bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Outbreak Investigation in Hajjah Governorate, Yemen, in 2018: Case-Control Study
Authors: Nassar Abdulkareem Ali , Abdelrazzaq Mahmood Hasan , Almahaqri Ali Hamoud , Al-Amad Mohammed Abdullah , Al Serouri Abulwahed Abduljabbar , Khader Yousef Saleh 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Yemen. About 4440 cases were reported in 2019. On July 23, 2018, a Hajjah governorate surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population about an increase in the number of CL cases in Bani-Oshb, Kuhlan district, Hajjah governorate. On July 24, 2018, Yemen Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation.

Objective
We aimed to describe a CL outbreak in Hajjah governorate and determine its risk factors.

Methods
A descriptive study and case-control study (1:1 ratio) were conducted. Cases included people who met the suspected or confirmed case definition of the World Health Organization and lived in Bani-Oshb subdistrict during the period from August 2017 to July 2018. Controls included people living for at least 1 year in Bani-Oshb without new or old skin lesions. Crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CI were used to test the significance of associations.

Results
We identified 30 CL cases. Among the 30 patients, 7 (23%) were younger than 5 years, 17 (57%) were 5 to 14 years, 17 (57%) were females, and 23 (77%) had one lesion. The attack rate was 7 per 1000 population in the age group <15 years and 1 per 1000 population in the age group ≥15 years. On bivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with CL: female gender (cOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.5), malnutrition (cOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.5), not using a bed net (cOR 14.5, 95% CI 1.7-122.4), poor house lighting (cOR 6.4, 95% CI 2.1-19.7), poor house hygiene (cOR 11.2, 95% CI 3.1-40.7), poor sanitation (cOR 14.5, 95% CI 1.7-122.4), living in houses without window nets (cOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.3-21.2), plantation around the house (cOR 6.5, 95% CI 2.1-20.5), animal barn inside or close to the house (cOR 9.3, 95% CI 1.9-46.7), raising animals (cOR 8.1, 95% CI 1.6-40.7), and having animal dung in or near the house (cOR 6.8, 95% CI 1.7-27.7). The following risk factors remained significant on multivariate stepwise analysis: female gender (aOR 22.7, 95% CI 1.6-320.5), malnutrition (aOR 17.2, 95% CI 1.3-225.8), poor house hygiene (aOR 45.6, 95% CI 2.5-846.4), plantation around the house (aOR 43.8, 95% CI 1.9-1009.9), and raising animals (aOR 287.1, 95% CI 5.4-15205.6).

Conclusions
CL was endemic in Hajjah governorate, and an increase in cases was confirmed. Many individual, housing, and animal related factors were shown to contribute to CL endemicity. Implementation of control measures directed toward altering the factors favoring contact among vectors, reservoirs, and susceptible humans is strongly recommended to control future outbreaks.
Hâce Nevfidan Başkadınefendi ve Muhallefâtı
Authors: GÖKÇE Evren 
Published: March 2021

Bu makalede Osmanlı saray kadınlarından birisi olan Hâce Nevfidan Başkadınefendi’nin hayatı ve hayır faaliyetleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra muhallefâtı incelenecektir. Reformcu padişah Sultan II. Mahmud’un eşlerinden biri olan Nevfidan Başkadınefendi beş çocuk doğurmuş, ancak bunlardan hiçbirisi yaşamamıştır. Bununla birlikte sarayda Başkadınefendi mevkisine yükselmiştir. Başkadınefendi sultan eşleri arasında ilk sırada gelene verilen unvan olup, Harem hiyerarşisinde Valide Sultan’dan sonra gelen mevkidir. Nevfidan Başkadınefendi kutsal toprakları ziyaret ederek Hâce unvanına sahip olmuştur. Hanedan ve harem kadınları arasında hacca giden fazla olmadığı için bu unvanla özdeşleşmiş ve sonraki hayatında bu unvanla anılmıştır.
Hâce Nevfidan Başkadınefendi aynı zamanda Osmanlı hanedanının tanınmış ismi Âdile Sultan’ın manevî annesi olarak bilinmektedir. Çocuğu olmaması sebebiyle Sultan II. Mahmud Başkadınefendi’ye annesi olmayan kızı Âdile Sultan’ı teslim etmiştir. Başkadınefendi Âdile Sultan’ı büyütmüş ve yetiştirmiş, bir süre Âdile Sultan’a tahsis edilen sarayda birlikte yaşamışlardır. Âdile sultan manevî annesi ve yetiştiricisi Nevfidan Başkadınefendi’den ayrıldıktan sonra Başkadınefendi kendisine ait bir yere taşınmaya karar vermiştir. Bu nedenle Hazîne-i Hassa tarafından Beylerbeyi’nde bir sâhilhâne alınmış ve döşenmiştir. Ancak Başkadınefendi burada fazla yaşayamamış ve kısa süre sonra vefat etmiştir. Vefatından sonra sâhilhâne Hazine-i Hassa tarafından yapılan bazı döşeme masraflarını karşılaması şartıyla eski Serasker Rızâ Paşa’ya verilmiştir. Böylece sâhilhâne Rızâ Paşa’nın mülkü olmuştur. Başkadınefendi’nin sahilhânede bulunan muhallefâtı sayılmış ve resmi kayıtlara geçirilmiş, kısa bir süre sonra belirlenen bedel karşılığında Hazîne-i Hassa tarafından satılmıştır. Bu muhallefât kayıtları, Topkapı Sarayı Arşivi Defterleri’nde bulunmaktadır.
“Bağımsız ve Milli” Sendikalaşma: Sendikalar Kanunu’na Basının Yaklaşımı
Authors: İPEK Göktuğ 
Published: March 2021

5 Haziran 1946’da Cemiyetler Kanunu’nda yapılan değişiklik ile çeşitli sosyalist partilerin yanı sıra işçi teşekküllerinin kurulmasının da önü açılmıştır. Bu değişiklik sonrasında başta İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir olmak üzere ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde hızla pek çok sendika kurulmuştur.
Türkiye Sosyalist Partisi ile Türkiye Sosyalist Emekçi ve Köylü Partisi’nin kanundaki değişiklikten sonra özellikle işçiler arasında hızla örgütlenmesi iktidarı tedbirler almaya yöneltmiştir. Bunun üzerine iki sosyalist parti, çeşitli yayın organları ve işçi örgütleri 16 Aralık 1946’da kapatılmış, ayrıca parti yöneticileri ve üyeleri dahil pek çok kişi tevkif edilmiştir. Daha bu tevkifatlar gerçekleşmeden bir ay önce ise Çalışma Bakanlığı’nın bir yasa tasarısı hazırladığı duyurulmuş, tasarıya sendikaların siyasi cereyanların etkisi dışında kalmasını sağlayacak hükümler konulduğu belirtilmiştir.
Yaşanan gelişmeler devleti işçi haklarının çerçevesini kanunlarla çizmeye ve kendi güdümünde işçi örgütlenmeleri oluşturmaya itmiştir. Bunun sonucunda hazırlanan yasa tasarısı 20 Şubat 1947’de “İşçi ve İşveren Sendikaları ve Sendika Birlikleri Hakkında Kanun” adıyla kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Kasım 1946’dan Şubat 1947 sonrasına ait gazeteler incelenecek, böylece basının kanuna ne ölçüde yer verdiği ve yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca yine bu vesileyle basının işçi sınıfına bakış açısı ile sendikalaşma, grev vb. emek süreçleri hakkındaki tutumu irdelenecektir.
Comparison of the retentive ability on incisal bite force between aloe vera and poly(methyl-vinyl-ether) adhesive materials in complete acrylic denture measured by modified pressure transducer
Authors: Julinda Marisa , Sumarsongko Taufik , Alamsyah Gian Nur 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Patients with acrylic complete denture, usually have a confidence issue in using their complete dentures to chew and speak, because of concern about detached of the denture from its place and pain on the alveolar ridge. Application denture adhesive material ordinarily can solve the problem. Mostly, denture adhesives in the market are made from synthetic material poly(methyl-vinyl-ether) but nowadays aloe vera extract is believed to be a substitute to synthetic denture adhesive material. The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive ability of the prothesis which applied incisal bite forces among the complete denture applied by denture adhesive poly(methyl-vinyl-ether), aloe vera extract and and without denture adhesive as control. Methods: This true-experimental research used 10 samples from patients who used acrylic complete denture and meet suitable criteria. Samples were tested in three different interventions, the first one applied by denture adhesive made from poly(methyl-vinyl-ether), the second one applied by denture adhesive made from aloe vera extract and the third one as a control group, sample was tested without any application of denture adhesive. Retentive ability on incisal bite forces was measured by modified pressure transducer with integrated software. Data was analysis using ANOVA method. Results: Anterior bite force as control 20,98 N, aloe vera 23,42 N, poly (methyl-vinyl-ether) 21,25 N and without denture adhesive as control. Significant differences in the incisal bite force dislodgement of dentures that were applied with Aloe vera-based denture adhesive s with p-value of 0.0088. Conclusion: Denture adhesive made from Aloe vera extract had the highest adhesiveness incisal bite force value compared to denture adhesive made from poly(methyl-vinyl-ether) and without denture adhesive.
Antimicrobial properties of various solvents combinations for phytochemical fraction derived from Uncaria gambier extract against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
Authors: Sovira Gita Dwi Jiwanda , Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Mariam Marry Siti 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is often found in root canal infections and can cause failure in root canal treatment. Uncaria gambier is an herbal medicine that is known to be rich in polyphenol compounds that have antibacterial properties. Because of the polyphenol content and antibacterial properties of Uncaria gambier, it can be an alternative as an antibacterial solution for root canal treatment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the antimicrobial of various solvents combinations for phytochemical fraction derived from Uncaria gambier extract against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: This study is descriptive explorative research Uncaria gambier was extracted using a combination of three different fractions, ethyl acetate-water, hexane-water and hexane-ethyl acetate. We determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) using the serial microdilution method and by add test samples to the Mueller Hinton agar medium from each fraction Results: Combination ethyl acetate-water has MIC value at 0.195 mg/ml, combination hexane-water at 0.049 mg/ml and combination hexane-ethyl acetate have the MIC value at 1.563 mg/ml. The MBC value in combination ethyl acetate-water at 25 mg/ml, combination hexane-ethyl acetate and hexane-water MBC value at 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. Based on optical density measurement using ELISA reader and bacterial growth on the media used, the fraction combinations increase the antibacterial effect of Uncaria gambier against E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Conclusion: The combination of various Uncaria gambier solvents has been shown to inhibit and kill E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). The combination of ethyl acetate-water fraction is the best combination to against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). It means that the combination of various Uncaria gambier solvents can be developed as alternative root canal irrigation.
Effect Combination of Avocado Seed Feed (Persea americana) and Yellow Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) on Growth of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Wasilah Nurul , Safrida Safrida , Supriatno* Supriatno 
Published: March 2021

Feed is the biggest component (50-70%) which causes an increase in production costs, to reduce feed production costs is to mix inexpensive and easily accessible natural feed with a high enough protein content. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of avocado (Persea americana M.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.) seeds on the growth of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). The design used non-factorial RAL consisted of 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely P0 (control feed), P1 (40 grams of avocado seed feed + 40 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed material), P2 (20 grams of avocado seed feed + 60 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients) and P3 (60 grams of avocado seed feed + 20 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients). Data analysis using ANOVA. The results showed that feeding increased the growth of tilapia. In tilapia, a very effective growth was found in P2 feed of 16.44 grams with a growth rate of 3.12% / day. The conclusion of the study indicated that there was an effect of the combination of avocado and pumpkin seeds on the growth of tilapia.
Russia`s Participation in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Authors: Novoseltsev A. Y. , Stepanyugin K. V. 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION. The article examines problematic issues of Russia’s participation in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. According to the authors, the form of Russia’s participation in the Convention, associated with membership in the council of Europe, is unacceptable for its sovereignty. When ratifying the Convention, the degree of objectivity and impartiality of the ECHR in relation to the Russian Federation and the properties of the legal norms of the Convention were not taken into account.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials for the research are international agreements, resolutions of international organizations, decisions of the ECHR and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federa- tion, as well as doctrinal sources on the topic. The methodological basis of the article was formed by general scientific and special research methods. The article critically analyzes the arguments in favor of Russia’s participation in the European Convention and examines the reasons why the ECHR can hardly be called an objective court for a country that is not a member of the EU.RESEARCH RESULTS. The authors believe that the unenforceability of ECHR judgements is only part of the problem of enforcing binding decisions of international organizations. According to the authors, it is necessary to determine the fundamental foundations of Russia’s participation in international organizations that can make decisions legally binding for our country, and to limit their circle to the participants of the integration association with Russia, organizations of strategic partners, as well as organizations in which Russia can influence the adoption decisions. The principles of Russia’s participation in international organizations that make legally binding decisions should be included in the Federal Law “On International Treaties of the Russian Federation”.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The subordination of Russia to the jurisdiction of an interstate human rights body must meet a number of conditions that the ECHR does not meet. Because of this, problems arise with the implementation by Russia of the decisions of the ECHR. The authors share the point of view that the ECHR is an effective mechanism for the protection of rights and freedoms, but only for a group of states – European integration participants bound by common interests, values, and coordinated foreign and domestic policies. Therefore Russia needs to return to the rules of cooperation in the field of human rights with European states, set out in the Helsinki Final Act on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Influencia del estrés en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas
Authors: Servan Cruz Ana María , Verástegui Huanca Lucio Leo 
Published: March 2021

<p>El presente estudio fue no experimental, transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional. Cuyo objetivo fue: Determinar la influencia de estrés en el desempeño del personal administrativo de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. La población muestral estuvo constituida por 92 trabajadores de la UNTRM, que fue calculada mediante formula probabilística. Para recabar la información se utilizó como instrumento dos cuestionarios. Los resultados del estudio fueron: el 44.6% de trabajadores administrativos tienen un nivel bajo de estrés y el 55.4% tienen un nivel medio de estrés; acerca del nivel de estrés según la dimensión; acerca del nivel de estrés según el género; del grupo de trabajadores del sexo femenino el 32.6% tienen un nivel bajo de estrés, el 42.4% tienen un nivel medio de estrés; del grupo de trabajadores del sexo masculino el 12% tienen un nivel bajo de estrés, el 13% tienen un nivel medio de estrés. Concluyendo: Con X2 = 3.426, gl = 2, p = 0.18, como la significancia es mayor que 0.05 se acepta Ho, por lo que se determina que el estrés no influye en el desempeño del personal administrativo de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza.</p>
Nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios, Chachapoyas, Perú, 2019
Authors: Vigo Llanos Yoselin Fiorella , Chávez Milla Julio Mariano 
Published: March 2021

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los niveles de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. La muestra estuvo constituido por 92 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Estomatología de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, se aplicó una encuesta para medir el nivel de estrés académico, en las dimensiones estrategias de afrontamiento, síntomas y estresores. Los resultados mostraron que el 44.56%, tiene estrategias de afrontamiento de estrés medianamente bajo y el 4.34% medianamente alto. También se observó que el 36.95%, presenta síntomas de estrés medianamente bajo y el 1.08% presenta alta sintomatología de estrés. Además el 35.86%, presenta dimensiones de estresores medianamente bajo y el 2.17% presenta altos índices de estresores. Concluyendo que el estrés académico en la dimensión afrontamiento y síntomas tiene un nivel medianamente bajo y en la dimensión estresores tiene un nivel medio.</p><p> </p>
Los actos administrativos de destitución según la Ley 29988 y el debido procedimiento administrativo
Authors: Díaz Mendoza María Marianela 
Published: March 2021

<p>El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar si los actos administrativos de destitución a los docentes condenados en aplicación de la Ley N° 29988 vulneran el debido procedimiento administrativo en la Dirección Regional de Educación Amazonas, 2018. El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental, de modo transversal, de tipo descriptivo-analítico y correlacional. La población muestral estuvo constituida por dieciséis expedientes administrativos; se aplicó la ficha de recojo documental para la recolección de datos de los expedientes administrativos. Se encontró que el 44% registra sentencia condenatoria consentida o ejecutoriada por el delito de Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas y el 56% por el delito de Violación a la Libertad Sexual; del total de docentes destituidos en aplicación de la Ley 29988, el 100% no fueron notificados, consecuentemente, no tuvieron la oportunidad para ejercer su derecho a la defensa, ofrecer y presentar medios probatorios en su defensa, antes de la emisión de la resolución administrativa. Se concluye que los actos administrativos de destitución automática a los docentes condenados en aplicación de la Ley 29988 si vulneraron el debido procedimiento administrativo en la Dirección Regional de Educación Amazonas, 2018.</p>
CHALLENGE ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACT DURING COVID 19 OUTBREAKS
Authors: Radianto Sambari , Wijayanti Tri Cicik , Aurelia Naurah 
Published: March 2021

Indonesia officially declared the first case of the corona virus infection that caused Covid-19 in early March 2020. Since then, various counter measures have been taken by the government to reduce the impact of the Covid-19 outbreaks in various sectors. Restrictions on community activities affect business activities which led to economics declination.This study aims to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreaks on the regional economics development. This research using composite index to estimate the challenge COVID-19 outbreaks on the regional economic and this was carried out by building an index composite showing the severity of health on one hand and economic performance on the other.This research shows, 34 provinces in Indonesia can be classified into four quadrants: 1) health improving and the economy is improving, 2) health is improving and the economy is deteriorating, 3) health worsening and the economy is improving, and 4) health is deteriorating and the economy is deteriorating. This study aprovide suggestions in order to be more accurate in identifying problems and finding precise solutions, the local government should collect data and research on economic aspects in a fast and precise way, namely 1) the level of the COVID-19 outbreak in the province, 2) risk factors for natural disasters, 3), factors characteristic of economic problems, 4) fiscal burden factors.
Perencanaan Karir Siswa Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Wahyanti Dwi , Folastri Sisca 
Published: March 2021

Objective study to determine career planning of male and female students, as well as to determine whether there are differences in career planning between male and female students of class XI SMK Islam Wijaya Kusuma. Research method is quantitative approach with a comparative method. Data and data sources were students of class XI SMK Islam Wijaya Kusuma, totaling 120 students out of 156 students. This study uses career planning instrument. The data analysis technique used is t test. The results showed career planning for male students of class XI SMK Islam Wijaya Kusuma in medium category and career planning for female students in the high category. The results also showed there significant differences in the career planning of male and female students of class XI SMK Islam Wijaya Kusuma. This is evidenced by the t count of 13.751> t table of 1.65787 at α = 0.05.
Perbedaan Jenis Kelamin dan Status Pernikahan dalam Kesejahteraan Psikologis Guru
Authors: Izzati Umi Anugerah , Mulyana Olievia Prabandini 
Published: March 2021

Guru memiliki peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Pentingnya peran guru maka perlu mendapat perhatian dalam hal kesejahteraan psikologis. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kesejahteraan psikologis guru ditinjau jenis kelamin dan status pernikahan. Metode penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian komparatif. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen yang berupa skala yaitu skala kesejahteraan psikologis yang disusun berdasarkan teori dari Ryff. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan Convenience Sampling. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 120 orang guru sekolah swasta yang bekerja di satu Yayasan. Analisa statistik pada penelitian ini menggunakan anava 2 jalur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis guru ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan status pernikahan. Hasil analisis juga menemukan bahwa rerata skor kesejahteraan psikologi pada guru wanita yang menikah memiliki kesejahteraan psikologis yang tinggi dibandingkan guru pria dan guru yang belum menikah.
PENGELOLAAN JARINGAN INTERNET DENGAN PROXY WINGATE
Authors: Winarti Titin 
Published: March 2021

<span class="hps">Proxy adalah</span><span> </span><span class="hps">bagian dari protokol</span><span> </span><span class="hps">yang berfungsi</span><span> </span><span class="hps">sebagai link</span><span> </span><span class="hps">untuk host</span><span> </span><span class="hps">tunggal</span><span> </span><span class="hps">atau sebagai</span><span> </span><span class="hps">link untuk</span><span> </span><span class="hps">beberapa host</span><span> </span><span class="hps">antara</span><span class="hps">jaringan dan</span><span> </span><span class="hps">jaringan lain.</span><span> </span><span class="hps">Proxy</span><span> </span><span class="hps">wingate</span><span> </span><span class="hps">adalah software</span><span> </span><span class="hps">yang digunakan untuk</span><span> </span><span class="hps">berbagi koneksi</span><span> </span><span class="hps">internet melalui</span><span> </span><span class="hps">satu alamat IP</span><span class="hps">yang terintegrasi</span><span> </span><span class="hps">ke internet</span><span>.</span>