bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous theta burst TMS of area MT+ impairs attentive motion tracking
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit , Tran Tiffany T. , Silva Andrew E. , Giaschi Deborah , Thompson Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAttentive motion tracking deficits measured using multiple object tracking (MOT) tasks have been identified in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia and autism. These deficits are often attributed to the abnormal development of high‐level attentional networks. However, neuroimaging evidence from amblyopia suggests that reduced MOT performance can be explained by impaired function in motion‐sensitive area MT+ alone. To test the hypothesis that a subtle disruption of MT+ function could cause MOT impairment, we assessed whether continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of MT+ influenced MOT task accuracy in individuals with normal vision. The MOT stimulus consisted of four target and four distractor dots and was presented at ±10° eccentricity (right/left hemifield). fMRI‐guided cTBS was applied to left MT+. Participants (n = 13, age: 27 ± 3) attended separate active and sham cTBS sessions where the MOT task was completed before, 5‐min post‐ and 30‐min post‐cTBS. Active cTBS significantly impaired MOT task accuracy relative to baseline for the right (stimulated) hemifield 5‐min (10 ± 2% reduction) and 30‐min (14 ± 3% reduction) post‐stimulation. No impairment occurred within the left (control) hemifield after active cTBS or for either hemifield after sham cTBS. These results highlight the importance of lower level motion processing for MOT, suggesting that a minor disruption of MT+ function alone is sufficient to cause a deficit in MOT performance.
Differential chronic social stress models in male and female mice
Authors: Furman Orit , Tsoory Michael , Chen Alon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic stress creates an allostatic overload that may lead to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Modern causes of chronic stress in humans are mostly social in nature, relating to work and relationship stress. Research into neural and molecular mechanisms of vulnerability and resilience following chronic social stress (CSS) is ongoing and uses animal models to discover efficient prevention strategies and treatments. To date, most CSS studies have neglected the female sex and used male‐focused aggression‐based animal models such as chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Accumulating evidence on sex differences suggests differences in the stress response, the prevalence of stress‐related illness and in response to treatment, indicating that researchers should expand CSS investigation to include female‐focused protocols alongside the popular CSDS protocols. Here, we describe a novel female mouse model of CSS and a parallel modified male mouse model of CSDS in C57BL/6 mice. These new models enable the investigation of vulnerability, coping and downstream effectors mediating short‐term and long‐term consequences of CSS in both sexes. Our data demonstrate differential effects on male and female mice during, soon after, and many weeks after CSS. Female mice are more prone to body weight loss during CSS and hyperactive anxious behaviour following CSS. Both sexes show reduced social interaction, but only stressed male mice show long‐term changes in emotional memory and neuroendocrine function. We further discuss future avenues of research using these models to investigate mechanisms pertaining to sensitivity to CSS and treatment response profiles, in a sex‐appropriate manner.
Comparison of high‐ and low‐frequency fatigue properties of structural steels S355J0 and S355J2
Authors: Klusák Jan , Horník Vít , Lesiuk Grzegorz , Seitl Stanislav 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper brings results of high‐cycle fatigue and very‐high‐cycle fatigue tests of the steel S355 tested during low‐ and high‐frequency loading. Two grades of structural steel (S355J0 and S355J2) were tested to gain fatigue properties that serve as inputs to reliable finite element calculations of cyclically loaded structures. Experimental measurements of both steel grades were performed on low‐frequency hydraulic and high‐frequency ultrasonic fatigue testing systems. Both low‐ and high‐frequency loading showed higher lifetime for the grade S355J2. The difference between the two studied steel grades was more apparent during low‐frequency loading. The significant difference between the results of low‐ and high‐frequency loading tests can be explained by the fact that the resistance to plastic deformation increases with an increasing rate of deformation. Fracture surfaces were studied by electron microscopy, where they exhibited both surface and internal crack initiation.
“Tu lucha es mi lucha”: Teaching Spanish through an equity and social justice lens
Authors: Di Stefano Marialuisa , Almazán‐Vázquez Abelardo , Yepes‐Amaya William , Britton Emma Razifard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article reports about a 2‐year participatory action research (PAR) study in which three instructors engaged in an ongoing PAR cycle to develop and implement an explicit social justice teaching approach in their differing instructional contexts in the Northeastern US: a graduate course for teacher education and two secondary school Spanish courses. Building upon critical pedagogy (Freire, 2005) and intersectional positionalities studies (Crenshaw, 1989) and engaging in a collaborative self‐study research with the fourth author, the team reflected on the emergence of stereotypes related to gender, race, language, immigration, and nationality in the language classroom. Results suggest that: (a) students' identities seem reaffirmed from scaffolded instruction that includes authentic materials (b) instructors, as role models, can influence students' identity development and activism engagement. Implications include a series of recommendations for justice‐oriented instructional strategies and assessments for the secondary school Spanish curriculum and teacher education.
Higher levels of lead and aluminium are associated with increased risk of falls among community‐dwelling older adults: An 18‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Ooi Theng Choon , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Shahar Suzana , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Sharif Razinah 
Published: September 2021

AimThe present study aims to determine the association of trace elements and oxidative and DNA damage biomarkers with fall incidence among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study is part of the Long‐term Research Grant Scheme – Towards Useful Ageing cohort study in Malaysia. Of a total of 174 participants with complete trace elements and oxidative and DNA damage data during baseline, only 147 (84.5%) were successfully followed up after 18 months. Participants who experienced any fall events in the previous 18 months during the follow‐up were categorized as fallers.ResultsThirty participants (20.4%) reported at least one fall in the previous 18 months. The mean concentrations of aluminium, lead and zinc were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fallers than non‐fallers. However, in comparison with the non‐faller group, the percentage of DNA in tail (11.43 ± 4.10% vs. 13.22 ± 5.24%) and tail moment (1.19 ± 0.54 AU vs. 1.59 ± 0.78 AU) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the faller group. No significant difference in serum superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde level was observed between non‐fallers and fallers. Following multifactorial adjustments, higher aluminium (odds ratio [OR]: 1.007; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.011) and lead (OR: 1.162; 95% CI: 1.010–1.336) levels and lower tail moment scores (OR: 0.313; 95% CI: 0.138–0.709) appeared significant in the final hierarchical binary logistic regression model.ConclusionsHigher levels of lead and aluminium were associated with increased risk of falls among community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1026–1032.
Fabrication of magnetically controllable glass ceramics with completely dense microstructure by hot pressing
Authors: Hou Yong , Wang Yu , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompletely dense magnetite‐based aluminosilicate glass ceramics with adjustable magnetic properties were successfully synthesized by method of hot pressing. The influences of sintering conditions and magnetite contents on magnetic properties and microstructure of samples were analyzed. It was found that increases in sintering temperature and time could improve the densification degree of samples. However, precipitation of crystalline phases from glass would worsen the densification of samples. The optimum parameters of hot pressing were 950°C for 1 h, under which condition, the glass ceramics containing 10–65 wt.% magnetite showed a fully dense microstructure. As the magnetite content increased from 10 to 65 wt.%, magnetization and area of hysteresis loops of glass ceramics increased, while coercivity showed an opposite trend. However, when the magnetite content increased to 70 wt.%, pores appeared and the degree of densification decreased.
Sensory profile of Italian Espresso brewed Arabica Specialty Coffee under three roasting profiles with chemical and safety insight on roasted beans
Authors: Vezzulli Fosca , Bertuzzi Terenzio , Rastelli Silvia , Mulazzi Annalisa , Lambri Milena 
Published: September 2021

SummarySpecialty coffee (SC) has been showing an increasing interest from the consumers which appreciate its traceability and the peculiar flavours from each single origin. Additionally, the processes to which coffee fruits underwent to get green coffee characterise the beans in terms of macromolecules acting as substrates during the roasting. This work evaluates via sensory analysed eight SC, roasted at light, medium, and dark level, submitted to Italian espresso extraction, to assess how different roasting levels exalt the expected cup profile obtained by the suppliers via cupping in origin countries. Finally, roasted beans were characterised for physico‐chemical features (pH, titratable acidity, caffeine, melanoidins, polyphenols and acrylamide). Sensory analysis demonstrated that the intermediate roasting level and espresso extraction match better attributes from in‐origin cupping. Melanoidins (mmol g−1coffee d.b.) was able to discriminate among roasting levels (light 0.12 ± 0.01; medium 0.13 ± 0.003; dark 0.14 ± 0.01; α = 0.05). Acrylamide analyses ensured compliance with the food safety standards (light 301.9 ± 37.2 ppb; medium 126.1±19ppb; dark 107.9 ± 22.5ppb). Physico‐chemical features were able to cluster samples from different origins within the same roasting level (α = 0.05). Results showed correlations (α = 0.01) between sensory analysis and physico‐chemical values: direct for caffeine and astringency, reverse for perceived acidity in relation to astringency, roasted, dried fruits and nutty notes.
Not just black and white, but different shades of grey: Legal segmentation and its effect on labour market segmentation in Europe
Authors: DINGELDEY Irene , GERLITZ Jean‐Yves 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies the impact of employment law on de facto labour market segmentation for 22 European countries from 1991 to 2014. Applying the concept of legal segmentation, the authors distinguish between the standard‐setting (protective), privileging and equalizing functions of employment law and use descriptive and multivariate statistics to indicate their effects on overall employment, and male and female standard and non‐standard employment. High privileging, in combination with high standard‐setting, is found to favour male standard employment and female non‐standard employment, while the equalizing function, aimed at improving the protection of women and other marginalized groups, actually increases male non‐standard employment.
An innovative postnatal risk assessment and corresponding care pathways in Preventive Child Healthcare
Authors: Van Minde Minke R. C. , Lagendijk Jacqueline , Raat Hein , Steegers Eric A. P. , de Kroon Marlou L. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative postnatal risk assessment (the postnatal Rotterdam Reproductive Risk Reduction checklist: R4U) and corresponding care pathways in Preventive Child Healthcare (PCHC), along with PCHC professional satisfaction.DesignFour PCHC organizations located in three municipalities with a higher adverse perinatal outcome than the national average were selected for participation. The study concerns a historically controlled study design.MethodsThe study enrolled participants from September 2016 until December 2017. The historical cohort existed of children born in previous years from 2008 until 2016. The outcome measure was defined as catch‐up growth: more than 0.67 standard deviation score weight for height increase in the first 6 months of life. PCHC professional opinion was assessed with a digital survey.ResultsAfter the inclusion period, 1,953 children were included in the intervention cohort and 7,436 children in the historical cohort. Catch‐up growth was significantly less common in the intervention cohort; 14.9% versus 19.5% in the historical cohort (p < 0.001). A regression sensitivity analysis, using matching, showed an odds ratio of 0.957 (95% CI 0.938–0.976) for the intervention cohort. In the survey, 74 PCHC physicians and nurses participated; most of them were neutral concerning the benefits of the postnatal R4U.ConclusionThis study shows that the implementation of a novel postnatal risk assessment including in PCHC is feasible and effective. Final efforts to ensure a widespread implementation should be taken.ImpactPCHC offers a unique opportunity to recognize and address risk factors for growth and development in children and to implement care pathways. Effective and widely implemented risk assessments in antenatal and PCHC are scarce. To our knowledge, this kind of evidence‐based postnatal risk assessment has not been implemented in PCHC before and seizes the opportunity to prevent catch‐up growth and its long‐term effects.
Supply chain plasticity during a global disruption: Effects of CEO and supply chain networks on operational repurposing
Authors: Falcone Ellie C. , Fugate Brian S. , Dobrzykowski David D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal disruptions can cause unprecedented variability in demand and supply, necessitating rapid repurposing of supply chains. This research investigates supply chain plasticity and a corresponding unique strategy—operational repurposing. Resource dependence theory and social network theory are used to assess the effects of firms’ network positions on firm engagement in operational repurposing. Social network analysis and econometric models are utilized to analyze 426 995 supply chain contractual relationships and 64,750 CEO network relationships embedded in 136 firms. The results show that in both supply chain and CEO networks, entrepreneurial network position increases a firm's likelihood to repurpose existing operations, while prominent position reduces it. Furthermore, CEO entrepreneurial network position enhances the positive relationship between supply chain entrepreneurial network position and the likelihood of repurposing. This research provides a deeper understanding of how structural networks affect a firm's supply chain plasticity. It helps industry and policy leaders identify suitable firms to prepare their supply chains in the event repurposing is required.
Risk factors for scabies treatment resistance: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee S.K. , Kim J.H. , Kim M.S. , Lee U.H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn order to successfully treat scabies and to prevent its spread, it is important to identify the factors that can influence the outcome of scabies treatment.ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the risk factors associated with treatment resistance scabies during use of an effective topical medication.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with scabies infestations confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) examinations. Patient characteristics, clinical features and treatment history were collected. The treatment resistance group included patients with persistent scabies infestations for more than 28 days after initiation of antiscabies treatment with 5% permethrin cream.ResultsIn total, 138 patients with scabies infestations treated between January 2017 and December 2020 were included in this study. Of these, 100 (72.5%) patients were treated successfully, while 38 (27.5%) patients experienced treatment resistance. In the univariable analysis, risk factors for treatment resistance scabies included impaired cognitive function (OR = 2.66, 95% CI, 1.15–6.14), limited mobility (OR = 2.97, 95% CI, 1.30–6.83), inpatient status (vs. outpatient, OR = 3.3, 95% CI, 1.28–8.54), topical steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.52, 95% CI, 1.61–7.81), systemic steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.57, 95% CI, 1.26–10.34) and a positive KOH exam after the first treatment (OR = 7.25, 95% CI, 3.24–17.11). In the multivariable analysis, limited mobility (OR = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.02–12.11) and topical steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.65, 95% CI, 1.41–9.75) were significant predictive factors for treatment resistance scabies.ConclusionsScabies patients with limited mobility and topical steroid use before diagnosis are at high risk of treatment resistance. Dermatologists should take these findings into consideration when treating patients with scabies infestations.
Cutaneous manifestations of small fibre polyneuropathy
Authors: Akabane A.L. , Smith G.P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause typical and atypical features of small fibre polyneuropathy (SFN) in the skin have not been fully elucidated, the diagnosis is often made by the exclusion of alternative conditions rather than by its identification as a primary syndrome.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize dermatologic manifestations in patients with SFN.MethodsLarge retrospective series of biopsy‐proven SFN cases seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (January 2000 to December 2019).ResultsThe majority of the 301 participants included presented with at least one cutaneous manifestation [292/301 (97%)]. Pain was most common with 254/301 (84.4%) perceiving this as occurring in the skin. It was frequently described as ‘burning’ [95/254 (37.4%)] and affected distal [174/254 (68.5%)] slightly more than proximal [111/254 (43.7%)] limbs. Numbness [182/301 (60.5%)], edema [61/301 (20.3%)] and skin colour changes [53/301 (17.6%)], which include redness [23/53 (43%)], also had predominant distal distribution. Characteristic loss of distal hair occurred among 17/29 (59%) those reporting hair loss. Other findings with classic limb involvement, Raynaud’s phenomenon [33/301 (11%)] and erythromelalgia [26/301 (8.6%)] were seen. Itch [45/301 (15%)], mostly localized [22/45 (49%)] and localized eczematous dermatitis were also found.ConclusionSFN has a wide range of clinical features in which the skin is affected, with characteristic findings affecting the extremities.
A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and safety of retinaldehyde‐loaded niosomes against mild‐to‐moderate acne
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kim Jemin , Lee Young In , Suk Jangmi , Lee Dongwon , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetinoids are the mainstay of topical therapy for acne. To improve the efficacy and minimize the side effects of retinoids, various novel drug delivery mechanisms, including nanoparticles, have been developed.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a retinaldehyde‐loaded niosome (RA‐N) nanoemulsion against sebum secretion and keratinization on mild‐to‐moderate acne.Patients/methodsTwenty‐three participants exhibiting mild‐to‐moderate acne with both closed and open comedones were included. They applied a 0.05% RA‐N nanoemulsion daily for 4 weeks, did not to use any other emollient or topical pharmaceutical, and were asked to report any symptoms and treatment satisfaction.ResultsThe participants demonstrated significantly fewer closed and open comedones after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment than at baseline (*p < 0.05). The mean sebum secretion, measured using Sebumeter®, was 327.95 ± 90.20 μg cm−2 at baseline and reduced to 282.60 ± 99.70 and 250.65 ± 97.6 μg cm−2, respectively, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (*p < 0.05). The mean desquamation index, determined using Visioscan®, was 10.99 ± 1.69 at baseline and decreased to 9.81 ± 1.10 and 8.89 ± 1.32, respectively, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (*p < 0.05). The application of the RA‐N nanoemulsion resulted in a significantly lower desquamation level, suggesting that the RA‐N nanoemulsion was well‐tolerated without any skin irritation. None of the participants reported a serious adverse event during this study.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the RA‐N nanoemulsion was effective in improving comedones in acne‐prone skin and safe for long‐term application. Further studies are necessary to investigate the long‐term effects of the application of the RA‐N nanoemulsion in participants with inflammatory acne and acne scars.
Efficacy of topical cysteamine hydrochloride in treating melasma: a systematic review
Authors: Ahramiyanpour Najmeh , Saki Nasrin , Akbari Zahra , Shamsi‐Meymandi Simin , Amiri Rezvan , Heiran Alireza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionMelasma remains a recurrent, chronic, therapeutically challenging, and psychologically burdening condition. Several different modalities and approaches have been utilized, and some with notable success to experimentally manage the condition. Cysteamines, with their depigmentation properties, have only recently been intensely studied. One such formulation is the topical 5% cysteamine hydrochloride, the structure of which is notably more stable and with a less foul odor than its prior counterparts. We, therefore, aimed to assess the efficacy of the mentioned formulation in the treatment of melasma.MethodsThe PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Embase, Cochrane, and Proquest databases were thoroughly searched for English studies evaluating the effects of the topical agent mentioned.ResultsEight studies (five RCTs, two case reports, and one case series) were included after three rounds of screening, most of which were carried out in Iran. Statistical significance was noted when assessing decreased melanin content and satisfaction rates.ConclusionsIt appears that the cysteamine cream could be comparably efficient in treating melasma while accompanied only by minor and transient adverse events. However, current evidence is limited by insufficient sample size, long‐term follow‐up, and only to epidermal melasma, highlighting the need for appropriately designed randomized controlled clinical trials to draw a conclusive image of the cysteamine's role in treating this recalcitrant condition.