bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of droplet microfluidics capable of quantitative estimation of single-cell multiplex proteins
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Yang Guang , Zhang Ting , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study presented constriction microchannel based droplet microfluidics realizing quantitative measurements of multiplex types of single-cell proteins with high throughput. Cell encapsulation with evenly distributed fluorescence labelled antibodies stripped from targeted proteins by proteinase K was injected into the constriction microchannel with the generated fluorescence signals captured and translated into protein numbers leveraging the equivalent detection volume formed by constriction microchannels in both droplet measurements and fluorescence calibration. In order to form the even distribution of fluorescence molecules within each droplet, the stripping effect of proteinase K to decouple binding forces between targeted proteins and fluorescence labelled antibodies was investigated and optimized. Using this microfluidic system, binding sites for beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tubulin were measured as 1.15 ± 0.59 × 106, 2.49 ± 1.44 × 105, and 2.16 ± 1.01 × 105 per cell of CAL 27 (N
cell = 15 486), 0.98 ± 0.58 × 106, 1.76 ± 1.34 × 105 and 0.74 ± 0.74 × 105 per cell of Hep G2 (N
cell = 18 266). Neural net pattern recognition was used to differentiate CAL 27 and Hep G2 cells, producing successful rates of 59.4% (beta-actin), 64.9% (alpha-tubulin), 88.8% (beta-tubulin), and 93.0% in combination, validating the importance of quantifying multiple types of proteins. As a quantitative tool, this approach could provide a new perspective for single-cell proteomic analysis.
Polarization control of attosecond pulses using bi-chromatic elliptically polarized laser
Authors: Rajpoot Rambabu , Holkundkar Amol R , Bandyopadhyay Jayendra N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the high harmonic generation (HHG) using elliptically polarized two-color driving fields. The HHG via bi-chromatic counter-rotating laser fields is a promising source of circularly polarized ultrashort XUV radiation at the attosecond time scale. The ellipticity or the polarization of the attosecond pulses (APs) can be tweaked by modifying the emitted harmonics’ ellipticity, which can be controlled by varying the driver fields. A simple setup is used to control the polarization of the driving fields, which eventually changes the ellipticity of the APs. A well-defined scaling for the ellipticity of the AP as a function of the rotation angle of the quarter-wave plate is also deduced by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in two dimensions. The scaling can further be explored to obtain the APs of the desired degree of polarization, ranging from linear to elliptical to circular polarization.
Low energy electron scattering from pyridine using a Surko trap and beam
Authors: Stevens D , Babij T J , Machacek J R , Sullivan J P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents measurements of low energy electron scattering from pyridine. The low energy positron beamline at the Australian National University was used for these measurements, with a change in operational parameters allowing for the measurement of electron scattering processes. We have collected data for the low energy total cross section for electron scattering, as well as measurements of the differential cross sections for electrons up to 3 eV impact energy. The operation of the beamline will be briefly outlined and data are compared to R-matrix and Schwinger multichannel theoretical calculations, as well as previous experimental data.
Modulation and optimization of terahertz absorption in micro-cavity quantum well structures by graphene grating
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Zhao Qiang , Chen Pingping , Wang Jiqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Metal–insulator–metal-based plasmonic microcavities have attracted widespread interest due to their ability to manipulate and concentrate photons on the sub-wavelength scale. However, noble metals suffer from large intrinsic loss and lack active tunability. Here, a micro-cavity structure of a quantum well sandwiched between a periodic top contact of graphene grating and a bottom contact of graphene is proposed. Graphene plasmons provide a suitable alternative for metal plasmons and have the advantage of being highly tunable by electrostatic gating. The effect of changes in both the physical graphene and the device’s structural parameters on optimized absorption performance is systematically analyzed through the calculation of reflectivity curves of incident light. Our results indicate that the intersubband absorption of the device can be improved by adjusting the parameters of both the graphene material and the device structure. Furthermore, the cavity resonant mode excited by surface plasmon polaritons can be tuned to the response frequency of the quantum well under optimized parameters. Intersubband absorption is almost 1.5 times higher than that of a micro-cavity structure that uses metal grating.
Spatiotemporally resolved measurements of electric field around a piezoelectric transformer using electric-field induced second harmonic (E-FISH) generation
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Barnat Edward V , Im Seong-kyun , Go David B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When a piezoelectric transformer (PT) is actuated at its second harmonic frequency by a low input voltage, the generated electric field at the distal end can be sufficient to breakdown the surrounding gas, making them attractive power sources for non-equilibrium plasma generation. Understanding the potential and electric field produced in the surrounding medium by the PT is important for effectively designing and using PT plasma devices. In this work, the spatiotemporally resolved characteristics of the electric field generated by a PT operating in open air have been investigated using the femtosecond electric field-induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) method. Electric field components were determined by simultaneously conducting E-FISH measurements with the incident laser polarized in two orthogonal directions relative to the PT crystal. Results of this work demonstrate the spatial distribution of electric field around the PT’s output distal end and how it evolves as a function of time. Notably, the strongest electric field appears on the face of the PT’s distal surface, near the top and bottom edges and decreases by approximately 70% over 3 mm. The time delay between the PT’s input voltage and measured electric field indicates that there is an about 0.45π phase difference between the PT’s input voltage and output signal.
Defect characterization of heavy-ion irradiated AlInN/GaN on Si high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Challa S R , Witte H , Schmidt G , Bläsing J , Vega N , Kristukat C , Müller N A , Debray M E , Christen J , Dadgar A , Strittmatter A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The characteristic energies of traps in InAlN/AlN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor structures on Si(111) substrates formed after irradiation with 75 MeV S-ions are studied by means of c-lattice parameter analysis, vertical IV-characteristics, micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL), photocurrent (PC) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy. From the lattice parameter analysis, point defect formation is concluded to be the dominant source of defects upon irradiation. A strong compensation effect manifests itself through enhanced resistivity of the devices as found in vertical IV-measurements. Defect formation is detected optically by an additional PL-band within the green spectral region, while defect states with threshold energies at 2.9 eV and 2.65 eV were observed by PC spectroscopy. The TSC spectra exhibit two defect-related emissions between 300 K and 400 K with thermal activation energies of 0.78–0.82 eV and 0.91–0.98 eV, respectively. The data further supports the formation of Ga vacancies (V
Ga) and related complexes acting mainly as acceptors compensating the originally undoped n-type GaN buffer layers after irradiation.
Plasma degradation of trichloroethylene: process optimization and reaction mechanism analysis
Authors: Chang Tian , Ma Chuanlong , Nikiforov Anton , Veerapandian Savita K P , De Geyter Nathalie , Morent Rino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, a multi-pin-to-plate negative corona discharge reactor was employed to degrade the hazardous compound trichloroethylene (TCE). The response surface methodology was applied to examine the influence of various process factors (relative humidity (RH), gas flow rate, and discharge power) on the TCE decomposition process, with regard to the TCE removal efficiency, CO2 and CO selectivities. The variance analysis was used to estimate the significance of the single process factors and their interactions. It has been proved that the discharge power had the most influential impact on the TCE removal efficiency, CO2 and CO selectivities and subsequently the gas flow rate, and finally RH. Under the optimal conditions with 20.83% RH, 2 W discharge power and 0.5 l min–1 gas flow rate, the optimal TCE removal efficiency (86.05%), CO2 selectivity (8.62%), and CO selectivity (15.14%) were achieved. In addition, a possible TCE decomposition pathway was proposed based on the investigation of byproducts identified in the exhaust gas of the non-thermal plasma reactor. This work paves the way for control of chlorinated volatile organic compounds.
Fast magnetization reversal of a magnetic nanoparticle induced by cosine chirp microwave field pulse
Authors: Islam Md. Torikul , Akanda Md. Abdus Sami , Pikul Md. Abu Jafar , Wang Xiansi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate the magnetization reversal of single-domain magnetic nanoparticle driven by the circularly polarized cosine chirp microwave pulse (CCMP). The numerical findings, based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, reveal that the CCMP is by itself capable of driving fast and energy-efficient magnetization reversal. The microwave field amplitude and initial frequency required by a CCMP are much smaller than that of the linear down-chirp microwave pulse. This is achieved as the frequency change of the CCMP closely matches the frequency change of the magnetization precession which leads to an efficient stimulated microwave energy absorption (emission) by (from) the magnetic particle before (after) it crosses over the energy barrier. We further find that the enhancement of easy-plane shape anisotropy significantly reduces the required microwave amplitude and the initial frequency of CCMP. We also find that there is an optimal Gilbert damping for fast magnetization reversal. These findings may provide a pathway to realize the fast and low-cost memory device.
Observation of possible nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in organic two-dimensional Dirac fermion system
Authors: Kiswandhi Andhika , Osada Toshihito 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the observation of nonlinear anomalous Hall effect (NLAHE) in the multilayered organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 in the charge order (CO) insulating phase just under the critical pressure for transition into two-dimensional (2D) massless Dirac fermion (DF) phase. We successfully extracted the finite nonlinear Hall voltage proportional to square current at zero magnetic field. The observed NLAHE features, current direction dependence and correlation with CO, are consistent with the previous estimation assuming 2D massive DF with a pair of tilted Dirac cones. This is the first observation of topological transport in organic conductors, and also the first example of NLAHE in the electronic phase with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Study on the relationship between uniaxial strain and critical transition temperature of MgB2 based on first-principles
Authors: Yang Yong , Yue Tianbao , Wang Shenglong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It has been indicated the critical transition temperature (T
c) of MgB2 decreases with the increase of hydrostatic pressure, but this is a comprehensive T
c change after the multiaxial strain, and the influence of strain on T
c is not fully understood. In this paper, based on the McMillan superconducting calculation formula and the first-principles density functional theory, the T
c change and the properties of MgB2 such as energy band, Fermi surface, differential charge density, and phonon dispersion under uniaxial strain were studied, and the relationship between uniaxial strain and these properties was analyzed. The calculated T
c of MgB2 at zero strain was 38.35 K, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 39 K. When the a-axis strain was 1%, the T
c value could increase to 49.7 K, and there was a further improvement trend. When the a-axis compression strain was −1%, T
c decreases to 31.52 K. When the c-axis tension–compression strain was applied, the change of T
c value was small. Further analysis showed that the impact of a-axis strain on the differential charge density, electronic band structure, phonon dispersion, and other properties of MgB2 was significantly greater than that of c-axis strain, and the influence of these properties on T
c was discussed. The work in this paper has certain theoretical and guiding significance for preparing MgB2 with higher T
c and the study of the effect of uniaxial strain on T
c of superconducting materials.
Calibration model and numerical simulation of a 7-hole probe based on pressure–velocity parameterization equation
Authors: Yao Tao , Zhou Shu-dao , Wang Min , Zhang Yang-chun , Ye Song 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a sensor of a flow field detection system, a 7-hole probe can detect the flow field velocity and retrieve three-dimensional (3D) information of the flow field. Owing to its simple structure and strong environmental adaptability, it is particularly important to calibrate it when it is widely used in turbine machinery, aerospace, and other fields. To detect the 3D flow field in the middle atmosphere, a novel calibration method based on the potential flow theory is designed using a hemispherical 7-hole probe. The hemispherical 7-hole probe was numerically calibrated through numerical simulation, and the coefficients of the calibration equation are provided. In comparison with the traditional 7-hole probe calibration method, the calibration process is significantly shortened while maintaining good measurement accuracy. The velocity error was less than 5% and the angle error was approximately 0.5°.
A surface roughness grade recognition model for milled workpieces based on deep transfer learning
Authors: Su Jinzhao , Yi Huaian , Ling Lin , Wang Shuai , Jiao Yanming , Niu Yilun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many roughness measurement methods rely on designed feature indexes that cannot accurately characterize the roughness and are demanding on the workpiece imaging environment. Roughness measurement methods based on deep neural networks require huge numbers of training samples and the same data distribution for training samples and testing samples, which makes it difficult to achieve wide application in the machining industry. Deep AlexCORAL, a surface roughness grade recognition model for milled workpieces based on deep transfer learning, is proposed in this paper to automatically extract more general roughness-related features. It not only reduces the amount of data required by the model but also the difference in data distribution between the source domain (training set) and the target domain (testing set). The experimental results show that Deep AlexCORAL has 99.33% cross-domain recognition accuracy in a variety of cases with inconsistent data distribution due to various lighting environments. This is unmatched by other roughness grade recognition models.
Compressive nano-FTIR chemical mapping
Authors: Wübbeler Gerd , Marschall Manuel , Rühl Eckart , Kästner Bernd , Elster Clemens 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) combines infrared spectroscopy with scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques and enables spectroscopic imaging of molecular and electronic properties of matter at nanometer spatial resolution. The spectroscopic imaging can be used to derive chemical mappings, i.e. the spatial distribution of concentrations of the species contained in a given sample. However, due to the sequential scanning principle underlying SPM, recording the complete spectrum over a large spatial area leads to long measurement times. Furthermore, the acquired spectrum often contains additional signals from species and lineshape effects that are not explicitly accounted for. A compressive chemical mapping approach is proposed for undersampled nano-FTIR data that utilizes sparsity of these additional signals in the spectral domain. The approach combines a projection technique with standard compressed sensing, followed by a spatially regularized regression. Using real nano-FTIR measurements superimposed by simulated interferograms representing the chemical mapping of the contained species, it is demonstrated that the proposed procedure performs well even in cases in which the simulated interferograms and the sparse additional signals exhibit a strong spectral overlap.
Recent developments on an interferometric multilateration measurement system for large volume coordinate metrology
Authors: Rafeld Eva Katharina , Koppert Nils , Franke Matthias , Keller Frank , Heißelmann Daniel , Stein Martin , Kniel Karin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A mobile multilateration measurement system developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) around 2010 has been thoroughly investigated and refined to gain better performance with smaller uncertainties even when applied to the calibration of large complex workpieces. The mathematical background of multilateration and the propagation of uncertainties for the algorithms involved is explained in detail. Using the example of simple 1D and 2D measuring tasks, the influence of certain parameters characterizing the setup of the measurement system on the overall uncertainty is quantified. A strategy is developed to incorporate multi-stylus measurements which are often inevitable when workpieces feature complex shapes. The findings are verified on a large involute gear which is 2 m in diameter. All measurements are performed on PTB’s large coordinate measuring machine with a working range of

5

m

×
4

m

×
2

m

.
V2O5/NaV6O15 nanocomposites synthesized by molten salt method as a high-performances cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ran Yan , Hong Ping , Ren Jie , Wang Bingsen , Xiao Mingjing , Chen Yunhua , Xiao Xuechun , Wang Yude 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is a potential energy storage system due to its advantages of low cost, good safety, and high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1). However, the lack of cathode materials with long cycle stability severely restricts the development of ZIBs. In this paper, V2O5/ NaV6O15 nanocomposites are synthesized by molten salt method in one step and used as cathode material for ZIBs, which have good electrochemical performances. The specific capacity of the materials remain 160 mAh g−1 when the current density is 0.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, and the capacity retention rate is 102.03% when the current density is 5 A g−1 for 1000 cycles. This is mainly due to the large number of active sites generated by crystal defects and the synergistic interaction between the dual-phase materials, which reduces the stress of ions inserted/extracted during the Zn2+ storage process and improves the electrochemical performance.
Designing polymer coatings for lithium metal protection
Authors: Zhou Hongyao , Liu Ping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Protection of lithium metal has been one of the great challenges to realize a long-life, high-energy-density battery. Polymer coatings on lithium metal surface have been proven to be an effective protection method in terms of improved morphology, higher coulombic efficiency, and a longer cycle life. However, there is a variety of design principles of polymer coatings proposed by the research community, and the influence of polymer swelling in liquid electrolytes remains poorly understood. Herein we use crosslinking density and solvent–polymer interaction to quantitatively explain the mechanical property and the ion-transport property of polymer coatings when swollen in liquid electrolytes. Low crosslinking density is beneficial for reducing the rigidity and enhancing the viscosity of the polymer. Ion conductivity increases with the swelling ratio, and activation energy of lithium-ion transport increases in a polar polymer with strong ion–polymer coupling. We propose that polymer coatings must be combined with the emerging electrolytes with unconventional solvent compositions to realize a practical high-performance lithium metal battery. This study can provide design guidelines for polymer coatings through the optimized interactions with upcoming high-performance electrolytes.
Precise strain mapping of nano-twinned axial ZnTe/CdTe hetero-nanowires by scanning nanobeam electron diffraction
Authors: Kryvyi Serhii , Kret Slawomir , Wojnar Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of strain is inevitable for the growth of lattice mismatched heterostructures. It affects greatly the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of nano-objects. It is also the case for nanowires which are characterized by a high surface to volume ratio. Thus, the knowledge of the strain distribution in nano-objects is critically important for their implementation into devices. This paper presents an experimental data for II-VI semiconductor system. Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction strain mapping technique for hetero-nanowires characterized by a large lattice mismatch (>6% in the case of CdTe/ZnTe) and containing segments with nano-twins has been described. The spatial resolution of about 2 nm is 10 times better than obtained in synchrotron nanobeam systems. The proposed approach allows us to overcome the difficulties related to nanowire thickness variations during the acquisition of the nano-beam electron diffraction data. In addition, the choice of optimal parameters used for the acquisition of nano-beam diffraction data for strain mapping has been discussed. The knowledge of the strain distribution enables, in our particular case, the improvement of the growth model of extremely strained axial nanowires synthetized by vapor-liquid solid growth mechanism. However, our method can be applied for the strain mapping in nanowire heterostructures grown by any other method.
Interference-free SERS nanoprobes for labeling and imaging of MT1-MMP in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Dan , Li Anran , Di Yunsong , Wang Zhuyuan , Shi Jingzhan , Ni Xiaoqi , Wang Yiping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The expression of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in cancer cells is critical for understanding the development, invasion and metastasis of cancers. In this study, we devised an interference-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe with high selectivity and specificity for MT1-MMP. The nanoprobe was comprised of silver core-silica shell nanoparticle with a Raman reporter tag (4-mercaptobenzonitrile) embedded in the interface. Moreover, the nitrile group in 4-mercaptobenzonitrile shows a unique characteristic peak in the Raman-silent region (1800–2800 cm−1), which eliminates spectral overlapping or background interference in the Raman fingerprint region (500–1800 cm−1). After surface modification with a targeting peptide, the nanoprobe allowed visualization and evaluation of MT1-MMP in breast cancer cells via SERS spectrometry. This interference-free, peptide-functionalized SERS nanoprobe is supposed to be conducive to early diagnosis and invasive assessment of cancer in clinical settings.