bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Mixed Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke With Prediabetes
Authors: Kim Seung Hoon , Park Minah , Kim Gyu Ri , Joo Hye Jin , Jang Sung-In 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Despite previous studies regarding the association between smoking and diabetes, the effects of electronic cigarettes and secondhand smoke (SHS) on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have not been fully elucidated.

Objective
To examine the association of mixed electronic and conventional cigarette use and exposure to SHS with prediabetes.

Design
Data from the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed.

Setting
Nationwide population-based.

Participants
Of 39 199 participants, 22 385 participants (9490 men, 12 895 women) without diabetes were included. The main independent variables were smoking behaviors, including exposure to SHS.

Interventions
None.

Main Outcome Measures
Prediabetes (hemoglobin A1C of 5.7-6.4%).

Results
Of 22 385 participants without diabetes, 6735 had prediabetes. Mixed cigarette use was associated with a 1.57-fold increase in the odds of prediabetes when compared with never-smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.29-1.92] and a 1.27-fold increase when compared with conventional cigarette use only (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07-1.52). Participants who were current nonsmokers, but mixed users in the past had an increased risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.04-2.13). There was no significant association between prediabetes and current nonsmoking in individuals with previous conventional cigarette use only. Among never-smokers, exposure to SHS significantly increased the risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04-1.30).

Conclusions
Mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to SHS increased the risk of prediabetes. Further studies are required to comprehensively investigate the molecular biology underlying the effects of previous and current mixed use of electronic cigarettes and SHS on glucose metabolism.
Rebuilding a Profession: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Linguistic Culture of Comparative Literature in the United States and Spain
Authors: Domínguez César 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article discusses why it is necessary to rebuild comparative literature in terms of a geopolitics of comparison. “Geopolitics” is understood here, following Gearóid Ó Tuathail, to mean a distinctive genre of geo-power which brought about the systemic closure of the surface of the globe. Comparative literature has been part and parcel of this process by extending a Eurocentric concept of “(national) literature” worldwide. A rebuilt comparative literature has, on the one hand, to bring to light significant evidence of the discipline’s history within the historical and geographical context of power relations and, on the other hand, confront the coloniality of knowledge on three levels—locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Here only the locutionary level is addressed by examining two journals—Comparative Literature and 1616: Anuario de la Sociedad Española de Literatura General y Comparada / Anuario de Literatura Comparada—from a bibliometric-analysis perspective.
The mRNA decapping complex is buffered by nuclear localization
Authors: Tishinov Kiril , Spang Anne 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
mRNA decay is a key step in regulating the cellular proteome. Processing bodies (P-bodies) are thought to be sites of mRNA decay and/or storage. P-body units assemble into P-body granules under stress conditions. How this assembly is regulated, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that the translational repressor Scd6 and the decapping stimulator Edc3 act partially redundantly in P-body assembly by sequestering the Dcp1–Dcp2 (denoted Dcp1/2) decapping complex in the cytoplasm and preventing it from becoming imported into the nucleus by the karyopherin β protein Kap95. One of two nuclear localization signals in Dcp2 overlaps with the RNA-binding site, suggesting an additional mechanism to regulate Dcp1/2 localization. Nuclear Dcp1/2 does not drive mRNA decay and might be stored there as a readily releasable pool, indicating a dynamic equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear Dcp1/2. Cytoplasmic Dcp1/2 is linked to Dhh1 via Edc3. Functional P-bodies are present at the endoplasmic reticulum where Dcp2 potentially acts to increase the local concentration of Dhh1 through interaction with Edc3 to drive phase separation and hence P-body formation.
High-intensity interval training effects on ultra-processed food consumption in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Noll Matias , Rodrigues Ana Paula dos Santos , de Almeida Alexandre Aparecido , Mendonça Carolina Rodrigues de , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva 
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, within the vigorous intensity activities, there is a huge interest in high-intensity interval training (HIIT), in both research and clinical perspectives. Although HIIT has shown several benefits (e.g. increase in VO2 peak; improving cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition; beneficial effects on cognition and mental health), as far as we know, no systematic review has focused on the HIIT effects on ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the relationship between the two remains inconclusive. To fill this gap in the current literature, our review aimed to answer the following question: is HIIT associated with UPF consumption in adolescents? We executed a systematic review that aimed to investigate how HIIT affects UPF consumption. After conducting the search strategy, no articles fitted our inclusion criteria and our systematic review was therefore classified as an empty review. This absence in the literature highlights shows that is an urgent need for additional epidemiological studies focusing on this issue, for example longitudinal studies and controlled trials, in order to show if there is a relationship between HIIT performance and UPF consumption.
Language Commonality and Sell-Side Information Production
Authors: Zhang Ruishen 
Published: August 2021

I study the effects of language commonality (i.e., sharing a native language) on information production in financial markets. Using a hand-collected data set on the prevalent dialects for 2,091 cities (counties) in China, I identify the effects of language commonality separately from those of shared hometown and geographic proximity. In in-sample tests, language commonality between analysts and CEOs increases the return of trading on analysts’ recommendations by 5.5%. The results mainly stem from less intelligible dialects. Broadly speaking, language commonality can alleviate communication frictions when nonnative languages are used in professional settings. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Potensi Penambahan Aerami (Air Rendaman Abu Jerami) Sebagai Pengawet Alami Untuk Bahan Makanan
Authors: Umaira Siti , Dewi Agil Dhiemitra Aulia , Ansokowati Astari Puruhita 
Published: August 2021

dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk menekan angka positif Covid-19 akibat dari dampak kenaikan kasus yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia menuntut masyarakat agar membatasi kegiatan diluar rumah. Adanya pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat diluar rumah membuat masyarakat harus menyimpan dan mengolah makanan dengan benar dan mengurangi frekuensi belanja ke pasar atau keluar rumah sekadar untuk membeli makanan. Pengawetan makanan adalah salah satu teknik yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya simpan suatu makanan. Ada banyak cara yang digunakan untuk mengawetkan makanan baik secara alami atau dengan menggunakan bahan kimia. Salah satu contohnya adalah pengawetan menggunakan air rendaman abu jerami atau lebih dikenal dengan air ki. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menganalisis efektifitas penggunaan air rendaman abu jerami sebagai pengawet alternatif dan sebagai pengawet alami pada makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan mengkaji dan melakukan analisis berbagai literatur yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa penambahan konsentrasi air rendaman abu jerami kedalam bahan makanan terbukti menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan efektif untuk mengawetkan makanan dengan memperpanjang daya simpan makanan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar untuk dilakukannya penelitian yang lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh penambahan air rendaman abu jerami terhadap daya simpan suatu bahan makanan.
Short communication: New report of Aedes albopictus in Souk Ahras, Northeast Algeria
Authors: Hamaidia Kaouther , Soltani Noreddine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Hamaidia K, Soltani N. 2021. Short communication: New report of Aedes albopictus in Souk Ahras, Northeast Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2901-2906. The present paper reports the occurrence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse), an aggressive Asian tiger mosquito in the city of Souk-Ahras (Northeast of Algeria). A “26 April” estate’ inhabitants (Souk-Ahras province) have reported unusual daytime bites by a striped mosquito. On early September 2020, an intensive field inspection was carried out for potential mosquito breeding sites in the locations around the city. A total of 105 specimens (8 larvae, 24 pupae and 73 adults) of Ae. albopictus were collected in a pile of old tyres in a residential garden. After previous records of this species in Algeria, this is the first evidence of its presence in Souk-Ahras province, and the findings enhance combined public participation with professional validation in surveillance of vector borne-diseases programs with emphasis on the need for sensitising citizens about controlling this important vector.
Genetic gain and relationship of yield and yield attributes of mutant and cross-bred stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotypes
Authors: Amien Suseno , Maulana Haris , Ruswandi Dedi , Nurjanah Sarifah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Amien S, Maulana H, Ruswandi D, Nurjanah S. 2021. Genetic gain and relationship of yield and yield attributes of mutant and cross-bred stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3119-3126. Plant breeding programs involved many traits and genetic parameters in the selection process. The information on genetic parameters on yield and other related traits provided an overview for breeders and farmers in selecting new superior genotypes. The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters including heritability and genetic gains in yield and other traits, to determine the relationship between various traits, and to select superior stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) genotypes for each trait. Field experiments were carried out in two planting environments, namely, the highlands and the medium plains employing a randomized completed block design and each genotype was three replicates. The results showed that the yield had high heritability and genetic gains ??in mutant populations, whereas cross-bred populations had moderate heritability and low genetic gains. Stem weight (SW) and number of leaves (NoL) traits were identified as having high heritability and genetic gains in both populations. The GT biplot measurement showed that the yield was identified to have a significant and positive correlation with SW (p<0.05). H4 was correlated with Number of branches (NoB), Yield, SW, and chlorophyll content (Chl) traits in the cross-bred populations. H9 excelled on and was correlated with NoL and plant height (PH). M11 was identified to be highly correlated with NoL, PH, NoB, and Chl traits in the mutant populations, while M15 excelled on and was correlated with yield and SW. The results of this study revealed that there was a potential for improvement in the traits tested of stevia through cross-bred and mutant populations in different environmental conditions. The selected genotypes can be developed in a suitable environment and used for further stevia plant breeding programs.
A single-centre ten-year retrospective cohort study of malignant small bowel obstruction
Authors: Cato LD , Evans T , Ward ST 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Management of malignant small bowel obstruction (mSBO) is challenging. The decision to perform an operation evaluates the perceived chance of success against a patient’s fitness for operation. The aim of this study was to characterise the mSBO patient population in a tertiary UK centre and assess the patient’s treatment pathway including use and effects of palliative surgery, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), Gastrografin and dexamethasone as well as preoperative stratification. Methods Patients were included if they had mSBO confirmed on computed tomography imaging due to a primary or metastatic neoplasm. Data were collected on pathway and management, and Cox proportional hazard methods were utilised to observe effects on survival. Results Ninety-four patients were included, with 104 inpatient episodes. Mean age was 67.4 (SD 13.7), with 57 (60.6%) females. Most (89.4%) had only one admission for mSBO. Eighty-four (89.4%) patients died over the ten-year period, 18 (17.3%) within 30 days of admission. Fifty patients (53.1%) underwent operative management: 70% bypass, 24% stoma formation and 6% open-close laparotomies. Log rank testing of survival probability analysis was significant (p = 0.00018), with 50% survival probability at 107.32 days for operative management and 47.87 days for non-operative. Discussion and Conclusion Operative management forms part of the treatment pathway for a significant proportion of patients with mSBO, offering a survival benefit, though quality of survival is not known. Case selection is good, with few open-close laparotomies. Trials of non-operative interventions such as Gastrografin and dexamethasone are not utilised fully.
Implementation of an acute tonsillitis management protocol within a clinical decisions unit
Authors: Balai E , Bhamra N , Gupta K , Jolly K , Barraclough J 
Published: August 2021

Introduction With tonsillectomy surgery subject to increasingly strict commissioning criteria over the past 20 years in the UK, the total number of admissions for acute tonsillitis has been rising steadily. Multiple single-centre studies have demonstrated how introduction of a standardised management protocol can be effective in improving the delivery of treatment for acute tonsillitis in the emergency department. Methods Using a novel approach, we aimed to implement an acute tonsillitis management protocol within a formal clinical decisions unit (CDU) pathway. Following a retrospective baseline audit, we carried out two post-intervention cycles of data collection to assess safety and efficacy. Results The median number of initial treatments increased significantly from two of five at baseline, to three of five in both the first (U = 86, p = 0.004) and second (z = 2.959, p = 0.003) audit cycles. Admission rate was reduced from 0.79 to 0.44 in the first cycle, representing a 44.6% relative risk reduction [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.304–1.012; p = 0.0547]. Admission rate remained reduced at 0.48 in the second cycle, with a relative risk reduction of 39.2% compared with baseline (95% CI 0.380–0.972; p = 0.038). Conclusions Utilisation of the CDU led to an improvement in the delivery of initial treatment, an extended period of observation and subsequently a greater percentage of patients being discharged. An acute tonsillitis management protocol within a CDU appears to be a safe and effective model and is now standard practice in our hospital.
Integrated sensor with a whispering-gallery mode and surface plasmonic resonance for the enhanced detection of viruses
Authors: Hao Yihua , Guo Zhixiong 
Published: August 2021

Surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) is integrated into a whispering-gallery mode (WGM) optical microsensor to augment sensitivity in this study. The performance of such WGM silica ring sensors of 20 µm in size with an Ag or Au metal core was evaluated for detection of small respiratory viruses such as COVID-19 via the finite-element modeling. Compared with pure WGM sensors, the integration with SPR enhances sensitivity by 3–5 times and facilitates combination with the polymerase chain reaction method to achieve fast, accurate, and specific virus detection. The presence of a single respiratory virus of 70 to 100 nm in diameter in air environment could shift the sensor resonance wavelength by 36 to 64 pm in the case of an Au metal core or by 34 to 63 pm of an Ag metal core. With use of a general-purpose optical analyzer of 10 pm resolution, a single airborne virus of 20 nm in size is detectable using the proposed hybrid sensor. This corresponds to about 0.005 vol. %. For viruses in aqueous solution, the detection limit rises to about 0.2 vol. %. A fundamental enhancement factor based on relative electric energy ratio is introduced and defined to analyze and quantify sensitivity enhancement for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.
Efficient silicon-based higher-order mode converters based on subwavelength grating slots
Authors: Liang Yi , Xu Yin , Dong Yue , Zhang Bo , Ni Yi 
Published: August 2021

Higher-order mode conversion plays a vital role in on-chip multimode applications. Here, we propose an efficient silicon-based higher-order mode conversion scheme that can achieve the mode-order conversion from

T
E

0

to

T
E

1

(

T
E

0

−

T
E

1

) mode and from

T
E

0

to

T
E

2

(

T
E

0

−

T
E

2

) mode, respectively. These mode conversion functions are realized by etching subwavelength grating (SWG) slots on a silicon waveguide, where the design of the SWG slot pattern matches with the required

T
E

1

(

T
E

2

) higher-order mode. According to the calculations, the mode conversion length is only 3.3 µm (4.32 µm) with the mode conversion efficiency (CE) 92.1% (95.6%), mode crosstalk (CT)

−

17.5

d
B

(

−

16.7

d
B

), and insertion loss 0.65 dB (0.5 dB) for the

T
E

0

−

T
E

1

(

T
E

0

−

T
E

2

) mode converter at

λ
=

1.55

µ

m

. Moreover, device bandwidths over 110 nm (

C
E

>

90

%

and

C
T

<
−

15

d
B

) and other higher-order mode conversions can also be achieved using the proposed scheme (e.g.,

T
E

0

−

T
E

3

and

T
E

0

−

T
E

4

mode converters). We believe such a device scheme would help increase the transmission capacity of on-chip multimode multiplexing transmissions by leveraging more mode channels.
Highly stable multiple-access underwater frequency transfer with terminal phase compensation
Authors: Ren Junwei , Hou Dong , Gao Yefeng , Guo Guangkun , Liu Ke 
Published: August 2021

A multiple-access underwater frequency transfer scheme using terminal phase compensation is demonstrated. With this scheme, a highly stable 100 MHz frequency signal was disseminated over a 3 m underwater link for 5000 s. The timing fluctuation and fractional frequency instability were both measured and analyzed. The experimental results show that with the phase compensation technique, the total root-mean-square (RMS) timing fluctuation is about 3 ps, and the fractional frequency instabilities are on the order of

5.9

×

1

0

−
13

at 1 s and

5.3

×

1

0

−
15

at 1000 s. The experiment results indicate that the proposed frequency transfer technique has a potential application of disseminating an atomic clock to multiple terminals.
Polarization-insensitive ultra-short waveguide taper
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Shi Xiaodong , Zhang Zhaojian , Ma Chao , Chen Xuefeng , Liu Liping , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Yu Yu , Ou Haiyan , Guo Kai , Yang Junbo 
Published: August 2021

Waveguide taper, a key component in the photonic integrated circuit (PIC), enables on-chip mode conversion, but large-footprint tapers are detrimental to the PIC, which desires compact and efficient devices. Polarization sensitivity also limits the tapers in the applications involving orthogonal modes. In this work, we design an efficient polarization-insensitive ultra-short MMI-based waveguide taper, through the mode spreading principle and the self-image principle. The proposed taper is 26.3 µm long, one order of magnitude shorter than the standard linear taper. We fabricate the taper, and experimentally demonstrate that it exhibits a high transmission efficiency of

∼

70
%

and a wide 1 dB bandwidth of

>

54

n
m

, for both TE and TM polarizations.
Mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks in workplaces and schools by hybrid telecommuting
Authors: Mauras Simon , Cohen-Addad Vincent , Duboc Guillaume , Dupré la Tour Max , Frasca Paolo , Mathieu Claire , Opatowski Lulla , Viennot Laurent 
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic has forced most countries to impose contact-limiting restrictions at workplaces, universities, schools, and more broadly in our societies. Yet, the effectiveness of these unprecedented interventions in containing the virus spread remain largely unquantified. Here, we develop a simulation study to analyze COVID-19 outbreaks on three real-life contact networks stemming from a workplace, a primary school and a high school in France.
Our study provides a fine-grained analysis of the impact of contact-limiting strategies at workplaces, schools and high schools, including: (1) Rotating strategies, in which workers are evenly split into two shifts that alternate on a daily or weekly basis; and (2) On-Off strategies, where the whole group alternates periods of normal work interactions with complete telecommuting. We model epidemics spread in these different setups using a stochastic discrete-time agent-based transmission model that includes the coronavirus most salient features: super-spreaders, infectious asymptomatic individuals, and pre-symptomatic infectious periods. Our study yields clear results: the ranking of the strategies, based on their ability to mitigate epidemic propagation in the network from a first index case, is the same for all network topologies (workplace, primary school and high school). Namely, from best to worst: Rotating week-by-week, Rotating day-by-day, On-Off week-by-week, and On-Off day-by-day. Moreover, our results show that below a certain threshold for the original local reproduction number R 0 l o c a l within the network (< 1.52 for primary schools, < 1.30 for the workplace, < 1.38 for the high school, and < 1.55 for the random graph), all four strategies efficiently control outbreak by decreasing effective local reproduction number to R 0 l o c a l < 1. These results can provide guidance for public health decisions related to telecommuting.