bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with poor oral health‐related quality of life among non‐institutionalized Brazilian older adults
Authors: Tenani Carla Fabiana , De Checchi Maria Helena Ribeiro , da Cunha Inara Pereira , Mendes Karine Laura Cortellazzi , Soares Gustavo Hermes , Michel‐Crosato Edgard , Jamieson Lisa , Ju Xiangqun , Mialhe Fábio Luiz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the factors associated with poor oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a sample of Brazilian older adults.Methods and ResultsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 535 non‐institutionalized elders aged 60 years or older from Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. OHRQoL was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, self‐perceived general health status, and health‐related behaviors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Data on chronic diseases were obtained from health records. Associations between exploratory factors and low OHRQoL (% GOHAI score <30) were evaluated using multivariate Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals. The mean OHRQoL score was 30 (± 4.4). In bivariate analysis, being not married, smoking, and self‐rated “fair/poor” general health status were associated with lower OHRQoL. In the adjusted model, self‐rated “fair/poor” general health (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.05–1.48), presence of chronic diseases (PR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.37–2.58), smoking (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02–1.53), and reason for last dental appointment (PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.13–1.59) were associated with poor OHRQoL.ConclusionNon‐institutionalized older adults with a history of chronic diseases, who smoke, have a negative perception of their general health, and had the last dental appointment motivated by pain present significantly higher prevalence rates of poor OHRQoL.
Factors determining nurses’ knowledge of evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention practices in Finland: a correlational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Parisod Heidi , Holopainen Arja , Koivunen Marita , Puukka Pauli , Haavisto Elina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPressure ulcers cause economic burden, human suffering, pain and decreased health‐related quality of life in patients. Pressure ulcers are preventable in most cases, and nursing staff knowledge is a key factor in successful pressure ulcer prevention. Further evidence is needed to better tailor pressure ulcer prevention training programmes to the nursing staff.AimTo evaluate the level of nursing staff knowledge about evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention practices in both primary and specialised care, and to identify what factors determine nurses’ knowledge levels.MethodsA correlational, cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in two hospital districts in Finland. The Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge test was used to collect data, and the Attitude towards Pressure ulcer Prevention (APuP) instrument was used as a background variable. The data were statistically analysed with Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman correlations and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe pressure ulcer prevention knowledge of the participating registered nurses, practical nurses and ward managers (N = 554) was on average 24.40 (max. 35.00). There was no difference in the participants’ knowledge based on the type of unit in which they were working (primary or specialised care). The participants’ attitudes (p < 0.0001), current position (p = 0.0042), frequency of taking care of patients with pressure ulcers (p = 0.0001) and self‐evaluated training needs (p < 0.0001) independently explained the variation in the knowledge scores.ConclusionsSpecial attention needs to be paid to the knowledge of those nurses working in positions that require lower levels of education and those who rarely take care of patients with pressure ulcers. Supporting nurses’ positive attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention should be an essential part of pressure ulcer prevention training. Nurses’ self‐evaluations of their training needs can be used to target training. The limitations of the study should be considered when generalising the results.
Older hospitalised patients’ experience of involvement in discharge planning
Authors: Schjødt Karina , Erlang Anne Snoghøj , Starup‐Linde Jakob , Jensen Annesofie Lunde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWorldwide healthcare policy highlights patient involvement and participation. Older people with chronic diseases and comorbidities are in need of complex healthcare. Even though these issues have been highlighted, there is a need to investigate older patients’ perspective on discharge planning in order to ensure quality in the healthcare system.AimThe aim was to explore how older medical patients experience their own involvement in discharge planning from a medical department.Methodological designA qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews with 20 patients aged 60+. Interviews were conducted 1 week after discharge in the patients’ homes.Ethical approvalThe study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency, and ethical principles were applied while the study was being conducted. All participants provided informed consent.ResultsThe participants had individual needs and various experiences of being involved in their discharge planning. One main category emerged from the study, “Different levels of rapport,” as well as three subcategories, “A lot of information—mostly from healthcare professionals to patients,” “The distribution of roles between healthcare professionals and patients” and “The meaning of having relatives.”ConclusionThe participants had various experiences and preferences based on their involvement in discharge planning. In general, older people wished to be involved in discharge planning. Healthcare professionals should thus be aware of the involvement levels of such patients and adjust nursing to these levels during hospitalisation.
Cryopreservation of platelets treated with riboflavin and UV light and stored at −80°C for 1 year
Authors: Jimenez‐Marco Teresa , Ballester‐Servera Carme , Quetglas‐Oliver Miguel , Morell‐Garcia Daniel , Torres‐Reverte Natalia , Bautista‐Gili Antonia M. , Serra‐Ramon Neus , Girona‐Llobera Enrique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) and cryopreservation can contribute to building a safe and durable platelet (PLT) inventory. Information about cryopreserved riboflavin and UV light‐treated PLTs is scarce.Study Design and MethodsTwenty‐four buffy coat (BC) PLT concentrates were grouped into 12 type‐matched pairs, pooled, and divided into 12 non‐PRT‐treated control units and 12 riboflavin and UV light PRT‐treated test units. Both were cryopreserved with 5% DMSO and stored at −80°C for 1 year. The cryopreservation method used was designed to avoid the formation of aggregates. PLT variables (PLT recovery, swirling, pH, MPV, and LDH) and hemostatic function measured by thromboelastography (TEG) were analyzed before cryopreservation (day 1) and post‐cryopreservation at day 14 and months 3, 6, and 12 of storage at −80°C. The analyses were carried out within 1‐h post‐thaw.ResultsNo aggregates were found in either PLT group at any time. Swirling was observed in both groups. MPV increased and mean pH values decreased over time (p < .001), but the mean pH value was never below 6.4 in either group after 12 months of storage at −80°C. PLT recovery was good and clotting time became significantly shorter over the storage period in both groups (p < .001).ConclusionOur cryopreservation and thawing method prevented aggregate formation in cryopreserved riboflavin‐UV‐light‐treated PLTs, which exhibited good recovery, swirling, pH > 6.4, and procoagulant potential, as evidenced by a reduced clotting time after 12 months of storage at −80°C. The clinical relevance of these findings should be further investigated in clinical trials.
A simplified CD34+ based preharvest prediction tool for HPC(A) collection
Authors: Jacob Reuben P. , Walsh Eileen M. , Maslak Peter G. , Giralt Sergio A. , Avecilla Scott T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment that is dependent on the collection of sufficient CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. The peripheral blood CD34 count (PB CD34+ counts) measured by flow cytometry can be used in predicting CD34+ stem cell yields hours before the completion of collection. Previously described formulas to predict the yield have used many different variables. As such, there is currently no consensus on an industry‐standard algorithm or formula.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective reviews of same‐day PB CD34+ counts and the ensuing absolute CD34+ yields of mobilized donors (allogeneic and autologous) were used to develop and validate a formula using regression analysis to predict the CD34+ stem cell yield. A metric of prediction correlation, using root mean square error (RMSE), was used to assess the robustness of our prediction formula in addition to comparisons with two other published formulas, as well as subset analysis.ResultsA formula in the form of y = mxb with r = 0.95 and 95% confidence intervals was generated and validated. The ratio of actual to predicted yield demonstrated a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.96) with linear regression and overall RMSE of 228.4, which was lower than the two prior studies (calculated RMSE = 330.8 and 405.2). Subset analyses indicated male patients, lymphoma patients, and patients >60 years of age demonstrated lower RMSEs.ConclusionWe have demonstrated a simple yet robust formula that can be used prospectively to accurately predict the CD34+ stem cell yield in both autologous and allogeneic donors, which also accounts for recipient weight.
Pregnancy‐induced changes in β‐cell function: what are the key players?
Authors: Salazar‐Petres Esteban Roberto , Sferruzzi‐Perri Amanda Nancy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β‐cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β‐cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β‐cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β‐cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β‐cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Geometrical and Metallurgical Changes in Steel Surfaces Under Conditions of Boundary Lubrication
Authors: Sakmann B. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Changes taking place in metal surfaces during running-in tests are reported. The surfaces were lubricated during the tests which simulated conditions encountered in industrial practice. In all tests the geometry of the surfaces was changed. Furthermore, under certain conditions, metallurgical changes could be observed. The material of the transformation was considerably harder than the martensitic steel of the test samples, and the etching characteristics of the transformed material were markedly different from those of the underlying steel. For initially smooth surfaces, the metallurgical transformations had the form of ridgelike eruptions protruding over the surface of the test specimen by several microns. Different tests for the identification of the nature of the transformation are discussed. Heat-conductivity calculations made it possible to estimate the temperature reached during running-in. A tentative explanation of the origin of the transformations is presented.
The Shape and Tension of a Light Flexible Cable in a Uniform Current
Authors: Landweber L. , Protter M. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors consider the several cases of a towing cable in which the frictional forces as well as the normal forces are taken into account in determining the shape of the cable, the weight of the cable being neglected. Equations and curves are derived by means of which any problem of this type, involving towing cables or loops, can be treated. Examples are given which illustrate solutions to various towline problems.
Method of Characteristics for Two-Dimensional Supersonic Flow—Graphical and Numerical Procedures
Authors: Shapiro Ascher H. , Edelman Gilbert M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The method of characteristics for two-dimensional supersonic flow is reviewed and summarized. A characteristics chart is presented for use with the graphical procedure of Prandtl and Busemann. A new numerical procedure is described which eliminates graphical operations and which allows of more accurate solutions. To facilitate the numerical method, a table of useful functions is included.
Calculation of Diffuser Efficiency for Two-Dimensional Flow
Authors: Binder R. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for calculating the efficiency of a diffuser for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flow without separation. The method involves a combination of organized boundary-layer data and frictionless potential-flow relations. The potential velocity and pressure are found after the boundary-layer growth is determined by a trial-and-check calculation.
On the Use of Power Laws in Stress Analysis Beyond the Elastic Range
Authors: Winzer Alice , Prager W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper A. A. Ilyushin drew attention to the remarkable simplicity which the theory of plastic deformation assumes when the secant shear modulus is taken as a power of the octahedral shearing stress. In the present paper Ilyushin’s results are discussed in connection with a specific example and it is shown that great caution is indicated in the use of such power laws.
The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Steady One-Dimensional Gas Flow
Authors: Shapiro Ascher H. , Hawthorne W. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in the fields of propulsion, flow machinery, and high-speed flight have emphasized the need for an improved understanding of the characteristics of compressible flow. A one-dimensional analysis for flow without shocks is presented which takes into account the simultaneous effects of area change, wall friction, drag of internal bodies, external heat exchange, chemical reaction, change of phase, injection of gases, and changes in molecular weight and specific heat. The method of selecting independent and dependent variables, and the organization of the working equations, leads, it is believed, to a better understanding of the influence of the foregoing effects, and also simplifies greatly the analytical treatment of particular problems. Examples are given first of several simple types of flow, including (a) area change only; (b) heat transfer only; (c) wall friction only; and (d) gas injection only. In addition, examples of flow with combined effects are given, including (a) simultaneous friction and area change; (b) simultaneous friction and heat transfer; and (c) simultaneous liquid injection and evaporation. A one-dimensional analysis for flow through a discontinuity is presented, allowing for energy, shock, drag, and gas-injection effects, and for changes in gas properties. This analysis is applicable to such processes as: (a) the adiabatic normal shock; (b) combustion; (c) moisture condensation shocks; and (d) steady explosion waves.
The Permanent Strain in a Uniform Bar Due to Longitudinal Impact
Authors: White M. P. , Griffis LeVan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for predicting the final strained state of a long uniform bar or wire of ductile material that is subjected to a longitudinal impact of finite duration during which the impact stress is constant and exceeds the yield strength. It is shown that for a long specimen this corresponds to giving the point of impact a constant velocity during the impact interval. (After this interval the stress at the end of the member is zero, but not its particle velocity.) It is also shown that the final unit strains are greatest immediately adjacent to the impact point and are constant over a finite length of specimen. Following this region of constant residual strain is a region, also of finite length, in which the permanent strain decreases steadily with distance from the end of the specimen. At the end of this there is another zone of constant permanent strain, which is followed by one of decreasing permanent strain, and so on. It is shown that there is a definite relation between the stress history at a point of a specimen and the velocity of that point—this relation is given. It is demonstrated that in tensile impact a critical velocity of impact can be defined, corresponding to the ultimate strength of the material. At impact velocities greater than this critical velocity, rupture occurs quickly and close to the point of impact so that the remainder of the specimen does not receive large deformations. Thus the energy required to break a specimen in tension is less at supercritical than at subcritical impact velocities.
A Reduced-Order Computational Model of a Semi-Active Variable-Stiffness Foot Prosthesis
Authors: McGeehan Michael A. , Adamczyk Peter G. , Nichols Kieran M. , Hahn Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Passive energy storage and return (ESR) feet are current performance standard in lower limb prostheses. A recently developed semi-active variable-stiffness foot (VSF) prosthesis balances the simplicity of a passive ESR device with the adaptability of a powered design. The purpose of this study was to model and simulate the ESR properties of the VSF prosthesis. The ESR properties of the VSF were modeled as a lumped parameter overhung beam. The overhung length is variable, allowing the model to exhibit variable ESR stiffness. Foot-ground contact was modeled using sphere-to-plane contact models. Contact parameters were optimized to represent the geometry and dynamics of the VSF and its foam base. Static compression tests and gait were simulated. Simulation outcomes were compared to corresponding experimental data. Stiffness of the model matched that of the physical VSF (R2: 0.98, root-mean-squared error (RMSE): 1.37 N/mm). Model-predicted resultant ground reaction force (GRFR) matched well under optimized parameter conditions (R2: 0.98, RMSE: 5.3% body weight,) and unoptimized parameter conditions (R2: 0.90, mean RMSE: 13% body weight). Anterior–posterior center of pressure matched well with R2 &gt; 0.94 and RMSE &lt; 9.5% foot length in all conditions. The ESR properties of the VSF were accurately simulated under benchtop testing and dynamic gait conditions. These methods may be useful for predicting GRFR arising from gait with novel prostheses. Such data are useful to optimize prosthesis design parameters on a user-specific basis.
Analysis of Reachable Workspace for Spatial Three-Cable Under-Constrained Suspended Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
Authors: Peng Yijia , Bu Wanghui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The workspace is an important reference for designs of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs). Most current researches focus on calculating the workspace of redundant CDPRs. However, few literature study the workspaces of under-constrained CDPRs. In this paper, the static equilibrium reachable workspaces (SERWs) of spatial 3-cable under-constrained CDPRs are solved numerically since expressions describing workspace boundaries cannot be obtained in closed forms. The steps to solve the SERWs are as follows. First, expressions that describe the SERWs and their boundaries are proposed. Next, these expressions are instantiated through a novel anchor points model composed of linear equations, quadratic equations, and tension limits in cables. Then, based on the reformulated linearization technique (RLT), the constraints system is transformed into a system containing only linear equality constraints and linear inequality constraints. Finally, the framework of the branch-and-prune (BP) algorithm is adopted to solve this system. The effect of the algorithm is verified by two examples. One is searching the SERWs boundaries of a special three-cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) whose anchor points layouts both on the moving platform (MP) and on the base are equilateral triangles, followed by a method to extract the SERW boundary where cables do not interfere with each other. The other is searching the SERWs boundaries of a general three-cable CDPR with randomly selected geometry arrangement. The presented method in this paper is universal for calculating the SERWs of spatial three-cable CDPRs with arbitrary geometry parameters.
A Novel Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Embedded Second-Order Finite Time Tracking-Based Controller for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Ren Bin , Wang Yao , Chen Jiayu , Chen Silu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Robotic manipulators are complex and dynamic nonlinear mechanical systems subject to numerous uncertainties, such as payload variations, frictions, and unmodeled dynamics. To mitigate the uncertainty caused by these disturbances and minimize the tracking errors of the controllers, this study proposed a finite time tracking-based controller (FTC) that embeds a (NDO) and a second-order sliding-mode modifier (SOSM). The NDO was incorporated to compensate for the system’s global bounded uncertainty and the SOSM used a robust nonsingular terminal sliding-mode modifier to stabilize the controller. The theoretical analysis showed that the tracking error could quickly converge in finite time. Simulation on a typical robotics manipulator demonstrated the practical appeal of the proposed scheme.