bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Entrepreneurship on The Performance of Organic Rice Farmers in Tasikmalaya Regency
Authors: Nuraini Candra , Ma’moen Iskandar 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyzethe influence of the rice organic farmers’ entrepreneurship on the farming performance and identify the influence of farming technique or activities on the farming performance.
This study used a survey method. The study was conducted in Manonjaya and Salawu sub-districts, Tasikmalaya regency, August until November 2019 which was chosen using purposive sampling technique applied to 50 samples. The respondents who were organic rice farmers were recruited using multistage purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with WarpPLS 2.0.
The result show that the entrepreneurship significantly and positively affects farming techniques. Entrepreneurship has significant and positive influence on the organic rice farming performance. In addition, farming technique is significantly and positively influential on the organic rice farming performance.
Structured oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx assessment during routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy improves detection of pre- and early cancerous lesions: a multicenter, comparative study
Authors: Huelsen Alexander , St John Andrew T. , Pandey Ratna , Vokes David E. , McMaster Jessica J. , Walmsley Russell S. , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims A structured assessment of the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx (OHL) may improve the diagnostic yield for the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions (PECLs) during routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Thus, we aimed to compare routine EGDs ± structured OHL assessment (SOHLA), including photo documentation with regard to the detection of PECLs.
Patients and methods Consecutive patients with elective EGD were arbitrarily allocated to endoscopy lists with or without SOHLA. All detected OHL abnormalities were assessed by an otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeon (ORL-HNS) and the frequency of PECLS detected during SOHLA vs. standard cohort compared.
Results Data from 1000 EGDs with and 1000 EGDs without SOHLA were analyzed. SOHLA was successful in 93.3 % of patients, with a median assessment time of 45 seconds (interquartile range: 40–50). SOHLA identified 46 potential PECLs, including two benign subepithelial lesions (4.6 %, 95 % CI: 3.4–6.1) while without SOHLA, no malignant and only one benign lesion was found (P < 0.05). ORL-HNS imaging review classified 23 lesions (2.3 %, 95 % CI: 1.5–3.4) as concerning and ORL-HNS clinic assessment was arranged. This identified six PECLs (0.6 %, 95 % CI: 0.2–1.3) including two pharyngeal squamous cell lesions (0.2 %) demonstrating high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) and four premalignant glottic lesions (0.4 %) demonstrating low-grade dysplasia and CIS.
Conclusion In the routine setting of a gastrointestinal endoscopy practice precancerous and early cancerous lesions of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx are rare (< 1 %) but can be detected with a structured assessment of this region during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Comparison of the Mayo Endoscopy Score and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity and the Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopy Index of Severity
Authors: Belvis Jiménez María , Hergueta-Delgado Pedro , Gómez Rodríguez Blas , Maldonado Pérez Belén , Castro Laria Luisa , Rodríguez-Téllez Manuel , Morales Barroso Maria Luisa , Galván Fernández Maria Dolores , Guerra Veloz Maria , Jiménez García Victoria Alejandra , Romero-Castro Rafael , Benítez-Roladán Antonio , Castro Márquez Cristina , Aparcero López Reyes , Garrido-Serrano Antonio , Caunedo-Álvarez Ángel , Argüelles-Arias Federico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims: Endoscopy plays an essential role in managing patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), as it allows us to visualize and assess the severity of the disease. As such assessments are not always objective, different scores have been devised to standardize the findings. The main aim of this study was to assess the interobserver variability between the Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES), Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopy Index of Severity (UCCIS) analyzing the severity of the endoscopic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Patients and methods: This was a single-cohort observational study in which a colonoscopy was carried out on patients with UC, as normal clinical practice, and a video was recorded. The results from the video were classified according to the MES, UCEIS and UCCIS by three endoscopic specialists independently, and they were compared to each other. The Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES) was used to assess the clinical situation of the patient. The therapeutic impact was analyzed after colonoscopy was carried out.
Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The average age was 51 (SD ± 16.7) and the average MES was 3.07 (SD ± 2.54). The weighted Kappa index between endoscopists A and B for the MES was 0.8; between A and C 0.52; and between B and C 0.49. The intraclass correlation coefficient for UCEIS was 0.92 among the three endoscopists (CI 95 %: 0.83–0.96) and 0.96 for UCCIS among the three endoscopists (CI 95 % 0.94–0.97). A change in treatment for 34.3 % of the patients was implemented on seeing the results of the colonoscopy.
Conclusions: There was an adequate, but not perfect, correlation between the different endoscopists for MES, UCEIS, UCCIS. This was higher with the last two scores. Thus, there is still some subjectivity to be minimized through special training, on assessing the seriousness of the endoscopic lesions in patients with UC.
Gastric metaplasia of the duodenal mucosa in Crohn’s disease: novel histological and endoscopic findings
Authors: Ikezono Go , Yao Kenshi , Imamura Kentaro , Kanemitsu Takao , Miyaoka Masaki , Hirano Akikazu , Takeda Kazuhiro , Hisabe Takashi , Ueki Toshiharu , Tanabe Hiroshi , Ota Atsuko , Haraoka Seiji , Iwashita Akinori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy are useful for differential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) of the large intestine and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to identify novel histopathological and endoscopic findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with CD who did not have Helicobacter pylori infection.Patients and methods Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on patients with CD and UC. Mucosal lesions detected were subsequently observed using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI), following which biopsy was performed. When no mucosal lesion was detected on conventional endoscopy, M-NBI and biopsy were performed on four sites: the gastric body, gastric antrum, duodenal bulb, and second portion of the duodenum.Results The prevalences of gastric metaplasia (GM) were 48 % (24/50) and 16 % (8/50) in the CD and UC groups, showing a significant difference (P = 0.001). In 23 of 24 patients with histologically proven GM in the CD group, mucosal lesions were detected using conventional white-light imaging (C-WLI). In 22 of 24 patients with histologically proven GM in the CD group, disappearance of normal villous structure and the presence of curved marginal crypt epithelium were noted using magnifying endoscopic findings characteristic of GM (M-GM). A combination of C-WLI and M-NBI yielded a significantly increased specificity (P = 0.004) and accuracy (P = 0.039).Conclusions The prevalence of GM in the duodenal mucosa was significantly higher in patients with CD than in controls. The identified endoscopic findings may be useful as novel indicators for the histological diagnosis of GM in the duodenum.
Auswirkungen der Ausgangsbeschränkungen im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19 auf Supermarktbesuche in Deutschland
Authors: Hepp Tobias , Marquart Pia , Jauck Christoph , Gefeller Olaf 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die in Deutschland ab Mitte März verhängten Ausgangsbeschränkungen hinterließen in vielen Bereichen des öffentlichen Lebens deutliche Spuren. Während das Vermeiden sozialer Kontakte in vielen Bereichen durchaus möglich war, blieb die Versorgung mit Lebensmitteln der Verantwortung der privaten Haushalte überlassen.
Ziel der Arbeit Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob und inwiefern die Beschränkungen zu Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Besuche von Supermärkten mit Personenkraftwagen geführt haben.
Material und Methoden Zur Verfügung stehen Daten über die Parkbewegungen von 136 Parkplätzen von Supermärkten in Deutschland zwischen Anfang Februar und Ende Mai. Im Fokus der Analysen stehen Veränderungen der Gesamtzahl an Parkvorgängen pro Tag und Stellplatz sowie deren Dauer.
Ergebnisse Mit Blick auf die Parkvorgänge zeigt sich eine deutliche Reduktion bis Ende April, unterbrochen durch einen temporären Anstieg um die Osterfeiertage. Nach Einführung der Maskenpflicht erholen sich die Werte wieder bis knapp unter das Vorniveau. Die Parkdauer verändert sich nur vergleichsweise wenig. Sie sinkt mit den Beschränkungen, steigt jedoch später leicht über das Niveau vor den Beschränkungen. Mittelfristig ist eine leichte Reduzierung der Parkvorgänge und eine Verlängerung ihrer Dauer um jeweils gut 5% zu beobachten.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz ausdrücklicher Ausnahme der Einkäufe von Lebensmitteln von den Ausgangsbeschränkungen zeigt sich auch in diesem Bereich ein dynamisches Anpassungsverhalten der Bevölkerung an die sich verändernden Gegebenheiten. Ein dauerhafter Effekt auf die Einkaufsgewohnheiten scheint gemessen an den Parkbewegungen unwahrscheinlich.
Design and characterization of a low-vibration laboratory with cylindrical inertia block geometry
Authors: Gong Wenjie , Liu Yu , Liao Wan-Ting , Gibbons Joseph , Hoffman Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2021

Many modern nanofabrication and imaging techniques require an ultra-quiet environment to reach optimal resolution. Isolation from ambient vibrations is often achieved by placing the sensitive instrument atop a massive block that floats on air springs and is surrounded by acoustic barriers. Because typical building noise drops off above 120 Hz, it is advantageous to raise the flexural resonance frequencies of the inertia block and instrument far above 120 Hz. However, it can be challenging to obtain a high fundamental frequency of the floating block using a simple rectangular design. Here, we design, construct, and characterize a vibration isolation system with a cylindrical inertia block, whose lowest resonance frequency of 249 Hz shows good agreement between finite element analysis simulation and directly measured modes. Our simulations show that a cylindrical design can achieve a higher fundamental resonance frequency than a rectangular design of the same mass.
Bistability in oxidative stress response determines the migration behavior of phytoplankton in turbulence
Authors: Carrara Francesco , Sengupta Anupam , Behrendt Lars , Vardi Assaf , Stocker Roman 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Turbulence has long been known to drive phytoplankton fitness and species succession: motile species dominate in calmer environments and non-motile species in turbulent conditions. Yet a mechanistic understanding of the effect of turbulence on phytoplankton migratory behavior and physiology is lacking. By combining a method to generate turbulent cues, quantification of stress accumulation and physiology, and a mathematical model of stress dynamics, we show that motile phytoplankton use their mechanical stability to sense the intensity of turbulent cues and integrate these cues in time via stress signaling to trigger switches in migratory behavior. The stress-mediated warning strategy we discovered provides a paradigm for how phytoplankton cope with turbulence, thereby potentially governing which species will be successful in a changing ocean.
Time-evolving controllability of effective connectivity networks during seizure progression
Authors: Scheid Brittany H. , Ashourvan Arian , Stiso Jennifer , Davis Kathryn A. , Mikhail Fadi , Pasqualetti Fabio , Litt Brian , Bassett Danielle S. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Responsive neurostimulation is an increasingly accessible treatment for medication-resistant epilepsy that aims to suppress seizures using electrical stimulation from implanted intracranial electrodes. However, the optimal cortical location and time point for intervening once a seizure begins are not well understood. Here we represent a seizure as a series of effective connectivity networks over time and compute metrics of network controllability and optimal control energy. Our results allow us to characterize when and where the brain network may be the most responsive to an external stimulus.
Abscisic acid regulates secondary cell-wall formation and lignin deposition in
Arabidopsis thaliana
through phosphorylation of NST1
Authors: Liu Chang , Yu Hasi , Rao Xiaolan , Li Laigeng , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Lignin deposition in plants is affected by environmental stress, and stress-signaling involves increases in the levels of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show, using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, how ABA can regulate lignin biosynthesis. This involves phosphorylation of the master lignin transcription factor NST1 by a family of protein kinases (SnRK2s) that are themselves activated by phosphorylation as a result of ABA recognition by its receptor. This work provides a basis for designing trees and other biomass plants that are better adapted to stress and climate change.
Nanopore-mediated protein delivery enabling three-color single-molecule tracking in living cells
Authors: Chen Zhongwen , Cao Yuhong , Lin Chun-Wei , Alvarez Steven , Oh Dongmyung , Yang Peidong , Groves Jay T. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Multichannel single-molecule tracking is a powerful tool to probe molecular interactions with high spatial-temporal resolution. Current methods have at least two major limitations: the lack of high-performance intracellular single-molecule fluorescence probes and the difficulty of multispecies single-molecule labelling. Here, we employ a nanopore-electroporation technique to deliver organic dye-labelled proteins into living cells to achieve multi-color single molecule tracking. These organic dyes have better optical and chemical properties than the probes currently used. Therefore, we significantly expand the selection of intracellular single-molecule probes to widely available dyes. We demonstrate the application of this technique by revealing detailed spatial resolution and dynamics of membrane EGFR signaling transductions, which will shed light on the understanding of its fundamental mechanism.
Efficient detection and post-surgical monitoring of colon cancer with a multi-marker DNA methylation liquid biopsy
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Zhu Dewen , Shao Fanggui , Chen Shiliang , Guo Ying , Li Kuan , Wang Yourong , Ding Rongxiu , Gao Lingjia , Ma Wen , Lu Tong , Li Dandan , Zhang Zhengzheng , Cai Suili , Liang Xue , Song Huayu , Ji Ling , Li Jinlei , Zheng Zhihai , Jiang Feizhao , Wu Xiaoli , Luan Ju , Zhang Huxiang , Yang Zhengquan , Cantor Charles R. , Xu Chang , Ding Chunming 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Colorectal cancer recurrence is one of the main causes of death. Early prediction of recurrence by minimal residual disease detection and longitudinal tumor monitoring can improve patient outcomes. Next-generation sequencing methods analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood can predict recurrence with high accuracy, but these methods are too expensive and complex to be broadly deployable. We have developed a cost-effective and easily implementable single-tube qPCR method (mqMSP) for quantifying a panel of ctDNA methylation markers. Using this panel to monitor patients after surgery can predict cancer recurrence with high accuracy and well in advance of methods in current use.
Genome-wide detection of cytosine methylation by single molecule real-time sequencing
Authors: Tse O. Y. Olivia , Jiang Peiyong , Cheng Suk Hang , Peng Wenlei , Shang Huimin , Wong John , Chan Stephen L. , Poon Liona C. Y. , Leung Tak Y. , Chan K. C. Allen , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing theoretically offers the opportunity to directly assess certain base modifications of native DNA molecules without any prior chemical/enzymatic conversions and PCR amplification, using kinetic signals of a DNA polymerase. However, the kinetic signal changes caused by 5mC modification are extremely subtle. Hence, the robust genome-wide measurement of 5mC modification has not been achieved. We enhanced 5mC detection using SMRT sequencing by holistically analyzing kinetic signals of a DNA polymerase and sequence context for every base within a measurement window. We employed a convolutional neural network to train a methylation classification model, leading to genome-wide 5mC detection. The sensitivity and specificity reached 90% and 94%, with a 99% correlation of overall methylation level with bisulfite sequencing.
Nascent fusion pore opening monitored at single-SNAREpin resolution
Authors: Heo Paul , Coleman Jeff , Fleury Jean-Baptiste , Rothman James E. , Pincet Frederic 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Using our recently designed microfluidic setup, we investigated the early stage of SNAREpin-induced fusion. We discovered the existence of subsecond transient fusion pores with a well-defined subnanometer size that occur when one or two SNAREpins are mediating vesicle fusion. In contrast, when vesicle fusion is mediated by three SNAREpins, the fusion pore reaches a diameter larger than 1.5 nm and expands spontaneously and indefinitely. These results quantitatively explain the need for a complex machinery to ensure a submillisecond neurotransmitter release after the arrival of the action potential during synaptic transmission.
The differential impact of the timing of form-focused instruction on the acquisition of the past counterfactual conditional and
framing expressions for English questions
Authors: Saeed Hussein Sulyman , Reinders Hayo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study compared the effect of the timing of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of the past
counterfactual conditional (PCC) and framing expressions (FEs) for English questions. Sixty-three EFL adult learners received a total of six
hours of isolated or integrated FFI on the target features. Acquisition was measured by means of cloze tests and interviews. The results
obtained from a mixed-design ANOVA indicated that the learners in the two experimental groups made significant gains on the two language
measures. A dependent t-test revealed that the two target structures responded differentially to the timing of form-focused instruction. We
discuss some of the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings.
Carbohydrate supplementation during a simulated 10‐km open water swimming race: effects on physiological, perceptual parameters and performance.
Authors: Baldassarre Roberto , Ieno Cristian , Bonifazi Marco , Di Castro Andrea , Gianfelici Antonio , Piacentini Maria Francesca 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to test the effect of carbohydrate ingestion, simulating a 10‐km open water race competition on energy cost (Csw), perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), stroke rate (SR) and performance. We hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion would reduce Csw and RPE in elite open water swimmers (OW‐swimmers) and improve performance. Eight elite OW‐swimmers swam for 3 × 30 min with 20‐s of interval necessary to collect data in the swimming flume at a pre‐set pace corresponding to their 10‐km race pace, followed by a time to exhaustion test (TTE) at 100% of the peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). During the set, OW‐swimmers ingested 45‐g of carbohydrates (CHO) in 550‐mL of water (8% solution) during each of the two intervals or a placebo solution (PLA). HR, RPE, V̇O2 and SR were measured. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normal distribution of data. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and t‐test was performed (p < 0.05). A significant difference emerged in TTE between the trials (169.00 ± 91.06 s in CHO; 102.31 ± 57.47 s in PLA). HR, RPE and SR increased during the TTE but did not differ between trials. Csw did not show a significant main effect between the two conditions and in time course in both conditions. CHO ingestion significantly increased TTE at 100% of V̇O2peak after 90‐min of swimming at 10‐km race pace. These findings indicate that CHO intake during a 10‐km open water swimming competition should have a beneficial impact on performance in the final part of the race.
Judicial Selection and Criminal Punishment
Authors: Taylor Travis N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper develops and tests a theory that in states with judicial elections, criminal justice outcomes will be more punitive than in states without elections. Leveraging a data set previously unused in the judicial politics literature, I estimate time-series regressions of state sentencing and incarceration rates over a 38-year period while distinguishing between types of judicial elections to establish support for the theory. I find that states where trial judges are reelected are generally more punitive than states without judicial elections, and this punitiveness is in response to the public’s ideological preferences, indicating that elections serve as an important judicial accountability mechanism for citizens.
Effect of skin conductivity on the electric field induced by transcranial stimulation techniques in different head models
Authors: Colella Micol , Paffi Alessandra , De Santis Valerio , Apollonio Francesca , Liberti Micaela 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims at quantifying the effect that using different skin conductivity values has on the estimation of the electric (E)-field distribution induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the brain of two anatomical models. The induced E-field was calculated with numerical simulations inside MIDA and Duke models, assigning to the skin a conductivity value estimated from a multi-layered skin model and three values taken from literature. The effect of skin conductivity variations on the local E-field induced by tDCS in the brain was up to 70%. In TMS, minor local differences, in the order of 20%, were obtained in regions of interest for the onset of possible side effects. Results suggested that an accurate model of the skin is necessary in all numerical studies that aim at precisely estimating the E-field induced during TMS and tDCS applications. This also highlights the importance of further experimental studies on human skin characterization, especially at low frequencies.