bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Freezing-Tolerant Rapeseed Material Recognition Using UAV Images and Deep Learning
Authors: Li Lili , Qiao Jiangwei , Yao Jian , Li Jie , Li Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Freezing injury is a serious and common damage that occurs to winter rapeseed during the overwintering period. The freezing injury directly reduces the rapeseed yield and causes serious economic loss. Thus, it is an important and urgent task for crop breeders to find the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials in the process of breeding. Existing large-scale freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition methods mainly rely on the field investigation conducted by the agricultural experts using some professional equipment. These methods are time-consuming, inefficient and laborious. In addition, the accuracy of these traditional methods depends heavily on the knowledge and experience of experts. Methods: To solve these problems of existing methods, we propose a low-cost freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition approach using deep learning technology and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images captured by a consumer drone. We formulate the problem of freezing-tolerant material recognition as a binary classification problem, which can be solved well using deep learning technology. The proposed method can automatically and efficiently recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials from a large number of candidates. To train the deep learning network, we first manually construct the real dataset using the UAV images of rapeseed materials collected by the Phantom 4 Pro. Then, five classic deep learning networks (AlexNet, VGGNet16, ResNet18, ResNet50 and GoogLeNet) are selected to perform the freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition. Result and Conclusion: The accuracy of the five deep learning networks used in our work is all over 92%. Especially, ResNet50 provides the best accuracy (93.33%) in this task. In addition, we also compare deep learning networks with traditional machine learning methods. The comparison results show that the deep learning-based approach significantly outperforms the traditional machine learning-based methods in our task. The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed using UAV images and deep learning.
The Association Between Suicide Risk and Affective Temperaments in First-Episode and Neuroleptic-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yin Lu , Wang Ting-Ting , Wei Yan-Yan , Zhang Li-Gang , Zhou Shuang-Jiang , Zhang Li-Ye , Yu Jian-Jin , Li Hong-Juan , Chen Jing-Xu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Suicide risk is associated with depression. Affective temperaments may play a role in this risk. We explored the relationship between affective temperaments and suicide and identified some traits that can predict suicide risk in depression.
Methods

We analyzed the results of Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in 284 participants recruited from a psychiatric clinic and the community in Beijing and compared the subscale scores (cyclothymic, dysthymic, anxious, irritable and hyperthymic) among major depressive disorder (MDD) versus the general population as well as depressive patients with versus without suicide risk, using student’s test, Chi-square test, rank sum test, multivariable regression modeling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results

The incidence of suicidal risk in depressive subjects was 47.62% (80/168). Being unmarried (P<0.001), unemployment (P=0.007) and temperaments of dysthymic, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritable scores (all P<0.05) were significantly more prevalent in depressive patients than in the general population. A young age (P<0.001), female sex (P=0.037), being unmarried (P=0.001), more severe depression (P<0.001), and dysthymic, anxious and cyclothymic temperament (all P<0.05) were significantly more prevalent in depressive disorder patients with suicide risk than in those without suicide risk. The logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (OR=0.937, 95% CI 0.905~0.970), female sex (OR=2.606, 95% CI 1.142~5.948), more severe depression (OR=1.145, 95% CI 1.063~1.234), cyclothymic temperament (OR=1.275, 95% CI 1.102~1.475) and dysthymic temperament (OR=1.265, 95% CI 1.037~1.542) were all independently associated with high suicidal risk in first-episode major depressive patients (P<0.05). By ROC analysis, the area under the compound factor (age, sex, HAMD score without the 3rd item, cyclothymic and dysthymic temperament) was 0.853 (95% CI 0.790~0.903).
Conclusion

The suicide rate in first-episode neuroleptic-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects was higher than we thought. Temperament traits differ between the general population and those with major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder subjects with much more severe depressive symptoms and cyclothymic or dysthymic temperament were at high risk of suicide. Compound factors (age, sex, HAMD score without the 3rd item, cyclothymic and dysthymic temperament score) could be predictors of suicide risk in the clinic.
Comparing Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Techniques for Thyroid Nodules - Is The Short Axis Better Than The Long Axis?
Authors: Farhat Raed , Wallach Leemor , Avraham Yaniv , Tsipis Alex , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Alkhatib Nidal , Merchavy Shlomo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC US) has been proven to be an accurate and efficient tool in thyroid nodule evaluation. Thyroid nodule aspiration can be acquired with either of two techniques: the short axis, in which only the tip of the needle is observed, and the long axis, in which the entire length of the needle is observed. Our retrospective study aimed to compare the adequacy of the two techniques. Methods: FNAC US was performed in 357 thyroid nodules between January 2019 and December 2019. Data on the technique and the diagnostic accuracy were collected. Results: A total of 181 nodules were aspirated using the long axis technique, and 176 nodules were aspirated using the short axis technique. The diagnostic adequacies of the long axis technique were significantly higher than those of the short axis technique. technique (93% versus 83%, respectively, p< 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, the long axis technique provided more accurate cytological evaluation than the short axis technique.
Perceptions of Self Sampling and Urine Sampling Versus Traditional Pap Smear in Rural Settings of Cuenca Ecuador
Authors: Vega Bernardo , Neira Vivian Alejandra , Ortíz José , Rengel Ruth Maldonado – , López Diana , Guerra Gabriela , Orellana María Paz , Benoy Ina , Carreño Tesifón Parrón , Verhoeven Veronique 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer screening has demonstrated high effectiveness reducing cervical cancer mortality worldwide, however there is still a high rate of under screened women. Pap smear technique is often considered an uncomfortable examination technique that can reduce uptake of the examination. This study explores the perceptions of self sampling and urine sampling versus traditional pap smear in rural settings of Cuenca Ecuador.Methods A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was performed. Focus groups were conducted in El Valle parish of Azuay province of Cuenca Ecuador. Women natives of this rural area were included in this research. Results A total of 45 women, have participated in 7 focus groups, all participants live in rural area. Pap smear technique is considered a painful, intrusive and embarrassing method, however participants believe that is more reliable, compared with self sampling methods, due a direct visualization of the cervix and because other problems could be detected during the examination. Advantages of self-sampling include that it is perceived as comfortable, less painful, participation rate, time-saving, because it can be done at home, and can be made widely available for example through pharmacies or with help of traditional healers . Barriers are related with doubts of the quality of the sample and lack of capability to perform it. Conclusions This study shows that women consider self sampling methods as a possible solution to overcome barriers that could reduce the uptake of cervical cancer screening; privacy, comfortability and accessibility are major advantages of those methods. Self examination at home reduces waiting times in health centers, with high demand of attention or during Covid pandemic. Barriers are mainly related with doubts in the self proficiency to perform the test and the accuracy of the results. Those doubts are understandable, because self sampling methods are never used before in Ecuador, and could be solved with an adequate training and information for the patients. Further studies that measure acceptability and sensitivity in real application are required to address the utility of self sampling methods in a rural context.
Combinatorial Association Mining Method for High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Jiang jianwu , Gong xu , Li jingwen , Lu yanling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low mining efficiency, strong subjectivity and too many association relations generated by classical mining algorithms, a novel algorithm for association rule mining of high-dimensional data is designed in terms of both sample selection and association rule generation. The algorithm reduces the impact of weak samples at the beginning of mining by calculating the distribution coefficients and deletion thresholds of the samples and synthesizing custom support to double screen the samples at the first reading of the dataset. When generating frequent items and association rules, the algorithm mines information in a sample relationship table and sample the full relationship combination mode, which reduces the complexity and resource consumption of the mining process. The experimental results show that the number of frequent items and association rules mined by the Marc algorithm is significantly reduced, and the mining efficiency and memory consumption of the Marc algorithm are better than those of the Apriori, FP growth and Eclat algorithms. The higher the dimension is, the larger the data set is, and the more obvious the advantage is. The accuracy of the Marc algorithm for mining frequent items and association relations is 100%.
Gut Microbiota Structure of Dead Migratory Birds in Dali Nouer Lake, Chifeng City, China, based on Bacterial 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Zheng Lin , Zhu Ling-Wei , liu Ming-Wei , Guan Jia-yao , Xie Lin-Hong , Jing Jie , Lu Ge-Jin , Ji Xue , Chu Dong , Guo Xue-Jun , Chen Ping , Sun Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
21 In August 2018, hundreds of migratory birds died in the area of Dali Nouer Lake, Chifeng City, 22 China. We collected the remains of dead birds along with water and aquatic plants from the birds’ 23 environment. The bacterial communities of all samples were profiled by high-throughput 24 sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA amplicon. At the genus level, 25 Bacteroides, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, Vibrio, Fusobacterium, and Aeromonas were the 26 dominant genera in dead birds, the lake water, and aquatic plants in 2018. However, the relative 27 abundances of these bacterial genera were significantly reduced compared with the levels obtained 28 from healthy migratory bird feces, lake water, and aquatic plants from the same place and time 29 period in 2019. Combined with environmental factors such as the changes in salt content and pH, 30 the invasion and reproduction of those pathogens may have promoted the decline and death of the 31 birds. 32 33
Investigation of Discordant SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Results Using Neat Saliva
Authors: White Dawn , Gu Jimmy , Steinberg Catherine-Jean , Yamamura Deborah , Salena Bruno J. , Balion Cynthia , Capretta Alfredo , Li Yingfu , Brennan John D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Saliva is an attractive sample for coronavirus disease 2019 testing due its ease of collection and amenability to detect viral RNA without processing. Using a direct-to-RT-PCR method with saliva self-collected from confirmed COVID-19 positive volunteers, we observed 32% false negative results. Confirmed negative and healthy volunteer samples spiked with 106 genome copies/mL of heat-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 showed false negative results of 10% and 13%, respectively. Additional sample heating or dilution of the false negative samples conferred modest improvement. These results highlight the potential to significantly underdiagnose COVID-19 infections when testing directly from heterogeneous neat saliva samples.
Comprehending and Acting on Pandemic Health Risk Information Differently: A Qualitative Study Using the Mental Models’ Approach
Authors: Berg Siv Hilde , Shortt Marie Therese , Thune Henriette , Røislien Jo , O’Hara Jane K. , Lungu Daniel Adrian , Wiig Siri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA worldwide pandemic of a new and unknown virus is characterised by scientific uncertainty. Yet, health authorities still need to communicate complex health risk information to the public – despite this uncertainty. The mental models approach to risk communication describes how people perceive and make decisions regarding complex risks, with the aim of identifying decision-relevant information that can be targeted in risk communication interventions. This study used COVID-19 as a case to explore how people make sense of scientific information and apply it to their lives and behaviour using the concept of mental models.MethodsThis qualitative study included 15 male and female participants of different ages and from different geographical regions in Norway, occupational areas and with different education levels. The participants were interviewed individually, and the interview data analysed via directed content analysis, with predetermined themes and codes derived the Norwegian Institute of Public Health’s official website. Materials in the interview data not represented by deductive codes were coded inductively. The participants’ perceptions and behaviours related to health risk information were analysed across three themes: virus transmission, exposure to risk and consequences of COVID-19. ResultsThe results imply that people put different meanings to the medical and scientific words used by experts to explain the pandemic, e.g. virus transmission and the reproduction number. And while some people expressed the need to comprehend why certain behavior and activities involve a high risk, others preferred simple, clear messages focusing on what to do and how to protect themselves. Similarly, information about health consequences caused panic for some and awareness for others. ConclusionThere is no one-size fits all to public health risk communication, and empowering people with decision-relevant information necessitates targeted and balanced risk communication.
A whole-brain monosynaptic input connectome to neuron classes in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Yao Shenqin , Wang Quanxin , Hirokawa Karla , Ouellette Benjamin , Ahmed Ruweida , Bomben Jasmin , Brouner Krissy , Casal Linzy , Caldejon Shiella , Cho Andy , Dotson Nadezhda , Daigle Tanya , Egdorf Tom , Enstrom Rachel , Gary Amanda , Gelfand Emily , Gorham Melissa , Griffin Fiona , Gu Hong , Hancock Nicole , Howard Robert , Kuan Leonard , Lambert Sophie , Lee Eric , Luviano Jennifer , Mace Kyla , Maxwell Michelle , Mortrud Marty , Naeemi Maitham , Nayan Chelsea , Ngo Nhan-Kiet , Nguyen Thuyanh , North Kat , Ransford Shea , Ruiz Augustin , Seid Sam , Swapp Jackie , Taormina Michael , Wakeman Wayne , Zhou Thomas , Nicovich Philip , Williford Ali , Potekhina Lydia , McGraw Medea , Ng Lydia , Groblewski Peter , Tasic Bosiljka , Mihalas Stefan , Harris Julie , Cetin Ali , Zeng Hongkui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Identification of the structural connections between neurons is a prerequisite to understanding brain function. We developed a pipeline to systematically map brain-wide monosynaptic inputs to specific neuronal populations using Cre-driver mouse lines and the recombinant rabies tracing system. We first improved the rabies virus tracing strategy to accurately identify starter cells and to efficiently quantify presynaptic inputs. We then mapped brain-wide presynaptic inputs to different excitatory and inhibitory neuron subclasses in the primary visual cortex and seven higher visual areas. Our results reveal quantitative target-, layer- and cell-class-specific differences in the retrograde connectomes, despite similar global input patterns to different neuronal populations in the same anatomical area. The retrograde connectivity we define is consistent with the presence of the ventral and dorsal visual information processing streams and reveals further subnetworks within the dorsal stream. The hierarchical organization of the entire visual cortex can be derived from intracortical feedforward and feedback pathways mediated by upper- and lower-layer input neurons, respectively. This study expands our knowledge of the brain-wide inputs regulating visual areas and demonstrates that our improved rabies virus tracing strategy can be used to scale up the effort in dissecting connectivity of genetically defined cell populations in the whole mouse brain.
scONE-seq: A one-tube single-cell multi-omics method enables simultaneous dissection of molecular phenotype and genotype heterogeneity from frozen tumors
Authors: Wu Angela , Yu Lei , Wang Xinlei , Mu Quanhua , Tam Sindy , Loi Danson , Chan Aden , Poon Wai Sang , Ng Ho-Keung , Chan Danny , Wang Jiguang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity both play important roles in normal cellular function as well as in disease development. To be able to characterize these different forms of cellular heterogeneity in diverse sample types, we developed scONE-seq, which enables simultaneous transcriptome and genome profiling in a one-tube reaction. Previous single-cell-whole-genome-RNA-sequencing (scWGS-RNA-seq) methods require physical separation of DNA and RNA, often by physical separation of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Most of these methods are labor-intensive and technically demanding, time-consuming, or require special devices, and they are not applicable to frozen samples that cannot generate intact single-cell suspensions. scONE-seq is a one-tube reaction which eliminates loss due to transfer steps, and thus is highly scalable and compatible with frozen biobanked tissue, generating data that is superior in quality compared to other applicable methods. We benchmarked scONE-seq against existing methods using cell lines and lymphocytes from a healthy donor, and we applied it to a 2-year-frozen astrocytoma sample profiling over 1,200 nuclei, subsequently identifying a unique transcriptionally normal-like tumor clone. scONE-seq makes it possible to perform large-scale single-cell multi-omics interrogation with ease on the vast quantities of biobanked tissue, which could transform the scale of future multi-omics single-cell cancer profiling studies.
Pulmonary Vascular Volume is Associated With DLCO and Fibrotic Score in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Wu Wen-Jui , Huang Wei-Ming , Liang Chia-Hao , Yun Chun-Ho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is primarily a disease of old age. However, it is difficult to diagnose and has a complex disease course. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and lung function test are crucial for its diagnosis and follow-up. However, the correlation of HRCT findings to lung function test results was not extensively investigated.Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the medical records and images of patients with IPF. Patients with evident emphysema and lung cancer were excluded. All included cases would be investigated through a multidiscipline discussion to confirm the diagnosis. The correlation of CT findings including fibrotic score, CT lung volume, pulmonary artery trunk (PA) diameter and pulmonary vascular volume (PVV) to the lung function test such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was analysed.Results: A total of 32 patients were included. The fibrotic score and PVV were significantly correlated with DLCO (r = 0.59, p = 0.01; r = −0.43, p = 0.03, respectively) but not with FVC. The PVV was significantly correlated with fibrotic score (r = 0.59, p<0.01) and PA diameter (r = 0.47, p = 0.006).Conclusion: Our study shows the structural and functional correlation of IPF. The extent of lung fibrosis (fibrotic score) and PVV were associated with DLCO but not with FVC, especially for patients with IPF without significant FVC deficiency. The PA diameter, which reflects the pulmonary artery pressure, was associated with PVV.
Information Needs of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in Germany: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Breuing Jessica , Könsgen Nadja , Doni Katharina , Neuhaus Annika Lena , Pieper Dawid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundObesity is a worldwide problem with different treatment options. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity; however, it leads to drastic changes (e.g., changes in everyday life and eating behavior) for patients, which may lead to information needs. Our aim was to identify the information needs of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to explore the information provision within the healthcare process of bariatric surgery in Germany.MethodsWe conducted n=14 semi-structured telephone interviews between April 2018 and April 2019. The interview guide was designed prior to the interviews and consisted of 4 main sections (demographic information, pre- and postoperative healthcare provision, information needs). The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with MAXQDA software.ResultsThere were unmet information needs with two factors (time: pre/postoperative and categories of information: general/specific) to be considered. Due to the patients’ description of information, we categorized information into general (different surgical procedures, general nutritional information) and specific (occurring simultaneously with a problem) information. Most patients felt well informed concerning general information. However, it was pointed out that it was not possible to provide complete information preoperatively, as the need for information only arises when there are postoperative (specific) problems. In addition, there seems to be a high demand for specific postoperative information regarding nutrition and nutrition-related problems. However, patients stated that postoperative nutritional counseling is not reimbursed by health insurance funds. The information conveyed in support groups and the exchange of experiences are highly valued by patients. However, some patients describe the information provided within the support groups as unfiltered, frightening or exaggerated.ConclusionOverall, there were unmet information needs. Reimbursement by health insurance funds could increase the use of postoperative nutritional counseling and thus serve existing information needs. Support groups enable an exchange of experiences and therefore offer low-barrier access to information. Cooperation between support groups and healthcare professionals in information provision could be an approach to improving existing information needs or to avoiding the development of information gaps. Furthermore, the development and implementation of a digital solution for (postoperative) information dissemination could be helpful.