bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) Phosphate by the Synergistic Effect of Persulfate and Zero-valent Iron During a Mechanochemical Process
Authors: Qiao Weichuan , Yang Qiwen , Qian Yi , Zhang Ziyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study revealed a dual pathway for the degradation of tris (1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate (TCPP) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) and persulfate as co-milling agents in a mechanochemical (MC) process. Persulfate was activated with ZVI to degrade TCPP in a planetary ball mill. After milling for 2 h, 96.5% of the TCPP was degraded with the release of 63.16, 50.39 and 42.01% of the Cl−, SO42− and PO43−, respectively. In the first degradation pathway, persulfate was activated with ZVI to produce hydroxyl (·OH) radicals and ZVI is oxidized to Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ). A substitution reaction occurred as a result of the attack of ·OH on the P–O–C bonds, leading to the successive breakage of the three P–O–C bonds in TCPP to produce PO43−. In the second pathway, a C–Cl bond in part of the TCPP molecule was oxidized by SO4·− to carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The P–O–C bonds continued to react with ·OH to produce PO43−. Finally, the intermediate organochloride products were further reductively dechlorinated by ZVI. However, the synergistic effect of the oxidation (·OH and SO4·−) and the reduction reaction (ZVI) did not completely degrade TCPP to CO2, resulting in a low mineralization rate (35.87%). Moreover, the intermediate products still showed the toxicities in LD50 and developmental toxicant. In addition, the method was applied for the degradation of TCPP in soil, and high degradations (>83.83%) were achieved in different types of soils.Speciality: Phosphorus flame retardants; Advanced oxidation process; Ball milling
Use of Intravenous Lidocaine for Dose Reduction of Propofol in Paediatric Colonoscopy Patients: a Randomised Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Yao Wenshui , Zhang Longxin , Lu Guolin , Wang Jing , Zhang Li , Wang Yuping , Xiao Peihan , Chen Xiaofen , Chen Chanjuan , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Propofol, a widely used sedative in endoscopic procedures, often causes cardiopulmonary complications. Intravenous lidocaine can diminish visceral pain and decrease the dose of propofol. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine in reducing propofol dosage during paediatric colonoscopy.Methods: Forty children who underwent colonoscopy were divided into two groups. Lidocaine hydrochloride (1.5 mg/kg induction and 2 mg/kg/h maintenance) was given intravenously to the lidocaine group, and the same amount of saline was given to the control group after they received lidocaine induction. Propofol initial plasma concentration of 5 μg/mL was targeted, and the procedure was performed after the bispectral index value reached 55. The primary outcome was propofol requirement. Results: The propofol requirement in the lidocaine group was decreased by 35.5% (128.6 ± 30.4 mg vs. 199.4 ± 57.6 mg; p < 0.001; 95%CI: -100.60, -41.02). The incidence of involuntary body movements was significantly lower in the lidocaine group (p = 0.028; OR = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.92). The awakening time (p < 0.001; 95%CI: -7.67, -5.13) and recovery times (p < 0.001; 95%CI: -7.45, -4.35) were significantly lower in the lidocaine group. Pain was significantly less at 30 min and 60 min after the procedure in the lidocaine group (0 [0 – 4] vs. 3 [0 – 5], p < 0. 001; 0 [0 – 2] vs. 1 [0 – 3], p < 0.001). The mean lowest blood pressure during the procedure in the control group was significantly lower (p = 0.027; 95%CI: 0.44, 6.86). There was no difference in the incidence of bradycardia, hypotension, or hypoxia between the two groups.Conclusions: For colonoscopy procedures in paediatric patients, intravenous lidocaine reduces the amount of propofol needed, provides better sedation and postprocedural pain management, as well as a reduction in recovery time.Trial registration: The trial was registered on November 6, 2020 at China Clinical Trials Registration Center (www.chictr.org.cn) ref: ChiCTR 2000039706.
Assessment of researches and case studies on Cloud Manufacturing: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Morelli Daniel Alexandre , Ignacio Paulo Sergio de Arruda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cloud computing technology has been studied in the context of industry 4.0 as a tool applied to manufacturing services and resources. Such concept is widely known as Cloud Manufacturing. This paper aims at mapping the current state of academic researches on this field, promoting the understanding of trends, references and practical applications in real-life conditions. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using two different databases – Scopus and Web of Sciences – and VOSviewer’s text mining tools and techniques. From a sample of 1,420 papers, this study identified the countries which had the largest volume of publications, the main journals related to the subject, the most influent articles, and four clusters by keywords occurrences: (i) “Optimization of manufacturing processes”, (ii) “Collaborative networks of manufacturing resources and services”, (iii) “Industry 4.0 and cloud computing systems”, and (iv) “Data reliability and cyber-security”. Finally, this work selected and analyzed the 159 articles with applied case studies, in order to stratify and to understand the most common approaches within the four pre-established categories. This article can contribute to researchers and developers searching for successful practical applications in digitalization of manufacturing chains, as well as to those who are looking for gaps in the still unexplored fields of Cloud Manufacturing. Both the assessment and the categorization of the case studies about Cloud Manufacturing are the differentials in this article.
Enhanced Performance of Photocatalytic Treatment of Congo Red Wastewater by CNTs-Ag Modified TiO2 Under Visible Light
Authors: Yang Yuewei , Liu Kai , Sun Fengfei , Liu Yanyan , Chen Junfeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the treatment efficiency of printing and dyeing wastewater, the carbon nanotubes -silver modified -titanium dioxide (CNTs-Ag-TiO2, CAT) ternary composite was prepared by a mechanical mixing method. It was found that the morphology of the prepared CAT sample was uniformly coated with strips of CNTs, speckled Ag and lumpy TiO2.The (002) crystal plane of CNTs, the (101) crystal plane of TiO2 and the (111) crystal plane of Ag were observed, which possessed functional groups such as Ti-OH and Ti-O-C, indicating that the prepared CAT sample had photocatalytic reaction sites. The visible light utilization of titanium dioxide can be improved. The treatment effect of different proportions of CNTs-Ag-TiO2 on Congo red wastewater was tested, and the results showed that the optimum degradation effect of Congo red wastewater was CNTs: Ag = 10:1, and the treated amount of CNTs/Ag was 15%, and the removal rate of Congo red wastewater could reach 100% within 140min. The excellent removal effect of CAT ternary composite on Congo red wastewater provided a new idea and way for the modification of TiO2 and its composites for the potential of organic dyes degradation.
Abattoir-Based Serological Surveillance for Transboundary and Zoonotic Diseases in Cattle and Swine in Cambodia: A Pilot Study in Phnom Phen Province During 2019 and 2020.
Authors: Siengsanan-Lamont Jarunee , Tum Sothyra , Kong Lida , Selleck Paul W. , Gleeson Laurence J. , Blacksell Stuart D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A pilot animal disease surveillance program was implemented at four abattoirs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia between October 2019 to January 2020. A total of 1,141 samples were collected from 477 cattle and 664 swine. Serological testing was performed using commercial antibody ELISA kits for zoonotic and high impact animal diseases, namely brucellosis, Q fever, CSF, PRRS and ASF. Only two samples tested positive for brucella antibodies (0.2% (0.4, 0.6), n = 1,141). The seroprevalences of Q fever was 0.8% (0.3, 2.1, n = 477) in the cattle samples while CSF, PRRS and ASF in pigs were 55.4% (51.6, 59.2, n = 655), 81.2% (78.1, 84.0, n = 655) and 2.6% (1.6, 4.1, n = 664), respectively. All 38 doubtful and 17 positive ASF antibody ELISA samples were negative when tested by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the factors that were significantly associated with positive results of Q fever was sampling date (p-value = 0.04), and for ASF was the location of the abattoir (p-value = 0.002). Significant risk factors for both CSF and PRRS were the province of origin of the animals (CSF: p-value = 0.002; PRRS: p-value = 0.004) and sample collection month (CSF: p-value = 1.6 x 10− 6 ; PRRS: p-value = 4.8 x 10− 13). In conclusion, the prevalence of zoonotic diseases tested for in this study were very low. The high prevalences of CSF and PRRS antibodies were most likely the result of vaccination. All ASF seropositive pigs, including those that gave equivocal results, originated from large-scale Cambodian-based commercial farms, as well as Thailand, which raises questions about possible illegal vaccination or low-pathogenicity ASF variants. The pilot abattoir serosurveillance program described here has the potential to provide a sentinel for incursions of novel and endemic pathogens although further work is required to demonstrate its capacity to provide information on the longitudinal disease trends.
Environmental assessment of MSW collection/transport using biomethane in mid-sized metropolitan areas of developing countries
Authors: Ramalho José Carlos Martins , Calmon João Luiz , Colvero Diogo Appel , Siman Renato Ribeiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The novelty of this paper is the focus solely on MSW collection/transport in mid-sized metropolitan regions of developing countries, using biomethane (which can be supplied by the MSW management system) an alternative fuel and different waste collection methods. The eight proposed scenarios, compared to the baseline scenario, combine diesel and biowaste, doorto-door and bring collection methods, as well as two different levels of sourceseparated collection. The results have shown if the collection vehicles use biomethane, the impacts will always be significantly lower than using diesel (between 68–98%, depending on the impact category and scenario), even accounting with the uncertainty of the results. In this particular case-study, increasing source-separated collection also reduced the transport impacts in 40–50%, as the transfer stations are closer to the recycling facilities than the landfills. This is because the fuel consumption of transport is a function of distance, so is the impact. Therefore, this study recommends: using biomethane produced from anaerobic digestion of organic waste instead of diesel to expand circular MSW management; establishing transfer stations for the municipalities located more than 25 km away from waste management facilities; expanding the collection coverage to 100%; increasing sourceseparated collection and recycling.
Biocides in Antifouling Paint Formulations Currently Registered For Use
Authors: Paz-Villarraga César Augusto , Castro Ítalo Braga , Fillmann Gilberto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released into the aquatic environments also affecting several non-target organisms and, thus, compromising ecosystems. Despite global efforts to investigate the environment occurrence and toxicity of biocides currently used in antifouling paints, the specific active ingredients that have been used in commercial products are poorly known. Thus, the present study assessed the frequencies of occurrence and relative concentrations of biocides in antifouling paint formulations registered for marketing worldwide. The main data were obtained from databases of governmental agencies, business associations and safety data sheets from paint manufacturers around the world. Results pointed out for 25 active ingredients currently used as biocides, where up to six biocides have been simultaneously used in the examined formulations. Cuprous oxide, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, zineb, DCOIT and cuprous thiocyanate were the most frequently ones, with mean relative concentrations of 35.9±12.8 %, 2.9±1.6 %, 4.0±5.3 %, 5.4±2.0 %, 1.9±1.9 % and 18.1±8.0 % (w/w) of respective biocide present in the antifouling paint formulations. Surprisingly, antifouling paints containing TBT as active ingredient are still being registered for commercialization nowadays. These results can be applied as a proxy of biocides that are possibly being used by antifouling systems and, consequently, released into the aquatic environment, which can help to prioritize the active ingredients that should be addressed in future studies.
Myopia Progress and Related Factors in School-Aged Children in Qingdao
Authors: An Meng , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Che Chengye , Zhang Jie , Sun Jintao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeObjective to investigate the progress and related factors for myopia in school-aged children in the Economic and Technological Development Zone of Qingdao. MethodsA total of 320 myopic students (aged 10-15 years; grade 3 to 8), who were willing to cooperate for a long time follow-up, were enrolled in the longitudinal survey. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination included uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and cycloplegic autorefraction in January 2017 and 2019, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, the information of near work, outdoor activities and other related factors were collected through a questionnaire. Qualified questionnaires were obtained in 296 (92.50%) students. All the data were entered, cleaned and analyzed by EpiData3.0. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for data general description, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results1. The baseline mean spherical equivalent of all students decreased from -2.29±1.16D in 2017 to -3.45±1.34D at the end of 2 years follow-up in 2019. The annual average growth of myopia was -0.58D (t=7.708, P<0.001). The growth rate of myopia in Grade 6 was faster than that in other grades, and the difference was statistically significant (F=8.236, P=0.003). 2. Both boys and girls showed significant myopia progress after 2 year follow-up. (Boys: t=6.342, P<0.001; Girls: t=4.888, P<0.001). However, we have not found significant difference in the growth rate between them.3. The proportion of two myopic parent was the highest in this sample, followed by one myopic parent, and no myopic parent was the lowest (c2=27.919, P<0.001). 4. The higher the grade, the more time the students spend on near work (F=2.988, P=0.012) and the less time they spend on outdoor activities. (F=2.290, P=0.046). We did not find that the myopia progression was related with Age, Sex, Parent myopia, Near work time and Outdoor activity time.ConclusionsIn this study, the Grade 6 adolescents had relatively rapid progression for myopia than other age groups. There was no significant difference in the progression of myopia between girls and boys. We did not find that the progression of myopia was related with Age, Sex, Parental myopia, Near work time and Outdoor activities time.
Oral Hydration as a Safe Prophylactic Measure To Prevent Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury in Oncologic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (IIIb) Referred for Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography: Subanalysis of The Oncological Group of The NICIR Study.
Authors: Sebastia Carmen , Páez-Carpio Alfredo , Guillen Elena , Paño Blanca , Arnaiz JoanAlbert , de Francisco Angel Luís , Nicolau Carlos , Oleaga Laura 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to evaluate oral hydration compared to intravenous (i.v.) hydration in the prevention of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in the oncologic subgroup of patients with stage IIIb chronic kidney disease (CKD) included in the NICIR study referred for elective contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT).
Material and Methods
We performed a retrospective subanalysis of the oncological subgroup (174/228 patients, 74%) from a continuous prospective database of patients included in the recently published non-inferiority NICIR study. Patients received prophylaxis against PC-AKI with either oral hydration (500 mL of water two hours before and 2000 mL during the 24 hours after CE-CT) or i.v. hydration (sodium bicarbonate (166 mmol/L)3 mL/kg/h starting one hour before and 1 mL/kg/h during the first hour after CE-CT). The primary outcome was to compare the proportion of PC-AKI in the first 48 to 72 hours after CE-CT in the two hydration groups. Secondary outcomes were to compare persistent PC-AKI, the need for hemodialysis, and the occurrence of adverse events related to prophylaxis in each group.
Results
Of 174 patients included in the subanalysis, 82 received oral hydration and 92 received i.v. hydration. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics or risk factors between the two study arms. Overall the PC-AKI rate was 4.6% (8/174 patients), being 3.7% in the oral hydration arm (3/82 patients) and 5.4% (5/92 patients) in the i.v. hydration arm. The persistent PC-AKI rate was 1.8% (1/82 patients) in the oral hydration arm and 3.3% (3/92 patients) in the i.v. hydration arm. No patient required dialysis during the first month after CE-CT or had adverse effects related to the hydration regime.
Conclusion
In oncological patients with stage IIIb CKD referred for elective CE-CT, the rate of PC-AKI in those receiving oral hydration did not significantly differ from that of patients receiving i.v. hydration.
Fecal Microbiota Analysis Exploring Taxonomic Diversity of Hindgut Microbial Communities in Kasaragod Dwarf and Holstein Friesian Cattle
Authors: M Deepthi , Arvind Kumar , Saxena Rituja , Pulikkan Joby , U Shamjana , Sharma Vineet K , Grace Tony 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The indigenous cattle are efficient in converting low quality feeds and forage into animal products. Kasaragod Dwarf (K-Dwarf) cattle, a non-descriptive native cattle variety of Kerala, are noted for their unique qualities, like short stature, low feed intake, thermotolerance, greater resistance to diseases and A2 allelic variant milk. This study hypothesizes that K-Dwarf cow relies on their unique hindgut microbes to ferment the low quality feeds into the efficient animal product. To compare and contrast this unique microbiota and their relationship between the host, we performed microbial profiling of the two genetically distinct cattle-type viz., K-Dwarf, and Holstein utilizing 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Principle Coordinate Analysis using weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance matrices showed significantly distinct clustering of K-Dwarf microbial community compared to Holstein, implying the distinct microbial architecture that K-Dwarf harbors. The dissimilarities observed between the two cattle types were further revealed from the signature taxa identified in each cattle type following Random Forest analysis. In addition, the study observed the predominance of feed efficiency associated genera viz., Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, Roseburia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, Paludibacter, Elusimicrobium, Sutterella, Oribacterium, Coprobacillus, and Ruminobacter in K-Dwarf cattle. The study highlights the abundance of unique and beneficial hindgut microflora found in K-Dwarf, which may attest its importance over exotic cattle breeds viz., Holstein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K-Dwarf cattle gut microbiome profiling. Further molecular characterization is solicited to better understand the microbial role in the conversion of low-quality feeds into more efficient animal products, a well-defined characteristic of indigenous cattle.
Inter-Operator Reliability of an Onsite Machine Learning-Based Prototype to Estimate Ct Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Han Yushui , Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim , Schwemmer Chris , Cocker Myra , Alnabelsi Talal S , Saad Jean michel , Giraldo Juan C Ramirez , Al-Mallah Mouaz H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Advances in computed tomography (CT) and machine learning have enabled on-site non-invasive assessment of fractional flow reserve (FFRCT). Purpose: To assess the inter-operator variability of Coronary CT Angiography–derived FFRCT using a machine learning based post-processing prototype.Materials and Methods: We included 60 symptomatic patients who underwent coronary CT angiography. FFRCT was calculated by 2 independent operators after training using a machine learning based on-site prototype. FFRCT was measured 1 cm distal to the coronary plaque or in the middle of the segments if no coronary lesions were present. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate inter-operator variability effect in FFRCT estimates. Sensitivity analysis was done by cardiac risk factors, degree of stenosis and image quality. Results: A total of 535 coronary segments in 60 patients were assessed. The overall ICC was 0.986 per patient (95% CI: 0.977 - 0.992) and 0.972 per segment (95% CI: 0.967 - 0.977). The absolute mean difference in FFRCT estimates was 0.012 per patient (95% CI for limits of agreement: -0.035 - 0.039) and 0.02 per segment (95% CI for limits of agreement: -0.077 - 0.080). Tight limits of agreement were seen on Bland-Altman analysis. Distal segments had greater variability compared to proximal/mid segments (absolute mean difference 0.011 vs 0.025, p<0.001). Results were similar on sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: A high degree of inter-operator reproducibility can be achieved by onsite machine learning based FFRCT assessment. Future research is required to evaluate the physiological relevance and prognostic value of FFRCT.