bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed-Tomography-Structured Reporting in Middle Ear Opacification: Surgical Results and Clinical Considerations From a Large Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Cavaliere Michele , Di Lullo Antonella Miriam , Russo Camilla , Mesolella Massimo , Cantone Elena , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Motta Gaetano , Elefante Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study is to compare the accuracy of unstructured preoperative Computed Tomography (CT) reports from non-tertiary diagnostic centers with intraoperative findings in a large cohort of patients with Chronic Otitis Media (COM) undergone surgery.Methods: From 2012 to 2019, a total number of 301 patients were considered for our purposes. All patients with clinical evidence of COM had preoperative non-contrast high resolution CT scan of the temporal bone in non-tertiary diagnostic centers, performed within 3 months before surgery.Results: The accuracy of CT reports was analyzed in terms of nature, anatomical site, disease extension, bony erosion, vascular structures abnormalities relevant to surgical planning, and Eustachian tube patency. Compared to post-surgical findings, CT reporting critical analysis revealed a tendency to overestimation of bony erosion, coupled to underestimated description of facial canal/lateral semi-circular canal, vascular structures, and Eustachian tube.Conclusion: Discrepancies between CT reports and surgical findings in middle ear opacification can be at least in part due to limited expertise of general radiologists in ENT neuroimaging. To limit this lack of information and the limited accuracy of middle ear structures depiction, here we propose a structured checklist to adopt in the case of a temporal bone CT scan for COM, in order to optimize the communication with surgeons and provide all the crucial information for an accurate surgical planning.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery vs. Linear Incision Technique With Soft Tissue Preservation for Installation of Percutaneous Bone Conduction Devices
Authors: Strijbos Ruben M. , Straatman Louise V. , Calon Tim G. A. , Johansson Martin L. , de Bruijn Arthur J. G. , van den Berge Herbert , Wagenaar Mariette , Eichhorn Edwin , Janssen Miranda , Jonhede Sofia , van Tongeren Joost , Holmberg Marcus , Stokroos Robert 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Comparing the surgical outcomes of the Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery (MIPS) technique with the linear incision technique with soft tissue preservation (LITT-P) for bone conduction devices after a follow-up of 22 months.Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, there was the inclusion of 64 adult patients eligible for unilateral surgery. There was 1:1 randomization to the MIPS (test) or the LITT-P (control) group. The primary outcome was an (adverse) soft tissue reaction. Secondary outcomes were pain, loss of sensibility, soft tissue height/overgrowth, skin sagging, implant loss, Implant Stability Quotient measurements, cosmetic scores, and quality of life questionnaires.Results: Sixty-three subjects were analyzed in the intention-to-treat population. No differences were found in the presence of (adverse) soft tissue reactions during complete follow-up. Also, there were no differences in pain, wound dehiscence, skin level, soft tissue overgrowth, and overall quality of life. Loss of sensibility (until 3-month post-surgery), cosmetic scores, and skin sagging outcomes were better in the MIPS group. The Implant Stability Quotient was higher after the LITT-P for different abutment lengths at various points of follow-up. Implant extrusion was nonsignificantly higher after the MIPS (15.2%) compared with LITT-P (3.3%).Conclusion: The long-term results show favorable outcomes for both techniques. The MIPS is a promising technique with some benefits over the LITT-P. Concerns regarding nonsignificantly higher implant loss may be overcome with future developments and research.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02438618.
Predictors of Adherence Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Using the BETACONNECT® Autoinjector: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Köhler Wolfgang , Bayer-Gersmann Kirsten , Neußer Thomas , Schürks Markus , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: February 2021

Background: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), non-adherence to disease-modifying drug therapy is associated with an increased rate of MS relapses. Early identification of patients at risk of non-adherence would allow provision of timely and individualized support. The aim of the BETAPREDICT study was to investigate potential predictors of adherence in patients with MS in Germany treated with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) using the BETACONNECT® autoinjector.Methods: BETAPREDICT was a national, multi-center, prospective, non-interventional, single-arm, 24-month cohort study of patients with relapsing–remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome receiving IFNβ-1b via the BETACONNECT® autoinjector (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02486640). Injection data were captured by the autoinjector. The primary objective was to determine baseline predictors of compliance, persistence, and adherence to IFNβ-1b treatment after 12- and 24 months using multivariable-adjusted regression. Secondary objectives included evaluation of satisfaction with the autoinjector, injection site pain, vitamin and nutrient supplementation, clinical course, and patient-related outcome measures.Results: Of 165 patients enrolled, 153 were available for analysis (120 with autoinjector data). Seventy-two patients left the study prematurely. Compliance (N = 120), persistence (N = 153), and adherence (N = 120) at 24 months were 89.1, 53.6, and 41.7%, respectively. Compliance at 12- and 24 months was predicted by intake of vitamin D supplements and absence of specific injection site reactions. Positive predictors of persistence included age (at 12- and 24 months) and previous duration of treatment (at 12 months), while intake of vitamins/nutrients other than vitamin D was a negative predictor (at 12 months). Positive predictors of adherence at 24 months were age and being experienced with IFNβ-1b. Higher scores in specific SF-36 subscales were positive predictors of medication-taking behavior at 24 months. Satisfaction with the autoinjector was high at baseline and 24 months (median score: 9 out of 10).Conclusions: Compliance with IFNβ-1b treatment among participants still under observation remained high over a 24-month period, while persistence and adherence continuously declined. Multiple factors affected medication-taking behavior, including patient characteristics, treatment history, injection site reactions, patients' perception of their health and support programs. The importance of these factors may differ among patients according to their individual situation.
Epileptic High-Frequency Oscillations in Intracranial EEG Are Not Confounded by Cognitive Tasks
Authors: Boran Ece , Stieglitz Lennart , Sarnthein Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Rationale: High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in intracranial EEG (iEEG) are used to delineate the epileptogenic zone during presurgical diagnostic assessment in patients with epilepsy. HFOs are historically divided into ripples (80–250 Hz), fast ripples (FR, &gt;250 Hz), and their co-occurrence (FRandR). In a previous study, we had validated the rate of FRandRs during deep sleep to predict seizure outcome. Here, we ask whether epileptic FRandRs might be confounded by physiological FRandRs that are unrelated to epilepsy.Methods: We recorded iEEG in the medial temporal lobe MTL (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala) in 17 patients while they performed cognitive tasks. The three cognitive tasks addressed verbal working memory, visual working memory, and emotional processing. In our previous studies, these tasks activated the MTL. We re-analyzed the data of these studies with the automated detector that focuses on the co-occurrence of ripples and FRs (FRandR).Results: For each task, we identified those channels in which the HFO rate was modulated during the task condition compared to the control condition. However, the number of these channels did not exceed the chance level. Interestingly, even during wakefulness, the HFO rate was higher for channels within the seizure onset zone (SOZ) than for channels outside the SOZ.Conclusion: Our prospective definition of an epileptic HFO, the FRandR, is not confounded by physiological HFOs that might be elicited by our cognitive tasks. This is reassuring for the clinical use of FRandR as a biomarker of the EZ.
Associations of P Score With Real-World Survival Improvement Offered by Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II Colon Cancer: A Large Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Qi , Shan Zezhi , Luo Dakui , Zhang Sheng , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBased on a prognostic scoring system (P score) proposed by us recently, this retrospective large population-based and propensity score-matched (PSM) study focused on predicting the survival benefit of adjuvant CT in stage II disease.MethodsPatients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer (N = 73397) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 2005 and divided into the CT and non-CT groups. PSM balanced the patient characteristics between the CT and non-CT groups.ResultsThe magnitude of CSS improvement among patients treated with adjuvant CT was significantly associated with the P score, score 8 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.580, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.323–1.040, P = 0.067] was associated with a much higher increased CSS benefit among patients treated with adjuvant CT as compared to score 2* (*, including scores 0, 1, and 2; HR = 1.338, 95% CI = 1.089–1.644, P = 0.006).ConclusionsHigh P scores were demonstrated to be associated with superior survival benefit of adjuvant CT. Therapy decisions of adjuvant CT in stage II colon cancer could be tailored on the basis of tumor biology, patient characteristics and the P score.
A Nomogram Predicting the Prognosis of Children With Biliary Atresia After Hepatoportoenterostomy
Authors: Liu Jin-qiao , Chen Wen-juan , Zhou Meng-jie , Li Wen-feng , Tang Ju , Zhou Qi-chang 
Published: February 2021

Background: Although Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is performed timely for most children with biliary atresia (BA), the native liver survival (NLS) is still poor due to the progressive liver fibrosis. Many children have to receive liver transplantation (LT) within 2 years after KPE. Early prediction of the prognosis permits the implementation of prophylactic treatments for BA children. However, studies about the prediction are limited.Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of BA children within 2 years after KPE.Methods: The follow-up data of 151 BA children were retrospectively reviewed, and were randomly divided into a training cohort for constructing a nomogram (n = 103) and a validation cohort (n = 48). In the training cohort, patients were divided into Group A and Group B according to whether death or LT were observed within 2 years post-KPE. Multivariate Cox regression based on the baseline characteristics, liver function indicators and LSM (liver stiffness measurement) values at KPE and 3 months after KPE was utilized for the establishment of the nomogram in predicting the prognosis of BA within 2 years after KPE. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were internally and externally validated.Results: Fifty-six BA children were included in Group A and 47 were included in group B. Age at KPE, METAVIR score F4, LSM at 3 months, first onset of cholangitis within 3 months, and jaundice clearance time were the independent predictors for the prognosis of BA children within 2 years after KPE (all P &lt; 0.05). The developed nomogram based on these independent predictors showed good discrimination and calibration by the internal and external validation. Its performance was better than each predictor in predicting the prognosis (all P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: The established nomogram based on the indicators from the first 3 months after KPE may be useful for predicting the prognosis of BA children within 2 years post-KPE and helpful for the consideration of LT.
Associations Between Childhood Abuse and COVID-19 Hyperarousal in Adulthood: The Role of Social Environment
Authors: John-Henderson Neha A. , Counts Cory J. , Ginty Annie T. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundChildhood abuse increases risk for high levels of distress in response to future stressors. Interpersonal social support is protective for health, particularly during stress, and may be particularly beneficial for individuals who experienced childhood abuse.ObjectiveInvestigate whether childhood abuse predicts levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and test whether the perceived availability of social companionship preceding the pandemic moderates this relationship.MethodsDuring Phase 1, adults (N= 120; AgeM[SD] = 19.4 [0.94]) completed a retrospective measure of childhood adversity along with a measure of perceived availability of opportunities for social engagement immediately preceding the pandemic. Two weeks after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) with respect to the pandemic. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined the interaction between childhood abuse and the perceived availability of social companionship preceding the pandemic as a predictor of PTSD symptoms.ResultsAdjusting for covariates, the interaction between childhood abuse and perceived availability of others to engage with before the onset of the pandemic was a significant predictor of IES-hyperarousal (β = −0.19,t= −2.06,p= 0.04, ΔR2= 0.032, CI: [−0.31 to −0.01]).ConclusionLevels of perceived opportunities for social companionship before the pandemic associates with levels of hyperarousal related to the pandemic, particularly for individuals who experienced high levels of childhood abuse. More research is needed to understand how to mitigate the higher levels of distress related to the pandemic for these individuals in order to reduce risk for future psychiatric disorders.
Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events During 12 Months of Treatment With Efavirenz in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hua Wei , Wang Sen , Wang Xi , Shao Ying , Wang Yali , Ye Jiangzhu , Su Bin , Jiang Taiyi , Zhang Tong , Wu Hao , Liu An , Li Qunhui , Mahajan Supriya D. , Li Zaicun , Sun Lijun , Dai Lili 
Published: February 2021

Background: Efavirenz (EFV) is widely used in antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the incidence and risk factors of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) after EFV treatment have rarely been studied in Chinese ART naïve patients.Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment with EFV to determine prevalence of and factors associated with NPAEs over a 12-month follow-up period using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances at baseline were 30.4, 22.7, and 68.1%, respectively. Six patients discontinued treatment due to drug related NPAEs. Treatment was associated with improvements in HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores over the 12-month follow-up, and the frequencies of patients with anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances significantly decreased after 12 months. Abnormal baseline HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores and other factors, including high school education or lower income, unemployment, divorce, and WHO III/IV stages, were associated with severe neuropsychiatric disorders over the 12 months.Conclusions: These findings suggested EFV discontinuation due to NAPEs was low, and the HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores after 12 months of EFV treatment were associated with several risk factors. The clinicians should keep in mind and routinely screen for the risk factors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV-infected patients.
Impact of Pandemics/Epidemics on Emergency Department Utilization for Mental Health and Substance Use: A Rapid Review
Authors: Munich Julie , Dennett Liz , Swainson Jennifer , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Hayward Jake 
Published: February 2021

Background: A prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to trigger a global mental health crisis increasing demand for mental health emergency services. We undertook a rapid review of the impact of pandemics and epidemics on emergency department utilization for mental health (MH) and substance use (SU).Objective: To rapidly synthesize available data on emergency department utilization for psychiatric concerns during COVID-19.Methods: An information specialist searched Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, CINAHL, and Scopus on June 16, 2020 and updated the search on July 24, 2020. Our search identified 803 abstracts, 7 of which were included in the review. Six articles reported on the COVID-19 pandemic and one on the SARS epidemic.Results: All studies reported a decrease in overall and MH related ED utilization during the early pandemic/epidemic. Two studies found an increase in SU related visits during the same period. No data were available for mid and late stage pandemics and the definitions for MH and SU related visits were inconsistent across studies.Conclusions: Our results suggest that COVID-19 has resulted in an initial decrease in ED visits for MH and an increase in visits for SU. Given the relative paucity of data on the subject and inconsistent analytic methods used in existing studies, there is an urgent need for investigation of pandemic-related changes in ED case-mix to inform system-level change as the pandemic continues.
Architecture and typhlology. The potential of scientific partnership
Authors: Kłopotowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

The connections between architecture and typhlology were not always obvious. Despite many related research problems, these sciences developed separately, and the study results of specialists from both departments did not reach the other discipline. An attempt to reduce this distance was made in the late decades of the 20th century by Polish architects, aware of the possibility of solving specific problems of the blind through architectural activities.
The work is an attempt to constitute an interdisciplinary relationship between architecture and typhlology. The author indicates and names common issues important for both sciences, and also attempts to outline areas of their potential cooperation. In addition, she also highlights the values ​​that can flow from this partnership.
Improvement in THz light extraction efficiencies with antireflection subwavelength gratings on a silicon prism
Authors: Huang Ying , Kosugi Atsuki , Naito Yuya , Takida Yuma , Minamide Hiroaki , Hane Kazuhiro , Kanamori Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An antireflection (AR) structure that incorporates a subwavelength grating (SWG) is a promising candidate for suppressing the Fresnel reflection of a silicon prism used as a component of an injection-seeded THz wave parametric generator (is-TPG) to improve the efficiency in extracting THz waves. Here, a two-dimensional binary AR-SWG with a 20 μm period is designed and then numerically and experimentally realized. The measured transmittance of the AR-SWG is discovered to be greater than 80% from 0.5 to 4.0 THz and to exceed 90% from 1.25 to 2.83 THz. Moreover, the AR-SWG is tightly attached to the Si prism of the is-TPG by direct-bonding technology. Compared to the is-TPG without AR-SWGs, the output increases by 1.3–1.5 times from 1.09 to 2.52 THz. The improvement in THz light extraction efficiency is thus successfully demonstrated.
Crystallite size analysis of Al/Ni multilayer powder by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction
Authors: Yamashita Soto , Yamamoto Rino , Miyake Shugo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The self-propagated exothermic reaction characteristics of Al/Ni multilayer powders can be employed as heat sources and controlled by cold-rolling conditions. This feature depends on the heat propagation inside of crystal grains. Therefore, the crystallographic factor that relates cold-rolling conditions to exothermic characteristics should be identified. To determine the change trend in crystallite size with the increase in the number of rolling passes, the crystallite sizes in the Al/Ni multilayer powder were calculated using Scherrer’s equation, and precise X-ray profiles were obtained using the synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction method. The results indicate that the crystallite sizes were refined by increasing the number of rolling passes up to 30; from 30 to 40 passes, however, the crystallite sizes increased. It is assumed that, in addition to the Al/Ni multilayer powder being thin and multilayered, the increase in crystallite size at 40 passes allows for the smooth propagation of heat, consequently improving the exothermic characteristics. Therefore, crystallite size is the dominant parameter in the relationship between rolling conditions and exothermic characteristics.
Effect of C- and Fe-doped GaN buffer on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor performance on GaN substrate using side-gate modulation
Authors: Villamin Maria Emma , Kondo Takaaki , Iwata Naotaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Side-gate (SG) modulation on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor performance with C-doped GaN buffer (C-GaN) and Fe-doped GaN buffer (Fe-GaN) layer on GaN substrate is experimentally investigated. The SG contacts are located 6 μm from either side of the device mesa, and etched near the channel layer. SG modulation is done by two methods, that is, applying a fixed side-gate voltage (V
SG) bias while the DC characteristics are measured, and bidirectional dual sweeping the applied V
SG while measuring the on-state drain current (I
D). At fixed high negative V
SG, a drastic decrease in transconductance and I
D is evident for C-GaN as compared to Fe-GaN. Moreover, evidence of larger memory effect in C-GaN, is demonstrated as shown in the I
D hysteresis feature using bidirectional dual-sweep V
SG measurements. The I
D decreased at high negative V
SG is inferred to be due to the field modulation caused by the SG.
Effects of thermal expansion and degeneracy on ambipolar carrier mobility of non-peripherally hexyl-substituted phthalocyanine
Authors: Fujisaki Masataka , Fujii Akihiko , Yoneya Makoto , Tohnai Norimitsu , Ozaki Masanori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The origin of the negative temperature dependence of carrier mobility in a crystal phase of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octahexylphthalocyanine was studied by utilizing a charge transport simulation based on Marcus theory and density functional theory. In order to understand the unique negative temperature dependence of carrier mobility, the theoretical calculation was carried out by taking the thermal expansion of the lattice parameters into consideration. The calculated hole mobility exhibited the similar temperature dependence as the experimental results. In the electron mobility calculation, the negative temperature dependence could be simulated by considering the degeneracy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals as well as the thermal expansion.