bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial of Music-Assisted Language Telehealth Intervention for Minimally Verbal Autistic Children - The MAP Study
Authors: Williams Tim I , Loucas Tom , Sin Jacqueline , Jeremic Mirjana , Aslett Georgia , Knight Melissa , Fincham-Majumdar Sara , Liu Fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: About 30% of children with ASD do not develop functional speech and remain non-verbal or minimally verbal even after years of speech, language and educational interventions. A wide range of interventions have been developed for improving communication in ASD, but none have proved effective in eliciting functional language in ASD children [1]. Research has found that people with ASD are more likely to have perfect pitch and prefer music to language. Further, it seems that language delay tends to co-occur with better musical skills. Brain imaging research has found that music alongside words increases the attention that people with ASD pay to spoken words. Methods: Our music-assisted programmes (MAP) will use music to attract the attention of people with ASD to speech, which may open the brain pathways to language and therefore help improve communication skills for people with ASD more than standard communication protocols. In particular, we aim to develop and test whether individualised, easily used MAP would increase spoken language in 24-60-month-old, nonverbal or minimally verbal children with ASD. We will develop a structured training method, delivered through naturalistic, interactive activities (e.g., songs) to teach language to ASD children. We will test this by comparing two groups: one undertaking music-assisted programmes, and the other receiving speech and language therapy in the way that is recommended in NHS clinics [2]. Participants will be allocated to groups randomly. The efficacy of MAP will be assessed through the learning of 36 target words. The 36 words will be chosen so that they are relevant to the everyday activities that the children take part in. Discussion: This feasibility randomised controlled trial will establish the acceptability and estimate the power of the MAP intervention to improve early word learning in children with ASD. In the longer term, this research will help us develop an app for parents or carers of children with ASD to design their own songs and implement their own individualised MAP.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN12536062. Registered 26 June 2019, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12536062
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding HIV Amongst Women of Childbearing Age in the NYANGA Province, Gabon
Authors: Mouinga-Ondémé Augustin , Maghendji-Nzondo Sydney , Buekens Julie , Engone-Ondo Jéordy-Dimitri , Imboumy-Limoukou Roméo Karl , Sir-Ondo-Enguier Pater Noster , de Carvalho Julie Niemczura , Tsafack-Tegomo Nathalie Pernelle , Lékana-Douki Jean-Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The seroprevalence of HIV in Gabon is 4.1%. This rate varies among its nine provinces and is estimated at 4.2% in the province of Nyanga. This variance is believed to be the result of a lack of information and beliefs regarding HIV transmission and prevention. There are currently scarce epidemiological data from this region of Gabon. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women of childbearing age from Nyanga province towards HIV.Methods: A 13-day cross-sectional descriptive study of 631 women aged 15 to 49 years was conducted within the five departments of the province to assess their knowledge and attitudes about HIV, with particular emphasis on mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). Household recruitment of participants was conducted and information was collected by means of a questionnaire. Correct answers were considered as indicating a basic knowledge of the topic assessed.Results: Around 90% of women (570/631) were of childbearing age but not pregnant during the survey, with a mean age of 28 years. Also, 10% (61/631) were pregnant. Among surveyed women, 99.2% had heard of HIV/AIDS and 81.8% knew at least one screening site for HIV. More than 83.6% knew that MTCT could occur during pregnancy, and 76.5% knew about transmission during breastfeeding. In addition, 86.5% knew that HIV couldn’t be transmitted through sharing food with an infected person. Similarly, 68.8% answered that HIV transmission cannot occur through mosquito bites. However, 45.8% of women said that HIV could be transmitted by witchcraft. For 81.6% of participants, HIV could be prevented by having a single monogamous sexual partner and protected sex. Seventy percent of the women were aware of antiretroviral therapy. More than 80% of the participants indicated that they had been screened overall, and 77.3% said that they had been offered HIV screening services during antenatal visits.Conclusions: Almost all women of childbearing age in Nyanga had heard of HIV, yet about half of them had poor knowledge of its modes of transmission. It is therefore imperative to carry out awareness campaigns in conjunction with HIV testing services to better understand the current prevalence of HIV infection in the region.
Alternate Delivery Platforms and Implementation Models for Bringing Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions to Scale for Youth Facing Adversity: A Case Study in West Africa
Authors: Bond Laura , Farrar Jordan , Borg Ryan C. , Keegan Katrina , Journeay Katharine , Hansen Nathan , Mac-Boima Emmanuel , Rassin Alimamy , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Youth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD) was launched as an implementation science collaboration focused on scaling out evidence-based mental health interventions for youth exposed to war and other adversities through novel delivery platforms. This implementation science case study examines the use of a collaborative team approach (CTA) as a scale-out strategy to foster the integration of an evidence-based group mental health intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention, into youth employment programs tied to regional economic development in Sierra Leone.Methods: A case study methodology is used to explore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating an evidence-based intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), into youth employment/entrepreneurship programs (EPP) in Sierra Leone, facilitated by the CTA. The authors analyzed field notes logged during program implementation, eight weeks of supervision notes, and 20 interviews with agency leaders and front-line staff delivering the YRI within this alternate delivery strategy. A linked Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial is evaluating the clinical effectiveness of the YRI within this delivery platform.Results: Extant data indicate the strong feasibility and acceptability of integrating the Youth Readiness Intervention into the EPP. Facilitators of integration of the YRI into the EPP include: mission alignment of the organizations with the delivery of psychosocial interventions, shared commitment to serving vulnerable youth, support from local District Youth Councils, and high interest from the youth served. Barriers include perceived competition between frontline organizations seeking funding for psychosocial interventions and EPPs, and challenges in flexibility between donors and implementation partners operating in a fragile/post conflict setting. The CTA was a feasible and acceptable strategy to support fidelity and quality improvement while scaling out the YRI.Conclusions: Youth entrepreneurship and livelihood programs offer a promising mechanism for expanding the reach of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to youth in fragile and post-conflict settings. Quality improvement and sustainment of EBIs are novel concepts in such settings. The CTA strategy institutionalizes the integration of an EBI into youth employment and entrepreneurship programs.Trial Registration: NCT03603613 (phase 1 pilot, registered May 18, 2018) and NCT03542500 (phase 2 scale-out study, registered May 18, 2018).
Extending a Euclidean Model of Ratio and Proportion
Authors: Carraher David W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is written for mathematics educators and researchers engaged at the elementary and middle school levels and interested in exploring ideas and representations for introducing students to ratio and proportion and for making a smooth transition from multiplication and division by whole numbers to their counterparts with fractions. Book V of Euclid’s Elements offers a scenario for deciding whether two ratios of magnitudes, embodied as a pair of line segments, are equal based on whether the ratios of magnitudes, when multiplied by the same whole numbers, n and m, each yield common products. This test of proportion can be performed using an educational software application where students are presented with a target ratio of commensurable magnitudes, A:B, and challenged to produce a selected ratio, C:D, that behaves like the target ratio under the critical conditions. The selected ratio is automatically constructed such that C:D = m:n, on the basis of a lattice point (n, m) chosen by the student. By adding partitive and Euclidean division to Euclid’s model, five new scenarios with similar goals are proposed. Representations in the Euclidean plane, on a number line, and in the Cartesian plane provide feedback that students may use to help identify a ratio of whole numbers corresponding to the targe ratio of magnitudes. The representations serve to highlight fractions as members of equivalence classes. The model remains to be investigated with teachers and students.
Magnetic Anisotropy Induced by Orbital Occupation States in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Film
Authors: Wang Huaixiang , Song Jinghua , Wang Weipeng , Chen Yuansha , Shen Xi , Yao Yuan , Li Junjie , Sun Jirong , Yu R.C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interface engineering is an effective and feasible method to regulate the magnetic anisotropy of films by altering interfacial states between different films. Using the technique of pulsed laser deposition, we prepared La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrCoO2.5 (LSMO/SCO) films on the (110)-oriented La0.3Sr0.7Al0.65Ta0.35O3 substrates. By covering the SCO film above the LSMO film, we transformed the easy magnetization axis of LSMO from the [001] axis to the [1\(\stackrel{\text{-}}{\text{1}}\)0] axis in the film plane. Based on statistical analyses, we found that the corresponding Mn-Mn ionic distances are different in the two types of LSMO films, causing different distortions of Mn-O octahedron in the LSMO film. In addition, it also induces diverse electronic occupation states in Mn3+ ions. The eg electron of Mn3+ occupies 3z2-r2 and x2-y2 orbitals in the LSMO and LSMO/SCO, respectively. We conclude that the electronic spin reorientation leads to the transformation of the easy magnetization axis in the LSMO films.
Comparison of Oral Health Status Between Special Needs and General Public Schoolchildren Aged 11-13 Years, Nepal
Authors: Pathak Bandana , Srithamrongsa Samrit , Taechaboonsermsak Pimsurang , Ngoenwiwatkul Yaowaluk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Children with physical disabilities are at greater risk of health problems including oral health. Dental caries is the most common among the aforementioned group and requires special dental treatments procedures. However, it is less clear on the severity of oral health problems among children with disabilities when compared to the general population. This study aimed to determine the current oral health status of children with disabilities aged 11-13 years and compared with general public schoolchildren of the same age. In this study, special needs children are referred to as children who have various physical disabilities and need specialized services or help.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 children (79 special needs and 79 general public schoolchildren) aged 11-13 years studying in special needs and general public schools in Kathmandu and Lalitpur Districts, Nepal. Dental examination was performed by using a mouth mirror and a probe according to WHO criteria and methods (1997).Results: Among the 79 special needs children, there were visually impaired (16.5%), hearing and speech impaired (25.3%), and orthopedically challenged (58.2%). Prevalence of dental caries among special needs children was high (75.9%) as compared to that of general public schoolchildren (65.8%). The means DMFT of special needs and others were 3.07 and 2.59 respectively. The means of Missing teeth between special needs and others were statistically significant (p<0.05). Only 8.8% of special needs children had good oral hygiene while 32.9% of the others had good oral hygiene. Moreover, untreated caries among special needs children was also higher than that of general children 62% compared with 54.4%. Conclusions: Nepalese special needs children are at higher risk of oral health problems due to their physical limitation in maintaining oral health care. They have poorer oral health compared to general children. Moreover, dental treatment for the group is limited to simple tooth extraction, and most caries is left untreated. It is imperative the policy that extends oral health preventions for children with disabilities into their community be implemented.
Responsiveness of Five Shoulder Outcome Measures at Follow-ups From 3 to 24 Months
Authors: Skare Øystein , Brox Jostein Skranes , Schrøder Cecilie Piene , Brox Jens Ivar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess responsiveness of five outcome measures at four different follow-ups in patients with SLAP II lesions of the shoulder.Methods: 119 patients with symptoms and signs, MRI arthrography and arthroscopic findings were included. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Oxford Instability Shoulder Score (OISS), EuroQol (EQ-5D3L), Rowe Score and Constant-Murley Score (CMS) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The analysis contains both anchor-based and distribution-based methods, and hypothesis testing. Results: Confidence intervals for ROC cut-off values, representing MID, for OISS, CMS and EQ-5D3L crossed zero at 3 months. Cut-off values were stable between 6- and 24-months follow-up. At 24-months ROC cut-off values (95% CI) were: Rowe 18 (13 to 24); WOSI 331 (289 to 442); OISS 9 (5 to 14); CMS 11 (9 to 15) and EQ-5D3L 0.123 (0.035 to 0.222). MID95%limit estimates were substantially higher than ROC cut-off values and MIDMEAN at all follow-ups for all instruments. The reliable change proportion (RCP) values in the improved group were highest for WOSI and the Rowe Score (ranging from 68% to 87%) and significantly lower for CMS. EQ-5D3L had the lowest values (13% to 16%). We found a moderate correlation between mean change scores of the outcome measures and the anchor, except for the EQ-5D3L.Conclusions: In patients with SLAP II-lesions the patient reported OISS and WOSI and the clinical Rowe score had best responsiveness. Our results suggest that 3 months follow-up is too early for outcome evaluation.
Experiences of NHS Mental Healthcare Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study
Authors: Liberati Elisa , Richards Natalie , Willars Janet , Scott David , Boydell Nicola , Parker Jennie , Pinfold Vanessa , Martin Graham , Dixon-Woods Mary , Jones Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has imposed extraordinary strains on healthcare workers, but, in contrast with acute settings, relatively little attention has been given to those who work in mental health settings. We aimed to characterise the experiences of those working in English NHS secondary mental health services during the first wave of the pandemic.Methods: The design was a qualitative interview-based study. We conducted semi-structured, remote (telephone or online) interviews with 35 members of staff from NHS secondary (inpatient and community) mental health services in England. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Results: Participants reported wide-ranging changes in the organisation of secondary mental health care and the nature of work in response to the pandemic, including pausing of all services deemed to be “non-essential”, deployment of staff across services to new and unfamiliar roles, and moves to remote working. The quality of participants’ working life was impaired by increasing levels of daily challenge associated with trying to provide care in trying and constrained circumstances, the problems of forging new ways of working remotely, and constraints on ability to access informal support for decision-making. Participants were confronted with difficult dilemmas relating to clinical decision-making, prioritisation of care, and compromises in ability to perform the therapeutic function of their roles. Other dilemmas centred on trying to balance the risks of controlling infection with the need for human contact. Many reported features of moral injury linked to their perceived failures in providing the quality or level of care that they felt service users needed. They sometimes sought to compensate for deficits in care through increased advocacy, taking on additional tasks, or making exceptions, but this led to further personal strain. Many experienced feelings of grief, helplessness, isolation, distress, and burnout. These problems were compounded by sometimes poor communication about service changes and by staff feeling that they could not take time off because of the potential impact on others. Some reported feeling poorly supported by organisations. Conclusions: Mental health workers faced multiple adversities during the pandemic that were highly consequential for their wellbeing. These findings help in identifying targets for support.
Health Literacy Knowledge Level of Chinese Registered Nurses and Associated Practices: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Qian Ying , Wu Jingjie , Yang Lili , Jiang Xiaofang , Chen Huaizeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth literacy is recognized as a social determinant of health based on its impact on health outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in the promotion of health literacy, health literacy practices enable nurses to offer understandable health information to all people and contribute to health equity. The aims of this study were to investigate health literacy knowledge level and associated practices among Chinese registered nurses and identify related factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used. The Chinese version of the Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Survey was adapted among registered nurses (N=768) from six hospitals in Zhejiang Province of China. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data of demographic characteristics, knowledge and associated practices.ResultsThe health literacy knowledge level of 768 nurses was 12.78±3.54, of the five content areas, basic facts about health literacy had the lowest correct answer rate 43.2%. Educational background (P=0.000), position (P=0.010), professional title (P=0.030), department (P=0.009), and whether they had heard about health literacy (P=0.022) were significantly correlated with health literacy knowledge level. The multiple linear regression analysis found that educational background and whether they had heard about health literacy were positively associated with health literacy knowledge level. In the aspect of health literacy education practice, using written materials to provide healthcare information (P=0.000), using computer software to provide healthcare information (P=0.003) and using teach-back to examine the effect of health education (P=0.000) were positively correlated with health literacy knowledge level.ConclusionThis study indicated that registered nurses in Zhejiang Province of China had low health literacy knowledge level and applied health literacy-associated practices inadequately. It is urgent to improve the knowledge level of nurses' health literacy. Educational background, position, professional title, department, and whether they had heard about health literacy were significantly correlated with health literacy knowledge level. In the continuous training, it is very important to design corresponding health literacy courses according to different departments and different levels of nurses.
A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall
Authors: Xu Hang , Chen Fulong , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Great Wall of China is one of the largest architectural heritage sites globally, and its sustainability is a significant concern. However, its large extent and diverse characteristics cause challenges for deformation monitoring. In this study, the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall was investigated in a case study to ascertain the damage and potential hazards of the architectural site. Two standard multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MTInSAR) technologies, including persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) SAR interferometry, were used for deformation monitoring using high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired in 2015–2017. The results of the two MTInSAR approaches revealed the health condition of the Great Wall. The Shanhaiguan section was stable, but local instabilities caused by rock falls were detected in some mountainous areas. In addition, the applicability of PSInSAR and SBAS was evaluated. The performance analysis of the two approaches indicated that a more reliable and adaptable MTInSAR technique needs to be developed for monitoring the Great Wall. This study demonstrates the potential of MTInSAR technology with high-resolution data for the health diagnosis of heritage sites with a linear structure, such as the Great Wall.
Fabrication of ultra-small GSH-AgNCs with excellent eschar penetration and antibacterial properties for the healing of burn infection wounds
Authors: Yang Peng , Yang Kang , Liu Lu , Li Chen , Tao Jun , Ai Fanrong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is evidence of bioburden as a barrier to chronic burn wound healing. Compared to traditional therapy, nanotechnology has availed a revolutionary approach to therapeutic and diagnostic applications in burns. In this article, we developed the glutathione-protected Ag nanoclusters (GSH-AgNCs) to manage burn wound infection. Owing to the specific structure, the GSH-AgNCs emitted strong red fluorescence under UV excitation, quantified via both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The GSH-AgNCs showed a significant inhibition potential on the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) , and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), hiding under the eschar. Of note, with 2-6nm particle size, GSH-AgNCs are effected in renal excretion, advocating for their biomedical and pharmacological applications.