bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear and Desiring in the Age of Paranoia
Authors: Guilmette Lauren 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article develops the ongoing relevance of the late feminist theorist Teresa Brennan's thinking about affect in her posthumous book, The Transmission of Affect (2004). Guilmette introduces the value of an image-text format, inspired by a multimedia example from Brennan's unpublished papers. Experimenting with images as well as words, Guilmette explores Brennan's conceptual distinction between affect and feeling through its recent uptake by decolonial feminist and queer readers, as a turn from the Western emphasis on individual agency to consider instead the responsibility that follows from what is absorbed into our bodies and psyches, and how we discern, work through and, when needed, resist these energetic transfers.
From National Lockdowns to Herd Immunity: Understanding the Spectrum of Government Responses to COVID-19 (2019-2021)
Authors: Howlett Michael 
Published: October 2021

From National Lockdowns to Herd Immunity: Understanding the Spectrum of Government Responses to COVID-19 (2019-2021)
Governments around the world responded at roughly the same time but in several different ways to the emerging threat of COVID-19 in early 2020. This article sets out the nature of the different strategies that emerged over the course of the pandemic, focussing on the policy tools deployed. Some of these efforts were successful in containing the coronavirus while others were not, in some cases due to poor initial choices and in others due to poor implementation of the chosen strategy. Although the initial understanding each government had of the nature of the disease was the same, different state capacities and different levels of preparedness and effective leadership can be seen to have resulted over time in the emergence of six distinct approaches to the pandemic which, once deployed, proved difficult, although not impossible, to change as the pandemic unfolded.
Lokale democratie achter de schermen
Authors: Peters Klaartje , Boogaard Geerten , van den Berg Bibi , Van Kalken Lianne 
Published: October 2021

Behind the screens. Lessons learned from online local council meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shortly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a temporary law came into force enabling online deliberation and decision-making by decentralised governments. For the duration of the law, a committee evaluated its operation and implementation. The commission focused on legality, technology and security, and on political-administrative effects, since there were concerns about the consequences of the law in these three areas. This article shows that although no significant legal and technical problems arose, online deliberation did have an effect on the practices of deliberation and decision-making. Online deliberation during the pandemic was not good for local democracy, which was also due to society temporarily going into lock-down. At the same time, online deliberation also appears to have its advantages. In order to reap the benefits of digital deliberation, however, a permanent law that includes hybrid forms of deliberation and technical improvements to online conference systems is needed.
Human Skeletal Remains Recovered from a Napo Funerary Urn in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Jastremski Nicole A. , Sánchez-Polo Alejandra 
Published: October 2021

There is very little published literature regarding pre-Columbian burial practices that include human skeletal remains of the Napo culture (A.D. 1188–1480) in the western Amazon. Due to poor bone preservation and a history of looting practices, bioarchaeologists have rarely been able to collect, analyze, and interpret skeletal remains. Here, we provide the initial publication of a human skeleton from the Ecuadorian Amazon belonging to the Napo culture, preserved in a funerary urn acquired by the Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado in Quito, Ecuador. This partial adult skeleton, radiocarbon dated to cal A.D. 1021–1155, consists primarily of broken long bones that indicate a robust individual with a height range of 160–170 cm. Although no trauma was observed, pathological conditions including cysts and likely Osgood-Schlatter’s disease were present and robust muscle insertions were noted. Taphonomic damage from termite osteophagy was inferred by the presence of round bore holes, cavities, tunneling, and cortical etching on the humerus, femur, and tibia. The urn itself is an anthropomorphic polychrome vessel that opens at the bottom, with six equally spaced holes to facilitate closure. The urn burial is similar to those of other Amazonian Polychrome Tradition cultures located to the east in Brazil.

Las prácticas funerarias precolombinas que incluyen restos humanos esqueléticos de la cultura Napo (1188–1480 D.C.), en el oeste de la Amazonía, han sido escasamente dadas a conocer en la literatura arqueológica. Debido a la pobre preservación de los huesos en ese medio y a una dilatada trayectoria de huaquerismo, desde la bioarqueología no ha sido posible recoger, analizar e interpretar restos humanos. Este artículo trata de solventar este vacío al atender desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica los restos óseos humanos provenientes de la Amazonía ecuatoriana pertenecientes a la cultura Napo, preservados en una urna funeraria que se conserva en el Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado en Quito, Ecuador. Por un lado, este esqueleto parcial del que se conservan huesos largos fragmentados de un adulto fue datado mediante técnicas radiométricas entre 1021 y 1155 cal D.C.Habría sido una persona robusta, con una altura que oscilaría entre los 160 y 170 cm. Aunque no se ha observado ningún traumatismo, las patologías registradas incluyen quistes, como los debidos a la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter, e inserciones musculares robustas. Entre las afecciones tafonómicas más relevantes, se han apreciado las causadas por osteofagia de termitas, las cuales se infieren por la presencia de perforaciones redondas, cavidades, túneles y decapado cortical en húmero, fémur y tibia. Por otro lado, la urna es un ejemplar antropomorfo policromado de apertura basal con seis orificios espaciados que ayudaban a cerrarla. El entierro en urna es similar a aquellos otros de las culturas de la Tradición Polícroma Amazónica localizadas al este en Brasil.
DNA barcode reference library construction and genetic diversity and structure analysis of Amomum villosum Lour. (Zingiberaceae) populations in Guangdong Province
Authors: Gong Lu , Zhang Danchun , Ding Xiaoxia , Huang Juan , Guan Wan , Qiu Xiaohui , Huang Zhihai 
Published: October 2021

Background
Amomum villosum Lour. is the plant that produces the famous traditional Chinese medicine Amomi Fructus. Frequent habitat destruction seriously threatens A. villosum germplasm resources. Genetic diversity is very important to the optimization of germplasm resources and population protection, but the range of inherited traits within A. villosum is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structures of A. villosum populations in Guangdong and constructed a local reference DNA barcode library as a resource for conservation efforts.

Methods
DNA barcoding and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the population genetics of A. villosum. Five universal DNA barcodes were amplified and used in the construction of a DNA barcode reference library. Parameters including percentage of polymorphic sites (PPB), number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity index (H), and Shannon’s polymorphism information index (I) were calculated for the assessment of genetic diversity. Genetic structure was revealed by measuring Nei’s gene differentiation coefficient (Gst), total population genetic diversity (Ht), intra-group genetic diversity (Hs), and gene flow (Nm). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), Mantel tests, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, and principal co-ordinates (PCoA) analysis were used to elucidate the genetic differentiation and relationship among populations.

Results
A total of 531 sequences were obtained from the five DNA barcodes with no variable sites from any of the barcode sequences. A total of 66 ISSR bands were generated from A. villosum populations using the selected six ISSR primers; 56 bands, 84.85% for all the seven A. villosum populations were polymorphic. The A. villosum populations showed high genetic diversity (H = 0.3281, I = 0.4895), whereas the gene flow was weak (Nm = 0.6143). Gst (0.4487) and AMOVA analysis indicated that there is obvious genetic differentiation amongA. villosum populations and more genetic variations existed within each population. The genetic relationship of each population was relatively close as the genetic distances were between 0.0844 and 0.3347.
Catalytic Bias in Enzymatic Metal Cofactor‐Based Oxidation–Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Varghese Febin , Mulder David W , Raugei Simone , Zadvornny Oleg A , King Paul W , Peters John W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Catalytic bias refers to the relative rate preference of a catalyst for either the forward or reverse direction. In enzymatic metal cofactor‐based oxidation–reduction catalysis, the tuning of catalytic bias plays an underlying role in controlling rates of reactivity. For this, enzymes have evolved complex active sites that can exist in multiple oxidation states with differing reduction potentials in order to achieve challenging multi‐step, oxidation–reduction reactions. Conceivably, the relative stability of the intermediates that contribute to determining the rate‐limiting step of the catalytic cycle could impose catalytic bias, although mechanisms for this concept are just beginning to be realized. As one example, recent work on
Clostridium pasteurianum
[FeFe]‐hydrogenases which catalyze reversible hydrogen oxidation have shown that the differential stabilization/destabilization of active site oxidation states through either static or dynamic protein interactions can preferentially promote either the hydrogen oxidation or proton reduction direction of the reaction. This revealed how an enzymatic cofactor can impose bias in oxidation–reduction catalysis through various tuning mechanisms by protein scaffold interactions. The hypothesis based on achieving catalytic bias through the modulation of cofactor oxidation states critical for the reaction cycle can be extended more generally to other cofactor‐based oxidation–reductions catalysts. The current understanding of catalytic bias has significant implications for the design of synthetic catalysts used in industrial settings, as well as providing a greater fundamental understanding of the factors that control metabolic processes in all life.
SznF, a Metalloenzyme Employed in the Biosynthesis of Streptozotocin
Authors: McBride Molly J , Boal Amie K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

SznF is a multidomain metalloenzyme from
Streptomyces achromogenes
var.
streptozoticus
NRRL 2697 that is responsible for
N
‐nitrosourea installation into the anticancer compound, streptozotocin. SznF catalyzes the conversion of
N
‐methyl‐
l
‐arginine (
l
‐NMA) to
N
δ
‐hydroxy‐
N
ω
‐methyl‐
N
ω
‐nitroso‐
l
‐citrulline (
l
‐HMNC) in three oxygen‐ and iron‐dependent steps. SznF contains two functional domains, each with its own autonomous active site. A central domain binds a diiron cofactor and is a member of the heme‐oxygenase‐like diiron oxygenase/oxidase (HDO) family. This domain performs two distinct
N
‐hydroxylations of
l
‐NMA. A C‐terminal cupin domain contains a mononuclear iron cofactor, using it to accomplish a distinctive oxidative rearrangement of a dihydroxylated
l
‐NMA intermediate. The dinuclear iron cofactor of the HDO domain has been characterized via absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. X‐ray crystal structures of SznF in its apo and holo forms revealed conformational changes associated with dynamic cofactor acquisition, a common feature of all HDO enzymes characterized to date. While it has been established that the SznF HDO domain uses a peroxodiiron(III/III) complex to facilitate its
N
‐oxygenation transformations, much less is known about the mechanism of the rearrangement reaction that occurs at the mononuclear cofactor site.
Urease
Authors: Mazzei Luca , Ciurli Stefano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbamate, with the latter decomposing spontaneously to yield another molecule of ammonia and bicarbonate, in the last step of organic nitrogen mineralization. The overall reaction causes a rapid increase of the pH, with negative effects on human health and agriculture.
Imido Complexes of Late Transition Metals
Authors: Grünwald Annette , Munz Dominik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, the chemistry of imido (nitrene, respectively) complexes of the groups 9–11 is summarized. First, their electronic structure is discussed including d‐electron count, spin‐state, period and group of the periodic table, and symmetry of the complex. Then, the coordination chemistry and reactivity of both bridging and terminal imido complexes is reviewed in detail and put in the context of more abundant imido complexes such as in particular iron.
Clinical and genetic characterization of adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy caused by CSF1R mutations
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Chien , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Yang Chih‐Chao , Chang Anna , Lien Li‐Ming , Wang Pei‐Ning , Lai Kuan‐Lin , Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Lee Yi‐Chung , Liao Yi‐Chu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveMutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R) were identified as a cause of adult‐onset inherited leukoencephalopathy. The present study aims at investigating the frequency, clinical characteristics, and functional effects of CSF1R mutations in Taiwanese patients with adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy.MethodsMutational analysis of CSF1R was performed in 149 unrelated individuals with leukoencephalopathy by a targeted resequencing panel covering the entire coding regions of CSF1R. In vitro analysis of the CSF1‐induced autophosphorylation activities of mutant CSF1R proteins was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the CSF1R mutations.ResultsAmong the eight CSF1R variants identified in this study, five mutations led to a loss of CSF1‐induced autophosphorylation of CSF1R proteins. Four mutations (p.K586*, p.G589R, p.R777Q, and p.R782C) located within the tyrosine kinase domain of CSF1R, whereas the p.T79M mutation resided in the immunoglobulin‐like domain. The five patients carrying the CSF1R mutations developed cognitive decline at age 41, 43, 50, 79, and 86 years, respectively. Psychiatric symptoms and behavior changes were observed in four of the five patients. The executive function and processing speed were severely impaired at an early stage, and their cognitive function deteriorated rapidly within 3–4 years. Diffusion‐restricted lesions at the subcortical regions and bilateral corticospinal tracts were found in three patients.InterpretationCSF1R mutations account for 3.5% (5/149) of the adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy in Taiwan. CSF1R mutations outside the tyrosine kinase domain may also disturb the CSF1R function and lead to the clinical phenotype. Molecular functional validation is important to determine the pathogenicity of novel CSF1R variants.
Biomimetic Scaffolds Modulate the Posttraumatic Inflammatory Response in Articular Cartilage Contributing to Enhanced Neoformation of Cartilaginous Tissue In Vivo
Authors: Bauza‐Mayol Guillermo , Quintela Marcos , Brozovich Ava , Hopson Michael , Shaikh Shazad , Cabrera Fernando , Shi Aaron , Niclot Federica Banche , Paradiso Francesca , Combellack Emman , Jovic Tom , Rees Paul , Tasciotti Ennio , Francis Lewis W. , Mcculloch Patrick , Taraballi Francesca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFocal chondral lesions of the knee are the most frequent type of trauma in younger patients and are associated with a high risk of developing early posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The only current clinical solutions include microfracture, osteochondral grafting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Cartilage tissue engineering based on biomimetic scaffolds has become an appealing strategy to repair cartilage defects. Here, a chondrogenic collagen‐chondroitin sulfate scaffold is tested in an orthotopic Lapine in vivo model to understand the beneficial effects of the immunomodulatory biomaterial on the full chondral defect. Using a combination of noninvasive imaging techniques, histological and whole transcriptome analysis, the scaffolds are shown to enhance the formation of cartilaginous tissue and suppression of host cartilage degeneration, while also supporting tissue integration and increased tissue regeneration over a 12 weeks recovery period. The results presented suggest that biomimetic materials could be a clinical solution for cartilage tissue repair, due to their ability to modulate the immune environment in favor of regenerative processes and suppression of cartilage degeneration.
Mimicking Neuroplasticity via Ion Migration in van der Waals Layered Copper Indium Thiophosphate
Authors: Chen Jiangang , Zhu Chao , Cao Guiming , Liu Haishi , Bian Renji , Wang Jinyong , Li Changcun , Chen Jieqiong , Fu Qundong , Liu Qing , Meng Peng , Li Wei , Liu Fucai , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices are the essential components of neuromorphic computing systems, which are capable of parallel information storage and processing with high area and energy efficiencies, showing high promise in future storage systems and in‐memory computing. Analogous to the diffusion of neurotransmitter between neurons, ion‐migration‐based synaptic devices are becoming promising for mimicking synaptic plasticity, though the precise control of ion migration is still challenging. Due to the unique 2D nature and highly anisotropic ionic transport properties, van der Waals layered materials are attractive for synaptic device applications. Here, utilizing the high conductivity from Cu+‐ion migration, a two‐terminal artificial synaptic device based on layered copper indium thiophosphate is studied. By controlling the migration of Cu+ ions with an electric field, the device mimics various neuroplasticity functions, such as short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, and spike‐time‐dependent plasticity. The Pavlovian conditioning and activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity involved neural functions are also successfully emulated. These results show a promising opportunity to modulate ion migration in 2D materials through field‐driven ionic processes, making the demonstrated synaptic device an intriguing candidate for future low‐power neuromorphic applications.
Synergistic Effect of Cu2O Mesh Pattern on High‐Facet Cu Surface for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol
Authors: Kim Ju Ye , Kim Gukbo , Won Hyeonsik , Gereige Issam , Jung Woo‐Bin , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the electroconversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into ethanol is considered to be one of the most promising ways of using CO2, the ethanol selectivity is less than 50% because of difficulties in designing an optimal catalyst that arise from the complicated pathways for the electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol. Several approaches including the fabrication of oxide‐derived structures, atomic surface control, and the Cu+/Cu interfaces have been primarily used to produce ethanol from CO2. Here, a combined structure with Cu+ and high‐facets as electrocatalysts is constructed by creating high‐facets of wrinkled Cu surrounded by Cu2O mesh patterns. Using chemical vapor deposition graphene growth procedures, the insufficiently grown graphene is used as an oxidation‐masking material, and the high‐facet wrinkled Cu is simultaneously generated during the graphene growth synthesis. The resulting electrocatalyst shows an ethanol selectivity of 43% at −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is one of the highest ethanol selectivity values reported thus far. This is attributed to the role of Cu+ in enhancing CO binding strength, and the high‐facets, which favor C–C coupling and the ethanol pathway. This method for generating the combined structure can be widely applicable not only for electrochemical catalysts but also in various fields.
A Role for Newly Developed Sorbents in Remediating Large‐Scale Oil Spills: Reviewing Recent Advances and Beyond
Authors: Kim Hyeongoo , Zhang Gang , Chung T. C. Mike , Nam Changwoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conservation of ocean and freshwater have been crucial issues over the past decades, and oil/water separation is a well‐known technology to restore polluted water systems. In the meantime, oil sorbents serve as a promising means of achieving water conservation to recover from oil spills, which require a multi‐factorial approach to review high selectivity, capacity, and rate of oil recovery. However, reusability is a critical component to consider in incidents with large‐scale spills. With the development of sorbent technology, some studies have progressed to explore surface engineering and material design for high oil sorption capacity and durability. Thus, this systemic review, a summary of sorbent developments, serves as a guide to understanding practical applications that can apply to large‐scale oil spills and recognize remaining issues. In this review, the oil weathering process and oil sorption mechanisms in relation to the characteristics of target pollutants are introduced. Then, this comprehensive review focuses on materials in advanced sorbents. These materials have properties including, aligned channels for fast sorption, self‐heating capabilities for viscous oil cleanup, and magnetic‐responsiveness to enhance a collection of final products. The perspective and challenges for the next generation of oil spills remediation technology‐based oil sorbents materials are finally presented in the last section.
Simulating Facet‐Dependent Aggregation and Assembly of Mixtures of Polyhedral Nanoparticles
Authors: Opletal George , Barnard Amanda S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe functionality of many nanomaterials involves the collective properties of aggregates and self‐assembled superstructures. Using the mesostructure as a design parameter requires predictive capabilities, but this is challenging when nanoparticle samples present a diverse mixture of shapes and surface facets. Molecular dynamics with over 5000 nanoparticles is used here to simulate different mixtures of polyhedral nanodiamonds, with surfaces indicative of their characteristic multipolar surface electrostatic potential. It is found that polydispersed samples have different aggregation behavior than monodispersed samples, particularly in regard to the interparticle coordination and degree of long‐range order, but mixing nanoparticle shapes does not affect aggregate porosity.