bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Hypertyrosinemia and Folic Acid
Authors: PARTINGTON M. W. 
Published: December 2021

Recently Dr. Mathews and I published a small study in Pediatrics showing that a 10 mg daily dose of folic acid by mouth did not prevent neonatal hypertyrosinemia in premature babies. This was somewhat surprising in the light of previous observations. One possible explanation of our findings was a failure of absorption of folic acid from the gut and, at that time, we had no information on this point.
Since then, through the courtesy of Dr. C. P. Gendron of Cyanamid of Canada and Dr. H. D. Piersma of Lederle Laboratories, we have obtained some estimates of the folic acid content of the urine of some of the babies we studied (Table I).
Das Sogenannte Medulloblastom
Authors: VAWTER GORDON F. 
Published: December 2021

In the 40 years since Bailey and Cushing coined the term medulloblastoma, so many difficulties have centered around the localization of the tumor, the tendency to meningeal involvement and spread, the absolute morphologic identification of the constituent cells, and particularly the possible primary or secondary nature of the frequently prominent mesenchymal and vascular components of this tumor that a subgroup has actually been recognized and been termed mesoblastic medulloblastoma.
Doctor Gullotta wished to break completely with the notion of pure neuroectodermal origin of medulloblastoma and prefers to view the tumor as a mixed embryonal tumor or mesodermal embryonal tumor with multiple potentials for differentiation in a manner which has many parallels with Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma of the kidney.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN—A SURGEON'S VIEWPOINT
Authors: Marshall Donald G. 
Published: December 2021

MUCH has been written in recent years about the importance of psychogenic disturbances as causes of abdominal pain in childhood. Yet, by no means all recurrent abdominal pain is so caused. A recent article in Pediatrics on nonorganic abdominal pain therefore promised this subsequent paper on pain of organic origin.
I would like to caution the reader that his "surgeon's viewpoint" tends to exclude consideration of organic abdominal pain not surgically treated. Perhaps a third paper is indicated.
Abdominal pain of whatever origin requires a planned approach to diagnosis. While it is only too easy for the clinician to submit a patient to innumerable investigations of varying degrees of unlikelihood of revealing disorders of differing degrees of rarity, a detailed history and searching interview with the parents, together with a complete physical examination, will go very far to reduce the number of cases submitted to any but quite simple tests.
The diagnosis of psychogenic pain, no less than that of organic pain, must rest on positive findings. To make a diagnosis of psychogenic pain, there must be something more than the absence of demonstrable organic disease. There must be significant psychopathology. If there is evidence of neither this nor organic disease, one must resolve to be irresolute and decide to be undecided. One must not make a diagnosis of psychic disease simply because one can find no organic cause.
One must also remember that psychic disturbance does not confer immunity from organic disease. A neurotic, psychotic, or brain-damaged child can have appendicitis.
EMERGENCE OF BACTERIURIA, PROTEINURIA, AND SYMPTOMATIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG A POPULATION OF SCHOOL GIRLS FOLLOWED FOR 7 YEARS
Authors: Kunin Calvin M. 
Published: December 2021

A prospective study is presented of emergence of bacteriuria and proteinuria in a large population of girls who were studied on six occasions over a period of 7 years after entering school. Data were also collected on the frequency and age of onset of overt urinary tract infections, treated as such, by physicians in the community. The cumulative rate of bacteriuria over the first 7 years of school was 2.9%, with an annual mean conversion rate of 0.32% per year. The prevalence of bacteriuria was not significantly different in white and Negro girls, but overt episodes of urinary tract infection were rare in Negro girls. The emergence of bacteriuria and overt infection appear to be linear with time up to age 12 to 15 years, as though girls were at equal risk during the entire observation period. Further prospective study of this population should establish whether the projected rate of 5% of detectable bacteriuria can be demonstrated by the time that these girls are graduated from high school.
Proteinuria in childhood was not related to bacteriuria and, even though much more common (cumulatively 12.9%), was usually sporadic and frequently limited to one or two observed episodes.
In view of the high frequency of bacteriuria in school girls and its tendency to recur, it is probable that infection acquired at this time in life may well serve as a reservoir for overt disease encountered in adult women.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Wishik Samuel M. 
Published: December 2021

Recalling his excellent commentary "Should our Children Pay for the Cigarette Commercials?" (Pediatrics 31:535, 1963), we asked Dr. Samuel Wishik to comment. He writes as follows:
It is important and laudable that the American Academy of Pediatrics joined others in a stand on the smoking problem. I am pleased that Dr. Staub's criticism of the Academy is in the direction of seeking a more aggressive position against smoking. I fully endorse the positive actions that he proposes, while I agree with those suggested by the Academy and the American Cancer Society.
Sedation in Epiglottitis
Authors: Mark Mortimer L. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Geraci's discussion of acute epiglottitis1 is a good one, as well as a reminder of the increased need of liason between the pediatric and anesthesiology departments.
Lost in his discussion, is the very controversial use of rectal thiopental in children with airway problems. The hand of the phsician is no longer on the throttle when using these drugs rectally. Duration of action, absorption, and the potential of delayed sequellae (larynglospasm ) are open to doubt and hazard.
DOCTOR HUGH SMITH URGES MOTHERS TO NURSE THEIR INFANTS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Probably no physician ever urged mothers to nurse their infants with more florid words than Dr. Hugh Smith. This quotation from Letters to Married Women on Nursing and the Management of Children,1 first published in 1772, is an excellent example of the ornate and overly romantic literary taste of that period:
Oh! that I could prevail upon my fair country-women to become still more lovely in the sight of men! Believe it not, when it is insinuated that your bosoms are less charming, for having a dear little cherub at your breast. I speak from the feelings of a man, and of one too who has an universal and generous love for the virtuous part of your sex. Trust me, there is no husband could withstand the fond solicitations of an endearing wife, would she be earnest in her desire of bringing up her own children. Rest assured, when he beholds the object of his soul cherishing and supporting in her arms the propitious reward of wedlock, and fondly traces his own lineaments in the darling boy, it recalls a thousand delicate sensations to a generous mind: perhaps he drops a sympathetic tear in recollecting the painful throes of the mother, which she cheerfully bore, to make him such an inestimable present. His love, tenderness, and gratitude, being thus engaged–with what raptures must he behold her, still carefully intent upon the preservation of his own image!
How ardent forever such as one's affections might be before matrimnony, a scene like this will more firmly rivet the pleasing fetters of love:–for, though a beautiful virgin must ever kindle emotions in a man of sensibility, a chaste and tender wife, with a little one at her breast, is certainly, to her husband, the most exquisitely enchanting object upon earth:–and surely, ladies, had fashion but established this laudable custom amongst you, it would prove so truly amiable, as not only to excite the emulation of your maiden friends to worthy conquests, but also raise their ambition to shine in characters thus dignified.
POSTERIOR MITRAL REGURGITATION IN GIRLS POSSIBLY DUE TO POSTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Sreenivasan V. V. , Liebman Jerome , Linton Donald S. , Downs Thomas D. 
Published: December 2021

Nine girls are presented with variable late systolic murmurs (usually best heard sitting up); five of the nine had mid systolic clicks, minimal to mild mitral regurgitation, and striking variable primary electrocardiographic T wave abnormalities. Data from a tenth girl, who has not yet had cardiac catheterization, with similar clinical features are included. The functional anatomy of the mitral valve and some of the factors that give rise to such a picture are discussed. A detailed cineangiographic analysis of the mitral regurgitation is made with stress on the role of the posterior leaflet and posterior papillary muscle. A quantitative angular analysis of the T waves is made. The vectorcardiogram's superiority to the standard electrogram is made clear in this regard.
We believe that this syndrome is caused by posterior papillary muscle dysfunction, though the etiology, including the reason why only girls should be affected, is not known. The prognosis is believed to be good.
PENICILLIN ANTIBODIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rosh Melvin S. , Shinefield Henry R. 
Published: December 2021

Skin and circulating antibodies against penicillin were determined in 73 children with a positive history of penicillin allergy and 99 children with a negative history of penicillin allergy. Eight percent with positive histories had positive skin tests to benzylpenicillin and a degradation product of penicillin (penicilloyl-polylysine), and/or positive hemagglutination tests for circulating penicillin antibodies. One individual had detectable skin antibodies without circulating penicillin antibodies; and conversely, one patient with circulating antibodies did not have any evidence of skin antibodies. The absence of penicillin antibodies in 85% of those children with a rash following the administration of penicillin confirms the suspicion that physicians are over diagnosing penicillin hypersensitivity in children. With the use of an inhibitor of penicilloyl-polylysine (penicilloyl epsilon-aminocaproate), data is presented which suggests that all positive skin tests to penicilloyl-polylysine may not be due to an antibody-antigen reaction.
The authors recommend that any child who has suspected penicillin allergy should be tested for skin and circulating antibodies no less than 1 month and no more than 1 year following the untoward reaction. Observations suggest that a patient without penicillin antibodies may tolerate penicillin therapy with no adverse reaction. However, until further experience is obtained, penicillin should not be used indiscriminately in the absence of penicillin antibodies.
Water Intoxication
Authors: Moore Eddie S. , Edelmann Chester M. 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the article by Nickman, et al. on "Further Experiences with Water Intoxication," which appeared in Pediatrics (41: 149, 1968). We agree with the authors that both the children they report were suffering from water intoxication. However, the pathophysiology underlying the disturbance in these two infants deserves further comment.
In Case 1, it is apparent that there was not a maximal water diuresis, as evidenced by production of a urine with a specific gravity of 1.006 in the face of overhydration and severe hyponatremia.
A DISTINGUISHED ENGLISH AND AMERICAN PHYSICIAN ADVOCATE GUMLANCING FOR TEETHING INFANTS: JOHN DARWALL OF BIRMINGHAM IN 1830 AND JOHN LOVETT MORSE OF BOSTON IN 1908
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

So far as I know, no present day pediatric textbook recommends gum-lancing to relieve the symptoms caused by the cutting of the infant's teeth. But within the memory of many older practitioners, the value of this procedure was still supported by a number of the leading pediatricians of their day.
One of the most avid proponents of gumlancing was Dr. John Darwall of Birmingham, England, who wrote:
With respect to the gums, the moment they become red and inflamed they should be lanced, nor can any harm result from this practice, if the lancet be clean . . .
An objection has been made, and even by medical men, that should the gums heal over the teeth after they have been lanced, they become harder than they were at first, and consequently that the teeth will have more difficulty in protruding. Unprofessional persons might be excused for making such a remark and drawing such an inference, but in medical men it is utterly disgraceful.
Convulsions, inflammation of the eyes and many other diseases frequently accompany teething; it will be in vain to administer medicines until the gums have been lanced.1
Almost a century later the highly respected John Lovett Morse of Boston advocated gumlancing to relieve the infant's fever, which he considered to be a frequent accompaniment of teething. He cited the following personal experience:
A boy, 17 months old, began to be fussy and a little feverish the night of April 14. The next evening the temperature was 103°F., the next day 100°F. in the evening.
GENITAL INFECTION WITH HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS TYPES 1 AND 2 IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nahmias André J. , Dowdle Walter R. , Naib Zuher M. , Josey William E. , Luce Carolyn F. 
Published: December 2021

Five cases of genital infections with Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) in 7- to 12-year-old girls and one case in a 3-year-old boy have been observed over a 3-year period. HVH type 1 was isolated from the genital lesions and mouth in both the boy, who had no oral lesions, and in an 8-year-old girl with associated gingivostomatitis. The boy showed serological evidence of a type 1 HVH reinfection and the girl showed evidence of a primary type 1 infection. Laboratory studies on the other four girls confirmed a primary type 2 HVH infection.
On the basis of the virological, serological, and epidemiological information, it appears that genital infections with HVH in children can be either venereally or non-venereally transmitted. The physician should therefore use caution in his judgment as to the way in which a herpetic genital infection was acquired in his patient.
Administration of a Mixture of Fungal Glucosidases to a Patient with Type II Glycogenosis (Pompe's Disease)
Authors: Lauer Ronald M. , Mascarinas Thelma , Racela Antonio S. , Diehl Antoni M. , Brown Barbara Illingworth 
Published: December 2021

A case of Type II glycogenosis (Pompe's disease) has been studied by histochemical, electron microscopic, and biochemical techniques. These studies have been made prior to and after the intramuscular administration for 1 week of a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes containing both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucosidase activities.
Electron photomicrographs of the liver before enzyme administration showed glycogen to be located both within and outside of membrane-limited vacuoles. No change in this distribution could be detected in tissue removed by biopsy after enzyme administration. This impression was confirmed by the determination of glycogen content which was shown to be unchanged. Nevertheless, the liver was found by enzyme assay to contain the administered enzyme. Leucocytes isolated from blood taken 4 hours after the last enzyme injection were also shown to contain the parenterally administered glucosidases.
In skeletal muscle glycogen was present chiefly as extrasaccular deposits which were unchanged in appearance by enzyme administration. No glucosidase activity was demonstrable in the skeletal muscle after such a treatment.
Myocardium sectioned after autopsy had major deposits of glycogen in extrasaccular areas.
Clinical Hematology, ed. 6, by Dr. Maxwell M. Wintrobe. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1967, 1287 pp., $22.50
Authors: Pearson Howard A. 
Published: December 2021

The sixth edition of Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, as all of the preceding editions, remains the "bible" of this specialty. The book reflects the author's more than 30 years of clinical preeminence and so has great practical value in the management of hematologic diseases. It also presents so definitive an evaluation of the literature that it can serve as a prime reference for the physiologic and pathologic mechanisms underlying hematologic disorders.
Despite its general excellence, there are references from earlier editions which could have been eliminated.
Prolonged Symptomatic Neonatal Hypoglycemia Associated with Maternal Chlorpropamide Therapy
Authors: Zucker Preston , Simon Gilbert 
Published: December 2021

Ordinarily, the hypoglycemia of infants of diabetic mothers is brief and asymptomatic.1 It is considered to result from fetal hyperinsulinism secondary to prenatal hyperglycemia. The infant described below had prolonged symptomatic hypoglycemia associated with maternal chlorpropamide (Diabinese) therapy.
Case Report
The patient, a 3,715 gm white male, was the product of a 37-week gestation of a gravida 3, para 2, A positive, 36-year-old mother by repeat cesarean section. The mother, a mild diabetic since age 31, had been receiving 250 mg chlorpropamide twice daily, including the morning of her delivery.
The infant's blood sugar was 20 mg/100 ml at 4 hours of age, and he was then transferred to Babies Hospital for further care.
Lymphatics in Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Stowens Daniel 
Published: December 2021

The report on "The Pulmonary Lymphatics in Neonatal Hvaline Membrane Disease" by Dr. J. M. Lauweryns and colleagues1 is welcome for the data which are presented and for the emphasis they place upon the pathologic anatomy of the disease, a facet too often overlooked. However, I believe it necessary to point to two portions of the paper which are in error.
That of lesser importance is the statement repeatedly made that this morphologic feature of hyaline membrane disease has been previously unreported.
Chicago
Authors: Silverman Benj. K. 
Published: December 2021

This letter went off today to the Executive Offices of the American Academy of Pediatrics:
"I have written in the past of my opposition to the repeated placing of the Annual Meetings in the depressing atmosphere of the Chicago Loop.
"My feelings are not greatly reinforced by the sordid television pictures of Mayor Daley's vicious handling of American youth at the Democratic convention.
"As pediatricians, we, first of all groups, should take steps to transfer our meetings from Chicago.
Congenital Stenosis of Right Mainstem Bronchus: Another Case
Authors: Litwer Eugene I. , Hubbard Colin P. 
Published: December 2021

In reference to the report by Doctors Chang, Hetzler, Gregg, Lofti, and Brough in the April issue of Pediatrics (41:739, 1968) in which they describe the successful resection of a stenotic right mainstem bronchus in a 5-month-old child, we would like to report briefly the case of a 4-year-old child with a similar problem which was treated medically.
A white female was born March 25, 1964 to a hypothyroid mother, birth weight 3 lb, 5 oz, after a full-term pregnancy and normal delivery.
CHILD-RESISTANT CONTAINERS CAN PREVENT POISONING
Authors: Scherz Robert G. , Latham George H. , Stracener Carl E. 
Published: December 2021

During the period May 1, 1967, to April 30, 1968, prescription tablet and capsule medications from the pharmacies of Madigan General Hospital and McChord Air Force Base were dispensed in 270,000 child-resistant containers. Poisonings from all prescription medications decreased from 15.8 to 8.2 poisonings per 10,000 pediatric outpatient visits. The most significant change was a 90% decrease in poisonings due to prescription tablets and capsules dispensed in plastic vials originating from Madigan and McChord Air Force Base pharmacies during the test period.
The study suggests that widespread use of the test container would produce a significant reduction in accidental childhood poisonings due to prescription tablets and capsules.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: OXYGEN THERAPY AND RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA
Authors: Silverman William A. 
Published: December 2021

The conference succeeded in emphasizing the current importance of increased understanding of mutual problems by pediatricians and ophthalmologists. Premature infants with major illnesses can be treated adequately only in optimally manned and fully equipped intensive care units. Current support for these facilities is woefully inadequate. Ophthalmologists must examine every premature baby receiving supplemental oxygen, and the eyes of children born prematurely should be examined regularly for the first 2 years of life.
Participants in the conference agreed that revised recommendations for oxygen administration are highly desirable but that currently available data are insufficient to justify a revision of the present cautious recommendations. A vital need exists for extensive research in these areas, along with the accumulation of considerably more clinical data.
Subsequent meetings of this kind are clearly necessary, and it was suggested that the American Academy of Pediatrics should be invited to participate officially in the next meeting.
THE CLINICIAN'S ART: SOME QUESTIONS FOR OUR TIME
Authors: Green Morris 
Published: December 2021

The papers by Kennell, et al. and by Starfield and Borkowf in this issue, and by Korsch et al. in the November 1968 issue provide documentation for the following, seemingly reasonable conclusions: (1) parents of children who have rheumatic fever demonstrate extensive confusion and many unrealistic beliefs about that disorder and its long-term prophylactic treatment; (2) resident physicians are much more likely to record their awareness of complaints related to a body system or function than to behavior problems; and (3) communication barriers between a pediatric resident and the patient parents contribute significantly to patient dissatisfaction.
The importance of these systematic examinations lies in their presentation of data about the clinician's job, a phase of the art of pediatrics not usually regarded as based on cumulative or scientific knowledge.
A COMPLAINT ABOUT MEDIEVAL CHILDREN
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The complaints noted below by Fra Bartholomew Anglicus, an English Franciscan of the thirteenth century, about the children of his time might well be written today.
Some children . . . lead their lives without thought and care. And set their courages only of mirth and liking, and dread no perils more than beating with a rod. .. . When they be praised, or shamed, or blamed, they set little thereby. . . Since all children be tatched [sic] with evil manners, and think only on things that be, and reck [sic] not of things that shall be, they love plays, games, and vanity. . . . And things most worthy they repute least worthy, and least worthy most worthy. .. . And the goodness that is done for them, they let it pass out of mind. They desire all things they see. . . - They love talking and counsel of such children as they be, and void company of old men. They keep no counsel, but they tell all that they hear or see.