bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults’ pedagogical messages engender children's preference for self‐resembling others
Authors: Jordan Ashley E. , Wynn Karen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThese studies investigate the influence of adults’ explicit attention to commonalities of appearance on children's preference for individuals resembling themselves. Three findings emerged: (1) An adult's identification of two dolls’ respective similarity to and difference from the child led 3‐year‐olds to prefer the similar doll (study 1,n = 32). (2) When the adult did not comment on similarity, children age 6 years but not younger preferred physically similar individuals (study 2,n = 68), suggesting that a spontaneous preference for physically similar others does not emerge before school age. (3) Four‐ but not 3‐year‐olds generalized an adult's pedagogical cues about similarity, leading them to prefer a self‐resembling doll in a new context (study 3,n = 80). These findings collectively suggest that the preference for individuals resembling ourselves develops through a process of internalizing adults’ attention to, and messages about, similarities of appearance.
Predicting children's emerging understanding of numbers
Authors: Schröder Elin , Gredebäck Gustaf , Forssman Linda , Lindskog Marcus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow do children construct a concept of natural numbers? Past research addressing this question has mainly focused on understanding how children come to acquire the cardinality principle. However, at that point children already understand the first number words and have a rudimentary natural number concept in place. The question therefore remains; what gets children's number learning off the ground? We therefore, based on previous empirical and theoretical work, tested which factors predict the first stages of children's natural number understanding. We assessed if children's expressive vocabulary, visuospatial working memory, and ANS (Approximate number system) acuity at 18 months of age could predict their natural number knowledge at 2.5 years of age. We found that early expressive vocabulary and visuospatial working memory were important for later number knowledge. The results of the current study add to a growing body of literature showing the importance of language in children's learning about numbers.
2021 KLEIN LECTURE: AMERICAN DREAM DELAYED: SHIFTING DETERMINANTS OF HOMEOWNERSHIP
Authors: Khorunzhina Natalia , Miller Robert A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe develop and estimate a dynamic model of female labor supply, fertility, and transition from renting to first homeownership with panel data, to investigate declining U.S. homeownership over the past decades. Higher house prices and increased female wage rates (that is the opportunity cost of leisure) cause households to postpone their first‐home purchase, because leisure and fertility are complementary to homeownership. Education and female workforce participation are reinforcing factors that raise the value of owning a home. Our estimates show the effects of rising house prices and wage rates more than offset the effects of greater education and workforce participation.
Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on repair bond strength of 5‐year water‐aged and non‐aged CAD/CAM ceramics
Authors: Unalan Degirmenci Beyza , Degirmenci Alperen , Karadag Naldemir Beyza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the repair bond strength of three different 5‐year water‐aged and non‐aged computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics (leucite‐reinforced, lithium disilicate, and feldspathic ceramic) on which four different surface treatments (bur‐grinding, sandblasting, acid‐etching, and laser irradiation) have been applied with composite resin. Note that 360 ea. samples have been attained from CAD/CAM blocks. Each CAD/CAM ceramic has been randomly separated into two sub‐groups depending on aging procedure. The designed 5‐year water‐aged and non‐aged samples have been separated into four sub‐groups. Ceramic surfaces were repaired then the samples have been placed into shear test device. Three‐way variance analysis has been used in the comparison of the repair bond strengths depending on the ceramic type, surface treatment, and aging. Results have revealed that the repair bond strength values show differences depending on CAD/CAM ceramic type, surface treatment, and the aging of the surface (p < .001). While the aged and laser‐irradiated feldspathic CAD/CAM ceramics showing the highest shear bond strength, the lowest shear bond strength values were in aged and bur‐grinded feldspathic CAD/CAM ceramics. Irradiation with erbium chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has significantly increased the repair bond strength in leucite‐reinforced and feldspathic CAD/CAM ceramics, acid‐etching is suggested surface treatment for the lithium disilicate CAD/CAM ceramics.
Introduction – Des chaînes de valeur sous pression: continuité ou rupture pour la gouvernance du travail?
Authors: GEREFFI Gary , POSTHUMA Anne Caroline , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: December 2021

RésuméDepuis plusieurs décennies, les chaînes de valeur mondiales, qui organisent la production et les échanges au niveau international, impriment leur marque sur les conditions de travail et la gouvernance des questions sociales dans le monde. Cependant, diverses évolutions économiques, technologiques et politiques, et la crise du COVID‐19 maintenant, soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur cette gouvernance et l'avenir du travail dans l'économie mondialisée. Les articles rassemblés ici tentent d'y répondre, par des études de cas et des analyses comparatives et longitudinales, dans un recueil qui alimentera la réflexion sur le cadre de gouvernance à mettre en place pour organiser les chaînes de valeur de demain.
Strategies of universalism: Ten routes toward unbiased solutions to social problems
Authors: Shkurko Alexander V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUniversalism is a principle according to which a rule or a standard should be applied in social situations in the same way irrespective of the social attributes of those who are affected by this rule/standard. This normative claim collides with the fundamental mechanisms of social cognition, which underlie social biases, prejudice, and discrimination. Social biases are the main source of violation from the universalism principle across various domains of human life: evaluations, judgments, decision‐making, problem‐solving, social interaction, among others. Whereas normative universalism is a moral principle, the present study asks how it can be realised in practice. The study identifies three broad classes of such strategies. The first one targets individuals' cognitive and psychological traits, which give rise to social biases and include intergroup contact, social cognitive strategy, reappraisal, motivational strategy, and bias control. The second class targets the situation and includes three strategies: disengagement, randomisation, and counterbalancing biases by aggregation. The third class includes two strategies, which rely on technological solutions: automation and neural administration. The study describes the core idea and main problems of each strategy and discusses how the choice of a strategy depends on the context and the task, which requires a universal solution.
The effects of decision timing for pricing and marketing efforts in a supply chain with competing manufacturers
Authors: Karray Salma , Martín‐Herrán Guiomar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of decision timing for pricing and marketing efforts in a supply chain led by competing manufacturers. We develop and solve six games to consider the scenarios (games) where prices and marketing efforts (ME) are decided simultaneously, and when they are not (i.e., ME is set either before or after prices). We examine these three scenarios for the benchmark case of a bilateral monopolistic channel, then extend the analysis to a supply chain with competing manufacturers. We identify the optimal decision timing by comparing equilibrium profits and strategies across games in each supply chain setup. We find that a monopolistic manufacturer always prefers that prices and ME be decided simultaneously. However, this result does not hold when product competition is taken into account. The optimal decision timing for competing manufacturers depends on the retailer's and manufacturers' ME effectiveness levels as well as on competition intensity. Specifically, when ME are not very effective, a simultaneous decision scenario is preferred because it provides the advantage of higher profit margins or sales. However, for highly effective ME, manufacturers prefer to decouple ME and pricing decisions. The retailer's optimal scenario is either to make all decisions simultaneously or to choose prices prior to ME. This means that supply chain firms can face conflict due to the decision timing for prices and ME.
The pattern of linkage disequilibrium in Dual‐Purpose Belgian Blue cattle
Authors: Atashi Hadi , Wilmot Hélène , Gengler Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantifying the level of linkage disequilibrium (LD), non‐random association of alleles at two or more loci, is important to determine the number of markers needed for genomic selection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent of LD in Dual‐Purpose Belgian Blue (DPBB) and to compare the level of LD in DPBB with that of Walloon Holstein. Data of 28,427 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), located on 29 Bos taurus autosomes (BTA), of 639 DPBB and 398 Holstein bulls were used. The level of LD between pairwise SNPs separated by up to 10 Mb was evaluated, separately for each breed, using the squared correlation of the alleles at two loci. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the percentage of variation within populations (85.48%) was higher than between populations (14.52%). However, permutation tests showed a significant genetic differentiation between the two studied populations (p < .01). The average LD found between adjacent SNP pairs in DPBB (0.16 (SD = 0.22)) was generally lower than in Holstein (0.23 (SD = 0.27)). The proportion of SNPs in useful LD (r2 > 0.30) within a genomic distance of ≤0.10 Mb between SNPs was 18.58% and 28.23% in DPBB and Holstein bulls, respectively. In both breeds, the effective population size decreased over generations; however, the decline was greater in DPBB than that in Holstein. Based on results, it can be concluded that at least 68,000 SNPs are needed for implementing genomic selection in DPBB cattle with enough accuracy.
The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation*
Authors: Bokhorst David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether and how the European Semester has influenced structural reforms in member states. It does so by analysing the interaction between the Commission and the national bureaucratic and political levels. The paper presents two process‐tracing exercises with a focus on those actors that directly worked with the CSRs to assess the political dynamics underpinning the CSR implementation process. First, it examines the more nuanced and indirect effects the Semester had on the liberalization of professions in Italy. Second, it shows how the debate on wage indexation in Belgium turned around over the years and how the Semester was an important factor in introducing reform. The analysis shows the influence of the Semester in terms of issue salience and agenda setting, but it also shows how the Commission can exert real pressure. This pressure may in turn affect the EU's perceived legitimacy, which holds lessons for the Semester's post‐pandemic transformation.
Walking the Tightrope: Politicization and the Commission's Enforcement of the SGP*
Authors: van der Veer Reinout Arthur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent research indicates that bottom‐up EU politicization shapes top‐down EU policy enforcement, yet leaves open questions on the pervasiveness of these effects in policy areas that are depoliticized by design. This contribution asks how societal EU politicization shaped the enforcement of the Stability and Growth Pact up until its COVID‐19‐induced suspension. It employs causal process‐tracing to analyse fiscal rule enforcement under varying levels and constellations of EU politicization. Results indicate that enforcement by the European Commission is shaped both by mandate and exogenous pressures created by politicization and the reputational concerns they induce. Moreover, politicization has gradually pushed the Commission towards increasingly flexible enforcement of EU fiscal rules. These conclusions are relevant because they show that politicization permeates even the most depoliticized areas of EU policy. Additionally, they suggest that the SGP's COVID‐19‐induced suspension can be understood as a continuation of existing enforcement strategies.
The Impact of Engagement on Child Welfare Families Involved with Family Treatment Drug Courts
Authors: Logsdon Ashley R. , Antle Becky F. , Katz Rebecca S. , Barbee Anita P. , Kamer Cindy , Spriggs Amy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamily Treatment Drug Courts are multidisciplinary teams that engage child welfare families in substance use treatment and reunification court services. This quasi‐experimental study evaluates the impact of engagement strategies with 36 participants. Participants experienced high levels of engagement with the court, child welfare workers, and their clinical providers. There were significant differences in engagement by race as well. Participants who successfully graduated the program had higher rates of engagement compared to those who dropped out. This study demonstrates the importance of measuring engagement with multiple providers for client success. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Is Civility Dead? Judges’ Perceptions of Incivility in the Courtroom
Authors: Russell Kristan N. , Edwards Charles P. , Miller Monica K. , Jackson Brielle K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn response to The National Judicial College’s Question of the Month (n=831) in April 2018, almost 45% of judges reported that civility was declining in their courtrooms. A content analysis of judges’ comments revealed that judges experience a broad range of incivility including uncivil behavior, speech, and self‐presentation. Similarly, the sources of incivility appear to come from a variety of individuals including members of the public, defendants/plaintiffs, self‐represented litigants, attorneys, and other judges. These findings shed light on potential causes of incivility and can help legal practitioners and psychologists determine “best practices” for managing courtroom‐specific workplace incivility.
An integrated optical waveguide micro‐cantilever system for chip‐based AFM
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Fan Guofang , Zhang Hongru , Dai Xingang , Hu Yanjun , Zhang Zhiping , Li Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn optical waveguide cantilever system with a tip is introduced as the displacement detection system of chip‐based atomic force microscopy (AFM) system. A chip‐based AFM on optical waveguide is demonstrated with sensitivity of up to 4.0 × 10–2 nm–1, which is mainly constructed by a 210 nm thick optical waveguide cantilever with a nano‐tip. The nano‐tip is a height of 1.2 μm and diameter of 140 nm. This integrated on‐chip system provides a displacement range of approximately ±0.4 μm, which makes it possible for the device to be used for AFM imaging and pays the way for further performance improvement.
Evaluation of facial skin age based on biophysical properties in vivo
Authors: Cho Changhui , Lee Eunyoung , Park Gyeonghun , Cho Eunbyul , Kim Nahee , Shin Juhee , Woo Sanga , Ha Jaehyoun , Hwang Jaesung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe evaluation of skin age, reflecting overall facial characteristics, has not been established. Previous studies focused on visual assessment or individual‐specific feature such as wrinkles or skin color. We studied the evaluation model of skin age index (SAI) including the overall aging features including wrinkles, skin color, pigmentation, elasticity, and hydration.MethodsTotal 300 healthy women aged between 20 and 69 years included in this study. Pearson correlation analysis performed to identify the key factors among the biophysical properties with aging and developed the prediction model of SAI. Statistical regression analysis and machine learning technique applied to build the prediction model using the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Validation study of the SAI model performed on 24 women for 6 weeks application with anti‐aging product.ResultsPrediction model of SAI consisted of skin elasticity, wrinkles, skin color (brightness, Pigmented spot, and Uv spot), and hydration, which are major features for aging. The cforest model to assess a SAI using machine learning identified the highest R2 and lowest RMSE compared to other models, such as svmRadial, gaussprRadial, blackboost, rpart, and statistical regression formula. The cforest prediction model confirmed a significant decrease of predicted SAI after 6 weeks of application of anti‐aging product.ConclusionWe developed a prediction model to evaluate a SAI using machine learning, and led to accurate predicted age for overall clinical aging. This model can a good standard index for evaluating facial skin aging and anti‐aging products.
Critical thinking among clinical nurses and related factors: A survey study in public hospitals
Authors: Urhan Eylül , Zuriguel‐Perez Esperanza , Harmancı Seren Arzu Kader 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study investigated clinical nurses’ critical thinking levels in public hospitals and related factors.BackgroundSince health care environments have become more complex, the critical thinking skills of clinical nurses are more important in daily problem‐solving and decision‐making processes. However, little research was conducted on this topic among clinical nurses.MethodsIt was a cross‐sectional study at five public hospitals between December 2018 and January 2019. The study followed the STROBE guideline. Data were collected from 559 nurses by a survey consisted of a data form and the Turkish version of the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire.ResultsNurses’ mean critical thinking scores were moderate level. Total critical thinking scores of the clinical nurses significantly differed according to education, hospital type, shift work, professional category and role. There was a significant effect on the total critical thinking scores of the clinical nurses according to variables.ConclusionThis study found that critical thinking levels of nurses’ working in clinical settings in public hospitals were moderate level. Hospital type, shift work, professional and educational level and role were significantly associated with clinical nurses’ critical thinking levels.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides evidence related to the levels of critical thinking of clinical nurses working in public hospitals. Since the critical thinking scores of the manager nurses, daytime working nurses’ and nurses with bachelor's and master's degree education are higher, hospital managers may benefit from the study to implement effective strategies to improve the competence of critical thinking levels of nurses.
Monetary policy, prudential policy and bank's risk‐taking: A literature review
Authors: Ngambou Djatche Melchisedek Joslem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pre‐crisis low‐interest‐rate environment is raising concerns among researchers and policymakers about its impact on the triangle prudential policy‐monetary policy‐bank's risk‐taking. While interest rates are set at low level for inflationary and economic growth reasons, they may lead banks to take more risk, jeopardizing the financial system and impeding the recovery. This paper provides a literature review, on the one hand, on the interaction of monetary and prudential policies through their impacts on bank's risk‐taking, and on the other hand, on the issues of their coordination. Monetary policy appears to have ambiguous effects on banks’ profitability, and then, on banks’ risk‐taking behavior. Despite monetary and prudential policies pursue different objectives, they inevitably interact, raising challenges that face policymakers. Albeit it is argued that monetary policy alone is not sufficient to maintain macroeconomic and financial stability, and that it should be coordinated with prudential policy, the form of this coordination is not clear‐cut.
Association of deep white matter hyperintensity with left ventricular hypertrophy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nagaraja Nandakumar , Farooqui Amreen , Albayram Mehmet S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). It is unclear if periventricular WMH (PV‐WMH) and or deep WMH (D‐WMH) are associated with LVH. We evaluated the association of PV‐WMH and D‐WMH with common transthoracic echocardiogram abnormalities, including LVH in acute ischemic stroke.MethodsPV‐WMH and D‐WMH were graded on a 0‐3 score based on the Fazekas scale. Patients were categorized into clinically significant PV‐WMH and D‐WMH (score 2‐3) and controls (score 0‐1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine abnormalities on echocardiogram associated with PV‐WMH and D‐WMH.ResultsAmong 272 patients, 137 patients had PV‐WMH and 93 patients had D‐WMH with a score of 2‐3 on Fazekas scale. Compared to controls, patients with PV‐WMH (mean age±standard deviation: 60.8±14.4 vs. 73.8±11.2 years) and D‐WMH (63.4±14.4 vs. 75.0±11.1 years) were older. Compared to controls, PV‐WMH was associated with history of stroke (22 [16%] vs. 37 [27%], p = .03) and valvular calcification (33 [24%] vs. 61 [45%], p = .0005); D‐WMH was associated with history of atrial fibrillation (25 [14%] vs. 22 [24%], p = .04), valvular calcification (50 [28%] vs. 44 [47%], p = .001), and LVH (30 [17%] vs. 25 [27%], p = .049). In multivariate analysis, PV‐WMH was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06‐1.12) and stroke history (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1‐4.1), and D‐WMH was associated with age (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.10) and LVH (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0‐4.0).ConclusionLVH is associated with D‐WMH but not with PV‐WMH. Although valvular calcification is common, it is likely age related than due to WMH.