bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program Linear Menggunakan Metode Grafik
Authors: Julianis  
Published: December 2024

Program linear merupakan bagian dari Operation Research yang mempelajari masalah optimum. Prinsip pada program linear diterapkan dalam masalah nyata diantaranya dalam bidang ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan, perdagangan, transportasi, industri, sosial, dan lain-lain. masalah program linear adalah masalah yang berkaitan dengan upaya menemukan nilai optimal (nilai maksimum atau minimum) dari fungsi tujuan (yang merupakan fungsi linear dalam bentuk Z= + +… dengan variabel keputusan ,…, tergantung pada kendala/pembatas masalahyang dinyatakan dalam bentuk persamaan atau pertidaksamaan linear. Kendala/pembatas masalah disebut sebagai fungsi kendala/pembatas (constraints function), Variabel keputusan pada masalah program linear harus bernilai non negative ≥ 0, i = 1,2,…,n. Himpunan titik-titik yang memenuhi fungsi kendala dan persyaratan variabel keputusan (nonnegatif) disebut sebagai daerah penyelesaian fisibel (feasible region). Sebarang titik pada daerah penyelesaian fisibel yang menghasilkan nilai optimum (maksimum atau minimum) fungsi tujuan disebut sebagai penyelesaian optimum. Metode grafik adalah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah optimalisasi dalam programasi linier. Keterbatasan metode ini adalah variabel yang bisa digunakan terbatas (hanya dua), penggunaan 3 variabel akan sangat sulit dilakukan.
Analisis Perubahan Makna Meluas dalam Cerpen Badai yang Reda Karya Fauzia A.
Authors: Katharina Woli Namang  , Tiara Oktaviani  
Published: December 2024

This study is motivated by language where language always produces new words and new meanings that aim to meet the needs in communicating. The problem discussed is how many changes in widespread meaning are found in the short story Badai Yang Susua by Fauzia A. and how does the change in meaning expand when compared to denotative meaning or actual meaning. Based on the results of the discussion, 11 (eleven) forms of widespread meaning change were found in the short story Badai Yang Susua by Fauzia A.
Assessment of Sarcopenia and its Association with Hand Grip Strength in Elderly Population
Authors: Abbas Khadija , Hassan Syeda Zainab , Abid Iqra , Gillani Syeda Myra , Jan Akasha , Jabbar Benish 
Published: December 2024

Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in older persons that is linked to significant morbidity and death. It was defined as an age-related loss of muscle mass and deterioration in muscle strength. Hand grip strength is significantly impacted by sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in older adults has significant effects on everyday functioning and general quality of life. Elderly mortality, diminished capacity to handle the stress of a serious illness, and disability are all influenced by sarcopenia.
Objective: This study aims to find the assessment of sarcopenia and its association with hand grip strength in elderly population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the data was collected from hospitals (Iffat Anwar, Central Park Teaching hospital), private clinics and old homes (Aafiat) through non-probability convenience sampling technique. The sample size was 187. The tools used to collect data were Digital Handheld Dynamometer, SARC-F questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Data was assessed by using SPSS version 27.
Results: There is a strong association between sarcopenia and Hand Grip Strength and the P value is less than 0.05. Mean Berg Balance scale value is 45.32% and mean hand grip strength is 18.88% among the participant.
Conclusion: Participants with sarcopenia showed positive association with hand grip strength and balance. There is a strong possibility that people with sarcopenia have impaired balance and hand grip strength.
Evaluation of IL-12, IL-13, and MIP Levels in Iraqi Patients with Cholecystitis in Al-Anbar Province
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Ali , Idris Khalid Elhussein M. , Kehall Mutaman Ali A. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Cholecystitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, often associated with significant morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukins IL-12, IL-13, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) in patients diagnosed with cholecystitis.
Methods: A total of 78 patients (55 women and 23 men) admitted to Al-Anbar Teaching Hospital in Iraq from March 2022 to May 2023 were included in this observational study. Blood samples were collected to measure the concentrations of IL-12, IL-13, and MIP using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Patients were categorized based on their diagnosis of acute or chronic cholecystitis.
Results: Of the 78 patients studied, 29 were diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis, while 25 had acute cholecystitis. The concentrations of IL-12, IL-13, and MIP were significantly correlated with the severity of the condition, indicating their potential role as biomarkers in cholecystitis.
Conclusion: This study highlights the altered levels of IL-12, IL-13, and MIP in patients with cholecystitis, suggesting their involvement in the inflammatory response associated with this condition. Further research is warranted to explore their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in clinical practice.
To study the In vitro Anti-Sickling Activity of Adansonia digitata Fruits Extract on Sickle Cells
Authors: Mohammed Sara Abdalraheem Mostafa , Abdalla Elharam Ibrahim , Eisa Ibrahim Mohammad , Mohamed Hiba Yasin , Hassan Amna Bshier , Elbasheir Mohammed Mobarak 
Published: December 2024

Background: Traditional medicine is used along with synthetic pharmaceutical products to enhance health management. There is a high mortality rate of patients with sickle cell disease. Previous studies have indicated that some medicinal plants have shown anti-sickling activity, indicating a new therapeutic approach to manage people affected by this hemoglobinopathy. This study aimed to assess the in vitro anti-sickling activity of Adansonia digitata extract on sickle cells.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples used in the evaluation of the anti-sickling activity of Adansonia digitata fruits extract in this study was taken from patients known to have sickle cell disease (HB SS) attending the Sickle Cell Clinic in Khartoum state. The Emmel test was used to assess the anti-sickling activities of the plants.
Results: A significant increase in the percentage of unsickled red blood cells (p > 0.05) was observed after incubating red blood cells (RBCs) with 2% sodium metabisulfite in the presence of 1,000, 500 and 250 μg/mL Adansonia digitata methanol extract.
Conclusion: This study approved that Adansonia digitata fruits extract had a strong anti-sickling activity so it may be used for management of sickle cell disease due to its great amount of phenoland flavonoid.
Mitigating Urban Heat Islands: The Role of Green Building Strategies
Authors: Rastinifard Nasrin , Ramezani Mina 
Published: December 2024

The combined effects of local warming brought on by urbanisation and global climate change are making urban heat a growing problem for many cities. Urban heat-related issues must be addressed immediately because these phenomena have substantial negative effects on the environment, the economy, society, and human health. Although buildings play a significant role in urban heat, they also offer opportunities for mitigation through the decarbonisation of the built environment. The building industry has acknowledged green buildings (GBs) as an innovative philosophy and practice. GBs have been suggested as a way to reduce the effects of urban heat islands (UHI) and other heat-related issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important architectural factors of green buildings that effectively reduce UHI. Using an extensive literature review methodology, the study identified eighteen important references following a thorough screening of more than 1400 preliminary studies. These sources concentrate on the ways that green buildings mitigate urban heat through different approaches, such as cutting carbon emissions, lessening the effects of artificial landscapes, and enhancing energy efficiency. The findings indicate that GBs significantly contribute to reducing the urban heat problem by lowering carbon emissions, minimising artificial landscapes, and promoting energy-efficient designs. This review provides a holistic analysis of the role of GBs in urban heat mitigation, aiming to inform future research in urban planning and green building development. This manuscript addresses a critical topic for the scientific and urban planning community. It highlights the role of green buildings (GBs) in mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which is essential for combating climate change. The thorough literature review provides useful insights and identifies key strategies, such as green roofs and green infrastructure. It is valuable for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in urban development and climate resilience.
Charge Transport in Single‐Crystalline GaAs Nanobars: Impact of Band Bending Revealed by Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Pushkarev Vladimir , Němec Hynek , Paingad Vaisakh C. , Maňák Jan , Jurka Vlastimil , Novák Vít , Ostatnický Tomáš , Kužel Petr 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArrays of ultimate‐quality single‐crystalline GaAs nanobars are prepared via electron‐beam lithography in a molecular‐beam‐epitaxy‐grown GaAs layer transferred onto an electrically insulating and optically and terahertz transparent sapphire substrate. Measurements of ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity at 300 and 20 K in an array of such aligned nanobars by time‐resolved terahertz and multiterahertz spectroscopy and by time‐resolved terahertz scanning near‐field microscopy allow an in‐depth understanding of the nanoscale electron motion inside the nanobars. A detailed analysis is performed in terms of quantum mechanical calculations of the mobility of carriers and in terms of plasmonic resonance controlled by photocarrier density. The investigations reveal a band bending close to the nanobar surfaces and its prominent effects on the picosecond charge carrier dynamics, leading to an enhanced localization of electrons at longer times. Terahertz spectroscopy thus proves to become an important tool for the investigation of the role of nanostructure surfaces.
Engineered Customizable Microvessels for Progressive Vascularization in Large Regenerative Implants
Authors: Li Cuidi , Han Xiaoyu , Ma Zhenjiang , Jie Tianyang , Wang Jinwu , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInspired by the rapid angiogenesis of natural microvessels in vivo, engineered customizable microvessels (ECMVs) are developed which can naturally angiogenic sprout and induce vascular network formation via combing a celluar coaxial microfluidic extrusion technique with microsurgery post‐process. ECMVs can be used for customization of primarily pre‐vascularized soft tissue regenerative implants with personalized shape and vascular density with the aid of sacrificial printing technology. After collaborating with surrounding cells, ECMVs angiogenic sprouted and formed daughter vascular networks. Through techniques such as injection and suturing, ECMVs can also be introduced into large bone repair implants for pre‐vascularization and osteogenesis promotion. Furthermore, the microvessel networks with personalized shapes are customized by connecting the coaxial microfluidic system to a 3D printer. It is further demonstrated that the vascularization promotion and anastomose with host vessels of the ECMVs in vivo. Thus, ECMVs provide a simple engineering strategy for rapid vascularization of clinically large regenerative soft/hard tissue implants.
Electronically and Geometrically Modified Single‐Atom Fe Sites by Adjacent Fe Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhao Shu‐Na , Li Jun‐Kang , Wang Rui , Cai Jinmeng , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFe–N–C materials exhibit excellent activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as one of the most promising candidates to replace commercial Pt/C catalysts. However, it is challenging to unravel features of the superior ORR activity originating from Fe–N–C materials. In this work, the electronic and geometric structures of the isolated Fe–N–C sites and their correlations with the ORR performance are investigated by varying the secondary thermal activation temperature of a rationally designed NC‐supported Fe single‐atom catalyst (SAC). The systematic analyses demonstrate the significant role of coordinated atoms of SA and metallic Fe nanoparticles (NPs) in altering the electronic structure of isolated Fe–N–C sites. Meanwhile, strong interaction between isolated Fe–N–C sites and adjacent Fe NPs can change the geometric structure of isolated Fe–N–C sites. Theoretical calculations reveal that optimal regulation of the electronic and geometric structure of isolated Fe–N–C sites by the co‐existence of Fe NPs narrows the energy barriers of the rate‐limiting steps of ORR, resulting in outstanding ORR performance. This work not only provides the fundamental understanding of the underlying structure–activity relationship, but also sheds light on designing efficient Fe–N–C catalysts.
Polymer Stabilized Paraboloid Liquid Crystal Microlenses with Integrated Pancharatnam–Berry Phase
Authors: Perera Kelum , Padmini Haputhanhtrige Nilanthi , Mann Elizabeth , Jákli Antal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAspheric lenses reduce aberration and provide sharper images with improved spot size compared to spherical lenses. This paper demonstrates that applying shear flow can produce plano‐concave liquid crystal (LC) lens arrays with paraboloid aspheric profiles. The focal length of individual lenses, with a 0.2 mm aperture, decreases from 0.67 to 0.45 mm as the chiral dopant increases from 0 to 6 wt%. The focal length is also sensitive to the polarization state of the incoming light. The lenses are stabilized by photopolymerizing with 6 wt% of reactive monomer added to the LC. A qualitative explanation for the flow‐induced lens formation and the optical properties of the lenses is provided. The potential tunability of the lenses in various fields and their use as paraboloid reflectors are discussed.
Defective Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 for Photoreductive Deuteration of Carbonyls Using D2O as the Deuterium Source
Authors: Han Chuang , Han Guanqun , Yao Shukai , Yuan Lan , Liu Xingwu , Cao Zhi , Mannodi‐Kanakkithodi Arun , Sun Yujie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeuterium (D) labeling is of great value in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industry, and materials science. However, the state‐of‐the‐art deuteration methods generally require noble metal catalysts, expensive deuterium sources, or harsh reaction conditions. Herein, noble metal‐free and ultrathin ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) is reported as an effective photocatalyst for visible light‐driven reductive deuteration of carbonyls to produce deuterated alcohols using heavy water (D2O) as the sole deuterium source. Defective two‐dimensional ZIS nanosheets (D‐ZIS) are prepared in a surfactant assisted bottom‐up route exhibited much enhanced performance than the pristine ZIS counterpart. A systematic study is carried out to elucidate the contributing factors and it is found that the in situ surfactant modification enabled D‐ZIS to expose more defect sites for charge carrier separation and active D‐species generation, as well as high specific surface area, all of which are beneficial for the desirable deuteration reaction. This work highlights the great potential in developing low‐cost semiconductor‐based photocatalysts for organic deuteration in D2O, circumventing expensive deuterium reagents and harsh conditions.
A Multimodal Multi‐Shank Fluorescence Neural Probe for Cell‐Type‐Specific Electrophysiology in Multiple Regions across a Neural Circuit
Authors: Chou Namsun , Shin Hyogeun , Kim Kanghwan , Chae Uikyu , Jang Minsu , Jeong Ui‐Jin , Hwang Kyeong‐Seob , Yi Bumjun , Lee Seung Eun , Woo Jiwan , Cho Yakdol , Lee Changhyuk , Baker Bradley J. , Oh Soo‐Jin , Nam Min‐Ho , Choi Nakwon , Cho Il‐Joo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCell‐type‐specific, activity‐dependent electrophysiology can allow in‐depth analysis of functional connectivity inside complex neural circuits composed of various cell types. To date, optics‐based fluorescence recording devices enable monitoring cell‐type‐specific activities. However, the monitoring is typically limited to a single brain region, and the temporal resolution is significantly low. Herein, a multimodal multi‐shank fluorescence neural probe that allows cell‐type‐specific electrophysiology from multiple deep‐brain regions at a high spatiotemporal resolution is presented. A photodiode and an electrode‐array pair are monolithically integrated on each tip of a minimal‐form‐factor silicon device. Both fluorescence and electrical signals are successfully measured simultaneously in GCaMP6f expressing mice, and the cell type from sorted neural spikes is identified. The probe's capability of combined electro‐optical recordings for cell‐type‐specific electrophysiology at multiple brain regions within a neural circuit is demonstrated. The new experimental paradigm to enable the precise investigation of functional connectivity inside and across complex neural circuits composed of various cell types is expected.
A study on hydrocarbon resins as an advanced material for performance enhancement of radial passenger tyre tread compound
Authors: Shee Biswajit , Chanda Jagannath , Dasgupta Mridul , Sen Amit Kumar , Bhattacharyya Sanjay Kumar , Das Gupta Saikat , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvancement in radial passenger car tyre tread compound introduces performance resin as a potential ingredient to improve wet grip (WG) and rolling resistance (RR). In this direction, our approach is to investigate the effect of two types of performance resins as Resin‐1 (mixture of aliphatic and aromatic) and Resin‐2 (aliphatic hydrocarbon) in silica filled solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR)/butadiene rubber (BR) based tread cap compound. Resin‐1 and Resin‐2 replaced low poly cyclic aromatic (PCA) oil by 10 phr (partially) and 20 phr (completely) with respect to the reference compound. It was observed that Resin‐1 has improved WG by 18% and 52%, whereas Resin‐2 showed 33% and 54% improvement at 10 phr and 20 phr replacement, respectively. Microscopic analysis was carried out to identify the dispersion of silica after replacement of oil by resins. Abrasion and fatigue resistance were studied by Laboratory Abrasion Tester (LAT‐100) and Tear Fatigue Analyzer (TFA) to understand the wear and fracture behavior of the modified compounds. Resin‐2 displayed 54% improvements in WG keeping similar RR and fatigue resistance by complete replacement of oil, whereas partial replacement was not appreciated due to less impact in dynamic mechanical properties.
Super‐twisting disturbance observer‐based intelligence adaptive fault‐tolerant formation control for a class of CAUS with switching topology
Authors: Gao Erxin , Ning Xin , Wang Zheng , Yue Xiaokui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a super‐twisting disturbance observer (STDO)‐based intelligence adaptive fault‐tolerant formation control structure for cluster aerospace unmanned systems (CAUSs) subject to the external disturbances and actuator faults with switching topology. Firstly, in order to surmount the effects of the actuator unknown control gain and the deviation faults, a number of adaptive laws are developed. Secondly, benefiting from the precisely performance of STDO, we introduced a compensation term into the controller design to overcome the influence of the high dynamic external disturbances. Moreover, in order to achieve the communication and update of the information, CAUS controller maintains the leader‐following consensus under the switching communication topology, which can promote the adaptability of the time‐varying actual task demands. Numerical simulation results are demonstrated to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed STDO‐based intelligence adaptive formation control method for the CAUS.
Quantization control for flexible manipulators with PDE model
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Yang Hongjun , Liu Jinkun , Wang Shuquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two different quantization control laws are proposed for the single‐link manipulator system with horizontal motion and input signal quantization. Considering the characteristics of distributed parameters of the flexible system, the dynamic model of the system is represented by partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary conditions. One of the control laws is proposed to follow the desired time‐varying joint angle and eliminate boundary deformation of the link simultaneously. The other control law is proposed to track the required constant angle and suppress the distributed deformation of the link. The two control schemes can not only guarantee the stability of the system but also meet the control requirements under the premise of input signal quantization. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the performance of the controller.
Isothermal titration calorimetric assessment of lignin conversion by laccases
Authors: A. Islam Shams T. , Zhang Jie , Tonin Fabio , Hinderks Renske , Deurloo Yanthi N. , Urlacher Vlada B. , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLignin valorization may offer a sustainable approach to achieve a chemical industry that is not completely dependent on fossil resources for the production of aromatics. However, lignin is a recalcitrant, heterogeneous, and complex polymeric compound for which only very few catalysts can act in a predictable and reproducible manner. Laccase is one of those catalysts and has often been referred to as an ideal “green” catalyst, as it is able to oxidize various linkages within lignin to release aromatic products, with the use of molecular oxygen and formation of water as the only side product. The extent and rate of laccase‐catalyzed lignin conversion were measured using the label‐free analytical technique isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). IITC provides the molar enthalpy of the reaction, which reflects the extent of conversion and the time‐dependent power trace, which reflects the rate of the reaction. Calorimetric assessment of the lignin conversion brought about by various fungal and bacterial laccases in the absence of mediators showed marked differences in the extent and rate of conversion for the different enzymes. Kraft lignin conversion by Trametes versicolor laccase followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics and was characterized by the following thermodynamic and kinetic parameters ΔHITC = −(2.06 ± 0.06)·103 kJ mol−1, KM = 6.6 ± 1.2 μM and Vmax = 0.30 ± 0.02 U/mg at 25°C and pH 6.5. We envision calorimetric techniques as important tools for the development of enzymatic lignin valorization strategies.