bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of ECT in patients receiving an oral anticoagulant
Authors: Centanni Nicolette R. , Craig Wendy Y. , Whitesell Dena L. , Zemrak Wesley R. , Nichols Stephanie D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
This study assessed the use, tolerability, and safety of anticoagulation via direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin in medical and psychiatric inpatients receiving ECT.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients who received ECT while on either a direct oral anticoagulant (9) or warfarin (23) and spanned 247 encounters at Maine Medical Center between December 2012 and December 2018. Data are presented descriptively and analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel version 2016.

Results
Among the 247 ECT patient encounters, there were few major adverse effects of ECT in this medically complex population. These adverse effects included headache during 4 encounters (1.6%), respiratory distress during 2 encounters (0.8%) and a cardiovascular event during 1 encounter (0.4%). One patient (3.1%) who was receiving concurrent rivaroxaban and venlafaxine experienced gastrointestinal bleeding that was determined to be unrelated to ECT. One patient on fluoxetine and warfarin experienced hemoptysis thought to be secondary to epistaxis. No other major bleeding or clotting event occurred during an ECT session nor for the duration of the hospitalization.

Discussion
Direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin appear safe in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation or acute venous thromboembolism who are receiving concomitant ECT. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Flame‐Retardant Host–Guest Films for Efficient Thermal Management of Cryogenic Devices
Authors: Yang Yishan , Lyu Jing , Chen Jun , Liao Jianhe , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhase change materials hold tremendous potential for thermal energy storage and temperature management due to their high latent heat and chemical stability. However, the manufacture of flame‐retardant, form‐stable phase change films working under a cryogenic environment remains difficult. Herein, an organic polydopamine‐aramid nanofiber (PANF) aerogel film with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32 is applied as a host to confine a unique phase change guest material (i.e., deep eutectic solvent, DES) to fabricate PANF‐DES host–guest flame‐retardant cryogenic phase change films. The PANF aerogel film is prepared through the in situ polymerization of dopamine within the aramid nanofiber hydrogel film, exhibiting a high specific surface area of 289 m2 g−1. The cryogenic phase change material is a ternary DES composed of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ethylene glycol (Eg), and deionized water (H2O). The as‐prepared PANF‐DES host–guest films with the phase transition temperature of −21 °C and melting enthalpy of 225 J g−1 can withstand fire for 60 s without naked flame, and the peak of heat release rate (pkHRR) is only 26.0 MJ kg−1. This study opens the way for developing ultra‐low flammable phase change composite films, as well as shows great potential applications for thermal management in cryogenic devices.
Stability Of Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors and Their Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Dan , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNon‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFAs) are recognized as “rising star” in recent years in the organic solar cells (OSCs) community. In contrast to the traditional fullerene electron acceptors, NFAs promise superior feasibility in molecular design with tunable optoelectronic properties, experiencing unprecedented development in the last 5 years with maximum achievable power conversion efficiencies over 18% are acquired in NFA based OSCs. Nevertheless, the stability of NFAs and their OSCs is still problematic and not well understood, and is regarded as the bottleneck toward the commercialization of NFA based OSCs. In this review, recent advances and current understanding of the stability of NFAs and their corresponding OSCs are presented. Specifically, three key factors, including chemical‐, photon‐, and thermal‐, induced degradations in NFAs are analyzed and summarized, with approaches to enhance the stability suggested. This is followed by the discussion of shelf and operational stability of NFA based OSCs, with highlights of operational stabilities in inert, ambient, indoor, and outdoor conditions. It is envisaged that operational lifetime of over 20 years in real world is achievable via the joint efforts from material design, morphology control, interfacial engineering, and encapsulation technology.
Near‐Infrared Lasing in Four‐Zigzag Edged Nanographenes by 1D versus 2D Electronic π‐Conjugation
Authors: Muñoz‐Mármol Rafael , Gordillo Fernando , Bonal Víctor , Villalvilla José M. , Boj Pedro G. , Quintana José A. , Ross Aaron M. , Paternò Giuseppe M. , Scotognella Francesco , Lanzani Guglielmo , Derradji Amel , Sancho‐García Juan C. , Gu Yanwei , Wu Jishan , Casado Juan , Díaz‐García María A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe search of compounds emitting in the near‐infrared (NIR) has been accelerated owing to their use in biomedical and telecommunications applications. In this regard, nanographenes (NGs) are attractive materials adequate for integration with other technologies, which have recently demonstrated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing across the visible spectrum. Here, the optical and ASE properties of four‐zigzag edged NGs of the [m,n]peri‐acenoacene family are reported, whose size is increased through conjugation extension by varying n (from 3 to 5) while keeping m = 2. Results show that such 1D conjugation extension method is more efficient in terms of shifting the photoluminescence (PL) to the infrared (PL at 710 nm in the larger compound, PP‐Ar) than through 2D conjugation extension as in previously reported NGs (PL at 676 nm with the largest compound FZ3, with n = 3 and m = 4). Additionally, PP‐Ar shows dual‐ASE (at 726 and 787 nm), whose origin is elucidated through Raman and transient absorption spectroscopies. These compounds’ potential for red and NIR lasing is demonstrated through the fabrication of distributed feedback lasers with top‐layer resonators. This study paves the way towards the development of stable low‐cost all‐plastic NIR lasers.
Switchable Chiroptical Flexible Films Based on Chiral Helical Superstructure: Handedness Inversion and Dissymmetric Adjustability by Stretching
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Deng Jianping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntelligent and controllable circularly polarized absorption and emission switching with high dissymmetric factors have attracted great attention due to the significant potential applications in chiral chemistry, chiral photonics, and electronics. However, the lack of examples to achieve freely switchable and adjustable chiroptical properties within a single material, especially in the deformable solid materials, limits the further continuous progress. Herein, an unprecedented, simple, and scalable way to achieve the above goal is presented. A stretchable spin‐coated thin film is fabricated from chiral helical substituted polyacetylene and thermoplastic polyurethane. Macromolecular chains self‐organize into hierarchically chiral superstructures under stretching, facilitating the film to absorb/emit circularly polarized light with opposite handedness from the two faces of the film. The dissymmetry intensity can be adjusted flexibly by controlling the elongation and recovery of the film. The nonreciprocity and chirality adjustability behaviors in stretchable solid materials represent a fundamental advancement and provide new opportunities for the design, preparation, and applications of chiroptical materials.
A Noninvasive Gut‐to‐Brain Oral Drug Delivery System for Treating Brain Tumors
Authors: Miao Yang‐Bao , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Chen Chiung‐Tong , Mi Fwu‐Long , Lin Yu‐Jung , Chang Yen , Chiang Chi‐Shiun , Wang Jui‐To , Lin Kun‐Ju , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost orally administered drugs fail to reach the intracerebral regions because of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which are located between the gut and the brain. Herein, an oral prodrug delivery system that can overcome both the IEB and the BBB noninvasively is developed for treating gliomas. The prodrug is prepared by conjugating an anticancer drug on β‐glucans using a disulfide‐containing linker. Following oral administration in glioma‐bearing mice, the as‐prepared prodrug can specifically target intestinal M cells, transpass the IEB, and be phagocytosed/hitchhiked by local macrophages (Mϕ). The Mϕ‐hitchhiked prodrug is transported to the circulatory system via the lymphatic system, crossing the BBB. The tumor‐overexpressed glutathione then cleaves the disulfide bond within the prodrug, releasing the active drug, improving its therapeutic efficacy. These findings reveal that the developed prodrug may serve as a gut‐to‐brain oral drug delivery platform for the well‐targeted treatment of gliomas.
Ohmic‐Contact‐Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors for High‐Performance Analog Amplifiers
Authors: Gaviria Rojas William A. , Beck Megan E. , Sangwan Vinod K. , Guo Silu , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for ubiquitous data collection has driven the development of sensing technologies with local data processing. As a result, solution‐processed semiconductors are widely employed due to their compatibility with low‐cost additive manufacturing on a wide range of substrates. However, to fully realize their potential in sensing applications, high‐performance scalable analog amplifiers must be realized. Here, ohmic‐contact‐gated transistors (OCGTs) based on solution‐processed semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes are introduced to address this unmet need. This new device concept enables output current saturation in the short‐channel limit without compromising output current drive. The resulting OCGTs are used in common‐source amplifiers to achieve the highest width‐normalized output current (≈30 µA µm–1) and length‐scaled signal gain (≈230 µm–1) to date for solution‐processed semiconductors. The utility of these amplifiers for emerging sensing technologies is demonstrated by the amplification of complex millivolt‐scale analog biological signals including the outputs of electromyography, photoplethysmogram, and accelerometer sensors. Since the OCGT design is compatible with other solution‐processed semiconducting materials, this work establishes a general route to high‐performance, solution‐processed analog electronics.
A Mobile and Self‐Powered Micro‐Flow Pump Based on Triboelectricity Driven Electroosmosis
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Zhang Lingjun , Li Zhongjie , Tang Qian , Chen Jie , Huang YingZhou , Hu Chenguo , Guo Hengyu , Peng Yan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectroosmotic pumps have been widely used in microfluidic systems. However, traditional high‐voltage (HV)‐sources are bulky in size and induce numerous accessional reactions, which largely reduce the system's portability and efficiency. Herein, a motion‐controlled, highly efficient micro‐flow pump based on triboelectricity driven electroosmosis is reported. Utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a strong electric field can be formed between two electrodes in the microfluidic channel with an electric double layer, thus driving the controllable electroosmotic flow by biomechanical movements. The performance and operation mechanism of this triboelectric electroosmotic pump (TEOP) is systematically studied and analyzed using a basic free‐standing mode TENG. The TEOP produces ≈600 nL min−1 micro‐flow with a Joule heat down to 1.76 J cm−3 nL−1 compared with ≈50 nL min−1 and 8.12 J cm−3 nL−1 for an HV‐source. The advantages of economy, efficiency, portability, and safety render the TEOP a more conducive option to achieve wider applications in motion‐activated micro/nanofluidic transportation and manipulation.
Travel medicine meets conservation medicine in St. Kitts: Disinhibition, cognitive‐affective inconsistency, and disease risk among vacationers around green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
Authors: Muehlenbein Michael P. , Dore Kerry M. , Gassen Jeffrey , Nguyen Vy , Jolley O. Grace , Gallagher Christa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite concern about environmental protection, travelers often underestimate the contribution they may have to disease transmission to other species, as well as the risk of becoming infected themselves. Tourists in general tend to accept more physical risks when traveling than when at home, and much of this can be blamed on the temporary loss of situational awareness and loss of inhibition with a corresponding relaxed attitude toward safety. To better understand environmental attitudes and travel health knowledge and behaviors, a detailed survey of adult tourists was distributed on the island of St. Kitts, home to many green monkeys. Data from 1097 respondents were collected at two locations where cruise ship passengers typically visit the island. Results revealed that even though individuals with more positive environmental attitudes were more willing to take steps to mitigate tourism‐related disease transmission, they were also more likely to report wanting to touch or feed a monkey/ape. Similarly, those more willing to prevent the spread of diseases (e.g., wear a mask and report any illnesses to park authorities) were actually more likely to want to touch or feed a monkey/ape. The human desire for physical contact with other species may be partly the result of biophilia, emotionally arousing events (like contact with exotic species) that can lead to further disinhibition, and social media platforms that provide opportunities for exhibitionism. The attitude‐behavior incongruency identified here may also be explained through cognitive‐affective inconsistency: environmentally‐oriented individuals believe that it is prudent to take steps to prevent zoonotic disease transmission but also desire to touch or feed exotic species as it may be emotionally rewarding. Individuals for whom physically interacting with monkeys/apes may be emotionally rewarding may not alter their behavior in response to cognitive means of persuasion; techniques aimed at appealing to emotions may be more effective.
First observation of a chimpanzee with albinism in the wild: Social interactions and subsequent infanticide
Authors: Leroux Maël , Monday Gideon , Chandia Bosco , Akankwasa John W. , Zuberbühler Klaus , Hobaiter Catherine , Crockford Catherine , Townsend Simon W. , Asiimwe Caroline , Fedurek Pawel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlbinism—the congenital absence of pigmentation—is a very rare phenomenon in animals due to the significant costs to fitness of this condition. Both humans and non‐human individuals with albinism face a number of challenges, such as reduced vision, increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or compromised crypticity resulting in an elevated vulnerability to predation. However, while observations of social interactions involving individuals with albinism have been observed in wild non‐primate animals, such interactions have not been described in detail in non‐human primates (hereafter, primates). Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first sighting of an infant with albinism in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), including social interactions between the infant, its mother, and group members. We also describe the subsequent killing of the infant by conspecifics as well as their behavior towards the corpse following the infanticide. Finally, we discuss our observations in relation to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior or attitudes towards individuals with very conspicuous appearances.
Picomole‐Scale Synthesis and Screening of Macrocyclic Compound Libraries by Acoustic Liquid Transfer
Authors: Sangouard Gontran , Zorzi Alessandro , Wu Yuteng , Ehret Edouard , Schüttel Mischa , Kale Sangram , Díaz‐Perlas Cristina , Vesin Jonathan , Bortoli Chapalay Julien , Turcatti Gerardo , Heinis Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacrocyclic compounds are an attractive class of therapeutic ligands against challenging targets, such as protein–protein interactions. However, the development of macrocycles as drugs is hindered by the lack of large combinatorial macrocyclic libraries, which are cumbersome, expensive, and time consuming to make, screen, and deconvolute. Here, we established a strategy for synthesizing and screening combinatorial libraries on a picomolar scale by using acoustic droplet ejection to combine building blocks at nanoliter volumes, which reduced the reaction volumes, reagent consumption, and synthesis time. As a proof‐of‐concept, we assembled a 2700‐member target‐focused macrocyclic library that we could subsequently assay in the same microtiter synthesis plates, saving the need for additional transfers and deconvolution schemes. We screened the library against the MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction and generated micromolar and sub‐micromolar inhibitors. Our approach based on acoustic liquid transfer provides a general strategy for the development of macrocycle ligands.
Carbene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Atropisomers
Authors: Song Runjiang , Xie Yongtao , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtropisomeric molecules have found proven applications and have shown promising potential in chemistry and medicine. The design of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions to construct atropisomerically enriched molecules has emerged as an important research topic in recent years. These reactions include kinetic resolutions, asymmetric desymmetrizations, central‐to‐axial chirality conversions, and cycloadditions. This Minireview evaluates and summarizes the progress in NHC‐based organic catalysis for access to atropisomers, and briefly states our personal perspectives on the future advancement of this topic. NHC catalysis has provided rich and unique reaction modes that have led to success in the asymmetric synthesis of central‐chiral molecules. It is expected that similar success could also be achieved in developing NHC catalysis to prepare atropisomeric molecules, including those not easily accessible by other methods.
Nachtaktiv: Eisen‐Guanidin‐Komplex katalysiert ROP auf der schlafenden Seite der ATRP
Authors: Rittinghaus Ruth D. , Karabulut Aylin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCopolymere sind die Antwort auf die limitierten Eigenschaften von Homopolymeren. Um die gesamte Vielfalt der verfügbaren Monomere nutzen zu können, werden derzeit Katalysatoren untersucht, die in mehr als einem Polymerisationsmechanismus aktiv sind. Eisen‐Guanidin‐Katalysatoren haben sich bei der ROP von Lactid als außerordentlich aktiv erwiesen und zeigen jetzt ihre Vielseitigkeit, indem sie auch die ATRP von Styrol katalysieren. Der vorgestellte Eisenkomplex ist der erste, der Lactid und Styrol gleichzeitig zu einem definierten Blockcopolymer in einem Reaktionsgefäß polymerisiert. Beide Mechanismen arbeiten dabei Hand in Hand, wobei die ROP die überwiegend vorhandene FeII‐Spezies auf der inaktiven Seite des ATRP‐Gleichgewichts nutzt. Diese orthogonale Copolymerisation durch einen nicht‐toxischen Eisenkatalysator ebnet neue Wege zu biokompatiblen Polymerisationsverfahren und erweitert den Anwendungsbereich der ATRP.
In Vivo Tracking of Cell Viability for Adoptive Natural Killer Cell‐Based Immunotherapy by Ratiometric NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Liao Naishun , Su Lichao , Zheng Youshi , Zhao Bixing , Wu Ming , Zhang Da , Yang Huanghao , Liu Xiaolong , Song Jibin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of natural killer (NK) cells‐based immunotherapy is greatly related with the survival of transplanted NK cells. However, no effective strategy was reported to monitor NK cell viability in adoptive immunotherapy in vivo. Herein, we develop a ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescence imaging strategy to quantitively track and visualize the adoptive NK cell viability in vivo in real‐time. The nanoprobe consists of lanthanide‐based down‐conversion nanoparticles (DCNP) coated with IR786s, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive to NIR dye, which was directly labeled with NK cells. Upon cell death, the excessive ROS generation occurred within NK cells, along with IR786s degradation, turning on NIR‐II fluorescent signal at 1550 nm of DCNP under 808‐nm excitation, while the fluorescent signal at 1550 nm of DCNP under 980‐nm excitation was stable. Such an intracellular ROS‐induced ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescent signal was validated to correlate well with NK cell viability in vivo. Using this nanoreporter, we further demonstrated that co‐treatment with IL‐2, IL‐15, and IL‐21 could improve NK cell viability in vivo, achieving enhanced immunotherapy for orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall, this strategy allows for longitudinal and quantitative tracking of NK cell viability in NK cell‐based immunotherapy.
A Highly Selective Supramolecule Array Membrane Made of Zero‐Dimensional Molecules for Gas Separation
Authors: Zhao Meng , Ban Yujie , Yang Kun , Zhou Yingwu , Cao Na , Wang Yuecheng , Yang Weishen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe orderly assembled zero‐dimensional 2‐methylimidazole (mim) molecules into unprecedented supramolecule array membranes (SAMs) through solvent‐free vapor processing, realizing the intermolecular spacing of mim at ca. 0.30 nm available as size‐sieving channels for distinguishing the tiny difference between H2 (kinetic diameter: 0.289 nm) and CO2 (kinetic diameter: 0.33 nm). The highly oriented and dense membranes yield a separation factor above 3600 for equimolar H2/CO2 mixtures, which is one order of magnitude higher than those of the state‐of‐the‐art membranes defining 2017’s upper bound for H2/CO2 separation. These SAMs define a new benchmark for molecular sieve membranes and are of paramount importance to precombustion carbon capture. Given the range of supramolecules, we anticipate SAMs with variable intermolecular channels could be applied in diversified separations that are prevalent in chemical processes.
Active in Sleep: Iron Guanidine Catalyst Performs ROP on Dormant Side of ATRP
Authors: Rittinghaus Ruth D. , Karabulut Aylin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCopolymers are the answer to property limitations of homopolymers. In order to use the full variety of monomers available, catalysts active in more than one polymerization mechanism are currently investigated. Iron guanidine catalysts have shown to be extraordinarily active in ROP of lactide and herein prove their versatility by also promoting ATRP of styrene. The presented iron complex is the first polymerizing lactide and styrene simultaneously to a defined block copolymer in a convenient one‐pot synthesis. Both mechanisms work hand in hand with ROP using the dominantly present FeII species on the dormant side of the ATRP equilibrium. This orthogonal copolymerization by a benign iron catalyst opens up new pathways to biocompatible polymerization procedures broadening the scope of ATRP applications.