bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithium im Trinkwasser – Lithium ins Trinkwasser
Authors: Rüger Alexander , Graf Heiko 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine im Jahr 2009 veröffentlichte Studie aus Japan berichtete von einem inversen Zusammenhang zwischen den Lithiumkonzentrationen im Trinkwasser und den Suizidraten in der jeweiligen Region und erreichte damit großes öffentliches Interesse. Etwa 10 Jahre danach war es unserer Ansicht nach an der Zeit zu prüfen, ob sich ein protektiver Effekt von höheren Lithiumkonzentrationen im Trinkwasser auf Suizidraten in der Allgemeinbevölkerung in weiteren Untersuchungen bestätigte. Seit 2009 wurden mehrere, überwiegend ökologische Studien zu diesem Thema veröffentlicht und konnten zumeist den protektiven Effekt einer höheren Lithiumkonzentration im Trinkwasser auf Suizide in mehreren Ländern nachvollziehen. Darüber hinaus berichtete eine Studie von einem möglichen protektiven Effekt von höheren Konzentrationen an Lithium im Trinkwasser auf die Inzidenz von demenziellen Erkrankungen. In diesem Artikel soll die Studienlage zu diesem inversen Zusammenhang zusammenfassend dargestellt, jedoch gleichzeitig auch auf die methodischen Schwächen dieser Untersuchungen hingewiesen werden.
Neuronale Oszillationen als elektrophysiologischer Marker für Defizite der kognitiven Kontrolle bei psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Klaiber Ingo , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Kiefer Markus 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKognitive Kontrollprozesse sind wichtig, um eine Vielzahl an Alltagssituationen erfolgreich zu bewältigen. Bei psychischen Erkrankungen wie Schizophrenie oder Depression wurden Defizite in diesen Kontrollfunktionen beschrieben, wobei das kognitive Syndrom bei Depression in der klinischen Praxis häufig weniger Beachtung findet. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde den neuronalen Oszillationen als Korrelat für kognitive Kontrollleistungen vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet und deren Veränderungen bei psychischen Erkrankungen untersucht. Die oszillatorische elektrische Hirnaktivität, also rhythmische Veränderungen neuronaler Aktivität, kann mit dem Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) gemessen werden. In der Forschung kristallisierte sich dabei die oszillatorische Aktivität im Theta-Frequenzband als neuronales Korrelat von kognitiven Kontrollfunktionen und als wichtig für neuronale Kommunikation heraus. Befunde zeigen, dass Patienten mit Schizophrenie während der Lösung kognitiver Konflikte pathologische Veränderungen in diesem Frequenzband aufweisen. Bei Patienten mit Depression konnten diese Veränderungen noch nicht in solcher Deutlichkeit beschrieben werden. Der vorliegende Artikel führt in grundlegende Konzepte ein und beschreibt neuronale Oszillationen als Biomarker psychischer Erkrankungen, der zur Verbesserung der Diagnostik und Behandlung kognitiver Defizite beitragen könnte.
Palisade technique as an effective endoscopic submucosal dissection tool for large colorectal tumors
Authors: Suzuki Yuichiro , Ohata Ken , Sakai Eiji , Negishi Ryoju , Takita Maiko , Minato Yohei , Muramoto Takeshi , Chiba Hideyuki , Tsuji Yosuke , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the standard treatment for colorectal ESD, but large colorectal tumors remain difficult to remove. We developed a new method, called the palisade technique, by modifying the multiple tunneling technique. In this method, a palisade of submucosal tissue is left beneath the tumor to anchor a dissected specimen, maintaining effective submucosal traction.
Patients and methods The study included 11 patients with large colorectal tumors that were over half the circumference of the colorectal lumen which were treated using the palisade technique from August 2017 to October 2019. Overall resection outcomes were assessed.
Results All 11 lesions were removed en bloc. The R0 resection rate was 45.6 % because of marginal burning of the specimen, but no local recurrence was found after a median observation period of 31 months. The median submucosal dissection time (SDT) and submucosal dissection speed (SDS) were 170 minutes and 23.1 mm2/min, respectively. One case of post-ESD hemorrhage was successfully managed endoscopically, and two cases of post-colorectal ESD coagulation syndrome were managed conservatively.
Conclusion The palisade technique can be an effective and safe technique for treating large colorectal tumors that extend over half the luminal circumference.
White bile in patients with malignant biliary obstruction is an independent factor of poor survival
Authors: Dʼalmeida Rosario , Barbe Coralie , Untereiner Valérie , Ramaholimihaso Fidy , Renard Pascal , Sockalingum Ganesh D. , Garnotel Roselyne , Thiefin Gérard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims White bile is defined as a colorless fluid occasionally found in the biliary tract of patients with bile duct obstruction. Its significance is not clearly established. Our objective was to analyze the prognostic value of white bile in a series of patients with biliary obstruction due to biliary or pancreatic cancer.
Patients and methods The study was conducted on a series of consecutive patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. They all underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with collection of bile and biliary stent insertion. White bile was defined as bile duct fluid with bilirubin level < 20 µmol/L. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with overall survival (OS).
Results Seventy-three patients were included (32 pancreatic cancers, 41 bile duct cancers). Thirty-nine (53.4 %) had white bile. The mean bile duct bilirubin level in this group was 4.2 ± 5.9 µmol/L vs 991 ± 1039 µmol/L in patients with colored bile (P < 0.0001). In the group of 54 patients not eligible for surgery, the multivariate analysis demonstrated an association between the presence of white bile and reduced OS (HR 2.3, 95 %CI 1.1–4.7; P = 0.02). Other factors independently associated with OS were metastatic extension (HR 2.8, 95 %CI 1.4–5.7) and serum total bilirubin (HR 1.003, 95 %CI 1.001–1.006). There was a significant inverse correlation between serum and bile duct bilirubin levels (r = –0.43, P = 0.0001).
Conclusion White bile in patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction is an independent factor of poor survival.
Implementation of colonoscopy quality monitoring in a Belgian university hospital with integrated computer-based extraction of adenoma detection rate
Authors: Ouazzani Sohaib , Lemmers Arnaud , Martinez Federico , Kindt Raphael , Le Moine Olivier , Delhaye Myriam , Arvanitakis Marianna , Demetter Pieter , Devière Jacques , Eisendrath Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Quality in colonoscopy has been promoted in last decade with definition of different quality indicators (QI) as benchmarks. Currently, automatized monitoring systems are lacking, especially for merging pathologic and endoscopic data, which limits quality monitoring implementation in daily practice. We describe an adapted endoscopy reporting system that allows continuous QI recording, with automatic pathological data inclusion.
Material and methods We locally adapted a reporting system for colonoscopy by adding and structuring in a dedicated tab selected key QI. Endoscopic data from a reporting system and pathological results were extracted and merged in a separate database. During the initial period of use, performing physicians were encouraged to complete the dedicated tab on a voluntary basis. In a second stage, completing of the tab was made mandatory. The completeness of QI recording was evaluated across both periods. Performance measures for all endoscopists were compared to global results for the department and published targets.
Results During the second semester of 2017, a total of 1827 colonoscopies were performed with a QI tab completed in 100 % of cases. Among key QI, the cecal intubation rate was 93.8 %, the rate of colonoscopies with adequate preparation was 90.7 %, and the adenoma detection rate was 29.8 % considering all colonoscopies, irrespective of indication; 28.8 % considering screening procedures; and 36.6 % in colonoscopies performed in people older than age 50 years.
Conclusion This study shows that quality monitoring for colonoscopy can be easily implemented with limited human resources by adapting a reporting system and linking it to a pathology database.
Validated High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of JW5624, A New Class Of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitor, in Rat Plasma and its Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of JW5624
Authors: Kim Tae Kon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe developed unique small-molecule inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which had potent activity for HCV entry inhibition and multi-genotypic antiviral activity. In this study, a sensitive and reliable method for the quantitation of JW5624 in rat plasma was developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase (C18) column. The mobile phase, 0.02 M ammonium acetate buffer:acetonitrile (30:70, v/v), was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column eluent was monitored using an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm at room temperature. The retention times of sildenafil (an internal standard), and JW5624 were approximately 5.9 and 7.3 min, respectively. The detection limit of JW5624 in rat plasma was 0.03 μg/mL. Pharmacokinetic parameters of JW5624 was evaluated after intravenous (i. v.; at doses of 5 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.; at doses of 10 mg/kg) administration of JW5624 in rats. After p.o. administration (10 mg/kg) of JW5624, F value was approximately 71.0%. These results suggest that JW5624 can be a potential candidate drug for the development of HCV entry inhibitors.
Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Experience Higher Risk of Complications Compared to the General Population after Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Perdue Jordyn M. , Ortiz Alejandro C. , Parsikia Afshin , Ortiz Jorge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis retrospective analysis aims to identify differences in surgical outcomes between pancreas and/or kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 to 2014, patients who underwent CABG were stratified by either no history of transplant, or history of pancreas and/or kidney transplant. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) to evaluate in-hospital mortality, morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charge in all centers. The analysis was performed for both nonemergency and emergency CABG. Overall, 2,678 KTx (kidney transplant alone), 184 PTx (pancreas transplant alone), 254 KPTx (kidney-pancreas transplant recipients), and 1,796,186 Non-Tx (nontransplant) met inclusion criteria. KPTx experienced higher complication rates compared with Non-Tx (78.3 vs. 47.8%, p < 0.01). Those with PTx incurred greater total hospital charge and LOS. On weighted multivariate analysis, KPTx was associated with an increased risk for developing any complication following CABG (OR 3.512, p < 0.01) and emergency CABG (3.707, p < 0.01). This risk was even higher at transplant centers (CABG OR 4.302, p < 0.01; emergency CABG OR 10.072, p < 0.001). KTx was associated with increased in-hospital mortality following emergency CABG, while PTx and KPTx had no mortality to analyze. KPTx experienced a significantly higher risk of complications compared with the general population after undergoing CABG, in both transplant and nontransplant centers. These outcomes should be considered when providing perioperative care.
Worries and concerns among healthcare workers during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sahashi Yuki , Endo Hirohisa , Sugimoto Tadafumi , Nabeta Takeru , Nishizaki Kimitaka , Kikuchi Atsushi , Matsumoto Shingo , Sato Hiroyuki , Goto Tadahiro , Hasegawa Kohei , Matsue Yuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthcare workers (HCWs) treating and caring for patients with emerging infectious diseases often experience psychological distress. However, the psychological impact and behavior change of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among HCWs are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the worries and concerns of HCWs regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional survey, a web-based questionnaire was distributed among HCWs working in hospitals or clinics across Japanese medical facilities from April 20 to May 1, 2020. The questionnaire comprised items on demographics, worries and concerns, perceptions regarding the sufficiency of information, and behavioral changes pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 4386 HCWs completed the survey; 1648 (64.7%) were aged 30–39 years, 2379 (54.2%) were male, and 782 (18.1%) were frontline HCWs, directly caring for patients with COVID-19 on a daily basis. 3500 HCWs (79.8%) indicated that they were seriously worried about the pandemic. The most frequent concern was the consequence of becoming infected on their family, work, and society (87.4%). Additionally, the majority (55.5%) had restricted social contact and almost all HCWs endorsed a shortage in personal protective equipment (median, 8/9 (interquartile range; 7–9) on a Likert scale). There was no significant difference in the degree of worry between frontline and non-frontline HCWs (8/9 (7–9) vs. 8/9 (7–9), p = 0.25). Frontline HCWs, compared to non-frontline HCWs, were more likely to have the need to avoid contact with families and friends (24.8% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001) and indicated that they cannot evade their professional duty during the COVID-19 pandemic (9/9 (7–9) vs. 8/9 (6–9), p < 0.001). Further, the extremely low proportion of frontline HCWs reported that they would take a leave of absence to avoid infection (1.2%). In conclusions, both frontline and non-frontline HCWs expressed comparable concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Because HCWs, especially frontline HCWs, reported that they cannot be obliged to do avoid their duty, effective mental health protection strategies should be developed and implemented for HCWs.
What do our future teachers think about terrorism and politically motivated violence in the Basque Country?
Authors: Vicent Naiara , Albas Leire , Gillate Iratxe , Ibañez-Etxeberria Alex 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEuskadi Ta Askatasuna—Basque Country and Freedom (ETA) was an armed organisation from the Basque Country and after it declared that it would cease violent actions and subsequently disbanded, the Basque Country has been involved in a peace process. The Adi-adian programme that is part of this process has been implemented as a part of teacher training programmes. By means of a mixed model that combines both qualitative and quantitative elements, the present study has attempted to identify the attitudes of future teachers—prior to implementation of Adi-adian—regarding terrorism and politically motivated violence that occurred in and from the Basque country since 1960, the information they have received with respect thereto, and their opinions as to how the issues are dealt with in the classroom. The results obtained reveal a generally respectful attitude toward human rights and the delegitimisation of violence; lack of satisfaction regarding the information they have received throughout their lives; and, as future teachers, a lack of certainty as to how to approach such issues in the classroom. It was noted that these future teachers had a high degree of motivation and interest with respect to these matters.
Evaluation of dual-task performance with Nintendo Wii-Fit plus in children with specific learning disabilities
Authors: Karabulut Mustafa , Bas Banu , Müjdeci Banu 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate postural stability with Nintendo Wii-Fit Plus in children with special learning disabilities (SLD) and also to investigate the effect of simultaneous cognitive and motor tasks on postural stability.

Methods
The study included 70 children (35 children with SLD and 35 children age-matched normal development). All children were assessed for stability on Nintendo Wii-Fit Plus platform on one-leg stance (OLS). Postural stability percentages were calculated by asking for cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously with the task of standing on OLS.

Results
Children with SLD were found to have poor postural stability scores in comparison with children with normal development with Nintendo Wii-Fit Plus (p < .05). Compared to single task performance in both study and control groups; it was found that the addition of a motor task impaired postural stability, while it was observed that the addition of a cognitive task only affected postural stability in the control group (p < .05).

Conclusion
Postural stability in children with SLD was found to be worse than normal children. Although the addition of concurrent motor task with postural control disrupted postural stability in both normal and SLD children, it was determined that the effect of dual task was more significant in children with SLD. While the addition of cognitive task did not affect the postural stability of children with SLD, the postural stability of normal children was observed to be affected. While performing postural control evaluations of children with SLD, not only posture task but also cognitive and motor dual task performances should be evaluated.
Newtonian calibrator tests during the Virgo O3 data taking
Authors: Estevez D , Mours B , Pradier T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The gravitational-wave detectors outputs from the LIGO and Virgo collaborations have been a source of scientific results of prime importance in various domains such as astrophysics, cosmology or fundamental physics. With the upgrades of the detectors and their improved sensitivities, new challenges are set for these instruments calibration. A calibration method based on the local variations of the Newtonian gravitational field could be the next absolute reference of calibration for the interferometers network. We report new tests of Newtonian calibrators (NCal) on the advanced Virgo detector performed during the LIGO–Virgo observing run O3. The NCal-induced strain on a mirror of the interferometer has been computed both using analytical calculations and numerical simulations with results in very good agreement. The strains given by the numerical model have been used to analyse the data of the NCals and have been compared to the reference method of calibration using photon radiation pressure. New methods to measure the NCal to mirror distance and the NCal offset with respect to the plane of the interferometer using two NCals are also presented. They are used to correct the NCal data which improves the agreement with the current advanced Virgo reference of calibration.
The Advanced Virgo photon calibrators
Authors: Estevez D , Lagabbe P , Masserot A , Rolland L , Seglar-Arroyo M , Verkindt D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the sensitivities of LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA detectors improve, calibration of the interferometers (ITFs) output is becoming more and more important and may impact scientific results. For the observing run O3, Virgo used for the first time photon calibrators (PCals) to calibrate the ITF, using radiation pressure of a modulated auxiliary laser beam impinging on the Advanced Virgo end mirrors. Those optical devices, also used in LIGO, are now the calibration reference for the global gravitational wave detectors network. The intercalibration of LIGO and Virgo PCals, based on the same absolute reference called the gold standard, has allowed to remove a systematic bias of 3.92% that would have been present in Virgo calibration using the PCal. The uncertainty budget on the PCal-induced displacement of the end mirrors [North end (NE) and West end (WE)] of Advanced Virgo has been estimated to be 1.36% for O3a and 1.40% on NE PCal (resp. 1.74% on WE PCal) for O3b. This uncertainty is the limiting one for the global calibration of Advanced Virgo. It is expected to be reduced below ∼1% for the next observing runs.
On quantum determinants in integrable quantum gravity
Authors: Runov B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Einstein–Rosen waves with two polarizations are cylindrically symmetric solutions to vacuum Einstein equations. Einstein equations in this case reduce to an integrable system. In 1971, Geroch has shown that this system admits an infinite-dimensional group of symmetry transformations known as the Geroch group. The phase space of this system can be parametrized by a matrix-valued function of spectral parameter, called monodromy matrix. The latter admits the Riemann–Hilbert factorization into a pair of transition matrices, i.e. matrix-valued functions of spectral parameter such that one of them is holomorphic in the upper half-plane, and the other is holomorphic in the lower half-plane. The classical Geroch group preserves the determinants of transition and monodromy matrices by construction. The algebraic quantization of the quadratic Poisson algebra generated by transition matrices of Einstein–Rosen system was proposed by Korotkin and Samtleben in 1997. Paternain, Peraza and Reisenberger have recently suggested a quantization of the Geroch group, which can be considered as a symmetry of the quantum algebra of observables. They have shown that commutation relations involving quantum monodromy matrices are preserved by the action of the quantum Geroch group. In present paper we introduce the notion of the determinant of the quantum monodromy matrix. We derive a factorization formula expressing the quantum determinant of the monodromy matrix as a product of the quantum determinants of the transition matrices. The action of the quantum Geroch group is extended from the subalgebra generated by the monodromy matrixonto the full algebra of observables. This extension is used to prove that the quantum determinant of the quantum monodromy matrix is invariant under the action of quantum Geroch group.
Matching conditions in locally rotationally symmetric spacetimes and radiating stars
Authors: Khambule Pretty N , Goswami Rituparno , Maharaj Sunil D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We recast the well known Israel–Darmois matching conditions for locally rotationally symmetric (LRS-II) spacetimes using the semitetrad 1 + 1 + 2 covariant formalism. This demonstrates how the geometrical quantities including the volume expansion, spacetime shear, acceleration and Weyl curvature of two different spacetimes are related at a general matching surface inheriting the symmetry, which can be timelike or spacelike. The approach is purely geometrical and depends on matching the Gaussian curvature of two-dimensional sheets at the matching hypersurface. This also provides the constraints on the thermodynamic quantities on each spacetime so that they can be matched smoothly across the surface. As an example we regain the Santos boundary conditions and model of a radiating star matched to a Vaidya exterior in general relativity.