bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Intensity Modes of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Veliev G. O. , Weissman Yu. D. , Patchenskaya I. V. , Poltavskaya M. G. 
Published: April 2021

Aim To compare effects of neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) with various intensity of induced muscle contractions on its tolerance and effect on physical work ability in elderly patients admitted for chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods The study included 22 patients older than 60 years admitted for decompensated CHF. NMES was performed from the 2nd or 3d day of stay in the hospital to the discharge from the hospital. Patients choose the stimulation regimen themselves based on the result of the first session: the high intensity to achieve maximum tolerable muscle contractions (group 1) or the lower intensity to achieve visible/ palpable muscle contractions (group 2). Prior to the onset and after the completion of the training, the 6-min walk test (6MWT) was performed and the general condition of the patient was assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS).Results More patients, mostly women, chose the less intensive NMES (14 vs. 8). The groups did not differ in age, comorbidity, and functional condition. Both groups achieved considerable increases in the 6MWT distance (7.3 [5.6; 176] and 9.8 [7.0; 9.9] %, respectively, p>0.05) and VAS scores without a significant difference between the groups. Among the patients who were compliant with continuing NMES after the discharge from the hospital, 69% were patients of the group of the less intensive stimulation.Conclusion The less intensive NMES (with achieving visible muscle contractions) was characterized by better tolerance and better compliance in elderly patients with decompensated CHF compared to the more intensive NMES (with achieving maximum contractions), but the less intensive NMES was not inferior to the more intensive NMES in effectiveness.
Um framework teórico sobre a dimensão social da inteligência das Cidades Inteligentes
Authors: Beck Donizete Ferreira , Da Silva Neto Wilson Levy Braga , Bezerra Antônio Joelson Rodrigues , Araújo Victória De Melo , Távora Carla Gomes Rodrigues 
Published: April 2021

Sob a globalização e o uso em larga escala das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, as Cidades Inteligentes surgiram para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população e o contexto socioespacial com políticas públicas e sistemas urbanos eficientes. Este artigo identifica e explora a dimensão social das cidades inteligentes. O método utilizado foi a revisão de literatura, sob análise qualitativa e exploratória. Criou-se um framework teórico da dimensão social das cidades inteligentes, em que seu núcleo é uma governança urbana que dispõe dos mecanismos da participação social e das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para produzir valor social, e assim, beneficiar a sociedade pela transformação do ambiente urbano nas Cidades Inteligentes. Também, identificou-se os atores sociais desse processo: o poder público, a indústria, as empresas, a sociedade e a academia. Os principais aspectos sociais identificados foram o fortalecimento dos laços comunitários, melhor segurança pública e acessibilidade urbana. A interação entre o núcleo da dimensão social (governança, Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e valores sociais), os aspectos sociais e os atores sociais enfatizam: a eficiência dos serviços públicos, o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, a inovação dos sistemas públicos, a modernização estrutural e o desenvolvimento educacional e humano. Também, foram sugeridas implicações de estudos futuros, inclusive que o framework proposto pode ser utilizado em estudos de casos para análise da dimensão social em cidades inteligentes.
Perspectives on Aging‐Related Preparation
Authors: Sörensen Silvia , Missell Rachel L. , Eustice‐Corwin Alexander , Otieno Dorine A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen older adults face age‐related life challenges, anticipating what to expect and how to access potential coping strategies can both prevent and provide the possibility of easier recovery from crises. Aging‐Related Preparation (ARP) is defined as the continuum of thoughts and activities about how to age well, often beginning with the awareness of age‐related changes, or the anticipation of retirement, and concluding with specifying end‐of‐life wishes. In the current paper, we introduce the concept of ARP and related formulations regarding plans for aging well, describe both predictors and outcomes of ARP for several the domains of ARP, and consider the elements of ARP within the context of existing social policy. We conclude that ARP is determined by a variety of influences both intrinsic to the older person (e.g., personality, cognitive ability, beliefs about planning, problem‐solving skills), linked to social class and education, as well as dependent on family structures, access to and knowledge of options, services, and local community resources, and social policy. We further provide evidence that ARP has positive effects in the domain of pre‐retirement planning (for retirement adjustment), of preparation for future care (for emotional well‐being), and of ACP (for a good death). However, other domains of ARP, including planning for leisure, housing, and social planning are under‐researched. Finally, we discuss policy implications of the existing research.
Comparison of the fungicidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their conjugation on oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Badiei Parisa , Yousefi Motahareh , Haddadi Pardis 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of common photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy by the silver nanoparticle, methylene blue, and their combination on biofilm and plankton cells of standard oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, biofilm and plankton cells of Candida species(i.e. C .albicans and C. parapsilosis) and plankton cells of Candida glabrata were treated with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their combination once alone and then with the irradiation of total dose of 1.92 J/cm² for 60 sec. The minimum inhibitory concentration and antifungal activity of each approach were evaluated using the XTT assay.
Results: After photodynamic therapy, methylene blue showed antifungal effect only on Candida albicans, while the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles was increased on all Candida species. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy with the combination of methylene blue and silver nanoparticles did not have any effect on C. albicans. However, it reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration value of C. parapsilosis, and the most antifungal effect was observed on C. glabrata.
Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers can serve as a treatment modality in Candida infections of the oral cavity. Antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy was strain- and photosensitizer-dependent.
Mucormycosis: Literature review and retrospective report of 15 cases from Portugal
Authors: Prista-Leao Beatriz , Abreu Isabel , Claudia Carvalho Ana , Sarmento Antonio , Santos Lurdes 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Prevalence of mucormycosis is growing with the increase of the population at risk. Current recommendations for its management are mostly based on retrospective studies. 3 study aimed to present the cumulative experience of an Infectious Diseases Department from a Portuguese hospital in the management of mucormycosis and discuss the potential gaps in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of this infection.
Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, the electronic hospital database was searched for adult patients with mucormycosis from 1996 to 2019 based on the definition provided by the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared to what had been described in the related literature.
Results: In total, 15 cases of mucormycosis were found, including 11 cases with sinus involvement (10 with central nervous system involvement), two pulmonary, and two gastrointestinal infections. Diabetes mellitus (n=7) and corticosteroid therapy (n=7) were frequent risk factors. Median duration of symptoms before the suspicion of diagnosis was 26 days (3-158). The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 patients mostly by histopathology (n=9); the culture was positive only once. Systemic antifungals and surgical debridement were the backbones of treatment; however, side effects, the need for therapeutic drug monitoring, and the anatomical location of lesions added complexity to management. Overall, seven patients died, two of them before the consideration of clinical suspicion.
Conclusion: More medications are becoming available for the treatment of mucormycosis. Nevertheless, we believe that its prognosis will only significantly change through the increase of awareness and reduction of the time to diagnosis. An effective multidisciplinary approach among surgeons, infectious diseases specialists, radiologists, microbiologists, and anatomopathologists is critical to the achievement of this goal.
Bio-protective Effects of Lactobacillus Plantarum subsp.plantarum Against Aflatoxin B1 Genotoxicity on Human Blood Lymphocytes: A Native Probiotic Strain Isolated FromIranian Camel Milk
Authors: Afshar Parvaneh , Roozbeh-Nasiraie Leila , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Ghorbani-HasanSaraei Azade , Naghizadeh-Raeisi Shahram 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Aflatoxin B1 is one of the main poisonous substances in certain kinds of fungi all over the world. The toxin is a serious health threat to humans and livestock, particularly via DNA damage, and induces multiple cancers. Probiotic agents have confirmed positive beneficial effects in DNA protection against various toxic compounds. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the bio-protective effects of a native Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarumNIMBB003 strain isolated from Iranian one-humped camel milk against AflatoxinB1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxicity damage, based on the micronucleus test as a genotoxicity monitoring method.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a human male blood sample was treated and incubated with107, 109, and 1011CFU/mL of viable L. plantarum and IC50 dose ofAFB1alone and in combination. Afterward, assessed the rate of production of the micronucleus in bi-nucleated lymphocytes. It must be noted that a p-value of less than0.05 was considered significantly significant.
Results: Based on the findings, the combined treatment of the L. plantarum at 1011 and109CFU/mL dose with 5.33±0.57% of the micronuclei fragments had protective effects and significantly decreased the genotoxicity of AFB1 by 76%.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that L. plantarum in 109 CFU/mL had high protective potency against AFB1 genotoxicity. Consequently, the use of local, natural, and native protected compounds with antioxidant effects, such as probiotics agents, is one of the objectives of developing a green strategy in macro-management policies for the discovery and production of new medicines and functional foods with protective/therapeutic effects against nutritional and endogenous DNA toxins.
La evaluación de las prácticas profesionales de coenseñanza
Authors: Arriagada Carlos Roberto , Venegas Natalie Gislaine , Calzadilla-Pérez Oscar Ovidio 
Published: April 2021

La coenseñanza es una estrategia reconocida internacionalmente por sus potencialidades en el desarrollo profesional docente y en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, que implica considerables transformaciones en el aula escolar. El Ministerio de Educación chileno implementó esta estrategia mediante los Programas de Integración Escolar, al señalarla como una herramienta para la mejora de la calidad de la educación. En consecuencia, este trabajo centra su objetivo en la evaluación de las prácticas de coenseñanza por medio de un estudio descriptivo y mixto que se apoya en la entrevista y el grupo focal. Este último se convirtió en un escenario de comprensión y reflexión sobre la gestión pedagógica y curricular de los docentes a propósito de las prácticas de coenseñanza. A partir de esta evaluación, se identificaron tanto dificultades en el área de gestión del tiempo para la preparación de la enseñanza como la prevalencia del trabajo aislado por parte del docente de aula y del educador diferencial. Las acciones de mejora instrumentada fortalecieron el liderazgo pedagógico, el diseño de la enseñanza, las relaciones interpersonales, el desarrollo profesional docente y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
The complex successive rehabilitation of children with consequences of perinatal lesion of nervous system
Authors: Krivonogova T. S. , Paramonova G. F. , Tropova T. E. , Matveeva L. A. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of rehabilitation measures on physical growth and cognitive functions in preschool children.We examined 224 children from 4 to 7 years old and in 197 (88%) of them revealed high level of health deviations. The most frequent were cervical insufficiency and bearing abnormality, of general and delicate motions, speech abnormalities. All children underwent cognitive functions checkup. In this connection we tilled the complex of rehabilitation measures for the children with physical growth and cognitive functions abnormalities. The efficacy of rehabilitation measures was estimated 3 years later.
Activity of kallikrein-kinin system at patients with asiderotic anemia
Authors: Zhilkova N. N. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of investigation is to study the state of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and proteinase inhibitors at patients with asiderotic anemia prior to and after the treatment. 58 patients with asiderotic anemia prior to the treatment and in dynamics after 3 weeks have been examined. KKS state has been estimated by kallikrein, prekallikrein, proteinase α1-inhibitor (Pα1I) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) levels in blood plasma having been investigated by Paskhina’s et al.chromatographic method and by Nartikova’s and Paskhina’s unified enzymatic method.Patients with asiderotic anemia had the rise of KKS activity. Its change differences depending on the disease duration have been revealed. At short disease duration a regulated KKS activation and its stable state have been marked. After the treatment at patients with medium severity degree it happens a normalization of all KKS parameters, at patients with serious anemia the high activity of Pα1I persists. The continuous treatment of anemia has led to the development of pathological type activation that had persisted at patients after the treatment.It has been revealed that the degree of KKS activation intensity and its renewal after the implemented treatment depended on the duration and severity of the disease.
Comparative analysis of cognitive functions in patients with episodic and chronic tension-type headache combined with psychovegetative syndrome and cerebrovascular disorders
Authors: Yegorova Ye. A. , Grigoriyeva V. N. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study was to compare cognitive functions in patients with episodic tension-type headache (EpTTH) and chronic tension-type headache (ChTTH).EpTTH was diagnosed in 34 patients in which it combined with psychovegetative syndrome in 17 persons and with cerebrovascular disorders in 28 persons. ChTTH was diagnosed in 57patients; it was associated with psychovegetative syndrome in 17 of them and with cerebrovascular disorders in 40 of them.Difference between EpTTH and ChTTH patients was revealed only for the patients with psychovegetative syndrome. Such difference was slight and refered the tests for attention switching.. Patients with cerebrovascular disorders demonstrated worse modally non-specific problems with memory and attention and higher anxiety and depression levels that patients with psychovegetative syndrome.Results suggest the different mechanisms of tension headache prolongation in the patients with psychovegetative syndrome and cerebrovascular disorders. The chronic tension headache itself doesn’t worse the cognitive functions while general causes exist which influence neuropsychological decline as well as tension headache stability.
The experience of used Korteksin preparation in complex treatment disease vein Gilles de la Tourette in children
Authors: Solomin S. A. , Shmidt I. R. , Galantyuk I. G. 
Published: April 2021

The disease Gilles de la Tourette (generalized teak, disease or syndrome Tourette and others) — respecting rare organic disease of the encephalon, revealing presence varied hyperkinesias and vocals of the breaches.Under observation was found 26 children at age with 7 before 14 years with different degree evidence motor and vocals frustration at period with 2002 on 2007. Of them boys 21 (80,7%), girls 5 (19,2%). All children got the traditional treatment by used our department with addition of Korteksin preparation in medical drug blockade in points Vg 15, 16. Korteksin in complex treatment disease Gilles de la Tourette promotes more quick and more long removal motor and vocals frustration.
Prediction of Nonunion After Nonoperative Treatment of a Proximal Humeral Fracture
Authors: Goudie Ewan B. , Robinson C. Michael 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The prevalence of nonunion after a proximal humeral fracture (PHF) and the risk factors for its occurrence are poorly defined. We aimed to estimate the rate of nonunion in nonoperatively treated patients and to produce a clinical model for its prediction.

Methods:
Two thousand two hundred and thirty adult patients (median age, 72 years [range, 18 to 103 years]; 75.5% were female) with a PHF underwent assessment of fracture union using standard clinical evaluation and conventional radiographs. We assessed the prevalence of nonunion and measured the effect of 19 parameters on healing. Best statistical practices were used to construct a multivariate logistic regression model. The PHF assessment of risk of nonunion model (PHARON) was externally validated in a subsequent prospectively collected population of 735 patients, treated by the same protocol in our institution.

Results:
Overall, 231 (10.4%) of 2,230 patients developed nonunion. Only 3 (0.8%) of 395 patients with a head-shaft angle (HSA) of >140° developed nonunion; in this cohort, none of the measured candidate variables were independently predictive of nonunion on multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the larger cohort of 1,835 patients with an HSA of ≤140°, 228 (12.4%) developed nonunion. Decreasing HSA, increasing head-shaft translation (HST), and smoking were independently predictive of nonunion on multivariate analysis. The prevalence of nonunion was very low (1%) in the majority with both an HSA of >90° and HST of <50%, whereas the risk was much higher (83.7%) in the 8.3% with an HSA of ≤90° and HST of ≥50%. In both groups, the prevalence of nonunion was much higher in smokers.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of nonunion after PHF is higher than previously reported. Most patients have favorable risk-factor estimates and a very low risk of this complication, but a smaller subgroup is at much higher risk. The risk can be accurately estimated with PHARON, using standard clinical assessment tools.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modelling infectious diseases with herd immunity in a randomly mixed population
Authors: Law Kian Boon , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu M. , Ibrahim Hishamshah Mohd. , Abdullah Noor Hisham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The conventional susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model tends to overestimate the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and ends up with total infections and total immunized population exceeding the threshold required for control and eradication of infectious diseases. The study aims to overcome the limitation by allowing the transmission rate of infectious disease to decline along with the reducing risk of contact infection. Methods Two new SIR models were developed to mimic the declining transmission rate of infectious diseases at different stages of transmission. Model A mimicked the declining transmission rate along with the reducing risk of transmission following infection, while Model B mimicked the declining transmission rate following recovery. Then, the conventional SIR model, Model A and Model B were used to simulate an infectious disease with a basic reproduction number (r0) of 3.0 and a herd immunity threshold (HIT) of 0.667 with and without vaccination. The infectious disease was expected to be controlled or eradicated when the total immunized population either through infection or vaccination reached the level predicted by the HIT. Outcomes of simulations were assessed at the time when the total immunized population reached the level predicted by the HIT, and at the end of simulations.Findings All three models performed likewise at the beginning of the transmission when sizes of infectious and recovered were relatively small as compared with the population size. The infectious disease modelled using the conventional SIR model appeared completely out of control even when the HIT was achieved in all scenarios with and without vaccination. The infectious disease modelled using Model A appeared to be controlled at the level predicted by the HIT in all scenarios with and without vaccination. Model B projected the infectious disease to be controlled at the level predicted by the HIT only at high vaccination rates. At lower vaccination rates or without vaccination, the level at which the infectious disease was controlled cannot be accurately predicted by the HIT. Conclusion Transmission dynamics of infectious diseases with herd immunity can accurately be modelled by allowing the transmission rate of infectious disease to decline along with the combined risk of contact infection. Model B provides a more credible framework for modelling infectious diseases with herd immunity in a randomly mixed population.
Single-cell detection of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Singer Robert , Sato Hanae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA degradation pathway that eliminates transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs). Half-lives of the mRNAs containing PTCs demonstrates that a small percent escape surveillance and do not degrade. It is not known whether this escape represents variable mRNA degradation within cells or, alternatively cells within the population are resistant. Here we demonstrate a single-cell approach with a bi-directional reporter, which expresses two b-globin genes with or without a PTC in the same cell, to characterize the efficiency of NMD in individual cells. We found a broad range of NMD efficiency in the population; some cells degraded essentially all of the mRNAs, while others escaped NMD almost completely. Characterization of NMD efficiency together with NMD regulators in single cells showed cell-to-cell variability of NMD reflects the differential level of surveillance factors, SMG1 and phosphorylated UPF1. A single-cell fluorescent reporter system that enabled detection of NMD using flow cytometry revealed that this escape occurred either by translational readthrough at the PTC or by failure of mRNA degradation after successful translation termination at the PTC.