bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated interdisciplinary workflows for research on historical newspapers: Perspectives from humanities scholars, computer scientists, and librarians
Authors: Oberbichler Sarah , Boroş Emanuela , Doucet Antoine , Marjanen Jani , Pfanzelter Eva , Rautiainen Juha , Toivonen Hannu , Tolonen Mikko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article considers the interdisciplinary opportunities and challenges of working with digital cultural heritage, such as digitized historical newspapers, and proposes an integrated digital hermeneutics workflow to combine purely disciplinary research approaches from computer science, humanities, and library work. Common interests and motivations of the above‐mentioned disciplines have resulted in interdisciplinary projects and collaborations such as the NewsEye project, which is working on novel solutions on how digital heritage data is (re)searched, accessed, used, and analyzed. We argue that collaborations of different disciplines can benefit from a good understanding of the workflows and traditions of each of the disciplines involved but must find integrated approaches to successfully exploit the full potential of digitized sources. The paper is furthermore providing an insight into digital tools, methods, and hermeneutics in action, showing that integrated interdisciplinary research needs to build something in between the disciplines while respecting and understanding each other's expertise and expectations.
Lithium Polystyrene Sulfonate as a Hole Transport Material in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Khawaja Kausar , Khan Yeasin , Park Yu Jung , Lee Jin Hee , Kang Ju Hwan , Kim Kiwoong , Yi Yeonjin , Seo Jung Hwa , Walker Bright 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the exceptional efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), further improvements can be made to bring their power conversion efficiencies (PCE) closer to the Shockley‐Queisser limit, while the development of cost‐effective strategies to produce high‐performance devices are needed for them to reach their potential as a widespread energy source. In this context, there is a need to improve existing charge transport layers (CTLs) or introduce new CTLs. In this contribution, we introduced a new polyelectrolyte (lithium poly(styrene sulfonate (PSS))) (Li:PSS) polyelectrolyte as an HTL in inverted PSCs, where Li+ can act as a counter ion for the PSS backbone. The negative charge on the PSS backbone can stabilize the presence of p‐type carriers and p‐doping at the anode. Simple Li:PSS performed poorly due to poor surface coverage and voids existence in perovskite film as well as low conductivity. PEDOT:PSS was added to increase the conductivity to the simple Li:PSS solution before its use which also resulted in lower performance. Furthermore, a bilayer of PEDOT:PSS and Li:PSS was employed, which outperformed simple PEDOT:PSS due to high quality of perovskite film with large grain size also the large electron injection barrier (ϕe) impeded back diffusion of electrons towards anode. As a consequence, devices employing PEDOT:PSS / Li:PSS bilayers gave the highest PCE of 18.64%.
An interlaboratory study on EPA methods 537.1 and 533 for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance analyses
Authors: Whitaker Joshua S. , Hrabak Robert B. , Ramos Marnellie , Neslund Charles , Li Yongtao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Methods 537.1 and 533 were developed for analysis of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water. They have been also widely used for source water assessments. However, there are few studies reportedly supporting such applications. The main purpose of this interlaboratory study was to evaluate the performance of these two methods for use with both potable and nonpotable waters. The obtained matrix spike recoveries indicate that both methods are generally applicable for analysis of PFAS in pristine nonpotable water matrices, however, with a notable challenge for effectively extracting long‐chain PFAS from some nonpotable water matrices. Another challenge associated with EPA Method 533 is the impacts likely caused by co‐extracted common inorganic anions on those PFAS that do not have their own isotopically labeled analogues available. The experimental results indicate that these challenges can be successfully resolved or reduced by enhancing postextraction bottle rinsing and elution procedures.Article Impact StatementThis study indicates that Environmental Protection Agency Methods 537.1 and 533 are applicable for pristine nonpotable water per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance analysis or source water assessment.
Hierarchical assemblies of polypeptoids for rational design of advanced functional nanomaterials
Authors: Zhao Mingfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolypeptoids (poly‐N‐substituent glycines) are a class of highly tailorable peptidomimetic polymers. Polypeptoids have identical backbones as polypeptides (poly‐C‐substituent glycines), but sidechains of polypeptoids are appended to backbone nitrogen rather than α‐carbon of polypeptides. As a result, peptoid backbone lacks of chirality and hydrogen bond donors. This unique structure gives polypeptoids a combined merit of both high stability as synthetic polymers and biocompatibility as biopolymers. In addition, peptoid sequences can be engineered precisely to assemble specific crystalline patterns such as spheres, fibers, ribbons, tubes, and sheets, which shows promising potentials of polypeptoids for different applications such as antimicrobials, catalysts, drug delivery, and templating inorganic materials. In this review, we summarize recent investigations into hierarchical self‐assembly pathways and molecular structures of peptoid crystals that are of interest as templates for fabricating functional materials for potential biomedical, biochemical, and bioengineering applications. This review provides a summary of recent experimental and computational studies of polypeptoid assembly in solution and solid‐liquid interfaces, current achievements in the field, and discusses future challenges and opportunities for the rational design of self‐assembled polypeptoid nanomaterials.
Design of transfections: Implementation of design of experiments for cell transfection fine tuning
Authors: Mancinelli Sara , Turcato Andrea , Kisslinger Annamaria , Bongiovanni Antonella , Zazzu Valeria , Lanati Antonella , Liguori Giovanna Lucia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransfection is the process by which nucleic acids are introduced into eukaryotic cells. This is fundamental in basic research for studying gene function and modulation of gene expression as well as for many bioprocesses in the manufacturing of clinical‐grade recombinant biologics from cells. Transfection efficiency is a critical parameter to increase biologics' productivity; the right protocol has to be identified to ensure high transfection efficiency and therefore high product yield. Design of experiments (DoE) is a mathematical method that has become a key tool in bioprocess development. Based on the DoE method, we developed an operational flow that we called “Design of Transfections” (DoT) for specific transfection modeling and identification of the optimal transfection conditions. As a proof of principle, we applied the DoT workflow to optimize a cell transfection chemical protocol for neural progenitors, using polyethyleneimine (PEI). We simultaneously varied key influencing factors, namely concentration and type of PEI, DNA concentration, and cell density. The transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence imaging followed by automatic counting of the green fluorescent transfected cells. Taking advantage of the DoT workflow, we developed a new simple, efficient, and economically advantageous PEI transfection protocol through which we were able to obtain a transfection efficiency of 34%.
Antennapedia‐derived positively‐charged peptide faces multiple problems upon their usage as targeting ligand for liposomal doxorubicin
Authors: Kousani Sima , Karimi Maryam , Teymouri Manouchehr , Navashenaq Jamshid gholizadeh , Darban Shahrzad Amiri , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe positively‐charged peptide antp derived from Antennapedia transcription protein is demonstrated to mediate the liposome translocation across the cell membrane. In the current investigation, we prepared a stable liposomal doxorubicin (Dox) formulation and targeted it with the antp peptide from 0 to 200 ligand/liposome. These antp‐containing liposomes were investigated in terms of physical stability on storage in the refrigerator and upon incubation in blood. Also, other features like cell binding, uptake, biodistribution, and treatment efficiency were evaluated in C26 colon carcinoma BALB/c mice. The Antp in liposomes resulted in enhanced particle growth with the development of the enormously large liposomes from 2000 to 6000 nm. Upon incubation in blood, these large liposomes were removed. The antp also enhanced the cell binding affinity and cell uptake rate of the liposomes and resulted in the restriction of the cancer cell proliferation, but it failed to improve the chemotherapeutic property of the Dox‐liposome. The i.v. injection of antp‐liposomes (15 mg Dox/kg) caused severe body weight loss and early death incidence due to probably increased toxicity. The antp targeting offered no advantage to the Dox‐liposome in the delivery of Dox to the tumor, and failed to enhance the treatment efficiency of the liposomes.
Trilaciclib prior to chemotherapy reduces the usage of supportive care interventions for chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression in patients with small cell lung cancer: Pooled analysis of three randomized phase 2 trials
Authors: Ferrarotto Renata , Anderson Ian , Medgyasszay Balazs , García‐Campelo Maria Rosario , Edenfield William , Feinstein Trevor M. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Kalmadi Sujith , Lammers Philip E. , Sanchez‐Hernandez Alfredo , Pritchett Yili , Morris Shannon R. , Malik Rajesh K. , Csőszi Tibor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSupportive care interventions used to manage chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression (CIM), including granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSFs), erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, are burdensome to patients and associated with greater costs to health care systems. We evaluated the utilization of supportive care interventions and their relationship with the myeloprotective agent, trilaciclib.MethodsData were pooled from three independent randomized phase 2 clinical trials of trilaciclib or placebo administered prior to chemotherapy in patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). The impact of supportive care on the duration of severe neutropenia (DSN), occurrence of severe neutropenia (SN), and occurrence of RBC transfusions on/after week 5 was analyzed across cycles 1–4. Concordance and association between grade 3/4 anemia, RBC transfusions on/after week 5, and ESA administration was also evaluated.ResultsThe use of G‐CSFs, ESAs, or RBC transfusions on/after week 5 was significantly lower among patients receiving trilaciclib versus placebo (28.5% vs. 56.3%, p < 0.0001; 3.3% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.0254; and 14.6% vs. 26.1%, p = 0.0252, respectively). Compared with placebo, trilaciclib significantly reduced DSN and SN, irrespective of G‐CSF administration. RBC transfusions and ESAs were most often administered in patients with grade 3/4 anemia; however, patients typically received RBC transfusions over ESA administration.ConclusionsBy improving CIM and reducing the need for associated supportive care, trilaciclib has the potential to reduce the burden of myelosuppression on patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for the treatment of ES‐SCLC.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02499770; NCT03041311; NCT02514447).
The impact of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on patients' health‐related quality of life
Authors: Verma Manisha , Paik James M. , Younossi Issah , Tan Daisong , Abdelaal Hala , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are known to have worse health‐related quality of life (HRQL) than the general population. However, the change in HRQL from before the diagnosis to after diagnosis remains unknown and is difficult to estimate. We aimed to compare HCC cases with matched controls to evaluate the differences in change in HRQL from before to after HCC diagnosis.MethodsWe performed propensity score‐matched analysis using the self‐reported HRQL data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries (SEER) data linked with Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) data (1998–2014). Cases were selected as Medicare beneficiaries (aged ≥65 years) who were diagnosed with HCC between their baseline assessment and follow‐up assessment. Matched controls were selected from the same data resource and the same time period to include subjects without cancer diagnosis by propensity scores. HRQL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36).ResultsThe study included 62 subjects who developed HCC and 365 matched controls. Compared to their baseline HRQL scores, after diagnosis of HCC, subjects were more likely to report declines in scores related to the mental component of HRQL. When stratified by time since diagnosis, mental component remained significantly lower as the disease advanced. In contrast, only general health aspects of physical health worsened after HCC diagnosis.ConclusionsDiagnosis of HCC has a profound negative impact on patients’ HRQL. Mental health component deteriorated significantly over time. The need of including mental health services within a multidisciplinary HCC care model is clearly evident.
X‐rays Actuate Anticancer Drugs: Opening New Vistas in Prodrug Therapy
Authors: Vaidya Shreyas P. , Patra Malay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChemotherapy is the primary treatment modality employed in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. Despite proven clinical success, adverse side effects are one of the drawbacks of this approach. The prodrug strategy has emerged as an alternative approach with the aim of alleviating these drawbacks. Prodrug activation is typically achieved by either endogenous or exogenous triggers. Exogenous triggers like light are appealing as they are independent of inherent patient and/or cancer‐type variations. However, tissue penetration depth remains the Achilles’ heel of this approach. In this context, usage of X‐rays as the external trigger with infinite tissue penetration depth opens up exciting prospects in prodrug activation strategies.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Nano‐Scale Bioreactors: A Fatty Acid Conversion Case Study
Authors: Song Ji‐Won , Baeg Yoonjin , Jeong Ha‐Yeon , Lee Jinwon , Oh Deok‐Kun , Hollmann Frank , Park Jin‐Byung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small unilamellar proteoliposomes, involved in various functions including cell‐to‐cell signalling and protein excretion. We have engineered the OMVs of Escherichia coli to nano‐scaled bioreactors for the biotransformation of fatty acids by targeting a fatty acid double bond hydratase of Stentrophomonas maltophilia (SmOhyA) and/or a photoactivated fatty acid decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64 A (CvFAP) into OMVs. Engineered OMVs containing both SmOhyA and CvFAP were able to catalyse the transformation of oleic acid ((Z)‐octadec‐9‐enoic acid) into 9‐hydroxyheptadecane via (R)‐10‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. The specific biotransformation rates of oleic acid reached 8.0×10−12 μmol/min per OMV.
In Situ Fabrication of NiMn‐LDH@MWCNT Composites with Hierarchical Structure for Superior Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Li Yan , Hu Bihao , Hu Bingbing , Xu Chuanlan , Yang Shu , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Biao , Liu Yuping , Yu Danmei , Chen Changguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs an electrochemical energy storage material, transition metal layered double hydroxides (MLDHs) have attracted attention due to tunable two‐dimensional structure and low cost. In this study, NiMn‐LDH@MWCNT composites with hierarchical structure have been successfully synthesized with simple and economical one‐step hydrothermal method. The hierarchical structure of composites was formed by NiMn‐LDH nanosheets growing directly on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This design not only can maintain excellent network conductive channels, but also increase active sites, enlarge specific surface area, and reduce internal resistance. Our results show that the NiMn‐LDH‐4 composite exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1863 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 1164 F g−1 when the current density goes up 10 times. This may be attributed to the synergy effect of the hierarchical structure and introduction MWCNT. Moreover, the assembled NiMn‐LDH‐4//AC device can provide a relatively high specific energy density of 51.5 Wh kg−1 at a high energy density of 455.7 W kg−1 and possess great cycling stability (83.9 % capacitance retention after 5000 cycles).
Polyacrylonitrile Derived Porous Carbon for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Fan Xiaowen , Liu Penggao , Ouyang Baixue , Cai Ruizheng , Chen Xinxin , Liu Xicang , Liu Weifang , Wang Jue , Liu Kaiyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) attract widespread attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance, safety, and low cost. Here, a honeycomb‐like porous carbon is synthesized as the cathode of ZIHCs via facile pre‐oxidation in combination with an activation process. The pre‐oxidized porous carbon (PPC) displays a larger specific surface area and faster electrochemical kinetics compared to porous carbon without pre‐oxidation (PC), realizing a superior electrochemical performance. The PPC cathode can deliver a capacity of 238 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Besides, the hybrid capacitors can achieve a high energy density of 193.6 Wh kg−1 at 76.6 W kg−1 and 109.5 Wh kg−1 at a maximum power density of 3981 W kg−1. More importantly, the hybrid capacitor exhibits a good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 83 % after 20000 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g−1. This cathode material – with an excellent electrochemical performance – could pave the way for application of ZIHCs.
Boosting the cell performance of the SiOx@C anode material via rational design of a Si‐valence gradient
Authors: Tao Jianming , Yan Zerui , Yang Jiangshao , Li Jiaxin , Lin Yingbin , Huang Zhigao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRelieving the stress or strain associated with volume change is highly desirable for high‐performance SiOx anodes in terms of stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐film growth. Herein, a Si‐valence gradient is optimized in SiOx composites to circumvent the large volume strain accompanied by lithium insertion/extraction. SiOx@C annealed at 850°C has a gentle Si‐valence gradient along the radial direction and excellent electrochemical performances, delivering a high capacity of 506.9 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 with a high Coulombic efficiency of ~99.8% over 400 cycles. Combined with the theoretical prediction, the obtained results indicate that the gentle Si‐valence gradient in SiOx@C is useful for suppressing plastic deformation and maintaining the inner connection integrity within the SiOx@C particle. Moreover, a gentle Si‐valence gradient is expected to form a stress gradient and affect the distribution of dangling bonds, resulting in local stress relief during the lithiation/delithiation process and enhanced Li‐ion kinetic diffusion. Furthermore, the lowest interfacial stress variation ensures a stable SEI film at the interface and consequently increases cycling stability. Therefore, rational design of a Si‐valence gradient in SiOx can provide further insights into achieving high‐performance SiOx anodes with large‐scale production.
Mechanochromic Luminescence (MCL) of Purely Organic Two‐Component Dyes: Wide‐Range MCL over 300 nm and Two‐Step MCL by Charge‐Transfer Complexation
Authors: Ito Suguru , Sekine Ryohei , Munakata Masayasu , Yamashita Maho , Tachikawa Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite recent extensive studies on mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), rational control over the magnitude of the emission‐wavelength shift in response to mechanical stimuli remains challenging. In the present study, a two‐component donor‐acceptor approach has been applied to create a variety of organic MCL composites that exhibit remarkable emission‐wavelength switching. Dibenzofuran‐based bis(1‐pyrenylmethyl)diamine and typical organic fluorophores have been employed as donor and acceptor dyes, respectively. Outstanding wide‐range MCL with an emission‐wavelength shift of over 300 nm has been achieved by mixing the diamine with 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide. Unprecedented two‐step MCL in response to mechanical stimuli of different intensity has also been realized for a two‐component mixture with 9,10‐anthraquinone. Fluorescence microscopy observations at the single‐particle level revealed that the segregation and mixing of the two‐component dyes contribute to the stimuli‐responsive emission‐color switching of the MCL composites.
Bestimmung der partikulären Eigenschaften von aufbereiteten Sekundärrohstoffen aus Wärmedämmverbundsystemen
Authors: Fehn Thomas , Wolf Sebastian , Schreiber Alex , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahrzehnten ist aufgrund der energetischen Anforderung der Anteil an verbauten Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland deutlich angestiegen. Aktuell kommt es zu einem signifikanten Anstieg von WDVS‐Abfällen, für die noch keine etablierte Recyclingstrategie existiert. Aus diesem Grund wurden in dieser Arbeit WDVS‐Abfälle im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft aufbereitet, um die erhaltenen Sekundärrohstoffe industriell nutzbar zu machen. Um eine zielgerichtete Wiederverwertung zu ermöglichen und den Stoffkreislauf von WDVS langfristig zu schließen, wurden partikuläre Eigenschaften wie der Zerkleinerungsgrad, Sphärizität, Dispersität sowie die Fließfähigkeit und Kompressibilität der Rezyklate untersucht.
A two‐layer chance‐constrained optimization model for a thickening‐dewatering process with uncertain variables
Authors: Zhang Hualu , Wang Fuli , Li Kang , Zou Guobin , Zhao Luping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe feed mass and the filter‐press mass per cabinet (FMP) are uncertain variables in the thickening‐dewatering (TD) process. These uncertain variables must be considered for the optimization; otherwise, the energy economic index (EEI) and the safety risks will increase. Therefore, in this paper, a two‐layer chance‐constrained optimization model for the TD process with uncertain variables is proposed. The optimization model is a sample average approximate‐expected value model (SAA‐EVM), and scenarios are generated by Monte‐Carlo simulation. To reduce the computational time, the optimization model is divided into a two‐layer chance‐constrained optimization model. The computational time is reduced by reducing the dimensions of the decision variables. Simulation results show that this two‐layer chance‐constrained optimization model can reduce the EEI and safety risks and improve the stability of the process, while the computational time meets the requirements of mineral processing plants.