bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prediction models for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infection in emergency department
Authors: Zhou Yiwu , Zhang Shu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Resistance in gram-negative bacteria has gained great importance in recent decades and one reason is the rapid increase of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria as a growing problem worldwide. The increasing proportion of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) infections acquired in the emergency community is a new feature of ESBLs epidemiology. Early recognition of patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infection is important in the emergency department. To mitigate the burden on the healthcare system, while also providing the best possible care for patients, early recognition of the infection is needed.

Methods:
For the acquisition of required data of eligible prospective/retrospective cohort study or randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we will search for publications from PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google scholar. Two independent reviewers will read the full English text of the articles, screened and selected carefully, removing duplication. Then we evaluate the quality and analyses data by Review Manager (V.5.4). Results data will be pooled and meta-analysis will be conducted if there's 2 eligible studies considered.

Results:
This systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the value of the early prediction models for Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E coli infection in emergency department.

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide clinical evidence for predicting Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E coli infection in emergency department, inform our understanding of the value of the predictive model in predicting Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E coli infection in emergency department in the early stage. The conclusions drawn from this study may be beneficial to patients, clinicians, and health-related policy makers.

Study registration number:
INPLASY202130049.
The influence of fasting and caloric restriction on inflammation levels in humans
Authors: Zhou Rui-han , Wang Qian , Hu Xiao-min , Liu Mei , Zhang An-Ren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Fasting and caloric restriction have a potential means of anti-inflammatory, as they can decrease the level of systemic inflammation. Although encouraging results have been obtained in animal experiments, there is no consensus on whether these results are applicable to human. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the influence of fasting and caloric restriction on inflammation levels in humans.

Methods:
The systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The following eight databases will be searched:(The retrieval time is from the establishment of each database to December 2020): PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wan Fang Data, the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP). Relevant data will be performed by Revman 5.3 software provided (Cochrane Collaboration) and Stata 14.0 statistical software.

Results:
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions:
This systematic review will provide evidence to judge the effectiveness of fasting and calorie restriction in human subjects, so as to provide a sound basis for future research and lifestyle promotion.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202130026
Navigation-guided percutaneous pelvic cementoplasty for metastatic bone pain
Authors: Lee Ji Hyeon , Kim In Young , Kim Young Don , Lee So Young , Jung Jin Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Percutaneous cementoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that can provide immediate pain relief and improve range of motion in patients with metastatic bone pain. Conventionally, this procedure is guided by computed tomography (CT). However, to minimize exposure to radiation, we performed percutaneous cementoplasty under the guidance of a navigation system.

Patient concerns:
A 60-year-old man presented with left hip pain for several months due to bone metastasis in the left ilium.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with lung cancer and multiple bone metastases including ileum.

Interventions:
The puncture needle was placed under the guidance of a navigation system with pre-procedure CT images, and bone cement was injected into the osteolytic lesion in the left ilium.

Outcomes:
Bone cement placement was confirmed by post-procedure radiography, and its distribution was satisfactory. The patient's Karnofsky Performance Scale and Brief Pain Inventory scores showed improvement in pain and mobility without complications.

Lessons:
Percutaneous cementoplasty guided by a navigation system is a safer and more effective method with less radiation compared with conventional CT-guided methods.
Should Catatonia Be Conceptualized as a Pathological Response to Trauma?
Authors: Biles Trever R. , Anem Gautam , Youssef Nagy A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although catatonia is related to several medical conditions, catatonia as a response to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is less clear. The aim of this review is to explore the small emerging body of preliminary evidence that suggests a possible correlation between psychological trauma and catatonia. Initial data suggests a correlation between episodes of intense fear associated with trauma and PTSD and some forms of catatonic responses. Although this relationship is still speculative to be causative, it can have important implications if confirmed. This is especially salient when it is examined alongside existing studies of the response to fear in animals and the phenomenon of tonic immobility, which bears a striking resemblance to catatonia in humans. If prospective studies further support the initial findings, it could change our conceptual understanding of the etiology of a subtype of catatonia substantially while pointing to likely targets of further research to understand the biological mechanisms that underlie the illness.
Circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents: evidence of interactions between chronic pain and obesity
Authors: Hainsworth Keri R. , Simpson Pippa M. , Raff Hershel , Grayson Mitchell H. , Zhang Liyun , Weisman Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The negative effects of chronic pain and obesity are compounded in those with both conditions. Despite this, little research has focused on the pathophysiology in pediatric samples.

Objective:
To examine the effects of comorbid chronic pain and obesity on the concentration of circulating inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods:
We used a multiple-cohort observational design, with 4 groups defined by the presence or absence of obesity and chronic pain: healthy controls, chronic pain alone, obesity alone, as well as chronic pain and obesity. Biomarkers measured were leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (primary outcome), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results:
Data on 125 adolescents (13–17 years) were analyzed. In females, there was an interaction between chronic pain and obesity such that leptin and CRP were higher in the chronic pain and obesity group than in chronic pain or obesity alone. Within the chronic pain and obesity group, biomarkers were correlated with worsened pain attributes, and females reported worse pain than males. The highest levels of interleukin 6 and CRP were found in youth with elevated weight and functional disability. We conclude that in adolescents, chronic pain and obesity interact to cause dysregulation of the inflammatory system, and this effect is more pronounced in females.

Conclusion:
The augmented levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with pain and functional disability, and may be an early marker of future pain and disability.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 depletion mediates mechanical allodynia through cellular signal alterations in small-fiber neuropathy
Authors: Chang Chin-Hong , Chang Ying-Shuang , Hsieh Yu-Lin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodal nociceptor that monitors noxious thermal sensations. Few studies have addressed the role of TRPV1 in mechanical allodynia in small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) caused by sensory nerve damage. Accordingly, this article reviews the putative mechanisms of TRPV1 depletion that mediates mechanical allodynia in SFN. The intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) degeneration and sensory neuronal injury are the primary characteristics of SFN. Intraepidermal nerve fibers are mainly C-polymodal nociceptors and Aδ-fibers, which mediated allodynic pain after neuronal sensitization. TRPV1 depletion by highly potent neurotoxins induces the upregulation of activating transcription factor 3 and IENFs degeneration which mimics SFN. TRPV1 is predominately expressed by the peptidergic than nonpeptidergic nociceptors, and these neurochemical discrepancies provided the basis of the distinct pathways of thermal analgesia and mechanical allodynia. The depletion of peptidergic nociceptors and their IENFs cause thermal analgesia and sensitized nonpeptidergic nociceptors respond to mechanical allodynia. These distinct pathways of noxious stimuli suggested determined by the neurochemical-dependent neurotrophin cognate receptors such as TrkA and Ret receptors. The neurogenic inflammation after TRPV1 depletion also sensitized Ret receptors which results in mechanical allodynia. The activation of spinal TRPV1(+) neurons may contribute to mechanical allodynia. Also, an imbalance in adenosinergic analgesic signaling in sensory neurons such as the downregulation of prostatic acid phosphatase and adenosine A1 receptors, which colocalized with TRPV1 as a membrane microdomain also correlated with the development of mechanical allodynia. Collectively, TRPV1 depletion–induced mechanical allodynia involves a complicated cascade of cellular signaling alterations.
Randomized, wait-list–controlled pilot study of app-delivered mindfulness for patients reporting chronic pain
Authors: Mascaro Jennifer S. , Singh Vinita , Wehrmeyer Kathryn , Scott Benjamin , Juan Justin , McKenzie-Brown Anne Marie , Lane Olabisi P. , Haack Carla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:

Introduction:
Chronic pain creates economic burden and exerts profound individual and societal harm. Mobile application (app)-delivered mindfulness meditation may be an important approach to self-management of chronic pain.

Objectives:
We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of app-delivered mindfulness meditation on pain cognition and daily functioning among patients reporting chronic pain.

Methods:
We used a longitudinal, randomized, and wait-list–controlled design (NCT03495726) to evaluate changes in self-reported pain severity, pain catastrophizing, and social and physical functioning among participants randomized to 6 weeks of app-delivered mindfulness meditation, compared with participants randomized to a wait-list control group.

Results:
Although most participants randomized to the mindfulness group used the app at least once, fewer than half adhered to the instructed program. Participants who did not use the app scored higher on the helplessness component of pain catastrophizing at the start of the study and were less likely to have completed 4 years of college. Participants who reported feeling pressured to enroll in the study were also less likely to adhere to the intervention. Compared with participants randomized to wait-list, those in the mindfulness group reported significant improvements in social functioning, even after controlling for pain severity. Participants randomized to the mindfulness intervention also reported significant improvements in helplessness. App usage was not significantly correlated with changes in social functioning or helplessness scores.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that app-delivered mindfulness meditation is beneficial to patients with chronic pain. Identifying characteristics of patients who were adherent highlights important considerations for clinical settings.
Supporting Discovery and Inquiry: A Canadian Hospital's Approach to Building Research and Innovation Capacity in Point-of-Care Health Professionals
Authors: Ruco Arlinda , Nichol Kathryn , Morassaei Sara , Bola Ruby , Di Prospero Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:
Building capacity for research and innovation among point-of-care health professionals can translate into positive outcomes from the organization, staff, and patient perspective. However, there is not a widely accepted framework in place across academic hospitals to guide this work and measure impact. This article outlines one Canadian hospital's approach and provides a blueprint with appropriate indicators as a starting point and guide for organizations looking to develop and implement a practice-based research and innovation strategy.

Methods:
An adapted framework was utilized to measure and track progress toward achievement of research and innovation strategic goals. The framework outlines key domains for research and capacity development and appropriate metrics. Data are reported from a 4-year period (2014-2018).

Results:
The evaluation of the practice-based research and innovation portfolio identified several important factors that contribute to the success of embedding this strategy across a large academic teaching institution. These include using a collaborative leadership model, leveraging linkages, partnerships, and collaborations, and recognizing the academic contributions of health professionals engaging in research and innovation.

Conclusions:
Engaging those who provide care directly to patients and families in research and innovation is critical to ensuring high-quality health outcomes and patient experience. Creative and innovative funding models, collaborative leadership, and partnerships with key stakeholders to support research and innovation are needed to ensure sustainability.
Antibodies: Friends, Foes, or Both? Lessons From COVID-19 for the Rheumatologist
Authors: Rodriguez Martin A. , Fuentes-Silva Yurilis J. , Vásquez Gloria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antibodies are a fundamental tool to fight infections but are intrinsically built as a double-edged sword. One side recognizes the microbial antigen, and the other gives a call to arms to fight infection by recruiting immune cells and triggering inflammation. A balanced immune response must combine a potent neutralizing antibody and a swift disposal of the invading agent by innate immune cells with the least tissue damage possible. The longer the immune system takes to control the infection, the higher the possibility for a self-sustaining inflammatory process with potentially fatal consequences for the host. In addition to quantity, the quality of antibodies also matters, because posttranslational modifications altering the N-glycan composition in Fc fractions may help tilt the balance to the effector side, by modifying their affinity for Fc receptors in immune cells. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a wealth of data bolstering our understanding of the rules governing the production of protective and nonprotective antibodies. Also, it has broadened our understanding of the role of viruses in triggering autoimmunity and inflammation, and widened our knowledge of the different mechanisms that can be activated by viral infection and lead to autoantibody production, inflammation, and progressive tissue damage. In addition, the COVID-19 infection has contributed a great deal to our comprehension of the role of antibodies in the causation of cytokine storms and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, also seen in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.
Role of Biological Agents in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Çelikel Elif , Tekin Zahide Ekici , Aydin Fatma , Emeksiz Serhat , Uyar Emel , Özcan Serhan , Perk Oktay , Sezer Müge , Tekgöz Nilüfer , Coşkun Serkan , Güngörer Vildan , Gül Ayşe Esin Kibar , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Özbek Namik , Azili Müjdem Nur , Acar Banu Çelikel 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of biological agents in the treatment of severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and to assess the current application, outcomes, and adverse effects in patients who are followed up in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Patients and Methods
This observational, descriptive, medical records review study was performed on patients with MIS-C admitted to the PICU between September 1 and November 1, 2020. Through medical records review, we confirmed that patients were positive for current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or for COVID-19 exposure history within the 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms.

Results
A total of 33 patients with severe MIS-C were included (21 male) with a median age of 9 years. The most common signs and symptoms during disease course were fever (100%) and abdominal pain (75.5%). Clinical features of 63.6% patients were consistent with Kawasaki disease/Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and 36.4% were consistent with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. Myocardial dysfunction and/or coronary artery abnormalities were detected in 18 patients during the PICU stay. Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids were given to 33 patients. Anakinra was administered to 23 patients (69.6%). There was a significant increase in lymphocyte and platelet counts and a significant decrease in ferritin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and troponin levels at the end of the first week of treatment in patients who were given biological therapy. Two patients were switched to tocilizumab because of an insufficient response to anakinra. The mortality rate of MIS-C patients admitted in PICU was 6.0%.

Conclusions
Management of systemic inflammation and shock is important to decrease mortality and the development of persistent cardiac dysfunction in MIS-C. The aggressive treatment approach, including biological agents, may be required in patients with severe symptoms and cardiac dysfunction.
Effect of Short-term Homebased Pre- and Postoperative Exercise on Recovery After Colorectal Cancer Surgery (PHYSSURG-C)
Authors: Onerup Aron , Andersson John , Angenete Eva , Bock David , Börjesson Mats , Ehrencrona Carolina , Fagevik Olsén Monika , Larsson Per-Anders , de la Croix Hanna , Wedin Anette , Haglind Eva 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To determine the effect of a short-term, unsupervised exercise intervention before and after colorectal cancer surgery on self-assessed physical recovery.

Summary of Background Data:
Preoperative exercise interventions could help improve recovery after colorectal cancer surgery and is currently recommended.

Methods:
A randomized, parallel, open-label trial in six university or regional hospitals in Sweden. Inclusion criteria were age ≥20 years and planned elective colorectal cancer surgery. Participants were randomized to either a physical activity intervention with aerobic activity and inspiratory muscle training 2 weeks pre- and 4 weeks postoperatively or usual care. The primary outcome measure was self-assessed physical recovery 4 weeks postoperatively. Analyses were performed according to intention to treat. Outcome assessors were masked regarding the intervention while both participants and physiotherapists were informed due to the nature of the intervention.

Results:
Between January 22, 2015, and May 28, 2020, 761 participants were recruited and assigned to either intervention (I) (n = 379) or control (C) (n = 382). After exclusions 668 participants (I = 317, C = 351) were included in the primary analysis. There was no effect from the intervention on the primary outcome measure (adjusted odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.62–1.15) with 13% and 15% of participants feeling fully physically recovered in I and C, respectively. There were no reported adverse events.

Conclusions:
There was no effect from a physical activity intervention before and after colorectal cancer surgery on short-term self-assessed physical recovery. The results from this study call for reconsiderations regarding current recommendations for preoperative physical activity interventions.
Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair
Authors: Angeramo Cristian A. , Schlottmann Francisco 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to compare outcomes after laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair (LPEHR) with mesh or primary repair alone.

Summary of Background Data:
High recurrence rates after LPEHR have been reported. Whether the use of mesh improves outcomes remains elusive.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LPEHR with mesh repair versus suture repair alone. Early (≤6 months) and late (>6 months) recurrence rates were used as primary endpoints to assess efficacy. Intraoperative complications, overall morbidity, and reoperation rates were used as secondary endpoints to assess safety. A meta-analysis was conducted using relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the analyzed outcomes.

Results:
Seven RCTs comparing mesh (n = 383) versus suture only (n = 352) repair were included for analysis. Patients undergoing LPEHR with mesh reinforcement had similar early (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.26–2.07, P = 0.46) and late (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.27–2.08, P = 0.48) recurrence rates as those with primary repair. Similar recurrence rates were also found when stratifying the analysis by the type of mesh utilized (absorbable and nonabsorbable). Intraoperative complications (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.33–3.28, P = 0.92) and reoperation rates (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.29–1.92, P = 0.45) were also similar in both groups. Overall morbidity, however, was higher after mesh repair with nonabsorbable mesh (RR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24–1.71, P < 0.01)

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing LPEHR have similar early and late recurrence rates with either mesh reinforcement or suture only repair, regardless of the type of mesh utilized. Overall morbidity, however, seems to be higher in patients repaired with nonabsorbable mesh.
‘An exceedingly simple, little ecosystem’: Devils Hole, endangered species conservation, and scientific environments
Authors: Brown Kevin C. 
Published: April 2021

This article explores the history of the Devils Hole pupfish (
Cyprinodon diabolis
), regarded by scientists as having the smallest range of any vertebrate species in the world, a single 10 × 60 ft pool in the Amargosa Valley of southern Nye County, Nevada, USA. It considers the impact of ‘scientific environments’ on the possibilities for pupfish survival as well as potential human uses of the desert. Scientific environment is defined as the knowledge and conceptualization of the environment produced from particular questions and methods and that influence how a species, habitat or region is managed. Three successive scientific environments have shaped the conservation of the pupfish since the 1890s: the first led by taxonomic analyses of the pupfish, the second by ecological and hydrological investigations of Devils Hole, as well as its surrounding desert, and the third by genetic analysis of pupfish DNA. The science in each era has shaped (and responded to) the way in which federal and state agencies have worked to conserve this critically endangered species. The article contributes to an understanding of how concepts and practices at the heart of ecological sciences develop from, and impact, particular spaces and species.