bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[o‐C5H4NHOH]2[I7O18(OH)]⋅3 H2O: An Organic–Inorganic Hybrid SHG Material Featuring an [I7O18(OH)] Branched Polyiodate Chain
Authors: Chen Qian‐Qian , Hu Chun‐Li , Chen Jin , Li Yi‐Lin , Li Bing‐Xuan , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn organic–inorganic hybrid polyiodate, namely, [o‐C5H4NHOH]2[I7O18(OH)]⋅3 H2O (I), featuring a novel branched polyiodate chain has been obtained by evaporation method. [o‐C5H4NHOH]2[I7O18(OH)]⋅3 H2O (I) crystalizes in the polar space group Ia and features an [I7O18(OH)]
branched polyiodate chain in which [I3O9]3− trimers are grafted on the same side of the one‐dimensional (1D) chain based on [I4O11(OH)]3− tetramers. The asymmetric organic amine groups are beneficial to the polymerization of iodate groups and inducing the formation of the non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) structure. Compound I exhibits a rather large Second‐Harmonic‐ Generation (SHG) signal of 8.5×KH2PO4 (KDP) upon 1064 nm laser radiation, a moderate band gap of 3.90 eV and a high laser‐induced‐damage‐threshold (LIDT) of 182.34 MW cm−2, hence it is a promising new SHG material. The relationship between the structures of the organic amine groups and the overall structures has been also analyzed.
Side‐Chain Engineering for Enhancing the Molecular Rigidity and Photovoltaic Performance of Noncovalently Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Congqi , Qin Linqing , Chen Hao , Yu Jianwei , Wei Yanan , Liu Xingzheng , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Gao Feng , Peng Qian , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSide‐chain engineering is an effective strategy to regulate the solubility and packing behavior of organic materials. Recently, a unique strategy, so‐called terminal side‐chain (T‐SC) engineering, has attracted much attention in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs), but there is a lack of deep understanding of the mechanism. Herein, a new noncovalently fused‐ring electron acceptor (NFREA) containing two T‐SCs (NoCA‐5) was designed and synthesized. Introduction of T‐SCs can enhance molecular rigidity and intermolecular π–π stacking, which is confirmed by the smaller Stokes shift value, lower reorganization free energy, and shorter π–π stacking distance in comparison to NoCA‐1. Hence, the NoCA‐5‐based device exhibits a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.82 % in labs and a certified PCE of 14.5 %, resulting from a high electron mobility, a short charge‐extraction time, a small Urbach energy (Eu), and a favorable phase separation.
Differentiation of Self and Mental Health Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood in Australia: The Role of Parenting Behaviours
Authors: Elena Marie Piteo Sister , MacKay Linda 
Published: June 2021

To date, limited research has been undertaken regarding the interplay between differentiation of self (DoS), parental involvement, and the prevalence of psychological symptoms in emerging adults (EA) aged between 18 and 25 years in Australia. The current study aims to assess whether there is an association between mental health symptoms, perceptions of parental warmth, involvement, and autonomy support and indicators of DoS, including self‐regulation capacity and emotional reactivity. In a study of 129 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 30 years, greater DoS, involving both lower emotional reactivity and the ability to take an ‘I position’ in relation to others, was found to be associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms in EA. In addition, EA who demonstrated lower levels of emotional reactivity (higher DoS) had lower scores in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Parenting variables of caregiver warmth and autonomy granting were also found to be related to lower depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as greater DoS in EA. Regression models show that there were main effects for DoS on depressive symptoms; however, parenting behaviours were not found to moderate this relationship. Overall, this research is important as it supports Bowen’s (1978) theorising in relation to the relationship between DoS and mental health, and consideration of the contribution of parenting variables to indicators of well‐being in EA. In this, family therapy has a role in educating both young adults and their parents in how best to promote independence and autonomy for improved psychological health. Further research should focus on the complexity of parenting controlling behaviours on mental health symptoms in EA.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation impacts on jumbo squid habitat: Implication for fisheries management
Authors: Yu Wei , Wen Jian , Chen Xinjun , Liu Bilin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Dosidicus gigas is an ecologically and economically important squid species extensively distributed in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its habitat is extremely sensitive to climatic and environmental variability.
The relationship between habitat pattern of D. gigas and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO, divided into the El Niño, ENSO‐neutral, and La Niña events) was assessed from 1950 to 2015, using a habitat suitability index (HSI) modelling approach including two crucial environmental variables: sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA).
On the basis of cross‐correlation analysis, it showed that both SST anomaly and SSHA were significantly positively related to the ENSO index. Moreover, a significantly negative association was found between the HSI values and the ENSO index.
Due to the El Niño events, SST off Peru became higher and sea level rose, resulting in contracted areas of suitable SST and SSHA; consequently, suitable habitats for D. gigas dramatically decreased. In contrast, during the ENSO‐neutral and La Niña years, the extent of suitable SST and SSHA increased due to the colder water and lower sea level, and suitable habitat for D. gigas expanded.
Moreover, the latitudinal gravity centre of HSI was significantly positively associated with the ENSO index. Relative to the ENSO‐neutral and La Niña years, a southward movement of the monthly preferred SST isotherm for D. gigas during the El Niño years could explain the occurrence of more suitable habitats in southern waters off Peru.
These findings suggested that the ENSO event plays an important role in regulating environmental conditions off Peru and further affected the spatio‐temporal distribution of D. gigas habitat.
First evidence of bubble‐net feeding and the formation of ‘super‐groups’ by the east Australian population of humpback whales during their southward migration
Authors: Pirotta Vanessa , Owen Kylie , Donnelly David , Brasier Madeleine J. , Harcourt Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The recovery of overexploited populations is likely to reveal behaviours that may have been present prior to harvest but are only now reappearing as the population size increases. The east Australian humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population (group V, stock E1) has recovered well from past exploitation and is now estimated to be close to the pre‐whaling population size.
Humpback whales were thought to follow a ‘feast and famine’ model historically, feeding intensively in high‐latitude feeding grounds and then fasting while migrating and in calving grounds; however, there is growing evidence that animals may feed outside of known foraging grounds.
This short article reports on the first photographically documented evidence of bubble‐net feeding by humpback whales in Australian coastal waters (n = 10 groups observed) and provides the first evidence of a second site in the southern hemisphere for the formation of ‘super‐groups’ (n = 6 super‐groups at discrete locations).
The formation of super‐groups may be linked to changes in the type or density of prey available, either along the migratory route or in the feeding grounds of the previous summer. It is also possible that the increased population size following recovery make large group sizes while feeding more common. These findings strongly support evidence that feeding behaviour is not restricted to high‐latitude foraging grounds in the Southern Ocean, and that prey consumption prior to leaving the coastal waters of Australia may be a significant component of the migratory ecology of this population.
Understanding how environmental variation influences the extent to which humpback whales depend on foraging opportunities along their migratory route, and where feeding occurs, will help to predict how future changes in the ocean will influence whale populations. This will also allow for more effective management measures to reduce the impact of threats during this important period of energy consumption.
Testing for parameter changes in linear state space models
Authors: Golosnoy Vasyl , Köhler Steffen , Schmid Wolfgang , Seifert Miriam Isabel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLinear state space models (LSSMs) provide a very general framework for multiple time series analysis. We propose a novel statistical procedure for testing validity of a LSSM which is focused on the detection of changes in parameters of the given LSSM. We derive the moments as well as the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic, and investigate the test size and the test power for changes in means, variances, and autoregressive coefficients. In the empirical application we test the validity of LSSMs applied to daily realized volatility time series.
Iris recognition based on few‐shot learning
Authors: Lei Songze , Dong Baihua , Li Yonggang , Xiao Feng , Tian Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIris recognition is a popular research field in the biometrics, and it plays an important role in automatic recognition. Given sufficient training data, some deep learning‐based approaches have achieved good performance on iris recognition. However, when the training data are limited, overfitting may occur. To address this issue, in this paper, we proposed a few‐shot learning approach for iris recognition, based on model‐agnostic meta‐learning (MAML). To our best knowledge, we are the first to apply few‐shot learning for iris recognition. Our experiments on the benchmark datasets have demonstrated that the proposed approach can achieve higher performance than the original MAML, and it is competitive to deep learning‐based approaches.
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidative Aromatization of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Cao Yue , Wu Yong , Zhang Yuanteng , Zhou Jing , Xiao Wei , Gu Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractN‐heterocycles are key structures for many pharmaceutical intermediates. The synthesis of such units normally is conducted under homogeneous catalytic conditions. Among all methods, aerobic oxidative aromatization is one of the most effective. However, in homogeneous conditions, catalysts are difficult to be recycled. Herein, we report a heterogeneous catalytic strategy with a mesoporous cobalt oxide as catalyst. The developed protocol shows a broad applicability for the synthesis of N‐heterocycles (32 examples, up to 99 % yield), and the catalyst presents high turnover numbers (7.41) in the absence of any additives. Such a heterogenous approach can be easily scaled up. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recycled by simply filtration and be reused for at least six times without obvious deactivation. Comparative studies reveal that the high surface area of mesoporous cobalt oxide plays an important role on the catalytic reactivity. The outstanding recycling capacity makes the catalyst industrially practical and sustainable for the synthesis of diverse N‐heterocycles.
Facile Chemical Modification of Aquivion® Membranes for Anionic Fuel Cells
Authors: Bonizzoni Simone , Stilli Pietro , Lohmann‐Richters Felix , Oldani Claudio , Ferrara Chiara , Papagni Antonio , Beverina Luca , Mustarelli Piercarlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) are of growing interest for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolyzers because the alkaline medium allows avoiding the use of platinum and platinum‐group metals as the electrocatalysts. Perfluorinated polymers are a good starting point to prepare AEMs because of their chemical stability and potential high conductivity resulting from the coexistence of hydrophobic main chains and flexible hydrophilic side chains. Here, we report a facile and simple chemical modification of Aquivion® performed in aqueous environment. We obtained a chemically stable membrane with ionic conductivity exceeding 2.5×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 100 RH% that was used in a polymer fuel cell.
PorphyStruct: A Digital Tool for the Quantitative Assignment of Non‐Planar Distortion Modes in Four‐Membered Porphyrinoids
Authors: Krumsieck Jens , Bröring Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorphyStruct, a new digital tool for the analysis of non‐planar distortion modes of different porphyrinoids, and its application to corrole structures is reported. The program makes use of the normal‐coordinate structure decomposition technique (NSD) and employs sets of normal modes equivalent to those established for porphyrins in order to describe the out‐of‐plane dislocation pattern of perimeter atoms from corroles, norcorroles, porphycenes and other porphyrinoids quantitatively and in analogy to the established terminology. A comparative study of 17 porphyrin structures shows very similar results to the original NSD analysis and no systematic error. Application to corroles is successful and reveals the necessity to implement an extended basis of normal modes for a large share of experimental structures. The results frequently show the concomitant occurence of several modes but remain interpretable. For group XI metal corroles the phenomenon of supersaddling was unravelled, allowing for more in‐depths discussions of structure‐function correlations.
Triangular Rhodamine Triads and Their Intrinsic Photophysics Revealed from Gas‐Phase Ion Fluorescence Experiments
Authors: Zhao Ying , Sørensen Emma Rostal , Lindkvist Thomas Toft , Kjær Christina , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Chen Li , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen ionic dyes are close together, the internal Coulomb interaction may affect their photophysics and the energy‐transfer efficiency. To explore this, we have prepared triangular architectures of three rhodamines connected to a central triethynylbenzene unit (1,3,5‐tris(buta‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl)benzene) based on acetylenic coupling reactions and measured fluorescence spectra of the isolated, triply charged ions in vacuo. We find from comparisons with previously reported monomer and dimer spectra that while polarization of the π‐system causes redshifted emission, the separation between the rhodamines is too large for a Stark shift. This picture is supported by electrostatic calculations on model systems composed of three linear and polarizable ionic dyes in D3h configuration: The electric field that each dye experiences from the other two is too small to induce a dipole moment, both in the ground and the excited state. In the case of heterotrimers that contain either two rhodamine 575 (R575) and one R640 or one R575 and two R640, emission is almost purely from R640 although the polarization of the π‐system expectedly diminishes the dipole‐dipole interaction.
Structure Elucidation and Spectroscopic Analysis of Chromophores Produced by Oxidative Psilocin Dimerization
Authors: Lenz Claudius , Dörner Sebastian , Sherwood Alexander , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPsilocin (1) is the dephosphorylated and psychotropic metabolite of the mushroom natural product psilocybin. Oxidation of the phenolic hydroxy group at the C‐4 position of 1 results in formation of oligomeric indoloquinoid chromophores responsible for the iconic blueing of bruised psilocybin‐producing mushrooms. Based on previous NMR experiments, the hypothesis included that the 5,5’‐coupled quinone dimer of 1 was the primary product responsible for the blue color. To test this hypothesis, ring‐methylated 1 derivatives were synthesized to provide stable analogs of 1 dimers that could be completely characterized. The chemically oxidized derivatives were spectroscopically analyzed and compared to computationally derived absorbance spectra. Experimental evidence did not support the original hypothesis. Rather, the blue color was shown to stem from the quinoid 7,7’‐coupled dimer of 1.
Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional (Di)Azatricyclododecene Scaffold and Its Application to Peptidomimetics
Authors: Umedera Kohei , Morita Taiki , Yoshimori Atsushi , Yamada Kentaro , Katoh Akira , Kouji Hiroyuki , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel sp3 carbon‐rich tricyclic 3D scaffold‐based peptide mimetic compound library was constructed to target protein‐protein interactions. Tricyclic framework 7 was synthesized from 9‐azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonan‐3‐one (11) via a gold(I)‐catalyzed Conia‐ene reaction. The electron‐donating group on the pendant alkyne of cyclization precursor 12 b–e was the key to forming 6‐endo‐dig cyclized product 7 with complete regioselectivity. Using the synthetic strategy for regioselective construction of bridged tricyclic framework 7, a diazatricyclododecene 3D‐scaffold 8 a, which enables the introduction of substituents into the scaffold to mimic amino acid side chains, was designed and synthesized. The peptide mimetics 21 a–u were synthesized via step‐by‐step installation of three substituents on diazatricyclododecene scaffold 8 a. Compounds 21 a–h were synthesized as α‐helix peptide mimics of hydrophobic ZZxxZ and ZxxZZ sequences (Z=Leu or Phe) and subjected to cell‐based assays: antiproliferative activity, HIF‐1 transcriptional activity which is considered to affect cancer malignancy, and antiviral activity against rabies virus. Compound 21 a showed the strongest inhibitory activity of HIF‐1 transcriptional activity (IC50=4.1±0.8 μM), whereas compounds 21 a–g showed antiviral activity with IC50 values of 4.2–12.4 μM, suggesting that the 3D‐scaffold 8 a has potential as a versatile peptide mimic skeleton.
BODIPYs with Photoactivatable Fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zheng Yeting , Meana Yasniel , Raymo Françisco M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore is a versatile platform for the construction of photoresponsive dyes with unique properties. Specifically, its covalent connection to a photocleavable group can be exploited to engineer compounds with photoswitchable fluorescence. The resulting photoactivatable fluorophores can increase their emission intensity or shift their emission wavelengths in response to switching. Such changes permit the spatiotemporal control of fluorescence with optical stimulations and the implementation of imaging strategies that would be impossible to replicate with conventional fluorophores. Indeed, BODIPYs with photoactivatable fluorescence enable the selective highlighting of intracellular targets, the nanoscaled visualization of sub‐cellular components, the real‐time monitoring of dynamic events and the photochemical writing of optical barcodes.
Supramolecular Regulation of Catalytic Activity for an Amphiphilic Pyrene‐Ruthenium Complex in Water
Authors: Dai Nan , Qi Ruilian , Zhao Hao , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA switchable catalytic system has been designed and constructed with a host−guest interaction between cucurbituril (CB) and an amphiphilic metal complex pyrene−ruthenium (Py−Ru). Py−Ru can self‐assemble into positively charged nanoparticles in water, and exhibits an enhanced catalytic efficiency in the transfer hydrogenation of NAD+ to NADH. After forming an inclusion complex with CB, Py−Ru aggregates are broken, leading to a decrease in catalytic efficiency, which can be recovered by competitive replacement with amantadine. This supramolecular strategy provides an efficient and flexible method for constructing reversible catalytic system, which also extends the application scope of the host−guest interaction.
Druckluft, die sich gewaschen hat
Authors: Jeschabek Ralph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDialysatoren sind Filtereinheiten für die Blutwäsche chronisch nierenkranker Menschen. Zu den weltweit größten Herstellern dieser Medizinprodukte gehört die B. Braun Avitum Saxonia GmbH. Druckluft spielt bei der Montage eine besondere Rolle: Ohne sie läuf
Environmental applications of nanobubble technology: Field testing at industrial scale
Authors: Kalogerakis Nicolas , Kalogerakis Georgina Calypso , Botha Quartus Paulus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanobubble (NB) technology has advanced significantly over the last two decades. Many theoretical and technological advances have been made, including the development of novel devices for NB generation. Proof of principle has been demonstrated primarily at laboratory scale and very encouraging results have been obtained. Yet reports on applications in the field (for ecosystem restoration) or at industrial or large pilot scale (for wastewater treatment) are lacking. In this paper, five field applications of an industrial strength nanobubble generator are presented and key environmental quality parameters have been measured and are presented here. The results indicate the highly successful application of NB technology; however, in most cases the lack of benchmarking does not allow for a quantitative comparison of the benefits of this technology. However, the presented results provide convincing evidence that NB technology works beyond the bench scale in the field and in industrial testing trials. For example, a 1600 m3 winery wastewater pond was fully restored in 10 weeks and the energy required for COD removal was estimated at 0.515 kWh/kg‐COD. The presented results are a strong indicator of the potential success of the NB technology in environmental applications.
Value‐Added Products from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes: A Review
Authors: Sánchez Marta , Laca Amanda , Laca Adriana , Díaz Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) are some of the most abundant agro‐industrial wastes. This residual biomass can be used to obtain biofuels such as bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, and biobutanol. Additionally, FVW can also be employed as a raw material for recovering bioactive compounds (antioxidants, enzymes, or antibiotics) and to produce organic acids of industrial interest (citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid). However, the use of these wastes as a substrate to obtain the mentioned value‐added products usually requires several steps, including different pre‐treatments, microbial biotransformation, and separation and purification processes. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the different products that can be obtained from FVW, as well as the technologies that can be employed in the revalorization procedures.
Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction: Challenging Materials with Reaction Engineering
Authors: Ziegenbalg Dirk , Zander Judith , Marschall Roland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmmonia is not only the most important chemical for fertilizer production, it has also gained much interest as a future hydrogen storage material. Besides the well‐known Haber–Bosch process to generate ammonia from elemental sources, new ways to convert nitrogen into ammonia have been investigated in the last decade for a decentralized production, including electrocatalytic and photocatalytic approaches. However, photocatalysis in particular suffers from stagnating materials development and unstandardized reaction conditions. In this Review, we shine light on recent materials and reaction engineering results for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, putting an emphasis on the need to connect the activity of reported materials together with detailed reaction conditions and efficiencies. Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction is an emerging field that will certainly gain significant interest in the future as a sustainable pathway to generate green hydrogen and ammonia. The field will certainly strongly benefit from joint efforts with strong interactions between chemists, physicists and chemical engineers at a fundamental level.