bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of requiring a wheelchair in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Data from the ORATORIO trial and the MSBase registry
Authors: Butzkueven Helmut , Spelman Tim , Horakova Dana , Hughes Stella , Solaro Claudio , Izquierdo Guillermo , Kubala Havrdová Eva , Grand'Maison Francois , Prat Alexandre , Girard Marc , Hupperts Raymond , Onofrj Marco , Lugaresi Alessandra , Taylor Bruce ,   the MSBase Study Group, Giovannoni Gavin , Kappos Ludwig , Hauser Stephen L. , Montalban Xavier , Craveiro Licinio , Freitas Rita , Model Fabian , Overell James , Muros‐Le Rouzic Erwan , Sauter Annette , Wang Qing , Wormser David , Wolinsky Jerry S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeReaching Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≥7.0 represents the requirement for a wheelchair. Here we (i) assess the effect of ocrelizumab on time to EDSS ≥7.0 over the ORATORIO (NCT01194570) double‐blind and extended controlled periods (DBP+ECP), (ii) quantify likely long‐term benefits by extrapolating results, and (iii) assess the plausibility of extrapolations using an independent real‐world cohort (MSBase registry; ACTRN12605000455662).MethodsPost hoc analyses assessing time to 24‐week confirmed EDSS ≥7.0 in two cohorts of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (baseline EDSS 3.0–6.5) were investigated in ORATORIO and MSBase.ResultsIn the ORATORIO DBP+ECP, ocrelizumab reduced the risk of 24‐week confirmed EDSS ≥7.0 (hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.92; p = 0.022). Extrapolated median time to 24‐week confirmed EDSS ≥7.0 was 12.1 and 19.2 years for placebo and ocrelizumab, respectively (7.1‐year delay [95% CI: −4.3 to 18.4]). In MSBase, the median time to 24‐week confirmed EDSS ≥7.0 was 12.4 years.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, ocrelizumab significantly delayed time to 24‐week confirmed wheelchair requirement in ORATORIO. The plausibility of the extrapolated median time to reach this milestone in the placebo group was supported by observed real‐world data from MSBase. Extrapolated benefits for ocrelizumab over placebo could represent a truly meaningful delay in loss of ambulation and independence.
The effect of surface pre‐reacted glass‐ionomer filler eluate on dental pulp cells and mineral deposition on dentin: In vitro study
Authors: Nishimaki Mayuri , Nassar Mohannad , Tamura Yukihiko , Hiraishi Noriko , Dargham Ahmad , Nikaido Toru , Tagami Junji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effects of surface pre‐reacted glass‐ionomer (S‐PRG) filler on pulpal cells and on the composition of dentinal deposits were investigated. Proliferation (CCK‐8), cytotoxicity (LDH), and differentiation activity (ALP) tests, along with cell morphology observations, were conducted at 6 and 24 h after treatment of pulpal cells with different S‐PRG filler eluate concentrations. Dentinal surfaces were immersed in deionized water or S‐PRG filler eluate followed by immersion in deionized water or simulated body fluid and observed under scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis using energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer. At 24 h, there were significant differences in CCK‐8 and ALP activity values between the groups in a concentration‐dependent manner. LDH test data were not significantly different among the groups. Cell morphology was not altered at either exposure time. However, decreased cellular density was observed with the highest eluate concentration. Crystalline deposits and occluded dentinal tubules were observed in samples immersed in S‐PRG filler with a later immersion in simulated body fluid, which also showed higher concentrations of certain ions compared to surfaces that were not initially treated with S‐PRG filler. The lowest two eluate concentrations did not show significant toxicity. S‐PRG enhanced the effect of simulated body fluid in the formation of mineral deposits.
Effects of global warming on species with temperature‐dependent sex determination: Bridging the gap between empirical research and management
Authors: Lockley Emma C. , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal warming could threaten over 400 species with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) worldwide, including all species of sea turtle. During embryonic development, rising temperatures might lead to the overproduction of one sex and, in turn, could bias populations’ sex ratios to an extent that threatens their persistence. If climate change predictions are correct, and biased sex ratios reduce population viability, species with TSD may go rapidly extinct unless adaptive mechanisms, whether behavioural, physiological or molecular, exist to buffer these temperature‐driven effects. Here, we summarize the discovery of the TSD phenomenon and its still elusive evolutionary significance. We then review the molecular pathways underpinning TSD in model species, along with the hormonal mechanisms that interact with temperatures to determine an individual's sex. To illustrate evolutionary mechanisms that can affect sex determination, we focus on sea turtle biology, discussing both the adaptive potential of this threatened TSD taxon, and the risks associated with conservation mismanagement.
The inter‐annual fishing variability in Octopus insularis (Leite & Haimovici 2008) as a result of oceanographic factors
Authors: Lopes Priscila F. M. , Andrade Lorena C. A. , Pennino Maria Grazia , Leite Tatiana S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOctopus insularis, despite being widely fished from Brazil to Mexico, has only recently been described as a different species from the sympatric Octopus vulgaris complex in the tropical Atlantic, where its occurrence is determined by different environmental factors. Using a 10‐year time series from Brazil, we modeled how topographic aspects and oceanographic variables affected the landings of O. insularis. For that we used a locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) technique and residual autocovariate‐boosted regression trees (RAC‐BRTs). In addition to the octopus landing per unit effort (LPUE) being driven by the seafloor structure, we also observed that it was directly related to the temperature and inversely related to chlorophyll. Higher LPUEs were observed in warmer years. Although the relationship between LPUE and chlorophyll or temperature has not yet been explained under laboratorial conditions, the higher catches observed at higher temperatures may be both a result of the local fishing dynamics and a warning toward the possibility of future niche expansion, due to climate change. If the latter is confirmed, octopus fisheries in parts of the South Atlantic would need to adapt to a smaller, and thus cheaper, body‐sized species.
Temporal variations in hatch date and early survival of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in response to environmental factors in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Authors: Fujita Tatsunori , Yamamoto Masayuki , Kono Naoaki , Tomiyama Takeshi , Sugimatsu Koichi , Yoneda Michio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReproductive success can be influenced by the match or mismatch between the spawning season and optimal environmental conditions for larval survival. However, it is challenging to understand how temporal factors affect population dynamics. In the central Seto Inland Sea, Hiuchi‐nada, western Japan, the recruitment of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) has markedly decreased in the last decade. To explore the causes of this decline, egg survey and commercial catch data from 1994 to 2019 (26 years) between April and August were used to examine egg production, hatch date, and early survival in relation to environmental factors. Otolith microstructure analysis indicated that most landed larval and juvenile fish (recruits) hatched in May and June. Egg and recruit abundances were negatively correlated over the study period. The survival indices from hatching to recruitment were higher in waters at 16–24°C in a given season until the mid‐2000s. Thereafter, they decreased over the studied temperature range and remained relatively low over the last five years. The copepod nauplii densities from 2015 to 2019 were significantly higher than those from 2002 to 2005 due possibly to the effect of increasing temperature, but the ratio of copepod nauplii density to larval density in May and June from 2015 to 2019 was approximately 34% and 66% of those from 2002 to 2005, respectively. These findings and the hydrodynamic features of these waters suggest that the recent decline in recruit abundance is partly due to a decrease in larval survival in response to increasing intracohort competition for prey in early‐life stages.
The subversive potential of witchcraft: A reflection on Federici's Self‐reproducing movements
Authors: Daskalaki Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis is a theoretical contribution that draws on the work of Silvia Federici, and particularly her book, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the body and primitive accumulation to discuss crises, struggles over social reproduction, and feminist activist organizing. We refer to incidents of women's organizing namely the Parisian pétroleuses (the female supporters of the Paris Commune), the Kurdish Women's Movement in Rojava, the Urban Land committees in Venezuela, and the 21st century witch‐hunting in Africa, and discuss colonial and patriarchal strategies of exploitation and feminist resistance across different space‐times. We then suggest that the struggles over social reproduction are intertwined with resistances that enable women to participate in communities that re‐embed them in the spheres of feminist activism. The article concludes that the crises, including the gendered effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic, should be discussed in relation to our capacity to organize in ways that nurture values of cooperation, equality, solidarity, and care, and eliminate unjust access to rights driven by patriarchal and statist repressive modes of social organization.
PROTECT VIII kids extension study: Long‐term safety and efficacy of BAY 94‐9027 (damoctocog alfa pegol) in children with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Biss Tina , Fischer Kathelijn , Maas Enriquez Monika , Steele MacGregor , Wang Maria , Tseneklidou‐Stoeter Despina , Ahuja Sanjay , Kenet Gili 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionBAY 94‐9027 (damoctocog alfa pegol; an extended half‐life PEGylated recombinant factor VIII [FVIII]) demonstrated efficacy and safety in previously treated paediatric patients (PTPs) aged <12 years with severe haemophilia A in the PROTECT VIII Kids study (NCT01775618).AimTo evaluate the long‐term safety of BAY 94‐9027 in PTPs aged <12 years at enrolment.MethodsIn the PROTECT VIII Kids study, boys <12 years with severe haemophilia A were enrolled in two age cohorts (6–<12 years and <6 years) and treated prophylactically twice weekly, every 5 days or every 7 days, with BAY 94‐9027 for ≥50 exposure days (EDs). Patients who had completed ≥50 EDs and ≥6 months in the main study or 12‐week safety expansion study were eligible to participate in the extension. Primary safety variable was frequency of inhibitor development; main efficacy variable was annualised bleeding rate (ABR).ResultsOf 73 PTPs from the main/expansion studies, 59 (81%) entered the extension phase for a median (range) duration of 5.0 (0.4–5.9) years. Overall, 39 patients completed ≥5 years of treatment. No patients developed FVIII inhibitors/anti‐PEG antibodies, and two patients aged <6 years discontinued. Median ABR for total bleeds was 1.5 (<6 years) and 1.9 (6–<12 years). Total ABR improved in the extension vs. the main study. In the last 12 months of treatment, median spontaneous ABR was 0.0 in both age groups.ConclusionsBAY 94‐9027 showed long‐term safety and efficacy for the prevention and treatment of bleeds in younger and older paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A.
The effect of cultural and psychological characteristics on the purchase behavior and satisfaction of electric vehicles: A comparative study of US and China
Authors: Song Mee Ryoung , Chu Wujin , Im Meeja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis is a viewpoint paper that compares the psychological and behavioral characteristics of electric vehicle (EV) owners in the United States and China. EV is viewed as the dominant next wave of automotive technology and this research is a cross‐cultural study of the two most important automotive markets in the world. In particular, this study surveyed actual EV users in the United States and China, and compared their psychological and behavioral characteristics. The study also shows that motivation for EV usage, reasons for purchase, and satisfaction are different across the two countries. US owners showed a higher propensity to innovate and greater knowledge of EVs than Chinese owners. Even though there was no difference between the two groups in terms of environmental concern, Chinese owners cited reputation and signaling social responsibility as being important considerations in their purchase of an EV, while US owners cited technological innovativeness, driving pleasure, and lower maintenance cost. Satisfaction with EV ownership was affected by economic benefit and environmental concern in China and innovation in the United States. This study shows how culture and stage of motorization are reflected in consumer behavior and satisfaction regarding EVs. EV manufacturers need to be aware of these differences when targeting the two markets.
Spatial Regression With Partial Differential Equation Regularisation
Authors: Sangalli Laura M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis work gives an overview of an innovative class of methods for the analysis of spatial and of functional data observed over complicated two‐dimensional domains. This class is based on regression with regularising terms involving partial differential equations. The associated estimation problems are solved resorting to advanced numerical analysis techniques. The synergical interplay of approaches from statistics, applied mathematics and engineering endows the methods with important advantages with respect to the available techniques, and makes them able to accurately deal with data structures for which the classical techniques are unfit. Spatial regression with differential regularisation is illustrated via applications to the analysis of eco‐colour doppler measurements of blood‐flow velocity, and to functional magnetic resonance imaging signals associated with neural connectivity in the cerebral cortex.
Making the world a better place with fintech research
Authors: Lagna Andrea , Ravishankar M. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinancial technology (fintech) is seen as possessing significant potential to provide the poor access to financial services and help them escape the clutches of poverty. Surprisingly, Information Systems (IS) research has engaged little with fintech's promise of fostering financial inclusion for the poor. In the spirit of ‘making a better world with ICTs’, conducting ‘responsible IS research for a better world’ and ‘understanding and tackling societal grand challenges through management research’, we advance a framework for guiding IS research on fintech‐led financial inclusion. Drawing on the IS literature and Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) scholarship, we extrapolate five areas of research that can better illuminate fintech's contributions to financial inclusion: (a) business strategies for fintech‐led financial inclusion; (b) digital artifacts of fintech‐led financial inclusion; (c) business environment of fintech‐led financial inclusion; (d) microfoundations of fintech for financial inclusion; (e) developmental impacts of fintech. We conclude with a discussion of how the five areas offer opportunities for impactful research on fintech and the promise of building a financially inclusive society.
Effects of composition and phase relations on mechanical properties and crystallization of silicate glasses
Authors: Kilinc Erhan , Bell Anthony M. T. , Bingham Paul A. , Hand Russell J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrystallization, mechanical properties, and workability are all important for the commercialization and optimization of silicate glass compositions. However, the inter‐relations of these properties as a function of glass composition have received little investigation. Soda‐lime‐silica glasses with Na2O‐MgO‐CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 compositions relevant to commercial glass manufacture were experimentally studied and multiple liquidus temperature and viscosity models were used to complement the experimental results. Liquidus temperatures of the fabricated glasses were measured by the temperature gradient technique, and Rietveld refinements were applied to X‐Ray powder diffraction (XRD) data for devitrified glasses, enabling quantitative determination of the crystalline and amorphous fractions and the nature of the crystals. Structural properties were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Acoustic echography, micro‐Vicker's indentation, and single‐edge‐notched bend testing methods were used to measure Young's moduli, hardness, and fracture toughness, respectively. It is shown that it is possible to design lower‐melting soda‐lime‐silica glass compositions without compromising their mechanical and crystallization properties. Unlike Young's modulus, brittleness is highly responsive to the composition in soda‐lime‐silica glasses, and notably low brittleness values can be obtained in glasses with compositions in the wollastonite primary phase field: an effect that is more pronounced in the silica primary phase field. The measured bulk crystal fractions of the glasses subjected to devitrification at the lowest possible industrial conditioning temperatures indicate that soda‐lime‐silica glass melts can be conditioned close to their liquidus temperatures within the compositional ranges of the primary phase fields of cristobalite, wollastonite, or their combinations.
Static postural balance between male athletes with intellectual disabilities and their sedentary peers: A comparative study
Authors: Jouira Ghada , Srihi Selim , Kachouri Hiba , Ben Waer Fatma , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports showed that athletes without disabilities have better postural skills than their sedentary peers. This finding has not been elucidated in athletes with intellectual disabilities despite their decreased postural balance. This study aims to investigate static postural balance in track and field athletes with intellectual disabilities compared to their sedentary peers.MethodsEighteen track and field athletes with intellectual disabilities (23.5 ± 4.52 years) and 18 sedentary peers (20.3 ± 3.4 years) participated in this study. A stabilometric platform was used to assess static postural balance in bipedal and unipedal stances with open (OE) and closed (CE) eyes.ResultsIn OE, the result showed significantly better static postural balance (CoPVm: p < .001; CoParea: p < .001) in athletes compared to the sedentary ones in both stances. In CE, this difference was not observed in the unipedal stance.ConclusionTrack and field experience may improve static postural balance in athletes with intellectual disabilities, mainly when visual input is available.
The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech (Fagus) species worldwide
Authors: Cai Qiong , Welk Erik , Ji Chengjun , Fang Wenjing , Sabatini Francesco M. , Zhu Jianxiao , Zhu Jiangling , Tang Zhiyao , Attorre Fabio , Campos Juan A. , Čarni Andraž , Chytrý Milan , Çoban Süleyman , Dengler Jürgen , Dolezal Jiri , Field Richard , Frink József P. , Gholizadeh Hamid , Indreica Adrian , Jandt Ute , Karger Dirk N. , Lenoir Jonathan , Peet Robert K. , Pielech Remigiusz , De Sanctis Michele , Schrodt Franziska , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Tang Cindy Q. , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Willner Wolfgang , Yasuhiro Kubota , Fang Jingyun , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis work explores whether the commonly observed positive range size–niche breadth relationship exists for Fagus, one of the most dominant and widespread broad‐leaved deciduous tree genera in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we ask whether the 10 extant Fagus species’ niche breadths and climatic tolerances are under phylogenetic control.LocationNorthern Hemisphere temperate forests.TaxonFagus L.MethodsCombining the global vegetation database sPlot with Chinese vegetation data, we extracted 107,758 relevés containing Fagus species. We estimated biotic and climatic niche breadths per species using plot‐based co‐occurrence data and a resource‐based approach, respectively. We examined the relationships of these estimates with range size and tested for their phylogenetic signal, prior to which a Random Forest (RF) analysis was applied to test which climatic properties are most conserved across the Fagus species.ResultsNeither biotic niche breadth nor climatic niche breadth was correlated with range size, and the two niche breadths were incongruent as well. Notably, the widespread North American F. grandifolia had a distinctly smaller biotic niche breadth than the Chinese Fagus species (F. engleriana, F. hayatae, F. longipetiolata and F. lucida) with restricted distributions in isolated mountains. The RF analysis revealed that cold tolerance did not differ among the 10 species, and thus may represent an ancestral, fixed trait. In addition, neither biotic nor climatic niche breadths are under phylogenetic control.Main ConclusionsWe interpret the lack of a general positive range size–niche breadth relationship within the genus Fagus as a result of the widespread distribution, high among‐region variation in available niche space, landscape heterogeneity and Quaternary history. The results hold when estimating niche sizes either by fine‐scale co‐occurrence data or coarse‐scale climate data, suggesting a mechanistic link between factors operating across spatial scales. Besides, there was no evidence for diverging ecological specialization within the genus Fagus.
Combined management of esophagopericardial fistula sustained after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dhaliwal Karanpreet K. , Pawa Rishi , Lata Adrian L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment modality for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, serious complications can occur. We present the case of a highly morbid consequence, the esophagopericardial fistula (EPF).Case: A hemodynamically unstable patient with a history of AF and recent RFA presented with chest pain and was found to have pneumopericardium and pericardial effusion. The patient went to the operating room emergently for combined management with surgical pericardial window and endoscopic stent placement.Conclusion: EPF must be on the differential diagnosis while evaluating patients who develop constitutional symptoms or sudden onset chest pain days or weeks after catheter ablation for AF. Early detection followed by aggressive management with a combined surgical and endoscopic approach may be considered for successful treatment of this type of postablation esophageal perforation if an atrioesophageal fistula is effectively ruled out.