bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic significance and race-specific prognostic association of MYB overexpression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Miree Orlandric , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Khan Mohammad Aslam , Sameeta Fnu , Acharya Srijan , Ndetan Harrison , Singh Karan Pal , Hertweck Kate Louise , Dasgupta Santanu , da Silva Luciana Madeira , Rocconi Rodney Paul , Carter James Elliot , Singh Seema , Singh Ajay Pratap 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLate diagnosis, unreliable prognostic assessment, and poorly-guided therapeutic planning result in dismal survival of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Therefore, identifying novel functional biomarker(s) is highly desired for improved clinical management. MYB is an oncogenic transcription factor with emerging functional significance in OC. Here we examined its clinicopathologic significance by immunohistochemistry and TCGA/GTex data analyses. Aberrant MYB expression was detected in 94% of OC cases (n = 373), but not in the normal ovarian tissues (n = 23). MYB was overexpressed in all major epithelial OC histological subtypes exhibiting the highest incidence (~ 97%) and overall expression in serous and mucinous carcinomas. MYB expression correlated positively with tumor grades and stages. Moreover, MYB exhibited race-specific prognostic association. Moderate-to-high MYB levels were significantly associated with both poor overall- (p = 0.02) and progression-free (p = 0.02) survival in African American (AA), but not in the Caucasian American (CA) patients. Consistent with immunohistochemistry data, we observed significantly higher MYB transcripts in OC cases (n = 426) than normal ovary (n = 88). MYB transcripts were significantly higher in all epithelial OC subtypes, compared to normal, and its greater levels predicted poor survival in AA OC, but not CA OC, patients. Thus, MYB appears to be a useful clinical biomarker for prognostication, especially in AA patients.
Deep learning for end-to-end kidney cancer diagnosis on multi-phase abdominal computed tomography
Authors: Uhm Kwang-Hyun , Jung Seung-Won , Choi Moon Hyung , Shin Hong-Kyu , Yoo Jae-Ik , Oh Se Won , Kim Jee Young , Kim Hyun Gi , Lee Young Joon , Youn Seo Yeon , Hong Sung-Hoo , Ko Sung-Jea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2020, it is estimated that 73,750 kidney cancer cases were diagnosed, and 14,830 people died from cancer in the United States. Preoperative multi-phase abdominal computed tomography (CT) is often used for detecting lesions and classifying histologic subtypes of renal tumor to avoid unnecessary biopsy or surgery. However, there exists inter-observer variability due to subtle differences in the imaging features of tumor subtypes, which makes decisions on treatment challenging. While deep learning has been recently applied to the automated diagnosis of renal tumor, classification of a wide range of subtype classes has not been sufficiently studied yet. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for the differential diagnosis of five major histologic subtypes of renal tumors including both benign and malignant tumors on multi-phase CT. Our model is a unified framework to simultaneously identify lesions and classify subtypes for the diagnosis without manual intervention. We trained and tested the model using CT data from 308 patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumors. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889, and outperformed radiologists for most subtypes. We further validated the model on an independent dataset of 184 patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The AUC for this dataset was 0.855, and the model performed comparably to the radiologists. These results indicate that our model can achieve similar or better diagnostic performance than radiologists in differentiating a wide range of renal tumors on multi-phase CT.
Specific and nondisruptive interaction of guanidium-functionalized gold nanoparticles with neutral phospholipid bilayers
Authors: Morillas-Becerril Lucía , Franco-Ulloa Sebastian , Fortunati Ilaria , Marotta Roberto , Sun Xiaohuan , Zanoni Giordano , De Vivo Marco , Mancin Fabrizio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and biological entities is fundamental to the development of nanomedicine applications. In particular, the possibility to realize nanoparticles capable of directly targeting neutral lipid membranes would be advantageous to numerous applications aiming at delivering nanoparticles and their cargos into cells and biological vesicles. Here, we use experimental and computational methodologies to analyze the interaction between liposomes and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) featuring cationic headgroups in their protecting monolayer. We find that in contrast to nanoparticles decorated with other positively charged headgroups, guanidinium-coated AuNPs can bind to neutral phosphatidylcholine liposomes, inducing nondisruptive membrane permeabilization. Atomistic molecular simulations reveal that this ability is due to the multivalent H-bonding interaction between the phosphate residues of the liposome’s phospholipids and the guanidinium groups. Our results demonstrate that the peculiar properties of arginine magic, an effect responsible for the membranotropic properties of some naturally occurring peptides, are also displayed by guanidinium-bearing functionalized AuNPs.
Association of the polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) with the risk of leprosy in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Paz Jasna Letícia Pinto , Silvestre Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Corrêa Amador , Moura Letícia Siqueira , Furlaneto Ismari Perini , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transmission and evolution of leprosy depends on several aspects, including immunological and genetic factors of the host, as well as genetic factors of Mycobacterium leprae. The present study evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the FokI (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232) regions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene with leprosy. A total of 405 individuals were evaluated, composed by groups of 100 multibacillary (MB) and 57 paucibacillary (PB) patients, and 248 healthy contacts. Blood samples were collected from patients and contacts. The genotyping was performed by sequencing of the interest regions. The alleles of the studied SNPs, and SNP FokI genotypes, were not associated with leprosy. For the SNP on TaqI region, the relationship between the tt genotype, and for the SNP ApaI, the AA genotype, revealed an association with susceptibility to MB form, while Aa genotype with protection. The extended genotypes AaTT and AaTt of ApaI and TaqI were associated with protection against MB form. Further studies analyzing the expression of the VDR gene and the correlation with its SNPs might help to clarify the role of polymorphisms on the immune response in leprosy.
Dynamical effect of the 9:16 resonance with Mars on some Datura asteroids, including the pair Balam and 312497
Authors: Plávalová E. , Rosaev A. 
Published: June 2021

Context.We studied the effect of the mean motion 9:16 resonance with Mars (9:16M) on the dynamics of the very young asteroid family Datura and the young pair (3749) Balam and (312497) 2009 BR60.Aims.We aim to understand the mechanism of dynamical interaction of the members of a family that are subjected to mean motion resonance in order to precisely estimate the age of an asteroid family or pair and to reconstruct their breakup processes.Methods.We calculated the expected (9:16M) resonance position, its boundaries, and multiplet fine structure and their time evolution under the effect of Mars orbit variations. We used the Lyapunov characteristic exponent and Euclid algorithm in our analytical calculations. We compared these results with backward numerical integrations of some Datura asteroids to check for consistency.Results.We explain the strong variations in the semi-major axis of some Datura asteroids as caused by the variations in the orbit of Mars. Using the Datura family as an example, we show that the distance from resonance may be a better measure of chaos than the widely accepted Lyapunov exponent. Additionally, we find that asteroid (3749) Balam exhibits the conspicuous effects of dynamical perturbations that are likely induced by the 9:16M resonance.Conclusions.Focusing on one of the most robust and well-established young asteroid families, the Datura family, we show that mean motion resonances play an important role as drivers of the dynamical evolution of asteroid families.
Collapse of turbulent massive cores with ambipolar diffusion and hybrid radiative transfer
Authors: Mignon-Risse R. , González M. , Commerçon B. , Rosdahl J. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Massive stars form in magnetized and turbulent environments and are often located in stellar clusters. The accretion and outflows mechanisms associated with forming massive stars and the origin of the stellar multiplicity of their system are poorly understood.Aims.We study the effect of magnetic fields and turbulence on the accretion mechanism of massive protostars and their multiplicity. We also focus on disk formation as a prerequisite for outflow launching.Methods.We present a series of four radiation-magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the collapse of a massive magnetized, turbulent core of 100M⊙with the adaptive-mesh-refinement code RAMSES, including a hybrid radiative transfer method for stellar irradiation and ambipolar diffusion. We varied the Mach and Alfvénic Mach numbers to probe sub- and super-Alfvénic turbulence and sub- and supersonic turbulence regimes.Results.Sub-Alfvénic turbulence leads to single stellar systems, and super-Alfvénic turbulence leads to binary formation from disk fragmentation following the collision of spiral arms, with mass ratios of 1.1–1.6 and a separation of several hundred AU that increases with initial turbulent support and with time. In these runs, infalling gas reaches the individual disks through a transient circumbinary structure. Magnetically regulated, thermally dominated (plasma betaβ> 1) Keplerian disks form in all runs, with sizes 100–200 AU and masses 1–8M⊙. The disks around primary and secondary sink particles have similar properties. We obtain mass accretion rates of ~10−4M⊙yr−1onto the protostars and observe higher accretion rates onto the secondary stars than onto their primary star companion. The primary disk orientation is found to be set by the initial angular momentum carried by turbulence rather than by magnetic fields. Even without turbulence, axisymmetry and north–south symmetry with respect to the disk plane are broken by the interchange instability and thermally dominated streamers, respectively.Conclusions.Small (≲300 AU) massive protostellar disks such as those that are frequently observed today can so far only be reproduced in the presence of (moderate) magnetic fields with ambipolar diffusion, even in a turbulent medium. The interplay between magnetic fields and turbulence sets the multiplicity of stellar clusters. A plasma betaβ> 1 is a good indicator for distinguishing streamers and individual disks from their surroundings.
Modeling the innovative development of the economy based on the investment demand prognosis
Authors: Ivanova Rufina , Mukhametzyanova Dilyara , Belay Olga , Sirazetdinov Rustem , Biktemirova Ella 
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness of innovation activity is largely determined by the relevant infrastructure which is the basic component of a developed economy. The correlation between the development of the innovative economy and the intensification of investment activity is revealed.
On the basis of retrospective analysis of trends and patterns in the development of investment activity, an assessment of the resource support of the investment process in the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out. The need for advanced development of the production potential of the investment and construction complex of the region and the material and technical base on the basis of the development of the local raw material base is justified. An economic and mathematical model of the interaction of investment recourses that determine the level of innovative development of the region is proposed. On the basis of the theory of factor models, the quantitative relationships between the factors that have the greatest impact on investment development are investigated. They are: gross regional product, investment in fixed assets, the volume of contract work, the volume of investment in housing construction, the cost of research and development in the gross regional product, the share of innovation costs in industrial investment.
Fastenkuren begleiten
Authors: Blume Ralf , Schlimpen Michael , Thumm Anusati , Heilmann-Wagner Elke 
Published: June 2021

SummaryVier Experten stellen die Begleitung von Fastenkuren mithilfe von Homöopathie, Phytotherapie, ätherischen Ölen und einem heißen Heublumensack vor.
Hygiene neu verstehen: Teil 2
Authors: Handke Denis Maximilian 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUnter anderem erklärt der Beitrag am Beispiel der Desinfektion, wie die drei W-Fragen „Warum?“, „Was?“ und „Wie?“ dabei helfen können, einen Überblick über die in der eigenen Praxis notwendigen Hygienemaßnahmen zu gewinnen. Vorgestellt wird auch die interne Hygienebegehung anhand einer Frageliste, mithilfe derer Leserinnen und Leser Klarheit über die Vollständigkeit ihrer Hygienemaßnahmen in der Praxis gewinnen können. Die Themen der internen Hygienebegehung erstrecken sich vom Hygieneplan und Hygienebeauftragten über die Desinfektion und den Entsorgungsplan bis hin zur sanitären Ausstattung der Praxis und mehr.
Lösungen jenseits des Kühlschranks
Authors: Miorin-Bellermann Juliane 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn den drei vorgestellten Fällen – Binge-Eating, Übergewicht und Untergewicht – wünschen sich die Patienten jeweils Hilfe in Bezug auf Essverhalten und Gewicht. Die Behandlung umfasst psychotherapeutische Interventionen und Lebensstiländerungen, aber auch die Gabe von Präparaten zur gezielten Hormonstimulation und -rhythmisierung. Wie die Fälle zeigen, ist die hormonfokussierte Therapie ein wichtiger Baustein in der Behandlung von Beschwerden, die mit einem gestörten Zusammenspiel von Hunger, Sättigung und/ oder Fettstoffwechsel einhergehen.
Bacteriological Surveillance of Ambulance Vehicles from a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Sharma Shiwani , Datta Priya , Gupta Varsha , Vasesi Dipanshu , Chander Jagdish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective An ambulance is a medically equipped vehicle which is used in case of any medical emergency for the transport of patients to treatment facilities. The ambulances help in the transportation of thousands of patients per year, and such patients may carry infectious microorganisms which pose a major threat to the treatment of such patients. In this study, we analyzed the extent of bacterial contamination in our ambulance vehicles and measured the degree of antimicrobial resistance among isolated pathogens.
Material and Method This study included five ambulances of our tertiary care hospital and different random sites were swabbed in each vehicle. These were selected based on their well-known high frequency of contact by emergency personnel and patients. Swabs were inserted into sterile test tubes containing normal saline and immediately transferred to our microbiology laboratory to identify bacterial contaminants utilizing standard microbiological procedures.
Result A total of 198 swab samples were collected from all the five ambulances, out of which 170 (85.8%) swabs were sterile and 28 (14.2%) swabs yielded potentially pathogenic bacterial isolates. The highest contamination rate with pathogenic bacteria was detected in the oxygen flow meter knob (60%), suction machine tubing (60%), and stethoscope (40%). Staphylococcus aureus (32%) was the most frequently detected microorganism.
Conclusion Our study showed low prevalence of bacterial contamination in ambulances because of good infection control policy of our hospital, however, some areas still need improvement and require proper standard operating procedures of disinfection policies of these emergency vehicles.
Functional Outcomes of Bilateral Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Brilakis Emmanouil , Chytas Dimitrios , Gerogiannis Dimitrios , Avramidis Grigorios , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose To answer the question whether bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a safe and effective treatment which results in satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes with low complications rates. A second question to be answered was: what is the quality of the evidence of the already published studies which investigate the use of bilateral RTSA?
Methods Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. These databases were queried with the terms “reverse” AND “total” AND “shoulder” AND “arthroplasty” AND “clinical.” Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.
Results From the 394 initial studies we finally selected and assessed 6 clinical studies which were eligible to our inclusion–exclusion criteria. The aforementioned studies included in total 203 patients (69% females; mean age range: 67.1–75 years; mean follow-up range: 12–61 months). From those, 168 patients underwent staged bilateral RTSA (mean duration between first and second operation range: 8–21.6 months) and the rest of them a unilateral RTSA as controlled treatment. Almost all mean clinical and functional scores, which were used to assess the therapeutic value of bilateral RTSA, depicted significant postoperative improvement in comparison with the mean preoperative values. The modified Coleman methodology score, which was used to assess the quality of the studies, ranged from a minimum of 36/100 to a maximum of 55/100.
Conclusion Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, staged bilateral RTSA seems to be a safe and effective procedure for patients with cuff tear arthropathy, which results in significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes and low reoperations' rates.
Level of Evidence Systematic review of level III-IV therapeutic studies.
A Questionnaire Assessing Utilization of Delayed Cord Clamping
Authors: Uduwana Shanika R. , Nemerofsky Sheri L. 
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to assess the practice of delayed cord clamping (DCC) and the awareness of its benefits for newborns between Obstetric (OB) and neonatal physicians. We examined if provider characteristics including years of experience, level of training, familiarity of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)/American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations, institutional policy, and the racial and ethnic background of patient population were associated with implementation of DCC.
Study Design This research is a cross-sectional online questionnaire study.
Results 975 questionnaires were returned. Overall, the awareness of ACOG versus AAP recommendations was 94 versus 86% (p < 0.01). 86 versus 78% of OB and neonatal physicians practiced or witnessed DCC >50% of the time, respectively (p < 0.01). An equal number of OB and neonatal physicians believed in the benefits to newborns of DCC. Physicians with >10 years of practice were less likely to acknowledge DCC benefits. Physicians with a majority of non-White patients were less likely to practice/witness DCC (p < 0.05).
Conclusion There continues to be room for improvement in the practice of DCC. Institutional policies and awareness of ACOG/AAP recommendations impact the understanding of the benefits of DCC and the likelihood of the practice. There is a significant difference in the practice of DCC among patients with different racial backgrounds. Hospital leadership may consider investing in the education and implementation of updated guidelines to ensure DCC is routinely practiced.
Key Points
Outcome of Auricular Reconstruction with Porous Polyethylene Frameworks: Our 10 Years of Experience with 113 Children and Adults
Authors: Schrötzlmair Florian , Götz Katharina , Patscheider Martin , Hempel John-Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the surgical outcome and patient benefit after auricular reconstruction with porous polyethylene frameworks and temporoparietal fascia flaps in both children and adults. A total of 161 patients who had undergone auricular reconstruction between 2003 and 2014 by doctors in our department were asked to answer both a validated health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (Glasgow Benefit Inventory or Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory) and a questionnaire reporting satisfaction, complaints, and complications with the reconstructed pinna. Furthermore, postoperative surgical complications were recorded. A total of 113 patients (89 individuals older than 14 and 24 children under the age of 14) returned the questionnaires. About 80% of the patients were satisfied with the results of their auricular reconstruction. The main complaints concerned scars and the shape. Patients' quality of life was correlated with their postoperative aesthetic satisfaction. Thus, framework extrusion was the principal factor affecting patients' satisfaction, whereas treatable postoperative complications did not interfere with the overall quality of life. Interestingly, children indicated greater benefit from auricular reconstruction than older patients. With regard to the patient's feeling of being physically healthy after auricular reconstruction, partial pinna reconstruction and reconstruction without simultaneous hearing restoration should be very carefully considered. Auricular reconstruction using a porous polyethylene framework significantly increases the patients' health-related quality of life and leads to significant patient satisfaction, especially in the case of younger patients.
Multi-scale methods for reconstructing collective shapes of digital diasporas
Authors: Lobbé Quentin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ICT revolution has impacted the way diasporic groups and individuals communicate and interact with one another. Diasporas are now fueled by unlimited flows of digital contents generated by daily activities or sudden historical events. As a natural result, the science of migration has evolved just as much as its own subject of research. Thus, dedicated branches of research like digital diasporas emerge at the crossroad between fields of social and computational sciences. Thereupon, new types of multi-scale reconstruction methods are developed to investigate the collective shapes of digital diasporas. They allow the researchers to focus on individual interactions before visualizing their global structures and dynamics. In this paper, we present three different multi-scale reconstruction methods applied to reveal the scientific landscape of digital diasporas and to explore the history of an extinct online collective of Moroccan migrants.