bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatology and functional genome analysis in East Asia
Authors: Fujio Keishi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRheumatic diseases differ in severity and outcome across ethnic groups. Although genetic predisposition is an important factor influencing the development of rheumatic diseases, genomic data to date have been accumulated mainly in Europeans. However, East Asia has become an influential center for genetic studies worldwide, and there is also a growing need for a functional genome database for East Asians. Expression quantitative trait locus data for immune cell subsets can be extremely useful in interpreting the function of disease‐associated genetic polymorphisms. The development of a functional genome database for East Asians is expected to make a significant contribution to the understanding and stratification of the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases in this population in the future.
Multifunctional Composite Based on Cotton Fabric and Starch‐Copper Ferrite Hydrogel Prepared through Facile Room Temperature Preparation Approach
Authors: Nematollahi Mohammad Reza , Montazer Majid , Mianehro Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrogels demonstrate interesting features and applications in various fields including biomedical, environmental, and smart materials. Unfortunately, they provide a favorable environment for growth of microorganisms without exhibiting adequate mechanical properties. To overcome these shortcomings and prepare a multifunctional nanocomposite, in this research a facile industrially applicable method is introduced for preparation of starch‐copper ferrite hydrogel on cotton fabric at room temperature. The preparation conditions are optimized using central composite design based response surface methodology. The magnetic properties and swelling behavior of all samples are investigated and the optimal sample is selected for further characterization. XRD pattern indicates the presence and successful synthesis of copper ferrite and magnetite in hydrogel. FE‐SEM images demonstrate unique structure shaped with nanosegments with symmetric multilateral shape and average size of 300 nm. The absorption capacity of nanocomposite rises to 3.96 g g−1 indicating 253.57% improvement, and also exhibits 100% antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and negative model bacteria. In this manner, a promising nanocomposite with verified multifunctionality is proposed even as synthesis of copper ferrite and hydrogel attachment to the fabric are also merged to single‐step via a simple method with hope of being applicable for scalable production.
Transport of micro‐polar fluids in an exponentially diverging tube by means of peristaltic waves of dilating amplitude
Authors: Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Chandra Subhash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper models a peristaltically driven flow when the cross section of the tube changes exponentially. This may resemble the shape of the oesophagus when it suffers from sliding hiatus hernia, that is, when the abdomen protrudes through the hiatus. The fluid transported is considered micro‐polar while the peristaltic waves propagating along wall too dilate exponentially. Bulging, caused by herniation, in tube is examined considering two different cases: (i) tube diverging entirely from the first end to the other, and (ii) tube diverging partly limited to the other end only. Effects of dilating amplitude, the coupling number and the micro‐polar parameter are also investigated. Non‐linear governing equations are linearized by the method of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations and computer simulation is used to estimate the numerical results. It is observed that whether the tube diverges entirely or partly, pressure required for carrying the fluid is less, hence facilitating easier swallowing, which causes sliding hiatus hernia to go unnoticed. Exponential divergence in the tube geometry makes swallowing easier than linear divergence. While pressure increases with the coupling number, it declines with the micropolar parameter. Reflux region is further found to shrink once the wave amplitude dilates.
The non‐conservative forced Toda oscillator
Authors: El‐Dib Yusry O. , Mady Amal A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe vibration theory has become a hot topic in both mathematics and engineering. This work is an attempt to reduce the complexity of the Toda model and to exploit the advantages of annihilator operators. The reducing rank method is proposed for the outcoming jerk oscillator model. The modified homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is presented to solve the resulting model. Besides, to simplify the model, the outstanding features of the resonance reaction are preserved. It is declared that the obtained results are robust as they can exist in a wide range of oscillators. It is found that the amplitude of oscillation greatly affects its periodic nature and has an exponential form. The dynamics of a non‐autonomous oscillator in which the frequency of the external force depends on the dynamical variable is studied. It is also revealed that the linear damping coefficient plays a dual role in the stability behavior, while the nonlinear counterpart exerts a destabilizing influence on the resonance response.
Empirical Research on Military Ethical Behaviour
Authors: Messervey Deanna L. , Squires Erinn C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of key empirical research examining ethical and unethical behaviour in the military. Early research examined the impact of atrocities on the psychological well-being of Vietnam War veterans. In later conflicts, researchers examined battlefield attitudes, behaviours, willingness to report fellow unit members for ethical violations, and the adequacy of training. In addition to battlefield ethics, researchers have also investigated individual, situational, and organizational factors that increase the risk of unethical behaviour (i.e., ethical risk factors). This chapter summarizes research that highlights how individual differences in moral identity and malevolent traits can impact ethical and unethical behaviour among military personnel. It also discusses how situational factors, such as sleep deprivation and anger, can increase the likelihood of military personnel engaging in unethical behaviour. Lastly, the chapter discusses how organizational factors, such as ethical climate and culture and ethical leadership, play a role in ethical and unethical behaviour.
The colored Jones polynomials as vortex partition functions
Authors: Manabe Masahide , Terashima Seiji , Terashima Yuji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We construct 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 abelian gauge theories on $$ \mathbbm{S} $$
S
2 × $$ \mathbbm{S} $$
S
1 labeled by knot diagrams whose K-theoretic vortex partition functions, each of which is a building block of twisted indices, give the colored Jones polynomials of knots in $$ \mathbbm{S} $$
S
3. The colored Jones polynomials are obtained as the Wilson loop expectation values along knots in SU(2) Chern-Simons gauge theories on $$ \mathbbm{S} $$
S
3, and then our construction provides an explicit correspondence between 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 abelian gauge theories and 3D SU(2) Chern-Simons gauge theories. We verify, in particular, the applicability of our constructions to a class of tangle diagrams of 2-bridge knots with certain specific twists.
Two-loop electroweak corrections to the Top-Quark Contribution to ϵK
Authors: Brod Joachim , Kvedaraitė Sandra , Polonsky Zachary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The parameter ϵK measures CP violation in the neutral kaon system. It is a sensitive probe of new physics and plays a prominent role in the global fit of the Cabibbo-Kobabyashi-Maskawa matrix. The perturbative theory uncertainty is currently dominated by the top-quark contribution. Here, we present the calculation of the full two-loop electroweak corrections to the top-quark contribution to ϵK, including the resummation of QED-QCD logarithms. We discuss different renormalization prescriptions for the electroweak input parameters. In the traditional normalization of the weak Hamiltonian with two powers of the Fermi constant GF, the top-quark contribution is shifted by −1%.
A formal notion of genericity and term-by-term vanishing superpotentials at supersymmetric vacua from R-symmetric Wess-Zumino models
Authors: Brister James , Sun Zheng , Yang Greg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is known in previous literature that if a Wess-Zumino model with an R-symmetry gives a supersymmetric vacuum, the superpotential vanishes at the vacuum. In this work, we establish a formal notion of genericity, and show that if the R-symmetric superpotential has generic coefficients, the superpotential vanishes term-by-term at a supersymmetric vacuum. This result constrains the form of the superpotential which leads to a supersymmetric vacuum. It may contribute to a refined classification of R-symmetric Wess-Zumino models, and find applications in string constructions of vacua with small superpotentials. A similar result for a scalar potential system with a scaling symmetry is discussed.
Perturbative renormalization of the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$-deformed free massive Dirac fermion
Authors: Dey Anshuman , Fortinsky Aryeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we explicitly carry out the perturbative renormalization of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed free massive Dirac fermion in two dimensions up to second order in the coupling constant. This is done by computing the two-to-two S-matrix using the LSZ reduction formula and canceling out the divergences by introducing counterterms. We demonstrate that the renormalized Lagrangian is unambiguously determined by demanding that it gives the correct S-matrix of a $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed integrable field theory. Remarkably, the renormalized Lagrangian is qualitatively very different from its classical counterpart.
On the extremal compatible linear connection of a generalized Berwald manifold
Authors: Vincze Csaba 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeneralized Berwald manifolds are Finsler manifolds admitting linear connections such that the parallel transports preserve the Finslerian length of tangent vectors (compatibility condition). It is known (Vincze in J AMAPN 21:199–204, 2005) that such a linear connection must be metrical with respect to the averaged Riemannian metric given by integration of the Riemann-Finsler metric on the indicatrix hypersurfaces. Therefore the linear connection (preserving the Finslerian length of tangent vectors) is uniquely determined by its torsion. If the torsion is zero then we have a classical Berwald manifold. Otherwise, the torsion is some strange data we need to express in terms of the intrinsic quantities of the Finsler manifold. The paper presents the idea of the extremal compatible linear connection of a generalized Berwald manifold by minimizing the pointwise length of its torsion tensor. It is uniquely determined because the number of the Lagrange multipliers is equal to the number of the equations for the compatibility of the linear connection with the Finslerian metric. Using the reference element method, the extremal compatible linear connection can be expressed in terms of the canonical data as well. It is an intrinsic algorithm to check the existence of compatible linear connections on a Finsler manifold because it is equivalent to the existence of the extremal compatible linear connection.
Novel interaction between neurotrophic factor-α1/carboxypeptidase E and serotonin receptor, 5-HTR1E, protects human neurons against oxidative/neuroexcitotoxic stress via β-arrestin/ERK signaling
Authors: Sharma Vinay Kumar , Yang Xuyu , Kim Soo-Kyung , Mafi Amirhossein , Saiz-Sanchez Daniel , Villanueva-Anguita Patricia , Xiao Lan , Toulabi Leila , Inoue Asuka , Goddard William A. , Loh Y. Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtecting neurons from death during oxidative and neuroexcitotoxic stress is key for preventing cognitive dysfunction. We uncovered a novel neuroprotective mechanism involving interaction between neurotrophic factor-α1 (NF-α1/carboxypeptidase E, CPE) and human 5-HTR1E, a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor with no previously known neurological function. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays confirmed interaction between NFα1/CPE and 5-HTR1E and 125I NF-α1/CPE-binding studies demonstrated saturable, high-affinity binding to 5-HTR1E in stably transfected HEK293 cells (Kd = 13.82 nM). Treatment of 5-HTR1E stable cells with NF-α1/CPE increased pERK 1/2 and pCREB levels which prevented a decrease in pro-survival protein, BCL2, during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Cell survival assay in β-arrestin Knockout HEK293 cells showed that the NF-α1/CPE-5-HTR1E-mediated protection against oxidative stress was β-arrestin-dependent. Molecular dynamics studies revealed that NF-α1/CPE interacts with 5-HTR1E via 3 salt bridges, stabilized by several hydrogen bonds, independent of the serotonin pocket. Furthermore, after phosphorylating the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) of NF-α1/CPE-5-HTR1E, it recruited β-arrestin1 by forming numerous salt bridges and hydrogen bonds to ICL2 and ICL3, leading to activation of β-arrestin1. Immunofluorescence studies showed 5-HTR1E and NF-α1/CPE are highly expressed and co-localized on cell surface of human hippocampal neurons. Importantly, knock-down of 5-HTR1E in human primary neurons diminished the NF-α1/CPE-mediated protection of these neurons against oxidative stress and glutamate neurotoxicity-induced cell death. Thus, NF-α1/CPE uniquely interacts with serotonin receptor 5-HTR1E to activate the β-arrestin/ERK/CREB/BCL2 pathway to mediate stress-induced neuroprotection.
Diatom response to environmental gradients in the high mountain lakes of the Colombia’s Eastern Range
Authors: Muñoz-López Claudia Liliana , Rivera-Rondón Carlos A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA survey of 60 high mountain lakes of Colombia’s Eastern Range was performed to evaluate the response of surface-sediment diatoms to environmental variables. In each one of these lakes, water samples were taken for physical and chemical characterization, and diatoms were collected from the superficial bottom sediment at the deepest part. Multivariate statistical analyses were made to determine the relationships between environmental and biological data, specifically which environmental variables explain the diatom distribution. For each of these significant environmental variables, optima and ecological tolerances were calculated using the weighted-average method, which allowed for the classification of the species according to their environmental preferences. The lakes showed a wide range of environmental gradients in variables such as pH, alkalinity, and nutrients. In addition, the depth of the lakes was a direct determinant of the light environment of the water column. A total of 339 diatom taxa were identified belonging mainly to the genera Eunotia and Pinnularia. Variables related to pH-alkalinity gradient, trophic condition (nitrates and phosphorus), and physical factors (radiation at the bottom) had a significant effect on diatom composition. Despite the fact that the total organic carbon environmental range was high, the effect of this variable on diatom species composition was not significant. In conclusion, the diatoms of the studied lakes showed a significant ecological relationship with environmental variables which are potentially important in environmental reconstruction. Diatoms in the study sites can provide useful and independent quantitative information to investigate the recent impacts of global change on tropical high mountain ecosystems.
The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi
Authors: Furmanek Łukasz , Czarnota Paweł , Seaward Mark R. D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA systematic review of literature data on the antifungal potential of extracted lichen compounds and individual secondary metabolites against mold species of the genus Aspergillus is provided. Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. restrictus, A. stellatus and A. ustus, were analysed. Several measuring techniques were employed for such analyses. Lichen substances were extracted with alcoholic and other organic solvents mainly using the Soxhlet apparatus. Among the three most-studied mold species, the results showed that the crude extracts from the thalli of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, Leucodermia leucomelos, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea against Aspergillus flavus, from C. foliacea, Nephroma arcticum and Parmelia sulcata against A. fumigatus and from Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Umbilicaria cylindrica and Variospora dolomiticola against A. niger have the greatest antifungal potential. The lichen secondary metabolites showed a higher inhibitory potential, e.g. protolichesterinic acid against A. flavus, lecanoric acid against A. fumigatus and orsellinic acid against A. niger; the other seven species of Aspergillus have been poorly studied and require further investigation. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of the tested mixtures of lichen substances and their secondary metabolites shows that they can compete with commonly used antifungal substances, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole against A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger and A. parasiticus and fluconazole in the case of A. fumigatus.
eDNA metabarcoding for diet analyses of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Díaz-Abad Lucía , Bacco-Mannina Natassia , Madeira Fernando Miguel , Neiva João , Aires Tania , Serrao Ester A. , Regalla Aissa , Patrício Ana R. , Frade Pedro R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding sea turtle diets can help conservation planning, but their trophic ecology is complex due to life history characteristics such as ontogenetic shifts and large foraging ranges. Studying sea turtle diet is challenging, particularly where ecological foraging observations are not possible. Here, we test a new minimally invasive method for the identification of diet items in sea turtles. We fingerprinted diet content using DNA from esophageal and cloacal swab samples by metabarcoding the 18S rRNA gene. This approach was tested on samples collected from green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from a juvenile foraging aggregation in the Bijagós archipelago in Guinea-Bissau. Esophagus samples (n = 6) exhibited a higher dietary richness (11 ± 5 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) per sample; average ± SD) than cloacal ones (n = 5; 8 ± 2 ASVs). Overall, the diet was dominated by red macroalgae (Rhodophyta; 48.2 ± 16.3% of all ASVs), with the main food item in the esophagus and cloaca being a red alga belonging to the Rhodymeniophycidae subclass (35.1 ± 27.2%), followed by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae; 7.5 ± 7.3%), which were presumably consumed incidentally. Seagrass and some invertebrates were also present. Feeding on red algae was corroborated by field observations and barcoding of food items available in the benthic habitat,validating the approach for identifying diet content. We conclude that identification of food items using metabarcoding of esophageal swabs is useful for a better understanding of the relationships between the feeding behavior of sea turtles and their environment.
Influence of different weather aspects on breeding performance, food supply and nest-space use in hoopoe offspring
Authors: Nuhlíčková Soňa , Svetlík Ján , Eckenfellner Manfred , Knauer Felix , Hoi Herbert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the influence of different weather aspects on breeding performance, food supply and nest-space use in hoopoe offspring (Upupa epops). Camera recordings of 88 nests were used to examine how ambient environmental conditions influence food supply, offspring nest-space use and the trade-off nestlings face regarding the two mainly used locations in the nest. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive analysis involving different factors including weather parameters together with food provisioned to nestlings on different temporal scales to identify the factors having the most influence on nest-space use. We found that different breeding conditions significantly influenced how nestlings used the nest. During excessively humid weather, nestlings spent more time under the entrance hole when small food was delivered. However, nestlings supplied with large prey more often remained hidden in the distant area, despite the adverse weather situation. In all three aspects and temporal scales, our analysis confirmed that prey was the most important factor influencing offspring nest-space use, suggesting a crucial role of large insects for hoopoes. Finally, we found that long-term effects of weather affect overall food provisioned to nestlings and thus offspring behaviour. We provide evidence that parental feeding location and prey size, which are in turn influenced by weather conditions, are the most influential factors for nest-space use. This study expands our knowledge of parent–offspring communication and how environmental factors may lead to differential nest-space use, which may be regarded as the earliest form of habitat preference in birds.Significance statementNests are usually constrained in space but designed to protect offspring from the environment while giving them limited possibilities to express behavioural diversity. This is particularly true for bird nests, where nestlings are usually packed in close contact with one another and without much space for movement, except begging. Here we demonstrate that nest features, such as available nest space together with environmental conditions surrounding a nest, influence nestling strategies and behaviours, including social interactions between nest mates, which further leads to fitness consequences. Our results seem to be of great importance for habitat selection theory in birds, in particular regarding the early development of habitat preferences (imprinting) and use. On the other hand, the result may also have important implications for conservation issues given that nestling behaviour may be used as a determinant of environmental quality.