bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fiber intake is inversely related to serum heavy metal concentrations among US adults consuming recommended amounts of seafood: NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Guo Jiayue , Knol Linda L. , Yang Xin , Kong Lingyan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) have profound deleterious effects on human health, with seafood being the primary dietary source. Dietary fiber (DF) has been reported to bind heavy metals in animal models, thus promoting their excretion. However, little is known about such effect in human subjects. To examine the relationship between DF intake and blood heavy metal concentrations in adults consuming adequate amounts of seafood, a sample of adults (n = 422), with a mean age of 48 years (SE = 1.14), who consumed at least eight servings of seafood per month were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014). Average intake of DF was computed from two 24‐h recalls. Linear regression analyses were completed to assess the relationship between each of the three heavy metals and DF intake while adjusting for age, biological sex, race/ethnicity, and ratio of family income to poverty. Results showed that after adjusting for covariates, serum Cd and Pb levels were inversely related to DF intake among US adults meeting the recommendations for seafood consumption. Every 10 additional grams of DF intake is associated with 6.72% less serum Cd (p = 0.0010) and 5.65% less serum Pb (p = 0.0019) concentrations, respectively. Asian adults had significantly higher serum levels of Hg, Cd, and Pb (p < 0.0005) as compared to non‐Hispanic White adults. Age was positively related to serum heavy metal levels (p < 0.0001). Future research is warranted to investigate the mechanism of action.
Active and passive control of nanoparticles in ferromagnetic Jeffrey fluid flow
Authors: Revanna Lalitha Kora , Veeranna Yarranna , Thimmappa Sreenivasa Giriyajjara , Ashok Reddy Deshmukh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rheology of non‐Newtonian liquids has fascinated several researchers due to their wide‐ranging applications in manufacturing and engineering sectors like plastic processing, the mining industry, and lubrication. Also, the features of ferromagnetic non‐Newtonian fluids make it supportive for extensive usage in loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, computer hard drives, directing of magnetic drugs, and magnetic hyperthermia. Owing to such potential applications, the current study is concerned with the heat and mass transfer analysis in a ferromagnetic Jeffrey liquid flow over a stretching sheet. In the flow problem, Brownian moment, magnetic dipole, and thermophoresis features are used. The active and passive control of nanomaterials is also considered in the modeling. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the modeling equations are converted to ordinary differential equations, then these equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta process and the shooting approach. The numerical and graphical solutions for the thermal profile, concentration profile, skin friction, rate of heat, and mass transfer characteristics are obtained. The significant results of the current study are that the thermal profile is strongly stimulated and increases faster for active control case than passive control case for augmented values of thermophoresis parameter. The heat transfer is strongly stimulated and decreases faster for passive control case than active control case for growing values of Deborah number. The mass transfer rate decreases faster for the active control case for increasing values of Schmidt number.
Regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by autophagy in dengue virus infection
Authors: Wan Shu‐Wen , Lee Ying‐Ray , Ho Tzong‐Shiann , Chang Chih‐Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutophagy is not only an intracellular recycling degradation system that maintains cellular homeostasis but is also a component of innate immunity that contributes to host defense against viral infection. The viral components as well as viral particles trapped in autophagosomes can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Abundant evidence indicates that dengue virus (DENV) has evolved the potent ability to hijack or subvert autophagy process for escaping host immunity and promoting viral replication. Moreover, autophagy is often required to deliver viral components to pattern recognition receptors signaling for interferon (IFN)‐mediated viral elimination. Hence, this review summarizes DENV‐induced autophagy, which exhibits dual effects on proviral activity of promoting replication and antiviral activity to eliminating viral particles.
Characteristics of brain connectivity during verbal fluency test: Convolutional neural network for functional near‐infrared spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Wang Le‐Mei , Huang Yi‐Hua , Chou Po‐Han , Wang Yi‐Min , Chen Chung‐Ming , Sun Chia‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman connectome describes the complicated connection matrix of nervous system among human brain. It also possesses high potential of assisting doctors to monitor the brain injuries and recoveries in patients. In order to unravel the enigma of neuron connections and functions, previous research has strived to dig out the relations between neurons and brain regions. Verbal fluency test (VFT) is a general neuropsychological test, which has been used in functional connectivity investigations. In this study, we employed convolutional neural network (CNN) on a brain hemoglobin concentration changes (ΔHB) map obtained during VFT to investigate the connections of activated brain areas and different mental status. Our results show that feature of functional connectivity can be identified accurately with the employment of CNN on ΔHB mapping, which is beneficial to improve the understanding of brain functional connections.
Optimization for continuous‐wave terahertz reflection imaging for biological tissues
Authors: Wu Limin , Wang Yuye , Li Haibin , Wang Zelong , Ge Meilan , Xu Degang , Yao Jianquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContinuous‐wave terahertz reflection imaging is a potential tool for biological tissues. Based on our home‐made continuous‐wave terahertz reflection imaging system, the effect of both polarization mode and reflection window on the imaging performance is studied theoretically and experimentally, showing good agreement. By taking obtaining sample information and image contrast into consideration, p‐polarized terahertz waves are recommended. Moreover, considering the sample boundary identification and the image contrast, selection criteria for reflection window are proposed. This work will help to improve the performance of continuous‐wave terahertz reflection imaging and accelerate the THz imaging in biological application.
Fracture Fixation Technique and Chewing Side Impact Jaw Mechanics in Mandible Fracture Repair
Authors: Mehari Abraha Hyab , Iriarte‐Diaz José , Reid Russell R , Ross Callum F , Panagiotopoulou Olga 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLower jaw (mandible) fractures significantly impact patient health and well‐being due to pain and difficulty eating, but the best technique for repairing the most common subtype—angle fractures—and rehabilitating mastication is unknown. Our study is the first to use realistic in silico simulation of chewing to quantify the effects of Champy and biplanar techniques of angle fracture fixation. We show that more rigid, biplanar fixation results in lower strain magnitudes in the miniplates, the bone around the screws, and in the fracture zone, and that the mandibular strain regime approximates the unfractured condition. Importantly, the strain regime in the fracture zone is affected by chewing laterality, suggesting that both fixation type and the patient's post‐fixation masticatory pattern—ipsi‐ or contralateral to the fracture— impact the bone healing environment. Our study calls for further investigation of the impact of fixation technique on chewing behavior. Research that combines in vivo and in silico approaches can link jaw mechanics to bone healing and yield more definitive recommendations for fixation, hardware, and postoperative rehabilitation to improve outcomes. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Entrustable professional activities framework for assessment of patient handoffs in dentistry
Authors: Ramaswamy Vidya , Munz Stephanie M. , Nalliah Romesh , Fitzgerald Mark , Dragan Irina F. , Karimbux Nadeem , Shin Katherine , Danciu Theodora E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to report data on the lack of a proper patient handoff system in dentistry and dental education and to present a possible solution to integrate this into curriculum using the “entrustable professional activities” (EPAs) framework.MethodsDelphi participants from seven US dental schools provided feedback on a preliminary definition of handoff, a mnemonic and an assessment rubric. 2019 American Dental Education Association Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (ADEA CCI) participants further evaluated the handoff EPA using the EQual rubric for EPA quality and structure.ResultsDelphi participants identified points of transition in dentistry, selected the D‐PASS as a mnemonic, and agreed with the evaluation rubric. The ADEA CCI participants agreed the handoff EPA describes work that is essential for the profession and suitable for entrustment.ConclusionThe D‐PASS rubric is an effective way to assess patient handoffs.
Extracellular vesicles from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma endoscopic ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration samples contain a protein barcode
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Eguchi Akiko , Kobayashi Yoshinao , Usugi Eri , Yamada Reiko , Tsuboi Junya , Akuta Teruo , Horiki Noriyuki , Iwasa Motoh , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is very poor because early detection is difficult. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from cells associating with the cellular condition and circulated in the blood. We aimed to identify EV proteins from endoscopic ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy samples in order to develop novel biomarkers for PDAC.MethodsExtracellular vesicles were isolated from EUS‐FNA samples of 40 PDAC patients and six autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients to be used as a control. EV proteins were identified using nanoLC‐MS/MS.ResultsIntact EVs approximately 200 nm in diameter were detected from EUS‐FNA samples. We identified 2059 or 1032 EV proteins in PDAC or AIP, respectively, and 1071 EV proteins were detected only in PDAC. One hundred and fifty‐three EV proteins were significantly different between PDAC and AIP: 64 proteins were down‐regulated in PDAC whereas 89 EV proteins were up‐regulated in PDAC including mucins, keratins, Ras‐related proteins, and olfactomedin‐4, which proteins have been reported to be elevated in PDAC tissue/blood, or cultured pancreatic cancer cell lines. Notably, in the 89 up‐regulated PDAC EV proteins we identified novel proteins including ADP‐ribosylation factor 3, CD55, pyruvate kinase, and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor. Out of 89 proteins, a total of 13 proteins including Ras‐related proteins were significantly elevated in PDAC stages II‐IV compared to PDAC stage I, including Ras‐related proteins, moesin, and CD55.ConclusionsThe EV proteins obtained from EUS‐FNA samples contain a PDAC‐specific protein barcode. The EV proteins identified from EUS‐FNA samples include promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical staging of PDAC.
Cellular and molecular modulation of rotator cuff muscle pathophysiology
Authors: Fu Chengcheng , Huang Alice H. , Galatz Leesa M. , Han Woojin M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRotator cuff (RC) tendon tears are common shoulder injuries that result in irreversible and persistent degeneration of the associated muscles, which is characterized by severe inflammation, atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. Although RC muscle degeneration strongly dictates the overall clinical outcomes, strategies to stimulate RC muscle regeneration have largely been overlooked to date. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the cellular processes that coordinate muscle regeneration, and the roles of muscle resident cells, including immune cells, fibroadipogenic progenitors, and muscle satellite cells in the pathophysiologic regulation of RC muscles following injury. This review also provides perspectives for potential therapies to alleviate the hallmarks of RC muscle degeneration to address current limitations in postsurgical recovery.
Local and regional constraints on relative sea‐level changes in southern Isle of Skye, Scotland, since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Best Louise , Simms Alexander R. , Brader Martin , Lloyd Jerry , Sefton Juliet , Shennan Ian 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTNew relative sea‐level (RSL) data constrain the timing and magnitude of RSL changes in the southern Isle of Skye following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We identify a marine limit at ~23 m OD, indicating RSL ~20 m above present c. 15.1 ka. Isolation basin data, supported by terrestrial and marine limiting dates, record an RSL fall to 11.59 m above present by c. 14.2 ka. This RSL fall occurs across the time of global Meltwater Pulse 1A, supporting recent research on the sources of ice melting. Our new data also help to resolve some of the chronological issues within the existing Isle of Skye RSL record and provide details of the sub‐Arctic marine environment associated with the transition into Devensian Lateglacial climate at c. 14.5 k cal a bp, and the timing of changes in response to the Loch Lomond Stadial climate. Glacio‐isostatic adjustment (GIA) model predictions of RSL deviate from the RSL constraints and reflect uncertainties in local and global ice models used within the GIA models. An empirical RSL curve provides a target for future research.
Trends in Adjuvant Therapy After Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Philips Ramez , Sagheer Hamad , Barsouk Adam , Swendseid Brian , Johnson Jennifer , Bar Ad Voichita , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph , Cognetti David 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisWe aim to 1) evaluate trends in adjuvant treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal cancer; 2) assess change in complications and functional outcomes over time; and 3) assess change in overall and disease‐free survival (DFS) over time.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsCharts of patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery for HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed. Trend analysis was used to compare rate of adjuvant treatment over time. The Kaplan–Meier method was conducted to analyze overall survival (OS) and DFS.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐two patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and sixty‐three (47.7%) patients underwent adjuvant radiation, and 90 (26.3%) patients underwent adjuvant chemoradiation. Rate of extranodular extension decreased significantly from 38.9% to 24.0% (P = .004). Rate of adjuvant therapy decreased significantly from 90.9% to 62.5% between 2011 and 2019 (P = .001). In patients who received adjuvant treatment, rate of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy decreased significantly from 40.0% to 20.0% (P < .0005). There was a decrease in rate of 1‐year gastrostomy tube dependence in patients treated in 2015 to 2019 versus 2011 to 2014 (2.2% vs. 7.1%, P = .025). In 2011 to 2014, 2‐year OS and DFS were 96% and 89%, respectively; in 2015 to 2019, 2‐year OS and DFS were 96% and 94%, respectively. There was no difference in OS or DFS between the two time periods.ConclusionsThe rate of adjuvant therapy, particularly chemotherapy, has decreased over time. One‐year gastrostomy tube dependence rate has decreased significantly from 2011 to 2014 to 2015 to 2019. There was no change in OS and DFS over this time period.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:806–812, 2022
3D Printed Tooling for Injection Molded Microfluidics
Authors: Convery Neil , Samardzhieva Iliyana , Stormonth‐Darling John Moir , Harrison Sean , Sullivan Gareth J. , Gadegaard Nikolaj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrofluidics have been used for several decades to conduct a wide range of research in chemistry and the life sciences. The reduced dimensions of these devices give them advantages over classical analysis techniques such as increased sensitivity, shorter analysis times, and lower reagent consumption. However, current manufacturing processes for microfluidic chips either limit them to materials with unwanted properties, or are not cost‐effective for rapid‐prototyping approaches. Here the authors show that inlays for injection moulding can be 3D printed, thus reducing the skills, cost, and time required for tool fabrication. They demonstrate the importance of orientation of the part during 3D printing so that features as small as 100 × 200 µm can be printed. They also demonstrate that the 3D printed inlay is durable enough to fabricate at least 500 parts. Furthermore, devices can be designed, manufactured, and tested within one working day. Finally, as demonstrators they design and mould a microfluidic chip to house a plasmonic biosensor as well as a device to house liver organoids showing how such chips can be used in organ‐on‐a‐chip applications. This new fabrication technique bridges the gap between small production and industrial scale manufacturing, while making microfluidics cheaper, and more widely accessible.
Absolute choline tissue concentration mapping for prostate cancer localization and characterization using 3D 1H MRSI without water‐signal suppression
Authors: Tayari Nassim , Wright Alan J. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeUntil now, 1H MRSI of the prostate has been performed with suppression of the large water signal to avoid distortions of metabolite signals. However, this signal can be used for absolute quantification and spectral corrections. We investigated the feasibility of water‐unsuppressed MRSI in patients with prostate cancer for water signal–mediated spectral quality improvement and determination of absolute tissue levels of choline.MethodsEight prostate cancer patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy underwent multi‐parametric MRI at 3 T, including 3D water‐unsuppressed semi‐LASER MRSI. A postprocessing algorithm was developed to remove the water signal and its artifacts and use the extracted water signal as intravoxel reference for phase and frequency correction of metabolite signals and for absolute metabolite quantification.ResultsWater‐unsuppressed MRSI with dedicated postprocessing produced water signal and artifact‐free MR spectra throughout the prostate. In all patients, the absolute choline tissue concentration was significantly higher in tumorous than in benign tissue areas (mean ± SD: 7.2 ± 1.4 vs 3.8 ± 0.7 mM), facilitating tumor localization by choline mapping. Tumor tissue levels of choline correlated better with the commonly used (choline + spermine + creatine)/citrate ratio (r = 0.78 ± 0.1) than that of citrate (r = 0.21 ± 0.06). The highest maximum choline concentrations occurred in high‐risk cancer foci.ConclusionThis report presents the first successful water‐unsuppressed MRSI of the whole prostate. The water signal enabled amelioration of spectral quality and absolute metabolite quantification. In this way, choline tissue levels were identified as tumor biomarker. Choline mapping may serve as a tool in prostate cancer localization and risk scoring in multi‐parametric MRI for diagnosis and biopsy procedures.
Quantification of balanced SSFP myocardial perfusion imaging at 1.5 T: Impact of the reference image
Authors: McElroy Sarah , Kunze Karl P. , Milidonis Xenios , Huang Li , Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Evans Carl , Bosio Filippo , Mughal Nabila , Masci Pier Giorgio , Neji Radhouene , Razavi Reza , Chiribiri Amedeo , Roujol Sébastien 
Published: September 2021

PurposeTo investigate the use of a high flip‐angle (HFA) balanced SSFP (bSSFP) reference image (in comparison to conventional proton density [PD]–weighted reference images) for conversion of bSSFP myocardial perfusion images into dynamic T1 maps for improved myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification at 1.5 T.MethodsThe HFA‐bSSFP (flip angle [FA] = 50°), PD gradient‐echo (PD‐GRE; FA = 5°), and PD‐bSSFP (FA = 8°) reference images were acquired before a dual‐sequence bSSFP perfusion acquisition. Simulations were used to study accuracy and precision of T1 and MBF quantification using the three techniques. The accuracy and precision of T1, and the precision and intersegment variability of MBF were compared among the three techniques in 8 patients under rest conditions.ResultsIn simulations, HFA‐bSSFP demonstrated improved T1/MBF precision (higher T1/MBF SD of 30%‐80%/50%‐100% and 30%‐90%/60%‐115% for PD‐GRE and PD‐bSSFP, respectively). Proton density–GRE and PD‐bSSFP were more sensitive to effective FA than HFA‐bSSFP (maximum T1/MBF errors of 13%/43%, 20%/43%, and 1%/3%, respectively). Sensitivity of all techniques (defined as T1/MBF errors) to native T1, native T2, and effective saturation efficiency were negligible (<1%/<1%), moderate (<14%/<19%), and high (<63%/<94%), respectively. In vivo, no difference in T1 accuracy was observed among HFA‐bSSFP, PD‐GRE, and PD‐bSSFP (−9 ± 44 ms vs −28 ± 55 ms vs −22 ± 71 ms, respectively; p > .08). The HFA‐bSSFP led to improved T1/MBF precision (T1/MBF SD: 41 ± 19 ms/0.24 ± 0.08 mL/g/min vs PD‐GRE: 48 ± 20 ms/0.29 ± 0.09 mL/g/min and PD‐bSSFP: 59 ± 23 ms/0.33 ± 0.11 mL/g/min; p ≤ .02) and lower MBF intersegment variability (0.14 ± 0.09 mL/g/min vs PD‐GRE: 0.21 ± 0.09 mL/g/min and PD‐bSSFP: 0.20 ± 0.10 mL/g/min; p ≤ .046).ConclusionWe have demonstrated the feasibility of using a HFA‐bSSFP reference image for MBF quantification of bSSFP perfusion imaging at 1.5 T. Results from simulations demonstrate that the HFA‐bSSFP reference image results in improved precision and reduced sensitivity to effective FA compared with conventional techniques using a PD reference image. Preliminary in vivo data acquired at rest also demonstrate improved precision and intersegment variability using the HFA‐bSSFP technique compared with PD techniques; however, a clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease under stress conditions is required to determine the clinical significance of this finding.
Antimicrobial stewardship program in pediatric medicine
Authors: Probst Varvara , Islamovic Florinda , Mirza Ayesha 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe rising threats from antimicrobial resistance due to inappropriate utilization of antimicrobial agents in health care including the pediatric population has been a topic of concern at the global level for the last several decades. The antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is a multidisciplinary institutional initiative focusing primarily on the improvement of antimicrobial prescribing practices and limiting inappropriate use. ASPs play an important role in the implementation of healthcare strategies in pediatrics worldwide to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Many published reports demonstrate how adapted ASPs in pediatrics result in improvement of unnecessary antimicrobial utilization, decreasing drug resistance and treatment failure, minimization of adverse clinical outcomes, decreasing healthcare costs and hospital length of stay, and optimization of diagnostic strategies. However, some barriers in pediatric ASP still exist. This narrative review describes core elements of ASP, the impact of implemented ASPs on pediatric healthcare, and challenges of pediatric ASP as seen by the authors.