bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing Laws and the Inference Problem
Authors: Ioannidis Stavros , Livanios Vassilis , Psillos Stathis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
How do non-Humean laws govern regularities in nature? According to the Inference Problem, non-Humean accounts of governing face a central problem: it is not clear how such laws do perform their governing function. Recently, Jonathan Schaffer has argued that the introduction of a law-to-regularity axiom is sufficient to solve the Inference Problem. The authors argue that Schaffer’s solution faces a devastating dilemma: either the required axiom cannot, on its own, differentiate the non-Humean account from a Humean account of laws or, if more content is added to the primitive governing posit, it should be shown how and why the ‘outfitted’ posit obtains in the world. Furthermore, the authors show that those cases that Schaffer presents to motivate his approach are not analogous to the case of lawhood and so they cannot provide justification for his axiomatic solution.
“Revenir à Beckett”
Authors: Françon Alain , Protin Matthieu 
Published: October 2021

Résumé
Dans cet entretien, Alain Françon développe les raisons qui l’ ont conduit à travailler sur les pièces de Samuel Beckett, et, en particulier, sur Fin de partie. Il insiste en particulier sur la découverte qu’ a constitué pour lui l’ existence des différentes versions des pièces et des carnets de mise en scène, ce qui a radicalement changé sa perception des pièces et de l’ auteur. Il évoque également ses modalités de création, et compare Edward Bond et Beckett.
Revision of the Neotropical genus Sturmiodexia Townsend, 1919 (Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new synonymy and combinations
Authors: de Santis Marcelo Domingos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The monotypic genus Sturmiodexia Townsend, 1919 is a poorly known Neotropical taxon. Herein a new generic synonymy is proposed for this genus: Platyrrhinodexia Townsend, 1927 syn. nov. Two new combinations are assigned for Sturmiodexia: S. moyobambensis (Townsend, 1929) comb nov. and S. punctulata (Townsend, 1927) comb nov. Redescriptions were done for S. punctulata, S. rubescens Townsend 1919 and S. muscaria (Walker 1853). With these new propositions, Sturmiodexia is left with four species. In addition, the male and female terminalia, and the first instar larva, are described and illustrated for the first time for S. punctulata. Finally, a diagnose for Sturmiodexia and a key to all species is given.
Hybride Temporalitäten
Authors: Frick Julia , Grütter Oliver 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When the astronomical clock of the Strasbourg Cathedral was inaugurated in 1574, Nicodemus Frischlin, humanist and professor of poetics in Tübingen, responded to this monumental, ‘time-defining event’ with a didactic poem – in Latin, and profoundly informed by the great models of Classical Antiquity – in which he embedded the stages of human life in an encompassing horizon of both secular and religious temporality. With his ‘carmen’, Frischlin aimed to complement the ambitious technological construction with an equally ambitious literary account, gradually tracing the building’s multiple and hybrid conceptions and semantics of ‘time’ in versified description. This article examines how Frischlin’s didactic poetry organizes knowledge of anthropological, historical, and eschatological times; moreover, illuminating the motifs of the moon disc, the ‘Lebensalterautomat’, and the mechanical figure of Death, it sheds light on the emulating adaptation of Classical tradition (Lucretius; Ovid). Frischlin portrays the Strasbourg clock as a technological masterpiece without equal in Classical Antiquity.
The Origins of Psyche
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper follows the ongoing discussion with philosopher and psychoanalyst Jon Mills (2020) regarding the nature, origin, and essence of the archetype and psyche, in which my approach that incorporates key features of the philosophy of mind is being compared and contrasted with Mills’ onto-phenomenal approach. Both Mills and I come at this question from very different backgrounds, making interdisciplinary work challenging but rewarding. In this paper I will attempt to start from Mills’ foundational position to bridge the two frameworks together.
Italo-Albanian: Balkan Inheritance and Romance Influence
Authors: Breu Walter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter deals with contact-induced change in Italo-Albanian and its effects on the Balkan inheritance of this minority language. The introduction is dedicated to the general characteristics of Albanian and its varieties from a historical, dialectological and geographic perspective, followed by a section on the historical and present situation of the Italo-Albanians. While Section 3 discusses the role of Balkanisms in Standard Albanian, Section 4 gives a general overview of the fate of these Sprachbund criteria in Italo-Albanian. In Section 5, contact-induced changes in the verb systems in single Italo-Albanian dialects are investigated, with special regard to the changes in the future tense, in the analytical perfect and verbal aspect, followed by a discussion of the innovative causative construction and other periphrases. Finally, changes in the domains of mood and voice in the Italo-Albanian dialects are described, most of them of recent date and, in part, not accepted by conservative speakers. All contact-induced developments in the minority language, as well as those parts of its grammar that have resisted foreign influence, are contrasted with their Standard-Albanian counterparts. As will be shown, many traditional Balkan features have been weakened or lost, whereas others have even expanded, but always in the direction of Romance models, to which Italo-Albanian functionally has adapted or which it has calqued.
The Negative Imperative in Southern Calabria. Spirito Greco, Materia Romanza Again?
Authors: Ledgeway Adam , Schifano Norma , Silvestri Giuseppina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate a special case of suppletion in the paradigm of the negative imperative in some dialects of southern Calabria. First, we show how these paradigms involve the extension of an original infinitival desinence to a present indicative verb, giving rise to a hybrid imperatival form (Section 2). Second, we claim that this pattern of suppletion does not represent a Romance-internal development but, rather, the outcome of contact-induced change and, in particular, the influence of the local Greek sub-/adstrate (Section 3). Furthermore, we show that these hybrid patterns also provide significant evidence for the formal morphosyntactic equivalence between competing Greek finite and Romance non-finite forms of subordination, a typical Balkanism (Section 4). Finally, we demonstrate that the extension of the Romance infinitival desinence according to an underlying Greek model yields in synchrony an alternation between a suppletive positive imperative and a true negative imperative, a typologically very rare formal opposition (Section 5).
From Nasser to al-Sīsī
Authors: Giladi Elad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
After the events of June 30 and July 3, 2013, that brought the Muslim Brotherhood rule to an end, Egyptian President ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Sīsī has been carried aloft on waves of adulation of most of the Egyptian people. This phenomenon was reflected in popular expressions and in the Egyptian media, and any criticism of it was minimal. Interestingly, it was the portrayal of al-Sīsī in a children’s magazine, Samīr (February 1, 2014), that generated vocal public debate on issues of the exposure of children to political content and their indoctrination. This article examines why this case provoked such harsh criticism even though political content and indoctrination in children’s magazines are not a new phenomenon in Egypt but rather a continuation of past traditions, and discusses what insights can be gleaned from the affair with regard to Egyptian society today.
The effect of drainage height on plant-species composition on a semi-arid green roof system
Authors: Agra Har'el , Shalom Hadar , Bawab Omar , Kadas Gyongyver J. , Blaustein Leon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Green roofs are expected to contribute to higher biodiversity in urban surroundings. Typically, green roofs have been designed with low plant diversity. However, plant diversity can be enhanced by controlling resource availability and creating distinct niches. Here we hypothesize that by using different drainage heights during the short plant-growing season in a semi-arid green roof system we can create distinct niches and plant communities. Our experiment took place at the University of Haifa, north Israel. We tested three different heights of drainage outlet: 10 cm under the surface of the substrate (Low), 1 cm under the surface of the substrate (Medium) and 3 cm above the surface of the substrate (High) on plant species-composition in green-roof gardens. Grasses cover was higher in High and Medium drainages while forbs cover was higher in Low drainage. Species richness was the highest in Low drainage while diversity indices showed the opposite trend. We conclude that by changing the height of the drainage we can create different niches and change species composition in a short time period of one growing season. This way we can create more diverse green roof communities and enhance biodiversity in urban areas, particularly in semi-arid regions.
Mubālaghah Menurut Perspektif al-ʿAlawi: Kajian Terhadap Elemen Mubālaghah dalam Hadith Berkaitan Syurga
Authors: Hussin Mohamad , Jamaludin Mohd Hafiz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The depiction of heaven as a supernatural thing that is hard for human beings to perceive is understandably difficult. Thus, the person who delivers divine messages about it to the masses requires a high level of language ability and delivery skills in order to be able to convince the audience. This study aims to examine the style of language in the hadiths containing descriptions of heaven from the perspective of mubālaghah. The research objectives are achieved through content analysis through which, hadiths related to description of heaven in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim are probed and the elements of mubālaghah in them are identified and analyzed. The mubālaghah approach by al-ʿAlawi is used as a theoretical basis in identifying and analyzing the elements of mubālaghah. The findings show that Rasulullah SAW decribed the inhabitants, the nature of heaven and the blessings provided to its inhabitants by using various mubālaghah approaches such as applying the elements of bayan, repeating sentences with the same meaning and completing sentences with hyperbole. Objects used as symbols were chosen from the socio-cultural environment of the society at that time such as the moon, stars, musk, horses, gems and significant rivers such as the Nile, Saihān and Jaihān. The most prominent characteristic is that his words are rich in elements of balaghah and delivered effectively to strengthen the audience’s understanding of the theme, which subsequently leads to acceptance and belief.
حُقوقُ الوالدين في ضوء القرآن والإِنْجيل: دِراسَة مُقارَنَة
Authors: Al-Miʾani Yousef Mohammad , Al-Haj Thabet Abu , Abdullah Mustafā 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The issue of parental rights is an important issue that must be known and applied by sons and daughters in all religions. Therefore, this study aims to study these rights as stated in the Holy Qurʾan and compares them with what is mentioned in the Bible. These rights are fully taken into account by the needs of mankind in this era, especially with the prevalence of parental disobedience in many societies. This study showed, by comparing the holy Qurʾan and the Bible concerning the rights of parents, that the rights mentioned in the Qurʾan are two times as large as what is in the Bible, and the number of verses in the Holy Qurʾan is ten times more than those in the Bible. Moreover, by comparing the texts of the Holy Qurʾan and the Bible’s, the holy Qurʾan’s verses are so accurate in mentioning and describing the rights of parents, which made it the most comprehensive in emphasizing these rights, for example mentioning the rights of charity, service, praying for them, obeying them, and being grateful. On the other hand, the Bible does not state the rights of obedience, calling to Allah’s religion, being grateful, and honoring them.
Kredibiliti dan Pengaruh Faridah binti Mat Saman Terhadap Institusi Tarannum di Negeri Kelantan Credibility and Influence of Faridah binti Mat Saman on Tarannum Institution in Kelantan
Authors: Safie Shafiza , bin Mohd Yusof Mohd Yakub Zulkifli , Ahmad Khadher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Faridah Binti Mat Saman is a prominent figure among Quranic reciters in Malaysia and has won the competition of Quran recitation whether in national or international level for eight times. She has also been able to positively influence the Quranic institutions all over Kelantan and further embed her salutary impact towards the development of Tarannum studies in Malaysia starting from the year 1948 until 2018. This study is a qualitative research design using data collection methods through interviews, document analysis and declaration from Faridah Binti Mat Saman. The results show that the credibility of Faridah Binti Mat Saman has inspired Kelantan institutions through her morale, knowledge, expertise and skills which has resulted to favourable outcomes towards the institutions and the growth of Quranic tarannum studies in the state and Malaysia in general.
Anatomical and blue intensity methods to determine wood density converge in contributing to explain different distributions of three palaeotropical pine species
Authors: Ho Le T. , Thomas Frank M. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Wood density constitutes an integrative trait of water relations and growth. We compared the recently developed blue intensity (BI) method, which has only rarely been applied to tropical conifers, for determining wood density with anatomical analyses in studying the three rarely investigated palaeotropical pine species Pinus kesiya, P. dalatensis and P. krempfii, which co-occur in South-Central Vietnam, but differ in their distribution areas. For species comparisons, we also calculated the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity () based on the anatomical analyses. We hypothesized (i) that the BI values are correlated with the cell wall fractions, the calculated hydraulic conductivity and the values; and (ii) that the wider occurrence of P. kesiya, which also can grow at drier sites, is reflected by higher wood density, lower hydraulic conductivity, lower (more negative) values and a smaller variation in the wood anatomical features across the years compared to the other two species. In agreement to our hypotheses, the results of the BI and the anatomical method were closely correlated, especially for sapwood, and P. kesiya exhibited features that are related to the growth at drier sites and to a higher tolerance towards drought: higher wood density and cell wall:lumen area ratios of its smaller xylem conduits, lower calculated hydraulic conductivity and more negative values. The BI method is well suitable for determining the wood density in tropical conifers. As a fast and inexpensive method, it may be used for initial screening woody species for their water transport capacity and drought resistance.
Japan Meets Holland
Authors: Dixon Laurinda S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
George Hendrik Breitner (1857–1923) was a Dutch Realist artist, whose works chronicle urban life in Amsterdam. But his paintings of a young woman, collapsed on a divan and wrapped in a luxuriant kimono, secured his reputation as an exponent of European Japonisme. The so-called ‘Kimono Girls’, completed between 1893 and 1896, are compelling evocations of female leisure, subsumed within an exotic melange of vivid color and pattern. More importantly, they are an amalgamation of several cultural contexts that characterized the volatile nineteenth century. European Japonisme, the revival of Dutch painterly traditions, medical dogma, and the beginnings of organized feminism come together in these works, making them both compelling and subversive.
Re ‘constructing’ Informality
Authors: Shahid Amal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the latter half of the 19th century the Indian subcontinent was wrought with frequent famines. The colonial state provided relief to the affected population through employment on public works such as roads, canals and railways, in addition to charitable relief. Discussing working conditions, wages, and recruitment, this paper argues that famine labour was characterized by informality under a state regulated employment system, and explores how informality can be conceptualized in a historical context. Coinage of and the distinction between the terms formal and informal is fairly recent, being defined by degrees of state regulation and precarity. This paper, through the case of famine construction workers, offers evidence of practice and adds to the corpus of literature that challenges the distinction between the two terms. Therefore, the paper holds implications for current discussions on interpenetrations between formal and informal economies in the global south.
Decent Work for Domestic Workers in Argentina
Authors: Poblete Lorena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Informality characterized domestic work in Argentina. Only 24% of domestic workers are formal workers. Therefore, informality became the target for transforming domestic work into “decent work,” following the International Labor Organization’s agenda. Looking at three different state institutions participating in this transformation—the Argentine Congress, National Tax Agency and Domestic Work Tribunal, this article seeks to understand how the notion of informality and the conceptualization of this particular labor relationship condition institutional responses. Thus, the article shows that in order to expand domestic workers’ rights, the three institutions focus on one particular working-time arrangement: full-time work. As a result, domestic workers working a few hours per week for several employers do not access the same protections, and are only marginally included within the scope of the law. For them, decent work seems to be unattainable.
Multi-Level Marketing as “Gig” Work: Worker Motivations, Characteristics, and Outcomes in the U.S.
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Bosley Stacie , Shadel Doug 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Multi-level marketing (mlm) firms offer recruits the opportunity to earn compensation through starting their own direct selling business and often characterize mlm work as part of the “gig” economy. mlm promotes flexibility, autonomy, and income potential but data suggest that most participants fail to make money. Decisions are made under uncertainty as there is asymmetric information on potential outcomes and their respective likelihood. We use the first nationally representative survey (N = 1016) to understand the motivations for participating in mlm “gigs,” the social and financial outcomes of participation, and the correlates of those outcomes. While approximately three-fourths of mlm workers report that they joined for financial returns, a similar share reported that they did not earn any profit. Results identify a mismatch between expectations and outcomes and underscore decision biases in the context of uncertain financial rewards alongside broader gig economy regulatory concerns.
Pax Americana: Palestine and the Middle East in the Trump Era
Authors: Raheb Mitri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Peace between Israel and the Arab world appears to be progressing like never before. It started with the UAE, followed by Bahrain and Morocco, and then with Sudan. A “new” Middle East is finally becoming a reality. Yet, on the other hand, the colonization of Palestinian land is progressing at full speed ever since President Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moved the American Embassy there. During both the Embassy move and the so-called Abraham Accords with Arab countries and throughout the Trump era, biblical language has been employed. This paper will examine these political developments and biblical connotations. At the heart of the issue lies the question of what constitutes real peace. This paper argues that ‘the deal of the century’ was a form of Pax Romana rather than Pax Christi.
Prayer According to Kierkegaard
Authors: Chrétien Jean-Louis , Pietrogrande Filippo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article first appeared in 1997, Jean-Louis Chrétien examines the meaning of prayer in Kierkegaard’s writings and existence. By focusing on the difficulties of this task and with meticulous attention to the vast work of the Danish philosopher, Chrétien describes prayer as a tense and agonistic experience, akin to the evangelical struggle between Jacob and the angel. Just like in his well-known phenomenological analysis, “The Wounded Word: Phenomenology of Prayer”, the author identifies in prayer a paradoxical articulation of struggle and peace, gift and endeavour, speaking and listening, through which the human being is profoundly transformed and finally learns to truly say “thank you”.
Zen Buddhism and the Phenomenology of Mysticism
Authors: Bailey Dylan S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I use a comparative analysis of mysticism in Zen and the Abrahamic faiths to formulate a phenomenological account of mysticism “as such.” I argue that, while Zen Buddhism is distinct from other forms of mystical experience in important ways, it can still be fit into a general phenomenological category of mystical experience. First, I explicate the phenomenological accounts of mysticism provided by Anthony Steinbock and Angela Bello. Second, I offer an account of Zen mysticism which both coheres with and problematizes these accounts, arguing that Zen demonstrates the inadequacy of these accounts as descriptions of mysticism as a universal religious category. Lastly, I use this investigation to propose that Zen mysticism does generally cohere with the mystical experiences of other religions, but only if we devise a new formula for speaking phenomenologically about mystical experience as such which captures this phenomenon in all of its manifestations.
A Phenomenology of Utterance and Prophetic Teaching in the Threshold
Authors: Burton Adi , Rocha Samuel D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this essay, the authors explore the phenomenon of utterance we find in speech and teaching. Jean-Luc Marion’s third phenomenological reduction serves as a methodological foundation for this exploration which moves through Biblical literature and autobiography – both centred on the story of the election of Samuel – before leading into a meditation on the Call of and Response to the Other. The Call and Response guide the essay to a theory of prophetic teaching emerging within its phenomenology of utterance that situates itself between philosophical anthropology and philosophical theology, and between Jewish and Catholic traditions.