bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of necrotizing fasciitis of neck – Our experience
Authors: Antony X Joyson , G Aarthi 
Published: January 2021

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe bacterial infection characterized by progressive necrosis of the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. Even though it rarely involves the cervical region, this condition carries high mortality rate. So, it requires prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment with extensive debridement and adequate antibiotics.50yrs old man presented with a rapidly progressing ulcer on left side of face and neck with extensive gangrenous changes of the surrounding skin. He was a known case of diabetes mellitus and was on irregular medication. Underwent extensive debridement within 12 hours of presentation and managed with antibiotics and Vacuum assisted dressing. Strict diabetic control achieved with the help of insulin.Satisfactory outcome can be achieved by early diagnosis, aggressive surgery along with adequate antibiotic therapy and strict diabetic control. Vacuum assisted closure helps in early recovery.
Network explanations of the gender gap in migrants’ employment patterns: Use of online and offline networks in the Netherlands
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Seibel Verena 
Published: January 2021

Objective: We investigate the relation between having online and offline personal networks and employment for male and female migrants in the Netherlands.
Background: Previous research diagnoses an alarming gender gap for migrants in their employment patterns. Although social networks are identified as being crucial for migrants’ labor market participation, we know very little about how migrant men and women differ in their social networks and how these differences translate into varying employment opportunities.
Method: Drawing on the Dutch Immigrant Panel of LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences) dataset, we examined migrants’ employment patters who have arrived to the Netherlands under different migration streams by conducting logistic regression models.
Results: We identify two major findings. While contrary to our expectations, migrant women tend to be connected with those who are employed and with a Dutch background, less connected to men and have a rather dense network structure. Nonetheless, women’s personal networks do not significantly account for their unemployment, but rather their less use of LinkedIn than migrant men.
Conclusion: Our findings have implications in understanding network inequalities for female migrants in their labor market participation.
A Deep-Learning-Based Approach for Reservoir Production Forecast under Uncertainty
Authors: Zhong Zhi , Sun Alexander Y. , Ren Bo , Wang Yanyong 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a deep-learning-based proxy modeling approach to efficiently forecast reservoir pressure and fluid saturation in heterogeneous reservoirs during waterflooding. The proxy model is built on a recently developed deep-learning framework, the coupled generative adversarial network (Co-GAN), to learn the joint distribution of multidomain high-dimensional image data. In our formulation, the inputs include reservoir static properties (permeability), injection rates, and forecast time, while the outputs include the reservoir dynamic states (i.e., reservoir pressure and fluid saturation) corresponding to the forecast time. Training data obtained from full-scale numerical reservoir simulations were used to train the Co-GAN proxy model, and then testing data were used to evaluate the accuracy and generalization ability of the trained model. Results indicate that the Co-GAN proxy model can predict the reservoir pressure and fluid saturation with high accuracy, which in turn, enable accurate predictions of well production rates. Moreover, the Co-GAN proxy model also is robust in extrapolating dynamic reservoir states. The deep-learning proxy models developed in this work provide a new and fast alternative to estimating reservoir production in real time.
A Novel Experimental Method for Mudcake Removal Efficiency of Spacer
Authors: Zheng Rui , Li Yong , Jin Jian-Zhou , Liu Zi-Shuai 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Effective removal of mudcake from the wellbore before cementing is critical to developing an excellent bond between cement and formation. The application of spacer can remove mudcake effectively. The evaluation of mudcake removal efficiency is significant to the design of spacer. The methods proposed by scholars have limits on the development of mudcake and the simulation of the flushing process. For this paper, a novel apparatus used to test mudcake removal efficiency was designed. A novel experimental method for mudcake removal efficiency of spacer was proposed. The influence factors of mudcake removal efficiency are discussed. The method can evaluate the flushing efficiency quantitatively and provide guidance for designing of spacer.
Exercise-Induced Engagement of the IL-15/IL15Rα axis Promotes Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Bar-Sagi Dafna , Kurz Emma , Dalton Tanner , Shadaloey Sorin , Vucic Emily , Winograd Rafael , Hirsch Carolina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a central role in controlling cancer development and progression, as well as in responses to therapeutic interventions. However, the mechanisms that control their mobilization, composition, and function are not completely understood. Here, we show that aerobic exercise is sufficient to induce an intra-tumoral expansion of activated CD8 T cells and a reduction in tumor growth in murine models of pancreatic cancer. Specifically, exercise-induced spikes in epinephrine promote a systemic immune mobilization and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating IL15Rα+ CD8 T cells. This sub-population of activated CD8 T cells is responsible for the tumor protective and immune activating benefits of aerobic exercise, as both are abrogated in the context of IL-15 antagonism. Notably, the anti-tumor effect of aerobic exercise is potentiated by PD-1 blockade, suggesting a therapeutically exploitable link between an exercise-oncology axis and immune intervention strategies in a largely intractable disease.
Selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of bio-oil to oxygenated chemicals via suppression of deoxygenation
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhuang Taotao , Yan Yu , Qian Jin , Dick Graham , de Bueren Jean Behaghel , Hung Sung-Fu , Wang Ziyun , Wicks Joshua , De Arquer F. Pelayo Garcia , Abed Jehad , Wang Ning , Rasouli Armin , Lee Geonhui , Wang Miao , He Daping , Wang Zhe , Liang Zhixiu , Song Liang , Wang Xue , Chen Bin , Ozden Adnan , Lum Yanwei , Leow Wan Ru , Luo Mingchuan , Meira Déboa , Ip Alexander , Luterbacher Jeremy , Zhao Wei , Sargent Edward 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of bio-oil provides an avenue to produce renewable chemicals. To this end, electrocatalytic hydrogenation is especially interesting when powered using low-carbon electricity; however, it has to date lacked the needed selectivity: when hydrogenating bio-oil to oxygenated hydrocarbons, for example, it reduces the desired oxygenated groups (-OH and -OCH3). Here we report that Rh and Au modulate electronic structure of Pt and steer intermediate energetics to favor the hydrogenation while suppressing deoxygenation using computational studies and in-situ spectroscopies. PtRhAu catalysts achieve a record 47% faradaic efficiency (FE) and a partial current density (Jp) of 28 mA·cm-2 toward oxygenated 2-methoxycyclohexanol from lignin-derived guaiacol under room temperature and ambient pressure, representing 1.5x FE and 3.5x Jp increases compared to the best prior reports. We further demonstrate an integrated lignin biorefinery where wood-derived lignin oils are selectively hydrogenated and funneled to the oxygenated 2-methoxy-4-propylcyclohexanol using PtRhAu catalysts.
Spectroscopic and Deep Learning-Based Approaches to Identify and Quantify Cerebral Microhemorrhages
Authors: Crouzet Christian , Jeong Gwangjin , Chae Rachel , LoPresti Krystal , Dunn Cody , Xie Danny , Agu Chiagoziem , Fang Chuo , Nunes Ane , Lau Wei Ling , Kim Sehwan , Cribbs David , Fisher Mark , Choi Bernard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and normal aging. One method to study CMHs is to analyze histological sections (5-40 μm) stained with Prussian blue. Currently, users manually and subjectively identify and quantify Prussian blue-stained regions of interest, which is prone to inter-individual variability and can lead to significant delays in data analysis. To improve this labor-intensive process, we developed and compared three digital pathology approaches to identify and quantify CMHs from Prussian blue-stained brain sections: 1) ratiometric analysis of RGB pixel values, 2) phasor analysis of RGB images, and 3) deep learning using a mask region-based convolutional neural network. We applied these approaches to a preclinical mouse model of inflammation-induced CMHs. One-hundred CMHs were imaged using a 20x objective and RGB color camera. To determine the ground truth, four users independently annotated Prussian blue-labeled CMHs. The deep learning and ratiometric approaches performed better than the phasor analysis approach compared to the ground truth. The deep learning approach had the most precision of the three methods. The ratiometric approach has the most versatility and maintained accuracy, albeit with less precision. Our data suggest that implementing these methods to analyze CMH images can drastically increase the processing speed while maintaining precision and accuracy.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Rotavirus Diarrhea and the Acceptance of Rotavirus Vaccination Amongst Primary Caregivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sitaresmi Mei , Seale Holly , Heywood Anita , Padmawati Retna , Soenarto Yati , MacIntyre Raina , Atthobari Jarir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalized diarrhea in Indonesia. Rotavirus vaccine has not been included on the Indonesian National Immunization Program (NIP). There are some key issues must be considered before introducing a new vaccine into a NIP. Our study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of rotavirus diarrhea and barriers to the acceptance of the vaccine. Methods: We conducted 26 in-depth interviews in two districts (rural and urban areas) of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Participants included pregnant women in their third trimester and mothers of infants aged less than 14 weeks. We conducted a thematic analysis. Results: Participants did not perceive diarrhea as being a priority health problem. Very few had heard of rotavirus diarrhea or were aware of the availability of the vaccine. While participants would accept a vaccine their children against rotavirus, some key barriers impacted the use of the vaccine. As the rotavirus vaccine is not included in the Indonesian National Immunisation Program (NIP), parents perceived it as not essential. Parents were concerned regarding the safety and benefit of the vaccine due to the perceived newness of the vaccine. Other concerns were the vaccine was too costly and the halal issue. Participants expressed a need for more information on the vaccine's effectiveness and safety, with their primary health care providers (HCPs) nominated as playing an important role in vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: There was low awareness of rotavirus being a serious disease and the availability of the rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia. The vaccine is not on the Indonesian NIP, the newness, the safety and efficacy, the cost, and the halal status of vaccine were barriers to vaccine acceptance. Information and recommendation by HCPs play an essential role in vaccine acceptance
Risk and Outcome of Secondary Primary Malignancies After Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Mei Xiaoran , Yao Xiaoqin , Feng Fang , Wang Hui , Cheng Weiwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background To investigate the relative risks(RRs) of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) by different sites associated with radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) survivors, and the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment for developing different SPMs. We identified DTC survivors from SEER registries and performed Poisson regression to calculate the RRs of SPMs by different sites associated with RAI treatment, as well as the attributable risk of RAI for different SPMs. Results The RRs of developing SPM associated with RAI varied from 0.86 (0.53-1.40) for SPMs of nervous system to 1.25 (1.05-1.50) for hematologic SPMs. The RRs of developing all cancer combined SPMs generally increased with age at DTC diagnosis and decreased with the latency time. We estimated that the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment is only 0.9% for all cancer combined SPMs and 20% for hematologic SPMs, which is the highest among all SPMs. The tumor features and mortality of patients treated with and without RAI are generally comparable. Conclusion The RR of developing SPMs associated with RAI treatment in DTC survivors increase only in hematologic systems, with the highest attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment among all cancer combined SPMs. However, in consideration of its low incidence in all DTC survivors, the absolute number of hematologic SPMs would be low. For all cancer combined SPMs in DTC survivors, a very low proportion is associated with RAI treatment, indicating patients and physicians should not be panicked with the RAI treatment in DTC patients.
Impact of Diurnal Temperature Range on Cardiovascular Disease Hospital Admissions among Chinese Farmers in Dingxi(the Northwest China)
Authors: Zhai Guangyu , Qi Jintao , Chai Guorong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Diurnal temperature range (DTR), an important index of climate change, has been widely applied in exploring its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated the correlations between DTR and CVD in poor rural areas in China. Methods: Therefore, using a distributed lag nonlinear model and a Poisson regression model, we evaluated this relationship among farmers living in the city of Dingxi (Northwest China). From 2016 to 2019, we obtained outpatient visits for CVD and meteorological data from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance of Gansu Province (NRCMI) and Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service, respectively. The effects of DTR were examined in subgroups stratified by gender and age. Results: We observed nonlinear M-patterns between DTR and CVD hospitalizations among all subgroups when DTR was at the median level (13°C). Estimated effect of a relatively low DTR (5th percentile, 4°C) on the hospital admissions of CVD was stronger than the effect of a relatively high DTR (95th percentile, 19°C). We also found that the adverse effect of DTR on CVD risk was more pronounced in females and elderly than males and younger adults at the low DTR, and vice versa at the high DTR. Conclusions: These results could guide the local authorities to improve CVD preventive strategies in the rural areas.
Compulsiveness Drives Evidence Accumulation During Ambiguity
Authors: Mandali Alekhya , Gillan Claire , Voon Valerie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Doubt can modulate our decision-making process. Although conceptually different, conflict (choice similarity: difficult or easy) and uncertainty (individual reward-likelihoods: uncertain or certain) are commonly related and often conflated. By posing as an evidence-accumulation problem, we assessed doubt, dissociating contextual conflict, and uncertainty and showed obsessive-compulsive disorder patients have specific impairments while processing difficult-uncertain contexts. It remains unclear whether this deficit is disorder-specific or a reflection of broader mental-health dimension. Multi-dimensional trans-diagnostic approaches help to tease out the mechanistic nature (specific or usual) of clinical observations and their validity in sub-clinical populations. Here, we first aimed to validate our conflict-uncertainty analysis approach in a larger non-clinical cohort (n>1300). Second, we assessed the relationship between decisional-parameters of difficult-uncertain contexts and a trans-diagnostic factor capturing individual differences in ‘compulsive-behavior and intrusive-thoughts’. We replicate our previous findings in a large, general population sample and highlight that the amount of evidence accumulated in difficult–uncertain scenarios increases functionally with compulsive-behavior and intrusive-thought emphasizing greater cautiousness. We further show that those with high social-withdrawal tendencies gather less evidence irrespective of context reflecting a ‘jumping to conclusions’ tendency in judgment. We attempt to bridge the gap between behavior and psychological markers by integrating trans-diagnostic and computational methods.
WP-UNet: Weight Pruning U-Net with Depthwise Separable Convolutions for Semantic Segmentation of Kidney Tumors
Authors: Rao Patike Kiran , Chatterjee Subarna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The major challenge in medical imaging is to achieve high accuracy output during semantic image segmentation tasks in biomedical imaging while having fewer computational operations and faster inference. It is necessary in medical modalities such as kidney tumor CT scan activities, to assist radiologists. Several previous studies have carried out a complex deep network that requires high computational resources. However, a deep network on semantic segmentation of kidney tumor CT scans with fewer flops and parameters has not yet been evaluated.Methods: This research paper presents a novel network model called Weight Pruning U-Net (WP-UNet) which is extremely fast, compact, and computationally efficient to address this problem with kidney tumor CT scan images as an application. Results We apply the proposed deep network model on the kidney tumor CT scan image dataset on computational devices with limited resources for computing. We build a CNN model with minimum parameters inspired by the commonly adapted U-Net architecture of the deep convolution neural network model for CT scan image analysis by making use of a depthwise separable convolution functional layer in the entire network model. We proposed weight pruning with the depthwise separable and batch normalized UNet model to reach the expected performance and reduce the loss in the process. WP-UNet has 3 major benefits,- : (a) a lightweight model with a smaller size (b) fewer parameters, and (c) a faster assumption time with a less than floating point calculation with computational complexity (FLOPs). WP-UNet was tested on the KiTs challenge Biomedical CT Scan imaging Dataset for kidney tumor semantic segmentation (KiTs), and the results showed that comparable and often better results were obtained by the WP-UNet model compared to the existing state-of-the-art models.Conclusions: Unlike previous assumptions, our findings indicate that the architecture proposed is smaller than U-Net and demands 3x less computational complexity while retaining respectable accuracy results. Moreover it affects kidney tumor medical image analysis and their practical application.
Frequency and Types of Ciliary Ultrastructural Defects in Patients With Suspected Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Symptoms Analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rezaei Mitra , Soheili Amirali , Fakharian Atefeh , Jamaati Hamid , Ghorbani Jahangir , Toreyhi Hossein , Ziai Seyed Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition of often chronic respiratory infections in early life. A useful tool for early diagnosis of such ciliary abnormalities is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study aimed to use TEM to examine these defects and speculate on a diagnosis.Methods: From 2017 to 2019, all referral patients with suspected PCD symptoms were included in this study. Nasal samples were taken after exclusion of further potential differential diagnosis and prepared for TEM. The final diagnosis was based on the International Consensus Guideline for reporting transmission electron microscopy results in the diagnosis of PCD. A descriptive analysis of demographic and ciliary ultrastructural data was performed by SPSS ver 21.Results: Study population consisted of 37 women and 30 men (mean age=20.34±10.7 years). The clinical presentations were as follows: bronchiectasis: 26 patients (38.8%); sinusitis: 23(34.3%); recurrent respiratory infection: 21 patients (31.3%); auditory symptoms: 5 patients (7.5%); situs inversus: 3 patients (4.4%); productive cough: 2 patients (3%); infertility: 2 patients (3%); polyposis: 1 patient (1.5%). According to TEM analysis, 12 (17%) of patients were PCD, 11 (15.7%) were indicating PCD cases, 26 (37.1%) of them had no criteria of PCD and 18 (25.7%) of cases had normal ciliary ultrastructure. Compound cilia and extra-tubule were reported in 29 (41.4%) and 31(44.3%) of patients, respectively. The outer dynein arm defect was seen in 11(16.4%) cases and the inner dynein arm (IDA) defect was seen in 20 (29.8%) cases. Two patients (3%) had microtubular disorganization.Conclusion: Bronchiectasis and sinusitis were the most common complications. The compound cilia and extra-tubule were the most prevalent TEM finding among all participants. However, the most prevalent hallmark diagnostic defects among PCD patients were ODA and IDA defects among PCD patients. Other diagnostic PCD tests should also be performed in patients in the indicating PCD group, those without PCD criteria, and normal patients with a highly suggestive history. Cell-culture, as well, should confirm IDA defects. This study highlights the fundamental need to consider ciliary defect among probable diagnoses and use TEM as a practical diagnostic tool.
Study on the Electronic Structure and Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of RuxZn1-xO/Ti&nbsp;Electrodes
Authors: Shao Yanqun , Feng Keke , Guo Jie , Zhang Rongrong , He Sijiang , Wei Xinli , Lin Yuting , Ye Zhanghao , Chen Kongfa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modification is one of the most important and effective methods to improve the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of ZnO. In this paper, the RuxZn1-xO/Ti electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method and the effect of Ru content on those electrodes’ electronic structure was analyzed through the first-principles calculation. Various tests were also performed to observe the microstructures and PEC performance. The results showed that as the Ru4+ transferred into ZnO lattice and replaced a number of Zn2+, the conduction band of ZnO moved downward and the valence band went upward. The number of photogenerated electron-hole pairs increased as the impurity levels appeared in the band gap. In addition, ZnO nanorods exhibited a smaller grain size and a rougher surface under the effect of Ru. Meanwhile, the RuO2 nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO nanorods acted as the electron-transfer channel, helping electrons transfer to the counter electrode and delaying the recombination of the electron-hole pairs. Specifically, the RuxZn1-xO/Ti electrodes with 9.375mol% Ru exhibited the best PEC performance with a rhodamine B (RhB) removal rate of 97%, much higher than the combination of simple electrocatalysis (EC 12%) and photocatalysis (PC 50%), confirming the synergy of photoelectrocatalysis.