bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the deventilation syndrome in COPD patients treated with non-invasive ventilation: a prospective, controlled, non-blinded study
Authors: Lüthgen Mareike , Rüller Stephan , Herzmann Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a recommended treatment for COPD patients suffering from chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Prolonged dyspnea after mask removal in the morning, often referred to as deventilation syndrome, is a common side effect but has been poorly characterized yet. This study aimed to explore the pathomechanism, identify risk factors and possible treatment strategies for the deventilation syndrome.
Methods

A prospective, controlled, non-blinded study was conducted. After a night with established NIV therapy, the patients underwent spirometry, blood gas analyses and 6-minute walking tests (6MWT) directly, at two and four hours after mask removal. Dyspnea was measured by the modified Borg scale. Bodyplethysmography and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires were used. Patients suffering from deventilation syndrome (defined as dyspnea of at least three points on the Borg scale after mask removal) were treated with non-invasive pursed lip breathing ventilation (PLBV) during the second night of the study.
Results

Eleven of 31 patients included (35%) met the given criteria for a deventilation syndrome. They reported significantly more dyspnea on the Borg scale directly after mask removal (mean: 7.2 ± 1.0) compared to measurement after two hours (4.8 ± 2.6; p = 0.003). Initially, mean inspiratory vital capacity was significantly reduced (VCmax: 46 ± 16%) compared to two hours later (54 ± 15%; p = 0.002), while no changes in pulse oximetry or blood gas analysis were observed. Patients who suffered from a deventilation syndrome had a significantly higher mean airway resistance (Reff: 320 ± 88.5%) than the patients in the control group (253 ± 147%; p = 0.021). They also scored significantly lower on the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire (SRI; mean: 37.6 ± 10.1 vs 50.6 ± 16.7, p = 0.027). After one night of ventilation in PLBV mode, mean morning dyspnea decreased significantly to 5.6 ± 2.0 compared to 7.2 ± 1.0 after established treatment (p = 0.019) and mean inspiratory vital capacity increased from 44 ± 16.0% to 48 ± 16.3 (p = 0.040).
Conclusions

The deventilation syndrome is a serious side effect of NIV in COPD patients, associated with lower HRQoL. Our data suggests that it is most likely caused by dynamic hyperinflation. Patients with high airway resistance are at greater risk of suffering from morning dyspnea. Ventilation in PLBV mode may prevent or improve the deventilation syndrome.
Trial registration

The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00016941) at 04 April 2019, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS
Zoonotic Enteroparasites of Macaca Fascicularis In Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Chavez Geneva Carla S. , Paller Vachel Gay , Lorica Renee P. , Dimalibot Judeline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The expansion of ecotourism and forest encroachment in the Philippines creates a high-risk interface where human-macaque interactions occur at rates were cross-species transmission of disease may occur more frequently than previously known. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park is a prime tourist destination in the country where long-tailed macaques live as commensals to humans. This study was conducted to assess zoonotic enteroparasites of Macaca fascicularis to determine their prevalence in the extant population. Fecal samples were collected during two-kilometer transect walks whilst opportunistic sampling was also conducted in the park proper where there is high tourist traffic. Among protozoans, Entamoeba coli showed the highest prevalence (34.29%), followed by Entamoeba spp. and Iodamoeba butschlii (31.43%), Endolimax nana (28.57%), Blastocystis sp. (22.86%), Chilomastix mesnili Entamoeba polecki (20%), and Giardia intestinalis (8.57%). From the helminth group, hookworm larva was the most prevalent (40%), followed by hookworm/strongylids ova (34.29%), Strongyloides sp. larva (28.57%), T. trichiura (20%), Ascaris sp. (11.43%), and lastly, Hymenolepis nana and Enterobius vermicularis (2.86%). This study demonstrates the importance of long-tailed macaques in the transmission of enteroparasites in an environment where there is frequent contact between nonhuman primates and people.
Time Difference Between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai Earthquakes Estimated from Distant Tsunami Waveforms on the West Coast of North America
Authors: Kusumoto Satoshi , Imai Kentaro , Hori Takane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We estimated the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes from tidal records of two tide gauge stations (San Francisco and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The first signals of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami were apparent, whereas those of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami were obscured by the later waves of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami. Waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami simulated with non-linear dispersive wave theory by assuming an origin time of 07:00 GMT on 24 December arrived earlier than in the observations. The normalized root mean square and the misfit between the simulated and observed waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami showed a time difference between them of approximately 0.4 h. This finding suggests that the actual origin time of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami was approximately 07:24 GMT on 24 December. A previous study estimated the origin time of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami to be about 00:30 GMT on 23 December. Thus, we concluded that the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai tsunamis was 30.9 h. Despite the significant difference in the time resolution between the seasonal timekeeping system used in Japan in 1854 and waveform digitization, our result is roughly in agreement with historical descriptions of the tsunamis, suggesting that such information can be effectively used to determine the origin times of historical earthquakes.
Effects of Austempering on the Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of AISI 1018 Steel
Authors: Adigun Oluwole Daniel , Bodude Muyideen Adebayo , Adigun Aanuoluwapo Rebecca , Obadele Babatunde Abiodun , Adebayo Abdullahi Olawale , Umunakwe Reginald , Kolawole Funsho Olaitan , Borisade Sunday Gbenga 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of austempering on the microstructure, mechanical properties (micro hardness, impact energy and tensile strength) and corrosion behaviours of AISI 1018 low carbon steel were evaluated. The steel specimens were subjected to heat treatment by austenitizing at 830°C, maintained in this condition for 90 min before rapid cooling in a NaNO3 salt bath sustained at 300°C for isothermal transformation for additional 50 min and finally allowed to air cool to room temperature. The as-received and the austempered samples were tested for corrosion in both 0.5M aqueous acidic (HCl) and 0. 5M alkaline (NaOH) media. Microstructural investigation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals transformation from ferrite/pearlite phases to bainite over the austempering process. Interestingly, significant improvements of 15.7% to 95.7% in the various mechanical properties (micro hardness, impact energy and tensile strength) and corrosion resistance in both media were observed.
A Data Calibration Method of Micro Air Quality Detector Based on LASSO Regression and NARX Neural Network Combined Model
Authors: Liu Bing , Jin Yueqiang , Xu Dezhi , Wang Yishu , Li Chaoyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Studies have shown that there is a certain correlation between air pollution and various human diseases, especially lung diseases, so it is very meaningful to monitor the concentration of pollutants in the air. Compared with the national air quality monitoring station (national control point), the micro air quality detector has the advantage that it can monitor the concentration of pollutants in real time and grid, but its measurement accuracy needs to be improved. In this paper, the measurement data of the micro air quality detector is calibrated with the help of the LASSO regression and NARX neural network combination (LASSO-NARX) model using the data measured by the national control point. First, correlation analysis is used to test whether the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants and its influencing factors is significant. Second, LASSO regression is used to give the quantitative relationship between pollutant concentration and various influencing factors. Third, the predicted value of each pollutant concentration in the LASSO regression model and the measurement data of the micro air quality detector are used as input variables, and the LASSO-NARX model is constructed using the NARX neural network. Finally, several indicators such as Root Mean Square Error, goodness of fit, Mean Absolute Error and Relative Mean Absolute Percent Error are used to compare various air quality models. The results show that the prediction results of the LASSO-NARX model are not only better than the LASSO model alone and the NARX model alone, but also better than the commonly used multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural network. The LASSO-NARX model performed equally well on the training set and test set, indicating that the model has excellent generalization capabilities. Using this model to calibrate the measurement data of the micro air quality detector can increase the accuracy by 61.3% to 91.7%.
Type-2 Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Mandami System to Evaluate Quality Features
Authors: Dorantes Pascual Noradino Montes , Méndez Gerardo Maximiliano , Gómez Marco Aurelio Jiménez , Santoyo Adriana Mexicano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents type-1 and type-2 radial basis function networks to evaluate quality features. The proposed methodology fuses the central composite design and the radial basis function neural networks in type-1 or interval type-2 model to generate a network that evaluates quality features in an industrial image processing. The advantages of this proposal include that training is not required to get an accurate result and that the generation of the fuzzy rule base using central composite design method and statistical indicators is simplified. Another advantage is the excellent results obtained with the proposal. Experimentation shows an error reduction of 90% when the interval type 2 Mandami Radial basis function neural network compared against its type-1 counterpart using the Gaussian membership functions onto a radial basis function network.
An Overview of Meta-Analysis for the Importance of the Overexpression of Detoxification Genes in Insecticide Resistance
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wilson Alan E. , Liu Nannan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Insect-borne diseases, such as malaria, and plant pathogens, like the tobacco mosaic virus, are responsible for human deaths and poor crop yields in communities around the world. The use of insecticides has been one of the major tools in the insect pest control. However, the development of insecticide resistance has been a major problem in the control of insect pest populations that threaten the health of both humans and plants. The overexpression of detoxification genes is thought to be one of the major mechanisms through which pests develop resistance to insecticides. Hundreds of research papers have explored how overexpressed detoxification genes increase the resistance status of insects to an insecticide in recent years; this study is, for the first, a synthesis of these research data aimed at (1) examining the overexpression of metabolic detoxification genes and their involvement in increased levels of resistance to different insecticides in diverse insect species, including agriculturally and medically important insect species. While (2) seeking to determine if the overexpression detoxification genes are most responsible for insecticide resistance in insect pests in general. The strongly correlated with increased levels of insecticide resistance were observed in tested insects with the cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and esterase gene superfamilies confirming that the overexpression of detoxification genes is indeed involved in insecticide metabolism of insects, including medical (e.g., mosquito and housefly) and agricultural (e.g., planthopper and caterpillar) insect pests.
CRP Detection Using Gold Nanosensors – Effect of Layer Thickness and Immobilization Chemistry
Authors: Kastner Stephan , Pritzke Pia , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The immobilization of a capture molecule represents a crucial step for effective usage of gold nanoparticles in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based bioanalytics. Depending on the immobilization method used, the resulting capture layer is of varying thickness. Thus, the target binding event takes place in different distances to the gold surface. Using the example of a C-reactive protein (CRP) immunoassay, different immobilization methods were tested and investigated with regard to their resulting target signal strength. The dependency of the target signal on the distance to the gold surface was investigated utilizing polyelectrolyte bilayers of different thickness. It could be experimentally demonstrated how much the LSPR-shift triggered by a binding event on the gold nanoparticles decreases with increasing distance to the gold surface. Thus, the sensitivity of an LSPR assay is influenced by the choice of immobilization chemistry.
Acaricidal Activity of UV-C irradiation on Tetranychus urticae and eggs using pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser
Authors: Gala Jean-Luc , Rebane Ott , Ambroise Jérôme , Babichenko Sergey , Nyabi Omar , Hance Thierry 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

While pulsed UV-C light sources such as excimer lasers are used in emerging non-thermal food decontamination method, they also have a high potential for a wide range of other microbial decontamination applications. The acaricidal effect of an experimental UV-C irradiation device was assessed using two-spotted spider mite female adults Tetranychus urticae and eggs as a model.
Methods

The UV-C light source was generated by a pulsed krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser operating at 248 nm emission wavelength. Pulse energy and pulse repetition rate were 5mJ, and up to 100Hz rate, respectively. Distance from light source to target was 150 mm with a target surface of 21.6 cm². The exposure time of the mite and fresh eggs varied from 1 to 4 minutes at a power of 300 mW. The post-irradiation acaricidal effects (mites’ mortality) were assessed immediately and measured 24 h post-irradiation. Effects on the hatchability of irradiated eggs were observed daily post-irradiation for up to 12 days.
Results

The mortality of mites observed with an energy amount of 5 and 40 mJ/mm² was 26% and 90%, respectively. The mortality at 80 mJ/mm² reached 99%. The effect of exposure duration on mortality was minimal. The effect of irradiation of eggs hatchability was even more important, with about 100% mortality with as little as 5 mJ/mm² for each exposure time.
Conclusions

A high mite mortality and lethal egg damage was already observed after less than 1 min exposure to UV-C pulsed irradiation. Pending further developments and feasibility studies, the current results and features of the UV-C generator (energy output modulation and applicability to varying spot sizes) open up a large field of germicidal applications requiring long-range radiation.
A Novel Machine Learning-based Approach for the Detection and Analysis of Spontaneous Synaptic Currents
Authors: Pircher Thomas , Pircher Bianca , Feigenspan Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spontaneous synaptic activity is a hallmark of neural networks. A thorough description of these synaptic signals is essential for understanding neurotransmitter release and the generation of a postsynaptic response. However, the complexity of synaptic current trajectories has either precluded an in-depth analysis or it has forced human observers to resort to manual or semi-automated approaches based on subjective amplitude and area threshold settings. Both procedures are time-consuming, error-prone and likely affected by human bias. Here, we present three complimentary methods for a fully automated analysis of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents measured in major cell types of the mouse retina and in a primary culture of mouse auditory cortex. Two approaches rely on classical threshold methods, while the third represents a novel machine learning-based algorithm. Comparison with frequently used existing methods demonstrates the suitability of our algorithms for an unbiased and efficient analysis of synaptic signals in the central nervous system.
Fear of (COVID-19) and its relationship to Enneagram patterns among a sample of Yemeni community members
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the COVID-19 fear pattern, the common Enneagram pattern in Yemeni society, and the relationship between COVID-19 fear and Enneagram patterns. The study sample consisted of (360) individuals (youth - adults) who were randomly selected. The researcher used the Ingram scale according to (RISO) theory. The results showed that there is no fear of COVID-19 as a dominant pattern. The peacemaker type is the dominant personality type in Yemeni society, followed by the achieved type. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between peacemaker and courage from COVID-19. The study concluded that The attitude of no (COVID-19) fear was the prevailing personality pattern among members of Yemeni society. The Enneagram pattern (the peacemaker) was the dominant pattern in the personality of Yemeni society members, followed by the achieved pattern. There was a negative, strong and relationship between fear of (COVID-19) and between the two patterns of Enneagram (unique) and (peacemaker) in the personality of the Yemeni community members. The attitude of no (COVID-19) fear was related negatively with the unhealthy aspect of the (singular) and (peacemaker) patterns of Enneagram (singular) and (peacemaker) in the personality of Yemeni community members.
The Effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Qihang , Yi Pengcheng , Hu Xinyang , Lei Jianxiang , Kong Jiacheng , Zhang Yang , Liang Meng , Luo Jingyi , Li Xiaoming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for eating disorders (EDs). However, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment more effectively and widely used than IPT. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness of IPT versus CBT on EDs. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the Clinical Trials Database for RCTs that compared IPT and CBT.Results: Of 468 studies initially identified, 10 were suitable for incorporation into our meta-analysis (N = 833 participants). In those studies, IPT and CBT had comparable effects in terms of primary outcome (i.e., ED score) (SMD = 0.08), while IPT had a better effect in terms of secondary outcome (i.e., Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) (SMD = 0.32) than CBT. Compared with CBT, IPT had a better treatment effect for ED populations with lower Body Mass Index (SMD = 0.27) and age (SMD = 0.43). IPT and CBT both had follow-up effects of pre-test and follow-up comparison after fewer than 6 months (SMD = 1.61, 1.83), 6–12 months (SMD =1.48, 1.65), and more than 12 months (SMD = 1.29, 1.33). At the same time, only CBT showed a dose-response relationship trend (β = 0.017, p = 0.067). Conclusion: The meta-analysis provided clear evidence that IPT is an effective treatment measure for patients with EDs. This review also suggested that future research is needed to determine the effects of IPT in the treatment of EDs.Level of evidence Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bioaccessibilities and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust from the Guizhou-Guiyang urban zone, China
Authors: 郁鑫杰  , 王济  , 蔡雄飞  , 张帅  , 李丁  , 赵帅  , 徐蝶  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To investigate the health risks of heavy metals in dust entering the human body from different exposure pathways. In this study, the old urban area of Guiyang was used as the study area to understand the heavy metals concentrations in surface dust, including recreational plazas, main streets, hospitals, residential areas, and schools in this city, and the bioaccessibility in the simulated lung phase and simulated gastrointestinal phase. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr in the dust were higher than the background values, especially the Zn content exceeded the background value by 9.71 times. The bioaccessibility results indicated that the most soluble heavy metals in the simulated lung phase, simulated gastric phase, and simulated intestinal phase were Zn, Ni, and Cu, respectively, and the bioaccessibility of most heavy metals was significantly higher in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase, and only Cu was higher in the intestinal phase than in the gastric phase. The linear results fit suggested that the total amount of heavy metals alone could not predict the human intake of heavy metals in the dust. Human health risk assessment based on bioaccessibility showed that children had higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults for both hand-to-mouth ingestion and respiratory inhalation exposure pathways, but none of them exceeded the limit values.
Valorisation of Chinese hickory shell as novel sources for the efficient production of xylooligosaccharides
Authors: Wang Zhi-Kun , Huang Caoxing , Zhong Jun-Lei , Tang Lv , Li Bing , Sheng Jian-Jun , Chen Liang , Sun Shaolong , Shen Xiaojun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chinese hickory shell, a by-product of the food industry, is still not utilized and urgent to develop sustainable technologies for its valorization. This research focuses on the systematical evaluation of degraded products and xylooligosaccharide production with high yield from the shell via hydrothermal process. The results indicated that the pretreatment condition strongly affected the chemical structures and compositions of the liquid fraction. The maximum yield of XOS (55.3 wt%) with limitation of by-products formation was achieved at 160 oC for 2 h. High temperature (220 oC) and short time (0.5 h) contributed to hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharide with high DP to yield 37.5 wt% xylooligosaccharide with DP from 2 to 6. xylooligosaccharide obtained mainly consisted of xylan with branches according to the HSQC NMR analysis. Overall, the production of XOS with a high yield from food waste will facilitate the valorization of food waste in the biorefinery industry.