bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity cement in the treatment of severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Ji Changbin , Luo Dawei , Zhang Wen , Feng Hongyong , Yang Keshi , Xu Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) were considered as relative or even absolute contraindication for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty and these relevant reports are very limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of vertebroplasty with high-viscosity cement and conventional kyphoplasty in managing severe OVCFs. 37 patients of severe OVCFs experiencing vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty were reviewed and divided into two groups, according to the procedural technique, 18 in high-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty (hPVP) group and 19 in conventional percutaneous kyphoplasty (cPKP) group. The operative time, and injected bone cement volume were recorded. Anterior vertebral height (AVH), Cobb angle and cement leakage were also evaluated in the radiograph. The rate of cement leakage was lower in hPVP group, compared with cPKP group (16.7% vs 47.4%, P = 0.046). The patients in cPKP group achieved more improvement in AVH and Cobb angle than those in hPVP group postoperatively (37.2 ± 7.9% vs 43.0 ± 8.9% for AVH, P = 0.044; 15.5 ± 4.7 vs 12.7 ± 3.3, for Cobb angle, P = 0.042). At one year postoperatively, there was difference observed in AVH between two groups (34.1 ± 7.4 vs 40.5 ± 8.7 for hPVP and cPKP groups, P = 0.021), but no difference was found in Cobb angle (16.6 ± 5.0 vs 13.8 ± 3.8, P = 0.068). Similar cement volume was injected in two groups (2.9 ± 0.5 ml vs 2.8 ± 0.6 ml, P = 0.511). However, the operative time was 37.8 ± 6.8 min in the hPVP group, which was shorter than that in the cPKP group (43.8 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.021). In conclusion, conventional PKP achieved better in restoring anterior vertebral height and improving kyphotic angle, but PVP with high-viscosity cement had lower rate of cement leakage and shorter operative time with similar volume of injected cement.
Flavor and product messaging are the two most important drivers of electronic cigarette selection in a choice-based task
Authors: Baker Allison N. , Wilson Stephen J. , Hayes John E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectronic cigarette use—vaping—is increasingly popular. Various product factors may influence an individual’s choice of e-cigarette. To provide an evidence base for e-cigarette regulation, a better understanding of the role different product attributes play in product preferences is needed. Here, we used conjoint analysis to quantify different factors that influence e-cigarettes choices, including flavors, nicotine level, customizability, or use of e-cigarettes to manage appetite/food craving. Young adults completed a set of choice-based conjoint tasks online. Choice Based Conjoint analysis (CBC) was used to determine utility scores for each attribute. Young adults (n = 587) who vaped at least once per week were included in analyses; gender differences were explored. Flavor was the most important attribute (48.1%), followed by product messaging (21.0%) and nicotine level (15.3%). Within flavor, confectionery and fruit flavors had the highest utility scores, while classic menthol and tobacco flavors had the lowest. Men and women differed in flavors, nicotine levels, and product messaging that appealed most. Among young adults who vape weekly, flavor is the most important factor in e-cigarette preferences. Gender also factors into e-cigarette preferences, especially for preferred nicotine level. Understanding why individuals choose particular e-cigarette products will help inform public health efforts and policy making.
RANKL/OPG ratio regulates odontoclastogenesis in damaged dental pulp
Authors: Nishida Daisuke , Arai Atsushi , Zhao Lijuan , Yang Mengyu , Nakamichi Yuko , Horibe Kanji , Hosoya Akihiro , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Mizoguchi Toshihide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBone-resorbing osteoclasts are regulated by the relative ratio of the differentiation factor, receptor activator NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Dental tissue-localized-resorbing cells called odontoclasts have regulatory factors considered as identical to those of osteoclasts; however, it is still unclear whether the RANKL/OPG ratio is a key factor for odontoclast regulation in dental pulp. Here, we showed that odontoclast regulators, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1, RANKL, and OPG were detectable in mouse pulp of molars, but OPG was dominantly expressed. High OPG expression was expected to have a negative regulatory effect on odontoclastogenesis; however, odontoclasts were not detected in the dental pulp of OPG-deficient (KO) mice. In contrast, damage induced odontoclast-like cells were seen in wild-type pulp tissues, with their number significantly increased in OPG-KO mice. Relative ratio of RANKL/OPG in the damaged pulp was significantly higher than in undamaged control pulp. Pulp damages enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1α and -2α, reported to increase RANKL or decrease OPG. These results reveal that the relative ratio of RANKL/OPG is significant to pulpal odontoclastogenesis, and that OPG expression is not required for maintenance of pulp homeostasis, but protects pulp from odontoclastogenesis caused by damages.
Number Dissimilarity Effects in Object-Initial Sentence Comprehension by German-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Stegenwallner-Schütz Maja , Adani Flavia 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study examines the contribution of number morphology to language comprehension abilities among children with specific language impairment (SLI) and age-matched controls. It addresses the question of whether number agreement facilitates the comprehension accuracy of object-initial declarative sentences. According to the predictions of the structural intervention account for German, number agreement should assist the correct interpretation of object-initial sentences.

Method
This study examines German-speaking children with SLI and a control group of age-matched typically developing children on their sentence comprehension skills for auditory presented subject–verb–object and object–verb–subject (OVS) sentences. The sentences were manipulated with respect to the number properties of the noun phrases (e.g., one plural and one singular, or both singular) and the number agreement of the verb.

Results
The group of children with SLI demonstrated poorer comprehension accuracy in comparison to controls. Comprehension difficulty was limited to OVS sentences among children with SLI. In addition, children with SLI comprehended OVS sentences in which number agreement (with plural subject and verb inflection) indicated the noncanonical word order more accurately than OVS sentences with two singular noun phrases and therein did not differ from controls.

Conclusion
The study suggests that number agreement helps alleviate the difficulty with OVS sentences and enhances comprehension accuracy, despite the finding that children with SLI exhibit lower comprehension accuracy and more heterogeneous interindividual differences, relative to controls.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13718029
Speech Perception and Language Outcomes for Infants Receiving Cochlear Implants Before or After 9 Months of Age: Use of Category-Based Aggregation of Data in an Unselected Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Dettman Shani , Choo Dawn , Au Agnes , Luu Amy , Dowell Richard 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis retrospective study aimed to amass large data sets to enable statistical comparisons of communication outcomes for infants receiving cochlear implants (CIs) before 9 months of age compared to groups who received their first CI between 9 months and 3.5 years of age.MethodSpeech perception scores and experienced clinicians' observations were used to refine the Categories of Auditory Performance Index (CAPI), thus creating its revised version, namely, the CAPI-Revised (CAPI-R). Standardized and criterion-referenced language data were used to create the novel Categories of Linguistic Performance (CLIP). The association between CAPI-R and CLIP data at two time points post implant (at 2 years of device experience and at 5 years of age) was examined in a large unselected cohort stratified for age at first implant: before 9 months (Group 1), between 9 and 12 months (Group 2), between 13 and 18 months (Group 3), between 19 and 24 months (Group 4), between 25 and 30 months (Group 5), between 31 and 36 months (Group 6), and between 37 and 42 months (Group 7).ResultsCAPI-R medians were 5 at 2 years of device experience, and 6 at 5 years of age. At 2 years of device experience, there was no significant difference in CAPI-R medians for children who received their first CI before 9 months compared to all other age-at-implant groups. At 5 years of age, a significantly better CAPI-R median was demonstrated by Group 1 (CI before 9 months) compared to Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7. CLIP medians were 3 at 2 years of device experience, and at 5 years of age. At 2 years device experience, and at 5 years of age, the Group 1 CLIP medians were significantly better than later age-at-implant groups.ConclusionMedian CAPI-R outcomes supported access to CIs before 18 months of age for speech perception, and median CLIP outcomes supported access to CIs before 9 months of age for optimum language development.
A scheduling algorithm based on downlink performance for full‐duplex MU‐MIMO systems
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Zou Ming , Ma Jinghuan , Wei Lai , Jiao Bingli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA full‐duplex (FD) multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) system, where a FD base station (BS) with multiple antennas serves multiple half‐duplex (HD) user equipments (UEs) in both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) via the same time‐frequency resources, is considered. UE scheduling is in demand to manage the UL‐to‐DL interference (UDI) incurred by the FD operation. Existing scheduling algorithms require UDI channel state information between each pair of the candidate UEs, which incurs a significant amount of overhead as the number of UEs grows. To reduce the overhead, a new UE scheduling algorithm that uses channel reciprocity and UL‐DL duality to design a scheduling algorithm based on downlink performance was designed. By selecting UEs only based on their DL channels and received UDI strength, the proposed scheme no longer requires the massive UDI channel state information (CSI). Numerical results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can achieve a near optimal performance without knowing any UDI CSI.
Patients Are Knowledge Workers in the Clinical Information Space
Authors: Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Patterson Emily S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Limited research exists on patient knowledge/cognition or “getting inside patients' heads.” Because patients possess unique and privileged knowledge, clinicians need this information to make patient-centered and coordinated treatment planning decisions. To achieve patient-centered care, we characterize patient knowledge and contributions to the clinical information space.
Methods and Objectives In a theoretical overview, we explore the relevance of patient knowledge to care provision, apply historical perspectives of knowledge acquisition to patient knowledge, propose a representation of patient knowledge types across the continuum of care, and include illustrative vignettes about Mr. Jones. We highlight how the field of human factors (a core competency of health informatics) provides a perspective and methods for eliciting and characterizing patient knowledge.
Conclusion Patients play a vital role in the clinical information space by possessing and sharing unique knowledge relevant to the clinical picture. Without a patient's contributions, the clinical picture of the patient is incomplete. A human factors perspective informs patient-centered care and health information technology solutions to support clinical information sharing.
Distinct clinical characteristics of pediatric Behçet’s syndrome: A study from a referral center in China
Authors: Zou Jun , Luo Jian-feng , Shen Yan , Guan Jian-Long 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the clinical features and patterns of phenotype aggregation in pediatric Behçet’s syndrome (BS) in a tertiary center in China.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive BS patients in Huadong Hospital, Fudan University between September 2012 and January 2020. Pediatric BS was defined as diagnosed before 16 years old. We compared clinical variables between pediatric and adult patients. We calculate relative risks (RRs) of clinical variables according to sex. Moreover, a hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken according to 29 clinical variables to determine homogeneous subgroups.

Results
From 1596 consecutive BS cases, we identified 69 pediatric BS. Compared with adult-diagnosed BS, pediatric-diagnosed patients had a higher frequency of folliculitis [RR 1.57 (95% CI 1.12, 2.20)], a lower frequency of arthralgia [RR 0.15 (95% CI 0.02, 1.07)] and panuveitis [RR 0.43 (95% CI 0.18, 1.03)], no cardiac lesion. There was an association between male and arterial thrombosis or aneurysms (p = .006). A cluster analysis stratified three sub-clusters (C1–C3): C1 (n = 30) showed a disease type merely affecting skin and mucosa. C2 (n = 20) represented the gastrointestinal type; most patients presented with intestinal involvement, and two cases with esophageal ulcers. In C3 (n = 19), showing a mixture of uveitis, vascular and central nervous system (CNS) involvement, six patients presented with uveitis and nine had vascular lesions, and three cases had CNS lesions.

Conclusion
We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis in a cohort of pediatric patients with BS in China. Less ocular involvement and no cardiac lesions were observed in childhood-diagnosed patients. For the first time, three distinct phenotype subgroups in pediatric-diagnosed patients were identified by cluster analysis.Key messagesThis study demonstrated the phenotype discrepancy between childhood and adult-diagnosed BS.Three distinct clusters were identified, with skin-mucosa, gastrointestinal, panuveitis, vascular and CNS subgroups.
Leisure‐time exercise is associated with lower depressive symptoms in community dwelling adults
Authors: Aguilar Beatriz A. S. , Tebar William R. , Silva Stefany C. B. , Gomes Leonardo Q. , Damato Tatiana M. M. , Mota Jorge , Werneck André O. , Christofaro Diego G. D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTPhysical activity has been associated with enhanced mental health among adults. However, it is not clear in the literature which domains (occupational, transport and leisure‐time exercise) and intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate‐to‐vigorous) of activity provide the greatest benefits. The aim of the present study was to describe the association of different domains and intensities of physical activity with depressive symptoms in adults. This was a cross‐sectional observational study conducted among 209 adults (≥18 years) in Brazil. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the HADS questionnaire (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Physical activity intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate‐to‐vigorous) were device‐measured by accelerometry. Physical activity in different domains (occupational, transport, and leisure‐time exercise) was self‐reported using a questionnaire. Chronological age, ethnicity, body mass index, highest academic achievement, employment status, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, chronic morbidity and soft‐drink ingestion were adopted as adjustment confounding factors. Linear regression analysis revealed that total self‐reported physical activity [β = –0.100 (95%CI: –0.180 to –0.019)] and leisure‐time exercise [β = –0.311 (95%CI: –0.468 to –0.155)] were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, but only leisure‐time exercise remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors [β = –0.243 (95%CI: –0.409 to –0.076)]. Thus, leisure‐time exercise was cross‐sectionally associated with lower depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling adults.
Highlights
Leisure‐time physical activity was the only physical activity domain associated with lower depressive symptoms.
This association appears to be independent of potential confounders.
Potential interventions should focus on leisure‐time domain.
Electron dynamics in radio frequency magnetron sputtering argon discharges with a dielectric target
Authors: Zheng Bocong , Fu Yangyang , Wang Keliang , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a self-consistent and complete description of electron dynamics in a typical electropositive radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) argon discharge with a dielectric target. The electron dynamics, including the electron power absorption dynamics in one radio frequency (RF) period, is studied via a fully kinetic 2d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) electrostatic simulation. The interplay between the fundamental plasma parameters is analyzed through their spatiotemporal dynamics. Due to the influence of magnetic trap on the electron transport, a spatially dependent charging that perturbs the electric potential is observed on the dielectric target surface, resulting in a spatially dependent ion energy distribution along the target surface. The
E
×
B
drift-to-discharge current ratio is in approximate agreement with Bohm diffusion. The electron power absorption can be primarily decoupled into the positive Ohmic power absorption in the bulk plasma region and the negative pressure-induced power absorption near the target surface. Ohmic power absorption is the dominant electron power absorption mechanism, mostly contributed by the azimuthal electron current. The power absorption due to electron inertial effects is negligible on time-average. Both the maximum power absorption and dissipation of electrons appear in the bulk plasma region during the second half of the RF period, implying a strong electron trapping in magnetron discharges. The contribution of secondary electrons is negligible under typical RFMS discharge conditions.
Radiofrequency spectroscopy of one-dimensional trapped Bose polarons: crossover from the adiabatic to the diabatic regime
Authors: Mistakidis S I , Koutentakis G M , Grusdt F , Sadeghpour H R , Schmelcher P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the crossover of the impurity-induced dynamics, in trapped one-dimensional Bose polarons subject to radio frequency (RF) pulses of varying intensity, from an adiabatic to a diabatic regime. Utilizing adiabatic pulses for either weak repulsive or attractive impurity-medium interactions, a multitude of polaronic excitations or mode-couplings of the impurity-bath interaction with the collective breathing motion of the bosonic medium are spectrally resolved. We find that for strongly repulsive impurity-bath interactions, a temporal orthogonality catastrophe manifests in resonances in the excitation spectra where impurity coherence vanishes. When two impurities are introduced, impurity–impurity correlations, for either attractive or strong repulsive couplings, induce a spectral shift of the resonances with respect to the single impurity. For a heavy impurity, the polaronic peak is accompanied by a series of equidistant side-band resonances, related to interference of the impurity spin dynamics and the sound waves of the bath. In all cases, we enter the diabatic transfer regime for an increasing bare Rabi frequency of the RF field with a Lorentzian spectral shape featuring a single polaronic resonance. The findings in this work on the effects of external trap, RF pulse and impurity–impurity interaction should have implications for the new generations of cold-atom experiments.
Viscocapillary instability in cellular spheroids
Authors: Martin Matthieu , Risler Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We describe a viscocapillary instability that can perturb the spherical symmetry of cellular aggregates in culture, also called multicellular spheroids. In the condition where the cells constituting the spheroid get their necessary metabolites from the immediate, outer microenvironment, a permanent cell flow exists within the spheroid from its outer rim where cells divide towards its core where they die. A perturbation of the spherical symmetry induces viscous shear stresses within the tissue that can destabilise the aggregate. The proposed instability is viscocapillary in nature and does not rely on external heterogeneities, such as a pre-existing pattern of blood vessels or the presence of a substrate on which the cells can exert pulling forces. It arises for sufficiently large cell–cell adhesion strengths, cell-renewal rates, and metabolite supplies, as described by our model parameters. Since multicellular spheroids in culture are good model systems of small, avascular tumours, mimicking the metabolite concentration gradients found in vivo, we can speculate that our description applies to microtumour instabilities in cancer progression.
Rotation and oscillation of gap vortex solitons in optically induced square photonic lattices with a self-focusing nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Xiaoxu , Qin Yali , Ji Kailai , Hu Yingtian , Ren Hongliang , Zheng Huan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the rotation and oscillation of the single-charged vortex (SCV) and double-charged vortex (DCV) in two-dimensional (2D) optically induced square photonic lattices under single-site excitation with appropriate self-focusing nonlinearity conditions. Numerical analysis shows that the SCV can self-trap into a localized gap vortex soliton mode that resides in the first Bragg reflection gap, for which a vortex is nested centrally in the rotating square-shaped optical envelope and four peaks always appear at four corners. Whereas DCV tends to evolve into a dynamical rotating quasi-vortex gap soliton formed in the second Bragg reflection gap, employing an out-of-phase quadrupole-like beam as a transition state to reverse the topological charge and the direction of rotation periodically. Our findings may provide insights into the experimental feasibility of observing such phenomena.
Hawking temperature of Kerr anti-de-Sitter black hole affected by Lorentz symmetry violating*
Authors: Liu Zhi-E , Tan Xia , Zhang Jie , Yang Shu-Zheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We studied the correction of the quantum tunneling radiation of fermions with spin 1/2 in Kerr anti-de-Sitter black hole. First, the dynamic equation of spin 1/2 fermions was corrected using Lorentz’s violation theory. Second, the new expressions of the fermions quantum tunneling rate, the Hawking temperature of the black hole and the entropy of the black hole were obtained according to the corrected fermions dynamic equation. Our results show that Hawking temperature increases with the enhancement of both the coupling strength and the radial component of ether-like field, but is independent of non-radial components of ether-like field. At last, some comments are made on the results of our work.