bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an accurate lateral flow immunoassay for PEDV detection in swine fecal samples with a filter pad design
Authors: Zou Siyi , Wu Lei , Li Gan , Wang Juan , Cao Dongni , Xu Tao , Jia Aiqing , Tang Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), as the main causative pathogen of viral diarrhea in pigs, has been reported to result in high morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and cause significant economic losses to the swine industry. Rapid diagnosis methods are essential for preventing outbreaks and transmission of this disease. In this study, a paper-based lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of PEDV in swine fecal samples was developed using stable color-rich latex beads as the label. Under optimal conditions, the newly developed latex bead-based lateral flow immunoassay (LBs-LFIA) attained a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 103.60 TCID50/mL and no cross-reactivity with other related swine viruses. To solve swine feces impurity interference, by adding a filtration unit design of LFIA without an additional pretreatment procedure, the LBs-LFIA gave good agreement (92.59%) with RT-PCR results in the analysis of clinical swine fecal samples (n = 108), which was more accurate than previously reported colloidal gold LFIA (74.07%) and fluorescent LFIA (86.67%). Moreover, LBs-LFIA showed sufficient accuracy (coefficient of variance [CV] < 15%) and stable (room temperature storage life > 56 days) performance for PEDV detection, which is promising for on-site analysis and user-driven testing in pig production system.
Communication Priorities and Experiences of Caregivers of Children With Cancer in Guatemala
Authors: Graetz Dylan E. , Rivas Silvia Elena , Wang Huiqi , Vedaraju Yuvanesh , Fuentes Ana Lucia , Caceres-Serrano Annie , Antillon-Klussmann Federico , Devidas Meenakshi , Metzger Monika L. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE Although > 90% of children with cancer live in low- and middle-income countries, little is known about communication priorities and experiences of families in these settings. We examined communication priorities and the quality of information exchange for Guatemalan caregivers of children with cancer during diagnostic communication. METHODS A cross-sectional survey including items used in pediatric communication studies from high-income countries and novel questions was verbally administered to 100 caregivers of children with cancer in Guatemala. RESULTS Guatemalan caregivers prioritized communication functions of exchanging information (99%), fostering healing relationships (98%), decision making (97%), enabling self-management (96%), and managing uncertainty (94%) over responding to emotions (66%) and cultural awareness (48%). Almost all caregivers wanted as many details as possible about their child's diagnosis and treatment (96%), likelihood of cure (99%), and late effects (97%). Only 67% were always given the information they needed without asking for it, and most caregivers sometimes (56%) or always (18%) had questions they wanted to discuss but did not. Approximately half of the caregivers (54%) correctly identified their child's diagnosis, primary site, disease extent (localized v metastatic), proposed treatment length, and treatment intent (curative v palliative). Caregivers of children with leukemia were more likely to correctly identify all attributes than those whose children had solid tumors ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Caregivers in Guatemala prioritize many of the same aspects of diagnostic communication as parents in the United States, and experience similar challenges. Shared communication values offer potential for adaptation of communication interventions across settings with varying resources and diverse cultures.
Recommended Best Practices for Lyophilization Validation 2021 Part II: Process Qualification and Continued Process Verification
Authors: Jameel Feroz , Alexeenko Alina , Bhambhani Akhilesh , Sacha Gregory , Zhu Tong , Tchessalov Serguei , Sharma Puneet , Moussa Ehab , Iyer Lavanya , Luthra Sumit , Srinivasan Jayasree , Tharp Ted , Azzarella Joseph , Kazarin Petr , Jalal Mehfouz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work describes the lyophilization process validation and consists of two parts. Part one (Part I: Process Design and Modeling) focuses on the process design and is described in the previous paper, while the current paper is devoted to process qualification and continued process verification. The goal of the study is to show the cutting edge of lyophilization validation based on the integrated community-based opinion and the industrial perspective. This study presents best practices for batch size determination and includes the effect of batch size on drying time, process parameters selection strategies, and batch size overage to compensate for losses during production. It also includes sampling strategies to demonstrate batch uniformity as well as the use of statistical models to ensure adequate sampling. Based on the LyoHUB member organizations survey, the best practices in determining the number of PPQ runs are developed including the bracketing approach with minimum and maximum loads. Standard practice around CQA and CPP selection is outlined and shows the advantages of using control charts and run charts for process trending and quality control. The case studies demonstrating the validation strategy for monoclonal antibody and the impact of the loading process on the lyophilization cycle and product quality as well as the special case of lyophilization for dual-chamber cartridge system are chosen to illustrate the process validation. The standard practices in the validation of the lyophilization process, special lyophilization processes, and their impact on the validation strategy are discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Autoantibodies to N-terminally Truncated GAD65(96-585): HLA Associations and Predictive Value for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pöllänen Petra M , Härkönen Taina , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Siljander Heli , Knip Mikael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the role of autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65(96-585) (t-GADA) as a marker for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to assess the potential human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with such autoantibodies.

Design
In this cross-sectional study combining data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study, the DIABIMMUNE study, and the Early Dietary Intervention and Later Signs of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity study, venous blood samples from 760 individuals (53.7% males) were analyzed for t-GADA, autoantibodies to full-length GAD65 (f-GADA), and islet cell antibodies. Epitope-specific GAD autoantibodies were analyzed from 189 study participants.

Results
T1D had been diagnosed in 174 (23%) participants. Altogether 631 (83%) individuals tested positive for f-GADA and 451 (59%) for t-GADA at a median age of 9.0 (range 0.2-61.5) years. t-GADA demonstrated higher specificity (46%) and positive predictive value (30%) for T1D than positivity for f-GADA alone (15% and 21%, respectively). Among participants positive for f-GADA, those who tested positive for t-GADA carried more frequently HLA genotypes conferring increased risk for T1D than those who tested negative for t-GADA (77% vs 53%; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated GAD improve the screening for T1D compared to f-GADA and may facilitate the selection of participants for clinical trials. HLA class II-mediated antigen presentation of GAD(96–585)-derived or structurally similar peptides might comprise an important pathomechanism in T1D.
Nup93 and CTCF modulate spatiotemporal dynamics and function of the HOXA gene locus during differentiation
Authors: Labade Ajay S. , Salvi Adwait , Kar Saswati , Karmodiya Krishanpal , Sengupta Kundan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Nucleoporins regulate nuclear transport and are also involved in DNA damage, repair, cell cycle, chromatin organization and gene expression. Here, we studied the role of nucleoporin Nup93 and the chromatin organizer CTCF in regulating expression of the HOXA gene locus during differentiation. ChIP sequencing revealed a significant overlap between Nup93 and CTCF peaks. Interestingly, Nup93 and CTCF are associated with the 3′ and 5′ HOXA genes, respectively. Depletions of Nup93 and CTCF antagonistically modulate expression levels of 3′ and 5′ HOXA genes in the undifferentiated human NT2/D1 cell line. Nup93 also regulates the localization of the HOXA gene locus, which disengages from the nuclear periphery upon Nup93 but not CTCF depletion, consistent with its upregulation. The dynamic association of Nup93 and CTCF with the HOXA locus during differentiation correlates with its spatial positioning and expression. Whereas Nup93 tethers the HOXA locus to the nuclear periphery, CTCF potentially regulates looping of the HOXA gene cluster in a temporal manner. In summary, Nup93 and CTCF complement one another in modulating the spatiotemporal dynamics and function of the HOXA gene locus during differentiation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Ontogenetic changes in limb posture, kinematics, forces and joint moments in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Iijima Masaya , Munteanu V. David , Elsey Ruth M. , Blob Richard W. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
As animals increase in size, common patterns of morphological and physiological scaling may require them to perform behaviors such as locomotion while experiencing a reduced capacity to generate muscle force and an increased risk of tissue failure. Large mammals are known to manage increased mechanical demands by using more upright limb posture. However, the presence of such size-dependent changes in limb posture has rarely been tested in animals that use non-parasagittal limb kinematics. Here, we used juvenile to subadult American alligators (total length 0.46–1.27 m, body mass 0.3–5.6 kg) and examined their limb kinematics, forces, joint moments and center of mass (CoM) to test for ontogenetic shifts in posture and limb mechanics. Larger alligators typically walked with a more adducted humerus and femur and a more extended knee. Normalized peak joint moments reflected these postural patterns, with shoulder and hip moments imposed by the ground reaction force showing relatively greater magnitudes in the smallest individuals. Thus, as larger alligators use more upright posture, they incur relatively smaller joint moments than smaller alligators, which could reduce the forces that the shoulder and hip adductors of larger alligators must generate. The CoM shifted nonlinearly from juveniles through subadults. The more anteriorly positioned CoM in small alligators, together with their compliant hindlimbs, contributes to their higher forelimb and lower hindlimb normalized peak vertical forces in comparison to larger alligators. Future studies of alligators that approach maximal adult sizes could give further insight into how animals with non-parasagittal limb posture modulate locomotor patterns as they increase in mass and experience changes in the CoM.
Εκτιμήσεις μέτρησης χρόνου: επιδόσεις και στρατηγικές παιδιών και ενηλίκων
Authors: Δεσλή Δέσποινα , Ξενίδου Ευδοξία 
Published: November 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν να διερευνήσει την ικανότητα ενηλίκων και παιδιών στην εκτίμηση μέτρησης του χρόνου καθώς και τις στρατηγικές που αυτοί χρησιμοποιούν κατά την εκτίμηση. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, πραγματοποιήθηκε έρευνα στην οποία συμμετείχαν 30 ενήλικες και 32 μαθητές της Στ΄ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου. Σχεδιάστηκαν και παρουσιάστηκαν στους συμμετέχοντες τρία έργα, τα οποία τους ζητούσαν: α) να εκτιμήσουν τον χρόνο που τους χρειάζεται για να ολοκληρώσουν ένα παιχνίδι, κάνοντας πρώτα μία μελλοντική εκτίμηση και κατόπιν μία αναδρομική εκτίμηση (Έργο 1: «Μελλοντικές και Αναδρομικές εκτιμήσεις»), β) να εκτιμήσουν τη διάρκεια οικείων ενεργειών (Έργο 2: «Εκτίμηση διάρκειας συγκεκριμένων ενεργειών») και γ) να υποδείξουν τρεις ενέργειες με συγκεκριμένη διάρκεια η κάθε μία (Έργο 3: «Υπόδειξη ενεργειών με συγκεκριμένη διάρκεια»). Όλοι οι συμμετέχοντες πραγματοποίησαν τις εκτιμήσεις τους με τυπικές και άτυπες μονάδες χρόνου. Βρέθηκε ότι οι συμμετέχοντες στο σύνολό τους, ανεξαρτήτως ηλικίας, παρουσίασαν παρόμοιες επιδόσεις στις εκτιμήσεις χρόνου που πραγματοποίησαν. Στο Έργο 1 οι αναδρομικές εκτιμήσεις των συμμετεχόντων ήταν πιο επιτυχημένες από τις μελλοντικές εκτιμήσεις. Για να πραγματοποιήσουν τις εκτιμήσεις τους, οι συμμετέχοντες βασίζονταν κυρίως στη διαίσθησή τους και σε γνωστά προς τους ίδιους σημεία αναφοράς, και πολύ λιγότερο στη χρήση τυπικών μονάδων για τη χρονομέτρηση ή τη γνώση του λεπτού. Στο Έργο 2, περισσότερο επιτυχείς εκτιμήσεις σημειώθηκαν στις ενέργειες με μικρή διάρκεια παρά με μεγάλη διάρκεια. Στο Έργο 3 οι συμμετέχοντες παρουσίασαν πάνω από 65% επιτυχείς εκτιμήσεις στην υπόδειξη ενεργειών με μεγάλη διάρκεια. Τα ευρήματα αυτά αναδεικνύουν την ανάγκη ενίσχυσης της ικανότητας για εκτίμηση μέτρησης του χρόνου από νωρίς.
Οι τρόποι σκέψης στο μοντέλο της Binkley και η ενίσχυσή τους μέσα από το ερευνητικό/παρεμβατικό πρόγραμμα «Δημιουργική Γραφή και Δεξιότητες Κοινωνικής Μάθησης» στο δημοτικό σχολείο
Authors: Τσάτσου-Νικολούλη Σοφία , Μαυρογένη Σταυρούλα , Κωτόπουλος Τριαντάφυλλος , Αλευριάδου Αναστασία 
Published: November 2021

Η Binkley και οι συνεργάτες της στο μοντέλο που παρουσίασαν για τις δεξιότητες του 21ου αιώνα, τις οποίες πολλοί ταυτίζουν με τις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες, αναφέρουν ότι στους τρόπους σκέψης ανήκουν η συγκλίνουσα/αποκλίνουσα σκέψη, η καινοτομία/δημιουργικότητα και η μεταγνώση. Το ερευνητικό/παρεμβατικό πρόγραμμα «Δημιουργική Γραφή και Δεξιότητες Κοινωνικής Μάθησης» του τμήματος Βαλκανικών, Σλαβικών και Ανατολικών Σπουδών του Πανεπιστημίου Μακεδονίας, διάρκειας πέντε μηνών περίπου, διερευνά την ενίσχυση των παραπάνω δεξιοτήτων, οι οποίες αποτελούν μέρος ενός ευρύτερου συνόλου κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων που σχετίζονται με τη μάθηση, έχοντας ως εκπαιδευτικό εργαλείο τη δημιουργική γραφή και αφόρμηση λογοτεχνικά κείμενα των βαλκανικών χωρών. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 573 μαθητές της Ε΄ και ΣΤ΄ τάξης των δημοτικών σχολείων του νομού Θεσσαλονίκης, οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν στην Ομάδα Παρέμβασης, που υλοποίησε το πρόγραμμα και στην Ομάδα Ελέγχου, που παρακολούθησε το κανονικό της πρόγραμμα. Η διερεύνηση του επιπέδου των δεξιοτήτων κοινωνικής μάθησης των παιδιών έγινε με τη χρήση ενός δομημένου αυτοσχέδιου ερωτηματολογίου, του οποίου οι συντελεστές αξιοπιστίας alpha Cronbach κυμαίνονται σε πολύ υψηλά επίπεδα. Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων κατέδειξε ότι η Ομάδα Παρέμβασης σημείωσε στατιστικά σημαντική μεγαλύτερη βελτίωση στην αξιολόγηση των παραπάνω δεξιοτήτων σε σχέση με την Ομάδα Ελέγχου και με εξισωμένα τα δημογραφικά και άλλα στοιχεία των μαθητών.
Risky sexual behaviours among young adults attending Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya, Tanzania: implications for STIs and HIV preventive programs
Authors: Mcharo Ruby Doryn , Olomi Willyhelmina , Mayaud Philippe , Msuya Sia E. 
Published: November 2021

Background High-risk sexual behaviors(HRSBs) among young adults are key risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs), HIV and unplanned pregnancies. WHO has identified the 15-24years age-group as high-risk for STIs. Students at Higher Learning Institutions(HLIs) may be at higher risk because they are free of immediate parental-supervision, are a transient migratory population, probably at peak-years of sexual activity. In Tanzania, information is limited on sexual and preventive behaviours among young adults in HLIs. We describe risky sexual behaviours and preventive practices among young adults attending HLIs in Mbeya-Tanzania. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March2019 to January2020 among randomly selected students aged 18-24years enrolled in HLIs within Mbeya. Probability proportional to size was used to determine total student number from each HLI. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information on sexual health education, activity, behaviour and STI knowledge. Results Total of 504students were enrolled with mean age of 21.5(SD 1.74)years. Total of 446(88.5%) students reported ever having had sex. Mean-age at first sex was 18.4years and 9.9% reported sexual debut <15years. A higher proportion of male students(57%) reported sexual debut with non-steady partners than females(37.9%). Lack of condom use at sexual debut was reported by 52% of the participants. Consistent condom use during past 4-weeks was reported at 33% and 16.5% among males and females, respectively. About 1 in 10 students reported forced sex by someone they were dating. Sex under the influence of alcohol was reported by 24% of the students. Nearly 8 in 10 (78.7%) students have heard of STIs, but only 16% were aware STIs can be asymptomatic. Conclusion STI prevention programs need to recognize young adults in HLIs as at-risk population; and advocate targeted messages to minimize risk to acquiring STIs, counseling and support for those experiencing sexual violence, promote condom use and safer-sex negotiation skills.
Including a pen and/or cover letter, containing social incentive text, had no effect on questionnaire response rate: a factorial randomised controlled Study within a Trial
Authors: James Sophie , Parker Adwoa , Cockayne Sarah , Rodgers Sara , Fairhurst Caroline , Torgerson David J. , Rhodes Sarah , Cotterill Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Background: Postal questionnaires are frequently used in randomised controlled trials to collect outcome data on participants; however, poor response can introduce bias, affect generalisability and validity, and reduce statistical power. The objective of this study was to assess whether a pen and/or social incentive text cover letter sent with a postal follow-up questionnaire increased response rates in a trial. Method: A two-by-two factorial randomised controlled trial was embedded within the OTIS host trial. Participants due their 12-month (final) follow-up questionnaire were randomised to be sent: a pen; a social incentive text cover letter; both; or neither. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants in each group who returned the questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: time to return, completeness of the questionnaire, necessity of a reminder letter, and the cost effectiveness. Results: The overall 12-month questionnaire response rate was 721 out of 755 (95.5%). Neither the pen nor social incentive cover letter had a statistically significant effect on response rate: pen 95.2% vs. no pen 95.8%, adjusted OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.80; p=0.77); social incentive cover letter 95.2% vs. no social incentive cover letter 95.8%, adjusted OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.69, p=0.63). No statistically significant differences were observed between either of the intervention groups on time to response, need for a reminder or completeness. Therefore, neither intervention was cost-effective. Conclusions: We found no evidence of a difference in response rates associated with the inclusion of a pen and/or social incentive cover letter with the final follow-up postal questionnaire of the host trial. However, when these results are combined with previous SWATs, the meta-analysis evidence remains that including a pen increases response rates. The social incentive cover letter warrants further investigation to determine effectiveness. Trial registration: ISRCTN22202133 (21st June 2020).
PlotXpress, a webtool for normalization and visualization of reporter expression data
Authors: Brandorff Elias , Galland Marc , Goedhart Joachim 
Published: November 2021

In molecular cell biology, reporter assays are frequently used to investigate gene expression levels. Reporter assays employ a gene that encodes a light-emitting protein, of which the luminescence is quantified as a proxy of gene expression. Commercial parties provide reporter assay kits that include protocols and specialized detection machinery. However, downstream analysis of the output data and their presentation are not standardized. We have developed plotXpress to fill this gap, providing a free, open-source platform for the semi-automated analysis and standardized visualisation of experimental gene reporter data. Users can upload raw luminescence data acquired from a reporter gene assay with an internal control. In plotXpress, the data is corrected for sample variation with the internal control and the average for each condition is calculated. When a reference condition is selected the fold change is calculated for all other conditions, based on the selected reference. The results are shown as dot plots with a statistical summary, which can be adjusted to create publication-grade plots without requiring coding skills. Altogether, plotXpress is an open-source, low-threshold, web-based tool, that promotes a standardized and reproducible analysis while providing an appealing visualization of reporter data. The webtool can be accessed at: https://huygens.science.uva.nl/PlotXpress/
The utilization of new products formulated from water coconut, palm sap sugar, and fungus to increase nutritional feed quality, feed efficiency, growth, and carcass of gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) juvenile
Authors: Undefined Azrita , Syandri Hafrijal , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Suharman Indra 
Published: November 2021

Background: Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801) has become popular aquaculture in Indonesia. However, information on the feed used is minimal. This study analyzed the change in feeding nutrition, fish growth, feed efficiency, and body-carcass using product formulated from water coconut, palm sap sugar, and fungus. Methods: A total of 2,000 ml coconut water and 1,000 ml of palm sap sugar solution were formulated. Each product formulated was added with 6 g of Aspergillus niger (called product P1), 6 g of Rhizopus oligosporus (called product P2), and 6 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (called product P3). Commercial feeds supplemented with P1, P2, and P3 products are designated P1, P2, and P3 diets. Commercial feed added to freshwater is called the P4 diet (placebo). Their dosage is 300 ml/kg of feed. Gurami sago juveniles (initial weight 50±2.5 g and length 13.2±0.4 cm) were stocked in triplicate nets (2×1×1 m) in a freshwater concrete pond with a stocking density of 30 fish/net, an initial feeding rate of 3% per day until study termination. Results: Our results support our hypothesis that different product formulations have a significant effect (p<0.05) on growth performance and feed efficiency. At the same time, supplementing commercial feed with varying formula products has a significant impact (p<0.05) on the fatty acid composition of the diets and carcass body of gurami sago. Conclusion: Diet P2 contains a higher concentration of fatty acids to increase body weight, feed efficiency, and the best carcass fatty acid composition than other experiments for sago gurami reared in freshwater concrete ponds.