bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are super‐face‐recognisers also super‐voice‐recognisers? Evidence from cross‐modal identification tasks
Authors: Jenkins Ryan E. , Tsermentseli Stella , Monks Claire P. , Robertson David J. , Stevenage Sarah V. , Symons Ashley E. , Davis Josh P. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIndividual differences in face identification ability range from prosopagnosia to super‐recognition. The current study examined whether face identification ability predicts voice identification ability (participants: N = 529). Superior‐face‐identifiers (exceptional at face memory and matching), superior‐face‐recognisers (exceptional at face memory only), superior‐face‐matchers (exceptional face matchers only), and controls completed the Bangor Voice Matching Test, Glasgow Voice Memory Test, and a Famous Voice Recognition Test. Meeting predictions, those possessing exceptional face memory and matching skills outperformed typical‐range face groups at voice memory and voice matching respectively. Proportionally more super‐face‐identifiers also achieved our super‐voice‐recogniser criteria on two or more tests. Underlying cross‐modality (voices vs. faces) and cross‐task (memory vs. perception) mechanisms may therefore drive superior performances. Dissociations between Glasgow Voice Memory Test voice and bell recognition also suggest voice‐specific effects to match those found with faces. These findings have applied implications for policing, particularly in cases when only suspect voice clips are available.
A Self‐Thickening and Self‐Strengthening Strategy for 3D Printing High‐Strength and Antiswelling Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogels as Meniscus Substitutes
Authors: Xu Ziyang , Fan Chuanchuan , Zhang Qian , Liu Yang , Cui Chunyan , Liu Bo , Wu Tengling , Zhang Xiaoping , Liu Wenguang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract3D printing of high‐strength and antiswelling hydrogel‐based load‐bearing soft tissue scaffolds with similar geometric shape to natural tissues remains a great challenge owing to insurmountable trade‐off between strength and printability. Herein, capitalizing on the concentration‐dependent H‐bonding‐strengthened mechanism of supramolecular poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA) hydrogel, a self‐thickening and self‐strengthening strategy, that is, loading the concentrated NAGA monomer into the thermoreversible low‐strength PNAGA hydrogel is proposed to directly 3D printing latently H‐bonding‐reinforced hydrogels. The low‐strength PNAGA serves to thicken the concentrated NAGA monomer, affording an appropriate viscosity for thermal‐assisted extrusion 3D printing of soft PNAGA hydrogels bearing NAGA monomer and initiator, which are further polymerized to eventually generate high‐strength and antiswelling hydrogels, due to the reconstruction of strong H‐bonding interactions from postcompensatory PNAGA. Diverse polymer hydrogels can be printed with self‐thickened corresponding monomer inks. Further, the self‐thickened high‐strength PNAGA hydrogel is printed into a meniscus, which is implanted in rabbit's knee as a substitute with in vivo outcome showing an appealing ability to efficiently alleviate the cartilage surface wear. The self‐thickening strategy is applicable to directly printing a variety of polymer‐hydrogel‐based tissue engineering scaffolds without sacrificing mechanical strength, thus circumventing problems of printing high‐strength hydrogels and facilitating their application scope.
Tailoring Multistimuli Responsive Micropatterns Activated by Various Mechanical Modes
Authors: Zeng Songshan , Shen Kuangyu , Li Shuliang , Li Rui , Hou Zaili , Zhang Xin , Tait William R. T. , Kajiwara Tomoko , Takahara Atsushi , Smith Andrew T. , Jones Michael D. , Zhang Dianyun , Sun Luyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA versatile wrinkle‐based micropatterned system with a film‐substrate structure is proposed, which contains a hydrophilic film of polyvinyl alcohol or its composite with laponite and a hydrophobic substrate of polydimethylsiloxane or its composite with carbon black. The wrinkled system features high design flexibility and multistimuli responsiveness, which can be activated by various mechanical methods, including vertical press or scratch, gentle stretch‐and‐release, bend, or analogous magneto‐mechanical and electro‐mechanical modes. The resultant wrinkles possess 1) instantaneous and reversible strain/moisture/light responsive optical modulation; 2) tunable dynamics for the aforementioned strain/moisture/light response;3) tailorable amplitude/wavelength; 4) unique surface morphologies from the coupling of wrinkles and cracks; 5) excellent reversibility and durability. A variety of applications are demonstrated based on this system, including 1) a moisture erasable highly sensitive pressure responsive device and pattern replicator with a high fidelity; 2) a moisture erasable scratch/magneto‐mechanical re‐writable tablet; 3) an electro‐mechanical controllable smart window with an ultra‐sensitive strain responsive transmittance modulation and a low operating voltage; 4) various types of strain responsive, moisture erasable, and laser writable information recording/encryption devices. This work provides new routes for designing innovative wrinkled systems triggered by diverse mechanical fashions and can decode multiple environmental stimuli into optical signals for widespread application.
In Situ Tracking of Wetting‐Front Transient Heat Release on a Surface‐Mounted Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Li Weijin , Yang Guang , Terzis Alexandros , Mukherjee Soumya , He Chao , An Xingtao , Wu Jingyi , Weigand Bernhard , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransient heat generation during guest adsorption and host–guest interactions is a natural phenomenon in metal–organic framework (MOF) chemistry. However, in situ tracking of such MOF released heat is an insufficiently researched field due to the fast heat dissipation to the surroundings. Herein, a facile capillary‐driven liquid‐imbibition approach is developed for in situ tracking of transient heat release at the wetting front of surface‐mounted MOFs (SURMOFs) on cellulosic fiber substrates. Spatiotemporal temperature distributions are obtained with infrared thermal imaging for a range of MOF‐based substrates and imbibed liquids. Temperature rises at the wetting front of water and binary mixtures with organic solvents are found to be over 10 K with an ultrafast and distinguishable thermal signal response (<1 s) with a detectable concentration limit ≤1 wt%. As an advancement to the state‐of‐the‐art in trace‐solvent detection technologies, this study shows great prospects for the integration of SURMOFs in future sensor devices. Inspired by this prototypal study, SURMOF‐based transient heat signal transduction is likely to be extended to an ever‐expanding library of SURMOFs and other classes of surface‐grafted porous materials, translating into a wide range of convenient, portable, and ubiquitous sensor devices.
Rational Control of Topological Defects in Porous Carbon for High‐Efficiency Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Jiang Kaiyue , Tranca Diana , Zhu Jinhui , Qiu Feng , Ke Changchun , Lu Chenbao , Kymakis Emmanuel , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbons have been extensively studied for electrocatalysis, including the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. Most relevant studies have focused on nitrogen sites in porous carbons, however, the intrinsic topological defects of porous carbons have been usually ignored because of difficulties in controllable preparation, structural identification, and determining structure–property correlations. In this study, topological defect‐enriched porous carbons are fabricated through pyridinic‐N volatilization at a high temperature by using nitrogen‐enriched 2,6‐dicyanopyridine as the precursor. As‐prepared porous carbons possess rich topological defects and ultrahigh specific surface area of up to 3123 m2 g−1. As electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, as‐prepared porous carbons exhibit excellent activity for CO formation with a low onset potential of −283 mV, high CO Faradaic efficiency of up to 99.0% at −0.4 V, which is the state‐of‐the‐art activity among all of reported porous carbons. Density functional theory calculations indicate that pentagonal structure cause the electronegativity of carbon skeletons and act as the main active sites for CO2 reduction. This work not only presents a facile approach for fabricating porous carbons with a high density of topological defects for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction but also provides insights regarding the origin of high activity of topological defects in porous carbons.
Multifunctional and Tunable Radar Absorber Based on Graphene‐Integrated Active Metasurface
Authors: Huang Cheng , Ji Chen , Zhao Bo , Peng Jinqiang , Yuan Liming , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, a multifunctional and tunable radar absorber which can achieve dynamical modulation of absorbing frequency, bandwidth, and amplitude is presented. Such a tunable radar absorber is composed of a graphene capacitor layer and an active metasurface layer. By controlling the impedance characteristic of each layer through the external bias voltages, the absorber not only can achieve the ultrawideband electromagnetic (EM) absorbing performance, but also can be switched to a narrowband absorption mode, and its absorption amplitude can be further adjusted at each of the above operation modes. Both simulated and experimental results have demonstrated that the −10‐dB reflection bandwidth ranging from 3.55 to 19.6 GHz can be realized, and the average reflection amplitude can be dynamically tuned between −3.8 and −11.5 dB. In addition, by changing the bias voltages, the absorber can also, respectively, switch its −10 dB reflection bandwidth to 3.5−11.1 GHz and 10.9−18.9 GHz, where the larger dynamic range of amplitude modulation is obtained. The equivalent circuit model is employed to explain the tunable absorption mechanism by analyzing the impedance matching characteristics. This hybrid design approach can effectively expand the EM reconfigurable functionalities of the current tunable absorber, which may further open a novel way of the graphene application in microwave frequencies.
Electroluminescence Principle and Performance Improvement of Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Aqiang , Bi Chenghao , Guo Ruiqi , Zhang Mengqi , Qu Xuanhui , Tian Jianjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have attracted considerable interest for their potential applications in high‐definition displays owing to their narrowband emission, wide color gamut (≈140%), near‐unity photoluminescence efficiency, and cost‐effective solution processability. Extensive efforts have led to the external quantum efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to exceed 20%. However, there are several obstacles, such as poor working stability, low efficiency, and low luminance, of pure‐blue and pure‐red light‐emitting devices that delay their commercial application. Addressing these issues requires a deep understanding of the photoluminescence effect as well as the bottlenecks in the process. Here, the fundamental working principle, carrier recombination, and light outcoupling properties of PeLEDs are described. The performance improvement strategies of PeLEDs based on defect engineering, perovskite crystallization, charge injection balancing, and quantum confinement are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges of PeLEDs in pure‐color light emission, working stability, and toxicity are reviewed and discussed.
Impact of Segmented Magnetization on the Flagellar Propulsion of Sperm‐Templated Microrobots
Authors: Magdanz Veronika , Vivaldi Jacopo , Mohanty Sumit , Klingner Anke , Vendittelli Marilena , Simmchen Juliane , Misra Sarthak , Khalil Islam S. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTechnical design features for improving the way a passive elastic filament produces propulsive thrust can be understood by analyzing the deformation of sperm‐templated microrobots with segmented magnetization. Magnetic nanoparticles are electrostatically self‐assembled on bovine sperm cells with nonuniform surface charge, producing different categories of sperm‐templated microrobots. Depending on the amount and location of the nanoparticles on each cellular segment, magnetoelastic and viscous forces determine the wave pattern of each category during flagellar motion. Passively propagating waves are induced along the length of these microrobots using external rotating magnetic fields and the resultant wave patterns are measured. The response of the microrobots to the external field reveals distinct flow fields, propulsive thrust, and frequency responses during flagellar propulsion. This work allows predictions for optimizing the design and propulsion of flexible magnetic microrobots with segmented magnetization.
Translating 2D Director Profile to 3D Topography in a Liquid Crystal Polymer
Authors: Lv Pengrong , You Yuxin , Li Junyu , Zhang Yang , Broer Dirk J. , Chen Jiawen , Zhou Guofu , Zhao Wei , Liu Danqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMorphological properties of surfaces play a key role in natural and man‐made objects. The development of robust methods to fabricate micro/nano surface structures has been a long pursuit. Herein, an approach based on molecular self‐assembling of liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) is presented to directly translate 2D molecular director profiles obtained by a photoalignment procedure into 3D topographies, without involving further multi‐step lithographic processes. The principle of surface deformation from a flat morphology into complex topographies is based on the coupling between electrostatic interactions and the anisotropic flow in LCPs. When activated by an electric field, the LCP melts and is driven by electrohydrodynamic instabilities to connect the electrode plates of a capacitor, inducing topographies governed by the director profile of the LCP. Upon switching off the electric field, the formed structures vitrify as the temperature decreases below the glass transition. When heated, the process is reversible as the formed topographies disappear. By pre‐programming the molecular director a variety of structures could be made with increasing complexity. The height, pitch, and the aspect ratio of the textures are further regulated by the conditions of the applied electric field. The proposed approach will open new opportunities for optical and electrical applications.
A drought‐driven model for the evolution of obligate apomixis in ferns: evidence from pellaeids (Pteridaceae)
Authors: Grusz Amanda L. , Windham Michael D. , Picard Kathryn T. , Pryer Kathleen M. , Schuettpelz Eric , Haufler Christopher H. 
Published: February 2021

PremiseXeric environments impose major constraints on the fern life cycle, yet many lineages overcome these limitations by evolving apomixis. Here, we synthesize studies of apomixis in ferns and present an evidence‐based model for the evolution and establishment of this reproductive strategy, focusing on genetic and environmental factors associated with its two defining traits: the production of “unreduced” spores (n = 2n) and the initiation of sporophytes from gametophyte tissue (i.e., diplospory and apogamy, respectively).MethodsWe evaluated existing literature in light of the hypothesis that abiotic characteristics of desert environments (e.g., extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations, high light intensity, and water limitation) drive the evolution of obligate apomixis. Pellaeid ferns (Cheilanthoideae: Pteridaceae) were examined in detail, as an illustrative example. We reconstructed a plastid (rbcL, trnG–trnR, atpA) phylogeny for the clade and mapped reproductive mode (sexual versus apomictic) and ploidy across the resulting tree.ResultsOur six‐stage model for the evolution of obligate apomixis in ferns emphasizes the role played by drought and associated abiotic conditions in the establishment of this reproductive approach. Furthermore, our updated phylogeny of pellaeid ferns reveals repeated origins of obligate apomixis and shows an increase in the frequency of apomixis, and rarity of sexual reproduction, among taxa inhabiting increasingly dry North American deserts.ConclusionsOur findings reinforce aspects of other evolutionary, physiological, developmental, and omics‐based studies, indicating a strong association between abiotic factors and the establishment of obligate apomixis in ferns. Water limitation, in particular, appears critical to establishment of this reproductive mode.
Differentiation syndrome with lower‐intensity treatments for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Stein Eytan M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Levis Mark J. , Montesinos Pau , de Botton Stéphane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferentiation Syndrome (DS) has been identified in a subset of patients undergoing treatment with novel classes of differentiating therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) such as IDH and FLT3 inhibitors. While DS is a well‐known treatment‐related complication in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), efforts are still ongoing to standardize diagnostic and treatment parameters for DS in AML. Though the rates of incidence vary, many of the signs and symptoms of DS are common between APL and AML. So, DS can lead to fatal complications in AML, but prompt management is usually effective and rarely necessitates interruption or discontinuation of AML therapy.
Extending the Lifetimes of Charge Transfer States Generated by Photoinduced Heterolysis of Photochromic Radical Complexes
Authors: Kawanishi Yasuki , Mutoh Katsuya , Abe Jiro , Kobayashi Yoichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNovel fast photochromic phenothiazine‐imidazolyl radical complex (PTIC) derivatives were developed, which form the charge transfer (CT) states and the neutral open‐shell transient species in a stepwise manner upon light irradiation. The lifetimes of the CT states were extended from picoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds by the substitution of a triphenylamine group on the phenothiazine moiety. The CT forms have different optical properties and chemical reactivities from those of the neutral open‐shell transient species. Therefore, the developments of fast T‐type photochromic molecules that generate long‐lived CT forms are important for expanding potential applications of fast photoswitching materials.
Visible Light Driven Oxidative Coupling of Amines and P(O)−H/P−OR Compounds under Photocatalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Fu Ying , Duan Fei , Du Zhengyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA photosensitizer‐free, visible light driven Atherton‐Todd type coupling of P(O)−H/P−OR compounds and amines was developed. This highly efficient protocol that employ air as the terminal oxidant offers a direct and efficient access to phosphinamides, phosphonamides and phosphoramidates in good to excellent yields.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling analysis and anti‐inflammatory effect of Wangbi capsule in the treatment of adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhao Min , Zhang Yumeng , Qiu Zhaozhao , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Chunjie , Wang Miao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinically, Wangbi Capsule (WBC) is widely used in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its remarkable therapeutic effect. To reveal the mechanism, a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model was developed for the first time to assess the relationship between time–concentration (dose)–effect. Freund’s Complete Adjuvant was used to induce the adjuvant‐induced arthritis model. Multi‐indices were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and an S‐Imax PK–PD model was established based on the concentrations of osthole, 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside, cimifugin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and icariin and the levels of interleukin‐1β and prostaglandin E2 using a two‐compartment PK model together with a PD model with an effect‐site compartment. The results suggest that WBC can treat RA by regulating the levels of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin‐1β. For the PK–PD model, the parameters indicated that WBC had a large safety margin and all six bioactive ingredients of WBC have therapeutic effects on RA. Among them icariin, osthole and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside may be the main effective substances. This study provided a scientific basis for further study of population pharmacokinetics / population pharmacodynamics (PPK/PPD), to develop a reasonable administration plan and improve individualized drug therapy.
Premilling pearling for producing wheat fractions with distinct digestibility and fermentability
Authors: De Brier Niels , Lemmens Elien , Gomand Sara V. , Verbeke Kristin , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesWheat bran contains 16%–18% protein which has a nutritionally balanced amino acid composition but is not fully digestible by human enzymes. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of different levels of pearling wheat prior to milling on protein digestibility in the resultant bran fractions and pearlings and to study their fermentability.FindingsBreaking down bran cell wall material, the main constituent of which is the dietary fiber arabinoxylan (AX), by pearling increases the in vitro protein digestibility of the resulting material. Pearling fractions enriched in pericarp tissue and hence in insoluble AX with a high arabinose to xylose ratio (A/X) are poorly fermented in vitro with fecal inoculum. In contrast, fermentation of fractions enriched in aleurone tissue produces more short‐chain fatty acids than unmodified wheat bran. This is mainly attributed to the lower A/X of aleurone AX and to pearling‐induced cell wall structure degradation, which makes the dietary fiber better accessible to fecal bacteria.ConclusionsPearling of wheat prior to milling leads to bran and pearling fractions with distinct digestibility and fermentability characteristics.Significance and noveltyThe present work is a step toward understanding and exploitation of the nutritional potential of wheat fractions offered by pearling prior to milling.
Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia by Pd−S−Mo Nanosheets on a Hydrophobic Hierarchical Graphene Support
Authors: Zhang Wuyong , Lin Weijin , Ren Juan , Zheng Nanfeng , Wu Binghui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is regarded as a potential alternative to produce ammonia under ambient conditions. However, the lack of powerful electrocatalysts and the non‐negligible hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have become a bottleneck of further development of ENRR. In this work, [Mo3S13]2−clusters were introduced onto 2D‐structured Pd nanosheets (NSs) to form Pd−S−Mo NSs with abundant Mo active sites for N2activation. A Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.7 % was realized by Pd−S−Mo NSs on hydrophilic carbon support, superior to their single‐component counterparts. Furthermore, loading Pd−S−Mo NSs on hydrophobic hierarchical graphene support was carried out to suppress HER, achieving a FE of 23.8 % and improved ammonia yield. This work provides a designed principle of efficient ENRR electrocatalysts by engineering Mo active sites and catalyst supports.