bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DUOGLOBE: One‐Year Outcomes in a Real‐World Study of Levodopa Carbidopa Intestinal Gel for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Standaert David G. , Aldred Jason , Anca‐Herschkovitsch Marieta , Bourgeois Paul , Cubo Esther , Davis Thomas L. , Iansek Robert , Kovács Norbert , Pontieri Francesco E. , Siddiqui Mustafa S. , Simu Mihaela , Bergmann Lars , Kukreja Pavnit , Robieson Weining Z. , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an established treatment for improving motor and some non‐motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospective long‐term data in routine clinical practice are limited.ObjectiveAssess LCIG effectiveness and safety in patients with advanced PD after 12 months during real‐world routine clinical practice.MethodsDuodopa/Duopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease—a global observational study evaluating long‐term effectiveness (DUOGLOBE) (NCT02611713) is an ongoing, prospective, multinational, observational study of LCIG‐naïve patients treated as part of routine clinical practice; 3 years of follow‐up are planned. The primary outcome is the change in patient‐reported off time. Other assessments include the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS), Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Parkinson's Disease Sleep scale (PDSS‐2), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL), caregiver burden, and serious adverse events (SAEs). Outcomes from baseline to month (M) 12 are presented.ResultsIn this 12‐month follow‐up, patients (N = 195) had baseline characteristics similar to other LCIG studies. Significant improvements (mean change to M12) were observed in off time (−3.9 ± 3.6 hr/day, P < 0.001), dyskinesia assessed using the UDysRS (−9.6 ± 22.5, P < 0.001), NMSS (−23.1 ± 41.4, P < 0.001), sleep and sleepiness symptoms on the PDSS‐2 (−6.5 ± 12.2, P < 0.001) and ESS (−1.0 ± 5.7, P < 0.05), HR‐QoL (−9.0 ± 21.6, P < 0.001), and caregiver burden (−1.9 ± 6.7, P = 0.008). Overall, 40.5% (n = 79) of patients experienced SAEs; fall (n = 6; 3.1%) and urinary tract infection (n = 6; 3.1%) were SAEs reported in ≥3% of patients.ConclusionsThese 12‐month outcome data show sustained, long‐term improvements and support the real‐world effectiveness of LCIG in patients with advanced PD. Safety was consistent with previous studies.
Recipient vessel selection for multiple free flap transfers in head and neck reconstruction at different periods
Authors: Lai Chih‐Sheng , Shen Ching‐Hui , Chang Yi‐Ting , Liu Shih‐An , Lu Chen‐Te , Tsai Yueh‐Chi , Chen I‐Chen , Feng Chin‐Hsing , Wu Cheng‐Yeu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment decisions can be challenging in patients undergoing multiple oropharyngeal microsurgical reconstructions at different periods by various causes. We, retrospectively, reviewed patients with at least three consecutive free flap reconstructions to determine the optimal strategy for selecting recipient vessels.MethodsThen, 36 patients (33 men and 3 women) who underwent at least 3 microsurgical reconstructions with a total of 51 free flap transfers for head and neck defects were included in this report. The most common reason for multiple microsurgical reconstructions was recurrent disease. For reconstructions, recipient vessel candidates on the same side of the head and neck were prioritized; if ipsilateral vessels were unavailable, contralateral recipient vessels, which might necessitate vein grafts, were used.ResultsThe most common reconstructions were anterolateral thigh flaps (19 cases). The most commonly used contralateral recipient vessels were the superior thyroid artery, facial artery, and external jugular vein. All vessel anastomoses were performed using the end‐to‐end method. Postoperative complications occurred at the sites of 26 free flap reconstructions. The overall flap reconstruction success rate in patients with at least three surgeries was 90.2%. The median follow‐up duration was 25.8 months. During follow‐up, 26 patients survived until the end of follow‐up.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing multiple free flap reconstructions, recipient vessels on the ipsilateral side that have not been subjected to radiation should be selected first. Recipient vessels contralateral to the reconstruction side can then be selected; however, they may require vein grafts. Finally, distant healthy recipient vessels can be selected through vein grafting.
Effects of comprehensive intervention on life quality among the elderly with Alzheimer Disease and their caregivers based on mixed models
Authors: Yang Li , Xuan Cheng , Yu Caiyan , Jin Xiaoqing , Zheng Pinpin , Yan Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsWe conducted a multi‐sectoral comprehensive intervention for elderly Alzheimer Disease patients and their caregivers to improve their quality of life.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsFrom June to June in 2019, 150 Alzheimer Disease patients were randomly selected from a nursing home in Zhejiang province of China, they were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. And they were given comprehensive and routine interventions respectively for six months. We used mixed models in our analyses to see how outcomes changed over time and how they were affected by the intervention, which could also solve the problems of missing values and data correlation.ResultsAfter six months, compared with the control group, the communication ability, housework handling ability, self‐care ability and life quality of the patients in the intervention group were improved, and the quality of life and caring ability of their caregivers were also significantly improved.ConclusionThe multi‐sectoral collaborative care model proposed in this study integrated resources from several departments, effectively improved the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, and provided a way of care services for patients with Alzheimer Disease.ImpactMulti‐sectoral comprehensive intervention would improve the life quality of elderly patients with Alzheimer Disease and their caregivers.
Vismodegib for Preservation of Visual Function in Patients with Advanced Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma: The VISORB Trial
Authors: Kahana Alon , Unsworth Shelby P. , Andrews Christopher A. , Chan May P. , Bresler Scott C. , Bichakjian Christopher K. , Durham Alison B. , Demirci Hakan , Elner Victor M. , Nelson Christine C. , Kim Denise S. , Joseph Shannon S. , Swiecicki Paul L. , Worden Francis P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer often curable by excision; however, for patients with BCC around the eye, excision places visual organs and function at risk. In this article, we test the hypothesis that use of the hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib will improve vision-related outcomes in patients with orbital and extensive periocular BCC (opBCC).

Materials and Methods
In this open-label, nonrandomized phase IV trial, we enrolled patients with globe- and lacrimal drainage system–threatening opBCC. To assess visual function in the context of invasive periorbital and lacrimal disease, we used a novel Visual Assessment Weighted Score (VAWS) in addition to standard ophthalmic exams. Primary endpoint was VAWS with a score of 21/50 (or greater) considered successful, signifying globe preservation. Tumor response was evaluated using RECIST v1.1. Surgical specimens were examined histologically by dermatopathologists.

Results
In 34 patients with opBCC, mean VAWS was 44/50 at baseline, 46/50 at 3 months, and 47/50 at 12 months or postsurgery. In total, 100% of patients maintained successful VAWS outcome at study endpoint. Compared with baseline, 3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–15.3) experienced major score decline (5+ points), 14.7% (95% CI, 5 to 31.1) experienced a minor decline (2–4 points), and 79.4% experienced a stable or improved score (95% CI, 62.1–91.3). A total of 56% (19) of patients demonstrated complete tumor regression by physical examination, and 47% (16) had complete regression by MRI/CT. A total of 79.4% (27) of patients underwent surgery, of which 67% (18) had no histologic evidence of disease, 22% (6) had residual disease with clear margins, and 11% (3) had residual disease extending to margins.

Conclusion
Vismodegib treatment, primary or neoadjuvant, preserves globe and visual function in patients with opBCC. Clinical trail identification number.NCT02436408.

Implications for Practice
Use of the antihedgehog inhibitor vismodegib resulted in preservation of end-organ function, specifically with regard to preservation of the eye and lacrimal apparatus when treating extensive periocular basal cell carcinoma. Vismodegib as a neoadjuvant also maximized clinical benefit while minimizing toxic side effects. This is the first prospective clinical trial to demonstrate efficacy of neoadjuvant antihedgehog therapy for locally advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma, and the first such trial to demonstrate end-organ preservation.
Improving landholder engagement in biodiversity conservation: What can be learned from literary theory and design
Authors: Lee Thomas , Wakefield‐Rann Rachael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Drawing on a case study of an ecological assessment report used in part for landholder engagement by an Australian government biodiversity initiative, this paper illustrates how literary theory and design might aid in designing improved versions of documents and communications used to engage and inform landholders, which may contribute to improved biodiversity outcomes.

Biodiversity monitoring and reporting documents used by ecologists to record and communicate data can be required to fulfil different and often contrasting purposes when used in multi‐stakeholder situations. Documents might need to stand up to the scrutiny of different disciplinary domains, such as law, ecology and business, while also informing, entertaining and communicating at an emotional level. In this sense, the design of such documents is a significant challenge, made more difficult by the siloing of disciplinary knowledges that deal with ecological and social concerns.

Attention to the design of documents and their role in a broader service system is argued to be an important perspective alongside research into conservation management that focuses on the psychological motivations of landholders and environmental management, planning and governance.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Proteomic and metabolomic investigation of serum lactate dehydrogenase elevation in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Yan Haixi , Liang Xiao , Du Juping , He Zebao , Wang Yu , Lyu Mengge , Yue Liang , Zhang Fangfei , Xue Zhangzhi , Xu Luang , Ruan Guan , Li Jun , Zhu Hongguo , Xu Jiaqin , Chen Shiyong , Zhang Chao , Lv Dongqing , Lin Zongmei , Shen Bo , Zhu Yi , Qian Biyun , Chen Haixiao , Guo Tiannan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSerum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been established as a prognostic indicator given its differential expression in COVID‐19 patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underneath remain poorly understood. In this study, 144 COVID‐19 patients were enrolled to monitor the clinical and laboratory parameters over 3 weeks. Serum LDH was shown elevated in the COVID‐19 patients on admission and declined throughout disease course, and its ability to classify patient severity outperformed other biochemical indicators. A threshold of 247 U/L serum LDH on admission was determined for severity prognosis. Next, we classified a subset of 14 patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups based on serum LDH expression and compared their quantitative serum proteomic and metabolomic differences. The results showed that COVID‐19 patients with high serum LDH exhibited differentially expressed blood coagulation and immune responses including acute inflammatory responses, platelet degranulation, complement cascade, as well as multiple different metabolic responses including lipid metabolism, protein ubiquitination and pyruvate fermentation. Specifically, activation of hypoxia responses was highlighted in patients with high LDH expressions. Taken together, our data showed that serum LDH levels are associated with COVID‐19 severity, and that elevated serum LDH might be consequences of hypoxia and tissue injuries induced by inflammation.
Who is responsible for interventions against problematic comments? Comparing user attitudes in Germany and the United States
Authors: Riedl Martin J. , Naab Teresa K. , Masullo Gina M. , Jost Pablo , Ziegele Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOnline comment sections on news organizations' social media pages provide a unique forum for exploring attitudes toward platform governance and freedom of expression at the crossroads between people, platforms, and news providers. Amid ample political and policy interest, little empirical evidence exists on user perceptions of platform governance. Through survey studies in Germany (n = 1155) and the United States (n = 1164), we provide a comparative perspective on responsibility attributions toward different regulatory actors who may intervene against problematic user comments: the state (law enforcement), platform operators (Facebook), news organizations, and users themselves. We explore this against the backdrop of different notions of free speech and cultural differences in the two countries. We find that Germans attribute greater responsibility for intervention to the state, Facebook, and news organizations than Americans. They also assume greater self‐responsibility. While support for free speech did not impact responsibility attribution to Facebook, news organizations, or the users themselves, people with greater general support for free speech saw law enforcement as less responsible for intervention. The results provide empirical evidence for an integrated view of various regulatory actors who complement each other in the governance of online discussions.
State of the art in nonthermal plasma processing for biomedical applications: Can it help fight viral pandemics like COVID‐19?
Authors: Misra Nilanjal , Bhatt Sudhir , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzaneh , Kumar Virendra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlasma processing finds widespread biomedical applications, such as the design of biosensors, antibiofouling surfaces, controlled drug delivery systems, and in plasma sterilizers. In the present coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) situation, the prospect of applying plasma processes like surface activation, plasma grafting, plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition/plasma polymerization, surface etching, plasma immersion ion implantation, crosslinking, and plasma decontamination to provide timely solutions in the form of better antiviral alternatives, practical diagnostic tools, and reusable personal protective equipment is worth exploring. Herein, the role of nonthermal plasmas and their contributions toward healthcare are timely reviewed to engage different communities in assisting healthcare associates and clinicians, not only to combat the current COVID‐19 pandemic but also to prevent similar kinds of future outbreaks.
Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy of ethyl lactate decomposition and thin‐film coating in a filamentary and a glow dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Milaniak Natalia , Laroche Gaétan , Massines Françoise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlow and filamentary regimes of atmospheric pressure plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition in a planar dielectric barrier discharge configuration were compared for thin‐film deposition from ethyl lactate (EL). EL decomposition in the plasma phase and thin‐film composition were both characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. EL chemical bonds' concentration along the gas flow decreases progressively in the glow dielectric barrier discharge (GDBD), whereas it drastically oscillates in the filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (FDBD), with values higher than that of the initial mixture. EL decomposition route depends on the discharge regime, as the decrease of the concentration of the different investigated bonds is different for an identical amount of energy provided to EL molecules. CO2 is systematically formed reaching concentrations of 25 and 40 ppm, respectively, in FDBD and GDBD.
Non‐self‐sustained electron beam RF‐generated plasma in application for functional surface pretreatment
Authors: Palov Alexander P. , Proshina Olga V. , Rakhimova Tatyana V. , Rakhimov Alexander T. , Voronina Ekaterina N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimulation of non‐self‐sustained plasma generated by a 2‐keV electron beam in Ar with radiofrequency (RF) biasing is carried out using a one‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell Monte Carlo method. The effect of 10–30 mTorr gas pressure and different RF voltages of 0–45 V on the ion energy and angle distribution functions is analyzed and discussed. The performed ab initio dynamic simulations confirmed the possibility to eliminate methyl groups from the low‐k surfaces with low‐energy (10–20 eV) Ar ions, thereby turning these surfaces from hydrophobic into hydrophilic. The analytical model is developed to calculate the ion fluxes on two‐dimensional trench walls and bottom for conditions under study. It was shown that plasma with a pressure of 10 mTorr and a bias voltage of ≤45 V is better suited for pretreatment of the low‐k trench walls.
Synthesis, Thermal Behavior and Energy Performance of Nitroguanidyl‐Functionalized Energetic Materials
Authors: Bai Jiachao , Yao Ergang , Xiao Libai , Zhou Jie , Ren Yinghui , Zhao Fengqi , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSix nitroguanidyl‐functionalized nitrogen‐rich compounds were synthesized and characterized by EA, FT‐IR, and NMR. In addition, the crystal structures of ANPTz, CABNG, and FANG were further determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffractometer. The thermal decomposition behaviours were studied by the DSC‐TG‐FTIR‐MS coupling technique and the results showed that all the compounds had good thermal stability, among which ANPTz had the best thermal stability (Td=211.03 °C). Also, HCN, CO2, H2O, and NO2 were released during thermal decomposition process. The self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and thermal explosion critical temperature (Tb) were calculated to evaluate thermal safety, and the relative order was as follows: FANG (TSADT=198.68 °C, Tb=209.97 °C)> ANPTz (TSADT=194.12 °C, Tb=208.63 °C)> BANTz (TSADT=182.52 °C, Tb=207.54 °C)> AANG (TSADT=180.04 °C, Tb=188.35 °C)> CABNG (TSADT=176.80 °C, Tb=187.32 °C)> MABNG (TSADT=173.61 °C, Tb=184.29 °C). The results indicated that FANG had the acceptable sensitivity (IS=7.84 J), good detonation performance (D=8551 m⋅s−1, P=32.33 GPa), and the significant catalytic effect (the decomposition temperature of RDX decreased by 8.31 °C).
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Single Crystal Diamond Pyramids Containing Germanium Vacancy Centers
Authors: Nonahal Milad , White Simon J. U. , Regan Blake , Li Chi , Trycz Aleksandra , Kim Sejeong , Aharonovich Igor , Kianinia Mehran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiamond resonators containing color‐centers are highly sought after for application in quantum technologies. Bottom‐up approaches are promising for the generation of single‐crystal diamond structures with purposely introduced color centers. Here the possibility of using a polycrystalline diamond to grow single‐crystal diamond structures by employing a pattern growth method is demonstrated. For, the possible mechanism of growing a single‐crystal structure with predefined shape and size from a polycrystalline substrate by controlling the growth condition is clarified. Then, by introducing germanium impurities during the growth, localized and enhanced emission from fabricated pyramid shaped single‐crystal diamonds containing germanium vacancy (GeV) color centers is demonstrated. Finally, linewidth of ∼500 MHz at 4 K from a single GeV center in the pyramid shaped diamonds is measured. The method is an important step toward fabrication of 3D structures for integrated diamond photonics.
Board design and governance failures at peer firms
Authors: Gai Shelby L. , Cheng J. Yo‐Jud , Wu Andy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryOur study introduces board committees as a crucial determinant of board actions. We examine how directors who structurally link different board committees—referred to as multi‐committee directors (MCDs)—explain why some board actions are merely symbolic while others are more substantive. As a baseline, we argue that boards in general respond to financial restatements at peer firms by symbolically appointing new directors who are relatively inexperienced and unlikely to have a substantive impact. In contrast, boards with audit–nomination MCDs are more likely to take the substantive action of appointing new directors with the prior experience necessary to reduce the risk of their own future financial restatement. We combine qualitative interviews and a causal identification strategy using an original dataset covering Russell 3000 firms from 2001 to 2014.Managerial SummaryCommittees play a central role in how boards carry out their governance responsibilities. This study shows that assigning directors to multiple board committees can improve governance performance under certain conditions. Specifically, when external events focus attention on the board's monitoring role, the presence of multi‐committee directors (MCDs) that link the audit and nomination committees is associated with the subsequent appointment of more experienced directors and a reduction in the likelihood of future financial restatements and lawsuits. Because these specific board configurations can have substantive implications for governance effectiveness, we recommend that board leaders be deliberate in how they allocate board committee assignments and treat board committee structure as an intentional organizational design choice that can meaningfully improve governance outcomes.
Template‐Free Formation of Regular Macroporosity in Carbon Materials Made from a Folded Polymer Precursor
Authors: Burshtein Tomer Y. , Agami Iris , Sananis Matan , Diesendruck Charles E. , Eisenberg David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPorous carbon materials attract great interest in a wide range of applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and membranes, due to their large surface area, structural and compositional tunability, and chemical stability. While micropores are typically obtained when preparing carbon materials by pyrolysis, the fabrication of mesoporous, and especially macroporous carbons is more challenging, yet important for enhancing mass transport. Herein, template‐free regular macroporous carbons are prepared from a mixture of unfolded (linear) and folded (single‐chain nanoparticles, SCNP) polyvinylpyrrolidone chains. While having the same chemical composition, the different molecular architectures lead to phase separation even before pyrolysis, creating a dense cell architecture, which is retained upon carbonization. Upon increasing the SCNP content, the homogeneity of the pore network increases and the specific surface area is enlarged 3‐5‐fold, until ideal properties are obtained at 75% SCNP, as observed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy and N2 physisorption porosimetry. The materials are further investigated as hydrazine oxidation electrocatalysts, demonstrating the link between the evolving morphology and current density. Importantly, this study demonstrates the role of polymer architecture in macroporosity templating in carbon materials, providing a new approach to develop complex carbon architectures without the need for external templating.