bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of Artesunate Resistance in Plasmodium Falciparum 3D7 Strain Using Intermittent Exposure Method and Comparing P.fk13 Sequence between Susceptible and Resistant Strains
Authors: Barati Sahar , Haghi Afsaneh Motevalli , Nateghpour Mehdi , Zamani Zahra , Khodaveisi Sadegh , Etemadi Soudabeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a major health issues in a number of countries in the world, especially tropical countries. Over the past 50 years, the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum has expanded against the antimalarial drugs that had been used to treat the disease. Recently resistance to some derivatives of artemisinin and the failure of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has threatened all major achievements in malaria control. Resistant strains are limited around the world, but it may spread very soon, hence the necessary to be prepared for any event regarding this matter, it is needed to organize more investigations about resistant strains and related genes. Preparation of a new resistant strain in the laboratory can provide opportunity to predict genes responsible for resistance. The aim of this study was to induce resistance to artesunate in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain using intermittent exposure method and comparing P.fk13 gene sequence between susceptible and resistance strains.Methods: Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain was cultured according to Trager & Jensen method with some modifications. Serial concentrations between 10-2 mol/l, to 10-7mol/l were prepared, then P.falciparum 3D7 was exposed to each of the dilution to determine IC50 and lethal dose. After 24 hours exposure the rate of parasitemia and mean of growth inhibitory percent were evaluated. Sensitivity reduction process was started from the concentration of 10-7mol/l and ended at 10-2mol/l. Exposed parasites were collected after at least 27 days after cultivation in each drug concentration. DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing process were performed to investigate any possible mutations in the pfk13 gene sequence.Results: Effectiveness of 10-2mol/l concentration of artemisinin was found as a lethal dose. The resistant strain was provided in the lab, sequenced and registered in the gene bank as P.f Art -2, (accession number MH796123. 1). Alignment of this registered sample showed no mutation in P.f kelch13 gene in comparison with standard strain submitted in the Genebank. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that resistance to artesunate in malaria parasite may occur but with no mutation in the P.f kelch13 gene. Therefore, whole genome sequencing should be applied to determine mutations in resistant strains.
Inflammation Related circRNAs Polymorphism and Ischemic Stroke Prognosis
Authors: liu xu , wang qianwen , zhao jingjing , chang hongtao , zhu ruixia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background CircRNAs belong to a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are generated by exons of genes by alternative mRNA splicing and involved in pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke by regulating neuroinflammation. Method A total of 982 patients were enrolled in our study for stroke recovery analysis. The aim of our study was to first explore the association between the inflammation related circRNA polymorphism and functional outcome 3 months after ischemic stroke by using multivariate logistic regression model. Next, we further investigated the role of circRNA polymorphism in predicting stroke recurrence by using cox proportional hazards regression model. Five circRNA polymorphisms were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and ligation detection reaction method.Results We identified circ-STAT3(signal transducer and activator of transcription) rs2293152 GG genotype to be associated with poorer recovery 90 days after stroke (OR=1.452; 95%CI:1.165-4.362, p=0.016). After adjusting for confound factors, the association for rs2293152 with 3 months outcome after IS was stronger, suggesting a mechanism that rs2293152 is an independent risk factor for stroke recovery (OR=2.255; 95%CI:1.034-2.038, p=0.031). However, no other circRNA polymorphisms (rs41274714, rs10870141, rs10485505, rs4911154) was associated with functional outcome 3 months after stroke in any genetic models. Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effect of rs2293152 GG genotype was greater in female and older patients, subjects with history of hypertension. Additionally, all the circRNA polymorphisms were not correlated with recurrent risk of ischemic stroke. Conclusion Our results indicated that circ-STAT3 might be a novel biomarker for predicting functional outcome after stroke and an important contributor to the ischemic stroke recovery.
Eight-hour Time-restricted Feeding Improves Endocrine and Metabolic Profiles in Women With Anovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Li Chunzhu , Xing Chuan , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhao Han , Shi Wenjing , He Bing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, which is beneficial for weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine and metabolic diseases affecting women of childbearing age. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. While limited data are available on the effects of TRF in PCOS. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of TRF in women with anovulatory PCOS.Methods: Eighteen women aged between 18 and 31 with anovulation of PCOS participated in a 6-week trial and were divided into two consecutive periods: (1) 1-week baseline period; and (2) 5-week TRF period. Fifteen participants completed the study. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat area (VFA), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (AUCInsulin), area under the curve (AUC) for glucose (AUCGlucose), AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose Ratio, lipids, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), menstrual cycle and eating behaviors were evaluated.Results: Significant changes in body weight, BMI, BFM, BF%, VFA, TT, SHBG, FAI, FINS, HOMA-IR, AUCInsulin, AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose Ratio, ALT, hsCRP and IGF-1 were found after the TRF period. An improvement in menstrual cycle irregularity was detected in 73.3% (11/15) patients. Conclusion: The diet of TRF may be beneficial to anovulatory PCOS on weight loss (especially reducing body fat), improving menstruation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and inflammation.Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04580433, registrered October 8, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04580433
Maternal Undernutrition Alters The Skeletal Muscle Development and Methylation of Myogenic Factors in Progeny: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Xiaoling , Yan Qiongxian , Liu Liling , Chen Genyuan , Tang Shaoxun , He Zhixiong , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Maternal malnutrition alters protein synthesis and muscle development in offspring. Epigenetic modification is one of the mechanisms involved in this developmental programming. However, the role of the methylation of myogenic factors remains unclear. Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 0.3 and 0.7 gestation (G). Descendants were harvested at 0.7 G and at 91 days after birth to analyze the fiber area and fiber type of femoris muscle and to examine the effects on the mTOR signal pathway and methylation of the promoter regions of myogenic factors. Maternal undernutrition increased the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses (P < 0.05). Undernutrition enhanced (P < 0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in the vastus muscle of fetuses and semitendinosus (ST) muscle of kids, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers were decreased (P < 0.01) in the restricted fetuses and kids. The mRNA expression levels of EYA1 and MYOZ2 in the restricted fetuses were downregulated (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in the restricted kids (P > 0.05). The percentage of DNA methylation at the + 530 CpG site of the MYF5 gene in the restricted fetuses was increased (P < 0.05), but the methylation percentages of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the MYOD gene at the +252 CpG site in the restricted kids were reduced (P < 0.05). The mTOR protein signals were downregulated (P < 0.05) in the restricted fetuses and kids. These results indicated that maternal undernutrition altered the fiber type of femoris muscle in offspring, but its relationship with the methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be further studied.
Association of Triglyceride-glucose Index with Intra- and Extra-cranial Arterial Stenosis: A Combined Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Wang Anxin , Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Xiaoli , Guo Jiahuan , Wu Shouling , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been suggested to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of the TyG index on intra- and extra-cranial artery stenosis (ICAS and ECAS). This study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the TyG index with ICAS and ECAS in Chinese adults.Methods: Participants were recruited from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study, 5,381 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional analysis, and then 3,447 and 1,853 participants were enrolled in the longitudinal analysis for incident ICAS and ECAS, respectively. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess the association of the TyG index with the outcomes by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were basically the same, as the fully adjusted OR comparing participants in the highest tertile versus lowest tertile of the TyG index was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.13-1.59) for prevalence of ECAS and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.26-2.71) for incident ECAS, respectively. The addition of TyG index to a conventional model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for ECAS, the integrated discrimination improvement and category-free net reclassification was 0.20% (P=0.0011) and 9.14% (P=0.0008) in the cross-section analysis, 0.30% (P=0.0315) and 20.03% (P=0.0042) in the longitudinal analysis. However, we did not observed any significant association between the TyG index and ICAS. Conclusions: Elevated TyG index was significantly associated with a higher risk of ECAS, but not with ICAS in Chinese adults. This conclusion lends support to the clinical significant for the TyG index for the assessment of artery stenosis, especially for ECAS.
Prognostic Value of MUC1 and its Correlation with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xi Xiaomin , You Yilin , Huang Weidong , zhan jicheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers, and plays a crucial role in cancer progression, especially in breast cancer. It is also an essential regulator for immune functionality, but the mechanisms whereby it effects immune infiltration in breast cancer remain uncertain. Methods: In this research, MUC1 expression was analyzed by the Oncomine and TIMER database. The association between MUC1 and prognosis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The correlations of MUC1 with immune infiltration and immunological markers were assessed by TIMER database. Results: We found that MUC1 expression was significantly correlated with outcomes in multiple cancers, with the effect being particularly pronounced in breast cancer. Pathologically, elevated MUC1 expression was related with worse prognosis depending on intrinsic subtypes, ER status, patient stage, lymph node and TP53 mutation status in breast cancer. Specifically, low level of MUC1 seemed to be more favorable to luminal B patients with systemic treatment. MUC1 expression had significant negative correlations with inﬁltrating levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in breast cancer. Besides, MUC1 displayed strong regulations on macrophage polarization and diverse immunological gene markers. The patients with lower MUC1 and deeper immune infiltration predicted better prognosis. Conclusions: MUC1 is significantly associated with clinical prognosis and potentially plays an essential role in modulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer cells (NK cells) and DCs in breast tumors. Collectively, MUC1 could be served as a valuable biomarker of predicting prognosis and immune inﬁltration for breast cancer patients.
Epidemiological and Molecular Profile of Blood Donors Infected with HTLV-1/2 in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil
Authors: Maneschy Carolina de Alcântara , Barile Katarine Antonia dos Santos , Castro Jairo Augusto Américo de , Palmeira Maurício Koury , Castro Renata Bezerra Hermes de , Amaral Carlos Eduardo de Melo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) is a retrovirus of the genus Deltaretrovirus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae. The most important types are HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. It is estimated that between five and 10 million individuals are infected with HTLV-1, worldwide. Studies in the state of Pará indicate that it has the third highest prevalence of HTLV infections of any Brazilian state. The present study describes the epidemiological, serological, and molecular profile of blood donors from the state of Pará, that were classified as unfit due to infection by HTLV-1 and 2. Methods: The present study is based on a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional review of the epidemiological, serological, and molecular data on blood donations, between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were obtained from the blood bank system and were digitalized to form a database in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program, version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the absolute and relative frequencies of the qualitative variables. For the quantitative variables, the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values were calculated. A p < 0.05 significance level was adopted for all analyse. Results: A total of 632 samples were analyzed. The HTLV proviral DNA was detected primarily in females (69.1%), with a mean age of 40 years, with the highest frequencies of detection being recorded in single individuals (66.2%), first-time donors (74.3%), and individuals that had graduated high school (44.1%). The molecular confirmation of HTLV showed that three-quarters (78%) of the serologically reactive individuals were negative for either types 1 or 2, so the epidemiological profile of these individuals was significantly different from their detectable profile. Conclusions: The HTLV is neglected in Brazil, there is thus a clear need for further research in the area of regional hemotherapy and hematology services, in order to contribute to the definition of regional infection profiles, that will be fundamental to the development of effective prophylactic practises for the prevention of the infection and the dissemination of knowledge on the dangers of HTLV in the community.
Effects of gaseous environments on physicochemical properties of thermally exfoliated graphene oxides for hydrogen storage: A comparative study
Authors: Singh Sohan Bir , De Mahuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study compared the effect of different gaseous environments on physicochemical properties and subsequent hydrogen storage ability of thermally exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO). The reducing, inert or oxidizing environments were generated using hydrogen, argon or air as the carrier gas, respectively. The structure of thermally exfoliated graphene oxide depended on the type of gaseous environment. The EGO prepared in presence of Air showed the fluffiest layered structure having highest surface area. The surface area order was EGO(Air) (268 m2/g) > EGO(H2) (248 m2/g) > EGO(Ar) (155 m2/g). The average pore sizes of EGO(Air) and EGO(H2) were 2.9 and 2.8 nm, with pore volumes of 1.2 and 1.6 cm3/g, respectively. The average pore size for EGO(Ar) was highest at 4.1 nm, associated with presence of larger void space and lowest total pore volume of 1.0 cm3/g. Thus, presence of oxidative or reducing atmosphere seemed to be more conducive to exfoliation of layers by gradual removal of functional groups. The inert atmosphere of argon caused severe thermal separation of layers and functional groups, adversely affecting the layered structure as observed. The EGO(Air) also showed highest O/C ratio suggesting presence of significant amount of oxygen–containing functional groups on the surface. The hydrogen uptake order at 77 K and 30 bar was: EGO (Air) 3.34 wt.% > EGO (H2) 3.12 wt.% > EGO (Ar) 2.2 wt.%. The highest uptake of EGO(Air) might have resulted from highest surface area, highest O/C ratio and presence of considerable pore volume.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Fosfomycin, Rifampin, Vancomycin, Daptomycin Alone and in Combination Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Authors: Yu Wei , Jiang Yiheng , Xu Hao , Zhang Li , Jin Xuehang , Ying Shuaibin , Qiu Yunqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVESThe emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) is shortening the choices for clinical anti-infective therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of vancomycin resistance and evaluate the effect of fosfomycin (FM), rifampin (RIF), vancomycin (VAN), linezolid (LNZ), daptomycin (DAP) alone or in combination against VRE.METHODSEight VRE isolates were collected. A total of 18 antibiotics susceptibility tests were further done for VRE. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The effect of FM, RIF, VNA, LNZ, DAP alone or in combination was determined using anti-biofilm testing and the time-kill assay.RESULTSAll isolates were susceptible to LNZ and DPA. The high-level resistance determinant of VAN in these strains was due to VanA-type cassette. MLST revealed two different STs for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREm) and four different STs for vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VREs). Virulence genes in VREs were more than VREm, especially for 4942 isolated from blood. Gene acm and uppS were only identified in VREm, while virulence genes related to cytolysin were only found in E. faecalis. Further in vitro anti-biofilm testing and time-kill assay found FM (83 mg/L) combined with DAP (20.6 mg/L) and DAP monotherapy (47.1 mg/L) showed bactericidal effect against 8 tested VRE strains at 24h. CONCLUSIONSThe high-level resistance determinant of VAN in these strains was due to VanA-type cassette. FM combined with DAP might be greater potential therapeutic option against VRE.
Discharge and Sediment Transport in a River Basin. Assessment Before and After the Construction of a Dam at the Upper Basin Boundary
Authors: Paschalidis George , IIordanidis Ilias , Anagnostopoulos Petros 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of runoff and sediment transport in the basin of the Nestos River (Northern Greece) downstream of the dam of Platanovrisi, constructed in 1998. The model used for the simulation was AGNPS, which is based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), combined with a GIS interface. Two different simulations were conducted, one for the years 1980-1990 and another for the period 2006-2030, before and after the construction of the dam respectively. For the simulation for the period 1980-1990 existing meteorological data were employed, and the results were in good agreement with those of a different study (Hrissanthou, 2002). The simulation for the period 2006-2030 was based on rainfall and climatic data generated from the software packages GlimClim and ClimGen. The mean runoff was by 5% lower and the mean annual sediment yield by 20% lower than the corresponding values for the period 1980-1990.
Early Risk Prediction of BCR-ABL Kinase Domain Acquired Mutations in Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Chen Rongrong , Wang Lulu , Shi Ting , Zhu Lixia , Ye Xiujin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) resistance is a predominant cause of therapy failure of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). The mutation in the BCR-ABL kinase domain, as the indicator of drug resistance, suggested recurrence and poor prognosis. Our data aimed to evaluate the factors having significant roles in the prognostic value of the acquired BCR-ABL mutations. Three hundred and thirteen Ph+ ALL patients (64 patients with BCR-ABL mutations and 171 patients without BCR-ABL mutations) were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between clinical features and BCR-ABL KD mutation. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with higher WBC (P=0.005), MMR after first induced chemotherapy (P=0.053), and Age≥45 years (P=0.072) were more likely to occur BCR-ABL mutations during the treatments. Finally, multivariable logistic regression indicated that higher WBC (≥22×109/L) was an independent risk of resistance to TKI and raise the possibility of KD mutations in Ph+ ALL patients. The happen of BCR-ABL mutations mean poor prognosis with shorter OS (P=0.000) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) would improve the long-term survival (OS: P=0.000). Conversely, for the defined low-risk populations, no significant difference was found between the transplant group and the non-transplant group in subgroup analysis, providing a rationale to potentially avoid allo-HSCT in this subgroup of patients.
Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Enigmatic Ghost Lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera: Nematocera)
Authors: Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Nel André , Szwedo Jacek , Jordan-Stasiło Wiktoria , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here We clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.