bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convolutional neural network for estimating physical parameters from Newton’s rings
Authors: Li Peihang , Lu Ming-Feng , Ji Chen-Chen , Wu Jin-Min , Liu Zhe , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Feng , Tao Ran 
Published: April 2021

By analyzing Newton’s rings, often encountered in interferometry, the parameters of spherical surfaces such as the rings’ center and the curvature radius can be estimated. First, the classical convolutional neural networks, visual geometry group (VGG) network and U-Net, are applied to parameter estimation of Newton’s rings. After these models are trained, the rings’ center and curvature radius can be obtained simultaneously. Compared with previous analysis methods of Newton’s rings, it is shown that the proposed method has higher precision, better immunity to noise, and lower time consumption. For a Newton’s rings pattern of

640

×

480

pixels comprising

−

5

d
B

Gaussian noise or 60% salt-and-pepper noise, the parameters can be estimated by the VGG model in 0.01 s, the error of the rings’ center is less than one pixel, and the error of curvature radius is lower than 0.5%.
Family as a health promotion setting: A scoping review of conceptual models of the health-promoting family
Authors: Michaelson Valerie , Pilato Kelly A. , Davison Colleen M. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe family is a key setting for health promotion. Contemporary health promoting family models can establish scaffolds for shaping health behaviors and can be useful tools for education and health promotion.ObjectivesThe objective of this scoping review is to provide details as to how conceptual and theoretical models of the health promoting potential of the family are being used in health promotion contexts.DesignGuided by PRISMA ScR guidelines, we used a three-step search strategy to find relevant papers. This included key-word searching electronic databases (Medline, PSycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL), searching the reference lists of included studies, and intentionally searching for grey literature (in textbooks, dissertations, thesis manuscripts and reports.)ResultsAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the overall search generated 113 included manuscripts/chapters with 118 unique models. Through our analysis of these models, three main themes were apparent: 1) ecological factors are central components to most models or conceptual frameworks; 2) models were attentive to cultural and other diversities, allowing room for a wide range of differences across family types, and for different and ever-expanding social norms and roles; and 3) the role of the child as a passive recipient of their health journey rather than as an active agent in promoting their own family health was highlighted as an important gap in many of the identified models.ConclusionsThis review contributes a synthesis of contemporary literature in this area and supports the priority of ecological frameworks and diversity of family contexts. It encourages researchers, practitioners and family stakeholders to recognize the value of the child as an active agent in shaping the health promoting potential of their family context.
Prediction of early recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after resection
Authors: Sugawara Toshitaka , Ban Daisuke , Nishino Jo , Watanabe Shuichi , Maekawa Aya , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ogawa Kosuke , Ono Hiroaki , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEven after curative resection, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients suffer a high rate of recurrence. There is an unmet need to predict which patients will experience early recurrence after resection in order to adjust treatment strategies.MethodsData of patients with resectable PDAC undergoing surgical resection between January 2005 and September 2018 were reviewed to stratify for early recurrence defined as occurring within 6 months of resection. Preoperative data including demographics, tumor markers, blood immune-inflammatory factors and clinicopathological data were examined. We employed Elastic Net, a sparse modeling method, to construct models predicting early recurrence using these multiple preoperative factors. As a result, seven preoperative factors were selected: age, duke pancreatic monoclonal antigen type 2 value, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and is peripancreatic invasion. Repeated 10-fold cross-validations were performed, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the usefulness of the models.ResultsA total of 136 patients was included in the final analysis, of which 35 (34%) experienced early recurrence. Using Elastic Net, we found that 7 of 14 preoperative factors were useful for the predictive model. The mean AUC of all models constructed in the repeated validation was superior to the standard marker CA 19–9 (0.718 vs 0.657), whereas the AUC of the model constructed from the entire patient cohort was 0.767. Decision curve analysis showed that the models had a higher mean net benefit across the majority of the range of reasonable threshold probabilities.ConclusionA model using multiple preoperative factors can improve prediction of early resectable PDAC recurrence.
Analysis of trophy parameters in Fallow deer (Dama dama) in Hungary, 1998-2016
Authors: Kovács Imre , Schally Gergely , Csányi Sándor 
Published: April 2021

The assessment of the trophy quality in Fallow deer (Dama dama) is often based on the measured values of the individuals with the largest antlers. However, there is little knowledge about the reliability and representativity of this approach.
In our study, we analysed the trend of the annual number of evaluated trophies between 1998 and 2016, the age distribution of the harvested bucks, and the temporal variation in the values of trophy weight and antler length during the study period on the population level and in the case of the best quality antlers. The data were examined in 3 estimated age classes (young: up to 4 yrs, middle-aged: 5-9 yrs, old: from 10 yrs). The groups (year × age class) were characterized by the median, while the largest values were picked in each group by selecting the lowest value among the individuals belonging to the upper 1%, 5% and 10% of the sample size.
The annual number of the presented trophies increased from 894 to 3,795 with an exponential trend. The proportion of the age classes changed significantly. The proportion of the young bucks increased by 10.2%, while the proportion of the middle-aged individuals decreased by 9.9%.
The median of the weight showed no trend in the complete dataset. In the young age class, it increased until 2006, then decreased until 2016. In case of the middle-aged and old individuals, the median and the strongest values at each threshold also increased. The median of the complete dataset, as well as the middle-aged and old bucks, stagnated in the case of antler length. It showed an 8.5 cm decrease between 2007 and 2016 in the young age class. In general, the difference between the group median and the largest values showed the highest variability in case of the 1% threshold. We found a strong correlation between the group median and the strongest values only in two cases (Top 10% and 5% threshold, trophy weight of middle-aged bucks).
Our results suggest that in Fallow deer, the assessment of the trophy quality based on only the largest antlers may be misleading in several cases, especially in the young age class or if the complete dataset is treated as one group. However, the trend of the largest trophy weight in the middle-aged and old age classes may refer to the trend of the median in the relevant groups.
Production of tomato carotenoids (solanum lycopersicon mill.) during different forcing periods
Authors: Kristó Edit , Lantos Ferenc 
Published: April 2021

Tomatos are one of the most widely grown and consumed vegetables in the world. It does not only meet the needs of the fresh market, but also has become an essential ingredient for the food industry. Since 2012, however, intensive soilless forcing is gaining ground on increasingly large areas, using more and more modern technologies. This will make the fulfilling of our domestic tomato demands more continuous, however we can also produce for exports.
However, the yield is not all! Continuous forcing also means that the plant grows during the winter-spring period when biological and other physical factors are not in line with nature. During this period, the necessary factors must be artificially provided for the plant! There may be a question as to what kind of quality differences can be found between autumn-winter and spring-summer tomatoes?! The most valuable carotene of the tomato is the red lycopene, which is continuously produced during ripening. However, elevated air temperatures above 32 °C can stop the production of lycopene and then the yellow ß-carotene becomes a stronger colour in the berry. During my work, I studied the ratio of the production of the two carotenoids in different types in different forcing periods.
Unreliable Estimation of Fibrosis Regression During Treatment by Liver Stiffness Measurement in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Ji Dong , Chen Yan , Shang Qinghua , Liu Huabao , Tan Lin , Wang Jing , Chen Yongping , Li Qin , Long Qinghua , Song Laicheng , Jiang Li , Xiao Guangming , Yu Zujiang , Chen Liang , Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaodong , Chen Da , Li Zhiqin , Dong Zheng , Chen Guofeng , Yang Yongping 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Little reliable evidence has been reported regarding usefulness of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for monitoring the hepatic fibrosis changes during treatment. We aimed to assess the association between changes in LSM and histological outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODS:
In this prospective multicenter study, 727 treatment-naive patients receiving entecavir-based therapy, who underwent paired biopsies at treatment baseline and week 72, were analyzed. Changes in LSM were defined as ≥30% decrease, minor change, and ≥30% increase. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of changes in LSM on clinical outcomes accounting for regression to the mean. A new on-treatment LSM threshold was established by receiver operating curve.

RESULTS:
Overall regression of fibrosis, improvement of inflammation, significant histological response, virologic response, alanine aminotransferase normalization, and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion were 51.2%, 74.4%, 22.0%, 86.0%, 83.5%, and 13.3%, respectively. The association between changes in LSM and improvement of inflammation was nonlinear (P = 0.012). LSM decrease ≥30% was associated with regression of fibrosis (OR 1.501, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.073–2.099, P = 0.018), significant histological response (OR 1.726, 95% CI 1.124–2.652, P = 0.013), and alanine aminotransferase normalization (OR 2.149, 95% CI 1.229–3.757, P = 0.007). After adjusting for regression to the mean, LSM increase ≥30% became negatively associated with the above 3 outcomes. A new on-treatment LSM cutoff value of 5.4 kPa was established for indicating the significant histological response.

DISCUSSION:
Changes in LSM are unreliable to estimate regression of fibrosis during treatment; the established cutoff value of on-treatment LSM can optimize monitoring strategy for histological outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Impact of Psychological Comorbidity on the Prognosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Mikocka-Walus Antonina , Yiannakou Yan , Houghton Lesley A. , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Psychological comorbidities are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about their cumulative effect on its prognosis. We examined this issue in a longitudinal 12-month follow-up study.

METHODS:
We collected complete demographic, symptom, and psychological comorbidity data (anxiety, depression, somatic symptom disorder, perceived stress, and gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety) at baseline from 807 adults who met Rome IV criteria for IBS. At 12 months, we collected data regarding IBS symptom severity and impact, consultation behavior, and treatments commenced from 452 individuals successfully followed up. We examined the cumulative effects of psychological comorbidities at baseline on subsequent IBS disease behavior.

Results:
At baseline, among the 807 participants, 177 (21.9%) had 1, 139 (17.2%) 2, 103 (12.8%) 3, 89 (11.0%) 4, and 54 (6.7%) 5 psychological comorbidities. IBS symptom severity at baseline increased significantly with the number of psychological comorbidities (72.2% of those with 5 psychological comorbidities reported severe symptoms, vs 29.1% of those with none, P < 0.001). Among 452 (56.0%) participants followed up at 12 months, those with a higher number of psychological comorbidities at baseline were significantly more likely to have seen a gastroenterologist (33.3% of those with 5 psychological comorbidities, vs 21.4% of those with none, P = 0.001), cycle through more treatments (P < 0.0001), to report more severe IBS symptoms (66.7% with 5, vs 24.4% with none, P < 0.001) and continuous abdominal pain (22.1% with none, vs 61.9% with 5, P < 0.001), and to report that symptoms impacted on daily activities ≥50% of the time (90.5% with 5, vs 41.2% with none, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
The prognosis of individuals with Rome IV–defined IBS worsens according to incremental increases in psychological comorbidity. This has important clinical and research implications.
Hepatic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in a Large North American Cohort of Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Khalili Mandana , Kleiner David E. , King Wendy C. , Sterling Richard K. , Ghany Marc G. , Chung Raymond T. , Bhan Atul K. , Rosenthal Philip , Lisker-Melman Mauricio , Ramachandran Rageshree , Lok Anna S. ,   ; and the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Fatty liver disease (FLD) influences liver disease progression and liver cancer risk. We investigated the impact of FLD on liver disease severity in a large North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODS:
Liver biopsies from 420 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive adults enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network and who were not on HBV therapy in the previous month were evaluated for inflammation and fibrosis. Steatohepatitis was based on steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning ± Mallory-Denk bodies, and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Models evaluated factors associated with steatohepatitis, and the associations of steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and longitudinal alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and Fibrosis-4.

RESULTS:
The median age was 42 years, 62.5% were male, and 79.5% were Asian. One hundred thirty-two (31.4%) patients had FLD (77 [18.3%] steatosis only, 55 [13.1%] steatohepatitis). Older age, overweight/obesity, and diabetes were associated with steatohepatitis. Steatohepatitis (vs no FLD) was associated with 1.68 times higher risk of advanced fibrosis at baseline (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.51), and there was an indication of higher incident cirrhosis rate during follow-up. Steatohepatitis vs no FLD was also independently associated with, on average, 1.39 times higher alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01) and 1.25 times higher Fibrosis-4 (P = 0.04) across 4 years.

DISCUSSION:
Coexisting steatosis occurred in nearly a third of adults (13% had steatohepatitis) with chronic HBV in this North American cohort who underwent liver biopsies. Steatohepatitis was associated with advanced fibrosis and higher biochemical measures of hepatic inflammation over time. Therefore, in addition to viral suppression, screening for and managing metabolic abnormalities is important to prevent disease progression in HBV.
Progress in Corticosteroid Use in the Era of Biologics With Room for Improvement
Authors: Abdalla Maisa I. , Levesque Barrett G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the early success of their trials for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, corticosteroids gained popularity as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, when used chronically, corticosteroids are not effective in maintaining remission and associated with toxic effects. Steroid-free remission has become a major treatment goal. Prolonged corticosteroid use is currently a sign of suboptimal quality of care. Trends over the past 2 decades, spanning the emergence of biologic therapies for IBD, are explored here in the University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiologic Database.
Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: some aspects of medicamental treatment (a literature review)
Authors: Lemko O. I. , Vantiukh N. V. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze the professional literature concerning general principles of medicamental correction for endothelial dysfunction and their peculiarities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on certain trigger factors and pathogenetic processes (chronic inflammation of low intensity, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction). These factors are common for a number of other pathological processes, promoting the development of systemic extrapulmonary effects and comorbid conditions. Endothelial dysfunction is of particular interest because it causes, first of all, cardiovascular system pathology. Therefore, modern treatment of COPD, in addition to the drugs approved by clinical protocols, must be supplemented by methods of endothelial dysfunction correction in the long-term management for patients beyond the exacerbation period, which at the same time have no negative effect on the disease course.
At present, medicines of various pharmacological groups with a positive effect on the endothelial function are known. Among them are those ones that replenish the deficiency of endothelial relaxing factors or have a direct effect on endothelial receptors; stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation; prevent endothelial dysfunction caused by mediator influences; regulate the blood coagulation system; provide protection from endothelial cell membrane damage or affect various pathogenetic links of the disease (inflammatory process, immune disorders, dysbiosis, etc.), that indirectly reduces endothelial dysfunction.
Conclusions. The key role of endothelial dysfunction in the formation of comorbid pathology in COPD, first of all lesions of cardiovascular system, determines the necessity for complex treatment of these patient groups with additional correction of endothelial dysfunction, especially in long-term management programs beyond the exacerbation period. Given the multifactorial mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction development, the treatment choice for its correction should be personalized taking into account all the disease peculiarities and the comorbid pathology spectrum.
An inquiry into machine learning-based automatic configuration tuning services on real-world database management systems
Authors: Van Aken Dana , Yang Dongsheng , Brillard Sebastien , Fiorino Ari , Zhang Bohan , Bilien Christian , Pavlo Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Modern database management systems (DBMS) expose dozens of configurable knobs that control their runtime behavior. Setting these knobs correctly for an application's workload can improve the performance and efficiency of the DBMS. But because of their complexity, tuning a DBMS often requires considerable effort from experienced database administrators (DBAs). Recent work on automated tuning methods using machine learning (ML) have shown to achieve better performance compared with expert DBAs. These ML-based methods, however, were evaluated on synthetic workloads with limited tuning opportunities, and thus it is unknown whether they provide the same benefit in a production environment.
To better understand ML-based tuning, we conducted a thorough evaluation of ML-based DBMS knob tuning methods on an enterprise database application. We use the OtterTune tuning service to compare three state-of-the-art ML algorithms on an Oracle installation with a real workload trace. Our results with OtterTune show that these algorithms generate knob configurations that improve performance by 45% over enterprise-grade configurations. We also identify deployment and measurement issues that were overlooked by previous research in automated DBMS tuning services.
EFFECT OF CULTIVAR ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING POWDERY MILDEW OF FLAX AND RELATIONSHIP OF AGRONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS TO DISEASE SEVERITY
Authors: Alghuthaymi Mousa Abdullah , Aly ALy , Amal Asran , Abd-Elsalam Kamel 
Published: April 2021

A two-year field study was conducted at El-Ismailiya, Egypt, to evaluate the fungicides Bellis and Sulphurs applied as a foliar sprays for controlling powdery mildew on six flax cultivars. Disease severity, straw yield, and seed yield were used as criteria for evaluating the performance of fungicide on the tested cultivars. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that each of the fungicides and cultivar was highly significant source of variation (p = 0.000), in disease severity, strae yield, and seed yieled. ANOVA also showed that fungicide x cultivars interaction was a highly significant source of variation (p = 0.000) in disease severity, while it was insignificant in straw and seed yields. Both fungicides were effective in reducing disease severity; however, sulphur surpassed Bellis in increasing straw yield and seed yield. Therefore, linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between agronomic or technological traits and powdery mildew severity (PMS). All traits showed significant negative correlations with PMS after the appliction of fungicides, which suggest that control of late-season powdery mildew could be economically important when PMS on flax cultivars is high.
Teologia, cultura e literatura: uma análise da hamartiologia implícita na obra Hamlet, de Shakespeare, a partir da teologia da fronteira de Paul Tillich
Authors: Santos Samuel Rodrigues dos , Lages Brayan De Souza 
Published: April 2021

Analisar seletas questões hamartiológicas contidas em Hamlet – a partir de uma abordagem dialógica entre Teologia, Cultura e Literatura – é o objetivo central do artigo em tela. Desse modo, o mesmo se inicia com caráter preambular – ou antes de andar – elencando e esclarecendo alguns fatores que construíram o background do cenário em que vivia Shakespeare. Num segundo momento, este artigo se projeta á delinear a teologia tillichiana, aclarando, sumariamente, dois conceitos clássicos de seu labor – Teologia da Cultura e Coragem de Ser –; chegando ao fim, onde se propõe correlações entre as ansiedades ou angustias de Hamlet e as respostas de Tillich, como também se argui, sobre o problemático suicídio de Ofélia.