bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oyster allometry: growth relationships vary across space
Authors: Marquardt Alexandria R. , Southworth Melissa , Mann Roger 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Oysters have unique life history strategies among molluscs and a long history in the fossil record. The Ostreid form, particularly species from the genus Crassostrea, facilitated the invasion into intertidal, estuarine habitats and reef formation. While there is general acknowledgement that oysters have highly variable growth, few studies have quantified variability in oyster allometry. This project aimed to (1) describe the proportional carbonate contributions from each valve and (2) examine length–weight relationships for shell and tissue across an estuarine gradient. We collected 1122 C. virginica from 48 reefs in eight tributaries and the main stem of the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. On average, the left valve was responsible for 56% of the total weight of the shell, which was relatively consistent across a size range (24.9–172 mm). Nonlinear mixed-effects models for oyster length–weight relationships suggest oysters exhibit allometric growth (b < 3) and substantial inter-reef variation, where upriver reefs in some tributaries appear to produce less shell and tissue biomass on average for a given size. We posit this variability may be due to differences in local conditions, particularly salinity, turbidity, and reef density. Allometric growth maximizes shell production and surface area for oyster settlement, both of which contribute to maintaining the underlying reef structure. Rapid growth and intraspecific plasticity in shell morphology enabled oysters to invade and establish reefs as estuaries moved in concert with changes in sea level over evolutionary time.
Local conservation action requires ethical investments in global digital equity
Authors: Tabor Karyn M , Stavros Natasha , Holland Margaret B 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Satellite remote sensing is vital for monitoring anthropogenic changes and for alerting us to escalating environmental threats. With recent technological advances, a variety of satellite-based monitoring systems are available to aid conservation practitioners. Yet, documented knowledge of who uses near-real-time satellite-based monitoring and how these technologies are applied to inform conservation decisions is sparse. Through an online survey and semi-structured interviews, we explored how developers and users leverage conservation early-warning and alert systems (CEASs) for enhanced conservation decisions. Some 167 developers and users of near-real-time fire and forest monitoring systems from 40 countries participated in this study. Globally, respondents used 66 unique CEASs. The most common applications were for education and awareness, fire/disaster management and law enforcement. Respondents primarily used CEASs to enforce land-use policies and deter illegal activities, and they perceived these tools as underutilized for incentivizing policy compliance or conservation. Respondents experienced inequities regarding system access, exposure and ability to act upon alert information. More investments in capacity-building, resources and action plans are needed to better link information to action. Implementing recommendations from this research can help us to increase the accessibility and inclusivity of CEAS applications to unlock their powerful capabilities for achieving conservation goals.
Right ventricular outflow tract stenting in children with tetralogy of Fallot beyond one year of age: indications and immediate outcomes
Authors: Abqari Shaad , Kidwai Mohammad Moaaz , Kamran Mirza Mohammad , Haseen Mohammad Azam , Rabbani Shamayal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Right ventricular outflow tract stenting has emerged as a key palliative intervention for infants with tetralogy of Fallot who are not suitable candidates for complete repair. Although the Blalock-Taussig shunt remains the standard palliative approach for tetralogy of Fallot patients over one year of age, the potential of right ventricular outflow tract stenting in this older age group has not been widely explored. In this study, we present our experience with right ventricular outflow tract stenting in children beyond one year of age.Methods and Results:In this study, a total of 52 patients of tetralogy of Fallot who underwent palliative stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract from 2018 to 2022 were enrolled. Out of the 52 patients, 38 children were more than 1 year of age with a mean age of 4.82 ± 3.5 (1.5–13 years) and mean weight of 13.10 ± 7.0 (5.6–34) kgs. Most common indication was presence of unfavourable anatomy in 27 (71%) followed by presence of refractory spells in 14 (36.8%) patients. Stent embolisation was seen in one patient, while two patients developed features of pulmonary oedema and needed prolonged ventilatory support. There was no mortality seen in this study group.Conclusion:Our study has shown that right ventricular outflow tract stenting in children even beyond one year of age is technically feasible, with good immediate outcomes, especially in those who present with any complication, thus reducing the perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Advances in suicide prevention: critical overview of the gaps in suicide risk assessments, multimodal strategies, medicolegal risks, and the emerging evidence
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Khurana Priyal , Gupta Nihit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe CDC reports that the United States has the highest suicide rates in over 80 years. Numerous public policies aimed at reducing the rising suicide rates, such as Aetna’s partnership with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) and the zero-suicide initiative, continue to challenge these attempts. It, therefore, remains imperative to explore the shortcomings of these efforts that hamper their efficiency in reducing suicide rates. Advancements in research over time have sparked scientific skepticism, encouraging re-evaluation of established concepts. The current paper tests prevalent assumptions and arguments to uncover a scientifically informed approach to addressing rising suicide rates in clinical settings.
Ready, steady, switch! Limited evidence for the role of executive functions in bilingual language control in children
Authors: García González Elisabet , Jylkkä Jussi , Lehtonen Minna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigated the extent to which executive functions (EFs) are recruited in language switching in children in a cued picture-naming (CN) task. We expected to find associations between CN and EF tasks measuring inhibitory control and shifting. Another goal was to compare parent-reported children’s everyday language control ability at home with their switching ability in the CN task and EF performance. The participants were mostly 5–7-year-old Norwegian–Spanish and Finnish–Swedish-speaking children (N = 45). The analysis was preregistered. Unexpectedly, the primary accuracy analysis showed positive associations between CN switching costs and EF performance in only one of the EF tests, flanker, and CN mixing costs were predicted only by the color-shape switch costs. Children’s everyday language control ability did not show consistent significant associations with lab measures. Our study provides weak evidence for the view that EFs are engaged in language control when children have some years of bilingual experience.
Acceptability patterns of hypothetic taxes on different types of foods in France
Authors: Manneville Florian , Sarda Barthélemy , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Péneau Sandrine , Srour Bernard , Baudry Julia , Allès Benjamin , Le Bodo Yann , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To identify patterns of food taxes acceptability among French adults and to investigate population characteristics associated with them.

Design:
Cross-sectional data from the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. Participants completed an ad hoc web-based questionnaire to test patterns of hypothetical food taxes acceptability (i.e. overall perception combined with reasons for supporting or not) on eight food types: fatty foods, salty foods, sugary foods, fatty and salty foods, fatty and sugary products, meat products, foods/beverages with unfavourable front-of-pack nutrition label and ‘ultra-processed foods’. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and dietary intakes (24-h records) were self-reported. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of food taxes acceptability.

Setting:
NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study.

Participants:
Adults (n 27 900) engaged in the French NutriNet-Santé e-cohort.

Results:
The percentage of participants in favour of taxes ranged from 11·5 % for fatty products to 78·0 % for ultra-processed foods. Identified patterns were (1) ‘Support all food taxes’ (16·9 %), (2) ‘Support all but meat and fatty products taxes’ (28·9 %), (3) ‘Against all but UPF, Nutri-Score and salty products taxes’ (26·5 %), (4) ‘Against all food taxes’ (8·6 %) and (5) ‘No opinion’ (19·1 %). Pattern 4 had higher proportions of participants with low socio-economic status, BMI above 30 kg/m2 and who had consumption of foods targeted by the tax above the median.

Conclusions:
Results provide strategic information for policymakers responsible for designing food taxes and may help identify determinants of support for or opposition to food taxes in relation to individual or social characteristics or products taxed.
Statistical Distribution of Urban Area Reveals a Converging Trend of Global Urban Land Expansion
Authors: Hu Shengjie , Yang Zhenlei , Galindo Torres Sergio Andres , Wang Zipeng , Han Haoying , Wada Yoshihide , Wanger Thomas Cherico , Li Ling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUrban land expansion is a major driver of many environmental and societal changes that challenge human well‐being and sustainable development, but its evolutionary process and dynamics are neither clear nor well‐integrated into urban science quantitatively. We analyzed the global urban extent data based on nighttime lights to examine the statistical distribution of urban land area at the global scale, and in 13 regions and countries over 29 years. The results reveal a converging temporal trend in urban land expansion from subnational to global scales, characterized by a coherent shift of urban area distribution from an initial power law toward an exponential distribution. This trend is well captured by a unified mathematical model based on the shifted power law distribution function and is reflected in the gradual predominance of medium‐size cities over small‐size cities in the configuration of urban systems across the world. The shift of urban area distributions bears the consequence of reduced urban system stability and resilience, and can be linked to increasing exposure of urban populations to extreme heat events and air pollution. These changes are likely to be driven by the increasing influence of external economies of scale associated with globalization. The findings challenge the status quo of land urbanization practices and emphasize the importance of medium‐size cities in urban planning.
Simulations of Optical Emissions in Io's Plasma Torus
Authors: Nerney Edward G. , Bagenal Fran , Schmidt Carl 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Io plasma torus in Jupiter's magnetosphere, dominated by sulfur and oxygen ions from Io's volcanism, exhibits complex radial and azimuthal structures and significant temporal variability. This study analyzes ground‐based optical emission data from the Dual Imaging Spectrograph on the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO). We deduce variability and determine steady‐state radial conditions by combining 30 nights of observations from 2013 to 2018 and co‐adding dawn and dusk profiles. The results of a “Cubic‐cm” spectral emission model are compared with forward modeling techniques to account for projection effects and line‐of‐sight (LOS) integration. This study provides the first detailed characterization of local conditions within the ribbon, gap region, and cold torus from remote sensing of the major Io plasma torus species (, , and ). We find that electron and ion densities in the cold torus are significantly lower than previous Voyager 1 PLS measurements, consistent with later studies. Electron temperatures in the cold torus align with Voyager PLS data, while those in the warm torus are lower than expected from Cassini UVIS and more consistent with contemporaneous Hisaki observations. Key findings include a shift of the cold torus toward Jupiter and a larger gap region, with ribbon locations remaining stable. The electron density profiles show a shallower decline with radial distance in the warm torus than previously reported, highlighting the variability within the Io plasma torus and the challenges of non‐uniqueness in fitting plasma parameters determined via remote sensing.
A Probabilistic Process‐Based Model of Bank Erosion and Its Application in the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Zhu Heng , Xia Junqiang , Deng Shanshan , Zhou Yueyao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBank erosion in a natural alluvial river is influenced not only by near‐bank hydraulic conditions but also predominantly by bank soil properties. These factors exhibit considerable uncertainties, which are seldom considered in previous bank erosion models. Therefore, this study proposes a probabilistic process‐based model of bank erosion by embedding the probability distributions of different bank soil parameters. The model was applied to simulate the bank erosion process in the Middle Yangtze River (MYR), and it was validated against field measurements. Results show that: (a) bank soil parameters including critical shear stress, friction angle and cohesion, followed the Log‐Normal or Gamma distribution, with large variation coefficients of 0.44, 0.59, and 0.50; (b) the expected values of the calculated bank erosion widths agreed closely with measurements (with a relative error of 5%), and the high probability of mass failure occurred within a seasonal timescale (during September–November 2019), despite the high uncertainties in soil properties; and (c) the incorporation of water content variation into the stochastic model further increased the uncertainty of the results by several‐fold, indicating that considering more influencing factors in the model may reduce prediction accuracy. Besides, from a large‐scale perspective, the high diversity of river morphology (channel width) is also closely related to these uncertainties.
Using Ground‐Penetrating Radar to Infer Ice Wedge Characteristics Proximal to Water Tracks
Authors: Harris Rachel H. , Evans Sarah G. , Marshall Scott T. , Godsey Sarah E. , Parsekian Andrew D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMassive ground ice in Arctic regions underlain using continuous permafrost influences hydrologic processes, leading to ground subsidence and the release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. The relation of massive ground ice such as ice wedges to water tracks and seasonally saturated hydrologic pathways remains uncertain. Here, we examine the location of ice wedges along a water track on the North Slope of Alaska using Ground‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys, in situ measurements, soil cores, and forward modeling. Of nine unique GPR surveys collected in the summers of 2022 and 2023, seven exhibit distinctive “X”‐shaped reflections above columnar reflectors that are spatially correlated with water track margins. Forward modeling of plausible geometries suggests that ice wedges produce reflection patterns most similar to the reflections observed in our GPR profiles. Additionally, a large magnitude (∼71 mm) rain event on 8 July 2023 led to a ground collapse that exposed four ice wedges on the margin of the studied water track, ∼100 m downstream of our GPR surveys. Together, this suggests that GPR is a viable method for identifying the location of ice wedges as air temperatures in the Arctic continue to increase, we expect that ice wedges may thaw, destabilizing water tracks and causing ground collapse and expansion of thermo‐erosional gullies. This ground collapse will increase greenhouse gas emissions and threaten the Arctic infrastructure. Future geophysical analysis of upland Arctic hillslopes should include additional water tracks to better characterize potential heterogeneity in permafrost vulnerability across the warming Arctic.
Deciphering the molecular basis of lipoprotein recognition and transport by LolCDE
Authors: Qiao Wen , Shen Chongrong , Chen Yujiao , Chang Shenghai , Wang Xin , Yang Lili , Pang Jie , Luo Qinghua , Zhang Zhibo , Xiang Yingxin , Zhao Chao , Lu Guangwen , Ding Bi-Sen , Ying Binwu , Tang Xiaodi , Dong Haohao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOuter membrane (OM) lipoproteins serve vital roles in Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to their pathogenicity and drug resistance. For these lipoproteins to function, they must be transported from the inner membrane (IM), where they are assembled, to the OM by the ABC transporter LolCDE. We have previously captured structural snapshots of LolCDE in multiple states, revealing its dynamic conformational changes. However, the exact mechanism by which LolCDE recognizes and transfers lipoprotein between domains remains unclear. Here, we characterized the E. coli LolCDE complex bound with endogenous lipoprotein or ATP to explore the molecular features governing its substrate binding and transport functions. We found that the N-terminal unstructured linker of lipoprotein is critical for efficient binding by LolCDE; it must be sufficiently long to keep the lipoprotein’s main body outside the complex while allowing the triacyl chains to bind within the central cavity. Mutagenic assays identified key residues that mediate allosteric communication between the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains and in the periplasmic domain to form a lipoprotein transport pathway at the LolC–LolE interface. This study provides insights into the OM lipoprotein relocation process mediated by LolCDE, with significant implications for antimicrobial drug development.
Application trends of hydrogen-generating nanomaterials for the treatment of ROS-related diseases
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Wang Xuezhu , Chen Guifang , Tian Bo 
Published: December 2024

Excessive ROS in organism is associated with various diseases, while H2 can remove ROS due to antioxidant properties. The combination of nanomaterials and H2 can achieve targeted delivery to improve the therapeutic effect.
Proton diffusion and hydrogen/deuterium exchange in amorphous solid water at temperatures from 114 to 134 K
Authors: Dunlap Megan K. , Kringle Loni , Kay Bruce D. , Kimmel Greg A. 
Published: December 2024

The reaction coefficient for hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange and the diffusion of hydrated excess protons within amorphous solid water (ASW) are characterized as a function of temperature. For these experiments, water films are deposited on a Pt(111) substrate at 108 K, and reactions with pre-adsorbed hydrogen atoms produce hydrated protons. Upon heating, protons diffuse within the water, and H/D exchange occurs when they encounter D2O probe molecules deposited in the films. The time-dependent concentration of D2O is monitored with infrared spectroscopy, and it indicates the protons diffusion from the substrate and establish an equilibrium distribution prior to significant H/D exchange for temperatures 114 K ≤T≤ 134 K. By controlling the distance between the D2O molecules and the substrate, we probe the distribution of protons within the film. It decays as x−2 for the examined range of x (12–52 nm) due to the electric field that develops between the diffusing protons and their image charges in the metal substrate. This agrees with the theoretical distance scaling for the equilibrated proton concentration in a dielectric near a metal boundary. From the proton concentration and the measured D2O decay rate, a lower bound for the proton diffusion coefficient ranging from 10−20 m2/s at 114 K to 10−18 m2/s at 134 K is estimated. The diffusion coefficient has an activation energy of 0.40 eV, which is comparable to energies reported for molecular translations and rotations of H2O, suggesting they may play a critical role in the proton diffusion mechanism within ASW.
Reaction rate of radiative p
12C capture in a modified potential cluster model*
Authors: Dubovichenko S. B. , Burkova N. A. , Tkachenko A. S. , Samratova A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The astrophysical S-factor of the 12C(p, γ
0)13N reaction at energies from 25 keV to 5 MeV within the framework of a modified potential cluster model with forbidden states is considered. The experimental phase shifts resonant

,

, and non-resonant

at the energies up to E
c.m. = 3 MeV are reproduced with high accuracy, which provides the appropriate agreement with the experimental data for the S-factor of 1950−2023 years. Two sets of asymptotic constant are used: Set I refers to C

w
= 1.30(2), and Set II refers to C

w
= 1.37(1). Set I leads to the astrophysical factor S(25) = 1.34 ± 0.02 keV·b, which is in agreement with data by Skowronski et al., 2023 – 1.34 ± 0.09 keV·b; Set II gives S(25) = 1.49 ± 0.02 keV·b, which is in agreement with data by Kettner et al., 2023 – 1.48 ± 0.09 keV·b. The reaction rates of 12C(p, γ
0)13N at temperatures T
9 from 0.001 to 10 are calculated. The detailed comparison with some models, the R-matrix approach, and NACRE II data for reaction rates is considered.
Sub-barrier Fusion Cross Sections: Role of Pauli Blocking and Isospin Asymmetry
Authors: Deng Weiwen , Cheng Kaixuan , Xu Chang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heavy-ion fusion reaction is relevant to a number of important issues not only in stellar environment but also in the synthesis of new nuclides and superheavy elements. In this work, the role of Pauli blocking and isospin effect in sub-barrier fusion reactions is investigated within the well established coupled-channels method. An isospin-dependent Pauli blocking potential is proposed to better address the deep sub-barrier fusion hindrance problem. It is found that the Pauli blocking effect manifests itself strongly for isospin symmetric targets and is reduced for targets with large isospin asymmetries. The agreement between experimental and theoretical fusion cross sections is improved for both $^{12}$\textrm{C}-target and $^{16}$\textrm{O}-target systems.
Design and experimental study of a field-reversed configuration plasma thruster prototype
Authors: HUANG 黄 Yuxuan 宇轩 , ZHANG 张 Ming 明 , YANG 杨 Yong 勇 , LYU 吕 Fangwei 方伟 , YI 易 Xiaopeng 霄鹏 , LYU 吕 Chaofan 超凡 , ZHANG 张 Yisong 毅松 , RAO 饶 Bo 波 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma thruster driven by rotating magnetic field (RMF), abbreviated as the RMF-FRC thruster, is a new type of electric propulsion technology that is expected to accelerate the deep space exploration. An experimental prototype, including diagnostic devices, was designed and constructed based on the principles of the RMF-FRC thruster, with an RMF frequency of 210 kHz and a maximum peak current of 2 kA. Under the rated operating conditions, the initial plasma density was measured to be 5 × 1017 m−3, and increased to 2.2 × 1019 m−3 after the action of RMF. The coupling efficiency of RMF was about 53%, and the plasma current reached 1.9 kA. The axial magnetic field changed in reverse by 155 Gauss, successfully reversing the bias magnetic field of 60 Gauss, which verifies the formation of FRC plasma. After optimization research, it was found that when the bias magnetic field is 100 Gauss, the axial magnetic field reverse variation caused by FRC is the highest at 164 Gauss. The experimental results are discussed and strategies are proposed to improve the performance of the prototype.