bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel brief treatment for methamphetamine use disorders in South Africa: a randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Sorsdahl K. , Stein D. J. , Pasche S. , Jacobs Y. , Kader R. , Odlaug B. , Richter S. , Myers B. , Grant J. E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Effective brief treatments for methamphetamine use disorders (MAUD) are urgently needed to complement longer more intensive treatments in low and middle income countries, including South Africa. To address this gap, the purpose of this randomised feasibility trial was to determine the feasibility of delivering a six-session blended imaginal desensitisation, plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) intervention for adults with a MAUD.

Methods
We enrolled 60 adults with a MAUD and randomly assigned them 1:1 to the IDMI intervention delivered by clinical psychologists and a control group who we referred to usual care. Feasibility measures, such as rates of recruitment, consent to participate in the trial and retention, were calculated. Follow-up interviews were conducted at 6 weeks and 3 months post-enrollment.

Results
Over 9 months, 278 potential particiants initiated contact. Following initial screening 78 (28%) met inclusion criteria, and 60 (77%) were randomised. Thirteen of the 30 participants assigned to the treatment group completed the intervention. Both psychologists were highly adherent to the intervention, obtaining a fidelity rating of 91%. In total, 39 (65%) participants completed the 6-week follow-up and 40 (67%) completed the 3-month follow-up. The intervention shows potential effectiveness in the intention-to-treat analysis where frequency of methamphetamine use was significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group at both the 6 week and 3-month endpoints. No adverse outcomes were reported.

Conclusions
This feasibility trial suggests that the locally adapted IDMI intervention is an acceptable and safe intervention as a brief treatment for MAUD in South Africa. Modifications to the study design should be considered in a fully powered, definitive controlled trial to assess this potentially effective intervention.
Trial registration The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: PACTR201310000589295)
Conceptualizing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with opioid use disorder: an application of the social ecological model
Authors: Cowan Ethan , Khan Maria R. , Shastry Siri , Edelman E. Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled societal disruption with wide ranging effects on individual liberties, the economy, and physical and mental health. While no social strata or population has been spared, the pandemic has posed unique and poorly characterized challenges for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Given the pandemic’s broad effects, it is helpful to organize the risks posed to specific populations using theoretical models. These models can guide scientific inquiry, interventions, and public policy. Models also provide a visual image of the interplay of individual-, network-, community-, structural-, and pandemic-level factors that can lead to increased risks of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for individuals and populations. Such models are not unidirectional, in that actions of individuals, networks, communities and structural changes can also affect overall disease incidence and prevalence. In this commentary, we describe how the social ecological model (SEM) may be applied to describe the theoretical effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). This model can provide a necessary framework to systematically guide time-sensitive research and implementation of individual-, community-, and policy-level interventions to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with OUD.
AP-1 family transcription factors: a diverse family of proteins that regulate varied cellular activities in classical hodgkin lymphoma and ALK+ ALCL
Authors: Wu Zuoqiao , Nicoll Mary , Ingham Robert J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) are B and T cell lymphomas respectively, which express the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member, CD30. Another feature shared by cHL and ALK+ ALCL is the aberrant expression of multiple members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors which includes proteins of the Jun, Fos, ATF, and Maf subfamilies. In this review, we highlight the varied roles these proteins play in the pathobiology of these lymphomas including promoting proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and evading the host immune response. In addition, we discuss factors contributing to the elevated expression of these transcription factors in cHL and ALK+ ALCL. Finally, we examine therapeutic strategies for these lymphomas that exploit AP-1 transcriptional targets or the signalling pathways they regulate.
PEPCK-M recoups tumor cell anabolic potential in a PKC-ζ-dependent manner
Authors: Hyroššová Petra , Aragó Marc , Moreno-Felici Juan , Fu Xiarong , Mendez-Lucas Andrés , García-Rovés Pablo M. , Burgess Shawn , Figueras Agnès , Viñals Francesc , Perales Jose C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M; PCK2) is expressed in all cancer types examined and in neuroprogenitor cells. The gene is upregulated by amino acid limitation and ER-stress in an ATF4-dependent manner, and its activity modulates the PEP/Ca2+ signaling axis, providing clear arguments for a functional relationship with metabolic adaptations for cell survival. Despite its potential relevance to cancer metabolism, the mechanisms responsible for its pro-survival activity have not been completely elucidated.

Methods
[U-13C]glutamine and [U-13C]glucose labeling of glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates and their anabolic end-products was evaluated quantitatively using LC/MS and GC/MS in conditions of abundant glucose and glucose limitation in loss-of-function (shRNA) and gain-of-function (lentiviral constitutive overexpression) HeLa cervix carcinoma cell models. Cell viability was assessed in conjunction with various glucose concentrations and in xenografts in vivo.

Results
PEPCK-M levels linearly correlated with [U-13C]glutamine label abundance in most glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediate pools under nutritional stress. In particular, serine, glycine, and proline metabolism, and the anabolic potential of the cell, were sensitive to PEPCK-M activity. Therefore, cell viability defects could be rescued by supplementing with an excess of those amino acids. PEPCK-M silenced or inhibited cells in the presence of abundant glucose showed limited growth secondary to TCA cycle blockade and increased ROS.
In limiting glucose conditions, downregulation of PKC-ζ tumor suppressor has been shown to enhance survival. Consistently, HeLa cells also sustained a survival advantage when PKC-ζ tumor suppressor was downregulated using shRNA, but this advantage was abolished in the absence of PEPCK-M, as its inhibition restores cell growth to control levels. The relationship between these two pathways is also highlighted by the anti-correlation observed between PEPCK-M and PKC-ζ protein levels in all clones tested, suggesting co-regulation in the absence of glucose. Finally, PEPCK-M loss negatively impacted on anchorage-independent colony formation and xenograft growth in vivo.

Conclusions
All in all, our data suggest that PEPCK-M might participate in the mechanisms to regulate proteostasis in the anabolic and stalling phases of tumor growth. We provide molecular clues into the clinical relevance of PEPCK-M as a mechanism of evasion of cancer cells in conditions of nutrient stress.
Comparative associations between anticholinergic burden and emergency department visits for anticholinergic adverse events in older Korean adults: a nested case-control study using national claims data for validation of a novel country-specific scale
Authors: Hwang Sunghee , Chung Jee Eun , Jun Kwanghee , Ah Young-Mi , Kim Kwang-Il , Lee Ju-Yeun 
Published: January 2021

Abstracts
Background
Considering the limited generalizability of previous anticholinergic burden scales, the Korean Anticholinergic Burden Scale (KABS) as a scale specific to the Korean population was developed. We aimed to validate the KABS by detecting the associations between high anticholinergic burden, measured with the KABS, and emergency department (ED) visits compared to the pre-existing validated scales in older Korean adults.

Methods
A nested case-control study was conducted using national claims data. The cases included the first anticholinergic ED visits between July 1 and December 31, 2016. Anticholinergic ED visits were defined as ED visits with a primary diagnosis of constipation, delirium, dizziness, fall, fracture, or urinary retention.
Propensity score-matched controls were identified. Average daily AB scores during 30 days before the index date were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
In total, 461,034 were included. The highest proportion of those with high AB was identified with KABS (5.0%). Compared with those who had a KABS score of 0, older adults with a score ≥ 3 were at higher risk for overall anticholinergic ED visits (aOR, 1.62, 95% CI, 1.53–1.72), as well as visits for falls/fractures (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.40–1.69), dizziness (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.30–1.59), delirium (aOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.28–3.83), constipation (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.68–2.02), and urinary retention (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.79–2.55). High AB by KABS showed a stronger association with overall anticholinergic ED visits and visits due to delirium and urinary retention than those by other scales.

Conclusions
In conclusion, KABS is superior to pre-existing scales in identifying patients with high AB and predicting high AB-related ED visits in older Korean adults.
Extended adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on mouse ovarian function
Authors: Kim Jihyun , You Sooseong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Most patients with cancer undergo multiple administrations of anticancer drugs during treatment, resulting in chronic impairment of their reproductive health. As improved treatment options increase cancer survival, it has become increasingly important to address fertility issues in cancer survivors. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological effects of multiple exposures to cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the ovaries of mice and their underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods
Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Cy six times over 2 weeks; 4 weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their ovaries, sera, and oocytes were collected for histological observation, measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and assessment of oocyte quantity and quality in response to hormonal stimulation. Gene expression changes in Cy-treated ovaries were examined by microarray and bioinformatics analyses.

Results
After repeated Cy exposure, the anti-Müllerian hormone level was decreased, and follicle loss and impairments in the quality of oocyte were irreversible. The expression levels of genes involved in folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and zona pellucida glycoprotein transcription displayed sustained alterations in Cy-exposed ovaries even after 4 weeks.

Conclusion
The adverse effects of Cy on ovarian function and oocytes remained even after chemotherapy was complete. Therefore, strategies to prevent ovarian damage or restore ovarian function after treatment are required to safeguard the fertility of young cancer survivors.
N-acetylcysteine dose-dependently improves the analgesic effect of acetaminophen on the rat hot plate test
Authors: Nakhaee Samaneh , Dastjerdi Mohammad , Roumi Hesam , Mehrpour Omid , Farrokhfall Khadijeh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is a clinically important problem. Up to now, interventive therapy with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been considered as a gold-standard treatment for APAP overdose. However, no study has focused on the efficacy of these drugs’ concurrent administration on probable enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of co-administration of NAC and acetaminophen in male rats. The NAC-APAP drug formulation may demonstrate the stranger antinociceptive effect.

Methods
Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (12–14 weeks) randomly divided into six equal groups; control, APAP (received 300 mg/kg APAP), NAC (received 600 mg/kg NAC) and APAP+ NAC groups that received simultaneously 300 mg/kg APAP with 200–600 mg/kg NAC (AN200, AN400, AN600). All administrations were done orally for once. The antinociceptive effect was recorded by measurement of latency period on a hot plate in 30, 60, and 90 min after administrations.

Results
The results showed that NAC’s concurrent administration with APAP, dose-dependently increased APAP analgesic effects (p< 0.0001). Moreover, NAC treatment exhibited an antinociceptive effect in 60 and 90 min, per se. The treatments had no adverse effect on liver enzymes and oxidative stress.

Conclusion
Co-administration of NAC with APAP can improve the antinociceptive effect of APAP. It is suggested that this compound can enhance analgesic effects of APAP and eventually lead to a reduction in acetaminophen dose. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of this hyper analgesic effect.
The effect of driver variables on the estimation of bivariate probability density of peak loads in long-term horizon
Authors: Kaheh Zohreh , Shabanzadeh Morteza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is evident that developing more accurate forecasting methods is the pillar of building robust multi-energy systems (MES). In this context, long-term forecasting is also indispensable to have a robust expansion planning program for modern power systems. While very short-term and short-term forecasting are usually represented with point estimation, this approach is highly unreliable in medium-term and long-term forecasting due to inherent uncertainty in predictors like weather variables in long terms. Accordingly, long-term forecasting is usually represented by probabilistic forecasting values which are based on probabilistic functions. In this paper, a self-organizing mixture network (SOMN) is developed to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of peak load in long-term horizons considering the most important drivers of seasonal similarity, population, gross domestic product (GDP), and electricity price. The proposed methodology is applied to forecast the PDF of annual and seasonal peak load in Queensland Australia.
A GPU based multidimensional amplitude analysis to search for tetraquark candidates
Authors: Sur Nairit , Cristella Leonardo , Di Florio Adriano , Mastrapasqua Vincenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe demand for computational resources is steadily increasing in experimental high energy physics as the current collider experiments continue to accumulate huge amounts of data and physicists indulge in more complex and ambitious analysis strategies. This is especially true in the fields of hadron spectroscopy and flavour physics where the analyses often depend on complex multidimensional unbinned maximum-likelihood fits, with several dozens of free parameters, with an aim to study the internal structure of hadrons. Graphics processing units (GPUs) represent one of the most sophisticated and versatile parallel computing architectures that are becoming popular toolkits for high energy physicists to meet their computational demands. GooFit is an upcoming open-source tool interfacing ROOT/RooFit to the CUDA platform on NVIDIA GPUs that acts as a bridge between the MINUIT minimization algorithm and a parallel processor, allowing probability density functions to be estimated on multiple cores simultaneously. In this article, a full-fledged amplitude analysis framework developed using GooFit is tested for its speed and reliability. The four-dimensional fitter framework, one of the firsts of its kind to be built on GooFit, is geared towards the search for exotic tetraquark states in the $$B^0 \rightarrow J/\psi K \pi$$

B
0

→
J
/
ψ
K
π

decays and can also be seamlessly adapted for other similar analyses. The GooFit fitter, running on GPUs, shows a remarkable improvement in the computing speed compared to a ROOT/RooFit implementation of the same analysis running on multi-core CPU clusters. Furthermore, it shows sensitivity to components with small contributions to the overall fit. It has the potential to be a powerful tool for sensitive and computationally intensive physics analyses.
Assessment of naive indolent lymphoma using whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted MRI: results of a prospective study in 30 patients
Authors: Hong Gil-Sun , Chae Eun Jin , Ryu Jin-Sook , Chae Sun Young , Lee Hyo Sang , Yoon Dok Hyun , Suh Cheolwon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic utility of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression and T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery MRI (WB-DWIBS/STIR) for the pretherapeutic staging of indolent lymphoma in 30 patients.

Methods
This prospective study included 30 treatment-naive patients with indolent lymphomas who underwent WB-DWIBS/STIR and conventional imaging workup plus biopsy. The pretherapeutic staging agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of WB-DWIBS/STIR were investigated with reference to the multimodality and multidisciplinary consensus review for nodal and extranodal lesions excluding bone marrow.

Results
In the pretherapeutic staging, WB-DWIBS/STIR showed very good agreement (κ = 0.96; confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.00), high sensitivity (93.4–95.1%), and high specificity (99.0–99.4%) for the whole-body regions. These results were similar to those of 18F-FDG-PET/CT, except for the sensitivity for extranodal lesions. For extranodal lesions, WB-DWIBS/STIR showed higher sensitivity compared to 18F-FDG-PET/CT for the whole-body regions (94.9–96.8% vs. 79.6–86.3%, P = 0.058).

Conclusion
WB-DWIBS/STIR is an effective modality for the pretherapeutic staging of indolent lymphoma, and it has benefits when evaluating extranodal lesions, compared with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
Design and implementation of a maxi-sized mobile robot (Karo) for rescue missions
Authors: Habibian Soheil , Dadvar Mehdi , Peykari Behzad , Hosseini Alireza , Salehzadeh M. Hossein , Hosseini Alireza H. M. , Najafi Farshid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRescue robots are expected to carry out reconnaissance and dexterity operations in unknown environments comprising unstructured obstacles. Although a wide variety of designs and implementations have been presented within the field of rescue robotics, embedding all mobility, dexterity, and reconnaissance capabilities in a single robot remains a challenging problem. This paper explains the design and implementation of Karo, a mobile robot that exhibits a high degree of mobility at the side of maintaining required dexterity and exploration capabilities for urban search and rescue (USAR) missions. We first elicit the system requirements of a standard rescue robot from the frameworks of Rescue Robot League (RRL) of RoboCup and then, propose the conceptual design of Karo by drafting a locomotion and manipulation system. Considering that, this work presents comprehensive design processes along with detail mechanical design of the robot’s platform and its 7-DOF manipulator. Further, we present the design and implementation of the command and control system by discussing the robot’s power system, sensors, and hardware systems. In conjunction with this, we elucidate the way that Karo’s software system and human–robot interface are implemented and employed. Furthermore, we undertake extensive evaluations of Karo’s field performance to investigate whether the principal objective of this work has been satisfied. We demonstrate that Karo has effectively accomplished assigned standardized rescue operations by evaluating all aspects of its capabilities in both RRL’s test suites and training suites of a fire department. Finally, the comprehensiveness of Karo’s capabilities has been verified by drawing quantitative comparisons between Karo’s performance and other leading robots participating in RRL.
Comparison of feasibility, time consumption and costs of three virtual planning systems for surgical correction of midfacial deficiency
Authors: Willinger Katrin , Guevara-Rojas Godoberto , Cede Julia , Schicho Kurt , Stamm Tanja , Klug Clemens 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Today virtual surgical planning (VSP) is a standard method in maxillofacial corrective surgery and is the key to reach satisfactory esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate usability of three established virtual surgical planning software applications by comparing feasibility, time consumption, and costs in a standardized workflow for a modified intraoral quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy (IQLFIIO).

Results
A cross-sectional study was performed based on retrospective and re-planned data of patients with midfacial deficiency treated by modified IQLFIIO, using three software applications: IPS Case Designer ®, Dolphin Imaging ®, and ProPlan CMF ®. Feasibility: All evaluated steps of the VSP procedure could be successfully performed in all three evaluated applications. In all software packages, it was possible to design the surgical splints with CAD/CAM technology. Working time: The mean value of time needed was IPS Case Designer ®, 36.5 min; Dolphin Imaging ®, 33.6 min; ProPlan CMF ®, 45.5 min. We found statistical significant difference between ProPlan CMF ® and Dolphin Imaging ® (p value, 0.02). Costs: Asset costs for acquiring the software, license fee, license possibilities, paying for support services, and service contracts were evaluated and are found in similar ranges.

Conclusion
All three tested software applications are usable for virtual planning of an IQLFIIO and splint production by CAD/CAM technology. Successful movement of bone segments and overlaying soft tissues proved feasibility. Time consumption and costs were found in similar ranges.
Renovascular hypertension in children
Authors: Patel Premal Amrishkumar , Cahill Anne Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaediatric hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile for age, sex and height is often incidentally diagnosed. Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is responsible for 5–25% of hypertension in children. Renal artery stenosis and middle aortic syndrome can both can be associated with various conditions such as fibromuscular dysplasia, Williams syndrome & Neurofibromatosis type 1. This paper discusses the approaches to diagnosis and interventional management and outcomes of renovascular hypertension in children. Angiography is considered the gold standard in establishing the diagnosis of renovascular disease in children. Angioplasty is beneficial in the majority of patients and generally repeated angioplasty is considered more appropriate than stenting. Surgical options should first be considered before placing a stent unless there is an emergent requirement. Given the established safety and success of endovascular intervention, at most institutions it remains the preferred treatment option.