bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atropine (0.05%) for rapid progressive childhood myopia (ARM study)
Authors: Saxena Rohit , Gupta Vinay , Thakur Himani , Dhiman Rebika , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Phuljhele Swati , Sharma Namrata 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of atropine 0.05% for myopia control among children exhibiting (documented) rapid myopia progression (>0.75D/year).

Methods:
This prospective interventional single-arm clinical trial included children aged between 6–12 years, spherical equivalent refractive (SER) error between − 2 and − 6D, and having documented myopia progression of >0.75D in the preceding year. All participants were administered atropine 0.05% in both eyes once at bedtime for 1 year. The primary outcome measure was a change in the rate of myopia progression (D/year) and change in SER and axial length (AL) at 1 year and documentation of any adverse effects related to therapy.

Results:
Forty children were enrolled with a mean age of 8.5 ± 2.2 years. (45% male) The mean SER 1 year before starting atropine treatment was −3.53 ± 0.78D. At baseline, the mean SER was −4.58 ± 1.03D, which increased to −4.98 ± 0.97D after 1-year follow-up. The study reported a 62% reduction in the rate of myopia progression after 1 year of atropine 0.05% treatment (−1.05 ± 0.21D/year [baseline] to − 0.4 ± 0.14D/year[1-year follow-up] [P < 0.001]). The mean AL increased from 24.98 ± 2.43 mm (baseline) to 25.21 ± 2.32 mm (1 year). There was no significant correlation between changes in AL and SER (r: 0.57; P: 0.063). The study observed the response to treatment was independent of the age at baseline, baseline refractive error, baseline rate of progression, gender, and family history of myopia. No adverse effects from atropine 0.05% were reported.

Conclusions:
Atropine 0.05% could be an effective treatment for children with rapidly progressing myopia with no significant side effects.
Psychometric evaluation and derivation of the Kannada version of the modified (29-item model) Indian Vision Function Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Kaup Soujanya , Dsouza Jyoshma , Shivalli Siddharudha , Savur Sheetal , Hegde Vidya 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims:
India’s linguistic and cultural diversity necessitates a region-specific validated Visual Functioning Questionnaire. The objective of this study was to translate the Indian Vision Function Questionnaire-33 (IND-VFQ-33) into the Kannada language and test its psychometric properties, underlying factor structure, and model fit.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 participants, and basic psychometric properties (reliability, convergent, discriminant, construct validity, responsiveness, etc.) were assessed. The underlying factor structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and model fit by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results:
The Kannada version of IND-VFQ-33 exhibited robust psychometric properties [excellent content validity, reliability (Cronbach α = 0.91), test-retest reliability (RhoS = 0.99; P < 0.001), convergent (RhoS = 0.58; P < 0.001), and discriminant validity (RhoS = 0.06; P = 0.274)]. On EFA, items in the general functioning subscale fell into two categories, namely “Mobility” (10 items: Q1, Q2, Q4–Q9, Q15, and Q16) and “Daily Activities” (8 items: Q3, Q10, Q11, and Q17–Q21), and two other subscales “psycho-social impact” subscale (Q22–Q26) and the “visual symptoms” subscale (Q27–Q32, excluding Q33). Thus, a new Kannada-translated VFQ-29 questionnaire was derived with excellent psychometric properties. All observed variables showed significant factor loadings on their respective latent constructs (>0.50), establishing convergent validity on CFA by using the structural equation model. The model-fit to the data assessed by various indices [Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.08 (90% CI: 0.081–0.091); Comparative Fit Index = 0.877; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.866; Akaike’s Information Criterion = 23447.133; Bayesian Information Criterion = 23800.45, and Coefficient of Determination = 0.998] demonstrated acceptable fit.

Conclusion:
The refined 29-item Kannada-translated IND-VFQ model not only offers an improved factor structure across four subscales but also consistently demonstrates excellent reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness.
Clinical spectrum of bilateral microspherophakia and risk factors associated with poor visual outcomes following lensectomy surgery - A multicentric study
Authors: Mohapatra Monalisa , Tibrewal Shailja , Chatterjee Samrat , Agarwal Pradeep , Shah Chintan , Kapoor Rajat , Sahoo Anupam , Sen Pradhanya , Maan Veenu , Shetty Sonu Arjun , Sutar Samir , Goyal Priya , Ganesh Suma 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To study the clinical profile of patients with microspherophakia and the factors associated with poor vision following lensectomy surgery.

Methods:
A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted from January 2010 to June 2022 on patients diagnosed with microspherophakia.

Results:
A total of 102 eyes from 51 patients were enrolled, of whom 24 (47.1%) were male and 27 (52.9%) were female. All patients presented with bilateral involvement. The most common presenting complaint was defective vision, affecting 98 (96.1%) eyes. Patients exhibited varying degrees of lenticular myopia, with a mean refractive error of −13.54 ± 11.92 D. Glaucoma was present in 36 (35.3%) eyes at presentation. Subluxation of the crystalline lens was observed in 50 (49.1%) eyes, dislocation of the lens into the anterior chamber in 24 (23.5%) eyes, and dislocation into the vitreous cavity in 4 (3.9%) eyes. Limbal or pars plana lensectomy was performed in 54 (52.9%) eyes. The mean corrected visual acuity improved from 1.05 ± 0.82 logMAR units to 0.82 ± 0.79 logMAR units after lensectomy (P = 0.029). Poor postoperative visual acuity (less than 20/200) was associated with poor preoperative visual acuity (P = 0.005), presence of glaucoma at the first visit (P = 0.013), and intraocular pressure >30 mmHg (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Microspherophakia is associated with high lenticular myopia, subluxation, and dislocation of the crystalline lens. Significant improvement in postoperative vision was observed after lensectomy. Factors associated with poor postoperative vision included poor preoperative corrected vision, presence of glaucoma, and high intraocular pressure.
Ultrasound-Guided Procedural Skills for Pediatric Residents: A Critical Training Need
Authors: Rajendram Rajkumar , Jamil Syed Furrukh 
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives
Saudi Arabia does not have a curriculum for training pediatric residents in ultrasound (US)-guided procedures (UGPs). The relevance of such training to pediatric trainees is uncertain. The objective of the study is to identify educational priorities for training pediatricians in UGPs in Saudi Arabia by investigating their current procedural experience.

Settings and Design
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric residents at a Tertiary, Academic, Saudi Arabian medical city.

Methods and Material
Participants rated the applicability of various UGPs to their practice and their proficiency in sterile technique on a five-point Likert scale. Procedural experience with and without US was also collected. We analyzed data using standard descriptive statistical methods. Interval data from five-point Likert scales were presented as both frequencies and means with standard deviations. To assess internal consistency, we calculated Cronbach’s alpha. We used Student’s t-tests and analysis of variance to compare interval data and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. All analyses were conducted using Excel version 2016.

Results
Fifty-seven residents (response rate 48%) participated, and most reported that procedural skills are applicable to their practice, particularly central venous catheter placement. However, self-reported proficiency in the sterile technique required for UGPs was poor, revealing a significant skill gap. Many residents (24) missed opportunities to perform procedures because of a lack of supervision.

Conclusions
Despite the perceived relevance of UGPs, pediatric residents in Saudi Arabia lack adequate training and experience. Implementing structured training programs is crucial to bridge the skill gap and ensure optimal patient care.
Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for the Detection of Diphenhydramine: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Tom Alphonsa , Sharma Tina , Sankhla Mahipal Singh , Gautam Archana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diphenhydramine (DPH), a commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine and sedative, requires accurate and reliable analytical methods to be evaluated in various matrices. The systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current analytical techniques to detect DPH in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations between 2012 and 2022. Case reports of DPH-related fatalities and intoxications were included along with crime statistics of OTC drug seizure in India from 2017 to 2021. The review also points out gaps in the body of knowledge and recommends areas for future study to provide novel and reliable analytical techniques for detecting DPH. Researchers, analysts, and regulatory bodies engaged in toxicology, drug analysis, and pharmaceutical quality control will find this review’s conclusions helpful.
Diagnosis of the Death from Hypothermia on Postmortem Imaging
Authors: Gao Wenjing , Jin Wenju , He Jiahui , Li Sunao , Fu Long , Xia Zhiyuan , Shen Haibin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is challenging by autopsy approach alone.

Aims and Objectives:
To explore the features of fatal hypothermia on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and study their diagnostic value in such cases.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on the imaging data of three cases of low-temperature death. The study compared the images of lung tissue in the control group and used statistical tools to analyze typical changes associated with low-temperature death. The potential applications of cadaveric imaging in these cases were also discussed.

Results:
The typical postmortem imaging manifestations of death from hypothermia include increased volume of bilateral lung tissue, decreased density of bilateral lung tissue, and absence of pulmonary hypostasis. By comparison, it has been proven that PMCT can quickly detect typical changes in postmortem imaging of death from hypothermia. After applying PMCT, combined with the results of postmortem imaging, physical and chemical, and the environmental condition of the scene, in the absence of individual deaths because of other reasons, it can be determined that the individual died from hypothermia.

Conclusions:
The case of the death from hypothermia is a tough issue in forensic pathology examination. Through this review, it was found that the death from hypothermia cases have typical postmortem imaging. After combining the case, on-site investigation, and toxicology testing, we found the PMCT can solve the case of the death from hypothermia.
Measurement of Fluoride Ion Release From Restorative Material Using an Ion-Selective Electrode and Ultraviolet–Visible Light Spectrophotometer
Authors: Manjunath Vinutha , John Raveena P. , Doddawad Vidya G. , Gehlot Paras Mull , Achar Raghu Ram , Vadiraj K. T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Importance of fluoride in dental restorative materials for preventing secondary caries. Several commercially available tooth-colored dental restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cement, resin composites, and compomers were used for this study.

Aim:
To evaluate the amount of fluoride release from tooth-colored restorative materials [Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GC Fuji II)], Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement (ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE), and Giomer (BEAUTIFIL II LS)] using ion-selective electrode (ISE) and spectrophotometer using zirconyl alizarin red dye method.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 extracted premolars were divided into two control groups and four experimental groups. Group I: GC Fuji II/ISE; Group II: BEAUTIFIL II LS/ISE; Group III: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/ISE; Group IV: GC Fuji II/Spectrophotometer; Group V: BEAUTIFIL II LS/Spectrophotometer; and Group VI: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/Spectrophotometer. The amount of fluoride released was analyzed using an ion-selective elective method and spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:
Groups I and IV exhibited the highest fluoride release (1.42 and 1.12 ppm), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with Groups II and V, which showed the least using both methods. The fluoride release pattern of ACTIVA BioACTIVE (Groups III and VI) restorative was significantly lower than that of glass ionomers and showed no significant difference from the giomers groups (Groups II and IV).

Conclusion:
Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) showed the highest fluoride release followed by enhanced resin-modified GIC and giomer irrespective of the methods used. Fluoride ion concentration values obtained from the ISE method, and spectrophotometer method were comparable. Alizarin red dye can be used as an alternative to sulfanilic acid azochromotrop dye for the estimation of the release of fluoride ions from dental materials, which is known to be sensitive and much more economical compared with the latter.
Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder among Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sahu Manoj , Ilias Mohammad , Pandey Ramesh , Saxena Saumya , Saad Talha , Mishra Nitu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is marked by pain and restricted shoulder movement, with diabetes mellitus being a known risk factor. However, its occurrence in diabetic individuals in health care settings is underreported.

Objective:
To estimate the occurrence of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital.

Methods:
This observational study evaluated patients with diabetes for frozen shoulder through clinical diagnosis and imaging. Prevalence was calculated.

Results:
Frozen shoulder was observed in 11% of diabetic cases, highlighting the need for routine screening in this population.

Conclusion:
The study emphasizes the importance of screening for frozen shoulder in diabetic patients to ensure early diagnosis and management.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module Regarding Expression and Storage of Breast Milk among Working Mothers at Semmanichettipalayam Coimbatore
Authors: Krishnasamy Jeyabarathi , Jayadeepa T. , Rajam Rajitha S. , Purushothaman Senthil , Mohanraj K. , Chitra Lingaraj , Chinnusamy Sivakumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, supporting their physical and emotional development. Breastfeeding should begin within an hour of birth.

Study Objectives:
a) Assess knowledge of breast milk expression and storage among working mothers. b) Evaluate practices related to expression and storage. c) Provide a self-instructional module on expressed breast milk. d) Measure the module’s effectiveness. e) Analyze the association between knowledge, practice, and selected demographic variables.

Methodology:
An experimental study with 40 working mothers selected via convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge and practices.

Results:
Descriptive statistics were used, yielding a “t” value of 9.35. Over 15 days, questionnaires were administered to 3 participants daily, with posttests and the instructional module provided after 15 days.

Conclusion:
The study showed a significant improvement in knowledge and practices after the self-instructional module was provided.
Correlation Between the Use of Vesicant Medications and The Incidence of Phlebitis in Pediatric Ward
Authors: Annisa Lily , Hanifah Suci , Setiani Putri 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Phlebitis is an inflammatory process that is characterized by inflamed venous endothelial cells. Vesicant medications are found to be one of the causes of phlebitis, especially in pediatric patients.

Objective:
To investigate the correlation between the use of vesicant medications and phlebitis incidence.

Material and Methods:
The study was descriptive observational conducted over the period of June–July 2022 in a pediatric ward. The inclusion criteria were male or female pediatric inpatients, aged 1 month–18 years, and receiving medication via intravenous infusion for >24 hours. The data obtained were then analyzed for correlations by using bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results and Conclusion:
A total of 174 patients met the inclusion criteria; 27.6% experienced phlebitis, and 37.9% received vesicant medications. The most frequently used vesicant medications in the pediatric ward was gentamicin (74.24%). The use of vesicants and administration of >3 intravenous drugs showed statistically significant results associated with the incidence of phlebitis, with RR: 4.17 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.1–8.3) and RR = 2.6 (P = 0.012; CI = 1.2–5.5), respectively. The multivariate test results showed that the use of vesicants was a risk factor for phlebitis, with OR = 4.41 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.0–9.7). The use of vesicants is associated with the incidence of phlebitis in a pediatric inpatient ward.
Comparative Analysis of Cytotoxicity and Odontogenic Differentiation of Novel Bioceramic Material on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dhevi G. R. Ishwarya , Arangannal Ponnudurai , Jeevarathan J 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
Bioceramic materials have revolutionized the field of endodontics by successfully transforming the outcomes of pulp therapies. Novel biomaterials are evolving by modifying the conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to overcome their existing limitations, the major ones being prolonged setting and cytotoxic radiopacifiers. Dental white portland cement (DWPC) is a novel formulated bioceramic material introduced as an enhanced MTA alternative. This in vitro study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity and odontogenic differentiation of novel formulation DWPC with MTA Angelus, Biodentin (BD) and white portland cement (WPC) on human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs).

Materials and Methods:
HDPSCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics at 37°C, 90% humidity in a 5% CO2 incubator. Experimental samples were prepared as disks. The viability of HDPSCs was measured by Mosmann’s tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay, and odontogenic potential was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 24 hours, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals. The mean and standard deviations were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests using IBM SPSS Software (IBM statistical package for social sciences) – Version 24.0 with a significance level set as P < 0.05.

Results:
All four groups tested using MTT assay showed no toxicity and possess odontogenic potential in all the experimental durations. Experimental group DWPC presented with the highest mean cell viability and ALP activity at all intervals followed by WPC, MTA, and BD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
DWPC presented good bioactivity in terms of cell viability and ALP activity. Thus, DWPC could be a promising endodontic material. However, further research is warranted to explore the clinical applicability.
Assessment of the Antibacterial Properties and Cytocompatibility of Implant Coatings Incorporating Antimicrobial Agents: An In vitro Study
Authors: Verma Saloni , Mahapatra Annuroopa , Gupta Kavita , Dewan Harisha , Raju Minu , Prasad D Anupama 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of titanium implants coated with silver, chitosan, and antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:
Antibacterial properties were tested using inhibition zones against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The cytocompatibility was assessed through cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation by using human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test.

Results:
Antibiotics showed the highest antibacterial activity. Silver reduced cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation, while chitosan balanced antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. Time-dependent viability assays indicated consistent reduction for silver-treated cells.

Conclusion:
Silver, chitosan, and antibiotics are effective against implant-related pathogens, but their cytocompatibility varies.
Assessment of Solubility and Sorption of Cention-N, Zirconomer, and Conventional GIC Restorative Materials Immersed in Different Beverages
Authors: Sahoo Sanjit Kumar , Reddy Naveen R. , Awinashe Vaibhav , Shah Shahzad A. , Vempalli Swetha , Alessa Noura , Shetty Prajwal , Ramaiah Vardarajula V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this research was to assess the solubility and sorption values of various restorative materials immersed in different beverages.

Materials and Method:
Thirty circular discs per restorative material were prepared with 10 in each group; Group I-cention-N, Group II-Zirconomer, and Group III-glass-ionomer cements. Ten specimens of each material were immersed in the test media (various beverages such as tea, coffee, and orange juice) for six days. Water sorption and solubility were calculated using ISO guidelines.

Result:
There was statistically considerable variation between the three tested materials. Amongst the beverages tested orange juice persuaded both sorption and solubility values more than the other media.

Conclusion:
Conventional GIC was found to have more sorption and solubility values than the other two materials.
Laser Assisted New Attachment Procedure: An Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Moderate to Deep Periodontal Pockets Treatment
Authors: Siddiqui Arif , Chowdhary Zoya , Anamika  , Gupta Disha , Loitongbam Monika , Singh Vikas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In order to assess the effectiveness of a laser-assisted new attachment method (LANAP) employing a diode in treating moderate to deep periodontal pockets, a split-mouth randomized controlled trial was carried out.

Methods:
Ten participants, aged 18–65, with moderate to deep periodontal pockets were included in the research. The subjects were split into two groups, control and test, each with ten sites. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to the control sites using a universal curette, whereas SRP and a diode laser were used on the test sites. At six and twenty-four weeks, the subjects were summoned back for a post-operative assessment. The clinical parameters, including the clinical attachment level (CAL), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) for both groups were noted, and the information gathered was statistically examined.

Results:
PPD and CAL in the test groups showed a clinically significant decline, and the values of the test and control groups at six and twenty-four weeks differed statistically significantly.

Conclusion:
Based on the study’s findings, moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets may benefit from LANAP treatment before scaling.