bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narcolepsy with intermediate cerebrospinal level of hypocretin-1
Authors: Postiglione Emanuela , Barateau Lucie , Pizza Fabio , Lopez Régis , Antelmi Elena , Rassu Anna-Laura , Vandi Stefano , Chenini Sofiene , Mignot Emmanuel , Dauvilliers Yves , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo describe the phenotype of narcolepsy with intermediate cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels (CSF hcrt-1).MethodsFrom 1600 consecutive patients with narcolepsy from Bologna and Montpellier sleep centers, we selected patients with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 levels (110–200 pg/mL). Clinical, neurophysiological, and biological data were contrasted for the presence of cataplexy, human leukocyte haplotype (HLA)-DQB1*06:02, and median CSF hcrt-1 levels (149.34 pg/mL).ResultsForty-five (55% males, aged 35 ± 17 years) patients (2.8% of all cases) were included. Thirty-three (73%) were HLA-DQB1*06:02, 29 (64%) reported cataplexy (21, 72.4% with typical features), and 5 (11%) had presumed secondary etiology. Cataplexy was associated with other core narcolepsy symptoms, increased sleep onset rapid eye movement periods, and nocturnal sleep disruption. Cataplexy and irrepressible daytime sleep were more frequent in HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive patients. Lower CSF hcrt-1 levels were associated with hallucinations.ConclusionsNarcolepsy with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 level is a rare condition with heterogeneous phenotype. HLA-DQB1*06:02 and lower CSF hcrt-1 were associated with typical narcolepsy features, calling for future research to distinguish incomplete from secondary narcolepsy forms.
“We Have to Build Trust”: Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment with Immigrant and Refugee Survivors
Authors: Messing Jill , Wachter Karin , AbiNader Millan , Ward-Lasher Allison , Njie-Carr Veronica , Sabri Bushra , Murray Sarah , Noor-Oshiro Amelia , Campbell Jacquelyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) research highlights unique immigration-related risk factors, abusive tactics, and barriers to seeking help. With the aim of developing practice-informed guidance, data from nine focus groups (N = 57) were analyzed thematically to examine practitioners’ experiences and approaches to risk assessment with survivors of IPV who are immigrants and refugees. Participants noted the importance of fostering relationships and trust in client disclosure and assessment of risk. Participants highlighted using a conversation-based approach; carefully chosen words; and open-ended, indirect, and probing questions to help clients feel at ease and generate information regarding risk. Additionally, practitioners emphasized the importance of conducting risk assessment and client education in concert with safety and service planning. However, safety and service planning must account for variations in context and language, as well as social pressures to keep families together. The adaptation of risk assessments to reflect immigrant experiences is a critical step forward. Nevertheless, listening to practitioners with expertise serving immigrant and refugee IPV survivors and developing additional guidance on how to use risk assessment tools and engage survivors are paramount to expanding relevant and responsive domestic violence services for diverse groups.
Addressing Social Workers’ Stress, Burnout, and Resiliency: A Qualitative Study with Supervisors
Authors: Mack Brenda M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Social work can be a purpose-driven, fulfilling profession of helping others, creating change, and fighting against injustice. It can also include regular exposure to the pain and suffering of others, extensive documentation requirements, and crisis management. Often when social workers are feeling overly stressed, supervisors play a critical role in addressing their health and wellness. Supervisors use a variety of approaches to raise supervisees’ awareness about the signs and symptoms of stress and burnout. They can make a positive difference in the lives of their supervisees by creating opportunities to discuss work-related challenges. There are both proactive and responsive options for supervisors to consider when cultivating resiliency with social workers. This exploratory study included 24 supervisors who described their approaches to addressing supervisees’ stress, burnout, and resiliency. Findings highlight the importance of relationships, communication, self-care, work–life balance, and resources for well-being. Implications emphasize the supervisory process, intrapersonal and interpersonal capacity building, and the National Association of Social Workers’ call to action in addressing self-care for those in the profession. The resiliency-focused strategies and suggestions offered are meant to support supervisors in their role of building and maintaining a healthy workforce.
Parameter Values for Estimation of Internal Doses from Ingestion of Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Detonations
Authors: Thiessen Kathleen M. , Hoffman F. Owen , Bouville André , Anspaugh Lynn R. , Beck Harold L. , Simon Steven L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper suggests values or probability distributions for a variety of parameters used in estimating internal doses from radioactive fallout due to ingestion of food. Parameters include those needed to assess the interception and initial retention of radionuclides by vegetation, translocation of deposited radionuclides to edible plant parts, root uptake by plants, transfer of radionuclides from vegetation into milk and meat, transfer of radionuclides into non-agricultural plants and wildlife, and transfer from food and drinking water to mother's milk (human breast milk). The paper includes discussions of the weathering half-life for contamination on plant surfaces, biological half-lives of organisms, food processing (culinary factors), and contamination of drinking water. As appropriate, and as information exists, parameter values or distributions are specific for elements, chemical forms, plant types, or other relevant characteristics. Information has been obtained from the open literature and from publications of the International Atomic Energy Agency. These values and probability distributions are intended to be generic; they should be reviewed for applicability to a given location, time period, or season of the year, as appropriate. In particular, agricultural practices and dietary habits may vary considerably both with geography and over time in a given location.
Complex foraging behaviours in wild birds emerge from social learning and recombination of components
Authors: Wild S. , Chimento M. , McMahon K. , Farine D. R. , Sheldon B. C. , Aplin L. M. 
Published: December 2021

Recent well-documented cases of cultural evolution towards increasing efficiency in non-human animals have led some authors to propose that other animals are also capable of cumulative cultural evolution, where traits become more refined and/or complex over time. Yet few comparative examples exist of traits increasing in complexity, and experimental tests remain scarce. In a previous study, we introduced a foraging innovation into replicate subpopulations of great tits, the ‘sliding-door puzzle’. Here, we track diffusion of a second ‘dial puzzle’, before introducing a two-step puzzle that combines both actions. We mapped social networks across two generations to ask if individuals could: (1) recombine socially-learned traits and (2) socially transmit a two-step trait. Our results show birds could recombine skills into more complex foraging behaviours, and naïve birds across both generations could learn the two-step trait. However, closer interrogation revealed that acquisition was not achieved entirely through social learning—rather, birds socially learned components before reconstructing full solutions asocially. As a consequence, singular cultural traditions failed to emerge, although subpopulations of birds shared preferences for a subset of behavioural variants. Our results show that while tits can socially learn complex foraging behaviours, these may need to be scaffolded by rewarding each component.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The emergence of collective knowledge and cumulative culture in animals, humans and machines’.
A somatosensory computation that unifies limbs and tools
Authors: Miller Luke E. , Fabio Cécile , de Vignemont Frédérique , Roy Alice , Medendorp W. Pieter , Farnè Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is often claimed that tools are embodied by the user, but whether the brain actually repurposes its body-based computations to perform similar tasks with tools is not known. A fundamental computation for localizing touch on the body is trilateration. Here, the location of touch on a limb is computed by integrating estimates of the distance between sensory input and its boundaries (e.g., elbow and wrist of the forearm). As evidence of this computational mechanism, tactile localization on a limb is most precise near its boundaries and lowest in the middle. We show that the brain repurposes trilateration to localize touch on a tool. In a large sample of participants, we found that localizing touch on a tool produced the signature of trilateration, with highest precision close to the base and tip of the tool. A computational model of trilateration provided a good fit to the observed localization behavior. To further demonstrate the computational plausibility of repurposing trilateration, we implemented it in a three-layer neural network that was based on principles of probabilistic population coding. This network determined hit location in tool-centered coordinates by using a tool’s unique pattern of vibrations when contacting an object. Simulations demonstrated the expected signature of trilateration, in line with the behavioral patterns. Our results have important implications for how trilateration may be implemented by somatosensory neural populations. We conclude that trilateration is a fundamental spatial computation that unifies limbs and tools.
Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with protection from Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bouzid Hind , Belk Julia A. , Jan Max , Qi Yanyan , Sarnowski Chloé , Wirth Sara , Ma Lisa , Chrostek Matthew , Ahmad Herra , Nachun Daniel , Yao Winnie ,   NHLBI Trans-omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Beiser Alexa , Bick Alexander G. , Bis Joshua C. , Fornage Myriam , Longstreth William T. , Lopez Oscar L. , Natarajan Pradeep , Psaty Bruce M. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Weinstock Joshua , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K. , Keene C. Dirk , Seshadri Sudha , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Montine Thomas J. , Jaiswal Siddhartha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a pre-malignant expansion of mutated blood stem cells that also associates with non-hematological disorders. Here, we tested whether CHIP was associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Surprisingly, we found that CHIP carriers had reduced risk of AD dementia or AD neuropathologic features in multiple cohorts. The same mutations found in blood were also detected in the microglia-enriched fraction of brain in 7 out of 8 CHIP carriers. Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of brain-derived nuclei in two CHIP carriers revealed that the mutated cells were indistinguishable from microglia and comprised between 42-77% of the total microglial pool. These results suggest a role for mutant, marrow-derived cells in attenuating risk of AD, possibly by supplementing a failing microglial system during aging.
De-novo generation of novel phenotypically active molecules for Chagas disease from biological signatures using AI-driven generative chemistry
Authors: Pikusa Michal , René Olivier , Williams Sarah , Chen Yen-Liang , Martin Eric , Godinez William J. , Rao Srinivasa P S , Guiguemde W. Armand , Nigsch Florian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning novel molecules with targeted biological activities and optimized physicochemical properties is a challenging endeavor in drug discovery. Recent developments in artificial intelligence have enhanced the early steps of de novo drug design and compound optimization. Herein, we present a generative adversarial network trained to design new chemical matter that satisfies a given biological signature. Our model, called pqsar2cpd, is based on the activity of compounds across multiple assays obtained via pQSAR (profile-quantitative structure–activity relationships). We applied pqsar2cpd to Chagas disease and designed a novel molecule that was experimentally confirmed to inhibit growth of parasites in vitro at low micromolar concentrations. Altogether, this approach bridges chemistry and biology into one single framework for the design of novel molecules with promising biological activity.
2½-minute 3D 7T 31P-MRSI of the human heart using concentric rings (CRT)
Authors: Clarke William , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Valkovič Ladislav , Rodgers Christopher T 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 3D density-weighted concentric ring trajectory (CRT) MRSI sequence is implemented for cardiac 31P-MRS at 7T.The point-by-point k-space sampling of traditional phase-encoded CSI sequences severely restricts the minimum scan time at higher spatial resolutions. Our proposed CRT sequence implements a stack of concentric rings trajectory, with a variable number of rings and planes spaced to optimise the density of k-space weighting. This creates flexibility in acquisition time, allowing acquisitions substantially faster than traditional phase-encoded CSI sequences, while retaining high SNR.We first characterise the signal-to-noise ratio and point spread function of the CRT sequence in phantoms. We then evaluate it at five different acquisition times and spatial resolutions in the hearts of five healthy participants at 7T. These different sequence durations are compared with existing published 3D acquisition-weighted CSI sequences with matched acquisition times and spatial resolutions. To minimise the effect of noise on the short acquisitions, low-rank denoising of the spatio-temporal data was also performed after acquisition.The proposed sequence measures 3D localised PCr/ATP ratios of the human myocardium in 2.5 minutes, 2.6 times faster than the minimum scan time for the acquisition-weighted phase-encoded CSI. Alternatively, in the same scan time a 1.7-times smaller nominal voxel volume can be achieved. Low-rank denoising reduced the variance of measured PCr/ATP ratios by 11% across all protocols. The faster acquisitions permitted by 7T CRT 31P-MRSI could make cardiac stress protocols or creatine kinase rate measurements (which involve repeated scans) more tolerable for patients without sacrificing spatial resolution.
Sensory convergence in the world’s largest cavefish diversification: patterns of neuromast evolution, distribution and associated behaviour in Sinocyclocheilus
Authors: Chen Bing , Mao Tingru , Liu Yewei , Dai Wenzhang , Li Xianglin , Rajput Amrapali P. , Yang Jian , Gross Joshua B. , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe genus Sinocyclocheilus represents the largest freshwater cavefish genus in the world. This emerging model system is endemic to the southern Chinese karstic landscape, and demonstrates multiple adaptations for caves (troglomorphism), with eye-degeneration being the most pronounced. The less-apparent lateral line system, which is often expanded in cave-dwellers, has been studied in other cavefish systems, but never in the context of this diversification. Here we investigated the distribution and evolution of cephalic neuromasts in 26 Sinocyclocheilus species. We used live-staining and behavioural assays, and interpreted results in a phylogenetic context. We show that asymmetry in neuromast features and the rate of evolution is greater in cave-adapted species. Ancestral state reconstructions show that most Sinocyclocheilus are right-biased with some scatter, and show convergence of neuromast phenotypes. There is substantial variation in cephalic neuromast distribution patterns between and (to a lesser extent) within species. Behavioural assays show blind species have a distinctive wall-following behaviour. We explain these patterns in the context of the deep evolutionary history associated with this karstic region, other organismal traits, and habitat occupation of these remarkable diversifications of fishes. Interestingly, some of these neuromast patterns and behaviour show convergence with other phylogenetically distant cavefish systems.
Coral larvae suppress the heat stress response during the onset of symbiosis thereby decreasing their odds of survival
Authors: Kitchen Sheila A. , Jiang Duo , Harii Saki , Satoh Noriyuki , Weis Virginia M. , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe endosymbiosis between most corals and their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners begins early in the host life history, when corals are larvae or juvenile polyps. The capacity of coral larvae to buffer climate-induced stress while in the process of symbiont acquisition could come with physiological trade-offs that alter larval behavior, development, settlement and survivorship. Here we examined the joint effects of thermal stress and symbiosis onset on colonization dynamics, survival, metamorphosis and host gene expression of Acropora digitifera larvae. We found that thermal stress decreased symbiont colonization of hosts by 50% and symbiont density by 98.5% over two weeks. Temperature and colonization also influenced larval survival and metamorphosis in an additive manner, where colonized larvae fared worse or prematurely metamorphosed more often than non-colonized larvae under thermal stress. Transcriptomic responses to colonization and thermal stress treatments were largely independent, while the interaction of these treatments revealed contrasting expression profiles of genes that function in the stress response, immunity, inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The combined treatment either canceled or lowered the magnitude of expression of heat-stress responsive genes in the presence of symbionts, revealing a physiological cost to acquiring symbionts at the larval stage with elevated temperatures. In addition, host immune suppression, a hallmark of symbiosis onset under ambient temperature, turned to immune activation under heat stress. Thus, by integrating the physical environment and biotic pressures that mediate pre-settlement event in corals, our results suggest that colonization may hinder larval survival and recruitment creating isolated, genetically similar populations under projected climate scenarios.
A novel camera trap design for studying wildlife in mountain glacier ecosystems yields new insight for glacier biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Hotaling Scott , Boersma Jordan , Paprocki Neil A. , Anderson Alissa , Whiles Logan , Ogburn Lucy , Kasper Sophia , White Catharine , Thornton Daniel H. , Wimberger Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContextThe global recession of glaciers and perennial snowfields is reshaping mountain ecosystems. Beyond physical changes to the landscape and altered downstream hydrology, the implications of glacier decline for biodiversity are poorly known. Before predictions can be made about how climate change will affect wildlife in glacier-associated ecosystems, a more thorough accounting of the role that glaciers play in species’ life histories is needed. However, typical approaches for documenting wildlife presence and behavior—remote camera traps—are difficult to use in glaciated terrain due to limited options for securing them (e.g., no trees) and dramatic seasonal changes in snowpack.AimsIn this study, we sought to test a novel camera trap designed for glaciated mountain ecosystems. We also aimed to use this approach to gain insight into wildlife and human usage of a mountain glacier in western North America.MethodsWe deployed an elevational transect of uniquely designed camera traps along the western margin of the Paradise Glacier, a rapidly receding mountain glacier on the south side of Mount Rainier, WA, USA. Our simple camera trap design consisted of a wildlife camera attached to a camouflaged cylindrical cooler filled with snow and rocks.Key resultsOur camera design proved ideal for a mountain glacier ecosystem and from June to September 2021, we detected at least 16 vertebrate species (seven birds, nine mammals) over 770 trap nights using glacier-associated habitats. Humans, primarily skiers, were the most common species detected, but we also recorded 99 observations of wildlife (birds and mammals). These included three species of conservation concern in Washington: wolverine (Gulo gulo), Cascade red fox (Vulpes vulpes cascadensis), and white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura).ConclusionsCollectively, our results provide proof-of-concept for a novel camera trap design that is ideal for treeless, perennially snow-covered landscapes and revealed a rich diversity of wildlife using mountain glacier habitat in the Pacific Northwest. We highlight the global need for similar studies to better understand the true scale of biodiversity that will be impacted by glacier recession in mountain ecosystems.
Time-Varying Mortality Risk Suggests Increased Impact of Thrombosis in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Lengerich Benjamin J. , Nunnally Mark E. , Aphinyanaphongs Yin , Caruana Rich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTreatment protocols, treatment availability, disease understanding, and viral characteristics have changed over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic; as a result, the risks associated with patient comorbidities and biomarkers have also changed. We add to the ongoing conversation regarding inflammation, hemostasis and vascular function in Covid-19 by performing a time-varying observational analysis of over 4000 patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in a New York City hospital system from March 2020 to August 2021 to elucidate the changing impact of thrombosis, inflammation, and other risk factors on in-hospital mortality. We find that the predictive power of biomarkers of thrombosis risk have increased over time, suggesting an opportunity for improved care by identifying and targeting therapies for patients with elevated thrombophilic propensity.
IGF1 Receptor Regulates Upward Firing Rate Homeostasis via the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter
Authors: Katsenelson Maxim , Shapira Ilana , Abbas Eman , Styr Boaz , Aïd Saba , Holzenberger Martin , Rizzoli Silvio , Slutsky Inna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegulation of firing rate homeostasis constitutes a fundamental property of central neural circuits. While intracellular Ca2+ has long been hypothesized to be a feedback control signal, the molecular machinery enabling network-wide homeostatic response remains largely unknown. Here we show that deletion of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), a well-known regulator of neurodevelopment and ageing, limits firing rate homeostasis in response to inactivity, without altering the baseline firing rate distribution. Disruption of both synaptic and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity contributed to deficient firing rate homeostatic response. At the cellular level, a fraction of IGF1Rs was localized in mitochondria with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc). IGF1R deletion suppressed spike burst-evoked mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) by weakening mitochondria-to-cytosol Ca2+ coupling. MCUc overexpression in IGF1R-deficient neurons rescued the deficits in spike-to-mitoCa2+ coupling and firing rate homeostasis. Our findings highlight IGF1R as a key regulator of the integrated homeostatic response by tuning mitochondrial temporal filtering. Decline in mitochondrial reliability for burst transfer may drive dysregulation of firing rate homeostasis in ageing and brain disorders associated with aberrant IGF1R / MCUc signaling.