bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration und Öffentliche Mobilität: Die Rolle der Planung
Authors: Schwedes Oliver 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungNachdem der öffentliche Verkehr in den ersten Nachkriegsjahrzehnten im Zuge der wirtschaftlichen Prosperität stetig an Bedeutung zugunsten des privaten Autoverkehrs verloren hatte, wurde er in den 1970er Jahren wiederentdeckt. Allerdings war das wiedererwachte Interesse der Verkehrsplaner*innen am öffentlichen Verkehr mehrheitlich dadurch motiviert, den rasant wachsenden Autoverkehr zu entlasten, um die Stauanfälligkeit zu reduzieren und damit die ‚freie Fahrt für freie Bürger‘ zu gewährleisten. Damals etabliert sich der verkehrspolitische Konsens, dass der öffentliche Verkehr auch zukünftig als Teil der Daseinsvorsorge, ein Mindestmaß an Mobilität für diejenigen erbringen soll, die sich kein Auto leisten können.
Teilhabe und Öffentliche Mobilität: Die Rolle der Politik
Authors: Daubitz Stephan 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWaren Verkehrspolitik und -planung in der Vergangenheit zumeist beschränkt auf die Verringerung von Raumwiderständen zur Herstellung von reibungslosen automobilen ‚Verkehrsflüssen‘, hat sich durch die Einbeziehung von Gerechtigkeitskonzeptionen und die präzise Unterscheidung zwischen den Begriffen Verkehr und Mobilität sowie den Einbezug des Individuums mit seinen subjektiven Wahrnehmungen die Möglichkeit eröffnet, eine innovative Form von Verkehrsplanung bzw. Mobilitätspolitik zu gestalten.
Öffentliche Mobilität und neue Formen der Governance: das Beispiel Volksentscheid Fahrrad
Authors: von Schneidemesser Dirk 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Anstoß für Deutschlands erstes Fahrradgesetz kam aus der Zivilgesellschaft. Der Impuls entstand aus dem weiterhin ungeklärten Konflikt zwischen der Autofixierung der konservativen deutschen Verkehrspolitik und dem progressiven Wunsch nach einer nachhaltigen Mobilität, die sich an den Bedürfnissen der Bürger*innen orientieren soll und eine Umverteilung des Straßenraumes zugunsten des Radverkehrs erforderte. Dass Verkehr nachhaltiger gestaltet werden muss, war Konsens. Über das Wie gingen die Meinungen stark auseinander.
BPS invariants for 3-manifolds at rational level K
Authors: Chung Hee-Joong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants or Chern-Simons partition functions at or around roots of unity $$ q={e}^{\frac{2\pi i}{K}} $$
q
=

e

2
πi

K

with a rational level K = $$ \frac{r}{s} $$

r
s

where r and s are coprime integers. From the exact expression for the G = SU(2) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of the Seifert manifolds at a rational level obtained by Lawrence and Rozansky, we provide an expected form of the structure of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants in terms of the homological blocks at a rational level. Also, we discuss the asymptotic expansion of knot invariants around roots of unity where we take a limit different from the limit in the standard volume conjecture.
Opacity from Loops in AdS
Authors: Costantino Alexandria , Fichet Sylvain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate how quantum dynamics affects the propagation of a scalar field in Lorentzian AdS. We work in momentum space, in which the propagator admits two spectral representations (denoted “conformal” and “momentum”) in addition to a closed-form one, and all have a simple split structure. Focusing on scalar bubbles, we compute the imaginary part of the self-energy ImΠ in the three representations, which involves the evaluation of seemingly very different objects. We explicitly prove their equivalence in any dimension, and derive some elementary and asymptotic properties of ImΠ.Using a WKB-like approach in the timelike region, we evaluate the propagator dressed with the imaginary part of the self-energy. We find that the dressing from loops exponentially dampens the propagator when one of the endpoints is in the IR region, rendering this region opaque to propagation. This suppression may have implications for field-theoretical model-building in AdS. We argue that in the effective theory (EFT) paradigm, opacity of the IR region induced by higher dimensional operators censors the region of EFT breakdown. This confirms earlier expectations from the literature. Specializing to AdS5, we determine a universal contribution to opacity from gravity.
Non-relativistic three-dimensional supergravity theories and semigroup expansion method
Authors: Concha Patrick , Ipinza Marcelo , Ravera Lucrezia , Rodríguez Evelyn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work we present an alternative method to construct diverse non-relativistic Chern-Simons supergravity theories in three spacetime dimensions. To this end, we apply the Lie algebra expansion method based on semigroups to a supersymmetric extension of the Nappi-Witten algebra. Two different families of non-relativistic superalgebras are obtained, corresponding to generalizations of the extended Bargmann superalgebra and extended Newton-Hooke superalgebra, respectively. The expansion method considered here allows to obtain known and new non-relativistic supergravity models in a systematic way. In particular, it immediately provides an invariant tensor for the expanded superalgebra, which is essential to construct the corresponding Chern-Simons supergravity action. We show that the extended Bargmann supergravity and its Maxwellian generalization appear as particular subcases of a generalized extended Bargmann supergravity theory. In addition, we demonstrate that the generalized extended Bargmann and generalized extended Newton-Hooke supergravity families are related through a contraction process.
Delinquentes Verhalten im Rahmen frontotemporaler Demenzen und der Alzheimer-Erkrankung
Authors: Haußmann R. , Krug C. , Noppes F. , Brandt M. , Lange J. , Donix M. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungSeniorenkriminalität ist insgesamt ein seltenes Phänomen. Bei älteren Straftätern hat es die Justiz in hohem Maß mit Ersttätern zu tun, die mehrheitlich männlichen Geschlechts sind. Eine mögliche Ursache von Erstkriminalität im höheren Lebensalter stellen Demenzerkrankungen dar. Es ist jedoch wenig dazu bekannt, wie häufig Demenzerkrankungen tatsächlich Ursache delinquenten Verhaltens im höheren Lebensalter sind. Die Demenzprävalenz in Studien mit forensischen Kohorten älterer Straftäter ist sehr heterogen, was vor allem studienmethodisch begründet ist. Längsschnittlich begehen etwa 50 % aller Patienten mit frontotemporaler Demenz und etwa 10 % aller Patienten mit Alzheimer-Demenz Delikte im Erkrankungsverlauf. Die neurobiologischen Entstehungsmechanismen von Delinquenzverhalten im Rahmen von Demenzen sind unvollständig verstanden. Nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen wird davon ausgegangen, dass Erstdelinquenz im Rahmen von Demenzerkrankungen als Folge von Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Kognition, Empathiefähigkeit und der Verhaltenskontrolle zu verstehen ist. Bedeutsam sind insbesondere frontale und anteriore temporale Hirnstrukturen. Demenzerkrankungen können zu Beeinträchtigungen der Schuldfähigkeit führen, weshalb forensisch-psychiatrische Sachverständige auch mit Demenzerkranken konfrontiert sind. Hierbei müssen ätiologiespezifische Besonderheiten berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere Erstdelikte im Rahmen wesensuntypischer Persönlichkeitsänderungen nach dem 50. Lebensjahr sollten an eine neurodegenerative Ätiologie denken lassen. Insbesondere frontotemporale Demenzerkrankungen, wie die behaviorale Variante einer frontotemporalen Demenz (bvFTD), aber auch die semantische Demenz (svPPA), prädisponieren zu delinquentem Verhalten.Diese Arbeit fasst aktuelle Erkenntnisse zu dieser forensisch-psychiatrisch, aber auch klinisch relevanten Thematik zusammen.
More than additive effects on liver triglyceride accumulation by combinations of steatotic and non-steatotic pesticides in HepaRG cells
Authors: Lasch Alexandra , Marx-Stoelting Philip , Braeuning Albert , Lichtenstein Dajana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe liver is constantly exposed to mixtures of hepatotoxic compounds, such as food contaminants and pesticides. Dose addition is regularly assumed for mixtures in risk assessment, which however might not be sufficiently protective in case of synergistic effects. Especially the prediction of combination effects of substances which do not share a common adverse outcome (AO) might be problematic. In this study, the focus was on the endpoint liver triglyceride accumulation in vitro, an indicator of hepatic fatty acid changes. The hepatotoxic compounds difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole were chosen which cause hepatic fatty acid changes in vivo, whereas fludioxonil was chosen as a hepatotoxic substance not causing fatty acid changes. Triglyceride accumulation was analyzed for combinations of steatotic and non-steatotic pesticides in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Investigations revealed a potentiation of triglyceride accumulation by mixtures of the steatotic compounds with the non-steatotic fludioxonil, as compared to the single compounds. Mathematical modeling of combination effects indicated more than additive effects for the tested combinations if the method by Chou was applied, and a decrease in EC50 values of the steatotic compounds when applied in mixtures. Use of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-driven testing strategy for liver steatosis showed interactions of the test compounds with the nuclear receptors AHR, CAR and PXR, as well as a downregulation of ACOX2. An ACOX2-dependent mechanism underlying the observed mixture effect could not be verified using a siRNA approach. By contrast, a toxicokinetic interaction was identified including an inhibition of the metabolic enzyme CYP3A4 by fludioxonil and a decreased metabolic conversion of the CYP3A4 substrate difenoconazole when used in mixture experiments. In conclusion, an interaction by a steatotic and a non-steatotic compound at the toxicokinetic level on the endpoint triglyceride accumulation in vitro was described.
Free Boundary Regularity for Almost Every Solution to the Signorini Problem
Authors: Fernández-Real Xavier , Ros-Oton Xavier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the regularity of the free boundary for the Signorini problem in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}$$

R

n
+
1

. It is known that regular points are $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional and $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

. However, even for $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

obstacles $$\varphi $$
φ
, the set of non-regular (or degenerate) points could be very large—e.g. with infinite $${\mathcal {H}}^{n-1}$$

H

n
-
1

measure. The only two assumptions under which a nice structure result for degenerate points has been established are when $$\varphi $$
φ
is analytic, and when $$\Delta \varphi < 0$$

Δ
φ
<
0

. However, even in these cases, the set of degenerate points is in general $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional—as large as the set of regular points. In this work, we show for the first time that, “usually”, the set of degenerate points is small. Namely, we prove that, given any $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

obstacle, for almost every solution the non-regular part of the free boundary is at most $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

-dimensional. This is the first result in this direction for the Signorini problem. Furthermore, we prove analogous results for the obstacle problem for the fractional Laplacian $$(-\Delta )^s$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

, and for the parabolic Signorini problem. In the parabolic Signorini problem, our main result establishes that the non-regular part of the free boundary is $$(n-1-\alpha _\circ )$$

(
n
-
1
-

α
∘

)

-dimensional for almost all times t, for some $$\alpha _\circ > 0$$

α
∘

>
0

. Finally, we construct some new examples of free boundaries with degenerate points.
Adverse events related to total ankle replacement devices: an analysis of reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Mahmoud Karim , Metikala Sreenivasulu , O’Connor Kathryn M. , Farber Daniel C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The published outcomes of total ankle replacement (TAR) implants came from limited institutions creating observational bias. For broader perspective, we queried the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) voluntary database to explore complications reported outside published literature.

Methods
The database was reviewed retrospectively between November 2011 and April 2019 using two product codes assigned to six TAR devices.

Results
Among 648 relevant reports available in the database, common complications were aseptic loosening (19.3%), infection (18.2%), and alignment/mechanical issues (16.5%). Others included instrument/instrumentation complications, impingement, polyethylene problems, fractures, avascular necrosis of talus (AVN), and packaging issues.

Conclusion
MAUDE database revealed various patterns of device-related malfunctions that have been under-reported in published data. Despite inconsistency in the available reports, it provided opportunities for improvements in quality control, device design, and ultimately patient safety. Database would be further strengthened by more robust reporting mechanism or mandatory reporting of device-related complications.
Small one-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles
Authors: Chen Jiehua , Grottke Sven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe characterize one-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles with a small number of alternatives and voters. We show that every single-peaked preference profile withtwovoters is one-dimensional Euclidean, and that every preference profile with up to five alternatives is one-dimensional Euclidean if and only if it is both single-peaked and single-crossing. By the work of Chen et al. (Social Choice and Welfare 48(2):409–432, 2017), we thus obtain that the smallest single-peaked and single-crossing preference profiles that arenotone-dimensional Euclidean consist of three voters and six alternatives.
Risikoidentifikation bei Polypharmazie in einer Pflegeheimpopulation
Authors: Specka Michael , Groll Maria , Scherbaum Norbert , Wiltfang Jens , Benninghoff Jens 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Multimorbidität im Alter ist u. a. ein Grund für intensivierte Pharmakotherapie. Gleichzeitig kann es mit steigender Medikamentenzahl zu einer Zunahme der Multimorbidität kommen, insbesondere wenn Interaktionen zwischen den Wirkstoffen zu unerwünschten Arzneiwirkungen (UAW) führen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, in einer Pilotstudie Patienten zu identifizieren, die einem erhöhten Risiko für UAW unterliegen.

Methoden
In einer Querschnittserhebung wurden 918 in Heimen lebende psychiatrisch behandelte Alterspatienten untersucht (Altersmittel: 79,3 (±11,6) Jahre; 31,8 % Männer). Es kamen exemplarisch verschiedene Methoden zur Identifikation von möglichen Risikopatienten zur Anwendung: eine die Interaktionen der Gesamtmedikation erfassende „Clinical-Decision-Support-Software“(CDSS)-Onlinedatenbank, mediQ, und eine Negativliste, die pauschal zu vermeidende Präparate indiziert, die PRISCUS-Liste.

Ergebnis
Es hatten 76,3 % aller Studienpatienten bei Betrachtung der Gesamtmedikation ein klinisch relevantes Interaktionsrisiko (IR), 2,2 % standen unter einem darüber hinausgehenden potenziell starken UAW-Risiko durch Interaktionen. Ungefähr ein Viertel der untersuchten Studienpopulation erhielt potenziell inadäquate Medikamente gemäß PRISCUS.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese unterschiedlichen Zahlen zeigen die Komplexität der eindeutigen Identifikation von Risikopatienten am Beispiel dieser beiden, auf unterschiedlicher Grundlage basierenden Instrumente. Trotz des technischen Fortschritts sollte der Schwerpunkt der UAW-Vermeidung unverändert darauf liegen, Medikamente erst nach besonders gründlicher Prüfung der klinischen Indikation zu verordnen und eine adäquate Verlaufskontrolle zu gewährleisten. Die neuen CDSS oder Negativlisten bieten hierbei Unterstützung.
A sprayable Acid-Oxidizing solution containing hypochlorous acid (AOS2020) efficiently and safely inactivates SARS-Cov-2: a new potential solution for upper respiratory tract hygiene
Authors: Giarratana Nadia , Rajan Balan , Kamala Kannan , Mendenhall Michelle , Reiner Giorgio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
To eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic, the transmission of the virus SARS-CoV-2 among the population needs to be blocked and/or at least reduced. Upper respiratory tract viral loads are highest in the early stages of the disease, and high loads are associated with higher mortality rates. This study aims to evaluate the virucidal efficacy of AOS2020, a novel sprayable Acid-Oxidizing solution containing pure and stable hypochlorous acid (HClO), on human coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 in vitro, and the tolerability profile on nasal and oral mucosa suggesting to be a potential solution for upper respiratory hygiene.

Method
Virucidal assays and intranasal and oral irritation tests were undertaken in accordance with relevant national and international guidance and methods.

Results
In pre-clinical tests, the AOS2020, showed > 99.8% virucidal efficacy in < 1 min against SARS-Cov-2. The safety profile testing on both the nasal and oral mucosa indicates that AOS2020 is non-irritant.

Conclusion
These initial results indicate that this product has the potential treatment to reduce viral load in the upper respiratory tract.
Large deformation behavior of functionally graded porous curved beams in thermal environment
Authors: Nikrad S. F. , Kanellopoulos A. , Bodaghi M. , Chen Z. T. , Pourasghar A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe in-plane thermoelastic response of curved beams made of porous materials with different types of functionally graded (FG) porosity is studied in this research contribution. Nonlinear governing equations are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory along with the nonlinear Green strains. The nonlinear governing equations are solved by the aid of the Rayleigh–Ritz method along with the Newton–Raphson method. The modified rule-of-mixture is employed to derive the material properties of imperfect FG porous curved beams. Comprehensive parametric studies are conducted to explore the effects of volume fraction and various dispersion patterns of porosities, temperature field, and arch geometry as well as boundary conditions on the nonlinear equilibrium path and stability behavior of the FG porous curved beams. Results reveal that dispersion and volume fraction of porosities have a significant effect on the thermal stability path, maximum stress, and bending moment at the crown of the curved beams. Moreover, the influence of porosity dispersion and structural geometry on the central radial and in-plane displacement of the curved beams is evaluated. Results show that various boundary conditions make a considerable difference in the central radial displacements of the curved beams with the same porosity dispersion. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to provide pertinent results that are instrumental toward a reliable design of FG porous curved beams in thermal environment.
Modeling inter-trial variability of pointing movements during visuomotor adaptation
Authors: Eggert Thomas , Henriques Denise Y. P. , ’t Hart Bernard M. , Straube Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrial-to-trial variability during visuomotor adaptation is usually explained as the result of two different sources, planning noise and execution noise. The estimation of the underlying variance parameters from observations involving varying feedback conditions cannot be achieved by standard techniques (Kalman filter) because they do not account for recursive noise propagation in a closed-loop system. We therefore developed a method to compute the exact likelihood of the output of a time-discrete and linear adaptation system as has been used to model visuomotor adaptation (Smith et al. in PLoS Biol 4(6):e179, 2006), observed under closed-loop and error-clamp conditions. We identified the variance parameters by maximizing this likelihood and compared the model prediction of the time course of variance and autocovariance with empiric data. The observed increase in variability during the early training phase could not be explained by planning noise and execution noise with constant variances. Extending the model by signal-dependent components of either execution noise or planning noise showed that the observed temporal changes of the trial-to-trial variability can be modeled by signal-dependent planning noise rather than signal-dependent execution noise. Comparing the variance time course between different training schedules showed that the signal-dependent increase of planning variance was specific for the fast adapting mechanism, whereas the assumption of constant planning variance was sufficient for the slow adapting mechanisms.
Effects of repeated testing in a pen-and-paper test of selective attention (FAIR-2)
Authors: Wühr Bianca , Wühr Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe FAIR-2 (‘Frankfurter Aufmerksamkeitsinventar’) is a pen-and-paper test of visual attention in which participants have to search for targets among distractors. For similar pen-and-paper tests of attention (e.g., d2), the repetition of the test causes large improvements in performance that threaten both its (retest) reliability and validity. We investigated the size and possible sources of practice effects in the FAIR-2 in three experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were tested twice using the original FAIR-2. We compared how performance changed after 2 weeks (Experiment 1) or 3 months (Experiment 2), when the test was repeated (complete repetition), or when targets and distractors changed their roles (test reversal). For Experiment 3, we used self-constructed versions of the FAIR that allowed for a third neutral condition (complete alternation) without any stimulus overlap between the two tests. The complete repetition condition produced strong performance gains (25–35%) that persisted for 3 months. For the complete-alternation condition, we observed small to moderate improvements, suggesting that stimulus-independent learning had occurred in session 1. Finally, performance did not differ between test reversal and complete alternation, therefore, suggesting that improvements in target processing had caused the large improvements in the complete-repetition condition.