bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of attenuation coefficient at different lasers 632, 785nm, 1310nm and 1550nm in Dust for optical wireless
Authors: Abud Mariam M. , Akhlati Janan A. , Roof. Asmaa M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
FSO is the main communication in the world. The air is composed of dust, sand, elemental loading and mineral particulates. The minerals particulates the particulates are majorly of two categories: A. Coarse Particulates (2.5-10 micrometer)
B. Fine Particulates (less than 2.5 micrometer) coarse aerosol particulate is determined by crustal sources like dust.
Methodology used FSO include a laser represent of transmitter through atmosphere to spectrum analyzer (receiver). Transmitter uses many laser sources (632.8, 780, 1310, 1550 nm). Results as shown the transmittance at different lasers and calculated the visibility caused by decreases of total attenuation coefficient with increasing to the light beam propagation. In this paper the visibility measurements for using different laser according laser transmissometer at short distance in the light and heavy dust around this distance between transmitter and receiver, indicate that results are appropriate when choosing a laser window of 632.8 and 1550 nm.
A review of Pure and Doped ZnO Nanostructure Production and its Optical Properties Using Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
Authors: Haider Adawiya J , Jabbar Allaa A , Ali Ghalib A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this review, the theoretical and experimental aspects of ZnO nanostructures production using pulsed laser deposition techniques were presented. It reviewed the work principles of pulse laser deposition technique (PLD) method, physical procedures such as ablation, and plasma plume creation accompanying the deposition of pure and doped ZnO from target to substrate material. Many ways of deposition and elements that affecting on the properties of thin films like the temperature of substrate, laser fluence (laser energy density), pulse repetition rate, pressure of oxygen in chamber, time of deposition process and post growth annealing which modify the deposition active factors like nucleation, and crystallization.
Preparation and Characterizations of Nanomaterial by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAIL) as Friendly Environment Paint
Authors: Salih A A , Haider A J , Nazar A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, silver oxide and nickel oxide were prepared as collide using Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAIL) method in the water. In all preparation case, the laser parameters were fixed at optimum conditions (laser energy 600 mJ with frequency 1 Hz at room temperature) and nanomaterial was added in several proportions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%) to the local paint. Physical properties of the nano-collide were studied by Uv-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), contact angle (CA). A colloid as core-shell (composite materials) was obtained when the two slices were placed together in the water and ablated them by laser. It has shown the best results compared to using its individual Ni or Ag. The local paint was tested in two cases: the first by adding nickel and silver as micro-scale, and in the other in nanoscale to compare which one the best in the self-cleaning. The nanomaterial at a percentage 12% showed the best results when it added to the paint; it for their properties such as adhesion strength and hardness strength, exposure to weather conditions of temperature, and humidity. The adhesive strength increased when adding the nanomaterial from 112 to 139 before exposure to the weather and from 58 to 108 after exposure. The hardness also increased from 77.9 to 86.5 before exposure to the surrounding environment and from 94.2 to 96.8 after exposure.
Human Eye Response to the Iris Diameter Variation at polychromatic light Programmatically
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al-Adili Aqeel , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Performance of the human eye is affected by generated aberrations along the optical path of the eye. So that, different the human eye models were designed and studied to understand the philosophy of this issue to treat it. The aim of this work is to study the impact of the iris diameter on the response of the human eye programmatically when white light is applied. The models of perfect and abberated eyes were designed by ZEMAX, PC software (version 15), and the iris diameter was changed from 2-10 mm gradually by 2 under the influence of white light. The modulation transfer function (MTF), wavefront aberration and root mean square of the spot sizes (RMS) were used to analysis the eye response to diameter variation and applied light. The results showed that the ideal image quality obtained at 2 mm iris diameter and started to get worse as the diameter was getting large. The lowest values of aberrations can be achieved by smaller iris diameters. Different types of aberration are generated whenever the iris diameter becomes larger, especially when the white light is applied due to generation of chromatic aberration, which in turn causes the dispersion of light to focus on a small spot on the retina.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetite Fe3O4nanoparticles using one step laser ablation in water under effect of external magnetic field
Authors: Bahjat Hasan H. , Ismail Raid A. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under effect of an external magnetic field. The X-ray diffraction analysis of iron oxides nanoparticles showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline magnetite Fe3O4.The intensity of the x-ray peaks increased after applying the magnetic field. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed that the average grain size of the nanoparticles was decreased from 85nm to 45nm and the particles agglomeration has been decreased after applying the magnetic field. The energy gap increased after applying the magnetic field during the ablation process. Raman spectroscopy of the iron oxide nanoparticles showed formation of T1gand A1gmodes.
Synthesis and quantum chemical studies of methyl 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2h-chromen-7-yloxy) acetate derivatives
Authors: Shaker S. , Al-Majedy Y. K. , Ibraheem H. H. , Al-Amiery A.A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
derivatives of coumarin were synthesised in worthy yields. Their purity and chemical structures have been described using TLC, IR and 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra. The Density Functional Theory DFT measurements of the coumarins synthesised were made using standardized molecular structure geometry. Molecular orbital calculations defined the orbitals in detail, including spatial properties, patterns, and contributions of the nodal to the individual atoms.
Effect of molar concentration on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the MnS thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Kadhm Ameera J. , Atwan Ahmed F. , Ismail Raid A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the study, manganese sulfide (MnS) thin films were deposited glass and silicon substrates at 350°C at different molar concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2M) by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the existence of two phases of MnS namely; β-MnS and ɣ-MnS. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the films have no cracks, compact, uniform, and the grains are homogeneously distributed over the film. The optical properties studies that the optical band gap value of MnS films changed from 2.76 eV to 2.64 eV as molar concentration increased from 0.05 to 0.2M. Raman study revealed that the crystallinity of the film improved after increasing the molar concentration and the Raman peaks are belonged to2M magnon scattering. The AFM investigation exhibited that all the films show homogenous surface with and the surface roughness was a function of molar concentration. Hall effect measurement confirmed that the deposited MnS films were n-type.
Graphene-based Saturable Absorber for Pulsed Fiber Laser Generation
Authors: Shakaty Aseel A. , Hmood Jassim K. , Mhdi Bushra.R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, graphene has been considered as great candidate to be applied as the saturable absorber (SA) with its brilliant optical characteristics such as ultrafast recovery time and ultra-wideband absorption due to its zero bandgap energy and linear dispersion of Dirac electrons. This paper focuses on reviewing the generation of short pulses from passive mode-locked fiber lasers that employ graphene-based saturable absorber (GBSA). Various parameters that make it excellent for generation ultra-short pulsed including modulation depth, nonlinearity, saturation intensity, self-amplitude modulation, its crystal lattice structure, band gap energy distribution are discuss in details. Furthermore, comparison between single layers and multilayer GBSA is made to explain the effect of layers number on the behaviour of SA in ring cavity fiber lasers.
Structural and Optical Properties of nanostructured hybrid LiNbO3/Silicon wafer for Fabricating Optical Modulator
Authors: Mohammed Luma Z , Fakhri Makram A. , Abass A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a tattoo removal Q switching Nd: YAG laser, with a 6 nanosecond pulse duration, 2000 mJ power, frequency of pulses of 5 Hz was used to deposit of layer by layer of Silicone oxide, pure silicone, and lithium niobate for fabricated an optical modulator. The deposited layer by layer samples were analysed and characterized using the (XRD) X-ray diffraction, optical properties (UV-Vis spectroscopy) and photoluminescence (PL), and Atomic force microscopy AFM. Then we investigated of the deposited layers using. The XRD results showed the existence of different tops for all classes that have been deposited, Also, the optical and luminous results showed that only two peaks appeared, namely the top of the lithium niobate layer at the violet wavelength region with the limits of 368 to 381 nm, as well as the top of the silicon oxide layer within the middle of the visible wavelengths range and within the limits of 551 nm.
Solid State Reaction Synthesis and Characterization of Cu doped TiO2 Nanomaterials
Authors: Abbas M. M. , Rasheed M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, copper-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-powder with of different doping concentration, weights were successfully fabricated with a classical method. This method authorizes obtaining pellets from powder in nonmetric scale with a small quantity. The best conditions for fabrication these pellets are acquired. Different quantities of Cu concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) are mixed with TiO2 (NPs) nano-particles. Then, the mixed powders are transformed into pellets using hydraulic press and sintered by a traditional furnace at temperature of about 1100 °C. The following apparatus demonstrates the structural, morphological, mechanical, optical properties and the composition of elements of materials for those as-prepared samples: X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Shore D hardness instrument, roughness test Instrument, Lee’s Disc, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. The effects of Cu doped concentrations on the properties of TiO2 NPs based on the above instruments are examined. Crystalinality of these materials revealed by XRD patterns and have a grain size between (20-30) nm. A roughness measurement points that TiO2 NPs values decreases with the addition of Cu weights because of hardness values of the samples. Moreover, results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing the weight fraction of Cu element. The main goal of the present research is to demonstrate the annealing temperature dependent behavior of the broadening parameter and the properties of Cu doped TiO2 NPs.
Influence of annealing temperatures on Nb2O5 nanostructures prepared using Pulsed Laser Deposition method
Authors: Fakhri Makram A. , Khalid Farah G. , Salim Evan T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nb2O5 nanostructures were successfully deposited by a Pulsed Laser Deposition technique (PLD) onto quartz substrates. The effects of annealing temperature on the optical morphological and structural properties deposited nano-thin films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated the formation of the monoclinic crystalline structure, with a preferential orientation at the (301) direction. The optical energy band gap found to increase from 2.9 to 3.3 eV.
Effect of crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) on the mechanical properties of (PVA/Starch) blend and (PVA/PEG) binary blend films
Authors: Musa B. H. , Hameed N.J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper displays the effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent with different weight ratios (5,8 and 10%) on the mechanical properties (elongation at break and tensile strength) of polyvinyl alcohol/starch & polyvinyl alcohol / polyethylene glycol blend. Solution casting technique was used to prepare (75%PVA/25%corn starch), and (75% PVA/25% PEG) blend films. The results confirmed that when the increased concentration of GA, the tensile strength increased, while elongation at break decreased for both two blends. This study offers the groundwork for applications of this hydrogel membrane in a drug release system.
Performance Analysis of All-optical PPM-mQAM Communication Systems
Authors: Abdulzahrah Abbas Sattar , Hmood Jassim K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing the spectral efficiency of transmission has increased interests in hybrid optical communication systems. However, these systems suffer from the nonlinear fiber impairments that produce nonlinear phase noise (NPN). In this paper, we investigate all-optical coding m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) by pulse position modulation (PPM) in a single channel optical communication system to increase the transmission capacity and reduce the NPN. The system performance that optically modulates the data by hybrid PPM-mQAM format is numerically investigated by simulation. The results show that the transmission capacity is duplicated and NPN is significantly moderated when PPM-4QAM and PPM-16QAM are used. At bit error rate (BER) of 10−4, the transmission distances of PPM-4QAM is increased by about 33%, in comparison to 4QAM system. In addition, the required optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNRs) for achieving BER of 1×10−4 are decreased by 4.7 dB and 7.5 dB for the PPM-4QAM and PPM-16QAM schemes, respectively.
The use of internet of things (lot) to produce trainer and remote lab learning media
Authors: Idhar  , Purnamawati  , Tangking R , Ruslan  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research aimed at designing and producing a learning media of Trainer and Remote Lab based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which can be used in learning in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This study employed Research and Development (R&D) method with four phases, such as Requirement, Design, and Coding & Testing. The Requirement stage is implemented by doing communication and interviews with lecturers and students. This activity intended to understand the conditions of the learning media used in the laboratory. The Design stage was carried out by preparing requirement specifications by creating an IoT Trainer and Remote Lab IoT system design architecture. While the Coding & Testing stage was applied by coding Fire base, Remote Lab, and Arduino (NodeMCU). Testing was applied to students and lecturers to check the connectivity and system failures. The results of this study were in the form of IoT (Hardware) trainer learning media using NodeMCU and Remote Lab IoT as a software of Android application. After testing the product 21 times, the result showed that an outstanding level of reliability was obtained, reaching 93.33%. Thus the IoT and Remote Lab Trainers are suitable for use as distance learning media.
A model for posttransliteration suggestion for balinese palm leaf manuscript with text generation and lstm model
Authors: Kesiman M W A , Maysanjaya I M D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main challenge found in building an automatic transliteration system for Balinese palm leaf manuscript (Lontar) collections is that the recognition error in a small portion of glyphs of Balinese script can affect the results of transliteration widely. This is due to the fundamental nature of Balinese script which is a complex alphasyllabic script. This paper presents an initial proposition for a general scheme and model for suggesting several possible transliteration with text generation and LSTM for Lontar collection. The
Edit-Insert-Replace
model was proposed to be applied on the existing word collection dataset and a Bidirectional LSTM model with a specific feature extraction method was built for the training process of post transliteration suggestion module. This module will help in suggesting several possible transliterations based on the initial transliteration from the previous system.
Detection of dos attacks using naive bayes method based on internet of things (iot)
Authors: Setiadi F F , Kesiman M W A , Aryanto K Y E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that is currently on a trend. Interconnecting networks on IoT are useful in the automation process, but it has vulnerabilities to network-based disruptions and attacks; such as Denial of Service (DoS). This study aimed at implementing the Naive Bayes algorithm to predict attribute classes using training data-sets from NSLKDD with the KDD99 format and obtained testing-data from the logging process of DoS attacks on IoT-based devices. The advantage of using Naive Bayes is that this method only requires a small amount of training data to determine the estimated parameters needed in the classification process. The results of the conducted research could detect attacks on IoT devices by using the help of snort tools to capture traffic logs. The results from the log were then converted into KDD99 format and processed by the Naive Bayes method. This research uses a training dataset from NSLKDD with KDD99 format which is widely used in various studies and testing data obtained from the IDS log process on the Raspberry Pi 3. The attributes used are 9 attributes namely; service, flag, src_bytes, dst_bytes, srv_serror_rate, same_srv_rate, diff_srv_rate, dst_host_srv_diff_host_rate and dst_host_srv_serror_rate. The results of the research analysis showed an accuracy of 64.02%. These results were smaller than previous results, but some aspects were still different from the actual results because the testing data and training data were taken from two different data-sets, thereby they had different characteristics.
Modified genetic algorithm for employee work shifts scheduling optimization
Authors: Saraswati N W S , Artakusuma I D M D , Indradewi I G A A D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arranging an employee shift work’s schedule requires high accuracy. It is because we have to pay attention to several constraints simultaneously. The genetic algorithm presents as a method which can automatize the process of arranging the schedule as well as optimizing the result of the schedule. The Shala Bali is a hospitality business whose scheduling was complicated because of the number of the employes. This research aimed at producing a shift work schedule of the employees in a week and to know the optimum genetic algorithm parameter in this case. The constraints that were taken into account in the arrangement of the schedule included the schedule conflict of the employees in one shift, schedule conflict of employees in 1 day, the same composition of employees per shift, employees should not get morning shifts after being in night shift the night before, each shift has at least 1 employee in the front office, and each employee is required to get 1 day off within 1 schedule period. This study was able to produce an optimal work schedule of employees with crossover probability (Pc) of 0.6, and mutation probability (Pm) of 0.3. The modification algorithm in chromosome generation and chromosome structure in this study results that changes in gene length (additional number of employees) do not have to be followed by an increase in the number of chromosome populations to get optimum results.
Revitalization of dadong dauh balinese children’s illustrated song into 2-dimensional animation as an educational tourism strategy
Authors: Yusa I M M , Anggara I G A S , Setiawan I K , Westerlaken R , Herawan T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study produced animated video clips revived from Balinese children’s song as an alternative media, by promoting brand equity in the form of characters and popular tourist attractions as an effort to promote cultural tourism in Bali, Indonesia. The strategy in reviving children’s songs was done through revitalizing the visualization of Balinese children’s illustrated songs. The visualization was done by turning the previous appearance of live action appearance into an animated form that proved to be preferred by children. The design of the Dadong Dauh character was constructed by manga matrix system model approach introduced by Tsukamoto. The data collection about song variation of Dadong Dauh and theory to develop imagery character and to design the character by using the manga matrix system was used by conducting a literature study. Reference collection of the visual of Dadong Dauh was used by conducting a literature study and observation. The result showed that the visualized video clip of local Balinese children songs in a two-dimensional form was able to revitalize the character branding of Dadong Dauh as a cultural symbol, with Tenganan village as its cultured environment. It also gained a great appreciation from children and has potential to popularize Dadong Dauh song.
Forecasting foreign exchange rate using a combination of linear regression and flower pollination algorithm
Authors: Pascima I B N , Putrama I M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several currencies exist in the world. Each currency will have value. The currency exchange will go through a conversion process to adjust the amount. Each currency value can fluctuate based on the conditions of the currency area. The fluctuating changes in value provide profit opportunities. Maximizing profits can make forecasts so that the right decisions are made. One of the forecasts can use regression. Regression is capable of forecasting based on historical data. The regression in this study will be optimized using the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The use of the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) aims to obtain appropriate parameters for regression to reduce forecast errors. The data in this study were obtained by utilizing extraction from the Meta trader application. This data will be the basis for the system learning stage and the testing phase. Obtaining a good hyperparameter can make the forecasting system closer to the actual value. Good system accuracy can be a trader’s supporting data in making transactions. Forecasting in this study used the parameter 5 window sizes, 20 population sizes, and 0.7 probability switch. This experiment resulted in MSE 0.0331 and RMSE 0.1756. This forecasting has sufficient results to support a trader’s decision. Further research is needed to improve accuracy and determine the direction of the forecast to improve this research.