bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-chain fatty acids: role in metabolic disorders
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Gridnev O. E. 
Published: May 2021

The article presents research data on the role of short‑chain fatty acids in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of metabolic disorders. The brief description of the main short‑chain fatty acids — acetate, butyrate and propionate and the connection of their production with bacterial strains of the intestinal microbiome is given. The data on changes in the level of acetate, butyrate and propionate in feces and blood depending on body weight in animals and humans are presented. The mechanism of using by these fatty acids of such signaling pathways as interaction with receptors of fatty acids 2 and 3, inhibition of histone deacetylases to influence various metabolic processes and energy metabolism is described in detail. Their interaction on GLP‑1 and YY peptide as a result of interaction with enteroendocrine L‑cells of the intestine is described separately, which has an effect on appetite and, accordingly, food intake. The effect of basic short‑chain fatty acids on intestinal permeability is also described, which is important for the increased penetration of lipopolysaccharides of gram‑negative bacteria from the intestine into the bloodstream. The most important role of short‑chain fatty acids in the development of inflammatory processes, including low grade inflammation characteristic of metabolically associated diseases is indicated. The data of studies describing the study of the role of acetate, butyrate and propionate in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction are presented. The results of studies both in animals and in humans on the use of direct administration of acetate, butyrate and propionate and factors that enhance their production to influence metabolic and inflammatory processes are also described.
Microalbuminuria and its associations with clinical profile and complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shrestha Sanjay , Mandal Rajesh Kumar , Maharjan Kijan 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Microalbuminuria is an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, which accounts for a significant reduction in life expectancy of diabetic patients. Timely detection of microalbuminuria facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize risks. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of microalbuminuria with clinical profile and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross sectional study involving 100 diabetic subjects between July 2018 to January 2019 at Bir Hospital. Microalbuminuria (mg/dl) was defined as spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines) in a single spot urine sample. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for the social sciences version 20.
Results: Microalbuminuria was found in 35% of the sample and the rate was significantly higher among males (P =0.027). Microalbuminuria was significantly related to Body mass index (P = 0.018), duration of diabetes (P =0.000), retinopathy (P = 0.000) and stroke (P = 0.043). No statistically significant relation was found between microalbuminuria and age (P = 0.366), hypertension (P = 0.208), HbA1c (P = 0.098), dyslipidemia (P = 0.171) and ischemic heart disease (P = 0.651).
Conclusions: This study shows high prevalence of microalbuminuria in Nepalese Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Screening for microalbuminuria should be done for all the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for early detection and management of complications of diabetes mellitus.
From Ramanujan to renormalization: the art of doing away with divergences and arriving at physical results
Authors: Bietenholz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

A century ago Srinivasa Ramanujan --- the great self-taught Indian genius of mathematics --- died, shortly after returning from Cambridge, UK, where he had collaborated with Godfrey Hardy. Ramanujan contributed numerous outstanding results to different branches of mathematics, like analysis and number theory, with a focus on special functions and series. Here we refer to apparently weird values which he assigned to two simple divergent series, $\sum_{n \geq 1} n$ and $\sum_{n \geq 1} n^{3}$. These values are sensible, however, as analytic continuations, which correspond to Riemann's $\zeta$-function. Moreover, they have applications in physics: we discuss the vacuum energy of the photon field, from which one can derive the Casimir force, which has been experimentally measured. We discuss its interpretation, which remains controversial. This is a simple way to illustrate the concept of renormalization, which is vital in quantum field theory.
Morphometric and meristic variability in Butis koilomatodon in estuarine and coastal areas of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Tran Lam Thi Huyen , Quang Dinh Minh 
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to investigate morphometric and meristic variability in the mud sleeper Butis koilomatodon (Bleeker, 1849) in the Mekong Delta. This species is a commercial fish species with a small-size and is mainly distributed in some coastal areas from Tra Vinh to Ca Mau provinces. In the present research, the parameters of morphometry and measurement, including the head length, body depth, eye diameter, distance of the two eyes, and the interrelationships among the morphometric variables, were determined. The results revealed that the total length and weight of the fish changed by sex, season, habitat, and the interaction between the seasons and habitats. Likewise, the meristic criteria were different between males and females, and the dry and wet seasons, but not by their interactions. The growth rate of males was faster than females. The outcomes also showed that the body size of this species was larger in the dry season and the largest fish were found in Duyen Hai and Tra Vinh provinces. The Findings would be useful not only for further effects of environmental factors on morphology but also for comparisons between congeners Butis morphologically.
Peacekeepers’ Autonomy and Military Authority
Authors: Boda Mihály 
Published: May 2021

This article considers the problem of conciliation of military authority and peacekeepers’ autonomy. At first glance there is a tension between authority and autonomy in many areas of human life like religion, political life, national soldiering and even peacekeeping missions. The core of this tension is the practical contradiction between authority, which implies reason for controlling the behaviour of others, and the autonomy of the others, which involves reason for self-governing. This article proposes a distinction in peacekeepers’ autonomy between professional and moral autonomy, and suggests a way of explaining away the tension. The essential part of the solution is the claim that peacekeepers’ professional autonomy involves ‘building the moral community’ between the formerly hostile sides of a conflict within the confines of international military hierarchy. From this claim I draw the conclusions that the concept of military authority is part of the concept of peacekeepers’ professional autonomy, and that due to the content of peacekeepers’ professional autonomy, peacekeepers’ special moral autonomy is extended as compared to civilian moral autonomy.
The effect of intellectual capital on the Total quality management of higher education and scientific research institutions in Baghdad
Authors: ABDUALDAEM ALI ABDULSALAM 
Published: May 2021

The purpose and goal of the research revolve around the diagnosis of intellectual capital as the logical indicator to study an effective human resource management practice and its influential role in determining the overall quality management of higher education institutions and scientific research in Baghdad.
To achieve the purpose of the research, an upgraded standard questionnaire was used to collect data and distribute it to the selected sample in a statistical manner from the study population of (5) institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Baghdad. A sample of (83) faculty and employees in the community of the researched institutions were targeted. They are known for their competence, experience and expertise within the elite measurements in managing human resources qualified for serious and efficient work. The extraction of results was based on the statistical package (SPSS), using the statistics of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression, and statistical tests represented by (t, F).
According to the results extracted and analyzed, a set of conclusions related to the extent to which the intellectual capital has a distinct role in the development of total quality management in the areas of top management, continuous improvement and strategic planning for quality related to the implementation of the comprehensive strategy of the institutions of the Ministry of Higher Education in Baghdad. Certainly, the results reached to show the moderation of the availability of the necessary infrastructure to enhance the intellectual capital in higher education institutions in Baghdad, which requires an effective review of their organizational structures, as well as attracting and creating client and human capital, as they constitute an added value for developing mental and knowledge maturity For the elite teachers and distinguished employees who possess the ability to think, analyze, create, innovate, and employ knowledge, experience and skill in the field of learning and education.
Among the most prominent recommendations reached by the research is that it is of the utmost importance for the institution's department of the Ministry of Higher Education in Baghdad to evaluate and evaluate their intellectual assets of teachers and employees, and to develop a strategic plan that includes identifying their current and future needs for human capital from teachers and employees with scientific competence and holders of experience certificates and awards Scientific and patents.
Модель системи оборони України
Authors: Тимошенко Р. І. , Павліковський А. К. , Лобко М. М. 
Published: May 2021

У статті на основі аналізу вітчизняного законодавства розглядаються питання оборони, системи оборони, моделі системи оборони України, її сутність, побудова з використанням системного підходу. Розкриваються поняття «оборона України», «система оборони», «модель системи оборони України». Сформовано структурно-описовий обрис «моделі системи оборони України».
Проаналізовані, узагальнені й наведені характерні риси моделей системи оборони деяких інших держав світу.
Визначаються складові та їхні функції, структура моделі системи оборони України, відношення, зв’язки та взаємодія між її елементами під час виконання покладених функцій і завдань оборони.
Ініціюється наукова дискусія із залученням науковців, фахівців, експертів щодо подальшого реформування і розвитку системи оборони України та формування її перспективної моделі.
Автори мають намір продовжити публікацію низки статей, присвячених розвитку системи оборони, певних складових та формування її перспективної моделі, що має забезпечити підвищення рівня обороноздатності держави.
Методичний підхід до мобілізаційного планування національної економіки
Authors: Волотівський П. Б. , Кутовий О. П. 
Published: May 2021

Ефективна система планування в державі не може бути створена і застосована без запровадження стратегічного планування. Стратегічне планування з ієрархічної точки зору є основою будь-якого планування.
Стратегічне мобілізаційне планування в Україні тривалий час взагалі було зняте з порядку денного. Два десятиліття мирного розвитку України (до 2014 р.) негативно позначилися на увазі держави до проблем мобілізаційної підготовки. З початком агресії Російської Федерації проти України перед нашою державою постало питання щодо термінової організації оборони держави, зміцнення її обороноздатності та мобілізаційних спроможностей.
Внесення змін та доповнень в існуючі закони та інші нормативні акти суттєво не підвищили рівень мобілізаційної готовності держави, особливо її національної економіки. Сьогодні потрібне відновлення ефективного функціонування системи мобілізаційної підготовки в Україні, насамперед національної економіки, органів державної влади, інших державних органів, органів місцевого самоврядування.
У Стратегії національної безпеки України, затвердженій Указом Президента України від 14 вересня 2020 р. № 392/2020, серед шляхів зміцнення бойового потенціалу Збройних Сил України, інших сил оборони визначене завдання щодо модернізації системи мобілізаційної підготовки та мобілізації України (стаття 60, розділ ІV). Реалізація цього завдання Стратегії має здійснюватися через розроблення відповідних планів, програм, бюджетів та процедур, які можна розглядати як середньострокові й короткострокові плани (програми) реалізації стратегії.
У статті автори пропонують методичний підхід до розробки мобілізаційного плану національної економіки України в сучасних умовах.
Оборонна реформа в Україні: основні підсумки та перспективи
Authors: Руснак І. С. , Телелим В. М. 
Published: May 2021

У статті на основі аналізу діяльності Міністерства оборони, керівництва Збройних Сил України, інших органів військового управління розглядаються результати й підводяться перші підсумки започаткованої оборонної реформи в Україні, рівень досягнення визначених стратегічних цілей зазначеної реформи.
Висвітлюються умови, проблеми і труднощі під час проведення оборонної реформи.
Наводяться погляди на продовження реформ на засадах принципів і стандартів НАТО, перспективи розвитку Збройних Сил України, інших складових сил оборони для підвищення рівня обороноздатності держави й забезпечення національної безпеки та оборони, стримування і гарантованої відсічі збройній агресії Російської Федерації.
Perfuração facial incomum por projétil de borracha: Relato de caso
Authors: Sampaio Junior José Maria Menezes , Gondim Ricardo Franklin , Mello Manoel de Jesus Rodrigues , Avelar Rafael Linard , Aguiar Jayara Ferreira de , Ferreira Filho Josfran da Silva , Silveira Guilherme Sabóia , Marques João Antônio Pinheiro 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: As balas de borracha são consideradas “armas não-letais”, porém, quando atingem região facial podem deixar sequelas graves ou até causar morte. Tais projéteis podem alcançar a região facial, causando destruições ósseas, danos neurológicos e vasculares, bem como, favorecer o desenvolvimento de infecções. O presente estudo tem objetivo de relatar um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 32 anos, acometido por um projétil compatível com bala de borracha no momento de uma dispersão policial. Relato de caso: O paciente compareceu ao serviço de emergência apresentando ptose palpebral, equimose e edema periorbitário de ambos os olhos, sendo evidenciado no olho esquerdo e ferimento corto-contuso no canto medial da órbita. Na tomografia computadorizada pré-operatória, observou-se: corpo estranho alojado na base do crânio – dentro do seio esfenoidal. O paciente foi submetido a centro cirúrgico sob anestesia geral para remoção do projétil e uso de I-PRF para fechamento de provável fistula liquórica. Discussão: As lesões penetrantes ocasionadas por bala de borracha na face devem ser tratadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar em associação com exames complementares como a tomografia computadorizada para diagnosticar e definir o melhor tratamento. Conclusão: O paciente evolui com 03 (três) meses de acompanhamento pós-operatório, sem sinais de infecção ou evidencia de fístula liquórica.
Associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida em homens com diabetes
Authors: Silva Jorge Luiz Lima da , Lima Vinicius Fonseca de , Abreu Larissa Murta , Ramos Gabriella Filippini Silva , Costa Felipe dos Santos , Messias Cláudia Maria 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar as variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida associados ao diabetes em homens. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional, descritivo seccional. A coleta de dados ocorreu no ano de 2019. A população de estudo foi composta de homens residentes no município de Bananal, localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, no vale histórico\circuito da fé do Vale do Paraíba. A amostra do estudo totalizou 386 sujeitos. Resultados: de acordo com o modelo de regressão utilizado, e após ajustamento pelas potenciais variáveis de confundimento, mantiveram diferença estatística significativa e risco para o desfecho estudado as variáveis: sono (p=0,032, RP= 2,30 – IC95%= 1,074 – 4,937); tratamento para HAS (P=0,02, RP= 0,13 - IC95%= 0,37 – 0,472); frequência de consulta (p= 0,010, RP= 0,31 – IC95%= 0,127 – 0,755). Conclusão: a partir deste estudo foi possível identificar que ser solteiro, provedor da família, não consumir frutas, aferir a glicemia, não adesão ao tratamento para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e dormir menos obtiveram relação com a presença de DM em homens usuários do SUS. Esse estudo, torna-se relevante por abordar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida com diabetes entre usuários do SUS, visto que existem poucas pesquisas nessa área tratando-se do público masculino.
Development of contextual learning tools to support 21st century on flat shape materials
Authors: Rahimah Nonong , Afriani Dina 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan perangkat yang berkualitas baik, pada materi bangun datar segi empat dan melihat keefektifan pembelajaran tersebut. Populasi adalah siswa SMPN kelas VII Banjarmasin Selatan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan sampling purposive dengan sampel penelitian SMPN 23 dan 28 Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan proses pengembangan menggunakan model 4D dan telah disesuaikan dengan tujuan penelitian. Hasil pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB) yang baik yaitu valid dengan sedikit revisi, THB memenuhi kriteria validitas minimal cukup, uji reliabilitas tes menunjukkan korelasi sangat tinggi, praktis, dan efektif dilihat dari aktivitas siswa efektif, respon siswa positif, serta ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal tercapai yaitu 93,54% siswa tuntas belajar untuk SMP 23 Banjarmasin dan 93,33% siswa tuntas belajar untuk SMPN 28 Banjarmasin. Adapun urgensi dari hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi guru di SMPN 23 dan SMPN 28 Banjarmasin untuk dapat menerapkan dan mengembangkan produk yang dihasilkan berupa perangkat pembelajaran berbasis kontekstual. Berhubung produk tersebut merupakan satu hal yang baru bagi sekolah SMPN 23 dan SMPN 28 Banjarmasin, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
Nanocrystal formation in homogeneous and heterogeneous amorphous phases
Authors: Abrosimova G E , Matveev D V , Aronin A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This review describes the current state of research on the formation of a nanocrystalline structure in amorphous alloys under thermal and deformation effects. The processes of formation of nanocrystals in homogeneous and heterogeneous amorphous structures (nanoglass) are considered. Changes in the magnetic and mechanical properties during the formation of a composite amorphous-nanocrystalline structure with different structural parameters are analyzed. The possibility of amorphous phase rejuvenation from a partially crystalline structure under cryogenic thermocycling treatment is shown.
Effect of Different Amounts of TiF3 on the Reversible Hydrogen Storage Properties of 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 Composite
Authors: Li Yun , Zhang Yuxian , Chen Lixin 
Published: May 2021

Hydrogen is a potential green alternative to conventional energy carriers such as oil and coal. Compared with the storage of hydrogen in gaseous or liquid phases, the chemical storage of hydrogen in solid complex hydrides is safer and more effective. In this study, the complex hydride composite 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 with different amounts of TiF3 was prepared by simple ball-milling and its hydrogen storage properties were investigated. Temperature programmed desorption and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the de/rehydrogenation performance, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to explore the phase structure and surface topography of the materials. The dehydrogenation temperature decreased by 48°C in 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 with 15 wt% TiF3 composites compared to the composite without additives while the reaction kinetics was accelerated by 20%. In addition, the influence of hydrogen back pressure on the 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 with 5 wt% TiF3 composite was also investigated. The results show that hydrogen back pressure between 2.5 and 3.5 bar can improve the reversible performance of the composite to some extent. With a back pressure of 3.5 bar, the second dehydrogenation capacity increased to 4.6 wt% from the 3.3 wt% in the 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 composite without hydrogen back pressure. However, the dehydrogenation kinetics was hindered. About 150 h, which is 100 times the time required without back pressure, was needed to release 8.7 wt% of hydrogen at 3.5 bar hydrogen back pressure. The SEM results show that aluminum was aggregated after the second cycle of dehydrogenation at the hydrogen back pressure of 3 bar, resulting in the partial reversibility of the 5 wt% TiF3-added 2LiBH4–Li3AlH6 composite.
“Now You Have Become Doctors”: Lady Health Workers' Experiences Implementing an mHealth Application in Rural Pakistan
Authors: Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Sheikh Sana , Bawani Sohail , La Michelle , Sharma Sumedha , Vidler Marianne , Magee Laura A. , Dadelszen Peter von , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Qureshi Rahat Najam , Payne Beth A. ,   The CLIP Working Group
Published: May 2021

Background: PIERS on the Move (POM) is a mobile health application developed to support community health workers identification and management of women at risk of adverse outcomes from pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using POM in Pakistan on Lady Health Workers' (LHWs) knowledge and self-efficacy related to caring for women with pre-eclampsia, and their perception of usefulness of the tool.Methodology: An evaluation was designed for health care workers involved in the Community-Level Intervention for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) cluster randomized trial from 2014 to 2016 in Sindh Province, Pakistan (NCT01911494). A semi-structured focus group guide was developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which theorizes that an individual's behavioral intention to use a system is determined by perceived usefulness and ease of use. Preliminary qualitative analysis was undertaken by the Pakistan and Canadian teams to create a coding framework for full qualitative analysis, which was completed using NVivo12.Results: Three key informant interviews were conducted with two Lady Health Supervisors and one Senior Medical Officer. Sixty-two LHWs were included in three focus group discussions. LHWs found the POM app easy to use and useful for their work as a helpful repository for maternal health information and guiding counseling and management of pre-eclampsia. LHWs reported increased knowledge and confidence in their work. Availability of clinical homecare, including postpartum, was felt to positively impact healthcare provided to pregnant and postpartum women. Potential community level impacts included strengthening relationships between health care providers and communities and between LHWs and the health system. LHWs shared reports of earlier care-seeking and increased awareness of maternal health issues by community members.Conclusions: LHWs carry a large burden of responsibility for community health in rural Pakistan and appreciated the investment in their skills and capacity during the CLIP trial with the POM app. Investing in communications technology for community health workers through improved referrals and follow up may strengthen cohesiveness of the health system overall.