bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food as harm reduction during a drinking session: reducing the harm, or normalising harmful use of alcohol? A comparative analysis of alcohol industry and non-alcohol industry-funded advice
Authors: Ramsbottom Anna , Petticrew Mark , Schalkwyk May van , Carters-White Lauren , Benylles Yasmine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to critically analyse information concerning the relationship between alcohol and food consumption provided via alcohol industry (AI) funded and non-AI-funded health-oriented websites, to determine the role it plays within the alcohol information space, and how this serves the interests of the disseminating organisations. Methods: Information on food as a harm reduction measure while drinking alcohol was extracted from the websites of 15 AI-funded corporate social responsibility (CSR) organisations. As a comparison group, non-AI-funded health websites were also searched (n=16 websites with food and alcohol-related content). Information on both the webpages themselves, and downloadable information sheets was included. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to allow the text analysed to be situated within the broader political and social context. Analysis was carried out iteratively, involving continuous comparison within and between websites. Discursive themes were identified by three researchers. Identified discursive elements were discussed to reach a consensus, and a final coding framework was then developed. “Tone” analysis was used to assess whether the overall tone within individual websites were considered to be pro-alcohol consumption, neutral or discouraging of alcohol consumption.Results: There were some commonalities across AI and non-AI-funded websites, whereby both appeared to normalise alcohol consumption and to encourage use of food as a measure to enable sustained drinking, to avoid drinking in a way that results in short-term harms, and to prevent or “cure” a hangover. The fact that both AI-funded and non-AI-funded organisations shared many of these narratives is particularly concerning. However, discourse of food and alcohol that served to promote “moderate” drinking as beneficial to health, was used exclusively by AI-funded organisations, focusing on special occasions and individual blaming. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, including heavy and harmful consumption, is frequently normalised within the online information space. Emphasising food consumption may have the effect of supporting consumers to drink for longer periods of time. Health professionals and independent health organisations should challenge why AI-funded organisations, with a major conflict of interest, and a history of health misinformation, are often given the responsibility for disseminating health information to the public.
Association of glycated hemoglobin A1c levels with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: Results from the BiomarCaRE (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe) consortium
Authors: Sinning Christoph , Makarova Nataliya , Völzke Henry , Schnabel Renate , Ojeda Francisco , Dörr Marcus , Felix Stephan B. , Koenig Wolfgang , Peters Annette , Rathmann Wolfgang , Schöttker Ben , Brenner Hermann , Veronesi Giovanni , Cesana Giancarlo , Brambilla Paolo , Palosaari Tarja , Kuulasmaa Kari , Njølstad Inger , Mathiesen Ellisiv Bøgeberg , Wilsgaard Tom , Blankenberg Stefan , Söderberg Stefan , Ferrario Marco M. , Thorand Barbara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBiomarkers may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk estimation. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used to monitor the quality of diabetes treatment. Its role for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes in the general population remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the role of HbA1c in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in the general population.MethodsData from six prospective population-based cohort studies across Europe comprising 36,180 participants were analyzed. HbA1c was evaluated in conjunction with classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) for association with cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and overall mortality in subjects without diabetes (N=32,477) and with diabetes (N=3,703). ResultsKaplan-Meier curves showed higher event rates with increasing HbA1c levels (log-rank-test: p<0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed significant associations between HbA1c (in mmol/mol) log-transformed and divided by interquartile range in the total study population and the examined outcomes. Thus, a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04−1.20, p=0.002) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04−1.16, p<0.001) for CVD, and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05−1.14, p<0.001) for overall mortality can be reported. An increased risk of CVD was also observed in subjects without diabetes with increased HbA1c levels (HR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16, p=0.021).HbA1c cut-off values of 39.9 mmol/mol (5.8%), 36.6 mmol/mol (5.5%), and 38.8 mmol/mol (5.7%) for cardiovascular mortality, CVD, and overall mortality, respectively, show an increased risk for the outcome.ConclusionsHbA1c was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic biomarker for all investigated outcomes in the general European population. A mostly monotonically increasing relationship was observed between HbA1c levels and outcomes. Elevated HbA1c levels were also associated with the outcomes in participants without diabetes (i.e., HbA1c levels < 6.5% (<48mmol/mol)) underlining the importance of HbA1c levels in the overall population.
Is psychological distress associated with carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and nerve conduction study findings? A case-control study from Syria
Authors: AlSharif Aya , Habbal Aya Al , Daaboul Yaman , Hawat Lama Al , Habbal Osama Al , Kakaje Ameer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist which causes severe symptoms. However, psychological aspects can affect how patient perceive this pain and can cause similar pain in some instances. This study aims to determine the association between symptoms severity, functional status, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) of adult patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and their anger, anxiety, and depression status.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in clinics in Damascus, Syria. Controls were frequency matched by gender and age from a general clinic. Interviews based on questionnaires were used that included Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ-A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale-5 (DAR-5) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS). Results:Overall, 242 patients (121 cases) were included in this study. Cases with CTS had significantly higher anxiety and depression when compared with controls, but not higher anger. Cases with higher anxiety, depression and anger had significantly more CTS symptoms and less functional status. Anxiety was also higher in cases with normal NCS in case group. When using regression, anxiety and depression remained significantly associated with having CTS.Conclusion:Anxiety and depression are more prominent with CTS. Furthermore, having anxiety and depression were associated with more CTS symptoms in the hand. Having anger was also associated with more CTS symptoms among cases. These findings emphasise on the importance of psychological aspects when having hand pain or CTS symptoms as these patients might have these symptoms despite having normal NCS.
Combating the Progression of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Infectious Disease: Current State and Future Prospects in
Molecular Diagnostics and Drug Discovery
Authors: Kumar Arbind , Sharma Aashish , Tirpude Narendra Vijay , Thakur Sharad , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

:
A highly infectious and life-threatening virus was first reported in Wuhan,
China, in late 2019, and it rapidly spread all over the world. This novel virus belongs to
the coronavirus family and is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), causing respiratory disease known as COVID-19. In March 2020, WHO has
declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. Its morbidity and mortality rates are
swiftly rising day by day, with the situation becoming more severe and fatal for the comorbid
population. Many COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic, but they silently spread
the infection. There is a need for proper screening of infected patients to prevent the
epidemic transmission of disease and for early curative interventions to reduce the risk
of developing severe complications from COVID-19. To date, the diagnostic assays are
of two categories, molecular detection of viral genetic material by real-time RTpolymerase
chain reaction and serological test, which relies on detecting antiviral
antibodies. Unfortunately, there are no effective prophylactics and therapeutics available
against COVID-19. However, a few drugs have shown promising antiviral activity against
it, and these presently are being referred for clinical trials, albeit FDA has issued an
Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of a few drugs for SARSCoV-
2 infection. This review provides an insight into current progress, challenges and
future prospects of laboratory detection methods of COVID-19, and highlights the clinical
stage of the major evidence-based drugs/vaccines recommended against the novel
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus.
A Validated Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(RP-HPLC) Method for the Quantification of Gamma- Tocotrienol in
Tocotrienol Rich Fractions of Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Nair Rajesh Sreedharan , Billa Nashiru , Morris Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Palm oil and its constituents have wide applications in food, cosmetics
and pharmaceutical industries. The tocotrienol-rich fractions of crude palm oil have drawn
greater research interest in recent years due to their potent health benefits. Therefore, reliable
and validated analytical methods are essential for the quantification of tocotrienols.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop a simple and economical RP-HPLC method for the
quantification of gamma-tocotrienol in tocotrienol-rich fractions of crude palm oil.

Methods:
An Agilent HPLC system supplied with a Diode Array detector and an auto-injector
system was used for the method development, and the wavelength was set 295 nm. A reversedphase
C18 column maintained at 30 °C using a mobile phase composition of methanol: water
(95:05) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used for the analysis. The developed method was validated
according to ICH guidelines.

Results and Discussion:
A symmetrical peak of gamma-tocotrienol was observed at 8.7
minutes with minimal peak tailing (between 0.76 and 0.78), and an acceptable resolution above
2.0. Excellent linearity was evident with R2 values 0.9996 and 0.9991 for intra-day and interday,
respectively. The method demonstrated a high precision (%RSD values ≤ 5.8%) and accuracy
(%RE<9.6%). The LOD and LOQ of gamma-tocotrienol were determined as 1.4 μg/mL
and 4.2 μg/mL, respectively. The system suitability studies indicate that the chromatographic
parameters are well within the acceptable limit.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the developed RP-HPLC method is rapid, precise, stable and economical
for the quantification of gamma-tocotrienol.
Comparison of the Validity and Generalizability of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Energy Expenditure: Validation Study
Authors: O'Driscoll Ruairi , Turicchi Jake , Hopkins Mark , Duarte Cristiana , Horgan Graham W , Finlayson Graham , Stubbs R James 
Published: August 2021

Background
Accurate solutions for the estimation of physical activity and energy expenditure at scale are needed for a range of medical and health research fields. Machine learning techniques show promise in research-grade accelerometers, and some evidence indicates that these techniques can be applied to more scalable commercial devices.

Objective
This study aims to test the validity and out-of-sample generalizability of algorithms for the prediction of energy expenditure in several wearables (ie, Fitbit Charge 2, ActiGraph GT3-x, SenseWear Armband Mini, and Polar H7) using two laboratory data sets comprising different activities.

Methods
Two laboratory studies (study 1: n=59, age 44.4 years, weight 75.7 kg; study 2: n=30, age=31.9 years, weight=70.6 kg), in which adult participants performed a sequential lab-based activity protocol consisting of resting, household, ambulatory, and nonambulatory tasks, were combined in this study. In both studies, accelerometer and physiological data were collected from the wearables alongside energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry. Three regression algorithms were used to predict metabolic equivalents (METs; ie, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks), and five classification algorithms (ie, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks) were used for physical activity intensity classification as sedentary, light, or moderate to vigorous. Algorithms were evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validations and out-of-sample validations.

Results
The root mean square error (RMSE) was lowest for gradient boosting applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 data (0.91 METs), and in the classification task, gradient boost applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 was the most accurate (85.5%). Fitbit models achieved an RMSE of 1.36 METs and 78.2% accuracy for classification. Errors tended to increase in out-of-sample validations with the SenseWear neural network achieving RMSE values of 1.22 METs in the regression tasks and the SenseWear gradient boost and random forest achieving an accuracy of 80% in classification tasks.

Conclusions
Algorithms trained on combined data sets demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with a tendency for superior performance of random forests and gradient boosting for most but not all wearable devices. Predictions were poorer in the between-study validations, which creates uncertainty regarding the generalizability of the tested algorithms.
Temporal Trends of Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Risk Exposures in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Chen Chih-Chia , Lin Yung-Chieh , Wang Shan-Tair , Huang Chao-Ching ,   The Preterm Research Group
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives
Neonatal AKI in the preterm population is an under-recognized morbidity. Detecting AKI in preterm infants is important for their long-term kidney health. We aimed to examine the yearly trends of incidence and the related morbidities and care practices affecting the occurrence of neonatal AKI in extremely preterm (gestational age <29 weeks) and very preterm (gestational age 29–32 weeks) infants.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The trends and the related risk factors and care practices of AKI were examined in the extremely preterm (n=434) and very preterm (n=257) infants who were admitted within 14 days after birth from 2005 to 2018 to the University Hospital and had at least two serum creatinine measurements during hospitalization. We defined AKI as a serum creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dl or more within 48 hours or a 1.5-fold increase within 7 days.

Results
The extremely preterm group had a three-fold higher incidence of AKI (30% versus 10%) than the very preterm group. Among preterm infants with AKI, 92% had one episode of AKI, and 45% experienced stage 2 or 3 AKI; the mean duration of AKI was 12±9 days. Across the 14-year period, the crude incidence of AKI declined markedly from 56% to 17% in the extremely preterm group and from 23% to 6% in the very preterm group. After adjustment, a significant decline of AKI incidence was still observed in the extremely preterm group. The declining AKI in the extremely preterm infants was related to the trends of decreasing incidences of neonatal transfer, prolonged aminoglycoside exposure, prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and sepsis.

Conclusions
We observed a declining trend in the incidence of neonatal AKI among extremely preterm infants from 2005 to 2018, which may be related to improvement of care practices.
Batería III Woodcock-Muñoz
Authors: Muñoz-Sandoval A. F. , Woodcock R. W. , McGrew K. S. , Mather N. 
Published: August 2021

Comentario a cargo de la Prof. Ps. Graciela ArdoinoDepartamento de Ciencias Cognitivas y de la Salud.Facultad de Psicología.Universidad Católica del Uruguay
LEER PARA COMPRENDER: DIEZ AÑOS DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE LOS PROCESOS LECTORES
Authors: Cuadro Ariel 
Published: August 2021

La lectura constituye en la actualidad una de las competencia más importante para el desarrollo humano. En la introducción de este monográfi co se señalan las líneas de trabajo que hemos seguido a lo largo de estos diez años de estudios en psicología de lectura y se presentan investigaciones realizadas en nuestro medio y otras, por colegas que nos han visitado a los largo de todos estos años. Sus aportes resultan fundamentales para la comprensión de los procesos de lectura desde una perspectiva cognitiva, brindándonos herramientas que nos permitan educar lectores estratégicos capaces de integrarse en la sociedad del conocimiento.
DIFICULTADES DE APRENDIZAJE DEL CÁLCULO: CONTRIBUCIONES AL DIAGNÓSTICO PSICOPEDAGÓGICO
Authors: Balbi Alejandra , Dansilio Sergio 
Published: August 2021

Existe suficiente evidencia científica sobre la Discalculia del Desarrollo (DD) que describe los procesos cognitivos específicos del cálculo y procesos neuropsicológicos relacionados como la memoria de trabajo y percepción visoespacial. Sin embargo es llamativa su baja identificación diagnóstica en la infancia. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de proporcionar evidencia clínica que contribuya a un diagnóstico riguroso. Se presentarán dos estudios de caso (7 y 8 años) que demuestran a través de pruebas normalizadas y de administración individual, déficits en la comprensión del número y la realización de cálculos elementales, en la percepción visoespacial, atención y memoria de trabajo. Se mostrarán los principales signos que permiten identificar el problema al inicio de la escolarización a efectos de realizar precozmente las orientaciones psicopedagógicas necesarias. La inteligencia es normal de acuerdo a pruebas estándar, la instrucción educativa es adecuada, y se descartan alteraciones sensoriales y emocionales. Estos hallazgos contribuyen en la descripción adecuada de la semiología esperada ante una DD para un adecuado diagnóstico. En los casos descritos, se encuentran perturbaciones visuoespaciales posiblemente relacionadas.
VARIABLES PSICOSOCIALES ASOCIADAS CON CALIDAD DE VIDA RELACIONADA CON LA SALUD EN MUJERES CON CÁNCER DE MAMA POST-CIRUGÍA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Reich Micaela , Remor Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

El cáncer de mama es un tumor maligno que surge de células ubicadas en la mama. Un tumor maligno es un grupo de células neoplásicas que puede desarrollarse e invadir tejido circundante o expandirse en forma de metástasis hacia áreas remotas del cuerpo (American Cancer Society, 2009).El objetivo del presente estudio de revisión sistemática fue identificar entre la bibliografía existente, aquellas publicaciones que estudiaran factores psicosociales como las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés y la sintomatología depresiva que pudieran estar asociados o explicar los resultados en la CVRS en mujeres con cáncer de mama post-cirugía, y pudieran ser modificados a través de la intervención psicosocial. La revisión permitió identificar limitaciones en las investigaciones, y plantear sugerencias para estudios futuros. Los estudios se han clasificado teniendo en cuenta los siguientes criterios: considerando los constructos mencionados en su título, así como que se persiguiera a través del análisis de resultados la predicción de alguna de las variables estudiadas, en forma preponderante respecto del resto de ellas. De cada una se describen las participantes, acciones, y resultados principales. Se discuten las derivaciones de cara a intervenciones psicosociales futuras. Los hallazgos de la presente revisión sugieren que las mujeres con cáncer de mama son vulnerables en tanto su CVRS puede verse afectada, o bien puedan presentar distrés psicológico, y desarrollar sintomatología depresiva. Ciertos estilos de afrontamiento, y ciertas variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, y psicosociales están asociados a un mejor ajuste a la enfermedad.
DEBATS AUTOUR DE LA NORME ET DE LA QUALITE DE LA LANGUE EN MILIEU MINORITAIRE : L’EXEMPLE DE L’ACADIE DU NOUVEAU-BRUNSWICK
Authors: Arrighi Laurence , Urbain Émilie 
Published: August 2021

En nous appuyant sur les discours publiés dans les principaux médias francophones de la région ces cinq dernières années, nous examinons les discours sur la langue française en circulation dans une communauté francophone minoritaire du Canada, l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick. L’objectif de notre article est de dresser un portrait des débats sur la qualité du français et la norme linguistique qui émergent dans cette région caractérisée par l’usage répandu de vernaculaires marqués par la variation linguistique (que ce soit en termes d’archaïsmes, de variation morphosyntaxique ou encore de contact des langues). Dans un contexte minoritaire où les contacts linguistiques avec la langue dominante, l’anglais, sont nombreux et multiformes, les discours sur la qualité du français parlé (ou écrit) dans la région sont politiquement chargés et s’articulent à des questions de nationalisme, de représentation politique et de droit. Notre étude montre ainsi comment les propos sur la langue, qu’ils soient portés par des acteurs sociaux ordinaires ou par des personnalités publiques, donnent à voir des enjeux sociaux, politiques et économiques plus larges. En particulier, nos analyses révèlent que les discours souvent critiques sur le français des Acadiens et des Acadiennes s’articulent fréquemment autour de questions d’accès et de partage des ressources: accès au marché de l’emploi, accès à des services publics, accès à la francophonie internationale et les opportunités de développement économique qu’elle pourrait permettre.