bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Bacteriological Profile of the Drink Tchakpalo (Sugar Must) Sold In Cotonou Schools in the Republic of Benin
Authors: N. AÏKOU , A. T. AHOYO , C DEGBE S. , S. ADE , B. R. GNANGLE , M. AÏKOU N. L. , E. AÏKOU A. N. , P EDORH A. 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to identify the germs present in the drink (sweet must) sold in Cotonou schools in the Republic of Benin. One hundred (100) samples of the sweet must drink were used for this study. All samples of the sweet must drink were taken from sterile 40 ml bottles. After carrying out the various bacteriological examinations, it emerged from the tests that the germs isolated belong to the genera Staphylococcus and Klebsiella. We obtained the following percentages: 52% Staphylococcus aureus; 28 % Staphylococcus sp; 12 % Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8 % Klebsiella oxytoca. It is therefore essential to raise awareness among the saleswomen on the respect of hygiene rules and standards.
Influência da Densidade de Preenchimento e do Número de Perímetros nas Propriedades Mecânicas de Peças Fabricadas em PLA a Partir de Impressão 3D
Authors: Medeiros Magno , Da Silva Marlon , De Oliveira Daniella , Dos Santos Fábio , Rodrigues Luanda Kívia 
Published: January 2021

<p>With the dissemination of the additive manufacturing by deposition of molten material, popularly known as 3D printing, studies on the mechanical properties of the pieces manufactured through this process are necessary to increase the understanding of their behaviors, as well as to know how to expand the application horizons of the technology in the manufacture of items that will<br />work under mechanical stresses. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the influence of two printing parameters (number of perimeters and filling density) on the mechanical properties of specimens manufactured in PLA from 3D printing. For the study, the specimens made of PLA filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm, using the FDM technique and a 3D Cloner DH Plus model machine, were submitted to tensile test. From the analyzes carried out, it was possible to verify that the number of perimeters is more relevant with regard to the mechanical resistance to traction. The results were satisfactory and allow to trace interesting parallels with the data obtained in other studies used as references in present work.</p><p><br /><strong>Key words</strong>: PLA; 3D printing; number of perimeters; filling density; mechanical properties.</p><p>==================================================================</p><p>Com a disseminação da manufatura aditiva por deposição de material fundido, popularmente conhecida como impressão 3D, fazem-se necessários estudos a respeito das propriedades mecânicas das peças fabricadas por este processo a fim de aumentar a compreensão do comportamento destes objetos e expandir os horizontes de aplicação da tecnologia na fabricação de itens que irão trabalhar sob solicitações mecânicas. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a influência de dois parâmetros de impressão (número de perímetros e densidade de preenchimento) sobre as propriedades mecânicas de corpos de prova fabricados em PLA a partir da impressão 3D. Para o estudo, os corpos de prova foram confeccionados a partir do filamento de PLA com diâmetro de 1,75 mm, por meio da técnica FDM, utilizando uma máquina 3D Cloner, modelo DH Plus, e submetidos ao ensaio de tração. A partir das análises efetuadas, foi possível constatar que o parâmetro “número de perímetros” é mais relevante no que tange a resistência mecânica à tração. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e permitem traçar paralelos interessantes com dados obtidos em outros estudos utilizados como referência na elaboração deste artigo.</p><p><br /><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: PLA; impressão 3D; número de perímetros; densidade de preenchimento; propriedades mecânicas</p>
Expression of β-catenin in Minor Salivary Glands Adjacent to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ibraheem Ban , Mohammad Dena , Hamied Marwa 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the expression pattern, localization, and stain intensity of β-catenin in minor salivary glands adjacent to surgically excised oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods: A retrospective study was held with 16 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks with minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Sections were stained and evaluated immunohistochemically
with β-catenin. The staining expression was assessed according to cellular localization, stain intensity, and, lastly, the pattern of stain distribution throughout acini.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0 software for Windows, and data analyzed by Fisher's exact test. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: All minor salivary glands in the studied sample showed β-catenin staining with different expression in their functional units, as all had ductal and myoepithelial cells staining with a predominant cytoplasmic
localization. While the mucous acini showed β- catenin expression in 10 cases (62.5%), this marker was significantly less frequently detected in serous acini of two cases of poorly differentiated OSCC (p= .008).
A highly significant relation was found between the β-catenin cellular localization and stain distribution pattern in mucous and serous acini.
Conclusions: β-catenin had altered cytoplasmic expression in all of the minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Furthermore, the diffuse pattern of distribution throughout the acini could identify the multi-patches
pathological alteration of this area. The current study clarifies that the adjacent clinically normal-appearing salivary glands could harbor genetic aberrations of their subsequent malignant transformation.
The Effect of Oral-care Program and Mouthwash Useas a Prophylaxis in Minimizing the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Patients
Authors: Anwer Delan , Ahmed Khadija , Abdulla Basil 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of the oral-care program and Kin Care mouthwash on the rate and severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in pediatric and adolescent cancer patients.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted from May 2018 through May 2019. It was held in the Children Cancer Center of Hiwa Oncology and Hematology Hospital and included 48 participants aged 5-17 years who received chemotherapy. They were randomly allocated into either intervention or control groups; 24 patients each. The control group did not receive oral-care protocol intervention except for symptomatic measures. In contrast, the intervention group was provided with oral-care instructions and Kin Care mouthwash. Clinical evaluations were performed before commencing chemotherapy and then, twice per week, for three consecutive weeks. The World Health Organization Mucositis grading, the visual analog scale, oral hygiene status, and drinking and eating abilities were assessed.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning age, gender, and tumor type. The most severe grades of OM (Grade III-IV) among the intervention group were significantly less than the control group (2.1% versus 22.9%). Besides, the use of Kin Care mouthwash decreased the occurrence of OM into half. The risk ratio of developing OM (Grades II-IV) was 0.51.
Conclusions: Regular oral-care program and Kin Care solution for children receiving chemotherapy effectively decreases the rate and severity of OM.
Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation to Periodontal Status and BMI
Authors: Mahmood Tarza , Zardawi Faraedon 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between periodontal status and BMI by evaluating salivary biomarkers - Resistin, visfatin, and TNF-α.
Methods: Among 580 screened subjects, 86 subjects (30 male and 56 female) aged 30-60 years recruited and grouped into four groups, Group 1 – non-obese with healthy periodontium, group 2 – non-obese with periodontitis, group 3 - obese with healthy periodontium, and group 4 - obese with periodontitis, according to their clinical periodontal parameters and BMI. (ELISA) was used to measure the salivary concentration of Resistin, Visfatin, and TNF-α. (SPSS, v.20.0) applied for statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk used to test the Normality of distribution. One-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the outcome data.
Results: Significant differences in the clinical variables (PI, BI, PPD, and CAL) between test and control groups, with and with no periodontitis (P<0.05). However, no significant differences (P>0.05) between the level of Resistin were detected in the four groups tested. TNF-α was and periodontitis obese groups (P-value< 0.05). No significant correlations were found between clinical periodontal parameters and BMI and the three biomarkers' levels in the four groups tested in this study.
Conclusions: The study failed to detect significant positive correlations between the salivary biomarkers' levels and clinical periodontal and obesity parameters.
Diagnostic Potential of Salivary Biomarker Profiles in Epidemiological Survey of Periodontitis
Authors: Mohammed Lona , Gul Sarhang 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of salivary biomarker profiles in determining the prevalence of periodontitis in the adult population using the case definition for population-based surveillance of periodontitis (CDC/AAP) criteria.
Methods: Eighty subjects with healthy periodontium, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were recruited (20 in each group) using CDC/AAP criteria. Clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Salivary samples were analyzed to determine levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and total protein (TP). ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare clinical and salivary parameters. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify each examined group.
Results: Clinical parameters were significantly higher in periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group (p< 0.0001) except in PPD and PI. Both MMP8 and IL-1β were significantly higher in the moderate and severe periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group. No statistically significant differences in TP levels were found between examined groups (p=0.9). Multinomial regression analysis showed that the combination of MMP8, IL-1β, and age could accurately identify health, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups with the certainty of 90%, 65%, 60%, 70%, respectively.
Conclusions: This study suggests that age, salivary MMP8, and IL-1β levels offer a way to determine the prevalence of periodontitis using CDC/AAP criteria.
Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis by Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Baban Mohammed , Talabani Ranjdar , Rashid Mardin , Abdulateef Darwn , Gul Sarhang , Abdulkareem Bamo , Salih Rishwan 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontics (AP) from a sample of Iraqi adult population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one CBCT images (116 male and 135 female) were obtained, 6738 teeth were examined of these patients who attended for dental treatment from January 2017 to June 2018 in the B&R private dental clinic in Sulaimani, Kurdistan region/Iraq. Apical periodontitis was divided according to tooth types (anatomical) in both upper and lower jaw, root canal treatment (RCT) and non-root canal treatment (Non-RCT), affected root by AP, and quality of RCT. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance (p<0.05). Results: Apical periodontitis was found in 294 teeth from 6738 examined teeth, of these, 59.9% of AP incidence was linked to RCT. The percentage of periapical lesions was not significantly different between male and female patients. Among RCT teeth, maxillary teeth were found to be most susceptible to AP (61.92%) compared to mandibular teeth (38.07%). Mesiobuccal root of upper first molar and mesial root of lower first molar were most commonly affected with AP (12.4%). The most reported defects where under filling, followed by missed canal, and pulpotomy which were 32%, 20% and 18 % respectively. Missed upper second mesiobuccal canal presented with a higher percentage of AP (40.6%) and palatal roots of maxillary molars showed the least AP (2.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of AP was low on population level; however, the prevalence of AP was high in inadequate endodontically treated teeth and increased in teeth with complex anatomy.
Enamel Integrity: Base Morphology and Clarity of Debonded Modern Ceramic Brackets
Authors: Mohammed Omar 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of base morphology and clarity of modern ceramic orthodontic brackets on adhesion of brackets with enamel surface and enamel surface integrity after debonding.
Methods: The Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used at high magnification 1000x, and the images were taken for a retentive base of three types of ceramic brackets (Pure, Encore, and Reflections). The degree of light transmission was evaluated, and shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were evaluated.
Results: SEM exhibited differences in surface morphology of retentive base between tested ceramic brackets. Optical Characteristic showed Pure brackets were significant differences with all tested brackets but not significant between them. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at (p < 0.05) in shear bond strength. The reflections and Encore gave the highest bond strength, while the Pure gave the lowest value.
Conclusions: The morphology of the base and clarity of ceramic brackets directly affect the adhesion brackets with enamel surface under the same condition. In addition, the mode of retention plays an important role in the damage of the enamel surface after debonding.
Clinicoradiographical Features of Jaw Bone Lesions in a Group of Patients Attended Two Maxillofacial Centers in Sulaimani City
Authors: Salih Renaz , Garib Balkees 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution, clinical and radiographic features of different jaw lesions.
Methods: A descriptive study included 110 cases of jaw bone lesions collected along seven years from two major maxillofacial centers in Sulaimani governorate-Iraq.
Results: The sample predominated by males (59.1%), male to female ratio of 1.4:1., the most affected age group 21-40 years (40.9%), the most common presenting sign was swelling (74.5%) besides, the swelling was the most common chief complain (with pain 30%; or without pain 59.1%). Systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss were present in only four patients (3.6%). One-third of cases (33.6%) presented for the 2-12months duration. The mandible was affected in 56.4% of cases. Regarding the radiographic features, 80% of lesions were ≤5cm in maximum dimension, 69.1% of the lesions were radiolucent. Ill or well-defined borders were equally presented (47.3%). 39.9% of lesions related to the teeth (root apices, impactions, displacement, and resorption). Concerning the diagnosis, 48.2% of the lesions were diagnosed as a cyst, followed by tumors 29.1%.
Conclusions: Jaw lesions of different origins can share the same clinical and radiographic features; dental professionals should have information about the most common lesions to guide them toward proper investigations and management.
The Effect of Submucosal Injection of Plasma Rich Platelets on the Rate of Orthodontically Induced Canine Retraction in Subject with Bimaxillary Protrusion
Authors: Ali Trefa , Chawshli Omar 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the effects of submucosal injection of Plasma Rich Platelets (PRP) on the rate of canine retraction.
Methods: Eighteen females with bimaxillary protrusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment, College of the Dentistry/University of Sulaimani, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis. It’s a split-mouth design; the upper left side was the control side while the upper right side served as the intervention side (submucosal injection of PRP); after aligning and leveling, the retraction phase was initiated on .017× .025 Stainless steel archwire with power chain from the canine bracket to temporary anchorage device inserted between the upper 2nd premolar and 1st molar at the same level for both sides. The elastomeric chains were changed every two weeks. Scanned intraoral images were obtained by intra- oral CEREC omnicam scanner before retraction and at the end of retraction to measure the amount of canine movement using inLab CAM 15.0 software 2015.
Results: A highly significant acceleration of canine retraction on the intervention side compared with the control side at p <.0001 with a rate of 29.1% higher overall retraction phase (108 days).
Conclusions: Submucosal injection of PRP is a minimally-invasive and low-cost method that can be used for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
Effect of Some Disinfectant Solutions on the Adherence of Candida albicans to Three Types of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials
Authors: Ahmed Seeran , Jaffer Nadia 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Microbial adhesion to denture surface is problematic for denture wearers, especially those with impaired dexterities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two plant extracts (clove and Basil) in addition to Chlorhexidine on candida Albicans adherence to (heat, cold, light) activated acrylic denture base materials.
Methods: Two herbal extracted clove (Eugenia caryohyllata) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum) were prepared by drying, ground to powder, and extracted with ethanol chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% were used as three disinfectant solutions. One hundred and five square acrylic samples were prepared from (heat, cold, and light) activated acrylic resin denture base materials in dimensions of 10×10×2 mm for the study. The disk diffusion test was used to determine the susceptibility of C. Albicans to disinfectant solutions. The adhesion of yeast to the acrylic resin samples was measured with a light microscope by measuring the number of fungal cells in the corners of the square and expressed as no. of cells/mm2. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA to compare the mean of readings between disinfectant solutions and post-hoc t-test in which the p-value is less than 0.05.
Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) of adhesion of C.albicans were found on the surfaces of three types of activated acrylic resin materials with means of 19.18, 46.25, and 26.50 cell/mm2on heat, light, and cold cure respectively and after immersing the specimens on the disinfectant solutions regarding the highest effect of the disinfectant solutions was seen in chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% which demonstrate 3.11, 5.89 and 5.43 cell/mm2 followed by Basil with means of 6.75, 13.57 and 10.11 cell/mm2 on heat, light and cold cure acrylic resin specimens correspondingly, then the clove and finally distilled water.
Conclusions: Both clove buds and basil leaves extracted solutions exhibited high antifungal activity besides Chlorhexidine on the surface of denture base materials. The highest inhibition zone was seen in Chlorhexidine, followed by Basil, clove, and distilled water, respectively. The number of fungal cell adhesion to the three types of denture base was decreased in the three disinfectant solutions when compared to distilled water (control group).
Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Existing Complete Dentures for Those Patients Attending College of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani
Authors: Saddq Tanya , Al-Kaisy Neda , Ibrahim Rawa 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among complete denture wearers and to inspect any impact differences between males and females denture wearers.
Methods: The study sample involved 100 complete denture wearers’ (55 males and 45 females) aged between 40-74 years, who attended the Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani. All of the participants Interviewed directly by the researcher to answer the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-EDENT-19) to assess the prevalence of impacts using three answering scales:1= never, 2= sometimes, 3=almost always. Socio-demographic information was gathered. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (chi-square test, P≤0.05).
Results: The majority of participants chose score-2 (sometimes) in answering questions regarding functional limitation, physical pain, physical and psychological disability (58% - 72%). While score-1 (never) was the answer to social disability questions (69%) and score-3 (almost always) was the response of participants to consider wearing a complete denture is a handicap (46%). There were insignificant differences between both sexes in the majority of responses. However, Females were significantly more anxious than males (P>0.05) in answering specific questions regarding self-consciousness, embarrassment, and avoid going out.
Conclusions: Conventional complete dentures bring negative impacts in the OHRQoL of elderly patients, mainly concerning physical pain and functional limitation, followed by handicap, physical disability, psychological discomfort. The least negative impact was on social and psychological disabilities. The most encountered problems by females than males were Psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and social disability.
Knowledge and Practice of Orthodontists Regarding Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Course in Kurdistan Region-Iraq: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kareem Fadil , Ismail Hadi , Amin Anwar , Arf Awder 
Published: January 2021

Objective: White spot lesions (WSL) are considered the most frequent complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice levels of orthodontic professionals regarding the prevention and treatment of WSL in the Kurdistan region-Iraq.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a validated self–administered questionnaire among orthodontic professionals and dentists practicing orthodontics. The questionnaire included ten questions about the knowledge and nine for the practice with regard to the prevention and treatment of WSL. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney test.
Results: Sixty orthodontists and dentists practicing orthodontics participated in the study. Most participants (78.3%) had intermediate knowledge, and 66.7% recorded high practice scores. The knowledge and practice scores in female orthodontists and participants with postgraduate orthodontics degrees were significantly higher than in male orthodontists and those without a postgraduate degree (P = 0.0001).
Conclusions: Participants exhibited good knowledge and experience and good practice in the prevention and treatment of WSL. It is recommended to have special practice guidelines for the prevention of WSL.