bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of input and hydrological parameters uncertainties in extreme hydrological simulations
Authors: Meresa Hadush , Tischbein Bernhard , Mendela Josephine , Demoz Rediet , Abreha Tarikua , Weldemichael Metsihat , Ogbu Kingsley 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantifying possible sources of uncertainty in simulations of hydrological extreme events is very important for better risk management in extreme situations and water resource planning. The main objective of this research work is to identify and address the role of input data quality and hydrological parameter sets, and uncertainty propagation in hydrological extremes estimation. This includes identifying and estimating their contribution to flood and low flow magnitude using two objective functions (NSE for flood and LogNSE for low flow), 20,000 Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological parameter sets, and three frequency distribution models (Log‐Normal, Pearson‐III, and Generalized Extreme Value). The influence of uncertainty on the simulated flow is not uniform across all the selected three catchments due to different flow regimes and runoff generation mechanisms. The result shows that the uncertainty in high flow frequency modeling mainly comes from the input data quality. In the modeling of low flow frequency, the main contributor to the total uncertainty is model parameterization. The total uncertainty of QT90 (extreme peak flow quantile at 90‐year return period) quantile shows that the interaction of input data and hydrological parameter sets have a significant role in the total uncertainty. In contrast, in the QT10 (extreme low flow quantile at 10‐year return period) estimation, the input data quality and hydrological parameters significantly impact the total uncertainty. This implies that the primary factors and their interactions may cause considerable risk in water resources management and flood and drought risk management. Therefore, neglecting these factors and their interaction in disaster risk management, water resource planning, and evaluation of environmental impact assessment is not feasible and may lead to considerable risk.Recommendations for Water Resource Managers

The role of hydrological parameters and climate input data is significant in flood and low flow estimations and significantly impacts water resources and extremes management.
Input data dominantly controlled flood magnitude and frequency, whilst the low flow magnitude and frequency were dominantly affected by both input data quality and hydrological parameters.
It is crucial to consider the main features that cause considerable risk in water resource management and extreme risk management.
Neglecting the primary factors and their interaction in disaster risk management, water resource planning, and evaluation of environmental impact assessment is not feasible and may lead to considerable risk.
Improved extreme water management through a complex modeling approach to better prepare for the impact of extreme high and low flow changes are the best long‐ and short‐term plans and strategies to combat and minimize the risk in water‐related sectors of the local economy.
Periprosthetic infections: How do we diagnose and treat? Results of an online survey and comparison with international recommendations
Authors: Otto‐Lambertz Christina , Glauner Andreas , Yagdiran Ayla , Eysel Peer 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveEndoprosthetic replacement surgery of hip and knee joints is widely performed, but always carries the risk of developing periprosthetic infection (PPI). Treatment of PPI is lengthy and demanding for the patient, often involving multiple surgeries as well as lengthy drug therapies. Remediation is not always successful despite extensive therapy.MethodsAn online survey was used to investigate whether the therapeutic measures implemented in German hospitals are based on international treatment recommendations. For this purpose, German physicians who regularly treat periprosthetic infections in their clinics were asked to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about internal hospital procedures. These were then compared with international recommendations.ResultsWith a response rate of 10.9%, the questionnaire shows agreement with the international recommendations in large parts of the operative and medicinal procedures. In preoperative imaging for example, two‐plane radiographs are the standard. Similarly, the participants' approach to preoperative specimen collection, incubation time, and operative management (regarding one‐ or two‐stage approach to septic joint) reflects the recommendations.Deviations were particularly evident in the area of laboratory diagnostics, where the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is determined in only 17.1%, contrary to the recommendations. Whereas procalcitonin (PCT) and blood culture sampling takes place regularly. Clear differences emerges in the use of drains, which, contrary to the recommendations, are used very regularly (almost 70%).In this survey, the time intervals between the onset of infection symptoms and the start of therapy (prosthesis‐preserving therapy) is shown to be longer than recommended internationally.ConclusionIn summary, however, the recommended approaches of the international groups in most respects are followed, a high willingness of respondents to collaborate with local infectious disease specialists demonstrates the complexity of the disease.
Comparison of the Wiltse Approach and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation Under O‐arm Navigation for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Lu Ying‐jie , Miao Yi‐ming , Zhu Tian‐feng , Wu Qian , Shen Xu , Lu Dong‐dong , Zhu Xue‐song , Gan Min‐feng 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the Wiltse approach and percutaneous pedicle screw placement under O‐arm navigation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.MethodsWe enrolled a total of 54 patients with neurologically intact thoracolumbar fracture who received minimally invasive treatments between October 2014 and October 2018 in this retrospective study. Among these, 28 patients (22 males and six females, with a mean age of 48.6 ± 9.6 years) were treated with pedicle screw fixation through the Wiltse approach (WPSF), and another 26 (15 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 10.6 years) received percutaneous pedicle screw fixation under O‐arm navigation (OPSF). Statistical methods were used to perform a detailed comparison of clinical outcomes, radiologic findings, and complications between the two groups obtained preoperatively, postoperatively, and at last follow‐up.ResultsAll patients underwent surgery successfully and finished a follow‐up of more than 12 months. No serious complications, such as infection, blood vessel injury, or spinal cord or nerve root injury occurred. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, local Cobb angle (LCA), vertebral wedge angle (VWA), and R value were notably improved after surgery, though there was no clear discrepancy between the groups at each time point (P > 0.05). During the follow‐up period, no patients developed neurological impairment or implant‐related complications, and no patients underwent revision surgery. The WPSF group had a significantly shorter operation time than the OPSF group (68.1 ± 9.8 vs 76.1 ± 9.0 minutes, P = 0.005). Moreover, the WPSF group showed less cost of surgery than the WPSF group (48142.1 ± 1430.1 vs 59035.4 ± 1152.7 CNY, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the intraoperative bleeding, length of incision, or postoperative hospitalization time (P > 0.05). The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was 95.2% (160/168) in the WPSF group and 96.8% (151/156) in the OPSF group, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.432).ConclusionBoth WPSF and OPSF were safe and effective for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture. Although the two groups showed favorable clinical and radiologic outcomes through to final follow‐up, we recommended the minimally invasive WPSF given its shorter operation time and lower cost of surgery.
How does attachment imagery for paranoia work? Cognitive fusion and beliefs about self and others mediate the impact on paranoia and anxiety
Authors: Sood Monica , Carnelley Katherine , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesParanoia describes unfounded and distressing interpersonal threat beliefs. Secure attachment imagery has been shown to attenuate paranoia and anxiety in non‐clinical and clinical groups, but little is known about the differential effects of anxious and avoidant imagery or mechanisms of change. In this study, we tested the impact of secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment imagery on paranoia, anxiety, and help‐seeking intentions. We also examined hypothesized mechanisms of change, specifically whether cognitive fusion and negative self‐ and other‐beliefs mediate these relationships.DesignThis study utilized an experimental, cross‐sectional design.MethodsA large (N = 303), international general population sample with high levels of non‐clinical paranoia completed a series of measures before and after engaging in secure, anxious, or avoidant imagery.ResultsRelative to anxious and avoidant attachment imagery, secure attachment imagery reduced paranoia and anxiety and increased help‐seeking intentions. Cognitive fusion and negative self‐ and other‐beliefs mediated the impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety, but not help‐seeking.ConclusionsIn line with attachment and cognitive theory, secure attachment imagery is effective in reducing paranoia and anxiety and works by reducing cognitive fusion and negative self‐ and other‐beliefs. These novel findings suggest that the secure imagery task could be incorporated into cognitive and behavioural therapies to reduce distressing interpersonal threat beliefs and associated negative affect, and increase help‐seeking intentions.Practitioner points

When working with people experiencing paranoia, secure attachment imagery may be effective in reducing state paranoia and anxiety and improving help‐seeking intentions.

Attachment imagery works by influencing beliefs about self and others, and the degree to which people are fused with their beliefs. In clinical practice, the rationale for the imagery task fits well with psychological models of paranoia and the secure imagery task can be introduced as a way to cope when struggling with distressing beliefs about self and others, and feeling overwhelmed by these fears.
Ultrastructural changes observed in Colletotrichum alienum conidia following treatment with cold plasma or plasma‐activated water
Authors: Siddique Sharmin S. , Hardy Giles E. St.J. , Bayliss Kirsty L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that a reduction in germination of Colletotrichum alienum conidia could be achieved following treatment with cold plasma (CP) or incubation with plasma‐activated water (PAW). In this study, the mode of action of CP and PAW on C. alienum conidia was explored using transmission electron microscopy. Following treatment of the conidia, noticeable ultrastructural changes were observed, including cell wall maceration, disorganization of the cytoplasm and vacuole, and changes to the nuclei and mitochondria. Disorganization of the cytoplasm was exhibited by 85% of conidia after CP or PAW treatment. Also, 85% of conidia were observed with disorganized vacuoles after 6 min of CP treatment and 65% after 3 hr incubation in PAW. Further, 45% or more conidia had modified cell walls after PAW incubation or CP treatment. Deformation of conidia was observed in 23% of conidia after PAW incubation. These ultrastructural changes are a likely reason for the reduced germination of C. alienum conidia following CP or PAW treatment.
Right‐Wing Rural Populisms: Comparative Analysis of Two European Regions*
Authors: Corradi Valerio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe most significant political fact of the latest elections within the European Union is the growth, in all states, of right‐wing “populist” political formations. Alongside this, one of the most relevant aspects is the significant share of support that these “parties” have in suburban, peripheral and rural areas. Starting from this premise, the first part of the article aims to discuss the relevance of the rural‐urban dichotomy and how territorial differences are an important factor in the growth of right‐wing populism. The second part proposes a comparative analysis of the political trends recorded in recent years in two economically advanced European regions: Auvergne‐Rhône‐Alpes (France) and Lombardia (Italy). The analysis of the official results of the 2019 European elections and of the previous elections in the two regions, shows the entrenchment in rural areas of the consensus for right‐wing populist formations (Lega and Rassemblement National) but also the presence of different discourses and political strategies, which reveal the different nuances that rural populism can take.
Vida cristiana y experiencia mariana: algunos desafíos desde la Christus vivit
Authors: Reyes Fonseca José Orlando 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo propone un acercamiento al acontecimiento María en términos de la mujer de la plenitud de los tiempos, para enfatizar su arraigo en los pueblos pluriculturales contextualizados y diferenciados. Ello implica asumir algunos desafíos históricos de índole teológico-pastoral pendientes en la Iglesia, que han sido retomados por el papa Francisco en la exhortación apostólica postsinodal Chistus vivit. Por lo anterior, una vida cristiana y una experiencia mariana centrada en Jesús, “el eternamente joven”, es consciente de que sin él no se podrá tener “un corazón siempre joven” en función de la construcción de hombres y mujeres al servicio de los más vulnerables, en el marco de una “Iglesia en salida”.
La experiencia mariana es en particular el encuentro liberador y transformador en la cotidianidad del existir con el acontecimiento María, quien convoca a la humanidad a ser una nueva creación enraizada en el acontecimiento Cristo, nacido de mujer, lo cual enfatiza de modo contundente que una mujer se ha convertido en la madre humana del propio Hijo de Dios. De ahí que María pertenezca a la fe del pueblo de Israel, a la fe pospascual, y lo es aún más al ser portadora de la promesa de la Buena Nueva de salvación que ha venido en Cristo a toda la humanidad.
En consecuencia, pensar una experiencia mariana para los actuales contextos socioeclesiales conlleva la promoción de una antropología humano-céntrica, unitaria, realista y pluridimensional; de igual modo, el rescate de la experiencia mariana de otros, supone el trabajo por la justicia e igualdad entre varones y mujeres, el compromiso de escuchar el grito de las víctimas y de asumir sus implicaciones, y la reivindicación de la liberación integral del pobre, entre otros aspectos, conducentes a una pastoral mariana al servicio de la nueva evangelización.
A 740,000-yr-long Mohawk Lake record, Mohawk Valley, northeastern California, USA
Authors: Redwine Joanna R. , Adams Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Mohawk Valley lies in northeastern California on the margin of the northernmost Sierra Nevada and was occupied by Mohawk Lake during much of the middle and late Pleistocene. Throughout that time, the Sierra Nevada ice cap repeatedly extended northward into Mohawk Lake, and ice-contact deltaic sediments were deposited along the valley margins and in the valley bottom. Nearly 200 m of lacustrine and deltaic sediments are now well exposed along streams draining the Sierra Nevada. Tephra beds deposited within the deltaic sediments allow correlation of stratigraphic sections around the valley margin and, together with geomorphic evidence of former lake levels, permit interpretation of a Mohawk Lake history as far back as 740 ka.
Mohawk Valley changed from a through-flowing fluvial setting to an intermittent closed basin sometime before 740 ka. After this change occurred, relatively small lakes intermittently formed in Mohawk Valley until ca. 600 ka, when the lake dramatically deepened. Mohawk Lake fluctuated in size over the next ~400,000 yr and increased in size to its highest levels after ca. 200 ka, possibly due to drainage integration with the upstream Lake Beckwourth. After this time, Mohawk Lake spilled over its westward sill, incrementally eroding and lowering lake levels until Mohawk Lake was emptied by ca. 7 ka.
Pedological trends and implications for forest productivity in a Holocene soil chronosequence, Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Nelson Lee-Ann , Sanborn Paul , Cade-Menun Barbara J. , Walker Ian J. , Lian Olav B. 
Published: June 2021

Chronosequence studies of soil formation and ecosystem development provide important insights into the pathways and rates of change occurring on centennial and millennial time scales. In cool or temperate humid environments, Podzols are the predominant soil type formed under coniferous forests in coarse-textured parent material and have been a major focus of chronosequence studies. This study examined the rate and mechanisms of Podzol development and related forest productivity in a sand dune chronosequence in a hypermaritime climate in coastal British Columbia (BC). The sequence spans 10 760 ± 864 yr over eight sites and is the first documented chronosequence in coastal BC to span most of the Holocene Epoch. Soil samples from each genetic horizon were analyzed for bulk density, pH and concentrations of total carbon (C), pyrophosphate- and oxalate-extractable aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), and total elements. Within ∼3500 yr, a mature Podzol had formed, with cemented horizons (ortstein and placic) present. Organo-metallic complexation appeared to be the dominant mechanism involved in podzolization. Despite a mild, moist climate conducive to chemical weathering, all soils had similarly low values for the chemical index of alteration, suggesting that congruent dissolution of primary minerals may be occurring. Ecosystem retrogression is apparent in the latter stages of the chronosequence — a phenomenon not previously documented in coastal BC. Further research is needed to examine the interactions of nutrient limitation, soil physical barriers, and other possible drivers of ecosystem retrogression.
Landscape position, sampling time, and tillage, but not legume species, affect labile carbon and nitrogen fractions in a 4-yr-old rejuvenated grazed pasture
Authors: Issah G. , Schoenau J. , Knight J.D. 
Published: June 2021

Termination by tillage is one strategy used for regenerating pasture stands. Yet, research gaps exist on how tillage affects carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms and amounts in western Canadian soils. We measured total soil organic C (SOC), dissolved organic C (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction organic N (LFON), microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), and inorganic N as indicators of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. After tillage termination in fall 2018, we sampled soils (0–10 cm; 0–15 cm) under three legume species (alfalfa, cicer milkvetch, and sainfoin) three times (spring, summer, and fall of 2019) across three landscape positions. Legume species did not affect the measured parameters. Over time, tillage affected DOC, TDN, and inorganic N. Averaged across three pasture legumes and three landscape positions, tillage increased DOC 29% by summer. Fall-applied tillage led to 59% and 33% higher TDN in the succeeding summer and fall. Inorganic N increased by 14% and 40% across landscape positions and sampling after tillage. Averaged across landscape positions, MBC decreased by 31% from spring to summer and increased by 51% from summer to fall. However, MBN increased by 53% and decreased by 5% within the same period. The seasonal fluctuations in MBC and MBN reflected variations in moisture, temperature, and substrate quality. Total SOC, LFOC, and LFON increased on the upper slopes and fall sampling time. Although single intensive tillage did not affect total SOC, several tillage operations could accelerate SOM loss and reduced total C storage over time.
Mechanisms of Therapeutic Antitumor Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Tsao Li-Chung , Force Jeremy , Hartman Zachary C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major component of cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the different therapeutic mAbs that have been successfully developed against various tumor-expressed antigens and examine our current understanding of their different mechanisms of antitumor action. These mechanisms of action (MOA) largely center on the stimulation of different innate immune effector processes, which appear to be principally responsible for the efficacy of most unconjugated mAb therapies against cancer. This is evident in studies of mAbs targeting antigens for hematologic cancers, with emerging data also demonstrating the critical nature of innate immune-mediated mechanisms in the efficacy of anti-HER2 mAbs against solid HER2+ cancers. Although HER2-targeted mAbs were originally described as inhibitors of HER2-mediated signaling, multiple studies have since demonstrated these mAbs function largely through their engagement with Fc receptors to activate innate immune effector functions as well as complement activity. Next-generation mAbs are capitalizing on these MOAs through improvements to enhance Fc-activity, although regulation of these mechanisms may vary in different tumor microenvironments. In addition, novel antibody-drug conjugates have emerged as an important means to activate different MOAs. Although many unknowns remain, an improved understanding of these immunologic MOAs will be essential for the future of mAb therapy and cancer immunotherapy.