bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of a national mass media campaign to raise public awareness of possible lung cancer symptoms in England in 2016 and 2017
Authors: Ball Susan , Hyde Chris , Hamilton Willie , Bright Chloe J. , Gildea Carolynn , Wong Kwok F. , Paley Lizz , Hill Helen L. , Mak Vivian , Moffat Jodie , Elliss-Brookes Lucy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
A two-phase ‘respiratory symptoms’ mass media campaign was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in England raising awareness of cough and worsening shortness of breath as symptoms warranting a general practitioner (GP) visit.

Method
A prospectively planned pre–post evaluation was done using routinely collected data on 15 metrics, including GP attendance, GP referral, emergency presentations, cancers diagnosed (five metrics), cancer stage, investigations (two metrics), outpatient attendances, inpatient admissions, major lung resections and 1-year survival. The primary analysis compared 2015 with 2017. Trends in metrics over the whole period were also considered. The effects of the campaign on awareness of lung cancer symptoms were evaluated using bespoke surveys.

Results
There were small favourable statistically significant and clinically important changes over 2 years in 11 of the 15 metrics measured, including a 2.11% (95% confidence interval 1.02–3.20, p < 0.001) improvement in the percentage of lung cancers diagnosed at an early stage. However, these changes were not accompanied by increases in GP attendances. Furthermore, the time trends showed a gradual change in the metrics rather than steep changes occurring during or after the campaigns.

Conclusion
There were small positive changes in most metrics relating to lung cancer diagnosis after this campaign. However, the pattern over time challenges whether the improvements are wholly attributable to the campaign. Given the importance of education on cancer in its own right, raising awareness of symptoms should remain important. However further research is needed to maximise the effect on health outcomes.
FBXL10 promotes EMT and metastasis of breast cancer cells via regulating the acetylation and transcriptional activity of SNAI1
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Zhao Binggong , Lv Linlin , Yang Yuxi , Li Shujing , Wu Huijian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractF-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 10 (FBXL10) has been reported to play a regulatory role in the initiation and development of breast cancer. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that FBXL10 may involve in the process of cytoskeleton organization. This research aimed to investigate the function of FBXL10 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of breast cancer, and tried to reveal the molecular mechanism involved in this issue. Functional experiments in vitro revealed that FBXL10 promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through inhibiting E-cadherin expression and inducing EMT. Mechanical studies revealed that FBXL10 could specifically interact with SNAI1, but not Slug or ZEB1. And it promoted the transcriptional repression activity of SNAI1 on CDH1 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, FBXL10 had a positive role for the deacetylation of SNAI1 by facilitating the interaction between SNAI1 and HDAC1, a dominating deacetylase of SNAI1. And the deacetylated SNAI1 showed a more suppressive ability to inhibit the transcription of E-cadherin. Moreover, mouse models were also conducted to confirm the effect of FBXL10 on the lung metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. Totally, our data revealed that FBXL10 served as a pro-metastatic factor in breast cancer via repressing the expression of E-cadherin and inducing EMT. It may provide a novel regulatory axis in the EMT of breast cancer.
Wavefront tolerances of space-based segmented telescopes at very high contrast: Experimental validation
Authors: Laginja Iva , Sauvage Jean-François , Mugnier Laurent M. , Pueyo Laurent , Perrin Marshall D. , Noss James , Will Scott D. , Brooks Keira J. , Por Emiel H. , Petrone Peter , Soummer Rémi 
Published: October 2021

Context.The detection and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets (exoEarths) from space requires exquisite wavefront stability at contrast levels of 10−10. On segmented telescopes in particular, aberrations induced by co-phasing errors lead to a light leakage through the coronagraph, deteriorating the imaging performance. These need to be limited in order to facilitate the direct imaging of exoEarths.Aims.We perform a laboratory validation of an analytical tolerancing model that allows us to determine wavefront error requirements in the 10−6 − 10−8contrast regime for a segmented pupil with a classical Lyot coronagraph. We intend to compare the results to simulations, and we aim to establish an error budget for the segmented mirror on the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed.Methods.We use the Pair-based Analytical model for Segmented Telescope Imaging from Space to measure a contrast influence matrix of a real high-contrast instrument, and use an analytical model inversion to calculate per-segment wavefront error tolerances. We validate these tolerances on the HiCAT testbed by measuring the contrast response of segmented mirror states that follow these requirements.Results.The experimental optical influence matrix is successfully measured on the HiCAT testbed, and we derive individual segment tolerances from it that correctly yield the targeted contrast levels. Further, the analytical expressions that predict a contrast mean and variance from a given segment covariance matrix are confirmed experimentally.
Back to Black: African American Literary Criticism in the Present Moment
Authors: Warren Kenneth W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For more than a century, scholars of Black literature have sought to align a critical project focused on identifying and celebrating Black distinctiveness with a social project aimed at redressing racial inequality. This commitment to Black distinctiveness announces itself as a project on behalf of “the race” as a whole, but has always been, and remains, a project and politics guided in the first instance by the needs and outlook of the Black professional classes. Over the first half of the twentieth century, this cultural project achieved some real successes: politically, it helped discredit the moral and intellectual legitimacy of the Jim Crow order that in various ways affected all Black Americans; culturally, it placed Black writers in the vanguard of a modernist project predicated on multicultural pluralism. Since the 1970s the limitations of this project, culturally and politically, have become increasingly evident. Blind to the class dimension of their efforts, literary scholars continue to misrepresent the historical/political nature of the project of Black distinction as a property of cultural texts themselves. Overestimating the efficacy of race-specific social policies, these scholars disparage the universalist social policies that would most effectively benefit a majority of Black Americans.
Adopting permanent His bundle pacing: learning curves and medium-term outcomes
Authors: De Leon Jhobeleen , Seow Swee-Chong , Boey Elaine , Soh Rodney , Tan Eugene , Gan Hiong Hiong , Lee Jie Ying , Teo Lisa Jie Ting , Yeo Colin , Tan Vern Hsen , Kojodjojo Pipin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to determine procedural characteristics, acute success rates, and medium-term outcomes of consecutive patients undergoing His bundle pacing (HBP); and learning curves of experienced electrophysiologists adopting HBP.

Methods and results
Consecutive HBP patients at three hospitals were recruited. Clinical characteristics, acute procedural details, and medium-term outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Two hundred and thirty-three patients [mean age 74.6 ± 10.1 years, 48% female, 68% narrow QRS, 71% normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 55.8% atrioventricular block] underwent HBP. Acute procedural success was 81.1% (mean procedural and fluoroscopic times of 105.5 ± 36.5 and 13.8 ± 9.3 min). Broad QRS was associated with lower HBP success (odds ratio 0.39, P = 0.02). Fluoroscopic and procedural times decreased and plateaued after 30–40 cases per operator. Implant HBP threshold was 1.3 ± 0.7 V at 1.0 ± 0.2 ms and R wave was 5.0 ± 3.9 mV. During follow-up, loss of HBP occurred in a further 12.4% and 11.3% of patients experienced a ≥1 V increase in HBP threshold. Five (2.6%) patients required HBP revision for pacing difficulties. About 8.6% of patients had a &gt;50% decrease in R wave but lead revision for sensing issues was not necessary. On an intention to treat basis, 56.7% of patients in whom HBP was attempted had persisting HBP capture and thresholds of &lt;2 V.

Conclusion
Physicians adopting HBP should be cognizant of the learning curve and preferentially select non-dependent patients with normal QRS and LVEF, to minimize risk of lead revision. Further rises in HBP threshold may increase battery drain and need for reoperations, important considerations when choosing HBP for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Factors associated with Australian female doctors’ long term, as opposed to short term, rural Family Medicine work
Authors: Playford Denese , Masi Lauren , Rowe Anne , May Jennifer , Wharton Rosalie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
In light of current debate around securing and distributing the General Practitioner (GP) workforce in Australia, we analysed rural health workforce data to identify characteristics associated with long-term tenure for rural female GPs, an importantly lacking part of the rural workforce in Australia.

Methods
In this cohort study, 555 currently practicing rural female GPs with long, versus short, rural work histories were surveyed annually. Their data were compared.

Results
In logistic regression, as expected the factors associated with 7+ years (long-term) versus &lt;7 years (short-term) rural work were: being older (odds ratio [OR] 6.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16, 13.0, P &lt; 0.001); being an Australian resident (OR 4.64, 95% CI 2.17, 9.91, P &lt; 0.001); having a practice teaching commitment (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.67, 7.55, P = 0.001); having multiple children (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23, 3.88, P = 0.008); rural health club experience as a medical student (OR 5.23, 95% CI 1.11, 23.86, P = 0.033); and, marginally, being rurally experienced as an undergraduate through the Rural Clinical School programme (OR 8.89, 95% CI 0.921, 85.75, P = 0.059) and having a rural background spouse (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.94, 4.21, P = 0.070).

Conclusion
The factors involved in long-term rural work for female GPs include a longitudinal set from medical school into postgraduate practice life, some based on Australian government policy initiatives and others on lifestyle choices. These factors should be considered in providing a clinically mature female GP workforce to rural populations.
BSAC Vanguard Series: The future of infection prevention and control: how COVID is already transforming our approach to antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Voss Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID -19 stimulated enormous focus on, and change in, infection prevention and control (IPC), not just in the healthcare sector but also among the general public. While global cooperation and guidance are important, there is also an essential role and benefit from national policies that respect local circumstances and cultural differences. Hospitals will have a new role and data sharing and cooperation between areas such as acute and long-term care will be even more important. Further integration of infection control, microbiology and infectious diseases staff in IPC teams is needed. The digital and AI revolutions have roles to play in how and where patients are seen and diagnosed. The built environment may have longer-term influence on changing the behaviour of health professionals than education and training. One constant is the need for highly trained, flexible and motivated staff in these IPC teams.
Analytical Performance Evaluation of a New Calcitonin Assay
Authors: Moretti Giacomo , Troiani Eliana , Sarlo Francesca , Baroni Silvia , Urbani Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The use of efficient laboratory calcitonin (CT) testing is required for optimal management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Several pitfalls are related to the calcitonin laboratory assays and a careful evaluation is needed. We report the analytical performances of the new Siemens ADVIA-Centaur-CALCT (CT-XPT) assay and its comparison with our standard method DiaSorin-Calcitonin-II-Gen (CT-LIA) assay.

Methods
Analytical performance of the CT-XPT-assay, limit of blank (LOB), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), were determined. We also evaluated the in vitro stability of the sample, together with the linearity and percentage recovery.

Results
The CT-XPT-assay showed a better detection limit than the CT-LIA assay, with lower values of LOB (0.86 pg/mL vs 1.00 pg/mL) and LOQ (1.65 pg/mL vs 3.00 pg/mL). Both values were in agreement with those reported by the manufacturer. Within- and between-run precision demonstrated a good concordance of results. Regarding the in vitro stability of CT, the low CT concentration sera showed a much greater decrease in CT levels compared to the high concentration sera. Correlation studies showed a good correlation between the two methods (Kappa Cohen coefficent, KC: 0.68, agreement % for male: 89.58%; KC: 0.63; agreement % for female: 88.33%).

Conclusions
Our findings showed a good correlation between the CT-LIA and CT-XPT methods. Moreover, we demonstrated that the analytical performance of the CT-XPT assay, together with its technical specifications, could represent major features of the CT-XPT method. Collectively, the technical evaluation and the analytical results described in the presented paper highlight that the novel CT-XPT is a valid method for CT testing in a clinical diagnostic setting.
Rare modification in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway leads to amphotericin B resistance inCandida aurisclinical isolates
Authors: Kordalewska Milena , Guerrero Kevin D. , Mikulski Timothy D. , Elias Tony N. , Garcia-Rubio Rocio , Berrio Indira , Gardam Dianne , Heath Christopher H. , Chowdhary Anuradha , Govender Nelesh P. , Perlin David S. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWe determined amphotericin B (AmB) susceptibility and sequenced key genes of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway implicated in AmB resistance (ERG2, ERG3, ERG6, ERG11) of 321 clinical isolates ofCandida auris. In antifungal susceptibility testing, 19 (5.9%) isolates were categorized as AmB-resistant (MIC ≥2 mg/l). Only one AmB-resistant isolate presented a unique non-wild-typeERG6genotype that was confirmed to confer amphotericin B resistance (MIC >32 mg/l) when introduced into a susceptible strain (MIC = 0.5 mg/l).
Analyzing SARS CoV-2 Patient Data Using Quantum Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Yu Zara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a serious threat to global health. We developed a new quantum machine learning (QML) assisted diagnostic method that can provide an accurate diagnosis to aid decision processes of medical providers. One of the key elements in our method was to implement the quantum variational method to efficiently classify data, taking crucial multiple correlations among the features into account. We established and fine-tuned this quantum classifier by using a group of data drawn from publicly available COVID-19 cases. We have shown that QML is capable of processing patient information efficiently and accurately for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Novel pectin from crude polysaccharide of Syzygium aromaticum against SARS-CoV-2 activities by targeting 3CLpro
Authors: Jin Can , Feng Bo , Pei Rongjuan , Ding Yaqi , Li Meixia , Chen Xia , Du Zhenyun , Ding Yangxiao , Huang Chunfan , Zhang Bo , Chen Xinwen , Zang Yi , Li Jia , Ding Kan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo date, COVID-19 is still a severe threat to public health, hence specific effective therapeutic drugs development against SARS-CoV-2 is urgent needed. 3CLpro and PLpro and RdRp are the enzymes required for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis. Therefore, binding to the enzyme may interfere the enzyme function. Before, we found that sulfated polysaccharide binding to 3CLpro might block the virus replication. Hence, we hypothesize that negative charged pectin glycan may also impede the virus replication. Here we show that 922 crude polysaccharide from Syzygium aromaticum may near completely block SARS-CoV-2 replication. The inhibition rate was 99.9% (EC50 : 0.90 μM). Interestingly, 922 can associates with 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. We further show that the homogeneous glycan 922211 from 922 may specifically attenuate 3CL protease activity. The IC50s of 922 and 922211 against 3CLpro are 4.73 ± 1.05 µM and 0.18 ± 0.01 µM, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis reveals that 922211 with molecular weight of 78.7 kDa is composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 8.21 : 37.81 : 3.58 : 4.49. The structure characterization demonstrated that 922211 is a homogalacturonan linked to RG-I pectin polysaccharide. The linear homogalacturonan part in the backbone may be partly methyl esterified while RG-I type part bearing 1, 4-linked α-GalpA, 1, 4-linked α-GalpAOMe and 1, 2, 4-linked α-Rhap. There are four branches attached to C-1 or C4 position of Rhamnose glycosyl residues on the backbone. The branches are composed of 1, 3-linked β-Galp, terminal (T)-linked β-Galp, 1, 5-linked α-Araf, T-linked α-Araf, 4-linked α-GalpA and/or 4-linked β-GalpA. The above results suggest that 922 and 922211 might be a potential novel leading compound for anti-SARS-CoV-2 new drug development.
Dopamine-induced pruning in Monocyte-Derived-Neuronal-like cells (MDNCs) from patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Bellon Alfredo , Feuillet Vincent , Cortez-Resendiz Alonso , Mouaffak Faycal , Kong Lan , Hong L. Elliot , De Godoy Lilian , Jay Therese M. , Hosmalin Anne , Krebs Marie-Odile 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long lapse between the presumptive origin of schizophrenia (SCZ) during early development and its diagnosis in late adolescence has hindered the study of crucial neurodevelopmental processes directly in living patients. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter consistently associated with the pathophysiology of SCZ, participates in several aspects of brain development including pruning of neuronal extensions. Excessive pruning is considered the cause of the most consistent finding in SCZ, namely decreased brain volume. It is therefore possible that patients with SCZ carry an increased susceptibility to dopamine’s pruning effects and that this susceptibility would be more obvious in the early stages of neuronal development when dopamine pruning effects appear to be more prominent. Obtaining developing neurons from living patients is not feasible. Instead, we used Monocyte-Derived-Neuronal-like Cells (MDNCs) as these cells can be generated in only 20 days and deliver reproducible results. In this study, we expanded the number of individuals in whom we tested the reproducibility of MDNCs and deepened the neurostructural comparison between human developing neurons and these neuronal-like cells. Moreover, we studied MDNCs from 12 controls and 13 patients with SCZ. Patients’ cells differentiate more efficiently, extend longer secondary neurites and grow more primary neurites. In addition, MDNCs from a subset of patients expresses less D1R and prune more primary neurites when exposed to dopamine. Haloperidol did not influence our results but the role of other antipsychotics was not examined.
Factors associated with acceptance of a digital contact tracing application for COVID-19 in the Japanese working-age population
Authors: Ishimaru Tomohiro , Ibayashi Koki , Nagata Masako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Hino Ayako , Tsuji Mayumi , Ando Hajime , Muramatsu Keiji , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork Project
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine factors associated with acceptance of a Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) app for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Japanese working-age population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed for 27,036 full-time workers registered with an internet survey company during December 2020 in Japan.ResultsThe rate of downloading the DCT app was 25.1%. The DCT app was more likely to be accepted by people with married status, university graduation or above, higher income, and occupations involving desk work. Fear of COVID-19 transmission, wearing a mask, using hand disinfection, willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19, and presence of an acquaintance infected with COVID-19 were also associated with a greater likelihood of adopting the app.ConclusionsThe present findings have important implications for widespread adoption of DCT apps in working-age populations in Japan and elsewhere.
Biological Aging for Risk Prediction of First-Ever Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction in Advanced Age
Authors: Waziry Reem , Hofman Albert , Ghanbari Mohsen , Tiemeier Henning , Ikram M. Arfan , Viswanathan Anand , Klap Jaco , Ikram M. Kamran , Goudsmit Jaap 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSuccessful interventions to prevent cerebrovascular disease and stroke require early identification of persons at risk before clinical manifestation of disease. We assessed the predictive value of biological age (BA) as an early indicator for cerebrovascular disease and risk of first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cerebral infarction (CI) in advanced age and compared these relationships with commonly used biomarkers including tau and Aβ40 and Aβ42. The study included Individuals who consented for blood draw and follow-up. We computed biological age using structural equation modelling. The algorithm integrates biomarkers that represent six body systems involved in overall cerebrovascular health including metabolic function, cardiac function, lung function, kidney function, liver function, immunity and inflammation. Time to event analysis was conducted using Cox-regression models. Prediction analysis was conducted using Harrel’s C and Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sample included a total of 1699 individuals at baseline followed up over a median of 11 years. During a period of 15, 780 and 16, 172 person-years a total of 17 first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage and 83 cerebral infarction cases occurred. In time-to-event analysis, BA showed higher magnitude of associations with ICH compared to CA (HRBA-ICH:2.30, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.30; HRCA-ICH:1.40, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.53) and higher precision with CI (HRBA-CI:1.30, 95% CI: 1.01,1.75; HRCA-CI:1.90, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.66). BA outperformed CA for prediction of ICH (AUC: 0.68 vs 0.53; Harrel’s C: 0.72 vs 0.53) and for CI (AUC:0.63 vs 0.62; Harrel’s C: 0.68 vs 0.67). Biological aging based on integrated physiology biomarkers provides a novel tool for monitoring and identification of persons at highest risk of cerebrovascular disease in advanced age. Future studies should confirm these observations in bigger samples and further characterize aging mechanisms that contribute towards brain reserve and resilience among individuals with similar risk profiles.