bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On “Contemporaneity” in Ballet and Contemporary Dance
Authors: Järvinen Hanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Danced histories are not linear but circular, as dancing bodies return and reinterpret past dances. Theorizing the import of contemporaneity as an evaluative notion, this chapter examines a practice-based research collaboration—the reimagining of Vaslav Nijinsky’s ballet Jeux (1913) in a contemporary dance production that premiered in 2016. Such performed returns to the past of dance are never unmarked or neutral but involve evaluation of what in the past is worthy or significant enough – that is, canonical – to be referenced and restaged, how, and by whom. Examining the different relationship of past and present in the practices of reconstruction, re-enactment, or reimagining past dances, the chapter examines how performances reinforce, repeat, or potentially question canons and power relations inherent in the institution of art. Might attention to how presentness itself shifts in time draw attention to not-knowing, to the heterogeneity of and limits to our kinesthetic imaginations?
Feminist Practices in Ballet
Authors: Alterowitz Gretchen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite efforts toward diversity and inclusivity, twenty-first-century ballet continues to invest in narrowly defined aesthetics and traditional systems of knowing. Many critical examinations of ballet have come through the lens of feminist theories, which are useful for revealing the power structures undergirding an art form that highlights gender distinctions in both training and performance. Because feminist theories have been so crucial in revealing ways in which the ballet system works, it is worth exploring how feminist practices might be used to enact systemic change. This chapter shifts the focus from how ballet acts as a representational system to what a feminist ballet practice might do, concentrating on Katy Pyle, artistic director of the queer ballet company Ballez, who reimagines ballet through collaborative, community-minded, and antihierarchical approaches.
Cathy Marston
Authors: Norris Deborah Kate 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
British choreographer Cathy Marston has sustained a choreographic career for more than three decades. Her work crosses European ballet cultures and extends from her classical training into a current contemporary ballet context. Focusing on Marston’s narrative works, this chapter demonstrates her position as a translator of literary texts, specifically Charlotte Brönte’s Jane Eyre. Through a dual-layered exploration of her choreographic process, the chapter offers an examination of her use of European theater practices and design strategies, including regietheater, suggesting her liminal positioning between Continental and British stylistic traits. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the collaborative construction methods used by Marston through a descriptive analysis of the development of Jane Eyre, a ballet created for Northern Ballet (Leeds) in 2016.
Alonzo King LINES Ballet
Authors: Nunes Jensen Jill 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
San Francisco–based choreographer Alonzo King has long been a visionary in the formation of contemporary ballet in the United States. Supported by his classically trained company, colloquially known as LINES, King makes ballets that are anything but. This chapter uses his 2015 ballet, The Propelled Heart, which featured dancers in communication with singer Lisa Fischer, as a case study to suggest new positions for agency among performers. In so doing, “lines” of interaction, boundary, hegemony, relationship, race, and technique are challenged, and ballet and its dancers are given a “voice.” King implores his dancers to express vulnerability, disrupt ballet’s histories, and ultimately reimagine the form. Organizationally similar to modern dance companies, in that there are no ranks of ascension and an emphasis on creation, Alonzo King LINES Ballet frequently works collaboratively to present ballets that centralize the process of connecting to subject, self, and community. This chapter takes the interactions offered in The Propelled Heart as indicative of King’s choreographic philosophy that ballets are thought structures and therefore ultimately engendered to communicate.
Living in Counterpoint
Authors: Zuniga Shaw Norah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a deep description of William Forsythe’s One Flat Thing, reproduced and the choreographic structures and dramaturgy used to create it. The dance is presented as an example of physical thinking that can be taken up by readers as (1) a portal into understanding William Forsythe’s creative process and body of work; (2) a generative collection of compositional structures useful in composing new work in contemporary ballet and other fields; and (3) a resource for recognizing pattern amid complexity and thriving in the uncertainty and entanglement of contemporary life. The chapter builds on collaborative research with Forsythe and weaves together selections from interviews and texts originally published in interactive media interfaces and other resources not previously available to a general readership.
John Cranko’s Stuttgart Ballet
Authors: Mathis-Masury E. Hollister 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The legacy of John Cranko’s Stuttgart Ballet includes his ballets and his underlying philosophy of “experiential intersubjectivity”—a collaborative creative process based on observation of individual experience. Working closely with his colleagues (dancers, composers, designers, etc.), Cranko sought their spontaneous expression to his cue or their solution to the challenges of creating. His choreographic philosophy led away from the traditionally exclusive, hierarchical work style of the ballet world and toward a work style producing individuality and originality. Successfully integrating the divergent ideas and instinctive expressivity of many separate individuals into his ballets, Cranko did more than enable an individualized viewer experience, accessible to a diversified audience. Importantly, Cranko also empowered his colleagues with his democratic and collaborative way of creating ballets in Stuttgart, ultimately forming such choreographers as Jiří Kylián, John Neumeier, and William Forsythe. This chapter looks at what shaped Cranko’s Stuttgart Ballet, the choreographic oeuvre, and the legacy today.
Ballet Austin
Authors: Clark Caroline Sutton 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
From 2006 to 2014, the professional US company Ballet Austin hosted an ambitious biennial competition, New American Talent/Dance, as an experimental platform to support “emerging” choreographers. However, after five seasons of this competition and despite self-reported success in meeting project goals to provide new learning experiences for participating choreographers, dancers, and audiences, Ballet Austin suspended the event. The reasons behind this decision, along with the insights gained through the process of producing these shows, reveal dimensions of US contemporary ballet in practice. This chapter illuminates how ballet pedagogy often fails the needs of contemporary ballet artists in the education of both future choreographers and the dancers who work with them, impacting not only the lives and careers of these artists but also, more generally, field aesthetics and development. The research further describes how audiences judged emerging choreographers, an analysis that may inform future lines of inquiry with regard to contemporary ballet and the sustainability of the field in the United States.
Intergenerational Justice
Authors: Mbonda Ernest-Marie , Ngosso Thierry 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The issue of intergenerational justice raises questions that are undoubtedly common to all human cultures and that are taking on increasing importance in contemporary ethics. This chapter presents an African perspective on current questions of intergenerational justice. It analyzes the answers, taken from the African ethnological and philosophical literature as well as from data obtained from a relatively recent survey carried out in Cameroon, on the questions concerning the concept of generation, the generations involved (near or distant generations, previous or future generations), the nature and size of the things to be guaranteed for other generations, and the justifications of the intergenerational duties.
Buen Vivir
Authors: Vidiella Graciela , García Valverde Facundo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The concept of buen vivir (“good living”) has become an emergent discourse of resistance for social, ecological, and indigenous movements in Latin America, especially in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Due to the rebirth of theories of decolonization and its political impact against extractive practices, buen vivir has attracted attention both from academic and from political domains. Although there are different and conflicting conceptions of buen vivir, three common theses can be identified: the rejection of an anthropocentric moral ontology, the abandonment of an idea of a linear progress toward welfare through economic growth, and the defense of complementary and reciprocal relations between humans and the rest of nature. This chapter critically analyzes the contributions and challenges that this radical platform can make to three paradigmatic problems in the intergenerational literature: the non-identity problem, the epistemological problem of the uncertainty of future needs, and the tyranny of the contemporaries. The authors argue that a moderate and environmentalist version is the fittest conception of buen vivir to provide public and legitimate reasons for those intergenerational justice issues and, at the same time, a richer non-resourcist metric to assess them.
The Intergenerational Value of Natural Heritage
Authors: Kallhoff Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Even though the concept of natural heritage is well received, its meaning is usually restricted to extraordinary natural sites. This contribution argues that a broader understanding is necessary in order to fully acknowledge the intergenerational value of natural heritage. By drawing on recent insights in plant ethics, three facets of the normative meaning of the concept of natural heritage can be highlighted: It expresses the value of natural sites as part of human civilization, it lays emphasis on the uniqueness of distinct parts of nature, and it expresses the willingness of present generations to present nature as a gift to future generations in order not to restrict their ways to shape nature. In particular, the value of natural heritage is constituted by a communal experience of nature and the willingness to share that experience with upcoming generations.
Nuclear Deterrence—Another Perfect Storm
Authors: Rendall Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter applies Stephen M. Gardiner’s model of the perfect moral storm to nuclear deterrence. Most damage from a major nuclear war would fall on third parties rather than the belligerents. Some would be present-day people in neutral countries and nonhuman animals, but future generations would be the largest group of victims. This makes ongoing reliance on large nuclear arsenals ethically indefensible. It presents many of the same problems, however, as global heating. One is that future damages are not salient to present-day publics and politicians. Another is that nuclear weapons reduce the probability of major war while greatly increasing the damage if it occurs. This affects the intergenerational distribution of costs and benefits. Nuclear deterrence is a ‘front-loaded’ good: its benefits arrive right away, whereas its costs will most likely arrive only in the future. Nuclear war is inevitable if states rely on it in perpetuity, but for a given generation, the likelihood may be small. “Business-as-usual” may thus be a good self-interested gamble for each generation until nuclear war actually occurs. Not surprisingly, it finds many defenders. The last part of the chapter considers possible solutions.
The Interactions of Administrative Justice and Constitutionalism
Authors: Huq Aziz Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyses the interactions of administrative justice and constitutionalism. The domain that lies at the crossings of these terms, however, is a vast and varied one. The chapter first identifies four dynamics that can arise. Constitutionalism, it shows, can be brought to bear on administrative justice as a critique in a number of ways. Alternatively, the two can also be seen as complementary values. As a way of exploring these possibilities, the chapter then develops a series of case studies from the American context. Consideration of the latter suggest that in addition to the normative questions raised by the conjuncture of administrative justice and constitutionalism, positive, political economy questions also merit close attention.
Hiring and Learning Strategies in Prosecution Services
Authors: Wandall Rasmus H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chapter provides a comparative overview of current hiring and learning strategies in prosecution services. It draws on empirical examples from all parts of the world. Specifically, the chapter compares the hiring of chief prosecutors and frontline prosecutors, it compares how learning is organized and carried out, and it describes and discusses the most significant individual methods of learning currently applied by prosecution services. The comparison shows some level of convergence of techniques and strategies. However, prosecution services continue to vary significantly in how they organize and carry out hiring and in how prosecutors learn. To some degree these variations reflect different levels of professionalization and legal accountability, but they also reflect the markedly different ideals, roles, and functions that drive prosecution services in different societies and legal cultures. These differences make for very different conditions under which new and better ways of hiring and learning can be implemented with a view to ensure qualified and legitimate prosecution services.
Specialized Units and Vertical Prosecution Approaches
Authors: Spohn Cassia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Legal scholars and social scientists maintain that there are several advantages to processing certain types of cases—for example, sexual assault, domestic violence, and crimes involving career criminals or gang members—using vertical prosecution and a specialized prosecution unit. This chapter discusses the logic of vertical prosecution and assignment of cases to specialized units. The chapter also summarizes the findings of research on the effectiveness of specialized units for handling sexual assault cases, domestic violence cases, and gang-related homicide, noting that the research conducted to date reveals that there are very few differences in the outcomes of cases prosecuted by attorneys assigned to specialized units and those prosecuted by attorneys not assigned to specialized units. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential explanations for this lack of impact and with a call for additional research on these interrelated approaches to prosecution.
Disclosure, Security, Technology
Authors: Brown Darryl K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Criminal disclosure rules in all common law jurisdictions are organized around the same sets of conflicting aims. Pre-trial evidence disclosure is essential to fair and accurate adjudication. Yet certain types of information, such as identities of undercover operatives and ongoing law enforcement surveillance, must be kept confidential. Beyond these tensions, disclosure practices face new challenges arising primarily from evolving technology and investigative tactics. This chapter describes divergent approaches across common law jurisdictions—especially among U.S. states—to these challenges and offers explanations for their differences. It also sketches the technology-based challenges that discovery schemes face and offers options, or tentative predictions about their resolution. Differences often turn on who decides whether to withhold information from the defense—judges or prosecutors—and when certain information must be disclosed. Broader disclosure regimes tend to put greater trust in judicial capacity to dictate or at least review hard questions about the costs, benefits, and timing of disclosure; narrower systems leave more power in prosecutors’ hands. Technology has multiplied challenges for disclosure policy by vastly increasing evidence-gathering tactics and thus the nature and volume of information. Disclosure rules adapted fairly easily to the rise much forensic lab analysis. But fast-growing forms of digital evidence is more problematic. Defendants may lack the time to examine volumes of video and technical resources to analyze other data; sometimes prosecutors do as well. The chapter identifies some possible solutions emerging through technology and law reform, as well as trend toward greater judicial management of pre-trial disclosure.
Transnational Law: Theories and Applications
Authors: Zumbansen Peer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Oxford Handbook of Transnational Law. Transnational law is at the center of lively discussions ranging from pronouncing the death of law to announcing the renewal of law. With stakes that high, the expectations for this field are potentially overwhelming. It is still unsettled what transnational law is. It was introduced to a wide audience of international lawyers in the 1950s, but is it a “new” legal field, or a particular kind of jurisprudence of “law and globalization,” or a sociolegal approach to law’s transformation in and beyond the state in the twenty-first century, or merely a synonym for legal pluralism, that is, an acknowledgment of the co-existence of law and (social, cultural, economic, religious, and other) norms? Finally, what is transnational law’s relation to the nation-state? While some suggest it marks the “end” of the nation-state, the better arguments suggest it remains closely intertwined with the state’s trials and tribulations. The chapter reviews contributions to these discussions but cannot account for the entire wealth and depth which is transnational law today. Instead, the chapter highlights some of the debates around the facets of transnational law and sketches a number of methodological reflections about the field. The contributing authors to this Handbook offer formidable insights into the complex details of law’s transnationalization in a wide range of key areas of the law and contextualize these developments against the background of the important normative discussions around the future of law in a globalized world.
Transnational Refugee Law
Authors: Juss Satvinder S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees 1951 was born on the ashes of the Holocaust. Asylum law’s function has been to protect unfortunates from specifically political harms. The grant of asylum has in turn reflected a judgment that the state of origin had abused its authority. Asylum was in this way connected to tactics for reforming or challenging abusive regimes. Yet, after the Cold War, asylum law was increasingly questioned as “Eurocentric.” It made refugee law incomplete and politically partisan. The requirement of persecution rendered it obsolete. There was a futility in trying to define a refugee by a particular motivation for departure, which had no historical precedent and proved unworkable in many situations. Alternative conceptions of the refugee had to be sought by the states themselves as other “norm entrepreneurs” in “norm setting” with a consequent dispersal of authority away from the United Nations. This chapter examines the fragmentary nature of international refugee law today. It argues for a formal recognition of a body of “Transnational Refugee Law” (TRL) in the absence of a world legislative authority for norm-setting, as well as a world court for the interpretation of refugee law. Who makes the “norms” and who are the “actors” making them, is a question rarely addressed in mainstream works of refugee law.
Law and Development
Authors: Perry-Kessaris Amanda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that a transnational (as opposed to state-centric) perspective on legal development is essential (conceptually, empirically, and normatively) both for practitioners and for those who seek to understand and critique them; that it is best conceptualized with sociological imagination; and that it opens the door to the rehabilitation of the field of legal development into a more nimble and productive space for empirically informed experimentation.
Transnational Contract Law
Authors: Eller Klaas Hendrik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Contract is a central trope of transnational ordering. In the shadow of the various attempts to harmonize contract law at the transnational level (such as through UNIDROIT), the very institution of contract already forms the backbone of transnational interaction. Yet, as this chapter outlines, contract theory is for the most part ill-prepared to capture the constitutive role of contracts in the regulation and critique of transnational social institutions, such as global value chains or digital platforms. In such scenarios, beyond being geared toward efficiency between parties, contracts embody a plurality of rationalities and interests and form a discursive space. Albeit often in a fragile way, contracts emerge as equivalents of political institutions inasmuch as the state legal order no longer provides substantial background justice. The chapter surveys how realist and critical traditions in contract theory, in both their US and European variants, are presently being recalibrated to properly reconstruct transnational social conflicts.
Architects, Landscapers, and Gardeners in the Transnational Futures of International Labor Law
Authors: Blackett Adelle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
International labor law was a paradigmatic field for public international law. This chapter chronicles the ambivalent move to embrace a less hierarchical and traditional understanding of legal ordering in transnational labor law. Evoking research on normative thickening through metaphorical recourse to the architect, landscaper, and gardener, this chapter challenges the starting assumption of order, calls for a long historical view that unbundles labor law from a narrow industrialization-centered narrative, and turns attention to the ways in which the labor law landscape can be held in motion. Underscoring the ways that labor sharpens understandings of transnational law, this chapter reads transnational solidarity and emancipation into a methodological account of transnational law.
Transnational Art Law—Maps and Itineraries
Authors: Kanwar Vik , Neupaney Jaya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter asks how best to frame a field of study called “transnational art law” (TAL). If art law encompasses all legal aspects of the production, distribution, and transaction of art, as well as any other rights and obligations governing art world actors and works of art, then transnational art law is the framework of legal knowledge necessary to understand these relationships and transactions across borders. Following the Transnational Law framework proposed by Philip Jessup in 1956, TAL would not be restricted to public or private, national or international, substantive or procedural law, but intervene in problem spaces involving all of these. It would capture the transnational actors, norms, and processes, the formal and informal interactions that constitute the art world. This chapter sketches TAL in its possible doctrinal, policy, regulatory, and advocacy dimensions, and suggests some openings for interdisciplinary study in particular.