bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSMC2 knockdown suppressed tumor progression of skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Yanwen , Qi Fazhi , Wei Chuanyuan , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Yong , Luan Wenjie , Gu Jianying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most lethal tumor among three of the major malignant cancers of the skin. The mechanism underlying the malignant biological behaviors of SKCM is not fully clear. Our study intended to verify the molecular mechanism of proteasome 26 S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2) in malignant biological behaviors of SKCM. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression of PSMC2 in SKCM and its impact on prognosis. PSMC2 expression in 105 paired SKCM tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), its functional roles were verified using a series of cell experiments, and the underlying pathway was detected by protein-chip technology and gene set enrichment analysis. We found that PSMC2 was significantly upregulated in SKCN patients from TCGA datasets and verified in clinical SKCM tissues. Moreover, high PSMC2 was shown to closely correlate with the pathological stages and lymphatic metastasis of SKCM patients. Functionally, knockdown of PSMC2 suppressed the progression of SKCM through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and DNA damage in vitro as well as cell growth in vivo, whereas inducing apoptosis, cycle arrest in G2 phase. Similarly, pharmaceutical inhibition of proteasome with MG132 mimicked the PSMC2 knockdown induced defects in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and proliferation, while overexpression of PSMC2 has the opposite effects. Mechanistically, the silence of PSMC2 remarkably elevated the pro-apoptotic proteins DR6, IGFBP-4, p21, and p53, while inhibited the anti-apoptosis protein TRAILR-3 and the proteins related to the Wnt signaling pathway. The present study revealed that PSMC2 participated in a positive regulation to promote the progression of SKCM through regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings may offer a new mechanism underlying the development and progression of SKCM, and a deeper understanding of PSMC2 may contribute to SKCM treatment.
Experimental realization of strain-induced room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrMnO3 films via selective oxygen annealing
Authors: An Hyunji , Choi Young-Gyun , Jo Yong-Ryun , Hong Hyo Jin , Kim Jeong-Kyu , Kwon Owoong , Kim Sangmo , Son Myungwoo , Yang Jiwoong , Park Jun-Cheol , Choi Hojoong , Lee Jongmin , Song Jaesun , Ham Moon-Ho , Ryu Sangwoo , Kim Yunseok , Bark Chung Wung , Ko Kyung-Tae , Kim Bong-Joong , Lee Sanghan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAntiferromagnetic-paraelectric SrMnO3 (SMO) has aroused interest because of the theoretical strong coupling between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic states with increasing epitaxial strain. In strained SMO films, the <110> polarized state and polar distortions have been observed, although high leakage currents and air degradation have limited their experimental verification. We herein provide a conclusive demonstration of room-temperature ferroelectricity and a high dielectric constant (εr = 138.1) in tensile-strained SMO by securing samples with insulating properties and clean surfaces using selective oxygen annealing. Furthermore, a paraelectricity and low dielectric constant (εr = 6.7) in the strain-relaxed SMO film have been identified as properties of the bulk SMO, which directly proves that the ferroelectricity of the tensile-strained SMO film is due to strain-induced polarization. We believe that these findings not only provide a cornerstone for exploring the physical properties of multiferroic SMO but also inspire new directions for single-phase multiferroics.
Structuring total angular momentum of light along the propagation direction with polarization-controlled meta-optics
Authors: Dorrah Ahmed H. , Rubin Noah A. , Tamagnone Michele , Zaidi Aun , Capasso Federico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in wavefront shaping have enabled complex classes of Structured Light which carry spin and orbital angular momentum, offering new tools for light-matter interaction, communications, and imaging. Controlling both components of angular momentum along the propagation direction can potentially extend such applications to 3D. However, beams of this kind have previously been realized using bench-top setups, requiring multiple interaction with light of a fixed input polarization, thus impeding their widespread applications. Here, we introduce two classes of metasurfaces that lift these constraints, namely: i) polarization-switchable plates that couple any pair of orthogonal polarizations to two vortices in which the magnitude and/or sense of vorticity vary locally with propagation, and ii) versatile plates that can structure both components of angular momentum, spin and orbital, independently, along the optical path while operating on incident light of any polarization. Compact and integrated devices of this type can advance light-matter interaction and imaging and may enable applications that are not accessible via other wavefront shaping tools.
Giant charge-to-spin conversion in ferromagnet via spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Hibino Yuki , Taniguchi Tomohiro , Yakushiji Kay , Fukushima Akio , Kubota Hitoshi , Yuasa Shinji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConverting charge current into spin current via the spin Hall effect enables efficient manipulation of magnetization by electrical current. However, its geometrical restriction is a serious obstacle to device applications because it prevents switching of perpendicular magnetization in the absence of an external field. To resolve this issue, ferromagnetic materials have attracted attentions because their time reversal asymmetry induces magnetic-dependent charge-to-spin conversion that removes this restriction. Here, we achieved a large enhancement of magnetic-dependent charge-to-spin conversion by clarifying its mechanism. Through layer thickness dependence of the conversion efficiency, we revealed a coexistence of interfacial and bulk contributions to the magnetic-dependent charge-to-spin conversion. Moreover, the interfacial contribution to charge-to-spin conversion is found to be dominant and can be controlled via interfacial band engineering. The efficiency of charge-to-spin conversion in ferromagnet was found to be an order larger than that of other materials with reduced symmetry.
Magnetic memory driven by topological insulators
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Aitian , Zhang Peng , He Haoran , Nance John , Guo Chenyang , Sasaki Julian , Shirokura Takanori , Hai Pham Nam , Fang Bin , Razavi Seyed Armin , Wong Kin , Wen Yan , Ma Yinchang , Yu Guoqiang , Carman Gregory P. , Han Xiufeng , Zhang Xixiang , Wang Kang L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiant spin-orbit torque (SOT) from topological insulators (TIs) provides an energy efficient writing method for magnetic memory, which, however, is still premature for practical applications due to the challenge of the integration with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here, we demonstrate a functional TI-MTJ device that could become the core element of the future energy-efficient spintronic devices, such as SOT-based magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM). The state-of-the-art tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 102% and the ultralow switching current density of 1.2 × 105 A cm−2 have been simultaneously achieved in the TI-MTJ device at room temperature, laying down the foundation for TI-driven SOT-MRAM. The charge-spin conversion efficiency θSH in TIs is quantified by both the SOT-induced shift of the magnetic switching field (θSH = 1.59) and the SOT-induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) (θSH = 1.02), which is one order of magnitude larger than that in conventional heavy metals. These results inspire a revolution of SOT-MRAM from classical to quantum materials, with great potential to further reduce the energy consumption.
Somatic driver mutation prevalence in 1844 prostate cancers identifies ZNRF3 loss as a predictor of metastatic relapse
Authors: Fraser Michael , Livingstone Julie , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Finelli Antonio , He Housheng Hansen , van der Kwast Theodorus , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Bristow Robert G. , Boutros Paul C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDriver gene mutations that are more prevalent in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) than localized disease represent candidate prognostic biomarkers. We analyze 1,844 localized (1,289) or mCRPC (555) tumors and quantify the prevalence of 113 somatic driver single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number aberrations (CNAs), and structural variants (SVs) in each state. One-third are significantly more prevalent in mCRPC than expected while a quarter are less prevalent. Mutations in AR and its enhancer are more prevalent in mCRPC, as are those in TP53, MYC, ZNRF3 and PRKDC. ZNRF3 loss is associated with decreased ZNRF3 mRNA abundance, WNT, cell cycle & PRC1/2 activity, and genomic instability. ZNRF3 loss, RNA downregulation and hypermethylation are prognostic of metastasis and overall survival, independent of clinical and pathologic indices. These data demonstrate a strategy for identifying biomarkers of localized cancer aggression, with ZNRF3 loss as a predictor of metastasis in prostate cancer.
3D printed biomimetic cochleae and machine learning co-modelling provides clinical informatics for cochlear implant patients
Authors: Lei Iek Man , Jiang Chen , Lei Chon Lok , de Rijk Simone Rosalie , Tam Yu Chuen , Swords Chloe , Sutcliffe Michael P. F. , Malliaras George G. , Bance Manohar , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCochlear implants restore hearing in patients with severe to profound deafness by delivering electrical stimuli inside the cochlea. Understanding stimulus current spread, and how it correlates to patient-dependent factors, is hampered by the poor accessibility of the inner ear and by the lack of clinically-relevant in vitro, in vivo or in silico models. Here, we present 3D printing-neural network co-modelling for interpreting electric field imaging profiles of cochlear implant patients. With tuneable electro-anatomy, the 3D printed cochleae can replicate clinical scenarios of electric field imaging profiles at the off-stimuli positions. The co-modelling framework demonstrated autonomous and robust predictions of patient profiles or cochlear geometry, unfolded the electro-anatomical factors causing current spread, assisted on-demand printing for implant testing, and inferred patients’ in vivo cochlear tissue resistivity (estimated mean = 6.6 kΩcm). We anticipate our framework will facilitate physical modelling and digital twin innovations for neuromodulation implants.
High-throughput and high-efficiency sample preparation for single-cell proteomics using a nested nanowell chip
Authors: Woo Jongmin , Williams Sarah M. , Markillie Lye Meng , Feng Song , Tsai Chia-Feng , Aguilera-Vazquez Victor , Sontag Ryan L. , Moore Ronald J. , Hu Dehong , Mehta Hardeep S. , Cantlon-Bruce Joshua , Liu Tao , Adkins Joshua N. , Smith Richard D. , Clair Geremy C. , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Zhu Ying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal quantification of protein abundances in single cells could provide direct information on cellular phenotypes and complement transcriptomics measurements. However, single-cell proteomics is still immature and confronts many technical challenges. Herein we describe a nested nanoPOTS (N2) chip to improve protein recovery, operation robustness, and processing throughput for isobaric-labeling-based scProteomics workflow. The N2 chip reduces reaction volume to <30 nL and increases capacity to >240 single cells on a single microchip. The tandem mass tag (TMT) pooling step is simplified by adding a microliter droplet on the nested nanowells to combine labeled single-cell samples. In the analysis of ~100 individual cells from three different cell lines, we demonstrate that the N2 chip-based scProteomics platform can robustly quantify ~1500 proteins and reveal membrane protein markers. Our analyses also reveal low protein abundance variations, suggesting the single-cell proteome profiles are highly stable for the cells cultured under identical conditions.
Microglia-specific overexpression of α-synuclein leads to severe dopaminergic neurodegeneration by phagocytic exhaustion and oxidative toxicity
Authors: Bido Simone , Muggeo Sharon , Massimino Luca , Marzi Matteo Jacopo , Giannelli Serena Gea , Melacini Elena , Nannoni Melania , Gambarè Diana , Bellini Edoardo , Ordazzo Gabriele , Rossi Greta , Maffezzini Camilla , Iannelli Angelo , Luoni Mirko , Bacigaluppi Marco , Gregori Silvia , Nicassio Francesco , Broccoli Vania 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent findings in human samples and animal models support the involvement of inflammation in the development of Parkinson’s disease. Nevertheless, it is currently unknown whether microglial activation constitutes a primary event in neurodegeneration. We generated a new mouse model by lentiviral-mediated selective α-synuclein (αSYN) accumulation in microglial cells. Surprisingly, these mice developed progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons without endogenous αSYN aggregation. Transcriptomics and functional assessment revealed that αSYN-accumulating microglial cells developed a strong reactive state with phagocytic exhaustion and excessive production of oxidative and proinflammatory molecules. This inflammatory state created a molecular feed-forward vicious cycle between microglia and IFNγ-secreting immune cells infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative and nitrosative molecule production was sufficient to attenuate neurodegeneration. These results suggest that αSYN accumulation in microglia induces selective DA neuronal degeneration by promoting phagocytic exhaustion, an excessively toxic environment and the selective recruitment of peripheral immune cells.
Coordination of fungal biofilm development by extracellular vesicle cargo
Authors: Zarnowski Robert , Noll Andrea , Chevrette Marc G. , Sanchez Hiram , Jones Ryley , Anhalt Hanna , Fossen Jen , Jaromin Anna , Currie Cameron , Nett Jeniel E. , Mitchell Aaron , Andes David R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms that protect it from drugs and the immune system. The biofilm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promote extracellular matrix formation and resistance to antifungal drugs. Here, we define functions for numerous EV cargo proteins in biofilm matrix assembly and drug resistance, as well as in fungal cell adhesion and dissemination. We use a machine-learning analysis of cargo proteomic data from mutants with EV production defects to identify 63 candidate gene products for which we construct mutant and complemented strains for study. Among these, 17 mutants display reduced biofilm matrix accumulation and antifungal drug resistance. An additional subset of 8 cargo mutants exhibit defects in adhesion and/or dispersion. Representative cargo proteins are shown to function as EV cargo through the ability of exogenous wild-type EVs to complement mutant phenotypic defects. Most functionally assigned cargo proteins have roles in two or more of the biofilm phases. Our results support that EVs provide community coordination throughout biofilm development in C. albicans.
Structural basis for high selectivity of a rice silicon channel Lsi1
Authors: Saitoh Yasunori , Mitani-Ueno Namiki , Saito Keisuke , Matsuki Kengo , Huang Sheng , Yang Lingli , Yamaji Naoki , Ishikita Hiroshi , Shen Jian-Ren , Ma Jian Feng , Suga Michihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon (Si), the most abundant mineral element in the earth’s crust, is taken up by plant roots in the form of silicic acid through Low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1). Lsi1 belongs to the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily in aquaporin and shows high selectivity for silicic acid. To uncover the structural basis for this high selectivity, here we show the crystal structure of the rice Lsi1 at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The structure reveals transmembrane helical orientations different from other aquaporins, characterized by a unique, widely opened, and hydrophilic selectivity filter (SF) composed of five residues. Our structural, functional, and theoretical investigations provide a solid structural basis for the Si uptake mechanism in plants, which will contribute to secure and sustainable rice production by manipulating Lsi1 selectivity for different metalloids.
Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lin Wei-Yu , Fordham Sarah E. , Hungate Eric , Sunter Nicola J. , Elstob Claire , Xu Yaobo , Park Catherine , Quante Anne , Strauch Konstantin , Gieger Christian , Skol Andrew , Rahman Thahira , Sucheston-Campbell Lara , Wang Junke , Hahn Theresa , Clay-Gilmour Alyssa I. , Jones Gail L. , Marr Helen J. , Jackson Graham H. , Menne Tobias , Collin Mathew , Ivey Adam , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel H. , Fitzgibbon Jude , Larson Richard A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Stock Wendy , Heidenreich Olaf , Alharbi Abrar , Allsup David J. , Houlston Richard S. , Norden Jean , Dickinson Anne M. , Douglas Elisabeth , Lendrem Clare , Daly Ann K. , Palm Louise , Piechocki Kim , Jeffries Sally , Bornhäuser Martin , Röllig Christoph , Altmann Heidi , Ruhnke Leo , Kunadt Desiree , Wagenführ Lisa , Cordell Heather J. , Darlay Rebecca , Andersen Mette K. , Fontana Maria C. , Martinelli Giovanni , Marconi Giovanni , Sanz Miguel A. , Cervera José , Gómez-Seguí Inés , Cluzeau Thomas , Moreilhon Chimène , Raynaud Sophie , Sill Heinz , Voso Maria Teresa , Lo-Coco Francesco , Dombret Hervé , Cheok Meyling , Preudhomme Claude , Gale Rosemary E. , Linch David , Gaal-Wesinger Julia , Masszi Andras , Nowak Daniel , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Gilkes Amanda , Porkka Kimmo , Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Kralovics Robert , Grimwade David , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Torsten , Krizsán Szilvia , Bödör Csaba , Stölzel Friedrich , Onel Kenan , Allan James M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with an undefined heritable risk. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, with replication in a fourth study, incorporating a total of 4018 AML cases and 10488 controls. We identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for AML at 11q13.2 (rs4930561; P = 2.15 × 10−8; KMT5B). We also identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for the cytogenetically normal AML sub-group (N = 1287) at 6p21.32 (rs3916765; P = 1.51 × 10−10; HLA). Our results inform on AML etiology and identify putative functional genes operating in histone methylation (KMT5B) and immune function (HLA).
Tuneable separation of gold by selective precipitation using a simple and recyclable diamide
Authors: Kinsman Luke M. M. , Ngwenya Bryne T. , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe efficient separation of metals from ores and secondary sources such as electronic waste is necessary to realising circularity in metal supply. Precipitation processes are increasingly popular and are reliant on designing and understanding chemical recognition to achieve selectivity. Here we show that a simple tertiary diamide precipitates gold selectively from aqueous acidic solutions, including from aqua regia solutions of electronic waste. The X-ray crystal structure of the precipitate displays an infinite chain of diamide cations interleaved with tetrachloridoaurate. Gold is released from the precipitate on contact with water, enabling ligand recycling. The diamide is highly selective, with its addition to 29 metals in 2 M HCl resulting in 70% gold uptake and minimal removal of other metals. At 6 M HCl, complete collection of gold, iron, tin, and platinum occurs, demonstrating that adaptable selective metal precipitation is controlled by just one variable. This discovery could be exploited in metal refining and recycling processes due to its tuneable selectivity under different leaching conditions, the avoidance of organic solvents inherent to biphasic extraction, and the straightforward recycling of the precipitant.
Inner nuclear protein Matrin-3 coordinates cell differentiation by stabilizing chromatin architecture
Authors: Cha Hye Ji , Uyan Özgün , Kai Yan , Liu Tianxin , Zhu Qian , Tothova Zuzana , Botten Giovanni A. , Xu Jian , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Dekker Job , Orkin Stuart H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrecise control of gene expression during differentiation relies on the interplay of chromatin and nuclear structure. Despite an established contribution of nuclear membrane proteins to developmental gene regulation, little is known regarding the role of inner nuclear proteins. Here we demonstrate that loss of the nuclear scaffolding protein Matrin-3 (Matr3) in erythroid cells leads to morphological and gene expression changes characteristic of accelerated maturation, as well as broad alterations in chromatin organization similar to those accompanying differentiation. Matr3 protein interacts with CTCF and the cohesin complex, and its loss perturbs their occupancy at a subset of sites. Destabilization of CTCF and cohesin binding correlates with altered transcription and accelerated differentiation. This association is conserved in embryonic stem cells. Our findings indicate Matr3 negatively affects cell fate transitions and demonstrate that a critical inner nuclear protein impacts occupancy of architectural factors, culminating in broad effects on chromatin organization and cell differentiation.
Geolocation of unpublished archaeological sites in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Coomes Oliver T. , Rivas Panduro Santiago , Abizaid Christian , Takasaki Yoshito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPublished maps identifying archaeological sites in the Amazon basin show a paucity of sites in western Amazonia compared to the Brazilian Amazon. Whereas fewer than two dozen are identified for the Peruvian Amazon on basin-wide maps, a thorough review of unpublished archival material held by the Ministry of Culture of Peru and other sources revealed more than 400 known but unpublished sites in the Department of Loreto, challenging the notion that the region was sparsely occupied in prehistory. Our database provides the geolocation of each site and corresponding references for use by scientists seeking to better understand regional Pre-Columbian human occupation and settlement, cultural change, resource use and their landscape legacies. These data are foundational not only to the development of a richer understanding of prehistory and historical ecology of the Amazon basin but importantly for informing current land use, forest conservation and development policies as well as initiatives to support indigenous land and cultural rights in Amazonia.
Oscillatory visual mechanisms revealed by random temporal sampling
Authors: Arguin Martin , Ferrandez Roxanne , Massé Justine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly apparent that functionally significant neural activity is oscillatory in nature. Demonstrating the implications of this mode of operation for perceptual/cognitive function remains somewhat elusive. This report describes the technique of random temporal sampling for the investigation of visual oscillatory mechanisms. The technique is applied in visual recognition experiments using different stimulus classes (words, familiar objects, novel objects, and faces). Classification images reveal variations of perceptual effectiveness according to the temporal features of stimulus visibility. These classification images are also decomposed into their power and phase spectra. Stimulus classes lead to distinct outcomes and the power spectra of classification images are highly generalizable across individuals. Moreover, stimulus class can be reliably decoded from the power spectrum of individual classification images. These findings and other aspects of the results validate random temporal sampling as a promising new method to study oscillatory visual mechanisms.