bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Variation of Microbiological Profile of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Precise Comorbidities Associated with Tribal Sickle Cell Anemic Patients of Medical Intensive Care Unit in a Tribal Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Subudhi Monalisa , Jagatheeswary P. A. T. , Sahu Susanta Kumar , Das Sudhanshu Kumar , Subudhi K. B. , Rout Rashmi Ranjan 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic hereditary disorder, with multifactorial cause for increase susceptibility, to bacterial infection leading to more intensive care unit (ICU) admission, morbidity, and mortality. When it is superadded by morbidities such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic heart disease (CHD), chances of morbidity and mortality will increase multiple times in the ICU.

AIM:
The aim of this study was to find out the incidence, variation, and load in the microbiological profile of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), depending on the comorbidities associated with these sickle cell anemic tribal patients in the medical ICU (MICU) of a tribal tertiary care center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective study was conducted in MICU of a tribal tertiary care center from March 2019 to February 2020. It included diagnosed sickle cell anemic tribal patients with microbiologically confirmed cases of CAUTI following urinary catheterization for more than 48 h in the MICU. Demographic and clinical data of these patients were collected. Detailed investigations of the patients with antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance pattern of isolates were collected.

RESULTS:
In our study, the DAI rate in tribal sickle cell anemic patients was 8.7 per 1000 device days with an incidence of 7.8%. CAUTI was more common in female sex (86.7%), low socioeconomic status (80%), duration of urinary catheter up to first 7 days (66.7%), and age group above 40–60 years (33.3%). The most commonly associated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (46.6%) followed by Escherichia coli (13.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.3%). Associated comorbidities were Type 2 DM (20%), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (20%), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (13.3%), CKD (13.3%), and CHD (6.6%). S. aureus 7 (46.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (6.6%) were found in Type 2 DM, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 (50%) in STEMI, E. coli 2 (13.3%) in CKD and CVA, P. aeruginosa in 1 (6.6%) case each with CVA and septic shock, and Acinetobacter baumannii in 1 (6.6%) case with epilepsy. Resistant antibiotic was ceftriaxone 28.4% to S. aureus and 100% to E. coli.

CONCLUSION:
Our analysis precisely of this tribal population brings several important and unique findings, which will aid in the development of some new or update guidelines for the prevention of CAUTI to reduce morbidity and mortality in the MICU of a tribal tertiary care center.
Serum Immunoglobulin Subclass Levels in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Fasola Foluke Atinuke , Olaniyi John Ayodele , Kotila Taiwo Racheal , Ogundeji Sunday Peter 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Change in immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass levels, a manifestation of altered immune status, is thought to contribute to pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Furthermore, pretreatment Ig level in NHL patients scheduled to receive immunotherapy has prognostic significance.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
This study was carried out to provide information on the levels of Ig subclass in patients with NHL in our center.

METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with NHL over an 8-month period was conducted. Controls were apparently healthy voluntary blood donors. Clinical information and results of hematology and clinical biochemistry investigations were retrieved from patients' case notes. The working formulation classification was used to subtype the NHL. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE concentrations were assayed for for the levels in patients and controls.

RESULTS:
A total of 68 participants (cases n = 35, controls – 33) were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 48.67 ± 17.3 years (range: 18–85). The hematological and clinical biochemistry results were within reference values for the population except hematocrit (Hct) which was low (28% ± 7%) and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 72 mm/h (interquartile range [IQR] – 52.0–100.0). IgD levels were significantly lower in the cases than the controls (P = 0.029) with a Cohen's medium effect size. There was a significant drop in IgE from Stage I to III of the disease (χ2(3) = 7.93, P = 0.047). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between IgD, IgA, IgM, and Hct and platelets.

CONCLUSION:
Immune paresis is associated with progressive disease or late clinical presentation, and this should be taken into consideration when managing these patients.
222Radon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Mazzotta Mauro , Mazzotta Alessandro Dario , Fernández Manuel , Cazzato Rocco Giuseppe , D'Ettorre Gabriele 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Occupational exposure to radon in working environments should be considered as chronic because the subjects involved undergo the effect due to the ionizing radiation from the same gas and decay products. The exposure characteristics create conditions for toxicological, radio-toxicological cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms that lead to lung cancer.

Aim:
Our aim is to clarify the prediction of probable cases of lung cancer in 222Radon-exposed subjects in order to point out an obvious risk that should not be underestimated, particularly in subjects with an accumulated dose in many years of activity and for the previously underestimated gamma radiation (214Bi).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 168 electret sensors were set in couples for 84 surveys in working environments; also a further pair of them was used in order to determine the background γ generated by cosmic rays and we considered four group: general population, never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers.

Results:
Results are expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, standard error, geometric mean with statistical significance (P < 0.01 [t-test]), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). They demonstrate an increase of both mean concentrations (P < 0.01 [t-test]) and ELCR. This happens with multiple values of the allowed limits >150 Bq m3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) or >300 Bq m3 (international commission radiation protection), until to an individual accumulated dose as 90–95 work level month. We have detected the environmental variability associated with the structural characteristics of the buildings and their construction.

Conclusion:
The results showed that exposure in underground environments is significant although generally these environments are used as archives. Surprisingly, data greater than expected are also evident on the ground floor and first floor of historic buildings with solid and compact walls, with other factors playing a role as reduced or absent air changes during the night and activation of heating when work is resumed after renovation.
Nutritional Status and Morbidity Patterns of the Elderly in a Northwestern Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Olawumi Abdulgafar Lekan , Grema Bukar Alhaji , Suleiman Abdullahi Kabir , Omeiza Yakubu Sule , Michael Godpower Chinedu , Shuaibu Abdulrahman 
Published: October 2021

Context:
Nutrition is a significant factor in determining the health of older people because it affects almost all organs and systems, which could lead to varieties of diseases and premature death.

Aim:
To determine the nutritional status and its association with the morbidity patterns of elderly patients.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study involving 348 patients aged 60 years and above who presented at the Family Medicine Clinic.

Subjects and Methods:
Data of the socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurements and clinical diagnosis were collected. The co-morbidities were classified based on the number, duration and affected organ or system. The nutritional status was assessed with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment tool.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between nutritional status and morbidity patterns of the elderly. The level of significance was set at a P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
A total of 348 respondents were recruited with 60.9% of females and mean age of 67.83 (standard deviation ± 7.53) years. The prevalence of malnutrition was 25.3% and of risk of malnutrition 56.6%. Furthermore, the prevalence of multi-morbidity was 74.4%. Advanced age (odd ratio = 8.911, confidence interval [CI] = 1.992–39.872, P = 0.004), underweight (OR = 1.167, CI = 0.291–37.846, P < 0.001), lack of formal education, (OR = 1.569, CI = 0.357–0.908, P = 0.018), low monthly income (OR = 1.975, CI = 1.376–2.836, P < 0.001), chronic respiratory diseases (OR = 4.250, CI = 4.025–4.492, P < 0.001) and physical inactivity (OR = 2.466, CI = 1.063–5.722, P = 0.036) were the predictors of malnutrition. Furthermore, the duration of chronic disease for more than 10 years (OR = 1.632, CI = 0.408–0.979, P = 0.040) was significantly associated with at-risk of malnutrition.

Conclusion:
The study revealed advanced age, underweight, low educational status, chronic respiratory diseases and physical inactivity as independent risk factors for malnutrition among the elderly.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Energy Drink Consumption amongst Undergraduate Students in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Sani Hafsat Umar , Ayaba Aminatu Kwaku , Abdullahi Hadiza Musa , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Tsiga Ahmed Fatimah Ismail , Adamu Aishatu L , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Overconsumption of energy drinks (EDs) is a global public health concern because of its potential health consequence.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ED consumption amongst undergraduate students in Kano, Northwest Nigeria.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to study 381 undergraduate students, selected using a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 22.0 with P ≤ 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 381 students were studied. The mean ± standard deviation age of the students was 23.1 ± 3.6 years with male-to-female distribution of about 1:1. Period prevalence of 67.0% within the last 30 days and point prevalence of 23.9% were found. The commonly used ED was Power Horse 44.6%. Up to 59.6% consumed EDs to boost their physical and mental capacity. Odds of ever-consuming EDs were lower in female undergraduates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3–0.7) and higher in Hausa/Fulani ethnic group (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.04–2.7). Amongst those who were currently consuming EDs, being 24 years or less (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.04–3.4) and coming from the Hausa/Fulani tribe (aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.4) were associated with increased consumption. Male undergraduates (aOR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.4) and students who were residing on campus were less likely to be current consumers of EDs (aOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9).

Conclusion:
Consumption of EDs is increasing amongst students and therefore relevant government agencies should ensure regulated advertisement and consumption to avert the health consequences.
Perception and Practices Towards COVID-19 Amongst Residents in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Akwaowo Christie Divine , Eyo Catherine Sebastian , Umoh Idongesit Odudu , Ekpin Victory Israel , Esubok Nneeka Uneabasi 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Within a short duration, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally, affecting all facets of life and causing widespread panic. This study set out to assess the perception and practices towards COVID-19 of urban and rural residents in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design and multistaged sampling technique were used. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire between October and December 2020. Scores assessing perception and practices were allocated and graded based on specific stratified demarcations. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 822 individuals from the selected households were interviewed (urban: 401, 48.8%; rural: 421, 51.2%). Majority of respondents urban (99.8%) and rural (97.9%) were aware of COVID-19. Most respondents had low risk-perception of COVID-19 (62.4%), with significantly more rural respondents having low-risk perception (70.6% rural vs. 54.0% urban). The general perception of COVID-19 amongst the respondents was good (79.2%) with no statistically significant difference between urban and rural residents. Most of the participants had good practices towards COVID-19, with significantly higher proportion of urban respondents having good practice (93.8%) compared to their rural counterparts (83.1%). Amongst rural residents, high-risk perception was associated with higher proportion of good practice (93.4%) compared to 84.5% of low-risk perception (P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
The participants had high level of awareness, low risk perception, good general perception and good practices toward COVID-19. However, urban respondents showed better practices towards COVID-19. More attention should be directed towards improving COVID-19 perception and practices particularly amongst rural residents.
A Comparative Study on the Prevalence and Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary (Formal) and Almajiri (Informal) School Pupils in Kura Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Gambo Safiya , Ibrahim Muutasim , Oyelami Oyeku A. , Raymond Belonwu 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Urinary schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the world today, particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Chronic infection can affect the genitourinary system. School pupils, particularly the informal Almajiri school pupils are at increased risk of the infection.

Study Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary and Almajiri school pupils in Kura Local Government Area (LGA) aged 5–15 years. We also aim to determine the presence of haematuria and proteinuria among these pupils.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional comparative study involving 200 primary and 200 Almajiri school pupils aged 5–15 years in Kura LGA who met the inclusion criteria. Urine samples were analysed by the dipstick urinalysis and microscopically examined for the egg S. haematobium.

Results:
The Almajiri school pupils had a significantly higher infection (55.5%) than the primary school pupils (43.0%). The infection was predominantly of light intensity in both school types (67%). The overall mean egg intensity was 51.6 ± 35 EPC. The infection was higher among boys and those aged 10 years and above. Majority of the pupils had microhaematuria (88.3%) and and proteinuria (71.1%), which were statistically significantly associated with the infection with P < 0.1 and P < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis is higher among the Almajiri school pupils compared to the primary school pupils. Control programmes should focus on these Almajiri pupils in addition to the primary school pupils.
Late Facial Nerve Paralysis Following Tympanomastoid Surgery
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Acharya Satyabrata , Shajahan Nibi 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Although uncommon, late or delayed facial nerve paralysis has been reported after tympanomastoid surgeries. The exact etiopathogenesis for late-onset facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery is still debatable.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the potential etiology and outcomes of the late facial nerve paralysis after the tympanomastoid surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen patients of the late facial nerve paralysis out of the 1434 cases after tympanomastoid surgery were analyzed. The potential etiologies of the late facial nerve paralysis and its outcome were evaluated.

Results:
There was fallopian canal dehiscence in 10 patients (55.55%) out of the 18 patients with late-onset facial nerve paralysis in contrast to 262 of 1434 patients (18.27%) without late facial nerve paralysis (P < 0.01). Chorda tympani nerve was injured in three cases (16.66%) and overstretched in three cases (16.66%) whereas 2 (11.11%) had herpes labialis out of the 18 patients with late-onset facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery.

Conclusion:
The risk for late/delayed facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery is very rare. Exposure of the facial nerve and fallopian canal dehiscence is important risk factors for late facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery. The viral reactivation and injury of the chorda tympani nerve may be triggered factor for the late facial nerve paralysis. The outcome of the posttympanomastoid surgery late facial nerve paralysis is excellent.
Restarting Neglected Tropical Diseases Programs in West Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Best Practices
Authors: Kabore Achille , Palmer Stephanie L. , Mensah Ernest , Ettiegne-Traore Virginie , Monteil Rose , Sintondji Franck , Tine Justin , Tesfaye Daniel , Ogoussan Kisito , Stukel Diana , Fuller Brian B. , Sanchez Katherine , Pou Bolivar , Dembele Benoit , Weaver Angela , Reid Steven , Milord Marie Denise , Kassankogno Yao , Seim Anders , Shott Joseph 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Countries across West Africa began reporting COVID-19 cases in February 2020. By March, the pandemic began disrupting activities to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as health ministries ramped up COVID-19–related policies and prevention measures. This was followed by interim guidance from the WHO in April 2020 to temporarily pause mass drug administration (MDA) and community-based surveys for NTDs. While the pandemic was quickly evolving worldwide, in most of West Africa, governments and health ministries took quick action to implement mitigation measures to slow the spread. The U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Act to End NTDs | West program (Act | West) began liaising with national NTD programs in April 2020 to pave a path toward the eventual resumption of activities. This process consisted of first collecting and analyzing COVID-19 epidemiological data, policies, and standard operating procedures across the program’s 11 countries. The program then developed an NTD activity restart matrix that compiled essential considerations to restart activities. By December 2020, all 11 countries in Act | West safely restarted MDA and certain surveys to monitor NTD prevalence or intervention impact. Preliminary results show satisfactory MDA program coverage, meaning that enough people are taking the medicine to keep countries on track toward achieving their NTD disease control and elimination goals, and community perceptions have remained positive. The purpose of this article is to share the lessons and best practices that have emerged from the adoption of strategies to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus during MDA and other program activities.
Sleep and Alertness Among Interns in Intensive Care Compared to General Medicine Rotations: A Secondary Analysis of the iCOMPARE Trial
Authors: Cordoza Makayla , Basner Mathias , Asch David A. , Shea Judy A. , Bellini Lisa M. , Carlin Michele , Ecker Adrian J. , Malone Susan K. , Desai Sanjay V. , Katz Joel T. , Bates David W. , Small Dylan S. , Volpp Kevin G. , Mott Christopher G. , Coats Sara , Mollicone Daniel J. , Dinges David F. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Medical interns are at risk for sleep deprivation from long and often rotating work schedules. However, the effects of specific rotations on sleep are less clear.

Objective
To examine differences in sleep duration and alertness among internal medicine interns during inpatient intensive care unit (ICU) compared to general medicine (GM) rotations.

Methods
This secondary analysis compared interns during a GM or ICU rotation from a randomized trial (2015–2016) of 12 internal medicine residency programs assigned to different work hour limit policies (standard 16-hour shifts or no shift-length limits). The primary outcome was sleep duration/24-hour using continuous wrist actigraphy over a 13-day period. Secondary outcomes assessed each morning during the concomitant actigraphy period were sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [KSS]), alertness (number of Brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test [PVT-B] lapses), and self-report of excessive sleepiness over past 24 hours. Linear mixed-effect models with random program intercept determined associations between each outcome by rotation, controlling for age, sex, and work hour policy followed.

Results
Of 398 interns, 386 were included (n = 261 GM, n = 125 ICU). Average sleep duration was 7.00±0.08h and 6.84±0.10h, and number of PVT lapses were 5.5±0.5 and 5.7±0.7 for GM and ICU, respectively (all P &gt; .05). KSS was 4.8±0.1 for both rotations. Compared to GM, ICU interns reported more days of excessive sleepiness from 12am–6am (2.6 vs 1.7, P &lt; .001) and 6am–12pm (2.6 vs 1.9, P = .013) and had higher percent of days with sleep duration &lt; 6 hours (27.6% vs 23.4%, P &lt; .001). GM interns reported more days with no excessive sleepiness (5.3 vs 3.7, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Despite ICU interns reporting more excessive sleepiness in morning hours and more days of insufficient sleep (&lt;6 hours), overall sleep duration and alertness did not significantly differ between rotations.
La descripción teórica de la detección electroanalítica del fármaco aripiprazol en el medio alcalino, asistida por el oxihidróxido de cobalto trivalente
Authors: Volodymyr V.  , Kushnir Marta V. , De Oliveira Silvio C. , Da Silva Adriano O. , Ivanushko Yana G. , Luganska Olga V. , Yagodynets Petro I. , Yagodynets Petro I. , Kormosh Zholt O. , Dytynchenko Inna M. , Lystvan Vitalii V. , Kusyak Natalia V. 
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo se describe, por la primera vez, la posibilidad de la detección electroanalítica del fármaco aripiprazol, asistida por el oxihidróxido de cobalto trivalente. En el medio alcalino, el aripiprazol se hidroliza formando un compuesto hidroquinónico, que se suele oxidar hacia la respectiva quinona y polimerizarse. El análisis del modelo correspondiente confirma que el proceso electroanalítico se mantiene eficiente, aunque sea “ramificado” el mecanismo de oxidación del fármaco. Cuanto a la inestabilidad oscilatoria, esta se realiza por causa de la influencia de la etapa electroquímica a la doble capa eléctrica.

In this work we describe, for the first time, the possibility of electroanalytical detection of the drug aripiprazole, assisted by trivalent cobalt oxyhydroxide. In the alkaline medium, aripiprazole is hydrolyzed to form a hydroquinone compound, which is usually oxidized to the respective quinone and polymerized. The analysis of the corresponding model confirms that the electroanalytical process remains efficient, although the oxidation mechanism of the drug is "branched". As for the oscillatory instability, it is due to the influence of the electrochemical step on the electrical double layer.