bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Linear Conventional and Nonlinear Microbial Models for Simulating Pulse Dynamics of Soil Heterotrophic Respiration in a Semi‐Arid Grassland
Authors: Zhou Jian , Chen Shiping , Yan Liming , Wang Jing , Jiang Ming , Liang Junyi , Zhang Xuanze , Xia Jianyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a critical process in regulating terrestrial feedback to climate change, soil heterotrophic respiration is commonly simulated with the first‐order kinetics in current Earth system models. Compared with the first‐order kinetic models, explicit microbial models are expected to better simulate nonlinear carbon (C)‐cycle phenomena, such as the pulse dynamics of soil heterotrophic respiration driven by dry‐rewetting cycles in grasslands. However, these two types of models (i.e., linear conventional and nonlinear microbial models) have never been compared based on in situ observations of soil heterotrophic respiration in the semi‐arid grassland, which is significantly affected by the dry‐rewetting events. Here, based on the field data of soil heterotrophic respiration in a semi‐arid grassland in northern China, we first showed that the shift from a conventional linear model to a nonlinear microbial model did not substantially improve the simulation of soil heterotrophic respiration. Then, we quantified the contributions of different moisture‐response functions to the uncertainty in simulating the soil C dynamics. The results showed that the selection of moisture‐response functions combined with parameterization in the soil C models dominated the modeled uncertainties in soil heterotrophic respiration. These findings suggest that both the conventional linear model and nonlinear microbial model can simulate well the pulse dynamic of soil heterotrophic respiration in grasslands with an improved parameterization of water regulation on soil carbon decomposition. This study also calls for more observations of nonlinear C phenomena for reducing the simulation uncertainty on soil C cycling in Earth system models.
Suppressing bias stress degradation in high performance solution processed organic transistors operating in air
Authors: Iqbal Hamna F. , Ai Qianxiang , Thorley Karl J. , Chen Hu , McCulloch Iain , Risko Chad , Anthony John E. , Jurchescu Oana D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolution processed organic field effect transistors can become ubiquitous in flexible optoelectronics. While progress in material and device design has been astonishing, low environmental and operational stabilities remain longstanding problems obstructing their immediate deployment in real world applications. Here, we introduce a strategy to identify the most probable and severe degradation pathways in organic transistors and then implement a method to eliminate the main sources of instabilities. Real time monitoring of the energetic distribution and transformation of electronic trap states during device operation, in conjunction with simulations, revealed the nature of traps responsible for performance degradation. With this information, we designed the most efficient encapsulation strategy for each device type, which resulted in fabrication of high performance, environmentally and operationally stable small molecule and polymeric transistors with consistent mobility and unparalleled threshold voltage shifts as low as 0.1 V under the application of high bias stress in air.
Uncovering the socioeconomic facets of human mobility
Authors: Barbosa Hugo , Hazarie Surendra , Dickinson Brian , Bassolas Aleix , Frank Adam , Kautz Henry , Sadilek Adam , Ramasco José J. , Ghoshal Gourab 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven the rapid recent trend of urbanization, a better understanding of how urban infrastructure mediates socioeconomic interactions and economic systems is of vital importance. While the accessibility of location-enabled devices as well as large-scale datasets of human activities, has fueled significant advances in our understanding, there is little agreement on the linkage between socioeconomic status and its influence on movement patterns, in particular, the role of inequality. Here, we analyze a heavily aggregated and anonymized summary of global mobility and investigate the relationships between socioeconomic status and mobility across a hundred cities in the US and Brazil. We uncover two types of relationships, finding either a clear connection or little-to-no interdependencies. The former tend to be characterized by low levels of public transportation usage, inequitable access to basic amenities and services, and segregated clusters of communities in terms of income, with the latter class showing the opposite trends. Our findings provide useful lessons in designing urban habitats that serve the larger interests of all inhabitants irrespective of their economic status.
Development and validation of an early warning tool for sepsis and decompensation in children during emergency department triage
Authors: Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Heyming Theodore , Marano Rachel , Piroutek Mary Jane , Arrieta Antonio C. , Lee Kent , Hayes Jennifer , Cappon James , Hoenk Kamila , Feaster William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to develop and validate an early warning system for sepsis based on a predictive model of critical decompensation. Data from the electronic medical records for 537,837 visits to a pediatric Emergency Department (ED) from March 2013 to December 2019 were collected. A multiclass stochastic gradient boosting model was built to identify early warning signs associated with death, severe sepsis, non-severe sepsis, and bacteremia. Model features included triage vital signs, previous diagnoses, medications, and healthcare utilizations within 6 months of the index ED visit. There were 483 patients who had severe sepsis and/or died, 1102 had non-severe sepsis, 1103 had positive bacteremia tests, and the remaining had none of the events. The most important predictors were age, heart rate, length of stay of previous hospitalizations, temperature, systolic blood pressure, and prior sepsis. The one-versus-all area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) were 0.979 (0.967, 0.991), 0.990 (0.985, 0.995), 0.976 (0.972, 0.981), and 0.968 (0.962, 0.974) for death, severe sepsis, non-severe sepsis, and bacteremia without sepsis respectively. The multi-class macro average AUROC and area under the precision recall curve were 0.977 and 0.316 respectively. The study findings were used to develop an automated early warning decision tool for sepsis. Implementation of this model in pediatric EDs will allow sepsis-related critical decompensation to be predicted accurately after a few seconds of triage.
Preferred musical attribute dimensions underlie individual differences in music-induced analgesia
Authors: Basiński Krzysztof , Zdun-Ryżewska Agata , Greenberg David M. , Majkowicz Mikołaj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMusic-induced analgesia (MIA) is a phenomenon that describes a situation in which listening to music influences pain perception. The heterogeneity of music used in MIA studies leads to a problem of a specific effect for an unspecified stimulus. To address this, we use a previously established model of musical preferences that categorizes the multidimensional sonic space of music into three basic dimensions: arousal, valence and depth. Participants entered an experimental pain stimulation while listening to compilations of short musical excerpts characteristic of each of the three attribute dimensions. The results showed an effect on the part of music attribute preferences on average pain, maximal pain, and pain tolerance after controlling for musical attributes and order effects. This suggests that individual preferences for music attributes play a significant role in MIA and that, in clinical contexts, music should not be chosen arbitrarily but according to individual preferences.
Analysis of peripheral inflammatory T cell subsets and their effector function in patients with Birdshot Retinochoroiditis
Authors: Trombke Janine , Loyal Lucie , Braun Julian , Pleyer Uwe , Thiel Andreas , Pohlmann Dominika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBirdshot Retinochoroiditis (BSRC) is a progressive non-infectious intraocular inflammation that affects choroid and retina. Inflammatory processes have adverse effects on vision by affecting photoreceptor-bearing cells that do not regenerate. This study aimed at characterizing inflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of active and inactive BSRCs. Furthermore, we correlated phenotypical and functional immunological analyses with clinical data. We observed a slight increase of terminally differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in blood of inactive, compared to active BSRCs. Moreover, we identified a trend for a decreased population of TH2 cells and increased TH1 frequencies in active BSRCs, a typical sign of ongoing autoimmune processes. Functional assays demonstrated severe and overall impairment of effector function of both, CD4+ and CD8+ inflammatory T cells, which might reflect T cell exhaustion. Although the eye is the main site of inflammation in BSRC, we observed altered T cell subset compositions in the peripheral blood, dependent on the disease status. Our results indicate that T cells may play a major role in BSRC pathology, although our cohort size is too limited for definitve conclusions. Future studies with larger BSRCs have to be performed.
Dissecting industrial fermentations of fine flavour cocoa through metagenomic analysis
Authors: Fernández-Niño Miguel , Rodríguez-Cubillos María Juliana , Herrera-Rocha Fabio , Anzola Juan Manuel , Cepeda-Hernández Martha Lucia , Aguirre Mejía Jenny Lorena , Chica María José , Olarte Héctor Hugo , Rodríguez-López Claudia , Calderón Dayana , Ramírez-Rojas Adan , Del Portillo Patricia , Restrepo Silvia , González Barrios Andrés Fernando 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global demand for fine-flavour cocoa has increased worldwide during the last years. Fine-flavour cocoa offers exceptional quality and unique fruity and floral flavour attributes of high demand by the world's elite chocolatiers. Several studies have highlighted the relevance of cocoa fermentation to produce such attributes. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the microbial interactions and biochemistry that lead to the production of these attributes on farms of industrial relevance, where traditional fermentation methods have been pre-standardized and scaled up. In this study, we have used metagenomic approaches to dissect on-farm industrial fermentations of fine-flavour cocoa. Our results revealed the presence of a shared core of nine dominant microorganisms (i.e. Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pestalotiopsis rhododendri, Acetobacter aceti group, Bacillus subtilis group, Weissella ghanensis group, Lactobacillus_uc, Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa) between two farms located at completely different agro-ecological zones. Moreover, a community metabolic model was reconstructed and proposed as a tool to further elucidate the interactions among microorganisms and flavour biochemistry. Our work is the first to reveal a core of microorganisms shared among industrial farms, which is an essential step to process engineering aimed to design starter cultures, reducing fermentation times, and controlling the expression of undesirable phenotypes.
Computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry-based investigation on subchondral bone plate alterations in sacroiliac joint dysfunction
Authors: Poilliot A. , Doyle T. , Kurosawa D. , Toranelli M. , Zhang M. , Zwirner J. , Müller-Gerbl M. , Hammer N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) is an underappreciated source of back pain. Mineralization patterns of the sacroiliac (SIJ) subchondral bone plate (SCB) may reflect long-term adaptations to the loading of the joint. Mineralization densitograms of 27 SIJD patients and 39 controls, were obtained using CT osteoabsorptiometry. Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the SCB mineralization of superior, anterior and inferior regions on the iliac and sacral auricular surfaces were derived and statistically compared between SIJD-affected and control cohorts. Healthy controls showed higher HU values in the iliac; 868 ± 211 (superior), 825 ± 121 (anterior), 509 ± 114 (inferior), than in the sacral side; 541 ± 136 (superior), 618 ± 159 (anterior), 447 ± 91 (inferior), of all regions (p < 0.01). This was similar in SIJD; ilium 908 ± 170 (superior), 799 ± 166 (anterior), 560 ± 135 (inferior), sacrum 518 ± 150 (superior), 667 ± 151 (anterior), 524 ± 94 (inferior). In SIJD, no significant HU differences were found when comparing inferior sacral and iliac regions. Furthermore, HU values in the inferior sacral region were significantly higher when compared to the same region of the healthy controls (524 ± 94 vs. 447 ± 91, p < 0.01). Region mineralization correlated negatively with age (p < 0.01). SIJD-affected joints reflect a high mineralization of the sacral inferior region, suggesting increased SIJD-related mechanical stresses. Age-related SCB demineralization is present in all individuals, regardless of dysfunction.
Facilitating End-of-Life Interaction Between Patients With Severe Communication Impairment and Their Families
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Stierwalt Julie A. G. , Clark Heather M. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this report is to promote conversation among medical speech-language pathologists (SLPs) about their role in facilitating family–patient interaction involving patients who acutely encounter the end-of-life (EOL) phase and have severe communication impairment.

Case Report
We provide self-reflections from our own clinical practice, pertinent literature review, and medical chart review of a relevant patient to serve as a catalyst for such discussion.

Reflections
We share a preliminary handout containing strategies that SLPs could provide family members of patients who have encountered an EOL phase and have severe communication impairment (e.g., global aphasia) and reduced alertness level.

Clinical Implications
SLPs can play an important role in facilitating EOL patient–family interaction and alleviate suffering even when patients have severe communication impairment.
A secure and sensitive wavelet transform based technique for stator fault detection in the cases of line‐connected and inverter‐fed induction machines
Authors: Nazemi Mohammad Hossein , Gallehdar Davar , Haghjoo Farhad , Cruz Sérgio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere a new sensitive fault detection criterion is proposed, based on the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) decomposition components of the stator currents, for the online detection of stator winding turn‐to‐turn faults at an early stage of development. The energies of the desired detail components are calculated and the normalized Euclidean distance of the energy differences between the three phases is used as a new fault detection criterion. The robustness of the proposed technique against the presence of rotor turn‐to‐turn faults and loading variations is demonstrated. In addition, an adaptive threshold level as a function of the voltage unbalance factor is proposed to guarantee the robustness of the diagnostic technique against unbalanced voltage sources. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of the proposed diagnostic approach for the detection of stator faults in line‐connected and inverter‐fed motors.
An improved optimisation method based on augmented constraint for electricity market clearing considering non‐increasing stepwise bidding
Authors: Cheng Li‐Min , Bao Yu‐Qing , Chen Chen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of optimization methods for market clearing aims to improve the rationality of bidding and maximise social welfare. Existing electricity markets only allow a non‐decreasing bidding curve for generating companies (GenCos) owing to the convex limitation of the optimization model. However, the marginal cost of GenCos is sometimes non‐increasing, such as GenCos involved in deep peak regulation, which requires the non‐increasing bidding of GenCos. Focussing on the non‐increasing stepwise bidding curves of the GenCos, an improved optimization method is proposed that imposes augmented constraints on the bidding segments so that each bid segment can be allocated in order. In this way, the proper sequence of the bid quantity of each segment can be guaranteed. The numeral testing results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improved crystallisation of polysilazane‐derived Si3N4/SiC nanocomposites with Fe2O3 catalyst
Authors: Zhang Wenshu , Wang Shuo , Ding Honghui , Zhai Xueying , Yang De'an 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the use of a 3 wt% Fe2O3 catalyst improved the crystallisation of polysilazane PSN2. Crystallisation peaks of higher intensity were observed for Si3N4 and SiC at 1250 °C by using a 3 wt% Fe2O3 catalyst than at 1500 °C without Fe2O3. Besides, the effects of temperature on the morphology of the samples were determined through scanning electron microscopy. Porous structures were observed at 1250 °C and these structures were transformed to flaky and near‐spherical nanoparticles as the temperatures were increased to 1350 and 1450 °C, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of Fe origination from Fe2O3 reduction, the production of a supersaturated liquid alloy, and the release and diffusion of N2 were proposed for Si3N4 formation.
Sparse quaternion‐valued minimization based technique with pre‐predictive PV control loop of distributed PV power generation system
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Debouza Mahdi , Al‐Durra Ahmed , El‐Fouly Tarek H.M. , Moursi Mohamed Shawky El 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a sparse quaternion‐valued minimization (SQVM) based control technique of a two‐stage grid supportive photovoltaic (PV) power system with power conditioning capabilities. The grid side converter (GSC) is controlled by utilizing an SQVM control technique. The proposed algorithm enables the GSC to mitigate the load harmonics current and provides reactive power compensation at the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed control is tuned to mitigate the DC offset error, harmonics current and to improve the frequency response of the proposed system. A DC link pre‐predictive is incorporated to improve the dynamic response by reducing the burden on the outer Proportional‐Integral (PI) voltage controller loop. Further, it is used to extract the fundamental component of load currents for generating the reference currents. An adjustable DC link voltage loop is incorporated in the proposed control technique to adapt the PCC voltage variation, which helps in minimizing the losses of the PV system. For real‐time execution of the adjustable DC link voltage concept, the DC link voltage is adapted with a variation in the PCC voltage. The operation and control of the system topology are validated experimentally under various scenarios.
Power quality improvement using three‐phase transformerless grid interfaced SECS enabling leakage current suppression
Authors: Shah Priyank , Singh Bhim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a harmonic compensation strategy for a 3‐ϕ grid‐tied solar energy conversion system with leakage current attenuation feature. As parasitic capacitance exists between the solar photovoltaic panels with the ground, the deviation in common‐mode voltage compels the probable safety hazards such as electromagnetic interference and harmonics injection in the grid currents. Additionally, the power quality indices of the grid, are exacerbated with the coupling of the non‐linear load. Owing to these issues, a generalized integrator based approach is introduced to ensure the harmonics suppression, power factor correction, leakage current alleviation. Additionally, the grid current distortion limits are ensured within limits in order to comply with the IEEE std. 519. The presented algorithm ensures a robust operation with respect to various anomalies in the grid voltages. Simulation results show the satisfactory response of the harmonics controller even under abnormal operating scenarios including the symmetrical/unsymmetrical faults in the grid side network. In comparison with the traditional algorithms, the harmonic controller suppresses the leakage current and harmonics within restricted limits despite the abnormal conditions. Real‐time simulator results demonstrate the performance of the controller under distinct operating conditions such as load unbalancing, distorted grid voltages, etc.
A chronological review of prospects of solar photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh: Feasibility study analysis, policies, barriers, and recommendations
Authors: Podder Amit Kumer , Habibullah Md. , Roy Naruttam Kumar , Pota Hemanshu Roy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe main focus of this paper is to present the current prospects, potentials, research activities, future concerns, and applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Bangladesh. Despite the existence of several articles in the literature on solar energy prospects in Bangladesh, the diffusion of several solar PV applications throughout the country, their rapid progress analysis, and existing feasibility study outcome analysis are still unrevealed. Therefore, an endeavour has been made for the first time to condense the government and non‐government contributions to disseminating solar energy throughout the country. Twenty‐one feasibility studies at different locations of Bangladesh are reviewed and analysed, in terms of financial viability, sensitivity analysis, and greenhouse gas emissions, to foresee the prospects of solar energy in Bangladesh. Sensitivity analyses are performed, with six sensitivity variables, which reveal that the total net present cost of the solar project implementation may be increased by 20% (maximum) in the lowest solar potential area than the highest one with an average payback period of 13 years. This paper also identifies the policy gaps, classifies the barriers into eight categories, and discusses the conceivable approaches to defeat those barriers, followed by recommendations in six different aspects.
Active anomaly detection for time-domain discoveries
Authors: Ishida E. E. O. , Kornilov M. V. , Malanchev K. L. , Pruzhinskaya M. V. , Volnova A. A. , Korolev V. S. , Mondon F. , Sreejith S. , Malancheva A. A. , Das S. 
Published: April 2021

Aims.We present the first piece of evidence that adaptive learning techniques can boost the discovery of unusual objects within astronomical light curve data sets.Methods.Our method follows an active learning strategy where the learning algorithm chooses objects that can potentially improve the learner if additional information about them is provided. This new information is subsequently used to update the machine learning model, allowing its accuracy to evolve with each new piece of information. For the case of anomaly detection, the algorithm aims to maximize the number of scientifically interesting anomalies presented to the expert by slightly modifying the weights of a traditional isolation forest (IF) at each iteration. In order to demonstrate the potential of such techniques, we apply the Active Anomaly Discovery algorithm to two data sets: simulated light curves from the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC) and real light curves from the Open Supernova Catalog. We compare the Active Anomaly Discovery results to those of a static IF. For both methods, we performed a detailed analysis for all objects with the ∼2% highest anomaly scores.Results.We show that, in the real data scenario, Active Anomaly Discovery was able to identify ∼80% more true anomalies than the IF. This result is the first piece of evidence that active anomaly detection algorithms can play a central role in the search for new physics in the era of large-scale sky surveys.