bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between respiratory and vascular function in early childhood
Authors: Hemstock Emily J. , Shao Jingyi , Zhao Bing , Hall Graham L. , Wheeler Amanda J. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Melody Shannon M. , Dalton Marita F. , Foong Rachel E. , Williamson Grant J. , Chappell Katherine J. , Abramson Michael J. , Negishi Kazuaki , Johnston Fay H. , Zosky Graeme R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe link between respiratory and vascular health is well documented in adult populations. Impaired lung function is consistently associated with thicker arteries and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, there are limited data on this relationship in young children and the studies that exist have focussed on populations at high risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity. We determined if an association exists between respiratory and cardiovascular function in young children and, if so, whether it is confounded by known cardiorespiratory risk factors.MethodsRespiratory and vascular data from a prospective cohort study established to evaluate the health implications 3 years after coal mine fire smoke exposure in children aged 3–5 years were used. Respiratory function was measured using the forced oscillation technique and included resistance at 5 Hz (R5), reactance at 5 Hz (X5) and area under the reactance curve (AX). Vascular health was measured by carotid intima‐media thickness (ultrasound) and pulse wave velocity (arterial tonometry). Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the respiratory Z‐scores and cardiovascular measures. Subsequent analyses were adjusted for potential confounding by maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal education and exposure to fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5).ResultsPeripheral lung function (X5 and AX), but not respiratory system resistance (R5), was associated with vascular function. Adjustment for maternal smoking, maternal education and early life exposure to PM2.5 had minimal effect on these associations.ConclusionThese observations suggest that peripheral lung stiffness is associated with vascular stiffness and that this relationship is established early in life.
Invisible no more: White racialization and the localness of racial identity
Authors: Bell Marcus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat does it mean to be white? How do whites see themselves and other white people, racially? These are empirical questions, questions that sociologists have spent decades trying to answer. Among numerous findings, none have been as pronounced as white racelessness; the theory that whites possess invisible, or raceless, identities. Despite its influence on our understanding of race, the construction of whiteness as an invisible identity has been called into question, as a number of scholars, past and present, focus more on the local dynamics of white racialization. For a growing cross‐section of whites, modern cultural and demographic change has shattered the illusion of white normality, causing them to confront their own racial identities in intimate and explicit ways. How do these and other whites respond to being seen as white? Though adept at detailing the way whites conceptualize white racial identity, generally, sociologists have been far less successful in examining how whites conceptualize white racial identity, locally. In this article, after reviewing both general and local constructions of white racial identity, I argue that going forward, researchers need to dispense with contextual overgeneralizations and focus more the localness of white identity formation.
Personality development in disruptive times: The impact of personal versus collective life events
Authors: Wundrack Richard , Asselmann Eva , Specht Jule 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPersonality development is related to life events that change social roles and environments. Here, we provide an overview of the differences between personal and collective life events relevant to personality development. Following some basic assumptions about the malleability of personality traits due to life events, we discuss the differences in the thematic, social, spatial, and temporal characteristics of personal and collective life events. Personal life events often cover the domains of health, work, family, and love in individual people's lives, while collective life events refer to disasters and power struggles that affect many people. Collective life events are different because they can (a) trigger different personal life events for different people, (b) indirectly affect many more individuals who identify with a directly affected group, and (c) change social role demands through cultural changes. We discuss how these, and other differences affect the way researchers should investigate collective life events.
No significant influence of biochar and manure application on nitrogen fate and sequestration by tomato and garlic crops: A field experiment in California, USA
Authors: Gao Suduan , Duan Yinghua , Wang Dong , Turini Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic soil amendments can improve soil health but their role in improving N management has not been well quantified. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of biochar and manure compost application on crop yield, N uptake, changes in soil and environmental losses and to use the information to assess the N requirement and project fertilization needs. A field experiment was conducted in California, USA, with processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown first, followed by garlic (Allium sativum). The soil was a sandy loam with a pH of 7.2 and CEC of 9.1 cmol(+) kg−1. Treatments included two biochar products, derived from almond shell or softwood feedstocks, applied at 20 or 40 tonnes (t) ha−1, dairy manure compost at 20 t ha−1, combinations of the manure and the biochar (each at 20 t ha−1), and a control. Although biochar and manure applications improved the surface soil organic C and total N content, no significant effects on crop yield, biomass and N uptake, as well as ammonia volatilization and leaching loss, were observed. The amount of N sequestered by plants ranged from 3.2 to 3.8 and 9.9 to 10.0 kg N Mg−1 to produce fresh tomato fruits and garlic bulbs, respectively. However, about half of the N for tomato and 93% for garlic plants were removed from soil by harvesting. The N sequestered per unit biomass (or yield) production appears a stable parameter, which can be used to reliably project fertilization needs that target high NUE and minimal loss to the environment.
HLA genetic polymorphism in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Midwestern United States
Authors: Schindler Emily , Dribus Marian , Duffy Brian F. , Hock Karl , Farnsworth Christopher W. , Gragert Loren , Liu Chang 
Published: August 2021

The experience of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening multi‐organ dysfunction. Specific HLA alleles may affect the predisposition to severe COVID‐19 because of their role in presenting viral peptides to launch the adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In this population‐based case–control study in the midwestern United States, we performed high‐resolution HLA typing of 234 cases hospitalized for COVID‐19 in the St. Louis metropolitan area and compared their HLA allele frequencies with those of 22,000 matched controls from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). We identified two predisposing alleles, HLA‐DRB1*08:02 in the Hispanic group (OR = 9.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.2–37.9; adjusted p = 0.03) and HLA‐A*30:02 in younger African Americans with ages below the median (OR = 2.2, 1.4–3.6; adjusted p = 0.01), and several candidate alleles with potential associations with COVID‐19 in African American, White, and Hispanic groups. We also detected risk‐associated amino acid residues in the peptide binding grooves of some of these alleles, suggesting the presence of functional associations. These findings support the notion that specific HLA alleles may be protective or predisposing factors to COVID‐19. Future consortium analysis of pooled cases and controls is warranted to validate and extend these findings, and correlation with viral peptide binding studies will provide additional evidence for the functional association between HLA alleles and COVID‐19.
On the Problem of Deviant Realizations
Authors: Lee Kok Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent literature has seen a surging interest in the modal principle involved in the Gettier‐style thought experiments. According to the necessitation thesis, the modal principle underlying the Gettier‐style thought experiments takes the form of a principle of necessitation. It is widely agreed that the necessitation thesis is seriously threatened by the problem of deviant realizations. Based on the Gricean pragmatic theory of communication, I defend the necessitation thesis against the problem of deviant realizations. The present account bears some significant similarities to Pierre Saint‐Germier's account. After comparing and contrasting these two accounts, I argue that the differences between them actually speak in favour of the present account over Saint‐Germier's one.
Study of Thermodynamic Effect on the Mechanism of Flashing Flow Under Pressurized Hot Water by a Homogeneous Model
Authors: Dinh Le Anh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The flashing flow in a Moby_Dick converging-diverging nozzle under pressurized hot water from 460.5 to 483.5 K is simulated using a homogeneous compressible water-vapor two-phase flow model. The kinematic and thermodynamic mass transfer are accessed using the cavitation model based on the Hertz–Knudsen–Langmuir equation. Our simplified thermodynamic model is coupled with the governing equations to capture the phase-change heat transfer. This numerical method proved its reliability through a comparison with available experimental data of flow parameters inside the nozzle. Consequently, the present numerical method shows good potential for simulating the flashing flow under pressurized hot water conditions. The satisfying prediction of averaged flow parameters with a slight improvement compared to reference numerical data is reproduced. The results confirm a noticeable impact of the thermodynamic effect on the mechanism of flashing flow, resulting in a considerable decrease in the flow temperature and the saturated vapor pressure. The flashing nonequilibrium is significantly decreased, forcing the flashing flow to be classified as the usual cavitation behavior and better suited to homogeneous model. While the temperature drop is highly dependent on evaporation, the thermodynamic suppression is influenced by the condensation. The suppression effect, unobserved in water at a lower temperature in previous studies, is noticeable for the pressurized hot water flow characterized by the cavitation mechanism. The vapor void fraction decreased considerably in the radial and axial directions as the water temperature rose to 483.5 K in this study.
Control of Concentrated Solar Direct Steam Generation Collectors for Process Heat Applications
Authors: Mokhtar Marwan , Zahler Christian , Stieglitz Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solar direct steam generation (DSG) systems are well suited for process steam applications and are able to provide steam at the pressure required by common industrial processes. Nevertheless, reliable control has always been a challenge for solar DSG system hindering its wider adoption. In this paper, a control strategy for solar DSG systems is presented. The control strategy is based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control theory combined with model-based feedforward control. Experimental data demonstrate that the control strategy provides good performance in terms of stability and setpoint tracking. The error in setpoint tracking for the load pressure controller is shown to be as low as ±0.005 MPa under real life conditions. The said strategy is currently implemented in two commercially operating plants providing solar steam for industrial processes.
Research on Tribological Properties and Viscoelasticity of EPDM Rubber in the Main Drive Sealing System of Shield Machine
Authors: Sun Qi , Wang Shijie , Lv Xiaoren 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The tribological properties and wear mechanisms of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) with different carbon black contents under dry friction conditions are studied on an UMT Tribolab friction and wear tester. The variation of carbon black content in EPDM does not lead to the formation of new compounds. However, it significantly improves the shore hardness and tribological properties of EPDM. In addition, significant stick-slip phenomenon occurs during the wear process of EPDM with different carbon black content. During the wear process of EPDM, there are both adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and adhesive wear is the main wear form. Therefore, the results reveal the relationship between carbon black content and tribological properties of EPDM, which can contribute to improve the tribological properties of EPDM.
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Contact of Rough Surfaces: An Incremental Equivalent Circular Model
Authors: Liang X. M. , Ding Y. , Duo Y. , Yuan W. K. , Wang G. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an incremental equivalent contact model is developed for elastic-perfectly plastic solids with rough surfaces. The contact of rough surface is modeled by the accumulation of circular contacts with varying radius, which is estimated from the geometrical contact area and the number of contact patches. For three typical rough surfaces with various mechanical properties, the present model gives accurate predictions of the load-area relation, which are verified by direct finite element simulations. An approximately linear load-area relation is observed for elastic-plastic contact up to a large contact fraction of 15%, and the influence of yield stress is addressed.
Igneous activity in central-southern Italy: Is the subduction paradigm still valid?
Authors: Lustrino* Michele , Chiarabba Claudio , Carminati Eugenio 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The Pliocene–Quaternary igneous record of the Tyrrhenian Sea area features a surprisingly large range of compositions from subalkaline to ultra-alkaline and from ultrabasic to acid. These rocks, emplaced within the basin and along its margins, are characterized by strongly SiO2-undersaturated and CaO-rich to strongly SiO2-oversaturated and peraluminous compositions, with sodic to ultrapotassic alkaline and tholeiitic to calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline affinities. We focused on the different models proposed to explain the famous Roman Comagmatic Region, part of the Quaternary volcanism that spreads along the eastern side of the Tyrrhenian area, in the stretched part of the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt. We reviewed data and hypotheses proposed in the literature that infer active to fossil subduction up to models that exclude subduction entirely. Many field geology observations sustain the interpretation that the evolution of the Tyrrhenian-Apennine system was related to subduction of the western margin of Adria continental lithosphere after minor recycling of oceanic lithosphere. However, the lateral extent of the subducting slab in the last millions of years, when magmatism flared up, remains debatable. The igneous activity that developed in the last millions of years along the Tyrrhenian margin is here explained as originating from a subduction-modified mantle, regardless of whether the large-scale subduction system is still active.
Pseudotorellia Florin from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of the Bureya Basin, Russian Far East
Authors: Nosova N. V. , Kostina E. I. , Bugdaeva E. V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe leaves of the genusPseudotorelliafrom the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of the Bureya Basin (Russian Far East) have been revised. The similarity ofPseudotorellia angustifoliaDoludenko andP. longifoliaDoludenko in the morphology and epidermal characters suggests thatP. longifoliais a synonym ofP. angustifolia. Leaves of this genus from the Bureya Basin previously assigned toP. ensiformis(Heer) Doludenko according to both morphological and epidermal characters are described as a new speciesP. doludenkoaesp. nov., since the type specimens ofP.ensiformisfrom the Irkutsk Basin do not have preserved cuticles and their leaf epidermal characters are unknown. The epidermal characters of leaves described previously asPseudotorellia pulchellaandP. crassifoliahave been studied for the first time. Since these species have similar morphological and epidermal characters, they are described asP. crassifolia, and its emended diagnosis is provided. The well-defined epidermal characters ofPseudotorellia allow us to reliably assign even cuticle fragments and dispersed cuticles to a particular species. This indicates a large stratigraphic potential of thePseudotorelliaspecies for the intrabasin and interregional stratigraphy of continental deposits, especially when studying the core material and coals, where the preservation of plant remains usually does not allow describing their morphology. The revision of all known occurrences ofPseudotorellia angustifoliamakes it possible to discuss the place and time of the first appearance of this species and its subsequent distribution in space and time. Apparently, this species appeared in the Early Jurassic of Eastern Siberia (Kansk Basin). In the Middle Jurassic, its range expanded both to the northwest (Tomsk oblast and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), where this species was preserved until the Late Jurassic, and to the east (Irkutsk oblast, Khabarovsk krai (Bureya Basin)), where it survived until the Early Cretaceous.
Crustal Source of Pb and S at the Yubileynoe Porphyry Gold Deposit (Southern Urals, Kazakhstan): High Precision Pb–Pb and δ34S Data
Authors: Chugaev A. V. , Plotinskaya O. Yu. , Dubinina E. O. , Sadasyuk A. S. , Gareev B. I. , Kossova S. A. , Batalin G. A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Yubileinoe large gold deposit, located at the southern end of the Magnitogorsk megazone, is the only known representative of the Au–porphyry systems in the Southern Urals. It is genetically related to granitoids formed in a suprasubduction setting under mature oceanic island arc environment/setting. The obtained isotope (Pb–Pb and δ34S) data indicate the input of mineral-forming components into the Au–porphyry system of the deposit, mainly from granitoid melts, confirming a common source of ore material and ore-bearing granitoids. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of granitoids indicate the leading role in their genesis of the crustal source, which is considered Late Precambrian continental crust.
Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging
Authors: Tomar Ankit Singh , Finger Paul T , Gallie Brenda , Kivelä Tero , Mallipatna Ashwin , Zhang Chengyue , Zhao Junyang , Wilson Matthew , Brennan Rachel , Burges Michala , Kim Jonathan , Berry Jesse L , Jubran Rima , Khetan Vikas , Ganeshan Suganeswari , Yarovoy Andrey , Yarovaya Vera , Kotova Elena , Volodin Denis , Yousef Yacoub , Nummi Kalle , Ushakova Tatiana L , Yugay Olga V , Polyakov Vladimir G , Ramirez-Ortiz Marco Antonio , Esparza-Aguiar Elizabeth , Chantada Guillermo L , Schaiquevich Paula , Fandiño Adriana C , Yam Jason C , Lau Winnie W , Lam Carol P , Sharwood Phillipa , Moorthy Sonia , Long Quah Boon , Essuman Vera Adobea , Renner Lorna A , Semenova Ekaterina , Català-Mora Jaume , Correa Llano Maria , Carreras Elisa 
Published: August 2021

AimTo investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.MethodsMulticentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsClinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06).ConclusionThis international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.
Clinical patterns, recovery time and prolonged impact of COVID-19 illness in international athletes: the UK experience
Authors: Hull James H , Wootten Moses , Moghal Moiz , Heron Neil , Martin Rhodri , Walsted Emil S , Biswas Anita , Loosemore Mike , Elliott Niall , Ranson Craig 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo report COVID-19 illness pattern, symptom duration and time loss in UK elite athletes.MethodsObservational, clinical and database review of athletes with symptomatic COVID-19 illness managed within the UK Sports Institutes. Athletes were classified as confirmed (positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antibody tests) or probable (consistent clinical features) COVID-19. Clinical presentation was characterised by the predominant symptom focus (eg, upper or lower respiratory illness). Time loss was defined as days unavailable for full sport participation and comparison was made with a 2016–2019 respiratory illness dataset from the same surveillance system.ResultsBetween 24 February 2020 and 18 January 2021, 147 athletes (25 Paralympic (17%)) with mean (SD) age 24.7 (5.2) years, 37% female, were diagnosed with COVID-19 (76 probable, 71 confirmed). Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (57%), followed by dry cough (50%) and headache (46%). The median (IQR) symptom duration was 10 (6–17) days but 14% reported symptoms >28 days. Median time loss was 18 (12–30) days, with 27% not fully available >28 days from initial date of infection. This was greater than our historical non-COVID respiratory illness comparator; 6 days, 0–7 days (p<0.001) and 4% unavailable at 28 days. A lower respiratory phenotype (ie, including dyspnoea±chest pain±cough±fever) was present in 18% and associated with a higher relative risk of prolonged symptoms risk ratio 3.0 (95% CI: 1.4 to 6.5) and time loss 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.5).ConclusionsIn this cohort, COVID-19 largely resulted in a mild, self-limiting illness. The presence of lower respiratory tract features was associated with prolonged illness and a delayed return to sport.