bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study Design of Optical Sensor 1D Photonic Crystal by Introducing Metal/Defect/Metal Multilayer Defect: Malaria Diagnosis
Authors: Ankita Ankita , Bissa Shivangi , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Nayak Chittaranjan , Bhargava Anami 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We introduce a defect layer between two metal layers at middle of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. This structure is used to study the tunable characteristic of proposed structure. The transmission, reflection and absorption are calculated using transfer matrix method. The influence of metal layer width, incident angle and defect layer refractive index has been investigated to analyze the tunable characteristic. The shifting of defect mode is improved with metal layer width and incident angle too. Due to metal layer, the localized surface plasmon wave causes decrease in transmission and appearance of absorption. For TE and TM polarization, the localized defect mode shows a blue shift with incident angle, but the transmission peak reduces with incident angle in TE polarization. Therefore, the proposed structure can be used as optical sensor with high sensitivity for malaria diagnosis compared with previous result.
Anaerobic co-digestion of grass and cow manure: kinetic modeling comparison and GHG emission reduction
Authors: Ulukardesler Ayse Hilal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Grass is a highly desirable substrate for anaerobic digestion because of its higher biodegradability and biogas/methane yield. It contains a large amount of organic matter, which can be digested anaerobically to produce biogas. Anaerobic co-digestion of grass, cow manure and sludge was studied under mesophilic conditions for 65 days. Experiments were performed on a feed ratio of grass/manure 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%, respectively. During the experiments the volume and concentration of biogas and methane were recorded daily. The maximum cumulative biogas and methane yield was obtained as 331.75 mLbiogas/gVS and 206.64 mLCH4/gVS for 25% ratio. Also, the results of the experiments were tested on the three different kinetics model which are the first order kinetic model, modified Gompertz model and Logistics model. As a result of the study, it was found that by using grass waste 1.2.109 kWh/year electricity may be produced and 1.106 tons/year CO2 greenhouse gas emission may be reduced.
Production of L-glutaminase From Agro-industrial Waste by Halomonas Elongata MM-5 Under Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Mujahed Mohammed , Jirgale Dhiraj G , Kareppa Basavraj M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study L-glutaminase production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata MM-5 using solid-state fermentation was investigated. Screening of a variety of agro-industrial byproducts such as rice husk, green gram husk, bengal gram husk, red gram husk, safflower oil cake, groundnut oil cake, black gram husk, groundnut skin and wheat bran was carried out individually and in different combinations. Optimization of various physicochemical parameters namely incubation time, pH, temperature, initial moisture content, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, L-glutamine concentration and inoculum level was carried out. Among the various substrates screened individually red gram husk supported the maximum production of enzyme 79.03±0.49 IU/gds. In the mixture of substrates screened red gram husk and bengal gram husk in the ratio (60:40) showed maximum 92.06±1.42 IU/gds enzyme production. The L-glutaminase production was maximum after 4 days of incubation period, pH 8, temperature 40°C and 80 percent moisture content. The lactose and malt extract used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively supported the maximum yield of L-glutaminase. After screening and optimization of various parameters, the yield of L-glutaminase increased from 79.03 to 159.12 IU/gds.
Iterative Parameter Identification for Fractional-Order Block-Oriented Nonlinear Systems with Application to a Battery Model
Authors: Ji Yan , Wang Junwei , Meng Xiangxiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates parameter and order identification of a class of block-oriented nonlinear systems. By using the hierarchical identification principle, the system is divided into two subsystems, which are a linear block system and a nonlinear block system. For the purpose of solving the difficulty of estimating two sets of parameter vectors, the over-parameterization method and the key item separation technique are used, respectively. Therefore, a two-stage over-parameterization gradient-based iterative algorithm and a key term separation two-stage gradient-based iterative algorithm are derived. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms are effective. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated through a battery model. The results show well agreement with the real system outputs.
Association Between Urate-Lowering Therapies and Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the MAPT Study.
Authors: MOLET-BENHAMOU Luc , GIUDICI Kelly VIRECOULON , BARRETO Philipe , ROLLAND Yves 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Long-term use of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) may reduce inflammaging and thus prevent cognitive decline during aging. This article examined the association between long-term use of ULT and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with spontaneous memory complaints.
Material and methods
We performed a secondary observational analysis using data of 1,673 participants ≥ 70 years old from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT Study), a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a multidomain intervention, the administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), both, or placebo on cognitive decline. We compared cognitive decline during the 5-year follow-up between three groups according to ULT use: participants treated with ULT during at least 75% of the study period (PT ≥ 75; n = 51), less than 75% (PT < 75; n = 31), and non-treated participants (PNT; n = 1,591). Cognitive function (measured by a composite score) was assessed at baseline, 6 months and every year for 5 years. Linear mixed models were performed and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of arterial hypertension or diabetes, baseline composite cognitive score, and MAPT intervention groups.
Results
After the 5-year follow-up, only non-treated participants presented a significant decline in the cognitive composite score (mean change − 0.173, 95%CI -0.212 to -0.135; p < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in change of the composite cognitive score between groups (adjusted between-group difference for PNT vs. PT < 75: 0.089, 95%CI -0.160 to 0.338, p = 0.484; PNT vs. PT ≥ 75: 0.174, 95%CI -0.042 to 0.391, p = 0.115).
Conclusion
Use of ULT was not associated with reduced cognitive decline over a 5-year follow-up among community-dwelling older adults at risk of dementia.
CoFe-LDO Nanoparticles as a Novel Catalyst of Permonosulfate (PMS) for Amino Acid Removal
Authors: Luo Yuye , Liu Cheng , Zhao Meiqi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been a subject of studies because of its potential to form nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in drinking water treatment. In our study, histidine was effectively degraded in the CoFe-LDO/PMS system. The results investigated that the removal of DON and histidine within 1 h in the CoFe-LDO/PMS system were up to 61% and 72%, respectively. Then the influences of CoFe-LDO dosage, PMS dosage and pH value for DON removal were elucidated. The optimum pH was 8, the optimal dosage of CoFe-LDO and PMS were 0.04 g/L and 0.5 mmol/L. It was found that SO4−• and •OH induced by the transformation of Co2+-Co3+ and Fe2+-Fe3+ on the catalyst surface were responsible for the degradation by ESR detection, in which SO4−• played a more important role. The degradation pathway of histidine indicated that it was partly oxidized to NH4+-N in the 60 min and no evident generation of N2 during the whole process. Furthermore, degradation products of histidine have also been revealed by the analysis of HPLC-MS. In addition, the generation potentials of two typical N-DBPs were also clarified. The formation potential of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) decreased, while that of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) increased firstly after declining.
Investigation of Drainage Structures In The Karst Aquifer System Through Turbidity Anomaly, Hydro Geochemical And Stable Isotope Analyzes (Kiyan Springs, Western Iran)
Authors: Kiyani Vahed , Esmaili Abbas , Alijani Farshad , Samani Saeideh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Karst aquifers typically have desirable physicochemical properties and can provide an important source of groundwater for drinking. Kiyan karst springs, located in the geological region of the Zagros (western Iran), consist of two springs (Keder and Zolal) situated 3 meters apart. The water of Zolal spring is always clear, with no turbidity during rainfall or earthquake phenomena, but Keder spring, which also provides drinking water to a city of 10,000 inhabitants (Kiyan city), has very high turbidity in these conditions, and this disrupts the drinking water supply for about 1 month per year in the study area. The interpretation of discharge time series diagrams, precipitation, and turbidity in different rainfall and earthquake conditions, composite diagrams, and stable isotope concentrations shows this study area to be a well-developed karst environment with ahighlyeroded tectonic zone and large karst conduits along with turbulent water flow. In general, the difference in the behavior of the two springs is related to different paths of water movement through the drainage area.The two springs share the same source of recharge from rainfall and the same initial underground drainage path from the largest sinkhole in the region; although the path of water movementis divided into two branches, with Zolal spring water entering a narrower fault channel. In the Zolal spring pathway, a siphon-shaped reservoir is formed where muddy rainwatersettles, so that the water from this spring is clear but hashigher concentrations of all ions analyzed here than Keder spring water.
Palatal Vault Morphometric Analysis of the Effects of Two Early Orthodontic Treatments in Anterior Open Bite Growing Subjects: A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Fusaroli Dimitri , Marino Ludovica , Mucedero Manuela , Cozza Paola 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatal morphological changes in Anterior Open Bite (AOB) pre-pubertal subjects treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Bite-Block (RME/BB) or Quad Helix with crib (QH/C) when compared with a Control Group (CG) by using Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMM). Methods: AOB group (AOBG) included 30 subjects (20 females, 10 males, mean age 8.1 ± 0.8ys) with dentoskeletal AOB. AOBG was divided in two subgroups according to the treatment strategy: RME/BB group (RME/BBg) included 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males, QH/C group (QH/Cg) comprised 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males). The two subgroups were compared with a CG of 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males) matched for sex, age, vertical pattern, and observation period. Digital upper dental casts were collected before treatment (T1) and at the end of the active treatment (T2). Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on dental casts and GMM was applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed.Results: At T2, RME/BBg when compared with QH/Cg evidenced no statistically significant differences. Instead, RME/BBg showed an increased maxillary transverse dimension and a decreased palatal depth when compared with CG. The comparison QH/Cg vs CG demonstrated a slight transversal maxillary expansion.Conclusions: RME/BBg showed significant changes in the transversal and vertical dimensions with a clear maxillary expansion and a decrease of the palatal depth when compared with QH/Cg and CG. QH/Cg showed a significant slight maxillary expansion and no variation in vertical and sagittal planes when compared with CG.
An Underexplored Diversity in “Yoksik Peron” [Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet] in East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: PANDEY DILEEP , Adhiguru P. , Pandey Anjula , Singh P. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As a legume and a source of protein, hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] serves as a resilient and efficient source not only of calories but also of proteins and has several therapeutic properties besides, which makes it a truly multifunctional legume. The present study describes the wide morphological diversity in “Yoksik peron” (local name of lablab bean) found in Pasighat (East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh) represented by14 landraces conserved and cultivated by the indigenous people mainly in their backyards and kitchen gardens. The width of the pod ranged from 1.6cm to 4.1cm and its length, from 4.7 cm to 20.1cm. The pods also differed in colour, seed size, and shape. Many of those landraces are more resistant to several biotic and abiotic sources of stress. Such diversity offers the opportunity to identify and select the genotypes with greater tolerance to stress, thereby contributing to making the ecosystem more resilient. In addition, contemporary studies on hyacinth bean have shown the wide range of health benefits it offers, especially its potent anti-obesity properties. To realize the bean’s full potential, we need an enabling policy environment for furthering research and mainstreaming to other locations.
Quantitative RT-PCR Detection of Human Noroviruses and Hepatitis A Virus in Surface Water and Fresh Produce
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed N.F. , Elmahdy Elmahdy M. , Mahmoud Lamiaa H. I. , Hammad Ibtisam A. , Soliman Elham R.S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vegetables can be considered as a vehicle for the transmission of human enteric viruses such as noroviruses (genogroups I and II) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) when irrigated with contaminated irrigation or when prepared by infected food handlers. In the current study, we investigated the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human noroviruses (genogroups I and II) in fresh produce and surface water used in cultivation of this produce using real-time PCR. Samples were collected from six different points in the Mansoura and Giza regions, Egypt. Our analysis showed that at least one virus was found in 41.6% (30/72) of surface water samples and 27% (13/48) of fresh produce samples. HAV (23/72) with a mean viral concentration = 4 × 106 genome copies/litter (GC/L) was the most frequently identified virus in surface irrigation water samples, followed by human norovirus genogroup II (HNoV GII) (15/72, with a mean concentration = 1.2 × 106 GC/L, and human noroviruses genogroup I (HNoV GI) (12/72, with a mean concentration = 1.4 × 104 GC/L). Additionally, HAV (10/48) with a mean concentration = 5.2 × 105 genome copies/gram (GC/g) was also the most frequently detected virus in the fresh produce samples, followed by HNoV GII (8/48, with a mean concentration = 1.7 × 104 GC/g), meanwhile HNoV GI (6/48) was less detected virus with a mean concentration = 3 × 103 GC/g. This work suggests a wide prevalence of human enteric viruses in surface irrigation waters and fresh produce, which is of concern when the fresh produce is eaten raw. Thus, Additional monitoring for viral pathogens in irrigation water and food is needed to increase produce safely.
A neuromarker for drug and food craving distinguishes drug users from non-users
Authors: Koban Leonie , Wager Tor , Kober Hedy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Craving is a core feature of substance use disorders and a strong predictor of relapse. It is linked to polysubstance use, overeating, pathological gambling, and other maladaptive behaviors. Despite its utility, craving measures are based on self-report, with associated limitations related to introspective access and variability across sociocultural contexts. Objective biological markers of craving, which could reveal the neurophysiology of craving, are lacking. For example, it remains unclear whether craving for drugs and food involve similar or separable mechanisms. Across three studies (N = 101), we combined fMRI with machine-learning to identify a brain-based marker of cue-evoked drug and food craving, resulting in a cross-validated multi-system pattern (or brain signature), including ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices, ventral striatum, temporal and parietal association areas, mediodorsal thalamus, and cerebellum. This signature predicted self-reported craving intensity (p < 0.002, within-person r = 0.50) and discriminated high from low craving with 78% accuracy. It also discriminated drug users versus non-users based on brain responses to drug (75% accuracy), but not food, cues. Predictive brain models trained on drug cues also transferred to food cues, and vice versa, suggesting shared neurophysiological mechanisms for drug and food craving. In conclusion, fMRI can be used to predict craving across different drug and food cues, and separate drug users from non-users. Future studies are needed to assess whether the brain signature of craving responds to clinical intervention and can predict long-term clinical outcomes.
Adolescent thalamic inhibition leads to long-lasting impairments in prefrontal cortex function
Authors: Benoit Laura , Holt Emma , Posani Lorenzo , Fusi Stefano , Harris Alexander , Canetta Sarah , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Impaired cortical maturation is a postulated mechanism in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. In sensory cortex, activity relayed by the thalamus during a postnatal sensitive period is essential for proper cortical maturation. Whether thalamic activity also shapes prefrontal cortical maturation is unknown. Here, we show that inhibiting the midline thalamus during adolescence leads to a long-lasting decrease in thalamo-prefrontal projection density and cortical excitation. Adolescent thalamic inhibition also causes prefrontal-dependent cognitive deficits during adulthood that are associated with disrupted prefrontal cross-correlations and task outcome encoding. In contrast, thalamic inhibition during adulthood has no long-lasting consequences. Strikingly, exciting the thalamus in adulthood during a cognitive task rescues prefrontal cross-correlations, task outcome encoding, and cognitive deficits. These data point to adolescence as a sensitive window of thalamo-cortical circuit maturation. Furthermore, by supporting prefrontal network activity, boosting thalamic activity provides a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Transcriptomes Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Roles of Noncoding RNA in Tanshinones Synthesis Pathway of Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Authors: Lin Caicai , Zhou Changhao , Liu Zhongqian , Li Xingfeng , Song Zhenqiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play fundamental roles in plant development. However, the information of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Salvia miltiorrhiza remains largely unexplored. In this study, the expression pattern of ncRNAs in six tissues from the same strain of S. miltiorrhiza was analyzed to study the biological function of ncRNAs on active ingredients synthesis.Methods: Analysis of tanshinone content differences of two root simples was carried out on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RNA sequencing, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were applied to analyzing the targets of diferentially expressed ncRNAs in different organs.Results: A total of 6,929 lncRNAs, 6,239 circRNAs, and 360 miRNAs were identified. Forty-eight lncRNAs, 70 miRNAs, and 26 circRNAs expressed differentially between red and white root tissues with significantly different tanshinone content. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of target genes of differently expressed ncRNAs indicated that some target genes are involved in the synthesis pathway of terpene, including diterpene and sesquiterpene. We also found many target genes related to secondary metabolites, including 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate Synthase (SmMCS) and several CYP450s. Furthermore, most target genes may be related to the resistance of pathogens, such as receptor kinases, disease-resistant proteins, and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins. Conclusions: The present study exhibited the tissue-specific expression patterns of ncRNAs preliminarily in S. miltiorrhiza, which may reflect that the formation of white root or red root is related to regulation by ncRNAs. It would provide a basis for further research about the regulation mechanism in the tanshinone synthesis process.
A Novel Approach based on Lifting Wavelet Transform for MIMO-OFDM Systems
Authors: Tuna Elif Büşra , Tek Yusuf İslam , Ozen Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, two methods are proposed to further increase the advantages of MIMO-OFDM systems such as high access quality, high data rates and spectral efficiency. The first of these is the combination of the MIMO-OFDM system with the fast Walsh Hadamard transform (FWHT) due to its high accomplishment with the ability to spread the data versus the disturbing influences of the channel. The second is the combination of Lifting wavelet transform (LWT), due to its superior advantages such as good time-frequency localization properties, ICI and ISI suppression capabilities due to its orthonormal structure, unlike fast Fourier transform (FFT), with MIMO-OFDM scheme. Computer simulation studies are carried out to verify the accomplishment of the suggested methods over the bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) benchmark. From the acquired outcomes, it is noticed that approximately 6 dB of SNR gain and approximately 2 dB of PAPR gain are achieved with the proposed method.