bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution planning of mobile battery energy storage systems for grid outage support to urban residents
Authors: Zhao Zehua , Luo Fengji , Ranzi Gianluca , Gao Fei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMobile battery energy storage systems (MBESSs) represent an emerging application within the broader framework of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). By transporting lightweight BESSs, energy backup support can be provided to different geographical locations. This work studies a new scenario, in which an MBESS service provider delivers a number of BESSs to serve multiple end energy customers in an emergent grid outage event. An integrated distribution planning framework is proposed to coordinately optimise the MBESS carrier's driving paths and the distribution plans for the BESSs. The framework aims at maximising the MBESS service provider's total profit. An efficient, decomposed solving approach is developed for the proposed framework; numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
W band solid‐state power amplifier for aerospace usage
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Jun , Yu Hong‐Xi , Zhao Heng‐Fei , Zhao Ying , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang An‐Xue , Jin Zhong‐He 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConcentrating on the high frequency aerospace demand of solid‐state power amplifier (SSPA), this paper presents the methodology and key technique of a W‐band 3‐W SSPA that achieves high efficiency while maintaining excellent reliability capability. An improved Magic‐T power combiner is utilized to achieve high output power, and eliminate the influence of the parallel end‐stage gallium‐nitride high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor (GaN HEMT) PAs by its good isolation performance. The SSPA's millimetre‐wave circuit is implemented by three stages of amplifier, to realized more than 30‐dB power gain. The power‐supply circuit based on the two‐transistor forward topology is proposed for voltage converting and output serious sequence controlling. The SSPA is fabricated and measured, achieving 33‐dBm to 34.1‐dBm output power within the frequency range of 92–96 GHz, with the power gain of 31–32 dB, and peak efficiency of 7.1%, respectively. The proposed SSPA shows competitive performance for space application.
La supraconductivité à haute température dans les oxydes de cuivre : où en est-on ?
Authors: Sacuto Alain , Galais Yann , Cazayous Maximilien , Houver Sarah 
Published: November 2021

La supraconductivité est un phénomène quantique fascinant, car les effets qu’elle produit sont visibles à l’œil nu. Bien comprise dans les métaux standard (plomb, aluminium, étain...), elle reste largement incomprise dans certains oxydes de cuivre, appelés cuprates.
Cette énigme en cache une autre, celle de la phase « métallique » des cuprates, de laquelle surgit la supraconductivité. Cette phase « métallique » est étonnamment complexe. Elle héberge plusieurs ordres électroniques qui sont interconnectés. À quel type de connections sommes-nous confrontés ? Quels rôles peuvent jouer ces ordres dans l’émergence de la supraconductivité à haute température critique ? Ces questions interpellent les physiciens, car elles annoncent une nouvelle ère de la physique des matériaux, où les ordres de la matière s’entremêlent.
Cet article est divisé en deux parties. La première est une introduction générale à la physique des cuprates, et la seconde est une étude avancée sur les ordres électroniques qui s’y développent en fonction de l’évolution de la topologie de la surface de Fermi.
Does Smoking and Alcohol Increase the Risk of COVID-19? A Review
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Singh Ujwal , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first case of pneumonia of unknown origin was identified in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province situated in the Republic of China. The pathogenic organism that has been identified as a causative organism is a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus, which has been designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus has been found to have a similar phylogeny to SARS-CoV. The novel coronavirus or COVID-19 can be symptomized through clinical manifestations like pyrexia or fever, cough, dyspnea/difficulty in breathing, myalgia/muscle pain, and constant fatigue. COVID-19 can be transmitted through respiratory tract secretions. It mainly results in respiratory tract infections and the development of severe pneumonia in infected patients. Severe disease may ultimately cause death due to progressive respiratory failure. The coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 has been declared a public health emergency of international proportions by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, an analysis of cases might help in the identification of the disease's defining clinical characteristics, association with underlying lifestyle habits, and disease severity. This present article studied the probability of smoking and alcohol consumption in increasing the risk involved in increasing the severity of COVID-19 infection among affected subjects.
Asymptotically periodic quasilinear Schrödinger equations with critical exponential growth
Authors: Severo Uberlandio B. , Germano Diogo de S. 
Published: November 2021

In this work, we study the existence of a positive solution for a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations involving a potential that behaves like a periodic function at infinity and the nonlinear term may exhibit critical exponential growth. In order to prove our main result, we combine minimax methods with a version of the Trudinger–Moser inequality. These equations appear naturally in mathematical physics and have been derived as models of several physical phenomena.
Transparent graphene electrodes based hybrid perovskites photodetectors with broad spectral response from UV–visible to near-infrared
Authors: Lin Guoming , Lin Yuanwei , Sun Baoyun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new class of transparent graphene electrode based organic–inorganic halide perovskite photodetectors with broad spectral response is developed. These ultrasensitive devices exhibit high ON/OFF current ratio, high linear dynamic range, broad spectral range, excellent detection for weak light and easy fabrication with low-cost. Their semi-transparent feature and distinct photodetecting function for both sides would provide new applications affecting our daily lives.
Crystallization and mechanical behavior of semi-crystalline polyethylene
Authors: Yan Z , Zaoui A , Zaïri F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the crystallinity and mechanical properties of multi-chain polyethylene systems. Results show that structural composition (length and number of chains) and temperature lead to different crystallinity, which are obtained by using two general measurement methods, namely chain orientation and global order. The semi-crystalline polyethylene systems are deformed under various mechanical loading modes and at different temperatures representing different polymer states. The stretching temperature and structural composition have a strong influence on the mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, yield stress and inelastic mechanisms. The orientation crystallization caused by the heat treatment stage induces a significant directional effect on the different parts of the large-strain stress-strain response. Besides, the competition of the two main inelastic deformation mechanisms, namely shear yielding and cavitation damage, are revealed during the course of stretching.
A backward Monte Carlo method for fast-ion-loss simulations
Authors: Zonta Filippo , Sanchis Lucia , Hirvijoki Eero , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel scheme to improve the statistics of simulated fast-ion loss signals and power loads to plasma-facing components in fusion devices. With the so-called backward Monte Carlo method, the probabilities of marker particles reaching a chosen target surface can be approximately traced from the target back into the plasma. Utilizing the probabilities as a priori information for the well-established Forward Monte Carlo method, statistics in fast-ion simulations are significantly improved. For testing purposes, the scheme has been implemented to the ASCOT suite of codes and applied to a realistic ASDEX upgrade configuration of beam-ion distributions
Greater loss and fragmentation of savannas than forests over the last three decades in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Lapuz R Sedricke , Jaojoco Angelica Kristina M , Reyes Sheryl Rose C , De Alban Jose Don T , Tomlinson Kyle W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Yunnan Province, southwest China, has a monsoonal climate suitable for a mix of fire-driven savannas and fire-averse forests as alternate stable states, and has vast areas with savanna physiognomy. Presently, savannas are only formally recognised in the dry valleys of the region, and a no-fire policy has been enforced nationwide since the 1980s. Misidentification of savannas as forests may have contributed to their low protection level and fire-suppression may be contributing to vegetation change towards forest states through woody encroachment. Here, we present an analysis of vegetation and land-use change in Yunnan for years 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016 by classifying Landsat imagery using a hybrid of unsupervised and supervised classification. We assessed how much savanna area had changed over the 3 decades (area loss, fragmentation), and of this how much was due to direct human intervention versus vegetation transition. We also assessed how climate (mean annual temperature, aridity), landscape accessibility (slope, distance to roads), and fire had altered transition rates. Our classification yielded accuracy values of 77.89%, 82.16%, 94.93%, and 86.84% for our four maps, respectively. In 1986, savannas had the greatest area of any vegetation type in Yunnan at 40.30%, whereas forest cover was 30.78%. Savanna coverage declined across the decades mainly due to a drop in open parkland savannas, while forest cover remained stable. Savannas experienced greater fragmentation than forests. Savannas suffered direct loss of coverage to human uses and to woody encroachment. Savannas in more humid environments switched to denser vegetation at a higher rate. Fire slowed the rate of conversion away from savanna states and promoted conversion towards them. We identified remaining savannas in Yunnan that can be considered when drafting future protected areas. Our results can inform more inclusive policy-making that considers Yunnan’s forests and savannas as distinct vegetation types with different management needs.
Weak upstream westerly wind attracts western North Pacific typhoon tracks to west
Authors: Son Jun-Hyeok , Kwon Jae-Il , Heo Ki-Young 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The steering flow of the large-scale circulation patterns over the western North Pacific and North East Asia, constrains typhoon tracks. Westerly winds impinging on the Tibetan Plateau, and the resulting flow uplift along the slope of the mountain, induce atmospheric vortex flow and generate stationary barotropic Rossby waves downstream. The downstream Rossby wave zonal phase is determined by the upstream zonal wind speed impinging on the Tibetan Plateau. Negative anomaly of westerly wind forcing tends to induce a westward shift of the large-scale Rossby wave circulation pattern, forming an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over North East Asia. In this study, we show that the Tibetan Plateau dynamically impacts the tracks of western Pacific typhoons via modulation of downstream Rossby waves. Using the topographically forced stationary Rossby wave theory, the dynamical mechanisms for the formation of the North East Asian anti-cyclonic anomaly and its impact on the typhoon tracks are analyzed. The westward shift of typhoon tracks caused by the southeasterly wind anomaly, or track density increase over the western flank of the North East Asian anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly is robust in June, August and September, but it is not statistically significant in July. The physical understanding of the large-scale circulation pattern affecting typhoon trajectories has large implications not only at the seasonal prediction of the high impact weather phenomena, but also at the right understanding of the long-term climate change.
Estimated climate impact of replacing agriculture as the primary food production system
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H , Rogelj Joeri , Withey Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global agriculture is the second largest contributor to anthropogenic climate change after the burning of fossil fuels. However the potential to mitigate the agricultural climate change contribution is limited and must account for the imperative to supply food for the global population. Advances in microbial biomass cultivation technology have recently opened a pathway to growing substantial amounts of food for humans or livestock on a small fraction of the land presently used for agriculture. Here we investigate the potential climate change impacts of the end of agriculture as the primary human food production system. We find that replacing agricultural primary production with electrically powered microbial primary production before a low-carbon energy transition has been completed could redirect renewable energy away from replacing fossil fuels, potentially leading to higher total CO2 emissions. If deployed after a transition to renewable energy, the technology could alleviate agriculturally driven climate change. These diverging pathways originate from the reversibility of agricultural driven global warming and the irreversibility of fossil-fuel CO2 driven warming. The range of reduced warming from the replacement of agriculture ranges from −0.22 (−0.29 to −0.04) ∘C for shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP)1 −1.9 to −0.85 (−0.99 to −0.39) ∘C for SSP4-6.0. For limited temperature target overshoot scenarios, replacement of agriculture could eliminate or reduce the need for active atmospheric CO2 removal to achieve the necessary peak and decline in global warming.
Relativistic Langevin equation derived from a particle-bath Lagrangian
Authors: Petrosyan Aleksandr , Zaccone Alessio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We show how a relativistic Langevin equation can be derived from a Lorentz-covariant version of the Caldeira–Leggett particle-bath Lagrangian. In one of its limits, we identify the obtained equation with the Langevin equation used in contemporary extensions of statistical mechanics to the near-light-speed motion of a tagged particle in non-relativistic dissipative fluids. The proposed framework provides a more rigorous and first-principles form of the weakly-relativistic and partially-relativistic Langevin equations often quoted or postulated as ansatz in previous works. We then refine the aforementioned results to obtain a generalized Langevin equation valid for the case of both fully-relativistic particle and bath, using an analytical approximation obtained from numerics where the Fourier modes of the bath are systematically replaced with covariant plane-wave forms with a length-scale relativistic correction that depends on the space-time trajectory in a parabolic way. A new relativistic force term appears in this fully-relativistic limit, which has been derived here for the first time. We discuss the implications of the apparent breaking of space-time translation and parity invariance, showing that these effects are not necessarily in contradiction with the assumptions of statistical mechanics. The intrinsically non-Markovian character of the fully relativistic generalised Langevin equation derived here, and of the associated fluctuation–dissipation theorem, is also discussed.
Phylogeographical patterns based on trnH-psbA plastid DNA shed light on evolution within Waldsteinia (Rosaceae)
Authors: Protopopova M V , Pavlichenko V V , Stepanov N V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWaldsteiniaWilld. is a small herbaceous genus presumably of Neogene age and formerly wide-distributed around the Northern Hemisphere and now presents the remnants of the tertiary flora. According to the latest taxonomic revision,Waldsteiniais considered a group nested inGeumL. A comparatively low level of morphological divergence together with fuzzy ploidy patterns withinWaldsteiniacould not be reliable evidence to establish the former distributions and migration pathways of species. In the present study, using plastid DNA (trnH-psbA) data we tried to throw light onWaldsteiniahistory. Based on our data we believe that the taxonomic decision of nestingWaldsteiniainGeumdoes not reflect the complex structure of the obtained clade. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the objectivity of previous divisionWaldsteiniaon two subgenera,WaldsteiniaandComaropsis(Rich. ex Nestl.) Teppner, which was based on morphological differences, is becoming controversial. We also suggest an East Asian origin ofWaldsteiniaand subsequent speciation and taxa distribution in the direction of Europe and North America.W. ternates.l. (traditionally includingW. maximowicziana,W. ternata, andW. trifolia) is appeared to be a polyphyletic group and at leastW. maximowiczianashould be considered a distinct species.
High-Throughput Adaptable SARS-CoV-2 Screening for Rapid Identification of Dominant and Emerging Regional Variants
Authors: Hubler Zita , Song Xiao , Norris Cameron , Jani Mehul , Alouani David , Atchley Maureen , Stempak Lisa , Cherian Sarah , Schmotzer Christine , Sadri Navid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant strains can be associated with increased transmissibility, more severe disease, and reduced effectiveness of treatments. To improve the availability of regional variant surveillance, we describe a variant genotyping system that is rapid, accurate, adaptable, and able to detect new low-level variants built with existing hospital infrastructure.

Methods
We used a tiered high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 screening program to characterize variants in a supraregional health system over 76 days. Combining targeted reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and selective sequencing, we screened SARS-CoV-2 reactive samples from all hospitals within our health care system for genotyping dominant and emerging variants.

Results
The median turnaround for genotyping was 2 days using the high-throughput RT-PCR–based screen, allowing us to rapidly characterize the emerging Delta variant. In our population, the Delta variant is associated with a lower cycle threshold value, lower age at infection, and increased vaccine-breakthrough cases. Detection of low-level and potentially emerging variants highlights the utility of a tiered approach.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the need for fast, low-cost, high-throughput monitoring of regional viral sequences as the pandemic unfolds and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants increases. Combining RT-PCR–based screening with selective sequencing allows for rapid genotyping of variants and dynamic system improvement.
Stability of extemporaneously prepared preservative-free methylphenidate 5 mg/mL intravenous solution
Authors: Barra Megan E , Edlow Brian L , Lund James T , DeSanctis Katherine S , Vetrano John , Reilly-Tremblay Cherylann , Zhang Edlyn R , Bodien Yelena G , Brown Emery N , Solt Ken 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To advance the implementation of consciousness-promoting therapies in patients with acute disorders of consciousness, the availability of potential therapeutic agents in formulations suitable for administration in hospitalized patients in the presence of complex comorbid conditions is paramount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term stability of extemporaneously prepared preservative-free methylphenidate hydrochloride (HCl) 5 mg/mL intravenous solution for experimental use.

Methods
A methylphenidate 5 mg/mL solution was prepared under proper aseptic techniques with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride, USP, powder mixed in sterile water for solution. Methylphenidate HCl 5 mg/mL solution was sterilized by filtration technique under USP &lt;797&gt;–compliant conditions. Samples were stored refrigerated (2-8°C) and analyzed at approximately days 1, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 365. At each time point, chemical and physical stability were evaluated by visual inspection, pH measurement, membrane filtration procedure, turbidometric or photometric technique, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Results
Over the 1-year study period, the samples retained 96.76% to 102.04% of the initial methylphenidate concentration. There was no significant change in the visual appearance, pH level, or particulate matter during the study period. The sterility of samples was maintained and endotoxin levels were undetectable throughout the 1-year stability period.

Conclusion
Extemporaneously prepared preservative-free methylphenidate 5 mg/mL intravenous solution was physically and chemically stable at 32, 61, 95, 186, and 365 days when stored in amber glass vials at refrigerated temperatures (2-8°C).
Focused goodness of fit tests for gene set analyses
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Gelfman Sahar , Martins Moreno Cristiane Araujo , McCarthy Janice M , Harms Matthew B , Goldstein David B , Allen Andrew S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gene set-based signal detection analyses are used to detect an association between a trait and a set of genes by accumulating signals across the genes in the gene set. Since signal detection is concerned with identifying whether any of the genes in the gene set are non-null, a goodness-of-fit (GOF) test can be used to compare whether the observed distribution of gene-level tests within the gene set agrees with the theoretical null distribution. Here, we present a flexible gene set-based signal detection framework based on tail-focused GOF statistics. We show that the power of the various statistics in this framework depends critically on two parameters: the proportion of genes within the gene set that are non-null and the degree of separation between the null and alternative distributions of the gene-level tests. We give guidance on which statistic to choose for a given situation and implement the methods in a fast and user-friendly R package, wHC (https://github.com/mqzhanglab/wHC). Finally, we apply these methods to a whole exome sequencing study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.