. , Zhao S. S. , Hughes D. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Gout is an inflammatory crystal arthropathy characterised by hyperuricaemia and sodium urate crystal deposition. Both gout and subclinical hyperuricaemia are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Several studies have found gout to cause an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the evidence is not unanimous. The conflicting evidence has made it difficult to establish the extent of the cardiovascular risk to patients with gout.Objectives:To describe the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls.Methods:PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched in January 2021 for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded. Sample size, prevalence of the investigated cardiovascular disease, definition of gout and cardiovascular disease, demographic data, data source and any comparisons with non-gout controls were extracted from each study. Where prevalence data was reported in ≥3 cohorts meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models.Results:Of the 6164 titles identified, 105 full texts were assessed for eligibility with 30 included in the review, producing a gout population of 1,125,988. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for six cardiovascular diseases: heart failure (8.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.85 – 23.76), cerebrovascular accident (4.27%; 95% CI, 1.83 – 9.67), myocardial infarction (2.82%; 95% CI, 1.58 – 5.01), venous thromboembolism (2.05%; 95% CI, 1.22 – 3.43), hypertension (63.94%; 95% CI, 24.51 – 90.64) and cardiovascular mortality (4.75%; 95% CI, 3.56 – 6.31). Twenty studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases, particularly for myocardial infarction.Conclusion:Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. These results are in line with other studies which have shown an increased cardiovascular risk for sufferers of hyperuricaemia, highlighting the need for future research to explain this finding. There are limited studies in the literature investigating less common cardiovascular conditions, illustrating the need for future work if a more thorough picture of prevalence is to be established.Figure 1.Forest plots of pooled prevalence of: (A) 8.73% for heart failure, (B) 4.27% for cerebrovascular accident, (C) 2.82% for myocardial infarction, (D) 2.05% for venous thromboembolism, (E) 63.94% for hypertension and (F) 4.75% for cardiovascular mortality.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
POS1306 TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN CHRONIC RECURRENT MULTIFOCAL OSTEOMYELITIS (CMRO) OR CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS (CNO): SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Dos-Santos R. , Gomez-Vieites C. , Fernández Fernández D. , González Fernández I. , Souto Vilas A. , Perez-Pampín E. , Mera Varela A. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Glucocorticoids (GC), bisphosphonates (BP), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and classical synthetic or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cs/bDMARD) have been employed in the treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) or chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).1, 2 This one is a rare bone childhood illness and none treatment guidelines have been carried out till present.3Objectives:To asses which treatment schedule employed in CRMO had the best response rates and try to expose a treatment recommendation.Methods:A systematic literature review was made using Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and the Web of Science databases. The search strategy focused on synonyms of CRMO. A prevalence meta-analysis was performed to evaluate each treatment response. Stata 15.1 was used to perform statistical analysis.Results:The search identified 1883 articles, of which 43 were finally selected. Complete response rate reached with NSAIDs was acceptable [50% (CI95% 40-60)]. Lower response rates were reached by GC treatment [44% (CI95% 25-63)] or csDMARD [38% (CI95% 28-48)]. The best complete response rates were reached by bDMARD and BP treatments [69% (CI95% 56-82) and 73% (CI95% 62-84), respectively].Conclusion:This review and meta-analysis supports, taking into account its remission rates and its risk-benefit profile, NSAIDs as potential first-line agents in CRMO treatment. bDMARD and BP have reached the higher remission rates, turning into helpful treatment alternatives. There is not any treatment guidelines driving CRMO patients, but this analysis could help to select a suitable agent for each patient. Decision-making should be individualized.References:[1]Wipff J, Costantino F, Lemelle I, et al. A large national cohort of French patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis. Arthritis & Rheumatol. 2014;67(4):1128-1137.[2]Zhao Y, Wu E Y, Oliver M S, et al. Consensus treatment plans for chronic nonbacterial osteomielitis refractory to nonsteroideal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or with active spinal lesions. Arthritis Care Res. 2018;70(8):1228-1237.[3]Menashe SJ, Aboughalia H, Zhao Y, et al. The many faces of pediatric chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): a practical location- and case-based approach to differenciate CRMO from its mimics. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;e27299.Disclosure of Interests:None declared