bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential neural activity patterns mediate learning across contexts in a social cichlid fish
Authors: Rodriguez-Santiago Mariana , Jordan Alex , Hofmann Hans A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLearning and decision-making are greatly influenced by the social context surrounding individuals. When navigating a complex social world, individuals must quickly ascertain where to gain important resources and which group members are useful sources of such information. Such dynamic behavioral processes require neural mechanisms that are flexible across contexts. Here we examined how the social context influences the learning response during a visual cue discrimination task and the neural activity patterns that underlie acquisition of this novel information. Using the cichlid fish,Astatotilapia burtoni, we show that learning of the task is faster in social groups than in a non-social context. We quantified the expression of Fos, an immediate-early gene, across candidate brain regions known to play a role in social behavior and learning, such as the putative teleost homologues of the mammalian hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and medial amygdala/BNST complex. We found that neural activity patterns differ between social and non-social contexts. Our results suggest that while the same brain regions may be involved in the learning of a discrimination task independent of social context, activity in each region encodes specific aspects of the task based on context.
PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitatingWt1translation
Authors: Chen Min , Dong Fangfang , Chen Min , Shen Zhiming , Wu Haowei , Cen Changhuo , Cui Xiuhong , Bao Shilai , Gao Fei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is the major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine. Here, we found PRMT5 was expressed at high level in ovarian granulosa cells of growing follicles. Inactivation ofPrmt5in granulosa cells resulted in aberrant follicle development and female infertility. InPrmt5-knockout mice, follicle development was arrested with disorganized granulosa cells in which WT1 expression was dramatically reduced and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes was significantly increased. The premature differentiated granulosa cells were detached from oocytes and follicle structure was disrupted. Mechanism studies revealed thatWt1expression was regulated by PRMT5 at the protein level. PRMT5 facilitated IRES-dependent translation ofWt1mRNA by methylating HnRNPA1. Moreover, the upregulation of steroidogenic genes inPrmt5-deficient granulosa cells was repressed byWt1overexpression. These results demonstrate PRMT5 participates in granulosa cell lineage maintenance by inducingWt1expression. Our study uncovers a new role of post-translational arginine methylation in granulosa cell differentiation and follicle development.
MetaMutationalSigs: Comparison of mutational signature refitting results made easy
Authors: Pandey Palash , Arora Sanjeevani , Rosen Gail 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSummaryThe analysis of mutational signatures is becoming increasingly common in cancer genetics, with emerging implications in cancer evolution, classification, treatment decision and prognosis. Recently, several packages have been developed for mutational signature analysis, with each using different methodology and yielding significantly different results. Because of the nontrivial differences in tools’ refitting results, researchers may desire to survey and compare the available tools, in order to objectively evaluate the results for their specific research question, such as which mutational signatures are prevalent in different cancer types. There is a need for a software that can aggregate results from different refitting packages and present them in a user-friendly way to facilitate effective comparison of mutational signatures.Availability and implementationMetaMutationalSigs is implemented using R and python and is available for installation using Docker and available at:https://github.com/EESI/MetaMutationalSigsContactGail Rosen (glr26@drexel.edu).Supplementary informationMore information about the package including test data and results are available athttps://github.com/EESI/MetaMutationalSigs
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines drive differential Fc-functional profiles in pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant women
Authors: Atyeo Caroline , DeRiso Elizabeth A. , Davis Christine , Bordt Evan A. , DeGuzman Rose M. , Shook Lydia L. , Yonker Lael M. , Fasano Alessio , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Elovitz Michal A. , Gray Kathryn J. , Edlow Andrea G. , Alter Galit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSignificant immunological changes occur throughout pregnancy to tolerize the mother and allow growth of the fetal graft. However, additional local and systemic immunological adaptations also occur, allowing the maternal immune system to continue to protect the dyad against foreign invaders both during pregnancy and after birth through lactation. This fine balance of tolerance and immunity, along with physiological and hormonal changes, contribute to increased susceptibility to particular infections in pregnancy, including more severe COVID-19 disease. Whether these changes also make pregnant women less responsive to vaccination or induce altered immune responses to vaccination remains incompletely understood. To holistically define potential changes in vaccine response during pregnancy and lactation, we deeply profiled the humoral vaccine response in a group of pregnant and lactating women and non-pregnant age-matched controls. Vaccine-specific titers were comparable, albeit slightly lower, between pregnant and lactating women, compared to non-pregnant controls. Among pregnant women, we found higher antibody titers and functions in those vaccinated with the Moderna vaccine. FcR-binding and antibody effector functions were induced with delayed kinetics in both pregnant and lactating women compared to non-pregnant women. Antibody boosting resulted in high FcR-binding titers in breastmilk. These data point to an immune resistance to generate highly inflammatory antibodies during pregnancy and lactation, and a critical need to follow prime/boost timelines in this vulnerable population to ensure full immunity is attained.
Bipartite functional fractionation within the neural system for social cognition supports the psychological continuity of selfvs.other
Authors: Chiou Rocco , Cox Christopher R. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch of social neuroscience establishes that regions in the brain’s default network (DN) and semantic network (SN) are engaged by socio-cognitive tasks. Research of the human connectome shows that DN and SN regions are both situated at the high-order end of cortical gradient but differ in their positions on this gradient. In the present study, we integrated these two bodies of research, used the psychological continuity of selfvs.other as a ‘test-case’, and used fMRI to investigate whether these networks would encode social concepts differently. We found a robust dissociation between the DN and SN – while both networks contained sufficient information for decoding broad-stroke distinction of social categories, the DN carried more generalisable information for cross-classifying across social distance and emotive valence than did the SN. We also found that the overarching distinction of selfvs.other was a principal divider of the representational space while social distance was an auxiliary factor (subdivision, nested within the principal dimension), and this representational landscape was more manifest in the DN than in the SN. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how insights from connectome research can benefit social neuroscience, and have implications for clarifying the two networks’ differential contributions to social cognition.
Species boundaries among extremely diverse and sexually dimorphicArrenuruswater mites (Acariformes: Hydrachnidiae: Arrenuridae)
Authors: Więcek Mariusz , Broda Łukasz , Proctor Heather , Dabert Miroslawa , Smith Bruce P. , Dabert Jacek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArrenurus(Arrenuridae) is the most species-rich genus of mites with about 950 named species that inhabit standing, and to a lesser extent, running water habitats around the world. To date, distinguishing species ofArrenurushas been based on male reproductive morphology. Here, we use morphological and molecular approaches to examine species boundaries among 42 named species ofArrenurus, including four named species that have colour variants (red and greenA. americanus, and red and blueA. intermedius, A. manubriatorandA. apetiolatus), and two unnamed morphospecies. In this study, we examine male genital structures with the use of SEM techniques, and apply mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (28S rRNA) gene fragments to test whether male morphology reflects species boundaries inArrenurusassessed by molecular analyses. Our results reveal that male reproductive morphology parallels species boundaries as judged by molecular data. We discuss the cases of genetically poorly diversified, yet morphologically clearly defined named species. Moreover, we show that based on the species we examined, colour morphs within otherwise morphologically similar specimens represent within-species variation and, in the absence of other diagnostic traits, colour itself can be misleading in distinguishing species. Our outcomes on molecular taxonomy ofArrenurusprovide a background for testing hypotheses about speciation rate in water mites.
Substitutions and codon usage in SARS-CoV-2 in mammals indicate natural selection and host adaptation
Authors: Lei Zhixiong , Zhang Dan , Yang Ruiping , Li Jian , Du Weixing , Liu Yanqing , Tan Huabing , Liu Zhixin , Liu Long 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, rapidly spread to create a global pandemic and has continued to spread across hosts from humans to animals, transmitting particularly effectively in mink. How SARS-CoV-2 evolves in animals and humans and the differences in the separate evolutionary processes remain unclear. We analyzed the composition and codon usage bias of SARS-CoV-2 in infected humans and animals. Compared with other animals, SARS-CoV-2 in mink had the most substitutions. The substitutions of cytidine in SARS-CoV-2 in mink account for nearly 50% of the substitutions, while those in other animals represent only 30% of the substitutions. The incidence of adenine transversion in SARS-CoV-2 in other animals is threefold higher than that in mink-CoV (the SARS-CoV-2 virus in mink). A synonymous codon usage analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 is optimized to adapt in the animals in which it is currently reported, and all the animals showed decreased adaptability relative to that of humans, except for mink. A binding affinity analysis indicated that the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 variant in mink showed a greater preference for binding with the mink receptor ACE2 than with the human receptor, especially as the mutation Y453F and F486L in mink-CoV lead to improvement of binding affinity for mink receptor. Our study focuses on the divergence of SARS-CoV-2 genome composition and codon usage in humans and animals, indicating possible natural selection and current host adaptation.
Localizing Brain Function Based on Full Multivariate Activity Patterns: The Case of Visual Perception and Emotion Decoding
Authors: David Isaac , Barrios Fernando A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultivariate statistics and machine learning methods have become a common tool to extract information represented in the brain. What is less recognized is that, in the process, it has become more difficult to perform data-driven discovery and functional localization. This is because multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) studies tend to restrict themselves to a subset of the available data, or because sound inference to map model parameters back to brain anatomy is lacking. Here, we present a high-dimensional (including brain-wide) multivariate classification pipeline for the detection and localization of brain functions during tasks. In particular, we probe it at visual and socio-affective states in a task-oriented functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Classification models for a group of human participants and existing rigorous cluster inference methods are used to construct group anatomical-statistical parametric maps, which correspond to the most likely neural correlates of each psychological state. This led to the discovery of a multidimensional pattern of macroscale brain activity which reliably encodes for the perception of happiness in the visual cortex, lingual gyri and the posterior perivermian cerebellum. We failed to find similar evidence for sadness and anger. Anatomical consistency of discriminating features across subjects and contrasts despite the high number of dimensions suggests MVPA is a viable tool for a complete functional mapping pipeline, and not just the prediction of psychological states.Abstract Figure
Cytoplasmic pressure maintains epithelial integrity and inhibits cell motility
Authors: Chengappa Pragati , Jones Tia M. , Cowan James M. , Kainth Devneet , Petrie Ryan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCytoplasmic pressure, a function of actomyosin contractility and water flow, can regulate cellular morphology and dynamics. In mesenchymal cells, cytoplasmic pressure powers cell protrusion through physiological three-dimensional extracellular matrices. However, the role of intracellular pressure in epithelial cells is relatively unclear. Here we find that high cytoplasmic pressure is necessary to maintain barrier function, one of the hallmarks of epithelial homeostasis. Further, our data show that decreased cytoplasmic pressure facilitates lamellipodia formation during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Critically, activation of the actin nucleating protein Arp2/3 is required for the reduction in cytoplasmic pressure and lamellipodia formation in response to treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to induce EMT. Thus, elevated cytoplasmic pressure functions to maintain epithelial tissue integrity, while reduced cytoplasmic pressure triggers lamellipodia formation and motility during HGF-dependent EMT.
Distilling agency in BIM-induced change in work practices
Authors: Akintola Adeyemi Ayodele , Venkatachalam Senthilkumar , Root David , Oti Akponanabofa Henry 
Published: April 2021

PurposeCritics of claims about building information modeling’s (BIM’s) capability to revolutionize construction industry practices describe it as overhyped, fallacious and therefore suggest that there is need for a more critical examination of its change impacts. Others have posited that the changes BIM induces are evolutionary rather than revolutionary. In this vein, the purpose of this paper was to undertake a careful analysis of the nature of such changes to distil actual changes that happened, and the type of agency that brings such changes about.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from appropriate qualitative research strategies, data was collected through key informant interviews from consulting organizations in South Africa that have implemented BIM within their organizations and on projects.FindingsChanges in organizations’ work practices were evident in their workflows, formal/informal methods of interaction, norms, leadership and authority structures, remuneration and the way work was conceived or conceptualized. Furthermore, changes in organizational work practices do not solely occur through the direct agency of the BIM tool’s implementation. Instead, BIM-induced change occurs by delegated, conditional and needs-based agency – which are not mutually exclusive.Originality/valueThe nature of changes in professional work practices could be misconstrued as being solely because of the actions of agents who actively participate in implementing BIM. The discussion in the literature has, therefore, been advanced from general to specific theoretical understandings of BIM-induced change, which emphasize the need for construction stakeholders to actively participate in developing the innovations that drive change in the industry rather than hand the power to drive change to BIM authoring and management application developers who have less stake in the industry.
From Ebola to COVID-19: what explains institutionalized manias and the ultimate preference for non-optimal solutions in global health governance?
Authors: Ahen Frederick 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how “manias” in global health governance lead to health inequalities even before, during and in the aftermath of acute health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. “Manias” as used here refer to obsessive ir/rational behaviors, misguided policy/strategic choices and the exercise of power that benefit the major global health actors at the expense of stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
From post-colonial and historical perspectives, this study delineates how the major global health actors influence outcomes in global health governance and international business when they interact at the national–global level using an illustration from an emerging economy.

Findings
Power asymmetry in global health governance is constructed around the centralization of economic influence, medico-techno-scientific innovation and the geopolitical hegemony of a conglomerate of super-rich/powerful actors. They cluster these powers and resources in the core region (industrialized economies) and use them to influence the periphery (developing economies) through international NGOs, hybrid organizations, MNCs and multilateral/bilateral agreements. The power of actors to maintain manias lies in not only how they influence the periphery but also the consequences of the periphery’s “passivity” and “voluntary” renunciation of sovereignty in medical innovations and global health policies/politics.

Social implications
As a quintessential feature of manias, power asymmetry makes it harder for weaker actors to actually change the institutional conditions that produce structural inequalities in global health.

Originality/value
This timely and multidisciplinary study calls for a novel architecture of global health governance. Thus, democratizing global health governance with sufficiently foresighted investments that prioritize equitable access by and the inclusiveness of vulnerable stakeholders will help dismantle institutionalized manias while decreasing health inequalities.
Reversal of language hierarchy and the politics of translation in a multinational corporation
Authors: Ristolainen Jonna , Outila Virpi , Piekkari Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain the reversal of language hierarchy in a Finnish multinational corporation (MNC) from a political perspective. This paper situated the language hierarchy in the historical context of the colonial-style relationship between Finland and Russia. From a post-colonial perspective, the colonial legacy of Russia has had an influence on language strategy and everyday translation work in the Finnish multinational until the present day.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper undertook a case study based on qualitative secondary analysis of existing data sets. These data sets originated from two previously conducted studies of the same Finnish MNC.

Findings
The findings revealed a reversal of the traditional corporate language hierarchy. Russian, as the host country language of powerful local subsidiaries, rose to the top of the hierarchy at the expense of English, the common corporate language, and other languages. The colonial-style relationship was enacted by professional and paraprofessional translators who collaborated by using “the master’s language and imitating the master’s voice” to reap the strategic benefits of local responsiveness.

Originality/value
In contrast to previous work drawing on post-colonial theory in the study of MNCs, this paper represents the headquarters in Finland as the “colonised” party and the Russian subsidiaries as the “coloniser.” Owing to its colonial legacy, Russian, the host country language, became very powerful and influenced the language strategy of the entire MNC. This paper conceptualized translation as a multilevel phenomenon and offers a holistic explanation of why the language hierarchy in the Finnish MNC was reversed.
When and how does perceived overqualification lead to turnover intention? A moderated mediation model
Authors: Vinayak Riya , Bhatnagar Jyotsna , Agarwal Madhushree Nanda 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe study is aimed at developing and testing a theoretical model where psychological capital acts as the intervening mechanism explicating the relationship between perceived overqualification (POQ) and turnover intention. It also explores how perceived supervisor support (PSS) influences the mediating role of psychological capital in the perceived overqualification and turnover intention association.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the model through a sample data of 314 workers employed in the Indian IT service sector. IBM SPSS and SPSS AMOS software were utilized for conducting analysis and testing the model involving first-stage moderated mediation.FindingsThe study confirms that perceptions of overqualification have a positive relationship with turnover intentions. Further, it finds that the positive association between POQ and turnover intention will be mediated by psychological capital. The results reflected that perceived supervisor support shall weaken the relationship between perceptions of overqualification and psychological capital.Originality/valueThe research is amongst the limited researches which look at the influence of psychological capital and perceived supervisor support with regards to POQ. It attempts to lay down the underlying psychological mechanism of POQ and highlight the role played by perceived supervisor support.