bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land system transformations govern the trophic status of an urban wetland ecosystem: Perspectives from remote sensing and water quality analysis
Authors: Dar Shahid Ahmad , Rashid Irfan , Bhat Sami Ullah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, urban wetlands are facing immense pressure from land use land cover changes (LULCCs) and associated water quality degradation that is severely affecting the trophic status of these ecosystems. This study analyzed water quality degradation resulting from land system changes in the vicinity of Khushalsar, an urban Wetland, in Srinagar City from 1980 to 2017. The analysis of satellite data indicated that this Wetland lost ~18.1 ha from 1980 to 2017. During the same period, the urban area within the Wetland increased from 0.2% to 16.5%. The land cover changes assessed in the vicinity of Wetland indicated an increase of 119% and 62.8% in built‐up and roads respectively. The analysis of surface water quality of the Wetland showed widespread degradation. The Trophic state index ranged from 73.4 to 84.6 indicating hyper‐eutrophic waters. A snapshot of comparative water quality data from 2002 to 2018 revealed that the mean concentration of NO3−‐N increased from 219 to 433 μg L−1 and that of total phosphorus increased from 135.4 to 1,236 μg L−1 indicative of continuous nutrient enrichment. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped eight sampling sites into four clusters based on likeliness of water quality characteristics. Similarly, discriminant analysis showed the formation of similar patterns of clusters, corroborating the HCA. Principal component analysis suggested three principal components accounting for a cumulative variance of 90.61%. The unplanned land system changes vis‐a‐vis human‐induced water quality degradation together with the lack of a monitoring mechanism have brought the Khushalsar Wetland to its current hyper‐eutrophic state.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of lentil milk/inulin blend—A feta cheese analogue
Authors: Moradi Donya , Ziarati Parisa , Sawicka Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, due to nutritional conditions and increasing consumer awareness, the tendency of using healthy food has been necessary. Besides, much consideration is given to use of the legumes protein and fat in dairy products due to their low cost and healthy benefits. Indeed, by increasing obesity and cardio‐vascular diseases, and consideration of consumers to nutritional health, the demand for healthy products has increased. The present study is based on achieving a good formulation by replacing a part of cow's milk with lentil milk to produce vegetable functional cheese with good flavor and texture and acceptable appearance from the point of view of consumers. Inulin was used to improve the texture and organoleptic properties. The applied lentil milk was 0%, 10%, and 20%, and inulin was 0%, 3.5%, and 7.0% in nine formulations. The results revealed that the high level of lentil milk (20%) lead to a sandy texture. The formulation which contained 10% and 3.5% of lentil milk and inulin, respectively, obtained the best texture and sensory score.
Functional Connectomics and Disease Progression in Drug‐Naïve Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: De Micco Rosa , Agosta Federica , Basaia Silvia , Siciliano Mattia , Cividini Camilla , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Filippi Massimo , Tessitore Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional brain connectivity alterations may be detectable even before the occurrence of brain atrophy, indicating their potential as early markers of pathological processes.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the whole‐brain network topologic organization of the functional connectome in a large cohort of drug‐naïve Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and to explore whether baseline connectivity changes may predict clinical progression.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐seven drug‐naïve, cognitively unimpaired PD patients were enrolled in the study at baseline and compared to 38 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Non‐hierarchical cluster analysis using motor and non‐motor data was applied to stratify PD patients into two subtypes: 77 early/mild and 70 early/severe. Graph theory analysis and connectomics were used to assess global and local topological network properties and regional functional connectivity at baseline. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis investigated whether baseline functional imaging data were predictors of clinical progression over 2 years.ResultsAt baseline, widespread functional connectivity abnormalities were detected in the basal ganglia, sensorimotor, frontal, and occipital networks in PD patients compared to controls. Decreased regional functional connectivity involving mostly striato‐frontal, temporal, occipital, and limbic connections differentiated early/mild from early/severe PD patients. Connectivity changes were found to be independent predictors of cognitive progression at 2‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that functional reorganization of the brain connectome occurs early in PD and underlies crucial involvement of striatal projections. Connectomic measures may be helpful to identify a specific PD patient subtype, characterized by severe motor and non‐motor clinical burden as well as widespread functional connectivity abnormalities. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Hypoxia Conditioning as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Burtscher Johannes , Syed Muhammed Muazzam Kamil , Lashuel Hilal A. , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTSeveral lines of research point to a key role of low oxygen supply (hypoxia) in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Although severe hypoxia is detrimental for the brain, physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia are neuroprotective. Herein we discuss, how neuroprotective effects can be induced by hypoxia conditioning and how related approaches have the potential to be harnessed as therapeutic strategies in Parkinson's disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis of a family with congenital contractural arachnodactyly
Authors: Hu Lin , Li Huanzheng , Sun Guang , Wu Ke , Luan Zhaotang , Xiang Yanbao , Tang Shaohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2). The primary clinical symptoms of CCA include multiple flexion contractures, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, scoliosis, abnormal pinnae, muscular hypoplasia, and crumpled ears.MethodsWe used whole‐exome sequencing technology to examine an arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and used Sanger sequencing technology to genetically confirm its family.ResultsFBN2 c.3344A>T(p.D1115V) was identified in this family with CCA in a pedigree. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling were carried out simultaneously to avoid the birth of the sick fetus.ConclusionThe study is on FBN2 variant in CCA, which potentially having implications for genetic counseling and clinical management, our study may provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of CCA.
An exploratory study using video analysis of rheumatology specialist nurses conducting methotrexate education consultations with patients
Authors: Robinson Sandra , Scott Jason , Adams Nicola , Heslop Peta , Hassell Andrew , Ryan Sarah , Walker David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrior to commencing methotrexate, patients routinely attend an education consultation with a rheumatology nurse. The purpose of the consultation is to discuss the patients' expectations and concerns related to commencing methotrexate, the benefits of treatment, potential side effects and monitoring requirements. The aim of this study was to use video analysis to assess the structure, content and mode of delivery of the consultation.MethodsVideo recordings of 10 patient–nurse consultations, involving four specialist rheumatology nurses, were analysed and transcribed. The consultations were compared with the Calgary–Cambridge (CC) consultation model. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Data were quantitatively assessed for verbal and non‐verbal behaviours.FindingsAssessment of the video data using the CC model demonstrated good structure, content and flow of the consultation, influenced by the use of an information leaflet. Consultations generally consisted of communication from nurse to patient rather than a dialogue; the nurse spoke for 69%–86% of the time; clarification of the patient's understanding of the information did not take place in any of the consultations. Thematic analysis also showed that the nurse agenda dominated and the nurse was aware of ‘overloading' the patient with information. Cues from the patients to discuss items of importance were often missed.ConclusionVideo analysis can be used to identify the aspects of the consultation that work well and those areas of the consultation that could be improved with specific training.
Parental‐couple separation during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Gamgam Leanderz Åsa , Hallgren Jenny , Henricson Maria , Larsson Margaretha , Bäckström Caroline 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate factors associated with parental separation during the parenthood transition.DesignProspective, longitudinal and explorative.MethodsThis is a quantitative longitudinal study of N784 subjects throughout the pregnancy journey with multivariate regression analysis of survey data derived from three validated measurement scales; the Sense of Coherence scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Perceived Quality of the Dyadic Relationship scale conducted 2014–2016.ResultsN17 participants separated at 2 years. Parental separation was significantly greater for those women and partners with low or changing sense of coherence, perceived social support and perceived quality of the parental‐couple relationship indexes. Partners with a change in sense of coherence (p: .003) and perceived quality of the parental‐couple relationship (p: .020) between 1 week and 2 years were at greater risk for separation. Attending professional preparatory support with a partner for women (p: .013) and attending the “Inspirational Lecture” for partners (p: .046) were, to a lesser extent, associated with a risk of parental separation.
A supercritical fluid workflow for the quality assessment of herbal drugs and commercial preparations from Rhodiola rosea
Authors: Langeder Julia , Grienke Ulrike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreparations from the Rhodiola rosea are experiencing an increase in popularity: extracts of dried roots and rhizomes are used as adaptogen to treat stress, fatigue, and weakness. To meet high pharmaceutical standards, fast and reliable methods to assess phytochemical variations in respect of quality control are needed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to extract and quantify seven characteristic secondary metabolites of R. rosea, namely p‐tyrosol (1), rosin (2), rosiridin (3), salidroside (4), rosarin (5), rosavin (6), and tricin‐5‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (7) in 24 herbal drugs and seven commercial preparations using a newly established supercritical fluid workflow.MethodsThe developed protocol allowed for an exhaustive extraction of compounds 1–7 using 60% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 40% methanol. The constituents were analysed on an ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) instrument using a charged surface hybrid fluoro‐phenyl (CSH FP) column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm; mobile phase: CO2 and methanol).ResultsThe seven compounds were separated in a remarkably short time (< 3.5 minutes). For their quantitation, good results in terms of selectivity, linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), precision (intraday ≤ 3.03%, interday ≤ 5.17%) and accuracy (recovery rates 96.6–102.4%) were achieved using selected ion recording on a Quadrupole Dalton (QDa) mass detector.ConclusionThe quantitative analysis of the investigated herbal drugs showed a highly differing metabolite pattern which was also observed in the investigated commercial products. None of the commercial dietary products met the declared content of rosavins and salidroside. The developed and validated protocol offers a novel and reliable method to assess the quantitative composition of Rhodiola herbal drugs and preparations.
Developing pathways, a hope‐enhancing intervention for metastatic lung cancer patients receiving cancer treatment
Authors: McLouth Laurie E. , Weyman Kaitlyn , Golden Shannon L. , Cheavens Jennifer S. , Peterman Amy , Bursac Vilma , Gabbard Jennifer , Weaver Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveBetween 40% and 65% of lung cancer patients report concern about maintaining valued activities and roles, yet few interventions address this concern. Hope, a patient's perceived ability to generate goals and identify ways to pursue them, may be a promising intervention target to support function among lung cancer patients. The goal of this study was to assess metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patient interest and preferences for a hope‐enhancing intervention.MethodsWe conducted a sequential mixed‐methods (survey followed by semi‐structured interviews) study with patients with mNSCLC. Surveys assessed patient interest in, perceived helpfulness of, and preferences for a hope intervention. A subset of 12 patients (and caregivers, when present) completed semi‐structured interviews to elicit feedback on proposed intervention content and procedures.ResultsSurvey data from 60 patients (40% male; Mean age = 62.5; SD = 9.3) suggested high perceived importance of pursuing personal goals during cancer treatment, moderate perceived helpfulness in discussing personal goals, and preference for a nurse‐led intervention. Based on these data, a 5‐session, nurse‐led intervention protocol was drafted and reviewed with 12 patients. Interviewed patients and caregivers agreed working towards goals was beneficial, liked the intervention concept, and thought prompts and rating scales on handouts would facilitate discussion. The majority preferred nurse delivery during infusions.ConclusionsA nurse‐led hope‐enhancing intervention delivered primarily during infusions may be acceptable to mNSCLC patients. Future work should test feasibility and identify ways to incorporate caregivers and oncology providers into hope interventions.
Test–retest reliability and correlates of the 6‐min walk test in people with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Vandael Hannelore , Hallgren Mats , Van Damme Tine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeople with alcohol use disorders (AUD) are at a higher risk for physical co‐morbidities. Consequently, their daily life functioning needs to be reliably assessed and followed‐up. We examined the reliability of the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in a cohort of inpatients with AUD. Secondary aims were to assess minimal detectable changes (MDC95), practice effects and associations of the 6MWT with demographical and clinical variables.MethodsTwo 6MWTs were administered within 3 days to 45 (32♂) inpatients with a DSM‐5 diagnosis of AUD. Physical complaints before and after the 6MWT were recorded. Patients performed a standing broad jump to assess muscle strength and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.ResultsPatients walked 636.3 ± 82.3 meters and 638.1 ± 77.6 meters at the first and second test. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.97). The MDC95 was 15 meters for men and 9 meters for women. No practice effect was detected. The presence of feet or ankle problems or pain before the test, dyspnea after the test, impaired muscle strength and lower PANAS positive affect scores were independently related to shorter 6MWT distance accounting for 67.3% of the variance.ConclusionThe 6MWT is a reliable tool for evaluating the functional exercise capacity in inpatients with AUD. Health care professionals should consider musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms when interpreting fitness test outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Historical changes in the lethal effects of insecticides against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)
Authors: Uesugi Ryuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is one of the most destructive pests owing to the rapid development of resistance to various groups of insecticides. Although the rotation strategy has become common, resistance management continues to be a critical issue.RESULTSIn Japan, historical changes in the susceptibility of P. xylostella to insecticides were estimated using 82 references. The meta‐analysis using generalized linear mixed models suggested that each mode of action (MoA) had different patterns of changes to the susceptibility, which might be due to the prevalence of the rotation strategy since the 2010s and the fitness cost of the resistance gene. For example, spinosyns and bacterial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), for which resistance has a high fitness cost, maintained high lethal effects on P. xylostella throughout several decades. However, pyrethroids and benzoylureas, for which resistance has no or little fitness cost, remained at low levels of susceptibility regardless of the rotation strategy.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest optimal combinations of MoA for a sustainable rotation strategy based on their stability and recovery of effectiveness. Susceptibility monitoring using our method and further study of fitness costs will improve the rotation strategy concerning P. xylostella in the future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Space, place and internationalisation of higher education: Exploring everyday social practices in the ‘international’ classroom
Authors: Spangler Vera , Adriansen Hanne Kirstine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to use a spatial approach to tease out implicit understandings of what is perceived as the ‘good’ student, the ‘right’ pedagogies and ‘legitimate’ knowledge in higher education internationalisation practices. We do so by attending to the social practices in the ‘international’ classroom and explore how such practices are shaped and impacted by students' various backgrounds, educational paths, prior knowledges and at the same time by structural, cultural and national characteristics of the host institution and the lecturers teaching there. The paper combines both lecturers' and students' perspectives and details the complex relationality of people and places connected through movement and performances of internationalisation. Inspired by critical internationalisation studies, we demonstrate how everyday practices and discourses in the ‘international’ classroom produce and reproduce global inequalities; thereby, we show some of the uneven geographies of higher education internationalisation.
Conceptualizing community resilience and the social dimensions of risk to overcome barriers to disaster risk reduction and sustainable development
Authors: Imperiale Angelo Jonas , Vanclay Frank 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrises and disasters are windows of opportunity to learn and transform toward enhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience. However, a poor understanding of community resilience and the social dimensions of risk, the lack of a methodology to engage and empower resilience in society, and business‐as‐usual together limit the implementation of effective DRR and resilience‐building strategies. In this reflection paper, we discuss the main elements of the DRR and resilience paradigm. By analyzing the failures in disaster management, we identified the cultural and political barriers to enhancing DRR and community resilience as being: a paternalistic social protection culture; and the command‐and‐control approach to knowledge and resources for risk reduction. We reflect on the implications of this for sustainable development and argue that building a glocal culture of community wellbeing and resilience and a socially sustainable risk governance is needed to overcome the cultural and political barriers to DRR and sustainable development.
Effects of anaerobic HRT and VFA loading on the kinetics and stoichiometry of enhanced biological phosphorus removal
Authors: Coats Erik R. , Deyo Brent , Brower Nicole , Brinkman Cynthia K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) can recover significant quantities of wastewater phosphorus. However, this resource recovery process realizes limited use largely due to process stability concerns. The research evaluated the effects of anaerobic HRT (τAN) and VFA concentration—critical operational parameters that can be externally controlled—on EBPR performance. Evaluated alone, τAN (1–4 h) exhibited no statistical effect on effluent phosphorus. However, PHA increased with VFA loading and biomass accumulated more phosphorus. Regarding resiliency, under increasing VFA loads PAOs hydrolyzed more phosphorus to uptake/catabolize VFAs; moreover, PHA synthesis normalized to VFA loading increased with τAN, suggesting fermentation. Kinetically, PAOs exhibited a Monod‐like relationships for qPHAAN and qVFAAN as a function of anaerobic P release; additionally, qPAE exhibited a Monod‐like relationship with end‐anaerobic PHA concentration. A culminating analysis affirmed the relationship between enhanced aerobic P uptake, and net P removal, with a parameter (phosphorus removal propensity factor) that combines influent VFA concentration with τAN.Practitioner points

Evaluated alone τAN exhibits no statistical effect on effluent phosphorus in an EBPR configuration.
Increased PHA synthesis, associated with increased VFAs and/or extended τAN, enhances aerobic phosphorus removal.
PHA synthesis normalized to VFA loading increased with τAN, suggesting fermentation in the EBPR anaerobic zone.
Aerobic phosphorus uptake increases linearly with anaerobic phosphorus release, with the slope exceeding unity.
Increased VFAs can be substituted for shorter anaerobic HRTs, and vice versa, to enhance EBPR performance.
Silver nanoparticles as a potential treatment against SARS‐CoV‐2: A review
Authors: Pilaquinga Fernanda , Morey Jeroni , Torres Marbel , Seqqat Rachid , Piña María de las Nieves 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are distinguished by the ability to generate epidemics or pandemics, with their corresponding diseases characterized by severe respiratory illness, such as that which occurs in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS‐CoV), and, today, in SARS‐CoV‐2, an outbreak that has struck explosively and uncontrollably beginning in December 2019 and has claimed the lives of more than 1.9 M people worldwide as of January 2021. The development of vaccines has taken one year, which is why it is necessary to investigate whether some already‐existing alternatives that have been successfully developed in recent years can mitigate the pandemic's advance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have proved effective in antiviral action. Thus, in this review, several in vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of AgNPs on viruses that cause respiratory diseases are analyzed and discussed to promote an understanding of the possible interaction of AgNPs with SARS‐CoV‐2. The study focuses on several in vivo toxicological studies of AgNPs and a dose extrapolation to humans to determine the chief avenue of exposure. It can be concluded that the use of AgNPs as a possible treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 could be viable, based on comparing the virus' behavior to that of similar viruses in in vivo studies, and that the suggested route of administration in terms of least degree of adverse effects is inhalation.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials