bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotisch assistierte Nierenlebendspende – technische Aspekte und erste Evidenz
Authors: Glatz Torben , Brinkmann Sebastian , Bausch Dirk 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie minimalinvasive Nephrektomie zur Lebendspende hat sich über die letzten 2 Jahrzehnte zum Standard in den meisten Transplantationszentren entwickelt und hat zu einer Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität beim Spender beigetragen. Die robotisch assistierte Technik stellt eine Alternative zur herkömmlichen (handassistierten) laparoskopischen Technik dar und wird in der Zukunft vermehrt Anwendung finden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit gehen wir anhand unserer eigenen Erfahrungen auf technische Aspekte der robotischen Nephrektomie ein und geben einen Überblick über die aktuell verfügbare Literatur. Die robotisch assistierte Nierenlebendspende ist ein sicherer Eingriff mit einer sehr geringen postoperativen Komplikationsrate. Ein Vorteil des Eingriffs gegenüber der offenen Operationstechnik liegt in einer Reduktion des postoperativen Analgetikabedarfs und einer vergleichsweise reduzierten Krankenhausverweildauer bei jedoch verlängerter Operations- und Warmischämiezeit ohne
messbaren Effekt auf die Transplantatfunktion. Die Ergebnisse entsprechen im Wesentlichen denen der laparoskopischen Technik, wobei sich eine weitere Beschleunigung der postoperativen Rekonvaleszenz andeutet. Die Vorteile der robotisch assistierten Technik liegen aufgrund der besseren Expositionsmöglichkeiten vornehmlich bei Patienten mit hohem BMI und multiplen Nierenarterien sowie bei rechtsseitigen Nephrektomien, bei denen eine längere Transplantatarterie gewonnen werden kann. Die robotisch assistierte Nierenlebendspende ist aus der Zukunft der Transplantationschirurgie nicht mehr wegzudenken und stellt eine ernst zu nehmende Alternative zur herkömmlichen laparoskopischen Technik dar.
Ausbildung von Entnahmechirurgen abdomineller Organe in Deutschland – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Rauchfuß Falk , Dondorf Felix , Braun Felix , Schemmer Peter , Schnitzbauer Andreas Anton , Vogel Thomas , Schleicher Christina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Entnahme abdomineller Organe zur Transplantation ist ein hochspezialisierter Eingriff, der den 1. Schritt zu einer erfolgreichen Transplantation darstellt. Im folgenden Artikel soll ein Überblick über die organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen, die derzeitige Ausbildung der Entnahmechirurgen in Deutschland sowie die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen gegeben und diese auch im internationalen Kontext diskutiert werden.
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure
Authors: Shen Xianyue , Qin Yanguo , Zuo Jianlin , Liu Tong , Xiao Jianlin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough most studies have introduced risk factors related to anterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction failure, studies on combinations of
high-risk factors are rare. To provide a systematic review of the risk
factors of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction failure to guide
surgeons through the decision-making process, an extensive literature search
was performed of the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Studies
published between January 1, 2009, and September 19, 2019, regarding the
existing evidence for risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction failure or graft failure were included in this review. Study
quality was evaluated with the quality index. Ultimately, 66 articles met
our criteria. There were 46 cases classified as technical factors, 21 cases
as patient-related risk factors, and 14 cases as status of the knee joint.
Quality assessment scores ranged from 14 to 24. This systematic review
provides a comprehensive summary of the risk factors for anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction failure, including technical factors,
patient-related factors, and the factors associated with the status of the
knee joint. Emphasis should be placed on avoiding these high-risk
combinations or correcting modifiable risk factors during preoperative
planning to reduce the rate of graft rupture and anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction failure.
Immediate Effects of two Isometric Calf Muscle Exercises on
Mid-portion Achilles Tendon Pain
Authors: Bradford Ben , Rio Ebonie , Murphy Myles , Wells Jacob , Khondoker Mizanur , Clarke Celia , Chan York , Chester Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this randomized, cross-over pilot study were to determine
whether isometric plantarflexion exercises resulted in an immediate change
in Achilles tendon pain during a loading task, and whether this differed in
knee extension or flexion. Eleven participants with mid-portion Achilles
tendinopathy were recruited from NHS community physiotherapy services and
local running clubs. Participants were then randomized to complete an
isometric calf muscle exercise with the knee fully extended or flexed to
80°. Participants switched to the alternate exercise after a minimum
seven-day period. Achilles tendon pain during a specific, functional load
test was measured on a 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) pre- and
post-intervention. There was a small, immediate, mean reduction in pain
following isometric plantar flexion performed in both knee extension (1.6,
95%CI 0.83 to 2.45, p=0.001) and knee flexion (1.3,
95%CI 0.31 to 2.19, p=0.015). There were no significant
differences between the two positions. A non-significant, potentially
clinically relevant finding was a 20% larger reduction in symptoms
in knee extension versus flexion (p=0.110). In conclusion, isometric
plantarflexion holds gave an approximately 50% immediate reduction
in Achilles tendon pain with a functional load test. There were no
significant differences between the two positions and both were well
tolerated.
Online-Lehre in der Chirurgie
Authors: König Sarah , Datta Rabi Raj , Flemming Sven , Kauffels-Sprenger Anne , Rüsseler Miriam , Sterz Jasmina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Online-Lehre werden schon seit Langem in der chirurgischen Ausbildung für das Medizinstudium diskutiert. Sie gewinnt im Zuge der fortschreitenden
Digitalisierung und nicht zuletzt aufgrund des aktuellen Pandemiegeschehens eine besondere Bedeutung. Immer drängender stellen sich Fragen zu den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Online-Lehre,
was sich aktuell unter dem Entwicklungsdruck bereits bewährt hat, und wie zukunftsträchtige Konzepte gestaltbar sind. Dieser Artikel adressiert die Rahmenbedingungen und die verschiedenen
Online-Lehrformate in der Chirurgie und zeigt das Spannungsfeld zwischen technischer Machbarkeit, Umsetzungserfahrungen und didaktischer Zielerreichung auf.
ESPRAS Survey on Breast Reconstruction in Europe
Authors: Giunta Riccardo E. , Hansson Emma , Moellhoff Nicholas , Elander Anna , Andresen Carolina , Athanasopoulos Elias , Benedetto Giovanni di , Celebic Aleksandra Bozovic , Caulfield Robert , Costa Horacio , Demirdöver Cenk , Georgescu Alexandru , Hemelryck Thierry van , Henley Mark , Kappos Elisabeth A. , Karabeg Reuf , Karhunen-Enckell Ulla , Korvald Christian , Mortillet Stephane de , Murray Dylan J. , Palenčár Drahomír , Piatkowski Andrzej , Pompeo Fabio Santanelli di , Psaras Georgios , Rakhorst Hinne , Rogelj Klemen , Rosenkrantz Hölmich Lisbet , Schaefer Dirk J. , Spendel Stephan , Stepic Nenad , Vandevoort Marc , Vasar Olavi , Waters Ruth , Zic Rado 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The European Leadership Forum (ELF) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ESPRAS) previously identified the need for harmonisation of breast reconstruction standards in Europe, in order to strengthen the role of plastic surgeons. This study aims to survey the status, current trends and potential regional differences in the practice of breast reconstruction in Europe, with emphasis on equity and access.
Materials and Methods A largescale web-based questionnaire was sent to consultant plastic and reconstructive surgeons, who are experienced in breast reconstruction and with understanding of the national situation in their country. Suitable participants were identified via the Executive Committee (ExCo) of ESPRAS and national delegates of ESPRAS. The results were evaluated and related to evidence-based literature.
Results A total of 33 participants from 29 European countries participated in this study. Overall, the incidence of breast reconstruction was reported to be relatively low across Europe, comparable to other large geographic regions, such as North America. Equity of provision and access to breast reconstruction was distributed evenly within Europe, with geographic regions potentially affecting the type of reconstruction offered. Standard practices with regard to radiotherapy differed between countries and a clear demand for European guidelines on breast reconstruction was reported.
Conclusion This study identified distinct lack of consistency in international practice patterns across European countries and a strong demand for consistent European guidance. Large-scale and multi-centre European clinical trials are required to further elucidate the presented areas of interest and to define European standard operating procedures.
Synthesis of Fused Diaziridine Derivatives from Cyclic Secondary Amines by Utilizing N-Bromosulfonamides as an Aminating Reagent
Authors: Minakata Satoshi , Kiyosu Yuuki , Tanaka Shino , Okumura Sota , Kiyokawa Kensuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of fused diaziridines, which are difficult to access by existing methods, was achieved by the reaction of cyclic secondary amines with p-toluenesulfonamide in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and a suitable base. This oxidation system enables the efficient in situ formation of the key intermediates, which are N-bromoamines (a precursor of cyclic imines) and N-bromosulfonamides. In addition, an alternative method using N-bromo-N-sodio-p-toluenesulfonamide (bromamine-T) in the presence of a catalytic amount of CF3CO2H for the synthesis of fused diaziridines is also reported.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed CO-Gas-Free Arylative Dual-Carbonylation of Alkynes with Arylboronic Acids via the Formyl C–H Activation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Morimoto Tsumoru , Wang Chuang , Tanimoto Hiroki , Artok Levent , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rhodium(I)-catalyzed reaction of alkynes with aryl­boronic acids in the presence of formaldehyde results in a CO-gas-free arylative dual-carbonylation to produce γ-butenolide derivatives. The simultaneous loading of phosphine-ligated and phosphine-free rhodium(I) complexes is required for efficient catalysis. The former complex catalyzes the abstraction of a carbonyl moiety from formaldehyde through the activation of its formyl C–H bond (decarbonylation) and the latter catalyzes the subsequent dual-incorporation of the resulting carbonyl unit (carbonylation). The use of larger amounts of the phosphine-ligated rhodium(I) complex generates more carbonyl units, leading to the formation γ-butenolides via the dual-incorporation of the carbonyl unit.
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Radical Alkoxycarbonylation of Activated Alkenes with Carbazates toward Alkoxycarbonylated Benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Tang Yucai , Zhang Xiangyang , Li Min , Huang Hongxin , Wang Feifei , Hu Xia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA FeCl2·4H2O-catalyzed oxidative alkoxycarbonylation of activated alkenes with carbazates toward alkoxycarbonylated benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones has been established. The reaction proceeded smoothly to furnish a series of structurally diverse benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one frameworks in moderate to good yield.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization of Enynes through Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Bond Activation Triggered by Formation of Rhodacycle
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Sato Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Shunki , Agata Shuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhodium(I)-catalyzed enantioselective cyclization of enynes through C(sp3)–H bond activation was investigated. It was found that the cyclization of enynes having a tert-butyl moiety on the alkene afforded a spirocyclic compound (up to 92% ee), while the cyclization of enynes having an isopropyl or an ethyl group on the alkene gave a cyclic diene (up to 98% ee). Furthermore, an intermolecular competition reaction using a deuterium-labeled substrate revealed that C(sp3)–H bond activation was one of the key steps, having a high energy barrier, in this cyclization.
Highly Fluorinated Trianglimine Macrocycles: A Supramolecular Organic Framework
Authors: Kunde Tom , Pausch Tobias , Schmidt Bernd M. , Reiss Guido J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel highly fluorinated dialdehyde was prepared by a two-stage synthesis. This reactive building block for dynamic imine chemistry was used in a condensation reaction to generate the first extensively fluorinated trianglimine. An analysis of the material properties and, especially, the crystal structure of the [3+3] macrocycle revealed a supramolecular organic framework with tubular porous channels. The use of fluorinated ligands to generate hydrophobic electron-deficient channel-like pores is an important addition to the ever-expanding field of supramolecular networks and to trianglimine chemistry in general.
The Freestyle Valve in Severe Necrotizing Aortic Root Endocarditis: Comorbidity Upon Outcome
Authors: Hansen Lorenz , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Klusmeier Michael , Hillebrand Mathias , Tulun Aysun , Pannek Nora , Rieß Friedrich-Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Treatment of severe necrotizing aortic root endocarditis (SNARE) carries a substantial perioperative risk. As an alternative to homografts, we assessed short-term outcome and future prognosis in patients undergoing root replacement using the Freestyle valve.
Methods Between 2000 and 2018, a total of 45 patients (mean age 70.9 ± 8.3 years, 66% men) underwent aortic root replacement for SNARE using the Freestyle valve. Mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality score and EuroScore II were 22.6% ± 17.1 and 29.3% ± 20.9, respectively. Prosthetic endocarditis was present in 70.1%, and aortic annulus patch repair was performed in 64% of the patients. Median follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 0.1–14.5) and was 100% complete.
Results The 30-day mortality was 15.5%. During follow-up, there were no reoperations, while reinfection was suspected in one patient. Survival was significantly inferior to the general population with a standardized mortality ratio of 10.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1–12.6) (p < 0.0001). In 30-day survivors and after correction for significant comorbidities in a Cox proportional hazards model, estimated survival probabilities at 1, 5, and 10 years were 98.7 (95% CI: 92.5–99.8%), 94.1 (77.9–98.5%), and 63.8 (28.4–85.2%). Estimated mean difference in survival probability was better for the general population after postoperative year 6, but within the 95% CI for no difference.
Conclusion Use of the Freestyle valve is reliable solution for the most complex cases with a low rate of reinfection. Early mortality is substantial and caused by the patient's condition and severity of the infection. Excess late mortality can be attributed to patient-specific comorbidities.
Musculoskeletal Health in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Part Two: Bone
Authors: Samad Navira , Nguyen Hanh H. , Ebeling Peter R. , Milat Frances 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccelerated bone loss and muscle loss coexist in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), but there are significant gaps in our understanding of musculoskeletal health in POI. This review describes estrogen signaling in bone and its role in skeletal health and disease. Possible mechanisms contributing to bone loss in different forms of POI and current evidence regarding the utility of available diagnostic tests and therapeutic options are also discussed. A literature review from January 2000 to March 2020 was conducted to identify relevant studies. Women with POI experience significant deterioration in musculoskeletal health due to the loss of protective effects of estrogen. In bone, loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and compromised bone quality result in increased fracture risk; however, tools to assess bone quality such as trabecular bone score (TBS) need to be validated in this population. Timely initiation of HRT is recommended to minimize the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency on bone in the absence of contraindications; however, the ideal estrogen replacement regimen remains unknown. POI is associated with compromised bone health, regardless of the etiology. Ongoing research is warranted to refine our management strategies to preserve bone health in women with POI.
TIVA for ECMO and VAD
Authors: Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Sharan Sandeep , Choudhury Minati 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the use of temporary and permanent use of mechanical assist devices is on the rise for patients with end-stage cardiac failure. These support strategies hold inherently different risks in the face of noncardiac critical illness and require multidisciplinary treatment strategies. The main issues with all mechanical devices whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist device (VAD), are related to thrombosis, anticoagulation, infection, avoiding hypertension and thus use of intravenous drugs, which requires intense monitoring, to circumvent further renal, ischemic or neurological injury and prevent complication.
CON: Propofol Is Better Than Etomidate for Induction in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Ladha Suruchi , Prakash Arvind 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate regarding the choice of ideal induction agent between propofol and etomidate for cardiac surgical patients. Etomidate appears to be better than propofol as the induction agent due to the superior hemodynamic stability. However, the adrenal suppression due to etomidate can pose challenges to the anesthesiologist in certain clinical situations.
Using random assignment to measure court accessibility for low-income divorce seekers
Authors: Greiner D. James , Degnan Ellen Lee , Ferriss Thomas , Sommers Roseanna 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The United States faces an access-to-justice crisis: When the vast majority of individuals encounter the court system—when they face eviction or foreclosure, when they need restraining orders against abuse, when they are sued by debt collectors—they do so without a lawyer, frequently because they cannot afford one. This study exposes that the crisis is more pervasive and extreme than previously understood. Using randomization, it documents how a courthouse in one of the most progressive areas of the country remained largely inaccessible to divorce seekers without lawyers, even though the legal procedures for obtaining a dissolution of marriage—which is a constitutional right—were straightforward, ordinarily requiring little more than filing the right paperwork in the right order.
TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-κB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections
Authors: Yum Seoyun , Li Minghao , Fang Yan , Chen Zhijian J. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe cGAS-STING pathway is important for immune defense against infection and cancer. STING activation triggers multiple signaling cascades leading to activation of IRF3, NF-κB, and autophagy. By generating mice harboring mutations of STING that specifically inactivate different signaling cascades, we found that ablation of IRF3 activation, which is essential for the induction of type I interferons, was not sufficient to abolish the immune defense against virus infection and cancer in mouse models. Rather, impairing the ability of STING to recruit TBK1, which is important for activating both IRF3 and NF-κB, abolished the immune defense functions of STING. These results demonstrate that the recruitment of TBK1 to STING has functions that are broader than activating IRF3 and inducing type I interferons.
Arkoola nigra (black leaf blight of soybean).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. nigra is an ascomycete known only from certain parts of Australia. It was identified after causing substantial losses on soyabeans (Glycine max) as cultivation of that crop was expanded, but its pathogenicity was found to extend to other wild and cultivated legumes, some strictly Australian and others native or naturalized in many other parts of the world (Walker and Stovold, 1986). There was evidence that it could attack non-legumes as well. The fungus was observed to survive in and on soyabean crop debris, and was capable of infecting seeds, but its natural source and life cycle are unknown. Although the fungus is unlikely to be carried by any crop materials exported from Australia, the significant disease it can cause under humid conditions must make it a concern for accidental introduction to other regions.
Capnodium citri (sooty mould).
Authors: Doy Marion 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The impact of sooty mould species may be of little importance economically as the fungi do not obtain food from the crop plant, and mycelial growth is easily removed, leaving the plant surface undamaged. However, sooty moulds affect the ability of the leaf to photosynthesise, thus can lead to early senescence and a reduction in fruit size and quality (Horst, 2008; Ben-Dov and Hodgson, 1997), especially a second crop from an affected tree (Haleem, 1984). Reduced yield due to infection of inflorescences and uneven ripening of fruits have also been recorded as problems associated with sooty mould coverage (Ben-Dov and Hodgson, 1997).
Dickeya solani (black leg disease of potato).
Authors: Saddler Gerry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Dickeya solani is a bacterial pathogen of potato thought to have crossed from horticultural crops in Northern Europe in 2005-2006. The earliest reports of disease on potato are from Belgium and the Netherlands, though it is now present in most European countries and Israel. Symptoms range from blackleg to top wilt in the growing plant and soft rotting of tubers. Symptoms are indistinguishable from those caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum, P. parmentieri (formerly P. wasabiae) (Khayi et al., 2016) and D. dianthicola and control is usually reliant on seed certification schemes to mitigate its worst effects. It should be noted that most losses are attributable to the certification process itself though losses as high as 30% have been recorded in crops grown in Israel. There is no evidence of varietal resistance in potato. D. solani is a highly clonal organism highlighting its recent emergence as a pathogen but also the vulnerability of Europe's highly integrated potato production system.
Chrysomyxa himalensis (needle rust of spruce).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. himalensis is a heteroecious rust completing different stages of its life cycle on different plants. The teleomorph occurs on Rhododendron species in the Himalayan region of southern Asia; an anamorph is reported on Picea species. Although not a major problem in its narrow native range, this rust fungus could be more damaging as an invasive on Picea and Rhododendron. The fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA; it is considered potentially damaging to Rhododendron by CAST (2002). Small amounts of perennial or latent infection may be overlooked, therefore accidental introduction of the rust could occur through importation of infected germplasm by the horticultural industry or by flower enthusiasts.