bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het antropoceen
Authors: Janssen Janine , Schuilenburg Marc 
Published: July 2021

The antropocene – The criminological challenge in the 21st century
‘Antropocene’ is a wellknown concept among those that are concerned about the Earth’s future. Nevertheless, there is a heated scientific debat about the start of this era in history and the name ‘antropocene’in itself. In this contribution it is stated that that debate is helpful in raising important questions about the desatrous influence of mankind on live on this planet. Criminologists should take a stance and address these questions as well. This contribution includes a manifest that contains points for further action for criminologists.
Daderschap in het antropoceen
Authors: Bisschop Lieselot 
Published: July 2021

Offenders in the Anthropocene
Past and present human activity lies at the basis of the unprecedented environmental crisis we face today. This article explores the drivers and dynamics that are directly and indirectly responsible for the environmental crisis in the Anthropocene by using a green and organizational criminology perspective and combining it with insights from perpetrator studies. Responsible actors and responsibilities are discussed on societal, organizational and individual level. Lessons are drawn on how existing insights in criminology can be challenged to better accommodate for the ecological challenges in the antropocene and on what that means for criminologists experiencing and researching the Anthropocene.
Herstelrecht en milieuzaken: een verkenning van mogelijkheden in het antropoceen
Authors: Wijdekop Femke , van Hoek Anneke 
Published: July 2021

Restorative justice and the environment – An exploration of possibilities in the Anthropocene
The environmental crisis makes it clear that our current legal instruments and concepts are not sufficient to effectively combat, remedy and prevent widespread environmental harm. However, new concepts and approaches are being developed that try to reduce these legal imperfections. Our essay explores these developments, in particular the emergence of a legal duty of care for the environment, the rights of nature-movement, the campaign to make ecocide (mass damage and destruction of the environment) an international crime and the application of restorative justice to repair environmental harm. We also advocate a new multidisciplinary perspective launched by us: positive green criminology.
Slachtofferschap: planten en habitats
Authors: Kole Sander 
Published: July 2021

Victimization: Plants and habitats – Why habitats and plants are not adequately protected despite strict rules
The current poor conservation status of Dutch nature is a result of human activities and is therefore characteristic of the era of the Anthropocene in which we now live. As a result of climate change, desiccation and a surplus of nitrogen and other environmental problems, the survival of many habitats and plants in the EU and in the Netherlands is at stake. Recent scientific research shows that many habitats and plants are in an unfavorable conservation status. Biodiversity is under great pressure. In almost all cases, the declining biodiversity can primarily be traced back to human activities and the consequences of these activities for nature. The EU Habitats Directive and the Dutch Nature Conservation Act provide a legal system that obliges the protection of all wild habitats and plants. Although the objective of both regulations suggests otherwise, the protection of nature in the application of provisions from the Dutch Nature Conservation Act is not an intrinsic objective. The extent to which habitats and plants are protected is linked to human – often economic – interests. It is this ambivalence in existing laws and regulations – the human perspective – that makes it possible to ‘disable’ rules that are precisely intended to preserve habitat types and plants relatively easily. As a result, environmental problems caused by humans are not or not completely resolved. Remarkably enough, the design and application of current national and international nature conservation law contributes to the undisturbed continuation of the Anthropocene era in which we live.
Characterizing Long-term Disability Progression and Employment in NARCOMS Registry Participants with Multiple Sclerosis Taking Dimethyl Fumarate
Authors: Salter Amber , Lancia Samantha , Cutter Gary , Fox Robert J. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Mendoza Jason P. , Lewin James B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but long-term effects of DMF on disability and disease progression in clinical settings are unknown. We evaluated disability and employment outcomes in persons with RRMS treated with DMF for up to 5 years.

Methods:
This longitudinal study included US North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry participants with RRMS reporting DMF initiation in fall 2013 through spring 2018 with 1 year or more of follow-up. Time to 6-month confirmed disability progression (≥1-point increase in Patient-Determined Disease Steps [PDDS] score) and change in employment status were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Participants were censored at last follow-up or at DMF discontinuation, whichever came first.

Results:
During the study, 725 US participants with RRMS had at least 1 year of DMF follow-up data, of whom most were female and White. At year 5, 69.9% (95% CI, 65.4%–73.9%) of these participants were free from 6-month confirmed disability progression, and 84.7% (95% CI, 78.6%–89.2%) were free from conversion to secondary progressive MS. Of 116 participants with data at baseline and year 5, most had stable or improved PDDS and Performance Scales scores over 5 years. Of 322 participants 62 years and younger and employed at the index survey, 66.0% (95% CI, 57.6%–73.1%) were free from a negative change in employment type over 5 years.

Conclusions:
Most US NARCOMS Registry participants treated up to 5 years with DMF remained free from 6-month confirmed disability progression and conversion to secondary progressive MS and had stable disability and employment status. These results support the long-term stability of disability and work-related outcomes with disease-modifying therapy.
Oxygen Cost of Walking in People With Multiple Sclerosis and Its Association With Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rooney Scott , McWilliam Gavin , Wood Leslie , Moffat Fiona , Paul Lorna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the oxygen cost of walking in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls and to assess the relationship between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue in individuals with MS.

Methods:
Four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Science) were searched up to September 2020. Studies were included if they recruited adults with MS and either compared oxygen cost of walking in those with MS and a control population or determined the relationship between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue. Meta-analysis of the standardized mean difference in oxygen cost of walking between individuals with MS and controls was performed.

Results:
Nine studies were included in this review, of which 7 compared oxygen cost of walking in individuals with MS (n = 176) and controls (n = 142) and 4 investigated the relationship between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue. Meta-analysis revealed that individuals with MS (with predominantly mild-to-moderate disability) had a significantly higher oxygen cost of walking compared with controls (standardized mean difference = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.88 to 3.54, P = .001). In addition, 3 studies found a significant yet weak positive association between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue.

Conclusions:
Individuals with MS expend more energy when walking compared with controls. This increase in energy expenditure may contribute to the development of fatigue, as some studies found that higher oxygen costs of walking were associated with greater fatigue. Future studies should investigate whether reducing energy expenditure during movement improves fatigue.
Quality Assessment of Surface Water for Domestic and Agricultural Purposes Using Hydro-chemical and Microbial Studies in Kilifi County, North Coast Region of Kenya
Authors: Inyangala Bridgits , Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi , Oshule Paul Sifuna , Essuman Suliman , Chongomwa Mwangome Muye , Atego Norbert Adum 
Published: July 2021

Water has economic and ecological significance. However, quality deterioration due to salinity causes significant decrease in agricultural productivity and a public health problem. This study focuses on hydro-chemical and microbial quality of water sources in Kilifi County. Water samples were collected from 25 different locations within Kilifi County and indicators of salinity and microbial load analyzed. Temperature, pH, EC and TDS were determined using portable pH meter. Anions; F-, Br-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO2-, NO3-, CO32-, HCO3- and NH4+ were determined using Ion Exchange Chromatography. Cations; Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Al3+ and Ag+ were determined using flame photometry. Standard methods were used to determine Microbial loads. Results were pH (7.42±0.52), Temperature (24.61±0.21oC), EC (3.44±0.75 dscm-1), TDS (1672.53±122.87 mgL-1) and Turbidity (152.29±41.20 NTU). Anions; F- (2.90±0.24 mg/L), Cl- (1756.68±900.50 mg/L), NO2- (4.47±0.49 mg/L), Br- (11.72±1.20 mg/L), NO3- (4.67±0.38 mg/L), HCO3- (200.54±25.58 mg/L) PO43- (0.94±0.10 mg/L), CO32- (29.94±2.32 mg/L), and SO42- (300.64±42.47 mg/L). Cations; K+ (8751.80±214.04 mgL-1), Na+ (59.43±1.98 mgL-1), Ca2+ (4.00±0.16 mgL-1), Mg2+ (59.43±1.98 mgL-1), Zn2+ (0.76±0.30 mgL-1), Cu2+ (0.18±0.01 mgL-1), Ag+ (0.03±0.01 mg/L), Cd2+ (0.07±0.01 mg/L), Cr3+ (0.35±0.01 mg/L), Al3+ (0.33±0.01 mg/L) and NH4+ (2.01±1.96 mg/L). Microbial load; MPN (20811.00±402.00), Total coliforms (2970.00±60.00 CFU 100 mL-1), E. coli (26.00±3.00 CFU 100mL-1), S. aureus (411.00±12.00 CFU 100mL-1), Shegela (24.00±2.00 CFU 100mL-1) and S. typhi (67.00±2.00 CFU 100mL-1). Temperature, pH, EC, TDS, Turbidity, F-, Cl-, Br-, PO43-, Na+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and microbial load were above WHO limits whereas SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, CO32-, HCO3-, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Al3+ and Ag+ were below WHO limits. The study concludes that water sources in Kilifi County are unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It’s recommended that a continuous water quality monitoring program be put in place and development of effective management practices for utilization of the surface water resources be instituted.
Microbiological Safety and Quality Assessment of Maize (Zea mays L) Produced and Stocked from Rural Conditions in Côte D’ivoire
Authors: Désiré Kouamé , Léonce Niamketchi Gilles , Constant Konan , Ysidor Konan , Marius Biego G. Henri 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Fungal pathogens are one of the main biological agents causing maize post-harvest loss and affect food security in the country. Thus, this study was conducted to assess fungal pathogens associated to post-harvest maize (Zea mays L.) with especial focus to mycotoxin-producing fungi at producer’s storage condition in different regions of Côte d’Ivoire.
Study Design: A total of 1 500 samples of maize as grains, cobs and husks were collected at rate of 500 samples by region (Gbêkê, Poro, Hambol, Indénié-Djuablin and Gontougo) and sent to the laboratory in order to analyse their sanitary quality.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out during March 2016 to January 2017. The analyses of the collected sample carried out at the Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Resources Laboratory of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny’s University, Abidjan.
Methodology: Microbiological analysis was assessed by recording the number of colony in the plate. The contents of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in the different samples were determined using standard methods.
Results: The total microbial species isolated ranged from 104 to 1011 cfu/g with thermotolerants coliforms (103 – 104) and fecal coliforms (102 – 103). The stored maize samples contained also high amount of yeast and molds (104 to 107 cfu/g). Aspergillus genus was the predominantly fungal isolated in all maize samples with tree species which are A. flavus, A. niger and A. versicolor potential producers of mycotoxins. More importantly, stored maize sample as grain, cobs and husks were affected by aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and ochratoxin A. Sixty per cent of the maize samples, mostly husks, showed aflatoxin B1 (from 12.73 to 130.31 µg/kg) and OTA (from 16.75 to 134.21 µg/kg) concentrations above the Maximum Authorized Limit of 5 µg/kg.
Conclusion: A significant variability from one region to another can be noticed at level of maize quality regardless the type of maize. The sanitary quality of maize seems to be tied to postharvest treatments (drying), type of storage (grains, cobs and husks) and structure of storage.
Pequeno Relato de um Grande Esforço: “Jovem e consumo midiático em tempos de convergência” // Short Report of a Great Effort: "Young and media consumption in convergence times"
Authors: Jacks Nilda , Toaldo Mariângela Machado , Schmitz Daniela , Mazer Dulce , Oikawa Erika , Noll Gisele , Wottrich Laura Hastenpflug , Silva Ronei Teodoro da , Moralejo Sarah 
Published: July 2021

O texto trata das principais estratégias e procedimentos de uma pesquisa nacional comparativa, desenvolvida por 27 equipes estaduais, sobre as práticas e consumo midiático de jovens brasileiros, em tempos de convergência midiática. Apresenta também alguns aspectos conceituais referentes ao âmbito do método, da metodologia e dos procedimentos técnicos.

Sumary
The text deals with the main strategies and procedures of a National Comparative Research, develop by 27 states teams about media practices and consumption of brazilian youth in times of media convergence. It also introduces some conceptual aspects about the framework of the method, methodology and technical procedures.
HutT functions as the major L‐histidine transporter in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Wirtz Larissa , Eder Michelle , Brand Anna‐Katharina , Jung Heinrich 
Published: July 2021

Histidine is an important carbon and nitrogen source of γ‐proteobacteria and can affect bacteria–host interactions. The mechanisms of histidine uptake are only partly understood. Here, we analyze functional properties of the putative histidine transporter HutT of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The hutT gene is part of the histidine utilization operon, and the gene product belongs to the amino acid‐polyamine‐organocation (APC) family of secondary transporters. Deletion of hutT severely impairs growth of P. putida on histidine, suggesting that the encoded transporter is the major histidine uptake system of P. putida. Transport experiments with cells and purified and reconstituted protein indicate that HutT functions as a high‐affinity histidine : proton symporter with high specificity for the amino acid. Substitution analyses identified amino acids crucial for HutT function.
Gradual Glucocorticosteroid Withdrawal Is Safe in Clinically Quiescent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Gladman Dafna D. , Su Jiandong , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are usually treated with glucocorticosteroids even during periods of clinically quiescent disease. A recent study showed that abrupt glucocorticoid withdrawal was associated with an increased likelihood of flare in the next 12 months. The aim of the present study was to assess clinical flare rates and damage accrual in patients who tapered glucocorticosteroids gradually.MethodsPatients from the Toronto Lupus Clinic with 2 consecutive years of clinically quiescent disease were retrieved from the database. Individuals who maintained a low prednisone dose (5 mg/day) comprised the maintenance group, whereas patients who gradually tapered prednisone within these two years comprised the withdrawal group. All individuals were followed for 2 years after prednisone discontinuation or the corresponding date for the maintenance group. Propensity score matching was implemented to adjust for certain baseline differences. Outcomes included clinical flares and damage accrual.ResultsOf 270 eligible patients, 204 were matched (102 in each group). Flare rate (any increase in clinical SLE Disease Activity Index 2000) was lower in the withdrawal group both at 12 (17.6% versus 29.4%; P = 0.023) and 24 months (33.3% versus 50%; P = 0.01). Moderate to severe flares (requiring systemic treatment escalation) were not different at 12 months (10.8% versus 13.7%; P = 0.467) but were less frequent at 24 months (14.7% versus 27.5%; P = 0.024). Damage accrual was less frequent in the withdrawal group (6.9% versus 17.6%; P = 0.022). No predictors for clinical flares were identified.ConclusionGradual glucocorticoid withdrawal is safe in clinically quiescent SLE and is associated with fewer clinical flares and less damage accrual at 24 months.
Dual Enzyme Mimics Based on Metal–Ligand Cross‐Linking Strategy for Accelerating Ascorbate Oxidation and Enhancing Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Sun Hua , Gao Zhuxian , Wang Chenlong , Guan Liandi , Wang Yu , Wang Yanping , Zhang Huiying , Liang Qionglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency nanozymes is of great significance in the field of nanozymology, because this is one of the prerequisites for the sophisticated performance of nanozymes. Herein, the developed metal–ligand cross‐linking strategy engineers porous carbon nanorod supported ultra‐small iron carbide nanoparticles that possess excellent oxidase‐like and peroxidase‐like enzyme activities. The fabricated nanozyme can efficiently accelerate the oxidation of ascorbate (AA) to enhance cancer cells ablation efficacy. Due to the nanozyme having great surface atoms utilization ratio and large specific surface area, the AA can be rapidly and completely autoxidized within 20 min. Mechanism research demonstrates that the nanozyme's first activation of O2 to generate superoxide free radicals (O2•−) via the oxidase‐like pathway, then the O2•− directly oxidizes AA and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Simultaneously, the H2O2 transforms into the toxic hydroxyl radical through the peroxidase‐like pathway and induces tumor cell death. Further in vitro and in vivo assays show the significant enhancement of the anti‐tumor efficacy through AA oxidation which is catalyzed by the developed nanozyme. It is expected that this work will benefit not only the development of other efficient nanozymes, but also future advances in the field of AA oxidation induced tumor therapy.
Optoelectronic Coincidence Detection with Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2Se Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yan Jian‐Min , Ying Jing‐Shi , Yan Ming‐Yuan , Wang Zhao‐Cai , Li Shuang‐Shuang , Chen Ting‐Wei , Gao Guan‐Yin , Liao Fuyou , Luo Hao‐Su , Zhang Tao , Chai Yang , Zheng Ren‐Kui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformation processing with optoelectronic devices provides an alternative way to efficiently process hybrid optical and electronic signals. Ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) can effectively respond to external optical and electrical stimuli by modulating their polarization states. Here, a 2D FeFET is demonstrated by the epitaxial growth of high‐quality 2D bismuth layered oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) films on PMN‐PT(001) ferroelectric single‐crystal substrates. Upon switching the polarization direction of PMN‐PT, the authors realize in situ, reversible, and nonvolatile manipulation of the resistance of Bi2O2Se thin film (≈877%). The device simultaneously exhibits a polarization‐dependent photoresponse through visible light (λ = 405 nm) and infrared light (IR, λ = 980 nm) illumination. Combining optical stimuli with ferroelectric gating, it is demonstrated that the devices not only show nonvolatile memory and optoelectronic responses, but also show coincidence detection of visible and IR light. This work holds great potential in constructing new multiresponse and multifunction 2D‐FeFETs.
Self‐Repairing and Damage‐Tolerant Hydrogels for Efficient Solar‐Powered Water Purification and Desalination
Authors: Li Fangbin , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Qiao Lifang , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as an innovative and sustainable technology for efficient, clean water production. Real‐world applications depend on new classes of low‐cost, lightweight, and robust materials that can be integrated into one monolithic device, which withstands a variety of realistic conditions on open water. Self‐repairing building blocks are highly desired to prevent permanent failures, recover original functions and maintain the lifetime of interfacial steam generators, although related studies are scarce to date. For the first time, a monolithic, durable, and self‐floating interfacial steam generator with well‐defined structures is demonstrated by integrating self‐healing hydrogels through facile processes in surface modulation and device fabrication. High and stable water evaporation rates over 2.0 kg m−2 h−1 are attained under 1 sun on both fresh water and brine with a broad range of salinity (36–210 g kg−1). The solar evaporation and desalination performance are among the best‐performing interfacial steam generators and surpass a majority of devices that are constructed by composite polymers as structural components. This study provides a perspective and highlights the future opportunities in self‐healing and damage‐tolerant materials that can simultaneously improve the performance, durability, and lifetime of interfacial steam generators in real‐world applications.
Low‐Voltage Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe0.5Rh0.5/0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.32PbTiO3 Thin‐Film Heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Kim Jieun , Huang Xiaoxi , Zhang Lei , Pesquera David , Velarde Gabriel A. P. , Gosavi Tanay , Lin Chia‐Ching , Nikonov Dmitri E. , Li Hai , Young Ian A. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Martin Lane W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of computing applications demands novel low‐energy consumption devices for information processing. Among various candidates, magnetoelectric heterostructures hold promise for meeting the required voltage and power goals. Here, a route to low‐voltage control of magnetism in 30 nm Fe0.5Rh0.5/100 nm 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.32PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) heterostructures is demonstrated wherein the magnetoelectric coupling is achieved via strain‐induced changes in the Fe0.5Rh0.5 mediated by voltages applied to the PMN‐PT. We describe approaches to achieve high‐quality, epitaxial growth of Fe0.5Rh0.5 on the PMN‐PT films and, a methodology to probe and quantify magnetoelectric coupling in small thin‐film devices via studies of the anomalous Hall effect. By comparing the spin‐flop field change induced by temperature and external voltage, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is estimated to reach ≈7 × 10−8 s m−1 at 325 K while applying a −0.75 V bias.