bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing realized yield by breeding for disease tolerance: A case study for Septoria tritici blotch
Authors: van den Bosch Frank , Smith Julie , Wright Paul , Milne Alice , van den Berg Femke , Kock‐Appelgren Petra , Foulkes John , Paveley Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisease‐tolerant cultivars maintain yield in the presence of disease. When disease intensity is high, they can improve a grower's net return compared to less tolerant cultivars. Many authors report a trade‐off, whereby higher fully protected yields are correlated with a lower disease tolerance. We analyse the question for breeders: to what extent should they breed for tolerance when it compromises maximizing fully protected yield? Field trials with 147 progeny from five parental crosses of wheat were used to measure yield and tolerance under a range of disease intensities from Septoria tritici blotch (STB; causal organism Zymoseptoria tritici) at a range of sites and seasons. The data define the variation for these traits from which breeders can select. A simple data‐driven descriptive model was used to calculate the combination of tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes actual yield for any given level of disease—quantified by loss of healthy canopy area duration (HAD‐loss). This model was combined with data on the year‐to‐year variability of HAD‐loss in the UK to calculate the tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes the mean actual yield. We found that even when an effective fungicide treatment programme is applied, breeding for tolerance increases the mean actual yield. Some commercially available cultivars were found to have a level of tolerance that leads to yields close to the maximum yield in the presence of disease, others had a lower tolerance leading to suboptimal yields.
Detection of lipid peroxidation in dog spermatozoa with the fluorescent dye C11‐BODIPY581/591
Authors: Gallelli Maria F. , Allera Cecilia , Moncalvo Evangelina , Caldevilla Mariana , Miragaya Marcelo , Monachesi Norma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractC11‐BODIPY581/591 is a fluorescent probe that has been successfully used to evaluate lipid peroxidation in different species, but it has not been completely studied in the dog. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess lipid peroxidation of dog spermatozoa using C11‐BODIPY581/591 and compare different positive controls of the technique. Twenty‐four ejaculates were collected from 8 adult male dogs. Routine seminal characteristics were evaluated in raw semen. Lipid peroxidation evaluation was performed as described in other species. Samples were divided in three aliquots, exposed to UV radiation, incubated with hydrogen peroxide or left without treatment (control). Lipid peroxidation was significantly greater only in UV‐exposed samples than in the control ones (91 ± 6% vs. 8.3 ± 3.5%, p ˂ .01). In conclusion, C11‐BODIPY581/591 is useful to evaluate lipid peroxidation of dog spermatozoa and UV radiation is a good promoter of membrane oxidation, so irradiated samples can be used as a positive control of this technique.
Value orientations and support for guaranteed income
Authors: Richards Donald R. , Steiger Thomas L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe idea of a “guaranteed annual income” (GAI) is at least 40 years old. While debated by academics and experimented with in several countries, it has not carried much weight in US public opinion until recently. Andrew Yang's support for it in his run for the 2020 Democrat nomiation for US President and the recently completed “Stockton Experiment” has garnered more press attention.ObjectiveExamine support for a guaranteed annual income (GAI) in relation to attitudes regarding the role of work as an individual and social value.MethodsA representative sample of United States adults were surveyed about their attitudes toward work, their view of government and support for GAI.ResultsA solid majority support GAI. This support comes in the face of a rather strong endorsement of the work ethic. Far from seeing the GAI as a disincentive to work, respondents indicate, on the whole, that they would not reduce their work hours if they received a GAI.ConclusionData were collected during a pandemic that disrupted daily life. Thus, people may be ready to re‐examine some basic assumptions about the roles that state and market should play in society as well as re‐examine just what they are willing to define as “fair” and “just” in terms of economic responsibilities and rewards.
Developing Algorithm Based on Activity and Mobility for Pressure Ulcer Risk Among Older Adult Residents: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Avsar Pinar , Budri Aglecia , Patton Declan , Walsh Simone , Moore Zena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA pressure ulcer (PU) is a localized injury to the skin or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence. The prevention PU per patient per day is costly; therefore, the detection of a PU at its earliest stage is imperative to afford timely interventions. Currently, there are very few clinically useful tools to assist with early PU detection and prevention.AimThere were two primary aims of this study: (1) to investigate the relationship between activity, mobility, and PU development; and (2) to ascertain the next steps for delineating an algorithm based on activity and mobility for detecting PU risk among older adult residents in long‐term care.MethodThis quantitative, prospective, descriptive, non‐experimental study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 among 53 older adult residents who were followed for 4 consecutive days. Participants’ Braden score, Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) score, Movement Level, and 6‐item Cognitive Impairment Test score were assessed. Further, the sacrum and heels were assessed daily using a non‐invasive subepidermal moisture (SEM) scanner and visual skin assessment (VSA). SEM values > 0.5 were considered as indicative of the presence of an SEM‐PU.ResultsThe incidence rate of VSA‐PU was 15.1% (N = 8). There was an incidence of 87.5% (N = 42) of SEM‐PU damage. According to the Braden subscale, Mobility Braden, most of the participants (62.2%, N = 33) were assessed as having no limitations/slightly limited mobility, while the EMS indicated that most of the participants (67.9%, N = 36) were classed in an independent category. From the 42 SEM‐PUs observed, 62% (N = 26) occurred among the low movers, and 38% (N = 16) occurred among the high movers.Linking Evidence to ActionUsing traditional methods for the assessment of movement does not provide insight into the protective nature of the movement. Given that both low‐ and high‐moving patients can develop tissue damage, it is important to focus on the assessment of movement using more objective measures and algorithms, which enable real‐time assessment of the protective nature of the movement. This would enable development of person‐centered PU prevention strategies to reduce the burden of this significant healthcare problem.
Identifying COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccination hesitancy or refusal among health care providers across North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gallant Allyson J. , Steenbeek Audrey , Curran Janet A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this scoping review is to describe and map the evidence on COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccination hesitancy or refusal among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists across North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.

Introduction:
When global pandemics occur, including the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in 2020, and the swine flu influenza pandemic (H1N1) of 2009, there is increased pressure for pharmaceutical companies and government agencies to develop safe and effective vaccines against these highly contagious illnesses. Following development and approvals, it then becomes essential that priority populations, including frontline health care providers, opt to receive these vaccinations to prevent illness and potential transmission to their patients. However, vaccine hesitancy or refusal has played a significant role in suboptimal vaccination rates globally. As health care providers, including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, often administer vaccines, their vaccination views and behaviors are of great importance because they can directly affect the vaccination decisions of their patients.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will identify factors affecting COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccine hesitancy or refusal among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists across a range of countries. Published and unpublished evidence, including quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research, and gray literature, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
This scoping review protocol will follow JBI methodology. The search strategy will be developed with support from a health sciences librarian scientist to identify relevant evidence. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers, with findings summarized and presented through narrative descriptions, tables, and figures.
Waste Heat Recovery From Fly Ash of 210 MW Coal Fired Power Plant Using Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Roge Nitin Hanuman , Khankari Goutam , Karmakar Sujit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Combustion of coal in thermal power plants generates ash as a residue, which depends on the quality of coal, specific to its ash content and calorific value. In a typical Indian scenario, a standard 210 MW thermal plant produces ∼57 T/hr total ash, which has 80:20 fly and bottom ash share, considering coal with 40% ash content. This study aims to harness the waste heat of fly ash collected at the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) by coupling organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with 210 MW subcritical coal-fired thermal power plant works on R134a. Thermodynamic properties of R134a are taken from the PYroMAT library (python 3.6) to develop a computer-based program that estimates the variability of key parameters with respect to log mean temperature difference (LMTD). The main plant's efficiency was 28.714%, with main steam pressure, reheat pressure, and temperature being about 134.35 bar, 24.02 bar, and 540 °C, respectively, and combustion of coal is about 141.5 T/hr. The study shows additional generation from fly ash waste heat is about 30.5 kW with an increase in net power output (0.0145%) and net energy efficiency (0.0146%). The optimum value of LMTD for the evaporator, condenser, and recuperator is 40, 7, and 16 K, which yields the optimum energy efficiency and developed cost-effective design. The proposed system is economically analyzed, considering 25 years of equipment life and 14% of loan interest. The study shows that the payback period and the generation cost of electricity of ORC is about 6.22 years and INR 3.14 per kWh, respectively.
Polymer Solution With Very Low Relaxation Time: A Combined Numerical-Experimental Determination Strategy
Authors: Maîtrejean Guillaume , Roux Denis C. D. , Rosello Maxime , Jay Pascal , Xing Jean , Barbet Bruno 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For very low relaxation time (i.e., lesser than a microsecond), viscoelastic fluid experimental determination is difficult, if not impossible. In this work, the relaxation time measurement of a weakly elastic polymer solution, too low to be measured using classical rheometry techniques, is assessed using a mixed experimental-numerical strategy. First the fluid is rheologically assessed, by measuring its shear viscosity, surface tension, and density. Then the relaxation time is determined by comparing the jetting of polymer solution from a continuous ink-jet (CIJ) device, experimentally and numerically. The numerical approach is first validated using test cases, and a viscoelastic Oldroyd-B model is used to model the experimental solution. The relaxation time is then a parameter allowing us to fit numerical simulation onto experimental results. This mixed strategy is particularly convenient for weakly elastic solution for which physical parameters cannot be measured using an experimental rheometry setup.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Solid-State Additive Manufactured Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Robinson T. W. , Williams M. B. , Rao H. M. , Kinser R. P. , Allison P. G. , Jordon J. B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained prominence in rapid prototyping and production of structural components with complex geometries. Magnesium alloys, which have a strength-to-weight ratio that is superior compared with steel and aluminum alloys, have shown potential in lightweighting applications. However, commercial beam-based AM technologies have limited success with magnesium alloys due to vaporization and hot cracking. Therefore, as an alternative approach, we propose the use of a near net-shape solid-state additive manufacturing process, additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), to fabricate magnesium alloys in bulk. In this study, a parametric investigation was performed to quantify the effect of process parameters on AFSD build quality including volumetric defects and surface quality in magnesium alloy AZ31B. In order to understand the effect of the AFSD process on structural integrity in the magnesium alloy AZ31B, in-depth microstructure and mechanical property characterization was conducted on a bulk AFSD build fabricated with a set of acceptable process parameters. Results of the microstructure analysis of the as-deposited AFSD build revealed bulk microstructure similar to wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 plate. Additionally, similar hardness measurements were found in AFSD build compared with control wrought specimens. While tensile test results of the as-deposited AFSD build exhibited a 20% drop in yield strength (YS), nearly identical ultimate strength was observed compared with the wrought control. The experimental results of this study illustrate the potential of using the AFSD process to additively manufacture Mg alloys for load bearing structural components with achieving wrought-like microstructure and mechanical properties.
Hybrid Electrical-Submersible-Pump/Gas-Lift Application to Improve Heavy Oil Production: From System Design to Field Optimization
Authors: Le Vu , Tran Son 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe typical challenge encountered in developing heavy-oil reservoirs is inefficient wellbore lifting caused by complex multiphase flows. The literature on modeling of a hybrid artificial-lift (AL) system is relatively sparse and these works typically model the AL system on the basis of individual AL methods. This paper presents a case study of the design and optimization of a hybrid AL system to improve heavy-oil production. We systematically design and model a hybrid electrical-submersible-pump/gas-lift (ESP/GL) system to enhance wellbore lifting and production optimization. We found that the implementation of a hybrid ESP/GL system provides the flexibility to boost production and reduces production downtime. Results from the pilot test show that the production rate in hybrid mode are approximately 30% higher than in ESP-only mode. The power consumption of the hybrid mode is 3% lower in the ESP-only mode. Additionally, the average ESP service life exceeds 6 years which is better than expected in the field development plan. The pump-performance-curve model is built with corrections for density and viscosity owing to the increased water production. We observed a higher pressure drawdown with GL injection at fixed ESP frequency. The GL injection reduces the density of the fluid column above the ESP, resulting in less pressure loss across the pump, less power consumption, and potentially extended service life. The nodal analysis results suggest that the pump capacity can be considerably expanded by manipulating the GL rate instead of increasing the frequency.
Effects of Steady Angle of Attack on Nonlinear Flutter of a Delta Wing Plate Model
Authors: Tang Deman , Dowell Earl H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Limit cycle oscillations (LCO) have been observed in flight for certain modern high performance aircraft. The nonlinear physical mechanism responsible for the LCO is still in doubt, even to the point of it not yet being determined whether the nonlinearity is principally in the flexible elastic structure of the aircraft or due to the fluid behavior in the surrounding aerodynamic flow field. One observation from flight tests is that by changing the angle of attack of aircraft, the flight velocity at which LCO begins may be raised or lowered and that the amplitude of the LCO may be reduced. It has been suggested that this sensitivity to angle of attack indicates the nonlinearity is in the fluid rather than in the structure. In the present paper we show that such effects of an angle of attack change can be the result of a structural nonlinearity. Specifically an investigation to determine the effects of a steady angle of attack on nonlinear flutter and limit cycle oscillation of a delta wing-plate model in low subsonic flow has been made. A three-dimensional time domain vortex lattice aerodynamic model and a reduced order aerodynamic technique are used and the structure is modeled using von Karman plate theory that allows for geometric strain-displacement nonlinearities in the delta wing structure. The results provide new insights into nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena not previously widely appreciated, i.e. limit cycle oscillations (LCO) for low aspect ratio wings that have a plate-like nonlinear structural behavior. The effects of a steady angle of attack on both the flutter boundary and the LCO are found to be significant. For a small steady angle of attack, α0 ≤ 0.1°, the flutter onset velocity increases, while for larger α0 it decreases. Moreover, as α0 increases, the maximum LCO amplitude decreases substantially. Such effects have been observed by Bunton and Denegri in flight flutter experiments. It is noted that the present theoretical results do not prove that the LCO phenomena observed in flight are due to structural nonlinearities; however, the results of the present analysis are consistent with those observed in flight and do show that a structural nonlinearity can give rise to the observed effects of angle of attack on LCO.
The Use of Risk Information for the Development of a Safety Policy Around an Airport
Authors: Ale B. J. M. , Piers M. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Schiphol, the main airport of the Netherlands, grows rapidly. The movements of aircraft cause considerable environmental burden to the surrounding population; notably noise, odour and safety risk. In the late nineteen eighties the discussion about further extensions of the airport were based on expectations of growth, which since then were exceeded by a factor of two.
The concern about 3PR was enhanced due to a crash of a Boeing 747 into an apartment building in a suburb of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. In this accident, which happened on October 4, 1992, the four crew members were killed together with 39 inhabitants on the ground.
In order to cope with this problem the methodology to assess these risks and the policy to deal with these risks had to be developed simultaneously. This led to interesting interactions between the two.
The development of the policy is described against the background of the continuing increase in growth expectations, the development of insight in the methodology to assess the risks and the risks themselves. This is illustrated with results of safety studies and policy debates of the last decade.
In the current discussion special attention has been given to the necessity to develop policies to limit the chance of large scale disasters. The results of a study of the potential for such policies is summarised in the remainder of the paper.
The discussion about the acceptability of this risk still continues just as the discussion about Schiphol’s fate in the future.
Snowblower Failure Analysis Case Study
Authors: Brickman Dennis B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A failure modes and effects analysis was conducted to analyze the cause of a snowblower accident in which the operator’s hand came in contact with the rotating impeller. Systematic analysis showed that the accident was caused by multiple failures of the snowblower and improper snowblower service. Results of the analysis indicate that there are available design alternatives and countermeasures which would have prevented the accident.
Risk Assessment Benchmarks: Getting Started, Making Progress in Safety Through Design
Authors: Main Bruce W. , McMurphy Kristen J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hazard analyses and risk assessments are practical and effective methods to address safety issues during the design process. This safety through design process is gaining commercial acceptance as a method to improve safety, productivity, and cost efficiencies. No longer are safety factors, checklists, compliance with standards, or warning labels considered leading edge safety methods. Much like quality, safety is increasingly being addressed in design rather than as a retrofit activity.
This presentation examines the increasing commercial interest in the design safety process including six key forces pushing safety through design: costs, competition, legal requirements, international influences, risk assessment advances, and the Institute for Safety Through Design (ISTD). The emergence of task-based risk assessments and computer tools for implementing safety through design is also discussed.
New Approach for Surface Microstructuring
Authors: Mardilovich Peter , Routkevitch Dmitri , Govyadinov Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new approach for microstructuring of aluminum and alumina surfaces based on localized anodization of aluminum is described. It is based on the self-organized equilibrium at the metal/oxide interface and dynamic interactions between individual oxide growth sites. Hexagonal and square closed-packed arrays of hemispherical and pyramidal features from alumina and aluminum on the micrometer scale were prepared. Potential applications of such microstructured surfaces are discussed.
Novel Resistive Point Heater for MEMS Remote Solder Self-Assembly
Authors: Kladitis Paul E. , Bright Victor M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
MEMS structures can be assembled using the surface tension of molten solder (solder self-assembly). Until this novel development, solder self-assembly was performed at the wafer or chip level where the whole chip needed to be heated to melt the micro sized solder droplets used to assemble devices. In this paper we present the design, testing, and modeling of a resistive point heater that is used to assemble an individual device on a chip without affecting neighboring devices. The point heater was packaged in 14 and 24 pin ceramic dual inline packages and tested in air, nitrogen, and formic-acid/nitrogen vapor. The lowest power needed to liquify a 63Sn/37Pb, 8 mil diameter equivalent volume solder droplet and assemble a device in formic-acid/nitrogen vapor was found to be 714 mW. The average power, of several trials, required to liquify a solder droplet is 998 mW at 141 mA and 7.08 V. A steady-state heat transfer model predicts 986.4 mW is required to keep the droplet at 181 °C (the observed minimum temperature at which 63Sn/37Pb solder is in liquid state). Growth of pure Sn platey crystals, varified by X-ray flourescence, was noted on the point heater assembly and surroundings during assembly in formic-acid/nitrogen vapor.