bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct‐Bandgap Bilayer WSe2/Microsphere Monolithic Cavity for Low‐Threshold Lasing
Authors: Yu Jia‐Xin , Xing Shuai , Dai Guang‐Yu , Ling‐Hu Shuang‐Yi , Gu Fu‐Xing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as widely accepted 2D gain materials in the field of light sources owing to their direct bandgap and high photoluminescence quantum yield. However, the monolayer medium suffers from weak emission because only a single layer of molecules can absorb the pump energy. Moreover, the material degradation when transferring these fragile materials hinders their cooperation with the optical cavity further. In this study, for the first time, a high‐quality monolithic structure is developed by directly growing single‐domain tungsten diselenide (WSe2) bilayers on single silica microsphere (MS) cavities. Such a completely wrapped structure guides the indirect‐to‐direct bandgap transition of WSe2 bilayers, leading to a significantly improved photoluminescence intensity by about 60‐fold. Moreover, the high‐quality monolithic structure enhances the confinement factor of the cavity by more than 20‐fold. Based on the above advantages, a bilayer WSe2/MS microlaser is realized with an ultralow threshold of 0.72 W cm−2, nearly an order of magnitude lower than the existing records. The results demonstrate the possibility of using multilayer TMD materials as 2D gain media and provide insights into a new ultracompact monolithic platform of TMD material/cavity for lasing devices.
Controlled Deposition of Zinc‐Metal Anodes via Selectively Polarized Ferroelectric Polymers
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Guo Tianchao , Yin Jian , Tian Zhengnan , Ma Yinchang , Liu Zhixiong , Zhu Yunpei , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries are regarded as ideal candidates for stationary energy‐storage systems due to their low cost and high safety. However, zinc can readily grow into dendrites, leading to limited cycling performance and quick failure of the batteries. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to mitigate this dendrite problem, in which a selectively polarized ferroelectric polymer material (poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE))) is employed as a surface protective layer on zinc anodes. Such a polarized ferroelectric polymer layer can enable a locally concentrated zinc‐ion distribution along the coated surface and thus enable the horizontal growth of zinc plates. As a result, symmetrical zinc batteries using such anodes exhibit long cycling lifespan at 0.2 mA cm−2, 0.2 mAh cm−2 for 2000 h, and a high rate performance up to 15 mA cm−2. Also, the full cell (including a Zn–MnO2 battery and a zinc‐ion capacitor) based on this anode is demonstrated. This work provides a novel strategy to protect the zinc anode and even other metal anodes exploiting polymer ferroelectricity.
Suppressing the Dark Current in Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors by Controlling Carrier Statistics
Authors: Jung Byung Ku , Woo Ho Kun , Shin Chanho , Park Taesung , Li Ning , Lee Kyu Joon , Kim Woosik , Bae Jung Ho , Ahn Jae‐Pyoung , Ng Tse Nga , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLead sulfide colloidal quantum dot photodiodes (PbS QDPDs) exhibit a high energy conversion efficiency for infrared detection. Despite the high photoinduced current, the performance of PbS QDPDs is limited by the high dark current which is rarely investigated. Understanding the dark current in PbS QDPDs is critical to improving the detectivity of PbS QDPDs. Herein, it is demonstrated that minority carriers of I‐passivated PbS films and trap sites of EDT‐passivated PbS films are related to the dark current of PbS QDPD. Utilizing annealing and low‐temperature ligand exchange processes, the dark current density can be decreased almost tenfold by suppressing the minority carrier diffusion in the PN junction and trap‐assisted charge injection from the electrode. PN junction simulation, space charge limited current measurements, as well as structural, optical, and chemical characterizations are conducted to elucidate the origins of the dark current suppression. The authors achieve the lowest dark current density of 2.9 × 10−5 mA cm−2 at −1 V among PbS‐based QDPDs and a high detectivity of 6.7 × 1012 Jones at 980 nm. It is believed that this work provides fundamental understanding of carrier statistics in nanomaterials and device performance as well as a technological basis for realizing low‐cost high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Pseudoachondroplasia: Phenotype and genotype in 11 Indian patients
Authors: Jacob Prince , Bhavani Gandham Sri Lakshmi , Shah Hitesh , Galada Chelna , Nampoothiri Sheela , Kamath Nutan , Phadke Shubha R. , Muranjan Mamta , Datar Chaitanya A. , Shukla Anju , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by rhizomelic short‐limbed skeletal dysplasia. The primary clinical and radiographic features include disproportionate dwarfism, joint laxity and hyperextensibility, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, and late ossification of the epiphyses. Identification of disease‐causing variants in heterozygous state in COMP establishes the molecular diagnosis of PSACH. We examined 11 families with clinical features suggestive of PSACH. In nine families, we used Sanger sequencing of exons 8–19 of COMP (NM_000095.2) and in two families exome sequencing was used for confirming the diagnosis. We identified 10 de novo variants, including five known variants (c.925G>A, c.976G>A, c.1201G>T, c.1417_1419del, and c.1511G>A) and five variants (c.874T>C, c.1201G>C, c.1309G>A, c.1416_1421delCGACAA, and c.1445A>T) which are not reported outside Indian ethnicity. We hereby report the largest series of individuals with molecular diagnosis of PSACH from India and reiterate the well‐known genotype–phenotype corelation in PSACH.
Halo Properties in Helium Nuclei from the Perspective of Geometrical Thermodynamics
Authors: Parker Michael C. , Jeynes Chris , Catford Wilton N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nuclear matter and charge radii of the helium isotopes (A=4,6,8) are calculated by quantitative geometrical thermodynamics (QGT) taking as input the symmetry of the alpha‐particle, the very weak binding (and hence halo nature) of the heavier helium isotopes, and a characteristic length scale given by the proton size. The results follow by considering each isotope in its ground state, with QGT representing each system as a maximum entropy configuration that conforms to the Holographic Principle. This allows key geometric parameters to be determined from the number of degrees of freedom available. QGT treats 6He as a 4He core plus a concentric neutron shell comprising a holomorphic pair of neutrons, and the 8He neutron halo is treated as a holomorphic pair of holomorphic pairs. Considering that the information content of each system allows a correlation angle of 2π/3 between the holomorphic entities to be inferred, then the charge radii of the three isotopes can be calculated from the displacement of the 4He core from the center of mass. The calculations for the charge and matter radii of 4,6,8He agree closely with observed values. Similar QGT calculation of the sizes of the self‐conjugate A=4n nuclei {4He,8Be,12C,16O,20Ne,24Mg,28Si,32S,36Ar,40Ca} also agree well with experiment.
Highly Durable and Fully Dispersed Cobalt Diatomic Site Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Wang Jinming , Kim Eunhyo , Kumar Dharani Praveen , Rangappa Akkammagari Putta , Kim Yujin , Zhang Yuexing , Kim Tae Kyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDual‐atom‐site catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis because the synergistic effect between adjacent metal atoms can promote their catalytic activity while maintaining the advantages of single‐atom‐site catalysts, such as almost 100 % atomic efficiency and excellent hydrocarbon selectivity. In this study, cobalt‐based atom site catalysts with a Co2–N coordination structure were synthesized and used for photodriven CO2 reduction. The resulting CoDAC containing 3.5 % Co atoms demonstrated a superior atom ratio for CO2 reduction catalytic performance, with 65.0 % CH4 selectivity, which far exceeds that of cobalt‐based single‐atom‐site catalysts (CoSACs). The intrinsic reason for the superior activity of CoDACs is the excellent adsorption strength of CO2 and CO* intermediates at dimeric Co active sites.
What defines a compact symmetric object? A carefully vetted sample of compact symmetric objects
Authors: Readhead Anthony C. S. , Kiehlmann Sebastian , Lister Matthew L. , O'Neill Sandra , Pearson Timothy J. , Sheldahl Evan , Siemiginowska Aneta , Taylor Gregory B. , Wilkinson Peter N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompact symmetric objects (CSOs), young jetted‐active galactic nuclei of overall projected size <1 kpc, are of great interest due to their youth and evolution. The classification was introduced to distinguish between ∼95% of powerful compact extragalactic radio sources in flux density limited samples that are dominated by asymmetric emission due to relativistic beaming from jets aligned close to the line of sight and ∼5% of objects that are not. The original classification criteria were (a) overall projected diameter smaller than 1 kpc, (b) identified center of activity, and (c) symmetric jet structure about the center. There is confusion and erosion of the value of the CSO classification due to misclassifications. Many jets contain compact bright features outside the core, resulting in a gigahertz peaked spectrum total spectrum and a “compact double” appearance, and some objects with jet axes aligned close to the line of sight appear symmetric because the approaching jet is projected on both sides of the core. To eliminate the confusion, we propose adding (d) slow radio variability and (e) low apparent velocity of bright features moving along the jets to the above CSO criteria. We are compiling a catalog of CSOs using these five criteria to eliminate the confusion of Doppler boosting.
CO kinematics unveil outflows plausibly driven by a young jet in the gigahertz peaked radio core of NGC 6328
Authors: Papachristou Michalis , Dasyra Kalliopi M. , Fernández‐Ontiveros Juan A. , Audibert Anelise , Ruffa Ilaria , Combes Francoise 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the detection of outflowing molecular gas in the center of the nearby (z = 0.014) massive radio galaxy NGC 6328. The radio core of the galaxy, PKS B1718‐649, is identified as a gigahertz peaked spectrum source with a compact (2 pc) double radio lobe morphology. We used ALMA CO(2–1) and CO(3–2) observations at 100 pc resolution to study the gas kinematics up to from the galaxy center. While the bulk of the molecular gas is settled in a highly warped disk, in the inner 300 pc of the disk and along with the orientation of the radio jet, we identified high‐excitation and high‐velocity gas that cannot be attributed to any regular kinematic component based on our detailed 3D modeling of the ALMA data. The high‐velocity dispersion in the gas also suggests that it is not part of an inflowing, shredding structure. These results suggest the presence of a molecular outflow of 3–8 solar masses per year. The outflow possibly originated from the interaction of the jet with the dense interstellar medium, even though the radio emission is detected closer to the center than the outflow. In this sense, this source resembles NGC 1377, 4C31.04, and ESO 420‐G13, in which the outflows are linked to faint or past jet activity.
Referral and adjuvant treatment patterns after nephrectomy in high‐risk locoregional renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dzimitrowicz Hannah , Esterberg Elizabeth , Miles LaStella , Zanotti Giovanni , Borham Azah , Harrison Michael R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are routinely assessed for recurrence risk post‐nephrectomy and whether patients at high recurrence risk are seen by providers who can evaluate candidacy for adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) and clinical trials.Materials and MethodsWe identified all patients with locoregional RCC who underwent nephrectomy via an institutional database within Duke University Health System between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2019. Medical records were reviewed to identify patient characteristics, post‐nephrectomy referrals, treatment, and follow‐up. Patients with tumor stage ≥3 and grade ≥2, regional lymph node metastasis, or both, were classified as high recurrence risk.ResultsOf 618 patients with locoregional RCC who underwent nephrectomy, 136 (22%) had high recurrence risk. Of those, 25 patients with high‐risk disease (18%) were referred to medical oncology for discussion of AST; 23 (92%) of these referrals took place in 2018–2019. One patient received adjuvant sunitinib and two patients participated in adjuvant immunotherapy trials. The decision not to receive AST was primarily made by the oncologist in 10 (46%), the patient in 8 (36%), and unrecorded in 4 (18%) of 22 cases, for multiple reasons. Individual surgeons referred high‐risk patients for discussion of AST with varying frequency, ranging from 0% to 100% in 2019.ConclusionsDespite increasing number of patients with locoregional RCC at high recurrence risk referred to medical oncologists after nephrectomy, few patients received AST, including participation in clinical trials. With increasing AST options and ongoing clinical trials in this space, these findings highlight the need for continued efforts at identifying effective AST and referring patients most likely to benefit to medical oncologists.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04309617.
Auf wiedersehen coronary stenosis? Not so fast mein Herr
Authors: Wani Omar , Butman Samuel M. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
The present analysis is a real‐world angiographic data report on EES‐implantation for the treatment of ISR.
The report demonstrates comparable results to randomized prospective trials regarding the efficacy of treating ISR with EES.
Real world analyses, while not as definitive as prospective trials, are nonetheless reassuring given a typically more diverse and inclusive cohort.
Treatment with a drug‐eluting stent for ISR remains the first treatment of choice, for now, at least.
Oral anticoagulants for coronary artery aneurysm: For few or for all?
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Seth Ashok 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
The management of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) by medical treatment, percutaneous coronary intervention, or surgery remains arbitrary due to lack of large case series or trials.
The “Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry” represents the largest database and demonstrates decreased cardiac event rates with non‐significant increase in bleeding risk at intermediate term follow up by warfarin treatment.
This strengthens the case for medical management of CAA and provides the basis for future follow‐up studies.
Coronary artery access after aortic valve intervention
Authors: Bagur Rodrigo , Jneid Hani 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may require a coronary angiogram in about 3% of cases at 1 year, but this rate increases to 16% at 4.5 years of follow‐up.
However, among TAVI patients who undergo pre‐procedural percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary angiogram is usually performed in 9% of cases at 1 year and this rate increases to 28% at 4.5 years of follow‐up.
Whenever possible, commissural alignment techniques should be implemented during TAVI to facilitate future coronary artery access.
Isolated tuberculosis liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Sallam Yazan M. , Gasim Ramsey , Kloub Mohammad N. , Qassem Nabeel Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIsolated TLA is an extremely rare condition, but should always be considered in a patient presented with liver abscess, especially from an endemic area. Diagnosis depends on histological identification, with treatment being quadruple therapy.
LWMPI: An MPI library for NoC‐based lightweight manycore processors with on‐chip memory constraints
Authors: Fellipe Uller João , Vicente Souto João , Henrique Penna Pedro , Castro Márcio , Freitas Henrique , Méhaut Jean‐François 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLightweight manycore processors deliver high performance and energy efficiency by bundling hundreds of low‐power cores, a distributed memory architecture with small local memories and Networks‐on‐Chip in a single die. However, the lack of rich and portable programming models for these processors makes software development a challenging task. Currently, two approaches are employed to address programmability in lightweight manycores: Operating Systems (OSes) and baremetal runtime libraries. The former provides portability but exposes complex Operating System (OS)‐level programming interfaces to developers. The latter focuses on providing rich and high performance interfaces, which are vendor‐specific and yield to non‐portable software. In this work, we address these programmability and portability challenges by combining a rich OS with a well‐known standard for parallel programming. We propose a portable and lightweight Message Passing Interface (MPI) library (LWMPI) designed from scratch to cope with restrictions and intricacies of lightweight manycores. We integrated LWMPI into Nanvix, an open‐source distributed OS that runs on silicon lightweight manycores. The results obtained with a synthetic benchmark and a subset of the CAP Bench applications running on Kalray MPPA‐256 unveil that LWMPI not only delivers a lightweight and richer programming interface but also presents good performance and scalability results.
SBHA: An undetectable black hole attack on UANET in the sky
Authors: Xiong Runqun , Xiong Lan , Shan Feng , Luo Junzhou 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWith their high flexibility and versatility, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have maneuvered their way into many applications. Thanks to their ability to plan and coordinate, multiple UAVs complete tasks more effectively, which boosts their popularity in battlefield surveys, formation performances, and targeted searches. However, the risk of security threats also rises alongside their popularity. The UAV ad hoc network (UANET) has endeavored to contend with such risks through the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. To test the security and strength of this effort, we present a sky black hole attack (SBHA) algorithm for OLSR, which is undetectable, based on the UANET's multi‐hop routing and the OLSR's known topology. This algorithm obtains the network's maximum profits by approaching and then replacing the calculated topology center and traffic center in UANET. Because of the ever‐changing topology, SBHA aims at UANET's single central node that cannot be detected in advance. This attack is difficult to detect by UANET and therefore difficult to defend. The simulation results show that SBHA can cause greater damage to UANET compared to a traditional black hole attack, and ordinary defense algorithms cannot reduce the negative impact of SBHA on UANET. In addition, SBHA also gains UANET control, and leads to drastic changes in UAVs' movement trajectory, which has more intuitive effects.
An efficient approach for detecting anomalous events in real‐time weather datasets
Authors: Arora Shruti , Rani Rinkle , Saxena Nitin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvent detection in real‐time is applied in diverse domains such as detection of fraudulent activities in commercial transactions, detection of faulty systems in industries, and so forth. Businesses and organizations benefit from the actionable information obtained through various techniques available for anomalous event detection. Real‐time event detection is nowadays handled through streaming data frameworks. Traditional approaches effectively handle event detection in real‐time but with more false positives, thus, resulting in false alarms. In this article, an efficient approach comprising two components, an offline model and an online event detection pipeline, is proposed to achieve minimum mean absolute error (MAE). An offline module is developed to investigate a variety of deep learning models that prove suitable for event detection in real‐time. The experiments conducted with PubNub sensors datasets demonstrate that the long short‐term memory unit of recurrent neural networks is the best suitable model for anomalous event detection. The online pipeline module is built using streaming data frameworks to predict the abnormal peaks. It is revealed through the experimental results that the proposed approach efficiently detects anomalous events in real‐time and also eliminates false positives.
Vernalization requirements of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass
Authors: Locatelli Andrés , Gutierrez Lucia , Picasso Risso Valentin D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D.R. Dewey], bred for high grain yield, has become the first perennial grain in North America and is commercialized under the tradename Kernza. The expansion of this crop from the U.S. Midwest to areas with milder winters would require an understanding of its vernalization requirements for flowering and the availability of genetic diversity for this trait. The goal of this research was to determine the length of the cold period required for vernalization in Kernza intermediate wheatgrass. Two treatment factors (population and length of cold incubation period) were evaluated. Seeds from eight breeding populations from Kansas and Minnesota were evaluated in growth chambers at 5 °C and 10 h light for cold periods from 3 to 9 wk. The percentage of plants that flowered increased from 30 to 96% as the length of the cold incubation period increased from 3 to 7 wk following a sigmoid model. For most yield components, no changes were observed after 7 wk of cold incubation. There were no differences among populations for most traits and there was large within‐population phenotypic diversity. These results confirm that Kernza intermediate wheatgrass populations have moderate vernalization requirements. Further research is needed to confirm the feasibility of breeding Kernza with lower vernalization requirements.
Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed C−N Bond Formation Involving N‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Nan , Zheng Hongxing , Li Ting , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractC−N bonds are pervasive throughout organic‐based materials, natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and agricultural chemicals. Considering the widespread importance of C−N bonds, the development of greener and more convenient ways to form C−N bonds, especially in late‐stage synthesis, has become one of the hottest research goals in synthetic chemistry. Copper‐catalyzed radical reactions involving N‐centered radicals have emerged as a sustainable and promising approach to build C−N bonds. As a chemically popular and diverse radical species, N‐centered radicals have been used for all kinds of reactions for C−N bond formation by taking advantage of their inherently incredible reactive flexibility. Copper is also the most abundant and economic catalyst with the most relevant activity for facilitating the synthesis of valuable compounds. Therefore, the aim of the present Review was to illustrate recent and significant advances in C−N bond formation methods and to understand the unique advantages of copper catalysis in the generation of N‐centered radicals since 2016. To provide an ease of understanding for the readers, this Review was organized based on the types of nitrogen sources (amines, amides, sulfonamides, oximes, hydrazones, azides, and tert‐butyl nitrite).