bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress inhibits testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells through mitochondrial damage via Atp5a1
Authors: Xiong Xiaofan , Wu Qiuhua , Zhang Lingyu , Gao Shanfeng , Li Rufeng , Han Lin , Fan Meiyang , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Liying , Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Chunli , Xin Yanlong , Li Zongfang , Huang Chen , Yang Juan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStress is one of the leading causes of male infertility, but its exact function in testosterone synthesis has scarcely been reported. We found that adult male rats show a decrease in bodyweight, genital index and serum testosterone level after continual chronic stress for 21 days. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis identified 10 differentially expressed proteins in stressed rats compared with controls. A strong protein interaction network was found to be centred on Atp5a1 among these proteins. Atp5a1 expression significantly decreased in Leydig cells after chronic stress. Transfection of Atp5a1 siRNAs decreased StAR, CYP11A1, and 17β‐HSD expression by damaging the structure of mitochondria in TM3 cells. This study confirmed that chronic stress plays an important role in testosterone synthesis by regulating Atp5a1 expression in Leydig cells.
A close‐up view of dynamic biomarkers in the setting of COVID‐19: Striking focus on cardiovascular system
Authors: Rezabakhsh Aysa , Sadat‐Ebrahimi Seyyed‐Reza , Ala Alireza , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Banach Maciej , Ghaffari Samad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on the recent reports, cardiovascular events encompass a large portion of the mortality caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which drawn cardiologists into the management of the admitted ill patients. Given that common laboratory values may provide key insights into the illness caused by the life‐threatening SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, it would be more helpful for screening, clinical management and on‐time therapeutic strategies. Commensurate with these issues, this review article aimed to discuss the dynamic changes of the common laboratory parameters during COVID‐19 and their association with cardiovascular diseases. Besides, the values that changed in the early stage of the disease were considered and monitored during the recovery process. The time required for returning biomarkers to basal levels was also discussed. Finally, of particular interest, we tended to abridge the latest updates regarding the cardiovascular biomarkers as prognostic and diagnostic criteria to determine the severity of COVID‐19.
Identification of candidate chemosensory genes by antennal transcriptome analysis in an ectoparasitoid wasp
Authors: Li Yijiangcheng , Chen Hongchao , Liang Xinhao , Wang Shanshan , Zhu Hanqi , Yan Mengwen , Wu Fuan , Wang Jun , Sheng Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIseropus (Gregopimpla) kuwanae Vlereck (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is an ectoparasitoid wasp that attacks the larvae of Rondotia menciana Moore (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), which is a major pest harming mulberry trees in China. In this study, we obtained the antennal transcriptome dataset of I. kuwanae using RNA‐Seq technology. A total of 22,090,144 clean reads were generated, and 21,802 unigenes were assembled. Among them, 11,546 (52.96%) unigenes were matched in the NCBI non‐redundant protein database (E‐value of 10−5). Moreover, a total of 9,229 (42.33%) and 5,305 (24.33%) unigenes were annotated by Gene Ontology and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of the proteins database respectively. By antennal transcriptome analysis, a total of 122 candidate chemosensory genes were identified, including 11 odorant‐binding protein (OBP) genes, 6 chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 87 olfactory receptor (OR) genes (including one odorant co‐receptor, Orco), 16 ionotropic receptor genes and two sensory neuron membrane protein genes. RT‐qPCR assays revealed that seven of the 11 IkuwOBPs were predominantly expressed in the antennae of I. kuwanae adults. IkuwOBP4 was highly expressed in the head. IkuwOBP7 and IkuwOBP8 had higher expression levels in the legs. Interestingly, IkuwOBP6 was significantly expressed in both female antennae and ovipositor. The present findings can provide the basis for the subsequent in‐depth exploration of chemosensory mechanisms in I. kuwanae.
Online detection of blood‐spot eggs based on a novel method of spectral amplitude space conversion
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐hui , Ye Zi‐fan , Yang Kai , Hua Jun‐jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo improve the robustness of the online detection system for blood‐spot eggs, a linear converter was established based on Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm to transform spectral signals in the amplitude space, so that error introduced from the variation of sample, mechanical device, and other factors can be reduced to a certain degree. First, the transmission spectrum in the 500–599 nm bandwidth of each sample was selected. After preprocessed with the moving average filtering, the spectrum was transformed in the space of spectral amplitude using the LM algorithm. Then, the converted spectrum was utilized to establish the backpropagation neural network model. As the result, the classification model using the transformed spectra realized more than 96% accuracy. When the detection system dealt with different batches of samples produced on different dates, the discriminant accuracy using LM converter was significantly higher than that without (p value < .05). Meanwhile, when the detection system ran at different speeds, the model still showed good robustness, and the accuracy was increased to some degree with LM converter. The research indicated the technical superiority of the model built with the proposed spectra converter over the model without and provided a feasible method to detect blood‐spot eggs online for commercial usage.Practical ApplicationsBlood‐spot eggs need to be detected and removed before sale or export. During the task of online detection, the variation of sample batch, conveyor speed, and other factors can introduce error to the predicting outcomes of the classification model. Thus, it is essential for the detection system to stay robust and realize high‐accuracy identification under variable external factors. To this end, a novel linear converter for transforming spectral signals based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was studied in this paper. The results showed that the proposed converter could increase the classification accuracy and robustness of detection system to a certain degree, thus realizing accurate and fast online detection of blood‐spot eggs.
The efficacy and safety of anti‐tumor necrosis factor agents in the treatment of intestinal Behcet's disease, a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Jinjing , Liu Tingting , Han Wei , Bai Xiaoyin , Ruan Gechong , Lv Hong , Shu Huijun , Li Yue , Li Ji , Tan Bei , Zheng Weiyang , Xu Hui , Zheng Wenjie , Yang Hong , Qian Jiaming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBehcet's disease is a systemic vasculitis that can involve gastrointestinal tract. This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in treating patients with intestinal Behcet's disease.MethodsWe conducted searches on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Data from eligible studies were used to calculate the pooled estimate of proportions of clinical remission, mucosal healing at Months 3, 6, 12, and 24 as well as the pooled incidence of adverse drug reactions. And subgroup analysis based on the specific type of anti‐TNF agents was performed.ResultsOf the 828 studies initially identified, 13 were included finally, all of which were single‐arm cohort studies. The pooled proportions of clinical remission at Months 3, 6, 12, and 24 were 0.61 (95%CI 0.48–0.78), 0.51 (95%CI 0.40–0.66), 0.57 (95%CI 0.48–0.67), and 0.38 (95%CI 0.16–0.88), respectively. The pooled proportions of mucosal healing at Months 3, 6, 12, and 24 were 0.66 (95%CI 0.50–0.86), 0.82 (95%CI 0.48–0.98), 0.65 (95%CI 0.51–0.81), and 0.69 (95%CI 0.39–1.00), respectively. The pooled estimate of proportion of overall adverse drug reactions for infliximab was 0.22 (95%CI 0.07–0.69).ConclusionsAnti‐TNF agents, including infliximab and adalimumab, were an efficient therapy for intestinal Behcet's disease. The safety of anti‐TNF agents used in the treatment of intestinal Behcet's disease was acceptable.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for multiple nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment failure hepatitis B: Is monotherapy enough?
Authors: Liang Xieer , Xie Qing , Shang Jia , Tang Hong , Xu Min , Meng Qinghua , Zhang Jiming , Gao Pujun , Sheng Jifang , Wang Hao , Jia Jidong , Wang Guiqiang , Wu Shunquan , Ping Jingna , Hou Jinlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a first‐line treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for its high potency and a low rate of drug resistance. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of TDF in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection after treatment failure with multiple nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs).MethodsPatients included were aged 18–65 years, with treatment failure with multiple NAs (serum HBV DNA > 200 IU/mL after more than two different NA treatments). The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL at Week 144 of TDF monotherapy. Secondary endpoints and safety were also assessed.ResultsOverall, 213 patients were enrolled. At Week 144, mean HBV DNA decreased significantly from baseline (4.4 vs 1.4 log10 IU/mL), with 77.0% patients (95% confidence interval: 71.1, 82.9) achieving serum HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL. Three (1.4%) patients experienced virological breakthrough during TDF monotherapy, without hepatitis flare. At Week 144, 15.3% and 4.7% patients (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]‐positive at baseline) experienced HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion, respectively; 68.3% patients achieved normalized alanine aminotransferase levels. Overall, 58.7% patients experienced more than one adverse event (AE). Most common AEs were upper respiratory tract infection and blood creatine phosphokinase increase; 8.5% patients experienced study drug‐related AEs; 9.4% patients experienced serious AEs (none were TDF‐related). Among renal safety parameters, overall trend of mean serum phosphorous level remained stable, while mean estimated glomerular filtration rate increased slightly.ConclusionsTenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy is efficacious in CHB patients with multiple NAs treatment failure with no new safety findings.
Immunogenicity after 6 months of BNT162b2 vaccination in frail or disabled nursing home residents: The COVID‐A Study
Authors: Salmerón Ríos Sergio , Cortés Zamora Elisa Belén , Avendaño Céspedes Almudena , Romero Rizos Luis , Sánchez‐Jurado Pedro Manuel , Sánchez‐Nievas Ginés , Mas Romero Marta , Tabernero Sahuquillo María Teresa , Blas Señalada José Joaquín , Murillo Romero Antonio , García Nogueras Inmaculada , Estrella Cazalla Juan de Dios , Andrés‐Pretel Fernando , Lauschke Volker Martin , Stebbing Justin , Abizanda Pedro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is incomplete information regarding evolution of antibody titers against SARS‐CoV‐2 after a two‐dose strategy vaccination with BNT162b2 in older adults in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) with frailty, disability, or cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine IgG antibody titer loss in older adults in LTCFs.MethodsThis is a multicenter longitudinal cohort study including 127 residents (90 females and 37 males) with a mean age of 82.7 years (range 65–99) with different frailty and disability profiles in two LTCFs in Albacete, Spain. Residents received two doses of BNT162b2 as per label, and antibody levels were determined 1 and 6 months after the second dose. Age, sex, previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), comorbidity (Charlson Index), performance in activities of daily living (Barthel Index), frailty (FRAIL instrument), and cognitive status were assessed.ResultsThe mean antibody titers 1 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose were 32,145 AU/ml (SD 41,206) and 6182 AU/ml (SD 13,316), respectively. Across all participants, the median antibody titer loss measured 77.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 23.8%). Notably, the decline of titers in individuals with pre‐vaccination COVID‐19 infection was significantly lower than in those without a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (72.2% vs. 85.3%; p < 0.001). The median titer decrease per follow‐up day was 0.47% (IQR 0.14%) and only pre‐vaccination COVID‐19 was associated with lower rate of antibody decline at 6 months (hazard ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.41; p < 0.001). Frailty, disability, older age, cognitive impairment, or comorbidity were not associated with the extent of antibody loss.ConclusionsOlder adults in LTCFs experience a rapid loss of antibodies over the first 6 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Only pre‐vaccination COVID‐19 is associated with a slower rate of antibody decrease. Our data support immunization with a third dose in this vulnerable, high‐risk population.
Muscle spindles in the rhesus monkey platysma
Authors: May Christian Albrecht , Mätz‐Rensing Kerstin , Aschoff Daniel , Bramke Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe platysma of the rhesus monkey consists of two parts: a platysma myoides located similar to the human platysma, and a platysma cervicale passing the dorsal cervical region and being in contact with the cheek pouch. Our investigation showed that the muscle fiber morphology was comparable in both parts. Muscle spindles were only present in regions connected to the cheek pouch and contained only nuclear chain fibers. It is tempting to speculate that they sense the filling of the cheek pouch rather than mimic activities.
Prevalence of distress and its associated factors among caregivers of people diagnosed with cancer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kirk Deborah L. , Kabdebo Istvan , Whitehead Lisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo (i) determine prevalence of distress among caregivers of people living with cancer, (ii) describe caregivers’ most commonly reported problems and (iii) investigate which factors were associated with caregivers’ distress.BackgroundThe psychological distress associated with a cancer diagnosis jointly impacts those living with cancer and their caregivers(s). As the provision of clinical support moves towards a dyadic model, understanding the factors associated with caregivers’ distress is increasingly important.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsDistress screening data were analysed for 956 caregivers (family and friends) of cancer patients accessing the Cancer Council Western Australia information and support line between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. These data included caregivers' demographics and reported problems and their level of distress. Information related to their care recipient's cancer diagnosis was also captured. Caregivers' reported problems and levels of distress were measured using the distress thermometer and accompanying problem list (PL) developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. A partial‐proportional logistic regression model was used to investigate which demographic factors and PL items were associated with increasing levels of caregiver distress. Pearlin's model of caregiving and stress process was used as a framework for discussion. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was followed.ResultsNearly all caregivers (96.24%) recorded a clinically significant level of distress (≥4/10) and two thirds (66.74%) as severely distressed (≥7/10). Being female, self‐reporting sadness, a loss of interest in usual activities, sleep problems or problems with a partner or children were all significantly associated with increased levels of distress.ConclusionsCaregivers of people with cancer reporting emotional or familial problems may be at greater risk of moderate and severe distress.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAwareness and recognition of caregiver distress are vital, and referral pathways for caregivers are the important area of development.
Late to Recessions: Stocks and the Business Cycle
Authors: GÓMEZ‐CRAM ROBERTO 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTI find that returns are predictably negative for several months after the onset of recessions, becoming high only thereafter. I identify business cycle turning points by estimating a state‐space model using macroeconomic data. Conditioning on the business cycle further reveals that returns exhibit momentum in recessions, whereas in expansions they display the mild reversals expected from discount rate changes. A strategy exploiting this pattern produces positive alphas. Using analyst forecast data, I show that my findings are consistent with investors' slow reaction to recessions. When expected returns are negative, analysts are too optimistic and their downward expectation revisions are exceptionally high.
I See Faces! A Review on Face Perception and Attractiveness with a Prosthodontic Peek at Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Al Hamad Khaled Q. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA human face contains a wealth of information about an individual, with which an observer can instinctively make a judgment on the attractiveness of the face. However, despite the profuse literature on facial and smile attractiveness, their origins, determinants, and perceptions remain controversial. The axiom in face processing research is that a face is perceived as an amalgamation of its features, and is referred to as “whole” or “holistic” perception. It is pertinent to the clinician involved in the provision of esthetic restorations to understand this holistic process of face recognition and perception of smile attractiveness. This review paper addresses face recognition and perception of attractiveness by reviewing the holistic perception of faces, including the multidimensional face‐space model, and also reviews the smile and facial attractiveness according to the average, multiple motive, and secondary sex characteristics theories.
Adolescents’ own and parental expectations for cross‐group friendship in the context of societal inequalities
Authors: Grütter Jeanine , Dhakal Sandesh , Killen Melanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated adolescents’ expectations about friendships between peers from different socioeconomic status (SES) in Nepal. Overall, Nepalese adolescents (N = 389, Mage = 14.08; grades: 7–10) attributed more negative intentions to high‐SES than to low‐SES peers and expected that parents of high‐SES targets would disapprove of cross‐group friendships, referencing social hierarchies and reputation. Expectation about parents of low‐SES targets were that they would support cross‐SES friendships, citing moral concerns and social mobility. Thus, adolescents were aware of systemic reasons that underlie SES biases. Given that low‐SES adolescents often suffer when excluded from peer experiences, these findings indicate that ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) parental strategies could include protecting children from experiences related to SES inequalities and a lack of social mobility as well as experiences of discrimination.
Clinical, computed tomographic, surgical findings and outcome in dogs with sublumbar abscessation: 16 cases (2013‐2019)
Authors: Jacques D. , Meige F. , Thierry F. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, CT imaging findings, surgical treatment and long‐term outcome in dogs with sublumbar abscessation.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs treated for sublumbar abscessation between 2013 and 2019 were retrieved. Criteria for inclusion were a diagnosis of sublumbar abscessation, complete patient history, pre‐operative CT imaging, blood work, bacteriology results, record of the surgical treatment, post‐operative care and outcome.ResultsSixteen dogs were included in this study with a median follow‐up period of 36 months (15/16). Clinicals signs included flank or lumbar soft tissue swelling (12/16), lumbar pain (11/16), hyperthermia (8/16), a cutaneous discharging sinus (5/16) and lethargy (5/16). CT findings were: abscesses of varying size localised in the psoas muscles (16/16), spondylitis (12/16), vertebral osteomyelitis (6/16), discospondylitis (2/16) and epidural inflammation (8/16). Thoracic lesions were present in eight of 12 dogs. Exploratory surgery was performed in 16 dogs via a midline celiotomy in 15 of 16 and a lateral approach in one of 16 cases. The surgical approach was selected based on the location of the draining tracts detected on CT imaging. Vertebral body curettage was performed in five of 16 cases with lesions identified on CT. Vegetal foreign material was found in seven of 16 dogs. Of the 15 animals with long‐term follow‐up, 13 had no signs of recurrence.Clinical SignificanceSurgical treatment of sublumbar abscessation resulted in a good long‐term outcome when CT was used to guide the surgical approach and to plan the procedure. Our study highlights common vertebral and epidural lesions associated with sublumbar abscesses with a prevalence of 87.5%.
Fibrin clot quality in acutely ill cirrhosis patients: Relation with outcome and improvement with coagulation factor concentrates
Authors: Blasi Annabel , Patel Vishal C. , Spanke Eva N. H. E. , Adelmeijer Jelle , Stamouli Marilena , Zamalloa Ane , Corcoran Eleanor , Calvo Andrea , Fernandez Javier , Bernal William , Lisman Ton 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with liver disease may acquire substantial changes in their hemostatic system, which are most pronounced in patients who are critically ill. Changes in the quality of the fibrin clot in critically ill patients have not been studied in detail. Here we assessed markers of fibrin clot quality and effects of coagulation factor concentrates in patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodsWe measured plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor XIII, prothrombin and performed thrombin generation assays in 52 AD patients, 58 ACLF patients and 40 controls. In addition, we examined the effects of coagulation factor concentrates on functional assays of fibrin quality.ResultsWe found increased thrombin generating capacity in both AD and ACLF in comparison with healthy controls. Plasma levels of prothrombin, fibrinogen, and factor XIII were lower in patients compared to controls, appeared lower in ACLF compared to AD patients, and were related to clinical outcomes. Fibrinogen concentrate, but not factor XIII or prothrombin complex concentrate, improved clot quality in vitro. Prothrombin complex concentrate increased the resistance of the clot to break down.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated elevated thrombin generation but decreased plasma levels of prothrombin, fibrinogen and FXIII in acutely ill patients with cirrhosis. In addition, we showed that fibrinogen concentrate and PCCs, but not factor XIII concentrate, improve clot properties in patient plasma. Whether there is true clinical benefit from coagulation factor concentrates in prevention or treatment of bleeding requires further study.Lay summaryPatients with liver diseases are at risk of bleeding, but mechanisms involved in this bleeding risk are incompletely understood. We studied components that determine the stability of the blood clot and found that concentrations of certain proteins involved in clot stability are present in low levels in acutely ill patients with liver disease. We furthermore demonstrated that some clinically available drugs improve the stability of blood clots from these patients in a test tube.