bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing**
Authors: Borchers Janis S. , Campbell Claire R. , Van Scoy Savanah B. , Clark Morgan J. , Anand Robbyn K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn array of many bipolar electrodes (BPEs) can be controlled by a single pair of driving electrodes yet allows for multiplexed analysis of many individual biomarkers or single cells at once. A wide range of bipolar electrochemical sensors have been devised, many of which operate under battery power and produce visible signals (e. g., luminescent, electrochromic) appropriate for smartphone or naked eye readout. These features of BPEs are advantageous in the context of clinical and environmental sensing applications at the point of need. However, the sensitivity of BPEs is poor in comparison to direct measurement of current at an individual electrode, and therefore, the enhancement of signals obtained at BPEs is an active area of research. Here, we describe signal amplification by redox cycling accomplished by interdigitation of each BPE in an array with a shared driving electrode. We evaluate amplification obtained for interelectrode spacing in the range of 35
m to 5
m, over which the limit of detection decreased by an order of magnitude. Each interdigitated BPE (IDBPE) in the array has an independent, reproducible, and linear response to a reversible electroactive analyte. Therefore, this universal amplification strategy allows for multiplexed or spatially resolved sensing in point‐of‐need applications.
Thermodynamic Modeling and Evaluation of Fuel Evaporation in Petrol Engine Tanks
Authors: Ohmann Sven , Hedwig Michael , Breitkopf Cornelia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic modeling of the fuel evaporation in a tank of petrol engine cars by calculation of vapor‐liquid equilibria of multi‐compound systems of real model fluids is described. An overview of the modeling background and formulation is provided. The results of simulated fuel evaporation with the derived model for the first diurnal for different types of fuels and influencing parameters are presented.
Importance of epicardial adipose tissue localization using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with heart failure with mid‐range and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: van Woerden Gijs , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Gorter Thomas M. , van Empel Vanessa P. M. , Hemels Martin E. W. , Hazebroek Eric J. , van Veldhuisen Sophie L. , Willems Tineke P. , Rienstra Michiel , Westenbrink Berend Daan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40%, but whether this is due to a regional or global effect of EAT remains unclear.HypothesisRegional EAT is associated with alterations in local cardiac structure and function.MethodsPatients with HF and LVEF >40% were studied. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging was used to localize EAT surrounding the right ventricle (RV) and LV separately, using anterior‐ and posterior interventricular grooves as boundaries. Atrial‐ and ventricular EAT were differentiated using the mitral‐valve position. All EAT depots were related to the adjacent myocardial structure.Results102 consecutive HF patients were enrolled. The majority of EAT was present around the RV (42% of total EAT, p < .001). RV‐EAT showed a strong association with increased RV mass (β = 0.60, p < .001) and remained associated with RV mass after adjusting for total EAT, sex, N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), renal function and blood glucose. LV‐EAT showed a similar association with LV mass in univariable analysis, albeit less pronounced (β = 0.24, p = .02). Atrial EAT was increased in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to those without atrial fibrillation (30 vs. 26 ml/m2, p = .04), whereas ventricular EAT was similar (74 vs. 75 ml/m2, p = .9).ConclusionsRegional EAT is strongly associated with local cardiac structure and function in HF patients with LVEF >40%. These data support the hypothesis that regional EAT is involved in the pathophysiology of HF with LVEF >40%.
A meta‐analysis on allergen‐specific immunotherapy using MCT® (MicroCrystalline Tyrosine)‐adsorbed allergoids in pollen allergic patients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Becker Sven , Zieglmayer Petra , Canto Gabriela , Fassio Filippo , Yong Patrick , Acikel Cengizhan , Raskopf Esther , Steveling‐Klein Esther Helen , Allekotte Silke , Mösges Ralph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe World Allergy Organization and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommend to perform product‐specific meta‐analyses for allergen‐specific immunotherapies because of the high degree of heterogeneity between individual products. This meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of Glutaraldehyde‐modified and MCT® (MicroCrystalline Tyrosine)‐adsorbed allergoids (MATA).MethodsThe databases MEDLINE, LILACS, embase, LIVIVO, Web of Science and Google (Scholar) were searched for publications on MATA up to June 2019. Primary endpoint was the combined symptom and medication score (CSMS). Secondary endpoints were single scores, immunogenicity and improvement of allergic condition. Secondary safety endpoints were the occurrence of side effects. A random effects model was applied with (standardized) mean differences ([S]MDs) including confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was analyzed using the I2 index and publication bias using Egger's test and Funnel plots. Subgroups were analyzed regarding age and asthma status.ResultsEight randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trials were selected for efficacy and 43 publications for safety analysis. In total, 4531 patients were included in this analysis including eight studies containing data on children and adolescents. AIT with MATA significantly reduced allergic symptoms and medication use with a SMD for CSMS of −0.8 (CI: −1.24, −0.36) in comparison to placebo. Heterogeneity was moderate between the studies. The total symptom score (−1.2 [CI: −2.11, −0.29]) and the total medication score (−2.2 [CI: −3.65, −0.74]) were also significantly reduced after MATA treatment. Patient's condition improved significantly after treatment with MATA, with an odds ratio of 3.05 (CI: 1.90, 4.90) when compared to placebo. The proportion of patients, who developed side effects was 38% (CI: 19%, 57%). No serious side effects occurred. Safety in the subgroups of asthmatic patients, children and adolescents did not differ from the overall patient population.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis reveals a large body of evidence from publications investigating MATA. MATA significantly improved allergic symptoms and reduced the use of anti‐allergic medication in comparison to placebo, with an excellent safety profile. Especially for children and asthmatic patients, the use of MATAs can be considered as safe, because the safety profiles in these groups did not differ from the total patient population.
Doughnutie: An efficient and low‐latency cloud data center network architecture
Authors: Nasirian Sara , Faghani Farhad , Daneshvar Farzanegan Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

SummaryData center network provides the supporting infrastructure for cloud computing. Torus interconnection network is widely employed in the cloud data center networks. However, its long network diameter and average path length (APL) are prohibitive factors for supporting the delay‐sensitive applications. With the aim of meeting latency, network capacity, fault‐tolerance, scalability, and energy‐efficiency requirements of cloud data center networks, we propose a new data center network architecture, named Doughnutie. Doughnutie is built by adding a number of flyway connections to the base Torus network to ameliorate its performance. Doughnutie does not follow a single principle for establishing all of its flyways and consequently, each part of the network can profit from all local, faraway, and neither‐local‐nor‐faraway types of connection. Doughnutie decreases both network diameter and APL, which in turn leads to higher communication efficiency and lower network latency. Moreover, an exclusively designed loop‐free load‐balanced adaptive routing algorithm, named Doughnuter, is proposed. Employing the Doughnuter routing algorithm results in more efficient utilization of all the Doughnutie network resources. Theoretical analysis and simulation results also prove the superiorities of Doughnutie in throughput, load balancing, fault tolerance, and energy‐efficiency.
Ramanujan bipartite graph products for efficient block sparse neural networks
Authors: Vooturi Dharma Teja , Varma Girish , Kothapalli Kishore 
Published: June 2021

SummarySparse neural networks are shown to give accurate predictions competitive to denser versions, while also minimizing the number of arithmetic operations performed. However current GPU hardware can only exploit structured sparsity patterns for better efficiency. We propose a framework for generating structured multilevel block sparse neural networks by using the theory of graph products. Our Ramanujan bipartite graph product (RBGP) framework uses products of Ramanujan graphs to obtain the best connectivity for a given level of sparsity. This essentially ensures that the i.) the networks has the structured block sparsity for which runtime efficient algorithms exists, ii.) the model gives high prediction accuracy, due to the better expressive power derived from the connectivity of the graph, iii.) the graph data structure has a succinct representation that can be stored efficiently in memory. We use our framework to design a specific connectivity pattern called RBGP4 which makes efficient use of the memory hierarchy available on GPU. We benchmark our approach on image classification and machine translation tasks with an edge (Jetson Nano 2GB) as well as server (V100) GPUs. When compared with commonly used sparsity patterns like unstructured and block, we obtain significant speedups while achieving the same level of accuracy.
Dynamic load balancing assisted optimized access control mechanism for Edge‐Fog‐Cloud network in Internet of Things environment
Authors: Agrawal Neha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe modern age networks are supposed to be connected, agile, programmable, and load efficient to counter the side‐effects of an imbalanced network such as network congestion, higher transmission cost, low reliability, and so forth. The wide number of electronic devices around us have a great potential to realize the concept of a connected world. Internet of Things (IoT) is an effort of the research community to realize this concept, and cloud computing plays an important role in this realization. However, fog and edge computing are more prominent solutions for small power devices and latency sensitive applications. As IoT sensors generate huge volume of data, and the IoT environment comprises of multiple applications and traffic conditions, a network traffic based dynamic load balancing approach is needed to optimize the overall network performance. This work proposes a layer based Edge‐Fog‐Cloud network architecture to distribute the network traffic load in an IoT environment. In addition to this, a load balancing assisted optimized access control mechanism is discussed to improve the network load conditions further. The proposed mechanism is tested using Amazon web services platform and the achieved results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The simulation results show an average improved CPU utilization rate of 10.13%, 10.01%, 10.82%, 8.78%, and 11.91% in five different experiments conducted.
Association of oral hygiene practices with the outcome of untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences in pre‐ and primary school children: A cross‐sectional study in a northern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gudipaneni Ravi Kumar , Patil Santosh R. , Assiry Ali A. , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Bandela Vinod , Metta Kiran Kumar , Almuhanna Redha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association amongst oral hygiene practices, untreated dental caries (UDC) and clinical consequences of UDC in pre‐ and primary school children aged 3–5 and 6–7 years.Materials and methodsA total of 250 subjects were recruited. The demographic and oral hygiene data were collected using a closed‐ended questionnaire. The UDC was measured using the ‘d/D' component of the decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and its clinical consequences were recorded using the ‘p/P' component of the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 94.2% and 56.5% of the participants had one or more UDC and pulp involvement (p ≥ 1), respectively in 3–5‐year‐old age group. In the 6‐7‐year‐ age group the prevalence of UDC was 26.7% and the pulp involvement was 11.6%. Children who brushed with their fingers were 4.7 times more likely to have UDC (crude odds ratio [COR] = 4.71; 95% CI: 1.21–18.40). Twice‐daily brushing resulted in a 39% (p = 0.732) lower likelihood of having UDC compared with once‐daily brushing (COR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.04, 10.09). Children with irregular brushing frequency were 3.2 times more likely to have pulpal involvement (COR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.74–5.93).ConclusionFinger brushing, irregular frequency of brushing and lack of parental supervision whilst brushing were associated with UDC and its consequences.
Feasibility of assessing brain activity using mobile, in‐home collection of electroencephalography: methods and analysis
Authors: Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Morales Santiago , Leach Stephanie C. , Bowers Maureen E. , Debnath Ranjan , Fifer William P. , Fox Nathan A. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe last decade has seen increased availability of mobile electroencephalography (EEG). These mobile systems enable researchers to conduct data collection “in‐context,” reducing participant burden and potentially increasing diversity and representation of research samples. Our research team completed in‐home data collection from more than 400 twelve‐month‐old infants from low‐income backgrounds using a mobile EEG system. In this paper, we provide methodological and analytic guidance for collecting high‐quality, mobile EEG in infants. Specifically, we offer insights and recommendations for equipment selection, data collection, and data analysis, highlighting important considerations for selecting a mobile EEG system. Examples include the size of the recording equipment, electrode type, reference types, and available montages. We also highlight important recommendations surrounding preparing a nonstandardized recording environment for EEG collection, obtaining informed consent from parents, instructions for parents during capping and recording, stimuli and task design, training researchers, and monitoring data as it comes in. Additionally, we provide access to the analysis code and demonstrate the robustness of the data from a recent study using this approach, in which 20 artifact‐free epochs achieve good internal consistency reliability. Finally, we provide recommendations and publicly available resources for future studies aiming to collect mobile EEG.
Attentional bias in eating disorders: A meta‐review
Authors: Stott Natalie , Fox John R.E. , Williams Marc O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐review summarizes and synthesizes the most reliable findings regarding attentional bias in eating disorders across paradigms and stimulus types and considers implications for theory and future research.MethodFour databases were systematically searched, along with reference lists of included reviews, yielding 15 systematic reviews (four of which were also meta‐analyses). The quality of each review was appraised using the AMSTAR‐2.ResultsKey findings from systematic reviews are summarized, organized by paradigm and stimulus type.DiscussionThe authors synthesize evidence from the highest‐quality studies. There is evidence for attentional avoidance and vigilance in eating disorders depending on stimulus properties (low vs. high‐calorie food; high‐body mass vs. low‐body mass index photos of others) and attentional avoidance of food stimuli in those with anorexia nervosa. Sad mood induction may generate attentional bias for food in those with binge‐eating disorder. There may also be attentional bias to general threat in eating disorder samples. This meta‐review concludes that most systematic reviews in this field are low in quality and summarizes the main areas that could be improved upon in future reviews. Implications of this study's findings for theory and intervention research are also discussed.
High temperatures and human pressures interact to influence mortality in an African carnivore
Authors: Rabaiotti Daniella , Groom Rosemary , McNutt J. Weldon , Watermeyer Jessica , O'Neill Helen M. K. , Woodroffe Rosie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The impacts of high ambient temperatures on mortality in humans and domestic animals are well‐understood. However much less is known about how hot weather affects mortality in wild animals. High ambient temperatures have been associated with African wild dog Lycaon pictus pup mortality, suggesting that high temperatures might also be linked to high adult mortality.

We analyzed mortality patterns in African wild dogs radio‐collared in Kenya (0°N), Botswana (20°S), and Zimbabwe (20°S), to examine whether ambient temperature was associated with adult mortality.

We found that high ambient temperatures were associated with increased adult wild dog mortality at the Kenya site, and there was some evidence for temperature associations with mortality at the Botswana and Zimbabwe sites.

At the Kenya study site, which had the highest human impact, high ambient temperatures were associated with increased risks of wild dogs being killed by people, and by domestic dog diseases. In contrast, temperature was not associated with the risk of snare‐related mortality at the Zimbabwe site, which had the second‐highest human impact. Causes of death varied markedly between sites.

Pack size was positively associated with survival at all three sites.

These findings suggest that while climate change may not lead to new causes of mortality, rising temperatures may exacerbate existing anthropogenic threats to this endangered species, with implications for conservation. This evidence suggests that temperature‐related mortality, including interactions between temperature and other anthropogenic threats, should be investigated in a greater number of species to understand and mitigate likely impacts of climate change.

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Individual quality and phenology mediate the effect of radioactive contamination on body temperature in Chernobyl barn swallows
Authors: Boratyński Zbyszek , Mousseau Timothy A. , Møller Anders Pape 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic stressors, such as radioactive contaminants released from the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidents, deteriorate ecological and evolutionary processes, as evidence for damaging effects of radioactive contamination on wildlife is accumulating. Yet little is known about physiological traits of animals inhabiting contaminated areas, and how those are affected by individual quality and phenology. We investigated variation in body temperature of wild barn swallows,Hirundo rustica, exposed to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine and Belarus. We tested whether exposure to variable levels of radioactive contamination modified core body temperature of birds, and whether individual and phenological characteristics modulated radiosensitivity of body temperature. We showed that barn swallow body temperature varied with exposure to environmental radioactive contamination and that individual characteristics and phenology affected radioactive exposure. Increased radiosensitivity and up‐regulation of body temperature were detected in birds of low body condition, high risk of capture, and in animals captured late during the day but early during the season. These results highlight the complex ways that the body temperature of a wild bird is impacted by exposure to increased radioactive contamination in natural habitats. By impacting body temperature, increased radioactive contamination may compromise energetic balance, jeopardize responsiveness to global warming, and increase risk of overheating.
Understanding the evolution of nutritive taste in animals: Insights from biological stoichiometry and nutritional geometry
Authors: Demi Lee M. , Taylor Brad W. , Reading Benjamin J. , Tordoff Michael G. , Dunn Robert R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA major conceptual gap in taste biology is the lack of a general framework for understanding the evolution of different taste modalities among animal species. We turn to two complementary nutritional frameworks, biological stoichiometry theory and nutritional geometry, to develop hypotheses for the evolution of different taste modalities in animals. We describe how the attractive tastes of Na‐, Ca‐, P‐, N‐, and C‐containing compounds are consistent with principles of both frameworks based on their shared focus on nutritional imbalances and consumer homeostasis. Specifically, we suggest that the evolution of multiple nutritive taste modalities can be predicted by identifying individual elements that are typically more concentrated in the tissues of animals than plants. Additionally, we discuss how consumer homeostasis can inform our understanding of why some taste compounds (i.e., Na, Ca, and P salts) can be either attractive or aversive depending on concentration. We also discuss how these complementary frameworks can help to explain the evolutionary history of different taste modalities and improve our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to loss of taste capabilities in some animal lineages. The ideas presented here will stimulate research that bridges the fields of evolutionary biology, sensory biology, and ecology.