bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image recoloring for color vision deficiency compensation: a survey
Authors: Zhu Zhenyang , Mao Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople with color vision deficiency (CVD) have a reduced capability to discriminate different colors. This impairment can cause inconveniences in the individuals’ daily lives and may even expose them to dangerous situations, such as failing to read traffic signals. CVD affects approximately 200 million people worldwide. In order to compensate for CVD, a significant number of image recoloring studies have been proposed. In this survey, we briefly review the representative existing recoloring methods and categorize them according to their methodological characteristics. Concurrently, we summarize the evaluation metrics, both subjective and quantitative, introduced in the existing studies and compare the state-of-the-art studies using the experimental evaluation results with the quantitative metrics.
COVID-19-Pandemie-bedingte Belastungen und SARS-CoV-2-Prävalenz in Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Perkhofer Lukas , Grünke Peter , Gashi-Ymeri Edonjeta , Grünke Teresa , Kroschel Joris , Michel Detlef , Pensel Elke , Rost Andreas , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana , Seufferlein Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pflegeeinrichtungen sind Belastungen der COVID-19-Pandemie gegenüber besonders exponiert, sowohl in personellen wie strukturellen Bereichen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Prospektive Querschnittsstudie zum punktuellen Infektionsgeschehen, zu psychosozialen Belastungen und zum Umgang der Einrichtungen mit der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Material und Methoden
Systematische Datenerhebung zwischen dem 27.07.2020 und dem 25.08.2020 in 7 Pflegeeinrichtungen in Baden-Württemberg. Dies beinhaltete für Bewohner/Mitarbeiter einen Fragebogen, eine SARS-CoV-2-PCR und Antikörpertestung. Die Einrichtungen wurden auf Umgang und Präventionsmaßnahmen befragt.

Ergebnisse
Von insgesamt 829 SARS-CoV-2-PCR-Tests waren 100 % negativ. 2 Probanden hatten SARS-CoV-2-Antikörper, allerdings ohne positive Anamnese. Keiner der Probanden mit positiver PCR in der Anamnese (n = 6) hatte nachweisbare Antikörper. Mitarbeiter hatten Angst, Mitmenschen, v. a. Heimbewohner, (54,4 %) anzustecken, weniger sich selbst (27,2 %). Als pandemieassoziierte Belastungen wurden in 17,1 % Erschöpfung, 16 % finanzielle Ängste und 13,1 % Schlafstörungen angegeben. Die Bewältigungsstrategien umfassten einen moderaten Anstieg schädlichen Konsumverhaltens (+3,3 % Alkohol, +4,3 % Nikotin). Wesentlich kritischer war dies bei unter 35-Jährigen (+13 % Alkohol, +12,7 % Nikotin). Frauen gaben eine Zunahme des Medikamentengebrauchs um 2,4 % an. 49,8 % der Befragten reduzierten ihre Sozialkontakte, 76,8 % veränderten ihr Hygieneverhalten. Die Einrichtungen waren eingeschränkt auf die COVID-19-Pandemie vorbereitet.

Diskussion
Trotz der niedrigen Punktprävalenz zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung belastete die COVID-19-Pandemie die Pflegeeinrichtungen in vielfachen Aspekten. Aus den entstandenen Belastungen bei Mitarbeitern müssen Bewältigungs- und Präventionskonzepte resultieren.
Einfluss einer tiefen Implantation auf Reizleitungsstörungen nach Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation
Authors: Saad Mohammed , Klaus Yannic , Buhse Paul , Puehler Thomas , Lutter Georg , Seoudy Hatim , Frank Derk 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Reizleitungsstörungen sind häufige Komplikationen der Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI). Ein Einflussfaktor ist die bisher nicht standardisiert bestimmte Implantationstiefe.

Fragestellung
Gibt es Unterschiede zwischen den anatomischen Regionen bei tiefer Implantation hinsichtlich neuer Reizleitungsstörungen und Überleben?

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Kohortenanalyse, 420 Patienten mit transfemoraler TAVI mit Klappenprothesen der neuen Generation, davon 352 Patienten ohne vorbestehenden Schrittmacher für Analysen zur neuen Schrittmacherimplantation. Auswertung der fluoroskopisch gemessenen Implantationstiefen an der non- (NCC) und der links-koronaren Tasche (LCC) sowie der aus Patientenakten ersichtlichen Verläufe. Die tiefe Implantation definierte sich als tiefes Quartil der Implantationstiefe der jeweiligen Prothese. Das Überleben ergab sich aus einem 2‑jährigen Follow-up.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die tiefe Implantation war nur am NCC mit erhöhter Schrittmacherimplantationsrate assoziiert (p = 0,013), am LCC mit dem häufigeren Auftreten eines permanenten Linksschenkelblocks (p = 0,014). Neue oder vorbestehende Schrittmacherimplantationen hatten keinen Einfluss auf das 2‑jährige Überleben. Eine tiefe Implantation war nicht mit einer schlechteren Überlebensprognose assoziiert. Die Implantationstiefe könnte bezüglich der Bedeutung für neue Schrittmacherimplantationen standardisiert am NCC gemessen werden. In der Eingriffsplanung könnte eine Abschätzung der Implantationstiefe am NCC oder LCC relevant für den Verlauf nach TAVI sein. Die Schrittmacherimplantation kann wie auch die tiefe Implantation am LCC oder NCC, bei Abwesenheit von mittel- bis hochgradigen paravalvulären Leckagen, als prognostisch sicher gewertet werden.
Imageless robotic handpiece-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a learning curve analysis of surgical time and alignment accuracy
Authors: Savov Peter , Tuecking Lars-Rene , Windhagen Henning , Ehmig Jonathan , Ettinger Max 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Robotic-assisted surgery techniques are increasing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One crucial point is the prolonged time of surgery. The primary objective of this study was to determine the learning curve necessary to minimize the time of surgery. The secondary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the implant alignment when using an imageless robotic system for TKA.

Materials and methods
In a case–control study, the first 70 consecutive robotic-assisted TKA procedures performed by a single senior surgeon were analyzed with regard to surgery time and implant alignment by comparing the intraoperative plan with the postoperative alignment. The evaluation of the learning curve with respect to surgery time was conducted using cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis. The joint line height was measured with a new technique. Surgery time and joint line reconstruction were compared to 70 consecutive conventional TKA procedures.

Results
The learning curve for robotic TKA was completed after 11 cases. The learning curve did not influence the accuracy of joint line obliquity, joint line height, or limb alignment. The intraoperative plan designed for the robotic system was precisely implemented. The mean skin-to-skin time in the robotic group after the learning curve was completed did not differ from that in the manual group. A significant positive correlation was observed between the preoperative hip–knee–ankle angle and the postoperative distalization of the joint line in the robotic-assisted TKA group.

Conclusion
After completing the initial learning curve of 11 cases, the surgery time required to perform imageless robotic handpiece-assisted TKA was similar to that for the conventional technique. However, no learning curve was observed for the implant positioning when using the imageless robotic system. The implementation of the intraoperative plan was accurate up to < 2°. The precision of the system allows the implementation of different joint balancing approaches between valgus and varus morphotypes.
Adult-onset mitochondrial movement disorders: a national picture from the Italian Network
Authors: Montano V. , Orsucci D. , Carelli V. , La Morgia C. , Valentino M. L. , Lamperti C. , Marchet S. , Musumeci O. , Toscano A. , Primiano G. , Santorelli F. M. , Ticci C. , Filosto M. , Rubegni A. , Mongini T. , Tonin P. , Servidei S. , Ceravolo R. , Siciliano G. , Mancuso Michelangelo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Both prevalence and clinical features of the various movement disorders in adults with primary mitochondrial diseases are unknown.

Methods
Based on the database of the “Nation-wide Italian Collaborative Network of Mitochondrial Diseases”, we reviewed the clinical, genetic, neuroimaging and neurophysiological data of adult patients with primary mitochondrial diseases (n = 764) where ataxia, myoclonus or other movement disorders were part of the clinical phenotype.

Results
Ataxia, myoclonus and movement disorders were present in 105/764 adults (13.7%), with the onset coinciding or preceding the diagnosis of the mitochondrial disease in 49/105 (46.7%). Ataxia and parkinsonism were the most represented, with an overall prevalence at last follow-up of 59.1% and 30.5%, respectively. Hyperkinetic movement disorders were reported in 15.3% at last follow-up, being the less common reported movement disorders. The pathogenic m.8344A > G and POLG variants were always associated with a movement disorder, while LHON variants and mtDNA single deletions were more commonly found in the subjects who did not present a movement disorder. The most common neuroimaging features were cortical and/or cerebellar atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, basal ganglia abnormalities and nigro-striatal degeneration. Almost 70% of patients with parkinsonism responded to dopaminergic therapy, mainly levodopa, and 50% with myoclonus were successfully treated with levetiracetam.

Conclusion
Movement disorders, mainly ataxia and parkinsonism, are important findings in adult primary mitochondrial diseases. This study underlies the importance of looking for a mitochondrial etiology in the diagnostic flowchart of a movement disorder and may help direct genetic screening in daily practice.
Influence of caries and molar incisor hypomineralization on oral health-related quality of life in children
Authors: Michaelis Lucas , Ebel Markus , Bekes Katrin , Klode Christian , Hirsch Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study was aimed to compare the impact of caries and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children.

Material and methods
A total of 528 German children aged 7 to 10 years were recruited, half affected by caries and the other half affected by MIH. Both groups were matched according to age, sex, and social status and divided into 3 categories according to severity. The German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8- to 10 years old (CPQ-G8-10) was used to analyze the impact on OHRQoL by applying ANOVA models.

Results
Patients with MIH showed a mean CPQ score of 10.7 (± 9.3). This was significantly higher compared to the caries group with 8.1 (± 9.8). The score increased linearly from the low severity category to the high severity category in both groups (caries, 4.1 to 13.8; MIH, 5.2 to 17.7, respectively).

Conclusion
With increasing severity, both clinical conditions showed a greater negative impact on OHRQoL. MIH was associated with more impairments.

Clinical relevance
Currently, the focus in pediatric dentistry is placed on the prevention and treatment of caries. Both diseases may have a negative influence on OHRQoL. Since children perceive the impairments by MIH as worse and the prevalence is equal to that of caries, which focus might be shifted in the future.
Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective
Authors: Hutchings Lian R. , Pagliarulo Antonella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe application of temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as an advanced technique for the characterisation of polymers is discussed, in comparison to other liquid chromatography techniques and in particular the ubiquitous size exclusion chromatography. Specifically, the use of reversed-phase TGIC for the interrogation of complex branched polymers and normal-phase TGIC for characterisation of high-molar mass end-functionalised polymers is highlighted.
Agricultural expansion in African savannas: effects on diversity and composition of trees and mammals
Authors: Tripathi Hemant G. , Woollen Emily S. , Carvalho Mariana , Parr Catherine L. , Ryan Casey M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLand use change (LUC) is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, the global understanding of LUC's impact on biodiversity is mainly based on comparisons of land use endpoints (habitat vs non-habitat) in forest ecosystems. Hence, it may not generalise to savannas, which are ecologically distinct from forests, as they are inherently patchy, and disturbance adapted. Endpoint comparisons also cannot inform the management of intermediate mosaic landscapes. We aim to address these gaps by investigating species- and community-level responses of mammals and trees along a gradient of small scale agricultural expansion in the miombo woodlands of northern Mozambique. Thus, the case study represents the most common pathway of LUC and biodiversity change in the world's largest savanna. Tree abundance, mammal occupancy, and tree- and mammal-species richness showed a non-linear relationship with agricultural expansion (characterised by the Land Division Index, LDI). These occurrence and diversity metrics increased at intermediate LDI (0.3 to 0.7), started decreasing beyond LDI > 0.7, and underwent high levels of decline at extreme levels of agricultural expansion (LDI > 0.9). Despite similarities in species richness responses, the two taxonomic groups showed contrasting β-diversity patterns in response to increasing LDI: increased dissimilarity among tree communities (heterogenisation) and high similarity among mammals (homogenisation). Our analysis along a gradient of landscape-scale land use intensification allows a novel understanding of the impacts of different levels of land conversion, which can help guide land use and restoration policy. Biodiversity loss in this miombo landscape was lower than would be inferred from existing global syntheses of biodiversity-land use relations for Africa or the tropics, probably because such syntheses take a fully converted landscape as the endpoint. As, currently, most African savanna landscapes are a mosaic of savanna habitats and small scale agriculture, biodiversity loss is probably lower than in current global estimates, albeit with a trend towards further conversion. However, at extreme levels of land use change (LDI > 0.9 or < 15% habitat cover) miombo biodiversity appears to bemoresensitive to LUC than inferred from the meta-analyses. To mitigate the worst effects of land use on biodiversity, our results suggest that miombo landscapes should retain > 25% habitat cover and avoid LDI > 0.75—after which species richness of both groups begin to decline. Our findings indicate that tree diversity may be easier to restore from natural restoration than mammal diversity, which became spatially homogeneous.
Using the “mean temperature of the catch” to assess fish community responses to warming in a temperate lake
Authors: Kangur Külli , Tammiksaar Erki , Pauly Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis contribution applies the “mean temperature of the catch” (MTC) concept of Cheung et al. (Nature 497:365–368, 2013) to fish catch data for Lake Peipsi, Estonia/Russia, covering the years 1931 to 2019. The preferred temperature of each of the ten target fish species was obtained from the literature, and combined with the species-specific catch data to obtain MTC values for each year. The analysis of the MTC time series thus obtained with a segmented regression yielded two trend lines, one horizontal at 14.5 °C (1931–1986), and the other (1987–2019) ascending with a slope 0.85 °C·decade−1. Overall, the segmented regression model explains over half of the variance of the MTC data set (multiple R2 = 0.53; adjusted R2 = 0.51). Lake surface water temperatures correlate with MTC, even though weakly (r = 0.30), when considering a 2-year time lag. The fish community of the shallow Lake Peipsi reacts more strongly to temperature changes than marine ecosystems so far studied using the MTC.
From ‘Consent or Anonymise’ to ‘Share and Protect’: Facilitating Access to Surplus Tissue for Research Whilst Safeguarding Donor Interests
Authors: Blewett Catherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is significant research value in the secondary use of surplus human tissue which has been removed during clinical care and is stored in diagnostic archives. However, this value is limited without access to information about the person from whom the tissue was removed. As the research value of surplus tissue is often not realised until after the patient’s episode of care, it is often the case that no consent has been given for any surplus tissue to be used for research purposes. The Human Tissue Act 2004 does permit research use of surplus tissue without consent, but the researcher must not be in possession of information which could identify the person from whom the tissue was removed. Due to the commonly applied ‘consent or anonymise’ approach, linking tissue and data is challenging and full anonymisation would likely render much research on surplus tissue ineffectual. This article suggests that in recognising the value in surplus tissue linked with information about the person, a ‘share and protect’ approach which considers safeguards other than anonymisation, where obtaining consent for research use would not be feasible, would better balance the public benefit of health research with the protection of individual rights and interests than a requirement for either consent or anonymisation.
A liquid phase anion-exchange approach to high-quality all-inorganic halide perovskite micro- and nanowires
Authors: Li Huafeng , Li Jing , Bao Yanan , Li Jianliang , He Chengyu , Wang Hengshan , Zhang Yajing , Tang Huayi , Xu Jiao , Fang Yurui , Liang Shuang , Yang Yiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll-inorganic halide perovskite nanowires (NWs) are promising materials due to they have broad application prospects in the field of optoelectronics, with mixed-halide perovskite nanowires can change the optoelectronic properties by adjusting the halide ratio. Here, we experimentally investigated the two-process governed anion-exchange reaction in single-crystalline CsPbX3 micro- and nanowires. The critical parameters affecting the outcome of the reaction are identified as the reaction temperature, reaction time, and precursor concentrations. Upon examining the photoluminescence and morphology of the NWs, high-quality NWs were obtained by optimizing these critical parameters. The bandgap of the NWs can be tuned over the entire visible spectra (430–700 nm). In addition, photodetectors incorporating single NWs were fabricated, which demonstrated excellent responsivity under illumination. Our results expand the validity of liquid-phase anion exchange to the microscale, and lay the basis for liquid-processed optoelectronics and displays.
Modeling the α-max capacity of transportation networks: a single-level mathematical programming formulation
Authors: Zang Zhaoqi , Xu Xiangdong , Chen Anthony , Yang Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNetwork capacity, defined as the largest sum of origin–destination (O–D) flows that can be accommodated by the network based on link performance function and traffic equilibrium assignment, is a critical indicator of network-wide performance assessment in transportation planning and management. The typical modeling rationale of estimating network capacity is to formulate it as a mathematical programming (MP), and there are two main approaches: single-level MP formulation and bi-level programming (BLP) formulation. Although single-level MP is readily solvable, it treats the transportation network as a physical network without considering level of service (LOS). Albeit BLP explicitly models the capacity and link LOS, solving BLP in large-scale networks is challenging due to its non-convexity. Moreover, the inconsideration of trip LOS makes the existing models difficult to differentiate network capacity under various traffic states and to capture the impact of emerging trip-oriented technologies. Therefore, this paper proposes the α-max capacity model to estimate the maximum network capacity under trip or O–D LOS requirement α. The proposed model improves the existing models on three aspects: (a) it considers trip LOS, which can flexibly estimate the network capacity ranging from zero to the physical capacity including reserve, practical and ultimate capacities; (b) trip LOS can intuitively reflect users’ maximum acceptable O–D travel time or planners’ requirement of O–D travel time; and (c) it is a convex and tractable single-level MP. For practical use, we develop a modified gradient projection solution algorithm with soft constraint technique, and provide methods to obtain discrete trip LOS and network capacity under representative traffic states. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed model as well as the solution algorithm.
Individual Achievement, Person-Major Fit, or Social Expectations: Why Do Students Switch Majors in German Higher Education?
Authors: Meyer Jasmin , Leuze Kathrin , Strauss Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile a large body of research addresses both subject choice and student dropout in higher education, much less is known about switching the initially chosen major. Therefore, we ask why students switch their major in higher education and analyse this for the case of Germany, taking the timing and the degree of such switches (within and across subject groups) into account. Based on the extended rational choice framework, we identify three aspects that might explain switching majors: individual achievement in secondary education, a (mis)match between individual occupational interests and the content of studies and parental and peer judgement regarding the initial subject choice. We test the derived hypotheses by applying logistic regression models to representative data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort 5. Our results indicate that the analysed aspects of individual achievement, person-major fit and social expectations affect switching majors, but their influence varies according to the degree and timing of the switch. While high-achieving students are more likely to switch majors, especially across disciplines and at a later stage in their studies, a mismatch in occupational interests mainly affects switching majors across broad subject groups. Finally, disapproval of the initial subject choice by parents and peers matters most for switches during the first two semesters and across academic disciplines.
Activation of autophagy reverses gemcitabine-induced immune inhibition of RAW264.7 macrophages by promoting TNF-α, IL-6 and MHC-II expression
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Wang Rong , Han Lu , Kuerban Kudelaidi , Ye Li , Pan Shu , Li Shengnan , Yuan Yongfang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the effect of gemcitabine (GEM) on various activities and functions of macrophages. Phagocytosis, cell autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analysed by laser scanning confocal microscope. The cell cycle status and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) expression were examined by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokine secretion such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was detected by Elisa assay. The expression of proteins was analysed by western blot method. The results revealed that GEM-induced immune inhibition of M1-type RAW264.7 macrophages activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also found that GEM inhibited autophagy, as evidenced by the reduced formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles and autophagosomes. Further study showed that incubation of activated macrophages with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA induced immune suppression. In contrast, treatment with the autophagy inducer trehalose (Tre) restored phagocytosis, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion, and MHC-II expression in GEM-induced immune-inhibited macrophages. GEM reduced immune effect of M1-type RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting TNF-α, IL-6 and MHC-II expression. Furthermore, activation of autophagy by Tre reversed GEM-induced immune inhibition of RAW264.7 macrophages.