bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abortion Access for Incarcerated People
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn , Jones Rachel K. , Beal Lauren , Mosher William D. , Bell Suzanne 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To understand abortion incidence among incarcerated people and the relation to prison and jail pregnancy policies.

METHODS:
We collected abortion numbers and policy data from convenience sample of 22 state prison systems, all Federal Bureau of Prisons sites, and six county jails that voluntarily reported monthly, aggregate pregnancy outcomes for 12 months in 2016–2017. Sites also completed a baseline survey of institution characteristics and pregnancy policies, including abortion. We reported facility policies and abortion incidence according to state-level abortion characteristics.

RESULTS:
Only half of state prisons in the study allowed abortion in both the first and second trimesters, and 14% did not allow abortion at all. Of the 19 state prisons permitting abortion, two thirds required the incarcerated woman to pay. Four jails of the six study jails (67%) allowed abortions in the first and second trimesters, and 25% of those required the incarcerated woman to pay for the procedure. The three prisons and two jails that did not allow abortions were in states considered hostile to abortion access. In the state and federal prisons studied, 11 of the 816 pregnancies (1.3%) that ended during the study time period were abortions. Of the 224 pregnancies that ended at study jails, 33 were abortions (15%), with more than half of those (55%) occurring in the first trimester. The abortion ratio (proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion) was 1.4% for prisons and 18% for jails.

CONCLUSION:
Although some incarcerated individuals have abortions, many prisons and jails have restrictive policies surrounding abortion, either through self-payment requirements or explicit prohibition. Findings from this study should prompt further inquiry into abortion incidence in these settings and address interventions to ensure incarcerated people, in accordance with legal requirements and health equity, have access to abortion.
Contraceptive Provision and Quality Care Measures for Insured Individuals in Massachusetts Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Wu Justine P. , Zhang Jianying , McKee Michael , Akobirshoev Ilhom , McKee Kimberly S. , Mitra Monika 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate contraceptive provision and contraceptive care quality measures for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing and compare these outcomes to those individuals who are not.

METHODS:
We conducted a claims analysis with data from the 2014 Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database. Among premenopausal enrollees aged 15–44, we determined provision of any contraception (yes or no) and provision by contraception type: prescription contraception (pills, patch, ring, injectables, or diaphragm), long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) devices, and permanent contraception (tubal sterilization). We compared these outcomes by deaf or hard-of-hearing status (yes or no). The odds of contraceptive provision were calculated with regression models adjusted for age, Medicaid insurance, a preventive health visit, and deaf or hard-of-hearing status. We calculated contraceptive care quality measures, per the U.S. Office of Population Health, as the percentage of enrollees who used: 1) LARC methods or 2) most effective or moderately effective methods (tubal sterilization, pills, patch, ring, injectables, or diaphragm).

RESULTS:
We identified 1,171,838 enrollees at risk for pregnancy; 13,400 (1.1%) were deaf or hard of hearing. Among individuals who were deaf or hard of hearing, 31.4% were provided contraception (23.5% prescription contraception, 5.4% LARC, 0.7% tubal sterilization). Individuals who were deaf or hard of hearing were less likely to receive prescription contraception (adjusted odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.96) than individuals who were not deaf or hard of hearing. The percentage of individuals who were deaf or hard of hearing who received most effective or moderately effective methods was less than that for individuals who were not (24.2% vs 26.3%, P<.001). There were no differences in provision of LARC or permanent contraception by deaf and hard-of-hearing status.

CONCLUSION:
Individuals who were deaf or hard of hearing were less likely to receive prescription contraception than individuals who were not; factors underlying this pattern need to be examined. Provision of LARC or permanent contraception did not differ by deaf or hard-of-hearing status. These findings should be monitored and compared with data from states with different requirements for contraceptive coverage.
A Multivariable Predictive Model for Success of External Cephalic Version
Authors: Dahl Carly M. , Zhang Yue , Ong Janice X. , Yeh Chen , Son Moeun , Miller Emily S. , Roy Archana , Grobman William A. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To create a prediction model for external cephalic version (ECV) success using objective patient characteristics.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included pregnant individuals of at least 18 years of age with a nonanomalous, singleton gestation who underwent an ECV attempt between 2006 and 2016 at a single quaternary care hospital. Variables assessed included maternal age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), parity, fetal sex, gestational age, estimated fetal weight, type of fetal malpresentation, placental location, and amniotic fluid volume. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association of patient characteristics with ECV success. Estimated odds ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated for each variable, and backward elimination and bootstrapping were used to find a parsimonious model for ECV success with the highest discriminatory capacity (as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]). This model was evaluated with a calibration curve across deciles of success.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,138 individuals underwent an ECV attempt and were included in this analysis. The overall ECV success frequency was 40.6%. Factors significantly associated with ECV success were maternal age, parity, placental location, estimated fetal weight, and type of fetal malpresentation. A final model with BMI, parity, placental location, and type of fetal malpresentation had the highest AUC (0.667 [95% CI 0.634–0.701]), resulted in good calibration, and is represented by the following equation: 1/[1+e-x] where x=1.1726–0.0314 (BMI)−0.9299 (nulliparity)+1.0218 (transverse or oblique presentation at ECV)−0.5113 (anterior placenta). An interactive version of this equation was created and can be accessed at www.ecvcalculator.com.

CONCLUSION:
A prediction model that estimates the probability of ECV success was created and internally validated. This model incorporates easily obtainable and objective patient factors known before ECV and may be used in decision making and patient counseling about ECV.
Staged Chest Wall Reconstruction for Radiation-induced Costochondritis
Authors: Kim Byeong Seok , Kim Hong Il , Kim Jong In , Park Jin Hyung , Yi Hyung Suk , Kim Yoon Soo , Kim Hyo Young 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Costochondritis after breast reconstruction and radiation therapy is rarely reported. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; as such, wound debridement and reconstruction must be performed in several stages. A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with invasive cancer of the right breast, and she underwent nipple sparing mastectomy and direct-to-implant breast reconstruction in November 2007. Thirteen years later, in September 2020, she experienced pain and swelling on her right breast. Incisional drainage and implant removal were performed in another clinic; however, the infection was not controlled. An implant-induced infection was suspected, and debridement was performed to a level where fresh tissue appeared in the upper layer of the intercostal muscle. Antibiotics and open dressing were used for 10 days; however, yellowish debris was noted, and third to fifth ribs and costal cartilages turned dark brown. Radiation-induced costochondritis was diagnosed based on clinical findings from the intraoperative field, wound course, and cartilage biopsy. Radical chest wall resection and reconstruction was performed using Teflon (Dupont/Chemours, Wilmington, Del.) and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. The patient was discharged 2 weeks after surgery without any complications. Costochondritis should be clinically diagnosed while performing the first debridement in staged operation. Radical chest wall resection is essential with chest wall reconstruction using Teflon and a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap.
Lower Extremity Salvage in the Setting of Bullous Pemphigoid Exacerbation: A Case Report
Authors: Pollock Samara E. , Rice Shauna M. , Ferree Sarah D. , Friedstat Jonathan , Eberlin Kyle , Kourosh Arianne S 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease where patients suffer from painful bullae, often covering large portions of the skin and requiring management with immune-suppression. Our case report of recurring bullous pemphigoid illustrates the importance of considering immunosuppressive perioperative management in patients with a history of autoimmune blistering even when the disease has been quiescent for some time. With multidisciplinary care and immune suppressive therapies in the perioperative period, a free flap complicated by recurrent bullous pemphigoid can be salvaged.
Management of Large Pediatric Wound Defects Using a Continuous External Tissue Expander
Authors: Choi Youna K. , Mehta Sagar T. , Luo Jessica , Siddiqi Faizi , Gociman Barbu 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Both internal and external tissue expanders take advantage of the innate adaptive mechanisms the skin exerts in response to mechanical tension, known as the stress-relaxation phenomenon. Internal tissue expander use is time-consuming and can be complicated by infection and extrusion. In this case series, continuous external tissue expanders used to manage large pediatric wounds were assessed. Fourteen patients (ages: 4 days to 17 years) with large wounds underwent continuous external tissue expansion intraoperatively. The success of wound closure was assessed. In addition, the size of the patient’s wounds, duration of device application, and postoperative complications were evaluated. The continuous external tissue expander was applied to wound sizes ranging from 14.7 to 560 cm2 for 5 to 10 days until the wound was amenable for direct closure. In 11 of the 14 patients, delayed primary closure was achieved. The device significantly reduced the wound sizes of the remaining three cases (average 80% size reduction). There was no incidence of wound dehiscence or infection. This case series demonstrates the benefit of the continuous external tissue expansion in managing pediatric wounds that would not otherwise be amenable to primary closure. The method allows for timely closure with limited risk of infection or extrusion, and should be in the armamentarium of reconstructive plastic surgeons.
Short- to Medium-term Outcome of Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Direct-to-implant Reconstruction using Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Mathew John 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Subpectoral implant reconstruction (SIR) is associated with animation deformity and increased postoperative pain. The aim of our study was to compare the short- to medium-term outcome of prepectoral implant reconstruction (PIR) and SIR with acellular dermal matrix.

Methods:
A review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent PIR and SIR using biological mesh by a single surgeon between Nov 2016 and Nov 2020 was done. Presentation, smoking history, BMI, bra size, radiology size, pathology data, mastectomy weight, implant volume, radiation treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. For intergroup comparisons, the data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test and the Student t-test. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
Eighty-two patients had 109 implant reconstructions (85 PIR and 24 SIR). Median follow-up was 27 months (4–53). Twenty-five of PIR and six of SIR were risk reduction surgeries. Two groups were comparable except for significantly higher percentage of node positive (13/18, 72% versus 20/60, 33%; P = 0.003), Her 2-positive disease (7/18, 39% versus 9/60, 15%; P = 0.027), and radiotherapy (15/24, 63% versus 21/85, 25%; P = 0.001) in SIR. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to hematoma, wound infection, red reaction, seroma needing aspiration, wound necrosis, and implant loss. Significantly more patients in the prepectoral group had rippling needing fat grafting (n = 13, 15% versus 0; P = 0.041) and significantly more patients in the subpectoral group had fat grafting for contour deformity (n = 6, 25% versus n = 6, 7%; P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
PIR is comparable to conventional SIR with regard to most of the complications.
What Should Be Done to Re-evaluate Cessation of Nucleos(t)ide Analog Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection?
Authors: Cheng Yongqian , Ji Yingjie , Duan Huijuan , Li Yuanyuan , Lau George , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Anti-viral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is generally considered to be a long-term treatment. Relevant guidelines issued by Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of the Liver, and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases have recently proposed requirements and standards for cessation of NUCs, but it remains unclear which proportion of CHB patients on long-term or prolonged treatment of NUCs will relapse after NUCs cessation. Recently, paradoxical increase in loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with or without the development of anti-hepatitis B surface antibody has been observed in NUCs’ treated CHB patients with cessation of therapy. Hence, it is of great clinical relevance to identify CHB who might have been over-treated with NUCs and might even benefit HBsAg loss or seroconversion with cessation of therapy. To address these issues, our review comprehensively analyzed the data from recent clinical trials in which the antiviral efficacy in the long-term or prolonged treatment of NUCs and/or interferon-α for CHB patients were evaluated. Furthermore, the relevant problems and deficiencies existing in the study design of previous clinical studies were also described. To solve the unmet issues in the field, a prospective study with a large-enough sample size would be required to understand the related virologic and immunological markers that can accurately predict the outcome and prognosis of the CHB patients who stop the NUCs treatment. With the rapid advancement of antiviral drug development for CHB patients, the future ideal regimens should include multiple targets for antiviral drug therapy combined with efficient immune-modulatory therapy, which will help more CHB patients to obtain functional cure with NUCs cessation.
Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Beijing, 2021)
Authors: Xu Ruonan , Shi Lei , Xie Wei-Fen , Xu Zhe , Meng Fan-Ping , Fu Jun-Liang , Yuan Xin , Huang Lei , Shi Ming , Li Yonggang , Li Yuanyuan , Yao Chen , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhongmin , Gao Chenyan , Wu Zhaohui , Meng Shufang , Han Weidong , Xiang Charlie , Wang Gui-Qiang , Li Taisheng , Wang Xiaoying , Sun Yunxia , Wu Zunyou , Zhang Wenhong , Zhao Chunhua , Hu Yu , Cheng Tao , Wei Yuquan , Zhou Qi , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and has led to millions of deaths among more than 100 million infected people around the world according to the declaration from World Health Organization. Dysregulated immune response of both the innate and adaptive immune systems is subsistent on COVID-19 patients, of which the degree are associated with disease severity, lung damage and long term functional disability. Current treatment options have included antiretroviral drugs, anti-inflammatory factors, antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and convalescent plasma therapy. More recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been explored for the management and control of COVID-19, particularly with the aim of preventing or at least mitigating respiratory co-morbidities. Though the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy have been validated in multiple phase I–III clinical trials, to date, no standardized stem cell preparation, administration dosage or interval, product QA/QC testing, storage, transportation, or disposal protocols have been established. The present paper proposes a systematic methodology that addresses all the foregoing process steps and evaluation criteria for the efficacious and safe administration of MSCs in the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19.
Effects of auditory or visual stimuli on gait in Parkinsonic patients: a systematic review
Authors: Trindade Marta F.D. , Viana Rui A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
External stimuli can improve gait performance in Parkinsons Disease (PD): auditory stimuli can increase velocity and visual stimuli may act at step length.

Objective:
To systematize the scientific evidence about the effects of auditory or visual stimuli on gait in patients with PD.

Methods:
From January 2016 to December 2018, a systematic literature research was conducted in the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases. Study designs considered were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, which evaluated the effects of auditory or visual stimuli on gait in PD. The methodological quality was assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program.

Results:
Five articles were included with 232 participants and a methodological rank of mean of 10.3 on the cohort studies (n = 3), 8 on the case control studies (n = 1), and 6 on the RCTs (n = 1). Although 3 evaluated the effects of auditory stimuli on gait in PD, 2 analyzed those of visual stimuli. Based on these, it was verified a significant improvement of diverse gait parameters.

Conclusion:
The application of auditory or visual stimuli have beneficial effects on gait parameters. Further investigation is required.
Expression of Angiotensin II Receptor 2 in Microcystic Lymphatic Malformation
Authors: Siljee Sam Duro , Gower Alexandra , Brasch Helen Dian , Patel Josie , Bockett Nicholas , Itinteang Tinte , Tan Swee Thong 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
To investigate the presence of components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on the embryonic stem cell (ESC)–like population in microcystic lymphatic malformation (mLM).

Methods:
mLM tissue samples from 18 patients underwent immunohistochemical staining for RAS components including angiotensinogen, renin, prorenin receptor (PRR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and angiotensin II receptor 2 (AT2R). Snap-frozen mLM tissues from 6 of the patients were used to confirm protein expression by western blotting for angiotensinogen, PRR, ACE, ACE2, and AT2R. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect transcript expression of angiotensinogen, renin, PRR, ACE, ACE2, AT1R, and AT2R in 5 of the mLM tissue samples.

Results:
Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated expression of AT2R in all, and PRR in 1, while angiotensinogen, renin, ACE, and ACE2 were not observed in any of the 18 mLM samples. Western blotting showed expression of angiotensinogen, PRR, and ACE, but not ACE2 or AT2R in all 6 mLM tissue samples. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated transcript expression of angiotensinogen, PRR, ACE, and ACE2 in all, AT1R in 4, AT2R in 2, and renin in 1 of the 5 mLM tissue samples. Immunofluorescence dual-staining in 2 mLM tissue samples demonstrated expression of AT2R on the OCT4+ cells.

Conclusion:
This study shows expression of angiotensinogen, PRR, ACE. ACE2, AT1R, and AT2R transcripts and AT2R protein, in mLM tissue samples, with AT2R localizing to the OCT4+ ESC-like population. This suggests the ESC-like population may be a novel therapeutic target by modulation of the RAS.
Association between fibromyalgia and cataract
Authors: Hu Wei-Syun , Lin Cheng-Li , Chen Tung-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study was set to investigate whether fibromyalgia increased cataract risk.
Fibromyalgia patients were the case group and controls were people who never had a history of fibromyalgia. We estimated the hazard ratio of cataract by Cox proportional-hazards model. The adjusted hazard ratios were obtained by controlling variables of age, sex, and comorbidities. Stratification analysis was also performed to ensure the association of fibromyalgia and cataract.
We included 6949 participants in each groups. The incidence rate of cataract in patients with fibromyalgia (108.9 per 1000 person-years) was higher than that of control group (58.9 per 1000 person-years). The risk of cataract in fibromyalgia patients was 2.48 (95% confidence interval = 2.34–2.63) times higher than subjects without fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia is associated with higher risk of cataract.
A novel RNA binding protein-associated prognostic model to predict overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Ye , Liu Xiaohong , Gu Yang , Lu Haofeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is 1 of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate from HCC persists at a substantial level. Construction of a prognostic model that can reliably predict HCC patients’ overall survival is urgently needed.
Two RNA-seq dataset (the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium) and 1 microarray dataset (GSE14520) were included in our study. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in HCC patients was examined by differentially expressed genes analysis, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Subsequently, the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was randomly divided into training and testing cohort with a prognostic model developed in the training cohort. In order to evaluate the prognostic value of the model, a comprehensive survival assessment was conducted.
Five RBPs (ribosomal protein L10-like, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), zinc finger protein 239, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1) were used to construct the model. The model accurately predicted the prognosis of liver cancer patients in both the training cohort and validation cohort. HCC patients could be assigned into a high-risk group and a low-risk group by this model, and the overall survival of these 2 groups was significantly different (P
< .05). Furthermore, the risk scores obtained by this model were highly correlated with immune cell infiltration.
The prognostic model helps to identify HCC patients at high risk of mortality, which optimizes decision-making for individualized treatment.