bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN I. BERLIN'S INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
Authors: Потамская Вера Павловна 
Published: December 2021

Рассматривается трактовка И. Берлином концепта «свободы». Берлин сосредотачивается на дифференциации негативной и позитивной свободы, поддерживая негативную свободу, восходящую к классической английской политической философии. Понятие позитивной свободы связывается Берлином с континентальной мыслью - воззрениями Г.В.Ф. Гегеля, Ж.Ж. Руссо, И. Гердера и К. Маркса. Он указывает, что позитивная свобода может переродиться в свою противоположность - деспотизм. Негативная свобода, в свою очередь, не претерпевает превращения во что-то настолько далекое от ее изначального значения.
The article is devoted to I. Berlin's interpretation of the concept of «freedom». Berlin focuses on the differentiation of negative and positive freedom, supporting negative freedom that goes back to classical English political philosophy. Berlin connects the concept of positive freedom with continental thought - the views of G.V.F. Hegel, J.J. Rousseau, I. Herder and K. Marx. Berlin points out that positive freedom can be reborn into its opposite - despotism. Negative freedom, in turn, doesn’t turn into something so far from its original meaning.
Inclusive Practices in the Existing School Environment: Parental Perceptions and Concerns
Authors: Khalid Laila , Malik Saima , Asghar Muhammad Zaheer 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This qualitative research paper explores the factors affecting parental perceptions and concerns about inclusive education. It also investigates the factors influencing the access and participation of children with disabilities in mainstream schools.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Ten parents (n=10) of children with and without disabilities were selected through purposive sampling from inclusive primary schools of Punjab. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were employed for data collection and analysis.
Findings: Findings revealed that parents of children with disabilities are more inclined towards inclusive education. Reactions of parents, quality of instruction and institutional support have created a feeling of un-certainty and dissatisfaction amongst the parents of children with disabilities about inclusion. Large class sizes and time constraints have been established as barriers to inclusion.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study would be beneficial for the school department to consider the factors adversely affecting the process of inclusion. Parents’ guidance and counselling may be made mandatory to make inclusive education successful.
A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices in Emerging Economies towards their Goals of Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Sabah Rahat 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The study aims to offer a review of trade policies and Export Processing Zones (EPZs) policies and their outcomes in developing economies. The EPZs are presented as a trade policy tool by using which the developing economies trying to pursue export-led growth policy can also achieve the goals of sustainable economic development.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study has followed qualitative research design using literature review logical and qualitative text analysis to critically summarize the trade theories, policies and growth theories specially the EPZs based trade policy in developing countries.
Finding: The study has revealed that the developing countries are enhancing their economic growth and expanding their economic sectors through international trade. The mercantilist trade policies under infant industry argument or others have not been much successful in spurring long term growth. EPZs are identified as a strategic trade policy tool by which developing countries can achieve economic growth and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Implications/Originality/Value: It is concluded that the infant-industry idea has not helped developing countries regarding economic growth and development. The findings presented herein are useful for political leaders and economic managers in developing countries aspiring to achieve economic growth and SDGs.
Provision of Technical and Vocational Education and Training to Needy Youth in Punjab: An Explanatory Study
Authors: Nayab Dur-e- , Chaudhry Abid Hussain , Fatima Ghulam 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The main focus of the study was to explain the perspective of the principals of Vocational Training Institutions (VTIs) on the provision of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to deprived and needy youth. These institutions are being run by Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). This paper is an intellectual effort to search out the strengths and weaknesses of TVET program and to find out the actual needs of the institutes for providing quality technical and vocational education.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was qualitative in nature. An in depth interview schedule, validated by a panel of three experts, was designed to collect data. The population of the study consisted of all 208 principals working in VTIs in Punjab. The sample of study consisted of 20 principals (10% of the population) who were randomly selected from all the institutes of Punjab.
Findings: Results revealed that TVET is an effective tool for imparting skills to the deprived and needy youth which enables them to live their lives with prosperity and dignity. Additionally, it is an important factor to alleviate poverty. On the other hand, TVET program is lacking in provision of latest equipment, trained and sufficient staff and demand driven skills.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study will be beneficial to policy makers, provincial government and the authorities of Punjab Vocational Training Council.
An Empirical Investigation of E-banking Service Quality Customer Trust and Customer Loyalty of Pakistani Banks
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Hussain Farheen Zahrah , Naheed Khawar , Shahid Muhammad Sadiq 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Technological evolution has transformed businesses in the new era. Modern paradigms shift towards adoption of gadgets that has changed the methods of providing services to clients. Banks provided themselves with the current contrivances to offer creative and dynamic types of assistance to customers. Banks has now offering "advanced and digital banking" through e-banking services to facilitate their customers. However, there are several e-banking services depends on e-service quality that affects loyalty of their customers. The main purpose of the current study is to measure the direct relationship of e-banking service quality on customer loyalty and also indirect effect of trust as mediating variable.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected from 250 clients using questionnaire from top five commercialized banks of Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data.
Findings: This study found significant direct effect of e-banking service quality through its three dimensions “reliability, website design and security” on customer loyalty. In addition, the results also supported the mediation of three dimensions of e-banking service quality with customer loyalty.
Implications/Originality/Value: All three dimensions increase the customer loyalty and trust played important role it this mechanism.
What Drives Individual Investors to Invest in Mutual Funds in a Developing Economy
Authors: Mwanza Manasseh , Chisanga Stella Zulu , Chanda Shikaputo , Mpembele Stephen 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate factors that influence investment in mutual funds by individual investors in a developing economy. Drawing insights from the theory of planned behaviour, the study identified and tested the effect of awareness, attitude, financial literacy and preference for other competing investments on intention to invest in mutual funds by individual investors.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from 280 respondents in Zambia. Data was analysed using correlations and hierarchical regression models.
Findings: The study reveals that awareness and attitude towards mutual funds significantly influence intention to invest in mutual funds. Surprisingly, financial literacy and preference for other investments do not significantly affect an individual investor’s intention to invest in mutual funds.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study contributes to the financial services marketing literature by increasing understanding of individual investors’ investment decisions and drivers that influence intention to invest in mutual funds in Zambia. The study recommends that mutual funds marketers should invest more in building awareness and positive attitude towards investment in mutual funds in order to develop retail demand. Also, investment companies and financial services marketing policy makers should carefully consider their financial literacy programmes as the study reveals that financial literacy and competing investments are not significant drivers.
Inclusive Education Opportunities in Punjab Pakistan: A Locale Based Comparison
Authors: Jahanzaib Muhammad , Fatima Ghulam , Nayab Dur-e- 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The constitution of Pakistan firmly stated that no discrimination of opportunities will be tolerated among the citizens of Pakistan on behalf of color, creed, language, disability etc. But unfortunately, the dream of equality could not become reality. Inclusive education has been taking significant importance for the education of persons with disabilities (PWD’s) for a few decades. But, without equal opportunities, the seed of inclusion can never be fertiled. This study is an effort to depict the difference of existing inclusive education opportunities between rural and urban secondary schools of Punjab Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Survey method was used to collect data from 196 male and female teachers serving in rural and urban secondary schools of conveniently selected five districts viz Okara, Lahore, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, and, kasur with a self-reporting questionnaire named Research Questionnaire on the Condition of Available Inclusive Education Opportunities in Secondary Schools of Punjab. For cross-validation, an interview schedule was made to take data from 17 students with disabilities. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
Findings: The study found that there was no significant difference of inclusive education opportunities in rural and urban secondary schools of Punjab.
Implications/Originality/Value: However special students denied various opportunities claimed by the inclusive education teachers.
An Assessment of Financial Stability of Textile Sector of Pakistan: An Altman Z Score Approach
Authors: Chandio Peeral , Talpur Arifa Bano 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The study purpose is to examine the financial stability of Pakistani textile enterprises. Investment towards textile is crucial to boost the textile sector’s financial performance, which can be analyzed by adopting the model of Altman Z-score.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The Altman Z-score approach is a method, applied to analyze the financial stability of textile firms for seven years from 2013-2014 to 2019-2020 through the annual reports of textile firms which were taken from companies’ website and PSX links. Quantitative analysis is done by MS-Excel using simple random sampling technique of secondary data of 10 firms taken from 5% listed companies.
Findings:Finding of the study shows that financial performance of textile sector lies in all three zones of safe, grey and distress zones. 30% of textile sector falls in safe zone, 40% falls in grey while only 30% of textile sector of Pakistan falls in distress zone. Average result of textile sector of Pakistan is in grey zone, which shows the companies can get safe zone if they control required ratios.
Implications/Originality/Value: Result shows that textile firms of Pakistan may improve financial performance and stability because it lies in grey zone by controlling their financial ratios which are the part of Altman Z-Score model.
Maritime Climate in the Canary Islands and its Implications for the Construction of Coastal Infrastructures
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C. 
Published: December 2021

Islands are isolated systems that depend on maritime trade for their subsistence. Efficient, durable and structurally reliable port infrastructures are essential for the economic and social development of islands. However, not all port infrastructures are designed in the same way. They can vary, depending on whether they are built on continental land, built on non-volcanic islands or built on volcanic oceanic islands (such as the Canary Islands, Spain). The latter islands are the subject of this study due to their specific features, construction difficulties and the importance of sound maritime infrastructures. The maritime climate of an area consists of the wave and storm regimes that affect it and, from these, the coastal dynamics and coastal formations of that area can be studied. For this reason, historical data were collated on significant directional wave heights from 1958 to 2015 from several WANA-SIMAR points in the virtual buoy network of State Ports of Spain located near the Canary Islands. These data have been studied to obtain the maximum directional wave heights (Hs) at each point. With this analysis, we have obtained useful summary tables to calculate wave height by a graphic method that transforms the distribution function into a line drawn on probabilistic paper, using reduced variables. This enables adjustments to be made by linear regression and minimum square methods to facilitate planning and design of maritime infrastructures in a reliable way. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-02 Full Text: PDF
Identifying and Measuring Biophilic Planning Indicators in Riverside Neighborhoods
Authors: Alaskary Abdulhussien Abdali , Alrobaee Tuqa R. 
Published: December 2021

Biophilic planning is one of the important trends in achieving sustainability and nature conservation, especially in areas that contain natural elements. Since in the case of climate change and urban encroachment on natural habitats, taking care of nature and investing its components properly is a necessity, not a choice. As well as the agreement among many researchers about the social, economic and environmental benefits provided by biophilic planning, which is based mainly on the idea of connecting people with nature. This study aims to provide a guide to planners, urban designers, and decision-makers, including how to deal with residential neighborhoods that contain natural elements such as rivers by depending on a specific methodology based on previous literature and deriving effective indicators in this type of neighborhood. The results of the theoretical framework showed that there are eleven effective indicators, some of which are measured by descriptive methods and some by quantitative methods. These indicators have been applied in one of the neighborhoods of the Iraqi Kufa City overlooking the Euphrates River. The results showed that the study area lacks standards and indicators of biophilic planning. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-03 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Parametric Study of Fully Encased Composite Columns Subjected to Cyclic Loading
Authors: Alsamawi Almoutaz Bellah , Boumechra Nadir , Hamdaoui Karim 
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the cyclic behaviour of steel-concrete encased composite columns. By investigating the cover concrete and the steel-concrete coefficient of friction on the behaviour (strength, ductility, stiffness, and energy dissipation) of composite columns subjected to combined axial load and cyclically increasing lateral load to improve the strength and performance of the composite column. Eight of the columns were designed to study the cover concrete effect, and eleven other columns were designed to study the coefficient of friction effect in the dynamic behaviour to the cyclic load. Additionally, in this study, the finite element models created in ANSYS software were verified and calibrated against previously published experimental results (load-displacement curve, load capacity and failure mode). The numerical results obtained from the finite element model indicate that the ductility and the energy dissipated increased by +11.71 and +18.93% receptively by the increase of the cover concrete until reaching the limit of the cover concrete. Beyond this limit, the ductility and the energy decrease by 27.33 and 24.97% receptively. The results also indicate that the ductility and the energy dissipated increased by 12.62 and 7.82% receptively by the increased coefficient of friction until reach 0.6, after that the energy decreases by 4.47%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-04 Full Text: PDF
Exact Three-Dimensional Stability Analysis of Plate Using an Direct Variational Energy Method
Authors: Onyeka F. C. , Mama B. O. , Okeke T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, direct variational calculus was put into practical use to analyses the three dimensional (3D) stability of rectangular thick plate which was simply supported at all the four edges (SSSS) under uniformly distributed compressive load. In the analysis, both trigonometric and polynomial displacement functions were used. This was done by formulating the equation of total potential energy for a thick plate using the 3D constitutive relations, from then on, the equation of compatibility was obtained to determine the relationship between the rotations and deflection. In the same way, governing equation was obtained through minimization of the total potential energy functional with respect to deflection. The solution of the governing equation is the function for deflection. Functions for rotations were obtained from deflection function using the solution of compatibility equations. These functions, deflection and rotations were substituted back into the energy functional, from where, through minimizations with respect to displacement coefficients, formulas for analysis were obtained. In the result, the critical buckling loads from the present study are higher than those of refined plate theories with 7.70%, signifying the coarseness of the refined plate theories. This amount of difference cannot be overlooked. However, it is shown that, all the recorded average percentage differences between trigonometric and polynomial approaches used in this work and those of 3D exact elasticity theory is lower than 1.0%, confirming the exactness of the present theory. Thus, the exact 3D plate theory obtained, provides a good solution for the stability analysis of plate and, can be recommended for analysis of any type of rectangular plates under the same loading and boundary condition. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-05 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Simulation of the Stability of Rock Mass around Large Underground Cavern
Authors: Kien Dang Van , Anh Do Ngoc , Thai Do Ngoc 
Published: December 2021

Geotechnical problems are complicated to the extent and cannot be expected in other areas since non-uniformities of existing discontinuous, pores in materials and various properties of the components. At present, it is extremely difficult to develop a program for tunnel analysis that considers all complicated factors. However, tunnel analysis has made remarkable growth for the past several years due to the development of numerical analysis method and computer development, given the situation that it was difficult to solve formula of elasticity, viscoelasticity, and plasticity for the dynamic feature of the ground when the constituent laws, yielding conditions of ground materials, geometrical shape and boundary conditions of the structure were simulated in the past. The stability of rock mass around an underground large cavern is the key to the construction of large-scale underground projects. In this paper, the stability analysis was carried out based on those parameters by using 2D FEM RS2 program. The calculated stress and displacements of surrounding rock and rock support by FEM analysis were compared with those allowable values. The pattern of deformation, stress state, and the distribution of plastic areas are analyzed. Finally, the whole stability of surrounding rock mass of underground caverns was evaluated by Rock Science - RS2 software. The calculated axial forces were far below design capacity of rock bolts. The strong rock mass strength and high horizontal to vertical stress ratio enhanced safe working conditions throughout the excavation period. Thus wide span caverns and the system of caverns could be stability excavated sedimentary rock during the underground cavern and the system of caverns excavation by blasting method. The new method provides a reliable way to analyze the stability of the caverns and the system of caverns and also will help to design or optimize the subsequent support. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-06 Full Text: PDF
DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS AS A MEANINGFUL RESULT OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Davidov David 
Published: December 2021

The article touches upon the problems of theory and practice of legal regulation. In a modern state, legal regulation is one of the most effective forms of social regulation. This determines the relevance of this topic. In turn, legal regulation should be based on a scientific theory – the theory of legal regulation, which, despite the attention paid to it by scientists, contains a number of controversial points, inaccuracies and errors.
The author comes to the conclusion that the meaningful result of legal regulation can be both the development and conservation of public relations. In this context, we can talk about the relevant functions of law.
PERAN BADAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN, PENDAPATAN DAN ASET DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK MINERAL BUKAN LOGAM DAN BATUAN
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Syoufi , M. Nazaruddin M. Nazaruddin , Abubakar Rusydi 
Published: December 2021

This research examines the role Financial Management Agency, Revenue in Increasing Non-Metal Mineral and Rock Tax Revenue, it is known that in 2016-2020 there was a significant decrease in the realization of tax revenues (in 2016 the realization was Rp. 1.887.075.092,- until 2020 the realization only reached Rp. 305.450.406,-). This decrease was due to a change in the collection system used in collecting taxes on non-metallic minerals and rocks in 2016-2020 from an official assessment system to a self assessment system. The theory used to analyze the problem is the implementation theory according to Edwards III with four main indicators including communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research method use a gualitative approach. Date collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that tax revenues for non-metallic minerals and rocks continued to decline in Bener Meriah Regency from 2016-2020, using the self assessment system as a system for collecting taxes on non-metallic minerals and rocks that were still not effectively implemented. What steps are taken to increase tax revenues for non-metallic minerals and rocks in Bener Meriah Regency are due to the lack of socialization of the regulations that have been set and coordination of information delivery among tiered officials. Resources that are lacking in carrying out supervision in the form of tax collectors for non-metallic minerals and rocks.Weak disposition with lack of seriousness in tax collection management. The bureaucratic structure with a lack of coordination is the cause of the lack of information and communication carried out by officials who collect taxes on non-metallic minerals and rocks at BPKPA, Bener Meriah Regency