bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of postoperative discomfort and nerve injuries after surgical removal of mandibular third molar
Authors: Daware Surendra N. , Balakrishna Ramdas , Deogade Suryakant C. , Ingole Yogesh S. , Patil Sushant M. , Naitam Dinesh M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The surgical removal of mandibular third molar (M3) teeth may result in a number of complications including pain, swelling, bleeding, alveolar osteitis or nerve dysfunction. Most of these problems are temporary, but in some cases, nerve paresthesia may become permanent and lead to functional problems.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims at measuring the clinical severity of pain, swelling, muscle trismus, infection, dry socket and any nerve injury-related paresthesia after surgical removal of M3. It also assesses the validity of the postoperative symptom severity and identifies the most frequent occurrences and postoperative complications.

Material and Methods:
The prospective study data was collected from 163 patients visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, for surgical extraction of impacted M3. Postoperative assessment was done after 1 week at the time of suture removal for pain, swelling, wound closure, postoperative bleeding, dry socket, infection, paresthesia and trismus. Pain intensity in the form of visual analogue scale, clinical swelling determination using thread measure, trismus assessment by differences in mouth opening, paresthesia/anesthesia by questioning about tongue, chin and lip sensibility and performing neurosensory tests like 2-point discrimination, pin prick and light touch. Patients with neurosensory disturbance were followed for 6 months.

Results:
This study confirmed the previously reported prevalence rates of neurological deficit and demonstrated 2% incidence of lingual nerve injury where no symptom lasted for more than 12 weeks. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia not reported in case series. Most of the patients reported with mild pain, mild swelling and trismus at seventh postoperative day at the time of suture removal.

Conclusion:
Although third molar surgery is a secure and low morbidity procedure, the risk of complications will always exist and it increases with increased surgical difficulty, hence the patient should always be educated about the risks and benefits of surgery in order to ensure adequate surgical management of impacted M3.
Patient satisfaction with the emergency department services at an academic teaching hospital
Authors: Abass Ghassan , Asery Ali , Al Badr Ahmed , AlMaghlouth Adnan , AlOtaiby Shahad , Heena Humariya 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Healthcare reform efforts focus on patient-centered care is measured by patient satisfaction. Emergency department (ED) satisfaction ratings are often the lowest. Since ED is the first point of contact for the patient care to receive primary care, we aimed to explore patient satisfaction related to ED healthcare services at our institution.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, ED-CAHPS, a standardized validated nine-item survey questionnaire, was administered via telephonic interviews to Arabic-speaking patients who attended ED at our institution. Patient demographics, ED operation parameters, and healthcare utilization factors were evaluated as patient satisfaction predictors.

Results:
Out of 713 patients who were contacted 200 patients responded to the survey. In all, 70% of respondents were aged 35-64 years and 55% had secondary or higher education levels. The dimension average for the questions regarding arrival, waiting time, and urgency of treatment was 36%. Regarding satisfaction with pain management was 42%, medication information was 34% and interpreter services were only 40%. The overall dimension average for satisfaction regarding nursing care was 43%, doctor care was 36%. The overall dimension average for satisfaction regarding the discharge process was 56%. The highest scores were observed for whether the patients were asked about follow-up care (61%), whether they understood the symptoms to look for after leaving the ED (58%), and whether they received care within 30 min of arriving at the ED (56%). On the other hand, the worst scores were recorded for whether the patients were made to understand regarding the side effects of new medications (29%), whether nurses spent enough time with them (33%), and whether doctors spent enough time with them (34%).

Conclusions:
Based on these results, recommendations were made to improve patients' perceptions/experience in receiving the care and the overall rating. This study presents specific recommendations for maximizing patient satisfaction in primary ED settings in Saudi Arabia.
Study to assess the home-based newborn care (HBNC) visit in rural area of Lucknow
Authors: Pathak Pankaj K. , Singh J. V. , Agarwal Monika , Singh V. K. , Tripathi Surya K. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Home-based newborn care (HBNC) is a strategy adopted by government of India to overcome the burden of newborn deaths in the first week of life, it provides continuum of care for newborn and post-natal mothers. HBNC introduced since 2011 is centred around Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) and it is the main community-based approach to newborn health.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of the present study was to assess the HBNC during HBNC visit in rural area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.).

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Primary Health Centre Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow UP. A total of 200 mothers of newborn (age 03 days to 60 days) born in the catchment area of PHC Sarojini Nagar during 8 months period were included in cross-sectional study.

Results:
The result of study showed that majority of newborns got all the age appropriate home visit. None of the mothers had knowledge and awareness about the HBNC provision for home visits and the number of home visit by ASHA decreases as age of baby increases. All the ASHAs were aware about the schedule of home visit, the number of home visit in case of home delivery and institutional delivery.

Conclusion and Recommendation:
ASHA was found to be the major facilitator for HBNC programme. Knowledge and awareness of ASHA on importance of postnatal care needs to be enhanced via hands on training.
Contemporary role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Akpayak Idorenyin C. , Felangu Kenis S. , Nabasu Lemech E. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
In contemporary practice, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool to differentiate between prostate cancers of high and low aggressiveness, reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment. This article aims to provide a concise review of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate, its interpretation and its role in the current management of prostate cancer.

Methods:
his was a narrative review of the contemporary role of the mpMRI in the management of prostate cancer. The databases and journals in urology and radiology were searched for relevant and contemporary existing literature on the subject.

Results:
We reviewed the technical aspects of the mpMRI of the prostate, describing the T-2 weighted imaging, the diffusion weighted imaging and the dynamic contrast enhanced imaging as well as the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the prostate. We also reviewed the current interpretation and reporting of the mpMRI of the prostate using the PI-RADS; as well as the contemporary role of the mpMRI in prostate cancer management.

Conclusion:
The mpMRI is technologically robust and fast evolving imaging modality that has become a significant tool in the diagnosis, staging and treatment planning of prostate cancer.
Palliative management of bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction
Authors: Shuaibu Samaila I. , Umana Ifiok P. , Osunaiye Olutayo I. , Jila Bem J. , Akpayak Idorenyin C. , Ofoha Chimaobi G. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Malignant ureteric obstruction is often associated with end-stage cancer arising from the cervix, bladder, prostate and other pelvic organs. We reviewed palliative therapeutic options and outcome of patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH).

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from patients managed by the Urology division of JUTH for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction of malignant cause over a period of 10 years were reviewed. Patients’ age, cause of malignant ureteric obstruction and types of interventions carried out were extracted. In addition, mean serum creatinine level at presentation and one-month post intervention were analysed. The overall patient survival over a 6-month period was evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.

Result
24 patients managed within the period of the study had complete data for analysis. The age range was 43-73years with a median of 49 years. Majority (79.2%) of patients were female. 54.2% of the patients had open nephrostomy. Retrograde ureteric stent insertion (16.6%) and permanent haemodialysis (29.2%) were the other palliative management options. Open nephrostomy offered the most significant improvement in biochemical outcome at one-month post intervention (P = 0.039). 41.6% of patients were alive at 6 months post intervention. None of the treatment options conferred survival advantage over the others.

Conclusion
Open nephrostomy is the most common palliative management option for patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at JUTH and achieves the most significant biochemical improvement. No palliative management option conferred superior survival outcome among the patients.
Bovine brucellosis: Seroepidemiology and herder’s knowledge, attitude and practices in Bench Maji zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kenea Tigist , Megersa Bekele 
Published: April 2021

Brucellosis is a major public and animal health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in pastoral settings where livestock is a major livelihood and food sources. Effective prevention and control of brucellosis depends on knowledge, attitude and practices of the community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and April 2019 in Bench Maji zone, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis, and assessing the knowledge and practices of herders. A questionnaire survey (n=300) and collection of blood samples (n=772) were carried out. The sera samples were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and positive ones were further confirmed by using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Results showed that 25 (3.24%) and 15 (1.94%) of the 772 animals were positive for RBPT and CFT. This shows an overall sero-prevalence of 1.94%, (95% CI: 0.97- 0.2.92%) bovine brucellosis in the study area. The highest prevalence, 2.74%, was recorded at Menitshasha district while no positive case was recorded at Menitgoldiya districts. Large herd size (OR=4.7) and migration (OR=3.52) showed association with seropositivity. Cows with abortion history had higher likelihood of seropositive than other groups. Majority of the pastoralists (72.7%) did not have information and basic knowledge about brucellosis, whereas about 27.3% of them heard about it and very small proportion (3.3%) knew its zoonotic importance. All of the respondents were practicing high risk behavior of acquiring the infection. Demographic factors such as education, family size and age of herders were found to have effects on knowledge of herders. Low level of knowledge, high-risk practices and willingness of herders to know more about brucellosis call for improving public awareness on zoonotic significance of the diseases through integrating animal health and public health extension services
Keywords: Attitude, Bovine; Brucellosis; Ethiopia, Knowledge; Practices; Prevalence; Risk factors
Small Ruminant Brucella Sero-prevalence and potential risk factor at Dallo-Manna and HarannaBulluk Districts of Bale Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Aliyi , Hiko Adem , Waktole Hika , Abunna Fufa , Ameni Gobena , Mamo Gezahegne 
Published: April 2021

A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly sampled 384 animals to assess the occurrence of small ruminant brucellosis and risk factors contributing for the zoonotic potential of the disease at Dallo-Manna and HarannaBulluk districts of Bale Zone. Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT) were used serially. All collected serum samples were subjected to RBPT first and then positive sera with RBPT were further tested for confirmation using CFT. Animal level prevalence of 6.5% and 2.9%, and flock level prevalence of 50% and 22% were recorded by RBPT and CFT respectively. Flock level prevalence at Dallo-Manna is 3.8-fold (95% OR CI = 1.17-12.19) than at Haranna-Bulluk (95% OR CI = 0.32-3.31) but no statistical significant difference (p>0.05). The Chi-square (χ2) statistical analysis indicated that age (χ2=6.18; p<0.05), parity (χ2=0.57; p<0.05), retained fetal membrane (χ2=35.5; p<0.001) and abortion history (χ2=45.1; p<0.001) were associated with Brucella sero-reactors in study areas. Small ruminant with history of retainedfetal membrane (OR=3, CI: 3.52- 27) and small ruminant with abortion history (OR=32, CI: 2.26-462.8) were also found significantly associated with seropostiveity. Questioner survey revealed only 30% of the respondents were aware of the small ruminant brucellosis. Most of them (84%) handle aborted materials with bare hand, 94% of the respondents mix sheep and goat at grazing field and watering point. Traditionally the habit of raw milk consumption is com- mon (100%). In conclusion, the result of this study demonstrated the presence of Brucella sero-reactors at moderate level in small ruminants and identified certain predictors of the infection. Therefore, based on the findings, authors suggest the need for further investigation on the disease-causing agent to take proactive control intervention measures. Meanwhile, actors need to work on raising public awareness to prevent the risk of public health hazard due toBrucella infection.
Key words:- Brucellosis; CFT; RBPT; Small ruminant; Zoonosis
The Effect of PowerPoint Instruction on High School Students’ Achievement and Motivation to Learn Geometry
Authors: Mensah Justice Yawson , Nabie Michael Johnson 
Published: April 2021

This study explored the effect of PowerPoint integration on students’ motivation and achievement in less endowed Senior High Schools (SHSs). The study employed the embedded mixed method approach involving quasi-experimental design in which 80 students were randomly selected from two government-assisted Senior High Schools and assigned to control and experimental groups. Teacher-made Pre- and Post-Geometry Achievement Tests (GAT) and semi-structured interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. During treatment, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was integrated using PowerPoint presentation to teach the experimental group while the control group was taught by conventional instruction approach. Both pre-GAT and post-GAT were administered to participants and their responds were scored to obtain quantitative data. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were used to analyze the GAT scores while the qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The results showed that participants in both groups had improved in their post-GAT compared to their pre-GAT. However, it was revealed that study participants in the experimental group achieved better in the post-GAT than those in the control group. It was also revealed that there was no influence of gender in the achievement of the group taught by PPT presentation. Finally, the findings revealed that ICT integration promotes students’ motivation. In conclusion, ICT integration approach to teaching and learning mathematics concepts was found to promote students’ motivation and increased achievement in mathematics than the conventional instruction. The implications for practice and research are discussed.
The content of flavonoids in Cosmos sulphureus
Authors: Andrushchenko Olena , Levon Volodymyr 
Published: April 2021

Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray and disc florets were dried and crushed to prepare extracts following three different techniques. In particular, with 80 % (v/v) ethanol following Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3.5 % HCl following Kriventsov (1982), and 0.1 N HCl following Udovenko (1988). The absorbance of flavonoids was measured at 390 nm wavelength for flavonols, 530 nm – for anthocyanins, and 364 nm – for chalcones. The highest content of flavonols was found in inflorescences of both genotypes (87.79 ± 1.64 and 87.99 ± 1.75 mg / 100 g of dry weight (DW), respectively). The content of anthocyanins was found to be ranked by overground organs: inflorescences > leaves > stems. In particular, the content of anthocyanins in the inflorescences of these two genotypes was 188.95 ± 5.20 and 177.14 ± 6.81 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the leaves, the content of anthocyanins was 61.32 ± 1.97 and 41.33 ± 2.27 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the stems, the content of anthocyanins was 31.63 ± 1.16 and 25.31 ± 0.95 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the roots, the anthocyanins were not detected. Among the flavonoids, the highest content, in general, was found for anthocyanins. Similarly, chalcones were also localized in overground organs only and mostly in the inflorescences (39.65 ± 1.25 and 37.93 ± 0.88 mg / 100 g DW, respectively). The content of chalcones in the leaves and stems was much lower than the content of the anthocyanins and flavonols; it significantly varied for two investigated genotypes. During the detailed investigation of the flavonoids content in different parts of the inflorescence, it was found that disc florets in both genotypes had fewer flavonoids than the ray florets.
Mathematicians and Mathematics at Prague University during the Second Half of the 18th Century
Authors: Schuppener Georg 
Published: April 2021

Článek popisuje výuku matematiky a postavení této vědy na pražské univerzitě v druhé polovině 18. století. Abych byl schopen adekvátně popsat specifické změny, které nastaly během tohoto období, nejprve stručně představím důležitost matematiky, zvláště pak jejího vývoje k moderní vědě, pro pražské jezuity ve dvou předcházejících stoletích. Ukáži, že jezuité zpočátku matematice přikládali jen velmi malý význam. Od poloviny 17. století však začalo docházet k dalekosáhlým změnám. V polovině 18. století pak byly pod vlivem osvíceneckých idejí nastoleny státní reformy, které výrazně určily strukturu a obsah vzdělávání na pražské univerzitě. Popisuji důsledky těchto reforem, které mimo jiné vedly ke zrušení jezuitského řádu, pro vývoj matematického zkoumání. Na závěr se zabývám životem a prací matematiků a astronomů na pražské univerzitě v druhé polovině 18. století.
Special Issue on Occupational Therapy With Neurodivergent People
Authors: Kornblau Barbara L. , Robertson Scott Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The neurodiversity movement presents a significant opportunity for occupational therapy practitioners to meet the needs of neurodivergent people across the life course The term neurodiverse includes autistic people and people with intellectual disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and several other mental health conditions. Research shows that neurodivergent people continue to need occupational therapy beyond the end of high school, when most supports and services end for them. Despite research showing that the needs of neurodiverse populations continue throughout the life course, research also shows that services for this population seem to taper as they progress through the public school system. The studies in this issue add to the body of literature supporting the role of occupational therapy practitioners in meeting the needs of neurodiverse people for services and supports through all stages of life.
Evapotranspiration in the Amazon: spatial patterns, seasonality, and recent trends in observations, reanalysis, and climate models
Authors: Baker Jessica C. A. , Garcia-Carreras Luis , Gloor Manuel , Marsham John H. , Buermann Wolfgang , da Rocha Humberto R. , Nobre Antonio D. , de Araujo Alessandro Carioca , Spracklen Dominick V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Water recycled through transpiring forests influences the
spatial distribution of precipitation in the Amazon and has been shown to
play a role in the initiation of the wet season. However, due to the
challenges and costs associated with measuring evapotranspiration (ET)
directly and high uncertainty in remote-sensing
ET retrievals, the spatial and temporal patterns in Amazon ET remain poorly
understood. In this study, we estimated ET over the Amazon and 10
sub-basins using a catchment-balance approach, whereby ET is calculated
directly as the balance between precipitation, runoff, and change in
groundwater storage. We compared our results with ET from remote-sensing
datasets, reanalysis, models from Phase 5 and Phase 6 of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6 respectively), and in situ flux tower measurements to provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding. Catchment-balance analysis revealed a gradient in ET from east to west/southwest across the Amazon Basin, a strong seasonal cycle in
basin-mean ET primarily controlled by net incoming radiation, and no trend
in ET over the past 2 decades. This approach has a degree of uncertainty,
due to errors in each of the terms of the water budget; therefore, we
conducted an error analysis to identify the range of likely values.
Satellite datasets, reanalysis, and climate models all tended to overestimate
the magnitude of ET relative to catchment-balance estimates, underestimate
seasonal and interannual variability, and show conflicting positive and
negative trends. Only two out of six satellite and model datasets analysed
reproduced spatial and seasonal variation in Amazon ET, and captured the
same controls on ET as indicated by catchment-balance analysis. CMIP5 and
CMIP6 ET was inconsistent with catchment-balance estimates over all scales
analysed. Overall, the discrepancies between data products and models
revealed by our analysis demonstrate a need for more ground-based ET
measurements in the Amazon as well as a need to substantially improve model
representation of this fundamental component of the Amazon hydrological
cycle.
Brief communication: New evidence further constraining Tibetan ice core chronologies to the Holocene
Authors: Hou Shugui , Zhang Wangbin , Fang Ling , Jenk Theo M. , Wu Shuangye , Pang Hongxi , Schwikowski Margit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. There is considerable controversy regarding the age ranges of Tibetan ice cores. The Guliya ice core was reported to reach as far back as ∼760 ka (kiloannum, i.e. 1000 years), whereas chronologies of all other Tibetan cores cover at most the Holocene. Here we present ages for two new ice cores reaching bedrock, from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) glacier in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and the Shulenanshan (SLNS) glacier in the western Qilian Mountains. We estimated bottom ages of 8.90±0.570.56 ka and 7.46±1.461.79 ka for the ZK and SLNS ice core respectively, further constraining the time range accessible by Tibetan ice cores to the Holocene.