bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of "Grooming" Educators in Elementary Schools
Authors: Agustin Hana , Sari Dewi Ratna , Resida Mega , Anwar Muhammad Alfanani 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan, mengindentifikasi serta menentukan macam-macam perilaku grooming pendidik di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka atau library research yang sumber utamanya adalah data-data pustaka, seluruh data pustaka dianalisa dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif komparatif dan analisis kritis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pendidik di Indonesia harus memiliki sikap yang baik sebagai tauladan bagi anak-anak. Peran orang tua juga sangat penting dalam memperhatikan anak-anak mereka bergaul di lingkungan luar.
The Effect of Additional Ethanol Steam Temperature Variations on Pertalite Fuel Use on Performance and Efficiency of 4 Stroke Motorcycles
Authors: Saifudin Akhmad 
Published: August 2021

The means of transportation that are widely used in Indonesia are vehicles in the form of motorbikes and cars, as well as the increasing dependence on the consumption of fuel oil (BBM). The impact is that the need for fuel oil is also high. As a result of dependence on fossil energy this one increases. Based on the problems that have been raised, a concept has emerged to make alternative fuels that can be used as a fuel mixture or as an alternative to these fuels. One of the renewable energy sources that can be utilized is ethanol which comes from corn, wheat, and others. ethanol vapor as a fuel mixture, where the ethanol used is not mixed directly into the fuel. And by utilizing ethanol vapor, it is also expected to increase the performance and efficiency of motorbikes. In this study we used a reference concept which was then used as a concept, how to influence additional ethanol vapor temperature variations on the use of pertalite fuel on the performance and efficiency of 4-stroke motorbikes using temperature variations of 400C, 500C, and 600C and variations of valve openings on the ethanol vapor hose to the intake manifold. After conducting the test, the results show that the best power is obtained from the addition of ethanol steam at a temperature of 450 full openings when it is at 7973 RPM rotation which shows a power of 31.2 HP and when it is at 5757 RPM rotation which shows a torque of 32.24 N.m. The best fuel efficiency is obtained from the addition of ethanol steam with a temperature of 450 full openings with a fuel consumption of 1 liter only reduced by 75 ml every 5 minutes of use at the same speed.
Application of Sequential Quadratic Programming Based on Active Set Method in Cleaner Production
Authors: Xia Li , Ling JianYang , Xu Zhen , Bi Rongshan , Zhao Wenying , Xiang Shuguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
On the platform of general chemical process simulation software(it was named Optimization Engineer, OPEN), a general optimization algorithm for chemical process simulation is developed using C++ code. The algorithm is based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). We adopt the activity set algorithm and the rotation axis algorithm to generate the activity set to solve the quadratic programming sub-problem. The active set method can simplify the number of constraints and speed up the calculation. At the same time, we used limited memory BFGS algorithm (L-BFGS) to simplify the solution of second derivative matrix. The special matrix storage mode of L-BFGS algorithm can save the storage space and speed up the computing efficiency. We use exact penalty function and traditional step-size rule in the algorithm. These two methods can ensure the convergence of the algorithm, a more correct search direction and suitable search step. The example shows that the advanced optimization function can meet the requirements of General Chemical Process Calculation. The number of iterations can reduce by about 6.0% . The computation time can reduce by about 6.5% . We combined this algorithm with chemical simulation technology to develop the optimization function of chemical engineering simulation. This optimization function can play an important role in the process optimization calculation aiming at energy saving and green production.
Utilization of Dental Services and Health Literacy by Older Seniors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Weber Sophia , Hahnel Sebastian , Nitschke Ina , Günther Elena , Rauch Angelika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the utilization of dental services by older seniors during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate their ability of finding, understanding, and using information on COVID-19.Methods: At the end of February 2021, a survey addressing demographic characteristics of the participants, (pain-associated) utilization of dental services, worries regarding a potential COVID-19 infection, the individual use of protective masks, and difficulties regarding the access to information on COVID-19 (by using the modified European Health Literacy Questionnaire [HLS-EU-Q16]) was developed. It was sent to all patients of the Dental Clinic of University of Leipzig who were either 75, 80, or 85 years old (n=1228). Participation was voluntarily and anonymously; questionnaires had to be returned within six weeks, no reminders were sent.Results: Of the 439 replies (response rate 35.7%), twelve were excluded from data extraction due to disinterest, dementia, or lack of age information. Of the older seniors, 81.5% (n=348) had utilized at least one dental examination and 54.2% of the dentulous patients (n=199) had attended at least one dental hygiene appointment within the past year. Up to 55.8% of all participants said it was “difficult” or “very difficult” to find, understand, and use information on COVID-19, especially when judging reliability of information presented in the media, which was especially true for seniors with assigned care levels presenting odds ratios up to 5.30.Conclusions: The investigation revealed a frequent utilization of dental services by older seniors during the COVID-19 pandemic. As they had difficulties with finding, using, and understanding information required to acquire or maintain a good health status, dental prevention measures and education about health issues for this vulnerable group should be improved, especially for those with assigned care levels.
Baseline Socio-Demographic and Mortality Profile of a Peri-urban Coastal Community in Karachi, Pakistan Before the Introduction of a Comprehensive Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Intervention Package
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Nayani Kanwal , Muhammad Ameer , Shafiq Yasir , Baloch Benazir , Adamjee Rehan , Jehan Fyezah , Ahmed Imran , Muhammad Sajid , Muhammad Sajid , Nisar Muhammad Imran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Pakistan has the highest neonatal mortality rate and one of the highest under-5 mortality rates in the world, at 42 deaths and 74 deaths per thousand live births respectively. We undertook implementation of an evidence-based maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) intervention package to reduce under-five mortality in Rehri Goth, a peri-urban coastal community on the outskirts of Karachi, Pakistan. This paper aims to present the socio-demographic and under-5 mortality profile of Rehri Goth prior to implementation of the intervention package. We conducted a detailed census of all households on socio-demographic variables. ResultsOver the course of the census period, 6,962 households were visited. The total population of Rehri Goth was found to be 42,980. The male to female ratio was 52:48. Among adults aged 15 years and above, 67.1% had no formal education. The neonatal mortality and under-five mortality rates were 59 and 109 deaths per 1,000 live births respectively. Rehri Goth has a baseline child mortality rate that is higher than the national average in Pakistan. This provides an opportunity to deliver an evidence-based, targeted MNCH package to reduce child mortality.
Correlation Between Parity and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women Aged 40 Years and Older: The Reaction Study
Authors: Xie Qian , Xu Haoran , Wan Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the number of live-birth pregnancies and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese women according to menstruation history.
Methods
Registry data for all pregnancies in a cohort of 6157 Chinese women aged 40 years or older were obtained and the number of live-birth pregnancies were enumerated. We defined MetS using five criteria: impaired insulin metabolism and glucose tolerance, obesity in the abdominal area, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess potential risk factors for MetS. Postmenopausal women with three or more of live-birth pregnancies had the highest prevalence of MetS (P < 0.05).
Results
Among the 6157 females aged 40 years or older in Luzhou city, 2143 (34.8%) participants had incident MetS. The number of live-birth pregnancies was significantly correlated with age and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS increased with the number of live-birth pregnancies (P < 0.01), and the frequency in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that in premenopausal women (P < 0.001). In the binary logistic regression model, menopausal status [OR = 0.343 (0.153–0.769), P < 0.001] were significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS.
Conclusions
The number of live-birth pregnancies is correlated with an increased risk of MetS in Chinese women aged 40 years and over, especially in postmenopausal women. Greater attention should be paid to postmenopausal women who have had multiple live-birth pregnancies with a view to intervening early to prevent related diseases.
Block Chain Based Robust Image Watermarking Using Edge Detection And Wavelet Transform
Authors: Mannepalli Praveen Kumar , Richhariya Vineet , Gupta Susheel Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Dutta Pushan Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Image protection is essential part of the scientific community today. The invisible watermark is widely being used in past to secure the medical imaging data from copyright protection. In this paper novel hybrid combination of the invisible image watermarking and the Blockchain based encryption is proposed to design. The watermarking is implemented using edge detection (ED) of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficient. The medical image is decomposed using L level DWT transform to generate multi-resolution coefficients. The edge detection is applied to HH wavelet band to generate the edge coefficients. To improve robustness difference of dilation and edge coefficient are used for watermark embedding. The watermark image is encrypted using Blockchain based hash algorithm for medical images. Then at the decoding end first decryption is achieved and then image is reconstructed. The results are sequentially presented for both stages. The PSNR performance is compared with additional level of security.
Genome Survey of Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus to Identify Genomic Information, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers and Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: Huang Guiyun , Cao Jianmeng , Chen Chen , Wang Miao , Liu Zhigang , Gao Fengying , Yi Mengmeng , Chen Gang , Lu Maixin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The dojo loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is an important economic species in Asia because of its nutritional value and broad environmental adaptability. Despite its economic importance, genomic data from M. anguillicaudatus was unavailable. In the present study, we conducted a genome survey of M. anguillicaudatus using next-generation sequencing technology. Its genome size was estimated to be 1105.97 Mb by using K-mer analysis, and its heterozygosity ratio, repeat sequence content, GC content were 1.45%, 58.98%, and 38.03%, respectively. A total of 376,357 microsatellite motifs were identified and mononucleotides, with a frequency of 42.57%, were the most frequently repeated motifs, followed by 40.83% dinucleotide, 7.49% trinucleotide, 8.09% tetranucleotide, and 0.91% pentanucleotide motifs. The AC/GT, AAT/ATT, and ACAG/CTGT repeats were the most abundant motifs among dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and tetranucleotide motifs, respectively. Besides, a complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced. Based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, M. anguillicaudatus in this study was the “introgressed” mitochondrial type. Furthermore, a total of 376,357 SSR motifs were detected from the genome survey assembly. Seventy microsatellite loci were randomly selected from these SSR loci to test polymorphic, of which, twenty microsatellite loci were assessed in 30 individuals from a wild population. The number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) per locus ranged from 7 to 19, 0.400 to 0.933, and 0.752 to 0.938, respectively. All twenty loci were highly informative (PIC > 0.700). Eight loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05). This is the first report of a genome survey in M. anguillicaudatus, and genome information, mitochondrial genome, and microsatellite markers will be valuable for further studies on population genetic analysis, natural resource conservation, and molecular marker-assisted selective breeding.
Advances in Purification of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ectodomain Protein Using High-Throughput Screening and Non-Affinity Methods
Authors: Cibelli Nicole , Arias Gabriel , Figur McKenzie , Khayat Shireen , Leach Kristin , Loukinov Ivan , Gulla Krishana , Gowetski Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein of the pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a critically important target of vaccine design and therapeutic development. A high-yield, scalable, cGMP-compliant downstream process for the stabilized, soluble, native-like S protein ectodomain is necessary to meet the extensive material requirements for ongoing research and development. As of June 2021, S proteins have exclusively been purified using difficult-to-scale, low-yield methodologies such as affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Herein we present the first known non-affinity purification method for two S constructs, S_dF_2P and HexaPro, expressed in the mammalian cell line, CHO-DG44. A high-throughput resin screen on the Tecan Freedom EVO200 automated bioprocess workstation led to identification of ion exchange resins as viable purification steps. The chromatographic unit operations along with industry-standard methodologies for viral clearances, low pH treatment and 20 nm filtration, were assessed for feasibility. The developed process was applied to purify HexaPro from a CHO-DG44 stable pool harvest and yielded the highest yet reported amount of pure S protein. Our results demonstrate that commercially available chromatography resins are suitable for cGMP manufacturing of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein constructs. We anticipate our results will provide a blueprint for worldwide biopharmaceutical production laboratories, as well as a starting point for process intensification.
Characterization and complete genome sequence of bacteriophage vB_Vc_SrVc2, a marine phage that infects Vibrio campbellii
Authors: Lomelí-Ortega Carlos Omar , Martínez-Sández Alexis de Jesús , Barajas-Sandoval Diana , Magallón-Barajas Francisco Javier , Millard Andrew , Martínez-Villalobos Juan Manuel , Arechiga-Carvajal Elva Teresa , Quiroz-Guzman Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vibrio campbellii is widely distributed in the marine environment and is an important pathogen of aquatic organisms such as shrimp, fish, and mollusks. The emergence of multi-drug resistance among these bacteria resulted in a worldwide public health problem, which requires alternative treatment approaches such as phage therapy. In the present study, we isolated a phage vB_Vc_SrVc2 from white shrimp hepatopancreas with symptoms of AHPND. Phage vB_Vc_SrVc2 is a member of the genus Maculvirus and the family Autographiviridae, with high lytic ability against Vibrio isolates. Phage has a high resistance to a broad range of temperatures, salinity, UV radiation and chloroform. The genome size was 43,157 bp, with a GC content of 49.2% that encodes 49 putative ORFs, no tRNAs, showed three single nucleotide polymorphisms, two small deletions and one nucleotide insertion compared to SrVc9, showing slightly different infectivity profiles.. No lysogeny related genes were detected in vB_Vc_SrVc2 genome. Overall phage vB_Vc_SrVc2 has a good potential for therapeutic use in the aquaculture industry against V. campbellii infections.
Study on Groundwater Recharge Based on Chloride Mass Balance and Hydrochemistry in the Irrigated Agricultural Area, North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Xi , Chen Jiansheng , Zhan Lucheng , Ma Fenyan , Yan Jiaheng , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the North China Plain, water shortage seriously restricts economic development, and agricultural irrigation depends heavily on groundwater extraction. Irrigation water and precipitation may directly recharge to groundwater in the irrigated agricultural region. Therefore, calculating the recharge of precipitation and irrigation to groundwater is essential for the sustainable utilization of water resources. Furthermore, determining the transformation relationship of precipitation-soil water-groundwater is helpful to understand the hydrological cycle process better. The average groundwater recharge calculated by the chloride mass balance method is between 66 and 144mm/yr, accounting for only 7%–17% of the total precipitation and irrigation water. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes reveal that precipitation only affect soil water in topsoil, and soil water in deep soil is recharged upward by groundwater. Hydrochemical composition of soil water shows high concentrations of solutes in unsaturated zones. Infiltration water dissolves solutes through the unsaturated zone and brings them into the shallow groundwater, causing the deterioration of shallow groundwater quality. Therefore, reducing the recharge of precipitation and irrigation to groundwater by controlling the groundwater level and the intensity of single irrigation is recommended to protect groundwater quality. These results contribute to the effective management of groundwater resources and the control of agricultural pollution in groundwater.
Broadband mid-infrared plasmon-polaritons in metallic-dielectric interfaces
Authors: Feres Flávio , Barcelos Ingrid , Bahamon Dario , Levandoski João , Mancini Andrea , Santos Thiago dos , Mayer Rafael , Camargo Davi , Bufon Carlos , Cernescu Adrian , Maier Stefan , Freitas Raul , Maia Francisco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report real-space near-field images of mid-infrared (IR) surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves in the insulating/metal/insulating (IMI) heterostructure: hexagonal boron nitride/gold/silicon dioxide (hBN/Au/SiO2). The SPPs are observed in the 750 – 1500 cm-1 (~13.3 – ~6.7 μm) range, feature micrometer-sized wavelengths and propagation lengths (LSPP) exceeding 20 μm at room temperature. Comparatively, real-space mapping of SPP waves in the mid-IR has been shown only in graphene, but with nanometer sized-wavelength and LSPP ~ 10 μm at cryogenic temperatures. Interestingly, we show interference between different polariton types in the IMI since the lower momenta SPPs in the metal surface interfere with higher momenta hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhP) in the hBN top layer creating SPP-HPhP overlapped waves. In agreement with theory, we quantify momentum and damping governing the SPP waves. Tunability is discussed upon changing the IMI heterostructure. Our theory predicts SPP group velocities reaching 20 % of the light velocity in vacuum and 0.2 – 0.4 ps lifetimes. We further demonstrate that the SPP waves interact with SiO2 and hBN phonons in the strong coupling regime. As a general effect of the metal/dielectric interface, the mid-IR SPP waves can be compelling for fast metal-based plasmonics, whilst their ability to strongly couple to phonons can be further explored for enhanced sensing in the mid-IR.
Combined Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, Imidacloprid, And Acetamiprid On Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida)
Authors: Teng Miaomiao , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Chen , Zhou Lingfeng , Wu Xiaowei , Wu Fengchang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mixed pesticides have been broadly used in agriculture. However, assessing the combined effects of pesticides in the environment is essential for potential risk assessment, though the task is far from complete. Median lethal concentrations of pesticides as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and cellulose activities were measured in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) individually and jointly exposed to pesticides imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), chlorpyrifos (CRF), and abamectin (ABM)). A 3:1 mixture of CRF and IMI had additive effects, while a 3:1 mixture of CRF and ACE had synergic effects. The joint effects of ABM with IMI or with ACE were synergistic. As CRF concentration increased, AChE activities were significantly decreased. For high concentrations of IMI, AChE activities under combined CRF and IMI applications were significantly inhibited following increased exposure time. Moreover, the cellulase activities under combined applications of CRF with IMI or with ACE had similar effects. This study provides basic data for scientifically evaluating the environmental risk and safety of combined uses of pesticides.
Constipation, Diabetes, and Split-Dose Regimen Are Associated With Suboptimal Bowel Preparation in Young Patients
Authors: Liu Lexin , Wang Jingbin , Lai Yingzhe , Liu Li , Huang Guoxin , Ma Pengli 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
An increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in young patients has been observed. However, there is little research investigating the factors associated with suboptimal bowel preparation focusing on young patients compared to patients > 50 years.
Aims
We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with a suboptimal bowel preparation in young patients (age ≤ 50 years) using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 1,980 patients who underwent complete colonoscopy from June 2017 to September 2020. Data regarding demographic and clinical characteristics and bowel preparation adequacy were collected. Furthermore, factors associated with suboptimal bowel preparation were analyzed.
Results
Among our participants, 17.8% demonstrated suboptimal bowel preparation. After adjusting for several factors, multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (OR:0.28; 95% CI, 0.14–0.56, P = .000), constipation (OR:0.20; 95% CI, 0.13–0.29, P = .000), and split-dose bowel preparation (OR:1.69; 95% CI, 1.28–2.23, P = .000) were independent predictors of suboptimal bowel preparation. Additionally, constipation was significantly associated with poor bowel preparation in all colonic segments; on the other hand, diabetes and split-dose bowel preparation were significant on right side of the colon.
Conclusions
Constipation, diabetes and split-dose bowel preparation were significantly associated with suboptimal bowel preparation in young patients.