bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Pump for Retinal Detachment With Macular Hole
Authors: Takenaka Chiaki , Nakatake Junji , Ideta Hidenao , Shinagawa Kouichi , Watanabe Ken , Demizu Seiji 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
From 1984 to 1992, 128 eyes with substantial retinal detachment due to macular hole underwent vitrectomy at the ldeta Eye Hospital. In the first 76 eyes treated, air was injected by syringe after removal of the vitreous (group A); in the subsequent 52 eyes, air was injected by a pump while subretinal fluid was aspirated through the macular hole (group B). The rates of retinal reattachment after the first surgery were 63.2% in group A and 82.7% in group B (P<.05). Thus, using the air pump was more effective than air injection.
Chemosis Following Blepharoplasty: An Unusual Complication
Authors: Levine Mark R , Davies Rodger , Ross Joseph 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We observed four cases of chemosis associated with otherwise uneventful four-lid blepharoplasty. These patients experienced postoperative conjunctiva! chemosis (without associated globe injection), varied types of congestion, subconjunctival hemorrhage, retrobulbar hematoma, or corneal involvement. Postoperatively, the patients were treated with some combination of patching, topical and/or systemic steroids, decongestant eye drops, and observation. Regardless of the treatment, the chemosis resolved by 5 months, without permanent complication. Probable causes were blockage of orbital or eyelid lymphatics and excessive cautery during surgery.
Respiratory Arrest After 0.75% Bupivacaine Retrobulbar Block
Authors: Castillo Alfredo , Lopez-Abad Consuelo , Macias Juana M , Diaz David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Respiratory arrest is an uncommon complication of retrobulbar anesthesia. We present a case in which it occurred following a 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine retrobulbar block and analyze the possible causes. We conclude that the most important of these were the relatively high concentration and volume of the anesthetic and a faulty technique.
Trabecular Aspiration: Clinical Results of a New Surgical Approach to Improve Trabecular Facility in Glaucoma Capsulare
Authors: Jacobi Philipp C , Krieglstein Günter K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe main reason for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma capsulare is secondary plugging of the intertrabecular spaces by pigment and fibrillous material. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of "trabecular aspiration," a new surgical technique designed to improve trabecular facility in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG).Trabecular aspiration was performed under the operating microscope prior to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) over half of the chamber-angle circumference using a specially designed irrigationaspiration device in 12 eyes diagnosed with PEG and cataract. Trabecular debris and pigment were cleared with a suction force of 100 to 200 mm Hg.The mean preoperative IOP (with and without antiglaucoma medications) was 33.0 ± 6.27 mm Hg; on postoperative day 5, 16.25 ± 4.5 mm Hg; at 1 month, 18.1 ± 2.68 mm Hg; at 3 months, 18.33 ± 2.69 mm Hg; and at 6 months, 19.0 ± 6.26 mm Hg. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications per day decreased from 3.77 preoperatively to 0.67 at 6 months postoperatively.Trabecular aspiration substantially lowered the IOP in all 12 patients. Removal of intertrabecular and pretrabecular debris prior to ECCE reduced IOP 42% from baseline at 6 months postoperatively, a clinically significant decrease. Additionally, routine preoperative and postoperative gonioscopy in most cases revealed a significant reduction of pigmentation in the area of treatment. More patients and longer follow up are required to substantiate these results.
Diode and Nd:YAG Laser Contact Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation in a Human Eye: A Comparative Histopathologic Study of the Lesions Produced Using a New Fiber Optic Probe
Authors: Brancato Rosario , Trabucchi Giuseppe , Verdi Mariangela , Carassa Roberto Giuseppe , Gobbi Pier Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the contact cyclodestructive effects (both gross and histologic) achieved with diode and Nd:YAG laser wavelengths (810 and 1064 nm, respectively), using equivalent energy doses, released by means of a new optical delivery system in a human eye that was soon to be enucleated because of a choroidal melanoma. For both lasers, a fiber optic system (400 µm) with a focusing microlens placed at the end of the fiber was used. The center of the beam was placed 1.5 mm from the corneoscleral limbus.
At medium (5.2 to 6.6 J) and higher (7.8 J) energy levels, the cyclodestructive thermal damage produced by the diode laser appeared more widespread than that created by the Nd:YAG laser. At lower levels (3.6 to 3.9 J), both laser treatments produced similar lesions. The new delivery system proved to be safe and effective in achieving the desired cyclodestructive effects at both wavelengths.
Results of Trabeculectomy Combined With Phacoemulsification Versus Trabeculectomy Combined With Extracapsular Cataract Extraction in Patients With Advanced Glaucoma
Authors: Stewart William C , Crinkley Crystal M C , Carlson Alan N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the results of trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsffication (n = 16) with those of trabeculectomy combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (n = 18). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of early or chronic postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) control or in terms of the number of glaucoma medications prescribed postoperatively. However, by 12 weeks postoperatively, bleb height and extent were significantly greater in the phacoemulsification group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postoperative spheroequivalent, astigmatism, or cylindrical axis. The mean final visual acuity, however, was less in the extracapsular group. We conclude that phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy offers a safe and effective technique to control postoperative IOP in patients with glaucoma.
The Blepharoplasty Rotational Flap
Authors: Weinstein Gary S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients with large benign upper eyelid lesions and dermatochalasis are optimally treated with excision of their lesions and a blepharoplasty. I have devised a myocutaneous flap to reconstruct defects created by excising upper eyelid lesions peripheral to the blepharoplasty incision lines. The flap is created from skin and muscle that would normally be excised during the blepharoplasty. This technique results in a welldefined upper eyelid crease, without eyelid retraction or epicanthal fold formation.
Retinal Detachment in Patients With Retained Lens Fragments or Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Smiddy William E , Flynn Harry W , Kim Judy E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Retinal detachment is a complication of dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and management of coexisting or subsequent retinal detachment in patients with retained lens fragments or dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive series of patients undergoing vitrectomy for dislocated PC IOLs (99 eyes) or removal of retained lens material (80 eyes) were studied.
* RESULTS: Eyes with retinal detachment and retained lens fragments (2 cases) or dislocated PC IOLs (2 cases), or retinal detachment following vitrectomy for removal of retained lens fragments (2 cases) or repair of dislocated IOL (1 case) were identified. The prevalence of coexisting or postoperative retinal detachment and retained lens fragments (5% total) was slightly higher than the prevalence of coexisting or postoperative retinal detachment and dislocated PC IOLs (3% total). The retina was reattached in all cases using the standard scierai buckling and vitrectomy techniques.
* CONCLUSION: The rate of retinal detachment associated with retained lens material is decreased compared with previous reports. This may possibly be a result of increasing attention to minimizing surgical trauma by the cataract surgeon at the time of lens fragment loss and by the vitrectomy surgeon during primary repair.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:856-861.]
Repair of a Giant Scleral Ulcer With Preserved Sclera and Tissue Adhesive
Authors: Lin Chang Ping , Tsai Ming Chi , Wu Yuh Hsin , Shih Min Hsiu 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Infectious scleral ulcer is a rare but severe late complication of pterygium surgery. Scleral grafts may be required in scleral ectasia with uveal exposure, corneal distortion, and severe anterior chamber reaction that are induced by scleral ulcer. The authors report a method for scleral grafting with preserved sclera and tissue adhesive.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six cases of infectious scleral ulcers were repaired with this method. Preserved sclera was attached to the thinning sclera with tissue adhesive without sutures. The free or rotation conjunctival flap was placed over the graft area and sutured with 10-0 nylon.
RESULTS: The six cases repaired by this method showed good results during the follow-up, except for one loss. The only complication was protrusion of the adhesive postoperatively. This protrusion can be easily removed with forceps on an outpatient basis.
CONCLUSION: Tissue adhesive with preserved sclera is a useful method for repair of scleral thinning.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:995-999.]
In Vivo Evaluation of Corneal Endothelial Function Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Saini Jagjit S , Mittal Sangeet 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To quantify corneal endothelial function measured in vivo following extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Endothelial function was assessed in 18 patients using recovery of the corneal hydration rate following induced cornea swelling before and after ECCE and PC IOL implantation.
RESULTS: The mean percentage recovery per hour (PRPH) showed a significant decrease at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery compared with before surgery (P < .01). A decrease in PRPH of more than 5% was observed in 55.6% and 66.7% of the eyes at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: PRPH measured in vivo demonstrates decreased endothelial function following ECCE and PC IOL implantation. The PRPH measures even slight changes in endothelial function and could be useful in evaluating endothelial damage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1000-1004.]
Atropine Versus Cyclopentolate Plus Tropicamide in Esodeviations
Authors: Goldstein Joseph H , Schneekloth Barbara B 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The correction of the total hypermetropic refractive error in the management of esodeviations is well accepted. The choice of the appropriate cycloplegic agent is still not settled. Despite evidence that atropine will more effectively uncover the total refractive error, cyclopentolate in combination with other cycloplegic agents continues to be recommended. This study evaluates the use of atropine compared with a combination of cyclopentolate and tropicamide and analyzes age, size of the refractive error, and size of the esodeviation as possible contributing variables in the response.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 74 patients who underwent refraction with atropine 1% on one occasion and a combination of 1% cyclopentolate and 1% tropicamide on another occasion were reviewed. The mean and range of refractive errors for each eye for each group were determined. Comparisons were made for groups depending on age, size of the refractive error, and size of the esodeviâtion.
RESULTS: The amount of hypermetropia determined with atropine was significantly higher than the amount determined with the combination of cyclopentolate and tropicamide. This difference was significant for three age groups of three groups with increasing amounts of hypermetropia, and two groups with differing amounts of esodeviations. In addition, 1 1% of right eyes and 19% of left eyes showed 1.25 D or more of hypermetropia wich atropine.
CONCLUSION: Refraction with 1% atropine ointment yields a significantly larger amount of hypermetropia than does refraction with a combination of cyclopentolate and tropicamide. This difference is statistically significant regardless of age, amount of hypermetropia, or size of the esotropia.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1030-1034.]
Treatment Outcomes in a 10-Year Study of Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis
Authors: Essman Thomas F , Flynn Harry W , Smiddy William E , Brod Roy D , Murray Timothy G , Davis Janet L , Rubsamen Patrick E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To review prevalence of organisms, associated factors, and treatment outcomes from one medical center's 10-year experience managing culture-proven endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the microbiology and corresponding clinical records of patients diagnosed as having culture-proven EFE at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute during a 10-year period.
* RESULTS: Culture-proven EFE occurred in 20 eyes of 1 8 patients. Candida species occurred in 1 7 of 20 eyes (85%), and Aspergillus species occurred in 3 of 20 eyes (15%). The most common association was long-term intravenous line placement, which was present in 12 patients (67%). Whereas 12 patients (67%) had a history of recent hospitalization, only 2 (11%) had a documented history of systemic fungal infection. After initial examination, only 2 patients had a systemic culture positive for a fungal organism (none had a positive blood culture). Treatment after initial examination included pars plana vitrectomy in 17 of the 20 eyes (85%), intravitreal amphotericin B in 19 eyes (95%), and systemic antifungal medication in 16 eyes of 15 patients. Thirteen of the 17 eyes (76%) with Candida endophthalmitis and O of 3 eyes with Aspergillus endophthalmitis achieved visual acuity of 20/400 or better.
* CONCLUSION: The most common cause of culture-proven EFE at the authors' institution is Candida species. The overall visual outcomes were more favorable for Candida cases than they were for Aspergillus cases. In the treatment of patients with marked vitreous infiltrates from EFE, pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal amphotericin B injection, and administration of appropriate systemic antifungal medication (fluconazole for Candida) are generally recommended.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:185-194.]
Microbial Keratitis Resulting in Loss of the Eye
Authors: Cruz Cristian Santa , Cohen Elisabeth J , Rapuano Christopher J , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of infected corneal ulcers resulting in loss of the eye.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed.

* RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the patients with corneal ulcers admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial keratitis. The median age of the patients was 67 years (± 20.1 years). A majority of the patients (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting ocular disease resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (± 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 mm
p 2
(± 38.7 mm2). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). Patients required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled infection.

* CONCLUSIONS: Microbial keratitis resulting in loss of the eye occurred typically in patients who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe infections due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:803-807.]
Response of Intraocular Pressure to Retrobulbar and Peribulbar Anesthesia
Authors: Sanford D Keith , de Cal Oscar E Minoso , Belyea David A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of intraocular pressure (IOP) to retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were prospectively masked and randomized to receive either 4 cc of retrobulbar anesthesia (X = 29) or 6 cc of peribulbar anesthesia (X = 30), each consisting of a 50:50 mixture of 2% Xylocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine with 150 units of hyaluronidase. IOPs were measured pre-anesthesia and 1, 2, and 5 minutes postanesthesia in nonglaucoma patients undergoing cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.
* RESULTS: Mean IOPs in the retrobulbar group as determined with a tonometer were 18.24, 18.66, 19.14, and 17.86 mm Hg pre-anesthesia and 1, 2, and 5 minutes post-anesthesia, respectively. In the peribulbar group, the mean IOPs were 18.53, 21.20, 20.40, and 19.20 mm Hg, respectively. The 1 -minute pressures in the two groups were statistically different (P= .023). Within the peribulbar group, the 1- and 2minute pressures were statistically different from the pre-anesthesia IOP (P = .001 and P = .018, respectively).
* CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia, with its higher volume of anesthetic (6 vs 4 cc), results in a higher initial IOP. This difference was slight and short lived, and occurred in the absence of any external ocular compression. This study may have application in avoiding elevation of IOP in select patients undergoing a local procedure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:815-817.]
Photodynamic Therapy for Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Primbs George B , Casey Richard , Wamser Kay , Snyder Wendy J , Crean David H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy with tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) was evaluated as a treatment modality for rat corneal neovascularization .
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Escalating light doses at 664 nm were applied focally to corneal neovascularization in rats 1 0 minutes following an intravenous injection of SnET2 using a low-power diode laser. Controls consisted of light-only and drug-only treatments. Clinical, angiographic, and histopathologic evaluations were performed on the animals up to 28 days after drug and/or light treatment.
* RESULTS: A drug and light dose- response was seen in producing neovessel closure. In animals treated with SnET2 and the highest light dose (25 J/cm2), all eyes showed occlusion at every follow-up evaluation up to 28 days. Control eyes demonstrated progressive disease at all time points.
* CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy appears to be safe and effective for eliciting prolonged (> 28 days) occlusion of corneal neovascularization in the rat model with minimal side effects and good clinical outcomes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:832-838.]
The Effect of Vehicle on Corneal Penetration of Triturated Ketoconazole and Itraconazole
Authors: Guzek James P , Roosenberg Joann M , Gano David L , Wessels Izak F 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Triturated (crushed and suspended) ketoconazole has been recommended for the treatment of fungal keratitis when commercial antifungal eyedrops are unobtainable. The authors evaluated the in vivo corneal stromal concentration with different vehicles in the eyes of adult rabbits.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ketoconazole and itraconazole tablets were triturated to 20 mg/ml in four vehicles: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), boric acid, olive oil, and balanced salt solution (BSS). Six eyes (deepithelialized for better penetration) received one drop every 1 5 minutes for 2 hours. A yeast overlay bioassay of extracts determined the stromal concentration.
* RESULTS: Itraconazole in BSS, olive oil, PVA, and boric acid produced inhibition zones of 17.3, 15.6, 15.4, and 13.2 mm, respectively. Ketoconazole produced inhibition zones of 35-9, 39.4, 41.8, and 44.7 mm, respectively. From a standard curve, the concentrations of ketoconazole in tissue were 512, 773, 1221, and 1492 µg/g, respectively.
* CONCLUSION: The vehicle that is used to triturate antifungals affects the tissue concentration. This may have an impact on fungal keratitis therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998:29:926-929.]
Visual Field Results After Vitreous Surgery in a Case Series of Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Moroi Sayoko E , Gottfredsdottir Maria S , Van Heck Terri , Musch David C , Johnson Mark W 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Visual field loss is a complication of vitrectomy and a concern for patients with glaucoma. Our objective was to determine whether vitrectomy is associated with new field defects in patients with glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective case series involved 7 eyes of 7 patients, who had open-angle glaucoma and underwent vitrectomy for macular hole (2) or epiretinal membrane (5).
* RESULTS: Acuity improved by at least two lines in 5 eyes. Visual fields showed a change in mean deviation following vitrectomy (mean difference -1.50 dB, P=0.0006, paired Student's t-test). One eye had confirmed progression of a pre-existing visual field defect, but no new defects were apparent in the other eyes. Transient intraocular pressure rises requiring therapy occurred in 3 eyes. One eye developed macular edema, but no other operative complications occurred.
* CONCLUSIONS: The results of our small case series suggest that vitrectomy may be an acceptable intervention in eyes with glaucoma and co-existing macular problems.
[Opthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:380-386]
Retinal Toxicity of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Silicone-Filled Eyes
Authors: Kivilcim Muhamet , Peyman Gholam A , El-Dessouky El-Said , Kazi Abdul A , Cheema Rizwan , Hegazy Hassan 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the retinal toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide at different doses in vitrectomized, silicone-filled rabbit eyes.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vitrectomy with silicone oil placement was performed in 32 rabbit eyes. A dosage of 1 mg/0.025 mL, 2 mg/0.05 mL, or 4 mg/0.1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide was injected intravitreally in the study group eyes; the control group received 0.1 mL of sterile saline. Electroretinography and retinal histology were performed to evaluate toxicity.
* RESULTS: No retinal toxicity was seen in the groups given 1, 2, and 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide or in the control group. ERG and histologic sections in all groups were normal. No drug was visible in the vitreous cavity at the end of the 140-day period (average) in eyes injected with 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide.
* CONCLUSIONS: Up to 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide can be safely injected in silicone-filled, vitrectomized eyes without any significant retinal toxicity.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:474-478]