bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonstandard Employment, Gender, and Subjective Well‐Being in Japan
Authors: Wang Jia , Raymo James M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how relationships between nonstandard employment (NSE) and subjective well‐being (SWB) differ by gender in Japan, paying particular attention to employees' motivation for engaging in NSE, their marital status, and their spouses' employment status.BackgroundThe expansion of nonstandard work is a gendered phenomenon that has contributed to increasing economic uncertainty and insecurity and may have differential implications for the SWB of men and women. Japan's rapid increase in nonstandard work, rigid labor market, and strong gender norms provide a valuable context in which to investigate the interrelationships between NSE, gender, and SWB.MethodFixed effects regression models with data from the Keio Household Panel Survey, a panel survey of a nationally representative sample of men and women, were used.ResultsInvoluntary nonstandard work was associated, on average, with significantly lower SWB for both men and women. This pattern was held for men, regardless of marital status, whereas it was observed for unmarried women, but not for married women. Within married couples, no significant relationships between spouses' involuntary nonstandard work and respondents' own SWB were found.ConclusionThe expansion of NSE in Japan has negative consequences for individuals' subjective life evaluation, except for married women, who shoulder domestic responsibilities and thereby types of employment may be less salient to SWB.
Failure Risk of Short Dental Implants Under Immediate Loading: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Hao , Shi Quan , Huang Yang , Chang Ping , Huo Na , Jiang Yi , Wang Juncheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeCurrently, there is no clear clinical evidence that short implants are suitable for immediate loading. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to evaluate whether immediate loading increases the failure risk of short dental implants.Materials and MethodsThis meta‐analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42020195890). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect all clinical studies comparing the failure rates of short dental implants (<10 mm) and standard implants (≥10 mm) under the condition of immediate loading and studies comparing the failure rates of short dental implants under immediate loading versus early or delayed loading. All of the clinical studies with available relevant data were eligible for inclusion. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was adopted to evaluate the risk of bias for the randomized controlled trial (RCT), while Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used for the observational studies (OS). The OR value of each included study and its 95% CI were pooled to estimate the failure risk of short dental implants under immediate loading. The heterogeneity among studies was evaluated through Cochran's Q test and I2.ResultsSeventeen studies, 5 RCTs and 12 OS studies, with a total of 2461 dental implants were analyzed. Four of the RCT studies were of low risk of bias and one was of unclear risk, while all of the OS studies were of moderate or high quality. Compared with standard implants, short implants did not have an increased failure risk under immediate loading (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.67‐2.84, p = 0.997, fixed model). In addition, the OR value of implant failure for short implants under immediate loading compared to that for short implants under early or delayed loading was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.33‐4.55, p = 0.104, random model), which was also not significantly different.ConclusionsThere is not enough evidence to show that short dental implants under immediate loading may have higher implant failure risk compared to standard implants under immediate loading and short implants under early or delayed loading. Therefore, an immediate loading protocol may not increase the failure risk of short dental implants.
Was Banfield right? New insights from a nationwide laboratory experiment
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Conzo Pierluigi , Mattioli Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the pioneering study by Banfield, the North‐South gap in Italian social capital has been considered by international scholars as an example of how cultural diversity within a country can generate different developmental outcomes. Most studies, however, suffer from limited external validity and measurement error. This paper exploits a new and representative online lab‐experiment to assess social‐capital patterns in Italy. Unlike previous experiments, we do not inform participants about the geographic origins of their counterparts. This feature allows us to assess the North‐South gap in universal, as opposed to parochial, behavior. Results suggest that Southerners and Northerners do not systematically differ in generalized prosocial preferences. Only trustworthiness is higher among. Northerners, while they are statistically similar to Southerners in many other economic preferences such as cooperation, trust, expected trustworthiness, altruism, and risk tolerance. We also show that the gap in trustworthiness stems from the lower reciprocity of Southerners in response to large transfers, and it is characterized by the intergenerational transmission of norms. Possible policy implications are discussed.
Staff awareness and bundling reduce skin breaks and blood tests in neonatal intensive care
Authors: Zhou Lindsay , Taylor Jacqueline , Kidman Anna , Stewart Alice , Bhatia Risha 
Published: May 2021

AimSkin breaks (SBs) for procedures and blood sampling are common in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), contributing to pain, infection risk and anaemia. We aimed to document their prevalence, identify areas for improvement and, through staff awareness, reduce their frequency.MethodsQuality improvement project via prospective audit at a tertiary‐level NICU in Australia was conducted. All infants admitted to the NICU for >24 h during two audit periods were included in the study. A specifically designed bedside audit tool was used to prospectively document all SB and blood tests performed on infants during a 4‐week audit period (audit 1). Results were reviewed to identify areas for improvement, and disseminated to staff at unit meetings, shift handover and email. Following education and awareness, the audit was repeated (audit 2), and data were compared. Frequency of SB and blood tests performed was measured. Data were tested for normality and analysed using parametric or non‐parametric tests where appropriate.ResultsThere were 52 NICU admissions during each audit period (104 total), with 34 (65%) and 31 (60%) having audit sheets completed, respectively. Median (interquartile range) gestational age and mean (standard deviation) birthweight were 29 (26.3–35) weeks and 1836 (1185) g for audit 1, 30 (28.5–31.5) weeks and 1523 (913) g for audit 2. The reduction in total blood tests (mean) was 36.3%, skin breaks per admitted baby day reduced by 60% and total blood volume sampled (mean) by 37.7%.ConclusionsA quality improvement project by prospective audit and staff education was associated with reductions in frequency of skin breaks and blood tests in the NICU.
Niche properties constrain occupancy but not abundance patterns of native and alien woody species across Hawaiian forests
Authors: Craven Dylan , Weigelt Patrick , Wolkis Dustin , Kreft Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuestionsIslands harbour a disproportionate amount of global plant diversity, yet their unique native assemblages are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. It is therefore critical to identify the macroecological constraints that mediate spatial distributions of alien species on islands. Here, we examined abundance–occupancy relationships of native and alien woody plant species, and the role of niche properties and functional traits related to dispersal and competition in shaping occupancy and abundance patterns.LocationHawaiian Islands.MethodsWe calculated relative abundance and occupancy for 64 woody species (42 natives, 22 naturalized aliens), and estimated each species' niche breadth and position. We fitted phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate abundance–occupancy relationships and the impacts of niche properties and functional traits on occupancy and abundance of native and alien species.ResultsOur analyses revealed that locally more abundant native species were also more widespread, but that the abundance of alien species was unrelated to their occupancy. Yet, we found evidence that alien species with longer residence times on the Hawaiian Islands were more widespread. While widespread native and alien woody species both had broad niches, widespread alien woody species exhibited a tendency to occur in more marginal niche positions than widespread native woody species. Niche properties did not affect abundances of either native or alien woody species. Traits associated with dispersal capacity and competitive ability had minimal impacts on either occupancy or abundance of native and alien woody species.ConclusionsWe found that niche properties shape the occupancy but not the abundance of native and alien woody species across Hawaiian forests. Our results suggest that, because of substantial invasion debts, the impacts of alien woody invasions in native forests have yet to fully manifest.
Defining Specially Designed Instruction: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rodgers Wendy J. , Weiss Margaret P. , Ismail Hazim Aal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpecially designed instruction (SDI) is at the heart of special education. The broad legal definition of SDI allows special educators to customize it for students, but could lead to role ambiguity, particularly in inclusive classes where most students with learning disabilities receive services. To examine interpretations of SDI, we conducted a systematic literature review. We identified 73 relevant documents and conducted a content analysis to determine how authors defined what SDI is, who provides it, where it is provided, and why it is offered. We found that conceptualizations of SDI varied widely across documents, and even contradicted each other at times. We present our findings and discuss implications of them for implementation of SDI in practice.
To be or not to be, that is the question: The Marsala meteorite (Italy, 1834) and the role of the doubtful meteorites in the history of meteoritics
Authors: Franza Annarita , Morelli Marco , Faggi Daniela , Pratesi Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the historical and scientific investigation of a presumed meteorite fall that occurred in the Sicilian township of Marsala in 1834. Preliminary studies have classified this phenomenon as a “doubtful meteorite.” This term describes, according to the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society, an object for which there was significant uncertainty over whether it was a real meteorite or, in some cases, whether it ever existed. Thanks to the analysis of untapped sources, the first objective of this work is to clarify the nature of the event. Subsequently, the results of the minero‐chemical analyses that were performed, in 1835, on two fragments recovered after the event are discussed for the first time. This work then shows the collecting history of one of the presumed meteorite specimens. Based on the results presented here, this work highlights the role of doubtful meteorites as a fundamental resource for the history of meteoritics and meteorite collecting as well as for studying the processes that have led to the scientific study of meteorites.
Ice seals as sentinels for algal toxin presence in the Pacific Arctic and subarctic marine ecosystems
Authors: Hendrix Alicia M. , Lefebvre Kathi A. , Quakenbush Lori , Bryan Anna , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Sheffield Gay , Wisswaesser Gabriel , Willis Maryjean L. , Bowers Emily K. , Kendrick Preston , Frame Elizabeth , Burbacher Thomas , Marcinek David J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDomoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX)‐producing algae are present in Alaskan seas, presenting exposure risks to marine mammals that may be increasing due to climate change. To investigate potential increases in exposure risks to four pagophilic ice seal species (Erignathus barbatus, bearded seals; Pusa hispida, ringed seals; Phoca largha, spotted seals; and Histriophoca fasciata, ribbon seals), this study analyzed samples from 998 seals harvested for subsistence purposes in western and northern Alaska during 2005–2019 for DA and STX. Both toxins were detected in bearded, ringed, and spotted seals, though no clinical signs of acute neurotoxicity were reported in harvested seals. Bearded seals had the highest prevalence of each toxin, followed by ringed seals. Bearded seal stomach content samples from the Bering Sea showed a significant increase in DA prevalence with time (logistic regression, p = .004). These findings are consistent with predicted northward expansion of DA‐producing algae. A comparison of paired samples taken from the stomachs and colons of 15 seals found that colon content consistently had higher concentrations of both toxins. Collectively, these results suggest that ice seals, particularly bearded seals (benthic foraging specialists), are suitable sentinels for monitoring HAB prevalence in the Pacific Arctic and subarctic.
Computerised dynamic posturography for postural control assessment in subjects wearing multifocal contact lenses dedicated for myopia control
Authors: Przekoracka Katarzyna , Michalak Krzysztof Piotr , Olszewski Jan , Michalski Andrzej , Przekoracka‐Krawczyk Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo measure body balance using computerised dynamic posturography in young adults wearing multifocal contact lenses (MFCL) with high addition powers designed for myopia control.MethodsTwenty‐four young adults (mean age: 24 years) wearing distance‐centred soft MFCL (SwissLens Orbis Relax) with two different central zones (3 and 4.5 mm), two addition powers (+2 D, +4 D) and single vision control lenses. Body balance was measured on a moving platform under three viewing conditions: (1) eyes open when fixating on letters at 3 m or (2) at 40 cm, as well as (3) with the eyes closed. Parameters of body stabilisation were analysed: the rate of body stabilisation (τrelax), the stabilisation time (Tmax) and the number of oscillations (Nosc).ResultsThe MFCLs did not produce a significant difference in the mean values of the analysed parameters (p > 0.05 for τrelax, Tmax, Nosc). However, a positive correlation was found between pupil size and Nosc and Tmax (p < 0.01), suggesting an effect of the +4 D add with the 3 mm central zone on the posturographic parameters. As was expected, dynamic body stabilisation was better with eyes open versus eyes closed (p < 0.005).ConclusionsDistance‐centred MFCLs with a medium addition (+2 D) do not disturb body stabilisation in young adults. However, high additions (+4 D) with a small central zone may affect body balance control in subjects with large pupil size.
Widespread cutaneous eruption after aluminum‐containing vaccination: A case report and review of current literature
Authors: Mistry Bhavik D. , DeKoven Joel G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAluminum salts are adjuvants found in many vaccines. Although rare, patients have reported cutaneous reactions to aluminum salts including persistent pruritic subcutaneous nodules at the injection site. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old male who at the age of 5 years developed a generalized pruritic cutaneous eruption after receiving the aluminum‐containing Quadracel® vaccination. Patch testing at that time was positive to aluminum salts and again on repeat patch testing 6 years later. Our case highlights a delayed systemic cutaneous reaction to a vaccine containing aluminum salts. We review cutaneous allergic reactions to vaccines containing aluminum salts and vaccination advice for patients with aluminum contact allergy.
Profitability of fungicide applications for managing soybean rust in scenarios of variable efficacy and costs: A stochastic simulation
Authors: Alves Kaique S. , Barro Jhonatan P. , Guimarães Mariana , Del Ponte Emerson M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoybean rust (SBR) in Brazil is controlled with fungicides, which have shown variable, sometimes declining, efficacy over time. A Monte Carlo simulation framework was implemented as a decision tool and to estimate the probability for a fungicide programme being profitable depending on efficacy and total cost defined by the user. Probability distributions were fitted to slopes and intercepts of the disease–yield relationship and severity in the untreated plots reported in the literature, as well as historical records of soybean price. Simulations of disease reduction conditioned to predefined control efficacy and total application costs were split into scenarios that combined two categories of severity (high and low) and two attainable yield classes (high and low). These categories were defined based on the median of severity (57.8%) and median of the intercept (yield when severity is zero, 2995.1 kg/ha). Probability matrices were constructed relating fungicide efficacy and costs. A higher frequency of break‐even events occurred in scenarios of high disease pressure and higher yield. Yearly simulations, starting with 79.4% efficacy, assuming two rates of decline previously determined for tebuconazole (high decline rate), showed that the programme may remain profitable during the first 5 to 7 years of use, in contrast to cyproconazole (low decline rate), a fungicide that would be profitable during the entire decade. This approach was shown to be useful and can be adapted to other diseases of soybean and other crops, as long as damage functions are available. An interactive web app was developed to perform the simulations accessible at alvesks.shinyapps.io/rusty‐profits/.
The Historical Presidency: Two Centuries of Presidential Elections
Authors: Mayhew David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe United States has held 59 presidential elections, nearly half of which are covered in the University Press of Kansas's book series American Presidential Elections. Surprises, renovations of old understandings, and punctures of conventional wisdoms abound in this smartly rendered series. Surveying these accounts of elections past from the vantage point of a political scientist, with an eye for patterns and techniques as well as the rich substance that the many volumes provide, highlights the ways that events, independent of creeds or philosophies, have underpinned this electoral past, and underscores the importance of infusing “conditions” considerations into accounts of candidates, issues, and campaigns, particularly in crisis elections.
A low exhaled nitric oxide level excludes a short‐term benefit from inhaled corticosteroids in suspected asthma: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Sutherland Lissa , Shaw Karen , Parrish Clair , Singleton Nicola , McKeever Tricia M. , Stewart Iain , Shaw Dominick , Martin Matthew J. , Harrison Tim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non‐invasive biomarker that reflects IL‐4/IL‐13 production and therefore represents T2 allergic inflammation. FeNO has previously been used to guide inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment in asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine if a low FeNO (≤27 ppb) could be used to reliably identify patients with symptoms suggestive of asthma who would not benefit from initiating treatment with an ICS.MethodsA total of 180 steroid‐naïve adults with healthcare professional suspected asthma and an FeNO of ≤27 ppb were randomized to receive either 400 mcg of budesonide or placebo daily for 3 months. The primary outcome was the difference in the Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 (ACQ7) between treatment groups and the study was powered to determine equivalence. Secondary outcomes were the difference in FEV1, Medical Research Council and Leicester Cough Questionnaire scores.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐four patients (68 budesonide and 66 placebo) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The between‐group mean difference in ACQ7 from baseline to the end of the study was −0.25 and the 95% CI around this difference was −0.004 to 0.495 confirming equivalence (p < 0.05). Differences in forced expiratory volume over 1 s and other secondary outcomes were also small and clinically unimportant.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that steroid‐naïve patients with symptoms suggestive of asthma and an FeNO ≤ 27 ppb are unlikely to benefit from initiating treatment with an ICS over 3 months. However, further research is recommended to confirm these findings before withholding ICS treatment.
How management practices affect silicon uptake by Hordeum vulgare grown in a highly calcareous soil
Authors: Sierra María José , Schmid Thomas , Guirado María , Escolano Olga , Millán Rocio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are many studies on the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in plants related to a decrease of stress (biotic/abiotic). The objective of the present work was to study how plant‐available Si in highly calcareous soil with different soil chemical properties, amendments and growing conditions can affect Si absorption by Hordeum vulgare L. (Barley) and its biomass. Barley was cultivated under field conditions in dryland agriculture. Three treatments were compared: phytolithic biochar, compost pellets and no amendment. Greenhouse trials with the same soil and treatments were also carried out to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics in the soil–plant system under controlled growing conditions. In both experiments, physical and chemical soil and plant parameters were determined from collected samples. Results showed that the Si uptake and biomass in soils with the highest available Si (33 ± 1 mg kg−1) was 4.7‐fold and 2.4‐fold higher, respectively, than in soils with the lowest available Si (22 ± 1 mg kg−1). Also, with greater Si uptake there was an increase in N uptake (τ = 0.68, p < 0.01). Therefore, Si could improve N use efficiency within the plant. A strategy to improve Si values would be to use organic amendments that are enriched with Si and supply N in a form other than ammonium (). A high pH in this type of soil produces dissolution of the biogenic Si pool and low electrical conductivity values improve plant‐available Si values. It is important to increase plant‐available Si in highly calcareous soils as this has important implications for improving barley production.