bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human perception evaluation system for urban streetscapes based on computer vision algorithms with attention mechanisms
Authors: Li Yunhao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wang Chang , Cheng Zhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVirtual 3D modeling is widely implemented in urban planning and design. To evaluate urban planning modeling, based on existing computer vision models, this article aims to improve performance in the field of human perception analysis for urban street views. In this study, the PSP module extracts detailed features from recognized objects of different sizes, an attention mechanism is applied to solve the problem of large information differences in pictures, and transfer learning technology is used to expand the model to the field of virtual 3D modeling to extract more representative and universal features, similar to how humans perceive street view information. Finally, we obtain a more objective, stable, and accurate neural network model that imitates human perception. This evaluation model converges within the correct interval on the training and validation datasets compared with an evaluation of virtual modeling by a large number of people.
Ovariectomy reduces the risk of tumour development and influences the histologic continuum in canine mammary tumours
Authors: Gedon Julia , Wehrend Axel , Kessler Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfluence of neutering on canine mammary tumorigenesis has been a source of vivid discussion over the last decades. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the association between neuter status, tumour size and degree of malignancy in a large population of 625 female dogs with altogether 1459 removed mammary tumours (MTs). MT‐bearing dogs were predominantly intact (80.3%) and intact dogs were overrepresented in the tumour population compared to the control group of >19 000 females (p < .0001). Multiple MT occurred in 340 patients (54.4%) and were significantly more common in intact dogs (57.8% vs. 40.7% spayed). Neutered dogs were not only significantly more likely to have a malignant MT (p < .0001) but were significantly more often affected by more aggressive tumour subtypes (p < .0001). Positive correlation between increasing tumour size and increasingly malignant phenotype was slightly stronger in spayed (rs = .217;p = .021) compared to intact (rs = .179;p = .0003) patients. After ovariectomy, progression from benign to malignant occurs in smaller size tumours, as MT ≥2 cm in diameter were malignant in 86.9% of the spayed patients, compared to 62.0% in intact patients (p = .0002). Intact bitches have a higher risk for MTs and tumour multiplicity. MTs in neutered females are more often malignant and belong to more aggressive subtypes compared to MTs in intact dogs. In neutered bitches, histologic progression from benign to malignant and further along the cancer progression continuum occurs at smaller tumour sizes.
A Case Study on the ESL Upper Secondary Level Students Views in Engaging with Online Writing Lessons Conducted Via Google Classroom
Authors: Shelvam Hemamalini , Bahari Aireen Aina 
Published: December 2021

Most of the researchers and experts are prompted to investigate why English as second language students (ESL) are running out of radar during their online classes especially for writing lesson conducted via Google Classroom. In order rectify the issues, the researchers of this study, wanted to find out how English as second language learners (ESL) secondary school students experienced about participating in online writing classes delivered via Google Classroom. This research focuses on the three upper level secondary students at SMK Batu Gajah in Perak. The students were introduced to the advantages of engaging with online writing class via Google Classroom, especially during this pandemic, to improve their writing ability, which can be measured, as it is the most difficult skill for students to master. This study is important for upper secondary students to enhance their writing skills before sitting for their Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) exam. As it is a case study, the interview sessions were accomplished via Google Meet with the learners at various times to maintain the validity and reliability of the instrument. The recorded interview sessions were then transcribed after the interview session. The researcher judiciously categorised and analysed the relevant key notes that strongly support the research questions in order to jot down the findings. The findings clearly show that all of the students are enthusiastic about their participation in a writing class facilitated via Google Meet during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the students believed that Google Classroom has improved their writing abilities to some extent, despite some difficulties in familiarising with the new learning platform. However, the students mentioned that Google Classroom, the new teaching and learning platform, had boosted their motivation to improve their writing skills.
Relative Influence of Sensory Cues in a Multi-Modal Virtual Environment
Authors: Hendrix Claudia M. , Cheng Pi-Ming , Durfee William K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human subject experiments were performed to determine the influence of multimodal virtual environment display parameters on the perception of haptic, visual, and aural material properties. Twelve subjects participated in two experiments. Subjects were presented with a test material (real or virtual) and were asked to select one of three reference materials which most closely matched the test material. Subject were also asked to rate the quality of the match on a 1–5 scale. The test and reference materials were presented to subjects through a television monitor. The visual characteristics of the virtual materials were generated on a graphics display, the haptic characteristics were displayed using a single degree of freedom haptic device, and the aural characteristics were created using prerecorded sound clips. The results of the two experiments suggest that haptic characteristics played an important role in the matching process while sound and visual characteristics played an important role in the quality rating process.
Haptic Rendering: Practical Modeling and Collision Detection
Authors: Cai ZhuLiang , Dill John , Payandeh Shahram 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
3D collision detection and modeling techniques can be used in the development of haptic rendering schemes which can be used, for example, in surgical training, virtual assembly, or games. Based on a fast collision detection algorithm (RAPID) and 3D object representation, a practical haptic rendering system has been developed. A sub-system determines detailed collision information. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the practicality of our results.
Control-Oriented Model for Camless Intake Process: Part I
Authors: Ashhab M.-S. S. , Stefanopoulou A. G. , Cook J. A. , Levin M. B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The improvement of internal combustion engine is largely accomplished though the introduction of innovative actuators that allow optimization and control of the flow, mixing, and combustion processes. The realization of such a novel system depends on the existence of an operational controller that will stabilize the engine and allow experimental testing which, consequently, leads to further development of the actuator and the engine controller. This iterative process requires a starting point which is the development of a control-oriented model. Although not fully validated, the control-oriented model reveals issues associated with uncertainties, nonlinearities, and limitation of different subsystems. Moreover, it aides in defining the controller structure and the necessary parameters for the calibration of the closed loop system. In this paper (Part I) we describe the development process of a control-oriented model for a camless intake process.
A Sensing Chair
Authors: Tan Hong Z. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with how objects in an environment can be made aware of people via haptic sensing. It was motivated by the desire to make our environment “smarter” by providing it with sensory systems similar to our own. The work reported here focuses on an object that is involved in virtually all human-computer interactions, yet has remained sensory-deprived — the chair. A real-time sitting posture classification system has been developed using surface-mounted pressure sensors placed on the seatpan and backrest of a chair. The ultimate goal of this work is to build a robust multi-user sitting-posture tracking system that will have many applications including ergonomics and automatic control of airbag deployment in a car. Challenges for reaching the goal and plans of nature work are discussed.
Friction Identification for Haptic Display
Authors: Richard Christopher , Cutkosky Mark R. , MacLean Karon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A method of identifying the friction of real devices for haptic display is presented. The method is suitable for identifying both the friction and inertia of a system simultaneously. This paper begins with a brief survey of common friction models and identification procedures. After the identification method is outlined, results are presented for experiments conducted to identify the friction and mass of an aluminum block sliding on sheets of brass, teflon, and rubber.
Analysis and Control of Redundant Hybrid Master Arm
Authors: Kim Jungtae , Chang Sokho , Kim Insup , Borm Jin Hwan , Lee Jong Won , Park Jong Oh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a teleoperation system, master device is the most important resource which is closely related to work performance of an operator. Thus, We have developed a human arm-like master arm for last few years. The master arm has characteristics of hybrid kinematics, redundant degree of freedom, distributed force refection function, dextrous motion and worn-type, which are as same as human arm characteristics. And the master arm was more improved in the view point of dexterousness, human friendliness and adaptability than the previous version of KIST master arm.
In this paper, design concept, analysis and control methodology of the new master arm (KIST master arm), are dealt with.
A Unified Frequency Equation and the Motion Analysis of a Moving Flexible Beam Carrying a Concentrated Mass
Authors: Park S. , Lee J. W. , Youm Y. , Chung W. K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the mathematical model of a Bernoulli-Euler cantilever beam fixed on a moving cart and carrying an intermediate lumped mass is derived. The equations of motion of the beam-mass-cart system is analyzed utilizing unconstrained modal analysis, and a unified frequency equation which can be generally applied to this kind of system is obtained. The change of natural frequencies and mode shapes with respect to the change of the mass ratios of the beam, the lumped mass and the cart and to the position of the lumped mass is investigated. The open-loop responses of the system by arbitrary forcing function are also obtained through numerical simulations.
Theoretical Evaluation of the Influence of Displacement on Finger Photoplethysmography for Wearable Health Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Rhee Sokwoo , Yang Boo-Ho , Asada Haruhiko H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the development of an opto-physiological model of a finger in conjunction with a ring-type photoplethysmography device (the Ring Sensor). This model is a combination of an optical model, a mechanical model, a skin capillary model and the arterial wall dynamics. It describes the photoplethysmographic effects due to the relative displacement and rotation of a finger to a ring-type opto-electric device that monitors the arterial pulsation noninvasively and continuously. Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to verify and evaluate this model. This model can be used for optimizing design parameters of the ring device to obtain optimal pulse signals and to minimize the influence of noise caused by the displacement of the finger.
Factors Affecting Perceptions of Ride Quality in Automobiles
Authors: Ferris John B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Expert ride evaluators participated in instrumented ride appraisals to better understand the means by which a person perceives ride quality. A new process was developed by which the factors affecting a driver’s perception of ride quality are detected. The process is based on varying the exponential power to which each factor is raised and examining the resulting change in the correlation with the subjective ride quality rating. This process was used to discover the most influential factors affecting ride quality. The most influential measurement location is the driver’s seat, the most influential time derivative is jerk, and the attribute that best describes the signal is the crest factor. The most striking result is that the ISO 2631 standard was not confirmed as the basis for ride quality predictions. The ride quality was best described by temporal attributes not by spectral attributes.
Design and Development of Magneto Rheological Dampers for Bicycle Suspensions
Authors: Ahmadian Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The design and fabrication of a magneto rheological (MR) damper for bicycle suspension applications is addressed. Two 1998 Judy® Dampers are retrofitted with MR valves, to achieve the damping force adjustability that the MR fluid offers. One design attempts to use as many of the Judy® Damper components as possible. The second design significantly modifies the Judy® Damper, to better accommodate the MR valve and ease of fabrication and assembly, although fitting into the same envelope as the Judy® damper for a direct retrofit. The two MR dampers are fabricated and assembled for force-velocity characterization testing. The test results show that properly-designed MR dampers can provide significant dynamic performance improvements, as compared to conventional passive bicycle dampers.
Lumped-Parameter Modelling of Spatial Compliance Using a Twist-Based Potential Function
Authors: Fasse Ernest D. , Zhang Shilong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper examines geometric modelling of elastically coupled, spatial rigid body pairs. For a pair of elastically coupled rigid bodies there exist coincident, unique points on the bodies or their rigid extensions known as centers of stiffness at which translation and rotation are minimally coupled. The rigid body displacement of frames at the centers of stiffness can be associated with a twist displacement, a continuous rigid body motion. A potential function is defined that is a simple quadratic function of the twist displacement. Constitutive equations relating rigid body displacement and wrench are derived. While the problem of modelling and computer simulation is emphasized, the work is also relevant for active compliance control of robotic devices.
Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Tension Variations due to the Eccentric Unwinding Roll in Multi-Span Web Transport Systems
Authors: Jee Sungchul , Kim Sungchol , Shin Kee-Hyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Disturbances due to the eccentric unwinding roll/roller can create significant tension variations in the web spans in multi-driven web transport systems. The drivers are interconnected by an elastic web material (a 14-micrometer thick Polypropylene film was used for this study). Specifically, eccentricity of an upstream roller such as an unwinding roll creates upstream tension variation, and the tension variation in upstream web spans is transported to downstream due to the interconnection between the web spans. However, it is not easy to obtain an accurate mathematical model of the web transport system, for the design of a tension controller, which contains several actuators, sensors, gears, bearing systems, and interconnected web spans.
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy controller which automatically tunes its parameters in real-time is suggested to regulate tension variations in multi-spans due to an eccentric unwinding roll. In the proposed method, the input and output ranges are adjusted together according to continuous observation of tension error and change in the error. The proposed controller is implemented on a prototype web transport system which consists of three AC motors, real-time target controllers, unwinding and winding rolls with two-spans of web including sensors for the measurement of tensions and speeds of the web.
The Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy controller successfully rejects the effects of the disturbances due to the eccentric unwinding roll and substantially reduces the tension variations in both web spans. The adaptive fuzzy controller outperformed the conventional PID controller as the frequency of the eccentricity disturbance increased.
Design of a Frangible Laminated Composite Launch Tube Closure
Authors: Wang W. T. , Wu J. H. , Kam T. Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The concepts of designing a laminated composite frangible launch tube closure are elaborated. The frangible closure is a convex shell structure of which the external failure pressure is much higher than the internal failure pressure. The frangible closure is designed in such a way that when subjected to an internal impulsive pressure of magnitude greater than certain value, the closure will be broken into several pieces in accordance with a predetermined failure pattern. A number of frangible closures of different sizes are fabricated and subjected to burst strength tests. The failure modes and the effects of some specific design variables on the burst strength of the closure are studied using the experimental results. Basically, the frangible closure can achieve the design objectives.
Composite Materials Use: A Particular Case of Safety-Related Service Water Pipes
Authors: Le Courtois Th. , Pays M. F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper shows the present and future uses of composite materials in French nuclear and fossil-fuel power plants. It sets the EDF composite materials market in the general composite materials market and shows the great interest that EDF takes in these materials which are corrosion resistant in most fluid handling applications.
Electricité de France has decided to install composite materials in service water piping in its nuclear power plant (PWR) at Civaux (West of France) and for the first time in France, in safety-related applications. Our requirements are thus much more severe than is usually the case and the choices (for the basic materials, the manufacturing, the design rules, and the non destructive testing methods) have to be justified before our Safety Authorities.
A wide range of studies has been performed about the durability, the control and damage mechanisms of those materials under service conditions among an ongoing Research and Development project. The main results are presented under the following headlines:
• Selection of basic materials and manufacturing processes,
• Aging processes (mechanical behavior during « lifetime »),
• Design rules,
• Non destructive examination during manufacturing process and during operation.
The studies have been focused on epoxy glass pipings: the actual application is the circuits for the nuclear power plant in Civaux, the supplies and installation of the pipes have largely begun.
We underline the importance of strong quality insurance policy requirements towards production and installation companies. We present a study of the use of composite pipes in power plants (hydraulic, fossil fuel, and nuclear) in France whether it be safety related or non safety-related applications. We present the different technical solutions for materials and manufacturing processes and an economic comparison between steel and composite pipes. Finally, we give the general conclusions of the R&D program.
Magnetic Calibration by Tetrahedral Interpolation
Authors: Briggs William 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for discovering a work area’s magnetic characteristics using relatively sparse data from a magnetic tracker. It then explains a method based on creating tetrahedrons to create a lookup table used in compensating for the positional data component quickly during runtime. The paper also describes initial “before” and “after” results for a noisy lab, including visuals and statistical data. Finally new techniques are discussed for further refinement and future development.
Digital Humans in Virtual Environments
Authors: Yee Andrew , Nebel Kyle J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the cooperative research and development work between Delphi Interior Systems (formerly known as Delphi interior & Lighting Systems) and the U.S. Army’s Tank Automotive & Armaments Command, Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC). Technical Areas addressed include real time human interaction, scripted simulations, alternative approaches to scripting, digital human factor analysis, and how ergonomic software interfaces with virtual manufacturing/simulation environments.
Virtual Manufacturing Tools in the Product Design Environment
Authors: Braun Ronald C. , Marx Warren G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Design and manufacturing modeling and simulation have been identified as important to the principles of lean product development. Early in the product development cycle, the use of three-dimensional (3-D) engineering models allows us to electronically (or virtually) prototype physical products, and conduct product feasibility and producibility studies. Manufacturing issues can be identified early and used to drive the product design toward the lowest cost. This paper describes the Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC) approach to extending classic prototype simulation to virtual manufacturing (VM) tools that accommodate the visualization of interacting production processes, process planning, scheduling, and assembly planning. Previous simulation tools were limited to the design environment. Our tools not only support design; they also provide functionality by bringing the results to the assembly floor. The use of these tools has resulted in “first-time quality” both above and on the shop floor, with significant reductions in product cost and cycle time.
A Virtual Reality Enabling Parameterization of CFD Simulations for Non-Empty Room Layout Design
Authors: Giallorenzo Vito , Banerjee Pat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new approach of establishing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Virtual Reality (VR) design interface is described. Near optimal configuration of all the parameters affecting the contaminant removal is the most important factor that determines the effectiveness of the cleanliness of the indoor air. The main limitation encountered in applying VR to CFD aided design is due to complex and time consuming setup and computation steps of a CFD analysis. Consequently a CFD computation of the airflow pattern is done separately with a traditional CFD solver and then the data is imported in VR. This makes it infeasible to use CFD/VR to analyze a large number of layout design alternatives.
A novel method for overcoming this problem has been conceptualized by using a VR preprocessing step. A mathematical expression of the dependence of the contaminant removal effectiveness on room parameters has been developed based on the experimental result. In this way, the selected set of preferred solutions is selected among the enormous number of possible alternatives. The restricted set of room layouts is further investigated by VR analysis of the CFD simulation. This provides insight for an effective positioning of all parameters for room air cleanliness. This two step CFD/VR aided design technique allows overcoming the problems that affect the integration of CFD and VR technique in design of contaminant-free environments.
The methodology is well suited for the design of special indoor environments such as tuberculosis hospital facilities, clean rooms and certain electronic, pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing facility rooms with special contamination control requirements.