bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of diphyllin β‐hydroxyl amino derivatives as novel V‐ATPase inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Li , Lu Yapeng , Li Yu , Ling Yong , Zhao Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural diphyllin glycosides were identified as potent vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) inhibitors. A series of diphyllin β‐hydroxyl amino derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel diphyllin derivatives. Most of these derivatives displayed potent cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the submicromolar to nanomolar concentration range. Compounds 2b, 2c, 2l, 2m, and 2n showed similar V‐ATPase inhibitory potency to Bafilomycin A1. Compound 2l exhibited potent activity of modulation of lysosomal pH and cytoplasmic pH.
The Very Best of Me: Longitudinal Associations of Perfectionism and Identity Processes in Adolescence
Authors: Negru‐Subtirica Oana , Pop Eleonora Ioana , Damian Lavinia E. , Stoeber Joachim 
Published: July 2021

Personality and identity formation are intricately linked in adolescent development. The personality disposition of perfectionism has been associated with identity processes, but their longitudinal interplay in adolescence has not yet been investigated. This four‐wave study, with 5‐ to 6‐month intervals between each wave (N = 744 Caucasian adolescents, Mage = 15.2 years, 55% girls), examined associations between perfectionism (self‐oriented and socially prescribed) and identity processes in the domain of future plans. Self‐oriented perfectionism predicted increases in commitment making, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth. Socially prescribed perfectionism showed bidirectional positive relations with ruminative exploration. Exploration in depth predicted increases in socially prescribed perfectionism. Findings suggest that perfectionism is an important personality disposition in adolescent identity formation unfolding over time.
Comparing patient‐reported outcomes and experiences among static, dynamic computer‐aided, and conventional freehand dental implant placement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Engkawong Sunida , Mattheos Nikos , Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantumwadee , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Subbalekha Keskanya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcomes and experiences (PROs and PREs) among three techniques of dental implant placement, including (a) conventional freehand, (b) dynamic, and (c) static computer‐aided implant surgery (CAIS).Material and methodsNinety patients were randomly assigned to have dental implant placed with one of the three protocols. Participants were asked to fill in a series of self‐administered questionnaires assessing (1) preoperative expectations, (2) postoperative healing events during the first week after surgery, and (3) experiences and overall satisfaction with the procedures at 2 weeks. Differences within the groups were analyzed by Wilcoxson signed‐rank test. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for comparisons among the three groups.ResultsEighty‐eight patients completed the study. Patients' expectations on chewing difficulty, the postoperative experience of duration of pain, speaking limitations, and impact on routine activities were significantly different among groups (p = 0.04, 0.01, 0.038, and 0.046, respectively). Overall, patients appeared to significantly underestimate the duration of postoperative pain (p = 0.035) and swelling (p = 0.001). No significant difference in magnitude of postoperative pain, swelling, and painkiller consumption was found among the groups. The short‐term functional limitations after surgery were deemed acceptable by most participants and 89% were satisfied by the overall procedure.ConclusionsSurgical placement of dental implant with conventional freehand, static, and dynamic CAIS techniques did not result in any difference in the level of postoperative pain and swelling, and appeared to lead to equal levels of satisfaction as expressed by the patients postoperatively.
Coming of age: 21 years of providing opioid substitution treatment within an Aboriginal community‐controlled primary health service
Authors: Freeburn Bradley , Loggins Summer , Lee K. S. Kylie , Conigrave Katherine M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community controlled health services have been established since 1971 to provide accessible, quality and culturally‐appropriate primary healthcare. The first of these services, the Aboriginal Medical Service Cooperative Redfern (‘the AMS’), created its own Drug and Alcohol Unit (‘the Unit’) in 1999. The Unit initially prescribed opioid substitution treatment (OST) and its coordinator, Bradley Freeburn, a Bundjalung man, provided counselling. Soon afterwards, the Unit started dispensing OST. It now cares for around 150 individuals, each of whom is understood in the context of family, community and culture. The Unit is on the same site as the AMS's primary care service, specialised medical and mental health clinics, and dental clinic. This allows for integrated physical and mental health care. The Unit contributes to drug and alcohol workforce development for other AMS staff, state‐wide and nationally. Several Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community controlled health services around Australia now offer OST prescription, and a small number administer slow‐release buprenorphine. We are not aware of others that dispense Suboxone. In the USA and Canada, over the last 10 years, First Nations communities have also responded to lack of treatment access, by creating standalone OST clinics. We were not able to find examples of Māori‐controlled OST clinics in Aotearoa, New Zealand. The feasibility of this model of readily accessible OST, situated within a holistic, culturally‐grounded primary health‐care service recommends it for consideration and evaluation, for Indigenous or non‐Indigenous communities.
Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation may improve overall survival in patients with inoperable ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Xia Ming‐Xing , Shi Zhi‐Mei , Xing Ling , Gao Dao‐Jian , Ye Xin , Wang Tian‐Tian , Wu Jun , Qian You‐Wen , Qin Wen‐Hao , Hu Bing 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesPatients with advanced ampullary carcinoma (AC) who are unsuitable for surgery are most likely to have poor outcomes. The role of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in this population has not been fully defined. We aimed to assess the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of RFA in a large cohort of AC patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data of consecutive patients with pathologically proven AC who underwent successful endobiliary RFA and/or stent placement were collected. All patients did not undergo surgical resection. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included clinical success and adverse events.ResultsA total of 85 patients, 50 in the RFA plus stenting group and 35 in the stenting alone group, were identified. The median OS was significantly longer in the RFA group than in the stenting alone group (16.9 vs. 9.8 months, P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox analysis, RFA (hazards ratio 0.408; 95% confidence interval 0.235–0.706; P = 0.001) was the only independent OS predictor. Eight patients with stage II tumors, exclusively from the RFA group, survived for more than 3 years. Clinical success was comparable between the two groups (96% vs. 100%, P = 0.231). Early adverse events between the two groups were similar (10% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.206); however, late biliary/pancreatic stenoses occurred in three RFA patients who were successfully managed with endoscopic interventions.ConclusionsEndoscopic RFA appears to prolong patients' survival with acceptable safety; it may therefore be a feasible treatment option for patients with inoperable ampullary cancers.
Promoting Rwanda’s business environment: Impact of reforms and drivers of change
Authors: Bernatzki Talea , Busse Matthias , Hoekstra Ruth 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMotivationDespite its status as a low‐income country in an unfavourable location for economic conduct, and being overshadowed by the devastating genocide of 1994, Rwanda has been recognized for its efforts to improve its business environment via several reforms and regulations according to various indicators.PurposeWe contribute an analysis of the extent of improvements which Rwanda’s regulatory reforms have yielded in the business environment. We also identify four interconnected drivers of change which account for the government’s capability to implement successful reforms in the economy.Methods and approachWe adopt a quantitative and qualitative approach.FindingsWe find that Rwanda’s regulatory reforms in the business environment are rather a mixture of true progress and window dressing. The drivers of change accounting for the progress in Rwanda’s economy are the pressure on the government to generate economic growth, the country’s leadership, the pre‐colonial institutional framework, and Rwanda’s aid effectiveness.Policy implicationsThe close interconnectedness of political and economic entities makes it inefficient to implement integral changes to Rwanda’s current system. The Rwandan government should rather credibly commit to its own policies and developmental approaches and continue its progress in private sector transformations without crowding out small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises.
Emerging role of white matter lesions in cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Rastogi Aarushi , Weissert Robert , Bhaskar Sonu Menachem Maimonides 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhite matter lesions have been implicated in the setting of stroke, dementia, intracerebral haemorrhage, several other cerebrovascular conditions, migraine, various neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis, disorders of metabolism, mitochondrial diseases and others. While much is understood vis a vis neuroimmunological conditions, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these lesions, and their role in, and implications to, management of cerebrovascular diseases or stroke, especially in the elderly, are limited. Several clinical assessment tools are available for delineating white matter lesions in clinical practice. However, their incorporation into clinical decision‐making and specifically prognosis and management of patients is suboptimal for use in standards of care. This article sought to provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances on pathophysiology, as well as clinical and radiological assessment, of white matter lesions with a focus on its development, progression and clinical implications in cerebrovascular diseases. Key indications for clinical practice and recommendations on future areas of research are also discussed. Finally, a conceptual proposal on putative mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of white matter lesions in cerebrovascular disease has been presented. Understanding of pathophysiology of white matter lesions and how they mediate outcomes is important to develop therapeutic strategies.
Long‐term irrigation reduces soil carbon sequestration by affecting soil microbial communities in agricultural ecosystems of northern China
Authors: Qi Yongqing , Li Jian , Deng Shaojun , Wang Jun , Zhang Yanju , Pei Hongwei , Shen Yanjun , Hui Dafeng , Lambers Hans , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Liu Zhanfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIrrigation has become one of the main approaches to improve agricultural production in an arid area. The variation of soil moisture after irrigation has the potential to affect soil microbial community composition and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and thus, the imbalances in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. However, the impact of long‐term irrigation on the relationships between soil microbial community and SOC sequestration in semiarid agroecosystems is still poorly understood. We took advantage of a 7‐year irrigation experiment in a winter wheat‐maize rotation system in northern China, whereby the non‐irrigation was subject to rain‐fed conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of long‐term irrigation on soil microbial communities and their linkages with soil carbon sequestration. Seven years of irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content by 39% but decreased SOC concentration of topsoil (0–20 cm) by 4.2% on average across all sampling times. The responses of soil microbial communities to irrigation were highly taxa dependent. Irrigation significantly decreased fungal biomass, fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio and Gram‐positive‐to‐Gram‐negative bacterial ratio, and did not affect the bacterial community biomass. The decreased SOC concentration under the long‐term irrigation was mainly caused by the changes in the ratio of fungi‐to‐bacteria. Our findings highlight the important role of soil fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio in mediating the response of SOC dynamics to a future drier climate in semiarid agricultural ecosystems.HighlightsIrrigation influences the soil microbial community and carbon stock in semiarid agroecosystems.Highlights the role of fungi:bacteria ratio in mediating the response of SOC dynamics to irrigationLong‐term irrigation decreased soil carbon content by changing the microbial community.Reduced SOC storage after irrigation was due to the decreased ratio between fungi and bacteria.
Circle of Willis variants and their association with outcome in patients with middle cerebral artery‐M1‐occlusion stroke
Authors: Westphal Laura P. , Lohaus Niklas , Winklhofer Sebastian , Manzolini Christian , Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Hamann Janne M. , El Amki Mohamad , Dobrocky Tomas , Panos Leonidas D. , Kaesmacher Johannes , Fischer Urs , Heldner Mirjam R. , Luft Andreas R. , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Wiest Roland , Wegener Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) has been associated with a higher risk of stroke and might affect collateral flow in large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. We aimed to investigate the distribution of CoW variants in a LVO stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) cohort and analyze their impact on 3‐month functional outcome.MethodsCoW anatomy was assessed with time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) in 193 stroke patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐M1‐occlusion receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) and 73 TIA patients without LVO. The main CoW variants were categorized into four vascular models of presumed collateral flow via the CoW.Results82.4% (n = 159) of stroke and 72.6% (n = 53) of TIA patients had an incomplete CoW. Most variants affected the posterior circulation (stroke: 77.2%, n = 149; TIA: 58.9%, n = 43; p = 0.004). Initial stroke severity defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission was similar for patients with and without CoW variants. CoW integrity did not differ between groups with favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]): 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS: 3–6) 3‐month outcome. However, we found trends towards a higher mortality in patients with any type of CoW variant (p = 0.08) and a higher frequency of incomplete CoW among patients dying within 3 months after stroke onset (p = 0.119). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for the potential confounders age, sex and atrial fibrillation, neither the vascular models nor anterior or posterior variants were independently associated with outcome.ConclusionOur data provide no evidence for an association of CoW variants with clinical outcome in LVO stroke patients receiving EVT.
The status of climate change adaptation in fisheries management: Policy, legislation and implementation
Authors: Bryndum‐Buchholz Andrea , Tittensor Derek P. , Lotze Heike K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change is altering ecosystems and fisheries throughout the world's oceans, demanding climate‐adaptive governance for conserving and managing living marine resources. While in some regions fisheries management systems address wider ecosystem dynamics within management frameworks and decision‐making, which may facilitate resilience to climate change, there remains a shortfall in terms of directly incorporating climate change adaptation into fisheries management legislation and implementation. This review assesses the current state of implementation of climate change adaptation into fisheries management policies and legislation across 11 national case studies, based on government documents and the primary literature. The overarching goal is to understand the key elements and gaps in existing fisheries management policies and legislation in the context of climate change. Given recent reforms of fisheries management policies and/or legislation across the nations examined, political recognition of the need to address climate change adaptation in fisheries management appears to be increasing; albeit formal mandates of climate‐adaptation objectives in fisheries management are largely missing. Based on our review, recommendations for achieving climate‐adaptive fisheries management regimes are developed. Overall, this study will help to inform and broaden the scope of management approaches and tools to accelerate the move towards adaptive fisheries management that accounts for climate change impacts on fish stocks, fisheries and the societies that depend upon them.
Stochastic recruitment alters the frequencies of alternative life histories in age‐structured populations
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B , Ohlberger Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlternative reproductive tactics, where members of a population exhibit divergent mating approaches, are widespread in fishes. The maintenance of such polymorphisms is often explained using game‐theoretic concepts such as frequency‐dependent selection, which typically assume populations are at equilibrium. However, fish populations exhibit stochastic variability that is inconsistent with the assumption of equilibrium dynamics. We explored how stochastic population dynamics interact with sexual and harvest‐induced selection to shape the frequencies of alternative male phenotypes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp., Salmonidae). Males of several salmon species are composed of typical “hooknoses” that compete on the spawning grounds for mating opportunities, and rarer “jacks” that mature younger and at smaller sizes to attempt reproduction by “sneaking.” Using stochastic simulations, we found that realistic levels of recruitment variation could increase the prevalence of jacks relative to equilibrium expectations. This result is attributable to the “cohort mismatch” phenomenon, whereby differences in age at maturity between male phenotypes cause jacks from strong recruitments to spawn in the same year as hooknoses from weaker cohorts, elevating the proportion of jacks among spawners. Simulations were supported by data from major populations of sockeye salmon (O. nerka, Salmonidae) throughout their North American range, which indicated a positive association between recruitment variability and jack prevalence in some regions. Moreover, we found that frequency‐dependent mating dampened population responses to fisheries‐induced selection. Our findings emphasize that stochastic ecological processes are important to the maintenance of alternative life histories and interact with selection to produce emergent dynamics that have not previously been recognized.
Internationalism, migration, and education: Pluralistic disposition in multilingual and multicultural contact zones—Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Sakallı Buse , Kunt Naciye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCyprus has always witnessed an influx of refugees and migrants as a conflict and contact zone and become a destination country for many international students for the last two decades. In the age of an unprecedented diversity and accentuated internationalist theories worldwide, pluralistic pedagogies embellished with nationally monoglossic discourses have become iconized pressing trends in education precipitating a dichotomous doom‐loop vis‐à‐vis multifaceted parameters of learning environments. Linking critical race theory with internationalism, document analysis, semi‐structured interviews, field notes, observations, and informal chats were deployed for an elaborated scrutiny of students’ perspectives through a normative‐humanistic lens. The results signified that in conflictual contexts, policy‐making may surpass basic humanistic norms such as equity and social justice where parental involvement, sustainable integration, discursive ideological orientations, coproduction among stakeholders, Western‐propelled content revision, preparatory language courses, and teacher education predominantly reconceptualize indispensable aspects of curricula. The findings are especially conspicuous for social partners, policy‐makers, and educators.
Dispersal modeling of octopoda paralarvae in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Santana‐Cisneros Mariana L. , Ardisson Pedro‐Luis , González Ángel F. , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael , Cahuich‐López Miguel , Ángeles‐González Luis Enrique , Ordoñez‐López Uriel , Velázquez‐Abunader Iván 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dynamics and population structure of octopus species in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can be studied by analyzing dispersal paralarvae mechanisms. Accordingly, this study focused on understanding octopus paralarval dispersal using numerical modeling. A Lagrangian approach was implemented using the transport model ICHTHYOP and surface currents from a GoM simulation of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). We modeled the dispersal of four octopus species from the GoM (Octopus “vulgaris”, Octopus insularis, Macrotritopus defilippi, and Amphioctopus burryi), considering two regions as the source of larvae in the southern GoM, namely the Yucatan shelf and the Veracruz coastal waters. Additionally, an environmental suitability analysis was incorporated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to establish potential settlement areas under the influence of the water masses’ thermal conditions. The simulation results supported the hypothesis that the abundances recorded in the GoM were influenced by the fertility (egg‐laying) of each species, surface water circulation (the Loop Current, eddies, and wind), and sea surface temperature. Greater dispersal was obtained throughout the GoM for Yucatan species O. “vulgaris”, registering the highest settlement rates. In contrast, in Veracruz, O. insularis dispersed and settled only in the western portion of the GoM. The relevance of the ecological descriptors proposed to influence the dispersal and abundance of octopods throughout the GoM's coastal waters are discussed.