bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the Effectiveness of Anise Extract and Alignite Nanoparticles on the Balance of the Microbial Gut Flora and Some Immunological Parameters in the Laboratory Guinea Pigs
Authors: Dawood F S , Thalij K M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of oral dosage of anise fruit alcoholic extract and Alignite Nanoparticles (AlgNPs) and their interaction with the antibiotics Cefotaxime and Metronidazole concerning the parameters related to the balance of intestine normal flora with some immunological parameters in laboratory guinea pigs induced with diarrhea by E.coli. The results show that the Enterobacteriaceae bacterial colonies counts belonging less than those accounts of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of laboratory guinea pigs. It is also found that the synergistic action of the nanocomposites with different antibiotics like what: have a better antimicrobial effect than the effect of each individually. There is also a significant increase (p<0.05) in the IgM and IgA values, which are at 1789 and 362 ng/L, respectively compared with their levels in the control group animals which are at 1230 and 184.5 (ng/L), respectively. The value of IgG does not change significantly in the oral dosage of the extract or the AlgNPs. After the recovery status of laboratory animals from infection, the level of IgG increased significantly, which gives evidence of bacterial infection in the infected animals.
Potential Role of Cutting Date in Lodging and Yield of Three Oat Cultivars
Authors: Addaheri A M S , Hassan O M , Khalf Q S , Athab M U , Meshal O S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of cutting at different growth stages according to the Zadoks scale and the possibility of reducing plant height and lodging at the end of the season. Moreover, it aimed to study the effect of cutting on some growth and yield traits of oat cultivars introduced into Iraq. A field experiment was carried out in an agricultural area on the left bank of the Euphrates River in the city of Ramadi during the winter season of 2020-2021. In this experiment, a randomized complete block design (RCBD), factorial arrangement, with three replications was used. The experiment included two factors: the first factor included three cutting dates according to the Zadoks scale: “Main stem and one tiller (GS21), main stem and four tillers (GS24), Main stem and seven tillers (GS27)”, in addition to the control without cutting. The second factor included three oat cultivars: Carrolup, Genzania, and Shafa. The most important results are summarized as follows: Cutting at all growth stages delayed ripening and reduced plant height, cutting at GS24 and GS27 reduced lodging, and cutting at GS27 reduced the grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and total dry matter. Genzania cultivar was superior in grain yield and total dry matter. The cultivars showed similar responses to cutting dates in the terms of lodging and yield. It can be concluded from this study that cutting at GS24 is beneficial in reducing lodging without a negative impact on yield quantity.
Determining Some Undesirable Behavioral Traits and Their Impact on the Behavioral Performance of Broiler Chicks
Authors: Mahmood N A , Abdulateef S M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out on a poultry farm in the department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture - University of Anbar was achieved through two experiments, the first experiment was carried out during the period of 01-12-2020 to 15-12-2020. This experiment aimed to determine the undesired behavior in broiler chicks including fear, gathering, and isolation. Seventy-five unsexed chicks were used that belong to strain Ross 308 with the age of one day. Chicks were randomly distributed to five replications, each replicate contained 15 chicks. The second experiment from 31-01-2021 to 14-02-2021 and remove the undesired behavioral traits which were determined in the first experiment by using the natural stimulator (sound). Also, seventy-five unsexed chicks belonging to the same strain (Ross 308) were used with an age of one day as well as distributed to 5 replicates and each replicate contained 15 chicks. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two experiments in each of the traits of fear, grouping, and isolation due to the natural stimulator (sound) to broiler chicks.
An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Cyclospora Cayetanensis Parasite in Anbar Province - Iraq
Authors: Shahatha S S , Alkubaisy S A , Mousa M O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in humans, animals, and vegetables in Anbar province-Iraq. The parasite was diagnosed by examining the samples microscopically, by examining 560 stool samples (262 males and 298 females) that were collected from patients attending hospitals (Ramadi, Fallujah, and Haditha), and its health centers. The results showed that the total infection rate was 12.1%, and no significant difference was recorded between the infection of both sexes. The highest rate of infection was 25.8% in the age group (1-9) years, with significant differences (P ≤0.05) from the rest of the age groups. The infection rate in the rural was 14.5% higher than in the urban 8.4%. The highest rate was recorded at 41.5% in April and the lowest at 2.5% in November, while the summer months did not record any infections. The study also included an examination of 188 samples of animal feces (48 sheep, 50 cows, 47 goats, and 43 dogs), the parasite was not diagnosed in any of the examined animals. This is the first study in the country to investigate the parasite in goats. The study also included the investigation of the C. cayetanensis parasite in five types of vegetable leaves (garden cress, radish, leek, green onions, and purslane). Where it is observed the presence of Oocyst in vegetables washing water by a percentage (6, 7.8, 7.2, 4.4, and 3.2) Oocyst/liter respectively.
A New Record For The Flora of Iraq: Astragalus vogelii (Papilionaceae)
Authors: Mousa M O , Abood N M , Shahatha S S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Western Desert is a wide area of Iraq, it is bordered by three Arab countries, and characterized by the great plant diversity in the rainy years, including year 2019, during the spring season of the same year, a number of field trips were carried out in which wild plants were collected, and among them was Astragalus vogelii (webb) Bornm. of the papilionaceae family for the first time in Iraq, specifically in the Obealah valley, which intersects with the highway road towards Jordan and Syria (about 18 km. west of Rutba). The species was identificated according to the Flora of neighboring and near countries, the morphological description of the sprcies was done through a taxonomic treatment supported by photographic and microscopic images for all floral and vegetative parts, as well as anatomical description of the stem based on the cross section. Amap was also developed the specifies the locations of the species distribution. After making sure that there was no previous sample for the species in the Iraqi Herbaria, the sample of this study were deposited in the Iraqi National Herbarium with numbers 60340, 60341, 60342 and in the Anbar University Herbarium with numbers 6670, 6671, 6672 and 6673.
Effect of Spraying with Potassium and Kinetin on Specific Physiological and Productive Characteristics of Three Mungbean Genotypes (Vigna Radiata L.)
Authors: Habeeb M I , Abdullah B H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in the fall season of 2019 in Anbar Governorate, Al-Khalidiya city, located at longitude °43.46 and latitude ° 33.41, in order to study the effect of foliar nutrition with three concentrations of potassium (0, 400, and 800 mg.L-1). Combined with, three concentrations of kinetin (0, 100, and 200 mg.L-1) on the physiological and productive characteristics of three Mungbean genotypes (Local Khadrawy, Green Indian VC6089A10, and Black Indian GOLDSTAR). The experiment was implementedby the arrangement of the split-split plot using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Thus, the genotypes represented the Main plots, and kinetin represented the Sub-plots, while potassium represented the Sub-subplots. The study findings showed that the potassium concentration of 800 mg K.L-1gave the highest average for leaf area, potassium content in leaves, number of pods/plants, fertility percentage in pods, and seed yield. Whereas, the concentration of 400 mg K.L-1gave the highest activity of nitrate reductaseenzyme (NR) and the highest average of the pod length. In the same role, the foliar nutrition with a concentration of kinetin 200 mg.L-1achieved the highest potassium content in leaves and the highest activity of nitrate reductaseenzyme (NR). It also gave the highest average of the number of pods/plants, pod length, fertility percentage per pod, and seed yield per unit area. On the other hand, the local genotype was superior in the two characteristics of leaf area and the number of pods/plants, while the green Indian genotype was superior in the potassium content, NR enzyme activity, pod length, and seed yield, while the black Indian genotype was superior atfertility percentage per pod.
Study of Yield and its Components for Several Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum L.) Newly Derived Under Three Seeding Rate in the Conditions of Anbar Governorate
Authors: Al-Hiti M J H , Al-Ubaidi M A G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field in Zakhikha which is one of the rural areas of western Heet City (about 15 kg) in Anbar Governorate, during Winter season 2020-2021, with sandy loam soil, to study seven newly derived genotypes from durum wheat, including two cultivars. They are registered, certified, and commonly cultivated in Iraq, under three seeding rate to select the ones that are suitable for the conditions of Anbar Governorate. Randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) was used in a split plot arrangement with three replications. The experiment included three Seeding rate (140, 160 and 180 kg ha-1) that represented the main plot, whereas the sub plots were occupied by seven genotypes (Latifia, Babel-30, Babel-31, Babel-32, Babel-86, and the two approved varieties Dour-29 and Dour-85). The results of the study showed that Babel-32 outperformed the rest of significant effect genotypes with highest average number of spikes (507.6 spike m-2) and grain yield (8.741 Mg ha-1), while the genotype Babel-86 was superior in weight of 1000 grain (55.89 g), and the cultivar (Dour-29) outperformed for the trait of number of grains per spike (39.15 grains spike-1). A significant effect of plant densities appeared in the studied traits, as the plants grown at seeding rate (180 kg ha-1) recorded the highest average in the trait of number of spikes m-2 (506.2 spike m-2) and grain yield (8.898 Mg ha-1) And the percentage of protein (11.89%). While planting plants at seeding rates (140 kg ha-1) led to the highest rate of number of grains per spike (38.42 grains) and 1000 grains weight (52.71 g). There was a significant interaction between genotypes and Seeding rate.
Effect of Nano Potassium and Cytokinins in the Vegetative Growth Traits of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Al-Falahi A S , AbdulKafoor A H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Al-Hsai District/Falluja City/Al-Anbar Province during the winter season 2020-2021. To study the effect of Nano potassium (NK) and Cytokinin (CTK) on the growth, and quality of the local cultivar of faba bean. Split plot system was used according to the design of a completely randomized block design R.C.B.D and three replications. The main blocks included four concentrations of CTK; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg. L-1, while the secondary blocks included four concentrations of NP; 0, 1, 2, and 3 g.L-1. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows: The NK concentrations influenced all the studied properties. Where the concentration of 2 g.L-1 affected most of the studied properties, like the plant height of 122.9 cm, the number of branches per plant of 14.34 branches. plant-1, the number of leaves per plant of 157.9 leaves. plant-1, leaf area 4918 cm2. plant-1, and leaf content of chlorophyll of 48.28 SPAD, while the control treatment outperformed in the trait of flowering beginning with the lowest average number of days (61.67 days). The CTK concentration of 100 mg. L-1 affected significantly on most of the studied traits. Where it prevails in plant height of 130.97 cm, number of branches per plant 13.55 branches. plant-1, number of leaves per plant of 165.5 leaves. plant-1, and LA of 5689 cm2. Plant-1. The highest level of Leaf chlorophyll content of 44.98 SPAD was found in the CTK concentration of 50 mg. L-1, which was not significantly different from 150 mg.L-1. Whereas the lowest number of days from cultivation to flowering starts of 62.58 days were found at control treatment. The interaction between NK and CTK had affected most of the studied traits, as the interaction of 2 gm. L-1 and 100 mg. L-1 (NK x CTK) has the highest average of plant height (158 cm) and number of leaves per plant (186.1 leaves. plant-1). Whereas the interaction between 1 gm. L-1 NP and 50 gm. L-1 CTK has the highest number of branches per plant 16.61 branches. Plant-1. Moreover, the highest average of LA (6812 cm2.plant-1) was found in the interaction between 1 gm. L-1 NP and 100 mg.L-1 CTK. The highest Leaf chlorophyll content of 56.53 SPAD was found in the interaction of 2 gm. L-1 of NP and 50 gm.L-1 of CTK. Whereas, the same interaction has an insignificant difference on number of days from cultivation to flowering starts trait.
Managing the Hazards of Aeolian, Fluvial and Coastal Erosion in Gudhi Area-Northern Kuwait Bay
Authors: Dousari Ali Al , Ahmed Modi , Dousari Noor Al , Al Saleh Abeer , William Teena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research plans to set up some research facilities within the Gudhi area, which lies north of the coastal spill of Kuwait Bay. The area is about 653,000 m2, the region highly sensitive from an environmental perspective and ecological. It is a coastal strip dominated by rich fauna and flora mainly Nitraria retusa forming large nabkhas that attract many wildlife scientists. The presence of nabkhas is a good indicator of fluvial and aeolian activities in the area. The establishment of infrastructures within this area is anticipated to cause significant damage to wildlife. Additionally, any future infrastructures in the area is under the following threats: 1-S and encroachment as it is located within an active wind corridor. 2-Fluvial action during flood seasons as it is located at downstream of Jal Al-Zur watershed. 3-The wave erosion along 1200m coastal margin. As an important role of KISR is the attention and care regarding the environmental aspects associated with project actions, therefore, it is proposed that a proper scientific research project should be implemented prior to the establishment of any infrastructure development. The main objective of this study is to assess and control hazards in the Gudhi area by implementation of native plants and mangroves landscape design. Assessment and monitoring of fauna and flora have provided initial information on existing vegetation, soil properties that are considered important to quantify ecological conditions prior to actual vegetation plantation establishment or restoration effort. Nitraria and Lycium populations were found the most proper in controlling hazards of mobile sand and flush floods for the study area.
The Influence of Bunches Thinning and Pesticides on Some Traits and the Rate of Infection with Lesser Date Moth in Date Palm
Authors: Mahidi S M , Hamad R M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in one of the private palm orchards infested with the lesser date moth (Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick) in the village of AL-Bualay AL-Jassim 8 km northwest of Ramadi during the season 2020, with the aim of studying the influence of bunches thinning and pesticides on some of physical and chemical and productivity and rate of infection with lesser date moth on date palm. The results revealed that the thinning factors C1(6 bunch) and C2 (8 bunch) date palm-1 reduce rate of infestation of the lesser date moth after 14 days of spraying pesticides at rates of 20.80 and 23.10% compared to the control treatment (28.30%). The pesticide A2 (Matrixine plus) outperformed in reducing the rate of infection after 7, 14, 21 days with an average of 6.34, 16.10, and 26.10% respectively, these rates were increased in the control treatment (11.88 and 31.30 and 61.90%) respectively. On the other hand, treatments 6 and 8 bunch outperformed the control treatment in terms of fruit setting, increased ripening rate and reduced khalal ratio, with rates of (76.33 and 73.78%), (50.00 and 50.11%), and (50.00 and 50.00%) respectively. The results confirmed that there were no significant differences between the thinning treatments on the total yield between treatments and their interactions. When using the pesticide A2, it caused a significant increase in the rate of ripening and a decrease in the percentage of khalal with rates of 56.22 and 43.78% respectively. The results indicate outperformed of the thinning treatment C2 and pesticide treatment A2 in phosphor, nitrogen, and potassium percent in fruits with an average of (0.0806,0.0820%), (0.4022,0.3989%), and (0.6856,0.6933%) respectively. These values decreased in the control treatment by rates of (0.0766 and 0.0750%), (0.3767 and 0.3767%), and (0.6422 and 0.6356%) respectively.
Effect of Exogenous Selenium Intake on Yield and Quality of Tomatoes Grown Under Salt Stress
Authors: Hajlaoui F , Hajlaoui H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the work undertaken is to study the impact of the exogenous supply of a biostimulant, which is selenium (sodium selenate Na2SO4), on tomatoes fruits quality under salt stress conditions. To this end, an experimental trial has been conducted on a seasonal tomato crop. Within the agricultural domain of the Regional Centre for Agricultural Research (CRRA), Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia (9°430 E, 35° 010 N; altitude 354 m above sea level). The variety used is Firenze. The latter is irrigated with saline water with two different concentrations of NaCl (3 and 6 g/l of NaCl). For each type of salinity, three levels of treatment with the biostimulant were used which correspond to the control plants (without foliar spraying) and to the two doses of application of sodium selenate C1 and C2 which are respectively in the order of 0.5 mM and 1 mM Na2SeO4. The results show that salt stress has a depressive effect on the morphometric and physicochemical characteristics of fruits such as weight, size, color, Brix degree, and lycopene content. However, the application of selenium further improved these parameters. This improvement was more significant in plants that were grown at moderate salinity (3g/l) and were also sprayed with a high dose of selenium (1mM Na2SeO4). For example, yield and fruit weight increased by 228.45 percent and 73.07 percent, respectively, when compared to non-treated plants. Also, fruit width and length increased by 42.31% and 35.57%. In addition, for the physiocochemical parameters the Brix degree and the lycopene content increased respectively by 18.45% and 237.38%.
Response of Apple Trees (cv. Ibrahimi) to the Time of Foliar Application with Zinc and Boron
Authors: Hadi A N , Saleh S A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in one of the private orchards in the Saqlawiya area - Fallujah during the 2020 growing season. The foliar spray was used to study the effect of the timing of foliar spraying (three sprays, the first at the beginning of flowering, second at the stage of full flowers blooming, and the third at the stage of petal fall), Presented with symbols (D1, D2 and D3), respectively. The second factor consisted of spraying with boron and zinc with the following concentrations (0,1, and 3 gm. L-1), mentioned as (S0, S1, S2, S3), respectively. these elements were used singly or in the form of a mixture with the same concentrations. This study aims to study the effect of the two factors on the growth and setting of apple trees, cv. Ibrahimi. Therefore, (36) five-year-old apple trees with homogeneous vegetative growth were selected as much as possible. The results revealed that foliar application with boron and zinc for the Ibrahimi apple trees improved the quality of the fruits and their vegetative and flowering traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the media culture (M3) which presented the best results for the traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the time (D3) which presented the best results for the traits (leaf area, Rate of increase in the length of the branches, Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits, which reached (24.25cm2, 56.77cm, 0.42cm, 26.65%, 45.25%, 54.75%), respectively. On the other hand, spraying with micronutrients achieved significant effect, especially (S3), that gave the highest values for the traits (Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits), which were (37.50 cm, 0.42%, 26.65%, and 46.71 gm L-1).