bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric Constraints via Page Curves: Insights from Island Rule and Quantum Focusing Conjecture
Authors: Yu Ming-Hui , Ge Xian-Hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Exploring the inverse problem tied to the Page curve phenomenon and island paradigm, we investigate the geometric conditions underpinning black hole evaporation where information is preserved and islands manifest, giving rise to the characteristic Page curve. Focusing on a broad class of static spherical symmetry black hole metrics in asymptotically Minkowski or (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes, we derive a pivotal constraint: the second derivative of blacken factor $f^{\prime \prime}(r_h)<\frac{6 \kappa A^{\prime}(r_h)}{cG_N}$ for which the island exists and reproduce the Page curve. On the other hand, starting from the quantum focusing conjecture theory, we obtain another constraint on the blacken factor: $f^{\prime \prime}(r_h)< \frac{6 \kappa^2 r_h A^{\prime}(r_h) e^{2\kappa r_{\star}(b)} }{cG_N f(b)}$ that the theory can be satisfied. In particular, by studying these two constraints, we find that a common properties. Specifically, we reveal that a universally criterion -- manifested in the negativity of the second derivative of $f(r)$, i.e. $f^{\prime \prime} (r)<0$, in proximity to the event horizon where $r \sim r_h+ {\cal O} (G_N)$, ensures the emergence of Page curves and follows the quantum focusing conjecture in a manner transcending specific theoretical models. Finally, we argue that the negativity of the second derivative of the blacken factor $f(r)$ near the event horizon strongly indicates negative heat capacity, which implies that black holes with a negative heat capacities must have islands and satisfy the quantum focusing conjecture.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Time-dependent prognostic accuracy measures for recurrent event data
Authors: Dey R , Schaubel D E , Hanley J A , Saha-Chaudhuri P 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In many clinical contexts, the event of interest could occur multiple times for the same patient. Considerable advancement has been made on developing recurrent event models based on or that use biomarker information. However, less attention has been given to evaluating the prognostic accuracy of a biomarker or a composite score obtained from a fitted recurrent event-rate model. In this manuscript, we propose novel measures to characterize the prognostic accuracy of a marker measured at baseline in the presence of recurrent events. The proposed estimators are based on a semiparametric frailty model that accounts for the informativeness of a marker and unobserved heterogeneity among patients with respect to the rate of event occurrence. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed accuracy estimators and demonstrate these estimators’ finite sample performance through simulation studies. The proposed estimators have minimal bias and appropriate coverage. The estimators are applied to evaluate the performance of a baseline forced expiratory volume, a measure of lung capacity, for repeated episodes of pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Community science brings together natural history collections and historical survey data to understand changing ecological patterns
Authors: Alofs Karen M , King Katelyn B S , Lenard Michael , Schell Justin , Singer Randal A , Wehrly Kevin E , López-Fernández Hernán , Thomer Andrea K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Museum specimens document the impacts of interacting and increasingly pervasive environmental stressors on global biodiversity. Environmental, sampling, and management records are needed to interpret the causes of these changes and address collection biases; however, such data are rarely available in museum catalogues. We outline a process to join collections and associated data using data science workflows in tandem with community science tools. Our approach is illustrated with a case study of lake survey data from Michigan that provide ecological context for catalogued fish specimens. Using the web-based community science platform Zooniverse, we engage stakeholders, public, and educational audiences. Our process includes five key steps: archive assessment and preparing images, workflow development, community engagement and data transcription, data curation, and data archiving. Integrating historical records with museum specimens can clarify environmental impacts on biodiversity over recent history and refine our predictions of future impacts.
Photoredox catalysis using methoxyarenes: mechanistic studies and synthetic applications
Authors: Tayu Masanori , Matsukuma Kakeru , Yamaguchi Tomohisa , Noji Masahiro , Hayashi Satoshi , Ohrui Sayaka , Saito Nozomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bismethoxybinaphthyl was demonstrated to be an effective photoredox catalyst. This study explored the utility of bismethoxybinaphthyl catalysts in various photoredox reactions, including trifluoromethylation, C–H imidation, intramolecular lactonization, benzylation, and reductive coupling via the 1-electron reduction of carbonyl groups. Electrochemical analyses were conducted to determine the redox potential of the bismethoxybinaphthyl catalyst, revealing its notably stronger reducing power compared with representative organic photoredox catalysts. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. It was found that bismethoxybinaphthyl does not form an electron donor–acceptor complex; instead, it facilitates electron transfer through a locally excited state.
The influence of hormonal combined contraceptive in the onset of hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Molinelli Elisa , De Simoni Edoardo , Dragonetti Maria Luisa , Belleggia Sara , Maurizi Andrea , Gambini Daisy , Offidani Annamaria , Simonetti Oriana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by recurrent painful nodules, abscesses and sinus tracts on the apocrine gland-bearing skin. The role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis as well as the use of hormonal treatment in the management of HS is still debated. We performed a retrospective cohort study, including 183 patients, to assess the influence of the combined oral contraceptive (oestrogen–progesterone COC) on HS onset and disease severity. Univariable and multivariable analyses highlighted that the patients undergoing COC therapy had a later onset of HS, more precisely 9.81 years after the patients who have not received COC, independently of body mass index, family history, smoking, acne, age of menarche and concomitant gynaecological disorders. This study suggests that COC use could influence the development and the progression of HS and supports the key role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease.
pH-sensitive liposomal curcumin with good biocompatibility for improving therapeutic efficacy by decreasing DNA methylation level in tumor cells
Authors: Wang Wanxue , Shao Mingzheng , Gong Changkai , Li Chengpeng , Yang Di , Liu Bingqian , Liu Yanqiong , Ma Haiou , Wang Zhenchao , Chen Danping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new type of pH-sensitive liposome nanoparticles encapsulated with curcumin and doxorubicin was prepared and exhibited high specificity for tumor cells. The liposomal curcumin enables the endosome escape and decrease of the genomic methylation level and DNA methyltransferases expression in A549 and K562 cells for improving therapeutic efficacy.
Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults Who Had Previously Received a Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: A Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Nolan Terry , Bhusal Chiranjiwi , Hoberman Alejandro , Llapur Conrado J , Voloshyna Olga , Fink Ezekiel , Gentile Angela , Wallace Garry , Richmond Peter C , Domachowske Joseph B , Mzolo Thembile , Lattanzi Maria , Toneatto Daniela ,   for the BOOST Study Group, Akinsola Adebayo , Ampajwala Madhavi , Arya Mark , Bartlett Andrew , Batra Divya , Bloch Mark Theo , Bordon Jose , Byars William , Carr Jeremy Peter James , Ceballos Ana , de Looze Ferdinandus , Deluca Mercedes , Domachowske Joseph , Farjo Rand , Fink Ezekiel , Gentile Angela , Gilsoul Jennifer , Gunner Elizabeth Anne , Gupta Anil K , Hoberman Alejandro , Hong Matthew , Kasarjian Julie , Llapur Conrado Juan , Mann Darvy , Marc Gonzalo Perez , Matherne Paul G , Mitchell Gretchen , Nolan Terry , Obed Mora Nair , OħMahony John , Richmond Peter , Riera Fernando Oscar , Rok Walter , Saravolatz Louis , Silas Peter , Soto Adriana Elvira , Sullivan Katherine , Surber Joseph , Teijeiro Ricardo Augusto , Tiong Florence , Voloshyna Olga , Wadia Ushma , Wallace Garry , Yut Clifford 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
A MenABCWY vaccine containing 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM vaccine components has been developed to protect against the 5 meningococcal serogroups that cause most invasive disease cases.

Methods
In this phase 3 study, healthy participants aged 15–25 years, who had received MenACWY vaccination ≥4 years previously, were randomized (1:1) to receive 2 MenABCWY doses 6 months apart or 1 MenACWY-CRM dose. Primary objectives were to demonstrate the noninferiority of MenABCWY 1 month postvaccination versus MenACWY-CRM, with a lower limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval above −10% for group differences in 4-fold rise in human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers against serogroups ACWY, and to evaluate reactogenicity and safety. Secondary endpoints included percentages of participants with hSBA titers greater than or equal to the lower limit of quantitation (≥LLOQ) against serogroups ACWY and vaccine antigen-specific serogroup B (MenB) indicator strains.

Results
Noninferiority of MenABCWY versus MenACWY-CRM was demonstrated following each MenABCWY dose. Percentages of participants with hSBA titers ≥LLOQ for serogroups ACWY were 97.9%–98.9% and 99.5%–100% following 1 and 2 MenABCWY doses, respectively, and 96.8%–99.0% following 1 MenACWY-CRM dose. After 2 MenABCWY doses, 75.6%–96.3% of participants had hSBA titers ≥LLOQ against MenB indicator strains. The MenABCWY vaccine was well tolerated in MenACWY-primed individuals, with a favorable safety profile.

Conclusions
Immune responses against serogroups ACWY following 1 and 2 doses of investigational MenABCWY vaccine are noninferior to those following MenACWY-CRM in MenACWY-primed adolescents and young adults. Robust immune responses were observed against MenB indicator strains after 2 MenABCWY doses administered 6 months apart.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04707391.
Virologic Failure and Emergent Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Drug Resistance With Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Treatment: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Perez Navarro Andrea , Nutt Cameron T , Siedner Mark J , McCluskey Suzanne M , Hill Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The long-acting injectable regimen of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) emerged as an alternative to oral standard-of-care integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)–based regimens for individuals with adherence challenges or preference for reduced dosing schedules. Although oral INSTI regimens have a high barrier to emergent resistance, less is known about the potency and durability of CAB/RPV.

Methods
We reviewed clinical trial registries, PubMed, EMBASE, and conference abstract databases to identify reports of CAB/RPV for HIV therapy. We abstracted data on virologic failure (VF) and treatment-emergent INSTI resistance at 48 weeks (range: 24–52). We used single-proportion meta-analysis to summarize outcomes in 3 populations: antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naive individuals initiating CAB/RPV following suppression on oral ART, ART-experienced individuals switched to CAB/RPV with virologic suppression, and ART-experienced individuals switched to CAB/RPV with detectable viremia. Cochrane's RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-1 tools assessed risk of bias.

Results
Thirty-three studies (N = 9224) reported VF prevalence. Nineteen studies (N = 5662) reported resistance data. VF prevalence was 1% (95% CI: 1%–3%) in induction-maintenance studies, 1% (1%–2%) in switch-suppressed studies, and 5% (3%–10%) in switch-viremic studies. INSTI resistance prevalence among successfully genotyped participants at failure was 71% (25%–95%), 61% (44%–75%), and 41% (20%–65%) respectively. Dolutegravir cross-resistance was common (64% of those with emergent resistance).

Conclusions
Although VF rates with CAB/RPV were low, INSTI resistance emerged in approximately 40%–70% of individuals experiencing VF. These rates are significantly higher than those for oral INSTI-based regimens. Both individual-level and broader resistance surveillance may be warranted in populations with expanding CAB/RPV use.
Clinical Trials Registration. PROSPERO registration CRD42024543919.
Atrial Fibrillation After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Among Older Adults
Authors: Birabaharan Morgan , Johns Scott T , Kaelber David C , Martin Thomas C S , Mehta Sanjay R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine clinical trials reported higher frequencies of atrial fibrillation in intervention compared with control groups. In this large, population-based, propensity-matched study, we found that RSV vaccine was not associated with increased risk of new-onset or recurrent atrial fibrillation within 1–42 days, compared with influenza or tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccines.
The Application of Digital PCR as a Reference Measurement Procedure to Support the Accuracy of Quality Assurance for Infectious Disease Molecular Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Falak Samreen , O’Sullivan Denise M , Cleveland Megan H , Cowen Simon , Busby Eloise J , Devonshire Alison S , Valiente Esmeralda , Jones Gerwyn M , Kammel Martin , Milavec Mojca , Vierbaum Laura , Schellenberg Ingo , Zeichhardt Heinz , Kummrow Andreas , Vallone Peter M , Macdonald Rainer , Huggett Jim F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) assist in the diagnosis of numerous infectious diseases. They are typically sensitive and specific and can be quickly developed and adapted. Far more challenging is the development of standards to ensure NAATs are performing within specification; reference materials take time to develop and suitable reference measurement procedures (RMPs) have not been available. This study investigated digital PCR (dPCR) RMP delivery of traceability for NAAT external quality assessment (EQA).

Methods
Three National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) applied reverse transcription (RT)-dPCR as a candidate RMP to estimate the RNA quantity in 32 independent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 materials. The results were combined to value assign the respective materials: 21 materials were used in 6 rounds of EQA over 17 months for 61 laboratories for COVID-19 testing results compared with reference values.

Results
The agreement between the 3 NMIs showed &lt;2-fold difference between laboratories. EQA laboratory reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) values estimation of viral RNA quantity showed good median agreement with RT-dPCR reference value; however, RT-qPCR differences were generally between 10- and 50-fold between laboratories.

Conclusion
This work demonstrates how RT-dPCR can provide reference values for whole virus materials for NAAT quality assurance. RT-dPCR values guided EQA control material selection and provided EQA participants with traceability to RNA copy number delivered through the RMP. This approach can be used to support routine reference material use as well as to standardize quality assurance for NAATs where established reference materials are not available, such as in disease outbreaks.
Remnant Cholesterol: Quantification, Concentrations by Sex and Age, and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Balling Mie , Afzal Shoaib , Varbo Anette , Nordestgaard Børge G , Langsted Anne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Observational and genetic causal studies have shown an association between high concentrations of remnant cholesterol and increased risk of ischemic heart disease. However, findings from randomized intervention trials that reduced plasma triglycerides, a surrogate marker of remnant cholesterol, have been conflicting. The exact mechanisms by which remnant cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis and, ultimately, ischemic heart disease remain incompletely understood. Additionally, insight on sex and age differences and the importance of measurement differences of remnant cholesterol in plasma concentrations and risk of ischemic heart disease are sparse.

Content
This review covers current knowledge regarding remnant cholesterol and its role in ischemic heart disease, with particular attention to measurement and sex- and age-specific differences.

Summary
Findings from observational, genetic, and mechanistic studies support the notion that higher remnant cholesterol may be an important cause of ischemic heart disease in both women and men. Concentrations of remnant cholesterol vary by age, with a sharp increase at early adulthood for men and around menopause for women. Remnant cholesterol can be calculated from a standard lipid profile and in addition measured directly using manual ultracentrifugation, automated assays, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Irrespective of the method used to assess plasma concentrations, high concentrations of remnant cholesterol are consistently associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease in observational and genetic causal studies; cholesterol rather than triglycerides in remnants drive this risk. Importantly, results from ongoing randomized clinical trials aiming specifically at lowering remnant cholesterol and ischemic heart disease are eagerly awaited.
Local conditions drive interpopulation variation in field-based critical thermal maximum of brook trout
Authors: Stewart Erin M C , Bowman Jacob C , Wilson Chris C , Raby Graham D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Individual- and population-level responses to thermal change will be pivotal for species’ resilience and adaptive responses to climate change. Thermal tolerance of ectotherms has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, but comparatively few studies have assessed intra- and interpopulation variation under natural conditions or in situ. We measured field critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations at twenty sites across Ontario, Canada, to assess their thermal tolerance in situ and examine potential factors underlying intraspecific variation in thermal performance. We modelled CTmax as a function of acclimation using short-term stream temperature data to assess interpopulation variation, and used full-season stream temperatures to calculate thermal safety margins (TSM) for each population. CTmax ranged between 27.41 and 30.46°C and acclimation periods between 4 and 40 days were strong predictors of site CTmax, aligning closely with lab-based studies. Seasonal temperature profiles varied substantially among sites, with mean 30-day stream temperature accounting for 66% of the among-site variation in CTmax. TSMs ranged between 0.51 and 15.51°C and reflected differences among site thermal regimes. Streams in watersheds with more urban or agricultural development had the lowest TSMs in addition to those that were fed by lake surface water. This work emphasizes the importance of locally based conservation and management practices that act at or below the population level, as local factors beyond acclimation temperature were partly responsible for variation in thermal tolerance and thus dictate the resiliency of brook trout under climate change.
Ecological features of upriver migration in Kitakami River chum salmon and their connection to aerobic thermal performance
Authors: Abe Takaaki K , Kitagawa Takashi , Iino Yuki , Ito Motohiro , Sato Katsufumi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The physiological performance of ectotherms is influenced by temperature, raising concerns about the impact of global warming on ectotherms. Understanding the relationship between ecologically relevant temperatures and the physiological performance of ectotherms provides a basis for assessing their resilience to changing environments. Absolute aerobic scope (AAS) is a functional metric of the thermal performance of aquatic ectotherms. The thermal profile of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) returning to the Kitakami River, Japan, in early October has already been explored in a previous study; however, the ecological aspects of their upriver migration (e.g. spawning site, migratory duration and experienced temperature) and their connection to AAS thermal profiles are not fully understood. To address this gap, we released 53 marked chum salmon throughout the spawning season (October–November), of which 48 were tracked using radio telemetry. Over 3 years, 18 were successfully tracked to their spawning sites, and 13 were tracked partway. The longest track was 93 km. The spawning sites of Kitakami River chum salmon depended on migration timing, with earlier run salmon tending towards upriver sites. Chum salmon returning in October spawned in the middle basin, typically requiring &gt;5 days to reach the spawning sites, whereas those returning in November spawned in the lower sections in 1–3 days. Comparing the estimated thermal occupancy of migrating salmon with the published AAS profile, we found that Kitakami River chum salmon in early October spent almost all of their time within the optimal temperature window for AAS and tended to be below the peak temperature of AAS. Our findings provide a basis for the ecological features of migrating chum salmon in rivers and shed light on their aerobic thermal performance in the natural environment.