bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of genitourinary carcinoma in dogs using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, mitoxantrone, and radiation therapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Clerc‐Renaud Benoit , Gieger Tracy L. , LaRue Susan M. , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLocoregional tumor control and prolonged survival for dogs with genitourinary carcinoma (CGUC) reportedly are achievable using treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with or without adjunctive chemotherapy and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).ObjectivesTo characterize event‐free and overall survival after treatment of CGUC using NSAIDs, mitoxantrone (MTX), and a standardized RT protocol (57 Gy in 20 fractions).AnimalsFifty‐one client‐owned dogs treated between 2008 and 2017.MethodsDogs were retrospectively categorized into treatment groups: (a) first‐line concurrent chemoradiotherapy (≥1 dose of MTX started within 1 month of RT); (b) first‐line chemotherapy (MTX administered for >1 month before RT without tumor progression); (c) RT as a salvage procedure (MTX, surgery or both with subsequent locoregional tumor progression before RT). Treatment‐induced toxicoses, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival times (OSTs) were recorded. The influence of demographics, staging, and treatment‐related factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsMedian EFS and OST for all dogs were 260 and 510 days with no significant differences among groups 1 (n = 39), 2 (n = 4), and 3 (n = 8). Both EFS and OST were shorter in dogs with moderate to severe clinical signs (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively); OST was shorter in dogs with prostatic involvement (P = .02). Permanent urinary incontinence developed in 16 dogs (31%) at a median of 70 days postirradiation; other toxicoses were mild and self‐limiting.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMild clinical signs and lack of prostate involvement were associated with favorable prognosis for survival. Client education regarding the risk of urinary incontinence is warranted.
Understanding Culture Through Pictures and a Thousand Words
Authors: Briody Elizabeth K. , Rodríguez‐Mejía Fredy , King Julia , Berger Edward 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the adage goes, a picture is worth a thousand words. Yet, anthropologists have not typically sought study‐participant drawings. Using a protocol in which a request for a drawing was embedded, this study captures the internal dynamics of three successful university‐based teams. Our questions followed a specific Describe–Draw–Explain sequence. All interviewees offered some novel element in their drawings (Draw step) beyond what they conveyed in their verbal descriptions (Describe step), while 85 percent of them again offered additional detail in the Explain step. The data also revealed stark and surprising cultural contrasts across teams, including one that was understood best as a network that could be activated upon demand. Gathering drawings is a fast yet valid and reliable method when the prescribed sequence of questions is followed. Another virtue of this approach is that the interviews can be conducted virtually, essential during the COVID‐19 era.
Combined effect of obesity and metabolic profile on glomerular dysfunction in hypertensive subjects
Authors: Bennouar Salam , Bachir Cherif Abdelghani , Temmar Mohamed , Fauvel Jean‐Pierre , Bouafia Mohamed Tahar , Abdi Samia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore the individual and combined effects of obesity and metabolic profile on the impairment of glomerular function among hypertensive subjects.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study enrolling 499 hypertensive subjects. Based on body mass index values and metabolic profile, they were assigned to one of four metabolic phenotype groups: MHNO: metabolically healthy non‐obese, MHO: metabolically healthy but obese, MUHNO: metabolically unhealthy but non‐obese, and MUHO: metabolically unhealthy and obese. The effect of the interaction between obesity and metabolic profile was tested on an additive scale, for both microalbuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, the highest risk of both microalbuminuria and decreased eGFR was found among patients of the MUHO group (OR = 6.0 [2.13], p < 0.0001, OR = 5.4 [1.26], p = 0.03, respectively). Analysis of the additive interaction indicates that 51% and 53% of the risk of microalbuminuria and its combination with low eGFR respectively is explained by the co‐occurrence of obesity and metabolic disorder. The mechanism of this interaction is synergistic (synergy index = 2.6, [1.5.3]).ConclusionThe decline of glomerular function in hypertensive subjects is significantly exacerbated by the interaction between obesity and metabolic disorders. The management of such high‐risk subjects requires, in addition to the therapeutic regimen, an adequate dietary and physical program in order to preserve glomerular function.
Reviewing Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in the popular zebrafish model
Authors: Caballero‐Huertas Marta , Soto Manu , Ribas Laia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZebrafish is a worldwide used animal model to better understand cultured fish species; thus, in the last two decades, zebrafish facilities have been created in many aquaculture research centres. However, and despite the attempts of rigorous aseptic conditions for animal husbandry in wet laboratory facilities, the presence of parasites cannot be underestimated. The microsporidium Pseudoloma neurophilia, which mostly affects the central nervous system, has been listed as the most prevalent parasite in reared zebrafish. The emergence of P. neurophilia is usually detected when the individual presents irreversible morphological and/or behavioural symptoms, and consequently, the spread of the disease is inevitable, indicating that the infection is expanded across rearing tanks. This review attempts, for the first time, to collect and discuss the current information on P. neurophilia life cycle, target tissues and symptomatology of the infection occurred in zebrafish. Due to its vertical transmission together with the increasing presence of zebrafish as a model in reproduction‐related problems found in aquaculture, it is highlighted, among others, the sexual dimorphism of the pathogenic effects and the possible transgenerational implications of parasitic infections. Further, to date none effective treatments have been described, so here we provide in detail available diagnostic methods, discussing the importance of the early detection, giving safety‐rearing recommendations to decrease the presence of P. neurophilia. Our intention is to minimize parasite outbreaks in zebrafish facilities, which, on the one hand, can compromise zebrafish welfare, and on the other hand, could interfere furtively in the resulting research previously designed for improving aquaculture production but also other biomedical‐related research.
A novel modified thaw‐siphon method for extracting cryoprecipitate: The Bokutoh‐siphon method
Authors: Nishimura Shigeko , Teratani Miyuki , Igarashi Tomoko , Nakahara Michiyo , Hazama Yuki , Ohtani Sae , Fujita Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryoprecipitate (CRYO) is neither produced nor supplied by the Japanese Red Cross Society. A novel CRYO extraction method established in‐house by modifying a thaw‐siphon technique was demonstrated in this study.Study Design and MethodsA pack of fresh frozen plasma was thawed and equally divided into two bags for CRYO extraction by different methods. CRYO was extracted from the blood plasma using a standard centrifugation method and our modified thaw‐siphon method (Bokutoh‐siphon method; B method). The two different CRYOs extracted were analyzed to compare the differences in the amount of fibrinogen recovered, clotting factors extracted, and clotting activity.ResultsThe amount of fibrinogen in the CRYO extracted using the B‐siphon method was similar to that obtained using the standard method (recovery of fibrinogen: B‐siphon method: 71.2% vs. standard method: 61.0%). The amount of clotting XIII factor extracted using the B‐siphon method was significantly lower than those extracted using the standard method. On the other hand, clotting II, V factors, and C1q esterase inhibitor not concentrated in CRYO content from the B‐siphon method were significantly higher than that from the standard method.ConclusionA new in‐house CRYO preparation method was established by modifying a previously used thaw‐siphon method. A coagulation factor‐rich CRYO was extracted from plasma frozen at −40°C along with the first fraction of thawed plasma, without using a large‐capacity refrigerated centrifuge for blood bags.
Transfusion profile, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes of 3014 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Brazil
Authors: Dalmazzo Leandro Felipe Figueiredo , de Almendra Freitas Alyne Ferreira , Alves Brunna Eulálio , Cardoso Diogo Kloppel , de Carvalho Eduardo Ferro , Akil Fabiana , da Cunha Vieira Perini Fernanda , Pires Karina Todeschini , de Aguiar Ludmila Coutinho , Moraes Mara Cabral , Madeira Maria Isabel Ayrosa , Alves Pablo Raphael Gomiero , Watanabe Ruth Helena Perdiz , da Silva Sá Teixeira Silvia Helena , Pereira Tatiana Covas , de Lourdes Rosa Pessoa Viviani , Vieira Sérgio Domingos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) caused a sudden and unexpected increase in the number of hospital admissions and deaths worldwide. The impact of social distancing on blood stocks was significant. Data on the use of blood products by patients with COVID‐19 are scarce.Material and methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted by analysing the medical records of 3014 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in 16 Brazilian hospitals. Individual data related to clinical, laboratory and transfusion characteristics and outcomes of these patients were collected. Patients characteristics association with mortality and transfusion need were tested independently by logistic regression models.ResultsPatients mean age was 57·6 years. In 2298 (76·2%) patients, there was an underlying clinical comorbidity. A total of 1657 (55%) patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and 943 (31%) patients required ventilatory support and orotracheal intubation (OTI). There was a total of 471 (15·6%) deaths among all patients. 325 patients (10·7%) required blood transfusion; 3187 blood products were transfused: 1364 red blood cells in 303 patients, 1092 platelet units in 78 patients, 303 fresh frozen plasma in 49 patients and 423 cryoprecipitates in 21 patients. The mortality among patients who received transfusion was substantially higher than that among the total study population.ConclusionNeed for transfusion was low in COVID‐19 patients, but significantly higher in patients admitted to ICU and in those who needed OTI. Knowledge of the transfusion profile of these patients allows better strategies for maintaining the blood stocks of hospitals during the pandemic.
Classification of neoplastic and inflammatory brain disease using MRI texture analysis in 119 dogs
Authors: Wanamaker Mason W. , Vernau Karen M. , Taylor Sandra L. , Cissell Derek D. , Abdelhafez Yasser G. , Zwingenberger Allison L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is the primary method used to diagnose canine glial cell neoplasia and noninfectious inflammatory meningoencephalitis. Subjective differentiation of these diseases can be difficult due to overlapping imaging characteristics. This study utilizes texture analysis (TA) of intra‐axial lesions both as a means to quantitatively differentiate these broad categories of disease and to help identify glial tumor grade/cell type and specific meningoencephalitis subtype in a group of 119 dogs with histologically confirmed diagnoses. Fifty‐nine dogs with gliomas and 60 dogs with noninfectious inflammatory meningoencephalitis were retrospectively recruited and randomly split into training (n = 80) and test (n = 39) cohorts. Forty‐five of 120 texture metrics differed significantly between cohorts after correcting for multiple testing (false discovery rate < 0.05). After training the random forest algorithm, the classification accuracy for the test set was 85% (sensitivity 89%, specificity 81%). TA was only partially able to differentiate the inflammatory subtypes (granulomatous meningoencephalitis [GME], necrotizing meningoencephalitis [NME], and necrotizing leukoencephalitis [NLE]) (out‐of‐bag error rate of 35.0%) and was unable to identify metrics that could correctly classify glioma grade or cell type (out‐of‐bag error rate of 59.6% and 47.5%, respectively). Multiple demographic differences, such as patient age, sex, weight, and breed were identified between disease cohorts and subtypes which may be useful in prioritizing differential diagnoses. TA of MR images with a random forest algorithm provided classification accuracy of inflammatory and neoplastic brain disease approaching the accuracy of previously reported subjective radiologist evaluation.
Bayesian Analysis of Japanese Pressurized Water Reactor Surveillance Data for Irradiation Embrittlement Prediction
Authors: Takamizawa Hisashi , Nishiyama Yutaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the chemical component variables that should be used in irradiation embrittlement prediction and to determine the uncertainty of prediction of irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. To this end, statistical analysis using a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) method was performed for Japanese pressurized water reactor (PWR) surveillance test data whose neutron fluence ranged from 3 × 1018 to 1.2 × 1020 n/cm2 (E &gt; 1 MeV). The BNP method is a machine learning statistical method that takes the complexity and uncertainty of input variables into account. Statistical analysis using an index to select the most suitable combination of input variables revealed that four variables, namely, neutron fluence and Cu, Ni, and Si contents, were the most effective combination for embrittlement prediction. Cu content had the largest effect on the degree of embrittlement, followed by Ni and Si, in that order. The shift in the reference nil-ductility temperature (ΔRTNDT) was also calculated using the probability distribution obtained by the BNP method. The overall standard deviation of the residuals between the calculated and measured values of ΔRTNDT was 8.4 °C, which was comparable to that of the current Japanese embrittlement correlation method (JEAC4201-2013). The 95% credible interval (CI) of the posterior distribution of ΔRTNDT (i.e., the range in which data can exist when the uncertainty of input data is taken into consideration) calculated by the BNP method was identical to or smaller than the margin in the current Japanese embrittlement correlation method described in JEAC4201-2013. This result indicates that an adequate margin is provided in JEAC4201-2013.
Novel Pressure Vessel for Pressurizing Corrosive Liquids With Applications in Accelerated Life Testing of Composite Materials
Authors: Fontaine Dillon , Marshall Anthony , Shukla Arun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A system was designed for high-pressure accelerated life testing (ALT) of composite materials exposed to saline water solutions or other potentially corrosive media. The system was comprised primarily of a large stainless steel pressure vessel with the capability to perform extended pressure holds of up to 41.3 MPa at temperatures up to 70 °C. Using a nylon fabric-reinforced Buna-N rubber diaphragm as a media isolator and an inert ceramic coating on all wetted surfaces of the vessel, 3.5% saline water solutions were successfully held at test pressures and temperatures for extended periods with no evidence of corrosion or other degradation even after several days of exposure. Pressurization was achieved through a hydraulic pump system, which contained pressure monitoring equipment and valves and was isolated from the saline water by the diaphragm. The temperature of the entire vessel and contents was maintained by complete immersion in a heated, filtered water bath. The efficacy of using an elastomeric diaphragm to transfer large pressures between two near-incompressible fluids without mixing was shown, provided adequate reinforcement in the form of an interwoven fabric was provided to prevent tearing and extrusion from the extreme through-thickness stresses, particularly at clamping locations. Discussion on the effects of temperature, material, thickness, reinforcement, and sealing methods on the effectiveness and repeatability of the system is provided, and a demonstration of an accelerated test on a carbon–fiber composite is also presented.
Efficient Theoretical and Numerical Methods for Solving Free Vibrations and Transient Responses of a Circular Plate Coupled With Fluid Subjected to Impact Loadings
Authors: Ji Ming , Inaba Kazuaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an easy-to-use theoretical method and an efficient numerical method for solving free vibrations and transient responses of a circular plate coupled with fluid subjected to impact loadings and provides insights into various coupling cases with these developed methods. The Kirchhoff plate theory, Mindlin–Reissner plate theory, and the linear velocity potential function are used. The wet mode of the coupled system is described as the superposition of dry modes of the plate, which has been considered in few studies. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are solved using the orthogonality of dry modes. The transient responses of the plate are then solved using the superposition of the wet modes and the orthogonality of dry modes. To validate the theoretical results, an efficient and flexible finite element method is proposed and verified by comparing with commercial software. The four-node mixed interpolation of the tensorial component quadrilateral plate finite element (MITC4) and the eight-node acoustic pressure element are used to model the plate and the fluid, respectively. The theoretical and numerical methods provide reliable and accurate results. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the influence of geometric sizes, plate material properties, and fluid properties on the natural frequencies of the coupled system. A coupling parameter of fluid–structure interaction is proposed. The nondimensional added virtual mass incremental (NAVMI) factor decreases as the coupling parameter increases. Besides, the influence of fluid on wet modes of the plate decreases with the order.
Critical Analysis of the New High Cycle Fatigue Assessment Procedure From ASME B31.3—Appendix W
Authors: Jaćimović Nikola , Helgesen Sondre Luca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ASME B31.3, the leading process piping system design code, has included in its 2018 edition a new procedure for evaluation of high cycle fatigue in process piping systems. As stated in the Appendix W of ASME B31.3-2018, this new procedure is applicable to any load resulting in the stress range in excess of 20.7 MPa (3.0 ksi) and with the total number of cycles exceeding 100,000. However, this new procedure is based on the stress range calculation typical to ASME B31 codes which underestimates the realistic expansion stress range by a factor of ∼2. While the allowable stress range used typically for fatigue evaluation of piping systems is adjusted to take into consideration this fact, the new fatigue design curves seem not to take it into account. Moreover, the applicability of the new design procedure (i.e., welded joint fatigue design curves) to the components which tend to fail away from the bends is questionable. Two examples are presented at the end of the paper in order to substantiate the indicated inconsistencies in the verification philosophy.
Dynamics of Shock Waves Interacting With Laminar Separated Transonic Turbine Flow Investigated by High-Speed Schlieren and Surface Hot-Film Sensors
Authors: Börner Marcel , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results presented in this paper are based on experimental investigations on a generic transonic low pressure turbine profile at high subsonic exit Mach numbers. Here, the flow on the suction side reaches a maximum isentropic Mach number of approximately 1.2 and features a large separation bubble in a transonic flow regime characterized by surface hot-film measurements. The measurements are supplemented by Schlieren images recorded with a high-speed camera at 19.2 kHz. A highly unsteady normal shock wave on the suction side is observable upstream of the trailing edge. It is interacting with laminar separated flow which is rarely documented in literature. The interaction of the normal shock with the boundary layer flow seems to amplifies the ongoing transition process over the separation bubble and the flow reattaches shortly downstream. A statistical analysis of the Schlieren images reveals characteristic low frequencies of the shock wave motions and a pulsation of the separation bubble. Additionally, the statistical information of the time-dependent signal from the surface hot-film sensors demonstrate the instabilities influencing the boundary layer linked to the unsteadiness in the main flow.
New Data on Stratigraphy and Distributions of Glendonites from the Carolinefjellet Formation (Middle Aptian–Lower Albian, Cretaceous), Western Spitsbergen
Authors: Mikhailova K. Yu. , Rogov M. A. , Ershova V. B. , Vasileva K. Yu. , Pokrovsky B. G. , Baraboshkin E. Yu. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Aptian deposits on Spitsbergen Island are poorly studied. Moreover, there were no published data on fossil distribution in the Aptian and Albian in the vicinity of the town of Longyearbyen. This article provides new data on ammonite-based biostratigraphy of the Carolinefjellet Formation, indicating the presence of Beds with Tropaeum arcticum (middle Aptian) and Beds with Grantziceras (lower Albian). The age of the formation was verified and the presence of lower Albian strata was justified. The results of microscopic and isotope studies of five samples of glendonites collected from the middle Aptian of the Carolinefjellet Formation section are presented. Glendonites from the Carolinefjellet Formation are composed of three calcite phases: ikaite-derived calcite and two successive types of cement, which fill cavities and develop partially after the first-phase calcite. The O and C isotope compositions of glendonites were measured in five bulk samples from the middle Aptian interval of the section. The δ18O isotope composition of glendonites is significantly different from that of seawater, indicating the input of diagenetic fluids; the δ13C values are characteristic of sedimentary organic matter and methanotrophy. For the first time, findings of ammonites allowed us to clarify the stratigraphic intervals of glendonite occurrence and associated cold-climate episodes and prove the early Albian age of glendonites from the top of the Carolinefjellet Formation.