bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal IgE as a Risk Factor for the Development of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Straughen Jennifer K. , Sitarik Alexandra R. , Johnson Christine Cole , Wegienka Ganesa , Ownby Dennis R. , Johnson-Hooper Tisa M. , Allo Ghassan , Levin Albert M. , Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Few studies have examined if maternal allergic disease is associated with an offspring's neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that Th-2 biased maternal immune function assessed as total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: Data are from the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy, and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS), a racially and socioeconomically diverse birth cohort in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Maternal total IgE was measured prenatally and at 1-month postpartum. Child total IgE was assessed at birth, 6 months, and 2 years of age. ADHD diagnosis was based on the parental report at the 10–12-year study visits or medical chart abstraction. Total IgE was log2 transformed. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to calculate the risk ratios (RR). Inverse probability weighting was used to correct for potential bias due to a loss to follow-up and non-response.Results: Of the 636 maternal-child pairs in the analysis, 513 children were neurotypical and 123 had ADHD. Maternal prenatal total IgE was significantly associated with ADHD even after adjustment for potential confounders (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13). Maternal and child IgE measures were positively and significantly correlated, but child total IgE was not associated with ADHD at any time point.Conclusions: Maternal prenatal IgE may influence neurodevelopment, but additional studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings.
Comparing Predictions of a PBPK Model for Cyclosporine With Drug Levels From Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Zapke Sonja E. , Willmann Stefan , Grebe Scott-Oliver , Menke Kristin , Thürmann Petra A. , Schmiedl Sven 
Published: May 2021

This study compared simulations of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model implemented for cyclosporine with drug levels from therapeutic drug monitoring to evaluate the predictive performance of a PBPK model in a clinical population. Based on a literature search model parameters were determined. After calibrating the model using the pharmacokinetic profiles of healthy volunteers, 356 cyclosporine trough levels of 32 renal transplant outpatients were predicted based on their biometric parameters. Model performance was assessed by calculating absolute and relative deviations of predicted and observed trough levels. The median absolute deviation was 6 ng/ml (interquartile range: 30 to 31 ng/ml, minimum = −379 ng/ml, maximum = 139 ng/ml). 86% of predicted cyclosporine trough levels deviated less than twofold from observed values. The high intra-individual variability of observed cyclosporine levels was not fully covered by the PBPK model. Perspectively, consideration of clinical and additional patient-related factors may improve the model’s performance. In summary, the current study has shown that PBPK modeling may offer valuable contributions for pharmacokinetic research in clinical drug therapy.
Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Activity of Morchella conica by Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: Begum Naeema , Nasir Abdul , Parveen Zahida , Muhammad Taj , Ahmed Asma , Farman Saira , Jamila Nargis , Shah Mohib , Bibi Noor Shad , Khurshid Akif , Huma Zille , Khalil Atif Ali Khan , Albrakati Ashraf , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: May 2021

Morchella conica (M. conica) Pers. is one of six wild edible mushrooms that are widely used by Asian and European countries for their nutritional value. The present study assessed the anti-diabetic potential of M. conica methanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ was used in a single dose of 65 mg/kg to establish diabetic models. Body weights, water/food intake and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries. In addition, in vitro assays such as α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory, antiglycation, antioxidant and cytotoxicity were performed. The in vitro study indicated potent PTP1B inhibitory potential of M. conica with an IC50 value of 26.5 μg/ml as compared to the positive control, oleanolic acid (IC50 36.2 μg/ml). In vivo investigation showed a gradual decrease in blood sugar level in M. conica-treated mice (132 mg/dl) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg as compared to diabetic mice (346 mg/dl). The extract positively improved liver and kidney damages as were shown by their serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetate, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological analysis revealed slight liver and pancreas improvement of mice treated with extract. Cytotoxicity assays displayed lower IC50 values. Based on the present results of the study, it may be inferred that M. conica are rich in bioactive compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity and this mushroom may be a potential source of antidiabetic drug. However, further studies are required in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds to validate the observed results.
Patient's Death From the Perspective of Nursing Students
Authors: Szczupakowska Magdalena , Stolarek Patrycja , Roszak Magdalena , Głodowska Katarzyna , Baum Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: An exceedingly small amount of scientific research concerns the response to patient death among nursing students. There was a need to examine their perspective on patient death with which they experience during their studies. The authors wanted to check the subjective assessment of students' preparation for patient death and their perception of classes conducted in this area.Methods: The research used the diagnostic survey method and was conducted in May 2019 using Google Form on social media. The 467 nursing students answered 14 questions in the original questionnaire about their experience with patient death. The analyzed data were expressed as median, minimum and maximum values, or percentage, as appropriate. Comparison of groups was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The relationship between variables was analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficient or contingency coefficient (the χ2-test).Results: The authors analyzed 452 responses of nursing students, and 86.3% of them encountered death of a patient in the course of their studies. In the second-year master's studies, this value reached 99.3%. Among the most frequently mentioned accompanying emotions, students mentioned “reflection on the fragility of life” and “compassion.” Students do not feel sufficiently prepared for the death of a patient.Conclusions: Nursing students encounter the death of a patient very often and very early. Although the curriculum includes content related to the care of a dying patient, students believe that there is still too little of it and that it does not prepare it in a satisfactory manner. Students feel different, often negative emotions related to patient death, and also have various methods of dealing with such a situation. They also feel the need to increase education in this area.
Infrared Drying Trends Applied to Fruit
Authors: Zartha Sossa Jhon Wilder , Orozco Gina Lía , García Murillo Liz Mercedes , Peña Osorio Miguel , Sánchez Suarez Nevardo 
Published: May 2021

Aims: This article seeks to identify the main products to which drying is applied, mainly by infrared, as well as the mathematical models used to evaluate a product.Background: The drying of agro-industrial products is a very important unitary operation to avoid post-harvest losses.Objective: This article looks to respond to the following questions: Which raw materials are subjected to far-infrared drying? What are the mathematical models used in the application of far-infrared?Method: To identify the most focused articles on the topic, we worked with the search equation “TITLE-ABS-KEY (‘infrared drying’) AND fruits AND [LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, ‘AGRI’) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, ‘ENGI’)],” which was run in the Scopus database for scientific articles.Result: After knowing the different technologies, more than 23 applications in agro-industrial products were identified. In these applications, it is observed how quality is one of the most important factors in the preservation of dehydrated products; far-infrared drying helps retain sensory quality in products such as sweet potatoes, grapes, Cordyceps militaris, and mangoes.Conclusion: A common factor that could be found from the articles and patents was the application of this infrared drying technique in fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as kiwi, chives, and mushroom varieties. These articles and patents based their studies on optimizing the technique by varying drying times, temperatures, and pressures, even sometimes combining different drying techniques—all to preserve the organoleptic characteristics of the product, avoiding damage to thermolabile compounds and obtaining a dry food of very good quality, performance, and characteristics.
Thermal Safety of Endoscopic Usage in Robot-Assisted Middle Ear Surgery: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pan Jinxi , Tan Haoyue , Shi Jun , Wang Zhaoyan , Sterkers Olivier , Jia Huan , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The widespread application of endoscopic ear surgery (EES), performed through the external auditory canal, has revealed the limitations of the one-handed technique. The RobOtol® (Collin ORL, Bagneux, France) otological robotic system has been introduced to enable two-handed procedures; however, the thermal properties of dedicated endoscopes, which are usually used in neurosurgery, called “neuro-endoscopes,” have not yet been clarified for the robotic systems. In this study, we aimed to profile the thermal characteristics of two dedicated neuro-endoscopes, as compared to endoscopes used routinely in manual EES, called “oto-endoscopes,” and defined by a smaller diameter and shorter length, and to discuss the safe application of robotic assistance in EES.Methods: Two neuro-endoscopes (3.3 mm, 25 cm, 0°/30°) were studied using two routine light sources (LED/xenon), and two routine oto-endoscopes (3 mm, 14 cm, 0°/30°) were initially measured to provide a comprehensive comparison. Light intensities and temperatures were measured at different power settings. The thermal distributions were measured in an open environment and a human temporal bone model of EES. The cooling measures were also studied.Results: Light intensity was correlated with stabilized tip temperatures (P &lt; 0.01, R2 = 0.8719). Under 100% xenon power, the stabilized temperatures at the tips of 0°, 30° neuro-endoscopes, and 0°, 30° oto-endoscopes were 96.1, 60.1, 67.8, and 56.4°C, respectively. With 100% LED power, the temperatures decreased by about 10°C, respectively. For the 0° neuro-endoscope, the illuminated area far away 1cm from the tip was below 37°C when using more than 50% both power, while this distance for 30° neuro-endoscope was 0.5 cm. In the EES temporal bone model, the round window area could reach 59.3°C with the 0° neuro-endoscope under 100% xenon power. Suction resulted in a ~1–2°C temperature drop, while a 10 mL saline rinse gave a baseline temperature which lasted for 2.5 min.Conclusion: Neuro-endoscope causes higher thermal releasing in the surgical cavity of ESS, which should be especially cautious in the robotic system usage. Applying submaximal light intensity, a LED source and intermittent rinsing should be considered for the safer robot-assisted EES using a neuro-endoscope that allows a two-handed surgical procedure.
Plan de marketing 2.0 para impulsar las ventas en franquicia de alimentos
Authors: Cabeza Mariana , Gahona Dalia 
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general elaborar un Plan de Marketing 2.0 para una franquicia de comida rápida, ubicada en el Municipio Naguanagua del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. El estudio presenta la importancia de que una empresa maneje un Plan de Marketing, ya que hoy en día el uso eficiente de las redes sociales es parte de la gestión gerencial para poder impulsar las ventas de la organización. Metodológicamente se apoyó en una investigación descriptiva de campo, enmarcada en un proyecto factible. En virtud de los resultados se realizó la propuesta de un Plan de Marketing 2.0 con la finalidad de mejorar la captación de nuevos clientes y el aumento en el volumen de ventas.
ABSTRACT
This research had the general objective of preparing a Marketing 2.0 Plan for a fast food franchise, located in the Naguanagua Municipality of Carabobo State, Venezuela. The study shows the importance of a company managing a Marketing Plan, since today the efficient use of social networks is part of managerial management in order to drive sales for the organization. Methodologically it was based on a descriptive field research, framed in a feasible project. By virtue of the results, a proposal for a Marketing 2.0 Plan was made in order to improve the recruitment of new customers and the increase in sales volume.
Organización del inventario en las empresas filiales de PDVSA industrial
Authors: Cabrita Nelson 
Published: May 2021

Se analizó el proceso de organización de inventario en las empresas filiales de PDVSA Industrial, bajo una investigación descriptiva, con diseño de campo, no experimental y transeccional. La población estuvo conformada por los gerentes, líderes y supervisores de las empresas filiales de PDVSA Industrial, ubicadas en los municipios Cabimas y Lagunillas de la Costa Oriental del Lago. Para la recolección de datos se empleó la encuesta mediante un cuestionario, conformado por 9 ítems con escala de frecuencia. La validez se realizó a través del juicio de expertos, y para calcular su confiabilidad se empleó el método del Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, cuyo resultado fue de 0,907. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la estadística descriptiva, con base en la media aritmética. Se verifico en conjunto una moderada aplicación de la selección de personal, capacitación y proveedores como actividades involucradas en el proceso de organización de inventario.
ABSTRACT
The inventory organization process in the PDVSA Industrial affiliate companies was analyzed, under a descriptive investigation, with a field design, not experimental and transectional. The population was made up of the managers, leaders and supervisors of the PDVSA Industrial subsidiary companies, located in the Cabimas and Lagunillas municipalities of the Eastern Lake Coast. For data collection, the survey was used using a questionnaire, made up of 9 items with a frequency scale. Validity was carried out through expert judgment, and the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient method was used to calculate its reliability, with a result of 0.907. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, based on the arithmetic mean. Overall, a moderate application of the selection of personnel, training and suppliers was verified as activities involved in the inventory organization process.
Cultura organizacional en empresa de venta de productos de lunchería
Authors: Willsany Casimiro, , Medina Edumary 
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la cultura organizacionalde la empresa C.M., C.A. ubicada en Valencia, estado Carabobo, Venezuela quepermita sentar las bases para recomendar estrategias dirigidas a mejorar elclima y desempeño de la organización. Para lograr esto se definió comoobjetivos específicos diagnosticar la cultura organizacional de la empresa yexaminar la cultura organizacional existente. La metodología empleada es unenfoque cuantitativo con diseño de campo, no experimental. Se aplicó uncuestionario a diez trabajadores de C.M., C.A. de quince ítems con respuestasde tipo policotómicas. Los resultados analizados en base a las bases teóricasconsultadas, permitieron evidenciar de manera concluyente que la empresapresenta debilidades en su cultura organizacional.Palabras clave: Estrategias, valores, cultura organizacional
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to evaluate the organizational culture of thecompany C.M., C.A. located in Valencia, Carabobo state, Venezuela that allowslaying the foundations to recommend strategies aimed at improving theclimate and performance of the organization. To achieve this, specificobjectives were defined to diagnose the organizational culture of the companyand examine the existing organizational culture. The methodology used is aquantitative approach with field design, not experimental. A questionnaire wasapplied to ten C.M., C.A. of fifteen items with polycotomic responses. Theresults analyzed based on the theoretical bases consulted allowed conclusiveevidence that the company has weaknesses in its organizational culture.Key words: Strategies, values, organizational culture
Comparative study regarding the level of anxiety in various categories of athletes
Authors: Ababei Catalina 
Published: May 2021

The Romanian Language Dictionary (2009) defines anxiety as inquietude, unrest, fear. The athletes' emotional states can change easily, especially in less experienced athletes, often near acompetition that demands reaching a goal, or when they find themselves in new situations. This can cause them to block or have no reaction in key moments. Professional sports regard anxietyas a normal reaction of the athlete's body, believing that in this manner it adapts to new conditions and functional parameters. The study was based on the hypothesis stating that anxietycould have various levels in athletes before a competition, according to their sport. The research was conducted on 45 athletes practicing wrestling, track and field, and boxing at a national level, for various Bacau sports clubs. The main research method for this study was the inquiry, and the working instrument was the questionnaire - J. Taylor's anxiety scale.
Fast tunable all-polarization-maintaining supercontinuum fiber laser for CARS microscopy
Authors: Yang Kangwen , Huo Lizhong , Ao Jianpeng , Wang Qingting , Hao Qiang , Yan Ming , Huang Kun , Ji Minbiao , Zeng Heping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We have demonstrated a compact fiber laser with broad and fast wavelength tunability for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Originated from an Er-doped fiber laser, the Stokes pulses can be tuned from 1015 to 1060 nm within 300 μs from supercontinuum of a tapered high nonlinear fiber, while pump pulses at 790 nm were obtained by second harmonic generation. The two beams were then sent to microscopes for CARS detection of oil, ethanol and mouse ear samples. This fast and broadly tunable fiber laser in the all-polarization-maintaining architecture would be promising to implement rapid label-free histology in clinical translation.
A ordem social na teoria de Max Weber
Authors: Dos Santos Bolda Bruna 
Published: May 2021

Os estudos atualizativos dos escritos de Max Weber questionam seu estatuto de “individualista metodológico”. Perseguindo esses esforços antirreducionistas, visualizamos em seus escritos metodológicos (nomeadamente, Kategorien de 1913 e Grundbegriffe de 1921) uma a macrossociologia das ordens sociais – que será objeto de discussão neste estudo. Em termos formais, em ambos os textos Weber concebe a ordem como o ápice do nível macro. Em termos substantivos, todavia, enquanto em 1913 a ordem é exposta como uma regulamentação da relação social que possui validade formal, em 1921, ao inserir o elemento moral-normativo da vigência legítima, a ordem é descrita como um conjunto de deveres considerados máximas obrigatórias para as ações. Quer dizer, Weber deixa de pensar a ordem somente em função do direito (ordem estabelecida) e passa a articular seu raciocínio a partir da política (ordem legítima).
Common errors in filling in spreadsheets and how to avoid them
Authors: Lysenkov S. N. 
Published: May 2021

Errors during research can occur not only at the stage of planning, data collection and statistical analysis, but also at the stage of ﬁlling in spreadsheets. In most cases they can be easily corrected, otherwise results may be distorted. These errors can be categorized into invalid format and input errors. In the ﬁrst case, the mixing of the absence of data and the zero values is especially dangerous, since it can lead to systematic errors: overestimation (if the zero values are ﬁlled in as the absence of data) or underestimation (if the absence of data is ﬁlled in as zero values) of the mean or the prevalence. Input errors are most often random, and their effect decreases with increasing sample size, but for the better analysis they should also be corrected as much as possible. The article provides an algorithm that allows you to ﬁnd input errors and correct them before statistical analysis.
Asteroid Lightcurves and Detection, Shape, and Size Biases in Large-scale Surveys
Authors: Navarro-Meza Samuel , Aadland Erin , Trilling David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most asteroids are somewhat elongated and have non-zero lightcurve amplitudes. Such asteroids can be detected in large-scale sky surveys even if their mean magnitudes are fainter than the stated sensitivity limits. We explore the detection of elongated asteroids under a set of idealized but useful approximations. We find that objects up to 1 mag fainter than a survey’s sensitivity limit are likely to be detected, and that the effect is most pronounced for asteroids with lightcurve amplitudes 0.1–0.4 mag. This imposes a bias on the derived size and shape distributions of the population that must be properly accounted for.
Global pattern and trend of cervical cancer incidence from 1993 to 2012
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Rajaa Sathish , Giriyappa Dinesh K 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cervical cancer ranks fourth in global cancer incidence and mortality among women. A comparison of the global trends in cervical cancer would help us to identify high focus regions and serves an opportunity to evaluate the impact of the screening programs. Hence, the current study was done to assess the global trend in the incidence of cervical cancer from 1993 to 2012 among individuals aged between 30 and 79 years.

Methods:
This secondary data analysis was conducted using the World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Incidence data of five continents plus database (America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania) on the incidence of cervical cancer. Joinpoint regression was performed to determine the average annual percent change (AAPC) in cervical cancer incidence. We performed an age-period-cohort analysis to obtain age, period, and cohort-specific deviations and rate ratio (RR).

Results:
Out of the four regions studied, all the regions showed a declining trend in cervical cancer incidence. The maximum decline was found in Oceania (AAPC = −3.3%) followed by America (AAPC = −2.0%). There was a consistent rise in cervical cancer incidence across the age groups in all the four continents with the maximum burden among the elderly. All the regions showed a steady decline in the rate of cervical cancer through the periods 1998–2002 to 2007–2012. There was also a steady decline in cervical cancer incidence across the cohorts from 1923–1927 to 1978–1982 in all the regions except America.

Conclusion:
To summarize, cervical cancer incidence showed a declining trend globally, with the maximum decline in the Oceania region from 1993 to 2012.