bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Dam‐Induced Fluctuations in Streamflow Frequencies Across the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Hwang Jeongwoo , Kumar Hemant , Ruhi Albert , Sankarasubramanian Arumugam , Devineni Naresh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeriodic fluctuations in natural streamflow are a major driver of river ecosystem dynamics and water resource management. However, most U.S. rivers are impacted both by long‐term hydroclimatic trends and dams that alter flow variability. Despite these impacts, it remains largely unexplored how dams affect the dominant frequencies of natural streamflow over a highly regulated river network. We investigated the entire Colorado River Basin (CRB) to understand how the annual (10–14 months) and multi‐annual (24–60 months) frequencies in natural flow regimes have been progressively altered by dams. Given the significant alteration over the CRB, we captured changes in streamflow frequencies between naturalized and observed monthly flows via wavelet analysis. Based on the similarity of changes in streamflow frequencies (annual and multi‐annual) over the last 30 years, sections of the riverine network were classified into four groups. The annual frequency was relatively well preserved downstream of Hoover Dam, while showing a systematic trend of alteration downstream of Glen Canyon Dam until Hoover Dam. Meanwhile, the multi‐annual frequency component was highly altered for the entire Lower Colorado main stem (i.e., downstream of Glen Canyon). We also identified dams with significant impacts on streamflow frequency by comparing wavelet coherence estimates. This study advances the notion that dams fundamentally alter river flow regimes across multiple frequencies and with varying amplitudes over time and space, with alteration propagating – or being dampened – by both hydroclimatic fluctuations and water resource management.
Topographic Wetness Index as a Proxy for Soil Moisture: The Importance of Flow‐Routing Algorithm and Grid Resolution
Authors: Riihimäki H. , Kemppinen J. , Kopecký M. , Luoto M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) is a commonly used proxy for soil moisture. The predictive capability of TWI is influenced by the flow‐routing algorithm and the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that TWI is derived from. Here, we examine the predictive capability of TWI using 11 flow‐routing algorithms at DEM resolutions 1–30 m. We analyze the relationship between TWI and field‐quantified soil moisture using statistical modeling methods and 5,200 study plots with over 46 000 soil moisture measurements. In addition, we test the sensitivity of the flow‐routing algorithms against vertical height errors in DEM at different resolutions. The results reveal that the overall predictive capability of TWI was modest. The highest r2 (23.7%) was reached using a multiple‐flow‐direction algorithm at 2 m resolution. In addition, the test of sensitivity against height errors revealed that the multiple‐flow‐direction algorithms were also more robust against DEM errors than single‐flow‐direction algorithms. The results provide field‐evidence indicating that at its best TWI is a modest proxy for soil moisture and its predictive capability is influenced by the flow‐routing algorithm and DEM resolution. Thus, we encourage careful evaluation of algorithms and resolutions when using TWI as a proxy for soil moisture.
Contending With Water Shortages in the Pacific: Performance of Private Rainwater Tanks Versus Communal Rainwater Tanks in Rural Vanuatu
Authors: Foster T. , Rand E. C. , Kotra K. K. , Sami E. , Willetts J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAround 2 million people in the Pacific depend on rainwater collection for their drinking water, however these systems often struggle to provide sufficient quantities of water year round. This study examined the performance of 1,878 rainwater tanks across 19 islands in Vanuatu to assess whether the likelihood of a sufficient year‐round supply of drinking water differed between village‐level rainwater tanks used communally and private rainwater tanks owned by individual households (i.e., self‐supply). More than half of the tanks assessed failed to provide a sufficient supply of water year round. Compared with communal rainwater tanks, private rainwater tanks had significantly higher odds of a sufficient year‐round supply of water (adjusted odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.24–2.09, p < 0.001). This relationship was evident when adjusting for village‐level clustering, year of installation, presence of other improved water sources, tank volume, number of users, and a proxy indicator for rainfall. Private rainwater tanks outperformed communal rainwater tanks irrespective of whether communal tanks were managed by a community‐based committee. The findings support the notion that in some circumstances private property rights can help avert resource depletion, and that household self‐supply is capable of delivering a more reliable water supply than community‐based management. However, the study design was unable to rule out differences in roof catchment area as a factor influencing the results. Further work is needed to confirm and elucidate the mechanisms by which private ownership facilitates a year‐round supply and understand the wider advantages and disadvantages of self‐supply.
Gm364 coordinates MIB2/DLL3/Notch2 to regulate female fertility through AKT activation
Authors: Chen Liang-Jian , Zhang Na-Na , Zhou Chun-Xiang , Yang Zhi-Xia , Li Yan-Ru , Zhang Teng , Li Cong-Rong , Wang Xin , Wang Yang , Wang Zi-Bin , Xia Zheng-Rong , Wang Zhen-Bo , Zhang Cui-Lian , Guan Yi-Chun , Sun Qing-Yuan , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany integral membrane proteins might act as indispensable coordinators in specific functional microdomains to maintain the normal operation of known receptors, such as Notch. Gm364 is a multi-pass transmembrane protein that has been screened as a potential female fertility factor. However, there have been no reports to date about its function in female fertility. Here, we found that global knockout ofGm364decreased the numbers of primordial follicles and growing follicles, impaired oocyte quality as indicated by increased ROS and γ-H2AX, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased oocyte maturation, and increased aneuploidy. Mechanistically, Gm364 directly binds and anchors MIB2, a ubiquitin ligase, on the membrane. Subsequently, membrane MIB2 ubiquitinates and activates DLL3. Next, the activated DLL3 binds and activates Notch2, which is subsequently cleaved within the cytoplasm to produce NICD2, the intracellular active domain of Notch2. Finally, NICD2 can directly activate AKT within the cytoplasm to regulate oocyte meiosis and quality.
Elevated expression of nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth
Authors: Sun Yihui , Xie Jiaming , Cai Shang , Wang Qian , Feng Zhenyu , Li Yecheng , Lu Jing-jing , Chen Wei , Ye Zhenyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 (NSD3) catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36), and promotes malignant transformation and progression of human cancer. Its expression, potential functions and underlying mechanisms in pancreatic cancer are studied. Bioinformatics studies and results from local human tissues show that NSD3 is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer tissues, which is correlated with poor overall survival. In primary and established pancreatic cancer cells, NSD3 silencing (by shRNAs) or CRISPR/Cas9-induced NSD3 knockout potently inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while provoking cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of NSD3-T1232A mutation significantly accelerated proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. H3K36 dimethylation, expression of NSD3-dependent genes (Prkaa2, Myc, Irgm1, Adam12, and Notch3), and mTOR activation (S6K1 phosphorylation) were largely inhibited by NSD3 silencing or knockout. In vivo, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-packed NSD3 shRNA potently inhibited pancreatic cancer xenograft growth in nude mice. These results suggest that elevated NSD3 could be an important driver for the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
ECHS1, an interacting protein of LASP1, induces sphingolipid-metabolism imbalance to promote colorectal cancer progression by regulating ceramide glycosylation
Authors: Li Rui , Hao Yanyu , Wang Qiuhan , Meng Yuan , Wu Kunhe , Liu Chaoqun , Xu Lijun , Liu Ziguang , Zhao Liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSphingolipid metabolic dysregulation has increasingly been considered to be a drug-resistance mechanism for a variety of tumors. In this study, through an LC–MS assay, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was identified as a sphingolipid-metabolism-involved protein, and short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) was identified as a new LASP1-interacting protein through a protein assay in colorectal cancer (CRC). Gain- and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated the stimulatory role played by ECHS1 in CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies of the underlying tumor-supportive oncometabolism indicate that ECHS1 enables altering ceramide (Cer) metabolism that increases glycosphingolipid synthesis (HexCer) by promoting UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG). Further analysis showed that ECHS1 promotes CRC progression and drug resistance by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interfering mitochondrial membrane potential via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of promoting the survival and drug resistance of CRC cells caused by ECHS1 could be reversed by Eliglustat, a specific inhibitor of UCCG, in vitro and in vivo. IHC assay showed that ECHS1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues, which was related to the differentiation and poor prognosis of CRC patients. This study provides new insight into the mechanism by which phospholipids promote drug resistance in CRC and identifies potential targets for future therapies.
Long noncoding RNAs: fine-tuners hidden in the cancer signaling network
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Xue , Chen Shuo , Zhang Song 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the development of sequencing technology, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in addition to coding genes. LncRNAs, originally considered as junk RNA, are dysregulated in various types of cancer. Although protein-coding signaling pathways underlie various biological activities, and abnormal signal transduction is a key trigger and indicator for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, lncRNAs are sparking keen interest due to their versatile roles in fine-tuning signaling pathways. We are just beginning to scratch the surface of lncRNAs. Therefore, despite the fact that lncRNAs drive malignant phenotypes from multiple perspectives, in this review, we focus on important signaling pathways modulated by lncRNAs in cancer to demonstrate an up-to-date understanding of this emerging field.
Exosome-transmitted circCOG2 promotes colorectal cancer progression via miR-1305/TGF-β2/SMAD3 pathway
Authors: Gao Lei , Tang Xiaolong , He Qingsi , Sun Guorui , Wang Chao , Qu Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNA) are abundantly present in the exosome. Yet, the role of exosome-transmitted circRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of circCOG2 in CRC. We analyzed the expression of circCOG2 in CRC tissues, plasmas, and exosomes by qRT-PCR. The function of circCOG2 was evaluated by CCK-8, clone formation, transwell and wound healing assay, and using an in vivo study; while its mechanism was analyzed using a dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, Western blot, and rescue experiments. We found that circCOG2 was increased in CRC tissues, plasmas, and exosomes. Upregulated circCOG2 promoted CRC proliferation, migration, and invasion through the miR-1305/TGF-β2/SMAD3 pathway, and this effect could be transmitted from CRC cells with the high metastatic potential to CRC cells with low metastatic potential by exosomes. Our results revealed that circCOG2 is correlated with poor prognosis and may be used as a therapeutic target for CRC.
Genetics of diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Schreiner Yannick , Schaible Thomas , Rafat Neysan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening malformation characterised by failure of diaphragmatic development with lung hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The incidence is 1:2000 corresponding to 8% of all major congenital malformations. Morbidity and mortality in affected newborns are very high and at present, there is no precise prenatal or early postnatal prognostication parameter to predict clinical outcome in CDH patients. Most cases occur sporadically, however, genetic causes have long been discussed to explain a proportion of cases. These range from aneuploidy to complex chromosomal aberrations and specific mutations often causing a complex phenotype exhibiting multiple malformations along with CDH. This review summarises the genetic variations which have been observed in syndromic and isolated cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Germline RAD51B variants confer susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers deficient in homologous recombination
Authors: Setton Jeremy , Selenica Pier , Mukherjee Semanti , Shah Rachna , Pecorari Isabella , McMillan Biko , Pei Isaac X. , Kemel Yelena , Ceyhan-Birsoy Ozge , Sheehan Margaret , Tkachuk Kaitlyn , Brown David N. , Zhang Liying , Cadoo Karen , Powell Simon , Weigelt Britta , Robson Mark , Riaz Nadeem , Offit Kenneth , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Mandelker Diana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPathogenic germline mutations in the RAD51 paralog genes RAD51C and RAD51D, are known to confer susceptibility to ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer. Here, we investigated whether germline loss-of-function variants affecting another RAD51 paralog gene, RAD51B, are also associated with breast and ovarian cancer. Among 3422 consecutively accrued breast and ovarian cancer patients consented to tumor/germline sequencing, the observed carrier frequency of loss-of-function germline RAD51B variants was significantly higher than control cases from the gnomAD population database (0.26% vs 0.09%), with an odds ratio of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.4–5.3). Furthermore, we demonstrate that tumors harboring biallelic RAD51B alteration are deficient in homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD), as evidenced by analysis of sequencing data and in vitro functional assays. Our findings suggest that RAD51B should be considered as an addition to clinical germline testing panels for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility.
You read my mind: fMRI markers of threatening appraisals in people with persistent psychotic experiences
Authors: Underwood Raphael , Mason Liam , O’Daly Owen , Dalton Jeffrey , Simmons Andrew , Barker Gareth J. , Peters Emmanuelle , Kumari Veena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnomalous perceptual experiences are relatively common in the general population. Evidence indicates that the key to distinguishing individuals with persistent psychotic experiences (PEs) with a need for care from those without is how they appraise their anomalous experiences. Here, we aimed to characterise the neural circuits underlying threatening and non-threatening appraisals in people with and without a need for care for PEs, respectively. A total of 48 participants, consisting of patients with psychosis spectrum disorder (clinical group, n = 16), non-need-for-care participants with PEs (non-clinical group, n = 16), and no-PE healthy control participants (n = 16), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing the Telepath task, designed to induce an anomalous perceptual experience. Appraisals of the anomalous perceptual experiences were examined, as well as functional brain responses during this window, for significant group differences. We also examined whether activation co-varied with the subjective threat appraisals reported in-task by participants. The clinical group reported elevated subjective threat appraisals compared to both the non-clinical and no-PE control groups, with no differences between the two non-clinical groups. This pattern of results was accompanied by reduced activation in the superior and inferior frontal gyri in the clinical group as compared to the non-clinical and control groups. Precuneus activation scaled with threat appraisals reported in-task. Resilience in the context of persistent anomalous experiences may be explained by intact functioning of fronto-parietal regions, and may correspond to the ability to contextualise and flexibly evaluate psychotic experiences.
Multiscale and integrative single-cell Hi-C analysis with Higashi
Authors: Zhang Ruochi , Zhou Tianming , Ma Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle-cell Hi-C (scHi-C) can identify cell-to-cell variability of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization, but the sparseness of measured interactions poses an analysis challenge. Here we report Higashi, an algorithm based on hypergraph representation learning that can incorporate the latent correlations among single cells to enhance overall imputation of contact maps. Higashi outperforms existing methods for embedding and imputation of scHi-C data and is able to identify multiscale 3D genome features in single cells, such as compartmentalization and TAD-like domain boundaries, allowing refined delineation of their cell-to-cell variability. Moreover, Higashi can incorporate epigenomic signals jointly profiled in the same cell into the hypergraph representation learning framework, as compared to separate analysis of two modalities, leading to improved embeddings for single-nucleus methyl-3C data. In an scHi-C dataset from human prefrontal cortex, Higashi identifies connections between 3D genome features and cell-type-specific gene regulation. Higashi can also potentially be extended to analyze single-cell multiway chromatin interactions and other multimodal single-cell omics data.
SMAP-HydroBlocks, a 30-m satellite-based soil moisture dataset for the conterminous US
Authors: Vergopolan Noemi , Chaney Nathaniel W. , Pan Ming , Sheffield Justin , Beck Hylke E. , Ferguson Craig R. , Torres-Rojas Laura , Sadri Sara , Wood Eric F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil moisture plays a key role in controlling land-atmosphere interactions, with implications for water resources, agriculture, climate, and ecosystem dynamics. Although soil moisture varies strongly across the landscape, current monitoring capabilities are limited to coarse-scale satellite retrievals and a few regional in-situ networks. Here, we introduce SMAP-HydroBlocks (SMAP-HB), a high-resolution satellite-based surface soil moisture dataset at an unprecedented 30-m resolution (2015–2019) across the conterminous United States. SMAP-HB was produced by using a scalable cluster-based merging scheme that combines high-resolution land surface modeling, radiative transfer modeling, machine learning, SMAP satellite microwave data, and in-situ observations. We evaluated the resulting dataset over 1,192 observational sites. SMAP-HB performed substantially better than the current state-of-the-art SMAP products, showing a median temporal correlation of 0.73 ± 0.13 and a median Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 0.52 ± 0.20. The largest benefit of SMAP-HB is, however, the high spatial detail and improved representation of the soil moisture spatial variability and spatial accuracy with respect to SMAP products. The SMAP-HB dataset is available via zenodo and at https://waterai.earth/smaphb.
Evaluation of MODIS-derived estimates of the albedo over the Atacama Desert using ground-based spectral measurements
Authors: Cordero Raúl R. , Feron Sarah , Sepúlveda Edgardo , Damiani Alessandro , Carrera Juan M. , Jorquera Jose , Alfonso Juan A. , Fuenzalida Rosalino , Rivas Miguel , MacDonell Shelley , Seckmeyer Gunther , Wang Chenghao , Ouyang Zutao , Lhermitte Stef 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurface albedo is an important forcing parameter that drives the radiative energy budget as it determines the fraction of the downwelling solar irradiance that the surface reflects. Here we report on ground-based measurements of the spectral albedo (350–2200 nm) carried out at 20 sites across a North–South transect of approximately 1300 km in the Atacama Desert, from latitude 18° S to latitude 30° S. These spectral measurements were used to evaluate remote sensing estimates of the albedo derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We found that the relative mean bias error (RMBE) of MODIS-derived estimates was within ± 5% of ground-based measurements in most of the Atacama Desert (18–27° S). Although the correlation between MODIS-derived estimates and ground-based measurements remained relatively high (R= 0.94), RMBE values were slightly larger in the southernmost part of the desert (27–30° S). Both MODIS-derived data and ground-based measurements show that the albedo at some bright spots in the Atacama Desert may be high enough (up to 0.25 in visible range) for considerably boosting the performance of bifacial photovoltaic technologies (6–12%).
Perception of yips among professional Japanese golfers: perspectives from a network modelled approach
Authors: Revankar Gajanan S. , Kajiyama Yuta , Gon Yasufumi , Ogasawara Issei , Hattori Noriaki , Nakano Tomohito , Kawamura Sadahito , Ugawa Yoshikazu , Nakata Ken , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract‘Yips’ in golf is a complex spectrum of anxiety and movement-disorder that affects competitive sporting performance. With unclear etiology and high prevalence documented in western literature, the perception and management of this psycho-neuromuscular problem among Japanese elite golfers is unknown. The objective of this study was to explore factors associated with yips, investigate the performance deficits and the strategies implemented to prevent yips. We surveyed approx. 1300 professional golfers on their golfing habits, anxiety and musculoskeletal problems, kinematic deficits, changes in training and their outcomes. Statistical procedures included multiple logistic regression and network analysis. 35% of the respondents had experienced yips in their career, their odds increasing proportionally to their golfing experience. Regardless of musculoskeletal symptoms, about 57% of all yips-golfers attributed their symptoms to psychological causes. Network analysis highlighted characteristic movement patterns, i.e. slowing, forceful or freezing of movement for putting, approach and teeing shots respectively. Golfers’ self-administered strategies to relieve yips were mostly inconsequential. Within the limits of our self-reported survey, most golfers perceived yips as a psychological phenomenon despite evidence pointing to a movement-disorder. While self-administered interventions were satisfactory at best, it may be imperative to sensitize golfers from a movement-disorder standpoint for early management of the problem.