bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect on soil water availability, rather than silicon uptake by plants, explains the beneficial effect of silicon on rice during drought
Authors: Kuhla Jana , Pausch Johanna , Schaller Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious studies showed a decrease of drought stress specific parameters of plants after silicon (Si) fertilization. But all studies differed in soil Si concentration between the control and Si treatments. As amorphous silica (ASi) was recently found to cause a strong increase of water holding capacity and plant available water in soils, a combined effect of soil moisture and plant response due to Si addition was assumed. In this study, the influence of the soil Si content was excluded by using the same Si enriched soil for treatments of two rice lines, lsi1 mutant defective in Si uptake and its wild‐type rice. Most plant parameters, such as nutrient contents, biomass, specific leaf area, specific root length, leaf water content and C allocation did not differ significantly between the genotypes neither under flooded conditions, nor under drought conditions. Only photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were slightly higher for the wild type in both drought and flooded treatments. Overall, our data showed that Si accumulation within the plant tissues has only a minor effect on plant performance under drought stress. Hence, existing studies should be reinterpreted in light of the fact that Si additions may increase soil water availability.
Concomitant BK virus infection and visceral Leishmaniasis in a pediatric liver transplant recipient
Authors: Derakhshan Dorna , Basiratnia Mitra , Derakhshan Ali , Fallahzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Soleimani Neda , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Shirazi Yeganeh Babak , Mohammadzadeh Sahand 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients are vulnerable to various unusual infections. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a protozoal opportunistic infection, which may affect the immune‐suppressed hosts and solid organ transplant recipients. The BK virus infection is an evolving challenge in kidney transplant recipients. However, there are very few reports of BK virus (BKV) nephropathy involving the native kidney in liver transplant recipients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of these rare infections in a liver transplant recipient.Case reportThe patient was a 9‐year‐old girl, a case of liver transplantation who presented with the incidental finding of proteinuria, azotemia, and cytopenia. Investigations revealed that she had concomitant BKV nephropathy and visceral leishmaniasis. Both infections were successfully treated.ConclusionBK virus should be considered as a cause of nephropathy in liver transplant recipients. The presenting features of fever, cytopenia, and splenomegaly in a post‐transplant patient should remind of unusual infections such as VL other than the common post‐transplant conditions.
Inference on the History of a Randomly Growing Tree
Authors: Crane Harry , Xu Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spread of infectious disease in a human community or the proliferation of fake news on social media can be modelled as a randomly growing tree-shaped graph. The history of the random growth process is often unobserved but contains important information such as the source of the infection. We consider the problem of statistical inference on aspects of the latent history using only a single snapshot of the final tree. Our approach is to apply random labels to the observed unlabelled tree and analyse the resulting distribution of the growth process, conditional on the final outcome. We show that this conditional distribution is tractable under a shape exchangeability condition, which we introduce here, and that this condition is satisfied for many popular models for randomly growing trees such as uniform attachment, linear preferential attachment and uniform attachment on a D-regular tree. For inference of the root under shape exchangeability, we propose O(n log n) time algorithms for constructing confidence sets with valid frequentist coverage as well as bounds on the expected size of the confidence sets. We also provide efficient sampling algorithms which extend our methods to a wide class of inference problems.
Ghazālī's Transformative Answer to Scepticism
Authors: Hadisi Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Ghazālī's encounter with scepticism in the Deliverance from Error. For Ghazālī, I argue, radical scepticism about the possibility of knowledge ensues from intellectualist assumptions about the nature of justification. On the reading that I will propose, Ghazālī holds that foundational knowledge can only be justified via actions that lead to transformative experiences.
When Faced With Increasing Complexity: The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Drone Design
Authors: Song Binyang , Soria Zurita Nicolás F. , Nolte Hannah , Singh Harshika , Cagan Jonathan , McComb Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As artificial intelligence (AI) assistance tools become more ubiquitous in engineering design, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand the influence of AI assistance on the design process and design effectiveness. Previous work has shown the advantages of incorporating AI design agents to assist human designers. However, the influence of AI assistance on the behavior of designers during the design process is still unknown. This study examines the differences in participants’ design process and effectiveness with and without AI assistance during a complex drone design task using the HyForm design research platform. Data collected from this study are analyzed to assess the design process and effectiveness using quantitative methods, such as hidden Markov models and network analysis. The results indicate that AI assistance is most beneficial when addressing moderately complex objectives but exhibits a reduced advantage in addressing highly complex objectives. During the design process, the individual designers working with AI assistance employ a relatively explorative search strategy, while the individual designers working without AI assistance devote more effort to parameter design.
An Approach for Geometrically Nonlinear Topology Optimization Using Moving Wide-Bézier Components With Constrained Ends
Authors: Zhu Benliang , Wang Rixin , Zhang Hongchuan , Li Hai , Liang Junwen , Zhang Xianmin , Li Hao , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Standard moving morphable component (MMC)-based topology optimization methods use free components with explicitly geometrical parameters as design units to obtain the optimal structural topology by moving, deforming, and covering such components. In this study, we intend to present a method for geometrically nonlinear explicit topology optimization using moving wide-Bézier components with constrained ends. Not only can the method efficiently avoid the convergence issues associated with nonlinear structural response analysis, but it can also alleviate the component disconnection issues associated with the standard MMC-based topology optimization methods. The numerical investigations proposed in this work indicate that the proposed method allows us to obtain results in accordance with the current literature with a more stable optimization process. In addition, the proposed method can easily achieve minimum length scale control without adding constraints.
Sensitivity Analysis of Schlieren-Particle Image Velocimetry System for Simultaneous Measurement of Flow and Temperature Field of a Free Convective Flow Inside a Cubic Cavity
Authors: Bharti Omprakash S. , Saha Arun K. , Das Malay K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fluid flows characterized by density variations have been studied using the schlieren-particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The knife-edge location plays a crucial role in determining the system’s sensitivity, which significantly affects the accuracy of the measured quantities. Further, the optimum knife-edge position and the correct combination of image recording speed and interrogation window size are desirable for achieving the most accurate and reliable results. The present paper discusses the above issues on the measured quantities, such as temperature field, local Nusselt number distribution along the conducting walls, average Nusselt number, and velocity field. The experiment is performed to investigate laminar and steady natural convective flow in a water-enclosed cubic cavity with a left hot wall and a right cold wall. The analysis is undertaken for various knife-edge positions (0–90%), different image time separation varying (20–200 ms,) and interrogation window size using two passes varying from W1 = 32 pixels, W2 = 16 pixels to W1 = 128 pixels, W2 = 64 pixels. The results are presented for two distinct Rayleigh number, 1 × 108 and 3 × 108. Three-dimensional simulations have been carried out to check the fidelity of the experiment for Ra = 1 × 108. A high dynamic range of temperature is obtained for the range of knife-edge position in 50–65% while a high-velocity range is realized for knife-edge cutoff of 65% and combination of image time separation of Δt = 100 ms and interrogation window size with two passes of W1 = 64 pixels followed by W2 = 32 pixels.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Effect of Mini Channel Finned Heatsink on Thermoelectric Generator Performance in Air-Cooled Environment
Authors: Huang Shenghui , Li Wenbin , Xu Daochun , Sui Xiaomei , Zhang Yuqi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Air-cooled finned heatsink (FHS) are more compact than water-cooled heatsink due to no water channel, which is beneficial to simplify the structure of the cooling side of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) system. Therefore, a mini channel finned heatsink (MCFHS) was designed in this study based on Venturi effect. In this study, the mathematical model of TEG with MCFHS and FHS were developed and verified. The effects of the heating temperature and air flow velocity around the heatsinks on the TEG performance were analyzed and demonstrated. The TEG performance was investigated in terms of the temperatures of the two sides of the TEG, the TEG voltage, and the TEG efficiency. The results revealed that the smaller thermal resistance of heatsink is favorable for greater output of TEG. And the use of the MCFHS can effectively improve the performance of the TEG under different conditions. The maximum TEG efficiency with MCFHS could be 155% higher than the TEG with FHS.
Short Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
Authors: Elsherbiny Lamiaa , Al-Alili Ali , Alhassan Saeed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the rapid increase of energy demand and the continuous decrease of renewable energy cost, photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity has increased significantly. The PV power output depends on the available solar irradiance and other meteorological data such as air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The performance of PV panels also depends on the cleaning frequency and maintenance of these panels. Soiling is considered to be a key factor on PV performance in desert areas. The Middle East has one of the highest dust intensity in the world which results in dramatic PV power losses. Therefore, forecasting the power output of PV panels is essential for the development of smart grids and smart metering techniques. In this study, a hybrid Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed to forecast the performance of a PV panel. The hybrid ANN is trained on the local weather and solar data as well as different cleaning frequencies. Then, the performance of the hybrid-ANN is compared to that of a conventional ANN. The results are presented in terms of different statistical indices such as the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE). The results are used to find the optimal cleaning frequency required for the optimal PV performance.
Optimal Design of Novel Laminated Cooling System Considering Cooling Effectiveness and Thermomechanical Performance
Authors: Li Honglin , Li Lei , Gao Wenjing , Tang Zhonghao , Tan Chunlong , Ren Shuoshuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Laminated cooling is deemed as one of the most potential and novel cooling technologies for turbine blade to increase turbine inlet temperature, which combines the superiority of film cooling, pin fin cooling and impingement cooling. To realize optimal design, the multidisciplinary design optimization of laminated cooling configuration is conducted considering cooling performance under acceptable pressure loss and thermomechanical performance. A coupled multidisciplinary analysis model is established to perform aerodynamical analysis, heat transfer analysis and thermomechanical analysis. Based on parametrized laminated model and Design of Experiments method, the cooling effectiveness, pressure loss coefficient and maximum stress can be obtained under different design parameters and their dominated design variables can be clarified. Using these sampling points, a Kriging approximation surrogate model can be established to replace real numerical calculation process and balance the efficiency and fidelity. Finally, the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to find the maximum cooling effectiveness and minimum pressure loss under the constraint of maximum stress. Results shows that, the dilation of film hole diameter, pin fin diameter and impingement hole diameter and the reduction of target plate thickness can effectively improve cooling performance and meanwhile decrease maximum stress, which can be up to 17.68% and 4.96% separately under the acceptable poressure loss coefficient raise of 16.8%. That can be attributed to the enhancement of inner heat transfer and improvement of outer film cooling.
Investigation of Buoyancy Effects in Asymmetrically Heated Near-Critical Flows of Carbon Dioxide in Horizontal Microchannels Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Randle Lindsey V. , Fronk Brian M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, we use infrared thermography to calculate local heat transfer coefficients of top and bottom heated flows of near-critical carbon dioxide in an array of parallel microchannels. These data are used to evaluate the relative importance of buoyancy for different flow arrangements. A Joule heated thin wall made of Inconel 718 applies a uniform heat flux either above or below the horizontal flow. A Torlon PAI test section consists of three parallel microchannels with a hydraulic diameter of 923 μm. The reduced inlet temperature (TR = 1.006) and reduced pressure (PR = 1.03) are held constant. For each heater orientation, the mass flux (520 kgm−2s−2 ≤ G ≤ 800 kgm−2s−2) and heat flux (4.7 Wcm−2 ≤ q″ ≤ 11.1 Wcm−2) are varied. A 2D resistance network analysis method calculates the bulk temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. In this analysis, we divide the test section into approximately 250 segments along the stream-wise direction. We then calculate the bulk temperatures using the enthalpy from the upstream segment, the heat flux in a segment, and the pressure. To isolate the effect of buoyancy, we screen the data to omit conditions where flow acceleration may be important or where relaminarization may occur. In the developed region of the channel, there was a 10 to 15 percent reduction of the local heat transfer coefficients for the upward heating mode compared to downward heating with the same mass and heat fluxes. Thus buoyancy effects should be considered when developing correlations for these types of flow.
Slip Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in Confined Porous Media With Different Shape Cylinders
Authors: Tariq Ammar , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the recent advances in micro devices, an accurate gas flow and heat transfer analysis become more relevant considering the slip effect. A micro-scale, multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method with double distribution function approach is used to simulate flow and heat transfer through circular- and diamond-shaped cylinders at the porescale level. The velocity slip and temperature jump are captured at the boundaries using a non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme with the counter-extrapolation method. A pore-scale domain of micro-cylinders comprised of circle and diamond shape are studied. It is found that the permeability increases linearly with an increase in Knudsen number for both circular- and diamond-shaped cylinders. However, the permeability increase for circular obstacle is larger than that of the diamond one. A larger surface area for diamond cylinder will offer more resistance to flow, hence resulting in lower values. For heat transfer, the Nusselt number shows an increase with increasing Reynolds number, however, it decreases with the increase in porosity. Nusselt number values are found to be higher for a circular obstacle. A variable boundary gradient for circular obstacle could be a possible explanation for this difference.
Numerical Simulation of Indoor Human Sneezing
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Sajjad Muhammad , Islam MD. , Janajreh Lina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Transient numerical simulations have been carried out to mimic and analyse the transmission of various species resulting from human sneezing. The extent of the spread of sneezed air and associated droplets is also investigated based on various parameters. A 2D geometry of the human face is considered that captures the true topology and the outlet characteristics of the exhaled air mixture. Numerous parameters are required to be considered to capture the out-coming mixture trajectory and to track its concentration evolution as it enters and entrains with the surrounding air. These parameters include the velocity of the exhaled air mixture, the extent of mouth opening, the distribution of the mixture fraction, and its mist content. A multi-species Eulerian flow with discrete phase Lagrangian particles is considered. The results include the spatial and temporal distributions of the species and their velocity contour plots. Specifically, the concentration of the exhaled species is captured both spatially and temporally at several hypothetical stations within the computational domain, and away from the source to substantiate/refute the current recommended social distance parameter.
The Canadian Beaufort Shelf trophic structure: evaluating an ecosystem modelling approach by comparison with observed stable isotopic structure
Authors: Hoover C. , Giraldo C. , Ehrman A. , Suchy K.D. , MacPhee S.A. , Brewster J. , Reist J.D. , Power M. , Swanson H. , Loseto L. 
Published: July 2021

Climate-driven impacts on marine trophic pathways worldwide are compounded by sea-ice loss at northern latitudes. For the Arctic, current information describing food-web linkages is fragmented, and there is a need for tools that can describe overarching trophic structure despite limited species-specific data. Here, we tested the ability of a mass-balanced ecosystem model (Ecopath with Ecosim, EwE) to reconstruct the trophic hierarchy of 31 groups, from primary producers to polar bears, in the Canadian Beaufort Sea continental shelf. Trophic level (TL) estimates from EwE were compared with those derived from two nitrogen stable isotope (SI) modelling approaches (SI linear and scaled) to assess EwE accuracy, using a data set of 642 δ15N observations across 282 taxa. TLs from EwE were strongly, positively related to those from both SI models (R2 > 0.80). EwE performed well (within 0.2 TL) for groups with relatively well-known diets or for taxa characterized by fewer trophic connections (e.g., primary consumers). Performance was worse (>0.5 TL) for species groups aggregated at coarse taxonomic levels, those with poorly documented diets, and for anadromous fishes. Comparisons with SI models suggested that the scaled approach can overestimate the TL of top predators if ecosystem-specific information is not considered.
Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Propensity Score–Matched Analysis From the Intermacs Registry
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Meyers Susan L. , Cantor Ryan S. , Starling Randall C. , Kirklin James K. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Kern John , Uchino Ken , Yarboro Leora T. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents remain common among patients with centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices, despite improvements in survival and device longevity. We compared the incidence of neurologic adverse events (NAEs) associated with 2 contemporary centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Abbott HeartMate3 (HM3) and the Medtronic HeartWare HVAD (HVAD).

Methods:
Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (Intermacs), we collected data on adult patients who received a centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device as a primary isolated implant between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019. Major NAEs were defined as transient ischemic attack, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident. The association of HVAD with risk of NAE in the first year after implant was evaluated using propensity score matching to balance for preimplant risk factors. After matching, freedom from first major NAE in the HM3 and HVAD cohorts was compared with Kaplan-Meier curves. A secondary analysis using multivariable multiphase hazard models was used to identify predictors of NAE, which uses a data-driven parametric fit of the early declining and constant phase hazards and the associations of risk factor with either phase.

Results:

Of 6205 included patients, 3129 (50.4%) received the HM3 and 3076 (49.6%) received the HVAD. Median follow-up was 9 and 12 months (HM3 and HVAD, respectively). Patients receiving HVAD had more major NAEs (16.4% versus 6.4%,
P
<0.001) as well as each subtype (transient ischemic attack: 3.3% versus 1.0%,
P
<0.001; ischemic cerebrovascular accident: 7.7% versus 3.4%,
P
<0.001; hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident: 7.2% versus 2.0%,
P
<0.001) than did patients receiving HM3. A propensity-matched cohort balanced for preimplant risk factors showed that HVAD was associated with higher probabilities of major NAEs (% freedom from NAE 82% versus 92%,
P
<0.001). Device type was not significantly associated with NAEs in the early hazard phase, but HVAD was associated with higher incidence of major NAEs during the constant hazard phase (hazard ratio, 5.71 [CI, 3.90–8.36]).

Conclusions:
HM3 is associated with lower hazard of major NAEs than is HVAD beyond the early postimplantation period and during the constant hazard phase. Defining the explanation for this observation will inform device selection for individual patients.
Introduction: Aspiration Burnout
Authors: Lee Pamela M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This introduction to the special thematic cluster on burnout describes how the notion has informed cultures of contemporary work during the pandemic and the ways in which the concept of burnout reproduces the intertwined interests of labor and self-management under conditions of neoliberalism. The essay sketches a brief genealogy of the term, starting with the formulation of neurasthenia that preceded it and proceeding to its first citation within medical literature by Herbert J. Freudenberger and then to its philosophical uptake in the writing of Byung-Chul Han. In addressing burnout's relationship to recent art, criticism, and histories of media, the introduction stresses its unequal impacts across disparate populations relative to class, race, and gender.