bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myiasis Absent Wohlfahrtiimonas Chitiniclastica Bacteremia in a Lung Cancer Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Dovjak Peter , Kroissenbrunner Michael , Iglseder Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A gruesome infection was found in a woman with advanced lung tumor and associated malnutrition. Worldwide, bacteremia with Wohlfartiimonas chitiniclastica was only found in 13 cases yet.Case presentation: This is the first case in Austria and the first case without infestation of maggots.Conclusions: This germ may be considered as an emerging human pathogen not only in patients with poor personal hygiene, difficult social circumstances, alcohol dependence or chronic wounds.AbstraktEine grauenhafte Infektion wurde bei einer Patientin mit fortgeschrittenem Lungentumor und Malnutrition gefunden. Bisher wurden weltweit erst 13 Fälle mit einer Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica - Bakteriämie beschrieben. Dieser erste Fall in Österreich manifestierte sich ohne eine Infestation mit Maden. Dieses Bakterium kann als neuer Krankheitserreger betrachtet werden, der nicht nur bei Patienten unter mangelnder Hygienebedingungen, schwierigen sozialen Verhältnissen, Alkoholabhängigkeit oder chronischen Wunden auftreten kann.
The Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in the Management of Patients With Painful Spinal Osteoblastic Metastases
Authors: Wu Wence , Liu Huanmei , Zhang Xinxin , Yu Shengji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of minimally invasive approach for painful spinal osteoblastic metastases by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods: A total of 30 patients (11 males and 19 females, average age, 58.9 ± 8.7 years) with 56 spinal osteoblastic lesions underwent PKP under conscious sedation were reviewed retrospectively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was employed to assess pain. Karnofsky performance score (KPS), quality of life (QOL) score (short form with 36 questions) and related complications were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the procedures.Results: All patients underwent PKP successfully and the pain was significantly alleviated after PKP. Mean VAS scores decreased significantly from 6.07 ± 1.84 preoperatively to 2.70 ± 1.56 at 3 days after PKP (P<0.001), and remained largely immutable at 1 month (2.03 ± 0.72; 30 patients; P<0.001), 3 months (2.38 ± 1.24; 29 patients; P<0.001) and 1 year (3.04 ± 1.00; 26 patients; P<0.001). Mean KPS and QOL scores were 59.33 ± 19.11 and 91.20 ± 12.88 preoperatively and improved to 69.31 ± 19.81 (P < 0.001) and 99.61 ± 12.29 (P < 0.001) at 3 months after PKP, respectively. Two (6.7%) patients suffered from the leakage of bone cement.Conclusions: As a minimally invasive surgery, PKP may not only effectively allevated the pain, but also safely improved the QOL of spinal osteoblastic metastatic patients.
Vibrational spectroscopy analysis of ligand efficacy in M2R
Authors: Katayama Kota , Suzuki Kohei , Suno Ryoji , Kise Ryoji , Tsujimoto Hirokazu , Iwata So , Inoue Asuka , Kobayashi Takuya , Kandori Hideki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The intrinsic efficacy of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) reflects the ability of the ligand to differentially activate its receptor to cause a physiological effect. Here we use attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to examine the ligand-dependent conformational changes in the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R). We show that different ligands affect conformational alteration appearing at the C=O stretch of amide-I band in M2R. Notably, ATR-FTIR signals strongly correlated with G-protein activation levels in cells. Together, we propose that amide-I band serves as an infrared probe to distinguish the ligand efficacy in M2R and paves the path to rationally design ligands with varied efficacy towards the target GPCR.
Online chatter detection in robotic machining based on adaptive variational mode decomposition
Authors: Chen Qizhi , Zhang Chengrui , Hu Tianliang , Zhou Yan , Ni Hepeng , Wang Teng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chatter is the main problem that limits the application of industrial robots in the field of machining process. It is critical important to establish an adaptive chatter detection solution for robot machining process and realize the online detection of chatter. However, different from machine tool chatter, the chatter in robotic machining process is more complex to be detected due to the variable stiffness characteristics and weaker stiffness of normal industrial robot, and the existing literature has less research on this problem. This paper presents a comprehensive solution for online chatter detection in robotic machining process. Firstly, in order to detect the chatter in robotic machining process and avoid mode mixing problem in variational mode decomposition (VMD) process, an adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) method based on kurtosis and instantaneous frequency is proposed, which realizes the adaptive selection of the decomposition parameter. Secondly, optimal decomposition parameters are calculated by using genetic algorithm. By optimizing the discrete step length of decomposition parameter, it greatly reduces the optimization time. Last but not least, approximate entropy, energy entropy and proposed entropy drift coefficient are extracted to distinguish chatter and stable machining state. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can meet the real-time requirements of online detection and detect the occurrence of chatter effectively.
Men’s Comfort to Distribute or Receive HIV Self-Test Kits from Close Male Social Network Members in Tanzania: Baseline Results from the STEP Project
Authors: Matovu Joseph KB , Mbita Gaspar , Hamilton Akeen , Mhando Frank , Sims Wynton M. , Thompson Noah , Komba Albert N , Lija Jackson , Zhang Jiajia , Akker Thomas van den , Duncan Dustin , Choko Augustine , Conserve Donaldson F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Few studies have explored alternative strategies for reaching men with HIV self-testing services. In this study, we assessed the factors associated with men’s comfort to distribute or receive HIV self-test kits from close male friends among men who socialize in networks locally referred to as "camps" in Tanzania.
Methods

Data are from a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in June 2019 in 18 social networks or “camps” in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were 18-year-old or older male camp members who were HIV-negative at the time of enrolment. Robust Poisson regression was implemented through the generalized random effect model with the log link to assess the factors associated with being comfortable to receive and/or give out HIV self-test kits to close male members within one’s social network.
Results

Of 505 participants, 67.9% (n = 342) reported that they would be comfortable giving HIV self-test kits to close male friends while 68.2% (n = 344) were comfortable receiving HIV self-test kits from their close male friends. Ever having heard about HIV self-testing (Adjusted Prevalence Rate (Adj. PR): 1.6; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.3, 1.9), willingness to self-test for HIV in front of a sexual partner (Adj. PR: 3.0; 95%CI: 1.5, 6.1) and exposure to peer-led HIV self-testing education and promotion (Adj. PR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.2, 1.7) were significantly associated with being comfortable to receive and/or give out HIV self-test kits to close male members within one’s social network.
Conclusions

Prior awareness of HIV self-testing, willingness to self-test before one’s sexual partner and exposure to peer-led HIV self-testing education and promotion were significantly associated with being comfortable to give or receive HIV self-test kits from close male friends in this population. These findings suggest that distribution of HIV self-test kits through close male friends could improve the proportion of men reached with HIV self-testing services and improve HIV testing rates in this population where uptake remains low.
Quantitative Evaluation of Insulin Injection-induced Abdominal Subcutaneous Dystrophic Tissue Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Sato Genki , Uchino Hiroshi , Shimizu Yosuke , Tatebe Junko , Morita Toshisuke , Hirose Takahisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Subcutaneous dystrophic tissue produced by injection of insulin causes dysglycemia due to inadequate absorption of insulin. However, precise techniques to measure the dystrophic tissue have not been established. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an imaging technology that can quantify tissue stiffness. We evaluated insulin injection-induced dystrophic tissue by SWE. We recruited seven patients with type 2 diabetes who had suspicion of the abdominal dystrophic tissue. Using SWE, we measured the shear wave velocity (SWV) of the dystrophic tissue and the normal adipose tissue as a control. Furthermore, two patients underwent whole abdominal SWE examination and we calculated the proportion of dystrophic tissue. We also performed a subcutaneous insulin tolerance test at both dystrophic tissue and control sites. The mean SWV of the dystrophic tissue was significantly higher than the control (2.87 ± 0.24 vs. 1.34 ± 0.11 m/s, p<0.01). The volume of the dystrophic tissue was 2.94 ± 3.21%. The mean area under the curve of subcutaneous injected Insulin Aspart concentration at the dystrophic tissue sites was lower than control (80.3 ± 31.4 vs. 119 ± 34.2 h*mU/L, p=0.10). The results from this study indicate that SWE can be useful in evaluating abdominal subcutaneous dystrophic tissue.
Expression CMTM6&nbsp;and PD-L1&nbsp;and Their Significance in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Ma Hongyan , Shi Shuai , Zhang Zhigang , Ma Zhihong , liu honggang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family member 6 (CMTM6) and PD-L1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in 41 cases of normal cervical squamous mucosa tissue and 76 cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of CMTM6 between cervical squamous carcinoma and normal squamous mucosa. Results: The results showed that the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in cervical squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal squamous mucosa (p<0.05). There is a positive correlation between the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in cervical squamous carcinoma (p<0.05). There is no correlation between CMTM6 and HPV infection in cervical squamous carcinoma. In addition, CMTM6 expression is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and nerve invasion for cervical squamous carcinoma (p<0.05). PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with the differentiation of cervical squamous carcinoma. Conclusions: The expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 is closely correlated in cervical squamous carcinoma , and may be used as a molecular target for cervical cancer in the future.
Integrating GWAS and Transcriptomics to Identify Genes Involved in Seed Dormancy in Rice
Authors: Shi Jin , Shi Jianxin , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seed dormancy is a key agricultural trait to prevent pre-harvest sprouting in crop plants such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). However, our knowledge of seed dormancy is hampered by the complexities of studying a trait that changes over time after seed harvest, and is complicated by interactions between phytohormones, other regulators, and the environment. Here, we have conducted a genome-wide association study using a panel of 311 natural accessions of cultivated rice, examining a total of 519,158 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to associate with seed dormancy; expression of candidate genes within 100 kb of each QTL was examined in two published, germination-specific transcriptomic datasets. Ten candidate genes, differentially expressed within the first four days post-imbibition, were identified. Five of these genes had previously been associated with awn length, heading date, yield, and spikelet length phenotypes. In addition, previously identified genes involved in hormone signaling during germination were found to be differentially expressed between a japonica and an indica line; SNPs in the promoter of Os9BGlu33 were associated with germination index. Collectively, our results are useful for future characterization of seed dormancy mechanism and crop improvement, and suggest haplotypes for further analysis that may be of use to boost PHS resistance in rice.
The Impact of Panel Composition and Topic on Stakeholder Perspectives: Generating Hypotheses from Online Maternal and Child Health Modified-Delphi Panels
Authors: Khodyakov Dmitry , Park Sujeong , Hutcheon Jennifer , Parisi Sara , Bodnar Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Multi-stakeholder engagement is crucial for conducting health services research. Delphi-based methodologies combining iterative rounds of questions with feedback on and discussion of group results are a well-documented approach to multi-stakeholder engagement. The aim of this study is to develop hypotheses about the impact of panel composition and topic on the propensity and meaningfulness of response changes in multi-stakeholder modified-Delphi panels.Methods: We conducted three online modified-Delphi multi-stakeholder panels using the same protocol. We assigned 60 maternal and child health professionals to a homogeneous (professionals-only) panel, 60 pregnant or postpartum women (patients) to a homogeneous panel, and 30 professionals and 30 patients to a mixed panel. In Round 1, participants rated seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes using 0-100 scale and explained their ratings. In Round 2, participants saw Round 1 results and discussed them using anonymous, moderated online discussion boards. In Round 3, participants revised their original ratings. Our outcome measures included binary indicators of response changes to ratings of low, medium, and high severity maternal and child health outcomes and their meaningfulness, measured by a change of 10 or more points on a 0-100 scale.Results: Participants changed 55% of responses; the majority of response changes were meaningful. We developed three main hypotheses. First, stakeholders may be more likely to change their responses on preference-sensitive topics where there is a range of viable alternatives or perspectives. Second, patients may be more likely to change their responses and to do so meaningfully in mixed panels, whereas professionals may be more likely to do so in homogeneous panels. Third, the association between panel composition and response change may vary according to the topic.Conclusions: Results of our work not only helped generate empirically-derived hypotheses to be tested in future research, but also offer practical recommendations for designing multi-stakeholder online modified-Delphi panels.Registration: International Registered Report Identifier: DERR1-10.2196/16478
Gender Differences in Psychosocial Status of Adolescents During COVID-19: A Six-country Cross-sectional Survey in Asia Pacific
Authors: Wang Jun , Aaron Alec , Baidya Anurima , Chan Christabel , Wetzler Erica , Savage Kevin , Joseph Michael , Kang Yunhee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: School closures and family economic instability caused by the COVID-19 lockdown measures have threatened the mental health and academic progress of adolescents. Through secondary data analysis of World Vision Asia Pacific Region’s COVID-19 response-assessments in May-June 2020, this study examined whether adolescents’ study, physical, and leisure activities, psychosocial status, and sources of COVID-19 information differed by gender. Methods: The assessments used cross-sectional surveys of adolescents in poor communities served by World Vision (n=5552 males and n=6680 females) aged 10-18 years old in six countries. The study households of adolescents were selected either by random sampling or non-probability convenience sampling and assessed using telephone or in-person interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between gender and psychosocial status; daily activities (e.g., play, study); and sources of information about COVID-19.Results: Participation in remote education was low (range: 0.5%-20.7% across countries), with gender difference found only in Vietnam. Compared to males, female adolescents were less likely to play physically with a range of AOR: 0.36-0.55 (n=5 countries) or play video games with a range of AOR: 0.55-0.72 (n=2 countries). Female adolescents were more likely to feel isolated or stressed (India, AOR=1.13, 95%CI:1.00,1.26); feel unsafe (the Philippines, AOR=2.22, 95%CI:1.14,4.33; Vietnam, AOR=1.31, 95%CI:1.03,1.47); be concerned about education (India, AOR=1.24, 95%CI:1.09,1.41; Myanmar, AOR=1.59, 95%CI:1.05,2.40); or be concerned about household income (India, AOR=1.13, 95%CI:1.00,1.28; Vietnam, AOR=1.31, 95%CI:1.09,1.58). Female adolescents were also less likely to obtain COVID-19 related information through internet/social media (Bangladesh, AOR=0.51; 95%CI:0.41, 0.64; India, AOR=0.84; 95%CI:0.73, 0.96; and Myanmar, AOR=0.65; 95%CI:0.43, 0.97) and mobile call or short message (India, AOR=0.88, 95% CI: 95%CI:0.80, 0.98) but more likely to get the information from friends (Vietnam, AOR=1.18, 95%CI:1.02, 1.36) and family (Bangladesh, AOR=1.44. 95% CI:1.21, 1.70; India, AOR=1.29 95% CI:1.15, 1.45).Conclusions: An understanding of gender differences in the impacts of COVID-19 on adolescent’s schooling, physical, and mental health can inform adolescent protection interventions. Psychosocial support during response and recovery phases needs to pay special attention to gender differences, since female adolescents’ psychosocial status is at higher risk when facing the challenges of this pandemic.
High throughput crop genome genotyping by a combination of pool next generation sequencing and haplotype-based data processing
Authors: Schneider Michael , Shrestha Asis , Ballvora Agim , Leon Jens 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe identification of environmentally specific alleles and the observation of evolutional processes is a goal of conservation genomics. By generational changes of allele frequencies in populations, questions regarding effective population size, gene flow, drift, and selection can be addressed. The observation of such effects often is a trade-off of costs and resolution, when a decent sample of genotypes should be genotyped for many loci. Pool genotyping approaches can derive a high resolution and precision in allele frequency estimation, when high coverage sequencing is utilized. Still, pool high coverage pool sequencing of big genomes comes along with high costs.ResultsHere we present a reliable method to estimate a barley population’s allele frequency at low coverage sequencing. Three hundred genotypes were sampled from a barley backcross population to estimate the entire population’s allele frequency. The allele frequency estimation accuracy and yield were compared for three next generation sequencing methods. To reveal accurate allele frequency estimates on a low coverage sequencing level, a haplotyping approach was performed. Low coverage allele frequency of positional connected single polymorphisms were aggregated to a single haplotype allele frequency, resulting in two to 271 times higher depth and increased precision. We compared different haplotyping tactics, showing that gene and chip marker-based haplotypes perform on par or better than simple contig haplotype windows. The comparison of multiple pool samples and the referencing against an individual sequencing approach revealed whole genome pool resequencing having the highest correlation to individual genotyping (up to 0.97), while transcriptomics and genotyping by sequencing indicated higher error rates and lower correlations.ConclusionUsing the proposed method allows to identify the allele frequency of populations with high accuracy at low cost. This is particularly interesting for conservation genomics in species with big genomes, like barley or wheat. Whole genome low coverage resequencing at 10x coverage can deliver a highly accurate estimation of the allele frequency, when a loci-based haplotyping approach is applied. Using annotated haplotypes allows to capitalize from biological background and statistical robustness.
Innovative technological and subsistence responses to marginal environments indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa ~90 000 years ago
Authors: Mackay Alex , Armitage Simon , Niespolo Elizabeth , Sharp Warren , Stahlschmidt Mareike , Blackwood Alexander , Boyd Kelsey , Lagle Susan , Kaplan Chester , Low Marika , Martisius Naomi , McNeil Patricia , Moffat Ian , Rudd Rachel , Steele Teresa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Evidence for complex behaviours appears sporadically through the Middle Stone Age of Africa, leaving unclear the major factors shaping the evolution of human behaviour. Here we present evidence for a novel suite of adaptations in the arid Knersvlake region of southern Africa that were deployed during a specific set of environmental conditions dating 90-80 000 years before present, at the archaeological site Varsche Rivier 003 (VR003). This includes the earliest production of artefacts from ostrich eggshell, long-distance transportation of economic marine molluscs, and stone tool technologies focussed on manufacture of small flakes and blades from deliberately heat fractured blocks of silcrete. Similar evidence is absent from coeval assemblages at sites in less arid areas immediately to the south, and subsequently disappears from VR003 with the onset of more humid conditions. The results indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age, and suggest that marginal subsistence conditions fostered distinctive technological and subsistence innovations.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Eugenyl Acetate from Essential Oil of Clove Using Lipases in Liquid Formulation as Biocatalyst
Authors: Santolin Leandro , Fiametti Karina G. , Lobo Viviane da Silva , Wancura João H. C. , Oliveira José Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research, eugenyl acetate, a compound with flavoring, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was obtained from essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) via liquid lipase-mediated acetylation. Clove essential oil was extracted by drag water vapor from dry flower buds and its physic-chemical characteristics were analyzed. For the enzymatic synthesis, an extensive evaluation of reaction parameters was accomplished through employment of distinct reaction temperatures, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratios, enzyme loads and three different lipases (a lyophilized enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation of sunflower seed with Penicillium sumatrense microorganism and others two commercial lipases – Lipozyme TL 100L and CALB L). Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C) was used to confirm the presence of eugenyl acetate in the samples. Through optimized conditions (55 °C, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratio of 1:1, 10 wt% of Lipozyme TL 100L), 91.80 % of conversion after 2 h was achieved to the eugenyl acetate production. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the use of lipases in liquid formulation is a promising alternative for the synthesis of essential esters largely applied on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.