bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: Short review of literature and case report
Authors: Wass Romana Elisabeth , Lang David , Horner Andreas , Lamprecht Bernd 
Published: October 2021

SummaryImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has fundamentally improved the treatment landscape of advanced lung cancer. Improved tolerability and encouraging duration of response in selected patients are some of the advantages of ICB over conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) possibly affecting multiple organs pose challenges in diagnosis and management. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare but clinically highly relevant irAE that can significantly impair quality of life and can be potentially life threatening. Since its heterogeneity in clinical and radiographic presentation, diagnosis can be challenging. Treatment usually consists of discontinuing or delaying the administration of ICB. If there is no sufficient recovery with this measure, steroid therapy is indicated. Although the majority of cases improves with this therapy, steroid-refractory CIP can be a therapeutic challenge as there is currently no evidence-based standard treatment. We herein present a short review of literature and a case report of relapsing CIP under steroid treatment.
Parameter investigation and optimization of friction stir welded AA6061/TiO2 composites through TLBO
Authors: Prabhu Subramanya R. , Shettigar Arun , Herbert Mervin A. , Rao Shrikantha S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explicates the joining of AA 6061/TiO2 composites by the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW experiments were conducted as per the three factors, three-level, central composite ivy– face-centered design method. Mathematical relationships between the FSW process parameters, namely tool geometry, welding speed, and tool rotational speed, and the output responses such as hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength were established using response surface methodology. Adequacies of established models were assessed through the analysis of variance method. Further, the paper elucidates the application of the teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm to identify the optimal values of input variables and to obtain an FSW joint with superior mechanical properties. The optimized experimental condition obtained from the TLBO yields an FSW joint with a UTS of 174 MPa, yield strength of 120 MPa, and hardness of 126HV. The study revealed that the result of the TLBO algorithm matched the findings of the FSW experiments.
Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems
Authors: Pané Salvador , Wendel-Garcia Pedro , Belce Yonca , Chen Xiang-Zhong , Puigmartí-Luis Josep 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe increasing number of contributions in the field of small-scale robotics is significantly associated with the progress in material science and process engineering during the last half century. With the objective of integrating the most optimal materials for the propulsion of these motile micro- and nanosystems, several manufacturing strategies have been adopted or specifically developed. This brief review covers some recent advances in materials and fabrication of small-scale robots with a focus on the materials serving as components for their motion and actuation.Recent FindingsIntegration of a wealth of materials is now possible in several micro- and nanorobotic designs owing to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication and chemical synthesis. Regarding light-driven swimmers, novel photocatalytic materials and deformable liquid crystal elastomers have been recently reported. Acoustic swimmers are also gaining attention, with several prominent examples of acoustic bubble-based 3D swimmers being recently reported. Magnetic micro- and nanorobots are increasingly investigated for their prospective use in biomedical applications. The adoption of different materials and novel fabrication strategies based on 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition, or electrospinning is briefly discussed.SummaryA brief review on fabrication and powering of small-scale robotics is presented. First, a concise introduction to the world of small-scale robotics and their propulsion by means of magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light is provided. Recent examples of materials and fabrication methodologies for the realization of these devices follow thereafter.
Using bibliometrics to evaluate outcomes and influence of translational biomedical research centers
Authors: Bragg Kristine M. , Marchand Gwen C. , Hilpert Jonathan C. , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Federal grant funding to support infrastructure development of translational biomedical research centers is a form of public health intervention. Establishing rigorous methods for measuring center success and outcomes is essential to justify continued funding.

Methods:
Bibliometric data compiled from a 5-year funding cycle of neurodegeneration and translational neuroscience research center were analyzed using the package bibliometrix for open-source software R and the NIH-developed research tool iCite.

Results:
The research team and their collaborators (n = 485) produced 157 grant-citing publications from 2015–2020. The science was produced by small research teams clustered around three main communities of topics: Alzheimer’s Disease, brain imaging, and neuropsychological testing in the elderly. Using the relative citation ratio, the publications produced by the research team were found to be influential when compared to other R01-funded publications.

Conclusion:
Recent developments in bibliometric analysis expand beyond traditional measurement capabilities to better understand the characteristics, outcomes, and influences of research teams. These findings can be used to inform researchers and institutions about research team composition, productivity, and success. Measures of research influence may be used to justify return on investment to funders.
Stakeholder input on a care planning tool to address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks: The value of different stakeholder perspectives
Authors: O’Loughlin Kristen , Huffstetler Alison N. , Shadowen Hannah , Brooks E. Marshall , Hinesley Jennifer , Huebschmann Amy G. , Glasgow Russell E. , Bohannon Arline , Krist Alex H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This report describes how stakeholder groups informed a web-based care planning tool’s development for addressing root causes of poor health. Stakeholders included community members (n = 6), researchers (n = 6), community care providers (n = 9), and patients (n = 17). Feedback was solicited through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and user experience observations and then qualitatively analyzed to identify themes. Each group contributed a unique perspective. Researchers wanted evidence-based content; community members and providers focused on making goals manageable; patients wanted care team support and simple action-oriented language. Our findings highlight the benefits of stakeholder input. Blending perspectives from multiple groups results in a more robust intervention design.
Replicating corpus-based research in English for academic purposes: Proposed replication of Cortes (2013) and Biber and Gray (2010)
Authors: Omidian Taha , Ballance Oliver James , Siyanova-Chanturia Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurate description of language use is central to English for academic purposes (EAP) practice. Thanks to the development of corpus tools, it has been possible to undertake systematic studies of language in academic contexts. This line of research aims to provide detailed and accurate characterization of academic communication and to ultimately inform EAP practice. Very few studies, however, have attempted to ascertain whether, and to what the extent, corpus-based findings have achieved such goals. The diverse nature of EAP, and the unique methodological challenges involved in compiling and using corpora, provide sufficient incentive for replication research in this area. The present article makes a case for replication of corpus-based studies in the field of EAP. It argues that replication research not only enhances the credibility of corpus linguistics for EAP pedagogy and research but also provides practical advice for EAP teachers and materials designers. It then looks at how two key corpus-based studies on the topic, Cortes (2013) and Biber and Gray (2010), can be replicated with respect to replication approaches described in Porte (2012).
CONSENT TO UNJUST INSTITUTIONS
Authors: van der Vossen Bas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJohn Rawls wrote that people can voluntarily acquire political obligations to institutions only on the condition that those institutions are at least reasonably just. When an institution is seriously unjust, by contrast, attempts to create political obligation are “void ab initio.” However, Rawls's own explanation for this thought was deeply problematic, as are the standard alternatives. In this paper, I offer an argument for why Rawls's intuition was right and trace its implications for theories of authority and political obligation. These, I claim, are more radical than is often thought.
Socio-economic inequalities in children’s nutritional status in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2017–2018: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Qi Xinran , Zhu Yifan , Wang Yu , He Qiwei , Hee Jiayi , Chen Wei , Takesue Rie , Tang Kun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has one of the highest levels of child undernutrition globally; however, little information exists on the underlying socio-economic inequalities resulting in undernutrition. This study aims to examine the differences in the nutritional statuses of children across different wealth quintiles and explores the association between malnutrition in children and related factors.

Design:
We utilised the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. We estimated the prevalence of malnutrition across all twenty-six provinces. The study used the WHO 2006 child growth standards to measure stunting, underweight and wasting. We employed a mixed-effect linear model to analyse the association between nutritional status and healthcare accessibility, domestic sanitation, and socio-demographic factors.

Setting:
Twenty-six provinces in the DRC.

Participants:
21 477 children under 5 years of age and 21 828 women of childbearing age in the DRC.

Results:
The national prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was found to be 23·33 %, 42·05 % and 5·66 %, respectively. Household wealth and mother’s education level were significantly positively associated with the nutritional statuses of children. Among households in the lowest wealth quintile, residence in urban areas was a protective factor against undernutrition.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study indicate considerable socio-economic inequalities in the nutritional statuses of children under 5 years of age in the DRC, highlighting the need for nutrition promotion as part of maternal and child healthcare. Interventions and policies should include improving nutrition education for less-educated mothers, in particular, in the central provinces of the DRC.
Nonverbale Korrelate depressiver Störungen
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Knitter Lukas A. , Meier Julija , Brümmel Maria , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Psychische Störungen gehen mit Veränderungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens einher. Fragestellung: Die Pilotstudie untersuchte, inwiefern Charakteristika von Mimik, Körper- und Kopfbewegungen als diagnostische Kriterien depressiver Störungen geeignet sind und testete dabei computerbasierte Messungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens. Methode: Die Stichprobe umfasste N = 15 Patient_innen mit depressiver Störung und N = 15 gesunde Kontrollpersonen. Mit Fragebögen wurden Depressivität (PHQ-9), Ängstlichkeit (GAD-7) und Schmerzbeeinträchtigung (PDI) erfasst. Strukturierte Anamneseinterviews zu körperlichen Beschwerden wurden mit Video aufgezeichnet. Mimik und Bewegungen wurden automatisch mit OpenFace und Motion Energy Analysis kodiert. Ergebnisse: Hypothesenkonform lächelten depressive Personen seltener (Hedges g = 1.56) und bewegten ihren Kopf weniger ( g = 0.79) als Gesunde. Expressionen von Trauer sowie Häufigkeit, Dauer und Geschwindigkeit von Körperbewegungen waren nicht für die Gruppenzugehörigkeit prädiktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Es lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass computerbasierte Messungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens zur Untersuchung nonverbaler Korrelate depressiver Störungen geeignet sind und dass psychomotorische Hemmung und emotionale Eintrübung nicht bei allen nonverbalen Charakteristika zu Tage treten.
Therapieziele und ihr Zusammenhang mit frühem Therapiefortschritt im ambulanten kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Setting
Authors: Kuhlencord Merle , Hagmayer York 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Inhalt und Ausrichtungsfokus von Therapiezielen und erfolgreichem Therapieverlauf ist wenig erforscht, wobei insbesondere eine mögliche Assoziation von Inhalt und Fokus vernachlässigt wurde. Fragestellung. Untersucht wurde die Assoziation von Therapiezielinhalt und -fokus und deren Zusammenhang mit frühem Therapiefortschritt. Methode. 716 Therapieziele von 163 Patientinnen und Patienten in ambulanter KVT wurden nach Inhalt und Fokus (Annäherung vs. Vermeidung) kategorisiert und der Zusammenhang von Zielart und Zielerreichung sowie Symptomreduktion nach 12 Sitzungen analysiert. Ergebnisse. Zielinhalt und –fokus waren assoziiert. Die fremdbeurteilte Zielerreichung war bei problembezogenen Annäherungszielen am höchsten. Die Symptomreduktion war dagegen am höchsten, wenn problembezogene Vermeidungsziele vorlagen. Schlussfolgerung. Therapiefortschritt steht im Zusammenhang mit den gesetzten Therapiezielen. Welche Therapiezielart, insbesondere welcher Fokus Therapiefortschritt und -erfolg begünstigt, bleibt weiterer zu erforschen. Dabei sollten zukünftig Zielinhalt und –fokus gemeinsam untersucht werden.
Simulated Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Freezing and Thawing Fronts in CAS‐FGOALS‐g3
Authors: Li Ruichao , Xie Jinbo , Xie Zhenghui , Gao Junqiang , Jia Binghao , Qin Peihua , Li Lijuan , Wang Bin , Yu Yongqiang , Dong Li , Wang Longhuan , Wang Yan , Liu Bin , Chen Si 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we implement a new frozen‐soil parameterization scheme into the climate system model CAS‐FGOALS‐g3 to investigate the dynamic changes of freezing and thawing fronts and the effects arising from thermal processes and climate. Simulations are conducted using the developed model to validate its performance relative to multi‐source observations. It is shown that the model could reasonably reproduce soil freezing and thawing processes, including dynamic changes in freezing and thawing fronts. The historical simulation shows that the maximum freeze depth increases with an increase of latitude in seasonally frozen ground, and the active layer thickness decreases with an increase of latitude in permafrost regions. The active layer thickness shows increasing trends while the maximum freeze depth shows decreasing trends, which is consistent with change in the 2‐m air temperature. In conclusion, these results have the potential to further deepen our understanding of the freeze‐thaw cycle process and the historical response of permafrost to climate change.
A Global Set of Subduction Zone Earthquake Scenarios and Recurrence Intervals Inferred From Geodetically Constrained Block Models of Interseismic Coupling Distributions
Authors: Graham Shannon E. , Loveless John P. , Meade Brendan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe past 100 years have seen the occurrence of five earthquakes and 94 earthquakes. Here we assess the potential for future great earthquakes using inferences of interseismic subduction zone coupling from a global block model incorporating both tectonic plate motions and earthquake cycle effects. Interseismic earthquake cycle effects are represented using a first‐order quasistatic elastic approximation and include of interacting fault system area across the globe. We use estimated spatial variations in decadal‐duration coupling at 15 subduction zones and the Himalayan range front to estimate the locations and magnitudes of potential seismic events using empirical scaling relationships relating coupled area to moment magnitude. As threshold coupling values increase, estimates of potential earthquake magnitudes decrease, but the total number of large earthquakes varies non‐monotonically. These rupture scenarios include as many as 14 recent or potential earthquakes globally and up to 18 distinct events associated with a single subduction zone (South America). We also combine estimated slip deficit rates and potential event magnitudes to calculate recurrence intervals for large earthquake scenarios, finding that almost all potential earthquakes would have a recurrence time of less than 1,000 years.
Seawater Chemistry and Hydrothermal Controls on the Cenozoic Osmium Cycle
Authors: Katchinoff Joachim A. R. , Syverson Drew D. , Planavsky Noah J. , Evans Erica S. J. , Rooney Alan D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsmium isotope ratios are a key tool to track changes in global weathering and carbon cycle evolution through time. Long‐term changes in seawater Os isotope records over the Cenozoic have been used to argue for changes in weathering from increased uplift, leading to long‐term global cooling. Sulfide mineral precipitation during hydrothermal circulation traps the majority of mantle‐derived Os within mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal systems. Building from evidence that the amount of sulfide mineral precipitation in the subseafloor of MOR systems is related to the amount of sulfate and calcium in seawater, we show that as seawater chemistry changed through time, so too has the extent of hydrothermal sulfide formation and the global Os cycle. With currently estimated changes in seawater Ca/SO4 ratios, the observed progressive increase in seawater Os isotope values through the Cenozoic can be linked to changes in seawater chemistry—instead of a major shift in continental weathering processes.
Large‐Scale Forcing Impact on the Development of Shallow Convective Clouds Revealed From LASSO Large‐Eddy Simulations
Authors: Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Xue Lulin , Li Weiwei , Firl Grant , D’Amico Daniel F. , Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Ek Michael B. , Chu Yufei , Wang Zhien , Gustafson William I. , Vogelmann Andrew M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReal‐world large‐eddy simulations (LES) are driven by time‐varying large‐scale forcings (LSF)—e.g., temperature advection, moisture advection, and subsidence—derived from large‐scale weather models. This study investigates the impact of the uncertainty in LSF on real‐world LES in terms of the development of shallow convection at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory for the June 11, 2016 case using LES provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's LES ARM Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) activity. The LASSO data set provides an ensemble of LES for the selected case, which consists of LES runs that were driven by different LSF. The two contrasting LES runs investigated here generate different types of convective clouds, i.e., nonprecipitating shallow clouds and precipitating cumulus congestus, mainly due to the difference of LSF in temperature advection in the free troposphere. The temperature advection modulates the strength of the capping inversion and therefore the buoyancy of the air parcels rising from the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The inversion, together with large‐scale updrafts, controls the penetration of the ABL thermals into the free troposphere, leading to cumulus congestus in the case of a weaker inversion. In contrast, clouds remain shallow in the case of a strong inversion. Differences between the two simulations are amplified over time, as mixed‐phase clouds are formed near the top of the congestus in the weaker inversion case. This high dependency of LES results to LSF stresses the importance of accurate LSF by large‐scale models to real‐world LES simulations.
Conceptualizing Biogeochemical Reactions With an Ohm's Law Analogy
Authors: Tang Jinyun , Riley William J. , Marschmann Gianna L. , Brodie Eoin L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn studying problems like plant‐soil‐microbe interactions in environmental biogeochemistry and ecology, one usually has to quantify and model how substrates control the growth of, and interaction among, biological organisms (and abiotic factors, e.g., adsorptive mineral soil surfaces). To address these substrate‐consumer relationships, many substrate kinetics and growth rules have been developed, including the famous Monod kinetics for single‐substrate‐based growth and Liebig's law of the minimum for multiple‐nutrient‐colimited growth. However, the mechanistic basis that leads to these various concepts and mathematical formulations and the implications of their parameters are often quite uncertain. Here, we show that an analogy based on Ohm's law in electric circuit theory is able to unify many of these different concepts and mathematical formulations. In this Ohm's law analogy, a resistor is defined by a combination of consumers’ and substrates’ kinetic traits. In particular, the resistance is equal to the mean first passage time that has been used to derive the Michaelis‐Menten kinetics under substrate replete conditions for a single substrate as well as the predation rate of individual organisms. We further show that this analogy leads to important insights on various biogeochemical problems, such as (a) multiple‐nutrient‐colimited biological growth, (b) denitrification, (c) fermentation under aerobic conditions, (d) metabolic temperature sensitivity, and (e) the legitimacy of Monod kinetics for describing bacterial growth. We expect that our approach will help both modelers and nonmodelers to better understand and formulate hypotheses when studying certain aspects of environmental biogeochemistry and ecology.
Systematic review and meta-analysis determining the benefits of in vivo genetic therapy in spinal muscular atrophy rodent models
Authors: Chilcott Ellie M. , Muiruri Evalyne W. , Hirst Theodore C. , Yáñez-Muñoz Rafael J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe childhood neuromuscular disease for which two genetic therapies, Nusinersen (Spinraza, an antisense oligonucleotide), and AVXS-101 (Zolgensma, an adeno-associated viral vector of serotype 9 AAV9), have recently been approved. We investigated the pre-clinical development of SMA genetic therapies in rodent models and whether this can predict clinical efficacy. We have performed a systematic review of relevant publications and extracted median survival and details of experimental design. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate and compare efficacy. We stratified by experimental design (type of genetic therapy, mouse model, route and time of administration) and sought any evidence of publication bias. 51 publications were identified containing 155 individual comparisons, comprising 2573 animals in total. Genetic therapies prolonged survival in SMA mouse models by 3.23-fold (95% CI 2.75–3.79) compared to controls. Study design characteristics accounted for significant heterogeneity between studies and greatly affected observed median survival ratios. Some evidence of publication bias was found. These data are consistent with the extended average lifespan of Spinraza- and Zolgensma-treated children in the clinic. Together, these results support that SMA has been particularly amenable to genetic therapy approaches and highlight SMA as a trailblazer for therapeutic development.