bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the origins and evolution of a glyphosate‐resistant weed invasion in South America
Authors: Gaines Todd A. , Slavov Gancho T. , Hughes David , Küpper Anita , Sparks Crystal D. , Oliva Julian , Vila‐Aiub Martin M. , Garcia M. Alejandro , Merotto Aldo , Neve Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global invasion, and subsequent spread and evolution of weeds provides unique opportunities to address fundamental questions in evolutionary and invasion ecology. Amaranthus palmeri is a widespread glyphosate‐resistant (GR) weed in the USA. Since 2015, GR populations of A. palmeri have been confirmed in South America, raising questions about introduction pathways and the importance of pre‐ vs. post‐invasion evolution of GR traits. We used RAD‐sequencing genotyping to characterize genetic structure of populations from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and the USA. We also quantified gene copy number of the glyphosate target, 5‐enolpyruvyl‐3‐shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS), and the presence of an extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) replicon known to confer glyphosate resistance in USA populations. Populations in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay were only weakly differentiated (pairwise FST ≤0.043) in comparison to USA populations (mean pairwise FST =0.161, range =0.068–0.258), suggesting a single major invasion event. However, elevated EPSPS copy number and the EPSPS replicon were identified in all populations from Brazil and Uruguay, but only in a single Argentinean population. These observations are consistent with independent in situ evolution of glyphosate resistance in Argentina, followed by some limited recent migration of the eccDNA‐based mechanism from Brazil to Argentina. Taken together, our results are consistent with an initial introduction of A. palmeri into South America sometime before the 1980s, and local evolution of GR in Argentina, followed by a secondary invasion of GR A. palmeri with the unique eccDNA‐based mechanism from the USA into Brazil and Uruguay during the 2010s.
The mRNA‐binding proteome of a critical phase transition during Arabidopsis seed germination
Authors: Sajeev Nikita , Baral Anirban , America Antoine H. P. , Willems Leo A. J. , Merret Rémy , Bentsink Leónie 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination is marked by extensive translational control at two critical phase transitions. The first transition refers to the start of hydration, the hydration translational shift. The second shift, the germination translational shift (GTS) is the phase between testa rupture and radicle protrusion at which the seed makes the all or nothing decision to germinate.

The mechanism behind the translational regulation at these phase transitions is unknown. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are versatile players in the post‐transcriptional control of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and as such candidates for regulating translation during seed germination.

Here, we report the mRNA binding protein repertoire of seeds during the GTS. Thirty seed specific RBPs and 22 dynamic RBPs were identified during the GTS, like the putative RBP Vacuolar ATPase subunit A and RBP HSP101. Several stress granule markers were identified in this study, which suggests that seeds are prepared to quickly adapt the translation of specific mRNAs in response to changes in environmental conditions during the GTS.

Taken together this study provides a detailed insight into the world of RBPs during seed germination and their possible regulatory role during this developmentally regulated process.
In vitro antiviral activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide containing oral care products
Authors: Shewale Jaiprakash G. , Gelhaus H. Carl , Ratcliff James L. , Hernandez‐Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the in vitro antiviral activity of oral care products containing stabilized chlorine dioxide toward infectious viruses that harbor in the oral cavity. Specfically, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), SARS‐CoV, human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, influenza A (H3N2), rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 were examined.MethodsValidated in vitro suspension virucidal assays were used. Test product was mixed with the test virus for 30, 60, or 120 s, neutralized with sodium thiosulfate, serially diluted in dilution medium in a 96‐well plate and incubated in a carbon dioxide incubator for 7 days. The 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose per milliliter was determined.ResultsTwo rinses, one oral spray and one fluoride toothpaste showed log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 ranging from 1.81 to 2.98 and of influenza A from 2.58 to 4.13, respectively, within 30 s of contact time; similar results were obtained at 60 s. Further, the Ultra Sensitive rinse showed 0.19, 0.75, 1.58, 1.75, 2.66, and 3.24 log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human coronavirus 229E, rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, respectively, within 30 s of contact time.ConclusionStabilized chlorine dioxide containing ClōSYS® oral care products reduced the viral load of multiple viruses within 30 s. The results warrant further investigation for potential in vivo applications.
Effects of blood‐flow restricted resistance training on mechanical muscle function and thigh lean mass in sIBM patients
Authors: Jørgensen Anders N. , Jensen Kasper Y. , Nielsen Jakob L. , Frandsen Ulrik , Hvid Lars G. , Bjørnshauge Mette , Diederichsen Louise P. , Aagaard Per 
Published: October 2021

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is an idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease associated with skeletal muscle inflammation and a parallel progressive decline in muscle strength and physical function. Eventually, most sIBM patients require use of wheelchair after about 10 years of diagnosis and assistance to perform activities of daily living. This study presents data from a randomized controlled intervention trial (NCT02317094) that examined the effect of 12 weeks low‐load blood‐flow restricted (BFR) resistance training on maximal muscle strength, power, rate of force development (RFD), thigh lean mass (TLM), and voluntary muscle activation (VA) in sIBM patients. A time‐by‐group interaction in knee extensor strength was observed in the stronger leg (p ≤ 0.033) but not the weaker leg. Within‐group changes were observed with BFR training (BFR) manifested by increased knee extensor strength in the strongest leg (+13.7%, p = 0.049), whereas non‐exercising patients (CON) showed reduced knee extensor strength (−7.7%, p = 0.018). Maximal leg extensor power obtained for the stronger leg remained unchanged following BFR training (+9.5%, p = 0.37) while decreasing in CON (−11.1%, p = 0.05). No changes in TLM were observed. VA declined post‐training (p = 0.037) in both BFR (−6.3% points) and CON (−7.5% points). The present data indicate that BFR resistance training can attenuate the rate of decline in mechanical muscle function typically experienced by sIBM patients. The preservation of muscle mass and mechanical muscle function with BFR resistance training may be considered of high clinical importance in sIBM patients to countermeasure the disease‐related decline in physical function.
Two‐fold increase in the HIV viral load suppression rate along with decreased incidence over six years in Ndhiwa sub‐county, Kenya
Authors: Conan Nolwenn , Badawi Mahmoud , Chihana Menard L. , Wanjala Stephen , Kingwara Leonard , Mambula Christopher , Ngugi Catherine , Okomo Gordon , Opollo Valarie , Salumu Leon , Nesbitt Robin , Szumilin Elisabeth , Huerga Helena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHIV‐positive individuals who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit the virus to others. In 2012, an HIV population‐based survey was conducted in Ndhiwa sub‐county (Kenya) to provide information on the HIV local epidemic. We carried out a second survey 6 years after the first one, to assess progress in HIV diagnosis and care and differences in the HIV prevalence and incidence between the two surveys.MethodsA cross‐sectional, population‐based survey using cluster sampling and geospatial random selection was implemented in 2018, using the same design as 2012. Consenting participants aged 15–59 years were interviewed and tested for HIV at home. HIV‐positive individuals received viral load testing (viral suppression defined as <1000 copies/ml) and Lag‐Avidity EIA assay (to measure recent infection). The 90–90–90 UNAIDS indicators were also assessed.ResultsOverall, 6029 individuals were included in 2018. HIV prevalence was 16.9%. Viral suppression among all HIV‐positive was 88.3% in 2018 (vs. 39.9% in 2012, p < 0.001). HIV incidence was 0.75% in 2018 vs. 1.90% in 2012 (p = 0.07). In 2018, the 90–90–90 indicators were 93%–97%–95% (vs. 60%–68%–83% in 2012).ConclusionA two‐fold increase in the HIV viral load suppression rate along with a decreasing trend in incidence was observed over 6 years in Ndhiwa sub‐county. Achieving high rates of viral suppression in HIV populations that can lead to reducing HIV transmission in sub‐Saharan contexts is feasible. Nevertheless, we will need further efforts to sustain this progress.
Hemolytic anemia blunts the cytokine response to transfusion of older red blood cells in mice and dogs
Authors: Callan Mary Beth , Thawley Vincent J. , Marryott Kimberly A. , Shabro Aidin , Fernando Sebastian , Kahn Stacie , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Hod Eldad A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) stored for longer durations induces hemolysis and inflammatory cytokine production in murine and canine models. Despite immune system activation by stored RBCs, human randomized trials suggest that fresher RBC transfusions do not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that underlying recipient hemolysis may affect cytokine responses to older RBC transfusions.Study design and methodsC57BL/6 mouse cohorts were infused with anti‐TER119 antibody to induce hemolysis, rabbit anti‐platelet antiserum to induce immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), or appropriate control antibodies. Two days later, mice were transfused with fresh or stored RBCs. Furthermore, in a prospective, randomized, blinded trial, 38 client‐owned dogs with primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and two dogs with ITP, requiring RBC transfusion, were enrolled and randomized to receive fresh (≤7 days) or old (≥21 days) stored RBC transfusions. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 levels were assessed at defined times after transfusion.ResultsPrior immune‐mediated hemolysis blunted the MCP‐1 response to stored RBC transfusion in mice (361 ± 111 pg/ml vs. 6836 ± 1528 pg/ml in mice with immune hemolysis vs. ITP, respectively; mean ± SD; p < .0001). Although hemolysis markers increased after transfusion of older RBCs, the cytokine response was also muted in dogs with AIHA. No differences in morbidity or mortality were evident comparing dogs randomized to fresh or old RBCs.ConclusionThese data suggest that underlying hemolysis blunts inflammatory responses to old RBC transfusions. The canine data support randomized trial results suggesting a lack of clinical benefit with fresh RBC transfusions in subjects with underlying, baseline hemolysis.
Protective and Thermophysical Characteristics of Plasma-Electrolytic Coatings on the Ultralight Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Grigoriev S. N. , Kondratsky I. O. , Krit B. L. , Ludin V. B. , Medvetskova V. M. , Morozova N. V. , Suminov I. V. , Apelfeld A. V. , Wu R. Z. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magnesium alloys are now widely used for various purposes due to their unique properties despite the significant disadvantage associated with low corrosion resistance. The plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO), which allows the formation of ceramic coatings on the surface of magnesium alloys, is the most advanced and effective method for their protection. But first, PEO process of magnesium alloys has some difficulties, and second, PEO coatings affect the thermophysical characteristics of the modified materials; in particular, they reduce thermal diffusivity. The presented work is devoted to the development of the technological parameters for formation of protective coating on the ultralight alloy Mg–8Li–1Al–0.6Ce–0.3Y by the PEO method. The results analyses of electrolytes acidity and specific electrical conductivity before and after PEO process and also investigation data of the coatings structure and surface morphology are presented. An integral assessment of the ability of thermal diffusivity and corrosion resistance of the modified alloy was made. Studying of protective and thermophysical characteristics of the obtained coating showed that it provides a sufficiently high corrosion protection, despite the relatively small thickness, and the presence of pores and slightly (not more than 5%) reduces the thermal diffusivity of the magnesium ultralight alloy.
A Review on the Use of Chemicals as Steam Additives for Thermal Oil Recovery Applications
Authors: Du Xuan , Xi Changfeng , Shi Lanxiang , Wang Bojun , Qi Zongyao , Liu Tong , Zhou You , Lee Jungin , Babadagli Tayfun , Li Huazhou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study conducts a literature survey on the chemical steam additives tested in both lab and field settings from 1982 to present (2020). We summarize the major recovery mechanisms of both steam-based recovery process and steam-chemical-based recovery process. Next, we review the previous lab-scale/field-scale studies examining the applications of surfactants, alkali, and novel chemicals in the steam-based oil recovery process. Among the different surfactants studied, alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and linear toluene sulfonate (LTS) are the recommended chemicals for their foam control/detergency effect. In particular, AOS was observed to perform especially well in residual oil saturation (ROS) reduction and sweep efficiency improvement when being co-injected with alkali. Application of organic alkali (alone or with a co-surfactant) has also drawn wide attention recently, but its efficacy in the field requires further investigation and the consumption of alkali by sands/clay is often an inevitable issue and, therefore, how to control the alkali loss requires further investigation. Novel chemical additives tested in the past five years include fatty acids (such as tail oil acid, TOA-Na+), Biodiesel (o/w emulsion), along with other types of chemical additives including switchable hydrophilicity tertiary amines (SHTA), chelating agents, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), graphite and SiO2 particles, ionic liquids and urea. High thermal stability of some of the novel chemicals and their potential in increasing displacement efficiency and ROS reduction efficiency in the lab studies require further investigation for their optimized application in the field settings to minimize the use of steam while improving the recovery effectively. This review reveals that when being properly applied, chemical additives can improve oil recovery via steam foam control, detergency effect (IFT reduction and wettability control), and viscosity reduction. In certain cases, microemulsion generation could be observed (o/w or w/o) with the addition of chemical additives at steam condition (which leads to recovery improvement), but the microemulsion effect on the conformance control (separate from the foamy effect), is lacking detailed investigation.
CoronaCare study protocol: an ethnographic study of the risks to and potential for social health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Paul Joshua , Merz Sibille , Bergholz Andreas , König Franziska , Apfelbacher Christian , Eich-Krohm Astrid , Weigt Julia , Holmberg Christine 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionGerman government regulations such as physical distancing and limited group numbers, designed to curb the spread of COVID-19, have had far-reaching consequences for the very foundations of social life. They have, to name only a few, transformed greetings and goodbyes, blurred private and public worlds, and complicated basic communication with mandatory mask wearing. The ethnographic study CoronaCare investigates how these sociopolitical measures affect social health, a form of health which unfolds through and across social relations. It explores how caring as a fundamental human activity and one integral to sustaining social health is impacted when in-person and person-to-person contacts are restricted and everyone is radically redefined as at risk from others and a risk to others. It explores care relationships, relationships involving the giving or receiving of care in everyday life, institutional settings such as an assisted living facility, and informal settings, such as a housing block. Inside of the pandemic, relationships are a pivotal site at which the negotiation of caring and risk is intensified and where the consequences for social health and social life more generally are pronounced.Methods and analysisThis ethnographic project aims to understand the tensions that arise in the lives of individuals and communities living under the sociopolitical regulations and to analyse the tacit forms of practice that individuals and communities develop to uphold social health. Fueled by citizen science, the ethnography uses a variety of methods namely telephone and video interviews with 60–70 research participants, the collection of ethnographic material including video and audio diaries, storyboards, first-person camera footage, photographs and a survey to enrich the sample description based on the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. The analysis will draw on elements of grounded theory and through the aid of the qualitative software MAXQDA it will rigorously document and explain how the social regulations are (re)shaping our ability to be cared for and to care for one another. The survey data will be analysed through the use of the quantitative software programme R.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics committee of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane has approved the project (E-01-20200605). The dissemination strategy includes publications in medical, sociological and research methods journals, as well as a stakeholder discussion with political and civil society leaders where the research team will present its recommendations for future pandemic preparedness.
Using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method to explore how elastic compression therapy is organised and could be improved from a multistakeholder perspective
Authors: Schreurs Rachel Hellen Petra , Joore Manuela A , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesElastic compression stocking (ECS) therapy is an important treatment for patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). This study aimed to provide insight into the structure and variability of the ECS therapy process, its effects on outcomes, and to elicit improvement themes from a multiple stakeholder perspective.DesignThirty semi-structured interviews with professionals and patients were performed. The essential functions for the process of ECS therapy were extracted to create two work-as-done models using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). These findings were used to guide discussion between stakeholders to identify improvement themes.SettingTwo regions in the Netherlands, region Limburg and region North-Holland, including an academic hospital and a general hospital and their catchment region.ParticipantsThe interviewees were purposely recruited and included 25 healthcare professionals (ie, general practitioners, internists, dermatologists, nurses, doctor’s assistants, occupational therapists, home care nurses and medical stocking suppliers) and 5 patients with DVT or CVI.ResultsTwo FRAM models were created (one for each region). The variability of the functions and their effect on outcomes, as well as interdependencies between functions, were identified. These were presented in stakeholder meetings to identify the structure of the process and designated variable and uniform parts of the process and its outcomes. Ultimately, six improvement themes were identified: dissemination of knowledge of the entire process; optimising and standardising initial compression therapy; optimising timing to contact the medical stocking supplier (when oedema has disappeared); improving the implementation of assistive devices; harmonising follow-up duration for patients with CVI; personalising follow-up and treatment duration in patients with DVT.ConclusionsThis study provided a detailed understanding of how ECS therapy is delivered in daily practice by describing major functions and variability in performances and elicited six improvement themes from a multistakeholder perspective.
What role do patients prefer in medical decision-making?: a population-based nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Gregório Micaela , Teixeira Andreia , Henriques Teresa , Páscoa Rosália , Baptista Sofia , Carvalho Rosa , Martins Carlos 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess patients’ preferred roles in healthcare-related decision-making in a representative sample of the Portuguese population.DesignPopulation-based nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA sample of Portuguese people 20 years or older were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire with the Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale.OutcomesThe primary outcome was patients’ preferred role for each vignette of the problem-solving decision-making scale. Sociodemographic factors associated with the preferred roles were the secondary outcomes.Results599 participants (20–99 years, 53.8% women) were interviewed. Three vignettes of the Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale were compared:morbidity,mortalityandquality of life. Most patients preferred a passive role for both the problem-solving and decision-making components of the scale, particularly for themortality vignette(66.1% in the analysis of the three vignettes), although comparatively more opted to share decision in the decision-making component. For thequality of life vignette, a higher percentage of patients wanted a shared role (44.3%) than with the other two vignettes. In the problem-solving component, preferences were significantly associated with area of residence (p<0.001) and educational level (p=0.013), while in the decision-making, component preferences were associated with age (p=0.020), educational level (p=0.015) and profession (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this representative sample of the Portuguese mainland population, most patients preferred a practitioner-controlling role for both the problem-solving and decision-making components. In a life-threatening situation, patients were more willing to let the doctor decide. In contrast, in a less serious situation, there is a greater willingness to participate in decision-making. We have found that shared decision-making is more acceptable to better-educated patients in the problem-solving component and to people who are younger, higher educated and employed, in the decision-making component.