bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative care and coping in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Mediation analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nelson Ashley M. , Amonoo Hermioni L. , Kavanaugh Alison R. , Webb Jason A. , Jackson Vicki A. , Rice Julia , Lavoie Mitchell W. , Fathi Amir T. , Brunner Andrew M. , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , El‐Jawahri Areej , LeBlanc Thomas W. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIt has been shown previously that integrated palliative care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during intensive chemotherapy leads to improvements in quality of life (QOL) and mood. Coping has been shown to mediate palliative care interventions in advanced cancer; the mechanisms by which improvements occur among patients with AML remain unexplained.MethodsThe authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from a multisite randomized trial of integrated palliative and oncology care (IPC; n = 86) versus usual care (n = 74) for hospitalized patients with AML undergoing intensive chemotherapy. IPC patients met with palliative care at least twice weekly during their initial and subsequent hospitalizations. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Leukemia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory to assess QOL, mood, and coping at the baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 12, and 24. Linear regression models were used to assess the effect of IPC on coping. Causal mediation regression models were used to examine whether changes in coping mediated intervention effects on patient‐reported outcomes at week 2.ResultsOne hundred sixty eligible patients (68.1%) were enrolled. Those randomized to IPC reported improvements in approach‐oriented coping (P < .01) and reductions in avoidant coping (P < .05). These changes in coping mediated the intervention effects on QOL (95% CI, 2.14‐13.63), depression (95% CI, –2.05 to –0.27), and anxiety symptoms (95% CI, –1.25 to –0.04). Changes in approach‐oriented and avoidant coping accounted for 78% of the total palliative care intervention effect on QOL, for 66% of the effect on depression, and for 35% of the effect on anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsPalliative care integrated during intensive chemotherapy for patients with AML facilitates coping strategy use. Improvement in coping skills accounts for a substantial proportion of the effect from a palliative care intervention on patient‐reported outcomes.
Energy‐aware disaster backup among cloud datacenters using multiobjective reinforcement learning in software defined network
Authors: Yi Shanwen , Li Xiaole , Wang Hua , Qin Yao , Yan Jiaxin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe transmission process of disaster backup with long distance and massive data causes huge energy consumption. Reducing the number of occupied intermediate forwarding devices and shortening the transmission completion time are two key factors for energy saving. Not jointly considering them, previous work can hardly realize optimal energy‐aware transmission only by single objective optimization. For the first time, we leverage multiobjective reinforcement learning to simultaneously minimize the number of occupied intermediate forwarding devices and the transmission completion time in software defined network. We propose two‐level reinforcement learning, consisting of search and selection operation. In the internal reinforcement learning, we aim to reduce hop number, improve node sharing degree, and give priority to the links with larger residual capacity. Then in the external level, we aim to reduce the total number of occupied devices and increase the total backup flow. We leverage Chebyshev scalarization function based on pseudo‐random proportional rule to simplify weight selection, and enforce exploration to avoid falling into local optimum. We design the vector of rewards for different objectives, and update Pareto approximate set by multiple state steps to approach the optimal solution. Our strategy solves the weight selection problem successfully and achieves lower energy consumption.
Predicting Range of Initial Warfarin Dose Based on Pharmacometabolomic and Genetic Inputs
Authors: Huang Qing , Cao Ling , Luo Nan , Qian Hanyu , Wei Meng , Xue Ling , Zhou Qiang , Zou Bingjie , Tan Li , Chu Yanan , Ma Xueping , Wang Changtian , Wu Haiwei , Zhang Lei , Sun Lei , Li Demin , Fan Xialei , Miao Liyan , Zhou Guohua 
Published: August 2021

Anticoagulation response to warfarin during the initial stage of therapy varies among individuals. In this study, we aimed to combine pharmacometabolomic and pharmacogenetic data to predict interindividual variation in warfarin response, and, on this basis, suggest an initial daily dose range. The baseline metabolic profiles, genotypes, and clinical information of 160 patients with heart valve disease served as the variables of the function of the last international normalized ratio measured before a patient’s discharge (INRday7) to screen for potential biomarkers. The partial least‐squares model showed that two baseline metabolites (uridine and guanosine), one single‐nucleotide variation (VKORC1), and four clinical parameters (weight, creatinine level, amiodarone usage, and initial daily dose) had good predictive power for INRday7 (R2 = 0.753 for the training set, 0.643 for the test set). With these biomarkers, a machine learning algorithm (two‐dimensional linear discriminant analysis‐multinomial logit model) was used to predict the subgroups with extremely warfarin‐sensitive or less warfarin‐sensitive patients with a prediction accuracy of 91% for the training set and 90% for the test set, indicating that individual responses to warfarin could be effectively predicted. Based on this model, we have successfully designed an algorithm,“IniWarD,” for predicting an effective dose range in the initial 7‐day warfarin therapy. The results indicate that the daily dose range suggested by the IniWarD system is more appropriate than that of the conventional genotype‐based method, and the risk of bleeding or thrombus due to warfarin could thus be avoided.
Improving the foliar biofortification of broccoli with selenium without commercial quality losses
Authors: Muñoz Fernando Felipe , Stoffel María Micaela , Céccoli Gabriel , Trod Betiana Soledad , Daurelio Lucas Damian , Bouzo Carlos Alberto , Guevara María Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelenium‐biofortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) is an important source of micronutrients in a healthy human diet. Therefore, studies are needed on the commercial production of selenium‐enriched broccoli. We analyzed the effect of the foliar application of sodium selenate and sodium selenite in doses of 50 and 100 g ha−1 on the growth, photosynthetic parameters, selenium accumulation, and commercial quality of broccoli in two cultivars (‘Belstar’ and ‘Legend’) used for fresh crops market grown under field conditions. The application of both doses of selenate and the highest dose of selenite induced a significant increase in the head fresh weight (FW) only in cultivar Belstar. However, the dry matter content of the heads was not significantly affected by selenium or the cultivar of broccoli. In addition, the increase in the water use efficiency, mainly due to the reduction of the transpiration rate, could explain the significant increase in the head FW without modifying the head dry matter content in Belstar. On the other hand, selenium treatments before harvest maintained the green color and did not affect the firmness and diameter of the heads at harvest. The selenium content of the heads increased markedly in a dose‐dependent manner in both cultivars, with both selenium treatments. The results of this study indicate that the response to selenium treatments differs between broccoli cultivars and that the use of both selenium salts in foliar form would be a good strategy to obtain selenium‐enriched broccoli, without affecting the commercial quality of the heads.
Nutrient stream attenuation is altered by the duration and frequency of flow intermittency
Authors: Saltarelli Wesley Aparecido , Cunha Davi Gasparini Fernandes , Freixa Anna , Perujo Núria , López‐Doval Julio C. , Acuña Vicenç , Sabater Sergi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRiver flow intermittency affects physical and biological processes in lotic ecosystems, including nutrient attenuation and therefore water purification. We investigated the effect of river flow intermittency, including its duration and occurrence frequency, on the attenuation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (P‐PO43−). The net balances of each nutrient form were assessed in artificial streams colonized by biofilms and exposed to six treatments resulting from the combination of two flow intermittency durations (28 or 56 days) and three intermittency frequencies (one, two or four interruption episodes). The respective influences on the nutrient balances were assessed one and eight days after flow resumption, with negative or positive balances indicating net consumption or production, respectively. The P‐PO43− balances ranged from −50.3 to −15.7 μg P‐PO43− h−1 m−2, while for the components of DIN, they varied between −135.6 and −7.3 μg N‐NH4+ h−1 m−2 (ammonium), −1.4 and 4.2 μg N‐NO2− h−1 m−2 (nitrite) and −39.1 and 18.6 μg N‐NO3− h−1 m−2 (nitrate). In general, longer non‐flow durations impaired nutrient attenuation. Overall, while each nutrient form showed specific patterns, our experiment indicated that (1) nutrient attenuation usually decreased with longer non‐flow durations, (2) attenuation generally recovered after frequent events of water flow resumption and when rewetting was longer and (3) longer desiccation periods seemed to persistently affect the biogeochemical responses regardless the number of times flow returned to the system. Our results highlight that more severe conditions (causing dehydration of the substrates and inhibition of biofilm activity) might strongly affect the biogeochemical functioning of temporary streams, with important management implications under accelerating global changes.
Bimetal Organic Framework Derived Atomically Dispersed Mn and N Codoped Porous Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yang Yanan , Sun Chaoyong , Zhang Huabing , Ke Shaojie , Liu Haitao , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective non‐precious metal electrocatalysts (NPMCs) for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for the large‐scale application of metal‐air battery and fuel cell technologies. Herein, we present an effective Mn/Zn bimetal organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based strategy to synthesize an efficient manganese (Mn) and nitrogen (N) co‐doped porous carbon electrocatalyst with atomically dispersed N‐coordinated single Mn moieties (Mn‐Nx) for ORR catalysis. This strategy involves the adsorption of Mn ions into the Mn/Zn bimetal MOFs followed by the subsequent pyrolysis in Ar and then activation in NH3. Owing to the atomically dispersed Mn‐Nx sites, the large specific surface area and the high content of graphitic‐N, the resulting electrocatalyst shows a superior ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.885 V and an outstanding electrochemical durability in alkaline electrolyte outperforming commercial Pt/C, and it also exhibits a superior performance for an assembled primary Zn–air battery. This work offers a new prospect for the synthesis of MOFs‐derived highly efficient NPMCs for ORR.
New Paradigms in Porous Framework Materials for Acetylene Storage and Separation
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Ren Junyu , Kumar Sanjay , Ma Shengqian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcetylene is an important precursor in the petrochemical, plastics and electronic industries, as well as the prominent fuel for welding and metal cutting. The high flammability and explosive nature of acetylene, however hinder its safe storage and transportation. Porous materials are highly promising for acetylene storage and as they can provide strong binding interactions and an optimal pore environment. Furthermore, high selectivity and separation can be achieved for acetylene over other gases such as CO2and small hydrocarbons. In this review, we divulge into the recent advancements and paradigms in acetylene storage and separation with a focus on porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). An overview of the benchmark materials for acetylene storage and separation, along with some recent developments in the strategies to balance the trade‐off between the uptake capacity and selectivity is provided. The approaches of designing small pores and highly functionalized pore environments for strong binding with the acetylene adsorbate; along with the pore space partition, window space directed assembly and inverse CO2/C2H2adsorption for the separation of acetylene from CO2, CH4, C2H4and other hydrocarbons are reviewed to provide a summary and help further augment the research in this direction.
Whatisn'tsocial tolerance?The past, present, and possible future of an overused term in the field of primatology
Authors: DeTroy Sarah E. , Haun Daniel B. M. , van Leeuwen Edwin J. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past four decades, the termsocial tolerancehas been utilized to describe, explain, and predict many different aspects of primates' sociality and has been measured with a large range of traits and behaviors. To date, however, there has been little discussion on whether these different phenomena all reflect one and the same construct. This paper opens the discussion by presenting the historical development of the term social tolerance and a structured overview of its current, overextended use. We argue that social tolerance has developed to describe two distinct concepts: social tolerance as the social structure of a group and social tolerance as the dyadic or group‐level manifestation of tolerant behaviors. We highlight how these two concepts are based on conflicting theoretical understandings and practical assessments. In conclusion, we present suggestions for future research on primate social tolerance, which will allow for a more systematic and comparable investigation of primate sociality.
Cryptic TCF3 fusions in childhood leukemia: Detection by RNA sequencing
Authors: Salim Mustafa , Heldt Frederik , Thomay Kathrin , Lentes Jana , Behrens Yvonne Lisa , Kaune Beate , Möricke Anja , Cario Gunnar , Schieck Maximilian , Hofmann Winfried , Davenport Claudia , Steinemann Doris , Schrappe Martin , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Göhring Gudrun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy in childhood and adolescence. In more than 60% of cases of this heterogeneous disease, a genetic marker is identified via cytogenetic or molecular analyses. TCF3 gene fusions occur in 5%–11% of ALL patients. In < 1%, the TCF3 alteration in ALL leads to a TCF3‐HLF fusion gene. Even though this is a very rare event, the detection of a TCF3‐HLF fusion gene is associated with a very poor prognosis with incurable relapses in almost all patients. The frequent TCF3‐PBX1 fusion gene, which is detectable in 5%–10% of childhood B‐cell precursor ALLs and ~3.8% of adult B‐cell precursor ALLs, is associated with a rather good prognosis, that is, an observed event‐free 5‐year survival of approximately 85%. Thus, the distinction of the different partner genes fused to TCF3 is essential for risk assessment. To verify RNA sequencing as a tool for detection of known and unknown fusion genes, we screened 200 cases of pediatric B‐cell precursor ALL with “targeted” RNA sequencing in a pilot project in comparison to classical cytogenetic analyses (chromosome R‐banding analysis), fluorescence in situ hybridization, and PCR. We observed a TCF3 fusion gene in 6.5% (13/200) of the patients. Ten (5%) patients displayed a TCF3‐PBX1 fusion gene, two (1%) patients a TCF3‐FLI1 fusion gene, and one (0.5%) patient a TCF3‐HLF fusion gene. For the TCF3 fusions, we obtained discrepant results with the different methods, which are described in the article. Taken together, translocations leading to TCF3 fusion genes might appear cryptic and may remain undetected by a single method.
Musicianship and melodic predictability enhance neural gain in auditory cortex during pitch deviance detection
Authors: Quiroga‐Martinez David R. , Hansen Niels Christian , Højlund Andreas , Pearce Marcus , Brattico Elvira , Holmes Emma , Friston Karl , Vuust Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen listening to music, pitch deviations are more salient and elicit stronger prediction error responses when the melodic context is predictable and when the listener is a musician. Yet, the neuronal dynamics and changes in connectivity underlying such effects remain unclear. Here, we employed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate whether the magnetic mismatch negativity response (MMNm)—and its modulation by context predictability and musical expertise—are associated with enhanced neural gain of auditory areas, as a plausible mechanism for encoding precision‐weighted prediction errors. Using Bayesian model comparison, we asked whether models with intrinsic connections within primary auditory cortex (A1) and superior temporal gyrus (STG)—typically related to gain control—or extrinsic connections between A1 and STG—typically related to propagation of prediction and error signals—better explained magnetoencephalography responses. We found that, compared to regular sounds, out‐of‐tune pitch deviations were associated with lower intrinsic (inhibitory) connectivity in A1 and STG, and lower backward (inhibitory) connectivity from STG to A1, consistent with disinhibition and enhanced neural gain in these auditory areas. More predictable melodies were associated with disinhibition in right A1, while musicianship was associated with disinhibition in left A1 and reduced connectivity from STG to left A1. These results indicate that musicianship and melodic predictability, as well as pitch deviations themselves, enhance neural gain in auditory cortex during deviance detection. Our findings are consistent with predictive processing theories suggesting that precise and informative error signals are selected by the brain for subsequent hierarchical processing.
Knowledge and perceptions around self‐management of type 2 diabetes among a Sudanese community in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Roth Phoebe , Tang Clarice Y. , Rumbold Bruce , Gupta Sabrina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssue addressedPeople from Sudanese background are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the general population. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of migrants from Sudan to Australia. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the perceptions and experiences of self‐management strategies for diabetes among this migrant Sudanese population residing in Australia. This study aims to explore these experiences and perceptions as well as to identify cultural aspects related to T2D self‐management strategies for people from this migrant group.MethodsA qualitative study using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with Sudanese participants (n = 12) living with T2D was conducted in Melbourne, Australia.ResultsThe thematic analysis found barriers to self‐management of diabetes to include language differences, the burden of self‐management, difficulties in accommodating traditional dietary practices in self‐management, as well as the expectations of familial and social obligations. Enablers included positive relationships with health professionals, support networks, involvement in religion and adopting traditional remedies.ConclusionsThis study found cultural considerations, such as incorporating traditional dietary practices and familial obligations into self‐management, to be the most significant influence for this group of Sudanese participants in the way they managed their diabetes.So whatThis study highlights the need for culturally appropriate provision of health services and resources for Sudanese people with T2D while recognising the value placed on traditional food choices. Importantly, the collectivist Sudanese culture must be considered for any future development and implementation of health promotion strategies.
Performance of DNA methylation‐based biomarkers in the cervical cancer screening program of northern Portugal: A feasibility study
Authors: Salta Sofia , Maia‐Moço Leonardo , Estevão‐Pereira Helena , Sequeira José Pedro , Vieira Renata , Bartosch Carla , Petronilho Sara , Monteiro Paula , Sousa Ana , Baldaque Inês , Rodrigues Jéssica , Sousa Hugo , Tavares Fernando , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCervical cancer remains a health concern. Effective screening programs are critical to reduce the incidence and mortality. High‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) testing as primary screening tool discloses high sensitivity but suboptimal specificity. Adequate triage tests to reduce unnecessary colposcopy referrals and overdiagnosis/overtreatment are crucial. Hence, we aimed to validate a panel of DNA methylation‐based markers as triage test for women hr‐HPV+ in the population‐based Regional Cervical Cancer Screening Program of Northern Portugal. Firstly, CADM1, MAL, FAM19A4 and hsa‐miR124‐2 promoter methylation levels were assessed by multiplex QMSP in a testing set of 402 FFPE tissue samples (159 normal samples and 243 cervical lesions, including 39 low‐grade intraepithelial squamous lesions [LSIL], 59 high‐grade intraepithelial squamous lesions [HSIL] and 145 cancerous lesions). Then, preliminary validation was performed in 125 hr‐HPV+ cervical scrapes (including 59 normal samples, 30 LSIL, 34 HSIL and 2 cancerous lesions). Higher MALme, FAM19A4me and hsa‐miR124‐2me methylation levels were disclosed in histological HSIL or worse (HSIL+) in testing set. Individually, markers depicted over 86% specificity for HSIL+ detection. In validation set, all these genes significantly differed between histological HSIL+ and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or less. In combination, these markers reached 74% specificity and 61% sensitivity for identification of histological HSIL+. We concluded that host gene methylation might constitute a useful referral triage tool of hr‐HPV+ women enrolled in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program of Northern Portugal.
Metabolic checkpoints and novel approaches for immunotherapy against cancer
Authors: Li Yiming , Tang Juan , Jiang Jianli , Chen Zhinan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile immunotherapy has achieved unprecedented success in conquering cancer, the majority of patients develop primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy, largely in part due to the complicated metabolic networks in the tumor microenvironment. The microenvironmental metabolic networks are woven by a set of metabolic checkpoints, and accumulating evidence indicates that these metabolic checkpoints orchestrate antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Metabolic checkpoints can regulate T cell development, differentiation and function, orchestrate metabolic competition between tumor cells and infiltrating T cells, and respond to the metabolic stress imposed on the infiltrating T cells. Furthermore, metabolic checkpoints and pathways can modulate the expression profiles of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands and vice versa. Therefore, repurposing interventions targeting metabolic checkpoints might synergize with immunotherapy, and promising approaches to reprogram the metabolic environment are much more warranted. In this review, we summarize recent researches on the metabolic checkpoints and discuss how these metabolic checkpoints regulate antitumor immunity and the promising approaches to modulate these metabolic checkpoints in the combination therapy. A comprehensive and objective understanding of the metabolic checkpoints might help the research and development of novel approaches to antitumor immunotherapy.