bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retroflexed view for reexamination of the right colon after forward view examination: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lv Xiu‐He , Lu Qing , Sun Yi‐Ning , Deng Kai , Yang Jin‐Lin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe effect of retroflexed view (RV) for the reexamination of the right colon after forward view (FV) examination has not been fully understood.MethodsWe searched multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for prospective studies exploring the role of RV for reexamination of the right colon. A meta‐analysis was performed on outcomes including lesion detection rates, lesion miss rates, and withdrawal time.ResultsFour randomized controlled trials aimed to compare the impact of the second withdrawal from the right colon in RV vs. FV following a standard colonoscopy. Both the additional adenoma detection rate (AADR) and additional polyp detection rate (APDR) of the right colon were lower in the RV group compared with the FV group (risk ratio [RR] 0.73 for AADR; RR 0.76 for APDR); similar results were noted in comparisons of the adenoma miss rate and polyp miss rate. Six prospective cohort studies aimed to describe the effect of the RV examination of the right colon after one or two rounds of FV examination. Both the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) of the right colon were slightly higher in combined examinations with RV examination than single FV examination (RR 1.11 for ADR; RR 1.16 for PDR) or two FV examinations (RR 1.21 for ADR; RR 1.22 for PDR).ConclusionsFV may detect more adenomas and polyps than RV during the second withdrawal from the right colon. RV may detect additional adenomas and polyps in the right colon after two FV examinations.
Transcranial direct current stimulation over the left anterior temporal lobe during memory retrieval differentially affects true and false recognition in the DRM task
Authors: Friehs Maximilian A. , Greene Ciara , Pastötter Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non‐invasive brain stimulation that has been used to modulate human brain activity and cognition. One area which has not yet been extensively explored using tDCS is the generation of false memories. In this study, we combined the Deese‐Roediger‐McDermott (DRM) task with stimulation of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) during retrieval. This area has been shown to be involved in semantic processing in general and retrieval of false memories in the DRM paradigm in particular. During stimulation, 0.7 mA were applied via a 9 cm² electrode over the left ATL, with the 35 cm² return electrode placed over the left deltoid. We contrasted the effects of cathodal, anodal, and sham stimulation, which were applied in the recognition phase of the experiment on a sample of 78 volunteers. Results showed impaired recognition of true memories after both anodal and cathodal stimulation in comparison to sham stimulation, suggesting a reduced signal‐to‐noise ratio. In addition, the results revealed enhanced false recognition of concept lure items during cathodal stimulation compared to anodal stimulation, indicating a polarity‐dependent impact of tDCS on false memories in the DRM task. The pathway by which tDCS modulated false recognition remains unclear: stimulation may have changed the activation of irrelevant lures or affected the weighting and monitoring of lure activations. Nevertheless, these results are a first step towards using brain stimulation to decrease false memories. Practical implications of the findings for real‐life settings, for example, in the courtroom, need to be addressed in future work.
A transient decrease in heart rate with unilateral and bilateral galvanic vestibular stimulation in healthy humans
Authors: Pliego Adriana , Vega Rosario , Gómez Rocío , Reyes‐Lagos José J. , Soto Enrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study of cardiovascular function with galvanic vestibular stimulation has provided evidence on the neural structures that are involved in the vestibulo‐autonomic reflex. This study determined if the effect on heart rate using galvanic vestibular stimulation persists after provoking a sympathetic response and if this response differs when using unilateral or transmastoid (bilateral) stimulation. We analysed heart rate and heart rate variability using unilateral and transmastoid galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with cardiovascular reflex evoked by postural change in 24 healthy human subjects. Three electrode configurations were selected for unilateral stimulation considering the anatomical location of each semicircular canal. We compared recordings performed in seated and standing positions, and with unilateral and transmastoid stimulation. With subjects seated, a significant transient decrease in heart rate was observed with unilateral stimulation. With transmastoid stimulation, heart rate decreased in both seated and standing positions. Average intervals between normal heartbeats recorded with stimulation resemble parasympathetic cardiac function induced by auricular vagal nerve stimulation. Our results indicate that unilateral stimulation does not eliminate the natural heart rate increase caused by orthostatic hypotension. In contrast, transmastoid stimulation provoked a transient reduction in heart rate, even when subjects were standing. These responses should be considered while performing experiments with galvanic vestibular stimulation and subsequent effects in cardiac regulation mechanisms.
Clinical predictors and neural correlates for compromised swallowing safety in Huntington disease
Authors: Schumann‐Werner Beate , Dogan Imis , Mirzazade Shahram , Mall Bettina , Overbeck Rena , Honrath Philipp , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin , Werner Cornelius J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDysphagia is one of the most common and important complications in Huntington disease (HD), frequently leading to aspiration pneumonia and mortality. Objective estimates of prevalence using instrumental diagnostics and data on neural correlates of dysphagia in HD are scarce or lacking entirely. Similarly, its correlation with other clinical markers is still not fully known. We aimed at defining clinical risk factors and neural correlates for compromised swallowing safety in HD more precisely.MethodsThirty‐four HD subjects (16 female, Shoulson & Fahn Stage I–IV, two premanifest) underwent a full clinical–neurological examination including the cranial nerves, the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale total motor score, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed by a trained speech and language therapist. Twenty‐six subjects additionally underwent a high‐resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (T1, 3‐T Siemens Prisma). Moreover, we correlated clinical and atrophy (MRI) measures with swallowing safety levels as judged by the validated Penetration–Aspiration Scale.ResultsFEES showed penetration or aspiration in 70.6%. Using partial correlation, no significant correlations were found between swallowing safety and any of the clinical markers after correcting for disease duration and CAG repeat length. Voxel‐based morphometry demonstrated atrophy associated with compromised swallowing safety in a network of parietothalamocerebellar areas related to sensorimotor communication, notably excluding striatum.ConclusionsOur results characterise dysphagia in HD as a disorder of communication between sensory and motor networks involved in swallowing. This finding and high rates of silent aspiration argue in favor of instrumental swallowing evaluation early in the disease.
Sell‐side analyst recommendation revisions and hedge fund trading before and after regulation fair disclosure
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa Onur , Celiker Umut , Lawrence Edward R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine institutional trading in relation to changes in consensus recommendations over time. We find that pre‐Reg FD's positive contemporaneous relation between hedge fund trading and change in consensus becomes negative after Reg FD, but the positive relation between nonhedge fund trading and change in consensus continues even after Reg FD. Furthermore, during post‐Reg FD, while the performance of hedge funds’ trades that contradict with analysts improve, nonhedge funds’ trades that agree with analysts significantly deteriorate. Our evidence suggests that hedge funds have better information processing skill and are more cognizant about the role of selective information in analyst recommendations.
Immunological and virological response to initial antiretroviral therapy among older people living with HIV in the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC)
Authors: Zhabokritsky A , Szadkowski L , Burchell AN , Cooper C , Hogg RS , Hull M , Kelly DV , Klein M , Loutfy M , McClean A , Montaner J , Walmsley SL ,   for the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) Collaboration
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of immunological recovery and virological suppression in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the growing population of older people living with HIV (PLWH), as treatment regimens become more effective and tolerable.MethodsAn interprovincial Canadian cohort of treatment‐naïve PLWH who initiated ART after 1 January 2000 was used and age assessed in decades. Longitudinal absolute CD4 count response to treatment was modelled using generalized estimating equations. Cumulative incidence functions and proportional hazards models with a competing risk of death were used to estimate time to: (1) CD4 ≥ 200 cells/µL, (2) CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL, (3) virological suppression (≤ 50 copies/mL), and (4) virological failure (> 200 copies/mL).ResultsIn all, 12 489 individuals starting ART between 2000 and 2016 with one or more post‐treatment CD4 count or viral load were included in the analysis. Age > 60 years was associated with lower absolute CD4 recovery (adjusted β = −31 cells/µL) compared with age ≤ 30 years when pre‐treatment CD4 count and other covariates were accounted for. Older age groups were less likely to achieve a CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL, with the greatest effect in the > 60 group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.84 vs. age ≤ 30). Older age groups were more likely to achieve viral suppression (age > 60, aHR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05–1.37) and less likely to have virological failure (age > 60, aHR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.3–0.71) compared with those aged ≤ 30 years.ConclusionsOlder adults have robust virological responses to ART; however, individuals over the age 60 are more likely to experience blunted CD4 recovery.
Taking the entrepreneur out of entrepreneurship
Authors: Coad Alex , Storey David J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis ‘Debate Essay’ responds to the extensive overview of research on new venture survival provided by Soto‐Simeone et al. (‘New venture survival: A review and extension’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 22(4), 2020, pp. 378–407). The material they reviewed exclusively emphasized the link between the talents, skills, awareness of the business owner and new venture outcomes. Our case is that such a review is incomplete, even misleading, because it omits the key concept of ‘chance’, and all references to the stream of literature demonstrating that new venture performance is best explained by the gambling analogy. We therefore set out the Gambler's Ruin model in which new venture performance is a random walk and exit depends on access to financial resources—chips. This model takes the entrepreneur out of entrepreneurship.
A meta‐analysis of the comparison of phlebitis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters in infusion therapy
Authors: Lu Huapeng , Yang Qinling , Tian Boyan , Lyu Yi , Zheng Xuemei , Xin Xia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the risk of phlebitis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters in infusion therapy with a meta‐analysis.DesignThis was a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesWeb of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and SinoMed were searched from inception to May 2020.Review MethodsAll studies comparing the risk of phlebitis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters were included. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two authors independently assessed the literature and extracted the data. Meta‐analyses were conducted to generate estimates of phlebitis risk in patients with midline catheters verse peripherally inserted central catheters, and publication bias was evaluated with RevMan 5.3.ResultsA total of seven studies were collected, involving 1377 participants. The incidence of phlebitis with midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters was 1.52% and 3.41%. Meta‐analysis showed that the incidence of phlebitis has no significant difference between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters. The sensitivity analysis shows that the results from this meta‐analysis are fair in overall studies. All studies have no significant publication bias.ConclusionThis study provides the first systematic assessment of the risk of phlebitis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters. The incidence of phlebitis has no significant difference between them. There are many factors to consider when choosing vascular access devices.
Courting diaspora for foreign direct investment: The conditional nature of diaspora engagement
Authors: Kulakevich Tatsiana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on an understudied aspect of the relationship between states and their diasporas—emigration policies attracting diaspora investment. I find that countries with weaker rule of law face particularly strong incentives to adopt diaspora engagement policies and engage in initiatives attracting diaspora investment as opposed to the countries with stronger rule of law. This argument is illustrated through an investment game between migrant investors and governments with different strengths of rule of law. It is tested by using the data from multiple levels of analysis: original and existing data examining the instances when top government officials reach out to their diasporas for investment and bilateral foreign direct investment and migration data.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts: Key players in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Desbois Mélanie , Wang Yulei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer immunotherapies have rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape for cancer. Nevertheless, most of the patients show innate or acquired resistance to these therapies. Studies conducted in recent years have highlighted an emerging role of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in immune regulation that shapes the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and influences response to cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we outline recent advances in the understanding of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CAFs. We will focus on emerging roles of CAFs in shaping the TIME, especially under a framework of tumor immunity continuum, and discuss current and future CAF‐targeting therapeutic strategies in particular in the context of optimizing the success of immunotherapies.
Lymphedema rehabilitation: Provision and practice patterns among service providers: National survey
Authors: Omar Mohammed T. A. , Al‐Dhwayan Nouf M. , Gwada Rehab F. M. , Armer Jane M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInformation on the current practices and quantification of lymphedema service may be beneficial to promote and improve the current health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the characteristics of lymphedema practitioners, and lymphedema patients' profiles, and provide a comprehensive picture of lymphedema service provision in Saudi Arabia. A cross‐sectional study design used an online survey to gather data. The survey included information about demographic and professional characteristics of lymphedema practitioners, lymphedema profiles, questions on the services provided, and perceived barriers in providing services. Eighteen lymphedema practitioners (38%) responded to the survey. Most of the respondents were physical therapists (94%), who had completed 135 hours of basic training course, and were certified as lymphedema therapists (89%). Most of these practitioners were in Riyadh (58%), Jeddah (25%), and Dammam (17%). About 75% of patients seen by practitioners had secondary lymphedema, predominately breast cancer‐related lymphedema (47%). The average number of lymphedema practitioners per service is three. The perceived barriers reported included an inadequate number of certified therapists (100%), difficulties with transportation and lack of financial support (each; 72%), and limited space for lymphedema practice/management (89%). The results suggest lymphedema practitioners provide reasonable services for lymphedema patients; however, services are still limited and needs are unmet. Therefore, more staffing is required to promote awareness of the condition and related services, to develop and implement appropriate educational strategies, and improve geographical and multidisciplinary coordination of the services in Saudi Arabia.
Prevalence and predictors of medication non‐adherence among older community‐dwelling people with chronic disease in Singapore
Authors: Chew Suet Mei , Lee Jia Hua , Lim Su Fee , Liew Min Jia , Xu Yi , Towle Rachel Marie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence and predictors of medication non‐adherence among older community‐dwelling people with at least one chronic disease in Singapore.DesignA single‐centre cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study was conducted in the largest tertiary public hospital in Singapore between May 2019 and December 2019. The community nurses of the hospital recruited a total of 400 community‐dwelling older people aged ≥60 years old, who were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease and prescribed with at least one long‐term medication. Medication non‐adherence was assessed using the self‐report 5‐item Medication Adherence Report Scale, operationalized as a score of <25. A list of potential factors of medication non‐adherence was structured based on the World Health Organization five‐domain framework and collected using a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsSixty percent (n = 240) of our participants were non‐adherent to their medication regime. Older people who smoked (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.14–7.33), perceived their medication regime as being complicated (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.26–5.13), felt dissatisfied with their regime (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.17–5.31), did not know the purpose of all their medications (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.42–4.63) and experienced side effects (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.14–9.67) were found to be predictive of medication non‐adherence.ConclusionMedication adherence was found to be poor in community‐dwelling older people in Singapore. The predictors identified in this study can help guide healthcare professionals in identifying older people who are at risk of medication non‐adherence and inform the development of interventions to improve adherence.ImpactMedication non‐adherence, especially in the older population with chronic diseases, constitutes a serious problem as it undermines the efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the underlying chronic diseases. To improve adherence, our findings propose the importance of assessing the older person's treatment satisfaction, which includes examining the aspects of side effects, effectiveness and convenience. Additionally, we highlight the need to address the older person's medication knowledge deficit.
Breeding strategies for improving smallholder dairy cattle productivity in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Chawala Aluna R. , Sanchez‐Molano Enrique , Dewhurst Richard J. , Peters Andrew , Chagunda Mizeck G. G. , Banos Georgios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBreeding strategies for smallholder dairy farming systems in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) were simulated and evaluated considering cow traits identified as priorities by farmers in different agro‐ecological zones. These traits were related to cow milk yield, fertility, temperament, feed intake and disease resistance. The first breeding strategy was based on continuous importation of genetically superior exotic dairy sire semen to SSA and crossing with local females leading to a gradual upgrade of the indigenous population. The second strategy assumed that semen from elite exotic bulls would be imported to SSA and used on indigenous cows to produce F1 animals. Thereafter, elite animals would be selected from within the F1 and each subsequent generation to establish a new synthetic breed. The third strategy was to improve the indigenous population by genetically selecting the best sires available domestically. Results showed positive genetic progress for all breeding goal traits. After 15 generations of selection, the genetic response of the importation strategy exceeded the corresponding genetic response of the synthetic breed strategy by 20%–60%. The former also exceeded the genetic response of the indigenous breed improvement strategy by 43%–75%. Potentially there is an opportunity for breeders to choose an appropriate breeding strategy that fits a specific need of smallholder dairy farmers.
The species–area relationship in ant ecology
Authors: Ohyama Leo , Holt Robert D. , Matthews Thomas J. , Lucky Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe positive relationship between species richness and area—the species–area relationship (SAR)—is a key principle in ecology. Previous studies show large variation in the SAR across taxa collectively indicating the necessity of a taxon‐focused approach to accurately evaluate biodiversity scaling patterns. Ants are ideal for this given their global distribution and role in ecosystem functioning. Using data from insular ant communities, this study quantified and investigated various attributes of ant SARs and reviewed the SAR literature for ant faunas, world‐wide, to identify specific areas for improvement.LocationIslands around the world.TaxonAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).MethodsWe aggregated data on species richness and island characteristics from previous studies on ant SARs to evaluate effects of climate, biogeographic realm, and latitude on slope values from these studies. A multimodel inference approach was used to determine the form of the different SARs, and whether there were any differences between mainland and insular SARs. We also assessed differences between mainland and insular SAR slopes and intercepts. To seek a general slope coefficient for ants, we used a mixed‐effect model. Finally, we tested for potential thresholds in the global insular SAR using piecewise regression models.ResultsThere was a negative relationship between SAR slopes and precipitation in both mainland and insular SARs, while SAR slopes and intercept values were higher in mainland compared to insular systems. Strong evidence of thresholds emerged in the global insular SAR. Finally, a general slope of 0.16 was observed for insular systems, which is lower than found in previous studies.Main ConclusionsA taxon‐focused approach proves to showcase unexpected patterns in the SAR. Ant diversity increases faster across area in mainland areas compared to true islands. The influences of climate and biogeographic realms on the ant SAR warrant deeper study. Our review highlights knowledge gaps in the ant SAR that also extend to other taxa, such as the effects of nonnative species on the SAR.