bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of malaria preventive measures among adult patients attending the Bamendjou and Foumbot District hospitals of the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Nlinwe Nfor Omarine , Singong Yengong Clinton , Florentine Tenkam Makamdoum Ruth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although a significant decrease in entomological and epidemiological indicators was reported in Cameroon since the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets, malaria prevalence remains high also in some parts of the West Region of Cameroon. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate malaria preventive measures among patients attending the Bamendjou and Foumbot District hospitals of the West Region of Cameroon.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out within a period of three months, from January to March 2020. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis. The CareStart™ Malaria HRP2 (Pf) qualitative rapid diagnostic test was used for malaria diagnosis. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics, and the use of malaria preventive measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and Chi-square (and Fisher’s exact) test.Results: A total of 170 study participants were recruited in Foumbot and 197 in Bamendjou. Malaria was significantly (P < 0.0001) more prevalent in Foumbot (47.06%) than in Bamendjou (19.8%). In Foumbot, nonuse of insect repellent spray (P = 0.0214), insect repellent body cream (P = 0.0009), mosquito spray (P = 0.0001) and not draining stagnant water (P = 0.0004) predisposed to higher risk of malaria. But in Bamendjou, nonuse of insect repellent spray (P = 0.0012), long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (P = 0.0001), window and door nets (P = 0.0286), predisposed to a higher risk of malaria.Conclusions: Malaria prevalence was high among the study participants especially in Foumbot. An adequate follow-up to ensure effective execution of the recently launched third phase of LLINs distribution campaign in Cameroon is recommended. Additionally, integrated Vector Management is required to ensure effective control of malaria transmission in Foumbot and Bamendjou.
Visualizations of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes on Genomic Index Maps
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhu Minghan , Qiao Mu , Zhou Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, comprehensive cases are visualized by {C1, C2, C3, C4} four modules of the MAS. Four sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with 20, 128, 381 and 1337 cases were processed to be represented as a series of genomic index maps in four entropies: combinatorial, integrated, mean and topological entropies, respectively. Typical samples and explanations are described. Multiple levels of hierarchical representations are illustrated.
Just like fireworks in my brain – a Swedish interview study on experiences of emotions in female patients with eating disorders
Authors: Petersson Suzanne , Gullbing Lydia , Perseius Kent-Inge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with eating disorders have reported poorer emotional awareness, more emotional suppression, less use of adaptive emotional regulation strategies, and more use of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies compared to people in healthy control groups.Aim: To explore experiences of emotions by a transdiagnostic sample of patients with eating disorders.Method: Nine patients with different eating disorder diagnoses at an eating disorder outpatient clinic in Sweden were interviewed for their thoughts on emotions. The interviews were analyzed with Thematic Analysis.Result: Four themes were constructed: "Not knowing what one feels", "Switch off, run away, or hide behind a mask", "Emotions in a lifelong perspective", and "Using eating behaviours to regulate emotions". The patients described uncertainty regarding whether they experienced emotions correctly. They described how they tried to avoid difficult emotions through suppressive strategies and eating disorder behaviour. All described strategies were inefficient and all emotions were experienced as problematic, even joy. Since joy was used as a mask, the real experience of happiness was lost and mourned.Conclusion: All kinds of emotions were considered problematic to experience, but shame, fear, and sadness were considered worst. It is difficult to know if the emotional difficulties preceded an eating disorder, however such difficulties may have increased as a result of the eating disorder.
Visual Variations between Pairs of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes on Integrated Density Matrix
Authors: Zhu Minghan , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper is the B2 module of the MAS. The quantification matrix is formed according to the four-base arrangement in the genome sequence. The differences in new coronavirus genome sequencing sequences in different samples were demonstrated by using the most concise methods. Using 4 primitive variable value measures, changes in the virus genome sequence base order conditions were deter-mined. When two relatively large genomic sequences are slightly different, the integrated distribution of the difference calculation is subtly similar to the Bose-einstein distribution, while the sum calculation shows a powerful distribution complexity. It can be formed under the macroscopic angle and can distinguish 16 combinations of supersymmetric structures. In view of the abundant transformation structure in this kind of transformation system, the detailed exploration remains to be followed by the systematic expansion of theory and medical application.
Comparative Study of Pathogenic Viruses Carried on Pairs of Species
Authors: Zhang Xin , Pan Zhaoyu , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The new coronavirus was checked on December 12, 2019, and spread rapidly over time. It has become a public health event spreading around the world. Until this time, the source of the virus remains controversial. In this paper, a series of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were collected using the A1 module of the MAS for visualization. Pairs of genomes are compared under similarity relationships between SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly viruses carried by different species. Through the proposed method of variant construction, it provides important information to understand similarity properties among genomes. The comparison mechanism provides an efficient and fast similarity mode to compare with a whole genome at multiple levels of hierarchical measurements to provide variation information on internal correlation to a certain extent. Sample results are intuitively expressed through a list of 1D visual line charts for various distributions.
Express method for assessing proteolysis in cheese and aromatic addi- tives with cheese flavor
Authors: Myagkonosov D. S. , Abramov D. V. , Ovchinnikova E. G. , Krayushkina V. N. 
Published: January 2021

The method based on the determination of the amount of active amino groups using o-Phthaldialdehyde (OPA method) can be applied in practice to assess accurately the degree of proteolysis in cheeses. The work establishes that the OPA method gives results that strictly correlate (R2 > 0.80, p < 0.01) with the results of assessing the degree of proteolysis by the Kjeldahl method. The results of the OPA method, expressed in the absorption intensity of the colored sample at a wavelength of 340 nm (OD340), can be converted to the content of soluble nitrogenous substances in cheese (WSN), using the calibration relationship between these indicators.The accuracy of the calibration relationship between WSN and OD340 can be increased (R2 > 0.91, p< 0.01) when using the OPA method in relation to a homogeneous group of cheeses produced by the same technology using the same type of milk clotting enzyme and lactic acid starter culture and having a similar shape of the molecular mass distribution of proteolysis products.The OPA method can be used to assess the content of proteolysis products, which form cheese flavor, in EMС. The results of assessing the degree of proteolysis by the OPA method (OD340) are proportional to both the total content of soluble nitrogen and the proportion of nitrogenous substances in it with a mass of less than 0.5 kDa, which make the greatest contribution to the formation of cheese flavor.The advantage of using the OPA method for assessing proteolysis in cheeses and EMC instead of the Kjeldahl method is a simpler measurement procedure and the possibility of studying more samples in less time.
Implementing Mobile Health–Enabled Integrated Care for Complex Chronic Patients: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Study
Authors: de Batlle Jordi , Massip Mireia , Vargiu Eloisa , Nadal Nuria , Fuentes Araceli , Ortega Bravo Marta , Miralles Felip , Barbé Ferran , Torres Gerard ,   CONNECARE-Lleida Group
Published: January 2021

Background
Integrated care can generate health and social care efficiencies through the defragmentation of care and adoption of patient-centered preventive models. eHealth can be a key enabling technology for integrated care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the implementation of a mobile health (mHealth)-enabled integrated care model for complex chronic patients.

Methods
As part of the CONNECARE Horizon 2020 project, a prospective, pragmatic, two-arm, parallel implementation trial was held in a rural region of Catalonia, Spain. During 3 months, elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure and their carers experienced the combined benefits of the CONNECARE organizational integrated care model and the eHealth platform supporting it, consisting of a patient self-management app, a set of integrated sensors, and a web-based platform connecting professionals from different settings, or usual care. We assessed changes in health status with the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12), unplanned visits and admissions during a 6-month follow up, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results
A total of 48 patients were included in the integrated care arm and 28 patients receiving usual care were included in the control arm (mean age 82 years, SD 7 years; mean Charlson index 7, SD 2). Integrated care patients showed a significant increase in the SF-12 physical domain with a mean change of +3.7 (SD 8.4) (P=.004) and total SF-12 score with a mean change of +5.8 (SD 12.8) (P=.003); however, the differences in differences between groups were not statistically significant. Integrated care patients had 57% less unplanned visits (P=.004) and 50% less hospital admissions related to their main chronic diseases (P=.32). The integrated care program generated savings in different cost scenarios and the ICER demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of the program.

Conclusions
The implementation of a patient-centered mHealth-enabled integrated care model empowering the patient, and connecting primary, hospital, and social care professionals reduced unplanned contacts with the health system and health costs, and was cost-effective. These findings support the notion of system-wide cross-organizational care pathways supported by mHealth as a successful way to implement integrated care.
Designing a Personalized Health Dashboard: Interdisciplinary and Participatory Approach
Authors: Weijers Miriam , Bastiaenen Caroline , Feron Frans , Schröder Kay 
Published: January 2021

Background
Within the Dutch Child Health Care (CHC), an online tool (360° CHILD-profile) is designed to enhance prevention and transformation toward personalized health care. From a personalized preventive perspective, it is of fundamental importance to timely identify children with emerging health problems interrelated to multiple health determinants. While digitalization of children’s health data is now realized, the accessibility of data remains a major challenge for CHC professionals, let alone for parents/youth. Therefore, the idea was initiated from CHC practice to develop a novel approach to make relevant information accessible at a glance.

Objective
This paper describes the stepwise development of a dashboard, as an example of using a design model to achieve visualization of a comprehensive overview of theoretically structured health data.

Methods
Developmental process is based on the nested design model with involvement of relevant stakeholders in a real-life context. This model considers immediate upstream validation within 4 cascading design levels: Domain Problem and Data Characterization, Operation and Data Type Abstraction, Visual Encoding and Interaction Design, and Algorithm Design. This model also includes impact-oriented downstream validation, which can be initiated after delivering the prototype.

Results
A comprehensible 360° CHILD-profile is developed: an online accessible visualization of CHC data based on the theoretical concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This dashboard provides caregivers and parents/youth with a holistic view on children’s health and “entry points” for preventive, individualized health plans.

Conclusions
Describing this developmental process offers guidance on how to utilize the nested design model within a health care context.
DETERMINATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF PHENYTOIN IN THAI CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY
Authors: A. CHANRUANG , M. RAKNGAM , S. TEEKACHUNHATEAN , K. DAENGSUEPTRAKUN , B. PUNYAWUDHO 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Phenytoin displays nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to the saturation of its’ metabolizing enzymes, thus making dosing adjustments a challenge in clinical practice. However, data on the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin in pediatric patients with epilepsy in Thailand remain lacking. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin, and the factors influencing them in epileptic Thai children using therapeutic drug monitoring data.
Methods: Steady state phenytoin plasma concentrations were collected from 96 Thai children with epilepsy aged ≤ 15 y. For individuals having a single steady-state concentration (Css) on one dosage, the Vmax was determined by fixing Km = 4.5 mg/l. For patients with two values for Css with different dosages, the Ludden method was used to determine Vmax and Km. Influences on Vmax and Km by demographic factors including age, sex, weight, serum albumin, and the use of CYP2C9 inducers (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, folic acid, and vigabatrin) and inhibitors (valproic acid and topiramate) were determined by linear mixed-effects regression.
Results: The majority of patients had sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations of phenytoin. The Vmax and Km were estimated to be 9.84 mg/kg/d and 2.32 mg/l, respectively. Age and weight significantly influenced Vmax, whereas Km had no significant influencing factors.
Conclusion: The Vmax estimated in this study is different from other populations previously reported. Our results suggest that increased phenytoin dosages may be required to achieve optimal concentrations due to the sub-therapeutic concentrations reported here. The results from this study are beneficial for phenytoin dosage individualization in Thai children.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF QUERCETIN-LOADED MICROEMULSION
Authors: CHUO WEN HO , LO YUNG KUANG , HUANG YUH TYNG , WU CHIEH SHAN 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This research aims to develop a quercetin microemulsion system to improve the solubility of quercetin and to study the stability of the microemulsions.
Methods: The microemulsion is prepared by water titration method using isopropyl myristate (oil), Tween 60®/Span 80® (3:2) (surfactant) and ethanol (co-surfactant). Two different aqueous phases, water or NaCl solution, were used to prepare microemulsions and the influence of each parameter was described. DPPH scavenging and anti-tyrosinase activity were performed along with chemical stability to evaluate the functional stability of microemulsions.
Results: The influence of percentage of oil phase (variable A) on the solubility of quercetin was less significant than that of percentage of surfactant/co-surfactant (variable B). Compared to those prepared with water (variable C), the solubility of quercetin in microemulsions prepared with NaCl solution significantly increased. The ratio of the high level to low level for solubility of three variables was 1.135, 1.315 and 1.591 respectively. Increasing variable A and B led to an increase in the particle size of microemulsions from 120.08 nm to 188.38 nm and 48.18 nm to 260.28 nm, respectively. The influence of variable B was quite significant, while variable C has no significant effect on particle size. Quercetin microemulsions showed good chemical and functional stability when stored at 4 °C. Under other conditions, especially at 40 °C, the activity of the microemulsion is considerably reduced.
Conclusion: The influence of different variables on the characteristics of microemulsions was complicated. Care must be taken in the composition and storage conditions of these formulations.
The Use of Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Extremity and Truncal Sarcoma
Authors: Canter Robert J 
Published: January 2021

Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been an established component of multimodality cancer care for patients with pediatric sarcomas for the past 25 years, the role of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) amenable to treatment with curative intent remains controversial. Overall, meta-analyses have revealed modest improvements in survival outcomes with the use of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but individual trials have demonstrated inconsistent results leading some to question the robustness and external validity of the results. A recent randomized trial using anthracycline- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy has provided further positive evidence in support of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for adult STS patients, but concerns persist regarding the risks of chemotherapy-related toxicities and the generalizability of the findings. Given the substantial risk of distant recurrence and disease-specific death for adult STS patients with tumors greater than 10 cm, especially those with synovial sarcoma and myxoid or round liposarcoma histologies, these patients should be strongly considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of a combined modality approach. The impact of recent level I data on the broader implementation of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in adult STS remains to be seen.
This review contains 5 figures and 34 references
Key Words: chemotherapy, limb salvage, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, multimodality therapy, soft tissue sarcoma, surgery, survival, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Rare Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic Tumors
Authors: Zheleva Vasilena , Liang Yu , Melstrom Laleh 
Published: January 2021

This review discusses the clinical presentation, histopathologic characteristics, and diagnostic and treatment algorithms for several distinct fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumor subtypes. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas typically arise in the deep soft tissues of the proximal extremities or trunk in young adults. They tend to have a high local recurrence rate, although some may have distant metastases. Histologically, they consist of bland fibroblasts with a whorled or linear arrangement alternating with hypocellular myxoid stroma. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcomas typically arise in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities of middle-aged adults. They tend to be slow growing but clinically aggressive, with a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastases. Classic histologic features include the presence of small, uniform, ovoid epithelioid cells with sparse cytoplasm, arranged in cords within a sclerotic fibrous stroma. Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas mainly affect the hands and feet. They are prone to local recurrence, with a very low likelihood of distant metastasis. Histologically, they have nodular architecture and highly cellular areas with an abundance of inflammatory cells, among which characteristic large Reed-Sternberg–like and lipoblast-like cells and hypocellular areas rich in myxoid stroma can be seen. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors typically occur in children and young adults, with common anatomic locations being the omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and lung. Histologically, they are composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells accompanied by a lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for all of the above tumor types. Radiation therapy may be used as adjuvant therapy for tumors with a high risk of local recurrence, in the setting of positive margins, or for unresectable primary or metastatic disease. There is no definite role for standard chemotherapy, but in certain cases, targeted therapy may be of use, such as ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors.

This review contains 16 figures, 1 table and 30 references
Key words: inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Clinical Trial Design and Statistics
Authors: Sosa Julie Ann 
Published: January 2021

A clinical trial is a planned experiment designed to prospectively measure the efficacy or effectiveness of an intervention by comparing outcomes in a group of subjects treated with the test intervention with those observed in one or more comparable group(s) of subjects receiving another intervention. Historically, the gold standard for a clinical trial has been a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, but it is sometimes impractical or unethical to conduct such in clinical medicine and surgery. Conventional outcomes have traditionally been clinical end points; with the rise of new technologies, however, they are increasingly being supplemented and/or replaced by surrogate end points, such as serum biomarkers. Because patients are involved, safety considerations and ethical principles must be incorporated into all phases of clinical trial design, conduct, data analysis, and presentation. This review covers the history of clinical trials, clinical trial phases, ethical issues, implementing the study, basic biostatistics for data analysis, and other resources. Figures show drug development and clinical trial process, and type I and II error. Tables list Food and Drug Administration new drug application types, and types of missing data in clinical trials.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 38 references