bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pineapple Juice for Uterine Fundal Height Reduction in Postpartum Mothers
Authors: Mulyadi Jesica , Andriani Lusi , Andriani Lusi , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Rachmawati Rachmawati 
Published: October 2021

Background: Uterine subinvolution occurs because the uterus cannot contract properly, causing bleeding, leading to death. Pineapple fruit is one of the herbal plants that can prevent uterine subinvolution and accelerate uterine involution. This study aimed to determine pineapple's effect on the reduction of uterine fundal height in postpartum mothers in Bengkulu City.
Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment. This study was conducted in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu, and using maternal postpartum injected oxytocin in the manage­ment stage III with one intervention group, namely the given juice pineapple. The sample used as many as 32 mothers postpartum in Bengkulu were taken by purposive sampling, by predetermined criteria. The dependent variable was uterine fundal height. The independent variables were pineapples juice, age, parity, early mobilization, and early initiation of breastfeeding. Data collection was carried out by the means of the direct interview using a questionnaire and observation sheet. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.
Results: The bivariate analysis test results using the independent t-test showed that the group that consumed pineapples experienced a decrease in uterine fundal height for three days more than the control group. Pineapples juice (Mean= 2.55; SD= 1.66), without pineapples juice (Mean= 8.39; SD= 1.48; p <0.001). Age for interventions group, (Mean= 33.19; SD= 7.57) and control group (Mean= 27.56; SD= 8.45; p= 0.057). Parity for interventions group, (Mean= 2.38; SD= 1.45) and control group, (Mean= 2.12; SD= 1.31), p= 0.613. Early mobili­zation for interventions group, (Mean= 0.84; SD= 0.37) and control group, (Mean= 1.26; SD= 0.58), p= 0.022. Early initiation of breast­feeding for interventions group, (Mean= 16.44; SD= 6.64) and control group, (Mean= 16.38; SD= 5.69), p= 0.978.
Conclusion: Pineapple juice and early mobili­zation affect lowering a uterine fundal height in mothers postpartum three days and can help speed up uterine involution in post­partum mother in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu.
The Impact of the Flexner Report on Sectarian Medical Schools
Authors: Clark Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Alternative medicine was a common form of medical practice in the 19th century. Yet, by the mid-20th century, homeopathic and eclectic medical schools became nearly nonexistent. Many historians point to Abraham Flexner’s report Medical Education in the United States and Canada Bulletin Number Four, commonly referred to as the Flexner Report, as a key reason for the decline of homeopathic and eclectic medical schools. In his report, Flexner blatantly criticizes sectarian medical philosophy and discredits nearly all homeopathic and eclectic medical school. Although numerous historians have investigated how the Flexner report initiated governmental reforms of medical education which thereby contributed to the dissolution of numerous homeopathic and eclectic medical schools, the impact of the Flexner Report on the public perception of alternative medicine has been largely neglected.
This study examines newspaper articles published during that period and the records of alternative medical schools to provide insight into how the Flexner Report impacted public perception of alternative medicine and thus contributed to the decline in homeopathic and eclectic medical schools. This study reveals that the media widely portrayed Flexner, and thus the information in his report, as a reliable and unbiased source despite Flexner’s strongly influenced educational philosophy and his close cooperation with the AMA which favoured allopathic medical schools. As financial records of homeopathic and eclectic medical schools reveal, the public’s acceptance of Flexner’s perspective led to a decline in public funding and enrolment at these institutions, thereby leading to the closure of numerous homeopathic and eclectic medical schools. However, since many of these institutions were suffering financially prior to 1910, the impact of the Flexner Report should not be over-stressed. Therefore, taking into consideration the historical context, the Flexner Report played a key role in hastening the pre-existing decline in homeopathic and eclectic medical schools.
Green Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles using Fruit Peels of Citrus Paradise for Remediation of Congo Red Dye
Authors: Kiran Shumaila , Rafique Muhammad Asim , Ashraf Asma , Farooq Tahir , Iqbal Sarosh , Afzal Gulnaz , Ajmal Saba , Naz Saba 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Biosorption is a cost-effective excellent tool for removing problematic dyes. The present work was focused on the utilization of Citrus paradise (grapefruit) peels aqueous extract for synthesis of nickel nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by SEM and were used for the remediation of congo red direct dye. The decolorization of Congo Red direct dye was measured using UV/Visible spectrophotometer following the optimization of experimental factors. Maximum decolorization was observed at a dye concentration of 0.02 %, pH 6, at 50 °C temperature, and catalyst dose was 0.01 g/L. TOC and COD values were found to be 79.89 % and 78.23 %. Agriculrural waste could be used for the remediation of other synthetic dyes as well; hence helps in cleaning our natural environment.

Resumen. La biosorción es una excelente herramienta rentable para eliminar colorantes problemáticos. El presente trabajo se centró en la utilización del extracto de cáscaras de Citrus paradise (pomelo) para la síntesis de nanopartículas de níquel. Las nanopartículas preparadas se caracterizaron por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y se utilizaron para la remediación del colorante directo rojo de Congo. La decoloración del colorante directo Rojo Congo se midió mediante espectrometría siguiendo la optimización de factores experimentales. Se observó una decoloración máxima a una concentración de colorante de 0.02 %, pH 6, y una temperatura de 50 °C; la dosis del catalizador fue de 0.01 g/L. Se determinó que los valores de TOC y DQO eran 79.89 % y 78.23 %, respectivamente. Los residuos agrícolas también podrían utilizarse para la remediación de otros tintes sintéticos y con ello ayudar a limpiar nuestro entorno natural.
رمزية الألوان ومفهوم الهوية الوطنية في قصائد رومانسية الغجر للشاعر الاسباني فيديريكو غارثيا لوركا
Authors: قاسم محمد هلال سليم ا. م. د. 
Published: October 2021

ناقشنا في هذا البحث العديد من المعاني الخفية وراء الألوان التي استخدمها لوركا في القصائد الغجرية ، ذلك من خلال تسليط الضوء على رمزية ودلالات تلك المرادفات والكلمات التي تعكس بشكل عام خصائص الهوية الوطنية الإسبانية ، والأندلسية بشكل خاص، حيث مثلت تلك القصائد المرآة التي تعكس ملامح الموروث الثقافي الشعبي المتجذر في الذاكرة الجمعية للمجتمع الاندلسي ، كونها جسدت نوعا من المحاكاة لتاريخ وجغرافية ذلك الاقليم ولا سيما موروثه ومفاهيمه الدينية المتمثلة في الكنيسة الكاثوليكية وتفسيرها للكتاب المقدس.
المرجعية الدينية للأشكال المنفذة على الخزف الإسلامي المملوكي (دراسة في الدلالات الرمزية)
Authors: وعــــد محمد حسوني العبيدي م. د. 
Published: October 2021

ضم البحث الحالي الموسوم (المرجعية الدينية للأشكال المنفذة على الخزف المملوكي, دراسة في الدلالات الرمزية) أربعة فصول، خصص الفصل الأول منها لبيان مشكلة البحث والتي تم عرضها وتلخيصها في إمكانية الإجابة على السؤال الاتي:

هل هنالك دلالات رمزية في الاشكال المنفذة على الخزف المملوكي؟

كما تضمن الفصل الأول الإشارة إلى أهمية البحث والحاجه إليه وكما يلي:

تكوين قاعدة معرفية عن الدلالات الرمزية المنفذة على الخزف المملوكي.
تفيد هذه الدراسة طلبة الفنون والباحثين والمتذوقين للفن والنقاد.

وتضمن هذا الفصل أيضاً أهداف البحث بتعرف:

مرجعيات الاشكال الرمزية المنفذة على الخزف المملوكي.
الدلالات الرمزية للأعمال المنفذة على الخزف المملوكي.

كما تضمن على حدود البحث بدراسة الاعمال الخزفية الاسلامية المملوكية (صحون ومزهريات وبلاطات) والتي ظهرت في مصر وسوريا في ذلك العصر ضمن الفترة الزمنية (13 - 14 ق.م).
أما الفصل الثاني فقد خصص للإطار النظري والدراسات السابقة ، حيث تضمن الإطار النظري مبحثين، عني أولها بتقصي مفهوم الرمز من الناحية التاريخية ، في حين اختص المبحث الثاني بالدلالة والرمز للاشكال المنفذة على التصميم الزخرفي الاسلامي , أما الفصل الثالث فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث الذي تم خلالها تحديد مجتمع البحث البالغ عدده (72) عملاً خزفياً , وعينة البحث وطريقة اختيارها مع أداة تحليل عينة البحث وتحديد منهج البحث ( أسلوب تحليل المحتوى ) ومن ثم تحليل عينة البحث المتكونة من (4) نماذج خزفية ، في حين خصص الفصل الرابع لاستعراض النتائج والاستنتاجات والتوصيات ، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها هذه الدراسة:

أعتماد الخزاف المسلم على المواضيع التزينية والزخرفية التي عبرت عن البيئة الطبيعية والاجتماعية والحضارية والثقافية والنفسية دلالات واضحة من خلال ارتباط الفنان بالواقع والتماهي معه وهذا ما انعكس في جميع نماذج العينة .
جمع الفنان المملوكي بين الوحدات الزخرفية المتنوعة ( هندسية , نباتية , حيوانية , آدمية ) كدلالات عبرت عن طبيعة البيئة بكل معطياتها وهي اشارات استيعابية لبيئته وتجلى ذلك في جميع نماذج العينة .

واهم الاستنتاجات :

اهتم الخزاف المسلم بنقل مفردات الواقع البيئي الى سطوحه الخزفية ، إنطلاقاً من حالة التأثر الواضح بالمواقف الحياتية، وقد عبر عن تلك المفردات جمالياً وبما يتناسب مع أختيارات الموضوع والفكرة .
ان الوحدات الزخرفية النباتية والحيوانية لها ارتباط بالعقيدة الاسلامية وهي ذات دلالات ورمز وقيم جمالية تحاكي ذائقة المسلمين ، ولذلك ركز عليها الخزاف المسلم تركيزاً واضحاً.

وأعقبها التوصيات والمقترحات فقائمة المصادر والمراجع ومن ثم الملاحق وملخص البحث والعنوان باللغة الانكليزية.
التوظيف السياسي للمرأة في الأساطير والملاحم اليونانية القديمة
Authors: عامر ناجي حسين م. 
Published: October 2021

بحث "التوظيف السياسي للمرأة في الأساطير والملاحم اليونانية القديمة" يسلط الضوء على دور المرأة السياسي من خلال توظيفها لتكون لاعباً سياسياً تارةً بصورة إيجابية كما في قصة ملك مدينة اثينا اوديسيوس بزوجته بنلوب , والملك اجاممنون ملك ميسينيا وطبيعة علاقته بزوجته كليتمنسترا إذ حملت تلك العلاقة الملحمية تصويراً للدور الكبير الذي يقع على عاتق المرأة في الجانب السياسي وصيرورتها لاعباً إيجابياً كما صورته علاقة أوديسيوس ببنلوب وسلبياً تارة أخرى كما في علاقة أجاممنون بزوجته كليتمنسترا , وانطلاقاً من هذا المفهوم تم للبحث مناقشة دور المرأة والآلية التي تم بها توظيف هذا العنصر الحيوي سياسياً من خلال الأساطير والملاحم اليونانية القديمة , وقد أستند البحث إلى جملة من المصادر باللغتين العربية والانكليزية منها ملحمتا الإلياذة والأوديسة , وملحمتا أنساب الآلهة والأعمال والأيام لهزيود , وكتابي بيار غريمال الميثولوجيا اليونانية , وفينلي عالم أوديسوس ونيهاردت الآلهة والأبطال في اليونان القديمة , والملحمة الإغريقية القديمة فيما يخص المؤلفات المترجمة , أما التي باللغة الانكليزية فكان منها (Peter Parley , Tales About the Mythology of Greece and Rome) , (Robert Graves , The Greek Myths).
كثــــــــــافة اللحظــــة الشعوريـــــــــة في قصيدة (لمــــا اناخوا) للشاعر ماني الموسوس ت (245 هـ) قراءة سيميائية
Authors: احمد علي حسين جفال م. د. 
Published: October 2021

تقوم هذه الدراسة على قراءة نص شعري يمتد في ستة ابيات شعرية , عبر استنطاق اللحظة الشعورية الكامنة في ثنايا الابيات، إذ تمثل اللحظة الشعورية تجربة شعرية عاطفية صادقة، ومشاعر إنسانية متدفقة مع جاذبية العبارة، وانسجام المعنى بين دال يبوح بمدلول، واخر ينفتح على دوال ثوانٍ، عبر تقنيات اسلوبية تتشكل من خلالها التراكيب النحوية، وتستكشف البنية الدلالية، ويمتزج الصوت بالمعنى، في اثراء جمالية النص الشعري، مع قدرة فائقة على تشاكل المعاني، وتوظيف سردي وتصعيد درامي في بناء لغوي متناسق، ونظام علاماتي , يؤسس لحضور جمالي مع زحم وتكثيف الايحاءات والدلالات والصور بلغة شعرية موحية، ومثلت القراءة السيمائية أداة الكشف، وفك شفرات النص عبر اجراء سيميائي , يتتبع فاعلية العلاقة اللغوية ودلالاتها النصية وتشاكلها الجمالي.
وقال من البسيط:
لما أناخوا، قبيل الصبحِ، عيسهم
وثوروها فثارتْ بالهوى الإبِلُ
وأبرزتْ من خلال السّجف ناظرهَا
ترنو إليّ ودمعُ العينِ يِنهمــــــــــلُ
وودَّعت ببنانٍ خلتُهُ عَنَماً
فقلتُ: لا حَمَلتَ رجلاكَ يا جَملُ
وَيلي مِن البَينِ ماذا حل بي وبها
من نازح الوجدِ حلَّ البين فارتحلوا
ياحادي العيسٍ عرِجْ كي اودعهم
ياحادي العيسِ في ترحالكَ الاجلُ
اني على العهدِ لم انقضْ مودتهم
ياليتَ شعري بطولِ العهدِ مافعلوا؟
Treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the choroidal collateral system in moyamoya disease: a systematic review and data analysis
Authors: Wiedmann Markus K. H. , Davidoff Chris , Lo Presti Anna , Ni Wei , Rhim Jong Kook , Simons Mary , Stoodley Marcus A. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive steno-occlusive condition of the distal internal carotid arteries of unknown etiology. Collateral arterial networks typically develop in MMD, bypassing the steno-occlusion. Aneurysms arising on the collateral networks are a known source of hemorrhage. The choroidal collateral system is the most common location for collateral pathway aneurysms in MMD and associated hemorrhage. The authors performed data collection and analysis to further elucidate the best treatment approaches for ruptured aneurysms of the choroidal collateral system in MMD, which as yet remain unclear.

METHODS
A comprehensive data collection and analysis of case reports and case series with ruptured choroidal collateral artery aneurysms (CCAAs) was performed. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed and the Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. A database was created including patients with ruptured CCAA in MMD. Original data from case series were included whenever possible. A previously unreported case of a ruptured choroidal artery aneurysm in MMD treated by the authors was also included.

RESULTS
The database comprised 72 patients with ruptured CCAA in MMD. The most common clinical symptoms were headache, nausea, and vomiting (39%). Initially, a conservative treatment approach was chosen in 29% of cases but led to rehemorrhage in 40% of cases; 63% of these rehemorrhages occurred during the first 35 days. Endovascular treatment seemed a safe option for aneurysm exclusion, mainly through parent vessel sacrifice, but had a treatment failure rate of 21%, due to inadequate access. Aneurysm treatment with revascularization as the initial treatment strategy led to aneurysm regression in 82% with no reported rehemorrhage. Aneurysm exclusion through open surgery was effective but was associated with a relatively high complication rate (25%). Outcome after rupture of CCAA was poor, with 41% of patients deceased or permanently disabled. Overall, patient outcomes were better in the endovascular and revascularization treatment group than in the conservative treatment group.

CONCLUSIONS
Rupture of CCAA in MMD is associated with high morbidity and rerupture rate requiring urgent treatment.
Posterior petrous face meningiomas presenting with Ménière’s-like syndrome: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Morshed Ramin A. , Jiam Nicole T. , Wang Elaina J. , Magill Stephen T. , Knoll Renata M. , Kozin Elliott D. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Cheung Steven W. , Sharon Jeffrey D. , McDermott Michael W. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Ménière’s disease is an inner ear disorder classically characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness accompanied by episodic vertigo. While the pathogenesis of Ménière’s remains under debate, histopathological analyses implicate endolymphatic sac dysfunction with inner ear fluid homeostatic dysregulation. Little is known about whether external impingement of the endolymphatic sac by tumors may present with Ménière’s-like symptoms. The authors present a case series of 7 patients with posterior fossa meningiomas that involved the endolymphatic sac and new onset of Ménière’s-like symptoms and review the literature on this rare clinical entity.

METHODS
A retrospective review of patients undergoing resection of a posterior petrous meningioma was performed at the authors’ institution. Inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years; patients presenting with Ménière’s-like symptoms, including episodic vertigo, aural fullness, tinnitus, and/or hearing loss; and tumor location overlying the endolymphatic sac.

RESULTS
There were 7 cases of posterior petrous face meningiomas involving the vestibular aperture presenting with Ménière’s-like symptoms. Imaging and intraoperative examination confirmed no cranial nerve VIII compression or labyrinthine artery involvement accounting for audiovestibular symptoms. Of the 7 patients in the series, 6 experienced significant improvement or resolution of their vertigo, and all 7 had improvement or resolution of their tinnitus after resection. Of the 5 patients who had preoperative hearing loss, 2 experienced improvement or resolution of their ipsilateral preoperative hearing deficit, whereas the other 3 had unchanged hearing loss compared to preoperative evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS
Petrous face meningiomas overlying the endolymphatic sac can present with a Ménière’s syndrome. Early recognition and microsurgical excision of these tumors is critical for resolution of most symptoms and stabilization of hearing loss.
Surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations: an international Delphi consensus
Authors: Dammann Philipp , Abla Adib A. , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Andrade-Barazarte Hugo , Benes Vladimir , Cenzato Marco , Connolly E. Sander , Cornelius Jan F. , Couldwell William T. , Sola Rafael G. , Gomez-Paz Santiago , Hauck Erik , Hernesniemi Juha , Kivelev Juri , Lanzino Giuseppe , Macdonald R. Loch , Morcos Jacques J. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Steinberg Gary K. , Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Schmidt Börge , Spetzler Robert F. , Schaller Karl , Lawton Michael T. , Sure Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Indication for surgery in brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) is based on many case series, few comparative studies, and no randomized controlled trials. The objective of this study was to seek consensus about surgical management aspects of BSCM.

METHODS
A total of 29 experts were invited to participate in a multistep Delphi consensus process on the surgical treatment of BSCM.

RESULTS
Twenty-two (76%) of 29 experts participated in the consensus. Qualitative analysis (content analysis) of an initial open-ended question survey resulted in 99 statements regarding surgical treatment of BSCM. By using a multistep survey with 100% participation in each round, consensus was reached on 52 (53%) of 99 statements. These were grouped into 4 categories: 1) definitions and reporting standards (7/14, 50%); 2) general and patient-related aspects (11/16, 69%); 3) anatomical-, timing of surgery–, and BSCM-related aspects (22/37, 59%); and 4) clinical situation–based decision-making (12/32, 38%). Among other things, a consensus was reached for surgical timing, handling of associated developmental venous anomalies, handling of postoperative BSCM remnants, assessment of specific anatomical BSCM localizations, and treatment decisions in typical clinical BSCM scenarios.

CONCLUSIONS
A summary of typical clinical scenarios and a catalog of various BSCM- and patient-related aspects that influence the surgical treatment decision have been defined, rated, and interpreted.
Radiomic modeling to predict risk of vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases
Authors: Gui Chengcheng , Chen Xuguang , Sheikh Khadija , Mathews Liza , Lo Sheng-Fu L. , Lee Junghoon , Khan Majid A. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Redmond Kristin J. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
In the treatment of spinal metastases with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is a common and potentially morbid complication. Better methods to identify patients at high risk of radiation-induced VCF are needed to evaluate prophylactic measures. Radiomic features from pretreatment imaging may be employed to more accurately predict VCF. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a machine learning model based on clinical characteristics and radiomic features from pretreatment imaging to predict the risk of VCF after SBRT for spinal metastases.

METHODS
Vertebral levels C2 through L5 containing metastases treated with SBRT were included if they were naive to prior surgery or radiation therapy, target delineation was based on consensus guidelines, and 1-year follow-up data were available. Clinical features, including characteristics of the patient, disease, and treatment, were obtained from chart review. Radiomic features were extracted from the planning target volume (PTV) on pretreatment CT and T1-weighted MRI. Clinical and radiomic features selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were included in random forest classification models, which were trained to predict VCF within 1 year after SBRT. Model performance was assessed with leave-one-out cross-validation.

RESULTS
Within 1 year after SBRT, 15 of 95 vertebral levels included in the analysis demonstrated new or progressive VCF. Selected clinical features included BMI, performance status, total prescription dose, dose to 99% of the PTV, lumbar location, and 2 components of the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS): lytic tumor character and spinal misalignment. Selected radiomic features included 5 features from CT and 3 features from MRI. The best-performing classification model, derived from a combination of selected clinical and radiomic features, demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.844, specificity of 0.800, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.878. This model was significantly more accurate than alternative models derived from only selected clinical features (AUC = 0.795, p = 0.048) or only components of the SINS (AUC = 0.579, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
In the treatment of spinal metastases with SBRT, a machine learning model incorporating both clinical features and radiomic features from pretreatment imaging predicted VCF at 1 year after SBRT with excellent sensitivity and specificity, outperforming models developed from clinical features or components of the SINS alone. If validated, these findings may allow more judicious selection of patients for prophylactic interventions.