bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdiagnostic Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale (BFSC) for Youth With Chronic Conditions
Authors: von Rezori Roman , Buchallik Friederike , Warschburger Petra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of the 10-item Benefit Finding Scale (BFSC) in a transdiagnostic sample of German youth facing chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21 years). Exploratory factor analysis with a first subsample revealed a one-dimensional factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis with a second subsample verified the one-dimensionality with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = .87 – .88). Benefit finding (BF) was positively correlated with age, disease severity, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and health-related quality of life. Sex differences in BF were not consistent across subsamples. BF was negatively associated with social status. The BFSC is a psychometrically sound and transdiagnostic instrument to assess BF in youth and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in response to chronic conditions.
Correlation between weather conditions and COVID-19 pandemic in the southeast area of Iran
Authors: Parvaz Najmeh , Amin Fatemeh , Nadimi Ali Esmaeili , Eslami Hadi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has influenced the live of all people around the world. This study analyzed the relationship between the weather elements (daily temperature, wind speed and humidity) and daily active, recovered and dead cases of covid-19 in Rafsanjan, in the southeast area of Iran. Covid-19 data and meteorological variables were obtained from 29 February 2020 to 20 March 2021 (386 days) from Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and Meteorological Organization of Iran, respectively. The results showed that there is a significant inverse association between daily average temperature with the number of daily active cases (r: -0.293, p<0.01), recovered cases (r: -0.301, p<0.01) and dead cases (r: -0.198, p<0.01). With decreasing the average wind speed, the number of daily active cases (r: -0.224, p<0.01), recovered cases (r: -0.232, p<0.01) and dead cases has been increased. A nonsignificant positive correlation between daily humidity average and daily active cases (r:0.033, p=0.518) and recovered cases (r:0.044, p=0.390), and significant positive correlation with the number of daily dead cases (r: 0.254, p<0.01) was observed. Therefore, temperature and wind speed can be considered as affective factors in COVID-19 as an auxiliary solution.
Same or Different? Perceptual Learning for Connected Speech Induced by Brief and Longer Experiences
Authors: Banai Karen , Karawani Hanin , Lavie Limor , Lavner Yizhar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Perceptual learning, defined as long-lasting changes in the ability to extract information from the environment, occurs following either brief exposure or prolonged practice. Whether these two types of experience yield qualitatively distinct patterns of learning is not clear. We used a time-compressed speech task to assess perceptual learning following either rapid exposure or additional training. We report that both experiences yielded robust and long-lasting learning. Individual differences in rapid learning explained unique variance in performance in independent speech tasks (natural-fast speech and speech-in-noise) with no additional contribution for training-induced learning (Experiment 1). Finally, it seems that similar factors influence the specificity of the two types of learning (Experiment 1 and 2). We suggest that rapid learning is key for understanding the role of perceptual learning in speech recognition under adverse conditions while longer learning could serve to strengthen and stabilize learning.
A Decentralized Framework for Patents and Intellectual Property as NFT in Blockchain Networks
Authors: Bamakan Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini , Nezhadsistani Nasim , Bodaghi Omid , Qu Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the explosive development of decentralized finance (DeFi), we witness a phenomenal growth in tokenization of all kinds of assets, including equity, funds, debt, and real estate. By taking advantage of blockchain technology, digital assets are broadly grouped into fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFT). Here non-fungible tokens refer to those with unique and non-substitutable properties. Although the application of NFT is currently limited to digital fantasy artwork, games, collectible, etc., due to its unique capabilities, protocols, and platforms, they could be utilized in more practical issues. The main objective of this paper is to examine the requirements of presenting intellectual property assets, specifically patents, as NFTs. Hence, we offer a layered conceptual NFT-based patent framework with a comprehensive discussion on each layer, including storage, decentralized authentication, decentralized verification, Blockchain, and application layer. Furthermore, a series of open challenges about NFT-based patents and the possible future directions are highlighted. The proposed framework provides fundamental elements and guidance for businesses in taking advantage of NFTs in real-world problems such as grant patents, funding, biotechnology, event ticketing, and so forth.
Regional Heterogeneity and an Unexpectedly High Abundance of Cooperia Punctata in Beef Cattle at Northern Latitude Were Revealed by ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding
Authors: De Seram Eranga Lakshitha , Redman Elizabeth Mary , Wills Felicity Kaye , de Queiroz Camila , Campbell John Ross , Waldner Cheryl Lynne , Parker Sarah Elizabeth , Avramenko Russell William , Gilleard John Stuart , Uehlinger Fabienne Dominique 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe species composition of cattle gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) communities can vary greatly between regions. Despite this, there is remarkably little large-scale surveillance data for cattle GIN species which is due, at least in part, to a lack of scalable diagnostic tools. This lack of regional GIN species-level data represents a major knowledge gap for evidence-based parasite management and assessing the status and impact of factors such as climate change and anthelmintic drug resistance. MethodsThis paper presents a large-scale survey of GIN in beef herds across western Canada using ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding. Individual fecal samples were collected from 6–20 randomly selected heifers (n = 1665) from each of 85 herds between September 2016 and February 2017 and 10–25 first season calves (n = 824) from each of 42 herds between November 2016 and February 2017. ResultsGastrointestinal nematode communities in heifers and calves were similar in Alberta and Saskatchewan, with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora being the predominant GIN species in all herds consistent with previous studies. However, in Manitoba, Cooperia punctata was the most predominant species overall and the most abundant GIN species in calves from 4/8 beef herds. ConclusionsThis study revealed a marked regional heterogenicity of GIN species in grazing beef herds in western Canada. The predominance of C. punctata in Manitoba is unexpected as although this parasite is often the most predominant cattle GIN species in more southerly latitudes, it is generally only a minor component of cattle GIN communities in northern temperate regions. We hypothesize that the unexpected predominance of C. punctata at such a northerly latitude represents a range expansion, likely associated with changes in climate, anthelmintic use, management, and/or animal movement. Whatever the cause, these results are of practical concern since C. punctata is more pathogenic than C. oncophora, the Cooperia species that typically predominates in cooler temperate regions. Finally, this study illustrates the value of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding as a surveillance tool for ruminant GIN parasites.
Oxygen Nanocarrier Broke the Hypoxia Trap of Solid Tumors and Rescued Transfection Efficiency for Gene Therapy
Authors: Qin Bing , Jiang Mengshi , Li Xiang , Shi Yingying , Zhang Junlei , Luo Zhenyu , Luo Lihua , Lu Yichao , Liu Xu , Wang Sijie , Du Yongzhong , You Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Gene therapy shows great promise for a broad array of diseases. However, we found that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) exerted significant inhibitory effects on transfection efficiency of a variety of gene vectors (such as Lipo 2000 and PEI) in an oxygen-dependent manner. Solid tumors inevitably resulted in acute hypoxic areas due to the rapid proliferation of tumor cells and the aberrant structure of blood vessels. Thus, the hypoxic TME severely limited the efficiency and application of gene therapy. Methods: In our previous study, we constructed endoplasmic reticulum-targeted cationic liposomes, PAR-Lipo, which could effectively deliver genes and ensure high transfection efficiency under normoxia. Unsatisfactorily, the transfection efficiency of PAR-Lipo was rather poor under hypoxia. We believed that reoxygenation was the most direct and effective means to rescue the low transfection under hypoxia. Hence, we fabricated liposomes modified with perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB@Lipo) to load oxygen and deliver it to tumor sites, which effectively alleviated the hypoxic nature of tumor. Then PAR-Lipo were applied to mediate high-efficiency delivery of tumor suppressor gene pTP53 to inhibit tumor progression. Results: The results showed that such staged strategy augmented the expression of P53 protein in tumors and extremely suppressed tumor growth. Conclusion:This work was the first attempt to utilize an oxygen nanocarrier to assist the therapeutic effect of gene therapy under hypoxia, providing a new reference for gene therapy in malignant tumors.
Cost and Cost-effectiveness of eLearning Interventions for Healthcare Workers in Low- and Middle-income Countries: a Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gwala Nonjabulo , Dlungwane Thembelihle Patricia , Nkambule Sphamandla , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, the shift from traditional face-to-face teaching methods to eLearning methods has shown to improve professional training, particularly for the health workers in achieving necessary specialised worker training. However, there is a insufficient evidence on the costs and cost-effectiveness of designing and deploying eLearning interventions for healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsThe study protocol was developed and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions will be used to guide the conduct of the proposed systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic literature searches will be conducted using the EBSCOhost platform ( Academic Search Complete, ERIC, health source: nursing/academic edition, MEDLINE with Full Text, OpenDissertations), Google Scholar, and the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed and ProQuest databases, evaluating the cost and cost-effectiveness of e-learning interventions for healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries. The searches will be open to peer-reviewed articles published in all languages and no restriction in publication year. We will further evaluate the cost-effectiveness by determining heterogeneity in the content, if feasible we will do a meta-analysis using Meta- Easy Excel software tools. We will use OR and 95% CIs as measures of effect for dichotomous outcomes. As for continuous outcomes, we will use standardised mean differences and 95% CIs. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence across outcomes. PRISMA-P will be used to report the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis.DiscussionThis systematic review target to deliver complete evidence of cost and the cost-effectiveness of eLearning interventions for healthcare worker training. The study will be disseminated through the publication of the manuscript and policy brief in an appropriate journal and shared with the relevant stakeholders through conference presentations, discussions and seminars.Protocol registrationPROSPERO ID: 271180
Lansoprazole-Induced Osteoporosis via IP3R and SOCE Mediated Calcium Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cheng Zi-Ping , Liu Jie-Yang , Ma Meng-Yuan , Sun Shi-Yu , Ma Zeng-qing , Wang Yu , Yu Li-Yuan , Qian Xu-Ping , Sun Lu-Ning , Zhang Xue-Hui , Liu Yun , Wang Yong-Qing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Many clinical studies have shown a correlation between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and osteoporosis or fractures. The purposes of this study were to establish a murine model of chronic oral administration of PPIs to verify whether PPIs caused bone metabolic impairment, and to investigate the relevant molecular mechanism underlying the effects of PPIs on MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts.Methods: Lansoprazole-induced bone loss model was employed to investigate the damage effects of PPIs. In vivo, immunohistochemistry and HE staining, micro-CT analysis, blood biochemical tests were used to evaluate the effect of lansoprazole on bone injury in mice. In vitro, the effects and related signaling pathway of lansoprazole on MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated by CCK8, EDU kit, flow cytometry, laser confocal, patch clamp, PCR and Western blotting, etc.Results: After 6 months of lansoprazole gavage in ICR mice, micro-CT results showed that compared with the vehicle group, the bone mineral density (BMD) of high-dose group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the bone microarchitecture gradually degraded. Biochemical assay of bone serum found that blood calcium and phosphorus were both decreased (P<0.01). We found that long-term administration of lansoprazole impairs skeletal function in mice. In vitro, we found that lansoprazole (LPZ) could cause calcium overload in MC3T3-E1 cells leading to apoptosis, and 2-APB, an inhibitor of IP3R calcium release channel and SOC pathway, efctively blocked calcium increase caused by LPZ, thus protecting cell viability.Conclusion: Long-term administration of LPZ induced osteoporotic symptoms in mice, and LPZ triggered calcium elevation in osteoblasts in a concentration dependent manner, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+] persisted at a high concentration thereby causing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inducing osteoblasts apoptosis.
Loss of LKB1-NUAK1 Signalling Enhances NF-κB Activity in a Spheroid Model of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Buensuceso Adrian , Fritz Jamie Lee , Collins Olga , Valdes Yudith Ramos , DiMattia Gabriel E. , Shepherd Trevor G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although most HGSOC patients respond initially to debulking surgery combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy, many ultimately relapse with platinum-resistant disease. Thus, improving outcomes requires new ways of limiting metastasis and eradicating residual disease. We identified previously that Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and its substrate NUAK1 are implicated in EOC spheroid cell viability and are required for efficient metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. Here, we sought to identify additional signalling pathways altered in EOC cells due to LKB1 or NUAK1 loss-of-function. Transcriptome analysis revealed that inflammatory signalling mediated by NF-κB transcription factors is hyperactive due to LKB1-NUAK1 loss in HGSOC cells and spheroids. Upregulated NF-κB signalling due to NUAK1 loss suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and sustains cell survival in spheroids. NF-κB signalling is also activated in HGSOC precursor fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell spheroids, and is further enhanced by NUAK1 loss. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of OVCAR8 xenograft tumors lacking NUAK1 displayed increased RelB expression and nuclear staining. Our results support the idea that NUAK1 and NF-κB signalling pathways together regulate ROS and inflammatory signalling, supporting cell survival during each step of HGSOC pathogenesis. We propose that their combined inhibition may be efficacious as a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced HGSOC.
The Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment Mapping in MSI-H/MMR-D Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Guo Yu-e , Liu Yin , Luo Heng , Zhang Wei , Shu Ping , Chen Guofang , Li Yuping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Endometrial cancer had a relatively high prevalence of MMR deficiency. MMR-D/MSI-H endometrial cancer patients are suggested to be potential beneficiaries of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Here, we explored the prognostic value of MSI subtype in endometrial cancer and its correlation with immune environment. Based on expression and clinical data of 78 POLE, 123 MSI and 299 Other EC samples from the TCGA-UCEC project, we found that the MSI tumors were identified more often in early stage, had a lower age, better patient survival, enriched CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells and less M2 macrophages and activated dendritic cells than the Other subgroup, and shared a relatively similar expression profile with POLE subgroup by differential analysis. In addition, we established the immune landscape of an MMR-D endometrial cancer tissue using unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analysis of 4518 cells. By immunohistochemistry analysis, we found that the MMR-D tumors showed a higher trend of CD20+ B cells infiltration. Our study might expand our understanding of the role of immune subsets in MSI endometrial carcinomas and provide guidance of immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.
WITHDRAWN: Particle Nature of Photons, Normal Diffraction Pattern and Curved Diffraction Pattern Emerging in Same Experiment --- Double-Slit Experiment Still Has Much to Offer
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman’s mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr’s complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model. The double-slit experiment still has much to offer.
Noble Metal Alloy Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition &amp; Rapid Joule Heating
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zou Yiming , Cheng Chunyu , Wang Leyan , Made Riko I , Goei Ronn , Tan Kwan Wee , Li Shuzhou , Tok Alfred 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Metal alloys are usually fabricated by melting constituent metals together or sintering metal alloy particles made by high energy ball milling (mechanical alloying). All these methods only allow for bulk alloys to be formed. This manuscript details a new method of fabricating Rhodium/Iridium (Rh/Ir) metal alloy films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and rapid Joule heating induced alloying that gives functional thin film alloys, enabling conformal thin films with high aspect ratios on 3D nanostructured substrate. In this work, ALD was used to deposit Rh thin film on an Al2O3 substrate, followed by an Ir overlayer on top of the Rh film. The multilayered structure was then alloyed / sintered using rapid Joule heating. We can precisely control the thickness of the resultant alloy films down to the atomic scale. The Rh@Ir alloy thin films were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study their microstructural characteristics. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were also carried out to confirm the composition and formation of Rh-Ir thin film alloys. All the characterization results reveal that the Rh-Ir alloy thin film was prepared successfully with one single phase and homogeneous distribution of Rh and Ir throughout the film. Molecular Dynamics simulation experiments of Rh/Ir alloys using Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) were performed to elucidate the alloying mechanism during the rapid heating process, corroborating the experimental results.
The Assessment of a Novel Lower Body Resistance Garment As a Mechanism to Increase the Training Stimulus During Running: a Randomised Cross Over Study
Authors: Hoffmann Samantha M , Domenico Isaiah Di , Collins Paul K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study examined the physiological and perceived impact of wearing a novel lower body resistance garment during exercise and recovery.Methods: Using a randomised cross over design, 15 recreationally-active males performed 2x10-minute steady-state runs followed by a 10-minute passive recovery with concomitant monitoring of oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; exercise portion only), wearing either the resistance garment (experimental) or running shorts (control).Results: During exercise, V̇O2 and RPE were higher (4.5% and 7.7% respectively) in experimental than control (V̇O2: r=0.24, p>0.05; RPE: r=0.32, p>0.05) whilst HR was lower (-0.4%, r=-0.05, p>0.05). During recovery, V̇O2 and HR were lower (4.7% and 4.3% respectively) in experimental than control (V̇O2: r=‑0.32, p>0.05; HR: r=-0.27, p>0.05). Conclusions: Though effects were trivial to small, and not statistically significant, these findings provide proof of concept and suggest that this garment design may increase the training stimulus during running and aid post-exercise recovery.
Chiral Photochemistry of Achiral Molecules: The Emblematic Case of Stilbene and Stiff-Stilbene
Authors: Raucci Umberto , Weir Hayley , Bannwarth Christoph , Sanchez David , Martinez Todd 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental molecular property governed by the topography of the potential energy surface (PES). The barrier height between two enantiomers relative to the thermal energy dictates the timescale for their interconversion (and thus whether this can be observed). Thermally achiral molecules interconvert rapidly when the interconversion barrier is comparable to or lower than the thermal energy, in contrast to thermally stable chiral configurations. In principle, a change in the PES topography on the excited electronic state may diminish interconversion, leading to electronically prochiral molecules that can be converted from achiral to chiral by electronic excitation. We demonstrate that this is the case for two prototypical examples – cis-stilbene and cis-stiff stilbene. Both systems exhibit unidirectional photoisomerization for each enantiomer as a result of their electronic prochirality. We propose and simulate an experiment to demonstrate this effect in cis-stilbene based on its interaction with circularly polarized light. Our results highlight the drastic change in chiral behavior upon electronic excitation, opening up the possibility for asymmetric photochemistry from an effectively nonchiral starting point.