bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark Ecology in One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera
Authors: Flores William 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the notions of dark ecology, the Capitalocene, and hyperobjects to delve into a re-reading of Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera that interrogates how those literary works provide valuable ecological awareness for the present era. Additionally, the article explores how Gabo’s works present a global ecological vision that enables the reader to observe a destroyed imaginary world where humanity dies after an ecocatastrophe produced by excessive human interference in the natural world. The novels analyzed are not narratives of an idealized primordial past or a catharsis that immerses us in the natural world to clean our minds from guilty environmental reality; instead, the narratives portray tenets of dark ecology, which attempt to provide a vivid portrayal of an environmental dilemma. The novels can be read through the lens of dark ecology as evidencing closeness to the earth; in them the omnipresent theme of solitude enables the reader to be in tune with nature more than as a mere presentation of an idealized interconnection with the environment. Before delving into the analysis of the novels, the essay provides a review of recent criticism and a brief examination of new developments in ecocritical theory.
Repetition and Alchemy in One Hundred Years of Solitude
Authors: Prieto René 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In One Hundred Years of Solitude all generations of Buendías live fully, but neither wisely nor well. With their compulsion for repeating themselves, each generation makes the same mistakes and indulges in the same vices until, ultimately, the town of Macondo is wiped out. But why is solitude portrayed as such a blemish, and why are so many relationships in the Buendía family incestuous? Furthermore, what did García Márquez have in mind when he portrayed the last member of this family reading the story of his own life, including the moment that is unfolding while he reads? There is no doubt about it: One Hundred Years is both ambiguous and deceptive. Deceptive because although the author dwells on two subjects—a family history in which names and behaviors are duplicated, and the discipline of alchemy—he details neither the reason for the obsessive repetitions in the one nor the hidden significance of the other. In fact, this novel has both an exoteric, literal meaning and an esoteric, inner teaching; grounded on a symbolic seedbed, its deeper message is not readily available. The same is true of alchemy; in this arcane science, the transmutation of metals into gold is only the tip of the iceberg. This article shows how the lore of alchemy provides a structural blueprint for García Márquez’s allegorical novel while at the same time this occult science sheds light on the recondite mysteries this great prankster of an author has ruefully wrought.
Coloniality and Solitude in García Márquez’s Public Speeches and Newspaper Articles
Authors: López-Calvo Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gabriel García Márquez’s magical realist narrative mode has been criticized by some scholars and by younger Latin American writers of resorting to a certain tropicalism that exoticizes Latin America as a region where violence and sensuality dominate every aspect of daily life, thus selling a magical Third World underdevelopment full of superstitions, mythical legends, popular folklore, and distortions of time for the Global North’s reading markets that is quite different from everyday reality in the region. Yet whether or not one agrees with this assessment, there is undoubtedly a different image of Latin America when one reads García Márquez’s journalism and public speeches. This article contrasts the author’s novelistic, magical realist image of Latin America in some of his works with the typically more realistic one (there are some exceptions) presented in his speeches collected in the volume I’m Not Here to Give a Speech (2010). Thus, in his 1982 speech “The Solitude of Latin America,” given during his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance, as well as in his 1995 speeches “Latin America Exists” and “Dreams for the Twenty-First Century,” one finds an anti-Eurocentric stance, in which he demands that Europe try to conceive of Latin America in a different, less paternalistic way. He demands that non-Eurocentric, Latin American worldviews and ways of being in the world be respected in equal terms. Moreover, a sober, realistic denunciation of injustice, infant mortality, disappearance, genocide, imperialism, the abundance of forced exiles and refugees, and other social evils pervades many of these speeches.
Writing and Politics in García Márquez’s Early Works
Authors: Rueda María Helena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gabriel García Márquez’s first novels, Leaf Storm (1955), No One Writes to the Colonel (1961), and In Evil Hour (1962), offer a realist approach to the politics and everyday lives of people in the coastal towns of Colombia. The publication of One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), the novel that thrust García Márquez onto the world stage, brought widespread attention to its “magical realism.” His earlier novels were often seen as mere antecedents, a product of the author’s formative years. This article reads them as important works in their own right, studying them against their contentious historical backdrop and in the context of García Márquez’s work as a journalist at the time. These novels were written in the highly politicized years of the Cold War, which in Colombia were marked by a brutal armed conflict, and in the wider Latin American context saw the rise of the Cuban Revolution. An important question for writers was how to address in their work the pressing political realities of their times. García Márquez actively participated in such debates, and these early novels reflect his thinking on the subject. More overtly political and engaged with local social struggles than his later best-known books, they offer a window into the reflections of a writer on the politics of his craft. They also provide an acute literary exploration of what it means for a society to live under the shadow of violence.
Pathology, Power, and Patriarchy in The Autumn of the Patriarch and The General in His Labyrinth
Authors: Weldt-Basson Helene C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In both of his political novels, The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975) and The General in His Labyrinth (1989), García Márquez employs similar themes and narrative strategies to portray very different protagonists. The Patriarch is a prototypical Latin American dictator, while Simón Bolívar is the hero of Latin American independence. The protagonists share numerous characteristics, such as illnesses that serve as metaphors for their loss of power (physical in the case of the General, mental in the case of the Patriarch), characterization through their numerous sexual encounters, their distaste for losing at games, and their control of national funds. The Patriarch’s pathology functions to underscore a psychological obsession with power, whose loss corresponds to the Patriarch’s mental deterioration and ultimate senility, while the General’s illness relies on traditional associations of consumption as representative of melancholy (as outlined by Sontag in Illness as Metaphor), thus romanticizing the figure of Bolívar. This essay examines how García Márquez employs similar tropes and novelistic elements to evolve very different portraits of his two protagonists: the Patriarch as a mythic figure who epitomizes evil and the abuse of power, and the General as a postmodern historical figure who combines his power obsession with other mitigating characteristics, such as the love of his continent and the dream of its unity. A contraposition of these two characters illustrates social psychological distinctions between the dominance and the functionalist perspectives of power, in addition to clarifying many of the ambiguities inherent in García Márquez’s portrait of Bolívar.
The Threefold Selves in García Márquez’s Writing
Authors: Sims Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study examines the evolution and interaction of writerly, autobiographical, and testimonial selves in García Márquez’s work by concentrating on a select number of texts from 1955 to 2004. Three factors contribute to the role of these selves in his writing: (1) the author states in his memoir that he realized at an early age that he only wanted to be a writer; (2) From the publication of One Hundred Years of Solitude in 1967 to the end of his life, he remained universally loved by readers and critics; and (3) the use of the refrito, or follow-up story, in his investigative journalism for El Espectador in the 1950s in Bogotá became an integral part of his writing. Although the interplay of his writerly, autobiographical, and testimonial selves appears at different moments in his fiction as well as his nonfiction, he achieves the most intricate balance between the three in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. While his writerly self overshadows his autobiographical and testimonial selves, they nevertheless play a prominent and essential role in his writing, albeit in hybridized forms.
The Arabs and Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: El Attar Heba 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 2014, newspapers across the Spanish-speaking world covered how the international press paid tribute to García Márquez. Particular attention was given to the extensive eulogies in the Arab press. A special homage was paid to the author’s memory in Saudi Arabia, where the Third South American-Arab Countries Summit was being held at the time. This was not Naguib Mahfuz; this was García Márquez. How was it possible for a Latin American author to become that popular across the Arab world? How was it possible for his novels to be referenced naturally in popular Arab films such as The Embassy in the Building (2005)? Was all this simply due to the fact that in postindependence Latin America, particularly since the 1940s, there has been a growing de-orientalist discourse? Or did García Márquez craft a particular dialogue with the internal and external Arabs? With all this in mind, and by drawing on Latin American (de)orientalism in the works of Kushigian, Nagy-Zekmi, and Tyutina, among others, this article analyzes the dimensions and implications of García Márquez’s depiction of the internal Arab (immigrant in Latin America) in some of his novels as well as his dialogue with the external Arab (the Arab world) in some of his press articles.
Fictions of Difficult Love in García Márquez
Authors: González Aníbal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Following Denis de Rougemont’s pithy assertion at the beginning of his influential Love in the Western World: “Happy love has no history,” Gabriel García Márquez explores through much of his work what he calls “difficult loves” and the artistic as well as ethical paradoxes they entail. As De Rougemont suggests, the first and most obvious way in which love can be “difficult” is the unhappiness and pain caused by love as eros, or amorous passion. The Swiss thinker then contrasts eros with the Christian concept of agape, or brotherly love, which he views as a remedy to the often-destructive effects of passion. This article argues, however, that García Márquez’s concept of “difficult loves” encompasses both forms of love, and with regard to agape, underscores that the search for empathy in a world ruled by violence and power can be just as fraught as the passion of erotic love to those who seek it out. Can literature give rise to empathy, or is fiction condemned to merely repeat violence even while denouncing it? Through a succinct commentary on the love theme in works from García Márquez’s middle and late periods, from One Hundred Years of Solitude and Innocent Eréndira to Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of Cholera, and News of a Kidnapping, this article traces the Colombian Nobel Prize winner’s implicit reflections about literature’s possible role in fostering social harmony and human empathy in the face of violence, political oppression, and selfishness.
Oversight of Administrative Justice Systems
Authors: Nason Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Administrative justice systems have developed in light of social, cultural, political, and legal changes. Given this background, how can the collection of laws, institutions, procedures, and principles constituting administrative justice be subject to effective oversight? This chapter evaluates some of the bodies that have developed, at various points in time in various contexts, purportedly as a means to oversee all, or the majority of, particular administrative justice systems. It categorizes administrative justice oversight bodies into five main (non-exhaustive) types: 1) statutory whole network oversight bodies; 2) non-statutory whole network oversight; 3) academic-led oversight; 4) membership organizations; and 5) top administrative court oversight. The first four types are, or have been, most prevalent in common law systems, while the fifth tends to be more associated with civil law jurisdictions having a distinct hierarchy of administrative courts. This chapter focuses on the first four types of oversight. It explains and evaluates them against particular characteristics; the breadth of administrative justice; the relationship between oversight and reform; the influence of politics on oversight; the tasks of oversight bodies, their independence and funding; and evidencing their impacts. It briefly examines oversight activity by international bodies such as the Council of Europe and concludes with suggested characteristics for effective future oversight.
Directions for Future Research on Administrative Justice
Authors: Sunkin Maurice , Marsons Lee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdministrative justice is central to peoples’ relationship with government. As the current volume illustrates, this field is attracting diverse work using a range of methods across jurisdictions. After considering the breadth of research, from basic or discovery research to applied research, the article focuses on the UK context, where the administrative justice landscape is marked by complexity and fragmentation, to consider key research challenges. While stressing the value of diversity, the article argues for the need to adopt a more proactive and coordinated approach to research that enables greater collaboration and dialogue between independent researchers and government, policymakers, the professions, other users of research, and funders. As well as building research into system design and evaluation, such an approach will help overcome practical obstacles facing researchers and enable priority research needs to be identified and met without being dominated by government’s policy agenda. The article argues that these priority needs include work on: improving the availability of information on how administrative justice systems operate; the use of new technologies including AI; and on how people engage (or fail to engage) with, and are affected by, administrative justice. The article concludes by suggesting questions drawn from the UK experience that may be of relevance across other jurisdictions.
Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Older Adults
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Cotten Shelia R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the United States, more people are turning 65 daily than at any prior point in history. This demographic transition will likely continue for several decades. Older adults experience health declines as they age in addition to increased chronic health conditions. Though older adults are increasingly using information and communication technologies (ICTs), a digital divide still exists. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the research on the digital divide and ICT use among older adults, including what is currently known about the impacts of ICT use on older adults’ health and quality of life, limitations in measurement tools and existing data sources, and future directions for others hoping to advance research on this topic.
Negotiating Intimacy via Dating Websites and Apps
Authors: Buggs Shantel Gabrieal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the early 2000s, researchers have illustrated the primacy of online spaces for people to find platonic, sexual, and/or romantic intimacy. Online dating has increasingly become among the most common ways for couples of all sexual orientations—particularly heterosexuals and gay men—to meet in the United States. As the study of online and offline intimacy moves forward, it is necessary not only to assess the effects of political contexts and discrimination but to consider how marginalized groups like queer women, trans and nonbinary people, fat, and/or disabled people rely on and navigate these spaces in their efforts to fulfill their sexual lives and find romance. This article provides an overview of existing sociological research on online dating to illuminate the ways dating websites/apps are shaping contemporary relationship formation along the axes of race, gender, class, and sexuality, while also noting avenues for new research trajectories.
Digital Religion
Authors: Aupers Stef , de Wildt Lars 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the role of digital media in the shift toward a “post-secular society.” Whereas classical sociologists presented technology and religion as incompatible by depicting technology’s spread as a powerful force of rationalization, disenchantment, and, ultimately, secularization, such assumptions have been contested as modernist ideologies rather than empirical assessments. By reviewing the literature thereon, the authors suggest, firstly, that traditional religions spread through digital media; secondly, that religious contents play a large role in digital media; and, thirdly, that there is an emergence of religions of digital media, placing digital technology itself at the center of religious speculation. As a consequence, the authors argue that this digitalization of religion makes clear that sociological assumptions about the incompatibility between technology and religion and related theories about progressive secularization and disenchantment have become problematic.
Masculinities Theory as Impetus for Change in Feminism and Law
Authors: McGinley Ann C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
“Masculinities studies” refers to a body of theory and scholarship by gender experts in various fields of social science that has enriched the feminist analysis of law. In drawing on and incorporating masculinities theories into their work, feminist legal scholars have defined “masculinities” as a structure that gives men as a group power over women as a group, a set of “masculine” practices designed to maintain group power, and the engagement in or “doing” of these masculine practices. Although masculinities studies originated in fields outside law, legal scholars have adopted insights raised by masculinities scholars, combined with those of feminist theory, queer theory, and critical race theory, to develop a legal theory of masculinities that proposes new legal interpretations and policies that better correspond to the lived experiences of persons of different genders, races, and classes. This chapter explores how masculinities research has influenced legal feminism in the United States.
Constitutionalizing Reproductive Rights (and Justice)
Authors: Murray Melissa , Meyers Hilarie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade, the U.S. Supreme Court framed constitutional protections for reproductive rights around the right to privacy. But the Court’s emphasis on privacy was not inevitable. Rather, in the 1960s and 1970s, advocates challenging laws prohibiting contraception and abortion offered a wide range of constitutional grounds in which to root reproductive freedom, including claims of race, class, and sex inequality. Nevertheless, mainstream reproductive rights groups reiterated Griswold and Roe’s privacy logic in their advocacy efforts, further entrenching the rhetoric of privacy, individual choice, and negative rights. However, advocates on the ground sought to recuperate the concerns of race, sex, and class inequality that had previously marked reproductive rights advocacy, and by the 1990s, the reproductive justice movement had emerged as a counterpoint to the traditional reproductive rights framework. Over time, the intersectional elements of the reproductive justice movement have infiltrated mainstream reproductive rights advocacy, widening the range and scope of reproductive rights discourse. But critically, as aspects of reproductive justice have been integrated into mainstream reproductive rights discourse, those opposed to reproductive rights—from antiabortion groups to members of the Supreme Court—have sought to coopt the reproductive justice movement’s rhetoric for their own purposes. Rather than viewing access to abortion and contraception as essential to women’s equality, this new conservative discourse argues that reproductive rights are rooted in, and function as, tools of, race, sex, class, and disability-based inequality and injustice.
Feminism’s Transformation of Legal Education and Unfinished Agenda
Authors: Abrams Jamie R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Feminism has had a broad influence in legal education. Feminist critiques have challenged the substance of legal rules, the methods of law teaching, and the culture of legal education. Following decades of advocacy, feminist pedagogical reforms have generated new fields, new courses, new laws, new leaders, and new feminist spaces. There are many reasons to celebrate the accomplishments of our feminist pioneers and champions. Yet, COVID-19 has also exposed all the vulnerabilities and tenuousness of feminist gains too. Critical work remains for faculty, administrators, and students to carry the work forward with a vigilant purpose and determination.
Changes in TMS measures induced by repetitive TMS
Authors: Classen Joseph , Huang Ying-Zu , Zrenner Christoph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Commonly used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols, including regular rTMS, intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulation (TBS) and quadripulse stimulation (QPS) are presented with respect to their induced neuromodulatory after-effects and the underlying cellular and synaptic neurophysiological mechanisms. The anatomical target is typically primary motor cortex since motor evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after the intervention can be used to assess effects of the respective rTMS protocol. High-frequency regular rTMS and intermittent TBS protocols tend to increase corticospinal excitability as indexed by MEP amplitude, whereas low-frequency regular rTMS and continuous TBS protocols tend to reduce corticospinal excitability. These effects are primarily due to LTP-like and LTD-like synaptic changes mediated by GABA and NMDA receptors. Changes in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory cortical microcircuits play a secondary role, with inconsistent effects as determined by paired-pulse TMS protocols. Finally, the challenge of large inter-subject response variability, and current directions of research to optimize rTMS effects through EEG-dependent personalized TMS are discussed.