bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infestations
Authors: Elston Dirk 
Published: January 2021

This review looks at parasitic diseases of the skin. Scabies, caused by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), and pediculosis, caused by the bloodsucking louse, are the most prevalent parasitic diseases in temperate regions. For treatment of scabies, ivermectin is suitable for mass drug administration during severe outbreaks, although patients with heavy scabies infestation may exhibit Mazzotti reactions during treatment with oral ivermectin. Another promising scabicide is Tinospora cordifolia lotion. The increase in global travel has also meant a worldwide increase in parasitic disorders endemic to tropical regions; these disorders include cutaneous larva migrans, pyodermas, arthropod-reactive dermatitis, myiasis, tungiasis, urticaria, and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Finally, patients with delusional parasitosis will express the belief that parasitical organisms are infesting their skin. Pimozide, an antipsychotic, has been successfully used to treat delusional parasitosis.
This module contains 16 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 15 references, and 5 MCQs.
Autoimmune Hepatitis/Overlap Syndromes
Authors: Czaja Albert J 
Published: January 2021

When autoimmune hepatitis has features of primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis, these mixed clinical phenotypes constitute overlap syndromes. Diagnostic criteria have been promulgated, but clinical judgement and liver tissue examination remain cornerstones of diagnosis. Cholestatic laboratory and histological findings, concurrent inflammatory bowel disease, or non-response to conventional corticosteroid therapy compel practitioners to consider overlap in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Laboratory indices of marked liver inflammation and histological findings of moderate to severe interface hepatitis, especially with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, also warrant consideration of overlap in patients with primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitits. Treatment recommendations to date have been based on weak clinical evidence, and disease management should be individualized and guided by the predominant disease component. Prednisone or prednisolone in combination with azathioprine has been used in patients with predominantly autoimmune hepatitis, whereas low dose ursodeoxycholic acid in conjunction with corticosteroid-based regimens has been recommended in syndromes with predominately cholestatic disease. All treatments have been variably effective, especially in patients with overlapping features of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mycophenolate mofetil and calcineurin inhibitors have been used as salvage therapies in limited experiences, and liver transplantation has been associated with graft and overall survivals similar to those of the classical unmixed diseases.
This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables and 50 references
Keywords: autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, overlap, cholestatic laboratory and histological features
Drugs of Abuse
Authors: Zuckerman Matthew D , Babu Kavita 
Published: January 2021

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen.

This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references
Difficult to Treat (Refractory) Chronic Migraine: Outpatient Approaches
Authors: Robbins Lawrence 
Published: January 2021

This comprehensive review addresses the many challenges in treating refractory migraine. Issues relating to pathophysiology are covered. A unique “refractory scale for migraine patients” is introduced. The definition and role of medication overuse headache are presented with a much different perspective than is usually found. Issues outside of medication that are covered include active coping, acceptance, resilience, and catastrophizing. A number of outpatient treatments are thoroughly discussed. These include the role of onabotulinum toxin, the application of polypharmacy, when to employ sphenopalatine ganglion blocks, the role of occipital and trigger-point injections, the implementation of long-acting opioids, the advantages of stimulants, and the possible use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Miscellaneous approaches include muscle relaxants, nasal or intravenous ketamine, transcranial magnetic stimulation, memantine, and ergonovine. Finally, many cutting-edge “refractory clinical pearls” are listed.
This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 25 references.
Key Words: Headache, migraine, chronic, refractory, medication overuse, alternative, treatments
Diabeloop DBLG1 Closed-Loop System Enables Patients With Type 1 Diabetes to Significantly Improve Their Glycemic Control in Real-Life Situations Without Serious Adverse Events: 6-Month Follow-up
Authors: Amadou Coralie , Franc Sylvia , Benhamou Pierre-Yves , Lablanche Sandrine , Huneker Erik , Charpentier Guillaume , Penfornis Alfred 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
To analyze safety and efficacy of the Diabeloop Generation 1 (DBLG1) hybrid closed-loop artificial pancreas system in patients with type 1 diabetes in real-world conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After a 1-week run-in period with their usual pump, 25 patients were provided the commercial DBLG1 system. The results are presented on time in range (TIR) and HbA1c over 6 months.

RESULTS
The mean (SD; range) age of patients was 43 (13.8; 25–72) years. At baseline, the mean HbA1c and TIR 70–180 mg/dL were, respectively, 7.9% (0.93; 5.6–8.5%) [63 mmol/mol (10; 38–69 mmol/mol)] and 53% (16.4; 21–85%). One patient stopped using the system after 2 months. At 6 months, the mean HbA1c decreased to 7.1% [54 mmol/mol] (P &lt; 0.001) and TIR 70–180 mg/dL increased to 69.7% (P &lt; 0.0001). TIR &lt;70 mg/dL decreased from 2.4 to 1.3% (P = 0.03), and TIR &lt;54 mg/dL decreased from 0.32 to 0.24% (P = 0.42). No serious adverse event was reported during the study.

CONCLUSIONS
The ability of the DBLG1 system to significantly improve glycemic control in real-world conditions, without serious adverse events, was confirmed in this follow-up study.
Kompetansebegrepets uklarhet i møte med barnevernets komplekse handlingsrom
Authors: Tresselt Margrethe Amalie , Borgerød Grethe M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Governmental documents must provide guidance and knowledge for social workers with a focus on child care. They must describe legislative changes, meet employee expectations and evaluate any reforms. To do so, it is important that the language and use of any concepts are interpreted in the same way. One of the terms used by the government in Norway is the word ‘competence’, which intends to describe to employees in social care services their tasks. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight challenges related to governmental use of the concept of the word ‘competence’. The term is used frequently, in the assumption that there is a common and equal interpretation of the word.
Method: This study is a text analysis of relevant governmental documents published from 2014. The purpose of this method is to create structured data out of the documents.
Theory: The study applies the perspectives of hermeneutics and phenomenology, combined with the organizational theories by Skau (2017) and Røvik (2007).
Result: We have three findings concerning the term ‘competence’. The first is that the term is barely defined. The second is that the term is used without a proper structure. The third is that there are few governmental documents that are aimed specifically at child health care workers.
Conclusion: This study shows that the term ‘competence’, which is used frequently in various contexts, lacks proper definition. This may lead to confusion and misunderstanding with respect to governmental directions and intents versus professional job execution amongst employees at social care services in Norway.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRI PADA MATERI METODE ILMIAH
Authors: Anom I Putu Gede 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara di Kelas X IPA 4 yang kemampuan peserta didiknya untuk mata pelajaran kimia rendah.Tujuan penulisan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inquiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia kelas X IPA 4.Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Model Pembelajaran Inquiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia kelas X IPA 4 semester 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada Awalnya rata-rata 54,26 , Siklus I naik menjadi 66,21 dan pada Siklus II naik menjadi 81,31Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Model Pembelajaran Inquiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia kelas X IPA 4 semester 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.
EFIKASI CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LECANICILLIUM LECANII TERHADAP BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) PADA KEDELAI
Authors: Prayogo Yusmani 
Published: January 2021

Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii to Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Soybean. Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests on soybean, because in addition to direct damage also as vectors of viruses and stimulated the growth of sooty mold. The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii to control B. tabaci carried out at Muneng field research station of Probolinggo in June until September 2012. Research using a split plot design, the main plot is two soybean varieties, namely Argomulyo and Wilis. Subplot is the time application of fungi L. lecanii with conidia densities of 107 and 109/ml. The results showed that Argomulyo more preferred by B. tabaci compared Wilis variety. Nine times application of L. lecanii using 107/ml conidia densities were applied every week the started on 14-70 days after planting (DAP) was able to suppress of B. tabaci in the field. However, planting Wilis varieties with nine times application of L. lecanii using conidia densities 109/ml were recommended. Controlling of B. tabaci on Argomulyo variety use L. lecanii or lamda sihalotrin showed no significantly due to the result seed weight is lower than compare with Wilis untreated. Application of L. lecanii use with the highest conidia densities (109/ml), no negative effect to the survival on survival of various predators; i.e. Coccinella sp., Oxyopes sp. and Paederus sp. Therefore, L. lecanii most likely to be used as an effective biopesticide agent to control of B. tabaci and as substitute to chemical insecticides.
Local Bifurcations of Reversible Piecewise Smooth Planar Dynamical Systems
Authors: Roitenberg V. Sh. 
Published: January 2021

There are quite a few works, which consider local bifurcations of piecewise-smooth vector fields on the plane. A number of papers also studied the local bifurcations of smooth vector fields on the plane that are reversible with respect to involution. In the paper, we introduce reversible dynamical systems defined by piecewise-smooth vector fields on the coordinate plane (x, y) for which the discontinuity line y = 0 coincides with the set of fixed points of the system involution. We consider the generic one-parameter perturbations of such a vector field. The bifurcations of the singular point O lying on this line are described in two cases. In the first case, the point O is a rough saddle of the smooth vector fields that coincide with a piecewise smooth vector field in the half-planes y > 0 and y < 0. The parameter can be chosen so that for parameter values less than or equal to zero, the dynamical system has a unique singular point with four hyperbolic sectors in a vicinity of the point O. For positive values of the parameter in the vicinity of the point O, there are three singular points, a quasi-centre and two saddles, the separatrixes of which form a simple closed contour that bounds the cell from closed trajectories. In the second case, O is a rough node of the corresponding vector fields. The parameter can be chosen so that for values of the parameter less than or equal to zero, the dynamical system has a unique singular point in a vicinity of the point O, and all other trajectories are closed. For positive values of the parameter in the vicinity of the point O, there are three singular points, two nodes and a quasi-saddle, whose two separatrixes go to the nodes.
Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer Processes in a Solid With Spherical Layer-type Inclusion to Absorb Penetrating Radiation
Authors: Attetkov A. V. , Volkov I. K. , Gaydaenko K. A. 
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with determining a temperature field of an isotropic solid with inclusion represented as a spherical layer that absorbing penetrating radiation. A hierarchy of simplified analogues of the basic model of the heat transfer process in the system under study was developed, including a “refined model of concentrated capacity”, a “concentrated capacity” model, and a “truncated model of concentrated capacity”. Each of the mathematical models of the hierarchy is a mixed problem for a second-order partial differential equation of the parabolic type with a specific boundary condition that actually takes into account the spherical layer available in the system under study.The use of the Laplace integral transform and the well-known theorems of operational calculus in analytically closed form enabled us to find solutions to the corresponding problems of unsteady heat conduction. The “concentrated capacitance” model was in detail analysed with the object under study subjected to the radiation flux of constant density. This model is associated with a thermally thin absorbing inclusion in the form of a spherical layer. It is shown that it allows us to submit the problem solution of unsteady heat conduction in the analytical form, which is the most convenient in terms of both its practical implementation and a theoretical assessment of the influence, the spherical layer width has on the temperature field of the object under study.Sufficient conditions are determined under which the temperature field of the analysed system can be identified with a given accuracy through the simplified analogues of the basic mathematical model. For simplified analogues of the basic model, the paper presents theoretical estimates of the maximum possible error when determining the radiated temperature field.
The Third Boundary Value Problem for a Loaded Thermal Conductivity Equation with a Fractional Caputo Derivative
Authors: Beshtokov M. Kh. , Khudalov M. Z. 
Published: January 2021

Recently, to describe various mathematical models of physical processes, fractional differential calculus has been widely used. In this regard, much attention is paid to partial differential equations of fractional order, which are a generalization of partial differential equations of integer order. In this case, various settings are possible.Loaded differential equations in the literature are called equations containing values of a solution or its derivatives on manifolds of lower dimension than the dimension of the definitional domain of the desired function. Currently, numerical methods for solving loaded partial differential equations of integer and fractional (porous media) orders are widely used, since analytical solving methods for solving are impossible.In the paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem for the loaded differential heat equation with a fractional Caputo derivative and conditions of the third kind. To solve the problem on the assumption that there is an exact solution in the class of sufficiently smooth functions by the method of energy inequalities, a priori estimates are obtained both in the differential and difference interpretations. The obtained inequalities mean the uniqueness of the solution and the continuous dependence of the solution on the input data of the problem. Due to the linearity of the problem under consideration, these inequalities allow us to state the convergence of the approximate solution to the exact solution at a rate equal to the approximation order of the difference scheme. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem is constructed.
Mathematical Single-Player Computer Game Model to Reproduce Duel Fight of Tanks
Authors: Serdukov V. I. , Serdyukova N. A. , Shishkina S. I. 
Published: January 2021

In improving computer games, which reproduce a battle of tanks, two tasks can be distinguished: increasing a collection of game tools to represent virtual prototypes of real tank models and ensuring a realistic game. To solve these problems, a tool is necessary that allows us to compare gaming capabilities of virtual tank brands with combat capabilities of their real prototypes. A mathematical model of a computer game that reproduces a duel battle of tanks can be used as the tool. The specified model satisfies the following requirements: the sequence of operations reproduced in the model is in line with the sequence of operations implemented by the player in the course of the game; the maximum amount of ammunition that a tank can use in a model must correspond to the amount of tank ammunition. The duel lasts until one of the tanks is hit, or until all the gunshots available to hit the enemy are expended. It is necessary to find the probabilities of possible outcomes of a duel battle, the mathematical expectation of its duration, the mathematical expectation of the ammunition consumption of each side.The solution to the problem is obtained by constructing a mathematical model according to the scheme of Markov random process with discrete states and continuous time. It is implemented as a program for a model of a duel battle of tanks and can be used when developing a computer game of the genre of tank simulators to assess the gaming capabilities of the virtual tanks in a duel battle from the data on the amount of their ammunition and on the intensity of the game process transition from one state to another; for selecting the intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, based on the data on the estimated game capabilities of virtual tanks in a duel battle. Thus, game participants can use this model to conduct their own research. Developers of computer games can use it for setting up the game and setting such intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, at which the gaming capabilities of virtual tanks will correspond to the combat capabilities of their real prototypes on the battlefield.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PARIWISATA PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDUNG MELALUI PROGRAM CO-WORKING SPACE
Authors: Sjaida Gheya Madinatu 
Published: January 2021

Pariwisata Indonesia semakin menunjukkan daya saingnya dari waktu ke waktu. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan posisi Indonesia yang mengalami kenaikan ke peringkat 40 dari 140 negara di dunia dalam kategori Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index(TTCI) pada tahun 2019. Prestasi ini diperoleh karena Indonesia terus mengadakan pembenahan dan pembangunan di masing-masing daerah. Salah satu kota yang turut ambil bagian dalam pembangunan pariwisata Indonesia adalah Bandung. Ibukota provinsi Jawa Barat ini semakin menarik perhatian wisatawan. Salah satu program yang dikembangkan saat ini adalah co-working space yaitu sebuah ruangan kerja sama yang ditujukan untuk mengembangkan kemandirian masyarakat dan meningkatkan perekonomian daerah dengan memanfaatkan potensi daerah setempat. Strategi komunikasi adalah paduan dari perencanaan komunikasi (communication planning) dan manajemen komunikasi (communication management) untuk mencapai suatu tujuan (Effendi, 1993: 301). Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan co-working space di Kota Bandung menjadi sarana komunikasi yang diharapkan mampu menunjang pembangunan potensi pariwisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan strategi komunikasi pariwisata yang dilakukan Pemerintahan Kota Bandung untuk membangkitkan potensi wisata baru, memunculkan kemandirian dan meningkatkan perekonomian daerah. Kata Kunci: Strategi Komunikasi, Komunikasi Pariwisata
PERENCANAAN LANSKAP UNTUK PELESTARIAN KAWASAN WISATA DANAU LIMBOTO, GORONTALO (STUDI KASUS SUB-DAS PAYUNGA)
Authors: Kasim Rizkaf Zulfikar 
Published: January 2021

Danau Limboto merupakan danau besar yang terletak di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Danau dengan luas sekitar 3.000 hektar ini merupakan muara dari lima sungai besar, yakni Sungai Bone Bolango, Sungai Alo, Sungai Daenaa, Sungai Bionga, dan Sungai Molalahu. Danau Limboto memiliki peran penting bagi masyarakat Provinsi Gorontalo khususnya pesisir danau. Beberapa fungsi Danau Limboto antara lain;(1) sumber ekonomi masyarakat pesisir danau, (2) reservoir alami limpasan air dari Daerah Tangkapan Airnya, (3) sumber potensial air bersih, (4) sumber keanekaragaman hayati, dan (5) taman wisata danau. Dengan permasalahan penyusutan dan pendangkalan yang terus terjadi setiap tahunnya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap suatu ekosistem danau dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis daya dukung serta daya tampung dari kawasan sekitar danau limboto dengan pendekatan ekologi guna melestarikan kawasan wisata danau limboto sebagai suatu destinasi yang berkelanjutan. Perencanaan Lanskap untuk pelestarian kawasan wisata danau akan dituangkan dalam penataan lanskap sub-wilayah, yaitu pemukiman, perkebunan/pertanian, dan hutan.Kata kunci; Danau, ekologi, pelestarian
PENGARUH E-MARKETING SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI POTENSI PARIWISATA ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DI SAUNG ANGKLUNG UDJO
Authors: Pramadika Nurul Rochmah 
Published: January 2021

Revolusi industri 4.0 merupakan fenomena yang mengkolaborasi antara teknologi cyber dengan konsep penerapannya tidak memerlukan tenaga kerja manusia dalam aplikasi prosesnya. Pemasaran di dunia bisnis pariwisata dengan menggunakan teknologi akan sangat membantu penyedia jasa memberikan gambaran produk terhadap calon klien mereka. Digitalisasi media yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pemasaran ini harus dilakukan secara efesien dan efektif,oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini e-marketing diangkat sebagai topik karena dinilai sebagai salah satu cara aksi pemasaran yang dapat membantu berperan dalam promosi pariwisata. Dengan bermunculan atraksi dan daya tarik wisata yang baru dan menarik di kota Bandung, apakah akan berdampak pada motivasi kunjungan wisatawan ke Saung Angklung Udjo. Maka dari itu penulis mengidentifikasi daya tarik wisata yang terdiri dari potensi. EMarketingmembantu dalam memberikan gambaran potensi pariwisata kepada wisatawan baik mancanegara maupun domestikKata kunci; E-Marketing, digitalisasi, teknologi , potensi