bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome of the butterfly hillstream loach provides insights into adaptations to torrential mountain stream life
Authors: Deng Yu , Meng Minghui , Fang Jian , Jiang Haifeng , Sun Ning , Lv Wenqi , Lei Yi , Wang Cheng , Bo Jing , Liu Chun , Wang Ying , Yang Liandong , He Shunping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractButterfly hillstream loach (Beaufortia kweichowensis), a benthic fish in the torrential mountain streams, possesses a totally flat ventrum, flattened craniofacial and body skeletons, and enlarged paired fins covered by substantially small keratinous structures. However, little is known about the genetic basis of these specialized morphological adaptations. Here we present a 448.52‐Mb genome assembly with contig N50 length of 5.53 Mb by integrating Illumina short‐read sequencing, Nanopore long‐read sequencing and HiC‐based chromatin map. Demographic history reconstruction of the butterfly hillstream loach reveals that the population dynamics is correlated with the different stages of uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. Comparative genomic analysis finds evidence of six keratin genes in butterfly hillstream loach evolving under positive selection. Within these genes, two keratin genes exhibit species‐specific and divergent amino acid changes, suggesting a role in the formation of the unculi. Additionally, a series of positively selected genes, rapid evolving genes, specific variant genes and expanded gene families are found, including genes related to Hedgehog, Notch and BMP pathways, which may be involved in craniofacial development. These findings may have important implications for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic adaptation to torrential mountain stream life.
Physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of newly developed calcium silicate‐based sealers
Authors: Park Min‐Gyu , Kim In‐Ryoung , Kim Hyung Joon , Kwak Sang Won , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the physical properties and cytocompatibility of contemporary calcium silicate‐based sealers. Four calcium silicate‐based sealers (BrightEndo MTA sealer, CeraSeal, EndoSeal TCS and One‐Fil) were compared to an epoxy resin‐based sealer (AH Plus). Flow, setting time, radiopacity and dimensional change were evaluated according to ISO 6876 standards. Cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells was compared for biological properties using MTT assay. The surface of the sealer was analysed using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate cell attachment. Flow and radiopacity of all sealers met ISO standards, while setting time and dimensional stability did not meet the ISO standards. Calcium silicate‐based sealers showed favourable cytocompatibility, and hPDLF cells were well attached to the calcium silicate‐based sealers. Calcium silicate‐based sealers have clinically acceptable flow and radiopacity, and cytocompatibility. However, these sealers had longer setting time and higher dimensional change than those required by ISO 6876.
Recent sexual violence exposure is associated with immune biomarkers of HIV susceptibility in women
Authors: Aldous Annette M. , Joy Christopher , Daniels Jason , Jais Mariel , Simmens Samuel J. , Magnus Manya , Roberts Afsoon , Connors Kaleigh , Capozzi Brendan , Mohamed Hani , Juzumaite Monika , Devore Heather , Moriarty Theresa , Hatch Schultz Catherine , Zumer Maria , Simon Gary , Ghosh Mimi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProblemHIV/AIDS and sexual violence act synergistically and compromise women's health. Yet, immuno‐biological mechanisms linking sexual violence and increased HIV susceptibility are poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional pilot study of HIV‐uninfected women, comparing 13 women exposed to forced vaginal penetration within the past 12 weeks (Exposed) with 25 Non‐Exposed women. ELISA assays were conducted for 49 biomarkers associated with HIV pathogenesis in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). Differences between Exposed and Non‐Exposed were analyzed by linear and logistic regression, using propensity score weighting to control for age, race, socioeconomic status, menstrual cycle, and contraceptive use.ResultsIn CVL, Exposed women had significantly reduced chemokines MIP‐3α (p < .01), MCP‐1 (p < .01), and anti‐HIV/wound‐healing thrombospondin‐1 (p = .03). They also had significantly increased inflammatory cytokine IL‐1α (p < 0.01) and were more likely to have detectable wound‐healing PDGF (p = .02). In plasma, Exposed women had reduced chemokines MIP‐3α (p < .01) and IL‐8 (p < .01), anti‐inflammatory cytokine TGF‐β (p = .02), anti‐HIV/antimicrobial HBD–2 (p = .02), and wound‐healing MMP‐1 (p = 0.02). They also had increased thrombospondin‐1 (p < .01) and Cathepsin B (p = .01).After applying the stringent method of false discovery rate adjustment, differences for IL‐1α (p = .05) and MCP‐1 (p = .03) in CVL and MIP‐3α (p = .03) in plasma remained significant.ConclusionsWe report systemic and mucosal immune dysregulation in women exposed to sexual violence. As these biomarkers have been associated with HIV pathogenesis, dysregulation may increase HIV susceptibility.
Opposition to abortion related to inaccurate beliefs about fetal pain perception in utero
Authors: Harcourt Emma , Bering Jesse , Gullam Joanna 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMisinformation about abortion and pregnancy is common. Restrictions on abortion access at and beyond 20 weeks are frequently justified using the claim that a fetus can experience pain before the third trimester. The current medical consensus is that it is unlikely that fetal pain perception is possible before the 29th or 30th weeks of pregnancy.AimsTo examine the relationship between abortion attitudes and beliefs about when a fetus develops the capacity to perceive pain in utero.Methods and MaterialsWe used Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to recruit participants residing in the United States (N = 374) and used an online questionnaire to assess their beliefs about abortion and the ability of a fetus to perceive pain.ResultsAnti‐choice participants were more likely than pro‐choice participants to believe that a fetus in utero can perceive pain before the 23rd week of pregnancy (63.4 vs. 48.5%, P = 0.010) and in the first trimester (40.1 vs. 15.8%, P < 0.000). Most Black and Catholic participants, along with those with advanced degrees, believed that fetal pain is not possible before the third trimester.ConclusionsMost participants believed that a fetus develops the capacity to perceive pain earlier than developmental reality, and this belief correlates with anti‐choice views.
Molecular sensitization patterns in animal allergy: Relationship with clinical relevance and pet ownership
Authors: Hemmer Wolfgang , Sestak‐Greinecker Gabriele , Braunsteiner Tobias , Wantke Felix , Wöhrl Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro diagnosis using single molecules is increasingly complementing conventional extract‐based diagnosis. We explored in routine patients with animal allergy to what extent molecules can explain polysensitization and identify primary sensitizers and how individual IgE patterns correlate with previous pet ownership and clinical relevance.MethodsSerum samples from 294 children and adults with suspect allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis or asthma and a positive skin prick test to cat, dog and/or horse were tested by ImmunoCAP for IgE antibodies against eleven different allergens from cat (Fel d 1,2,4,7), dog (Can f 1,2,3,4,5,6) and horse (Equ c 1).ResultsPatients monosensitized to cat (40.8%) or dog (6.1%) showed simple IgE patterns dominated by Fel d 1 (93%) and Can f 5 (67%), respectively. Double‐sensitization to cat+dog (25.9%), cat+horse (5.4%) and polysensitization (20.7%) was associated with an increasing prevalence of the cross‐reactive lipocalins Fel d 4/Can f 6/Equ c 1 and Fel d 7/Can f 1. While these lipocalins were not reliable markers for genuine sensitization per se, comparison of sIgE levels may give a clue on the primary sensitizer. Sensitizations to dog appeared to result from cross‐reactivity with cat in 48%, with half of these sensitizations lacking clinical relevance. Individual sensitization patterns strongly mirrored current or previous pet ownership with the exception of Fel d 1 which regularly caused sensitization also in non‐owners.ConclusionsAllergen components can reasonably illuminate the molecular basis of animal (poly)sensitization in the majority of patients and are helpful in distinguishing between primary sensitization and sometimes less relevant cross‐reactivity.
Multiple distinct, scale‐dependent links between fungi and decomposition
Authors: Smith Gabriel Reuben , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecomposition has historically been considered a function of climate and substrate but new research highlights the significant role of specific micro‐organisms and their interactions. In particular, wood decay is better predicted by variation in fungal communities than in climate. Multiple links exist: interspecific competition slows decomposition in more diverse fungal communities, whereas trait variation between different communities also affects process rates. Here, we paired field and laboratory experiments using a dispersal gradient at a forest‐shrubland ecotone to examine how fungi affect wood decomposition across scales. We observed that while fungal communities closer to forests were capable of faster decomposition, wood containing diverse fungal communities decomposed more slowly, independent of location. Dispersal‐driven stochasticity in small‐scale community assembly was nested within large‐scale turnover in the regional species pool, decoupling the two patterns. We thus find multiple distinct links between microbes and ecosystem function that manifest across different spatial scales.
Bryophyte C:N:P stoichiometry, biogeochemical niches and elementome plasticity driven by environment and coexistence
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Preece Catherine , Corbera Jordi , Cano Oriol , Garcia‐Porta Joan , Sardans Jordi , Janssens Ivan A. , Sabater Francesc , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEcological stoichiometry and studies of biogeochemical niches have mainly focused on plankton and vascular plants, but the phenotypically closest modern relatives of early plants, bryophytes, have been largely neglected. We analysed C:N:P stoichiometries and elemental compositions (K, Na, Mg, Ca, S, Fe) of 35 widely distributed bryophyte species inhabiting springs. We estimated bryophyte C:N:P ratios and their biogeochemical niches, investigated how elementomes respond to the environment and determined whether they tend to diverge more for coexisting than non‐coexisting individuals and species. The median C:N:P was 145:8:1, intermediate between Redfield's ratio for marine plankton and those for vascular plants. Biogeochemical niches were differentiated amongst species and were phylogenetically conserved. Differences in individual and species‐specific elementomes increased with coexistence between species. Our results provide an evolutionary bridge between the ecological stoichiometries of algae and vascular plants and suggest that differences in elementomes could be used to understand community assemblages and functional diversity.
Dementia increases mortality beyond effects of comorbid conditions: A national registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Taudorf Lærke , Nørgaard Ane , Brodaty Henry , Laursen Thomas Munk , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMortality is known to be markedly increased in people with dementia. However, the association between multiple chronic conditions and mortality in dementia is not well clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of somatic and psychiatric diseases on mortality in dementia compared with the general elderly population.MethodsUsing a cohort study design, nationwide registry data from 2006 to 2015 on dementia and psychiatric and somatic comorbidities defined by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were linked. Impact of chronic conditions was assessed according to mortality rate ratios (MRRs) in all Danish residents aged ≥65 years with and without dementia.ResultsOur population comprised 1,518,917 people, of whom 114,109 people were registered with dementia. The MRRs was 2.70 (95% confidence interval 2.68, 2.72) in people with dementia after adjusting for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidities. MRRs increased with higher CCI score, and when comparing people with a similar comorbidity load, MRRs were significantly higher for people with dementia.ConclusionsThe comorbidity load was associated with increased mortality in both people with and without dementia. Mortality in dementia remained increased, even after adjusting for psychiatric and chronic somatic comorbidities. Our findings suggest that dementia disorders alone contribute to excess mortality, which may be further increased by comorbidities.
Disruption of intestinal barrier and endotoxemia after traumatic brain injury: Implications for post‐traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Mazarati Andrey , Medel‐Matus Jesus‐Servando , Shin Don , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Sankar Raman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) may lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier (IB), and to the escape of products of commensal gut bacteria, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into the bloodstream. We examined whether lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) and post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) are associated with the increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and whether these events in turn are associated with PTE.MethodsLFPI was delivered to adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Before, 1 week, and 7 months after LFPI, the IB permeability was examined by measuring plasma concentration of fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled dextran (FD4) upon its enteral administration. Plasma LPS concentration was measured in the same animals, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. PTE was examined 7 months after LFPI, with use of video‐EEG (electroencephalography) monitoring.ResultsOne week after LFPI, the IB disruption was detected in 14 of 17 and endotoxemia – in 10 of 17 rats, with a strong positive correlation between FD4 and LPS levels, and between plasma levels of each of the analytes and the severity of neuromotor deficit. Seven months after LFPI, IB disruption was detected in 13 of 15 and endotoxemia in 8 of 15 rats, with a strong positive correlation between plasma levels of the two analytes. Five of 15 LFPI rats developed PTE. Plasma levels of both FD4 and LPS were significantly higher in animals with PTE than among the animals without PTE. The analysis of seven rats, which were examined repeatedly at 1 week and at 7 months, confirmed that late IB disruption and endotoxemia were not due to lingering of impairments occurring shortly after LFPI.SignificanceLFPI leads to early and remote disruption of IB and a secondary endotoxemia. Early and late perturbations may occur in different subjects. Early changes reflect the severity of acute post‐traumatic motor dysfunction, whereas late changes are associated with PTE.
Unconventional monetary policy and international equity capital flows to emerging markets
Authors: Andreou Christoforos K. , Dimic Nebojsa , Piljak Vanja , Savvides Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between monetary policies pursued by three major central banks (U.S. Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bank of Japan) and net equity capital flows to emerging markets (EMs) by global investment funds. We focus on two aspects of central bank policy: The growth of central bank assets and the surprise element of asset growth. We find, first, positive, economically large and statistically significant spillovers from the U.S. Federal Reserve asset growth to EM equity inflows following the adoption of unconventional monetary policies. Second, U.S. Federal Reserve and (to a lesser extent) European Central Bank asset growth surprises are negatively related to EM capital flows.
The search for blue transitions in aquaculture‐dominant countries
Authors: Cottrell Richard S. , Ferraro Danielle M. , Blasco Gordon D. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Froehlich Halley E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe capacity for aquaculture to provide an alternative source of fish and seafood to capture fisheries was once promoted as a tool to reduce demand for wild fish and thus tackle overfishing. To date, there is little evidence to suggest that aquaculture growth has successfully reduced fishing effort on wild populations. Recent theory on “blue transitions” suggests that displacement may only occur as aquaculture production surpasses that of capture operations. Yet, there has been no systematic attempt to understand whether aquaculture‐driven fisheries displacement has occurred in countries where aquaculture is now the dominant production form. We investigate the role of aquaculture on fisheries landings in these “aquaculture‐dominant” countries using national‐level production, trade, consumption and socioeconomic data from 1980 to 2017. Importantly, we find that aquaculture growth is associated with fisheries decline in aquaculture‐dominant countries, but the marginal effects of aquaculture have a far weaker influence on wild‐caught landings than other promoting factors, such as fish consumption and trade. Further, our qualitative analysis of the state of wild fisheries in aquaculture‐dominant nations suggests that overexploitation continues to be pervasive and that any minimal displacement effects from aquaculture are unlikely to have offset the environmental impacts imposed by the growing sector. The rise of aquaculture as an alternative production form can provide valuable insights for growing industries developing sustainable new foods. Unless coupled with effective food consumption policy, such products may simply add to rather than displace the environmental impacts of human food production.
Changes in trading behavior of analyst‐affiliated institutions: the impact of the global analyst research settlement
Authors: Hwang Hyoseok (David) 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the Global Analyst Research Settlement (GS) on the trading behavior of analyst‐affiliated institutions. Using firms with securities class actions, I find that analyst‐affiliated institutions reduce their stockholdings of sued firms prior to their own analyst downgrades, which supports a front‐running hypothesis. This front‐running trading behavior of analyst‐affiliated institutions diminishes for sanctioned institutions after the GS. However, the informed trading behavior of the analyst‐affiliated institutions remains strong for non‐sanctioned institutions, implying that the Global Settlement could not impede non‐sanctioned institutions from front‐running trading activities. This study suggests more regulatory actions are needed to prevent analyst‐affiliated institutions’ misconduct.
Integration of evidence across human and model organism studies: A meeting report
Authors: Palmer Rohan H. C. , Johnson Emma C. , Won Hyejung , Polimanti Renato , Kapoor Manav , Chitre Apurva , Bogue Molly A. , Benca‐Bachman Chelsie E. , Parker Clarissa C. , Verma Anurag , Reynolds Timothy , Ernst Jason , Bray Michael , Kwon Soo Bin , Lai Dongbing , Quach Bryan C. , Gaddis Nathan C. , Saba Laura , Chen Hao , Hawrylycz Michael , Zhang Shan , Zhou Yuan , Mahaffey Spencer , Fischer Christian , Sanchez‐Roige Sandra , Bandrowski Anita , Lu Qing , Shen Li , Philip Vivek , Gelernter Joel , Bierut Laura J. , Hancock Dana B. , Edenberg Howard J. , Johnson Eric O. , Nestler Eric J. , Barr Peter B. , Prins Pjotr , Smith Desmond J. , Akbarian Schahram , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir , Walton Dave , Baker Erich , Jacobson Daniel , Palmer Abraham A. , Miles Michael , Chesler Elissa J. , Emerson Jake , Agrawal Arpana , Martone Maryann , Williams Robert W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe National Institute on Drug Abuse and Joint Institute for Biological Sciences at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory hosted a meeting attended by a diverse group of scientists with expertise in substance use disorders (SUDs), computational biology, and FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) data sharing. The meeting's objective was to discuss and evaluate better strategies to integrate genetic, epigenetic, and 'omics data across human and model organisms to achieve deeper mechanistic insight into SUDs. Specific topics were to (a) evaluate the current state of substance use genetics and genomics research and fundamental gaps, (b) identify opportunities and challenges of integration and sharing across species and data types, (c) identify current tools and resources for integration of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic data, (d) discuss steps and impediment related to data integration, and (e) outline future steps to support more effective collaboration—particularly between animal model research communities and human genetics and clinical research teams. This review summarizes key facets of this catalytic discussion with a focus on new opportunities and gaps in resources and knowledge on SUDs.
The impact of climate warming on species diversity across scales: Lessons from experimental meta‐ecosystems
Authors: Bastazini Vinicius A. G. , Galiana Núria , Hillebrand Helmut , Estiarte Marc , Ogaya Romá , Peñuelas Josep , Sommer Ulrich , Montoya José M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the effects of climate warming on biodiversity across spatial scales (i.e., α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity) and the effects of patch openness and experimental context on diversity responses.LocationGlobal.Time period1995–2017.Major taxa studiedFungi, invertebrates, phytoplankton, plants, seaweed, soil microbes and zooplankton.MethodsWe compiled data from warming experiments and conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of warming on different components of diversity (such as species richness and equivalent numbers) at different spatial scales (α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity, partitioning β‐diversity into species turnover and nestedness components). We also investigated how these effects were modulated by system openness, defined as the possibility of replicates being colonized by new species, and experimental context (duration, mean temperature change and ecosystem type).ResultsExperimental warming did not affect local species richness (α‐diversity) but decreased effective numbers of species by affecting species dominance. Warming increased species spatial turnover (β‐diversity), although no significant changes were detected at the regional scale (γ‐diversity). Site openness and experimental context did not significantly affect our results, despite significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes of α‐ and β‐diversity.Main conclusionsOur meta‐analysis shows that the effects of warming on biodiversity are scale dependent. The local and regional inventory diversity remain unaltered, whereas species composition across temperature gradients and the patterns of species dominance change with temperature, creating novel communities that might be harder to predict.