bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen inferred to have dispersed thousands of kilometres at sea, infecting multiple keystone kelp species
Authors: Mabey Abigail L. , Parvizi Elahe , Fraser Ceridwen I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProtistan pathogens have been found to infect populations of some large brown macroalgae. Infection could reduce the ability of macroalgae to withstand hydrodynamic pressures through weakening tissues and reducing flexibility. Widespread mortality of macroalgae if disease outbreaks were to occur could have important flow-on consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Recent discoveries of the protistan pathogen Maullinia infecting the ecologically keystone southern bull kelp Durvillaea in Chile, Australia, and on Marion Island, raise the possibility that this pathogen is dispersing across ocean basins with buoyant hosts. To determine whether Maullinia also infects southern bull kelp in New Zealand, samples of gall-like tissue from Durvillaea antarctica, D. poha, and D. willana were collected from intertidal sites, and genetic analyses (sequencing of partial 18S rRNA) carried out. Maullinia infections were detected in all three species of Durvillaea. Phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship of New Zealand Maullinia to M. braseltonii previously detected in Chile and on Marion Island. Based on its genetic similarity to distant lineages and its presence on buoyant hosts that have been shown to drift long distances at seas, we infer that Maullinia has dispersed across the Southern Ocean through rafting of infected bull kelp. Understanding the capacity of pathogens to disperse across oceans is critical part of forecasting and managing ecosystem responses to environmental change.
Quantitative assessment of HCC wash-out on CT is a predictor of early complete response to TACE
Authors: Fronda Marco , Doriguzzi Breatta Andrea , Gatti Marco , Calandri Marco , Maglia Claudio , Bergamasco Laura , Righi Dorico , Faletti Riccardo , Fonio Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the predictive value of four-phase contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for early complete response (CR) to drug-eluting-bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE), with a particular focus on the quantitatively assessed wash-in and wash-out.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of preprocedural CECTs was performed for 129 HCC nodules consecutively subjected to DEB-TACE as first-line therapy. Lesion size, location, and margins were recorded. For the quantitative analysis, the following parameters were computed: contrast enhancement ratio (CER) and lesion-to-liver contrast ratio (LLC) as estimates of wash-in; absolute and relative wash-out (WOabs and WOrel) and delayed percentage attenuation ratio (DPAR) as estimates of wash-out. The early radiological response of each lesion was assessed by the mRECIST criteria and dichotomized in CR versus others (partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease).

Results
All quantitatively assessed wash-out variables had significantly higher rates for CR lesions (WOabsp = 0.01, WOrelp = 0.01, and DPAR p = 0.00002). However, only DPAR demonstrated an acceptable discriminating ability, quantified by AUC = 0.80 (95% CI0.73–0.88). In particular, nodules with DPAR ≥ 120 showed an odds ratio of 3.3(1.5–7.2) for CR (p = 0.0026). When accompanied by smooth lesion margins, DPAR ≥ 120 lesions showed a 78% CR rate at first follow-up imaging. No significative association with CR was found for quantitative wash-in estimates (CER and LLC).

Conclusions
Based on preprocedural CECT, the quantitative assessment of HCC wash-out is useful in predicting early CR after DEB-TACE. Among the different formulas for wash-out quantification, DPAR has the best discriminating ability. When associated, DPAR ≥ 120 and smooth lesion margins are related to relatively high CR rates.

Key Points
• A high wash-out rate, quantitatively assessed during preprocedural four-phase contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), is a favorable predictor for early radiological complete response of HCC to drug-eluting-bead chemoembolization (DEB-TACE).
• The arterial phase of CECT shows great dispersion of attenuation values among different lesions, even when a standardized protocol is used, limiting its usefulness for quantitative analyses.
• Among the different formulas used to quantify the wash-out rate (absolute wash-out, relative wash-out, and delayed percentage attenuation ratio), the latter (DPAR), based only on the delayed phase, is the most predictive (AUC = 0.80), showing a significant association with complete response for values above 120.
Vergleichende Analyse der Refraktions- und Topographieveränderungen nach lidchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Mehlan J. , Jonca B. , Dulz S. , Green S. , Spitzer M. S. , Schüttauf F. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Über die Frage, ob nach Blepharoplastik, Levatorresektion oder lateraler Zügelplastik Refraktions- oder Topographieveränderungen zu erwarten sind, besteht weitestgehend Unklarheit.

Material und Methoden
Daher wurden in der vorliegenden Studie prä- sowie postoperativ von 78 Patienten objektive Refraktion, Vorderabschnittstomographie mittels Pentacam und Visusprüfung durchgeführt und der Analyse zugeführt. Die Untersuchung erfolgte präoperativ, zum Zeitpunkt des Fadenzugs nach 10 Tagen sowie nach 3 Monaten.

Ergebnisse
Wir fanden postoperativ weder nach Blepharoplastik noch nach lateraler Zügelplastik signifikante Veränderungen von Visus oder Refraktion noch in der Topographie. Hingegen zeigt der Wilcoxon-Vorzeichen Test 10 Tage nach der Levatorresektion einen signifikanten Anstieg des Zylinders nach 10 Tagen im Vergleich zum präoperativen Niveau (p = 0,042). Diese Veränderung war jedoch nach 3 Monaten nicht mehr nachweisbar.

Schlussfolgerung
Wir postulieren daher, dass eine umfangreiche Aufklärung von Patienten hinsichtlich passagerer Sehveränderungen insbesondere bei Levatorresektionen unabdingbar ist und postoperativ eine ergänzende Refraktions- und Topographiekontrolle sinnvoll sein kann.
Evolution of voice after transoral laser cordectomy for precancerous lesions and early glottic cancer
Authors: Staníková Lucia , Zeleník Karol , Formánek Martin , Seko Jana , Walderová Radana , Kántor Peter , Komínek Pavel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate voice quality evolution after a transoral laser cordectomy (TLC) for precancerous lesions and early glottic cancer.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled 18 patients scheduled for TLC for high-grade dysplasia, Tis, T1, and T2 glottic squamous cell cancers, from May 2017 to March 2020. Patients were grouped according to the extent of TLC: Group I (n = 11, 61.1%): unilateral subepithelial or subligamental cordectomy; Group II (n = 7, 38.9%): unilateral transmuscular, total, or extended cordectomy. Voice quality parameters, including dysphonia grade (G), roughness (R), breathiness (B), maximal phonation time (MPT), jitter, and shimmer, were evaluated before, and at 6 weeks and 6 months after the TLC.

Results
In Group I, the degree of G and R items remained without substantial improvement 6 weeks after surgery; however, improved above the pre-surgery level up to 6 months after surgery. The MPT, jitter, and shimmer did not change significantly at 6 weeks or 6 months post-TLC. In Group II, G, R, and B remained significantly impaired even 6 months post-surgery. Jitter, and shimmer worsened at 6 weeks, but reached preoperative levels at 6 months post-surgery. MPT was significantly worse at 6 weeks and remained deteriorated at 6 months post-surgery. All measured parameters were significantly worse in Group II than in Group I at 6 weeks and 6 months post-surgery. No patient required a phonosurgical procedure.

Conclusion
After a TLC, voice quality evolution depended on the extent of surgery. It did not improve at 6 weeks post-surgery. Improvements in less extent cordectomies occurred between 6 weeks and 6 months post-surgery. Understanding voice development over time is important for counseling patients when considering phonosurgical procedures.
Towards sustainable management of the stock and ecosystem services of urban trees. From theory to model and application
Authors: Pretzsch H. , Moser-Reischl A. , Rahman M. A. , Pauleit S. , Rötzer T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
A model for sustainable planning of urban tree stocks is proposed, incorporating growth, mortality, replacement rates and ecosystem service provision, providing a basis for planning of urban tree stocks.

Abstract
Many recent studies have improved the knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and ecosystem services. We introduce a concept and model for the sustainable management of urban trees, analogous to the concept of sustainable forestry developed by Carl von Carlowitz and others. The main drivers of the model are species-specific tree diameter growth functions and mortality rates. Based on the initial tree stock and options for the annual replanting, the shift of the distribution of the number of trees per age class can be predicted with progressing time. Structural characteristics such as biomass and leaf area are derived from tree dimensions that can be related to functions such as carbon sequestration or cooling. To demonstrate the potential of the dynamic model, we first show how different initial stocks of trees can be quantitatively assessed by sustainability indicators compared to a target stock. Second, we derive proxy variables for ecosystem services (e.g. biomass for carbon sequestration, leaf area for deposition and shading) from a given distribution of the number of trees per age class. Third, we show by scenario analyses how selected ecosystem services and functions may be improved by combining complementary tree species. We exercise one aspect (cooling) of one ecosystem service (temperature mitigation) as an example. The approach integrates mosaic pieces of knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and resulting ecosystem services. The presented model makes this knowledge available for a sustainable management of urban tree stocks. We discuss the potential and relevance of the developed concept and model for ecologically and economically sustainable planning and management, in view of progressing urbanization and environmental changes.
High-Tech-Metalle in ostalpinen Buntmetallsulfidvorkommen: geologische Faktoren ihrer Anreicherung, Verteilung und Mobilisation (drei MRI-Projekte 2015–2019)
Authors: Angerer Thomas , Melcher Frank , Onuk Peter , Tropper Peter , Volgger Albin , Gasteiger Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse dreier MRI Projekte 2015–2019 (Leoben und Innsbruck) werden hier zusammenfassend dargestellt. Der Fokus liegt auf den Ergebnissen des Innsbrucker Projekts, in dem sedimentär-exhalative Erze des Ötztal-Stubai-Kristallins (ÖSK) als beispielhaftes Mineralsystem erforscht wurden, um den komplexen Einfluss geologischer Prozesse auf die Anreicherung bzw. mineralogische Verteilung von Spurenelementen zu verdeutlichen.Die umfangreichen Datensätze aus vielen ostalpinen Bergbaurevieren erlauben Aussagen über die Präferenz von Spurenelementen in verschiedenen Typen von Fe-Cu-Zn-Sulfidparagenesen. Die Elemente Mn, Ga, Se und Cd werden präferentiell in Sphalerit eingebaut; Co, Ni in Pyrit und Pyrrhotin; As in Pyrit; Ag und Sn im Chalkopyrit. In karbonatgebundenen Pb-Zn Erzen wird Ge in Sphalerit und in Cu-reichen Erze auch in Chalkopyrit eingebaut. Indium ist gleichfalls entweder an Sphalerit oder an Chalkopyrit gebunden. Mit der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Sphaleritzusammensetzung gehen auch systematische Trends in der Zusammensetzung von Begleitsulfiden (v. a. Chalkopyrit) einher. In den Erzen des ÖSK wurden komplexe Verteilungsabhängigkeiten seltener Metalle von syngenetischen Mineralisations- sowie metamorph-metasomatischen Remobilisierungs-Prozessen nachgewiesen. Die Faktoren lithostratographischer Kontext, Proximalität zum (nicht aufgeschlossenen) Exhalationszentrum, und metasomatische Remobilisation und Partitionierung sind wichtige Faktoren für die Höffigkeit eines Vorkommens. Metamorphe Überprägung zeigt Auswirkungen auf die mineralogische Metall-Partitionierung, jedoch ohne nennenswerten Effekt auf die Höffigkeit der High-Tech-Metalle.
Off-line signature verification using elementary combinations of directional codes from boundary pixels
Authors: Ajij Md , Pratihar Sanjoy , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Hanne Thomas , Roy Diptendu Sinha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVerifying the genuineness of official documents, such as bank checks, certificates, contract forms, bonds, etc., remains a challenging task when it comes to accuracy and robustness. Here, the genuineness is related to the degree of match of the signature contained in the documents relating to the original signatures of the authorized person. Signatures of authorized persons are considered known in advance.
In this paper, a novel feature set is introduced based on quasi-straightness of boundary pixel runs for signature verification. We extract the quasi-straight line segments using elementary combinations of the directional codes from the signature boundary pixels and subsequently we obtain the feature set from various quasi-straight line classes. The quasi-straight line segments provide a blending of straightness and small curvatures resulting in a robust feature set for the verification of signatures. We have used Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification and have shown results on standard signature datasets like CEDAR (Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition) and GPDS-100 (Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Senal).
The results establish how the proposed method outperforms the existing state of the art.
Harsh parenting and child conduct and emotional problems: parent- and child-effects in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Fairchild Graeme , Halligan Sarah L. , Hammerton Gemma , Murray Joseph , Santos Ina S. , Munhoz Tiago N. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Barros Fernando C. , Matijasevich Alicia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn high-income countries, links between harsh and abusive parenting and child conduct and emotional problems are well-documented. However, less is known about these relationships in low- and middle-income countries, where harsh parenting may be more widely accepted and higher rates of conduct or emotional problems may exist which could influence the strength of these associations. We sought to investigate these relationships in a large population-based, prospective longitudinal study from Brazil, which also allowed us to test for sex differences. Using data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (N = 4231) at ages 6 and 11 years, we applied cross-lagged path analysis to examine the relationships between harsh parenting (Conflict Tactics Scale Parent–Child version), and child conduct and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). We found reciprocal relationships between harsh parenting and child conduct problems, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child conduct problems at age 11, and vice versa, even after adjusting for initial levels of conduct problems and harsh parenting, respectively. For child emotional problems, only unidirectional effects were found, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child emotional problems at age 11, after adjusting for initial levels of emotional problems, but not vice versa. No significant sex differences were observed in these relationships. These observations based on a middle-income country birth cohort highlight the potential universality of detrimental effects of harsh parenting on child conduct and emotional problems and affirm the importance of addressing parent- and child-effects in preventive and treatment interventions, especially those targeting conduct problems.
Constraining probabilistic chloride mass-balance recharge estimates using baseflow and remotely sensed evapotranspiration: the Cambrian Limestone Aquifer in northern Australia
Authors: Crosbie Russell S. , Rachakonda Praveen Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRegional-scale estimates of groundwater recharge are inherently uncertain, but this uncertainty is rarely quantified. Quantifying this uncertainty provides an understanding of the limitations of the estimates, and being able to reduce the uncertainty makes the recharge estimates more useful for water resources management. This paper describes the development of a method to constrain the uncertainty in upscaled recharge estimates using a rejection sampling procedure for baseflow and remotely sensed evapotranspiration data to constrain the lower and upper end of the recharge distribution, respectively. The recharge estimates come from probabilistic chloride mass-balance estimates from 3,575 points upscaled using regression kriging with rainfall, soils and vegetation as covariates. The method is successfully demonstrated for the 570,000-km2 Cambrian Limestone Aquifer in northern Australia. The method developed here is able to reduce the uncertainty in the upscaled chloride mass-balance estimates of recharge by nearly a third using data that are readily available. The difference between the 5th and 95th percentiles of unconstrained recharge across the aquifer was 31 mm/yr (range 5–36 mm/yr) which was reduced to 22 mm/yr for the constrained case (9–31 mm/yr). The spatial distribution of recharge was dominated by the spatial distribution of rainfall but was comparatively reduced in areas with denser vegetation or finer textured soils. Recharge was highest in the north-west in the Daly River catchment with a catchment average of 101 (61–192) mm/yr and lowest in the south-east Georgina River catchment with 6 (4–12) mm/yr.
Remarks on parabolic De Giorgi classes
Authors: Liao Naian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe make several remarks concerning properties of functions in parabolic De Giorgi classes of order p. There are new perspectives including a novel mechanism of propagating positivity in measure, the reservation of membership under convex composition, and a logarithmic type estimate. Based on them, we are able to give new proofs of known properties. In particular, we prove local boundedness and local Hölder continuity of these functions via Moser’s ideas, thus avoiding De Giorgi’s heavy machinery. We also seize this opportunity to give a transparent proof of a weak Harnack inequality for nonnegative members of some super-class of De Giorgi, without any covering argument.
In the tripartite combination Botrytis cinerea–Arabidopsis–Eurydema oleracea, the fungal pathogen alters the plant–insect interaction via jasmonic acid signalling activation and inducible plant-emitted volatiles
Authors: Ederli Luisa , Salerno Gianandrea , Quaglia Mara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn ecosystems, plants are continuously challenged by combined stress conditions more than by a single biotic or abiotic factor. Consequently, in recent years studies on plant relationships with multiple stresses have aroused increasing interest. Here, the impact of inoculation with fungal pathogens with different lifestyles on Arabidopsis plants response to the following infestation with the invasive crop pest Eurydema oleracea was investigated. In particular, as fungal pathogens the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and the biotroph Golovinomyces orontii were used. Plants exposed to B. cinerea, but not to G. orontii, showed reduced herbivore feeding damage. This difference was associated to different hormonal pathways triggered by the pathogens: G. orontii only induced the salicylate-mediated pathway, while B. cinerea stimulated also the jasmonate-dependent signalling, which persisted for a long time providing a long-term defence to further herbivore attack. In particular, the lower susceptibility of B. cinerea-infected Arabidopsis plants to E. oleracea was related to the stimulation of the JA-induced pathway on the production of plant volatile compounds, since treatment with VOCs emitted by B. cinerea inoculated plants inhibited both insect plant choice and feeding damage. These results indicate that necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi modulate host volatile emission, thus affecting plant response to subsequent insect, thereby increasing the knowledge on tripartite plant–microbe–insect interactions in nature.
Hydrops fetalis with isolated massive ascites in a preterm neonate with rhesus disease
Authors: Nourkami-Tutdibi Nasenien , Geipel Martina , Meyberg-Solomayer Gabriele , Takacs Zoltan , Meyer Sascha 
Published: March 2021

SummarySignificant progress in prenatal care has decreased the incidence of rhesus incompatibility, which may result in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This case report describes an unusual presentation of HDFN in a preterm infant delivered by caesarean section with isolated massive abdominal fluid collection as the leading clinical sign in addition to severe anemia. The immediate drainage of ascites provided transient clinical stabilization with improved pulmonary function in the delivery suite. After admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), HDFN treatment was initiated. This case report shows the importance of adequately trained staff including neonatologists, pediatricians and NICU nurses in the delivery suite to provide neonatal intensive care for HDFN.
Neyman-Pearson Hypothesis Testing, Epistemic Reliability and Pragmatic Value-Laden Asymmetric Error Risks
Authors: Kubiak Adam P. , Kawalec Paweł , Kiersztyn Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that if among the tested hypotheses the number of true hypotheses is not equal to the number of false hypotheses, then Neyman-Pearson theory of testing hypotheses does not warrant minimal epistemic reliability (the feature of driving to true conclusions more often than to false ones). We also argue that N-P does not protect from the possible negative effects of the pragmatic value-laden unequal setting of error probabilities on N-P’s epistemic reliability. Most importantly, we argue that in the case of a negative impact no methodological adjustment is available to neutralize it, so in such cases the discussed pragmatic-value-ladenness of N-P inevitably compromises the goal of attaining truth.
Synchronous peritoneal metastases from lung cancer: incidence, associated factors, treatment and survival: a Dutch population-based study
Authors: Lurvink Robin J. , Rijken Anouk , Bakkers Checca , Aarts Mieke J. , Kunst Peter W. A. , van de Borne Ben E. , van Erning Felice N. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeritoneal metastases (PM) from lung cancer are rare and it is unknown how they affect the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. This population-based study aimed to assess the incidence, associated factors, treatment and prognosis of PM from lung cancer. Data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were used. All patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2008 and 2018 were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the presence of PM. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with PM. Between 2008 and 2018, 129,651 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, of whom 2533 (2.0%) patients were diagnosed with PM. The European Standardized Rate of PM increased significantly from 0.6 in 2008 to 1.4 in 2018 (p < 0.001). Age between 50 and 74 years, T3–4 tumour stage, N2–3 nodal stage, tumour morphology of a small cell lung cancer or adenocarcinoma, and the presence of systemic metastases were associated with the presence of PM. The median OS of patients with PM was 2.5 months. Older age, male sex, T3–4 tumour stage, N2–3 nodal stage, not receiving systemic treatment, and the presence of systemic metastases were associated with a worse OS. Synchronous PM were diagnosed in 2.0% of patients with lung cancer and resulted in a very poor survival.