bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masticatory function before and after masticatory muscle‐related temporomandibular disorder treatment: An observational study
Authors: Çetiner Reşat Batuhan , Ergün‐Kunt Göknil , Yüceer‐Çetiner Ezgi , Schimmel Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuscle‐related temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may affect the masticatory function. Chewing function can be assessed objectively using bolus‐kneading tests, such as two‐colour chewing‐gum mixing ability test.ObjectiveThe aim was to compare the masticatory function with a two‐colour chewing‐gum test before and after treatment of the masticatory muscle‐related temporomandibular disorder.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with masticatory muscle disorder according to Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were recruited as an experimental group, and further twenty‐one participants without any TMD were included as controls. Pain intensity (scored on a visual‐analogue scale) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were recorded. Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) was conducted on all patients. Before and after treatment, masticatory function was evaluated with a validated bolus‐kneading test, using two‐colour chewing gum.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in chewing function before and after treatment in the experimental group (p = .715). When these values were compared with the control group, there were no statistically significant differences (p = .489, p = .890). There was no correlation between masticatory function and VAS, MMO, JFLS‐8 before and after treatment in the experimental group.ConclusionThe two‐colour chewing‐gum test is not sensitive when the masticatory performance is not severely impaired.
Redefining help through peer support
Authors: Uren Emma‐Jane , Inder Maree L. 
Published: November 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Traditional mental health services are not meeting the needs of service users.

Peer support is an alternative approach of providing support founded on relationship where there is respect and shared responsibility.

Peer support relationships are mutual and reciprocal.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The experience of peer‐led care can be transformative.

A key aspect is the validation and valuing of lived experience and being seen as a person not as an illness.

The nature and quality of relationships is paramount and needs to be based on equity.

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

Nurses have a key role to advocate and promote peer support services.

Relationships need to be based on respect and “being alongside” service users in their recovery journey rather than trying to “fix the problem.”

AbstractIntroductionPeer‐led services provide an approach to support based on mutuality, respect and shared experience.AimTo provide an understanding of my experiences of receiving help from a peer‐led service.MethodJournaling experiences captured in detail the reality of my experiences at the time and were used to inform this paper.ResultsThe Narrative describes entering a Peer‐Led Acute Alternative Service when I was amid a mental health crisis and feeling broken. Here, relationships were based on connecting with others who have experienced similar struggles, being seen as an individual rather than a patient, treated with dignity and respect, being heard, having my feelings acknowledged rather than medicated and feeling understood. This created a shift in me to a place of healing and finding meaning in my experiences of mental distress which led to me training in peer support.DiscussionPeer‐led services can be a transformative experience which redefines the relationship and shifts the person from being a passive recipient of help to an active participant in their recovery. Choice and increased options for peer services as an integral aspect of services available for individuals on their mental health journey is critical.
Formation of texture quality of raspberry snack under microwave puffing
Authors: Ma Wenyu , Feng Shaoxuan , Zhao Wei , Xue Liangliang , Shen Liuyang , Zheng Xianzhe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRaspberry snack, as a novel berry product, has rich favor and high crisp taste, where controllable texture quality is conducive to the palatability of the snack. Determinative factors of microwave puffing in microwave intensity and duration and key property of material in Young's modulus were introduced to investigate the formation of texture quality of berry snack under microwave puffing. The results indicate that the microwave intensity has negative correlation with Young's modulus of raspberry chips, which causes the more porosity inside under microwave puffing. Reasonable Young's modulus of raspberry chips enhances the interior porosity and exterior expansion volume of raspberry snack due to the water vapor wrapped other than escaped. The greater microwave intensity results in the higher volume expansion of raspberry chips, in which the great volume expansion from porous pores structure confers moderate hardness. In microwave puffing, the formation of hardness and crispness of raspberry snack depend on microwave puffing parameters, leading to high temperature and great dehydration rate in quick puffing duration, in addition to Young's modulus of raspberry chips, where high dehydration rate accelerates water removal inside raspberry chips to form a harder texture with decreasing springiness, whereas low dehydration rate leads to the gentle change of springiness. Raspberry snack with uniform internal pores and regular shape forming desirable texture may be achieved under the microwave intensity of 7.5 W/g and the puffing duration of 6 min. This study indicates that high‐quality raspberry snack may be achieved via controlling heating rate in microwave puffing.
Microbial fuel cell performance for aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation and common effluent treatment plant wastewater treatment with bioelectricity generation through series-parallel connection
Authors: Mukherjee A. , Patel R. , Zaveri P. , Shah M.T. , Munshi N.S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging technology which has been immensely investigated for wastewater treatment along with electricity generation. In the present study, the treatment efficiency of MFC was investigated for hydrocarbon containing wastewater by optimizing various parameters of MFC. Mediator-less MFC (1·2 l) was constructed, and its performance was compared with mediated MFC with Escherichia coli as a biocatalyst. MFC with electrode having biofilm proved to be better compared with MFC inoculated with suspended cells. Analysis of increasing surface area of electrode by increasing their numbers indicated increase in COD reduction from 55 to 75%. Catholyte volume was optimized to be 750 ml. Sodium benzoate (0·721 g l–1) and actual common effluent treatment plant (CETP) wastewater as anolyte produced 0·8 and 0·6 V voltage and 89 and 50% COD reduction, respectively, when a novel consortium of four bacterial strains were used. Twenty MFC systems with the developed consortium when electrically connected in series-parallel connection were able to generate 2·3 V and 0·5 mA current. This is the first report demonstrating the application of CETP wastewater in the MFC system, which shows potential of the system towards degradation of complex organic components present in industrial wastewater.
Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in children with autoimmune liver diseases and is linked to visceral fat and parent‐perceived general health
Authors: Amevor Antoinette A. , Yodoshi Toshifumi , Trout Andrew T. , Dillman Jonathan R. , Singh Ruchi , Jarvis Ryan , Fei Lin , Liu Chunyan , Taylor Amy , Miethke Alexander , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary or autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis are at nutritional risk; their body composition and has not been extensively studied. We aimed to describe their body composition and identify clinical links.MethodsUsing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), two reviewers segmented total psoas muscle area (tPMSA), visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (mm2) and measured visceral and subcutaneous thickness (mm). Clinical, laboratory and quality of life (QoL; using PedsQL) data were collected. Sarcopenia was defined as tPMSA ≤5th percentile. Analysis of variance, Wilcoxon rank test and multivariable modelling were performed. A paediatric cohort with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was used as a comparator following propensity score matching.ResultsFifty‐eight patients with autoimmune liver disease (AILD) (33 [57%] with AIH) were included: median age 16 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13‐18), 33 (57%) male. Median time from diagnosis to MRI was 15 months (IQR: 2‐39 months). Two patients (3%) had a BMIz indicative of mild malnutrition. tPMSA was measurable in 52 subjects (90%). Of those, 25 (48%) had sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients had a lower blood urea nitrogen compared to non‐sarcopenic (median [IQR]: 9.5 [8.0, 12.0] vs 11 [10, 14] mg/dL; P = .023). There was no difference in corticosteroid use between groups. The VFA of sarcopenic patients was higher (3156 [2064, 7492]) vs 2084 [688, 3092]) mm2; P = .005). Patient‐reported QoL negatively associated with VFA and general health negatively associated with VFA. Compared with NAFLD, the odds ratio for sarcopenia with AILD was 14.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.3‐90.7).ConclusionIn autoimmune liver diseases, sarcopenia is highly prevalent, associated with increased visceral fat and QoL.
Association of skeletal muscle index with postoperative acute kidney injury in living donor hepatectomy: A retrospective single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Sim Ji‐Hoon , Kwon Hye‐Mee , Jun In‐Gu , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Kim Kyoung‐Sun , Moon Young‐Jin , Song Jun‐Gol , Hwang Gyu‐Sam , Ko YouSun , Kim Kyung‐Won 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is the standard treatment option for patients with end‐stage liver disease, it always entails ethical concerns about the risk of living donors. Recent studies have reported a correlation between sarcopenia and surgical prognosis in recipients. However, there are few studies of donor sarcopenia and the surgical prognosis of donors. This study investigated the association between sarcopenia and postoperative acute kidney injury in liver donors.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed 2892 donors who underwent donor hepatectomy for LDLT between January 2008 and January 2018. Sarcopenia was classified into pre‐sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, which were determined to be −1 standard deviation (SD), and −2 SD from the mean baseline of the skeletal muscle index, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between donor sarcopenia and postoperative AKI. Additionally, we assessed the association between donor sarcopenia and delayed recovery of liver function (DRHF).ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, donor sarcopenia was significantly associated a higher incidence of postoperative AKI (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–6.11,P = .022 in pre‐sarcopenia, OR: 5.59, 95% CI: 1.11–28.15,P = .037 in severe sarcopenia, respectively). Additionally, hypertension and synthetic colloid use were significantly associated with postoperative AKI. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors of DRHF were male gender, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes, and graft type, however, donor sarcopenia was not a risk factor.ConclusionsDonor sarcopenia is associated with postoperative AKI following donor hepatectomy.
Inflammatory activity affects the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography but not by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mendoza Yuly P. , Rodrigues Susana G. , Delgado Maria G. , Murgia Giuseppe , Lange Naomi F. , Schropp Jonas , Montani Matteo , Dufour Jean‐François , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the impact of the severity of steatosis and inflammatory activity on the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE) and by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) in staging liver fibrosis is still debated and scarce. We aimed to focus on this aspect.MethodsWe prospectively studied 104 patients requiring biopsy for the assessment of NAFLD. We used ordinary least squares regression to test for differences in the association between fibrosis and LSM by TE and 2D‐SWE when other factors (steatosis and inflammatory activity) are considered.ResultsAmong 104 patients, 102 had reliable LSM by TE, and 88 had valid LSM by 2D‐SWE. The association between fibrosis based on histology and LSM was significantly stronger when 2D‐SWE assessed LSM compared to TE (Spearman's correlation coefficient of .71; P < .001 vs .51, P < .001; Z = 2.21, P = .027). Inflammatory activity was an independent predictor of LSM by TE but not of LSM by 2D‐SWE. After controlling for fibrosis, age, sex and body mass index, the inflammatory activity and the interaction between inflammatory activity and fibrosis independently explained 11% and 13% of variance in LSM by TE respectively. Steatosis did not affect the association of fibrosis and LSM by either method.ConclusionInflammatory activity on histology significantly affects LSM by TE, but not LSM by 2D‐SWE in NAFLD. LSM by 2D‐SWE reflects liver fibrosis more accurately than LSM by TE. Furthermore, the severity of steatosis on histology did not influence the association of LSM and fibrosis by either elastography method.
EHD2 modulates Dll4 endocytosis during blood vessel development
Authors: Webb Amelia M. , Francis Caitlin R. , Judson Rachael J. , Kincross Hayle , Lundy Keanna M. , Westhoff Dawn E. , Meadows Stryder M. , Kushner Erich J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite the absolute requirement of Delta/Notch signaling to activate lateral inhibition during early blood vessel development, many mechanisms remain unclear about how this system is regulated. Our objective was to determine the involvement of Epsin 15 Homology Domain Containing 2 (EHD2) in delta‐like ligand 4 (Dll4) endocytosis during Notch activation.Approach and ResultsUsing both in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that EHD2 is a novel modulator of Notch activation in endothelial cells through controlling endocytosis of Dll4. In vitro, EHD2 localized to plasma membrane‐bound Dll4 and caveolae. Chemical disruption of caveolae complexes resulted in EHD2 failing to organize around Dll4 as well as loss of Dll4 internalization. Reduced Dll4 internalization blunted Notch activation in endothelial cells. In vivo, EHD2 is primarily expressed in the vasculature, colocalizing with junctional marker VE‐cadherin and Dll4. Knockout of EHD2 in zebrafish produced a significant increase in dysmorphic sprouts in zebrafish intersomitic vessels during development and a reduction in downstream Notch signaling.ConclusionsOverall, we demonstrate that EHD2 is necessary for Dll4 transcytosis and downstream Notch activation.
The Nma1 protein promotes long distance transport mediated by early endosomes in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Schneider Karina , Farr Theresa , Pinter Niko , Schmitt Kerstin , Valerius Oliver , Braus Gerhard H. , Kämper Jörg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly endosomes (EEs) are part of the endocytic transport pathway and resemble the earliest class of transport vesicles between the internalization of extracellular material, their cellular distribution or vacuolar degradation. In filamentous fungi, EEs fulfill important functions in long distance transport of cargoes as mRNAs, ribosomes, and peroxisomes. Formation and maturation of early endosomes is controlled by the specific membrane‐bound Rab‐GTPase Rab5 and tethering complexes as CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering). In the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, Rab5a is the prominent GTPase to recruit CORVET to EEs; in rab5a deletion strains, this function is maintained by the second EE‐associated GTPase Rab5b. The tethering‐ and core‐subunits of CORVET are essential, buttressing a central role for EE transport in U. maydis. The function of EEs in long distance transport is supported by the Nma1 protein that interacts with the Vps3 subunit of CORVET. The interaction stabilizes the binding of Vps3 to the CORVET core complex that is recruited to Rab5a via Vps8. Deletion of nma1 leads to a significantly reduced number of EEs, and an increased conversion rate of EEs to late endosomes. Thus, Nma1 modulates the lifespan of EEs to ensure their availability for the various long distance transport processes.
Association between leukoreduced red blood cell transfusions and hospital‐acquired infections in critically ill children: A secondary analysis of the TRIPICU study
Authors: Flatman Leah K. , Fergusson Dean A. , Lacroix Jacques , Ducruet Thierry , Papenburg Jesse , Fontela Patricia S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) are an important problem in critically ill children. Studies show associations between the transfusion of non‐leukoreduced red blood cell units (RBC) and increased HAI incidence rates (IRs). We hypothesize that transfusing pre‐storage leukoreduced RBC is also associated with increased HAI IR. We aim to evaluate the associations between (1) a leukoreduced RBC restrictive transfusion strategy and HAI IR, (2) leukoreduced RBC transfusions and HAI IR, and (3) the number or volume of leukoreduced RBC transfusions and HAI IR in critically ill children.Materials and MethodsThis post hoc secondary analysis of the “Transfusion Requirement in Paediatric Intensive Care Units” (TRIPICU) randomized controlled trial (637 patients) used quasi‐Poisson multivariable regression models to estimate HAI incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA restrictive transfusion strategy yielded an IRR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.67, 1.16). The association between transfusing leukoreduced RBCs (IRR 1.25; 95% CI 0.73, 2.13) and HAI IR was not statistically significant. However, we observed significant associations between patients who received >20 cc/kg volume of leukoreduced RBC transfusions (IRR 2.14; 95% CI 1.15, 3.99) and ≥3 leukoreduced RBC transfusions (IRR 2.40; 95% CI 1.15, 4.99) and HAI IR.ConclusionExposing critically ill children to >20 cc/kg or ≥3 leukoreduced RBC transfusions were associated with higher HAI IR, suggesting dose–response patterns.
Semantic segmentation of gonio-photographs via adaptive ROI localisation and uncertainty estimation
Authors: Peroni Andrea , Paviotti Anna , Campigotto Mauro , Abegão Pinto Luis , Cutolo Carlo Alberto , Gong Jacintha , Patel Sirjhun , Cobb Caroline , Gillan Stewart , Tatham Andrew , Trucco Emanuele 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo develop and test a deep learning (DL) model for semantic segmentation of anatomical layers of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) in digital gonio-photographs.Methods and analysisWe used a pilot dataset of 274 ACA sector images, annotated by expert ophthalmologists to delineate five anatomical layers: iris root, ciliary body band, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork and cornea. Narrow depth-of-field and peripheral vignetting prevented clinicians from annotating part of each image with sufficient confidence, introducing a degree of subjectivity and features correlation in the ground truth. To overcome these limitations, we present a DL model, designed and trained to perform two tasks simultaneously: (1) maximise the segmentation accuracy within the annotated region of each frame and (2) identify a region of interest (ROI) based on local image informativeness. Moreover, our calibrated model provides results interpretability returning pixel-wise classification uncertainty through Monte Carlo dropout.ResultsThe model was trained and validated in a 5-fold cross-validation experiment on ~90% of available data, achieving ~91% average segmentation accuracy within the annotated part of each ground truth image of the hold-out test set. An appropriate ROI was successfully identified in all test frames. The uncertainty estimation module located correctly inaccuracies and errors of segmentation outputs.ConclusionThe proposed model improves the only previously published work on gonio-photographs segmentation and may be a valid support for the automatic processing of these images to evaluate local tissue morphology. Uncertainty estimation is expected to facilitate acceptance of this system in clinical settings.
Intratumoral co-injection of the poly I:C-derivative BO-112 and a STING agonist synergize to achieve local and distant anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Alvarez Maite , Molina Carmen , De Andrea Carlos E , Fernandez-Sendin Myriam , Villalba Maria , Gonzalez-Gomariz Jose , Ochoa Maria Carmen , Teijeira Alvaro , Glez-Vaz Javier , Aranda Fernando , Sanmamed Miguel F , Rodriguez-Ruiz Maria E , Fan Xinyi , Shen Wen H , Berraondo Pedro , Quintero Marisol , Melero Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundBO-112 is a nanoplexed form of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid that acting on toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) elicits rejection of directly injected transplanted tumors, but has only modest efficacy against distant untreated tumors. Its clinical activity has also been documented in early phase clinical trials. The 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist shows a comparable pattern of efficacy when used via intratumoral injections.MethodsMice subcutaneously engrafted with bilateral MC38 and B16.OVA-derived tumors were treated with proinflammatory immunotherapy agents known to be active when intratumorally delivered. The combination of BO-112 and DMXAA was chosen given its excellent efficacy and the requirements for antitumor effects were studied on selective depletion of immune cell types and in gene-modified mouse strains lacking basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3 (BATF3), interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) or STING. Spatial requirements for the injections were studied in mice bearing three tumor lesions.ResultsBO-112 and DMXAA when co-injected in one of the lesions of mice bearing concomitant bilateral tumors frequently achieved complete local and distant antitumor efficacy. Synergistic effects were contingent on CD8 T cell lymphocytes and dependent on conventional type 1 dendritic cells, responsiveness to type I interferon (IFN) and STING function in the tumor-bearing host. Efficacy was preserved even if BO-112 and DMXAA were injected in separate lesions in a manner able to control another untreated third-party tumor. Efficacy could be further enhanced on concurrent PD-1 blockade.ConclusionClinically feasible co-injections of BO-112 and a STING agonist attain synergistic efficacy able to eradicate distant untreated tumor lesions.