bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving transcriptional stress responses as an anti‐aging strategy
Authors: Cheng Yang , Pitoniak Andrew , Wang Julia , Bohmann Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe progressively increasing frailty, morbidity and mortality of aging organisms coincides with, and may be causally related to, their waning ability to adapt to environmental perturbations. Transcriptional responses to challenges, such as oxidative stress or pathogens, diminish with age. This effect is manifest in the declining function of the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2. Protective gene expression programs that are controlled by the Drosophila Nrf2 homolog, CncC, support homeostasis and longevity. Age‐associated chromatin changes make these genes inaccessible to CncC binding and render them inert to signal‐dependent transcriptional activation in old animals. In a previous paper, we have reported that overexpression of the CncC dimerization partner Maf‐S counteracts this degenerative effect and preserves organism fitness. Building on this work, we show here that Maf‐S overexpression prevents loss of chromatin accessibility and maintains gene responsiveness. Moreover, the same outcome, along with an extension of lifespan, can be achieved by inducing CncC target gene expression pharmacologically throughout adult life. Thus, pharmacological or dietary interventions that can preserve stress responsive gene expression may be feasible anti‐aging strategies.
Basophil activation test: Mechanisms and considerations for use in clinical trials and clinical practice
Authors: Santos Alexandra F. , Alpan Oral , Hoffmann Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe basophil activation test (BAT) is a functional assay that measures the degree of degranulation following stimulation with allergen or controls by flow cytometry. It correlates directly with histamine release. From the dose‐response curve resulting from BAT in allergic patients, basophil reactivity (%CD63+ basophils) and basophil sensitivity (EC50 or similar) are the main outcomes of the test. BAT takes into account all characteristics of IgE and allergen and thus can be more specific than sensitization tests in the diagnosis of allergic disease. BAT reduces the need for in vivo procedures, such as intradermal tests and allergen challenges, which can cause allergic reactions of unpredictable severity. As it closely reflects the patients' phenotype in most cases, it may be used to support the diagnosis of food, venom and drug allergies and chronic urticaria, to monitor the natural resolution of food allergies and to predict and monitor clinical the response to immunomodulatory treatments, such as allergen‐specific immunotherapy and biologicals. Clinical application of BAT requires analytical validation, clinical validation, standardization of procedures and quality assurance to ensure reproducibility and reliability of results. Currently, efforts are ongoing to establish a platform that could be used by laboratories in Europe and in the USA for quality assurance and certification.
Harmine alleviates atherogenesis by inhibiting disturbed flow‐mediated endothelial activation via protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 and YAP
Authors: Yang Yujie , Ma Qiannan , Li Zhiyu , Wang Hui , Zhang Chenghu , Liu Yajin , Li Bochuan , Wang Yingmei , Cui Qinghua , Xue Fengxia , Ai Ding , Zhu Yi , He Jinlong 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeDisturbed flow induces endothelial dysfunction and contributes to uneven distribution of atherosclerotic plaque. Emerging evidence suggests that harmine, a natural constituent of extracts of Peganum harmala, has potent beneficial activities. Here, we investigated if harmine has an atheroprotective role under disturbed flow and the underlying mechanism.Experimental ApproachMice of ApoE−/−, LDLR−/−, and endothelial cell (EC)‐specific overexpression of yes‐associated protein (YAP) in ApoE−/− background were fed with a Western diet and given harmine for 4 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesion size, cellular composition, and expression of inflammatory genes in the aortic roots were assessed. HUVECs were treated with oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and harmine and also used for proteomic analysis.Key ResultsHarmine retarded atherogenesis in both ApoE−/− and LDLR−/− mice by inhibiting the endothelial inflammatory response. Mechanistically, harmine blocked OSS‐induced YAP nuclear translocation and EC activation by reducing phosphorylation of YAP at Y357. Overexpression of endothelial YAP blunted the beneficial effects of harmine in mice. Proteomic study revealed that protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 14 (PTPN14) could bind to YAP. Moreover, harmine increased PTPN14 expression by stabilizing its protein level and inhibiting its degradation in proteasomes. PTPN14 knockdown blocked the effects of harmine on YAPY357 and EC activation. Finally, overexpression of PTPN14 mimicked the effects of harmine and ameliorated atherosclerosis, and knockdown of PTPN14 blunted the atheroprotective effects of harmine and accelerated atherosclerosis, in a partial ligation mouse model.Conclusion and ImplicationsHarmine alleviated OSS‐induced EC activation via a PTPN14/YAPY357 pathway and had a potent atheroprotective role.
“Dancing” Together: Infant–Mother Locomotor Synchrony
Authors: Hoch Justine E. , Ossmy Ori , Cole Whitney G. , Hasan Shohan , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: January 2021

Pre‐mobile infants and caregivers spontaneously engage in a sequence of contingent facial expressions and vocalizations that researchers have referred to as a social “dance.” Does this dance continue when both partners are free to move across the floor? Locomotor synchrony was assessed in 13‐ to 19‐month‐old infant–mother dyads (N = 30) by tracking each partner’s step‐to‐step location during free play. Although infants moved more than mothers, dyads spontaneously synchronized their locomotor activity. For 27 dyads, the spatiotemporal path of one partner uniquely identified the path of the other. Clustering analyses revealed two patterns of synchrony (mother‐follow and yo‐yo), and infants were more likely than mothers to lead the dance. Like face‐to‐face synchrony, locomotor synchrony scaffolds infants’ interactions with the outside world.
The diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism is assay‐dependent– Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Sanders Anna , Fenn Jonathan , Ashby Helen L. , Mohammed Pervaz , Buch Harit N. , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the commutativity of Roche and Abbott thyroid assays in the diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The Roche and Abbott thyroid assays are used by approximately 75% of clinical laboratories in the UK.MethodConsecutive samples received from primary care on patients with SCH who had a raised thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) <10 mIU/L and a normal free thyroxine (fT4) from two laboratories using either Roche or Abbott thyroid assays were identified over 10 working days. Following identification, samples were analysed at the other site within 24 hours. Diagnostic and management discordance were studied using the relevant manufacturer‐provided reference ranges.ResultsWe identified 93 patients with SCH (53 using the Roche assay). Roche TSH and fT4 results were respectively 40% ± 15% and 16% ± 7% higher (P < .001) compared to Abbott results. Of the 93 patients, 41 (44%) were concordant for SCH on both methods. Of the 53 patients with SCH on the Roche assays, 40 (75.5%) had normal thyroid function and 13 (24.5%) had SCH when analysed using the Abbott assays. Of the 40 patients with SCH on the Abbott assays, 28 (70%) had SCH and 12 (30%) had results indicative for levothyroxine replacement when analysed on the Roche assays. Of these 12 patients, four had TSH > 10 mIU/L, five had low fT4 and three had both.ConclusionThe diagnosis and management of SCH is strikingly different when using TSH and fT4 assays provided by Abbott Laboratories and Roche Diagnostics. Clinicians and laboratorians should be aware that between‐assay differences and variations in reference ranges will directly impact the diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism.
The founder chief executive officer: A review of current insights and directions for future research
Authors: Abebe Michael A. , Li Pingshu , Acharya Keshab , Daspit Joshua J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueFrom its inception in the late 1980s and early 1990s, founder‐chief executive officer (CEO) research has garnered significant scholarly attention in the strategy and entrepreneurship disciplines, although other fields—such as economics, finance, and family business—have also generated substantial research insight on this topic. Despite this progress, a limited consensus exists on the influence of the founder CEO owing to the fragmented nature of extant research. In this review, we address this fragmentation by reviewing current literature, synthesizing the discipline‐specific findings into an integrated framework, and highlighting promising directions for future founder‐CEO research.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a cross‐disciplinary review of founder‐CEO research based on 221 articles from 24 academic journals, we synthesize current research and provide directions for future research. Our framework organizes current research on the founder CEO into three broad themes. First, we review and synthesize scholarly work on factors related to the founder CEO during the nascent years of the firm. In the second theme, we review research that explores the impact of the founder CEO on strategic choices and firm configurations. In the third theme, we review the performance consequences of the founder CEO.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis review advances research on the founder CEO by taking stock of insights from various disciplines, highlighting advancements made, and suggesting promising directions for future research on founder CEOs. Additionally, a critical evaluation of current methodological approaches provides opportunities for strengthening the rigor of scholarly inquiry in this area.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis review provides corporate governance scholars and policymakers with a current, multidisciplinary summary of research findings on founder CEOs and their impact on the firm across various stages of the organizational life cycle.
Mtor inhibitors associated with higher cardiovascular adverse events—A large population database analysis
Authors: Nguyen Vi N. , Abagyan Ruben , Tsunoda Shirley M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are limited real‐world data available regarding adverse events (AEs) of immunosuppressants. We utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2018 to perform a retrospective database analysis. We analyzed AE reports due to the individual agents tacrolimus, sirolimus, or everolimus and compared reporting odds ratios of the mTOR inhibitors to tacrolimus. The mTOR inhibitors arm had 1282 reports with 4176 AEs, while the tacrolimus arm had a total of 7587 reports with 20 940 individual AEs. mTOR inhibitors had significantly higher incidences of cardiovascular (ROR 1.95, 95% CI 1.70, 2.23), dermatologic (ROR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04, 1.73), endocrine (ROR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26, 1.82), gastrointestinal (ROR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01, 1.30), infectious disease (ROR 1.35, 95% 1.20, 1.52), musculoskeletal (ROR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13, 1.70), pulmonary (ROR 3.46, 95% 2.97, 4.03), renal (ROR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10, 1.46), and vascular AEs (ROR 3.10, 95% CI 2.14, 4.49). Across every organ type, mTOR inhibitors had greater cardiovascular AEs compared to tacrolimus, specifically in arteriosclerosis, heart failure, hypotension, tachycardia, chest pain, edema, and pericardial disorders. mTOR inhibitors may be associated with higher cardiovascular AEs. Further investigation is required to determine the potential mechanism of this effect.
Post‐transplant primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified in a pediatric patient
Authors: Cardwell Leah A. , Majerowski Jacquelyn , Chiu Yvonne E. , Harrington Alexandra M. , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSolid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be complicated by the development of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). The World Health Organization categorizes PTLDs into four entities including non‐destructive, monomorphic, polymorphic, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma types. The most common PTLDs are B‐cell lymphomas, with T‐cell lymphomas accounting for only a few cases. Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are rarer still in post‐transplant patients with primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma being an extraordinarily rare subtype in this population. PTLDs may be aggressive and are often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Advances in medicine have led to increased awareness of PTLDs and improved diagnostic tools which assist in the diagnosis of these conditions. However, the clinical and histopathologic heterogeneity of PTLDs may make diagnosis a challenge. In the transplant patient population, the cutaneous manifestations of the lymphoproliferative disease may mimic other conditions, such as eczematous dermatitis and graft‐vs‐host disease. Herein, we report a case of post‐transplant primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) in a pediatric heart transplant patient and describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic histopathologic features.
Defining criteria for the reintroduction of locally extinct populations based on contemporary and ancient genetic diversity: The case of the Adriatic Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
Authors: Boscari Elisa , Marino Ilaria A. M. , Caruso Chiara , Gessner Jörn , Lari Martina , Mugue Nikolai , Barmintseva Anna , Suciu Radu , Onara Dalia , Zane Lorenzo , Congiu Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe restoration of the extinct Adriatic population of Beluga sturgeon, an iconic species with economic and traditional relevance, is a priority in upcoming conservation strategies but it must not occur without deep prior knowledge on the current diversity distribution. We defined informed criteria for the reintroduction of Beluga in Italian rivers by analysing its contemporary and ancient diversity based on a multi‐markers approach.LocationPonto–Caspian and Adriatic basins.MethodsWe examined the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of the extant beluga populations by conducting genetic analysis on the mitochondrial dLoop and 27 nuclear microsatellites in 119 individuals from 3 geographical basins (Azov, Black and Caspian seas) and genomic analysis on 893 SNPs isolated through the 2bRAD approach in a subgroup of 92 samples. Mitochondrial information was also used to evaluate the variability of the extinct Adriatic population by analysing a few available museum samples.ResultsThe historical Adriatic sample cannot be traced back to any of the contemporary ones laying to hypothesize the presence of a past isolated population. Instead, mitochondrial data did not reveal any geographically based clustering possibly reflecting the deep paleogeographical changes experienced by those areas. The genomic approach allowed us to depict for the first time a clear and supported genetic differentiation between two areas (the Black–Azov and the Caspian basins) but microsatellites also revealed a signal of differentiation of the Azov sample, possibly related to historical management activities in that area.Main conclusionsThe outcomes of the study revealed an unprecedented amount of information that can provide great benefits to the establishment of ex situ Beluga broodstocks and support any future translocations. The provided guidelines should be taken as a reference for the upcoming restoring of the Italian extinct Beluga population and also for any future management activity of this species in its entire distribution range.
Rousseau's theory of value and the case of women
Authors: Rousselière Geneviève 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Emile, Rousseau claims that the value of women ought to be determined by the opinion that men have of them. Women, contrary to commodities and men, escape what I call Rousseau's “dual theory of value.” According to the latter, the apparent value of commodities and men is determined by opinion and either unrelated or inverse to “real value,” which is assessed through objective criteria. The dual theory of value is the basis of Rousseau's critique of commercial society. However, women warrant an exception to this theory. As women's apparent worth is their real worth, women are the unique object in the world that ought to be subjected to the rule of opinion, which is the rule of commercial market that Rousseau so violently rejects. This article investigates why this is the case and locates three functions to the unique position of women in Rousseau's theory of value.
Quantifying the impacts of bushfire on populations of wild koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): Insights from the 2019/20 fire season
Authors: Phillips Stephen , Wallis Kirsten , Lane Amanda 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe impact of bushfire events on wild Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations is poorly understood. Following the 2019/2020 bushfire season in eastern Australia, we resurveyed 123 field sites for which contemporaneous (current koala generation) pre‐fire survey data were available. Field sites were distributed across six fire grounds between Foster and Ballina on the north coast of New South Wales. At these sites, pre‐fire naïve occupancy levels by koalas ranged from 25% to 71% of the sampled habitat, while post‐fire naïve occupancy levels ranged from 0% to 47%. The median reduction in the naïve occupancy rate by koalas when considered across all six fire grounds was 71% when standardized against pre‐fire occupancy levels. Field data provided strong corroboration between site‐based, post‐fire foliage canopy cover estimates and modelled Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Map (GEEBAM) fire‐severity categories. In terms of GEEBAM fire‐severity categories, koala survival was five times more likely in areas where forest canopies were modelled as Unburnt or Partially burnt, compared to areas where forest canopies were Fully burnt. The capacity of bushfire‐affected koala populations to recover from the 2019/20 fire season will be conditional upon size of the original population in each fire‐affected area, the enactment and implementation of supportive, recovery‐themed management regimes, future inter‐fire intervals and associated intensities. Management actions necessary to assist recovery actions are discussed.
Neurological complications of COVID‐19 in hospitalized patients: The registry of a neurology department in the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Portela‐Sánchez Sofía , Sánchez‐Soblechero Antonio , Melgarejo Otalora Pedro José , Rodríguez López Ángela , Velilla Alonso Gabriel , Palacios‐Mendoza Michael Armando , Cátedra Caramé Carlos , Amaya Pascasio Laura , Mas Serrano Miguel , Massot‐Tarrús Andreu , De La Casa‐Fages Beatriz , Díaz‐Otero Fernando , Catalina Irene , García Domínguez Jose Manuel , Pérez‐Sánchez Javier Ricardo , Muñoz‐Blanco José Luis , Grandas Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the spectrum of neurological complications observed in a hospital‐based cohort of COVID‐19 patients who required a neurological assessment.MethodsWe conducted an observational, monocentric, prospective study of patients with a COVID‐19 diagnosis hospitalized during the 3‐month period of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain). We describe the neurological diagnoses that arose after the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms. These diagnoses could be divided into different groups.ResultsOnly 71 (2.6%) of 2750 hospitalized patients suffered at least one neurological complication (77 different neurological diagnoses in total) during the timeframe of the study. The most common diagnoses were neuromuscular disorders (33.7%), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) (27.3%), acute encephalopathy (19.4%), seizures (7.8%), and miscellanea (11.6%) comprising hiccups, myoclonic tremor, Horner syndrome and transverse myelitis. CVDs and encephalopathy were common in the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to neuromuscular disorders, which usually appeared later on (p = 0.005). Cerebrospinal fluid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) polymerase chain reaction was negative in 15/15 samples. The mortality was higher in the CVD group (38.1% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of neurological complications is low in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in these complications, and there was no evidence of direct invasion of the nervous system in our cohort. Some of the neurological complications can be classified into early and late neurological complications of COVID‐19, as they occurred at different times following the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms.
Standing biceps brachii tenectomy to treat chronic bicipital tendinopathy associated with bursal fibrosis and humeral adhesions in a Quarter Horse gelding
Authors: Melly V. , Baia P. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryChronic biceps brachii (BB) tendinopathy is a rare cause of lameness in horses that can be challenging to diagnose and treat successfully. This pathology is typically insidious in onset and unresponsive to conservative treatment. A 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented for chronic severe lameness of the left forelimb that was localised to the left shoulder area. The horse was unresponsive to conservative management and surgical exploration revealed a grossly enlarged proximal BB tendon, a thickened fibrotic bicipital bursa and adhesions between the tendon, humerus and bursa. With standing sedation and local anaesthesia, the adhesions were debrided and 10 cm of the affected tendon was excised. Immediately post‐operatively, the left forelimb lameness dramatically decreased. The horse recovered well and after rehabilitation returned to the previous level of athletic performance without evidence of lameness or gait abnormality. In this case, tenectomy of the chronic unresponsive BB tendinopathy, with associated bursal fibrosis and humeral adhesions, was successful and resulted in a return to previous athletic performance without complications. Standing excision of the BB tendon may be a viable treatment option for chronic BB tendinopathy and associated conditions when there is significant compromise to the integrity of the BB tendon.