bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of mandibular metastatic tumour leading to findings of advanced lung carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Tran Christina , Napier Seamus , Marley John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to their low prevalence and variable clinical presentation, oral metastatic tumours present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. This case describes the presentation of a mandibular metastatic tumour in an apparently healthy patient, initially managed as dento‐alveolar infection by her general dental practitioner (GDP).Case descriptionA 56‐year‐old female attended her GDP with a small intraoral swelling buccal and lingual to the lower left incisors, canine and first premolar. Radiographic examination revealed gross caries in the lower left anterior dentition and periapical bone loss in the region. A week's course of antibiotics had no effect. The swelling increased rapidly and the involved teeth were extracted by the GDP before referral to Oral Surgery. The patient offered no history of weight loss, febrility or breathlessness. Her medical history was unremarkable. She smoked and did not consume alcohol. Histological examination revealed a poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma. A computerized tomography scan of the neck showed a 4 cm mass in the left anterior mandible with adjacent bony destruction. There was bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and a large right‐sided upper lobe lung mass with metastasis to the contralateral upper lobe of the lung, the right adrenal gland and brain. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated non‐small cell carcinoma of the lung was made, staged T4 N3 M1c. Nine weeks after her initial presentation to the GDP, the patient suffered a seizure and passed away.ConclusionThis case demonstrates an uncommon presentation of mandibular metastatic tumour as the first indicator of advanced malignant disease. The presentation of such tumours can often mimic more common, benign processes, making diagnosis challenging. At a time of increased remote assessment of patients due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is particularly important for clinicians to consider the possibility of malignancy when faced with any unusual case of swelling.
Soil nitrogen and carbon changes in a biosolid amended sodic vertisol with a history of treated sewage effluent‐enriched water irrigation
Authors: Nachimuthu Gunasekhar , Hulugalle Nilantha R. , Watkins Mark D. , Finlay Lloyd A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe application of biosolids to cropping soils may improve soil health, supply nitrogen and other nutrients for crops. There are specific guidelines on the quantity of biosolids that can be applied to a soil to grow selected crops. However, some recommendations overlook environmental factors such as soil organic N and N supplied by irrigation water. We conducted a three‐year field monitoring programme to study the effect of biosolid application on sodicity, soil nitrogen and organic carbon status to a depth of 1.8 m in a vertisol with a history of sewage effluent water irrigation. Biosolid application had no effect on soil sodicity. Improvements in soil organic carbon (SOC) were short‐lived and occurred only during the first year. N accumulation and leaching below the root zone (1.2 m) occurred after two years and suggest a possible off‐farm environmental risk. The higher residual mineral N in biosolid treatment 2 years after application implies an opportunity to reduce N inputs in vertisols treated with biosolids and effluent water. The biosolid application rate of 35 Mg ha−1 was well below the nitrogen‐limited biosolid application rate (NLBAR) (100 Mg ha−1) under the current guidelines. This warrants further refinement of NLBAR to suit specific circumstances such as effluent‐enriched water irrigation and additional in‐crop fertilizer application.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: July 2021

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 7 Fathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaMaria Rachel Queiroz, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BrazilMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USAWenjuan Sang, Indiana University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Machine Learning and Anomaly Detection Algorithms for Damage Characterization From Compliance Data in Three-Point Bending Fatigue
Authors: Kalia Subodh , Zeitler Jakob , Mohan Chilukuri K. , Weiss Volker 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Three-point bending fatigue compliance datasets of multi-layer fiberglass-weave/epoxy test specimens, including 5 and 10 mil interlayers, were analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI) methods along with statistical analysis, revealing the existence of three different compliance-based damage modes. Anomaly detection algorithms helped discover damage indicators observable in short intervals (of 50 cycles) in the compliance data, whose patterns vary with the material and the number of load cycles to which the material is subjected. Machine learning algorithms were applied using the compliance features to assess the likelihood that material failure may occur within a certain number of future loading cycles. High accuracy, precision, and recall rates were achieved in the classification task, for which we evaluated several algorithms, including various variations of neural networks and support vector machines. Thus, our work demonstrates the utility of AI algorithms for discovering a diversity of damage mechanisms and failures.
Developing Uncertainty Quantification Strategies in Electromagnetic Problems Involving Highly Resonant Cavities
Authors: Campione Salvatore , Stephens J. Adam , Martin Nevin , Eckert Aubrey , Warne Larry K. , Huerta Gabriel , Pfeiffer Robert A. , Jones Adam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High-quality factor resonant cavities are challenging structures to model in electromagnetics owing to their large sensitivity to minute parameter changes. Therefore, uncertainty quantification (UQ) strategies are pivotal to understanding key parameters affecting the cavity response. We discuss here some of these strategies focusing on shielding effectiveness (SE) properties of a canonical slotted cylindrical cavity that will be used to develop credibility evidence in support of predictions made using computational simulations for this application.
An Analytical Two-Phase Flow Model for Prediction of Leakage in Wet Gas Labyrinth Seals and Pocket Damper Seals. Is Simplicity Still Desired?
Authors: Yang Jing , Andrés Luis San 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Current and upcoming two-phase pump and compression systems in subsea production facilities must demonstrate long-term operation and continuous availability. Annular pressure seals, limiting secondary flow, also influence the dynamic stability of turbomachinery. Hence, it becomes paramount to quantify the leakage and dynamic force coefficients of annular seals operating with two-phase flow, a liquid in gas mixture or wet gas. Until now, a simple model for labyrinth seals (LSs) and the more modern pocket damper seals (PDSs) is not available, though these seal types find wide applications in subsea machinery. The paper develops a simple analytical model predicting the leakage and cavity pressures for LSs and PDSs operating with two-phase flow. The model adapts Neumann’s leakage equation for use with the physical properties of a homogeneous two-phase flow mixture. Predictions of leakage for a four-blade, eight-pocket, fully partitioned PDS operating under a low supply pressure (PS = 2.3 bar and 3.2 bar) and a low rotor speed equal to 5250 rpm (surface speed = 35 m/s) agree well with experimental results procured for both a pure gas and a wet gas conditions (2.2% in liquid volume). Predicted leakage and cavity pressures also agree with those found by a multimillion node computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For an eight-blade, sixteen-pocket PDS supplied with air at PS = 62.1 bar, discharge pressure Pa = 31.1 bar, and rotor speed of 15 krpm (surface speed = 91 m/s), the analytical model predicts leakage that is just 2% larger than a published CFD prediction. For the PDS supplied with an oil in gas mixture having gas volume fraction βS = 0.92–0.98, the simple model delivers leakage that is up to ∼6% lower than published CFD results. An analysis of the two-phase leakage predictions via a modified flow factor reveals a loss coefficient (cd) impervious to the range of supply and discharge pressures considered and growing in proportion to the liquid volume fraction (LVF). Throughout the life of an oil well that sees radical changes in gas and liquid composition as well as pressure conditions, the expedient model, quick and accurate to estimate leakage in wet gases seals, can be readily integrated into an engineering routine or practice.
Understanding Kinematics of the Orthogonal Cutting Using Digital Image Correlation—Measurement and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Dong , Meurer Markus , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Bergs Thomas , Ding Han 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the development of advanced image correlation and high-speed filming techniques, the kinematic field during the cutting process can be experimentally determined including the velocity and strain rate fields. As known, the setting parameters for the digital image correlation (DIC) as well as the optical parameters of the given camera and lighting system have a great influence on the spatial resolution and accuracy of the DIC results. In this study, the speckle pattern in terms of speckle size and intensity distribution are analyzed when using two different surface preparation methods. Moreover, the influences of the subset sizes for the image correlation on the strain rate are numerically studied. Interlaboratory measurements of the kinematic field during the orthogonal cutting of AISI 4140 were conducted with two different in-situ imaging setups. The material flow near the cutting tool edge determined from the velocity field is compared with the numerical simulation. The stagnation zone which is commonly found in the numerical simulation of the cutting process using a chamfered cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool was not observed in the experiments. Furthermore, slip-line fields were constructed from the experimentally determined strain rate components, from which the boundary conditions along the chip-free and chip-tool interface were derived.
Sustainability Assessment of Aviation Fuel Blends
Authors: Gambino Cherie , Reddy T. Agami 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stakeholders in the aviation industry committed to a goal of 50% reduction in carbon emissions by the year 2050, to be achieved by reducing emissions 1.5% each year from 2020 onwards. There are multiple pathways to achieve this goal however; with, the most promising technology being Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), which are biofuels blended with kerosene. As the industry shifts towards SAF, it is important to evaluate these fuels in terms of their long-term sustainability, and this is the objective of the current study. Sixteen types of fuels were assessed which include fossil, natural gas, electric, and SAF. A Multi Criterion Decision Making methodology was adopted which considers three categories, namely environmental, economic, and social aspects which in turn are broken up into 8 indicators in all (such as ecological footprints, cost of transportation, investment cost, operating costs, employment generation, and health & safety). A Monte Carlo analysis was also performed to analyze sensitivity of the results to the weights attributed to the three categories. The most sustainable fuel was found to be Hydrogen, with a score of 0.91 out of 1.0. The least sustainable were determined to be the military kerosene-based fuels (with the experimental fuel JP-8 + 100LT being the poorest with a normalized score of 0.50).
Using Molding to Fabricate Stable Salt Structures for Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Gladen Adam , Azarmi Fardad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present work investigates using a molding technique to fabricate stable salt structures for thermochemical energy storage. Two type of salts were investigated: pure MgSO4 and a blend of 53% CaCl2 with 47% MgSO4. These salts were mixed with two common binders and hot pressed. Various post-hot-pressing conditions were considered including the debinding temperature, whether the sample was sintered, and the sintering temperature. The samples were subjected to combined hydration and thermal cycling. The hydration reaction was monitored by measuring the relative humidity. The samples were visibly inspected for changes between each half cycle. The results indicate that molding can result in stable structures. All the samples of 53wt%CaCl2+47%wtMgSO4 and one sample of pure MgSO4 retained their integrity through the course of cycling. Of the samples that did not retain their integrity through cycling, the results show that fabrication parameters can be used to improve the cycle stability of the molded sample. The hydration data shows that, for the samples that retained their structure, stable hydration rates were achieved. This indicates that the structure stabilized. These results show the feasibility of using molding or similar manufacturing techniques to fabricate a stable structure of hygroscopic salts for thermochemical-based, thermal energy storage.
Performance of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Anode Supported Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Osman Sameer , Ahmed Khaled , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High-temperature ceramic materials used in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are subject to high thermal stresses during operation due to the unequal thermal expansion between different layers. As a result, solid oxide fuel cells are prone to mechanical failure at elevated temperatures, limiting the maximum operating temperature and, therefore, limiting the maximum power density obtained from the fuel cell. Fuel cells with graded electrodes in the thickness direction have been used and extensively investigated to reduce the effect of non-uniform thermal expansion. In this study, two dimensional functionally graded electrodes are proposed for the first time. Thus, a comprehensive theoretical model is developed for a high-temperature SOFCs that includes the charge, species, energy, and momentum transport equations. Also, the bilinear elastoplastic material model is used to calculate thermal stresses and failure in solid materials. The model is used to study two-dimensional functionally graded electrodes introduced to investigate their effect on thermal stresses. The material grading will be implemented in two directions for each layer; thickness and length. Results indicate that using the two-dimensional grading reduced thermal stresses by over 40 % for a specific grading scheme compared to the conventional case. Grading the electrodes also positively affects the electrochemical performance, as the cell’s maximum power density was increased by over 60 %. These results prove that two-dimensional graded SOFCs can achieve much higher operating temperatures with safe thermal stresses, creating a potential for compact, high-temperature SOFCs designed for high power density applications.
A Novel Composite Material of Hygroscopic Salt Stabilized by Nanocellulose for Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Gladen Adam , Bajwa Dilpreet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thermochemical energy storage is promising due to its advantages of high-energy density and low-self discharging. One promising reaction material is the hydration and dehydration of hygroscopic salts. However, many pure salts have poor cycle stability. The present work investigates the development of a new composite material for thermochemical storage by impregnating a framework of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) Various weight ratios of CNC:CaCl2 were prepared by dispersing the salt and CNC in deionized water and using mechanical stirring and ultrasonication processes followed by drying at ambient temperature. The attachment of the salt to the CNC was determined by TEM and FTIR analyses. The enthalpy of dehydration and water uptake were measured. The stability of the composite material was determined by subjecting it to multiple cycles. The results show that the nanocellulose binds to the salt crystals and provide a nano-scale architecture to stabilize the salt. The CNC-salt material shows improved energy density and stability compared to pure salt. For example, for the given hydration conditions, the specific enthalpy of dehydration for the formulation 1:2 weight ratio of CNC to salt is 117 J/g while for the pure CaCl2 the enthalpy of dehydration is 86 J/g. Thus, the CNC-salt material shows ∼1.36-x improvement in energy density. Additionally, over the course of multiple cycles, that caused the pure CaCl2 to deliquesce, formulations of the CNC-salt material retained their structural integrity and energy density.
The Effect of Biot Number on a One-Dimensional General Conduction Solution
Authors: McMasters Robert L. , de Monte Filippo , Beck James V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Analytical solutions for thermal conduction problems are extremely important, particularly for verification of numerical codes. Temperatures and heat fluxes can be calculated very precisely, normally to eight or ten significant figures, even in situations involving large temperature gradients. It can be convenient to have a general analytical solution for a transient conduction problem in rectangular coordinates. The general solution is based on the principle that the three primary types of boundary conditions (prescribed temperature, prescribed heat flux, and convective) can all be handled using convective boundary conditions. A large convection coefficient closely approximates a prescribed temperature boundary condition and a very low convection coefficient closely approximates an insulated boundary condition. Since a dimensionless solution is used in this research, the effect of various values of dimensionless convection coefficients, or Biot number, are explored.
An understandable concern with a general analytical solution is the effect of the choice of convection coefficients on the precision of the solution, since the primary motivation for using analytical solutions is the precision offered. An investigation is made in this study to determine the effects of the choices of large and small convection coefficients on the precision of the analytical solutions generated by the general convective formulation. Results are provided, in tablular and graphical form, to illustrate the effects of the choices of convection coefficients on the precision of the general analytical solution.
Enhanced Mechanism of Water Evaporation Through Nanoporous Membrane
Authors: Liu Runkeng , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Evaporation through nanoporous membrane has attracted tremendous research attention as a ubiquitous natural phenomenon, which can be used in numerous applications. In this work, we explored the ultrathin water film evaporation process on nanoporous membrane based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. A heat localization design of multilayer graphene coated at the bottom of membrane was implemented to reduce the heat loss along the non-evaporation direction. The underlying mechanism of water evaporation through nanoporous membrane was investigated after analysis of the average number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule, the temperature variation and the mean squared displacement of water molecular during the evaporation process. The results showed that the change of pore size will affect the water molecules structure. We also discussed the effect of heat localization design on ultrathin water film evaporation process. The result suggested that water molecules are more active and evaporation efficiency is improved correspondingly. This work reveals the feasibility of the novel nanoporous membrane structure design for enhancing heat and mass transfer, which can be adopted in efficient thermal management and low-cost approaches for water desalination.
A Novel Fast Predicting Technique for the Absorptivity of Surface Coating
Authors: Özkökdemir Emir , Filiz Berkay , Usul Yener 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The most common technique for a surface to have the desired thermo-physical properties or to reflect the desired optical properties is the surface coating. It is used in a wide application area from under the seas to the depths of space. In order for a surface coating to be used, it must have well-defined thermo-physical properties. These properties could be properties that are directly dependent on the material such as heat capacity, heat transfer coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as material and surface-dependent properties such as absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity. Absorptivity is a very important parameter for thermal management of electronics operating under direct solar radiation. Optical methods used to measure the absorptivity are expensive and time consuming methods. In this study, obtaining the absorptivity value of a surface coating with a fast and inexpensive method is investigated. The method consists of two stages; experiment and conduction-based finite element simulation. An aluminum plate with the surface coating to be measured and an aluminum plate with well-known thermo-physical properties without any surface coating are tested in the same environment condition (wind, solar radiation etc.). In the experiment, the time-dependent temperature measurement is taken on both plates separately. Also direct solar radiation and wind speed measurement from the environment are taken. Using these measurements, the FE model is validated and the experiment condition is simulated. The absorptivity of the surface coating is obtained with the iterative solutions made as a result of the analysis test verification studies. The iterative results are presented comparatively with the maximum percent error between simulation and experiment. Consequently, unlike the known methods, the material absorptivity could be measured with a very simple, time efficient and cheap method.
Photon Tunneling via Coupling Graphene Plasmons With Phonon Polaritons of Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Reststrahlen Bands
Authors: Liu Ruiyi , Wu Xiaohu , Cui Zheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The photon tunneling probability is the most important thing in near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT). This work study the photon tunneling via coupling graphene plasmons with phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We consider two cases of the optical axis of hBN along z-axis and x-axis, respectively. We investigate the NFRHT between graphene-covered bulk hBN, and compare it with that of bare bulk hBN. Our results show that in Reststrahlen bands, the coupling of graphene plasmons and phonon polaritons in hBN can either suppress or enhance the photon tunneling probability, depending on the chemical potential of graphene and frequency. This conclusion holds when the optiacal axis of hBN is either along z-axis or x-axis. The findings in this work not only deepen our understanding of coupling mechanism between graphene plasmons with phonon polaritons, but also provide a theoretical basis for controlling photon tunneling in graphene covered hyperbolic materials.