bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Study of Calcination Effect of Zinc Ferrite on the Structure and Morphology of Nanoparticles
Authors: Sami We’am , Sabeeh Sadeq Zainab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three samples of spinel powdered zinc ferrites were successfully fabricated via microwave-assisted combustion method followed by calcination at temperature of 500oC for three hours. Phase purity and surface morphology that estimated via XRD pattern and field emission-scanning electron microscopy images (FE-SEM) showed that the samples have cubic spinel - structure with average crystallite size is increase from 15.8 nm to 26.53 nm and from (23.03nm to 28.16 nm when glycine–to-nitrate ratio is decreased before and after calcination at 500 oC for three hours. However the calcination results is increase in average crystallite size and average lattice constant. FE-SEM image indicated that the particles Zinc ferrite possesses shape symmetry and uniformity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were us to study vibration mode in synthesized spinel ferrite. As calcination the absorption band of a specific bonds are shifted to a lower wavenumber.
Study of Effect of the Chrome Additive on the Structural, Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanostructured Titanium dioxide Thin Film
Authors: Saleh Adnan M , Ridha Fatima Waly , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Dawood Mohammed O , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUndoped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Cr-doped TiO2films were prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT). XRD styles showed that TiO2films were grown along dominant orientation of (111). Crystallite size increases from 8.95 nm to 9.70 nm as vanadium concentration increase, whereas the strain(%) parameter increased from 3.87 to 3.57. the AFM imaging shows that the Undoped TiO2and TiO2: Cr thin films was discontinuous surface with spherically grains decreased from (65.95-44.23 nm) with increase doping from 0% to 3%, and root-mean square (rms) roughness of surface is about (9.70-2.41) nm. Spectrometric analysis of deposited films showed high transmittance in spectral range from 300 to 900 nm, whereas the corresponding value of bandgaps was ranged from 3.48 to- 3.38 eV by Cr doping. Results show that doping of TiO2with Cr enhances the optical properties. the absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k) and refractive index (n) are increased when Cr additive is increasing.
Activity Concentration of Natural Radionuclides in Sediment of Tigris River in the City of Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Wais Taha Yaseen , Najam Laith A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ten samples were studied from sediments collected from the Tigris River in the city of Mosul, and gamma ray spectroscopy NaI(TI) was used in order to detect and calculate the content of natural radionuclides for all samples collected. The results of the samples analyzed for the specific activity of 226Ra ranged from 6.30±0.319 Bq/kg to 13.73±0.411 Bq/kg with mean of 9.86±0.385 Bq/kg, and for 232Th from 13.39±0.626 Bq/kg to 29.84±0.923 Bq/kg and with mean of 23.05±0.838 Bq/kg, while for 40K, it ranged from 166.83±6.456 Bq/kg to 275.96±7.601 Bq/kg and at mean of 232.91±6.456 Bq/kg. the results of the study were within the range of the recommended global values. Therefore, it can be said that the study area is safe and does not pose a threat to the residents near it. Statistical data such as skewness and kurtosis were calculated, and box plot, were applied in order to assess the distribution of radiological parameters
Study of some of the physical variables of a metal-based system using the powder method
Authors: Salih Eman J. , Allah Sabah Mahmoud Aman , Darweesh Salih Y. , Mohammed Hussein A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSome variables that in turn help improve the properties of copper, whether mechanical or physical, were studied. Copper was reinforced with carbide with excellent properties from WC and with different volumetric enhancement ratios (0,1.5,3,4.5,6) %. The powders were mixed and milled for a two-hour time, as the samples were pressed at (5) tons for a time of one minute, after which the prepared samples appeared at 950°C and for a time only two hours, various tests were conducted on the samples for the purpose of studying their physical and compositional properties and included a diffraction examination X-ray, real and apparent porosity, real and apparent density, compressive strength. The results were encouraging and gave the best values after sintering and at a 6% WC boost, if the minimum true porosity was 13.31%, while the apparent porosity was 9.22%, while the real density value was10.72g/cm3, and the highest apparent density was 11.22g/cm3. The radial compressive strength value is 132.7MPa.
Preparation and characterization of structural and optical properties of CdS thin film spin coating prepared
Authors: Sami Riyadh , Ghazai Alaa J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystal thin film has been prepared on glass substrate using the sol-gel method. As deposit and effect annealing films at an annealing temperature of 500°C for 1hour were investigated and characterized. The characterization of prepared films included, structural properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), and optical Properties using UV-Visible measurement. based on XRD results the annealing reason increase in peak intensity due to the improvement in the crystallinity and the crystalline size decreased with increasing the annealing temperature in regrading of preferred diffraction peak (111) at 2 θ =26 to be fourth more, this indicated a formation of cubic structure of the CdS nanocrystalline thin films as the predominant phase. When the dislocation density and strain initially decreased with increasing the annealing temperature due to the improvement of crystallization. SEM images revealed that the films have Nano sphere-based or cluster-like shape and the structure uniformly grown on the substrate have been observed with annealing temperature. Besides, the roughness, root mean square(RMS), and average diameter. decreased while the grain size increased with annealing temperature. The optical properties showed that the films have low absorption over the visible region and it’s decreasing the annealing temperature which makes the CdS is a promising material for optoelectronic application. The energy gap increases with a decrease in the size of the crystallites, while an energy gap value is somewhat larger than the typical value of bulk CdS. This may be due to the quantum confinement effect due to the nanometer crystallite size of the cadmium sulphide thin film. The first section in your paper.
Study of Nuclear Radius and Back bending phenomenon of20-30Mg Isotopes in sdpn Model Space
Authors: Obeed Fatema H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn present work, many parameters have been computed using NuShellX@ MSU code for ground state bands of20-30Mg isotopes. These parameters were root mean square of nuclear radius, major and minor of ellipsoid axises (a and b), as well as to the different between them(ΔR) deformation parameters (β2, δ), intrinsic quadrupole moment(Q0) and back bending phenomenon. Model space(sdpn) of (0d3/2,0d5/2and 1s1/2) for protons and neutrons orbits and cwhcdpn interaction have been used to calculate above parameters. Effective charge of Bohr - Mottelson model has been used in this work. The results showed an brilliant agree with the obtainable investigational results all isotopes in this study. Also, the back bending phenomenon was well evident in our results for all isotopes used under study. In these calculations, new values have been theoretically designated for most parameters which were previously unknown in experimental information.
The Effectiveness of the Finite Differences Method on Physical and Medical Images Based on a Heat Diffusion Equation
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Ali Ali Hassan , Alabdali Osama , Shihab Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamad Saad Hussein 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the influence of applying the well-known finite differences method on medical and physical images. These images will be used as coefficients in the steps of the solution after the images being imported and converted to arrays. The aim of the study is to show and analyze the changes that could happen to images for the sake of an enhancement. Experiments of one dimension and two dimensions will be illustrated by applying the explicit and the implicit methods using MATLAB to explain the way of how these methods affect images. Furthermore, we will study and measure the quality of the proposed images in each phase of the experiments using statistical metrics such as PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Squared Error), MD (Maximum Difference) and some other statistical metrics.
The Proximity Congested Set and not Congested Set
Authors: Talkany Y K AL , Al-Swidi L A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
this paper includes a study related to the concept of proximity congested sets and proximity not congested sets in i-topological proximity spaces which were defined using two concepts are the i-closure concept and nested set and then utilized it in studying a new type of concept namely cpc-congested set, cp-congested set, pc-congested set. Some of the characteristics and theories of these new sets were presented in this paper.
High-order solution of Generalized Burgers–Fisher Equation using compact finite difference and DIRK methods
Authors: Pirdawood Mardan A. , Sabawi Younis A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to developed a high-order and accurate method for the solution of one-dimensional of generalized Burgers-Fisher with Numman boundary conditions. We combined between a fourth-order compact finite difference scheme for spatial part with diagonal implicit Runge Kutta scheme in temporal part. In addition, we discretized boundary points by using a compact finite difference scheme in terms of fourth order accuracy. This combine leads to ordinary differential equation which will take full advantage of method of line (MOL). Some numerical experiments presented to show that the combination give an accurate and reliable for solving the generalized Burgers-Fisher problems.
Development a new conjugate gradient algorithm for improvement feedforward artificial neural networks for predicting the numbers of the Iraqi
Authors: alfahady Neaam H. , Abbo Khalil K. , Nori Mahmood Edrees M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstracta conjugate gradient method has been proposed for use in the training of Artificial Neural Networks with the feedforward technique. The proposed method demonstrated that the proposed CG method is accurate in predicting the numbers of the Iraqi population, the Our numerical results where very close to the exact solution of Tomas Malthose Model.
Certain Geometric Properties of Meromorphic Functions Defined by a New Linear Differential Operator
Authors: Hameed Mustafa I. , Shihab Buthyna Najad , Jassim Kassim Abdulhameed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate a new linear operator through the Hadamard product between the fundamental hypergeometric function and the Mittag Leffler function. Furthermore, the geometric properties of a new meromorphic function subclass will be investigated.
NTRsh: A New Secure Variant of NTRUEncrypt Based on Tripternion Algebra
Authors: shahhadi S H , Yassein H R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Since cryptography relied on mathematical theories and applications of computer science, mathematical algorithms are built with high difficulty. In this paper, we make an improvement and modification NTRU cryptosystem called NTRSH by using a new tripternion algebra and changing the mathematical structure for public and private keys, as well as for text encryption and decryption to obtain more and higher security.
Semi-Implicit and Explicit Runge Kutta Methods for Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Sabawi Younis A. , Pirdawood Mardan A. , Khalaf Anas D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study theA[α] – stability of the additive methods of Runge- Kutta kind of orders ranging from 2 up to 4 that will be applied for determining some stiff nonlinear system of the ODEs. Moreover, we find the stability function for the additive Runge-Kutta method and some methods of this type of order 2,3, and 4. Where the method (A,B1) is A-stable and semi-implicit and method (A,B2) is explicit. Furthermore, the stiff term is managed by the semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method while no stiff term is treated by the explicit Runge Kutta method. Those methods are suitable for solving chemical reactions problems that include stiff and non-stiff terms.
Theory and applications of Marshall Olkin Marshall Olkin Weibull distribution
Authors: Al-Noor N H , Khaleel M A , Mohammed G J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In probability theory generalizing distribution is an important area. Several distributions are inappropriate for data modeling, either symmetrical, semi-symmetrical, or heavily skewed. In this paper, a new compound distribution with four parameters called Marshall Olkin Marshall Olkin Weibull (MOMOWe) is introduced. Several important statistical properties of new distribution were studied and examined. The estimation of unknown four parameters was carried out according to the maximum likelihood estimation method. The flexibility of MOMOWe distribution is demonstrated by the adoption of two real datasets (semi-symmetric and right-skewed) with different information fitting criteria. Such flexibility allows using the new distribution in various application areas.
Magnetohydrodynamics Peristaltic Flow of a Couple- Stress for a Jeffrey Fluid through a Flexible Porous Medium
Authors: Al-Khafajy Dheia G. Salih , Al-Waily Saif Razzaq Mohsin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The topic of this paper is the peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid with couple stress across a porous medium inside a horizontal conduit. The unit is strained by a uniform magnetic field. It is taken into account the effects of viscous dissipation, internal heat generation, and radiation. This approach solves the equations of momentum, temperature, and velocity. The numerical formulas for axial velocity, temperature, and velocity are obtained as functions of the physical parameters of the problem. Numerical calculations, as well as the effects of temperature and magnetic field on the velocity equation, were conducted for this formula, and the results were shown on the channel wall. The results of the problem’s physical parameters on this formula are discussed numerically and graphically in a series of statistics.
An efficient algorithm for st-Connected Vertex Separator problem
Authors: Younis Althoby Haeder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we give some basic notions concerning the st-connected vertex separator problem(st-CVS problem), then we give mathematical formula for st-CVS problem, then some special cases on some types of graphs, after then introduce an integer programming formulations for this problem. Also, we introduce a heuristic to solve this problem.
A Review Over Panoramic Image Stitching Techniques
Authors: Abbadi Nidhal K. EL , Al Hassani Safaa Alwan , Abdulkhaleq Ali Hussein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using digital images at present are increased rapidly in many fields such as in solving big problems, with the extraordinary appearance of them in all areas of life, in medicine, agriculture, industry, the Internet, and others, where their use is extensive and is considered a source of information for technological progress. One of the important use is stitching the images, also called mosaic images. The stitching images means a grouping of images for the same sense with the overlapping areas to be a panoramic image of high resolution and wide width. With the modification and development of the algorithms used in this field in recent years, it has become one of the essential branches of image processing. There are many applications of stitching, used in maps and satellites, knowledge and positioning, etc. So this summary article will provide a set of image stitching techniques and investigate its use in terms of advantages, disadvantages, and accuracy for each one of them with comparative studies of several research papers in this field for the period of years (2017 – 2020). Therefore, this article may be useful for researchers working in this field to benefit and develop stitching algorithms in terms of discovering features and matching them to create a useful, problem-free, and high-resolution panoramic image.
Hiding Region of Interest in Image using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Kharofa Shahla Hazim Ahmed , Al-khayyat Ali Tariq Kalil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this research, a new method for hiding image has been proposed. The proposed method relied on hiding the region of interest in the image by specifying it using fuzzy logic. Images play a large and important role in several areas. Therefore, The more important the image, the greater the need to protect and preserve it. In this research, the work was divided into two parts, the first part represents the sending side and in it the face area is defined as an important region in the image and hidden then, while the second part, represents the receiving side and in it the hidden image is received and unhide. Fuzzy logic was used in the process. The proposed algorithm provide security to the images being transmitted. Matlab language was use to perform this work.
Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Abed Mohammed hamzah , Muhammed Lamia Abed Noor , Toman Sarah Hussein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy DR is a popular disease for many people as a result of age or the diabetic, as a result, it can cause blindness. therefore, diagnosis of this disease especially in the early time can prevent its effect for a lot of patients. To achieve this diagnosis, eye retina must be examined continuously. Therefore, computer-aided tools can be used in the field based on computer vision techniques. Different works have been performed using various machine learning techniques. Convolutional Neural Network is one of the promise methods, so it was for Diabetic Retinopathy detection in this paper. Also, the proposed work contains visual enhancement in the pre-processing phase, then the CNN model is trained to be able for recognition and classification phase, to diagnosis the healthy and unhealthy retina image. Three public dataset DiaretDB0, DiaretDBl and DrimDB were used in practical testing. The implementation of this work based on Matlab-R2019a, deep learning toolbox and deep network designer to design the architecture of the convolutional neural network and train it. The results were evaluated to different metrics; accuracy is one of them. The best accuracy that was achieved: for DiaretDB0 is 100%, DiaretDB1 is 99.495% and DrimDB is 97.55%.
Default on a credit prediction using decision tree and ensemble learning techniques
Authors: Mesri Khitam , Tahseen Israa , Ogla Raheem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the high importance of credit risk management and the prediction of the default on a credit loan in banks in recent years in most developed countries. This research experimented with three machine learning algorithms which are decision tree and ensemble techniques based on a decision tree-like random forest which is bootstrap aggregation machine learning model and adaptive boosting is a boosting machine learning model. All models were used to perform a binary classification to classify the clients into trusted clients who would pay back the debts who are creditable and a none trusted clients who won’t pay the debts In the time which are who are not creditable. All the models gave nearly the same results based on the selected performance measures which are precision, recall, and f1 measure. There was no significant change when they performed on a real class imbalanced dataset of the default credit card clients of Taiwan.
The Recent Studies Utilizing Computer Technologies for Covid 19 Transmission, Diagnosis and Infection Control
Authors: Muthana Rasha , Ahmed Nora , Al shareefi Asaad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In March 2020, the extreme serious respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, was declared a universal pandemic. It is an RNA-type virus that affects humans and animals and causes a wide range of respiratory infections. It also leads to human pneumonia. The development of the virus recognition system relied heavily on computer programs. Numerous experiments and research have been conducted in computer science in order to identify any treatments and explore the effects of the disease. As a result, the most important research and strategies for detecting covid19 will be outlined in this article, to use them in the future to stop this global epidemic.
Synthesis and spectral characterization of new azo dye derived from benzimidazole and its complexation with selected transition metal ions
Authors: Al-adilee K J , Hatem B A , Hatem O A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The preparation and spectral characterisation of 2-[6-(benzimidazolylazo)] as an organic heterocyclic azo dye compound containing benzimidazole. The reaction of benzimidazole diazoniumbromid with 2,4-dibromo phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution yielded -2,4-dibromo phenol (BIADBrP). Spectral analyses have been used to study the structure of the azo dye ligand such as H1NMR, mass spectrum,IR, UV-Vis and element analysis. New six complexes with CO(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions were prepared and identification by several physiochemical techniques; such as C.H.N element, magnatic susceptibility, atom absorption, molar conductivity, IR and electronic spectra. The used techniques showed the formation of all complexes 1:2 [M:L] complexes and suggested octahedral geometry with d2sp3 hybridization of Co(III) and sp3d2 with residulechelat complexes. The coordination number of the metal ion is found to be six with binding through the phenolate O, azo N3 and with the imidazole N3 atom. The stability, geometrical, and electrical features of metal complexes have also been studied theoretically. The energy levels of the ligand and metal complexes’ high occupied molecular orbital HOMO and low unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO were used to compute electrochemical potential, electrophilicity index, and chemical hardness.
Simulation of Charge Sensitive Preamplifier to improve Nuclear Pulse detecting using Multisim Software
Authors: Atiea Hassanein M. , Rashid Jabbar M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Simulation of Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP) to improve Nuclear Pulse detecting Circuit has been carried on Multisim Software. Multisim Software is a great software that creates the best user-friendly simulation environment for professors, engineers, and students. We can simulate electronic circuits and build prototypes for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). In this paper, we have simulated CSP Circuit in two ways. Firstly, by using a pulsed voltage source. Secondly, by using a waveform generator. We have analyzed the behavior of the CSP Circuit with various rise times. The output waveforms have been observed on the oscilloscope.