bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of groundwater potential using integrated geophysical methods in Moloko-Asipa, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi A. A. , Ganiyu S. A. , Idowu O. A. , Ogabi A. F. , Popoola O. I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWater is essential for livelihood, development, and industrial growth. Its exploration in sufficient quantity is required where it does not freely occur on the surface. This research was aimed to delineate aquifer regions and provide information on the subsurface lithology of Moloko-Asipa Southwestern Nigeria. A combination of eight traverses investigated with very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method at 5 m constant sampling interval and ten vertical electrical sounding (VES) were carried out in the survey. Measurements from the VLF-EM survey were processed with Karous and Hjelt filtering to give the resistivity contrast across the selected profiles. The VES data processing involved an automatic approximation of the initial resistivity and thickness of the geoelectric layers with IPI2Win and further filtering by WinResist iteration. Estimation of Dar-Zarrouk parameters was also employed to investigate the aquifer protective capacity of the area. The processed VLF-EM results showed the geology of the area to an average depth of 25 m. The geoelectric section of the VES data revealed minimum of 3 layers from sandy top soil to weathered layer and fresh basement with an average resistivity values of 1,816, 926 and 17,503 Ωm, respectively. The integration of VLF-EM and VES in the investigation revealed that the potential for groundwater exploration in the study area is poor due to the thin nature of the weathered layer and its shallow depth to basement. The aquifer protective capacity of the area was likewise inferred to be poor.
Hydrochemical evaluation of river Ajali water for irrigational application in agricultural farmland
Authors: Abugu Hillary Onyeka , Egwuonwu Pamela Favour , Ihedioha Janefrances Ngozi , Ekere Nwachukwu Romanus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA major population of Udi and Ezeagu communities residing along river Ajali is peasant farmers who engage in the cultivation of vegetables along the river banks during the dry seasons. The existence of beverage industries around the 9th Mile Corner Ngwo of Enugu State has caused both communities to suffer from a shortage of quality drinking water, due to the constant discharge of wastewater by these industries into the Ajali River, which flows through these communities. Ajali River water near some beverage industries was then assessed for irrigation application. Water samples were collected from different locations along the river. Physicochemical and ionic parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Irrigation water criteria were applied, and the result showed that the major cation and anions were Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+and HCO3−, SO42−,$${\text{PO}}_{4}^{3- }$$PO43-, NO3−, Cl−, CO3− .Na+was dominant with 43% average contribution of all the cations, while the least was Mg2+with 4% average contribution; HCO3−was the dominant anion with 31% contribution while$${\text{PO}}_{4}^{3- }$$PO43-was the least with 2% average contribution. The trend of the cations was Na+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+while the anions were HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > CO3− > PO43−. The cation concentrations were within FAO irrigation water specifications. However, some samples recorded higher values of carbonate above FAO limit (0–3 mg/L). All the irrigation assessment criteria suggested that Ajali River water is suitable for irrigation purposes.
Species Transformation Through Reconstruction: Reconstruction Through Active Reaction of Organisms
Authors: Böker Hans 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComparative biological morphology, incorporating the study of active reaction, is contrasted with genetics as the study of passive mutation. Geneticists investigate anatomical characters, never anatomical constructions, which are capable of reorganization when the biological-morphological equilibrium of the organism has been disturbed. The anatomy of Opisthocomus cristatus and Stringops habroptilus demonstrate that three successive disturbances in the bio-morphological equilibrium are reacted to purposively by anatomical reconstruction. These reactions are no accidental mutations, but are anatomical reactions, related to, and affecting, the organism as a whole. In sharp contrast to such anatomical reaction, resulting, during phylogeny, in reorganization, are the “technics” [i.e., mechanistic bases] of individual development. The hereditary process is, like every physiological or embryological process, a fixed mechanism, which remains constant until an active reaction leads to reconstruction and at the same time an appropriate change of the mechanisms. The remolding of species is therefore no passive, “technical” process, but a creative act of the organisms themselves. [Original English abstract; not translated.]
Childhood maltreatment, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal thoughts among adolescents receiving substance use treatment services
Authors: Tubman Jonathan G. , Oshri Assaf , Duprey Erinn B. , Sutton Tara E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionChildhood maltreatment experiences are associated with future suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, yet the roles of specific psychiatric symptoms mediating this relation remain to be clarified. To clarify these relations, we tested a model incorporating multiple forms of childhood maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical punishment, emotional neglect), past year psychiatric disorder symptoms during adolescence (anxiety, mood, and conduct disorders) and recent suicidal thoughts.MethodsWe administered structured interviews to 394 adolescents receiving outpatient substance use treatment services in the Southeastern United States (280 males; Mage = 16.33; SDage = 1.15). Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to evaluate the degree to which relations between childhood maltreatment and suicidal thoughts were mediated by specific past‐year psychiatric symptoms.ResultsMood disorder symptoms significantly mediated the relation between neglect/negative home environment and suicidal thoughts. This path of influence did not vary by gender.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment and subsequent psychopathology influence suicidal thoughts among adolescents receiving substance use treatment services. The findings of the present study have implications for the adaptation and delivery of substance use treatment services to adolescents to enhance treatment engagement and outcomes.
Local brand entry and incumbent variety response: evidence from the ice cream market
Authors: Dong Xiao , Klaiber H. Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate incumbent brands’ response to entry and increased competition in a large retail setting. We extend the nonprice competition and manufacturer stocking literatures by examining if incumbent brands increase quality, specifically increasing the number of varieties (product-line length), in response to entry of a new local brand in the ice cream market. We use the entry of a new, local, super-premium ice cream brand in a large supermarket chain as a quasi-natural experiment and empirically examine if incumbent ice cream brands increased the product-line length in stores carrying the new brand. Using Poisson difference-in-differences estimators, we find that incumbent brands increased the number of varieties offered by 0.9 (3 percent) after the new brand's entry, with most of the responses coming from super-premium ice cream, which increased the number of varieties offered by 2.9 (12 percent) product choices. These findings contribute new insights into quality changes, manufacturer stocking decisions, and nonprice competition associated with entry of a local brand into the food retail sector.
Value of peer mentoring for early career professional, research, and personal development: a case study of implementation scientists
Authors: Dickson Kelsey S. , Glass Joseph E. , Barnett Miya L. , Graham Andrea K. , Powell Byron J. , Stadnick Nicole A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Effective mentoring is a key mechanism propelling successful research and academic careers, particularly for early career scholars. Most mentoring programs focus on models pairing senior and early career researchers, with limited focus on peer mentoring. Peer mentoring may be especially advantageous within emerging areas such as implementation science (IS) where challenges to traditional mentoring may be more prevalent. This special communication highlights the value of peer mentoring by describing a case study of an early career IS peer mentoring group. We delineate our curriculum and structure; support and processes; and products and outcomes. We highlight important group member characteristics to consider during group formation and continuation. The group’s long-term (6 years) success was attributed to the balance of similarities and differences among group members. Members were in a similar career phase and used similar methodologies but studied different health topics at different institutions. Group members gave and received instrumental and psychosocial support and shared resources and knowledge. Peer mentoring can serve an important function to provide emotional, logistical, and professional development support for early career scholars. Our case study highlights strategies to foster peer mentoring groups that provide a generalizable blueprint and opportunity for improved outcomes for early career professionals.
Clinical trial enrollment at a rural satellite hospital during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sedhai Yub Raj , Sears Melissa , Vecchiè Alessandra , Bonaventura Aldo , Greer Joan , Spence Kathryn , Tackett Hilary , Turner Juanita , Pak Mary , Patel Nimesh , Black Mellisa , Wohlford George , Clary Rick Earle , Duke Christina , Hardin Mary , Kemp Heather , Priday Anna , Sims Earl Kenneth , Mihalick Virginia , Ho Ai-Chen , Ibe Ikenna , Harmon Mary , Markley Roshanak , Van Tassell Benjamin , Abbate Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Controlled clinical trials (CCTs) have traditionally been limited to urban academic clinical centers. Implementation of CCTs in rural setting is challenged by lack of resources, the inexperience of patient care team members in CCT conductance and workflow interruption, and global inexperience with remote data monitoring.Methods:We report our experience during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in activating through remote monitoring a multicenter clinical trial (the Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab Treatment for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in Participants with COVID-19-induced Pneumonia [CAN-COVID] trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04362813) at a rural satellite hospital, the VCU Health Community Memorial Hospital (VCU-CMH) in South Hill, VA, that is part of the larger VCU Health network, with the lead institution being VCU Health Medical College of Virginia Hospital (VCU-MCV), Richmond, VA. We used the local resources at the facility and remote guidance and oversight from the VCU-MCV resources using a closed-loop communication network. Investigational pharmacy, pathology, and nursing were essential to operate the work in coordination with the lead institution.Results:Fifty-one patients with COVID-19 were enrolled from May to August 2020, 35 (69%) at VCU-MCV, and 16 (31%) at VCU-CMH. Among the patients enrolled at VCU-CMH, 37.5% were female, 62.5% Black, and had a median age of 60 (interquartile range 56–68) years.Conclusion:Local decentralization of this trial in our experience gave rural patients access to a novel treatment and also accelerated enrollment and more diverse participants’ representative of the target population.
A multi-institutional partnership catalyzing the commercialization of medical devices and biotechnology products
Authors: Hafer Nathaniel , Buchholz Bryan , Dunlap Denise , Fournier Brennan , Latham Scott , Picard Mary Ann , Tello Steven , Gibson Laura , Lilly Craig M. , McManus David D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The commercialization of medical devices and biotechnology products is characterized by high failure rates and long development lead times particularly among start-up enterprises. To increase the success rate of these high-risk ventures, the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML) and University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) partnered to create key academic support centers with programs to accelerate entrepreneurship and innovation in this industry. In 2008, UML and UMMS founded the Massachusetts Medical Device Development Center (M2D2), which is a business and technology incubator that provides business planning, product prototyping, laboratory services, access to clinical testing, and ecosystem networking to medical device and biotech start-up firms. M2D2 has three physical locations that encompass approximately 40,000 square feet. Recently, M2D2 leveraged these resources to expand into new areas such as health security, point of care technologies for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders, and rapid diagnostics to detect SARS-CoV-2. Since its inception, M2D2 has vetted approximately 260 medical device and biotech start-up companies for inclusion in its programs and provided active support to more than 80 firms. This manuscript describes how two UMass campuses leveraged institutional, state, and Federal resources to create a thriving entrepreneurial environment for medical device and biotech companies.
Prehospital Triage by Lay Person First Responders: A Scoping Review and Proposal for a new Prehospital Triage Tool
Authors: Jetten Wesley D , Seesink Jeroen , Klimek Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The primary aim of this study is to review the available tools for prehospital triage in case of mass casualty incidents and secondly, to develop a tool which enables lay person first responders (LPFRs) to perform triage and start basic life support in mass casualty incidents.Methods:In July 2019, online databases were consulted. Studies addressing prehospital triage methods for lay people were analyzed. Secondly, a new prehospital triage tool for LPFRs was developed. Therefore, a search for prehospital triage models available in literature was conducted and triage actions were extracted.Results:The search resulted in 6188 articles, and after screening, a scoping review of 4 articles was conducted. All articles stated that there is great potential to provide accurate prehospital triage by people with no healthcare experience. Based on these findings, and combined with the pre-existing prehospital triage tools, we developed a, not-yet validated, prehospital triage tool for lay people, which may improve disaster awareness and preparedness and might positively contribute to community resilience.Conclusion:The prehospital triage tool for lay person first responders may be useful and may help professional medical first responders to determine faster, which casualties most urgently need help in a mass casualty incident.
Facilitating design: examining the effects of facilitator’s neutrality on trust and potency in an exploratory experimental study
Authors: Wróbel Agata Ewa , Lomberg Carina , Cash Philip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFacilitation style appears to be an important determinant of design team effectiveness. The neutrality of the group facilitator may be a key factor; however, the characteristics and impact of neutrality are relatively understudied. In a designed classroom setting, we examine the impact of two different approaches to group facilitation: (i) facilitator’s neutrality expressed as low equidistance and high impartiality and (ii) facilitator’s neutrality expressed as high equidistance and low impartiality, onteam trust,trust to the facilitatorandteam potency.To do this, we conducted a repeated-measures experiment with a student sample. Our results indicate that facilitators expressing neutrality through low equidistance and high impartiality had a greater positive impact on team trust. The two approaches did not differ on team potency and facilitator trust. These results contribute to developing theories of design facilitation and team effectiveness by suggesting how facilitation may shape team trust and potency in group design. Based on our findings, we point to the need for future work to further examine the impact of facilitator’s process awareness and neutrality, and show how facilitation methods may benefit teams during creative design teamwork.
Physical prototyping rationale in design student projects: an analysis based on the concept of purposeful prototyping
Authors: Petrakis Konstantinos , Wodehouse Andrew , Hird Abigail 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrototyping constitutes a major theme of design education and an integral part of engineering design academic courses. Physical prototypes and the model building process, in particular, have been proved to boost students’ creativity and resourcefulness and assist in the better evaluation of concepts. However, students’ usage of prototypes has still not been explored in depth with the aim of being transformed into educational guidelines. This paper presents an investigation of students’ reasoning behind prototyping activities based on the concept of Purposeful Prototyping, developed in the authors’ previous work. This is performed by identifying instances of prototype use in students’ design projects and by discovering which types of prototyping purposes they apply and to what extent, as well as by studying the relationships between purposes, early design stages, academic performance and project planning. The analysis of the results shows that prototyping can support students’ learning objectives by acting as a project scheduling tool and highlights the contribution of early-stage prototyping in academic performance. It is also confirmed that students’ limited prototyping scope prevents them from gaining prototyping’s maximum benefits and that they require strategic guidelines tailored to their needs. A new, improved list of prototyping purposes is proposed based on the study’s results.
Cantor spectrum for CMV and Jacobi matrices with coefficients arising from generalized skew-shifts
Authors: JUN HYUNKYU 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider continuous cocycles arising from CMV and Jacobi matrices. Assuming that the Verblunsky and Jacobi coefficients arise from generalized skew-shifts, we prove that uniform hyperbolicity of the associated cocycles is
$C^0$
-dense. This implies that the associated CMV and Jacobi matrices have a Cantor spectrum for a generic continuous sampling map.
Smoothness of solutions of a convolution equation of restricted type on the sphere
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Diogo , Quilodrán René 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Let

$\mathbb {S}^{d-1}$

denote the unit sphere in Euclidean space

$\mathbb {R}^d$

,

$d\geq 2$

, equipped with surface measure

$\sigma _{d-1}$

. An instance of our main result concerns the regularity of solutions of the convolution equation

$$\begin{align*}a\cdot(f\sigma_{d-1})^{\ast {(q-1)}}\big\vert_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}}=f,\text{ a.e. on }\mathbb{S}^{d-1}, \end{align*}$$

where

$a\in C^\infty (\mathbb {S}^{d-1})$

,

$q\geq 2(d+1)/(d-1)$

is an integer, and the only a priori assumption is

$f\in L^2(\mathbb {S}^{d-1})$

. We prove that any such solution belongs to the class

$C^\infty (\mathbb {S}^{d-1})$

. In particular, we show that all critical points associated with the sharp form of the corresponding adjoint Fourier restriction inequality on

$\mathbb {S}^{d-1}$

are

$C^\infty $

-smooth. This extends previous work of Christ and Shao [4] to arbitrary dimensions and general even exponents and plays a key role in the companion paper [24].
Antimicrobial stewardship programs in adult intensive care units in Latin America: Implementation, assessments, and impact on outcomes
Authors: Quirós Rodolfo E. , Bardossy Ana C. , Angeleri Patricia , Zurita Jeannete , Aleman Espinoza Washington R. , Carneiro Marcelo , Guerra Silvia , Medina Julio , Castañeda Luquerna Ximena , Guerra Alexander , Vega Silvio , Cuellar Ponce de Leon Luis E. , Munita José , Escobar Elvio D. , Maki Gina , Prentiss Tyler , Zervos Marcus ,   for the PROA-LATAM Project Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in adult medical–surgical intensive care units (MS-ICUs) in Latin America.Design:Quasi-experimental prospective with continuous time series.Setting:The study included 77 MS-ICUs in 9 Latin American countries.Patients:Adult patients admitted to an MS-ICU for at least 24 hours were included in the study.Methods:This multicenter study was conducted over 12 months. To evaluate the ASPs, representatives from all MS-ICUs performed a self-assessment survey (0–100 scale) at the beginning and end of the study. The impact of each ASP was evaluated monthly using the following measures: antimicrobial consumption, appropriateness of antimicrobial treatments, crude mortality, and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in healthcare-associated infections (MDRO-HAIs). Using final stewardship program quality self-assessment scores, MS-ICUs were stratified and compared among 3 groups: ≤25th percentile, >25th to <75th percentile, and ≥75th percentile.Results:In total, 77 MS-ICU from 9 Latin American countries completed the study. Twenty MS-ICUs reached at least the 75th percentile at the end of the study in comparison with the same number who remain within the 25th percentile (score, 76.1 ± 7.5 vs 28.0 ± 7.3; P < .0001). Several indicators performed better in the MS-ICUs in the 75th versus 25th percentiles: antimicrobial consumption (143.4 vs 159.4 DDD per 100 patient days; P < .0001), adherence to clinical guidelines (92.5% vs 59.3%; P < .0001), validation of prescription by pharmacist (72.0% vs 58.0%; P < .0001), crude mortality (15.9% vs 17.7%; P < .0001), and MDRO-HAIs (9.45 vs 10.96 cases per 1,000 patient days; P = .004).Conclusion:MS-ICUs with more comprehensive ASPs showed significant improvement in antimicrobial utilization.
Improvement in psychological wellbeing among adolescents with a substance use disorder attending an outpatient treatment programme
Authors: Gamage N.M. , Darker C. , Smyth B.P. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit high rates of comorbid psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of an outpatient substance use treatment programme upon the psychological wellbeing of adolescents.Methods:A prospective study was carried out examining psychological symptoms in a group of adolescents attending the Youth Drug and Alcohol (YoDA) Addiction Service in Dublin. Participants were treated with evidenced based psychological models such as cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and systemic family therapy. The Becks Youth Inventory was utilised to assess psychological symptoms at treatment entry and repeated three months later at follow up.Results:Among 36 adolescents who were included in this study, poly-substance misuse was the norm. Almost three-quarter had a cannabis use disorder (CUD). There were significant reductions in mean subscale scores of depression (56.0 to 50.8, p = 0.003), anger (55.2 to 49.5, p < 0.001) and disruptive behaviour (61.6 to 56.5, p = 0.002) at follow up. Although there wasn’t a statistically significant reduction in mean scores for anxiety, we observed a significant proportion of participants (p = 0.008) improving and moving out of a moderate to severe symptom range when examined by category. This was also the case for self-concept (p = 0.04). Furthermore this study revealed a positive correlation between the reduction in days of cannabis use and reduction in depressive scores (Pearson correlation 0.49, p = 0.01) among those with a CUD.Conclusion:The findings indicate that substance use treatment for adolescents is associated with important psychological and behavioural improvements.