bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iranian communities e-business challenges and value proposition design
Authors: Emami Amir , Farshad Bakhshayesh Elahe , Rexhepi Gadaf 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to identify and examine the internal and external factors that e-business communities in Iran grapple with within value proposition design.

Design/methodology/approach
Although the world and global economy have been vastly affected by the financial crisis and the competitive market, most businesses and trade lines are growing significantly by the power of online marketing and e-trades. However, this process is somehow different in the Iranian market. Using literature review and combining it with the casual-comparative method, this study first reviews the literature on the business model and value proposition design and then shows the main challenges Iranian entrepreneurs face in starting their e-business, especially at the time of severe economic, political sanction.

Findings
This paper attests to two categories of external and internal obstacles to entrepreneurs in the country. Some internal challenges point to obstacles and problems such as poor infrastructure in technology and network equipment, the security of personal data exchanges, improper infrastructure, including the speed of the internet and its bandwidth limit and lack of programming expertise. In the case of external barriers, this paper addresses the economic sanctions and restrictions that have been imposed on internet businesses.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors intend to identify the challenges of internet businesses in Iran and provide effective solutions for creating new value propositions resulting in rapid and sustainable economic growth.
Claims in construction projects: how causes are linked to effects?
Authors: Kikwasi Geraldine John 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Claims are increasingly becoming a norm in construction projects and thus an area that is attracting interventions through researches. This paper aims to establish causes–effects relationship of claims in construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach
This is correlation study type of study that attempts to establish causes–effects relationship of claims in construction projects. Significant causes and effects of construction claims were determined using one-sample t-test. To establish the relationship, the significant causes and effects of construction claims were correlated using bivariate correlation analysis.

Findings
Among the significant causes, variations, change of scope of the project and delay in completion of works have high level of significant positive relationship with five to six other causes and positive relationship with multiple effects ranging from five to six. Besides, among significant effects, delay in completion and delivering of construction projects, poor contractual relationship among parties and extension of time have significant positive relationship with multiple causes.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study are limited to causes-causes relationship and causes–effects relationship of claims in construction projects. This means effects–effects relationship was not covered that could be an important area to investigate as some of causes and effects are at times termed interchangeably.

Practical implications
With reference to previous studies which have focused on determining the causes and effects of construction claims, the findings of the current study have specific contribution on claims management as it divulges the causes of constructions claims that have multiplier effects to the project as a result of their linkage.

Originality/value
The paper unveils causes of claims with multiplier effects to construction projects for project participants to devise strategies to minimize and consequently eliminate them.
Disclaimer language in US banks’ audit committee reports: determinants and consequences
Authors: Naaman Christine , Naaman Karen , Sahyoun Najib 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the determinants and consequences of using disclaimer language in the banks’ audit committee (AC) reports. This study aims to analyze the factors tempting AC members of banks to disclose disclaimer language in the AC reports and the effect of such language on the cost of equity.

Design/methodology/approach
The data cover the period from 2006 to 2015 and considers the top US bank holding companies. Voluntary disclosure in the AC report is manually coded by using a scoring grid. Multivariate regression analysis is mainly used in the study.

Findings
The findings suggest that the ACs are using the disclaimer language to protect themselves when disclosing a high level of voluntary information that describes their oversight activities or to reduce their liability exposure due to lower financial reporting quality. The findings also reveal that investors are requiring a higher return on their investments whenever ACs use disclaimer language in their reports.

Originality/value
The AC report provides useful information to shareholders who evaluate the AC’s performance and accordingly vote for or against AC members on annual basis. The paper sheds lights on the motives and consequences of disclaimer language in the ACs report. Thus, the study benefits shareholders by providing empirical evidence in regard to the usage of disclaimer language. Also, the findings benefit industry, corporate governance organizations, standard setters and regulators that analyze AC disclosures and issue recommendations or new standards for improving those disclosures.
The threshold of sweet taste recognition among a sample of Moroccan population
Authors: Guennoun Yasmine , Benajiba Nada , Elkari Khalid , Bouziani Amina , Elammari Laila , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Elhaloui Noureddine , Barkat Amina , Benkirane Hasnae , Aguenaou Hassan 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSugar consumption in Morocco is high, which is involved in triggering serious health conditions. Hence, assessing the recognition threshold of sweet taste among Moroccans is strongly needed. This study aims to determine the threshold of sweet taste recognition and to evaluate differences by sex, age and body mass index among a sample of Moroccan population.Design/methodology/approachThis single-blind trial was conducted among 199 healthy participants to determine the sweet taste. Age and anthropometric characteristics were registered. Nine sucrose solutions of the following concentrations (0; 0.111; 0.333; 1; 3; 9; 27; 81; 243 mmol/L) were prepared. Sweet taste perception thresholds were determined based on the validated 3-alternative forced choice test method.FindingsThe average age of the sample population was 21.5 ± 26.1. And more than half (51.7%) detected the taste at the concentration of 9 mmol/L, while 91.9% recognized it at a concentration of 27 mmol/L. In terms of sex, the recognition of taste was not different between females and males (p > 0.05). The mean values of the threshold among women were significantly lower (20 ± 20.8 mmol/L) compared to men (23.9 ± 33.2 mmol/L). The age group 49–59 years old had the lowest threshold with a mean of 13.4 ± 10.2 mmol/L, and the groups with BMI in the overweight category had mean of 16.9 ± 18.2 mmol/L. However, no statistical difference was observed among either age groups or BMI categories.Originality/valueThe sweet recognition threshold among the studied population is high. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to educate the population about the necessity of a progressive reduction of sugar in food items to combat non-communicable disorders.
Design and implementation of the movement gauge for rail clearance based on combination measurement method
Authors: Xu Jingbo , Xu Xiaohong , Cui Xiaomeng , Zhang Fujun , Li Qiaowei , Wang Weidong , Jiang Yuhang 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
As the infrastructure of the railway, the rail could sink or deform to different degrees due to the impact of train operation or the geological changing force for years, which will lead to the possibility that the facilities on both sides of the rail invade the rail clearance and bring hidden dangers to the safe operation of the train. The purpose of this paper is to design the gauge to measure the clearance parameters of rail.

Design/methodology/approach
Aiming at the problem, the gauge for clearance measurement was designed based on a combination measurement method in this paper. It consists of the measurement box and the rail measurement vehicle, which integrates a laser displacement sensor, inclination sensor, gauge sensor and mileage sensor. The measurement box was placed outside the rail vehicle. Through the design of a hardware circuit and software system, the movement measurement of the clearance parameters was realized.

Findings
In this paper, the measurement equations of horizontal distance and vertical height were established, the optimal solutions of the structural parameters in the equations were obtained by Levenberg–Marquardt method, then the parameter calibration problem was also solved.

Originality/value
The gauge has high precision; its measurement uncertainty reaches 1.27 mm. The gauge has manual and automatic working modes, which are convenient to operate and have practical popularization value.
The lived experience of patients suffering from stroke and their perception of palliative care needs: a literature review
Authors: Halabi Marwa , Khalaf Inaam , Bani Hani Salam 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to review the lived experience of patients suffering from stroke and describe their perception of palliative care needs.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review search was conducted. Web of Sciences, SAGE, CINAHL, PubMed and Jordanian Database for Nursing Research databases were used to search the literature.

Findings
The findings of 37 articles were address palliative care approaches for patients with stroke, lived experiences of patients suffering from stroke and the experience, barriers and facilitators related to health-care service for stroke survivors.

Originality/value
This review indicated the importance of recognizing palliative care needs among patients suffering from stroke to improve post-stroke recovery. This study recommends further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to understand patients’ experiences and recognize the main palliative care needs that can be incorporated into interventions designed to improve the quality of life among them.
Differences in the sequence of PlcR transcriptional regulator–binding site affect sphingomyelinase production in Bacillus cereus
Authors: Yokotani Atsushi , Takahashi Fumi , Aoyama Ryoko , Kamoshida Go , Kosaka Tadashi , Nakanishi Masaki , Fujita Naohisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes severe infections such as bacteremia, with sphingomyelinase (SMase) being a crucial virulence factor. Although many strains of B. cereus carry the SMase gene, they are classified as SMase‐producing and nonproducing strains. The reason for different SMase production among B. cereus strains remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between SMase and the PlcR transcriptional regulation system to clarify the mechanism leading to varied SMase production among B. cereus strains. We analyzed the sequence of the PlcR box, which is a transcriptional regulator‐binding site, located at the promoter region of SMase and phosphatidylcholine‐specific phospholipase C. Based on differences in the PlcR box sequences, we classified the B. cereus strains into three groups (I, II, and III). SMase expression and activity were hardly detected in Group III strains. In Group I strains, SMase activity and its expression were maximal at the onset of the stationary phase and decreased during the stationary phase, whereas those were maintained during the stationary phase in Group II stains. On injection of B. cereus strains into mice or incubation with macrophages for phagocytosis assay, the SMase‐producing Group I and II strains showed higher pathogenicity than Group III strains. These findings suggest that PlcR box sequence in B. cereus affects the production of SMase, which may provide important clinical information for the detection of highly pathogenic B. cereus strains.
Age‐specific outcomes from the first round of HPV screening in unvaccinated women: Observational study from the English cervical screening pilot
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Mathews Christopher S. , Pesola Francesca , Cuschieri Kate , Denton Karin , Kitchener Henry ,   the HPV Pilot Steering Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report detailed age‐specific outcomes from the first round of an English pilot studying the implementation of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing in primary cervical screening.DesignObservational study with screening in 2013–2016, followed by two early recalls and/or colposcopy until the end of 2019.SettingSix NHS laboratory sites.PopulationA total of 1 341 584 women undergoing screening with HR‐HPV testing or liquid‐based cytology (LBC).MethodsEarly recall tests and colposcopies were recommended, depending on the nature of the screening‐detected abnormality.Main outcome measuresWe reported standard screening process indicators, e.g. proportions with an abnormality, including high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) or cancer, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of colposcopy for CIN2+, by screening test and age group.ResultsAmong unvaccinated women screened with HR‐HPV testing at age 24–29 years, 26.9% had a positive test and 10.4% were directly referred to colposcopy following cytology triage, with a PPV for CIN2+ of 47%. At 50–64 years of age, these proportions were much lower: 5.3%, 1.2% and 27%, respectively. The proportions of women testing positive for HR‐HPV without cytological abnormalities, whose early recall HR‐HPV tests returned negative results, were similar across the age spans: 54% at 24–29 years and 55% at 50–64 years. Two‐thirds of infections at any age were linked to non‐16/18 genotypes. Among women with CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer, however, the proportion of non‐16/18 infections increased with age. As expected, the detection of abnormalities was lower following screening with LBC.ConclusionsThese data provide a reliable reference for future epidemiological studies, including those concerning the effectiveness of HPV vaccination.Tweetable abstractData from the English pilot study provide a comprehensive overview of abnormalities detected through HPV screening.
Ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity ratio distinguishes pre‐eclampsia from chronic and gestational hypertension: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lau Katherine G. Y. , Wright Allan , Kountouris Emmanouil , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Kametas Nikos A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity ratio (OA PSV‐ratio) is higher in women with pre‐eclampsia compared with gestational hypertension (GH) and chronic hypertension (CH), after controlling for confounding variables.DesignProspective cohort.SettingSpecialist hypertension clinic in a tertiary referral centre.PopulationSingleton pregnancies presenting between 32+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation with pre‐eclampsia (n = 50), GH (n = 54) and CH (n = 56).MethodsPaired measurements of maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and OA PSV‐ratio were performed by trained sonographers. Multiple linear regression was fitted to the OA PSV‐ratio, including maternal characteristics and medical history, GH, pre‐eclampsia and MAP and use of antihypertensive medication.Main Outcome MeasureWhether pre‐eclampsia is independently associated with higher OA PSV‐ratio.ResultsMAP was significantly higher in both GH (p = 0.0015) and pre‐eclampsia (p = 0.008) than in CH pregnancies. There was no significant difference between pre‐eclampsia and GH (0.670). The OA PSV‐ratio was significantly higher in pre‐eclampsia than CH (p = 0.0008) and GH (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference between the OA PSV‐ratio in CH and GH (p = 0.352). Multiple linear regression modelling showed that the OA PSV‐ratio was influenced by maternal weight (p = 0.005), maternal age (p = 0.014), antihypertensive medications (p = 0.007) and MAP (p < 0.0001). After controlling for these variables, the OA PSV‐ratio was still significantly higher in those with pre‐eclampsia (p = 0.0002).ConclusionsThe OA PSV‐ratio is influenced by maternal weight, age, antihypertensive medications and MAP. Pre‐eclampsia is an independent predictor of OA PSV‐ratio, which therefore may be a useful point‐of‐care test when assessing women presenting with hypertension.
Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury among women who birth vaginally after a prior caesarean section: A state‐wide cohort study
Authors: Uebergang Jessica , Hiscock Richard , Hastie Roxanne , Middleton Anna , Pritchard Natasha , Walker Susan , Tong Stephen , Lindquist Anthea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveVaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury (compared with primiparous women who birth vaginally). However, prior studies have been small or have used outdated methodology. We set out to validate whether the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury among women having their first VBAC is greater than that among primiparous women having a vaginal birth.DesignState‐wide retrospective cohort study.SettingVictoria, Australia.PopulationAll births (455 000) between 2009 and 2014.MethodsThe risk of severe perineal injury between the first vaginal birth and the first VBAC was compared, after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Covariates were examined using logistic regression for categorical data and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for continuous data. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation; the analysis was performed using regression adjustment and stata 16 multiple imputation and suite of effects commands.ResultsWomen having a VBAC (n = 5429) were significantly more likely than primiparous women (n = 123 353) to sustain a third‐ or fourth‐degree tear during vaginal birth (7.1 versus 5.7%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for mode of birth, body mass index, maternal age, infant birthweight, episiotomy and epidural, there was a 21% increased risk of severe perineal injury (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.38).ConclusionsWomen having their first VBAC have a significantly increased risk of sustaining a third‐ or fourth‐degree tear, compared with primiparous women having a vaginal birth. Patient counselling and professional guidelines should reflect this increased risk.
The Economic Consequences of Financial Audit Regulation in the Charitable Sector
Authors: DUGUAY RAPHAEL 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTI provide evidence on the effects of financial audit mandates in the charitable sector, in particular their influence on donor behavior. My empirical strategy relies on variation in size‐based exemption thresholds across states and differences in size driven by the nature of charities’ activities. Consistent with audit mandates reducing donors’ reliance on charity reputation, I find audit mandates are associated with a lower concentration of donations on the largest, most well‐known charities. I show this reallocation of resources allows the charitable sector to serve more diverse geographic areas and social needs. In terms of the effect on willingness to give, I document that audit mandates are associated with a higher proportion of taxpayers who donate. However, I only observe a sizable impact on total contributions in dollars for charities with high inherent information asymmetry. Collectively, these results suggest financial audit regulation reduces information frictions and thereby affects resource allocation in the market for charitable giving.
Current state of prostate‐specific membrane antigen PET/CT imaging–targeted biopsy techniques for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Ma Le , Zhang Wan‐Chun , Hao Ya‐Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is the focus of clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The current standard for diagnosing csPCa in men at risk relies on a transrectal (and in some instances transperineal) ultrasound‐guided biopsy (TRUS‐GB) that is blind to the location of cancer, leading to false‐negative csPCa diagnoses. Over the past decade, PSMA PET/CT imaging–targeted prostate biopsy (PSMA PET/CT‐TB), which obtains tissue samples from a defined suspicious area, has emerged as a promising solution for improving csPCa detection. Its feasibility and higher csPCa diagnostic value have been reported by a few case reports and studies. The current manuscript will review this latest targeted prostate puncture technology, summarize the existing applications of PSMA PET/CT‐TB, including technical considerations, and discuss the advantages and challenges of each technique.
Neoadjuvant PD‐1 inhibitor combines with chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Feng Yuan , Sun Wei , Zhang Jie , Wang Yang , Chen Jinfeng , Liu Xinying , Wang Liang , Li Shaolei , Lv Chao , Lu Fangliang , Zhang Jianzhi , Hong Yang , Xiao Shanshan , Wang Tao , Jiao Raymond , Wang Ziping , Qi Liping , Li Nan , Yang Yue , Lin Dongmei , Fang Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundA single‐agent of anti programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1) therapy has been explored for resectable lung cancer before surgery. However, the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) blockade combined with chemotherapy have not been published.MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with potentially resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery in Beijing Cancer Hospital were included in this study. Eight patients received two cycles of neoadjuvant platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy combined with anti‐programmed cell death 1 (anti‐PD‐1) therapy, while 13 patients received two cycles of neoadjuvant platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy only. Chest computed tomography was repeated before neoadjuvant treatment and surgery. Adverse events were monitored. The major pathological response (MPR) rate was determined after surgery. Selected specimens were sent for immunohistochemical and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses, and T‐cell receptor DNA sequencing.ResultsCompared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, the combination of PD‐1 blockade and chemotherapy increased the pathological complete response rate (37.5% vs. 7.69%) and MPR rate (50% vs. 38.46%). The pathological and radiological evaluations are not consistent. No unknown adverse effects were reported for all the patients. More tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were observed in patients who received PD‐1 blockade. No unknown pathological features associated with PD‐1 blockade were found. Immune suppression in the peritumoral spaces around the residual tumor cells was observed. The amino acid sequences of the T‐cell receptors are not significantly shared among the patients.ConclusionsThe combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and PD‐1 blockade is safe and feasible, and might indicate an increased MPR and pathological complete response rate. More investigations are needed for the best combination of the neoadjuvant therapy.