bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Branching Point and Course of the Motor Branch of the Nerve to Vastus Medialis
Authors: Elmansoury Amr , Nada Eman , Pessina Monica , Whitney Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the exit point of the motor branch of the nerve to vastus medialis (mNVM) from the posterior division of the femoral nerve. An enhanced understanding of the origin and course of the mNVM will minimize the risk of anesthetizing it when performing a local anesthetic adductor canal nerve block for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty.MethodsAnatomical donors, obtained through generous donation to the Anatomical Gift Program at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), were used in this study. Dissection of the mNVM was performed in 22 body donors (44 lower limbs). Following the dissection, the thigh length, from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the base of the patella was measured. Additionally, the distance from the exit point of the mNVM to the base of the patella was measured. Then, the ratio between the two distances was calculated to provide a straightforward and efficient estimate of the mNVM branch point.Summary of resultsThe mean ± SD thigh length in the 44 lower limbs was 43 cm ± 2.9cm. The mNVM exited the posterior division of the femoral nerve 19.2 cm ± 1.90 cm superior to the base of the patella. The exit point of the mNVM from the posterior division of the femoral nerve was 0.56 ± 0.04 of the distance from the ASIS to the patella base.Pearson correlation was performed in order to examine the relationship between the distance of mNVM from the base of the patella to the total length of the thigh in the 44 limbs. This relationship was significant with P = 0.003.The t‐test revealed no significant difference between male and female body donors in the ratio of the exit point of the mNVM relative to the length of the thigh.ConclusionThe mNVM emerges from the posterior division of the femoral nerve at 0.56 ± 0.04 of the thigh length as measured from the ASIS to the base of the patella. This finding provides clinicians with a practical and useful guide for determining the injection point for an adductor canal nerve block, a procedure utilized for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty. Avoiding the mNVM during the block will avoid weakening the vastus medialis muscle and may result in greater patient participation in postoperative physical therapy, safer gait and may reduce the risk of falls.Support or Funding InformationNone.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A cadaveric study on the persistence of the median artery
Authors: Kar Rekha , Devora Candice , Rahimi Omid 
Published: June 2021

The median artery is a transitory artery that supplies blood to the forearm and hand of an embryo. This artery regresses at the 8th week of gestation upon the development of the radial and the ulnar arteries. However, the median artery may persist in adults and such persistence can lead to many complications including median nerve compression and related syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and pronator teres syndrome. The persistent median artery has been shown to be highly variable in its origin, and has been shown to arise either from the brachial, radial, ulnar, common interosseous or anterior interosseous arteries. The prevalence of persistent median arteries has a wide range, reported as 1.1% – 27.1%. Studies reporting the prevalence, origin of the persistent median artery and its contribution to the complete or the incomplete palmar arch have been highly variable. Additionally, no study has documented the prevalence of this artery in the population of donated cadavers within the UT Health San Antonio Human Anatomy Program. Furthermore, publications demonstrating the presence of other arterial variations in the upper extremity in association with the presence of the persistent median artery in this donated cadaver population are very limited. Awareness of such anatomical variations is extremely critical for clinicians performing reconstructive surgeries involving the arteries of the upper extremity to optimize patient outcomes.Specific aims of this study are 1. To determine the prevalence and the origin of the persistent median artery in this donated population of cadavers 2. To investigate whether the persistence of a median artery is associated with other arterial variations in the arm & the forearm 3. To elucidate the contribution of the persistent median artery to the complete or incomplete superficial palmar arch. To address these specific aims, 54 upper limbs of donated cadavers were surveyed. Preliminary data suggest the incidence of persistent median artery to be 29.63% (16/54). Furthermore, 25% (4/16) of the upper limbs with a persistent median artery presented with a high division (proximal to the cubital fossa) of the brachial artery into the radial and the ulnar arteries. Additionally, 43.8% (7/16) of these persistent median arteries entered the hand through the carpal tunnel and supplied the digits. 31.3% (5/16) of these persistent median arteries contributed to an incomplete superficial palmar arch and 12.5% (2/16) contributed to a complete superficial palmar arch. We are currently surveying more cadavers. Knowledge provided from this project will allow not only a better understanding of the prevalence of this artery, but also an understanding of clinical correlates that arise due to the presence of the persistent median artery.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Duodenal Peyer's Patch Gene Expression Altered Following Rodent Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Phillips Charles L. , Spann Redin A. , Garrett Michael R. , Grayson Bernadette E. 
Published: June 2021

Bariatric surgery as a method of long term surgical associated weight loss continues to grow in popularity due to the positive metabolic health benefits reported; however, the mechanisms that produce surgical weight loss are not yet fully understood. In previous studies using our rodent model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), it was reported that VSG results in uninhibited gastric emptying resulting in remodeling of the duodenum and various other structural changes within the intestine. We anticipate that the remodeling of the intestine would drive changes in the immune milieu of the gut. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect VSG has on the gene expression of the Peyer's patches, a component of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue that lie beneath the mucosal layer and monitor intestinal bacteria population to prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. We evaluated male Long Evans rats (N=13) having received Sham‐Surgery or VSG and fed a standard chow diet post‐operatively. VSG animals lost significant amounts of body mass and fat mass and ate less in comparison to sham males during the first 5 post‐operative weeks. During post‐operative week 16, animals were euthanized and intestinal Peyer's patches were harvested for gene expression studies. RNAseq coupled with further data analysis using Illumina Software coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Software (IPA) was performed on duodenal Peyer's patches from Sham and VSG. The top Canonical Pathways having differentially‐expressed genes include LPS/IL‐1 Family, FXR Activation and Fatty Acid Activation Canonical Pathways. After determining relevant genes of interest, rtPCR was performed to validate the RNAseq data. We reported a significant decrease in tight junction‐associated claudin (CLDN8, P < 0.05) as well as increases in the facilitated glucose transporter (SLC2A4, P < 0.05), fatty acid signaling molecule (APOE, P < 0.05), and macrophage marker (CD68, P < 0.05). We have further preliminary evidence that there is elevated lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in circulation of VSG in comparison to Sham. Taken together, these data suggested a reduced intestinal barrier that leads to compromised intestinal integrity and reorganized PP architecture.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Laminar Organization and Projections of the Motor Cortex of the Sheep
Authors: Graic Jean‐Marie , Corain Livio , Peruffo Antonella , Bombardi Cristiano , Centelleghe Cinzia , Grisan Enrico , Bontempi Pietro , Grandis Annamaria , Minero Michela , Canali Elisabetta , Vignola Giorgio , Bonfanti Luca , Chincarini Matteo , Ballarin Cristina , de Pasquale Francesco , Palestrini Clara , Dalla Costa Emanuela , Spinelli Lorenzo , Cozzi Bruno 
Published: June 2021

The organization of the motor cortex of the sheep is a gateway to understand quadrupedal locomotion, and a possible point of reference for comparison with other terrestrial Cetartiodactyla and hoofed mammals in general. The cortical structure, its laminar subdivision and projections, received scarce attention in the past.Since recent data using modern technics are lacking, we analyzed the lamination of the motor cortical columns using conventional histology, digital imaging and alternative statistical inference. We also traced the motor cortex projections using MR and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Sampling topography was based on the available literature and physiological evidence.Our data suggest that the thickness of motor cortex of the sheep is comparable to that of other terrestrial Cetartiodactyla, but thicker than that of marine members of the same Order of equivalent body size. Analyses of the cortical columns showed a five‐layered agranular cortex only partially similar to that of rodents and primates. Layer I contained more round and sparse cells, while layer V had the most heterogeneous cell population profile, including gigantocellular pyramidal neurons.MR results and DTI revealed that the a) a robust bundle of fibers reaches the central pattern generators in the brainstem (Figure 1), thus indirectly emphasizing the existence of several extrapyramidal tracts; and b) the corticospinal tracts, presumed to be minor and limited in Cetartiodactyls given their limited dexterity in respect to primates and carnivores, forms a pathway comparable in size (if not superior) to the extrapyramidal tracts.Our data contrast the generally accepted idea that the extrapyramidal tracts are overwhelmingly dominant in ruminants, and that pyramidal projections to the spinal cord are minimal.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Grant # 2015Y5W9YP from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to Bruno Cozzi, including also all the other Authors.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Localization of SMI‐32‐immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Authors: Hashmi Mariam N , Sarko Diana K , Cheatwood Joseph L 
Published: June 2021

Naked mole‐rats (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) are a unique species of eusocial burrowing rodents. As such, they are highly adapted for life underground, with an absence of visual cues. NMRs have evolved to use their tactile body hairs and their large, moveable lower incisors to provide information about stimuli in their tunnels. As interest in using NMR as a model system grows ‐ including increasing use as a mammalian model for cancer and aging studies ‐ there is demand for more information about their neuroanatomy, including brain chemoarchitecture. Herein, we describe the location of neurons found to be SMI‐32‐immunoreactive in the normal, adult NMR brain. Expression was found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and many other brain regions. Detailed comparisons of SMI‐32‐immunoreactivity with that found in laboratory rats (Rattus sp.) will be presented, including many of the similarities and differences noted between the two species. Interpretation of these differences will also be presented.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
S100A8/A9, Exercise, and Creatine in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Peeler Jason , Zhang Pengu , Cornish Stephen , Ghavami Saeid 
Published: June 2021

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, and increasing joint pain and stiffness. Chronic inflammation is thought to play a central role in cartilage degradation, with pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as S100 A8/A9 potentially associated with disease progression and elevated levels of systemic cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP). The purpose of this prospective RCT was to examine the influence of weight bearing exercise and creatine supplementation on S100 A8/A9 levels in patients with mild‐moderate knee OA. Twenty‐six (26) knee OA patients were randomized into 3 groups: (1.) Lower Body Positive Pressure supported treadmill walking exercise, (2.) Creatine supplementation, and (3.) Control. Following radiographic confirmation of OA severity, patients were evaluated at baseline and following a 12 week intervention on the following parameters: (1.) body anthropometry; (2.) knee joint range of motion; (3.) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire for chronic knee pain, joint symptoms, and dysfunction; (4.) acute knee pain during 30 minutes of full weight‐bearing treadmill walking; and (5.) serum biomarkers (S100 A8/A9 and COMP). A longitudinal multi‐level model of analysis was used to evaluate multiple independent variables at the same time. Data suggested that the LBPP exercise improved KOOS scoring on the Sport/Recreation Function subscale, and that creatine supplementation improved KOOS scoring on the Quality of Life subscale. SCOMP levels were also positively correlated with both acute and chronic knee joint pain, joint symptoms, and scoring on the KOOS Activity of Daily Living subscale. Unfortunately, S100 A8/A9 levels were un‐influenced by either LBPP exercise or creatine supplementation, but concentrations were moderately correlated with patient BMI and scoring on the KOOS subscales of Pain and Activities of Daily Living. Further research is needed to clarify what role (if any) pro‐inflammatory proteins such as S100 A8/A9 play in cartilage degradation, and future investigations should focus on examining synovial based biomarkers that are specific to the affected joint.Support or Funding InformationOngoing support provided by the Max Rady College of Medicine, the Pan Am Clinic Foundation, and funding through the Paul H.T. Thorlakson Foundation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Symptoms and Functional Measures in Individuals Performing Various Exercise Intensities: A Pilot Study
Authors: SADACHARAN CHAKRAVARTHY MARX 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo assess the functional limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and level of delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in individuals after completing various intensities of exercises with and without prior yoga stretching poses.MethodsTwelve research participants (untrained active healthy men and women) aged between 18 and 30 years were recruited from students of University of New England and randomly assigned into 2 groups (six participants each). Four muscle groups (elbow flexors, elbow extensors, knee flexors and knee extensors) were selected (one muscle group per limb) from each participant and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in all four selected muscles were calculated using a hand‐held Dynamometer.Participants performed eccentric exercises protocol (5 × 10 repetitions with rest time) with full active range of motion using (Ultimately Fit Adjustable Ankle Weights) their 15% of MVIC on day 1 of first week, 25% of MVIC on day 1 of third week, and 35% of MVIC on day 1 of fifth week in all four limbs (right and left upper elbows and right and left knees). Participants did not perform any exercise protocol during the week 2 and 4. In weeks 1, 3, and 5, after the eccentric exercise protocol (day 1), from day 2 to 6 the subjective (health activities of daily living (ADL) difficulty scale, visual analogue scale (VAS)) and objective assessments (pain pressure threshold (PPT), arm and thigh circumference, and active range of motion (AROM)) were carried out. Group 1 (6 participants) performed only exercise protocol whereas group 2 (6 participants) performed prior yoga stretching poses for upper and lower limbs along with above mentioned exercise protocol.ResultsGroup 2 participants has minimal pain and health activities of daily living (ADL) difficulty when compared to group 1 participants. Group 1 participants performed exercise protocol at week 5 with 35% MVIC had moderate pain (pain scale ranged 3–6 out of 10) in the elbow extensors and ADL difficulty (difficulty level scale ranged 3–6 out of 10) in pull a heavy object, carry an object with my arm above shoulder, washing opposite armpit and back, reach high shelf, ascending stairs, bend to pick up form the floor when compared to group 2 participants. There was no significant difference in the AROM and, arm and thigh circumference between both groups during entire exercise protocol.ConclusionUpper limb (extensors) muscles are more prone for DOMS when compared to lower limb muscles. Yoga stretching poses prior to eccentric exercise protocol may have effect in reducing DOMS.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, METhis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Clinical model of hyaluronic acid embolism treated with hyaluronidase and its effects on the arterial wall and adjacent tissues
Authors: Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , Salinas‐Alvarez Yolanda , Soto‐Dominguez Adolfo , Guzman‐Lopez Santos , Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionHyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan used cross‐linked to increase its durability and be used as a temporary facial filler. One of the most striking complications of its use is vascular occlusion, causing permanent lesions and scars. The use of hyaluronidase (HYAL) was evaluated subcutaneously (SC) and intra‐arterially (IA) in a lagomorph model causing an HA embolism in the ear, however, the model has few similarities to the clinical application site. In addition, different doses of HYAL have been evaluated, but they have not been compared to each other, nor has the safety of adjacent tissues been evaluated. Our aim was to determine an effective and safe concentration of HYAL applied extravascularly to dissolve an HA embolism.Materials and methodsWe used 15 New Zealand rabbits divided into 6 groups (Healthy, Surgical, Embolism, 75UI, 200UI, and 500UI). An HA (Belotero Balance®) embolism was performed in the left femoral artery to the embolism control group and to the three embolism groups treated with HYAL SC 1 hour after the embolism. Samples were taken in block obtaining artery, vein, nerve, muscle, and skin on the 5th day. Histologic staining and histochemistry was performed. Quantification of HA (Image J®) was performed, and morphological changes in the artery and adjacent tissues were analyzed. Study was approved by the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and Ethics Committees.ResultsDespite the persistence of HA in the arterial lumen of the treated groups, a significant difference was found between the 200UI (p = 0.002) and 500UI (p = 0.001) groups of HYAL and the embolism control group. Sites of arterial thrombosis were observed in the embolism groups and those treated with HYAL. When evaluating the surrounding tissues, the muscle of the group treated with high dose had less muscle lysis and less inflammatory infiltrate.ConclusionA new lagomorph model of embolism due to HA was established with greater similarity to the site of clinical application than those already established. A high dose of HYAL, applied subcutaneously, partially prevents the damage caused by the embolism. The use of thrombolytic therapy combined with the use of higher doses of HYAL SC in this model is proposed.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Adult Giant Danio Heart
Authors: Hester Kamil J , Carrillo Casandra , Kyaw Pyi T , Washam Cassie , Patel Purva , Abouelkheir Mahmoud , Hasegawa Ryoji , Moreno Rodriguez Ricardo A. , Reddy Anilkumar , Lafontant Pascal J 
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular diseases remain that number one cause of death in the northern hemisphere and are increasing globally in developing economies. In spite of evolutionary separation between fishes and mammalian, the use of non‐mammalian model species has significantly increased our understanding of cardiac diseases. We have recently described the growth and cardiovascular development of the Devario malabaricus, a giant danio (GD) species closely related to the zebrafish. We hypothesize that the adult GD heart can serve as a robust non‐mammalian model for in vivo studies of cardiac biology. Using immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy, scanning block‐face electron microscopy, and Doppler, we have characterized the anatomical and functional characteristics of the adult GD heart. First, we found that the adult giant danio possesses a thick and highly vascularized compact heart. Second, the GD heart possesses a junctional region populated with a fibroblasts network similar to that observed in zebrafish. Third, multiple large coronary vessels investing the compact myocardium are connected to and continuous with atrioventricular (AV) canal lumen. In addition, the AV canal and bulbus are highly innervated, suggesting complex regulation in heart function. Moreover, we demonstrate that their cardiac function can be measured using Doppler flow velocity. These studies along with previous findings support the GD as a robust model for the study of cardiac biology.Support or Funding Information1R15HD084262‐01, Buehler Family FoundationThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.