bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of claims‐based algorithms to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children
Authors: Straub Loreen , Bateman Brian T. , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , York Cassandra , Zhu Yanmin , Suarez Elizabeth A. , Lester Barry , Gonzalez Lyndon , Hanson Ryan , Hildebrandt Clara , Homsi Joseph , Kang Daniel , Lee Ken W. K. , Lee Zachary , Li Linda , Longacre Mckenna , Shah Nidhi , Tukan Natalie , Wallace Frances , Williams Christina , Zerriny Salim , Mogun Helen , Huybrechts Krista F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo validate healthcare claim‐based algorithms for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children using medical records as the reference.MethodsUsing a clinical data warehouse of patients receiving outpatient or inpatient care at two hospitals in Boston, we identified children (≤14 years between 2010 and 2014) with at least one of the following NDDs according to claims‐based algorithms: autism spectrum disorder/pervasive developmental disorder (ASD), attention deficit disorder/other hyperkinetic syndromes of childhood (ADHD), learning disability, speech/language disorder, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual disability, and behavioral disorder. Fifty cases per outcome were randomly sampled and their medical records were independently reviewed by two physicians to adjudicate the outcome presence. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsPPVs were 94% (95% CI, 83%–99%) for ASD, 88% (76%–95%) for ADHD, 98% (89%–100%) for learning disability, 98% (89%–100%) for speech/language disorder, 82% (69%–91%) for intellectual disability, and 92% (81%–98%) for behavioral disorder. A total of 19 of the 50 algorithm‐based cases of DCD were confirmed as severe coordination disorders with functional impairment, with a PPV of 38% (25%–53%). Among the 31 false‐positive cases of DCD were 7 children with coordination deficits that did not persist throughout childhood, 7 with visual‐motor integration deficits, 12 with coordination issues due to an underlying medical condition and 5 with ADHD and at least one other severe NDD.ConclusionsPPVs were generally high (range: 82%–98%), suggesting that claims‐based algorithms can be used to study NDDs. For DCD, additional criteria are needed to improve the classification of true cases.
A study of rheological properties of cellulose diacetate in acetone solution at low and high shear rates
Authors: Su Riting , Yu Xing , Yang Zhanping , Huang Haijian , Liang Yinchun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rheological properties of cellulose diacetate (CDA) with different intrinsic viscosity (IV) and different concentration in acetone solutions were studied at low and high shear rates. The zero‐shear viscosity increased and the structural index increased, when the IV of CDA was increased or the acetone solution concentration was increased. Evidence suggested that a sulfate structure may be forming. It is shown that the increase of hemicellulose and sulfur content is associated with an increase of chain entanglements between CDA molecules and the abnormal increase of solution zero‐shear viscosity. At a high shear rate, the correlation curve between inlet pressure drop and solution concentration obtained by Bagley method analysis shows an inflection point, which appears to be the critical concentration at which the cellulose diacetate molecular chains in the solution form a long range entangled elastic network. After the concentration exceeds a certain range of above critical points, the entanglement of the molecular chains in the solution is significantly enhanced. The zero shear viscosity inflection point concentration calculated by the rheological curve with low shear velocity and the inlet pressure drop inflection point concentration calculated by the capillary rheological calculation have good consistency.
Wet leakage resistance development of modules with various backsheet types
Authors: Buerhop Claudia , Stroyuk Oleksandr , Zöcklein Julian , Pickel Tobias , Hauch Jens , Peters Ian Marius 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last years, a significant number of inverter shutdowns most likely due to degraded backsheets have been reported by operators, investors, and manufacturers. We investigated water ingress into different backsheets, and the resulting risk for inverter shutdowns. For studying pending insulation issues of inverters, we analyzed exemplarily a 5‐MWp photovoltaic (PV) power station with 20,530 PV modules and 314 inverters. For backsheet identification on‐site near‐infrared absorption spectroscopic measurements of 518 PV modules from 20 inverters were carried out. In the lab, wet leakage tests provide kinetic data of insulation resistances for different backsheet materials. Historic ground impedance data logged by the inverter were evaluated to show the temporal evolution of inverters with different backsheets. We observe different kinetics and drops in leakage resistance for different backsheet types based on polyamide (PA) and air‐side fluorinated coating (FC), and distinguish between two types of behavior. “PA‐like” is characterized by moderate leakage resistance loss and slower performance reduction with regard to insulation in the field. “FC‐like” is characterized by high susceptibility to water and a high leakage resistance loss rate for PV modules after 6–8 years of operation. These characteristics are indicated when measuring inverter GI in dependence of temperature and humidity. For PA‐based BSs, the reduction in ground impedance (GI) is steady over 8 years. We observe incidences with GI below the critical value of 400 kΩ on 2.8% of all days. For FC‐based BSs, we also observe steady decrease of average GI initially, yet after 6 years in the field, we see a sudden and rapid decline for 20% of those inverters. GI falling below the critical value is observed on up to 5% of all days, with the trend increasing. Therefore we, expect this problem to become even more severe for longer operating times.
The association between teacher‐student relationship and academic achievement: The moderating effect of parental involvement
Authors: Ma Lihong , Liu Jian , Li Banban 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an important part of adolescents' social capital, teacher‐student relationship (TSR) and parental involvement (PI) are important for student learning. However, we know little about how PI works with TSR in relation to adolescents' learning outcomes. The present study aimed to examine the association between TSR and adolescents' learning outcomes in China, as well as testing the potential moderating role of PI. Participants were 332 fourth graders and 321 eleventh graders from Shandong province, China. Student‐perceived TSR and home‐based PI, and curriculum‐based measures of academic achievement were collected in October 2019. The major findings of the study included: (1) TSR and students' academic performance positively correlate with each other; (2) PI moderates the relationship between TSR and students' academic performance; (3) High PI in primary school reduces the impacts of lower TSR on student performance; (4) High PI in secondary school has no compensating effect on low TSR, but it still reduces the influence of TSR on academic performance. The present research verifies and extends the association between TSR and academic achievement to parental factors, and holds substantive theoretical and practical implications for teacher education and family education research.
Registration of the Coda/Brundage wheat recombinant inbred line mapping population
Authors: Zemetra Robert S. , Phipps Savannah N. , Koehler Thomas , Burke Adrienne B. , Carter Arron H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA mapping population (Reg. no. MP‐15, NSL 540708 MAP) composed of a cross between the soft white common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) ‘Brundage’ (PI 599193) and the soft white club winter wheat (T. aestivum L. subsp. compactum) ‘Coda’ (PI 594372) was developed to maximize diversity within the soft white market class. The population comprises 268 F6:7 lines developed through single seed descent. The genetic linkage map consists of 2,144 DNA markers and is assigned to 32 linkage groups covering all chromosomes except 1D. This population was initially developed to determine additional markers linked to the Pch1 gene in wheat. It has further been used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to other diseases such as Cephalosporium stripe (caused by Cephalosporium gramineum) and stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss). The mapping population has also been used for identification of DNA markers associated with freezing tolerance, end‐use quality, and the compactum locus. From the differences in traits between the parental lines, the Coda/Brundage population provides the opportunity for further inquiry into the genes behind the identified QTL. The parents have only been phenotypically screened for a limited number of traits, and further screening may identify more polymorphic traits which the population can be used to map. It can also serve as a validation population for marker‐trait associations identified in other populations or other genetic studies such as recombination frequency.
Percutaneous treatments for residual and/or phantom limb pain in adults with lower‐extremity amputations: A narrative review
Authors: Sperry Beau P. , Cheney Cole W. , Kuo Keith T. , Clements Nathan , Burnham Taylor , Conger Aaron , Cushman Daniel M. , McCormick Zachary L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResidual limb pain (RLP) and phantom limb pain (PLP) profoundly affect the lives of many individuals who have undergone lower‐ or upper‐extremity amputation. Despite the considerable impact of RLP/PLP on quality of life in persons with amputation, there have been few attempts to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous interventions in the treatment of RLP and/or PLP. This narrative review evaluates the effectiveness of percutaneous treatments for RLP and/or PLP in patients after lower‐extremity amputation. Peripheral nerve stimulation, alcohol neurolysis, conventional thermal radiofrequency ablation, perineural corticosteroid injection, botulinum toxin injection, and etanercept injection were associated with varying success rates. Wide confidence intervals and small treatment cohorts impede assessments of overall success. High‐quality studies of nonsurgical, percutaneous treatments for RLP and/or PLP are lacking. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials and large cohort studies with comparison groups using validated outcomes are needed to determine the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of RLP and PLP.
Playing construction with the monomer toy box for the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols
Authors: D'Acunzo Francesca , Masci Giancarlo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this review article, we survey the 2016–June 2021 scientific literature on the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive (MSR) polymers, the main focus being on reversible deactivation radical polymerization techniques (RDRPs, also known as controlled radical polymerizations). In fact, along more than 40 years of extensive research, RDRPs have boosted the synthesis of stimuli‐responsive polymers. RDRPs are now robust, versatile, relatively user‐friendly and even interconvertible, thus allowing control over composition, sequence, and topology of polymers. Such control can afford materials with well‐defined responses to physical, chemical, and biological external stimuli. Furthermore, “click” reactions are used to combine macromolecular precursors or to introduce specific functional groups in the target structure. As a result, MSR polymers are obtained from diverse combinations of commercial or specially synthesized building blocks arranged at will into desired sequences and architectures. Thanks to this versatility, self‐assembling polymeric structures are designed either to respond to triggers and perform specific applicative tasks, or to investigate the influence of structural variables on the responsivity of polymers. The “green” trend emerging in the field of responsive polymers and RDRPs is also briefly discussed.
Discerning torquoselectivity in a series of cyclobutene ring‐opening reactions using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and stress tensor
Authors: Momen Roya , Azizi Alireza , Morales‐Bayuelo Alejandro , Pazhoohesh Mehdi , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the phenomenon of torquoselectivity through four thermal cyclobutenes ring‐opening reactions including 1‐chlorocyclobut‐1‐ene (Reaction 1), 3‐chloro‐4‐methylcyclobut‐1‐ene (Reaction 2), 3‐methoxy‐4‐methylcyclobut‐1‐ene (Reaction 3), and finally 3‐chloro‐4‐methoxycyclobut‐1‐ene (Reaction 4). Despite the limitation of conventional methods in which just considers activation energies within transition state theory, this research focuses on the nature of the chemical bond, electronic reorganization, and predicting either non‐competitive or competitive reactions within quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and stress tensor frameworks. Various theoretical analyses for these reactions such as metallicity ξ(rb), ellipticity ε, total local energy density H(rb), stress tensor polarizability ℙσ, stress tensor eigenvalue λ3σ, bond‐path length, and path lengths H display differently for non‐competitive and competitive reactions as well as for the conrotatory preferences either it is the transition state outward conrotatory (TSOC) or transition state inward conrotatory (TSIC) directions by presenting degeneracy or non‐degeneracy in their results. Results illustrate that the preference of TSOC or TSIC of these thermal ring‐opening reactions could obtain from path lengths H of the ring‐opening bonds, where the longer one apparently predicts the preference. In addition, examinations indicate that Reaction 1 is competitive and Reactions (2–4) are non‐competitive reactions with TSOC, TSOC, and TSIC preference directions respectively. The concordant results of stress tensor and QTAIM scalar and vectors with experimental results provide a better understanding of all reactions mechanism.
Robotic harvesting of the occluded fruits with a precise shape and position reconstruction approach
Authors: Gong Liang , Wang Wenjie , Wang Tao , Liu Chengliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOcclusion is one of the key factors affecting the success rate of vision‐based fruit‐picking robots. It is important to accurately locate and grasp the occluded fruit in field applications, However, there is yet no universal and effective solution. In this paper, a high‐precision estimation method of spatial geometric features of occluded targets based on deep learning and multisource images is presented, enabling the selective harvest robot to envision the whole target fruit as if its occlusions do not exist. First, RGB, depth and infrared images are acquired. And pixel‐level matched RGB‐D‐I fusion images are obtained by image registration. Second, aiming at the problem of detecting the occluded tomatoes in the greenhouse, an extended Mask‐RCNN network is designed to extract the target tomato. The target segmentation accuracy is improved by 7.6%. Then, for partially occluded tomatoes, a shape and position restoration method is used to recover the obscured tomato. This algorithm can extract tomato radius and centroid coordinates directly from the restored depth image. The mean Intersection over Union is 0.895, and the centroid position error is 0.62 mm for the occluded rate under 25% and the illuminance between 1 and 12 KLux. And hereby a dual‐arm robotic harvesting system is improved to achieve a picking time of 11 s per fruit, an average gripping accuracy of 8.21 mm, and an average picking success rate of 73.04%. The proposed approach realizes a high‐fidelity geometrics reconstruction instead of mere image style restoration, which endows the robot with the ability to see through obstacles in the field scenes and improves its operational success rate in its result.
Tracking clusters and anomalies in evolving data streams
Authors: Guggilam Sreelekha , Chandola Varun , Patra Abani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData‐driven anomaly detection methods typically build a model for the normal behavior of the target system, and score each data instance with respect to this model. A threshold is invariably needed to identify data instances with high (or low) scores as anomalies. This presents a practical limitation on the applicability of such methods, since most methods are sensitive to the choice of the threshold, and it is challenging to set optimal thresholds. The issue is exacerbated in a streaming scenario, where the optimal thresholds vary with time. We present a probabilistic framework to explicitly model the normal and anomalous behaviors and probabilistically reason about the data. An extreme value theory based formulation is proposed to model the anomalous behavior as the extremes of the normal behavior. As a specific instantiation, a joint nonparametric clustering and anomaly detection algorithm (INCAD) is proposed that models the normal behavior as a Dirichlet process mixture model. Results on a variety of datasets, including streaming data, show that the proposed method provides effective and simultaneous clustering and anomaly detection without requiring strong initialization and threshold parameters.
Electrostatic Stabilization of Nano Liquid Metals in Doped Nonpolar Liquids
Authors: Kim Jieun , Jeong Jinwon , Hyun Youngbin , Chung Sang Kug , Lee Joohyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiquid metals and alloys are attracting renewed attention owing to their potential for application in various advanced technologies. Eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) has been focused on in particular because of its integrated advantages of high conductivity, low melting point, and low toxicity. In this study, the colloidal behavior of nano‐dispersed EGaIn in nonpolar oils is investigated. Although the nonpolar oil continuous phase is commonly considered to be free of electric charges, electrostatic repulsion appears to be crucial in the colloidal stabilization of the nano‐dispersed EGaIn phases, the modulation of which is possible by doping the oil phases with different types of oil‐soluble surfactants. The qualitative correlation between the observed colloidal stabilities and the “zero field” particle mobilities inferred from the field‐dependent electrophoretic mobilities indicates that the electric charging of EGaIn particles in surfactant‐doped nonpolar oils is a static phenomenon that is maintained in equilibrium, rather than a solely field‐induced process. A systematic investigation of the charging properties of these unique biphasic particles, consisting of the liquid Ga‐In bulk and the solid Ga2O3 surface that formed spontaneously, reveals the complicated system‐dependent nature of the charging mechanisms mediated by ionic and nonionic surfactants in nonpolar media.
Low Optical Writing Energy Multibit Optoelectronic Memory Based on SnS2/h‐BN/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Xin , Tan Biying , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Jia , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu , Hu PingAn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence and neural network computing, the requirement for information storage in computing is gradually increasing. Floating gate memories based on 2D materials has outstanding characteristics such as non‐volatility, optical writing, and optical storage, suitable for application in photonic in‐memory computing chips. Notably, the optoelectronic memory requires less optical writing energy, which means lower power consumption and greater storage levels. Here, the authors report an optoelectronic memory based on SnS2/h‐BN/graphene heterostructure with an extremely low photo‐generated hole tunneling barrier of 0.23 eV. This non‐volatile multibit floating gate memory shows a high switching ratio of 106 and a large memory window range of 64.8 V in the gate range ±40 V. And the memory device can achieve multilevel storage states of 50 under a low power light pulses of 0.32 nW and small light pulse width of 50 ms. Thanks to the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling of the photo‐generated holes, the optical writing energy of the optoelectronic memory has been successfully reduced by one to three orders of magnitude compared to existing 2D materials‐based systems.
Business ethics in China and Iceland—Contrasts and convergence
Authors: Sigurjonsson Throstur Olaf , Arnardottir Audur Arna , Jiao Hao , Zhu Yunxia , Schwarzkopf David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is generally accepted that cultural differences affect individuals' approaches to ethics, but how are the effects of culture manifested in perceptions of ethics? Further, how are cultural differences displayed in such ethics‐related actions as recommendations for business ethics education? Managers' responses from two starkly different cultures, China and Iceland, reveal, somewhat surprisingly, that one group's top business ethics concerns and business ethics education recommendations are at the bottom of the other group's rankings, and vice‐versa, yet each appears reasonable given the cultural background. This shows how nuanced the expression of cultural differences in the realm of ethics can be and how potential practical steps may rely on perceived “top” ethical issues. Together, these findings imply that there is more to explore about the role of culture on ethical reasoning and behavior than researchers have examined to date. We provide suggestions for further research and practical applications.
QTL for seed shattering and threshability in intermediate wheatgrass align closely with well‐studied orthologs from wheat, barley, and rice
Authors: Altendorf Kayla R. , DeHaan Lee R. , Larson Steve R. , Anderson James A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerennial grain crops have the potential to improve agricultural sustainability but few existing species produce sufficient grain yield to be economically viable. The outcrossing, allohexaploid, and perennial forage species intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] has shown promise in undergoing direct domestication as a perennial grain crop using phenotypic and genomic selection. However, decades of selection will be required to achieve yields on par with annual small‐grain crops. Marker‐aided selection could accelerate progress if important genomic regions associated with domestication were identified. Here we use the IWG nested association mapping (NAM) population, with 1,168 F1 progeny across 10 families to dissect the genetic control of brittle rachis, floret shattering, and threshability. We used a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with 8,003 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and linkage mapping—both within‐family and combined across families—with a robust phenotypic dataset collected from four unique year‐by‐location combinations. A total of 29 quantitative trait loci (QTL) using GWAS and 20 using the combined linkage analysis were detected, and most large‐effect QTL were in common across the two analysis methods. We reveal that the genetic control of these traits in IWG is complex, with significant QTL across multiple chromosomes, sometimes within and across homoeologous groups and effects that vary depending on the family. In some cases, these QTL align within 216 bp to 31 Mbp of BLAST hits for known domestication genes in related species and may serve as precise targets of selection and directions for further study to advance the domestication of IWG.