bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavernous Hemangioma in the Orbital Cavity: Case Report
Authors: Almeida José Afonso de , Gellen Paula Vitória Bido , Hiramatsu Daniel Martins , Santos Mariana Araújo dos , Bitencourt Larissa , Marceliano Eduardo Fagury Videira , Galhardi Michelle Paiva Weydt , Marceliano-Alves Marília F. , Marques Eduardo Fernandes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCavernous hemangiomas are benign malformations of vascular origin, usually well circumscribed and slow to grow. These lesions can be asymptomatic, being discovered unintentionally in imaging exams or symptomatic, indicated mainly by the presence of proptosis, diplopia, and visual disturbances by optic nerve compression. The complementary exams involve computed tomography associated with contrast, color Doppler, magnetic resonance, and angiography. Treatment can be conservative or surgical depending on the case, and the open therapy usually involves lateral, supraorbital, transconjunctival, transantral, pterional, transnasal, and extradural endoscopic orbitotomy. The present study aimed to report a recurrent case of hemangioma in the orbital cavity signaled by ocular proptosis, hyperemia, and ocular pain.The lesion was achieved through the Weber-Ferguson access with zygomatic osteotomy and preservation of the infraorbital nerve. The excision of the lesion was performed, and the previously displaced fragments were fixed with 1.5 mm mini plates. The patient has a chance of progressing with visual impairment due to considerable manipulation of the optic nerve and is being followed up.The reported case showed a successful diagnosis and therapeutic conduct, remaining now in the evolution and follow-up scenario.
The Law of Minimum Vertical Dimension: Evidence for Improvement of Dental Occlusion
Authors: Silveira Silvana , Valerio Patricia , Machado Júnior Almiro J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe law of minimum vertical dimension (MVD) states that “when the mandible moves to reach the maximum intercuspal position, this always involves bringing the mandible and maxilla as close together as possible.” Therefore, after the first occlusal contact is made, the MIP will be reached through reduction of the vertical dimension. Our objective of this study, through an integrative review of the literature review, was to determine whether ignoring this law is a factor that contributes to malocclusion, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and recurrences of functional orthodontic and orthopedic treatments.We conducted a search of the literature in five of the main electronic scientific databases. The following medical subject heading terms were used in our search: centric relation, dental occlusion, malocclusion, vertical dimension, and mastication. We cross-referenced the descriptors in the following four groups: centric relation and maximum intercuspation; occlusal plane and malocclusion; neuro-occlusal rehabilitation; and vertical dimension and unilateral chewing. From this, we selected 277 potentially eligible articles. Out of these, 209 were excluded in accordance with the exclusion criteria already described. Thus, 65 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis.The articles were also classified according to their impact factor and degree of recommendation, in conformity with the table of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The scientific interest in the scope of the articles was also assessed by using three charts developed according to year and country of publication and the percentage of publication. Unilateral chewing creates a vicious cycle of damage that leads to an ever-increasing masticatory deficiency. Most of the articles chosen for this review confirmed that noncompliance with law of MVD was a predisposing factor in cases of relapse, in functional orthodontic and orthopedic treatments, as well as a causal factor in malocclusion and in functional and morphological TMJ dysfunctions.
Effect of Stress Generated by Occlusal Cyclic Force on Class I Bulk-Fill Composite Restoration Microleakage
Authors: Ritthiti Apirat , Sattabanasuk Vanthana , Karunratanakul Kavin , Senawongse Pisol 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types and restorative techniques of Class I composite restorations with a single loading force on stress distribution and cyclic loading force on microleakage formation.
Materials and Methods Class I cavities were prepared in premolars with 4 mm depth and divided into six groups of different restorations with: (1) Filtek Z250; (2) a 3-mm-thick layer of Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restoration and covered with Z250; (3) a 1.5-mm-thick layer of flowable composite and covered with Z250; (4) lining all cavity with flowable composite and restored with Z250; (5) Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restoration; and (6) lining all cavity with flowable composite and restored with bulk-fill composite. The specimens with and without cyclic occlusal loading were subjected to microleakage observation. In addition, six different models of Class I restorations corresponding to the microleakage study were generated. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to identify the stress distribution under a single loading force.
Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparison. The significance level set at 0.05.
Results Cavity lining or restoration with flowable composite underneath conventional composite reduced stress on composite resin based on FEA (groups 2 and 3). The cyclic stress on composite increased microleakage. Restoration with flowable composite underneath conventional composite reduced the microleakage in Class I restoration (groups 2, 3, and 4).
Conclusion The most effective cavity lining with a flowable composite underneath conventional composite restoration was stress reduction under loading force resulting in microleakage reduction.
A sovereignist revolution? Italy’s foreign policy under the “Yellow–Green” government
Authors: Coticchia Fabrizio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Italy, the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the Northern League (LN) formed a coalition government after the legislative elections of March 2018. What has been the actual impact of the populist executive in the Italian foreign policy? Relying on the (few) existing analyses that have developed specific hypotheses on the expected internationalrepercussions of populist parties-ruled governments, the paper examines Italy’s foreign policy under the Italian “Yellow–Green” cabinet (June 2018–August 2019). The manuscript advances three hypotheses. First, the foreign policy of the Conte’s government has been featured by a personalistic and a centralized decision-making process. Second, the Yellow-Green executive has adopted a vocal confrontational stance on the world stage, especially within multilateral frameworks, to “take back control” over national sovereignty. Third, such sovereignist foreign policy was largely symbolic because of “strategic” populist attitudes toward public opinion and due to domestic and international constraints. The manuscript—which is based on secondary and primary sources, such as interviews with former ministers, MPs, and diplomats—aims at offering a new perspective on populist parties and foreign policy, alimenting the rising debate on foreign policy change.
Systemic change and interactional motivation
Authors: Chen Jiajun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper focusses on the language-internal and -external motivations for the development of Chinese sentence-final particlebucheng. This particle, from an initial state as a negative verb string, developed into a sentence-final particle through intermediate adverbial stages, and was recruited to interpersonal functions in final position by the sixteenth century. Key motivating factors are identified for the expansion of its functional range, with particular attention to the development of the Written Vernacular in Early Modern Chinese and to interactional echoic contexts that contribute to the right-ward movement and thence the rise of the particle. Exploration of the diachronic development ofbuchengnot only expands the known inventory of morphosyntactic processes and linguistic contexts that give rise to pragmatic devices clause-finally but also yields a better understanding of the right-ward movement of lexemes towards clause-/utterance-final position.
Teaching linguistics through language construction
Authors: Köylü Yılmaz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article details how introductory linguistics courses can increase student engagement and learning through a project-based approach, whereby the students first study the subfields of linguistics with a view to complete the main project of the course, namely to construct a novel language. I provide information from a semester-long course with specific project-based activities teachers could utilize in their classes. I also thoroughly examine the constructed language projects based on 33 student submissions in an introductory linguistics course in the US. The analysis indicates a high level of engagement and creativity by the students in creating a distinct orthography, phonetic, morphological, and syntactic rules and semantic properties for their constructed languages. The results from a 20-item questionnaire and student exit interviews indicate that the project-based approach adopted in the completion of their constructed languages proved effective in (a) improving student motivation and engagement; (b) helping students apply the knowledge of the material to carry out linguistic analysis; (c) enhancing students’ language learning skills; (d) encouraging them to study additional foreign languages; and finally (e) promoting linguistic diversity. Hence, as an innovative and effective method still in its infancy, project-based learning should be more widely implemented in linguistics instruction.
APMP Key comparison report of reference air kerma rate for HDR 192Ir brachytherapy sources (BIPM KCDB: APMP.RI(I)-K8)
Authors: Ishii J , Kurosawa T , Kato M , Toroi P , Chu W-H , Yi C-Y , Kim Y H , Seong Y M , Ngcezu S A , Mainegra-Hing E , Downtonf B , Dolah M T , Budiantari C T 
Published: October 2021

Main text
The APMP/TCRI Dosimetry Working Group performed the APMP.RI(I)-K8 key comparison of the reference air kerma rate for high-dose-rate (HDR) 192Ir brachytherapy sources between 2016 and 2018. Eight laboratories, including seven national metrology institutes (NMIs), took part in the comparison. Two commercial well-type chambers were used as transfer instruments and circulated among the participants. The results showed that the maximum difference between the participants and the BIPM, evaluated using the comparison data of the linking laboratories NMIJ and NRC, was less than 4%. The degrees of equivalence for the participants were calculated, so that results for the six non-linking laboratories may be included in the Key Comparison Database (KCDB).
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Actuator placement optimization for guided waves based structural health monitoring using fibre Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Soman Rohan , Balasubramaniam Kaleeswaran , Golestani Ali , Karpiński Michał , Malinowski Pawel , Ostachowicz Wieslaw 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have a potential to reduce lifecycle costs of structures. They may be used for maintenance planning which reduces the maintenance cost as well as for lifetime extension. As a result, there is a lot of active research in the area for SHM of civil and mechanical structures. The SHM system should be low cost, suitable for continuous monitoring, able to detect small levels of damage. Guided waves (GW) based SHM techniques allow monitoring of large plate-like structures with few sensors and have been identified as the most promising of techniques for SHM. Several different actuators and sensors have been developed and used for the GW based SHM. FBG sensors due to their low weight, and ability to be multiplexed have been long thought to be an ideal sensors for SHM. The recent development of the edge filtering approach has increased their sensitivity to GW sensing and made them ideal sensors. Unfortunately the FBG sensors are passive sensors and show directional sensitivity. These operational constraints make extension of the earlier developed GW based SHM techniques for FBG sensors difficult. Recently the authors developed a technique for damage detection specifically designed for a network with FBG sensors. This paper develops a methodology for a design of an actuator-sensor (AS) network for improving the damage assessment capability using the developed method. The paper develops a two-step methodology for the optimization of actuator placement for an AS network with FBG sensors. In the first step the number of actuators needed for the optimization are determined based on actuator densities. Once the number of actuators is known, a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed for the optimization of the their positions. The cost function is developed based on two new metrics (namely coverage2—coverage with at least 2 AS pairs and coverageR—radial coverage based on edge reflections) which are defined by the application demand. The optimized placement is then used to successfully detect and localize the damage. The study also shows the merit in the use of the specific metrics and the sufficiency of the metrics developed for improving the damage detection capability of the specific method.
An N/D study of the S
11 channel πN scattering amplitude *
Authors: Li Qu-Zhi , Ma Yao , Niu Wen-Qi , Wang Yu-Fei , Zheng Han-Qing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Extensive dynamical

calculations are conducted in the study of

channel low energy

scatterings, based on various phenomenological model inputs of left cuts at the tree level. The subtleties of the singular behavior of the partial wave amplitude, at the origin of the complex

plane, are analysed in detail. Furthermore, it is found that the dispersion representation for the phase shift,

, must be modified in the case of

scatterings. An additional contribution from the dispersion integral exists, which approximately cancels the contribution of the two virtual poles located near the end points of the segment cut, induced by

channel nucleon exchanges. With limited reliance on the details of the dynamical inputs, the subthreshold resonance

survives.
Multifunctional optrode for opsin delivery, optical stimulation, and electrophysiological recordings in freely moving rats
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Jäckel Zoë , Schneider Artur , Paul Oliver , Diester Ilka , Ruther Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Optogenetics involves delivery of light-sensitive opsins to the target brain region, as well as introduction of optical and electrical devices to manipulate and record neural activity, respectively, from the targeted neural population. Combining these functionalities in a single implantable device is of great importance for a precise investigation of neural networks while minimizing tissue damage. Approach. We report on the development, characterization, and in vivo validation of a multifunctional optrode that combines a silicon-based neural probe with an integrated microfluidic channel, and an optical glass fiber in a compact assembly. The silicon probe comprises an 11-µm-wide fluidic channel and 32 recording electrodes (diameter 30 µm) on a tapered probe shank with a length, thickness, and maximum width of 7.5 mm, 50 µm, and 150 µm, respectively. The size and position of fluidic channels, electrodes, and optical fiber can be precisely tuned according to the in vivo application. Main results. With a total system weight of 0.97 g, our multifunctional optrode is suitable for chronic in vivo experiments requiring simultaneous drug delivery, optical stimulation, and neural recording. We demonstrate the utility of our device in optogenetics by injecting a viral vector carrying a ChR2-construct in the prefrontal cortex and subsequent photostimulation of the transduced neurons while recording neural activity from both the target and adjacent regions in a freely moving rat for up to 9 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, we demonstrate a pharmacological application of our device by injecting GABA antagonist bicuculline in an anesthetized rat brain and simultaneously recording the electrophysiological response. Significance. Our triple-modality device enables a single-step optogenetic surgery. In comparison to conventional multi-step surgeries, our approach achieves higher spatial specificity while minimizing tissue damage.
Trade-off between stimulation focality and the number of coils in multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Nurmi Samuel , Karttunen Jere , Souza Victor H , Ilmoniemi Risto J , Nieminen Jaakko O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Coils designed for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) must incorporate trade-offs between the required electrical power or energy, focality and depth penetration of the induced electric field (E-field), coil size, and mechanical properties of the coil, as all of them cannot be optimally met at the same time. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), a transducer consisting of several coils allows electronically targeted stimulation of the cortex without physically moving a coil. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of coils in an mTMS transducer, the focality of the induced E-field, and the extent of the cortical region within which the location and orientation of the maximum of the induced E-field can be controlled. Approach. We applied convex optimization to design planar and spherically curved mTMS transducers of different E-field focalities and analyzed their properties. We characterized the trade-off between the focality of the induced E-field and the extent of the cortical region that can be stimulated with an mTMS transducer with a given number of coils. Main results. At the expense of the E-field focality, one can, with the same number of coils, design an mTMS transducer that can control the location and orientation of the peak of the induced E-field within a wider cortical region. Significance. With E-fields of moderate focality, the problem of electronically targeted TMS becomes considerably easier compared with highly focal E-fields; this may speed up the development of mTMS and the emergence of new clinical and research applications.
Looking beyond forest cover: an analysis of landscape-scale predictors of forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Bourgoin Clément , Betbeder Julie , Le Roux Renan , Gond Valéry , Oszwald Johan , Arvor Damien , Baudry Jacques , Boussard Hugues , Le Clech Solen , Mazzei Lucas , Dessard Hélène , Läderach Peter , Reymondin Louis , Blanc Lilian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While forest degradation rates and extent exceed deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, less attention is given to the factors controlling its spatial distribution. No quantified correlation exists between changes of forest structure due to anthropogenic disturbances and dynamics of land use and cover change occurring at broader spatial levels. This study examines the influence of multi-scale landscape structure factors (i.e. spatial composition, configuration and dynamic of land use/cover) on primary forest’s aboveground biomass (AGB), spanning from low to highly degraded, in Paragominas municipality (Pará state). We used random forest models to identify the most important landscape predictors of degradation and clustering methods to analyze their distribution and interactions. We found that 58% of the variance of AGB could be explained by metrics reflecting land use practices and agricultural dynamics around primary forest patches and that their spatial patterns were not randomly distributed. Forest degradation is mainly driven by fragmentation effects resulting from old deforestation and colonization events linked with cropland expansion (e.g. soybean and maize) coupled with high accessibility to market. To a lesser extent, degradation is driven by recent and ongoing (1985–2015) deforestation and fragmentation in slash-and-burn agricultural areas, characterized by heterogeneous mosaics of pastures and fallow lands combined with high use of fire. Our findings highlight the potential of landscape-level framework and remotely sensed land cover data for a thorough understanding of the distribution of forest degradation across human-modified landscapes. Addressing these spatial determinants by looking at agricultural dynamics beyond forest cover is necessary to improve forest management which has major implications for biodiversity, carbon and other ecosystem services.
The Innate Immune Response of Eusocial Hymenopterans to Viral Pathogen Challenge
Authors: Holmes V Renee , Johnston J Spencer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, insect immunology has expanded rapidly in research interest, and available literature has expanded in kind. Insects combat pathogens through a range of behavioral and physiological immune defenses. The need for robust immunity is especially important to eusocial insects; nestmate proximity increases exposure to and transmission of pathogens. Further, eusociality involves cohabitation of thousands of individuals with characteristically reduced genetic variability, in turn increasing susceptibility to epidemic disease outbreaks. To combat this, they have developed diverse responses to pathogens, including individual innate immune defenses, social immunity, and secretion of potent glandular chemicals. The range of immune responses is as diverse as the pathogens presenting the threat, and of these, viruses may present the greatest challenge. Social immunity employed by Hymenoptera and has been reviewed whereas a review has not been developed to our knowledge addressing innate immunity of eusocial Hymenopterans to viral pathogenic invaders. We argue that such a review is important to advancement of understanding of Hymenopteran biology and is critical to applied interests. We argue further that the implications of eusocial Hymenopteran innate immunity are far-reaching; their success is a source of both substantial economic loss in the case of invasive ants and significant economic gain in the case of the honey bee Apis mellifera.