bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
505Maternal autoimmune disease and increased attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among offspring: A cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Nielsen Timothy , Nassar Natasha , Shand Antonia , Dale Russell , Lain Samantha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Maternal autoimmune disease (AD) has been associated with increased neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, but few studies have assessed Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Methods
Population-based record linkage study of 831,718 singleton term births in New South Wales, Australia, 2000-2010. Any maternal AD and specific autoimmune conditions were identified from hospital admission data, and ADHD in children was ascertained from stimulant prescription data (up to 2014). The association between maternal AD and ADHD was examined using Cox regression analysis after propensity score matching (1:4) to control for maternal confounders. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted, and pooled hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weights.

Results
Of 831,718 births, 12,767 (1.5%) women had AD. In a propensity score-matched cohort (n = 63,050) maternal AD was associated with ADHD in offspring: “any AD” (HR 1.30, 95%CI 1.15-1.46), type-1 diabetes (T1D) (HR 2.23, 95%CI 1.66-3.00), psoriasis (HR 1.66, 95%CI 1.02-2.70) and rheumatic fever/carditis (HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.06-2.89). Five studies including ours were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Any AD (2 studies: HR 1.20, 95%CI 1.03-1.38), T1D (4 studies: HR 1.53, 95%CI 1.27-1.85), hyperthyroidism (3 studies: HR 1.15, 95%CI 1.06-1.26), and psoriasis (2 studies: HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.10-1.56) were associated with ADHD.

Conclusions
Maternal ADs were associated with increased ADHD among offspring, suggesting shared underlying genetic vulnerability or a role for maternal immune activation in fetal neurodevelopment. Future studies are required to understand causal mechanisms and identify interventions.

Key messages
Maternal ADs are associated with increased ADHD among offspring.
83Replacing sedentary time with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with decreased serum SPARC in men
Authors: Nishida Yuichiro , Hara Megumi , Higaki Yasuki , Taguchi Naoto , Nakamura Kazuyo , Nanri Hinako , Imaizumi Takeshi , Sakamoto Tatsuhiko , Shimanoe Chisato , Horita Mikako , Shinchi Koichi , Tanaka Keitaro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) may play a role in the prevention of colon cancer through exercise, while SPARC is considered as a promoter of insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of replacing sedentary time with either light-intensity PA (LPA) or moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) on serum SPARC in a general population.

Methods
The study subjects were 4000 men and 6040 women (40 to 69 years) who participated in baseline surveys of a population-based cohort study. Sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA were objectively measured by an accelerometer. The serum SPARC concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using an isotemporal substitution model, cross-sectional associations of replacing sedentary time with either LPA or MVPA on serum SPARC levels were analyzed according to sex. Adjustment was made for potential confounding factors.

Results
In men, replacing 60 min of sedentary time with 60 min of MVPA was associated with 23 ng/mL (confidence interval -43, -2) lower serum SPARC levels even after adjusting for confounders, including the BMI (P = 0.028), while no such association was observed for LPA. Furthermore, no such significant replacement effects were observed in women.

Conclusions
The current study showed that replacing sedentary time with MVPA results in reduced serum SPARC concentrations in men.

Key messages
Effect of habitual PA to decrease circulating SPARC is PA intensity-specific.
597Factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged from five years in Ngoma district-Rwanda, 2019
Authors: Niyoyita Jean Claude 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Malaria is a public health problem mostly in African region. More malaria studies have been investigated for under five children while little information is known for persons aged five and above. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged from five years in Ngoma district.

Method
Cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2018. Systematic sampling method was used for participant’s selection. Data collection questionnaires were completed after informed or assent forms were signed by the participants. Thick blood smears were collected and tested for malaria parasites by laboratory personnel. Data entry was done through Microsoft Excel while STATA Version 13.0 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was computed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables at 95%CI, p &lt; 0.05.

Results
Overall, 420 febrile patients aged from five years were recruited and 257(61.2%) were confirmed malaria positive. Malaria microscopic positive results were significantly associated with being Male (aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.01-2.46) and living in Mutenderi Sector (aOR=7, 95%CI:1.2-40.92) compared to living elsewhere in Ngoma district. However in reference to 5-14 years age group, being in the age group of 15-24 years (aOR= 0.34, 95%CI:0.12-0.94) and ≥35 years (aOR=0.29, 95%CI:0.11-0.79) were more likely protected from the infection.

Conclusion
Malaria parasitaemia was found high in febrile patients aged five and above in the study area thus its prevention and control measures should be taken into consideration in this aged group as well. Moreover, particular attention is needed to male, Mutenderi residents and those in the 5-14 age group as they are more likely to get the malaria infection.

Key messages
Malaria, aged from five ,febrile patients
1502The elderly in Cameroon: between daily misery and hope
Authors: Nkwescheu Armand Seraphin , ZOA Alain Thierry OVONO , Tanue Elvis Asangbeng , Kobela Marie , Biyaga Paul Theodore Tjek , Bachire Hassan Ben , Emah Irene CharlotteYakana Ndjouma , Ngalame Alphonse 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The world population is growing older. The WHO has declared the ongoing decade (2020- 2030) as one of healthy ageing. Cameroon counts about 25 million people, among whom 3.5% are aged 60 years and above (elderly). However, the increasing number of aged population faces many difficulties that undermine their health and wellbeing. The survey aimed at exploring the baseline situation of the older people in Cameroon by giving a voice to the elderly, their care-givers and stakeholders.

Methods
We conducted in December 2019, a mixed method study on the care to the older people in Cameroon. Focus group discussions among the elderly within 5 regions; coupled with in-depth interviews of key informants among stakeholders.

Results
It emerges that the elderly Cameroonian, whether in rural or urban areas, lives in conditions close to poverty, but continues despite many odds to hope for a better tomorrow in terms of care. Respondents highlighted a need for financial autonomy among many other needs. Their caregivers report lack of means of action singled out for a better implementation of the care strategies. Efforts are currently being done by the authorities, partners to development and civil society to curtail the challenges.

Conclusions
The elderly in Cameroon are not yet at the centre of public health policies. Nevertheless more should be implemented as older people are unsatisfied with their present living conditions.

Key messages
The elderly have numerous unmet health, financial and social needs with those residing in rural communities posing with even higher demands.
1146Assessing the uncertainty around age-mixing patterns in HIV transmission inferred from phylogenetic trees
Authors: Nyasulu Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Understand age-mixing patterns in HIV transmission is a key to design and implement HIV prevention interventions. As such, the use of phylogenetic tree seems promising since this approach is based on data from a transmission network.

Methods
Through a simulation study, we used transmission clusters computed from phylogenetic trees to investigate age-mixing patterns. From transmission clusters, we estimated a transmission network using pairings. We inferred measurements, which depict age-mixing patterns in transmission i.e. ‘proportions of men/women of a certain age-group paired with women/men of another age-group’, and mean, median, and standard deviation of average age difference between women/men with their respective pairs. We investigated the uncertainty around these measurements as a function of sampling coverage in different sequence missingness scenarios.

Results
According to the simulation set-up of age mixing in partnership, there are relationships, which are less likely and others highly likely. Explicitly, partnerships between younger men (&lt;25 years) and older women (25 to 50 years) are less likely to happen in the sexual network, whereas partnership between younger women (&lt;25 years) and older men (25 to 50 years) are more likely to happen as are age group relationship having intermediate magnitude in partnership.

Conclusion
Transmission clusters allow us to strive with more improved information regarding cross-generation transmission. It enables us to understand the importance of age mixing beyond describing the mean age difference, and that one needs to consider the variation of age differences between pairs of individuals as well as among the partners of a given individual.
426Awareness and Response to Intimate Partner Violence in WLWHA and HIV negative women in Umuahia
Authors: Odini Franklin , Emma-Ukaegbu Uloaku , Nwamoh Uche 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against adult and adolescent women by a current or former male partner. IPV is the commonest form of violence against women and one of the most pervasive human rights abuses against women. The UN reported that 1 in 3 women had experienced physical/sexual violence at some point in their lives and 2 in 3 victims of intimate partner homicide are women.
This study is aimed at determining the level of awareness and responses to abuse by WLWHA and HIV negative women in Umuahia, Nigeria.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study involving 200 WLWHA and 200 HIV negative women in Umuahia using systematic random sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was deployed for data collection. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS.

Results
The age range of WLWHA respondents was 23-70 years while that of HIV negative women was 18-70 years. Awareness on IPV was higher amongst HIV negative women (77%) compared to WLWHA respondents (52.5%). Among those who suffered any form of IPV, majority of the WLWHA (46.1%) and HIV negative women (58.9%) did nothing while the least common response was separating permanently (3.5% as against 6.8%).

Conclusion
The awareness and response to IPV especially amongst WLWHA is sub-optimal. Mass awareness campaigns amongst all women are advocated for to help combat this problem.

Keywords
Intimate Partner Violence, Awareness, Response.
430Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence amongst WLWHA and HIV negative women in Umuahia
Authors: Odini Franklin , Emma-Ukaegbu Uloaku , Nwamoh Uche 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against adult and adolescent women by a current or former male partner. IPV is the commonest form of violence against women and one of the most pervasive human rights abuses against women. The UN reported that 1 in 3 women had experienced physical/sexual violence at some point in their lives and 2 in 3 victims of intimate partner homicide are women.
This study is aimed at determining the predictors of IPV amongst WLWHA and HIV negative women in Umuahia, Nigeria.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study involving 200 WLWHA and 200 HIV negative women in Umuahia using systematic random sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was deployed for data collection. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS.

Results
Predictors of IPV amongst WLWHA included partner involvement in concurrent relationship and having childhood exposure to domestic violence while those amongst HIV negative women included coerced first sex, woman earning more than her partner, partner frequent use of alcohol and partner use of either or both cigarette and marijuana.

Conclusion
Predictors of IPV differed amongst both groups of women. Primary prevention interventions aimed at prevention and reduction should be instituted especially amongst WLWHA. Health care settings should be equipped to ensure a comprehensive response whenever IPV is detected.

Keywords
Intimate Partner Violence, Predictors, WLWHA.
33Visual acuity and knowledge of road safety measures among commercial motorcyclist in Nigeria’s metropolitan city
Authors: Ogunkeyede Omoseye , Osungabade Kayode , Ogunkeyede Ayodele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Motorcycle crash is the second most common cause of road traffic injuries in Nigeria. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of visual disorder and the knowledge of road safety measures of commercial motorcyclist.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among motorcyclists in all five motorcycle parks in Ibadan. A total of 439 motorcyclists were interviewed through a simple random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results
Age of the respondents was 34.4±7.8 years. Majority were males and 15.2% (n = 67) had tertiary education. Half of respondents 228 (51.9) had good knowledge of road safety measures. Only 26 (5.9%) had ever had their vision screened before. Majority of respondents 380 (86.6%) had good right vision (visual acuity ≥6/9). Respondent with tertiary education were significantly more likely to have good knowledge of road safety measures (p = &lt;0.001). Respondent who had ever been involved in road crash were significantly more likely to have poor vision (p = 0.028). Motorcyclists who had complete training on motorcycle riding were three times more likely to have good knowledge of safety measures (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.6-5.0).

Conclusions
Commercial motorcyclist’s good vision, education and training contributed to good knowledge of road safety measures. There is therefore the need to encourage proper medical examination before issuance of driver’s license, conduct training and create stringent laws to guide road safety.

Key messages
Commercial motorcyclists, knowledge, Road safety measure, Visual acuity
365Disease burden of mumps in Japan: descriptive epidemiology based on the health insurance reimbursement database
Authors: Ohfuji Satoko , Takagi Akira , Nakano Takashi , Kumihashi Hideaki , Kano Munehide , Tanaka Toshihiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In Japan, mumps vaccination coverage is low, since it is a voluntary vaccination. In this situation, the number of mumps cases as reported by pediatric sentinel hospitals suggests the occurrence of periodical mumps outbreaks.

Methods
To examine the annual incidences of mumps and mumps-related complications, we analyzed data from the health insurance reimbursement database for subscribers aged 0-64 years between 2005 and 2017. Cases with mumps and mumps-related complications including meningitis, orchitis, deafness, were extracted according to ICD-10 codes entered into the disease section for health insurance reimbursement.

Results
During the 13 year period, 68,307 of 5,209,660 subjects were reimbursed for mumps, with an incidence of 325 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 323-328). Among the 68,307 mumps cases, 787 were reimbursed for mumps-related complications, with an incidence of 11.5 per 1,000 mumps cases (95% CI: 10.7-12.4). Incidence of mumps-related complications (per 1,000 mumps cases) was highest for orchitis (6.6), followed by meningitis (5.8), deafness (1.3), pancreatitis (0.5), and encephalitis (0.3). Mumps incidence was highest among children aged 0-5 years, while incidence of mumps-related complications was highest among adults aged 26-35 years.

Conclusions
In Japan, the disease burden of mumps remains high among adults, as well as children.

Key messages
To reduce the disease burden of mumps among all ages in Japan, immunization in childhood is required. A national immunization program for children would result in high vaccination coverage and lower disease burden.
344Impact of a disease surveillance training program on knowledge of health workers in South-western Nigeria
Authors: Oladoyin Victoria , Osifo Joy , Temitayo-Oboh Abiola , Fatiregun Ayoola , Isere Elvis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Poor knowledge of frontline health workers on integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) is a cause of poor surveillance reporting performance in Nigeria. To improve the knowledge of frontline health workers, they are trained annually, together with the surveillance focal persons, on IDSR. This study determined the immediate impact of one of such trainings on IDSR knowledge of the trainees.

Methods
A quasi experimental study, involving a pre- and post-test questionnaire survey, was conducted among 205 surveillance training participants in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% statistical level of significance.

Results
Mean age was 39.4 ± 9.1 years, 77.6% were females and 51.7% were clinicians. Although most (89.3%) were aware of IDSR, only 48.3 % and 43.9% had been involved in IDSR implementation and training respectively. Overall, the mean pre-test IDSR knowledge score was 12.43. This increased significantly to 18.63 in the post-test (p &lt; 0.001). Sex (p = 0.003) and previous involvement in IDSR implementation (p = 0.043) were associated with improved knowledge score. Females were significantly more likely to have an improved knowledge score [β = 1.876 (CI: 0.305-3.447)].

Conclusions
IDSR trainings has the capacity to improve surveillance knowledge in the short-term with a possible resultant improvement in disease prevention and control in the long-term.

Key messages
Training on IDSR should be conducted regularly for all health care workers and special attention should be given to male health workers.
228Relationship of pesticide exposure with kidney function in NHANES: lessons from low level chronic exposure
Authors: Osborne Nicholas , Reid Simon , Karatela Shamshad , Assefa Yibeltal , Wan En-Tzu Grace 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to many health outcomes. More recently, chronic kidney disease not related to diabetes or hypertension (CKDu) has been postulated to be related to rural occupational exposures in agricultural workers in several Low to Middle Income Country (LMIC) regions such as Mesoamerica and the Subcontinent. Our study wished to examine the relationship between pesticide exposure and kidney function.

Methods
We used the resources of pooled population from NHANES 2001-2004, 2007-2010 (n = 29,053). We examined pesticide exposure (logged, continuous) with kidney function as measured by glomerular filtration rate (derived from urinary creatinine) with and without presence of hypertension and diabetes. Logistic regression was adjusted for a range of cofactors such as age, sex, SES, tobacco, and heavy metals. Cadmium was used as a positive control.

Results
Pesticides 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos, malathion and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (the major metabolite of deltamethrin) were associated with the increasing risk of kidney dysfunction (not with hypertension or diabetes) after adjusting for a range of known risk factors (OR 1.80 (1.47-2.21); 2.16 (1.57-2.98); 1.20 (0.94-1.54) and 1.40 (1.19-1.64), respectively). Cd was not associated with kidney dysfunction (OR 0.99 (0.81-1.21)), or acephate (OR 0.43 (0.13-1.48)).

Conclusions
Chronic or acute pesticide exposure may increase the risk of kidney dysfunction, which is not related to hypertension or diabetes in particular. It may have a different pathological pathway from heavy metal exposures and CKD. This has repercussions for interventions in LMIC agricultural practices.

Key messages
Pesticides are associated with kidney dysfunction not related to hypertension and diabetes.
726Examining mediation effect of comprehensive knowledge on people’s attitudes towards HIV-infected people in India
Authors: Pandey Arvind , Khatri Robin , Sharma Dhananjay , Kansal Anshum , Singh Niraj Kumar , Narayan Padum 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Improvement in people’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS and reduction in stigma and discrimination have been key factors in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The objective of the present paper is to examine the mediation effect of comprehensive knowledge on people’s attitudes towards HIV positives in India.

Methods
Data for the study have been drawn from nationally representative India’s National Family Health Survey, 2015-16. Statistical methods of data analysis included odds ratio and logistic regression models.

Results
Two in every five men and of women with comprehensive knowledge held a positive attitude towards PLHIVs. The people in rural areas and females against their counterparts are less likely (OR: 0.85, p &lt; 0.05) to have positive attitude. The mediation by comprehensive knowledge, contributed to 46% of direct effect from gender perspective on comprehensive positive attitude. Among males, aged group 25-44 and among females age &lt;25 had most positive attitude towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) as compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions
There existed a difference between males and females in attaining comprehensive knowledge and having comprehensive positive attitude. The mediation by comprehensive knowledge contributed, though partially, direct effects from gender perspective on comprehensive positive attitude. The findings are programmatically relevant to device content analysis of the material in the information, education and communication strategies.

Key messages
The mediation effect of comprehensive knowledge on people’s attitudes towards HIV positives has been substantial in India.