bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROS‐NO Signaling is Altered in Exercising Swine with Multiple Comorbidities
Authors: Sorop Oana , Van De Wouw Jens , Van Drie Ruben , Merkus Daphne , Duncker Dirk J. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMultiple comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) induce sustained systemic inflammation and coronary endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. The resulting alterations in microvascular tone may contribute to impaired myocardial perfusion.HypothesisIncreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to DM, CKD and high fat diet (HFD) results in loss of NO bioavailability in the coronary microvasculature of exercising swine leading finally to altered myocardial perfusion.Methods and ResultsIn 6 female swine, DM (streptozotocin 3×50mg/kg iv), CKD (renal embolization), and hypercholesterolemia (via high fat diet, HFD) were induced for 6 months (DM+HFD+CKD). 8 female healthy swine on normal pig chow served as controls (CON). The role of ROS‐NO pathways in the regulation of coronary flow regulation was studied at rest and during graded treadmill exercise with/without eNOS inhibition (nitro‐L‐arginine), and ROS scavengers (MPG+Tempol). 6 months after the induction of comorbidities, DM+HFD+CKD animals had hyperglycemia (18.7±1.9 vs 7.5±0.6mmol/L), renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate: 123±12 vs 202±8 ml/min), hypercholesterolemia (7.3±0.7 vs 1.7±0.1mmol/l) and sustained systemic inflammation (TNF 51.6±5.1 vs 24.6±5.5pg/ml, all P<0.05). Myocardial superoxide production was increased in DM+HFD+CKD animals due to NADPH oxidase activation and eNOS uncoupling and this was associated with a lower myocardial NO production, (P<0.05). Myocardial oxygen delivery was impaired in DM+HFD+CKD swine at rest and during exercise, resulting in reduced coronary venous oxygen saturation (cvSaO2) compared to CON (P<0.05). eNOS‐inhibition resulted in coronary microvascular constriction in CON, reflected by reduced cvSaO2, however, it had no effect in DM+HFD+CKD (Fig. A, B, *P<0.05). Interestingly, scavenging of ROS resulted in decreased cvSaO2 in DM+HFD+CKD and had no effect in CON (Fig. C, D), suggesting that the increased oxidative stress resulted in increased production of the vasodilator hydrogen peroxide.ConclusionIn swine, 6 months exposure to multiple comorbidities resulted in impaired myocardial oxygen delivery mediated by altered NO bioavailability, which was associated with increased oxidative stress. This was partially compensated by increased hydrogen peroxide‐mediated vasodilation.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by a grant from the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: an initiative with support of the Dutch Heart Foundation [CVON2014‐11 (RECONNECT)]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on the use of Energy Drinks among Division I Athletes
Authors: Raynes Edilberto Alcantara , Waller Lauren , Glymph Kelly , Jones Timothy , Michaels Natalie , Barredo Ronald , Heimdal James , Johnson Owen , Pounders Vance , Bradley William , Hubbert Douglas 
Published: June 2021

The consumption of energy drinks has recently become a popular practice among athletes and college students. Research has shown the inappropriate use of energy drinks can increase the risk for cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to explore on the knowledge, attitudes and practices on the use of energy drinks among 137 Division I athletes. A cross sectional study design was utilized with an online survey questionnaire. In terms of attitudes, 77% of the participants did not use energy drinks with alcohol and did not mix with other substances and 19% consumed energy drinks to enhance sports performance. In terms of practices, more than 80% of the participants did not use energy drinks during sports activity and rarely consumed it monthly. Based on the results, the participants appear knowledgeable on the appropriate use of energy drinks.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dissection is the future. Or is it?
Authors: Pickering James 
Published: June 2021

The use of dissection as an effective modality to teaching anatomy to healthcare professions is longstanding, with the debate about its necessity and role sometimes appearing to have been going on for even longer. Recently, this debate has returned to the educational landscape due to the increasing level of anatomy education scholarship underway that is morphing the field of anatomy education from one of pure delivery to evidence‐based curriculum design. However, how do we make decisions on our curriculum delivery, what informs our decision making processes? Traditionally, the approach would be to use the established evidence‐base to justify decisions and implement changes that are supported by literature, but is this really the best way? Although this approach may work within other scientific fields, education delivery is complex with multiple factors, such as cohort mix, technology, logistical arrangements, and timetable availability. Moreover, there is also the societal context in which our students will be entering and the changes in healthcare systems that await them as healthcare professionals. Within this context is teaching anatomy primarily through dissection, to undifferentiated healthcare students, the most effective and efficient approach?This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Menthol‐induced hyperthermia and its implication for a pharmacological approach to obesity prevention and treatment
Authors: Armentano Giovana Marchini , Vizin Robson Cristiano Lillo , Carrettiero Daniel Carneiro , Almeida Maria Camila 
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that short‐term repeated treatment with topical menthol results in less body mass gain in lean Wistar rats compared to controls due to a persistent increase in energy expenditure, with limited compensatory thermoregulatory adaptations and, most unexpectedly, without affecting food intake (Vizin et al, J Appl Physiol. 2018 124(3):672–683). Menthol seems thus to be a promising drug for the prevention of obesity. Whether repeated topical application of menthol affects body weight gain in obese animals is not known. We tested the effects of topical menthol (5%) treatment on body weight gain and body temperature on both genetic obese ob/ob mice and in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity in Wistar rats. In control mice (WT) repeated application of menthol (9 days) resulted in a reduction of body mass gain, as a consequence of increased energy expenditure, as measured by the persistent hyperthermic response after menthol. However, in obese ob/ob mice repeated application of menthol for 9 days was not sufficient to cause a significant reduction in body mass gain. The hyperthermic response of ob/ob mice to menthol was reduced as compared to WT thermoregulatory response. In HFD‐obese rats, topical menthol treatment for 9 days resulted in a decrease in ~20g in mean body weight, which is correspondent to a 5% reduction in body mass. Menthol treatment was accompanied by a hyperthermic response in obese rats, which most probably accounted for the increased energy expenditure that allowed body mass reduction. Our data support the suggestion that menthol is a promising drug not only for obesity prevention (as it reduces body mass gain in lean animals) but also for the treatment of HFD‐induced obesity as well.Support or Funding InformationFapesp (grants 2017/13062‐5 and 2015/02991‐0)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Determining Changes in Thermal Patterns in Canines based on Coat Type using Infrared Thermographic Imaging
Authors: Kwon Claire , Brundage Cord 
Published: June 2021

Infrared thermography detects variations in surface temperatures. This imaging modality has been used to approximate body temperature, inflammation, and wellness. In mammals, the insulatory effect of hair coat type is likely to have disparate effects on surface temperature and patterning. To measure the difference in surface temperatures based on coat type in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), an infrared thermographic imaging camera (i.e. FLIR B400) was used. Thermographic images were taken of the right and left sides of privately‐owned dogs (n = 50) Each animal acclimated in an indoor environment (23 ± 2.0 °C) for 15 minutes; images were taken at a minimum distance of 0.4 m. Mean surface temperatures were analyzed across the lateral surface of each animal. No difference in surface temperature was identified based on the laterality (P = 0.983). Mean surface temperatures were then categorized based on each dog's hair coat type: short coat (SC), long coat (LC), curly coat (CC), and double coat (DC). SC animals had a significantly higher surface temperature (31.57 ± 0.32 °C) than LC or DC animals (28.11 ± 0.95 °C for LC and 28.29 ± 2.00 °C for DC respectively; P < 0.001). Dogs characterized with a CC had an intermediate surface temperature of 29.96 ± 1.94 °C. Variability in surface temperature was independent of rectal temperature (P > 0.05). This evidence suggests that coat type should be considered when evaluating the surface temperature of canids and elevations in surface temperature should be interpreted within the context of an animal's coat characteristics.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Specific Role of Adiponectin in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokines Production during Rat Lung Development
Authors: Ivanovska Julijana , Kang Cindy , Tamir‐Hostovsky Liran , Belik Jaques , Gauda Estelle B. 
Published: June 2021

Adiponectin (APN), an abundant circulating plasma protein mostly generated from adipose tissue, is implicated in lung vascular, oxidative and anti‐inflammatory protection. Circulating APN levels are low in premature and small for gestational age neonates, who are at the greatest risk for developing lung oxidative and inflammatory injury leading to bronchopulmonary (BPD) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). We previously characterized the expression pattern of APN and its receptors (Adipor1 and Adipor2) during lung development in the newborn rat and localized APN and Adipor1 and Adipor2 protein expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Here we describe the effect of recombinant APN (rAPN) on PASMC proliferation and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production in PASMC during early lung development.METHODSPostnatal day (PND) 4 and 7 PASMC were treated with recombinant APN (rAPN) (2 and 5 μg/ml), in the presence of water‐soluble tetrazolium salt 8 (WST8). The formation of formazan in viable cells was detected spectrophotometrically and used as an indicator of cell proliferation. The effect of rAPN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (3 μg/ml) ‐ induced protein expression of IL6, TNFα, and IL10 was also examined. Western blotting technique were used to measure cytokine protein expression.RESULTSrAPN decreased the proliferation of PASMC from both age groups, p<0.05 vs only culture medium control cells. rAPN (2μg/ml): 1) decreased IL6 protein levels in PND 4 PASMC at baseline and in presence of LPS with no effect on IL‐6 expression in PASMC from PND 7 animals, 2) decreased TNFα protein levels in PND 4 and PND 7 PASMC in response to LPS and at baseline only in PND 4 PASMC, and 3) increased the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL10 protein levels from PASMC at baseline in PND4 and in response to LPS in PND 7 (p<0.05 vs control)CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, we show that rAPN inhibits PASMC proliferation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in PASMC during early postnatal lung development. Overall rAPN decreased pro‐inflammatory and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine production in these cells at PND 4 and 7. These novel findings are relevant to the premature infant at high risk for developing BPD and associated PAH. We speculate that increasing lung APN levels could potentially decrease lung injury and vascular remodeling from inflammatory stimuli and reduce the development of BPD. The role of rAPN delivered to the lung, in an in vivo model of LPS‐induced lung injury in newborn rats is currently being investigatedSupport or Funding InformationWomen's Auxilary of The Hospital for Sick ChildrenThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Contribution of Mitochondria‐Derived Reactive Oxygen Species to Augmented Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Following Chronic Hypoxia
Authors: Yan Simin , Sheak Joshua R. , Jernigan Nikki L. , Walker Benjimen R. , Resta Thomas C. 
Published: June 2021

Chronic hypoxia (CH) augments pulmonary arterial tone through O2−‐dependent stimulation of RhoA, a response that may contribute to the vasoconstrictor component of pulmonary hypertension. Although mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pulmonary vasculature, the role of mitochondria‐derived ROS (mitoROS) in enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity following CH is unknown. We hypothesized that mitoROS contribute to elevated basal pulmonary arterial tone and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) induced vasoconstriction following CH. To test our hypothesis, we measured basal tone by videomicroscopy in isolated, pressurized small pulmonary arteries [~150 μm inner diameter (i.d.)] from normoxic and CH (4 wk, 0.5 atm) rats following administration of the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants, MitoQ (1 μM) or MitoTEMPO (200 μM), or their respective vehicles. Parallel studies evaluated effects of mitoROS inhibition on vasoconstrictor responses to increasing concentrations of ET‐1. Experiments were performed either in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine (300 μM) or after endothelial disruption to limit the influence of endogenous NO. Pulmonary arterial tone was calculated as the percent difference in i.d. between Ca2+‐free and Ca2+‐containing conditions, whereas vasoconstriction to ET‐1 was expressed as a percentage of baseline i.d. Exposure to CH significantly (P < 0.05) increased basal pulmonary arterial tone and vasoconstrictor responsiveness to ET‐1 in both NOS‐inhibited and endothelium‐disrupted arteries. Treatment with either MitoQ or MitoTEMPO prevented these responses to CH and normalized values between groups. We conclude that mitoROS provide a major contribution to CH‐induced increases in pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH grant R01 HL132883 (to T.C. Resta).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Implementation of LabVIEW as a Virtual Instrument in a Cost‐Effective Isolated Lung Setup
Authors: Cleveland William J. , Hees Josephine E. , Balzer Claudius , Lotze Felicia P. , Pille Johannes A. , Salzman Michele M. , Riess Matthias L. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIsolated lung experiments allow for ex vivo characterization of lung function and prove to be a valuable model for various fields such as cancer, lung transplantation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Unlike other models that require damaging the lung, the isolated lung allows for collection of physiological changes including airway pressure, pulmonary artery and vein pressure, airway flow, and, in our model, ventilated gas concentrations. We describe the use of LabVIEW combined with the free statistical software R for highly flexible, effective, and automated data collection in an isolated lung system.MethodsPressure transducers connected to bioamplifiers allow for collection of dynamic pulmonary artery and vein pressures, while airway pressure and flow are collected from the ventilator with the former used to visualize positive end expiratory pressure. Signals from these devices are connected to an analog‐digital converter from National InstrumentsTM that collects data into LabVIEW software, which is then automatically collected and displayed at 200Hz. Use of a roller pump with analog input/output allows for fully automated control of the perfusion speed. Output from a gas mixer for use in ventilated gas studies is collected and used to generate gas composition data. Additional experimental data that do not have signal output capability can be recorded manually in LabVIEW.ResultsLabVIEW is a reliable alternative to other commercially available data acquisition systems. The creation of a virtual instrument requires significant programming knowledge but allows for completely customizable data collection in a modular isolated lung system. Data become available in an Excel‐compatible file which can then be imported and analysed in R as another affordable alternative to commercial programs.ConclusionWe describe the design and implementation of a LabVIEW virtual instrument as an adjustable alternative to conventional data acquisition systems.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported, in part, by institutional funds, NIH grant (5R01 HL123227), and a Merit Review Award (I01 BX003482) from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory R&D Service.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Stress Engages Novel Beta‐Adrenergic Receptor and CRF1 Receptor Mediated Glutamatergic Signaling in the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Authors: Snyder Angela , Silberman Yuval 
Published: June 2021

Pathological stress reactivity is a critical factor in many mental health disorders. In order to better treat pathological stress‐related mental health disorders, a better understanding of the neurocircuitry governing homeostatic stress responses is needed. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a heterogenous limbic structure that plays a crucial role in the central nervous system's response to stress. During normal stress responding, norepinephrine signaling in the BNST is increased and modulates glutamatergic transmission. Prior experiments showed that stimulating beta1‐adrenergic receptors (β1‐ARs) enhances glutamatergic transmission in the dorsal lateral BNST (dBNST) through the modulation of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling. However, whether this mechanism is conserved in other subregions of the BNST has not been well‐studied. Therefore, this study sought to determine the mechanism by which β‐AR stimulation might modulate glutamatergic transmission in the ventral BNST (vBNST). Using whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded from vBNST neurons in brain slices from adult male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were either exposed to one‐hour restraint stress or left as stress‐naïve prior to obtaining the slices. At baseline, sEPSC frequency was significantly higher in stressed than naïve mice (p<0.05). In both naïve and stressed mice, 10‐min bath application of the non‐selective β‐AR agonist, isoproterenol (3 μM), significantly increased vBNST sEPSC frequency (p<0.001). In both conditions, the isoproterenol effect was blocked by the selective β1‐AR antagonist betaxolol (10 μM), indicating that isoproterenol is acting through a β1‐AR mediated mechanism. The CRF1 receptor antagonist, NBI 27914 (1 μM), blocked the isoproterenol effect, indicating similar β1‐AR/CRF1 receptor circuit interactions in both the dorsal and ventral BNST. Surprisingly, although 10‐min application of the β2‐AR agonist clenbuterol (10 μM) did not change sEPSC frequency in naïve mice (p>0.05), clenbuterol did significantly increase sEPSC frequency in stressed mice (p<0.05). NBI 27914 blocked the clenbuterol effect in stressed mice, indicating a role for CRF1 receptors in this β2‐AR circuit. Additionally, using RNAscope in‐situ hybridization, expression of β2‐AR mRNA was upregulated following stress, specifically in CRF expressing neurons. These results suggest that stress induces de novo β2‐AR expression in vBNST CRF neurons that act to stimulate glutamate release within this brain region. These results uncover novel stress neurocircuitry in the vBNST and further investigation of this circuit may lead to possible therapeutic targets for treatment of chronic stress.Support or Funding InformationThis work funded by NIH grant AA22937.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Microanalytical Mass Spectrometry Detects RAS Metabolites in Small Identified Mouse Brain Samples
Authors: Lombard‐Banek Camille , Yu Zhe , Swiercz Adam P. , Marvar Paul J , Nemes Peter 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) critical for cardiovascular homeostasis, has been identified as potential therapeutic target and link to comorbid PTSD‐CVD development. However, the mechanisms are unclear. To better understand how the RAS contributes to CVD risk in PTSD, measurements of the RAS metabolites, the angiotensin peptides, in targeted brain areas are necessary. The low concentrations of angiotensin peptides in the brain however, challenges modern analytical approaches. This challenge is further compounded when studying small identified areas such as brain tissue punches. As a response to this challenge, we developed a microanalytical mass spectrometry approach to enable the detection of angiotensin peptides from brain tissue punches.MethodsUsing 6 angiotensin‐like peptide standards, we reconfigured a laboratory‐built capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization platform (CE‐ESI) platform and a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) for targeted peptide detection, essentially serving as a highly confident peptide assay. We benchmarked our approach to nano‐liquid chromatography (LC) ESI‐HRMS, the traditional technology for peptide analysis in HRMS.ResultsWe first developed a targeted approach on a quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometer for the detection and quantification of the 6 selected angiotensin‐like peptides. Comparison of our CE‐ESI‐HRMS approach to the traditional nanoLC‐ESI‐HRMS revealed comparable peptide signals despite a 5‐fold reduction in sample loading. This demonstrated that our platform was suited for the measurement of angiotensin peptides from small sample volumes. The lower‐limit of quantification was established in the pM–nM range for all the selected RAS metabolites. After revising the extraction method to enhance peptide recovery, we applied our methodology to measure different levels of RAS metabolites in brain punches from the subfornical organ (SFO) and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of control and water deprived (WD) mice. Differences in the level of all RAS metabolites in the SFO concurred with the effect of WD in increasing angiotensin levels. On the other hand, levels for most of the RAS metabolites in the PVN did not change noticeably.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that our CE‐ESI‐HRMS based analytical approach enabled the sensitive detection of RAS metabolites in small brain tissue samples, raising a potential to help study the chemistry of the brain RAS during PTSD and CVD.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.