bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome-Wide Mutant Screen for Altered Sensitivity to K1 Killer Toxin
Authors: Pagé Nicolas , Gérard-Vincent Manon , Ménard Patrice , Beaulieu Maude , Azuma Masayuki , Dijkgraaf Gerrit J P , Li Huijuan , Marcoux José , Nguyen Thuy , Dowse Tim , Sdicu Anne-Marie , Bussey Howard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using the set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants individually deleted for 5718 yeast genes, we screened for altered sensitivity to the antifungal protein, K1 killer toxin, that binds to a cell wall β-glucan receptor and subsequently forms lethal pores in the plasma membrane. Mutations in 268 genes, including 42 in genes of unknown function, had a phenotype, often mild, with 186 showing resistance and 82 hypersensitivity compared to wild type. Only 15 of these genes were previously known to cause a toxin phenotype when mutated. Mutants for 144 genes were analyzed for alkali-soluble β-glucan levels; 63 showed alterations. Further, mutants for 118 genes with altered toxin sensitivity were screened for SDS, hygromycin B, and calcofluor white sensitivity as indicators of cell surface defects; 88 showed some additional defect. There is a markedly nonrandom functional distribution of the mutants. Many genes affect specific areas of cellular activity, including cell wall glucan and mannoprotein synthesis, secretory pathway trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, and cell surface signal transduction, and offer new insights into these processes and their integration.
Multiple Translational Control Sequences in the 5′ Leader of the Chloroplast psbC mRNA Interact With Nuclear Gene Products in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Zerges William , Auchincloss Andrea H , Rochaix Jean-David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Translation of the chloroplast psbC mRNA in the unicellular eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is controlled by interactions between its 547-base 5′ untranslated region and the products of the nuclear loci TBC1, TBC2, and possibly TBC3. In this study, a series of site-directed mutations in this region was generated and the ability of these constructs to drive expression of a reporter gene was assayed in chloroplast transformants that are wild type or mutant at these nuclear loci. Two regions located in the middle of the 5′ leader and near the initiation codon are important for translation. Other deletions still allow for partial expression of the reporter gene in the wild-type background. Regions with target sites for TBC1 and TBC2 were identified by estimating the residual translation activity in the respective mutant backgrounds. TBC1 targets include mostly the central part of the leader and the translation initiation region whereas the only detected TBC2 targets are in the 3′ part. The 5′-most 93 nt of the leader are required for wild-type levels of transcription and/or mRNA stabilization. The results indicate that TBC1 and TBC2 function independently and further support the possibility that TBC1 acts together with TBC3.
A Fine-Scale Genetic Analysis of Hybrid Incompatibilities in Drosophila
Authors: Presgraves Daven C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The sterility and inviability of species hybrids is thought to evolve by the accumulation of genes that cause generally recessive, incompatible epistatic interactions between species. Most analyses of the loci involved in such hybrid incompatibilities have suffered from low genetic resolution. Here I present a fine-resolution genetic screen that allows systematic counting, mapping, and characterizing of a large number of hybrid incompatibility loci in a model genetic system. Using small autosomal deletions from D. melanogaster and a hybrid rescue mutation from D. simulans, I measured the viability of hybrid males that are simultaneously hemizygous for a small region of the D. simulans autosomal genome and hemizygous for the D. melanogaster X chromosome. These hybrid males are exposed to the full effects of any recessive-recessive epistatic incompatibilities present in these regions. A screen of ∼70% of the D. simulans autosomal genome reveals 20 hybrid-lethal and 20 hybrid-semilethal regions that are incompatible with the D. melanogaster X. In further crosses, I confirm the epistatic nature of hybrid lethality by showing that all of the incompatibilities are rescued when the D. melanogaster X is replaced with a D. simulans X. Combined with information from previous studies, these results show that the number of recessive incompatibilities is approximately eightfold larger than the number of dominant ones. Finally, I estimate that a total of ∼191 hybrid-lethal incompatibilities separate D. melanogaster and D. simulans, indicating extensive functional divergence between these species’ genomes.
Tufted Is a Gain-of-Function Allele That Promotes Ectopic Expression of the Proneural Gene amos in Drosophila
Authors: Villa-Cuesta Eugenia , de Navascués Joaquín , Ruiz-Gómez Mar , del Corral Ruth Diez , Domínguez María , de Celis José Félix , Modolell Juan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Tufted1 (Tft1) dominant mutation promotes the generation of ectopic bristles (macrochaetae) in the dorsal mesothorax of Drosophila. Here we show that Tft1 corresponds to a gain-of-function allele of the proneural gene amos that is associated with a chromosomal aberration at 36F-37A. This causes ectopic expression of amos in large domains of the lateral-dorsal embryonic ectoderm, which results in supernumerary neurons of the PNS, and in the notum region of the third instar imaginal wing, which gives rise to the mesothoracic extra bristles. Revertants of Tft1, which lack ectopic neurons and bristles, do not show ectopic expression of amos. One revertant is a loss-of-function allele of amos and has a recessive phenotype in the embryonic PNS. Our results suggest that both normal and ectopic Tft1 bristles are generated following similar rules, and both are subjected to Notch-mediated lateral inhibition. The ability of Tft1 bristles to appear close together may be due to amos having a stronger proneural capacity than that of other proneural genes like asense and scute. This ability might be related to the wild-type function of amos in promoting development of large clusters of closely spaced olfactory sensilla.
The Synergistic Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C by FRIGIDA and a New Flowering Gene AERIAL ROSETTE 1 Underlies a Novel Morphology in Arabidopsis
Authors: Poduska Branislava , Humphrey Tania , Redweik Antje , Grbić Vojislava 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The genetic changes underlying the diversification of plant forms represent a key question in understanding plant macroevolution. To understand the mechanisms leading to novel plant morphologies we investigated the Sy-0 ecotype of Arabidopsis that forms an enlarged basal rosette of leaves, develops aerial rosettes in the axils of cauline leaves, and exhibits inflorescence and floral reversion. Here we show that this heterochronic shift in reproductive development of all shoot meristems requires interaction between dominant alleles at AERIAL ROSETTE 1 (ART1), FRIGIDA (FRI), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) loci. ART1 is a new flowering gene that maps 14 cM proximal to FLC on chromosome V. ART1 activates FLC expression through a novel flowering pathway that is independent of FRI and independent of the autonomous and vernalization pathways. Synergistic activation of the floral repressor FLC by ART1 and FRI is required for delayed onset of reproductive development of all shoot meristems, leading to the Sy-0 phenotype. These results demonstrate that modulation in flowering-time genes is one of the mechanisms leading to morphological novelties.
A Haplotype-Based Algorithm for Multilocus Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci With Epistasis
Authors: Lou Xiang-Yang , Casella George , Littell Ramon C , Yang Mark C K , Johnson Julie A , Wu Rongling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor tightly linked loci, cosegregation may lead to nonrandom associations between alleles in a population. Because of its evolutionary relationship with linkage, this phenomenon is called linkage disequilibrium. Today, linkage disequilibrium-based mapping has become a major focus of recent genome research into mapping complex traits. In this article, we present a new statistical method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) of additive, dominant, and epistatic effects in equilibrium natural populations. Our method is based on haplotype analysis of multilocus linkage disequilibrium and exhibits two significant advantages over current disequilibrium mapping methods. First, we have derived closed-form solutions for estimating the marker-QTL haplotype frequencies within the maximum-likelihood framework implemented by the EM algorithm. The allele frequencies of putative QTL and their linkage disequilibria with the markers are estimated by solving a system of regular equations. This procedure has significantly improved the computational efficiency and the precision of parameter estimation. Second, our method can detect marker-QTL disequilibria of different orders and QTL epistatic interactions of various kinds on the basis of a multilocus analysis. This can not only enhance the precision of parameter estimation, but also make it possible to perform whole-genome association studies. We carried out extensive simulation studies to examine the robustness and statistical performance of our method. The application of the new method was validated using a case study from humans, in which we successfully detected significant QTL affecting human body heights. Finally, we discuss the implications of our method for genome projects and its extension to a broader circumstance. The computer program for the method proposed in this article is available at the webpage http://www.ifasstat.ufl.edu/genome/~LD.
Acute and chronic tirasemtiv treatment improves in vivo and in vitro muscle performance in actin-based nemaline myopathy mice
Authors: de Winter Josine M , Gineste Charlotte , Minardi Elisa , Brocca Lorenza , Rossi Maira , Borsboom Tamara , Beggs Alan H , Bernard Monique , Bendahan David , Hwee Darren T , Malik Fady I , Pellegrino Maria Antonietta , Bottinelli Roberto , Gondin Julien , Ottenheijm Coen A C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nemaline myopathy, a disease of the actin-based thin filament, is one of the most frequent congenital myopathies. To date, no specific therapy is available to treat muscle weakness in nemaline myopathy. We tested the ability of tirasemtiv, a fast skeletal troponin activator that targets the thin filament, to augment muscle force—both in vivo and in vitro—in a nemaline myopathy mouse model with a mutation (H40Y) in Acta1. In Acta1H40Y mice, treatment with tirasemtiv increased the force response of muscles to submaximal stimulation frequencies. This resulted in a reduced energetic cost of force generation, which increases the force production during a fatigue protocol. The inotropic effects of tirasemtiv were present in locomotor muscles and, albeit to a lesser extent, in respiratory muscles, and they persisted during chronic treatment, an important finding as respiratory failure is the main cause of death in patients with congenital myopathy. Finally, translational studies on permeabilized muscle fibers isolated from a biopsy of a patient with the ACTA1H40Y mutation revealed that at physiological Ca2+ concentrations, tirasemtiv increased force generation to values that were close to those generated in muscle fibers of healthy subjects. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of fast skeletal muscle troponin activators to improve muscle function in nemaline myopathy due to the ACTA1H40Y mutation, and future studies should assess their merit for other forms of nemaline myopathy and for other congenital myopathies.
Usefulness of dynamic fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in diagnosing pulmonary arteriovenous malformation mimicking a lung tumour
Authors: Gungor Serkan , Yakar Halil İbrahim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old male patient with known kidney dysfunction who underwent a non-contrast thorax CT and was then referred to our department for metabolic assessment of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). The patient underwent dynamic FDG PET/CT to differentiate benign from malignant SPN. This case illustrates the usefulness of dynamic FDG PET/CT imaging when assessing SPN especially in patients with suspicion for pulmonary arterio-venous malformation accompanying renal failure or contrast allergy.
Giant malignant Triton tumour of the posterior mediastinum
Authors: Tsimpinos Michalis , Pigadiotis Eleni , Kontaxis Vasileios , Lioulias Achilleas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Outsized tumours of the mediastinum are always present a challenge for the thoracic surgeon. This is a case report of a giant malignant Triton tumour occupying almost the entire right hemithorax. The patient presented in the accident and emergency (A&E) with severe dyspnoea. He referred a history of surgically excised fibromyxomatous sarcoma of the left lower limb with 2 local recurrences. The imaging studies revealed apart the giant neoplasm, total right lung atelectasis and pleural effusion. After diagnostic evacuation of the pleural effusion and bronchoscopy, the patient operated through a right postero-lateral thoracotomy; a giant well-encapsulated tumour not invading any anatomic structures or lymph nodes originated from the posterior mediastinum was excised radically. The patient recovered well and received radiotherapy after the operation for preventing local recurrence.
Obligatory Publicity Increases Charitable Acts
Authors: Yang Adelle X , Hsee Christopher K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To entice new donors and spread awareness of the charitable cause, many charity campaigns encourage donors to broadcast their charitable acts with self-promotion devices such as donor pins, logoed apparel, and social media hashtags. However, this voluntary-publicity strategy may not be particularly attractive because potential donors may worry that observers will attribute their publicized charitable behavior to “impure” image motives rather than “pure” altruistic motives. We propose and test a counterintuitive campaign strategy—obligatory publicity, which requires prospective donors to use a self-promotion device as a prerequisite for contributing to the campaign. Five studies (N = 10,866) test the application and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The first three studies, including two field experiments, find that obligatory-publicity campaigns recruit more contributions and campaign promoters than voluntary-publicity campaigns. The last two studies demonstrate that the obligatory-publicity strategy produces a greater effect among people with stronger image motives and that the effect is mitigated when the publicized charitable act signals a low level of altruism. Finally, we discuss limitations and implications of this research.
Osthole improves pulmonary artery hypertension by inducing apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhu Ling , Li Ye-li , Qian Zhi-qiang , Hua Liang , Yue Yun , Yang Dan-li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of Osthole (Ost) on apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and investigate the potential mechanism of this effect.

Methods
Rats were injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish a PAH model, and Ost were intragastrically administrated from day 1 to day 35. After 35 days administration, the mean pulmonary artery pressure and lung weight index were measured. HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the morphology of pulmonary artery and the apoptosis of PASMCs. In addition, the apoptosis of PASMCs were detected by flow cytometry in cultured PASMCs. The proteins of Bax and Bcl-2, and the levels of p-ASK1 and cleaved caspase 3 were measured by Western blot.

Key findings
Ost decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure and lung weight index in MCT-induced rats, and promoted apoptosis in PASMCs in MCT-induced rats and PDGF-BB stimulated PASMCs. Ost increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the levels of p-ASK1, cleaved caspase 3 in MCT-induced rats and PDGF-BB stimulated PASMCs.

Conclusion
Ost promoted apoptosis in PASMCs in vivo and in vitro, and the mechanism may be associated with upregulation of ASK1 and the Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 3 signalling pathway.
DoChaP: the domain change presenter
Authors: Gal-Oz Shani T , Haiat Nimrod , Eliyahu Dana , Shani Guy , Shay Tal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts of the same gene, possibly encoding for different protein isoforms with different domains. Whereas it is possible to manually determine the effect of alternative splicing on the domain composition for a single event, the process requires the tedious integration of several data sources; it is error prone and not feasible for genome-wide characterization of domains affected by differential splicing. To fulfill the need for an automated solution, we developed the Domain Change Presenter (DoChaP, https://dochap.bgu.ac.il/), a web server for the visualization of exon–domain associations. DoChaP visualizes all transcripts of a given gene, the encoded proteins and their domains, and enables a comparison between the transcripts and between their protein products. The colors and organization make the structural effect of alternative splicing events on protein structures easily identified. To enable the study of the conservation of exons structure, alternative splicing, and the effect of alternative splicing on protein domains, DoChaP also provides a two-species comparison of exon–domain associations. DoChaP thus provides a unique and easy-to-use visualization of the exon–domain association and conservation, and will facilitate the study of the structural effects of alternative splicing in health and disease.
Music for Global Human Development
Authors: Frishkopf Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter outlines a model for engaged ethnomusicology fostering human development, locally and globally, through sustainable music-centered community collaborations. Human development is a process of upholding human value in the world—rights, freedoms, social justice. Human development is impeded by dehumanization—the human treated as a nonhuman through an impersonal world system (and ironically shaping much “development” work today). The model builds on Habermas’s duality of system and lifeworld, but argues that the maintenance of the lifeworld—locus of human value—depends not only on rational “communicative action” (as per Habermas), but equally on affective social connectivity, constructed primarily through a profoundly social “soundworld,” where sonic feedback loops of thought-feeling produce “resonance.” The chapter describes projects that use participatory action research to forge collaborative, community-engaged networks, blurring differences between “researcher” and “researched,” drawing participants into a shared, resonant soundworld, across boundaries of ethnicity, religion, nation, and class. Projects based in Liberia, Ghana, and Egypt address post-conflict trauma, public health issues, maternal and neonatal health, cultural continuity and civil society. The chapter suggests that resonant networks of participatory action research in ethnomusicology have the potential not only to transform local communities—whether rich or poor—but also to transform the networks themselves, toward global human development.
Neural networks and robotic microneedles enable autonomous extraction of plant metabolites
Authors: Bae Hansol , Paludan Magnus , Knoblauch Jan , Jensen Kaare H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plant metabolites comprise a wide range of extremely important chemicals. In many cases, like savory spices, they combine distinctive functional properties—deterrence against herbivory—with an unmistakable flavor. Others have remarkable therapeutic qualities, for instance, the malaria drug artemisinin, or mechanical properties, for example natural rubber. We present a breakthrough in plant metabolite extraction technology. Using a neural network, we teach a computer how to recognize metabolite-rich cells of the herbal plant rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and automatically extract the chemicals using a microrobot while leaving the rest of the plant undisturbed. Our approach obviates the need for chemical and mechanical separation and enables the extraction of plant metabolites that currently lack proper methods for efficient biomass use. Computer code required to train the neural network, identify regions of interest, and control the micromanipulator is available as part of the Supplementary Material.
A molecular toolkit for the green seaweedUlva mutabilis
Authors: Blomme Jonas , Liu Xiaojie , Jacobs Thomas B , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe green seaweed Ulva mutabilis is an ecologically important marine primary producer as well as a promising cash crop cultivated for multiple uses. Despite its importance, several molecular tools are still needed to better understand seaweed biology. Here, we report the development of a flexible and modular molecular cloning toolkit for the green seaweed U. mutabilis based on a Golden Gate cloning system. The toolkit presently contains 125 entry vectors, 26 destination vectors, and 107 functionally validated expression vectors. We demonstrate the importance of endogenous regulatory sequences for transgene expression and characterize three endogenous promoters suitable to drive transgene expression. We describe two vector architectures to express transgenes via two expression cassettes or a bicistronic approach. The majority of selected transformants (50%–80%) consistently give clear visual transgene expression. Furthermore, we made different marker lines for intracellular compartments after evaluating 13 transit peptides and 11 tagged endogenous Ulva genes. Our molecular toolkit enables the study of Ulva gain-of-function lines and paves the way for gene characterization and large-scale functional genomics studies in a green seaweed.
Locating Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health at the Heart of Social Work
Authors: Walsh Tova B , Paris Ruth , Ribaudo Julie , Gilkerson Linda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH)—an interdisciplinary field dedicated to advancing understanding of early relationships, socioemotional development, and cultural and contextual influences on caregiving—offers essential tools for social workers to support the well-being of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their families. Even though social worker Selma Fraiberg was a founder of the field, and social workers are central to the work of assessment and intervention with young children and their caregivers in many settings, few schools of social work offer training in IECMH, and few social workers are familiar with its core principles, scholarship, and intervention approaches. In this article, faculty members from four U.S. social work programs address the vital role of IECMH in social work training, research, and practice as well as issue a call to the field to recover and renew commitment to a practice perspective and knowledge base with roots in social work. Twenty-five years ago, Social Work published a similar call, but the request has gone largely unheeded. The authors examine the changing landscape and argue that it is more important and timelier than ever for social workers to learn and integrate the relationship-based approach to promotion, prevention, intervention, and treatment offered by IECMH.