bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time shifting deviation method enhanced laser interferometry: ultrahigh precision localizing of traffic vibration using an urban fiber link
Authors: Wang Guan , Pang Zhongwang , Zhang Bohan , Wang Fangmin , Chen Yufeng , Dai Hongfei , Wang Bo , Wang Lijun 
Published: December 2021

Using a fiber network as a huge sensing system will enrich monitoring methods of public infrastructures and geological disasters. With the traditional cross-correlation method, a laser interferometer has been used to detect and localize the vibration event. However, the random error induced by the cross-correlation method limits the localization accuracy and makes it not suitable for ultrahigh precision localizing applications. We propose a novel time shifting deviation (TSDEV) method, which has advantages over the cross-correlation method in practicability and localization accuracy. Three experiments are carried out to demonstrate the novelty of the TSDEV method. In a lab test, vibration localization accuracy of

∼
2.5

m

is realized. In field tests, TSDEV method enhanced interferometry is applied to monitor the urban fiber link. Traffic vibration events on the campus road and Beijing ring road have been precisely localized and analyzed, respectively. The proposed technique will extend the function of the existing urban fiber network, and better serve the future smart city.
All-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locking lasers with large modal dispersion
Authors: Zhang Huaiwei , Zhang Yunhong , Peng Jiying , Su Xinyang , Xiao Xiaosheng , Xu Dongjian , Chen Junhao , Sun Tianran , Zheng Kai , Yao Jianquan , Zheng Yi 
Published: December 2021

It is a challenging problem to balance the modal walk-off (modal dispersion) between multiple transverse modes and chromatic dispersion in long step-index multimode fibers (MMFs). By properly designing the oscillator, we have overcome the difficulty and successfully obtained an all-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locked laser based on step-index MMFs with large modal dispersion for the first time, to our knowledge. Various proofs of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) such as spatial, spectral, and temporal properties, are measured and characterized. This laser works at a fundamental frequency of 28.7 MHz, and achieves a pulse laser with single pulse energy of 8 nJ, pulse width of 20.1 ps, and signal-to-noise ratio of

∼
70

dB

. In addition, we observe a dynamic evolution of the transverse mode energy during the STML establishment process that has never been reported before.
Ultra-power-efficient heterogeneous III–V/Si MOSCAP (de-)interleavers for DWDM optical links
Authors: Cheung Stanley , Kurczveil Geza , Hu Yingtao , Fu Mingye , Yuan Yuan , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: December 2021

We discuss the design and demonstration of various III–V/Si asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) and ring-assisted AMZI (de-)interleavers operating at O-band wavelengths with 65 GHz channel spacing. The wafer-bonded III–V/Si metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) structure facilitates ultra-low-power phase tuning on a heterogeneous platform that allows for complete monolithic transceiver photonic integration. The second- and third-order MOSCAP AMZI (de-)interleavers exhibit cross-talk (XT) levels down to

−
22

dB and

−
32

dB

with tuning powers of 83.0 nW and 53.0 nW, respectively. The one-, two-, and three-ring-assisted MOSCAP AMZI (de-)interleavers have XT levels down to

−
27

dB,

−
22

dB, and

−
20

dB

for tuning powers of 10.0 nW, 7220.0 nW, and 33.6 nW, respectively. The leakage current density is measured to be in the range of

1.6
–
27

μA
/

cm

2

. To the best of our knowledge, we have demonstrated for the first time, athermal III–V/Si MOSCAP (de-)interleavers with the lowest XT and reconfiguration power consumption on a silicon platform.
Non-synaptic interactions between olfactory receptor neurons, a possible key feature of odor processing in flies
Authors: Pannunzi Mario , Nowotny Thomas 
Published: December 2021

When flies explore their environment, they encounter odors in complex, highly intermittent plumes. To navigate a plume and, for example, find food, they must solve several challenges, including reliably identifying mixtures of odorants and their intensities, and discriminating odorant mixtures emanating from a single source from odorants emitted from separate sources and just mixing in the air. Lateral inhibition in the antennal lobe is commonly understood to help solving these challenges. With a computational model of the Drosophila olfactory system, we analyze the utility of an alternative mechanism for solving them: Non-synaptic (“ephaptic”) interactions (NSIs) between olfactory receptor neurons that are stereotypically co-housed in the same sensilla.
We find that NSIs improve mixture ratio detection and plume structure sensing and do so more efficiently than the traditionally considered mechanism of lateral inhibition in the antennal lobe. The best performance is achieved when both mechanisms work in synergy. However, we also found that NSIs decrease the dynamic range of co-housed ORNs, especially when they have similar sensitivity to an odorant. These results shed light, from a functional perspective, on the role of NSIs, which are normally avoided between neurons, for instance by myelination.
Analyses of blood donor samples from eight provinces in Lao PDR suggest considerable variation concerning HBV exposure and carriage
Authors: Nouanthong Phonethipsavanh , Hefele Lisa , Keokhamphue Jerapha , Sorrasin Vonhphet , Khounvisith Vilaysone , Souksakhone Chanthala , Jutavijittum Prapan , Muller Claude P. , Black Antony P. , Hübschen Judith M. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Hepatitis B is endemic in Lao PDR and about 9% of the adult population is chronically infected. In this study, we investigated regional, occupational, age and sex-related differences in hepatitis B epidemiology in Lao blood donors.

Methods
5017 voluntary blood donors from 8 different provinces were tested for hepatitis B markers by ELISA. Predictors for the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against the core antigen (anti-HBc) were assessed by bivariate and multivariable analyses.

Results
In total, 41% of the participants were positive for anti-HBc; the HBsAg prevalence was estimated at 6.9% among all participants (9.2% among first-time donors and 3.9% among repeat donors). Among first-time donors, HBsAg positivity was associated independently with being male (p<0.001), being from the North (p<0.001) and being soldier (p<0.001). Participants were more likely to be anti-HBc positive when they were male (p<0.001), from the Northern provinces (p<0.001) and older than 20 years (p<0.01).

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study confirmed an overall high HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence in Lao PDR, albeit with considerable regional variation. The identification of a sizeable number of HBsAg positives among repeat donors warrants a thorough investigation of current blood screening, record keeping, donor identification and counselling practises.
The association between Helicobacter pylori with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by controlled attenuation parameter and other metabolic factors
Authors: Han Yoo Min , Lee Jooyoung , Choi Ji Min , Kwak Min-Sun , Yang Jong In , Chung Su Jin , Yim Jeong Yoon , Chung Goh Eun 
Published: December 2021

Aim
Existing studies have suggested an association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the relationship between Hp infection and NAFLD using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and other metabolic factors.

Method
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of apparently healthy individuals who underwent liver Fibroscan during health screening tests between January 2018 and December 2018. Diagnosis of Hp infection was based on a serum anti-Hp IgG antibody test and CAP values were used to diagnose NAFLD.

Results
Among the 1,784 subjects (mean age 55.3 years, 83.1% male), 708 (39.7%) subjects showed positive results of Hp serology. In the multivariate analysis, obesity (body mass index ≥25) (odds ratio [OR] 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.75–4.29), triglyceride (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.80–2.97), and the highest tertile of liver stiffness measurement (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.59–2.71) were found to be associated with NAFLD, defined by CAP ≥248 dB/m, while Hp-seropositivity showed no association with NAFLD. Serum levels of HDL cholesterol significantly decreased in subjects with Hp-seropositivity compared to HP-seronegativity in both groups with and without NAFLD (P<0.001).

Conclusion
While Hp seropositivity was not associated with CAP-defined NAFLD, serum HDL cholesterol level were negatively associated with Hp-seropositivity in both groups with and without NAFLD. Further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to determine the association between Hp infection and NAFLD.
Regionalism and Regional Politics of African States (on the Example of the Countries of the East African Community)
Authors: Filippov V.R. 
Published: December 2021

The subject of the study was the East African Commonwealth, an economic association that currently unites Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Southern Sudan. Particular attention is paid to the integration processes in Africa in the post-colonial period, the doctrine of federalism in the political discourse of African countries, the causes of the crisis and the dissolution of the EAC in the seventies of the last century, as well as the economic and political reasons for reintegration of YOU. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the EAC from an economic alliance to a political one and the prospect of forming a federative state on the basis of the SAC.
The author identifies the factors that led to the economic consolidation of the EAC, as well as those determinants of development of the commonwealth, which make it extremely difficult to form a unified federal state in East Africa.
It is concluded that the further regionalization of the African continent and the realization of the federal project in East Africa will be hindered by such factors as the high level of conflict in the EAC member countries, tribalism, cultural, confessional and linguistic heterogeneity, and the ambition of leaders and political elites.
EFECTO DE UN SURFACTANTE NO IONICO EN LA PERMEABILIDAD DE BUTORFANOL A TRAVES DE MUCOSA NASAL EQUINA
Authors: Velloso M I 
Published: December 2021

Implementation of intranasal administration for the delivery of drugs with site of action into the central nervous system, such as butorphanol, became a potential choice in equine medicine. In this study, using Franz-diffusion cells the in vitro permeation rate through respiratory and olfactory equine nasal mucosa of two butorphanol formulations was estimated and compared. Both formulations had the same composition, was the exception for formulation 2, that contained 2, 5 x 10 -4 M of a non-ionic surfactant (tween 80). Butorphanol administered dose was 24, 4 mg/cm2. Plots of the cumulative amounts of butorphanol against time were constructed, where maximum flux values at the steady state (Jss), apparent permeability coefficients (Kp) and lag-time (tlag) were estimated. The Jss and Kp show that permeation of butorphanol through olfactory mucosa is different than respiratory mucosa. Moreover, Jss for formulation 2 was higher than formulation 1 in both anatomical areas, probably for the effect of the surfactant. The present results are promising to carry on with the development of formulation of butorphanol for intranasal administration.
Does Immigration Depreciate Residential Land Prices? Case of Tokyo
Authors: Tomohara Akinori 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of immigration on residential land prices in urban Tokyo. A rapid increase in immigrants in Tokyo raises the concern that immigration may depreciate land prices because of the negative image emerging from the perception that some immigrants might create disharmony in society. However, our analysis denies this possibility; for every 1% increase in immigrant ratio (i.e., the proportion of immigrants in the total population), the residential land prices increase by 12%. Although the literature explains that a negative immigration effect occurs when the analysis uses small geographic units, the results suggest that even a positive effect can occur under small geographic units. The implications of the current results are complicated. While the concern of immigration-induced land price depreciation is unfounded, this raises another concern—that of asset inequality between land owners and tenants.
Sex-Specific Regulation of β-Secretase: A Novel Estrogen Response Element (ERE)-Dependent Mechanism in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cui Jie , Ait-Ghezala Ghania , Sambamurti Kumar , Gao Feng , Shen Yong , Li Rena 
Published: December 2021

Women have a higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than age-matched men, and loss of estrogen might be partially responsible for the higher risk of AD in aged women. While β-secretase (BACE1) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, whether BACE1 involved the sex difference in AD pathology remains unclear. This study investigated the hypothesis that estrogen regulates BACE1 transcription via the estrogen response element (ERE) and designated pathways. Using estrogen receptor (ER) knock-out mice and mutagenesis of EREs in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated sex-specific inhibition of BACE1 transcription by estrogen via direct binding to ERE sites and ERα. We also used a repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA) and showed that an REA–ERE complex downregulated BACE1. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay analysis determined that all three EREs at the BACE1 promoter were required for estradiol-mediated downregulation of BACE1 transcription in mice. Last, we confirmed the impairment of the REA pathway in the cortex of female AD patients. Our study identified an estrogen-specific BACE1 transcriptional regulation pathway from cell and animal models to AD patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWith the increase in the aging population and Alzheimer's disease worldwide, an urgent need to find effective approaches to treat or prevent AD. Women have a higher prevalence and incidence of AD than men. Identification of the sex-specific risk for AD may be valuable for disease prevention. This study evaluated several estrogen response element (ERE) sites on the promoter of β-secretase (BACE1), a key enzyme for AD pathology. We demonstrated that estrogen downregulated BACE1 transcription through direct binding and complex formation with ERE and cofactors. Our novel findings provide evidence that an estrogen supplement may decrease the risk of AD in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the “sex-specific” mechanisms of BACE1 as a role in AD pathogenesis.
Characterization of biofilm producing methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci from India
Authors: Suneel Kumar A. , Smiline Girija A.S. , Naga Srilatha B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMethicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) cause infectious diseases due to their potential to form biofilm and further colonization in hospital materials. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptible phenotypes, biofilm-producing ability, and biofilm-associated genes (mecA, icaAD,bap,cna, andfnbA). Biofilm formation was detected through Congo red agar (CRA) method and MTP method. The presence of biofilm and associated genes in MR-CoNSwere detected by PCR. A total of 310 (55.95%) isolates produced the biofilm. Among these isolates,Staphylococcus haemolyticus(34.83%),Staphylococcus epidermis(31.93%),Staphylococcus capitis(16.77%),Staphylococcus cohnii(10.96%), andStaphylococcus hominis(5.48%) were identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS isolates indicated resistance to cefoxitin (100%), erythromycin (94.8%), ciprofloxacin (66.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (66.7%), gentamicin (66.12%), and clindamycin (62.9%). Resistance rate to mupirocin was 48.5% inS.epidermidisand 38.9% inS. haemolyticusisolates. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.The prevalence rates oficaAD, bap, fnbA, andcnawere 18.06%, 12.5%, 47.4%, and 27.4%, respectively.icaAD andbapgenes were detected in 18.06% and 12.5% of MR-CoNS isolates.fnbA andcnagenes were detected in 47.41% and 27.41% of MRCoNS isolates. icaAD positive strains exhibited a significant increase in the biofilm formation compared with those that lackedicaAD (0.86 (0.42, 1.39) versus 0.36 (0.14, 0.75), respectively;P< 0.001).In conclusion, the majority of MR-CoNS isolates were biofilm producers, andS.capitis, which possessedicaADgenes, ranked as the great biofilm producer than otherStaphylococcus. The study’s findings are important to form a strategy to control biofilm formation as an alternative strategy to counter the spread of MR-CoNS in healthcare settings.
Controlling of payload swinging of an overhead crane
Authors: Hmoumen Marouane , Szabó Tamàs 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new two-level hierarchical approach to control the trolley position and payload swinging of an overhead crane is proposed. At the first level, a simple mathematical pendulum model is investigated considering the time delay due to the use of a vision system. In the second level, a chain model is developed, extending the previous pendulum model considering the vibration of the suspending chain. The relative displacement of the payload is measured with a vision sensor, and the rest of the state-space variables are determined by a collocated observer. The gain parameters related to the state variables of the chain vibration are determined by the use of a pole placement method. The proposed controller is verified by numerical simulation and experimentally on a laboratory test bench.
Effect of addition of Tunisian Zizyphus lotus L. Fruits on nutritional and sensory qualities of cookies
Authors: Zarroug Youkabed , Sriti Jazia , Sfayhi Dorra , Slimi Bechir , Allouch Wafa , Zayani Kamel , Hammami Khaoula , Sowalhia Maryam , Kharrat Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Zizyphus lotus, which belongs to Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used to formulate many healthy food products. The aim of this work was to formulate new functional cookies enriched with different amounts of Zizyphus lotus powder (ZLP; 15%, 30%, 45% and 100%). The chemical properties of ZLP were also determined. The formulated cookies were evaluated for their physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. Results revealed that ZLP contained various bioactive components, fatty acids, and antioxidants. ZLP-added cookies demonstrated higher phytochemical and antioxidant activities than control cookies prepared without ZLP. The activity of ZLP cookies was enhanced with increase of ZLP level. Hardness and fracturability (brittleness) of cookies increased with increasing amount of ZLP. Results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds in formulated cookies. All cookie samples were generally accepted, but the panelists indicated a higher preference for cookies containing 15% ZLP.
Las potencialidades bioenergéticas del Arundo donax L. en Argentina
Authors: Nogar Ada Graciela , Rodríguez Luis Damián , Bongiorno Carlos -Vicente , Santalla Estela Mercedes 
Published: December 2021

Las iniciativas que estimulan el aprovechamiento de recursos renovables para sustituir fuentes fósiles en pos de la transición energética ganan visibilidad en un contexto de calentamiento global, principal desafío ambiental planetario. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las barreras y las oportunidades de generar bioenergía térmica a partir de la caña de Castilla (Arundo donax L.) como recurso para diversificar la matriz. Se aplicó un enfoque integral técnico para evaluar las potencialidades energéticas del Arundo donax L., planta herbácea de origen asiático, considerada una especie de buen rendimiento de biomasa por hectárea. Aplicando diseños en bloques al azar y técnicas estandarizadas, se realizaron ensayos agronómicos en el SE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se obtuvieron rendimientos entre 5 y 11 t/ha, superiores a mayor densidad de plantación. Las características tecnológicas de la biomasa mostraron un contenido promedio de celulosa de 53 % y un poder calorífico superior entre 4000 y 4500 kcal/kg, lo que confirma su potencial como cultivo energético. Los resultados sobre la producción y el uso de la biomasa demostraron que se dispone de las capacidades tecnológicas para su explotación, sin impactar en los suelos y aprovechando su potencialidad como recurso energético renovable. Se reflexiona acerca de la cadena de valorización de la especie que permita promover procesos de localización de proyectos que activen complementariedades entre territorios singulares.

Abstract
Initiatives that stimulate the use of renewable resources to replace fossil sources in pursuit of the energy transition gain visibility in the context of global warming, the main planetary environmental challenge. In the study, a comprehensive technical approach was applied to evaluate the energy potential of Giant reed (Arundo donax L.), a herbaceous plant of Asian origin, considered a species of good biomass yield per hectare. From randomized block designs and standardized techniques, agronomic trials were carried out in the SE of the Province of Buenos Aires, obtaining yields between 5 and 11 t/ha, higher at higher planting density. The technological characteristics of the biomass showed an average cellulose content of 53 % and a higher calorific value between 4000 and 4500 kcal/kg, confirming its potential as an energy crop. The results on the production and use of the biomass demonstrated the availability of technological capacities for its exploitation without impacting soils and taking advantage of its potential as a renewable energy resource. Thus, we reflect on the value chain of the species that allows promoting localization processes of projects that activate complementarities between singular territories.
Method for assessing the sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite allergens effectiveness in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Korostovtsev D. S. , Trusova O. V. , Kamaev A. V. 
Published: December 2021

Background. For practical health care, tools for assessing the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy have not been developed.
Aim. Approbation of the system for evaluating the effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite allergens in patients with bronchial asthma with allergic rhinitis.
Materials and methods. 28 cases of sublingual immunotherapy treatment in patients aged 5 to 13 years, (8,6 [6,7; 11,6]) with control in pairs-copies matched by age, sex, and asthma severity were analyzed. Thus, the study included 56 patients. Patients in the control group did not receive sublingual immunotherapy. For 1 year before the start of treatment, and for the first year of treatment, the complex of clinical signs of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, the need for basic and emergency therapy was assessed. The scores were calculated for symptoms, for drugs, and a total Score of symptoms and drugs.
Results. During 1 year of therapy, patients showed dynamics of the total Score from 23,32 1,21 points to 16,21 1,77 in the main group, and from 23,99 1,2 points to 20.92 2.09 in control group (p = 0.028). The greatest difference was found within medication domain.
Conclusion. The developed system for assessing the symptoms and the need for medications makes it possible to show the difference between groups of patients, in favor of the sublingual immunotherapy group. For 1 year of sublingual immunotherapy therapy, a difference in the total Score dynamics and the domain of drugs was revealed between the groups. The proposed assessment system is recommended for further investigation.