bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Application Programming Interface for PROMIS Measures at Three Medical Centers
Authors: Bass Michael , Oncken Christian , McIntyre Allison W. , Dasilva Chris , Spuhl Joshua , Rothrock Nan E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background There is an increasing body of literature advocating for the collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical care. Unfortunately, there are many barriers to integrating PRO measures, particularly computer adaptive tests (CATs), within electronic health records (EHRs), thereby limiting access to advances in PRO measures in clinical care settings.
Objective To address this obstacle, we created and evaluated a software integration of an Application Programming Interface (API) service for administering and scoring Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures with the EHR system.
Methods We created a RESTful API and evaluated the technical feasibility and impact on clinical workflow at three academic medical centers.
Results Collaborative teams (i.e., clinical, information technology [IT] and administrative staff) performed these integration efforts addressing issues such as software integration as well as impact on clinical workflow. All centers considered their implementation successful based on the high rate of completed PROMIS assessments (between January 2016 and January 2021) and minimal workflow disruptions.
Conclusion These case studies demonstrate not only the feasibility but also the pathway for the integration of PROMIS CATs into the EHR and routine clinical care. All sites utilized diverse teams with support and commitment from institutional leadership, initial implementation in a single clinic, a process for monitoring and optimization, and use of custom software to minimize staff burden and error.
Auditory manifestations in HIV-infected children at a state hospital in South Africa
Authors: Phanguphangu Mukovhe , Ross Andrew John 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for developing ear disease and hearing loss (HL) in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey where participants underwent an otoscopic examination and an otoacoustic emissions screening (<6-years-old) or smartphone-based pure tone audiometry (>6-years-old) test. Prevalence data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while multivariate logistic regression identified the risk factors for developing ear disease/HL.

Results
Forty-one participants aged 3–12-years-old (22 males and 19 females) took part in this study. Twenty participants (48.7%) presented with ear disease including otitis media (n = 9, 22%), cerumen impaction (n = 10, 23%), and tympanic membrane perforation (n = 1, 2.4%). HL was observed in 13 participants (32%). Lower CD4 count, longer duration of HIV infection, shorter duration on ART treatment, and concomitant tuberculosis (TB) infection were (p < .05) all associated with ear diseases.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of ear disease and HL was found in CLWHA, which indicated the need for ear and hearing screening to be incorporated into 3-monthly consultations with CLWHA; to enable early detection and intervention and prevent the associated negative impacts. A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of CLWHA, specifically the inclusion of audiologists, and the use of mHealth in resource-constrained settings is highly recommended.
The Potsdam Open Source Radio Interferometry Tool (PORT)
Authors: Schuh H. , Heinkelmann R. , Beyerle G. , Anderson J. M. , Balidakis K. , Belda S. , Dhar S. , Glaser S. , Jenie O. S. , Karbon M. , Kitpracha C. , Küreç Nehbit P. , Liu L. , Lunz S. , Mammadaliyev N. , Modiri S. , Nilsson T. J. , Raut S. , Soja B. , Wang J. , Xu M. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Potsdam Open Source Radio Interferometry Tool (PORT) is the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) analysis software developed and maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Chiefly, PORT is tasked with the timely processing of VLBI sessions and post-processing activities supporting the generation of celestial and terrestrial reference frames. In addition, it serves as a framework for research and development within the GFZ’s VLBI working group and is part of the tool set employed in educating young researchers. Starting out from VLBI group delays, PORT estimates station and radio sources positions, as well as Earth orientation parameters, tropospheric parameters, and station clock offsets and drifts. The estimation procedures take into account all the necessary data analysis models that were agreed on for contributing to the ITRF2020 processing activities. The PORT code base is implemented in the MATLAB
® and Python programming languages. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and available for download at GFZ’s Git server https://git.gfz-potsdam.de/vlbi-data-analysis/port.
Design of novel functionalized collagen-chitosan-MBG scaffolds for enhancing osteoblast differentiation in BMSCs
Authors: Gao Kai , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Zhonghua , He Lijiao , Lin Jiayu , Bai Zhenzu , Jiang Kai , Huang Shan , Zheng Weijia , Liu Long 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Collagen and chitosan are two different kinds of natural biodegradable polymers commonly used in the regeneration of bone defects. Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is a type of favorable bone filler which can effectively constitute an enlarged microenvironment to facilitate an exchange of important factors between the cells and scaffolds. Here we prepared a collagen-chitosan-MBG (C-C-MBG) scaffold which displayed significantly increased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, we found that the scaffold can stimulate extra-cellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) activated Runx2 pathway, which is the predominant signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation. Consistently, we observed that the scaffold can markedly enhance the expression of Type I collagen, Osteopontin (Opn), and Runx2, which are important osteoblastic marker genes implicated in the process of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, we conclude that the composite scaffold can significantly promote the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts by activating Erk1/2-Runx2 pathway. Our finding thereby implies that the C-C-MBG scaffold can possibly act as a potential biomaterial in the bone regeneration.
Climate mitigation forestry—temporal trade-offs
Authors: Skytt Torbjörn , Englund Göran , Jonsson Bengt-Gunnar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 1.5 °C target for global warming calls for evaluating short-term (30–50 years) climate change mitigation with different forests usage. In the current scientific literature and in the public debate, there are contrasting views on how forests should be managed to maximize total climate benefit, including the use of products and changes in carbon pools. Three major factors influence the conclusions in different studies: (a) time horizon, (b) site productivity, (c) substitution calculations. Here we show the dependency among these factors by an analysis of four harvest scenarios: 95%, 60%, 40% and 0% of growth, which are compared to a business as usual scenario (80%). The analyses are made for five counties in Sweden, which covers a wide range in forest productivities, from 2.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1 (north) to 11.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1 (south).
The results show:
(a) Reduced harvest levels provide increased climate benefits on short time scales (at least 50 years).
(b) Increased harvesting from current level is counterproductive on both short and long term.
(c) The potential effect on the carbon balance of a no-harvest scenario in the five counties, is larger (1.1–16 times) than the expected emissions from all other anthropogenic activities until 2045.
(d) Short-term climate benefits of reduced harvesting are largest in highly productive forests. Smaller but more long-lasting benefits can be obtained by aiming at harvest reductions in less productive forests.
(e) Strategies focused on short-term benefits need to be adapted to the future development of substitution factors and forest growth. If substitution effects become higher, increased harvest levels will be beneficial after 2050 in high productive forests. However, if future substitution effects decrease, which is a plausible and desired development, low harvest strategies are preferred in both short- and long-term time perspectives.
We conclude that even moderate reductions of harvest levels would provide substantial climate benefits.
Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts
Authors: Bartsch Annett , Pointner Georg , Nitze Ingmar , Efimova Aleksandra , Jakober Dan , Ley Sarah , Högström Elin , Grosse Guido , Schweitzer Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, ≈6.2 Mio km2), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016–2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km2 constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016–2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8%–48% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15% (180 km2) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31% and 5% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 ∘C ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.
Infinite series of time-dependent Dyson maps
Authors: Fring Andreas , Tenney Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose and explore a scheme that leads to an infinite series of time-dependent Dyson maps which associate different Hermitian Hamiltonians to a uniquely specified time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We identify the underlying symmetries responsible for this feature respected by various Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants. The latter are used to facilitate the explicit construction of the Dyson maps and metric operators. As a concrete example for which the scheme is worked out in detail we present a two-dimensional system of oscillators that are coupled to each other in a non-Hermitian

PT

-symmetrical fashion.
Understanding how an amphicarpic species with a mixed mating system responds to fire: a population genetic approach
Authors: Meyer Elena M , Swift Joel F , Bassüner Burgund , Smith Stacy A , Menges Eric S , Oberle Brad , Edwards Christine E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmphicarpic plants produce both above-ground and below-ground seeds. Because below-ground seeds are protected in the soil and may maintain viability when above-ground conditions are stressful, they were proposed as an adaptation to recolonize a site after disturbance. However, whether below-ground seeds are the main colonizers after a disturbance remains unknown. Our goal was to understand whether recolonization by an amphicarpic species after fire was accomplished primarily through germination of seeds produced above-ground or below-ground. We investigated Polygala lewtonii, an amphicarpic, perennial species endemic to fire-prone Florida sandhill and scrub, where fire kills plants but subsequently increases recruitment and population sizes. Polygala lewtonii produces three flower types: above-ground chasmogamous flowers and above-ground and below-ground cleistogamous flowers, with previous research demonstrating chasmogamous flowers produce a much greater proportion of seeds than cleistogamous flowers. We quantified outcrossing in seeds produced by chasmogamous flowers to determine whether it differed from the 100 % self-fertilized below-ground seeds. Approximately 25 % of seeds from chasmogamous flowers showed evidence of cross-pollination. Assuming that chasmogamous flowers produce the majority of the above-ground seeds, as was shown previously, this indicates it is possible to differentiate between germination by above-ground versus below-ground seeds in post-fire colonization. We next compared genetic diversity, admixture, inbreeding and population genetic structure pre- and post-fire. If fire promoted germination of chasmogamous seeds, heterozygosity and admixture would increase, and genetic structure and inbreeding would decrease. Instead, inbreeding and genetic structure increased and admixture decreased, suggesting that the below-ground selfed seeds (with limited dispersal ability) increased their contribution to the population after fire, possibly because fire reduced above-ground seed viability. Additionally, new alleles not found previously in range-wide analyses emerged from the seed bank post-fire. These results suggest that amphicarpy is a powerful adaptation to preserve genetic variation, maintain adaptive potential and promote rapid post-fire colonization.
Epigenome signature as an immunophenotype indicator prompts durable clinical immunotherapy benefits in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Xu , Zhang Caiyu , Wang Junwei , Wang Peng , Gao Yue , Shang Shipeng , Guo Shuang , Li Xin , Zhi Hui , Ning Shangwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntertumoral immune heterogeneity is a critical reason for distinct clinical benefits of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Tumor immunophenotype (immune ‘Hot’ or ‘Cold’) suggests immunological individual differences and potential clinical treatment guidelines. However, employing epigenome signatures to determine tumor immunophenotypes and responsive treatment is not well understood. To delineate the tumor immunophenotype and immune heterogeneity, we first distinguished the immune ‘Hot’ and ‘Cold’ tumors of LUAD based on five immune expression signatures. In terms of clinical presentation, the immune ‘Hot’ tumors usually had higher immunoactivity, lower disease stages and better survival outcomes than ‘Cold’ tumors. At the epigenome levels, we observed that distinct DNA methylation patterns between immunophenotypes were closely associated with LUAD development. Hence, we identified a set of five CpG sites as the immunophenotype-related methylation signature (iPMS) for tumor immunophenotyping and further confirmed its efficiency based on a machine learning framework. Furthermore, we found iPMS and immunophenotype-related immune checkpoints (IPCPs) could contribute to the risk of tumor progression, implying IPCP has the potential to be a novel immunotherapy blockade target. After further parsing of the role of iPMS-predicted immunophenotypes, we found immune ‘Hot’ was a protective factor leading to better survival outcomes when patients received the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. And iPMS was also a well-performed signature (AUC = 0.752) for predicting the durable/nondurable clinical benefits. In summary, our study explored the role of epigenome signature in clinical tumor immunophenotyping. Utilizing iPMS to characterize tumor immunophenotypes will facilitate developing personalized epigenetic anticancer approaches.
Soil pollution by heavy metals correlates with levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile
Authors: Martín José , Barja Isabel , Rodríguez-Ruiz Gonzalo , Recio Pablo , García Luis V 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil degradation may have strong negative consequences for soil biodiversity, but these potential effects are understudied and poorly understood. Concentration of nesting seabirds may be a source of soil pollution by heavy metals, which are incorporated into the food chain and may have toxicological effects in vertebrates, especially in fossorial animals with low dispersal ability. We examined whether contamination by heavy metals, derived from seagull depositions, and other soil characteristics, may affect the levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (as a potential indicator of physiological stress) of the fossorial amphisbaenian reptile Trogonophis wiegmanni. We found a relationship between soil pollution by heavy metals and increased levels of faecal corticosterone metabolite of the amphisbaenians that live buried in those soils. This can be due to the strong endocrine disruption effect of heavy metals. In addition, there was an independent effect of the soil texture, with amphisbaenians showing higher levels of faecal corticosterone metabolite in soils with less sand and more silt and clay, which are more energetically costly to dig. Long-term exposure to high glucocorticoid levels might have serious effects on health state and fitness of fossorial animals that may be unnoticed. Our study emphasizes that, to prevent future conservation problems, we need to perform periodic surveys on the physiological health state of the little-known subterranean biodiversity.
Insights into emergency remote teaching in EFL
Authors: Can Iclal , Silman-Karanfil Leyla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has spawned many research studies. However, studies exploring EFL instructors’ emotions, in-class experiences, and relationships with their students and their colleagues during the pandemic are scarce. This mixed study captured nineteen EFL instructors’ emotions on ERT, their transformation of classroom practices, and how they related to students and colleagues during this period in North Cyprus. Data were gathered through a qualitative survey, supplemented with quantitative data from a technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) scale. Our findings revealed that the instructors gradually adapted to ERT despite the challenges that hindered their classroom practice transformation. The findings further suggest that if the instructors develop their TPACK and relatedness with their students and colleagues with the support of their institutions, teaching in a remote environment in the ‘new pedagogy’ contributes to establishing a possible way forward in EFL.
LSI guided-high power short duration is safe and improves pulmonary vein isolation efficiency
Authors: Di Cori A , Della Volpe S , Parollo M , Mazzocchetti L , Giannotti M , De Lucia R , Segreti L , Viani S , Paperini L , Canu A , Grifoni G , Cellamaro T , Soldati E , Zucchelli G , Bongiorni M G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
High-power short-duration (HPSD) is an increasingly used ablation strategy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures, but Lesion Index (LSI)-guided HPSD radio-frequency (RF) application has not been described in this clinical setting.

Purpose
We evaluated the procedural efficiency and safety of an LSI-guided HPSD strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Methods
Paroxysmal and persistent AF patients scheduled for AF ablation were prospectively enrolled and divided in two groups, according to the ablation power used. The LSI-HP Group included patients ablated with a RF power of 50 Watts and the LSI-LP Group included patients ablated with 35 Watts. All patients underwent only PVI under LSI guidance (LSI between 5.5 and 6 anteriorly; LSI between 4.5 and 5 posteriorly) with a point by point strategy and an inter-lesion distance &lt;6 mm. Procedural efficiency parameters were compared between groups.

Results
Forty-six patients with AF (60% paroxysmal) were prospectively enrolled, 25 in the LSI-HP Group and 21 in the LSI-LP Group. They were usually male (78%) with a low-intermediate CHA2DS2-Vasc score (1.8±1.1), a preserved ejection fraction (60±6%) and moderate left atrial dilatation (45±6 mm). Baseline clinical characteristics resulted comparable between groups (p=NS). PVI was successful in all patients. RF time (30.22±9.04 vs 47.85±11.87 min, p&lt;0.0001), total procedure time (138.7±33.2 vs 177.6±49.77, p=0.006) and fluoroscopy time (13.92±5.34 vs 23.14±10.97 min, p=0.006) were significantly lower in the LSI-HP Group. No complication or steam pops was seen in either group.

Conclusions
LSI-HP AF ablation significantly improves procedural efficiency, reducing ablation time, total procedural duration and fluoroscopy use, while maintaining a comparable safety profile as lower powers.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2
Performance of transcatheter pacing system use in Relation to Patient Age
Authors: Nicosia A , Iacopino S , Nigro G , Zucchelli G , Tomasi L , D'Agostino C , Ziacchi M , Piacenti M , De Filippo P , Sgarito G , Foti R , Campisi G , Pepi P , Palmisano P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Real-world safety data on the use of transcatheter pacing systems in particularly young and elderly patients is still limited.

Purpose
The aim of this analysis was to investigate the effect of age on the safety and efficacy of leadless pacemaker implant.

Methods
From May 2016 through July 2019, 577 patients were implanted with a leadless single chamber pacemaker according to current pacing indication in 15 Italian cardiologic centers. The population was divided into age quartiles for evaluation, including: 1) &lt;70 years, 2) 70–77 years, 3) 78–83 years, and 4) ≥83 years. Procedural data, complications, electrical parameters were collected at baseline and during the follow up.

Results
Procedural-related complication occurrence was very low (&lt;1.0%) and similar in the four subgroups according to age. No cardiac tamponade was reported. Among the groups, no difference was observed in procedural time, fluoroscopy time duration and electrical parameters (mean pacing impedance: 750±192 and 599±156, mean pacing threshold: 0.7±0.5 and 0.7±0.6, and mean right ventricular sensing 10.7±6.1 and 11.5±4.8 at implant and last follow up, respectively). Figure 1 showed the distribution of age in the patient population.

Conclusion
The reported data demonstrated a high degree of safety during leadless implant across all patient ages. Procedural complications and device electrical measurements were similar among the different ages.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.