bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Antibiotics Exposure Within the First 2 Years After Birth with Subsequent Childhood Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Dahye , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Park Young Jun , Kim Jae Hyun , Park Sang Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Antibiotics prescription in early life can cause dysbiosis, an imbalance of gut microbiota. We aimed to reveal the relationship between antibiotics exposure during the first 2 years after birth and type 1 diabetes risk in children under 8 years of age using a nationally representative data from South Korea. Methods: The final study population consisted of 63,434 children from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database from 2008 to 2015. The primary exposure of interest was antibiotics prescription in first 2 years after birth. The analysis was conducted with cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD; 0-29, 30-59, ≥ 60 cDDD), the number of antibiotics classes (0-3, 4, ≥ 5 classes), and age at first antibiotics prescription (0-119, 120-239, ≥ 240 days). Age, sex, household income, and overweight were considered as potential confounding covariates. Results: Compared to those within the less than 30 cDDD, other groups that were prescribed more antibiotics did not have a significant difference in diabetes risk (aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.37-2.02 in ≥ 60 cDDD). The number of antibiotics classes and age at first antibiotics prescriptions were also not associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes. The development of diabetes was not related to the cDDD, the number of antibiotics classes, and age at first antibiotics prescription according to subgroup analysis which was stratified by overweight. Conclusions: Antibiotics exposure within the first 2 years of life was not associated with subsequent diabetes risk. Future studies using a larger number of long-term follow-up data are needed.
Effect of Multifocal Intraocular Lens on Contrast Sensitivity in Primary Angle-Closure Patients
Authors: Kitnarong Naris , Dagvadorj Dovchinjamts 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) has been reported to improve visual acuity, and to reduce postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of required medications. Few studies have reported the use of multifocal IOL (MIOL) in PACG. Since both MIOL and glaucoma can decrease contrast sensitivity (CS), this study was to evaluate the effect of MIOL implantation on CS compared to monofocal IOL (mIOL) in primary angle-closure (PAC) or PACG.Methods: This prospective study included patients with PAC or PACG and visually significant cataract. Phacoemulsification with MIOL or mIOL (patient preference) was performed. Collected data included best-corrected distant visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and contrast sensitivity (CS) measured at spatial frequency 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0 cycles per degree (CPD) preoperatively, and at 2-6 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were then compared. Results: Of the 45 eyes from 35 patients that were enrolled, 33 eyes (15 PAC, 18 PACG) from 26 patients completed the study. Fourteen eyes (11 patients) received diffractive MIOL, and 19 eyes (15 patients) received aspheric mIOL. Preoperative CS was not significantly different between groups. Postoperatively, BCVA, and CS at each spatial frequency were significantly improved in both groups (all p<0.001). Mean postoperative CS at spatial frequency 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0 CPD was 28.03, 42.63, 44.84, 10.82, and 2.86 in the MIOL group, and 29.55, 49.63, 46.20, 16.83, and 7.09 in the mIOL group, both respectively. Postoperative CS was not significant different between groups at any spatial frequencies. IOP was decreased (p=0.001) and ACD increased (p<0.001) postoperatively in both groups. Conclusion: No significant difference in contrast sensitivity was observed between MIOL and mIOL after cataract removal in PAC/PACG. Multifocal IOL can be considered in primary angle-closure eyes.
Synthesis of Bioactive Fluoropyrrolidines via Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Xu Xiao , Bao Longzhu , Ran Lu , Yang Zhenyan , Yan Dingce , Wang Chun-Jiang , Teng Huailong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chiral pyrrolidinyl units are important building blocks in biologically active natural products and drugs, thereupon, searching approaches for the synthesis of diverse structured pyrrolidine derivatives is of great importance. Meanwhile, owing to the special physicochemical properties of fluorine atoms, the introduction of fluorine containing groups into small molecules often change their activities to a great extent. Herein, we reported an efficient route to chiral 3,3-difluoro- and 3,3,4-trifluoropyrrodinyl derivatives by Cu(I)-catalyzed enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with less active 1,1-difluoro- and 1,1,2-trifluoroalkenes. A series of new fluorinated pyrrolidines have been prepared in high yields (up to 96%) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to > 20:1 dr and 97% ee), and these unique structural blocks could be readily introduced into some natural compounds and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, antifungal activity investigation against four common plant funguses showed that some products possess general and high biological activities (up to 93% inhibition rate), the comparison with the antifungal activities of corresponding non-fluorinated compounds (low to 13% inhibition rate) revealed that the fluorine atoms at pyrrolidinyl rings play a crucial role in the antifungal activity, which prove the special properties of fluorine atoms in organic molecules.
The role of predator removal by fishing on ocean carbon dynamics
Authors: Stafford Rick , Boakes Zach , Hall Alice , Jones Georgia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ocean is a net sequester of carbon dioxide, predominantly through low biomass, high productivity phytoplankton photosynthesis. Selective removal of predatory fish through extractive fishing alters the community structure of the ocean, with an increased biomass of more productive, low trophic level fish and higher overall respiration rates, despite possible decreases in total fish biomass. High pressure fishing on predators may result in as much as a 19% increase in respiration from fish communities and could prove highly significant in global carbon budgets.
Design and Synthesis of Fluorophore-Tagged Disparlure Enantiomers to Study Pheromone Enantiomer Discrimination in the Pheromone-Binding Proteins from the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria Dispar.
Authors: Pinnelli Govardhana R. , Plettner Erika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fluorescent analogues of the gypsy moth sex pheromone (+)-disparlure (1) and its enantiomer (-)-disparlure (ent-1) were designed, synthesized and characterized. The fluorescently labelled analogues 6-FAM (+)-disparlure 1a 6-FAM (-)-disparlure ent-1a were prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of disparlure alkyne and 6-FAM azide. These fluorescent disparlure analogues 1a ent-1a were used to measure the disparlure binding to two pheromone-binding proteins from the gypsy moth, LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2. The fluorescence binding assay using 6-FAM disparlure enantiomers 1a and ent-1a showed that the LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2 have different binding affinities with 1a and ent-1a. The LdisPBP1 has stronger affinity for 6-FAM (-)-disparlure ent-1a, whereas LdisPBP2 has stronger affinity for 6-FAM (+)-disparlure 1a, consistent with the findings from previous study with disparlure enantiomers. The 6-FAM disparlure enantiomers appeared to be much stronger ligands for LdisPBPs, with the binding constant (Kd) in nanomolar range, compared to the fluorescent reporter such as 1-NPN (which had Kd values in micromolar range). The fluorescence competitive binding assays were used to determine the displacement constant (Ki) for the disparlure enantiomers in competition with fluorescent disparlure analogues binding to LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2. The Ki data showed that disparlure enantiomers can effectively displace the fluorescent disparlure from the binding pocket of LdisPBPs.
Validation of a two-layer depth-averaged model by comparison with an experimental dilute stratified pyroclastic density current
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki A. , Koyaguchi Takehiro , Suzuki Yujiro J. , Brosch Ermanno , Lube Gert , Cerminara Matteo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Numerical results of a two-layer depth-averaged model of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were compared with an experimental PDC generated at the international eruption simulator facility (the Pyroclastic flow Eruption Large-scale Experiment; PELE) to establish a minimal dynamical model of PDCs with stratification of particle concentrations. In the present two-layer model, the stratification in PDCs is modeled as a voluminous dilute turbulent suspension layer with low particle volume fractions (<10-2) and a thin basal bedload layer with high particle volume fractions (~10-2) on the basis of the source condition in the experiment. Numerical results for the dilute layer quantitatively reproduce the time evolutions of the front position and body thickness of the dilute part in the experimental PDC. The numerical results of the bedload thickness and deposit mass depend on an assumed value of mean deposition speed at the bottom of the bedload (D). We show that the thicknesses of bedload and deposit in the simulations agree well with the experimental data, when D is set to about 3.5 x 10-4 m/s. This value of the deposition speed is two orders of magnitude smaller than that predicted by a hindered-settling model. The small value of D suggests that the erosion process accompanied by saltating/rolling of particles plays a role in the sedimentation in the bedload.
Universal Health Coverage Development in Thailand: How Global Ideas and a National Medical Professional Movement Made a Difference
Authors: Sukhampha Rangsan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Universal health coverage is endorsed as the global development agenda in the 2015 SDGs for global achievement by 2030 and is expected to build national policymaking agendas. Common research often focuses on national processes in the first place. For example, accounts of Thailand's health system development mostly emphasise domestic factors and influences rather than the linkage of external/global health ideas. The paper questions how external/global health ideas influence national health policymaking and the linkage between them in achieving Thailand's universal health coverage policy.Methods: A qualitative method was employed to capture complex and historical narratives of the national medical professional movement for Thailand's health system reform through the lens of a global social policy approach for exploring external and global health ideas transfer. Moreover, the actor- and policy entrepreneur approaches would be employed to investigate national health policymaking and examine how ideas from the external and global levels have improved national equity in health. Results: The research locates the narratives on global ideas and practices that influence a national health system reform. This highlights the impact/role of global ideas on national professional movements, i.e. the rural doctor movement in Thailand mobilising the health system reform for all. The study found that national equity in health could not be achieved without external/global health ideas transfer. Such a case of national universal health coverage achievement in Thailand happened with the effort of the rural doctor movement and individual agency as policy entrepreneurs in translating external/global ideas and practices for their movement and mobilisation. The case contributed to a better understanding of the global process regarding ideas and practices that can be transferred directly and indirectly to the national level. Conclusions: Global ideas transfer can also happen in different aspects such as it can be seen the ideas transfer from developed to developed countries; from developed to developing countries. Besides, the author witnessed that the IOs ideas can also be transferred to developing countries or reverse, and again, between developing countries themselves.
Parent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdissa Daba , Sileshi Workitu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSexual and reproductive health (SRH) is at the base of young people's living and wellbeing. A significant number of young peoples are affected by avoidable SRH problems due to a lack of appropriate knowledge regarding SRH. Parent-young communication on SRH is critical in informing them about risk and protective behaviors which in turn decrease the likelihood of involvement in risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the parent-young communication on SRH issues among secondary and preparatory school students at Agaro town, Southwestern Ethiopia. MethodsSchool based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 13 to April 20, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire entered into Epi data version 3.1; and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A variable having a p-value of <0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to avoid the confounding variable’s effect. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated at the 95% confidence interval and considered significant with a p-value of <0.05.ResultsA total of 315 students were included to the study. The mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.6 years. The study finding showed that 61.3% of the participants were discussed on SRH issues with their parents. Educational status of mother [primary education (AOR=3.67; 95%CI=1.93,6.97),secondary education(AOR:2.86;95%CI=1.20,6.80)],educational status of father[primary education (AOR=5.8;95%CI=2.8,12.3,secondary education (AOR=3.21; 95%CI=1.55,6.59)],having family size of <5 (AOR= 6.4; 95%CI= 3.36,12.37) and having boy/girlfriend(AOR=1.99; 95%CI=1.0,3.8) were significantly associated with parent-young people communication. ConclusionAbout two third of the participants communicate with their parents about SRH issues. Parents’ educational status, family size of <5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with the parent-young people communication. The main reasons for not communicated was cultural taboos, shame and parents lack of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to educate and equip students and parents to address the identified problems.
Ubiquitous Internet of Medical Things on Interoperable Ssn Ontology Platforms for E-Health Monitoring of Connected Objects
Authors: Gorrepati Rajani Reddy , Kim Do-Hyeun , Guntur Sitaramanjaneya Reddy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ubiquitous Internet of medical things (U-IoMT) technology is designed to predict the efficiency and quality of health care facilities by using various connected objects to support patient monitoring systems. U- IoMT is connected to devices such as RFID tags and several physical sensor devices (WSN) that collect real-time information. This technology is used to comprehend complex security-related tasks. The ubiquitous platform can be used to access smart health care information through mobile and electronic devices, allowing for faster diagnosis and higher service quality. In this study, we use ontology to describe the semantic representation of medical objects and their data in U-IoMT backup in this analysis. The healthcare system aims to examine patient prescriptions and drug supply chain management records. Emergency healthcare services are connected to smartphone-wearable devices of patients for monitoring purposes to reduce emergency cases and to maintain e-patient records. The mobile health application aims to maintain the health status of a patient wherever the patient is located. The semantic sensor networks (SSN) architecture uses peer-to-peer communication to achieve semantic interoperability, which is described as interoperable IoMT platforms. A framework of SSN and the context-awareness layer was additionally created for visualization of patient remote health monitoring, drug management, patient moment analysis, and patient tracking were monitored using various devices, e-health was used to demonstrate the chronic diseases.
Sybil Attack with RSU Detection and Location Privacy in Urban VANETs- an Efficient EPORP Technique
Authors: Velayudhan Nitha C , A Anitha , Madanan Mukesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has received interest in the research because it is used to provide the information for drivers and passengers. In the urban VANET, security and safety is a main issue in recent days because of different kinds of attacks. From the attacks, Sybil attack can be considered as a very difficult for urban VANET networks. Hence, in this paper Emperor Penguin Optimization based Routing protocol (EPORP) is developed for detecting the Sybil attack as well as increasing the system performance. The main objective of the research is detecting the Sybil attack as well as improve the security in VANETS. The initial objective is achieved with the help of Rumour riding technique which detect the Sybil attack in the urban VANET. Similarly, the security of the system is achieved with the help of Split XOR (SXOR) operation. In the SXOR operation, the optimal key is generated with the assistance of Emperor Penguin Optimization (EPO). The proposed method is implemented in NS2 platform and performances are evaluated by metrics such as delay, throughput, delay, encryption time and decryption time. The proposed method is compared with existing methods such as Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) respectively. While analyzing the delivery ratio, the proposed method has 0.96sec and the WOA, PSO and FA is 0.94, 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. From the analysis, the proposed method has the high delivery ratio value compared with the WOA, PSO and FA methods. Similarly, the other parameters are analyzed and compared with the existing methods.
Sevoflurane Exposure of Clinical Dose in Pregnant Rat Induces Vcan Changes Without Significant Neural Apoptosis in the Offspring
Authors: Jin Yi , Wei Yu , Hu Xiaoxue , Meng Fanhua , Luo Qing , Chen Zhilan , yang zeyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background: Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalational anesthetic in clinic. Prolonged exposure to sevoflurane can induce significant changes in lipid metabolism and neuronal damage in the developing brain. However, the effect of sevoflurane exposure of clinical dose in pregnant rat remains unclear. Results: The following study was to explore lipidomics and transcriptomics changes related to 2% sevoflurane exposure for 6h in the developing brain of newborn offspring rats. UPLC/TOF-MS(Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) and RNA-seq analysis was used to acquire metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the expression of the coding and non-coding transcripts in neural cells of cerebral cortex. No significant differences in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), arterial blood gas were found between groups. RSDs(Relative Standard Deviation) of retention times were < 1.53%, and RSDs of peak areas ranged from 2.13% to 8.51%. BPC profiles showed no differences between groups. We evaluated the Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model: in negative ion mode: R2X, over 70%: R2Y, over 93%: Q2 (cum), over 80%; Cell apoptosis was not remarkably enhanced by TUNEL and HE staining in sevoflurane exposure in comparison to control group(P>0.05). Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism disturbance might have adverse influence on neurodevelopment in offspring. The expression of mRNAs (Vcan gene, related to neuronal development, function, and repair) of sevoflurane group were significantly increased in the differential genes by qRT-PCR verification. Conclusions: glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism homeostasis may be potential therapeutic approaches against inhalational anesthetics-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, sevoflurane induced Vcan changes, which indicate some lipidomics and transcriptomics changes was happened even if neural cell apoptosis was not significantly changed in usual clinical dose of sevoflurane exposure.
Motivational factors of pro-environmental behaviors among information technology professionals
Authors: Ojo Adedapo Oluwaseyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Following research on the significance of employees’ behaviors in a firm’s environmental initiatives, this study explores the motivational factors that influence information technology (IT) professionals’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs). Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), autonomous and controlled motivations were posited as determinants of PEBs, and the green human resource management (GHRM) literature was integrated to examine the direct and indirect effects of GHRM practices. The hypothesized model was tested using data collected from 333 IT professionals in Malaysia. The results supported the view that autonomous motivation and GHRM practices have significant effects on PEBs. Furthermore, GHRM was a significant moderator of the effects of autonomous motivation on PEBs. On the contrary, the hypotheses that controlled motivation had a constraining effect, and GHRM has a moderating effect on PEBs were not supported. The present findings demonstrate that IT professionals’ PEBs are associated with environmental practices based on interest and value. Thus, this study extends the SDT by incorporating GHRM literature to deepen the understanding of the motivational factors of PEBs among a sample of IT professionals.
Modeling the Determinant of Time to Age at First Marriage among Women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects
Authors: Gobena Molalign Gualu , Berhan Yebelay Berelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Time to age at first marriage of women is the duration of time until the age at which they started living with their first partner. Time to age at first marriage is widely considered a proxy indicator for the age at which women begin to be exposed to the risks inherent in sexual activity. The purpose is to model the determinant of time to age at first marriage among women in Ethiopia using Cox models with mixed effects.
Methods
The 2016 EDHS sample was selected using a two-stage cluster design. The data set in this study were obtained from the Demography and Health survey conducted in Ethiopia in 2016. In this study, we used Cox models with mixed effects.
Results
Of all 15,683 women aged 15–49, 11,405(72.72%) were married and the median & mean age at first marriage for women living in Ethiopia were 17 years and 18 years respectively.
Conclusions
Based on the AIC criterion Cox frailty survival model (log-normal frailty distribution) was selected among Cox models with mixed effects as a better fit for the dataset. Analyzing based on the selected model showed that residence of women, educational level of women, head occupation, work status of women & head educational level were the most significant factors and religion of women, access to media of women & wealth index of a household were not significant factors at 5% level of significance. The clustering effect was significant and hence there was heterogeneity among the regions on age at first marriage.