bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Katzenberg Gideon , Deacon Andrew , Aigbirior Joshua , Vestbo Jørgen 
Published: July 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent condition in the UK, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hospital physicians manage a significant portion of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions to hospital and readmissions after discharge. Optimal management of exacerbations requires controlled oxygen therapy and ventilatory support where necessary, and careful administration of bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics. Holistic care for these patients includes nutritional supplementation and palliative support for those with advanced disease. To reduce the chance of readmission, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care bundles can be used, along with a review of inhaled and oral therapies. Where available, hospital-at-home discharge schemes can safely facilitate early discharge. Most importantly, high quality evidence-based smoking cessation support must be offered to smokers. Exercise improves the physiological and psychological condition of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and should be encouraged, with referral to a pulmonary rehabilitation service if available.
College-Based Transition Services' Impact on Self-Determination for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Schillaci Rebecca S. , Parker Caroline E. , Grigal Meg , Paiewonsky Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most youth in transition services with labels of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have poorer employment outcomes than their peers with other or without disabilities. One alternative approach to address this challenge provides youth with IDD access to transition services in the context of a college or university campus. College-based transition services (CBTS) provide students with IDD access to college courses, internships, and employment during their final 2 to 3 years of secondary education. A quasi-experimental design evaluation of one college-based transition services model, Think College Transition, found that, after controlling for student baseline scores, the college-based transition services had a significant effect on students' scores of self-determination at post-test. Implications for further refining the model are discussed.
Active maintenance of a segmented mirror based on edge and tip sensing
Authors: Wang Bin , Dai Yichun , Jin Zhenyu , Yang Dehua , Xu Fangyu 
Published: July 2021

An 8 m ring aperture segmented telescope is one of the important elements of the
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST) project. In addition, active
control of the primary mirror has become a key technology of the 8 m
ring solar telescope (8 m RST). Due to the particularity of the ring
aperture, the active maintenance of the segmented RST faces the
following problem: edge detection cannot provide enough information to
fulfil the closed-loop control. A scheme of using edge and tip
detection to complete the active maintenance of an 8 m RST has been
proposed. To study the feasibility and performance of edge detection
combined with tip detection, we built a workbench of a two-segmented
mirror and carried out an active maintenance analysis and experiment.
Two capacitive sensors were used to detect the edge height change
between the segments, and a Shack–Hartmann sensor was used to detect
the tip and tilt change of the segment. A stable mirror figure was
achieved during 100 min, and the mirror figure error was maintained at
18.94 nm. This work will provide reference for the implementation of
the active control for a segmented ring telescope and also give
evidence for the choice of the primary mirror of the CGST.
Monolithic all-silicon flat lens for broadband LWIR imaging
Authors: Kigner Orrin , Meem Monjurul , Baker Brian , Banerji Sourangsu , Hon Philip W. C. , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Menon Rajesh 
Published: July 2021

We designed, fabricated, and characterized a flat multi-level diffractive lens comprised of only silicon with

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=

15.2

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, focal

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19

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m

, numerical aperture of 0.371, and operating over the long-wave infrared (LWIR)

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m

=

8

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to 14 µm. We experimentally demonstrated a field of view of 46°, depth of focus

>

5

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m

, and wavelength-averaged Strehl ratio of 0.46. All of these metrics were comparable to those of a conventional refractive lens. The active device thickness is only 8 µm, and its weight (including the silicon substrate) is less than 0.2 g.
High precision dual-modulation differential terahertz ATR sensor for liquid measurements
Authors: Zheng Xiujun , Gevart Thomas , Gallot Guilhem 
Published: July 2021

We describe a highly sensitive and stable quantum-cascade-laser-based attenuated total reflection (ATR) terahertz sensor for the detection of very low concentration solutions, using a dual-modulation differential approach and ATR geometry. This sensor offers a very high dynamic range and a long-term stability of 40 dB, which extends the potential of terahertz radiation for the analysis of liquid and biological samples. The performance is illustrated by measurements on standard solutions of ions, sugars, and proteins, for concentrations down to 1 µM.
SPP waveguide based on the Goos–Hänchen effect
Authors: Melentiev Pavel , Kuzin Arthur , Negrov Dmitry , Balykin Victor 
Published: July 2021

We propose and realize a single-mode surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide formed by two parallel grooves on the surface of a high-quality silver film. In the waveguide, the SPP wave undergoes the Goos–Hänchen shift of up to

0.77

⋅

λ

S
P
P

at each successive reflection, with the electric field of the SPP wave outside the metal, which significantly reduces the metal loss of the guided SPP wave. Using the waveguide, we demonstrate a complex on-chip optical circuit that includes (1) SPP plane wave excitation, (2) SPP plane wave focusing with a parabolic mirror, and (3) coupling of the focused SPP wave to the waveguide.
Silicon photonics phase and intensity modulators for flat frequency comb generation
Authors: Deniel Lucas , Weckenmann Erwan , Pérez Galacho Diego , Lafforgue Christian , Monfray Stéphane , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Bramerie Laurent , Boeuf Frédéric , Viven Laurent , Marris-Morini Delphine 
Published: July 2021

Flat electro-optical frequency combs play an important role in a wide range of applications, such as metrology, spectroscopy, or microwave photonics. As a key technology for the integration of optical circuits, silicon photonics could benefit from on-chip, tunable, flat frequency comb generators. In this article, two different architectures based on silicon modulators are studied for this purpose. They rely on a time to frequency conversion principle to shape the comb envelope. Using a numerical model of the silicon traveling-wave phase modulators, their driving schemes are optimized before their performances are simulated and compared. A total of nine lines could be obtained within a 2 dB flatness, with a line-spacing ranging from 0.1 to 7 GHz. Since this tunability is a major asset of electro-optical frequency combs, the effect of segmenting the phase modulators is finally investigated, showing that the flat lines spacing could be extended up to 39 GHz by this method.
The effect of body weight-supported overground gait training for patients with Parkinson’s disease: A retrospective case-control observational study
Authors: Koyanagi Yasuki , Fukushi Isato , Nakamura Masatoshi , Suzuki Kouji , Oda Nobuhito , Aita Takashi , Seki Hareaki 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To evaluate the effects of body weight-supported overground gait training (BWSOGT) on motor abilities, such as gait and balance, in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Design
Retrospective case-controlled observational study with a 4-week follow-up.

Setting
Inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants
We selected 37 of 68 patients with PD. Inclusion criteria were (1) Hoehn & Yahr stage II–IV, (2) no medication adjustment during the study period, (3) at least 1 week since last medication adjustment, and (4) ability to walk more than 10 meters on their own. Exclusion criteria were (1) cerebrovascular disease or other complications affecting movement, (2) difficulty in measurement, (3) early discharge, (4) medication change during the study, and (5) development of complications.

Interventions
Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group I underwent 20 minutes of BWSOGT with a mobile hoist in addition to the standard exercises; Group II performed 20 minutes of gait training in place of BWSOGT. In both groups, training was performed for a total of 15 times/4 weeks.

Main outcome measure(s)
Participants were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total, part II, and part III; 10-m walk test; velocity; stride length; 6-minute walk test; timed up and go test; Berg Balance Scale; and freezing of gait before and after the intervention.

Results
There were significant decreases in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total, part II, and part III in both groups; however, 6-minute walk test, timed up and go test, and freezing of gait results only improved in Group I.

Conclusions
BWSOGT for patients with PD improves gait ability and dynamic balance more than standard gait training.
Prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking
Authors: Sadoghi Birgit , Schmid-Zalaudek Karin , Zalaudek Iris , Fink-Puches Regina , Niederkorn Anna , Wolf Ingrid , Rohrer Peter , Richtig Erika 
Published: July 2021

Background
Melanocytic nevi have a complex evolution influenced by several endogenous and exogenous factors and are known risk factors for malignant melanoma. Interestingly, tobacco use seems to be inversely associated with melanoma risk. However, the association between tobacco use and nevi and lentigines has not yet been evaluated.

Methods
We investigated the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking in a cohort of 59 smokers and 60 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, using a questionnaire and performing a total body skin examination by experts.

Results
No significant differences were detected between smokers and nonsmokers in the numbers of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in sun-exposed areas (p = 0.966, 0.326, and 0.241, respectively) and in non-sun-exposed areas (p = 0.095, 0.351, and 0.546, respectively).

Conclusion
Our results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines between smokers and nonsmokers in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas.
La polarización de la opinión pública europea ante la inmigración
Authors: Goya García de Paor Caoimhe 
Published: July 2021

A lo largo de la última década, Europa se ha enfrentado a una profunda recesión económica seguida de un aumento del número de ataques terroristas como consecuencia de los conflictos en Oriente Medio y a una grave crisis migratoria que se caracteriza por la llegada masiva de refugiados e inmigrantes al Sur de Europa. Todo ello ha generado un sentimiento cada vez más generalizado de recelo hacia la globalización, manifestándose en un avivado llamamiento a la primacía de la soberanía del Estado y al cierre de fronteras.
En este contexto, existe una enorme polarización en la opinión pública en torno a cómo debe tratarse el tema de la inmigración. Mientras que en Estados como Irlanda el porcentaje de la población favorable a la inmigración se fija en un 76 por ciento, en otros Estados tales como la República Checa, la actitud positiva ante la inmigración se manifiesta en un 14,58 por ciento de la población. Esta discordancia de opinión es un reflejo de la crisis de valores que está sufriendo la Unión Europea. Mientras que un sector de la población europea quiere seguir manteniéndose fiel a los valores iniciales sobre los que se fundó la UE, otro amplio sector considera necesario reexaminar nuestros valores en pro de la economía, la identidad social y la seguridad de los ciudadanos.
Bacteriology of Antral Effluents and their Sensitivities at IKOT EKPENE and Calabar, South-South Nigeria.
Authors: Mgbe DR Robert B , Offiong Dr Mbora E. , Adekanye Dr Abiola  Grace , Emanghe Dr Ubleni 
Published: July 2021

Sinusitis is a common infection all over the world. It occurs very often together with rhinitis and the term rhinosinusitis is used interchangeably with sinusitis. It is usually triggered by viral inflammation of the sinuses which is later followed by bacterial infection,
Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the microbial distribution in antral sinus effluents in calabar and Ikot ekpene and to determine their sensitivity pattern.
Method: Patients with symptoms like headache, cacosmia, purulent nasal discharge and confirmed radiological evidence of sinusitis had antral washout done on one or both sides. The effluent was collected and immediately sent to the microbiology lab for microscopy, culture and sensitivity.
Results: Forty eight patients were used for the study during a nineteen year period; year 2000- 2019.There were 30 males and 18 females with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. The age range was 10-70 years with a mean age of 40 years. The distribution of microbes seen was as follows; Staphylococcus species(29.1%), Streptococcus species(18.7%), Coliforms (16.7%), Heamophilus, Proteus, Bramharella and Pseudomanas (4.2%) each, Candida (2.0%) and no growth in(16.7%). Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, genticin, ceftriaxone and augmentin had good sensitivity to the microbes while chloramphenicol and ampicillin had very low sensitivity.
Conclusion: Rhinosinusitis occurs more in adults. Staphylococcus streptococcus and coliforms are the dominant species in our environment. Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and augmentin are the antibiotics with the highest sensitivity.
Synthesis and biological activities of alcohol extract of black cumin seeds (Bunium persicum)-based gold nanoparticles and their catalytic applications
Authors: Bahattab Omar , Khan Ibrahim , Bawazeer Sami , Rauf Abdur , Qureshi Muhammad Nasimullah , Al-Awthan Yahya S. , Muhammad Naveed , Khan Ajmal , Akram Muhammad , Islam Mohammad Nazmul , Bin Emran Talha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fast, simple, and environmentally friendly gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) capped and stabilized with black cumin (Bunium persicum) seed alcohol extract are reported. The aqueous gold ions (Au3+) were treated with B. persicum (BP) seed extract, which resulted in a rapid color change to red, indicating the synthesis of Au-NPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to further characterize the Au-NPs. Its stability was assessed against various pH levels and sodium chloride levels (NaCl), different salts of same concentration as well as at a range of temperature (30–100°C). The UV-Vis spectrum in the Au-NPs produced a 540 nm plasmon surface resonance, and a 25–50 nm range of particulates was shown in the SEM analysis. In addition, the FTIR spectra confirmed the inclusion in the capping and decrease of Au-NPs of amines, amide groups, and alcohols. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of element Au. Furthermore, Au-NPs were tested for enzyme inhibition and antibacterial and antifungal activities and showed remarkable response. These findings have concluded that BP seed extract is an effective bio-reductant of gold nanoparticle synthesis, which can be further applied in different biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
Numerical simulation of the particle-wall collision strength and swirling effect on the performance of the axial flow cyclone separator
Authors: Mao Yanqin , Pu Wenhao , Cai Liang , Li Chaojie , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhan Zhixing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The axial cyclone separator has simple structure, operates to reducing dust concentration in grain storehouses, and features low production cost, and convenient installation. Aiming to obtain the separation characteristics of an axial flow guide separator, the particle wall collision and the performance of multi-tubes were simulated with Fluent. The renormalization group (RNG) k − ε model was used to study the turbulent modeling and the user define function (UDF) was used to calculate the particle-wall collision. The simulation and experimental results were compared to verify the computation model. The results showed that the basic feature of the flow pattern remains stable and the separation efficiency of 800 kg/m3 particles is higher than 2650 kg/m3 particles when the inlet velocity increases from 2 to 5 m/s. When the inlet velocity was 5 m/s, the normal velocity restitution ratio had a significant effect on the efficiency, the separation efficiency of 167 μm particles changed from 76.74 to 97.93% and a smaller normal velocity restitution ratio had a higher the efficiency. In comparison, the efficiency remained unchanged when changing the tangential velocity restitution ratio. Furthermore, the effects of three target wall materials on the separation efficiency were investigated. And the simulated efficiency the of 296 μm particle of 2024 aluminum, 410 stainless steel and Ga1–4V titanium were 82.15, 79.52 and 77.53% respectively. Besides, effects of tube diameter on performances of cyclone separator were discussed and high intense collisions between particles and walls may occur in a small diameter of cyclone tube, causing deteriorated separation performance. Moreover, with the addition of the dust chamber, the efficiency of cyclone used in combination is slightly improved since the vortex in the exhaust pipe has been finely changed.
Rendering waste oil as a new source for the synthesis of emulsifier: optimization, purification, and characterization
Authors: Göksel Saraç Meryem , Doğan Mahmut 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The enzymatic glycerolysis conditions in the production emulsifier by using the rendering waste oil were optimized in the present study. The effects of changes in duration (1–27 h), temperature (50–80 °C), enzyme (5–20%), and glycerol (5–20%) concentration, addition of solvent (acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and tert-butanol) and water addition (3.5% of glycerol rate), and ultrasound application on the enzymatic glycerolysis reaction medium for mono- and diglyceride production were investigated. After determining the optimum conditions, the effects of the ultrasonic bath on the physic-chemical and rheological properties of emulsifier, the oxidation tests were examined. Using the preparative column chromatography method, three different emulsifier compositions were achieved and named E100, E50-50, and E50-40-10 by their monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglyceride contents, respectively. Then, the post-purification emulsion properties and rheological behaviors of emulsifier samples were determined. E50-40-10 emulsifier was found to be the best sample in terms of rheological properties and emulsion stability.
Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by sodium alginate microgels
Authors: Wu Yuehan , Hu Meng , Chen Fangfang , Zhang Chao , Gao Zhiming , Xu Longquan , Cui Shaohua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this research, sodium alginate (ALG) microgels were prepared with different ALG concentrations, and physicochemical and emulsifying profiles of these hydrophilic microgels were comparatively analyzed. Results showed that these microgels possessed different size, hardness, and surface charge. All these microgels could stabilize an oil-in-water emulsion through the Mickering mechanisms, and smaller microgels had better emulsifying capacity. The surface hydrophobicity and interfacial tension of the microgels had no exact effects on their emulsifying behaviors. Compared with the harder microgels (prepared with high ALG concentration, e. g. 4 mg/mL), the emulsifying capacities of the softer ones (prepared with low ALG concentration, e.g. 1 mg/mL) were more sensitive to the high salt concentration (200 mM NaCl) but stable under acidic environment (pH 2.0). Our research would afford a new strategy for the manufacture and application of the novel polysaccharide-based emulsifiers.
The impact of vestibular symptoms and electronystagmography results on recovery from sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Vofo Gaelle , de Jong Marrigje Aagje , Kaufman Michal , Meyler Julia , Eliashar Ron , Gross Menachem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) represents a frequently encountered otological entity, of various types and severity, with an array of associated symptoms including vertigo. This is a devastating life-changing condition with a blurry prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical association of vestibular impairment by electronystagmography (ENG) and caloric tests, and their ability to predict prognosis.

Methods
An observational, crossectional study was carried out amongst patients admitted with SSNHL. Each consenting patient had an audiometry test performed on admission as well as ENG and caloric tests. Treatment included oral steroids and carbogen with intratympanic steroids used only as salvage treatment. Follow-up was completed after 6 months when hearing gains were evaluated. Finally, an association was sought between the rate of recovery and ENG and caloric test results.

Results
Of 35 patients included, marked recovery was seen in patients without vertigo when compared to those with vertigo (p=0.003). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of vertigo and hearing deterioration (p=0.008). More so, normal electronystagmography results were associated with marked recovery (p=0.04).

Conclusions
The vestibular end organs are both subjectively and objectively affected in SSNHL as demonstrated by the abnormal ENG and caloric tests in our study despite the small sample size. Concomitant vestibular involvement carries poorer prognosis and routine identification may help foresee the recovery of patients with SSNHL and as such, aid in patient counseling. ENG and caloric tests are easily available and may be recommended for all patients with SSNHL.