bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of industrial clusters on SMEs earliness and postentry speed: Exploring the role of innovation activities
Authors: Mendes Telma , Braga Vítor , Silva Carina , Ratten Vanessa , Braga Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the existing contributions on the economic and social relevance of industrial clusters in the firms' internationalization, research on these topics is still scarce and, particularly, controversial at an empirical level. This study contributes to the extant literature on international development, proposing to explore the impact that industrial clusters and innovation activities exert in the most relevant temporal dimension of the firm's foreign expansion—internationalization speed (earliness and postentry speed). Further, this research seeks to ascertain whether the relationship between industrial clusters and internationalization speed is significantly different for low and high‐technology businesses. Based on a sample of 3,537 Portuguese firms, collected in the SABI database, the results suggest that firms belonging to industrial clusters and developing innovation activities tend to exhibit a higher postentry speed, not observing the same impact in terms of early internationalization. The findings also reveal that low‐technology firms have an additional incentive to become involved in industrial clusters, since these actions will be reflected to a greater extent in their postentry speed than those of high‐technology firms.
Competition-free gaps are essential for the germination and recruitment of alpine species along an elevation gradient in the European Alps
Authors: Margreiter Vera , Walde Janette , Erschbamer Brigitta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeed germination and seedling recruitment are key processes in the life cycle of plants. They enable populations to grow, migrate, or persist. Both processes are under environmental control and influenced by site conditions and plant–plant interactions. Here, we present the results of a seed-sowing experiment performed along an elevation gradient (2000–2900 m a.s.l.) in the European eastern Alps. We monitored the germination of seeds and seedling recruitment for 2 years. Three effects were investigated: effects of sites and home sites (seed origin), effects of gaps, and plant–plant interactions. Seeds of eight species originating from two home sites were transplanted to four sites (home site and ± in elevation). Seed sowing was performed in experimentally created gaps. These gap types (‘gap + roots’, ‘neighbor + roots’, and ‘no-comp’) provided different plant–plant interactions and competition intensities. We observed decreasing germination with increasing elevation, independent of the species home sites. Competition-released gaps favored recruitment, pointing out the important role of belowground competition and soil components in recruitment. In gaps with one neighboring species, neutral plant–plant interactions occurred (with one exception). However, considering the relative vegetation cover of each experimental site, high vegetation cover resulted in positive effects on recruitment at higher sites and neutral effects at lower sites. All tested species showed intraspecific variability when responding to the experimental conditions. We discuss our findings considering novel site and climatic conditions.
Opportunities and limits of controlled-environment plant phenotyping for climate response traits
Authors: Langstroff Anna , Heuermann Marc C. , Stahl Andreas , Junker Astrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will affect agricultural production substantially, exposing crops to extended and more intense periods of stress. Therefore, breeding of varieties adapted to the constantly changing conditions is pivotal to enable a quantitatively and qualitatively adequate crop production despite the negative effects of climate change. As it is not yet possible to select for adaptation to future climate scenarios in the field, simulations of future conditions in controlled-environment (CE) phenotyping facilities contribute to the understanding of the plant response to special stress conditions and help breeders to select ideal genotypes which cope with future conditions. CE phenotyping facilities enable the collection of traits that are not easy to measure under field conditions and the assessment of a plant‘s phenotype under repeatable, clearly defined environmental conditions using automated, non-invasive, high-throughput methods. However, extrapolation and translation of results obtained under controlled environments to field environments is ambiguous. This review outlines the opportunities and challenges of phenotyping approaches under controlled environments complementary to conventional field trials. It gives an overview on general principles and introduces existing phenotyping facilities that take up the challenge of obtaining reliable and robust phenotypic data on climate response traits to support breeding of climate-adapted crops.
The potential impact of hydrodynamic leveling on the quality of the European vertical reference frame
Authors: Afrasteh Y. , Slobbe D. C. , Verlaan M. , Sacher M. , Klees R. , Guarneri H. , Keyzer L. , Pietrzak J. , Snellen M. , Zijl F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe first objective of this paper is to assess by means of geodetic network analyses the impact of adding model-based hydrodynamic leveling data to the Unified European Leveling Network (UELN) data on the precision and reliability of the European Vertical Reference Frame (EVRF). In doing so, we used variance information from the latest UELN adjustment. The model-based hydrodynamic leveling data are assumed to be obtained from not-yet existing hydrodynamic models covering either all European seas surrounding the European mainland or parts of it that provide the required mean water level with uniform precision. A heuristic search algorithm was implemented to identify the set of hydrodynamic leveling connections that provide the lowest median of the propagated height standard deviations. In the scenario in which we only allow for connections between tide gauges located in the same sea basin, all having a precision of 3 cm, the median of the propagated height standard deviations improved by$$38\%$$38%compared to the spirit leveling-only solution. Except for the countries around the Black Sea, coastal countries benefit the most with a maximum improvement of$$60\%$$60%for Great Britain. We also found decreased redundancy numbers for the observations in the coastal areas and over the entire Great Britain. Allowing for connections between tide gauges among all European seas increased the impact to 42%. Lowering the precision of the hydrodynamic leveling data lowers the impact. The results show, however, that even in case the assumed precision is 5 cm, the overall improvement is still 29%. The second objective is to identify which tide gauges are most profitable in terms of impact. Our results show that these are the ones located in Sweden in which most height markers are located. The impact, however, hardly depends on the geographic location of the tide gauges within a country.
Predation risk increases in estuarine bivalves stressed by low salinity
Authors: Domínguez Rula , Vázquez Elsa , Smallegange Isabel M. , Woodin Sarah A. , Wethey David S. , Peteiro Laura G. , Olabarria Celia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalinity drops in estuaries after heavy rains are expected to increase in frequency and intensity over the next decades, with physiological and ecological consequences for the inhabitant organisms. It was investigated whether low salinity stress increases predation risk on three relevant commercial bivalves in Europe. In laboratory, juveniles of Venerupis corrugata, Cerastoderma edule, and the introduced Ruditapes philippinarum were subjected to low salinities (5, 10 and control 35) during two consecutive days and, afterwards, exposed to one of two common predators in the shellfish beds: the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the gastropod Bolinus brandaris, a non-indigenous species present in some Galician shellfish beds. Two types of choice experiment were done: one offering each predator one prey species previously exposed to one of the three salinities, and the other offering each predator the three prey species at the same time, previously exposed to one of the three salinities. Consumption of both predators and predatory behaviour of C. maenas (handling time, rejections, consumption rate) were measured. Predation rates and foraging behaviour differed, with B. brandaris being more generalist than C. maenas. Still, both predators consumed significantly more stressed (salinity 5 and 10) than non-stressed prey. The overall consumption of the native species C. edule and V. corrugata was greater than that of R. philippinarum, likely due to their vulnerability to low salinity and physical traits (e.g., thinner shell, valve gape). Increasing precipitations can alter salinity gradients in shellfish beds, and thus affect the population dynamics of harvested bivalves via predator–prey interactions.
KD determination from time-resolved experiments on live cells with LigandTracer and reconciliation with end-point flow cytometry measurements
Authors: Spiegelberg Diana , Stenberg Jonas , Richalet Pascale , Vanhove Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesign of next-generation therapeutics comes with new challenges and emulates technology and methods to meet them. Characterizing the binding of either natural ligands or therapeutic proteins to cell-surface receptors, for which relevant recombinant versions may not exist, represents one of these challenges. Here we report the characterization of the interaction of five different antibody therapeutics (Trastuzumab, Rituximab, Panitumumab, Pertuzumab, and Cetuximab) with their cognate target receptors using LigandTracer. The method offers the advantage of being performed on live cells, alleviating the need for a recombinant source of the receptor. Furthermore, time-resolved measurements, in addition to allowing the determination of the affinity of the studied drug to its target, give access to the binding kinetics thereby providing a full characterization of the system. In this study, we also compared time-resolved LigandTracer data with end-point KD determination from flow cytometry experiments and hypothesize that discrepancies between these two approaches, when they exist, generally come from flow cytometry titration curves being acquired prior to full equilibration of the system. Our data, however, show that knowledge of the kinetics of the interaction allows to reconcile the data obtained by flow cytometry and LigandTracer and demonstrate the complementarity of these two methods.
The Lodwick classification for grading growth rate of lytic bone tumors: a decision tree approach
Authors: Benndorf Matthias , Bamberg Fabian , Jungmann Pia M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe estimation of growth rate of lytic bone tumors based on conventional radiography has been extensively studied. While benign tumors exhibit slow growth, malignant tumors are more likely to show fast growth. The most frequently used algorithm for grading of growth rate on conventional radiography was published by Gwilym Lodwick. Based on the evaluation of the four descriptors (1) type of bone destruction (including the subdescriptor “margin” for geographic lesions), (2) penetration of cortex, (3) presence of a sclerotic rim, and (4) expanded shell, an overall growth grade (IA, IB, IC, II, III) can be assigned, with higher grade representing faster tumor growth. In this article, we provide an easy-to-use decision tree of Lodwick’s original grading algorithm, suitable for teaching of students and residents. Subtleties of the grading algorithm and potential pitfalls in clinical practice are explained and illustrated. Exemplary conventional radiographs provided for each descriptor in the decision tree may be used as a guide and atlas for assisting in evaluation of individual features in daily clinical practice.
Robotic Dual‐Console Distal Pancreatectomy: Could it be Considered a Safe Approach and Surgical Teaching even in Pancreatic Surgery? A Retrospective Observational Study Cohort
Authors: De Pastena M. , Salvia R. , Paiella S. , Deiro G. , Bannone E. , Balduzzi A. , Giuliani T. , Casetti L. , Ramera M. , Filippini C. , Montagnini G. , Landoni L. , Esposito A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of the robotic dual‐console during a robotic distal pancreatectomyMethodsThe data of the consecutive patients submitted to RDP from 2012 to 2019 at the Verona University were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. The patients submitted to RDP were divided into the dual‐console platform group (DG) and compared to the standard robotic procedure group (SG).ResultsIn the study period, 102 robotic distal pancreatectomies were performed, of whom 42 patients (41%) belonged to the DG and 60 patients (59%) to the SG. Higher operation time was recorded in the DG compared to the SG (410 vs. 265 min, p < 0.001). The overall conversion rate of the series was 7% (n 7 patients). All the conversions were observed in the SG (p = 0.021). No differences in morbidity or pancreatic fistula rate were recorded (p > 0.05). No mortality events in the 90th postoperative days were reported in this series.ConclusionsThe robotic dual‐console approach for distal pancreatectomy is safe, feasible, and reproducible. The postoperative surgical outcomes are comparable to the standard RDP with the single‐console da Vinci Surgical System®. This surgical technique can widely and safely improve the robotic surgical training program.
Pulmonary Hamartoma Associated With Lung Cancer (PHALC Study): Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , D’Andrilli Antonio , Carlucci Annalisa , Vicidomini Giovanni , Argento Giacomo , Trabalza Marinucci Beatrice , Ardissone Francesco , Rapanà Roberta , Sobrero Simona , Carbognani Paolo , Ventura Luigi , Bocchialini Giovanni , Ragusa Mark , Tassi Valentina , Sollitto Francesco , Loizzi Domenico , Ardò Nicoletta Pia , Anile Marco , Puma Francesco , Rendina Erino Angelo , Venuta Federico , Serra Nicola , Santini Mario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Pulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lung. We analyzed a 20-year historical series of patients with pulmonary hamartoma undergoing surgical resection, aiming to evaluate the characteristics, the outcomes, and the association between hamartoma and lung cancer.

Methods
It was a retrospective multicenter study including the data of all consecutive patients with pulmonary hamartoma undergoing surgical resection. The end-points were to evaluate: (i) the characteristics of hamartoma, (ii) outcomes, and (iii) whether hamartoma was a predictive factor for lung cancer development

Results
Our study population included 540 patients. Upfront surgical or endoscopic resection was performed in 385 (71%) cases while in the remaining 155 (29%) cases, the lesions were resected 20 ± 3.5 months later due to increase in size. In most cases, lung sparing resection was carried out including enucleation (n = 259; 48%) and wedge resection (n = 230; 43%) while 5 (1%) patients underwent endoscopic resection. Only two patients (0, 2%) had major complications. One patient (0.23%) had recurrence after endoscopic resection, while no cases of malignant degeneration were seen (mean follow-up:103.3 ± 93 months). Seventy-six patients (14%) had associated lung cancer, synchronous in 9 (12%) and metachronous in 67 (88%). Only age > 70-year-old (p = 0.0059) and smokers > 20 cigarettes/day (p < 0.0001) were the significant risk factors for lung cancer.

Conclusion
PH was a benign tumor, with no evidence of recurrence and/or of malignant degeneration after resection. The association between hamartoma and lung cancer was a spurious phenomenon due to common risk factors.
On the heat content functional and its critical domains
Authors: Savo Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study and classify smooth bounded domains in an analytic Riemannian manifold which are critical for the heat content at all times $$t>0$$

t
>
0

. We do that by first computing the first variation of the heat content, and then showing that $$\Omega $$
Ω
is critical if and only if it has the so-called constant flow property, so that we can use a previous classification result established in [33] and [34]. The outcome is that $$\Omega $$
Ω
is critical for the heat content at time t, for all $$t>0$$

t
>
0

, if and only if $$\Omega $$
Ω
admits an isoparametric foliation, that is, a foliation whose leaves are all parallel to the boundary and have constant mean curvature. Then, we consider the sequence of functionals given by the exit-time moments $$T_1(\Omega ),T_2(\Omega ),\dots $$

T
1

(
Ω
)

,

T
2

(
Ω
)

,
⋯

, which generalize the torsional rigidity $$T_1$$

T
1

. We prove that $$\Omega $$
Ω
is critical for all $$T_k$$

T
k

if and only if $$\Omega $$
Ω
is critical for the heat content at every time t, and then we get a classification as well. The main purpose of the paper is to understand the variational properties of general isoparametric foliations and their role in PDE’s theory; in some respects they generalize the properties of the foliation of $$\mathbf{R}^{n}$$

R

n

by Euclidean spheres.
Current state of social media utilization in neurosurgery amongst European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) member countries
Authors: Nouri Aria , Haemmerli Julien , Lavé Alexandre , Vayssiere Pia , Constanthin Paul , Al-Awadhi Abdullah , Zegarek Gregory , Janssen Insa , Clusmann Hans , Freyschlag Christian F. , Goldberg Johannes , Czabanka Marcus , Stienen Martin N. , Bijlenga Philippe , Schaller Karl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Social Media (SoMe) is becoming increasingly used in the medical community, and its use has been related with academic productivity. However, utilization of SoMe in the European neurosurgical community has not been assessed systematically.

Methods
An online search was undertaken to discover SoMe accounts of (1) national and related neurosurgical societies listed on the EANS website, (2) neurosurgical journals present on EANS website, (3) neurosurgery centers within EANS member countries, as listed on their website. SoMe accounts of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram were searched for journals and societies, and Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook for neurosurgery departments. The number of likes/followers/subscribers was recorded.

Results
Five (31%) neurosurgery journals had a SoMe presence. The highest number of followers, likes, and tweets was found for JNNP, and Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B had the most subscribers and video views. SoMe usage was identified for 11 national (28.2%) and 2 multi-national neurosurgical societies. From these, the French Society of Neurosurgery had the largest number of Facebook followers (> 2800) and Likes (> 2700), the Society of British Neurological Surgeons had the largest number of Twitter followers (> 2850), whereas EANS overall had the most followers on Twitter > 5100 and Facebook > 5450. A total of 87 SoMe neurosurgery center accounts were found on either Facebook, Instagram or Twitter, for 64 of 1000 centers (6.4%) in 22 of 40 different countries (55%). Of these 67% (n = 43/64) arose from 6 countries (England, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine). There were more Facebook accounts (n = 42) than Instagram accounts (n = 23) or Twitter accounts (n = 22).

Conclusion
SoMe use amongst neurosurgical societies and departments in Europe is very limited. From our perspective, explanations are lacking for the correlated numbers to the market shares of SoMe in the respective countries. Further research, including a survey, to follow up on this important topic should be undertaken among EANS members.
Circulation pattern controls of wet days and dry days in Free State, South Africa
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtmospheric circulation is a vital process in the transport of heat, moisture, and pollutants around the globe. The variability of rainfall depends to some extent on the atmospheric circulation. This paper investigates synoptic situations in southern Africa that can be associated with wet days and dry days in Free State, South Africa, in addition to the underlying dynamics. Principal component analysis was applied to the T-mode matrix (variable is time series and observation is grid points at which the field was observed) of daily mean sea level pressure field from 1979 to 2018 in classifying the circulation patterns in southern Africa. 18 circulation types (CTs) were classified in the study region. From the linkage of the CTs to the observed rainfall data, from 11 stations in Free State, it was found that dominant austral winter and late austral autumn CTs have a higher probability of being associated with dry days in Free State. Dominant austral summer and late austral spring CTs were found to have a higher probability of being associated with wet days in Free State. Cyclonic/anti-cyclonic activity over the southwest Indian Ocean, explained to a good extent, the inter-seasonal variability of rainfall in Free State. The synoptic state associated with a stronger anti-cyclonic circulation at the western branch of the South Indian Ocean high-pressure, during austral summer, leading to enhanced low-level moisture transport by southeast winds was found to have the highest probability of being associated with above-average rainfall in most regions in Free State. On the other hand, the synoptic state associated with enhanced transport of cold dry air, by the extratropical westerlies, was found to have the highest probability of being associated with (winter) dryness in Free State.
Winter survival of the unicellular green alga Micrasterias denticulata: insights from field monitoring and simulation experiments
Authors: Steiner Philip , Buchner Othmar , Andosch Ancuela , Holzinger Andreas , Lütz-Meindl Ursula , Neuner Gilbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeat bog pools around Tamsweg (Lungau, Austria) are typical habitats of the unicellular green algaMicrasterias denticulata. By measurement of water temperature and irradiation throughout a 1-year period (2018/2019), it was intended to assess the natural environmental strain in winter. Freezing resistance ofMicrasteriascells and their ability to frost harden and become tolerant to ice encasement were determined after natural hardening and exposure to a cold acclimation treatment that simulated the natural temperature decrease in autumn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed in laboratory-cultivated cells, after artificial cold acclimation treatment and in cells collected from field. Throughout winter, the peat bog pools inhabited byMicrasteriasremained unfrozen. Despite air temperature minima down to −17.3 °C, the water temperature was mostly close to +0.8 °C. The alga was unable to frost harden, and upon ice encasement, the cells showed successive frost damage. Despite an unchanged freezing stress tolerance, significant ultrastructural changes were observed in field-sampled cells and in response to the artificial cold acclimation treatment: organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and thylakoids of the chloroplast showed distinct membrane bloating. Still, in the field samples, the Golgi apparatus appeared in an impeccable condition, and multivesicular bodies were less frequently observed suggesting a lower overall stress strain. The observed ultrastructural changes in winter and after cold acclimation are interpreted as cytological adjustments to winter or a resting state but are not related to frost hardening asMicrasteriascells were unable to improve their freezing stress tolerance.