bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing circumnuclear starbursts in the local universe with the VLA
Authors: Song Yiqing , Linden Sean T. , Evans Aaron S. , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Murphy Eric J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNuclear rings are excellent laboratories to study star formation (SF) under extreme conditions. We compiled a sample of 9 galaxies that exhibit bright nuclear rings at 3-33 GHz radio continuum observed with the Jansky Very Large Array, of which 5 are normal star-forming galaxies and 4 are Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs). Using high frequency radio continuum as an extinction-free tracer of SF, we estimated the size and star formation rate of each nuclear ring and a total of 37 individual circumnuclear star-forming regions. Our results show that majority of the SF in the sample LIRGs take place in their nuclear rings, and circumnuclear SF in local LIRGs are much more spatially concentrated compared to those in the local normal galaxies and previously studied nuclear and extra-nuclear SF in normal galaxies at both low and high redshifts.
The merger-driven evolution of massive early-type galaxies
Authors: Cannarozzo Carlo , Nipoti Carlo , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Leauthaud Alexie , Huang Song , Diemer Benedikt , Oyarzún Grecco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evolution of the structural and kinematic properties of early-type galaxies (ETGs), their scaling relations, as well as their stellar metallicity and age contain precious information on the assembly history of these systems. We present results on the evolution of the stellar mass-velocity dispersion relation of ETGs, focusing in particular on the effects of some selection criteria used to define ETGs. We also try to shed light on the role that in-situ and ex-situ stellar populations have in massive ETGs, providing a possible explanation of the observed metallicity distributions.
Nuclear ionised outflows in a sample of 30 local galaxies
Authors: Ruschel-Dutra D. , Storchi-Bergmann T. , Schnorr-Müller A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is essential for building a coherent picture of the evolution of the super massive black hole and its host galaxy. To that end we have analysed the inner kiloparsec of a sample of 30 local AGN with spatially resolved optical spectroscopy. In this talk I will review the analysis of the ionised gas for the galaxies in our sample, including kinematical maps, emission line ratios and fluxes. The W80 kinematical index is used to trace outflows, and also to provide an estimate for the outflowing velocity. Electron densities, derived from the
[S II] ΛΛ6716, 6731Å lines, along with Hα luminosities and the sizes of the outflowing regions are employed in estimates of the outflowing gas mass. We find a median mass outflow rate of Ṁ = 0.3 M⊙ yr-1 and median outflow power of log [P/(erg s-1)] = 40.4.
Dark matter content of ETGs and its relation to the local density of galaxies
Authors: Nigoche-Netro A. , Ramos-Larios G. , Díaz R. , de la Fuente E. , Lagos P. , Ruelas-Mayorga A. , Mendez-Abreu J. , Kemp S. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the behaviour of the dynamical and stellar mass inside the effective radius as function of local density for early-type galaxies (ETGs). We use several samples of ETGs - ranging from 19000 to 98000 objects - from the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We consider Newtonian dynamics, different light profiles and different initial mass functions (IMF) to calculate the dynamical and stellar mass. We assume that any difference between these two masses is due to dark matter and/or a non-universal IMF. The main results are: (i) the amount of dark matter (DM) inside ETGs depends on the environment; (ii) ETGs in low-density environments span a wider DM range than ETGs in dense environments; (iii) the amount of DM inside ETGs in the most dense environments will be less than approximately 55-65 per cent of the dynamical mass; (iv) the accurate value of this upper limit depends on the impact of the IMF on the stellar mass estimation.
Gas kinematics and stellar archaeology of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5643
Authors: Cezar P. H. , Steiner J. E. , Menezes R. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work we derive stellar archaeology and kinematics of the central 400 pc of NGC 5643. The star formation history (SFH) reveals nuclear contribution of stellar populations older (20% older than 3.5 Gyr) and younger (60% younger than 320 Myr) as compared to the circumnuclear region. The [OIII] 5007 Å kinematics reveals the eastern ionization cone with an outflow (−60 km/s ⩽ v ⩽ 120 km/s).
The physics of galaxy evolution with SPICA observations
Authors: Spinoglio Luigi , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan A. , Mordini Sabrina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evolution of galaxies at Cosmic Noon (1 < z < 3) passed through a dust-obscured phase, during which most stars formed and black holes in galactic nuclei started to shine, which cannot be seen in the optical and UV, but it needs rest frame mid-to-far IR spectroscopy to be unveiled. At these frequencies, dust extinction is minimal and a variety of atomic and molecular transitions, tracing most astrophysical domains, occur. The Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), currently under evaluation for the 5th Medium Size ESA Cosmic Vision Mission, fully redesigned with its 2.5-m mirror cooled down to T < 8K will perform such observations. SPICA will provide for the first time a 3-dimensional spectroscopic view of the hidden side of star formation and black hole accretion in all environments, from voids to cluster cores over 90% of cosmic time. Here we outline what SPICA will do in galaxy evolution studies.
Gauging the effect of feedback from QSOs on their host galaxies
Authors: de Oliveira Bruno Dall’Agnol , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOften associated with the regulation of star formation in galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGN) play a fundamental role in the evolution of galaxies through their feedback effects. To investigate the impact of these effects, we analysed the optical emission-line properties of 8 type II AGNs with bolometric luminosities LBol > 1045 erg s−1, using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations with Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS). The gas kinematics was obtained by fitting Gaussian components to the profiles of the emission lines of the ionized gas. Using only the broadest component – that we associate with the gas in outflow – we calculated the mass outflow rate (Ṁout), finding values of up to 10 M⊙ yr−1. The outflow kinetic power (Ėout reaches maximum values between 1041 and 1043 erg s−1, which correspond to feedback efficiencies of ∼0.001−0.1 % of Lbol. These values are below that required to quench the star formation during the evolution of galaxies in simulations and analytical models. We also investigated the effect of uncertainties on the values of the physical quantities used in the calculations – such as the electron density – on the final values of Ṁout and Ėout.
An Extended Emission Line Region around Mrk 1172
Authors: Lassen Augusto , Riffel Rogério , Chies-Santos Ana L. , Johnston Evelyn , Haeussler Boris , Dutra Daniel R. , Azevedo Gabriel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe serendipitously found an intriguing Extended Emission Line Region (EELR) near the quiescent and massive early-type Mrk 1172, with a projected extension of approximately 14 × 14 kpc. Its irregular shape, high gas content, strong emission lines and proximity to an isolated possible faded quasar raise questions about the ionization of this gas and the nature of this object. Analyzing the stellar population in both objects we observe that the EELR has a dominance of young-intermediate and intermediate stellar populations (200 Myr < t < 1 Gyr) with significant star formation activity, while Mrk 1172 is dominated by old stellar population (t > 5 Gyr). BPT diagnostic diagrams indicate that the gas in the EELR is photoionized by hot massive stars rather than by a hard radiation field or by shocks. Further analysis on abundances of the gas and its kinematics shall be performed to better comprehend the nature of this object and how it is interacting with Mrk 1172.
MiR-30c-5p Directly Targets MAPK1 to Regulate the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Adenomyotic Epithelial Cells in Adenomyosis
Authors: Zhang Airong , Liu Xiujuan , Wang Juan , Deng Kui , Wang Jianghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to elucidate the functions of miR-30c-5p on adenomyosis for exploring novel treatment strategies. We first detected the expression of miR-30c-5p in clinical adenomyotic tissues and isolated endometrial cells from adenomyotic tissues. Next, gain and loss-of-function assays were performed to detect the effect of miR-30c-5p on adenomyotic endometrial cells. Further, luciferase assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction as well as western blot were conducted to investigate the potential target of miR-30c-5p; and transwell assay, wound-healing assay and CCK-8 assay were used to evaluate the effects of miR-30c-5p and its target on regulating biological functions of adenomyotic endometrial cells. Our results found that miR-30c-5p was down-regulated in both adenomyosis tissues and adenomyotic epithelial cells, which correlated with dysmenorrhea, longer duration of symptoms and more menstrual bleeding. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-30c-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of adenomyotic epithelial cells, where miR-30c-5p knockdown had an opposite effect. Furthermore, we confirmed mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was one of the direct targets of miR-30c-5p, indicating its important role in miR-30c-5p-mediated suppression of proliferation, invasion and migration in adenomyotic epithelial cells. This study showed that the interaction of miR-30c-5p with MAPK1 can regulate the proliferation, invasion and migration in adenomyotic epithelial cells.
Comparing Observations and Parameterizations of Ice‐Ocean Drag Through an Annual Cycle Across the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Brenner Samuel , Rainville Luc , Thomson Jim , Cole Sylvia , Lee Craig 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting sea ice dynamics and ice‐ocean feedback processes requires accurate descriptions of momentum fluxes across the ice‐ocean interface. In this study, we present observations from an array of moorings in the Beaufort Sea. Using a force‐balance approach, we determine ice‐ocean drag coefficient values over an annual cycle and a range of ice conditions. Statistics from high resolution ice draft measurements are used to calculate expected drag coefficient values from morphology‐based parameterization schemes. With both approaches, drag coefficient values ranged from ∼1 to 10 × 10−3, with a minimum in fall and a maximum at the end of spring, consistent with previous observations. The parameterizations do a reasonable job of predicting the observed drag values if the under ice geometry is known, and reveal that keel drag is the primary contributor to the total ice‐ocean drag coefficient. When translations of bulk model outputs to ice geometry are included in the parameterizations, they overpredict drag on floe edges, leading to the inverted seasonal cycle seen in prior models. Using these results to investigate the efficiency of total momentum flux across the atmosphere‐ice‐ocean interface suggests an inter‐annual trend of increasing coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean.
Carbonate‐Phyllosilicate Parageneses and Environments of Aqueous Alteration in Nili Fossae and Mars
Authors: Chevrier Vincent F. , Morisson Marietta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe equilibrium thermodynamics of Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates and carbonates have been investigated using numerical modeling, with emphasis on the effects of evaporation and temperature (hydrothermalism) under conditions related to present‐day and primitive Mars, that is, low or high CO2partial pressure, under oxidizing or reducing environments. Findings are discussed in relation to alteration and weathering of minerals found in the Nili Fossae region. Results show that nontronite precipitates at very high water‐to‐precipitate ratio and low temperature, in association with ferrihydrite. During evaporation, this assemblage leads to carbonates: calcite and magnesite, and to low temperature iron‐rich serpentine phyllosilicates such as cronstedtite or berthierine under reducing conditions. At high temperature, the initial paragenesis dominated by nontronite leads to hematite and berthierine at low CO2partial pressure, and to talc, magnesite and antigorite at high CO2partial pressure. Thus, the Fe/Mg‐smectites, Mg‐carbonate, and Mg‐serpentine found near Nili Fossae may result from several alteration events. Weathering of primitive bedrock formed nontronite, with subsequent or concurrent hydrothermalism leading to Mg‐serpentine. Further carbonation due to CO2‐rich fluids led to talc, magnesite and to hydrogen/carbon monoxide/methane in the presence of iron, but at relatively low partial pressures (up to 10−4 bar). Unless the serpentinization process acted for extended periods of time and over a large portion of the martian surface, it is unlikely it significantly contributed to the atmospheric composition, except maybe for H2. However, such water‐rich active environments with the presence of redox reactions could have been suitable for the potential emergence of biological activity.
Persistent Stratospheric Warming Due to 2019–2020 Australian Wildfire Smoke
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Davis Sean M. , Toon Owen B. , Portmann Robert W. , Bardeen Charles G. , Barnes John E. , Telg Hagen , Maloney Christopher , Rosenlof Karen H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAustralian wildfires burning from December 2019 to January 2020 injected approximately 0.9 Tg of smoke into the stratosphere; this is the largest amount observed in the satellite era. A comparison of numerical simulations to satellite observations of the plume rise suggests that the smoke mass contained 2.5% black carbon. Model calculations project a 1 K warming in the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes for more than 6 months following the injection of black‐carbon containing smoke. The 2020 average global mean clear sky effective radiative forcing at top of atmosphere is estimated to be −0.03 W m−2 with a surface value of −0.32 W m−2. Assuming that smoke particles coat with sulfuric acid in the stratosphere and have similar heterogeneous reaction rates as sulfate aerosol, we estimate a smoke‐induced chemical decrease in total column ozone of 10–20 Dobson units from August to December in mid‐high southern latitudes.
Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios of Particulate Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in the Surface Water of the Kuroshio
Authors: Kodama Taketoshi , Nishimoto Atsushi , Horii Sachiko , Ito Daiki , Yamaguchi Tamaha , Hidaka Kiyotaka , Setou Takashi , Ono Tsuneo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeasonal stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in the particulate organic matter (POM) of the euphotic layer were investigated around the Kuroshio from 2008 to 2019 (n = 474). Significant seasonality in POM δ13C and δ15N were observed in the coastal and offshore areas divided by the northern edge of the Kuroshio. Seasonal mean δ13C was highest during the summer (−23.2 ± 1.1‰ and −23.7 ± 1.1‰ in coastal and offshore areas, respectively) and lowest during the winter (−24.6 ± 0.8‰ and −25.0 ± 0.9‰ in coastal and offshore areas, respectively) in both areas. Seasonal mean δ15N exhibited different spatial variations. The mean δ15N value in the coastal area was the lowest during the winter (1.0 ± 1.9‰) and increased to a similar level (∼3‰) during the other three seasons. In contrast, δ15N in the offshore area near the surface decreased from the spring (2.5 ± 1.5‰) to the summer (1.2 ± 1.7‰). These spatial and seasonal differences in δ15N are significant in generalized linear models and the generalized additive models, and suggest that the nitrogen sources used in biological production differ between coastal and offshore areas and between seasons. Nitrate originating in deeper water and rivers is the main sources used for new production throughout the year in the coastal area. Contributions from atmospheric deposition and nitrogen fixation are significant in the offshore area during the summer, while nitrate originating in deeper water is main during winter, spring, and fall in the offshore area.
Downregulation of MTSS1 in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with a poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and disease aggressiveness
Authors: Grandits Alexander Michael , Nguyen Chi Huu , Schlerka Angela , Hackl Hubert , Sill Heinz , Etzler Julia , Heyes Elizabeth , Stoiber Dagmar , Grebien Florian , Heller Gerwin , Wieser Rotraud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite recent approval of targeted drugs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy, chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines remains an important pillar of treatment. Both primary and secondary resistance are frequent and associated with poor survival, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. In previous work, we identified genes deregulated between diagnosis and relapse of AML, corresponding to therapy naïve and resistant states, respectively. Among them was MTSS1, whose downregulation is known to enhance aggressiveness of solid tumors. Here we show that low MTSS1 expression at diagnosis was associated with a poor prognosis in AML. MTSS1 expression was regulated by promoter methylation, and reduced by cytosine arabinoside and the anthracycline daunorubicin. Experimental downregulation of MTSS1 affected the expression of numerous genes. It induced the DNA damage response kinase WEE1, and rendered human AML cell lines more resistant to cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and other anti-cancer drugs. Mtss1 knockdown in murine MLL-AF9-driven AML substantially decreased disease latency, and increased leukemic burden and ex vivo chemotherapy resistance. In summary, low MTSS1 expression represents a novel factor contributing to disease aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor outcome in AML.
Gradient of electro-convulsive therapy’s antidepressant effects along the longitudinal hippocampal axis
Authors: Gyger Lucien , Regen Francesca , Ramponi Cristina , Marquis Renaud , Mall Jean-Frederic , Swierkosz-Lenart Kevin , von Gunten Armin , Toni Nicolas , Kherif Ferath , Heuser Isabella , Draganski Bogdan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite decades of successful treatment of therapy-resistant depression and major scientific advances in the field, our knowledge about electro-convulsive therapy’s (ECT) mechanisms of action is still scarce. Building on strong empirical evidence for ECT-induced hippocampus anatomy changes, we sought to test the hypothesis that ECT has a differential impact along the hippocampus longitudinal axis. We acquired behavioural and brain anatomy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in patients with depressive episode undergoing ECT (n = 9) or pharmacotherapy (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 30) at two time points 3 months apart. Using whole-brain voxel-based statistical parametric mapping and topographic analysis focused on the hippocampus, we observed ECT-induced gradient of grey matter volume increase along the hippocampal longitudinal axis with predominant impact on its anterior portion. Clinical outcome measures showed strong correlations with both baseline volume and rate of ECT-induced change exclusively for the anterior, but not posterior hippocampus. We interpret our findings confined to the anterior hippocampus and amygdala as additional evidence of the regional specific impact of ECT that unfolds its beneficial effect on depression via the “limbic” system. Main limitations of the study are patients’ polypharmacy, heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis, and long-time interval between scans.
Lipid peroxidation and the subsequent cell death transmitting from ferroptotic cells to neighboring cells
Authors: Nishizawa Hironari , Matsumoto Mitsuyo , Chen Guan , Ishii Yusho , Tada Keisuke , Onodera Masafumi , Kato Hiroki , Muto Akihiko , Tanaka Kozo , Igarashi Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a regulated cell death due to the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxide. Ferroptosis is known to constitute the pathology of ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and steatohepatitis and also works as a suppressing mechanism against cancer. However, how ferroptotic cells affect surrounding cells remains elusive. We herein report the transfer phenomenon of lipid peroxidation and cell death from ferroptotic cells to nearby cells that are not exposed to ferroptotic inducers (FINs). While primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and NIH3T3 cells contained senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells, they were decreased upon induction of ferroptosis with FINs. The SA-β-gal decrease was inhibited by ferroptotic inhibitors and knockdown of Atg7, pointing to the involvement of lipid peroxidation and activated autophagosome formation during ferroptosis. A transfer of cell culture medium of cells treated with FINs, type 1 or 2, caused the reduction in SA-β-gal-positive cells in recipient cells that had not been exposed to FINs. Real-time imaging of Kusabira Orange-marked reporter MEFs cocultured with ferroptotic cells showed the generation of lipid peroxide and deaths of the reporter cells. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation and its aftereffects propagate from ferroptotic cells to surrounding cells, even when the surrounding cells are not exposed to FINs. Ferroptotic cells are not merely dying cells but also work as signal transmitters inducing a chain of further ferroptosis.
The CREB/KMT5A complex regulates PTP1B to modulate high glucose-induced endothelial inflammatory factor levels in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Huang Ting , Li Xue , Wang Fei , Lu Lihong , Hou Wenting , Zhu Minmin , Miao Changhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in end-stage renal disease. The overproduction of various inflammatory factors is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) modulates the expression of a series of cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to participate in the maintenance of a healthy endothelium. In the present study, we hypothesise that CREB associates with KMT5A to modulate PTP1B expression, thus contributing to high glucose-mediated glomerular endothelial inflammation. Our analyses revealed that plasma inflammatory factor levels, glomerular endothelial p65 phosphorylation and PTP1B expression were increased in DN patients and rats. In vitro, high glucose increased endothelial inflammatory factor levels and p65 phosphorylation by augmenting PTP1B expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, high glucose decreased CREB and KMT5A expression. CREB overexpression and KMT5A overexpression both inhibited high glucose-induced PTP1B expression, p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels. si-CREB- and sh-KMT5A-induced p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels were reversed by si-PTP1B. Furthermore, CREB was associated with KMT5A. Mechanistic research indicated that CREB and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1, a downstream target of KMT5A) occupy the PTP1B promoter region. sh-KMT5A augmented PTP1B promoter activity and activated the positive effect of si-CREB on PTP1B promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that CREB and KMT5A were downregulated in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. In conclusion, CREB associates with KMT5A to promote PTP1B expression in vascular endothelial cells, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory factor levels in DN patients and rats.