bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewing the history and development of aspiration in Eastern Balochi
Authors: Birahimani Ali H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the history of aspiration in Eastern Balochi and aims to posit the course of its development and the extent to which it can be said to be contrastive. It uses primary data obtained by the author directly from various locales and compares sets of these data with the secondary data available on Balochi from 19th and early 20th century material. I maintain that, historically, voiceless aspiration arose word-initially in Eastern Balochi, in the sounds /p t č k/, and spread from there to other positions. In the discussion of aspiration, literature on Balochi has seen the question of influence from the neighbouring Indo-Aryan languages as an important problem. In this paper it is argued that equally relevant to the issue are two other important historical phenomena: post-vocalic lenition of stops and affricates, and gemination, a widely found but less well explored feature of Balochi. Also observed in Eastern Balochi, but less frequently remarked upon, is the breathiness found in voiced stops and affricate, a feature hitherto understood to be restricted to a small lexicon borrowed from Indo-Aryan. Focusing on a large number of Eastern Balochi varieties rather than seeing it as a unified whole, I attempt to show that contrastive status of aspiration appears to be gradually developing in these varieties. Many processes are leading in this direction, such as degemination and fortition of fricatives; among these one important diagnostic for the ultimate status of aspiration, I propose, is thetransposition of glottal fricative.
Removal of Bismarck Brown G dye over composites of metalized copper oxide nanoparticles with nitrogen and activated carbons
Authors: Jabbar Reyam Kareem. , Atiyah Abbas Jasim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present work describes preparation of composites of iron metalized copper oxide nanoparticles (Fe/CuONPs) using co-precipitation method. Then new composites were prepared by combination of Fe/CuONPs with each of nitrogen and activated carbons(ACs). Activated carbons was both natural (AC1) and physically activated AC (AC2). This yielding tertiary systems N/Fe/CuONPs, AC1/Fe/CuONPs, and AC2/Fe/CuONPs. These prepared materials were investigated using different techniques and analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X- rays diffraction (XRD) technique, BET specific surface area, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and CHN microelemental analysis. The adsorption ability of these materials was investigated via following removal of Bismarck Brown G dye (BBG) from simulated industrial wastewaters over a suspension of these prepared materials. Different adsorption parameters and conditions were investigated such as effect of weight of adsorbent, effect of adsorption temperatures, and effect of pH of the dye solution. Besides that, adsorption isotherms were undertaken involving applying each of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms was undertaken. From the obtained results it was found that, the optimum removal efficiency for this dye was noted when using AC2/Fe/CuONPs as adsorbent under these conditions. Also from adsorption isotherms, it was found that, the results were more fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Preparation of a novel cartridge column for solid phase extraction, used for separation of some heavy metal
Authors: Hasan Rawaa Ch. , Karam Faiq F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study included the removal of heavy metal ions by developing the solid-phase extraction method and preparing separation columns in order to isolate unwanted water pollutants. Single-use separator columns contain a modified extraction block consisting of (organic azo reagent 6-MBTAMP with chitosan) low the cost and this mass are saturated with the aforementioned organic reagent for the purpose of increasing the extraction surface area by increasing the effective aggregates. The modified extraction mass was characterization by means of the X-ray diffraction technique and several sharp crystal peaks appeared for us, and the highest of these peaks were equal to 38.81.
New Mannich Base (2R)-4-methyl-2-((S)(phenylamino)(p-tolyl)methyl)cyclohexan-1-one; Synthesis and Spectral Characterisation
Authors: Hussein Samraa Ali , Yousif Enaam Ismail 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study includes preparation and characterisation of a new Mannich -β-amino carbonyl namely: (2R)-4-methyl-2-((S)(phenylamino)(p-tolyl)methyl)cyclohexan-1-one. was achieved from the reaction of 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one and aniline with 4-methylbenzaldehyde in a 1:1:1 mole ratio, respectively. Calcium chloride was used as catalyst and ethanol as reaction medium. A range of physico-chemical tools were used to charcteris the isolated compound. These include; FT-IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, mass spectra, elemental analysis and melting point.
Isolation and identification of some chromium resistant bacteria from some contaminated sites
Authors: Hussain Athmar Ahmad Abdul , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals have fundamentally effect on the biological system and they are straightforwardly harmful to living creatures, particularly human. Expulsion of these pollutants requires advanced and exorbitant technologies. Along these lines, bioremediation with hefty metal-resistant microorganisms could fillin as a less expensive solution. The aims of this study were to select some chromium resistant bacteria in contaminated sites and to determine the inhibitory concentration values for each species. Selection of the chromium resistant isolates was done using nutrient agar plates containing 100mg/l of (K2Cr2O7), and the values of the inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar diffusion method. Strains that resisted the highest concentrations were diagnosed based on the morphological and molecular methods. Molecular diagnosis was performed based on the analysis of the sequence of nitrogenous bases of 16sr RNA gene as well as the genetic tree relationship. Cr(VI) resistant isolates were chosen from a sum of 40 separates and analyzed as follows: Brevibacillus agri, staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Exigobacterium sp., and Atlantibacter sp. The MIC values were 2500mg/l for Brevibacillus agri and staphylococcus sp. and 1500mg/l for the remaining species. In this paper, various bacteria strains, resistant to high chromium concentration, were isolated and identified, and these native microorganisms can be utilized for bioremediation of chromium.
Detection of E.coli O157 in water and food using nanosensor
Authors: Al-Atafy’ Qsay kamil Hadi , Al-Janabi’ Jihad Deiyb Mahal , Al-Mayahi’ Basim Abd Al-Hassan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The bacterial pathogens within the water and meat can be recognized utilizing progressed, expensive and time-consuming apparatuses. In addition to these gadgets, nanostructure-based gadgets can be utilized as both are cheap bacterial sensors. This investigation illustrates the creation of a sensor utilizing ZnO-rGO nano composite to distinguish bacterial pathogens. Escherichia Coli O157;h7, a Gram-negative bacterium are displayed in water and nourishment. The sensor was made of an ostensible composition of ZnO-rGO nano composite. Lean film was arranged by a sol - gel strategy utilizing the turn coating onto glass substrates and tests were carried out at room temperature. At that point the sensor was tried with some known concentration of microscopic organisms blended within the water and meat extricate. When a sample of bacteria mixed with water and meat extricate was dropped onto the sensor, the electrical resistance of the sensor varied proportionally with the concentration of bacteria. They proved as reliable and sensitive sensors for detecting bacteria in water.
Assessment of groundwater quality using CCME water quality index in Caracosh distract, northeastern of Mosul city, Iraq.
Authors: Al-Hamdani A S A , Kaplan A Y H , Al-Saffawi A Y T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the Caracosh (Al-Hamdannia district) groundwater water quality index (CCME WQI). This was calculated by taking groundwater samples and putting them into a thorough physicochemical examination. For calculating the WQI, the following 9 parameters have been considered: pH, TDS, T. Alkalinity, T. hardness, Ca, Mg, Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate. The WQI for these samples ranges from 25.19 to 93.58. The low values of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of TDS, Total hardness, T. Alkalinity and Sulphate in the groundwater. The analysis reveals that % 40 of groundwater samples of the area needs degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.
Study the effect of cement dust exposure on the hematological variables in the workers of new badoosh cement factory in mosul city, Iraq
Authors: Al-Shamery Hassan A. , Jankeer Muna H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study was carried in the New Badoosh Cement factory in Mosul city belonged to Ministry of Industry and Minerals/Iraq. The continuous exposure to cement dustleads to many respiratory and health problems. So the current study aimed to determine the negative effects of this dust and the continuous exposure to them in hematological variables in the blood of 150 workers of non-smoking males working, by 25 blood samples for each of the units and productive stages as following: The administrative unit (indirect exposure group), and the groups of the productive stages (direct exposure), which included stage of mechanical workshop, material milling, ovens, cement milling and packing. Their ages ranged between (23-59)years, exposure periods were divided according to the working years into (5-10), (11-20) and ( >20 ) years, then comparison with 30 healthy, non-smoking males of the same age as workers residents in the Rabea sub-district (Al-Owainat village) outside the city and were used as a control group. The results showed a significant decrease in the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV%)andred blood cells count (RBCs). Also the results showed a significant increase in count of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes and granules in the blood of workers inadministrators (indirect exposure group) and indifferent productive stages (direct exposure group) during the three exposure periods, as these results showed that different exposure periods and special ( >20 ) years had a clear effect on these studied blood components. It is concluded from this study that exposure of workers in different productive stages and administrative unit to cement dusthas caused clear negative effects on the blood components with an increase in the exposure period and a disrupted in metabolic and physiological processes.
Evaluation of the resistance of CuO-coated contact lenses to bacterial contamination
Authors: Hammo Ahmed Husham , Mahmood Al-Rawi Amera 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this research was to prepare an antibacterial coating on the surface of Contact Lenses (CL) by using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and assessment the activity of these nanoparticles to reduce the attachment of bacteria on the lenses. For coating we used an immersion method with three different solutions Ethyl alcohol 99%, Oil and lenses solution and dispersed CuO nanoparticles at different concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm). Two immersion methods were used to prepare coating 1-immersion for 5 minutes in ethanol and contact lens solution. 2-double dipping method for 5 seconds for each turn used with oil solution. The coated lenses was examined by scanning electron microscope and also was incubated with two different bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 24hrs, 72hrs and 30 days at 37 0 C. In this study another aim was preceded by testing the ability of the two bacterial types to form biofilm by tube and Congo red agar methods.
Numerical Study of Combustion Characteristics, Performance and Emissions of SI Engine Fueled with Different Hydrocarbons Fuels
Authors: khudhayer obayes Oras , Aldhaidhawi Mohanad , Najee Muneer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A numerical approach has been designed and modified with Advanced Simulation Technologies Boost to examine the impact of the piston face temperature on the performance of the spark ignition engine, combustion characteristics and emissions when using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and petrol fuels at an engine speed of 2500 rpm with a constant throttle position. In this work, a four-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine was used. The results show that when the piston face temperature increased, the brake power and the effective torque were reduced. No alteration in the specific brake fuel consumption for both fuels selected at higher piston face temperature has been observed. The peak fire pressure decreases while the peak fire temperature grows slightly when moving from lower to higher temperatures on the piston face. Liquid petroleum gas produced lower effective power and an effective torque compared to the gasoline fuel at all the selected piston face temperature. For both fuels, carbon monoxide and NOx emissions increased, while unburned hydrocarbon emissions decreased dramatically when the temperature of the piston face increased. The LPG emitted lower exhaust gas emissions than the gasoline hydrocarbon fuel at all piston temperatures.
Dielectric constant and conductivity anisotropy measurements of Schiff base liquid crystal
Authors: Badran Hussain A. , Hasan Harith A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The liquid crystal (LC) compound with the central linkage group Schiff-base was studied. The molecular structure was characterized with FTIR. Mesomorphic properties were characterized using differential scanning calamity (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The dielectric constant (ε) with conductivity (σ) and dielectric anisotropy (Δε) have been measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz from room temperature to l00 °C. Dielectric constants parallel and perpendicular to helical axes (εII
and ε
⊥ ), the dielectric anisotropy (Δε = εII –ε
⊥) and conductivity (Δσ) have been determined in different mesophases. Activation energy ( Eac
) of the a.c. conduction process and threshold voltage (V
th ) of the sample sandwiched in the liquid crystal cell have been determined in different mesophases. The electro-optic effect was also studied at liquid crystal phase temperatures. The Schiff-base liquid crystal sample exhibiting a nematic phase.
Study, analysis and detection of pollutants in rain water for selected areas over Baghdad city for the 2018-2019 rainy season
Authors: Azeez Hasan M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Some clouds result in rain, such as cumulus clouds and cumulmbus clouds, as rain water is one of the important factors in purifying the air from plankton and impurities in air, Which also helps to soften and moisten the atmosphere, and because of the pollution that many countries of the world suffer from, and since the industrial revolutions that resulted in the rise of pollutants in the atmosphere, and the reason for this is the activity of factories that led to the rise of smoke and toxic gases, As well as car exhaust, generators, and environmental activities caused by dust storms, so the city of Baghdad was chosen to study and detect pollutants in rainwater, as samples of rainwater were collected from different areas including the center and outskirts of Baghdad for the 2018-2019 rainy season, and samples were analyzed by (xrf) technology., After examining the samples, it was found that there are different percentages of pollutants over each of these areas (the study area), as the results showed that the highest percentage of acidity (Ph) was in the Kemaliya area (7.5ppm) and the highest percentage of dissolved salts (46.1ppm) in the Shuala area, and the highest. The percentage of turbidity in the Abu Dashir area was (76ppm).
A Sky Brightness Contrast Measurement before Sunrise and after Sunset over a Baghdad Region, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Kamil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, an analytical study had been made of sky brightness variations using a photometer of Sky Quality Meter (SQM-LU). The sky brightness measurements were performed in Baghdad city of Iraq (Latitude: 33°20’N, Longitude: 44°23’E, and Altitude: 34m above sea-level). The values of sky brightness level were collected on 27 December 2019 as well as 10 January 2020 at sunrise and sunset. The aim of this research is to study on sky illumination contrast by taking moonlight (moonless/full moon) as a reference source. Additionally is to localize the direction of the sun during both sunrise and sunset. The results indicated that, in case of sunrise and moonless, the sky brightness level was obtained averagely at 13.60 ± 0.26 magnitude/arcsecond2 with sun’s altitude angle at -9.79° ± 0.12°. While, in case of sunrise and full moon, the sky brightness level was obtained averagely at 12.75 ± 0.25 magnitude/arcsecond2 with sun’s altitude angle at -8.87° ± 0.11°. Findings also showed that, in case of sunset and moonless, the sky brightness level was obtained averagely at 17.44 ± 0.26 magnitude/arcsecond2 with sun’s altitude angle at -10.66° ± 0.12°. While, in case of sunset and full moon, the sky brightness level was obtained averagely at 15.69 ± 0.25 magnitude/arcsecond2 with sun’s altitude angle at -10.25° ± 0.11°. In conclusion, the study shows a correlation between the sky brightness magnitude against sun’s altitude angle, moon’s phase, and weather conditions as well.
Measuring of Radon Gas Concentrations in serum samples of Lung cancer patients in Babylon governorate, Iraq
Authors: Naji Tabarek F. , Hassoon Samah O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current study aims to assess the radon concentration in blood serum of lung cancer patients in Babylon governorate and compared the measured values to the values of healthy people. Radon (222Rn) is one of typical alpha-particle emitters. Cancer cases, especially lung cancer, have been increased in a notable way in Babylon Governorate particularly after gulf wars in 1991 and 2003. So, measuring the concentration of Radon gas in serum of lung cancer patients is important to find out the relations between these cases and the war effect. This has been done in this work using a CR-39 detector to measure the alpha particles emitted from radon. Thirty samples of patients and healthy people (15 from each group) were collected. Some of these samples are collected from Babylon oncology center and some from the oncology center in Imam Al-sadiq hospital. At the end of the exposure time (70 days), track density was calculated by using TASLIMAGE system. The results showed that the mean concentrations of radon for lung cancer patients were 19.2234 ± 2.15907 Bq/m3. Further, the concertation of radon in people with lung cancer is considerably larger than that in healthy group. Interestingly, the results, also, showed that all the measured values of radon concentration (whether of patients or healthy people) are within the acceptable limit (200 Bq/m3) which is designated by both International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Optimal Power of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with a Simple DBD Configuration for Biological Application
Authors: Al Qaseer Shatha M. , Khalaf Mohammed K. , Salih Serwa I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The new strategy, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (N-APP), as a ’physical’ method, could offer a simple, fast, effective, and economic way of disinfection of equipment, surfaces, a method that is unlikely to cause micro-organisms resistance, or allergic, and toxic reactions. Recently, cold physical plasma had been extensively studied by researchers as a possible therapy in dentistry and oncology, as well as the application of non-thermal plasma in biomedical researches such as wound healing. In clinical dermatology, cold plasmas are mainly used for the treatment of chronic wounds and pathogen-based skin diseases, in which stimulation of tissue repair and decontamination. In this research, the characterization of home-made Helium Non-Equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (He -NAPPJ), that had been generated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration for exceptional standardization protocol of this plasma source that meets medical requirements. The device equipped with two powered electrodes as well as a grounded electrode, driven by an (8 kVp-p) voltage, the frequency (12 kHz), and the distance between the nozzle of the plasma jet and the target were used as constant data. As a working gas, the Helium gas (He) was used in different flow rates (2, 4, 6, and 8) slm. The optical emission spectroscopy was used to measure the plasma parameters, of which the electronic excitation temperature and density of electrons were determined by the Boltzmann’s plot method and Stark broadening effect equation respectively. The result of the emission line spectrum showed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen between lines 300 nm until 700 nm. Nitrogen and oxygen are involved in the oxidation process which is known as Reactive Nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species. These species are the main key in bacteria inactivation and the wound healing process. Furthermore, the results had revealed, the optimal condition using the flow rate (6 slm) with 32 °C He gas temperature that had been stabilized for 20 min, plume length 40 mm, The distance is 15 mm from the distal end of the Pyrex tube (DBD) and the wound surface, the power density 44 mWatt/cm2, and plasma radiation energy dose: 76 J/cm2. These results were considered in this study as a safe operating condition for biomedical applications.
Impact of Solvent type on the Structural, Surface morphology and Optical energy gap of Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by solvothermal method
Authors: Muhamaad Saad Kadhomd , Alkhayatt Adel H. Omran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In present work kesterite quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) semiconductor thin films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by solvothermal method using different solvent types Ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and Ethylenediamine (ED). Crystal structure, surface morphology and optical characteristics of the prepared thin film were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the deposited films have polycrystalline nature and in a kesterite phase (tetragonal structure). the crystallite size is in the rang (20-27) nm and the largest one is for the prepared by using PEG solvent. The films surface morphology shows smooth and uniform surface with well distributed spherical particles with largest particles for the films deposited by EG solvent. The EDS spectra confirmed the the existence of the elements Cu, Zn, Sn and S of the films composition. The direct optical energy gap shows different values caused by using different solvent type, where the lower band gap is about 1.56 eV and the largest is about 1.9 eV for the films using ED and EG respectively.