bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumorigenic Potential of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Anthracene in Fish and Anthracene in Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Johnson Mriam Oluchi , Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji , Onyeyili Patrick Azubuike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anthracene is a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), present in cigarette smoke and some industries. It may cause tumorigenesis of lungs and other organs. Randomized controlled trial was adopted for the study. Seven out of forty-three rats were used for determination of median lethal dose (LD50), whereas thirty-six (36) rats were divided into six groups of six per group. The first group was treated daily with3ml/kg body weight ofwater; the second was treated daily withdimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (30mg/kg), whereas third, fourth and fifth groups were treated with anthracene in DMSO at12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively.The sixth group was treated daily withanthracene in fish (75 mg/kg)for a period of three weeks. Pre-treatment blood samples were collected on day zero (0) and thereafter on day 7, 14 and 21 respectively for haematological, cardiorespiratory, tumour kinetic, allometric parameters, as as well as oncogenic biomarkers. Findings revealed that dimethyl sufoxide and anthracene may cause adenocarcinoma of lung characterised by anaemia, neutrophilia or neutropenia, increased cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), increased heart rate and respiratory rate, superior vena cava oedema and histological changes such as reduced alveolar space, damaged alveolar sacs and infiltration of interseptal space with mononuclear cells. Micro nodules were observed in fibrosed lungs. Hence there is need to assess hazard risk of anthracene in industries and anthracene contaminated environment.
The Influence of the Posterior Slope Angle and Posterior Condylar Offset in Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Was Analyzed From the Way of Constructing Flexion Gap
Authors: Shen bangwei , Han Hao , Huang Tao , Luo Xu , Li Zi-Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two ways of establishing the flexion gap on the flexion angle and flexion-extension motion after posterior-stabilized （PS） prosthesis. A way for the posterior slope angle（PSA）and posterior condylar offset（PCO）were greater than preoperative, another for less than preoperative.Materials and MethodsThey are grouped according to the way flexion gaps are constructed. Data from 28 total knee arthroplasty（TKA）patients treated with propensity score match (PSM) were included. The difference of flexion angle and flexion-extension motion between the two groups was compared, and the influence of PCO and PSA on the flexion angle in the two ways was analyzed.ResultsPostoperative flexion degree of the two groups was 115.50±14.64° and 112.29±10.64° (P =0.553), and there was no statistical significance. Postoperative flexion-extension motion grade data of the decrease group was better than that of the increased group (P =0.031). Postoperative flexion angle was negatively correlated with PCO change in the increase group (r²=0.574 b '=-0.758 p=0.002).Conclusions﻿Increasing the PSA and PCO to construct flexion gaps in PS TKA will cause problems with flexion-extension movements. It may be more reasonable to avoid excessive PSA and select appropriate PCO to reconstruct the flexion gap in PS prosthetic.
Identification of Most Lethal Non-synonymous SNPs in Tollip gene- An In-Silico Analysis
Authors: Ghani Usman , Ullah Rahmat , Anjum Tayyaba , Ali Yasir , Hussain Saddam , Shah Sadarat , Zulfiqar Iqra , Sultan Talha , Tanveer Mohammad Aashar , Sabar Muhammad Farooq 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP), first detected by hybrid screening using Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein in 2000, is ubiquitous and its TLR signaling cascade gets negatively regulated by TOLLIP in particular by impeding the TLR4 and TLR2 pathways. Toll-interacting protein facilitates TLR and TGF-β type 1 receptor intracellular localization and lysosomal degradation and exerts its anti-apoptosis and pro-autophagy effects through interaction with a target of Myb1 membrane trafficking protein 1 (TOM1) in autoimmunity. It also protects intestinal epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by (TNF-α) (IFN-γ) signaling and acts as a cargo adaptor linking (ATG8) autophagy gene 8 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3. Ubiquitin-modified cell debris along with coated autophagosomes removes harmful protein aggregates and maintains cellular homeostasis. It is therefore structurally and functionally important to detect TOLLIP polymorphisms to indicate the possible malfunctions and therapeutics. We have identified the gap of available data on nsSNPs in the TOLLIP gene in previous studies. Hence, We have used a wide range of bioinformatic techniques in this study to identify the most destructive nsSNPs in the TOLLIP gene. The in-silico tools such as PROVEAN, SIFT, SNP&GO, PhD SNP, and PolyPhen2 have been used followed by I Mutant, MutPred, and ConSurf. The 3-D mapping was carried out with I-TASSER and Phyre2. Though, STRING and GeneMANIA proposed the gene to gene interaction of TOLLIP. Our study identified G19D (rs866744102), G32R (rs1308704061), D71N (rs777772934), and E72G (rs1202660177) as the four most lethal non-synonymous SNPs in TOLLIP genes, which may play an essential part in defects of TOLLIP Protein and probably cause a different type of diseases. This is the first study of its kind, and it could pave the way in the field of medical drugs in the future. The influence of these nsSNPs in the normal functioning of TOLLIP can also be evaluated in animal models to identify the underlying biochemical pathway involved in diseases.
Influence of Operating Parameters on the Performance of an Adsorption Solar Refrigeration Machine
Authors: ghrici adnane , GHERNAOUT MEA , BENRAMDANE Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Renewable energies including solar energy requirements for refrigeration and air conditioning are increasingly gaining interest due to the refrigerants friendly to the environment. However, it was found that these technologies have some limitations like the low performance and their high cost. This paper proposes a comparative study of a solar adsorption refrigeration machine. The study consists in determining the optimal thermodynamic parameters of operation as well as their influences on the performance of the system. This is based on a thermodynamic model using different types of adsorbent / adsorbate pairs. The main parameters considered in this study are: temperature of generation, evaporation, maximum heating temperature, condensation pressure as well as the type of the pair used: activated carbon / methanol and zeolite / water. Simulations for different thermodynamic parameters show that the COP is very sensitive to the generation and evaporation temperatures as well as the maximum heating temperature, on the other hand it was slightly influenced by the condensation pressure. The results obtained have shown that the AC / methanol pair is more profitable than the zeolite / water pair.
Global distribution of Sapindus habitats under current and future climate change scenarios
Authors: Liu Jiming , Wang Lianchun , Sun Caowen , Xi Benye , Li Doudou , Chen Zhong , He Qiuyang , Weng Xuehuang , Jia Liming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sapindus (Sapindus L.) is a widely distributed economically important tree genus that provides biodiesel, biomedical and biochemical products. However, with climate change, deforestation, and economic development, Sapindus germplasm resources have been lost. Therefore, utilising historical environmental data and future climate projections from the BCC-CSM2-MR global climate database, we simulated the present and future global distributions of suitable habitats for Sapindus using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The estimated ecological thresholds for critical environmental factors were: a minimum temperature of 0–20°C in the coldest month, soil moisture levels of 40–140 mm, a mean temperature of 2–25°C in the driest quarter, a mean temperature of 19–28°C in the wettest quarter, and a soil pH of 5.6–7.6. The total suitable habitat area was 6059.97 × 104 km2, which was unevenly distributed across six continents. As greenhouse gas emissions increased over time, the area of suitable habitats contracted in lower latitudes and expanded in higher latitudes. Consequently, surveys and conservation should be prioritised in southern hemisphere areas which are in danger of becoming unsuitable. In contrast, other areas in northern and central America, China, and India can be used for conservation and large-scale cultivation in the future.
Rice breeding in the new era: comparison of useful agronomic traits
Authors: Soto Alejandro Hernandez , Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Abdelnour-Esqu Ana , Gatica-Arias Andres , Valdez-Melara Marta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding agronomic traits at a genetic level enables the leveraging of this knowledge to produce crops that are more productive and resilient, have better quality and are adjusted for consumer preferences. In the last decade, rice has become a model to validate the function of specific genes, resulting in valuable but scattered information. Here, we aimed to identify particular genes in rice related to traits that can be targeted by different mutation techniques in the breeding of crops. We selected gain of function, misfunction, and specific mutations associated with phenotypes of agronomic interest. The review includes specific trait-related genes involved in domestication, stress, herbicide tolerance, pathogen resistance, grain number, quality, weight, plant structure, nitrogen use, and others. The information presented can be used for rice and crops with similar or homologous genes to breed crops that require improvement to achieve more sustainable production in challenging farming conditions.
Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
Authors: Saboor Abdus , Amarkhel Ahmad Khalid , Hakimi Esmatullah , Bain Robert , Luyendijk Rolf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey module for water testing was included in the 2016/2017 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) for 10 of the 34 provinces. The module's impact on the survey implementation was assessed through interviews and focus group discussions with survey teams. To assess the level of fecal contamination, drinking water from the source and at the point of consumption was tested for Escherichia coli using on-site membrane filtration. On-site testing of water generated significant interest from community members to receive water test results and understand how to keep their drinking water safe from contamination. The inclusion of the module in the ALCS facilitated access of the enumerators to both communities and households. Only 21.0% of households used safely managed drinking water services. A majority of households (58.2%) used water sources contaminated with E. coli, while E. coli contamination at the point of consumption was found in 77.0% of households. E. coli were more frequently detected in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation. Beside improvement and increased protection of the water supply services, water quality deterioration between source and point of consumption calls for the promotion of safe handling and storage of water at the home.
System dynamics simulation for the coordinative development of socio-economy and environment in the Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yiqi , Ding Xiaohui , Ma Yanran , Yan Buqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A reliable system simulation combining socio-economic development with water environment and comprehensively reflect a watershed's dynamic features is crucial. In this study, a complex system dynamics model is constructed to evaluate dynamic changes of socio-economic development and ecological environment of Weihe River Basin (WHR). Development trends of the population, economy, land resources, water demand and supply, water environment and water pollution and management are obtained from 2005 to 2030 through scenarios analysis representing different regional development orientations, namely, population growth (S1), economic leading (S2), resources saving (S3), environment leading (S4), collaborative development (S5). Compared with other scenarios, the total population and GDP will, respectively, reach 3,716.55 × 104 person and 40,077.30 × 108 yuan, and the gap between demand and supply and the amount of water pollution will, respectively, narrow to 0.56 × 108 and 12.26 × 108 cubic meters in collaborative development scenario (S5). The results reveal the collaborative development scenario (S5) can achieve not only steady population and economy growth, as well as narrow down the gap between water supply and demand, but also optimize watershed environment management of the WHR. Thus, the system dynamics model used in our research provides a powerful tool for assisting decision-making on issues of coordinative socio-economic development, environmental health protection, water resources conservation, etc., in a river basin area.
Assessment of the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Impact of Implementing Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Nampula Province, Mozambique: Protocol for a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study
Authors: Wharton-Smith Alexandra , Baker Kevin , Roca-Feltrer Arantxa , Rodrigues Maria , Richardson Sol , Bonnington Craig A , Rassi Christian , Marasciulo Madeleine , Enosse Sonia , Saute Francisco , Aide Pedro , Macete Eusebio , Candrinho Baltazar 
Published: May 2021

Background
Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 years in Mozambique. The World Health Organization recommends seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), the administration of four monthly courses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and amodiaquine (AQ), to children aged 3-59 months during rainy season. However, as resistance to SP is widespread in East and Southern Africa, SMC has so far only been implemented across the Sahel in West Africa.

Objective
This protocol describes the first phase of a pilot project that aims to assess the protective effect of SP and AQ when used for SMC and investigate the levels of molecular markers of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial medicines in the study districts. In addition, it is important to understand whether SMC is a feasible and acceptable intervention in the context of Nampula Province, Mozambique.

Methods
This study will adopt a hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to conduct a mixed methods evaluation with six objectives: a molecular marker study, a nonrandomized controlled trial, an analysis of reported malaria morbidity indicators, a documentation exercise of the contextual SMC adaptation, an acceptability and feasibility assessment, and a coverage and quality assessment.

Results
Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Mozambican Ministry of Health National Bioethics Committee on September 15, 2020. Data collection began in October 2020, and data analysis is expected to be completed by August 2021.

Conclusions
This research will make a unique contribution to our understanding of whether the combination of SP and AQ, when used for SMC, can confer a protective effect against malaria in children aged 3-59 months in a region where malaria transmission is seasonal and SP resistance is expected to be high. If the project is successful, subsequent phases are expected to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and sustainability of SMCs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/27855
The earthquake swarm of february 1981 in Mexico City
Authors: Havskov J. 
Published: May 2021

Entre el 4 y el 15 de febrero de 1981 ocurrió en la Cd. de México una serie de temblores particularmente bien registrados. Los 5 eventos mayores aquí analizados (2.7 <ML<3.2) tuvieron hipocentros dentro de un volumen de 1 km3, con localización media en 19.3780N - 99.196°W y una profundidad de 1.2 km. Las localizaciones relativas de estos eventos mostraron una migración de 0.7 a 1.6 km en un piano casi vertical. Se obtuvo una solución de piano de falla normal con el eje tensional en la dirección casi Este-Oeste, usando estaciones locales y regionales. El análisis espectral dio momentos sísmicos en el rango 0.5 - 2.0 x 1020 dinas-cm y caídas de esfuerzo de 1 a 5 bares. Se obtuvieron parámetros similares para el evento mayor ocurrido en una serie de temblores en la misma área en febrero de 1980. Parece ser probable que estos eventos ocurran como resultado de la acumulación de tensión regional; no obstante, el hundimiento del Valle de México podría posiblemente originar tensiones orientadas similares, las cuales, si no ocasionan los sismos, los pudieran disparar.
Influence of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis in children:
Authors: de Medeiros Alves Arthur César , de Medeiros Padilha Hamanda , de Andrade Barbalho Amanda Lanna , Gonçalves Tomaz Amanda Felix , Gomes Pereira Hallissa Simplício , Rabelo Caldas Sergei Godeiro Fernandes 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children to discuss whether RME can be indicated as an alternative treatment for NE in those patients.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and LILACS. The literature review was blindly performed by two reviewers. References of each selected study were manually searched to identify articles that were not found by the electronic search. Kappa statistics were used to analyze interexaminer agreement after the selection of the articles. After reading the selected full-text articles, the studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed qualitatively using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized controlled trials-2 (RoB 2). The certainty level of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. Kappa tests were used to analyze the interexaminer concordance level after the quality assessment of the studies.ResultsA total of 488 articles were found; however, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 8 studies were selected for the systematic review. A low certainty level of evidence suggested that RME seems to promote a variable reduction in frequency or a remission of NE in children in both the short (4, 6, and 8 months) and long term (13, 36, 48, and 120 months).ConclusionsBased on currently available information, RME seems to promote an improvement in NE in children. However, the low quality of the existing evidence weakens the recommendation.
Associations of Microvascular Complications With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Gao Xiaoyu , Pop-Busui Rodica , de Boer Ian H. , White Neill , Aiello Lloyd P. , Miller Ryan , Palmer Jerry , Tamborlane William , Wallia Amisha , Kosiborod Mikhail , Lachin John M. , Bebu Ionut ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
We examined whether the presence of microvascular complications was associated with increased subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among participants with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study followed for &gt;35 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Standardized longitudinal data collection included: 1) stereoscopic seven-field retinal fundus photography centrally graded for retinopathy stage and clinically significant macular edema; 2) urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 3) cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) reflex testing; and 4) adjudicated CVD events, including death from CVD, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, subclinical myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram, confirmed angina, or coronary artery revascularization. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association of microvascular complications with subsequent risk of CVD.

RESULTS
A total of 239 participants developed CVD, including 120 participants who suffered major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. The presence of microvascular disease (diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, or CAN) was associated with increased risk of subsequent CVD and MACE (hazard ratios 1.86 to 3.18 and 2.09 to 3.63, respectively), associations that remained significant after adjusting for age and HbA1c. After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, however, only sustained AER ≥30 mg/24 h occurring alone and/or with eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the presence of both retinal and kidney disease remained associated with CVD.

CONCLUSIONS
Advanced microvascular disease, especially moderate to severe albuminuria or eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, conveyed an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to body weight in dogs with thoracolumbar disease
Authors: Spence Stephen P. , Israel Sarah K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the incidence of MRI lesions between dogs weighing < 15 kg (33 lb) and dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg.

ANIMALS
494 dogs with clinical signs of thoracolumbar disease.

PROCEDURES
Electronic medical records of affected dogs that underwent MRI of the thoracolumbar vertebral column between January 2016 and July 2018 were reviewed. Data extracted included age, body weight, breed, sex, MRI findings, and lesion location. Data were compared between dogs weighing < 15 kg and dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg.

RESULTS
Of dogs weighing < 15 kg, 94.4% (371/393) were chondrodystrophic breeds. Only 24.8% (25/101) of dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg were chondrodystrophic breeds. Lesions consistent with intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) had an overall incidence of 87.2% (431/494). In dogs weighing < 15 kg, the incidence of IVDD was 94.7% (372/393), compared with 58.4% (59/101) in dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg. Dogs weighing < 15 kg had a significantly higher incidence of IVDD lesions in the T12-13 segment, compared with dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg. Dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg were 11.9 times (95% CI, 5.1 to 27.9) and 7.4 times (95% CI, 2.3 to 23) as likely to have a neoplastic lesion and fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy, respectively, compared with dogs weighing < 15 kg.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
IVDD was the most common MRI finding in the study population. Dogs weighing ≥ 15 kg had a higher incidence of nonintervertebral disk lesions, compared with dogs weighing < 15 kg.