bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide is necessary during tail regeneration in juvenile axolotl
Authors: Carbonell M Belfran , Zapata Cardona Juliana , Delgado Jean Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during appendage regeneration among vertebrates. However, its role during tail regeneration in axolotl as redox signaling molecule is unclear.ResultsTreatment with exogenous H2O2rescues inhibitory effects of apocynin‐induced growth suppression in tail blastema cells leading to cell proliferation. H2O2also promotes recruitment of immune cells, regulate the activation of AKT kinase andAgr2expression during blastema formation. Additionally, ROS/H2O2regulates the expression and transcriptional activity of Yap1 and its target genesCtgfandAreg.ConclusionsThese results show that H2O2is necessary and sufficient to promote tail regeneration in axolotls. Additionally, Akt signaling andAgr2were identified as ROS targets, suggesting that ROS/H2O2is likely to regulate epimorphic regeneration through these signaling pathways. In addition, ROS/H2O2‐dependent‐Yap1 activity is required during tail regeneration.
Repairing recruitment processes with sound technology to accelerate habitat restoration
Authors: Williams Brittany R. , McAfee Dominic , Connell Sean D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumanity’s ambitions to revive ecosystems at large scales require solutions to move restoration efforts beyond the small scale. There are increasing calls for technological solutions to reduce costs and facilitate large‐scale restoration through the use of emerging technologies using an adaptive process of research and development. We show how technological enrichment of marine soundscapes may provide a solution that repairs the recruitment process to accelerate the recovery of lost marine habitats. This solution would solve the problems of current practice that largely relies upon natural recruitment processes, which carries considerable risk where recruitment is variable or eroded. By combining the literature with laboratory experiments, we describe evidence for “highways of sound” that convey navigable information for dispersing life stages in search for adult habitat. We show that these navigational cues tend to be silenced as their habitat is lost, creating negative feedbacks that hinders restoration. We suggest that reprovisioning soundscapes using underwater technology offers the potential to reverse this feedback and entice target organisms to recruit in greater densities. Collective evidence indicates that the application of soundscape theory and technology may unlock the recruitment potential needed to trigger the recruitment of target organisms and the natural soundscapes they create at large scales.
Pool choice in a vertical landscape: Tadpole‐rearing site flexibility in phytotelm‐breeding frogs
Authors: Fouilloux Chloe A. , Serrano Rojas Shirley Jennifer , Carvajal‐Castro Juan David , Valkonen Janne K. , Gaucher Philippe , Fischer Marie‐Therese , Pašukonis Andrius , Rojas Bibiana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany species of Neotropical frogs have evolved to deposit their tadpoles in small water bodies inside plant structures called phytotelmata. These pools are small enough to exclude large predators but have limited nutrients and high desiccation risk. Here, we explore phytotelm use by three common Neotropical species: Osteocephalus oophagus, an arboreal frog that periodically feeds eggs to its tadpoles; Dendrobates tinctorius, a tadpole‐transporting poison frog with cannibalistic tadpoles; and Allobates femoralis, a terrestrial tadpole‐transporting poison frog with omnivorous tadpoles. We found that D. tinctorius occupies pools across the chemical and vertical gradient, whereas A. femoralis and O. oophagus appear to have narrower deposition options that are restricted primarily by pool height, water capacity, alkalinity, and salinity. Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles are particularly flexible and can survive in a wide range of chemical, physical, and biological conditions, whereas O. oophagus seems to prefer small, clear pools and A. femoralis occupies medium‐sized pools with abundant leaf litter and low salinity. Together, these results show the possible niche partitioning of phytotelmata among frogs and provide insight into stressors and resilience of phytotelm breeders.
Development of portable active suspension for welfare support devices: Controller design and performance evaluation of one‐degree‐of‐freedom prototype
Authors: Maezato Keigo , Asato Kentaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we developed a small prototype of a one‐degree‐of‐freedom portable active suspension for welfare support devices. The suspension is expected to be applied to welfare support devices such as wheelchairs, transport trolleys, and child seats. This paper presents the mechanism and the state space representation of the developed suspension, and an evaluation of the frequency domain characteristics and time domain response of the controlled system with poles assignment method. Furthermore, experiments under three road surface conditions were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed suspension.
Association of early administration of furosemide with improved oxygenation in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Mikami Takafumi , Ishii Masanobu , Yamamoto Nobuyasu , Marume Kyohei , Nakai Michikazu , Ogata Soshiro , Kaichi Ryota , Ikebe Sou , Mori Takayuki , Komaki Soichi , Kusaka Hiroaki , Toida Reiko , Kurogi Kazumasa , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Ogawa Hisao , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsOptimal pharmacological treatment for chronic heart failure has been established. However, treatments that can improve the prognosis of acute heart failure (AHF) are controversial. Although intravenous diuretics may be one optimal treatment option, little evidence has shown the effect of early administration of diuretics on clinical outcomes in patients with AHF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between door‐to‐furosemide (D2F) time, improved oxygenation, and in‐hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for AHF.Methods and resultsWe screened 494 patients hospitalized for AHF in Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital. AHF patients who were treated with intravenous furosemide within 24 h of arrival at the hospital were included in this study. D2F time was defined as the time from patient arrival at the hospital to the first intravenous dose of furosemide. The early administration group was defined as those with D2F time ≤60 min, whereas the non‐early group was defined as those with D2F time >60 min. The primary outcome was the rate of improved oxygenation at Day 1. The secondary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and cardiac death.There were 219 patients treated with the first intravenous dose of furosemide within 24 h analysed after the exclusion of 275 patients. The median D2F time was 55 min (interquartile range: 30–120 min) in the final cohort. The early administration group included 121 patients (55.3%). The rate of improved oxygenation was higher in the early group than the non‐early group [median 16.7% (interquartile range: 0.0–40.0) vs. 0.0% (0.0–20.6), respectively, P < 0.001]. During the study period, there were six patients (5.0%) with in‐hospital mortality in the early group and nine patients (9.2%) in the non‐early group (P = 0.218). Cardiac death was observed less frequently in the early group than in the non‐early group, but without statistical significance (3.3% and 9.2%, respectively) (P = 0.067). The univariable logistic regression analyses showed that early administration of furosemide was associated with improved oxygenation [odds ratio (OR): 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–3.91; P = 0.004], but not with in‐hospital mortality (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.18–1.50; P = 0.225) or cardiac death (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.10–1.13; P = 0.079). In multivariable analyses adjusted for risk score or relevant variables, early administration of furosemide was consistently associated with improvement of oxygenation.ConclusionsThe present study showed that in AHF patients, the early administration of furosemide was associated with improved oxygenation.
Impact of air‐frying on the plasmalogens deterioration and oxidation in oyster revealed by mild acid hydrolysis and HILIC‐MS‐based lipidomics analysis
Authors: Lu Weibo , Zhang Min , Zhang Ting , Wang Qingchen , Wang Jie , Song Gongshuai , Wang Honghai , Feng Junli , Shen Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOyster is rich in plasmalogens that are ether phospholipids with biological functions to human body. Air‐frying is a popular technique for preparing delicious oyster but makes the plasmalogens vulnerable to oxidation. In this study, the effect of air‐frying processing on plasmalogens oxidation was studied by lipidomic approach. Plasmalogens were always mixed with normal phospholipids, thus the lipid extract was treated with mild acid hydrolysis to rapidly degrade plasmalogens owing to the acid lability of vinyl ether linkage at sn‐1 position. After hydrophilic interaction chromatography MS/MS analysis, there were three plasmalogen classes, plasmanylcholine, plasmanylethanolamine, and plasmanylinositol, completely separated, and each plasmalogen molecular species was identified and quantified. It indicated that the content of plasmalogens underwent an obvious decrease during the air‐frying process. To weaken such effect, the influence of air‐frying temperature was further inspected by multivariate statistical analyses. The main variables, including the ions of m/z 756.4927, 784.5486, 828.5812, etc., were revealed by unsupervised principle component analysis, supervised orthogonal partial least‐square analysis, and variable importance in projection plot. As a conclusion, air‐frying has health benefits in reducing fat content but destructive to plasmalogens, thus interventions are recommended to prevent the degradation of plasmalogens.
Microorganisms that are critical for the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage
Authors: Guo Linna , Wang Xuekai , Lin Yanli , Yang Xueping , Ni Kuikui , Yang Fuyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSilage quality remains an important issue in farming, as do limitations in the range of products suitable for animal fodder. We therefore explored the microorganisms that are critical for the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage. Low (unwilted) and high (wilted) dry matter (DM) paper mulberry were harvested at two cutting times. These were ensiled for 0, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days, respectively. Compared with unwilted silages, wilting significantly decreased (p < 0.05) silage pH value, ammonia‐N concentration, and yeast counts but increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid content. In addition, higher (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) contents were also observed in wilted silages. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed that wilting reduced the abundance of Enterobacter, while increasing that of Lactobacillus. Single‐molecule real‐time sequencing (SMRT) revealed that the silage was enriched in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus rhamnosus after wilting, which showed a positive correlation with CP and lactic acid content. We conclude that wilting may help preserve paper mulberry silage, facilitating its use as a new fodder resource. Moreover, L. rhamnosus has the potential to be developed as a new inoculant for the modulation in wilted silages, particularly paper mulberry silage.
Association of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status with brain volume changes
Authors: Lee Yeonjae (Angel) , Yoon Sungjin , Kim SangYun , Youn Young Chul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVitamin D is critical to brain function and its deficiency accelerates cognitive impairment. There is limited understanding of the brain‐specific areas that undergo volume change in relation to blood vitamin D levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between blood 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and structural changes in the brain. We analyzed structural three‐dimensional T1 MRI images of 201 elderly individuals (mean age = 74.91 ± 9.21 years; 68.1% female; mean 25(OH)D = 18.05 nmol/L), with 10 community‐based normal healthy subjects, 33 with subjective cognitive decline, 97 with mild cognitive impairment, and 61 with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To analyze the structural changes in the brain respective to blood 25(OH)D, multiple regression analyses were performed using voxel‐based morphometry with age and total intracranial volume as covariates. Lower 25(OH)D level were associated with reduced brain volume in right olfactory, rectus GM regions (FWE‐corr, p < .05) for entire subjects. For AD subjects, left parahippocampal, fusiform, and hippocampal areas were positively associated with 25(OH)D (FWE‐corr, p < .05). Low blood 25(OH)D was associated with reduced volumes in olfactory and hippocampal regions in elderly patients with cognitive decline. Our results may provide insight into the neurological pathophysiology of vitamin D.
Inverse probability weighting is an effective method to address selection bias during the analysis of high dimensional data
Authors: Carry Patrick M. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Dong Fran , Buckner Teresa , Litkowski Elizabeth , Vigers Timothy , Norris Jill M. , Kechris Katerina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOmics studies frequently use samples collected during cohort studies. Conditioning on sample availability can cause selection bias if sample availability is nonrandom. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is purported to reduce this bias. We evaluated IPW in an epigenome‐wide analysis testing the association between DNA methylation (261,435 probes) and age in healthy adolescent subjects (n = 114). We simulated age and sex to be correlated with sample selection and then evaluated four conditions: complete population/no selection bias (all subjects), naïve selection bias (no adjustment), and IPW selection bias (selection bias with IPW adjustment). Assuming the complete population condition represented the “truth,” we compared each condition to the complete population condition. Bias or difference in associations between age and methylation was reduced in the IPW condition versus the naïve condition. However, genomic inflation and type 1 error were higher in the IPW condition relative to the naïve condition. Postadjustment using bacon, type 1 error and inflation were similar across all conditions. Power was higher under the IPW condition compared with the naïve condition before and after inflation adjustment. IPW methods can reduce bias in genome‐wide analyses. Genomic inflation is a potential concern that can be minimized using methods that adjust for inflation.
Thiazolidinediones and Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: van Dalem Judith , Driessen Johanna H. M. , Burden Andrea M. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Klungel Olaf H. , de Vries Frank , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are potential pharmacological treatment options for patients at risk of NAFLD. Therefore, we examined the association between the risk of NAFLD and the use of TZDs and GLP‐1 receptor agonists compared with the use of sulfonylureas (SUs) and insulins. Additionally, we calculated the incidence of HCC in users of TZDs and GLP‐1 receptor agonists.

Approach and Results
We conducted a population‐based cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database (2007‐2018). All patients aged ≥18 with a prescription of an oral glucose‐lowering agent or GLP‐1 receptor agonist were included. The first prescription defined the start of follow‐up. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of NAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of the primary outcome. Incidence rates of HCC were determined per 1,000 person‐years for all exposures. The study identified 207,367 adults with a prescription for a glucose‐lowering agent. The risk of NAFLD was lower in patients prescribed a TZD than in those prescribed an SU (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.51). No difference in risk of NAFLD was observed comparing GLP‐1 receptor agonist use with insulin use (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.91‐1.63).

Conclusions
Results of our study endorse the use of TZDs for selected patients at risk of NAFLD but do not support previous findings regarding the beneficial effect of GLP‐1 receptor agonists. The low number of events in several subgroups may affect the generalizability of the current findings.
Efficacy of hydrated phospholipid polymer interfaces between all‐polymer bearings for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kyomoto Masayuki , Moro Toru , Yamane Shihori , Watanabe Kenichi , Hashimoto Masami , Tanaka Sakae , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeasurements of wear resistance and metal ion release are important for designing bearing couples or interfaces in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, we investigated wear resistance and metal ion release of surface‐modified metal‐free all‐polymer hip bearings, such as poly(ether‐ether‐ketone), (PEEK) on cross‐linked polyethylene (PEEK‐on‐CLPE), with a hydrated gel‐like surface layer, to propose an improved alternative to the conventional materials used to design THA bearings. The PEEK surface resulted in less metal ion release than the cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (Co–Cr–Mo) alloy surface owing to the lack of metal. The PEEK‐on‐CLPE bearing (6.33 mg/106 cycles) had lower wear (rate) than the bearing with Co–Cr–Mo alloy‐on‐CLPE (10.47 mg/106 cycles) under controlled laboratory conditions; the wear performance of the all‐polymer hip bearings was further improved with hemi‐ or both‐surface modified with a hydrated poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) layer (3.74 and 3.06 mg/106 cycles, respectively). The PMPC‐grafted interface of PEEK‐on‐CLPE will be especially suitable for THA candidates. This study is of key importance for the design of lifelong THA and a better understanding of the limitations resulting from using PEEK. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the possibility of using this material in artificial hips.
Dietary management and growth outcomes in children with propionic acidemia: A natural history study
Authors: Saleemani Haneen , Egri Csilla , Horvath Gabriella , Stockler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Elango Rajavel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPropionic acidemia (PROP) is an autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of propionyl‐CoA carboxylase (PCC) which is involved in the catalytic breakdown of the amino acids valine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine. PROP nutritional management is based on dietary protein restriction and use of special medical formulas which are free of the offending amino acids, but are enriched in leucine. The resulting imbalance among branched‐chain amino acids negatively impacts plasma concentrations of valine and isoleucine, which might impact growth in children with PROP.Objective and MethodsOur primary objective was to describe dietary protein and calorie intake and their impact on long‐term growth outcomes of four PROP patients. This was accomplished through a longitudinal retrospective chart review following the cohort from birth to 18 years.ResultsAll children (n = 4) had poor growth outcomes with persistently reduced height‐for‐age Z scores, and elevated weight and body mass index (BMI) Z scores. Energy intakes for all subjects were within 80% to 120% of the dietary reference intakes for age. All children had low intakes of intact protein compared with current guidelines and were supplemented with medical formula and single l‐amino acids (valine and/or isoleucine), which led to the excess consumption of total protein.ConclusionDespite adequate total protein and energy intakes, all children had persistently low height Z scores. Restricted intact protein consumption together with the abundant use of medical formula could have affected overall growth. To optimize dietary management in patients with PROP, further research is needed to determine the optimal intake of medical formula relative to intact protein.
Organization of the central nervous system and innervation of cephalic sensory structures in the water bear Echiniscus testudo (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) revisited
Authors: Gross Vladimir , Epple Lisa , Mayer Georg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tardigrade brain has been the topic of several neuroanatomical studies, as it is key to understanding the evolution of the central nervous systems in Panarthropoda (Tardigrada + Onychophora + Arthropoda). The gross morphology of the brain seems to be well conserved across tardigrades despite often disparate morphologies of their heads and cephalic sensory structures. As such, the general shape of the brain and its major connections to the rest of the central nervous system have been mapped out already by early tardigradologists. Despite subsequent investigations primarily based on transmission electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry, characterization of the different regions of the tardigrade brain has progressed relatively slowly and open questions remain. In an attempt to improve our understanding of different brain regions, we reinvestigated the central nervous system of the heterotardigrade Echiniscus testudo using anti‐synapsin and anti‐acetylated α‐tubulin immunohistochemistry in order to visualize the number and position of tracts, commissures, and neuropils. Our data revealed five major synapsin‐immunoreactive domains along the body: a large unitary, horseshoe‐shaped neuropil in the head and four neuropils in the trunk ganglia, supporting the hypothesis that the dorsal brain is serially homologous with the ventral trunk ganglia. At the same time, the pattern of anti‐synapsin and anti‐tubulin immunoreactivity differs between the ganglia, adding to the existing evidence that each of the four trunk ganglia is unique in its morphology. Anti‐tubulin labeling further revealed two commissures within the central brain neuropil, one of which is forked, and additional sets of extracerebral cephalic commissures associated with the stomodeal nervous system and the ventral cell cluster. Furthermore, our results showing the innervation of each of the cephalic sensilla in E. testudo support the homology of subsets of these structures with the sensory fields of eutardigrades.
Behavior analysis of new bio‐inspired metaheuristics to solve distribution network reconfiguration problem under different radiality constraints representation
Authors: Gerez Cassio , Marques Costa Eduardo C. , Sguarezi Filho Alfeu J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs distribution networks operate in their majority in a radial way, this condition becomes one of the most important constraints of distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) problem. There are diverse ways to represent this in DNR, but a lack of studies that provide an analysis of its behavior is noted, specially regarding its influence in metaheuristics and bio‐inspired metaheuristics. This paper presents a discussion between two alternatives to represent this in DNR in conjunction with three new bio‐inspired metaheuristics. One is based on the formation of the incidence matrix of the system and its determinant; the other is a modified approach of a method that establishes a set of forbidden switches through the analysis of the system fundamental loops. To solve DNR, three new bio‐inspired metaheuristics are presented: monarch butterfly optimization (MBO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and marine predators algorithm (MPA). A comparison is performed with selective particle swarm optimization (SPSO). To test the alternatives, three systems are used (33‐, 69‐, and 84‐ bus), with results showing the influence of the radiality approach in the results of bio‐inspired metaheuristics.