bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum angiopoietin-like 4 level in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Song Xiuyun 
Published: December 2024

Objectives Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the most common respiratory disease in preterm infants (PIs). The implication of Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) was reported in lung diseases. We delved into the role of serum ANGPTL4 in NRDS diagnosis/prognosis. Methods Totally 256 PIs were prospectively selected, including 128 NRDS infants and 128 non-NRDS PIs. NRDS infants were assigned into Survival and Death groups. ANGPTL4 level in PIs and its diagnostic and prognostic value for NRDS were separately assessed by ELISA and receiver operating characteristic curve. The independent risk factors (IRFs) for death in NRDS infants were analysed by multivariate logistic regression. Results NRDS infants exhibited reduced gestational age, birth weight, and 5 min Apgar score. ANGPTL4 level rose in NRDS infants, and increased with NRDS severity. Serum ANGPTL4 level was negatively correlated with 5 min Apgar score in NRDS infants. The area under the curve of serum ANGPTL4 for the diagnosis of NRDS was 0.902, with 88.28% sensitivity, 86.72% specificity, and 255.98 ng/mL cut-off value; the AUC for the diagnosis of severe NRDS was 0.741, with 66.67% sensitivity, 79.52% specificity, and 625.5 ng/mL cut-off value. Low gestational age, birth weight and 5 min Apgar score, severe NRDS, and elevated serum ANGPTL4 levels were IRFs for death in NRDS infants. NRDS infants with increased serum ANGPTL4 level displayed decreased survival rate and short survival time. Conclusions ANGPTL4 exhibited high diagnostic value and predictive value for death in NRDS, and it served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS.
Mental Health Literacy Among Female Community Health Workers: A Multi-setting Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Marthoenis Marthoenis , Fitryasari Rizki , Warsini Sri 
Published: December 2024

Background: Mental health literacy among lay community health workers (CHWs) is crucial to ensuring that mental health services are accessible to all. This research explores the mental health literacy of community health workers in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 454 female community health workers from various villages. Their understanding of mental illness was assessed through questionnaires, exploring their overall belief about the cause and consequence of mental illness, the symptom and the treatment of mental illness, and their perception of relapse. Results: Most participants have false beliefs about the causes and consequences of mental illness. For instance, the majority of respondents agreed that severe stress leads to mental illness (80%), while 60.4% believed personal weakness to be a cause. Cognitive impairments and brain disease were associated with mental illness by 67.2% and 57.3%, respectively, although only 32.6% attributed it to hereditary factors. Regarding treatment, 83.9% of respondents believed that consistent medication could fully cure mental disorders, while 81.1% associated mental illness with strange behavior. Additionally, 90.7% of respondents emphasized the importance of regular medication to prevent relapse, with 81.5% stating that lack of medication leads to relapse. Conclusion: A significant level of misinformation and misconception among participants regarding mental illness was unveiled. This misunderstanding can contribute to the stigmatization of individuals experiencing stress, as it may lead to unwarranted assumptions about their mental health. These findings underscore the importance of targeted mental health education campaigns to address misconceptions.
Predicting apheresis yield and factors affecting peripheral blood stem cell harvesting using a machine learning model
Authors: Qi Jing , Chen Yinchu , Jin Xiaoke , Wang Ran , Wang Nana , Yan Jiawei , Huang Chen , Huang Jun , Wei Yuanfeng , Xie Faqin , Yu Zhengzhi , Huang Dongping 
Published: December 2024

Objective Mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are time-intensive and costly. Excessive apheresis sessions can cause physical discomfort for donors and increase the costs associated with collection. Therefore, it is essential to identify key predictive factors for successful harvests to minimize the need for multiple apheresis procedures. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 88 PBSC donations at our hospital. Mobilization involved disease-specific chemotherapy plus human recombinant granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; lenograstim) or G-CSF alone for 5 days, followed by apheresis on day 5. The baseline characteristics of donors, pre-apheresis complete blood counts, and CD34+ cells were evaluated. Univariate logistic regression, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, and multivariate logistic regression were applied to select significant predictive variables. The multivariate logistic regression results were integrated into various machine learning models to assess predictive accuracy. Results The percentage of pre-collection monocytes (Mono%), age, and CD34+ cell percentage (CD34+ cell%) were identified as significant independent factors that could accurately predict the success of an initial PBSC harvest. Conclusions We used machine learning methods to identify and validate Mono%, age, and CD34+ cell% as significant factors predictive of successful PBSC harvest on the first attempt, offering important insight to guide the clinical harvesting of PBSCs.
PCB CT image element segmentation model based on boundary-attention-guided finetuning
Authors: Chen Chen , Qiao Kai , Yang Jie , Chen Jian , Yan Bin 
Published: December 2024

Background Computed Tomography (CT) technology is commonly used to realize non-destructive testing of Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and element segmentation is the key link in the process. Although the pretraining and finetuning paradigm alleviates the problem of labeling, PCB CT images are easily affected by uneven grayscale and layer penetration. This leads to difficult segmentation of boundaries and affect semantic understanding, resulting in jagged boundaries and even missing elements. Objective This paper aims to solve the problem of poor boundary segmentation in PCB CT image element segmentation. Methods To this end, we propose PCB CT image element segmentation model based on boundary-attention-guided finetuning. An improved boundary detection algorithm is proposed to enhance boundary sensing ability. In order to achieve non-fixed weight feature fusion, the Attention Feature Fusion module is designed to help boundary features better assist segmentation through attention mechanism. Results Experiments show that BAG-FTseg can achieve 89.5% mIoU on our PCB CT dataset, exceeding the baseline model by 0.9%, and the boundary-mIoU reaches 69.5%, 5.3% higher than the baseline model. Conclusion This method improves the accuracy of boundary segmentation of PCB elements and the efficiency of feature fusion through attention mechanism, which has practical significance.
Clinical and prognostic relevance of Mycoplasma felis PCR detection in feline lower respiratory tract disease
Authors: Robin Thibaud , Bigay Marie , Touzet Chloé , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Objectives The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare two groups of cats with lower respiratory tract disease, one with Mycoplasma felis detected by PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (M+) and the other without (M–), with regard to signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic results, treatment response and survival. Methods All cats for which M felis was investigated by PCR in BALF between 2016 and 2023 were included. Cats with evidence of oropharyngeal contamination, or for which PCR results were under the quantification level, or without follow-up information were excluded. Cats that had received antibiotics effective against M felis before BALF collection were excluded if PCR results were negative. Follow-up information was retrieved from the medical records and by contacting referring veterinarians and owners. Results A total of 55 cats were included (19 in the M+ group and 36 in the M– group). Significant differences were detected between the two groups in the prevalence of systemic signs (M+: 0%, M–: 28%; P = 0.01), bronchial collapse on bronchoscopy (M+: 28%, M–: 6%; P = 0.03), radiographic alveolar lesions (M+: 57%, M–: 24%; P = 0.04), and percentage of neutrophils (M+: 65%, M–: 35%; P = 0.002) and eosinophils (M+: 9%, M–: 25%; P = 0.03) in the BALF. Antibiotics were used more frequently in M+ cats (M+: 90%, M–: 42%; P = 0.001) than in M– cats. No significant difference was found in treatment response (short term: P = 0.94, long term: P = 0.28) and risk of death ( P = 0.42) between the two groups. Conclusions and relevance The presence of radiographic alveolar lesions and neutrophilia in BALF was significantly associated with the detection of M felis in BALF. This association might be causal, consequential or contextual (ie, sharing the same cause). The detection of M felis in BALF did not negatively impact prognosis but the necessity to treat M felis using targeted antibiotics remains to be determined.
Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel-Based PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dai Youran , Ruan Tianyin , Yang Wenhui , Liu Shan , Chen Jiahao , Fang Yingying , Li Qiushuang 
Published: December 2024

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a deadly subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Currently, programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have become the first choice for breast cancer immunotherapies. Despite paclitaxel being considered a cornerstone drug in breast cancer treatment, the effectiveness, safety, and optimal drug selection for its combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors remain uncertain. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis, performing a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database through May 18, 2024. Selected trials were those that assessed the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-based PD-1/PD-L1 therapies for the treatment of TNBC. The primary endpoint assessed was overall survival (OS), while secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), overall response rate (ORR), and Pathological complete response (pCR). This study is registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42023429651. Results: A total of 8 RCTs meeting our eligibility criteria were included, involving 4626 patients who received either Paclitaxel (Paclitaxel-placebo/chemotherapy) or a combination of durvalumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, toripalimab with paclitaxel. The pooled results demonstrated that Durvalumab combined with Paclitaxel significantly reduced the hazard ratio for OS (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA]: 91.05%) and PFS compared with Paclitaxel alone (SUCRA: 83.52%). Additionally, Durvalumab plus Paclitaxel significantly improved the ORR compared with Paclitaxel (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.10–5.20). For safety outcomes, Atezolizumab plus Paclitaxel showed a favorable profile in AEs, with no significant differences observed between groups. In the pCR study, Pembrolizumab plus Paclitaxel was the most effective treatment option (SUCRA: 81.85%). Conclusions: When combined with paclitaxel, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors exhibit a favorable survival benefit. The combination of Durvalumab and paclitaxel represents the optimal treatment option. In the future, attention should be paid to the TNBC subtypes and drug dosage, as these factors may help to design personalized TNBC treatment programs.
Effects of physical therapy via telerehabilitation on cardiopulmonary, physical and psychological function in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Suthanawarakul Benyada , Promma Noppawan , Iampinyo Pacharaporn , Saraboon Chanatsupang , Wattanaprateep Jatupat , Waongenngarm Pooriput 
Published: December 2024

Objectives To compare the effects of physical therapy via telerehabilitation on the improvement in cardiopulmonary function, physical factors and psychological factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups received online guidance and a leaflet on cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Additionally, participants in the intervention group received physical therapy training via video call, which included pulmonary training and various exercises. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, quality of life, functional capacity, cognitive function, lower body strength and endurance and psychological aspects (anxiety, depression and insomnia) were assessed. Results The physical therapy programme delivered via telerehabilitation significantly improved cardiopulmonary function in patients with COVID-19 at the 3-month follow-up compared with the control group. Additionally, the physical therapy programme had beneficial effects on functional capacity, depression symptoms and quality of life. Conclusion A physical therapy programme via telerehabilitation can be delivered to patients with COVID-19 in their own homes to improve cardiopulmonary function after 3 months of follow-up.
Association between migraine and mitochondria: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hong Ming-Yang , Chen Yu-Xin , Xiong Yi-Cheng , Sun Yi-Han , Al Mamun Abdullah , Xiao Jian 
Published: December 2024

Background and objective: Mitochondria are important organelles functioning in metabolic processes, inflammatory response and neurological disorders. Migraines are chronic and paroxysmal neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache and other neurological symptoms. We explored whether mitochondria may be genetically and/or causally associated with migraine. Methods: Summary-level statistics of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), 69 mitochondria related exposures and migraine with aura, migraine without aura, migraine with aura and triptan purchases, migraine with aura, drug-induced, migraine without aura and triptan purchases and migraine without aura, drug-induced, were collected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The analysis employed two-sample Mendelian randomization, utilizing various methods including MR-Egger, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-PRESSO (MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier), maximum likelihood, and weighted median. Results: We observed a potential association with decreased levels of mtDNA-CN with the risk of migraine without aura (Odds ratio (OR) 1.517, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.072–2.147, p = 0.019). Besides, for every 1 unit in NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5 (SIRT5), relative risk of migraine without aura increased by 16.4%. For every 1 unit increase in Phenylalanine–transfer RNA (tRNA) ligase, relative risk of migraine without aura increased by 13.5%. For every 1 unit increase in Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, relative risk of migraine without aura increased by 27.4%. Conclusion: This study indicates fresh evidence of association between mtDNA-CN, mitochondrial related exposures and migraine especially migraine without aura. The findings may shed light on developing interventions targeting on the causal pathway from mitochondria to migraine.
Effect of randomized treatment withdrawal of budesonide oral suspension on clinically relevant efficacy outcomes in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Dellon Evan S. , Collins Margaret H. , Katzka David A. , Mukkada Vincent A. , Falk Gary W. , Zhang Wenwen , Goodwin Bridgett , Terreri Brian , Boules Mena , Desai Nirav K. , Hirano Ikuo 
Published: December 2024

Background: Relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in eosinophilic esophagitis is not well understood. Objectives: Budesonide oral suspension (BOS) 2.0 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) was evaluated in two consecutive phase III studies (12 and 36 weeks, respectively). For clinicopathologic responders after 12 weeks of BOS treatment, we assessed randomized treatment withdrawal for up to 36 weeks of therapy. Design: Post hoc analysis of a phase III, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study. Methods: Clinicopathologic responders (⩽6 eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf) and ⩾30% reduction in Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) score from baseline) after 12 weeks of BOS were randomized to continue BOS 2.0 mg b.i.d. (BOS–BOS) or withdraw to placebo (PBO; BOS–PBO) for up to 36 weeks. Relapsers (⩾15 eos/hpf (⩾2 esophageal regions) and ⩾4 days of dysphagia (DSQ)) could reinitiate BOS 2.0 mg b.i.d. This post hoc analysis assessed a more clinically relevant relapse definition (⩾15 eos/hpf (⩾1 esophageal region) and ⩾4 days of dysphagia (DSQ)) for BOS–BOS versus BOS–PBO patients over 36 weeks. To account for BOS–PBO patients who reinitiated BOS before week 36, patients’ last observations before reinitiating BOS were carried forward (last observation carried forward (LOCF)) for histologic, symptom, and endoscopic efficacy endpoints (at weeks 12 and 36). Results: Of 48 patients included (BOS–BOS, n = 25; BOS–PBO, n = 23), significantly more BOS–PBO than BOS–BOS patients relapsed over 36 weeks using this post hoc relapse definition (60.9% vs 28.0%; p = 0.022). More BOS–BOS than BOS–PBO patients maintained histologic responses (all thresholds) and showed improvements in symptom and endoscopic efficacy endpoints. Conclusion: More BOS–PBO than BOS–BOS patients relapsed, determined by a more clinically relevant post hoc relapse definition. Using LOCF, more BOS–BOS than BOS–PBO patients also maintained or had improvements in efficacy endpoints. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ): NCT02605837, NCT02736409.
CD8+ cell dominance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis and its heterogeneity across endoscopic features
Authors: Kim Min Kyu , Son Hye-Nam , Hong Seung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong-Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Myung Seung-Jae , Yang Suk-Kyun , Yoon Shinkyo , Hwang Sung Wook 
Published: December 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced colitis is a significant adverse event associated with ICI therapy, known to be linked to increased cytotoxic T-cell activity. Objectives: To compare T-cell subsets based on the endoscopic features of ICI-induced colitis and to compare these findings with those of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We analyzed patients with ICI-induced colitis, confirmed through both endoscopic and histological evaluation. Biopsy specimens were examined using multiplex immunohistochemistry to assess their immune cell profile. Clinical outcomes were analyzed. Immune cell profiles were compared based on their endoscopic features and contrasted with those of patients with IBD. Results: Seventeen patients with ICI-induced colitis were included in the study. All patients showed clinical improvement after treatment, and steroids were administered to 11 patients (64.7%). Based on endoscopic features, the patients were classified as Crohn’s disease (CD)-like ( n = 3, 17.6%), ulcerative colitis (UC)-like ( n = 9, 52.9%), or microscopic colitis (MC)-like ( n = 5, 29.4%). In ICI-induced colitis, cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) were more predominant than helper T cells (Th cells) ( p = 0.053), and this trend was most pronounced in the MC-like subtype ( p = 0.020). When comparing the number of CD8+ cells infiltrating the crypts, both the UC-like and MC-like subtypes had significantly more infiltrating cells than the CD-like subtype ( p = 0.008 and p = 0.016, respectively). In comparison to IBD, IBD exhibited a Th-dominant profile, whereas CD-like ICI-induced colitis had a lower Th cell density than CD ( p = 0.032) and UC-like ICI-induced colitis had a higher Tc density than UC ( p = 0.045). Conclusion: Analysis of T-cell subsets of ICI-induced colitis revealed a Tc-dominant profile, contrasting with the Th dominance observed in patients with IBD. The Tc-dominant profile was evident in UC-like and MC-like subtypes, with significant crypt infiltration by CD8+ cells. Tc may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ICI-induced colitis.
Analysis of outcomes in resected early-stage NSCLC with rare targetable driver mutations
Authors: Ghazali Nadia , Feng Jamie , Hueniken Katrina , Khan Khaleeq , Balaratnam Karmugi , Waddell Thomas K. , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Pierre Andrew , Donahoe Laura , Wakeam Elliot , Cypel Marcelo , Yeung Jonathan , Keshavjee Shaf , de Perrot Marc , Leighl Natasha B. , Liu Geoffrey , Bradbury Penelope A. , Sacher Adrian , Eng Lawson , Stockley Tracy , Tsao Ming Sound , Shepherd Frances A. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Given advancements in adjuvant treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-targeted therapies, it is important to consider postoperative targeted therapies for other early-stage oncogene-addicted NSCLC. Exploring baseline outcomes for early-stage NSCLC with these rare mutations is crucial. Objectives: This study aims to assess relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with resected early-stage NSCLC with rare targetable driver mutations. Methods: This retrospective single-center study identified stage I–III NSCLC patients with rare targetable mutations who underwent curative surgery. Tissue-based molecular profiling identified mutations in KRASG12C, EGFR Exon20, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 ( ERBB2), ALK, ROS1, B-Raf proto-oncogene ( BRAF) V600E, mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor ( MET) exon14 skipping, and rearranged during transfection ( RET). Baseline patient and tumor characteristics, mutation subtype, and TP53 co-mutation were correlated with RFS and OS using Cox regression. The KRASG12C cohort was used as the reference for survival comparisons. Results: Among 225 patients, mutations included the following: KRASG12C ( n = 101, 45%), MET exon 14 skipping ( n = 26, 12%), EGFR Exon 20 ( n = 25, 11%), ERBB2 ( n = 25, 11%), ALK fusion ( n = 16, 7%), ROS1 fusion ( n = 14, 6%), BRAF V600E mutation ( n = 13, 6%), and RET fusion ( n = 5, 2%). Five-year survival probabilities were 76% for stage I, 60% for stage II, and 58% for stage III. RFS was shorter across most mutation subgroups compared to KRASG12C, with ROS1 mutations showing significantly poorer RFS (HR 2.70, p = 0.019). By contrast, all mutation subgroups were associated with better OS than KRASG12C. The incidence of brain metastasis was highest in ERBB2 (22% at 5 years). TP53 co-mutation was associated with significantly worse OS (HR 2.35, p = 0.008). Conclusion: While RFS was poorer for most mutations compared to KRASG12C, OS generally was better, suggesting a potential role for postoperative targeted therapies. These findings warrant further investigation through prospective studies and clinical trials to optimize adjuvant treatment strategies for patients with early-stage NSCLC harboring rare driver mutations.