bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of the Indian summer monsoon to global warming, solar geoengineering and its termination
Authors: Bhowmick Mansi , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Kravitz Ben , Sahany Sandeep , Salunke Popat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe response of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) to global warming, solar geoengineering and its termination is examined using the multi-model mean of seven global climate model simulations from G2 experiment of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. Under the global warming scenario, land–ocean temperature contrasts and low-level monsoon circulation progressively strengthen accompanied by enhanced precipitation over the Indian subcontinent. Notably, in the solar geoengineered scenario, marginal surface cooling is projected over the majority of the ISM region, and there is strengthening of both upper and lower level circulation. However, preferential precipitation near Western Ghats leads to dry bias over majority of Indian land. Upon the termination of the geoengineering, the climatic conditions—temperature, precipitation, winds and moisture would abruptly change to what it would have been under the global warming scenario. Thus, this may be important to note that such changes may need attention for the future mitigation and adaptation purposes if solar geoengineering is required to implement in future.
Identification of an optimal prolactin threshold to determine prolactinoma size using receiver operating characteristic analysis
Authors: Leca Bianca M. , Mytilinaiou Maria , Tsoli Marina , Epure Andreea , Aylwin Simon J. B. , Kaltsas Gregory , Randeva Harpal S. , Dimitriadis Georgios K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProlactinomas represent the most common type of secretory pituitary neoplasms, with a therapeutic management that varies considerably based on tumour size and degree of hyperprolactinemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and prolactinoma size, and to determine a cut-off PRL value that could differentiate micro- from macro-prolactinomas. A retrospective cohort study of 114 patients diagnosed with prolactinomas between 2007 and 2017 was conducted. All patients underwent gadolinium enhanced pituitary MRI and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. 51.8% of patients in this study were men, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 42.32 ± 15.04 years. 48.2% of the total cohort were found to have microadenomas. Baseline serum PRL concentrations were strongly correlated to tumour dimension (r = 0.750, p = 0.001). When performing the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.976, indicating an excellent accuracy of the diagnostic method. For a value of 204 μg/L (4338 mU/L), sensitivity and specificity were calculated at 0.932 and 0.891, respectively. When a cut off value of 204 μg/L (4338 mU/L) was used, specificity was 93.2%, and sensitivity 89.1%, acceptable to reliably differentiate between micro- and macro- adenomas.
Design aspects of vaginal applicators that influence acceptance among target users
Authors: Bakke Alyssa J. , Zaveri Toral , Higgins Molly J. , Ziegler Gregory R. , Hayes John E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough sensory-guided product design is most traditionally used by food and beverage companies, the approach has widespread application for many other products, including pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Previously, our team used sensory methods to explore preclinical optimization of soft-gel vaginal microbicides. Past clinical trials suggest vaginal microbicides may be an effective means for women to protect themselves from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, but these microbicides will not work if they are not used due to poor acceptability. Our prior work suggests properties like firmness, size, and shape all influence women’s willingness to try soft-gel vaginal suppositories. As product insertion is part of the overall experience of using vaginal microbicides, understanding the features of vaginal applicators that appeal to women, and incorporating these insights into vaginal drug delivery systems, may also improve user adherence. Despite widespread use of vaginal applicators, there is minimal public data on women’s perceptions of and preferences for physical applicator features. Other work suggests women want vaginal applicators that are single use, pre-filled, made of plastic, and easy to use, store, and discard. Applicator attributes that may be important to women, such as length, color, or visual appeal, have not been investigated previously. The objective of this research was to understand what physical applicator attributes are appealing to women. Here, 18 commercially available applicators were evaluated by a convenience sample of women (n = 102) for overall liking and perceptions of various attributes (perceived length and width, ease-of-grip, expected ease-of-use, expected comfort inside the body, visual appeal, color liking, and environmental friendliness). Preference mapping using both liking data and attribute data showed attributes such as color, visual appeal, ease of grip, expected ease of use, and expected comfort inside the body drove higher liking ratings for applicators, while perceived length negatively affected liking. In general, plastic tampon applicators contained more positive features and were better liked relative to a cardboard tampon applicator or applicators for insertion of medicated gels or suppositories. Incorporating more desirable features into applicators meant for insertion of vaginal microbicides or other vaginal medications may improve the user experience, and possibly user adherence.
Evaluation of the performance and gas emissions of a tractor diesel engine using blended fuel diesel and biodiesel to determine the best loading stages
Authors: Emaish Haitham , Abualnaja Khamael M. , Kandil Essam E. , Abdelsalam Nader R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFossil fuels are the main energy sources responsible for harmful emissions and global warming. Using biodiesel made from waste deep-frying oil as an alternative fuel source in diesel engines has drawn great attention. This biodiesel is produced using the transesterification process and blends with mineral diesel at Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt. The turbocharged diesel engine of a Kubota M-90 tractor was tested. The objectives of this work are to test tractor as a source of power in the farm using waste deep-frying oil biodiesel to utilize waste frying oils (WFO) in clean energy production on the farm and determine the best engine loading stages to maximize engine efficiencies for different fuel blends and reduce the environmental impact of gas emissions from tractor diesel engines in the farms. The experiment design was factorial, with two factors, where the first was the engine load (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and the second was fuel blend (0%, 5%, 20%, and 100% biodiesel), and the effects of loading stages and biodiesel percentage on engine performance indicators of engine speed, power take off torque, power take off power, brake power, brake mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and gas emissions were studied. The experimental results indicated that engine load percentage and fuel blend percentage significantly affected all studied characters, and the best engine loading stages were between 25 and 75% to maximize engine efficiency and minimize the specific fuel consumption and gas emissions. Increasing the biodiesel percentage at all loading stages resulted decreasing in Engine brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency, Power take-off (PTO) torque, and brake mean effective pressure and increases in brake specific fuel consumption. Increasing the engine load resulted in decreases in O2 emissions and increases in CO2, CO, NO, and SO2 emissions. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the blended fuel samples resulted in increases in O2 and NO emissions and decreases in CO2, CO, and SO2 emissions. The use of biodiesel with diesel fuel reduces the environmental impact of gas emissions and decreases engine efficiency.
Room-temperature NH3gas sensor based on atomically dispersed Co with a simple structure
Authors: Tian Renbing , Ji Peng , Luo Zhichao , Li Jiaming , Sun Jinghua 
Published: May 2021

Atomically dispersed Co was first used as an NH3 gas sensor in this work, which realized stable and repeatable gas sensing performance at room temperature. A mechanism was proposed to explain the sensing behavior based on atomically dispersed Co.
Assembly of polycyclic N-heterocycles via copper-catalyzed cycloamination of indolylquinones and aromatic amines
Authors: Dong Yu , Mei Ting , Ye Ji-Xian , Chen Xiang-Long , Jiang Hui , Chang Bo , Wang Zhi-Fan , Shi Zhi-Chuan , Li Zhong-Hui , He Bing 
Published: May 2021

The copper-catalyzed cycloamination of indolylquinones and various (hetero)aromatic amines under ligand-free conditions has been developed. This method allows access to polycyclic N-heterocycles with tolerance of chloride, etc. groups in 60–89%.
Low‐leakage zero‐static power consumption analogue CMOS switch
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppe , Mesri Alireza , Toso Fabio , Zanetto Francesco , Ferrari Giorgio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe architecture of a low‐leakage switch in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology developed to implement long‐term analogue memories for low‐power applications is presented. The switch reduces the leakage current using a cascade of modified pass‐transistors without active circuits, thus producing a negligible power consumption. The technique is simple, modular, robust, and reduces the leakage current down to tens of aA at room temperature using a TSMC 0.18 µm technology.
Using spatio‐temporal deep learning for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information
Authors: Rahman Md. Hishamur , Rifaat Shakil Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo reduce passenger waiting time and driver search friction, ride‐hailing companies need to accurately forecast spatio‐temporal demand and supply‐demand gap. However, due to spatio‐temporal dependencies pertaining to demand and supply‐demand gap in a ride‐hailing system, making accurate forecasts for both demand and supply‐demand gap is a difficult task. Furthermore, due to confidentiality and privacy issues, ride‐hailing data are sometimes released to the researchers by removing spatial adjacency information of the zones, which hinders the detection of spatio‐temporal dependencies. To that end, a novel spatio‐temporal deep learning architecture is proposed in this paper for forecasting demand and supply‐demand gap in a ride‐hailing system with anonymised spatial adjacency information, which integrates feature importance layer with a spatio‐temporal deep learning architecture containing 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and zone‐distributed independently recurrent neural network (IndRNN). The developed architecture is tested with real‐world datasets of Didi Chuxing, which shows that the models based on the proposed architecture can outperform conventional time‐series models (e.g. ARIMA) and machine learning models (e.g. gradient boosting machine, distributed random forest, generalized linear model, artificial neural network). Additionally, the feature importance layer provides an interpretation of the model by revealing the contribution of the input features utilized in prediction.
Room temperature chemical synthesis of Bi2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Varshney Akash , Khan Jamal Ahmad , Ahmad Irfan , Uddin Imran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, room temperature synthesis of Bi2O3 nanoparticles in a single‐pot reaction is reported. The nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing Bi(NO3)3·5H2O with NaBH4 as a reducing agent, SDS and oleic acid as stabilizing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and HR‐TEM. The crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed through XRD and HRTEM data analysis. An average particle size of 14 nm (with quasi‐spherical morphology) and a wide band gap were measured for the synthesized nanoparticles. HRTEM image confirmed a highly crystalline growth at individual nanoparticle level. Dielectric measurement indicates a rapid reduction of both real and imaginary dielectric constants as the frequency increases to higher values. The potential application of the synthesized nanoparticles has been demonstrated in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants present in the industrial waste‐water.
Phase shift control and controller area network assisted proportional resonant control for grid integration of single phase voltage source inverters
Authors: Nirmal S. , Sivarajan K. N. , Jasmin E. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrid integration of inverters using renewable sources of energy is essential for providing a secure and clean source of power supply. Many techniques developed so far control the grid current to realize the regulation of power flow to the power grid. However, implementation of communication assisted synchronization methods for single‐phase full‐bridge inverters is not found to be discussed in the literature. The focus of this research is to conceptualize, simulate, and implement two control techniques, namely Phase Shift Control (PSC) and Controller Area Network Assisted Proportional Resonant Control (CANAPRC) for single‐phase inverters. In the PSC method, the inverter injects the desired real power into the grid by controlling the phase angle between converter and grid voltages. A low complexity synchronization procedure was adopted using single‐phase PLL to generate a reference voltage signal using the PSC method. In contrast, the CANAPRC method outputs a current reference created by the resonant controller using a communication network. The inverter can pump the required real and reactive power to the grid with reduced harmonics, enhanced power‐sharing and transient stability using the two strategies. Simulations in MATLAB R2016a analyze the two models out effectively. Prototype models validate the proposed control strategies.
Thermal management of grid‐tied PV system: A novel active and passive cooling design‐based approach
Authors: Hammad Waleed , Sweidan Tha'er O. , Abuashour Mohammed I. , Khalid Haris M. , Muyeen S. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe photovoltaic (PV) cells are highly sensitive to temperature variations. The linear variation of PV cells with operating temperature could lead to the loss of conversion efficiency and permanent damage of PV material. To address this critical issue, while improving the performance of solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) during the operating period, the deployment of a proper cooling system is a prime requisite in the design process. Considering this, two new and cost‐effective cooling techniques are proposed in this study, which can improve efficiency and increase the life of the PV panel. The first technique is the active cooling design with water. The proposed design enhances the access to PV cells to maximize cooling. The second one is an improved passive cooling technique that uses fins mounted on the backside of PV module. This further reduces the temperature by increasing the heat dissipation. Additionally, a third PV module without any cooling system is deployed as a reference margin. The techniques have been experimentally evaluated and a recommendation is made in order to reduce the temperature variation across the PV panel.
Formulation of a wind farm control strategy considering lifetime of DC‐link capacitor bank of type IV wind turbines
Authors: Nayanasiri Dulika , Li Yunwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cost of energy should be minimised to increase market penetration of wind energy conversion systems. The existing wind farm control strategies are not helpful since they speed up the damage in upstream wind turbines. Therefore, a control strategy is proposed to maximise the energy yield while equalising lifetime of one of the most fragile sub‐system of the wind turbines. The DC‐link capacitor bank of the back‐to‐back converters is considered to this end. The proposed control strategy can be directly applied in systems based on type 4 wind turbines with full power converters. This exposition reveals the formulation of the control strategy by analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing strategies based on the maximum power output. The lifetime‐based control strategy is extended to formulate a multi‐stage reactive power dispatch method with the help of a total energy‐based strategy. The effectiveness of all control strategies is validated using the model‐based simulations.
Main‐lobe jamming suppression and target detection in signal ratio feature domain for multistatic radar
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Liu Ziwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMain‐lobe blanket jamming is a challenging jamming pattern in electronic warfare. Based on the difference in spatial correlation between target echoes and jamming signals, signal cancellation has been used to suppress the main‐lobe jamming in multistatic radar. However, the cancellation residue and the extra superimposed noise would lead to serious degradation in target detection. In this paper, instead of cancelling the jamming in the power domain, a feature domain, named signal ratio feature domain, is defined to suppress main‐lobe jamming with the excepted targets retained simultaneously. The jamming signal is suppressed in the background due to the high correlation among different receivers, whereas the targets will be highlighted on account of its independence. Then, in the defined feature domain, a target detector with constant false alarm ratio in the Neyman–Pearson sense is applied to detect the highlighted targets. Numerical simulation is given to verify the jamming suppression ability of the proposed method, and the performance improvement in target detection compared with the available cancellation methods is also covered.
Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Current Perspectives on Medical
Treatment
Authors: Araújo Alexandra Novais , Bugalho Maria João 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. For stage I
and II tumors, surgery is a curative option, but even in these cases recurrence
is frequent. Practical guidelines advocate a combination of mitotane with
etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic
adrenocortical carcinoma. However, this scheme presents limited efficacy and
high toxicity. The use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) and multi-Tyrosine
Kinase Inhibitors (mTKI) has modified the approach of multiple malignancies. The
expectation of their applicability on advanced adrenocortical carcinoma is high
but the role of these new therapies persists unclear. This article provides a
short summary of last years’ findings targeting outcomes, limitations,
and adverse effects of these new therapeutic approaches. The results of recent
trials and case series pointed pembrolizumab as the most promising drug among
these new therapies. It is the most often used ICI and the one presenting the
best results with less related adverse effects when in comparison to the
standard treatment with mitotane. Hereafter, the identification of specific
molecular biomarkers or immune profiles associated with ICI or mTKI good
response will facilitate the selection of candidates for these therapies. So
far, microsatellite instability and Lynch Syndrome related germline mutations
are suggested as predictive biomarkers of good response. Contrarywise, cortisol
secretion has been associated with more aggressive ACC tumors and potentially
poor responses to immunotherapy.
A dual-magneto-optical-trap atom gravity gradiometer for determining the Newtonian gravitational constant
Authors: Mao De-Kai , Deng Xiao-Bing , Luo Hua-Qing , Xu Yao-Yao , Zhou Min-Kang , Duan Xiao-Chun , Hu Zhong-Kun 
Published: May 2021

As part of a program to determine the gravitational constant G using multiple independent methods in the same laboratory, an atom gravity gradiometer is being developed. The gradiometer is designed with two magneto-optical traps to ensure both the fast simultaneous launch of two atomic clouds and an optimized configuration of source masses. Here, the design of the G measurement by atom interferometry is detailed, and the experimental setup of the atom gravity gradiometer is reported. A preliminary sensitivity of 3 × 10−9 g/Hz to differential gravity acceleration is obtained, which corresponds to 99 E/Hz (1 E = 10−9 s−2) for the gradiometer with a baseline of 0.3 m. This provides access to measuring G at the level of less than 200 parts per million in the first experimental stage.
Ultra-low supply voltage crystal quartz oscillator
Authors: Korolev A. M. , Shulga V. M. , Turutanov O. G. 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an ultra-low-voltage crystal quartz oscillator is proposed. The design of the proposed oscillator is essentially based on using a HEMT operating in an unsaturated dc regime and a quartz resonator as a resonant impedance transformer. The 25 MHz prototype shows steady oscillations at the supply voltage of less than 17 mV and the power consumption as low as 300 nW, i.e., 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the other to-date oscillators. This approach is good for building ultra-low consumption radio devices including those working at low temperatures.
Development of a thin high-frequency and high-precision magnetic probe array in Sino-United Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Cheng Zhengbo , Tan Yi , Gao Zhe , Wang Shouzhi , Wang Binbin , Liu Wenbin 
Published: May 2021

Since the major/minor radius of the Sino-United Spherical Tokamak (SUNIST) is 0.3/0.23 m, respectively, the space left for magnetic diagnostics in the high field side (HFS) is quite limited. At the same time, a good signal-to-noise ratio and a high-frequency response (up to 1 MHz) are required for equilibrium reconstruction (ER) and Alfven eigenmode studies. Such a magnetic probe array must be extremely thin and tightly close to the central column, not exceeding the inner limiter and leaving the aspect ratio of the spherical tokamak unchanged. Therefore, the turn number and the shape of windings should be highly optimized to enable both a high-frequency response and an enough effective area. A 32-channel magnetic probe array fulfilling these requirements on the central column is designed, calibrated, and installed in the SUNIST. The array consists of 16 probes. Each of them consists of two perpendicular windings, which can measure toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields simultaneously. The effective area and frequency response of each probe are calibrated using a Helmholtz coil and an LCR bridge based on an equivalent probe-and-cable circuit model. After that, an expression of the magnetic diagnostic response to the field coil currents is used to calibrate the installation error. With the full coverage of magnetic probes in the poloidal direction, more reliable ER can be obtained, and the features of magnetohydrodynamic activities in the HFS can be studied.