bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pappus and fruit micromorphology and fruit anatomy in some members of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) from Turkey with their contributions to systematics
Authors: Ozcan Melahat , Demir Kadir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present investigation aims to determine pappus and fruit characters of 21 taxa representing 12 different genera from Turkey. For this reason, present data of pappus and cypsela characters as well as previous results from 21 additional Cardueae taxa have been comparatively evaluated, and a total of 42 taxa were grouped by using cluster and MDS analysis methods. The cluster analysis resolved two main clusters, with five taxa having scale or coroniform pappus as the first‐branching group. Considerable variations were observed in the surface sculpture, and the pericarp and testa anatomical structures as well as the pappus characteristics. On the basis of fruit surface sculpture, four major types and two subtypes of ornamentation patterns were discerned, and based on their anatomies three types of testa epidermal structure were recognized. Our results show that Centaurea s.l. taxa do not exhibit clear distinction from the genus level; in some cases the taxa are separated to some extent, in other cases they are combined with Cyanus and Psephellus taxa. Two Klasea species with sclerenchymatous mesocarp exhibit the closest relationship to Centaurea s.l. taxa. Rhaponticum repens displays the nearest neighborhood with Centaurea s.l. and Klasea taxa. A diagnostic key based on the examined characteristics has been given. The taxonomic importance and systematic implications of the results are discussed in the light of the current framework. The evaluated cypsela and pappus characters are useful not only in assessing relationships within this group but also in delimiting genera and species.
Near‐infrared optical spectroscopy for pancreas shrinkage estimation with multi synchrosqueezing transform and multivariate regression model
Authors: S. Indra Priyadharshini , M. Vigilson Prem , K. Suresh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we proposed a method to estimate pancreas shrinkage with pancreas β cell insulin secretion. Theβcells in the pancreas secrete insulin and digestive enzymes after food consumption. Conventionally, the pancreas structure estimation is done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound imaging techniques. However, the structure of the pancreas changes due to islet cell death. The presence of islet cells is detected through near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy signal acquired from the epigastric region (pancreas) of the abdomen. Subsequently, the NIR spectroscopy signal from the pancreas is analyzed with multi synchrosqueezing transform (MSST); whereas, the β cell insulin secretion varies for diabetic and nondiabetic persons. The existence of β cell and insulin secretion correlates with Root Mean Square (RMS) and kurtosis via a multivariate regression model to evaluate pancreas shrinkage. In terms of numerical results, NIR spectroscopy signal from the pancreas was obtained for about 20 nondiabetic and 20 diabetic persons. The pancreas shrinkage was estimated with 88% accuracy. The results are validated with MRI pancreas images for earlier detection of the apoptotic pancreas. The pancreas shrinkage causes lower insulin emission and unpredictable blood glucose in diabetic patients. Analysis of NIR spectroscopy signals of the pancreas with MSST was done to obtain higher‐order and lower‐order frequency components.
LncRNA SNHG8 sponges miR-449c-5p and regulates the SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway to affect microglia activation and blood-brain barrier permeability in ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Duobin , Pan Ning , Jiang Chuan , Hao Maolin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) can cause disability and death, and microglia as the immune component of the CNS can release inflammatory factors and participate in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG8 on microglia activation and BBB permeability in IS. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO) and a cell model of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in microglia were established, followed by evaluation of neurobehavioral function, BBB permeability, brain edema, and pathologic changes of microglia in brain tissue. The activation status of microglia and expressions of inflammatory factors were detected. Cell viability and integrity of microglia membrane were assessed. The downstream microRNA (miR), gene, and pathway of SNHG8 were analyzed. LncRNA SNHG8 was down-regulated in MCAO rats. Overexpression of SNHG8 improved the neural function defect, reduced brain water content, BBB permeability, brain tissue damage and inflammation, and inhibited microglia activation. In OGD-induced microglia, overexpression of SNHG8 or miR-449c-5p down-regulation increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, SNHG8 sponged miR-449c-5p to regulate SIRT1. Overexpression of SNHG8 increased the expression of SIRT1 and FoxO1. MiR-449c-5p mimic could annul the effect of SNHG8 overexpression on ischemic microglia. Collectively, SNHG8 inhibits microglia activation and BBB permeability via the miR-449c-5p/SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway, thus eliciting protective effects on ischemic brain injury.
A review of the mechanisms of keratinocytes damage caused byStaphylococcus aureusinfection in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tian Xin , Huang Qiongxiao , Liang Jingyao , Wang Jianqin , Zhang Jing , Yang Yan , Ye Qianru , He Suling , Li Junlong , Wu Zhouwei , Liu Yumei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dysregulation of skin microflora in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) has become a research hotspot in recent years. Metagenomic studies have shown that microbial diversity is decreased, whereas the Staphylococcus aureus infection is increased in AD. Keratinocytes are the primary barrier against the invasion of external pathogenic microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus infection can abnormally activate innate and adaptive immune responses in keratinocytes, resulting in a vicious cycle between Staphylococcus aureus infection and AD. This article reviews the mechanisms of inflammatory damage of keratinocytes induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients with AD, providing a theoretical basis for the study of new targeted drugs. This review also suggests for the management of Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients with AD.
Comprehensive phytochemical profiling of American ginseng in Jilin province of China based on ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiao Yufeng , Si Yu , Li Le , Wang Cuizhu , Lin Hongqiang , Liu Junli , Liu Yunhe , Liu Jinping , Li Pingya , Li Zhuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmerican ginseng (AG), the underground part of Panax quinquefolium L., is composed of four morphological regions, including main root (MR), lateral root (LR), fibrous root (FR), and rhizome (RH). In the clinical, MR is the main medicinal region, other regions are rarely attention. Aiming at revealing the chemical composition of AG and making better use of AG, screening analysis and metabolomic analysis were both performed to profile MR, LR, FR, and RH. First, in the systematical screening analysis, a total of 134 compounds (including 122 shared components) with various structural patterns were identified and tentatively characterized. The results indicated that the phytochemicals with various structural types were rich in MR, LR, FR, and RH. Second, 6, 4, 8, and 11 chemical markers were identified from MR, LR, FR, and RH, respectively. Seven triterpene saponins (protopanaxatriol, quinquenoside R1, ginsenoside Rc, Rk1, Rg1, Re, and vinaginsenoside R1) might be used for rapid differentiation of four morphological regions. This comprehensive profile study of metabolites illustrated the similarities and differences of phytochemicals in four morphological regions of AG. The results could be used for the quality control of AG and furnish a basis for the further development and utilization of AG sources.
Hexokinase 2‐mediated glycolysis promotes receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand expression inPorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide‐treated osteoblasts
Authors: Yu Yi , Jiang Lishan , Li Jingwen , Lei Lang , Li Houxuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlucose metabolism plays a pivotal role in sustaining the inflammatory response to microbial stimulation by providing sufficient energy in immune cells. The main purpose of our study was to explore whether hexokinase 2 (HK2)‐mediated glycolysis affected the expression of receptor activator of NF‐κB Ligand (RANKL) inPorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis‐LPS)‐treated osteoblasts and evaluate the potential involvement of the AKT/PI3K pathway activation during HK2‐mediated glycolysis.MethodsPrimary mice osteoblasts were treated with P. gingivalis‐LPS, whereas the HK2 inhibitor (Lonidamine, LND) and small interference RNA were used to restrain HK2 expression. Conditioned medium from osteoblasts was utilized for culturing osteoclast precursors. The mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in glycolysis and bone metabolism including RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were detected by real‐time PCR and western blotting. HK2 and lactate levels were detected by ELISA. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was utilized to assess osteoclast formation. The involvement of the AKT/PI3K pathway in osteoblasts was explored by Western blotting.ResultsP. gingivalis‐LPS enhanced HK2 expression along with rising glycolysis in osteoblasts. LND and HK2‐knockdown decreased RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblasts, leading to less osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursors as evidenced by TRAP staining, while the osteogenic potential and proliferation of osteoblasts were not affected by HK2‐knockdown. Moreover,P. gingivalis‐LPS activated the AKT/PI3K pathway, which could regulate HK2 and RANKL expression in osteoblasts.ConclusionsHK2‐mediated glycolysis promoted RANKL in osteoblasts and enhanced osteoclast differentiation. Targeting glycolysis may provide novel therapeutic methods for reducing alveolar bone loss.
Linking Chronic Otitis Media and Nasal Obstruction: A CFD Approach
Authors: Burgos Manuel A. , Pardo Alejandro , Rodríguez Rafael , Rodríguez‐Balbuena Beatriz , Castro David , Piqueras Francisco , Esteban Francisco 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate a possible relationship between altered nasal flow and chronic otitis media (COM) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective cohort sample of CT scans from patients with COM and controls without COM to compare the results of various nasal airflow parameters determined by CFD between a group of patients with COM (N = 60) and a control group of subjects without any evidence of ear disease (N = 81).The CT were subjected to various procedures to carry out CFD studies, determining the resistance to nasal flow, the proportion of flow through the right and left nasal cavity, and two nondimensional estimators. The results of CFD studies between patients with COM and controls were compared.ResultsWhereas only 12.3% of the controls had CFD alteration (10 out of 81), 43.3% of the patients suffering COM displayed alterations of our nondimensional parameters (26 out of 60).ConclusionsAccording to our results, the incidence of alterations in nasal airflow by studying with CFD is significantly higher in patients with COM than in controls. To our knowledge, this is the first article linking nasal cavity and COM using a CFD approach. Our results support the hypothesis that nasal flow alterations could be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the COM.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1224–1230, 2022
Plant community change mediated heterotrophic respiration increase explains soil organic carbon loss before moderate degradation of alpine meadow
Authors: Lai Chimin , Li Chengyang , Peng Fei , Xue Xian , You Quangang , Zhang Wenjuan , Ma Shaoxiu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlpine meadows on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) store a huge amount of plant and soil carbon (C). The degradation of the alpine meadow has led to a significant loss of soil organic C (SOC), which endangers its weak C sink. The change in heterotrophic respiration was hypothesized as one of the primary biological processes for the SOC loss alongside the degradation of alpine meadow. However, little is known about how land degradation impacts Rh due to changes in plant communities and consequent labile organic C inputs. Rh, vegetation productivity, plant community composition, plant lignin concentration, leaf C/N, SOC, and soil labile C (SLC) were measured for alpine meadow grasslands with five degradation levels in 2 years. Our results showed that the SOC of the surface layer (0–10 cm) gradually decreased with land degradation. The plant lignin concentration and C/N ratio gradually increased with land degradation due to the proportion of sedges decreased while that of forbs increased, which consequently led to the soil C quality (SLC) increased before the moderate degradation level (MD) while significantly reduced in severe and very severe degradation levels (SD and VSD). The structural equation modeling result (SEM) revealed that the degradation‐induced change in soil C quality (SLC) due to an alteration in plant community composition relates to the Rh change with grassland degradation, and the Rh (C output) and aboveground biomass (AGB: C input) further mediated the loss of SOC alongside alpine meadow degradation. On average, Rh increased by 49% and 59% from the Intact to slight degradation level (SLD) and MD and reduced by 56% and 69% from MD to SD and VSD. The temperature sensitivity of Rh (Q10) was higher in the SLD (Q10 = 2.84) and MD (Q10 = 2.62) comparing with the Intact (Q10 = 2.58) respectively, but it was lower in SD (Q10 = 2.19) and VSD (Q10 = 1.65). AGB and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) had no significant change until the MD, while reduced by 60%–90% in SD and VSD. Our results suggest that Rh and its Q10 change moderated by soil C quality alteration due to the plant community shifting could be one mechanism for the soil C loss before MD, but could not be the main pathway for the SOC loss at SD and VSD.
Ecosystem restoration through aerial seeding: Interacting plant–soil microbiome effects on soil multifunctionality
Authors: Liu Qingfu , Zhang Qing , Jarvie Scott , Yan Yongzhi , Han Peng , Liu Tao , Guo Kun , Ren Linjing , Yue Kai , Wu Haiming , Du Jingjing , Niu Jianming , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the driving factors of soil multifunctionality is of great significance for the protection and restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of above‐ and belowground factors are rarely evaluated simultaneously, and the driving mode of both factors on soil multifunctionality is not clear. Here, we evaluated the restoration of mobile dunes threatened by desertification through aerial seeding, that is, the sowing of seeds through aerial devices, from 1983 to 2015 in Mu Us Desert, China, using soil and plant data. The effect of aerial seeding on the restoration of soil multifunctionality, plant diversity, and soil microbial diversity in mobile dunes was significant, which was tested by loess regression. Further, the plant diversity becomes saturated in the later stages of restoration. The effect also leads to the restoration of soil multifunctionality lags behind plant and soil microorganisms. The factors (plant and soil microorganisms) driving soil multifunctionality is not a separate action or a joint action that test by structural equation models (SEMs), but that plants restore first and then indirectly drive soil multifunctionality through soil microorganisms during the restoration process. We also found that bacteria are the main direct indicators of soil multifunctionality, which was tested using Random forests modelling. This study highlights that plants indirectly drive soil multifunctionality through soil microorganisms, and soil microorganisms are key to elucidating the restoration mechanism and process.
Clinical characteristics and pathogens in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site infection in patients with head and neck cancer: A 16‐year retrospective study
Authors: Oh Jihyu , Park So Yeon , Lee Jin Seo , Park Ji‐Young , Lee Seo Hu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWound infection is the most common complication associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement, with an incidence between 4% and 30%. In this study, we compared the characteristics of PEG site infection between the head and neck cancer (HNC) group and the non‐HNC group.MethodsThis study was conducted at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital at the Ilsong Head and Neck Cancer Center. We retrospectively collected and analyzed data on patients who underwent PEG insertion from October 2003 to May 2019 to evaluate the risk factors and microbiological etiologies of PEG site infection.ResultsA total of 316 (HNC group [n = 129] and non‐HNC group [n = 187]) patients undergoing PEG insertion were included in this study. Moreover, 67 episodes of PEG site infection were diagnosed, with an overall prevalence of 21.2%. PEG site infections were significantly higher in the HNC group than in the non‐HNC group (32.6% vs 13.4%, P <.001). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen associated with a PEG site infection. Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) P aeruginosa was more frequent in the HNC group than in the non‐HNC group (78.6% vs 25.0%, P = .006).ConclusionsFor appropriate treatment, P aeruginosa, especially MDR P aeruginosa, should be considered when selecting empirical antibiotics for PEG site infection in patients with HNC.Level of Evidence: 4
THE POWER OF PEOPLE YOU OVERLOOK
Authors: Taylor Johnny C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe author, President and Chief Executive Officer of SHRM, the Society for Human Resource Management, argues that “Older workers, people with disabilities, immigrants, people with criminal records,” should not be looked upon as workplace liabilities, but as “your future talent pool.” With a declining population in the United States, the talent pool will shrink, and a “survey from McKinsey revealed that while 87 percent of executives expressed concern about a skills gap, fewer than half knew what to do about it.” Among his observations in his words: Retaining talented mature workers—and recruiting new ones—is simply smart for most organizations. Companies that incorporate candidates with disabilities see higher revenue, higher net income, reduced turnover, lower recruiting costs, increased productivity and improved customer outreach. Employers that successfully attract and hire veterans find they often outperform other employees and stay with the organization longer than the median length of service. SHRM helped produce a study revealing that while people with criminal records face additional scrutiny during the hiring process, many employees, managers, and HR professionals are open to working with and hiring them. He concludes that “leaders should do three things: invent, invest, and implement those programs best suited to our culture and communities.”
A Review on Nanocellulose and Its Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Sezali Nur Atirah Afifah , Ong Hui Lin , Jullok Nora , Villagracia Al Rey , Doong Ruey‐An 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCommercially available supercapacitors offer very limited advantages over other energy storage devices. Balancing their electrochemical performance such as capacitance, energy density, and cyclability is challenging. Studies have shown that this challenge can be overcome by using light and cheap substrates that are highly stable with solvents, and have high loading capacities and compatibility with nanomaterials. Nanocellulose, derived from wastes or biomass, is a good candidate for integrating with other nanosize conductive materials, such as carbon, conducting polymers, and metal oxides, as active materials or nanocomposites for supercapacitors. This review focuses on the properties and preparation of nanocellulose sourced from wastes (biomass) and bacteria, and extends to emerging materials, such as metal–organic frameworks and MXene, for nanocellulose‐based supercapacitors. Even though supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, this paper focuses on the overall electrochemical performance of nanocellulose‐based supercapacitors to evaluate the influence of nanocellulose. In addition, the potentials and possible limitations of nanocellulose in supercapacitors are discussed. Overall, the incorporation of waste‐derived nanocellulose into energy storage applications is an initiative that improves the circular economy and supports environmental sustainability.
Prediction of Reaction Yield for Buchwald‐Hartwig Cross‐coupling Reactions Using Deep Learning
Authors: Sato Akinori , Miyao Tomoyuki , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical reaction yield is one of the most important factors for determining reaction conditions. Recently, several machine learning‐based prediction models using high‐throughput experiment (HTE) data sets were reported for the prediction of reaction yield. However, none of them were at a practical level in terms of predictive ability. In this study, we propose a message passing neural network (MPNN) model for chemical yield prediction, focusing on the Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐coupling HTE data set. As an initial atom embedding in MPNN model, we propose to use the Mol2Vec feature vectors pre‐trained using a large compound database. Predictive ability of the proposed model was higher than that of previously reported five models for the three out of five data sets. Moreover, visualization of important atoms based on self‐attention mechanism was in favor of Mol2Vec as an atom embedding rather than other embeddings including previously employed simple representations.
Design of a novel polarization insensitive pentabandTHzmetamaterial
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Pallath , Suthendran Kannan , Yamini Anish Pon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the design and characterization of a novel metamaterial with five distinct operating bands for THz applications. The proposed metamaterial is constructed using an ultra‐thin polyimide substrate. The proposed metamaterial has a square geometry with metallic patterns suitably designed to obtain the desired frequency characteristics. The metamaterial operates based on surface plasmon hybridization with stopband characteristics at 0.82, 1.96, 2.77, 3.40 and 4.74 THz. The metamaterial has a small geometry 0.082λo × 0.082λowhereλois wavelength calculated under free‐space conditions at 0.82 THz. The operation of the proposed pentaband metamaterial is described using electric field distributions. The metamaterial reported in this paper has rotational symmetry and hence it is polarization independent. The performance of the metamaterial for various angles of incidence has been evaluated and the results reveal that the proposed metamaterial is stable up to ±70 degrees. The THz metamaterial is appropriate for components like frequency selective surface, sensors and detectors.