bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced hepatic respiratory capacity and altered lipid metabolism support metabolic homeostasis during short-term hypoxic stress
Authors: O’Brien Katie A. , McNally Ben D. , Sowton Alice P. , Murgia Antonio , Armitage James , Thomas Luke W. , Krause Fynn N. , Maddalena Lucas A. , Francis Ian , Kavanagh Stefan , Williams Dominic P. , Ashcroft Margaret , Griffin Julian L. , Lyon Jonathan J. , Murray Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTissue hypoxia is a key feature of several endemic hepatic diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and organ failure. Hypoxia imposes a severe metabolic challenge on the liver, potentially disrupting its capacity to carry out essential functions including fuel storage and the integration of lipid metabolism at the whole-body level. Mitochondrial respiratory function is understood to be critical in mediating the hepatic hypoxic response, yet the time-dependent nature of this response and the role of the respiratory chain in this remain unclear.ResultsHere, we report that hepatic respiratory capacity is enhanced following short-term exposure to hypoxia (2 days, 10% O2) and is associated with increased abundance of the respiratory chain supercomplex III2+IV and increased cardiolipin levels. Suppression of this enhanced respiratory capacity, achieved via mild inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Hypoxic exposure for 2 days led to accumulation of plasma and hepatic long chain acyl-carnitines. This was observed alongside depletion of hepatic triacylglycerol species with total chain lengths of 39-53 carbons, containing palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids, which are associated with de novo lipogenesis. The changes to hepatic respiratory capacity and lipid metabolism following 2 days hypoxic exposure were transient, becoming resolved after 14 days in line with systemic acclimation to hypoxia and elevated circulating haemoglobin concentrations.ConclusionsThe liver maintains metabolic homeostasis in response to shorter term hypoxic exposure through transient enhancement of respiratory chain capacity and alterations to lipid metabolism. These findings may have implications in understanding and treating hepatic pathologies associated with hypoxia.
J-curve relationship between long term glycemic control and mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choi Ik Jun , Choo Eun Ho , Kim Hwa Jung , Lim Sungmin , Moon Donggyu , Lee Kwan Yong , Hwang Byung-Hee , Kim Chan Joon , Park Mahn-Won , Lee Jong-Min , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee-Yeol , Yoo Ki-Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Chung Wook Sung , Kim Min Chul , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Chang Kiyuk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Intensive glycemic control is generally recommended for diabetic patients to reduce complications. However, the role of glycemic control in the mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remained unclear.

Methods
We selected diabetic patients who measured HbA1c more than 3 times after AMI among 10,719 patients enrolled in the multicenter AMI registry. Patients (n = 1384) were categorized into five groups: according to mean HbA1c level: ≤ 6.5%, > 6.5 to ≤ 7.0%, > 7.0 to ≤ 7.5%, > 7.5 to ≤ 8.0% and > 8.0%. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results
During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, the patients with a mean HbA1c of 6.5 to 7.0% had the lowest all-cause mortality. Compared to patients with mean HbA1c of 6.5 to 7.0%, the risk of all-cause mortality increased in subjects with mean HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–3.95) and in those with mean HbA1c > 8.0% (adjusted HR 3.35, 95% CI 1.78–6.29). In the subgroup analysis by age, the J-curve relationship between mean HbA1c and all-cause mortality was accentuated in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years), while there was no difference in all-cause mortality across the HbA1c groups in younger patients (age < 65 years).

Conclusions
The less strict glycemic control in diabetic patients with AMI would be optimal for preventing mortality, especially in elderly patients.
The circular RNA circDLG1 promotes gastric cancer progression and anti-PD-1 resistance through the regulation of CXCL12 by sponging miR-141-3p
Authors: Chen Dong-Liang , Sheng Hui , Zhang Dong-Sheng , Jin Ying , Zhao Bai-Tian , Chen Nuo , Song Kang , Xu Rui-Hua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer; thus, revealing the biological and molecular mechanisms of abnormally expressed circRNAs is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets in gastric cancer.

Methods
A circRNA microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between primary and distant metastatic tissues and between gastric cancer tissues sensitive or resistant to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy. The expression of circRNA discs large homolog 1 (DLG1) was determined in a larger cohort of primary and distant metastatic gastric cancer tissues. The role of circDLG1 in gastric cancer progression was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro, and the effect of circDLG1 on the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 was evaluated in vivo. The interaction between circDLG1 and miR-141-3p was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays.

Results
circDLG1 was significantly upregulated in distant metastatic lesions and gastric cancer tissues resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy and was associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and adverse prognosis in gastric cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Ectopic circDLG1 expression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune evasion of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, circDLG1 interacted with miR-141-3p and acted as a miRNA sponge to increase the expression of CXCL12, which promoted gastric cancer progression and resistance to anti-PD-1-based therapy.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings demonstrate how circDLG1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune evasion and provide a new perspective on the role of circRNAs during gastric cancer progression.
Flow Index accurately identifies breaths with low or high inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation
Authors: Albani Filippo , Fusina Federica , Ciabatti Gianni , Pisani Luigi , Lippolis Valeria , Franceschetti Maria Elena , Giovannini Alessia , di Mussi Rossella , Murgolo Francesco , Rosano Antonio , Grasso Salvatore , Natalini Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Flow Index, a numerical expression of the shape of the inspiratory flow-time waveform recorded during pressure support ventilation, is associated with patient inspiratory effort. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of Flow Index in detecting high or low inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation and to establish cutoff values for the Flow index to identify these conditions. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of Flow index,of breathing pattern parameters and of airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) in detecting high or low inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation.

Methods
Data from 24 subjects was included in the analysis, accounting for a total of 702 breaths. Breaths with high inspiratory effort were defined by a pressure developed by inspiratory muscles (Pmusc) greater than 10 cmH2O while breaths with low inspiratory effort were defined by a Pmusc lower than 5 cmH2O. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of Flow Index and respiratory rate, tidal volume,respiratory rate over tidal volume and P0.1 were analyzed and compared to identify breaths with low or high inspiratory effort.

Results
Pmusc, P0.1, Pressure Time Product and Flow Index differed between breaths with high, low and intermediate inspiratory effort, while RR, RR/VT and VT/kg of IBW did not differ in a statistically significant way. A Flow index higher than 4.5 identified breaths with high inspiratory effort [AUC 0.89 (CI 95% 0.85–0.93)], a Flow Index lower than 2.6 identified breaths with low inspiratory effort [AUC 0.80 (CI 95% 0.76–0.83)].

Conclusions
Flow Index is accurate in detecting high and low spontaneous inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation.
A benchmark of structural variation detection by long reads through a realistic simulated model
Authors: Dierckxsens Nicolas , Li Tong , Vermeesch Joris R. , Xie Zhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate simulations of structural variation distributions and sequencing data are crucial for the development and benchmarking of new tools. We develop Sim-it, a straightforward tool for the simulation of both structural variation and long-read data. These simulations from Sim-it reveal the strengths and weaknesses for current available structural variation callers and long-read sequencing platforms. With these findings, we develop a new method (combiSV) that can combine the results from structural variation callers into a superior call set with increased recall and precision, which is also observed for the latest structural variation benchmark set developed by the GIAB Consortium.
Efficacy of denosumab therapy for a 12-year-old female patient with Williams syndrome with osteoporosis and history of fractures: a case report
Authors: Uehara Masashi , Nakamura Yukio , Suzuki Takako , Sakai Noriko , Takahashi Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundA decrease in bone mineral density is common in patients with Williams syndrome. However, appropriate management for osteoporosis in Williams syndrome patients has not been established. We report the case of a 12-year-old female patient with Williams syndrome, who underwent denosumab treatment for osteoporosis.Case presentationA 12-year-old Japanese female patient with Williams syndrome was shown to have very low bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was evaluated before treatment and at 5, 9, 17, 23, and 29 months of treatment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After denosumab therapy for 29 months, lumbar and total hip bone mineral density values had increased by 51.6% and 37.6%, respectively. No new fractures occurred during the observation period.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first experience with denosumab treatment in Williams syndrome patients with osteoporosis. Based on our findings, denosumab may be an effective treatment option for Williams syndrome patients with osteoporosis.
Machine learning concepts for correlated Big Data privacy
Authors: Biswas Sreemoyee , Khare Nilay , Agrawal Pragati , Jain Priyank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith data becoming a salient asset worldwide, dependence amongst data kept on growing. Hence the real-world datasets that one works upon in today’s time are highly correlated. Since the past few years, researchers have given attention to this aspect of data privacy and found a correlation among data. The existing data privacy guarantees cannot assure the expected data privacy algorithms. The privacy guarantees provided by existing algorithms were enough when there existed no relation between data in the datasets. Hence, by keeping the existence of data correlation into account, there is a dire need to reconsider the privacy algorithms. Some of the research has considered utilizing a well-known machine learning concept, i.e., Data Correlation Analysis, to understand the relationship between data in a better way. This concept has given some promising results as well. Though it is still concise, the researchers did a considerable amount of research on correlated data privacy. Researchers have provided solutions using probabilistic models, behavioral analysis, sensitivity analysis, information theory models, statistical correlation analysis, exhaustive combination analysis, temporal privacy leakages, and weighted hierarchical graphs. Nevertheless, researchers are doing work upon the real-world datasets that are often large (technologically termed big data) and house a high amount of data correlation. Firstly, the data correlation in big data must be studied. Researchers are exploring different analysis techniques to find the best suitable. Then, they might suggest a measure to guarantee privacy for correlated big data. This survey paper presents a detailed survey of the methods proposed by different researchers to deal with the problem of correlated data privacy and correlated big data privacy and highlights the future scope in this area. The quantitative analysis of the reviewed articles suggests that data correlation is a significant threat to data privacy. This threat further gets magnified with big data. While considering and analyzing data correlation, then parameters such as Maximum queries executed, Mean average error values show better results when compared with other methods. Hence, there is a grave need to understand and propose solutions for correlated big data privacy.
Development of an exercise programme for balance abilities in people with multiple sclerosis: a development of concept study using Rasch analysis
Authors: Sattelmayer Karl Martin , Chevalley Odile , Kool Jan , Wiskerke Evelyne , Denkinger Lina Nilsson , Giacomino Katia , Opsommer Emmanuelle , Hilfiker Roger 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) frequently have impaired balance from an early stage of the disease. Balance difficulties can be divided into categories; although, to date, these lack scientific foundation. Impaired balance in PwMS can be addressed using specific and challenging exercises. Such exercises should provide an optimal challenge point; however, the difficulty of balance exercises is often unknown, making it difficult to target the exercises to an individual’s abilities.
The aims of this study were: to develop an exercise programme for PwMS relating the exercises to the balance problem categories; to establish the order of difficulty of exercises in each category and; to evaluate the content and structural validity of the exercise programme.

Methods
A “construct map” approach was used to design and develop an exercise programme for PwMS. Potentially relevant balance exercises were identified, then a framework was set up, comprising four dimensions (subsequently reduced to three dimensions) of balance exercises. The relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness of the exercise programme were rated by 13 physiotherapists, who also linked 19 key exercises to balance categories. A total of 65 PwMS performed the 19 balance exercises, rated their difficulty and commented on the relevance and comprehensibility of each exercise. A Rasch model was used to evaluate the relative difficulty of the exercises. To assess fit of the data to the Rasch model a rating scale model was used, which is a unidimensional latent trait model for polytomous item responses.

Results
Evaluation by the physiotherapists and PwMS indicated that the content validity of the exercise programme was adequate. Rasch analysis showed that the latent trait “balance exercises in PwMS” comprised three subdimensions (“stable BOS”, “sway” and “step and walk”). The 19 balance exercises showed adequate fit to the respective dimensions. The difficulties of the balance exercises were adequate to cover the ability spectrum of the PwMS.

Conclusion
A balance exercise programme for PwMS comprising three dimensions of balance exercises was developed. Difficulty estimates have been established for each of the exercises, which can be used for targeted balance training. Content and structural validity of the programme was adequate.
Broad external validation of a multivariable risk prediction model for gastrointestinal malignancy in iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Almilaji Orouba , Webb Gwilym , Maynard Alec , Chapman Thomas P. , Shine Brian S. F. , Ellis Antony J. , Hebden John , Docherty Sharon , Williams Elizabeth J. , Snook Jonathon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Using two large datasets from Dorset, we previously reported an internally validated multivariable risk model for predicting the risk of GI malignancy in IDA—the IDIOM score. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to validate the IDIOM model using two independent external datasets.

Methods
The external validation datasets were collected, in a secondary care setting, by different investigators from cohorts in Oxford and Sheffield derived under different circumstances, comprising 1117 and 474 patients with confirmed IDA respectively. The data were anonymised prior to analysis. The predictive performance of the original model was evaluated by estimating measures of calibration, discrimination and clinical utility using the validation datasets.

Results
The discrimination of the original model using the external validation data was 70% (95% CI 65, 75) for the Oxford dataset and 70% (95% CI 61, 79) for the Sheffield dataset. The analysis of mean, weak, flexible and across the risk groups’ calibration showed no tendency for under or over-estimated risks in the combined validation data. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical value of the IDIOM model with a net benefit that is higher than ‘investigate all’ and ‘investigate no-one’ strategies up to a threshold of 18% in the combined validation data, using a risk cut-off of around 1.2% to categorise patients into the very low risk group showed that none of the patients stratified in this risk group proved to have GI cancer on investigation in the validation datasets.

Conclusion
This external validation exercise has shown promising results for the IDIOM model in predicting the risk of underlying GI malignancy in independent IDA datasets collected in different clinical settings.
Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with insecticides against the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Aioub Ahmed A. A. , El-Ashry Ramadan M. , Hashem Ahmed S. , Elesawy Ahmed E. , Elsobki Ahmed E. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) with insecticides is a crucial mainstay of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. This study was designed to evaluate the joint action of EPN species and insecticides when employed to deter 3rd and 4th larval instars of cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) under laboratory conditions. EPNs [Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain), S. feltiae (Filipjev), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88), and H. bacteriophora (Ar-4)], at concentrations of 50, 100, and 125 IJs/larva, were tested with 3 insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, emamectin benzoate, and indoxacarb) at LC25 and LC50 values. Additionally, expression profiles of 2 detoxification genes (CYP6AE120 and PrGSTs1) when the 4th instar larvae were treated by H. bacteriophora (HP88) and lambda-cyhalothrin were examined.

Results
Data indicated that statistically significant mortality of 2 larval instars of P. rapae was observed in vitro among EPN species and pesticide concentrations. At concentration of 50 IJs/larva, LT50 values were 2.385 and 3.92 days for S. carpocapsae (All strain) and H. bacteriophora(Ar-4), respectively, on 3rd instar larvae; also, these values were 3.506 and 3.107 days for S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora (Ar-4), respectively, on 4th instar larvae Lambda-cyhalothrin was the most toxic insecticide, followed by emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb at LC25 and LC50, respectively. An additive effect was observed between EPN species with LC25 and LC50 of the tested insecticides, except for lambda-cyhalothrin at LC50 with H. bacteriophora (Ar-4), and indoxacarb, with all EPNs showing antagonistic effects on mortality of 3rd instar larvae after 3 days post-treatment. The interaction between the tested pesticides at LC25 and LC50 and EPN species, showed an additive effect, excluding lambda-cyhalothrin at LC25 with S. carpocapsae (All strain) and LC25 of indoxacarb with H. bacteriophora (Ar-4), which showed potentiation effects. The interaction of S. feltiae (Filipjev) with tested insecticides at LC50 exhibited an antagonistic effect on the mortality of 4th instar P. rapae larvae after 3 days post-treatment. The expression of both CYP6AE120 and PrGSTs1 was significantly up-regulated with lambda-cyhalothrin, followed by H. bacteriophora (HP88) compared to control.

Conclusions
The findings suggested that combining EPNs and the pesticide concentrations can be a practical strategy for managing P. rapae and could pave the way to using new control technologies in protecting organic farm vegetables from lepidopteran pests.
Distribution, diversity and abundance of some insects around a telecommunication mast in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adelaja Olukayode James , Ande Adeolu Taiwo , Abdulraheem Gafar Deji , Oluwakorode Isaac Ayanfe , Oladipo Olushola Abel , Oluwajobi Ayoola Olusegun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The preponderant use of wireless telecommunication in the twenty-first century has enabled ease and efficient communication and a pervasive occurrence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that has significantly impacted the ecosystem. This study looks at the effect of radiations from wireless telecommunication EMF on the distribution, diversity and abundance of some insects in Nigeria. The study was undertaken in Ilorin, Kwara State, which is located in the Guinea Savannah belt of Nigeria. The chosen choice of study area was one with a telecommunication mast devoid of residential and human interference within a 10 km radius. Five sampling stations were selected around the mast and a control station. EMR intensity levels and pollinating insect number were monitored daily for 22 weeks using an acoustimeter and malaise traps. Collected insects were identified morphologically using appropriate keys.

Results
The mean electromagnetic radiation (EMR) intensity was significantly (P < 0.05) highest (1.58 ± 1.52 V/m) at sampling station B, and there was an increase in EMR intensity as the radius reduced around the mast. A total of 1878 insects were recovered from the study with the dominant species in terms of abundance of insects collected from the study being Musca domestica (0.39) followed by Apis mellifera (0.31) and Locusta migratoria (0.30), while the least dominant species Tetramorium caespitum (0.23).

Conclusions
Indeed, EMR intensity has an effect on the distribution, diversity and abundance of insects and there is a need to reduce the number of masts in use in the environment by encouraging telecommunication service providers to jointly use the same mast in an area for broadcast.