bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbal smoking products: a systematic content analysis and mapping of the e-retail market
Authors: Gupta Arpit , Sharda Shweta , Yogitha Pothamsetty , Goel Sonu , Goyal Ashima , Gauba Krishan 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the online availability and e-marketing strategies of herbal smoking products (HSPs).MethodologyGoogle, Yahoo and Bing were searched using relevant keywords related to HSPs. The first 50 records were retrieved and duplicates were removed. Two trained and calibrated authors screened the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted data from each selected retail-webpage as per the pre-tested data extraction form.ResultsOut of the initial 1044 records obtained, 73 retail webpages were finally included. Most of the webpages about HSPs hailed from India followed by the USA. The results showed 24 brands with about 189 flavour variants that are readily available online to all age groups including minors, with price per pack (20 sticks) of herbal cigarettes ranging from INR (₹) 51 to 1830 (median 588). There are no regulations regarding the sale and marketing of HSPs concerning age restrictions and display of health warnings.ConclusionHSPs are readily available online at affordable prices and attractive variants for customers of all ages. The flavour appeal and the health benefit appeal is being used to target minors and young women. There is an urgent need for some regulations on the sale and e-marketing of such products that have an enormous potential to be used as a gateway to tobacco smoking.
Phenomenology of a supersymmetric model inspired by inflation
Authors: Hollik Wolfgang Gregor , Li Cheng , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid , Paasch Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current challenges in high energy physics and cosmology are to build coherent particle physics models to describe the phenomenology at colliders in the laboratory and the observations in the universe. From these observations, the existence of an inflationary phase in the early universe gives guidance for particle physics models. We study a supersymmetric model which incorporates successfully inflation by a non-minimal coupling to supergravity and shows a unique collider phenomenology. Motivated by experimental data, we set a special emphasis on a new singlet-like state at$$97\,\text {GeV}$$97GeVand single out possible observables for a future linear collider that permit a distinction of the model from a similar scenario without inflation. We define a benchmark scenario that is in agreement with current collider and Dark Matter constraints, and study the influence of the non-minimal coupling on the phenomenology. Measuring the singlet-like state with high precision on the percent level seems to be promising for resolving the models, even though the Standard Model-like Higgs couplings deviate only marginally. However, a hypothetical singlet-like state with couplings of about$$20\,\%$$20%compared to a Standard Model Higgs at$$97\,\text {GeV}$$97GeVencourages further studies of such footprint scenarios of inflation.
Study on low frequency sound insulation characteristic of thin acoustic black hole
Authors: Lian Xiao , Wang Shengsheng , Liu Maolin , Nie Songhui , Peng Jinfeng , Zhou Zhuo , Wu Jiu Hui 
Published: February 2021

We use numerical and experimental methods to investigate the low frequency sound insulation characteristic of designed thin acoustic black hole (ABH). The numerical results show that the sound energy focusing effect plays a leading role in low frequency sound insulation of designed ABH, and the reflection at the edge of ABH is the main reason of sound insulation in medium and high frequencies. Experimental results display that the Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of the designed ABH is higher than 30 dB below 700 Hz, which shows that the isolated acoustic waves are more than 95%. The low frequency sound insulation performance of proposed ABHs is much better than the traditional acoustic materials, which has great potential applications for low frequency sound insulation.
A Randomized Trial of Combined PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Inhibition with Targeted Low-Dose or Hypofractionated Radiation for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Monjazeb Arta M. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Lako Ana , Thrash Emily M. , Brennick Ryan C. , Kao Katrina Z. , Manuszak Claire , Gentzler Ryan D. , Tesfaye Anteneh , Jabbour Salma K. , Alese Olatunji B. , Rahma Osama E. , Cleary James M. , Sharon Elad , Mamon Harvey J. , Cho May , Streicher Howard , Chen Helen X. , Ahmed Mansoor M. , Mariño-Enríquez Adrian , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Gnjatic Sacha , Maverakis Emanual , Marusina Alina I. , Merleev Alexander A. , Severgnini Mariano , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Lindsay James , Weirather Jason L. , Ranasinghe Srinika , Spektor Alexander , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Prospective human data are lacking regarding safety, efficacy, and immunologic impacts of different radiation doses administered with combined PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade.

Patients and Methods:
We performed a multicenter phase II study randomly assigning patients with metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer to repeated low-dose fractionated radiation (LDFRT) or hypofractionated radiation (HFRT) with PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibition. The primary endpoint was response outside the radiation field. Correlative samples were analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence (IF), IHC, RNA/T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), and Olink.

Results:
Eighteen patients were evaluable for response. Median lines of prior therapy were four (range, 1–7). Sixteen patients demonstrated toxicity potentially related to treatment (84%), and 8 patients had grade 3–4 toxicity (42%). Best response was stable disease in 1 patient with out-of-field tumor shrinkage. Median overall survival was 3.8 months (90% confidence interval, 2.3–5.7 months). Correlative IF and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed increased infiltration of CD8+ and CD8+/PD-1+/Ki-67+ T cells in the radiation field after HFRT. LDFRT increased foci of micronuclei/primary nuclear rupture in two subjects. CyTOF and RNA-seq demonstrated significant declines in multiple circulating immune populations, particularly in patients receiving HFRT. TCR sequencing revealed treatment-associated changes in T-cell repertoire in the tumor and peripheral blood.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate the feasibility and safety of adding LDFRT and HFRT to PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade. Although the best response of stable disease does not support the use of concurrent PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibition with HFRT or LDFRT in this population, biomarkers provide support that both LDFRT and HFRT impact the local immune microenvironment and systemic immunogenicity that can help guide future studies.
OPP approach for multi degree of freedom robotic arm Based on Kinematics and Dynamics of Robot
Authors: Dutta Praneet , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Mathur Rupali , Sona Deepika Rani 
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the trajectory and path generation of the industrial manipulator. The trajectory is obtained using the equations of motion and also the optimal path planning (OPP) approach under kinodynamic constraints. The optimal control problem is defined for the minimum cost function and to obtain the necessary conditions. Here we have used pontrygain’s minimum principle to obtain the limiting value of joint angle and also the joint velocity and torque. In this paper we have used the “Two degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator” for analysis and designing the optimal control for multi link and multi degree of freedom manipulator. For analysis purposes, simulation software has been used to formulate the trajectory and minimize the cost function involved.
Orientation Singularity Analysis of Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Xu Qimin 
Published: February 2021

<p>In this paper, an approach for orientation singularity analysis of parallel manipulators (PMs) is proposed by introducing several performance indices referred to the<br />unique form of screw based Jacobian in the velocity transmission as well as force transmission. Here, to prove the effectiveness of the approach, an example of 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) prismatic-revolute-spherical (PRS) parallel manipulator (PM) is first presented to illustrate the fact that the distributions of singularity boundary of the proposed approach is consistence with the result referred to nonredunant PMs by Liu et al. [22]. Further, the proposed approach is an appropriate one not only for nonredunant PMs, but also for a class of redunant PMs by providing another example of the redunant variable geometry truss (VGT) PM, since the performance index of orientation singularity for the manipulator can be<br />created only by determining the unique form of screw based Jacobian.</p>
Relationship of Preeclampsia With Maternal Place of Birth and Duration of Residence Among Non-Hispanic Black Women in the United States
Authors: Boakye Ellen , Sharma Garima , Ogunwole S. Michelle , Zakaria Sammy , Vaught Arthur J. , Kwapong Yaa Adoma , Hong Xiumei , Ji Yuelong , Mehta Laxmi , Creanga Andreea A. , Blaha Michael J. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Nasir Khurram , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in the United States. It disproportionately affects non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women, but little is known about how preeclampsia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors vary among different subpopulations of NHB women in the United States. We investigated the prevalence of preeclampsia by nativity (US born versus foreign born) and duration of US residence among NHB women.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Boston Birth Cohort (1998–2016), with a focus on NHB women. We performed multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations between preeclampsia, nativity, and duration of US residence after controlling for potential confounders.

Results:

Of 2697 NHB women, 40.5% were foreign born. Relative to them, US-born NHB women were younger, in higher percentage current smokers, had higher prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
) and maternal stress, but lower educational level. The age-adjusted prevalence of preeclampsia was 12.4% and 9.1% among US-born and foreign-born women, respectively. When further categorized by duration of US residence, the prevalence of all studied cardiovascular disease risk factors except for diabetes was lower among foreign-born NHB women with <10 versus ≥10 years of US residence. Additionally, the odds of preeclampsia in foreign-born NHB women with duration of US residence <10 years was 37% lower than in US-born NHB women. In contrast, the odds of preeclampsia in foreign-born NHB women with duration of US residence ≥10 years was not significantly different from that of US-born NHB women after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of preeclampsia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors is lower in foreign-born than in US-born NHB women. The healthy immigrant effect, which typically results in health advantages for foreign-born women, appears to wane with longer duration of US residence (≥10 years). Further research is needed to better understand these associations.
Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Related to Antithrombotic Use
Authors: Apostolaki-Hansson Trine , Ullberg Teresa , Pihlsgård Mats , Norrving Bo , Petersson Jesper 
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
To date, large studies comparing mortality and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during oral anticoagulant (OAC), antiplatelet, and nonantithrombotic use are few and show discrepant results.

Methods:
We used data on 13 291 patients with ICH registered in Riksstroke between 2012 and 2016 to compare 90-day mortality and functional outcome following OAC-related ICH (n=2300), antiplatelet-related ICH (n=3637), and nonantithrombotic ICH (n=7354). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses, with adjustment for relevant confounders, were used to compare 90-day mortality. Early (≤24 hours and 1–7 days) and late (8–90 days) mortality was also studied in subgroup analyses. Univariable and multivariable 90-day functional outcome, based on self-reported modified Rankin Scale, was determined using logistic regression.

Results:
Patients with antithrombotic treatment were more often prestroke dependent, older, and had a larger comorbidity burden compared with patients without antithrombotic treatment. At 90 days, antiplatelet and OAC were associated with an increased death rate in multivariable analysis (antiplatelet ICH: hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.14–1.33]; OAC ICH: hazard ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.26–1.57]) compared with nonantithrombotic ICH (reference). OAC ICH and antiplatelet ICH were associated with higher risk of early mortality (≤24 hours: OAC ICH: hazard ratio, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.57–2.38]; antiplatelet ICH: hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.13–1.54]). In multivariable analysis, the odds ratios for the association of antiplatelet and OAC treatment on functional dependency (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–5) at 90 days were nonsignificant (antiplatelet: odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.92–1.24]; OAC: odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.76–1.22]).

Conclusions:
In this large observational study, we found that 90-day mortality outcome was worse not only in OAC ICH but also in antiplatelet ICH, compared with patients with nonantithrombotic ICH. Antiplatelet ICH is common and is a serious condition with poor clinical outcome. Further studies are, therefore, warranted in determining the appropriate clinical management of these patients.
Genetic chemical variability of the volatiles and phenolic compounds in Clinopodium serpyllifolium subsp. fruticosum (L.) Bräuchler syn. Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce grown in Israel
Authors: Sharma Reena , Shachter Alona , Almog Limor , Oren Gilad , Roynik-Toshner Hagar , Dudai Nativ 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clinopodium serpyllifolium is a perennial medicinal plant generally used as herbal tea in folk medicine. Leaves of C. serpyllifolium from the representative exemplars in the Newe Ya’ar living germplasm collection were analyzed for their polyphenolic and volatiles composition, and tested for their antioxidant activity. The oxygenated monoterpenes pulegone (10.4–50.6%), piperitenone oxide (3.2–28.6%), piperitenone (0.9–14.6%), trans-piperitone oxide (0.3–11.2%), iso-menthol (0.3–8.8%) and sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (7.4–13.7%) were found to be the major constituents from the solvent extraction of C. serpyllifolium analyzed by gc-ms. The representative exemplars were grouped into two chemotypes: one rich in pulegone and the second rich in piperitenone oxide and piperitenone. The total polyphenolics content, determined range from 26.6 to 62.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (dw). The antioxidant activity ranged from (42.8–77.1 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g dw). hplc analysis revealed the rosmarinic acid content also showed remarkable differences in C. serpyllifolium (0.3–1.8 dry weight %). The results indicate that there is chemical diversity and also difference in the content of polyphenols of the representative exemplars. Antioxidant activity was in correlation with phenolic components.
New Technique of Posterior Fixation of Tube With Fibrin Sealant Prevents Dysphagia in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Kizilkaya Mehmet Celal , Bozkurt Mehmet A. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction This study compared the effects of posterior fixation (PF) of the remnant tube with fibrin tissue glue to prevent sharp angulation and gastric twist and traditional techniques on postoperative dysphagia and vomiting. Methodology In total, 200 patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a bariatric surgical intervention were randomly classified into 2 groups (LSG + PF and LSG alone). We compared postoperative dysphagia symptoms among patients who underwent PF and those who did not. The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) results were compared statistically among these groups. Results The study included a total of 191 patients (85.9% (n = 164) women and 14.1% (n = 27) men) who underwent LSG for obesity. The groups were similar in terms of the patient demographics. The DHI scores of the LSG + PF group were statistically significantly lower than those of the LSG alone group. Conclusion Adoption of a standardized method of PF with a standardized surgical procedure after LSG considerably reduced the rate of surgical complications.
Transoral versus Transcervical Drainage of Pharyngeal Abscesses in Children: Post-Operative Complications
Authors: Maroun Christopher A. , Zalzal Habib G. , Mustafa Ayman A. , Carr Michele 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare complications and other perioperative outcomes between intraoral and transcervical drainage of both retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed data from the 2012 to 2016 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)-Pediatric public use files. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes including postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) were compared between intraoral and transcervical drainage groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to inspect predictors of having an extended LOS, defined as LOS greater than 3 days. Results: A total of 1174 patients were included. Mean age was 5.1 ± 3.8 years in the intraoral group (N = 1063) and 4.2 ± 4.3 years in the transcervical group (N = 111, P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of post-operative complications between groups (5.7% intraoral vs 8.1% transcervical, P = .316). LOS was significantly longer in the transcervical group (>3 days in 36.2% of intraoral vs 49.5% of transcervical, P = .006). Patients in the transcervical group had 1.59 times the odds of extended LOS, after adjusting for age, pre-operative ventilator support, asthma, structural pulmonary disease, hematologic disorders, and all post-operative complications ( P = .024). Conclusion: There does not appear to be a significant difference in the rate of post-operative complications after intraoral versus transcervical drainage for pharyngeal abscesses in children. However, transcervical drainage was associated with an extended hospital stay. Further prospective studies will be needed to determine the reasons for this.
Is It Income Adaptation or Social Comparison? The Effect of Relative Income on Happiness and the Easterlin Paradox in India
Authors: Lakshmanasamy T. , Maya K. 
Published: February 2021

Income adaptation and social comparison are the standard explanations for the lack of a direct long-run relationship between income and happiness. Individuals evaluate life satisfaction relative to past income or income of others. As individual income increases, so also expectations and the mismatch between income and aspirations hold down the happiness level. When everyone’s income increases, the relative position of individuals remains the same, and hence, average happiness does not increase commensurately with increase in income. The validity of the Easterlin Paradox and the relevance of income adaptation and social comparison explanations in India are examined by replicating cross-country analysis with cross-states analysis using the World Values Survey data for 1990–2014 and by applying ordered probit panel estimation. The empirical analysis shows that the long-run income-life satisfaction gradient is negative across states and over time. The panel estimates show the negative relative income effects dominate the positive absolute income effect. There is perfect income adaptation at the individual and aggregate levels. The immediate neighbourhood income—the state average income—is the relevant reference group income. Reducing the income gap and augmenting income sources of the poor may reduce the effect of relative comparison and increase happiness level in the long run in India. JEL Classification: C23, C35, I31
A Scoping Review of Economic Evaluations of Workplace Wellness Programs
Authors: Unsal Nilay , Weaver GracieLee , Bray Jeremy , Bibeau Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Objective Debates about the effectiveness of workplace wellness programs (WWPs) call for a review of the evidence for return on investment (ROI) of WWPs. We examined literature on the heterogeneity in methods used in the ROI of WWPs to show how this heterogeneity may affect conclusions and inferences about ROI. Methods We conducted a scoping review using systematic review methods and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We reviewed PubMed, EconLit, Proquest Central, and Scopus databases for published articles. We included articles that (1) were published before December 20, 2019, when our last search was conducted, and (2) met our inclusion criteria that were based on target population, target intervention, evaluation method, and ROI as the main outcome. Results We identified 47 peer-reviewed articles from the selected databases that met our inclusion criteria. We explored the effect of study characteristics on ROI estimates. Thirty-one articles had ROI measures. Studies with costs of presenteeism had the lowest ROI estimates compared with other cost combinations associated with health care and absenteeism. Studies with components of disease management produced higher ROI than programs with components of wellness. We found a positive relationship between ROI and program length and a negative relationship between ROI and conflict of interest. Evaluations in small companies (≤500 employees) were associated with lower ROI estimates than evaluations in large companies (>500 employees). Studies with lower reporting quality scores, including studies that were missing information on statistical inference, had lower ROI estimates. Higher methodologic quality was associated with lower ROI estimates. Conclusion This review provides recommendations that can improve the methodologic quality of studies to validate the ROI and public health effects of WWPs.