bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleepiness and safety at work among night shift NHS nurses
Authors: Westwell A , Cocco P , Van Tongeren M , Murphy E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Sleepiness associated with night shift working (NSW) is known to adversely affect workers’ health and well-being. It has been associated with adverse safety outcomes and is a recognized workplace hazard among healthcare workers.

Aims
This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported sleepiness in NSW nurses and midwives. This study also explored the consequences of sleepiness on safety at work and driving.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of NSW nurses and midwives was conducted at an National Health Service (NHS) hospital trust from 16 March 2020 to 1 June 2020. Data were collected by online questionnaire and included information on demographics, shift work and safety aspects. Sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Results
Data collection coincided with the first coronavirus pandemic peak in England. Out of 1985 eligible NSW nurses and midwives, 229 participated in the study, with a response rate of 12%. The prevalence of sleepiness was 28%. Following a night shift, 49% of nurses reported nodding off at the wheel and 44% reported a near-miss car accident in past 12 months. An abnormal ESS score was significantly associated with near-miss car accidents (odds ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–5.77) and with low confidence in undertaking complex tasks at night (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.20–5.84).

Conclusions
More than a quarter of NSW nurses and midwives reported excessive daytime sleepiness although, due to the low response rate, this may not be representative. Adverse driving events were common. Elevated ESS scores correlated well with safety issues relating to work and driving.
Wealth concentration in the USA using an expanded measure of net worth
Authors: Jacobs Lindsay , Llanes Elizabeth , Moore Kevin , Thompson Jeffrey , Volz Alice Henriques 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Defined benefit (DB) pensions and Social Security are important resources for financing retirement in the USA. However, these illiquid, nonmarket forms of wealth are typically excluded from measures of net worth. To the extent that these broadly held resources substitute for savings, measures of wealth inequality that do not account for DB pensions and Social Security may be overstated. This article develops an alternative, expanded wealth concept, augmenting net worth data from the Survey of Consumer Finances with estimates of DB pension and expected Social Security wealth. We explore the concentration of wealth among households ages 40–59 and find that (i) including DB pension and Social Security results in markedly lower measures of wealth concentration and (ii) trends toward higher wealth inequality over time, while moderated, are still present. Simulation exercises show that reductions in Social Security benefits significantly increase wealth concentration for the youngest birth-year cohorts.
Marbled Murrelets prefer stratified waters close to freshwater inputs in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Pastran Sonya A , Drever Mark C , Lank David B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a small seabird that is currently listed as threatened in Canada. Understanding this species’ marine habitat preferences plays a vital role in our ability to focus conservation planning. We used the longest-running at-sea survey dataset available in British Columbia to examine hotspot persistence and habitat use at Laskeek Bay, Haida Gwaii, BC. The Laskeek Bay Conservation Society has been conducting spring and summer surveys along fixed transect routes in open and shoreline waters from 1997 to 2018. Along with analyzing this long-term dataset, we conducted surveys to measure oceanographic variables (2018–2019) and tested whether Marbled Murrelets in the same area used prey and oceanographic information to select marine habitat in conjunction with physical habitat features. Our hotspot persistence map, defined as areas that repeatedly had counts above a 75% threshold relative to other areas during a given survey, showed that murrelets consistently preferred shoreline transects. Murrelets also preferred shallow marine areas closer to streams, above higher proportions of sandy substrate and closer proximity to abundant nesting habitat. Modeling weather and time variables contributed little additional predictive power. Nonetheless, models that included physical environmental, oceanographic, and prey variables outperformed those with only physical environmental variables. Stratified water was the oceanographic variable most strongly related to higher counts. Our study suggests that stratified waters could work with stream systems to create productive zones for foraging murrelets, and highlights the importance of murrelets having access to marine areas with the preferred physical features.
High-energy gamma-rays and neutrons observed in very impulsive solar flare on 2012 June 3
Authors: Kamiya Kohki , Koga Kiyokazu , Masuda Satoshi , Matsumoto Haruhisa , Muraki Yasushi , Okudaira Osamu , Shibata Shoichi , Tajima Hiroyasu , Tanaka Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Tokonatu , Watanabe Kyoko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An impulsive solar flare was observed on 2012 June 3 by the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite. In this flare, a salient feature was recognized whereby high-energy ions were accelerated to a few GeV within one minute. Associated with this flare, high-energy gamma-rays as well as high-energy neutrons were detected by the Space Environment Data Acquisition equipment onboard the International Space Station. A remarkable feature found of this event was an exceedingly high n$/$γ-ratio observed between the intensities of high-energy neutrons and gamma-rays. To understand a high n$/$γ-ratio of about 600, the interaction processes between the accelerated ions and ambient solar atmosphere were simulated for various test cases, taking into account the magnetic field of the photosphere. The simulation was extended by using the GEANT4 code and it was shown that the observed results could be reproduced under certain conditions selected for the actual interaction process. The results suggest that helium and C, N, and O ions were predominantly accelerated in this flare, and that high-energy gamma-rays and neutrons were produced by interactions between the accelerated ions and the ambient gas. As a result, a high n$/$γ-ratio was produced.
Revolutionary Decolonization and the Formation of the Sacred: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Di-Capua Yoav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Egypt’s successful struggle over ownership of the Suez Canal under President Gamal ʿAbd al-Nasser in 1956 is usually seen as pivotal in the history of decolonization. Scholars have written about how the Suez War brought many of the classical themes of decolonization into focus, such as sovereignty over natural resources, the hegemony of the new Cold War order, the rise of popular anti-colonial nationalism and the international politics of development. But what about freedom? Freedom is both a political and a theological concept. Scholars of decolonization have dealt with its political aspects, but they have yet to make sense of the theological, wherein the struggle for freedom results in the sacralization of the political sphere. Conceived as a deep study of freedom during decolonization, this article engages the field of political theology to examine how an organization of the politics of liberation that was founded on the imagination of the sacred became an article of faith that shaped everyday life for millions of people around the Arab world and the Global South.
The Tethyan Himalaya Igneous Province: Early Melting Products of the Kerguelen Mantle Plume
Authors: Chen Sheng-Sheng , Fan Wei-Ming , Shi Ren-Deng , Xu Ji-Feng , Liu Yong-Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Kerguelen large igneous province (LIP) has been related to mantle plume activity since at least 120 Ma. There are some older (147–130 Ma) magmatic provinces on circum-eastern Gondwana, but the relationship between these provinces and the Kerguelen mantle plume remains controversial. Here we present petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb–Os isotopic data for high-Ti mafic rocks from two localities (Cuona and Jiangzi) in the eastern Tethyan Himalaya igneous province (147–130 Ma). Zircon grains from these two localities yielded concordant weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 137.25 ± 0.98 Ma and 131.28 ± 0.78 Ma (2σ), respectively. The analyzed mafic rocks are enriched in high field strength elements and have positive Nb–Ta anomalies relative to Th and La, which have ocean island basalt-like characteristics. The Cuona basalts were generated by low degrees of melting (3–5 %) of garnet lherzolites (3–5 vol% garnet), and elsewhere the Jiangzi diabases were formed by relatively lower degrees of melting (1–3%) of garnet lherzolite (1–5 vol% garnet). The highly radiogenic Os and Pb isotopic compositions of the Jiangzi diabases were produced by crustal contamination, but the Cuona basalts experienced the least crustal contamination given their relatively low γOs(t), 206Pb/204Pbi, 207Pb/204Pbi, and 208Pb/204Pbi values. Major and trace element geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb–Os isotope data for the Cuona basalts are similar to those for products of the Kerguelen mantle plume head. Together with high mantle potential temperatures (&gt;1500 °C), this suggests that the eastern Tethyan Himalaya igneous province (147–130 Ma) was an early magmatic product of the Kerguelen plume. A mantle plume initiation model can explain the temporal and spatial evolution of the Kerguelen LIP, and pre-continental breakup played a role in the breakup of eastern Gondwana, given the &gt;10 Myr between initial mantle plume activity (147–130 Ma) and continental breakup (132–130 Ma). Like studies of Re–Os isotopes in other LIPs, the increasing amount of crustal assimilation with distance from the plume stem can explain the variations in radiogenic Os.
Phase Equilibrium and Trace-Element Modeling of the Partial Melting of Basaltic Rocks under Low Pressure: Implications for Plagiogranite Generation
Authors: Xu Xiao-Fei , Gou Long-Long , Long Xiao-Ping , Zhao Yu-Hang , Zhou Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhase equilibria and trace-element modeling using two previously reported basaltic bulk-rock compositions (samples D11 and 104-16), were carried out in this study, in order to better understand mechanism of low-pressure (LP) partial melting of mafic rocks and associated melt compositions. The T–MH2O pseudosections for both samples at three pressures (i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kbar) display that the H2O-stability field gradually increased with decreasing pressure within the T–MH2O range of 600–1100°C and 0–12 mol.%. The H2O contents of 10, 5.0, and 0.5 mol.% were selected on the basis of the T–MH2O pseudosections to calculate Pressure–Temperature (P–T) pseudosections over a P–T window of 0.1–3 kbar and 600–1100°C, so that the reactions of both the H2O-fluxed and -absent meltings at LP conditions can be investigated. The solidus displays a negative or near-vertical P–T slope, and occurs between 710 and 900°C at pressure between 0.1 and 3.0 kbar. LP melting of metabasites is attributed to the reactions of the hydrous mineral (hornblende and/or biotite) melting and anhydrous mineral (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and augite) melting. The hydrous mineral melting is gradually replaced by anhydrous mineral melting as pressure decreasing, as the stability of hornblende decreases with falling pressure. With increasing temperature at a given pressure, the modeled melt compositions are expressed as progressions of the granite-granodiorite-gabbroic diorite fields for sample D11and granite-quartz monzonite-monzonite-gabbroic diorite fields for sample 104-16 on the total alkali–silica diagram. The modeled melts produced through the H2O-fluxed melting display higher Al2O3, CaO, MgO, and lower SiO2 and K2O than those formed by H2O-absent melting at the same P–T conditions. Furthermore, the modeled melts formed by H2O-absent melting, become richer in Al2O3, CaO, MgO, FeO, Na2O, but poorer in SiO2 and K2O as increasing water content. The results of trace-element modeling suggest that the nearly flat rare earth elements (REE) patterns of modeled bulk-rock composition are inherited by all the modeled melts, and the negative Eu anomalies and Sr depletion of the modeled melts gradually decrease as melting degree increases. Combined with the geochemical characteristics of natural oceanic plagiogranites, which have low K2O contents and flat or slightly light rare earth (LREE)-depleted REE patterns, our results imply that a bulk-rock composition with low K2O (&lt;0.17 wt.%) and slightly LREEs depletion is the most likely protolith composition (e.g. basalt D11) for plagiogranites, and the compositions of modeled melts formed by LP H2O-absent partial melting of the basalt D11 at relatively high temperatures (1000–1025°C) are coincident with those of 1256D tonalites.
Cycling in a crowd: Coordination of plant cell division, growth, and cell fate
Authors: Sablowski Robert , Gutierrez Crisanto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reiterative organogenesis that drives plant growth relies on the constant production of new cells, which remain encased by interconnected cell walls. For these reasons, plant morphogenesis strictly depends on the rate and orientation of both cell division and cell growth. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding how cell cycle progression and the orientation of cell divisions are coordinated with cell and organ growth and with the acquisition of specialized cell fates. We review basic concepts and players in plant cell cycle and division, and then focus on their links to growth-related cues, such as metabolic state, cell size, cell geometry, and cell mechanics, and on how cell cycle progression and cell division are linked to specific cell fates. The retinoblastoma pathway has emerged as a major player in the coordination of the cell cycle with both growth and cell identity, while microtubule dynamics are central in the coordination of oriented cell divisions. Future challenges include clarifying feedbacks between growth and cell cycle progression, revealing the molecular basis of cell division orientation in response to mechanical and chemical signals, and probing the links between cell fate changes and chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle.
SnRK1 stimulates the histone H3K27me3 demethylase JMJ705 to regulate a transcriptional switch to control energy homeostasis
Authors: Wang Wentao , Lu Yue , Li Junjie , Zhang Xinran , Hu Fangfang , Zhao Yu , Zhou Dao-Xiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plant SNF1-Related Kinase1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved energy-sensing protein kinase that orchestrates transcriptional networks to maintain cellular energy homeostasis when energy supplies become limited. However, the mechanism by which SnRK1 regulates this gene expression switch to gauge cellular energy status remains largely unclear. In this work, we show that the rice histone H3K27me3 demethylase JMJ705 is required for low energy stress tolerance in rice plants. The genetic inactivation of JMJ705 resulted in similar effects as those of the rice snrk1 mutant on the transcriptome, which impairs not only the promotion of the low energy stress-triggered transcriptional program but also the repression of the program under an energy-sufficient state. We show that the α-subunit of OsSnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates JMJ705 to stimulate its H3K27me3 demethylase activity. Further analysis revealed that JMJ705 directly targets a set of low energy stress-responsive transcription factor genes. These results uncover the chromatin mechanism of SnRK1-regulated gene expression in both energy-sufficient and -limited states in plants and suggest that JMJ705 functions as an upstream regulator of the SnRK1α-controlled transcriptional network.
Explaining Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Chinese Police Officers
Authors: Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y , Ivkovich Sanja Kutnjak , Maskaly Jon , Shen Shan , Neyroud Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Policing can be stressful, especially during public crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Using survey data from 600 police officers in a large city in West China, this study examines the prevalence of police stress increase during the pandemic’s peak month, compared pre-pandemic, and assesses a range of personal and work-related risk and protective factors of police stress. We found that Chinese officers suffered widespread, increased levels of stress during the peak pandemic month. Sources of police stress primarily came from changes in workloads and fear of contracting COVID-19. Perceived effectiveness of agency protection of officers against the COVID-19 risk, sufficient amount of sleep, and increased family time significantly reduced stress. These results bear important research and policy implications.
Police referrals for domestic abuse before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown: An analysis of routine data from one specialist service in South Wales
Authors: Moore Graham , Buckley Kelly , Howarth Emma , Burn Anne-Marie , Copeland Lauren , Evans Rhiannon , Ware Lisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 lockdown measures may have led to more, and increasingly severe, domestic abuse. This study examines police referrals to a specialist domestic abuse service in Wales, UK before and during the first lockdown.

Methods
Routine data relating to 2292 police referrals for female adult victim-survivors from December 2019 until July 2020 were analysed and presented in the form of descriptive statistics to monitor changes in referral rates and the profile of those referrals.

Results
There was little increase in the overall volume of police referrals during lockdown, but the proportion assessed as high risk increased, and children became the primary source of third-party referrals, with a higher proportion of reports made by other third parties as restrictions eased. Police reports for cases of Child/Adolescent to Parent Violence (C/APV) occurred almost exclusively during lockdown.

Conclusions
The increase in risk level despite less clear increase in volume may suggest unmet need, with victims less likely to seek help during lockdown other than for more severe instances. Increased reports by children suggest increased exposure of children to domestic abuse during school closure. Unmet need for women and children may have been made visible to services, and acquaintances, as measures began to ease.
The association between problematic smartphone use and symptoms of anxiety and depression—a meta-analysis
Authors: Augner Christoph , Vlasak Thomas , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Barth Alfred 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent research links problematic smartphone use (PSU) and mental health problems. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between PSU and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.MethodsWe searched for research literature published recently in PubMed and Google Scholar via a systematic literature search. Twenty-seven studies published since 2014 with 120 895 participants were included in the meta-analysis.ResultsPSU was moderately but robustly associated with both anxiety, r = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23–0.35), and depression, r = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.22–0.34), P &lt; 0.001 for both. Homogeneity tests showed significant P-values for anxiety and depression, but without affecting the results. Neither the age of the participants, publication year nor the study quality could explain the heterogeneity. Furthermore, we found no evidence for publication bias, since Egger’s regression test showed no significance for depression (P = 0.21) and anxiety (P = 0.35).ConclusionsOur study shows that PSU can be viewed as an indicator of symptoms of anxiety and depression and a possible manifestation of these mental health problems in modern society. Furthermore, PSU as a maladaptive coping behavior may contribute by worsening these symptoms. PSU screening should thus become part of standard clinical psychological diagnostic procedures.
Gender inequality is associated with gender differences and women participation in physical activity
Authors: Moreno-Llamas Antonio , García-Mayor Jesús , De la Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Living standards determine population’s physical activity (PA); however, more women are systemically insufficiently active, suggesting social gender inequality factors. Thus, we assessed the association between gender inequality, PA differences between genders, and total PA.

Methods
We used three independent cross-sectional databases at country-level: PA prevalence (i.e., Active Lifestyle) from the World Health Organization with 1.9 million individuals from 168 countries; daily steps (smartphone registers) of 693 806 people from 46 countries and sport participation in the 2016 Summer Olympics with 11 191 athletes. Gender Inequality Index was used to evaluate aspects surrounding gender equality controlling for overall economic and health status.

Results
Higher gender inequality was associated with gender differences in PA (Active Lifestyle, 0.402, P &lt; 0.001; Steps, 0.542, P &lt; 0.001; Olympic participation, 0.346, P = 0.001). Likewise, lower gender inequality was associated with increased women activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.838, P &lt; 0.001; Steps, −0.81, P &lt; 0.001; Olympic participation, −0.577, P &lt; 0.001), and men activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.453, P &lt; 0.001; Steps, −0.461, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Lower women PA levels could be influenced by gender inequality. Public health policies aimed to improve women living conditions which may promote their participation in PA and sport.
Theory of Perturbation of Electrostatic Field by an Anisotropic Dielectric Sphere
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Tsitsas Nikolaos L , Alkhoori Hamad M 
Published: September 2021

Summary
The boundary-value problem for the perturbation of an electric potential by a homogeneous anisotropic dielectric sphere in vacuum was formulated. The total potential in the exterior region was expanded in series of radial polynomials and tesseral harmonics, as is standard for the Laplace equation. A bijective transformation of space was carried out to formulate a series representation of the potential in the interior region. Boundary conditions on the spherical surface were enforced to derive a transition matrix that relates the expansion coefficients of the perturbation potential in the exterior region to those of the source potential. Far from the sphere, the perturbation potential decays as the inverse of the distance squared from the center of the sphere, as confirmed numerically when the source potential is due to either a point charge or a point dipole.