bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of endometriosis and its association with ovarian cancer
Authors: Iyshwarya B.K. , Mohammed Vajagathali , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic and destructive developmental gynecologic condition that affects approximately 10% percent of females worldwide, and is one of the most frequent causes of extreme pelvic pain. The endometrium-like tissue, glands, and stroma outside the uterine cavity are often affected by endometriosis. It is estrogen-dependent and frequently affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. Symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, dyspareunia, as well as digestive and urinary symptoms often accompany endometriosis. The overall condition shares characteristics with ovarian carcinoma such as enhanced vascular activation of the endothelial growth factor, local invasion, lymph angiogenesis, neoangiogenic, mechanism tolerance to apoptosis, and genome instability. Genetic studies have shown that endometriotic lesions contain gene mutations related directly to malignancies, particularly theARID1A, p53, KRAS, andPTENgenes. However, women with endometriosis have a lower risk of ovarian cancer than the general population, where endometriosis was seen in only 1.3%, and did not diagnose ovarian cancer progression among them. We need to look into the connection between endometriosis and uterine carcinomas, as well as the common lesions and correlations in the uterine microenvironment, which may play a role in mutations and malignant exchanges. Although endometriosis is a risk factor of ovarian cancer, malignant cells from the uterus can migrate to the ovary and cause endometriosis-related ovarian cancer. The purpose of this article is to examine current data on genetic phenomena and molecular changes for endometriosis associated with ovarian cancer, focusing primarily on the proliferation of uterine and precise cell biomarkers.
Working memory for emotions in adolescents and young adults with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Byom Lindsey , Whaln Meaghan S. , Turkstra Lyn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective of this preliminary study was to investigate the interaction between working memory and social cognition in adolescents and young adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that participants with or without TBI would better recognize social information when working memory or social cognitive load was low and that adolescents and young adults with TBI would be more affected by increased cognitive demand than their uninjured peers.Design:In this experimental study, eight adolescents and young adults with complicated mild-severe TBI (aged 14–22 years) and eight age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) adolescents completed computer-based n-back tasks requiring recognition of either face identity or facial affect, with 0-back, 1-back and 2-back conditions.Results:The TBI group had lower scores overall than the TD group, and scores for both groups were lower for affect recognition than identity recognition. Scores for both groups were lower in conditions with a higher working memory load. There was a significant group by working memory interaction, with larger group differences in high-working memory conditions.Conclusions:Adolescents and young adults with TBI are at risk for social cognitive impairments and the ability to recognize affect may be influenced by working memory demands.
Early Miocene coral reef-associated bryozoans from Colombia. Part II: “Ascophora” Cheilostomatida
Authors: Flórez Paola , Di Martino Emanuela , Ramalho Laís V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBryozoans are common and diverse in fossil and modern coral reefs. However, studies of bryozoans in ancient reefs are generally limited, and even less is known about fossil bryozoan faunas associated with coral reefs in the Caribbean region. This is the second contribution describing the bryozoan assemblage from the early Miocene (Aquitanian) reefs of the Siamaná Formation in the La Guajira Peninsula, southern Caribbean. Here, we describe and illustrate 17 species of ascophoran-grade cheilostomes, including one new genus and three new species,Ditaxiporina colombianan. sp.,Poricella paulaen. sp., andCycloavicularia parvan. gen. n. sp. Of the remaining fourteen taxa left in open nomenclature, one is considered confer and three affinis to species previously described, one is identified at family level, and nine at genus level. The Siamaná bryozoan fauna differs in species and colony-form composition from those associated with other paleoenvironments from Oligocene and Miocene localities of North America, the Caribbean, and Brazil.UUID:http://zoobank.org/043eadcf-0e39-4c1b-b207-f7628d6b5c84
Discrimination in digital immigration status
Authors: Tomlinson Joe , Maxwell Jack , Welsh Alice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe UK has recently adopted a policy of granting digital-only proof of immigration status for certain groups of migrants. More than 4.5 million individuals are reliant on this form of status and the number is growing. In this paper, we argue that this policy, as currently operationalised, is unlawful as a result of its discriminatory impact. If it remains unchanged, the roots of digital discrimination in immigration policy and administration will be allowed to spread, with potentially disastrous consequences.
Beyond orchids and dandelions: Susceptibility to environmental influences is not bimodal
Authors: Zhang Xiaoya , Widaman Keith , Belsky Jay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study focused on generality versus specificity of susceptibility of effects of eight family and child-care exposures measured between 3 and 54 months of age (e.g., sensitive parenting, child-care quality) on five child development outcomes assessed at age 4.5 years (e.g. behavior problems, preacademic skill), using data from The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n= 1,364, boys = 705; White = 1,097, Black = 176, other = 91), while applying a novel influence-statistics method. Results indicated that susceptibility across the environment-predictor:child-outcome associations is normally rather than bimodally (i.e., orchid–dandelion) distributed. Analysis of susceptibility documents both domain generality and specificity of developmental plasticity, with effect sizes proving small in the former case. As predicted, children who as infants had difficult temperaments or who scored higher on a polygenic-plasticity score (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region [5-HTTLPR], dopamine receptor D4 [DRD4], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) proved somewhat more susceptible to some of the environmental effects investigated. Results lead to the recommendation that two-types-of-individuals vis-a-vis susceptibility to environmental influences be questioned and general-trait conceptions of susceptibility be further investigated.
The role of Aboriginal leadership in community health programmes
Authors: Stroud Victoria , Adams Josie , Champion Doreen , Hogarth Geraldine , Mahony Anne , Monck Ruth , Pinnegar Trulie , Sprigg dos Santos Naomi , Watson Charles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This is an account of the crucial role played by a strong local Aboriginal workforce in health care delivery. We report on the personal experience of dedicated Aboriginal health professionals across Western Australia. Their understanding of what has worked in the provision of primary health care in their communities emphasises the importance of strong, local collaboration in the development of effective prevention programmes at a community level.
“Cuba, Nicaragua, Unidas Vencerán”: Official Collaborations between the Sandinista and Cuban Revolutions
Authors: Snyder Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Cuban and Sandinista Revolutions stand together as Latin America's two socialist revolutions achieved through guerrilla insurgency in the latter half of the twentieth century. But beyond studies that demonstrate that Cuba militarily trained and supported the Sandinistas before, during, and after their guerrilla phase, and observations that the two countries were connected by the bonds of socialist revolution, the nature of Cuba and Nicaragua's revolutionary relationship remains little explored. This article traces exchanges of people and expertise between each revolutionary state's Ministry of Foreign Relations and Ministry of Culture. It employs diplomatic and institutional archives, personal collections, and oral interviews to demonstrate the deep involvement of Cuban experts in building the Sandinista state. Yet, Cuban advice may have exacerbated tensions within Nicaragua. This article also shows that tensions marked the day-to-day realities of Cubans and Nicaraguans tasked with carrying out collaborations, revealing their layered and often contradictory nature. Illuminating high-level policy in terms of Cuban-Nicaraguan exchanges and how they unfolded on the ground contributes to new international histories of the Sandinista and Cuban revolutions by shifting away from North-South perspectives to focus instead on how the Sandinistas navigated collaboration with their most important regional ally.
Seasonality of Solute Flux and Water Source Chemistry in a Coastal Glacierized Watershed Undergoing Rapid Change: Wolverine Glacier Watershed, Alaska
Authors: Bergstrom Anna , Koch Joshua C. , O'Neel Shad , Baker Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs glaciers around the world rapidly lose mass, the tight coupling between glaciers and downstream ecosystems is resulting in widespread impacts on global hydrologic and biogeochemical cycling. However, a range of challenges make it difficult to conduct research in glacierized systems, and our knowledge of seasonally changing hydrologic processes and solute sources and signatures is limited. This in turn hampers our ability to make predictions on solute composition and flux. We conducted a broad water sampling campaign in order to understand the present‐day partitioning of water sources and associated solutes in Alaska's Wolverine Glacier watershed. We established a relationship between electrical conductivity and streamflow at the watershed outlet to divide the melt season into four hydroclimatic periods. Across hydroclimatic periods, we observed a shift in nonglacial source waters from snowmelt‐dominated overland and shallow subsurface flow paths to deeper groundwater flow paths. We also observed the shift from a low‐ to high‐efficiency subglacial drainage network and the associated flushing of water stored subglacially with higher solute loads. We used calcium, the dominant dissolved ion, from watershed outlet samples to estimate solute fluxes for each hydroclimatic period across two melt seasons. We found between 40% and 55% of Ca2+ export occurred during the late season rainy period. This partitioning of the melt season coupled with a characterization of the chemical makeup and magnitude of solute export provides new insight into a rapidly changing watershed and creates a framework to quantify and predict changes to solute fluxes across a melt season.
The Relationship of Lightning Radio Pulse Amplitudes and Source Altitudes as Observed by LOFAR
Authors: Machado J. G. O. , Hare B. M. , Scholten O. , Buitink S. , Corstanje A. , Falcke H. , Hörandel J. R. , Huege T. , Krampah G. K. , Mitra P. , Mulrey K. , Nelles A. , Pandya H. , Rachen J. P. , Thoudam S. , Trinh T. N. G. , ter Veen S. , Winchen T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen a lightning flash is propagating in the atmosphere it is known that especially the negative leaders emit a large number of very high frequency (VHF) radio pulses. It is thought that this is due to streamer activity at the tip of the growing negative leader. In this work, we have investigated the dependence of the strength of this VHF emission on the altitude of such emission for two lightning flashes as observed by the Low Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope. We find for these two flashes that the extracted amplitude distributions are consistent with a power‐law, and that the amplitude of the radio emissions decreases very strongly with source altitude, by more than a factor of 2 from 1 km altitude up to 5 km altitude. In addition, we do not find any dependence on the extracted power‐law with altitude, and that the extracted power‐law slope has an average around 3, for both flashes.
Synthesis Analysis of SWOT KaRIn‐Derived Water Surface Heights and Local Cross‐Calibration of the Baseline Roll Knowledge Error Over Lake Baikal
Authors: Du B. , Li J. C. , Jin T. Y. , Zhou M. , Gao X. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides a promising opportunity for retrieval of high spatiotemporal resolution water surface height (WSH) over inland water bodies. To investigate the accuracy of SWOT derived WSH, the observations over Lake Baikal are simulated and a comprehensive evaluation is conducted in this study. Firstly, compared with Jason‐class altimeter WSH and in situ WSHs, the accuracy of SWOT KaRIn‐derived monthly WSHs and their spatiotemporal characteristics are analyzed. Secondly, a local cross‐calibration method is used to reduce the short wavelength roll error over lakes. The results show that, though SWOT has more observations than Jason‐class altimeter, the accuracy of the SWOT KaRIn‐derived monthly WSHs is difficult to be equivalent with those from Jason‐class altimeter, and varies with the number of duplicated observations, the spatial location and the time interval due to the effect of systematic erros and random errors, but can be significantly improved by local cross‐calibration method, especially at higher spatial resolutions after cross‐calibration associate with external nadir altimeter.
Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region
Authors: Feddersen Falk , Boehm Alexandria B. , Giddings Sarah N. , Wu Xiaodong , Liden Doug 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe popular beaches of the San Diego‐Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico—via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness. The US‐Mexico‐Canada trade agreement will fund border infrastructure projects reducing untreated wastewater discharges. However, estimating project benefits such as reduced human illness and beach impacts is challenging. We develop a coupled hydrodynamic, norovirus (NoV) pathogen, and swimmer illness risk model with the wastewater sources for the year 2017. The model is used to evaluate the reduction in human illness and beach impacts under baseline conditions and three infrastructure diversion scenarios which (Scenario A) reduce SAB/PTB discharges and moderately reduce TJRE inflows or (Scenarios B, C) strongly reduce TJRE in inflows only. The model estimates shoreline untreated wastewater and NoV concentrations, and the number of NoV ill swimmers at Imperial Beach CA. In the Baseline, the percentage of swimmers becoming ill is 3.8% over 2017, increasing to 4.5% during the tourist season (Memorial to Labor Day) due to south‐swell driven SAB/PTB plumes. Overall, Scenario A provides the largest reduction in ill swimmers and beach impacts for the tourist season and full year. The 2017 tourist season TJRE inflows were not representative of those in 2020, yet, Scenario A likely still provides the greatest benefit in other years. This methodology can be applied to other coastal regions with wastewater inputs.
Does Phobos Reflect Solar Wind Protons? Mars Express Special Flyby Operations With and Without the Presence of Phobos
Authors: Futaana Yoshifumi , Holmström Mats , Fedorov Andrey , Barabash Stas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe characterize the solar wind proton reflection (backscattering) from Phobos using a series of Mars Express operations. The plasma data obtained during the Phobos flyby of Mars Express in January 2016 showed a non‐solar wind signal possibly reflected from the Phobos surface. Similar signatures were previously reported during an earlier Phobos flyby in 2008. On the other hand, although Mars Express has encountered Phobos (within 100 km) more than 10 times, it has thus far detected only two clear cases of reflected protons. The intermittency of the reflected proton detections could indicate that these protons are not from Phobos but are produced by the spacecraft body or solar arrays under a special attitude configuration during the flyby maneuver. To rule out these artifacts as the cause, we conducted three special operations; Mars Express was operated using the identical attitude and solar panel control sequence but without Phobos nearby. All the measured plasma data during the special operations exhibit no additional plasma signatures. These fake flyby experiments indicate that the measured non‐solar wind protons during the real flyby are not from the spacecraft and that Phobos likely reflects solar wind into space. On the other hand, the intermittency of the reflected protons from Phobos remains unexplained. The reflected protons are vital additional plasma components because they inject enough energy to disturb the near‐Phobos plasma environment. In addition, we can utilize these reflected particles to remotely measure the surface precipitation flux.
Bedforms of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica: Character and Origin
Authors: Alley R. B. , Holschuh N. , MacAyeal D. R. , Parizek B. R. , Zoet L. , Riverman K. , Muto A. , Christianson K. , Clyne E. , Anandakrishnan S. , Stevens N. ,   GHOST Collaboration
Published: October 2021

AbstractBedforms of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica both record and affect ice flow, as shown by geophysical data and simple models. Thwaites Glacier flows across the tectonic fabric of the West Antarctic rift system with its bedrock highs and sedimentary basins. Swath radar and seismic surveys of the glacier bed have revealed soft‐sediment flutes 100 m or more high extending 15 km or more across basins downglacier from bedrock highs. Flutes end at prominent hard‐bedded moats on stoss sides of the next topographic highs. We use simple models to show that ice flow against topography increases pressure between ice and till upglacier along the bed over a distance that scales with the topography. In this basal zone of high pressure, ice‐contact water would be excluded, thus increasing basal drag by increasing ice‐till coupling and till flux, removing till to allow bedrock erosion that creates moats. Till carried across highlands would then be deposited in lee‐side positions forming bedforms that prograde downglacier over time, and that remain soft on top through feedbacks that match till‐deformational fluxes from well upglacier of the topography. The bedforms of the part of Thwaites surveyed here are prominent because ice flow has persisted over a long time on this geological setting, not because ice flow is anomalous. Bedform development likely has caused evolution of ice flow over time as till and lubricating water were redistributed, moats were eroded and bedforms grew.
A Double‐Moment SBU‐YLIN Cloud Microphysics Scheme and Its Impact on a Squall Line Simulation
Authors: Zhao Xi , Lin Yanluan , Luo Yali , Qian Qifeng , Liu Xi , Liu Xiantong , Colle Brian A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA double‐moment version of the SBU‐YLIN cloud microphysical scheme in WRF is introduced. It predicts the mass and number mixing ratios of cloud droplet, rain, cloud ice, and precipitating ice. In addition, a number of physical processes, like rain evaporation, collection between rain and snow are also optimized in the new scheme. The scheme is evaluated and compared with the original one‐moment scheme for a squall line case. We found that the double‐moment approach gives a better representation of rain evaporation, which is critical for the development, morphology, and evolution of the simulated squall line, especially for the enhanced trailing stratiform cloud and leading convective line. The relationship between key microphysical processes and squall line dynamics is investigated to identify the driving mechanisms of the descending rear inflow, cold pool, and slantwise updraft. Furthermore, formation of the transition zone in the simulated squall line strongly depends on the flexible description of ice particle properties, such as size, degree of riming and fall speed.
Realism of Lagrangian Large Eddy Simulations Driven by Reanalysis Meteorology: Tracking a Pocket of Open Cells Under a Biomass Burning Aerosol Layer
Authors: Kazil Jan , Christensen Matthew W. , Abel Steven J. , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Feingold Graham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn approach to drive Lagrangian large eddy simulation (LES) of boundary layer clouds with reanalysis data is presented and evaluated using satellite (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, SEVIRI) and aircraft (Cloud‐Aerosol‐Radiation Interactions and Forcing, CLARIFY) measurements. The simulations follow trajectories of the boundary layer flow. They track the formation and evolution of a pocket of open cells (POC) underneath a biomass burning aerosol layer in the free troposphere. The simulations reproduce the evolution of observed stratocumulus cloud morphology, cloud optical depth, and cloud drop effective radius, and capture the timing of the cloud state transition from closed to open cells seen in the satellite imagery on the three considered trajectories. They reproduce a biomass burning aerosol layer identified by the in‐situ aircraft measurements above the inversion of the POC. Entrainment of aerosol from the biomass burning layer into the POC is limited to the extent of having no impact on cloud‐ or boundary layer properties, in agreement with the CLARIFY observations. The two‐moment bin microphysics scheme used in the simulations reproduces the in‐situ cloud microphysical properties reasonably well. A two‐moment bulk microphysics scheme reproduces the satellite observations in the non‐precipitating closed‐cell state, but overestimates liquid water path and cloud optical depth in the precipitating open‐cell state due to insufficient surface precipitation. A boundary layer cold and dry bias occurring in LES can be counteracted by reducing the grid aspect ratio and by tightening the large scale wind speed nudging towards the surface.
Evolution of Sea Surface Hydrology Along the Western Australian Margin Over the Past 450 kyr
Authors: Pei Renjie , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann , Jöhnck Janika , Hingst Johanna , Beil Sebastian , Lübbers Julia , Andersen Nils 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe collected a suite of core top samples during R/V Sonne Cruise SO257 in May 2017 along the southwestern front of the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) to monitor the variability of Southern Hemisphere tropical and subtropical sea surface hydrology and to assess temperature and salinity reconstructions with data sets reflecting conditions in the post‐monsoonal season. In our core top samples, a steep increase in planktic δ18O, associated with a decrease in sea surface temperature (SST), indicates that the southwestern front of the IPWP is located between 23° and 24°S during austral fall. We additionally reconstructed SST, sea surface salinity ,and δ18O seawater (δ18Osw) over the last 450 kyr in two sediment successions located within and beyond the monsoonal rain belt. Our records show that SST was highly coherent and phase‐locked with atmospheric pCO2 during the last 450 kyr. The regional differences in the δ18Osw records reveal that the Western Australian Margin north of 15°S remained seasonally under the influence of IPWP water masses, even during glacials. The temporal variability in upper ocean hydrology along the Western Australian Margin is not directly coupled to local monsoonal precipitation, but is strongly affected by advective mixing of Indonesian Throughflow derived water masses.