bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
URGENSI LITERASI DIGITAL BAGI GURU SMP YABUJAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rifai Akhmad 
Published: November 2021

Di tengah mewabahnya pandemi Covid-19, dunia pendidikan bergerak dinamis menyesuaikan situasi yakni belajar dari rumah. Di tengah upaya penanggulangan Covid-19 dengan kebijakan social distancing maupun learn from home, pendidikan tetap bisa dilaksanakan dengan penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang mentransformasikan pembelajaran dengan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi berbasis internet dan digital. Pendidikan berbasis digital menjadi transformasi yang tepat di tengah perpaduan situasi pandemi dan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Ruang kelas di sekolah bukan lagi menjadi fasilitas utama penunjang keberlangsungan pembelajaran. Sehingga guru dituntut memberikan materi secara virtual ataupun online kepada para peserta didik lewat kelas virtual ataupun fasilitas kelas digital. Bagaimana dari rumah masing-masing, aktivitas belajar-mengajar tetap bisa dilakukan secara interaktif dan komprehensif. Tentunya guru sangat membutuhkan keterbukaan wawasan ihwal literasi digital dalam dunia pendidikan. Penulis akan mengelaborasikan urgensi literasi digital bagi guru di SMP YABUJAH pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Di mana tulisan ini disusun dengan memakai metode kualitatif-deskriptif, serta teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya proses pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 telah membentuk kemampuan literasi digital yang baik. Di mana unsur-unsur literasi digital yang harus dipenuh adalah kemampuan menganalisa informasi digital, kemampuan berkreasi, berinovasi dan berkolaborasi, kemampuan menciptakan materi maupun metode belajar yang efektif, serta kepatuhan pada norma dan etika di dunia digital. Sedangkan urgensi dan manfaat yang dirasakan guru SMP YABUJAH yakni Penghematan waktu dan proses pembelajaran lebih efektif dan efisien; Penyajian Materi Pembelajaran Lebih Kreatif, Inovatif, dan Interaktif; Penghematan Uang dan Lebih Produktif; Bentuk kepatuhan pada Kebijakan Pemerintah serta Merasa Lebih Aman dan Bahagia.
Assessment of the photosensitizer efficacy after determination of threshold doses initiating erythrocyte hemolysis
Authors: Alekseev Yu. V. , Mislavsky O. V , Duvanskiy V. A. , Duvanskiy R. A. , Drozdova N. V. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To find out a technique for determining the effectiveness of porphyrin-type photosensitizers with concentrations which cause hemolysis in erythrocytes (hemolysis threshold). The hemolysis threshold is found under the following conditions: irradiation in the Soret band with standard parameters – power density, exposure dose, irradiation time.Material and methods. Phototherapeutic device “AST” (LLC “Pankov-medical”) – average power 0.5 W, wavelength ≈ 405 nm. Rat blood erythrocytes. “Multiscan MS” device manufactured by Labsystems, Finland. Preparation “Dimegin”, hematoporphyrin derivative; preparation “Photoditazine” (LLC “VETA-GRAND”), chlorine E6 derivative.Results. On analyzing the results obtained after experimentation with the abovementioned two preparations, it was shown that the developed technique has a high efficacy. It was also shown that the studied photosensitizers are equally effective when irradiated in the Soret band.Conclusion. The developed technique is simple and easy to use. It helps to assess the efficacy of various photosensitizers thus, facilitating the selection of their necessary concentrations for managing different diseases.
Anti-ischemic effect and cardiodynamic changes under low-intensive laser irradiation compared to the obsidan effect in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: Streltsova N. N. , Vasiliev A. P. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: to estimate the anti-anginal effect and to assess changes in hemodynamic parameters in patients with angina pectoris (AP) under low-intensive laser irradiation and to compare them with those under Obsidan preparation administration.Materials and methods. 70 males with AP of functional class I–IV were enrolled in the study and randomized into 2 equivalent groups: Group 1 – patients who took Obsidan; Group 2 — patients who were treated with infrared laser light. Patients were examined at the initial stage-one hour after 40 mg Obsidan take (Group 1), and one month after 10-day course of laser therapy (LT) (Group 2). All patients had echocardiography and cycle ergometric test.Results. The performed examinations showed a statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance in patients of LT group and Obsidan group by 35.0% and 34.1%, respectively. It should be noted that echocardiographic indicators had unidirectional, statistically significant shifts characterized by improvements in the myocardial inotropic function: decrease in the end-systolic volume by 17.9% and 18.8%, increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction from 50.3 ± 6.2 to 55.7 ± 5.8% and from 46.3 ± 4.3 to 50.1 ± 6.1 after LT and Obsidan , respectively. The optimal diastolic cardiac function was confirmed by the reduced time of myocardium isometric relaxation from 112.9 ± 24.3 to 94.3 ± 25.3 ms (p=0.012) under LT and from 110.3 ± 22.7 to 97.3 ± 19.3 ms under Obsidan (p=0.012). Results of the exercise tolerance test indicated the activation of cardiac economy mechanisms in both groups.Conclusion. Low-intensive LT had an impact at the cardiac activity similar to that of Obsidan. Moreover, it also has the equal anti-ischemic effect what may be explained by the decrease of energy expenditure during physical activity in patients with AP.
The Burden of Penile Cancer in Bali Compared to Other Provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Desak Putu Oki , Riasa I Nyoman Putu , Niramayah Putu Kania Iswari , Armerinayanti Ni Wayan , Cahyawati Putu Nita , Sari Kartika , Widodo Irianiwati , Haryana Rika Mubarika 
Published: November 2021

Objective: In Indonesia, 45% of the total penile cancer cases are concentrated in Bali province, where penile cancer is ranked as the most common cancer during 2013. However, the incidences of penile cancer in Bali and other provinces in Indonesia are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR), age-specific incidence rate (AR), and crude rate incidence (CRI) of penile cancer in Bali and other provinces in Indonesia.
Methods: The data were obtained from 11 provinces in Indonesia over a period of 10 years (2004-2013). The samples were 1032 new cases of penile cancer collected manually from the registry. ASR, AR, and CRI were calculated based on the number of new penile cancer cases per 100,000 men in a given province. Indonesian population standard was used to calculate the age-standardized incidence rate.
Result: There were variations on ASR, AR, and CRI for penile cancer in Indonesia. We found that the average CRI in Indonesia is 0.1 per 100,000 men. The incidence is found to be higher in Bali compared to other provinces. The average ASR in Bali is 2.1 per 100,000 men, CRI is 2.5 per 100,000 men, and the peak of AR being 12.9 per 100,000 men in the age group of 55-64 years old. The incidence of penile cancer is found to increase with age. In Bali, the peak incidence is in the 6th and 7th decades of life. The ASR and CRI of penile cancer in other provinces were less than 1 per 100,000 males.
Conclusion: The highest incidence of penile cancer is found in the Bali province compared to other provinces in Indonesia. This problem requires more serious attention and further research to identify the risk factors.
Les multinationales comme catégorie politique : les années formatrices (1970-1990)
Authors: Pitteloud Sabine 
Published: November 2021

À l’heure de la deuxième mondialisation, les entreprises multinationales se révèlent être des acteurs incontournables, et ce d’un point de vue non seulement économique, mais également politique. En vue d’apporter un éclairage historique sur ce phénomène, cet article analyse l’institutionnalisation progressive de la « multinationale » comme catégorie politique à part entière au sein du patronat. Sur la base d’archives conservées dans les fonds de l’Union Suisse du Commerce et de l’Industrie, il met en lumière la formation de différents groupes de travail dédiés spécifiquement à la défense des intérêts des multinationales à partir des années 1970, Si cette collaboration relève dans un premier temps d’une stratégie défensive face à l’émergence de régulations internationales sur les activités des multinationales, elle s’institutionnalise principalement au sein des structures existantes de représentation des intérêts du patronat, et permet aux groupes de travail de devenir des porte-voix pour faire valoir leurs desiderata politiques et réorienter l’action des organisations internationales vers la défense des intérêts des investisseurs privés.
Google et l’État fédéral états-unien : interdépendance, contestation et hybridation
Authors: Thibout Charles 
Published: November 2021

Cet article propose de saisir l’histoire des relations entre Google et l’État fédéral états-unien à travers la notion bourdieusienne de champ du pouvoir. Dans cette perspective, il retrace le fil d’une interdépendance en construction, non pas entre deux entités artificiellement réifiées, mais entre différents agents (cadres dirigeants de Google, personnel politique et administratif) qui, situés dans leurs champs respectifs, voient leurs intérêts et leurs visions du monde converger. Cette proximité n’exclut pas tout « conflit d’intérêts et de valeurs », mais elle tend à se renforcer, en particulier sous les deux mandats présidentiels de Barack Obama, à mesure que les nouvelles technologies de l’information, domaine de spécialité de Google, deviennent un enjeu de pouvoir dépassant les frontières du champ économique. Cette dépendance de l’administration fédérale à l’égard de l’expertise technologique de Google concourt à la prise de position de ses dirigeants dans le champ du pouvoir ; aussi la répartition des rôles tend-elle à se brouiller, comme en témoignent la participation de l’entreprise à la conduite de la politique étrangère fédérale et la multiplication des circulations professionnelles de part et d’autre de la frontière public-privé.
Fondements éthiques de la responsabilité politique de l’entreprise dans l’anthropocène : de la raison d’être à la responsabilité systémique
Authors: Renouard Cécile 
Published: November 2021

En analysant les raisons d’être des entreprises, par lesquelles les entreprises s’efforcent de définir leur rôle dans la cité, l’article cherche à repérer les orientations éthiques implicites de ces entreprises au regard du développement durable et, en comparant ces formulations de raisons d’être aux trajectoires des entreprises au regard des limites planétaires, à identifier celles des orientations éthiques qu’il serait bon de promouvoir dans les formes de gestion et d’encadrement juridique des entreprises, pour effectivement respecter ces limites. Dans un premier temps, sont présentées les diverses dimensions de la responsabilité politique écologique de l’entreprise décrites dans la littérature, ainsi que les critères éthiques liés aux enjeux écologiques. Dans un deuxième temps, ce cadre est appliqué à l’analyse des raisons d’être des entreprises du CAC 40. Cette étude permet de mettre en évidence certaines incertitudes et contradictions relatives à la contribution effective des (grandes) entreprises au respect des limites planétaires et le caractère encore insuffisant à cet égard des « raisons d’être », destinées par la loi Pacte à fournir un cadre de gouvernance stratégique pour toutes, et une clé de contrôle pour les parties prenantes et pour l’État, pour celles qui briguent le statut d’entreprise à mission.
Comment la loi a instauré l’entreprise comme un acteur politique. Analyse historique et théorique de la loi Pacte et de la loi sur le devoir de vigilance
Authors: Hatchuel Armand , Levillain Kevin , Segrestin Blanche 
Published: November 2021

L’activité politique de facto de l’entreprise est largement reconnue dans la littérature. Mais cette activité soulève aujourd’hui de nouvelles questions : le cadre classique des rapports entre entreprise et politique n’est-il pas obsolète ? Est-il compatible avec la puissance mondiale et créatrice des entreprises ? Et surtout n’avons-nous pas besoin que cette puissance soit « bien gérée », c’est-à-dire à même de contribuer à résoudre les défis contemporains du politique ? Or le droit français – avec la loi sur le devoir de vigilance (2017) et la loi Pacte (2019) – a introduit des innovations juridiques qui instaurent l’entreprise comme un acteur politique de jure. Les deux lois inscrivent d’abord la gouvernance de l’entreprise dans un cadre de gestion responsable : d’une part, l’entreprise doit gérer son activité de manière vigilante, y compris au-delà des frontières des États où elle est légalement constituée ; d’autre part, les notions de raison d’être et de société à mission permettent à l’entreprise d’expliciter les missions d’intérêt collectif qu’elle s’engage à mettre en œuvre. Ce cadre juridique prend appui sur une nouvelle conception de l’entreprise : celle-ci n’est plus un simple acteur économique mais est une puissance d’agir tournée vers la création collective. Cette conception empêche de réduire l’entreprise à la seule sphère de la société civile privée et impose de rediscuter les fondements de la liberté d’entreprendre. Se dégage alors un nouvel ordre pluriel de responsabilités et une conception non-hégélienne du politique.
Une cave à amphores, une statue en pierre et une tête coupée de la fin de l’âge du Fer à Châteaumeillant (Cher)
Authors: Krausz Sophie , Millereux Caroline , Bouchet Marion , Olmer Fabienne 
Published: November 2021

Entre 2005 et 2017, six puits ont été fouillés sur l’oppidum de Châteaumeillant (Cher). L’un d’entre eux (St 269) a livré un ensemble de bronzes exceptionnels du iiie s. apr. J.-C. (Krausz, Coulon 2015). En 2016, une grande cave quadrangulaire a été mise au jour (St 437), elle contenait les restes de 33 amphores italiques. Cette découverte s’inscrit dans la série des « caves à amphores » qui ont rendu l’oppidum de Mediolanum célèbre dans les années 1960. À l’intérieur de cette cave se trouvait un puits (St 512), dont la fouille sécurisée a livré un lot de mobilier singulier datable de La Tène finale. En marge des quelque 1 500 tessons de céramique, et au fond du conduit, une statue de pierre anthropomorphe, un crâne humain avec des traces de décarnisation ainsi qu’un chenet à protomé de cheval ont été recueillis. La présence de ces objets remarquables évoque un dépôt particulier, dont l’étude révèle la nature rituelle dans le contexte de l’habitat laténien. Les deux structures forment un ensemble archéologique exceptionnel et complexe, inédit dans un site de cette période. Cet article collectif présente leur étude détaillée, celle des objets découverts et la chronologie de l’ensemble.
Demographic profile of the patients with lumbar disc herniation presented in a tertiary care center, Manipur
Authors: Ningthoujam Jungindro Singh , Naorem Ajit Singh , Ningthoukhongjam Shugeta Devi 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation presents with a wide variety of demographic profiles among the patients of various regions. Depending on the regional factors such as environmental, socioeconomic and genetic factors, the demography may vary.

Objectives:
This study aimed to observe the demographic profile of patients with lumbar disc herniation and to find the association and correlation among the different variables.

Materials and Methods:
It is a cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis was performed for parameters such as age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Chi-square test was performed to see the association of different variables. A Spearman's regression analysis was performed to see any correlation between the quantitative variables. Results were evaluated with a confidence interval of 95% and significance level at P < 0.05.

Results:
We had 348 patients with a mean age of 52.49 (±13.34) years, out of which 194 (55.7%) were female. Visual analog scale score ≥7 was found in 194 (55.7%) patients. Of the patients, 228 (65.5%) were overweight and 40 (11.5%) were obese with a mean BMI of 26.99 (±2.61). In the physical activity, 159 (45.7%) fall in heavy group, 135 (38.8%) moderate, and 54 (15.5%) in light activity groups. L4L5 (183, 52.6%) and L5S1 (133, 38.2%) were the most common site of prolapsed. Grade 6 disc degeneration was the most common (101, 29.0%) followed by Grade 7 (96, 27.6%) and Grade 5 (77, 22.1%). 2ab was the most common pattern of prolapsed with 22.4%.

Conclusion:
Disc herniation is more common among females and in the middle age group. Overweight or obese people are at more risk of disc degeneration. L4L5 and L5S1 are the most common level of prolapse. Grades 6 and 7 of disc degeneration are more symptomatic and are associated with advancing age. Posterolateral disc herniation is the most common type and people engaged with heavy physical activities are at higher risk of disc degeneration.
A cross-sectional study of online medical education in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Singh Gurmeet , Pandey Anand , Rawat Jiledar 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
COVID-19 infection forced many alterations in our daily life, and continuation of classes by online mode is one of them. The effect of online classes on medical students has not been evaluated in our setup. This study was conducted to assess the medical student's perspective on the usefulness of online teaching.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students was conducted through an online link-based Google Form from November 28 to December 3, 2020. Anonymous responses were collected and evaluated. The values are presented in numbers and tables.

Results:
A total of 329 datasets were received. Of these, 318 were included, and the remaining 11 were excluded. The smartphone was the most common gadget used for attending online classes (261, 83.7%). In 164 (57.2%) students, the routine lifestyle was grossly affected. The student complained of visual (183, 58.7%) and concentration (168, 53.8%) discomfort. Two hundred and seven (65.7%) students did not found online classes to be as efficient as traditional offline classes; however, 191 (61.2%) students stated that they might be interested in listening to lectures on interesting topics by experts from other reputed institutes.

Conclusion:
In the current circumstances, online classes are considered a stopgap measure for the continuation of teaching, but physical classes are preferred in this field. More time may be needed to overcome the problems faced due to the online system.
Assessment of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Diagnosis and Assessment of Febrile Illness Outbreaks in Fiji
Authors: Getahun Strobel Aneley , Airs Stephanie , Nguyen Cattram , Vadei Taina Rokobuli , Matanitobua Silivia , Kama Mike , Watson Conall H. , Crump John A. , Mulholland Edward Kim , Strugnell Richard A. , Parry Christopher M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Typhoid is an endemic in Fiji with increases observed since the early 2000s and frequent outbreaks reported. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of currently available typhoid rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (TUBEX, Typhidot Rapid, and Test-It assay) to establish their performance against blood culture in Fiji and to examine their suitability for rapid typhoid outbreak identification. The performance of RDTs was assessed in the public health reference laboratory in Suva, Fiji, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. A simulation was used to examine the potential use of RDTs for attribution of a febrile illness outbreak to typhoid. For the diagnostic evaluation, 179 patients were included; 49 had blood culture–confirmed typhoid, 76 had fever as a result of non-typhoid etiologies, and 54 were age-matched community controls. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (20–46) years. Of the participants, 92 (51.4%) were male and 131 (73.2%) were indigenous Fijians. The sensitivities of the tests were 77.6% for TUBEX, 75.5% for Typhidot Rapid, and 57.1% for Test-It assay. The Test-It assay had the highest specificity of 93.4%, followed by Typhidot Rapid 85.5% and TUBEX 60.5%. Typhidot Rapid had the best performance in the simulation for attribution of a febrile illness outbreak to typhoid. Typhoid RDTs performed suboptimally for individual patient diagnosis due to low sensitivity and variable specificity. We demonstrate that RDTs could be useful in the field for rapid attribution of febrile illness outbreaks to typhoid. Typhidot Rapid had the best combination of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, cost, and ease of use for this purpose.
Evolution of COVID-19 mortality over time: results from the Swiss hospital surveillance system (CH-SUR)
Authors: Roelens Maroussia , Martin Alexis , Friker Brian , Maximiano Sousa Filipe , Thiabaud Amaury , Vidondo Beatriz , Buchter Valentin , Gardiol Céline , Vonlanthen Jasmin , Balmelli Carlo , Battegay Manuel , Berger Christoph , Buettcher Michael , Cusini Alexia , Flury Domenica , Heininger Ulrich , Niederer-Loher Anita , Riedel Thomas , Schreiber Peter W. , Sommerstein Rami , Troillet Nicolas , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Vetter Pauline , Bernhard-Stirnemann Sara , Corti Natascia , Gaudenz Roman , Marschall Jonas , Nussbaumer-Ochsner Yvonne , Senn Laurence , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Zimmermann Petra , Zucol Franziska , Iten Anne , Keiser Olivia 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: When the periods of time during and after the first wave of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic in Europe are compared, the associated COVID-19 mortality seems to have decreased substantially. Various factors could explain this trend, including changes in demographic characteristics of infected persons and the improvement of case management. To date, no study has been performed to investigate the evolution of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Switzerland, while also accounting for risk factors.
METHODS: We investigated the trends in COVID-19-related mortality (in-hospital and in-intermediate/intensive-care) over time in Switzerland, from February 2020 to June 2021, comparing in particular the first and the second wave. We used data from the COVID-19 Hospital-based Surveillance (CH-SUR) database. We performed survival analyses adjusting for well-known risk factors of COVID-19 mortality (age, sex and comorbidities) and accounting for competing risk.
RESULTS: Our analysis included 16,984 patients recorded in CH-SUR, with 2201 reported deaths due to COVID-19 (13.0%). We found that overall in-hospital mortality was lower during the second wave of COVID-19 than in the first wave (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63– 0.78; p <0.001), a decrease apparently not explained by changes in demographic characteristics of patients. In contrast, mortality in intermediate and intensive care significantly increased in the second wave compared with the first wave (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.49; p = 0.029), with significant changes in the course of hospitalisation between the first and the second wave.

CONCLUSION: We found that, in Switzerland, COVID-19 mortality decreased among hospitalised persons, whereas it increased among patients admitted to intermediate or intensive care, when comparing the second wave to the first wave. We put our findings in perspective with changes over time in case management, treatment strategy, hospital burden and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Further analyses of the potential effect of virus variants and of vaccination on mortality would be crucial to have a complete overview of COVID-19 mortality trends throughout the different phases of the pandemic.