bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of burnout among medical students - literature review
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Kozyra Magdalena , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kaczerska Marlena , Śmiech Natalia , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Burnout is characterised by a triad of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and a decreased sense of accomplishment. Distress during medical school can lead to burnout, with significant consequences, particularly if burnout continues into residency and beyond. There is a lot of research into burnout and the authors reviewed literature pertaining to medical student burnout, its prevalence, and its relationship to personal, environmental, demographic and psychiatric factors.The aim of the study: Paying attention to the correlation between academic lifestyle and occurrence burnout among medical students.Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: burnout; stress; medical students; behaviour.Description of the state of knowledge: The educational process brings a considerable amount of stress to medical students that can influence mental health status and contribute to further professional burnout. According to various studies and definitions of occupational burnout, this phenomenon is observed in up to 76% of medical students. Research has identified associations between burnout and lifestyle health behaviours. Also relationship between the occurrence of burnout and suicide attempts has been demonstrated. In turn spirituality has been positively influence well-being and to prevent burnout.Summary: Undoubtedly, it is worth paying attention to the phenomenon of occupational burnout among students from the first years of medical studies. Universities should make efforts to reduce the risk of the occurrence and further development of burnout, which may have negative effects in the future work with the patient.
Causal relationships between the parameters of gas discharge visualization and leukocytogram
Authors: Babelyuk Valeriy , Tserkovnyuk Ruslan , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Dubkova Galyna , Babelyuk Nazariy , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: September 2021

Background. Previously we have been shown that between parameters of GDV and principal neuroendocrine factors of adaptation exist strong canonical correlation. In the next study, we detected very strong (R=0,994) integral canonical correlation between the parameters of GDV and Immunity. This study, conducted in the same contingent, will analyze the relationships between GDV parameters, on the one hand, and Phagocytosis and Leukocytogram parameters, on the other. Material and Methods. We observed twice ten women and ten men aged 33-76 years without clinical diagnose. In the morning in basal conditions at first registered kirlianogram by the method of GDV by the device “GDV Chamber” (“Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF). Than we counted up the Leukocytogram and determined Interleukin-1 serum level. Results processed by method of canonical analysis, using the software package “Statistica 5.5”. Results. According to the value of the canonical correlation coefficient R with GDV parameters, the components of the Leukocytogram are arranged in this order: proportion of monocytes (0,769) and eosinophils (0,703), entropy of Leukocytogram (0,636), total leukocytes level (0,558), proportion of lymphocytes (0,492), stub neutrophils (0,374) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (0,307). Coefficient of canonical correlation between parameters of GDV, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Leukocytogram, makes 0,904; Leukocytary Strain&Adaptation Indices-1 – 0,756; Leukocytary Strain&Adaptation Indices-2 – 0,783; Interleukin-1 – 0,798. Conclusion. The above data, taken together with the previous ones, state that between parameters of Neuroendocrine-Immune complex and GDV exist strong canonical correlation suggesting suitability of the latter method.
Association between Artificial Light at Night Exposure and breast and prostate cancer risk – the review
Authors: Zając Marlena , Warchoł Konrad , Borowiecka Monika , Brzezińska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Light is one of the defining features of life on the Earth, allowing certain biological processes to be subordinated to its presence and absence. With the introduction of artificial light, the human natural biological clock was dysregulated. Apart from that, the studies showed a connection between exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) and carcinogenesis. The aim of this review was to present currently available knowledge in the online database PubMed about Association Between Artificial Light at Night and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk Brief description of the state of knowledge: The article covers clinical and population-based control studies which indicate to ALAN exposure can lead to increased incidence of breast and prostate cancer by disruption of circadian rhythms in several mechanisms involving suppression of melatonin production, dysregulation of sleep–activity pattern and disruption of circadian genes. Conclusions: The review support an assumption that breast and prostate cancer incidence is a consequence of ALAN exposure. Further studies should clarify the relationship between ALAN exposure and other types of cancer. Besides, ALAN exposure levels should be measured more precisely than by satellite pictures analysis to reliably conduct studies proving the relation between ALAN exposure and risk of cancer development.
Epilepsy and cannabidiol - a new perspective for seizures treatment
Authors: Kozioł Ilona , Budzyńska Julia , Leśniewska Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the number of antiepileptic drugs is constantly increasing, epilepsy can still be a therapeutic challenge. Approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy have persistent seizures refractory to treatment. The limited number of effective alternatives motivates researchers to seek new solutions. There is some hope for cannabidiol (CBD) preparations.AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to review the most recent available literature on the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adults. For this purpose, the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. The phrase "cannabidiol and epilepsy" was used to search the database. After Screening titles and abstracts a total of 19 papers and articles cited in them were received and analyzed in detail. RESULTS: Nowadays there are many CBD related products available in the market, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are the plants used due to their strong therapeutic effects and also seizure control. Regulations regarding the use of raw marijuana, cannabis extracts, and cannabinoid-based drugs vary from place to place. Many studies have been generated on the efficacy of cannabinoid therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. This therapy in patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gaust syndrome results in a reduction in the frequency of motor and total seizures. The most commonly reported side effects of CBD are drowsiness, seizures and diarrhea, but the therapy is generally well tolerated.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Many available studies support the efficacy of CBD as a treatment option to reduce seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, particularly in patients with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. However, there is a lack of reports on the use of CBD in the adult population, which may be an area for further research.
Burnout in COVID-19 era - a literature review
Authors: Leśniewska Magdalena , Kozioł Ilona , Budzyńska Julia , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought changes to daily life of many people. One of those affected by the global pandemic arena was work life. One of the results is burnout due to new challenges and stress associated with them. The most exposed occupational group were healthcare workers as the frontline in the fight against the virus, but not only this group could experience burnout due to the pandemic. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to review the most recent available literature on burnout associated with COVID-19. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. The Phrase "burnout and covid" was used to search the database. Search criteria were: all open access, 2020 and 2021, psychology and English. After Screening titles and abstracts 21 articles were analyzed in detail.RESULTS: Many studies have shown that healthcare workers experienced burnout. The most vulnerable group were young, female nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Burnout was also observed among parents, who started working remotely from home or who had to commute to their workplace despite the pandemic. Remote schooling also contributed to burnout among students and teachers.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the possibility of experiencing burnout there are several actions that could be taken. First of all a positive attitude and task oriented actions are helpful in coping in new, stressful situations. Other solutions are social support and psychotherapy.
Preeclampsia – long-term effects on mother and child
Authors: Wieteska Małgorzata , Maj Dominik , Gorecka Adrianna , Zaremba Bartłomiej 
Published: September 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that affects 5% to 8% of all pregnancies. It is a leading cause of maternal mortality that contributes annually more than 60,000 maternal deaths all over the world. Data submitted so far by clinicians are still insufficient to completely understand the disease. Despite many researches, the prediction of patients suffering from PE remains difficult. Moreover therapeutic methods are also limited and concentrated on symptomatic treatment and early termination of pregnancy. The aim of the presented article is to review current research on the PE and its long-term effects on mother and child. PE is defined as a hypertension developing after 20 weeks of gestation with at least one of the following symptoms: proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or foetal growth restriction. Because initially patients may be completely asymptomatic, the diagnosis is usually difficult. Untreated PE may lead to the death of both mother and neonate. In later life it predisposes woman and child to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Maternal consequences are related to increased risk of hypertension, stroke, thrombosis or chronic kidney disease, whilst offspring implications are directly correlated with hypertension, increased body mass index, hormonal changes and reductions in cognitive functions. In the future there is a need to develop more effective diagnostic methods of PE. Comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology would allow to avoid many negative long-term effects and reduce its mortality rate.
Caffeine in Pain Perception and Management
Authors: Piekarska Ewa , Pawlicki Mateusz , Łopuszyńska Anna , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Caffeine is considered to be one of the most frequently used pharmacologically active substances in the world. Caffeine is a psychoactive and central nervous system stimuli that has the ability to increase energy, decrease fatigue, promote alertness and wakefulness. Potential role of caffeine's nociceptive properties shows that it may play a relevant role in pain modulation. Although caffeine at dietary levels is not a sufficient analgesic in its own, it has been included in many over-the-counter and prescription drugs. This review addresses caffeine's analgesic properties in pain management. Results: Caffeine shows relevant role in pain modulation through blocking adenosine receptors which are involved in nociception. Studies show that habitual dietary caffeine consumption results in decreased pain sensitivity.As an adjuvant to commonly used analgesics, caffeine provides an important increase in pain relief in various types of pain such as postoperative dental pain, headaches, or fibromyalgia.Conclusions: In conclusion, caffeine is associated with decreased pain sensitivity. Addition of caffeine to analgesics has resulted in their enhanced analgesic efficacy in pain treatment.
Is there a link between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19?
Authors: Zaremba Bartłomiej , Gorecka Adrianna , Wieteska Małgorzata , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Stanicki Paweł 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: 20% of COVID-19 cases require hospitalization, with men most often being affected. Current studies indicate a relationship between the incidence and severity of the disease and androgens, including a worse prognosis in patients with androgenetic alopecia. The aim of the study is to analyze the available literature in the Pubmed and Google scholar database in order to find an answer to the question of whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19. State of knowledge: Male sex hormones, androgen receptors, the presence of substances inducing the development of the inflammatory process and genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia. It has been noted that androgens are involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells and the reduction of the inflammatory response of the body that contribute to the development of the disease. On the one hand, patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have low levels of male sex hormones, and on the other hand, diseases associated with increased levels of androgens, such as androgenetic alopecia or prostate cancer, are associated with more frequent incidence.Summary: The relationship of androgens to the development of COVID-19 is not clear. Therefore, the relationship of this disease with androgenetic alopecia cannot be directly explained and there is a need for further research.
Delays in cancer diagnosis, with a focus on oral cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic - literature review
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Dziekońska Justyna , Grabowy Paulina , Drożak Martyna , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Since the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) was classified as a pandemic infection on March 11, 2020, it has spread rapidly around the world. The total number of confirmed infections was 217,119,281 and the total deaths were 4,510,202 worldwide, as of August 31, 2021. The changes in life caused by these new threats also impacted patient care. Medics around the world have had to adapt to this new reality. There is a lot of research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases, including cancer. The aim of the study: Paying attention to the causes of delays in the diagnosis of cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular emphasis on oral cancer.Material and method: The research was done using the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topics of: covid-19 pandemic; oral cancer; healthcare; cancer diagnosisDescription of the state of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the entire health system around the world. According to various studies, there were fewer cancer diagnoses between 2020 and 2021. Studies have identified the causes of these delays, such as: overwork and fatigue of health care workers, limited access to doctors due to quarantine, patients' fear of being infected in a health care facility, and the lack of follow-up visits, including dental visits.Summary:Undoubtedly, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put the people with chronic illnesses and those who are immunocompromised at the most risk. Solutions such as telemedicine during lockdown may be helpful in caring for cancer patients, but cannot replace a comprehensive examination by a doctor, especially in the case of oral cancer. As a result of the diagnostic delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in the number of cancer deaths worldwide is expected.
Xerostomia among elderly patients – systematic review
Authors: Drożak Martyna , Drożak Paulina , Dziekońska Justyna , Nowińska Martyna , Grabowy Paulina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Xerostomia is a salivary secretion malfunction that affects from 1 to 29% of the population. It is a common problem among elderly patients, however undeniably it still remains an underdiagnosed issue. Searching among available literature in the PubMed database with the following phrases: xerostomia; elderly, the aim of this article was to provide a broad review on the underdiagnosed problem which is xerostomia among elderly patients.
Description: A group at risk of developing xerostomia are people over 65 years old and women in the perimenopausal period. Although dry mouth varies in etiology, geriatric patients mostly develop xerostomia as a result of head and neck radiotherapy, Sjögren syndrome or medication treatment. Untreated symptoms can lead to severe issues which heavily impact not only oral health of the patient, but also their everyday life quality, since xerostomia may lead into difficulty of speaking, swallowing and tasting. The plan of treatment is influenced by the etiology of the case, however it is aimed to stimulate salivary flow and eradicate the use of unnecessary medication which may cause dry mouth. Prevention of dry mouth is based on maintenance of good oral hygiene.
Conclusions: Diagnosing the problem early can prevent patients from suffering the consequences of chronic xerostomia, therefore awareness should be brought to this issue. Dentist could also highly improve the quality of xerostomic patient’s life, if the chosen treatment significantly improved patient’s symptoms.
The gut microbiota and mental health
Authors: Moqbil Sara , Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Laszczak Katarzyna , Warchoł Konrad , Mikos Eryk 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
Recent studies have shown that changes in the microbiome, probiotic and antibiotic supplementation, can significantly modulate various forms of neuropsychiatric disorders - such as depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders. There is growing body of evidence pointing to a bidirectional correlation along the brain-gut microbiota line. This axis is connected through endocrine, immune and neuronal pathways. The nerves that make up the enteric nervous system transmit modifications occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and through the vagus nerve to the central nervous system (1). The main purpose of this review is to update recent information on the correlation between the gut microbiota and mental health.
STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Interactions between the gastrointestinal system and brain function have become an important field of psychiatric research in recent years. Probiotics are thought to be a potentially valuable player in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the role of specific gut microbiota species in the development of these disorders remains unclear.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing knowledge of the correlation between gut microbiota and mental health may improve the quality of treatment for patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on larger groups is needed to assess whether probiotics can modify altered psychological well-being and be integrated into current, conventional treatments.
Public awareness of tropical diseases
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Wójcik Anna , Białek Justyna , Krawiec Paulina , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Despite medical advances, the prevention and treatment of tropical diseases continue to be a current problem for communities.
Purpose: To present the public awareness of tropical diseases.
Material and method: The study was conducted by using an author's questionnaire. 158 questionnaires were collected and analysed.
Results: The study included women (55.7%) and men (44.3%) of varying ages, nearly half of whom were studying or are studying a medical profession. The analysis showed that 92.4% of the respondents were aware of the factors causing contagious and parasitic diseases. Only 5.0% of respondents expressed opposition to prevention when travelling to tropical countries. Every fourth person planning a trip would not go to a specialist on this issue. Nearly 90% of respondents wanted to be vaccinated before travelling. On the other hand, only 15.2% of respondents knew that malaria is not currently prevented by a vaccine, but by chemoprophylaxis. One in five respondents said there was no need for hygienic food consumption, while more than half (53.8%) had not heard of the rule "cook, steam, peel or forget". Among the most important preventive measures, respondents most often selected hand washing (50.6%), taking care of hygiene (20.2%) and immunization (17.8%).
Conclusions: Most of the respondents, especially those with medical education, demonstrated basic knowledge of tropical diseases. However, there is a great need for education, especially about visiting a doctor before travelling, types of prevention and methods of hygienic food consumption. The possibility of implementing programmes to supplement knowledge should be kept in mind.
Keywords: tropical diseases; contagious diseases; awareness; society.
Public awareness of contagious diseases
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Restrictions against the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a decrease in other contagious diseases. However, their prevention and treatment are still a topical issue.
Purpose: To present the public awareness on infectious diseases taking into account the knowledge of people with medical education.
Material and method: The study was conducted by means of the author's questionnaire. 158 questionnaires were collected and analysed.
Results: Men and women of different age took part in the survey. Half of the respondents had medical education. The analysis showed that as many as 89.2% of the respondents were aware of the pathogenic factor of influenza, which is the virus. Only a small percentage of respondents had information regarding the number of influenza infections in Poland (10.8%) and worldwide (21.5%). Medics were aware of this in 10.0% and 28.8% respectively. Influenza was admitted by 81.0% of the respondents, while for other infectious disease (except COVID-19) the result was 75.3%. The respondents indicated as the most common route of transmission of infectious diseases the droplet route (66.5%), while fever was the typical symptom (81.0%). Washing hands turned out to be the most important prophylactic behaviour of respondents (50.6%) and especially of students (93.7%).
Conclusions: Awareness of infectious diseases among Poles is not at the highest level. Those with medical education have slightly higher knowledge, but it is necessary to introduce educational programmes and update knowledge.
Ocena kompetencji zawodowych lekarzy
Authors: Jańczyk Magdalena , Samek Ilona , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Kompetencje to połączenie wiedzy z konkretnego zakresu, umiejętności i postaw. Grupą zawodową najczęściej podlegającą ocenie w tej kwestii są lekarze. Pacjenci po wyjściu z gabinetu dokonują oceny kompetencji pracownika służby zdrowia w odniesieniu do własnych spostrzeżeń.
Cel pracy: Przedstawienie oceny kompetencji lekarzy przez społeczeństwo.
Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą autorskiej ankiety. Zebrano 210 kwestionariuszy i poddano analizie.
Omówienie wyników: W badaniu wzięli udział mężczyźni (29%) oraz kobiety (71%). Analiza wykazała, że według ¼ respondentów, lekarze nie odznaczają się kompetentnością. Zaledwie 45,72% osób wskazało na pozytywne odczucia dotyczące wizyty lekarskiej. Ankietowani w podobny sposób opowiedzieli się w kwestii braku czasu odnośnie przeprowadzenia badania (48,10%). Prawie 40% z nich nie wykazała zaufania do systemu służby zdrowia w odróżnieniu do ufności wobec specjalisty, której nie przejawia 13% respondentów.
Wnioski: Dane sugerują, że lekarze w swojej pracy są dość dobrze oceniani przez pacjentów, szczególnie lekarze specjaliści. Istnieją jednak kontrowersje w kwestii sposobu realizacji świadczenia zdrowotnego.