bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic diversity and conservation opportunities at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa
Authors: Gorenflo L. J. , Romaine Suzanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfrica contains much of Earth's biological and cultural–linguistic diversity, but conserving this diversity is enormously challenging amid widespread poverty, expanding development, social unrest, and rapidly growing human population. We examined UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Natural World Heritage Sites (WHSs) on continental Africa and nearby islands—48 protected areas containing globally important natural or combined natural and cultural resources—to gauge the potential for enlisting Indigenous peoples in their conservation. We used geographic information system technology to identify instances where Natural WHSs co‐occur with Indigenous languages, a key indicator of cultural diversity. And, we compared the geographic ranges for 4 taxa and selected freshwater species with occurrence of all Indigenous languages within Natural WHSs and subsections of WHSs covered by the geographic extent of Indigenous languages to measure the correlation between linguistic and biological diversity. Results indicated that 147 languages shared at least part of their geographic extent with Natural WHSs. Instances of co‐occurrence where a WHS, a language, or both were endangered marked localities particularly deserving conservation attention. We examined co‐occurrence of all languages and all species, all languages and endangered species, and endangered languages and endangered species and found a correlation between linguistic and biological diversity that may indicate fundamental links between these very different measures of diversity. Considering only endangered species or endangered languages and species reduced that correlation, although considerable co‐occurrence persisted. Shared governance of government‐designated reserves is applicable for natural WHSs because it capitalizes on the apparent connection between culture and nature. Natural WHSs in Africa containing speakers of Indigenous languages present opportunities to conserve both nature and culture in highly visible settings where maintaining natural systems may rely on functioning Indigenous cultural systems and vice versa.
Changes in adhesive ingredients in continuous glucose monitoring systems may induce new contact allergy pattern
Authors: Svedman Cecilia , Ulriksdotter Josefin , Lejding Tina , Bruze Magnus , Mowitz Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical devices (MD) in close skin‐contact for a prolonged time, such as glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, are a risk factor for contact allergy, and there has been an increase in patients using these. Correct diagnosis demands targetted testing.ObjectivesWe report a new allergen in a continuous CGM system in which the adhesive was changed. The allergy pattern of the patients diagnosed is reported.MethodsThe three patients reported were patch tested with an MD series, own material, and possible allergens found through analysis with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, comparing analysis from the CGM system before and after change.ResultsThe patients were sensitized to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), found in previously used devices and the present CGM. Apart from IBOA, the culprit allergen was found to be 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol) monoacrylate.ConclusionAllergic contact dermatitis due to CGM systems and insulin pumps are difficult to investigate and require chemical analysis. Because of the lack of information on substances used in the production, and when changes with MDs are initiated, it is difficult to advise patients, especially since they risk sensitization to several allergens. The use of MDs has increased and, thus, the need for collaboration between manufacturers, clinicians, and patient organizations.
The relationship between in‐person voting and COVID‐19: Evidence from the Wisconsin primary
Authors: Cotti Chad , Engelhardt Bryan , Foster Joshua , Nesson Erik , Niekamp Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn April 7, 2020, Wisconsin held its presidential primary election, and news reports showed long lines of voters due to fewer polling locations. We use county‐level variation in voting patterns and weekly county‐level COVID test data to examine whether in‐person voting increased COVID‐19 cases. We find a statistically significant association between in‐person voting density and the spread of COVID‐19 2–3 weeks after the election. In our main results, a 10% increase in in‐person voters per polling location is associated with an 18.4% increase in the COVID‐19 positive test rate 2–3 weeks later.
Measuring the intensity of conflicts in conservation
Authors: Cusack Jeremy J. , Bradfer‐Lawrence Tom , Baynham‐Herd Zachary , Castelló y Tickell Sofia , Duporge Isla , Hegre Håvard , Moreno Zárate Lara , Naude Vincent , Nijhawan Sahil , Wilson John , Zambrano Cortes Dario Gerardo , Bunnefeld Nils 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConflicts between the interests of biodiversity conservation and other human activities pose a major threat to natural ecosystems and human well‐being, yet few methods exist to quantify their intensity and model their dynamics. We develop a categorization of conflict intensity based on the curve of conflict, a model originally used to track the escalation and deescalation of armed conflicts. Our categorization assigns six intensity levels reflecting the discourse and actions of stakeholders involved in a given conflict, from coexistence or collaboration to physical violence. Using a range of case studies, we demonstrate the value of our approach in quantifying conflict trends, estimating transition probabilities between conflict stages, and modeling conflict intensity as a function of relevant covariates. By taking an evidence‐based approach to quantifying stakeholder behavior, the proposed framework allows for a better understanding of the drivers of conservation conflict development across a diverse range of socioecological scenarios.
Leveraging innovative technology to generate drug response phenotypes for the advancement of biomarker‐driven precision dosing
Authors: Oni‐Orisan Akinyemi , Srinivas Nithya , Mehta Krina , Das Jesmin Lohy , Nguyen Thu T. , Tison Geoffrey H. , Bauer Scott R. , Burian Maria , Funk Ryan S. , Graham Richard A. ,   Biomarkers and Translational Tools Community Working Group of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough traditional approaches to biomarker discovery have elucidated key molecular markers that have improved drug selection (precision medicine), the discovery of biomarkers that inform optimal dose selection (precision dosing) continues to be a challenge in many therapeutic areas. Larger and more diverse study populations are necessary to discover additional biomarkers that provide the resolution needed for a more tailored dose. To generate and accommodate large datasets of drug response phenotypes, time‐ and cost‐efficient strategies are necessary. In particular, a multitude of technological advances that originated for purposes outside of biomedical research (electronic health records, direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing, social media, mobile devices, and machine learning) have made it easier to communicate, connect, and gather information from consumers. Although these technologies have been used with success in the health sciences for an array of purposes, these resources have not been fully capitalized on for precision dosing. This perspective will touch on how these innovations can be used as data sources, data collection tools, and data processing tools for drug‐response phenotypes with a unique focus on advancing biomarker‐driven precision dosing.
Interstitial granuloma after interferon‐gamma and narrowbandUVBtherapy in a patient with mycosis fungoides: Immunological and histopathological considerations
Authors: Goto Hiroyuki , Sugita Kazunari , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn mycosis fungoides (MF), cutaneous granuloma formation is unusual. Furthermore, MF showing interstitial granuloma, a rare type, after combination therapy with interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and narrowband UVB (nbUVB) has not been previously reported. A 77‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with a 2‐month history of erythroderma. Biopsied specimens revealed infiltration of atypical lymphocytes and eosinophils. A diagnosis of an erythrodermic variant of MF was made. He was treated with combination therapy of IFN‐γ and nbUVB. After the therapy, papules newly appeared and a histopathological specimen revealed interstitial granuloma. There were several CXCR3‐positive cells around the granuloma. We speculated that the combination therapy made T‐helper 1 cells migrate to the cutaneous lesion and resulted in the granuloma formation. Furthermore, judging from the disappearance of elastic fibers around the interstitial granuloma, we considered that IFN‐γ may induce the infiltration of histiocytes interstitially after damage of elastic fibers caused by nbUVB therapy, and both IFN‐γ and nbUVB may thus play an important role in the histogenesis. Not only histopathology but also immunological observations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of different types of granuloma in MF.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided antegrade procedures for managing bile duct stones in patients with surgically altered anatomy: Comparison with double‐balloon enteroscopy‐assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (with video)
Authors: Takasaki Yusuke , Ishii Shigeto , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Fujisawa Toshio , Ushio Mako , Takahashi Sho , Ito Koichi , Yamagata Wataru , Suzuki Akinori , Okahara Koki , Okawa Yoshihiro , Ochiai Kazushige , Tomishima Ko , Nomura Osamu , Haga Kenichi , Saito Hiroaki , Nagahara Akihito , Isayama Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

Background and Study AimManagement of bile duct stones (BDSs) in patients with surgically altered anatomies (SAAs) remains challenging. An endoscopic ultrasound‐guided antegrade (EUS‐AG) procedure and double‐balloon enteroscopy‐assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (DB‐ERC) have been used to remove BDSs from patients with SAAs. However, few comparative data have been reported. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of the techniques.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. Patients with SAA who underwent the EUS‐AG procedure or DB‐ERC to remove intra‐ or extra‐BDSs between November 2010 and March 2020 were included. The primary outcome was the technical success rate, defined as stent insertion or stone removal during the initial session. The secondary outcomes were the procedure time, incidence of adverse events (AEs), and complete stone removal rate.ResultsOf the 54 patients enrolled, 23 underwent the EUS‐AG procedure and 31 DB‐ERC. The technical success rates of EUS‐AG and DB‐ERC were 87.0% and 64.5%, respectively (P = 0.11). The procedure time was significantly shorter in the EUS‐AG group than in the DB‐ERC group (51.9 ± 15.4 vs 72.6 ± 32.2 min; P = 0.01), and the early AE rates were 26.1% and 12.9%, respectively (P = 0.71). The complete stone removal rates in patients who underwent previous stone removal were 94.1% in the EUS‐AG group and 85.7% in the DB‐ERC group (P = 0.61).ConclusionThe EUS‐AG afforded technical success and complete stone removal rates comparable with those of DB‐ERC, but the former procedure was shorter. The AE rate was acceptable.
The scientific productions in Iranian biomedical ethics: A combined study of bibliometrics and social network analysis
Authors: Mardani Amirhossein , Parsapoor Alireza , Asghari Fariba , Shamsi Gooshki Ehsan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims at increasing our understanding of the research activities of Iranian researchers and institutions in the field of biomedical ethics from 1995 to 2015. A combination of bibliometrics and social network analysis was used to examine the bibliographic data of 580 documents published on Iranian biomedical ethics in Web of Science and Scopus databases to investigate the publication trend, scientific impact, subject keywords network, and social network analysis indicators for international and cross‐institutional co‐authorship networks. The results showed that the publication of documents has had a consistent and increasing growth and that the citation trend has grown along with it. The analysis of thematic clusters by keyword co‐occurrence network shows that Iranian biomedical ethics research has dealt with various topics and that has introduced different research directions. Researchers from 28 countries were identified in the international collaboration network. The main partners of Iranian researchers were from the US (17.8%) and the UK (9.2%). However, there is a tendency to develop and complete cooperation with researchers from different countries. The cross‐institutional collaboration network comprises of 63 institutes, of which Tehran University of Medical Sciences (38%), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (11%) and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (7%) have the largest share in publishing documents. The superiority of the first two universities based on centralization indicators in the cross‐institutional collaboration network has caused the exchange of cross‐network knowledge between and via these players. The network density indicator shows that almost half of the co‐authorship links within the international collaboration network and 8% of the co‐authorship links within the cross‐institutional collaboration network have been implemented and that these networks are not very coherent.
Factors associated with autism spectrum disorder in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca A , Barton Sarah M , Harvey A Simon , Ure Alexandra M , Williams Katrina 
Published: January 2021

AimTo investigate associations between clinical factors and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), specifically seizures, electroencephalogram abnormalities, tubers and other neurostructural abnormalities, and genetic factors.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched until January 2019. Studies that considered the predefined factors for development of ASD in children with TSC were included, following PRISMA‐P guidelines. Two authors independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.ResultsForty‐two studies with 3542 children with TSC were included. ASD was associated with a history of seizures (odds ratio [OR] 3.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77–8.14), infantile spasms compared with other seizure types (OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.17–4.27), onset of any seizure type during infancy (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.08–6.54), and male sex (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.23–2.14). There was no association with tuber number, tuber location, or genotype.InterpretationWhile a causal link between seizures and ASD in children with TSC cannot be inferred, a strong association between seizures and ASD in children with TSC, particularly with seizure onset during infancy and specifically infantile spasms, is present. Children with TSC and infant‐onset seizures should be monitored for emerging features of ASD.
What this paper adds

Seizures and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) strongly associate in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Infant‐onset seizures and infantile spasms are particularly strongly associated with ASD in TSC.
Congenital anomalies in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy: an international data linkage study
Authors: Goldsmith Shona , McIntyre Sarah , Scott Heather , Himmelmann Kate , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Andersen Guro L , Blair Eve , Badawi Nadia , Garne Ester ,   The Comprehensive CA‐CP Study Group
Published: January 2021

AimTo describe the major congenital anomalies present in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP), and to compare clinical outcomes and cause of postneonatally acquired CP between children with and without anomalies.MethodData were linked between total population CP and congenital anomaly registers in five European and three Australian regions for children born 1991 to 2009 (n=468 children with postneonatally acquired CP; 255 males, 213 females). Data were pooled and children classified into mutually exclusive categories based on type of congenital anomaly. The proportion of children with congenital anomalies was calculated. Clinical outcomes and cause of postneonatally acquired CP were compared between children with and without anomalies.ResultsMajor congenital anomalies were reported in 25.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.7–29.9) of children with postneonatally acquired CP. Cardiac anomalies, often severe, were common and present in 14.5% of children with postneonatally acquired CP. Clinical outcomes were not more severe in children with congenital anomalies than those without anomalies. Cause of postneonatally acquired CP differed with the presence of congenital anomalies, with cerebrovascular accidents predominating in the anomaly group. Congenital anomalies were likely associated with cause of postneonatally acquired CP in 77% of children with anomalies.InterpretationIn this large, international study of children with postneonatally acquired CP, congenital anomalies (particularly cardiac anomalies) were common. Future research should determine specific causal pathways to postneonatally acquired CP that include congenital anomalies to identify opportunities for prevention.What this paper adds

One‐quarter of children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP) have a major congenital anomaly.

Cardiac anomalies, often severe, are the most common anomalies.

Causes of postneonatally acquired CP differ between children with and without congenital anomalies.
Non‐invasive assessment of temporal changes in myocardial microvascular function in persons with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls
Authors: Rasmussen Ida K. B. , Hasbak Philip , von Scholten Bernt J. , Laursen Jens C. , Zobel Emilie H. , Jorge Diaz Lars , Holmvang Lene , Ripa Rasmus S. , Rossing Peter , Kjaer Andreas , Hansen Tine W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac Rubidium‐82 (82Rb) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides a measure of the myocardial blood flow and the myocardial flow reserve, which reflects the function of both large epicardial arteries and the myocardial microcirculation. Knowledge on changes in the myocardial microvascular function over time is lacking.MethodsIn this cohort study, we recruited 60 persons with type 2 diabetes and 30 non‐diabetic controls, in 2013; all free of overt cardiovascular disease. All underwent a cardiac 82Rb PET/CT scan. In 2019, all survivors (n = 82) were invited for a repeated cardiac 82Rb PET/CT scan using the same protocol, and 29 with type 2 diabetes and 19 controls participated.ResultsMedian duration between visits was 6.2 years (IQR: 6.1–6.3). In the total cohort, the mean age was 66.4 years (SD: 9.3) and 33% were females.The myocardial flow reserve was lower in persons with type 2 diabetes compared to controls (p = 0.002) but there was no temporal change in the myocardial flow reserve in participants with type 2 diabetes: mean change: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.47 to 0.02) nor in controls: −0.12 (−0.49 to 0.25) or when comparing type 2 diabetes to controls: mean difference: −0.10 (95% CI: −0.52 to 0.31). The temporal reduction in stress‐induced myocardial blood flow did not differ within the groups but was more pronounced in type 2 diabetes compared to controls: mean difference: −0.30 (95% CI: −0.55 to −0.04).ConclusionThe myocardial microvascular function was impaired in persons with type 2 diabetes compared to controls but did not change significantly in either of the groups when evaluated over 6 years.
The Iliofemoral tortuosity score predicts access and bleeding complications during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Data from the VIenna Cardio Thoracic aOrtic valve registrY (VICTORY)
Authors: Mach Markus , Poschner Thomas , Hasan Waseem , Szalkiewicz Philipp , Andreas Martin , Winkler Bernhard , Geisler Stephanie , Geisler Daniela , Rudziński Piotr N. , Watzal Victoria , Strouhal Andreas , Adlbrecht Christopher , Delle‐Karth Georg , Grabenwöger Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundArterial tortuosity is linked to a higher risk of adverse clinical events after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF‐TAVR). Currently, there are no assessment tools that can quantify this variable in three‐dimensional space. This study investigated the impact of novel scoring methods of iliofemoral tortuosity on access and bleeding complications after TF‐TAVR.MethodsThe main access vessel was assessed between the aortoiliacal and femoral bifurcation in preoperative multislice computed tomography scans of 240 consecutive patients undergoing TF‐TAVR. Tortuosity was assessed by three methods: largest single angle, sum of all angles, and iliofemoral tortuosity (IFT) score [((true vessel length/ideal vessel length)‐1)*100]. The primary study endpoint was a composite of access and bleeding complications. The secondary study endpoints were 30‐day mortality and long‐term survival.ResultsAmong 240 patients, only the IFT score demonstrated a good positive correlation with the composite primary endpoint of access and bleeding complications (P = 0.031). A higher incidence of access and bleeding complications was found in patients with a higher IFT score (56 [36.8%] vs 17 [19.3%]; P = 0.003). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the IFT score was a significant predictor of the primary endpoint (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.09‐4.05; P = 0.026).ConclusionVascular tortuosity is an underestimated risk factor during TF‐TAVR. The IFT score is a valuable tool in risk stratification before TF‐TAVR, predicting periprocedural access and bleeding complications.
How does the financial market evaluate business models? Evidence from European banks
Authors: Venturelli Valeria , Landi Andrea , Ferretti Riccardo , Cosma Stefano , Gualandri Elisabetta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the way in which the financial market defines and evaluates different business models, using a sample of listed European banking groups from 2006 to 2015. The main findings suggest that the financial market seems to associate a better risk‐return trade‐off to non‐banking fees than to banking ones and that the performance of different business models varies depending on context conditions. In particular, in the current economic context, characterised by the combination of slow economic growth with historically low levels of interest rates, the market‐oriented business model tends to over‐perform. These findings have strategic implications for bank managers, regulators, and supervisors, due to the impact of the crises on banking business, profitability and risk and the new challenges they entail.