bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An energy management system for PV-STATCOMs in power distribution networks via a complex-domain SDP relaxation
Authors: Montoya Oscar Danilo , Gil-González Walter , Garcés Alejandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article proposes an efficient energy management system for optimally scheduling distributed energy resources based on photovoltaic static synchronous compensators (PV-STATCOMs) in medium-voltage distribution networks. The complete nonlinear programming (NLP) model is reformulated as a semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation in the complex domain. The key feature of our approximation lies in utilizing a set of Hermitian semi-definite matrices

$$\mathbb {X}_{n,n,h}$$

X

n
,
n
,
h

, which allows transforming the NLP model from

$$\mathbb {C}^{n}$$

C

n

into a linear programming one in the space of complex square matrices defined in

$$\mathbb {C}^{n\times n}$$

C

n
×
n

. The IEEE 33-bus grid was selected as a test feeder in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed relaxation through numerical experiments. Two objective functions are considered: (i) the minimization of the energy purchasing costs at the substation terminals and (ii) the minimization of the expected daily energy losses. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed SDP relaxation approach.
Economic valuation of a holistic rewilding approach in multifunctional landscapes: Evidence from the German Oder Delta
Authors: Massenberg Julian R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The academic discourse on rewilding has primarily focused on its ecological dimensions, yet rewilding initiatives also have the potential to combine ecological restoration with regional economic development and societal well-being. Using a discrete choice experiment, this study investigates public preferences and willingness to pay for rewilded landscapes in the Oder Delta and the underlying motivations that influence these preferences. The findings show a general willingness to support a holistic rewilding approach among the local population of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania. However, the results also highlight heterogeneous preferences with respect to different aspects of rewilding as well as underlying motivations. By providing insights into local preferences for rewilded landscapes, this research contributes to informing local rewilding initiatives and overarching conservation policies. It emphasises the importance of navigating trade-offs and conflicts inherent in rewilding projects and land use while emphasising the need for further research on the determinants of preferences and willingness to pay.
Primary HIV-1 infection presenting with nephrotic-range proteinuria and severe acute kidney injury mimicking imported Lassa fever
Authors: Pfäfflin Frieder , Schindler Ralf , Stegemann Miriam Songa , Schneider Wolfgang , Sander Leif Erik , Enghard Philipp , Achterberg Stephan , Schürmann Dirk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) can present with protean clinical manifestations. We report a rare presentation of PHI that underscores that a high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis of PHI.

Methods
We report on a 54-yearold previously healthy woman of African descent who presented with sudden-onset nephrotic-range proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis in the setting of febrile multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Both the epidemiological and clinical features initially pointed to imported Lassa fever, but this was ruled out. She was eventually diagnosed with PHI. We reviewed the literature for other patients who presented with PHI and AKI requiring hemodialysis.

Results
Kidney biopsy evaluation, including conventional and electron microscopy, revealed minimal change disease (MCD) and diffuse tubular damage leading to AKI. To date, MCD has not been reported to be associated with PHI and severe AKI. A literature search revealed six additional cases of severe PHI-associated AKI requiring hemodialysis. In four cases, severe rhabdomyolysis with tubulotoxic myoglobinuria played the primary causative role, while in one case each AKI was associated with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and hemolytic uremic syndrome, respectively.

Conclusions
Severe AKI requiring hemodialysis is a rare manifestation of PHI and may be associated with several conditions, most commonly PHI-associated rhabdomyolysis with tubulotoxic myoglobinuria. Severe AKI in PHI may also occur as a complication of MCD manifesting with nephrotic-range proteinuria. PHI should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with severe proteinuria and AKI in the setting of febrile multiple organ dysfunction syndromes, including hemorrhagic fever diseases.
Dissolving brittle phases in Ni-based filler metals by adding W
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Erck M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brazing hot work steel is a popular method used in the production of casting tools. Usually, Ni-based alloy Ni 620 serves as the preferred filler metal. However, incorporating metalloids such as B and Si to lower the melting point can result in unwanted intermetallic phase formation within the joint. These phases can adversely affect the mechanical characteristics. Hence, it is vital to reduce intermetallic phase formation during brazing to maintain optimal mechanical properties. The research concentrates on W inoculation of Ni 620 to alter the microstructure of the joint. The alloys are produced via melt spinning, and their solidus and liquidus temperatures are investigated using DSC measurements. Next, X37CrMoV5-1 hot work steel samples are brazed in a vacuum furnace. The microstructure is then studied using SEM/EDS, and their hardness properties are evaluated using nanoindentation. Furthermore, their strength is analyzed in the shear test. Incorporating W into Ni 620 when brazing hot work steel alters the presence of brittle phases and hardness characteristics. Particularly, introducing W leads to a significant decrease in hardness, resulting in a more even distribution of hardness throughout the joining area. Using W to modify Ni 620 proves to be advantageous for improving hardness properties when brazing hot work steel.
The Novelty and the Inventive Level that Utility Models Should Have According to Turkish Law – A Comparative Study of Turkish and German Law
Authors: Polater Salih , Konertz Roman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Türkiye, Law No. 6769 on the Protection of Industrial Property (Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu – SMK) was adopted on 22 December 2016, and published in the Official Gazette on 10 January 2017. The SMK consolidated the regulations concerning patent law, utility model law, trademark law, geographical indications law, and design law into a single legal text. In this context, some new regulations were made in the field of utility model law. SMK, Art. 142/II, stipulates that technical features that do not contribute to the subject matter of the invention shall not be considered in the novelty assessment of the utility model. During the validity of the previous law, the majority of cases in which an invention protected by a utility model was “photographically” new did not make any actual technical contribution to the subject matter of the invention. However, so far, no opinion has been adopted in Turkish law on how SMK, Art. 142/II, should be interpreted. In this study, the inventive level that utility models should have in Turkish law will be discussed in a comparative manner by taking into account the development and current situation in German law, which has a significant impact on Turkish law.
The Illusory Standard of Significant Human Contribution to AI-Assisted Inventions after the DABUS Decision of the German Federal Court of Justice
Authors: Kim Daria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This analysis shows that the decision of the German Federal Court of Justice in the DABUS case provides for a surface-level approach to the much-debated issue of inventorship in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) applications. While the Court accepted the additional information concerning the invention’s genesis on the inventor designation form as being in conformity with the existing (procedural) law, it disregarded the substance of this information, which prima facie raises doubts as to whether the designated natural person is indeed the inventor, particularly given the highly contentious circumstances of Thaler’s case. Although the Court upheld the merit-based notion of inventorship and the sufficient contribution requirement, its formalistic treatment of the inventor designation – such that “any human would do” – risks reducing the inventor designation to a legal fiction, allowing trivial human involvement to qualify as inventorship, especially in cases where unjustifiable claims are unlikely to be contested. The pending legal question left unanswered by the Court is: Under what conditions can, and should, a human using AI in the inventive process fulfil the requirement of sufficient contribution to merit the title of inventor, and how should the rules on inventor designation be applied to safeguard their ratio legis? The decision can be read as encouraging innovators to apply AI in technical problem-solving, leading to potentially patentable inventions, as it ensures that the contribution of AI to finding a technical teaching – regardless of how substantial it might be – would not preclude granting a patent to a natural person. This suggests that the Court prioritised the potential patentability of AI-assisted inventions over the merit-based justification for inventorship.
Clinical implication of anemia in older patients with dementia with lewy bodies
Authors: Karismaz Abdulkadir , Soysal Pinar , Eren Rafet , Serin Istemi , Bilgic Irem , Tanriverdi Irem , Smith Lee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This research sought to investigate the possible connection between anemia and various parameters of comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly individuals diagnosed with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). To our knowledge, this investigation represents the first attempt to examine how anemia impacts patients suffering from DLB.

Methods
This cross-sectional study encompassed 147 DLB patients from a single geriatric outpatient clinic. The study defined anemia as hemoglobin levels under 12 g/dL for women and 13 g/dL for men. Patients’ demographic information, coexisting medical conditions, and results from comprehensive geriatric evaluations were also recorded.

Results
Participants in the study had an average age of 85.4 ± 7.1 years. Anemia was present in 46.9% of the patients. Significant disparities were noted between individuals with and without anemia regarding the occurrence of congestive heart failure (CHF), polypharmacy, geriatric depression, and insomnia (all p < 0.05). After controlling for age, gender, and CHF in the multivariate analysis, the association between anemia and both the quantity of medications used [OR: 1.15 (95% CI:1.01-1,31)] and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores [OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.98] remained statistically significant (p < 0.05) when comparing anemic patients to non-anemic individuals.

Conclusion
In the present study almost one in two older patients with DLB were anemic. Anemia is associated with presence of CHF, higher number of drugs and depressive mood in DLB. It is recommended that healthcare providers should recognize the importance of anemia and its associated effects when treating older adults with DLB. This approach may lead to more effective management and treatment of this complex condition.
Projective techniques in twistor geometry
Authors: Altavilla Amedeo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This survey explores the interplay between twistor geometry and projective geometry, focusing on their applications to algebraic surfaces. We explore two main topics: the inclusion of twistor fibers and lines in these surfaces, and the behavior of twistor discriminant loci, with a particular focus on degree-2 surfaces. The study highlights contributions from Ballico and collaborators, comparing the twistor spaces of

$${\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3$$

C
P

3

and the flag threefold

$${\mathbb {F}},$$

F
,

which reveal fascinating contrasts and parallels. Key findings include a detailed analysis of surfaces in

$${\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3$$

C
P

3

and

$${\mathbb {F}}$$

F

that either contain finite or infinite twistor fibers. The survey also touches on cubic surfaces in

$${\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3$$

C
P

3

and their counterparts in

$${\mathbb {F}},$$

F
,

where the configurations of twistor fibers lead to intriguing results. Special attention is given to surfaces of twistor degree 2, including how their geometry and singularities interact with twistor projections. In particular, we discuss smooth and singular surfaces in

$${\mathbb {F}}$$

F

of bidegree (1, 1) and (0, 2), as well as their discriminant loci.
Data Informed Initialization of Fuzzy Membership Functions
Authors: Wang Tao , Gault Richard , Greer Desmond 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy neural networks (TSKFNNs) are frequently utilized to model regression problems. One of the most important challenges with TSKFNNs relates to the optimization of the starting parameters. With better initialization of these parameters, it may be possible to improve the speed of model convergence by having a better starting point as well as minimizing the risk of the model fitting to the local minima. The starting parameters for TSK fuzzy systems, specifically the number of membership functions (MFs) per input domain and the shape of each MF, are typically informed by human experts. However, human insights may include bias or be challenging to acquire. In existing research, the shape and number of MFs are typically kept constant across all input features for simplicity. However, having a dynamic initialization of MFs may allow the TSKFNNs to more accurately capture valuable information the input feature space. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a data-driven initialization algorithm may overcome such challenges when developing TSKFNNs. This paper presents a novel approach using parameter-free clustering and Akaike Information Criterion to the initialization of MFs for TSKFNNs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with nine popular datasets and benchmarked against the state-of-the-art TSK fuzzy systems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed data-informed method achieves superior generalization performance in testing compared to the benchmark model. The proposed model Fixed-N-Flexi-S with a personalized number of MFs can reduce root mean square error by over

$$10\%$$

10
%

compared with the baseline model FWF-NA on 7 out of 9 datasets. The proposed model Fixed-N-Flexi-S with multiple sorts of MF shapes can reduce root mean square error by more than

$$9\%$$

9
%

compared with the baseline model FWF-NA on 4 out of 9 datasets.
Oval Ducts in Mining Ventilation Systems: Optimization of the Operation Costs and Increase of Clearance in Mine Roadways
Authors: Menéndez Javier , Fernández-Oro Jesús M. , Galdo Mónica , Álvarez Laura , López Cipriano , Bernardo-Sánchez Antonio , Aguado María B. Díaz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To optimize the clearance in mine roadways and reduce operation costs, new oval ducts can be used in auxiliary ventilation systems instead of conventional circular ducts. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the performance of conventional circular ducts compared to two types of oval ducts with equivalent cross-sectional area. The laboratory tests were conducted on a test bench under various operating conditions using a 45-kW axial fan with speed control and flexible ducts 20 m in length and a cross-section of 0.78 m2. Additionally, a mining development with a cross-sectional area of 15.57 m2 in a deep mine was selected as a case study to analyze the increase in clearance and the optimization of the operation costs. A novel analytical model was developed based on the results of the experimental analysis. Variable friction coefficients along the ducts and different duct qualities were considered to determine the air leakage as well as the fan power requirements in the case of leaky ducts. The results obtained show an increase in pressure loss in the oval ducts, resulting in greater energy consumption for the ventilation system. However, a reduction in excavation costs of 6.4% can be achieved when the height of the mining developments is reduced using oval ducts. Finally, the results indicate that the use of oval ducts allows reducing operating costs and improving the efficiency of mining operations.
Remediation of emerging inorganic contaminants in soils and water using pristine and engineered biochar: a review
Authors: Shaheen Sabry M. , Ullah Habib , Wu Yuejun , Mosa Ahmed , Fang Yueru , Shi Yu , Liu Juan , Kumar Manish , Zhang Han , Zhang Baogang , Li Ronghua , Wang Jianxu , Antoniadis Vasileios , Lee Sang Soo , Rinklebe Jörg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) pose a growing threat to the agricultural ecosystems and human health. Biochar (BC) may be applied for the remediation of ECs in soils and water. There are some research papers that have been published about the potentiality of BC for the remediation of ECs in soils and water; however, there have been no critical and comprehensive review articles published on this topic up to now. Therefore, this review explores the application of pristine and modified BC for the remediation of various emerging inorganic contaminants (EICs), including vanadium (V), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), mercury (Hg), fluoride (F−), and rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and water. The review explores the specific mechanisms by which BC removes these EICs from water and soil. The roles of ion exchange, complexation, electrostatic interactions, and precipitation in the removal of these EICs from water by pristine and functionalized BC have been reviewed and discussed. Particular attention is also paid to the interaction and potential immobilization of those EICs in soils with pristine and functionalized BC, highlighting some applicable strategies for treating EIC-contaminated soils, particularly paddy soils, aiming to mitigate the associated ecological and human health risks. Finally, the potential environmental implications and further research on the applications of pristine and functionalized BC for remediation of EICs in water and soils have been summarized. This article provides a comprehensive overview on the potential applications of different pristine and engineered BCs for the sustainable remediation of EICs contaminated soils and water.

Graphical Abstract
Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 biocontrol against potato common scab involves significant changes in the soil microbiome and metabolome
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Ma Yue , Fu Jing , Wang Zhiqin , Zhao Yonglong , Zhong Naiqin , Zhao Pan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Potato common scab (CS) is a worldwide disease, caused by Streptomyces spp., and its presence reduces the market value of potatoes. A nontoxic and potentially effective approach in many control strategies is the use of antagonistic microbes as biocontrol agents. In this study, Bacillus atrophaeus DX­9 was isolated and assessed for its ability to protect against CS. Through integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, changes in the soil microbial community structure and soil properties were analyzed to understand the effects of Bacillus atrophaeus DX­9 on CS. These studies revealed that DX­9 inoculation could significantly decrease CS disease rate, disease index, and the number of CS pathogens, along with an increase in soil N and P content. Our metagenomic assays identified 102 phyla and 1154 genera, and DX­9 inoculation increased the relative abundances of the phyla Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexota and Gemmatimonadota. Additionally, an increase in the relative abundance of genera, such as Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium, and Nitrobacter, were significantly and positively correlated with soil N and P. Metabolomic analysis revealed that DX­9 inoculation significantly increased the soil levels of phytolaccoside A, 7,8­dihydropteroic acid, novobiocin, and azafrin. These compounds were enriched in microbe pathway metabolites, including xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. In summary, the use of Bacillus atrophaeus DX­9 against potato CS offers an alternative biocontrol method that can improve both soil microbial community and properties. This study provides insight into the potential mechanisms by which microbial inoculants can control CS disease.
Assessment of freshwater ecosystem health condition based on fish habitats using a holistic modelling approach
Authors: Anand Vicky , Oinam Bakimchandra , Singh Shailesh Kumar , Wieprecht Silke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global biodiversity is largely dependent on aquatic habitats. The state of fish habitats and the health of the aquatic ecosystem as a whole are important indicators of environmental quality. In recent years, the implications of human interference and climate change on aquatic environments have gained significant attention. Hydrological modifications driven on by anthropogenic activities are steadily degrading flow conditions and threatening the abundance of fish in the geographic region, while simultaneously having an impact on the health of the watershed. Therefore, the integrated hydrological-hydrodynamic-habitat modelling under diverse flow regimes can be used to assess the eco-sustainability and habitat suitability of the fish species. This article categorizes the habitat variables of fish into three groups: eco-hydrological, hydrodynamic-water quality, and eco-biological. This categorization facilitates an understanding of the mechanisms by which each factor affects fish and their habitats. The study, as the first of its kind, provides an extensive review of eco-hydrological models, hydrodynamic-water quality models, and habitat models, along with their relevant influencing components. It proposes a scientific framework for evaluating the potential hazards of aquatic habitat degradation, with an emphasis on data-scarce regions. This strategy could potentially establish a scientific basis for the preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
Wearable Ultrasound: Are We Ready to Take This Chance for Vascular Ageing Assessment?
Authors: Bianchini Elisabetta , Bruno Rosa Maria , Badhwar Smriti , Faita Francesco , Mayer Christopher C. , Gemignani Vincenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Wearable ultrasound (US) is an emerging innovative approach with a possibly huge impact on personalized medicine. Recent advancements in transducer material and architecture provide new opportunities in many medical areas. Within this context, assessment of vascular aging can play a crucial role especially related to the early detection of vascular alterations, i.e., before disease-related symptoms occur, reshaping the concept of cardiovascular prevention.

Aim
Within this work, we aim to stimulate a multidisciplinary discussion about the possible use of wearable ultrasound in the vascular aging field.

Methods
An overview on wearable ultrasound and its potential in the vascular aging field are provided with a view on data processing workflow, preclinical applications, clinical impact, and industrial challenges.

Results and conclusions
The concept of wearability opens interesting scenarios for a more effective adoption of the ultrasound technology that is currently underutilized. However, there are still several open issues, both in terms of safety and performance that need to be addressed to translate the innovation into clinical practice. The combination of innovative wearable devices with the holistic and versatile approach typical for US imaging has the potential to revolutionize the vascular field and a multidisciplinary discussion about this challenge can support its advancement.