bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Commissioner’s Day: Quantitative approaches to the study of evidence in royal commissions of inquiry
Authors: Parkinson Naomi , Doherty Stephen , Ford Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article uses statistical data gathered from digitized and indexed journals to quantify the identity, status, purpose, and impact of visitors to a series of Royal Commissions of Inquiry dispatched to the Cape and Mauritius from 1823. The 1819–38 Commissions of Inquiry were unprecedented in their scope and unparalleled in their impacts. They generated an archive spanning over 150,000 handwritten pages and recommended the complete overhaul of legal systems; colonial governance and systems of slavery on the basis of their findings. Yet, making sense of this enormous archive and understanding whose testimony shaped empire-wide reform remains a daunting task. Here, we focus on one small, but significant, portion of that archive: commissioners’ journals of proceedings. By collating, analysing, and visualizing data on names, status, gender, and topics of inquiry, we test the value of these documents as a frame to navigate the wider archive and to explore patterns in who was attending commissions, how often, and how their testimony was received. In contextualizing this data, we identify different rhythms of inquiry within and between colonies and conclude that a quantitative approach enabled us to test hypotheses based on archival research and uncover previously hidden patterns leading to new lines of future inquiry.
Molecular mechanism of RNase R substrate sensitivity for RNA ribose methylation
Authors: Abula Abudureyimu , Li Xiaona , Quan Xing , Yang Tingting , Liu Yue , Guo Hangtian , Li Tinghan , Ji Xiaoyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRNA 2′-O-methylation is widely distributed and plays important roles in various cellular processes. Mycoplasma genitalium RNase R (MgR), a prokaryotic member of the RNase II/RNB family, is a 3′-5′ exoribonuclease and is particularly sensitive to RNA 2′-O-methylation. However, how RNase R interacts with various RNA species and exhibits remarkable sensitivity to substrate 2′-O-methyl modifications remains elusive. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of MgR in apo form and in complex with various RNA substrates. The structural data together with extensive biochemical analysis quantitively illustrate MgR’s ribonuclease activity and significant sensitivity to RNA 2′-O-methylation. Comparison to its related homologs reveals an exquisite mechanism for the recognition and degradation of RNA substrates. Through structural and mutagenesis studies, we identified proline 277 to be responsible for the significant sensitivity of MgR to RNA 2′-O-methylation within the RNase II/RNB family. We also generated several MgR variants with modulated activities. Our work provides a mechanistic understanding of MgR activity that can be harnessed as a powerful RNA analytical tool that will open up a new venue for RNA 2′-O-methylations research in biological and clinical samples.
Nearest-neighbour transition-state analysis for nucleic acid kinetics
Authors: Rejali Nick A , Ye Felix D , Zuiter Aisha M , Keller Caroline C , Wittwer Carl T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We used stopped-flow to monitor hypochromicity for 43 oligonucleotide duplexes to study nucleic acid kinetics and extract transition-state parameters for association and dissociation. Reactions were performed in 1.0 M NaCl (for literature comparisons) and 2.2 mM MgCl2 (PCR conditions). Dissociation kinetics depended on sequence, increased exponentially with temperature, and transition-state parameters inversely correlated to thermodynamic parameters (r = −0.99). Association had no consistent enthalpic component, varied little with temperature or sequence, and poorly correlated to thermodynamic parameters (r = 0.28). Average association rates decreased 78% in MgCl2 compared to NaCl while dissociation was relatively insensitive to ionic conditions. A nearest-neighbour kinetic model for dissociation predicted rate constants within 3-fold of literature values (n = 11). However, a nearest-neighbour model for association appeared overparameterized and inadequate for predictions. Kinetic predictions were used to simulate published high-speed (&lt;1 min) melting analysis and extreme (&lt;2 min) PCR experiments. Melting simulations predicted apparent melting temperatures increase on average 2.4°C when temperature ramp rates increased from 0.1 to 32°C/s, compared to 2.8°C reported in the literature. PCR simulations revealed that denaturation kinetics are dependent on the thermocycling profile. Simulations overestimated annealing efficiencies at shorter annealing times and suggested that polymerase interactions contribute to primer-template complex stability at extension temperatures.
The effect of grape interventions on cognitive and mental performance in healthy participants and those with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bird Rachel Jayne , Hoggard Nigel , Aceves-Martins Magaly 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
The prevalence of cognitive and mental health disorders are growing, and existing drug therapies do not treat the underlying cause. Grapes are a flavonoid-rich soft fruit and may therefore be beneficial to cognitive and mental health.

Objective
To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials investigating the acute and chronic effects of grape interventions on measures of cognition and mood in healthy participants and those with mild cognitive impairment.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched.

Data Extraction and Analysis
Eight studies met the inclusion criteria: one considered acute interventions, 6 assessed chronic effects, and one assessed acute and chronic effects of grapes. The chronic studies found improvements in some cognitive domains (eg, memory, motor skills, or executive function). Acute studies found no consistent effect on memory but saw improvements in reaction time.

Conclusions
Differences in study design, dosages, and outcome tests hindered between-study comparison. Even so, the results across studies show that grapes can enhance some aspects of cognition, after both acute and chronic interventions.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020193062.
The impact of tryptophan supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: Sutanto Clarinda N , Loh Wen Wei , Kim Jung Eun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
L-tryptophan (Trp) has been documented to aid sleep, but a systematic compilation of its effect on sleep quality is still limited.

Objective
We assessed the effect of Trp supplementation on sleep quality via meta-analysis and meta-regression. The effects of daily Trp dose (&lt;1 g and ≥1 g) were also assessed.

Data sources
A database search was done in PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane and a total of 18 articles were collected.

Data extraction
Extracted data from 4 articles were also analyzed using random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used in meta-analysis.

Data analysis
Results from the study suggested that Trp supplementation can shorten wake after sleep onset (−81.03 min/g, P = 0.017; SMD, −1.08 min [95%CI, −1.89 to −0.28]). In addition, the group receiving ≥1 g Trp supplementation had a shorter wake after sleep onset than the group with Trp &lt; 1g supplementation (Trp &lt;1 g vs Trp ≥1 g: 56.55 vs 28.91 min; P = 0.001). However, Trp supplementation did not affect other sleep components.

Conclusion
Trp supplementation, especially at ≥1 g can help improve sleep quality.
Signatures of large-scale cold fronts in the optically-selected merging cluster HSC J085024+001536
Authors: Tanaka Keigo , Fujimoto Ryuichi , Okabe Nobuhiro , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Akamatsu Hiroki , Ota Naomi , Oguri Masamune , Nishizawa Atsushi J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe represent a joint X-ray, weak-lensing, and optical analysis of the optically-selected merging cluster, HSC J085024+001536, from the Subaru HSC-SSP survey. Both the member galaxy density and the weak-lensing mass map show that the cluster is composed of south-east and north-west components. The two-dimensional weak-lensing analysis shows that the south-east component is the main cluster, and the sub-cluster and main cluster mass ratio is $0.32^{+0.75}_{-0.23}$. The north-west sub-cluster is offset by ∼700 kpc from the main cluster center, and their relative line-of-sight velocity is ∼1300 km s−1 from spectroscopic redshifts of member galaxies. The X-ray emission is concentrated around the main cluster, while the gas mass fraction within a sphere of 1′ radius of the sub-cluster is only $f_{\mathrm{gas}}=4.0^{+2.3}_{-3.3}\%$, indicating that the sub-cluster gas was stripped by ram pressure. An X-ray residual image shows three arc-like excess patterns, of which two are symmetrically located at ∼550 kpc from the X-ray morphological center, and the other is close to the X-ray core. The excess close to the sub-cluster has a cold-front feature where dense-cold gas and thin-hot gas contact. The two outer excesses are tangentially elongated about ∼450–650 kpc, suggesting that the cluster is merged with a non-zero impact parameter. Overall features revealed by the multi-wavelength datasets indicate that the cluster is at the second impact or later. Since the optically-defined merger catalog is unbiased for merger boost of the intracluster medium, X-ray follow-up observations will pave the way to understand merger physics at various phases.
Newly approved IV acetaminophen in Canada: Switching from oral to IV acetaminophen. Is IV worth the price difference? A systematic review
Authors: Ulrich Maxime , Chamberland Martine , Bertoldi Christel , Garcia-Bournissen Facundo , Kleiber Niina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
The use of intravenous acetaminophen leads to meaningful health cost increases for paediatric institutions. Therefore, strict criteria for intravenous acetaminophen administration are needed.

Objective
To undertake a systematic review of available evidence comparing oral versus intravenous acetaminophen use in children.

Method
A systematic literature search was conducted on five databases. All prospective interventional studies comparing intravenous to oral acetaminophen in patients &lt;18 years old were included. Data collection and analysis were done according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Among 6,417 retrieved abstracts, 29 full-text articles were assessed of which 3 were retained. (1) Pharmacokinetic: Oral bioavailability (72% with a high inter-individual variability) was reported in 47 stable patients in a paediatric intensive care unit. (2) Analgesia: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 45 children, no difference in analgesia was found between oral and intravenous administration after cleft palate repair. (3) Fever: In an open-label prospective observational study of 200 children, temperature decreased faster after intravenous than oral administration but was similar 4 hours later.

Conclusions
Available data are insufficient to guide clinicians with a rational choice of route of administration. Oral bioavailability should be studied in paediatric populations outside the intensive care unit. Despite the widespread use of intravenous acetaminophen, there is little evidence to suggest that it improves analgesia compared to the oral formulation. Similarly, fever weans faster but whether this translates into any meaningful clinical outcome is unknown. The lack of data plus the significantly higher costs of intravenous acetaminophen should motivate further research.
Central Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with Impaired Innocuous Thermal Pathways and Neuronal Hyperexcitability
Authors: Rivel Michal , Achiron Anat , Dolev Mark , Stern Yael , Zeilig Gabi , Defrin Ruth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAbout one-third of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffers from chronic and excruciating central neuropathic pain (CNP). The mechanism underlying CNP in MS is not clear, since previous studies are scarce and their results are inconsistent. Our aim was to determine whether CNP in MS is associated with impairment of the spinothalamic-thalamocortical pathways (STTCs) and/or increased excitability of the pain system.DesignThe study was cross-sectionalSettingThe study was conducted at a general hospitalParticipantsParticipants were 47 MS patients with CNP, 42 MS patients without CNP and 32 healthy controls.MethodsSensory testing included the measurement of temperature, pain, and touch thresholds and the thermal grill illusion for evaluating STTCs function and hyperpathia and allodynia as indicators of hyperexcitability. CNP was characterized using interviews and questionnaires.ResultsThe CNP group had higher cold and warm thresholds (P &lt; 0.01), as well as higher thermal grill illusion perception thresholds (P &lt; 0.05), especially in painful body regions compared with controls, whereas touch and pain thresholds values were normal. The CNP group also had a significantly greater prevalence of hyperpathia and allodynia. Regression analysis revealed that whereas presence of CNP was associated with a higher cold threshold, CNP intensity and the number of painful body regions were associated with allodynia and hyperpathia, respectively.ConclusionsCNP in MS is characterized by a specific impairment of STTC function, the innocuous thermal pathways, and by pain hyperexcitability. Whereas CNP presence is associated with STTC impairment, its severity and extent are associated with pain hyperexcitability. Interventions that reduce excitability level may therefore mitigate CNP severity.
Pre-Operative Assessment of Patients Undergoing Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris
Authors: Langford Brendan , Hunt Christine , Lerman Amir , Mauck William D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used to treat a variety of chronic pain conditions refractory to more conservative management including refractory angina pectoris. We identified 31 patients who underwent SCS implantation for the indication of refractory angina at a single institution from 2003 through 2018. Sixteen patients were male, and 15 were female. Average age was 53.9 years. Prior to SCS implantation, all patients had at least one coronary angiogram. Ten (32.3%) patients had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention, and four (12.9%) had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty patients (96.7%) were currently using anti-angina medications. Twenty-six patients (83.9%) were on antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents at the time of SCS evaluation. Spinal cord stimulation implanters must perform a comprehensive evaluation incorporating appropriate multidisciplinary care particularly in patients with refractory angina given their cardiovascular comorbidities. It is important to have baseline data (e.g., pain scores, nitroglycerin consumption, frequency of angina episodes, and a questionnaire, such as the Seattle Angina Questionnaire) to compare with follow-up data to help define treatment success. We report a single institution’s pre-operative experience for patients undergoing SCS for refractory angina to illustrate unique pre-operative SCS considerations in this chronic pain population.
Collaborative Governance in Local Government: How State Law Shapes Community Problem-Solving through Intrastate Preemption
Authors: Amsler Lisa Blomgren , Vieilledent Thibault 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
How may local government, nested in state government as a creature of state law, effectively engage in collaborative governance? What if it finds itself thwarted by state legislation related to policy solutions that community stakeholders identify through collaborative governance as steps to mitigate climate change? This article examines how state legislation may limit or empower local government to use collaborative governance to address climate change. It uses Institutional Analysis and Development with a particular focus on state law as rules that shape municipal action arenas. Legal scholars term state legislation that limits local government action as state preemption or intrastate preemption. Using a 50-state review of state statutes regarding single use plastic bags, fracking, electricity supply, and broadband, this article identifies patterns of intrastate preemption of municipal government authority to adopt policies or ordinances related to the environment. It identifies patterns in states adopting intrastate preemption related to majority political party in the state legislature and governorship. It concludes intrastate preemption may inhibit collaborative governance and community problem-solving by limiting municipal policy choices. This research illustrates the importance of controlling for state law in research on municipal collaborative governance in policy-making.
Gene-activated matrix harboring a miR20a-expressing plasmid promotes rat cranial bone augmentation
Authors: Shido Rena , Sumita Yoshinori , Hara Masahito , Iwatake Mayumi , Narahara Shun , Umebayashi Mayumi , Miura Kei-ichiro , Kodama Yukinobu , Asahina Izumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gene-activated matrix (GAM) has a potential usefulness in bone engineering as an alternate strategy for the lasting release of osteogenic proteins but efficient methods to generate non-viral GAM remain to be established. In this study, we investigated whether an atelocollagen-based GAM containing naked-plasmid (p) DNAs encoding microRNA (miR) 20a, which may promote osteogenesis in vivo via multiple pathways associated with the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs), facilitates rat cranial bone augmentation. First, we confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation functions of generated pDNA encoding miR20a (pmiR20a) in vitro, and its transfection regulated the expression of several of target genes, such as Bambi1 and PPARγ, in rat bone marrow MSCs and induced the increased expression of BMP4. Then, when GAMs fabricated by mixing 100 μl of 2% bovine atelocollagen, 20 mg β-TCP granules and 0.5 mg (3.3 μg/μl) AcGFP plasmid-vectors encoding miR20a were transplanted to rat cranial bone surface, the promoted vertical bone augmentation was clearly recognized up to 8 weeks after transplantation, as were upregulation of VEGFs and BMP4 expressions at the early stages of transplantation. Thus, GAM-based miR delivery may provide an alternative non-viral approach by improving transgene efficacy via a small sequence that can regulate the multiple pathways.
Decellularized small intestine submucosa/polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite scaffold for potential application in hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tissue repair
Authors: Qiu Shijie , Liang Lijin , Zou Peng , Chen Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has been an increase in the incidence of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer worldwide, and hence growing needs for hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tissue repair. This work produced a bi-layer composite scaffold with decellularized small intestine submucosa and polylactic-co-glycolic acid, which resembled the layered architectures of its intended tissues. The decellularized small intestine submucosa contained minimal residual DNA (52.5 ± 1.2 ng/mg) and the composite scaffold exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties (a tensile modulus of 21.1 ± 4.8 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 14.0 ± 2.9 MPa and a failure strain of 26.9 ± 5.1%). The interactions between cells and the respective layers of the scaffold were characterized by CCK-8 assays, immunostaining and Western blotting. Desirable cell proliferation and phenotypic behaviors were observed. These results have provided an important basis for the next-step in vivo studies of the scaffold, and bode well for its future clinical applications.
Evaluating the potential of an amelogenin-derived peptide in tertiary dentin formation
Authors: Peng Xiu , Han Sili , Wang Kun , Ding Longjiang , Liu Zhenqi , Zhang Linglin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several novel biomaterials have been developed for dental pulp capping by inducing tertiary dentin formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of QP5, an amelogenin-based peptide, on the mineralization of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability of human DPCs (hDPCs) after treatment with QP5 was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Migration of hDPCs was assessed using scratch assays, and the pro-mineralization effect was determined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining and the expression of mineralization-related genes and proteins. The results showed that QP5 had little effect on the cell viability, and significantly enhanced the migration capability of hDPCs. QP5 promoted the formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulated the activity of ALP, the expression of mRNA and proteins of mineralization-related genes. A pulp capping model in rats was generated to investigate the biological effect of QP5. The results of micro-computed tomography and haematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that the formation of tertiary dentin in QP5-capping groups was more prominent than that in the negative control group. These results indicated the potential of QP5 as a pulp therapy agent.
Characterization and evaluation of a femtosecond laser-induced osseointegration and an anti-inflammatory structure generated on a titanium alloy
Authors: Liu Yang , Rui Zhongying , Cheng Wei , Song Licheng , Xu Yunqiang , Li Ruixin , Zhang Xizheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCell–material interactions during early osseointegration of the bone–implant interface are critical and involve crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The surface properties of titanium implants also play a critical role in cell–material interactions. In this study, femtosecond laser treatment and sandblasting were used to alter the surface morphology, roughness and wettability of a titanium alloy. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts were then cultured on the resulting titanium alloy disks. Four disk groups were tested: a polished titanium alloy (pTi) control; a hydrophilic micro-dislocation titanium alloy (sandblasted Ti (STi)); a hydrophobic nano-mastoid Ti alloy (femtosecond laser-treated Ti (FTi)); and a hydrophilic hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanostructured Ti alloy [femtosecond laser-treated and sandblasted Ti (FSTi)]. The titanium surface treated by the femtosecond laser and sandblasting showed higher biomineralization activity and lower cytotoxicity in simulated body fluid and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Compared to the control surface, the multifunctional titanium surface induced a better cellular response in terms of proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and collagen secretion. Further investigation of macrophage polarization revealed that increased anti-inflammatory factor secretion and decreased proinflammatory factor secretion occurred in the early response of macrophages. Based on the above results, the synergistic effect of the surface properties produced an excellent cellular response at the bone–implant interface, which was mainly reflected by the promotion of early ossteointegration and macrophage polarization.