bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freestanding Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons with Hierarchical Porosity for Environmental Applications: A Green Templating Route with Bio‐Based Precursors
Authors: Mohseni Mojtaba , Utsch Nikolai , Marcks Christian , Demeestere Kristof , Du Laing Gijs , Yüce Süleyman , Keller Robert G. , Wessling Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPowdery hierarchical porous carbons serve as cost‐effective, functional materials in various fields, namely energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and water/wastewater treatment. Such powdered activated carbons (PAC) limit new module designs and require further preparation steps, for example, adding polymeric binders, to be shaped into a standalone geometry. Polymeric binders, however, can block PACs’ catalytic and active sites and, more importantly, pose the risk of secondary pollution for environmental purposes, especially in the context of clean water supply. This study introduces a novel synthesis method for fabricating freestanding nitrogen‐doped carbons with hierarchical porosity using chitosan and sucrose as green precursors. Chitosan supplies nitrogen and acts as a backbone, giving a freestanding geometry to the final product, and sucrose is a carbon‐rich precursor. The proposed method employs ice‐ and hard‐templating for macropores and mesopores and combines carbonization and activation steps with no required activating agent. Final freestanding carbons function as adsorbents for removing persistent pollutants, as binder‐free electrodes with high specific surface area and capacitive current, and as tubular gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction reactions. These freestanding carbons enable new module designs and can be scaled‐up by numbering‐up, serving as bio‐based functional materials for a wide range of applications involving porous heteroatom‐doped carbons.
Geochronology and petrogenesis of Triassic low‐Ti mafic intrusions in Funing: Implications for the tectonic evolution of Nanpanjiang Basin, SW China
Authors: Jiang Wen , Yan Quanren , Xia Wenjing , Deng Li 
Published: August 2021

The Nanpanjiang Basin, one of the largest Triassic turbidite basins in the South China Block, has long been disputed with respect to its tectonic affinity. To better understand the tectonic processes of the basin, we conducted geological mapping, geochronological, and geochemical studies on the mafic intrusions (the Anding group) in Funing emplaced within the southern Nanpanjiang Basin. The Anding group mafic intrusions in Funing consist of gabbronorite and gabbroic diorite, and they are characterized by low TiO2 (0.54–1.18 wt%) and Ti/Y ratios (162–222), low (La/Yb)CN ratios (3.28–4.19), flat REE patterns, pronounced negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies. These mafic intrusions can be further divided into two subgroups: the Group 1 at 244 ± 3 Ma and the Group 2 at 224 ± 2 Ma. The Group 1 exhibits negative Eu anomalies, high Th/Hf ratios (1.61–1.91), high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.708710–0.711843), and low εNd(t) values (−6.70 to −7.82), while the Group 2 exhibits positive Eu anomalies, lower Th/Hf ratios (1.05–1.07), lower (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.708397–0.708425) and higher εNd (t) values (−3.28 to −3.21). Both the Group 1 and Group 2 are derived from partial melting of spinel‐bearing lithospheric mantle and formed at an intracontinental back‐arc setting. These results, combined with regional considerations, support a new model that the Triassic Nanpanjiang Basin is an intracontinental back‐arc extensional basin triggered by the westward subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate, and the Triassic magmatism in Funing was a response to the extension.
Exploring reported genes of microglia RNA‐sequencing data: Uses and considerations
Authors: van Wageningen Thecla A. , Gerrits Emma , Palacin i Bonson Sara , Huitinga Inge , Eggen Bart J. L. , van Dam Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advent of RNA‐sequencing techniques has made it possible to generate large, unbiased gene expression datasets of tissues and cell types. Several studies describing gene expression data of microglia from Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis have been published, aiming to generate more insight into the role of microglia in these neurological diseases. Though the raw sequencing data are often deposited in open access databases, the most accessible source of data for scientists is what is reported in published manuscripts. We observed a relatively limited overlap in reported differentially expressed genes between various microglia RNA‐sequencing studies from multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's diseases. It was clear that differences in experimental set up influenced the number of overlapping reported genes. However, even when the experimental set up was very similar, we observed that overlap in reported genes could be low. We identified that papers reporting large numbers of differentially expressed microglial genes generally showed higher overlap with other papers. In addition, though the pathology present within the tissue used for sequencing can greatly influence microglia gene expression, often the pathology present in samples used for sequencing was underreported, leaving it difficult to assess the data. Whereas reanalyzing every raw dataset could reduce the variation that contributes to the observed limited overlap in reported genes, this is not feasible for labs without (access to) bioinformatic expertise. In this study, we thus provide an overview of data present in manuscripts and their supplementary files and how these data can be interpreted.
Ayahuasca may help to improve self‐compassion and self‐criticism capacities
Authors: Domínguez‐Clavé Elisabet , Soler Joaquim , Elices Matilde , Franquesa Alba , Álvarez Enric , Pascual Juan C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAyahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better understood due to the growing research interest in identifying new potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of emotion dysregulation and other disorders. Previous studies suggest that ayahuasca enhances mindfulness‐related capacities (decentering, non‐judging, non‐reacting and acceptance) and emotion regulation. The aim of the present exploratory study was to determine the effects of ayahuasca on self‐compassion in a community sample.MethodsWe administered validated questionnaires (the Self‐Compassion Scale‐Short Form and Forms of Self‐Criticism and Self‐Reassurance) to evaluate pre‐post changes in self‐compassion and self‐criticism/self‐reassurance in 45 volunteers (27 women; 60%) before and after (≤24 h) an ayahuasca ceremony. Most participants (n = 29; 67.4%) had previously used ayahuasca.ResultsAyahuasca resulted in significant improvements, with medium to large effect sizes (η2 = 0.184–0.276), in measures of self‐compassion (p < 0.05), self‐criticism (p < 0.01) and self‐reassurance (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that ayahuasca promotes well‐being and self‐compassion, which could have a therapeutic effect on individuals with negative affect and other psychopathological conditions. Large, controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Donor‐derived M2 macrophages attenuate GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hanaki Ryo , Toyoda Hidemi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Morimoto Mari , Nakato Daisuke , Ito Takahiro , Niwa Kaori , Amano Keishiro , Hashizume Ryotaro , Tawara Isao , Hirayama Masahiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is frequent and fatal complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and characteristically involves skin, gut, and liver. Macrophages promote tissue regeneration and mediate immunomodulation. Macrophages are divided into two different phenotypes, classically activated M1 (pro‐inflammatory or immune‐reactive macrophages) and alternatively activated M2 (anti‐inflammatory or immune‐suppressive macrophages). The anti‐inflammatory effect of M2 macrophage led us to test its effect in the pathophysiology of GVHD.MethodsGVHD was induced in lethally irradiated BALB/c mice. M2 macrophages derived from donor bone marrow (BM) were administered intravenously, while controls received donor BM‐mononuclear cells and splenocytes. Animals were monitored for clinical GVHD and analyzed.ResultsWe confirmed that administering donor BM‐derived M2 macrophages attenuated GVHD severity and prolonged survival after HSCT. Moreover, donor BM‐derived M2 macrophages significantly suppressed donor T cell proliferation by cell‐to‐cell contact in vitro.ConclusionsWe showed the protective effects of donor‐derived M2 macrophages on GVHD and improved survival in a model of HSCT. Our data suggest that donor‐derived M2 macrophages offer the potential for cell‐based therapy to treat GVHD.
Insights into Proton Coupled Electron Transfer in the Field of Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Pann Johann , Viertl Wolfgang , Roithmeyer Helena , Pehn Richard , Hofer Thomas S. , Brüggeller Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis with respect to water splitting is usually divided into water oxidation catalysis (WOC) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Though in the combined redox dissociation of water into oxygen and hydrogen no protons and electrons occur, both half reactions show photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer (PCET). Regarding a classical approach, photosensitizers (PS) deliver electrons and protons that are accepted by water reduction catalysts (WRC) containing suitable basic atoms like nitrogen working as proton relays. However, the mechanisms of PCET reactions differ, where concerted proton electron transfer (CPET) is an elementary step. In CPET simultaneous electron and proton transfer occurs in the femtoseconds range, being rapid when compared to the periods for coupled vibrations and solvent modes. This has to be distinguished from stepwise electron and proton transfer, leading to underlying thermodynamics of the intermediates. DFT calculations based on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data help to specify the different reaction pathways. A plethora of experimental procedures are used in order to verify the theoretical predictions. Among them femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopic measurements play an important role. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) has proven to be also a powerful tool. In the case of electrochemical PCET rotating‐disk electrode voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry complete the experimental tools. In this minireview a selection of examples, where PCET occurs is discussed with respect to possible mechanisms and used methods.
Dynamic treatment effects of job training
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge , Saltiel Fernando , Urzúa Sergio 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper estimates the dynamic returns to job training. We posit a model of sequential training participation, where decisions and outcomes depend on observed and unobserved characteristics. We analyze different treatment effects, including policy relevant parameters, and link them to continuation values and latent skills. The empirical analysis exploits administrative data combining job training records, matched employee‐employer information, and pre‐labor market ability measures from Chile. Although the average returns to training are small, these vary across the unobserved ability distribution and previous training choices. In fact, among young workers, the returns to training are lower when followed by additional training, providing evidence of dynamic substitutability. Policy experiments illustrate how increasing the local availability of training programs may affect earnings heterogeneously across dynamic responses.
Assessing the performance of a plateletpheresis unit at a tertiary‐care academic medical center in Mexico: A 6‐year experience
Authors: Jaime‐Pérez José C. , Beltrán‐López Ana L. , Alvarado‐Navarro Dalila M. , Espinoza‐Mares Martín , Ancer‐Rodríguez Jesús , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimization of platelet (PLT) apheresis collection is a priority to satisfy the increasing demand of hemato‐oncology patients. We assessed the performance of a plateletpheresis unit supporting hematology patients.Study design and methodsThis descriptive retrospective study included 561 plateletpheresis collections from 2013 to 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used. A 5‐item satisfaction questionnaire was analyzed.ResultsNinety percent of the donors were males. The median plateletpheresis time was 89 minutes; its success rate was 92.5%; median donor PLT count was 232 × 109/L, women median PLT count was 247 × 109/L vs 231x109/L in men (P = .017). Seventy‐seven percent donors were candidates for a double product and 24.5% were processed; 20.8% of these donors had a weight ≤75 and 79.2% >75 kg, P = .003, and 6.6% were women and 93.4% men, P = .161. Thirty‐six of donors had ≥250 × 109/L and 16.8% was processed as a triple product. ROC analysis showed that with donor PLT counts ≥200 × 109/L the sensitivity for obtaining double products was 0.981 and specificity 0.714, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.877. The adverse effect rate was 4.3%. Of the potential donors, 6.3% were rejected. The cost of processing single or double products was 430 USD. Comfort and time spent during plateletpheresis were areas for improvement.ConclusionPlatelet count and donor weight predicted PLT yield and obtaining double products. Women had higher PLT counts, but no significant difference was found between donor gender and processed products. Assessment of the apheresis unit can help to improve its performance.
CAN: A new program to streamline preparation of molecular coordinate files for molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Parkman Jacob A. , Barksdale Caleb A. , Michaelis David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreparing molecular coordinate files for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be a very time‐consuming process. Herein we present the development of a user‐friendly program that drastically reduces the time required to prepare these molecular coordinate files for MD software packages such as AmberTools. Our program, known as charge atomtype naming (CAN), creates and uses a library of structures such as amino acid monomers to update the charge, atom type, and name of atoms in any molecular structure (mol2) file. We demonstrate the utility of this new program by rapidly preparing structural files for MD simulations for polypeptides ranging from small molecules to large protein structures. Both native and non‐native amino acid residues are easily handled by this new program.
ePharmer: An integrated and graphical software for pharmacophore‐based virtual screening
Authors: Mao Yuxia , Li Shiliang , Gong Bojie , Lai Luhua , He Gaoqi , Li Honglin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPharmacophore‐based virtual screening (VS) has emerged as an efficient computer‐aided drug design technique when appraising multiple ligands with similar structures or targets with unknown crystal structures. Current pharmacophore modeling and analysis software suffers from inadequate integration of mainstream methods and insufficient user‐friendly program interface. In this study, we propose a stand‐alone, integrated, graphical software for pharmacophore‐based VS, termed ePharmer. Both ligand‐based and structure‐based pharmacophore generation methods were integrated into a compact architecture. Fine‐grained modules were carefully organized into the computing, integration, and visualization layers. Graphical design covered the global user interface and specific user operations including editing, evaluation, and task management. Metabolites prediction analysis with the chosen VS result is provided for preselection of wet experiments. Moreover, the underlying computing units largely adopted the preliminary work of our research team. The presented software is currently in client use and will be released for both professional and nonexpert users. Experimental results verified the favorable computing capability, user convenience, and case performance of the proposed software.
Investigating metal‐enhanced fluorescence effect on fluorescein by gold nanotriangles and nanocubes using time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Xue‐Feng , Lai Chien‐Chang , Lee Yin‐Yu , Kuo Chun‐Hong , Chen I‐Chia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGold nanotriangles (AuNTs) and nanocubes (NCs) coated with silica shell and fluorescein were synthesized to study the effects of metal‐enhanced fluorescence. The interaction between gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and fluorescein with silica shells of different thicknesses as spacers was investigated by using time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. From the biexponential decay of fluorescence of fluorophore and the kinetic mechanism for the interaction, we obtained the rate constants of energy transfer processes. Both energy transfer rates from fluorophore to the bright and dark modes of gold nanoparticles decreased with distance d (= silica thickness) with a dependence ∝ d−n and n ≈ 2. The rate constant of nanosurface energy transfer kNEST, considering dipolar interaction between fluorophore and metal surface, has an estimated value 1.7 times slower at d = 9 nm and about four times slower at 25 nm than the obtained rate constant for energy transfer from fluorophore to GNP dipolar mode in the AuNT system. For the AuNC system, the rate constants are greater than the AuNT system because of better spectral overlap between emission of fluorescein and surface plasmon resonance.
Anxiety, anger, and mindfulness as predictors of general health in the general population during COVID‐19 outbreak: A survey in southeast Iran
Authors: Malakoutikhah Alireza , Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Salehi Derakhtanjani Ahmad , Dehghan Mahlagha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCommunities have been exposed to the complications and problems caused by COVID‐19 disease, which has had various and complex effects on general health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, anger, mindfulness, and general health in the general population during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Iran. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 456 participants from September 2020 to April 2021. For data collection, Demographic Characteristics Form, General Health Questionnaire, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory‐Short Form, The trait anxiety section of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, The State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory‐2 were used. General health was positively correlated with anxiety and anger and negatively correlated with mindfulness. Anxiety was positively correlated with anger and negatively correlated with mindfulness. No significant correlation was found between anger and mindfulness. Based on the multiple regression model, anxiety, anger and a family member infected with COVID‐19 were the predictors of general health (p < 0.001). Given that anxiety, anger, and family members infected with COVID‐19 are all predictors of public health, it is suggested that psychological programs and interventions be designed to reduce anxiety and anger, as well as to support family members infected with COVID‐19, to promote general health.
Impact of Switching on Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Biologics and Interchangeability Assessment—A Simulation Study
Authors: Ji Ping , Ren Yupeng , Li Liang , Schrieber Sarah J. , Pisal Dipak , Hallett William , Wang Yaning , Sahajwalla Chandrahas G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe risk in terms of safety or diminished efficacy of switching between an originator biological product and a proposed interchangeable product is an important consideration for interchangeability evaluation in the regulatory framework. This simulation study evaluated the impact of several switching study design scenarios on the pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment between a virtual originator biological product and a virtual proposed interchangeable product. Our results show that (1) at least 3 switches are needed to optimize the detection of potential PK differences, (2) the initial incidence of antidrug antibodies after treatment with the reference product in the lead‐in period is a significant covariate affecting the PK results, and (3) the area under the concentration‐time curve is more sensitive than peak concentration in assessing the impact of switching on PK similarity. Our simulation work illustrates that a range of factors should be carefully considered when designing a switching study for the assessment of interchangeability between 2 biological products.
Androgens alter the heterogeneity of small extracellular vesicles and the small RNA cargo in prostate cancer
Authors: Martens‐Uzunova Elena S. , Kusuma Gina D. , Crucitta Stefania , Lim Hong Kiat , Cooper Crystal , Riches James E. , Azad Arun , Ochiya Takahiro , Boyle Glen M. , Southey Melissa C. , Del Re Marzia , Lim Rebecca , Ramm Grant A. , Jenster Guido W. , Soekmadji Carolina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells are driven by the androgen receptor (AR) upon binding to androgen steroid hormones. Manipulating the AR signalling axis is the focus for prostate cancer therapy; thus, it is crucial to understand the role of androgens and AR on extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion and cargo. In this study, we report that plasma‐derived circulating vesicles consisting of CD9 and double‐positive for CD9 and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) are increased in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer, whereas double positives for CD9 and CD63 small extracellular vesicles (S‐EVs) are significantly higher in patients with localised prostate cancer. Androgen manipulation by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the clinical antagonist enzalutamide (ENZ) altered the heterogeneity and size of CD9 positive S‐EVs in AR expressing prostate cancer cells, while assessment of the total number and protein cargo of total S‐EVs was unaltered across different treatment groups. Furthermore, hormone stimulation caused strong and specific effects on the small RNA cargo of S‐EVs. A total of 543 small RNAs were found to be regulated by androgens including miR‐19‐3p and miR‐361‐5p. Analysis of S‐EVs heterogeneity and small RNA cargo may provide clinical utility for prostate cancer and be informative to understand further the mechanism of resistance to androgen targeted therapy in castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
Indigenous farmers' perception of climate change and the use of local knowledge to adapt to climate variability: A case study of Vietnam
Authors: Manh Nguyen The , Ahmad Mokbul Morshed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research investigated indigenous farmers' perception of climate change and the use of local knowledge for climate change adaptation. Survey and focus group discussion methods were used to collect data from 362 respondents. Logit model was employed to determine the factors influencing farmers' perception of climate change. Results show that farmers are aware of the climate variability citing hotter weather and unpredictable rain. Farmers use local knowledge and local agricultural practices to adapt to climate change. Moreover, farmers' perception of climate change was determined by many factors such as education, location and income. The results suggest that policymakers should consider local knowledge, farmers' perception of climate change and other contributing factors when designing and formulating policies for indigenous farmers.