bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reallocation of nitrogen and phosphorus from roots drives regrowth of grasses and sedges after defoliation under deficit irrigation and nitrogen enrichment
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Cresswell Tom , Johansen Mathew P. , Harrison Jennifer J. , Jiang Yong , Keitel Claudia , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Reallocation of nutrients from roots to shoots is essential for plant regrowth in grasslands, particularly in nutrient‐poor conditions. However, the response of root nutrient reallocation to changes in nitrogen (N) and water availability remains largely unknown.

Using a novel 15N and 32P labelling technique, we quantified the contribution of N and phosphorus (P) to shoot regrowth from either root reallocation or direct soil uptake for perennial grasses exposed to high‐frequency deficit irrigation (HFDI) and N addition.

Without N addition, HFDI showed no impact on uptake and reallocation of N and P, likely due to unaffected soil N availability and a greater diffusion barrier offsetting increased accumulation in plant‐available soil P. With N addition, HFDI increased plant N rather than P uptake, because of increasing soil N availability instead of P under combined HFDI and N addition. The HFDI decreased both N and P reallocation with N addition, possibly due to exhaustion of nutrient reserves in roots that were re‐allocated above‐ground. Reallocation contributed 48%–97% of N and 58%–79% of P required during the first 2 weeks of shoot regrowth.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of N and P reallocation from roots to buffer against changes in soil N and P availability and to maintain N:P ratio in shoot regrowth.
Rental equivalence, owner‐occupied housing, and inflation measurement: Microlevel evidence from Ireland
Authors: Coffey Cathal , McQuinn Kieran , O'Toole Conor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe use unique supervisory property‐level rental data to estimate a rental equivalence (RE) measure for owner‐occupied housing (OOH) for Ireland. Our data from the official, domestic rental regulator allow us to simultaneously address three issues that have arisen in the empirical application of rental equivalent measures. First, we can differentiate between new and existing rent levels in the analysis; second, we can control for other utility costs; and finally, we are able to estimate an RE measure in the absence of rent controls. To better approximate the OOH structure of the Irish residential market, we estimate 32 separate regional hedonic rent models and use the results to reweight the RE index. We find that our subsequent estimate of RE results in a reduction in the Irish headline rate of consumer price inflation by 0.4 percentage points. Furthermore, we show that there are considerable differences in the inflation rate if new relative to existing rents are used in the RE measures with measures based purely on existing rents biasing downward both the RE measure and the overall consumer price index. This suggests that considerable care is required for policymakers in using RE methods in the presence of data gaps.
A predictive risk‐scoring model for multiple synchronous early gastric cancers or gastric dysplasia before initial endoscopic resection
Authors: Xu Shan Shan , Chai Ning Li , Tang Xiao Wei , Linghu En Qiang , Wang Sha Sha , Feng Xiu Xue , Li Bao 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo establish a new and easy‐to‐use risk‐scoring predictive model to help identify high‐risk patients with multiple synchronous gastric neoplasms (MSGN), including early gastric cancer (EGC) and gastric dysplasia (GD), before initial endoscopic resection (ER).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 1361 patients with EGC or GD who had undergone ER from November 2006 to September 2019. The patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 681) and validation cohorts (n = 680). In the training phase a prediction score was constructed to assess the independent predictors of MSGN based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The performance of the prediction model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test.ResultsOf the 1361 patients, 122 (9.0%) had MSGN. Three predictors for MSGN were scored and weighted, as follows: elderly male (≥65 y; three points), a family history of gastric cancer (two points) and surface redness (two points). Accordingly, patients were divided into the low (risk score, 0‐3 points) or high‐risk groups (risk score, 4‐7 points). In the validation cohort, the incidence of MSGN in the low‐risk and high‐risk groups were 6.1% and 32.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Our predictive risk‐scoring model showed good discrimination (the area under the ROC curve [AUROC] 0.719, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.634‐0.794, P < 0.001) and calibration ability (Hosmer‐Lemeshow test, χ2 = 6.539, P = 0.587) in the validation group.ConclusionThis risk‐scoring model has a good performance in predicting MSGN before the initial ER.
The use of computed tomography in the management of injury in tertiary emergency departments in Western Australia: Evidence of overtesting?
Authors: Ha Ninh T. , Abdullah Lana , Bulsara Max , Celenza Antonio , Doust Jenny , Fatovich Daniel , McRobbie Donald , Mountain David , O’Leary Peter , Slavotinek John , Wright Cameron , Youens David , Moorin Rachael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated trends in computed tomography (CT) utilization across different triage categories of injury presentations to tertiary emergency departments (EDs) and associations with diagnostic yield measured by injury severity, hospitalization and length of stay (LOS), and mortality.MethodsA total of 411,155 injury‐related ED presentations extracted from linked records from Western Australia from 2004 to 2015 were included in the retrospective study. The use of CT scanning and diagnostic yield measured by rate of diagnosis with severe injury, hospitalizations and LOS, and mortality were captured annually for injury‐related ED presentations. Multivariable regression models were used to calculate the annual adjusted rate of CT scanning for injury presentations and hospitalizations across triage categories, diagnosis with severe injury, LOS, and mortality. The significance of changes observed was compared among patients with CT imaging relative to those without CT.ResultsWhile the number of ED presentations with injury increased by 65% from 2004 to 2015, the use of CT scanning in these presentations increased by 176%. The largest increase in CT use was among ED presentations triaged as semi‐/nonurgent (+256%). Injury presentations with CT, compared to those without, had a higher rate of diagnosis with moderate/severe injury and hospitalization but no difference in LOS and mortality. The probability/rate observed in the outcomes of interest had a greater decrease over time in those with CT scanning compared with those without CT scanning across triage categories.ConclusionsThe reduction in diagnostic yield in terms of injury severity and hospitalization found in our study might indicate a shift toward overtesting using CT in ED for injury or a higher use of CT to assist in the management of injuries. This helps health care policymakers consider whether the current increase in CT use meets the desired levels of quality and efficient care.
Burning for grassland pollination: Recently burned patches promote plant flowering and insect pollinators
Authors: Goldas Camila da Silva , Podgaiski Luciana Regina , da Silva Carolina Veronese Corrêa , Mendonça Milton de Souza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGrasslands are historically and evolutionarily associated with disturbances, such as fire, that drive biodiversity assembly patterns and biotic interactions. Disturbance suppression in fire‐prone ecosystems usually leads to a decline in forb diversity and flowering due to biomass accumulation, which could jeopardise pollinator diversity. In this study, we investigated patterns and drivers of plant flowering and flower insect visitor communities in a chronosequence of patches from different time‐since‐fire categories in Southern Brazilian grasslands. Old‐burnt patches (more than 2 years since fire) had taller vegetation, more biomass and grass cover than intermediate (about 1 year after fire) and freshly‐burnt patches (less than 6 months since fire), which had increased bare soil cover. Forb flower abundance was much higher in freshly burnt patches, directly predicted by the degree of habitat openness. Pollinator insects were then benefited by floral resource aggregation in freshly burnt patches, increasing in abundance (bees and butterflies) and species richness (bees). Beetle communities were positively influenced by vegetation height. Furthermore, plant species flowering and bee species composition varied between freshly and old‐burnt grasslands, with indicator species found for all recovery stages but mainly freshly‐burnt patches. Altogether, these results indicate the importance of maintaining freshly‐burnt patches in the grassland landscape: it helps to sustain flower diversity, pollination services and flowering plant reproduction. Our findings support the idea that a mosaic of grasslands from different times‐since‐fire should be considered for grassland conservation.
Uterine leiomyomas in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome can be identified through distinct clinical characteristics and typical morphology
Authors: Uimari Outi , Ahtikoski Anne , Kämpjärvi Kati , Butzow Ralf , Järvelä Ilkka Y. , Ryynänen Markku , Aaltonen Lauri A. , Vahteristo Pia , Kuismin Outi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) constitute a tumor susceptibility syndrome caused by germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. The most common features are leiomyomas of the uterus and the skin. The syndrome includes a predisposition to early‐onset, aggressive renal cell cancer. It is important to identify women with HLRCC among other uterine leiomyoma patients in order to direct them to genetic counseling and to identify other affected family members.Material and methodsWe conducted a nationwide historical study to identify typical clinical characteristics, uterine leiomyoma morphology, and immunohistochemistry for diagnosing HLRCC. The study included 20 women with a known FH germline mutation and 77 women with sporadic uterine leiomyomas. The patient records of all women were reviewed to obtain clinical details regarding their leiomyomas. Uterine leiomyoma tissue specimens from 43 HLRCC‐related leiomyomas and 42 sporadic leiomyomas were collected and prepared for histology analysis. A morphologic description was performed on hematoxylin & eosin‐stained tissue slides, and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out for CD34, Bcl‐2, and p53 stainings.ResultsThe women with HLRCC were diagnosed with uterine leiomyomas at a young age compared with the sporadic leiomyoma group (mean 33.8 years vs. 45.4 years, P < 0.0001), and their leiomyomas occurred as multiples compared with the sporadic leiomyoma group (more than four tumors 88.9% vs. 30.8%, P < 0.0001). Congruently, these women underwent surgical treatment at younger age compared with the sporadic leiomyoma group (mean 37.3 years vs. 48.3 years, P < 0.0001). HLRCC leiomyomas had denser microvasculature highlighted by CD34 immunostaining when compared with the sporadic leiomyoma group (112.6 mean count/high‐power field, SD 20.8 vs. 37.4 mean count/high‐power field, SD 21.0 P < 0.0001) and stronger anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 immunostaining when compared with the sporadic leiomyoma group (weak 4.7%, moderate 44.2%, strong 51.2% vs. 26.2%, 52.4%, 21.4%, respectively, P = 0.003). No differences were observed in p53 staining.ConclusionsWomen with HLRCC may be identified through the distinct clinical characteristics: symptomatic and numerous leioymyomas at young age, and morphologic features of FH‐mutant leiomyomas, aided by Bcl‐2 and CD34 immunohistochemistry. Further, distinguishing individuals with a germline FH mutation enables proper genetic counseling and regular renal monitoring.
Cell sorting and germ layer formation in reconstructed starfish embryos
Authors: Suzuki Sohei , Omori Ikuko , Kuraishi Ritsu , Kaneko Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGerm layer formation is driven by embryonic cell sorting during the early developmental stages. Starfish (Patiria pectinifera) embryos have a connected endoderm and ectoderm, albeit with few contact surfaces between the epithelia. To better understand the association between cell sorting and germ layer formation, we reconstructed P. pectinifera embryos and examined their germ layer formation. Initial observations showed that the presumptive endodermal (pEN) and presumptive ectodermal (pEC) portions of the embryonic body at the late‐blastula stage were preserved throughout development. Based on this, cells that were dissociated from each dermal fragment were mixed in a reconstruction experiment. Our results showed that the pEN and pEC cells were located inside and outside the reaggregates, respectively, to form an embryonic body containing two epithelial layers, separated by a blastocoel. During this process, the pEN cells were motile and shifted from smaller clumps to form a large clump. In contrast, in reaggregates formed in separate cultures, the pEN cells showed strong adhesion abilities, whereas the pEC cells underwent epithelialization. Unlike that in pEN cells, the reaggregation of pEC cells preceded cadherin expression. Filamentous actin was similarly observed in both reaggregates. These results suggest that during the reconstruction of starfish embryos, germ layer formation occurs via the sorting of pEN and pEC cells, depending on their adhesiveness, motility, and epithelialization. In vivo, these properties might embody the physiological significance of cell adhesion in the germ layers constituting the epithelial monolayer.
The prevalence and impact of adolescent hospitalization to adult psychiatric units
Authors: McRae Samantha , Edwards Jordan , Speechley Kathy N. , Sukhera Javeed , Zou Guangyong , Anderson Kelly K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing psychiatric hospitalizations among adolescents and constrained hospital resources, there are times when youth are hospitalized in adult inpatient psychiatry units. Evidence on the prevalence of this practice and associated impacts is lacking.AimsWe sought to explore the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes related to the hospitalization of adolescents aged 12–17 years on adult inpatient psychiatry units in Ontario.MethodsUsing health administrative data, we constructed a cohort of adolescents with an inpatient psychiatric admission in Ontario (2007–2011). We classified adolescents as having an admission to an adult psychiatry unit or to other inpatient units. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for factors associated with adult admission, as well as risk ratios (RR) for the impact of adult admission on length of stay, discharge against medical advice, and 30‐day readmission.ResultsOver the study period, 22.6% of adolescents with a psychiatric hospitalization (n = 16 998) had an admission to an adult psychiatry unit. Older age (16 vs. 15 years: PR = 2.27, 95% CI = 2.07–2.48; 17 vs. 15 years: PR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.66–3.18), rural residence (PR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.38–1.55), psychotic (PR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.15–1.36) or personality disorder (PR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.41–1.80) diagnoses, and involuntary status (PR = 2.18, 95% CI = 2.05–2.31) were independently associated with adult admission. Adolescents admitted to adult units were more likely to be discharged against medical advice (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.45–2.17).ConclusionsNearly one in four adolescent psychiatric admissions occurs on an adult psychiatric unit. These findings help to fill gaps in the prior literature, and highlight the need for further research to inform policy decisions and resource allocation for adolescent inpatient psychiatric care.
Task‐dependent neural representations of visual object categories
Authors: Farzmahdi Amirhossein , Fallah Fatemeh , Rajimehr Reza , Ebrahimpour Reza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat do we perceive in a glance of an object? If we are questioned about it, will our perception be affected? How does the task demand influence visual processing in the brain and, consequently, our behaviour? To address these questions, we conducted an object categorisation experiment with three tasks, one at the superordinate level (‘animate/inanimate’) and two at the basic levels (‘face/body’ and ‘animal/human face’) along with a passive task in which participants were not required to categorise objects. To control bottom‐up information and eliminate the effect of sensory‐driven dissimilarity, we used a particular set of animal face images as the identical target stimuli across all tasks. We then investigated the impact of top‐down task demands on behaviour and brain representations. Behavioural results demonstrated a superordinate advantage in the reaction time, while the accuracy was similar for all categorisation levels. The event‐related potentials (ERPs) for all categorisation levels were highly similar except for about 170 ms and after 300 ms from stimulus onset. In these time windows, the animal/human face categorisation, which required fine‐scale discrimination, elicited a differential ERP response. Similarly, decoding analysis over all electrodes showed the highest peak value of task decoding around 170 ms, followed by a few significant timepoints, generally after 300 ms. Moreover, brain responses revealed task‐related neural modulation during categorisation tasks compared with the passive task. Overall, these findings demonstrate different task‐related effects on the behavioural response and brain representations. The early and late components of neural modulation could be linked to perceptual and top‐down processing of object categories, respectively.
Trace metal accumulation in agricultural soils from mineral phosphate fertiliser applications in European long‐term field trials
Authors: Bergen Benoit , Verbeeck Mieke , Smolders Erik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMineral phosphate (P) fertilisers are the main suspected sources of uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) input to agricultural soils. This study was set up to survey the general long‐term impact of P fertilisers on concentrations of Cd, U and other trace metals in European soils. A total of 218 soil samples was collected from 15 long‐term (3–78 years, median 18 years) P trials at 11 locations with a pairwise comparison of topsoil composition between the fertilised and corresponding unfertilised soils. Aqua regia soil extraction detected the effects of fertilisation more sensitively than the HF (real total) soil extraction. Statistically significant differences in aqua regia soluble metals due to fertiliser application were detected more frequently for U (10 of 15 trials) than for Cd (4 of 15 trials). The concentrations of U and Cd in soil linearly increased with cumulative applied P across all soils and sites; a total addition of 1 ton P ha−1 increased the mean topsoil (23 cm depth) concentrations by 0.11 mg U kg−1 soil (0.09–0.12 mg U kg−1, 95% CI) and 0.03 (0.02–0.04) mg Cd kg−1 soil. These results correspond with mass balance predictions (1 ton P ha−1; +0.15 mg U kg−1 soil and +0.02 mg Cd kg−1 soil) based on previously determined average trace element concentrations in European fertilisers. Data thus suggests that, on average among trials, losses of Cd from soil are undetectable. In contrast, about 30% of the theoretical U input from fertilisers is lost in the same trials. This study provides data to better evaluate the modelled trace metal accumulations in soil and to evaluate the prevailing metal limits in mineral fertilisers.Highlights
U and Cd accumulation in agricultural soils correlates with cumulative mineral P‐fertiliser dose.
Accumulation of fertiliser‐derived U is more often detectable compared to Cd.
Due to its accumulation potential, U accumulation should be monitored.
Aqua regia soluble concentrations better detect metal accumulation in soil than real total concentrations.
Mapping the national web: Spaces, cultures and borders of diasporic mobilization in the digital age
Authors: Boichak Olga , Kumar Priya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNational web is a series of interlinked online spaces, generated and visited by users who share a common national identity, language and/or an interest in a particular country. For diasporic communities living outside of their country of origin, national web is an entity that emerges through the production and circulation of culturally significant content and genres. A wealth of textual and visual data, produced in the process of mediated communication among diasporic actors, turn social media into a point of entry for mapping national webs. In this paper, we explore hyperlinking behaviours among Ukrainian Canadians to map geographic, linguistic and geopolitical boundaries of the Ukrainian national web. Shining light on the spaces and cultures of diasporic mobilization in the digital age, we identify distinct web spheres that mediate the Ukrainian Canadians’ relationship to their country of origin, demonstrating their elevated significance in the current geopolitical context.
Transnationalism unstuck: Precarious work and the transnational geographies of failed migration of Bangladeshi migrant workers in Singapore
Authors: Yea Sallie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the ways exploitative labour migration arrangements leading to ‘failed migration’ can extend discussions of transnationalism. Specifically, failed migration produces different sorts of engagements in transnational social fields to those commonly discussed in the literature and in relation to migrants who are considered successful. These departures allow for reflection on key assumptions about the practices of connection and engagement across borders between migrants and non‐migrants that typify the operation of transnational social fields, including the ways constructions of gender shape these practices. The paper draws on a case study of Bangladeshi low‐waged, transient migrant workers in Singapore. I examine three registers of diluted connection, namely: protecting the family from anxiety; distress for migrants through imposition of censure and suspicion; and the shame associated with exploitation. Moral–cultural frames that inscribe particular economic and social expectations on migrants and, in this case, values associated with ‘being a man’ transferred from home provide a lens through which to understand the reconfiguration of transnational social fields in the context of failed migration.