bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grip strength performance from 9431 participants of the GenoFit study: normative data and associated factors
Authors: Pratt Jedd , De Vito Giuseppe , Narici Marco , Segurado Ricardo , Dolan Jackie , Conroy Judith , Boreham Colin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Weak grip strength is a strong predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes and an integral diagnostic component of sarcopenia. However, the limited availability of normative data for certain populations impedes the interpretation of grip performance across adulthood. This study aimed to establish normative data and low grip strength thresholds in a large adult population, and to examine associations between grip strength and clinically relevant health variables. A total of 9431 adults aged between 18 and 92 years participated in this study (mean age: 44.8 ± 13.4 years; 57% females). Grip strength, body composition, and cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness were assessed using hand dynamometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical work capacity tests, respectively. Low grip strength was established according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Normative data and t-scores, stratified by sex and age groups, are presented. Grip performance was associated with lean mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat mass, CR fitness, bone mineral density (BMD), android/gynoid ratio, disease prevalence and physical activity levels (all p < 0.001) after controlling for multiple potential confounders. Individuals with weak grip strength had lower lean mass, SMI, CR fitness (all p < 0.001) and BMD (p = 0.001), and higher disease prevalence (p < 0.001), compared to healthy controls, although sex-specific differences were observed. Grip strength has practical screening utility across a range of health domains. The normative data and grip strength thresholds established in this study can guide the clinical interpretation of grip performance and facilitate timely therapeutic strategies targeting sarcopenia.
Above and beyond meat: the role of consumers’ dietary behavior for the purchase of plant-based food substitutes
Authors: Kopplin Cristopher Siegfried , Rausch Theresa Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShrinking meat intake levels and simultaneously increasing consumption of plant-based products among consumers suggest that consumers’ dietary behavior implies the purchase of plant-based food substitutes. We contribute to the literature by investigating the most important determinants of consumers’ dietary behavior and attitude towards plant-based food substitutes and whether consumers’ dietary behavior is of relevance for the attitude towards plant-based food substitutes. Data of 1,363 consumers was used for structural equation modeling as well as necessary condition analysis. Consumers’ dietary behavior is found to play only a minor role in attitude formation towards plant-based food substitutes. Dietary behavior is primarily influenced by animal welfare concerns. We did not find environmental concerns, consumers’ perceived effectiveness, and health consciousness to influence dietary behavior. However, as consumers associate a high standard of animal welfare with healthiness and food safety, following a plant-based diet due to animal welfare concerns might be an altruistic pretext for health consciousness as an egoistic motive.
When do service suppliers leave their platform?—The role of friendships
Authors: Rossmannek Oliver 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlatform organizations connect suppliers with customers. A key success factor for these organizations is the maintenance of a stable base of loyal suppliers. Interpersonal relationships (i.e., friendships) seem to be an ideal measure of suppliers’ loyalty, as the literature generally indicates that friendships within organizations decrease turnover intention. However, platforms are not fully comparable to traditional organizations, and the correlation between friendships and suppliers’ turnover intention is more complicated for platforms. To demonstrate that, this study analyzed a unique dataset from the music industry. The sample included 101 techno DJs (i.e., service suppliers) from 61 booking agencies (i.e., service platforms). The findings show that service suppliers’ turnover intention is considerably lower when they maintain friendships with the platform’s employees. However, friendships with other suppliers who use the same platform do not affect turnover intention. Managers of service platforms could use the results and suggestions of this paper to adapt their management practices to better suit their service suppliers.
Anatomical Joint Form Variation in Sacroiliac Joint Disease: Current Concepts and New Perspectives
Authors: Ziegeler Katharina , Hermann Kay Geert A. , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this article is to further the understanding of anatomical variation of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) within the rheumatological community and point out promising fields of research in the interplay of SIJ anatomy and joint disease.

Recent Findings
Mechanical strain has long been implicated in onset and progression of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Recent investigations found changes in the pattern of degenerative lesions of the SIJ in the normal population in patients with atypical joint forms. Furthermore, atypical SIJ forms are more prevalent in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and mechanical SIJ disease.

Summary
Mechanical stress from anatomical joint form variation may have an impact on development and progression of axSpA. Furthermore, mechanically induced bone marrow edema may act as an axSpA mimic on MRI and needs to be more accurately classified.
Work on the cutting edge: metallographic investigation of Late Bronze Age tools in southeastern Lower Austria
Authors: Mödlinger Marianne , Trebsche Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses 20 Late Bronze Age (ca 1080–800 BC) copper alloy objects to discern their manufacture and the skills of local craftsmen. Several tools and jewellery were studied that originated from a bronze workshop located immediately next to the Prigglitz-Gasteil copper ore mining site and several contemporaneous sites in the surrounding area. The samples were studied with optical microscopy (microstructurally), and SEM-EDXS and XRF (chemical analyses). Our analyses are part of a larger study and suggest that the Prigglitz region’s bronze production was not standardized. Particular alloys do not seem to have been chosen for object types or due to their intended use-function. Notably, approximately 20% of the objects contain unalloyed copper inclusions, which are most likely a result of the incomplete mixing of scrap metals and alloys during their production.
Nutrigenetic comparison of two Varroa-resistant honey bee stocks fed pollen and spirulina microalgae
Authors: Ricigliano Vincent A , Ihle Kate E , Williams Steven T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe tested the influence of genetic variation on responses to natural and artificial diets in Varroa-resistant Pol-line and Russian honey bee stocks. Newly emerged workers from six colonies per stock were fed pollen, spirulina (blue-green microalgae), and sucrose-only diets in 144 total cages. Diet type had a strong effect on sugar intake, body weight, fat body lipid content, and vitellogenin (vg) expression. Spirulina consumption was approximately half that of pollen, but led to higher head weights, equivalent thorax weights and vg levels, and marginally reduced fat body lipids. Bee stock and colony had a significant impact on nutritional response. Despite equivalent diet intakes, Pol-line bees accumulated higher lipid levels and consumed less sugar overall than Russian bees. Furthermore, pollen-fed bees sourced from Pol-line colonies had significantly higher vg levels. These differences in nutrient and energy allocation may reflect life history-related physiological tradeoffs. Our results suggest that genotype-dependent nutritional responses are present in honey bees, with promising implications for breeding efforts and tailored approaches to diet and health in a changing global climate.
Clinical features of gastroenteritis during a large waterborne Campylobacter outbreak in Askøy, Norway
Authors: Emberland Knut Erik , Wensaas K.-A. , Litleskare S. , Iversen A. , Hanevik K. , Langeland N. , Rortveit G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Outbreaks of Campylobacter infection are common, but studies exploring the clinical features of acute illness in the outbreak setting are scarce in existing literature. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of self-reported acute illness in gastroenteritis cases during a large waterborne Campylobacter outbreak in Askøy municipality, Norway, in 2019.

Methods
A web-based self-administered questionnaire, and invitation to participate was sent by the municipality of Askøy as text message to mobile phones using the municipality’s warning system to the inhabitants during the ongoing outbreak.

Results
Out of 3624 participants, 749 (20.7%) were defined as cases, of which 177 (23.6%) reported severe gastroenteritis. The most common symptoms were loose stools (90.7%), abdominal pain (89.3%) and diarrhea (88.9%), whereas 63.8% reported fever, 50.2% joint pain and 14.2% bloody stools. Tiredness, a symptom non-specific to gastroenteritis, was the overall most common symptom (91.2%).

Conclusion
About one in four of the cases reported symptoms consistent with severe gastroenteritis. We found more joint pain and less bloody stools than reported in published studies of laboratory confirmed campylobacteriosis cases. Tiredness was common in the current study, although rarely described in previous literature of acute illness in the outbreak setting.
A safe and easy-to-use ultrasound-guided hydrodissection technique for the carpal tunnel syndrome: a minimally invasive approach
Authors: Mathieu Thomas , Lemmens Els , Stassijns Gaëtane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), compression of the median nerve lying deep under the flexor retinaculum, is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. After a failure of conservative treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and splinting, interventional techniques are required. Hydrodissection is an injection technique that separates the nerve from the surrounding tissue. Although this technique is gaining ground in modern medicine, the state-of-the-art literature is lacking a clear protocol or approach for hydrodissection for CTS. In this article, we describe a safe, minimally invasive, effective, and easy-to-use ultrasound-guided hydrodissection technique for CTS.
“Even the NGOs Never Talk About Ufiti [Witchcraft]”: a Decolonial and Feminist Cultural Psychological Analysis of Individualized Development Clashing with Communal Ways of Being
Authors: Adolfsson Johanna Sofia , Moss Sigrun Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConducting a multi-sited psychology study on how Malawian participants perceive Western-oriented non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) gendered development approaches, it became apparent that perceptions of ufiti (the Malawian term for what loosely translates as witchcraft in English)—and its gendered inclination—was highly relevant. As in many parts of the world, people in Malawi may relate themselves and their social world in connection to spiritual and supernatural dimensions, manifested in practices and discourses often closely linked to communal norms and values. Many international NGOs in Malawi run individualized development initiatives, often particularly focusing on women and girls’ personal empowerment. When local communal ways of experiencing and knowing are not taken account for in the NGOs’ interventions, this indiviualized approach can spur interpersonal resentment, and in worst-case ufiti assaults. This article explores the link between individualized development incentives and perceptions of ufiti. Using decolonial and feminist cultural psychology as a lens, we ask how the individualized focus of the NGOs plays out in Malawi, and what negative and unintended consequences individualized interventions can lead to. Our results indicate the need for contextually grounded and informed development approaches, to avoid that effort to empower individual women and girls lead to their disempowerment, social disruption, and ufiti accusations and assaults. The article speaks to the need for decolonial and feminist cultural psychological approaches that consider subjective intentional worlds.
Temperature dependence of nanosecond charge recombination in mutant Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers: modelling of the protein dynamics
Authors: Gibasiewicz Krzysztof , Pajzderska Maria , Białek Rafał , Jones Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigated the influence of a range of factors—temperature, redox midpoint potential of an electron carrier, and protein dynamics—on nanosecond electron transfer within a protein. The model reaction was back electron transfer from a bacteriopheophytin anion, HA−, to an oxidized primary electron donor, P+, in a wild type Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center (RC) with a permanently reduced secondary electron acceptor (quinone, QA−). Also used were two modified RCs with single amino acid mutations near the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll, BA, located between P and HA. Both mutant RCs showed significant slowing down of this back electron transfer reaction with decreasing temperature, similar to that observed with the wild type RC, but contrasting with a number of single point mutant RCs studied previously. The observed similarities and differences are explained in the framework of a (P+BA− ↔ P+HA−) equilibrium model with an important role played by protein relaxation. The major cause of the observed temperature dependence, both in the wild type RC and in the mutant proteins, is a limitation in access to the thermally activated pathway of charge recombination via the state P+BA− at low temperatures. The data indicate that in all RCs both charge recombination pathways, the thermally activated one and a direct one without involvement of the P+BA− state, are controlled by the protein dynamics. It is concluded that the modifications of the protein environment affect the overall back electron transfer kinetics primarily by changing the redox potential of BA and not by changing the protein relaxation dynamics.
Escalated dose donor lymphocyte infusion treatment in patients with primary immune deficiencies after HSCT with reduced-intensity conditioning regimen
Authors: Ali Tahani , Behfar Maryam , Mohseni Rashin , Salajegheh Pourya , Kheder Maged , Abou-Fakher Faihaa , Nikfetrat Zeynab , Jafari Fahimeh , Naji Parisa , Hamidieh Amir Ali 
Published: July 2021

Objective/Background:
Mixed chimerism is a major concern after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen in primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). A donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) escalating dose regimen has been developed with the aim of reducing toxicity while preserving efficacy. However, the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) development remains the most common and adverse effect of DLI and continues to be a limiting factor in its application, especially nonmalignant diseases such as PIDs. We prospectively evaluated PID patients after HSCT using RIC in Children s Medical Center, who were candidates for an escalating dose of DLI for MC from 2016 to 2018.

Methods:
With the median follow-up of 16.4 months, 12 patients (nine males and three females) with a median age of 3.72 years received DLI. The median number of DLI was 3.2 (range, 1–5), the maximum and total dose of DLIs administered per patient were 3.6 × 107 (range, 1–5) cells/kg CD3+ and 9.3 × 107 (range, 1–15) cells/kg CD3+ cells, respectively.

Results:
Median donor chimerism at baseline before the DLIs was 41% (range, 11–73%), patients received DLIs at a median of 105 (range, 37–230) days and 52 (range, 3–168) days after the HSCT and onset of the MC, respectively. At the final assessment, six (54.5%) patients improved after DLIs at a median of 47.3 days.

Conclusion:
PID patients may benefit from DLI with an escalating dose regimen, but the GvHD development remains a concern during the DLI, and the optimum dose and frequency must be standardized.
African Studies Keyword: Democracy
Authors: Cheeseman Nic , Sishuwa Sishuwa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDemocracy is one of the most contested words in the English language. In Africa, these complexities are compounded by the question of whether democracy is a colonial imposition. Cheeseman and Sishuwa provide a historiography of debates around democracy, track how these narratives have developed over time, and argue that there is widespread public support for a form of what they call “consensual democracy.” This is not to say that democracy is universally loved, but despite the controversy it remains one of the most compelling ideals in political life, even in countries in which it is has yet to be realized.
Vertical and Horizontal Agency Problems in Private Firms: Ownership Structure and Operating Performance
Authors: Gogineni Sridhar , Linn Scott C. , Yadav Pradeep K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate how ownership structure influences operating performance and implied agency costs. Our sample includes over 42,000 U.K. private and public firms. We document several new results of considerable economic significance relating to i) horizontal agency costs arising from unequal ownership within private firms, ii) amplification of agency costs from joint presence within the same firm of horizontal agency problems and vertical agency problems arising from separation of ownership and control, iii) mitigation in agency costs wrought by a second large shareholder, iv) impact of complex ownership structures, and v) agency cost differences between public firms and comparable private firms.
Prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months: A longitudinal study
Authors: Provenzi Livio , Grumi Serena , Altieri Lilia , Bensi Giulia , Bertazzoli Emanuela , Biasucci Giacomo , Cavallini Anna , Decembrino Lidia , Falcone Rossana , Freddi Anna , Gardella Barbara , Giacchero Roberta , Giorda Roberto , Grossi Elena , Guerini Paola , Magnani Maria Luisa , Martelli Paola , Motta Mario , Nacinovich Renata , Pantaleo Dario , Pisoni Camilla , Prefumo Federico , Riva Laura , Scelsa Barbara , Spartà Maria V. , Spinillo Arsenio , Vergani Patrizia , Orcesi Simona , Borgatti Renato ,   MOM-COPE Study Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global traumatic experience for citizens, especially during sensitive time windows of heightened plasticity such as pregnancy and neonatal life. Pandemic-related stress experienced by mothers during pregnancy may act as an early risk factor for infants’ regulatory capacity development by altering maternal psychosocial well-being (e.g., increased anxiety, reduced social support) and caregiving environment (e.g., greater parenting stress, impaired mother–infant bonding). The aim of the present longitudinal study was to assess the consequences of pandemic-related prenatal stress on infants’ regulatory capacity. A sample of 163 mother–infant dyads was enrolled at eight maternity units in northern Italy. They provided complete data about prenatal stress, perceived social support, postnatal anxiety symptoms, parenting stress, mother–infant bonding, and infants’ regulatory capacity at 3 months of age. Women who experienced emotional stress and received partial social support during pregnancy reported higher anxious symptoms. Moreover, maternal postnatal anxiety was indirectly linked to the infants’ regulatory capacity at 3 months, mediated by parenting stress and mother–infant bonding. Dedicated preventive interventions should be delivered to mothers and should be focused on protecting the mother–infant dyad from the detrimental effects of pandemic-related stress during the COVID-19 healthcare emergency.
Prevalence of childhood anaemia in Brazil: still a serious health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Ued Fábio da Veiga , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , Ferraz Ivan Savioli , Contini Andrea Aparecida , Cruz Franciele Carolina Soares da , Silva Raquel Farias Barreto , Nogueira-de-Almeida Maria Eduarda , Lamounier Joel Alves 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian children up to 83·9 months old.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis, using databases PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Periódicos Capes, Arca, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Microsoft Academic Search and Cochrane Library using search terms: anaemia, prevalence, child and Brazil. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020208818.Setting:Cross-sectional, cohort, case–control and intervention studies published between 2007 and 2020 were searched, excluding those who assessed children with an illness or chronic condition. The main outcome was anaemia prevalence. Random effects models based on the inverse variance method were used to estimate pooled prevalence measures. Sensitivity analyses removed studies with high contribution to overall heterogeneity.Participants:From 6790 first screened, 134 eligible studies were included, totalling 46 978 children aged zero to 83·9 months analysed, with adequate regions representativeness.Results:Pooled prevalence of anaemia was 33 % (95 % CI 30, 35). Sensitivity analyses showed that withdrawal of studies that contributed to high heterogeneity did not influence national average prevalence.Conclusions:Childhood anaemia is still a serious public health problem in Brazil, exposing 33 % of Brazilian children to the anaemia repercussions. The main limitation of the study is the estimation of national prevalence based on local surveys, but a large number of studies were included, with representation in all regions of the country, giving strength to the results. In Brazil, more public policies are needed to promote supplementation, fortification and access to healthy eating to reduce the high level of anaemia among children.
A MATHEMATICAL COMMITMENT WITHOUT COMPUTATIONAL STRENGTH
Authors: FREUND ANTON 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a new manifestation of Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem and discuss its foundational significance, in particular with respect to Hilbert’s program. Specifically, we consider a proper extension of Peano arithmetic (
$\mathbf {PA}$
) by a mathematically meaningful axiom scheme that consists of
$\Sigma ^0_2$
-sentences. These sentences assert that each computably enumerable (
$\Sigma ^0_1$
-definable without parameters) property of finite binary trees has a finite basis. Since this fact entails the existence of polynomial time algorithms, it is relevant for computer science. On a technical level, our axiom scheme is a variant of an independence result due to Harvey Friedman. At the same time, the meta-mathematical properties of our axiom scheme distinguish it from most known independence results: Due to its logical complexity, our axiom scheme does not add computational strength. The only known method to establish its independence relies on Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem. In contrast, Gödel’s theorem is not needed for typical examples of
$\Pi ^0_2$
-independence (such as the Paris–Harrington principle), since computational strength provides an extensional invariant on the level of
$\Pi ^0_2$
-sentences.