bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trainable Immunohistochemical HER2/neu Image Analysis: A Multisite Performance Study Using 260 Breast Tissue Specimens
Authors: Nassar Aziza , Cohen Cynthia , Agersborg Sally S. , Zhou Weidong , Lynch Kathleen A. , Albitar Maher , Barker Edward A. , Vanderbilt Burton L. , Thompson Jim , Heyman Eugene R. , Lange Holger , Olson Allen , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Aperio Technologies, Inc (Vista, California) provides a new immunohistochemistry (IHC) HER2 Image Analysis (IA) system that allows tuning of the intensity thresholds of the HER2/neu scoring scheme to adapt to the staining characteristics of different reagents.
Objective.—To compare the trainable IHC HER2 IA system for different reagents to conventional manual microscopy (MM) in a multisite study.
Design.—Two hundred sixty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens from 3 clinical sites were assayed: 180 specimens stained with Dako's HercepTest (Carpinteria, California), and 80 specimens stained with Ventana's PATHWAY HER-2/neu (Tucson, California). At each site, 3 pathologists performed a blinded reading of the glass slides with the use of a light microscope. The glass slides were then scanned and after a wash-out period and randomization, the same pathologists outlined a representative set of tumor regions to be analyzed by IHC HER2 IA. Each of the methods, MM and IA, was evaluated separately and comparatively by using κ statistics of negative HER2/neu scores (0, 1+) versus equivocal HER2/neu scores (2+) versus positive HER2/neu scores (3+) among the different pathologists.
Results.—κ Values for IA and MM were obtained across all sites. MM: 0.565–0.864; IA: 0.895–0.947; MM versus IA: 0.683–0.892 for site 1; MM: 0.771–0.837; IA: 0.726–0.917; MM versus IA: 0.687–0.877 for site 2; MM: 0.463–0.674; IA: 0.864–0.918; MM versus IA: 0.497–0.626 for site 3.
Conclusion.—Aperio's trainable IHC HER2 IA system shows substantial equivalence to MM for Dako's HercepTest and Ventana's PATHWAY HER-2/neu at 3 clinical sites. Image analysis improved interpathologist agreement in the different clinical sites.
CallWall: Tracking Resident Calls to Improve Clinical Utilization of Pathology Laboratories
Authors: Buck Thomas P. , Connor Ian M. , Horowitz Gary L. , Arnaout Ramy A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Clinical pathology (CP) laboratories are used for millions of tests each year. These lead to thousands of calls to CP residents. However, although laboratory utilization is a frequent topic of study, clinical utilization—the content of the interactions between clinicians and CP residents—is not. Because it reflects questions about laboratory utilization, clinical utilization could suggest ways to improve both training and care by reducing diagnostic error.
Objectives.—To build and implement a secure, scalable Web-based system to allow CP residents at any hospital to track the calls they receive, the interaction's context, and the action taken as a result, with evidence where applicable, and to use this system to report on clinical utilization at a major academic hospital.
Design.—Entries were analyzed from a nearly year-long period to describe the clinical utilization of CP at a large academic teaching hospital.
Results.—Sixteen residents logged 847 calls during 10 months, roughly evenly distributed among transfusion medicine, chemistry, microbiology, and hematopathology. Calls covered 94 different analytes in chemistry and 71 different organisms or tests in microbiology. Analysis revealed areas where CP can improve clinical care through educating the clinical services, for example, about ordering Rh immune globulin, testosterone testing, and diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. Documenting calls also highlighted patterns among residents.
Conclusions.—Clinical utilization is a potentially rich knowledge base for improving patient care and resident training. Our resident call-tracking system is a useful way for measuring clinical utilization and mining it for actionable information.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Twenty-Five Years of Discovery
Authors: Kinney Marsha C. , Higgins Russell A. , Medina Edward A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext—The year 2010 commemorates the 25th year since the seminal publication by Karl Lennert and Harald Stein and others in Kiel, West Germany, describing an unusual large cell lymphoma now known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Investigators at many universities and hospitals worldwide have contributed to our current in-depth understanding of this unique peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which in its systemic form, principally occurs in children and young adults.Objective—To summarize our current knowledge of the clinical and pathologic features of systemic and primary cutaneous ALCL. Particular emphasis is given to the biology and pathogenesis of ALCL.Data Sources—Search of the medical literature (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE: 1950 to Present [National Library of Medicine]) and more than 20 years of diagnostic experience were used as the source of data for review.Conclusions—Based on immunostaining for activation antigen CD30 and the presence of dysregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (2p23), the diagnosis of ALCL has become relatively straightforward for most patients. Major strides have been made during the last decade in our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of ALCL. Constitutive NPM-ALK signaling has been shown to drive oncogenesis via an intricate network of redundant and interacting pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell fate, and cytoskeletal modeling. Nevertheless, pathomechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges remain that should be resolved as we embark on the next generation of discovery.
Molecular Diagnostics of Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Bridge Julia A. , Cushman-Vokoun Allison M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Soft tissue pathology encompasses a remarkably diverse assortment of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Rendering a definitive diagnosis is complicated not only by the large volume of existing histologic subtypes (&gt;100) but also frequently by the presence of overlapping clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and/or radiographic features. During the past 3 decades, mesenchymal tumor–specific, cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities have demonstrated an increasingly important, ancillary role in mesenchymal tumor diagnostics.Objectives.—To review molecular diagnostic tools available to the pathologist to further classify specific soft tissue tumor types and recurrent aberrations frequently examined. Advantages and limitations of individual approaches will also be highlighted.Data Sources.—Previously published review articles, peer-reviewed research publications, and the extensive cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic experience of the authors to include case files of The University of Nebraska Medical Center.Conclusions.—Cytogenetic and molecular genetic assays are used routinely for diagnostic purposes in soft tissue pathology and represent a powerful adjunct to complement conventional microscopy and clinicoradiographic evaluation in the formulation of an accurate diagnosis. Care should be taken, however, to recognize the limitations of these approaches. Ideally, more than one technical approach should be available to a diagnostic laboratory to compensate for the shortcomings of each approach in the assessment of individual specimens.
Molecular Diagnostics of Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Dacic Sanja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The development of targeted therapies in the treatment of lung carcinoma is a rapidly growing area that requires a precise histologic classification of lung carcinomas and the implementation into clinical practice of testing for predictive biomarkers of therapy response. Molecular testing has added another layer of complexity in the routine workup of rather limited diagnostic tumor tissue.
Objective.—To review the most important lung carcinoma biomarkers predictive of response and to discuss proposed routine molecular testing in clinical practice.
Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine)–available review articles, peer-reviewed original articles, and experience of the author.
Conclusions.—Histologic profile, clinical characteristics, and mutational profile of lung carcinoma have all been reported as predictive factors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and other targeted therapies. Recently published results of large clinical trials indicate that mutational profiling, particularly identification of activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, is the best predictor for EGFR-TKI response. Despite all these observations, molecular profiling of lung carcinomas has not been standardized or validated in clinical practice. Rapid development of targeted therapies will probably require molecular testing for a panel of mutations to identify molecular subtypes of non–small cell lung carcinomas that will benefit from new therapeutic approaches in personalized patient care.
Reflex Testing for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mino-Kenudson Mari , Mark Eugene J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a poor-prognosis malignancy for which more effective treatments are needed, with accumulating clinical experiences supporting benefits of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with tumors harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement.
Objective.—To review completed and ongoing clinical trials of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC and an ALK inhibitor for those with ALK rearrangement, while also exploring practical issues surrounding the implementation of molecular testing as a routine component of the diagnostic workup of NSCLC in the United States.
Data Sources.—Published biomedical literature, abstracts presented at recent major oncology meetings, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
Conclusions.—Continually evolving evidence indicates the possible efficacy of molecularly targeted agents for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, especially adenocarcinoma. To identify patients who will most likely benefit from the targeted therapy, routine determination of the corresponding genetic alterations after histologic diagnosis of NSCLC (reflex molecular testing for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement) should be considered.
#TwitterHomework During Pathology Electives: Transforming Pathology Pedagogy
Authors: Hamnvåg Hans Magne , McHenry Austin , Ahmed Aadil , Trabzonlu Levent , Arnold Christina A. , Mirza Kamran M. 
Published: February 2021

Context.—
Twitter has become a popular platform for pathologists, where they share cases and educational content, arrange journal club meetings, network, and collaborate.

Objective.—
To determine if composing original tweets or retweeting existing content can be used as an educational and networking tool for medical students during pathology electives.

Design.—
In this retrospective study, a survey was sent to assess if medical students who used Twitter during their pathology electives found the platform useful for the attainment of medical knowledge, and for networking and professional development. A similar survey was sent to rotating students who did not use Twitter, asking if they thought using the platform could be beneficial. Additionally, we used Twitter analytical software (Symplur Signals) to determine the potential for networking by analyzing the number of retweets and impressions.

Results.—
Most respondents who used Twitter described using the platform as helpful in increasing their medical knowledge and useful for networking and professional development. From August 1, 2017, to January 2, 2019, thirty-seven elective medical students composed a total of 527 original tweets. The tweets were retweeted a total of 3399 times by 810 nonstudent users, and this engagement resulted in 6 360 731 impressions. Most of the retweeting was done by pathologists and pathology residents.

Conclusions.—
The responses from the survey suggest that Twitter can be an educational tool during pathology electives and be useful for networking purposes. The number of retweets and impressions, and the demographics of the users who retweeted the students confirm the networking potential of Twitter.
Group physiotherapy with survivors of torture in urban and camp settings in Jordan and Kenya
Authors: Gueron Laura Janet Pizer , Amoyi Arobogust , Chao Winnie , Chepngetich Justine , Kibet Jepkemoi Joanne , Nyambok Stephen , Wesonga Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In this paper we report provisional field results on the impact of CVT’s (the Center for Victims of Torture) interdisciplinary group treatment on physiotherapy indicators in refugees living in urban and camp settings in Kenya and Jordan. The physiotherapy component of this model includes pain neuroscience education, sleep hygiene, posture and body mechanics instruction and healing of pain and trauma from a biopsychosocial perspective, in a program of ten weekly sessions. This program is supported by a clinical assessment that records a broad set of indicators of participant experience and functioning. In addition, some survivors report having pelvic floor dysfunction and data will be offered about a subset of survivors looking at prevalence of these issues.
Methods: Survivors are identified through referral systems, community education and sensitization campaigns, contacts and trainings with other NGOs and health care providers. Prospective survivors are screened into CVT services or referred to other agencies that can better meet their needs. CVT focuses its services on refugees with physical and emotional difficulties that may be effectively treated through its interdisciplinary treatment model and who have survived torture or related human rights violations. Following an informed consent process, survivors participate in a comprehensive individual assessment and then progress to the 10-week program. Wherever possible, follow-up assessments are conducted 2 weeks after the sessions end, and at 3, and 9 months following completion of the 10-week long intervention.
Results: On average, participants who completed 3-month follow-up assessments showed statistically and clinically significant improvements on physiotherapy indicators.
Discussion: Provisional results are encouraging and suggest that the model is adaptable to the needs of different populations and settings. As nearly all participants receive both counseling and physiotherapy, it is difficult to know which benefits can be attributed to physiotherapy alone.
Call for Papers og sammendrag av samtlige foredrag
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin , Davenport Randi Lise , Klein Andreas , Nilsen Fredrik , Himmelmann Beatrix , Rasmussen Siv , Evju Håkon Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Denne utgaven av Septentrio Conference Series inneholder dokumentasjon fra Norsk selskap for 1700-tallsstudiers konferanse "Naturen og det naturlige på 1700-tallet", avholdt 3.–5. februar 2021. Inkludert i PDF-format er Call for Papers (slik det ble publisert på www.1700-tallet.no 9. september 2020) med det endelige konferanseprogrammet med sammendrag av samtlige foredrag. Opptak av hovedforedragsholdernes bidrag ble foretatt med verktøyet Zoom. De øvrige foredragene ble ikke tatt opp.
Healthcare Expenditure and Life Expectancy in Africa: A Panel Study
Authors: Abdulganiyu Salami , Tijjani Mamman 
Published: February 2021

Objective of the Study: The study examined the nature of relationship between healthcare expenditure and life expectancy in a panel of 45 African Countries, disaggregated into different sub-regions in the continent.
Methodology: The study used fixed effect method and two-stage least square technique to investigate the relationship between life expectancy and life expectancy in the selected African countries, from 2000 to 2015. Aside from the major variables of interest, GDP per capita, basic sanitation and urban population were used as control variables. The choice of countries and time frame were based on availability of data. The data used was sourced from World Bank website, and analyzed using STATA software.
Main Findings: The fixed effect method found that healthcare spending is an important predictor of life expectancy in Africa. It was found to positively and significantly influence life expectancy in West Africa, but significantly and negatively influences life expectancy in Central and Southern regions of Africa. Contrariwise, the two-stage least square shows that healthcare spending is a negative predictor of life expectancy in Central Africa, but not a significant predictor in Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western Africa.
Conclusion: Conclusions from the study are two-fold. It can be concluded that fixed effect method is not a suitable estimation technique for models with endogeneity and reversed causation issues, and that healthcare expenditure is significant negative predictor of life expectancy in Central Africa; but not a significant predictor of life expectancy in Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western regions of Africa.
Thermodynamic Resolution of Pharmaceutical Precursor Modafinil Acid on the Basis of Chiral‐at‐Metal Strategy
Authors: Cao Man‐Li , Zhu Jun‐Ling , Zhi Zhong‐Lan , Ye Bao‐Hui , Yao Su‐Yang , Zhang Xiu‐Lian 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionChiral‐at‐metal strategy was developed to resolve the essential sulfoxide pharmaceutical intermediates R‐modafinil acid and its analogues with high yields and ee values. The efficient resolution process was achieved based on the diastereoselective discrimination caused by hydrogen bond and intramolecular π‐π interaction between chiral‐at‐metal center and the coordinated chiral sulfoxide ligands. Moreover, the chiral Ir(III) receptor can be reused with complete retention of their configurations and without the loss of reaction activity and enantioselectivity. This work provides a new access to synthesize R‐modafinil acid as well as its analogues and develops the application of chiral‐at‐metal strategy in chiral resolution.
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 3.Elzerina,Flustrellidra,Bockiella
Authors: Schwaha Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCtenostome bryozoans are a small group of bryozoans whose soft‐tissue morphology has received only little attention. The present study represents the third in a series of articles dealing with the morphology of this clade of bryozoans. The morphology of three genera of Alcyonidioidea, that is,Bockiella(Alcyonidiidae),ElzerinaandFlustrellidra(both Flustrellidridae), are analyzed using histology and 3D‐reconstruction techniques. The general zooidal morphology is similar and externally differs by the shape of the aperture. Zooids ofElzerina binderiare elongated in the fronto‐basal axis, whereas the other two are more flattened in this axis. All species show multiple pore‐complexes in their zooidal walls ranging from ~66 inE. binderi, to ~30 inF. hispidaand to less than 10 inBockiella. The aperture is bilabiate in flustrellidrids and roundish inBockiella. Apertural muscles are present as parieto‐diaphragmatic muscles. The flustrellidrids have a large frontal duplicature band that further splits into four separate bands. The collar is diaphragmatic inBockiella, but vestibular in the flustrellidrids. Lophophores are similar among the investigated species with a rejection tract in the flustrellidrids. The digestive tract shows differences in the extent and proportions of the caecum, which is large in the flustrellidrids and small inBockiella; the anus is vestibular in all species. A funicular muscle of variable location is present in each species.Elzerina binderihas additional thin strands emanating from the digestive tract to the body wall. The parietal muscles show a unique situation inE. binderiwith five bundles being present, two laterals and one distal. Several features aid in defining characters for the entire superfamily and the families Flustrellidridae and Alcyonidiidae. Besides the shape of the aperture, the frontal duplicature band, the vestibular collar and the large caecum are important. The set of characters also confirms recent notions thatBockiellabelongs to the Alcyonidiidae.
The rapid identification of chemical constituents in Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule, a modern Chinese medicine, by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and data mining strategy
Authors: Cao Gui‐yun , Geng Shao‐xuan , Luo Yi , Tian Shuo , Ning Bo , Zhuang Xue‐song , Meng Zhao‐qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFufang Xiling Jiedu capsule is an effective Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cold and influenza. However, its chemical constituents had not been determined, which entailed a huge obstacle to further pharmacological studies, clinical‐safe medication administration, and quality evaluation. To identify the chemical constituents in Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule, an efficient and systematic approach using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with a data mining strategy was adopted in this study. As a result, 145 compounds were qualitatively identified, including 26 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, 39 triterpenes, and 34 other compounds, among which 6 were potentially new and 144 were being reported from Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule for the first time. This research not only provides useful information for quality control of Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule and its involved single herbs but also serve as basis data for further study of Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule in vivo. Moreover, it provides a reference for the characterization of the chemical constituents of other Chinese medicine preparations.
What Is It to Implement a Human-Robot Joint Action?
Authors: Clodic Aurelie , Alami Rachid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJoint action in the sphere of human–human interrelations may be a model for human–robot interactions. Human–human interrelations are only possible when several prerequisites are met, inter alia: (1) that each agent has a representation within itself of its distinction from the other so that their respective tasks can be coordinated; (2) each agent attends to the same object, is aware of that fact, and the two sets of “attentions” are causally connected; and (3) each agent understands the other’s action as intentional. The authors explain how human–robot interaction can benefit from the same threefold pattern. In this context, two key problems emerge. First, how can a robot be programed to recognize its distinction from a human subject in the same space, to detect when a human agent is attending to something, to produce signals which exhibit their internal state and make decisions about the goal-directedness of the other’s actions such that the appropriate predictions can be made? Second, what must humans learn about robots so they are able to interact reliably with them in view of a shared goal? This dual process is here examined by reference to the laboratory case of a human and a robot who team up in building a stack with four blocks.