bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on exopolysaccharide production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14 isolated from Moroccan raw cow's milk
Authors: Akhtach Sihame , Tabia Zakaria , Bricha Meriem , Belkhou Rajae , Mabrouk Khalil El 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwenty‐four strains were isolated from 50 samples of raw cow's milk originated from different regions of Morocco. After different screening methods, one strain was selected as the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐producing isolate and was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14. Moreover, the EPS‐producing ability, bacterial growth, and pH of the medium were monitored. The optimization of culture conditions indicated that the high yield of EPS was 685.14 mg/L obtained at 42°C, with lactose as a carbon source. The characterization study showed that the purified EPS consisted of one main fraction that contained 97.67% of carbohydrates. Furthermore, the EPS was identified as a homogeneous polysaccharide, mainly composed of glucose. These results demonstrated the high EPS production ability of the selected L. rhamnosus P14, representing a promising candidate to improve the textural and sensory properties of fermented food.
A Paradox of New Deal and Foreign Aid for Fragile States in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Katoka Ben , Kwon Huck‐ju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates aid delivery channels and their potential contribution to state‐capacity‐building in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) fragile and conflict‐affected states (FCSs) by drawing on the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States. Using the synthetic control method (SCM), the paper examines whether donors have implemented foreign aid following their commitment to the New Deal. It focuses on the period 2005–2019 and 44 SSA countries. Overall, the findings show that less aid is delivered through the public sector in FCSs, where building state capability is more necessary than in non‐FCSs in SSA. This shows that donor foreign aid practices do not match their commitment to the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States, although there are significant differences in donor practices. The tendency in donor aid‐giving is to bypass the public sector, which does not necessarily help strengthen capacity in FCSs. It is a paradox of foreign aid to fragile states due to the contradiction between the short‐term effectiveness of foreign aid and the long‐term necessity of state‐building in FCSs. With these findings, the paper calls for international efforts to improve aid‐giving to support state capability in FCSs.
Application of Aureobasidium pullulans in iron‐poor soil. Can the production of siderophores improve iron bioavailability and yeast antagonistic activity?
Authors: Di Francesco Alessandra , Sciubba Luigi , Bencivenni Matteo , Marzadori Claudio , Baraldi Elena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron is a fundamental element for plants as well as for microorganisms and several pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, one of the main soil‐borne pathogens of tomato. This study demonstrated the ability of Aureobasidium pullulans strain L1 to produce siderophores and how these molecules were, directly and indirectly, connected to its antagonistic activity and iron bioavailability. By ICP‐OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma—Optical Emission Spectroscopy) trace analysis, the strain displayed the ability to increase the bioavailability of Fe (II) in the soil by almost 50% 30 days after inoculation. Also, the bioavailability of Mn, Cu and Zn was increased after 30 days of incubation in the soil by 31.8, 38.4 and 27.1%, respectively. In in vivo assays, A. pullulans L1 strain showed a growth promotion of tomato roots length and stem diameter, respectively, by 19.1 and 27.3%, and acted as a biocontrol agent (BCA) against R. solani (80% of inhibition). The results demonstrate a new aspect of this microorganism, usually applied as an antagonist of postharvest fruit diseases, to explore in different environments and against different pathogens, such as soil‐borne pathogens.
Associations between alcohol use and accelerated biological ageing
Authors: Bøstrand Sunniva M. K. , Vaher Kadi , de Nooij Laura , Harris Matthew A. , Cole James H. , Cox Simon R. , Marioni Riccardo E. , McCartney Daniel L. , Walker Rosie M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Evans Kathryn L. , Whalley Heather C. , Wootton Robyn E. , Clarke Toni‐Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHarmful alcohol use is a leading cause of premature death and is associated with age‐related disease. Biological ageing is highly variable between individuals and may deviate from chronological ageing, suggesting that biomarkers of biological ageing (derived from DNA methylation or brain structural measures) may be clinically relevant. Here, we investigated the relationships between alcohol phenotypes and both brain and DNA methylation age estimates. First, using data from UK Biobank and Generation Scotland, we tested the association between alcohol consumption (units/week) or hazardous use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] scores) and accelerated brain and epigenetic ageing in 20,258 and 8051 individuals, respectively. Second, we used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to test for a causal effect of alcohol consumption levels and alcohol use disorder (AUD) on biological ageing. Alcohol use showed a consistent positive association with higher predicted brain age (AUDIT‐C: β = 0.053, p = 3.16 × 10−13; AUDIT‐P: β = 0.052, p = 1.6 × 10−13; total AUDIT score: β = 0.062, p = 5.52 × 10−16; units/week: β = 0.078, p = 2.20 × 10−16), and two DNA methylation‐based estimates of ageing, GrimAge (units/week: β = 0.053, p = 1.48 × 10−7) and PhenoAge (units/week: β = 0.077, p = 2.18x10−10). MR analyses revealed limited evidence for a causal effect of AUD on accelerated brain ageing (β = 0.118, p = 0.044). However, this result should be interpreted cautiously as the significant effect was driven by a single genetic variant. We found no evidence for a causal effect of alcohol consumption levels on accelerated biological ageing. Future studies investigating the mechanisms associating alcohol use with accelerated biological ageing are warranted.
A multicentre prospective analysis of the incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Turkey
Authors: Durdu Murat , Bozca Burçin Cansu , Enli Servinaz , Yazıcı Özgen Züleyha , Yaylı Savaş , Aktan Şebnem , Mutlu Derya , Erturan Ijlal , Ayvaz Çelik Havva Hilal , Melikoğlu Mehmet , Pala Erdal , Gürsel Ürün Yıldız , Harman Mehmet , Şavk Ekin , Işık Selin , Duygulu Şeniz , İmren Işıl Göğem , Fettahlıoğlu Karaman Bilge , Kaya Erdoğan Hilal , Kılıç Arzu , Özçelik Sinan , Inan Kıymet , Yılmaz Mustafa Anıl , Şanlı Hatice Erdi , Kalay Yıldızhan İncilay , Mülayim Mehmet Kamil , Çiçek Demet , Demir Betül , Yasak Güner Rukiye , Baykal Selçuk Leyla , Gündüz Kamer , Daye Munise , Borlu Murat , Solak Eda Oksum , Dizman Didem , Güneş Begüm , Ozkur Ezgi , Polat Mualla , Eskiocak Ali Haydar , Uzun Soner 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe differentiation between the pemphigoid diseases is essential for treatment and prognosis. In Turkey, data on the incidence of these diseases are insufficient. Our aim in this study is to determine the incidence, demographics and clinical characteristics associated with diseases of the pemphigoid group.MethodsWe prospectively analysed 295 patients with pemphigoid who visited dermatology clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in 12 different regions of Turkey within a year. The diagnosis was based on clinical, histopathological, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and serological (multivariant enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence and mosaic‐based BIOCHIP) examinations. Clinical and demographic findings, aetiological factors and concomitant diseases observed in the patients were recorded.ResultsA total of 295 (female/male ratio: 1.7/1) patients with pemphigoid were diagnosed in 1‐year period. The overall incidence rate of pemphigoid diseases was found to be 3.55 cases per million‐years. The ratio of pemphigoid group diseases to pemphigus group diseases was 1.6. The most common pemphigoid type was bullous pemphigoid (BP, 93.2%). The others were epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (3.1%), pemphigoid gestationis (2.4%), linear IgA disease (1%) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (0.3%). The most common (26.8%) possible trigger of the bullous pemphigoid was gliptin derivative drugs. The most common concomitant diseases with pemphigoid were cardiovascular (27.8%) and neurological diseases (23.7%).ConclusionsThis study showed that the increased frequency of bullous pemphigoid reversed the pemphigoid/pemphigus ratio in Turkey. Further studies are warranted regarding the reasons for this increase.
Menstrual pain and sexual health in mothers—A cross‐sectional study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Hjorth Sarah , Rytter Dorte , Forman Axel , Kirkegaard Helene , Olsen Jørn , Nohr Ellen A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevalence and consequences of menstrual pain have mainly been studied in younger women. We aimed to describe the prevalence of menstrual pain in mothers and its association with sexual problems.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study using questionnaire data from the Maternal Follow Up (2013–2014) in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002). Of 82 569 eligible mothers, 43 639 (53%) completed the follow up. Of these, 24 000 women had a partner, and answered the questions on menstrual pain. Log binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) with 95% CI for the association between menstrual pain and specific sexual problems.ResultsMenstrual pain was reported by 16 464 women (69%), and severe menstrual pain by 19%. Treatment had previously been requested by 19% of women with menstrual pain. The most common treatment was oral contraceptives, but for 18% of women seeking treatment, no treatment was given. Women with menstrual pain were more likely to report reduced sexual desire (PPR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.29), vaginismus (PPR 1.31, 95% CI 0.96–1.78), and dyspareunia (PPR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47–1.81), in particular deep dyspareunia (PPR 1.92, 95% CI 1.67–2.20).ConclusionsA majority of Danish mothers in mid‐life experienced menstrual pain, and these women more often reported reduced sexual desire, vaginismus, and deep dyspareunia. Few women sought and received treatment for menstrual pain. Healthcare practitioners should be aware that menstrual pain can affect parous women and co‐occurs with sexual problems. Future studies should identify barriers to seeking and receiving adequate treatment for menstrual pain.
Using both electromyography and movement disorder assessment improved the classification of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Lorentzen Jakob , Born Alfred P. , Svane Christian , Forman Christian , Laursen Bjarne , Langkilde Annika R. , Uldall Peter , Hoei‐Hansen Christina E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimChildren with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) are often severely affected and effective treatment is difficult, due to different underlying disease mechanisms. Comprehensive systematic movement disorder evaluations were carried out on patients with this disorder.MethodsPatients born from 1995 to 2007 were identified from the Danish Cerebral Palsy Register and referrals to the neuropaediatric centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. They were classified by gross motor function, manual functional ability, communication ability, dystonia and spasticity. Electromyography was carried out on the upper and lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were revised, and aetiological searches for underlying genetic disorders were performed.ResultsWe investigated 25 patients with dyskinetic CP at a mean age of 11.7 years. Dystonia, spasticity and rigidity were found in the upper limbs of 21, four and six children, respectively, and in the lower limbs of 18, 18 and three children. The mean total Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden score for dystonia was 45.02, and the mean Disability Impairment Scale level was 38% for dystonia and 13% for choreoathetosis. Sustained electromyography activity was observed in 20/25 children. Stretching increased electromyography activity more in children with spasticity. There were 10 re‐classifications.ConclusionThe children had heterogenic characteristics, and 40% were reclassified after systematic movement disorder evaluation.
Mortality and morbidity in preterm infants with congenital heart disease
Authors: Dumitrascu Biris Ioana , Mintoft Alison , Harris Christopher , Rawn Zeshan , Jheeta Jatinder Singh , Pushparajah Kuberan , Khan Hammad , Fox Grenville 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo compare in‐hospital mortality and rates of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, IVH and length of invasive respiratory support in preterm infants <36 weeks’ gestation with congenital heart disease (CHD) to matched preterm infants without CHD in a single London centre over 13‐year period.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective case‐control study over the 13‐year period from May 2004 to May 2017.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐seven preterm infants with CHD were matched to 494 infants without CHD. Patients with CHD had a significantly increased risk of in‐hospital mortality compared to controls (OR 7.39 (95% CI 4.37–12.5); p < 0.001). Preterm infants with CHD had a higher risk of NEC (OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.32–4.45); p = 0.005), sepsis (OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.23–2.28); p = 0.001) and invasive respiratory support ≥28 days (OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.19–4.58); p = 0.017). Risk of IVH was lower in preterm infants with CHD (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.11–0.42); p = 0.0001).ConclusionPreterm birth with CHD is associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital mortality, NEC, sepsis and prolonged invasive respiratory support, but a lower risk of IVH compared to matched controls. In‐hospital mortality remains high in moderate‐to‐late preterm infants with CHD.
Letter: neuromodulators in functional dyspepsia—the right indication in the right dose
Authors: Birda Chhagan Lal , Jena Anuraag , Kumar Antriksh 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kotikula et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16588 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16620
Editorial: understanding IBS pathophysiology through “converging channels” of research—authors’ reply
Authors: Grover Madhusudan , Berumen Antonio , Peters Stephanie , Wei Ting , Breen‐Lyles Margaret , Harmsen William S. , Busciglio Irene , Burton Duane , Vazquez Roque Maria , DeVault Kenneth R. , Camilleri Michael , Wallace Michael , Dasari Surendra , Neumann Helmut , Houghton Lesley A. 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Grover et al and Elwing & Sayuk papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16591 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16603
Letter: neuromodulators in functional dyspepsia—the right indication in the right dose. Authors’ reply
Authors: Kotikula Isariyaphong , Thinrungroj Nithi , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kotikula et al and Birda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16588 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16612
“People want good graffiti”: Tensions, contradictions, and everyday politics surrounding graffiti in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Kee Michelle , Turner Sarah , Labbé Danielle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraffiti has become an omnipresent feature of urban landscapes, with sprawling words and images on public and private surfaces triggering heated debates on the meaning, implications, and legality of these urban inscriptions. Yet, to date, there has been little academic research conducted on graffiti and street art in the Asian context, and none that we could find on the burgeoning scene in Vietnam. In the context of a socialist state, with little tolerance for public dissent, we investigate how, and by whom, graffiti is created, and to what degree it transgresses public space norms in the country’s capital city, Hanoi. We analyse how young graffiti writers negotiate the social, physical, and cultural boundaries which serve as either deterrents or catalysts for graffiti creation, and consider whether strategies of compliance or everyday resistance are employed in order to create their work. With the effects that globalisation and urbanisation have had on the Asian region, and the tactics citizens employ to negotiate state‐imposed censorship and restraints having been studied closely, we position our work within these broader debates.
The ecology of electricity and electroreception
Authors: England Sam J. , Robert Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTElectricity, the interaction between electrically charged objects, is widely known to be fundamental to the functioning of living systems. However, this appreciation has largely been restricted to the scale of atoms, molecules, and cells. By contrast, the role of electricity at the ecological scale has historically been largely neglected, characterised by punctuated islands of research infrequently connected to one another. Recently, however, an understanding of the ubiquity of electrical forces within the natural environment has begun to grow, along with a realisation of the multitude of ecological interactions that these forces may influence. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive collation and synthesis of research in this emerging field of electric ecology. This includes assessments of the role electricity plays in the natural ecology of predator–prey interactions, pollination, and animal dispersal, among many others, as well as the impact of anthropogenic activity on these systems. A detailed introduction to the ecology and physiology of electroreception – the biological detection of ecologically relevant electric fields – is also provided. Further to this, we suggest avenues for future research that show particular promise, most notably those investigating the recently discovered sense of aerial electroreception.
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parameswaran Gokul , Ray David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last 60 years we have seen a significant rise in metabolic disease, especially type 2 diabetes. In the same period, the emergence of electricity and artificial lighting has allowed our behavioural cycles to be independent of external patterns of sunlight. This has led to a corresponding increase in sleep deprivation, estimated to be about 1 hour per night, as well as circadian misalignment (living against the clock). Evidence from experimental animals as well as controlled human subjects have shown that sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment can both directly drive metabolic dysfunction, causing diabetes. However, the precise mechanism by which these processes contribute to insulin resistance remains poorly understood. In this article, we will review the new literature in the field and propose a model attempting to reconcile the experimental observations made. We believe our model will serve as a useful point of reference to understand how metabolic dysfunction can emerge from sleep or circadian rhythm disruptions, providing new directions for research and therapy.
Impact of persistent subclinical hypothyroidism on clinical outcomes in non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Han Chuyi , Xu Kaihang , Wang Le , Zhang Yingyi , Zhang Rui , Wei Ao , Dong Lijie , Hu Yuecheng , Xu Jinghan , Li Wenyu , Li Tingting , Liu Chunwei , Qi Wei , Jin Dongxia , Zhang Jingxia , Cong Hongliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundData on the association of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with the severity of coronary artery disease and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limited and conflicting.ObjectiveWe established the baseline rate of SCH and followed the trajectory of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) values during and after hospitalisation for PCI for up to six months and determined whether persistent SCH was associated with the severity of coronary artery disease and MACCE in patients with NSTE‐ACS after PCI.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.PatientsWe included patients with NSTE‐ACS who underwent PCI with simple balloon angioplasty or stent implantation for coronary heart disease.MeasurementsThyroid function tests of patients before PCI and 1 day, 1 week, 1 and 6 months after PCI were performed. Cases showing transient SCH were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of four TSH tests: 0.27–4.2 mIU/L (n = 1472, 89.7%) and >4.2 mIU/L (n = 170, 10.4%). The risk factors for the severity of coronary artery lesions were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to study the relationship between TSH and MACCE.ResultsAmong 1642 patients, there were 1070 males (65.2%) and 572 females (34.8%), with an average age of 62.5 ± 9.6 years. SCH patients had a wider range of diseased vessels and a higher number of diseased vessels (p < .05). TSH level was an independent risk factor for moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.144, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.057–1.237, p = .001] and severe (OR = 1.131, 95% CI: 1.043–1.226, p = .003) coronary artery lesions. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of MACCE [hazard ratio (HR): 4.067, p < .001], nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR: 14.724, p = .003), and unplanned PCI (HR: 5.028, p < .001) were higher in the SCH group than in the euthyroidism group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of heart failure (HR: 6.012, p = .175), nonfatal stroke (HR: 2.039, p = .302), unplanned coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (HR: 1.541, p = .57), or cardiac death (HR: 2.704, p = .375) between the two groups.ConclusionsPreoperative TSH levels and changes in thyroid hormone levels several months post‐PCI in NSTE‐ACS patients are highly significant in practice. Persistent SCH is associated with severe coronary artery lesions and MACCE, and may be a predictor for evaluating the prognosis of PCI‐treated NSTE‐ACS patients.