bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Phase Stability in Low-Activation TiVTa-Based Alloys Through CALPHAD-Guided Design
Authors: Lu Shuqing , Zhang Zhouran , Tang Yu , Li Shun , Bai Shuxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) hold promise for next-generation plasma-facing materials, but their susceptibility to phase instability at intermediate temperatures (500–800°C) hinders their long-term use as structural nuclear materials. This study employed a CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach to rationally design several novel non-equimolar TiVTa and Cr-doped TiVTa alloys with enhanced phase stability and discovered the phase stability of which at different temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the exceptional phase stability of Ti33V33Ta34, Ti29V28Ta43, Ti34V30Ta36 and Cr-doped TiVTa alloys, which retained a single BCC phase after heat treatment at 500°C and 700°C for 24 h. However, increasing Cr additions led to the precipitation of a Laves phase along grain boundaries within the vicinity of Ti-rich HCP phase region. This study demonstrates the power of integrating CALPHAD predictions with further experimental validation to accelerate the development of low-activation, high-temperature stable MPEAs for demanding applications.
Study of Heavy Metal Encapsulation in Geopolymerized Industrial Waste by Sequential Extraction
Authors: Angelova Lyudmila , Burduhos-Nergis Dumitru Doru , Surleva Andriana , Sandu Andrei Victor , Ilieva Darya , Chernev Georgi , Vizureanu Petrica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The valorization of industrial waste is a part of the circular economy strategy of the European Union. The study of the potential mobility of heavy metals has been performed by the BCR sequential procedure. Additionally, the same procedure was applied to the obtained geopolymers to study the level of heavy metal encapsulation in the geopolymer matrix and, correspondingly, the environmental footprint of the newly obtained materials. For verification of the sequential extraction, the BCR procedure and CRM BCR 701 were chosen. In this study, the BCR procedure was modified by lowering the weight of the sample but maintaining the solid-to-liquid ratio, as well as applying different procedures for supernatant separation. ICP-OES measurement was used for determination of Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Cr in the leachates. The amount of extracted metals in the sequential procedure agreed with the certified values; however, some discrepancies in individual steps were observed. The BCR procedure was applied to fly ash, mine tailings, and geopolymer samples. Different indices were calculated from the BCR data to assess the environmental footprint of the studied materials. A high efficiency of encapsulation in the geopolymer matrix was observed for Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Copper showed increased mobility in the geopolymer samples.
Radon (222Rn) as a tracer of cave air exchange
Authors: FIJAŁKOWSKA–LICHWA Lidia , TYC Andrzej , PRZYLIBSKI Tadeusz A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRadon (222Rn) was employed as a tracer of seasonal, diurnal and hourly-scale cave air flow. Niedźwiedzia Górna Cave in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, having a well-studied thermal regime representative of similar underground spaces in the temperate climate, was chosen for the research. Relationships between changes in 222Rn activity concentration in cave air and changes in cave microclimate parameters (air temperature) and meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure and wind speed) were compared. Data registered at one-hour intervals throughout a period of 8.5 months (from mid-December 2019 to the end of August 2020) were used. On a seasonal scale, the process of cave air exchange with the atmosphere takes place at the upper level of the cave in the first half of the year (from December to June) and at the bottom level - in the first quarter of the year (January-March). The air exchange is inhibited as the atmospheric air temperature equals the average temperature of the air at the lower level of the cave (+ 8.4 °C) in April and May. At the upper level, it is the atmospheric air temperature higher than the temperature inside the cave (+ 8.5 °C) which stops air exchange in July and August. On a diurnal scale, 222Rn is an effective tracer of air exchange lasting about two weeks in winter (January-February) and as a range from 6 to 9 days in transitional periods in April and May. In an hourly cycle, effective air exchange takes place at daytime and ends at night in warmer parts of the cave and starts at night and continues until noon or the afternoon in colder parts.
Biophysical assays to test cellular mechanosensing: moving towards high throughput
Authors: Cubero-Sarabia Marta , Kapetanaki Anna Maria , Vassalli Massimo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mechanosensitivity is the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. In order to do this, cells are endowed with different components that allow them to react to a broad range of stimuli, such as compression or shear forces, pressure, and vibrations. This sensing process, mechanosensing, is involved in fundamental physiological mechanisms, such as stem cell differentiation and migration, but it is also central to the development of pathogenic states. Here, we review the approaches that have been proposed to quantify mechanosensation in living cells, with a specific focus on methodologies that enable higher experimental throughput. This aspect is crucial to fully understand the nuances of mechanosensation and how it impacts the physiology and pathology of living systems. We will discuss traditional methods for studying mechanosensing at the level of single cells, with particular attention to the activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel piezo1. Moreover, we will present recent attempts to push the analysis towards higher throughput.
Effect of Debranning and Process Temperature on the Production of Bioethanol and Distillers’ Dried Grain with Solubles from Triticale
Authors: du Toit Lorinda , Teke George M. , Coetzee Gerhardt , Goosen Neill J. , van Rensburg Eugéne , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVery high gravity (VHG) starch to ethanol fermentation with whole and debranned triticale grains using the conventional (warm) and cold (raw starch) conversion methods were compared, with regards to fermentation performance and the quality of the distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). For both the warm and cold process configurations, debranning increased final ethanol concentration, yield (as % of theoretical maximum) and productivity. Furthermore, debranning decreased the required enzyme dosage of the cold process by 20.7%. The improvements by debranning were achieved by nutrient-recycling from the protease-treated bran and germ hydrolysate to the fermentation slurries of these processes. DDGS produced by the cold debranned process configuration had the highest protein content of 44%, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of 17.8% and 13.8%, respectively, were lower than DDGS from the whole grain, making it the more favourable animal feed ingredient, particularly for monogastric animals.
„Das Schlimmste ist ja Teilnahmeurkunde“
Authors: Schiller Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag nimmt Beurkundung bei den Bundesjugendspielen aus einer subjektivierungstheoretischen Perspektive in den Blick. Aufgrund der kontrovers und mitunter polemisch geführten öffentlichen Diskussionen über die pädagogische Eignung der Bundesjugendspiele gilt das Forschungsinteresse deren subjektbildender Relevanz im Rahmen allgemeiner schulischer Leistungslogiken. Um sowohl die Anerkennungsnormen, welche die Urkunde i. S. eines objektivierten Wissens bereithält, als auch die Subjektpositionen, welche qua Beurkundung angeboten und von Beurkundeten ausgehandelt und eingenommen werden, zu beschreiben, wurden das Artefakt Urkunde sowie Gruppeninterviews mit Schüler*innen einer vierten Klasse, die an den Bundesjugendspielen teilgenommen haben, einer Adressierungsanalyse unterzogen. Die Befunde beschreiben ein gleichermaßen verpflichtendes wie traditionelles Ritual, welches spezifische Sportlichkeits- und Fähigkeitsordnungen reproduziert, denen sich weitgehend fraglos unterworfen wird und die zugleich als sozial folgenreich beschrieben werden. Die empirischen Befunde bieten neben Anschlussperspektiven für Forschung auch Anknüpfungspunkte für sportpädagogische Reflexionen der Schulveranstaltung.
Machtvolle Verwicklungen ent-wickeln: Prinzipien rassismuskritischer Organisationsentwicklung in Bildungseinrichtungen
Authors: Danquah Jennifer , Egetenmeyer Regina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungBildungseinrichtungen sind lernende Organisationen, die die Aufgabe haben, eigenen rassialisierenden Verwicklungen zu begegnen. Eine Adressierung dieser Verwicklungen kann mithilfe von Ent-wicklungsprozessen geschehen. Zur Implementierung organisationaler Ent-wicklungsprozesse werden aus rassismuskritischen Analyseperspektiven vier Prinzipien abgeleitet: (1) Wissensbestände ent-rassialisieren, (2) Positionsreflexivität üben, (3) Intersektionales Bewusstsein etablieren und (4) Postkommunitäre Solidarität leben. Die Prinzipien können als Orientierungsgrundsätze aufgegriffen werden, die es (non-)formalen Bildungseinrichtungen ermöglichen können, sich mit der eigenen Involviertheit in rassialisierenden Machtdynamiken auseinanderzusetzen und diesen reflexiv zu begegnen.
Integrating Clinical Presentation with Patient Encounter Experience and Community-Based Activities in the Pre-clerkship Curriculum. An Example of a Framework for Design, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Black Asa , Goodwin Richard , Nathaniel Thomas I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe urgent need to enhance medical students’ clinical problem-solving skills even in the pre-clerkship phase ushered in several initiatives in the medical school curriculum. One of such initiative is the introduction of clinical presentation activities combined with patient encounter experience and community-based activities in the first year of medical school. The study described the design, implementation, and evaluation of a medical school curriculum that integrates clinical presentation activities with patient encounter experience and a community-based educational program. For the clinical presentation, a two-tailed, Student’s t-test showed a significant and higher performance in the summative assessments when compared with the formative assessment (P < 0.01). The KR-20 value for the reliability was between 0.69 and 0.92. For the patient interaction experience and community-based stroke education program, medical students demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) higher perception of their experience in all assessment categories in the post-test evaluation. An integrated curriculum that allows students to directly interact with patients, families, and community members may add a positive context and engagement experience to make a difference in the education of future physicians.
The ideal gas law: derivations and intellectual background
Authors: Rapp-Kindner Ildikó , Ősz Katalin , Lente Gábor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A detailed overview of the origins and possible derivations of the ideal gas law are given in this lecture text. The tacit assumptions in the usual textbook derivations are identified and ways of thought are proposed to justify their use. It is shown that the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the particle in a box model is very closely connected to the ideal gas law. A detailed derivation is presented on how equipartition and the Boltzmann distribution lead to the velocity and speed distributions observable in ideal gases. Major emphasis is given to the mathematical consequences of the lack of direction dependence in these properties. General formulas are introduced and proved to describe the thermodynamics of ideal gases. During the derivations, a method for students to employ computer-aided symbolic calculations using the Wolfram Alpha web-based service is also described.
How would Automation Impact Employment in the Manufacturing Sector of Bangladesh? An Empirical Projection
Authors: Uddin Mahtab , Islam Farhin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing the two rounds of the Survey of Manufacturing Industries, this paper empirically investigates the likely scenarios of the impacts of technological progress on sectoral employment by divisions in the manufacturing sector in Bangladesh. We performed multiple linear regression of output on labour, capital stock, region fixed effects, year fixed effect, and cluster our robust standard errors at the industrial classification to obtain the Solow residual where the technology parameter comes from the residual of this regression. Then, we introduce advancements in the technology parameter and estimate the impacts on the labour, holding other things fixed. The manufacturing industry in Bangladesh has a total of 5.3 million employees, with the majority in the textile and apparel sector. A 15% increase in productivity due to technological advancement would eliminate 688,000 jobs in Bangladesh, a 30% increase would eliminate 1.22 million, and a 50% increase would result in a dire consequence, with a total job loss of 1.8 million. The largest affected sectors are textiles and apparel. Dhaka would be affected most, followed by Chattogram, Rajshahi, and Khulna. Assuming a 10% annual growth in the industry, the net increase in total manufacturing employment would be 2.02 million in 2025. The unemployment we have forecasted will not occur with the rise in technology if the technology is augmenting instead of labour replacing.
Numerical investigation of aerator position effects on two-phase flow and hydraulic efficiency in morning glory spillway
Authors: Kalateh Farhoud , Aminvash Ehsan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research examines the role of two-phase flow formation in crown control performance and orifice performance of Morning Glory spillways. The impact of an aerator was investigated through 3D simulations of the two-phase flow pattern within the Morning Glory spillway, focusing on optimal installation positions to mitigate negative pressure and prevent cavitation. ANSYS Fluent software was employed for the simulations. Results revealed significant negative pressures within the vertical shaft, with the aerator impacting only a small portion of this area. Geometric adjustments led to a reduction in negative pressures around the connection area, shifting them toward the beginning of the horizontal shaft. Additionally, these modifications resulted in a 50% decrease in negative pressures in the vertical shaft. The final design demonstrated an 81.6 and 50% decrease in cavitation index in the elbow and vertical shaft, respectively, compared to the initial design.
Relationships between Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Inter-Student Bullying in Finnish Physical Education
Authors: Kokkonen Juha , Gråstén Arto , Kokkonen Marja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract This study explored the profiles of 175 teachers’ self-efficacy (TSE) in elementary, vocational, and higher physical education (PE) and examined teachers’ perceptions of inter-student bullying as outcomes of these profiles. The links between teachers’ perceptions of inter-student bullying and teaching level, teaching experience, tertiary education, gender, and age covariates were also analysed. The Latent cluster analysis (LCA), based on cross-sectional data collected via an anonymous online survey, revealed three profiles (low, intermediate, and high). Physical education teachers with low teaching-efficacy profiles reported more frequent inter-student bullying in PE than teachers with intermediate and high profiles. Regarding the low teaching-efficacy profile, tertiary education emerged as a significant covariate for bullying indicating that PE teachers with Master in Sport Science degree scored higher frequency in inter-student bullying than teachers with other degrees. In the intermediate profile, younger and more experienced PE teachers reported more frequent inter-student bullying than older and less experienced counterparts of the same cluster. Organisations responsible for teachers’ education and voluntary professional development must consider the diversity of TSE, regarding teachers’ age, teaching experience, and educational level, by tailoring pedagogical practices to promote bully-free PE for students.
Climate risk perception and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers in The Gambia
Authors: Lambarraa-Lehnhardt Fatima , Ceesay Sheriff , Ndiaye Mohamed Ben Omar , Thiaw Diatou , Sawaneh Mamma 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate risk poses significant challenges to agriculture in The Gambia, especially for smallholder farmers reliant on rain-fed farming. Adaptation efforts will be ineffective unless farmers' perspectives of climate change are understood. The objectives are to examine smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate risk, identify their adaptation strategies, and examine the factors that influence the adoption of these adaptation strategies at farm and off-level. Data were collected from 420 smallholder farmers across three regions of rural Gambia using a survey and multistage sampling technique. Binary logistic and multivariate probit models were used to analyse the determinants of farmers' decision to adopt adaptation strategies. The empirical result of the binary logistic model indicates that land tenure, access to government support, access to markets, witness to extreme weather events, and climate change perception influenced farmers' choice to adopt adaptation measures. The findings further indicate that female farmers are less likely to adopt adaptation measures. However, the multivariate probit model revealed that age, education, access to extension services, membership of farm groups, and perceived climate change are the main determinants of on-farm adaptation strategies. Off-farm strategies such as petty business are mainly influenced by being female, middle age, and primary education. The results suggest that gender-disaggregated support and targeted policies are necessary to encourage the adoption of adaptation strategies among female farmers. It is recommended that the government enhance access to credit, provide tailored support for women farmers, and improve extension services to foster effective adaptation in rural Gambia.
Embryo selection, AI and reproductive choice
Authors: Halsband Aurélie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn reproductive medicine, current research into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve embryo selection has been met with enthusiasm. Within ethics, previous assessments of AI-assisted embryo selection have focused, for example, on liability gaps or risks arising from opaque decision-making. I argue that this focus on the ethical issues raised by AI in embryo selection alone is incomplete because it neglects how AI’s convergence with other innovative reproductive technologies raises further ethical issues. I describe how AI is acting as a catalyst for a social disruption of human reproduction and for a profound change in reproductive morality. The social disruption is the result of the convergence of improved embryo culture, the optimization of embryo selection through AI and the possibility of selecting a screened embryo. This technological interplay creates a pull towards assisted reproduction, even for those prospective parents who can reproduce without medical assistance. In discussing a fictional case of prospective parents, I argue that this social disruption of reproduction is linked to a moral disruption. The moral disruption manifests itself in the deep uncertainty of prospective parents about legitimate ways of procreating. I explain how this uncertainty is rooted in a technology-induced disruption of the concept of reproductive choice. I then outline how the ethical debate about AI-assisted embryo selection should be reframed in light of this moral disruption.
A secure framework for the Internet of Things anomalies using machine learning
Authors: Prakash Vijay , Odedina Olukayode , Kumar Ajay , Garg Lalit , Bawa Seema 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionises modern technology, offering unprecedented opportunities for connectivity and automation. However, the increased adoption of IoT devices introduces substantial security vulnerabilities, necessitating effective anomaly detection frameworks. This Paper proposes a secure IoT anomaly detection framework by utilising four machine learning algorithms such as: Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB). By generating synthetic datasets with induced anomalies, the framework employs AWS IoT Core infrastructure and Python-based analysis to identify irregularities in device performance. The proposed framework achieved a high detection accuracy ranging from 91 to 98% across the tested algorithms, with CART showing the best performance. Key performance metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score, confirmed the model's reliability in distinguishing between normal and anomalous IoT data. Experimental results demonstrate superior detection accuracy across all methods, validating the robustness of the proposed approach. This research offers a scalable solution for IoT security, paving the way for improved anomaly detection and mitigation strategies in connected environments. The integration of machine learning algorithms with IoT infrastructure allows for real-time monitoring and proactive anomaly detection in diverse IoT applications. The proposed framework enhances security measures and contributes to the overall reliability and efficiency of connected systems.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes suppress JAK/STAT signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia in vitro
Authors: Jalilivand Sahar , Nabigol Maryam , Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi Mehdi , Gharehbaghian Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Despite advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), refractory forms of this malignancy and relapse remain common. Therefore, development of novel, synergistic targeted therapies are needed urgently. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be effective in treating various diseases, with most of their therapeutic outcomes attributed to their exosomes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) exosomes on the expression of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling genes involved in AML pathogenesis.

Material and Methods
Exosomes were isolated from BM-MSCs and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and flow cytometry. Subsequently, the exosome concentration was estimated using the bicinchoninic acid assay, and HL-60 cells were cocultured with 100 µg/mL of BM-MSC exosomes. Finally, the JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 expression levels were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results
The exosome characterization results confirmed that most isolated nanoparticles exhibited a round morphology, expressed CD9, CD63, and CD81, which are specific protein markers for exosome identification, and ranged between 80 and 100 nm in diameter. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 in HL-60 cells treated with 100 μg/mL of BM-MSC exosomes.

Conclusion
Since JAK/STAT signaling contributes to AML survival, our findings suggest that the downregulation of JAK/STAT genes by BM-MSC exosomes in leukemic cells may aid in designing a potent therapeutic strategy for AML treatment.