bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid learning approach for the stage‐wise classification and prediction of COVID‐19 X‐ray images
Authors: M. Adimoolam , Govindharaju Karthi , A. John , Mohan Senthilkumar , Ahmadian Ali , Ciano Tiziana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has precipitated global apprehensions about increased fatalities and raised concerns about gaps in healthcare infrastructure and accessibility the world over. Consequently, the importance of timely prediction and treatment of the disease to reduce transmission and mortality rates cannot be emphasized enough. Various symptoms of the disease have been identified as it progresses from the time it is contracted. COVID‐19 has been found to internally affect the lungs, and the four progressive stages of the infection can be categorized as mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Therefore, an accurate analysis of the current stage of the disease that can help predict its progression has become critical. X‐ray imaging has been found to be an effective screening procedure for predicting the various stages of this epidemic. Although many different approaches using machine learning, as well as deep learning were utilized to predict and classify diseases in general, till date, such an approach has not been used to predict the various stages of COVID‐19 by using X‐ray imaging to identify and classify those stages.Materials and methodThe proposed hybrid method used three public datasets for its implementation. In this work, extensive images were used for the purposes of testing and training. The dataset‐1 consists of 1200 COVID‐19 as well as 1200 Non‐COVID‐19 images, while dataset‐2 used 700 COVID‐19 as well as 700 Non‐COVID‐19 images, and finally, dataset‐III utilized 1900 COVID‐19 as well as 1900 Non‐COVID‐19 images for purposes of testing and training. The proposed work undertook the task of pre‐processing using textual and morphological features, while the segmentation and prediction of COVID‐19 as well as Non‐COVID‐19 images were undertaken using VGG‐16 with light GBM for better prediction and handing of huge datasets, and finally, the classification of the various stages of COVID‐19 images was performed using Deep Belief Network.ResultsThe outcomes of the proposed work were subjected to several iterations which were then compared using different parameters such as accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. In general, the prediction and grouping of the various stages of COVID‐19 by using affected images were found to be 99.2%, 99.4% and 99.5%, respectively. The bacterial pneumonia prediction rates were observed to be 98.5%, 99.4% and 98.3%, respectively. The average classification of the stages were found to be 98.1%, 98.6% and 98.3%, while the combined multi‐classification prediction rates were observed to be 98.6%, 99.1% and 98.7%, respectively.
Modelling and analysing the reliability for microservice‐based cloud application based on predicate Petri net
Authors: Liu Zheng , Fan Guisheng , Yu Huiqun , Chen Liqiong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroservice design is a new paradigm of cloud application development. Different from monolithic design, microservice enjoys merits of fine‐grained and loosely coupled services, and it is becoming more and more popular. The application developed with microservice has a good advantage in independent development and flexible deployment, especially for complex distributed systems. However, there is a big gap between the reliability requirements and microservice‐based cloud applications. This article proposes a reliability model of microservice‐based cloud application by using predicate Petri net. First, a microservice reliability requirement is given, some basic concepts of predicate Petri net are defined with syntax and semantics. Second, a microservice reliability strategy is proposed, which uses microservice instances and circuit breaker to improve the reliability of the system. Based on the constructed microservice reliability model, the correctness of predicate Petri net modelling and the effectiveness of the strategies are proven theoretically. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the establishment and analysis process of the model, and several groups of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. Experimental results show that the proposed microservice reliability strategy is effective.
Effect of catalyst layer on fatigue life and fracture mechanisms of fuel cell membrane
Authors: Shi Shouwen , Li Jiayao , Gao Bingshuang , Dai Hailong , Lin Qiang , Chen Xu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane in polymer‐electrolyte fuel cells bears cyclic mechanical stress during humidity cycles under actual operation conditions, and its durability severely influences the life of fuel cells. However, the fatigue failure mechanisms of membranes are still not clear. In order to investigate the effect of catalyst layer on the fatigue life and fatigue fracture mechanisms of PFSA membranes, fatigue tests of Nafion 212 membranes and two catalyst‐coated membranes (CCMs) are conducted. The morphologies of membranes at different stages of fatigue crack initiation and propagation are identified. It is found that crack initiates from both surfaces of Nafion 212 membrane. Compared with Nafion 212 membrane, the fatigue life of single‐sided CCM increases by more than three times, while that of double‐sided CCM increases by 13 times. Such a phenomenon is ascribed to the protection of catalyst layer on membrane surface, which delays fatigue cracks initiation.
Projecting global mariculture production and adaptation pathways under climate change
Authors: Oyinlola Muhammed A. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Wabnitz Colette C. C. , Frölicher Thomas L. , Lam Vicky W. Y. , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe sustainability of global seafood supply to meet increasing demand is facing several challenges, including increasing consumption levels due to a growing human population, fisheries resources over‐exploitation and climate change. Whilst growth in seafood production from capture fisheries is limited, global mariculture production is expanding. However, climate change poses risks to the potential seafood production from mariculture. Here, we apply a global mariculture production model that accounts for changing ocean conditions, suitable marine area for farming, fishmeal and fish oil production, farmed species dietary demand, farmed fish price and global seafood demand to project mariculture production under two climate and socio‐economic scenarios. We include 85 farmed marine fish and mollusc species, representing about 70% of all mariculture production in 2015. Results show positive global mariculture production changes by the mid and end of the 21st century relative to the 2000s under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario with an increase of 17%±5 and 33%±6, respectively. However, under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, an increase of 8%±5 is projected, with production peaking by mid‐century and declining by 16%±5 towards the end of the 21st century. More than 25% of mariculture‐producing nations are projected to lose 40%–90% of their current mariculture production potential under SSP5‐8.5 by mid‐century. Projected impacts are mainly due to the direct ocean warming effects on farmed species and suitable marine areas, and the indirect impacts of changing availability of forage fishes supplies to produce aquafeed. Fishmeal replacement with alternative protein can lower climate impacts on a subset of finfish production. However, such adaptation measures do not apply to regions dominated by non‐feed‐based farming (i.e. molluscs) and regions losing substantial marine areas suitable for mariculture. Our study highlights the importance of strong mitigation efforts and the need for different climate adaptation options tailored to the diversity of mariculture systems, to support climate‐resilient mariculture development.
Gentrification as (settler) colonialism? Moving beyond metaphorical linkages
Authors: Ellis‐Young Margaret 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging discussions on the “settler colonial city” present a new agenda for gentrification research in settler colonial contexts. Accordingly, this paper examines the extent to which the gentrification literature engages with settler colonial dynamics, identifying three overarching approaches. While a small but growing body of literature frames gentrification as a contemporary mechanism of Indigenous erasure, other approaches engage with concepts of settler colonialism in abstraction from contemporary Indigenous life and claims to urban space. The paper argues the persistence of these abstractions undermines the recognition of settler colonial gentrification as Indigenous erasure and limits the current potential for the gentrification literature to contribute to the disruption of settler colonial relations. In response, there is a need for further empirical and theoretical work that attends to the impulse for Indigenous elimination as a unique dimension of gentrification in settler colonial contexts. Insight from literature on the “settler colonial city” underlines the particular importance of extending conceptions of anti‐gentrification resistance to emphasize Indigenous refusal of gentrified futures and examine how (settler‐led) anti‐gentrification responses disrupt or sustain settler colonial relations. These directions provide opportunities to (re)conceptualize gentrification and its responses in ways that address the reproduction of (dis)possessory settler colonial relations while recognizing “the flourishing of Indigenous life” (Dorries, 2019, p. 27).
Pigmented demodicidosis ‐ an under‐recognized cause of facial hyperpigmentation
Authors: Feuerman Hana , Atzmony Lihi , Glick Mirit , Sherman Shany , Snast Igor , Hodak Emmilia , Segal Rina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding demodicidosis‐associated facial hyperpigmentation.ObjectiveTo delineate the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic features of demodicidosis‐associated facial hyperpigmentation.MethodsClinical and diagnostic data were collected from the medical files of patients who were referred to our outpatient dermatology clinic in 2006–2019 for evaluation of facial hyperpigmentation and were diagnosed with demodicidosis.ResultsThe cohort included 19 patients (13 male) aged 42–76 years, all with Fitzpatrick skin type 3–4. All presented with mostly asymptomatic dusky, brown‐gray, facial pigmentation, localized or diffuse with background erythema in 36.8% of cases, and skin roughness in 26.3%. Dermoscopy yielded characteristic findings of white gelatinous or opaque protrusions from hair follicles or infiltration of follicular openings with an amorphic material. A specific finding was perifollicular and reticulated pigmentation of the affected areas. Findings were confirmed on microscopic (n = 7) and histopathologic (n = 5) studies. Anti‐demodectic treatment led to complete (73.6%) or partial (23.4%) resolution of pigmentation within 2 years.ConclusionWe describe unique clinicopathological and dermoscopic findings associated with an under‐recognized type of facial hyperpigmentation caused by demodex for which we propose the term “pigmented demodicidosis.” Demodicidosis should be added to the list of causes of facial hyperpigmentation.
Incidence and mortality of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplantation: A real‐world retrospective analysis in Japan
Authors: Kato Taigo , Yoshida Takahiro , Taniguchi Ayumu , Kawamura Masataka , Nakazawa Shigeaki , Namba‐Hamano Tomoko , Yamanaka Kazuaki , Abe Toyofumi , Kishikawa Hidefumi , Nonomura Norio , Imamura Ryoichi 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a potentially life‐threatening complication that has a greater risk of occurrence in the setting of immunosuppression and oncogenic viral infections after transplant surgery. Few studies have reported the cumulative incidence, histological subtypes and clinical outcomes of this disorder in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 34 post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder patients diagnosed out of the 1210 kidney transplant recipients who had undergone the surgery at the two largest centers in Japan between January 1983 and December 2017.ResultsA total of 32 patients (94.1%) developed late‐onset post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (diagnosed 1 year after transplantation). The cumulative incidence rates were 0.76% and 1.59% at 5 and 10 years post‐transplantation, respectively. The central nervous system was the most common site (35.3%, 12/34). Overall survival was similar between patients with and without central nervous system lesions (P = 0.676). Of all of the cases, 23.5% (8/34) were detected through cancer screening. Importantly, patients with screening‐detected post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder had better overall survival than those with the disorder who had been symptom detected (P = 0.0215). Overall survival was significantly reduced in patients who developed the disorder compared with those who did not (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was more likely to occur in the late post‐transplantation period, which showed that long‐term medical examination for transplant recipients is required. Based on our findings, we propose vigilant, long‐term, cancer screening in kidney transplant recipients.
Unveiling enhanced oxidation resistance and mechanical integrity of multicomponent ultra‐high temperature carbides
Authors: Nisar Ambreen , Dolmetsch Tyler , Paul Tanaji , Sakthivel Tamil Selvan , Zhang Cheng , Boesl Benjamin , Seal Sudipta , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of a new class of multicomponent ultra‐high temperature ceramics (MC‐UHTCs), often referred to as high‐entropy UHTCs, has gained increased interest due to the possibility of improved thermomechanical and oxidation properties. In this study, a systematic approach by gradual addition in the UHTC components ranging from a binary to a dense quaternary (Ta,Nb,Hf,Ti)C is synthesized using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The solid solutioning was the critical factor in homogenizing the composition in the multicomponent system. The segregation of NbC and HfC was seen in binary and ternary UHTC systems, while a single‐phase homogeneity was observed in the quaternary UHTC improving its hardness up to 34.8 GPa. The presence of closely spaced slip lines in the MC‐UHTCs enhances resistance to indentation damage up to 72% at an applied load of 200 N. The formation of complex mixed oxide phase of Hf6Ta2O17 ensued in the lower to negligible oxidation even up to 3 min of plasma exposure with temperature exceeding 2800°C. In sum, though the entropy remains medium (0.96R) for the selected system, the quaternary UHTC system undoubtedly has significantly better thermomechanical performance when compared to established baseline UHTCs. This raises the debate on the justification for calling a multicomponent system a “high entropy” to be seen in a new light. The developed MC‐UHTCs elicits the paradigm of this new class of UHTCs expanding their potential in thermal protection systems for hypersonic applications.
Abdominal volume index trajectories and risk of diabetes mellitus: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Hu Xiangming , Appleton Allison A , Ou Yanqiu , Zhang Ying , Cai Anping , Zhou Yingling , Dong Haojian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionAbdominal obesity is a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, but trajectories of abdominal obesity over time and incident diabetes mellitus have not been considered. We derived trajectories of abdominal volume index (AVI) over 16 years of follow up, and examined the associations between AVI trajectories and risk of diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsData were used from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and 5,267 participants were enrolled to fit the trajectory of AVI by using latent class growth models. Multivariate logistic regression models explored the relationship between different AVI trajectories and risk of diabetes mellitus. In addition, we examined the slope of the AVI trajectories in relation to age to identify appropriate life course intervention opportunities for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.ResultsThree trajectories were derived reflecting graded categories in the speed and slope of increase in AVI over time: slow, intermediate and fast increase group, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratios for diabetes mellitus among those in the intermediate and fast increase groups were 1.81 (95% confidence interval 1.37–2.38, P < 0.001) and 2.80 (95% confidence interval 1.85–4.24, P < 0.001) respectively, relative to the slow increase group. The distribution of AVI slope in the slow increase group showed an inverted "U" shape, whereas the fast increase group presented a "U" shape.ConclusionsAVI trajectory is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. These results provide new insights on the relationship between abdominal adiposity and diabetes mellitus, which in turn can help improve clinical and public health intervention for diabetes mellitus prevention.
Clinical presentation, treatment, and genetic and histopathological analysis of juvenile cataracts and secondary glaucoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Casanova M. Isabel , Chen Rui , Garzel Laura M. , Olstad Katherine J. , Kim Soohyun , Harris Ronald Alan , Li Yumei , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Liang Qingnan , Wang Jun , Yiu Glenn , Stout John Timothy , Roberts Jeffrey A. , Rogers Jeffrey , Moshiri Ala , Thomasy Sara M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis report describes the clinical and histological findings, genetic study, and treatment in a 1.3‐year‐old rhesus macaque with bilateral cataracts and unilateral secondary glaucoma. Intravitreal injection of gentamicin decreased the intraocular pressure from 56 to <2 mm Hg. A putative genetic cause of the cataracts was not identified.
Improving cancer care locally: Study of a hospital affiliate network model
Authors: Gao Xiang , Schroeder Mary C. , Lizarraga Ingrid M. , Tolle Cheri L. , Mullett Timothy W. , Charlton Mary E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network (MCCAN) increased access to high‐quality cancer care for patients treated in community hospitals across the state by leveraging the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) standards to improve quality among its member sites. This study describes the network activities and services identified as most helpful or effective to its members, as well as the perceived value of joining MCCAN or pursing accreditation.MethodsAn independent research team conducted in‐depth, semistructured interviews with 18 administrators and clinicians from 10 MCCAN hospitals in 2019. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted.FindingsNetwork affiliation and CoC accreditation were perceived as helpful to improving quality of care. Having both clinician and administrative champions were key facilitators to achieving CoC standards and made mentoring of member sites a critical activity of the Network. Other components identified as valuable and/or key to the Network's success included providing access to specific CoC‐required clinical services (eg, genetic counseling); offering regular performance monitoring and individualized feedback; establishing a culture of quality improvement; and fostering trust within the Network with patient referrals (ie, sending patients back to their local hospital for ongoing care).ConclusionsQuality improvement in community cancer programs is challenging but several strategies were identified by members as valuable and effective. Efforts to disseminate the MCCAN model should focus on identifying the needs of community hospitals, implementing a quality monitoring system, and fostering site‐level champions who can be influential drivers of change.
Scent, rather than fur pattern, determines predation of mice: an in‐the‐wild experiment with plasticine mouse models
Authors: Bocz R. , Batáry P. , Purger J. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus and striped field mouse A. agrarius are the most abundant mouse species in Central Europe coexisting in several habitats not only such as in forests but also in rural and urban areas. Their basic colours are similar, but the striped field mouse has a pronounced black stripe on its back. The biological function of this phenotypic difference is unexplored; therefore, our goal was to study the impact of fur pattern as well as the scent on the survival of these species. In our study, we used plasticine models mimicking wood mouse and striped field mouse. For imitating mouse scent, cotton pads saturated with mouse urine were placed under the models. In spring 2016, 200 plasticine mice divided into four types (non‐striped with scent, non‐striped without scent, striped with scent, striped without scent) were placed randomly in four sampling sites in the mid‐sized city, Pécs, Hungary. During 4 weeks of exposure, we recorded predation on 71 plasticine models. Birds (51%) and large mammals (25%) were the most common predators, and in 24% of the cases, the models disappeared. Considering predation only by large mammals, we found that the daily survival rate of both striped and non‐striped models with scent decreased in comparison to models without scent. Thus, large mammalian predators could discover plasticine models sooner than avian predators, which suggests a strong impact of scent. Despite the high rate of bird predation, we did not detect an effect of fur pattern suggesting that it may not be related to survival but might have other functional roles. With the dummy mouse experiment, we showed that fur pattern may play a minor role in mice detection by predators, thus further studies are needed to discover its ecological function.
The pace of modern life, revisited
Authors: Sanderson Sarah , Beausoleil Marc‐Olivier , O’Dea Rose E. , Wood Zachary T. , Correa Cristian , Frankel Victor , Gorné Lucas D. , Haines Grant E. , Kinnison Michael T. , Oke Krista B. , Pelletier Fanie , Pérez‐Jvostov Felipe , Reyes‐Corral Winer D. , Ritchot Yanny , Sorbara Freedom , Gotanda Kiyoko M. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWild populations must continuously respond to environmental changes or they risk extinction. Those responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change, which can allow us to predict contemporary adaptive responses, some of which are evolutionary. About two decades ago, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled. Since then, researchers have used (and expanded) this database to examine phenotypic responses to specific types of human disturbance. Here, we update the database by adding 5675 new estimates of phenotypic change. Using this newer version of the data base, now containing 7338 estimates of phenotypic change, we revisit the conclusions of four published articles. We then synthesize the expanded database to compare rates of change across different types of human disturbance. Analyses of this expanded database suggest that: (i) a small absolute difference in rates of change exists between human disturbed and natural populations, (ii) harvesting by humans results in higher rates of change than other types of disturbance, (iii) introduced populations have increased rates of change, and (iv) body size does not increase through time. Thus, findings from earlier analyses have largely held‐up in analyses of our new database that encompass a much larger breadth of species, traits, and human disturbances. Lastly, we use new analyses to explore how various types of human disturbances affect rates of phenotypic change, and we call for this database to serve as a steppingstone for further analyses to understand patterns of contemporary phenotypic change.