bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband Fourier-transform silicon nitride spectrometer with wide-area multiaperture input
Authors: González-Andrade David , Dinh Thi Thuy Duong , Guerber Sylvain , Vulliet Nathalie , Cremer Sébastien , Monfray Stephane , Cassan Eric , Marris-Morini Delphine , Boeuf Frédéric , Cheben Pavel , Vivien Laurent , Velasco Aitor V. , Alonso-Ramos Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Integrated microspectrometers implemented in silicon photonic chips have gathered a great interest for diverse applications such as biological analysis, environmental monitoring, and remote sensing. These applications often demand high spectral resolution, broad operational bandwidth, and large optical throughput. Spatial heterodyne Fourier-transform (SHFT) spectrometers have been proposed to overcome the limited optical throughput of dispersive and speckle-based on-chip spectrometers. However, state-of-the-art SHFT spectrometers in near-infrared achieve large optical throughput only within a narrow operational bandwidth. Here we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a broadband silicon nitride SHFT spectrometer with the largest light collecting multiaperture input (

320

×

410

µ

m

2

) ever implemented in an SHFT on-chip spectrometer. The device was fabricated using 248 nm deep-ultraviolet lithography, exhibiting over 13 dB of optical throughput improvement compared to a single-aperture device. The measured resolution varies between 29 and 49 pm within the 1260–1600 nm wavelength range.
Trends in COVID-19 cases and clinical management in Veterans Health Administration medical facilities: A national cohort study
Authors: Aboumrad Maya , Shiner Brian , Riblet Natalie , Huizenga Hugh , Neupane Nabin , Young-Xu Yinong 
Published: July 2021

Objective
We explored longitudinal trends in sociodemographic characteristics, reported symptoms, laboratory findings, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, comorbidities, and 30-day in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the United States Veterans Health Administration between 03/01/20 and 08/31/20 and followed until 09/30/20. We focused our analysis on patients that were subsequently hospitalized, and categorized them into groups based on the month of hospitalization. We summarized our findings through descriptive statistics. We used Cuzick’s Trend Test to examine any differences in the distribution of our study variables across the six months.

Results
During our study period, we identified 43,267 patients with COVID-19. A total of 8,240 patients were hospitalized, and 13.1% (N = 1,081) died within 30 days of admission. Hospitalizations increased over time, but the proportion of patients that died consistently declined from 24.8% (N = 221/890) in March to 8.0% (N = 111/1,396) in August. Patients hospitalized in March compared to August were younger on average, mostly black, urban-dwelling, febrile and dyspneic. They also had a higher frequency of baseline comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes, and were more likely to present with abnormal laboratory findings including low lymphocyte counts and elevated creatinine. Lastly, there was a decline from March to August in receipt of mechanical ventilation (31.4% to 13.1%) and hydroxychloroquine (55.3% to <1.0%), while treatment with dexamethasone (3.7% to 52.4%) and remdesivir (1.1% to 38.9%) increased.

Conclusion
Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we observed a trend towards decreased disease severity and mortality over time.
Prevalence of stroke survival in rural communities living in northern Peru
Authors: Moyano Luz M. , Montano Silvia M. , Vilchez Barreto Percy , Reto Narcisa , Larrauri Luis , Mori Nicanor , Cornejo-Olivas Mario , Guevara-Silva Erik , Urizar Fernando , Najar Enrique , Gamboa Ricardo , Azabache Cintya , Herrer Ticse Raquel , Bolivar-Herrada Lucia , Doud Alex , Martinez Peggy , Miranda J. Jaime , Zunt Joseph R. , García Hector H. ,   for the Cysticercosis Working Group for Peru
Published: July 2021

Background and purpose
Stroke is the leading cause of neurological impairment in the South American Andean region. However, the epidemiology of stroke in the region has been poorly characterized.

Methods
We conducted a staged three-phase population-based study applying a validated eight-question neurological survey in 80 rural villages in Tumbes, northern Peru, then confirmed presence or absence of stroke through a neurologist’s examination to estimate the prevalence of stroke.

Results
Our survey covered 90% of the population (22,278/24,854 individuals, mean age 30±21.28, 48.45% females), and prevalence of stroke was 7.05/1,000 inhabitants. After direct standardization to WHO’s world standard population, adjusted prevalence of stroke was 6.94/1,000 inhabitants. Participants aged ≥85 years had higher stroke prevalence (>50/1000 inhabitants) compared to other stratified ages, and some unusual cases of stroke were found among individuals aged 25–34 years. The lowest age reported for a first stroke event was 16.8 years. High blood pressure (aPR 4.2 [2.7–6.4], p>0.001), and sedentary lifestyle (aPR 1.6 [1.0–2.6], p = 0.045) were more prevalent in people with stroke.

Conclusions
The age-standardized prevalence of stroke in this rural coastal Peruvian population was slightly higher than previously reported in studies from surrounding rural South American settings, but lower than in rural African and Asian regions. The death rate from stroke was much higher than in industrialized and middle-income countries.
Amblyopia risk factors among pediatric patients in a hospital-based setting using photoscreening
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , El Moussawi Zeinab , Hoyeck Stephanie , Mehanna Carl-Joe , El Salloukh Nasrine Anais , Ismail Karine , Hnaini Mona , Boustany Rose-Mary N. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of amblyopia risk factors in children visiting the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) using automated vision screening.MethodsThis was a hospital-based screening of 1102 children aged between 2 and 6 years. Vision screening was performed using PlusoptiX S12 over 2 years (2018–2020). The need for referral to a pediatric ophthalmologist was based on the amblyopia risk factors set forth by the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Referred patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination.ResultsA total of 1102 children were screened, 63 were referred for amblyopia risk factors (5.7%); 37/63 (59%) underwent comprehensive eye examination and 73% were prescribed glasses. Of the non-referred group of children, 6.35% had astigmatism, 6.25% were hyperopic and 3.27% were myopic. The refractive errors observed among the examined patients were distributed as follows: 41% astigmatism, 51% hyperopia, and 8% myopia; amblyopia was not detected. Refractive amblyopia risk factors were associated with the presence of systemic disorders. Bland-Altman plots showed most of the differences to be within limits of agreement.ConclusionUsing an automated vision screener in a hospital-based cohort of children aged 2 to 6 years, the rate of refractive amblyopia risk factors was 5.7%. Hyperopia was the most commonly encountered refractive error and children with systemic disorders were at higher risk.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis is higher among young Swiss men with a lower socioeconomic status: Evidence from a cohort study
Authors: Marmet Simon , Wicki Matthias , Gmel Gerhard , Gachoud Céline , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Bertholet Nicolas , Studer Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe present study aimed to investigate whether the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis varied with regards to young Swiss men’s pre-crisis level of education and socioeconomic status and to changes in their work situation due to it.MethodsA cohort of 2345 young Swiss men (from 21 out of 26 Swiss cantons; mean age = 29) completed survey-based assessments shortly before (April 2019 to February 2020) and early on during the COVID-19 crisis (May to June 2020). Outcomes measured were psychological outcomes before and during the COVID-19 crisis (depression, perceived stress and sleep quality), and the fear, isolation and psychological trauma induced by it. We investigated associations between these outcomes and their predictors: pre-crisis socioeconomic status (relative financial status, difficulty paying bills, level of education), changes in work situation during the crisis (job loss, partial unemployment, working from home, change in workload) and working in contact with potentially infected people, both inside and outside the healthcare sector. For outcomes measured before and during the crisis, the analyses were adjusted for their pre-crisis levels.ResultsAbout 21% of participants changed their employment status (job loss, partial unemployment or lost money if self-employed) and more than 40% worked predominantly from home during the COVID-19 crisis. Participants with a lower relative socioeconomic status already before the crisis experienced a higher psychological impact due to the COVID-19 crisis, compared to participants with an average socioeconomic status (major depression (b = 0.12 [0.03, 0.22]), perceived stress (b = 0.15 [0.05, 0.25]), psychological trauma (b = 0.15 [0.04, 0.26]), fear (b = 0.20 [0.10, 0.30]) and isolation (b = 0.19 [0.08, 0.29])). A higher impact was also felt by participants who lost their job due to the COVID-19 crisis, the partially unemployed, those with an increased workload or those who worked mainly from home (e.g. depression b = 0.25 [0.16, 0.34] for those working 90%+ at home, compared to those not working at home).ConclusionsEven in a country like Switzerland, with relatively high social security benefits and universal healthcare, the COVID-19 crisis had a considerable psychological impact, especially among those with a lower socioeconomic status and those who experienced deteriorations in their work situation due to the COVID-19 crisis. Supporting these populations during the crisis may help to prevent an amplification of inequalities in mental health and social status. Such support could help to lower the overall impact of the crisis on the mental well-being of Switzerland’s population.
Financial burdens of HIV and chronic disease on people living with HIV in Côte d’Ivoire: A cross-sectional out-of-pocket expenditure study
Authors: Stelmach Rachel D. , Rabkin Miriam , Abo Kouame , Ahoba Irma , Gildas Anago Mahena , Boccanera Rodrigo , Brou Hermann , Flueckiger Rebecca , Hartsough Kieran , Msukwa Martin , Zech Jennifer , Young Felicity , Nugent Rachel 
Published: July 2021

Background
Although people living with HIV in Côte d’Ivoire receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) at no cost, other out-of-pocket (OOP) spending related to health can still create a barrier to care.

Methods
A convenience sample of 400 adults living with HIV for at least 1 year in Côte d’Ivoire completed a survey on their health spending for HIV and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In addition to descriptive statistics, we performed simple linear regression analyses with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals.

Findings
365 participants (91%) reported OOP spending for HIV care, with a median of $16/year (IQR 5–48). 34% of participants reported direct costs with a median of $2/year (IQR 1–41). No participants reported user fees for HIV services. 87% of participants reported indirect costs, with a median of $17/year (IQR 7–41). 102 participants (26%) reported at least 1 NCD. Of these, 80 (78%) reported OOP spending for NCD care, with a median of $50/year (IQR 6–107). 76 participants (95%) with both HIV and NCDs reported direct costs, and 48% reported paying user fees for NCD services. Participants had missed a median of 2 HIV appointments in the past year (IQR 2–3). Higher OOP costs were not associated with the number of HIV appointments missed. 21% of participants reported spending over 10% of household income on HIV and/or NCD care.

Discussion and conclusions
Despite the availability of free ART, most participants reported OOP spending. OOP costs were much higher for participants with co-morbid NCDs.
Australian bus drivers’ modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study
Authors: Brodie Alison , Pavey Toby , Newton Cameron , Sendall Marguerite C. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Little is known about workplace health promotion for bus drivers. Bus drivers are at-risk of chronic disease because they are exposed to the risk factor combination of poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary time and are often overweight or obese. The purpose of this paper is to situate the quantitative baseline data collected from bus drivers within qualitative findings about the socio-cultural context of the workplace.

Materials and methods
Baseline data about physical activity, dietary intake and sedentary hours was collected from 58 drivers employed by a large bus company in southeast Queensland. Ten drivers and seven key workplace informants participated in interviews and discussion groups about driver health behaviours, workplace structure, culture, and resources.

Results
The quantitative results of our study reveal bus drivers have a cluster of poor health behaviours—limited physical activity, lower than recommended consumption of fruit and vegetables and high levels of sitting time during working-hours—which contribute to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity and a heightened risk of chronic disease. The qualitative findings suggest there are individual and structural barriers to improving drivers’ modifiable health behaviours. Individual barriers include ingrained poor habits and more pressing life concerns, while structural barriers in the context of the workplace include time constraints, shift work, long days, a lack of work amenities and a general disconnect of drivers with their workplace.

Conclusion
In this workplace, health promotion strategies for bus drivers should be prioritised as a means of improving drivers’ health. To maximise uptake and effectiveness, these strategies should make use of existing workplace resources and consider the context of workplace health behaviour change. Further research is warranted in a broader sample of Australian bus companies to explore the context of workplace health behavior change so targeted strategies to improve bus drivers’ health can be developed.
Food insecurity and mental health of women during COVID-19: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Rahman Tabassum , Hasnain M. D. Golam , Islam Asad 
Published: July 2021

Background
This study examines the association between food insecurity and mental health of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a resource poor setting.

Materials and methods
Data were collected at two time-points (wave 1 and 2) from 2402 women, one per household, participating in a larger study during extended COVID-19 lockdown in the rural areas of the southwest region of Bangladesh. The primary outcome of the analyses is the association between food insecurity, measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and stress level, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), for women during the lockdown. General awareness about COVID-19 and attitude towards prescribed preventive measures were also measured since COVID-19 health concerns could exacerbate food insecurity.

Results
An individual-level evaluation of the effect of wave 2 FIES score on PSS score showed that worsening of the food security status increasing the stress level of the participants (95% CI: 1.61; 2.13; p-value: <0.001). Additionally, a significant negative association was observed between the PSS score and change in food security status between the two waves (Coefficient: -1.15, 95% CI: -1.30; -0.99, p-value: <0.001), indicating that deterioration in food security status over the pandemic period increasing the stress level. At the village level, the results showed a similar pattern. General awareness around ways coronavirus spreads was high, yet there were misperceptions at a higher level. Maintaining hand hygiene, wearing face masks outside the home, and going outside only when necessary were widely practised. Fewer respondents could maintain a 1.5-metre distance from others in the outside and maintained cough and sneeze etiquette.

Conclusion
The results indicate a higher stress level, a potential contributor to poor mental health, as food insecurity deteriorated. Policy initiatives in ameliorating immediate food insecurity during crises, improving long-term wellbeing, and expanding the reach of mental health support are warranted.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of community pharmacists regarding COVID-19: A paper-based survey in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Dinh Dai Xuan , Nguyen Van Minh 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To survey the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Vietnamese pharmacists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
This cross-sectional, paper-based study was conducted from June to August 2020. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84) was used to interview 1,023 pharmacists in nine provinces of Vietnam. Analysis of covariance was employed to identify factors associated with the knowledge of pharmacists. The best model was chosen by using the Bayesian Model Averaging method in R software version 4.0.4.

Results
The mean knowledge score was 12.02 ± 1.64 (range: 6–15), which indicated that 93.4% of pharmacists had good knowledge of COVID-19. There was no difference in the average score between males and females (p > 0.05). The multivariate linear regression model revealed that the knowledge was significantly associated with pharmacists’ age, education level, and residence (p < 0.001). About attitude and practices, pharmacists daily sought and updated information on the COVID-19 pandemic through mass media and the internet (social network and online newspapers). Nearly 48% of them conceded that they communicated with customers when at least one person did not wear a face mask at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. At medicine outlets, many measures were applied to protect pharmacists and customers, such as equipping pharmacists with face masks and hand sanitizers (95.0%), using glass shields (83.0%), and maintaining at least one-meter distance between two people (85.2%).

Conclusion
The pharmacists’ knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, and prevention was good. Many useful measures against the spread of this perilous virus were applied in medicine outlets. However, pharmacists should restrict forgetting to wear face masks in communication with medicine purchasers. The government and health agencies should have practical remedies to reduce the significant differences in the COVID-19 knowledge of pharmacists among provinces and education-level groups.
Reproducibility challenges in the search for antibacterial compounds from nature
Authors: Masota Nelson E. , Vogg Gerd , Ohlsen Knut , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundReproducibility of reported antibacterial activities of plant extracts has long remained questionable. Although plant-related factors should be well considered in serious pharmacognostic research, they are often not addressed in many research papers. Here we highlight the challenges in reproducing antibacterial activities of plant extracts.MethodsPlants with reported antibacterial activities of interest were obtained from a literature review. Antibacterial activities againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewere tested using extracts’ solutions in 10% DMSO and acetone. Compositions of working solutions from both solvents were established using LC-MS analysis. Moreover, the availability of details likely to affect reproducibility was evaluated in articles which reported antibacterial activities of studied plants.ResultsInhibition of bacterial growth at MIC of 256–1024 μg/mL was observed in only 15.4% of identical plant species. These values were 4–16-fold higher than those reported earlier. Further, 18.2% of related plant species had MICs of 128–256 μg/mL. Besides, 29.2% and 95.8% of the extracts were soluble to sparingly soluble in 10% DMSO and acetone, respectively. Extracts’ solutions in both solvents showed similar qualitative compositions, with differing quantities of corresponding phytochemicals. Details regarding seasons and growth state at collection were missing in 65% and 95% of evaluated articles, respectively. Likewise, solvents used to dissolve the extracts were lacking in 30% of the articles, whereas 40% of them used unidentified bacterial isolates.ConclusionReproducibility of previously reported activities from plants’ extracts is a multi-factorial aspect. Thus, collective approaches are necessary in addressing the highlighted challenges.
Die Bahnhofsmission als Ander-Ort
Authors: Roser Traugott 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the field of Practical Theology, the article locates the issue of ›Bahnhofsmission‹ both in terms of diaconia theory as well as poimenics and ecclesiology. The central question is if and to what extent ›Bahnhofsmission‹ can also be regarded as a local church in a theological sense, even if the staff and the clientele do not see themselves as church members. For this purpose, Michel Foucault's concept of heterotopias is referred to and railway stations are described as socially functionalised places that are transformed by church presence.
RANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR SISTEM INFORMASI LOGISTIK BERBASIS CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS DENGAN TEKNOLOGI BIG DATA DAN INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Ma'arif Muhammad Rifqi , Saputra Andika Bayu 
Published: July 2021

Era Industri 4.0 sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi informasi khususnya teknologi big data dan internet of things. Dua teknologi tersebut membangun sebuah paradigma baru yang disebut dengan Cyber-Physical System (CPS). CPS didefinsikan sebagai interkoneksi antara lingkungan fisik dengan program komputer melalui teknologi sensor/ IoT. Penerapan CPS di berbagai bidang bisnis/ industri akan semakin memperkuat nilai bisnis yang ditawarkan kepada customer. Salah satu bidang industri yang akan mengalami peningkatan signifikan dengan penerapan CPS adalah bidang logistik. Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Logistik dengan pengimplementasian konsep CPS akan memberikan nilai tambah bagi sektor logistik secara keseluruhan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, diperlukan sebuah studi konspetual bagaimana teknologi big data dan internet of things dapat diimplementasikan dalam sistem logistik. Sehingga, dalam penelitian ini, akan dikembangkan suatu rancangan arsitektur Sistem Informasi Logistik berbasis teknologi big data dan IoT untuk mendukung penerapan CPS dalam bidang logistik. AbstractThe era of Industry 4.0 is strongly influenced by information technology developments, especially big data technology and the internet of things. The two technologies build a new paradigm called Cyber-Physical System (CPS). CPS is defined as the interconnection between the physical environment and computer programs through sensor / IoT technology. The application of CPS in various business / industry fields will further strengthen the business value offered to customers. One of the industrial fields that will experience a significant increase with CPS's application is the field of logistics. The development of the Logistics Information System by implementing the CPS concept will provide added value to the Logistics sector as a whole. To make this happen, we need a conceptual study of how big data technology and the internet of things can be implemented in the logistics system. Therefore, in this study, a Logistics Information System architecture design will be developed based on big data and IoT technology to support CPS's application in logistics.Keywords: Logistic Information Systems; Cyber-Physical System; big data; internet of things