bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global New Product Development Strategies and I.T. Applications
Authors: Balbontin Alejandro , Yazdani Baback 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This report presents the results of the 1998 Global New Product Development Survey, carried-out by the Warwick Manufacturing Group at the University of Warwick (UK). The survey is based on a questionnaire addressed to 637 firms with turnover greater than £ 30 million ($ 45 million), operating in the UK across key industrial sectors and engaged in New Product Development (NPD). Response rate was of 8%.
Global NPD practices include product standardization, the strategy used to allocate NPD centers (related to business units and geographically), the level of centralization of tasks, the level of NPD outsourcing, the use of external collaboration and the use of Information Technology (IT) applications to support the NPD process. It was found that firms with products designed for global markets have about an 8 times greater potential to export than those firms who only standardize core components. Firms that collaborate more with external entities implement universal products more easily. Based on the “pretax profit in the last four years of business activity”, the respondent firms with losses have an average of 7 business sectors, whereas the top ten profitable firms have an average of only 4 business sectors, this relationship also applies to NPD activities. It was found that firms manage the collaborative ventures through either team members or team leaders and that top management involvement is only on a small scale. IT communication tools (e-mail and video-conferencing), followed by administration tools (project-planning and presentation software) are the main priorities in firms with widely distributed teams.
XML and Java: Engineering Software Development Meets Internet Technologies
Authors: Hagemann Dirk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
XML and Java show vast potential to improve software interoperability and to facilitate data exchange across applications from various disciplines and vendors — a pivotal prerequisite for effectivity and efficiency in computer-aided collaborative product development. The paper dicusses aspects of software and data integration with regard to computer-aided engineering tools and introduces main characteristics of XML and Java. Examples of engineering software developed at IKMF employing XML and Java accompany the discourse.
Agent-Based Knowledge Management for Collaborative Engineering
Authors: Jin Yan , Zhou Weihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Collaborative engineering is knowledge work in the sense that engineers and managers must apply their knowledge to solve their problems and proceed with their work. The knowledge that is applied spans from the basic knowledge they learned from schools, application knowledge acquired from the industry, and experiential knowledge obtained from years of working experience. Most of the current research on collaborative engineering support focuses on providing communication and data sharing support for effective coordination. We argue that in order to increase the productivity of current practice of collaborative engineering, we need mechanisms that can not only facilitate information flow, but also provide active knowledge level support for engineers. Our research on KICAD — a Knowledge Infrastructure for Collaborative and Agent-based Design — attempts to develop a network of intelligent agents that capture knowledge from their associated human engineers and provide knowledge level support to them when needed. Among the issues involved in developing such a framework is the issue of knowledge management — how can we model knowledge, how can agents capture, update, manage, and utilize the knowledge for human support? In this paper, we first briefly introduce the KICAD research program and describe the issue of knowledge management in KICAD. After that we present a general knowledge application model (GKAM), the basic conceptual framework of knowledge management in KICAD. An example of applying GKAM in a prototype system will also be discussed.
Integrated Product and Production Data Management Based on Generic Bill of Materials and Operations to Support Mass Customization Production
Authors: Jiao Jianxin , Tseng Mitchell M. , Ma Qinhai , Zou Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the integrated product and production data management for mass customization production which is characterized by a large number of variety. A data structure, called Bill-of-Materials-and-Operations (BOMO), is proposed for the purpose of unifying BOMs and routings in order to facilitate better production planning and control, as well as order processing and engineering change control. To deal with variety effectively, a generic BOMO concept is put forward based on an understanding of a generic variety structure developed in the paper for characterizing variety. The merits of the generic BOMO for integrated product and production data management are detailed in terms of customer order processing, engineering change control, production job planning, costing, and integrated material and capacity planning. A prototype implementation of the proposed generic BOMO methodology in souvenir clock manufacturing is also reported.
Structural Damage Detection and Identification Using Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network
Authors: Shi Qinzhong , Hagiwara Ichiro , Sekine Toshiaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research deals with the structural damage detection by experimental measured modal parameters, such as the modal frequencies and the modal shapes. Changes of local structural parameters, induced by damage, will affect the local stiffness and cause the change of modal frequencies and modal shapes of structure. Use of these observable values to detect the damage of the structure is feasible and implement. Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Neural Network based on pattern classifier is used to detect the location of damage, and a method of releasing the dense of input vector to neural network is proposed to increase the accuracy of detection. Several numerical examples show the proposed method is effective to increase the rate of damage detection. Finally, a practical application example of damage detection for a turbine blade is used to demonstrate and verify the approach developed.
Self-Powered Active Vibration Control With Continuous Control Input: Application to a Cab Suspension of a Heavy Duty Truck
Authors: Nakano Kimihiko , Suda Yoshihiro , Nakadai Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Active vibration control using regenerated vibration energy, i.e., self-powered active control, is proposed. In the self-powered active control system, vibration energy is regenerated by an electric generator, which is called an energy regenerative damper, and is stored in the condenser. An actuator achieves active vibration control using the energy stored in the condenser. The variable-value resistance whose value can be controlled by a computer is utilized to control output force of the actuator. The authors examine the performance of the self-powered active vibration control on experiments and propose to apply this system to cab suspensions of a heavy duty truck. Through experiments, it is shown that the self-powered active vibration control system has better isolation performance than a semi-active and a passive control system. Numerical simulations demonstrate better isolation performance of the self-powered active vibration control in cab suspensions of a heavy duty truck.
Development of a Pipe Positioning System Using a 5-DOF Suspension Mechanism
Authors: Hayatsu Masaki , Imaoka Shizuo , Tagawa Yasutaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Decreasing the number of skilled workers and utilization of automated machines is becoming a general trend at plant construction sites. For this reason, an automated pipe positioning system using a 5-DOF suspension mechanism has been developed as an important automated tool for power plant construction sites. This device is expected to be used for not only assisting less skilled operators, but also making operations more efficient at plant construction sites.
This paper mainly focuses on the control system design and the control performance of the proposed positioning system. The controller is designed based on the disturbance observer concept. The pipe positioning system has a 5-DOF suspension mechanism which consists of five stepping motors and chains. A relationship between the actuator space (chain length) and the task space (position and attitude of the pipe center of gravity) is expressed using the Jacobian matrix, and each element of this Jacobian matrix is generally a nonlinear function in space. Therefore the plant in this system is nonlinear. In this study, a disturbance observer concept is used to remove this nonlinearlity, then a conventional linear feedback control low is applied to the control system. The control performance is verified through experiments using a pipe with a diameter of 0.3m. In the experiments, trajectories of the pipe center of gravity with the Jacobian nonlinearly compensation is compared to the trajectories without Jacobian compensation case, and the effectiveness of this pipe positioning system is shown.
Simultaneous Optimization of a Flexible Robot Arm
Authors: Zhu Ye , Qiu Jinhao , Tani Junji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Integrated structure/control design of a one-link flexible robot arm is investigated in this paper. The arm consists of a tip mass, a flexible link and a hub and is driven by the hub motor to reach pre-defined tip position and suppress residual flexural vibrations. The arm is modeled using finite element method and the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam elements are used as structural design variables. A sliding mode controller and a linear stabilizer are used to regulate the arm position. The structural and control parameters are optimized simultaneously using genetic algorithm and the simulation results show the advantages of the new design method: faster regulation and less weight for the optimized arm than a uniform arm.
Control System Design of a Repulsive Magnetic Bearing Stabilized by the Motion Control of Permanent Magnets
Authors: Mizuno Takeshi , Hara Yusuke , Araki Kenji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The control system of a magnetic bearing system using forces of repulsion between permanent magnets was designed on a state-feedback basis. In the treated magnetic bearing, the radial motions of the rotor were passively supported by repulsive forces and the axial motion was stabilized by active control. Stabilization was achieved by using the motion control of the permanent magnets for passive radial suspension; these magnets were driven by voice coil motors in the axial direction. Experimental results showed that the designed controllers achieved contactless levitation and adjusted the levitation characteristics effectively by the assignment of closed-loop poles.
Mass Measurement System With Dual Reaction-Mass Type Actuators
Authors: Mizuno Takeshi , Negishi Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A mass measurement system using two reaction-mass type actuators as a vibration generator and a vibration absorber were studied both theoretically and experimentally. In the system, a measurement object is attached to one reaction mass. The principles and features of the measurement system were described. An experimental apparatus was developed in which bimorph-type piezoelectric actuators were used to drive the masses. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed system could measure mass accurately.
Determination of the Transfer Function for the Mechanical Objects Along Transitional Response
Authors: Rimantas Dapkus , Kastytis Sarkauskas , Stanislovas Bartkeyicius 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the mechanical object’s transfer function determination using theoretical presumption, which earlier practically was not possible apply because of large error of the calculations. The determination of the transfer function could be carried out along transitional response of the mechanical object, by implementation of the proposed new mathematical method and using new created software.
High-Speed Driving of a Lateral Guided Vehicle With Sensor Steering Mechanism
Authors: Takita Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a simple relation of the lateral guidance mechanism for automatic, guided vehicles and Dual Mode Trucks, and named it SSM (Sensor Steering Mechanism). SSM consists of a guide bar and deceleration gear which reduces the bar angle to one-second. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this relation, this paper examines the stability of the dynamic behavior of the front wheel steering of the vehicle. These results show that there is no limitation of the moving speed unless without a slip of the tire. For the test, a self-standing mobile robot, reduced to a scale of one-twentieth of the real car, is developed. Experimental results show that high-speed automatic moving is realized by using this relation.
Active Reduction of Sound Transmission Through a Double Panel Partition
Authors: De Fonseca P. , Sas P. , Van Brussel H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper addresses the active control of the sound transmission through a double panel partition. A literature survey indicates that active cavity control is much more efficient than active structural control. The vibro-acoustic behaviour of the double wall is analysed in light of this observation. This analysis shows that the sound transmission through the double panel is larger than that through a single panel at the resonances of the coupled eigenmodes with the strongest vibro-acoustic coupling between the plate motion and the pressure in the cavity. At frequencies where the double panel radiates much sound energy, the acoustic energy in the cavity is also high. Active control simulations illustrate that the cavity control approach, reducing not only the uncoupled (0,0,0) mode, achieves a considerable reduction of the sound transmission over a large frequency band. Depending on the desired noise reduction, the complexity and the cost of the control system can be reduced by a proper diagonalisation of the controller and by a clustering of the sensors and the actuators.
Design of a Highly Integrated Active Magnetic Bearing With Six Coupled Actuators for High Precision Rotation Applications
Authors: Kümmerle M. , Aeschlimann B. , Zoethout J. , Belfroid T. , Vuillemin R. , Bleuler H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a contact free Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) for high precision rotation applications. For controlling five Degrees of Freedom (DOF) of the rotor six coupled reluctance force actuators (creating radial and axial forces at the same time) are used. A method for designing the actuators in order to meet the specifications is described.
Two different controller schemes using different sensor configurations have been implemented on a functional prototype: On the one hand a conventional decentralized PID controller, on the other hand a more centralized structure.
Acceleration Feedback for Suppression of Friction Induced Limit Cycles in Direct Drives
Authors: Babinski Alexander , Tsao Tsu-Chin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents describing function analysis and control solution for a friction related problem encountered during the development of a voice coil actuated direct drive for use in turning of automotive camshafts. It is observed that the addition of a high accuracy tracking (repetitive) controller results in a system that is susceptible to limit cycle oscillations induced by Coulomb friction. A local acceleration feedback loop is utilized to shape the system response to disturbance forces and is shown to improve the drive stiffness and prevent performance deterioration due to friction.
Modal Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Gawronski Wodek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper introduces a method of determination of locations and gains of actuators and sensors that excite and measure a single mode, or a set of selected modes with assigned amplitudes. The method is illustrated with the clamped beam example, where a single (second) mode is excited and measured, all 9 modes are excited and measured, and all 9 but the second modes are excited and measured.
Application of the Physics of Failure Approach to Reliability Prediction for Design Guidance of Commercial Appliance Components
Authors: Steiner Mark W. , Zagray Ken , Ganti Surya , Hasan Omar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The physics of failure approach to reliability prediction considers fundamental failure mechanisms such as fatigue, wear, corrosion and creep that can shorten the useful life of a product. The work described here uses this approach for commercial appliance components and presents three examples. This paper also outlines a methodology for developing rate modification factors. These rate modification factors can be used for evaluating design changes, early estimation of failure rates, planning accelerated life tests and assessing risks in component application alternatives. Although the physics of failure approach is not new, the application to relatively inexpensive light service commercially based components extends the application beyond the realm of military and heavy industrial equipment. Simplifying assumptions and the use of manufacturer’s material properties are utilized to create a “cookbook” approach for development of design charts useful for improving product reliability. The principal objective of the work presented here is to demonstrate the development of the design charts and their application to commercially based products.
Removal of Chromium From Contaminated Water
Authors: Jahanian Shariar , Rostami Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, about one half million sites with potential contamination have been reported to federal or state authorities. Of these, about 217,000 sites still need remediation (1) and new contaminated sites continue to appear each year. The most common type of contaminants are metals, solvents and petroleum products. Heavy metals are present in two thirds of DOD and superfund sites and about 50% of DOE and RCRA sites.
AAM is a new material that possesses the ability to remove heavy metal from conaminated water. AAM consists of fly ash activating chemicals and fillers. AAM barrier material was used to remove Cr from contamination water. Fly ash from three different sources were used to produce reactive barrier of different permeability. AAM materials with permeability 10−2 to 10−1 was created. Only highest permeability proved to be viable for reactive barrier material. AAM barrier from three ash sources with permeability of 10−1 was produced and crushed into pelletized form. To determine effectiveness of the various barriers batch test was performed, based on that result the column test was conducted.
In this work contamination barrier with controled permeabilty was tested to determine its ability to remove Cr from contaminated water. AAM barrier material was used in column test to remove Cr from 1000 ppm and 10 ppm solution. The results show that AAM barrier is very effective in removing Cr from highly contaminated water (up 99% efficiency).
The Design of a Universal Autonomous Power Tray
Authors: Choi Jin , Lai Yuk , Harrison Nathan , Curiel Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several accessories have been developed to aid the wheelchair-confined individual in retaining their social independence. However, after a comprehensive study it was determined that a device, which would automatically extend the immediate reach of the handicapped individual, could not be easily added to such currently existing wheelchairs. We proposed a device that could easily be attached to the back of the electric wheelchair. This unit contains all necessary hardware to support the movement of an actuating arm whose intent is to automatically deliver and retrieve objects outside the person’s immediate reach. In addition, the unit does not significantly exceed the dimensions of the chair so as to not obstruct its normal use. To maximize our efforts, we re-evaluated the creativity of its construction: This was done to optimize its durability, reliability, and ultimately lower its construction cost. The ease of its manufacturing supports our intent for a universal application so that all handicapped individuals could benefit from this device as an after-market electric wheelchair accessory.
Achieving these types of functions required the development of two pneumatic telescoping arms that can match and overcome its maximum load of 15 lb., and an electrical control system that both develops arid defines all object motions. A comprehensive static and dynamic analysis was performed to, determine the forces governing the motion of the arm as well as to predict its operating speed and direction. This analysis also tests the boundaries of our control system. This information allowed us to determine the range and limitations that defined the electrical as well as mechanical components of this system.
Chipper/Shredder: The Pull-in Hypothesis
Authors: Barnett Ralph L. , Brickman Dennis B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
On rare occasions, a portion of an uncut fiber will exit the discharge chute of a consumer hammer mill type chipper/shredder and remain at rest with its inboard portion in the neighborhood of the rotating elements. Disturbing the fiber may cause it to commit to the rotating flails and be pulled instantaneously back into the machine. A number of investigators have postulated that an operator who grasps a fiber that subsequently experiences this pull-in phenomenon cannot release it fast enough to avoid being dragged into the flails. This hypothesis is discredited by both analytical and experimental analyses.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators: Using of Complex Variables
Authors: Manevitch L. I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present an asymptotic approach to the analysis of coupled nonlinear oscillators with asymmetric nonlinearity based on the complex representation of the dynamic equations The ideas of the approach are previously given on the example of the system with two degrees of freedom. The special attention is paid to the study of localized normal modes in the chain of weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators. We discuss also certain peculiarities of the localization of excitations in the case of strong coupling between oscillators.
Hamiltonian Systems, Pseudo-Poisson Brackets and Their Scattering Representation for Physical Systems
Authors: Maschke B. M. J. , van der Schaft A. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the definition of the geometric structure of Hamiltonian systems associated with energy–conserving systems in relation with an interconnection topology of their network model. It is also presented how the symplectic structure of standard Hamiltonian systems has to be extended to pseudo–Poisson tensors in order to cope with invariants, equilibria and constraints. Finally a scattering representation of these pseudo–Poisson tensors is defined.
Nonlinear Dynamics of the Bombardier Beetle
Authors: Rand Richard H. , Wirkus Erika T. , Cooke J. Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the dynamics by which the bombardier beetle releases a pulsed jet of fluid as a defense mechanism. A mathematical model is proposed which takes the form of a pair of piece wise continuous differential equations with dependent variables as fluid pressure and quantity of reactant. The model is shown to exhibit an effective equilibrium point (EEP). Conditions for the existence, classification and stability of an EEP are derived and these are applied to the model of the bombardier beetle.