bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innate immune activation restricts priming and protective efficacy of the radiation-attenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccine
Authors: Senkpeil Leetah , Bhardwaj Jyoti , Little Morgan , Holla Prasida , Upadhye Aditi , Swanson Phillip A. , Wiegand Ryan E. , Macklin Michael D. , Bi Kevin , Flynn Barbara J. , Yamamoto Ayako , Gaskin Erik L. , Sather D. Noah , Oblak Adrian L. , Simpson Edward , Gao Hongyu , Haining W. Nicholas , Yates Kathleen B. , Liu Xiaowen , Otieno Kephas , Kariuki Simon , Xuei Xiaoling , Liu Yunlong , Polidoro Rafael , Hoffman Stephen L. , Oneko Martina , Steinhardt Laura C. , Schmidt Nathan W. , Seder Robert A. , Tran Tuan M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBaseline innate immune signatures can influence protective immunity following vaccination. Here, we used systems transcriptional analysis to assess the molecular mechanisms underlying differential immunogenicity and protective efficacy results of a clinical trial of the radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite PfSPZ Vaccine in African infants. Innate immune activation and myeloid signatures at pre-vaccination baseline correlated with protection from Plasmodium falciparum infection in placebo controls, while the same signatures predicted susceptibility to infection among infants who received the highest and most protective dose of the PfSPZ Vaccine. Machine learning identified monocytes and an antigen presentation signature as pre-vaccination features predictive of malaria infection after highest-dose PfSPZ vaccination. Consistent with these human data, innate stimulation in vivo conferred protection against malaria infection in mice while diminishing the CD8+ T cell response to radiation-attenuated sporozoites. These data establish a dichotomous role of innate stimulation for malaria protection and induction of protective immunity of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines.
Magnitude, pattern and correlates of multimorbidity among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia: the application of latent class analysis model
Authors: Eyowas Fantu Abebe , Schneider Marguerite , Alemu Shitaye , Pati Sanghamitra , Getahun Fentie Ambaw 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the magnitude, pattern and associated factors of multimorbidity in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.MethodsA multi-centered facility based study was conducted among 1440 participants aged 40+ years attending chronic outpatient medical care. Two complimentary methods (interview and review of medical records) were employed to collect the data on socio-demographic, behavioral and disease related characteristics. The data were analyzed by STATA V.16 and R Software V.4.1.0. We run descriptive statistics and fitted logistic regression and latent class analyses (LCA) models to determine associated factors and patterns of multimorbidity. Statistical significance was considered at p-value ≤0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of individual chronic conditions ranged from 1.4% to 37.9%, and multimorbidity was identified in 54.8% (95% CI=52.2%-57.4%) of the sample. The likelihood of developing multimorbidity was higher among participants aged from 45-54 years (AOR: 1.5, 95%CI= 1.1, 2.1), 55-64 years (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI=1.7, 3.5) and 65 years or more (AOR: 2.4, 95%CI=1.7, 3.5), among individuals classified as overweight (AOR: 1.6, 95%CI=1.2, 2.1) or obese (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI=1.3, 3.0) and among those individuals who believe in external locus of control (AOR: 1.8, 95%CI=1.3, 2.5). Four patterns of multimorbidity were identified, the cardiovascular category being the largest class (50.2%), followed by the metabolic group (32.6%). Advanced age, overweight and obesity predicted latent class membership, adjusting for relevant confounding factors.ConclusionThe magnitude of multimorbidity in this study was high. The most frequently diagnosed chronic conditions shaped the patterns of multimorbidity. Advanced age, overweight and obesity were the factors profoundly associated with multimorbidity. Health service organization and provision in the study area need to be oriented by the realities in disease burden and pattern of multimorbidity. Further research is required to better understand the impact of multimorbidity on individuals wellbeing, survival and health service delivery.
Decline in prenatal buprenorphine/naloxone fills during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: O’Donoghue Ashley L. , Reichheld Alyse , Anderson Timothy S. , Zera Chloe A. , Dechen Tenzin , Stevens Jennifer P. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPregnancy provides a critical opportunity to engage women with substance use disorder in care. Buprenorphine/naloxone treatment is associated with improved pregnancy and fetal outcomes, but prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were multiple barriers to accessing buprenorphine/naloxone during pregnancy. Care disruptions during the pandemic may have further exacerbated these already existing barriers. To quantify these changes, we examined trends in the number of individuals filling prescriptions for prenatal buprenorphine/naloxone prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe estimated an interrupted time series model using linked national pharmacy claims and medical claims data from May 2019 to December 2020. We estimated changes in the level and trend in the monthly number of individuals filling prescriptions for prenatal buprenorphine/naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. We then stratified our analyses by payer.ResultsWe identified 2,947 pregnant patients filling buprenorphine/naloxone prescriptions. Before the pandemic, there was positive growth in the monthly number of individuals filling prescriptions for prenatal buprenorphine/naloxone (4.83% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.40% to 6.26%). During the pandemic, the monthly growth rate in individuals filling prescriptions for prenatal buprenorphine/naloxone declined for both patients on commercial insurance and patients on Medicaid (all payers: -5.53% (95% CI: -7.28% to -3.78%); Medicaid: -7.66% (95% CI: -10.42% to -4.90%); Commercial: -3.59% (95% CI: -5.53% to -1.66%)).ConclusionThe number of pregnant individuals filling buprenorphine/naloxone prescriptions was increasing prior to the pandemic, but this growth has been lost during the pandemic.
Dynamics of gut mucosal colonisation with extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales in Malawi
Authors: Lewis Joseph M. , Mphasa Madalitso , Banda Rachel , Beale Mathew A. , Heinz Eva , Mallewa Jane , Jewell Christopher , Faragher Brian , Thomson Nicholas R. , Feasey Nicholas A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShortening courses of antimicrobials has been proposed to reduce risk of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections, but acquisition and selection dynamics under antimicrobial pressure at the individual level are poorly understood. We combine multi-state modelling and whole-genome sequencing to understand colonisation dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in Malawian adults. We demonstrate prolonged post-exposure antibiotic effect, meaning short courses exert similar colonisation pressure to longer ones. Genome data does not identify widespread hospital-associated ESBL-E transmission, hence apparent acquisitions may be selected from the patient microbiota by antimicrobial exposure. Understanding ESBL-E dynamics under antimicrobial pressure is crucial for evidence-based stewardship protocols.
Safely return to schools and offices: early and frequent screening with high sensitivity antigen tests effectively identifies COVID-19 patients
Authors: Jeong Yong Dam , Ejima Keisuke , Kim Kwang Su , Iwanami Shoya , Iwami Shingo , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn-person interaction at school and offices offers invaluable experience to students and benefits to companies. In the midst of the pandemic, ways to safely go back to schools and offices have been argued. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends taking all precautions such as vaccination and universal indoor masking. However, even if all the precautions are implemented and transmission is perfectly prevented in the facilities, they may be infected outside of the facilities, which would be a source of transmission in the facilities. Therefore, identifying those infected outside of the facility through screening is essential to safely go back to schools or offices. However, studies investigating the effectiveness of screening are limited. Further, it is not well clarified now which screening strategy (e.g., low or high sensitivity antigen tests, intervals and the number of tests) effectively identify infected and infectious individuals to avoid transmission in facilitiesMethodsWe assessed the effectiveness of various screening strategies in schools and offices through quantitative simulation. The effectiveness was assessed by the proportion of identified infected and infectious participants. Infection dynamics in the facility is governed by transmission dynamics of the population they belong to, and the screening is initiated at different epidemic phases: growth, peak, and declining phases. The viral load trajectory over time for each infected individual was modelled by the viral dynamics model, and the transmission process at the population level was modelled by a deterministic compartment model. The model parameters were estimated from clinical and epidemiological data. Screening strategies were varied by antigen tests with different sensitivity and schedules of screening over 10 days.ResultsUnder the daily screening, we found high sensitivity antigen tests (the detection limit: 6.3 × 104 copies/mL) yielded 88% (95%CI 86-89) of effectiveness by the end of 10 days screening period, which is about 20% higher than that with low sensitivity antigen tests (2.0 × 106 copies/mL). Comparing screening scenarios with different schedules, we found early and frequent screening is the key to maximize the effectiveness. Sensitivity analysis revealed that less frequent tests might be an option when the number of antigen tests is limited especially when the screening is performed at the growth phase.DiscussionHigh sensitivity antigen tests, high frequency screening, and immediate initiation of screening are the key to safely restart educational and economic activities allowing in-person interactions. Our computational framework is useful in assessment of screening strategies by incorporating additional factors for specific situations.
Individualized risk trajectories for iron-related adverse outcomes in repeat blood donors
Authors: Russell W. Alton , Schienker David , Custer Brian 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite a fingerstick hemoglobin requirement and 56-day minimum donation interval, repeat blood donation continues to cause and exacerbate iron deficiency.Study design and methodsUsing data from the REDS-II Donor Iron Status Evaluation study, we developed multiclass prediction models to estimate the competing risk of hemoglobin deferral and collecting blood from a donor with sufficient hemoglobin but low or absent underlying iron stores. We compared models developed with and without two biomarkers not routinely measured in most blood centers: ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor. We generated and analyzed ‘individual risk trajectories’: estimates of how each donors’ risk developed as a function of the time interval until their next donation attempt.ResultsWith standard biomarkers, the top model had a multiclass area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 77.6% (95% CI 77.3% - 77.8%). With extra biomarkers, multiclass AUC increased to 82.8% (95% CI 82.5% - 83.1%). In the extra biomarkers model, ferritin was the single most important variable, followed by the donation interval. We identified three risk archetypes: ‘fast recoverers’ (<10% risk of any adverse outcome on post-donation day 56), ‘slow recoverers’ (>60% adverse outcome risk on day 56 that declines to <35% by day 250), and ‘chronic high-risk’ (>85% risk of adverse outcome on day 250).DiscussionA longer donation interval reduced estimated risk of iron-related adverse events for most donors, but risk remained high for some. Tailoring safeguards to individual risk estimates could reduce blood collections from donors with low or absent iron stores.
Human photoreceptors switch from autonomous axon extension to cell-mediated process pulling during synaptic marker redistribution
Authors: Rempel Sarah K. , Welch Madalynn J. , Ludwig Allison L. , Phillips M. Joseph , Kancherla Yochana , Zack Donald J. , Gamm David M. , Gomez Timothy M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotoreceptors (PRs) are the primary visual sensory cells, and their loss leads to blindness that is currently incurable. Cell replacement therapy holds promise as a therapeutic approach to restore vision to those who have lost PRs through damage or disease. While PR transplant research is ongoing in animal models, success is hindered by our limited understanding of PR axon growth during development and regeneration. Using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) reporter line that labels PRs (WA09 CRX+/tdTomato), we generated retinal organoids in order to study mechanisms of PR process extension. We found that the earliest born PRs exhibit autonomous axon extension from dynamic terminals that appear similar to projection neuron growth cones. However, as hPSC-derived PRs age from 40 to 80 days of differentiation, they lose dynamic terminals in 2D plated cultures and within 3D retinal organoids, which does not correlate with cell birth date. Using a rod-specific hPSC reporter line (WA09 NRL+/eGFP), we further determined that rod PRs never form motile growth cones. Interestingly, PRs without motile terminals are still capable of extending axons, but neurites are generated from process stretching via their attachment to motile non-PR cells, which underlies the observed differences in PR neurite lengths on different substrata. While immobile PR terminals express actin, it is less polymerized and less organized than actin present in motile terminals. However, immobile PRs do localize synaptic proteins to their terminals, suggesting a normal developmental progression. These findings help inform the development of PR transplant therapies to treat blinding diseases and provide a platform to test treatments that restore autonomous PR axon extension.Significance StatementLoss of photoreceptors (PRs) in the retina through damage or disease causes irreversible vision loss and blindness. One treatment approach is to replace lost cells with transplanted human stem cell-derived PRs, but this requires PR axons to integrate into the host retina to restore the required neural connections. For this strategy to succeed, we need to understand how PRs extend processes to their targets during development in situ, and whether dissociated human stem cell (hPSC)-derived PRs behave in a similar fashion. In this paper, we show that hPSC-PRs have only a short window during which they are capable of autonomous axon extension, which has implications for PR transplant efforts and for our basic understanding of human retinal development.
Cell-type specific induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in layer II/III prefrontal cortical neurons mediates stress-induced anxiety phenotypes in mice
Authors: Fenster Robert J. , McCullough Kenneth , Naumenko Sergey , Thompson Andrew , Klengel Claudia , Rodgers Allison , Otten Joy , Shu Dan , Harris Niki , Klengel Torsten , Ressler Kerry J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to exert top-down control of behavior is affected by stress. The molecular response of mPFC to stress is incompletely understood, however, in part because of the region’s cellular heterogeneity. Here we used single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to map specific molecular cell types within the mPFC and to detect cell-type specific transcriptional changes to foot-shock stress. We identified Ptgs2, encoding cyclo-oxygenase 2, as an important candidate that is upregulated in layer II/III excitatory neurons after stress. Specifically, Ptgs2 was transiently upregulated with shock-induced fear learning and fear expression, along with Bdnf, Nptx2, and Lingo1, in a layer II/III neuronal population marked by the neuronal excitatory gene Slc17a7 and cell-type specific neuropeptide Penk. These dynamic cell-type specific expression patterns identified with snRNAseq were validated with quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization. Using a pharmacological approach, we found that systemic lumiracoxib, a selective Ptgs2-inhibitor, led to a significant reduction in fear expression. Furthermore, genetic ablation of Ptgs2 in excitatory Camk2a-expressing neurons led to reduced stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Together these findings suggest that Ptgs2 is expressed in a dynamic, cell-type specific way in Layer II/III Penk+ neurons in mPFC, and that its role in prostaglandin and /or endocannabinoid regulation within these neurons may be an important mediator of stress-related behavior.
The transformation from value determination to value realization: the logical dilemma of the Okishio theorem
Authors: Wang Shengsheng , Li Bangxi , Gu Shan 
Published: October 2021

PurposeDifferent from Marx's analysis of the dialectical relationship between the production and realization of surplus value, the Okishio theorem only shows one aspect of the contradictory movement of the total social capital, that is, the reverse effect of the realization of surplus value on the production of surplus value.Design/methodology/approachThe production of surplus value and the realization of surplus value are simplified into one process. This simplification eliminates the contradiction between the production and realization of surplus value, and the antagonistic contradiction between accumulation and consumption and the antagonistic production-distribution relationship in capitalist society are naturally covered up.FindingsTherefore, it cannot explain the actual expansion way of the falling general rate of profit as the historical development law of capitalism. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the Okishio theorem places the analysis of the general rate of profit back into the social reproduction model with department equilibrium, which points out the significance of wage income to the realization of surplus value and outlines the macro mechanism of the realization of surplus value reacting to the production of surplus value. It also strongly promotes the research progress of the law that the profit rate tends to decline.Originality/valueThe mistake of the Okishio theorem is that the exchange process in the labor market forms the real wage rate. It determines the production price of wage goods, which thereby determines that the production price of capital goods and general rate of profit, the production of surplus value and realization of surplus value are simplified into the same process, and only the value that can be realized is the real value.
Critical examination and source-tracing in China of economic thought of Francois Quesnay from the perspective of the construction of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Tianjiao 
Published: October 2021

PurposeFrancois Quesnay, known as the “Confucius of Europe”, was profoundly influenced by traditional Chinese culture to form his thoughts, which contained strong Chinese characteristics. This paper aims to examine economic thought of Francois Quesnay from the perspective of the construction of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics.Design/methodology/approachMoreover, his thoughts also profoundly influenced subsequent economists, such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx. It can be said that Francois Quesnay was at the intersection of Chinese, Western and Marxist thought systems, so it is quite important to examine his thoughts critically and conduct source-tracing in China.FindingsHence, in the process of constructing and developing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, there is an urgent need to focus on exploring the value of excellent traditional Chinese culture at the theoretical level and combining the development and dissemination of the history of thoughts and the historical position of Chinese reality to realize the innovation and development of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.Originality/valueMeanwhile, while absorbing nutrition from excellent traditional Chinese culture, it is necessary to establish scientific coordinates rather than use the discourse systems and paradigms of Western economics to interpret ancient Chinese economic thoughts. It is necessary to adhere to, inherit and develop Marxist political economy and absorb nutrition from Chinese excellent traditional culture to construct socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.
Development benefit, comparative benefit and the contest between two roads
Authors: Ding Weimin , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2021

PurposeUnder the circumstance that the development of developing countries is a major issue that has long been of concern to Marxist scholars, the research is focused on the category of development benefit, which Xi Jinping has mentioned many times.Design/methodology/approachBased on the Marxist theory of international value, the authors of this paper indicate that development benefit is the result of developing countries' consistently increasing labor productivity, reducing squandering in labor and transforming more labor into real value, and thus the fundamental cause of unequal development in international economics turns from the field of circulation to the area of production.FindingsAlso, the authors summarize China's experience of obtaining the development benefit and China's development path featuring common development and criticized the comparative advantage of mainstream Western economics, revealed the path of dependency development represented by mainstream Western economics.Originality/valueFinally, the authors analyze the essence of the economy and trade conflict between China and the US and the respective strategic goals of the two countries and provide an outlook on the contest between the two roads of development and the evolutionary trend of the relationship between developed and developing countries.
“Physics envy” in organisation studies: the case of James G. March
Authors: Joullié Jean-Etienne , Spillane Robert 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This article aims to propose a critical review of James G. March’s research in and particular its consistency with its epistemological and psychological underpinnings.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper proposes a textual and conceptual analysis of James G. March’s study.

Findings
The article argues first that March’s study exemplifies the “physics envy” typical of management and organisation studies scholars since the early 1960s. Second, evidence is presented that March’s conclusions, irrespective of their legacy on management and organisation studies, were not developed along and were not consistent with the foundations that March espoused and advocated during most of his career. As a result, the implications of his conclusions are uncertain. To his credit, however, there are reasons to believe that, towards the end of his career, March came to recognise the limitations of his scholarship. Further, he indicated an alternative avenue for organisation studies which eschews the shortcomings of positivist and post-modern research.

Research limitations/implications
Although centred on March’s work, the argument presented is relevant to psychology, organisations, choice, the nature of knowledge, the limitations of positivism and post-modernism.

Originality/value
The paper balances the perspective offered by recent celebratory reviews of March’s study.