bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seesaw of Seasonal Precipitation Variability Between North China and the Southwest United States: A Response to Arctic Amplification
Authors: Dai Haijin , Zhao Jun , Yao Qiang , Zhang Xueyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurface albedo over the ice‐covered polar ocean is decreased in a highly idealized numerical experiment, which leads to stronger (weaker) warming at high (low) latitudes, and forms Arctic amplification. With stronger warming at both high and low latitudes, the meridional temperature gradient decreases (increases) at midlatitudes (subtropical regions). A cyclonic wind anomaly appears and results in a weak Kuroshio current and warm interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase. In response to Arctic‐amplified‐warming, the subtropical high weakens, leading to summer monsoon anomaly on its southside and increased westward transport of water vapor, resulting in a seesaw pattern: dry (wet) conditions in summer in North China (southwest United States, SWUS). In winter, the East Asian trough (North American high) decreases and induces decreased (increased) cold air transport to North China (SWUS) in response to Arctic‐amplified‐warming, which makes rain unlikely (likely) and exhibits a seesaw pattern. Moisture convergence always appears in a warmer SWUS winter, and increases precipitation there, which strengthens (counteracts) the precipitation anomaly led by the North American high in a warm (cold) interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase. It may even shut down the seesaw pattern in winter in the cold interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase.
Different Sensitivities of Earthquake‐Induced Water Level and Hydrogeological Property Variations in Two Aquifer Systems
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shi Zheming , Wang Guangcai , Yan Xin , Liu Chenglong , Sun Xiaolong , Ma Yuchuan , Wen Dongguang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetermining the factors that control the sensitivity of aquifer responses to earthquakes may provide insight into the interaction between hydrogeological and tectonic processes in the shallow crustal zone. Such response sensitivity varies randomly at the spatial scale and its determining factors have not been evaluated quantitatively and are still under debate. In this paper, we analyze seismically induced water level changes and then infer aquifer permeability changes following multiple earthquakes in two long‐term groundwater‐monitoring wells. While earthquake‐related water level changes were observed in one well, the second was insensitive to seismic events. These different seismic responses provide a unique opportunity to identify factors that control earthquake‐related changes. Wavelet transform, coupled with water level responses to tidal forcing, provides a methodology for comparing pre‐ and post‐seismic responses to periodic behavior. These methods found aquifer hydrogeological properties (e.g., transmissivity, storativity, degree of confinement) to be functions of their local hydrogeologic and tectonic settings. Key factors that may affect hydrogeological responses include the seismic energy arriving around the well, the degree of aquifer confinement, and the well location relative to local faults. Such factors favor seismic shaking and fracture unclogging, thus determining the sensitivity of hydrogeological responses to earthquakes. These findings are useful for designing wells for monitoring earthquakes, understanding earthquake‐inducing mechanisms, evaluating underground waste repositories, and estimating hydrogeological parameters using inversion.
DNA tetrahedron-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of PSA through a microfluidic electrochemical detection system
Authors: Feng Dezhi , Su Jing , Xu Yi , He Guifang , Wang Chenguang , Wang Xiao , Pan Tingrui , Ding Xianting , Mi Xianqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Existing methods for PSA detection are burdened with some limitations and require improvement. Herein, we developed a novel microfluidic–electrochemical (μFEC) detection system for PSA detection. First, we constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) with modification of gold nanoflowers (Au NFs) and DNA tetrahedron structural probes (TSPs), which showed great detection performance. Second, we fabricated microfluidic chips by DNA TSP-Au NF-modified SPEs and a PDMS layer with designed dense meandering microchannels. Finally, the μFEC detection system was achieved based on microfluidic chips integrated with the liquid automatic conveying unit and electrochemical detection platform. The μFEC system we developed acquired great detection performance for PSA detection in PBS solution. For PSA assays in spiked serum samples of the μFEC system, we obtained a linear dynamic range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a total reaction time <25 min. Real serum samples of prostate cancer patients presented a strong correlation between the “gold-standard” chemiluminescence assays and the μFEC system. In terms of operation procedure, cost, and reaction time, our method was superior to the current methods for PSA detection and shows great potential for practical clinical application in the future.
Two distinct subsets of LDGs (low density granulocytes) in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Endo Akiko , Komagata Yoshinori , Yamagishi Konomi , Kawashima Soko , Arimura Yoshihiro , Kaname Shinya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives and methods
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disorder that causes vasculitis in small blood vessels throughout the body. Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE and AAV, might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the characteristics of LDGs in patients with AAV. We assessed the number of whole white blood cells, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) productivity, proportion of cell surface markers (e.g. CD10), responses to immunosuppressants, and proteomics of LDGs in patients with AAV.

Results
We found more LDGs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with AAV than PBMCs of healthy controls (HCs) and confirmed that these LDGs in AAV produced more NETs than normal density granulocytes (NDGs) in HCs. We identified CD10-positive LDGs with mature neutrophil features and CD10-negative LDGs with immature granulocyte properties; the proportion of the two LDG types decreased and increased, respectively, in the patients during treatment. Proteomic analysis revealed that the two LDG groups shared protein expression that differed from those of NDGs.

Conclusion
We identified distinct CD10-positive and CD10-negative LDGs in patients with AAV. The roles of these LDGs in AAV pathology will require further investigation.
Clinical Correlates of Early-Onset Hypertension
Authors: Suvila Karri , Lima Joao A C , Cheng Susan , Niiranen Teemu J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Early-onset hypertension has been established as a heritable trait and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, the clinical correlates of early-onset hypertension remain unidentified.

METHODS
In this study, we assessed the demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors related to hypertension onset age in a sample of 3,286 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study participants (mean baseline age 25 ± 4 years, 57% women). We examined the association between the participants’ baseline characteristics and age of hypertension onset subgroups (&lt;35, 35‒44, or ≥45 years) using a multinomial logistic regression model with those who did not develop hypertension as the reference group. Hypertension onset was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use on 2 consecutively attended follow-up visits.

RESULTS
In the multinomial logistic regression model, individuals who were black (odds ratio [OR], 5.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.17–8.14), were more obese (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.32–1.88), or had higher total cholesterol (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13–1.60 per SD) had increased odds of early-onset hypertension (onset at &lt;35 years) vs. not developing hypertension. In contrast, 1-SD higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was related to decreased odds of early-onset hypertension (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57–0.89). The odds for having earlier hypertension onset increased linearly across age of onset categories in black individuals and individuals with lower HDL-cholesterol (P &lt; 0.05 for trend for both).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that individuals who are black, obese, have higher total cholesterol, or have lower HDL-cholesterol level, are potentially at an increased risk of having early-onset hypertension.
Interpretation of coronary steal syndrome and haemodynamic changes after surgical closure of coronary fistula using Doppler wire and computational fluid dynamics analysis: a case report
Authors: Lee Kwan Yong , Chang Kiyuk , Lee Joo Myung , Lee Sang-Wook 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronary arteriovenous fistulas (CAFs) are rare but can cause myocardial ischaemia and other complications. However, the haemodynamic and physiologic characteristics of significant CAFs requiring treatment are poorly described. We report a case of CAF causing coronary steal syndrome in which haemodynamic changes were assessed before and after surgical closure using a Doppler wire and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique.

Case summary
A 51-year-old woman presented with exertional chest pain for 3 years. Progressive dyspnoea occurred with exertion. Treadmill and cardiopulmonary exercise tests showed suspicious myocardial ischaemia. Coronary angiography and contrast-enhanced coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) revealed a coronary fistula arising from the distal left main coronary artery that drained into the pulmonary artery trunk. We observed a persistent coronary steal phenomenon at baseline and during hyperaemia and a systolic dominant flow rate pattern inside the CAF by Doppler wire-based flow rate measurement. According to CFD analysis based on CCTA, low wall shear stress and a high focal oscillatory shear index were observed at the ostial sites of aneurysmal sacs in the CAF. After successful surgical closure of the CAF, the vessel sizes and flow rate distributions of the coronary arteries increased.

Discussion
Doppler wire-based flow rate distribution measurements and CFD analysis may facilitate the identification of significant coronary steal syndrome requiring closure and the evaluation of future risks of life-threatening complications such as thrombosis and rupture.
Large-Scale Annotation and Evolution Analysis of MiRNA in Insects
Authors: Ma Xingzhou , He Kang , Shi Zhenmin , Li Meizhen , Li Fei , Chen Xue-Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInsects are among the most diverse and successful groups of animals and exhibit great morphological diversity and complexity. The innovation of wings and metamorphosis are some examples of the fascinating biological evolution of insects. Most microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to canalization by conferring robustness to gene networks and thus increase the heritability of important phenotypes. Though previous studies have demonstrated how miRNAs regulate important phenotypes, little is still known about miRNA evolution in insects. Here, we used both small RNA-seq data and homology searching methods to annotate the miRNA repertoires of 152 arthropod species, including 135 insects and 17 noninsect arthropods. We identified 16,212 miRNA genes, and classified them into highly conserved (62), insect-conserved (90), and lineage-specific (354) miRNA families. The phylogenetic relationship of miRNA binary presence/absence dynamics implies that homoplastic loss of conserved miRNA families tends to occur in far-related morphologically simplified taxa, including scale insects (Coccoidea) and twisted-wing insects (Strepsiptera), leading to inconsistent phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The common ancestor of Insecta shares 62 conserved miRNA families, of which five were rapidly gained in the early winged-insects (Pterygota). We also detected extensive miRNA losses in Paraneoptera that are correlated with morphological reduction, and miRNA gains in early Endopterygota around the time holometabolous metamorphosis appeared. This was followed by abundant miRNA gains in Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. In summary, we provide a comprehensive data set and a detailed evolutionary analysis of miRNAs in insects. These data will be important for future studies on miRNA functions associated with insect morphological innovation and trait biodiversity.
Androgen Receptor Modulates Multimodal Displays in the Bornean Rock Frog (Staurois parvus)
Authors: Smith Sarah M , Eigerman Amelia R , LeCure Kerry M , Kironde Eseza , Privett-Mendoza Auxenia Grace , Fuxjager Matthew J , Preininger Doris , Mangiamele Lisa A 
Published: April 2021

Synopsis
Multimodal communication is common in the animal kingdom. It occurs when animals display by stimulating two or more receiver sensory systems, and often arises when selection favors multiple ways to send messages to conspecifics. Mechanisms of multimodal display behavior are poorly understood, particularly with respect to how animals coordinate the production of different signals. One important question is whether all components in a multimodal display share an underlying physiological basis, or whether different components are regulated independently. We investigated the influence of androgen receptors (ARs) on the production of both visual and vocal signal components in the multimodal display repertoire of the Bornean rock frog (Staurois parvus). To assess the role of AR in signal production, we treated reproductively active adult males with the antiandrogen flutamide (FLUT) and measured the performance of each component signal in the multimodal display. Our results show that blocking AR inhibited the production of multiple visual signals, including a conspicuous visual signal known as the “foot flag,” which is produced by rotating the hind limb above the body. However, FLUT treatment caused no measurable change in vocal signaling behavior, or in the frequency or fine temporal properties of males’ calls. Our study, therefore, suggests that activation of AR is not a physiological prerequisite to the coordination of multiple signals, in that it either does not regulate all signaling behaviors in a male’s display repertoire or it does so only in a context-dependent manner.
Evolving factors influencing consumers’ attitudes towards the use of eHealth applications: implications on the future of Neom
Authors: Algumzi Areej 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Factors affecting the adoption and use of eHealth applications have been extensively researched from different perspectives in different regions. However, with the changing circumstances (e.g. the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic), new influencing factors might evolve and can influence the attitudes of consumers towards using eHealth applications. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the evolving factors affecting consumer attitudes towards the use of eHealth applications and provide implications for the future of Neom.

Methods
An online survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 976 eHealth consumers in Saudi Arabia, which included 527 male and 449 female participants. Findings were analysed using the statistical means and standard deviations for each item in the questionnaire to analyse the role of each factor in depth. Statistical t-tests were used to identify significant differences between the groups categorised by age and gender.

Results
‘Necessity but not interest’ (mean 4.5 [standard deviation {SD} 1.12]) and fear (mean 4.5 [SD 1.13]) and psychological factors including depression (mean 4.4 [SD 1.54]), stress (mean 4.2 [SD 1.09]) and anxiety (mean 4.3 [SD 1.61]) were identified to be major evolving influencing factors, while other factors including performance expectancy, ease of use, enjoyment and incentives were identified to be comparatively less influential.

Conclusions
Increasing adoption of eHealth mainly due to necessity but not out of interest can have serious implications for patients and the adoption of eHealth technologies in the future.
An HIV Primary Care Rotation Improved HIV and STI Knowledge, Enhanced Sexual History-Taking Skills, and Increased Interest in a Career in Infectious Diseases Among Medical Students and Residents
Authors: Marshall Austin A , Wooten Darcy A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rotations in HIV primary care clinics have the potential to teach trainees core competencies and influence their career pathway. We found that fund of knowledge, confidence in obtaining a sexual history, and interest in an Infectious Diseases career all increased following an HIV clinic rotation.
Effect of Exercise Involving Standing Weight Shifting to the Nonparetic Side on an Inclined Surface in the Early Phase After a Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Inoue Masahide , Amimoto Kazu , Chiba Yuya , Sekine Daisuke , Fukata Kazuhiro , Fujino Yuji , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Makita Shigeru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to clarify whether an exercise involving weight shifting to the nonparetic side while standing on an inclined surface improves standing balance in the early phase after stroke.

Methods
This assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial included people undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at a university hospital. Participants (N = 52) with hemiparesis caused by a stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 26) or control group (n = 26). Participants performed a weight-shifting exercise to the nonparetic side using a goal-directed reaching strategy while standing on an inclined surface that was elevated 5 degrees to the nonparetic side in the experimental group or a flat surface in the control group. The reaching exercise was conducted 30 times per day for 5 days. Primary outcome was the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes were the posturographic examination (static standing and lateral weight shifting to the nonparetic and paretic sides), Trunk Control Test, Trunk Impairment Scale, Functional Ambulation Category, and Functional Independent Measure motor item scores.

Results
Through intention-to-treat analysis, no significant intervention effects were observed between groups on the Berg Balance Scale. A significant intervention effect was observed, however, with the experimental group on the lateral weight shifting to the nonparetic side in the mean percentage bodyweight values and center-of-pressure moving distance and to the paretic side in center-of-pressure moving distance and Functional Ambulation Category. There were no significant interaction effects concerning other outcomes.

Conclusion
These results suggest that standing reaching exercises to the nonparetic side while standing on an inclined surface could improve lateral weight-shifting capacity and gait ability in participants in the early poststroke phase.

Impact
This intervention should be incorporated into standard treatment programs focusing on the paretic side during early stroke rehabilitation.
Novel biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes: an IMI RHAPSODY study
Authors: Slieker Roderick C , Donnelly Louise A , Lopez-Noriega Livia , Muniangi-Muhitu Hermine , Akalestou Elina , Sheikh Mahsa , Georgiadou Eleni , Giordano Giuseppe N. , Åkerlund Mikael , Ahlqvist Emma , Ali Ashfaq , Barovic Marko , Bouland Gerard A , Burdet Frédéric , Canouil Mickaël , Dragan Iulian , Elders Petra JM , Fernandez Celine , Festa Andreas , Fitipaldi Hugo , Froguel Phillippe , Gudmundsdottir Valborg , Gudnason Vilmundur , Gerl Mathias J. , van der Heijden Amber A , Jennings Lori L , Hansen Michael K. , Kim Min , Leclerc Isabelle , Klose Christian , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Aly Dina Mansour , Mehl Florence , Marek Diana , Melander Olle , Niknejad Anne , Ottosson Filip , Pavo Imre , Efanov Alexander , Duffin Kevin , Pullen Timothy J. , Simons Kai , Solimena Michele , Suvitaival Tommi , Wretlind Asger , Rossing Peter , Lyssenko Valeriya , Quigley Cristina Legido , Groop Leif , Thorens Bernard , Franks Paul W , Ibberson Mark , Beulens Joline WJ , ’t Hart Leen M , Pearson Ewan R , Rutter Guy A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe have deployed a multi-omics approach in large cohorts of patients with existing type 2 diabetes to identify biomarkers for disease progression across three molecular classes, metabolites, lipids and proteins. A Cox regression analysis for association with time to insulin requirement in 2,973 patients in the DCS, ANDIS and GoDARTS cohorts identified homocitrulline, isoleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid, as well as the bile acids glycocholic and taurocholic acids, as predictive of more rapid deterioration. Increased levels of eight triacylglycerol species, and lowered levels of the sphingomyelin SM 42:2;2 were also predictive of disease progression. Of ∼1,300 proteins examined in two cohorts, levels of GDF-15/MIC1, IL-18RA, CRELD1, NogoR, FAS, and ENPP7 were associated with faster progression, whilst SMAC/DIABLO, COTL1, SPOCK1 and HEMK2 predicted lower progression rates. Strikingly, identified proteins and lipids were also associated with diabetes incidence and prevalence in external replication cohorts. Implicating roles in disease compensation, NogoR/RTN4R improved glucose tolerance in high fat-fed mice and tended to improved insulin signalling in liver cells whilst IL-18R antagonised inflammatory IL-18 signalling towards nuclear factor kappa-B in vitro. Conversely, high NogoR levels led to islet cell apoptosis. This comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach thus identifies novel biomarkers with potential prognostic utility, provides evidence for new disease mechanisms, and identifies potential therapeutic avenues to slow diabetes progression.
Traumatic dislocation of the eye into the maxillary sinus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Vránová Kateřina , Chytilová Karin , Dobiáš Martin , Tvrdý Peter , Handlos Petr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraumatic dislocation of the eye is usually encountered in high‐energy injuries. These include traffic accidents, accidents at work, sporting accidents, falling from a height, impact of the hooves or horns of animals, gunshot injuries, and physical assault. Such incidents are accompanied by facial soft tissue damage and injuries to the facial skeleton, especially the orbit, and can be associated with varying degrees of dislocation of the eye. We describe a rare case of non‐fatal traumatic eye dislocation into the maxillary sinus, coupled with an orbital fracture resulting from a physical assault on a 63‐year‐old woman. The cause of death was asphyxiation due to manual strangulation and mechanical asphyxia. Even though dislocations of the eye are relatively rare, forensic pathologists should be aware of such injuries to correct assessment of injury mechanism. The available literature regarding eye dislocation is summarized, and the forensic issues applicable to the assessment of such cases are reviewed.
Uterine natural killer cells and recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Fu Yao‐Yao , Ren Chun‐E. , Qiao Peng‐Yun , Meng Yu‐Han 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), termed as two or more consecutive pregnancy loss is a great problem for some women of childbearing age. A large number of evidence confirm that there may be an immune background of RSA. As a member of the innate immune system, uterine natural killer (uNK) cells account for about 70% of total lymphocytes during pregnancy and play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review mainly introduces the phenotype, origin, receptor, and function of uNK cells to illuminate its relationship with RSA.