bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Applicability of Moyer’s Analysis in the Contemporary Western Australian Adolescent Population
Authors: Abaid Sidra , Zafar Sobia , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: August 2021

Background:Moyer’s probability tables have been widely used to determine the mesiodistal dimensions of unerupted canines and premolars for mixed dentition space analysis. Secular, racial, and sexual dimorphism have been reported in the literature and the applicability of Moyer’s analysis has been doubted in many other populations.Objective:The present study was conducted to determine the applicability of Moyer’s probability tables and develop a more accurate prediction method in a contemporary Western Australian adolescent population.Methods:A retrospective study, including 500 participants (323 females, 177 males) between 13-18 years old attending the orthodontic private practice, was conducted. Mesiodistal dimensions of selected participants were obtained from pre-orthodontic treatment digital dental records using Invisalign® technology (Invisalign®, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS. New regression equations were derived based on the sum of permanent mandibular incisors, and probability tables were proposed for more accurate prediction.Results:Significant differences were found between the measured sum of permanent canine-premolar segments and those predicted with the Moyer’s probability table, at all percentile levels, except the 50th percentile, where no significant difference was observed.Conclusion:Moyer’s probability table can be applied at the 50th percentile for estimation of sum of mesiodistal dimensions of canine-premolars segments. Newly developed regression equations and tables could be considered to provide more accurate mixed dentition space analysis.
Optimising Conditions for Encapsulation of Salacia chinensis Root Extract enriched with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Ngo Thanh V. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Bowyer Michael C. , McCullum Rebecca , Vuong Quan V. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
S. chinensis extract contains bioactive compounds, which exhibit high antioxidant
activities. However, for commercial uses, it is necessary to encapsulate the extract to protect
it from degradation.

Objective:
This study aimed to optimise spray-drying conditions and then compare spray-drying
with freeze-drying to identify the most suitable conditions for the encapsulation of Salacia chinensis
L. root extract.

Method:
Three factors of spray-drying encapsulation, including maltodextrin concentration, inlet
temperature, and feed rate, have been tested for the impacts on the physical and phytochemical
properties of S. chinensis root extract. Based on the optimal conditions, the spray-drying was then
compared with freeze-drying.

Results:
The results showed that maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature, and feed rate had
significant impacts on recovery yield, phenolics, mangiferin, and antioxidant activity of the spraydried
extract. The optimal spray-drying encapsulation conditions were maltodextrin concentration
of 20%, inlet temperature of 130ºC, and a feed rate of 9 mL/min. Under these optimal conditions,
the encapsulated extract had comparable solubility, total phenolics, mangiferin, antioxidant activity,
lower bulk density, moisture content, and water activity as compared to encapsulated extract
made using the freeze-drying technique. These optimal spray-drying conditions are recommended
to encapsulate the extract of S. chinensis root.

Conclusion:
Spray-drying was found to be more effective for the encapsulation of S. chinensis root
extract than freeze-drying. Therefore, spray-drying is recommended for further applications.
Propuesta tecnológica para la implementación de una planta fotovoltaica de 4.5 kwp para la comunidad rural altoandina San Francisco de Raymina, Ayacucho-Perú
Authors: Salvador Tixe Carlos Alberto , Horn Mutschler Manfred 
Published: August 2021

El presente documento forma parte de un trabajo de investigación, en donde se estudia la situación energética de la comunidad rural altoandina San Francisco de Raymina, ubicada en la Región Ayacucho a 3798 msnm. Se describe y analiza la situación actual del suministro de energía eléctrica de la localidad. Sobre la base de un diagnóstico situacional, identificando las necesidades (uso y consumo) de energía eléctrica de la población, y una evaluación del potencial energético renovable del lugar, se plantea una solución tecnológica limpia y viable. Particularmente, como la comunidad tiene un suministro de electricidad muy limitado, típico de muchos pueblos similares, insuficiente para el desarrollo de actividades productivas, se propone una instalación fotovoltaica local, a fin de reemplazar el sistema de red convencional y satisfacer la demanda local de manera sustentable.
Caracterización térmica-energética de un sistema fotovoltaico de 3,3 kwp interconectado a la red eléctrica: 2015-2019
Authors: Polo Bravo Carlos , Cohaila Mayta Yosimar , Torres Muro Hugo A. , De La Gala Contreras Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

Se presenta los resultados térmicos y energéticos obtenidos bajo monitoreo de un sistema solar fotovoltaico de 3,3 KWp interconectado a la red eléctrica de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann de Tacna (UNJBG), Perú; ubicada a una latitud sur de 17,35°, Longitud 72° O y altura de 525 msnm en el periodo 2015-2019. El sistema genera energía eléctrica a 340 V DC, la cual con un inversor la transforma a 220 VAC, 60 Hz la que se entrega a la red eléctrica de la Ciudad Universitaria. El sistema fotovoltaico está constituido por doce paneles de 275 Wp y 1,65 m 2 cada uno, orientados al norte con unainclinación sur de 19,5°, azimut cero e instalado bajo una arquitectura que permite monitorear automáticamente y registrar cada 15 segundos la temperatura del panel, ambiente y la irradiancia solar sobre el plano de los paneles, parámetros eléctricos en voltaje continuo (DC) y alterna (AC), durante un año la data disponible es de 365 archivos de 5760 filasx16 columnas, caracterizados bajo las condiciones meteorológicas de la ciudad de Tacna. El sistema está conectado a Internet, de modo tal que se puede monitorear y transferir la data desde cualquier lugar que cuente con el recurso. Para el periodo enero 2015 a diciembre 2019, ha generado 25670 KWh de energía eléctrica en voltaje alterno a 220 V, 60 Hz de frecuencia, alcanzando su máxima producción energética mensual entre los meses de octubre a marzo de 542, en tanto que entre abril y setiembre disminuye aun valor mínimo de 228 en junio, representando una diferencia del42,07 %; lo que ha significado para la UNJBG un ahorro por el consumo de energía eléctrica de $ 779 por año. La eficiencia promedio anualizada del sistema es del 13,75 %. la temperatura de los módulos en promedio mensual interanual varía entre valores máximos de 42,9 °C y mínimos de 28,6°C, en tanto que los valores instantáneos máxima superficial del panel de 51,3 °C en enero (verano) y la mínima de 41,8 °C en junio (invierno), para cambios de temperatura ambiental máxima entre de 30,1 y 20,5 °C, respectivamente.
Control de armónicos en transformador eléctrico de potencia de planta de manufactura mediante filtro pasivo incorporado optimizado con algoritmo de forraje bacterial
Authors: Yarin Achachagua Anwar Julio , Salazar Huamani Gustavo Néstor , Chávez Vivar Javier 
Published: August 2021

A través de esta investigación se busca realizar el estudio y caracterización de un filtro pasivo de distorsión armónica aplicado a la protección de una SS.EE de distribución ubicada al interior de una planta de manufactura, teniendo por propósito principal su diseño en base a los parámetros internos del transformador, como su reactancia capacitiva e inductiva, y la optimización del filtro mediante el método heurístico tipo enjambre de partículas llamado algoritmo de forraje bacterial. El filtro pasivo utiliza la propia capacitancia del transformador y una externa para sintonizar la banda de rechazo en el intervalo de frecuencias de las corrientes armónicas. Para validar esta condición se utiliza el equipo CPC 100Omicrom, que permite obtener las medidas de tangente delta.
De esta manera, el objetivo de este filtro pasivo incorporado es lograr condiciones de trabajo adecuadas y mejoradas atendiendo a las necesidades de proteger tanto el transformador como la maquinaria de planta a la que brinda suministro, especialmente en circunstancias críticas en que los armónicos presentes en la red son altamente agresivos.
Deep Learning With Anaphora Resolution for the Detection of Tweeters With Depression: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Wongkoblap Akkapon , Vadillo Miguel A , Curcin Vasa 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMental health problems are widely recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide. This concern highlights the need to develop effective tools for detecting mental health disorders in the population. Social networks are a promising source of data wherein patients publish rich personal information that can be mined to extract valuable psychological cues; however, these data come with their own set of challenges, such as the need to disambiguate between statements about oneself and third parties. Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for social media have looked at text classifiers and user classification models separately, hence presenting a challenge for researchers who want to combine text sentiment and user sentiment analysis.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a predictive model that can detect users with depression from Twitter posts and instantly identify textual content associated with mental health topics. The model can also address the problem of anaphoric resolution and highlight anaphoric interpretations.MethodsWe retrieved the data set from Twitter by using a regular expression or stream of real-time tweets comprising 3682 users, of which 1983 self-declared their depression and 1699 declared no depression. Two multiple instance learning models were developed—one with and one without an anaphoric resolution encoder—to identify users with depression and highlight posts related to the mental health of the author. Several previously published models were applied to our data set, and their performance was compared with that of our models.ResultsThe maximum accuracy, F1 score, and area under the curve of our anaphoric resolution model were 92%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The model outperformed alternative predictive models, which ranged from classical machine learning models to deep learning models.ConclusionsOur model with anaphoric resolution shows promising results when compared with other predictive models and provides valuable insights into textual content that is relevant to the mental health of the tweeter.
Desensitization to Fear-Inducing COVID-19 Health News on Twitter: Observational Study
Authors: Stevens Hannah R , Oh Yoo Jung , Taylor Laramie D 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAs of May 9, 2021, the United States had 32.7 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 (20.7% of confirmed cases worldwide) and 580,000 deaths (17.7% of deaths worldwide). Early on in the pandemic, widespread social, financial, and mental insecurities led to extreme and irrational coping behaviors, such as panic buying. However, despite the consistent spread of COVID-19 transmission, the public began to violate public safety measures as the pandemic got worse.ObjectiveIn this work, we examine the effect of fear-inducing news articles on people’s expression of anxiety on Twitter. Additionally, we investigate desensitization to fear-inducing health news over time, despite the steadily rising COVID-19 death toll.MethodsThis study examined the anxiety levels in news articles (n=1465) and corresponding user tweets containing “COVID,” “COVID-19,” “pandemic,” and “coronavirus” over 11 months, then correlated that information with the death toll of COVID-19 in the United States.ResultsOverall, tweets that shared links to anxious articles were more likely to be anxious (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% CI 1.58-4.43, P<.001). These odds decreased (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.2-0.83, P=.01) when the death toll reached the third quartile and fourth quartile (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.85, P=.01). However, user tweet anxiety rose rapidly with articles when the death toll was low and then decreased in the third quartile of deaths (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37-1.01, P=.06). As predicted, in addition to the increasing death toll being matched by a lower level of article anxiety, the extent to which article anxiety elicited user tweet anxiety decreased when the death count reached the second quartile.ConclusionsThe level of anxiety in users’ tweets increased sharply in response to article anxiety early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, but as the casualty count climbed, news articles seemingly lost their ability to elicit anxiety among readers. Desensitization offers an explanation for why the increased threat is not eliciting widespread behavioral compliance with guidance from public health officials. This work investigated how individuals' emotional reactions to news of the COVID-19 pandemic manifest as the death toll increases. Findings suggest individuals became desensitized to the increased COVID-19 threat and their emotional responses were blunted over time.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Roxadustat for Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Non–Dialysis-Dependent CKD
Authors: Provenzano Robert , Szczech Lynda , Leong Robert , Saikali Khalil G. , Zhong Ming , Lee Tyson T. , Little Dustin J. , Houser Mark T. , Frison Lars , Houghton John , Neff Thomas B. 
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives
We evaluated the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of roxadustat versus placebo by analyzing data pooled from three phase 3 studies of roxadustat in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and CKD-related anemia.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In the three phase 3, double-blind studies of roxadustat versus placebo evaluating the treatment of CKD-related anemia in patients not requiring dialysis, the primary efficacy end point was mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy. The primary cardiovascular safety end point was a composite measure of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke). MACE plus (MACE+; MACE plus unstable angina and heart failure requiring hospitalization) and all-cause mortality were key secondary safety end points. These safety end points were adjudicated.

Results
A total of 4277 patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD were randomized (roxadustat, n=2391; placebo, n=1886). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups; the mean (SD) hemoglobin was 9.1 (0.7) g/dl and mean eGFR was 20 (12) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo showed a mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy, of 1.9 versus 0.2 g/dl, a treatment difference of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7 to 1.8). Roxadustat reduced the need for red blood cell transfusion in the first 52 weeks versus placebo (6.1 versus 20.4 per 100 patient-exposure years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.32). There were no increased risks of MACE (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27), MACE+ (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.21), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.26), or individual MACE+ components in patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo.

Conclusions
Roxadustat was more effective than placebo at increasing hemoglobin in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and anemia, while decreasing transfusion rate and being noninferior to placebo with respect to risk of MACE.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
A Study of FG-4592 for the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Receiving Dialysis, NCT01750190; Roxadustat in the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Requiring Dialysis (ALPS), NCT01887600; Safety and Efficacy Study of Roxadustat to Treat Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Not on Dialysis, NCT02174627
Computation of velocities and polarization vectors in weakly anisotropic media
Authors: Roganov Yu. V. , Stovas A. , Roganov V. Yu. 
Published: August 2021

To compute the phase velocities in the weakly anisotropic media, we propose to transform the Christoffel matrix K into an adapted coordinate system, and, then, apply the perturbation theory to the resulting matrix X. For a weakly anisotropic medium, the off-diagonal elements of the matrix X are small compared to the diagonal ones, and two of them are equal to 0. The diagonal elements of the matrix X are initial approximations of the phase velocities squared. To refine them, it is proposed to use either iterative schemes or Taylor series expansions. The initial terms of the series and the formulas of iterative schemes are expressed through the elements of the matrix X and have a compact analytical representation. The odd-order terms in the series are equal to 0. To approximate the phase velocities of the S1 and S2 waves, a stable method is proposed based on solving a quadratic equation with the coefficients being expressed in terms of the matrix elements and the precomputed value of the qP wave phase velocity squared. For all iterative schemes and series, the convergence conditions are derived. The polarization vector of the wave with the square of the phase velocity is defined as the column with maximum modulus of cofactor of the matrix K-I. The group velocities vectors are computed based on the known components of the polarization vector, the directional vector, and the density-normalized stiffness coefficients. The computational accuracy is demonstrated for the standard orthorhombic model. It is shown how the perturbation theory can be applied to media with strong anisotropy. To do this, first we need to apply several QR transforms or Jacobi rotations of the Christoffel matrix, and then use the perturbation theory. This method with four Jacobi rotations is applied to the calculation of the phase velocities squared for a triclinic medium with a maximum number (32) of singularity points. In this case, the phase velocities are computed with a relative error less than 0,004 %.
Impact of deforestation on radiative and thermal regimes of the territory of Ukraine on the base of global climate models data
Authors: Pysarenko L. A. , Krakovska S. V. 
Published: August 2021

This paper is dedicated to the influence of partial deforestation with using global retrospective modelling data from The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) for the territory of Ukraine. This experiment aims to global gradual deforestation and has two phases. The first phase, defined as the pre-industrial period (1850—1899) with constant unchangeable anthropogenic impact. For this period deforestation modelled with further replacement with grass cover with a linear trend 400000 km2/yr or 20 million km2 per 50 years in general. The second phase is next 30 years with no significant changes in forest cover (1900—1929). For conducting this research the data of several global climate models were applied. The results of analysis have demonstrated that a partial deforestation with grass substitution influences the surface reflectivity or albedo and redistribution of shortwave radiative fluxes. In turn, it provokes changes in thermal regime. It was found that the most significant changes in surface reflectivity and the strongest correlation coefficients between albedo and deforestation are in the winter season due to the presence of snow cover. As a result, statistical significant increase of albedo is with maximum values up to 24 %/50 years in some grids in winter. Then in the summer season maximal changes are up to 2.7 %/50 years due to small differences between forest and grass albedos. As a consequence, changes in albedo cause changes in surface and air temperature regimes. Strong dependencies were found in winter between changes in albedo and temperatures with maximum temperature decrease 2.5…2.0 %/50 years. In warm season correlations are weaker in comparison to cold season, but nevertheless, temperatures decrease also take place with maximum values 2.0…1.5 %/50 years. The analysis between deforestation and daily air temperature range has shown that particularly in winter season there is an increase of 0.5...1.5 %/50 years, whereas such tendency is not observed in warm season. Calculations of year air temperature range demonstrated controversial results among climate models, as follows it is hard to make a conclusion about the contribution of forest cover reduction to changes in this index. It was revealed, that global climate models with higher resolution are more sensitive to changes in albedo and, as a consequence to other characteristics than models with coarse ones. It should be noticed that obtained results concern pre-industrial period with minimal anthropogenic impact, when observed a stable snow cover in winter in Ukraine. In the current climate change with significant warming and reduction of snow season duration deforestation can have opposite effects on radiative and thermal regimes that require further studying.
Recording and on-line analysis of the earthquakes at the National center of seismological data
Authors: Gurova I. Yu. , Amashukeli T. A. , Kalitova I. A. 
Published: August 2021

The research is dedicated to statistical analysis of such a powerful natural phenomenon as an earthquake and to the problems of monitoring the seismicity in the territory of Ukraine directly. According to evidences of century-old data, annual number and the strengths of earthquakes differ, however its growth is observed definitively. Such a trend needs more attentive attitude to manifestations of seismic activity and its results even within the platform parts of the territory of Ukraine. Examples of registering earthquakes observations of different intensity and remoteness by Ukrainian observation net have been made. Special consideration at the National center of seismological data has been given to seismic vibrations which appear and are fixed in the areas bordering Ukraine and within its territories directly. Essential background for elaboration and successful practical usage of the medium-term and short-term methods of forecasting the approaching seismic catastrophe or dangerous development of the seismic process which has begun are observation and on-line processing of the earthquakes at the National center of seismological data with successive producing bulletins and catalogues.