bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Petal-like" Size-Tunable Gold Wrapped Immunoliposome to Enhance Tumor Deep Penetration for Multimodal Guided Two-step Strategy
Authors: Li Yanan , Song Wenting , Hu Yumin , Xia Yun , Li Zhen , Lu Yang , Shen Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the fastest-growing cancer among females and the second leading cause of female death. At present, targeted antibodies combined with hyperthermia locally in tumor has been identified as a potential combination therapy to combat tumors. But in fact, the uniformly deep distribution of photosensitizer in tumor sites is still an urgent problem, which limited the clinical application. We reported an HER2-modified thermosensitive liposome (immunoliposome)-assisted complex by reducing gold nanocluster on the surface (GTSL-CYC-HER2) to obtain a new type of bioplasma resonance structured carrier. The HER2 decoration on the surface enhanced targeting to the breast cancer tumor site and forming irregular, dense, "petal-like" shells of gold nanoclusters. Due to the good photothermal conversion ability under near-infrared light (NIR) irradiation, the thermosensitive liposome released the antitumor Chinese traditional medicine, cyclopamine, accompanied with the degradation of gold clusters into 3-5nm nanoparticles which can accelerate renal metabolism of the gold clusters. With the help of cyclopamine to degrade the tumor associated matrix, this size-tunable gold wrapped immunoliposome was more likely to penetrate the deeper layers of the tumor, while the presence of gold nanoparticles makes GTSL-CYC-HER2 multimodal imaging feasible.ResultsThe prepared GTSL-CYC-HER2 had a size of 113.5 nm and displayed excellent colloidal stability, photo-thermal conversion ability and NIR-sensitive drug release. These GTSL-CYC-HER2 were taken up selectively by cancer cells in vitro and accumulated at tumour sites in vivo. As for the in vivo experiments, compared to the other groups, under near-infrared laser irradiation, the temperature of GTSL-CYC-HER2 rises rapidly to the phase transition temperature, and released the cyclopamine locally in the tumor. Then, the released cyclopamine destroyed the stroma of the tumor tissue while killing the tumor cells, which in turn increased the penetration of the liposomes in deep tumor tissues. Moreover, the GTSL-CYC-HER2 enhanced the performance of multimodal computed tomography (CT) and photothermal (PT) imaging and enabled chemo-thermal combination therapy.ConclusionsThis optically controlled biodegradable plasmonic resonance structures not only improves the safety of the inorganic carrier application in vivo, but also greatly improves the anti-tumor efficiency through the visibility of in vivo CT and PT imaging, as well as chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia, and provides a synergistic treatment strategy that can broaden the conventional treatment alone.
Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rd on Military Aviation Noise-Induced Cochlear Hair Cell Damage
Authors: Chen Xuemin , LIU Yu-hui , JI Shuai-fei , XUE Xin-miao , LIU Peng , LI Cong-cong , ZHANG Min , CHANG Yao-ming , WANG Xiao-cheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Soldiers are often exposed to high-intensity noise produced by military weapons and equipment during activities, and the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in many arms is high. Oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of NIHL, and research has confirmed that ginsenoside Rd (GSRd) suppresses oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that GSRd may attenuate NIHL and cochlear hair cell loss, induced by military aviation noise stimulation, through the Sirtuin1/proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (SIRT1/PGC-1α) signaling pathway.Methods Forty-eight male guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: control, noise stimulation, GSRd, and glycerol. The experimental groups received military helicopter noise stimulation at 115 dB (A) for 4 h daily for five consecutive days. Hair cell damage was evaluated by using inner ear basilar membrane preparation and scanning electron microscopy. Terminal dUTP nick end labeling and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. Changes in the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and other apoptosis-related markers in the cochleae, as well as oxidative stress parameters were used as readouts.Results Loss of outer hair cells, more disordered cilia, prominent apoptosis, and elevated free radical levels were observed in the experimental groups. GSRd treatment markedly improved morphological changes and apoptosis through decreasing Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression and increasing Bcl-2 expression. In addition, GSRd upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced the activity of SIRT1 and PGC-1α messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression.Conclusion GSRd can improve structural and functional damage to the cochleae caused by noise. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Emergence of OXA-10 and OXA-48 like carbapenemases among Enterobacter isolates from inpatients in southern Iran
Authors: Moradi Melika , Khashei Reza , Malekzadegan Yalda , Sarvari Jamal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae represents a public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of carbapenem resistance, oxacillinase types and the presence of class 1–3 integrons among Enterobacter clinical isolates from an Iranian inpatients’ population.
Methods

Ninety Enterobacter isolates recovered from hospitalized patients were diagnosed by the standard microbiological methods. Antibiogram pattern was also determined. The presence of class 1–3 integrons and four types of oxacillinase genes were assessed using PCR.
Results

Of the 90 Enterobacter isolates, the most common species was identified as E. aerogenes, (45.6%), followed by E. cloacae (30%). The highest resistance rate was against to ampicillin (96.7%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was substantial (93%). Carbapenemase producers were detected in 96% of carbapenem resistant isolates by mCIM test. The frequency of evaluated genes was as follows: intI1 = 50 (55.6%), intI2 = 12 (13.3%), blaoxa−1 =6 (6.7%), blaoxa−2 =5 (5.6%), blaoxa−10 =18 (20%), and blaoxa−48 =18 (20%).
Conclusion

The determinants of class 1 integron with OXA-10 and OXA-48 like carbapememases have been responsible of relatively considerable of carbapenem resistance among isolates. This is the first OXA-10 and OXA-48-producing Enterobacter spp. in Iran, indicating that the prevalence of oxacillinases might be on the rise in country.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Of Flexible Job Shop Problem with Sequence-Dependent Setup and Transportation Energy Consumptions
Authors: Meng Leilei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As environmental awareness grows, energy-aware scheduling is attracting increasing attention. This paper investigates the flexible job shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times and transportation times (FJSP-SDST-T) and the objective is to minimize total energy consumption. To begin with, the total energy consumption of the workshop is analyzed and a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated. Due to that FJSP-SDST-T is NP-hard, an effective hybrid algorithm (HGA) that hybridizes the genetic algorithm (GA) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem specifically for that with large size. HGA takes advantage of the good global searching ability of GA and the powerful local searching ability of VNS, and it can have a good balance of intensification and diversification. Then, four energy-conscious decoding methods are designed, in which two energy-saving strategies namely postponing strategy and Turn Off/On strategy are specially designed according to the characteristics of FJSP-SDST-T. Finally, experiments are carried out and the results show the effectiveness of the MILP model, the energy-conscious decoding methods and HGA.
Deaths in Children and Young People in England following SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year: a national study using linked mandatory child death reporting data
Authors: Smith Clare , Odd David , Harwood Rachel , Ward Joseph , Linney Michael , Clark Matthew , Hargreaves Dougal , Ladhani Shamez , Draper Elizabeth , Davis Peter , Kenny Simon , Whittaker Elizabeth , Luyt Karen , Viner Russell , Fraser Lorna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDeaths in children and young people (CYP) following SARS-CoV-2 infection are rare. Quantifying the risk of mortality is challenging because of high relative prevalence of asymptomatic and non-specific disease manifestations. Therefore, it is important to differentiate between CYP who have died of SARS-CoV-2 and those who have died of an alternative disease process but coincidentally tested positive.MethodsDuring the pandemic, the mandatory National Child Mortality Database (NCMD) was linked to Public Health England (PHE) testing data to identify CYP (<18 years) who died with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. A clinical review of all deaths from March 2020 to February 2021 was undertaken to differentiate between those who died of SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who died of an alternative cause but coincidentally tested positive. Then, using linkage to national hospital admission data, demographic and comorbidity details of CYP who died of SARS-CoV-2 were compared to all other deaths. Absolute risk of death was estimated where denominator data were available. Findings3105 CYP died from all causes during the first pandemic year in England. 61 of these deaths occurred in CYP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 25 CYP died of SARS-CoV-2 infection; 22 from acute infection and three from PIMS-TS. 99·995% of CYP with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived. The 25 CYP who died of SARS-CoV-2 equates to a mortality rate of 2/million for the 12,023,568 CYP living in England. CYP >10 years, of Asian and Black ethnic backgrounds, and with comorbidities were over-represented compared to other children.InterpretationSARS-CoV-2 is very rarely fatal in CYP, even among those with underlying comorbidities. These findings are important to guide families, clinicians and policy makers about future shielding and vaccination.
Changing patterns of bloodstream infections in the community and in acute care across two COVID-19 epidemic waves: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhu Nina J , Rawson Timothy M , Mookerjee Siddharth , Price James R , Davies Frances , Otter Jonathan , Aylin Paul , Hope Russell , Gilchrist Mark , Shersing Yeeshika , Holmes Alison 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction We examined the epidemiology of community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients across two epidemic waves. Methods We analysed blood cultures, SARS-CoV-2 tests, and hospital episodes of patients presenting and admitted to a London hospital group between January 2020 and February 2021. We reported BSI incidence, as well as changes in sampling, case mix, bed and staff capacity, and COVID-19 variants. Results 34,044 blood cultures were taken. We identified 1,047 BSIs; 653 (62.4%) defined epidemiologically as community-acquired and 394 (37.6%) as hospital-acquired. BSI rates and community / hospital ratio were similar to those pre-pandemic. However, important changes in patterns were seen. Among community-acquired BSIs, Escherichia coli BSIs remained lower than pre-pandemic level during the two COVID-19 waves, however peaked following lockdown easing in May 2020, deviating from the historical trend of peaking in August. The hospital-acquired BSI rate was 100.4 per 100,000 patient-days across the pandemic, increasing to 132.3 during the first COVID-19 wave and 190.9 during the second, with significant increase seen in elective non-COVID-19 inpatients. Patients who developed a hospital-acquired BSI, including those without COVID-19, experienced 20.2 excess days of hospital stay and 26.7% higher mortality, higher than reported in pre-pandemic literature. In intensive care units (ICUs), the overall BSI rate was 311.8 per 100,000 patient-ICU days, increasing to 421.0 during the second wave, compared to 101.3 pre-COVID. The BSI incidence in those infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant was similar to that seen with earlier variants. Conclusion The pandemic and national responses have had an impact on patterns of community- and hospital-acquired BSIs, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Factors driving the observed BSI patterns are complex, including changed patient mix, deferred access to health care, and sub-optimal practice. Infection surveillance needs to consider key aspects of pandemic response and changes in healthcare access and practice.
Influence of humic acids in lowland peat on the remediation properties of wheat plants against heavy metal contamination
Authors: Kirdey T. A. 
Published: July 2021

Phytoremediation is a promising technology for removing heavy metals from soil and water. Despite the pronounced increase in heavy metal accumulation by cultivated plants under the influence of naturally occurring complexing agents, such as humic acids, their efficiency in phytoremediation has been poorly studied. In this regard, the aim of this work is to elucidate the effect of peat humic acid formulations on the remediation potential of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) against heavy metal contamination. The influence of polymetallic pollution on the remediation properties of wheat was studied in model vegetation experiments using a culture solution. Plants were grown in a Hoagland nutrient solution. A complex exposure to heavy metals was simulated using 10 pmol/L CdSO4, 25 and 50 pmol/L CuSO4, 500 and 1000 pmol/L Pb(NO3)2 in various combinations with or without the addition of a peat humic acid formulation (0.005%).The phytoremediation efficiency of the humic acid formulation was determined by the removal of heavy metals during the heading stage of wheat growth. The research results showed that the phytoremediation efficiency of the humic acid formulation is defined by both an increase in the absorption of heavy metals and a decrease in their toxic action on the plants. In the case of mixed contamination of the solution with highly toxic heavy metals, the samples with humic acids showed a 1.2-2.5-fold increase in the accumulation of copper and cadmium by wheat plants. The data demonstrates the possibility of using the formulation of peat humic acids in phytoremediation technologies as an effector of heavy metal phytoextraction.
Prototipe Manajemen Keamanan Jaringan di Pesantren (Study Kasus Pesantren Madinatunnajah)
Authors: Majid Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Saat ini jaringan merupakan suatu layanan yang sangat dibutuhkan. Masalah yang ada antara lain adalah otentikasi user, manajemen user hotspot, pengaturan bandwidth, serta adanya penyusup yang tidak diinginkan. Maka perlu pengembangan sistem jaringan yang dapat memberi keamanan otentikasi bagi user dan pengelolaan bandwidth. Pengembangan jaringan berarti menyusun sistem baru dan akan menggantikan sistem lama atau memperbaiki system yang telah ada. Khususnya masalah otentikasi dan bandwidth. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Applied Research dengan pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode NDLC (Network Development Life Cycle). Metode Pengumpulan data menggunakan Wawancara, Observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem keamanan jaringan memiliki kualitas baik dengan prosentase sebesar 82,5% dan memenuhi kebutuhan organisasi di Pondok Pesantren Madinatunnajah.
Increasing The Capacity of Headstega Based on Bitwise Operation
Authors: Hasmawati Hasmawati , Barmawi Ari Moesriami 
Published: July 2021

Headstega (Head steganography) is a noiseless steganography that used email headers as a cover for concealing messages. However, it has less embedding capacity and it raises suspicion. For overcoming the problem, bitwise operation is proposed. In the proposed method, the message was embedded into the cover by converting the message and the cover into binary representation based on a mapping table that was already known by the sender and the receiver. Furthermore, XOR bitwise operations were applied to the secret message and cover bits based on random numbers that were generated using a modular function. Moreover, the result was converted into characters that represent the secret message bits. After embedding the message into the cover, an email alias was generated to camouflage the secret message characters. Finally, the sender sends the embedded cover and the email alias to the recipient. Using the proposed method, the embedding capacity is 89% larger than using the original Headstega. For reducing the adversary’s suspicion, the existing email address was used instead of creating a new email address.
Control of desalination plants using sliding mode scheme with state observer
Authors: Phuc Bui Duc Hong , You Sam-Sang , Kim Hwan-Seong , Lee Sang-Do 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with real-time control with observer to manipulate desalination plants as well as to monitor system states for smart operations. The controller plays an important role in achieving stabilization of reverse osmosis (RO) systems to guarantee the desired water product and concentration. The super-twisting (STW) sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm guarantees performance while reducing chattering. Supposing that all the state variables are not available by sensors, the observer is implemented to provide state estimation. Since smart operations depend on control algorithm and sensor availability, the proposed strategy provides robustness to ensure the water productivity even under uncertainties or under failure of sensors. The robustness is guaranteed by active controller where 80% of disturbance is eliminated in product water flow and that of product water quality is approximately 95%. As well, the state observer can produce precise predictions of the unmeasured states. Sliding mode control with observer provides the system with stability, while assuring better performances against uncertainties. Finally, the active controller with state estimator can guarantee a robust control strategy and monitoring system to extend the life of the filters and membranes, while ensuring sustainability. This control strategy is highly recommended for smart operations of desalination plants.
Application of temporal convolutional network for flood forecasting
Authors: Xu Yuanhao , Hu Caihong , Wu Qiang , Li Zhichao , Jian Shengqi , Chen Youqian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rainfall–runoff modeling is a complex nonlinear time-series problem in the field of hydrology. Various methods, such as physical-driven and data-driven models, have been developed to study the highly random rainfall–runoff process. In the past 2 years, with the advancement of computing hardware resources and algorithms, deep-learning methods, such as temporal convolutional network (TCN), have been shown to be good prospects in time-series prediction tasks. The aim of this study is to develop a prediction model based on TCN structure to simulate the hourly rainfall–runoff relationship. We use two datasets in the Jingle and Kuye watersheds to test the model under different network structures and compare with the other four models. The results show that the TCN model outperforms the Excess Infiltration and Excess Storage Model (EIESM), artificial neural network, and long short-term memory and improves the flood forecasting accuracy at different foreseeable periods. It is shown that the TCN has a faster convergence rate and is an effective method for hydrological forecasting.
(S,R)3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-5-Isoxazole Acetic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Through TGF-β/Smad4 Axis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Qibing , Wang Yan , Li Fen , Cheng Xiang , Xiao Yu , Chen Shiming , Xiao Bokui , Tao Zezhang 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), originally reported as an inflammation regulating
molecule, is elevated in various cancer cells, which may promote carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, ISO-1 is a potent
small molecular inhibitor of MIF, which has not been investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), hence the
impact of ISO-1 on NPC cells remains to be illustrated.

Objective:
This study intended to explore the biological function of ISO-1 in NPC cells in vitro and prove a possibility
of ISO-1 being a novel agent in NPC treatments.

Methods:
Gene expression of MIF in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma was obtained from The Cancer Genome
Atlas (TCGA) database. Nasal pharyngeal tissues were collected from adult patients undergoing nasopharyngeal
biopsy for MIF level detection. Proliferation of NPC cell lines 5-8B and 6-10B was studied using Cell Counting Kit-8
(CCK-8) assay and plate-colony-formation assay, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining,
migration and invasion capacities were measured by wound-healing assay and transwell assay, all to explore the function
of ISO-1 in NPC cells in vitro. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) level of NPC cells was determined by
Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay.

Results:
Transcript level of MIF was significantly higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Protein MIF was
overexpressed in human NPC tissues compared to non-cancerous ones, and its expression could be compromised by
ISO-1 in vitro. 100μM ISO-1 significantly hindered NPC cells' migration and invasion capacities in vitro but acted
relatively poorly on proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting implied a downregulated
EMT level through TGF-β/Smad4 axis in ISO-1 treated NPC cells compared to the vehicle

Conclusion:
This study indicated that MIF antagonist ISO-1 holds an impact on NPC progression by influencing the
migration and invasion of NPC cells ISO-1 inhibits the EMT process of NPC cells through TGF-β/Smad4 axis, supporting
that prudent application of ISO-1 may be a potential adjuvant treatment for NPC.