bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell culture–based production of defective interfering influenza A virus particles in perfusion mode using an alternating tangential flow filtration system
Authors: Hein Marc D. , Chawla Anshika , Cattaneo Maurizio , Kupke Sascha Y. , Genzel Yvonne , Reichl Udo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRespiratory diseases including influenza A virus (IAV) infections represent a major threat to human health. While the development of a vaccine requires a lot of time, a fast countermeasure could be the use of defective interfering particles (DIPs) for antiviral therapy. IAV DIPs are usually characterized by a large internal deletion in one viral RNA segment. Consequentially, DIPs can only propagate in presence of infectious standard viruses (STVs), compensating the missing gene function. Here, they interfere with and suppress the STV replication and might act “universally” against many IAV subtypes. We recently reported a production system for purely clonal DIPs utilizing genetically modified cells. In the present study, we established an automated perfusion process for production of a DIP, called DI244, using an alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) system for cell retention. Viable cell concentrations and DIP titers more than 10 times higher than for a previously reported batch cultivation were observed. Furthermore, we investigated a novel tubular cell retention device for its potential for continuous virus harvesting into the permeate. Very comparable performances to typically used hollow fiber membranes were found during the cell growth phase. During the virus replication phase, the tubular membrane, in contrast to the hollow fiber membrane, allowed 100% of the produced virus particles to pass through. To our knowledge, this is the first time a continuous virus harvest was shown for a membrane-based perfusion process. Overall, the process established offers interesting possibilities for advanced process integration strategies for next-generation virus particle and virus vector manufacturing.Key points• An automated perfusion process for production of IAV DIPs was established.• DIP titers of 7.40E + 9 plaque forming units per mL were reached.• A novel tubular cell retention device enabled continuous virus harvesting.
An [18F]FDG-PET/CT deep learning method for fully automated detection of pathological mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients
Authors: Wallis David , Soussan Michaël , Lacroix Maxime , Akl Pia , Duboucher Clément , Buvat Irène 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The identification of pathological mediastinal lymph nodes is an important step in the staging of lung cancer, with the presence of metastases significantly affecting survival rates. Nodes are currently identified by a physician, but this process is time-consuming and prone to errors. In this paper, we investigate the use of artificial intelligence–based methods to increase the accuracy and consistency of this process.

Methods
Whole-body 18F-labelled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) scans (Philips Gemini TF) from 134 patients were retrospectively analysed. The thorax was automatically located, and then slices were fed into a U-Net to identify candidate regions. These regions were split into overlapping 3D cubes, which were individually predicted as positive or negative using a 3D CNN. From these predictions, pathological mediastinal nodes could be identified. A second cohort of 71 patients was then acquired from a different, newer scanner (GE Discovery MI), and the performance of the model on this dataset was tested with and without transfer learning.

Results
On the test set from the first scanner, our model achieved a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% confidence intervals [0.74, 0.94]) with 0.41 [0.22, 0.71] false positives/patient. This was comparable to the performance of an expert. Without transfer learning, on the test set from the second scanner, the corresponding results were 0.53 [0.35, 0.70] and 0.24 [0.10, 0.49], respectively. With transfer learning, these metrics were 0.88 [0.73, 0.97] and 0.69 [0.43, 1.04], respectively.

Conclusion
Model performance was comparable to that of an expert on data from the same scanner. With transfer learning, the model can be applied to data from a different scanner. To our knowledge it is the first study of its kind to go directly from whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans to pathological mediastinal lymph node localisation.
Clinical indications for image-guided interventional procedures in the musculoskeletal system: a Delphi-based consensus paper from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR)—part V, knee
Authors: Sconfienza Luca Maria , Adriaensen Miraude , Albano Domenico , Alcala-Galiano Andrea , Allen Georgina , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Aringhieri Giacomo , Bazzocchi Alberto , Beggs Ian , Chianca Vito , Corazza Angelo , Dalili Danoob , De Dea Miriam , del Cura Jose Luis , Di Pietto Francesco , Drakonaki Elena , Facal de Castro Fernando , Filippiadis Dimitrios , Gitto Salvatore , Grainger Andrew J. , Greenwood Simon , Gupta Harun , Isaac Amanda , Ivanoski Slavcho , Khanna Monica , Klauser Andrea , Mansour Ramy , Martin Silvia , Mascarenhas Vasco , Mauri Giovanni , McCarthy Catherine , McKean David , McNally Eugene , Melaki Kalliopi , Mirón Mombiela Rebeca , Moutinho Ricardo , Obradov Marina , Olchowy Cyprian , Orlandi Davide , Prada González Raquel , Prakash Mahesh , Posadzy Magdalena , Rutkauskas Saulius , Snoj Žiga , Stefano Tagliafico Alberto , Talaska Alexander , Tomas Xavier , Vasilevska-Nikodinovska Violeta , Vucetic Jelena , Wilson David , Zaottini Federico , Zappia Marcello , Messina Carmelo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Interventional procedures around the knee are widely adopted for treating different musculoskeletal conditions. A panel of experts from the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) reviewed the existing literature to assess the evidence on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the knee, with the goal of highlighting some controversies associated with these procedures, specifically the role of imaging guidance, as well as the efficacy of the medications routinely injected.

Methods
We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts in musculoskeletal radiology, who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures around the knee to derive a list of pertinent clinical indications.

Results
A list of 10 statements about clinical indications of image-guided procedures around the knee was created by a Delphi-based consensus. Only two of them had the highest level of evidence; all of them received 100% consensus.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography guidance is strongly recommended for intra-articular and patellar tendinopathy procedures to ensure the precision and efficacy of these treatments. Prospective randomized studies remain warranted to better understand the role of imaging guidance and assess some of the medications used for interventional procedures around the knee.

Key Points
• A list of 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the knee was produced by an expert panel of the ESSR.
• Strong consensus with 100% agreement was obtained for all statements.
• Two statements reached the highest level of evidence, allowing us to strongly recommend the use of ultrasonography to guide intra-articular and patellar tendon procedures to ensure higher accuracy and efficacy of these treatments.
Non-axisymmetric complete flow conditioning gauzes
Authors: Castillo Pardo Alejandro , Taylor James V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for the design of a gauze that produces distributions of stagnation pressure, swirl angle, pitch angle and turbulence intensity, tailored in both the radial and circumferential directions. A distortion gauze is made from a large number of small-scale circumferential and radial blades with tailored thickness and camber distributions. By controlling the blade design independently in both the radial and circumferential directions, the target inflow pattern can be achieved. 1D correlations are used to initialise the blades and they are refined using full 3D CFD simulations. The final design is additively manufactured for use in rotating rigs. In this paper, the method has been used to reproduce four target inflow patterns with large variations in stagnation pressure and flow angularity. Two examples model the inlet flow distortion seen at the aerodynamic interface plane of an aft-mounted boundary layer ingesting fan. The final two examples model the inlet distortion at inlet to an axial compressor spool caused by upstream structural struts in a swan neck duct. The gauzes are shown to replicate the structures of the target flow in an experimental test. These kind of flow structures would be extremely difficult or impossible to replicate in an experiment in any other way.Graphical abstract
Droughts and heatwaves in the Western Mediterranean: impact on vegetation and wildfires using the coupled WRF-ORCHIDEE regional model (RegIPSL)
Authors: Guion Antoine , Turquety Solène , Polcher Jan , Pennel Romain , Bastin Sophie , Arsouze Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDroughts and heatwaves in the Mediterranean can induce plant activity decline and severe wildfires leading to considerable economic, social and environmental damages. This study aims at statistically quantifying the isolated and combined impacts of these extreme events based on a combination of regional land surface-atmosphere modeling and satellite observations of surface properties (MODIS). A simulation by the RegIPSL coupled regional model (ORCHIDEE-WRF) over the 1979–2016 period in the Western Mediterranean is used to identify heatwaves and droughts. After an evaluation of the model performance against surface observations of temperature and precipitation, a spatio-temporal analysis is conducted using specific indicators of extreme events: Percentile Limit Anomalies (PLA) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The impact on vegetation and wildfires is assessed using the MODIS observations of Leaf Area Index (LAI), burned area (BA) and fire radiative power (FRP), clustered by simulated extreme weather events. Due to water stress, droughts lead to significant biomass decrease (− 10$$\%$$
%
LAI on average and reaching − 23$$\%$$
%
in some areas). The isolated effect of heatwaves is smaller ($$\sim$$
∼
− 3$$\%$$
%
LAI) so that the combined effect is dominated by the impact of droughts. Heatwaves and droughts significantly exacerbate wildfire regimes. Through synergistic effects, simultaneous droughts and heatwaves increase BA and FRP by 2.1 and 2.9 times, respectively, compared to normal conditions. By reducing biomass, droughts slightly decrease fuel availability. However, our results show that the inter-annual variation in fire activity is mainly driven by weather conditions rather than fuel load.
Clinical efficiency of operating room-based sliding gantry CT as compared to mobile cone-beam CT-based navigated pedicle screw placement in 853 patients and 6733 screws
Authors: Ille Sebastian , Baumgart Lea , Obermueller Thomas , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple solutions for navigation-guided pedicle screw placement are available. However, the efficiency with regard to clinical and resource implications has not yet been analyzed.
The present study’s aim was to analyze whether an operating room sliding gantry CT (ORCT)-based approach for spinal instrumentation is more efficient than a mobile cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based approach.

Methods
This cohort study included a random sample of 853 patients who underwent spinal instrumentation using ORCT-based or CBCT-based pedicle screw placement due to tumor, degenerative, trauma, infection, or deformity disorders between November 2015 and January 2020.

Results
More screws had to be revised intraoperatively in the CBCT group due to insufficient placement (ORCT: 98, 2.8% vs. CBCT: 128, 4.0%; p = 0.0081). The mean time of patients inside the OR (Interval 5 Entry–Exit) was significantly shorter for the ORCT group (ORCT: mean, [95% CI] 256.0, [247.8, 264.3] min, CBCT: 283.0, [274.4, 291.5] min; p < 0.0001) based on shorter times for Interval 2 Positioning—Incision (ORCT: 18.8, [18.1, 19.9] min, CBCT: 33.6, [32.2, 35.5] min; p < 0.0001) and Interval 4 Suture—Exit (ORCT: 24.3, [23.6, 26.1] min, CBCT: 29.3, [27.5, 30.7] min; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The choice of imaging technology for navigated pedicle screw placement has significant impact on standard spine procedures even in a high-volume spine center with daily routine in such devices. Particularly with regard to the duration of surgeries, the shorter time needed for preparation and de-positioning in the ORCT group made the main difference, while the accuracy was even higher for the ORCT.
Studies of Deuteron–Proton Collisions at 100 MeV
Authors: Skwira-Chalot I. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Stephan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifferential cross section for the $$^1H(d,pp)n$$

1

H

(
d
,
p
p
)

n

reaction is sensitive to various dynamical ingredients and allows for thorough tests of theoretical potentials describing the interaction in the three nucleon systems. The analysis of the experimental data collected for the breakup reaction at the beam energy of 100 MeV has been performed and the first cross section results for selected configurations are presented in this paper. They are in good agreement with calculations based on the realistic potentials. Studies at this relatively low energy will also be important for examining awaited calculations within the Chiral Effective Field Theory.
Characteristics of young people accessing recently implemented Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (F:CAMHS) in England: insights from national service activity data
Authors: Lane Rebecca , D’Souza Sophie , Singleton Rosie , Hindley Nick , Bevington Dickon , White Oliver , Jacob Jenna , Wheeler James , Edbrooke-Childs Julian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildren and young people in contact with forensic child and adolescent mental health services present with more complex needs than young people in the general population. Recent policy in child and adolescent mental health has led to the implementation of new workstreams and programmes to improve service provision. This research examines the characteristics of children and young people referred to recently commissioned Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Services (F:CAMHS) and service activity during the first 24 months of service. The study is a national cohort study to describe the population and investigate service provision and access across England. Secondary data on 1311 advice cases and 1406 referrals are included in analysis. Findings show that 71.9% of the sample had accessed mainstream CAMHS before their referral, 50.9% had experienced/witnessed multiple traumatic events and 58.4% of young people presented with multiple difficulties. The results of the study highlight the complexity of the cohort and a need for interagency trauma-informed working. This is the first study to describe the characteristics of children and young people referred to Community F:CAMHS and provides valuable information on pathways and needs to inform service policy and provision.
Set characterizations and convex extensions for geometric convex-hull proofs
Authors: Bärmann Andreas , Schneider Oskar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we consider Zuckerberg’s method for geometric convex-hull proofs introduced in Zuckerberg (Oper Res Lett 44(5):625–629, 2016). It has only been scarcely adopted in the literature so far, despite the great flexibility in designing algorithmic proofs for the completeness of polyhedral descriptions that it offers. We suspect that this is partly due to the rather heavy algebraic framework its original statement entails. This is why we present a much more lightweight and accessible approach to Zuckerberg’s proof technique, building on ideas from Gupte et al. (Discrete Optim 36:100569, 2020). We introduce the concept of set characterizations to replace the set-theoretic expressions needed in the original version and to facilitate the construction of algorithmic proof schemes. Along with this, we develop several different strategies to conduct Zuckerberg-type convex-hull proofs. Very importantly, we also show that our concept allows for a significant extension of Zuckerberg’s proof technique. While the original method was only applicable to 0/1-polytopes, our extended framework allows to treat arbitrary polyhedra and even general convex sets. We demonstrate this increase in expressive power by characterizing the convex hull of Boolean and bilinear functions over polytopal domains. All results are illustrated with indicative examples to underline the practical usefulness and wide applicability of our framework.
Interdisciplinary Research into the Legacy of the Medieval Metropolis of Soba in a Modern Khartoum Suburb
Authors: Drzewiecki Mariusz , Kurcz Maciej , Ciesielska Joanna , Michalik Tomasz , Czyżewska-Zalewska Ewa , Kiersnowski Krzysztof , Ryndziewicz Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital of Alwa kingdom, whose remains cover approximately 275 ha. About 222 ha of this area has been built up or transformed into agricultural land in the past 30 years. An ethnographic survey was also carried out in the built-up area to understand how the residents engage with the archaeological heritage and material remains. The undeveloped area of the capital (53 ha) was the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological fieldwork conducted in 2019 and 2020. A large-scale geophysical survey, using a fluxgate gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar, was initiated in the undeveloped area, and excavation trenches were opened to verify distinctive magnetic anomalies. Along with the ethnographic and geophysical data, the study of the pottery, burials, and stratigraphic sequence (supplemented with radiocarbon dates) provides new insights into the spatial organization of the medieval capital.
Switch to SGLT2 Inhibitors and Improved Endothelial Function in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Correale Michele , Mazzeo Pietro , Mallardi Adriana , Leopizzi Alessandra , Tricarico Lucia , Fortunato Martino , Magnesa Michele , Tucci Salvatore , Maiellaro Pasquale , Pastore Giuseppe , Lamacchia Olga , Iacoviello Massimo , Di Biase Matteo , Brunetti Natale Daniele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The use of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-type-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was associated in previous studies with an improved vascular function in non-human experimental models. We therefore sought to evaluate possible changes in endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), switching from other oral hypoglycemic agents to SGLT2i in an observational study.

Methods
Twenty-two consecutive outpatients with CHF and T2DM were enrolled after switching to SGLT2i therapy, and compared with 23 consecutive controls from the same registry comparable for principal clinical characteristics. In all patients, endothelial function was assessed by FMD at baseline and after 3 months of follow-up.

Results
Three months of therapy with SGLT2i were associated with a statistically significant improvement in endothelial function (19.0 ± 5.7% vs 8.5 ± 4.1%, p < 0.0001); baseline levels of FMD were comparable between groups (p n.s.). Therapy with SGLT2i was significantly associated to improved FMD levels even at multivariable stepwise regression analysis (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Switch to SGLT2i in patients with CHF and T2DM was associated in an observational non-randomized study with an improved endothelial function.
VFC-SMOTE: very fast continuous synthetic minority oversampling for evolving data streams
Authors: Bernardo Alessio , Della Valle Emanuele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe world is constantly changing, and so are the massive amount of data produced. However, only a few studies deal with online class imbalance learning that combines the challenges of class-imbalanced data streams and concept drift. In this paper, we propose the very fast continuous synthetic minority oversampling technique (VFC-SMOTE). It is a novel meta-strategy to be prepended to any streaming machine learning classification algorithm aiming at oversampling the minority class using a new version of Smote and Borderline-Smote inspired by Data Sketching. We benchmarked VFC-SMOTE pipelines on synthetic and real data streams containing different concept drifts, imbalance levels, and class distributions. We bring statistical evidence that VFC-SMOTE pipelines learn models whose minority class performances are better than state-of-the-art. Moreover, we analyze the time/memory consumption and the concept drift recovery speed.
Realizing a 140 GHz Gap Waveguide–Based Array Antenna by Low-Cost Injection Molding and Micromachining
Authors: Farjana Sadia , Ghaderi Mohammadamir , Zaman Ashraf Uz , Rahiminejad Sofia , Eriksson Thomas , Hansson Jonas , Li Yinggang , Emanuelsson Thomas , Haasl Sjoerd , Lundgren Per , Enoksson Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel micromachining process to fabricate a 140 GHz planar antenna based on gap waveguide technology to be used in the next-generation backhauling links. The 140 GHz planar array antenna consists of three layers, all of which have been fabricated using polymer-based microfabrication and injection molding. The 140 GHz antenna has the potential to be used as an element in a bigger 3D array in a line-of-sight (LOS) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration to boost the network capacity. In this work, we focus on the fabrication of a single antenna array element based on gap waveguide technology. Depending on the complexity of each antenna layer’s design, three different micromachining techniques, SU8 fabrication, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding, and injection molding of the polymer (OSTEMER), together with gold (Au) coating, have been utilized to fabricate a single 140 GHz planar array antenna. The input reflection coefficient was measured to be below − 11 dB over a 14% bandwidth from 132 to 152 GHz, and the antenna gain was measured to be 31 dBi at 140 GHz, both of which are in good agreement with the simulations.