bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF SUPRASCAPULAR NOTCH IN DRIED BONES, AND ITS MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS.
Authors: Haq Anwar-Ul , Din Shahab-Ud- , Naheed Siddiqui  , Faiza Nadeem  , Rizwan Ul Haq  , Khan Muhammad Taus 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:This study aimed to see variations in shapes and sizes of the suprascapular notch as these characteristics may be the root cause of nerve compression in medicolegal cases and to explore its potential medicolegal implications for identification in mass disasters.
Methods:In this study, 102 dried human bones were selected. The scapulae were examined for changes in morphology in shape. By using a digital vernier caliper, the vertical (VD) and transverse dimensions (TD) of the notch were measured.
Results:There were 43 scapulae with a 'J' shape (39.1%), 35 scapulae with 'U' shape (31.81%), 10 'V' shaped (9.00%), eight cases of indentation (7.27%), five cases of absence (4.54%), four cases of partial STSL ossification, and five cases of full ossification. After excluding the scapulae with indentation and incomplete ligament ossification, the findings were also classified according to Natsis. Sixty-six scapulae (67.34%) had Type II, 14 scapulae (14.28%) had Type III, five (5.1%) had Type IV, and none (0.0%) had Type V. Five (5.1%) of the scapulae were Type I.
Conclusion:This study has revealed several types of suprascapular notches. Since anatomical variances are frequent throughout the population, clinicians and medicolegal experts must have a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the suprascapular notch before making diagnosis and organizing surgical procedures for suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. The findings also provide insights into the anatomical variability of the notch, which can be utilized in forensic anthropology and mass disaster victim identification protocols.
Keywords: Suprascapular notch(SSN). Nerve decompression, Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament(STSL), Forensic anthropology, Mass disaster.
The ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-15 IN AGGRAVATING THE EFFECTS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN LOW BMI YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Muhammad Gul , Shakil Muhammad , Khalid Maham , Ain Qurat Ul , Khan Salman , Shah Hakeem 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study exploring

To estimate the levels of IL-1 and IL-15 in the young adults suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) with low BMI. 2. To evaluate and compare the levels of IL-1 and IL-15 with same age and same BMI group without AN.

Methods: The study design was a descriptive-analytic, conducted over a year i.e from March 2023 to April 2024 at RMI and HMC Medical and Psychiatry OPDs. We enrolled 50 young adults (both males and females) diagnosed with AN and compared them to 50 healthy controls matched by age and BMI. This study assessed levels of IL-1 and IL-15 in young adults (ages 15-30 years) with AN.
Result: Elevated levels of IL-1 and IL-15 were observed in AN patients compared to controls, suggesting these cytokines may disrupt hypothalamic function and neurotransmitter balance, contributing to the anorexic behaviors observed in these patients. IL-1 and IL-15 were also found to have a bidirectional relationship with stress, aggravating AN symptoms. Our findings suggest that targeting these cytokines could provide new therapeutic strategies.
Conclusion: IL-1 and IL-15 play a significant role in the biological mechanisms underlying AN, influencing appetite, mood, and cognitive function. Incorporating biological treatments into current therapeutic approaches could improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on the immune system’s role in AN to develop novel treatment interventions.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, SLEEP IMPAIRMENTS AND QUALITY OF LIFE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH PAINFUL DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (PDPN) AND NON-PAINFUL NEUROPATHY (NPDPN), KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmad Waleed , Waheed Zainab , Shah Syed Abbas Ali , Alamzeb Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance between patients diagnosed with PDPN (painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy) and NPDPN (non-painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy), KPK, Pakistan.
Methods: Included 400 persons aged 30-65 diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, conducted at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's tertiary care facilities. The purposive sampling techniques were used. The patients were divided into two groups: 200 with PDPN and 200 with NPDPN. The Demographic Information Sheet, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), WHOQOL-BREF, and Sleep Disturbance Adult Measure were the questionnaires used to collect the data.
Results: In comparison to the NPDPN group, the PDPN patients reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (10.8 ± 3.2, p < 0.001) and depression (Mean ± SD: 11.2 ± 3.4, p < 0.001). The PDPN group experienced more severe sleep deficits (15.4 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). In terms of quality of life, PDPN patients had significantly lower scores in physical health (48.6 ± 12.4p < 0.001), psychological well-being (42.8 ± 11.9, p < 0.001), social relationships (51.3 ± 10.5, p < 0.001), and environment (49.2 ± 12.1, p < 0.001). Inadequate sleep, anxiety, and depression were all significant predictors of quality of life in both groups, with the PDPN group experiencing stronger consequences. These results indicate the patients' worse quality of life and increased psychological burden.
Conclusion: PDPN is linked to psychological distress, sleep problems, and decreased quality of life. Effective management should target both physical and psychological aspects.
Climate and Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Agrawal Siddhi 
Published: December 2024

Adverse effects of climate change on our environment and life have been of significant concern and this concern has become more significant because of recent extreme hurricanes and flooding in various parts of the world. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technologies are being adopted across all aspects of our life. One of the most frequent arguments in support of AI is that AI-based tools can achieve significant improvements in efficiency, which could translate into much better economic return while optimizing the use of resources. However, environmental and carbon footprints of datacenters training and facilitating the use of AI tools such as ChatGPT is enormous and is increasing rapidly with explosive growth in AI-related tools. This paper presents a detailed discussion on both beneficial and adverse aspects of AI with respect to its impacts on the climate and the environment based critical review of several available studies.
La normalización terminológica en el ámbito de la conservación-restauración de bienes patrimoniales en Chile: un estudio preliminar
Authors: Pissolato de Oliveira Luciana , Tebé Soriano Carles 
Published: December 2024

Este artículo presenta los criterios metodológicos y lingüísticos utilizados para llevar a cabo un estudio preliminar acerca del proceso de normalización de la terminología de las alteraciones en la conservación-restauración de los bienes patrimoniales de Chile.
La normalización terminológica es un trabajo eminentemente interdisciplinario. En este proyecto, involucra a profesionales del Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración (CNCR) y del Comité Nacional de Conservación Textil (CNCT) —quienes aportan su conocimiento conceptual—, junto con lingüistas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) —quienes aportan su conocimiento teórico, metodológico y práctico de la terminología, tanto como disciplina como producto—.
Este proyecto adapta, en cuanto a la metodología, instrumentos de recolección y protocolos de trabajo internacionales; los criterios lingüísticos, por otra parte, deben crearse ad hoc con objeto de respetar las idiosincrasias lingüísticas y culturales de cada contexto concreto, en este caso, el español de Chile.
Improved Efficiency for Silicon‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Interfacial Hydrophilic Modification
Authors: Yan Minxing , Tian Hongjun , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon‐based perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) possess great potential in the fields of silicon‐based display devices and on‐chip light sources. However, the contact problem between metal electrodes and solution‐processed hole/electron transport layers generally deteriorates the device performance. Here, an interfacial hydrophilic modification strategy is proposed to solve the contact issue between the metal electrode and the hole transport layer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) in Si‐based PeLEDs. By introducing an ultrathin NiOx buffer layer on the hydrophobic Au bottom electrode, the morphology of the PEDOT:PSS layer as well as the luminescence properties of the quasi‐2D perovskite layer spin‐coated on top of it are able to be dramatically improved. As a result, the optimized Si‐based PeLEDs reach a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.46% with a current efficiency of 19.7 cd A−1, which is the highest value for Si‐based quasi‐2D PeLEDs to the authors’ knowledge.
A Precisely‐Controlled Multichannel Phononic Crystal Resonant Cavity
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Jia Zhiyuan , Luo Yangjun , Wang Yaguang , Liu Pai , Kang Zhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDesigning multichannel phononic crystal (PnC) resonant cavities working at certain frequencies is highly nontrivial because the defect band location within the band gap must be precisely located. This paper discloses a new methodology of the topological design for the precisely‐controlled PnC resonant cavity. A two‐stage topological design strategy is proposed to determine the frequency ranges of the forbidden and defect bands successively. Complicated topologies of the supercell are represented only with dozens of design variables based on material‐field series expansion model and can be optimized with a gradient‐free optimization algorithm. Different PnC resonant cavity configurations that are difficult to obtain through traditional design methods are realized through the proposed strategy. A multichannel energy harvester is thus designed with the optimized supercell configurations. The device demonstrates a high localization effect (>300%), high frequency resolution of the incident wave (≈0.2 kHz), and a 2 mW power output.
Endoscopic features of high‐risk T1 colorectal cancer: A case report with literature review
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Tse , Chiu Han‐Mo , Chang Li‐Chun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Endoscopic resection is the treatment of choice for stage I colorectal cancer without risk of lymph node metastases. Unfavorable histological features predict high‐risk neoplasm; in addition, surface change of T1 cancer under image‐enhanced endoscopy also help recognition of high‐risk neoplasm. Through the case presentation, we aim to demonstrate how to discriminate the high‐risk T1 cancer from the low‐risk counterpart by image‐enhanced endoscopy. A 35‐year‐old woman without systemic diseases received screening colonoscopy, and one 1 cm IIa + IIc neoplasm was found at the transverse colon. The image‐enhanced endoscopy showed JNET type 3 under narrow band imaging, and Kudo type VI with demarcation line and focal VN at central depressed area under chromoendoscopy with crystal violet. Under an impression of high‐risk T1 cancer, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed, and the pathology showed well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis, pT1N1M0. A multidiscipline approach integrating gross morphological features, NBI, and magnifying chromoendoscopy should be applied in regular daily practice. Molecular diagnosis may aid to increase the specificity of prediction of lymph node metastases in the future. Further investigations using artificial intelligence, machine learning, or other new techniques to improve the accuracy is still warranted.
A case of “smoldering” immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura manifesting as recurrent cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Pepin Mark E. , Saca Eyad , Kwon Soo Y. , May Jori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrompt recognition and treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are critical to prevent the irreversible manifestations of this rare and quickly fatal hematologic disorder. Untreated TTP is typically a rapid‐onset disease with mortality exceeding 90% within days in the absence of appropriate treatment. In the current report, we describe a case of immune‐mediated TTP (iTTP) in a 62‐year‐old man manifesting as longstanding thrombocytopenia, recurrent cardioembolic strokes, and valvular thrombogenesis over a period of 3 years. We provide correlative evidence to support the potential contribution of adalimumab, a TNFα inhibitor, to the development of iTTP. We offer several educational insights regarding the identification of atypical presentations of iTTP owing to the longstanding disease course and numerous clinical comorbidities seen in this patient.
Constitutional Dynamic Inhibition/Activation of Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Su Dandan , Zhang Yan , Ulrich Sébastien , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Mihail Barboiu from Institut Européen des Membranes and Dr. Sebastien Ulrich from Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Montpellier, France and Prof. Yan Zhang from Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. The cover feature shows an artistic concept describing an evolutionary approach to the generation of dynamic inhibitors and activators of Carbonic Anhydrase toward constitutional self‐selection strategies. More information can be found in the Minireview by Mihail Barboiu, and co‐workers.
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation in fine needle aspiration of thyroid gland: Report of two cases
Authors: Manukyan Irena , DeBrito Pedro , Rossi Christopher T. , Russo Pierre A. , Sidawy Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare, malignant tumor of the thyroid gland that typically affects young males and has a propensity for late metastasis. With fine needle aspiration (FNA) being a primary tool for diagnosis of thyroid lesions, there are rare reports of cytological features of SETTLE on FNA since its initial characterization 30 years ago . Here we report two cases of SETTLE, involving 9‐year‐old and 15‐year‐old male patients. Both patients underwent US‐guided FNA with a subsequent resection confirming the diagnosis of SETTLE. In the first patient the thymic origin of the tumor was suspected on FNA, but the diagnosis of SETTLE was established only after resection. Five years later, this patient presented with an enlarged ipsilateral cervical lymph node. Needle biopsy confirmed it to be a metastatic tumor compatible with SETTLE. In the second patient the diagnosis of SETTLE was suggested on FNA. Cytology of the thyroid gland nodule on FNA from both patients showed loosely cohesive and single spindle‐shaped epithelial cells associated with metachromatic stroma. The differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions of the thyroid should include SETTLE based on characteristic morphological features, after more common entities of thyroid gland such as medullary carcinoma are excluded.
Preparation of flexible thin films from epitaxially grown anatase Nb: TiO2 using water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer
Authors: Hiraoka Akihiro , Fujiwara Kohei , Nishikawa Hiroaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the aim of developing new electronic functionalities for flexible devices, a transfer process for the preparation of flexible conductive thin films was examined using epitaxially grown anatase Nb: TiO2. Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) was deposited on a single‐crystalline LaAlO3 (100) substrate (LAO) as a sacrificial layer, followed by the epitaxial growth of anatase Nb: TiO2 on the sacrificial layer. The Nb: TiO2/SAO/LAO multilayer sample bonded onto a flexible polymer sheet via an adhesive tape was soaked into distilled water to transfer the epitaxially grown Nb: TiO2 thin film from SAO/LAO to the polymer sheet. The transferred anatase Nb: TiO2 thin film retained the clear X‐ray diffraction peaks. Moreover, the areal transfer ratio was almost 100%, without the generation of significant impurity phases during the transfer process. On the basis of these results, the examined process was found promising for the preparation of flexible anatase Nb: TiO2 thin films. The voltage drop–current characteristics were measured successfully at room temperature for the transferred anatase Nb: TiO2 thin film using the standard four‐probe method with gold electrodes.
Alteration of the flow distribution at a river bifurcation caused by a system of upstream dams: Case of the Grijalva River basin, Mexico
Authors: Mendoza Alejandro , Berezowsky Moisés , Caballero Christian , Arganis‐Juárez Maritza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple factors control the flow distribution in a river bifurcation. However, one factor that requires further analysis is the effect of upstream reservoirs. Such is the case of the bifurcation of the Mezcalapa River into the Samaria and Carrizal Rivers located in the lowlands of the Grijalva River basin, Mexico. Four dams were commissioned in the upper basin, the first in 1967 and the last in 1987. Since the late 1960s the distribution of the flow at the bifurcation has varied considerably. The flow captured by the Carrizal River between the late 1960s and mid 1980s gradually decreased from 40% to 10%, and later, between the mid 1980s and early 2000s, it increased up to 75%. During the same period, the Samaria River had a reversed pattern. Here, using a two‐dimensional hydro‐morphodynamical model, the impact of an upstream reservoir (that causes homogenization of the flow hydrograph and sediment retention) on bed morphology and flow distribution in a river bifurcation is analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment retention is the factor of largest impact on the flow distribution. The upstream channel incises, and the process propagates to the diffluent with the larger energy gradient developing positive feedback were the erosion increases the hydraulic capacity to capture more flow, resulting in more erosion. The flow homogenization has also an impact. The suppression of peak flows reduces the sediment load capacity in the diffluent with lower energy gradient, generating sedimentation at its entrance and diminishing its hydraulic capacity.
Sulfa drugs–based Norbornenyl imides and reductive Heck reactions: Synthesis and antimicrobial screening
Authors: Bagdatli Emine , Cil Elif 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the field of our research interest, we designed new sulfa drugs–substituted norbornyl imides as prospective bioactive scaffolds by the reaction of endo‐endic anhydride with sulfa drugs followed by reductive Heck reactions of these products. Norbornenyl imides, as starting compounds, and their Heck products were achieved in good yields. Molecular characterization and stereochemistry of the compounds were investigated using Fourier transform infrared, liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon 13 attached proton test, H‐H correlation spevtroscopy, and nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments. The Heck products of norbornenyl imides showed exo‐selectivity. All eight novel synthesized compounds, including two sulfa drugs–based norbornenyl imides and six exo‐5‐aryl‐ substituted norbornyl imides, as well as standard sulfonamides, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against nine microorganisms consisting of Gram‐negative bacteria, Gram‐positive nonactinobacteria, actinobacteria, and yeast. The most active compound was 3a against actinobacteria. The efficacy of 2 and its derivatives against the studied strains were weaker than 3 and its derivatives, but all the studied samples exhibited antifungal potency.
Machine learning to predict in‐hospital mortality among patients with severe obesity: Proof of concept study
Authors: Soffer Shelly , Zimlichman Eyal , Levin Matthew A. , Zebrowski Alexis M. , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Freeman Robert , Reich David L. , Klang Eyal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesHospitalized patients with severe obesity require adapted hospital management. The aim of this study was to evaluate a machine learning model to predict in‐hospital mortality among this population.MethodsData of unselected consecutive emergency department admissions of hospitalized patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) was analyzed. Data was retrieved from five hospitals from the Mount Sinai health system, New York. The study time frame was between January 2011 and December 2019. Data was used to train a gradient‐boosting machine learning model to identify in‐hospital mortality. The model was trained and evaluated based on the data from four hospitals and externally validated on held‐out data from the fifth hospital.ResultsA total of 14,078 hospital admissions of inpatients with severe obesity were included. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 297/14,078 (2.1%). In univariate analysis, albumin (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77), blood urea nitrogen (AUC = 0.76), acuity level (AUC = 0.73), lactate (AUC = 0.72), and chief complaint (AUC = 0.72) were the best single predictors. For Youden’s index, the model had a sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67–0.86) with a false positive rate of 1:9.ConclusionA machine learning model trained on clinical measures provides proof of concept performance in predicting mortality in patients with severe obesity. This implies that such models may help to adopt specific decision support tools for this population.
Si/SiOC/Carbon Lithium‐Ion Battery Negative Electrode with Multiple Buffer Media Derived from Cross‐Linked Dimethacrylate and Poly (dimethyl siloxane)
Authors: Wang Meimei , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Xia Yonggao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon holds a great promise for next generation lithium‐ion battery negative electrode. However, drastic volume expansion and huge mechanical stress lead to poor cyclic stability, which has been one of the major drawbacks to prevent its practical applications. In this work, difunctional methacrylate monomers and vinyl terminated poly (dimethyl siloxane) have been cross‐linked via a facile scalable thermal polymerization process, where SiOC (silicon oxycarbide) and carbon network are formed upon calcination. With the multiple buffer media of SiOC and carbon, the electrochemical properties of the Si/SiOC/C (silicon/silicon oxycarbide/carbon) nanohybrid have been effectively improved in terms of both cyclic and rate performance. After one hundred cycles the discharge capacities of Si/SiOC/C composite is also 443 mAhg−1 while the capacity retention is 83.4 %. Through charge and discharge in higher current density, the capacities can also recover to the similar level.