bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Qualified Integrated Care System After Total Knee Arthroplasty as a Role of Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Centers
Authors: Han Eun Young , Kim Sang Rim , Hee Sang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The geriatric population and advanced knee osteoarthritis are rapidly increasing in Korea, and the socioeconomic burden of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing. This study aimed to analyze the demographic, clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of patients who underwent TKA and to differentiate the factors affecting participation in inpatient-intensive rehabilitation programs after TKA in oo regional rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis centers established by the government.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 845 patients (735 females; 72.0±5.8 years) diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee who underwent elective unilateral primary TKA between January 2013 and June 2016. Demographic, clinical and socioeconomic characteristics, including age, body mass index, obesity, length of stay, OA severity, underlying disease, education level, occupation, and location of residence, were reviewed. Patients were allocated to the TKA-only group (home discharge) and to the TKA+ rehab group (participation in post-TKA rehabilitation). The variables were analyzed and compared before and after the establishment of the center and according to participation in intensive rehabilitation.Results: They showed a predominance of females and geriatrics and a high prevalence of comorbidities and obesity. Additionally, the only factor differentiating participation in intensive rehabilitation was the location of residence.Conclusion: The regional rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis center was appropriate to meet the high need for participating in intensive rehabilitation after TKA and for the qualified integrated post-TKA care system. Policy support should ensure early rehabilitation and a qualified integrated care system and prepare for the increased burden of revision, and future longitudinal studies should be conducted to assess the long-term effect of the integrated post-TKA rehabilitation program on functional outcomes and patient survivorship free from revision.
Comprehensive Analysis of Inflammation Response Related Genes and Immune Infiltrates in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xu Weilong , Niu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone malignant tumors in children and young adults. Inflammatory response in the microenvironment which acts as active cross-talk signals between host and tumor may play a vital role in osteosarcoma. In present study, bioinformatics algorithms were applied to establish inflammatory response-related genes (IRG) signature to improve prognosis prediction in osteosarcoma.Methods:Clinical and mRNA expression profiles data of osteosarcoma patients were collected via Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) databases. Prognostic values of IRG were evaluated via univariate and LASSO Cox regression analysis and combined to construct risk siganture. Relationship between immune cell infiltration and signature was investigated in present study. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was implemented to calculate immune related pathway activity and immune cell infiltration score. Results:We found 17 IRG were correlated with overall survival (OS). From LASSO Cox regression analyses, 11 IRG were identified as candidate genes to combine into risk score formulas. Patients were divided into high and low risk subgroups. patients in low-risk subgroup had a significantly better OS than patients in high-risk according to Kaplan-Meier curve result. In addition, gene set variation analysis of risk stratification may explain the different survival. Immune infiltration result demonstrated that high risk subgroups had lower levels of key antitumor infiltrating immune cells and antitumor immunity.Conclusion:The present study established IRG signature to act as a robust predictor of prognosis and a novel therapeutic target for treatment in osteosarcoma.
New Clues to Untangle the Question: Was the Volcanic Eruption Triggered by the Earthquake?
Authors: González Gino , Fujita Eisuke , Shibazaki Bunichiro , Hayashida Takumi , Chiodini Giovanni , Lucchi Federico , Yokoyama Izumi , Nemeth Karoly , Mora-Amador Raúl , Moya Aaron , Chigna Gustavo , Martí Joan , Rouwet Dmitri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding the cause/effect relationship between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a striking topic in Earth Sciences. Volcanoes may erupt due to the impact of seismic waves (i.e. dynamic stress) and changes in the stress field (i.e. static stress) with variable reaction times. In 2012, three large (Mw≥7.3) subduction earthquakes struck Central America within ten weeks; some volcanoes in the region erupted days after, meanwhile for others it took months to years to erupt. Here we show that the three earthquakes contributed to the increase in the number of volcanic eruptions during the seven years that followed. We found out that only those volcanoes that were already in a critical state of unrest effectively erupted, indicating that the earthquakes only prompted the eruptions. We recommend the permanent monitoring of active volcanoes to reveal which are more susceptible to culminate into eruption when the next large-magnitude earthquake hits a region.
How fast societies reach consensus over elections?: a methodology to study the evolution of Twitter conversations before election day
Authors: Cárdenas-Sánchez Daniel , Sampayo Andrés Miguel , Rodríguez-Prieto Maykol , Feged-Rivadeneira Alejandro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Technological developments in media and communications such as press, radio, and television have disrupted electoral processes and reshaped political landscapes. Similarly, the development of surveys enabled the social sciences to study the voting processes and measure consensus in a population prior to democratic elections. Literature on social networks and elections has focused on predicting electoral outcomes rather than understanding how the discussions between users evolve over time. As a result most studies focus on a single election and few comparative studies exist. In this article, a methodology to analyze Twitter conversations about election candidates is proposed. Using DeGroot’s consensus model-an assumption that all users are attempting to persuade others to talk about a candidate-the methodology allows to identify the structure and strength of connections of the mention networks on each month prior to an election day. It also helps to make comparisons between elections and identify patterns on different contexts. In the end, an analysis on the elections where the incumbent was running and the political regime is presented.
A Set Theory- And ROC-Based Patient-Specific QA Measure To Compare Planned And Delivered Isodose Distributions In Photon Radiotherapy
Authors: Baran Mateusz , Tabor Zbisław , Kabat Damian , Tulik Monika , Jeleń Kinga , Waligórski Michael PR 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:The DVH-based and Gamma Index patient-specific QA measures commonly applied in radiotherapy planning are unable to simultaneously deliver detailed locations and magnitudes of discrepancy between isodoses of planned and delivered dose distributions. By exploiting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistical classification tool, compliance between a planned and delivered isodose may be locally evaluated, both for OAR and PTV, at any given isodose level. Thus, a patient-specific QA tool may be developed to supplement those presently available in clinical radiotherapy.Materials and Methods:A method to locally establish and report dose delivery errors in 3-D isodoses of planned (reference) and delivered (evaluated) dose distributions as a function of both the dose level and spatial location was developed. At any given isodose level, the total volume of dose delivery containing the reference and the evaluated isodoses is locally decomposed into four subregions: true positive – subregions within both reference and evaluated isodoses, true negative – outside of both of these isodoses, false positive – inside the evaluated isodose occurs but not the reference one, and false negatives – inside the reference isodose but not the evaluated one, as established over the total volume of dose delivery. From this decomposition a confusion matrix is derived and various indices calculated to quantify the discrepancies between the given planned and delivered isodose distributions.Results:Examples of clinical photon radiotherapy plans underwent analysis using the method developed. At some isodose levels, at anatomically significant locations, dose delivery errors were found which would not be highlighted either by dose volume histogram (DVH)-based QA metrics or by gamma analysis.Conclusions:The proposed method which generalizes the DVH-based QA method approach and is able to spatially locate delivery errors at selected isodose levels may supplement the presently applied gamma analysis and DVH-based QA measures in patient-specific radiotherapy planning.
Environmental Sustainability By Recycling of PET Plastic Bottles And Reusing Them In Textile Industry: A Game-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Jafari Hamed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study considers a sustainable supply chain including the collector, cleaner, and recycler for recycling of PET plastic bottles and reusing them in textile industry. In the market, some suppliers of textile industry purchase cleaned and non-fragmented bottles and then they fragment them, whereas others prefer to buy recycled materials (i.e., cleaned and fragmented bottles). The collector collects used plastic bottles. To meet demand of the recycled materials, the collector transfers a portion of the collected bottles to the recycler and then the recycler cleans and fragments them. Furthermore, the collector cleans another portion of the collected bottles himself or via a cleaner to meet demand of the cleaned and non-fragmented bottles. In this setting, two different structures are established for transferring the cleaned bottles to suppliers. Under the first structure, the collector cleans the collected bottles through the cleaner by giving a share of the profit to him, while he is equipped with the bottles cleaning technology by paying a setup cost under the second structure. Moreover, the game-theoretic models are developed including Nash, Stackelberg, and Centralized to make decisions under two considered structures.
Inhibition of Neuropilin-1 Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via PI3K/AKT/Mtor Signaling in High-Fat-Diet induced Obese Mouse
Authors: Zhou Jian , Xu Sihuan , Zhu Yue , Li Xin , Wang Ao , Liu Kun , Hu Junfang , Li Li , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Research findings indicate Neuropilin-1 plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and obesity-associated insulin resistance, on such a basis, this study aims to explore the effects and working mechanism of Neuropilin-1 inhibition on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Methods: Firstly, the pcDNA3.1-NRP-1 recombinant plasmid containing Neuropilin-1 gene and the Neuropilin-1 gene RNA interference plasmid shRNA-NRP1 were successfully constructed. A total of 36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups, blank group, control group, pcDNA3.1 injection group, pcDNA3.1-NRP-1 injection group, pGenesil-1.1 injection group and shRNA-NRP1 injection group. Expression of phospho-PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR and Neuropilin-1 in liver was measured as well as body and liver weight, blood glucose, serum transaminases and lipid levels of the mice.Results: The weight and liver mass of high-fat-diet fed mice injected with pcDNA3.1-NRP-1 were significantly higher than those from the control group, but their body weight and liver mass decreased significantly after shRNA-NRP1 injection. The results also showed that Neuropilin-1 expression can significantly influence the severity of hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet fed mice, decreased serum FPG, LDL, AST, ALT levels and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA. In addition, the Neuropilin-1 expression will also influence the p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in mice.Conclusions: This study concluded that the inhibition of Neuropilin-1 could improve Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing body weight and reduce inflammation in high-fat-diet induced obese mice by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Glycaemic control at risk? - Impact of temperature, humidity and other physical factors on the analytical quality of point of care testing of blood glucose, a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sindt Cilia Maria Katharina , Noehr-Jensen Lene 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose concentration. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a corner stone in lowering the risk of vascular complications of diabetes and requires reliable measurements by the blood glucose meter and test strips (BG System). Environmental factors as temperature, humidity, altitude, and electromagnetic radiation may affect the measurement of blood glucose to a level that might compromise the glycaemic control. Manufactures often restrict the validation and approved use a limited span of environmental conditions and there is a considerable risk of exposing the equipment to temperature outside the range recommended by manufacturers. This systematic review aims to explore, aggregate, and present the current knowledge of the effect of environmental factors on the quality of results measured by BG systems.
Methods
Relevant studies will be found by using a comprehensive search strategy in the following databases: EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, SweMed+, DANS Easy and Cochrane Library. The search strategy will assess if there is an impact on precision and accuracy of BG systems under varying environmental conditions compared to precision recommended by manufacturers. Both authors will screen titles and in case of disagreement, the study will be included for screening by abstract. After screening of all titles, the procedure will be repeated for screening and reading of abstracts. Full text of papers selected by abstract will be assessed according to in- and exclusions criteria. Homogenous results will be pooled and summarized statistically for meta-analysis. Narrative synthesis will be performed for heterogeneous data that cannot be pooled for meta-analysis. Reporting will follow the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020). The risk of bias will be evaluated by choosing an appropriate tool from acknowledged institutions I.e., Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal for Systematic Reviews Checklist tools or the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP).
Discussion
This systematic review protocol utilizes rigorous methodology to provide a comprehensive search for outcomes of the impact of environmental factors on BG systems. The outcomes will be examined, and a summary of the current knowledge will be provided.
SARS-COV-2 Seroprevalence among Health Care Workers in Private and Public Hospitals in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Darvishian Maryam , Sharafkhah Maryam , Mohammadi Zahra , Sadeghniiat-haghighi Khosro , Abdollahi Alireza , Jafary Mohamadreza , Talaschian Mona , tabarsi Payam , Baghai Parvaneh , Mardani Masoud , Shayanrad Amaneh , Shafighian Fatemeh , Markarian Melineh , Roozafzai Farzin , Zamani Mohammad , Alvand Saba , Hariri Sanam , Sadeghi Anahita , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEstimating the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibody seropositivity among health care workers (HCWs) is crucial. In this study the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies among HCWs of five hospitals of Tehran-Iran with high COVID-9 patient’s referrals was assessed.MethodsHCWs from public and private hospitals were included and were asked questions on their demographic characteristics, medical history, hospital role and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE). Seroprevalence was estimated on the basis of ELISA test results (IgG and IgM antibodies in blood samples) and adjusted for test performance.ResultsAmong the 2065 participants, 88.4% and 11.6% HCWs were recruited from the public and private hospitals, respectively. The overall test-performance adjusted seroprevalence estimate among HCWs was 22.6 (95% CI 20.2-25.1) and it was higher in private hospitals (37.0%; 95% CI 28.6-46.2) than public hospitals (20.7%; 95% CI 18.2-23.3). PPE usage was significantly higher among HCWs of public versus private hospitals (66.5% vs. 20.0%). Test-adjusted seroprevalence estimates were highest among assistant nurses and nurses, and lowest among janitor/superintendent categories. ConclusionsSeroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 among HCWs depends on hospital type, hospital department, and hospital role. The PPE usage was especially suboptimal among HCWs in private hospitals. Continued effort in access to adequate PPE is warranted.
Cabozantinib inhibits melanoma brain metastasis in vitro
Authors: Mannsåker Trond Are , Hoang Tuyen , Aasen Synnøve Nymark , Bjørnstad Ole Vidhammer , Parajuli Himalaya , Sundstrøm Terje , Thorsen Frits 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Melanoma is one of the cancer types that have high potential to metastasise to the brain. Recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have changed the therapeutical landscape of extra-cranial melanoma. However, few patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) respond effectively to recent treatments and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Cabozantinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, already approved by FDA for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The drug also targets several of the proteins which are known to be dysregulated in melanomas and may therefore have a potential role in melanoma treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of cabozantinib on MBM cell growth and migration in vitro, and further identified its associated molecular components.
Methods

The anti-tumour activity of cabozantinib was investigated on three human MBM cell lines (H1, H3, H10) developed in our laboratory, through monolayer cell viability assays, tumoursphere experiments, cell migration assays, flow cytometry and caspase 3/7 apoptosis assays, RTK array screening and western blots (WB) to validate the array findings.
Results

Cabozantinib treatment decreased the viability of MBM cell lines both when grown in monolayer cultures and as tumour spheroids. The in vitro cell migration was also inhibited, and apoptosis was induced by cabozantinib. The phosphorylated RTKs p-PDGF-Rα, p-IGF-1R, p-MERTK and p-DDR1 were found to be downregulated in the p-RTK array of MBM cells after cabozantinib treatment. These results were validated with WB. Further, WB showed that cabozantinib treatment inhibited p-Akt and p-MEK 1/2.
Conclusions

For the first time, we show that cabozantinib effectively inhibits viability, growth and migration of MBM cells in vitro. Moreover, the drug induces apoptosis and downregulates the p-RTK p-PDGF-Rα, p-IGF-1R, p-MERTK and p-DDR1 in MBM cells. Further in vivo experiments are needed to bring cabozantinib forward as a potential, adjuvant treatment of patients with MBM.
Refractive and Ocular Indices in Kindergarten Israeli Children
Authors: Bahir Daniel , Raj Rhody David , Ben-Zion Itay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To report normative data on paediatric refractive and ocular indices in kindergarten Israeli children.
Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study of 101,417 Israeli children from 4–5 years old, obtained from 2013–2018. Data was collected using the PlusoptiX S12. We studied the number of referrals made for hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia.
Results
Mean sphere value was 0.83D ± 0.73 for the right eye and 0.85D ± 0.73 for the left eye. Mean SE was 0.56D ± 0.66 for the right eye and 0.59D ± 0.67 for the left eye. Mean cylinder value was − 0.53D ± 0.48 for the right eye and was the same, -0.53D ± 0.47, for the left eye. Mean axis values for the right and left eyes were 80.85°±55.57 and 80.42°±56.60 respectively. Mean pupil size was 5.83mm ± 0.87 for the right eye, and 5.82mm ± 0.88 for the left eye. 13.26% had anisocoria ≥ 0.4mm; of these, 0.66% had anisocoria > 1.0mm. There was no difference in pupil size between sexes or different cities. Mean IPD was 49.58mm ± 3.50, and mean gaze vector value was 2.64 ± 1.66. According to the Vision Screening Guidelines, 0.8% of children had hyperopia and 0.17% had myopia. 6.22% of children had astigmatism and 10.85% had anisometropia.
Conclusion
Amblyopia is the most common cause of unilateral vision loss in childhood. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome, hence the importance of investigating the causative indices leading to amblyopia in kindergarten. After searching the literature, this is the largest study population for this topic to our knowledge.
Expression of PDL-1 and Its Correlation with TIL in Triple Negative Cases of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Neha , Singh Akashdeep , Kaur Arshdeep , Manjari Mridu 
Published: July 2021

Background: In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression of PDL1 and its correlation with TIL in Triple Negative (ER, PR and Her 2neu negative) cases of breast carcinoma (immune-histochemical study)
Methods: Expression of PD-L1 was seen on 40 proven triple negative cases of breast carcinomas (TNBC) and to correlate it with other parameters affecting prognosis of the disease. All the cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma NOS (not otherwise specified)
Result: Maximum cases were Grade III (67.5%) followed by Grade II (32.5%). PD-L1 positivity was seen in 32.5% cases whereas TIL was positive for PD-L1 in 27.5 %. 5 cases were positive for both epithelial cell and TIL. Out of 13 PD-L1 positive tumors, 38.5% cases showed TIL positivity whereas out of 27 PD-L1 negative tumors, only 22.2% were TIL positive. PD-L1 expression in TIL was seen in 38.5% of cases however there was no statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 positivity and TIL positivity. PDL-1 positivity was more in Grade III (33.3%) as compared to Grade II (23%) lesions. Thus, it was observed that PD-L1 positivity increased from grade II to grade III lesions.
Conclusion: Intra-tumoral expression of PD-L1 is directly proportional to histological grade, aggressive subtypes in TNBC cases however there was no statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells and TIL positivity. We thus postulate that measurement of PD-L1 expression in TNBC cases could enhance the accuracy of predicting patient prognosis and allow for optimal treatment selection.