bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating species relative abundances from museum records
Authors: Gotelli Nicholas J. , Booher Douglas B. , Urban Mark C. , Ulrich Werner , Suarez Andrew V. , Skelly David K. , Russell David J. , Rowe Rebecca J. , Rothendler Matthew , Rios Nelson , Rehan Sandra M. , Ni George , Moreau Corrie S. , Magurran Anne E. , Jones Faith A. M. , Graves Gary R. , Fiera Cristina , Burkhardt Ulrich , Primack Richard B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Dated, geo‐referenced museum specimens are a rich data source for reconstructing species' distribution and abundance patterns. However, museum records are potentially biased towards over‐representation of rare species, and it is unclear whether museum records can be used to estimate relative abundance in the field.

We assembled 17 coupled field and museum datasets to quantitatively compare relative abundance estimates with the Dirichlet distribution. Collectively, these datasets comprise 73,039 museum records and 1,405,316 field observations of 2,240 species.

Although museum records of rare species overestimated relative abundance by 1‐fold to over 100‐fold (median study = 9.0), the relative abundance of species estimated from museum occurrence records was strongly correlated with relative abundance estimated from standardized field surveys (r2 range of 0.10–0.91, median study = 0.43).

These analyses provide a justification for estimating species relative abundance with carefully curated museum occurrence records, which may allow for the detection of temporal or spatial shifts in the rank ordering of common and rare species.
Male to female ratios in autism spectrum disorders by age, intellectual disability and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Posserud Maj‐Britt , Skretting Solberg Berit , Engeland Anders , Haavik Jan , Klungsøyr Kari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the gender distribution in ASD in adults compared with children and the impact of comorbid intellectual disability (ID) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the male to female ratio (MFR).MethodsWe estimated the MFR and the male prevalence ratio (PR) for ASD in adults and children using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, including all individuals born during 1967–2011. We examined variation with age, comorbid ID and ADHD as defined by diagnoses in the Norwegian Patient Registry during 2008–2015 and/or a dispensed prescription for ADHD medication.ResultsThe sample included 1,701,206 adults and 804,146 children, including 8,995 (0.5%) adults and 8,056 (1.0%) children with ASD, 53,822 (3.2%) adults and 26,967 (3.4%) children with ADHD and 9,178 (0.5%) adults and 5,038 (0.6%) children with ID. The MFR for ASD was 3.67 in children and 2.57 in adults, corresponding to a male PR in ASD of 1.54 (95% CI 1.53–1.56) and 1.41 (1.39–1.24), respectively. Comorbid ID decreased the MFR and the male PR in both adults and children, whereas comorbid ADHD significantly increased the male PR in children. The MFR and the population prevalence of ASD, ADHD and ID decreased from children to younger adults and yet further to older adults.ConclusionWe found a lower MFR and male PR in adults than in children. Findings suggest the strong male predominance seen in childhood/clinical studies of ASD diminishes in adult samples, possibly reflecting the influence of non‐aetiological factors such as later diagnosis in females, diagnostic biases and diagnostic trends.
Scoping review: Language assessment practices for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia and guidelines for clinical practice
Authors: Zupan Barbra , Campbell‐Woods Naomi , Thompson Hannah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionSpeech pathologists play an important role in differentiating language difference from disorder in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. However, speech pathologists report that they lack culturally appropriate resources and feel under‐prepared, which suggests that culturally safe ways of working and available evidence often do not align.ObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to explore how the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are being assessed, the ways in which assessments are being adapted and the context in which results are being interpreted within the published literature. The studies were also evaluated for components of cultural safety using the Cultural Formulation model.DesignA comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was undertaken; hand searching was also conducted. To be eligible for inclusion, studies needed to have been conducted in Australia and include receptive and/or expressive language assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.FindingsCombined, the identified studies included 438 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, though only 419 were independent samples. A total of 352 studies were initially identified, 10 of which were retained for this review. Data extraction included participant characteristics, assessment tools and procedures, reported outcomes and factors related to cultural safety according to the Cultural Formulation model.ConclusionOverall, studies showed that standardised language assessments do not accurately represent the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. If used, they should be used alongside other non‐standardised tasks and/or scoring should be adapted. Considerations for increasing cultural safety when assessing the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are outlined.
Sakha and Alaas: Place Attachment and Cultural Identity in a Time of Climate Change
Authors: Crate Susan Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this article, I explore the relationship of Sakha, horse and cattle pastoralists of northeastern Siberia, and alaas, permafrost ecosystems that Sakha depend on for their subsistence. I show that this relationship is both physical and spiritual. In a time of climate change, alaas are changing due to the thawing permafrost, making them unusable for Sakha people. I argue that we must consider and accommodate the reverberations of such change for a people who are gradually losing a recognizable landscape central to their cultural identity. These questions are highly relevant for anthropologists working with the diversity of cultures challenged by similar “dislocations” from their known places, relevant environments, and core sources of their cultural identities. Such investigations are essential to effective global change research, revealing how engaging all relevant knowledge systems counters the hegemony of scientific knowledge and moves toward more equitable and just adaptation responses and policy prescriptions.
Can cooperatives/employee‐owned businesses improve ‘bad’ jobs? Evaluating job quality in three low‐paid sectors
Authors: Jenkins Sarah , Chivers Wil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJob quality has received increased attention from academics and policy makers across industrialized countries. Yet, there has been limited assessment of how job quality is impacted by different organizational forms, including cooperatives and employee‐owned businesses (EOBs). Although there has been growing interest in how cooperatives/EOBs impact on employee outcomes, comprehensive assessments of the range and reasons for varied employee outcomes in these settings are underdeveloped. To address these lacunae, this study examines whether cooperatives and EOBs can improve ‘bad’ jobs by examining three in‐depth qualitative case studies of different types of cooperatives/EOBs forms located in low‐paid sectors of the economy in Wales: social care, transport and manufacturing. In so doing, we seek to contribute to recent academic assessments of employee outcomes to explore whether job quality is influenced by different organizational forms, including cooperatives and EOBs. We extend existing discussions relating to salient explanations for job quality by developing a contextualized assessment to examine the extent to which workplace actors can improve ‘bad’ jobs.
SAR study of small molecule inhibitors of the programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 interaction
Authors: Kawashita Seiji , Aoyagi Koichi , Fukushima Kyoko , Hantani Rie , Naruoka Shiori , Tanimoto Atsuo , Hori Yuji , Toyonaga Yukiyo , Yamanaka Hiroshi , Miyazaki Susumu , Hantani Yoshiji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of small molecule inhibitors of programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) has drawn research interest for the treatment of cancer. Recently, we reported the discovery of a novel dimeric core small molecule PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor. In an effort to discover more potent inhibitors, we further explored the dimeric core scaffold. Our investigations of the structure‐activity‐relationship revealed that introduction of lipophilic substituents onto one of the di‐alkoxylated phenyl rings improved binding affinities to PD‐L1, and inhibitory activities of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in cellular assays. Furthermore, conversion of the ether linker part to an olefin linker not only improved binding affinity but also led to slow dissociation binding kinetics. We also explored more potent, as well as downsized, scaffolds. Compounds bearing a linear chain in place of one of the di‐alkoxylated phenyl rings exhibited good binding affinity with improved ligand efficiency (LE). Representative compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory activities of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in the submicromolar range in cellular assays as well as cellular function in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay with efficacy comparable to anti‐PD‐1 antibody. Our results provide applicable information for the design of more potent inhibitors targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway.
Do postoperative antibiotics influence one‐year peri‐implant crestal bone remodelling and morbidity? A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Durand Robert , Kersheh Issam , Marcotte Stéphanie , Boudrias Pierre , Schmittbuhl Matthieu , Cresson Thierry , Rei Nathalie , Rompré Pierre H. , Voyer René 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess whether giving postoperative antibiotics to healthy patients after straightforward platform‐switched implant placement would influence peri‐implant crestal bone levels and postoperative morbidity after 1 year.MethodsThirty‐eight healthy individuals were recruited in this pilot, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. The intervention group (n = 18) received two grams of amoxicillin one hour before implant placement followed by a 7 days postoperative regimen (500 mg tid). The control group (n = 20) took the same preoperative dose of amoxicillin and an identical placebo postoperatively. Mesial and distal peri‐implant crestal bone levels were measured at baseline, four months and one year later with standardized periapical radiographs. Postoperative pain severity was assessed through self‐administered questionnaires for 7 days. Surgery‐associated morbidities were evaluated after one, three, 16 weeks and 1 year. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used.ResultsThirty‐seven participants completed the trial. At the one‐year follow‐up, the mean combined peri‐implant crestal bone changes for the intervention (n = 18) and control (n = 19) groups were ‐ 0.44 ± 0.41 mm and ‐ 0.27 ± 0.56 mm, respectively. The difference between the groups (intervention–control) for mean combined crestal bone level changes was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in surgery‐associated morbidities between the intervention and control groups. The one‐year implant survival rate was 100% in both groups.ConclusionsStudy results suggest that a routine postoperative antibiotic regimen for healthy patients undergoing straightforward platform‐switched implant placement might not be necessary to prevent postoperative peri‐implant bone loss and complications.
Comparing outcomes in right versus left kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carolan Caitlin , Tingle Samuel J. , Thompson Emily R. , Sen Gourab , Wilson Colin H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransplantation of right kidneys can pose technical challenges due to the short right renal vein. Whether this results in inferior outcomes remains controversial.MethodHealthcare Database Advanced Search (HDAS) was used to identify relevant studies. Two authors independently reviewed each study. Statistical analyses were performed using random effects models and results expressed as HR or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses were performed in kidneys from deceased donors (DD) and living donors (LD).ResultsA total of 35 studies (257,429 participants) were identified. Both deceased and living donor right kidneys were at increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF; RR = 1.12[1.06‐1.18] and RR = 1.33[1.21‐1.46] respectively; both p < .0001). In absolute terms, for each 100 kidney pairs of DD kidneys transplanted there are 2.72 (1.67‐3.78, p < .00001) excess episodes of DGF in right kidneys. Graft thromboses and graft loss due to technical failure was also significantly more likely in right kidneys, in both DD and LD settings. There was no evidence that laterality alters long term graft survival in LD or DD.ConclusionRight kidneys have inferior early outcomes, with higher rates of DGF, technical failure and graft thrombosis. However, these differences are small in absolute terms, and long‐term graft survival is equivalent.
The governance of Syrian refugees in the Middle East: Lessons from the Jordan and Lebanon Compacts
Authors: Bank André , Fröhlich Christiane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFleeing war, repression, and economic breakdown in their home country, Syrians have become the largest group of refugees in the Middle East. Relative to their own populations, neighboring Jordan and Lebanon have hosted the most Syrians per capita. While both are small, middle‐income, and resource‐poor countries, the perception of their respective governance of Syrian refugees has been diametrically different: While the 2016 Jordan Compact has been hailed as a success story of innovative refugee governance, the Lebanon Compact has never achieved similar recognition. Instead, Lebanon has been criticized for applying a largely laissez‐faire, non‐policy approach to the Syrian crisis. The main objective of this short intervention is to evaluate both compacts 5 years after their signing and to outline a more reflective potential EU policy approach.
A Handbook on Weaving and Unraveling: Reading Emile and The Solitaries to Care for the Teacher Self
Authors: Furman Cara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo be a teacher requires that one can weave and unravel pedagogy, drawing on previous understandings while constantly revising them in response to particular classroom circumstances. To do so is important, difficult, and frightening. Teachers therefore need experiences to help them prepare mentally for this work. In this essay Cara Furman argues that Jean‐Jacques Rousseau's pedagogical texts Emile, or, On Education and its sequel Emile and Sophie, or, The Solitaries can serve as a handbooks on this process, providing an educative experience in weaving and unraveling for teachers.
Co‐producing to understand what matters to young people living in youth residential rehabilitation services
Authors: Ennals Priscilla , Lessing Kate , Spies Rebecca , Egan Rebecca , Hemus Philippa , Droppert Kathryn , Tidhar Michael , Wood Tom , van Dijk Carolien , Bride Rachael , Asche Alison , Bendall Sarah , Simmons Magenta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimResidential group care is an important service for vulnerable young people experiencing mental health, substance abuse and/or behavioural challenges. Yet little is written about specific models and their outcomes, especially from the perspectives of the young people who use these services. This project aimed to explore what matters to young people living in a 12‐month voluntary residential program for young people aged 16–25.MethodsThis participatory action research study was co‐produced with Youth Residential Rehabilitation Service residents and staff as co‐researchers. A steering group comprising residents, staff and researchers oversaw all research stages. 18 young people and 17 staff members participated in either individual or group interviews to discuss what was important in Youth Residential Rehabilitation Services. Data analysis drew on grounded theory techniques; subsequent codes and themes were refined in the steering group.ResultsWe identified the 'change work' that young people were expected to do, and the milieu factors that created a supportive environment. As young people were figuring out their directions and learning new skills, they needed to be understood as the developing expert of their own lives. Real relationships with staff and other young people created a culture of belonging, safety and feeling known. These findings are metaphorically captured in the image of an egg.ConclusionsOur study highlights that real relationships between all Youth Residential Rehabilitation Service community members are central to creating the atmosphere of safety and belonging that enables healing and self‐development to occur.
White Fathers' Concerns for Their Biological Black and White Biracial Sons
Authors: Durrant Lorna , Gillum Nerissa LeBlanc 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis research examines the concerns of White fathers for their biological Black and White biracial sons.BackgroundThe father–son relationship may be more challenging for White fathers who do not share the same race as their sons because of the different lived experiences their sons are likely to encounter. This may lead to several concerns for White fathers.MethodUtilizing a phenomenological approach, 10 in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of White fathers of Black and White biracial sons. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsThe results revealed two concerns that White fathers had for their sons: (a) safety concerns when interacting with law enforcement and (b) fear of discrimination. Both themes identified are concerns felt by the fathers for their sons.ConclusionBy understanding the concerns that White fathers have for their biracial sons, family professionals can work with families to help them overcome these concerns and strengthen the family unit.ImplicationsThere can be social support groups created for White fathers of Black biracial sons, police departments can implement ongoing implicit bias training with police officers, and family life professionals can encourage and teach parents developmentally appropriate strategies for talking with children about discrimination.
Chemsex practice in France: An update in Addictovigilance data
Authors: Batisse Anne , Eiden Céline , Deheul Sylvie , Monzon Emilie , Djezzar Samira , Peyrière Hélène 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplications related to Chemsex practice (consumption of psychoactive substances in sexual context) were first assessed by the French Addictovigilance Network in 2014. In response to the deaths reported in 2016, a new expert report was commissioned to update the complications and evolution of Chemsex‐related practices in France.MethodsBetween January 2008 and August 2017, all Chemsex cases collected through the French Addictovigilance Network's epidemiological tools were analyzed. Comparison of data between two periods (before and after 2014) was performed to assess the evolution of practices.ResultsOver the entire survey period, 235 Chemsex cases were identified, all of them in men, with a mean ± SD age of 39 ± 11 years, including 24 deaths (10.2%). An increase in the number of reported cases was observed from one in 2008 to 50 in the first 8 months of 2017. The main medical histories include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 45%) and hepatitis C (20%) infections, and substance use disorders (36%). In those 235 cases, 345 psychoactive substances were identified, mainly cathinones. Polydrug use was reported in 75% of cases. The main complications were substance use disorders (63%), acute neurological or cardiovascular intoxications (50%), various psychiatric disorders (39%), and viral and bacterial infections (18%). γ‐Butyrolactone (GBL) was present in 95% of comas. An increase in the number of deaths was observed during the survey period.ConclusionThe French Addictovigilance Network, via this pharmacoepidemiological surveillance, warns public health authorities in order to support harm reduction programs and the management of Chemsexers.
Anthropogenic climate change has altered lake state in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA)
Authors: Streib Laura C. , Stone Jeffery R. , Lyon Eva C. , Quang Hung H. , Yeager Kevin M. , Zimmerman Susan R. H. , McGlue Michael M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimatic changes threaten freshwater resources and aquatic ecosystem health in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA), which has important consequences for millions of people and the world's fifth largest economy. However, the timing and magnitude of ecological changes driven by hydroclimate oscillations remain poorly understood in California's headwater region. Here, we develop a precisely dated, annually to decadally resolved lake sediment record of ecological change from the eastern Sierra Nevada that spans the last three millennia. Diatom paleoecology reveals a detailed history of abrupt limnologic transitions, best explained by modifications in water column stratification, mixing, and nutrient status in response to changing seasonality. Seasonally stratified conditions were registered during the Late Holocene Dry Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, illustrating the sensitivity of fossil diatoms to well‐known periods of drought. Yet the most striking feature of the record is the uniqueness of ~1840–2016 CE: a period of singularly strong water column stratification, increased algal diversity, and reduced diatom productivity consistent with unprecedented “hot droughts.” The data demonstrate that hot–dry conditions of the Industrial Era altered lake state to conditions unseen in the past ~3180 years, and suggest that regional trends identified by historical monitoring began far earlier than previously recognized. Our record illustrates the profound influence of anthropogenic climate warming on high‐elevation lakes and the ecosystem services they provide in the Sierra Nevada, which hold implications for water quality and availability in California.