bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lungs were on fire: a pilot study of 18F-FDG PET/CT in idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Liang Junyu , Cao Heng , Liu Yinuo , Ye Bingjue , Sun Yiduo , Ke Yini , He Ye , Xu Bei , Lin Jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and its rapid progression (RP) were main contributors to unfavorable outcome of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients. This study aimed at identifying the clinical value of PET/CT scan in IIM-ILD patients as well as constructing a predicting model for RP-ILD.Methods: Adult IIM-ILD patients who were hospitalized at four divisions of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZJU) from Jannuary 1st 2017 to December 31st 2020 were reviewed. PET/CT scan as well as other factors of patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 61 IIM-ILD patients were finally enrolled into this study. Twenty-one patients (34.4%) developed RP-ILD and 24 patients (39.3%) died in follow-up. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, percent-predicted diﬀusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO%, P=0.014), bilateral lung mean standard uptake value (SUVmean, P=0.014) and abnormal mediastinal lymph node (P=0.045) were significantly different in comparison between RP-ILD and non-RP-ILD groups. A “DLM” model was hereby established by including the above three values to predict RP-ILD with a cutoff value of ≥2 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905. Higher bilateral lung SUVmean (P=0.019) and spleen SUVmean (P=0.011) were observed in IIM-ILD patients who died within three months, and a moderate correlation was recognized between the two values. Conclusions: Elevated bilateral lung SUVmean and abnormal mediastinal lymph node were associated with RP-ILD in IIM-ILD patients. The “DLM” model was valuable in predicting RP-ILD and demanded further evaluation.
Oral Health Assessment in A Sample of Displaced People as A Result of The War on Syria In Damascus City: Results of Non-Profit Initiative
Authors: Kazwini Rudwan , Kasem Tarek , Alhuda Noor Ewaz Ali , Albarshah Marwah , Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Subeh Dania 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: War on Syria extended for a long time and which resulted in significant impacts on various aspects, one of these aspects was displaced people crisis, and thus its impact on complete neglecting of oral health despite of its importance and impacts on the general health. This study aims to assess the oral health of the displaced as a result of the war on Syria. Materials and Methods: the sample included 118 patients of displaced families from different regions and cities to shelters in Damascus city and Damascus suburbs, and the study sample included 118 control samples whose data were collected from the Faculty of Dentistry - Damascus University. The working team included 20 dentists of all dental specialties. Oral health was assessed using DMFT index. Results: the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the DMFT index value between children and adults, where the value of DMFT was (0-11) with a mean value (2.4), as the total value of DMFT between the two age groups was greater in adults' group than the children group. The total DMFT value for adults was (2.77), while for children (2.12). Statistical difference was noticed only in the numbers of missing teeth between the two age groups (P = 0.000), and there was no statistical difference between males and females in term of the DMFT value (P = 0.688). Conclusion: This study concluded that the DMFT value is high among the displaced people as a result of the war on Syria.
Performance and Usefulness of a Novel Automated Immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Assay Kit for the Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Saito Kaori , Ai Tomohiko , Kawai Akinori , Matsui Jun , Fukushima Yoshiyuki , Kikukawa Norihiro , Kyoutou Takuya , Chonan Masayoshi , Kawakami Takeaki , Hosaka Yoshie , Misawa Shigeki , Takagi Haruhi , Matsushita Yasushi , Hiki Makoto , Okuzawa Atsushi , Hori Satoshi , Naito Toshio , Miida Takashi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Tabe Yoko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a newly developed automated immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit designed to detect the nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: The HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit is composed of automated chemiluminescence detection systems. Western blot analysis confirmed that anti-SARS-CoV antibodies detected SARS-CoV-2 N proteins. The best cut-off index (COI) was determined using human serum samples obtained from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients and patients without COVID-19. To test the clinical performance, 115 samples obtained from 46 patients with COVID-19 and 69 individuals who tested negative for COD-19 using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used. Results: The HISCL antigen assay kit showed a sensitivity of 95.4 % in the samples with copy numbers of >100, and a sensitivity of 16.6 % in the samples with copy numbers of <99. The kit did not cross-react with other human corona viruses causing seasonal common cold (HCoV 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) and influenza (H1N1, H3N2, and B), and none of the 69 individuals with negative RT-qPCR results were diagnosed as positive. Importantly, 81.8 % of the samples with low virus load (<50 copy numbers) were diagnosed as negative. Thus, use of the HISCL antigen assay kit may reduce overdiagnosis compared with RT-qPCR tests. Conclusion: The rapid and high-throughput HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit developed in this study can be used as a suitable screening test for infectious COVID-19, and may play a role in controlling the pandemic.
Brain Activity and Upper Limb Movement Analysis in Individuals With Down Syndrome Undergoing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Virtual Reality Training: Study Protocol for a Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: LOPES JAMILE , Miziara Isabela Marques , Kahani Danial , Parreira Rodolfo Borges , Lazzari Roberta Delasta , Santos Lucas Villalta , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Cardoso Deborah Carvalho da Silva , Mendes Juliana de Oliveira Hassel , Alves Vera Lucia dos Santos , Silva Iransé Oliveira , Oliveira Luis Vicente , Conway Bernard Arthur , Galli Manuela , Cimolin Veronica , Oliveira Claudia Santos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Children with Down Syndrome have poorer functional and sensory skills compared to children with typical development. Virtual reality training could help improve these skills. Moreover, transcranial direct current stimulation has achieved promising results in terms of enhancing the effects of physical and sensory therapy by modulating cortical excitability. Methods/design The sample will be defined after conducting a pilot study with the same methodology as that to be used in the main study. The study will involve individuals with Down Syndrome with a cognitive age of six to 12 years according to the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale. Will be randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 AtDCS combined with a virtual reality game and a manual motor task. Group 2 sham AtDCS with a virtual reality game and a manual motor task. The training protocol will involve 10 sessions of AtDCS during memory and motor task games. Three 20-minute sessions will be held per week for a total of 10 sessions. Evaluations will be performed on three different occasions: pre-intervention, post-intervention (after session 10) and follow-up (one month after the proposed training). The evaluations will consist of an analysis of electroencephalographic signals, electromyographic signals of the biceps and triceps brachii and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the reaching movement. The results will be analyzed statistically, with the significance level set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion: The optimization of the results obtained is believed to be related to interactive training with a wide range of activities and scenarios involving multiple sensory channels and the creation of exercises, the intensity of which can be adjusted to the needs of individuals. Therefore, the proposed study aims to complement the literature with further information and different variables to provide the scientific community with clinical data on this combination of interventions. Trial Registration: REBEC protocol number RBR-43pk59 registered on 2019/03/27 and Human Ethics Committee number 3.608.521 approved on 2019/09/30.
Does the Osseodensification Technique Allow for the use of a Healing Chamber with Primary Stability in Low-Density Bone? An in Vivo Study
Authors: Mello-Machado Rafael Coutinho , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , Granjeiro Jose Mauro , Calasans-Maia José Albuquerque , Uzeda Marcelo Jose Guedes Pinheiro , Mourão Carlos Fernando Almeida Barros , Ghiraldini Bruna , Bezerra Fabio Jose Barbosa , Senna Plinio Mendes , Calasans-Maia Mônica Diuana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in vivo the hypothesis that the osseodensification technique, through a wider osteotomy, produce healing chambers at the implant-bone interface with no impact on primary stability osseointegration in low-density bone. Twenty implants (3.5 x 10 mm) presenting nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) surface were inserted in the ilium of ten sheep, after preparation of a 2.7-mm wide implant bed with conventional subtractive drilling (SCD) or a 3.8-mm wide implant bed with an osseodensification bur system (OBS) (n = 5/group/period). The final insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) evaluated the primary implant stability. After 14 and 28 days, the bone samples containing the implants were processed for histological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). No significant differences occurred between the implant bed preparations regarding IT and ISQ (P > 0.05). Histological analysis showed bone remodeling, and bone growth in all samples with no inflammatory infiltrate. BIC values were higher for SCD after 14 and 28 days (p < 0.05), however BAFO values were similar on both groups (p > 0.05). It was possible to conclude that the osseodensification technique allowed a wider implant bed preparation with no prejudice on primary stability and bone remodeling.
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase mediated necroptosis aggravates periodontitis progression
Authors: Yang Yanan , Wang Lingxia , Zhang Haibing , Luo Lijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of cell death that is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the role of Mlkl-involved necroptosis remains unclear. Herein, we aim to explore the role of MLKL-mediated necroptosis in periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. Expression of RIPK3, MLKL, and phosphorylated MLKL is observed in gingival tissues obtained from healthy subjects or patients with periodontitis. Viability of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg)-treated cells was detected. In wild type or Mlkl deficiency mice with ligature-induced periodontitis, alveolar bone loss and osteoclast activation were assessed. mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages were tested by qRT-PCR. Increased expression of RIPK3, MLKL, and phosphorylated MLKL is observed in gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg)-treated cells developed necroptosis after caspase inhibition and negatively regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. In mice with ligature-induced periodontitis, Mlkl deficiency reduced alveolar bone loss and weakened osteoclast activation. Furthermore, genetic ablation of Mlkl in LPS-Pg-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Our data indicated that MLKL-mediated necroptosis aggravates the development of periodontitis in a Mlkl-deficient mouse. And this will provide a new sight for the understanding of etiology and therapies of periodontitis.
Photon Conversion and Interaction on Chip
Authors: chen jiayang , Li Zhan , Ma Zhaohui , Tang Chao , Fan Heng , Sua Yong Meng , Huang Yu-Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The conversion and interaction between quantum signals at a single-photon level are essential for scalable quantum photonic information technology. Using a fully-optimized, periodically-poled lithium niobate microring, we demonstrate ultra-efficient sum-frequency generation on chip. The external quantum efficiency reaches (65±3)% with only (104±4) uW pump power, improving the state-of-the-art by over one order of magnitude. At the peak conversion, 3×10-5 noise photon is created during the cavity lifetime, which meets the requirement of quantum applications using single-photon pulses. Using pump and signal in single-photon coherent states, we directly measure the conversion probability produced by a single pump photon to be 10-5---breaking the record by 100 times---and the photon-photon coupling strength to be 9.1 MHz. Our results mark a new milestone toward quantum nonlinear optics at the ultimate single photon limit, creating new background in highly integrated photonics and quantum optical computing.
Framework to select the top ML classifier for robust seizure detection and prediction: A comparison-based study using multiple preictal time and feature sets
Authors: Borthakur Rajlakshmi , Kumar Amit , Jena Upendra Kumar , Borthakur Dibya Jyoti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a machine learning framework aimed at increasing performance seizure detection systems. Despite the diversity of ML-based available, the methodology to select an optimal classifier or ensemble model for seizure research is not commonly known. Our study is aimed at bridging this gap by showing use of a statistically guided machine learning framework that has delivered reliable on-field performance.
We empirically examined performances of 11 different classification algorithms, with additional 13 variants, executing 300 machine learning models against 6 fixed preictal windows (ranging from 5 minutes to 60 minutes) and 3 different sets of features as part of our study. Using a base of 55 subjects, of which we used 43 subjects to train and validate multiple ensemble models and classifiers, we achieved upto 98.3% F1 score, with 94.8% chance level performance on our data, and a False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0.0156/hr. We applied the top ensembles and classifier variants on 12 completely new subjects, unseen by the models to test their on-field efficacy. One of our models detected all 12 seizures on the unseen data and predicted 11 of them before electrographic onset. Average prediction time of models across all subjects was 31.56 minutes. At an individual level the earliest prediction was recorded at 176 minutes, which is the highest known seizure prediction time recorded in literature. Our analysis showed that a 30 minute window could be the most ideal preictal window for training seizure models.
The significance of our work is that we are reporting the highest F1 score of 98.3% on seizure data so far recorded with sample size of higher than 10. We are able to show high performance of seizure models using wearables data, detecting seizures at par with neurologist verified EEG onset time, and predicting seizures up to 176 minutes before onset, which is significantly higher than previously reported scores. Our work lays important foundations for using wearables for actual monitoring of PWEs in out-of-hospital settings, which might be an important step in ensuring their safety and quality of life.
Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: “The Nestor of the Ukrainian Village”
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Review Essay:
Of Frank E. Sysyn, editor-in-chief. Naukovi pratsi [Scholarly Works]. 2013. Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Zibrani tvory i materialy u tr'okh tomakh [Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Collected Works and Materials in Three Volumes], edited by Frank E. Sysyn et al., vol. 1, Vydavnytstvo “Litopys,” 2013-19. 3 vols. 610 pp. Illustrations. Tables. Map. Indexes. ₴ 290,00, cloth.
Who may use scarce water? An expedition into the normative basis of sustainable decision-making norms for sustainable water use
Authors: Schlattmann Anna , Teschner Na'ama , von Haaren Christina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWater is becoming an increasingly contested resource. Today, the sustainability of water use is assessed with different indicator frameworks that usually refer to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or other norms. Classifying international norms and the subsequent indicators for assessment according to their legitimacy will increase the practical relevance of assessment results. The classification will enable addressees to differentiate between mandatory obligations in water management and additional more ambitious targets for decisions on sustainable water distribution. This study presents 11 standards for sustainable water distribution which have been classified based on legitimacy and specificity. A literature review identified relevant international norms that were subsequently classified. Suggestions for the implementation of the standards and priorities in assessment methods are discussed. Through the new set of standards, assessment results can transparently be communicated to policymakers, NGOs and business and support them to identify their obligations for sustainable water use.
Continuous photocatalytic set-up assisted with nano TiO2 plate for tannery wastewater treatment
Authors: Shahbazi Reza , Pedram Mona Zamani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel photocatalytic continuous system has been proposed for the treatment of tannery waste water, which has high levels of environmental pollutants. The purification process was performed by passing wastewater on a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated surface, which is continuously activated by irradiation of ultraviolet light. To improve the yield of the process, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used as a coagulation agent. The organic and inorganic compounds, as well as the microorganisms in the tannery wastewater media, were degraded through a photocatalytic process. The results revealed that total dissolved solids and total suspended solids contents were significantly decreased from 8,450 and 8,990 mg·L−1 to 4,032 and 4,127 mg·L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand content of the sample was reduced from 370 to 50 mg·L−1 after the addition of 100 mL of FeCl3 and 4 h of treatment. The same results were observed for the elimination of sulfate and chromium ions, which led to a decline in electrical conductivity. This suggests that introducing 100 mL of FeCl3 as the coagulation agent and continuous treatment with photocatalityc set-up could be considered as an effective method for the purification of tannery wastewaters.
INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF RELIABILITY OF ONE-OFF SPACECRAFT
Authors: Kolobov A. Yu. , Dikoun E. V. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. Many space technology products fall into the category of one-off (unique) or are manufactured in small batches of 3 to 5. In accordance with the regulatory documentation, the design and development activities in the space industry must involve quality assurance of products with interval estimation of dependability indicators. However, for one-off unique spacecraft that account for a fair share of the overall space industry product output, acquiring such estimates is associated with the problem of availability of original statistical data. That is due to the high cost of both the spacecraft itself and its testing, which does not allow testing large numbers of samples in the process of spacecraft development. In the context of restricted funding of the space industry, a practice has arisen that involves conduction each planned type of test on a single sample. The test samples have different configurations and versions of components (dimension and mass models, thermal analogues, etc.). In this case, it is impossible to acquire homogeneous statistical data in order to substantiate the compliance with the dependability requirements.Results. The article proposes a method of interval estimation of the probability of no-failure of a one-off spacecraft based on the results of flight tests using a priori information acquired at the stage of pre-delivery and acceptance testing. The authors compare the feasibility of using computational, experimental or computational and experimental methods of spacecraft dependability indicators evaluation. As initial data, electric and radio engineering and thermal vacuum tests results of spacecraft flight model are used. The fact that only the electric and radio engineering tests results are taken into consideration is due to the dependability of spacecraft being primarily defined by the dependability of the electronic equipment. The scope of tests (normally, about 50 for each spacecraft) allows obtaining highly reliable and informative estimates. This method can also be used at the stage of operation in order to evaluate and supervise dependability, e.g. after a year of operation. The correctness of aggregation of the a priori information and the information obtained at the said stage is verified with Fisher’s Z-value.Conclusions. The proposed method allows estimating pointwise values of probability of no-failure of one-off spacecraft, lower confidence bounds and mean-square deviation of the probability of no-failure at the stages of pre-delivery and acceptance testing, flight testing and operation using a priori information. An example is given of interval estimation of probability of no-failure of one-off spacecraft based on the results of flight operations using a priori information obtained at the stages of pre-delivery and acceptance testing.