bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Leucine and Diabetic Nephropathy in Different Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gao Xiaoqian , Hou Ruiqin , Li Xin , Qiu Xing-Hua , Luo Hui-Huan , Liu Sheng-Lin , Fang Zhong-Ze 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate how leucine are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and the gender difference of this association.MethodsWe retrieved 1,031 consecutive patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the same tertiary care center and extracted clinical information from electronic medical record. Plasma leucine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to examine potential non-linear relationship between leucine and the risk of DN. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Additive interaction was used to estimate the interaction effect between leucine and gender for DN.ResultsWe found there was a negative correlation between leucine and the risk of DN. After stratifying all patients by gender, this relationship only remained significant in women (OR:0.57, CI:0.41–0.79).ConclusionsIn conclusion, T2D patients with high levels of leucine have a lower risk of developing DN in female.
The Recovery of Thyroid Function in Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Lobectomy: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Dou Yi , Chen Yingji , Hu Daixing , Su Xinliang 
Published: February 2021

PurposeManagement strategies after lobectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are controversial. This study aimed to identify the proportion of patients among low-risk PTC patients who do not require hormone replacement therapy and to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative hypothyroidism after lobectomy.Patients and MethodsThe records of 190 PTC patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative hypothyroidism and the recovery of thyroid function.ResultsIn summary, 74.21% of patients (141/190) had normal thyroid function without levothyroxine supplementation, while 40.53% (77/190) developed temporary or permanent hypothyroidism. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (&gt;2.62 mIU/L), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and right lobectomy were associated with hypothyroidism (all P&lt;0.05). The Area Under Curve (AUC) by logistic analysis was 0.829. Twenty-eight (28/77, 36.4%) patients recovered to the euthyroid state in the first year after surgery, and this recovery was significantly associated with preoperative TSH level. Forty-nine (49/77, 63.6%) patients developed persistent hypothyroidism. The thyroid function of most patients (11/28, 39.3%) recovered in the third month after surgery.ConclusionPatients with a lower level of preoperative TSH, with left lobectomy and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had a higher chance of normal thyroid function within the first year after lobectomy. The recovery of thyroid function was associated with the level of preoperative TSH.
Development and Multi-Data Set Verification of an RNA Binding Protein Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Glioma
Authors: Sheng Chunpeng , Chen Zhihua , Lei Jianwei , Zhu Jianming , Song Shuxin 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Increasing evidence emphasizes the clinical implications of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in cancers. This study aimed to develop a RBP signature for predicting prognosis in glioma.Methods: Two glioma datasets as training (n = 693) and validation (n = 325) sets were retrieved from the CGGA database. In the training set, univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to screen prognosis-related RBPs based on differentially expressed RBPs between WHO grade II and IV. A ten-RBP signature was then established. The predictive efficacy was evaluated by ROCs. The applicability was verified in the validation set. The pathways involving the risk scores were analyzed by ssGSEA. scRNA-seq was utilized for evaluating their expression in different glioma cell types. Moreover, their expression was externally validated between glioma and control samples.Results: Based on 39 prognosis-related RBPs, a ten RBP signature was constructed. High risk score distinctly indicated a poorer prognosis than low risk score. AUCs were separately 0.838 and 0.822 in the training and validation sets, suggesting its well performance for prognosis prediction. Following adjustment of other clinicopathological characteristics, the signature was an independent risk factor. Various cancer-related pathways were significantly activated in samples with high risk score. The scRNA-seq identified that risk RBPs were mainly expressed in glioma malignant cells. Their high expression was also found in glioma than control samples.Conclusion: This study developed a novel RBP signature for robustly predicting prognosis of glioma following multi-data set verification. These RBPs may affect the progression of glioma.
Different Modular Organization Between Early Onset and Late Onset Depression: A Study Base on Granger Causality Analysis
Authors: Mai Naikeng , Wu Yujie , Zhong Xiaomei , Chen Ben , Zhang Min , Peng Qi , Ning Yuping 
Published: February 2021

Background: Modular organization reflects the activity patterns of our brain. Different disease states may lead to different activity patterns and clinical features. Early onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD) share the same clinical symptoms, but have different treatment strategies and prognosis. Thus, explored the modular organization of EOD and LOD might help us understand their pathogenesis.Method: The study included 82 patients with late life depression (EOD 40, LOD 42) and 90 healthy controls. We evaluated the memory, executive function and processing speed and performed resting-stage functional MRI for all participants. We constructed a functional network based on Granger causality analysis and carried out modularity, normalized mutual information (NMI), Phi coefficient, within module degree z-score, and participation coefficient analyses for all the participants.Result: The Granger function network analysis suggested that the functional modularity was different among the three groups (Pauc = 0.0300), and NMI analysis confirmed that the partition of EOD was different from that of LOD (Pauc = 0.0190). Rh.10d.ROI (polar frontal cortex) and Rh.IPS1.ROI (dorsal stream visual cortex) were shown to be the potential specific nodes in the modular assignment according to the Phi coefficient (P = 0.0002, Pfdr = 0.0744 &amp; P = 0.0004, Pfdr = 0.0744).Conclusion: This study reveal that the functional modularity and partition were different between EOD and LOD in Granger function network. These findings support the hypothesis that different pathological changes might exist in EOD and LOD.
Identification of Barriers to Access Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Health Care System of Mexico: Results From a National Survey Among Endovascular Neurologists
Authors: Gongora-Rivera Fernando , Gonzalez-Aquines Alejandro , Marquez-Romero Juan Manuel ,   Neurological Endovascular Therapy – Mexican Group (NET-MX Group)
Published: February 2021

Background: Providing endovascular treatment (EVT) access for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a challenge in Latin America. Even though the Mexican Endovascular Reperfusion Registry (MERR) and the RESILIENT trial have demonstrated the feasibility of EVT of AIS in Latin America, the MERR has uncovered potential challenges to delivering EVT to AIS patients.Aim: To identify the perceived barriers to access EVT for AIS in Mexico.Methods: We surveyed endovascular neurologists in Mexico. The survey addressed the situation of thrombectomy in the country and the infrastructure and resources available in the participants' institutions. The questionnaire inquired about costs, barriers, and challenges to accessing EVT for AIS, emphasizing the prices and availability of medical devices needed for EVT.Results: We analyzed data from 21 hospitals. The most extreme identified barriers to access EVT were the lack of health coverage for EVT in the National Health System, the cost of the medical supplies for EVT, and inadequate knowledge of stroke symptoms in the general population. The median cost for EVT was USD 20,000 (IQR 7,500–20,000). From this amount, 60% (IQR 50–70%) corresponded to the costs involved with medical devices. EVT carried additional out-of-pocket costs in 90% of the hospitals, and in 57%, the costs exceed USD $10,000.Conclusion: Efforts at all government levels and society are required to tackle these barriers. An increase in and efficient use of public funding for EVT coverage and the deployment of continuous and targeted stroke education campaigns could reduce inequities in EVT access in Mexico.
Functional Gait Can Be Affected by Noise: Effects of Age and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Study
Authors: Buyle Margot , Azoidou Viktoria , Pavlou Marousa , Van Rompaey Vincent , Bamiou Doris-Eva 
Published: February 2021

Background: The ageing process may degrade an individual's balance control, hearing capacity, and cognitive function. Older adults perform worse on simultaneously executed balance and secondary tasks (i.e., dual-task performance) than younger adults and may be more vulnerable to auditory distraction.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of passive listening on functional gait in healthy older vs. younger adults, and to investigate the effect of age, functional gait, hearing ability and cognitive functioning on dual-task performance.Methods: Twenty young and 20 older healthy adults were recruited. Functional gait (Functional Gait Assessment in silent and noisy condition), hearing function (audiogram; Speech in Babble test), and cognitive ability (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) were measured.Results: Overall, a significant difference between functional gait performance in silent vs. noisy conditions was found (p = 0.022), with no significant difference in dual-task cost between the two groups (p = 0.11). Correlations were found between increasing age, worse functional gait performance, poorer hearing capacity and lower performance on cognitive function tasks. Interestingly, worse performance on attention tasks appeared to be associated with a worse functional gait performance in the noisy condition.Conclusion: Passive listening to multi-talker babble noise can affect functional gait in both young and older adults. This effect could result from the cognitive load of the babble noise, due to the engagement of attention networks by the unattended speech.
MicroRNAs Expression Patterns Predict Tumor Mutational Burden in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Liu Haizhou , Zhao Yang , Luo Tao , Liu Jungang , Liu Junjie , Pan Xiaoyan , Tang Weizhong 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTumor mutational burden (TMB) could be a measure of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in anticancer immune responses. In the present study, we determined miRNA expression patterns in patients with CRC and built a signature that predicts TMB.MethodsNext generation sequencing (NGS) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from CRC patients was performed to measure TMB levels. We used datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas to compare miRNA expression patterns in samples with high and low TMB from patients with CRC. We created an miRNA-based signature index using the selection operator (LASSO) and least absolute shrinkage method from the training set. We used an independent test set as internal validation. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to validate the miRNA-based signature classifier.ResultsTwenty-seven samples from CRC patients underwent NGS to determine the TMB level. We identified four miRNA candidates in the training set for predicting TMB (N = 311). We used the test set (N = 204) for internal validation. The four-miRNA-based signature classifier was an accurate predictor of TMB, with accuracy 0.963 in the training set. In the test set, it was 0.902; and it was 0.946 in the total set. The classifier was superior to microsatellite instability (MSI) for predicting TMB in TCGA dataset. In the validation cohort, MSI status more positively correlated with TMB levels than did the classifier. Validation from RT-qPCR showed good target discrimination of the classifier for TMB prediction.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first miRNA-based signature classifier validated using high quality clinical data to accurately predict TMB level in patients with CRC.
CTHRC1 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma and Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Fenfang , Shen Dexin , Xiong Yaoyi , Cheng Songtao , Xu Huimin , Wang Gang , Qian Kaiyu , Ju Lingao , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: February 2021

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) are the most common RCC types. RCC has high immune infiltration levels, and immunotherapy is currently one of the most promising treatments for RCC. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is an extracellular matrix protein that regulates tumor invasion and modulates the tumor microenvironment. However, the association of CTHRC1 with the prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of KIRP and KIRC has not been reported. We examined the CTHRC1 expression differences in multiple tumor tissues and normal tissues via exploring TIMER, Oncomine, and UALCAN databases. Then, we searched the Kaplan-Meier plotter database to evaluate the correlation of CTHRC1 mRNA level with clinical outcomes. Subsequently, the TIMER platform and TISIDB website were chosen to assess the correlation of CTHRC1 with tumor immune cell infiltration level. We further explored the causes of aberrant CTHRC1 expression in tumorigenesis. We found that CTHRC1 level was significantly elevated in KIRP and KIRC tissues relative to normal tissues. CTHRC1 expression associates with tumor stage, histology, lymph node metastasis, and poor clinical prognosis in KIRP. The CTHRC1 level correlates to tumor grade, stage, nodal metastasis, and worse survival prognosis. Additionally, CTHRC1 is positively related to different tumor-infiltrating immune cells in KIRP and KIRC. Moreover, CTHRC1 was closely correlated with the gene markers of diverse immune cells. Also, high CTHRC1 expression predicted a worse prognosis in KIRP and KIRC based on immune cells. Copy number variations (CNV) and DNA methylation might contribute to the abnormal upregulation of CTHRC1 in KIRP and KIRC. In conclusion, CTHRC1 can serve as a biomarker to predict the prognosis and immune infiltration in KIRP and KIRC.
Neonatal Encephalopathy Is Associated With Altered IL-8 and GM-CSF Which Correlates With Outcomes
Authors: Sweetman Deirdre U. , Strickland Tammy , Melo Ashanty M. , Kelly Lynne A. , Onwuneme Chike , Watson William R. , Murphy John F. A. , Slevin Marie , Donoghue Veronica , O'Neill Amanda , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To investigate the relationship between cytokines associated with innate immune cell activation and brain injury and outcome in infants with NE compared to neonatal controls.Methods: Serum and CSF biomarkers associated with activated neutrophils and monocytes [Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating-Factor (GM-CSF)] were serially measured using duplex immunoassays on days 1, 3 and 7 in term newborns with NE and controls. Results were compared to grade of encephalopathy, seizures, MRI brain imaging, mortality and Bayley Score of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) at 2 years of age.Results: Ninety-four infants had serum samples collected with 34 CSF samples. NE Grade II/III was significantly associated with elevated on day 2 serum IL-8. Mortality was best predicted by elevated day 1 IL-8. GM-CSF was initially elevated on day 1 and abnormal MRI imaging was associated with decreased day 2 GM-CSF. Elevated GM-CSF at day of life 6–7 correlated negatively with composite cognitive, language and motor Bayley-III scores at 2 years.Conclusion: Moderate or severe NE and mortality was associated with elevated IL-8. Day 2 GM-CSF could predict abnormal MRI results in NE and Bayley-III. Therefore, these cytokines are altered in NE and may predict early outcomes and further implicate inflammatory processes in NE.
The Effect of Initial Oxygen Exposure on Diaphragm Activity in Preterm Infants at Birth
Authors: van Leuteren Ruud W. , Scholten Anouk W. J. , Dekker Janneke , Martherus Tessa , de Jongh Frans H. , van Kaam Anton H. , te Pas Arjan B. , Hutten Jeroen 
Published: February 2021

Background: The initial FiO2 that should be used for the stabilization of preterm infants in the delivery room (DR) is still a matter of debate as both hypoxia and hyperoxia should be prevented. A recent randomized controlled trial showed that preterm infants [gestational age (GA) &lt; 30 weeks] stabilized with an initial high FiO2 (1.0) had a significantly higher breathing effort than infants stabilized with a low FiO2 (0.3). As the diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle in these infants, we aimed to describe the effects of the initial FiO2 on diaphragm activity.Methods: In a subgroup of infants from the original bi-center randomized controlled trial diaphragm activity was measured with transcutaneous electromyography of the diaphragm (dEMG), using three skin electrodes that were placed directly after birth. Diaphragm activity was compared in the first 5 min after birth. From the dEMG respiratory waveform several outcome measures were determined for comparison of the groups: average peak- and tonic inspiratory activity (dEMGpeak and dEMGton, respectively), inspiratory amplitude (dEMGamp), area under the curve (dEMGAUC) and the respiratory rate (RR).Results: Thirty-one infants were included in this subgroup, of which 29 could be analyzed [n = 15 (median GA 28.4 weeks) and n = 14 (median GA 27.9 weeks) for the 100 and 30% oxygen group, respectively]. Tonic diaphragm activity was significantly higher in the high FiO2-group (4.3 ± 2.1 μV vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 μV; p = 0.047). The other dEMG-parameters (dEMGpeak, dEMGamp, dEMGAUC) showed consistently higher values in the high FiO2 group, but did not reach statistical significance. Average RR showed similar values in both groups (34 ± 9 vs. 32 ± 10 breaths/min for the high and low oxygen group, respectively).Conclusion: Preterm infants stabilized with an initial high FiO2 showed significantly more tonic diaphragm activity and an overall trend toward a higher level of diaphragm activity than those stabilized with an initial low FiO2. These results confirm that a high initial FiO2 after birth stimulates breathing effort, which can be objectified with dEMG.
The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Stress and Addictive Behaviors in an Alcohol-Consuming Student Population in France
Authors: Flaudias Valentin , Zerhouni Oulmann , Pereira Bruno , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Boudesseul Jordane , de Chazeron Ingrid , Romo Lucia , Guillaume Sébastien , Samalin Ludovic , Cabe Julien , Bègue Laurent , Gerbaud Laurent , Rolland Benjamin , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Naassila Mickael , Brousse Georges 
Published: February 2021

Background: This study evaluated factors linked with perceived stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and addictive behaviors prior to and during lockdown in a sample of students who indicated engaging in alcohol consumption behaviors before lockdown.Methods: Cross-sectional study. French students from four universities participated in this study, and 2,760 students reported alcohol use. During the first week of lockdown, students reported their perceived levels of stress regarding COVID-19. Substance use and addictive behaviors were reported before and during lockdown, and media exposure, demographical, living conditions, and environmental stressors were reported during lockdown.Results: Women reported greater levels of stress (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.93, p &lt; 0.001). Highly-stressed students also report less social support (95% CI: −1.04 to −0.39, p &lt; 0.001) and were more likely to worry about the lockdown (95% CI: 0.27 to −0.65, p &lt; 0.001). Alcohol-related problemswere more prevalent among the most stressed students (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09, p = 0.004) as well as eating problems (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.36, p = 0.016) and problematic internet use (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14, p &lt; 0.001). Students reporting the highest levels of stress also indicated more compulsive eating during the previous seven days (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.19, p = 0.005).Conclusions: The level of stress was strongly related to four categories of variables: (i) intrinsic characteristics, (ii) addictive behaviors before lockdown, (iii) lockdown-specific conditions, and (iv) addictive behaviors during the lockdown. Several variables linked to COVID-19 were not directly linked with perceived stress, while perceived stress was found to correlate with daily life organization-related uncertainty and anticipated consequences of lockdown. Importantly, social support seems to be a protective factor on high level of stress.
THE DESIGN OF THE PROTOTYPE MOBILE MUSIC APPLICATION
Authors: Gutarova S. L. , Maksakova Ye. A. , Mosina Ye. A. , Nekrasova Ye. V. , Rassadina S. P. 
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the UI and UX concepts of popular music platforms and streaming services in terms of usability and functionality. Popular analogues of music apps are analysed – Apple music, YouTube music, Yandex music, Boom. The results of a design study devoted to the problem of promoting young performers to the music market are presented. Topicality of the problem is confirmed by the growing popularity of music
services and applications among users. The stages of developing a prototype of a music application using the Figma programme are presented. The process of team work on a prototype of a mobile application with planning of project stages and distribution of tasks between team members, using scrum technology is shown.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF SEWING PRODUCTS QUALITY DETERIORATION
Authors: Stasheva M. A. , Dryagina L. V. , Gusev B. N. 
Published: February 2021

The article discusses garments, underwear for children, made from knitted fabrics. One of the reasons for the low demand for Russia-made garments is incomplete satisfaction of consumer requirements for their quality. The analysis of defects arising at all stages of the technological process of manufacturing a product is carried out. It was found that the main group is made up of defects in the sewing and preparatory sections (about 80 % of the total number of reasons for the decrease in the quality of products). At the same time, the largest share is made up of defects arising in the sewing area (42.1 %). The efforts of the engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise should first of all be directed to eliminate these defects. For a targeted
search for the causes of defects in the process of manufacturing garments, additional factors were identified that were systematized and recommended for use.