bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features Associated With Contagiousness Among COVID-19 Cases in Shanghai, China
Authors: Kong Dechuan , Fang Qiwen , Wu Huanyu , Hu Linjie , Wagner Abram L. , Lu Yihan , Zheng Yaxu , Gong Xiaohuan , Zhu Yiyi , Jin Bihong , Xiao Wenjia , Mao Shenghua , Lin Sheng , Han Ruobing , Yu Xiao , Cui Peng , Jiang Chenyan , Pan Hao , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the characteristics of those who transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection vs those who do not, but this information could inform disease control policies. This study described the features of clusters in the first wave of COVID-19 in Shanghai and compared contagiousness by clinical and health care risk factors.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of cases in Shanghai in January and February 2020, cases with successive generations were considered to be “contagious.” Characteristics of contagious and non-contagious cases were compared in log-binomial models that also adjusted for age and sex. Results: Between January 21 and February 17, 2020, 333 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Shanghai across 28 known infection chains. Contagiousness was higher among cases with a sore throat (risk ratio [RR]: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.59, 7.35, P=0.0051), and those with heart disease (RR: 2.06, 95% CI: 0.72, 5.90). Delays in diagnosis were also associated with higher risk of contagiousness. Having ≥2 medical visits before diagnosis was associated with 4.46 times higher risk of contagiousness (95% CI: 2.03, 9.83, P=0.0002), and there was a non-significant increase in risk with increasing numbers of days between disease onset and isolation (for each day, RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16, P=0.1734).Conclusions: Individuals with mild COVID-19 symptoms in the upper respiratory tract may still be contagious, and such individuals should be prioritized for early diagnosis and isolation to limit further chains of transmission.
Genome Mining of Secondary Metabolites From a Marine-derived Aspergillus Terreus B12
Authors: du xinyang , Li Huanhuan , Qi Jiangfeng , Chen Chaoyi , Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As an important saprophytic filamentous fungus, Aspergillus terreus is ubiquitously distributed, including soil rhizospheres and marine environments. Due to the prominent capabilities of bioconversion and biosynthesis, A. terreus has become attractive in biotechnical and pharmaceutical industry. In this work, an A. terreus strain, B12, was isolated from sponge in South China Sea, which demonstrated broad bacteriostatic effects against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. The whole genome was sequenced, showing a genetic richness of BGCs, which might underpin the metabolic plasticity and adaptive resilience for the strain. Genome mining identified 67 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), among which, 6 gene clusters could allocate to known BGCs (100% identity), corresponding to diverse metabolites like clavaric acid, dihydroisoflavipucine /isoflavipucine, dimethylcoprogen, alternariol, aspterric acid and pyranonigrin E. However, instead of the putative compounds, several other products were obtained from the B12 fermentation, including terrein, butyrolactone I, terretonin A&E, acoapetaline B and epi-aszonalenins A. Of note, acoapetaline B and epi-aszonalenins A, discovered natural products recently with little information, unexpectedly were reported in this A. terreus strain. The genomic and heterogeneity observed in strain B12, should be at least partially attributed to the genetic variability and biochemical diversity of A. terreus , which could be an interesting issue open to future efforts.
Advancing Scalability and Impacts of a Teacher Training Program for Promoting Child Mental Health in Ugandan Primary Schools: Protocol for a Hybrid-Type II Effectiveness-Implementation Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Huang Keng-Yen , Nakigudde Janet , Kisakye Elizabeth Nsamba , Sentongo Hafsa , Dennis-Tiwary Tracy A , Tozan Yesim , Park Hyung , Brotman Laurie Miller 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There are numerous challenges to promoting child mental health in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). Most evidence-based interventions (EBIs) adapted to LMICs have not been scaled widely or evaluated for effectiveness and underlying mechanisms. Most mental health EBIs in LMICs rely on a task-shifting approach of implementation because of the shortage of mental health professionals; however, challenges related to task-shifting are understudied. Most EBIs have not been implemented using a scalable and sustainable model that leverages and strengthens existing structures. Through a cross-sector collaboration, we are carrying out a second generation investigation of implementation and effectiveness of a school-based mental health EBI for early childhood students that uses task-shifting and builds on existing educational structures. The ultimate shared goal of this collaboration is to scale and sustain the EBI country wide. The systems-level approach to promoting child mental health builds on ParentCorps, an EBI implemented in schools that has been shown in multiple trials to yield long-term benefits on mental health and school performance. Previous studies in Uganda found that ParentCorps Professional Development (PD) for teachers resulted in short-term benefits for classrooms, children and families. Objectives: This paper describes the rationale and protocol for an effectiveness-implementation study of ParentCorps-PD for teachers in urban and rural Ugandan schools. The study considers the added value (i.e. impact and costs) of a brief wellness intervention for teachers in their task-shifting role and explores mechanisms and outcomes. Methods: Using a hybrid-type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT), we will randomize 36 schools (18 urban and 18 rural) with 540 teachers and nearly 2,000 families to one of three conditions: PD + Teacher-Wellness (PDT), PD alone (PD), and control. Primary effectiveness outcomes are teachers’ use of mental health promoting strategies, teacher stress management, and child mental health. Mixed methods will be employed to examine underlying mechanisms of implementation and impact as well as cost-effectiveness. Discussion: This research will generate important knowledge regarding the value of an EBI in urban and rural communities in a LMIC, and efforts toward supporting teachers who are task-shifting as a potentially cost-effective strategy for promoting child mental health. Trial Registration: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04383327; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04383327) on May13, 2020.
Research on Chip Formation Mechanism and Surface Morphology of Particle-reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Fang Yuxin , Wang Youqiang , Zhang Ping , Luo Heng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a finite element (FE) cutting model for particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) considering material damage was developed to predict SiC particle failure, cutting forces and machined surface topography in SiCp/Al composite machining, and to analyze the dynamic mechanisms of chip formation and particle failure evolution. The validity of the simulation model was verified by comparing the simulation results with the cutting forces and surface topography obtained from the milling machining experiments. It was found that complex stress-strain fields exist in SiCp/Al composites with mesoscopic non-homogeneous structures, and alternating reticulation of tensile and compressive stress between particles was observed; particle failure due to tool-workpiece interaction exists in both direct and indirect ways; particle failure and local chip deformation during machining affect surface topography and chip shaping, resulting in serrated chips, pitting on the machined surface, and residual particle fragments.
Characteristics of New Permanent Magnetic Eddy Current Drive System of the Scraper Conveyor
Authors: wang shuang , GUO Yongcun , LI Deyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study provides a new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system to solve the ener-gy-saving drive problem of the scraper conveyor working under bad conditions, including overload startup, severe abrasion and pollution. Considering the practical conveying conditions of the scraper chain on a fully mechanised coal mining face, this study creates a mathematical model for the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system of the scraper conveyor based on its characteristics and indicates the motion characteristics of the scraper chain driven by two wheels. This study verifies the model accuracy with a pre-startup technology depending on the scraper conveyor on the No. 12318 working face of the 8th coal mine in the West No. 1 mining area of the Pansan Coal Mine of the Huainan Mining Group. According to the results, the motion acceleration of the scraper chain based on the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive is lower than that of the scraper chain with a hydraulic coupler under the same running condition and load during startup and acceleration and declines by approximately 14.7%. Consequently, this can decline the startup impact due to the serious abrasion and frequent overload of the scraper chain working under bad conditions.
PEAK1 promotes invasion and metastasis and confers drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: wang xingang , ZHENG YAN , WANG YU 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and AimsPseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) has reported to be upregulated in human malignancies and related with poor prognosis. Enhanced PEAK1 expression facilitates tumor cell survival, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the role of PEAK1 in breast cancer is not clear. Here, we investigated the PEAK1 expression in breast cancer and analyzed its relation with clinicopathological status and chemotherapy resistance to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We also investigated the role of PEAK1 on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in 112 surgical resected breast cancer tissues. The associations between clinicopathological status, multi-drug resistance and PEAK1 expression were determined. Effect of PEAK1 overexpression or down-expression on proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, metastasis and Doxorubicin sensitivity in the MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo was detected. ResultsPEAK1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and NAC -resistant breast cancer tissues. High PEAK1 expression was related with tumor size, high tumor grade, T stage, LN metastasis, recurrence, Ki-67 expression, Her-2 expression and multi-drug resistance. Targeting PEAK1 inhibited cell growth, invasion, metastasis and reversed chemoresistance to Doxorubicin in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ConclusionHigh PEAK1 expression was associated with invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of breast cancers. Furthermore, targeting PEAK1 could inhibit cell growth and metastasis, and reverse chemoresistance in breast cancer cells, which provides an effective treatment strategies for breast cancer.
Awareness and Knowledge of Hiv Transmission and Prevention Among Military Personnel In Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Adekunle Olajide Ayodele , Adeyemi David A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The personnel of the Nigerian military indulge in high-risk sexual behaviors and hence, they pose as a potential core transmission group of HIV to the larger population. Despite the initiation and implementation of various strategies of improving adequate knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, there is still high proportion of military personnel without appropriate knowledge of preventing HIV transmission. The aim of this study is to assess level of knowledge of HIV prevention and transmission and identify factors influencing transmission of HIV among military personnel in Nigeria.
Methods

A cross-sectional study design, using a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, utilization of male condom. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression at p < 0.05.
Results

While 98.5% of respondent have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively.
Conclusions

While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.
Curcumin Ameliorates Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Miao Li , Huang Fei , Jiang Wei , Sun Ying-ying , Chen Yong-jin , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDepression, one of the most frequently-occurring psychiatric disorders worldwide, is a significant inflammatory disorder. The polyphenol curcumin (Cur), which is extracted from Curcuma longa, has marked anti-inflammatory and anti‑oxidative effects against inflammatory diseases. However, whether Cur has antidepressant effects and the possible mechanisms, are unclear. The present study aimed to assess Cur’s beneficial effects on depressive-like behaviors using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and its possible molecular mechanisms. MethodsWe performed CUMS treated Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as a model of depression. Behavioral observations were performed by sucrose preference test (SPT), force swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Hippocampal expression of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA. Hippocampal expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were determined with quantitative PCR analyses and immunofluorescent staining. Hippocampal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB activation were examined with Western blotting analysis.ResultsRats subjected to CUMS demonstrated marked depressive-like behavior (decreased locomotor activity and sucrose intake, and prolonged immobility). Their levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines increased significantly, and their levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and HMGB1, also increased in the hippocampus. The changes were ameliorated significantly by treatment with Cur (50, 100 mg/kg) to varying degrees.Conclusion This study demonstrated that Cur has a potent antidepressant effect via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that Cur might be a promising therapeutic drug for depression.
Automated Vessel Segmentation in CT and CTA scans of the Lung Via Deep Neural Networks
Authors: tan wenjun , zhou luyu , li xiaoshuo , yang xiaoyu , chen yufei , yang jinzhu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The distribution of pulmonary vessels in computed tomography images is important for diagnosing disease, formulating surgical plans and pulmonary research. However, there are many challenges of pulmonary vascular segmentation due to its characteristics of narrow and long pipes, discrete distribution and tree-like structure. With the development of deep learning and medical image processing, an automatic, accurate and fast segmentation algorithm of pulmonary blood vessels becomes possible. Methods: Based on the International Symposium on Image Computing and Digital Medicine 2020 challenge pulmonary vascular segmentation task, this paper objectively evaluates the performance of 12 different algorithms in chest computed tomography and computed tomography angiography. First, we present the annotated reference dataset including computed tomography and computed tomography angiography. Second, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each team’s algorithm from 12 different institution, the reasons for some defects and improvements are summarized. Finally, we discuss the ways and methods to improve the results. Results: These methods were compared with the ground truth by the numerical results and the intuitive results from computed tomography and computed tomography angiography images. Most methods do an admirable job in pulmonary vascular extraction, with dice coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.85, and the dice coefficient for the top three methods are about 0.80. Conclusions: These results show that the methods which consider spatial information, fuse multi-scale feature map, or have an excellent post-processing are significant for further improving the accuracy of pulmonary vascular segmentation. Keywords: segmentation; pulmonary; vessel; U-Net; network; CT images; CTA
Amyand’s Hernia Complicated With Acute Appendicitis in a Severe Morbidity Obesity Patient
Authors: Guo Yulin , Jiang Hua , Liu Wenqing , Liu Dongbin , Li Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: An Amyand’s hernia is a heterogeneous clinical condition defined by the presence of the vermiform appendix within an inguinal hernia sac, which may or may not contain other abdominal contents or pathologic inflammatory changes. Herein we present an exceptionally rare case of an Amyand’s hernia containing a suppurative appendix and omentum on a morbidity obesity patient , in order to improve our understanding of this disease, avoid misdiagnosis and share experience in the treatment. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 46-year-old morbidity obesity male presented to our Emergency Department complained an acute onset abdominal pain near the right groin and the McBurney point with nausea and fever. The patient was initially diagnosed as acute appendicitis according to the laboratory tests and the clinical presentation. However, after a right groin hernia contained an inflamed appendix showed by the computed tomography scan, the final diagnosis of Amyand’s hernia was supported. Surgical treatment was then performed, and a right groin hernia was found to contain a suppurative appendix and omentum, intraoperatively. An appendectomy was performed, but the hernia was not repaired simultaneously considering the morbidity risks and surgically technical difficulty brought with the severe morbidity obesity. CONCLUSION: With an estimated incidence of only 1%, Amyand’s hernias are rare emergency case, lacking a clear evidence-based management scheme. Moreover, they can contain a diverse range of pathologic features and presentations that can complicate diagnosis and treatment. There is a paucity of reports describing the management of an Amyand’s hernia with appendicitis on morbidity obesity patients. In our case, we shared our surgical experience and the management of Amyand’s hernia on morbidity obesity patient should be tailored to individual’s condition.
Access to health insurance in Zimbabwe and associated factors: Insights from data from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey, 2015
Authors: Musuka Godfrey Nyangadzayi , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Cuadros Diego F , Chingombe Innocent , Murewanhema Grant , Herrera Helena , Mapingure Munyaradzi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine factors associated with access to health insurance among adults in Zimbabwe. We used statistical analysis to determine the association between various variables and access to health insurance using the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, 2015-16 data. Results: Overall, only 11% of 7397 females and 12% of 7420 males included in the analysis had access to health insurance. Age, educational level, marital status, religion, area of residence and wealth quintile were associated with access to health insurance for both females and males. For females, HIV status was associated with access to health insurance. Although not statistically significant, a smaller proportion of HIV positive males (10%) had access to a medical insurance compared to their HIV negative counterparts (12%), p=0.189. Our study showed that geospatial distribution of individuals with access to health insurance in Zimbabwe is concentrated around urban areas. Since the bulk of Zimbabweans do not have access to health insurance and mainly use the public health sector for services, there isa need for the Ministry of Health to enhance its investment in these facilities so that the bulk of the population can also get quality healthcare.
Productivity losses due to diabetes in urban and rural China
Authors: Hao Hongying , Xu Lizheng , Leng Anli , Sun Jingjie , Stephen Nicholas , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective: To provide the first estimates of the cost of productivity losses attributed to diabetes age 20-69 years old in urban and rural areas of China. Methods: Construct through life table modelling, expectancy life of diabetes sufferers, including the years of potential life lost and working years of life lost. Using the human capital approach, we measured the productivity losses attributed to absenteeism, presenteeism, labor force dropout and premature deaths due to diabetes of the population aged 20-69 years in urban and rural areas in China. Results: In 2017, we estimated that there were 100.46 million diabetes lost hours, with the total cost of productivity losses US$613.60 billion, comprising US$326.40 billion from labor force dropout, US$186.34 billion from premature death, US$97.71 billion from absenteeism, and US$27.04 billion from presenteeism. Productivity loss was greater in urban (US$490.79 billion) than rural areas (US$122.81 billion), with urban presenteeism (US$2.54 billion) greater than rural presenteeism (US$608.55 million); urban absenteeism (US$79.10 billion) greater than rural absenteeism (US$18.61 billion); urban labour force dropout (US$261.24 billion) greater than rural labour force dropout (US$65.15 billion) and urban premature death (US$147.90 billion) greater than rural premature death (US$38.44 billion). Conclusions: Diabetes had a large and significant negatively impact on productivity in urban and rural in China, with a significant gap in the level of diabetes management in urban compared to rural regions. Productivity loss was significantly higher in urban than rural regions. Further investment is required in the prevention, diagnosis and control of diabetes in under-resourced health services in rural locations and also in urban areas, where most diabetes cases reside. Specifically, targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management actions are urgently required.
On Low-Dimensional Complex ω-Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Zhou Jia , Chen Liangyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Let (g, [−, −], ω) be a finite-dimensional complex ω-Lie superalgebra. In this paper, we introduce the notions of derivation superalgebra Der(g) and the automorphism group Aut(g) of (g, [−, −], ω). We study Derω (g) and Autω (g), which are superalgebra of Der(g) and subgroup of Aut(g), respectively. For any 3-dimensional or 4-dimensional complex ω-Lie superalgebra g, we explicitly calculate Der(g) and Aut(g), and obtain Jordan standard forms of elements in the two sets. We also study representation theory of ω-Lie superalgebras and give a conclusion that all nontrivial non-ω-Lie 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional ω-Lie superalgebras are multiplicative, as well as we show that any irreducible respresentation of the 4-dimensional ω-Lie superalgebra P2,k(k 6= 0, −1) is 1-dimensional.