bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning-based Positioning Classification of the Mandibular Third Molars: Is Multi-task Deep Learning Useful?
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Matsuyama Tamamo , Tanaka Futa , Hara Takeshi , Yoshii Kazumasa , Yamashita Katsusuke , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pell and Gregory, and Winter’s classifications are frequently implemented to classify the mandibular third molars and are crucial for safe tooth extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the classification accuracy of convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning models using cropped panoramic radiographs based on these classifications. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of single-task and multi-task learning after labeling 1,330 images of mandibular third molars from digital radiographs taken at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at a general hospital (2014-2021). The mandibular third molar classifications were analyzed using a VGG 16 model of a CNN. We statistically evaluated performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the curve [AUC]) for each prediction. We found that single-task learning was superior to multi-task learning (all p<0.05) for all metrics, with large effect sizes and low p-values. Recall and F1 scores for position classification showed medium effect sizes in single and multi-task learning. To our knowledge, this deep learning study is the first to examine single-task and multi-task learning for the classification of mandibular third molars. Our results demonstrated the efficacy of implementing Pell and Gregory, and Winter’s classifications for specific respective tasks.
Effects of Rhizosphere Microbial Composition on the Growth of Cajanus Cajan in Coal Gangue Reclaimed Soil
Authors: Han Shiming , Wang Yuexia , Zou Rongcan , Wang Boqiu , shi kaiyi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Planting the economically sustainable Cajanus cajan crop in coal gangue dump as an approach for ecological management has attracted extensive attention from scholars worldwide. Microorganisms play important roles in ecological restoration. However, there have been few reports about the microbial composition and functions of Cajanus cajan root systems planted in plateau waste dumps. In this study, the gangue dump (1,390 m above sea level) in Guizhou Plateau was covered with soil and planted with YN and JX Cajanus cajans. After one year, the Cajanus cajan root system was collected, and high-throughput sequencing was utilized to examine the bacterial and fungal biodiversity. The bacteria in all samples were assigned to six phyla and 60 genera. The unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae and Cedecea were the most abundant genera. The fungi were assigned to six phyla and 143 genera and Fusarium was the most abundant genus. Venn and heatmap analyses revealed differences in the dominant root species among Cajanus cajan varieties, Lactococcus and Fusarium. In JX and YN, Pseudoarthrobacter is a unique genus of bacteria; in JX, Robillarda is a unique genus of fungi; and in YN, Scytalidium is a unique genus of fungi. The endophytic fungi mainly play the roles of saprotroph, plant pathogen, and endophyte. Among the bacterial properties, L-arabinose isomerase and adenosine triphosphatase were the most abundant in all samples, while chitinase, catalase, and laccase played important roles in photosynthesis, degradation of lignin, chitin, and chitosan. This study guides the selection of reclamation plants and strategies for the migration and restriction of heavy metals in soil.
Purchase of Aphrodisiacs; A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Nyarko Mavis Sersah , Agyapong Baffour Awuah , Koffuor George Asumeng , Yakubu Jibira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sexuality is an important part of an individual’s quality of life. Reduced sexual function is common and can be treated. People search all heights and depths for substances they could use to stimulate and increase sexual desire in themselves and others. The non-prescription procurement and use of medicines have become a major challenge in Ghana. However, it is unknown how serious this situation is with regards to aphrodisiacs. This study therefore assessed the purchase and consumption of aphrodisiacs within the Kumasi metropolis. Retail pharmacies were involved in this study. Quota sampling was used to determine the number of pharmacies to be selected from each sub-metro while stratified sampling was then used to select participating pharmacies for the study. Males between the ages of 31 and 45 years purchased aphrodisiacs from pharmacies the most (56, 38.5%) and the rate of purchase of aphrodisiacs from retail outlets (104, 70.3%) is high. Aphrodisiacs were consumed to prolong erection as well as enhance pleasure. However, this practice is seen by many as inappropriate and reported by many to be associated with very serious adverse effects, with headaches being the most dominant adverse effect reported.
Finite-Time Command-Filtered Approximation-Free Attitude Tracking Control of Rigid Spacecraft
Authors: Xie Shuzong , Chen Qiang , He Xiongxiong , Tao Meiling , Tao Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a finite-time command-filtered approximation-free attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft. A novel finite-time prescribed performance function (FTPPF) is first constructed to ensure that the attitude tracking errors converge to the predefined region in finite time. Then, a finite-time error compensation mechanism is constructed and incorporated into the backstepping control design, such that the differentiation of virtual control signals in recursive steps can be avoided to overcome the singularity issue. Compared with most of approximation-based attitude control methods, less computational burden and lower complexity are guaranteed by the proposed approximation-free control scheme due to the avoidance of using any function approximations. Simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Can Heparin Improve Clinical Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest? A Retrospective Cohort Study from the EICU Collaborative Research Database
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies indicate that heparin can improve survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of heparin on hospitalized patients with cardiac arrest.Methods: Clinical data of cardiac arrest patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database V2.0 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared neurological prognosis and primary outcomes in a heparin group that received unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin with a non-heparin group. Additionally, we compared the two heparin sub-groups. Results: After propensity score matching, there were 673 patients in the heparin group and 1346 patients in the non-heparin group. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was significantly better in the heparin group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of spontaneous respiratory function recovery, dementia, or vegetative state between the two groups (P>0.05). Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and hospital mortality rates were significantly lower in the heparin group (P<0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in ICU, and length of stay in hospital were significantly longer in the heparin group (P<0.05). Median survival time was significantly longer in the heparin group (P<0.001). In the comparison of patients who received unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin (267 in each group), there were no significant differences in Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, or median survival time between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: Heparin administration may be beneficial in reducing the mortality rate and prolonging the survival time of in-hospital patients with cardiac arrest. It may also improve the prognosis of neurological function to a certain extent. Outcomes were not significantly different between patients who received unfractionated heparin and those who received low molecular weight heparin.
Molecular Hydrogen Attenuates High Hydrostatic Pressure-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage by Reversing Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Electron Transfer Chain
Authors: Lu Zhuoyang , Zhang Tiantian , Hu Yachong , Liu Hui , Cui Li , Long Jiangang , Liu Jiankang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cellular hydrostatic pressure beyond its normal range can induce the accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated by mitochondria and lead to pathological conditions such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy. However, little is known about how the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) is affected by elevated pressure. Moreover, the protective effects of hydrogen on various pathological conditions have been observed by reductions in ROS, yet the role of hydrogen in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-induced cell damage remains obscure. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of HHP on ETC activity and whether hydrogen exerts protective effects against HHP-induced damage in cultured neuronal cells. Cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to an elevated ambient hydrostatic pressure of 50 mmHg for a period of 2 to 6 h. HHP impaired the activities of ETC complexes, and these effects were reversed by hydrogen. Significant increases in apoptotic rates and intracellular ROS levels were observed in HHP-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Hydrogen significantly inhibited the apoptotic rates and reduced the levels of ROS. These findings suggest that HHP induces cell damage by causing ETC dysfunction to increase oxidative stress and that hydrogen may act as a protective agent to alleviate HHP-induced neuronal injury.
Microbial Genome-Resolved Metaproteomic Analyses Frame Intertwined Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in River Hyporheic Sediments
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramos Josué A. , Borton Mikayla A. , McGivern Bridget B. , Smith Garrett J. , Solden Lindsey M. , Shaffer Michael , Daly Rebecca A. , Purvine Samuel O. , Nicora Carrie D. , Eder Elizabeth K. , Lipton Mary , Hoyt David W. , Stegen James C. , Wrighton Kelly C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Rivers serve as a nexus for nutrient transfer between terrestrial and marine ecosystems and as such, have a significant impact on global carbon and nitrogen cycles. In river ecosystems, the sediments found within the hyporheic zone are microbial hotspots that can account for a significant portion of ecosystem respiration and have profound impacts on system biogeochemistry. Despite this, studies using genome-resolved analyses linking microbial and viral communities to nitrogen and carbon biogeochemistry are limited.Results:Here, we characterized the microbial and viral communities of Columbia River hyporheic zone sediments to reveal the metabolisms that actively cycle carbon and nitrogen. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we created the Hyporheic Uncultured Microbial and Viral (HUM-V) database, containing a dereplicated database of 55 microbial Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs), representing 12 distinct phyla. We also sampled 111 viral Metagenome Assembled Genomes (vMAGs) from 26 distinct and novel genera. The HUM-V recruited metaproteomes from these same samples, providing the first inventory of microbial gene expression in hyporheic zone sediments. Combining this data with metabolite data, we generated a conceptual model where heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolisms co-occur to drive an integrated carbon and nitrogen cycle, revealing microbial sources and sinks for carbon dioxide and ammonium in these sediments. We uncovered the metabolic handoffs underpinning these processes including mutualistic nitrification by Thermoproteota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) and Nitrospirota, as well as identified possible cooperative and cheating behavior impacting nitrogen mineralization. Finally, by linking vMAGs to microbial genome hosts, we reveal possible viral controls on microbial nitrification and organic carbon degradation.Conclusions:Our multi-omics analyses provide new mechanistic insight into coupled carbon-nitrogen cycling in the hyporheic zone. This is a key step in developing predictive hydrobiogeochemical models that account for microbial cross-feeding and viral influences over potential and expressed microbial metabolisms. Furthermore, the publicly available HUM-V genome resource can be queried and expanded by researchers working in other ecosystems to assess the transferability of our results to other parts of the globe.
Assessment of the sustainability of the traditional and mechanized cultivation process with an exergy-based approach
Authors: Nadi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Regarding the high consumption of allium vegetables such as onion and green onion in the daily food basket of families, it is important to study the sustainability of their agricultural system. Thus, a thermodynamic analysis was carried out to assess the sustainability of the cultivation method management using an exergy-based approach. Onions and green onions were evaluated for mechanized cultivation and for traditional cultivation, respectively. The use of renewable energy in the cultivation system was proposed in the numerical method. The sustainability index and exergetic improvement potential were calculated. Moreover, and the improvement of CDP and RI factors was investigated based on the CExC approach. The results indicated energy consumption of 1 ton of onion production was 2.5 times that of green onion production. The human labor and electricity as energy-intensive inputs in the process of green onion and onion production, respectively. The GHG emission of 1 ton of onion production was obtained 3 times that of green onion production. The results showed that the impact of using the new strategy in the agricultural system of green onions is less than onions, due to the high human labor requirement in green onion production, which made the production of green onions even more unsustainable than the production of onions, despite less consumption energy in green onion production.
Mechanical Properties of 316 Stainless Steel Structure produced by Pulsed Micro-plasma Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yuan Xiaojing , Guan Ning , Wang Xuping , Li Hao , Li Jin , Zhan Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An innovative pulsed micro-plasma additive manufacturing (AM) system is proposed for the fabrication of thin-walled 316 stainless steel parts. During the deposition process, the heat accumulation from the micro-plasma can be controlled effectively by adjusting the following parameters: the AM current, pulse length of the plasma arc, and scanning speed. The width of the pool can reach 3.0 mm. The microstructural analysis, micro-hardness tests, and tensile strength tests were performed. The results of the structural characterisation showed that columnar dendrites predominated in the microstructure of thin-walled elements and exhibited epitaxial growth from the bottom to the top and from the middle to both sides, while the top grains had more variations in growth orientation. The grains had a core-shell structure with a growth orientation along the < 100 > direction of the austenite structure, and the boundary was composed of migrated C and Cr. The micro-hardness of the thin-walled structure (240–320 Hv0.3) decreased with increasing the deposition thickness. The tensile strength and yield strength of the thin-walled parts were 669 and 475 MPa, respectively. The fracture mechanism was that cracks formed along the pores along the pores of the grain boundary and then propagated along them, ultimately leading to the fracture.
The effect of blood cells retained in rat livers during static cold storage on viability outcomes during normothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Haque Omar , Pendexter Casie A. , Wilks Benjamin T. , Hafiz Ehab O. A. , Markmann James F. , Uygun Korkut , Yeh Heidi , Tessier Shannon N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In transplantation, livers are transported to recipients using static cold storage (SCS), whereby livers are exposed to cold ischemic injury that contribute to post-transplant risk factors. We hypothesized that flushing organs during procurement with cold preservation solutions could influence the number of donor blood cells retained in the allograft thereby exacerbating cold ischemic injury. We present the results of rat livers that underwent 24h SCS after being flushed with a cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution versus room temperature (RT) lactated ringers (LR) solution. These results were compared to livers that were not flushed prior to SCS and thoroughly flushed livers without SCS. We used viability and injury metrics collected during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) and the number of retained peripheral cells (RPCs) measured by histology to compare outcomes. Compared to the cold UW flush group, livers flushed with RT LR had lower resistance, lactate, AST, and ALT at 6 hours of NMP. The number of RPCs also had significant positive correlations with resistance, lactate, and potassium levels and a negative correlation with energy charge. In conclusion, livers exposed to cold UW flush prior to SCS appear to perform worse during NMP, compared to RT LR flush.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac function in maternal gestational diabetes mellitus by speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Huang Peina , Deng Youbin , Feng Ling , Gao Yiping , Cheng Xueqing , Liu Hongyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac function in fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by using fetalHQ, a quantitative analysis software for the assessment of fetal cardiac function based on speckle tracking echocardiography. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 49 fetuses exposed to GDM and 50 normal fetuses were enrolled and fetal echocardiography were performed and analyzed. In the GDM group, left ventricular (24 ± 4 vs. 28 ± 4, p < 0.001) and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (23 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 4, p = 0.002) and right ventricular free wall strain (26 ± 6 vs. 29 ± 5, p = 0.006) were significantly lower compared with the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in global spherical index (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1, p = 0.425). Additionally, 24-segment transverse fraction shortening of the right ventricle was more impaired than the left and the segments with reduced fraction shortening were mainly located in the mid and apical sections of the right ventricle, and mid section of the left ventricle. In conclusion, fetuses exposed to GDM may have cardiac dysfunction before the onset of cardiac morphologic abnormalities, and the right ventricle is more vulnerable than the left during fetal development.
A tensor decomposition-based integrated analysis applicable to multiple gene expression profiles without sample matching
Authors: Y-h. Taguchi , Turki Turki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The integrated analysis of multiple gene expression profiles measured in distinct studies is always problematic.
Especially, missing sample matching and missing common labeling between distinct studies prevent the integration of multiple studies in fully data-driven and unsupervised manner. In this study, we propose a strategy enabling the integration of multiple gene expression profiles among multiple independent studies without either labeling or sample matching, using tensor decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction. As an example, we applied this strategy to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related gene expression profiles that lack exact correspondence among samples as well as AD single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. We found that we could select biologically reasonable genes with integrated analysis. Overall, integrated gene expression profiles can function analogously to prior learning and/or transfer learning strategies in other machine learning applications. For scRNA-seq, the proposed approach was able to drastically reduce the required computational memory.
DISTORTIONAL EXTREMA AND HOLES IN THE GEOMETRIC MANIFOLD
Authors: koehler dale 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structure are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Addition of Chromium and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-coated high carbon ferrochrome alloy on mild steel
Authors: Aramide Basiru Philip , Popoola Patricia , Sadiku Rotimi , Jamiru Tamba , Pityana Sisa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Laser cladding is an additive manufacturing technology that can be utilized in surface strengthening, modification, and repair of components that are subjected to adverse working conditions. This can be accomplished by the addition of functionally graded material with a remarkable limit to enhancing an engaged credited property of monolithic material that is superior and better than its monolithic counterparts. Chromium addition to the microstructure of components has been found to increase the electrochemical stability, high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance of laser additive manufactured components. The current study investigates the effect of the extra addition of chromium on the hardness and microstructure of laser coated high carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15 on steel baseplate.