bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches based on new dual principle
Authors: Barabanova E A , Vytovtov K A , Vishnevsky V M , Podlazov V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper the new dual principle of designing high-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches is presented for the first time. The new type of switches with decentralized control based on the dual principle has been developed for the first time too. In accordance with the scheme topology this type of switching system was called as the quasi-complete dual switch. It also is analysed the optical signals minimal transmission time that provide the non-blocking property of the new schemes. For the circuit and link complexity calculations the accurate analytical expressions are obtained for the first time. The numerical investigation shows that the proposed schemes significantly benefit in comparison with the well-known switches, for example, the crossbar and Clos schemes. The results of comparing of the dual switch and other types of self-routing switches throughput show an obvious advantage of the proposed scheme. It also is shown that the offered switch type can be considered as a perspective for high-capacity strictly non-blocking optical systems. Indeed, the strictly non-blocking property, the scalability, high throughput, and the decentralized control are the main advantages of offered switches.
Measuring the Continuity of a Gas-Liquid Flow in a Pipeline
Authors: Akhobadze G N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The principles of building a meter for the continuity of gas-liquid flows in pipelines have been proposed, based on the polarized electromagnetic wave characteristics. A two-component flow in a pipeline has been analyzed considering the cross-sectional area of the flow in the pipeline. The judgment about the flow continuity by the phase difference between the electromagnetic fields polarized parallel and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction has been justified. The naturally and artificially anisotropic flow continuity measuring study results are given. A polarization technique of electromagnetic wave birefringence in the isotropic medium has been considered, based on placing an isotropic medium in an electric field formed by two capacitor electrodes. The possibility of eliminating the parameter measuring errors induced by temperature impact on the electromagnetic wave refractive index in controlled media is shown based on two electrodes of a capacitor creating an electric field in the dielectric pipeline measuring section as an option for implementing flat reflectors of an open resonator. The study results can be used in the instrument-making industry in the development and implementation of smart contactless measuring instruments in the gas-liquid flow analysis and control.
Application of the digital image correlation method for diagnosing the condition of railway parts
Authors: Sharikova M O , Yu Poroykov A , Yu Marchenkov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the main factors contributing to accidents in railway transport are fatigue fractures of rails, wheel axles and other critical parts of the rolling stock. Despite the widespread use of various physical control methods (eddy current, ultrasonic, magnetic), the causes of accidents are, as a rule, missing defects in the structural elements of the car bogie. The paper considers the application of the digital image correlation method to measure the spatial distribution of deformations. The results of laboratory tests of railway parts using this method are presented. The possibility of visualizing fatigue cracks in the test specimens is demonstrated. The results can be in demand both by scientific research organizations of the railway industry when solving expert problems, and by production and repair enterprises when carrying out regular diagnostic procedures.
Increase of the Informative Value of Magnetic Nondestructive Testing Using Vibration Induction Transducer on the Basis of Spectral Analysis
Authors: Nikolaev Yu L , Shkatov P N , Chernova A V , Akhmetshina E F , Samorukov A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ways of increasing the information content of magnetic flaw detection based on spectral analysis when registering magnetic fluxes of leakage from defects by a vibration induction probe (VIP) are considered. It is shown that the VIP signals, caused by the normal and tangential components of the strength of the magnetic scattering fluxes, are linearly independent, and the corresponding harmonic components of the spectra of these signals are weakly dependent on the noise component and carry information about the coordinates and parameters of the defect.
Crystallization Double-Layer Magneto-Active Films for Magnetophotonics
Authors: Mikhailova T V , Vysokikh Yu E , Shaposhnikov A N , Berzhansky V N , Krasnoborodko S Yu , Bulatov M F , Churikov D V , Karavainikov A , Belotelov V I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magneto-optics, magnetophotonics and magnetoplasmonics stay at the edge of scientific interests last years due to their unique features to manage the light and electromagnet field. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) is one of most promising magneto-optical material for these applications in order to its high efficiency in visible and infrared spectra. The possibility to integrate Bi:IG films to silicon semiconductor process leads to creation nanoscale hight performance magneto-optical devices. Bi:IG structures of different composition might be deposited by vacuum deposition on different substrates. The investigation of crystallization process of Bi:IG double-layer films at a different process parameter on gadolinium gallium garnet and fused quartz substrates allowing to determine dependences and suggestions for integration Bi:IG to semiconductor process or multicomponent optical nanostructures.
Dynamic strain measurement of propeller shaft vibrations
Authors: Kushner G A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes an approach to the registration of vibrations parameters to increase the reliability and predict the durability of technical systems with a continuously rotating shaft. For systems with stochastic loads, such as a ship’s shaft line, the actual measurement of shaft stresses and deformations is an actual way to prevent failures and non-destructive testing under operating conditions. The adaptation of the dynamic strain measurement method made it possible to develop a software and hardware complex for recording and analysing transverse, torsional and longitudinal vibrations of shafts. The design of a hardware complex consisting of a measuring mobile and stator modules connected by a wireless network that allows dynamic strain measurement is proposed. The connection diagram and the main metrological and technical characteristics of the modules are given. To test the operability of the hardware complex, an experimental installation was built that allows carrying out investigation of the shaft line vibrations in real operation conditions. Experimental data are presented, the analysis of which allows us to predict the durability of the system.
Advantages of graphene technologies in the design of antenna systems for the Internet of Things in the decimeter range of cellular operators (LTE, GSM, 5G)
Authors: Cherevko A G , Morgachev Y V 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe characteristics and resistance to external influences of flexible graphene antennas are considered. In particular, the analysis of the influence of single and cyclic bends at different cycle times is carried out. Resistance to water of such antennas is analysed. The results of characteristics comparison of the literature data with the results obtained by the authors are presented. The design of a flexible graphene eco-friendly two-layer antenna on a paper substrate operating in the LTE frequency range has been proposed. The technology discussed in this report will help fill the gap in the literature in eco-friendly double-sided graphene printing technologies. The literature review shows that the development of graphene inks for printing on flexible substrates has made a breakthrough in the development of flexible electronics due to their unique advantages. The influence of edge effects on the change in the graphene surface resistance at the edges of the manufactured sample is estimated.
Selection of window functions for predicting the frequency pattern of vibrations of the technological process using an artificial neural network
Authors: Trufanov N N , Churikov D V , Kravchenko O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The frequency pattern of the process is investigated by analyzing spectrograms constructed using the window Fourier transform. A set of window functions consists of a rectangular, membership, and windows based on atomic functions. The fulfillment of the condition for improving the time localization and energy concentration in the central part of the window allows one to select a window function. The resulting spectrograms are fed to the input of an artificial neural network to obtain a forecast. Varying the shape of the window functions allows us to analyze the proposed spectrogram prediction model.
Numerical simulation of a multi-beam cylindrical antenna in the GSM-900 frequency range
Authors: Balzovsky E V , Buyanov Yu I , Churikova T I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of numerical simulation of a linearly polarized cylindrical multi-beam antenna with six ports are presented. The frequency dependence of the port coupling coefficient is considered when one antenna port is excited. The characteristics of the antenna directivity in the frequency domain are given.
Investigation of the peculiarities of lattice structures forming in films magnetic fluid for various intensities of the orienting magnetic field
Authors: Yurchenko V , Zyatkov D , Cherepanov V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The processes of ordering and structuring of particles in a magnetic fluid (MF) arise in three cases: interactions of magnetic particles, internal forces of liquid and an external magnetic field of constant or variable magnitude. Processes of magnetic particles ordering in a magnetic fluid by interaction an external field are considered, and threshold of occurrence of a periodic lattice from particles with different size is established.
Improvement of the all-weather profiler
Authors: Zhukov V Y , Rostokin I N , Shchukin G G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article considers the issues of improving the quality of vertical wind profile measurements. In order to make these measurements under any meteorological conditions, data from profilometers operating in different wave ranges, from optical to centimetre, are combined. At the same time, the resolving power of the latter is considerably inferior to that of the former. We propose a way to improve the quality of measurements in the radio band by applying a new method of information processing, using estimates of the width of the spectrum and the peculiarities of their spatial distribution.
Numerical modeling of anisotropic properties of a solid by particle dynamics method
Authors: Sukhanov D Ya , Kuzovova A E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A method is proposed for the numerical simulation of acoustic processes in solids based on the particle dynamics approach for describing the anisotropic properties of a solid. It is proposed to consider a solid body in the form of an array of particles located in a cubic body-centered crystal lattice. To set the anisotropic properties of a solid, it is proposed to use its own proportionality force to shift coefficient for each direction. Based on the results of numerical simulation, the dependence of the longitudinal wave velocity on the direction is shown.
Spatiotemporal structure of the electromagnetic field in a forest environment at nanosecond location
Authors: Dorzhiev B Ch , Ochirov O N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of measurements of the spatio-temporal distribution of direct and reflected signal levels inside a pine forest are presented. Circular diagrams are built on the basis of which it is possible to assess the levels of direct and reflected signals at a bistatic nanosecond location. The obtained diagrams a give spatial picture of the total energy of the electromagnetic field in the forest environment.
Galvanic pH sensor for continuous monitoring of soil parameters in agriculture
Authors: Yuzhakov M S , Filchenko D I , Badin A V , Berzin A K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses trends in agriculture development in digitalization direction, substantiates need for monitoring pH level throughout year. The main solutions existing on market at moment are given, as well as need to develop a pH sensor for USKD-Agro hardware and software complex. The article discusses in detail the ongoing physical and chemical processes, on them basis pH level is determined, circuitry solutions used, as well as pH sensor implementation. The article describes the sensor calibration process, methodology and test results.
Refraction of electromagnetic waves in pseudo-passive media
Authors: Fisanov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of reflection and refraction of a plane monochromatic wave is considered in the most general formulation for a flat interface of two isotropic pseudo-passive media using the vector covariant approach of F.I. Fedorov. The generalized Fresnel coefficients for the perpendicular and parallel polarizations turn out to be complex values, except for cases when the phase difference of the permeabilities of the two media is zero or 180 degrees. The critical Brewster angles also turn out to be complex quantities. The phenomenon of total reflection, in contrast to passive transparent media, is not realized in pseudo-passive media. The energy coefficients of reflection and transmission are calculated and analyzed. Restrictions imposed on the values of the material parameters of the problem are indicated, which should be taken into account when studying refractive wave phenomena involving pseudo-passive metamaterials.
Investigation of the parameters of the reflected wave near the Brewster angle
Authors: Krylov V P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In free space, the relative permittivity is determined by the Brewster formula without taking into account dielectric and magnetic losses. In experimental studies, discrepancies in the angular position of the minimum of the reflected wave from dielectric materials are observed in comparison with calculations, which are known as deviations from Fresnel’s laws. By solving the task of inclined falling wave on an plate made of a dielectric material with complex of the dielectric and magnetic permittivity, the parameters of the reflected wave were calculated, according to which the angles corresponding to the minimum reflection were determined, depending on the dielectric losses of the material. From the condition that the reflected wave is equal to zero, a formula for determining the Brewster angle for a material with dielectric and magnetic losses was analytically obtained, the results of calculations for which coincided with the calculations for the reflected wave in the context of geometric optics. It is determined that in the general case, the conditions for determining the position of the minimum of the complex amplitude and the phase jump by 180° of electromagnetic waves do not coincide and can be found only when solving the task an falling wave on a plate with complex electrodynamic parameters of the material in the context of geometric optics.
Radio imaging using Doppler sensors
Authors: Satarov R N , Yu Kyzmenko I , Shipilov S E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article shows the multi-angle single-frequency probing of the object with the tactical antenna array, which we install and moves on a two-coordinate scanner. For testing the possibility of using this approach, we made statistical studies. Presented radio images show that using the scanner makes possible to detect metal and dielectric objects. Achieved resolution sufficient to identify forbidden items
Questions of application of fiber-optic sensors for monitoring crack growth during rock deformations
Authors: Yugay V V , Sh Madi P , Ozhigina S B , Gorokhov D A , Alkina A D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper considers ways to solve the problem of developing a system for monitoring displacement in quarries, which are the main main cause of the collapse of boards and berms in quarries. To ensure safety and constant monitoring during work at the quarry, there are chiseled fiber-optic sensors. The fiber-optic sensor is made on the basis of a single-mode optical fiber, which makes it possible to measure the displacements of the mountain range at distances of about 30 km with high accuracy. Laboratory sample a fiber-optic sensor in its work uses a method for monitoring additional losses that occur during mechanical action on an optical fiber. The fiber-optic sensor was made to show a fairly high linearity and accuracy during measurements and can be used to control the deformation of the array after appropriate refinement of its design. This article is aimed at creating means of controlling the process of deformation and displacement of a mountain massif. Ultimately, the results of the study will help prevent accidents associated with the collapse of the sides. Since the growth of cracks in the rocks of the bort mountain massif leads to its sudden collapse and creates a significant danger for personnel, it also causes the failure of mining equipment.
Influence of durative drainage melioration on the soil macrofauna (The Leningrad region)
Authors: Aparin B , Pyatina E , Kasatkina G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The soil-zoological research took place in 2018 on the territory of the soil-hydromeliorative station “Malinovsky” of Lisinsky educational-experimental forest farm (Tosnensky district, Leningrad region, Russia) which was drained in 1973-1974. The purpose of this research is a comparative evaluation of the density of the population and taxonometric variety of eco-functional groups of macrofauna on the Gleysols Histic Drainic after 45 year draining period and the similar biotop without drainage. The constitution of group and species and the trophic structure of soil macrofauna have been researched. 118 individuals of geobionts out of 3 types and 6 classes have been collected. It’s been stated that zoophages are the trophic dominating group. After 45 year draining period a poor groups and species constitution, a low number of large soil invertebrates and a small share of saprophages have survived which corresponds to the fauna of the soil in oligotrophic bogs.
Effects of wildfire on the water chemistry of the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)
Authors: Kharanzhevskaya Yu A , Sinyutkina A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of wildfire in 2016 on the water chemistry of the northeastern drained part of the Great Vasyugan Mire. The influence of the pyrogenic factor on the water chemistry of the Great Vasyugan Mire was marked by an increase in concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fetotal, SO4
2–, HCO3
–, NO–
3, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. The maximum concentrations were observed in the spring (April) during the snow melting period, as well as during the rewetting period after the summer drought. In 2018–2019, there was a decrease in the concentration of the components in the waters after the fire in 2016 (SO4
2–, HCO3
–, NO–
3, Pb, Cd, Zn). An increase in the content of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH+
4, and Cu was noted, which is associated with the intensification of the processes of mineralisation of plant residues in the upper burnt peat layers.
Geotechnical properties of yellow silty sand soil modified by bio-stimulation with presence of NiCl2
Authors: Qu Jili , Cheng Jinrui , Wang Junfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is now widely tried to improve the quality of mostly sandy soil due to its application prospect to sustainability, environment-friendly and cost-efficiency. The present study is aiming to evaluate the feasibility of bio-stimulation, one of MICP techniques, for strengthening the engineering quality of Shanghai silty sand soil, a special type of soil located in low hillside of west Shanghai, as well as the influence of two factors: CaCl2 as a cementing material and NiCl2 as a co-factor, which was rarely researched before and can be viewed as the influence of urease activity on bio-stimulation result. The direct shear test, unconfined compressive test, supersonic wave test and calcite mass test have been carried out to evaluate engineering performance of yellow silty sand soil enhanced by bio-stimulation method as well as their relationship with concentration of CaCl2 and NiCl2 solutions. The result shows that bio-stimulation method can significantly promote the characteristics of Shanghai yellow silty sand soil and there seems to be extreme point for concentration of CaCl2 and NiCl2 solution in improving the quality of Shanghai yellow silty sand. Microstructure and composition of treated soil by bio-stimulation method have also been analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), with giving the corresponding micro-mechanism of bio-cementation among soil particles.
Investigation of dielectric heating method of zinc-containing materials for chlorides removal
Authors: Ryazanov A G , Mikhailov G G , Khmeleva O V , Savina Y D , Galimov D M , Senin A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The technological development of the world community makes it necessary to resolve the issues of the produced industrial residues utilization. Worn-out galvanized metal cars, ceilings and other metal structures require orderly utilization. Utilization of galvanized scrap may be carried out in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) to obtain intermediate steel and EAF dust. Electric Arc Furnaces dus contains zinc, so it is used as a secondary raw material for the production of metallic zinc. Waelz oxides are formed in Waelz kilns, after the primary processing of EAF dust. Waelz oxide contains halides that must be removed first. Halides may be removed by heating to temperatures of about 1000°C. Dielectric (microwave) heating is a promising and environmentally friendly method for material processing. Microwave heating is carried out without burning natural gas, which leads to decrease of waste gases volume. The work experimentally confirmed the possibility of zinc-containing materials heating at electromagnetic emission exposure. The duration of products heating up to the temperature of 1000°C was 128 - 188 s. The residual content of chloride ions in the calcined products is less than 0.05 wt%.