bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Keratoplasty for Low to Moderate Hyperopia: 1-year Results
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G , Naoumidi Tatiana L , Panagopoulou Sophia I , Alegakis Athanasios K , Astyrakakis Nikolaos I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty in the treatment of low to moderate hyperopia and evaluate the impact of the procedure on the quality of vision.
METHODS: Thirty-six eyes (25 patients; 13 female and 12 male) were treated for hyperopia up to +3.25 D with a Refractec ViewPoint CK system and followed for 1 year. Mean age was 50.2 ± 8.7 years (range 31 to 71).
RESULTS: Before surgery, mean spherical equivalent refraction was +1.90 ± 0.60 D (range +1.00 to +3.25 D), decreasing at 1 year after conductive keratoplasty to -0.06 ± 0.80 D, and was within ±0.50 D of emmetropia in 68% (24 eyes) and within ±2.00 D in all eyes. Twelve months after conductive keratoplasty, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 19 eyes (50%) and 20/40 or better in 32 eyes (89%). No eye lost ≥2 Snellen lines or had induced cylinder ≥2.00 D. The mean root mean square values for higher order optical aberrations were 0.060 ± 0.039 before and 0.174 ± 0.170 at 3 months after surgery. No statistically significant changes in contrast sensitivity were noted.
CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty for low to moderate hyperopia provided safe, effective, and stable results both in refraction and quality of vision. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:496-506]
Diameters of Topographic Optical Zone and Programmed Ablation Zone for Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Partal Andreea E , Manche Edward E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare topographic optical zones with programmed ablation zone settings of eyes treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia using the VISX S2 excimer laser.
METHODS: Two-hundred three eyes treated with LASIK using the VISX S2 excimer laser were retrospectively evaluated to determine the size of the topographic optical zone. Three to six months after LASIK, the topographic optical zone was measured at the zone of highest curvature on topography and subtraction topography. Eyes were divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) in order of increasing myopia.
RESULTS: When the topographic optical zone was compared with the programmed ablation zone, an optical zone reduction of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm and 0.4 ± 0.1 mm was found for the longest and shortest diameters, respectively. For eyes with spherical ablation zones, this reduction was 0.6 * 0.1 mm and 0.4 ± 0.1 mm shorter than the programmed horizontal and vertical dimensions. Groups A, B, C, and D, in order of increasing myopia, all showed reductions of approximately 0.5 ±0.1 mm for the longest and 0.3 to 0.4 ± 0.1 mm for the shortest diameters of the optical zone.
CONCLUSIONS: The topographic optical zone was reduced from the programmed ablation zone. This reduction was statistically significant for both elliptical and spherical ablations, and seemed to be independent of the amount of myopia. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:528-5331
Aberration Analyses Needed for FDA Evaluation of Safety and Effectiveness of Wavefront-guided Refractive Surgical Devices
Authors: Drum Bruce A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Manufacturers of refractive surgical lasers are seeking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for refractive surgery based on wavefront measurements rather than manifest refractions. This article draws attention to the need for better understanding of the relationship between aberrations and visual function and better testing methods for evaluating safety and effectiveness of wavefront-guided refractive surgery.
METHODS: Before U.S. market approval for a new medical device, the FDA must determine whether the manufacturer has provided reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective for its intended use, based on valid scientific evidence. The issues discussed here are based on FDA reviewers' experiences in evaluating Investigational Device Exemption (DDE) and Premarket Approval (PMA) applications for wavefront-guided refractive lasers.
RESULTS: Even an optimal wavefront correction can provide only a marginally greater visual function benefit than a conventional spherocylindrical correction in a normal eye. Actual benefits are even smaller or nonexistent because variability from uncontrollable sources (eg, healing, aging, accommodation, pupil size, or ocular biomechanical effects) are typically larger than the errors treated. The effects of higher order aberrations and aberration changes on visual function are complex and poorly understood.
CONCLUSIONS: The FDAs need for better tools to assess safety and effectiveness of wavefrontguided refractive surgery has stimulated major research efforts within the vision, ophthalmic, and Optometrie research communities. More research is needed to better understand the relationship between aberrations and visual function, and to be able to predict the visual effects of specific aberration changes in individual eyes. This research would have been more appropriately done before rather than after clinical trials for wavefrontguided refractive lasers. [J Refract Surg 2003;19: S588-S591]
From Scattering to Wavefronts-What's in Between?
Authors: Mrochen Michael , Semchishen Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Some optical errors are too localized and random to be detected by commercial wavefront devices and Zernike polynomial expression. We looked beyond aberrations defined by Zernike expression to discuss implications of fine irregularities associated with highly aberrated corneal surfaces and complex surface roughness that can lead to light scattering.
METHODS: Most fine irregularities are related to postoperative surface roughness, complexities of corneal ablation, and the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap. These can be characterized mathematically by a random function that includes local surface tilts, the correlation radius of irregularities (Ic), surface roughness, and other terms. The Kirchoff method of scatter analysis characterizes fine surface irregularities by replacing each point on the surface with a tangential plane, allowing it to be governed by Snellen and Fresnel laws,
RESULTS: The joint action of the continuum of microbeams defines a complex point spread function that can be expressed by the Strehl ratio. Small, highly irregular steep central islands and flap striae may not be adequately detected by Zernike expression and may have a surface irregularity diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm and height of 10 to 20 pm that results in a reduced Strehl ratio below 0.8. Laser ablation inhomogeneities may have dimensions of 1 to 10 urn, resulting in a root mean square tilt value approaching 1.0 and a Strehl ratio below 0.5.
CONCLUSION: Corneal surface irregularities after laser vision correction may induce significant optical aberrations and distortions apart from classical wavefront or scattering errors. As these may not be detected by commercial wavefront devices, and yet contribute to the degradation of optical performance, alternate techniques should be evaluated to detect and describe these surface irregularities. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:S597-S601]
Intraoperative Wavefront Monitoring During Laser Thermal Keratoplasty
Authors: Krueger Ronald R , Gomez Pedro , Herekar Satish 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Low energy laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) is being proposed as an alternative to conventional holmium LTK in an effort to minimize corneal tissue necrosis, regression, and induced astigmatism. Real-time wavefront monitoring during surgery is also being proposed as a method for regulating induced aberrations and the treatment end point. We evaluated the feasibility of intraoperative wavefront monitoring during low energy LTK.
METHODS: An investigational prototype system combining a Sunrise Hyperion laser with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (Wavefront Sciences COAS) was used to treat 20 hyperopic eyes with a low energy application of eight spots of 18mJ/shot (144mJ/pulse) at 5 Hz in two rings of 6 mm and 7-mm diameter, while monitoring the treatment with real-time dynamic wavefront sensing up to 10 captures/second of 4th order Zernike data.
RESULTS: The integrated wavefront-monitored LTK unit showed good stability in measuring dynamic intraoperative wavefront refractions before, during, and after the low energy LTK treatment. The readings did not interfere with the application of holmium laser pulses, nor did the LTK treatment distort the captured wavefront readings. A steady improvement of the wavefront-derived spherical equivalent refraction followed the laser treatment pattern, with a mean attempted spherical equivalent refractive change of 1.66 D and mean achieved change of 1.71 D.
CONCLUSION: Intraoperative wavefront monitoring was feasible during low energy LTK. With future adaptation, it might be possible to dynamically relay the captured wavefront information to the laser during ongoing treatment, to intraoperatively control the surgical endpoint for multiple aberration terms. [J Refract Surg 2003;19: S602-S607]
Ferrara Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments for Severe Keratoconus
Authors: Miranda Danielle , Sartori Marta , Francesconi Claudia , Allemann Norma , Ferrara Paulo , Campos Mauro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: lntrastromal Ferrara ring segments were inserted in eyes with severe keratoconus to evaluate safety and efficacy of this procedure.METHODS: lntrastromal Ferrara ring segments were placed in 36 eyes of 35 patients with severe keratoconus, who were evaluated after 12 months of follow-up. All patients had highly disabling visual acuity, contact lens intolerance, and a previous indication for penetrating keratoplasty. Statistical analysis included preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, and pachymetry.RESULTS: No patient had a loss of visual acuity. Uncorrected visual acuity improved in 28 eyes (77.78Cf) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in 29 eyes (80.56%). Spherical equivalent refraction decreased from -7.29 ± 3.12 D to -4.80 ± 3.04 D at 12 months after Ferrara intrastromal ring segment implantation. Corneal topography and ultrasound biomicroscopy showed corneal flattening, demonstrated by thinning of the central cornea and a reduction in anterior chamber depth. Segment decentration occurred in one eye (2.7%), asymmetric positioning of the segments in two eyes (5%), inadequate depth in two eyes (5%), migration of the segments in two eyes (5%), segment extrusion in five eyes (13.8%), conjunctivitis in one eye (2.7%), bacterial keratitis in one eye (2.7%), and hydrops in one eye (2.7%).CONCLUSIONS: With these early results, Ferrara intrastromal ring segments appear to be an alternative for the treatment of severe keratoconus. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:645-653]
Use of a Short Wavelength Filter in an Operating Microscope
Authors: Keates Richard H , Armstrong Paul F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There is growing concern over the potential phototoxic effect on the patient's retina from the coaxial illumination of the operating microscope. By replacing the existing red-free filter in the body of a Zeiss operating microscope, with a 470-nm filter, the ultraviolet and low wavelength blue light can be easily and effectively filtered from the transmitted white light. In this location, the filter can be quickly and safely rotated into or out of line with the transmitted light depending on the preference of the ophthalmologist.
Sickle Cell Hyphema With Secondary Glaucoma in a Non-Black Patient
Authors: Greenwald Mark J , Crowley Timothy M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 5-year-old Mexican-American boy developed marked elevation of intraocular pressure in association with a small traumatic hyphema. Laboratory studies prompted by this clinical presentation revealed that the child had sickle trait. Pressure returned to normal after surgical evacuation of blood from the anterior chamber. Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of secondary glaucoma following blunt ocular trauma even in non-black patients.
Ectopic Lacrimal Gland Tissue of the Orbit and Sclerosing Dacryoadenitis
Authors: Margo Curtis E , Naugle Thomas C , Karcioglu Zeynel A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 28-year-old man with unilateral proptosis was found to have sclerosing dacryoadenitis and ectopic lacrimal gland tissue of the orbit. The unusual combination simulated invasive adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland both clinically and histopathologically. Based on clinical and experimental observations, we propose that the acinar gland atrophy and fibrous replacement of the lacrimal gland and of the heterotopic tissue was the result of a primary developmental abnormality associated with obstruction to normal gland outflow. Physician awareness that ectopic lacrimal gland tissue in the orbit can be affected by sclerosing dacryoadenitis is probably the most critical factor in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Acellular Proteinaceous Film on Lens Implants: A Typical Reactive Situation in Complicated Cases
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The more or less complete absence of fibroblast-like cells from reactive membranes on the optics of lens implants is demonstrated in four clinically complicated cases of pseudophakia. This is associated with preservation of the film-like proteinaceous part of these membranes. In these cases the lack of cells is believed to be secondary in nature and a sign of significant adaptation difficulties.
Lacrimal Gland Duct Cysts
Authors: Hornblass Albert , Herschorn Brian J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Lacrimal gland duct cysts develop insidiously in the superotemporal cul de sac. They may be preceded by trauma, infection, or inflammation of the conjunctiva. They are often asymptomatic but may induce discomfort, a sensation of fullness, a visible mass, lid distortion or ectropion. Fluctuation in size with weeping or environmental stimuli is seen. Histopathology is variable. Six cases are described to demonstrate the features. Complete excision of each cyst by meticulous dissection through a conjunctival approach was performed. Total resection is the optimal technique to prevent recurrence.
Gentle, Technically Simple Repositioning of Displaced Lacrimal Tubing
Authors: Gonnering Russell S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Lateral displacement at the medial canthus is the most common complication following lacrimal intubation. Current procedures for dealing with this situation involve the removal of the tubing, and are either technically difficult or else involve retrograde passage of the knotted silicone through one of the canaliculi. By passing both probes of a second intubation set through the same punctum, the loop of the displaced tubing can be captured and gently repositioned without removal. This is particularly useful with early displacement of the tubing following microsurgical repair of a canalicular laceration.
A New Lens for Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Ritch Robert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Most ophthalmologists perform laser trabeculoplasty with a Goldmann three-mirror lens with an anti-reflective coating. The view of the superior angle, which is frequently narrower than the inferior angle, often presents difficulties in treatment. A lens has been devised which gives improved views of the superior portion of the angle. Plano-convex buttons provide magnification and increase resolution for difficult situations.
Wills Eye Hospital Traumatic Hyphema Study
Authors: Cassel Gary H , Jeffers John B , Jaeger Edward A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hyphema associated with nonpenetrating ocular trauma is a common cause for emergency hospitalization. The complications which result from this form of eye injury can cause permanent impairment of vision.
Complications within the study population were reviewed. Analysis found a 16% rate of rebleeding, with the majority of these occurring within three to four days following the traumatic event. Unfortunately, no risk factors could be identified to help predict which patients were more at risk of complications. However, management of the complications which did develop in the study population was effective.
Anterior Chamber Washout for Traumatic Hyphema
Authors: Belcher C Davis , Brown Steven V L , Simmons Richard J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A surgical approach that involves paracentesis and gentle anterior chamber washout and minimal surgical trauma is presented for dealing with traumatic hyphema. This technique taught by Dr. Paul Chandler produces excellent results and is safe, simple, and without need for elaborate instrumentation.
Combined Trabeculectomy and Cataract Extraction
Authors: Dellaporta Angelos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Combined trepanotrabeculectomy (TTE) and intracapsular cataract extraction for advanced cataract and severe open angle glaucoma proved to be successful in 84% of the operated eyes which were followed for one to 11 years. Complications were infrequent as compared to other combined procedures. The frequency of postoperative flat anterior chamber in particular was much lower. In 77% of the eyes the surgical scars were covered by normal conjunctiva without evidence of extraocular filtration. No avascular cystic blebs formed. The same operation performed as a secondary procedure seems to be equally successful. Eight eyes, which previously had successful trepanotrabeculectomy, developed cataract, which was removed without impinging on the function of the trabeculectomy scars. If the two operations are to be performed in separate sittings, it is advisable to perform the TTE first, followed by cataract extraction.
Vision Parameters in Krypton and Laser Photocoagulation of Subfoveal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Melrose Mark A , Magargal Larry E , Donoso Larry A , Goldberg Richard E , Edmonds Susan E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A prospective study of 78 patients, treated with krypton red laser (KRL) photocoagulation, who had senile macular degeneration (SMD) and subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNVM) located within 200u of the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), was undertaken to determine if complete eradication of the SRNVM would minimize the resultant foveal scar size and retain the maximal useful functional vision as compared to untreated fellow eyes with a disciform scar.
The typical patient profile with SMD and subfoveal SRNVM included: average age, 73.6 years; caucasian, 99%; females, 62%; lightly pigmented iris, 70%; hyperopic refractive error, 93%; and evidence of bilateral involvement with either predisciform or disciform lesions, 73%.
In comparing eyes treated with KRL having 100% FAZ involvement with fellow untreated eyes having disciform scars, the latter had poorer average visual acuity (44% vs 100% ≤20/200), scars which were an average of five times larger (8.4 vs 38.6 sq mm) and scotomas which were an average of six times larger (15.7 vs 90 sq cm) as determined by new microcomputer technology.
In all bilaterally affected cases, eyes with smaller scars and scotomas required less magnification from a low vision aid to read continuous standardized 1M print. Sixteen of 17 patients (94%) preferred the low vision aid for their treated eye. These preliminary results suggest that treatment of SRNVM within the FAZ using KRL may be successful in arresting the progressive macular hemorrhagic-exudative damage typical of untreated cases which culminate in loss of central visual function. Successful treatment, by preserving areas of paracentral fixation, can enhance the chances of visual rehabilitation using conventional low vision aids.
Lid Retraction and Levator Aponeurosis Defects in Graves' Eye Disease
Authors: Frueh Bartley R , Musch David C , Garber Frank W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Vertical palpebral fissure determinants and lid crease height were measured in patients with Graves' eye disease (GED) and in normal subjects. The fissure and crease height are positively correlated with exophthalmometer readings in each group. Compensatory levator aponeurosis defects are shown to occur in patients with GED. These, along with the effect of exophthalmos on the lower lid position, the observation that the lower lid is closer to the inferior limbus than the upper lid is to the superior limbus in normal subjects, and the effect of contracture of the inferior rectus on the lower lid position, explain why inferior scleral show is found to be greater than superior scleral show in patients with GED. Thus, lid retractor surgery in GED patients should be performed only after the palpebral fissure, levator function, and lid crease height stabilize, and after any contemplated surgery that would alter the exophthalmos and extraocular muscles has been performed.
Retrobulbar Anesthesia and Orbicularis Akinesia
Authors: Martin Stephen R , Baker Sterling S , Muenzler W Stanley 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
After noting that simple retrobulbar injection often caused orbicularis akinesia, we evaluated this phenomenon prospectively. A total of 50 patients were given a standard injection using 3 cc of a 50-50 mixture of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and hyaluronidase. The entire 3 cc was injected into the muscle cone through an inferolateral lid entry using a 35-mm retrobulbar needle of either 23- or 27-gauge. Injection was considered successful if orbicularis function was sufficiently reduced to proceed with an intraocular case after a single retrobulbar injection. If facial nerve block was necessary or if the patients lid moved during surgery, then the procedure was considered a failure. Of the 50 patients, 44 achieved adequate akinesia of the orbicularis after retrobulbar injection alone, giving a success rate of 88%. Benefits of this method include lower drug volume, decreased chance for direct nerve damage during a facial nerve block, less pain, less ecchymosis, and less edema following surgery.
Temporal Branch Retinal Vein Obstruction: A Review
Authors: Magargal Larry E , Kimmel Andrew S , Sanborn George E , Annesley William H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two hundred forty-six eyes with temporal branch retinal vein obstruction (TBRVO) were studied prospectively. Of the 85 eyes not receiving laser treatment, 35 (41%) presented with ≥20/50 vision and 89% remained in this group; whereas, 29 eyes (34%) presented with ≤20/200 vision and only 17% improved. Of the 161 eyes receiving laser, 40 (25%) had ≥20/50 vision pre-treatment and 75% remained in this group; whereas, 64 eyes (40%) had ≤20/200 vision pre-treatment and 50% improved. The average final VA (20/70 vs 20/100), risk of developing neovascularization in ischemic TBRVO (3% vs 34%) and risk of vitreous hemorrhage in proliferative TBRVO (10% vs 57%) were all significantly better in treated eyes (p ≤ 0.01).
Aiming Accuracy in Ophthalmic Laser Microsurgery
Authors: Rol Pascal , Fankhauser Franz , Kwasniewska Sylwia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A number of aiming/focusing systems, oriented toward guiding the treatment beams of photodisruptive, high power Nd:YAG lasers, are analyzed and evaluated. A system, consisting of two frequency modulated, rotating laser beams, which outline the Nd:YAG laser beam shape, is shown to be the optimal solution.
The Effects of Nonfixated Lower Lens Haptics of Binkhorst Lenses on Corneal Endothelial Cell Density
Authors: Richards Brad W , Richards Winn L , Olson Randall J , Richards Scott C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
At specified intervals up to 56 months postoperatively, we took central corneal endothelial cell measurements of 52 patients who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with placement of a Heyer-Schulte IC-10 iridocapsular intraocular lens. We then compared the endothelial cell density of patients in whom the lower lens haptic was fixated within the capsule with those in whom it was nonfixated. We found that nonfixation of the lower lens haptic, which in essence converts the irido-capsular lens to an iris-supported lens, does not cause continuing endothelial cell loss.