Factors Associated With Being Overweight and Obesity in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy: Socioclinical, Inflammation, and Metabolic Markers
Authors: Goupil de Bouillé Jeanne , Vigouroux Corinne , Plessis Lorraine , Ghislain Mathilde , Teglas Jean-Paul , Boufassa Faroudy , Goujard Cécile , Vignes Dorothée , Bouchaud Olivier , Salmon Dominique , Meyer Laurence , Abgrall Sophie ,   for the ANRS CO9-COPANA study group, B. O , B. F , Carlier Robert , Dray-Spira Rosemary , G. M , G. C , P. L , Marchand Lucie , M. L , Petrov-Sanchez Ventzislava , P. L , Rouzioux Christine , Seng Rémonie , Thiebaut Rodolphe , Viard Jean-Paul , A. S , B. F , Essabbani Abdellatif , Feitoza Tatiana , G. C , Keita Alain-Serge , Seng Rémonie , T. J P , Tran Laurent , Fellahi Soraya , Bastard Jean-Philippe , Simon A , Beniken) D , Girard P M , Ouazene Z , Lefebvre B , Lamarque J , Ameur) A , Pialoux G , Chas J , Slama L , Makhoukhi F Z , Passe-Courtin P , Gérard L , Molina J M , Lascoux-Combe C , Delgado J , Parlier) S , Bergmann J F , Delcey V , Sellier P , Rami A , Parrinello) M , B. O , Traore L , Benmammar A , Kassim M , Yazdanpanah Y , Matheron S , Lariven S , Joly V , Rioux C , Louni F , Zelie J , Fantin B , Villemant A , Bazin C , Weiss L , Pavie J , Manea M , Tarnier-Cochin G H , S. D , Pietri M P , Viard J P , Maignan A , Dulucq) M J , Boué F , A. S , Kansau I , V. D , Poirier S , G. C , Lambotte O , Bourdic K , Lelièvre J D , Chesnel C , Duvivier C , Lortholary O , Touam F , Rey D , Fischer P , Batard) and M L , Mohseni Zadeh M , Richard A , Blaison G , Martinot M , Pachard A , Neau D , Le Puil S , Morlat P , Caldato S , Bernard L , Hallouin-Bernard M C , Bourgault O , Chirouze C , Thiebaut-Drobacheff M C , Proust A , Gardiennet Q , Reynes J , Crisol C , Tramoni C , May T , Bouillon M P , Delestan M , André M , Meybeck A , Marien M C , Moreau J , Carmantrand M J , Meddeb L , Poizot-Martin I , Guignard M , Blanco Bétancourt C , Ivanova A , Raffi F , Larmetand L , Hue H , Perré P , Pegeot A , Cotte L , Chidiac C , Ogoudjobi S , Makhloufi D , Gibert S , Cabié A , Abel S , Hochedez P , Ronin F , Batalla A S , Cerland C , Pierre-François S , Roze B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
We investigated the association between socioclinical, inflammatory, and metabolic markers and weight gain in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods
Individuals from the COPANA cohort of normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5–24.9 [ calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at cART initiation who achieved virological suppression (viral load, &lt;50 copies/mL) and maintained it through 36 months of treatment were selected. Clinical, immunovirological, and socioeconomic data and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, CXCL10, CXCL8, interleukin 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, soluble CD14, and soluble CD16) and serum metabolic (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, and leptin) markers were assessed. Factors associated with becoming overweight (BMI, 25–29.9) or obese (BMI, ≥30) at 36 months were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
After 36 months of cART, 32 of 158 people with HIV (20%) became overweight or obese (21% female; 65% born in France and 23% born in sub-Saharan Africa; median BMI at cART initiation, 22 [interquartile range, 21–23]). After adjustment, higher BMI, originating from sub-Saharan Africa, living in a couple, and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and lower adiponectin concentrations at cART initiation were associated with becoming overweight or obese.

Conclusion
Weight gain on cART is multifactorial. Special attention should be given to migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Monocyte activation and adipocyte dysfunction at cART initiation affect weight regulation.