bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Serum Drug Concentration Monitoring During the Treatment of Severe Rifampicin and Ethambutol Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Gao Wenying , Chen Ye , Fu Jiapeng , Liu Zhichao , Wang Jinghua , Ning Xianjia , Ke Xue , Li Guobao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite rifampicin and ethambutol being widely used to treat patients with tuberculosis, reports of potentially lethal overdoses of these drugs are rare. The toxic effects of rifampicin become apparent at doses of 9–12 g, and become potentially fatal at doses over 14 g. Case presentation: We describe a case of severe rifampicin (18 g) and ethambutol (25 g) poisoning that was successfully managed using hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) in conjunction with serum blood drug concentration monitoring. A 57-year-old female was rushed to the emergency room of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital (China) 4 hours after she ingested 120 tablets of rifampicin (18 g) and 100 tablets of ethambutol (25 g). After emergency symptom treatment, she was transferred to a ward where she presented in an irritable state, with orange–red skin and mucus membrane discoloration and slight yellowing of the sclera. The patient’s serum levels of rifampicin (177.2 mg/L), desacetylrifampicin (194.40 mg/L), and ethambutol (13.44 mg/L) were determined. After three cycles of HP and HDF, her serum drug levels had declined to within a normal range, and the color of her skin and mucosa gradually returned to normal. She was discharged from the hospital after a 4-day stay. Ten days after discharge, her follow-up bloodwork indicated normal liver and kidney functioning. Conclusions: HDF and HP are effective at clearing toxic levels of rifampicin. Serum drug concentration monitoring helps accurately guide drug poisoning treatment.
Occurrence,Distribution and Risk Assessment of Five Kinds of Antibiotics in Mattress on Swine Farm use Ectopic Fermentation Systems in Zhejiang Province
Authors: wei Zhou , decheng suo , fan xia , xiao zhiming , Zhang hangjun , Zhou zhijin , Huo xuan , Chong yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mattress is among the main products of ectopic fermentation system (EFS),however, the research on the data of antibiotic residues in the mattress of EFS and risk assessments of mattress have not been conducted. This study involved a scale survey to assess the levels and distributions of 54 antibiotics residues, including 4 tetracyclines, 19 quinolones, 22 sulfonamides, 3 amphenicols, and 6 macrolides in mattress on 12 swine farm that uses ectopic fermentation systems (EFS) in Zhejiang Province. A total of 25 antibiotics were detected in mattress, and the total residue amount of antibiotics in mattress samples of each farm was 0.77–28.2 g/T. Chlortetracycline had the highest contribution rate, and the residue amount of antibiotics in mattress is not entirely determined by the start-up time of EFS but is related to the use of feed containing antibiotics, medication habits, the level of mattress management, and maintenance methods of EFS. The risk assessments of antibiotics in the mattress were carried out. The results show low risk for soil on swine farm that uses EFS.
Association of the Trajectories of Metabolic Component and Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) Study
Authors: Huh Hyuk , Song Je Hun , Kim Yunmi , Kim Gwang Sil , Koo Hoseok , Yoo Kyung Don , Lee Jong Soo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) could cause and exacerbate metabolic disturbances, including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conversely, metabolic disturbances affect renal outcome and mortality in CKD patients. However, studies on the relationship between the pattern of metabolic disturbance and prognosis in CKD during the observation period are lacking.Methods: Through trajectory analysis, we found that subjects with CKD were divided into two groups in a pattern of metabolic disturbances over time. Subjects were divided into low (A) and high (B) groups using K-means clustering based blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measurement at two time-points. The optimal number of clustering was selected using the Calinski-Harabasz index. The outcome of our study was a decline in renal function and mortality.Results: This study is a large-scale retrospective study of 51,313 subjects with CKD from The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. The mean age of the subjects was 65.7±9.7 years, and 50.4% were male. During the study period, the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 127.8±15.8 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was maintained at 83.6±8.4 mmHg. Mean serum LDL cholesterol and TG levels were 196.4±40.9 and 147.1±89.8 mg/dL, respectively After clustering, the low group (A group) had the mean SBP of 118.9±10.9mmHg and a TG of 118.8±46.1 mg/dl. However, in the high group (B group), it was found that the mean SBP was maintained at 138.9 ± 13.2 mmHg, and the TG was maintained at was 266.1 ± 116.7 mg/dL. In logistic regression analysis, the high group of SBP was associated with the decline of renal function and increased mortality (odds ratios [OR] 1.13 95%confidence intervals (CI) 1.066-1.212). and the high group of TG was independently associated with a decrease in renal function (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.069-1.240). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the association of the pattern of metabolic disturbances with the prognosis of CKD over time. Additionally, it could be useful to control intensively SBP for renal outcome and mortality in CKD, and management of high TG could be necessary to improve renal outcome.
Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Children Vaccination Coverage in Ethiopia
Authors: Kitabo Cheru Atsmegiorgis , Bekele Adugna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) account for 17% of the global under-five mortality per annum and more than half of these deaths have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia is one of the ten countries which account for about 62% of unprotected children and one of the three countries (Ethiopia, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) in which half of the world’s child deaths have occurred are in sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study is to understand the current status of complete immunization coverage and examine its determinant factors among children in Ethiopia.Method: Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models have been utilized to realize the objectives of the research. The dataset used for this study comes from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The convergences of parameters are checked by using Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) using SPSS and MLwiN software. Results: The descriptive result revealed that, out of the 1929 children who are supposed to complete all basic childhood vaccines, 699 (36.2%) children were completely vaccinated, while 1230 (63.8%) children were incompletely vaccinated. Moreover, regions Afar, Somali and Gambela have the least proportion of vaccination coverage. Among the multilevel models, Bayesian random coefficient model is found to be a better model to estimate the vaccination coverage of children. Using this model, it has been found that factors like place of residence, maternal educational, mother occupation type, Antenatal Care (ANC) utilization, Postnatal Care (PNC) utilization, type of pregnancy, household wealth index, and field worker visit were found to be the significant factors that influences the vaccination coverage. Conclusion: In general, it has been estimated that the vaccination coverage in the country is relatively low and there was significant variation in the level of vaccination coverage in regions of the country.
Sustainable Environmental Management System in Food Crop Agriculture in Wonosobo District, Indonesia
Authors: Yusianto Rindra , Suprihatin Suprihatin , Hardjomidjojo Hartrisari , Marimin Marimin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The sustainability level needs to be measured and analyzed comprehensively using a representative measurement model. The main objective of this study was to develop a sustainable environmental management system for food crop agriculture. The proposed hybrid measurement model integrates the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) effects and geographic information systems (GIS) with the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed model was implemented in a potato farming system in six sub-districts in Wonosobo, Indonesia. From an environmental perspective, that is, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O), emissions were measured using the Raspberry Pi. Then, we added GHG spatial mapping by considering the environmental quality index. Sustainability levels were classified into three classes. We then measured the economic viability, social acceptance, and spatial perspective index (Si). The results showed that the value of sustainability was >0.1 without considering Si, meaning that all samples showed conditions above the threshold for sustainability. However, after adding Si, namely altitude, slope, soil texture, temperature, and rainfall, the N1 and N2 samples had values >0.1. In contrast, N4 and N6 showed values <0.1. The proposed model can measure and analyze the sustainability of a sustainable food crop system. This model has also successfully proposed a strategy by increasing environmental sustainability in the Garung sub-district using the ANP Super Decision. We propose an alternative strategy: government regulation, strengthening agricultural institutions, disseminating emissions and environmental aspects, and academic assistance. In future research, this model can be used to control CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Children in Rural Yunnan, China: a Population-based Study
Authors: Yao Hui , Song Qianqian , Zhang Qiongyue , Tang Guoyao , Liu Mingshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in children in a rural area in China as epidemiological data on these conditions from such areas are insufficient. Methods: A total of 3145 children in rural Yunnan were enrolled. A socio-economic questionnaire and a field survey of OMLs were administered. We gathered information on factors (sex, age, caregiver, parental education, and last-month household income) that might be associated with OMLs in these children.Results: OMLs in children in rural Yunnan had a prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI; 1.3–2.3%). The most prevalent OML was oral ulcer (n=11; 18.3%), followed by linea alba (n=10; 16.7%), whereas the least prevalent OMLs were frenal tag (n=1; 1.7%) and herpetic infection (n=1; 1.7%). On unadjusted or adjusted regression, school-aged children had about 50% lower risk of OMLs than preschoolers.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the prevalence of OMLs in rural Yunnan is lower than previously reported. Additionally, age might be associated with the risk of OMLs in children in rural Yunnan.
Young MSM Population Is Changing HIV Epidemic Pattern in Northeast China: a Seven-year Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Qing-Hai , Wang Jia-Ye , Liu Si-Yu , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Tang Zi-Yan , Li Dong-Ming , Wang Fu-Xiang , Chen Xiao-Hong , Liu Shu-Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China is featured by geographical diversity of epidemic patterns. Understanding the characteristics of regional HIV epidemic allows carrying out targeted prevention and control measures. However, in some regions of Northeast China, current HIV-1 epidemic feature is largely unknown.Methods: Information of 1006 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected participants were collected before antiretroviral therapy during 2010-2016 in Harbin city of Northeast China. HIV-1 genotype was identified based on the viral gag and env genes. Comparison analyses were made among different participant groups and sampling time periods to understand HIV-1 epidemic trend. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with immune status of participants.Results: Homosexual contact among men who have sex with men (MSM) was the main transmission route and CRF01_AE was the most dominant HIV-1 genotype. Newly diagnosed cases were getting younger, which was mainly due to the continuous increase in the proportion of young cases (aged < 30 years) among CRF01_AE-infected individuals, especially the CRF01_AE-infected MSM. The proportion of cases with good immune status (CD4 count > 500 cells/μl) continued to increase, and younger in age, HIV-1 infection via homosexual contact among MSM and infection by non-CRF01_AE genotype were positive factors for the good immune outcome.Conclusions: Young MSM have become a new vulnerable group for HIV-1 transmission in Northeast China. This group is changing local HIV-1 epidemic pattern. Measures for preventing and controlling HIV-1 infection among this population are urgently needed in the future.
Immunogenomic Intertumor Heterogeneity Across Primary and Metastatic Sites in a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Runzhe , Li Jun , Fujimoto Junya , Hu Xin , Quek Kelly , Tang Ming , Mitra Akash , Behrens Carmen , Chow Chi-Wan , Jiang Peixin , Little Latasha D. , Gumbs Curtis , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Tan Dongfeng , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio , Futreal P. Andrew , Gibbons Don L. , Byers Lauren A. , Zhang Jianjun , Reuben Alexandre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, partially owing to its extensive heterogeneity. The analysis of intertumor heterogeneity has been limited by an inability to concurrently obtain tissue from synchronous metastases unaltered by multiple prior lines of therapy. Methods: In order to study the relationship between genomic, epigenomic and T cell repertoire heterogeneity in a rare autopsy case from a 32-year-old female never-smoker with late-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we did whole-exome sequencing (WES), DNA methylation and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize the immunogenomic landscape of one primary and 19 synchronous metastatic tumors. Results: We observed heterogeneous mutation, methylation, and T cell patterns across distinct metastases including a set of prevalent T cell clonotypes which were completely excluded from left-side thoracic tumors. Though a limited number of predicted neoantigens were shared, these were associated with homology of the T cell repertoire across metastases. Lastly, ratio of methylated neoantigen coding mutations was negatively associated with T-cell density, richness and clonality, suggesting neoantigen methylation may partially drive immunosuppression. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates heterogeneous genomic and T cell profiles across synchronous metastases and how restriction of unique T cell clonotypes within an individual may differentially shape the genomic and epigenomic landscapes of synchronous lung metastases.
Effect of Heat Treatment ZA-27 Alloy On Microstructure &amp; Damping Properties
Authors: Maree Sayed , kandil Amr A. , wasly Hamdy S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An objective of this work, investigate effect of heat treatment on microstructure and damping behaviour of ZA-27 alloy, using dynamic mechanical analyzer. ZA-27 alloys were fabricated and solid solution treatment at 120, 240 and 360 °C for 1 hr. Microstructure and physical properties of alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Results observed that microstructure of ZA27 alloy manufactured as_cast was composed of α ، β ، η and ε phases, then decomposed to β phase at 360 oC. DMA properties as: Storage modulus, Loss modulus and Damping capacity were studied both of ZA27 alloy as-cast and heat treatment at temperature range from Room Temperature to 300 oC. Results indicate that specific damping capacity and loss modulus of both as-cast and heat treatment alloy alloys decreased with increases in temperature, but storage modulus decreased with temperature.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Kaijian , Dong Yi , Deng Zhen , Zhang Wei , Shen Hongfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are closely related to tumors, and the functions of T cells and B cells are related to tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis. Conventional second-generation sequencing cannot distinguish the characteristics of various peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets, so it is impossible to study PBMCs accurately. Recently, single-cell sequencing technology has improved, and it provides a tool to study immune cells in circulating blood.
Methods

PBMCs from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were sequenced to explore the characteristics of PBMC subsets in patients with renal cell carcinoma, mainly B cells and Treg cells, to study the relationship between renal cell carcinoma and peripheral blood immune cells.
Results

our PBMC study of RCC patients successfully separated several types of immune cells from the blood. PBMCs can map the tumor to a certain extent.
Conclusions

We can expand the samples based on the current research, and further research will discover more meaningful information related to cancer.
Chlorogenic Acid Alleviated Liver Dysfunction Through Activating PINK1/Parkin Dependent Mitophagy
Authors: Hu Bang-yan , Li Jin , Gong Dao-yin , Dai Yuan , Wan Li-hong , Xu Shijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects. It could improve mitochondrial dysfunction that was a key feature of acetaminophen (APAP) -induced liver injury. This study aimed to identify whether promoting mitophagy was associated with the hepatocyte protection for CGA.Methods: Acute hepatic injury model was induced by APAP in mice after CGA administration for 14 days. Survival rate was recoded within 24h of modeling. Serum aminotransferase, hepatic histopathology and TUNEL assays were simultaneously performed. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and mitophagy-related genes and proteins (LC3Ⅱ, P62, PINK1 and Parkin) were analyzed. The fluorescence co-localization of LC3Ⅱ and Tom20 was analyzed with immunofluorescence.Results: Compared with APAP group, CGA pretreatment significantly increased survival rate of APAP-induced mice, inhibited the activity of ALT, AST and LDH in serum, and alleviated pathological features of liver such as inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of liver cells and vacuolation (p<0.05). Moreover, our data from the TUNEL and western blotting analysis showed that CGA significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells and reversed the elevated Bax level and decreased Bcl-2 level(p<0.05). Furthermore, we found that CGA promoted the fluorescence co-localization of LC3Ⅱ and Tom20 and enhanced the protein expression of LC3Ⅱ (p<0.05). Finally, CGA significantly promoted mitophagy by exhibiting the increased gene and protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that CGA promoted PINK1/Parkin dependent mitophagy and inhibited hepatic apoptosis to exert protection against liver damage in APAP-induced mice.
MEK1/2 Inhibitors Induce Class 1 Alcoholic Dehydrogenase (ADH1) Expression by Regulating Farnesoid X Receptor
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Yang Yanfang , Chen Yuanli , Duan Yajun , Han Jihong , Yang Xiaoxiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Alcohol is mainly catabolized by class 1 alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) in liver. ADH deficiency can aggravate ethanol-induced tissue injury. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) is involved in alcohol metabolism. However, the relationship between ERK1/2 and ADH1 remains unclear. Methods and Results: To inhibit ERK1/2, HepG2 and BNL cells were treated with mitogen-activated protein kinases 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors (U0126 and PD98059), and C57BL/6J mice were fed U0126. After treatment, the protein and mRNA expression of ADH1 were determined by Western blot and quantitative real time-PCR. The activity of ADH1 promoter was detected using luciferase assay. The results showed MEK1/2 inhibitors significantly increased ADH1 protein expression by inducing its transcription activity. Then we found a putative farnesoid X receptor (FXR) response element (FXRE) sequence in ADH1 promoter by completing a sequence alignment analysis. To test whether FXR mediates the induction of MEK1/2 inhibitors on ADH1, HepG2 cells were transfected with FXR siRNA or ADH1 promoters with FXRE mutation. We found both FXR siRNA and FXRE mutation in ADH1 promoter abolished MEK1/2 inhibitors-induced ADH1 expression, indicating the activation of MEK1/2 inhibitors on ADH1 depends on FXR.Conclusions: Our findings revealed inhibition of ERK1/2 can significantly increase ADH1 expression, indicating MEK1/2 inhibitors may possess potential application in alcohol-related diseases.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Ocular Ischemic Syndrome in Patients with Complete Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Hao Xiaofeng , Wang Chen , Xie Like 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose Ocular ischemic syndrome could lead to irreversible blindness and death. To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for ocular ischemic syndrome in patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion.Methods This retrospective study included 55 patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion from January 2016 to January 2021 in our hospital. Ophthalmic evaluations and blood test results were recorded.Results Thirty-four (61.8%) eyes with homolateral complete internal carotid artery occlusion were diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome. Among the 34 first-visit cases in the Department of Ophthalmology, 32 were misdiagnosed with other ocular diseases. A lower D-dimer level (odds ratio = 0.007, 95% confidence interval: 0.000-0.182) was associated with the presence of ocular ischemic syndrome in patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion.Conclusions Ophthalmologists should pay close attention to patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion and suspected or confirmed ocular ischemic syndrome, especially those with lower D-dimer levels.
Cinnamyl alcohol: host-recognizing kairomone of the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa
Authors: Yang Chang Yeol , Seo Mi Hye , Yoon Jung Beom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Flower-inhabiting thrips find hosts using olfactory and visual cues. In this study, we report the identification of a plant-produced kairomone of the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), an important agricultural pest in northeast Asia. GC-MS analysis of solid-phase microextraction samples from blueberry flowers, Vaccinium corymbosum L., that mediate the attraction of adult F. intonsa revealed that the major component was cinnamyl alcohol, followed by cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, germacrene D, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, and benzyl benzoate. The biological activity of the floral compounds was investigated using commercial cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, β-caryophyllene, cinnamyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fields. Significantly more F. intonsa males and females were caught in red delta traps with cinnamyl alcohol than in all other traps. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate attracted adult F. intonsa but were not as attractive as cinnamyl alcohol. β-Caryophyllene and benzyl benzoate were not attractive. Furthermore, the addition of four minor components to cinnamyl alcohol did not result in increased trap catches relative to cinnamyl alcohol alone, indicating that cinnamyl alcohol is responsible for attracting adult F. intonsa toward blueberry flowers. Therefore, this phenylpropanoid could be used as a selective, effective lure for monitoring and controlling F. intonsa.