bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philipp Melanchthons Beziehungen zu Ungarn und Siebenbürgen im Spiegel von Netzwerken und Korrespondenzen
Authors: Mundhenk Christine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For decades, Melanchthon maintained intensive relationships with Hungary. Students from there formed the largest group of foreign students at Wittenberg University. Melanchthon supported them during their studies and kept in touch with some of them after they returned to their home country. Networks were necessary, so that letters and messages reached their recipients. By writing letters of recommendation to others, Melanchthon enabled his students to establish contacts and to build up their own network. At the Coetus Hungaricus existing at Wittenberg University the Hungarian students also made contacts, which were useful to them later. Edited correspondences allow to track down and describe such interlinking. A network of contacts in Hungary can be depicted between Johannes Honterus, Valentin Wagner, Georg Werner, Sigismund Tordai-Gelous, Mátyás Dévai Bíró and Gáspár Heltai. The relations between them as well as the close contact with Melanchthon provided mutual assurance and helped to control the doctrine adopted from Wittenberg.
Das Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum und seine Nachwirkung
Authors: Dingel Irene 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hardly any corpus doctrinae had as intensive a reception and as wide a dissemination as the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum (1560). Situating it in the history of the concept of a corpus doctrinae and briefly sketching its origin and goal elucidate the function and significance of this collection of Melanchthon’s writings. An intensive investigation reveals however any connection of this work with the development of the Reformation in Siebenbürgen (ung. Erdély, rum. Transilvania) in the later 16th century. The records of the Siebenbürgen synods mention the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum occasionally, revealing the extent to which it served as a norm for public teaching. Unique and characteristic for Siebenbürgen is that the Formula of Concord (1577) did not replace this Corpus Doctrinae; it remained influential long into the seventeenth century. It was however interpreted within the horizon of a Wittenberg theology that was marked by the pre-confessional harmony and doctrinal agreement between Luther and Melanchthon while seeking to ignore Philippist interpretations and focusing on the common teachings of both reformers.
Access and Inclusion in Emergency Management Online Education: Challenges Exposed by the COVID-19 Pivot
Authors: Hackerott Caroline S. , Provencio Alyssa L. , Santos-Hernandez Jenniffer M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews the extant literature on the development of online education within the discipline of emergency management and identifies areas exposed by the COVID-19 pivot needing further examination. We suggest utilizing a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning framework to identify best practices for responding to issues of access and inclusion.
Alternating minimization methods for strongly convex optimization
Authors: Tupitsa Nazarii , Dvurechensky Pavel , Gasnikov Alexander , Guminov Sergey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider alternating minimization procedures for convex and non-convex optimization problems with the vector of variables divided into several blocks, each block being amenable for minimization with respect to its variables while maintaining other variables blocks constant. In the case of two blocks, we prove a linear convergence rate for an alternating minimization procedure under the Polyak–Łojasiewicz (PL) condition, which can be seen as a relaxation of the strong convexity assumption. Under the strong convexity assumption in the many-blocks setting, we provide an accelerated alternating minimization procedure with linear convergence rate depending on the square root of the condition number as opposed to just the condition number for the non-accelerated method.
We also consider the problem of finding an approximate non-negative solution to a linear system of equations

A
⁢
x

=
y

{Ax=y}

with alternating minimization of Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence between Ax and y.
Short report: craniosynostosis, a late complication of nutritional rickets
Authors: Forestier-Zhang Lydia Y. , Arundel Paul , Gilbey-Cross Robyn , Mughal Mohammed Zulf , Offiah Amaka C. , Cheung Moira S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nutritional rickets may be a preventable cause of craniosynostosis. This potential association is under-recognised. A late diagnosis of craniosynostosis may result in reduced brain growth, raised intracranial pressure and long-term psychosocial problems.

Case presentation
We present four cases of craniosynostosis associated with nutritional rickets. Those who had delayed presentation underwent emergency craniotomy.

Conclusions
Treatment of nutritional rickets and early identification of craniosynostosis can reduce morbidity in these children.
Childhood obesity as a safeguarding issue: positive experiences with the “new home” environment as a treatment for weight management
Authors: Cramer Rebecca J. , Augustus Rhian , Shield Julian P. H. , Giri Dinesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood obesity can lead to acute and chronic comorbidities and adult obesity, highlighting the need for prompt intervention. Families and caregivers play a vital role in treatment and when primary interventions fail, this may become a child protection issue.

Case presentation
We present two cases of severe childhood obesity where targeted lifestyle interventions failed to impact weight status. Both cases feature child welfare involvement with patients coming into the care of the local authority (under s20 of the Children Act 1989). Foster placement resulted in significant weight loss and improved BMI achieved through reduced portions, healthier choices, restricted calories to recommended daily intake for age and increased activity. Physical and emotional wellbeing benefits were observed and improvements in obesity related comorbidities.

Conclusions
Failure to reduce a child’s weight alone does not constitute a child protection issue. In severe cases, where maximum intervention has failed and when the child has obesity related comorbidites or at a higher risk of developing them, home environment change should be considered in the child’s best interest as a treatment for severe childhood obesity.
Property Rights with Respect to Modern Money: A Libertarian Justification
Authors: Ackermans Lennart B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe traditional Lockean justification of property rights has been argued to be no longer valid in a world in which much wealth does not derive from acquisitions of natural resources, and in which much property, such as money, is intangible. This means that libertarians need to reconsider whether and why property rights are justified for objects that fall outside of the scope of the Lockean justification. This paper gives a justification of property rights in relation to modern money, which uses the self-ownership principle as its central premise. Since modern money is a form of credit, I start with a justification of credit property rights. I then consider both money under gold convertibility and present-day fiat systems, showing that the justification of credit property rights remains valid under these conditions.
Kriminalität der Armen – Kriminalisierung von Armut?
Authors: Neubacher Frank , Bögelein Nicole 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEinem etwaigen Zusammenhang von Armut und Kriminalität kann man vor dem Hintergrund eines ätiologischen Paradigmas nachgehen und untersuchen, ob und inwiefern Armut Kriminalität »verursacht«. In der Tradition der herrschaftskritischen Kriminologie kann man mit dem etikettierungstheoretischen Paradigma aber auch danach fragen, wo und wie Arme durch die Instanzen sozialer Kontrolle diskriminiert bzw. kriminalisiert werden. Und man kann – drittens – beide Perspektiven einnehmen und für relevant erachten. Das ist die Position, die diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegt und dessen Ziel es ist, den jeweiligen Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand zu bilanzieren. Dazu gehört auch, dass wir zwischen dem Risiko der Straffälligkeit und dem Risiko der Bestrafung unterscheiden. Für all das bedarf es zunächst einer Klärung der Begriffe von »Armut« und »Kriminalität«, die den theoretischen Ausführungen und der Darlegung des Forschungsstandes vorangestellt wird. In einem zweiten Hauptteil widmen wir uns dann am Beispiel von Deutschland konkret der Frage einer möglichen Kriminalisierung bzw. Diskriminierung von Armen durch Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung und Rechtsanwendung. Besonders befassen wir uns mit dem Problem der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe und zeigen auf, dass diese Art der ersatzweisen Geldstrafenvollstreckung vor allem sozial Benachteiligte trifft.
Deconstructing neoliberalism through critical reflection, participatory and emancipatory action research in second language learning and teaching
Authors: Ordem Eser 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to motivate researchers, teachers and learners to utilize critical social research methodology in the field of second language learning and teaching in which neoliberalism and neocolonialism have been profoundly embedded and overwhelmingly dominant. Therefore, critical reflection (CR), participatory action (PAR) and emancipatory action research (EAR) have been contextualized in the setting of English as a new language (ENL) in Turkey. It has been emphasized that socio-political issues that are excluded from ENL curriculum and settings can be included through critical social research that aims to oppose, deconstruct and reverse the widely accepted neoliberal policies. The firmly established hegemony, ideology and economic structure of neoliberalism in ENL can be resisted by changing the method of research methodology into a more transformative, revolutionary, radical and emancipatory mode of research. An example of how this kind of participatory and emancipatory action research could be carried out in Turkey was presented and suggested. In addition, the importance of linguistic human rights as a social and linguistic change has been emphasized.
Promoting divergent leadership philosophies to improve student success outcomes for black and brown students in higher education
Authors: Petty Nicholas , King-White Dakota , Banks Tachelle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Throughout the United States there are millions of Black and Brown students starting the process of attending college. However, research indicates that students from traditionally marginalized groups are less likely than their counterparts to complete the process and graduate college (Shapiro et al., 2017). While retention rates for students from traditionally marginalized backgrounds continue to decline, universities are beginning to pay attention to the needs of this population in search of ways of better supporting them. The examination of these factors may also inform programmatic adjustments, leadership philosophies, and future practices to help retain students and lead to eventual completion of a baccalaureate degree. In this article, the authors review the literature to explore factors that can affect Black and Brown students’ completion rates in higher education. By reviewing the literature and the factors impacting Black and Brown students, the authors share with readers initiatives at one university that are being used to support students from a strengths-based approach.
Encroachment and Reaction of Civil Society in Non-liberal Democracies: The Case of Israel and the New Israel Fund
Authors: Katz Hagai , Gidron Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent decades have seen a major political shift in many nations, manifested in democratic regression, rise of populist non-liberal democracies, resurgence of extreme right, infractions against democratic watchdogs, and increasing nationalism and unilateralism. A central manifestation of this process is the active encroachment by governments on civil society, and particularly on its liberal elements. These manifestations allegedly emanate from resistance to the liberal world order and to threats from pressures imported by national NGOs, and are made possible by changing political opportunity structures. We explore the case of Israel, through an analysis of the New Israel Fund (NIF), as a particular yet demonstrative example of these dynamics. The manifestations of civil society encroachment in Israel include concerted and coordinated actions meant to weaken and delegitimize left-wing civil society actors and their supporters and donors, by Israel’s right-wing governments and their NGO allies, through legislation and rhetorical assaults; attempts to curb international funding of human rights organizations; and differential treatment of civil society organizations according to political stance. Interviews with former and current leaders of the NIF show that the attacks have galvanized liberal civil society actors to counteract, and drove them from passive response to active and strategic engagement, professionalization of media work and program evaluation, adjustment of public relations and legal strategies, and even adjustment of programmatic choice, shifting focus to supporting the infrastructure of civil society and democracy. The discussion stresses pressures by international illiberal forces, alongside the backlash to liberal world society, as causes for encroachment, and highlights the less explored reactions of civil society actors to such encroachment.
Melite Civitas Romana in 3D: Virtualization Project of the Archaeological Park and Museum of the Domus Romana of Rabat, Malta
Authors: Tanasi Davide , Hassam Stephan , Kingsland Kaitlyn , Trapani Paolo , King Matthew , Calì Denise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The archaeological site of the Domus Romana in Rabat, Malta was excavated almost 100 years ago yielding artefacts from the various phases of the site. The Melite Civitas Romana project was designed to investigate the domus, which may have been the home of a Roman Senator, and its many phases of use. Pending planned archaeological excavations designed to investigate the various phases of the site, a team from the Institute for Digital Exploration from the University of South Florida carried out a digitization campaign in the summer of 2019 using terrestrial laser scanning and aerial digital photogrammetry to document the current state of the site to provide a baseline of documentation and plan the coming excavations. In parallel, structured light scanning and photogrammetry were used to digitize 128 artefacts in the museum of the Domus Romana to aid in off-site research and create a virtual museum platform for global dissemination.
Microscopic Re-Examination of an Unique Bone Artefact: The Figure of a Theatrical Actor Found at The Roman Fort Iža/Leányvár (Slovakia)
Authors: David Éva , Hrnčiarik Erik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 1955, a figure, representing a comic actor, was discovered on a spoil heal in the Roman Fort of Iža. It is a unique find without close parallels in the whole of the Roman Empire, making it difficult to determine from which object it was derived or what was its function. The results of new research are presented here and demonstrate the object is a fragment of a luxury, figural knife handle made from bone rather than ivory. It was probably produced in a provincial workshop under a Mediterranean influence where similar figures, though from different materials, occur throughout the second century.
The Perseverance of Archaeology: New Data from a Rescue Investigation at Triq Fejġel in Rabat and its Contribution to the Punic and Roman Maltese Funerary Context
Authors: Borda Kevin , Mercieca-Spiteri Bernardette , Spadaro Paolo , Veca Carlo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Maltese funerary context during the Punic and Roman times is documented from discoveries and archaeological reports primarily from the twentieth century. Notwithstanding, documentation standards in the first half of the last century were such as to provide limited archaeological data to properly understand the context, phasing and ritual. The combination of robust policy-driven archaeological monitoring procedures together with a scientific excavation of reported discoveries is essential to provide fresh archaeological data which must necessarily be published within adequate time frames. This will by no small means contribute to the formulation of a proper national research agenda by identifying lacunae as well as giving rise to new research questions. This study draws attention to the survival of archaeology seen as limited stratigraphic contexts that have persevered through the centuries and the continuous exploitation of the site. It is a case study of the application of a stratigraphic scientific approach to a recent archaeological discovery during archaeological monitoring, providing ample data with regard to funerary reuse and associated practices and rituals together with an in-depth osteological observation of skeletal remains therein discovered.
Socio-cultural developments of women in science
Authors: Mamlok-Naaman Rachel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWomen have not been represented enough in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines in most countries around the world, despite their advancements in these areas. Unfortunately, they continue to represent only a small proportion of faculty members in science and technology fields, especially at more prestigious research institutions. Women still need to cope with discrimination, with an unconscious bias, as well as with family demands. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, fewer than 30 % researchers from all over the world are women. Analysis of “A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing, and Natural Sciences, How to measure it? How to reduce it?”survey advanced our understanding of this phenomenon and identified various factors that cause it.The recommendations address a variety of groups: instructors and parents of girls in primary, secondary, and higher education, educational organizations, scientific unions. and other worldwide organizations. This paper will describe the situation of women scientists in Israel, with examples of chemistry women in the academia.
Biodeinking: an eco-friendly alternative for chemicals based recycled fiber processing
Authors: Kumar Varun , Pathak Puneet , Harsh Nirmal Sudhir Kumar , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recycling of recovered paper is an inevitable process for saving resources and the environment. Due to strict forest conservation regulations and limitations of the agro-forestry sector, the paper industry is facing the woody fiber crisis for decades. The recycling of waste paper for its utilization as a source of cellulosic fibers for papermaking is a resource-saving and eco-friendly approach and is a need of time. Deinking is an important stage in the recycling of recovered paper. In the conventional deinking process, chemicals have been used for removal of inks and other impurities from waste paper pulp slurry with some certain drawbacks like deinking inefficiency, fiber damage and generation of chemicals and fiber-rich effluent. The application of enzymes for deinking purposes is known as biodeinking and is considered as the potent and environmentally friendly deinking approach. The present write-up provides comprehensive information on various aspects of biodeinking.
Supply chain optimization framework for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage in Germany
Authors: Nguyen Tuan B. H. , Leonzio Grazia , Zondervan Edwin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) supply chain network with real geographic locations of sources and sinks, and different CO2-based products for Germany is proposed here for the first time, because not yet investigated in the literature. The CCUS network is a large-scale comprehensive model which is used to meet the mandated target of CO2 emission reduction at different levels with a maximum profit. The novel CCUS infrastructure includes various stationary sources, capture processes, transportation modes, and sequestration and utilization sites. The results suggest that it is possible to reduce current CO2 emissions by 40–80% in Germany with the total annual costs ranging from 519.34 to 1372.03 billion euro while generating 681.55 to 1880.98 billion euro of revenue annually as a result of producing CO2-based chemical products including methanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, acetic acid, urea, and polypropylene carbonate. Overall, the optimal CCUS systems achieve economic profits of 999.62–1568.17 euro per ton of CO2 captured and utilized. The CCUS model may be critical in aiding decision-makers to ascertain investment strategies for designing CCUS infrastructures.
Cellulose-based polymers
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hao Yaya , Zhang Xin , He Xinyu , Zhang Chaoqun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The presented chapter deals with structure, morphology, and properties aspects concerning cellulose-based polymers in both research and industrial production, such as cellulose fibers, cellulose membranes, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose, etc. The idea was to highlight the main cellulose-based polymers and cellulose derivatives, as well as the dissolution technologies in processing cellulose-based products. The structure and properties of cellulose are introduced briefly. The main attention has been paid to swelling and dissolution of cellulose in order to yield various kinds of cellulose derivatives through polymerization. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. Finally, the environmental friendly and green cellulose-based polymers will be evaluated as one of the multifunctional and smart materials with significant progress.
Poly(glycerol sebacate) – a revolutionary biopolymer
Authors: Jaafar Israd H. , Jedlicka Sabrina S. , Coulter John P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Novel materials possessing physical, mechanical, and chemical properties similar to those found in vivo provide a potential platform for building artificial microenvironments for tissue engineering applications. Poly(glycerol sebacate) is one such material. It has tunable mechanical properties within the range of common tissue, and favorable cell response without surface modification with adhesive ligands, and biodegradability. In this chapter, an overview of the material is presented, focusing on synthesis, characterization, microfabrication, use as a substrate in in vitro mammalian cell culture, and degradation characteristics.
Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions
Authors: Zhou Xing , Zhang Xin , Mengyuan Pu , He Xinyu , Zhang Chaoqun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the advances of green chemistry and nanoscience, the synthesis of green, homogenous bio-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions with high performance have gained great attention. The presented chapter deals with the recent synthesis of waterborne polyurethane with the biomass, especially the vegetable oils including castor oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, jatropha oil, and palm oil, etc. Meanwhile, the other biomasses, such as cellulose, starch, lignin, chitosan, etc., have also been illustrated with the significant application in preparing polyurethane dispersions. The idea was to highlight the main vegetable oil-based polyols, and the isocyanate, diols as chain extenders, which have supplied a class of raw materials in WPU. The conversion of biomasses into active chemical agents, which can be used in synthesis of WPU, has been discussed in detail. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. It is suggested that the epoxide ring opening method is still the main route to transform vegetable oils to polyols. Furthermore, the nonisocyanate WPU may be one of the main trends for development of WPU using biomasses, especially the abundant vegetable oils.