bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Institutional Habitus to Position Colleges and Universities as Social Actors
Authors: byrd derria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this article, derria byrd contends that more robust interrogation of the organizational contribution to inequity in higher education would be aided by understanding higher education organizations as social actors. Organizational social actor theory demonstrates that colleges and universities are more than inert contexts in which marginalized students' experiences and outcomes play out. They are entities that possess unique dispositional orientations, motives, and inclinations toward action. This conceptual article argues that engagement with institutional habitus, grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, situates colleges and universities as social actors whose structural positions generate interests, beliefs, and behaviors that tend to constrain opportunity for students. The concept shifts the empirical gaze from students to colleges and universities in examinations of education inequity and facilitates analysis of how colleges' social position and the organizational identity, opportunities, and limitations it engenders support and/or inhibit organizational practice, including transformation toward equity. byrd crafts this argument in five parts: (1) exploration of organizational social actorhood theory, (2) overview of Bourdieu's theoretical framework and key conceptual tools, (3) expansions on Bourdieu's foundational formula to demonstrate how institutional habitus supplements the theorist's framework, (4) purposeful engagement with critiques of how institutional habitus has been employed in educational research, and (5) guiding principles for empirical engagement with institutional habitus. Throughout, byrd employs a collective case study of three college campuses to ground the theoretical review in empirical realities and uncover the invisible influence of social power on organizational practice. Given Bourdieu's attention to higher education and broad concern for systemic inequities reproduced at this level, this article focuses on higher education but has implications for educational research more broadly.
Understanding antipredator strategies of insects: Human presence and escape behaviour in Odonata
Authors: Mikula Peter , Czechowski Paweł , Dubicka‐Czechowska Alicja , Jerzak Leszek , Menzel Annette , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Insects, like many organisms, face widespread human‐driven habitat transformations which are major threats to biodiversity. However, at the same time, transformed areas including cities are increasingly being colonised by wildlife, sometimes serving as important refuges for vulnerable species. Most studies on traits that enable insects to thrive in urban environments have focused on morphology, physiology, and feeding or reproductive strategies, often overlooking behavioural traits, despite evidence from vertebrates showing that tolerance towards humans is key for wildlife to successfully colonise cities.
In this study, we tested the effects of urbanisation, along with a range of life‐history, environmental and contextual traits, on tolerance towards humans—measured by flight initiation distance—in 14 Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) species in western Poland. We found that escape distances were moderately repeatable within species. Urbanisation had a generally weak effect on Odonata escape behaviour; however, odonates delayed their escape at sites with high human presence.
We also found that escape distances tended to increase with the observer’ starting distance and species‐specific body size and decrease with perch height. Additionally, male odonates were more likely to escape earlier than females.
These results suggest that odonates can sense levels of anthropogenic disturbance and adjust their escape behaviour accordingly. Furthermore, our findings indicate that some basic patterns and principles commonly reported in vertebrates, such as the ability to tolerate human presence and the effect of starting distance and body mass, may also apply to invertebrates. This may have important implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of antipredator strategies in insects and their conservation.
Clinical Management of Persistent Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Helbig Grzegorz , Czachor Kacper 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBlood eosinophilia remains a common finding in the general population, whereas hypereosinophilia (HE) is extremely rare. Different non‐hematologic and hematologic disorders may be accompanied by blood eosinophilia. Clinical manifestations of eosinophilia‐related disorders range from mild to life‐threatening. Given the various symptoms, a comprehensive approach and close multidisciplinary cooperation are strongly recommended. Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) encompass a complex group of disorders defined as persistent peripheral blood HE ≥ 1500/mm3 and end‐organ damage. An initial step in a diagnostic algorithm of HE includes the evaluation of secondary, potentially easy‐to‐treat causes. This HES variant is called reactive and often remains beyond the interest of hematologists. The further evaluation for primary causes of HE relies on a combination of different specialized tests, which are mostly available in hematologic centers and include most of all morphologic assessments of peripheral blood and bone marrow, cytogenetics, and molecular studies. Using these sophisticated methods, one can diagnose the specific HES subtypes based on genetic findings and categorize them according to currently applicable classifications. The choice of therapy differs between HES variants, ranging from corticosteroids and anti‐interleukin‐5 monoclonal antibodies for not‐molecularly defined variants to oral molecules directed against molecular targets. This review presents eosinophilia‐related disorders from a hematologic perspective.
Post‐Larval Processes Reduce the Diversity of Coral Reef Fish Communities
Authors: Lazarus Mai , Kimmerling Naama , Gurevich Tamara , Kiflawi Moshe , Connolly Sean R. , Holzman Roi , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe difficulties in obtaining species‐level abundance estimates of marine larvae have hindered comparisons of diversity across life stages, severely limiting our knowledge of how adult diversity is maintained. To explore factors shaping diversity across life stages, we surveyed adult coral reef fishes, compiled data on their ecological and life history traits and paired these with a unique dataset of species‐level larval abundances. Relative larval abundance was more even compared to adults and matched random expectations, whereas the adult community was markedly uneven and less functionally diverse, suggesting species filtering effects. While adult abundance was positively linked to larval abundance, species size and diet altered this association, with larger and non‐planktivorous adults being less abundant than expected from their larval supply. Our results illustrate that while larval supply is important in determining adult taxonomic and functional diversity, post‐larval processes increase the numerical dominance of particular species, thus reducing overall diversity.
Local Adaptation Is Highest in Populations With Stable Long‐Term Growth
Authors: Carley Lauren N. , Geber Monica A. , Morris William F. , Eckhart Vincent M. , Moeller David A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTheory suggests that the drivers of demographic variation and local adaptation are shared and may feedback on one other. Despite some evidence for these links in controlled settings, the relationship between local adaptation and demography remains largely unexplored in natural conditions. Using 10 years of demographic data and two reciprocal transplant experiments, we tested predictions about the relationship between the magnitude of local adaptation and demographic variation (population growth rates and their elasticities to vital rates) across 10 populations of a well‐studied annual plant. In both years, we found a strong unimodal relationship between mean home‐away local adaptation and stochastic population growth rates. Other predicted links were either weakly or not supported by our data. Our results suggest that declining and rapidly growing populations exhibit reduced local adaptation, potentially due to maladaptation and relaxed selection, respectively.
Defensive Symbiont Genotype Distributions Are Linked to Parasitoid Attack Networks
Authors: Wu Taoping , Rodrigues Anoushka A. , Fayle Tom M. , Henry Lee M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFacultative symbionts are widespread in arthropods and can provide important services such as protection from natural enemies. Yet what shapes associations with defensive symbionts in nature remains unclear. Two hypotheses suggest that interactions with either antagonists or host plants explain the prevalence of symbionts through shared selective pressures or vectors of symbiont transmission. Here we investigate the factors determining similarities in the Hamiltonella defensa symbiosis shared amongst field‐collected aphid species. After accounting for host species relatedness, we find that Hamiltonella's genotype distribution aligns with sharing the same parasitoids, rather than host plants, highlighting parasitoids and hosts as key selective agents shaping the symbiosis across aphid species. Our data indicates parasitoid host specificity drives the prevalence of specific aphid‐Hamiltonella associations, suggesting defensive symbioses are maintained by the selective pressure imposed by dominant parasitoids and their aphid hosts. These findings underscore the importance of interactions with natural enemies in explaining patterns of defensive symbiosis in nature.
Cognitive and brain health in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: Role of social determinants of health
Authors: Struck Aaron F. , Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Prabhakaran Vivek , Nair Veena , Adluru Nagesh , Adluru Anusha , Almane Dace , Jones Jana E. , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a prevalent genetic generalized epilepsy with linked abnormalities in cognition, behavior, and brain structure. Well recognized is the potential for advancing understanding of the epigenetic contributions to the neurobehavioral complications of JME, but to date there has been no examination of the role of socioeconomic disadvantage in regard to the cognitive and brain health of JME, which is the focus of this investigation.MethodsSeventy‐seven patients with JME and 44 unrelated controls underwent neuropsychological assessment, structural neuroimaging, and clinical interview to delineate epilepsy history and aspects of family status. The Area Deprivation Index characterized the presence and degree of neighborhood disadvantage, which was examined in relation to cognitive factor scores underlying a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, academic metrics, integrity of brain structure, and family characteristics.ResultsJME participants resided in neighborhoods associated with significantly more socioeconomic disadvantage, which was associated with significantly poorer performance across all three cognitive factor scores and reading fluency. JME was associated with significant reduction of total subcortical gray matter (GM) but not total cortical gray or white matter volumes. Among controls, participants residing in more advantaged areas exhibited increased volumes of total subcortical GM and diverse subcortical structures as well as areas of increased cortical thickness and volume in frontal/prefrontal regions, findings that were compromised or not evident in JME, raising the possibility of disease‐related attenuation of socioeconomic advantage.SignificanceSocioeconomic disadvantage in JME is associated with adverse effects on cognitive and academic status, whereas socioeconomic advantage in controls is associated with increased brain volumes and thickness, markers of brain health that were largely attenuated or absent in JME. The associations detected here argue for the need to better integrate the social determinants of health with genetic and epigenetic factors in advancing understanding of cognitive and brain health in JME.
Differential functional connectivity of amygdala in drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Aung Thandar , Tang Lilly W. , Ho Jonathan , Henry Luke C. , Ikegaya Naoki , Modo Michel , Gonzalez Martinez Jorge 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies highlight the amygdala's crucial role in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), particularly in magnetic resonance imaging‐negative cases and new TLE subtypes with structural amygdala changes. This study aims to investigate the electrophysiological properties and connectivity patterns of the amygdaloid complex in TLE patients using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).MethodsFrom March 2020 to December 2023, we collected data from nine patients with drug‐resistant TLE who underwent SEEG with dual amygdala trajectories: dorsal amygdala (DA) targeting medial and central nuclei, and ventral amygdala (VA) targeting basal and lateral nuclei. We analyzed interictal and ictal activities, focusing on power spectral density, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and coherence between DA and VA regions and ipsilateral regions of the temporal–limbic network, including the hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and ventral insula.ResultsIEDs were significantly higher in the DA, particularly in patients with epileptogenic zones involving the amygdala. We identified frequency‐dependent connectivity patterns between DA and VA with ipsilateral cortical areas of interest during ictal activity. The VA exhibited higher connectivity with the limbic network in a greater number of seizures, particularly with the hippocampal head, entorhinal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and temporal pole in delta and theta frequencies. In contrast, DA connectivity was mainly confined to the hippocampus in theta and high‐gamma frequency ranges.SignificanceOur findings reveal distinct functional connectivity patterns and potentially divergent roles of DA and VA in TLE. These insights could refine intracranial sampling protocols of the amygdaloid complex, guiding more precise strategies for resection and neuromodulation in TLE patients.
Tuning in to Kids Together: Piloting an Emotion‐Focused Coparenting Program
Authors: Ambrosi Christina C. , Kavanagh Phillip S. , Evans Subhadra , Havighurst Sophie S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGroup parenting programs, including emotion‐focused programs, are effective at improving children's emotional and behavioral adjustment; however, the impact of these programs may be limited due to parents, typically mothers, attending sessions alone. It is expected that actively involving both caregivers in parenting programs will lead to superior outcomes given family systems are interconnected and when parents feel more supported by one another, they are more likely to have greater emotional availability for their children. Tuning in to Kids Together (TIK‐Together) was developed to involve both caregivers and address the coparenting relationship. The current study examined the feasibility and pilot testing of TIK‐Together when delivered in a real‐world context, specifically assessing program adherence, reliability of measures, and program outcomes. TIK‐Together was delivered to 57 participants (27 mother–father dyads, 1 triad) by community services in Australia in an intervention‐only design. Facilitators completed attendance sheets and fidelity checklists after each session, and parents completed online questionnaires at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and 6‐month follow‐up. Adherence across services varied; however, parent attendance and the proportion of content delivered was high. The measures used to assess coparent outcomes demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency in the current sample. After attending the program, parents reported increased supportive/cooperative coparenting of children's emotions, greater dyadic coping, improved emotion coaching beliefs and practices, reduced undermining coparenting of children's emotions, lower emotion dismissing beliefs and practices, and less parent emotion dysregulation. Mothers and fathers reported improved child emotion regulation and decreased behavioral difficulties. The findings are consistent with prior TIK research and pave the way for future research exploring the benefits of integrating coparenting content into this parenting intervention.
Macrophyte Restoration Promotes Lake Microbial Carbon Pump to Enhance Aquatic Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Chen He , Xing Peng , Kao Shuhji , An Shilin , Mao Zhendu , Fan Shiming , Li Biao , Yan Qingyun , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMacrophyte‐based lake restoration has successfully transitioned lakes from turbid conditions dominated by phytoplankton to a more natural, clear state; however, its impact on microbial carbon pump‐mediated dissolved organic carbon (DOM) storage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the aquatic ecosystem remains largely unexplored. Through a year‐long field study, we conducted a comparative analysis of two alternative habitats within the same lake—restored and unrestored areas. Results demonstrated that restoration not only substantially decreases nutrient levels and algal blooms—evidenced by over 50% reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus, and chlorophyll a—but also significantly increases the accumulation of recalcitrant DOM. This is characterized by rises of 9.52% in highly unsaturated compounds, 8.68% in carboxyl‐rich alicyclic molecules, 37.54% polycyclic condensed aromatics and polyphenols, and 20.21% in SUVA254. Additionallly, key microbial taxa with potent carbon pump functions—primarily Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria—are enriched in restored areas. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further elucidated the complex interrelationships within more pristine lake ecosystems: macrophytes and elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations enhance carbon sequestration via microbial carbon pump pathways, while the restoration significantly mitigates methane emissions caused by eutrophication. These findings highlight an extra function of aquatic macrophyte restoration, offering valuable insights into microbial processes for future restoration efforts aimed at promoting sustainable aquatic ecosystems and mitigating global warming.
Challenging Paradigms Around the Role of Colony Size, Taxa, and Environment on Bleaching Susceptibility
Authors: Mariana Álvarez‐Noriega , Eoghan Aston , Madison Becker , Katharina E Fabricius , Will F Figueira , Sophie Gordon , Ryan Krensel , Marine AA Lechene , Tiny Remmers , Maren Toor , Renata Ferrari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how bleaching severity varies across space and among and within taxa helps predict changes in community composition due to climate change and informs conservation efforts. Photogrammetry offers a non‐invasive and time effective method for quantifying attributes of thousands of coral colonies across large, environmentally diverse reef areas. This approach circumvents the limitations of traditional survey methods, where detailed tracking of individual colonies comes at the expense of large sampling areas and sample sizes. Using photogrammetry, we measured colony size and scored bleaching severity of > 5000 colonies of 13 taxa across 26 sites (> 7400 m2 of reef) during a mild bleaching event in the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in 2022. We quantified the relationship between bleaching severity and key biological and environmental factors: colony size, taxonomic identity, degree‐heating weeks (DHWs), water velocity, various measures of reef structural complexity, depth, and distance to coast. Our results show that bleaching probability decreased with increasing colony size for most taxa, contradicting the current understanding of size‐dependent bleaching. Counter to conventional thinking, tabular Acropora spp. presented very low levels of bleaching in 2022 despite being among the most severely bleached taxa during the bleaching event in 1998, suggesting possible adaptation in the last two decades. Our results show a high level of idiosyncrasy in environmental gradients of bleaching severity. For instance, the effect of depth on was taxon‐dependent and the effect of wave velocity differed between inshore and offshore reefs. Our results challenge prevailing paradigms around the role of colony size and environment in regulating bleaching susceptibility, suggesting that refugia are not universal but instead depend on specific environment‐taxonomic combinations and taxon‐specific colony sizes.
A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Ecological Novelty
Authors: Staples Timothy L. , Blois Jessica , Cramer Katie L. , Cunningham Emer T. , Dornelas Maria , Haberle Simon G. , Heger Tina , Kiessling Wolfgang , Magurran Anne E. , O'Dea Aaron , Penny Amelia M. , Radeloff Volker C. , Smith Jansen A. , Thuiller Wilfried , Williams John W. , Pandolfi John M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman pressures are driving the emergence of unprecedented, ‘novel’, ecological and environmental systems. The concept of novel (eco)systems is well accepted by the scientific community, but the use and measurement of novelty has outgrown initial definitions and critiques. There are still unresolved methodological and conceptual differences in quantifying novelty that prevent a unified research approach.FrameworkHere we present a conceptual framework and guidelines to unify past and future measurement of ecological novelty. Under this framework, novelty is a property of an ecological or environmental entity of interest. Novelty is quantified as the comparison between the target entity and a reference set, measured as the summary of degrees of difference across one or more dimensions. Choices in these components, particularly the reference set, can change resulting novelty measurements and inferences.ShowcaseWe provide a case‐study to showcase our framework, measuring pre‐ and post‐European novelty in 99 pollen assemblages in Midwest USA forests. We paired this quantitative exploration with a five‐step process designed to improve the utility and outcomes of novelty analyses.ConclusionsQuantitative novelty has immense value in studies of abrupt ecological change, linking climatic and ecological change, biotic interactions and invasions, species range shifts and fundamental theories. Our framework offers a unified overview and is also primed for integration into management and restoration workflows, providing consistent and robust measurements of novelty to support decision making, priority setting and resource allocation.