bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinterpreting Disability: Changes in Supplemental Security Income for Children
Authors: Perrin James M. , Stein Ruth E. K. 
Published: December 2021

On February 20, 1990, in Sullivan v Zebley, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Social Security Administration's criteria for determining eligibility of children with disabilities for Supplemental Security Income (SSI). This dramatic decision held that the existing regulations for the program discriminated against children, because children were required to meet a stricter standard than adults who applied for SSI. This decision overturned the current rules and procedures for the determination of access to a major federal benefits program and, in most states, to additional benefits through assured Medicaid eligibility. The Court also mandated that the Social Security Administration make changes that will significantly alter and liberalize access for children. Because many pediatricians may be unaware of the issues and the potential advantages for children in their care, we summarize below some of the pertinent background and implications of this landmark decision.
BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION
The Supplemental Security Income Program of the Social Security Administration, enacted by Congress in 1972, provides an income supplement to lower income disabled Americans, both children and adults. Persons older than 18 years of age who have a health problem that causes major disability and prevents participation in substantial gainful activity may receive cash benefits as part of a social policy effort that began in the Roosevelt era of the 1930s, although specific disability programs did not begin until the 1960s. Children also may receive cash benefits under certain similar conditions. The SSI program was designed primarily as a social benefit program to improve the financial standing of aged, blind, and disabled individuals, but it also brings automatic eligibility for Medicaid for individuals who qualify for SSI in 31 states and the District of Columbia.
Brief History of Infant Nutrition and View to the Future
Authors: BARNESS LEWIS A. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for your generous remarks, Dr Eaton. With the extensive list of busy work, it is difficult to see how anything good could have come from my activities.
Before accepting the award, I should like to acknowledge some of the many people who have contributed to my attaining this honor. First, I thank the nominating committee of the Academy who must have been sleeping at the time of their decision. I thank my ex-students, co-workers, and stimulators, particularly Frank Oski and Grant Morrow, as well as the late Bill Mellman and Michael Miller, who helped me accomplish the little I accomplished. I've been lucky in wives, both of whom gave considerable support.
Why Not Have More Milk?
Authors: KRETCHMER NORMAN 
Published: December 2021

In the past, biological products derived from the human had to be extracted or isolated from bulk materials, but now, with genetic engineering, gross amounts can be prepared by placing the appropriate gene in the genome of a friendly bacterium. Genetic engineering is a major scientific advance of our time and has made major contributions to medicine. Prominent products of this exciting biological advance are insulin, growth hormone, and interferon.
The principle of genetic engineering is simple. A foreign gene is inserted into the genome of a bacterium, and the bacterium uses the gene as a template for the synthesis of the cognate protein.
Marijuana: A Continuing Concern for Pediatricians
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Published: December 2021

1. Marijuana use continues to be widespread among adolescents.
2. The seriousness of the behavioral consequences of marijuana use is sufficient to cause great concern and prompt the pediatrician to counsel young people against any use of the drug. Such counsel should be based on health concerns, including the relationship of marijuana use to both trauma associated with intoxication and the impact on memory and learning. Additional reasons for concern, and hence counsel, include anxieties and uncertainties regarding the potential harm that marijuana use may cause to adolescents undergoing hormonal development, possible teratogenicity, and the known consequences of chronic use.
3. A psychosocial and medical assessment for drug use, including use of marijuana, should be a routine part of health maintenance for every young person. Performing such assessments gives the pediatrician the opportunity to offer anticipatory guidance prior to the onset of drug use behavior, to intervene and minimize consequences if drug use has been initiated, and to detect and address issues of chronic or heavy use.
BORN TOO SOON—THE STORY OF EMILY, OUR PREMATURE BABY
Authors: LUCEY JEROLD F. 
Published: December 2021

I bought this book with the hope that it might help parents deal with the problems of having a premature infant. It doesn't. The author is a talented reporter and a very articulate, angry parent. Her story and that of Emily, her 760 gram daughter with NEC, is tragic. Once again, neonatologists and others are cold distant figures who inhabit NICU-land. They are about as friendly as a high frequency ventilator!
Mrs. Butterfield's (E. Mehren's) views of our strange world are fascinating. One can learn a lot from her about our many failures in communication. Her description of a father's ordeal in NICU-land is particularly moving. He's a famous author under pressure, trying to do his best to be a good father. He nearly fails in Mrs. Butterfield's eyes. In my eyes he was nearly heroic!
This book will give you some insight into the incredible problems parents face in dealing with the NICU environment and its staff, other parents and visitors.
Neonatologists, house staff, obstetrical nurses and social workers will cringe when they read this, but if they can take it, they can learn a lot.
Most of the parents of premature infants are very young, frightened and completely overwhelmed. Do many feel like Mrs. Butterfield? I hope not. I'd like to think that the painful things described don't happen very often in NICUs. If they do, we're in more trouble than I realized.
After you've read this book, give it to your house staff. Its painful but educational.
DREADED TEST FOR 4-YEAR-OLDS
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

The first shot has been fired in a rebellion against one of the special ordeals of New York life: the frenzied competition among children barely out of diapers for admission to private schools.
. . .the directors of 55 of the city's top-flight nursery schools signed a letter announcing that they were "seriously considering eliminating testing in our schools" of their 4-year-olds seeking admission to private schools through their kindergartens.
Reviews of Lay Literature in Child Care: What Parents Are Reading
Authors: GLASCOE FRANCES P. , MARTIN ELAINE D. , MOORE WILLIAM R. 
Published: December 2021

Arlene Eisenberg, Heidi E. Murkoff, & Sandee E. Hathaway. What to Expect The First Year. New York: Workman Publishing, 1989; list price $12.95 (No. 3 on the 1989 bestseller list of books on child care from Ingram Book Co., distributors of trade books).
This book is a thorough, month-by-month account of health and development in the first 12 months of life. Additional chapters address: selecting a physician, purchasing baby clothes, furniture and equipment, and making decisions about circumcision, breast and/or bottle feeding. Advice on lifestyle and career issues, paternal leave, and child care is practicable and presented without alienating sanctimony. Alleviation of parental anxiety is a central focus. However, the authors appear cavalier and ill-informed when they suggest that parents should ignore most developmental delays and avoid developmental comparisons among children. Much more valuable are the messages about discipline—the authors teach sensitive, supportive parenting skills with emphasis on developing children's self-esteem and independence through encouragement and preventative behavior management. The text's medical coverage is comprehensive and current, addressing such topics as APGARs, reflexes, SIDS, preventing Reye's Syndrome, benign heart murmurs, and various first-aid treatments. Issues in nutrition, feeding and baby food recipes are also covered. The comprehensive index and table of contents make the book easy to use, although the assumption of intact families with resources, the detailed presentation of topics and difficult reading level, suggest that the book is most useful to educated parents.
Pediatricians' Relation to For-Profit Corporations
Authors: KOHRMAN ARTHUR F. 
Published: December 2021

Of all the forms of deception, self-deception is both the most ubiquitous and the most resistant to detection and correction. When sanctioned and legitimated by professional groups, Dr Margolis1 argues, self-deception is all the more pernicious and dangerous. Most important, he asserts that the collective belief that physician behavior is not influenced by gift-giving pharmaceutical companies is an abandonment of the fiduciary responsibility of the physician and an ethical violation of the first order.
Dr Margolis describes in excellent fashion how that abandonment violates fundamental ethical principles of nonmaleficence, fidelity, and justice. He also suggests that the pursuit of the self-deception threatens the very autonomy which physicians cherish as the bedrock of their professional identity.
Midazolam-Fentanyl Sedation
Authors: TRAYNOR LEORA A. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Myron Yaster et al are to be congratulated for their candid discussion of the near fatal experience with midazolam-fentanyl described in their article.1
By 1988 at least 88 deaths had been reported to the Food and Drug Administration under similar circumstances; and these represent only the tip of the iceburg because most occurrences are not reported.
Yaster has warned quite correctly that all sedatives become general anesthetics if enough drug is given. Fentanyl, as does any opiate, prolongs and potentiates in unpredictable fashion the effects of midazolam (Versed).
Corporal Punishment
Authors: LEVENTHAL WALTER D. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
I'd like to comment on a letter, "Hypovolemic Shock in a Child as a Consequence of Corporal Punishment," published in the April 1991 issue of Pediatrics.1
I believe that presenting this case as a consequence of corporal punishment is misrepresenting the case. It appears that this is a clear-cut case of child abuse in which the instrument used just happened to be a paddle and the excuse for the abuse just happened to be corporal punishment. As a consequence of understating the case as one of corporal punishment, an individual who has been abused and has been subjected to "grievous bodily assault" is still at risk. However, if this incident is couched in terms of reference of corporal punishment, then there is little reason to think that, despite the Department of Social Services being involved, this could not happen again, perhaps with more serious consequences.
Clofibrate Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: ERKUL IBRAHIM , YAVUZ HALUK , ÖZEL AHMET 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
We have read the article on "Clofibrate Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice" by Gabilan et al1 with great interest. Treatment of neonatal jaundice with clofibrate given by mouth as a single dose will be a new area in this field.
However, we think that several aspects of therapy with this drug should be clarified before it is applied to babies. Clofibrate has a number of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, gallstones, and cholecystitis, but its disturbing effects on liver and muscles are of prime importance.2
Lomotil Overdose
Authors: MCCARRON MARGARET M. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Wasserman should not be disappointed that his article and the others he mentioned were omitted from our article about accidental Lomotil poisoning in well children.1 We clearly stated that we found 101 reported cases of Lomotil ingestion and did not include those cases in which Lomotil was given to a sick child with diarrhea. Although those early cases were very valuable in pointing out the dangers of giving this drug to small children, and resulted in an important change in pediatric practice, we did not think that they could be used to determine the signs and symptoms of Lomotil poisoning.
We also were interested in determining the clinical patterns of intoxication for diphenoxylate-atropine to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, we decided to use only those articles in which individual clinical cases were described.
Facing Tragic Decisions With Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Jellinek Michael S. , Catlin Elizabeth A. , Todres I. David , Cassem Edwin H. 
Published: December 2021

Withdrawing a neonate's life supports and limiting resuscitation efforts are among the most complex, tragic, and stressful decisions faced by parents and physicians. There is an extensive body of literature discussing ethical and legal implications of such decisions.1-8 There is also a substantial body of literature on parental grieving, the risks of long-term depression and family dysfunction,9-12 and the inevitable stress on the pediatric team when dealing with critically ill infants.13-20 However, despite all that has been written, our own review has found little that addresses the clinical and psychological questions that the physician and family must face together during the several intense and intimate meetings where they actually decide to withdraw life support or limit resuscitation efforts. These questions will be most relevant for the senior members of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) team and should be part of the training of pediatric house officers, although the underlying principles are relevant to many of the decisions made by a pediatrician and family. For the purposes of this discussion we will assume that the appropriate legal and ethical standards are being observed in terms of the substance of the decision and will focus on the clinical process of physician-family decision making. We expect that technology will necessitate ongoing revisions of the legal/ethical guidelines but that the clinical goals of decision making will remain interpersonal, intimate, humane, respectful, and sensitive to long-term emotional concerns.
The clinical context is loss. Grief replaces the family's hopes for a happy, healthy baby, their expectations of bringing a new baby into their home, and the dreams that come with raising this child.
Neonatology Needs Help
Authors: Lucey Jerold F. 
Published: December 2021

I just reviewed the April 1991 issue of Pediatric Research which contains the APS-SPR abstracts. You can't help but notice that neonatology is the most active area of clinical research. Of the 2257 manuscripts submitted, at least 1119 can be classified as neonatal. There are now more than 2500 board-certified neonatologists in the United States. We certainly get high marks for producing abstracts.
That's the good news. The bad news, I think, is how trivial, repetitive, and fruitless some of these studies seem to be. I stopped counting when I reached 20 abstracts which ended with the phrase "but of course this study needs to be repeated on a larger number of patients in a prospective randomized controlled trial."
Micropremies
Authors: MORO GUIDO 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Ginsberg and his colleagues1 can be proud of the success obtained with Monica, who was delivered with a birth weight of 380 g at 25 3/7 weeks gestation. We were sorry we were not able to discuss Monica in our report2 as it was sent to Pediatrics before the publication of the paper by Ginsberg et al in the Journal of Perinatology.
Obviously, we are pleased that the number of "micropremies" (infants delivered with a birth weight &lt;500 g) who survive and develop normally is increasing.
Home Visitation Investment
Authors: SISSMAN NORMAN J. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Two recent reviews in Pediatrics1,2 provide much interesting information on the effect of home visits on the health of women and children. However, I was disappointed not to find in either article more than token reference to the cost of the programs reviewed. In this day of increasingly scarce health care resources, we no longer have the luxury of evaluating programs such as these without detailed consideration of their cost-benefit ratio.
A Different View of Surfactant Development
Authors: GUNKEL HARRY 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
In answering Dr Kattwinkel's letter, I asked for help from two physicians intimately involved in the commercial development of Survanta and Exosurf. Their replies follow:
The author of this letter offers a counterpoint to Dr Lucey's editorial. An exchange of views is usually healthy and consistent with the scientific method. However, in some cases his views are incorrect and misinformed. On one thing we agree; surfactant therapy "works and is safe."
"Getting there" has been a long and arduous process.
The Ricochet of Magic Bullets: Summary of the Institute of Medicine Report, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines
Authors: Howson Christopher P. , Fineberg Harvey V. 
Published: December 2021

On July 3, 1991, the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a reported entitled, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines,1 in response to a congressional request to review evidence about a set of serious adverse events and immunization with pertussis and rubella vaccines. The request originated in the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (Public Law 99-660), whose primary purpose was to establish a federal compensation scheme for persons potentially injured by a vaccine; Section 312 of Public Law 99-660 called for the IOM review.
Over the course of its 20-month study, the 11-member interdisciplinary committee constituted by IOM to conduct the review examined altogether 18 adverse events for pertussis vaccine—infantile spasms; hypsarhythmia; aseptic meningitis; acute encephalopathy; chronic neurologic (permanent brain) damage; deaths classified as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); anaphylaxis, autism; erythema multiforme or other rashes; Guillain-Barré syndrome (polyneuropathy); peripheral mononeuropathy; hemolytic anemia; juvenile diabetes; learning disabilities and hyperactivity; protracted inconsolable crying or screaming; Reye's syndrome; shock and "unusual shock-like state" with hypotonicity, hyporesponsiveness, and short-lived convulsions (usually febrile); and thrombocytopenia—and 4 adverse events for rubella vaccine—acute arthritis; chronic arthritis; radiculoneuritis and other neuropathies; and thrombocytopenic purpura. In conducting its review, the committee recognized that its charge was to focus on questions of causation and not broader topics, such as cost-benefit or risk-benefit analyses of vaccination.
This summary begins with a brief history of events leading to the IOM study, then reviews the methods used by the committee to evaluate the evidence, summarizes the committee's conclusions for these adverse events, and offers directions for future investigation of adverse events in connection with widely used health interventions, such as vaccination.
Fire Hydrant Injuries
Authors: WIDOME MARK D. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
I was attracted to the fire hydrant article by Joffe, Torrey, and Baker1 for several unrelated reasons. Aside from my interest in injury prevention, I spent 8 years in college and medical school in West Philadelphia and in Center City Philadelphia. I can appreciate the limited opportunities for Philadelphia's children to escape the Delaware Valley's heat and humidity. But it is in part because I now live and work 100 miles west of Philadelphia, in semirural Hershey, that the most striking thing about Joffe's article is that it is an example of examining a problem with a microscope when a wide-angle lens is called for.
Developmental Toxicants Risk Assessment
Authors: GUZELIAN PHILIP S. , HENRY CAROL J. , FARLAND WILLIAM H. , OLIN STEPHEN S. 
Published: December 2021

To The Editor.—
Because of their physical vulnerability and diminutive stature, infants and children often are assumed by the general public and by some health professionals to be more susceptible to the potential toxic effects of the chemicals found in the environment. An analysis based on available data, however, suggests that the answer clearly depends on the substance and the exposure situation. In some cases, there may be no difference at all in the responses of children and adults.
Life, Death, and Parents' Opinions in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: KAEMPF JOSEPH W. 
Published: December 2021

To The Editor.—
I would like to congratulate Shoo K. Lee et al for their thought-provoking article on the parental attitudes toward very low birth weight infants who have been cared for in their neonatal intensive care unit.1 The authors recognize several limitations of their study: (a) small sample size; (b) exclusion of parents of infants who died in the neonatal intensive care unit; (c) exclusion of single parents.
Despite recognizing these limitations, the authors conclude, "Our results indicate that more cognizance must be taken of parental desires in the discussion of whether active treatment should be offered to VLBW infants."
Life, Death, and Parents' Opinions in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: LEE SHOO , PENNER PAULINE , COX MARGARET 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
We thank Dr Kaempf for his interest in our paper, and we share his concerns that the study should not be misinterpreted. We also are pleased that Dr Kaempf agrees that more cognizance must be taken of parental desires, but stand by our conclusion that our study supports this view. Dr Kaempf's experience may be different because cultural and socioeconomic differences in different regions may result in different views. However, in both instances, parental desires were taken into consideration.
Risks with Translocation in "Typus Edinburgensis"
Authors: HECHT FREDERICK , HECHT BARBARA K. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In 1974 Habel1 described five infants in an Edinburgh family with dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, and early demise. He called the condition "Typus Edinburgensis" and suggested it was due to an undetected chromosome abnormality.
Now, 17 years later, Laing et al2 have studied this Edinburgh family further using high resolution chromosome banding and found a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2. The "Typus Edinburgensis" results from adjacent segregation of this translocation causing duplication of the segment from 1q42.3 to 1qter and deletion of the segment from 2q37.1 to 2qter.
Publish or Perish
Authors: FULGINTTI VINCENT A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Sahler's letter to Pediatrics summarizes the dilemma that academic medicine and editors of journals face. It is truly a "chicken and egg" problem, but there is little hope for resolving it in the near future. Academic faculties are very conservative when it comes to changing the "rules" for anything, as evidenced by the slowness with which curricular reform is occurring in this country. Although many have commented on the need to modernize the policies and procedures for the award of tenure, and for academic promotion, the focus for change remains in our faculties and in their promotion and tenure committees, at both the departmental and school or University levels.