bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speed Fuzzy Logic Control for an Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Hodge Neil Eugene , Shi Linda Zhixia , Trabia Mohamed B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Autonomous vehicles can be used in variety of applications such as hazardous environment or intelligent highway system. Fuzzy logic seems to be an appropriate choice for this area since it can deal with uncertainties. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic controller for the speed of an autonomous vehicle as it moves toward a target amid static and dynamic obstacles. The controller is divided into separate modules to mimic the way humans think while driving. One module speeds and slows the vehicle as it moves toward the target while another controls the speed in the neighborhood of obstacles. A third module controls the speed of the vehicle as it turns sharp corners. The paper also proposes a method for automatic tuning of the target throttle control module to stabilize the velocity of the vehicle as it approaches its target. The paper contains a simulation example to demonstrate the presented concepts.
Support for Efficient Modeling of Multidisciplinary Systems
Authors: Mann Heřman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper advocates for the multipole approach to physical modeling. Thanks to isomorphism between the configuration of real systems and their multipole models, these models can be easily set up based on mere inspection of the systems. The relationship between multipole and bond-graph approaches is explained in the paper using linear graphs. It is shown that it is the oversimplified representation of multiports what makes the bond graphs so cumbersome and ambiguous.
State Space Modeling of Differential-Algebraic Systems Using Singularly Perturbed Sliding Manifolds
Authors: Gordon Brandon W. , Liu Sheng , Asada Haruhiko H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Physical systems are often most systematically modeled using a mixed set of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAEs). However, high index DAE systems which possess identically singular algebraic constraints can present a number of problems in simulation and control. A key difficulty with these systems is that they are not expressed in an explicit state space representation. This paper describes a new modeling approach based on singularly perturbed sliding manifolds for developing state space realizations of high index DAE systems. The new method is illustrated for a model of a two phase flow heat exchanger.
Modular Modeling of Engineering Systems Using Fixed Input-Output Structure
Authors: Byam Brooks P. , Radcliffe Clark J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Computer modeling is common in the design and development of complex engineering systems. A system model is built up by connecting the inputs and outputs of several subsystem models. This process requires flexible modeling tools. Models with arbitrary input-output structure have this flexibility but must have their internal equations reformulated to agree with the inputs and outputs used. The flexibility achieved with arbitrary input-output structure occurs at the cost of globally reformulating the equations of each subsystem and component model with every change. Each model equation formulation requires performance verification because every formulation does not have the same guaranteed performance. This can be particularly cumbersome in large models. A fixed input-output structure allows elements to be used without modification of their internal equations. Modular simulation models have the property that their elements have fixed input-output structure while maintaining the flexible assembly required in today’s large complex modeling environments. Structural and automotive examples are given.
Multi Domain Co-Simulation of the Human Thermoregulatory System
Authors: Gu Bei , Asada Haruhiko H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new lumped-parameter model based simulation that describes the dynamics of the human thermoregulatory system. This approach captures the dynamic behavior of the circulation, thermal, and neural control subsystems. These coupled dynamics have never been studied even though subsystem models have existed for some time. The simulator relates the ambient air temperature to the mean arterial blood pressure, skin blood flow, and skin temperature. Experiments are used to verify the model. The simulation results are agreed with the real time experimental measurements. Furthermore, the coupled model and the co-simulator are constructed in a modular fashion that satisfies many requirements of large-scale complex physiological co-simulation.
Optimal Sensor Location Using Observability Analysis of Distributed Structures
Authors: Chaghajerdi Amir H. , Shoureshi Rahmat A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to monitor, diagnose, and assess the state of a structure, which is a distributed parameter system, the spatial distribution and numbers of sensors play a very important role. This paper presents analytical derivation for N-mode observability for structures as a general representation of distributed parameter systems. This derivation provides engineering tools for optimal location of monitoring systems (e.g. sensors) on a structure. To verify these results, this technique has been applied to model of a cable-stayed bridge. Experimental modal analysis is done on the bridge. The resultant natural frequencies and mode shapes are applied to extract optimal sensor locations for the first six vertical modes of the bridge. The optimal sensor locations are evaluated based on a specified performance index related to observability grammians for both cases of displacement sensors and velocity sensors. This observability analysis is applied to the experimental bridge and results are verified.
Comparison Between Parkinson Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects in a Procedural Motor Learning Task: Preliminary Results
Authors: Krebs Hermano I. , Hogan Neville , Hening Wayne , Adamovich Sergei , Poizner Howard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We are studying if Parkinson disease patients (PD) have a learning deficit, particularly a procedural motor learning deficit. PD patients, age-matched and young adult controls were asked to execute point-to-point movements in a “virtual mechanical environment” generated by a portable robot. We compare the learning rate of subjects while they learned to manipulate the novel force field. Our preliminary results suggest that PD patients present a deficit in the rate of procedural motor learning and that we can estimate their learning specific “equivalent” age.
Ultrasonic Sensor Placement Strategy for a Long Cane
Authors: Cai Xiaofeng , Gao Robert X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the placement strategy of ultrasonic sensors to be embedded into a long cane to serve as an electronic aid for the visually impaired. The strategy is based on performance measures for overhanging obstacle detection, which include detectable spatial zone, measurement accuracy, and long cane dynamics. A finite element analysis has been performed to simulate the vibratory response of a long cane with embedded sensors. Experiments have been conducted to verify the analytically derived results. The study provided insight for an optimized structural design of a new type of sensor-embedded long cane that can be used as an effective electronic travel aid for the blind.
Force Tracking Control for Electrohydraulic Active Suspensions Using Output Redefinition
Authors: Osorio Carlos F. , Gopalasamy Srinivasan , Hedrick Karl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an output redefinition strategy for the design of a dual sliding surface force tracking controller for a two degrees of freedom electrohydraulic active suspension system. In the proposed approach, an appropriately redefined output is made to track a modified reference trajectory, which effectively compensates for undesired behavior and controller bandwidth limitations introduced into the system by the built-in feedback of the suspension velocity to the actuator dynamics. Results show a noticeable performance improvement in the controller’s ability to track a variety of desired force reference trajectories, while adequately handling external road disturbances. The careful design of this force tracking controller is an important step towards implementation and realization of the full potential of several linear active suspension control techniques that consider the suspension actuator force as the input to the system. The experimental evaluation of the controller was performed on the UC Berkeley Active Suspension Test Rig.
The Virginia Tech Center for Automotive Fuel Cell Systems, a US Dept. of Energy GATE Center
Authors: Nelson Douglas J. , Ogburn Michael J. , von Spakovsky Michael R. , Olsommer Benoit , Ellis Michael W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies, has established ten Centers of Automotive Technology Excellence under the Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) program. The Virginia Tech GATE Center for Automotive Fuel Cell Systems is an interdisciplinary, government and industry collaboration for research and education. The center has research, laboratory and education programs in fuel cell systems technology for advanced vehicles. Five GATE Fellowships are funded by DoE at the center starting in Fall, 1999. The center is developing laboratory facilities and a graduate course to support the center research.
Sensor Module for Integrated Bearing Condition Monitoring
Authors: Wang Changting , Gao Robert X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To obtain bearing fault signals with high signal-to-noise ratio, an appropriate sensor module needs to be designed and implemented that can be placed in the vicinity of the bearing to be monitored. This paper presents several design issues related to the sensor module, the build-in electronics, and the scheme of wireless signal communication. Advantages of using an integrated sensor over an external sensor for acquiring bearing signals are presented. Experimental studies have been conducted under various loading and speed conditions, using a commercially available ball bearing that has a seeded defect on its inner ring. The defect was detected using power spectrum analysis techniques. The results provided useful input to the further development of signal processing algorithms for bearing defect feature extraction.
Application of Magneto Rheological Dampers for Controlling Shock Loading
Authors: Ahmadian Mehdi , Poynor James C. , Gooch Jason M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study will examine the effectiveness of magneto-rheological (MR) dampers for controlling shock dynamics. Using a system that includes a 50-caliber rifle and a magneto-rheological damper, it is experimentally shown that MR dampers can be quite effective in controlling the compromise that commonly exists between shock forces and strokes across the shock absorber mechanism. A series of tests are conducted to demonstrate that different damping forces by the MR damper can result in different shock-force/stroke profiles. The test results further show that MR dampers can be used in a closed-loop system to adjust the shock loading characteristics in a manner that fits the dynamic system constraints and requirements.
Precision Measurement of Tool-Tip Displacement Using Strain Gages in Precision Flexible Line Boring
Authors: Li Chen-Jung , Ulsoy A. Galip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Precision displacement measurement is a critical element to achieve active control for high-precision (e.g. 5 μm) flexible line boring. Since current measurement methods are difficult to apply in this application, a new measurement method has been developed. This paper presents a new strain-gage based method for the high-precision vibration measurement of a beam. This method is based on the fact that the vibration displacement can be expressed in terms of an infinite number of vibration modes and related to the measured strains through the strain-displacement relationship. By placing multiple sets of strain gages, multiple modes can be taken into account to achieve high-precision measurement. Both simulation and experimental results were obtained and are provided for validation. From these results, it can be concluded that this new measurement method is applicable to high-precision flexible line boring, enabling active control to compensate for the tool-tip displacement to achieve a high-precision machining process.
Input Design for the System Identification (IDSI) of an Ultrasonic 3D Position Estimation System
Authors: Schoen Marco P. , Mahajan Ajay , Kuo Chien-Hsun , Chinvorarat Sinchai , Huang J. K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to develop an input design for the system identification (IDSI) method for improved performance of a 3D position estimation system that uses multiple ultrasonic transducers. In this paper, an input design is proposed based on input/output data gathered from random excitation so as to excite all modes. The data set is then used to compose a new set of input data, from which the system is excited again and identified. The input design method is used for the system identification of ultrasonic sensor pairs (transmitter-receiver) so as to obtain an accurate model. This model is essential for the analysis of the system and its eventual optimization. Results are given that show the comparison of the actual output signal of the system and the output of the model obtained from the IDSI method as well as the identifiability indicator. It is shown that the IDSI is a useful method and improves system identification even in the presence of excessive noise.
Design and Development of a Multi-Module Deployable Manipulator
Authors: Wong Kenneth , Modi Vinod J. , de Silva Clarence W. , Misra Arun K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design and development of a Multi-module Deployable Manipulator System (MDMS) as well as a dynamical formulation for it. The system is designed for experimental investigations aimed at dynamics and control of this variable geometry manipulator by implementing different control algorithms to regulate its performance. The manipulator operates in a horizontal plane and is unique in that it comprises of four modules, each of which has one revolute joint and one prismatic joint, connected in a chain topology. Each module has a slewing link of approximately 20cm length and is capable of extending by 15cm. The manipulator design involves the selection and sizing of actuators, the design of mounting and connecting components, and the selection of hardware as well as software for real-time control. The dynamical model is formulated using an O(N) algorithm, based on the Lagrangian approach and velocity transformations. The O(N) character is computationally efficient permitting real-time control of the system.
Performance Evaluation of Control Networks for Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Lian F.-L. , Moyne J. R. , Tilbury D. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are many different networks which have been promoted for use in manufacturing control systems. In this paper, we discuss the features of three candidates: Ethernet (CSMA/CD), ControlNet (Token Bus) and DeviceNet (CAN Bus). We consider how each of these control networks could be used as a communication backbone for a networked control system. A detailed discussion of the medium access control protocol for each network is provided. The medium access control protocol is responsible for providing both the satisfaction of the time-critical/real-time response requirement over the network and the quality and reliability of the communication between devices on the network. For each protocol, we derive the key parameters of the corresponding network when used in a control situation, including bandwidth, magnitude of the expected time delay, and variation in time delays. Simulation results are presented for several different scenarios, and the advantages and disadvantages of each network are summarized.
Modeling of the Dynamic Contour Error of Five-Axis CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Lin Rong-Shine , Hu C. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the dynamic contour errors due to the coordinated five-axis motion. The dynamic contour error for tracking a contour is defined as the difference between the desired contour and the actual responded tool trajectory to the contouring motion command. We present a methodology on modeling the contour error under a 5-axis machining motion that requires moving the rotation axes and translation axes simultaneously. The derivation includes the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics in terms of homogeneous transformation matrices of a horizontal live-axis machine tool. The input to the contour error model is the measured axial error on each axis. Tire output is the contour error caused by the coordinated five-axis motion. The axial error considered in this model is assumed due to the drive dynamics and the friction force. Computer programs are developed for simulation of the contour error caused by the five-axis motion. The simulation results and analyses are also provided in this paper.
Adaptive Process Control in Noncircular Grinding
Authors: Tönshoff Hans Kurt , Scherger Stephan , Hinkenhuis Helmut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conventional process control in noncircular grinding requires high efforts concerning adjustment and optimization. The increasing demands on multi-product-ability as well as small lot sizes or single piece production do no longer allow these efforts. Furthermore, process relevant information like normal or tangential forces is not monitored, consequently there is no possibility for process quality control to support a constant workpiece quality.
This article introduces a hybrid adaptive control which consists of three components:
The contour pre-filtering unit converts the contour data into a nominal value curve that is twice differentiable.
Limited dynamic ranges of the drives, especially at high rates of workpiece rotations, are considered in the predictive feeddrive position control unit.
The normal force control unit keeps the swelling of the machine at a constant value and therefore improves the dimensional accuracy of noncircular workpieces like e.g. cams.
The hybrid adaptive control dramatically reduces the setup time of the process and results in improved workpiece quality.
Process Feedback Control of Non-Circular Turning for Camshaft Machining
Authors: Sun Zongxuan , Tsao Tsu-Chin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a process feedback control scheme for cam profile generation by non-circular turning process. While precise tool slide motion can be generated based on real-time servo feedback control, it does not necessarily ensure accurate machined cam profiles. The effects of tool/workpiece geometry, tool wears, machine deformations, and spindle runout error can not be measured by the tool slide displacement sensor and hence are not compensated for by the servo control. A process feedback controller is designed to compensate for the repeatable profile errors from one machining cycle to another. Utilizing the fact that the desired cam profile is periodic over one spindle rotation, process feedback control is analyzed and designed in the frequency domain. Implementation of the process feedback control on a steel camshaft turning demonstrates improvement of the maximum cam profile errors from 80 microns to within 20 microns in five iterations.
Buckling of Debonded (Delaminated) Sandwich Panels With Transversely Flexible Core
Authors: Frostig Y. , Sokolinsky V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Buckling behavior of sandwich panels with a compressible core which are debonded at one of their face sheet-core interfaces is presented. The buckling analysis is based on the principles of the High-Order Sandwich Panel Theory (HSAPT). The effect of the delamination length and location on the critical loads and the buckling modes is studied numerically. Edge delamination as well as inner delamination results are presented. The effect of contact on the critical loads and the buckling modes is presented. A comparison with experimental buckling modes is discussed and conclusions are drawn.
Application of Microwave Heating for Adhesive Joining
Authors: Thostenson Erik T. , Chou Tsu-Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In conventional joining of composite materials and sandwich structures, reductions in processing time are limited by inefficient heat transfer. In conventional processing the thermal energy must diffuse through the composite layers to heat the joint interface and cure the thermosetting adhesive, and this outside-in process of heating results in excessive processing times and wasted energy. The purpose of the current work is to examine microwave heating as an alternative to conventional heating for joining of composite structures. Through proper material selection, microwaves are able to penetrate the substrate materials and cure the adhesives in-situ. Selective heating with microwaves is achieved by incorporating interlayer materials that have high dielectric loss properties relative to the substrate materials. In this study, a processing window for elevated temperature curing of an epoxy paste adhesive system (HYSOL EA 9359.3) was developed and composite joint systems were manufactured using conventional and microwave techniques and tested in shear. Microwave curing resulted in both enhanced shear strength and less scatter in experimental data.
Active Sandwich Trim Panels for Quieter Aircraft Interior
Authors: Sun J. Q. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent research in the area of structural acoustic control for aircraft interior noise suppression has been focused on developing active trim panels. Active trim panels being part of non-critical structures offer many advantages over active controls applied to load critical structures such as aircraft frames and skins. This paper presents a study of active sandwich composite trim panels. The paper first investigates the effect of curvature on the dynamics of the trim panel, and the power transfer between the actuator and the host panel. Experimental data of interior noise control are then presented to demonstrate the application of the active trim panels.
Designing With High Temperature Composites
Authors: Miller Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Actual and potential composite applications in commercial and military aircraft gas turbine engines range from low temperature graphite/polymer matrix composite (PMC) components at the front of the engine, such as, fan blades, vanes, struts and cases, to high temperature ceramic matrix composite (CMC) turbine, combustor, augmentor, and nozzle components. Currently the “building block” approach is primarily used in the development of composite components for gas turbine engines. Critical issues associated with the design of composite structures for both commercial and military aircraft gas turbine engines are defined. Critical structural components for both commercial and military gas turbine engines are designed to meet strict safety-of-flight requirements established by the FAA and the Air Force/Navy, respectively. Key design requirements established for damage tolerance and durability are emphasized.