bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a pharmacogenomic study on individualised antipsychotic drug treatment for patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Su Yi , Yu Hao , Wang Zhiren , Liu Sha , Zhao Liansheng , Fu Yingmei , Yang Yongfeng , Du Bo , Zhang Fuquan , Zhang Xiangrong , Huang Manli , Hou Cailan , Huang Guoping , Su Zhonghua , Peng Mao , Yan Ran , Zhang Yuyanan , Yan Hao , Wang Lifang , Lu Tianlan , Jia Fujun , Li Keqing , Lv Luxian , Wang Hongxing , Yu Shunying , Wang Qiang , Tan Yunlong , Xu Yong , Zhang Dai , Yue Weihua 
Published: June 2021

Background
Schizophrenia is a severe and complex psychiatric disorder that needs treatment based on extensive experience. Antipsychotic drugs have already become the cornerstone of the treatment for schizophrenia; however, the therapeutic effect is of significant variability among patients, and only around a third of patients with schizophrenia show good efficacy. Meanwhile, drug-induced metabolic syndrome and other side-effects significantly affect treatment adherence and prognosis. Therefore, strategies for drug selection are desperately needed. In this study, we will perform pharmacogenomics research and set up an individualised preferred treatment prediction model.

Aims
We aim to create a standard clinical cohort, with multidimensional index assessment of antipsychotic treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

Method
This trial is designed as a randomised clinical trial comparing treatment with different kinds of antipsychotics. A total sample of 2000 patients with schizophrenia will be recruited from in-patient units from five clinical research centres. Using a computer-generated program, the participants will be randomly assigned to four treatment groups: aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone. The primary outcomes will be measured as changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of schizophrenia, which reflects the efficacy. Secondary outcomes include the measure of side-effects, such as metabolic syndromes. The efficacy evaluation and side-effects assessment will be performed at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months.

Results
This trial will assess the efficacy and side effects of antipsychotics and create a standard clinical cohort with a multi-dimensional index assessment of antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia patients.

Conclusion
This study aims to set up an individualized preferred treatment prediction model through the genetic analysis of patients using different kinds of antipsychotics.
Tobacco Use and Tobacco Treatment Referral Response of Patients With Cancer: Implementation Outcomes at a National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Center
Authors: Burris Jessica L. , Borger Tia N. , Shelton Brent J. , Darville Audrey K. , Studts Jamie L. , Valentino Joseph , Blair Courtney , Davis D. Bront , Scales Joan 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: Smoking after a cancer diagnosis is linked to cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, among other adverse outcomes. Yet, 10%-20% of US cancer survivors are current smokers. Implementation of evidence-based tobacco treatment in cancer care facilities is widely recommended, yet rarely accomplished. This study focuses on the early outcomes of a population-based tobacco treatment program integrated within an National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The sample consists of 26,365 patients seen at the cancer center during the first 18 months of program implementation. The study is a retrospective chart review of patients' tobacco use and, among current users, patients' treatment referral response. RESULTS: More than 99% of patients were screened for tobacco use. Current (past month) use was observed in 21.05% of patients; cigarettes were the most popular product. Only 17.22% of current users accepted a referral for tobacco treatment; among current users who declined, the majority were not ready to quit (65.84%) or wanted to quit on their own (27.01%). Multiple demographic variables were associated with tobacco use and treatment referral response outcomes. CONCLUSION: Despite cancer diagnosis presenting a teachable moment for tobacco cessation, patients with cancer may not be ready to quit or engage with treatment. Clinically proven strategies to increase motivation, prompt quit attempts, and encourage treatment use should be key components of tobacco treatment delivery to patients with cancer.
Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Mortality in Patients with Adrenal Adenomas in a Population-based Setting
Authors: Zhang Catherine D , Li Dingfeng , Kaur Ravinder Jeet , Ebbehoj Andreas , Singh Sumitabh , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Achenbach Sara J , Young William F , Arlt Wiebke , Rocca Walter A , Bancos Irina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
While adrenal adenomas have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity in convenience samples of patients from specialized referral centers, large-scale population-based data are lacking.

Objective
To determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic disease and assess mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with adrenal adenomas.

Design
Population-based cohort study.

Setting
Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA.

Patients
Patients diagnosed with adrenal adenomas without overt hormone excess and age- and sex-matched referent subjects without adrenal adenomas.

Main outcome measure
Prevalence, incidence of cardiometabolic outcomes, mortality.

Results
(Adrenal adenomas were diagnosed in 1004 patients (58% women, median age 63 years) from 1/01/1995 to 12/31/2017. At baseline, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely to have hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.96, 95% CI 1.58-2.44], dysglycemia (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.33-2.00), peripheral vascular disease (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32-2.06), heart failure (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.33), and myocardial infarction (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02-2.22) compared to referent subjects. During median follow-up of 6.8 years, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely than referent subjects to develop de novo chronic kidney disease [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.86], cardiac arrhythmia (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58), peripheral vascular disease (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55), cardiovascular events (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.73), and venous thromboembolic events (aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.48-3.13). Adjusted mortality was similar between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
Adrenal adenomas are associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in a population-based cohort.
Secondary Breast Cancer Sociodemographic Characteristics and Survival by Age Group
Authors: Sauder Candice A. M. , Li Qian , Bold Richard J. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Secondary cancers account for 16% of all new cancer diagnoses, with breast cancer (BC) the most common secondary cancer. We have shown that secondary BC has unique characteristics and decreased survival compared with primary BC in adolescent and young adults (AYA; 15–39 years old). However, older BC populations are less well studied.

Methods
Females (age ≥ 15 years) diagnosed with primary BC during 1991–2015 (n = 377,167) and enrolled in the California Cancer Registry were compared with those with secondary BC (n = 37,625) by age (15–39, 40–64, ≥ 65 years). We examined BC-specific survival (BCSS) accounting for other causes of death as a competing risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Most secondary BC patients were of older age (15–39, n = 777; 40–64, n = 15,848; ≥ 65, n = 21,000). Compared with primary BC treatment, secondary BCs were more often treated with mastectomy and less often with chemotherapy and/or radiation. BCSS was shorter in secondary BC patients than primary BC patients, but the survival difference between secondary and primary BC diminished with age [15–39 hazard ratio (HR): 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–2.39; 40–64 HR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.44–1.58; ≥ 65 HR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.10–1.19]. Survival differences were most pronounced in women with hormone receptor positive disease and Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islanders 40–64 years of age.

Conclusions
When BC is diagnosed following a prior cancer of any organ site, BCSS is worse than when compared with patients for whom BC is the primary diagnosis, suggesting that we may need to tailor our treatments for women with secondary BC.
First record of Peropteryx pallidoptera (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) in Bolivia
Authors: Siles Lizette , Hidalgo-Cossio Marisol , Amusquivar-Calustro Alejandra , Camacho Teodoro , Huayta-Sarzuri Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

El género Peropteryx contiene cinco especies distribuidas en la región Neotropical. Tres de estas especies se encuentran en Bolivia (P. macrotis, P. kappleri y P. leucoptera). Peropteryx pallidoptera fue recientemente descrita y se distribuye en los bosques de tierras bajas amazónicas de Ecuador, Perú, Brasil y Colombia. En esta nota, se reporta el primer registro de P. pallidoptera en Bolivia. El 22 de noviembre de 2016, se observó una colonia de murciélagos en una cavidad en el suelo, en un parche de bosque ubicado en la comunidad rural de Isinuta en la Provincia Chapare (Departamento de Cochabamba). El área está clasificada como ecorregión de bosques del sudoeste de la Amazonía. Se colectó uno de los murciélagos y confirmamos la identificación de la especie con medidas del cráneo. Se observaron todos los caracteres diagnósticos externos y craneales de P. pallidoptera en el ejemplar. Además, las medidas externas y craneales están dentro del rango reportado para la especie. Este ejemplar extiende la distribución conocida de P. pallidoptera 1,420 km al sureste desde el punto más cercano en Perú, y es la localidad más austral de la especie. El hábitat y refugio donde se colectó P. pallidoptera concuerda con lo descrito en la literatura. El nuevo registro en Bolivia se encuentra dentro de la amplia distribución potencial en la región amazónica predicha en la descripción de la especie. Sin embargo, crea una gran brecha en el norte de Bolivia, el noroeste de Brasil y el sureste de Perú, donde se espera tener más registros en el futuro.
Evaluation of the potential highest altitudinal record of Micronycteris hirsuta
Authors: Martínez-Medina Daniela , Calderón-Acevedo Camilo A. , Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , Rodríguez-Posada Miguel E. 
Published: June 2021

Micronycteris hirsuta es una especie ampliamente distribuida en el Centro y Sur de América en altitudes no mayores a los 1,500 m y asociada con bosques conservados. Se registró un individuo muerto de esta especie en la ciudad de Bogotá, a 2,600 m. Considerando que los registros previos provienen de altitudes más bajas y que esta especie no es frecuente en ecosistemas perturbados, se cuestiona la presencia de M. hirsuta en la ciudad. Para evaluar si es probable que esta especie habite en áreas cercanas a Bogotá, se desarrolló un modelo de nicho ecológico (ENM, por sus iniciales en inglés), se revisó la distribución de esta especie en Colombia y las especies reportadas para la ciudad de Bogotá. Se reporta el registro de mayor altitud de Micronycteris hirsuta, a 2,600 m. El espécimen encontrado exhibe todos los caracteres diagnósticos conocidos para esta especie. Sin embargo, no se encontró evidencia que respalde la presencia de M. hirsuta en áreas cerca de Bogotá. De acuerdo con los resultados y los atributos ecológicos de esta especie, no se respalda que M. hirsuta habite áreas cercanas a Bogotá y otros ecosistemas de altitud alta. Se discuten otras hipótesis que pueden explicar este registro, incluyendo una posible migración o un transporte accidental desde las zonas bajas. Se resalta la importancia de evaluar los registros inusuales en la distribución de las especies usando ENMs y analizándolos bajo la luz de los atributos ecológicos de cada especie.
Noteworthy record of the kit fox, Vulpes macrotis, in the southcentral limit of its historical distribution
Authors: Dávalos-Fong M. Izumy , Pérez-Montes L. Ernesto , Rosales-Rodríguez José L. , Cornejo-Latorre Cristian 
Published: June 2021

La zorrita del desierto, Vulpes macrotris, es un carnívoro nocturno poco común a raro que habita las regiones desérticas y semiáridas del oeste de Norteamérica. A diferencia de las poblaciones más norteñas, en el centro-sur de su distribución geográfica existe menos información sobre esta especie. En esta nota, reportamos un registro notable de la zorrita del desierto en el noroeste de San Luis Potosí, México. El 12 de agosto de 2017, se realizó el registro de un ejemplar macho atropellado en una carretera del municipio de Charcas San Luis Potosí, México. Esta zorrita del desierto fue fotografiada y se le tomaron medidas somáticas externas. Adicionalmente, se tomaron las coordenadas geográficas y se determinaron las características del tipo de hábitat. Nuestro registro representa la primera evidencia confiable de la zorrita del desierto en el estado de San Luis Potosí, México y posiblemente también es el segundo registro más sureño de la especie en el centro-sur de su distribución histórica. El ejemplar fue registrado a 107 km al noroeste del registro anterior en 11.26 km al S de Real de Los Pinos, Zacatecas, México. Se confirma la presencia de la zorrita del desierto para el noroeste de San Luis Potosí, México, después de 65 años de su último registro en la localidad más cercana en el estado de Zacatecas. Se discuten las implicaciones biológicas de este registro, así como la necesidad de realizar un seguimiento efectivo a largo plazo para conocer la distribución y determinar los parámetros ecológicos de las poblaciones de la zorrita del desierto en la zona.
Compact dual-polarization silicon integrated couplers for multicore fibers
Authors: Ruiz Julian L. Pita , Rocha Lucas G. , Yang Jun , Kocabaş Şükrü Ekin , Li Ming-Jun , Aldaya Ivan , Dainese Paulo , Gabrielli Lucas H. 
Published: June 2021

Compact fiber-to-chip couplers play an important role in optical interconnections, especially in data centers. However, the development of couplers has been mostly limited to standard single-mode fibers, with few devices compatible with multicore and multimode fibers. Through the use of state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, we designed a compact dual-polarization coupler to interface chips and dense multicore fibers, demonstrating, for the first time, coupling to both polarizations of all the cores, with measured coupling efficiency of

−

4.3

d
B

and with a 3 dB bandwidth of 48 nm. The dual-polarization coupler has a footprint of

200

µ

m

2

per core, which makes it the smallest fiber-to-chip coupler experimentally demonstrated on a standard silicon-on-insulator platform.
A Listeria monocytogenes clone in human breast milk associated with severe acute malnutrition in West Africa: A multicentric case-controlled study
Authors: Sarr Marièma , Tidjani Alou Maryam , Delerce Jeremy , Khelaifia Saber , Diagne Nafissatou , Diallo Aldiouma , Bassene Hubert , Bréchard Ludivine , Bossi Vincent , Mbaye Babacar , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Levasseur Anthony , Sokhna Cheikh , Million Matthieu , Raoult Didier 
Published: June 2021

Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health problem affecting children under the age of five in many low- and middle-income countries, and its resolution would contribute towards achieving the several sustainable development goals. The etiology of SAM is pluri-factorial, including delayed maturation of the gut microbiota, suboptimal feeding practices and dysfunctional breastfeeding. The recent serendipitous detection of Listeria monocytogenes in the breast milk of Malian women, in contrast to French women, suggests a possible association with SAM.

Methodology/ Principal findings
To investigate the possible association of L. monocytogenes carriage in breast milk and SAM, a case-control study was performed in Senegal, with subjects recruited from two areas. Using 16S amplicon sequencing, a culture independent method, 100% (152/152) of the mothers were positive for L. monocytogenes in their breast milk while qPCR analysis gave lower recovery rates. Interestingly, after enrichment in Fraser broth and seeding on PALCALM agar, all 10 isolated strains were isolated from the milk of 10 mothers who had SAM children which also had a significantly increased relative abundance of L. monocytogenes (0.34 (SD 0.35) vs 0.05 (SD 0.07) in controls, p<0.0001). The high genomic similarity between these strains and Malian breast milk strains from a previous study supports the hypothesis of endemic clone carriage in West Africa. Moreover, the in vitro growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes using breast milk samples was obtained from only 50% of the milk of mothers who had SAM children, in contrast to control samples which systematically inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes with a higher inhibition diameter (15.7 mm (SD 2.3) in controls versus 3.5 mm (SD 4.6) in SAM, p = 0.0001). Lactobacillus and Streptococcus isolated from the breast milk of controls inhibit L. monocytogenes in a species-dependent manner.

Conclusions/Significance
Our study reveals a previously unsuspected carriage of L. monocytogenes in the breast milk of West African women, which is associated with SAM. The inhibitory effect of human selected lactic acid bacterial species against L. monocytogenes might provide new therapeutic and inexpensive options to prevent and treat this neglected public health issue.
Incidence of extraovarian clear cell cancers in women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis: A cohort study
Authors: Saavalainen Liisu , Lassus Heini , But Anna , Gissler Mika , Heikinheimo Oskari , Pukkala Eero 
Published: June 2021

Background
Endometriosis is associated with increased risk of clear cell ovarian cancer and has even suggested being an etiological factor for this cancer. Association between endometriosis and extraovarian clear cell cancers is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between surgically diagnosed endometriosis and risk of extraovarian clear cell cancers according to the type of endometriosis (i.e., ovarian, peritoneal, and other endometriosis) and the site of clear cell cancer.

Methods
In this register-based historic cohort study we identified all women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registry 1987–2012. Data on extraovarian clear cell cancers of these women were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The follow-up started January 1st, 2007 or at endometriosis diagnosis (if later), and ended at emigration, death or on the December 31st, 2014. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for each site of clear cell carcinoma (intestine, kidney, urinary tract, gynecological organs other than ovary), using the Finnish female population as reference.

Results
The endometriosis cohort consisted of 48,996 women, including 22,745 women with ovarian and 19,809 women with peritoneal endometriosis. Altogether 23 extraovarian clear cell cancers were observed during 367,386 person-years of follow-up. The risk of extraovarian clear cell cancer was not increased among all women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis (standardized incidence ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.33) nor in different types of endometriosis. The incidence of clear cell cancer in any specific site was not increased either.

Conclusions
The risk of extraovarian clear cell cancers in women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis is similar to that in the general population in Finland.
A novel diagnostic approach for assessing pulmonary blood flow distribution using conventional X-ray angiography
Authors: Sakaguchi Takuya , Watanabe Yuichiro , Hirose Masashi , Takei Kohta , Yasukochi Satoshi 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Quantitative assessment of pulmonary blood flow distribution is important when determining the clinical indications for treating pulmonary arterial branch stenosis. Lung perfusion scintigraphy is currently the gold standard for quantitative blood flow measurement. However, it is expensive, cannot provide a real-time assessment, requires additional sedation, and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a novel technology for measuring pulmonary blood flow distribution in each lung by conventional X-ray pulmonary angiography and to compare its performance to that of lung perfusion scintigraphy.

Methods
Contrast-enhanced X-ray pulmonary angiography images were acquired at a frame rate of 30 frames per second. The baseline mask image, obtained before contrast agent injection, was subtracted from subsequent, consecutive images. The time-signal intensity curves of two regions of interest, established at each lung field, were obtained on a frame-to-frame basis. The net increase in signal intensity within each region at the torrent period during the second cardiac cycle before contrast agent enhancement over the total lung field was measured, and the right-to-left ratio of the signal intensity was calculated. The right-to-left ratio obtained with this approach was compared to that obtained with scintigraphy. Agreement of the right-to-left ratio between X-ray angiography and lung scintigraphy measurements was assessed using linear fitting with the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Result
The calculation of the right-to-left ratio of pulmonary blood flow by our kinetic model was feasible for seven children as a pilot study. The right-to-left ratio of pulmonary blood flow distribution calculated from pulmonary angiography was in good agreement with that of lung perfusion scintigraphy, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91 and a slope of linear fit of 1.2 (p<0.005).

Conclusion
The novel diagnostic technology using X-ray pulmonary angiography from our kinetic model can feasibly quantify the right-to-left ratio of pulmonary blood flow distribution. This technology may serve as a substitute for lung perfusion scintigraphy, which is quite beneficial for small children susceptible to radiation exposure.
Association of lung function with functional limitation in older adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Yu , Shen Liang , Zhan Runqing , Wang Xiaoxu , Chen Huanhuan , Shen Xiaoli 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionImpaired lung function is independently associated with higher rates of disability, however, few studies have examined the association between lung function and functional limitation. This study aimed to assess this association and dose-response relationship in older adults.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012) was used as a cross-sectional study. Lung function was determined by Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Functional limitation in older adults was identified by six self-reported questions on physical function. 3070 adults aged 60 and over were enrolled in our study. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine the association between lung function and the risk of functional limitation.ResultsFEV1and FVC were inversely associated with the risk of functional limitation. In the full adjusted model, compared with the lowest tertile of FEV1, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of functional limitation for tertile 2 and tertile 3 were 0.5422 (0.3848–0.7639) and 0.4403 (0.2685–0.7220), and the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of functional limitation for tertile 2 and tertile 3 of FVC were 0.5243 (0.3503–0.7848) and 0.3726 (0.2072–0.6698). Furthermore, an inverse association persisted after stratified analysis by gender and sensitivity analysis. Dose-response analyses showed that the odds of functional limitation declined with increase in FEV1and FVC in a nonlinear manner.ConclusionsLung function was inversely associated with functional limitation among older adults.