bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a robot base production using CAM programming for the FANUC control system
Authors: Michalik Peter , Fabianova Jana , Hrabovsky Leopold , Maslarić Marinko , Straka Luboslav , Macej Jozef 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The subject of the article is the research of the production of a robot base using CAM programming, Autodesk Inventor HSM software, followed by the generation of G code – NC program. The research specifically examined the accuracy of measurement and evaluation of roundness with coaxiality on a 3D measuring device Thome. The surface roughness of the circular holes was measured using a Mitutoyo SJ 400 roughness meter. The maximum deviation of the roundness of the diameter D56H7 measured was 0.011 mm, and the diameter D72H7 measured was 0.013 mm. The coaxiality deviation of the diameters D56H7 and D72H7 measured was 0.017 mm.
The Evolution of the Physical Work Capacity at the Fatigue Threshold Test: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Feldpausch Jennie E. , Blok Amanda L. , Frederick Emily L. , Coburn Jared W. , Malek Moh H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Feldpausch, JE, Blok, AL, Frederick, EL, Coburn, JW, and Malek, MH. The evolution of the physical work capacity at the fatigue threshold test: past, present, and future. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3529–3536, 2021—The assessment of neuromuscular fatigue using surface electromyography has evolved over the past 40 years while maintaining some of the original key features. In this mini–review article, the goal will be to briefly present a history and systems of the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT). In addition, we will discuss studies that have investigated the effect of different interventions such as supplementation, exercise, and cognitive fatigue to examine what stimuli influence the PWCFT. The latter section of this mini-review will discuss future studies that may provide additional information related to the underlying physiological mechanism(s) that influences the PWCFT. We will conclude with the practical application of PWCFT in health and sports settings.
Sling Exercise in the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Drummond Christian , Lebedeva Valeriya , Kirker Kaitlin , Masaracchio Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Drummond, C, Lebedeva, V, Kirker, K, and Masaracchio, M. Sling exercise in the management of chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1822–1833, 2024—The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of sling exercise therapy (SET) in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP). Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials or prospective cohort studies published in the English language that assessed SET on measures of pain, disability, or muscle attributes in chronic LBP. The search identified 1,204 studies, with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The average score was 7.3 on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Criteria. Meta-analysis comparing SET with general exercise revealed a nonsignificant effect for pain (mean difference [MD] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.58, 0.87). Meta-analysis comparing SET with motor control training/lumbar stabilization revealed a significant effect favoring SET for pain (MD −4.13; 95% CI: −7.82 to −0.45) and disability (MD −3.19; 95% CI: −4.63 to −1.76). Meta-analysis comparing SET with no treatment revealed a significant effect favoring SET for pain (MD −1.05; 95% CI: −2.82 to −0.71). Meta-analysis comparing SET plus modalities with modalities revealed a significant effect favoring the SET plus modalities group for pain (MD −1.19; 95% CI: −1.48 to −0.89) and a nonsignificant effect for disability (MD −6.67; 95% CI: −17.25 to 3.92). Sling exercise therapy was more effective than all comparisons for various muscle attributes. The overall level of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Sling exercise therapy is effective in reducing pain, disability, and improving core muscle activation, strength, thickness, and onset in patients with chronic LBP. Because SET demonstrated comparable outcomes with common active interventions, it provides an opportunity to implement pain-free exercises based on the patient's initial functional level early in the plan of care.
Identification of Trigeminal Sensory Neuronal Types Innervating Masseter Muscle
Authors: Lindquist Karen A. , Belugin Sergei , Hovhannisyan Anahit H. , Corey Tatiana M. , Salmon Adam , Akopian Armen N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding masseter muscle (MM) innervation is critical for the study of cell-specific mechanisms of pain induced by temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) or after facial surgery. Here, we identified trigeminal (TG) sensory neuronal subtypes (MM TG neurons) innervating MM fibers, masseteric fascia, tendons, and adjusted tissues. A combination of patch clamp electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on TG neurons back-traced from reporter mouse MM found nine distinct subtypes of MM TG neurons. Of these neurons, 24% belonged to non-peptidergic IB-4+/TRPA1–or IB-4+/TRPA1+groups, while two TRPV1+small-sized neuronal groups were classified as peptidergic/CGRP+. One small-sized CGRP+neuronal group had a unique electrophysiological profile and were recorded from Nav1.8–or trkC+neurons. The remaining CGRP+neurons were medium-sized, could be divided into Nav1.8–/trkC–and Nav1.8low/trkC+clusters, and showed large 5HT-induced current. The final two MM TG neuronal groups were trkC+and had no Nav1.8 and CGRP. Among MM TG neurons, TRPV1+/CGRP–(somatostatin+), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+(C-LTMR), TRPM8+, MrgprA3+, or trkB+(Aδ-LTMR) subtypes have not been detected. Masseteric muscle fibers, tendons and masseteric fascia in mice and the common marmoset, a new world monkey, were exclusively innervated by either CGRP+/NFH+or CGRP–/NFH+medium-to-large neurons, which we found using a Nav1.8-YFP reporter, and labeling with CGRP, TRPV1, neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) and pgp9.5 antibodies. These nerves were mainly distributed in tendon and at junctions of deep-middle-superficial parts of MM. Overall, the data presented here demonstrates that MM is innervated by a distinct subset of TG neurons, which have unique characteristics and innervation patterns.
POLYAMIDAMINEPICHLOROHYDRIN APPLICATION FOR ECO-SAFE WATERFAST AND WATERPROOF FOOD PACKAGING PAPER PRODUCTION
Authors: Osyka V. , Merezhko N. , Koptjukh L. , Komakha V. , Kniaz S. 
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the research results on the properties of the pulp coniferous and deciduous wood composition in its original state and paper made from it, proposes a mechanism to increase the waterfast and waterproof food packaging paper by surface treatment with a composition based on polyamidepichlorohydrin with polyvinyl alcohol and urea. The study was conducted in order to ensure an increase in the consumer properties of packaging paper, since when packaging materials encounter food products, their structure can change under the influence of moisture, steam, and gas. Polyamidaminepichlorohydrin was used as the main component of the composition for paper processing, as functional additives: polyvinyl alcohol and urea. The above-mentioned starting materials are environmentally friendly, since foreign inclusions in food packaging materials would pose a serious danger to human health and life, as well as to the brand image of the product in which they would be detected. It was proved that high waterfastness and waterproofness, as well as the necessary level of barrier, protective and operational properties of packaging material for food products cannot always be obtained by introducing a significant amount of polyamidaminepichlorohydrin, so the paper investigated the mechanism of interacting cellulose fibers of paper with polyamidaminepichlorohydrin, and also proved the possibility of its use to obtain packaging paper with a given set of properties. It was found that the consumption of up to 4–6% polyamidaminepichlorohydrin provides the main increase in the mechanical strength of packaging paper, both in wet and dry conditions. The resulting waterfast and waterproof material can be used for food packaging.
Guerra privatizada, capitalismo lumpen y racismo en la frontera Ecuador-Colombia
Authors: Figueroa Pérez Jose Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la privatización de la guerra de Colombia en la frontera binacional con Ecuador y su relación con la desposesión de la población afrodescendiente. Se muestra cómo la guerra responde cada vez más a los intereses de las transnacionales armamentistas y a los crecientes ejércitos privados. A partir de la respuesta del Estado colombiano a las demandas de la población afrodescendiente en el contexto de la privatización de la guerra, se muestra cómo el discurso culturalista que se impuso desde los años 90 ha servido para afianzar la exclusión y la desposesión que sufren los afrodescendientes.
Abstract
This article analyzes the impact of the privatization of the Colombian war in the Ecuador-Colombia border and how this privatized war is related to the dispossession of the Afro-descendant population. Through the analysis of Plan Colombia and the appearance of private armies in the Colombian war, the article shows how the war responds to the interests of the transnational arms businesses. The responses that the Colombian state has given to the demands of the Afro-descendant population of the Nariño coast reveal how the culturalist discourse that has been imposed since the 1990s has served to consolidate the exclusion and dispossession produced by the privatized war.
Brain circuity: The case of South Africa as a hub for doctoral education
Authors: Van Schalkwyk François B. , Van Lill Milandré H. , Cloete Nico 
Published: September 2021

The production and reproduction of knowledge are important components of national development. As student mobility increases, globally and within Africa, so does the national diversity of students as they seek to further their postgraduate studies at the limited number of research universities in Africa. Knowledge migration is inevitably a relationship between nation states because migration is driven by push factors (such as the socio-economic conditions and opportunities) in the country of origin as well as by pull factors (such as the rules and incentives for entry, participation in postgraduate education and post-study residency), which are prerogatives of the host nation. In other words, migration and development must be understood in comparative terms. The brain drain perspective on migration and development takes mainly the perspective of the origin country into consideration. Migration and the loss of high-level skills are seen as detrimental to the development prospects of the country of origin. The brain circulation perspective moves the discussion forward by suggesting that there are residual returns to the country of origin. However, relatively little attention has been given to the impact of knowledge migrants on the host nation when the host is facing its own post-colonial development challenges. This is the dilemma facing South Africa as a hub for doctoral students from the rest of Africa: attracting top doctoral students from the rest of the continent to contribute to the country’s knowledge capacity but at the expense of developing local talent, thereby setting up a complex tension between underdevelopment and development. Here we establish whether South Africa is maintaining its position as a PhD hub on the African continent and explore the extent to which the brain circulation argument holds up in the African context. We suggest that, given the current policy environment in South Africa, brain circuity is a more likely outcome, where brain circuity describes the flow of knowledge characterised by indirection and undesirable intricacy.Significance:

In the case of South Africa as a destination for doctoral students from the rest of Africa, neither the brain drain nor the brain circulation theories of student mobility hold; rather, students are confronted with an overly complex set of conditions resulting in brain circuity.
Despite the continued attractiveness of South Africa as a destination for doctoral students, the tension between equity and development remains unresolved at the policy level, potentially undermining the circulation of knowledge for the benefit of all African countries.
Relationship between human capital investment and employees’ work efficiency in ATAP branch
Authors: Bello Hashim Sabo , Ibrahim Muhammed Kabir 
Published: September 2021

It is an established fact that no nation or organisation develops beyond the intellectual ability of its human resources. Therefore, investment on human capital is paramount to sustain labour force participation of higher education in Nigeria. This study aimed at evaluating the relevance of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) intervention on human capital investments and its bearing on employees’ work efficiency in the polytechnic communities in Bauchi state. This study generates data from quantitative and qualitative sources, using the questionnaire as an instrument to randomly collect cross-sectional data from one of the two existing polytechnics in Bauchi state of Nigeria. A total of 45 structured questionnaires were administered on our respondents and 44 were valid for analysis. The research shows there is a significant relationship between TETFund intervention in human capital investment and employees’ work efficiency within educational polytechnic system in Nigeria. This research study recommends that educational institutions should harness and take full advantage of the reciprocal benefits of human capital investments.

Keywords: Human capital, relevance, polytechnic, TETFund, work efficiency.
What is the optimal tax treatment that motivates donor corporations to make more monetary and in-kind donations to their communities?
Authors: Saleh Younis A. Battal 
Published: September 2021

This aim of this study is to find out the optimal tax treatment that motivates donor corporations to make more monetary and in-kind donations to their communities with minimal damage to the interests of all the parties involved and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) idea. Economic impact, legal imbalances and the extent of closeness to or distance from the content of the idea of CSR are tax treatment methods used for corporate monetary and in-kind donations and to determine their advantages and disadvantages according to certain criteria to choose the optimal tax treatment method. According to the findings, the study adopts the method of government’s rights and corporation’s rights ‘donations as if they are loans’ by legislative bodies in all countries of the world due to the abundance of its advantages. This study has drawn up a draft law for this method, which could be used as a guide by the legislative bodies, if a decision is made to adopt this method.

Keywords: Tax treatment, tax incentives, advantages, disadvantages, legal imbalances, economic impacts.
Keep Your ESPs Running: Case Studies Exhibiting a Holistic Methodology for Run-Life Improvement
Authors: Camilleri Lawrence , Watson Arthur , Liu Yan , El-Gindy Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Build a more robust ESP or reduce the stress it endures? Run-life improvement requires finding the right balance to suit the local well conditions and economics. Utilizing key case studies, the paper examines how operational stress caused by low flow rates can be avoided with the correct utilization of instrumentation, surveillance, and automation thereby providing practical solutions for extending the run life of already installed ESPs. The method starts with an extensive review of ESP failure mechanisms and their causes, supported by case studies and pictures illustrating the symptoms that can be observed during dismantling. This holistic technique is supported by several case studies. The common "thread" found on most failure mechanisms is temperature rise inside the ESP, which deteriorates properties of materials, including polymer insulation, elastomer seals, and metallic parts. Heat rise is attributed to three main causes: motor thermal losses, pump hydraulic losses, and frictional heat. Case studies and data sets are provided to confirm that a paradigm shift in mitigation improvement can be achieved by automating the identification of low flow events utilizing a downhole real-time flowmeter. Three reasons are given. Firstly, it is a leading indicator, whereas surface flow meters and temperature sensors are lagging indicators due to pump-up time and heat exchange respectively. Secondly, automation enables more consistent and cost-effective identification in large ESP populations. Thirdly, it enables deeper diagnostics of the cause of low flow (i.e., gas lock versus slugging, and even the source of slugging such as horizontal lateral versus production tubing). The authors provide an exhaustive list of case studies identifying sand fallback and scale as well as low flow causes and how they can be diagnosed, including differentiation between ESP, wellbore hydraulics, and reservoir inflow causes (e.g. depletion and skin.)
Over the last 30 years, improvements in design and materials have tripled ESP run lives. Therefore, many fields attain six-year average run lives and 90-day survivability of 98%. Nevertheless, economics have tightened, which has raised the bar, and therefore, many operators still suffer uneconomical run lives. Case studies indicate that the next step-change in run life improvement will require a reduction in environmental stresses by mitigating the effect of low-flow events, scale, and sand.
BC10 Field Mudline Pump Operation Case Study: A Deepwater, Long Tie Back, High GVF and High Viscosity Application
Authors: Debacker Igor Vieira , Liney David , Palacios Mariana Ferreira , Fletcher Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Parque das Conchas (BC10) block offshore southern Brazil's Campos Basin has fields with challenging subsea well conditions (high viscosity and high gas content). The fields require subsea boosting to lift the production to the FPSO facility. The field development was conceived with ten Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) installed in dummy wells in three different subsea artificial lift manifolds (ALM) in water depths around 2000m.
In 2018, the first Mudline Pump (MLP) was installed in the BC10 field. The MLP was conceived to be fully compatible with the existing infrastructure and replaced one of the existing seabed Module of Boost (MOBOs) in the Argonauta O-North field.
Argonauta O-North has heavy crude oil and forms tight water-in-oil emulsion. Another challenge in this field is frequent flow instability causing abrupt variations of the Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) at the ALM inlet.
The MLP was commissioned and started up in November of 2018. The initial weeks of operation were marked by frequent trips caused mainly by a non-optimized controller combined with excessive flow transients generated in the flowlines and risers, and lack of understanding of the interaction between the pump and the seafloor flowline, manifold system and production riser.
The main results of the work performed in the first year of MLP operation were to significantly reduce the number of trips, and to optimize MLP oil production.
Qualification and Deployment of the Highest Power ESP in the World
Authors: Rojas Marisela , Merlino Andrew , Liney David , Obst Lawrence , Kotteman Matthew , Horton Andrew , Rivera Robert , Herriman Samuel , King Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the qualification process of the highest power ESP ever installed into a hydrocarbon production system for artificial lift. The unit was selected and configured to interface with the existing deepwater offshore inflow and outflow systems without changes to the completion string or riser. The overall objective was to maximize the production capacity in terms of lift and flow rate given topsides power supply and running diameter constraints.
The initial requirement was to identify a suitable supplier that could provide a hardware solution with a high technical readiness level. The team first reviewed the hydraulic performance of the existing production systems and modeled the potential for improvement with the new equipment configuration given an expected efficiency and power factor for the proposed motor. The ESP equipment was configured with components that had multiple qualification and validation testing requirements. The motor and associated high voltage connector were key differences from the existing systems. The pump design was modified to accommodate projected operating ranges including additional stages for the necessary head requirements. The new subcomponents were subjected to application specific testing to qualify the designs for operating conditions with multiple technical assurance reviews conducted by the end user and supplier company technical discipline authorities. Full scale flow testing at a dedicated facility (Gasmer) for Caisson gas/liquid separator ESP systems, and component installation stackup tests for fit and interfaces were completed to validate the performance in multiphase flow and identify hardware changes needed for the completion design and the intervention procedures.
The qualification program was completed successfully, and a unit was deployed without incident, into a deepwater mudline caisson that has since been operated for live hydrocarbon production. The performance has met expectations and the unit efficiency and demonstrated capacity will allow for increased production. The use of a detailed qualification program that includes focused testing for individual system components and validation through full scale system integration testing ensures flawless deployment of technology improvements for critical well applications.
The system is the highest power ESP for hydrocarbon production. It includes a novel completion design to accommodate the effective running diameter for the motor. The use of a unique shroud design to stay within running diameter constraints allowed for minor modifications to the completion string design without system changes to the riser or caisson. This was both cost effective and reduced the time needed for development and manufacturing.