bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Knee Symptoms, Radiographic, and Symptomatic Osteoarthritis at Four Time Points: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, 1999‐2018
Authors: Nelson Amanda E. , Hu David , Arbeeva Liubov , Alvarez Carolina , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Schwartz Todd A. , Murphy Louise B. , Helmick Charles G. , Callahan Leigh F. , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. , Golightly Yvonne M. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo describe point prevalence of knee symptoms, radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA), severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA at four time points in the longitudinal, population‐based Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (JoCo OA).MethodsData were from 2573 JoCo OA participants with up to 18 years of follow‐up (1999‐2018) and standardized fixed‐flexion knee radiographs read by a single, reliable expert musculoskeletal radiologist. The four outcomes were 1) self‐reported knee symptoms, defined by “On most days, do you have pain, aching, or stiffness in your right/left knee?”; 2) rKOA, defined as a Kellgren‐Lawrence grade (KLG) of 2 to 4); 3) severe rKOA, defined as a KLG of 3 or 4; and 4) symptomatic rKOA, defined as both symptoms and rKOA in the same joint. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated overall and by age group, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsMost recently (2017‐2018, T4), the overall prevalence (percentage) of knee symptoms, rKOA, severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA was 41% (95% CI: 35‐47%), 61% (95% CI: 56‐67%), 35% (95% CI: 30‐40%), and 30% (95% CI: 24‐35%), respectively. From time point T1 to T4, prevalence increased for rKOA, severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA but not for knee symptoms. The prevalence of both severe rKOA (17‐39%) and symptomatic rKOA (23‐30%) was consistently higher among women. The prevalence of all outcomes was higher among those with higher BMI and among Black participants at all time points, particularly rKOA (35‐69%) and severe rKOA (22‐46%).ConclusionThese updated estimates demonstrate a large and increasing burden of knee OA, particularly among women and Black individuals.
Prescription Opioids Higher Among Knee Arthroplasty Recipients Randomized to Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Naylor Justine M. , Buhagiar Mark , Johns Nathan , Penm Jonathan , Adie Sam , Harris Ian A. , Xuan Wei 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether the purchase of prescription opioids was lower among people randomized to inpatient rehabilitation (IR) compared with those discharged directly home following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodA secondary analysis of a previous clinical trial in which participants were randomized 3 to 5 days after ‐surgery to 10 days of IR and a home program or to a home program alone. The primary outcome for this secondary analysis was the purchase of opioid‐based pain relief up to 10‐weeks after surgery, which was captured via patient diaries. Between‐group differences were analyzed using a χ2 test and relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). We report this outcome alongside the main outcomes observed at 10 weeks for the original study (6‐minute walk test, index joint pain, and function) for context.ResultsAt 10 weeks, 158 participants were available for follow‐up; 120 (76%) provided diaries, with 113 providing generic or brand names for the pain relief purchased. In the IR group, 60% (33/55) reported the purchase of opioid‐based medications after discharge compared with 34% (20/58) in the home group (χ2 = 7.4; P = 0.007); thus, the risk of purchasing opioids for those in the IR group was almost double (RR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1‐2.6]). No significant or meaningful between‐group differences in index joint pain, function, or mobility were observed.ConclusionContrary to what was hypothesized, IR is a strong driver of opioid purchase after discharge from the hospital following TKA.
Thermoresponsive Hydrogels as Microniches for Growth and Controlled Release of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Liang Wanjun , Bhatia Sumati , Reisbeck Felix , Zhong Yinan , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Li Wenzhong , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recently emerging stem‐cell artificial niche engineering in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) 3D cultures has provided enormous opportunities to fully utilize the potential of these cells in biomedical applications. Although a fully chemically defined niche environment can supply cells with desirable safety for clinical use, establishing an artificial degradable niche environment for the controlled release of proliferated cells under mild conditions is still a big challenge. Here, an advanced controlled releasable iPSC 3D artificial niche is reported based on dendritic polyglycerol and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐polyethylene glycol polymers via a physical–chemical cogelation strategy. Benefiting from the chemically defined synthetic materials and their precise cooperation by covalent cross‐linking and physical phase transition, the cogelation‐based artificial niche system can be adjusted with optimal parameters and owns high cell biocompatibility to support the robust production of high quality iPSCs with an excellent expansion efficiency. Moreover, the expanded cells can be released out of their niche environment controllably only by adjusting the temperature. Overall, this controlled release hydrogel scaffold shows great promise in iPSC 3D culture for downstream applications.
Foliar Delivery of siRNA Particles for Treating Viral Infections in Agricultural Grapevines
Authors: Avital Aviram , Muzika Noy Sadot , Persky Zohar , Bar Gili , Michaeli Yuval , Fridman Yulia , Karny Avishai , Shklover Jeny , Shainsky Janna , Savaldi‐Goldstein Sigal , Weissman Haim , Shoseyov Oded , Schroeder Avi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a globally spreading viral infection that causes major economic losses by reducing crop yield, plant longevity, and berry quality, with no effective treatment. Grapevine leafroll associated virus‐3 (GLRaV‐3) is the most severe, prevalent GLD strain affecting wine production. Here, the ability of RNA interference (RNAi), a non‐GMO gene‐silencing pathway, to treat GLRaV‐3 in infected Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines is evaluated. Lipid‐modified polyethylenimine (lmPEI) is synthesized as the carrier for long double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA, 250‐bp‐long) that targets RNA polymerase and coat protein is a gene target that are conserved in the GLRaV‐3 genome. Self‐assembled dsRNA–lmPEI particles, 220 nm in diameter, display inner ordered domains spaced 7.3 ± 2 nm from one another, correlating to lmPEI wrapping spirally around the dsRNA. The particles effectively protect RNA from degradation by ribonucleases and show to increase uptake rate into plant cells as a result of the lipid component comprising the RNA carrier. In three field experiments, a single dose of foliar sprayed treatment of the RNA‐particles knocks down GLRaV‐3 titer, and multiple doses of the treatment keep the viral titer at baseline and trigger recovery of the vine and berries. This study demonstrates RNAi as a promising platform for treating viral diseases in agriculture.
Chemical Pressure Boost Record‐High Superconductivity in van der Waals Materials FeSe1−xSx
Authors: Sun Ruijin , Jin Shifeng , Deng Jun , Hao Munan , Zhong Xin , Ma Yuxin , Li Mingxing , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh pressure has become a powerful platform for creating and controlling novel states of matter, including high temperature (Tc) superconductivity. However, the emergent phenomena generally disappear as high pressure is removed and cloud prospects for future applications. Here, from a distinguishing perspective, FeSe1−xSx is reported as 2D van der Waals materials with extraordinary high‐Tc at ambient pressure, where the superconductivity is boosted by extreme “chemical pressure” inside the materials. Superior to external high pressure, isovalent S substitution in FeSe leads to a much greater compression rate within the superconducting iron‐chalcogenide layer, which guarantees an unabridged superconducting dome that peaked at 37.5 K. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the decreased lattice and structural parameters contribute together for the shift of Fe 3dx2−y2 orbital, which creates a new hole‐pocket at the Fermi level that intimately correlated with the enhanced superconductivity. This study demonstrates the design of materials with optimized superconductivity by introducing chemical pressure.
Rational Design of a Trifunctional Binder for Hard Carbon Anodes Showing High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Superior Rate Capability for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Ji‐Li , Lu An‐Hui , Yu Xiao‐Fei , Li Wen‐Cui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHard carbon (HC) has emerged as a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), whereas it suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor rate capability. Binders endowed with high electron/ion transport and strong mechanical integrity are expected to boost the practical application of HC anodes, which cannot be realized via the functional design of commercially available binders. Herein, a trifunctional sodium alginate (SA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) binder with massive hydrophilic functional groups and abundant Na+ is synthesized via a feasible esterification reaction. The binder forms a passivation film on glucose‐derived carbon (GC) to suppress the electrolyte decomposition and offer stronger adhesion strength. Furthermore, the sluggish Na+ conduction is improved via sufficient ionic transfer channels provided by PEO. Notably, effects of Na+ compensation and interfacial ionic transport of Na+‐containing binder for HC anodes are revealed. Therefore, the SA/PEO binder for the GC anode delivers a high ICE up to 87% and a high capacity of 270 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, both 10% and 80 mA h g−1 higher than that of poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder, respectively. Significantly, this SA/PEO binder can also be applied to coal‐based and polymer‐based carbon anodes, exhibiting universal applicability.
Systematic Efficiency Improvement for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells By Double Cation Incorporation with Cd and Ge
Authors: He Mingrui , Huang Jialiang , Li Jianjun , Jang Jun Sung , Suryawanshi Umesh P. , Yan Chang , Sun Kaiwen , Cong Jialin , Zhang Yu , Kampwerth Henner , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Kim Jinhyeok , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cell is known to be severely limited by the nonradiative recombination near the heterojunction interface and within the bulk of the CZTSSe absorber resulting from abundant recombination centers and limited carrier collection efficiency. Herein, nonradiative recombination is simultaneously reduced by incorporating small amounts of Ge and Cd into the CZTSSe absorber. Incorporation of Ge effectively increases the p‐type doping, thus successfully improving the bulk conductance and reducing the recombination in the CZTSSe bulk via enhanced quasi‐Fermi level splitting, while the incorporation of Cd greatly reduces defects near the junction region, enabling larger depletion region width and better carrier collection efficiency. The combined effects of Cd and Ge incorporation give rise to systematic improvement in open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF), enabling a high conversion efficiency of 11.6%. This study highlights the multiple cation incorporation strategy for systematically manipulating the opto‐electronic properties of kesterite materials, which may also be applicable to other semiconductors.
3D Printed Micro‐Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: From Design to Integration
Authors: Zhang Wen , Liu Huaizhi , Zhang Xianan , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Guanhua , Cao Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the continuous development and implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the growing demand for portable, flexible, wearable self‐powered electronic systems significantly promotes the development of micro‐electrochemical energy storage devices (MEESDs), such as micro‐batteries (MBs) and micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). By overcoming the limitations of traditional fabrication processes, 3D printing techniques have been attracting much attention in recent years. Theoretically, 3D printing technologies can manufacture any customized arbitrary geometry and structure of electrodes and other components by fast prototyping at a relatively low cost to achieve desirable electrochemical performance and simplified integration. To that end, a comprehensive review of recent progress on the applications of 3D printing in MEESDs is presented herein. Emphasis is given to the generally classified seven types of 3D printing techniques (their working principle, process control, resolution, advantages, and disadvantages), their applications to fabricate electrodes, and other components with different configurations. Finally, the integration of other electronics into MEESDs and a future perspective on the research and development direction in this important field are further discussed.
Sb3+‐Doping in Cesium Zinc Halides Single Crystals Enabling High‐Efficiency Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Su Binbin , Li Mingze , Song Enhai , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuminescent metal halide materials with flexible crystallography/electronic structures and tunable emission have demonstrated broad application prospects in the visible light region. However, designing near‐infrared (NIR) light‐emitting metal halides remains a challenge. Here, an enlightening prototype is proposed to explore the high‐efficiency broadband NIR emission in metal halide systems by incorporating Sb3+ into the Cs2ZnCl4 matrix. Combined experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal a modified self‐trapped excitons model to elaborate the NIR emission. The high photoluminescence quantum yield of 69.9% peaking at 745 nm and large full width at half maximum of 175 nm, along with excellent air/thermal stability, show the unique advantages of lead‐free metal halide Cs2ZnCl4:Sb3+ as the NIR light source. The substitution of Cl− by Br− further enables the red‐shift of emission peak from 745 to 823 nm. The NIR light‐emitting diode device based on Cs2ZnCl4:Sb3+ demonstrates potential as a non‐visible light source in night vision. This study puts forward an effective strategy to design the novel eco‐friendly and high‐efficiency NIR emissive materials and provides guidance for expanding the application scope of luminescent metal halides.
Skin‐Inspired High‐Performance Active‐Matrix Circuitry for Multimodal User‐Interaction
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wei Zheng , Li Zhongyi , Yu Jinran , Tang Jian , Zhang Guangyu , Wang Zhonglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial electronic skin (e‐skin), a network of mechanically flexible sensors which can wrap irregular surfaces conformally and quantify various stimuli sensitively, is potentially useful in healthcare monitoring and human‐machine interaction (HMI). Although various approaches have mimicked the structures and functions of the human skin, challenges remain with high‐density integration, super sensitivity, and multi‐functionality. A multimodal and comfortable skin‐inspired active‐matrix circuitry is reported here with high pixel density (>100 cm–2) based on all 2D materials, which exhibits excellent performance to detect both mechanical interactions and humidity variations. The ultra‐high sensitivity (>400 and ≈ 104 for strain and humidity sensing, respectively), long‐term stability (>1000 cycles), and rapid response time for every pixel can fulfill simultaneous multi‐stimulus sensing. Accordingly, a respiratory monitor is constructed to realize healthcare monitoring through observing the human breath frequency, intensity, and humidity in real‐time. Moreover, the multimodal e‐skin breaks through shackles of the contact sensor medium for HMI. 3D strain and humidity spatial mapping can reflect object location information even without contact, avoiding cross‐infection of viruses effectively between users during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The reported e‐skin will broaden applications for future healthcare and human–machine interactive devices.
Materials with Electroprogrammable Stiffness
Authors: Levine David J. , Turner Kevin T. , Pikul James H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStiffness is a mechanical property of vital importance to any material system and is typically considered a static quantity. Recent work, however, has shown that novel materials with programmable stiffness can enhance the performance and simplify the design of engineered systems, such as morphing wings, robotic grippers, and wearable exoskeletons. For many of these applications, the ability to program stiffness with electrical activation is advantageous because of the natural compatibility with electrical sensing, control, and power networks ubiquitous in autonomous machines and robots. The numerous applications for materials with electrically driven stiffness modulation has driven a rapid increase in the number of publications in this field. Here, a comprehensive review of the available materials that realize electroprogrammable stiffness is provided, showing that all current approaches can be categorized as using electrostatics or electrically activated phase changes, and summarizing the advantages, limitations, and applications of these materials. Finally, a perspective identifies state‐of‐the‐art trends and an outlook of future opportunities for the development and use of materials with electroprogrammable stiffness.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator‐Based Sensor Systems for Chemical or Biological Detection
Authors: Zhou Qitao , Pan Jing , Deng Shujun , Xia Fan , Kim Taesung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rapid advances in the Internet of things and wearable devices have created a massive platform for sensor systems that detect chemical or biological agents. The accelerated development of these devices in recent years has simultaneously aggravated the power supply problems. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a thriving renewable energy technology with the potential to revolutionize this field. In this review, the significance of TENG‐based sensor systems in chemical or biological detection from the perspective of the development of power supply for biochemical sensors is discussed. Further, a range of TENGs are classified according to their roles as power supplies and/or self‐powered active sensors. The TENG powered sensor systems are further discussed on the basis of their framework and applications. The working principles and structures of different TENG‐based self‐powered active sensors are presented, along with the classification of the sensors based on these factors. In addition, some representative applications are introduced, and the corresponding challenges are discussed. Finally, some perspectives for the future innovations of TENG‐based sensor systems for chemical/biological detection are discussed.
Sub‐Picosecond Nanodiodes for Low‐Power Ultrafast Electronics
Authors: Li Nannan , Zhang Binglei , He Yue , Luo Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe tradeoff between ultrahigh speed and low power is a dominant challenge in continuously improving modern electronics. Fundamental electronic devices with ultrafast response are highly desired in low‐power electronics. However, conventional semiconductor electronic devices now near the speed limit from the physical roadblocks including short‐channel effect, restricted carrier velocity, and heat death. Currently emerging electronic devices also face formidable difficulties to achieve high‐speed performance at low operating voltage without heat disturbance. Here, a novel fabricated coplanar tip‐to‐edge semiconductor‐free nanostructure with asymmetric sub‐10 nm air channel is reported, stimulating electric‐field accelerated scattering‐free transport of electrons and resulting in ultrafast response of record sub‐picoseconds at a low turn‐on voltage around 0.7 V. Simulation results show a typical electrical response down to 64 fs, which is ≈103 times faster than that of conventional semiconductor electronic devices. The coplanar asymmetric nanostructure allows a high rectifying ratio up to 106 which is superior to that of the most promising 2D semiconducting nanodiodes. In addition, heat death is overcome due to the inherent advantages from the novel nanostructure and underlying working mechanism. The intriguing nanodiodes will attract broadly interests in electronics due to their potential as rudimentary building blocks in ultrafast electronic integrated circuits.
Facet‐Oriented Coupling Enables Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors
Authors: Biondi Margherita , Choi Min‐Jae , Wang Zhibo , Wei Mingyang , Lee Seungjin , Choubisa Hitarth , Sagar Laxmi Kishore , Sun Bin , Baek Se‐Woong , Chen Bin , Todorović Petar , Najarian Amin Morteza , Sedighian Rasouli Armin , Nam Dae‐Hyun , Vafaie Maral , Li Yuguang C. , Bertens Koen , Hoogland Sjoerd , Voznyy Oleksandr , García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCharge carrier transport in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids is strongly influenced by coupling among CQDs. The shape of as‐synthesized CQDs results in random orientational relationships among facets in CQD solids, and this limits the CQD coupling strength and the resultant performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, colloidal‐phase reconstruction of CQD surfaces, which improves facet alignment in CQD solids, is reported. This strategy enables control over CQD faceting and allows demonstration of enhanced coupling in CQD solids. The approach utilizes post‐synthetic resurfacing and unites surface passivation and colloidal stability with a propensity for dots to couple via (100):(100) facets, enabling increased hole mobility. Experimentally, the CQD solids exhibit a 10× increase in measured hole mobility compared to control CQD solids, and enable photodiodes (PDs) exhibiting 70% external quantum efficiency (vs 45% for control devices) and specific detectivity, D* > 1012 Jones, each at 1550 nm. The photodetectors feature a 7 ns response time for a 0.01 mm2 area—the fastest reported for solution‐processed short‐wavelength infrared PDs.
Self‐Assembly of 0D–2D Heterostructure Electrocatalyst from MOF and MXene for Boosted Lithium Polysulfide Conversion Reaction
Authors: Ye Zhengqing , Jiang Ying , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design of nanostructured electrocatalysts with high activity and long‐term durability for the sluggish lithium polysulfide (LiPS) conversion reaction is essential for the development of high‐performance lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Here, the self‐assembly of bimetallic selenides on nitrogen‐doped MXene (CoZn‐Se@N‐MX) based on the self‐assembly of metal–organic framework and MXene is reported. A combination of 0D CoZn‐Se nanoparticles and 2D N‐MX nanosheet co‐catalysts forms double lithiophilic‐sulfifilic binding sites that effectively immobilize and catalytically convert LiPS intermediates. This 0D–2D heterostructure catalyst has a hierarchical porous architecture with a large active area and enables rapid Li ion diffusion, reduces the activation energy of Li2S deposition, and lowers the energy barrier of Li2S dissolution. In addition, an assembled CoZn‐Se@N‐MX hybrid synergistically prevents the aggregation of the CoZn‐Se nanoparticles and restacking of the active areas of N‐MX nanosheets during assembly and the LiPS conversion process. The Li–S battery with this 0D–2D catalyst delivers excellent rate capability, ultralong cycling life (over 2000 cycles), and a high areal capacity of 6.6 mAh cm−2 with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5 µL mg−1.