bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Other disorders of women’s health
Authors: Gale Katherine , Tye Claudia , Kubba Ali , Gupta Sunanda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers other disorders that are not covered elsewhere in this book. It includes fibroids, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, benign ovarian tumours, vulval disorders (cysts, dermatosis, intraepithelial neoplasia, and vulval pain), and female genital mutilation. For each diagnosis it gives definitions, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment regimes. For endometriosis, both surgical and medical treatments are discussed.
Sexual health
Authors: Mckenzie Victoria , Frodsham Leila , Holloway Debra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers problems that can occur with sexual health in women. It starts with the definition, assessment, diagnosis, investigations, and treatment of different sorts of vaginal discharge. It provides information about sexual health in context, including its links with other forms of disease and psychological well-being. Protocols for partner notification in the cases of diagnosis with a sexually transmitted disease are explained. The signs, symptoms, and treatment for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and Mycoplasma genitalium are all covered. It also covers the definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. Hepatitis B and C are described, along with anogenital warts, genital herpes, and genital lumps and ulcers. Finally HIV and new developments such as PrEP and PEP are covered.
Bladder and urogenital prolapse
Authors: Stewart Ellie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers problems that can occur with the bladder, and then pelvic organ prolapse. It provides an assessment of urinary incontinence, and associated investigations, followed by an overview and treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). An overview of urinary stress incontinence is covered, along with both specialist and conservative treatments. Uroflowmetry and urodynamics are described. Pelvic organ prolapse and its treatment is covered, along with vaginal pessaries and surgical treatment. Cystitis, continence products, and all aspects of urinary catheters including trouble-shooting are covered.
Nursing care of gynaecological patients in hospital
Authors: Chrimes Jenny 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at the care of the gynaecological patient within the hospital setting. It starts with pre-operative care, principles of enhanced recovery, the admissions process, post-operative complications and wound infections. The psychological impact of patients in gynaecological settings, the practical care of the patient, and long-stay and outpatient advice is given. It then covers the diagnosis, operative and post-operative care of hysterscopy, laparoscopic surgery, and major gynaecological surgery. Finally, different types of hysterectomy, their indications, and post-operative care are explained, and the chapter concludes with other surgical procedures.
Unwanted fertility
Authors: Fletcher Joanne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers unwanted fertility, or abortion. It provides an overview of abortion and the legal aspects surrounding it in the United Kingdom, followed by the nurse’s role in abortion provision. It outlines the pre-abortion assessment process, and then both the methods and timings for the surgical termination of pregnancy (STOP) and the medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP). Finally, complications and risks - including both physical and psychological - associated with abortion are discussed.
Early pregnancy problems
Authors: Phillips Fiona 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the role of the early pregnancy assessment unit, the care of women with bleeding or pain in early pregnancy, the definition, causes, assessment, and treatments for miscarriage, as well as caring for the patient who experiences recurrent miscarriage. The diagnosis, assessment, and both medical and surgical management of ectopic pregnancy is explained. Nausea, vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum, and psychological care in early pregnancy are also all covered.
Colposcopy
Authors: Jokhan Aggie , Aburam Joyce , Sinfield Emma , Holloway Debra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with an overview of the NHS cervical screening programme, then describes ways of taking samples for liquid-based cytology. The colposcopy procedure is detailed, and indications for referral are listed. Subsequent treatment and follow-up are explained, and the role of the nurse in cervical screening in primary care is covered. The human papilloma virus, testing, and vaccines are included, along with the clinical features and management of cervical polyps, and cervical ectropion are explained.
Breast
Authors: Kubba Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with a short introduction to the role of the breast complaint in a gynaecological setting, and how nurses can encourage breast awareness and participation in screening programmes. It then goes on to cover breast pain (mastalgia), various benign breast conditions, and breast history and examination. It describes screening and diagnosis of breast disease, the current clinical picture and treatment options for breast cancer, alongside associated risk factors and prevention.
Adrenal
Authors: Tomlinson Jeremy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the adrenal gland. It begins with the anatomy and physiology of the adrenal gland, then continues with imaging techniques. It then covers adrenal disorders, including Conn’s syndrome, adrenal Cushing’s syndrome, Adrenal insufficiency, Addison’s disease, and multiple autoimmune disorders. The investigation, treatment, and long-term management of primary insufficiency is covered. Various adrenal tumours and associated disorders, along with their management, are described.
Transitional endocrinology
Authors: Gleeson Helena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers endocrine concerns in the age group 10-24 years. It starts with an overview of transitional endocrinology and biopsychosocial development, aspects of developmentally appropriate healthcare, and how to perform a consultation for adolescents and young adults. It covers common clinical endocrine presentations of young people during adolescence, and how to approach a young person with an endocrine condition undergoing transition into adult care. The management of young people with hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency is outlined.
Endocrinology and ageing
Authors: Brooke Antonia , McGovern Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ageing causes changes in many hormonal areas. This chapter begins with an overview of these changes, and goes on to bone disease in the elderly, changes in growth hormones and IGF-1, differences in gonadal function and adrenal function, and then thyroid and pituitary disease in the ageing patient.
Endocrinology aspects of other clinical or physiological situations
Authors: Brooke Antonia , Hirwa Kagabo , Higham Claire , Lewis Alex 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers endocrine aspects of a variety of conditions and situations. It explains the symptoms and investigations of hypoglycaemia along with its management; mastocytosis, cancer and the associated endocrine sequalae of survivors of childhood cancer, syndromes of ectopic hormone production, and associated disorders. It then covers the effects on endocrinology on liver and renal diseases, and in the critically ill. Differential diagnosis of endocrine disorders is outlined, alongside the effects of stress and exercise on the endocrine system. Finally, alternative therapies are discussed.
Genetic testing in endocrinology
Authors: Korbonits Márta , Newey Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with describing the genetic basis of endocrine disease, and the potential utility for genetic testing (alongside consent). It then covers different types of genetic tests and their applications. There is a section on pituitary adenomas, MEN types 1 and 4, familial isolated pituitary adenoma, and various other genetic conditions related to the endocrine system.
Iconoclasm
Authors: Brubaker Leslie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Iconoclasm is the modern name used to describe the debate about the legitimacy of portraits of Christ, Mary, and the saints in Orthodox devotional practice that began in the 720s and was resolved with the “triumph of Orthodoxy” in 843. It had an impact on Byzantine culture in two fundamental ways. First, it sealed the importance of visual communication at the heart of Orthodox devotional practice and theology. Second, by establishing that images of saints (icons) allowed the believer to channel prayers to the saint portrayed, the pro-image doctrine that emerged in the ninth century ensured that all believers—not just priests—had equal access to the divine.
Italy, the Crusader States, and Cyprus
Authors: Georgopoulou Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Roman and Byzantine heritage provided a background for art in Italy from the time of Justinian until the Renaissance. Mosaics in Norman Palermo and medieval Venice served as hallmarks of polities striving to advertise their imperial pedigrees, while reliquaries and diplomatic gifts adorned in the Byzantine techniques of enamel and encrustation offered a link with venerated traditions. Later stylistic borrowings from Byzantium (known as maniera greca) marked Italian religious imagery. Byzantine art was also a major source in Crusader art as well as in Cyprus, which was a Byzantine province with close ties to Constantinople. In the Holy Land and medieval Greece the Byzantine past remained active in both architecture—secular and religious—as well as in painting.
Acceptance and Adaptation of Byzantine Architectural Types in the “Byzantine Commonwealth”
Authors: Johnson Mark J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the influence of Byzantine architecture on its neighbors, in particular in Bulgaria, Serbia, medieval Rus’, and the Veneto and the Norman Kingdom of southern Italy. In particular, it notes the adoption of the cross-in-square church type in these territories and their adaption of the form to reflect local building practices and aesthetic choices. Also examined are new architectural types that combined Byzantine architectural ideas with local ones in hybrid forms. The influence of the Byzantine Great Palace on palace design outside of Byzantium is also noted.
Stone Sculpture
Authors: Brooks Sarah T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Decorative stone sculpture is one of the most enduring and prestigious forms of decoration in Byzantine buildings of all kinds and from the empire’s whole history. Whether serving as support critical to infrastructure, or as pure adornment, this sculpture was a hallmark of the Byzantine architectural tradition. Often, it indicated the highest levels of patronage. Sculpted stone elements used in the decoration of buildings often included columns, capitals, and entablature blocks; moldings; cornices; window and door frames; fountains; sarcophagi and architectonic frames for arcosolia, or niche tombs; furnishings, including church altars, ciboria, ambos, baptismal fonts, and templon screens, as well as domestic items such as tables, seating, and shelving; and decorated stone panels displaying dedicatory or commemorative inscriptions.
Amulets, Crosses, and Reliquaries
Authors: Pitarakis Brigitte 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Byzantines deployed an array of spiritual weapons for worship and protection, revealing links in the function and decoration of Christian amulets and private objects of devotion. The variety of these metal objects offers insight into the evolution of practices of belief from the Holy Land to Constantinople. The development of the cult of the True Cross relics in conjunction with a growth in popularity of saints’ relics following Iconoclasm, grounded in a growing belief in their intercessory powers, was gradually superseded by the cult of icons and development of miniature versions of icons, precious enkolpia carried on the chest. The Holy Rider spearing a female demon remained the most powerful image on amulets throughout the period considered.
Textile Media
Authors: Woodfin Warren T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Byzantine textile arts can be grouped into Late Antique/Early Byzantine, Middle Byzantine, and Late Byzantine categories, dominated respectively by tapestry-woven decoration in wool, patterned silk textiles, and gold embroideries. Accidents of preservation have played a major role in determining what survives from each period and should be kept in mind when evaluating the history of Byzantine textile production. Nonetheless, these categories seem to reflect a series of real shifts in the focus of production. The first is a pivot from domestic consumption to the international mercantile context of silk production, controlled by the Byzantine court. The second, following economic and military setbacks (twelfth-thirteenth centuries), is a new emphasis on embroidered decoration, with the Orthodox Church as the dominant patron.
Religious Architecture
Authors: Mihaljević Marina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a review of major developments in Byzantine religious architecture. During the long period of Byzantine history, ecclesiastical buildings manifested the highest societal aspirations both by their cultural importance and by their aesthetic qualities. The chapter offers insight into church plans as well as the variety of approaches to interior and exterior design. As written records addressing Byzantine building practices are almost nonexistent, construction techniques and elements of architectural styles are here noted as a testament to the various building practices in the Byzantine domain. Emphasis is also given to new methodological approaches that may contribute to further understanding of Byzantine religious architecture.
Devotional Practices and the Development of the Church Building
Authors: Stanković Nebojša 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Orthodox Christian worship and devotions determined the planning, organization, and form of religious architecture in Byzantium. However, a church does not merely house religious events; it also has an impact on the way they are accommodated within a defined space. This chapter presents Byzantine church building as it was understood by its users and developed in relation to various segments of liturgical ritual and forms of devotion. An effort is made to address all periods, include developments in regions outside the capital, and examine some manifestations beyond the church building. At the end, there is an overview of issues and problems in the study of the subject, and of potential research directions in the field.
Private Collecting and the Art Market for Byzantine Artifacts
Authors: Schmidt Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After a review of the history of trading and collecting of Byzantine artifacts since the end of the nineteenth century, this chapter discusses the present movement pushing for an end to the antiquities market. As this market reacts like any other one, so the argument goes, the allegedly increased demand leads to higher prices and thus to an increased supply, served by a veritable explosion of illegal excavations. The consequences are devastating: destruction of archaeological sites, and archaeological finds without context being worthless from the perspective of archaeologists. According to the laws of the market, illegal digging would stop if demand dried up. At first glance, these arguments appear conclusive; on closer inspection, however, they turn out to be questionable.
On Marginality: La dolce vita’s Homosexuals
Authors: Dyer Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The situation of LGBT+ people has long been characterized as marginal, socially and textually. This is notably true of the history of LGBT+ cinematic representation. However, marginality takes different forms, at the level of characterization (notably in terms of functionality and vividness) and in terms of structure (sometimes really incidental, sometimes serving to create the contours of centrality or to underpin or undermine it). These distinctions are discussed through the case of La dolce vita, a film in which gay characters are apparently extremely marginal but to which they are in fact integral. Comparison is drawn with the representation of ethnicity in the film and of gay characters in a parody of it.
Invasion of the Child Snatchers: Pedophilic Seduction in New Queer Cinema
Authors: Osterweil Ara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Beginning in the mid-1990s and continuing through the first decade of the twenty-first century, American independent cinema began to engage the taboo of intergenerational intimacy as its animating provocation and ready-made narrative solution. This chapter analyzes two films associated with the New Queer Cinema that appear to challenge the conservative paradigms of erotic endangerment embodied by these films. By offering portraits of precocious adolescents whose shattering encounters with sexuality defy the norms of pedophilic representation, both L.I.E. (Michael Cuesta, 2001), and Mysterious Skin (Gregg Araki, 2004) mine the potential of queer sexuality to transform dominant narratives of violation into ambiguous dramas of sexual awakening and kinship. Yet, in spite of New Queer Cinema’s promise to offer an alternative to the standard depiction of the monstrous pedophile, these texts fail to embody a genuinely counter-cinema practice, relying instead on a paradigm of “pedo-normativity” developed in the midst of the AIDS crisis and the War on Terror.
Greener Pastures: Filming Sex and Place at Druid Heights
Authors: Youmans Greg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 2018, the US Park Service finally deemed the informal artist colony Druid Heights, in California’s Marin County, eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. There is no act of preservation that can do justice to everything Druid Heights was and is, and it remains to be seen which aspects will get fixed as official history and which others will fade away or be left to haunt the place in unexpected ways. This chapter analyzes three films that staged competing visions of sexual freedom at Druid Heights: James Broughton’s experimental short The Bed (1967), the Mariposa Film Group’s gay and lesbian interview documentary Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives (1977), and Ed De Priest’s heterosexual pornographic feature Skintight (1981). Together, these films present a valuable case study for understanding the role of cinema in political contestations over the meaning and use of space.
More Than Meets the Eye: On Facing without Fully Knowing the Queer Worlds around Us
Authors: Davis Nick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter tracks a recent trend in queer narrative films that minimize psychological transparency, leave plot lines unresolved, and make facial close-ups affectively illegible. Such opacities regarding story and character refocus spectators instead on nuanced operations of power within specific cultural milieus. Thus, these films yield stealth versions of political cinema, hailing audiences into complex acts of richly intersectional social analysis and pushing film’s formal capacities to convey “personal” stories in ways that evade voyeurism and deprioritize identification. After opening with the Oscar-winning Moonlight (2016), which stipulates its lead character’s inscrutability to himself and others, including audiences, this inquiry delves further into three lesser-known contemporaries: Spa Night (2016), about a closeted Korean American teen; They (2017), a meditation on gender transition and national exile; and Tomcat (2016), an Austrian parable of the unknowability of humans and other animals.
VHS Archives, Committed Media Praxis, and “Queer Cinema”
Authors: Juhasz Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Committed media praxis is a doing as much as it is a knowing. Queerness is a manner of being as much as it is a politics, theory, or set of modish objects. This chapter about topics that are also processes—queer, media praxis, cinema—performs these across two acts: “Part 1: A Hesitant or Maybe Just Slightly Defiant Preamble,” is a creative unfolding, in the body of the text and as much so in its footnotes, of the author’s “queer feminist media praxis”: “Part 2: VHS Archives” is a demonstration of VHS Archives, a multisited, many-yeared project in experimental pedagogy, web-based archival engagement, and committed activist interventions into contemporary AIDS activism and queer media.
Mirror Scene: Transgender Aesthetics in The Matrix and Boys Don’t Cry
Authors: Keegan Cáel M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What is trans cinema, and how do we know? Drawing on methods from the emergent field of trans studies, this chapter takes up the classic trope of the mirror scene as technique for expanding the archive of purportedly “transgender” cinema. Redeployed as a beside strategy, the mirror scene reveals contemporaneous films Boys Don’t Cry (1999) and The Matrix (1999) as mirror images of one another—a historical meeting place reflecting inverse explorations of transgender representation at the turn of the millennium. Reconsidering Boys Don’t Cry’s legacy in light of The Matrix’s trans authorship and aesthetics, the chapter works dually across these film’s bodies to illustrate how competing trans* imaginaries were developing within the late twentieth-century’s popular cinematic frame.
Teorema’s Death Drive
Authors: Young Damon Ross 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers a reading of Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Teorema (1968), not only as a major queer film, but as an early work of queer theory. Made in 1968, Teorema appears at a moment of political upheaval, and yet confoundingly discards a narrative of class struggle in order to focus on a series of sexual encounters between a handsome, unnamed stranger (played by Terence Stamp) and every member of a wealthy Milanese family. Does Pasolini’s first film to explicitly depict homosexuality entail a failure of his Marxist politics? Exploring the film’s political aesthetics, the chapter argues that what is at stake in Teorema is an aesthetic inscription of what Guy Hocquenghem, a few years later, would call “homosexual desire.” Far from describing a socially intelligible sexual orientation, this term names a movement towards dissolution and revolution, both material and metaphysical.
Excessive Attachments: Twenty-First-Century Queer and Trans Video Art in the United States
Authors: Simmons William J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the queer video artists who are working in the United States in the twenty-first-century and presenting their work primarily in gallery and museum contexts, either in traditional shows or performance/time-based interventions. Their work is divided into purposefully capacious and fluid categories: reimagining a queer/trans world, restaging the medium, and re-articulating appropriation. Queer affect is considered alongside discourses of self-reflexivity and appropriation that are central to art-historical debates around modernism and postmodernism. Above all, the chapter argues that contemporary queer video art is untethered in its definition but nevertheless constellates around certain themes and bodies. Expanded definitions of queerness often negate the specific strategies taken on by queer and trans artists and privilege a nonspecific and disembodied queer abstraction. The chapter seeks to supplement those lacunae with new ways of theorizing media alongside new ways of theorizing queer representation.