bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Saha Anurag , Amonkar Gayathri P , Desai Heena , Baro Bhanita , Agrawal Ruchi 
Published: September 2021

Context:
In this autopsy study, the various morphological patterns of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been analyzed and compared along with their etiopathogenesis.

Aims:
We aimed to study the prevalence and clinicopathological correlation of ARDS based on age, gender, hospital stay, symptoms, clinical diagnosis, gross, and microscopy findings.

Subjects and Methods:
Total 130 cases of ARDS were studied over a period of 5 years. Age, gender, hospital stay duration, symptoms, clinical diagnosis, gross and microscopic lung finding, clinicopathological correlation, and cause of death were documented and analyzed. Special stains were done whenever required.

Statistical Analysis:
This is an observational study, and simple statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation have been used for continuous variables.

Results:
The prevalence of ARDS among the adult autopsy was 6.05%. Majority of the cases were in the age group of 18–30 years (36.9%), with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Chief complaints were fever (71%), breathlessness (54.6%), and chills (43.8%). The main clinical diagnoses were ARDS (41.6%), sepsis (28.3%), acute febrile illness (17%), and lower respiratory tract infection (12.5%). Most of the patients had a hospital stay of <1 day. Associated conditions mostly included chronic alcoholism (16.1%), pregnancy (16.1%), and chronic smoking (10.7%). Major findings on gross examination were intrapulmonary hemorrhage (38.5%), ARDS (33%), pulmonary edema (13%), and pneumonia (15.3%).On microscopy, major findings were hyaline membrane (84.6%), intrapulmonary hemorrhage (76.1%), pulmonary edema (75.3%), organizing fibrin (55.3%), and bronchopneumonia (36.2%).

Conclusion:
Infections were one of the major predisposing causes of ARDS. Due to the short interval, the underlying cause for ARDS often goes undiagnosed.
Utility of various inflammatory markers in predicting outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Marimuthu Aishwarya K , Anandhan Monisha , Sundararajan Lakshmikanthan , Chandrasekaran Jagadeesh , Ramakrishnan Balasubramaniam 
Published: September 2021

Aim:
The aim of the study is to study the utility of various inflammatory markers in predicting outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Primary Objective:
The primary objective of the study is to analyze the correlation between various inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality.

Secondary Objectives:
The secondary objective of the study is to assess the correlation between the inflammatory markers and clinical category of patients, and other outcomes such as length of hospital stay and need for invasive ventilation.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was done in 221 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in South India from May 2020 to July 2020. Clinical and laboratory data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were collected. This included epidemiological data, clinical data, laboratory parameter (neutrophil: lymphocyte [N: L] ratio, C-reactive protein [CRP], ferritin, interleukin-6 [IL-6], lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and procalcitonin), treatment details, and outcomes.

Results:
IL-6 levels >60.5 pg/mL and D-dimer levels >0.5 mcg/mL predicted in-hospital mortality with sensitivities of 80% and 76.7%, respectively. N: L ratio and CRP levels had good correlation with the need for oxygen supplementation and/or invasive ventilation.

Conclusions:
Judicious use of COVID-19 biomarkers could help in disease prognostication and thereby provide guidance to devise appropriate management strategies.
Endotracheal tube cuff position in relation to the cricoid in children
Authors: Wani Tariq M. , John Jiju , Bahun Vladimir , AlGhamdi Faris , Tumin Dmitry , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) has become the standard of care in pediatric practice. The rationale for the use of a cuffed ETT is to minimize pressure around the cricoid while providing an effective airway seal. However, safe care requires that the cuff lie distal to the cricoid ring following endotracheal intubation. The current study demonstrates the capability of computed tomography (CT) imaging in identifying the position of the cuff of the ETT in intubated patients.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the ETT cuff position was examined on the sagittal plane images of neck and chest CT scans of 44 children. The position of the proximal and the distal aspect of the ETT cuff inside the trachea was recorded in relation to the vertebral levels. The vertebral levels were used to estimate the location of the cricoid ring and its relationship to the cuff.

Results:
The vertebrae were used as the primary landmarks to define the position of the cricoid and its relationship to the cuff of the ETT. Correlating vertebral levels with the cricoid for different age groups, the proximal (cephalad) edge of the ETT cuff was below the cricoid in 41 of 44 patients (93%). The ETT cuff was deep in 6 patients, below the 1st thoracic vertebra, with 2 ETTs in the right mainstem bronchus.

Conclusion:
This is the first study demonstrating that the cuff of the ETT and its position in the trachea can be identified on CT imaging in children. The ETT cuff was below the level of the cricoid in the majority of patients irrespective of the patient's age as well as the size, make, and type of ETT.
PROFESSORES DE GEOGRAFIA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II E AS LEIS FEDERAIS 10.639/2003 E 11.645/2008
Authors: De Ávila Melo Sampaio Adriany , Gomes da Silva Aluê 
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como os professores de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental II aplica as leis federais 10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008 em sala de aula. Estas leis incluíram oficial no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática “Histórias e Culturas Afro-Brasileiras e Indígenas”. O estudo terá caráter qualitativo, com ênfase na Análise de conteúdo das respostas dos professores de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental II de escolas públicas da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, que participaram da pesquisa. As leis federais 10.639/03 e 11.645/08 se propõe a refletir, atribui à discussão e reflexão acerca da história, da memória e da luta dos povos negros e indígenas socialmente excluídos ao longo do processo histórico do Brasil, até os dias atuais. De modo geral percebe-se que os professores têm avançado em relação às leis, como também o interesse de trabalhar com a temática, por isso a necessidade de formação de professores para aproximação e desmitificação para com os conhecimentos da cultura indígena, africana e afro brasileira. Construir uma identidade positiva e de afirmação social do indígena e do negro é necessário. A escola deve se apropriar de estratégias educativas de combate às formas de discriminação étnica, inicialmente a partir de uma formação dos profissionais da educação, e inclui-los nas ações pedagógicas que forneçam aos alunos a oportunidade de valorizar, conhecer, vivenciar a cultura negra e indígena. A Geografia a partir de suas categorias como lugar, paisagem, território e região, tem condições de realizar uma docência antirracista, mas para isso são necessários a formação inicial e continuada, e também de livros e outros materiais didáticos na mesma perspectiva.
La acción tutorial en el posgrado Reflexiones y principales desafíos en la formación investigativa
Authors: Deserti Elia Olea , Pulido Ruth Salazar 
Published: September 2021

En el momento actual, siglo XXI, es muy importante hacer una reflexión sobre la acción tutorial que se ofrece en el posgrado a los estudiantes de maestría y doctorado. Para ello, es necesario hacer un análisis del contexto, la normativa, los aspectos inherentes a la acción investigativa en cuanto a los saberes y las acciones y se presenta un panorama general de las características de los tutores y tutorados. Antes de la discusión y conclusiones, se incluyen los principales desafíos que, a juicio de las autoras, se tienen que atender y dar respuesta ya que el avance de un país depende fundamentalmente de la investigación, el desarrollo y la innovación realizada por los investigadores, quienes son formados en las secciones de posgrado der las instituciones educativas, con el acompañamiento, el apoyo y la orientación de un académico-tutor.

At the present time, XXI century, it is very important to make a reflection on the tutorial action offered to master and doctoral students at the postgraduate level. For this purpose, it is necessary to make an analysis of the context, the regulations, the aspects inherent to the research action in terms of knowledge and actions, and an overview of the characteristics of tutors and tutored students is presented. Before the discussion and conclusions, the main challenges that, in the authors' opinion, must be addressed and responded to are included, since the progress of a country depends fundamentally on the research, development and innovation carried out by researchers, who are trained in the postgraduate sections of the educational institutions, with the accompaniment, support and guidance of an academic-tutor.
Derecho, política y administración ambiental: una propuesta teórica-metodológica para el estudio microhistórico del territorio mexicano
Authors: Romero José Feliciano Pérez , López-Acosta Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se expone una propuesta teórica-metodológica para la reconstrucción microhistórica de los procesos de gestión ambiental que a través del tiempo reconfiguraron los paisajes culturales del territorio mexicano. El análisis se plantea desde un enfoque fenomenológico e interdisciplinario, con el auxilio de métodos mixtos ―cualitativos y cuantitativos― tomados de las técnicas metodológicas de investigación trazadas por Luis González y González. La entrevista a profundidad; la observación personal; la consulta de fuentes bibliográficas y de archivo histórico; la fotografía antigua y contemporánea; y, las reuniones de diálogo colegiado, son algunas de las técnicas metodológicas que se proponen para el levantamiento de la información. Esta propuesta busca ser una herramienta científica para la comprensión de los procesos socioambientales que definen, estructuran y alteran el significado de los paisajes del territorio nacional.

This work presents a theoretical-methodological proposal for the microhistorical reconstruction of the environmental management processes that over time configured landscapes of the Mexican territory. The analysis is proposed from a phenomenological and interdisciplinary approach, with the help of mixed methods ―qualitative and quantitative― taken from the methodological research techniques outlined by Luis González and González. The in-depth interview; personal observation; consultation of bibliographic and historical archive sources; ancient and contemporary photography; and the collegiate dialogue meetings are some of the methodological techniques that are proposed for gathering information. This proposal seeks to be a scientific tool for understanding the socio-environmental processes that define, structure and alter the meaning of the contemporary landscapes of the national territory.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif dengan Program Microsoft Power Point Materi Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan MI/SD
Authors: Mirfax Anindita Berliana 
Published: September 2021

The use of technology in this era of the COVID-19 pandemic is very much needed. Due to the process of teaching and learning activities currently using the online system. In order to support the progress of education in Indonesia, it is necessary to develop technology-based learning media. Such as interactive multimedia based on the use of Microsoft Power Point programs. In this multimedia combines images, text, sound animation and video, so that it is effective in supporting online learning. This study uses the Research & Development method and also uses the ADDIE model in multimedia development, so that it becomes a multimedia that can be used effectively and efficiently. In addition, using interactive multimedia can build an interesting learning, as well as fun and meaningful learning. With this, it is hoped that teachers can take advantage of interactive multimedia-based power point media so that learning goals are easier to achieve even with Distance Learning (PJJ).
Abstrak
Pemanfaatan teknologi di era pandemic covid-19 ini sangat ini sangat dibutuhkan. Dikarenakan proses kegiatan belajar mengajar saat ini menggunakan sistem Online. Guna mendukung kemajuan pendidikan di Indonesia perlu pengembangan dari media pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi. Seperti Multimedia Interaktif berbasis pemanfaatan program Microsoft Power Point. Dalam multimedia ini mengkobinasikan gambar, teks, animasi suara dan video, sehingga eektif dalam mendukung pembelajran daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research & Development dan juga mneggunakan model ADDIE dalam pengembangan multimedia, agar menjadi multimedia yang dapat digunakan dengan efektif dan efisien. Selain itu menggunakan multimedia interaktif ini dapat membangun sebuah pembelajaran yang menarik, serta pembelejaran yang menyenangkan dan bermakna. Dengan ini diharapkan bapak-ibu guru dapat memanfaatkan media berbasis multimedia interaktif power point agar tujuan pembelajaran lebih mudah tercapai walaupun dengan Pembelajarn Jarak Jauh (PJJ)
Penggunaan Media Lembar Balik (Flip Chart) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Tematik
Authors: Azizah Nur , Carlian Yayan , Pratiwi Inne Marthyane 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe the differences in students' cognitive learning outcomes between those who use flip chart media and those who use pictures media. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) through two cycles and in each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The sample in this study were all students of class V-A MI At-Taqwa Rancaekek. The data collection technique was carried out with a Double Choice test (DC), observation sheets, and interviews. Data analysis techniques used by researchers are descriptive analysis for qualitative data and statistical analysis for quantitative data. This can be seen from the increasing value of the average activity of students and educators in each cycle. Student activities during cycle 1 amounted to 68.8% with less information, then student activity increased in cycle 2 by 84.3% with good information. Then the activities of educators in cycle 1 amounted to 86% with good information, then the activities of educators in cycle 2 amounted to 93% with very good information.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa antara yang menggunakan media lembar balik (flip chart) dengan yang menggunakan media gambar. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan melalui II siklus dan pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelakasanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V-A MI At-Taqwa Rancaekek. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes Piihan Ganda (PG), lembar observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan peneliti yaitu analisis deskriptif untuk data kualitatif dan analisis statistik untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa antara yang menggunakan media lembar balik dengan yang menggunakan media gambar. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari meningkatnya nilai rata-rata aktivitas siswa dan pendidik pada setiap siklus. Aktivitas siswa pada saat siklus 1 sebesar 68,8% dengan keterangan kurang, kemudian aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan pada siklus 2 sebesar 84,3% dengan keterangan baik. Kemudian aktivitas pendidik pada siklus 1 sebesar 86% dengan keterangan baik, kemudian aktivitas pendidik pada siklus 2 sebesar 93% dengan keterangan sangat baik.
Accounting Policies, Management Judgements And Financial Reporting Quality Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Nigeria: A Survey
Authors: Nangih Efeeloo , Wali Samuel Chikwuchehia , Anyanwu Peggy Oluchi 
Published: September 2021

The accounting policy adopted by an enterprise, together with the level of approximations done by the management in financial statements, could either enhance or impair their relevance and reliability, and by extension, the credibility of financial decisions made by users of such reports. This is because financial statements portray the financial position and performance of entities. This study assesses the influence of management’s choice of accounting policy and accounting approximations in financial statements on the quality of financial reports of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria. The study was anchored on the Stakeholders’ theory. The study also adopted the survey design approach. Data were mainly collected through the questionnaire and was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression techniques. Findings revealed that wrong approximations may affect the quality of financial reports, together with other factors. It was recommended that management of small and medium enterprises should adhere to the provisions of accounting standards when designing their accounting policies and in their judgements/approximations; in order to reduce material errors and enhance the quality of their financial report.
Atravesando el corazón de las tinieblas
Authors: Piscoya Alejandro 
Published: September 2021

Llevamos ya varios meses navegando a través de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y parece que hasta el momento no tenemos visos de controlar al virus apesar de las múltiples medidas tomadas a lo largo del mundo ni tampoco parece estar cerca alguna solución definitiva.
Hemorragia digestiva masiva por fístulas secundarias de grandes vasos al tracto digestivo
Authors: Chacaltana Mendoza Alfonso , Abad Nuñez Jacqueline , Quinte Sarmiento Danny , Vásquez Quiroga Jorge 
Published: September 2021

La formación de una fístula entre arterias de gran calibre y el tubo digestivo es una complicación infrecuente de la cirugía reconstructiva de los grandes vasos sanguíneos secundario al uso de prótesis vasculares, los cuales se manifiestan con hemorragias masivas con elevada mortalidad. Presentamos dos casos de fístula aorto-entérico y de fístula carotideo-esofágicoque comparten características comunes como la manifestación clínica de hemorragia digestiva masiva y mortal en pacientes con antecedentes de colocación de prótesis vasculares.
Síndrome de Wilkie secundario a hipertiroidismo exógeno en una paciente con hipotiroidismo primario autoinmune: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cervantes Pérez Enrique , Martínez-Soto Holguín Martha C. , Diaz Juárez Juan Pedro , Reyes Ramírez Ana Luz del C. 
Published: September 2021

El síndrome de Wilkie o de arteria mesentérica superior es una causa poco común de obstrucción intestinal proximal, relacionada a pérdida de peso reciente. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 19 años que se presenta a la clínica con pérdida de peso, dolor abdominal, nausea y vomito. Los exámenes de laboratorio reportaron anemia, hipoalbuminemia,hipomagnesemia y una hormona estimulante de la tiroides suprimida secundario al uso con levotiroxina. Se realizó una serieesofagogastroduodenal con datos compatibles con dilatación gástrica severa, gastroparesia y una tomografía axial computada reveló un ángulo aortomesentérico de 11,7°. Se inicio manejo conservador a base de nutrición enteral y parenteral total, siendo este el tratamiento de elección. En casos refractarios, la cirugía es una opción segura y efectiva.
Tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de vías biliares en un paciente pediátrico
Authors: Prado-Cucho Sofía , Huanca-Amesquita Lourdes 
Published: September 2021

El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio es una neoplasia mesenquimal infrecuente, realizar el diagnóstico clínico así como el patológico por biopsias es un desafío. Presentamos un caso de un paciente pediátrico con tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio localizado a nivel de las vías biliares. Se realizaron estudios de laboratorio así como imagenológicos en los cuales se planteó un diagnóstico inexacto, del mismo modo cuando se envió la muestra de la lesión para el análisis intraoperatorio a través de técnicas de congelación, el reporte microscópico también fue incorrecto. Sin embargo cuando se realizó la revisión de las láminas tras la inclusión de la lesión y complementando con estudios de inmunohistoquimica, se concluyó que la lesión correspondió a un tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio.
Autoregressive Neural Network EURO STOXX 50 Forecasting Model Based on Principal Component Stock Selection
Authors: Alrub Ahmad Abu , Awwad Tahir Abu , Al-Saadi Emad 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The given study looks into forecast accuracy of a traditional ARIMA model while comparing it to Autoregressive Neural Network (AR-NN) model for 984 trading days on EURO STOXX 50 Index.
Methodology: A hybrid model is constructed by combining ARIMA model and feed-forward neural network model aiming to attain linear and non-linear price fluctuations. The study also incorporates the investigation of component stock prices of the index, that can be selected to improve the predictability of the hybrid model.
Findings:The reached ARIMA (1,1,3) model showed higher scores than AR-NN model however integrating selected exogenous stock prices from the index components gave much notable accuracy results. The selected exogenous stocks were extracted after conducting PCA and model scores were compared via MAPE and RMSE.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The major contribution of this work is to provide the researcher and fnancial analyst a systematic approach for development of intelligent methodology to forecast stock market. This paper also presents the outlines of proposed work with the aim to enhance the performance of existing techniques. Therefore, Empirical analysis is employed along with a hybrid model based on a feed-forward Neural Network. Lesser error is attained on the test set of Index stock price by comparing the performance of ARIMA and AR-NN while forecasting. Hence, The components of extracted Index stock price like exogenous features are added to make an influence from the AR-NN model.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN KENYA. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW.
Authors: NGETHE DANSON 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: There is a variety of electronic waste found in the country ranging from computers, cellular phones, televisions sets, refrigerators, and entertainment electronics amongst others. The general objective of the study was access the influence of electronic waste management systems in Kenya. A critical literature review
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concludes that the methods employed in e-waste management were still inadequate. Most importers disposed of the undistributed computers and mobile phone at a discounted price to retailers and consumers. Very few importers used extended ·producer responsibility. In addition, majority of the end users used auctioning as a method of e-waste management.
Recommendations: The study suggested that there is a need for the manufacturer to design a system which provides incentives to consumers to bring back products to the appropriate collection points. The incentives can be used in the beginning of the collection scheme as a way of advertising the scheme and when the scheme is well established the manufacturer can review and determine if there is need for incentives.
Keywords: influence, electronic waste, management systems, Kenya