bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: RAHAYU SRI , TRIYOGO ANANTO , WIDYASTUTI SITI M. , MUSYAFA’ MUSYAFA’ , ARDIANYAH FIQRY 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rahayu S, Triyogo A, Widyastuti SM, Musyafa’, Ardianyah F. 2021. Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2779-2788. The agroforestry system using Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) is considered as a profitable intercropping system in Indonesia. To make it viable, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of mixed cropping on the incidence and severity of diseases and pests on Sengon trees and apply management measures. The present study was conducted (i) to assess the pest and disease problems on Sengon trees in the agroforestry system and (ii) to identify the most harmful pathogen/pest which affects the growth and causes mortality of Sengon trees at the beginning of intercropping and after the removal of pineapple from the system. Incidence of pests and diseases were assessed in 3 replicate blocks with one-year-old Sengon trees mixed with pineapple, and in another 3 plots with four-year-old Sengon trees from where pineapple was removed after harvesting. Sengon and pineapple were planted in the plots using alley cropping method with 3 x 4 m2 spacing. The results showed that there were no significant pest and disease problems on pineapple. However, Sengon was infested by the white grub Lepidiota stigma, gall rust caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatarium, the stem borer Xystrocera festiva, and mistletoe Scurrula sp. However, stem borer and gall rust were the only pest and disease issues recorded in the monocultures of Sengon in Indonesia. The occurrence of stem borer and gall rust disease had a significant effect on the diameter growth of trees and in some instances, these caused mortality of one-year-old trees. Significant mortality of four-year-old trees was caused by mistletoe infestation only. Although the incidence of gall rust and stem borer in the agroforestry system was not significantly low compared to the monoculture, the former had wider spacing between trees, more open canopy and resultant low humidity and faster wind speed reduced the severity of the gall rust disease and stem borer attack. However, the intercropping resulted in the white grub attack on young Sengon trees which calls for application of contaminant-free fertilizers in pineapple plantings.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Wardhana Dhandy Koesoemo , SAFITRI DEVI AYU , ANNISA SUWAIBATUL , HARIJANI NENNY , ESTOEPANGESTIE AGNES THERESIA SOELIH , MAGHFIROH LAILATUL 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Wardhana DK, Safitri DA, Anisa S, Harijani N, Estoepangestie S, Maghfiroh L. 2021. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2789-2793. Meat is a source of protein, but it can be contaminated by microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Some species of E. coli become resistant to antibiotics and produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) that limit the choice of antibiotics for treatment of E. coli infection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs leading to the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in beef sold in local markets in Surabaya City, Indonesia. A total of 60 samples from 10 traditional markets were tested. Isolated and identified E. coli strains were examined to detect the ESBL production through four-disc diffusion tests using cefotaxime (30 ?g), ceftazidime (30 ?g), ceftriaxone (30 ?g), and aztreonam (30 ?g). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured. The study showed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in beef sold in the traditional markets in Surabaya. The average E. coli concentration in the beef was at 43.3%, and the highest resistance of the isolates was observed for cefotaxime (46.1%), ceftazidime (23.1%) ceftriaxone (19.2%), and aztreonam (38.4%). Data of ESBL-producing E. coli in broiler chicken meat in the traditional markets showed all of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, while 48.4% of them were resistant to, cephazolin. Only few (13%) were resistant to ceftazidime, and few others (9.6%) showed resistance to cefotaxime. The least number of them (6.4%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, and most of them were resistant to tetracycline (87.2%). Therefore, ESBLs were not reported producing E. coli in the beef. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the beef gives an alert that good hygiene practices should be applied to handle meat safety and control the use of antibiotics
Earthen Architecture in Muslim Cultures: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Stéphane Pradines (2018)
Authors: Apotsos Michelle 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Earthen Architecture in Muslim Cultures: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Stéphane Pradines (2018)
Leiden: Brill, 283 pp., 185 illus., ISBN: 9789004355316 (hardcover), $160
AS TRAGÉDIAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO BRASIL: A EMERGÊNCIA DA RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS MINERADORAS FRENTE À VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: De Barros Leal Mayka Marques Paes 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOO presente artigo analisa as violações aos direitos humanos provocados pelas mineradoras proprietárias das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho e demonstra a necessidade de responsabilização das empresas inclusive no âmbito internacional. Para tanto se faz necessário, primeiramente, abordar qual foi a dimensão da tragédia em Mariana, esclarecendo quais foram as medidas recomendadas e tomadas que se mostrarem insuficientes para evitar que uma nova tragédia ocorresse em Brumadinho de dimensões ainda maiores quando olhamos a morbidade. Será demonstrado que em ambas as tragédias fora afastado por parte da empresa exploradora de minérios, no que tange a indenização, o principio da centralidade do sofrimento da vítima. Depois, será defendido a necessidade de superação do paradigma estatocêntrico, responsabilizando as empresas transnacionais e o Estado, solidariamente, para que haja uma efetiva proteção aos direitos humanos. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica, com utilização de artigos e livros publicados.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direitos Humanos; Empresas mineradoras; Responsabilidade Internacional; Mariana; Brumadinho.ABSTRACTThis article analyses the human rights violations caused by mining companies of Mariana´s and Brumadinho´s dam and shows the need of companies´ liability including internacional scope. At first, it is necessary to approach the dimension of the tragedy in Mariana, clarifying the recommended and taken actions that were inadequate to avoid that a new disaster happened in Brumadinho, a bigger disaster in terms of morbidity. It will be demonstrated that in both tragedies were removed the centrality principle of victims´suffering by the mining companies, in relation to the indemnity. Afterwards, it will be defended the need for overcoming the state-centred paradigma taking full responsability of transnational companies and the State, severally liable, to provide an efective protection to the human rights. The methodology used was bibliographic research, using published articles and books. KEY-WORDS: Human rights; mining companies; International responsability; Mariana; Brumadinho.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO E AS ENTIDADES PRIVADAS NA REGULAÇÃO DO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL POR MEIO DOS REGULAMENTOS E PADRÕES PRIVADOS
Authors: Yurie Dias Patricia 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOO trabalho analisa o papel complementar dos regulamentos e padrões privados dos Estados e das entidades não estatais às regras da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) com o intuito de gerar maior segurança e qualidade para os produtos no âmbito do comércio internacional. A OMC visa promover a liberalização e eliminação da discriminação do comércio internacional. Dessa forma, por meio do estudo de alguns casos submetidos ao Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias (OSC) da OMC, em que pese a maioria dos casos submetidos ao OSC terem tido desfechos distintos, constatou-se que os padrões privados podem complementar as regras da OMC, desde que não sejam medidas protecionistas disfarçadas de barreiras não tarifárias ao comércio internacional.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Internacional; Jurisdição Internacional; Padrões privados; Comércio Internacional; OMC.ABSTRACTThe paper examines the complementary role of the private regulations and standards of States and non-state entities to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in order to promote safety and quality for products in the scope of international trade. The WTO aims to promote the liberalization and elimination of discrimination in international trade. Thus, through the study of some cases submitted to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), despite the fact that most cases submitted to the DSB had different conclusions, it was found that private standards can complement the rules of the WTO, if they are not protectionist measures disguised as non-tariff barriers to international trade.KEYWORDS: International Law; International Jurisdiction; Private Standards; International Trade; WTO.
O PROBLEMA DA INFLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS: CAUSAS E RISCOS
Authors: Gualtieri André 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOEste artigo aborda a inflação de direitos como resultado do surgimento do conceito de autonomia individual na modernidade. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e utilizando-se do método indutivo, o artigo analisa o processo inflacionário pelo qual o direito moderno vem passando. São identificados dois sentidos do conceito de inflação de direitos e se propõe que, no Brasil, ele seja compreendido como um processo de incessante proliferação de direitos e de judicialização de vidas. O princípio da proporcionalidade exerce um papel importante nesse processo. O trabalho aponta as razões pelas quais a inflação de direitos seria um problema e os riscos que ela traz para o Direito enquanto sistema, para os direitos fundamentais e para o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: inflação de direitos; autonomia individual; sistema; direitos fundamentais; dignidade da pessoa humana.ABSTRACT This article addresses the inflation of rights as a result of the emergence of the concept of individual autonomy in modern times. Through bibliographic research and using the inductive method, the article analyzes the inflationary process that modern law has been going through. Two meanings of the concept of inflation of rights are identified and it is proposed that, in Brazil, it be understood as a process of incessant proliferation of rights and judicialization of lives. The principle of proportionality plays an important role in this process. The work points out the reasons why inflation of rights would be a problem and the risks it brings to law as a system, to fundamental rights and to the principle of human dignity.KEYWORDS: rights inflation; individual autonomy; system; fundamental rights; dignity of human person.
REGULAÇÃO ECONÔMICA POR INCENTIVOS E SEUS REFLEXOS NAS AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS
Authors: De Oliveira Sales Suelen Bianca , Aguiar Esteves Mariana 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOO presente trabalho possui como escopo fazer uma breve revisão da leitura sobre a regulação econômica, sob as perspectivas das teorias de regulação econômica destacando a promoção do bem-estar econômico e social pelo governo por meio da política regulatória. O modelo “estado regulador” pode buscar em meio às políticas públicas maior eficiência, modicidade na tarifação, e melhora da qualidade e quantidade na prestação dos serviços públicos. O regime de incentivos e garantias de rentabilidade a longo prazo, muitas vezes torna os serviços públicos pouco atrativos para empreendedores privados, todavia o marco regulatório do modelo de regulação por incentivos é justamente compatibilizar esses interesses conflitantes, com o auxílio de normas que beneficiem empresas com desempenho mais eficiente e penalizem as ineficientes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Regulação Econômica; Teoria Econômica de Regulação; Políticas Públicas; Eficiência; Sanções Positivas.ABSTRACT The scope of this paper is to make a brief review of the reading on economic regulation, from the perspectives of the theories of economic regulation highlighting the promotion of economic and social welfare by the government through regulatory policy. The "regulatory state" model can seek, in the midst of public policies, greater efficiency, modicity in pricing, and improvement in quality and quantity in the provision of public services. The system of incentives and guarantees of long-term profitability often makes public services unattractive to private entrepreneurs, but the regulatory framework of the incentive regulation model is precisely to reconcile these conflicting interests with the aid of standards that benefit companies with more efficient performance and penalize inefficient ones. KEYWORDS: Economic Regulation; Economic Theory of Regulation; Public Policies; Efficiency; Positive Sanctions.
PROGRAMA DE DOCUMENTACIÓN, CONSERVACIÓN Y VALORACIÓN DE LA FLORA NATIVA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL
Authors: PENSIERO J. F. 
Published: May 2021

Se presenta una síntesis de las acciones que se realizan en el marco del Programa de Documentación, Conservación y Valoración de la Flora Nativa, declarado de Interés Institucional por la Universidad Nacional del Litoral.
Antioxidant, alpha glucosidase and antibacterial evaluation of Syzygium mytifolium (Roxb.) Walp.
Authors: Abdulrahman Mahmoud 
Published: May 2021

Medicinal plants have been the major source of combating and treating infectious diseases and health disorders throughout the ages. To explore new sources of inexpensive and safe antioxidants and antibiotics. The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different extracts Syzygium mytifolium (Roxb.) Walp. were evaluated through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ?-glucosidase inhibition, disk diffusion and agar well methods. The leaves, bark, root and whole plant of Syzygium mytifolium were extracted with various solvents viz ethanol, methanol and aqueous to give crude extracts, respectively. Among all, the ethanolic extract showed high antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging activity, reducing power and alpha-glucosidase inhibition at 1.84 µg/ml, 40.2 mmol/gm and 14.34 µg/ml, respectively. All the tested parts of the plant exhibited moderate to higher range of antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens with the inhibition zones ranged between 2-27.8 mm. Syzygium mytifolium will serve as a very good source for the development of antioxidant supplements and antibiotics for addressing infectious pathogens and improvement of health status.
A path analysis on the strategic determinants of the average revenue per user in the Saudi telecom sector
Authors: Alsaif Talal 
Published: May 2021

This study compared a restructured hierarchical regression using structural equation modeling (SEM) with a path analysis SEM Regression using The Rules of Casual Order. The dataset originated from Jones & Alshammari (2017) which studied the Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) determinants and capital expenditures (CAPEX) effects on the average revenue per user (ARPU). The comparisons showed CLE and CEEcap explained 61% of ARPU. For every 1 unit of change in CLE and CEEcap combined, produces 2 units of change in ARPU. The results on HCEcap and SCEcap were inconsistent, regression weights were insignificant at the p ≤ .001 level, and both determinants did not correlate with Revenue. This study showed that causation can be established prior to any multivariate or SEM statistical procedures. The rules of casual order are an effective way of designing a model based on reality and show the true effects among observed variables.
Graduate Research Abstracts of Post-Occupancy Evaluations Used in Design and Construction: A Bounded Qualitative Meta-Study
Authors: Barone Ryan P. , Banning James H. , Clemonsc Stephanie A. 
Published: May 2021

Since its formal introduction in 1967, the concept of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) has been the focus of several substantial books as well as being addressed in key professional journals. In addition, specific POE endeavors related to private and government projects have issued reports of their work. Despite this attention, college and university graduate research work on POEs has not been explored. The purpose of this meta-study using document analysis is to explore the characteristics and implications of college and university graduate POE research focusing on design/construction by analyzing the abstracts of graduate master’s theses and doctoral dissertations that substantially utilized the concept of POE. Results are reported by addressing the characteristics of the research degrees (location/place, type, year, institution, methods associated with the degree, and status of publication) and the characteristics of the research (settings, and focus). The article concludes by calling on the design/construction fields to explore ways to support a greater focus on the communication/coordination and dissemination of international graduate POE research.
The Impact of Electronic Marketing Strategies on the Effectiveness of Communication with Customers: Case Study of Higher Education Services Offices in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Busaidi Mayisa Sulaiman Nasser , Matriano Maria Teresa 
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in technology have led to the emergence of electronic marketing (e-marketing). E-marketing depends on the strategies used by the organizations. Marketing strategy is a marketing plan designed to achieve marketing goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of e-marketing strategies on the effectiveness of customer communication with higher education services offices, and to measure the effectiveness of this impact, identify the challenges facing both customers and offices in the process of implementing the e-marketing process and find the most appropriate solutions to overcome them. The study used both the descriptive and exploratory research design with application of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative research method was facilitated through the conduct of survey with 159 customers of five higher education service offices located in Muscat, Oman. The findings revealed that most offices used appropriate strategies to communicate with their customers and there were effective responses from higher education service offices. The collected qualitative data revealed that there are no challenges hindering their e-marketing.
The suggestion for organization is to change the electronic marketing strategies used to meet the needs and desires of customers over time, and to keep pace with all the changes and trends in marketing; improving procedures for building confidence and a sense of safety on the site, increasing customers' awareness of the importance of e-marketing and developing intensive awareness programs targeting schools, universities and institutions. It is concluded from this study that organizations should evaluate the impact of e-marketing strategies on the effectiveness of customer communication with them by collecting the necessary information and data on these customers. The focus should be on the most satisfied customers because they are the ones who can make long-term impacts, and influence the future of the organization and its investments.
An Empirical Study on Human Resource Management and Employment Performance Practice in the Banking Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Mohammad Sharif , Hossain Nazmul , Nishat Abu Jakaria 
Published: May 2021

Banking sector is one of the first growing sectors in Bangladesh. Like any other emerging economic sector banking sector’s growth and development needed to be assess and evaluated through employment performance. There are 56 commercial banks in Bangladesh currently offering financial service with different stratagems. Performance evaluation and assessment is significantly important while achieving the goals of the organization and determining the individual contributions to the organization. The objective of the study is to measure the effects of human resource practice on the performance of employee in the banking sector of Bangladesh. The research has been conducted through structural and semi-structural questionnaires and face-to-face interview related to some human resource issues namely-institutional commitment and motivation, employee relations, compensation, physical work environment, training and development, promotion, job satisfaction as well as the employee performance of the designed banks. A set of 30 structural and same number of semi structural questionnaires were given to 328 bank employees of different levels of 10 selected banks. According to the study all the human resource practice including compensation and training & development have significant impact on the employee performance in the banking sector in Bangladesh. The findings of the study provide a clear guidance to the banking policy makers to pursue effective initiatives with in order to achieve organizational goal through the employee performance.
How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between “Sadani” and the tribal languages of Jharkhand
Authors: Paudyal Netra P. , Peterson John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Four Indo-Aryan linguistic varieties are spoken in the state of Jharkhand in eastern central India, Sadri/Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali and Panchparganiya, which are considered by most linguists to be dialects of other, larger languages of the region, such as Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili, although their speakers consider them to be four distinct but closely related languages, collectively referred to as “Sadani”. In the present paper, we first make use of the program COG by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) to show that these four varieties do indeed form a distinct, compact genealogical group within the Magadhan language group of Indo-Aryan. We then go on to argue that the traditional classification of these languages as dialects of other languages appears to be based on morphosyntactic differences between these four languages and similarities with their larger neighbors such as Bhojpuri and Magahi, differences which have arisen due to the different contact situations in which they are found.