bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial human prostate cancer xenograft growth and response to ionizing radiation by plasma Alu and LINE‐1 ctDNA: A comparison to standard methods
Authors: Mishra Alok , Zennami Kenji , Velarde Esteban , Thorek Daniel L. J. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , DeWeese Theodore L. , Lupold Shawn E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent preclinical models of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) require sophisticated technologies and/or genetically engineered cells for the noninvasive monitoring of tumors in remote sites, such as bone. Recent developments in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis provide an alternative method for noninvasive tumor monitoring at a low cost. Here, we sought to evaluate human Alu and LINE‐1 ctDNA for the longitudinal measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial human PCa xenograft growth and response to ionizing radiation (IR) through comparison with standard slide caliper and bioluminescence measurements.Material and MethodsIntratibial and subcutaneous xenografts were established in male athymic nude mice using LNCaP cells that stably express firefly luciferase. A subset of tumors was treated with a single dose of IR (CT‐guided focal IR, 6 Gy). Tumor measurements were simultaneously taken by slide caliper (subcutaneous only), in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) of human‐specific Alu and LINE‐1 ctDNA for several weeks.ResultsLevels of ctDNA and bioluminescence increased concordantly with subcutaneous and intratibial tumor growth. A statistically significant correlation (Spearman) was observed between ctDNA and subcutaneous tumor volume (LINE‐1, r = .94 and Alu, r = .95, p < .0001), ctDNA and bioluminescence (LINE‐1, r = .66 and Alu, r = .60, p < .002), and bioluminescence and tumor volume (r = .66, p = .0003). Bioluminescence and ctDNA were also significantly correlated in intratibial tumors (LINE‐1, r = .82 and Alu, r = .81, p < .0001). Following external beam IR, the tumor responses varied briefly by method of measurement, but followed a similar trend. Statistically significant correlations were maintained between ctDNA and slide caliper measurement in irradiated subcutaneous tumors (LINE‐1, r = .64 and Alu, r = .44, p < .02), and ctDNA and bioluminescence in intratibial tumors (LINE‐1, r = .55, p = .018).ConclusionsReal‐time qPCR of circulating human Alu and LINE‐1 DNA provides an accurate measurement of subcutaneous and intratibial xenograft burden that is comparable with conventional bioluminescence imaging and slide caliper measurement. Transient differences in measurements were observed following tumor‐targeted IR, but overall all measurements mirrored tumor growth and response.
Overview and future research needs for development of effective biocontrol strategies for management of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Heve William K , Adjadeh Thomas A , Billah Maxwell K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfestation of fruits by native and invasive fruit flies causes significant economic losses. In most cases, incidence of ‘regulated’ dangerous fruit flies in orchards results in restrictions on export of fruits from such places to international markets. Unfortunately, use of insecticides applied on foliage and fruits does not kill the fruit‐to‐soil stages of fruit flies. However, diverse biological control agents (BCAs) do so. Thus, prevalence of native and invasive fruit flies in orchards will require that a combination of BCAs is included in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In the case of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and other economically important fruit flies found in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), use of classical biocontrol approach involves concomitant releases of two exotic parasitoids (Fopius arisanus Sonan and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead). These non‐native wasps may have complemented the indigenous parasitoids in combination with application of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and conservation of predatory ants (Oecophylla longinoda Latreille, with O. smaragdina) in fruit fly IPM plans. Consequently, some levels of decline in fruit infestation have been observed. Although interspecific interactions between BCAs against several insect pests have produced varying results, including threatening the survival of other BCAs, the prevalence of B. dorsalis in orchards across SSA requires further research to investigate effects of coalescing biocontrol approaches in IPM strategies. Therefore, future research into combining parasitoids, EPFs and entomopathogenic nematodes, in addition to conservation of predatory ants (O. longinoda, O. smaragdina and others) in IPM plans may improve the effectiveness of currently used strategies for the management of fruit‐infesting tephritids. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The modified control charts for monitoring the shape parameter of weighted power function distribution under classical estimator
Authors: Jabeen Riffat , Zaka Azam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZaka et al provided a new distribution called the Weighted Power function distribution (WPFD), which has application in reliability engineering and survival analysis. They used different estimation methods to estimate the unknown parameters of WPFD and proved that modified maximum likelihood estimator (MMLE) is best to consider for the estimation of parameters. We have constructed the memoryless and memory‐based control charts based on the assumption that the distribution of the underlying process does not follow the normal distribution. In this paper, we provide modified control charts using MMLE of the shape parameter for WPFD. We develop control charts to keep the process in control when the distribution of errors of underlying process follows WPFD. We propose the modified memoryless control chart, that is, Shewhart control chart and modified memory‐based control chart, that is, Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and Hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) control charts. We have made the comparison of the proposed control charts using Monte Carlo simulation and the real‐life application for both and the memoryless control charts and memory‐based control charts. We see that HEWMA based on MMLE performs better as compared to other proposed control charts.
Development of second primary small‐cell lung cancer within the irradiated field after chemoradiotherapy: a report of two cases
Authors: Seike Yuki , Kawagishi Yukio , Bando Akihito , Kimoto Ko , Hongo Masato , Takeda Shinichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo male smokers developed small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) as the second primary malignancy (SPM) in the irradiated field after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cancer, which could also be considered as a radiation‐induced tumour. A 70‐year‐old man received cisplatin and S‐1 and irradiation at 60 Gy for lung adenocarcinoma eight years previously and an 81‐year‐old man cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil and at irradiation 60 Gy for oesophageal cancer five years previously. They sequentially received chemotherapy for SCLC, the effects of which were limited, and a refractory course was noted. Chemoradiotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for locally advanced cancer but may be relevant to the onset of SCLC as SPM.
Observer‐based H∞ control of a stochastic Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation
Authors: Kang Wen , Wang Xiao‐Nan , Wu Kai‐Ning , Li Qing , Liu Zhijie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article mainly deals with observer‐based H∞ control problem for a stochastic Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation under point or averaged measurements. Due to the nonlinearity of the stochastic partial differential equations, special emphases are given to computation complexity. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov functional, we derive sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the internal exponential stability and H∞ performance of the perturbed closed‐loop system by means of the Lyapunov approach. Consistent simulation results that support the proposed theoretical statements are provided. Finally, we have made important instructions for future research directions.
Controllability minimum principle based construction of the null controllable region for nonlinear systems
Authors: Mahmood Maaz , Homer Tyler , Mhaskar Prashant 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present manuscript addresses the problem of designing a procedure for constructing the null controllable Region (the set of states from where stabilization is achievable subject to constraints). To this end, a controllability minimum principle based computationally tractable approach for constructing the null controllable region is presented. Simulation results are used to illustrate the computation of the NCR for several examples.
Wavelet and power spectrum analysis of global navigation satellite system multipath error modeling and mitigation
Authors: Ansari Kutubuddin , Bae Tae‐Suk 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study investigates the multipath error modeling and mitigation for triple‐frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals inside South Korea. Multifrequency global positioning system (GPS), globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLONASS), and Galileo data are collected in an environment where the receiver must track these three constellations in both low and high multipath scenarios. First, an advanced power spectrum analysis technique known as Welch method is performed using experimental data, and its benefits and drawbacks are described. In the second attempt, the spectrogram method is utilized to perform multipath feature time–frequency analysis. Although the abnormal frequency peak presented by the spectrogram is stable, the spectrogram does not support the precise recognition of the multipath error peak occurrence. Hence, in the third attempt, continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) are applied to highlight this type of peak resolution. The CWT function successfully indicated the maximum and minimum peak resolutions and exhibited a clear wavelet energy spread. In the final stage, experimental data are reconstructed by inverse CWT (ICWT), and comparative results in terms of root mean square before and after the ICWT are estimated. After implementing the inverse wavelet method in high and low multipath error of experimental data, overall average percentages of multipath mitigation reduction compared to actual multipath error are estimated to be 95.74% and 98.79%, respectively. This study demonstrates the high efficiency of the wavelet method as well as the effectiveness as a multipath error reduction approach. These improvements can be considered as significant in achieving high‐precision positioning accuracy.
Cellulose‐based hydrogels regulated by supramolecular chemistry
Authors: Hu Danning , Zeng Min , Sun Yafei , Yuan Jinying , Wei Yen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose attract increasing attention because of their novel structures and broad potential applications. In this review, hydrogels composed of cellulose are summarized according to category of supramolecular interactions in the networks including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, host‐guest interactions, and others. Supramolecular cellulose‐based hydrogels constructed by noncovalent bonding usually exhibit environmental friendliness, designing flexibility and diverse functions, and their properties are variable with incorporating different interactions in hydrogel networks. Moreover, with proper structures and networks, the supramolecular cellulose‐based hydrogels are adaptable in diverse fields of research and practical applications, such as self‐healing, shape memory, drug delivery, and some other renewable/sustainable materials. The future developments and challenges of the supramolecular hydrogels based on cellulose are discussed as well.
Neuroprotective effect of targeted regulatory Nrf2 gene on rats with acute brain injury induced by carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Dong , Wang Jing‐Lin , Guo Da‐Dong , Jiang Wen‐Wen , Li Ze‐Kun , Wang Li , Zou Yong , Bi Ming‐Jun , Li Qin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxidative stress has been considered as an important cause of neurocyte damage induced by carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning; however, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism and the neuroprotective effect of targeted regulatory nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene on acute brain injury in CO poisoning rats. An acute CO poisoning rat model was established by CO inhalation in hyperbaric oxygen chamber and followed by the administration of Nrf2 gene‐loaded lentivirus. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), the levels of Nrf2, glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and cell apoptosis were determined in brain tissue in rats. We found that CO poisoning could decrease ΔΨm of cells, slightly increase the expressions of Nrf2 and GCLC at mRNA and protein levels, reduce CAT and GSH‐Px, and thus initiate apoptosis process. The Nrf2 gene treatment could obviously enhance the expressions of Nrf2 at mRNA and protein levels, and increase the concentrations of CAT and GSH‐Px, maintain the ΔΨm of cells in brain tissue, significantly inhibit cell apoptosis as compared with the CO poisoning group (p < .05). These findings suggest that CO poisoning could induce oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial function of cells in brain tissue. The administration of Nrf2 gene could notably strengthen the antioxidant capacity of cells through regulating the downstream genes of Nrf2/antioxidant responsive element signal pathway, and positively protect cells against brain injury induced by acute severe CO poisoning.
Study of adsorption of copper, lead, and zinc in their various chemical forms from the sediments of the Brahmaputra river, Assam, India
Authors: Das Hitesh , Deka Jahnabi , Singh Anmol , Barman Pranjit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe natural organic matter and the iron and manganese oxides are potential adsorbing agents of heavy metals in sediments and create a sink for them to control their bioavailability and mobility in the aquatic environment. The salinity and pH of the surrounding water highly affect the fixation of heavy metals on the river sediments. The adsorption of copper, lead, and zinc ions in the Brahmaputra river sediment is analyzed by batch techniques. The parameters controlling these metal ions adsorption are solution pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and adsorbate concentration. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of the sediment particles of the various sizes (< 53, 53–73, and 74–149 μm) are measured for copper, lead, and zinc ions and extrapolated using linear Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The results provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis of adsorption mechanism. It is found that the extent of adsorption is increasing with decreasing particle size, and this may be attributed to the enhancement of the surface area available for adsorption to occur. The sediment is studied for metal speciation, for nine heavy metals, to explain their behavior in the five sequential extraction steps. This is an interesting study as zinc is present in the air, soil, water, and almost all food items, and industries naturally release zinc into the environment.
Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2021
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Lee Garam , Zhong Kate , Fonseca Jorge , Taghva Kazem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe number of individuals worldwide with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing at a rapid rate. New treatments are urgently needed. We review the current pipeline of drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of AD.MethodsWe interrogated ClinicalTrials.gov, the federal registry of clinical trials to identify drugs in trials.ResultsThere are 126 agents in 152 trials assessing new therapies for AD: 28 treatments in Phase 3 trials, 74 in Phase 2, and 24 in Phase 1. The majority of drugs in trials (82.5%) target the underlying biology of AD with the intent of disease modification; 10.3% are putative cognitive enhancing agents; and 7.1% are drugs being developed to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms.DiscussionThis pipeline analysis shows that target biological processes are more diversified, biomarkers are more regularly used, and repurposed agents are being explored to determine their utility for the treatment of AD.
A serosurvey for bovine respirovirus 3 in Turkish domestic ruminants: The first comparison study of A and C genotypes
Authors: Muftuoglu Bahadir , Kurucay Hanne Nur , Elhag Ahmed Eisa , Yildirim Serdar , Cicek‐Yildiz Yasemin , Tamer Cuneyt , Ozan Emre , Sahna Kezban Can , Yildirim Yakup , Albayrak Harun , Okur‐Gumusova Semra , Yazici Zafer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBovine parainfluenza virus‐3 (BPIV‐3), also known as bovine respirovirus 3, causes serious respiratory infection in ungulates, often involving other pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. In this study, we evaluated antibody titers against virus genotypes A (BPIV‐3a) and C (BPIV‐3c). We conducted a serological survey and comparison analysis of archived serum samples from small and large ruminants reared in four Turkish provinces. A total of 1,307 samples, consisting of sheep (n = 444), cattle (n = 402), water buffalo (n = 261) and goat (n = 200) sera, were randomly selected from stock samples collected between 2015 and 2019 and screened by standard virus neutralisation assay. We found that 49.9% (653/1307) of all samples were positive for neutralising antibody titers. Goats had the highest titer, with total seropositivity of 63% (126/200), followed in descending order by cattle, sheep and water buffalo at 56.2% (226/402), 32.2% (143/444) and 26% (68/261) total seropositivity, respectively. BPIV‐3c had the highest neutralising antibody rate at 34.3% (448/1307), whereas BPIV‐3a had a 24.3% (317/1307) seropositivity rate. Neutralising antibody titers for positive samples ranged between 1/4 and 1/512 per the SN50 test. Seropositivity rates ranged from a low of 8.9% to a high of 18.3%. Our study was the first to compare antibody seroprevalence for two BPIV‐3 genotypes in small and large domestic ruminants, which were shown to be more commonly exposed to BPIV‐3c than BPIV‐3a. This finding could have significant implications as current vaccines mainly use the BPIV‐3a genotype. Further research can determine if current vaccines protect against different BPIV‐3 virus genotypes.
Chiral torsional effects in anomalous fluids in thermal equilibrium
Authors: Mañes Juan L. , Valle Manuel , Vázquez-Mozo Miguel Á. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing the similarity between spacetime torsion and axial gauge couplings, we study torsional contributions to the equilibrium partition function in a stationary background. In the case of a charged fluid minimally coupled to torsion, we spot the existence of linear torsional magnetic and vortical effects, while the axial-vector current and the spin energy potential do not receive corrections in the torsion at linear order. The covariant energy-momentum tensor, on the other hand, does contain terms linear in the torsion tensor. The case of a two-flavor hadronic superfluid is also analyzed, and the torsional contributions to the constitutive relations computed. Our results show the existence of a torsional electric chiral effect mediated by the charged pions.
Mechanical stress influences the morphology and function of human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts and activates the p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Zhu Yapei , Li Lei , Xie Ting , Guo Tao , Zhu Lan , Sun Zhijing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition in older women that affects quality of life. Mechanical injury of the pelvic floor support system contributes to POP development. In our study, we aimed to examine the mechanical damage to human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts (hUSLFs) to preliminarily explore the mechanism of mechanical transduction in POP.

Methods
hUSLFs were derived from POP and non-POP patients. Mechanical stress was induced by the FX-5000 T-cell stress loading system. Student’s t-test was used for comparisons between different groups.

Results
We found that hUSLFs from POP patients were larger and longer than those from non-POP patients and exhibited cytoskeleton F-actin rearrangement. Collagen I and III expression levels were lower and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) levels were higher in POP patients than in non-POP patients. Additionally, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in POP patients compared to non-POP patients. After mechanical stretching, hUSLFs underwent a POP-like transformation. Cells became longer, and the cytoskeleton became thicker and rearranged. The extracellular matrix (ECM) was remodelled because of the upregulation of collagen I and III expression and downregulation of MMP1 expression. Mechanical stress also induced hUSLF apoptosis. Notably, we found that the p38 MAPK pathway was activated by mechanical stretching.

Conclusions
Mechanical stress induced morphological changes in ligament fibroblasts, leading to cytoskeleton and ECM remodelling and cell apoptosis. p38 MAPK might be involved in this process, providing novel insights into the mechanical biology of and possible therapies for this disease.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Predictive Marker for Coronary Artery Lesions in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Ming Li , Cao Hui-ling , Li Qiushu , Yu Gengsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the risk of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). A total of 1355 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for KD were reviewed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 636 patients with CALs and 719 patients without CALs. Blood samples for RDW were obtained at admission (before intravenous immunoglobulin treatment). A logistic regression analysis was performed, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the prognostic value of RDW standard deviation (RDW-SD) and RDW coefficient of variation (RDW-CV). The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn, No.: ChiCTR 2000040980. The results showed that RDW-SD increased in patients with complete KD and CALs compared with patients with complete KD without CALs (39 fL vs. 38 fL, respectively; p = 0.000). RDW-CV in patients with complete KD and CALs was significantly higher compared with patients with completed KD without CALs (p = 0.000). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RDW-SD was an independent marker of CALs in patients with complete KD (p = 0.001), but no association was found between RDW-CV and CALs. The area under the curve of RDW-SD for predicting CALs in patients with complete KD was 0.606 (95% confidence interval 0.572–0.640; p = 0.000) with a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 55%, respectively, when the optimal cut-off value of RDW-SD was 38.5 fL. RDW-CV increased in patients with incomplete KD and CALs compared with patients without CALs (13.55% vs 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.004), and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RDW-CV was an independent marker of CALs in patients with incomplete KD (p = 0.021). The area under the curve of RDW-CV for predicting CALs in patients with incomplete KD was 0.597 (95% confidence interval 0.532–0.661; p = 0.004) with a sensitivity and specificity of 40% and 77%, respectively, when the optimal cut-off value of RDW-SD was 13.85%. Conclusion: RDW can be used as an independent predictive marker of CALs in patients with KD, but the type of KD should be considered. RDW-SD was an independent marker of CALs in patients with complete KD, while RDW-CV was a predictor of incomplete KD.