bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraint Management in Distributed Product Models
Authors: Henderson David L. , Anderson David C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computer models for complex mechanical products are often distributed among design team members who use disparate software tools. Communication between these tools has previously been limited to occasional file transfer. However, recent research has begun to allow software applications to communicate automatically to maintain the integrity of the evolving product model. Constraint satisfaction plays an important role in maintaining design integrity. This paper describes a methodology for representing and satisfying constraints in distributed design environments. The methodology employs a propagation method that allows the solution steps to be posed as messages between applications. The propagation methods also facilitate support for a broad range of object and constraint types. We show how the method can be applied to both algebraic and geometric constraints. We also describe a method called symbolic propagation that is used for solving coupled and underconstrained systems. A distributed assembly design system that was implemented to demonstrate and validate the methods is also described.
An Integrated Simulation-Based Design and Manufacturing Environment Using Intranet and CORBA
Authors: Hardee Edwin , Tsai Chung-Shin , Choi Kyung K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An intranet-based tool for integrating an enterprise-wide simulation-based design and manufacturing environment for mechanical systems is presented. The tool is invoked as a Java applet from a web page. Users can browse global product model data from the applet and retrieve and store product data between the global product data server (called the Design Data Server) and their local workspaces. Network connections are based on the CORBA standard. This environment enables the achievement of concurrent engineering goals. It gives the members of an enterprise-wide product development team a convenient, uniform interface to the global product data from different platforms. It allows their various simulation and modeling tools on the different platforms to interoperate through the Design Data Server.
INTERPRET: A Communication Tool With Customers via Public Network
Authors: Vajna Sándor , Schabacker Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
INTERPRET is an intelligent product catalogue which allows a customer to select online exactly his component being supported by the knowledge provided by the supplier. Additionally, the customer can insert both the actual geometry into his own design as well as dispositive data file into his administrative data processing system.
Main focus of INTERPRET is the electronic handling of different business processes on heterogeneous computer systems (the so-called telecommerce). The Internet serves here as a communication platform to the design of the desired worldwide virtual production system (Kroll, 1994). The availability of this low-priced solution for each enterprise facilitates the fast and flexible design of virtual production communities (Davodow, Malone, 1993).
A Computable Fastener Representation to Support Computer-Aided Configuration Design for the Life Cycle
Authors: Harper Brian , Siddique Zahed , Rosen David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most of a product’s life-cycle characteristics are determined during the configuration design stage, when the product’s components are selected and arranged spatially and logically. One set of choices that determines many life-cycle characteristics is fastener type selection. In this paper, an assembly modeling representation is presented that supports changes in fastener types and fastening mechanisms while maintaining consistent degrees-of-freedom among fastened components. A fastening mechanism template and a corresponding instantiation algorithm have been developed for tensile-compressive fasteners. The template consists of four main elements: an assembly representation template, CSG tree fragments (to allow geometry construction), geometric constraint templates, and a parametric relationship template to integrate analysis equations into fastener models. Each particular fastener type is modeled by a specific template that is developed manually using the general template as a guide. The instantiation algorithm maps a particular fastening template onto an existing assembly model (assemblies, components, geometry, and mating relationships) in order to add fasteners to a product. A similar fastener substitution algorithm enables the replacement of one fastener type with another. The use of the algorithms is illustrated in the configuration design of an automotive center console. The paper concludes with a brief demonstration of how fastener selection affects life-cycle product characteristics.
Global Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Materials
Authors: Missoum Azzedine , Gupta Ashwani K. , Chen Jianrong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Results on the thermal destruction behavior during the decomposition of cellulose under controlled conditions are presented. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests have been carried out on the celluose samples under conditions of various heating rate and surrounding gas environment. Pyrolysis times were also measured for different size particles having different moisture contents in a controlled mixing history reactor (CMHR). The global decomposition kinetics were investigated and it was found that the decomposition process is shifts to higher temperatures at higher heating rates as a result of the competing effects of heat and mass transfer, product diffusion and the reactions kinetics. The Arrhenius parameters for pyrolysis were determined using a first order decomposition reaction of the type, dm = −km dt. It was found that the activation energy, heat of pyrolysis and char yield are a strong function of the heating rate. An increase in heating rate from 5 to 60°C/min resulted in a change of activation energy from 204.19 to 138.31 kJ/mole °C. This heating rate dependence of the kinetics is discussed. The overall decomposition process of the examined materials is generally endothermic. In general, heat transfer, mass diffusion, product evolution, heating rate, temperature and environment are the parameters that control the decomposition process. It was also shown that heat transfer and mass transport have the most effects on the decomposition process.
Fine Particle Removal Using High Frequency Acoustic Streaming
Authors: Busnaina Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Liquid-based cleaning is extensively used in the semiconductor and other industries affected by contamination for the removal of particulate contamination. One of the widely used wet-cleaning processes is the megasonic cleaning. The megasonics term is used in industry to refer to frequencies near 1 MHZ. Megasonic cleaning techniques used today in industry were first presented by RCA scientists [1,6,7]. McQueen [4,5] identified the effect of the acoustic boundary layer and its role in the removal of small particles at high frequency. Kashkoush, Busnaina et al [8–11] studied ultrasonic and megasonic particle removal, focusing on the effects of acoustic streaming. They showed that removal percentage increased with power. Their results also indicated different removal efficiencies for polystyrene latex (PSL), silica (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3 N4) particles. Megasonic cleaning using SC1 and SC2 chemistry has been shown to be very effective by Syverson, et. al. [12]. They also showed that the removal efficiency increased with power up to a 150 W (maximum power available). Wang et al [13] also showed that power had the greatest influence on the removal efficiency up to a maximum power available (150 W). These results are consistent with what was observed by Kashkoush, Busnaina and Gale [12,13]. However, Gale and Busnaina [14–17], using higher power megasonics up to 800 W, showed that the highest removal efficiency occurs at an optimum power (500–600 W) above which it decreases slightly. They also showed that megasonic input power has the greatest influence on particle removal efficiency as compared to solution temperature, both in water and in SC1 solution. They also showed that SC1 removes particles more efficiently than DI water, particularly at lower megasonic powers. But they also showed that it was still possible to achieve 100% removal in DI water under the proper conditions.
Concurrent Engineering Education: An Example Project
Authors: Biswas Arunava , Kinzel Gary L. , Li Chiu Yeung , Liu Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The intent of this paper is to give the background and details of a project using the concepts of concurrent engineering and design for manufacturing in an educational framework. The project involves the design and production of parts that have simple 2-d shapes with slots. These can be fit together to create a variety of 3-d shapes and figures. These are like children’s toy “puzzle” pieces (building blocks) that can be disassembled and reassembled into new figures over and over. The parts have been produced using the machined mold on a small injection molding machine. This paper discusses the execution of the project from the concept to the design to the production stages. Design for Manufacturing education will be highlighted through this interesting example project.
Motion Simulation of Gears and Cams Using Working Model
Authors: Wang Shih-Liang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Motion simulation of mechanism of line contact like gears and cams has been difficult in the past. With Working Model, NURBS based complex geometry can be modeled fairly easily, and its simulation engine can animate this type of mechanism accurately. In this paper several Working Model files are developed for visualization and analysis. An algorithm to generate involute gear tooth profile is introduced in this paper for the involute and a portion of non-involute surface.
The Optimization of Threshold Value of the Relational Degree in Grey Theory Method for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Y. H. , Ma F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, optimization of the threshold value of the relational degree in Grey Theory method for fault diagnosis is considered. With an emphasis on minimizing both the error rate and miss rate of fault diagnosis, new ideas are proposed to determine the optimal range of the threshold value. A practical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Effect of Multimaterial Layering on the Response of a Generic Hull Structure
Authors: Gupta Aaron D. , Meyer Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dynamic response of a basic, generic, multilayered, composite vehicle hull with a large, circular opening for the turret assembly has been compared with that of an equivalent single-layer, basic metallic hull with identical geometry to assess the influence of a multilayered, composite armor panel structure on the modal response. Both models, without the engine block, mountings, transmission, and base support system consisting of tracks, wheels, sprockets, torsion bars, etc., were generated using PATRAN 3 to facilitate computational modal analysis and comparative evaluation of the influence of multilayered construction on the free vibrational response.
Computer Applications in Rapid Prototyping: Overview and Case Study
Authors: Petersen Harry C. , Markowski Andrzej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rapid prototyping, the rapid conversion of computer designs into physical products, is a valuable tool for design, sales, communication, and limited production. This paper presents an overview which describes various systems of both additive and subtractive rapid prototyping. Computer applications, steps, and formats are introduced. A case study outlines new coursework which has been developed at Mankato State University to teach these basic principles and computer applications. Internet resources are reviewed, including vendors, professional societies, and universities which can help with questions and decisions about rapid prototyping applications.
Hint-Based Reasoning for Feature Recognition: Status Report
Authors: Han JungHyun , Regli William C. , Brooks Steve 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of hint-based feature recognition algorithms. A hint is a piece of information that implies a feature’s existence. Geometric completion procedures start from the hint instances, perform extensive geometric reasoning and finally construct feature instances. This paper describes the IF2, F-Rex and FBMach systems, and shows that the hint-based reasoning can deal with complex feature intersections.
Automatic Regular Hexahedral Mesh Generation by Regular Volume Decomposition
Authors: Shih Bih-Yaw , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A method has been developed to generate regular hexahedral meshes automatically from arbitrary solid models by volume decomposition. This method first decomposes a solid model having a complex shape into volumes having simple shapes. Then, shape-specific meshing methods like mapping are applied to generate regular hexahedral meshes from these volumes. Finally, all regular hexahedral meshes of these volumes are combined into a regular hexahedral mesh of the original solid model. Thus the method generates regular hexahedral meshes automatically in a way similar to the way a human does interactively. This is in contrast to the previous methods of automatic hexahedral mesh generation, which try to generate hexahedral meshes from solid models directly.
Best Fit Uncertainty Analysis for Computing Geometric Tolerances
Authors: Yau Hong-Tzong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In computing geometric tolerances using point data from a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a best fit process needs to be carried out to bring the measurement data to the coordinate system of the substitute geometry. The measurement data does not precisely conform to the substitute geometry. It involves errors from machining as well as measurement itself. With this error-carrying measurement data, the best fit result contains uncertainties which in turn reduce the accuracy of the evaluated tolerances. In this paper, a model is proposed to estimate the best fit uncertainties caused by surface deviation, point location, and CMM sample size. The model was verified by simulation and experiment. To explore factors that affect the uncertainty variations, geometric variables that influence the uncertainties were first studied. Then, to understand the effect of point location on the uncertainty, optimization using the conjugate gradient method was developed to find the best measurement locations by minimizing the total uncertainties. In addition, simulations showed that the uncertainty is inversely proportional to the squared root of the number of points. This result can be used to predict the CMM sample size that will control the best fit uncertainty under certain tolerances.
Nonlinear Integer, Discrete and Continuous Optimization Using Adaptive Range Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Arakawa Masao , Hagiwara Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Genetic algorithms are effective algorithms for large scaled combinatorial optimization. They are potentially effective in integer and discrete optimization. However, as they are not well coded to its tedious expression in converting chromosomes to design variables, we need to do some special efforts to overcome these flaws. In the proposed method, it automatically adapts searching ranges according to the situation of the generation. Thus, we are free from these flaws. Moreover, we don’t have to give too many genes to chromosome, we can save computational time and memory and the convergence becomes better. In this paper, we combine the proposed integer and discrete adaptive range genetic algorithms and adaptive real range genetic algorithms which we presented in the previous studies, and present an extended genetic algorithms method. We applied the proposed method to well-known test problems, compare the results with the other methods and show its effectiveness.
Feature-Based Gearbox Design
Authors: Heikkinen Ari , Korpela Tapio , Leinonen Tatu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Laboratory of Machine Design of the University of Oulu has defined and implemented a design and manufacturing system for a gear manufacturer in co-operation with the company’s own staff. The parts of gear train, such as shafts and gear wheels, are designed by an application program included in a two-dimensional system and the gear housing is designed by a commercial three-dimensional feature-based system. A shaft design and manufacturing system has been discussed in previous papers produced in connection with this project (Korpela, T., et al. 1995, Heikkinen, A., et al. 1996). The tool used for gear housing design and manufacturing have been tested during the past year, and experiences with this CAD system are recounted here. It has been found that the design features which implement the functional requirements of gear construction are different from the features which support the manufacturing processes.
Mathematical Programming Neural Networks (MPNN) for Mechanism Design
Authors: Li Jianmin , Gupta Krishna C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The prevalent Mathematical Programming Neural Network (MPNN) models are surveyed, and MPNN models have been developed and applied to the unconstrained optimization of mechanisms. Algorithms which require Hessian inversion and those which build up a variable approach matrix, are investigated. Based upon a comprehensive investigation of the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) method, new algorithms have been developed from the combination of ideas from MPNN and ALM methods and applied to the constrained optimization of mechanisms. A relationship between the weighted least square minimization of design equation error residuals and the mini-max norm of the structure error for function generating mechanisms is developed and employed in the optimization process; as a result, the computational difficulties arising from the direct usage of the complex structural error function have been avoided. The paper presents relevant theory as well as some numerical experience for four MPNN algorithms.
A Unified Formulation for Swept Volume and Robot Workspace Analyses
Authors: Abdel-Malek Karim , Yeh Harn-Jou , Ruwady Rabeeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a unified formulation for the generation of mechanical manipulator workspaces, and the representation of the volume of an entity swept along another. A constraint function is developed and its Jacobian is studied. The analysis is based upon a row-rank deficiency criteria of the non-square constraint Jacobian. Singular geometric entities inside the resulting volume are identified and parametrized. These entities are characterized by a set of singular generalized coordinates (parameters), when substituted into the constraint vector function yield parametric equations. Singular geometric entities are assembled and intersected to identify sub-entities that are boundary to the volume. A local perturbation method is applied to determine which sub-entities are boundary to the workspace. Several examples are presented to verify the formulation.
Function-Costing Applied to Brushless D.C. Permanent Magnet Motors
Authors: Chidambaram Bala , Agogino Alice M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Function-costing is a cost-estimation hypothesis that helps designers estimate costs from a product’s specifications. It is surmised, that for a class of products, the relationship between cost and the primary function can be captured in a mathematical relation. It proceeds on the basis that in a free market, the lowest cost of a product will emerge over time and this cost can be roughly approximated from the product’s primary performance function. In this paper, we validate the function-costing hypothesis for Brushless D.C. permanent magnet motors (BDCPMMs). The principal function of these motors is to provide torque and the peak torque is chosen as the primary performance function. From the cost-peak torque data of a family of eight BDCPMMs produced by a motor manufacturer, we obtain a regression-based cost-estimation relation based on the function-costing hypothesis. The manufacturing processes involved in the BDCPMM construction are studied. A detailed cost-estimation function — in terms of the BDCPMM design variables — is developed using the principle of similarity and the cost data from the eight motors. The costs of constructing a motor for different peak torques is then obtained from a nonlinear discrete optimization formulation (minimum cost objective), which is solved using a genetic algorithm. These costs compare well with the costs predicted by function-costing and validate the hypothesis for BDCPMMs. Finally, we investigate potential applications of function-costing to BDCPMM redesign.
Optimal Fastener Pattern Design Considering Bearing Loads
Authors: Chickermane Hemant , Gea Hae Chang , Yang R. J. , Chuang C. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In many engineering structures, failure occurs either at the connection itself or in the component at the point of attachment of the connection. To extend the service life of the structure it is important to ensure that the loads borne by the connections are distributed as uniformly as possible. This would also minimize the possibility of localized high stress regions within the component. In this work a topology optimization based approach has been developed to incorporate fastener load constraints into a problem formulated for optimal location of fasteners. The computational results indicate that it is effective in reducing the maximum fastener loads without compromising on the overall stiffness of the structure.
Computerized Finite Element Mesh Generation in Hypoid Gears
Authors: Simon Vilmos V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A method has been developed for the automatic finite element discretization of the pinion and the gear of a Gleason type hypoid gear pair. The numbers and sizes of elements can by arbitrarily chosen in the main directions and in the different regions of the teeth in order to get a finer mesh where extreme values of stresses are expected or previously calculated. The method includes the identification of each element by its number, the definition of element topology, the calculation of the nodal coordinates, and the specification of the boundary conditions. The main part of the method is the calculation of the nodal coordinates, based on the real tooth geometry of the pinion and gear teeth. The determination of the tooth flank and the tooth fillet surface is based on the kinematics of the manufacture and on the applied machine tool settings. On the basis of the presented theory the corresponding computer program has been developed. By using this program the grid mesh in a pinion and in a gear of a hypoid gear pair is generated and presented.