bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent outburst floods and explosive volcanism during the Younger Dryas–Early Holocene deglaciation in south Iceland: evidence from a lacustrine record
Authors: Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford H. , Harning David J. , Hannesdóttir Hrafnhildur , Thordarson Thor , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLake sediment records give valuable insight into the dynamic events that characterized the last deglaciation in Iceland. Here, we focus on the well‐dated sediment record from Hestvatn, a low‐elevation lake in south Iceland, that features six graded bedding events deposited by outburst floods from glacial lakes dammed by the decaying Iceland Ice Sheet (IIS) in the time period of the Vedde Ash and the G10ka Series tephra. Using climate proxies preserved in the sediment cores, in conjunction with regional glacial geomorphology, we reconstruct the retreat of the IIS in south Iceland, from a marine‐based glacier during the Younger Dryas to a land‐based glacier during the Preboreal. As the ice sheet margin withdrew to the central highlands, ice‐dammed lakes formed along glacier margins. The ice‐dams were occasionally breached, generating large‐scale jökulhlaups (catastrophic outburst floods) that deposited thick turbidite sequences preserved in the sediment record of Hestvatn. The high concentration of volcanic material incorporated within deglacial sediments indicates that along with IIS retreat, subglacial volcanic activity may have helped initiate some of the jökulhlaups. Onset of more stable Holocene conditions was reached after the final turbidite at ~10 ka bp, when the IIS had withdrawn from most of the highlands of Iceland.
Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 in gastric cancer: Prognosis and association with PD‐L1 expression
Authors: Pereira Marina Alessandra , de Castria Tiago Biachi , Ramos Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , Dias André Roncon , Cardili Leonardo , de Moraes Rafael Dyer Rodrigues , Zilberstein Bruno , Nahas Sergio Carlos , Ribeiro Ulysses , de Mello Evandro Sobroza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) is one of the most studied immune checkpoint in gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognostic role of CTLA‐4 expression in GC is poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate CTLA‐4 expression in GC and its impact on survival, including patients treated with standard platinum‐based chemotherapy (CMT), and association with PD‐L1 expression.MethodsAll GC patients who underwent D2‐gastrectomy were investigated retrospectively. Tumor samples were examined for CTLA‐4 and PD‐L1 by immunohistochemistry. Tumor‐infiltrating inflammatory cells, including CD4 + and CD8 + , were also examined.ResultsAmong the 284 GC patients included, 159 (56%) were CTLA‐4 positive and the remaining 125 (44%) were classified as negative. CTLA‐4 positive GC was associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration (p < 0.001), high CD8 + T cells (p = 0.016) and PD‐L1 expression (p = 0.026). Considering GC referred for treatment, CTLA‐4 negative patients who received CMT had a significant improvement in disease‐free survival compared to untreated CLTA‐4 negative (p = 0.028). In multivariate analysis, GC positive for both CTLA‐4 and PD‐L1 had a prognostic impact on survival.ConclusionCTLA‐4 positive was associated with PD‐L1 expression and a high tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + T cells. Accordingly, positivity for both CTLA‐4 and PD‐L1 was an independent factor associated to better survival in GC patients.
Socioeconomic factors in timing of esophagectomy and association with outcomes
Authors: Chen Kevin A. , Strassle Paula D. , Meyers Michael O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDisparities in esophageal cancer are well‐established. The standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer is chemoradiation followed by surgery. We sought to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors, time to surgery, and patient outcomes.MethodsAll patients ≥18 years old diagnosed with T2/3/4 or node‐positive esophageal cancer between 2004 and 2016 and who underwent chemoradiation and esophagectomy in the National Cancer Database were included. Multivariable regression was used to assess the association between socioeconomic variables and time to surgery (grouped into <56, 56–84, and 85–112 days).ResultsA total of 12 157 patients were included. Five‐year overall survival was 39%, 35%, and 35% for the three groups examined. Postoperative 30‐ and 90‐day mortality was increased in both the 56–84 days to surgery group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30 and 1.20, respectively) and the 85–112 days group (OR: 1.37 and 1.56, respectively) when compared to <56 days. Patients of a minority race, public insurance, or lower income were more likely to have a longer time to surgery.ConclusionLonger time to surgery is associated with increased postoperative mortality and is more common in patients with lower socioeconomic status. Further research exploring reasons for delays to esophagectomy among disadvantaged patients could help target interventions to reduce disparities.
The sharing economy at the base of the economic pyramid: How access‐based services can help overcome ownership risks
Authors: Schaefers Tobias , Narayanamurthy Gopalakrishnan , Moser Roger , Leban Marina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sharing economy provides short‐term access to products without the risks associated with ownership. While extant research primarily examined it in the context of affluent consumer segments, the sharing economy may offer opportunities for consumers at the base of the economic pyramid, where ownership risks prevent access to products that could create societal benefits. Drawing from risk perception theory, we examine how access‐based services, as an alternative to ownership, can mitigate perceived risk dimensions. An experimental study reveals that, in contrast to consumers with higher income, low‐income consumers perceive access‐based services to entail less financial risk, resulting in a greater inclination to access a good than to own it. In a second study, we explore these differences by comparing access with a risk mitigation strategy. We find that at the base of the pyramid, access is perceived to entail less financial risk than both ownership and ownership with a warranty. The results indicate the importance of the sharing economy for addressing the limited availability of resources for alleviating poverty. Based on our findings, we derive implications for consumers and service providers at the base of the pyramid, and discuss how the COVID‐19 pandemic may be detrimental to the identified opportunities.
Tunable Photoluminescence Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose with Gradually Changing Crystallinity and Crystal Form
Authors: Jiang Jiantang , Lu Shijia , Liu Man , Li Chuchu , Zhang Yuanchao , Yu Tian Bo , Yang Lei , Shen Yifeng , Zhou Qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonconventional luminogens with persistent room temperature phosphoresce (p‐RTP) are attracting increasing attention owing to their momentous significance and diverse technical applications in optoelectronic and biomedical. So far, the p‐RTP emission of some amorphous powders or single crystals has been studied in depth. The p‐RTP emission of amorphous and fully crystalline states and their emission properties are widely divergent, while the difference of their p‐RTP emission mechanism is still controversial. The relevance between crystallinity change and p‐RTP properties is rarely studied. Furthermore, there is almost no research on the photoluminescence (PL) property change and emission mechanism under the crystal form transformation of semi‐crystalline polymer. Herein, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is chosen as a model compound to explore its crystallinity and the change in luminescence during the crystal form transformation to make up for this gap. By precisely adjusting the crystallinity and crystal cellulose conversion of MCC, the changing trend of quantum efficiency, and p‐RTP lifetime is consistent with the change of crystallinity, and the cellulose I may be more beneficial to PL emission than cellulose II. Clustering‐triggered emission mechanism can reasonably explain these interesting photophysical processes, which also can be supported by single‐crystal analysis and theoretical calculations.
Cationic Diazapentacenium Polymers Made in a Sequence of CN Cross Coupling Polymerization and Acid‐Mediated Postpolymerization Cyclization
Authors: Wetterling Dario , Forster Michael , B. Rodrigues Ana Clara , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolycationic stepladder polymers containing 5,12‐diazapentacenium bistriflate repeat units are made in a two‐step sequence of a carbon‐nitrogen cross coupling polymerization and subsequent postpolymerization cyclization. The deeply colored products show a rather weak conjugative interaction between the dicationic diazapentacenium repeat units along the polymer chains.
Development of a neonate X‐ray phantom for 2D imaging applications using single‐tone inkjet printing
Authors: Cruz‐Bastida Juan P. , Marshall Emily L. , Reiser Nikolaj , George Jonathan , Pearson Erik A. , Feinstein Kate A. , Al‐Hallaq Hania A. , Burton Christiane S. , Beaulieu Danielle , MacDougall Robert D. , Reiser Ingrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeInkjet printers can be used to fabricate anthropomorphic phantoms by the use of iodine‐doped ink. However, challenges persist in implementing this technique. The calibration from grayscale to ink density is complex and time‐consuming. The purpose of this work is to develop a printing methodology that requires a simpler calibration and is less dependent on printer characteristics to produce the desired range of x‐ray attenuation values.MethodsConventional grayscale printing was substituted by single‐tone printing; that is, the superposition of pure black layers of iodinated ink. Printing was performed with a consumer‐grade inkjet printer using ink made of potassium‐iodide (KI) dissolved in water at 1 g/ml. A calibration for the attenuation of ink was measured using a commercial x‐ray system at 70 kVp. A neonate radiograph obtained at 70 kVp served as an anatomical model. The attenuation map of the neonate radiograph was processed into a series of single‐tone images. Single‐tone images were printed, stacked, and imaged at 70 kVp. The phantom was evaluated by comparing attenuation values between the printed phantom and the original radiograph; attenuation maps were compared using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM), while attenuation histograms were compared using the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. A region of interest (ROI)‐based analysis was also performed, where the attenuation distribution within given ROIs was compared between phantom and patient. The phantom sharpness was evaluated in terms of modulation transfer function (MTF) estimates and signal spread profiles of high spatial resolution features in the image.ResultsThe printed phantom required 36 pages. The printing queue was automated and it took about 2 h to print the phantom. The radiograph of the printed phantom demonstrated a close resemblance to the original neonate radiograph. The SSIM of the phantom with respect to that of the patient was 0.53. Both patient and phantom attenuation histograms followed similar distributions, and the KL divergence between such histograms was 0.20. The ROI‐based analysis showed that the largest deviations from patient attenuation values were observed at the higher and lower ends of the attenuation range. The limiting resolution of the proposed methodology was about 1 mm.ConclusionA methodology to generate a neonate phantom for 2D imaging applications, using single‐tone printing, was developed. This method only requires a single‐value calibration and required less than 2 h to print a complete phantom.
The effects of an initial depolarization pulse on dissolved phase hyperpolarized 129Xe brain MRI
Authors: Shepelytskyi Yurii , Grynko Vira , Li Tao , Hassan Ayman , Granberg Karl , Albert Mitchell S. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of an initial 90° depolarization RF pulse on the dissolved‐phase hyperpolarized (HP) xenon‐129 (129Xe) brain imaging and to compare the SNR variability of HP 129Xe images acquired without an initial depolarization RF pulse to those following the initial depolarization pulse.MethodsFive cognitive normal healthy volunteers were imaged using a Philips Achieva 3.0T MRI scanner during a single breath‐hold following inhalation of 1 L of HP 129Xe. Each participant underwent six HP 129Xe scans. Three scans were performed using conventional single‐slice projection HP 129Xe brain imaging, and the other three scans were performed using the HP 129Xe time‐of‐flight imaging with an initial rectangular depolarization pulse.ResultsAlthough the utilization of an initial depolarization results in the reduction of the mean image SNR, the presence of an initial depolarization RF pulse reduces the SNR variability of the HP 129Xe brain image by a factor of 2.26. The highest SNR variability was observed from the posterior brain region, where the anterior region possessed the lower level of signal variability.ConclusionAn initial 90° depolarization RF pulse, applied prior to the HP 129Xe image acquisition, reduced the HP 129Xe signal variability more than two times between the different breath‐hold images.
When breaking the rule becomes necessary: The impact of leader–member exchange quality on nurses pro‐social rule‐breaking
Authors: Irshad Muhammad , Bartels Jos , Majeed Mehwish , Bashir Sajid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimDespite the literature on nursing leadership, the research on the quality of exchange relationship between nursing leaders and nurses is in its initial stages. Also, the underlying mechanism that exists between leader–member exchange and employee outcomes warrants further inquiry. This study aimed to fill these gaps by investigating the role of leader–member exchange relationships and organizational identification in nurses' intentional violation of hospital regulations to promote their patients' welfare, also called pro‐social rule‐breaking. In contrast to a vast number of previous studies, we argue that pro‐social rule‐breaking can be positive for organizations. Therefore, nurses should be given margin and autonomy to break hospital rules when needed by establishing a high‐quality exchange relationship with the supervisor.DesignA quantitative study was conducted on nurses working in hospitals in Pakistan by utilizing a non‐probability convenience sampling technique.MethodData from nurses and their colleagues (n = 224) were collected at three‐time points between June 2019 and August 2019 through questionnaires.ResultsThe results proved that nurses' possessing a high‐quality exchange relationship with their supervisor feels a higher level of identification with their organization. In turn, they are more likely to engage in pro‐social rule‐breaking as a form of constructive deviance.
Depressive symptoms among cancer patients: Variation by gender, cancer type, and social engagement
Authors: Park Gum‐Ryeong , Kim Jinho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrior literature has documented an association between cancer and depressive symptoms. There has been a limited understanding about whether the association between cancer and depressive symptoms varies by gender and whether social engagement moderates this association. Using seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 10,055), we examine the association between cancer and depressive symptoms among middle‐ and older‐aged adults in Korea. We conduct fixed‐effects regression models to account for unobserved characteristics of individuals that may confound this association. We first investigate whether the association between cancer and depressive symptom differs by gender. We distinguish among cancer types to assess potentially distinctive mental health consequences of different types of cancer. Then, we explore whether social engagement moderates the cancer‐depressive symptoms association. Naive OLS models yielded significant associations between cancer and depressive symptoms for both men and women. However, our preferred fixed effects estimates revealed that the association was statistically significant only for men, and not for women. This association was especially pronounced for lung cancer. We also found that one's level of social engagement including informal connections and formal social activities moderates the link between cancer and depressive symptoms. Cancer is not only a leading cause of death, but also a serious threat to one's mental health. This study sheds light on gender differences in psychological reactions to cancer among Korean adults. Findings of this study hold important implications for programs aiming to improve the mental health and quality of life of cancer patients.
Biocompatibility, drug release, and anti‐tumor effect of pH‐sensitive micelles prepared from poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐poly(DL‐lactide) block copolymers
Authors: Wang Yuandou , Zhang Baogang , Shen Xin , Li Qian , Su Feng , Li Suming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious ratios PEOz‐PDLLA diblock copolymers were synthesized through ring‐opening polymerization of DL‐lactide initiated by monohydroxyl terminated poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOz‐OH). The chemical composition and molar mass of the resulting copolymers were determined by using NMR and GPC. Spherical micelles with a diameter from 104 to 136 nm were obtained via self‐assembly of PEOz‐PDLLA in water, as evidenced by TEM and DLS. The CMC of copolymers was well below 0.01 mg/mL, and showed a decreasing trend with increase of PDLLA block length. A two‐step procedure was applied to encapsulate curcumin taken as a hydrophobic model drug. Copolymers with longer PDLLA block exhibit enhanced drug loading capacity. In vitro drug release was carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at physiological and slightly acidic pH values. A pH‐sensitive biphasic drug release behavior was detected with an initial burst release followed by slower prolonged release. Lower pH or shorter PDLLA block length leads to higher drug release rate because of faster degradation of micelles. Hemo‐ and cytocompatibility studies illustrated the excellent biocompatibility of PEOz‐PDLLA micelles. MTT assay showed a significant cytotoxicity of curcumin‐loaded micelles against A549 lung cancer cells. Therefore, it can be inferred that PEOz‐PDLLA block copolymers with outstanding biocompatibility, controllable drug loading performance, and prolonged drug release present a good potential as nano‐carrier of hydrophobic drugs.
Registration of ‘Ho 11‐573’ sugarcane
Authors: Todd James , Hale Anna , Pan Yong‐Bao , Tew Thomas L. , Dufrene Edwis O. , Duet Michael , Verdun David , Landry Cory , Grisham Michael P. , Kimbeng Collins , Gravois Kenneth A. , Bischoff Keith P. , Pontif Michael , Jackson Windell , Waguespack Herman , Davidson Wayne , Scott Andrew W. , Hernandez Eduardo , Klostermann Matt , Nuessly Gregg S. , White William , Richard Randy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract‘Ho 11‐573’ (Reg. no. CV‐201, PI 698597) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA‐ARS, working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, the American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A., Inc., and Rio Farms, Inc. It was released primarily for the Texas sugarcane industry. In field evaluations combined across crops and in ratoons, Ho 11‐573 had yields equivalent to CP 89‐2143 and CP 72‐1210, the most widely grown Texas commercial cultivars. Cane yield (Mg/ha) of Ho 11‐573 from plant‐cane crop evaluations at five locations was significantly higher than CP 89‐2143 or CP 72‐1210. Ho 11‐573 is moderately susceptible to smut and brown rust. It is resistant to leaf scald but is susceptible to ratoon stunt. Sugarcane mosaic and orange rust have not been observed on Ho 11‐573.
Early infestations by arthropod pests induce unique changes in plant compositional traits and leaf reflectance
Authors: Nansen Christian , Murdock Machiko , Purington Rachel , Marshall Stuart 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith steadily growing interest in the use of remote‐sensing technologies to detect and diagnose pest infestations in crops, it is important to investigate and characterize possible associations between crop leaf reflectance and unique pest‐induced changes in plant compositional traits. Accordingly, we compiled plant compositional traits from chrysanthemum and gerbera plants in four treatments: non‐infested, or infested with mites, thrips or whiteflies, and we acquired hyperspectral leaf reflectance data from the same plants over time (0–14 days).RESULTSPlant compositional traits changed significantly in response to arthropod infestations, and individual chrysanthemum and gerbera plants were classified with 78% and 80% accuracy, respectively. Based on leaf reflectance, individual plants from the four treatments were classified with moderate accuracy levels of 76% (gerbera) and 73% (chrysanthemum) but with a clear distinction between non‐infested and infested plants. Accurate and consistent diagnosis of biotic stressors was not achieved.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first study in which infestations by multiple economically important arthropod pests are directly compared and associated with leaf reflectance responses and changes in plant compositional traits. It is important to highlight that imposed stress levels were low, period of infestation was short, and hyperspectral remote‐sensing data were acquired at four time points with analyses based on large data sets (3826 leaf reflectance profiles for chrysanthemum and 4041 for gerbera). This study provides novel insight into crop responses to different biotic stressors and into possible associations between plant compositional traits and hyperspectral leaf reflectance data acquired from crop leaves.