bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of High Speed and Low Power Approximate Multiplier for Image and Digital Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Ranjith Kumar T , Saravana Kumar R , Dharani S , Asuvanti M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Truncation based approximate multiplier is a scalable multiplier in which truncation is performed based on the leading one bit positions in each and every input operands, hence the number of partial products are reduced. In this multiplier design the multiplication process is done by addition, shifting and multiplication processes which has a very good improvement in space occupation and power consumption when compared to the exact multiplier. To enhance the multipliers speed each and every input operand in the multiplication side are truncated using the method given below. Based upon the leading 1’s the input operands, the inputs are truncated show that the accuracy does not depend on input operand’s width. Hence this multiplier is scalable. Very large improvement in multiplier’s design parameters like power and area consumption are obtained which is independent of the width of the input operand. To find the working efficiency of this multiplier we have compared the design parameters with some recently proposed multipliers and the exact multiplier. They obtained result states that the proposed multiplier enhances power consumption, delay and area up to 90%, 80% and 95% when compared to be exact multiplier. Also our design outsmarts other multipliers in parameters like power consumption, speed and area. Proposed approximate multiplier has zero mean value Gaussian distribution. We have figured it out it by MATLAB applications and a good PSNR and MSE is obtained. The output shows that the degradation in quality is almost negligible. Also we recommend Truncation based approximate multiplier where power consumption has to be adjusted in multiplication operation.
Vibration control in boring process using a constrained viscoelastic layer damper
Authors: Vishal Krishna V. , Saravanamurugan S. , Sanjeev Kishore P. , Yedhu KJ. , Iswar Goutham K , Shanmughasundaram A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A passive vibration control method is adopted to control vibrations of a boring bar. A viscoelastic layer sandwiched between main steel boring bar and aluminium tube, known to be constrained viscoelastic layer damper (CVLD), is designed and developed in order to reduce the vibration produced during the machining operations. The low density aluminium tube and natural rubber as viscoelastic layer are used in the boring bar to increase its natural frequency and damping property respectively. The finite element simulation of boring bar with and without CVLD are carried out using ANSYS and the results are used to develop a model to predict the influence of thickness of viscoelastic layer and aluminium tube on natural frequency of boring bar using full factorial design of experiments (DOE) and regression analysis. The DOE and regression analysis, carried using Minitab package, provides optimum thickness of viscoelastic layer and aluminium tube. These optimum thickness values are used to fabricate CVLD and its effectiveness to control boring bar vibration is tested by conducting machining experiments. The surface roughness of the machined components is also measured and the results show that the boring bar with CVLD is more efficient than conventional boring bar in controlling vibrations during machining. Moreover, stability lobes, which are plots of spindle speed vs. depth of cut of a machining process, are also constructed. Stability lobes indicate that the machining stability may be improved by 15 % by using boring bar with CVLD.
Tensile Behaviour of Hybrid Polymer Composites – An Experimental Study
Authors: Girimurugan R. , Senniangiri N. , Pitchia Krishnan B. , Kavitha Dr.S. , Vairavel M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, developments of hybrid polymer composites by adding the natural and synthetic resources as reinforcement materials are significantly increased to enhance the required properties of the composites. In this research work, effects of Nano alumina particles and water hyacinth particles addition into the HDPE polymer matrix for its tensile properties were studied through experimentation. Fine Nano alumina particles are used as filler and the well water hyacinth particles are used as reinforcement materials. Hybrid composite specimens were prepared by varying the weight percentage of filler and reinforcement materials and keeping the HDPE’s weight percentage as constant. Hybrid composite boards were fabricated by using hydraulic type injection moulding machine. Hybrid polymer composite specimens for tension test is cut away from the hybrid composite boards as per the ASTM standards with the help of water jet machining process. Experimental results reveal that the limited addition of fine Nano alumina and water hyacinth particles into the HDPE polymer matrix improves the tensile properties of the hybrid composites significantly when compare to the pure HDPE polymer composite.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of PCCI Engine Using BiodieselEthanol Blends in Dual Fuel Mode
Authors: Gowtham R , Akash V , Ganesh Kumar P , Bhaskar K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The global automotive industry is faced with the task of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions generated by vehicle exhaust. Heavy machinery like trucks, trailers, off-road vehicles, etc. powered by the diesel engines. These vehicles emit large quantities of NOx and smoke emissions. The simultaneous reduction of both emissions is the key challenge for the automotive industry. Burning a homogeneous charge at relatively low temperature seems to be the means to control both the emissions simultaneously. In this experimental study, the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a premixed charge compression Ignition Engine (PCCI) with ethanol injected in the intake manifold of the engine along with biodiesel (Palm oil methyl ester) injected directly into the combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out in a four-stroke, single cylinder vertical water cooled, constant speed diesel engine with the range of 10- 30% premixed ethanol fuel from no load to full load condition is studied. The experiments were conducted with an engine operating in PCCI mode with biodiesel – ethanol blends in dual fuel mode. The experimental results showed that there was a slight increase in Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) but there was a reduction in Nitrous-oxide (NOX) and Smoke emissions for the blend containing 70% biodiesel and 30% ethanol.
Influence of Solution Treatment and Artificial Aging onFracture Load of Friction Stir Welded Lap Joints of AA2014-T6
Authors: Rajendran C , Parthiban G , Pranav K , Nithi Balaji S.P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High strength aluminium alloys (2xxx and 7xxx) are widely used for many applications. Particularly, aircraft and automobile industries. The fabrication of this alloy is little bit difficult using traditional welding process. It produces porosity, alloy segregation, partially melted zone etc. In last few decades, these alloys are welded using a solid-state welding process, friction stir welding. However, the strength of the alloy is more than 80% of the base material strength. Although, the FSW joints have lowest hardness in the weld region due to heterogeneous properties in the microstructure. The lowest hardness region is the soft region that is the fracture-originating region during tensile test. Several techniques were used to enhance the lowest hardness region properties such as the aging process, the solution treatment process, cryogenic treatment in joints. In this research, the solution treatment followed by artificial aging on lap shear strength of friction stir lap-welded joints were performed. The heat-treated joints were compared with welded joints. From the experimental results, the heat-treated joints yield higher lap shear strength than the as welded joints. The reason for the higher lap shear strength was reprecipitation of precipitates in the welded joints during an artificial aging process. However, the aluminium matrix retains fine precipitates by the solution treatment process (under rapid cooling).
Analyzing Properties of Air as a natural refrigerant using MCDM methodology
Authors: Haqqani Mohammed Hameeduddin , Azizuddin Mohammed , Qarnain Syed Shuibul , Bathrinath S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRefrigerant selection is a challenging task because it often requires compromising desirable properties. Since we have so many refrigerants in the market to choose from and all are either pure or mixtures. Achieving all desirable properties for a refrigerant for a specific application is very rare and a perplexing task, which takes months if not years to come to a conclusion to select the right refrigerant. Among these conflicting and challenging circumstances, the selection of a refrigerant would be easy if properties of a desirable refrigerant are listed and analyzed for their importance. There exist a literature gap providing information on prioritizing the properties required for an ideal refrigerant which is pure, natural and abundant. This proposed research provides a list of properties of air as a natural refrigerant and prioritizes the refrigerant properties based on weightage. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) based DEMATEL methodology is used to provide weights for the refrigerant properties. The results show Ozone depleting potential among effect group and Cost of the refrigerant among because group are the top properties. The managerial application is also discussed.
Modelling the patient flow in an Out Patient Department (OPD) of a hospital using simulation techniques
Authors: Kulkarni S D , Roshni V , Varshitha S , Sandeep M V , Monish T , Venkataraman V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hospitals are integral and vital entities of healthcare systems across the globe. Reduction of patient wait time is of utmost importance for the overall smooth functioning of any hospital. This paper discusses the analysis of the patient flow in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of a hospital. Data was collected with respect to patient arrival and service times in minutes. Input analyser was used to determine the distribution of the patient flow data collected at each section. A simulation model using Arena software was developed to study the patient flow in various sections of the OPD. The average waiting time and utilization of resources were determined for each sections. The results showed that there was a longer waiting time in billing section and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) section. Also there was high utilization of resources in these sections compared to the other sections of the OPD.
Effect of Titanium Di-Boride/Copper (TiB2-Cu) Electrode on the Machinability of OHNS Steel by EDM Process
Authors: Jayahariharapranav P , Dinesh D , MathanKumar P , Rajamurugan G , Jayakumar N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The technological challenges faced by any industry in machining OHNS steel in the use of tools and die by conventional processing techniques point to tool wear rate and poor surface finish. To overcome these, Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) process, an inevitable Unconventional Machining process is used in the precision and micro component manufacturing industries. Here an attempt has been made to machine OHNS material with a lately developed copper titanium diboride (Cu-TiB2) of 16% wt of TiB2 is prepared through powder metallurgy route which enhances the shortcomings obtained in conventional techniques. The experiment models are made to optimize through statistical Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted by considering the effect of pulsating direct current, pulse time ON, and pressure flushing. Then, ANOVA is executed to predict the impact of each parameter and its significance concerning the output responses of roughness (SR) and Volume of Material removed (MRR). The equation developed for each output response and then the optimum process parameters obtained in the desirability based multi-objective optimization using RSM. The minimum surface roughness and maximum material removal rates are attained at 14 A, 16(μs) and 0.6 MPa. Then the confirmation experiments were carried to validate the model and it is witnessed that the error percentage attained was within the satisfactory range.
Analysis of Shrinkage Defect in Sand Casting by Using Six Sigma Method with Taguchi Technique
Authors: Omprakas M A , Muthukumar M , Saran S P , Ranjithkumar D , Shantha kumar C M , Thiruppathi Venkatesh S , Sengottuvelan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Casting industries play a major role in the field of manufacturing. The production of complex shape and size products is manufactured in a single process, which cannot be produced in other manufacturing processes. Because the other process needs more than one step to convert a raw material into a product. When producing the casting, the quality of the casting should be maintained without defects. This is not possible as we can’t produce a cent percentage of accuracy. But the percentage of defects can be reduced with the help of certain quality control tools and techniques. In this paper, the main focus is to reduce the shrinkage defect which occurs in the External Bearing Ring of ductile cast iron which is produced in the leading casting industry in Coimbatore. The data have been collected from the industry for the six months and the defects have been identified with the help of the Six-Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) technique. The quality control tools are applied in different stages of the DMAIC technique for identifying and controlling the defects. Also, the Taguchi technique is applied for creating the L9 orthogonal array from the Minitab software. Finally, the best possible solution is obtained and it is suggested to the industry for defects reduction.
Mathematical Modeling and Characteristic Analysis on the Dynamics of Slider Flapping Wing Mechanism
Authors: Sudeesh Arputham D , Yuvan Nethaji T , Sujith Kumar V , Mohaideen S , Suganya Priyadharshini Dr.G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the modelling of a distinct flapping wing mechanism sans any gears deploying only the primitive slider and hinge type joints. The proposed contraption is meticulously designed so as to hamper vibrational flutter and enhance durability. Initially, equations of forces enacting at significant motion transformation junctions are articulated in terms of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) and then these DAEs culminate as the characteristic mathematical model for the mechanism. The derived mathematical model is then harnessed to optimize the performance characteristics of the system. Further, results attained from the mathematical formulation are assessed and validated with graphical analysis.
Computational study of heat-transfer in extended surfaces with various geometries
Authors: Mohankumar D , Shashank  , Pazhaniappan Y , Nithesh Kumar RA , Ragul R , Manoj Kumar P , Nikhil Babu P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, an analysis has been done on extended surfaces with various geometries to identify the better heat transfer rate. The geometries of extended surfaces namely – bar fins, stepped fins, stepped fins with indentations have been modelled, investigated and studied. Based on the design identification and numerical analysis the extended surfaces with increases surface area has increased heat transfer. From numerical data the fins with indentations has increased surface area and heat transfer. The indentations have been designed with varying diameter used in the fins are 4mm, 3mm, 2mm respectively and analysed using a fixed computational method. It is found that the spherical notches with varying diameter were more effective than the other fins and making the notches increases the heat transfer was much effective than increasing the diameter of the indentation in the stepped fin. This work shows the design, analysis, and result of some extended surface geometries with fixed input boundary condition.
Investigations on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Nickel Aluminum Bronze- CaCO3 Composite
Authors: Bhardwaj Vijay , Saravanan R , Govindaraju M , Vaira Vignesh R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, commercially available Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) alloy was composited with CaCO3 through casting route. The developed composite was characterized for microstructure, micro hardness, tensile strength (room temperature and high temperature), and wear rate. The results indicate an improvement in tensile strength by 10%, micro hardness by 2.5 times, and wear resistance by 29% than that of the as-received specimen. This is attributed to the reinforcement of CaCO3 in NAB, which in turn resulted in refinement of the grains, reduction of the β’ -phase and preferential formation of intermetallic precipitates of κ-phases (κII, κIII, and κIV).
Automotive Brake Part Inspection and Fault Localization using Deep Learning
Authors: Rajan Santhiya , Rameswari R. , Gunasekaran Suresh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inspection of brake components is very essential to detect the damaged manufactured parts before it is assembled in any vehicle. Manual inspection of brakes is extremely difficult since most of defects are very minute and cannot be identified by human eyes. Therefore, automatic inspection of manufactured brakes is indispensible to prevent failure of brakes and accidents. Previously, various research articles perform inspection of brake through conventional image processing and traditional image processing algorithms. However, these techniques are capable of identifying a single fault only and are less robust to detecting numerous faults. Further, the existing techniques hardly localize the exact location of faults in the surface of brake. In order to over these drawbacks, in this research we utilize deep learning object detection algorithms namely Single Shot Detector and Faster RCNN to identify and localize the exact location of fault on the brake surface. Furthermore, the proposed system is capable to detect different types of faults in a single algorithm and is robust to brake’s material surface, environmental and lightening factors. The deep learning algorithms are trained using transfer learning on custom collected dataset. The proposed algorithms deliver an accuracy of 95.64% and mAP of 73.2% on cylindrical grey shade brakes.
A comprehensive review on solar cooker tracking techniques for performance enhancement
Authors: Gokul V , Dhinesh S , Kalaiyarasu K , Kalidasan B , Ravikumar M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper provides a review on solar tracking system for solar cooker and its potential in increasing its efficiency. This paper mainly discusses the solar trackers for increasing the work output. This technique assists in increasing the amount of radiation falling on solar cookers. The types of solar tracking based on their degree of freedom are single axis solar tracking system and dual axis solar tracking system and its classification are discussed in this paper. The solar tracker types based on the actuating systems are also discussed. The tracking system suitable for the solar cooking applications is mentioned in this paper.
PV Fed Grid Power Control by Discrete CUK Converter and SPWM Inverter Control Techniques
Authors: Viji K , Chitra K , Lakshmanan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper the power supplied to the grid is regulated with the help of Discrete Sliding Mode Controlled (DSMC) CUK converter and Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) topology controlled 3-phase Inverter. The CUK converter is used in the input side to Buck or Boost the PV (Photo Voltaic) array voltage to the required value of the 3 -phase Inverter. Natural isolation of source and load is obtained in the CUK converter with the help of capacitor energy transfer so that the ripple content is less in both load and source side. These CUK converters are operating in continuous current mode so that regulation of power from the solar panel is easy and efficient compared to Buck-Boost converters. In this paper DSMC CUK converter topology is implemented so that converter is feasible to incorporate with any digital controller with less hardware requirements, it has flexibility in control characteristics and guaranteed stability of highly fluctuating solar power under different climate conditions. The simulation model has battery back-up which is charged during high irradiation time and provides power to load during less irradiation climate conditions. The 3-phase Inverter is controlled by SPWM technique to reduce the switching losses of the Inverter so that the harmonics in the load side is less and it is easy to implement. So that the overall system is efficient, ease of implementation, robust and economical.
Wear and Mechanical Behaviour of Magnesium AZ31 alloy Reinforced with MoS2 through Friction Stir Processing for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Tajdeen A , Kamal Basha K , Roshan Shandres C , Sandeeprajkumar S , Saddam Hussain S , Sanjay R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Friction Stir Processing (FSP), a solid-state processing technique employed to modify the microstructure, is based on the principles of friction stir welding. FSP is one of the most promising techniques for the production of surface composites. In this investigation, AZ31 magnesium alloy is reinforced with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) through a friction stir processing method. Before and after the fabrication of the surface composites the wear tests were conducted by varying the condition of sliding load (25 N & 35 N), sliding distance (1 km & 2 km), and sliding velocity (1 m/s & 2 m/s). Hardness values were measured by using the Brinell hardness tester. Both hardness and wear tests were conducted as per the ASTM standards. After reinforcement, composite material enhances hardness values. The wear rate also reduces as MoS2 acts as a solid lubricant material.
Development of Areca Nut Climbing And Harvesting Machine With Pesticide
Authors: Sathishkumar C , Dineshkumar G , Karthikeyan K S , Prasanna P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent days there were lots of improvement and advancement have been done in the field of agriculture, but the sad thing is the large scale farmers always earns more than the small scale farmers when comparing its ratio. The project focuses on the growth of small scale farmers as equal to the growth of the large scale farmers in the field of agriculture in growing the palm trees. The palm trees usually grow in narrow dimensions and the time taken to harvest the crop nuts will be around 3 to 4 years. Total investment is based on the harvesting and the cost and machines to harvest the crop nuts were of huge amount and the small scale farmers struggle a lot and that leads to loss. Also there is a chance of losing the quantity of crop nuts when harvested from the top of the palm tree when all the nuts will be scattered and is wasted falls down on the ground. Therefore we thought of designing a product that can be operated by the by the farmer itself a user friendly and easy to handle, also we have focused on safe landing of the crop nuts from the top of the palm tree. This product completely works based on the mechanical concepts and designed with mechanical links. It is operated manually now; in the future it will be automated. This product will decrease the cost of harvesting and increase the profit for the small scale farmers to grow their ration as that of the large scale farmers. This will create a revolution in the field of crop harvesting which benefits lots of farmers to come up from their bad time to good time.