bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Biomaterials for Regulating Polarization of Macrophages in Wound Healing
Authors: Mao Jiayi , Chen Lu , Cai Zhengwei , Qian Shutong , Liu Zhimo , Zhao Binfan , Zhang Yuguang , Sun Xiaoming , Cui Wenguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacrophage immunotherapy is an emerging treatment strategy that modulates the immune system to promote wound healing. The functionality and regeneration of tissue depend on spatially and temporally regulating the biophysical and biochemical microenvironmental with poorly understood mechanisms. Biomaterials are carefully crafted to display and deliver macrophage regulatory signals in a precise and near‐physiological way, serving as powerful artificial microenvironments in which to explore and direct the fate of macrophages. The review starts with discussing the classification and function of macrophages, and then introduces the polarization of macrophages in different microenvironments of conventional wounds and chronic wounds. Recent advances in biomaterials that balance the phenotypes of macrophages in wound healing are emphasized. Finally, looking ahead, the potential ability of biomaterial scaffolds to modulate immune signaling to produce an environment conducive to regeneration is discussed.
Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Wondraczek Lothar , Bouchbinder Eran , Ehrlicher Allen , Mauro John C. , Sajzew Roman , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlasses are materials that lack a crystalline microstructure and long‐range atomic order. Instead, they feature heterogeneity and disorder on superstructural scales, which have profound consequences for their elastic response, material strength, fracture toughness, and the characteristics of dynamic fracture. These structure–property relations present a rich field of study in fundamental glass physics and are also becoming increasingly important in the design of modern materials with improved mechanical performance. A first step in this direction involves glass‐like materials that retain optical transparency and the haptics of classical glass products, while overcoming the limitations of brittleness. Among these, novel types of oxide glasses, hybrid glasses, phase‐separated glasses, and bioinspired glass–polymer composites hold significant promise. Such materials are designed from the bottom‐up, building on structure–property relations, modeling of stresses and strains at relevant length scales, and machine learning predictions. Their fabrication requires a more scientifically driven approach to materials design and processing, building on the physics of structural disorder and its consequences for structural rearrangements, defect initiation, and dynamic fracture in response to mechanical load. In this article, a perspective is provided on this highly interdisciplinary field of research in terms of its most recent challenges and opportunities.
Materials Engineering Strategies to Control Metal Oxides Nanowires Sensing Properties
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Singh Mandeep , Comini Elisabetta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal oxides (MOXs), in the form of nanowires, have proved to be an excellent active sensing layer of chemoresistive sensors due to their unique physical/chemical properties such as single crystallinity, exceptional electrical properties, and so on. Indeed, MOXs nanowires‐based gas sensors show fast dynamic response with excellent reproducibility, stability, and reactivity toward various gas analytes. However, their limited selectivity and high operation temperature that lead to high power consumption are still major issues that need to be addressed. To improve these characteristics, researchers nowadays are working in the direction of modifying nanowires with different strategies. These strategies include nanowires heterostructures, decoration with particles (metals and metal oxides), core–shell structures, and surface functionalization with self‐assembled monolayers and modification with graphene (pristine and oxidized). By employing these strategies, nanowires sensing performances, especially their selectivity, sensitivity, and response, can immensely enhance. Hence, in this review article, the above‐mentioned strategies to improve the sensing performance of MOXs nanowires are reviewed. Attention is paid to underlying sensing mechanisms and improved sensing characteristics. In addition, MOXs gas sensing mechanism, working principle of conductometric gas sensors, and different synthesis techniques, used to modify nanowires, are also briefly discussed.
Sequential Cobalt/Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Aromatic Aldehydes with Acrylates for Preparing 3‐Substituted Phthalides in Oxygen Atmosphere and Neat Water
Authors: Li Xin‐Ran , Li Wan‐Di , Wei Wen‐Ting , Fan Juan , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Shi Xian‐Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed C−H activation/tandem reactions of aromatic acids and functionalized alkenes is profound for constructing phthalide skeleton. However, most of these reactions employ stoichiometric amounts of metal additives and metal oxidants/toxic organic solvents. Herein, we describe a sequential cobalt/rhodium‐catalyzed tandem cyclization of aromatic aldehydes and acrylates for preparing 3‐substituted phthalides in one pot. This protocol features the use of water as a sustainable solvent and oxygen as the singular oxidant free of any additives. The use of aromatic aldehydes instead of aromatic acids as starting materials renders this route high atom economy, and the formation of water as a sole byproduct makes this process practical and environmentally benign.
Dual‐Regulation of Defect Sites and Vertical Conduction by Spiral Domain for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Tong Xipeng , Zhao Yang , Zhuo Zhiwen , Yang Zhenhong , Wang Shuzhe , Liu Youwen , Lu Ning , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsufficient active sites and weak vertical conduction are the intrinsic factors that restrict the electrocatalytic HER for transition‐metal dichalcogenides. As a prototype, we proposed a model of spiral MoTe2 to optimize collectively the above issues. The conductive atomic force microscopy of an individual spiral reveals that the retentive vertical conduction irrespective of layer thickness benefits from the connected screw dislocation lines between interlayers. Theoretical calculations uncover that the regions near the edge step of the spiral structures more easily form Te vacancies and have lower ΔGH* as extra active sites. A single spiral MoTe2‐based on‐chip microcell was fabricated to extract HER activity and achieved an ultrahigh current density of 3000 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 0.4 V, which is about two orders of magnitude higher than the exfoliated counterpart. Profoundly, this unusual spiral model will initiate a new pathway for triggering other inert catalytic reactions.
Novel hydroxyl‐containing and thermo‐dehydrocyclizable polycondensation polymers for multifunctional materials: Synthesis, properties, application
Authors: Lebedeva Galina , Kononova Svetlana , Kruchinina Elena , Vlasova Elena , Gofman Iosif , Bol'shakov Maxim , Romashkova Kira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel poly(amide‐imide)s and poly(amide‐o‐hydroxy‐imide)s were synthesized in the process of low‐temperature polycondensation of diacid chloride of 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dioxoisoindoline‐5‐carboxylic acid with a single diamine of 5,5′‐methylenebis(2‐aminophenol (DADHyDPhM) or of 4,4′‐methylenebis(benzeneamine) (DADPhМ), and also with a mixture of named diamines (molar ratios of DADHyDPhM to DADPhМ being equal to 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7). The influence of hydroxy‐imide modifying units (fragments) introduced into the basic poly(amide‐imide) on its thermal stability (the processes of polymers destruction proceed intensively in the temperature range from 400 to 600°C and has a complex character); parameters of pervaporation through heat‐resistant films prepared from polymer solutions were analyzed. Polymer films are rigid materials (modulus of elasticity–3 to 4 GPa) with a strength above 100 MPa. Heating up to 300°C leads for all three compositions to a noticeable increase in the elastic modulus and to a pronounced tendency to increase the strength characteristics.
Using joint control to teach activities of daily living and vocational tasks to students with autism
Authors: Hozella Willow , Garcia Yors A. , Ackerlund Brandt Julie A. , Mahoney Amanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a self‐rehearsal procedure to teach five individuals with autism to follow multiple‐step selection of stimuli. Within a multiple probe design across participants, participants were taught to echo the experimenter's instruction, self‐echo, and then select multiple pictorial stimuli in order from an array of directly trained and untrained sets of stimuli. Self‐rehearsal and selection related to activities of daily living in the natural environment required direct training. Probes of novel multiple‐step tasks were conducted. Implications for the role of joint control in developing skills sequences to teach generative responding, conceptual analyses of covert verbal behavior, and designing instructional goals related to transition from formal education settings are discussed.
Sarcopenia predicts an adverse prognosis in patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma after surgery
Authors: Hou Gui‐min , Jiang Chuang , Du Jin‐peng , Yuan Ke‐fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic value of sarcopenia in combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CC) patients after surgery has not been evaluated, while the efficacy of the available tumor stage for cHCC‐CC remains controversial.MethodsAll consecutive cHCC‐CC patients after surgery were retrieved. The patients were stratified by the sex‐specific medians of the psoas muscle index into groups with or without sarcopenia. Prognosis was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) method, and the K–M curves were adjusted by inverse probability weighting (IPW). A nomogram based on Cox regression analysis was established and further compared with primary liver cancer (PLC) stages by internal validation based on bootstrap resampling and k‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsA total of 153 patients were stratified into sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups. The sarcopenia group revealed statistically worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) using the K–M method and K–M curves adjusted by IPW. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested sarcopenia as an independent risk factor for OS (HR = 1.55; p = 0.040) and DFS (HR = 1.55; p = 0.019). Subgroup analysis based on baseline variables showed sarcopenia as a stable risk factor for the prognosis. Our nomogram outperformed PLC stages in prognostic prediction, as evidenced by the best c‐index, area under the curve, and positive improvement of the net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement. A fivefold cross‐validation revealed consistent results. Decision curve analysis revealed higher net benefits of the nomogram than PLC stages.ConclusionsSarcopenia is an independent and stable risk factor for the prognosis of cHCC‐CC patients after surgery. Our nomogram might aid high‐risk patient identification and clinical decisions.
A Review on Recent Progress in Membrane Distillation Crystallization
Authors: Wan Osman Wan Nur Aisyah , Mat Nawi Normi Izati , Samsuri Shafirah , Bilad Muhammad Roil , Wibisono Yusuf , Hernández Yáñez Eduard , Md Saad Juniza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMembrane distillation crystallization (MDC) is a promising hybrid separation technology that can play an important role in desalination, mineral recovery from liquid solution as well as in carbon dioxide fixation. MDC combines membrane distillation and crystallizer into one integrated unit that allows excellent recovery of clean water and high purity salt from highly concentrated salts solution (i.e., brine), which is otherwise detrimental when discharged to the environment. The process intensification addresses the limitation of standalone membrane distillation and a standalone crystallizer (i.e., temperature and concentration polarization, membrane properties) when operated as individual technology. This review discusses the fundamental of MDC focused on how the process intensification addresses those standalone units' limitations. Later, MDC's potential applications in addressing some pressing issues such as water scarcity and climate change are also evaluated. Lastly, current trends in the MDC research are discussed to project the required future developments.
Nanostructured Manganese Oxides within a Ring‐Shaped Polyoxometalate Exhibiting Unusual Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Sato Kai , Yonesato Kentaro , Yatabe Takafumi , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNanosized manganese oxides have recently received considerable attention for their synthesis, structures, and potential applications. Although various synthetic methods have been developed, precise synthesis of novel nanostructured manganese oxides are still challenging. In this study, using a structurally defined nanosized cavity inside a ring‐shaped polyoxometalate, we succeeded in synthesizing two types of discrete 18 and 20 nuclear nanostructured manganese oxides, Mn18 and Mn20, respectively. In particular, Mn18 showed much higher catalytic activity than other manganese oxides for the oxygenation of alkylarenes including electron‐deficient ones, and the reaction proceeded through a unique reaction mechanism due to its unusual manganese oxide structure.
Prodrugs of E‐selectin Antagonists with Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Properties
Authors: Dätwyler Philipp , Jiang Xiaohua , Wagner Beatrice , Varga Norbert , Mühlethaler Tobias , Hostettler Katja , Rabbani Said , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of their large polar surface area, carbohydrates often exhibit insufficient pharmacokinetic properties. Specifically, the carboxylic acid function of the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx, a pharmacophore crucial for the formation of a salt bridge with selectins, prevents oral availability. A common approach is the transfer of carboxylic acid into ester prodrugs. Once the prodrug is either actively or passively absorbed, the active principle is released by hydrolysis. In the present study, ester prodrugs of selectin antagonists with aliphatic promoieties were synthesized and their potential for oral availability was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The addition of lipophilic ester moieties to overcome insufficient lipophilicity improved passive permeation into enterocytes, however at the same time supported efflux back to the small intestines as well as oxidation into non‐hydrolysable metabolites. In summary, our examples demonstrate that different modifications of carbohydrates can result in opposing effects and have to be studied in their entirety.
A hue and warm‐cool model for warm‐cool based correlated color temperature calculation
Authors: Oh Semin , Kwak Youngshin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCorrelated color temperature is widely used to describe colors of lights, but it has been questionable if it is well correlated to real perception. This study approached this issue with warm‐cool feelings, that is, the same correlated color temperature would evoke the same level of warm‐cool feelings. Since warm‐cool feeling is widely accepted to correlate closely with hue, a psychophysical experiment was performed to collect visual data of lights in terms of both hue and warm‐cool feelings. As a result, the hue and the warm‐cool prediction models were, respectively, proposed. The proposed hue model has the same structure with CAM16 with new degree of adaptation considering the luminance and chromaticity and unique hue angle settings for lights. The warm‐cool model can be used in conjunction with the hue model, which enables to assign the correlated color temperature based on the warm‐cool feelings as a new calculation method for correlated color temperature that is expected to achieve a better visual resemblance.
Evaluation of environment and cultivar impact on lentil protein, starch, mineral nutrients, and yield
Authors: Chen Chengci , Etemadi Fatemeh , Franck William , Franck Sooyoung , Abdelhamid Magdi T. , Ahmadi Jafar , Mohammed Yesuf Assen , Lamb Peggy , Miller John , Carr Patrick M. , McPhee Kevin , Zhou Yi , Torabian Shahram , Qin Ruijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important source of protein, starch, and mineral nutrients in many parts of the world. However, the impact of environment and cultivar on the enrichment of these nutrients is not well understood. Four lentil cultivars (‘Avondale’, ‘CDC Richlea’, ‘CDC Maxim’, and ‘CDC Imvincible’) varying in color, seed size, and maturity were evaluated at five Montana locations with diverse climatic and soil conditions over 3 yr. Significant cultivar, location, and year effects were found for yield, protein, starch, and minerals. Grain protein concentration was the highest at Moccasin (262 g kg−1) and lowest at Richland (246 g kg−1), whereas starch concentration was the highest at Richland (455 g kg−1) and lowest at Moccasin (441 g kg−1). Among cultivars, Avondale was the top yielding cultivar (1965 kg ha−1) and adaptable to most of the environments; CDC Imvincible was the top protein producer (265 g kg−1); and CDC Richlea is the leading starch producer (456 g kg−1). Grain protein concentration was negatively correlated with starch. Lentil grains varied in nutrient concentrations across locations, with the northcentral Montana region producing 10‐ to 20‐times greater selenium concentration than other locations. CDC Maxim had the highest iron (62.1 mg kg−1) and zinc (31.5 mg kg−1) concentrations. Seed protein concentration was positively correlated with phosphorus, sulfur, copper, and boron. Seed starch is positively correlated with magnesium and manganese. Results suggest that plant breeding and production site selection could enrich lentil nutrient concentrations to help combat malnutrition in the world.
Predicting spatial‐temporal patterns of diet quality and large herbivore performance using satellite time series
Authors: Kearney Sean P. , Porensky Lauren M. , Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D. , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdaptive management of large herbivores requires an understanding of how spatial‐temporal fluctuations in forage biomass and quality influence animal performance. Advances in remote sensing have yielded information about the spatial‐temporal dynamics of forage biomass, which in turn have informed rangeland management decisions such as stocking rate and paddock selection for free‐ranging cattle. However, less is known about the spatial‐temporal patterns of diet quality and their influence on large herbivore performance. This is due to infrequent concurrent ground observations of forage conditions with performance (e.g., mass gain), and previously limited satellite data at fine spatial and temporal scales. We combined multi‐temporal field observations of diet quality (weekly) and mass gain (monthly) with satellite‐derived phenological metrics (pseudo‐daily, using data fusion and interpolation) to model daily mass gains of free‐ranging yearling cattle in shortgrass steppe. We used this model to predict grazing season (mid‐May to October) mass gains, a key management indicator, across 40 different paddocks grazed over a 10‐year period (n = 138). We found strong relationships between diet quality and the satellite‐derived phenological metrics, especially metrics related to the timing and rate of green‐up and senescence. Satellite‐derived diet quality estimates were strong predictors of monthly mass gains (R2 = 0.68) across a wide range of aboveground net herbaceous production. Season‐long predictions of average daily gain and cattle off‐mass had mean absolute errors of 8.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The model performed better temporally (across repeated observations in the same paddock) than spatially (across all paddocks within a given year), highlighting the need for accurate vegetation maps and robust field data collection across both space and time. This study demonstrates that free‐ranging cattle performance in rangelands is strongly affected by diet quality, which is related to the timing of vegetation green‐up and senescence. Senescing vegetation suppressed mass gains, even if adequate forage was available. The satellite‐based pseudo‐daily approach presented here offers new opportunities for adaptive management of large herbivores, such as identifying within‐season triggers to move livestock among paddocks, predicting wildlife herd health, or timing the grazing season to better match earlier spring green‐up caused by climate change and plant species invasion.
Recruitment variability and sampling design interact to influence the detectability of protected area effects
Authors: Hopf Jess K. , Caselle Jennifer E. , White J. Wilson 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCorrectly identifying the effects of a human impact on a system is a persistent challenge in ecology, driven partly by the variable nature of natural systems. This is particularly true in many marine fishery species, which frequently experience large temporal fluctuations in recruitment that produce interannual variations in populations. This variability complicates efforts to maintain stocks at management targets or detect the effects of rebuilding efforts. We address this challenge in the context of no‐take marine reserves by exploring how variable larval recruitment could interact with the timing of reserve establishment and choice of sampling design to affect population dynamics and the detectability of reserve effects. To predict population changes in the years following a no‐take reserve implementation, we first tested for periodicity in larval recruitment in an important U.S. Pacific coast recreational fishery species (kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus) and then included that pattern in a population model. We also used this model to determine the detectability of population increases under alternative sampling approaches and minimum age sampled. Kelp bass larval recruitment in the Channel Islands, California, peaked every about six (major) and about two (minor) years. Our model showed that establishing a reserve during a peak or trough enhanced or delayed, respectively, the post‐reserve population increases. However, establishing a reserve during a recruitment peak could obscure a failing reserve, that is, a reserve that is unable to secure longer‐term metapopulation persistence. Recruitment peaks and troughs also interacted with sampling design to affect the detectability of reserve effects. Designs that compared inside‐outside were the most robust to variable recruitment, but failed to capture whether the reserve has improved metapopulation growth. Designs that included a time element (e.g., before‐after) are more suited to assessing reserve effectiveness, but were sensitive to recruitment variation and detectability can change year‐to‐year. Notably, detectability did not always increase monotonically with reserve age; the optimal time for detectability depended on the minimum age of organisms sampled and was greatest when the cohort of a major recruitment peak first appeared in the sampling. We encourage managers to account for variable recruitment when planning monitoring and assessment programs.