bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yttrium-90 TOF-PET-Based EUD Predicts Response Post Liver Radioembolizations Using Recommended Manufacturer FDG Reconstruction Parameters
Authors: Hesse Michel , d’Abadie Philipe , Lhommel Renaud , Jamar Francois , Walrand Stephan 
Published: October 2021

PurposeExplaining why 90Y TOF-PET based equivalent uniform dose (EUD) using recommended manufacturer FDG reconstruction parameters has been shown to predict response.MethodsThe hot rods insert of a Jaszczak deluxe phantom was partially filled with a 2.65 GBq 90Y - 300ml DTPA water solution resulting in a 100 Gy mean absorbed dose in the 6 sectors. A two bed 20min/position acquisition was performed on a 550ps- and on a 320ps- TOF-PET/CT and reconstructed with recommended manufacturer FDG reconstruction parameters, without and with additional filtering. The whole procedure was repeated on both PET after adding 300ml of water (50Gy setup). The phantom was acquired again after decay by a factor of 10 (5Gy setup), but with 200min per bed position. For comparison, the phantom was also acquired with 18F activity corresponding to a clinical FDG whole body acquisition.ResultsThe 100Gy-setup provided a hot rod sectors image almost as good as the 18F phantom. However, despite acquisition time compensation, the 5Gy-setup provides much lower quality imaging. TOF-PET based sectors EUDs for the three large rod sectors agreed with the actual EUDs computed with a radiosensitivity of 0.021Gy-1 well in the range observed in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), i.e. 0.01-0.04Gy-1. This agreement explains the reunification of the dose-response relationships of the glass and resin spheres in HCC using the TOF-PET based EUD. Additional filtering reduced the EUDs agreement quality.ConclusionsRecommended manufacturer FDG reconstruction parameters are suitable in TOF-PET post 90Y liver radioembolization for accurate tumour EUD computation. The present results rule out the use of low specific activity phantom studies to optimize reconstruction parameters.
Blood–Brain Barrier Repair of Bevacizumab and Corticosteroid as Prediction of Clinical Improvement and Relapse Risk in Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Xue Ruiqi , Chen Meiwei , Cai Jinhua , Deng Zhenhong , Pan Dong , Liu Xiaohuan , Li Yi , Rong Xiaoming , Li Honghong , Xu Yongteng , Shen Qingyu , Tang Yamei 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after endothelial damage is a crucial part of radiation-induced brain necrosis (RN), but little is known of BBB disruption quantification and its role in the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis for drug treatment. In this retrospective study, BBB repair by bevacizumab and corticosteroid and the correlation between BBB permeability and treatment response and relapse were evaluated by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).MethodsForty-one patients with RN after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (28 treated with bevacizumab and 13 with corticosteroid), 12 patients with no RN after NPC radiotherapy, and 12 patients with no radiotherapy history were included as RN, non-RN, and normal groups, respectively. DCE-MRI assessed BBB permeability in white matter of bilateral temporal lobe. DCE parameters were compared at baseline among the three groups. DCE parameters after treatment were compared and correlated with RN volume decrease, neurological improvement, and relapse.ResultsThe extent of BBB leakage at baseline increased from the normal group and non-RN group and to RN necrosis lesions, especially Ktrans (Kruskal–Wallis test, P &lt; 0.001). In the RN group, bevacizumab-induced Ktrans and ve decrease in radiation necrosis lesions (both P &lt; 0.001), while corticosteroid showed no obvious effect on BBB. The treatment response rate of bevacizumab was significantly higher than that of corticosteroid [30/34 (88.2%) vs. 10/22 (45.4%), P &lt; 0.001]. Spearman analysis showed baseline Ktrans, Kep, and vp positively correlated with RN volume decrease and improvement of cognition and quality of life in bevacizumab treatment. After a 6-month follow-up for treatment response cases, the relapse rate of bevacizumab and corticosteroid was 10/30 (33.3%) and 2/9 (22.2%), respectively, with no statistical difference. Post-bevacizumab Ktrans level predicted relapse in 6 months with AUC 0.745 (P &lt; 0.05, 95% CI 0.546–0.943, sensitivity = 0.800, specificity = 0.631).ConclusionsBevacizumab improved BBB leakage in RN necrosis. DCE parameters may be useful to predict therapeutic effect and relapse after bevacizumab.
Long-Term Response to Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Nab-Paclitaxel Followed by Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Qing , Zhang Wenjie , Zhu Qing 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common and devastating tumor type of biliary tract cancer (BTC) with poor outcomes. A new combined regimen of gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus nab-paclitaxel is currently considered an effective option for patients with advanced BTC following the results of a phase II trial. In addition, maintenance therapy after first-line treatment has been shown to improve disease control rate of various solid tumors but has not been evaluated for GBC patients. The scenario we report herein is of a metastatic GBC patient treated with the triple-drug regimen followed by maintenance therapy with capecitabine or S-1, who achieved a long-term survival benefit.Case PresentationA 68-year-old man was diagnosed with gallbladder adenocarcinoma with liver, supra-diaphragmatic, and abdominal lymph node metastases (cT3N2M1, stage IVB). Partial response (PR) was achieved after five cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. A further three cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen yielded a complete response of all tumor lesions. Subsequent administration of maintenance therapy with capecitabine followed by S-1 achieved a disease-free survival of 15 months for the patient. Moreover, the patient remained responsive to this triple-drug regimen when the disease progressed, achieving PR after two cycles of chemotherapy. Overall, the treatment regimens were well tolerated with no grade 3 or higher adverse effects occurring. Notably, the serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) levels were closely related to the treatment response and increased before the lesions were found on PET-CT during follow-up.ConclusionOur findings suggested that adding nab-paclitaxel into gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen may result in a favorable efficacy in patients with advanced GBC. Further maintenance therapy with capecitabine or S-1 after first-line therapy appeared to be a reasonable option for these patients, and it is valuable to monitor CA199 levels during treatment and follow-up.
Dynamic 18F-FDopa PET Imaging for Newly Diagnosed Gliomas: Is a Semiquantitative Model Sufficient?
Authors: Zaragori Timothée , Doyen Matthieu , Rech Fabien , Blonski Marie , Taillandier Luc , Imbert Laëtitia , Verger Antoine 
Published: October 2021

PurposeDynamic amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) has become essential in neuro-oncology, most notably for its prognostic value in the noninvasive prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in newly diagnosed gliomas. The 6-[18F]fluoro-l-DOPA (18F-FDOPA) kinetic model has an underlying complexity, while previous studies have predominantly used a semiquantitative dynamic analysis. Our study addresses whether a semiquantitative analysis can capture all the relevant information contained in time–activity curves for predicting the presence of IDH mutations compared to the more sophisticated graphical and compartmental models.MethodsThirty-seven tumour time–activity curves from 18F-FDOPA PET dynamic acquisitions of newly diagnosed gliomas (median age = 58.3 years, range = 20.3–79.9 years, 16 women, 16 IDH-wild type) were analyzed with a semiquantitative model based on classical parameters, with (SQ) or without (Ref SQ) a reference region, or on parameters of a fit function (SQ Fit), a graphical Logan model with input function (Logan) or reference region (Ref Logan), and a two-tissue compartmental model previously reported for 18F-FDOPA PET imaging of gliomas (2TCM). The overall predictive performance of each model was assessed with an area under the curve (AUC) comparison using multivariate analysis of all the parameters included in the model. Moreover, each extracted parameter was assessed in a univariate analysis by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe SQ model with an AUC of 0.733 for predicting IDH mutations showed comparable performance to the other models with AUCs of 0.752, 0.814, 0.693, 0.786, and 0.863, respectively corresponding to SQ Fit, Ref SQ, Logan, Ref Logan, and 2TCM (p ≥ 0.10 for the pairwise comparisons with other models). In the univariate analysis, the SQ time-to-peak parameter had the best diagnostic performance (75.7% accuracy) compared to all other individual parameters considered.ConclusionsThe SQ model circumvents the complexities of the 18F-FDOPA kinetic model and yields similar performance in predicting IDH mutations when compared to the other models, most notably the compartmental model. Our study provides supportive evidence for the routine clinical application of the SQ model for the dynamic analysis of 18F-FDOPA PET images in newly diagnosed gliomas.
Physical Activity, Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness in Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dong Xiaosheng , Ding Lijie , Zhang Rui , Ding Meng , Wang Baozhen , Yi Xiangren 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between screen-based sedentary behavior, physical activity and physical fitness among Chinese adolescents.Methods: This study randomly selected adolescents from 10 administrative districts in Shandong, China. The data gathering tools for demographic and other characteristics (gender, age, body mass index and socioeconomic status), PA (PAQ-A) and screen-based sedentary behavior (YRBSS) and physical fitness (NSPFH 2014) were utilized in this study. Statistical analysis was performed by T-test, chi-square test and multiple linear regression.Results: 10,002 adolescents (14.39 years ± 1.79) participated in the study. The results demonstrated that BMI and high TV viewing time had a significant negative correlation with physical fitness, but there was no association between the amount of time spent playing computer/video games and physical fitness among adolescents. High SES and physical activity in leisure time five or more times per week were significantly associated with most dimensions of physical fitness.Conclusions: the results suggest that we not only need to focus on adolescent risk behavior associated with low socioeconomic status and obesity, but also enforce physical activity and reduce sedentary television-watching behavior, which will be crucial pathways and strategies to improve the physical fitness of Chinese adolescents.
Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous and Oral Semaglutide Administration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhong Ping , Zeng Hai , Huang Miaochun , He Guoxin , Chen Zhixia 
Published: October 2021

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to combine the data available from clinical trials to assess the effects of subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration on glycemic control, weight management, and safety outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: We systematically searched for phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared semaglutide with placebo or other anti-diabetic drugs in T2D patients. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the change from baseline in body weight, achievement of HbA1c targets, and clinically significant weight loss. Key safety outcomes were also assessed.Results: In this meta-analysis, 24 trials with a total of 22185 patients were included. Subcutaneous semaglutide administration reduced HbA1c levels (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.14% and −1.37%, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) and body weight (WMD: −2.73 kg and −4.09 kg, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) when compared with placebo; its efficacy was also superior to other anti-diabetic drugs in reducing HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.71% and −0.86%, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively) and body weight (WMD: −2.65 kg and −3.78 kg, for 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively). Oral semaglutide administration was superior to placebo in decreasing HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.96% and −1.02%, for 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively). Moreover, oral administration of 14 mg of semaglutide also showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (WMD: −0.36%) compared with other anti-diabetic drugs. Furthermore, oral semaglutide administration resulted in substantial weight loss compared with other anti-diabetic drugs (WMD: −1.53 kg and −1.73 kg, for 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively). Notably, subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration also resulted in higher numbers of patients achieving the targets of HbA1c levels and weight loss than placebo and other anti-diabetic drugs. Overall, we noted no clear evidence of detrimental effects on safety endpoints due to semaglutide treatment, except for some gastrointestinal adverse events.Conclusion: Both subcutaneous and oral semaglutide administration could enable the achievement of sufficient glycemic control and weight management without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, which were effective and safe for the treatment of T2D.
Social Support, Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Among Older Adults in the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Czaja Sara J. , Moxley Jerad H. , Rogers Wendy A. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Social isolation and loneliness are serious public health issues given the association with negative physical, mental; and cognitive health outcomes and increased risk for mortality. Due to changes in life circumstances many aging adults are socially isolated and experience loneliness. We examined the relationships among four correlated but distinct constructs: social network size, social support, social isolation, and loneliness as they relate to indices of health and wellbeing among diverse subpopulations of older adults. Guided by WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) we also examined factors that predict loneliness and social isolation.Methods: Analyses of baseline data from sample of older adults who participated in an intervention trial that examined the beneficial effects of a software system designed to support access to resources and information, and social connectivity. Participants included 300 individuals aged 65–98, who lived alone, were primarily of lower socio-economic status and ethnically diverse. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, self-report measures of health, depression, social network size, social support, and loneliness.Results: Loneliness was strongly associated with depression and self-ratings of health. In turn, greater social isolation and less social support were associated with greater loneliness. Social isolation was associated with depression and lower self-ratings of health. The association between social isolation and health was mediated by loneliness. Individuals in the older cohorts (80+) reported less social support. With respect to loneliness, having a smaller social network, more functional limitations, and limitations in engaging meaningful activities was associated with higher levels of loneliness and greater social isolation.Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of social connectively to wellbeing for older adults and suggest that those in the older cohorts, who have a small social network, and with greater physical and functional impairments may be particularly vulnerable to being socially isolated and lonely. The findings provide guidance for future interventions. In this regard, we discuss how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) may be used to promote social connectivity and engagement. Strategies to make the usability and availability of these applications for aging adults are highlighted.
A Multiethnic Asian Perspective of Presumed Consent for Organ Donation: A Population-Based Perception Study
Authors: Muthiah Mark D. , Chua Melissa Sin Hui , Griva Konstadina , Low Ivan , Lim Wen Hui , Ng Cheng Han , Hwang Jeff Y. F. , Yap Jason C. H. , Iyer Shridhar G. , Bonney Glenn K. , Anantharaman Vathsala , Huang Daniel Q. , Tan Eunice Xiang-Xuan , Lee Guan-Huei , Kow Alfred W. C. , Tai Bee Choo 
Published: October 2021

Background:Organ shortage is still a world-wide problem, resulting in long waiting lists for kidney, liver, and heart transplant candidates across many transplant centers globally. This has resulted in the move toward presumed consent to increase deceased organ donation rates. However, there remains a paucity of literature on public attitude and barriers regarding the opt-out system, with existing studies limited to Western nations. Therefore, this study aimed to understand public sentiment and different barriers toward organ donation from the perspective of Singapore, a highly diverse and multiethnic Asian society.Methods:A cross-sectional community semi-structured interview was conducted in a public housing estate in Singapore. Pilot test was undertaken before participants were interviewed face-to-face by trained personnel. All statistical evaluations were conducted using Stata. The χ2-test compared subgroups based on patient characteristics while multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of willingness to donate/ assent. Effect estimates were quantified using odds ratio (OR).Findings:Out of 799 individuals, 85% were agreeable to organ donation after death and 81% were willing to assent to donations of family members' organs, which declined by 16% (p&lt; 0.001) after a clinical scenario was presented. Demographic factors including ethnicity, education, marital, and employment status affected willingness to donate and assent. Knowledge correlated significantly with willingness to donate and assent. In particular, knowledge regarding brain death irreversibility had the strongest correlation (AOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.60–2.89).Conclusions:Organ donation rates remain low albeit presumed consent legislation, due to patient-level barriers, including but not limited to knowledge gaps, cultural values, religious backgrounds, and emotional impact at relatives' death. To effectively boost donor rates, it is crucial for policy makers to invest in public education and improve transplant provisions and family protocols.
Найкращі рівномірні наближення неперервних функцій узагальненими багаточленами.
Authors: Grinchenko L. 
Published: October 2021

В роботі запропоновано два способи наближеної побудови багаточленів найкращого наближення. Розроблено підхід, який дозволяє за допомогою скінченної кількості кроків побудувати багаточлен найкращого наближення до функції на множині, яка складається з скінченної кількості точок.
Методи оптимізації структури фотоелектричних перетворювачів на основі моно- і полікристалічного кремнію з фотолюмінісцентним покриттям.
Authors: Drozdiuk V. 
Published: October 2021

Проведено аналіз сучасних тенденцій у галузі застосування фотоелектричних перетворювачів при впровадженні концепції «Зеленої енергетики». Показано, що основним чинником низької ефективності фотоелектричних перетворювачів на основі підкладок полікристалічного та монокристалічного кремнію є невідповідність спектру поглинання напівпровідника і спектру сонячного випромінювання. Вказано на переваги технології нанесення на поверхню фотоелектричного перетворювача фотолюмінесцентного шару для переведення сонячного випромінювання у довгохвильову частину сонячного спектру завдяки явищу стоксового зсуву фотолюмінесценції. Запропоновано базовіпідходи по синтезу люмінофорів та нанесенню на поверхню кремнієвої підкладки мікрорельєфних структур. Побудовано математичну модельдля вирішення задачі оптимізації структури фотоелектричного перетворювача з фотолюмінесцентним покриттям.
Utószó
Authors: Imre Mihály 
Published: October 2021

Western European scholars have widely examined early modern Protestant martyrology since the nineteenth century. German, French, English and Dutch scholars have achieved significant results by applying the cross confessional study of martyrology, a field of research denying strict disciplinary boundaries. In the context of various research projects on cultural memory (Das kulturelle Gedächtnis), recent studies on early modern martyrology have explored how martyrs were used as “sites” of religious and national memory (Erinnerungsorte, les lieux de mémoire), and how these persons were provided as “loci” for ritualized and political modes of remembrance (Erinnerungspolitik, Erinnerungskonkurrenz). This process of commemoration and oblivion also implies the fictionalization of the historical tradition, developed a Protestant culture of martyrs, and eventually created a special narrative of martyrdom. A few research projects have already started to systematically explore the construction of early modern martyrology as a mixture of different religious and national identities, with special attention to the anthropological aspects of the experience of suffering (Leidenserfahrung). The representations of early modern martyrs in several genres, stylistic registers and texts can help us to explore the reasons of their different roles in religious, national, and cultural memory.
Protestant martyrology was rejected by the members of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This phenomenon was interpreted from a confessional perspective by Petrus Canisius, Laurentius Surius and by other Catholic authors. As a result of the persecution of Hungarian Protestants in the 1670s, several texts were written and published not only in Hungarian, but also in Latin, German, English, Dutch and French. While Hungarian researchers have not focused on early modern Protestant martyrology yet, the present volume tries to facilitate a deeper understanding of martyrdom as a cross confessional and cross-cultural phenomenon, as well as encourage further study.
„Nem ugy vagyone dolgunk mint a’ Sidoknak?”
Authors: Gábor Csilla 
Published: October 2021

The study focuses on the analysis of some texts in two manuscript volumes of preachings written by the Jesuit Márton Káldi in the first half of the 17th century. One volume is kept in the University Library Budapest, the other one in the Batthyaneum Library Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Romania). The texts contain a series of reflections connected to the the tragical contemporary events in the country (Hungary and Transylvania) compared to its glorious historical past, and this woeful historical situation is being explained with the sins committed by the members of the nation, being thus interpreted as a judgement on the sinful community. The reflections concerning the history and the recent past of the nation are based on a parallel drawn with the fate of the Jewish nation as it is indicated in the Bible.
According to this parallel, the Hungarian nation is presented as God’s chosen people, which, just like the Jews, became ungrateful and errant; and their sins enumerated in this national self-critique are identified as heresy (i.e. the different branches of Protestantism, including wounds of denominational nature) and moral decay.