bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Stable Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Xiong Haifeng , Datye Abhaya K. , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention in fields related to energy, environment, and material sciences because of the high atom efficiency and the unique properties of these materials. Many approaches have hitherto been successfully established to prepare SACs, including impregnation, pyrolysis‐involved processes, atom trapping, and coprecipitation. However, under typical reaction conditions, single atoms on catalysts tend to migrate or agglomerate, forming nanoclusters or nanoparticles, which lowers their surface free energy. Efforts are required to develop strategies for improving the thermal stability of SACs while achieving excellent catalytic performance. In this Progress Report, recent advances in the development of thermally durable single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts are discussed. Several important preparation approaches for thermally stable SACs are described in this article. Fundamental understanding of the coordination structures of thermally stable single atom prepared by these methods is discussed. Furthermore, the catalytic performances of these thermally stable SACs are reviewed, including their activity and stability. Finally, a perspective of this important and rapidly evolving research field is provided.
Degradable and Removable Tough Adhesive Hydrogels
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Uzun Oktay , Luna Nadja M. Maldonado , Rock Anna , Clifford Charles , Stoler Emily , Östlund‐Sholars Gabrielle , Johnson Christopher , Mooney David J. 
Published: March 2021

The development of tough adhesive hydrogels has enabled unprecedented adhesion to wet and moving tissue surfaces throughout the body, but they are typically composed of nondegradable components. Here, a family of degradable tough adhesive hydrogels containing ≈90% water by incorporating covalently networked degradable crosslinkers and hydrolyzable ionically crosslinked main‐chain polymers is developed. Mechanical toughness, adhesion, and degradation of these new formulations are tested in both accelerated in vitro conditions and up to 16 weeks in vivo. These degradable tough adhesives are engineered with equivalent mechanical and adhesive properties to nondegradable tough adhesives, capable of achieving stretches >20 times their initial length, fracture energies >6 kJ m−2, and adhesion energies >1000 J m−2. All degradable systems show complete degradation within 2 weeks under accelerated aging conditions in vitro and weeks to months in vivo depending on the degradable crosslinker selected. Excellent biocompatibility is observed for all groups after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of implantation, with minimal fibrous encapsulation and no signs of organ toxicity. On‐demand removal of the adhesive is achieved with treatment of chemical agents which do not cause damage to underlying skin tissue in mice. The broad versatility of this family of adhesives provides the foundation for numerous in vivo indications.
Oxime‐Derived Iminyl Radicals in Selective Processes of Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Addition to Carbon‐Carbon π‐Bonds
Authors: Krylov Igor B. , Segida Oleg O. , Budnikov Alexander S. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOximes represent one of the fundamental organic compound classes with a wide range of synthetic applications. In the last decade O‐substituted oximes were recognized as the synthetically available and versatile precursors of iminyl radicals via one‐electron oxidation or one‐electron reduction employing visible light photoredox catalysts, salts of abundant metals (such as Cu or Fe), or other convenient reagents. Iminyl radicals are powerful synthons for various processes of cyclization, ring‐opening, CH‐functionalization, and coupling. The present review is focused on the synthetic methods based on oxime‐derived iminyl radicals developed in the last few years excluding ring opening reactions of cyclic iminyl radicals that were summarized in recent publications. The review consists of two main parts: (1) reactions of iminyl radicals involving 1,n‐hydrogen atom transfer (n=5 in most cases) and (2) reactions involving the addition of iminyl radical to the carbon‐carbon π‐bond.magnified image
MASP1‐related 3MC syndrome in a patient from Turkey
Authors: Durmaz Ceren Damla , Altıner Şule 
Published: March 2021

Abstract3MC syndrome is a rare condition manifesting with typical facial appearance, postnatal growth deficiency, skeletal manifestations, and genitourinary tract anomalies. 3MC is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in MASP1, COLEC11, or COLEC10. Here, we report an affected subject of Kurdish origin from Turkey presenting with facial dysmorphisms, such as, hypertelorism, blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis, highly arched eyebrows, umbilical hernia, and caudal appendage. These features were compatible with 3MC syndrome. Molecular analysis revealed a novel homozygous pathogenic variant, c.310C > T; p.Gln104Ter in the MASP1 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. Few subjects with 3MC syndrome have been reported in the literature so far. Thus, detailed study of this subject contributes to the evolving clinical and genetic characterization of 3MC syndrome.
Merging Reagent Modulation and Remote Anchimeric Assistance for Glycosylation: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Glycans up to a 30‐mer
Authors: Zhang Yunqin , He Haiqing , Chen Zixi , Huang Yingying , Xiang Guisheng , Li Penghua , Yang Xingkuan , Lu Gang , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of long, branched, and complex carbohydrates containing multiple 1,2‐cis glycosidic linkages is a long‐standing challenge. Here, we report a merging reagent modulation and 6‐O‐levulinoyl remote anchimeric assistance glycosylation strategy, which is successfully applied to the first highly stereoselective synthesis of the branched Dendrobium Huoshanense glycans and the linear Longan glycans containing up to 30 contiguous 1,2‐cis glucosidic bonds. DFT calculations shed light on the origin of the much higher stereoselectivities of 1,2‐cis glucosylation with 6‐O‐levulinoyl group than 6‐O‐acetyl or 6‐O‐benzoyl groups. Orthogonal one‐pot glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoates and ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates has been demonstrated in the efficient synthesis of complex glycans, precluding such issues as aglycon transfer inherent to orthogonal one‐pot synthesis based on thioglycosides.
Characteristics of spring consecutive dry days with different durations across China based on the objective zoning approach
Authors: Zeng Zixuan , Sun Jianqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe duration of dry periods is closely related to drought conditions and is used to evaluate the degree of drought. In this article, using the rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) and K‐medoids clustering methods and considering the spatial continuity, 500 stations in China are divided into 10 clusters to analyze the variation characteristics of consecutive dry days (CDDs) with different durations in spring. In Clusters 1–5 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, North China, and eastern and western Southwest China, the contribution percentage of short‐duration CDDs to total dry days decreases, while that of medium‐ and/or long‐duration CDDs increases, which leads to an increase in the total dry days and the duration of CDDs. In Clusters 6–8, the total dry days decrease, which are mainly contributed by the decreases in medium‐duration CDDs (for Cluster 6 over southern Northeast China) or long‐duration CDDs (for Clusters 7–8 over northern Northeast China and southern Xinjiang). The total dry days change little in Clusters 9–10 over eastern Northwest China and northern Xinjiang, which is attributed to the offset among the changes in the three‐type duration CDDs. In Clusters 6–10, the duration of CDDs shortens overall. The decadal changes of spring dry days in China exhibit remarkable regional differences. The total day days and three‐type duration CDDs in some clusters (1, 4, and 8) all have significant decadal changes, but they have not in Cluster 7. And the decadal change times also exhibit regional differences. The investigation of different‐duration CDDs in this study provides more information on droughts at different time scales in China.
European trends in mortality in children with congenital anomalies: 2000–2015
Authors: Pitt Matilda J , Morris Joan K 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if the survival of children with congenital anomalies has improved from 2000 to 2015 and whether there is heterogeneity in the improvements across Europe.DesignPopulation‐based study of routine collected data from the WHO database on mortality and causes.SettingData on 31 European countries from 2000 to 2015.Main outcome measuresAll‐cause and congenital anomaly mortality rates for infants and children up to age 9 in countries and regions of Europe.ResultsThe relative odds of all‐cause mortality in 2015 compared with 2000 was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.50–0.59) for under 1, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.44–0.53) for ages 1–4, and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.49–0.56) for ages 5–9 with the relative odds of mortality from congenital anomalies being 0.49 (95% CI: 0.44–0.55), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.44–0.60), and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.53–0.80), respectively. The proportion of deaths from congenital anomalies remained relatively constant over time (26, 16, and 9% for under 1, ages 1–4, and ages 5–9, respectively) and was similar in all regions of Europe. For mortality from all causes and from congenital anomalies heterogeneity between countries and regions of Europe was high, with the countries in Eastern Europe having higher rates, but also experiencing greater relative reductions in mortality from 2000 to 2015.ConclusionThere was a large geo‐spatial disparity in all cause and congenital anomaly mortality for infants and children up to 9. However, all regions saw a significant decrease in all cause and congenital anomaly mortality rates, with the proportions of deaths from congenital anomalies remaining constant over this time.
Anchor‐IMPACT: A standardized microfluidic platform for high‐throughput antiangiogenic drug screening
Authors: Kim Suryong , Ko Jihoon , Lee Seung‐Ryeol , Park Dohyun , Park Seunghyuk , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn vitro models are becoming more advanced to truly present physiological systems while enabling high‐throughput screening and analysis. Organ‐on‐a‐chip devices provide remarkable results through the reconstruction of a three‐dimensional (3D) cellular microenvironment although they need to be further developed in terms of multiple liquid patterning principle, material properties, and scalability. Here we present a 3D anchor‐based microfluidic injection‐molded plastic array culture platform (Anchor‐IMPACT) that enables selective, space‐intensive patterning of hydrogels using anchor‐island for high‐throughput angiogenesis evaluation model. Anchor‐IMPACT consists of a central channel and an anchor‐island, integrating the array into an abbreviated 96‐well plate format with a standard microscope slide size. The anchor‐island enables selective 3D cell patterning without channel‐to‐channel contact or any hydrogel injection port using an anchor structure unlike conventional culture compartment. The hydrogel was patterned into defined regions by spontaneous capillary flow under hydrophilic conditions. We configured multiple cell patterning structures to investigate the angiogenic potency of colorectal cancer cells in Anchor‐IMPACT and the morphological properties of the angiogenesis induced by the paracrine effect were evaluated. In addition, the efficacy of anticancer drugs against angiogenic sprouts was verified by following dose‐dependent responses. Our results indicate that Anchor‐IMPACT offers not only a model of high‐throughput experimentation but also an advanced 3D cell culture platform and can significantly improve current in vitro models while providing the basis for developing predictive preclinical models for biopharmaceutical applications.
Integrating high cell density cultures with adapted laboratory evolution for improved Gag‐HA virus‐like particles production in stable insect cell lines
Authors: Fernandes Bárbara , Correia Ricardo , Sousa Marcos , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Alves Paula M. , Roldão António 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStable insect cell lines are emerging as an alternative to the insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS) for protein expression, benefiting from being a virus‐free, nonlytic system. Still, the titers achieved are considerably lower. In this study, stable insect (Sf‐9 and High Five) cells producing Gag virus‐like particles (VLPs) were first adapted to grow under hypothermic culture conditions (22°C instead of standard 27°C), and then pseudotyped with a model membrane protein (influenza hemagglutinin [HA]) for expression of Gag‐HA VLPs. Adaptation to lower temperature led to an increase in protein titers of up to 12‐fold for p24 (as proxy for Gag‐VLP) and sixfold for HA, with adapted Sf‐9 cells outperforming High Five cells. Resulting Gag‐HA VLPs producer Sf‐9 cells were cultured to high cell densities, that is, 100 × 106 cell/ml, using perfusion (ATF® 2) in 1 L stirred‐tank bioreactors. Specific p24 and HA production rates were similar to those of batch culture, enabling to increase volumetric titers by 7–8‐fold without compromising the assembly of Gag‐HA VLPs. Importantly, the antigen (HA) quantity in VLPs generated using stable adapted cells in perfusion was ≈5‐fold higher than that from IC‐BEVS, with the added benefit of being a baculovirus‐free system. This study demonstrates the potential of combining stable expression in insect cells adapted to hypothermic culture conditions with perfusion for improving Gag‐HA VLPs production.
Assessing people‐driven factors for circular economy practices in small and medium‐sized enterprise supply chains: Business strategies and environmental perspectives
Authors: Sawe Fredrick Betuel , Kumar Anil , Garza‐Reyes Jose Arturo , Agrawal Rohit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobalisation and technological advancements have increased the pressure on small businesses to increase their productivity and to gain competitive advantages. That pressure has been placed on the resources available, resulting in increased environmental degradation as a result of the traditional linear model of make‐use‐dispose. Circular economy (CE) practices offer the opportunity for sustainable production based on the reuse‐remanufacture and recycling of resources for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to increase their sustainability, resulting in enhanced performance levels in terms of business strategies and environmental perspectives. But in academic literature, the role of people‐driven factors (PDFs) in the adoption of CE practices in the supply chains (SCs) of SMEs is limited. Therefore, to fill this literature gap, this research looks at analysing PDFs for the implementation of CE in the SMEs in developing countries in two phases. PDFs are identified from an extensive literature review; a DEMATEL technique is then employed to understand the significant influence of each factor in the adoption of CE practices in SCs by dividing them into cause–effect groups. The findings show that PDFs such as training and knowledge sharing, employee participation, leadership and management plus strategic alignment are considered to be the most important significant factors in the adoption. The findings of this study will help industrial managers to understand the significance of the role of PDFs for enhancing business strategies; these findings can reduce the negative environmental impact in the adoption of CE practices in the SCs of SMEs.
Administration of pilocarpine by microneedle patch as a novel method for cystic fibrosis sweat testing
Authors: Li Song , Hart Kelsey , Norton Natalie , Ryan Clare A. , Guglani Lokesh , Prausnitz Mark R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sweat test is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The test utilizes iontophoresis to administer pilocarpine to the skin to induce sweating for measurement of chloride concentration in sweat. However, the sweat test procedure needs to be conducted in an accredited lab with dedicated instrumentation, and it can lead to inadequate sweat samples being collected in newborn babies and young children due to variable sweat production with pilocarpine iontophoresis. We tested the feasibility of using microneedle (MN) patches as an alternative to iontophoresis to administer pilocarpine to induce sweating. Pilocarpine‐loaded MN patches were developed. Both MN patches and iontophoresis were applied on horses to induce sweating. The sweat was collected to compare the sweat volume and chloride concentration. The patches contained an array of 100 MNs measuring 600 μm long that were made of water‐soluble materials encapsulating pilocarpine nitrate. When manually pressed to the skin, the MN patches delivered >0.5 mg/cm2 pilocarpine, which was double that administered by iontophoresis. When administered to horses, MN patches generated the same volume of sweat when normalized to drug dose and more sweat when normalized to skin area compared to iontophoresis using a commercial device. Moreover, both MN patches and iontophoresis generated sweat with comparable chloride concentration. These results suggest that administration of pilocarpine by MN patches may provide a simpler and more‐accessible alternative to iontophoresis for performing a sweat test for the diagnosis of CF.
Association of Genetic Structure and Diversity in Iranian Wild Germplasms ofMentha longifoliaL. Based on Phenotypical, Biochemical, and Molecular Markers
Authors: Moshrefi‐Araghi Alireza , Nemati Hossein , Azizi Majid , Moshtaghi Nasrin , Shoor Mahmood 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMentha longifoliaL. is well‐known to be one of the most pervasive wild‐growing species of the Lamiaceae family, which has extensive beneficial properties in the fields of pharmacology and biological products. In the present study, the correlation between Inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and morpho‐chemical parameters of twenty differentM. longifoliaaccessions (MLACs) were assessed. The geographic information system (GIS) has been employed to interpret the original habitat of the accessions in Iran. ISSR analysis indicated a remarkable difference in the studied accessions, segregated them into three main groups, constructed by an unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). A total of 89 bands were generated by 12 ISSR primers, among which 82 (91.97 %) of them were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on agro‐morphological data scattered MLACs into two main groups. The essential oils (EOs) were analyzed through GC/FID/MS, and four chemotypes were characterized according to the major constituents. Pulegone ranged from 0.17 to 69.50 % was the main oil constituent with the highest content. Also, HPLC‐PDA was employed to identify and to quantify the phenolic compounds in the MeOH extracts of MLACs. Heatmap cluster based on phenolic compounds produced three main categories of accessions. The components identified in the extracts were rosmarinic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, andp‐coumaric acid, which among them rosmarinic acid (RA) varied from 39.16 to 261.55 mg/100 g (DW) as a predominant constituent. Subsequently, multiple regression analyses between ISSR fragments and morpho‐chemical data illustrated considerable relationships in the plant materials. The high variation and correlation observed in metabolic and phenotypic traits of MLACs establish an adequate source to conduct reserves conservation programs.
Characterization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes involved in the regulation of myoblast differentiation
Authors: Chabi Béatrice , Hennani Hanane , Cortade Fabienne , Wrutniak‐Cabello Chantal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring myoblast differentiation, mitochondria undergo numerous changes that are necessary for the progression of the myogenic program. Notably, we previously showed that alteration in mitochondrial activity was able to control the expression of keys regulator of cell cycle withdrawal and terminal differentiation. Here, we assessed whether inhibition of one of the respiratory complexes was a key factor in the regulation of myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells, and was associated with alteration in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. C2C12 cells were treated from proliferation to differentiation with specific inhibitors of mitochondrial complexes at a concentration that were inhibiting respiration but not altering cell morphology. Proliferation was significantly repressed with inhibition of complexes I, II, and III, or mitochondrial protein synthesis (using Chloramphenicol treatment), while complex IV inhibition did not alter myoblast proliferation compared to control cells. Moreover, inhibition of complexes I and II altered cell cycle regulators, with p21 protein expression upregulated since proliferation and p27 protein expression reduced at differentiation. Myotubes formation and myogenin expression were blunted with complexes I and II inhibitors while MyoD protein expression was maintained, suggesting an alteration in its transcriptional activity. Finally, a decrease in overall ROS production was observed with continuous inhibition of mitochondrial complexes I–IV. In summary, our data provide evidence that complexes I and II may be the primary regulators of C2C12 myogenic differentiation. This occurs through specific regulation of myogenic rather than cell cycle regulators expression and ROS production at mitochondrial rather than cell level.
Neurosarcoidosis with hydrocephalus as a first presenting sign: a unique case report
Authors: Schuermans Valérie N. E. , Yeung Esther , Henneman Wouter J. P. , Ackermans Linda , Heijboer Roel , Mostard Rémy L. M. , Vos Winand , Pasmans Raphaël , Schijns Olaf E. M. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a possible relationship with cerebral ischemic events and neurosarcoidosis. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a case of unexplained hydrocephalus, vascular white matter lesions and vasculitis related findings.
Development of an optimized risk score to predict short‐term death among acute myocardial infarction patients in rural China
Authors: Wang Sheng‐ji , Cheng Zhen‐Xiu , Fan Xiao‐ting , Lian Yong‐gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRisk stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is of great clinical significance.HypothesisThe present study aimed to establish an optimized risk score to predict short‐term (6‐month) death among rural AMI patients from China.MethodsWe enrolled 6581 AMI patients and extracted relevant data. Patients were divided chronologically into a derivation cohort (n = 5539), to establish the multivariable risk prediction model, and a validation cohort (n = 1042), to validate the risk score.ResultsSix variables were identified as independent predictors of short‐term death and were used to establish the risk score: age, Killip class, blood glucose, creatinine, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and percutaneous coronary intervention treatment. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the optimized risk score was 0.82 within the derivation cohort and 0.81 within the validation cohort. The diagnostic performance of the optimized risk score was superior to that of the GRACE risk score (AUC 0.76 and 0.75 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively; p < .05).ConclusionThese results indicate that the optimized scoring method developed here is a simple and valuable instrument to accurately predict the risk of short‐term mortality in rural patients with AMI.