bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NP in academic Maltese English
Authors: Schembri Natalie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite recent advances, Maltese English remains under-researched as a regional variety of English. This study employs an error analysis approach to identify its nominal characteristics based on the assumption that fossilized learner competences shared by a speech community eventually develop into new dialects and that transfer phenomena play a pivotal role. The study analyses article usage, singular and plural forms and noncount nouns and finds that overuse of the definite article is a likely candidate as a feature of Maltese English.
Wachstum als Krisenpotenzial im Nachwuchsleistungssport – Genese und Konstruktion von Wachstumsproblemen jugendlicher Nachwuchsathleten aus soziologischer Perspektive / Growth as Crisis Potential in Elite Youth Sports – Origins and construction of growth problems in young elite athletes from a sociological perspective
Authors: Schubring Astrid , Thiel Ansgar 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Nachwuchsathleten befinden sich in einer Lebensphase, die durch erhebliche soziale, psychische und physiologische Veränderungen charakterisiert ist. Diese Transformationen beeinflussen die sportliche Karriere und die Entwicklung der Athleten grundlegend. Gerade im Spitzensport kann insbesondere der Wachstumsprozess zu spezifischen, bisher in der soziologischen Forschung weitgehend vernachlässigten Problemlagen führen. Der Artikel untersucht Entstehungsbedingungen und die soziale Bedeutung wachstumsbedingter Krisen im Kontext des Nachwuchsleistungssports. Zugrunde liegt eine sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektive auf den Prozess des Aufwachsens und die Körpersozialisation von Nachwuchsathleten. Die biologische und soziale Bedingtheit des Körpers wird als ko-konstruktiv konzeptionalisiert. Ausgehend von qualitativen Interviews und teilnehmenden Beobachtungen im deutschen Nachwuchsleistungssport zeigen sich vier typische Problemlagen: Fehlpassung, Asynchronität, Bezugsgruppenwechsel und Überlastungen.
Sport als Sucht Zur Soziologie einer stoffungebundenen Abhängigkeit /
Authors: Bette Karl-Heinrich , Gugutzer Robert 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Zahl jener Akteure, die sich in ihrer Freizeit exzessiv und unter Absehen der dadurch ausgelösten psychischen, physischen und sozialen Konsequenzen dem Sport hingeben, ist in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. Sportmedizin und Sportpsychologie haben hierfür den Begriff „exercise addiction“ geprägt und eine Vielzahl wichtiger Erkenntnisse hervorgebracht. Im Unterschied zu der in diesen Disziplinen üblichen Vorgehensweise, die psychischen und physischen Aspekte des Themas personalisierend in den Vordergrund zu rücken, um das stoffungebundene Suchtverhalten im Sport zu erklären, wählt der vorliegende Beitrag einen soziologischen Zugang. Die Sportsucht wird folglich als soziales Phänomen behandelt und analytisch auf einer makro-, meso- und mikrogesellschaftlichen Ebene verortet. Die soziokulturellen Bedingungen sportsüchtigen Handelns lassen sich so präzise herausarbeiten. Vor allem wird auch deutlich gemacht, warum immer mehr Menschen gerade den Sport als Suchtfeld nutzen. Damit präsentiert der Text erstmalig den Entwurf einer Soziologie der Sportsucht.
Effizienzverzicht durch Ehrenamt – Ist die Absorption von Hauptamtlichkeit in Sportvereinen funktional? / Reducing efficiency through volunteer work: Is the absorption of full-time paid positions in sports clubs functional?
Authors: Thieme Lutz 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Entgegen häufig artikulierter Erwartungen ist die Erwerbstätigenquote in Sportvereinen noch immer gering und eine zunehmende Verberuflichung nicht zu beobachten. In Ergänzung vorliegender systemtheoretischer Erklärungsansätze wird ein produktionstheoretisches Modell entwickelt, das ehrenamtliche Arbeit als eine Form der Lohnspende auffasst und Entscheidungen des Sportvereins als Annäherung an eine minimale Kostenfunktion interpretiert. Aus dem Modell abgeleitete Hypothesen werden einer empirischen Prüfung aus den Daten einer Befragung aller rheinland-pfälzischen Sportvereine mit mehr als 750 Mitgliedern unterworfen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Hypothesen weitgehend bewähren, sodass das Modell zur Erklärung geringer Ausbildungsintensität von Sportvereinen sowie zu den Bedingungen der Integration von Erwerbstätigkeit in die Produktionsfunktion von Sportvereinen beitragen kann.
Gentrifizierung des Stadionpublikums seit den 1990er Jahren? Fußball und der Mythos vom Proletariersport/ The Gentrification of football since the 1990s? The myth of football as a working-class sport
Authors: Fürtjes Oliver 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass die in Deutschland und England weitverbreitete Annahme von der Gentrifizierung des Fußballpublikums im Zuge der intensivierten Kommerzialisierung und Me­diatisierung der Fußballbranche vor allem seit den 1990er Jahren keine zutreffende Beschreibung der historischen Entwicklung der Publikumskomposition im Fußball ist. Der Grund dafür ist die fehleingeschätzte Kennzeichnung des Fußballs als Proletariersport in der Vergangenheit. Aus einer sozialhistorischen und struktursoziologischen Perspektive ist stattdessen von der Kontinuität des Fußballs als schichtenübergreifendes Massenphänomen auszugehen. Statushebungstendenzen im Fußballpublikum resultieren deshalb einzig aus den Statushebungstendenzen im Zuge der inter- und intragenerationellen sozialen Aufstiegsmobilität in postindustriellen Gesellschaften. Einen profun­den Nachweis dafür liefert die erstmals für Deutschland präsentierte Sekundäranalyse empirischer Daten zur Berufs- und Bildungsstruktur von insgesamt 20 repräsentativen vergleichbaren Stadioner­hebungen im Zeitraum von 1977 bis 2010.
Sport der Medialen Moderne. Ein gesellschaftstheoretischer Entwurf/ Sports in the Modern Media Age: Sketch of a Social Theory
Authors: Böckelmann Janine , Johnen Simon , Schürmann Volker 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Um Veränderungen im sportlichen Handeln als solche kennzeichnen und analysieren zu können, schlägt das Forschungsprogramm Sport der Medialen Moderne vor, sportliche Phänomene in den Kontext einer Gesellschaftstheorie zu stellen. Der Artikel stellt einen ersten Entwurf dieser Gesellschaftstheorie dar. Anliegen ist es, bestimmte, für die moderne Gesellschaft basale Kategorien herauszustellen. Denn Begriffe bilden die Wirklichkeit nicht unmittelbar ab, sondern Wirklichkeit ist immer vermittelt durch Kategorien, die den Begriffen zu Grunde liegen. Die Herausstellung ermöglicht eine bedingte Bestimmung des Verhältnisses von klassischer Moderne und Postmoderne. Des Weiteren ermöglicht sie einen Vergleich verschiedener empirischer Begriffe. Beides ermöglicht die Analyse von Veränderungen z.B. des Olympismus in der Postmoderne im Vergleich zur klassischen Moderne.
Modelling damping in piezoceramics: A comparative study
Authors: Feldmann Nadine , Schulze Veronika , Claes Leander , Jurgelucks Benjamin , Meihost Lars , Walther Andrea , Henning Bernd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The progress in numerical methods and simulation tools promotes the use of inverse problems in material characterisation problems. A newly developed procedure can be used to identify the behaviour of piezoceramic discs over a wide frequency range using a single specimen via fitting simulated and measured impedances by optimising the underlying material parameters. Since there is no generally accepted damping model for piezoelectric ceramics, several mechanical damping models are examined for the material identification. Three models have been chosen and their ability to replicate the measured impedances is evaluated. On the one hand, the common Rayleigh model is considered as a reference. On the other hand, a Zener model and a model using complex constants are extended to model the transversely isotropic material. As the Rayleigh model is only valid for a limited frequency range, it fails to model the broadband behaviour of the material. The model using complex constants leads to the best fit over a wide frequency range while at the same time only adding three additional parameters for modelling damping. Thus, damping can be assumed approximately frequency-independent in piezoceramics.
Monitoring the swimzone while finding south: sustained orientation in multiactivity among beach lifeguards
Authors: Harrison Simon , Williams Robert F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lifeguards stationed opposite their swimzone on a beach in southwest France huddle around a diagram in the sand; the Head Lifeguard points to the sun then looks at the swimzone. What is going on here? Our paper examines two excerpts from this interaction to explore how lifeguards manage an instruction activity that arises in addition to the task of monitoring the swimzone. Building on frame analysis and multiactivity in social interaction, we focus on the role of gaze behavior in maintaining a sustained orientation to the swimzone as a distinct activity in this setting. Multimodal, sequential analyses of extracts from the video data show that orientation to the lifeguarding task is sustained primarily by body orientation and gaze patterns that routinely return to the swimzone. This is supported when sustained orientation away from the swimzone leads to the momentary suspension of the instruction activity and consequent re-organization of the interaction, illustrating the normative and visible nature of managing multiactivity. These gaze behaviors and interactive patterns constitute practices of professional vision among beach lifeguards.
Zur Problematik der Ableitung in sozialwissenschaftlichen Aussagensystemen / On the Problem of Deducing Valid Conclusions in Systems of Social Science Propositions. Part 2
Authors: Hummell Hans J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The structure of some kinds of arguments typically to be found in theoretical-empirical social science is examined with special attention to the rules of deduction which in the majority of cases remain implicit. Four types of propositions - describing deterministic relations between attributes (statements of the form ‘if x, then y’), describing monotonous deterministic relations between serials (‘the more x, the more y’) and their probabilistic counterparts - as well as two classes of rules of deduction (based on the properties of transitivity and conjunctivity of corresponding statement forms) are treated. Of the propositions only those of the deterministic if-then kind are unproblematic. The thesis is advanced that most of those ‘arguments‘ presented in social science consisting of sentences of relatively complicated structures - using rules, however, which are exclusively valid for deterministic if-then-statements - are not correct.
Deterministic propositions being discussed in Part One, Part Two treats probabilistic ones with the following results: (I) By considering the ‘statistical syllogism’ the non-conjunctivity of probabilistic implications is shown; (II) their non-transitivity follows from the fact that in complex causal structures direct and indirect effects may vary independently of each other. For the simplest case of three attributes a qualitative analogon to the Simon-Blalock-Procedure is constructed and illustrated by an example from mobility research. (Ill) If monotonous probabilistic relations are characterized by coefficients of linear correlation, in the general case no deductions are possible which would use a rule of transitivity.
As a general solution to the problem of deducing valid conclusions it is suggested that the verbal language - which, though enriched by a technical vernacular, with respect to its formal apparatus is entirely based on elementary logics - should be replaced by languages of richer logical structures; this, however, means formalization. According to this function to warrant valid deductions the concept of formalization is specified and delimited from similar concepts as the construction of propositions within a linguistic framework of relatively rich logical structure which is given as a special calculus.
A crystallographic study of ammonium and rubidium imidodisulphates
Authors: Jones D. W. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
Ammonium und Rubidium-Imidodisulphat, NH(SO3NH4)2 und NH(SO3Rb)2, sind monoklin und strukturell verwandt, aber nicht isotyp mit Kalium-Imidodisulphat. Die Verfeinerung mittels Ausgleichsmethode auf Grund z.T. dreidimensionaler Interferenzdaten führte für 292 Reflexe zu R = 0,29. Trotz der in Überstrukturreflexen sich äußernden Abweichungen von der angenommenen Symmetrie, konnten Abstände von 1,74 ± 0,04 Å für S-Ν und von im Mittel 1,48 ± 0,03 Å für S-O bestimmt werden, die denen der Kaliumverbindung entsprechen. Für die Rubidiumverbindung war die Verfeinerung unbefriedigend; die wirkliche Struktur muß von der angenommenen stärker abweichen als bei den anderen Verbindungen. Die Ultrarotspektren bei Raumtemperatur sind für die Imidodisulphate von Ammonium, Kalium und Rubidium sehr ähnlich. Die magnetischen Kernresonanzlinien der Ammonium- und der Rubidiumverbindung verbreitern sich nicht nennenswert beim Übergang von 280° Κ zu 80 °K.
Crystal structure of magnesium potassium sulfate hexahydrate MgK2(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Authors: Κannan Ε. Ε. , Viswamitra M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
Die Kristallstruktur des mit Mg(NH4)2(SO4)2 · 6H2O isomorphen MgK2(SO4)2 · 6H2O wurde aus dreidimensionalen Interferenzdaten mittels Fourier- und Ausgleichsmethoden verfeinert. Raumgruppe ist P21/a, die Gitterkonstanten sind: a = 9,072, b = 12,212, c = 6,113 Å, β = 104°50'; Ζ = 2. Mg ist von sechs H2O-Sauerstoflatomen oktaedrisch umgeben. Jedes dieser Atome ist mit zwei SO4 - Sauerstoffatomen durch Waeserstoffbindung gekoppelt. Das Mg-Atom hat somit zwölf O-Atome als zweitnächste Nachbarn, welche die Ecken eines abgeplatteten Ikosaeders bilden. Die S-Atome sind nahezu tetraedrisch von O-Atomen umgeben. Ein Η2Ο- und fünf SO4-Sauerstoffatome bilden die nächste Umgebung der K-Atome. Die Polyeder und die K-Atome sind durch die Gleitrichtung und durch gemeinsame Ecken zu Ketten parallel a angeordnet. Die Struktur ist aus diesen parallelen Ketten aufgebaut; die Polyeder um die S- und die Mg-Atome sind dazwischen eingelagert.
Über Verbindungen vom Anti-LaF3-Strukturtyp
Authors: Mansmann M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In contradiction to former investigations Cu3P- and Cu3As are anti-isostructural with LaF3 (space group P3̄c1, 6 formula units in the unit cell). Phosphorus (arsenic) is surrounded by 11 copper atoms, Cu(1) has 4, Cu(2) and Cu(3) 3 phosphorus (arsenic) atoms as neighbours. It is very likely that α-Li,Sb, Li3As, Li3P, Na3Bi, Na3Sb, Na3As, Na3P, K3Bi, K3Sb, K3As also belong to the Cu3P type of structure. These compounds have been described earlier in the so-called Na3As type of structure (space group P63/mmc) containing only two formula units in the unit cell.
Atomanordnung und Strukturverfeinerung von Cancrinit
Authors: Jarchow O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
X-ray photographe of (Ca, Na)CO3 cancrinites show diffuse satellites with the indices (h k l ± 3/7), The examined crystals from Litchfield, U.S.A., have the space group P63 and the lattice dimensions a = 12.75 Å and c = 5.14 Å. The crystal structure has been determined-independently of all previous structure assumptions-from the relation of the transformation hauyn-canorinite and refined on three-dimensional data by the least-squares method to R = 0.089. The structure is composed of an ordered Si, Al framework with channels around the threefold axis and the axis 63; the other cations and anions as Na, Ca, H2O, CO3 etc. are enclosed in these channels.
Measuring fluorine in uranium oxyfluoride particles using secondary ion mass spectrometry for nuclear forensics
Authors: Kips Ruth , Kristo M. J. , Hutcheon I. D. , Wang Z. , Johnson T. J. , Gerlach D. C. , Amonette J. E. , Olsen K. B. , Stefaniak E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is used for the enrichment of uranium and is known to be a very reactive and volatile gas. When a small amount of UF6 is released in the environment, it forms uranium oxyfluoride (UO2F2) particles and hydrogen fluoride from the reaction with atmospheric moisture. The UO2F2 particles settle on various surfaces within the enrichment facility where they are collected by safeguards organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through a technique called environmental sampling. Despite their small size, the uranium isotopic composition of these particles is used to determine whether an enrichment facility is compliant with its declarations. Additional and complementary information on the particles' source, formation process and exposure history can be obtained from elemental, molecular and morphological analysis. As fluorine is not always detected in uranium particles originating from enrichment facilities, it is assumed that UO2F2 is unstable under certain environmental conditions. This study aims to determine how those environmental conditions affect the relative amount of fluorine in UO2F2 particles. Expressly for the purpose of this work, we prepared a set of UO2F2 particle samples from the hydrolysis of UF6 and stored these samples in environmental chambers at different temperature, humidity and lighting conditions. The NanoSIMS secondary ion mass spectrometer, with a nanometer-scale spatial resolution, was used to measure the F+/U+ secondary ion ratio of individual particles immediately after sample preparation, and at different time intervals. NanoSIMS analyses on single particles stored up to 7 months in dry air did not detect a significant decrease in the relative amount of fluorine. The exposure to high humidity however, resulted in a much lower F+/U+ ratio, up to 2 orders of magnitude below that of the particles stored in dry air. It should be noted that fluorine was still detected in these samples, even after 7 months of high humidity exposure.
Activities of the 7Be and 137Cs nuclides in mushrooms from southern and western Finland
Authors: Lönnroth T. , Lill J.-O. , Björkholm A. , Haavisto T. , Slotte J. M. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the results from activity measurements of 7Be and 137Cs nuclides in mushrooms in Southern and Western Finland. Fifty-three samples were studied, and they showed large variations especially in the 137Cs activity both regionally and between mushroom species.
Environmental monitoring of radioactive and non-radioactive constituents in the vicinity of WIP
Authors: Thakur P. , Monk J. , Conca J. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a US Department of Energy (DOE) facility, is a deep geologic transuranic waste disposal site designed for the safe disposal of transuranic (TRU) wastes generated from the US defense program. Monitoring is a key component of the development and operation of any nuclear repository and is important to the WIPP performance assessment. Initial concerns over the release of radioactive and chemical contaminants from the WIPP led to various monitoring programs, including the independent, academic-based WIPP environmental monitoring (WIPP-EM) program conducted by the New Mexico State University (NMSU) Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center (CEMRC) located in Carlsbad, NM. The mission of CEMRC is to develop and implement an independent health and environmental monitoring program in the vicinity of WIPP and make the results easily accessible to the public and all interested parties. Under the WIPP-EM program constituents monitored include: (1) selected radionuclides, elements, and ions of interest in air, soil, vegetation, drinking water, surface water and sediment from within a 100-mile radius of WIPP as well as in the air exiting the WIPP exhaust shaft, and (2) internally deposited radionuclides in the citizenry living within a 100-mile radius of WIPP. This article presents an evaluation of more than tens years of environmental monitoring data that informed the public that there is no evidence of increases in radiological contaminants in the region that could be attributed to releases from the WIPP. Such an extensive monitoring program and constant public engagement is an ideal model for all nuclear waste repositories anywhere in the world.
Iodine transfer from agricultural soils to edible part of crops
Authors: Uchida S. , Tagami K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information about the distribution and cycling of stable iodine (I) in the environment is useful for dose estimation from its long-lived radioiodisotpe, 129I, which is one of the most critical radionuclides to be managed for the safe disposal of nuclear fuel waste. The soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is an important parameter to predict internal radiation exposure pathways through the food chains using mathematical models. Therefore, we have measured stable I and bromine (Br) for comparison, in 142 crop samples and associated agricultural field soil samples collected throughout Japan. The crops were classified into eight groups, i.e. leafy vegetables, white part of leeks, fruit vegetables, tubers, root crops, legumes, wheat and barley (WB), and rice. The results showed that Br and I concentrations were higher in upland field soil samples than in paddy field soil samples. However, when we compared TF values of WB and brown rice, no statistical difference was observed. The highest geometric mean of TF for I, 1.4 × 102, was obtained for leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables and that for Br, 1.5, was for fruit vegetables. TF for I was much lower than Br, as reported previously, maybe due to their different chemcial forms in soil and uptake behaviors by plant roots.
Real-time imaging of 35S-sulfate uptake in a rape seed plant
Authors: Nakanishi T. M. , Yamawaki M. , Ishibashi H. , Tanoi K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present real-time images of 35S-sulfate uptake in a rapeseed plant visualized by the system we developed. In the leaves of rapeseed plants, 35S accumulated in higher amounts and more rapidly in the more developed leaves. This real-time imaging system can be used to visualize the movement of both 35S and 32P in the same plant. In the pods of rapeseed, images of 35S show that 35S accumulated mostly in the terminal parts; on the other hand 32P, when applied as 32P-phosphoric acid, accumulated in the middle part of the pods.
Nuclear analytical techniques for nanotoxicology studies
Authors: Zhang Z. Y. , Zhao Y. L. , Chai Z. F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and its applications, a wide variety of nanomaterials are now used in commodities, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, biomedical products, and industries. The potential interactions of nanomaterials with living systems and the environment have attracted increasing attention from the public, as well as from manufacturers of nanomaterial-based products, academic researchers and policymakers. It is important to consider the environmental, health and safety aspects at an early stage of nanomaterial development and application in order to more effectively identify and manage potential human and environmental health impacts from nanomaterial exposure. This will require research in a range of areas, including detection and characterization, environmental fate and transport, ecotoxicolgy and toxicology. Nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) can play an important role in such studies due to their intrinsic merits such as high sensitivity, good accuracy, high space resolution, ability to distinguish the endogenous or exogenous sources of materials, and ability of in situ and in vivo analysis. In this paper, the applications of NATs in nanotoxicological and nanoecotoxicological studies are outlined, and some recent results obtained in our laboratory are reported.