bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics in the mining of software repositories
Authors: Gold Nicolas E. , Krinke Jens 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch in Mining Software Repositories (MSR) is research involving human subjects, as the repositories usually contain data about developers’ and users’ interactions with the repositories and with each other. The ethics issues raised by such research therefore need to be considered before beginning. This paper presents a discussion of ethics issues that can arise in MSR research, using the mining challenges from the years 2006 to 2021 as a case study to identify the kinds of data used. On the basis of contemporary research ethics frameworks we discuss ethics challenges that may be encountered in creating and using repositories and associated datasets. We also report some results from a small community survey of approaches to ethics in MSR research. In addition, we present four case studies illustrating typical ethics issues one encounters in projects and how ethics considerations can shape projects before they commence. Based on our experience, we present some guidelines and practices that can help in considering potential ethics issues and reducing risks.
On zero-error codes produced by greedy algorithms
Authors: Jurkiewicz Marcin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present two greedy algorithms that determine zero-error codes and lower bounds on the zero-error capacity. These algorithms have many advantages, e.g., they do not store a whole product graph in a computer memory and they use the so-called distributions in all dimensions to get better approximations of the zero-error capacity. We also show an additional application of our algorithms.
The Influence of AA29504 on GABAA Receptor Ligand Binding Properties and Its Implications on Subtype Selectivity
Authors: Sikstus Sylvia , Benkherouf Ali Y. , Soini Sanna L. , Uusi-Oukari Mikko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe unique pharmacological properties of δ-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (δ-GABAARs) make them an attractive target for selective and persistent modulation of neuronal excitability. However, the availability of selective modulators targeting δ-GABAARs remains limited. AA29504 ([2-amino-4-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzylamino)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester), an analog of K+ channel opener retigabine, acts as an agonist and a positive allosteric modulator (Ago-PAM) of δ-GABAARs. Based on electrophysiological studies using recombinant receptors, AA29504 was found to be a more potent and effective agonist in δ-GABAARs than in γ2-GABAARs. In comparison, AA29504 positively modulated the activity of recombinant δ-GABAARs more effectively than γ2-GABAARs, with no significant differences in potency. The impact of AA29504's efficacy- and potency-associated GABAAR subtype selectivity on radioligand binding properties remain unexplored. Using [3H]4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB) binding assay, we found no difference in the modulatory potency of AA29504 on GABA- and THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol)-induced responses between native forebrain GABAARs of wild type and δ knock-out mice. In recombinant receptors expressed in HEK293 cells, AA29504 showed higher efficacy on δ- than γ2-GABAARs in the GABA-independent displacement of [3H]EBOB binding. Interestingly, AA29504 showed a concentration-dependent stimulation of [3H]muscimol binding to γ2-GABAARs, which was absent in δ-GABAARs. This was explained by AA29504 shifting the low-affinity γ2-GABAAR towards a higher affinity desensitized state, thereby rising new sites capable of binding GABAAR agonists with low nanomolar affinity. Hence, the potential of AA29504 to act as a desensitization-modifying allosteric modulator of γ2-GABAARs deserves further investigation for its promising influence on shaping efficacy, duration and plasticity of GABAAR synaptic responses.
Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review
Authors: Aceves-Martins Magaly , López-Cruz Lizet , García-Botello Marcela , Gutierrez-Gómez Yareni Yunuen , Moreno-García Carlos Francisco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising among Mexican children and adolescents in the last decades. To systematically review obesity prevention interventions delivered to Mexican children and adolescents. Thirteen databases and one search engine were searched for evidence from 1995 to 2021. Searches were done in English and Spanish to capture relevant information. Studies with experimental designs, delivered in any setting (e.g., schools or clinics) or digital domains (e.g., social media campaigns) targeting Mexican children or adolescents (≤ 18 years) and reporting weight outcomes, were included in this review. In addition, the risk of bias was appraised with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Twenty-nine studies with 19,136 participants (3–17 years old) were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity at baseline ranged from 21 to 69%. Most of the studies (89.6%) were delivered in school settings. The duration ranged from 2 days to 3 school years, and the number of sessions also varied from 2 to 200 sessions at different intensities. Overall, anthropometric changes varied across studies. Thus, the efficacy of the included studies is heterogeneous and inconclusive among studies. Current evidence is heterogeneous and inconclusive about the efficacy of interventions to prevent obesity in Mexican children and adolescents. Interventions should not be limited to educational activities and should include different components, such as multi-settings delivery, family inclusion, and longer-term implementations. Mixed-method evaluations (including robust quantitative and qualitative approaches) could provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and best practices.
Novel phlebovirus-like-AYUT and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacterial co-infection in a Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. tick
Authors: Trinachartvanit Wachareeporn , Kaenkan Warissara , Nooma Wanwipa , Jeangkhwoa Pattraporn , Rakthong Pakavadee , Baimai Visut , Ahantarig Arunee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTick-borne viruses and bacteria that can cause diseases of animals and humans have high impact and are of concern as significant threats to human health worldwide. In this research, we screened microorganisms related to those pathogens in ticks from dogs, a cat, and a cow. The techniques used were PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to detect and classify the microorganisms [Flavivirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Phlebovirus, Coronavirus, Canine Parvovirus, eubacteria, Coxiella and Rickettsia]. A novel virus named Phlebovirus-like-AYUT and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria were found in one individual tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) from a dog. All tick samples were negative for Rickettsia, while 9/21 (42.9 %) were positive for Coxiella bacteria. The novel virus “Phlebovirus-like-AYUT” (the name derives from Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province in Thailand) was resolved by phylogenetic analysis of the partial L segment by maximum likelihood (ML) method using MEGA X. The phylogenetic tree also indicated that the virus was related to Phlebovirus in brown dog ticks reported in Trinidad and Tobago. In contrast, Phlebovirus-like-AYUT was in a distinct clade from Lihan tick Phlebovirus-Thailand (LTPV), which was previously found in cow ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus, in Nan Province, Thailand. This study reports the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacterium with a novel Phlebovirus-like-AYUT in a brown dog tick. The roles of this bacterium in a virus-positive tick or in viral transmission from animal host requires further investigation.
Perception of stability correlates with objective performance of dynamic stability for people with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Forsyth L. , Pourkazemi F. , Al Adal S. , Hiller C. E. , Childs C. R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, with one of the highest recurrence rates. One in five people develops chronic ankle instability (CAI) after a lateral ankle sprain. CAI is mainly described as a subjective phenomenon, but is associated with recurrent symptoms, reduced dynamic stability, and reduced physical activity and quality of life. Understanding the relationship between perception of stability and effect on performance for people with CAI could inform rehabilitative strategies in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the perception of stability and objective performance of dynamic stability this population.

Methods
This study is a sub-analysis of data from four separate studies in Australia and the United Kingdom. Participants were screened and categorised as a CAI, coper, or healthy participant. Each participant completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT). Distances reached in the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directions, and average, of the SEBT were analysed.

Results
Data from 95 participants with CAI, 45 copers, and 101 healthy participants was analysed. There was a significant moderate correlation between CAIT score and SEBT reach distance in all directions for the CAI group (p < 0.001). For copers, there was small significant correlation in the posterior-lateral direction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study highlights the discrepancies between the perception of stability and objective dynamic stability, and reinforces the importance of using both types of measures for continual assessment in practice to optimise selecting rehabilitative strategies.
Modelling Oscillatory Patterns in the Bovine Estrous Cycle with Boolean Delay Equations
Authors: Berg Mascha , Plöntzke Julia , Siebert Heike , Röblitz Susanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBoolean delay equations (BDEs), with their relatively simple and intuitive mode of modelling, have been used in many research areas including, for example, climate dynamics and earthquake propagation. Their application to biological systems has been scarce and limited to the molecular level. Here, we derive and present two BDE models. One is directly derived from a previously published ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for the bovine estrous cycle, whereas the second model includes a modification of a particular biological mechanism. We not only compare the simulation results from the BDE models with the trajectories of the ODE model, but also validate the BDE models with two additional numerical experiments. One experiment induces a switch in the oscillatory pattern upon changes in the model parameters, and the other simulates the administration of a hormone that is known to shift the estrous cycle in time. The models presented here are the first BDE models for hormonal oscillators, and the first BDE models for drug administration. Even though automatic parameter estimation still remains challenging, our results support the role of BDEs as a framework for the systematic modelling of complex biological oscillators.
Neue und wiederkehrende sexuell übertragbare Erreger: Nachwuchs- und Überlebenskünstler
Authors: Stary Angelika 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNoch vor 50 Jahren waren nur wenige bakterielle Infektionen bekannt, die durch direkten Sexualkontakt auf den Partner oder die Partnerin übertragen werden. Neben der Syphilis und Gonorrhoe wurden der weiche Schanker (Ulcus molle) und das Lymphogranuloma venereum in der Gruppe der klassischen Geschlechtskrankheiten zusammengefasst. Die Infektionszahlen der klassischen Venerea haben am Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts durch die Gefahr einer tödlichen HIV-Infektion abgenommen, sind aber nach der Einführung der hochaktiven antiretroviralen Therapie (HAART) erneut rapide angestiegen und stellen weiterhin trotz erfolgreicher Therapiemöglichkeiten ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Durch moderne molekularbiologische Nachweisverfahren, „contact tracing“ und epidemiologische Studien ist nun bekannt, dass die Zahl jener Infektionen, die durch engen Kontakt übertragen werden, wesentlich größer ist. In die Gruppe der „sexually transmitted infections“ werden u. a. neben bakteriellen Infektionen wie Chlamydia trachomatis und Mycoplasma genitalium auch virale Infekte wie Herpes-simplex-, Hepatitis‑B- und humane Papillomviren zusammengefasst. Für einige Erreger, wie das Zika- und Ebolavirus, die Hepatitis A, für gewisse Darmkeime oder die Meningokokken stellt der Sexualkontakt nur einen der möglichen Übertragungswege dar, sie werden „sexually transmissible infections” genannt. Diese Erkenntnisse tragen dazu bei, dass die Bedeutsamkeit von „contact tracing“, einer genauen Diagnostik sowie sexueller Abstinenz über einen gewissen Zeitraum eine wichtige Rolle für die Prophylaxe darstellt, um eine Infektion der zahlreichen Mikroben auf den Sexualpartner zu verhindern.
The relationship among motivation, self-monitoring, self-management, and learning strategies of MOOC learners
Authors: Zhu Meina , Doo Min Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn massive open online learning courses (MOOCs) with a low instructor-student ratio, students are expected to have self-directed learning abilities. This study investigated the relationship among motivation, self-monitoring, self-management, and MOOC learners’ use of learning strategies. An online survey was embedded at the end of three MOOCs with large enrollments asking for learners’ voluntary participation in the study. The survey results from 470 participants indicated that motivation positively influenced self-monitoring, self-management, and learning strategies. In addition, self-monitoring and self-management did not affect the utilization of learning strategies. This underscores learners’ motivation and the need to encourage them to adopt appropriate learning strategies for successful learning. The results also revealed that self-monitoring positively affected self-management. The findings highlight the critical need to enhance self-monitoring skills to further promote self-management skills in MOOCs. In addition, self-monitoring and self-management did not encourage learners to use related learning strategies in this study. This study should be extended to investigate practical ways to encourage MOOC learners to adopt learning strategies.
Chemical cues for intraspecific chemical communication and interspecific interactions in aquatic environments: applications for fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Kamio Michiya , Yambe Hidenobu , Fusetani Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquatic organisms detect chemical cues to sense the local environment, for example, to find a mate, locate food, and identify danger. Knowledge of chemical cues can be used in aquaculture, in practical applications such as controlling mating behavior to increase fertility, enhance feeding, and decrease stress; in fisheries, by catching selected species with low-cost artificial attractants; and to address maritime issues, by decreasing biofouling. Aquatic organisms also detect chemical cues related to global environmental changes, ocean acidification, and increases in ocean plastics, all of which can affect their chemosensory behaviors. Here we discuss the nature of chemical cues and chemosensory biology and ecology of aquatic organisms, and potential applications with an emphasis on sex pheromones in commercially important and well-studied animals, namely, decapod crustaceans and fish.
Disordered eating symptoms in Austrian men of different ages in the context of fitness centers
Authors: Mangweth-Matzek Barbara , Decker Benjamin , Erschbaumer Irene , Wurnig Verena , Kemmler Georg , Bichler Carina S. , Rupp Claudia I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess eating behavior and associated factors in male fitness-center attendees.

Methods
An anonymous questionnaire was administered to male fitness center members of Innsbruck (Austria), aged 18–80 years to assess socio-demographic features, weight history, sports activity, eating behavior including disordered eating based on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and DSM-5 key symptoms for eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, purging disorder) and body image. Three age groups (younger—middle-aged—older men) were compared regarding the variables described above.

Results
A total of 307 men included displayed high rates of disordered eating as described by EDE-Q cutoff scores (5–11%) as well as by DSM-5 eating disorder symptoms (10%). While EDE-Q cutoff scores did not differentiate between the groups, the prevalences of DSM-5 eating disorder symptoms yielded significant differences indicating a clear decrease with increasing age. Binge eating and bulimic symptoms with excessive exercising as the purging method were the most often reported symptoms.

Conclusion
Although described as typically female, disordered eating does occur in male fitness-gym attendees across all ages. The older the men, the less prevalent are the symptoms. Awareness of disordered eating and possible negative effects need to be addressed for attendees and trainers of the gym.

Level of evidence
V—descriptive survey study.
Emergency remote learning during the pandemic from a South African perspective
Authors: Baboolal-Frank Rashri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic created a situation for the implementation of emergency remote learning. This meant that as a lecturer at a traditionalist University of contact sessions, the pandemic forced us to teach remotely through online methods of communication, using online lectures, narrated powerpoints, voice clips, podcasts, interviews and interactive videos. The assessments were conducted online from assignments to multiple choice questions, which forced the lecturers to think differently about the way the assessments were presented, in order to avoid easy access to answers found in a textbook and online. This meant that more application questions of theory to practice were assessed in a more challenging way to prevent cheating and collaboration with peers. Formal assessments completed during emergency remote learning, have become the past practice, as innovative methods have been adopted for learning and for assessment purposes in order to preserve the integrity and attainment of the degree through online modes of learning. The aim of the paper investigates and explores the methods of teaching, together with the results obtained from the students of 2019 and 2020 in their final year relating to two final year modules against the literature relating to learning processes and methodologies.
Legitimation of Illegality in Authoritarian States: The Case of Transnational Illegal Drug Brokerage in China
Authors: Li Lantian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes how illegality can be legitimized in authoritarian states by examining a contested case of transnational illegal drug brokerage in China. Triangulating news articles, legal documents, and interviews, the study distinguishes between two pathways of illegality legitimation: depoliticized and politicized. I argue that the depoliticized pathway is made possible through pragmatic, moral, and legalistic frames, whereas the politicized pathway builds upon an institutional frame. I also identify the media as essential agents of illegality legitimation. While illegal-practice participants and the legal authority tend to only mobilize depoliticized frames, the media make both depoliticized and politicized efforts. Through this in-depth analysis, the paper deepens our understanding of the social construction of illegality and the intricate relation between law, media, and society within authoritarian states.
The Impact of Natural Hazards on Older Adult Health: Lessons Learned From Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Andrade Elizabeth L. , Jula Megan , Rodriguez-Diaz Carlos E. , Lapointe Lauren , Edberg Mark C. , Rivera Maria I. , Santos-Burgoa Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
With natural hazards increasing in frequency and severity and global population aging, preparedness efforts must evolve to address older adults’ risks in disasters. This study elucidates potential contributors to the elevated older adult mortality risk following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico through an examination of community stakeholder preparedness, response, and recovery experiences.

Methods:
In April 2018, qualitative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with stakeholders in 7 Puerto Rican municipalities. Interview transcripts were deductively and inductively coded and analyzed to identify salient topics and themes representing participant response patterns.

Results:
The hurricane’s detrimental impact on older adult health emerged as a prominent finding. Through 6 months post-hurricane, many older adults experienced unmet needs that contributed to declining physical and emotional health, inadequate non-communicable disease management, social isolation, financial strain, and excess morbidity and mortality. These needs were predominantly consequences of lengthy public service gaps, unsafe living conditions, interrupted health care, and the incongruence between preparedness and event severity.

Conclusions:
In a landscape of increasing natural hazard frequency and magnitude, a pattern of older adult risk has become increasingly clear. Study findings compel practitioners to engage in natural hazard preparedness planning, research, and policy-making that considers the multiple facets of older adult well-being.
“Things change you know”: Schools as the Architects of the Mexican Race in Depression-Era Wyoming
Authors: Guzmán Gonzalo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the development of racially segregated Mexican rooms and Mexican schools in Wyoming during the Depression era. Working in concert with New Deal legislation, the segregation of Mexican children—regardless of US citizenship—in Wyoming was not just a matter of social practice and local custom, it became an expression of increased state and federal power that mirrored Jim Crow laws. Wyoming was not alone. The segregation of Mexicans also occurred in neighboring Colorado, Montana, and Nebraska. This article also discusses how, ultimately, public schools and schooling finalized the codification and institutionalization of Mexicans as a race of their own. In Wyoming, schools were the architects of the Mexican race. Furthermore, this unexplored area demonstrates that the segregation of Mexican children was not just a Southwest phenomenon but encompassed almost all of the US West.
Linking proactive behavior and constructive deviance to affective commitment and turnover intention: the mediating role of idea championing
Authors: Déprez Guillaume R. M. , Battistelli Adalgisa , Vandenberghe Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how proactive behavior and constructive deviance relate to affective organizational commitment and turnover intention through idea championing. Based on a two-wave study (N = 310), structural equation model analyses revealed that constructive deviance had an inhibitory effect and proactive behavior a facilitatory effect on idea championing. In turn, idea championing was related to increased affective commitment and reduced turnover intention. The analyses of indirect effects further indicated that proactive behavior and constructive deviance had opposite indirect effects on affective commitment and turnover intention. This research underlines the importance of acting proactively upstream rather than deviating from the norm to promote innovation and build employee loyalty to the organization. Finally, this study also indicates that proactive and constructive deviant behaviors are conceptually different and exert opposite effects despite their similar orientation toward innovation and change.