bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms of menopause vary between sedente and migrant groups? A study on the Oraon tribal populations of Eastern India
Authors: Thakur Joyeeta , Goswami Monali , Roy Subho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesHuman reproductive characteristics are embedded within local ecological contexts. A shift in the local ecology is likely to offer challenges in reproductive outcome. We aimed to investigate sedente–migrant variation in experiencing vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms at perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages and its concomitants.MethodsFour hundred Oraon tribal populations living in Eastern India (sedente [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups] and migrants [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups]) were studied. Data on vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms, socio‐demographic and reproductive history, body compositions, lifestyle variables, and energy intake were compared between sedente and migrant independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the principal components (PCs) of menopausal symptoms. A two level multilevel linear regression was applied independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups to identify the concomitants of menopausal symptoms and estimate sedente–migrant variance.ResultsBivariate analysis showed significant (p ≤ .05) sedente–migrant differences in socio‐demographic, reproductive, body composition, energy intake, and lifestyle variables and in some of the vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms. In multilevel analyses, random effect did not show significant heterogeneity between sedente and migrant groups in experiencing menopausal symptoms; however, fixed effect showed that region from which participants were recruited (Gram Panchayat [GP]) and individual level characteristics were concomitants (p ≤ .05) for menopausal symptoms, irrespective of menopausal status.ConclusionVariability at GP levels and individual level characteristics of sedente and migrant groups predominantly determined menopausal symptoms of the study populations, but not the migration status.
A study on the flame retardant modification of bisphenol A benzoxazine
Authors: Zhang Yingbing , Liu Hua , Li Xiang , Liu Zuozhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a P‐N synergistic flame retardant AG601‐DOPO (abbreviated as A‐D) was prepared by the reaction of tetrafunctional glycidyl amine epoxy resin (AG601) with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO). The chemical structure of the product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Then, A‐D and bisphenol A benzoxazine (BA‐a) were mixed in different proportions to form a binary mixed system BA‐a‐A‐D (abbreviated as BAD) to improve the flame retardant properties of BA‐a. The results showed that the addition of A‐D can greatly improve the flame retardancy of BA‐a. When the content of A‐D was greater than or equal to 10%, the UL‐94 of BAD cured resin can reach the V‐0 rating. With the increasing of A‐D content, the LOI of BAD cured resin was increased from 23.8% to 37.1%. The results of cone calorimetry (CONE) test indicated that the total heat release (THR) was decreased from 120.7 to 78.2 MJ/m2, and the decrease was 35.2%. In addition, the effect of the introduction of A‐D on the thermal stability and heat resistance of BA‐a resin was analyzed. It was found that the temperature of the BAD‐cured resin at 5% thermal weight loss (Td5%) was above 300°C and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was above 186°C, still maintaining good thermal properties. Finally, the mechanical properties of BAD cured resin decreased slightly without affecting the use of materials.
Easy Fabrication of Amorphous Covalent Organic Nanospheres Using Schiff‐Base Chemistry for Iodine Capture
Authors: Sun Junyong , Zhang Rongchao , Yao Genxiu , Zhang Qiang , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning a strategy for easy fabrication of amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs) with regularly nanospherical structure using common chemical raw materials is highly imperative to promote the practical application for iodine capture. Uniform covalent organic nanospheres (CONs), defined as CON‐TT, were easily prepared at room temperature via a Schiff base condensation reaction of tri(4‐aminophenyl) methane (TAPM) and terephthalaldehyde (TPA) catalyzed by acetic acid. The obtained CON‐TT exhibits a uniform nanospherical shape, high specific surface area, effective imine sorption sites and abundant benzene rings. An excellent reversible iodine adsorption capacity of 4.80 g g−1 is achieved, which can be attributed to the hybrid of physisorption and chemisorption process. We anticipate that this work can provide general guidance for the industrial large‐scale preparation of other CONs for iodine capture.
Matrix expression of Owen values
Authors: Zhu Sanmei , Feng Jun‐e , Sun Liying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Owen value is investigated in this paper. It is a generation of Shapley value as a solution of cooperative games with coalition structures. First, a characteristic function of a cooperative game is expressed as a pseudo‐logical function by using semi‐tensor product of matrices. Then, a matrix formula is given for calculating Owen values. The matrix formula not only makes computing more convenient but also facilitates theoretical analysis. Therefore, an application of Owen value in distributed welfare games is presented. Utility functions of a distributed welfare game with coalition structure are designed based on Owen value. Examples are showed to illustrate the theoretical results.
Joint control of consensus and evidence in Bayesian design of clinical trials
Authors: De Santis Fulvio , Gubbiotti Stefania 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Bayesian inference, prior distributions formalize preexperimental information and uncertainty on model parameters. Sometimes different sources of knowledge are available, possibly leading to divergent posterior distributions and inferences. Research has been recently devoted to the development of sample size criteria that guarantee agreement of posterior information in terms of credible intervals when multiple priors are available. In these articles, the goals of reaching consensus and evidence are typically kept separated. Adopting a Bayesian performance‐based approach, the present article proposes new sample size criteria for superiority trials that jointly control the achievement of both minimal evidence and consensus, measured by appropriate functions of the posterior distributions. We develop both an average criterion and a more stringent criterion that accounts for the entire predictive distributions of the selected measures of minimal evidence and consensus. Methods are developed and illustrated via simulation for trials involving binary outcomes. A real clinical trial example on Covid‐19 vaccine data is presented.
Fluorescence detection of carbofuran in aqueous extracts based on dual‐emission SiO2@Y2O3:(Eu3+,Tb3+)@MIP core‐shell structural nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Shilin , Long Zerong , Lu Yi , Chen Jia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel double‐windows fluorescence sensor for carbofuran (CF) detection was successfully developed based on rare‐earth Eu,Tb‐doped Y2O3@SiO2‐based molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MINs) with a multilayer core‐shell structure. The recognition process of the MINs for CF was fairly fast and needed only ~8 min to reach a dynamic equilibrium. Interestingly, one fluorescence attenuation window was found with an increase in CF concentration (Q) from 0.1 to 10 μg ml−1 and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 μg ml−1 at 544 nm belonging to the Tb3+ emission, as well as another fluorescence enhanced window within the CF concentration range 10–100 μg ml−1 (LOD = 4 μg ml−1) at 617 nm of Eu3+ emission in the dispersed rare‐earth‐doped MIN colloidal aqueous solution. Luminescence resonance energy transfer from CF to Eu3+ and an inner filter effect of CF towards Tb3+, as well from the two independent detection windows were clearly observed simultaneously. The competition experiment displayed hardly any marked interference during detection of CF following addition of its analogues (carbaryl, isoprocarb, aldicarb, methomyl, and etofenprox). Moreover, the MINs could also be applied to accurately detect CF in rhubarb and wolfberry samples with recoveries of 85.7–92.2%. This sensing system has high specific recognition and a wide detection range for CF and provides new opportunities for pesticide detection.
Reviving the stalled revolution of the working mother: Multi‐level intervention paths towards more gender balance
Authors: Boroş Smaranda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis commentary advances evidence‐based propositions for interventions targeting the stalled side of the gender revolution: gender balanced roles in the home domain. Such interventions should be approached in a multi‐level frame, from (1) socialization; to (2) family‐level interventions; (3) organisational policies; and (4) societal policy/governance levels. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Enhance Photophosphorylation by Positive Feedback
Authors: Dong Zhenzhen , Fei Jinbo , Wang Tonghui , Xu Xia , Dong Weiguang , Li Junbai 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryWe construct a natural‐artificial hybrid architecture containing black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) to enhance photosynthesis of chloroplast in a positive‐feedback manner. In this architecture, oxygen yielded by photosynthesis during water splitting by photosystem II promotes the photoreaction of BPNS to produce proton and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Further, transmembrane proton gradient is increased to drive ATP synthase to synthesize ATP. Meanwhile, additional photogenerated electrons produced by BPNS are transferred to the photosynthesis process. As a consequence, photosynthesis performed by chloroplast is improved. Quantitatively, photophosphorylation efficacy of the hybrid system is increased by 1.89 times in the case of Pi deficiency. This work offers a new path to enhance solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion, holding promise in boosting natural photosynthesis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sn, Ge, and Zr Isomorphous Substituted MFI Nanosheets for Glucose Isomerization to Fructose
Authors: Dugkhuntod Pannida , Maineawklang Narasiri , Rodaum Chadatip , Pornsetmetakul Peerapol , Saenluang Kachaporn , Salakhum Saros , Wattanakit Chularat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvited for a cover feature this month is the research group of Asst. Prof. Dr. Chularat Wattanakit from School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Thailand. The cover picture shows the facile synthesis of Sn, Ge, and Zr isomorphously substituted MFI with hierarchical structures by a one‐pot hydrothermal process. These designed materials illustrate the promising catalytic performance in glucose isomerization to fructose. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Chularat Wattanakit, and co‐workers.
Pulse-Exposure Toxicity of Ammonia and Propoxur to the Tropical Copepod Acartia sinjiensis
Authors: Stone Sarah , Koppel Darren , Binet Monique T. , Simpson Stuart L. , Jolley Dianne F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Toxicity risk assessments of short-term discharges of contaminated waters to the aquatic environment have shown that receptor organisms can tolerate higher pulse-exposure than continuous-exposure concentrations of some contaminants. However, these observations are influenced by the mode of toxicity of the contaminants present and the concentration–time profile of the exposure. For common metal contaminants, the time-weighted average concentration (TAC) of the exposure has been useful for predicting risk of toxicity to multiple species, including the tropical, euryhaline copepod Acartia sinjiensis. To increase our understanding of the application and limitations of the TAC approach, the present study examined how varied pulse-exposure durations affect the toxicity of fast-acting contaminants, ammonia, and the common pesticide propoxur to this copepod species. Copepod larvae were exposed under continuous-exposure conditions (all life stages from eggs to nauplii to copepodites exposed) and as 6- and 18-h pulse exposures applied during the most sensitive life stage only (24-h-old nauplii) within 78-h tests. Larval development ratio and population size were assessed as test endpoints. Generally, increased exposure duration resulted in increased toxicity. Trends observed for ammonia and propoxur were slightly different for larval development and population size. Larvae tolerated greater concentrations of contaminants in a 6-h pulse (higher 10% effect concentration) than in an 18-h pulse, or a continuous 78-h exposure, whereas toxicity responses converged for the 18- and 78-h exposures. Continuous toxicity thresholds were always protective of pulse exposures, providing a conservative toxicity threshold for all durations of pulse exposures. Although generalizations for predictions of risk based on TACs are frequently effective for common metal contaminants, the TAC approach was not effective for ammonia and propoxur. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:208–218. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
A marine copepod bioassay was utilised to assess the toxicity of ammonia and propoxur under various exposure scenarios: 78-h continuous exposure, 6-h pulse, or an 18-h pulse exposure. The larval development ratio and population size endpoints were assessed for all exposure scenarios at 78-h.
Spatial Variation in Contaminant Occurrence in Marine Fishes and Prawns from Coastal Tanzania
Authors: Haarr Ane , Mwakalapa Eliezer B. , Lyche Jan L. , Mmochi Aviti J. , Polder Anuschka , Ruus Anders , Borgå Katrine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are limited data on organic contaminants in marine biota from coastal Tanzania, especially on the occurrence of industrial-use contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The present study, performed in 2018–2019 in coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar Island, aimed at assessing spatial variation in the occurrence of PCBs; brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including PBDEs; and organochlorine pesticides, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), among three locations that differ in degree of anthropogenic activity. Analyzed samples included edible tissues of marine fishes and prawns representing different trophic levels and habitats. The results indicate a mainland–island difference, with fishes and prawns collected on Zanzibar having significantly lower PCB and DDT concentrations but higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene compared to the two mainland locations. The highest contaminant concentrations were found in fishes and prawns collected around central Dar es Salaam harbor, with median ΣPCBs ranging from 22.3 to 577 ng/g lipid weight and ΣDDTs from 22.7 to 501 ng/g lipid weight, suggesting local sources. Concentrations of PBDEs were similar among locations, suggesting more diffuse sources. None of the “newer-type” BFRs, including compounds introduced as replacements for PBDEs, were detected in the present study. Stable isotope values of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) varied among locations, and the relationship between contaminants and δ15N varied among locations and habitat (pelagic/demersal). Concentrations measured in the present study are below European guidelines for human consumption of fishes and prawns. However, industrial-use contaminants should be monitored in developing countries because they are contaminants of emerging concern as a result of increasing industrialization and global trade of used products and wastes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:321–333. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Mean contaminant concentrations of sum polychlorinated biphenyls, sum polybrominated diphenyl ethers, sum hexachlorobenzene, and sum dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes in edible tissues of marine fishes and prawns collected from Dar es Salaam, Kunduchi, and Zanzibar. Study species vary in trophic level and habitat and have been pooled to assess spatial variation in contaminant concentrations among locations. DDTs = dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes; HCB = hexachlorobenzene; PCB = polychlorinated biphenyl; PBDE = polybrominated diphenyl ether; lw = lipid weight.
Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce lower alcohols and ether over Co‐Cu‐Zn‐Al catalyst
Authors: Li Jia‐Chen , Cao Yan , Xu Shuang , He Peng , Wang Liguo , Hui Xiang , Li Hui‐Quan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, Cu‐Co‐Zn‐Al catalysts were prepared by synchronous aging coprecipitation method for direct hydrogenation of CO2 to lower alcohols and ether. The catalysts were characterized by N2 phyhsical adsorption, ICP‐OES, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, and XPS. Results showed that the particle size of catalysts ranged from 8.6 to 10.6 nm, indicating that higher reduction temperature resulted in the aggregation of the metal oxide particles. The sheet‐like morphology of catalyst Cu‐Co‐Zn‐Al‐500 is beneficial to expose more active sites. During the reduction process, Co3O4 was reduced to CoO and Co, and CuO was reduced to metallic Cu. Moreover, catalytic performance evaluation results showed that under the reaction temperature of 200°C and reaction time of 10 h, the total carbon formation rate of the liquid product reached 116 C μmol·gcat–1·h–1, with the corresponding yields of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and diisopropyl ether were 31, 41, 12, and 32 C μmol·gcat–1·h–1, respectively. Mechanism study suggested that, Cu played the role of activating the C=O bond of CO2 to form intermediates, Co2+ and Co0 played an important role for C‐C coupling in the reaction, ZnO improved the dispersion and stability of Cu, and Al2O3 as a support played a role in promoting methanol synthesis and alcohol dehydration to produce diisopropyl ether due to its strong Lewis acidity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of wage beliefs in the decision to become a nurse
Authors: Kugler Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn light of skilled‐labor shortage, the effect of a change in the wage of nurses on their labor supply is intensely discussed in recent literature. Using extensive data of German 14‐ to 15‐year‐olds, I analyze the role of the beliefs about a nurse's wage in the decision to become one. To estimate a partial effect, I select controls and their functional form using post‐double‐selection, which is a data‐driven selection method based on regression shrinkage. Highlighting the importance of wages at the extensive margin of labor supply, the wage beliefs play a positive and statistically significant role. Although information is publicly available, educational choices knowingly suffer from misinformation. I find that especially those who do not become a nurse understate the wage. The results lead to two important policy implications. First, increasing the wage may help to overcome the shortage observed in many countries. Second, providing more information on the (relative) wage may be a successful strategy to attract more individuals into this profession. To assess the sensitivity of the results regarding omitted variable bias, I apply a novel approach. It turns out that potential unobserved confounders would have to be strong to overrule the conclusions.
Multilevel modeling, prevalence, and predictors of hypertension in Ghana: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. , Dagne Getachew A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsHypertension is a major public health issue, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke, especially in developing countries where the rates remain unacceptably high. In Africa, hypertension is the leading driver of cardiovascular disease and stroke deaths. Identification of critical risk factors of hypertension can help formulate targeted public health programs and policies aimed at reducing the prevalence and its associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. This study attempts to develop multilevel regression, an in‐depth statistical model to identify critical risk factors of hypertension.MethodsThis study used data on 4667 individuals aged ≥18 years from the nationally representative World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 2 conducted in 2014/2015. Multilevel regression modeling was employed to identify critical risk factors for hypertension based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ie, SBP > 140 mmHg). Of the 4667, 27.3% were hypertensive. Final data on 4381 individuals residing in 3790 households were analyzed using multilevel models, and results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsRisk factors for hypertension identified were age (aOR) = 5.4, 95% CI: 4.11‐7.09), obesity (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19‐1.91), marital status (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64‐0.89), perceived health state (moderate; aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.65 and bad/very bad; aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.0‐1.83), and difficulty with self‐care (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.1‐2.44). We found unobserved significant differences in the likelihood of hypertension prevalence between different households.ConclusionAddressing the problem of obesity, targeting specific interventions to those aged over 50 years, and improvement in the general health of Ghanaians are paramount to reducing the prevalence and its associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. Lifestyle modification in the form of dietary intake, knowledge provision supported with strong public health message, and political will could be beneficial to the management and prevention of hypertension.
Study on the effect of sevoflurane on the cognitive function of aged rats based on the activation of cortical microglia
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Jie , Zhang Chao , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhang Xiao‐Xi , Zhang Nai‐Xin , Fang Xu , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Liu De‐Xing , Xu Shan , Xu Mei‐Qi , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical manifestation that is a severe complication characterized by decreased learning ability and deterioration of memory following anesthesia and surgery. However, the precise mechanisms of POCD are not completely understood. Rats were divided into blank control group (Con, n = 12) and sevoflurane group (Sev, n = 12). Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the ability of learning and memory in two groups of rats; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ion calcium‐binding adaptor molecule‐1 (Iba‐1) in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC); Western blot analysis was applied respectively to investigate Iba‐1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase‐1 (ARG1), inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) expression; The expression of iNOS, ARG1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in sera of rats was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We found that sevoflurane induced learning and memory impairment assessed by morris water maze test, anesthesia up‐regulated the expression of iNOS, IL‐1β and TNF‐α inflammasome in microglia, as indicated by increased activation of Iba‐1 and reduced the level of ARG1 in the PFC. We conclude that the cognitive function of rats after inhaling anesthesia was likely associated with M1/M2 polarization of microglia, which was triggered by sevoflurane.