bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “grammatical” nature of Wittgenstein's private language investigation
Authors: Lin Francis Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the grammatical nature of Wittgenstein's private language argument (PLA). On my interpretation, the definition of private language implies that the private speaker has no natural expressions for his sensations. This in turn implies that he has no criterion of correctness for using his sensation‐words. This then implies, together with the grammatical rule that a word is senseless without a criterion of correctness for its use, that private sensation‐words are senseless, and hence also that private language is senseless. So in my analysis, Wittgenstein succeeds in dissolving the problem of private language through a grammatical investigation, and therefore, his treatment of private language is consistent with his metaphilosophy. I further explain that Wittgenstein provides a diagnosis of the error of the philosopher who thinks that private language is possible and that he also offers a therapy consisting of analogies or objects of comparison. I also make a comparison with previous studies on the PLA and discuss a number of novelties in my interpretation.
Contemporary art and the geopolitics of extractivism in Turkey's Kurdistan
Authors: Çaylı Eray 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiscussing a body of artwork made in Turkey's Kurdistan, I explore contemporary art's potential to facilitate critical insight into the (geo)politics of ecology today. A significant strand of the growing geographical literature on art's critical potential focuses on issues of ecological import such as climate change, locating critique in problematisation of Eurocentric aesthetics for its links with colonialism and racialised humanism. Still another strand focuses on neoliberal geopolitics, appraising contemporary art's critical potential against post‐political approaches to democracy, peace, and prosperity. I bring together these two strands, both methodologically and empirically, as I consider the politics of ecology in Turkey's Kurdistan, inextricably intertwined with both state‐endorsed racial violence in the 20th century and neoliberal democratisation and peace‐making in the 21st century. Methodologically, I develop and operationalise the concept of extractivism in conversation with recent critics of the Anthropocene thesis who foreground racial capitalism rather than humanity as the geopolitical – geological and geographical – force afflicting ecology. Empirically, I draw on the artworks under discussion to unpack how extractivism in Turkey's Kurdistan has not only continued unabated throughout the neoliberal‐democratic transition from “war” to “peace” but has also structured the latter paradigm on the former, influencing realms beyond resource extraction. The resulting argument is the following. Challenging the Eurocentrism of aesthetics and/or the neoliberal post‐political paradigm remain important indicators of art's critical (geo)political potential. However, a fuller appraisal of this potential also requires asking if and to what extent such challenges redistribute agency vis‐à‐vis power relations formed by and formative of extractivism as a set of racialised practices operating not only through industries of extraction proper, like mining, agriculture, and construction, but also through cultural ones like art.
M. Biceps Femoris Long Head Architecture and Sprint Ability in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Ritsche Paul , Bernhard Thomas , Roth Ralf , Lichtenstein Eric , Keller Martin , Zingg Sabrina , Franchi Martino V. , Faude Oliver 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Hamstring muscle architecture may be associated with sprint performance and the risk of sustaining a muscle injury, both of which increase during puberty. In this study, we investigated the m. biceps femoris long head (BFlh) cross-sectional area (ACSA), fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PA), and sprint performance as well as their relationship in under 13 to 15 youth soccer players. Methods: We measured 85 players in under-13 (n = 29, age = 12.5 [0.1] y, height = 155.3 [6.2] cm, weight = 43.9 [7.6] kg), under-14 (n = 25, age = 13.5 [0.3] y, height = 160.6 [7.7] cm, weight = 47.0 [6.8] kg), and under-15 (n = 31, age = 14.4 [0.3] y, height = 170.0 [7.7] cm, weight = 58.1 [8.8] kg) teams. We used ultrasound to measure BFlh ACSA, FL and PA, and sprint tests to assess 10- and 30-m sprint time, maximal velocity (vmax), and maximal acceleration (αmax). We calculated Pearson r to assess the relationship between sprint ability and architectural parameters. Results: All muscle architectural parameters increased from the under-13 to the under-15 age group (BFlh ACSA = 37%, BFlh FL = 11%, BFlh PA = 8%). All sprint performance parameters improved from the under-13 to under-15 age categories (30-m time = 7%, 10-m time = 4%, vmax = 9%, αmax = 7%). The BFlh ACSA was correlated with 30-m sprint time (r = −.61 (95% compatibility interval [CI] [−.73, −.45]) and vmax (r = .61, 95% CI [.45, .72]). A combination of BFlh ACSA and age best predicted 30-m time (R² = .47 [.33, .62]) and 10-m time (R² = .23 [.08, .38]). Conclusions: Muscle architectural as well as sprint performance parameters increase from the under-13 to under-15 age groups. Even though we found correlations for all assessed architectural parameters, BFlh ACSA was best related to the assessed sprint parameters.
Administration of parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia: a population level observational study using routinely collected data held in the National Neonatal Research Database
Authors: Gale Chris , Jeyakumaran Dusha , Longford Nicholas , Battersby Cheryl , Ojha Shalini , Oughham Kayleigh , Dorling Jon 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundParenteral nutrition is commonly administered during therapeutic hypothermia. Randomised trials in critically ill children indicate that parenteral nutrition may be harmful.ObjectiveTo examine the association between parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia and clinically important outcomes.DesignRetrospective, population-based cohort study using the National Neonatal Research Database; propensity scores were used to create matched groups for comparison.SettingNational Health Service neonatal units in England, Scotland and Wales.Participants6030 term and near-term babies, born 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2017, who received therapeutic hypothermia; 2480 babies in the matched analysis.ExposureWe compared babies that received any parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia with babies that did not.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: blood culture confirmed late-onset infection; secondary outcomes: treatment for late onset infection, necrotising enterocolitis, survival, length of stay, measures of breast feeding, hypoglycaemia, central line days, time to full enteral feeds, discharge weight.Results1475/6030 babies (25%) received parenteral nutrition. In comparative matched analyses, the rate of culture positive late onset infection was higher in babies that received parenteral nutrition (0.3% vs 0.9%; difference 0.6; 95% CI 0.1, 1.2; p=0.03), but treatment for presumed infection was not (difference 0.8%, 95% CI −2.1 to 3.6, p=0.61). Survival was higher in babies that received parenteral nutrition (93.1% vs 90.0%; rate difference 3.1, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7; p<0.001).ConclusionsReceipt of parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia is associated with higher late-onset infection but lower mortality. This finding may be explained by residual confounding. Research should address the risks and benefits of parenteral nutrition in this population.
Adipophilin expression in skin lesions with clear cell histology
Authors: Li Feng-Zeng , Ye Qian , Ran Li-Wei , Fang Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AimsClear cells formed due to depositions of glycogen or lipids in the cytoplasm commonly occur in various tissues. Adipophilin (ADP), a lipid regulatory protein, is closely related to lipid droplets. This study aims to examine adipophilin expression in clear cells of various skin lesions.MethodsADP expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in 108 sections from 15 skin lesion types with clear cell histology, namely, sebaceoma (n=16), sebaceous adenoma (n=3), sebaceous carcinoma (n=12), xanthomata cutis (n=10), xanthogranuloma (n=8), Paget’s disease (n=10), Bowen disease (n=10), hidradenoma (n=9), atypical lipoma (n=5), superficial lipomatous nevus (n=5), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (n=5), squamous cell carcinoma (n=4), seborrheic keratosis (n=4), dermatofibroma (n=4) and clear cell sarcoma (n=3).ResultsADP was not expressed in Bowen disease, hidradenoma or seborrheic keratosis. Four expression patterns, foamy, reticular, granular and punctate, were summarised based on their expression in clear cells. Different expression patterns were related to tissue origin and differentiation degree. Foamy expression was commonly observed in lesions with mature sebaceous glands and xanthomas; reticular expression in adipocytes; granular expression in xanthoma, xanthogranuloma and metastatic renal carcinoma and punctate expression in sebaceoma, sebaceous carcinoma, Paget’s disease, squamous cell carcinoma and clear cell sarcoma. Furthermore, stronger staining with focal vesicular labelling was noted in sebaceoma than in sebaceous carcinoma. Characteristic labelling was noted, including the circular distribution in Touton giant cells of xanthogranulomas and focal distribution in the clear cells along the edge of necrotic tissue in clear cell sarcoma.ConclusionsADP is useful in identifying intracytoplasmic lipids and can be used to diagnose skin lesions with clear cell histology, especially in some lesions with characteristic labelling.
Evaluation of an open-source machine-learning tool to quantify bone marrow plasma cells
Authors: Baranova Katherina , Tran Christopher , Plantinga Paul , Sangle Nikhil 
Published: May 2021

AimsThe objective of this study was to develop and validate an open-source digital pathology tool, QuPath, to automatically quantify CD138-positive bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs).MethodsWe analysed CD138-scanned slides in QuPath. In the initial training phase, manual positive and negative cell counts were performed in representative areas of 10 bone marrow biopsies. Values from the manual counts were used to fine-tune parameters to detect BMPCs, using the positive cell detection and neural network (NN) classifier functions. In the testing phase, whole-slide images in an additional 40 cases were analysed. Output from the NN classifier was compared with two pathologist’s estimates of BMPC percentage.ResultsThe training set included manual counts ranging from 2403 to 17 287 cells per slide, with a median BMPC percentage of 13% (range: 3.1%–80.7%). In the testing phase, the quantification of plasma cells by image analysis correlated well with manual counting, particularly when restricted to BMPC percentages of <30% (Pearson’s r=0.96, p<0.001). Concordance between the NN classifier and the pathologist whole-slide estimates was similarly good, with an intraclass correlation of 0.83 and a weighted kappa for the NN classifier of 0.80 with the first rater and 0.90 with the second rater. This was similar to the weighted kappa between the two human raters (0.81).ConclusionsThis represents a validated digital pathology tool to assist in automatically and reliably counting BMPC percentage on CD138-stained slides with an acceptable error rate.
Adequacy of small biopsy and cytology specimens for comprehensive genomic profiling of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer to determine eligibility for immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapy
Authors: Faber Erin , Grosu Horiana , Sabir Sharjeel , San Lucas Francis Anthony , Barkoh Bedia A , Bassett Roland L , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Stewart John , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita 
Published: May 2021

AimsIn advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), incomplete genotyping for guideline-recommended genomic biomarkers poses a significant challenge to making informed and timely clinical decisions. We report our institution’s experience in assessing the adequacy of small specimens for comprehensive genomic profiling for guideline-recommended lung cancer biomarker testing.MethodsWe performed a retrospective evaluation of all image-guided procedures for NSCLC performed in our institution between October 2016 and July 2018, including core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in patients who had undergone genomic profiling for lung cancer. Lung cancer biomarker adequacy, defined as successful testing of guideline-recommended biomarkers including, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF); anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase ROS (ROS1); Rearranged during Transfection (RET); Tyrosine protein kinase Met (MET); and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated.ResultsA total of 865 cases were evaluated in this study, 785 of which included testing of all lung cancer biomarkers. Lung tissue was adequate for biomarker testing in 84% of cases; this rate increased to 87% when biomarker testing was combined with concurrently acquired FNA or CNB specimens. Biomarker testing success correlated strongly with DNA concentration (p<0.0001) and the use of 22G needles in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures (p=0.0035). Biomarker testing of CNB specimens showed a significantly higher success rate than did biomarker testing of cytology FNA specimens (p=0.0005). The adequacy of EBUS-TBNA samples was not significantly different from that of the transthoracic needle aspiration samples (p=0.40). Variables such as age, gender, lesion size, site, diagnosis and number of needle passes showed no significant correlation with success rates in lung cancer biomarker testing.ConclusionThe growing numbers of therapeutic biomarkers in NSCLC requires judicious triage of limited-volume tissue from small specimens. Our study showed that thoracic small tissue specimens can be used successfully to provide prognostic and predictive information for the current guideline-recommended biomarkers for NSCLC in most cases.
Obturator nerve block does not provide analgesic benefits in total hip arthroplasty under multimodal analgesic regimen: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marty Philippe , Chassery Clement , Rontes Olivier , Vuillaume Corine , Basset Bertrand , Merouani Mehdi , Marquis Constance , Delussy Anne , Delbos Marie-Claude , Ferre Fabrice , Bataille Benoit , Joshi Girish , Delbos Alain 
Published: May 2021

Background and objectivesAlthough regional analgesia is considered an important component of optimal pain management, use of peripheral nerve blocks for total hip arthroplasty remains controversial. Since the obturator nerve innervates the anteromedial part of the joint capsule, we hypothesized that an obturator nerve block would decrease the opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty.MethodsIn this single center, prospective, triple blinded study, we randomly allocated 60 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under opioid-sparing total intravenous general anesthesia to a preoperative obturator nerve block or a sham block (placebo group) using 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% or saline, respectively. All patients received a multimodal analgesic regimen with non-opioid analgesics including periarticular local infiltration analgesia. The primary outcome was the intravenous opioid consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit.ResultsMedian (IQR) intravenous oxycodone consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit was 4 (2, 7.5) mg in the obturator nerve block group and 3 (0, 4) mg in the placebo group (p=0.05). There were no differences in pain scores between groups in the first 24 hours except at arrival on the surgical ward with significant higher pain scores in the placebo group (p=0.03). The ability to stand up and walk within 24 hours was comparable between groups as was the time to first walk (180 (90, 720) vs 240 (120, 780) min for the obturator nerve block and placebo groups, respectively; p=0.62).ConclusionsObturator nerve block did not improve postoperative opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty performed under general anesthesia with a multimodal analgesic regimen.Trial registration numberNCT04085640.
CMB imprints of non-canonical anisotropic inflation
Authors: Do Tuan Q. , Kao W. F. , Lin Ing-Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffect of non-canonical scalar fields on the CMB imprints of the anisotropic inflation will be discussed in details in this paper. In particular, we are able to obtain the general formalism of the angular power spectra in the scalar perturbations, tensor perturbations, cross-correlations, and linear polarization in the context of the anisotropic inflation model involving non-canonical scalar fields. Furthermore, some significant numerical spectra will be plotted using the most recent data of Planck as well as the BICEP2 and Keck array. As a result, we find a very interesting point that the TT spectra induced by the tensor perturbations as well as by the linear polarization will increase when the speed of sound decreases.
Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
Authors: Koumantakis George A. , Malkotsis Antonios , Pappas Stefanos , Manetta Maria , Anastopoulos Timotheos , Kakouris Apollon , Kiourtsidakis Eleutherios 
Published: May 2021

Background: Various factors, inherited and acquired, are associated with habitual spinal postures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between trunk muscle endurance, anthropometry and physical activity/inactivity and the sagittal standing lumbopelvic posture in pain-free young participants. Methods: In this study, 112 healthy young adults (66 females), with median (IQR) age of 20 years (18.2–22 years), without low back pain, injury or trauma were included. Lumbar curve (LC) and sacral slope (SS) angles were measured in standing with a mobile phone application (iHandy level). Anthropometric, physical activity/inactivity levels (leisure-time sport involvement and sitting hours/day) and abdominal (plank prone bridge test) and paraspinal (Sorensen test) isometric muscle endurance measures were collected. Results: LC and SS angles correlated significantly ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Statistically significant differences for both LC ([Formula: see text]) and SS ([Formula: see text]) angles were identified between the male and female participants. A significant negative correlation was identified between the abdominal endurance time and LC ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]); however, the power of this result (56%) was not sufficiently high. The correlation between abdominal endurance and SS was non-significant ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). In addition, no significant associations were identified between either of the sagittal lumbopelvic angles (LC–SS) in standing and the participants’ body mass index (BMI), paraspinal endurance, leisure-time sport involvement or sitting hours/day. Conclusion: The potential role of preventive exercise in controlling lumbar lordosis via enhancement of the abdominal muscle endurance characteristics requires further confirmation. A subsequent study, performed in a larger population of more diverse occupational involvement and leisure-time physical activity levels, is proposed.
MatOrtho Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty via Lateral Approach: Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Fowler Andrew , Arshad Mohammed Shoaib , Talwalkar Sumedh , Trail Ian 
Published: May 2021

Background: The MatOrtho implant is a cementless, mobile-bearing surface arthroplasty with a cobalt–chromium metal-on polyethylene articulation designed to treat osteoarthritis of the PIP joint. Early results for the prosthesis inserted through a dorsal approach have demonstrated good pain relief but no significant improvement in range of motion. In an attempt to improve the range of motion the senior author has changed his surgical practice to inserting the MatOrtho implant via a lateral approach. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of this change of surgical technique. Methods: Consecutive patients with osteoarthritis who underwent PIPJ replacement surgery via the lateral approach at a single institution, with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years were identified. A visual analogue score was used to assess pain. Grip strength, range of motion and functional outcomes scores were collected. Results: A total of 46 PIP joint arthroplasties were performed in 29 patients. Ten patients were lost to follow-up resulting in 33 PIP joint arthroplasties reviewed in 19 patients. Six implants failed. The mean follow-up time at the final follow-up for the remaining 25 prosthesis was 34.2 months (range 24–52). Range of motion improved from a mean of 37.2 preoperatively to a mean of 57.9 postoperatively. This was statistically significant (p = 0.0007). There was also a significant improvement in pain and functional outcome scores but not for grip strength. Conclusions: The MatOrtho PIPJ replacement delivers significant improvements in pain relief and functional outcome scores, as well as increased range of motion when the surgical procedure is performed through a lateral approach. There are, however, limitations to the use of this implant. Currently we do not consider this implant when there is instability or deformity of the PIP joint preoperatively.
Carpal Tunnel Surgery Using a Wireless Endoscopic Visualization Instrument: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Wongsiri Sunton , Chatpun Surapong 
Published: May 2021

Background: Endoscopic carpal tunnel release is a common treatment for moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndrome. Recently there have been various new techniques which offer improved accuracy and decreased recovery time. In this study, orthopedic surgeons and biomedical engineers from the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, designed a wireless endoscopic carpal tunnel release with a single portal technique and tested the efficacy and safety of the new technique in a cadaveric study. Methods: Ten fresh cadaveric forearms were used in the study. The surgical technique began with a surgical incision 15–20 mm above the wrist crease on the line between the middle finger and ring finger. The palmaris longus aponeurosis was retracted by Senn retractors. A visual enhancer was inserted to improve the internal visual field in order to see the flexor retinaculum clearly. The flexor retinaculum was cut distally to create an entry and the flexor retinaculum was cut by the scalpel. The flexor retinaculum length was observed until the release was completed. The median nerve was observed. Results: Each flexor retinaculum was cut completely. All of the median nerves were carefully observed during the operation and none were injured. This technique showed the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive carpal tunnel surgery. Conclusions: The study found that the new device using this technique is effective for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) surgery in terms of minimally invasive endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery.