bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent species‐specific impacts of whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO2on vegetation water relations in an ombrotrophic peatland
Authors: Warren Jeffrey M. , Jensen Anna M. , Ward Eric J. , Guha Anirban , Childs Joanne , Wullschleger Stan D. , Hanson Paul J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBoreal peatland forests have relatively low species diversity and thus impacts of climate change on one or more dominant species could shift ecosystem function. Despite abundant soil water availability, shallowly rooted vascular plants within peatlands may not be able to meet foliar demand for water under drought or heat events that increase vapor pressure deficits while reducing near surface water availability, although concurrent increases in atmospheric CO2could buffer resultant hydraulic stress. We assessed plant water relations of co‐occurring shrub (primarilyRhododendron groenlandicumandChamaedaphne calyculata) and tree (Picea marianaandLarix laricina) species prior to, and in response to whole ecosystem warming (0 to +9°C) and elevated CO2using 12.8‐m diameter open‐top enclosures installed within an ombrotrophic bog. Water relations (water potential [Ψ], turgor loss point, foliar and root hydraulic conductivity) were assessed prior to treatment initiation, then Ψ and peak sap flow (trees only) assessed after 1 or 2 years of treatments. Under the higher temperature treatments,L. laricinaΨ exceeded its turgor loss point, increased its peak sap flow, and was not able to recover Ψ overnight. In contrast,P. marianaoperated below its turgor loss point and maintained constant Ψ and sap flow across warming treatments. Similarly,C. calyculataΨ stress increased with temperature whileR. groenlandicumΨ remained at pretreatment levels. The more anisohydric behavior ofL. laricinaandC. calyculatamay provide greater net C uptake with warming, while the more conservativeP. marianaandR. groenlandicummaintained greater hydraulic safety. These latter species also responded to elevated CO2by reduced Ψ stress, which may also help limit hydraulic failure during periods of extreme drought or heat in the future. Along withSphagnummoss, the species‐specific responses of peatland vascular communities to drier or hotter conditions will shape boreal peatland composition and function in the future.
Short‐ and long‐term carbon emissions from oil palm plantations converted from logged tropical peat swamp forest
Authors: McCalmont Jon , Kho Lip Khoon , Teh Yit Arn , Lewis Kennedy , Chocholek Melanie , Rumpang Elisa , Hill Timothy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeed for regional economic development and global demand for agro‐industrial commodities have resulted in large‐scale conversion of forested landscapes to industrial agriculture across South East Asia. However, net emissions of CO2 from tropical peatland conversions may be significant and remain poorly quantified, resulting in controversy around the magnitude of carbon release following conversion. Here we present long‐term, whole ecosystem monitoring of carbon exchange from two oil palm plantations on converted tropical peat swamp forest. Our sites compare a newly converted oil palm plantation (OPnew) to a mature oil palm plantation (OPmature) and combine them in the context of existing emission factors. Mean annual net emission (NEE) of CO2 measured at OPnew during the conversion period (137.8 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1) was an order of magnitude lower during the measurement period at OPmature (17.5 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1). However, mean water table depth (WTD) was shallower (0.26 m) than a typical drainage target of 0.6 m suggesting our emissions may be a conservative estimate for mature plantations, mean WTD at OPnew was more typical at 0.54 m. Reductions in net emissions were primarily driven by increasing biomass accumulation into highly productive palms. Further analysis suggested annual peat carbon losses of 24.9 Mg CO2‐C ha−1 year−1 over the first 6 years, lower than previous estimates for this early period from subsidence studies, losses reduced to 12.8 Mg CO2‐C ha−1 year−1 in the later, mature phase. Despite reductions in NEE and carbon loss over time, the system remained a large net source of carbon to the atmosphere after 12 years with the remaining 8 years of a typical plantation's rotation unlikely to recoup losses. These results emphasize the need for effective protection of tropical peatlands globally and strengthening of legislative enforcement where moratoria on peatland conversion already exist.
Working with words: Italian feminism and organization studies
Authors: Equi Pierazzini Marta , Bertelli Linda , Raviola Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSearching for a writing about organizations that is more real, relevant, and respondent, we propose to engage with Italian feminism of difference and the wealth of practices elaborated by small feminist groups and collectives, associated with it in the seventies. Currently undergoing a phase of rising interest, in Europe and North America, this strand of feminism—philosophically varied and complex—is characterized by the act of grounding theory in practice and articulating practices of political and personal transformation deeply anchored in society, yet outside institutions. In this paper, we aim at presenting Italian feminism and more specifically introduce the main tenets of Italian feminism of difference (of the seventies) to organization studies. We focus on a specific practice of Italian feminism of difference, namely the partire da sé (departing from oneself), prepared by the earlier practice of autocoscienza (political consciousness‐raising). Resting particularly on the thinking of the philosopher Luisa Muraro, we frame the potential contribution of her theorizing the partire da sè practice in relation to existing organization research that is grounded in feminist stands.
Critical analysis of the reporting quality of randomized trials within Endodontics using the Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020 quality standard checklist
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Jakovljevic A. , Jacimovic J. , Duncan H. F. , Jayaraman J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo critically evaluate the reporting quality of a random sample of clinical trials published in Endodontics against the PRIRATE 2020 checklist and to analyse the association between the quality of reported trials and a variety of parameters.MethodologyFifty randomized clinical trials relating to Endodontics were randomly selected from the PubMed database from 2015 to 2019 and evaluated by two independent reviewers. For each trial, a score of ‘1’ was awarded when it fully reported each item in the PRIRATE guidelines whereas a score of ‘0’ was awarded when an item was not reported; when the item was reported inadequately a score of ‘0.5’ was awarded. For the items that were not relevant to the trial, ‘Not Applicable (NA)’ was given. Based on the interquartile range of the overall scores received, trials were categorized into ‘Low’ (0–58.4%), ‘Moderate’ (58.5–72.8%) and ‘High’ (72.9–100%) quality. The associations between characteristics and quality of clinical trials were investigated. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and percentage analyses were used to describe the data. To determine the significance of categorical data, the chi‐square test was used. The probability value 0.05 was considered as the level of significance.ResultsBased on the overall scores, 13 (26%), 25(50%) and 12 (24%) of the reports of clinical trials were categorized as ‘High’, ‘Moderate’ and ‘Low’ quality, respectively. Three items (1b, 6d, 11e) were adequately reported in all manuscripts whilst two items (5k, 5m) were scored ‘NA’ in all the reports. The reports published from Europe had a significantly greater percentage of ‘High’‐quality scores, compared to Asia, Middle East, North America and South America (P = 0.0002). The ‘High’‐quality reports were published significantly more often in impact factor journals (P = 0.045). Reports of clinical trials published in journals that adhered to the CONSORT guidelines had significantly more ‘High’ scores compared to those that did not (P = 0.008). Clinical trials with protocols registered a priori had a significantly greater percentage of ‘High’ scores compared to the trials that were not registered in advance (P = 0.003). No significant difference occurred between the quality of clinical trials and the number of authors, journal (Endodontic specialty vs. Non‐Endodontic specialty) or year of publication.ConclusionsReports of randomized clinical trials published in the speciality of Endodontics had a substantial number of deficiencies. To create high‐quality reports of clinical trials, authors should comply with the PRIRATE 2020 guidelines.
Homogenized model of environmental barrier coatings for evaluation of energy release rate
Authors: Kawai Emi , Kubo Atsushi , Umeno Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor efficient calculation of energy release rate (ERR) for interface cracks in environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with a columnar layer, we propose a simple and versatile homogenization method of the columnar layer. The columnar layer consisting of a number of fine columns is modeled as an anisotropic homogenized layer whose elastic properties are isotropic in the plane perpendicular to the layer thickness direction. The homogenization was achieved by a finite element method (FEM) analysis for a single columnar model to obtain elastic parameters that characterize the homogenized layer. For validation of the homogenization method, we conduct an FEM analysis for a typical EBC structure and obtain the ERRs of an interface crack with various crack length and columnar size. We demonstrate that the homogenization method provides estimation of ERR with a good accuracy on the safer side, which is advantageous for EBC structure design. In addition, the method can reduce the calculation time by more than 50%. From these results, we conclude that the proposed homogenization method can be applied generally for estimation of ERR in EBCs with a columnar layer.
Mechanical and leaching properties of neodymium‐contaminated soil glass‐ceramics
Authors: Wei Guilin , Shi Minghe , Xu Chen , Shu Xiaoyan , Luo Fen , Chen Shunzhang , Wang Lan , Xie Yi , Lu Xirui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe safe treatment of radioactive‐contaminated soil is of great significance. In this work, neodymium‐contaminated soil was successfully immobilized using microwave sintering to form glass‐ceramics. The microstructure, morphology, elemental distribution, Vickers hardness, and chemical durability of the sintered samples were analyzed. The results showed that the glass‐ceramic is more suitable to immobilize the waste compared with the glass matrix. XRD and SEM‐EDS results proved that the waste form has been totally immobilized in the sintered matrix whether in glass‐ceramics and glass. However, the leaching rate of element Nd in glass‐ceramic was lower than the glass matrix at 28 d. Moreover, the Vickers hardness results of glass‐ceramic were higher than that of glass. Thus, glass‐ceramics can not only reduce sintering temperature and save energy but also achieve a better immobilizing effect. Our investigation reflects that glass‐ceramics are more suitable for neodymium‐contaminated soil immobilization using the microwave sintering method.
High temperature compressive creep behavior of BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3−δ in air and 4% H2/Ar
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Malzbender Jürgen , Deibert Wendelin , Guillon Olivier , Schwaiger Ruth , Nijmeijer Arian , Albert Meulenberg Wilhelm 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe proton conductive material BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3−δ has great potential for the separation and purification of hydrogen. However, due to the demanding application conditions regarding both temperature and atmosphere, the elevated temperature structural stability needs to be characterized and warranted. Hence, in this research work, the elevated temperature compressive creep behavior of BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3−δ in the temperature regime of 850°C to 1200°C was studied in both air and 4% H2/Ar as a function of the applied stress. The results indicate different creep mechanisms depending on atmosphere and temperature range. While dislocation creep was observed in 4% H2/Ar over the full range, a dislocation creep mechanism was observed in air at temperatures ≤1050°C and a diffusional creep mechanism at temperature ≥1100°C. A detailed microstructural analysis of the post‐creep test specimens revealed that the exposure to oxygen leads to localized stoichiometric changes and a decomposition at the surface.
Effects of transdermal mirtazapine on hyporexic rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Mendoza Kriscelle A. , Stockinger Diane E. , Cukrov Mira J. , Roberts Jeffrey A. , Hwa Granger G.C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyporexia and weight loss are important indicators of physical and psychological well‐being in macaque colonies. An FDA‐approved transdermal formulated Mirtazapine (MTZ) shows effectiveness in managing feline hyporexia. This study sought to determine its effectiveness as an appetite stimulant in macaques.MethodsFourteen macaques with idiopathic hyporexia, intractable to conventional management were treated with transdermal MTZ (0.5 mg/kg) topically administered to aural pinnae once daily for 14 days. Qualitative food consumption was monitored daily for 6 months. Body weights were collected prior to treatment, every 2 weeks for the first 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 6 months post‐treatment.ResultsTransdermal MTZ significantly reduced the frequency of hyporexia during treatment and monthly for 6 months. No significant increase in weight noted until approximately 6 months post‐treatment.ConclusionsResults from this study indicate that a short course of transdermal MTZ is an effective way to increase food consumption in macaques chronically.
Current molecular approaches to investigate pre‐synaptic dysfunction
Authors: Harper Callista B. , Smillie Karen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the course of the last few decades it has become clear that many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders have a synaptic defect, which contributes to pathogenicity. A rise in new techniques, and in particular '‐omics'‐based methods providing large datasets, has led to an increase in potential proteins and pathways implicated in synaptic function and related disorders. Additionally, advancements in imaging techniques have led to the recent discovery of alternative modes of synaptic vesicle recycling. This has resulted in a lack of clarity over the precise role of different pathways in maintaining synaptic function and whether these new pathways are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. A greater understanding of the molecular detail of pre‐synaptic function in health and disease is key to targeting new proteins and pathways for novel treatments and the variety of new techniques currently available provides an ideal opportunity to investigate these functions. This review focuses on techniques to interrogate pre‐synaptic function, concentrating mainly on synaptic vesicle recycling. It further examines techniques to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of pre‐synaptic dysfunction and discusses methods to identify molecular targets, along with protein–protein interactions and cellular localization. In combination, these techniques will provide an expanding and more complete picture of pre‐synaptic function. With the application of recent technological advances, we are able to resolve events with higher spatial and temporal resolution, leading research towards a greater understanding of dysfunction at the presynapse and the role it plays in pathogenicity.
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Pumpkin seed oil vs. minoxidil 5% topical foam for the treatment of female pattern hair loss: A randomized comparative trial
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Hasan Mohamed S. , Elsabaa Khaled I. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an annual climber plant, and its seeds have considerable amount of oil with nutritional and medicinal importance.AimThe present study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) in the treatment of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and compare its effects with minoxidil 5% foam.MethodsPatients with FPHL were randomly assigned to pumpkin seed oil (n = 30; group A) or minoxidil 5% foam (n = 30; group B) for a period of 3 months. Patients were evaluated clinically and dermoscopically at baseline, at one and half months, and at the end of the 3‐month study.ResultsAmong group A (pumpkin seed oil) candidates, a significant decrease was observed in hair shaft diversity before and after treatment (30.5 ± 6.2%, 24.0 ± 4.02, P < .001, respectively) as well as in the vellus hairs (22.5 ± 4.9, 15.8 ± 2.2, P < .001, respectively). Upright regrowing hairs significantly increased from (0.13 ± 0.5) before treatment to (0.9 ± 1.0) after treatment (P < .001). In group B (minoxidil applying) candidates, a significant decrease was observed in hair shaft diversity before and after treatment (31.5 ± 6.3%, 21.3 ± 2.2, P < .001, respectively) as well as in the vellus hairs (24.7 ± 6.4, 19.5 ± 5.4, P = .02, respectively). Conclusion Findings of the present trial provide evidence of a promising potential role of PSO in treating FPHL.
Suicidality, self‐efficacy and mental health help‐seeking in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender adults in Taiwan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Chia‐Yi , Lee Ming‐Been 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesThe study aimed to investigate the associations of suicide risk, self‐efficacy and mental health help‐seeking among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT).BackgroundThe LGBT individuals were found to have higher risk of suicide. However, mental health promotion and suicide prevention strategies were lacking in this population.DesignA cross‐sectional survey with two‐group comparison.MethodsThe LGBT group was recruited through snowballing method, which was then age‐matched with the comparison group as the reference. The questionnaire contained demographics, self‐rated health, suicide risk assessment and help‐seeking indicators including formal (e.g. medical or psychiatric services) and informal (e.g. family or friends) help sought. Chi‐square tests, t‐tests, two‐way ANOVA and multivariable regression were performed to test the differences between two groups. The methods followed STROBE criteria.ResultsThe LGBT group had a significantly higher prevalence of lifetime/recent suicide ideation, prior suicide attempts and mental distress or depressive symptoms. Their self‐rated health and health‐related self‐efficacy were poorer than those of the comparison group and were associated with increased suicide risk levels. Among the 27.1% of LGBT who intended to seek help for depression, one in five visited psychiatric services. The LGBT were 2–4 times more likely than the comparison group to disclose their distress or seek informal help. However, psychiatric and medical service contacts were relatively low for suicide high‐risk individuals in the LGBT group.ConclusionsThe LGBT individuals had a lower level of self‐efficacy and higher suicidal risks than the general public. Healthcare professionals and the public should be aware of their informal help‐seeking signals such as disclosure of suicide ideation to friends/relatives and connect them to proper mental health resources for further assessment.Relevance to clinical practiceThe LGBT with suicide risks require early detection and proper referrals by first‐line nurses to promote suicide prevention in this population.
Health care provider’s responses to children’s resistance to peripheral vein cannulation: A qualitative observational study
Authors: Svendsen Edel J. , Bjørk Ida T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesHealth care and treatment should be voluntary, but restraint is often used during treatment of children. Knowledge about how health care providers respond to preschool children's resistance is lacking and can help understand current paediatric care in hospitals. The aim of the present article was to provide knowledge about how healthcare providers respond to preschool children's resistance during the clinical procedure of peripheral vein cannulation.DesignAn explorative qualitative research design was developed for this study.MethodsObservations with video recording were used to collect data. Eight nurses and seven physicians participated in the study (n = 15). Their responses to preschool children's (n = 6) resistance were studied during 14 attempts of peripheral vein cannulation. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used.ResultsThe healthcare providers made 380 responses to children's resistive expressions, interpreted within four main types, responses to acknowledge the child, responses to distract the child, responses to persuade the child and responses to reject the child. All main types of responses were used by both nurses and physicians. Regardless of the amount of resistance the children expressed, all children received distracting and acknowledging responses. Rejecting responses were used approximately twice as much in the implementation phase as in the preparation phase. Distraction, persuasion and rejection began in the preparation phase and increased in the implementation phase.ConclusionsThe main types and sub‐types of responses showed how healthcare providers use a wide array of responses to meet children's resistance during peripheral vein cannulation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can enable health care providers to become aware of their own practices during peripheral vein cannulation and other clinical procedures and to elaborate on their use of responses that can be considered intrinsically less child‐friendly.
Assessment of a Novel Oleaginous Filamentous Microalga Klebsormidium sp. Lgx80 (Streptophyta, Klebsormidiales) for Biomass and Lipid Production1
Authors: Xu Zijun , He Qing , Gong Yingchun , Wang Yao , Chi Qinglei , Liu Guoxiang , Hu Zhengyu , Zhang Chengwu , Hu Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Commercial cultivation of eukaryotic microalgae has so far employed a unicellular form of species only (e.g., Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Dunaliella salina, and Haematococcus pluvialis). In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using the filamentous eukaryotic microalga Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 as a new cultivar for biomass and lipid production. The effects of different forms and concentrations of nitrogen on growth and lipid production of Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 were studied by using a glass column (ø4.5 × 60 cm) photobioreactor under laboratory conditions. Growth and lipid production of the new strain were further evaluated in an outdoor pilot‐scale tubular photobioreactor. The results showed that when supplied with urea as a source of nitrogen Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 yielded a final biomass concentration of 8.49 ± 0.10 g · L−1 in which a cellular lipid content was 59.2 ± 0.4% DW. Under such conditions, the biomass and lipid productivities were 471.7 ± 5.9 and 248.1 ± 0.0 mg · L−1 · d−1, respectively. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the main fatty acids of Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 were palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2ω6), and linolenic acid (C18:3ω3), of which linoleic acid (C18:2ω6) accounted for up to 67.5 ± 0.1% of total fatty acids. When grown outdoors in a 13,000‐L tubular photobioreactor with an initial nitrogen concentration of 3 mM urea, Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 reached the highest biomass concentration of 2.63 ± 0.09 g · L−1 with the cells containing 38.0 ± 0.5% lipids (% DW), resulting in the volumetric biomass and lipid productivities of 147.2 ± 3.6 and 37.9 ± 0.9 mg · L−1 d−1, respectively. The results of light:dark cycle experiment showed that a durative and prolonged light irradiation hindered the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the cells, but promoted the carotenoid accumulation. These results suggested that Klebsormidium sp. LGX80 can be a potential oleaginous filamentous microalga for commercial production of microalgal oils.