bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Blood
Authors: Oroszlán Gábor , Dani Ráhel , Végh Barbara M. , Varga Dóra , Ács Andrea V. , Pál Gábor , Závodszky Péter , Farkas Henriette , Gál Péter , Dobó József 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Factor D (FD) is an essential element of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it circulates predominantly in cleaved, activated form in the blood. In resting blood, mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) is the exclusive activator of pro-FD. Similarly to FD, MASP-3 also circulates mainly in the active form. It was not clear, however, how zymogen MASP-3 is activated. To decipher its activation mechanism, we followed the cleavage of MASP-3 in human hirudin plasma. Our data suggest that neither lectin pathway proteases nor any protease controlled by C1-inhibitor are required for MASP-3 activation. However, EDTA and the general proprotein convertase inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone completely prevented activation of exogenous MASP-3 added to blood samples. In this study, we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) 5 and PCSK6 are able to activate MASP-3 in vitro. Unlike PCSK5, PCSK6 was detected in human serum and plasma, and previously PCSK6 had also been shown to activate corin in the circulation. In all, PCSK6 emerges as the MASP-3 activator in human blood. These findings clarify the very first step of the activation of the alternative pathway and also connect the complement and the proprotein convertase systems in the blood.
Novel Mouse Model Reveals That Serine Phosphorylation of L-Plastin Is Essential for Effective Splenic Clearance of Pneumococcus
Authors: Anaya Edgar P. , Lin Xue , Todd Elizabeth M. , Szasz Taylor P. , Morley S. Celeste 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Asplenia imparts susceptibility to life-threatening sepsis with encapsulated bacteria, such as the pneumococcus. However, the cellular components within the splenic environment that guard against pneumococcal bacteremia have not been defined. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is essential for the generation of marginal zone B cells and for anti-pneumococcal host defense, as revealed by a mouse model of genetic LPL deficiency. In independent studies, serine phosphorylation of LPL at residue 5 (S5) has been described as a key “switch” in regulating LPL actin binding and subsequent cell motility, although much of the data are correlative. To test the importance of S5 phosphorylation in LPL function, and to specifically assess the requirement of LPL S5 phosphorylation in anti-pneumococcal host defense, we generated the “S5A” mouse, expressing endogenous LPL bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation at this position. S5A mice were bred to homozygosity, and LPL was expressed at levels equivalent to wild-type, but S5 phosphorylation was absent. S5A mice exhibited specific impairment in clearance of pneumococci following i.v. challenge, with 10-fold-higher bacterial bloodstream burden 24 h after challenge compared with wild-type or fully LPL-deficient animals. Defective bloodstream clearance correlated with diminished population of marginal zone macrophages and with reduced phagocytic capacity of multiple innate immune cells. Development and function of other tested leukocyte lineages, such as T and B cell motility and activation, were normal in S5A mice. The S5A mouse thus provides a novel system in which to elucidate the precise molecular control of critical immune cell functions in specific host–pathogen defense interactions.
New Insights into IgZ as a Maternal Transfer Ig Contributing to the Early Defense of Fish against Pathogen Infection
Authors: Ji Jian-fei , Hu Chong-bin , Zhang Nan , Huang Xiao , Shao Tong , Fan Dong-dong , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIgZ or its equivalent IgT is a newly discovered teleost specific Ig class that is highly specialized in mucosal immunity. However, whether this IgZ/IgT class participates in other biological processes remains unclear. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered that IgZ is highly expressed in zebrafish ovary, accumulates in unfertilized eggs, and is transmitted to offspring from eggs to zygotes. Maternally transferred IgZ in zygotes is found at the outer and inner layers of chorion, perivitelline space, periphery of embryo body, and yolk, providing different lines of defense against pathogen infection. A considerable number of IgZ+ B cells are found in ovarian connective tissues distributed between eggs. Moreover, pIgR, the transporter of IgZ, is also expressed in the ovary and colocalizes with IgZ in the zona radiata of eggs. Thus, IgZ is possibly secreted by ovarian IgZ+ B cells and transported to eggs through association with pIgR in a paracrine manner. Maternal IgZ in zygotes showed a broad bacteriostatic activity to different microbes examined, and this reactivity can be manipulated by orchestrating desired bacteria in water where parent fish live or immunizing the parent fish through vaccination. These observations suggest that maternal IgZ may represent a group of polyclonal Abs, providing protection against various environmental microbes encountered by a parent fish that were potentially high risk to offspring. To our knowledge, our findings provide novel insights into a previously unrecognized functional role of IgZ/IgT Ig in the maternal transfer of immunity in fish, greatly enriching current knowledge about this ancient Ig class.
Developing the Hypoglycemia-Nursing Early Warning Score System (Hy-Newss): A Pilot Study
Authors: Wibisono Ahmad Hasyim , Kurniasih Dennti , Sumartiyah Eti , Putri Rima Novia , Kurnia Dikha Ayu , Gultom Yunisar , Dahlia Debie 
Published: April 2021

Background Severe hypoglycemia occurs in 6% of type 2 DM patients with a 6 to 7% mortality rate. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a higher rate of fatality among diabetes patients, at least 22% of COVID-19 deaths in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, the condition impairs physiological defense against recurrent hypoglycemia in the future. Accordingly, the innovation in this study aims to prevent severe hypoglycemia among type 2 patients through early risk screening, the use of preventative protocols, and patient and family empowerment. This intervention bundle is called Hypoglycemia-Nursing Early Warning Score System (Hy-NEWSS). Design and methods The innovation was implemented in inpatient and outpatient settings, within two weeks with the following sequence: i) internal training, ii) Hy-NEWSS implementation, iii) outcomes evaluation. Results Of the twenty-eight patients involved in the study, 3 patients (19%) had a high risk of hypoglycemia, while the remaining had a low risk for the condition. However, at the end of the study there was no event of severe hypoglycemia (0%), and only 1 event (6.33%) of mild hypoglycemia. The results also showed that the accuracy of nurses in implementing the protocols was 93% and that during the evaluation, 95.62% of the responses of the nurses from the inpatient and outpatient settings were positive. Finally, the scores of the sensitivity and specificity evaluation were 99% and 88%, respectively. Conclusion It may be concluded from this initial study that Hy-NEWSS is effective in preventing severe hypoglycemia, accurate in identifying patient risk level for the condition, and has high applicability to be implemented in hospital settings.
The Effect of Medical History and Compressor on Barotrauma
Authors: Astari Asti Melani , Fatimah  , Andarini Sri 
Published: April 2021

Background Barotrauma causes damage to an enclosed cavity within the human body due to pressure changes inside and outside the body. This research aims to identify the effect of medical history and compressor on barotrauma. Design and method The case-control design and total sampling methods were used to obtained data from 174 respondents. Results The bivariate result showed that the value of medical history was at p=0.006, OR=2.47, with a compressor value of p=0.000, OR=16.29. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis indicated that the compressor has a dominant factor at OR=17.175. Conclusions:: Both medical history and compressor affected barotrauma incidence, with compressor as the most dominant factor.
Quality of Life and Subjective Well-Being Modeling of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Rachmawati Dhian Satya , Nursalam Nursalam , Hargono Rachmat , Widjanarko Otok Bambang 
Published: April 2021

Background Patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and their family are often faced with psychosocial problems that cause stress, such as loss of hope, sleep disorders and interruption in period of rest. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the Quality of Life (QoL) and Subjective Well Being (SWB) of pulmonary TB patients and the affecting factors. Design and methods An analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach was used and a total of 73 respondents were randomly selected from 89 patients with pulmonary TB. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used as study instrument and data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square. Results The results showed that with the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, the SWB and QoL models are fit models based on R2, Q2 values. Furthermore, patient characteristics, patient factors and family factors influence subjective well-being (SWB) and quality of life (QoL). Meanwhile, the dominant influence on SWB was the patient factor, while on QoL it was the family factor. Conclusion This model will be the basis for further studies on how to care for pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their families in order to improve the quality of life and patient acceptance of their sick conditions.
Effect of Moringa Oleifera Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Prevention of Stunted Growth in Children between the Ages of 36 to 42 Months
Authors: Basri Hasan , Hadju Veni , Zulkifli Andi , Syam Aminuddin , Indriasari Rahayu 
Published: April 2021

Background The government has made provisions to improve the nutrition of stunted children under the age of five nationally by providing iron folic acid (IFA) tablet since conception. However, these drugs were not able to reduce the incidence of stunted growth. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of moringa intervention during pregnancy on the incidence of stunted growth in children between the ages of 36 to 42 months. Design and methods This study is a follow-up to an experimental RCT-DB study during pregnancy. The interventions given were PG (Moringa Flour), EG (Moringa Extract) and IG (IFA) which was used as control. Results The highest number of children that had stunted growth after taking the PG by IG and EG extracts were 66 (41.5%), 53 (33.3%) and 40 (25.2%), respectively. The stunted risk factor analysis did not show a significant relationship to the stunted incidence. Furthermore, the consumption and dietary patterns of children were based on only fat consumption which was associated with stunted incidence (p<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the EG extract was effective in reducing the incidence of stunted growth (p<0.005) and as a protective factor of 0.431 times the incidence of stunted growth (LLUL= 0.246-0.754). Conclusions The administration of Moringa oleifera extract during pregnancy prevents the incidence of stunted growth in children.
Differences in the Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Rini Ika Setyo , Rahmayani Titik , Sari Efris Kartika , Lestari Retno 
Published: April 2021

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive disease that causes renal failure and requires extended and long-term therapies. CKD patients need to choose one of these therapies to improve their quality of life. This study aims to investigate differences in the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design and methods The study design used is similar to the cross-sectional design. Therefore, in this study observations were carried out, an EQ_5D life quality questionnaire sheet was administered to respondents, and a purposive sampling method was used. The total number of respondents was 250 and consisted of 125 hemodialysis and CAPD patients each. Results The results obtained using the Mann Whitney method was a p-value (0.515)>α (0.05). These results also included five components, namely the ability to move/walk to an acceptable degree, adequate self-care, performance of usual activities, minimal amount of pain/discomfort during hemodialysis and CAPD, and acceptable levels of anxiety/sadness. Conclusions This research concludes that there is no difference in the quality of life between CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and CAPD.
Family Social Support and the Self-Esteem of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Aprilianto Erik , Lumadi Sih Ageng , Handian Feriana Ira 
Published: April 2021

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first step in breast cancer treatment. However, the medical procedure causes stressors on the self-concept of patients, especially low selfesteem, due to the decrease in the function of their limbs. This research aims to investigate the correlation between family social support and the self-esteem of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. Design and methods A sample of 56 people was selected by a simple random sampling technique, using a family social support questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Results Based on the Spearman Rho statistical test, it was found that the p-value was 0.000 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.762. This indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between family social support and patient self-esteem. Conclusions Families are the closest systems to patients that play an important role as a coping strategy and in disease management. Therefore, it is suggested that family community groups should be developed among families that have breast cancer patients through social networking.
Athletic Administrators' Reporting of Emergency Preparedness Regarding Policies and Procedures in Iowa Secondary Schools
Authors: Williams Richelle M. , Root Hayley J. , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. 
Published: April 2021

Context
Secondary schools that offer school-sponsored athletic events should follow best-practice guidelines to provide policies that promote student health and safety.

Objective
To assess emergency preparedness from the perspective of athletic administrators (AAs) in Iowa secondary schools.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Ninety-eight AAs from Iowa completed the survey (age = 45.33 ± 10.22 years, years as an AA = 9.37 ± 8.14, years in current role = 7.72 ± 7.09).

Main Outcome Measures(s)
The 6-section survey contained with questions about access to athletic trainers (ATs), emergency action plans (EAPs), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), automated external defibrillators (AEDs), concussions, heat illness, and other general policies. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) were reported. Relative risk was calculated to compare schools with and those without access to ATs (P &lt; .05).

Results
Most respondents (76.5%, n = 75/98) reported their school had access to a licensed AT. The majority had a written EAP (83.3%, n = 70/84), but fewer than half (39.2%, n = 31/79) reviewed it annually and fewer than 10% (n = 6/85) reported practicing it each year. All respondents (100%, N = 78/78) stated they had an AED on campus. All respondents (N = 77/77) indicated that they were familiar with the Iowa High School Athletic Association's (IHSAA's) concussion policy and had a concussion guideline in place. Many respondents (95.9%, n = 71/74) described being familiar with the IHSAA's heat illness policy, but more than half (62.1%, n = 41/66) noted they did not have a heat illness policy in place at their school.

Conclusions
Most respondents indicated their school had access to ATs, followed the state-mandated concussion guidelines, and had an AED. Although participants reported having written EAPs in place, levels of annual EAP review and practice were low. These results suggest that schools would benefit from educational opportunities to improve safety policies.
Bilateral Asymmetries of Humeral Retroversion in Junior and Collegiate Tennis Players
Authors: Hannah Daniel C. , Scibek Jason S. , Carcia Christopher R. , Phelps Amy L. 
Published: April 2021

Context
Overhead-throwing athletes consistently display substantial bilateral differences in humeral retroversion (HRV). However, evidence is limited regarding HRV asymmetries in tennis players despite similarities between the overhead throw and tennis serve.

Objective
To determine whether (1) junior and collegiate tennis players demonstrated bilateral differences in HRV and (2) the magnitude of the HRV side-to-side difference (HRVΔ) was similar across age groups.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Field-based setting.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-nine healthy tennis players were stratified into 3 age groups: younger juniors (n = 11, age = 14.5 ± 0.5 years), older juniors (n = 12, age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years), and collegiate (n = 16, age = 19.6 ± 1.2 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Three-trial HRV means were calculated for the dominant and nondominant limbs, and HRVΔ was obtained by subtracting the mean of the nondominant side from that of the dominant side. A paired-samples t test was used to determine bilateral differences in HRV, and a 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare HRVΔ among groups.

Results
For all 3 groups, HRV angle was greater in the dominant versus nondominant upper limb (younger juniors = 62.9° ± 9.1° versus 56.3° ± 6.8°, P = .039; older juniors = 75.5° ± 11.2° versus 68.6° ± 14.2°, P = .043; collegiate = 71.7° ± 8.5° versus 61.2° ± 6.9°, P = .001). However, no differences were detected in HRVΔ across age groups (P = .511).

Conclusions
Consistent with the findings of previous studies of overhead-throwing athletes, we demonstrated greater measures of HRV in the dominant limb of tennis players. Furthermore, HRV asymmetries appeared to have developed before the teenage years, as no changes were observed in HRVΔ among age groups.
La independencia de los periodistas frente a los regalos e interferencias económicas; una perspectiva comparada entre periodistas y ciudadanía
Authors: Suárez Villegas Juan Carlos , Díaz del Campo Jesús , Rodríguez-Martínez Ruth 
Published: April 2021

Dentro del proyecto de I+D+I, “MediaACES. Accountability y Culturas Periodísticas en España. Impacto y propuesta de buenas prácticas en los medios de comunicación españoles”, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo entre periodistas y ciudadanos sobre las buenas prácticas periodísticas y los sistemas de rendición de cuenta. Entre las cuestiones formuladas se ha planteado de qué manera los periodistas podría ver comprometida su independencia informativa ante relaciones más o menos estrechas con poderes políticos y económicos, así como cuando puedan mediar regalos que puedan ir desde un simple gesto de cortesía institucional a ciertas formas de compensación por un tratamiento informativo favorable. En esta comunicación se analiza la posición de los profesionales y de los ciudadanos.
Antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla Del. (Moraceae) stem bark
Authors: Sheidu Azeez Raji , Zezi Abdulkadir Umar , Ahmed Abubakar , Chindo Ben Ahmed , Magaji Garba Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

Ficus platyphylla (Fp) has been used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of pain, ulcer, wound, epilepsy and inflammation. The efficacy of its gum from the stem bark for the management of wound has been widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of Northern Nigeria and therefore, this study was aimed at examining the antimicrobial and wound healing potential of methanol extract of F. platyphylla stem bark (MEFpSB) in order to provide scientific basis for its antimicrobial and wound healing properties. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and antimicrobial activity using some pathogenic micro-organisms were evaluated following its wound healing effectiveness in Wistar rats using the model of superficial skin excision wound. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet’s t-test. The results of preliminary phytochemical screeningrevealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids with anthraquinones absent. The extract showed antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi and significant (p< 0.05, p< 0.001) decrease in wound measurement for 11 days. This study demonstrated that MEFpSB possesses antimicrobial activity with wound healing properties that justifies the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in wound/ulcer healings.
Keywords: Wound healing; Antimicrobial; Ficus platyphylla; Formulation; Topical
Acceptability of Intermittent Screening and Treatment (IST) versus Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for the control of malaria in pregnancy: perspective of the Nigerian pregnant woman
Authors: Dayom Danlami W. , Enato Ehijie F.O. , Ekpe Godwin P. , Kamal Ibrahim A. 
Published: April 2021

This study qualitatively compared the acceptability of intermittent preventive therapy with an alternative intervention - intermittent screening and treatment for prevention of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) among postpartum women in Edo State, Nigeria. Four focused group discussions were held with postpartum women who participated in a multi-center clinical trial that compared intermittent preventive therapy and intermittent screening and treatment for malaria in pregnancy between 2014 and 2015. The focus group discussions were guided by semi-structured open ended questions covering topics related to their experiences and choice of either interventions. Discussions were analyzed inductively based on emerged themes. Intermittent screening and treatment was most preferred and acceptable by the study participants compared to the intermittent preventive treatment approached. The quest to know their health status through the investigations was a motivation for their choice of the intervention. The rejection of intermittent preventive therapy was due to the general fear of medication use during pregnancy without apparent indication considering theside effects experienced with SP-based intermittent preventive therapy by women who considered themselves healthy. A properly designed and implemented intermittent screening and treatment programme could therefore be more effective in reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy in the country.
Keywords: Acceptability; Focus group discussions; Malaria prevention; Pregnant women