bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Classification of Fetus Gender Based on Fuzzy C-Mean Using a Hybrid Filter
Authors: Aljuboori Ahmed S , Abdullatif Firas A. , Mahmmed Duraid Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach, of Clustering Ultrasound images using the Hybrid Filter (CUHF) to determine the gender of the fetus in the early stages. The possible advantage of CUHF, a better result can be achieved when fuzzy c-mean FCM returns incorrect clusters. The proposed approach is conducted in two steps. Firstly, a preprocessing step to decrease the noise presented in ultrasound images by applying the filters: Local Binary Pattern (LBP), median, median and discrete wavelet (DWT), (median, DWT & LBP) and (median & Laplacian) ML. Secondly, implementing Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) for clustering the resulted images from the first step. Amongst those filters, Median & Laplace has recorded a better accuracy. Our experimental evaluation on real data from the Kadhimiya teaching hospital shows that the proposed CUHF is a better method when compared to the accuracy of the other integrated filters.
Multi-Camera Collaborative Network Experimental Study Design of Video Surveillance System for Violated Vehicles Identification
Authors: Rashid Hasan Thabit , Ali Israa Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an experimental study of multi-camera collaborative network for surveillance the highway traffic turn in real life scenario, the target of surveillance based offline video processing is capturing the violated vehicles that driving violated paths in many cases specified by user-defined rules. Best topology of the experiment zone is considered and covered by four pillars; each has two (fixed and motorized) cameras that casing the entire specific effective field of view. As to author knowledge, there is no such available experiment, and hence, it could serve researchers that interested in. However, the experiment is done for around 180 recorded hours for 8 videos during 9 days, each video for one camera. It is designed based on the collaborative cameras principle for intelligent video surveillance systems and the outcomes show that the surveillance and the tracking of violated vehicles have been successes in most user-defined rules cases for more than 90 % cases.
Higher Education’s Certificates Model based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ali Mustafa A. , Bhaya Wesam S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Blockchain technology has revolutionized economic transactions, and it is expected to spread and influence other fields. It can create innovative and destructive effects on the systems that need to be executed, store, verified, and continually update digital data among participating parties. Moreover, it provides security, privacy, trust, and transparency. In the education field, there is a shy presence of some blockchain applications, and the majority of them have a pilot character. Hence, a model based on blockchain is introduced in this study, which aims to provides easy to apply for certificates, as well as share and verify these certificates with a third party. Moreover, the mechanism of the proposed model proposes permanent distributed hashes records of students’ certificates in Higher Education to reduce forgery. In conclusion, the study discussed the opportunities, benefits, features, and challenges are represented by deploying this model in the Higher Education field.
Improving Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving 0–1 Knapsack Problem
Authors: Basheer Ghalya Tawfeeq , Algamal Zakariya Yahya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Binary knapsack problem has received considerable attention in combinational optimization. Various meta-heuristic algorithms are dedicated to solve this problem in the literature. Recently, a binary flower pollination algorithm (BFPA) was proposed, which has been successfully applied to solve 0-1 knapsack problem. In this paper, two new time-varying transfer functions are proposed to improve the exploration and exploitation capability of the BFPA with the best solution and short computing time. Based on small, medium, and high-dimensional scales of the knapsack problem, the computational results reveal that the proposed time-varying transfer functions not only to find the best possible solutions but also to have less computational time. Compared to the standard transfer functions, the efficiency of the proposed time-varying transfer functions is superior, especially in the high-dimensional scales.
Radiative peristaltic transport of Ree-Eyring fluid through porous medium in asymmetric channel subjected to combined effect of inclined MHD and convective conditions
Authors: Ali Hayat A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study emphasizes the flow phenomenon of trapped bolus traveling along the interior walls of asymmetric inclined channels contains a non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring. The flow was exposed to influenced by inclined MHD field, thermal heat radiative, and porous media. Further, no slip and convective thermal conditions are considered. Mathematical expression for governing equations are reformulated and in accordance with lubrication approximations, nonlinear partial differential equations of the flow reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations associated with boundary conditions an approximate solution is deduced by implementing perturbation strategy for tiny A Ree-Eyring fluid parameter. Finally, a graphical description is presented to figure out the elevation behavior of flow quantities i.e. velocity profile, temperature distribution, pressure rise, and streamlines formulation due to variation of emerging involved parameters. The study analyzed that the velocity profile reveals mixed behavior via increment of Ree-Eyring parameters η, A as well as Hartman number H and Darcy number Da. whereas the thermal radiative parameter Rn accelerates the temperature distribution profile. The study calculations are made by the “Mathematica 11.3” package.
A reduction of Dynamic Fault Tree to a Simple Form
Authors: Abdulkadhim Ali Salman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dynamic fault tree expands fault tree by giving the design of complex system components’ actions and crossings. Because DFT is high grade design and simple to use it is proving a rising not fail through reliability researchers. Unluckily, an issue of problems as yet stays when we using DFT These problems are (1) There are no formalities, (2) restriction in symbolic analysis and thus sensitiveness to increasing the trouble, and (3) there is a few of modular type-structure. Chain of Markov (I/O-IMC) input/output formularization are used to analyse DFT. I/O-IMC have accurate semantics and are expansion of uninterrupted-time Markov chains with output and input conducts.
On semi strongly (E, F)-convex functions and semi strongly (E, F)-convex optimization problems
Authors: Majeed S N , Enad A A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new class of non-convex functions called semi strongly (E, F)-convex functions are presented. This class represents a natural extension of semi stronglyE-convex functions shown in the literature. Different properties of this class of functions are discussed. Optimality properties of constrained optimization problems in which the objective function or the inequality constraints functions are semi strongly (E, F)-convex are proved for this class.
Stabilization study of a non-Linear self-regression model using Linear Approximation Technique
Authors: Neamah Kawther Abbood , Namah Safa Abood 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, stability in a polynomial model called a polynomial self-regression model with trigonometric boundaries was studied. A linear approximation technique was used, and the Box-Genghis method was used in data analysis, and time series modeling of numbers of people with media. Data were obtained from AL-Yarmouk Hospital in Baghdad AL-Karkh for the period (2011-2016) shows the numbers of patients with the disease through the technique of Linear approximation. Then we found the single point and the stability of the final cycle, and we tried to apply the results that we obtained on the correct data for audit.
Generalized Projectivity and *Generalized Projectivity
Authors: Hussain Mukdad Qaess , Rasheed Ammar Saied 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Let R be a Ring with identity and let T be a unitary left Module over R. In this paper, we recall the concepts of generalized projectivity and *generalized projectivity. These types of projectivity are very useful for the study on direct sums of Modules to be semihollow-lifting.
Equivalence of Some Iterations for Class of Quasi Contractive Mappings
Authors: Maibed Zena Hussein , Thajil Ali Qasem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we recalled different types of iterations as Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, CR-iteration and, Modified SP_iteration of quasi δ-contraction mappings, and we proved that all these iterations equivalent to approximate fixed points of δ-contraction mappings in Banach spaces.
The Homomorphism of a cubic set of a semigroup in a KU-algebra
Authors: Hasan Omniat Adnan , Kareem Fatema F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study of homomorphisms in cubic sets is considered one of the important concepts that transfer algebraic properties between different structures, so we study a homomorphism of a cubic set of a semigroup in a KU-algebra and defined the product of two cubic sets in this structure. Firstly, we define the image and the inverse image of a cubic set in a KU-semigroup and achieve some results in this notion. Secondly, the Cartesian product of cubic subsets in a KU-semigroup is discussed and some important characteristics are proved.
Soft Convergence Via Soft-ᶅ-Pre-Generalized-Open Sets
Authors: Esmaeel R B , Hammood A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the concept of soft open set is inserted by using soft ideal with soft pre-open sets, like: soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets “spᶅg-open” some of the characteristics of these sets are offered. New soft functions are given such as; sᶅpg-open functions, soft ᶅ*pg-open functions, soft ᶅ** pg-open functions, soft ᶅpg-continuous functions, strongly soft ᶅpg-continuous functions and soft ᶅpg-irresolute-functions. New separation axioms and convergences are introduced by using soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets like; sᶅpg-Ʈ0-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ1-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ2-space. some figures and suggestions have been introduced the relationships with near soft functions as well some examples are explained.
Approximate Solution of Delay Integral Equations via Functions of two Variable
Authors: Al-Jubory Abdul Khaleq O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we adopt B. spline function of two variables basis for solving linear multi-dimensional delay Volterra integral equations nonhomogeneous of the second type. We employ the two methods to approximate solution via B. spline function of two variables basis that yields linear system. Some examples are given, the results shown in tables and figures. These methods are very effective, convenient and overcome the difficulty of traditional methods. We solve this problem with the assistance of Matlab18.
Global Convergence Condition for a New Spectral Conjugate Gradient Method for Large-Scale Optimization
Authors: Sheekoo Ahmed Hussien , al-Naemi Ghada M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is an effective method to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, a new spectral conjugate gradient method is proposed with a strong Wolfe-Powell line search (SWP). The idea of the new one is using theβBZAformula which is proposed by Baluch and et al., with suitable parameter φ denoted by (SCGBZA). Under the usual assumptions, the descent properties and overall global convergence of the proposed method (SCGBZA) are proved. The proposed method is numerically proven to be effective.
Stress-Strength Reliability for P(T < X < Z) using Dagum Distribution
Authors: Karam Nada S. , Attia Ali M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the reliability formula of the stress-strength model is derived for probability P(T<X<Z) of a component having strength X falling between two stresses T and Z, that these stresses and strength variables have Dagum distribution with unknown shape parameters and known common scale parameters. Three methods for estimating the Dagum parameters are discussed which are the Maximum Likelihood, Regression method and Method of Moment, and the comparison between these estimation method based on a simulation study by the mean square error criteria for each of the small, medium and large samples. The most important conclusion is that this comparison confirms that the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator works better for most of the experiments studied.
Reliability of n-Cascade Stress-Strength P(X<Y<Z) System for four different distributions
Authors: Karam Nada S. , Yousif Shahbaa M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the n-cascade with P(X<Y<Z) is used to find the reliability of stress-strength system, where X and Z are the strengths of a component subjected to stress Y. The n-cascade stress-strength system reliability expression is obtained for four different distributions which are [Exponential Pareto, Inverted Exponential, Exponentiated Invers Rayleigh, Frechet]. For some specific values of the parameters of the distribution, the numerical values of the four different reliabilities have also been computed, provided, and discussed.
Some Results On The N —Fuzzy Domination in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Yousif Hayder J. , Omran Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to introduce a new fuzzy domination parameter in fuzzy graphs Gf
= (η, ρ) it is called a (N – fuzzy domination number) denoted by γN
(Gf
). Some properties and boundaries of this definition are introduced. The N – fuzzy domination number of fuzzy certain graphs as fuzzy complete, path, star, cycle, complete bipartite, and star are determined. Additionally the relation between the N-degrees of the vertices and the number of edges and N-edges of a fuzzy graph is discussedgraph discussed, with some suitable graphs and examples are given.
On Prime and Semiprime Gamma Rings with Symmetric Gamma n-Centralizers
Authors: Saed Ikram A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we assume that M is Γ-ring then we will present the definition of symmetric Γ-n-centralizers and the definition of Jordan Γ-n-centralizers of M. After that, we try to find the commutativity of a prime Γ-ring that has a left Γ-n-centralizers of M when it satisfies certain identities. Finally, we find the relationship between Jordan Γ-n-centralizers and symmetric Γ-n-centralizers when M is semiprime Γ-ring.
Closed Fuzzy Dominating Set in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Yousif Hayder J. , Omran Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on closed fuzzy domination number of a fuzzy graph GF
= (η, ρ) by using effective edge and is denoted by γcl
(GF
) and we obtain some result on this concept, the relationship between λλcl
(GF
) and some other concepts is obtained, finally the concept of closed fuzzy domination number of a join fuzzy graphs is introduced.
Properties and Applications of Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin Weibull Distribution
Authors: Al-Noor Nadia Hashim , Hadi Hadi Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new flexible compound distribution with four parameters called Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin Weibull (TEMOW) is proposed as a sub-model of a new generator of continuous distributions named Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin-G family. Reliability characteristics with several main statistical properties are presented. The maximum likelihood estimation method is adopted to estimate the unknown parameters. Furthermore, to assess the usefulness and flexibility, the TEMOW distribution applied upon simulation study besides real application with two real data set. The simulation results clearly shown the flexible performance of the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters. Also, the real application results clearly shown that the proposed distribution has outstanding performance than other considered distributions for all information criteria.
Cech Fuzzy Soft Bi-Closure Spaces
Authors: Hmood M T , Majeed R N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present study, Čech fuzzy soft bi-closure spaces (Čfs bi-csp’s) are defined. The basic properties of Čfs bi-csp’s are studied such as we show from each Čfs bi-csp’s (u, L1, L2, S) we can obtain two types of associative fuzzy soft topological spaces, the first is a fuzzy soft bitopological space (U, τL1
, τL2
, S) and the second is a fuzzy soft topological space (U, τL1

L2
, S). Also, the concepts of the fuzzy soft interior, subspace, and continuity which are the building blocks of classical bi-closure spaces are defined on Čfs bi-csp’s. Besides, several examples have been given so that the subject can be better understood.
Classifications of subsets in the finite projective line
Authors: Makhrib Najm Abdulzahra , Al-Seraji  , Musa Fatima Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to classify k-sets in projective linePG(1, 29) which are a set of k projective distinct points. The projective line has been classified into k-set,k = 3,4, …,10, equivalent and inequivalent. Also, the projective equation of the fc-sets and the stabilizer groups of them are constructed. All the computations are doing by using the Group’s algorithm language GAP[7].
PC-Spaces
Authors: Gasim S. G. , Mohammed N. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study concentrates on the new generalizations of the Jordan curve theorem. In order to achieve our goal, new spaces namely PC-space and strong PC-space are defined and studied their properties. One of the main concepts that use to define the related classes of spaces is paracompact space. In addition, the property of being PC-space and strong PC-space is preserved by defining a new type of function so called para-perfect function.
Discrete wavelet based estimator for the Hurst parameter of multivariate fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Hmood Munaf Yousif , Hamza Amjad Hibtallah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, wavelets were used to study the multivariate fractional Brownian motion through the deviations of the random process to find an efficient estimation of Hurst exponent. The results of simulations experiments were shown that the performance of the proposed estimator was efficient. The estimation process was made by taking advantage of the detail coefficients stationarity from the wavelet transform, as the variance of this coefficient showed the power-low behavior. We use two wavelet filters (Haar and db5) to manage minimizing the mean square error of the model.
A New Algorithm to Estimate the Parameters of Log-Logistic Distribution Based on the Survival functions
Authors: Amina Ibrahim k. , Bayda Atiya Kalaf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Estimation of the parameters is quite important in the numerous fields for the development of mathematical models. Maximum likelihood estimation is a good method, which is usually used to elaborate on the parameter estimation. The likelihood function formed for the parameter estimation of Log-Logistic is very hard to maximize. Therefore, this paper proposes a new hybrid of Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and Simplex Downhill Algorithm (SDA) called (MLESDA) to estimate parameters of Log-Logistic distribution based on Survival functions. To compare the suggested method (MLESDA) and classical Maximum Likelihood (MLE) method, simulation is used. The results demonstrate that MLESDA is more efficient than the MLE method.
A New Algorithm to Estimate the Parameters of Nonlinear Regression
Authors: alkreem Zaid Adil Abd , Kalaf Bayda Atiya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The procedures to estimate the parameters are important in many scientific fields that are required to develop mathematical models. Thus, this paper is proposed as a Gravitational Search algorithm for estimating the parameters of nonlinear regression models. Also, a simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed methods in this paper. The results show that GSA approach provides accurate estimates and is satisfactory for the parameter estimation of the nonlinear regression models.
Comparison of Three Techniques for Measuring Radon Gas
Authors: Hamad Hadeel Tariq , Karim Mahmood Salim , Kadhim Nada Farhan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present work, three radioactive elements of radium were used to produce radon gas and222Rn was measured by three different techniques (Rad-7 detector, Scout detector and CR-39 detector). It was found that the222Rn gas measured by Rad-7 detector is closer to the real readings than other detectors.
Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jihad Mustafa A. , Noori Farah T.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by Hummer’s method using graphite rod. Used organic chemical materials to active (GO – COOH) for esterification reaction between the graphene oxide carboxylic acid group and the Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydroxyl group. Graphene oxide (GO) was conjugated to PEG4000 (medical polymer). The composite (GO – PEG) characterization by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis and AFM. In UV-Vis GO showed a sharp peak at 275 nm whiles the peak of (GO – PEG) appear at 284 nm. A strong OH bond appear in Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, C –H bond of (GO – PEG) also showed. In XRD pattern GO have a sharp peak appear at 2θ = 11.83° that related to 001 with d-spacing of 7.76 Å while functionalization of GO – PEG 4000 conform by broad peak at 2θ= 23.38s with d-spacing of 3.8 Å. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, GO image shows Graphene oxide sheet with main grain size is 24.41 nm, In GO – PEG4000 shows aggregation of Graphene oxides with PEG4000 the main grain size increase with functionalize to 287.04 nm.
Study of Some Structural and Optical Properties for P3HT: CBM Heterojunctions Blending of ZnS Nanoparticles
Authors: Muhammed Ghaida Salman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, the preparation of P3HT: PCBM heterojunction blending ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) was demonstrated. Some structural and optical properties of the hybrid structure films were presented. ZnS NPs films were prepared by chemical route method and at different pH values. Then, the nanoparticles ZnS was incorporated in P3HT : PCBM solution in chlorobenzene with the weight ratios of 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt %. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the ZnS nanoparticles films and SEM images of the hybrid structure films are discussed. Also, the absorption spectra in the range of 200-1100 nm of the blends for variable weight ratios samples and the effect of ZnS pH values on these spectra are presented.
The Concentration of the Toxic Elements (Cd, Hg, As) in Diyala Governorate Soil Utilizing GIS Techniques
Authors: Muhammad Jaafar S. , Jasim Kareem A. , Shaban Auday H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The heavy elements (Cadmium, Mercury, and Arsenic) are considered to be highly toxicity for human and living creatures. This research focused on the concentrations of these elements in the soil of Diyala Governorate. The 25 samples of soil were collected from different areas included (industrial, residential, and agricultural) with an average sample rate for each region with a depth (10 cm). The samples were compressed to prepare them for measurement by dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray energy (EDX). The results are compared with the global determinants World Health Organization (WHO), where the results indicates the highest concentration of cadmium in the Injanah region and the lowest concentration in the Alma’amil region. The highest concentration of mercury in the regions of Mohammed Sakran and Diyala Bridge and the lowest concentration in the region of Mundhiriyah. The Arsenic elements concentrated become high in the Rashidiya region and less concentrated in the Hamrin hills region. It is known that these elements are more toxic than other elements when they are found in a higher rate than the permissible level in the soil.