bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Leishmania infantum resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B after treatment of a dog with miltefosine and allopurinol
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo , Campos Monique Paiva , Gonçalves Alessandra Silva , Medeiros Lia Carolina Soares , Figueiredo Fabiano Borges 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeishmania infantumis the most important etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas and Mediterranean region, and the dog is the main host. Miltefosine was authorized to treat canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Brazil in 2017, but there is a persistent fear of the emergence of parasites resistant not only to this drug but, through cross-resistance mechanisms, also to meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B. Additionally, the literature shows that acquisition of resistance is followed by increased parasite fitness, with higher rates of proliferation, infectivity and metacyclogenesis, which are drivers of parasite virulence. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of treating a dog with miltefosine and allopurinol on the generation of parasites resistant to miltefosine, amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate.MethodsIn vitro susceptibility tests were conducted against miltefosine, amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate with T0 (parasites isolated from a dog before treatment with miltefosine plus allopurinol), T1 (after 1 course of treatment) and T2 (after 2 courses of treatment) isolates. The rates of cell proliferation, infectivity and metacyclogenesis of the isolates were also evaluated.ResultsThe results indicate a gradual increase in parasite resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B with increasing the number of treatment courses. An increasing trend in the metacyclogenesis rate of the parasites was also observed as drug resistance increased.ConclusionThe data indicates an increasedL. infantumresistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B after the treatment of a dog with miltefosine plus allopurinol. Further studies with a larger number ofL. infantumstrains isolated from dogs with varied immune response profiles and undergoing different treatment regimes, are advocated.Graphical Abstract
Randomized controlled trial of ragweed sublingual immunotherapy tablet in the subpopulation of Canadian children and adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Ellis Anne K. , Gagnon Remi , Bernstein David I. , Nolte Hendrik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Post hoc analyses of randomized placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy and tolerability of the ragweed sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet in Canadian adults with ragweed pollen-induced allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis (AR/C). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of the ragweed SLIT-tablet in the subpopulation of Canadian children and adolescents with AR/C in a previously described randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods
The trial (NCT02478398) was conducted in North American and European children/adolescents ages 5–17 years with ragweed pollen-induced AR/C with or without asthma (FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted). Participants were randomized to daily ragweed SLIT-tablet (12 Amb a 1-U) or placebo for up to 28 weeks. The primary endpoint was the average total combined score (TCS; sum of rhinoconjunctivitis daily symptom score [DSS] and daily medication score [DMS]) during peak ragweed pollen season (RPS). Key secondary endpoints were TCS during the entire RPS, and DSS and DMS during peak RPS. Post hoc analyses of the primary and key secondary endpoints were conducted in the subpopulation of Canadian participants.

Results
Of the 1025 randomized participants, 246 (SLIT-tablet, n = 116; placebo, n = 130) were in the Canadian subpopulation. In the total study population, relative TCS (95% CI) improvement with ragweed SLIT-tablet versus placebo was − 38.3% (− 46.0%, − 29.7%; least square [LS] mean difference, − 2.73; P < 0.001) during peak RPS. In the Canadian subpopulation, relative TCS improvements with ragweed SLIT-tablet versus placebo were − 40.8% (− 54.5%, − 20.2%; LS mean difference, − 1.59; P = 0.001) during peak RPS and − 36.6% (− 50.2%, − 16.5%; LS mean difference, − 1.36; P = 0.002) during the entire RPS. DSS and DMS during peak RPS in the Canadian subpopulation improved with SLIT-tablet versus placebo by − 30.6% (− 45.2%, − 7.7%; LS mean difference, − 0.94; P = 0.010) and − 77.2% (− 97.5%, − 44.2%; LS mean difference, − 0.66; P = 0.003), respectively. No events of anaphylaxis, airway compromise, intramuscular epinephrine administration, eosinophilic esophagitis, or severe treatment-related systemic allergic reactions were reported in the overall population or Canadian subpopulation.

Conclusion
Efficacy and safety of the ragweed SLIT-tablet in Canadian children/adolescents with ragweed pollen-induced AR/C was consistent with the total study population. The ragweed SLIT-tablet resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms, decreased symptom-relieving medication use, and was well tolerated in Canadian children/adolescents.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02478398. Registered June 23, 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02478398?term=NCT02478398&draw=2&rank=1
Deep neuromuscular block reduces the incidence of intra-operative complications during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Reijnders-Boerboom Gabby T. J. A. , van Helden Esmee V. , Minnee Robert C. , Albers Kim I. , Bruintjes Moira H. D. , Dahan Albert , Martini Chris H. , d’Ancona Frank C. H. , Scheffer Gert-Jan , Keijzer Christiaan , Warlé Michiel C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Study objective
To assess whether different intensities of intra-abdominal pressure and deep neuromuscular blockade influence the risk of intra-operative surgical complications during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Design
A pooled analysis of ten previously performed prospective randomized controlled trials.

Setting
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy performed in four academic hospitals in the Netherlands: Radboudumc, Leiden UMC, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, and Amsterdam UMC.

Patients
Five hundred fifty-six patients undergoing a transperitoneal, fully laparoscopic donor nephrectomy enrolled in ten prospective, randomized controlled trials conducted in the Netherlands from 2001 to 2017.

Interventions
Moderate (tetanic count of four > 1) versus deep (post-tetanic count 1–5) neuromuscular blockade and standard (≥10 mmHg) versus low (<10 mmHg) intra-abdominal pressure.

Measurements
The primary endpoint is the number of intra-operative surgical complications defined as any deviation from the ideal intra-operative course occurring between skin incision and closure with five severity grades, according to ClassIntra. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of intra- and postoperative complications.

Main results
In 53/556 (9.5%) patients, an intra-operative complication with ClassIntra grade ≥ 2 occurred. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed standard intra-abdominal pressure (OR 0.318, 95% CI 0.118–0.862; p = 0.024) as a predictor of less intra-operative complications and moderate neuromuscular blockade (OR 3.518, 95% CI 1.244–9.948; p = 0.018) as a predictor of more intra-operative complications. Postoperative complications occurred in 31/556 (6.8%), without significant predictors in multiple logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that the use of deep neuromuscular blockade could increase safety during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Future randomized clinical trials should be performed to confirm this and to pursue whether it also applies to other types of laparoscopic surgery.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov LEOPARD-2 (NCT02146417), LEOPARD-3 trial (NCT02602964), and RELAX-1 study (NCT02838134), Klop et al. (NTR 3096), Dols et al. 2014 (NTR1433).
Identification of ACOT13 and PTGER2 as novel candidate genes of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease through whole exome sequencing
Authors: Du Na , Dong Dan , Sun Luyao , Che Lihe , Li Xiaohua , Liu Yong , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic kidney disorder. Half of the patients would slowly progress to end-stage renal disease. However, the potential target for ADPKD treatment is still lacking.

Methods
Four ADPKD patients and two healthy family members were included in this study. The peripheral blood samples were obtained and tested by the whole exome sequencing (WES). The autosomal mutations in ADPKD patients were retained as candidate sites. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein–protein interaction network (PPI) analyses were performed by clusterProfiler R package. A dataset containing 18 ADPKD patients and three normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using the limma R package.

Results
A total of six mutant genes were identified based on the dominant genetic pattern and most of them had not been reported to be associated with ADPKD. Furthermore, 19 harmful genes were selected according to the harmfulness of mutation. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the processes of single-organism cellular process, response to stimulus, plasma membrane, cell periphery, and anion binding as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway and pathways in cancer were significantly enriched. Through integrating PPI and gene expression analyses, acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (ACOT13), which has not been reported to be related to ADPKD, and prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) were identified as potential genes associated with ADPKD.

Conclusions
Through combination of WES, gene expression, and PPI network analyses, we identified ACOT13 and PTGER2 as potential ADPKD-related genes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for SARS-CoV-2: a multi-centered, prospective, observational study in critically ill 92 patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhumaid Saad , Al Mutair Abbas , Alghazal Header A. , Alhaddad Ali J. , Al-Helal Hassan , Al Salman Sadiq A. , Alali Jalal , Almahmoud Sana , Alhejy Zulfa M. , Albagshi Ahmad A. , Muhammad Javed , Khan Amjad , Sulaiman Tarek , Al-Mozaini Maha , Dhama Kuldeep , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Rabaan Ali A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as a rescue strategy in patients with severe with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there has been little evidence of its efficacy.

Objectives
To describe the effect of ECMO rescue therapy on patient-important outcomes in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
A case series study was conducted for the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients who were admitted to the ICUs of 22 Saudi hospitals, between March 1, 2020, and October 30, 2020, by reviewing patient’s medical records prospectively.

Results
ECMO use was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (40.2% vs. 48.9%; p = 0.000); lower COVID-19 virological cure (41.3% vs 14.1%, p = 0.000); and longer hospitalization (20.2 days vs 29.1 days; p = 0.000), ICU stay (12.6 vs 26 days; p = 0.000) and mechanical ventilation use (14.2 days vs 22.4 days; p = 0.000) compared to non-ECMO group. Also, there was a high number of patients with septic shock (19.6%) and multiple organ failure (10.9%); and more complications occurred at any time during hospitalization [pneumothorax (5% vs 29.3%, p = 0.000), bleeding requiring blood transfusion (7.1% vs 38%, p = 0.000), pulmonary embolism (6.4% vs 15.2%, p = 0.016), and gastrointestinal bleeding (3.3% vs 8.7%, p = 0.017)] in the ECMO group. However, PaO2 was significantly higher in the 72-h post-ECMO initiation group and PCO2 was significantly lower in the 72-h post-ECMO start group than those in the 12-h pre-ECMO group (62.9 vs. 70 mmHg, p = 0.002 and 61.8 vs. 51 mmHg, p = 0.042, respectively).

Conclusion
Following the use of ECMO, the mortality rate of patients and length of ICU and hospital stay were not improved. However, these findings need to be carefully interpreted, as most of our cohort patients were relatively old and had multiple severe comorbidities. Future randomized trials, although challenging to conduct, are highly needed to confirm or dispute reported observations.
Risk factors of asthma in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sio Yang Yie , Chew Fook Tim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveAn increasing trend of asthma prevalence was observed in Asia; however, contributions of environmental and host-related risk factors to the development of this disease remain uncertain. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for asthma-associated risk factors reported in Asia.MethodsWe systematically searched three public databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) in Feb 2021. We only included articles that reported environmental and host-related risk factors associated with asthma in the Asian population. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for frequently reported asthma-associated risk factors to provide an overall risk estimate of asthma development.ResultsOf 4030 records obtained from public databases, 289 articles were selected for review. The most frequently reported asthma-associated risk factor was the family history of allergy-related conditions. The random-effect asthma risk estimates (pooled odds ratio,OR) were 4.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.73–5.82) for the family history of asthma, 3.50 (95%CI: 2.62–4.67) for the family history of atopy, 3.57 (95%CI: 3.03–4.22) for the family history of any allergic diseases, 1.96 (95%CI: 1.47–2.61) for the family history of allergic rhinitis, and 2.75 (95%CI: 1.12–6.76) for the family history of atopic dermatitis. For housing-related factors, including the presence of mold, mold spots, mold odor, cockroach, water damage, and incense burning, the random-effect pooledORranged from 1.43 to 1.73. Other risk factors with significant pooledORfor asthma development included male gender (1.30, 95%CI: 1.23–1.38), cigarette smoke exposure (1.44, 95%CI: 1.30–1.60), cigarette smoking (1.66, 95%CI: 1.44–1.90), body mass index (BMI)–related parameters (pooledORranged from 1.06 to 2.02), various types of air pollution (NO2, PM10, and O3; pooledORranged from 1.03 to 1.22), and pre- and perinatal factors (low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section; pooledORranged from 1.14 to 1.32).ConclusionsThe family history of asthma was the most frequently reported risk factor for asthma development in Asia with the highest risk estimate for asthma development. This suggests a major role of the genetic component in asthma pathogenesis. Further study on asthma genetics is required to improve the current understanding of asthma etiology.
Elevated LDH greater than 400 U/L portends poorer overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in a real world multi-ethnic cohort
Authors: Rabinovich Emma , Pradhan Kith , Sica R. Alejandro , Bachier-Rodriguez Lizamarie , Mantzaris Ioannis , Kornblum Noah , Shastri Aditi , Gritsman Kira , Goldfinger Mendel , Verma Amit , Braunschweig Ira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have shown striking clinical activity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma but robust biomarkers predictive of responsiveness are still needed. We treated a multi-ethnic cohort of 31 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with axicabtagene ciloleucel with an overall response rate of 71%. Analysis of various biomarkers identified a significant decrease in overall survival with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, measured both at time of cell infusion and before lymphodepletion. Lactate dehydrogenase was prognostic in a multivariate analysis [HR = 1.47 (1.1–2.0)] and a value of 400 U/L at time of infusion and a value of 440 U/L before lymphodepletion provided the best prognostic cutoffs for overall survival in our cohort. These data demonstrate efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in a diverse inner city population and demonstrate novel lactate dehydrogenase cutoffs as prognostic biomarkers.
Genotypic variation in root morphology, cotton subtending leaf physiology and fiber quality against nitrogen
Authors: ASIF Iqbal , DONG Qiang , WANG Xiangru , GUI Huiping , ZHANG Hengheng , PANG Nianchang , ZHANG Xiling , SONG Meizhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNitrogen (N) is important for improving various morphological and physiological processes of cotton but their contribution to fiber quality is still lacking.AimsThe current study aimed to explore the relationship between root morphology, subtending leaf physiology, and fiber quality of contrasting N-efficient cotton genotypes in response to N.MethodsWe analyzed the above parameters of CCRI 69 (N-efficient) and Xinluzao-30 (XLZ-30, N-inefficient) under control (2.5 mmol·L−1) and high N (5 mmol·L−1) conditions.ResultsThe results showed that root morphological traits were increased in CCRI-69 under control conditions than high N. Subtending leaf morphology, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, free amino acids, and soluble proteins were higher under high N as compared with the control. However, soluble sugars, fructose, sucrose contents, and sucrose phosphate synthase were higher under control conditions than high N across the growth stages. Irrespective of the N conditions, all morphological and physiological traits of cotton subtending leaf were higher in CCRI-69 than XLZ-30. Except for fiber uniformity, fiber quality traits like fiber length, strength, micronaire, and elongation were improved under control conditions than high N. Between the genotypes, CCRI-69 had significantly higher fiber length, strength, micronaire, and elongation as compared with XLZ-30. Strong positive correlations were found between root morphology, soluble sugars, sucrose content, and sucrose phosphate synthase activity with fiber quality traits, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CCRI-69 performed better in terms of growth and fiber quality under relatively low N condition, which will help to reduce fertilizer use, the cost of production, and environmental pollution.
Interprofessional Internet Consultations: The Potential Benefits and Perils of eConsults
Authors: Kass Joseph S. , Rose Rachel V. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the question of whether neurologists performing interprofessional internet consultations, known as eConsults, face the same malpractice liability as for face-to-face patient care. Because the physician-patient relationship is usually unambiguous, determining the scope of legal liability arising from these relatively new approaches to patient care requires understanding the types of interactions courts have found to establish a patient-physician relationship.
The Transformation of Documenting and Coding: Evaluation and Management Codes for Outpatient Neurology Services
Authors: Villanueva Raissa , Busis Neil A. , Cohen Bruce H. , Ciccarelli Luana 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the optimal ways to document and code for outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) codes. Since the changes for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 99202-99215 were finalized for 2021, they have been modified by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in their Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and by technical corrections issued on March 9, 2021. The 21st Century Cures Act mandated that patients can access their notes and test results immediately. These developments have transformed medical documentation and coding for outpatient E/M services. One year in, the authors have a better understanding of the subtleties of documenting and accurately determining levels of service for outpatient encounters using these new rules and regulations, and they share key insights gained by experience with the new system.
The Mental Health of Athletes: Recreational to Elite
Authors: Reardon Claudia L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Athletes at all levels of competition are susceptible to mental health symptoms and disorders, and this has been a topic of increased research attention in recent years. The most common such conditions will be highlighted in this article, with a clinical focus on unique aspects of presentation, diagnosis, and management among athletes. Conditions addressed include depression, anxiety and related disorders, eating disorders, sleep concerns, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar and psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Athletes experience particular physiologic and psychosocial demands that impact how they present symptomatically and how treatment modalities, including psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatments, impact them.
Comparison of sleep and health behaviors among diabetic patients and non-diabetics in Phitsanulok, Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Juntarawijit Chudchawal , Juntarawijit Yuwayong 
Published: December 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem. To avoid disease complications, diabetic patients have to control their blood glucose and maintain a healthy lifestyle including a healthy diet, weight control, moderate exercise, and smoking cessation. Methods: This study aimed to survey sleep, eating, and exercise behaviors of diabetic patients in Bang Rakam district, a rural community in Phitsanulok province, Thailand. The data on sleep and other health behaviors were taken from 1,385 T2DM patients and 1,394 non-T2DM controls, who were aged 30 - 85 years and were free from other chronic diseases. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Compared to the control group, the diabetes group had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI). However, fewer of them were found to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. Most of the participants were ‘morning people’ who slept 7-9 hours per day. It was found that sleep ≥8 hours increased the risk of diabetes among women (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.56). The diabetes group reported eating chicken and vegetables more than the control group. They also avoided eating beef and eating more than a cup of rice per meal. However, the T2DM group did fewer physical activities, such as walking, biking, or playing sports, during their leisure time. Conclusions: Compared to the control group, diabetic patients in a rural community of Thailand had healthier sleep, lifestyle, and eating behaviors but not healthier exercise behaviors, especially among obese women. Diabetes prevention programs should emphasize and promote weight control and increasing levels of exercise.