bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asset Dissemination Through Dealer Markets
Authors: Colliard Jean-Edouard , Demange Gabrielle 
Published: March 2021

In over-the-counter markets for assets, such as bonds and securitizations, large volumes can be split into smaller pieces and gradually sold to several final investors with the intermediation of multiple dealers. This paper proposes a model to study this process, called asset dissemination. A dealer buys several units of an asset from a customer and then sells some units to the dealer’s customers and to a second dealer, who sells to the second dealer’s customers and to a third dealer, and so on. The extent of dissemination is measured by the number of dealers involved and the total customer demand served. We show that asymmetric information on customer demand hinders both dimensions of dissemination. We also study how the quantity to disseminate and the dealers’ funding costs impact dissemination and the prices and quantities in interdealer transactions. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Random pattern hatchet flap as a reconstructive tool in the treatment of pressure sores: clinical experience with 36 patients
Authors: Alfeehan MJ , Aljodah MA-A , Al-Zajrawee MZ , Marzook AA 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Pressure sores represent a reconstructive challenge, and the high recurrence rate and need for reoperations should always be considered. Sacrifice of muscle and fascia in primary reconstruction may compromise options for future repairs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of muscle- and fascia-sparing random pattern hatchet flap reconstruction of pressure sores in different body regions. Methods From November 2017 to December 2019, 36 participants with grade III and IV pressure sores underwent random pattern hatchet flap reconstruction. Early postoperative complications and flap survival were evaluated in follow up for 6–12 months. Results Thirty-six participants with an age range of 15 to 67 years who presented with pressure sores (13 sacral, 12 ischial, 10 trochanteric, and 1 scapular) underwent surgery. Complete healing of sores was observed within 21 days of surgery in 32 cases and within 30 days for the remaining four cases. Postoperative complications (11.2%) were recorded in only four participants: two experienced partial wound dehiscence, one seroma developed in a trochanteric case, and there was one infection in a sacral sore. Conclusions Random pattern hatchet flap is a reliable tool that results in minimal complications for treatment of pressure sores of limited dimensions.
HIV testing and seroprevalence among couples of people diagnosed with HIV in China: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ci , Qian Han-Zhu , Chen Xi , Bussell Scottie , Shen Yan , Wang Honghong , Li Xianhong 
Published: March 2021

Background
Partner notification and testing could expand HIV testing and link infections to care. We performed a meta-analysis on HIV testing rate and prevalence among couples of people diagnosed with HIV in China.

Methods
Six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Internet, and WanFang) and abstracts of five HIV/sexually transmitted infections conferences were searched up to February 1, 2020. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to assess HIV testing rate and prevalence among couples of Chinese people diagnosed with HIV.

Results
Of 3,657 records retrieved, 42 studies were identified. Among them, three studies were conducted among pregnant women and 10 among men who have sex with men. The pooled uptake rate of couples HIV testing among Chinese people diagnosed with HIV was 65% (95% confidence interval, 57% -73%; 23 studies). The pooled HIV prevalence among couples who had an HIV test was 28% [24%-32%] (38 studies). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled couples HIV testing uptake rates among pregnant women and men who have sex with men were 76% [66%-86%] (3 studies) and 49% [30%-68%] (8 studies), and the pooled HIV prevalence in two populations was 53% [27%-78%] (3 studies) and 14% [10%-17%] (10 studies), respectively.

Conclusions
Nearly two-thirds of couples of people diagnosed with HIV have had an HIV test, of whom 28% were positive. Couples of MSM with a positive HIV diagnosis had a lower testing rate, which indicates more effective strategies need to be carried out to improve couples HIV testing among Chinese MSM.
Validation of an admission coagulation panel for risk stratification of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Alabyad Darwish , Rangaraju Srikant , Liu Michael , Imran Rajeel , Kempton Christine L. , Sharifpour Milad , Auld Sara C. , Gaddh Manila , Sniecinski Roman , Maier Cheryl L. , Guarner Jeannette , Duncan Alexander , Nahab Fadi 
Published: March 2021

Background
There is limited data on the markers of coagulation and hemostatic activation (MOCHA) profile in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its ability to identify COVID-19 patients at risk for thrombotic events and other complications.

Methods
Hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-COV-2 from four Atlanta hospitals were included in this observational cohort study and underwent admission testing of MOCHA parameters (plasma d-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrin monomer). Clinical outcomes included deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, access line thrombosis, ICU admission, intubation and mortality.

Main results
Of 276 patients (mean age 59 ± 6.4 years, 47% female, 62% African American), 45 (16%) had a thrombotic endpoint. Each MOCHA parameter was independently associated with a thrombotic event (p<0.05) and ≥ 2 abnormalities was associated with thrombotic endpoints (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–8.8) as were admission D-dimer ≥ 2000 ng/mL (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.6) and ≥ 3000 ng/mL (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–7.9). However, only ≥ 2 MOCHA abnormalities were associated with ICU admission (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7–5.2) and intubation (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6–6.4). MOCHA and D-dimer cutoffs were not associated with mortality. MOCHA with <2 abnormalities (26% of the cohort) had 89% sensitivity and 93% negative predictive value for a thrombotic endpoint.

Conclusions
An admission MOCHA profile is useful to risk-stratify COVID-19 patients for thrombotic complications and more effective than isolated d-dimer for predicting risk of ICU admission and intubation.
Mixed effects analysis of factors associated with health insurance coverage among women in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Amu Hubert , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Dowou Robert Kokou , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Kissah-Korsah Kwaku 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionIn the pursuit of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets of universal health coverage and reducing maternal mortality, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have implemented health insurance policies over the last two decades. Given that there is a paucity of empirical literature at the sub-regional level, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage among women in in sub-Saharan Africa.Materials and methodsWe analysed cross-sectional data of 307,611 reproductive-aged women from the most recent demographic and health surveys of 24 sub-Saharan African countries. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using chi-square test of independence and multi-level logistic regression respectively. Results are presented as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) for the multilevel logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe overall coverage of health insurance was 8.5%, with cross-country variations. The lowest coverage was recorded in Chad (0.9%) and the highest in Ghana (62.4%). Individual-level factors significantly associated with health insurance coverage included age, place of residence, level of formal education, frequency of reading newspaper/magazine and watching television. Wealth status and place of residence were the contextual factors significantly associated with health insurance coverage. Women with no formal education were 78% less likely to be covered by health insurance (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.21–0.24), compared with those who had higher education. Urban women, however, had higher odds of being covered by health insurance, compared with those in the rural areas [aOR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.15–1.25].ConclusionWe found an overall relatively low prevalence of health insurance coverage among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. As sub-Saharan African countries work toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets of universal health coverage and lowering maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births, it is important that countries with low coverage of health insurance among women of reproductive age integrate measures such as free maternal healthcare into their respective development plans. Interventions aimed at expanding health insurance coverage should be directed at younger women of reproductive age, rural women, and women who do not read newspapers/magazines or watch television.
Cost of whole genome sequencing for non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica
Authors: Ford Laura , Glass Kathryn , Williamson Deborah A. , Sintchenko Vitali , Robson Jennifer M. B. , Lancsar Emily , Stafford Russell , Kirk Martyn D. 
Published: March 2021

Background
While whole genome sequencing (WGS) may be more expensive than traditional testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), simple cost comparisons ignore the potential for WGS to reduce the societal costs of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica through public health action to prevent illness.

Methods
We determined how many cases the use of WGS data would need to prevent to be cost-equal to serotyping and MLVA, or culture independent testing based on PCR in Australia. We then examined the costs and cost-savings of current typing methods compared with WGS in outbreak scenarios.

Results
A median of 275 (90% CrI -55-775) or 1.9% (90% CrI -0.4%-5.4%) of notified serotyped Salmonella cases would need to be prevented for WGS to be cost-equal to current typing methods and 1,550 (90% CrI 820–2,725) or 9.6% of all notified Salmonella cases would need to be prevented to be cost-equal to PCR. WGS is likely to result in cost savings in prolonged outbreaks, where data can support earlier public health action.

Conclusions
Despite currently having a higher cost per isolate, routine WGS of Salmonella was no more expensive than existing typing methods or PCR where >2% of illness was averted.
Exploring adults as support persons for improved pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV use among select adolescents and young adults in the Deep South
Authors: Hill Samantha V. , Johnson Jarvis , Rahman Fazlur , Dauria Emily F. , Mugavero Michael , Matthews Lynn T. , Simpson Tina , Elopre Latesha 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (PrEP) is an effective yet underutilized biomedical tool for adolescents and young adults’ (AYA) HIV prevention due to barriers such as PrEP adherence. We assessed HIV prevention knowledge, attitudes and beliefs from adults who self-identified as a primary support person to an AYA.

Methods
We surveyed AYA primary support persons at an academic hospital. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were completed to identify factors associated with the belief AYAs engaging in HIV-associated behaviors should use PrEP and willingness to support AYAs on PrEP.

Results
200 primary support persons completed the survey. Participants were predominately female (77%) and black (56%). Nearly all primary support persons believed AYAs engaging in HIV-associated behaviors should take PrEP (94%) and 98% would support an AYA taking PrEP via transportation to appointments, assistance with refilling prescriptions, medication reminders, or encouragement.

Conclusions
Primary support persons are willing to support AYAs using PrEP.
Development and validation of a predictive model for critical illness in adult patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19
Authors: Paranjape Neha , Staples Lauren L. , Stradwick Christina Y. , Ray Herman Gene , Saldanha Ian J. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Identifying factors that can predict severe disease in patients needing hospitalization for COVID-19 is crucial for early recognition of patients at greatest risk.

Objective
(1) Identify factors predicting intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and (2) develop a simple calculator for clinicians managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods
A total of 2,685 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a large metropolitan health system in Georgia, USA between March and July 2020 were included in the study. Seventy-five percent of patients were included in the training dataset (admitted March 1 to July 10). Through multivariable logistic regression, we developed a prediction model (probability score) for ICU transfer. Then, we validated the model by estimating its performance accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]) using data from the remaining 25% of patients (admitted July 11 to July 31).

Results
We included 2,014 and 671 patients in the training and validation datasets, respectively. Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, serum C-reactive protein, and serum lactate dehydrogenase were identified as significant risk factors for ICU transfer, and a prediction model was developed. The AUC was 0.752 for the training dataset and 0.769 for the validation dataset. We developed a free, web-based calculator to facilitate use of the prediction model (https://icucovid19.shinyapps.io/ICUCOVID19/).

Conclusion
Our validated, simple, and accessible prediction model and web-based calculator for ICU transfer may be useful in assisting healthcare providers in identifying hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk for clinical deterioration. Triage of such patients for early aggressive treatment can impact clinical outcomes for this potentially deadly disease.
An assessment of non-communicable disease mortality among adults in Eastern Uganda, 2010–2016
Authors: Natukwatsa Davis , Wosu Adaeze C. , Ndyomugyenyi Donald Bruce , Waibi Musa , Kajungu Dan 
Published: March 2021

Background
There is a dearth of studies assessing non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality within population-based settings in Uganda. We assessed mortality due to major NCDs among persons ≥ 30 years in Eastern Uganda from 2010 to 2016.

Methods
The study was carried out at the Iganga-Mayuge health and demographic surveillance site in the Iganga and Mayuge districts of Eastern Uganda. Information on cause of death was obtained through verbal autopsies using a structured questionnaire to conduct face-face interviews with carers or close relatives of the deceased. Physicians assigned likely cause of death using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated using direct method, with the average population across the seven years of the study (2010 to 2016) as the standard. Age categories of 30–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and ≥ 71 years were used for standardization.

Results
A total of 1,210 deaths among persons ≥ 30 years old were reported from 2010 to 2016 (50.7% among women). Approximately 53% of all deaths were due to non-communicable diseases, 31.8% due to communicable diseases, 8.2% due to injuries, and 7% due to maternal-related deaths or undetermined causes. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for the largest proportion of NCD deaths in each year, and women had substantially higher cardiovascular disease mortality rates compared to men. Conversely, women had lower diabetes mortality rates than men for five of the seven years examined.

Conclusions
Non-communicable diseases are major causes of death among adults in Iganga and Mayuge; and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are leading causes of NCD deaths. Efforts are needed to tackle NCD risk factors and provide NCD care to reduce associated burden and premature mortality.
Analysis of anaesthesia services to calculate national need and supply of anaesthetics in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hofer Christoph Karl , Wendel Garcia Pedro David , Heim Christof , Ganter Michael Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Background
In Switzerland, details of current anaesthesia practice are unknown. However, they are urgently needed to manage anaesthesia drug supply in times of drug shortages due to the pandemic.

Methods
We surveyed all Swiss anaesthesia institutions in April 2020 to determine their annual anaesthesia activity. Together with a detailed analysis on anaesthetic drug use of a large, representative Swiss anaesthesia index institution, calculations and projections for the annual need of anaesthetics in Switzerland were made. Only those drugs have been analysed that are either being used very frequently or that have been classified critical with regard to their supply by the pharmacy of the index institution or the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health.

Results
The response rate to our questionnaire was 98%. Out of the present 188 Swiss anaesthesia institutions, 185 responded. In Switzerland, the annual number of anaesthesias was 1’071’054 (12’445 per 100’000 inhabitants) with a mean anaesthesia time of 2.03 hours. Teaching hospitals (n = 54) performed more than half (n = 572’231) and non-teaching hospitals (n = 103) provided almost half of all anaesthesias (n = 412’531). Thereby, private hospitals conducted a total of 290’690 anaesthesias. Finally, office-based anaesthesia institutions with mainly outpatients (n = 31) administered 86’292 anaesthesias. Regarding type of anaesthesia provided, two thirds were general anaesthesias (42% total intravenous, 17% inhalation, 8% combined), 20% regional and 12% monitored anaesthesia care. Projecting for example the annual need for propofol in anaesthesia, Switzerland requires 48’573 L of propofol 1% which corresponds to 5’644 L propofol 1% per 100’000 inhabitants every year.

Conclusions
To actively manage anaesthesia drug supply in the context of the current pandemic, it is mandatory to have a detailed understanding of the number and types of anaesthesias provided. On this basis, the Swiss annual consumption of anaesthetics could be projected and the replenishment organized.
Effectiveness of a school-based programme of animal-assisted humane education in Hong Kong for the promotion of social and emotional learning: A quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Ngai Joe T. K. , Yu Rose W. M. , Chau Kathy K. Y. , Wong Paul W. C. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHumane education, which focuses on the cultivation of kindness and empathy towards animals, the environment, and fellow humans, helps children to be less egocentric and more sensitive to the human–animal interaction in ecology.AimThis study aimed to evaluate an animal-assisted, school-based humane education programme that promotes a humane attitude and enhances social–emotional competence for children in Hong Kong.MethodA sequential mixed-methods formative evaluation was adopted in the pilot year of the programme. A controlled trial and focus groups were conducted to evaluate the preliminary outcomes and process of the programme and to identify the implementation obstacles and effective strategies. One hundred and ten primary three students from two primary schools participated in the study (55 in the intervention group and 55 in the control group with ordinary formal school extra-curricular activities). Paired sample t tests and a mixed ANOVA were conducted to explore the changes in students’ social–emotional competence in our programme and two typical extra-curricular school programmes. Thematic analysis was conducted to categorise the transcriptions from the focus groups.ResultsQuantitative findings indicated that class-based, animal-assisted humane education increased cognitive competence (t[24] = 2.42, p = .02), empathy (t[24] = 2.94, p < .01), and reduced hyperactivity (t[23] = -2.40, p = .02). Further analysis indicated that the participant recruitment strategies moderate the impact of interventions on the development of empathy (F[2,104] = 4.11, p = .02) and cognitive competence (F[2,104] = 2.96, p = .05). Qualitative analysis suggested three major themes: enhancement of self-control, promotion of humane attitude, and improvement of reading skills.ConclusionThe preliminary results of this pilot study indicate positive effects of the programme. Vigorous systematic formative evaluation on the process and effective implementation should be included in future follow-up studies to ensure its sustainability and fidelity.
Gastric Electrical Stimulators Causing Erosion Through the Colonic Wall
Authors: Condon Sally , Patel Aniruddh , Shah Nihar , Stocker Abigail , Hughes Michael , Farmer Russell , Abell Thomas 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Gastroparesis is a chronic motor disorder of the stomach characterized by the demonstration of delayed gastric emptying without obstruction and a grouping of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness, bloating and abdominal pain. When conservative medical management is not effective, gastric electrical stimulation is an effective alternative. Gastric electrical stimulation, in general, has had a low complication rate as of yet, with the most common being infection of the implanted device. We present a complication in which the gastric electrical stimulator electrodes eroded through the colonic wall.
A Therapeutic Approach to Cecal Varices
Authors: Kudaravalli Pujitha , Saleem Sheikh A. , Pendela Venkata Satish , Manocha Divey 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Ectopic varices account for 1%–5% of all variceal bleeding episodes. The most common presentation of cecal varices is an acute episode of a massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. However, cecal varices can be found incidentally and can be silent for a prolonged period of time before presenting with a massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Through this case of a 63-year-old woman, we would like to highlight the paucity of literature in the treatment of nonbleeding cecal varices.
Fatal Aortoesophageal Fistula Complicating Placement of a 20-mm Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Refractory Esophagojejunal Anastomotic Stricture
Authors: Patel Rupal H. , Everett Brendan T. , Akselrod Dmitriy , Frasca Joseph D. , Gordon Stuart R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the case of a patient with a benign refractory esophagojejunal anastomotic stricture for which a 20-mm lumen-apposing metal stent was placed, resulting in a fatal aortoenteric fistula. We report this case to alert others to this potential complication of LAMS placement for esophageal strictures and recommend caution when using the 20-mm LAMS in similar settings.
An Improved Version of the Fluxgate Compass Module
Authors: Petrucha V. 
Published: March 2021

Satellite based navigation systems (GPS) are widely used for ground, air and marine navigation. In the case of a malfunction or satellite signal inaccessibility, some back-up navigation system is needed. An electronic compass can provide this function. The compass module described in this paper is designed for precise navigation purposes. The compass module is equipped with electronic tilt error compensation, and includes everything in one package – electronics with digital output, sensors. A typical application of this compass is in underground drilling. A critical parameter in this application is heading accuracy. A reading error of 1 degree can cause a displacement of 1.8 metres in the target area (length of tunnel 100 m). This is not acceptable in an urban conglomeration, and therefore a more accurate heading sensing device must be used. An improved version of this electronic compass is being finished.