bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and reviewing the reliability and multi-objective optimization of wind-turbine system and photovoltaic panel with intelligent algorithms
Authors: Alayi Reza , Jahangiri Mehdi , Guerrero John William Grimaldo , Akhmadeev Ravil , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich , Zanghaneh Sara Abbasi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the options for non-dependence on fossil fuels is the use of renewable energy, which has not grown significantly due to the variable nature of this type of energy. The combined use of wind and solar energy as energy sources can be a good solution to the problem of variable energy output. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to model a combination of the wind-turbine system and photovoltaic cell, which is needed to investigate their ability to supply electrical energy. To determine this important power production, real data of solar-radiation intensity and wind are used and, in modelling photovoltaic cells, the effects of ambient temperature are also considered. In order to generalize the studied system in all dimensions, different scenarios have been considered. According to the amount of electrical power generated, during the evaluation of these scenarios, two economic parameters, namely the selected scenario of a wind/solar system with diesel-generator support, was determined.
Percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair for late systolic anterior motion after surgical mitral valve repair: a case report
Authors: Ishizu Kenichi , Isotani Akihiro , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Late post-operative systolic anterior motion (SAM) is a rare but challenging issue. The feasibility of percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (PMVR) using the MitraClip to treat late refractory SAM after surgical mitral valve repair has rarely been reported in the literature.

Case summary
An 88-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve repair for a P2 prolapse 14 years before, presented with signs of congestive heart failure. Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) demonstrated significant SAM of the anterior mitral leaflet, resulting in the detachment from the posterior mitral leaflet in mid-to-late systole and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The heart team decided to perform PMVR using the MitraClip to simultaneously address the issues of SAM and MR, considering the patient’s high surgical risk. TOE after the clip deployment at the medial edge of the mitral valve, where the most severe SAM was detected, confirmed resolution of SAM with marked reduction of MR. The patient was discharged home with good haemodynamic compensation.

Discussion
Post-operative SAM typically occurs immediately after the reparative surgery and resolves with conservative treatment; however, persistent SAM requiring repeat surgery remains a serious concern. As an alternative strategy, the MitraClip has some advantages, including low procedural risk, immediately observable results, and the ability to relocate the clip. Meanwhile, the greater risk of post-procedural mitral stenosis, particularly in patients undergoing mitral repair, should be taken into account. In our case, the clip deployment at the medial edge of the valve could minimize the progression of mitral stenosis with a satisfactory reduction of MR.
Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct left ventricular remodeling via orchestrating cardiac inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Wang J W , Chong S Y , Zharkova O , Yatim S M J M , Wang X , Lim X C , Huang C , Tan C Y , Jiang J , Versteeg H H , Dewerchin M , Carmeliet P , Lam C S P , Chan M Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The coagulation protein tissue factor (TF) regulates inflammation and angiogenesis via its cytoplasmic domain in infection, cancer and diabetes. While TF is highly abundant in the heart and implicated in cardiac injuries and dysfunction, the contribution of its cytoplasmic domain in cardiac pathology remains unclear.

Purpose
We aimed to investigate the contribution of the cytoplasmic domain of TF to post-infarct myocardial injury and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling.

Methods and results
Myocardial infarction was induced by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Male mice with C57BL/Jax background were used for the study. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking the TF cytoplasmic domain (TFΔCT) had a higher survival rate (90.5% versus 70%, p=0.0298) during a 28-day follow-up after myocardial infarction. Among surviving mice, TFΔCT mice had better cardiac function and less LV remodeling (ESV: 114.5±13.1mL for WT, 67.06±10.8mL for TFΔCT, p&lt;0.001; EDV: 146.6±12.4mL for WT, 99.97±11.71mL for TFΔCT, p&lt;0.001) than wild-type mice. Bone marrow chimerism indicated that deletion of the TF cytoplasmic domain in either bone marrow-derived cells or cardiac resident cells could alleviate post-infarct cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking strain analysis revealed that the overall improvement of post-infarct cardiac performance in TFΔCT mice was attributed to reduced myocardial deformation in the peri-infarct region (strain-%: 11.14±0.97 for WT, 15.34±1.10 for TFΔCT, p=0.007; strain rate-/s: 3.89±0.26 for WT, 5.18±0.21 for TFΔCT, p=0.0005). Histological analysis demonstrated that TFΔCT hearts had in the infarct area greater proliferation of endothelial cells and myofibroblasts accompanied with better scar formation. Compared with wild-type hearts, infarcted TFΔCT hearts showed less infiltration of proinflammatory cells with concomitant lower expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1)-Rac1 axis. Furthermore, infarcted TFΔCT hearts presented markedly higher peri-infarct vessel density associated with enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and higher expression of PAR2 and PAR2-associated pro-angiogenic pathway factors.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the TF cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct cardiac injury and adverse LV remodeling via differential regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis. Targeted inhibition of the TF cytoplasmic domain-mediated intracellular signaling may ameliorate post-infarct LV remodeling without perturbing coagulation.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National University Health System of Singapore
Epidemiology of Burn-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Over 80 Years of Age
Authors: Secanho Murilo Sagrbi , Rajesh Aashish , Menezes Neto Balduino Ferreira , Maciel Ana Beatriz Pedroso de Oliveira , Chequim Merimar Maria , Rocha Cristiane , Palhares Neto Aristides Augusto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Burns cause greater morbidity and mortality in older patients owing to the physiological changes and functional status declines with age. We sought to characterize the epidemiology of burn injuries in the patient population aged over 80 years. A retrospective analysis of all patients aged &gt;80 years admitted to a tertiary burn center in Brazil over a 10-year period was conducted. Multiple parameters including comorbidities, BSA burned, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, inhalation injury, and revised Baux score were analyzed to assess association with mortality. Twenty-six patients were identified. The overall mortality rate was 42.3%. The mortality rate increased with the TBSA, with 100% mortality at &gt;20% total BSA involvement (P &lt; .001). Inhalation injury occurred in 3 (11.5%) patients, all of whom suffered mortality (P &lt; .001). ICU admission was necessary for 14 (53.8%) patients, out of which 11 (78.6%) did not survive (P &lt; .001). The revised Baux score had a significant impact on the mortality, with higher values among patients who did not survive (89.2 ± 6.2 vs 110.7 ± 17.9, P &lt; .001). Burns cause high mortality in the octogenarian and nonagenarian populations. It is important to stratify patients at high risk, institute prompt treatment and discuss goals of care early on for optimal patient outcomes.
Risk and Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection on Corneal Transplantation: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Levine Harry , Sepulveda-Beltran Paula A. , Altamirano Diego S. , Sabater Alfonso L. , Dubovy Sander R. , Flynn Harry W. , Amescua Guillermo 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection after corneal transplantation surgery, with cataract surgeries as controls, and the impact of the novel coronavirus disease pandemic in the clinical and surgical complications of corneal transplantation and cataract surgeries.

Methods:
A retrospective matched case–control study of 480 consecutive individuals who underwent surgery at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between May 2020 and November 2020. A total of 240 patients who underwent corneal transplantation with tissue obtained from the Florida Lions Eye Bank were age, race, ethnicity, and sex matched with 240 patients who underwent cataract surgery during the same day and by the same surgical team. Only the first corneal transplant or cataract surgery during this period was considered for each individual. All donors and recipients were deemed SARS-CoV-2 negative by a nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test before surgery. Postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infections were defined as previously SARS-CoV-2(−) individuals who developed symptoms or had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test during the first postoperative month.

Results:
Mean age, sex, race, and ethnicity were similar between groups. There were no differences between the corneal transplant and cataract groups in the rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection before (5.8% vs. 7.5%, P= 0.6) or after surgery (2.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 1). The rates of postoperative complications did not increase during the pandemic, compared with previously reported ranges.

Conclusions:
In this study, postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar for individuals undergoing corneal transplantation or cataract surgery. Further research is required to evaluate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through corneal tissue.
Impact of Acanthamoeba Keratitis on the Vision-Related Quality of Life of Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Carnt Nicole A. , Man Ryan E. K. , Fenwick Eva K. , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Keay Lisa J. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) caused by contact lens (CL) use on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and the sociodemographic factors and disease outcome associated with VRQOL.

Methods:
Sixty-one CL-associated AK cases and 59 asymptomatic CL wearers (mean age ±SD 39.4 ± 16.5 vs. 45.5 ± 15.2 yrs, P = 0.04) were recruited from Moorfields Eye Hospital and Institute for Optometry, London. AK cases were surveyed during active disease and were stratified into “poor” and “good” outcomes based on clinical features. VRQOL was measured using Rasch-transformed scores from the Emotional, Mobility, and Reading domains of the 32-item Impact of Visual Impairment questionnaire. AK cases were compared with controls and “poor” outcomes compared with “good” with multivariable linear regression. Multivariable linear regression models were also used to identify the sociodemographic factors and disease outcome associated with VRQOL.

Results:
AK was associated with significant and substantial reductions in all 3 evaluated domains of VRQOL (Reading −59.6%, Mobility −59.8%, and Emotional −66.2%) compared with controls, independent of sociodemographic factors. Patients with AK who experienced poor outcomes, those who were of British White race (compared with all other races) and female, had lower VRQOL scores across all domains. Patients with AK with lower incomes scored worse on Reading and Mobility domains, whereas those with lower education had poorer Emotional scores.

Conclusions:
AK has a considerable detrimental impact on VRQOL. Clinicians should consider the importance of referring patients with AK for rehabilitative support and counseling as part of active disease management.
Substance Use Disorder Treatment Through Telemedicine in the Age of CoVID-19
Authors: Onderdonk Mary , Goldstein Nancy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Telemedicine has been effective at bridging the gap between patients, providers, and health systems. As part of a large, academic medical center in Baltimore, MD, it has been found that using digital tools, particularly when access to care is otherwise limited, is beneficial to supporting recovery. However, there are barriers to telemedicine surrounding patient privacy and increased tendency of patients to avoid treatment. Maintaining personalized, evidence-based clinical care while limiting the spread of CoVID-19 has required swift adaptation from healthcare providers. The intent of this article is to discuss provider perspectives of benefits and barriers to telemedicine for substance use disorder treatment during the CoVID-19 pandemic.
“Pulsating proptosis and heavy eye syndrome precipitated by neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Lai Yi-Fen , Lee Lung-Chi , Chen Yi-Hao , Chien Ke-Hung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary disease characterized by café-au-lait spots, peripheral neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, optic nerve glioma, and sphenoid wing dysplasia. Pulsating proptosis is associated with a sphenoid bony defect. Heavy eye syndrome is characterized by acquired esohypotropia in patients with high myopia. This study aimed to describe the presentation of pulsating proptosis and heavy eye syndrome precipitated by NF1 and its management.

Patient concerns:
A 41-year-old woman presented with progressive pulsating proptosis and hypodeviation of the right eye over the past 2 years. The axial length of the right eye was 36.81 mm. The right eye presented with esohypotropia and hypoglobus. The ocular motility examination showed limitations in all directions, especially in supraduction. Brain computed tomography revealed sphenoid wing dysplasia of the right orbit. The meningocele protruded through the orbital defect, lifting the globe. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated superior rectus muscle (SR) medial displacement and lateral rectus muscle inferior displacement. Physical examination revealed café-au-lait macules and neurofibromas on the trunk.

Diagnosis:
NF1 with pulsating proptosis and heavy eye syndrome.

Interventions:
The patient declined neurosurgery due to risk and economic reasons. To manage her main concern regarding cosmetics, we performed orbital floor decompression, SR resection with advancement, maximal hang-back recession of the inferior rectus muscle, and a partial Jensen's procedure.

Outcomes:
Proptosis was reduced. The eye position became more symmetrical. The range of eye movements was also increased.

Lessons:
This case describes a rare synchronous presentation of pulsating proptosis and heavy eye syndrome precipitated by NF1. Adult-onset presentation implied a progressive process in NF1. The case also showed a different etiology from that of typical heavy eye syndrome. It reminds ophthalmologists that orbital imaging should be performed in high myopia patients with strabismus to evaluate the extraocular muscle pathway. Furthermore, the case demonstrated a management that avoided the risk and expensive cost of neurosurgery, which has not been reported.
Licensure and Driving Status among Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Robinson Joshua L. , Liu Yuhan , Chen Qingxia 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Many drivers with vision loss maintain licensure and continue to drive despite their vision falling short of legal criteria.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine what proportion of visually impaired patients continue driving despite falling short of the legal cutoffs described in state licensure laws.

METHODS
We created a driving habits survey and administered it to 335 consecutive adult low vision patients presenting for their initial evaluation at the Vanderbilt Eye Institute. We measured visual acuity and contrast sensitivity as part of the clinical evaluation and accounted for historic visual field results where indicated. We compared self-reported licensure and driving status against the vision criteria for licensure in each subject's home state.

RESULTS
Two hundred fifty-seven subjects (76.7%) possessed an unexpired license. One hundred forty-one (54.9%) of these demonstrated vision, which would meet their home state's licensure criteria. Ninety-five of 134 current drivers (70.9%) met their home state's licensure criteria. Thirty-nine current drivers (29.1%) were driving outside the bounds of licensure criteria in their state. Among licensed subjects, being a current driver was associated with younger age (P < .001), better visual acuity (P < .001), and better contrast sensitivity (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Many drivers do not possess adequate vision for licensure based on their home state's current standards. Changes to licensure qualification and renewal procedures may be advisable.
Objective Assessment of Corneal and Lens Clarity in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Aydemir Emre , Aksoy Aydemir Gozde , Atesoglu Halil İbrahim , Goker Yasin Sakir , Kiziltoprak Hasan , Ozcelik Kazim Caglar 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, can bind to epithelial cells in the human cornea and conjunctiva, which may result in changes of corneal and lenticular densitometry.

PURPOSE
We aimed to report the corneal and lenticular clarity of patients who had been diagnosed previously with confirmed infection of COVID-19.

METHODS
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Fifty-three patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and 51 healthy individuals who had not had COVID-19 (control) were included in this study. Measurement of the corneal (at a corneal diameter of 12 mm) and lens densitometry of participants was performed using a Pentacam HR Scheimpflug imaging system. Three different optimal depths as anterior, central, and posterior layers and four concentric zones, consisting of diameters of 0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, and 10 to 12 mm, were chosen to perform the corneal densitometric measurements. The mean lenticular densitometric values were calculated in zone 1 at 2.0 mm, zone 2 at 4.0 mm, and zone 3 at 6.0 mm by taking the central part of the pupil as reference point.

RESULTS
When compared with the individuals in the control group, the corneal densitometry measurements in the patients in the COVID-19 group were considerably higher in anterior 0 to 2 mm, 2 to 6 mm, 6 to 10 mm zones and total diameter; center 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 mm zones and total diameter; posterior 0 to 2 mm zone; and total corneal 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 mm zones and total diameter (P < .05, for each). When compared with the individuals in the control group, all of the lens densitometry measurements, except for those located in zone 1, were determined to be significantly higher among the patients in the COVID-19 group (P < .05, for each).

CONCLUSIONS
Significant alterations were found in corneal and lenticular densitometric values in patients who had had COVID-19. The virus could adversely affect cornea and lens transparency.
Case Report: Anisometropic Astigmatism Secondary to Unilateral Coronal Synostosis
Authors: Qayum Jennifer V. 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This case highlights the importance of performing a cycloplegic examination, including retinoscopy, on infants with the diagnosis of craniosynostosis because of the risk of refractive amblyopia.

PURPOSE
This report presents the unique case of an infant with amblyogenic anisometropic astigmatism secondary to unilateral coronal synostosis, which resolved after fronto-orbital advancement.

CASE REPORT
A 4-month, 14-day-old male infant with right unilateral coronal synostosis associated with Pfeiffer syndrome presented to the clinic with anisometropic astigmatism (right eye, +2.00 diopter sphere; left eye, +4.00 –4.75 ×170). Because of his young age, this refractive error was initially monitored. Upon follow-up examination at 6 months of age, he showed stability in his refractive error and early signs of amblyopia. Glasses were prescribed and amblyopia resolved. After cranial surgery, the patient's orbits were symmetric, and his amblyogenic astigmatism resolved.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who present to the clinic with craniosynostosis should undergo cycloplegic examinations, including retinoscopy, early in their care with the knowledge that these patients can require interventions such as glasses and amblyopia treatment.
Accuracy and Repeatability of Internet-ordered Spectacle Lenses
Authors: Gordon Adam , Twa Michael D. , Cutter Gary , Kleinstein Robert N. 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Both consumers and eye care practitioners need to know how well online optical vendors conform with the accepted standards for quality and safety. We found that almost 1 in 10 prescriptions failed to meet national standards, which is a significant improvement over previous studies.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and repeatability of spectacle lens prescriptions ordered from a sample of online vendors.

METHODS
Spectacle lens prescriptions were ordered by paid participants with no optical training who were masked to the study objectives. The prescription powers ordered (sphere, cylinder, and axis) were statistically sampled from 1000 previously filled prescriptions. A total of 100 orders were placed with each of three online vendors that included a range of high- and low-powered single vision lenses and progressive addition lenses, and duplicate orders to assess repeatability. An independent certified testing laboratory was contracted to assess conformance with voluntary consensus standards (ANSI Z80.1-2015) and Food and Drug Administration drop-ball safety testing. Lenses not meeting these standards were counted as failures.

RESULTS
The overall failure rates for the three vendors were 11.2 ± 3.2% (vendor A), 8.0 ± 2.7% (vendor B), and 8.2 ± 2.8% (vendor C). The repeatability for 20 prescriptions ordered five times from each vendor was high, with correlation coefficients greater than 90%. There were no observed lens impact failures.

CONCLUSIONS
Almost 1 in 10 spectacle lens prescriptions ordered from three online vendors failed to meet national standards for optical quality. Additional studies are needed to assess eyewear ordered online for other important patient-specific variables that can influence visual performance and ultimate acceptability of prescription eyewear, such as lens placement relative to the visual axis, frame fit, and cosmetic acceptability.