bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of surgical site infection post-open reduction and internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Shen Jie , Sun Dong , Fu Jingshu , Wang Shulin , Wang Xiaohua , Xie Zhao 
Published: July 2021

Aims In contrast to operations performed for other fractures, there is a high incidence rate of surgical site infection (SSI) post-open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) done for tibial plateau fractures (TPFs). This study investigates the effect of induced membrane technique combined with internal fixation for managing SSI in TPF patients who underwent ORIF. Methods From April 2013 to May 2017, 46 consecutive patients with SSI post-ORIF for TPFs were managed in our centre with an induced membrane technique. Of these, 35 patients were included for this study, with data analyzed in a retrospective manner. Results All participants were monitored for a mean of 36 months (24 to 62). None were subjected to amputations. A total of 21 patients underwent two-stage surgeries (Group A), with 14 patients who did not receive second-stage surgery (Group B). Group A did not experience infection recurrence, and no implant or cement spacer loosening was noted in Group B for at least 24 months of follow-up. No significant difference was noted in the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) between the two groups. The clinical healing time was significantly shorter in Group B (p＜0.001). Those with longer duration of infection had poorer functional status (p＜0.001). Conclusion Management of SSI post-ORIF for TPF with induced membrane technique combined with internal fixation represents a feasible mode of treatment with satisfactory outcomes in terms of infection control and functional recovery. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):380–387.
Basic Human Values and Attitudes Towards a Universal Basic Income in Europe
Authors: Choi Gwangeun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study contributes to the emerging literature on public opinion on a universal basic income (UBI) not only by investigating the role of basic human values in influencing support for UBI but also by examining the moderating role of welfare state development in the association between basic human values and UBI support. Using the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 8 in 2016, which has an item asking whether to support UBI and the 21-item measure of human values that is based on the Schwartz theory of basic human values, the results show that individual universalism that is a self-transcendence value is positively and significantly associated with support for UBI, while the other self-transcendence value, benevolence, has a negative relationship with that; the two self-enhancement values, power and achievement, are positively linked to support for UBI. Additionally, in advanced welfare states, people who are more inclined towards individual universalism are more likely to support UBI; by contrast, in underdeveloped welfare states, this relationship is not apparent.
A morphological classification of the fat particles found in the urinary sediment of patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Fogazzi Giovanni B. , Garigali Giuseppe , Pieruzzi Federico , Corbelli Alessandro , Fiordaliso Fabio , Consonni Dario , Messa Piergiorgio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The search in the urinary sediment (U-sed) of fat particles with peculiar morphology is a simple and inexpensive tool for the diagnosis of Fabry disease (FD) nephropathy. In this study we investigated the morphology of a high number of such fat particles with the aim to obtain a morphological classification to be used for their identification.

Methods
Study of the morphology of fat particles in the U-sed of a cohort of FD patients using: bright field plus phase contrast microscopy (BF + PC), polarized light microscopy (POL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Comparison of these results with those obtained for the fat particles seen in the U-sed of a control group (CG) of patients with non-FD glomerulopathies.

Results
FD: 18 U-sed from six patients (three samples/patient) were prospectively investigated and 506 fat particles identified. With BF + PC, these were classified in eight morphological categories (seven of which were confirmed by TEM), and with POL in 10 others. CG: eight U-sed from eight patients were investigated and 281 fat particles identified. These fell into four BF + PC morphological categories and into eight POL categories. While some categories were significantly more frequent in FD others were more frequent in the CG.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that 1. The morphology of fat particles found in the U-sed of FD patients is much wider and complex than that described so far 2. Several significant differences exist in the morphology of such fat particles between FD and CG patients.
Diagnostic algorithms for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: open issues
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Aimo Alberto , Zaninotto Martina , Plebani Mario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of serial measurement of cardiac troponin (cTn) is recommended by international guidelines for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) since 2000. This article focuses on factors influencing temporal changes in high-sensitive cTn (hs)-cTn and the impact of these factors on the diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). The recommendations proposed by three different international guidelines published in 2020–2021 for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE) show some discrepancies. In particular, there is no agreement among these guidelines about cut-off or absolute change values to be used for the rule-in, especially regarding the use of sex-specific cut-off values. Furthermore, there are no sufficient evidences on the diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness related to cut-off values suggested for algorithms to be used by some hs-cTnI methods.
Broaden the Pathway to Inclusive Entrepreneurship: A Transaction Cost Proposition
Authors: Du Jian , Lu Jie , Jiang Yanbing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since entrepreneurship was conceptualised as a panacea for achieving inclusive growth in the “base of the pyramid” (BoP) regions, various ways have been explored to leverage this powerful tool, such as helping potential entrepreneurs build the resource base and capabilities. However, given the severe resources constraints in the BoP regions, such a goal is difficult to achieve. Besides, due to the high demands on personal competence, only a few people can benefit from this method, which fails to solve the problem of social exclusion in the BoP regions. Therefore, we aim to find a better way to leverage entrepreneurship to tackle the problem of the BoP regions by calling for more attention to the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship. Based on data of inclusive entrepreneurs in Zhejiang, China, we construct a three-stage model for inclusive entrepreneurship. We also apply Transaction Cost Economics to look for determinants that foster inclusive entrepreneurship and validate our main assertion that decreasing transaction cost significantly helps to increase the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship, and different phases of inclusive entrepreneurship (i.e., opportunity inclusiveness, participation inclusiveness, and sharing inclusiveness) are influenced by different sets of determinants of transaction costs.
Grausamkeiten in Grimms

Kinder- und Hausmärchen
Authors: Soo Kim Yeon 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht den kulturellen und kolonialistischen Kontext, aus denen heraus Grimms Märchen in den 1920er Jahren in Korea übersetzt wurden. Es wird gezeigt, wie und inwiefern diese Übersetzungen der Strategie folgten, die japanische Kolonialherrschaft anzuklagen und sich zugleich der kulturellen Eigenständigkeit Koreas zu versichern. Der Fokus richtet sich auf grausame Szenen in Grimms Märchen, die einerseits wortgetreu, andererseits abmildernd übersetzt wurden. Dabei spielte die erste Richtung auf Grausamkeiten der Kolonialmacht an und pointierte die Bestrafung des Bösen, die zweite setzte mehr auf die Erziehung von Kindern und Jugendlichen als den Hoffnungsträgern für die Zukunft der Nation. Damit folgten koreanische Übersetzer wie Choi Nam Seon und Bang Jeong Hwan nicht zuletzt Intentionen, wie sie die Brüder Grimm unter napoleonischer Herrschaft in Deutschland vertreten hatten.
First trimester screening with biochemical markers and ultrasound in relation to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
Authors: Scharf Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is often erroneously received as a diagnostic procedure due to its high discriminatory power in the field of fetal trisomy 21 diagnosis (wording: “NIPT replaces amniocentesis”). Already a look at the methodology of NIPT (statistical gene dose comparison of a primarily maternofetal DNA mixture information at selected sites of the genome) easily reveals that NIPT cannot match the gold standard offered by cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis procedures from the matrix of the entire human genome (origin: vital fetal cells), neither in diagnostic breadth nor in diagnostic depth. In fact, NIPT in fetal medicine in its current stage of development is a selective genetic search procedure, which can be applied in primary (without indication) or secondary (indication-related) screening. Thus, NIPT competes with established search procedures for this field. Here, the combined nuchal translucency (NT) test according to Nicolaides has become the worldwide standard since 2000. The strength of this procedure is its broad predictive power: NT addresses not only the area of genetics, but also the statistically 10 times more frequent structural fetal defects. Thus, NIPT and NT have large overlaps with each other in the field of classical cytogenetics, with slightly different weighting in the fine consideration. However, NIPT without a systematic accompanying ultrasound examination would mean a step back to the prenatal care level of the 1980s. In this respect, additional fine ultrasound should always be required in the professional application of NIPT. NIPT can thus complement NT in wide areas, but not completely replace it.
Isolation and characterization of chemical constituents from Chaerophyllum bulbosum roots and their enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant effects
Authors: Tel-Çayan Gülsen , Deveci Ebru , Molo Zeynep , Duru Mehmet Emin , Öztürk Mehmet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Isolation and bioactive effects of the roots of Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. were firstly investigated herein. Enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibitory effects of C. bulbosum root extracts were tested. Three known compounds, n-heptadecanyl eicosanoate (1), stigmasterol (2), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from C. bulbosum. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of isolated compounds were investigated. The hexane extract (IC50: 349.58 ± 0.06 μg/mL) displayed a higher α-glucosidase inhibitory effect than the standard (IC50: 378.66 ± 0.14 μg/mL). The best inhibitory effect was found in compound 2 on AChE (46.40 ± 0.31%), BChE (56.41 ± 0.54%), and urease (92.47 ± 0.11%); compound 1 on α-amylase (22.27 ± 0.61%); and compound 3 on α-glucosidase (12.43 ± 0.25%) and tyrosinase (19.00 ± 0.16%). All isolated compounds showed moderate antioxidant effects in all assays. This study contributes to the therapeutic uses of Chaerophyllum roots and emphasizes the value of C. bulbosum species for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Lithuanian Catechism for Rural Schools (1795). Circumstances of its Compilation
Authors: Sidabraitė Žavinta 
Published: July 2021

Researchers constantly add new items to the bibliography of Lithuanian publications published in East Prussia in the last decade of the 18th century. The initiatives of publishing in local languages of that period were driven by the reforms of the Church and schools carried out by the Prussian authorities while the Enlightenment was coming to an end and the ideo­logy of regional particularism was continuously growing in the country. As can be seen from newly discovered archival documents and already recorded bibliographic information, at least four publications dedicated for primary Christian education were published in Prussia in 1795, namely, the New Testament, the psalm book, the semi-secular reading textbook The Friend of Children (Kūdikių prietelius), and the catechism for rural schools. The editions of the New Testament and Kūdikių prietelius are recorded in the Lithuanian bibliography, however, nothing has been known about the mentioned editions of the psalm book and the catechism so far. The circumstances of their publishing are analysed in the article.
Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota
Authors: Szabó József , Maróti Gergely , Solymosi Norbert , Andrásofszky Emese , Tuboly Tamás , Bersényi András , Bruckner Geza , Hullár István 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (–41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (–25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (–9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
Political Marketing of Stream by Candidates through Facebook in the 2018 Regional Election of East Java
Authors: Hidayah Arina Rohmatul 
Published: July 2021

Previous researches on political marketing found several gaps in terms of content and essence as a process of political exchange and interaction. Based on this, the researcher aims to actualize the essence of the basic theory or concept of political marketing into the 2018 regional election of East Java through the use of social media as an interactive media. For the content aspect, researcher selected political stream as a society cultural system. It considered as one of the determining aspects for voter preferences, especially in East Java. Qualitative approach with the content analysis method conducted for this research by applying political marketing theories and the political stream concepts from Clifford Geertz. The result of this research revealed that political stream also revolves around the political elite. Each candidate tries to display some stream characteristics that are considered familiar by the public to increase redundancy or message certainty. In this case, Gus Ipul-Puti is considered to be stronger and more varied than Khofifah-Emil. However, from public reaction, not all of the political streams conveyed can be clearly captured by the users. This occurred because there are some cultural differences between the message sender and it’s receiver. Nevertheless, the implications of this research can be used as a benchmark of how to utilize political stream effectively in order to get a positive response from the public. Then, it also can be literacy medium to recognize the cultural symbols raised in political contestation in Indonesia.
Control of The Spread of TB-HIV/AIDS Coinfection Using Optimal Control
Authors: Monita Yuyun , Keumala Intan Putroue 
Published: July 2021

The condition in which an individual is affected by TB and HIV/AIDS in his body is called a TB-HIV/AIDS coinfection. This research aims to minimize the populations of TB-HIV/AIDS coinfection with a minimum expenditure on medical expenses, that means minimizing the objective’s function ( ) or purpose function. In this research, modification of the model was carried out by adding the treatment population for HIV patients with ARV ( ). The population used was 11 classes with the use of three controls including treatment for individuals with latent TB ( ), active TB ( ), and HIV ( ). After performing numerical simulation using the forward backward fourth order Runge-Kutta, the results show that scenario 7 is the best scenario in controlling the spread of TB-HIV/AIDS coinfection because it resulted a minimum value of 1401,44. This means that providing the treatment for individuals with latent TB, active TB, and HIV in tandem can reduce the populations of TB-HIV/AIDS coinfection in the minimum treatment cost.
Avaliação do potencial alelopático e fitotoxicidade de Hymenaea stigonocarpa em espécies invasoras e cultivadas
Authors: Motta Grossi Sophia , Mendes Gomes Magalhães Natália , C. Caldas Oliveira Sarah , Stefânia Gomes Anabele , Borghetti Fabian 
Published: July 2021

O Cerrado é um hotspot mundial de biodiversidade e vem sofrendo com a expansão das áreas destinadas produção de commodities. Mais da metade de sua área foi desmatada ou transformada por ação antrópica, incluindo a introdução e/ou expansão de plantas oportunistas. Atualmente, inúmeras espécies se tornaram invasoras de ambientes naturais do bioma. Buscando mitigar este processo invasivo, a utilização de espécies nativas que inibam o desenvolvimento das plantas invasoras e ao mesmo tempo favoreçam a biodiversidade nativa representa uma estratégia promissora. Dessa forma, este estudo avaliou o potencial alelopático da rizosfera de plântulas de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado) na germinação e crescimento inicial das espécies invasoras, Megathyrsus maximus e Ipomoea triloba, e da cultivada, Sesamum indicum, plantadas em solo previamente ocupado por plântulas de jatobá-do-cerrado. Ademais, avaliou-se o efeito fitotóxico do extrato aquoso de suas raí­zes em coleóptilos de Triticum aestivum, usando o percentual de inibição do seu crescimento. As espécies alvo plantadas em solo previamente ocupado por plântulas de jatobá-do-cerrado apresentaram inibição significativa do crescimento em comparação ao controle. A inibição do crescimento de S. indicum foi de 31% da parte aérea e de 48% da radicular; enquanto M. maximum teve inibição de 41 e 84%, respectivamente. Já I. triloba não germinou. Contudo, não se observou alteração significativa do alongamento dos coleóptilos de T. aestivum expostos ao extrato de jatobá-do-cerrado. Os resultados obtidos sugerem potencial atividade alelopática desta nativa sobre plantas daninhas, indicando seu uso como estratégia em processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas do Cerrado com o benefí­cio de controlar o desenvolvimento de invasoras.
Metaphors of the Law: from "the Light" to "the Flame"
Authors: Isaev I. A. 
Published: July 2021

The paper highlights the main stages of the formation of such a philological and legal phenomenon as a metaphor. From ancient times to the present time, the "metaphorical imperative" has determined the most important aspects of the emerging legal reality. The transfer of meanings in jurisprudence took the form of analogy and the objective influence of symbolization and virtual legal structures.Metaphors were also considered as factors of the formation of legal theories acting as some kind of "preforms". Metaphors did not perceive existing similarities, but they themselves created them. This was their significance as "demiurg tools". Therefore, metaphorical expression produced effects rather than meanings, but meanings leading to change. The birth of a new legal meaning was largely spontaneous and unpredictable: it is known that law enforcement sometimes differs from the original intention of the lawmaker and legislator. For the precise establishment of the content of the law, legal knowledge of its original meaning is also necessary. The hermeneutic problem is to bridge the gap between the law and the incident. A change in the social or political situation should not determine the current law to obsolescence: the inherent irrational elasticity of a legal idea provides a field of action.There are also "resonating" metaphors that induce a large number of implications, stimulating new interpretations that reveal hidden implications. Thus, a certain loss of meaning inevitably takes place.The paper clarifies: in the history of law, the metaphor has gone from mythological and traditional ideas to modern legal fiction and "simulacrum".