bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different plant species exhibit contrasting root traits and penetration to variation in soil bulk density of clayey red soil
Authors: He Yangbo , Wu Zhangli , Zhao Tiemin , Yang Huiyan , Ali Waqar , Chen Jiazhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh bulk density reduces yields in almost every soil and management system worldwide. Using pioneer plants was one of the practical solutions to remediate the adverse effects from high bulk density. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of soil bulk density on root traits and penetration of different pioneer plants (rape [Brassica napus L. cv. Huashuang 4]; deep rape [Brassica napus L. cv. Xinan 28]; lucerne [Medicago sativa L. cv. Ladino]; vetiver [Chrysopogon zizanioides L. cv. Wild]) under controlled and field conditions. Replicated field and laboratory studies were conducted in a soil composition of high clay percentage, high oxides content, and low organic matter content. Seedling and matured root traits of four plants under contrasting bulk density in controlled study and field were analyzed. Under controlled situations, soil with a bulk density of 1.4 g cm–3 had thicker roots (higher diameter) than soil with a bulk density of 1.2 g cm–3, whereas soil with a bulk density of 1.6 g cm–3 had reduced root lengths (RL), branch number, root tip angle, and root elongation rate than soil with a bulk density of 1.4 g cm–3. Similar changes of root diameter (RD) and root length density (RLD) with bulk density also appeared in the field. Generally, the penetration ability of plant species displayed in the order of vetiver > lucerne > deep rape > rape. Vetiver showed the highest penetrating ability due to its high RD (0.7 mm in field), percentage of medium roots (20–50%) and RLD, and small root tip angle to ensure penetration through hard layers. The results demonstrated that vetiver will be an effective pioneer plant for red soil management.
Group contribution‐based LCA models to enable screening for environmentally benign novel chemicals in CAMD applications
Authors: Baxevanidis Pantelis , Papadokonstantakis Stavros , Kokossis Antonis , Marcoulaki Effie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study considers the development of suitable models for the estimation of life cycle assessment (LCA) indices of organic chemicals. Unlike state‐of‐the‐art models, the tools developed here correlate LCA indices with the molecular composition according to the well‐established group contribution (GC) approach. The LCA indices considered here are global warming potential, cumulative energy demand, and Eco‐Indicator 99. The model development uses data from existing LCA databases, where each material is associated with its cradle‐to‐gate LCA metrics. A variety of regression and nonregression methodologies are recruited to achieve the optimum correlation. GC models can be used to screen for molecules with optimal and/or desirable properties, using appropriate molecular design synthesis algorithms. In this framework, the models developed here are linked to the design algorithm to enable the consideration of LCA features together with other properties, for the design of environmentally benign liquid–liquid extraction solvents.
The role of memory practices in building spiritual solidarity for survivors of state violence
Authors: Escobar Jenny 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines memory as a tool for transnational solidarity that is grounded in spiritual connection with those who have been disappeared or killed by state actors in Colombia. Remembering is one of the ways people come together to push against mechanisms of state violence that render survivors as invisible. By interviewing 15 survivors of state violence in Colombia, this study shows how memory is a life force transmitting agency while simultaneously keeping survivors’ memory alive through a network of spiritual solidarity. In this ethnographic research, I ask: How can memory, grounded in spiritual connection, be a form of transnational solidarity and a tool for healing and social justice? The findings offer a powerful definition of spiritual solidarity and show how it is done through memory practices by (1) using memory symbols in everyday actions to connect to loved ones, (2) keeping the memories of loved ones alive by “seeing” them in others and in their surroundings, (3) creating spaces for others to build a spiritual relationship with their own loved ones, and (4) making memory work life's purpose. This article concludes with a set of recommendations for how to conduct community psychology research in service of social justice movements.
Conceptual framework for the definition of preclinical and prodromal frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Alberici Antonella , Samra Kiran , Russell Lucy L. , Greaves Caroline V. , Bocchetta Martina , Ducharme Simon , Finger Elizabeth , Fumagalli Giorgio , Galimberti Daniela , Jiskoot Lize C. , Le Ber Isabelle , Masellis Mario , Nacmias Benedetta , Rowe James B. , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Seelaar Harro , Synofzik Matthis ,   GENFI Consortium, Rohrer Jonathan D. , Borroni Barbara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe presymptomatic stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are still poorly defined and encompass a long accrual of progressive biological (preclinical) and then clinical (prodromal) changes, antedating the onset of dementia. The heterogeneity of clinical presentations and the different neuropathological phenotypes have prevented a prior clear description of either preclinical or prodromal FTD. Recent advances in therapeutic approaches, at least in monogenic disease, demand a proper definition of these predementia stages. It has become clear that a consensus lexicon is needed to comprehensively describe the stages that anticipate dementia. The goal of the present work is to review existing literature on the preclinical and prodromal phases of FTD, providing recommendations to address the unmet questions, therefore laying out a strategy for operationalizing and better characterizing these presymptomatic disease stages.
Adults with Down syndrome in randomized clinical trials targeting prevention of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Silverman Wayne , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Zigman Warren B. , Schupf Nicole ,   and the New York Aging Research Program
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdults with Down syndrome, the largest population genetically predisposed to high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), are ideally suited participants for clinical trials targeting prevention. Critically important considerations for the design of such trials include appropriate selection of participants, outcome measures, and duration of follow‐up.MethodsArchived data for 12 measures of performance over a 3‐year period were analyzed for 185 adults with Down syndrome 36 years of age and older with presumptive preclinical AD.ResultsDeclines over 3 years were not observed prior to 46 years of age. However, declines were observed at older ages, increasing monotonically for groups aged 46‐49, 50‐55, and >55, as did incidence of prodromal AD and dementia.DiscussionSignificant decline over a 2‐ to 3‐year period for a prospective placebo group of adults with Down syndrome enrolled in clinical prevention trials can only be expected when inclusion is limited to adults older than 45 years of age.
Effect of cognitive impairment on risk of death in Hispanic/Latino adults over the age of 50 residing in the United States with and without diabetes: Data from the Health and Retirement Study 1995–2014
Authors: Martinez Martin , Dawson Aprill Z. , Lu Kevin , Walker Rebekah J. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the relationship between mortality and cognitive function among older US Hispanic adults with and without diabetes.MethodsData from the Health and Retirement Study (1995–2014) were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between mortality and cognitive function. Models were stratified by diabetes.ResultsFour thousand thirteen older US Hispanic adults were included. Fully adjusted models for individuals with diabetes showed those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 2.45; P = .025) and dementia (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.67; P = .006) had increased mortality compared to normal cognition. Fully adjusted models for individuals without diabetes showed those with MCI (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.74; P = .001) and dementia (HR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.91, 5.55; P < .001) had increased mortality compared to normal cognition.ConclusionsCognitive impairment is associated with increased mortality in older US Hispanic adults with and without diabetes. Clinicians should regularly assess cognitive function in this group to quickly identify declines and make appropriate referrals for support to optimize health and reduce mortality.
In situ synthesized amphiphilic polysulfone‐poly(ethylene‐glycol) block copolymer/silver nanocomposite for separating oil/water emulsion
Authors: Elgawady Yara , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Hassan Mohammad K. , Adham Samer , Karim Alamgir , Al‐Maadeed Mariam Al Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the precursors, silver nitrate and sodium bromide, and the in situ synthesis of polysulfone (PSf)‐poly(ethylene‐glycol) (PEG) block copolymer (BCP) in the presence of developed Ag. The PSf‐PEG BCP nanocomposite containing 3 wt.% of the nanoparticles, when electrospun, is observed to be helpful in separating the oil‐in‐water emulsion. Mechanical properties such as dynamic mechanical strength and tensile strength measurements and high thermal degradation temperature (~6°C) illustrate the reinforcing effect of the Ag nanoparticles. The presence of Ag influences the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the BCP and its elasticity due to its well distribution in the BCP during the in situ synthesis of nanocomposite. Electrospun fiber mat of the in situ synthesized PSf‐PEG/Ag nanocomposite shows improved wettability as evident from the respective aqueous contact angle values of 80.66° ± 1.3, 85.70° ± 2.0, and 101.50° ± 1.0 for PSf‐PEG/Ag, PSf‐PEG, and neat PSf. The combination of PEG to PSf has increased the overall polymer reinforcement effect, and this property along with the antimicrobial activity (inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus) of Ag nanoparticles are applied in developing bio‐fouling resistant BCP nanocomposite fibers for oil/water emulsion separation.
Novel lignin as natural‐biodegradable binder for various sectors—A review
Authors: Mili Medha , Hashmi Sayed Azhar Rasheed , Ather Madeeha , Hada Vaishnavi , Markandeya Nishant , Kamble Sanjay , Mohapatra Mamata , Rathore Sanjai Kumar Singh , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Verma Sarika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLignin functions as an essential polymer in plants that forms the plant body's structural framework. The natural glue holds the cellulosic fibers together in the plant body, thereby providing rigidity and strength. Despite this, lignin shows promising relevance for biomaterial production due to its abundance, nontoxic nature and biodegradability. Considerably, adhesive components were derived from petroleum, which is increasingly more expensive. Hence, lignin, the natural glue in plant materials, gained much popularity because of its phenolic nature, making it an attractive substitute for adhesives. Lignin‐based binders are produced through phenols substitution in phenol‐formaldehyde resins with lignin due to their similar structural framework. Many researchers have confirmed the multifunctional applications of lignin, such as wood adhesive in fiber board, plywood and particleboard, a binder in printed wiring boards, abrasive tools, epoxy asphalts, epoxy wood composites, 3D printing, adhesive hydrogels, soil suppressants, lignocellulosic paper and coatings. This review presents a comprehensive description of the utilization of lignin‐based binders for different applications. The present work highlights the discussion on the various methods by which lignin can be used to replace synthetic binders. This review focuses on global research work introducing lignin in different chemical adhesives for a more cost‐effective and less harmful alternative.
Analysis of dielectric behavior of PVDF: PSF polyblends at lower frequency range from measurements of transient absorption and desorption currents
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Shukla Prashant 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransient current measurements were carried out for polyvinylidene fluoride:polysulfone (PVDF:PSF) blends films of different ratios under different polarizing fields and polarizing temperatures in absorption and desorption mode. The time‐dependent desorption current in polymer blend samples interprets the combined effect of dipole reorientation, space charge dissipation, and hopping of charge carriers. The activation energy has been calculated using the isochronal curve. Thermal activation behaviors of isochronal current in a specific temperature scale followed by a peak centered at about 120–160°C, have indicated the close correlation of transient currents with the dielectric loss peak. The presence of a dielectric loss peak for each polyblend concentration may be due to the existence of relaxing dipoles in the polyblend. With increasing concentration of PSF in the polyblend, this peak tends to shift toward the higher frequency range and suggests the speeding up of the dipolar relaxation process. The dielectric loss factor of polyblend thin films using transient study in absorption and desorption mode using applied step voltage f is related to Hamon's frequency (0.1/t).
Reinforcement of electrospun polyurethane fibers with resorcinol–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Nair Kiran Sukumaran , James Nirmala Rachel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work reports a simple method to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers. The procedure involves developing nanofibers using electrospinning followed by liquid infiltration to reinforce the fibers. Coating of polyurethane nanofibers (PUN) with resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) significantly improves the properties of PUN. Furthermore, the morphology of fiber interface and the properties of RF coated fibers indicate that RF resin reinforces the interface between the fibers. The method leads to improvement in mechanical properties of PUN. An improvement of about 94% and 281% in mechanical properties like tensile strength and modulus, respectively, compared to neat PUN fibers is achieved by coating with 20% wt/vol of RF solution.
The significance and meaning of racial identity in consumer research: A review and call for research
Authors: Wooten David B. , Rank‐Christman Tracy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article uses the Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) as a framework to broaden the current understanding of racial identity, structure our review of consumer psychological research on racial identity, and identify future research opportunities, thereby answering calls for efforts to foreground the perspectives of Black consumers and present frameworks that advance understanding of Black consumers. Building on the conceptualization of racial identity involving both the significance and meaning that individuals attribute to their membership within the Black racial group, we note that prior consumer psychological research has focused on the former while ignoring the latter. We identify opportunities to leverage aspects of the MMRI in future research on marketplace discrimination, marketplace stigma, and support for minority‐owned businesses. We also highlight opportunities to better understand the impact of the meaning of racial identity.
Gold (I)‐Promoted Intermolecular Cascade Annulation to Access 2‐Hydroxybenzocarbazoles via a Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement
Authors: Kadiyala Veerabhushanam , Raju Chittala Emmaniel , Bania Kusum K. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn efficient cascade annulation protocol was established to access substituted 2‐hydroxybenzocarbazoles from alkynylcyclohexadienones and substituted 2‐aminophenols under gold catalysis. In this transformation a new C−C, two C−N bonds were formed sequentially and moderate to excellent yields of 2‐hydroxybenzocarbazole derivatives were obtained selectively via Meyer–Schuster rearrangement in one‐pot.
Influence of water transpired and irrigation on maize yields for future climate scenarios using Regional Model
Authors: Donfack Charveline F. , Wandjie Brice B. S. , Efon Eric , Lenouo Andre , Monkam David , Tchawoua Clement 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver northern Cameroon, limited water resources and drought conditions continue to hinder maize production. In this study, the result of the downscaling of the global climate model MPI‐ESM‐LR by the regional climate model REMO under the high‐emission Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario is used to force the agricultural model AquaCrop. The main goal of the study is to assess the climate change impact on maize yield production throughout the 21st century in this region. The model is first calibrated, and then validated, observed in situ precipitation, temperature, and yield data over the period 2005–2018. The results showed that if the amount of water increase over a period of 1 year by 27 mm, maize yield will increase by 0.415 ton/ha, which corresponds to more than 8% over the entire study area. These findings can be used for decision‐making by Cameroonian farmers, particularly in optimizing maize production under climate change scenarios. Irrigation potentially minimizes the impact of climate change. The result also reveals that, for a better yield of corn, the quantity of water necessary for irrigation would be less than 80 mm in 2099 in northern Cameroon.
Autism spectrum disorder in a rural community in Bangladesh: A mid‐childhood assessment
Authors: Ali Hasmot , Rahman Hafizur , Lee Li‐Ching , Khan Naila Z. , Wu Lee Shu‐Fune , Mehra Sucheta , Mitra Maithilee , Labrique Alain B. , West Keith P. , Christian Parul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation‐based studies employing standardized diagnostics are needed to determine the burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in low‐resource settings. A community‐based study was conducted among 8–11 year old children in rural, northwestern Bangladesh to establish the prevalence of ASD. A standardized screening and diagnosis protocol was adapted and deployed comprising the social communication questionnaire (SCQ), and the autism diagnostic observation schedule 2, (ADOS‐2), and the autism diagnostic interview, revised (ADI‐R), respectively. A year‐long research training was conducted for a clinical psychologist to be certified to administer ADOS‐2 and ADI‐R. Over 8000 children were visited at home and administered the SCQ leading to some, based on their score, being further evaluated using the ADOS‐2 and ADI‐R by the clinical psychologist. Based on ADOS‐2 applying the diagnoses of autism or autism spectrum, the prevalence was 40 (95% CI: 27, 54) per 10,000. Autistic disorder using ADI‐R was found at 12 (95% CI: 5, 20) per 10,000. Boys were at a higher risk than girls with the rates among boys being 46 (95% CI: 25, 67) using ADOS‐2 and 19 (95% CI:6, 33) using ADI‐R. Among girls the rates were 34 (95% CI:16, 52) and 5 (95% CI:0, 12) per 10,000, respectively. Challenges to undertaking ASD research in a rural South Asian context are discussed. There was a low‐to‐moderate prevalence of ASD in a rural, child population in Bangladesh. Future research is needed to estimate rates of ASD and its causes and socioeconomic consequences in rural and urban settings of South Asia.Lay SummaryIn a study of over 8000, 8–11 year old children in a rural area of Bangladesh, two to four out of 1000 had ASD. Boys more than girls had ASD. Conducting ASD assessment in this setting was difficult, but more such research is needed to understand what causes ASD and its consequences for the individual, families and the society in rural and urban areas of low‐income countries.
Algorithmus zur Bewertung von extrapolierten Treibhausgasemissionen von Wohnungsunternehmen
Authors: Steinbach Sven , Kunde Christoph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIm Zuge sich verschärfender Zielstellungen zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen sehen sich auch Wohnungsunternehmen in der gesellschaftlichen Pflicht, weitere Maßnahmen zur energetischen Optimierung ihrer Gebäudebestände umzusetzen. Ausgangspunkt der im Bundes‐Klimaschutzgesetz festgelegten Minderungsziele ist das Bezugsjahr 1990. Für die Unternehmen der Wohnungswirtschaft besteht dadurch die Herausforderung, dass Energieverbrauchsdaten von 1990 bis dato vorhanden sein müssen, um den zeitlichen Verlauf der Treibhausgasemissionen abbilden zu können. Eine systematische Erfassung der Verbrauchsdaten von den meisten Wohnungsbeständen der Wohnungsgenossenschaften und ‐unternehmen begann jedoch erst im Laufe der 2000er Jahre. Eine fundierte Einschätzung im Kontext der Klimaschutzziele ist deshalb nur schwer möglich. Der entwickelte Algorithmus ermöglicht eine rückwärtige Beurteilung der Treibhausgasemissionen auf Basis statistischer Metadaten. Die bereits erfassten Verbräuche für die Erzeugung von Raumwärme und Trinkwarmwasser werden hierfür witterungs‐ sowie leerstandsbereinigt und hinsichtlich ihres Treibhauspotenzials bewertet. Auf Basis einer repräsentativen Datengrundlage können mithilfe des entwickelten Verfahrens dann die flächenspezifischen Treibhausgasemissionen zum Bezugsjahr extrapoliert werden. Der erhaltene Wertebereich kann sowohl als Dokumentation für die meist rückläufige Entwicklung der Emissionen der jeweiligen Wohnungsbestände als auch als Grundlage für zukünftige Modernisierungsentscheidungen dienen. Ein Abgleich des ermittelten Graphen mit den Investitionsausgaben des im Rahmen einer Studie untersuchten Unternehmens konnte die Anwendbarkeit der Vorgehensweise bestätigen.
Elektrochemische Potentialmessung zum Auffinden von Bewehrungskorrosion – Neufassung 2021 des Merkblatts B3 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung DGZfP
Authors: Mayer Till Felix 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeit Erscheinen der ersten Ausgabe des Merkblatts B3 der DGZfP im Jahre 1990 hat sich die Potentialfeldmessung als Standardverfahren zum Auffinden von Bewehrungskorrosion im Rahmen von Zustandserfassungen und Instandsetzungsplanungen etabliert. Im Jahr 2021 ist die mittlerweile dritte Überarbeitung des Merkblatts veröffentlicht worden. Wie schon bei der Vorgängerversion liegt auch bei dieser Neufassung das Hauptaugenmerk – neben einigen technischen Präzisierungen – auf der Verbesserung und Vereinheitlichung der Ausführungsqualität.