bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex, ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities and trajectories in child and adolescent mental health in Australia and the UK: findings from national prospective longitudinal studies
Authors: Terhaag Sonia , Fitzsimons Emla , Daraganova Galina , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis study investigates the sex, ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in emotional difficulties over childhood and adolescence using longitudinal cohort studies in the UK and Australia. Estimating cross‐national differences contributes to understanding of the consistency of inequalities in mental health across contexts.MethodsData from 19,748 participants in two contemporary representative samples in Australia (Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, n = 4,975) and UK (Millennium Cohort Study, n = 14,773) were used. Emotional difficulties were assessed using the parent‐reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 4/5, 6/7, 11/12 and 14/15 years and the self‐reported Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire at age 14/15. Latent Growth Curve Modelling was used to examine mental health over time.ResultsThere were significant increases in emotional difficulties in both countries over time. Emotional difficulties were higher in Australian children at all ages. The gender gap in self‐reported depressive symptoms at age 14/15 was larger in the UK (8% of UK and 13% of Australian boys were above the depression cut‐off, compared with 23% of girls). Ethnic minority children had higher emotional difficulties at age 4/5 years in both countries, but over time this difference was no longer observed in Australia. In the UK, this reversed whereby at ages 11/12 and 14/15 ethnic minority children had lower symptoms than their White majority peers. Socioeconomic differences were more marked based on parent education and employment status in Australia and by parent income in the UK. UK children, children from White majority ethnicity and girls evidenced steeper worsening of symptoms from age 4/5 to 14/15 years.ConclusionsEven in two fairly similar countries (i.e. English‐speaking, high‐income, industrialised), the observed patterns of inequalities in mental health symptoms based on sociodemographics are not the same. Understanding country and context‐specific drivers of different inequalities provides important insights to help reduce disparities in child and adolescent mental health.
Ambrosia beetle response to ethanol concentration and host tree species
Authors: Cavaletto Giacomo , Faccoli Massimo , Ranger Christopher M. , Rassati Davide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEthanol emitted by stressed trees is an olfactory cue used by ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) to locate susceptible hosts to colonize. In addition, ethanol enhances the growth of ambrosia beetle fungal symbionts, improving colonization. Whether host selection and colonization are affected also by the amount of ethanol produced by stressed trees and by tree species is unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we induced attacks by ambrosia beetles in bolts of eight tree species by coring and filling them with either 5% or 90% ethanol solutions in water. For each ethanol concentration, bolts of the eight different tree species were replicated six times in a randomized complete block design. Entry holes were used as a proxy for host selection whereas gallery development stage was used as a proxy for colonization. Ethanol concentration differentially affected host selection of the three ambrosia beetles that were active during this study. Anisandrus dispar Fabricius preferentially attacked bolts with 90% ethanol concentration, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) preferentially attacked bolts with 5% ethanol concentration, and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) attacked bolts irrespective of ethanol concentration. Colonization of X. crassiusculus reflected the same pattern observed for entry holes. The effect of host tree species on host selection was most prominent for X. saxesenii, while X. crassiusculus established a higher number of developed galleries in Ostrya carpinifolia Scopoli bolts than on five of the other tested tree species. Our results suggest that ethanol concentration and host tree species may influence ecological niche partitioning among ambrosia beetle species.
Teamwork in clinical genomics: A dynamic sociotechnical healthcare setting
Authors: Best Stephanie , Brown Helen , Stark Zornitza , Long Janet C. , Ng Larissa , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Taylor Natalie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTeamworking across sociotechnical boundaries in healthcare is growing as technological advances in medicine abound. With this progress, teams need to find new ways of working together in non‐traditional settings. The novel field of clinical genomics provides the opportunity to rethink the existing approach to teamworking and how it needs to evolve. Our aim was to identify the key factors influencing teamworking in the emerging field of clinical genomics and how can they be applied in practice.MethodWe drew on three qualitative datasets from interviews undertaken in Australia, 2018/2019, that explored determinants of implementation of clinical genomics with laboratory scientists (n = 7), service and programme leads (n = 21), project officers (n = 2), clinical genetics staff (n = 26) and other medical specialists (n = 21). Data were analysed using a theory‐informed matrix approach to identify themes related to teamworking.ResultsWe identify that teams in clinical genomics work in an elongated adaptive context where there is rapid evolution of the knowledge base, shifting expectations of staff roles, and fast changes of technology. Delivering care in this setting brings additional challenges to teamworking as members strive to stay abreast of current knowledge and technology. We identify four themes: (a) the role of the team in keeping knowledge up‐to‐date; (b) professional identity; (c) team adaptability, and (d) practical/organisational considerations.ConclusionChallenges to teamworking that arise in the elongated adaptive context do not always fit traditional ways of working, and innovative strategies will need to be adopted to ensure the diagnostic advances of clinical genomics are realised. Provision of time and permission for team members to share knowledge and evolve, promoting capacity building, nurturing trustful relationships and establishing boundaries are amongst the practice recommendations for organisational and team leaders, even though these activities may disrupt existing ways of working or hierarchical structures.
LncRNA AFAP1‐AS1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of endometriosis through activating STAT3/TGF‐β/Smad signaling via miR‐424‐5p
Authors: Huan Qing , Cheng Shu‐Chao , Du Zhan‐Hui , Ma Hui‐Fen , Li Cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimEndometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility, which negatively affects women's health worldwide. AFAP1‐AS1 has been implicated in endometriosis lesions recently, but its mechanism of endometriosis progression remains unclear.MethodsEndometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were used to identify the role of AFAP1‐AS1 in endometriosis. The migratory capability was determined by transwell. Gene and protein expressions were identified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase report assays were used to identify the interaction of AFAP1‐AS1, miR‐424‐5p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).ResultsAFAP1‐AS1 knockdown or miR‐424‐5p overexpression inhibited proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis in ESCs. In addition, knockdown of AFAP1‐AS1 repressed the expression of ki‐67 and Bcl‐2, and promoted the levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax. Furthermore, knockdown of AFAP1‐AS1 inhibited the conversion of E‐cadherin to N‐cadherin and the expression of Snail. Moreover, AFAP1‐AS1 activated the STAT3/transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad2 axis via directly targeting miR‐424‐5p. The regulatory effect of AFAP1‐AS1 silencing in ESC migration, proliferation, and apoptosis was reversed by miR‐424‐5p inhibition or STAT3 overexpression.ConclusionsAFAP1‐AS1 silencing could inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis by regulating STAT3/TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway via targeting miR‐424‐5p in ESCs. AFAP1‐AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target of controlling the progression of endometriosis.
Facilitating health care workers’ self‐determination: The impact of a self‐leadership intervention on work engagement, health, and performance
Authors: van Dorssen‐Boog Pauline , van Vuuren Tinka , de Jong Jeroen P. , Veld Monique 
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to test the impact of a self‐leadership intervention on the work engagement, performance, and health of health care workers. By integrating self‐determination theory and self‐leadership theory, we propose that when employees are trained how they can autonomously influence own cognitions and behaviour, this will impact their work engagement, perceived performance, and general health. To test the hypotheses, a longitudinal field experiment with three measurement waves was conducted (pre‐intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 months after the intervention). Health care professionals (n = 195) from five different organizations participated on voluntary basis and were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Results show that a self‐leadership training positively impacts work engagement and performance of health care workers. Furthermore, the improved work engagement also mediates the effects of the training on health and performance 2 months later. No direct effect was found on general health. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Practitioners points

The self‐leadership intervention facilitates healthcare workers to develop self‐determination and autonomous motivation, which will positively impact their work engagement, health, and performance

Participation in the self‐leadership intervention needs to be based on volition as this will contribute to the intrinsic motivation for actual self‐leadership development through training.
Contemporary evolution of the innate immune receptor gene TLR3 in an isolated vertebrate population
Authors: Davies Charli S. , Taylor Martin I. , Hammers Martijn , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding where genetic variation exists, and how it influences fitness within populations is important from an evolutionary and conservation perspective. Signatures of past selection suggest that pathogen‐mediated balancing selection is a key driver of immunogenetic variation, but studies tracking contemporary evolution are needed to help resolve the evolutionary forces and mechanism at play. Previous work in a bottlenecked population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) show that functional variation has been maintained at the viral‐sensing Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene, including one nonsynonymous SNP, resulting in two alleles. Here, we characterise evolution at this TLR3 locus over a 25‐year period within the original remnant population of the Seychelles warbler, and in four other derived, populations. Results show a significant and consistent temporal decline in the frequency of the TLR3C allele in the original population, and that similar declines in the TLR3C allele frequency occurred in all the derived populations. Individuals (of both sexes) with the TLR3CC genotype had lower survival, and males ‐ but not females ‐ that carry the TLR3C allele had significantly lower lifetime reproductive success than those with only the TLR3A allele. These results indicate that positive selection on the TLR3A allele, caused by an as yet unknown agent, is driving TLR3 evolution in the Seychelles warbler. No evidence of heterozygote advantage was detected. However, whether the positive selection observed is part of a longer‐term pattern of balancing selection (through fluctuating selection or rare‐allele advantage) cannot be resolved without tracking the TLR3C allele over an extended time period.
Early damage detection by an innovative unsupervised learning method based on kernel null space and peak‐over‐threshold
Authors: Sarmadi Hassan , Yuen Ka‐Veng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article proposes an innovative unsupervised learning method for early damage detection and long‐term structural health monitoring of civil structures under environmental variability. This method consists of three main parts including a novelty detector based on kernel null Foley–Sammon transform (KNFST), a practical approach to choosing an optimal Gaussian kernel parameter, and a probabilistic method for the threshold estimation. The crux of KNFST is to map all original samples to a kernel feature space and project the kernelized features into a single point in a null space. The proposed threshold estimation method exploits the extreme value theory, the generalized Pareto distribution, and the peak‐over‐threshold. The major contribution of this article is to propose an innovative novelty detection method by a one‐class kernel null space algorithm and a probabilistic threshold estimation approach. Dealing with the problem of environmental variations and estimating a reliable alarming threshold are the main advantages of the proposed method. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method are validated by the Wooden Bridge in a laboratory environment and the full‐scale Z24 Bridge. Results demonstrate that the proposed unsupervised learning method highly succeeds in detecting damage even under strong environmental variations.
“He just teaches whatever he thinks is important”: Analysis of comments in student evaluations of teaching
Authors: Padgett Stephen M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudent evaluations of teaching are ubiquitous in higher education; however, most prior research has focused on the numeric ratings, with little systematic attention given to the qualitative comments. In this study, written comments were collected as part of the regular evaluation of a community health nursing course over four semesters. Taken as a whole, student comments were strikingly consistent and mostly negative. Students emphasized the authority of the textbook and framed the course as preparation for the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). Instructor efforts to focus on critical analysis of social issues were met with confusion, suspicion, and resistance. Student comments were further analyzed in relation to 3 levels of discourse: the student/teacher level, the nursing‐education level, and the social–historical level. For each level, the comments reveal problems, but not the ones suggested by a conventional reading of student evaluations. If students and teachers have conflicting expectations about goals and methods for learning, formal student evaluations may be less useful as a measure of teaching effectiveness. This study also raises troubling concerns about current practices in nursing pedagogy, particularly the emphasis on standardized testing and highly structured didactics, and the overlap between student evaluation systems and the technologies of neoliberalism.
Effect of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Beaulieu Kristine , Blundell John E. , van Baak Marleen A. , Battista Francesca , Busetto Luca , Carraça Eliana V. , Dicker Dror , Encantado Jorge , Ermolao Andrea , Farpour‐Lambert Nathalie , Pramono Adriyan , Woodward Euan , Bellicha Alice , Oppert Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis systematic review examined the impact of exercise training interventions on energy intake (EI) and appetite control in adults with overweight/obesity (≥18 years including older adults). Articles were searched up to October 2019. Changes in EI, fasting appetite sensations, and eating behavior traits were examined with random effects meta‐analysis, and other outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Forty‐eight articles were included (median [range] BMI = 30.6 [27.0–38.4] kg/m2). Study quality was rated as poor, fair, and good in 39, seven, and two studies, respectively. Daily EI was assessed objectively (N = 4), by self‐report (N = 22), with a combination of the two (N = 4) or calculated from doubly labeled water (N = 1). In studies rated fair/good, no significant changes in pre‐post daily EI were found and a small but negligible (SMD < 0.20) postintervention difference when compared with no‐exercise control groups was observed (five study arms; MD = 102 [1, 203] kcal). There were negligible‐to‐small pre‐post increases in fasting hunger and dietary restraint, decrease in disinhibition, and some positive changes in satiety and food reward/preferences. Within the limitations imposed by the quality of the included studies, exercise training (median duration of 12 weeks) leads to a small increase in fasting hunger and a small change in average EI only in studies rated fair/good. Exercise training may also reduce the susceptibility to overconsumption (PROSPERO: CRD42019157823).
Stacking AsFMT overexpression with BdPMT loss of function enhances monolignol ferulate production in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Smith Rebecca A. , Cass Cynthia L. , Petrik Deborah L. , Padmakshan Dharshana , Ralph John , Sedbrook John C. , Karlen Steven D. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTo what degree can the lignin subunits in a monocot be derived from monolignol ferulate (ML‐FA) conjugates? This simple question comes with a complex set of variables. Three potential requirements for optimizing ML‐FA production are as follows: (1) The presence of an active FERULOYL‐CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (FMT) enzyme throughout monolignol production; (2) Suppression or elimination of enzymatic pathways competing for monolignols and intermediates during lignin biosynthesis; and (3) Exclusion of alternative phenolic compounds that participate in lignification. A 16‐fold increase in lignin‐bound ML‐FA incorporation was observed by introducing an AsFMT gene into Brachypodium distachyon. On its own, knocking out the native p‐COUMAROYL‐CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (BdPMT) pathway that competes for monolignols and the p‐coumaroyl‐CoA intermediate did not change ML‐FA incorporation, nor did partial loss of CINNAMOYL‐CoA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) function, which reduced metabolic flux to monolignols. However, stacking AsFMT into the Bdpmt‐1 mutant resulted in a 32‐fold increase in ML‐FA incorporation into lignin over the wild‐type level.
Prevalence of leucocyte antibodies in non‐transfused male and female platelet apheresis donors
Authors: Simtong Piyapong , Sudwilai Yupaporn , Cheunta Siriluk , Leelayuwat Chanvit , Romphruk Amornrat V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn our study group of Thai PLT apheresis donors, we assessed the prevalence of anti‐leucocyte antibodies.BackgroundAntibodies against human leucocyte antigens (anti‐HLA), neutrophil antigens (anti‐HNA), and major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A (anti‐MICA) in blood products can lead to transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI). To reduce the risk of TRALI, some blood centres are implementing strategies based on screening platelet (PLT) apheresis donors for the presence of anti‐leucocyte antibodies.Methods/MaterialsBlood samples were collected from non‐transfused individuals, 340 males and 63 females (50 nulliparous and 13 parous). Anti‐HLA class I and II and anti‐MICA were analysed using the Luminex assay, and anti‐HNA‐3 was detected using the granulocyte agglutination test.ResultsAnti‐HLA was found in 14 of 403 subjects (3.5%). Ten subjects (2.5%) tested positive for HLA class I, 2 (0.5%) for HLA class II, and 2 (0.5%) for both HLA class I and HLA class II. Anti‐HLA class I or II were detected in 2 of 13 (15.4%) parous females and only anti‐HLA class I was found in 4 (8.0%) nulliparous females. Six of 327 subjects tested (1.8%), all males, were positive for anti‐MICA. Anti‐HNA‐3 was not found in any of the 403 individuals.ConclusionsScreening for anti‐HLA class I and II should be implemented for Thai PLT apheresis donors. Although immunisation against HNA and MICA seems to be a rare event in Thais, further work is necessary to decide whether our PLT apheresis donors should be screened for HNA and MICA antibodies.
Association of patient quality of life with the degree of agreement in the perceptions of patient disability within the stroke patient–rehabilitation therapist dyad: a cross-sectional study in postdischarge rehabilitation setting
Authors: Takashi Naoki , McCarthy Michael J , Suzuki Rie , Ogahara Kakuya , Ono-Kihara Masako , Kihara Masahiro , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of study was to explore the association between patient physical and psychological quality of life (QOL) with the degree of agreement in perceptions of patient disability within the stroke patient–rehabilitation therapist dyad.DesignCross-sectional dyadic study with a tablet-based structured questionnaire.SettingRehabilitation, nursing and long-term care facilities that provide rehabilitation services in the Kanagawa prefecture, Japan.ParticipantsThe 81 dyads of a male patient with stroke living at home and the rehabilitation therapist in charge of the eligible patient were recruited from March 2019 to February 2020.MethodPatient physical and psychological QOL was measured using the WHOQOL BREF. Perceptions of patient disability were measured using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule V.2.0 (DAS). DAS scores of patients and therapists were classified into two (high and low) and three (high, medium, low) categories, respectively, and six patterns of agreement about patient function were created and used in the analysis. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine multivariable associations between WHOQOL scores in patients and the degree of agreement within dyads adjusting for other covariates and clustering effects.ResultsAmong 81 enrolled dyads, 48 (59.3%) were classified into one of four disagreement groups (low medium, low high, high medium, high low). When the patient appraised himself as having mild disability, the degree of patient–therapist disagreement was negatively associated with patient’s physical and psychological QOL. When the patient appraised himself as having severe disability, his physical and/or psychological QOL was poorer, regardless of the degree of agreement.ConclusionsDisagreement in the perception of disability within patient–rehabilitation therapist dyad could be associated with patient’s poor QOL, especially when the patient perceives himself as having mild disability. Reaching an agreement about patient disability is needed in the delivery of rehabilitation care for patients with stroke living at home to improve their QOL.