bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary energy levels on Pectoralis major mixed muscle protein turnover and body composition in two broiler lines housed in different grow‐out environments
Authors: Maharjan Pramir , Mullenix Garret , Hilton Katie , Weil Jordan , Beitia Antonio , Caldas Justina , Haro Victor Daniel Naranjo , Coon Craig 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study determined the Pectoralis (P) major mixed muscle protein turnover (PT) in two meat broiler lines, Line A and Line B, during the finishing grow‐out feeding period (21–42 days) as affected by the dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels and ambient temperatures. Experimental finishing diets consisted of 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% ME of recommended nutrient guidelines for energy level. Fractional synthesis rates (FSR) or fractional degradation rates (FDR) were measured in P. major at day 36 and 42. Protein and fat mass gain were measured, and respective energy retention efficiencies as protein and fat (EREp and EREf) were determined. Metabolic heat production (HP) was also reported. Experimental feeding studies were conducted in cool season (24 hr mean: 69.91˚F and 63.98% RH) and in hot season (24 hr mean: 77.55˚F and 86.04% RH). Results showed that FSR or FDR values were not affected by dietary ME levels at day 36, whereas reduced FSR (p < .05) were observed at day 42 fed diets with reduced ME levels (≤100% ME) which could have resulted from greater maintenance energy requirement of maturing broilers at that age. Broilers fed reduced ME diets (≤100% ME) maintained protein mass (equivalent to broilers fed ≥100%–120% ME) by reduced FDR and increased feed intake. Grow‐out ambient temperature did not affect FSR or FDR values across ME levels. Line B retained higher protein mass, lower fat mass and greater HP compared to Line A. This was followed by higher feed intake in Line B. Further, Line B exhibited higher EREp and lower EREf across dietary ME levels. In summary, PT homeostasis and body composition changes in broiler lines studied seemed to be regulated by the birds’ intent to normalize energy intake as per physiological need by controlling feed intake.
Dynamic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma prediction models in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving nucleotide/nucleoside analogue treatment
Authors: Kirino Sakura , Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Inada Kento , Yamashita Koji , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Hayakawa Yuka , Osawa Leona , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Izumi Namiki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarcinogenesis risk scores for chronic hepatitis B have been proposed, but it remains unclear whether these scores during nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy are useful for risk assessment. In this study, we examined changes of these scores and the predictability during NA treatment. 432 patients with no history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with NA were enrolled. PAGE‐B, modified PAGE‐B (mPAGE‐B), and REACH‐B scores were calculated at NA administration, 1 and 2 years after administration. The median follow‐up duration was 5.1 years, during which 37 patients (8.6%) developed HCC. Cumulative incidence HCC development in patients with high risk of PAGE at NA administration, and 1 and 2 years after NA administration was significantly higher than those with intermediate and low‐risk groups (p < .05 for all time points), whereas HCC incidence in patients with high risk of mPAGE‐B and REACH‐B at 2 years after NA administration were equivalent to those with intermediate and low‐risk groups (p = .2 for mPAGE‐B, and p = .1 for REACH‐B). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for HCC development of PAGE‐B at NA administration, and 1 and 2 years after administration were 0.773, 0.803 and 0.737, respectively. The AUROCs of PAGE‐B at each point were continuously higher than those of REACH‐B (0.646, 0.725, and 0.653, respectively) and mPAGE‐B (0.754, 0.734, and 0.678, respectively).PAGE‐B score has a high diagnostic accuracy for HCC development at any time point during NA treatment, indicating its potential use as a real‐time monitor of HCC development.
Adiponectin affects estimated glomerular filtration rate: A two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Bai Yulan , Chen Zefeng , Wen Zheng , Long Xinyang , Mo Zengnan , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe causal relationship between adiponectin (ADPN) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is unclear. This study adopts a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal relationship between ADPN and eGFR.MethodsUsing eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ADPN and 26 SNP of eGFR as instrumental variables, the study performs a two‐sample bidirectional MR study using MR inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger and weighted median approach to evaluate the causal relationship between ADPN and eGFR. Using the genetic risk score (GRS) of ADPN and eGFR as instrumental variables, the study performs a second MR analysis to assess the association between ADPN and eGFR.ResultsIn ADPN to eGFR MR analysis, the IVW, weighted median and GRS analysis all showed that ADPN had a causal effect on eGFR after removing potential confounders of the ADPN‐eGFR relation (IVW: β = .016, P = .002; weighted median: β = .012, P = .022; GRS: β = .016, P = 1.48E‐05). As both ADPN and eGFR were natural log‐transformed in the corresponding GWAS, eGFR increased by 0.15% for any 10% increase in ADPN. In eGFR to ADPN MR analysis, eGFR had no causal effect on ADPN after removing potential confounders of the eGFR‐ADPN relation (All P values > 0.05). The heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis indicated some heterogeneity, but no directional pleiotropy.ConclusionAdiponectin has a causal effect on eGFR, while eGFR has no causal effect on ADPN. ADPN may be a clinical target for improving eGFR and treating chronic kidney disease caused by decreased eGFR.
A psychosocial intervention for individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease: A feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jenkins Zoe M. , Tan Eric J. , O'Flaherty Emmet , Knowles Simon , Thompson David R. , Ski Chantal F. , Rossell Susan L. , Coco Carolee , Ierino Francesco L. , Gock Hilton , Castle David J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe current study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a psychosocial intervention, the Kidney Optimal Health Program, in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease.MethodsPatients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease were randomized to either a nine‐session psychosocial intervention programme or usual care. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment and retention rates and programme acceptability. Participants completed assessments of depression, anxiety and psychosocial health at baseline and at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to compare groups on outcomes over time.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight patients were screened for eligibility; 84 consented to participant and were randomized to receive the intervention (N = 42) or usual care (N = 42). 27 (32.1%) participants withdrew prior to baseline assessment. Of those who completed the baseline assessment (N = 57), trial retention was high (75.4% at 3‐month, 80.7% at 6‐month and 70.2% at 12‐month follow‐up). Participants reported high levels of programme acceptability. The patients who completed the intervention (N = 17) demonstrated significantly decreased depression at 12‐month follow‐up compared to the usual care group (N = 13).ConclusionThe results support the feasibility of the Kidney Optimal Health Program intervention in recruitment, retention and programme acceptability with an improved screening protocol. Preliminary support is provided for improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Further investigation through a fully powered randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Significant association of urinary alpha‐1‐microglobulin compared to urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin with renal insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Guangming , Shan Xiaoyun , Wang Huabin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimVarious studies have reported that urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), an indicator of tubular damage, may be an effective biomarker of renal impairment in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to compare the ability of urinary alpha‐1‐microglobulin (a traditional tubular damage marker) with NGAL for evaluating renal insufficiency in patients with type‐2 diabetes.MethodsUrinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to determine whether 513 participants with type‐2 diabetes had renal dysfunction. Urinary alpha‐1‐microglobulin‐to‐creatinine ratio (A1MCR) and NGAL‐to‐creatinine ratio (NCR) were calculated.ResultsAlthough both A1MCR and NCR were significantly higher among participants with renal insufficiency than among participants without renal damage, the difference in A1MCR values between participants with and without renal insufficiency was relatively greater than the difference in NCR values, especially among the male subjects. The correlation of ACR or eGFR with A1MCR was stronger than that of ACR or eGFR with NCR. A1MCR showed a good capability for detecting renal dysfunction (area under the curve = 0.80), its cut‐off value was 14.82 mg/g, corresponding to 71.4% sensitivity and 73.1% specificity. The diagnostic efficiency of A1MCR was significantly higher than that of NCR.ConclusionThe results indicated that the traditional tubular damage marker A1MCR was more significantly associated with renal insufficiency defined by ACR and/or eGFR and may have a higher diagnostic efficiency compared with the efficiency of NCR in patients with type‐2 diabetes.
Electroacupuncture accelerates the delayed intestinal transit in POI by suppressing M1 like muscularis macrophages and IL6 secretion
Authors: Song Shuangning , An Jing , Liu Shi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectroacupuncture (EA) at ST‐36 could accelerate the delayed gastrointestinal (GI) motility in many GI motility dysfunction models, but the definite effect and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we intended to investigate the effects of EA on intestinal manipulation (IM) mice model and involved mechanisms.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups: normal control, intestinal manipulation (IM), IM with sham EA (SEA), IM with high‐frequency EA (HEA), and IM with low‐frequency EA (LEA). The GI transit was evaluated. The infiltration of muscularis macrophages (MMφ) and its phenotype were analyzed with flow cytometry. Magnetic‐activated cell sorting was applied to isolate MMφ, and the relationship between the MMφ and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) was further investigated.Results(1) Compared with the IM group, HEA and LEA attenuated the delayed intestinal transit. (2) Both the HEA and LEA obviously reduced the MMφ and suppressed the M1 activation of the MMφ in the ileum. (3) EA restored the disrupted ICC networks through inhibiting the release of IL6 by the MMφ.Conclusion(1) Electroacupuncture at acupoint ST‐36 could accelerate the delayed intestinal transit in the IM murine model by restoring the ICC networks. (2) EA protected the ICCs through reducing the MMφ, inhibiting its M1 polarization and its IL6 secretion.
An assessment of perioperative respiratory adverse events and difficult intubation in pediatric patients with Trisomy 21
Authors: Graber Taylor J. , Baskin Paola Lopomo , Soria Claire , Greenberg Mark , Gabriel Rodney A. , Brzenski Alyssa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral prior studies have demonstrated an association between trisomy 21 and airway‐related anesthetic complications. However, there is a paucity of large clinical studies characterizing the airway challenges associated with trisomy 21. In this analysis, we examine anesthetic‐related airway complications in children with trisomy 21 and compare our findings to well‐matched controls.MethodsA chart review of all general anesthetics occurring between 2011 and 2017 at a single pediatric hospital was performed. Children with trisomy 21 were identified. Matched controls were created using a 1:1 propensity score and controlling for patient sex, patient age, surgical specialty, airway management, and anesthetic induction technique. The primary outcomes were the numbers of difficult intubations and perioperative respiratory adverse events. Secondary outcomes included the number of intubation attempts and the Cormack‐Lehane grade in each cohort.Results/Data analysisA total of 2702 anesthetic records were reviewed. Propensity score matching resulted in adequately matched control groups as indicated by a standard mean difference below 0.2 in each case. Logistic regression analysis between trisomy 21 patients and matched controls demonstrated that the trisomy 21 cohort had a higher incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.34–3.09, p = .0008) due largely to a higher incidence of airway obstruction (1.7% vs. 0.2%, p = .0005). The trisomy 21 group had a lower rate of difficult intubation (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.91, p = .034). There was no association between trisomy 21 and the number of intubation attempts (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88–1.13, p = .92) or Cormack‐Lehane grade (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87–1.05, p = .35).DiscussionThe trisomy 21 cohort had an increased incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events compared to matched controls, largely secondary to a higher rate of obstructed ventilation, but without statistically different rates of laryngospasm, bronchospasm, postextubation stridor, or other desaturation events. Our trisomy 21 cohort had a decreased incidence of difficult intubation. There was no association between trisomy 21 and number of attempts required to successfully place an endotracheal tube or a less favorable CL grade.ConclusionsCompared to matched controls, children with trisomy 21 have a lower incidence of difficult intubation and a higher incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events, largely due to increased rate of airway obstruction.
Nevus comedonicus syndrome: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Torchia Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNevus comedonicus (NC) syndrome is a condition first identified in 1978. The cause of NC syndrome has been recently proven to be a gain‐of‐function, mosaic postzygotic mutation of the NEK9 gene. A systematic review of the literature retrieved 43 well‐established cases of NC syndrome reported so far. Three morphological variants of NC in NC syndrome emerged: (a) the more common, predominantly comedonal type; (b) “Selhorst type”; and (c) “atrophoderma vermiculatum” type. NC syndrome is mainly associated with ocular, skeletal, and neural abnormalities, most typically ipsilateral congenital cataract and malformations of fingers and toes.
Establishment of monoclonal antibodies to evaluate the cellular immunity in a hamster model of L infantum infection
Authors: Carvalho Lívia Mendes , de Brito Rory Cristiane Fortes , Gusmão Miriã Rodrigues , de Oliveira Aguiar‐Soares Rodrigo Dian , Reis Alexandre Barbosa , Roatt Bruno Mendes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSyrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are largely used as a model for infectious diseases because it is very susceptible to several pathogens, including Leishmania spp. parasites. However, the research community faces limitations in its use due to the lack of immunological reagents and tools to study the immune system in this model. In this context, we proposed the validation of some important commercially anti‐mouse mAbs (CD4, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐10) and how this could be useful to evaluate a specific cellular immune response in Leishmania‐infected hamster using flow cytometry experiments. Our data demonstrated a cross‐reactivity between these anti‐mouse mAbs and hamster molecules that were herein studied. Beyond that, it was able to characterize the development of a specific cellular immune response through cytokine production in L infantum‐infected hamsters when compared to uninfected ones. These data not only aid the usage of hamsters as experimental model to investigate various infectious diseases, but they contribute to the design of novel approaches to further investigate the immunological mechanisms associated to pathogen infections.
Progress in grafting watermelon to manage Verticillium wilt
Authors: Devi Pinki , Tymon Lydia , Keinath Anthony , Miles Carol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVegetable grafting for disease management was first used successfully when watermelon grafted onto a Cucurbita moschata rootstock overcame Fusarium wilt. Interspecific grafting has since been used effectively to mitigate several soilborne pathogens in a variety of solanaceous and cucurbitaceous cropping systems. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a significant disease in watermelon crops and is difficult to manage. Current management practices, including crop rotation, soil fumigation, and host resistance, are insufficient due to the ability of microsclerotia to persist in absence of a host, lack of efficacy of soil fumigants, and limited availability of resistant cultivars. Watermelon grafted onto commercial cucurbit rootstocks have increased tolerance to Verticillium wilt, although no cucurbit rootstocks are known to be completely resistant. Verticillium wilt incidence decreased on grafted plants grown in artificially and naturally infested soils, while scion health and growth as well as rootstock root mass and vigour increased. Commonly used rootstocks are Lagenaria siceraria, C. moschata, and C. maxima × C. moschata; of these, only C. maxima × C. moschata ‘Tetsukabuto’ reduced severity of Verticillium wilt across several scion cultivars, locations, years, and soil densities of V. dahliae. Although studies on Verticillium wilt resistance of grafted watermelon are few, their combined results suggest the threshold of V. dahliae soil density for watermelon may be around 5–12 cfu/g. This review summarizes available information on Verticillium wilt of watermelon and effects of different rootstock × scion combinations, assisting growers and breeding programmes in decisions to adopt watermelon grafting for management of Verticillium wilt.
Dual function of VvWRKY18 transcription factor in the β‐aminobutyric acid‐activated priming defense in grapes
Authors: Wang Kaituo , Li Chunhong , Lei Changyi , Zou Yanyu , Li Yanjie , Zheng Yonghua , Fang Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInduction of phytoalexin production after invading pathogens is recognized as an essential aspect of the plant‐induced resistance. The WRKY family includes plant‐specific transcriptional factors associated with plant defense responses, but the comprehensive mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we attempted to elaborate the regulatory function of VvWRKY18 from the group IIa of WRKY transcription factor (TF) from Vitis vinifera, in the regulation of β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA)‐activated stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis and PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED (PR) genes expressions in grapes. BABA at 10 mmol L−1 triggered a priming protection in grapes and conferred a potentiation of the expression levels of VvWRKY18, VvNPR1, and several salicylic acid (SA)‐responsive genes, which was accompanied by enhanced stilbene production upon Botrytis cinerea infection. In addition, a physical interaction between VvWRKY18 and the regulatory protein VvNPR1 was detected in vivo and in vitro by yeast‐2‐hybrid (Y2H), pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation assay (Co‐IP) assays. Furthermore, yeast‐1‐hybrid (Y1H) and dual‐luciferase reporter (DLR) assays indicated that VvWRKY18 activated the transcription of STILBENE SYNTHASE (STS) genes, including VvSTS1 and VvSTS2, by directly binding the W‐box elements within the specific promoters and resultantly enhancing stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis. Further investigation demonstrated that heterologous expression of VvWRKY18 elevated the transcriptions of STS and PR genes, thus contributing to potentiating the defense of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants and resultantly inhibiting B. cinerea invasion. Hence, VvWRKY18 serves as a singular effector involved in the synthesis of stilbene phytoalexins in grapes and its interaction with VvNPR1 provided DNA binding ability required for VvNPR1 to initiate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) defense.
Responding to Policy Signals? An Experimental Study on Information about Policy Adoption and Data Retention Policy Support in Germany
Authors: Trüdinger Eva‐Maria , Hildebrandt Achim , Jäckle Sebastian , Löser Jonas 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe analyze whether and how individuals react to information about the adoption of a particular policy, with a focus on the role of conservatism.MethodsWe conducted an online survey experiment on support for data retention in Germany. A recent law on this issue allowed us to test the effects of two policy signals, information about the adoption of a new law (law signal) and information that this followed a Constitutional Court decision (law and court signal), on separate groups of respondents.ResultsOur results show a positive effect of each policy signal on support for data retention. The effect of the law signal was even slightly stronger for individuals with conservative beliefs.ConclusionIllustrating how lock‐in effects of policies can work, our study contributes to research on attitudinal policy feedback: creating new legislation also means legitimizing the policy position in question and stating that this norm should be accepted.
Diverse cataclysmic floods from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula
Authors: Denlinger Roger P. , George David L. , Cannon Charles M. , O’Connor Jim E. , Waitt Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In late Wisconsin time, the Purcell Trench lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet dammed the Clark Fork of the Columbia River in western Montana, creating glacial Lake Missoula. During part of this epoch, the Okanogan lobe also dammed the Columbia River downstream, creating glacial Lake Columbia in northeast Washington. Repeated failure of the Purcell Trench ice dam released glacial Lake Missoula, causing dozens of catastrophic floods in eastern Washington that can be distinguished by the geologic record they left behind. These floods removed tens of meters of pale loess from dark basalt substrate, forming scars along flowpaths visible from space.
Different positions of the Okanogan lobe are required for modeled Missoula floods to inundate the diverse channels that show field evidence for flooding, as shown by accurate dam-break flood modeling using a roughly 185 m digital terrain model of existing topography (with control points dynamically varied using automatic mesh refinement). The maximum extent of the Okanogan lobe, which blocked inundation of the upper Grand Coulee and the Columbia River valley, is required to flood all channels in the Telford scablands and to produce highest flood stages in Pasco Basin. Alternatively, the Columbia River valley must have been open and the upper Grand Coulee blocked to nearly match evidence for high water on Pangborn bar near Wenatchee, Washington, and to flood Quincy Basin from the west. Finally, if the Columbia River valley and upper Grand Coulee were both open, Quincy Basin would have flooded from the northeast.
In all these scenarios, the discrepancy between modeled flood stages and field evidence for maximum flood stages increases in all channels downstream, from Spokane to Umatilla Basin. The pattern of discrepancies indicates that bulking of floods by loess increased flow volume across the scablands, but this alone does not explain low ­modeled flow stages along the Columbia River valley near Wenatchee. This latter discrepancy between modeled flood stages and field data requires either additional bulking of flow by sediment along the Columbia reach downstream of glacial Lake Columbia, or coincident dam failures of glacial Lake Columbia and glacial Lake Missoula.