bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Nine Residual Solvents in Sorafenib Tosylate by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Sun Rong , Hu Chengran , Dou Qian , Luan Libiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Direct injection gas chromatography is convenient and quick. The residual solvent with a higher boiling point can be measured by using direct inhection gas chromatography. This method could be developed for residual solvents analysis of sorafenible tosylate.

Objective
In the present investigation, the injection method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of residual solvents in sorafenib tosylate.

Method
The nine kinds of residual solvents were separated using direct injection gas chromatographic technology, and a quantitative analysis was performed. Analytical performance of the proposed injection method was validated as per the defined guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and specificity.

Results
Under the optimized conditions, simultaneous separation and determination of nine kinds of residual solvents, including methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, and N, N-dimethylformamide were carried out using a DB-WAXETR polyethylene glycol Inertap Pure-WAX column (30 m × 0. 32 mm × 0.25 µm) for separation. The calibration plot was found to be linear, accurate, precise, robust, and specific for direct injection gas chromatography. The residual solvents in sorafenib tosylate were quantified by the developed method.

Conclusions
The present method was successfully applied for analysis of residual solvents in sorafenib tosylate. Similarly, the method can be used for quality control and stability testing of other medicines.

Highlights
A validated GC assay for the combined analysis of the nine solutions which offered a reference method for the detection of residual solvents in other medicines.
Investigation of the Conditions for Preconcentration of Cadmium Ions by Solid Phase Extraction Method Using Modified Juglans regia L. Shells
Authors: Özkalkan Hüsna , Saygili Canlidinç Rukiye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Juglans regia L. shells as agricultural waste can be considered as alternative sorbents to minimize the problems associated with heavy metal pollution.

Objective
In this study, J. regia shells (JRS) and JRS modified with hydrazine hydrate (JRS-HH) were used as sorbents and compared for the preconcentration of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution.

Methods
For the characterization of sorbents, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used. For preconcentration, the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique was used. Preconcentration studies were performed by column method and pH, eluent type and concentration, sample volume, flow rate, and interfering ions effect were studied to determine the optimum column parameters.

Results
The limit of detection (LOD) of the sorbents (JRS and JRS-HH) are 0.31 and 0.18 µg/L, respectively. According to the Langmuir isotherm model for both sorbents, for JRS KL = 0.030 L/mg, R2 = 0.992, 0.016 L/mg, and for JRS-HH KL = 0.016 L/mg, R2 = 0.998 and maximum adsorption capacities of the sorbents were found to be as 29.6 and 65.7 mg/g, respectively. The mean recoveries and RSD values at a 95% confidence level (N = 6) for Cd(II) were 100.9% and 3.42, and 100.6% and 3.79, for the JRS and JRS-HH sorbents, respectively.

Conclusions
Using this method good results were obtained when compared with those in the literature and the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the certificated reference material (NIST 1640).

Highlights
JRS are an effective and inexpensive sorbent for the preconcentration of metal ions when modified. Thus, low-cost agricultural wastes are both recovered and have an economic value.
Pharmacovigilance of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of Nepal: an assessment based on early adverse drug reaction reports
Authors: Jha Nisha , Palaian Subish , Shankar Pathiyil R , Dangal Ganesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the ongoing pharmacovigilance of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines in the Nepalese context based on the available preliminary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and suggest approaches for strengthening pharmacovigilance mechanisms.

Methods
Currently, many COVID-19 vaccines are under advanced development and some have begun to be administered. In Nepal, the vaccination programme was initiated with Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 AZD1222 (Covishield) vaccine on January 27th targeting frontline healthcare professionals, sanitary staff and security workers. Newspaper reports and ADR reports received at a regional pharmacovigilance centre in Nepal were analysed. Nepal initiated a national pharmacovigilance programme 15 years back and has 14 functioning regional pharmacovigilance centres. The authors examine the strengths and challenges facing the current pharmacovigilance system in ensuring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Key findings
The news coverage has not mentioned any deaths till date with COVID-19 vaccination. Some patients reported vomiting, urticaria and sudden increase in blood pressure. Few people suffered from headache, fever and myalgia after being vaccinated. A vaccine, approved in an accelerated manner may have safety concerns. The vaccine may cause several types of reactions, but serious reactions have not been reported. Occurrence of adverse effects due to the vaccine is being studied.

Conclusions
Involving key stake holders, training health professionals and strengthening existing reporting procedures are important. Developing a system of reporting and analysing ADRs daily can help generate actionable intelligence to improve the safety of the vaccination programme. Establishing functioning communication channels between regulatory authorities and other stakeholders is crucial.
Enhancing Military Field Hospitals: World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team Verification
Authors: Licina Derek , DeHaai Brian , Slattery Andrea 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite the significant investment in the U.S. and partner nation military field hospital capability, the DoD has not pursued WHO Emergency Medical Team verification. Doing so would reinforce the DoD as an international leader, uphold the DoD as a partner of choice for response when requested, and enable the DoD to assist other nations in achieving the same.
Fast radio burst detection in the presence of coloured noise
Authors: Zhang C F , Xu J W , Men Y P , Deng X H , Xu Heng , Jiang J C , Wang B J , Lee K J , Li J , Yuan J P , Liu Z Y , Huang Y X , Xu Y H , Li Z X , Hao L F , Luo J T , Dai S , Luo R , Zakie Hassan , Ma Z Y 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate the impact of correlated noise on fast radio burst (FRB) searching. We found that (1) the correlated noise significantly increases the false alarm probability; (2) the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the false positives become higher; (3) the correlated noise also affects the pulse width distribution of false positives, and there will be more false positives with wider pulse width. We use 55-h observation for M82 galaxy carried out at Nanshan 26m radio telescope to demonstrate the application of the correlated noise modelling. The number of candidates and parameter distribution of the false positives can be reproduced with the modelling of correlated noise. We will also discuss a low S/N candidate detected in the observation, for which we demonstrate the method to evaluate the false alarm probability in the presence of correlated noise. Possible origins of the candidate are discussed, where two possible pictures, an M82-harboured giant pulse and a cosmological FRB, are both compatible with the observation.
Inflammatory Markers During Early Treatment of Seroconverters in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of PrEP (ANRS-IPERGAY)
Authors: Chawki Sylvain , Charreau Isabelle , Gabassi Audrey , Carette Diane , Cua Eric , Cotte Laurent , Pialoux Gilles , Pintado Claire , Meyer Laurence , Chaix Marie-Laure , Delaugerre Constance , Molina Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
HIV-related inflammation is associated with poor outcomes. We describe inflammatory biomarkers in 17 participants in a pre-exposure prophylaxis trial who seroconverted with very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Inflammation peaked at the time of HIV infection and returned to baseline within 6–12 months. Starting antiretroviral therapy very early could help mitigate long-lasting HIV-related inflammation.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mitigation Strategies Were Associated With Decreases in Other Respiratory Virus Infections
Authors: Sinha Pranay , Reifler Katherine , Rossi Michael , Sagar Manish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Detection of diverse respiratory viruses in Boston was approximately 80% lower after practices were instituted to limit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread compared with the same time period during the previous 5 years. Continuing the strategies that lower COVID-19 dissemination may be useful in decreasing the incidence of other viral respiratory infections.
Meropenem-Vaborbactam as Salvage Therapy for Ceftazidime-Avibactam-, Cefiderocol-Resistant ST-512 Klebsiella pneumoniae–Producing KPC-31, a D179Y Variant of KPC-3
Authors: Tiseo Giusy , Falcone Marco , Leonildi Alessandro , Giordano Cesira , Barnini Simona , Arcari Gabriele , Carattoli Alessandra , Menichetti Francesco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 68-year-old man had recurrent bacteremia by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–producing K. pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam and cefiderocol. The sequencing of a target region showed that it harbored a KPC-3 variant enzyme (D179Y; KPC-31), which confers resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam and restores meropenem susceptibility. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem-vaborbactam.
The era of virtual care: Perspectives of youth on virtual appointments in COVID-19 and beyond
Authors: Fletcher Sarah E , Tsang Vivian W L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In response to COVID-19, paediatric providers have shifted to providing outpatient health care appointments through telehealth. Youth perspectives on changes to health care access during the pandemic are important to consider when optimizing care for paediatric patients. Youth who contributed to this commentary reported that major benefits of virtual care included time savings, ease of access, continuity of care, and ability to participate in health appointments from the comfort of one’s own home without a risk of COVID-19 exposure. These youth also recognized limitations to virtual care, including the inability to complete laboratory or imaging tests, and the lack of physical examination capabilities. Additionally, they stressed the importance of visual components of virtual appointments and health care providers needing to consider privacy restrictions youth may have. Overall, our cohort of youth feel positive about virtual care and hope care providers can work with youth individually to determine the best solution for them.
Climate Change and Long-Run Discount Rates: Evidence from Real Estate
Authors: Giglio Stefano , Maggiori Matteo , Rao Krishna , Stroebel Johannes , Weber Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that housing markets provide information about the appropriate discount rates for valuing investments in climate change abatement. Real estate is exposed to both consumption and climate risk and its term structure of discount rates is downward sloping, reaching 2.6% for payoffs beyond 100 years. We use a tractable asset pricing model that incorporates features of climate change to show that the term structure of discount rates for climate-hedging investments is thus upward sloping but bounded above by the risk-free rate. At horizons at which risk-free rates are unavailable, the estimated housing discount rates provide an upper bound.
Occipital sleep spindles predict sequence learning in a visuo-motor task
Authors: Lutz Nicolas D , Admard Marie , Genzoni Elsa , Born Jan , Rauss Karsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe brain appears to use internal models to successfully interact with its environment via active predictions of future events. Both internal models and the predictions derived from them are based on previous experience. However, it remains unclear how previously encoded information is maintained to support this function, especially in the visual domain. In the present study, we hypothesized that sleep consolidates newly encoded spatio-temporal regularities to improve predictions afterwards.MethodsWe tested this hypothesis using a novel sequence-learning paradigm that aimed to dissociate perceptual from motor learning. We recorded behavioral performance and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in male human participants during initial training and during testing two days later, following an experimental night of sleep (n = 16, including high-density EEG recordings) or wakefulness (n = 17).ResultsOur results show sleep-dependent behavioral improvements correlated with sleep-spindle activity specifically over occipital cortices. Moreover, event-related potential (ERP) responses indicate a shift of attention away from predictable to unpredictable sequences after sleep, consistent with enhanced automaticity in the processing of predictable sequences.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a sleep-dependent improvement in the prediction of visual sequences, likely related to visual cortex reactivation during sleep spindles. Considering that controls in our experiments did not fully exclude oculomotor contributions, future studies will need to address the extent to which these effects depend on purely perceptual versus oculomotor sequence learning.
Interictal Epileptiform Discharges are Task Dependent and are Associated with Lasting Electrocorticographic Changes
Authors: Meisenhelter Stephen , Quon Robert J , Steimel Sarah A , Testorf Markus E , Camp Edward J , Moein Payam , Culler George W , Gross Robert E , Lega Bradley C , Sperling Michael R , Kahana Michael J , Jobst Barbara C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe factors that control the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are not well understood. We suspected that this phenomenon reflects an attention-dependent suppression of interictal epileptiform activity. We hypothesized that IEDs would occur less frequently when a subject viewed a task-relevant stimulus compared with viewing a blank screen. Furthermore, IEDs have been shown to impair memory when they occur in certain regions during the encoding or recall phases of a memory task. Although these discharges have a short duration, their impact on memory suggests that they have longer lasting electrophysiological effects. We found that IEDs were associated with an increase in low-frequency power and a change in the balance between low- and high-frequency oscillations for several seconds. We found that the occurrence of IEDs is modified by whether a subject is attending to a word displayed on screen or is observing a blank screen. In addition, we found that discharges in brain regions in every lobe impair memory. These findings elucidate the relationship between IEDs and memory impairment and reveal the task dependence of the occurrence of IEDs.
Microtubule‐targeting agents impair kinesin‐2‐dependent nuclear transport of β‐catenin: Evidence of inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling as an important antitumor mechanism of microtubule‐targeting agents
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Shriwas Omprakash , Sisodiya Shailendra , Santra Manas K. , Guchhait Sankar K. , Dash Rupesh , Panda Dulal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn aberrant accumulation of nuclear β‐catenin is closely associated with the augmentation of cancer malignancy. In this work, we report that several microtubule‐targeting agents (MTAs) such as vinblastine, taxol, and C12 (combretastatin‐2‐aminoimidazole analog) inhibit Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We showed that the inhibition of microtubule dynamics by MTAs decreased the level of β‐catenin by increasing Axin and adenomatous polyposis coli levels and reducing the level of dishevelled. Furthermore, MTAs strongly reduced the localization of β‐catenin in the nucleus. The reduction in the level of nuclear β‐catenin was neither due to the degradation of β‐catenin in the nucleus nor due to an increase in the export of nuclear β‐catenin from the nucleus. A motor protein kinesin‐2 was found to assist the nuclear transportation of β‐catenin. Interestingly, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling antagonist treatment synergized with MTAs and the activators of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling antagonized with the MTAs. C12 potently suppressed the growth of 4‐Nitroquinoline 1‐oxide‐induced OSCC in the tongue of C57 black 6 mice and also abrogated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in the tumor. Our results provide evidence that the decrease in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is an important antitumor effect of MTAs and the combined use of MTAs with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling antagonists could be a promising strategy for cancer chemotherapy.
Starvation induces an increase in intracellular calcium and potentiates the progesterone‐induced mouse sperm acrosome reaction
Authors: Sánchez‐Cárdenas Claudia , Romarowski Ana , Orta Gerardo , De la Vega‐Beltrán José Luis , Martín‐Hidalgo David , Hernández‐Cruz Arturo , Visconti Pablo E. , Darszon Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have recently reported two different methodologies that improve sperm functionality. The first method involved transient exposure to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and the second required sperm incubation in the absence of energy nutrients (starvation). Both methods were associated with an initial loss of motility followed by a rescue step involving ionophore removal or addition of energy metabolites, respectively. In this work, we show that starvation is accompanied by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Additionally, the starved cells acquire a significantly enhanced capacity to undergo a progesterone‐induced acrosome reaction. Electrophysiological measurements show that CatSper channel remains active in starvation conditions. However, the increase in [Ca2+]i was also observed in sperm from CatSper null mice. Upon starvation, addition of energy nutrients reversed the effects on [Ca2+]i and decreased the effect of progesterone on the acrosome reaction to control levels. These data indicate that both methods have common molecular features.
Telerheumatology: before, during, and after a global pandemic
Authors: Matsumoto Rachel A. , Barton Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
In early 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic shifted most healthcare to remote delivery methods to protect patients, clinicians, and hospital staff. Such remote care delivery methods include the use of telehealth technologies including clinical video telehealth or telephone visits. Prior to this, research on the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of telehealth applied to rheumatology, or telerheumatology, has been limited.

Recent findings
Telerheumatology visits were found to be noninferior to in-person visits and are often more time and cost effective for patients. Clinicians and patients both noted the lack of a physical exam in telehealth visits and patients missed the opportunity to have lab work done or other diagnostic tests they are afforded with in-person visits. Overall, patients and clinicians had positive attitudes toward the use of telerheumatology and agreed on its usefulness, even beyond the pandemic.

Summary
Although telerheumatology has the potential to expand the reach of rheumatology practice, some of the most vulnerable patients still lack the most basic resources required for a telehealth visit. As the literature on telerheumatology continues to expand, attention should be paid to health equity, the digital divide, as well as patient preferences in order to foster true shared decision-making over telehealth.
Recent advances in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Romeo Andrew R. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
This review examines recently published randomized placebo-controlled trials for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Recent findings
Until recently, treatments for NMOSD were used-off label and had not been subjected to randomized placebo-controlled trials. Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of NMOSD, particularly aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, lead to the investigation of eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab for maintenance therapy. Eculizumab inhibits the cleavage of the terminal complement protein C5, inebilizumab depletes immune cells of B-lymphocyte lineage, and satralizumab inhibits interleukin-6 receptors. International, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that each of these therapies reduces the risk of NMOSD relapse. In some cases, the studied therapies were administered in conjunction with other immunosuppressants. Each therapy has important safety considerations, notably risk of meningococcal infection with eculizumab and risks of infection and hypogammaglobulinemia with inebilizumab. Reviewing trial design highlights future areas of inquiry for the treatment of NMOSD.

Summary
Eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab are effective maintenance therapies approved for the treatment of AQP-4 seropositive NMOSD.
Treatment for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Roofeh David , Lescoat Alain , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
This review provides an overview of the current treatments for systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and proposes a conceptual framework for disease management with case scenarios.

Recent findings
Broad treatment categories include traditional cytotoxic therapies, biologic disease-modifying rheumatic drugs, antifibrotic agents, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and lung transplantation. The optimal use of each option varies depending on SSc-ILD severity, progression, and comorbidities of individual patients. A high-quality randomized controlled trial demonstrated nintedanib's ability to retard decline of lung function in patients with limited and diffuse cutaneous disease, with established ILD. Tocilizumab, recently approved by the FDA, provides a unique intervention in those with early SSc associated with ILD with elevated acute-phase reactants: two well designed trials showed lung function preservation in phase 2 and phase 3 trials.

Summary
Stratifying patients based on key SSc-ILD characteristics (e.g. severity, risk of progression, comorbid disease presentation) may provide a useful guide for practitioners treating SSc-ILD.
Practical management strategies for benign hypermobility syndromes
Authors: Minhas Deeba 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Patients with symptomatic hypermobility syndrome such as hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) commonly present to rheumatologists with joint pain and functional disability. Providers often have difficulty with diagnosis due to a lack of knowledge on the range of associated manifestations and the available therapeutic modalities. This review will discuss recent updates on diagnostic measures and treatment options for rheumatologists to help patients navigate hEDS/HSD.

Recent findings
This article describes newer diagnostic measures and assessment of hEDS/HSD manifestations. Evidence supporting physical therapy and occupational therapy is provided, as well as recent updates on assistive devices, compressive garments, orthoses, and surgical interventions. Given patient heterogeneity specific guidance about the amount and type of therapies required to produce a beneficial effect is lacking. Treatment should be individualized, and many of the studies focus on regional joint complaints rather than a whole-body approach.

Summary
Physical therapy and occupational therapy remain the cornerstone of treatment.