bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Z‐Selective Fluoroalkenylation of (Hetero)Aromatic Systems by Iodonium Reagents in Palladium‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Activation
Authors: Tóth Balázs L. , Sályi Gergő , Domján Attila , Egyed Orsolya , Bényei Attila , Gonda Zsombor , Novák Zoltán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe direct and catalytic incorporation of fluorine containing molecular motifs into organic compounds resulting high‐value added chemicals represents a rapidly evolving part of synthetic methodologies, thus this area is in the focus of pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. Herein we report a stereoselective procedure for direct fluorovinylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic scaffolds. This methodology development has been realized by palladium‐catalyzed ortho C−H activation reaction of aniline derivatives featuring the regioselectivity via directing groups such as secondary of tertiary amides, ureas or ketones. The application of non‐symmetrical aryl(fluoroalkenyl)‐iodonium salts as fluoroalkenylating agents allowed mild reaction conditions in general for this transformation. The scope and limitations have been thoroughly investigated and the feasibility has been demonstrated by more than 50 examples.magnified image
Fruit traits diversity in Burmese grape through multivariate analysis
Authors: Hoque A. K. M. Ariful , Chowdhury Hasina Tabassum , Tipu Mohammad Monirul Hasan , Biswas Suman , Islam M R , Rahman M. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBurmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) is a minor fruit plant grown in subtropical countries and is rich in different vitamins and minerals. In this study, fruit traits diversity of 23 Burmese grape accessions were assessed through multivariate analysis and application of covariance matrix in locating promising parents for an auspicious crossing program. Among the four clusters, assemblages III and VI dominated maximum number of fruit traits constitutions. Surrounded by the fruit traits constitution, the first principal axis largely affords 46.14% of the variation. Intergenotypic gap was observed highest (30.42) between the fruit traits constitution BS004 and BS019, followed by genetic constitution BS003 and BS004 (29.40). The maximum intracluster distance was noticed (40.50) for cluster IV, whereas cluster I showed the lowest intracluster distance (35.32). In between assemblages I and V, the highest interassemblage distance (835.77) was computed. On the other hand, the lowest distance (105.75) was computed between assemblages II and assemblage V. Observation indicated that higher intercluster differences were noticed than intracluster differences, and this recommended ample fruit traits variation among the fruit traits constitution of different clusters. With respect to both quantitative parameters’ assemblage, CL004, CL010 from cluster I was quite diverse compared with all other assemblages, which is pertinent for a productive crossing program.
Limited evidence that larger acorns bufferQuercus rubraseedlings from density‐dependent biotic stressors
Authors: Jevon Fiona , Lang Ashley , Ayres Matthew , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremisePlant performance and functional traits vary considerably within species, particularly in response to environmental variation. Plant responses may reflect life‐history trade‐offs, such as between resource acquisition and resource conservation. Larger seeds may buffer young plants from the negative effects of environmental variation, such as limitations in nutrients or water. However, whether seed size plays a similar role in how plants respond to variation in their biotic environment, including competition and soil microbial communities, remains poorly understood.MethodsWe used a greenhouse experiment to test the interactive effects of intraspecific competition, the origin of the soil microbial community, and seed size on performance and functional traits inQuercus rubraL. seedlings.ResultsIntraspecific variation in seedling traits weakly aligned with a resource acquisition–conservation trade‐off. Across the wide range of initial acorn mass, competition decreased seedling biomass by about 35%. Competition directly decreased the root mass ratio and indirectly increased specific leaf area and specific root length, via the negative effects on total biomass. In contrast, soil microbial communities had minor effects on seedlings, and we found no differences between plants receiving soil originating from a conspecific adult and plants receiving soil originating from a heterospecific adult.ConclusionsCompetition is a more important driver of intraspecific variation in youngQuercus rubraseedling performance and traits, both directly and by delaying ontogenetic development, than soil microbial communities. Seed size is an important predictor of seedling biomass, but a larger seed does not necessarily buffer seedlings from the effects of competition.
Impacts of family and fieldwork on career/family balance among tenure‐track and tenured anthropologists
Authors: Brazelton Lisa , Howells Michaela , Landgraf Lauren , Lynn Christopher D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesA common dilemma rarely mentioned during doctoral training is career/family balance—especially the timing of children. This dilemma extends to professional anthropologists and includes questions surrounding the benefits and challenges of taking children to the field. We analyzed survey data from tenure‐track and tenured anthropologists to determine if fieldwork in general and fieldwork with or without their children on site impacts career/family balance. We hypothesized that having children and the burden of fieldwork puts more strain on women than on men in anthropology.MethodsWe compared 297 tenure‐track and tenured anthropologists by gender, tenure status, and mean annual time spent conducting fieldwork using survey data collected for the Family and the Field study. Analysis was conducted using a combination of hierarchical multivariate analysis of variance and regression to analyze the differing factors affecting various groups.ResultsThe primary differences in career/family balance occurred between tenure‐track and tenured anthropologists, not women and men, and that fieldwork requirements do not necessarily make achieving personal balance harder for anthropologists than other academics.ConclusionsThe need to conduct fieldwork may dissuade some people with or planning to have children from becoming anthropologists. However, upon obtaining tenure‐track positions, the burdens impacting “balance” taper off and become less stressful. We offer policy suggestions for buffering stress related to career/family balance that may negatively impact decisions to pursue or continue in anthropology as a career.
Bacterial diversity of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from different geographical conditions in China
Authors: Guo Chunhui , Peng Xin , Wang Hantang , Zheng Xialin , Hu Ping , Zhou Jing , Ding Zhirou , Wang Xue , Yang Zhende 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInsects harbor numerous endosymbionts, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses, which could affect the ecology and behavior of their hosts. However, data regarding the effect of environmental factors on endosymbiotic bacteria of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are quite rare. In this study, we assessed the diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa from 10 different geographic populations collected across China through the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 547 OTUs were generated, which were annotated into 19 phyla, 33 classes, 75 orders, 137 families, and 274 genera. The dominant bacteria detected in L. invasa were Rickettsia, and Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus were also annotated among each population. Nevertheless, the endosymbiotic bacterial abundance and diversity varied among different populations, which was related to the local climate (annual mean high temperature). The bacterial function prediction analysis showed that these endosymbiotic bacteria were concentrated in metabolism, such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Overall, the results provide a comprehensive description of the endosymbiotic bacteria in 10 different populations of an important eucalyptus pest L. invasa, and help to understand the endosymbiotic bacterial diversity and adaptation of various conditions.
Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations of phthalazines as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Ibrahim Mohamed K. , Khedr Fathalla , Abulkhair Hamada S. , Eissa Ibrahim H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwenty new N‐substituted‐4‐phenylphthalazin‐1‐amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities against HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cells as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. HCT‐116 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibition concentration, IC50 = 3.97, 4.83, and 4.58 µM, respectively, which is more potent than both sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18, 5.47, and 7.26 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94, 8.07, and 6.75 µM, respectively). Fifteen of the synthesized derivatives were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activities against VEGFR‐2. Compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.08 µM, which is more potent than sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compound 8c inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Moreover, compound 7a showed very good activity with IC50 values of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. In addition, compounds 7d, 7c, and 7g possessed very good VEGFR‐2‐inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.14, 0.17, and 0.23 µM, respectively.
Impact of unequal cluster sizes for GEE analyses of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes
Authors: Tian Zibo , Preisser John S. , Esserman Denise , Turner Elizabeth L. , Rathouz Paul J. , Li Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe stepped wedge (SW) design is a type of unidirectional crossover design where cluster units switch from control to intervention condition at different prespecified time points. While a convention in study planning is to assume the cluster‐period sizes are identical, SW cluster randomized trials (SW‐CRTs) involving repeated cross‐sectional designs frequently have unequal cluster‐period sizes, which can impact the efficiency of the treatment effect estimator. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the efficiency impact of unequal cluster sizes for generalized estimating equation analyses of SW‐CRTs, with a focus on binary outcomes as in the Washington State Expedited Partner Therapy trial. Several major distinctions between our work and existing work include the following: (i) we consider multilevel correlation structures in marginal models with binary outcomes; (ii) we study the implications of both the between‐cluster and within‐cluster imbalances in sizes; and (iii) we provide a comparison between the independence working correlation versus the true working correlation and detail the consequences of ignoring correlation estimation in SW‐CRTs with unequal cluster sizes. We conclude that the working independence assumption can lead to substantial efficiency loss and a large sample size regardless of cluster‐period size variability in SW‐CRTs, and recommend accounting for correlations in the analysis. To improve study planning, we additionally provide a computationally efficient search algorithm to estimate the sample size in SW‐CRTs accounting for unequal cluster‐period sizes, and conclude by illustrating the proposed approach in the context of the Washington State study.
Incorporating genetic and clinical data into the prediction of thromboembolism risk in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Bastos‐Oreiro Mariana , Ortiz Javier , Pradillo Virginia , Salas Eduardo , Marínez‐Laperche Carolina , Muñoz Andrés , Buño Ismael , Diéz‐Martin José Luis , Soria Jose Manuel , Pascual Izquierdo Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incorporation of genetic variables into risk scores for predicting venous thromboembolic events (VTE) could improve their capacity to identify those patients for whom thromboprophylaxis would be most beneficial. Proof‐of‐concept of this is provided by the TiC‐ONCO score for predicting the risk of VTE in patients with solid tumours. Our aim was to develop a similarly improved tool—the TiC‐LYMPHO score—for predicting VTE in patients with lymphoma.MethodsIn a retrospective observational study of 208 patients with lymphoma, 31 (14.9%) were found to have experienced an episode of VTE either at the time of diagnosis or over the next 6 months. Clinical variables associated with VTE, determined via logistic regression analysis, plus the same genetic variables included in the TiC‐ONCO score, were used to build the TiC‐LYMPHO score algorithm. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and AUC of the TiC‐LYMPHO, the Khorana and ThroLy scores were compared in the same population.ResultsThe TiC‐LYMPHO score showed a significantly higher AUC, sensitivity and NPV (0.783, 95.35% and 97.98% respectively) than the other scores. The ThroLy score showed a significantly higher specificity (96.43% vs. 54.49%; p < 0.0001) and PPV (37.50% vs. 26.36%; p = 0.0147) than the TiC‐LYMPHO score, whereas its AUC, sensitivity and NPV were significantly lower (0.579, 19.35% and 86.48%, respectively).ConclusionThese results show that by incorporating genetic and clinical data into VTE risk assessment, the TiC‐LYMPHO score can categorize patients with lymphoma better in terms of their risk of VTE and allow individualized thromboprophylaxis to be prescribed.
Tunable CO Dissociation Assisted by H2 over Cobalt Species: A Mechanistic Study by In‐situ DRIFTS
Authors: Shi Kangzhong , Guo Lisheng , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yong , Li Da , Liu Kai , Li Mengmeng , Xue Zhaoming , Sun Song , Mao Changjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an important heterogeneous catalytic process that can effectively reduce human dependence on the non‐renewable petroleum resources. Cobalt is a crucial active metal center in most catalysts, which effectively catalyzes syngas into valuable products such as liquid fuels. On this basis, we systematically investigated the adsorption of CO on the surface of different cobalt species and its dissociation characteristics assisted by H2 are studied by the in‐situ DRIFTS. For the metallic cobalt phase, H2‐assisted CO dissociation not only possessed the FTS activity, but also inhibited the CO disproportionation reaction. However, for the CoO phase, the bidentate carbonate species were decomposed into CO2. In addition, CoO presented a high‐chain propagation ability than that of Co under the same operation conditions. Co2O3 and Co3O4 also exhibited similar CO dissociation patterns with the assistance of H2. However, different from CoO phase, formate species also formed under the H2 atmosphere over these two Co species. In summary, CO dissociation would be well tuned via the assistance of H2 as demonstrated by the in‐situ DRIFTS. This work provides a new sight on the rational design of efficient cobalt catalysts toward the FTS processes.
Ventricular wall stress and wall shear stress homeostasis predicts cardiac remodeling during pregnancy: A modeling study
Authors: Comunale Giulia , Susin Francesca M. , Mynard Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPregnancy is a unique and dynamic process characterized by significant changes in the maternal cardiovascular system that are required to satisfy the increased maternal and fetal metabolic demands. Profound structural and hemodynamic adaptations occur during healthy pregnancy that allows the mother to maintain healthy hemodynamics and provide an adequate uteroplacental blood circulation to ensure physiological fetal development. Investigating these adaptations is crucial for understanding the physiology of pregnancy and may provide important insights for the management of high‐risk pregnancies. However, no previous modeling studies have investigated the maternal cardiac structural changes that occur during gestation. This study, therefore, had two aims. The first was to develop a lumped parameter model of the whole maternal circulation that is suitable for studying global hemodynamics and cardiac function at different stages of gestation. The second was to test the hypothesis that myofiber stress and wall shear stress homeostasis principles can be used to predict cardiac remodeling that occurs during normal pregnancy. Hemodynamics and cardiac variables predicted from simulations with and without controlled cardiac remodeling algorithms were compared and evaluated with reference clinical data. While both models reproduced the hemodynamic variations that arise in pregnancy, importantly, we show that the structural changes that occur with pregnancy could be predicted by assuming invariant homeostatic “target” values of myocardial wall stress and chamber wall shear stress.
Magnesium(I) Reduction of CO and N2 Complexes of Cummins’ Molybdenum(III) Tris(anilide), [Mo(L){N(Ar’)But}3] (L=CO or N2; Ar’=3,5‐dimethylphenyl)
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Paparo Albert , Matthews Aidan J. R. , Jones Cameron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReductions of the in situ generated CO and N2 complexes of Cummins’ molybdenum(III) tris(anilide) complex, viz. [Mo(L){N(Ar’)But}3] (L=CO or N2, Ar’=3,5‐dimethylphenyl), using a dimagnesium(I) compound, [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2] (MesNacnac=[HC(MeCNMes)2]−, Mes=mesityl), are reported. Reduction of [Mo(CO){N(Ar’)But}3] afforded a mixture of products, three of which were isolated in low yield and crystallographically characterized. These were a molybdenum(II) tris(carbamoyl) complex, [(MesNacnac)Mg{μ‐(O=)[But(Ar’)N]C}3Mo(CO)3] 1, a magnesium(II) carbamate, [{(MesNacnac)Mg[μ‐O2CN(Ar’)But]}2] 2, and the 1,3‐diamino‐1,2,3‐trione, But(Ar’)NC3(=O)3N(Ar’)But 3. The mechanisms of formation of these products are speculated upon. The reduction of [Mo(N2){N(Ar’)But}3] with [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2], in the presence of the N‐heterocyclic carbene, :C{N(Me)C(Me)}2 TMC, gave the heterobimetallic molybdenum(II) diazenido complex, [(MesNacnac)(TMC)Mg(μ‐N2)Mo{N(Ar’)But}3] 4, in a low‐moderate isolated yield. Reaction of this with chlorotrimethylsilane afforded an essentially quantitative yield of the known silyldiazenido complex, [(Me3SiN2)Mo{N(Ar’)But}3] 5.
Study on biochar as desulfurizer for SOFC application
Authors: Setiawan Hendrik , Sakamoto Mio , Shiratori Yusuke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe potential of biogas as a source of H2 for the operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) has received much attention in recent years. However, in order to achieve commercial‐level stability of a biogas‐fueled SOFC system, impurities in biogas such as H2S, which poisons the reforming catalyst and anode material, must be eliminated. In this study, an environmentally‐friendly biogas purification process using biochar was explored. Bamboo (BB) and rice husk (RH) were chosen as starting materials and heat‐treated at 500°C for 120 min in an O2‐free atmosphere to produce BB‐ and RH‐derived biochars, BB‐BC and RH‐BC, respectively, then treated with steam or ammonia. H2S adsorption tests were performed for these biochar samples, and breakthrough capacity (ACPH2S(0)) and total H2S adsorption capacity (ACPH2S) were evaluated. Steam treatment effectively increased ACPH2S(0) and ACPH2S for BB‐BC, however, intense steam treatment had a negative effect, especially for RH‐BC because of the silica exposed on the surface. Ammonia treatment of biochar to form pyridinic N sites on the carbon surface was considerably effective to enhance the performance of a biochar as desulfurizer. By the ammonia treatment of RH‐BC at 900°C, ACPH2S(0) and ACPH2S increased by 2 and 30 times, respectively.
US experience with futures transaction taxes
Authors: Mixon Scott 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe transaction tax on futures reduced trading volume during the 1920s and 1930s but had no apparent effect on volatility or open interest. The relative magnitude of the tax was highest for intermediaries and appears to have substantially reduced intra‐day trading, but it did not dramatically affect hedging activity or the level of cash or futures prices. Pit traders were particularly distressed by a 400% increase in the tax rate in 1932 and effectively widened spreads by avoiding trades at the minimum price increment. This doubling of the minimum tick size was formally implemented in exchange rules 1 year later.
Multidirectional facets of obesity management in the metabolic syndrome population after liver transplantation
Authors: Czarnecka Kinga , Czarnecka Paulina , Tronina Olga , Bączkowska Teresa , Durlik Magdalena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe obesity pandemic has resulted in an increasing demand for liver transplantation and has significantly altered the profile of liver transplant candidates in addition to affecting posttransplantation outcomes. In this review, we discuss a broad range of clinical approaches that warrant attention to provide comprehensive and patient‐centred medical care to liver transplant recipients, and to be prepared to confront the rapidly changing clinical challenges and ensuing dilemmas. Adipose tissue is a complex and metabolically active organ. Visceral fat deposition is a key predictor of overall obesity‐related morbidity and mortality. Limited pharmacological options are available for the treatment of obesity in the liver transplant population. Bariatric surgery may be an alternative in eligible patients. The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global concern; NAFLD affects both pre‐ and posttransplantation outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of NAFLD and some of these have shown promising results. Liver transplant recipients are constantly exposed to numerous factors that result in intestinal microbiota alterations, which were linked to the development of obesity, diabetes type 2, metabolic syndrome (MS), NAFLD, and hepatocellular cancer. Microbiota modifications with probiotics and prebiotics bring gratifying results in the management of metabolic complications. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is successfully performed in many medical indications. However, the safety and efficacy profiles of FMT in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Obesity together with immunosuppressive treatment, may affect the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of coadministered medications. Individualized immunosuppressive regimens are recommended following liver transplantation to address possible metabolic concerns. Effective and comprehensive management of metabolic complications is shown to yield multiple beneficial results in the liver transplant population and may bring gratifying results in improving long‐term survival rates.