bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Consensus for Ambitious Climate Action Through the World Climate Simulation
Authors: Rooney‐Varga Juliette N. , Hensel Margaret , McCarthy Carolyn , McNeal Karen , Norfles Nicole , Rath Kenneth , Schnell Audrey H. , Sterman John D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSociopolitical values are an important driver of climate change beliefs, attitudes, and policy preferences. People with “individualist‐hierarchical” values favor individual freedom, competition, and clearly defined social hierarchies, while “communitarian‐egalitarians” value interdependence and equality across gender, age, heritage, and ethnicity. In the US, individualist‐hierarchs generally perceive less risk from climate change and express lower support for actions to mitigate it than communitarian‐egalitarians. Exposure to scientific information does little to change these views. Here, we ask if a widely used experiential simulation, World Climate, can help overcome these barriers. World Climate combines an engaging role‐play with an interactive computer model of the climate system. We examine pre‐ and post‐World Climate survey responses from 2,080 participants in the US and use a general linear mixed model approach to analyze interactions among participants' sociopolitical values and gains in climate change knowledge, affect, and intent to take action. As expected, prior to the simulation, participants holding individualist‐hierarchical values had lower levels of climate change knowledge, felt less urgency, and expressed lower intent to act than those holding communitarian‐egalitarian values. However, individualist‐hierarchs made significantly larger gains across all constructs, particularly urgency, than communitarian‐egalitarians. Participants' sociopolitical values also shifted: those with individualistic‐hierarchical values before the simulation showed a substantial, statistically significant shift toward a communitarian‐egalitarian worldview. Simulation‐based experiences like World Climate may help reduce polarization and build consensus towards science‐based climate action.
A Hybrid Mechanism for Enhanced Core‐Mantle Boundary Chemical Interaction
Authors: Lim Kang Wei , Bonati Irene , Hernlund John W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDetection of chemical signatures from the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) could provide an unprecedented glimpse into our planet's deep interior and ancient past. Several isotopic and elemental anomalies in ocean island basalts (OIBs) have been proposed as core tracers. However, the process(es) by which particular chemical signatures from the core are conveyed into the mantle remain uncertain. Here, we propose a hybrid mechanism that results from a collaborative feedback between dynamic topography, porous infiltration of liquid metal into submerged rock, gravitational collapse of weakened metal‐silicate mush, and draw‐down of additional rocks from above in the induced small‐scale mantle circulation. Using a mantle convection model coupled to gravitational spreading of a thin layer, we show that induced mantle circulation due to the gravitational collapse of the layer becomes comparable to buoyancy‐driven mantle flow when the viscosity of the mushy layer is reduced to values ∼105 times smaller than the overlying mantle.
Double Intertropical Convergence Zones in Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Models: Progress in CMIP6
Authors: Si Wei , Liu Hailong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Minghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReducing the double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias has been the subject of intensive research in the climate modeling community. Recent studies have shown small to little progress in the ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models compared to Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in simulating the ITCZ. This study distinguishes the performances of the ensemble of CMIP models and the sub‐ensemble of top five models in reference to the double ITCZ bias by using the spatial correlation as the metric. We show that while there was little progress in the whole CMIP6 ensemble, there is progress in the top five models from CMIP5 to CMIP6. These models have largely eliminated the bias. This improvement is masked in the whole ensemble by the larger inter‐model spread. Results point to promising directions to which coupled models are heading to eradicate the chronic double ITCZ bias.
Landfast Ice and Coastal Wave Exposure in Northern Alaska
Authors: Hošeková Lucia , Eidam Emily , Panteleev Gleb , Rainville Luc , Rogers W. Erick , Thomson Jim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservations of ocean surface waves at three sites along the northern coast of Alaska show a strong correlation with seasonal sea ice patterns. In the winter, ice cover is complete, and waves are absent. In the spring and early summer, sea ice retreats regionally, but landfast ice persists near the coast. The landfast ice completely attenuates waves formed farther offshore in the open water, causing up to a two‐month delay in the onset of waves near shore. In autumn, landfast ice begins to reform, though the wave attenuation is only partial due to lower ice thickness compared to spring. The annual cycle in the observations is reproduced by the ERA5 reanalysis product, but the product does not resolve landfast ice. The resulting ERA5 bias in coastal wave exposure can be corrected by applying a higher‐resolution ice mask, and this has a significant effect on the long‐term trends inferred from ERA5.
Capillary Heterogeneity Linked to Methane Lateral Migration in Shallow Unconfined Aquifers
Authors: Ershadnia Reza , Wallace Corey D. , Hosseini Seyyed Abolfazl , Dai Zhenxue , Soltanian Mohamad Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate mechanisms that enhance lateral methane (CH4) plume migration in shallow aquifers that exhibit complex and multiscale sedimentary architecture. We show how heterogeneity in capillary pressure characteristics related to the sedimentary architecture causes gaseous CH4 to spread over larger areas by retarding, deviating, or blocking upward buoyancy‐driven CH4 migration. Simplifying or ignoring capillary pressure heterogeneity thus leads to overestimation of leaked CH4 to the atmosphere, and underestimation of mobile gaseous CH4 in aquifer. We show, both qualitatively and quantitatively, that meter‐scale sedimentary stratification contributes more to CH4 plume migration than the millimeter‐ and centimeter‐scale strata comprising them. Results indicate that the extent of gaseous CH4 leakage, and its associated impacts on groundwater quality and global warming, cannot be accurately assessed unless the sedimentary architecture and resulting heterogeneity in capillary pressure are represented.
A Simulation Study on the New Transport Pathways of Global Tropopause Dust Layer
Authors: Zhu Qingzhe , Liu Yuzhi , Shao Tianbin , Luo Run , Tan Ziyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious study of the tropopause aerosol layer is focused on the region surrounding the Tibetan Plateau. However, other transport pathways of the tropopause aerosol layer remain unclear. In this study, by simulating the dusts from different dust sources individually, we detected the Ethiopian Plateau and the Rocky Mountains are two new transport pathways of the global tropopause dust layer (GTDL). In addition, the contributions of different dust sources to the GTDL were quantified, the mass concentration percentage of dusts originating from Indian Peninsula in the GTDL at 100 hPa is 31.5%, which is the largest, followed by those of dusts from Middle East and Northwestern East Asia, dusts from North Africa contribute 17.3% to the GTDL at 100 hPa, which is the smallest. Our results demonstrate the existence of multiple transport pathways of the tropopause aerosol layer and clearly provide the contributions of each dust source to the GTDL.
Groundwater Affects the Geomorphic and Hydrologic Properties of Coevolved Landscapes
Authors: Litwin David G. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Harman Ciaran J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe hydrologic dynamics and geomorphic evolution of watersheds are intimately coupled—runoff generation and water storage are controlled by topography and properties of the surface and subsurface, while also affecting the evolution of those properties over geologic time. However, the large disparity between their timescales has made it difficult to examine interdependent controls on emergent hydrogeomorphic properties, such as hillslope length, drainage density, and extent of surface saturation. In this study, we develop a new model coupling hydrology and landscape evolution to explore how runoff generation affects long‐term catchment evolution, and analyze numerical results using a nondimensional scaling framework. We focus on hydrologic processes dominating in humid climates where storm runoff primarily arises from shallow subsurface flow and from precipitation on saturated areas. The model solves hydraulic groundwater equations to predict the water‐table elevation given prescribed, constant groundwater recharge. Water in excess of the subsurface capacity for transport becomes overland flow, which generates shear stress on the surface and may detach and transport sediment. This affects the landscape form that in turn affects runoff generation. We show that (a) four dimensionless parameters describe the possible steady state landscapes that coevolve under steady recharge; (b) hillslope length increases with increasing transmissivity relative to the recharge rate; (c) three topographic metrics—steepness index, Laplacian curvature, and topographic index—together provide a basis for interpreting landscapes that have coevolved with runoff generated via shallow subsurface flow. Finally we discuss the possibilities and limitations for quantitative comparisons between the model results and real landscapes.
Assessing the Role of Photochemistry in Driving the Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter in Glacier Runoff
Authors: Holt Amy D. , Kellerman Anne M. , Li Wenbo , Stubbins Aron , Wagner Sasha , McKenna Amy , Fellman Jason , Hood Eran , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) in glacier runoff is aliphatic‐rich, yet studies have proposed that DOM originates mainly from allochthonous, aromatic, and often aged material. Allochthonous organic matter (OM) is exposed to ultraviolet radiation both in atmospheric transport and post‐deposition on the glacier surface. Thus, we evaluate photochemistry as a mechanism to account for the compositional disconnect between allochthonous OM sources and glacier runoff DOM composition. Six endmember OM sources (including soils and diesel particulate matter) were leached and photo‐irradiated for 28 days in a solar simulator, until >90% of initial chromophoric DOM was removed. Ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry was used to compare the molecular composition of endmember leachates pre‐ and post‐irradiation to DOM in supraglacial and bulk runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet and Juneau Icefield (Alaska), respectively. Photo‐irradiation drove molecular level convergence between the initially aromatic‐rich leachates and aromatic‐poor glacial samples, selectively removing aromatic compounds (−80 ± 19% relative abundance) and producing aliphatics (+75 ± 35% relative abundance). Molecular level glacier runoff DOM composition was statistically indistinguishable to post‐irradiation leachates. Bray‐Curtis analysis showed substantial similarity in the molecular formulae present between glacier samples and post‐irradiation leachates. Post‐irradiation leachates contained 84 ± 7.4% of the molecular formulae, including 72 ± 17% of the aliphatic formulae, detected in glacier samples. Our findings suggest that photodegradation, either in transit to or on glacier surfaces, could provide a mechanistic pathway to account for the disconnect between proposed aromatic, aged sources of OM and the aliphatic‐rich fingerprint of glacial DOM.
The development of microfabricated solenoids with magnetic cores for micromagnetic neural stimulation
Authors: Khalifa Adam , Zaeimbashi Mohsen , Zhou Tony X. , Abrishami Seyed Mahdi , Sun Neville , Park Seunghyun , Šumarac Tamara , Qu Jason , Zohar Inbar , Yacoby Amir , Cash Sydney , Sun Nian X. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrical stimulation via invasive microelectrodes is commonly used to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Despite its remarkable success, the stimulation performance is not sustainable since the electrodes become encapsulated by gliosis due to foreign body reactions. Magnetic stimulation overcomes these limitations by eliminating the need for a metal-electrode contact. Here, we demonstrate a novel microfabricated solenoid inductor (80 µm × 40 µm) with a magnetic core that can activate neuronal tissue. The characterization and proof-of-concept of the device raise the possibility that micromagnetic stimulation solenoids that are small enough to be implanted within the brain may prove to be an effective alternative to existing electrode-based stimulation devices for chronic neural interfacing applications.
Mutant p53 elicits context-dependent pro-tumorigenic phenotypes
Authors: McCann Jennifer J. , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , McNair Christopher , Gallagher Peter , Neupane Neermala Poudel , de Leeuw Renée , Shafi Ayesha A. , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Mandigo Amy C. , Schiewer Matthew J. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe tumor suppressor geneTP53is the most frequently mutated gene in numerous cancer types, including prostate cancer (PCa). Specifically, missense mutations inTP53are selectively enriched in PCa, and cluster to particular “hot spots” in the p53 DNA binding domain with mutation at the R273 residue occurring most frequently. While this residue is similarly mutated to R273C-p53 or R273H-p53 in all cancer types examined, in PCa selective enrichment of R273C-p53 is observed. Importantly, examination of clinical datasets indicated thatTP53heterozygosity can either be maintained or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurs. Thus, to mimic tumor-associated mutant p53, R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 isogenic PCa models were developed in the presence or absence of wild-type p53. In the absence of wild-type p53, both R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 exhibited similar loss of DNA binding, transcriptional profiles, and loss of canonical tumor suppressor functions associated with wild-type p53. In the presence of wild-type p53 expression, both R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 supported canonical p53 target gene expression yet elicited distinct cistromic and transcriptional profiles when compared to each other. Moreover, heterozygous modeling of R273C-p53 or R273H-p53 expression resulted in distinct phenotypic outcomes in vitro and in vivo. Thus, mutant p53 acts in a context-dependent manner to elicit pro-tumorigenic transcriptional profiles, providing critical insight into mutant p53-mediated prostate cancer progression.
(R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine differentially affect memory as a function of dosing frequency
Authors: Riggs Lace M. , An Xiaoxian , Pereira Edna F. R. , Gould Todd D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA single subanesthetic infusion of ketamine can rapidly alleviate symptoms of treatment-resistant major depression. Since repeated administration is required to sustain symptom remission, it is important to characterize the potential untoward effects of prolonged ketamine exposure. While studies suggest that ketamine can alter cognitive function, it is unclear to what extent these effects are modulated by the frequency or chronicity of treatment. To test this, male and female adolescent (postnatal day [PD] 35) and adult (PD 60) BALB/c mice were treated for four consecutive weeks, either daily or thrice-weekly, with (R,S)-ketamine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or its biologically active metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK; 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Following drug cessation, memory performance was assessed in three operationally distinct tasks: (1) novel object recognition to assess explicit memory, (2) Y-maze to assess working memory, and (3) passive avoidance to assess implicit memory. While drug exposure did not influence working memory performance, thrice-weekly ketamine and daily (2R,6R)-HNK led to explicit memory impairment in novel object recognition independent of sex or age of exposure. Daily (2R,6R)-HNK impaired implicit memory in the passive-avoidance task whereas thrice-weekly (2R,6R)-HNK tended to improve it. These differential effects on explicit and implicit memory possibly reflect the unique mechanisms by which ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK alter the functional integrity of neural circuits that subserve these distinct cognitive domains, a topic of clinical and mechanistic relevance to their antidepressant actions. Our findings also provide additional support for the importance of dosing frequency in establishing the cognitive effects of repeated ketamine exposure.
The m6A “reader” YTHDF1 promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through translational control of ZNF839
Authors: Liu Tao , Zheng Xinfeng , Wang Chenglong , Wang Chuandong , Jiang Shengdan , Li Bo , Chen Pengbo , Xu Wenning , Zheng Huoliang , Yang Runze , Huang Xingxu , Zhang Xiaoling , Jiang Leisheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is required for differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, its intrinsic mechanisms are largely unknown. To identify the possible role of m6A binding protein YTHDF1 in hBMSCs osteogenesis in vivo, we constructed Ythdf1 KO mice and showed that depletion of Ythdf1 would result in decreased bone mass in vivo. Both deletion of Ythdf1 in mouse BMSCs and shRNA-mediated knockdown of YTHDF1 in hBMSCs prevented osteogenic differentiation of cells in vitro. Using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) sequencing and RIP-sequencing, we found that ZNF839 (a zinc finger protein) served as a target of YTHDF1. We also verified its mouse homolog, Zfp839, was translationally regulated by Ythdf1 in an m6A-dependent manner. Zfp839 potentiated BMSC osteogenesis by interacting with and further enhancing the transcription activity of Runx2. These findings should improve our understanding of the mechanism of BMSC osteogenesis regulation and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Impact of high energy oral nutritional supplements consumed in the late afternoon on appetite, energy intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in females with lower BMI
Authors: Fatima Sadia , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Wright Charlotte , Malkova Dalia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background/Objective
Morning consumption of a single dose of high-energy oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in females with a lower BMI displaces some of the food eaten at breakfast but increases overall daily energy intake. This study investigated the effectiveness of ONS intake in the late afternoon and for longer duration.

Subjects/Methods
Twenty-one healthy females (mean ± SD, age 25 ± 5 years; BMI 18.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated in a randomised, crossover study with two experimental trials. In the afternoon of days 1–5, participants consumed either ONS (2.510 MJ) or low-energy PLACEBO drink (0.377 MJ) and recorded food eaten at home. On day six, energy intake was measured during buffet meals, and energy expenditure, appetite measurements and blood samples were collected throughout the day.

Result
Over the 5-day period, in the ONS trial energy intake from evening meals was lower (ONS, 2.7 ± 0.25 MJ; Placebo, 3.6 ± 0.25 MJ, P = 0.01) but averaged total daily energy intake was higher (ONS, 9.2 ± 0.3 MJ; PLACEBO, 8.2 ± 0.4 MJ, P = 0.03). On day six, energy intake, appetite scores, plasma GLP-1 and PYY, and energy expenditure were not significantly different between the two trials but fasting insulin concentration and HOMAIR, were higher (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity score based on fasting insulin and TAG lower (P < 0.05) in ONS trial.

Conclusion
Late afternoon consumption of ONS for five consecutive days by females with a lower BMI has only a partial and short-lived energy intake suppression and thus increases daily energy intake but reduces insulin sensitivity.
Burdens of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 by severity of acute infection, demographics and health status
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) have been characterized; however, the burden of PASC remains unknown. Here we used the healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 181,384 people with COVID-19 and 4,397,509 non-infected controls and estimated that burden of PASC—defined as the presence of at least one sequela in excess of non-infected controls—was 73.43 (72.10, 74.72) per 1000 persons at 6 months. Burdens of individual sequelae varied by demographic groups (age, race, and sex) but were consistently higher in people with poorer baseline health and in those with more severe acute infection. In sum, the burden of PASC is substantial; PASC is non-monolithic with sequelae that are differentially expressed in various population groups. Collectively, our results may be useful in informing health systems capacity planning and care strategies of people with PASC.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic huntingtin inclusions exhibit distinct biochemical composition, interactome and ultrastructural properties
Authors: Riguet Nathan , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Maharjan Niran , Burtscher Johannes , Croisier Marie , Knott Graham , Hastings Janna , Patin Alice , Reiterer Veronika , Farhan Hesso , Nasarov Sergey , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the strong evidence linking the aggregation of the Huntingtin protein (Htt) to the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), the mechanisms underlying Htt aggregation and neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the ultrastructural properties and protein composition of Htt cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions in mammalian cells and primary neurons overexpressing mutant exon1 of the Htt protein. Our findings provide unique insight into the ultrastructural properties of cytoplasmic and nuclear Htt inclusions and their mechanisms of formation. We show that Htt inclusion formation and maturation are complex processes that, although initially driven by polyQ-dependent Htt aggregation, also involve the polyQ and PRD domain-dependent sequestration of lipids and cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal proteins related to HD dysregulated pathways; the recruitment and accumulation of remodeled or dysfunctional membranous organelles, and the impairment of the protein quality control and degradation machinery. We also show that nuclear and cytoplasmic Htt inclusions exhibit distinct biochemical compositions and ultrastructural properties, suggesting different mechanisms of aggregation and toxicity.
Long-lived Paleoproterozoic eclogitic lower crust
Authors: Buntin Sebastian , Artemieva Irina M. , Malehmir Alireza , Thybo Hans , Malinowski Michal , Högdahl Karin , Janik Tomasz , Buske Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nature of the lower crust and the crust-mantle transition is fundamental to Earth sciences. Transformation of lower crustal rocks into eclogite facies is usually expected to result in lower crustal delamination. Here we provide compelling evidence for long-lasting presence of lower crustal eclogite below the seismic Moho. Our new wide-angle seismic data from the Paleoproterozoic Fennoscandian Shield identify a 6–8 km thick body with extremely high velocity (Vp ~ 8.5–8.6 km/s) and high density (>3.4 g/cm3) immediately beneath equally thinned high-velocity (Vp ~ 7.3–7.4 km/s) lowermost crust, which extends over >350 km distance. We relate this observed structure to partial (50–70%) transformation of part of the mafic lowermost crustal layer into eclogite facies during Paleoproterozoic orogeny without later delamination. Our findings challenge conventional models for the role of lower crustal eclogitization and delamination in lithosphere evolution and for the long-term stability of cratonic crust.