bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Medium-Assisted Inverse Bulge Pre-Forming and Deep Drawing Composite Forming Process for Improving Forming Performance of the Cylindrical Parts
Authors: Mu Yuan Yuan , Li Feng , Li Chao , Zang Yun Qi , Xu Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the poor plasticity of aluminum alloy at room temperature, it is difficult to form thin-walled and complex curved parts. This paper proposes a composite method of inverse bulge pre-forming deep drawing based on intelligent magnetorheological (MR) fluid materials. Through the experiments and finite element modeling of cylindrical parts with drawing ratios of K1=2.125 and K2=2.25 were carried out under different forming conditions. The effect of soft mold medium on the drawing forming of cylindrical parts was studied. The research results show that the uniformity of the wall thickness of the parts is enhanced after using the soft mold medium. When the inverse bulge height is about 9mm and 5mm, the wall thickness variance of the cylindrical part is 0.0023 and 0.0025 pectively, which is reduced by 86.31% and 82.8% respectively. In the pre-forming stage, as the height of inverse bulge is increased, the maximum equivalent stress moves from the fillet area of the blank holder to the outer surface of the highest point of the bulging area. Taking drawing ratio of K1=2.125 as an example, the circumferential compressive stress in the flange area decreases and is distributed unifomly under the back pressure and soft drawbeads, the radial stress gradient and equivalent stress gradient at the fillet of die are reduced; For cylindrical parts with drawing ratios of K1=2.125 and K2=2.25, when the inverse bulge height is 9mm and 5mm, the forming effect of the part is the best.
Antioxidant, nutritional and physicochemical quality of yoghurt produced from milk- based fermentation mix enhanced with food spices
Authors: OM Ogunyemi , GA Gyebi , Raheemat Shaibu , MM Fabusiwa , COO Olaiya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Utilization of natural additives, which could meet the growing need for ‘clean label’ and value addition with respect to diseases prevention and health promotion in humans, is a current interest in the yoghurt industry. In this study, yoghurt recipes derived from standard milk -based fermentation mix enhanced with African black pepper (ABP), Turmeric, or Cloves extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, nutritional and physico-chemical quality. Each fermentation mix was pasteurized; inoculated with 0.5% industrial starter culture containing Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (1:1); and then allowed to ferment in fermentation tank for 9 hours at 40OC. The results revealed that, clove- enriched yoghurt recipe exhibit the strongest antioxidant capacity as indicated by significant increase (p < 0.05) in total phenolics, total flavonoids, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, Ferric ion reducing power (FRAP), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation but also reduced apparent viscosity and organoleptic properties. Similarly, ABP increased the antioxidant characteristics, with increased protein content and gel viscosity. Turmeric extracts significantly increased (p < 0.05) the calcium content and reduced syneresis. In conclusion, fermentation of milk-based mix containing ABP extract resulted in yoghurt which combines improved antioxidant characteristics with increased protein and enhanced techno-functionality.
Prospective study on intracranial pressure waveform morphology and its relationship with the development of obesity in rats
Authors: Marine Diego Adorna , Alves João Manoel , Sene-Fiorese Marcela , Arrais Cristina , Mattielo Stela Marcia , Teixera Jeferson Ancelmo , Furino Vanessa Oliveira , Santos Carla Nascimento Rodrigues dos , Borra Ricardo Carneiro , Duarte Ana Claudia Garcia Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Obesity accumulates fat in the body may cause hypertension and change intracranial pressure waveform morphology (ICP). However, not clear how and when it occurs. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the ICP waveform morphology and P2/P1 ratio during the development of obesity. Sixteen 45-day-old male Wistar rats, after 60 days of adaptation were divided into non-obese (NOB, n = 7) and obese (OB, n = 9). The OB group received a high-fat diet and the NOB group received a standard diet for 24 weeks. ICP, body composition, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate(HR) were assessed every 4 weeks. Two-Way ANOVA was used for the area under the curve with Bonferroni's test, or Student's t-test for BP, and HR. Body mass(BM) and body fat(BF) and fat-free mass(FFM) were higher in OB rats. There was no difference in BP, but there was a difference in HR, greater in OB. The ICP decreased by NOB. These results suggest that the increase in BM and BF caused obesity, and BM can explain the increase in FFM. Although we did not find pathological states of ICP, NOB demonstrated better brain compliance, and the upward trend in the P2 waveform in OB may indicate impairment to the ICP of OB rats.
Eggshell membrane promotes homeostasis of elastic skin and lung tissue associated with type III collagen and decorin expression and ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin mouse model
Authors: Ohto-Fujita Eri , Shimizu Miho , Atomi Aya , Hatakeyama Nozomi , Horinouchi Shinya , Shibayama Natsumi , Hosoda Ryota , Murakami Tomoaki , Miyazaki Shinya , Kurimoto Masashi , Yasuda Shunsuke , Kodama Shoki , Atomi Tomoaki , Tanaka Kazuya , Hirose Noboru , Harada Kenji , Asano Yoshihide , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Hasebe Yukio , Atomi Yoriko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The skin and lungs are barriers to environmental threats such as toxic chemicals and microbial pathogens. The integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the dermal papillae in the skin and the interstitium in the lungs is critical for tissue homeostasis. However, it is difficult to improve the ECM integrity in the skin and lung simultaneously. Previously, we reported that eggshell membrane (ESM) provided a young ECM environment to dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in mouse skin and increased the elasticity of human skin. Herein, lung fibroblasts cultured on ESM showed markedly higher type III collagen, decorin, and MMP2 levels. Oral ESM administration in mice markedly increased the type III collagen and decorin levels in lung tissues after 2 weeks, and type III collagen, decorin, and MMP2 levels in the papillary dermis after 4 weeks. Furthermore, in a double-blind study involving 30 adults, the arm skin elasticity significantly increased after 8 weeks of ESM administration. Simultaneously, the Tiffeneau-Pinelli index, which is correlated with lung elasticity, increased also significantly. To further explore the effects of ESM on the lungs, we used a mouse model of bleomycin-induced fibrosis. In these mice, ESM significantly suppressed fibrosis at 2 weeks and increased the type III collagen levels in the bronchioles and decorin levels in the alveoli, which was implicated in the suppression of lung fibrosis. Thus, oral ESM intake may prevent the age-dependent decline of the papillary dermis and pulmonary fibrosis by improving the extracellular environment in skin and lung tissues.
Creatine enhances protein deposition and improves mitochondrial quality in myotubes at fasting state by serving as an energy substrate
Authors: Sun Mingfa , Jiao Hongchao , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhao Jingpeng , Lin Hai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There are diverse physio-pathological stimuli, including denervation, fasting, aging, and systematic diseases, which can trigger skeletal muscle atrophy. Creatine (Cr) serves as fast energy buffer in skeletal muscle, thus plays an important role in muscular energy homeostasis and involves in protein metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the supplemental effect of Cr on protein accumulation at malnutrition state mimicked by in vitro serum-free culture. We also hypothesized that Cr functions as a source of energy to contribute the protein deposition at fasting state.Methods: We used serum-free medium to mimic the fasting state. The primary myoblast were obtained from the breast muscle of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The protein synthesis rate, ATP level, and mitochondrial function of myotubes were measured. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/P70S6 kinase (P70S6K) and ubiquitin proteasome (UP) pathways were evaluated.Results: Cr treatment alleviated myotube atrophy and enhanced protein deposition by inhibiting these genes expression involved in UP pathway. Meanwhile, the present result indicated that Cr supplementation increased ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), upregualted the transcriptional coactivators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, suggesting that Cr improves mitochondrial quality. Glucose treatment increased protein content and myotube diameter. Meanwhile, glucose supplementation improved mitochondrial quality indicated by the observation of increased myotube ATP level, MMP and PGC1α expression and decreased ROS accumulation. In the present of glucose, however, the favorable effect of Cr on protein content and myotube diameter disappeared. Conclusions: The present results suggest that at fasting state, Cr take a favorable effect on protein deposition via suppression of UP pathway and amelioration of mitochondrial quality of myotubes by serving as an energy substrate. The result highlights the potential clinical application for the modulation of muscle atrophy at fasting state.
“The Contactless Badge" designed IR - Thermometer Evaluating Temperature &amp; Social/Physical Distancing by Fabricating the MLX90614 Thermal Sensor during Covid- 19 Global Emergency
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Kumar Arpit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study ameliorates the feasibility of IR thermometer, and to introduce a novel design with upgraded applications & functions. The custom compact device (shape illustrates a “Badge”) measures the surface temperature of a body and received data processed through a microcontroller (AtMega328P). The device functions in a way that if there is any thermal change from ambient temperature (D-1 m), the mode is activated and triggers a pre-defined alert. For distance measuring, it measures the intensity of IR radiation emitted by a body from a particular direction. It also reads the temperature when it comes across a body. It will provide an optimum way in the primary healthcare instrumentation and helpful for noncontact, quick, and accurate measurement of moving and high temperature body.
Normierung und Standardisierung im Schiffbau zur Zeit des Überganges zur Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Springmann Maik-Jens 
Published: March 2021

Norms and standards in ship-building on the cusp of the early modern era. Ship’s holds and fundamental changes in Baltic shippingOne of the many notions which has, over the decades, hardened into an unquestioned ‘historians’ fact’ (i.e. an axiom unsupported by the sources) is the maxim that medieval Hanseatic shipbuilding was purely a matter of tradition. Building a ship did allegedly not rely on any written records, nor did it generate written norms or instructions for later naval architects. Consequently, Hanseatic shipbuilders did not follow any particular standards and could not be required to do so. According to the prevailing school of thought, ships of this time were simply “shaped with an axe”, a view that was elevated to an axiom.
In this paper, I will question this axiom. I argue that medieval Hanseatic naval architecture was not a purely individual undertaking, based solely on tradition. I will focus on ships’ holds, since their characteristics were most likely to have been influenced by economic considerations. This will be flanked by an analysis of the changes in the character of maritime transport of goods enforced by the “Baienfahrt” (to the Bay of Bourgneuf), since the freight (principally salt) was taken aboard as bulk commodity (rather than being shipped in barrels or the like). This requires us to take into consideration the increasing size of ships, which in turn led to changes in logistics and the forms of ownership. Increasingly, the chief concern of a shipbuilder must surely have been protecting the commodities in the hold from moisture. In form, the hold resembled a barrel, being more or less circular, and this led shipbuilders to pay strict attention to the proper dimensions and hence to the early development of norms for shipbuilding. The term ‘hulk’ which comes to the fore in Hanseatic sources could be an indication of this development. This argument is buttressed not only by the evidence legal history provides, but also by analogy with the convergence of the systems of weights and measures in other branches of woodworking closely related to shipbuilding by the fact that those artisans involved, like the shipbuilders, were organized in guilds. Convergence of this sort must surely have led to much more exact planning of the dimensions and shape of ships yet to be built and consequently to more specified contracts between ship owners and naval architects. The paper closes with a consideration of whether the classic measure of ship size, the last, can, in fact, be taken to be equivalent to two tons.
Selected Aspects Of The Crispr-Cas Biology And Applications
Authors: Wawszczak Monika , Filipiak Aneta , Majchrzak Michał , Głuszek Stanisław , Adamus-Białek Wioletta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins are components of the adaptive immunity system, protecting against foreign DNA, which are present in many bacteria species. Recent years have brought extensive research on this system however, not all of its biological properties have been discovered so far. It was recently discovered that CRISPR-Cas can regulate the formation of biofilm and is closely associated with the DNA repair system in bacterial cells. It is also likely that some of the spacer sequences are complementary to short sequences in the bacterial genome, which may have an influence on regulation of bacterial genes, e.g. virulence factors. Besides, phages can synthesize anti-CRISPR genes, which could be of use in the future for the purpose of development of an alternative therapy against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. Here we present an elementary characteristic of CRISPR-Cas system, including the structure and the brief mechanism of action, systematic classification and its importance for medicine and biotechnology issues. We would like to stress the huge potential of CRISPR-Cas by discussing the selected but varied aspects.
1. Introduction. 2. Structure, operation and differences. 3. Bacterial typing. 4. Correlation with bacterial pathogenicity. 5. Potential tool for medicine. 5.1. CRISPR-tool for genome editing. 5.2. Instances of CRISPR-tool strategies in medicine. 6. Phage response. 7. Conclusions
Human Mycobiome In Normobiosis And Dysbiosis States Characteristics And Analysis Methods
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik , Dyląg Mariusz , Nowakiewicz Aneta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fungal diseases affect over 300 million people worldwide each year and cause over 1.6 million deaths. Even with such a high prevalence of fungal infections, relatively few fungal species are pathogens, and invasive fungal infections are rarely diagnosed in healthy subjects. Comparative analyses of mycobiomes reveal that the human organism is colonized by specific fungi soon after birth, and the quantitative and qualitative composition of the mycobiota changes throughout life. In recent years, correlations between the mycobiome structure and health status, also in disease conditions, have been analyzed at the level of fungus-mycobiome-host interactions. The relationship between the colonized area of the human body defined as anatomical location, and fungal species specific for this area, indicates a strong selective pressure that promotes the growth of species specific for a given ecological niche within the organism. Another issue is the validation and standardization of mycobiome analysis methods. In this respect, metagenomic sequencing methods are currently arousing considerable interest. The review presents the current knowledge about the mycobiome in physiological and disease states induced by the dysbiosis of the existing microbiome. The methods and diagnostic challenges in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of mycobiomes are discussed as well.
1. Introduction. 2. Mycobiome in health and disease states. 2.1. Pulmonary mycobiome. 2.2. Intestinal mycobiome. 2.3. Skin mycobiome. 2.4. Mycobiome and neurological disorders. 2.5. Environmental mycobiome. 3. Mycobiome studies in clinical practice. 4. Analysis of mycobiomes: methodologies and challenges. 4.1. Sample processing. 4.2. Amplicon sequencing. 4.3. Metagenomic sequencing. 4.4. Bioinformatics challenges. 5. Summary
Sandboxes As A Potential Source Of Dangerous Drug-Resistant Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Strains
Authors: Mazur Edyta , Chmiel Maria Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sandboxes are present on almost every playground. They enjoy constant popularity among the youngest. Are we sometimes wonder who is responsible for their sanitary condition? Play in them can be a threat to children? This article will discuss the subject of monitoring the sanitary condition of sandboxes. The microbiological threat of contact with contaminated sand will also be presented. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are bacteria that can inhabit sandboxes and pose a threat to health. Both of these microorganisms should not be found in the environment. Their presence means contamination of sand, and contact with it can be hazardous to human health. What’s more, these bacteria increasingly show resistance to antibiotics routinely used to treat infections. The problem of microorganism resistance to therapeutics is very important because the number of drug-resistant strains is growing alarmingly. The pool of effective antibiotics is contracting and new ones are not developing. In this work, antibiotics used during the treatment will be presented: aminoglycosides, ansamycins, β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, fusidans, MLS group, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The paper also presents information concerning so far known mechanisms of antibiotic action. The article also presents the resistance mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL mechanism (extended-spectrum β-lactamases), production of MBL (metallo-β-lactamase), CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) and resistance mechanisms of S. aureus, to penicillin, MRSA – methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and for vancomycin VRSA resistant S. aureus. Drug resistance has become a global problem. The presence of drug-resistant strains carries the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms in natural environments like water, air, soil and sand. Infections caused by such microorganisms are very difficult to treat, because the small pool of antibiotics that can be used during treatment, and thus reduces the effectiveness of therapy.
1. Introduction. 2. Monitoring of the sandboxes sanitary condition. 3. 3. Bacteria E. coli and S. aureus as a potential health hazard factor. 4. Antibiotics characteristic. 4.1. Antibiotics grups. 4.2. Mechanism of antibiotics action. 5. Antibiotic resistance. 5.1. Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae. 5.2. Resistance of S. aureus 6. Resistance as a global problem. 7. Conclusions. 8. Bibilography
Application of fault tree analysis in LNG fire risk assessment of LNG fueled ships
Authors: Wu Wenxiang 
Published: March 2021

Assess the risk of LNG fire of LNG fueled ships navigating in the middle reaches of Yangtze River of China according to the acceptable risk criteria so that support technically to design, building and shipping safety management of LNG fueled ships and also to marine safety administration. “Fault tree analysis” was used to analyze the contribution of factors for LNG fire of LNG fueled ships. Statistical analysis base on the Normal distribution was carried out to reveal the confidence intervals of the probability of ships collision, touch and general fire. Quantitative assessment showed that LNG fuel is not suitable for passenger ships and chemical cargo carriers. It was found that ship length is the key to people onboard evacuating in case of LNG fire, so that LNG valid volume above 20M3 was unsuitable for a ship with length less than 80 m as well as that more than 10M3 was very dangerous for crew onboard a ship with length less than 45 m. Factors of bridges over river, berths along banks and anchorages in river, which would aggravate the consequences of LNG fire, were taken into consideration during risk assessment. In view of navigation condition in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, measures were suggested for LNG fire risk control of LNG fueled ships.
Analysis of influence of bridge deck damage on first order natural frequency of simply supported T-beam bridge
Authors: Li Shuichang 
Published: March 2021

As a simply-supported T beam of the girder grid system, the damage of the bridge deck will inevitably change the overall stiffness of the bridge, and then affect the natural dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The variation of the first-order natural frequency of the bridge before and after the damage of the T beam flange was analyzed by using the finite element analysis method, and the influence law of the T beam flange damage on the natural frequency of the simply supported T beam bridge was obtained. The analysis results showed that the damage of T beam flange will bring about a significant change in the first-order natural frequency. Taking the natural frequency test of multi-span simply supported beams in practical engineering as an example, the first order natural frequency of the undamaged span and the damaged span of the bridge deck were tested respectively, and the influence of the damage on the first order natural frequency was analyzed. Results showed that the first order natural frequency decreases by 15.63 % under the condition that the single T beam is completely damaged in the mid-span position. Therefore, the damage of T bridge can be preliminarily judged by the change of the natural frequency of simply supported beam bridge in practical engineering.
Effect of two recycled building materials on the density and compressive strength of a clay soil
Authors: Abregú J. , Mayon C. , Fernández C. 
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the geotechnical performance of a clay soil of high plasticity added with recycled brick powder (RBP) and recycled gypsum powder (RGP), both obtained in “waste” condition. In order to classify the soil, in its natural state, as a clay of high plasticity, the tests of moisture content, granulometry and consistency limits were performed. Subsequently, soil samples were prepared with the two additives proposed in percentages of 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % of RGP and 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of RBP. This is in order to evaluate its influence on the dry density and unconfined compressive strength of the soil. Laboratory test results have demonstrated that the inclusion of RGP and RBP produce an increase of up to 7.5 % in soil density and 13.5 % in the optimum soil moisture content compared to the values obtained from natural soil without additions. Furthermore, unconfined compressive strength increased from an average value of 6.3 kg/cm2 to 28.8 kg/cm2. These results reflect that the higher the RBP and RGP addition content in the soil, the higher the soil's resistance to compression forces.