bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10 Gbit s−1 Free Space Data Transmission at 9 µm Wavelength With Unipolar Quantum Optoelectronics
Authors: Dely Hamza , Bonazzi Thomas , Spitz Olivier , Rodriguez Etienne , Gacemi Djamal , Todorov Yanko , Pantzas Konstantinos , Beaudoin Grégoire , Sagnes Isabelle , Li Lianhe , Davies Alexander Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Grillot Frédéric , Vasanelli Angela , Sirtori Carlo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFree space optics data transmission with bitrate in excess of 10 Gbit s−1 is demonstrated at 9 µm wavelength by using a unipolar quantum optoelectronic system at room temperature, composed of a quantum cascade laser, a modulator, and a quantum cascade detector. The large frequency bandwidth of the system is set by the detector and the modulator that are both high frequency devices, while the laser emits in continuous wave. The amplitude modulator relies on the Stark shift of an absorbing optical transition in and out of the laser frequency. This device is designed to avoid charge displacement, and therefore it is characterized by an intrinsically large bandwidth and very low electrical power consumption. This demonstration of high‐bitrate data transmission sets unipolar quantum devices as the most performing platform for the development of optoelectronic systems operating at very high frequency in the mid‐infrared for several applications, such as digital communications and high‐resolution spectroscopy.
Single‐Shot Reference‐Free Holographic Imaging using a Liquid Crystal Geometric Phase Diffuser
Authors: Oh Jeonghun , Lee KyeoReh , Park YongKeun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has been recently demonstrated that wavefront information can be directly measured using the speckle‐correlation scattering method. The realization of speckle‐correlation scattering requires the use of a diffusive layer; however, it poses technical challenges in characterizing the transmission matrix of the diffusive layer or precisely fabricating an engineered random metasurface. Herein, liquid crystal geometric phase diffusers are exploited for single‐shot reference‐free holographic imaging based on speckle‐correlation scattering. It is demonstrated that the use of a commercial geometric phase diffuser provides precise holographic measurements in a simple imaging setup, with no calibration required. This low‐cost, simple, and high‐resolution wavefront sensing approach inspired by liquid crystal materials may find direct applications in metrology, industrial inspection, and biophotonics.
Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation by Homogeneous Crystal Nuclei in Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Foaming
Authors: Longo Alessandra , Di Maio Ernesto , Di Lorenzo Maria Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel method to enhance and control bubble nucleation in poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) foaming, not relying on external nucleating agents, is presented. Amorphous PLLA is annealed at temperatures close to its glass transition, to allow local alignment of polymer chains in the form of nanosized aggregates, called homogeneous crystal nuclei (HCN). PLLA containing HCN is then foamed after sorption of CO2 at 120 °C and 10 MPa. Under the chosen experimental conditions, HCN can promote growth of PLLA spherulites that can be controlled by thermal‐pressure history. Foam morphology is strongly affected by the presence of HCN, which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for bubbles. Resulting foams are characterized by a bimodal morphology, with bubbles of about 50–70 µm in diameter developed in the bulk, and much smaller cells of few µm, grown upon pre‐existing crystal aggregates. The method detailed here to attain PLLA foams with tailored morphology can be exploited also for other semicrystalline polymers.
LIVECHART Patient‐Reported Outcome Tool for Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Chueluecha Chuenchom , Moore Austen Peter 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany tools used for recording the response to botulinum toxin treatment are disease‐specific, observer‐based and cumbersome to implement in service settings, especially where clinics treat a variety of disorders. Physicians, clinics, researchers, and patients themselves could benefit from a practical and generic patient‐reported outcome tool. The Liverpool botulinum toxin effects chart (LIVECHART) is a patient‐administered questionnaire developed and used informally over 25 years in a major UK botulinum toxin treatment clinic. In preparation for more formal validation studies, this cross‐sectional study aimed to understand how well LIVECHART captures the effects of botulinum toxin treatment, using patients with cervical dystonia as exemplars.MethodsLIVECHART questionnaires were completed by 90 patients with cervical dystonia who had each experienced at least three previous botulinum toxin injection cycles with completed LIVECHARTs.ResultsThere were significant positive correlations between Likert scores (major deterioration—major benefit) for botulinum toxin treatment effects, and measures derived from weekly visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0–100), including (1) baseline to peak effect, (2) Area Under the benefit Curve (AUC) of current cycle, (3) peak effect duration, (4) duration of acceptable benefit, (5) time back to baseline. The AUC of the current cycle was positively correlated with (1) VAS change baseline to peak effect, and (2) week worn off completely.ConclusionsWe conclude that LIVECHART has high internal consistency and reliability. It adequately reflects amplitude, duration and overall benefit of botulinum toxin treatment, and is worth further formal evaluation to determine its validity and reliability.
The use of DOSY experiments to determine the solution structures of coinage metal pyrazolates: The case of {[3,5‐(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Benito María Teresa , Elguero José , Doyagüez Elisa García , Patterson Monika R. , Jimeno María Luisa , Dias H. V. Rasika , Reviriego Felipe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of DOSY experiments have been carried out to determine the solution stoichiometry of silver(I) 3,5‐bis (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate species. This compound exists as a trimer in the solid state (n = 3) but in solutions of chlorinated solvents, the DOSY data suggest the presence of a mixture of solvent stabilized monomer (n = 1) and dimer (n = 2) in equilibrium. Different approximations have been used including the Stokes–Einstein and the Stokes–Einstein–Gierer–Wirtz equations. Some methodological problems are discussed.
Multimorbidity and healthcare utilization among Black Americans: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahn Sangwoo , Bartmess Marissa , Lindley Lisa C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimRacial disparities between multimorbidity presence and healthcare utilization are present within the United States, but less is known about the relationship between multimorbidity presence and healthcare utilization among Black Americans. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between multimorbidity and healthcare utilization among Black Americans.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study (n = 425, 57% female) used adult level data from the 2012–2013 Connecticut Health Care Survey.ResultsMultivariate logistic regressions indicated that multimorbidity presence predicted a doctor and a specialist visit, but not a dentist visit.ConclusionThis study identified multimorbidity presence as a predictor for healthcare utilization, but further research is necessary to understand healthcare utilization experiences among Black Americans with multimorbidity to assess the quality of care. Appropriate measures should also be considered to increase access to dental care for Black Americans with multimorbidity.
Do Physicians Warm Up to Higher Medicare Prices? Evidence from Alaska
Authors: Chen Alice J. , Munnich Elizabeth L. , Parente Stephen T. , Richards Michael R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedicare is a roughly $700 billion public program, with physician payments representing one of its largest expenditures. Medicare's prices are also administratively set, which leaves the structure of payment changes subject to a political process that may introduce idiosyncratic features and even perverse incentives. At the same time, physician responses to changes in Medicare reimbursements are likely to vary according to the policy's duration, scope, and size. We study a setting where broad federal laws contained specific provisions that financially benefit a narrow group: Alaskan physicians. The geographically targeted payment reforms were also unique along key dimensions. Using difference‐in‐differences strategies, we find that large, temporary price changes increase spending but elicit no detectable supply response. Conversely, generous and permanent price shocks induce greater service flows but not uniformly across specialties. Our findings suggest that Congress may engage in fiscally inefficient Medicare spending to accomplish other legislative objectives.
A Hilbert space framework for sensitivity filtering and vertex morphing
Authors: Rosandi Rozan , Simeon Bernd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA common problem in structural optimization is the formation of checkerboard patterns due to numerical instabilities. One way to mitigate it is to consider regularization techniques such as the application of a smoothing filter during the optimization procedure. This approach leads to what is now called sensitivity filtering, which has become a popular method in the engineering community due to easy implementation and applicability to large‐scale optimization problems. However, the method suffers from a lack of mathematical foundation and theoretical justification [1,2].In an attempt to merge sensitivity filtering into the standard optimization technology, a framework for sensitivity filtering in conjunction with mesh‐free methods and node‐based optimization was developed in [3]. The resulting method is referred to as vertex morphing. Intermediate design iterations of the method exhibit certain desirable properties, depending on the choice of filter radius, such as the attenuation of high‐frequency modes and the preservation of tiny details in the initial design. Since they can be seen as valid design choices, the method is usually stopped before convergence.In this contribution, we provide a mathematical foundation for the vertex morphing method and establish a connection with known regularization techniques. We consider design variables as fields defined on some domain D ⊆ ℝd that can be written as

urn:x-wiley:16177061:media:PAMM202100258:pamm202100258-math-0001

where k ∈ L2 (D × D) is an integral kernel and p ∈ L2 (D) is the control variable. With this formulation, the so‐called filtering rules, which form the basis for the design update rules, can be derived rigorously. To analyze the behavior of the method, we regard the linear least squares problem and show that the intermediate results correspond to some regularized solution to the problem. A comparison between the vertex morphing method and other regularization techniques is made for the linear least squares problem and the compliance minimization of a thin shell structure, which is based on the assumed natural deviatoric strain (ANDES) formulation [4].
Benign prostatic hyperplasia/obstruction ameliorated using a soluble guanylate cyclase activator
Authors: Zabbarova Irina V , Ikeda Youko , Kozlowski Mark G , Tyagi Pradeep , Birder Lori A , Chakrabarty Basu , Perera Subashan KPG , Dhir Rajiv , Straub Adam C , Sandner Peter , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Drake Marcus J , Fry Christopher H , Kanai Anthony J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a feature of ageing males. Up to half demonstrate bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including bladder overactivity. Current therapies to reduce obstruction, such as α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists and 5α‐reductase inhibitors, are not effective in all patients. The phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor (PDE5I) tadalafil is also approved to treat BPH and LUTS, suggesting a role for nitric oxide (NO•), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and cGMP signalling pathways. However, PDE5I refractoriness can develop for reasons including nitrergic nerve damage and decreased NO• production, or inflammation‐related oxidation of the sGC haem group, normally maintained in a reduced state by the cofactor cytochrome‐b5‐reductase 3 (CYB5R3). sGC activators, such as cinaciguat (BAY 58‐2667), have been developed to enhance sGC activity in the absence of NO• or when sGC is oxidised. Accordingly, their effects on the prostate and LUT function of aged mice were evaluated. Aged mice (≥24 months) demonstrated a functional BPH/BOO phenotype, compared with adult animals (2–12 months), with low, delayed voiding responses and elevated intravesical pressures as measured by telemetric cystometry. This was consistent with outflow tract histological and molecular data that showed urethral constriction, increased prostate weight, greater collagen deposition, and cellular hyperplasia. All changes in aged animals were attenuated by daily oral treatment with cinaciguat for 2 weeks, without effect on serum testosterone levels. Cinaciguat had only transient (1 h) cardiovascular effects with oral gavage, suggesting a positive safety profile. The benefit of cinaciguat was suggested by its reversal of an overactive cystometric profile in CYB5R3 smooth muscle knockout mice that mirrors a profile of oxidative dysfunction where PDE5I may not be effective. Thus, the aged male mouse is a suitable model for BPH‐induced BOO and cinaciguat has a demonstrated ability to reduce prostate‐induced obstruction and consequent effects on bladder function. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Acoustic performance of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Influencing factors, future scope, challenges, and applications
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Chaudhary Vijay , Ahmad Furkan , Manral Ankit , Gupta Sumit , Gupta Pallav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNoise pollution caused by urbanization and industrial development must be effectively controlled to provide a pleasant living atmosphere. Different synthetic fiber materials have good acoustic performance, yet synthetic fiber materials have a high cost and have adverse effect on the environment. Natural fibers are a good alternative to synthetic fibers in terms of acoustic properties and they are also less expensive and have less environmental impact. Several factors affects the acoustic behavior of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). The present article focuses on the effect of different processing methods, reinforcement architecture, fiber diameter, laminate thickness and density on the acoustic performance of NFRPCs. Reinforcement architecture has been proved to be the best option in order to tailor the various acoustic properties of the composite laminates without even changing other physical properties. The challenges, future scope and potential applications of natural fibers in acoustic applications (home theaters, offices, cinema halls, automobiles, etc.) have also been discussed.
Registration of ‘TN14‐5021’, a conventional soybean cultivar with elevated seed protein and resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3, and 5
Authors: Pantalone Vince , Fallen Ben , Wyman Chris , Cunicelli Mia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘TN14‐5021’ (Reg. no. CV‐543, PI 699124) is a late maturity group IV (relative maturity 4.9) determinate conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the University of Tennessee soybean breeding program. Soybean cultivars with resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) race 2 are rare, but race 2 is becoming a predominant SCN population infecting farmers’ fields in regions of the U.S. Southeast and Mid‐South. TN14‐5021 also conveys resistance to stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. caulivora K.L. Athow & R.M. Caldwell] and strong resistance to SCN races 3 and 5. In replicated trials across 70 environments from the Mid‐South to the Southeast, TN‐5021 showed high yield potential and adaptation to a broad range of growing conditions. TN14‐5021 has white flowers and gray pubescence. The pods have a tan pod coat, and the seeds are yellow with smooth seed coats. Across 48 environments over a 4‐yr period, with testing locations from Kansas to Alabama, TN14‐5021 averaged 406 and 226 g kg–1 protein and oil content, respectively. In comparison, the average protein and oil content of commercial cultivars grown in the same tests averaged 397 and 224 g kg–1, respectively. Its high yield coupled with elevated seed protein concentration and nematode resistance package make TN14‐5021 a valuable cultivar for Tennessee and the Mid‐South region.
Old dog, new tricks: Polydatin as a multitarget agent for current diseases
Authors: Ye Penghui , Wu Hefei , Jiang Yinxiao , Xiao Xiaolin , Song Dan , Xu Nuo , Ma Xiao , Zeng Jinhao , Guo Yaoguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolydatin (PD) is a natural single‐crystal product that is primarily extracted from the traditional plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Early research showed that PD exhibited a variety of biological activities. PD has attracted increasing research interest since 2014, but no review comprehensively summarized the new findings. A great gap between its biological activities and drug development remains. It is necessary to summarize new findings on the pharmacological effects of PD on current diseases. We propose that PD will most likely be used in cardiac and cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion‐related diseases and atherosclerosis in the future. The present work classified these new findings according to diseases and summarized the main effects of PD via specific mechanisms of action. In summary, we found that PD played a therapeutic role in a variety of diseases, primarily via five mechanisms: antioxidative effects, antiinflammatory effects, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and lipid regulation.
Bayesian sequential monitoring of density estimates
Authors: Shamp Wright , Linero Antonio , Chicken Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider sequentially estimating the density of univariate data. We utilize Pólya trees to develop a statistical process control (SPC) methodology. Our proposed methodology monitors the distribution of the sequentially observed data and detects when the generating density differs from an in‐control standard. We also propose an approximation that merges the probability mass of multiple possible changepoints to curb computational complexity while maintaining the accuracy of the monitoring procedure. We show in simulation experiments that our approach is capable of quickly detecting when a changepoint has occurred while controlling the number of false alarms, and performs well relative to competing methods. We then use our methodology to detect changepoints in high‐frequency foreign exchange (Forex) return data.
Density functional theory study of graphene adhesion on WX2 (X = S and Se) monolayer: Role of atom vacancy and atomic reorganization defects
Authors: Sangolkar Akanksha Ashok , Pooja  , Faizan Mohmmad , Agrawal Rubi , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDefects usually play an important role in the modification of the properties of materials. In this investigation, atom vacancy and atomic reorganization defects in various heterostructures obtained using different pristine (or defect‐free) and defective transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with pristine and defective graphene have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Results reveal that: (i) the contact of pristine and defective graphene with various pristine and defective TMDCs is energetically stable, (ii) the stability of these heterostructures driven by dispersion interaction, (iii) the presence of defect significantly influences the work function of the resulting heterostructure, (iv) the pristine graphene/pristine TMDCs heterostructures are metallic in nature with large Schottky barrier (ΦSBH), (v) the heterostructures involving defective graphene are direct band gap semiconductors, (vi) the heterostructures involving defective WS2 are also direct band gap semiconductors, and (vii) the SW defective graphene with pristine WS2/WSe2 forms type‐II heterojunction.
Saturated fatty acids intake is associated with muscle atrophy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sebe Mayu , Tsutsumi Rie , Senoura Satoka , Kishi Jun , Iuchi Marina , Mishima Yuna , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. , Kuroda Masashi , Harada Nagakatsu , Nakaya Yutaka , Kinoshita Seizo , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Sakaue Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, abnormal body composition, and an increased risk for sarcopenia. Muscle wasting in turn increases the risk of infection, morbidity, and premature mortality, but little is known of the relation between nutrient intake and sarcopenia in RA.MethodsA prospective cohort study with follow‐up for 1 year examined body composition and diet in female outpatients with RA. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess which factors might have contributed to this loss of muscle mass. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a forward–backward stepwise selection was also analysed. SKG/Jcl mice, which develop RA spontaneously, were fed normal chow or a high‐fat diet (HFD) and evaluated for inflammation and muscle mass.ResultsA total 53 female patients were included. The median age was 57.0 years, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 49.5 to 62.0 years, and the median disease duration was 4.0 years, with an IQR of 2.0 to 9.0 years. Fourteen patients (26.4%) had skeletal muscle mass index below the cut‐off for sarcopenia (≤5.7 kg/m2) as defined by the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the intake of saturated fatty acids was associated with a >5% decrease in skeletal muscle index of RA patients over 1 year [odds ratio 95% confidence interval 1.431 (1.082–1.894), P = 0.012]. In 9 weeks old SKG/Jcl mice, HFD feeding precipitated the onset of RA and exacerbated rheumatoid synovitis in association with the induction of T helper 17 cell differentiation. The serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly higher in HFD‐fed RA mice than in normal chow (NC)‐fed RA mice or in HFD‐fed control mice (IL‐6; 3.8 vs. 32.2 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Moreover, the HFD increased expression of the genes for the ubiquitin ligases atrogin‐1 and muscle‐specific RING‐finger protein‐1 (MuRF‐1) in skeletal muscle and elicited a marked loss of muscle mass in these mice (atrogin‐1; 1.72‐fold, MuRF‐1; 1.24‐fold in HFD‐fed mice). HFD‐fed RA mice showed a significant decrease in the weight of gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus and muscle volume of the lower limbs compared with NC‐fed RA mice or HFD‐fed control mice at 14 weeks of age.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the consumption of saturated fat may be related to muscle loss in RA patients, and they may therefore provide a basis for a new dietary intervention strategy to prevent muscle wasting associated with this disease.
A CF3SO2Na‐Mediated Photocatalytic Strategy for Aerobic C3‐H Fluoroalkoxylation of Quinoxalinones with Fluoroalkyl Alcohols
Authors: You Guirong , Yan Jizhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA practical, sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate‐mediated C3‐H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalinones with fluoroalkyl alcohols under transition‐metal‐ and additives‐free conditions had been developed, exhibitting high‐efficiency and comprehensive functional group tolerance. Various quinoxalinones could undergo this transformation smoothly and provide the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.