bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corncob structures in dental plaque reveal microhabitat taxon specificity
Authors: Morillo-Lopez Viviana , Sjaarda Alexandra , Islam Imon , Borisy Gary G. , Welch Jessica Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The human mouth is a natural laboratory for studying how bacterial communities differ across habitats. Different bacteria colonize different surfaces in the mouth – teeth, tongue dorsum, and keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia – despite the short physical distance between these habitats and their connection through saliva. We sought to determine whether more tightly defined microhabitats might have more tightly defined sets of resident bacteria. A microhabitat may be characterized, for example, as the space adjacent to a particular species of bacterium. Corncob structures of dental plaque, consisting of coccoid bacteria bound to filaments of Corynebacterium cells, present an opportunity to analyze the community structure of one such well-defined microhabitat within a complex natural biofilm. Here we investigate by fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging the composition of the cocci decorating the filaments.
Results

The range of taxa observed in corncobs was limited to a small subset of the taxa present in dental plaque. Among four major groups of dental plaque streptococci, two were the major constituents of corncobs, including one that was the most abundant Streptococcus species in corncobs despite being relatively rare in dental plaque overall. Images showed both Streptococcus types in corncobs in all individual donors, suggesting that the taxa possess different ecological roles or that mechanisms exist for stabilizing the persistence of functionally redundant taxa in the population. Direct taxon-taxon interactions were observed not only between the Streptococcus cells and the central corncob filament but also between Streptococcus cells and the limited subset of other plaque bacteria detected in the corncobs, indicating microhabitat specialization involving these taxa as well.
Conclusions

The spatial organization we observed in corncobs suggests that each of the microbial participants is capable of interacting with multiple, albeit limited, potential partners, a feature that may encourage the long-term stability of the community. Additionally, our results suggest the general principle that a precisely defined microhabitat will be inhabited by a small and well-defined set of microbial taxa.
Aboriginal Health Workers promoting oral health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women during pregnancy: Development and pilot testing of the Grinnin’ Up Mums &amp; Bubs program
Authors: Kong Ariana , Dickson Michelle , Ramjan Lucie , Sousa Mariana S. , Jones Nathan , Srini Ravi , Chao Jemma , Goulding Joanne , George Ajesh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop and pilot test the model of care, Grinnin’ Up Mums and Bubs, to train Aboriginal Health Workers to promote oral health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women. Methods: Participatory Action Research was employed to develop the different components of the model (oral health promotion resources, training workshop, and a culturally safe referral pathway to dental services). The model was piloted (pre-post) using an embedded mixed-methods design with seven Aboriginal Health Workers at an antenatal service in Western Sydney, Australia. Results: There was a high level of satisfaction with the components of the model of care among the participants, who believed that the model could be integrated into practice. The training showed some improvement in oral health knowledge and confidence. The participants recommended strategies for discussing oral health with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women, and changes in public health dental policy to ensure that all women would be able to access affordable dental services through the referral pathway. Conclusion: The findings suggest a high level of satisfaction with the model of care among the Aboriginal Health Workers. Further evaluation is needed to confirm the short and long-term impact of the model.
The role of indigenous knowledge and local knowledge in water sector adaptation to climate change in Africa: A structured assessment
Authors: Zvobgo Luckson , Johnston Peter , Williams Portia Adade , Trison Chrstopher H , Simpson Nicholas P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Evidence of human adaptation actions responding to climate impacts is increasing in Africa. However, a holistic understanding of effective adaptation across the diversity of African contexts is still limited at a continental scale. Despite high reliance on indigenous knowledge (IK) and local knowledge (LK) for climate adaptation in Africa, the potential risk reduction of IK and LK and its role in supporting transformative adaptation responses is yet to be established. Here, we assess the influence of IK and LK on the implementation of water sector adaptation in Africa and describe the relationship between adaptation and indigenous and local knowledge systems. Eighteen (18) water sector response types were identified from the academic literature through the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI). The most implemented measures across Africa influenced by IK and LK were household-level and individual measures and included irrigation, rainwater harvesting, water conservation and ecosystem-based measures (mainly agroforestry). Southern, west, and east Africa show relatively high evidence of the influence of IK and LK on the implementation of water adaptation responses while north, and central Africa show lower evidence. At country level, Zimbabwe display highest evidence (77.8%) followed by Ghana (53.6%), Kenya (46.2%) and South Africa (31.3%). Adaptation responses with IK and LK influence recorded higher evidence of risk reduction compared to articles without IK and LK. Analysis of intended nationally determined contributions (iNDCs) shows the most implemented water adaptation actions in academic literature are consistent with water sector adaptation targets set by most African governments. Yet only 10.4% of the African governments included IK and LK in adaptation planning in the iNDCs. The study recommends a coordinated approach to adaptation that integrates multiple knowledge sources including IK and LK to ensure greater effectiveness and scalability of current and potential water adaptation measures in Africa.
Degradation of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone by advanced oxidation with UV, H2O2, and O3: parameter optimization and model building
Authors: Pan Zhangbin , Zhu Xiaokang , Li Guifang , Wang Yongqiang , Li Mei , Sun Shaohua , Jia Ruibao , Hou Li'an 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Halobenzoquinones are disinfection by-products with cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the removal of the HBQ 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) from water using advanced oxidation processes. The removal of DCBQ from water using UV, H2O2, and O3 advanced oxidation processes individually was not ideal with removal rates of 36.1% with a UV dose of 180 mJ/cm2, 32.0% with 2 mg/L H2O2, and 57.9% with 2 mg/L O3. Next, we investigated using the combined UV/H2O2/O3 advanced oxidation process to treat water containing DCBQ. A Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the parameters of the UV/H2O2/O3 process, which gave the following optimum DCBQ removal conditions: UV dose of 180 mJ/cm2, O3 concentration of 0.51 mg/L, and H2O2 concentration of 1.76 mg/L. The DCBQ removal rate under the optimum conditions was 94.3%. We also found that lower humic acid concentrations promoted DCBQ degradation, while higher humic acid concentrations inhibited DCBQ degradation.
Effects of Active Video Games on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Comeras-Chueca Cristina , Marin-Puyalto Jorge , Matute-Llorente Angel , Vicente-Rodriguez German , Casajus Jose Antonio , Gonzalez-Aguero Alex 
Published: August 2021

Background
Childhood obesity is one of the most important public health problems. Active video games (AVGs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to increase energy expenditure and are being investigated to determine their effectiveness against childhood obesity.

Objective
The aim of this study is to summarize the existing research and draw conclusions about the effects of AVGs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods
The search strategy was applied to PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. To measure the risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, 2 different quality assessment tools were used. In total, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the variables of interest were BMI, body fat percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference, fat-free mass, muscular fitness, and motor competence. A meta-analysis was performed.

Results
Positive effects were found for BMI and body fat percentage, favoring the AVG group compared with a control group with no intervention (mean difference −0.209; 95% CI −0.388 to −0.031 vs mean difference −0.879; 95% CI −1.138 to −0.602). Positive effects seem to be observed for CRF. The effects of AVG interventions on muscular fitness, fat-free mass, waist circumference, and motor competence are unclear.

Conclusions
AVG programs showed positive effects on BMI, body fat percentage, and CRF. AVG could be a good strategy to combat childhood obesity.
Characteristics of Dimensional Psychopathology in Suicidal Patients With Major Psychiatric Disorders and Its Association With the Length of Hospital Stay: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Park Jimyung , Noh Jai Sung , Roh Hyun Woong , Ha Jae Ho , Lee Eun Young , Son Sang Joon , Park Rae Woong 
Published: August 2021

Background
Suicide has emerged as a serious concern for public health; however, only few studies have revealed the differences between major psychiatric disorders and suicide. Recent studies have attempted to quantify research domain criteria (RDoC) into numeric scores to systematically use them in computerized methods. The RDoC scores were used to reveal the characteristics of suicide and its association with major psychiatric disorders.

Objective
We intended to investigate the differences in the dimensional psychopathology among hospitalized suicidal patients and the association between the dimensional psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and length of hospital stay.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled hospitalized suicidal patients diagnosed with major psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder) between January 2010 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. The RDoC scores were calculated using the patients’ admission notes. To measure the differences between psychiatric disorder cohorts, analysis of variance and the Cochran Q test were conducted and post hoc analysis for RDoC domains was performed with the independent two-sample t test. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between the RDoC scores and sociodemographic features and comorbidity index. To estimate the association between the RDoC scores and length of hospital stay, multiple logistic regression models were applied to each psychiatric disorder group.

Results
We retrieved 732 admissions for 571 patients (465 with depression, 73 with schizophrenia, and 33 with bipolar disorder). We found significant differences in the dimensional psychopathology according to the psychiatric disorders. The patient group with depression showed the highest negative RDoC domain scores. In the cognitive and social RDoC domains, the groups with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder scored higher than the group with depression. In the arousal RDoC domain, the depression and bipolar disorder groups scored higher than the group with schizophrenia. We identified significant associations between the RDoC scores and length of stay for the depression and bipolar disorder groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of the length of stay were increased because of the higher negative RDoC domain scores in the group with depression (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.006-1.114) and decreased by higher arousal RDoC domain scores in the group with bipolar disorder (OR 0.537, 95% CI 0.285-0.815).

Conclusions
This study showed the association between the dimensional psychopathology of major psychiatric disorders related to suicide and the length of hospital stay and identified differences in the dimensional psychopathology of major psychiatric disorders. This may provide new perspectives for understanding suicidal patients.
Normograms in prenatal life of stomach and urinary bladder in the second and third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Witkowski Sławomir , A. Zalinska , M. Słodki , M. Respondek-Liberska 
Published: August 2021

This research analyzes the measurement of fetal stomach and urinary
bladder in healthy fetuses in the second and third trimester of
gestation based on the database of the tertiary center from 2016 to
2019. The fetuses were selected for the study group in case they
presented normal biometry and normal cardiac structure and function, no
extracardiac malformation and no extracardiac anomalies and their
gestational age was between 14 week up to the
40 week of gestation. The normograms from the
analysis are presented. The size of the fetal stomach and urinary
bladder (S/UB index) increases with gestational age on a 1:1 basis.
Conclusions: The average size of the stomach in healthy fetuses between
the 14 – 40 week of gestation was 18 mm (8 – 40
mm) , the average urinary bladder measurement was 17 mm (15 mm – 42 mm)
and the fetal stomach to urinary bladder index (S/UB index) was
constant: 1.26 (0.09 – 3.93). These are simple measurements that be
implemented in daily practice for fetal ultrasound assessment
Representation, COVID-19, and failed metaphor: A critical analysis of the Bay of Plenty District Health Board vaccine booklet
Authors: Rangiwai Byron 
Published: August 2021

This paper will critically analyse the Bay of Plenty District Health Board’s (BOPDHB) controversial vaccine booklet, which featured mataora-adorned cartoon images of the COVID-19 virus. This imagery caused a furore with anecdotal evidence from social media suggesting that Māori were outraged by the portrayal of Māori in this way.
This paper will offer two arguments. The first argument builds on Hokowhitu’s (2001) work, which deconstructed representations of Māori as animalistic, savage-barbarian, physical-unintelligent, mythical, bewildered-childlike, and romanticised-noble. The first argument will extend Hokowhitu’s (2001) analysis by deconstructing the representation of Māori as disease-virus. While it is impossible to understand the BOPDHB’s intentions, the second argument posits that the objective might have been to use the concept of taniwha as a metaphor for COVID-19. Though this argument is significantly weaker than the first, it still warrants some exploration, even if only to provide a sense of balance to this paper.
Impact of prediabetes on cardiovascular disease risk in patients with acute myocardial infarctions
Authors: ÇAKMAK KARAASLAN Özge , ÖZİLHAN Murat Oğuz , ÇÖTELİ Cem , MADEN Orhan 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Prediabetes is known to be associated with increased cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk and mortality. It has been reported that more than 70% of pre-diabetic patients develop Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes increases a 2 to 4 fold risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to non-diabetic patients. This morbidity-mortality relationship begins in the progression phase from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes. We evaluated the relationship between the presence of pre-diabetes by using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and CVD risk in patients presenting with newly diagnosed AMI.
Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-centre and we examined consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography with a diagnosis of AMI at our hospital between March 2019 and September 2020. A total of 332 patients with AMI were enrolled; patients were divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels: non-diabetic group (HbA1c
Myeloprotective and hematoprotective role of kefir on cyclophosphamide toxicity in rats
Authors: ÇETİK YILDIZ Songül , GÖZÜOĞLU Gülay 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Kefir is a probiotic/prebiotic drink with an exotic flavor, which has been traditionally produced with fermented milk and kefir grains containing a mixture of bacteria and yeast. Cyclophosphamide (CPx), are generally limited due to numerous unwanted and severe acute toxic side-effects. For this purpose, the cell-protective effects of kefir, a natural probiotic known for its antitumor and antioxidant properties, on CPx-induced hemotoxicity and myelotoxicity were investigated.
Methods: Group 1 using as control. Group 2 were administered a single dose of 150mg/kg CPx while Group 3 and 5 were given 5 and 10mg/kg kefir. Group 4 and 6 were given 5 and 10mg/kg kefir+150mg/kg CPx. While kefir was administered to the rats for 12 days, CPx was administered as single-dose on the 12th day.
Results: The DPPH results show that kefir possesses high antioxidant activity. It was observed that the leukocytes, thrombocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and bone marrow nucleated cell levels decreased in the group that was administered only CPx, and increased relatively in the groups that were administered CPx+kefir, drawing close to the control.
Conclusion: The results of the present study also showed that kefir demonstrated antioxidant and cytoprotective activity, protecting blood and bone marrow cells against CPx-induced damage.
Evaluation of the nutritional status changes of resident physicians before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BATAR Nazlı , PAK Ceren , TÜFEKÇİ Rivayet Nükra , KOÇAK Betül , ÖZÇALKAP Rümeysa , PAK Pelin , GUNHER ARICA Seçil 
Published: August 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to determine nutritional changes in the working environment of resident physicians before and during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods: Resident physicians working at Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital and who agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected using an online questionnaire method developed by the researchers for determining demographic characteristics and nutritional changes in the study participants. Results were analyzed with the SPSS statistical program.
Results: The COVID-19 outbreak affected the nutritional status of 82.2% of the resident physicians. The rate of physicians trying to eat a healthy diet during the pandemic was 79.1%. However, the number of physicians who increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables during the epidemic was 58.2%. During the pandemic, water consumption of the resident physicians was evaluated, and a 51.1% decrease in water consumption was found. While 78.3% of the physicians slept 6–8 hours per night before the pandemic, this rate decreased to 56.6% during the pandemic while the number of physicians who slept for 1 to 5 hours increased to 38% during the Covid-19 outbreak. A significant relationship between sleep duration before and during the pandemic was found (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The Covid-19 outbreak has greatly and continues to affect the living standards of resident physicians. During the study period, it was observed that the diet and sleep patterns of resident physicians who worked in an intense environment had been disrupted.
Retrospective Donor Hepatectomy Results in Living Donor Liver Transplant– A Single-Center Experience
Authors: DÖNMEZ Ramazan , ANDAÇOĞLU Oya 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: We aimed to describe our technique and donor selection for donor hepatectomy, review our case series and report our complication rates and outcomes.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 41 consecutive donor hepatectomy cases between October 2019 and November 2020 at Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. Complications were graded according to Clavien-Dindo classification. All cases were performed via laparotomy.
Results: Out of 41 donor cases, 38 (92,6%) were right lobe, 2 (4,8%) were left lobe and 1 (2,4%) was left lateral segment donor hepatectomy. Follow up was 9 ±2,2 months (4-16 months). There were 8 (19,5%) complications and all were minor (grade 1 or 2). There were no grade 3 or higher complications. Three (7,3%) of our donors are heterozygous for factor 5 leiden mutation and 4 (9,7%) of our donors had heterozygous prothrombin mutation. Length of stay was average 6.4±1,4 days (range=5-12). Ten donors lost weight with a supervised diet and exercise program. There was one wound complication in this subset of patients.
Conclusions: We present our single center donor hepatectomy series with excellent results. We also describe successful weight loss for donors with Body Mass Index (BMI) >30. Donor safety is the most important component of living donor liver transplantation. As donor results continue to improve, living donor liver transplant (LDLT) will continue expand worldwide.
The change in the frequency of community acquired acute respiratory tract infections in weight loss period after bariatric surgery: An observational case-crossover study. Are those who have had bariatric surgery at risk?
Authors: COŞKUN Serdar , KIRKIL Cüneyt , KİRKİL Gamze 
Published: August 2021

Aim: It is unknown whether there is an increase in the frequency of acquired respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) while the weight loss process continues after bariatric surgery (BS).
Methods: An observational case-crossover study of 366 patients underwent BS between September 2018 and September 2019 was performed. Prospectively recorded data of ARTI events in the first pre- and post-operative ARTI seasons were compared.
Results: Mean age was 36.4 ± 10.9 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 44.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Mean change in BMI in an ARTI season was 13.2 ± 6.1 kg/m2. Among 366 patients, 180 (49.2%) were diagnosed with ARTI and the average numbers of ARTIs was 0.69 ± 0.85 in preoperative season. During the postoperative season, 134 (36.6%) patients were diagnosed with ARTI and the average numbers of ARTIs was 0.49 ± 0.76. Both period prevalence and average number of ARTIs in preoperative ARTI season was significantly higher than postoperative season (P = 0.001 for both). The change in BMI in an ARTI season was correlated with the postoperative period prevalence of ARTIs (r = 0.119, P = 0.022).
Conclusion:	These findings showed that the period prevalence and incidence of ARTIs reduced after BS. However, the frequency of ARTIs was higher in patients with greater weight loss.