bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel patterns in singing activity of humpback whales in a winter breeding area in Okinawan (Ryukyuan) waters
Authors: Kobayashi Nozomi , Okabe Haruna , Higashi Naoto , Miyahara Hirokazu , Uchida Senzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMale humpback whales produce complex sounds known as songs during their breeding season. Previous studies have shown diel patterns of song in their breeding areas, but there had been no similar studies in the breeding area around Okinawa, Japan. To study diel patterns of song and the behavior of humpback whales in Okinawa, we conducted 24 hr recording with a fixed hydrophone in 2007, and vessel‐based sighting surveys during 2014–2017. Song was monitored for 15 days, with peaks at sunrise and around 2200. Singing activity declined significantly between sunrise and sunset, then increased until 2200. Activity levels at night were higher and more stable than during the day. During 278 days of sighting surveys, 2,551 whales in 1,382 groups were observed. 79 individuals were confirmed as singers, all of which were lone whales. In six cases, singing individuals stopped singing before joining a group or began singing after leaving a group. Previous studies have shown that group size of humpback whales increases through the day. Considering the results from our study and the former studies, the decrease in singing activity as the day progresses may be a result of aggregation increasing, thus reducing the number of lone singers during the day.
Dyadic measurement invariance and its importance for replicability in romantic relationship science
Authors: Sakaluk John K. , Fisher Alexandra N. , Kilshaw Robyn E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComparisons of group means, variances, correlations, and/or regression slopes involving psychological variables rely on an assumption of measurement invariance—that the latent variables under investigation have equivalent meaning and measurement across group. When measures are noninvariant, replicability suffers, as comparisons are either conceptually meaningless, or hindered by inflated Type I error rates. We propose that the failure to account for interdependence among dyad members when testing measurement invariance may be a potential source of unreplicable findings in relationship research. We developed fully dyadic versions of invariance models, created an R package (dySEM) to make specifying dyadic invariance models easier and reporting more reproducible, and executed a Registered Report for gauging the extent of dyadic (non)invariance in romantic relationship research across measures of relationship well‐being, personality, and sexuality in a sample of 282 heterosexual couples. We found that although a number of popular measures display good evidence of dyadic invariance, a few display concerning levels and interesting patterns of noninvariance, while others appeared either noninvariant or poorly fitting for both men and women. We discuss our findings in terms of their meaning for the replicability dyadic close relationship research. We close by arguing that increased theorizing and research on dyadic invariance, and inclusive methods for analyzing invariance with indistinguishable dyads, are needed to capitalize on the opportunity to advance our field's understanding of dyadic constructions of relational concepts.
The cardiac, vasomotor, and myocardial branches of the baroreflex in fibromyalgia: Associations with pain, affective impairments, sleep problems, and fatigue
Authors: Reyes del Paso Gustavo A. , Contreras‐Merino Ana M. , de la Coba Pablo , Duschek Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the cardiac, vasomotor, and myocardial branches of the baroreflex in fibromyalgia using the spontaneous sequence method. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), interbeat interval (IBI), stroke volume (SV), pre‐ejection period (PEP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were continuously recorded in 40 fibromyalgia patients and 30 healthy individuals during a cold pressor test and a mental arithmetic task. Sequences of covariation between SBP and IBI (cardiac branch), SV and PEP (myocardial branch), and TPR (vasomotor branch) were identified. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was represented by the slope of the regression line between values in the sequences; baroreflex effectiveness (BEI) was indexed by the proportion of progressive SBP changes that elicited reflex responses. Patients exhibited lower BRS in the three branches, lower BEI in the cardiac and vasomotor branches, and reduced reactivity in cardiac BRS and BEI, SBP, IBI, SV, and PEP. Moreover, BRS and BEI were inversely related to clinical pain, cold pressor pain, depression, trait anxiety, sleep problems, and fatigue. Reduced function of the three baroreflex branches implies diminished resources for autonomic inotropic, chronotropic, and vascular regulation in fibromyalgia. Blunted stress reactivity indicates a limited capacity for autonomic cardiovascular adjustment to situational requirements. The associations of BRS and BEI with pain perception may reflect the antinociceptive effects arising from baroreceptor afferents, where reduced baroreflex function may contribute to the hyperalgesia characterizing fibromyalgia. The associations with affective impairments, sleep problems, and fatigue suggest that baroreflex dysfunctions are also involved in the secondary symptoms of the disorder.
China's nonlife insurance market: New insights from the China Insurance Yearbook
Authors: Bujakowski Douglas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChina's nonlife insurance market is among the largest in the world and is ripe for policy‐relevant research. The China Insurance Yearbook is well‐positioned to support this study. The current essay provides an overview of the China Insurance Yearbook and includes graphical summaries of yearbook data. We discuss implications for the study of nonlife insurance in China and highlight new insights that might be gained from an analysis of yearbook data.
Model-Based Design of an Electric Bus Lithium-Ion Battery Pack
Authors: Gilaki Mehdi , Walsh Robert , Sahraei Elham 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study details a framework for an iterative process which is utilized to optimize lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack design. This is accomplished through the homogenization of the lithium-ion cells and modules, the finite element simulation of these homogenized parts, and submodeling. This process enables the user to identify key structures and materials to be modified to optimize performance while keeping simulation time per iteration to a minimum. These iterations can be used to accurately estimate the force and strain values at various points including the lithium-ion cells and can be used to determine failure locations. The study demonstrates this through the examination of an electric bus lithium-ion battery pack as it is processed through the aforementioned steps and iterations to arrive at a conclusion that enabled the author to select appropriate fasteners and optimize for lithium-ion battery integrity in the event of a side impact with a pole on the bus chassis and battery assembly. The steps outlined in the study could be expanded to include an array of different loading scenarios and to include additional levels of homogenization/submodeling such as jellyroll components.
Thresholds Power Profiles and Performance in Youth Road Cycling
Authors: Gallo Gabriele , Filipas Luca , Tornaghi Michele , Garbin Mattia , Codella Roberto , Lovecchio Nicola , Zaccaria Daniele 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:To analyze the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of competitive 15- to 16-year-old young male road cyclists and scale them according to a dichotomous category of successful/unsuccessful riders.Methods:A total of 103 15- to 16-year-old male road cyclists competing in the Italian national under 17 category performed a laboratory incremental exercise test during the in-season period. Age, height, body mass, body mass index, peak height velocity, and absolute and relative power output at 2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L of blood lactate concentration were compared between 2 subgroups, including those scoring at least 1 point (successful, n = 70) and those that did not score points (unsuccessful, n = 61) in the general season ranking.Results:Successful and unsuccessful riders did not differ anthropometrically. Successful riders recorded significantly higher absolute and relative power output at 2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L of blood lactate concentration compared with unsuccessful riders. Successful riders were also significantly older and had advanced biological maturation compared with their unsuccessful counterparts.Conclusion:Power associated with blood lactate profiles, together with chronological age and peak height velocity, plays an important role in determining race results in under 17 road cycling. Physiological tests could be helpful for coaches to measure these performance predictors.
Regional fault-controlled shallow dolomitization of the Middle Cambrian Cathedral Formation by hydrothermal fluids fluxed through a basal clastic aquifer
Authors: Stacey Jack , Corlett Hilary , Holland Greg , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Cao Chunhui , Swart Peter , Crowley Stephen , Hollis Cathy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates examples of hydrothermal dolomitization in the Middle Cambrian Cathedral Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Kilometer-scale dolomite bodies within the Cathedral Formation carbonate platform are composed of replacement dolomite (RD), with saddle dolomite-cemented (SDC) breccias occurring along faults. These are overlain by the Stephen Formation (Burgess Shale equivalent) shale. RD is crosscut by low-amplitude stylolites cemented by SDC, indicating that dolomitization occurred at very shallow depths (&lt;1 km) during the Middle Cambrian. Clumped isotope data from RD and SDC indicate that dolomitizing fluid temperatures were &gt;230 °C, which demonstrates that dolomitization occurred from hydrothermal fluids. Assuming a geothermal gradient of 40 °C/km, due to rift-related basin extension, fluids likely convected along faults that extended to ∼6 km depth. The negative cerium anomalies of RD indicate that seawater was involved in the earliest phases of replacement dolomitization. 84Kr/36Ar and 132Xe/36Ar data are consistent with serpentinite-derived fluids, which became more dominant during later phases of replacement dolomitization/SDC precipitation. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr of dolomite phases, and its co-occurrence with authigenic quartz and albite, likely reflects fluid interaction with K-feldspar in the underlying Gog Group before ascending faults to regionally dolomitize the Cathedral Formation. In summary, these results demonstrate the important role of a basal clastic aquifer in regional-scale fluid circulation during hydrothermal dolomitization. Furthermore, the presence of the Stephen Formation shale above the platform facilitated the build-up of fluid pressure during the final phase of dolomitization, leading to the formation of saddle dolomite-cemented breccias at much shallower depths than previously realized.
Exploring power shifts as an enabler for a strengthened patient role in quality improvements: a Swedish survey study
Authors: Gremyr Ida , Elg Mattias , Eriksson Erik , Halldórsson Árni , Smith Frida , Gustavsson Susanne 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between professionals’ perceptions of a strengthened role for the patient and of patient involvement in quality improvement (QI) and whether professionals’ experiences in improvement science were a moderator on such a relationship.DesignFrom a predominantly close-ended, 44-item questionnaire, 4 questions specifically concerning professionals′ perception on patient involvement in QI were analysed.SettingThree Swedish regions.Participants155 healthcare professionals who had previously participated in courses in improvement science.ResultsThe covariate patient involvement was significantly related to a perceived strengthened patient role. There was also a significant interaction effect between degree of patient involvement and professionals’ experience in the area of improvement science on a strengthened patient role. The result shows that there is a relationship between the perceived level of patient involvement in improvements and professionals’ perceptions of a strengthened patient role. In this study, the covariate, perceived patient involvement, was significantly related to experiences of more equal relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. There was also a significant interaction effect between the degree of patient involvement and professionals’ experience in the area of improvement science, for a more equal relationship between patients and healthcare professionals.ConclusionIncreased patient involvement in QI is a means of strengthening the patient role and supporting a more equal relation between patients and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, empirical evidence shows that the healthcare professionals’ experiences in the area of improvement science support a strengthened patient role and a more equal power relationship, but for this to happen, the mindset of professionals is key. Future research is needed to capture and investigate the experiences from patients and relatives about being involved in QI in healthcare, and to study the effects on quality in care processes.
Does histological assessment accurately distinguish separate primary lung adenocarcinomas from intrapulmonary metastases? A study of paired resected lung nodules in 32 patients using a routine next-generation sequencing panel for driver mutations
Authors: Bruehl Frido K , Doxtader Erika E , Cheng Yu-Wei , Farkas Daniel H , Farver Carol , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

AimVarious approaches have been reported for distinguishing separate primary lung adenocarcinomas from intrapulmonary metastases in patients with two lung nodules. The aim of this study was to determine whether histological assessment is reliable and accurate in distinguishing separate primary lung adenocarcinomas from intrapulmonary metastases using routine molecular findings as an adjunct.MethodsWe studied resected tumour pairs from 32 patients with lung adenocarcinomas in different lobes. In 15 of 32 tumour pairs, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for common driver mutations was performed on both nodules. The remainder of tumour pairs underwent limited NGS, orEGFRgenotyping. Tumour pairs with different drivers (or one driver/one wild-type) were classified as molecularly unrelated, while those with identical low-frequency drivers were classified as related. Three pathologists independently and blinded to the molecular results categorised tumour pairs as related or unrelated based on histological assessment.ResultsOf 32 pairs, 15 were classified as related by histological assessment, and 17 as unrelated. Of 15 classified as related by histology, 6 were classified as related by molecular analysis, 4 were unrelated and 5 were indeterminate. Of 17 classified as unrelated by histology, 14 were classified as unrelated by molecular analysis, none was related and 3 were indeterminate. Histological assessment of relatedness was inaccurate in 4/32 (12.5%) tumour pairs.ConclusionsA small but significant subset of two-nodule adenocarcinoma pairs is inaccurately judged as related by histological assessment, and can be proven to be unrelated by molecular analysis (driver gene mutations), leading to significant downstaging.
Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning: cross-sectional evidence from 37 cohorts across 28 countries in the ATHLOS project
Authors: Stefler Denes , Prina Matthew , Wu Yu-Tzu , Sánchez-Niubò Albert , Lu Wentian , Haro Josep Maria , Marmot Michael , Bobak Martin 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPhysical and cognitive functioning in older age follows a socioeconomic gradient but it is unclear whether the strength of the association differs between populations. Using harmonised data from an international collaboration of cohort studies, we assessed socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning and explored if the extent of inequalities varied across countries based on their economic strength or wealth distribution.MethodsHarmonised data from 37 population-based cohorts in 28 countries were used, with an overall sample size of 126 765. Socioeconomic position of participants was indicated by education and household income. Physical functioning was assessed by self-reported mobility and activities of daily living; and cognitive functioning by memory and verbal fluency tests. Relative (RII) and slope (SII) index of inequality were calculated in each cohort, and their association with the source country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gini-index was assessed with correlation and cross-level interaction in multilevel models.ResultsRII and SII values indicated consistently higher risk of low physical and cognitive functioning in participants with lower education or income across cohorts. Regarding RII, there were weak but statistically significant correlations and interactions with GDP and Gini-index, suggesting larger inequalities in countries with lower Gini-index and higher GDP. For SII, no such correlations were observed.ConclusionThis study confirms that socioeconomic inequalities in physical and cognitive functioning exist across different social contexts but the magnitude of these inequalities varies. Relative inequalities appear to be larger in higher-income countries but it remains to be seen whether such observation can be replicated.
Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults
Authors: McCarthy Devin G. , Bostad William , Powley Fiona J. , Little Jonathan P. , Richards Douglas L. , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: March 2021

There is growing interest in the effect of exogenous ketone body supplementation on exercise responses and performance. The limited studies to date have yielded equivocal data, likely due in part to differences in dosing strategy, increase in blood ketones, and participant training status. Using a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced design, we examined the effect of ingesting a ketone monoester (KE) supplement (600 mg/kg body mass) or flavour-matched placebo in endurance-trained adults (n = 10 males, n = 9 females; V̇O2peak = 57 ± 8 mL/kg/min). Participants performed a 30-min cycling bout at ventilatory threshold intensity (71 ± 3% V̇O2peak), followed 15 min later by a 3 kJ/kg body mass time-trial. KE versus placebo ingestion increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration before exercise (3.9 ± 1.0 vs 0.2 ± 0.3 mM, p < 0.0001, dz = 3.4), ventilation (77 ± 17 vs 71 ± 15 L/min, p < 0.0001, dz = 1.3) and heart rate (155 ± 11 vs 150 ± 11 beats/min, p < 0.001, dz = 1.2) during exercise, and rating of perceived exertion at the end of exercise (15.4 ± 1.6 vs 14.5 ± 1.2, p < 0.01, dz = 0.85). Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration remained higher after KE vs placebo ingestion before the time-trial (3.5 ± 1.0 vs 0.3 ± 0.2 mM, p < 0.0001, dz = 3.1), but performance was not different (KE: 16:25 ± 2:50 vs placebo: 16:06 ± 2:40 min:s, p = 0.20; dz = 0.31). We conclude that acute ingestion of a relatively large KE bolus dose increased markers of cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal exercise in endurance-trained participants. Novelty: Limited studies have yielded equivocal data regarding exercise responses after acute ketone body supplementation. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced design, we found that ingestion of a large bolus dose of a commercial ketone monoester supplement increased markers of cardiorespiratory stress during cycling at ventilatory threshold intensity in endurance-trained adults.
Chapter 4 Large-scale structure of the study area
Authors: Scharf Andreas , Mattern Frank , Al-Wardi Mohammed , Frijia Gianluca , Moraetis Daniel , Pracejus Bernhard , Bauer Wilfried , Callegari Ivan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Southeastern Oman Mountains are dominated by two major culminations: the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes, surrounded by allochthonous and/or neo-autochthonous rocks. In the cores of both domes, folded autochthonous and par-autochthonous pre-Permian metasedimentary rocks are exposed, subjacent to the ‘Hercynian’ Unconformity. Above the unconformity are Permo--Mesozoic shelfal sedimentary rocks, characterized by carbonates. These sedimentary rocks were openly folded. The open folds are large-scale elongate structures that define the shapes of both domes. The main elongation direction is NW--SE. Doming is syn- to post-obductional. Most margins of the domes are marked by major post-obductional, extensional faults. Reactivated basement faults along the eastern margin of the Jabal Akhdar Dome may be responsible for the straight NNE-striking eastern margin which is perpendicular to the main elongation direction of the domes. The deep structure of both domes is poorly known. However, the Moho depth below the centre of the Jabal Akhdar Dome is at 50 km. We present a geological map of both domes, depicting the main faults and folds, and schematic cross-sections, parallel and perpendicular to the Oman Mountains.
Abstract IA010: How opposing roles of interferon and pattern recognition receptor signaling in the TME influence immunotherapy
Authors: Minn Andy J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling pathways are broadly active across multiple cancer types. These pathways are typically associated with pathogen infection, but their roles in cancer are less understood. Emerging evidence indicates that IFN signaling has complex and even dichotomous roles in both cancer and host-pathogen interactions. On the one hand, IFN is often essential for immune activation and for promoting response to cancer immunotherapies. On the other hand, prolonged IFN signaling that accompanies persistent disease can lead to immunotherapy resistance and immunosuppression. This latter role represents a feedback inhibition mechanism that can also be observed in chronic pathogen infections to limit immune-mediated pathology. Thus, how these opposing effects of IFN signaling are controlled and what factors dictate one function over the other are important questions. In this presentation, insight into how opposing functions of IFN and pattern recognition receptor signaling impact cancer immunotherapy will be discussed. This will include evidence for what factors might favor one function of IFN over the other. Finally, work will be presented that illustrates how key interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expressed by cancer cells can control whether an immune stimulatory or suppressive tumor immune microenvironment develops.
Citation Format: Andy J. Minn. How opposing roles of interferon and pattern recognition receptor signaling in the TME influence immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA010.