bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical extension of the recursive multi‐fidelity model for the emulation of hole closure experiments
Authors: Muyskens Amanda , Schmidt Kathleen , Nelms Matthew , Barton Nathan , Florando Jeffrey , Kupresanin Ana , Rivera David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn regimes of high strain rate, the strength of materials often cannot be measured directly in experiments. Instead, the strength is inferred based on an experimental observable, such as a change in shape, that is matched by simulations supported by a known strength model. In hole closure experiments, the rate and degree to which a central hole in a plate of material closes during a dynamic loading event are used to infer material strength parameters. Due to the complexity of the experiment, many computationally expensive, three‐dimensional simulations are necessary to train an emulator for calibration or other analyses. These simulations can be run at multiple grid resolutions, where dense grids are slower but more accurate. In an effort to reduce the computational cost, a combination of simulations with different resolutions can be combined to develop an accurate emulator within a limited training time. We explore the novel design and construction of an appropriate functional recursive multi‐fidelity emulator of a strength model for tantalum in hole closure experiments that can be applied to arbitrarily large training data. Hence, by formulating a multi‐fidelity model to employ low‐fidelity simulations, we were able to reduce the error of our emulator by approximately 81% with only an approximately 1.6% increase in computing resource utilization.
Type II Collagen-Positive Embryonic Progenitors are the Major Contributors to Spine and Intervertebral Disc Development and Repair
Authors: Li Xinhua , Yang Shuting , Qin Ling , Yang Shuying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBasic mechanism of spine development is poorly understood. Type II collagen positive (Col2+) cells have been reported to encompass early mesenchymal progenitors that continue to become chondrocytes, osteoblasts, stromal cells, and adipocytes in long bone. However, the function of Col2+ cells in spine and intervertebral disc (IVD) development is largely unknown. To further elucidate the function of Col2+ progenitors in spine, we generated the mice with ablation of Col2+ cells either at embryonic or at postnatal stage. Embryonic ablation of Col2+ progenitors caused the mouse die at newborn with the absence of all spine and IVD. Moreover, postnatal deletion Col2+ cells in spine resulted in a shorter growth plate and endplate cartilage, defected inner annulus fibrosus, a less compact and markedly decreased gel-like matrix in the nucleus pulposus and disorganized cell alignment in each compartment of IVD. Genetic lineage tracing IVD cell populations by using inducible Col2-creERT;tdTomato reporter mice and non-inducible Col2-cre;tdTomato reporter mice revealed that the numbers and differentiation ability of Col2+ progenitors decreased with age. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining showed type II collagen expression changed from extracellular matrix to cytoplasm in nucleus pulposus between 6 month and 1-year-old mice. Finally, fate-mapping studies revealed that Col2+ progenitors are essential for IVD repair in IVD injured model. In summary, embryonic Col2+ cells are the major source of spine development and Col2+ progenitors are the important contributors for IVD repair and regeneration.
Wavelength‐Tunable, Long Lifetime, and Biocompatible Luminescent Nanoparticles Based on a Vitamin E‐Derived Material for Inflammation and Tumor Imaging
Authors: Yan Xinhao , Lin Wenjie , Liu Huan , Pu Wendan , Li Junhong , Wu Peng , Ding Jun , Luo Gaoxing , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLuminescence imaging is one of the most effective noninvasive strategies for detection and stratification of inflammation and oxidative stress that are closely related to the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic diseases. Herein biocompatible nanoparticles based on a peroxalate ester derived from vitamin E (defined as OVE) are developed. In combination with different fluorophores, OVE can generate luminescence systems with emission wavelengths varying from blue to the near‐infrared light in its native and nanoparticle forms, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The OVE‐based nanoprobes exhibit high luminescence signals with extremely long lifetime, upon triggering by inflammatory conditions with abnormally elevated H2O2. Activated neutrophils and macrophages can be illuminated by this type of luminescent nanoprobes, with luminescence intensities positively correlated with inflammatory cell counts. In mouse models of peritonitis, alcoholic liver injury, drug‐induced acute liver injury, and acute lung injury, the developed luminescence nanoprobes enable precision imaging of inflammation and disease progression. Moreover, tumors expressing a high level of H2O2 can be shined. Importantly, the OVE‐based nanoplatform shows excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility.
Architecturing 1D‐2D‐3D Multidimensional Coupled CsPbI2Br Perovskites toward Highly Effective and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Kun , Yuan Songyang , Xian Yeming , Long Yi , Yao Qin , Rahman Naveed Ur , Guo Yang , Sun Mingyuan , Xue Qifan , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cabot Andreu , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the rapid development of CsPbIxBr3−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) inorganic perovskite solar cells, associated with their superior thermal stability, their low moisture stability limits their commercial deployment. In this study, 1D‐2D‐3D multidimensional coupled perovskites are prepared by means of an in situ self‐integration approach. This pioneering method allows incorporating thus far unreported 1D‐Tpy2Pb3I6 and 2D‐TpyPb3I6 (Tpy; terpyridine) perovskites. Heterojunction perovskites demonstrate superior stability against water in comparison with control 3D CsPbI2Br, which is related to the hydrophobicity of low‐dimension (LD) perovskites. Remarkably, the spontaneous involvement of LD perovskites can adjust/reconstruct the interfacial structure. This modification allows releasing the residual strain, establishing effective charge transfer channels that increase the carrier transport ability. Accordingly, 1D‐2D‐3D hybrid CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells demonstrate a stabilized power conversion efficiency as high as 16.1%, which represents a very significant improvement, by a factor of 43%, with respect to control 3D CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell. Equally importantly, the multidimensional coupled perovskite solar cells exhibit extraordinary stability, well above 1000 h in ambient atmosphere.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Ge0.955−xSbxTe/FeGe2 Composites Enabled by Hierarchical Defects
Authors: Xie Li , Liu Ruiheng , Zhu Chenxi , Bu Zhonglin , Qiu Wujie , Liu Jianjun , Xu Fangfang , Pei Yanzhong , Bai Shengqiang , Chen Lidong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractManipulations of carrier and phonon scatterings through hierarchical structures have been proved to be effective in improving thermoelectric performance. Previous efforts in GeTe‐based materials mainly focus on simultaneously optimizing the carrier concentration and band structure. In this work, a synergistic strategy to tailor thermal and electrical transport properties of GeTe by combination with the scattering effects from both Ge vacancies and other defects is reported. The addition of Fe in GeTe‐based compounds introduces the secondary phase of FeGe2, synchronously increasing the concentration of Ge vacancies and arousing more Ge planar defects. These hierarchical defects contribute to a large scattering factor, leading to a significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient and further a splendid power factor. Meanwhile, benefiting from the reinforced phonon scatterings by multiscale hierarchical structures, an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity is successfully achieved. With simultaneously optimized electrical and thermal transport properties, a maximum figure of merit, zT, value of 2.1 at 750 K and an average zT value of 1.5 in 400–800 K are realized in Ge0.875Sb0.08Te/1.5%FeGe2. This work demonstrates that manipulation of hierarchical defects is an effective strategy to optimize the thermoelectric properties.
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Magnetic Starch as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline‐6,8(9H)‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Shamkhani Fatemeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Bahadorikhalili Saeed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, sulfonic acid functionalize magnetic starch (denoted Starch/SPION@SO3H) is fabricated by the polymerization of 4‐styrenesulfonic acid on the surface of magnetic starch. Magnetic starch (Starch/SPION) is synthesized by covalent modification of starch by silica capsulate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). For this purpose, Starch/SPION is modified by allyltrimethoxysilane, follows by the polymerization of 4‐styrenesulfonic acid onto this material. The catalyst is characterized by various characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and acid/base titration. The characterizations prove the structure of Starch/SPION@SO3H catalyst. The catalytic activity of Starch/SPION@SO3H is evaluated in the multicomponent reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, benzaldehydes, dimedone, and ammonium acetate for the synthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline‐6,8(9H)‐dione derivatives. The catalyst shows very good activity in the synthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline‐6,8(9H)‐dione derivatives. Several benzaldehydes with electron donating or electron withdrawing functionalities are used as starting material and all the substrates give the desired products in high isolated yields. In addition, the catalyst is extremely reusable during 10 sequential runs. Characterization of Starch/SPION@SO3H catalyst by TEM, VSM, and acid/base titration after recovery from the reaction proves the stability of the catalyst in the reaction conditions.
Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis: A new assessment of the São Paulo part of his collecting itinerary, its vegetation, and species list
Authors: Pastore José Floriano Barêa , Mota Michelle , de Menezes Helen Fernandes , Trovó Marcelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur analysis of Vellozo's itineraries and his manuscript annotations show that ca. 1/4 of the names described in his Florae Fluminensis were based on plants collected in the municipality of Cunha, state of São Paulo. This region, within the Atlantic Forest domain, encompasses various vegetation formations, such as montane ombrophilous forests, mixed ombrophilous forests, and high‐altitude open savanna enclaves. Using Vellozo's manuscripts, we traced his collecting itinerary, correlating his descriptive terms for the vegetation types to the toponyms and dates. In contrast to the term “maritimus”, associated in Florae Fluminensis with the Atlantic Forest vegetation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the term “mediterraneus” is associated with the vegetation along the Royal Road (Estrada Real) in the region of Cunha, state of São Paulo and is usually related to the term “transalpinus” of the region of mountaintops delimiting the border between the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Maps of Vellozo's itinerary, as well as a discussion of species names most likely described from the state of São Paulo are provided.
Development and validation of an observation protocol for measuring science teachers' modeling‐based teaching performance
Authors: Shi Fan , Wang Lei , Liu Xiufeng , Chiu Mei‐Hung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo achieve the goal of cultivating students' scientific modeling competence, it is crucial to improve teachers' epistemic knowledge and skills with respect to modeling‐based teaching. Taking into consideration existing studies on enhancing teaching competence and teachers' professional development on modeling, and the importance of classroom teaching quality for effective and meaningful teaching and learning, we proposed a framework for the assessment of teachers' modeling‐based teaching performance (MBTP) in science classrooms. Based on the framework, we developed hypotheses on 18 MBTP indicators and five levels of MBTP, and created a modeling‐based teaching observation protocol (MBTOP) to test these hypotheses, to see how well they represent teachers' levels of MBTP, and how well they differentiate teachers with different MBTPs. We found that most of the lessons in our research sample were at a low level, and MBTP indicators proposed in this study could distinguish individual lessons in terms of their levels of MBTP. The validated performance indicators and levels can provide insights for the assessment and development of teachers' modeling‐based teaching competencies in science teaching.
The protective effect of early dietary fat consumption on Alzheimer's disease–related pathology and cognitive function in mice
Authors: Amelianchik Anna , Merkel Jonathan , Palanisamy Premkumar , Kaneki Shigeru , Hyatt Emily , Norris Erin H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt has been suggested that obesity may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, yet the numerous publications on this topic have inconsistent results and conclusions.MethodsOur study examined the effect of varying the timing of high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption on AD‐related pathology and cognition in transgenic Tg6799 AD mice.ResultsHFD feeding starting at or before 3 months of age, prior to severe AD pathology, had protective effects in AD mice: reduced extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, decreased fibrinogen extravasation into the brain parenchyma, and improved cognitive function. However, delaying HFD consumption until 6 months of age, when AD pathology is ubiquitous, reduced these protective effects in AD mice.DiscussionOverall, we demonstrate that the timeline of HFD consumption may play an important role in how dietary fats affect AD pathogenesis and cognitive function.
Use of extruded eggshell as a calcium source substituting limestone or oyster shell in the diet of laying hens
Authors: Islam Mohammad Aminul , Nishibori Masahide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nutritional values of limestone, oyster shell and extruded eggshells were evaluated using different methods. In total, 120 ready‐to‐lay pullets, 18‐week‐old ISA Brown were distributed into six dietary groups, namely D1 (4% limestone), D2 (8% limestone), D3 (4% oyster shell), D4 (8% oyster shell), D5 (4% eggshell) and D6 (8% eggshell), to assess the effect of calcium sources on egg production, egg quality, dry matter and cholesterol content of the egg. Kitchen‐extruded eggshell contained 98.52, 4.24, 29.75 and 14.82% DM, CP, Ca and P, whereas hatchery‐extruded eggshell contained 99.20, 13.80, 25.53 and 13.87% DM, CP, Ca and P, respectively. Limestone and Oyster shells contained 99.60 and 99.51% DM, and 37.12 and 35.20% Ca, respectively. Body weight, egg, hen day and egg mass production, and FCR did not differ among diets (p > .05). Egg production tended to increase with the increase of hen‐housed egg production (p < .001) in D6, followed by D2, D5, D3, D4 and D1, respectively. The lowest production cost and the highest net profit were observed in D6, followed by D2, D4, D5, D1 and D3, respectively. Diet with 8% Ca sources performed better than the diets with 4% Ca sources in terms of egg quality and dry matter content, where D6 was comparable to D2 or D4. The weight of egg, albumen, yolk, eggshell, dry yolk and yolk–albumen ratio increased, while dry albumen and eggshell weight, eggshell strength and thickness, Haugh unit, yolk index and egg‐specific gravity decreased with the increase in bird's age. The cholesterol content of yolk was statistically similar among diets. Therefore, no adverse effect of calcium sources on the production of laying hen was observed. Of these, extruded eggshell especially the 8% extruded eggshell may be beneficial to use in the diet of laying hen for producing a quality, safe and profitable egg.
Gravitational wave complementarity and impact of NANOGrav data on gravitational leptogenesis
Authors: Samanta Rome , Datta Satyabrata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In seesaw mechanism, if right handed (RH) neutrino masses are generated dynamically by a gauged U(1) symmetry breaking, a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) sourced by a cosmic string network could be a potential probe of leptogenesis. We show that the leptogenesis mechanism that facilitates the dominant production of lepton asymmetry via the quantum effects of right-handed neutrinos in gravitational background, can be probed by GW detectors as well as next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) experiments in a complementary way. We infer that for a successful leptogenesis, an exclusion limit on f − ΩGWh2 plane would correspond to an exclusion on the |mββ| − m1 plane as well. We consider a normal light neutrino mass ordering and discuss how recent NANOGrav pulsar timing data (if interpreted as GW signal) e.g., at 95% CL, would correlate with the potential discovery or null signal in 0νββ decay experiments.
Intertwining operator and integrable hierarchies from topological strings
Authors: Bourgine Jean-Emile 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In [1], Nakatsu and Takasaki have shown that the melting crystal model behind the topological strings vertex provides a tau-function of the KP hierarchy after an appropriate time deformation. We revisit their derivation with a focus on the underlying quantum W1+∞ symmetry. Specifically, we point out the role played by automorphisms and the connection with the intertwiner — or vertex operator — of the algebra. This algebraic perspective allows us to extend part of their derivation to the refined melting crystal model, lifting the algebra to the quantum toroidal algebra of $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
(1) (also called Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra). In this way, we take a first step toward the definition of deformed hierarchies associated to A-model refined topological strings.
On stability of fermionic superconducting current in cosmic string
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Kobayashi Shin , Nakayama Yuhei , Shirai Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, the chiral superconductivity of the cosmic string in the axion model has gathered attention. The superconductive nature can alter the standard understanding of the cosmology of the axion model. For example, a string loop with a sizable super-conducting current can become a stable configuration, which is called a Vorton. The superconductive nature can also affect the cosmological evolution of the string network. In this paper, we study the stability of the superconducting current in the string. We find the superconductivity is indeed stable for a straight string or infinitely small string core size, even if the carrier particles are unstable in the vacuum. However we also find that the carrier particle decays in a curved string in typical axion models, if the carrier particles are unstable in the vacuum. Accordingly, the lifetime of the Vorton is not far from that of the carrier particle in the vacuum.
On systems of maximal quantum chaos
Authors: Blake Mike , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A remarkable feature of chaos in many-body quantum systems is the existence of a bound on the quantum Lyapunov exponent. An important question is to understand what is special about maximally chaotic systems which saturate this bound. Here we provide further evidence for the ‘hydrodynamic’ origin of chaos in such systems, and discuss hallmarks of maximally chaotic systems. We first provide evidence that a hydrodynamic effective field theory of chaos we previously proposed should be understood as a theory of maximally chaotic systems. We then emphasize and make explicit a signature of maximal chaos which was only implicit in prior literature, namely the suppression of exponential growth in commutator squares of generic few-body operators. We provide a general argument for this suppression within our chaos effective field theory, and illustrate it using SYK models and holographic systems. We speculate that this suppression indicates that the nature of operator scrambling in maximally chaotic systems is fundamentally different to scrambling in non-maximally chaotic systems. We also discuss a simplest scenario for the existence of a maximally chaotic regime at sufficiently large distances even for non-maximally chaotic systems.
Long Tsunami Oscillations Following the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Aegean Sea Earthquake: Observations and Modelling
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Pranantyo Ignatius Ryan , Okuwaki Ryo , Dogan Gozde Guney , Yalciner Ahmet C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEastern Mediterranean Sea has experienced four tsunamigenic earthquakes since 2017, which delivered moderate damage to coastal communities in Turkey and Greece. The most recent of these tsunamis occurred on 30 October 2020 in the Aegean Sea, which was generated by an Mw7.0 normal-faulting earthquake, offshore Izmir province (Turkey) and Samos Island (Greece). The earthquake was destructive and caused death tolls of 117 and 2 in Turkey and Greece, respectively. The tsunami produced moderate damage and killed one person in Turkey. Due to the semi-enclosed nature of the Aegean Sea basin, any tsunami perturbation in this sea is expected to trigger several basin oscillations. Here, we study the 2020 tsunami through sea level data analysis and numerical simulations with the aim of further understanding tsunami behavior in the Aegean Sea. Analysis of data from available tide gauges showed that the maximum zero-to-crest tsunami amplitude was 5.1–11.9 cm. The arrival times of the maximum tsunami wave were up to 14.9 h after the first tsunami arrivals at each station. The duration of tsunami oscillation was from 19.6 h to > 90 h at various tide gauges. Spectral analysis revealed several peak periods for the tsunami; we identified the tsunami source periods as 14.2–23.3 min. We attributed other peak periods (4.5 min, 5.7 min, 6.9 min, 7.8 min, 9.9 min, 10.2 min and 32.0 min) to non-source phenomena such as basin and sub-basin oscillations. By comparing surveyed run-up and coastal heights with simulated ones, we noticed the north-dipping fault model better reproduces the tsunami observations as compared to the south-dipping fault model. However, we are unable to choose a fault model because the surveyed run-up data are very limited and are sparsely distributed. Additional researches on this event using other types of geophysical data are required to determine the actual fault plane of the earthquake.
Optimization of metallic powder filaments for additive manufacturing extrusion (MEX)
Authors: Cerejo Fábio , Gatões Daniel , Vieira M. T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of metallic powder particles has been establishing itself as sustainable, whatever the technology selected. Material extrusion (MEX) integrates the ongoing effort to improve AM sustainability, in which low-cost equipment is associated with a decrease of powder waste during manufacturing. MEX has been gaining increasing interest for building 3D functional/structural metallic parts because it incorporates the consolidated knowledge from powder injection moulding/extrusion feedstocks into the AM scope—filament extrusion layer-by-layer. Moreover, MEX as an indirect process can overcome some of the technical limitations of direct AM processes (laser/electron-beam-based) regarding energy-matter interactions. The present study reveals an optimal methodology to produce MEX filament feedstocks (metallic powder, binder, and additives), having in mind to attain the highest metallic powder content. Nevertheless, the main challenges are also to achieve high extrudability and a suitable ratio between stiffness and flexibility. The metallic powder volume content (vol.%) in the feedstocks was evaluated by the critical powder volume concentration (CPVC). Subsequently, the rheology of the feedstocks was established by means of the mixing torque value, which is related to the filament extrudability performance.