bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do balanced-budget fiscal stimuli of investment increase its economic value?
Authors: Dosi Cesare , Moretto Michele , Tamborini Roberto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We examine the timing of a business investment providing valuable external benefits to society. A surge in uncertainty about private returns, a typical feature if not a cause of recessions, delays capital outlays to an extent that may be detrimental to social welfare. Is there an efficiency-improving public policy directed at accelerating investment? By real option analysis, we try answering this question by comparing three fiscal policies: (i) a simple subsidy on investment, (ii) a balanced-budget fiscal stimulus where the subsidy is subsequently covered by profit taxation, and (iii) by taxing external benefits as well. We show that, under a balanced-budget stimulus, investment acceleration may come at the expense of a net economic loss, and the higher is uncertainty on private returns, the higher the likehood of a negative outcome. However, this risk strongly declines when government spending is balanced by taxing both private and public returns on investment.
Political fact-checking in the Middle East: What news can be verified in the Arab world?
Authors: Fakida Abdelrahman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study examines the news selection processes followed by fact-checking organizations in the Middle East, specifically Egypt, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates, and gatekeeping such organizations face while working under authoritarian rule. By reviewing fact-checked news posted on the Facebook pages of six Arabic language organizations: Da Begad, HereszTruth, Fatabyyano, Matsad2sh, MisbarFC, and Saheeh Masr, this study manually analyzes about 5,000 fact-checked news stories to understand the extent of political fact-checking performed on Arab presidents, heads of government, and rulers, along with the most verified news topics. Results show that organizations in the Middle East rarely fact-check Arab rulers or refute their claims, while their news selection process prioritizes human interest topics. The study suggests that Arab fact-checkers resort to self-censorship due to gatekeeping influences that impact the region’s media climate.
Effects of Manual Therapies and Resistance Exercise on Postexercise Hypotension in Women With Normal Blood Pressure
Authors: Monteiro Estêvão R. , Pescatello Linda S. , Winchester Jason B. , Corrêa Neto Victor G. , Brown Amanda F. , Budde Henning , Marchetti Paulo H. , Silva Julio G. , Vianna Jeferson M. , Novaes Jefferson da Silva 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Monteiro, ER, Pescatello, LS, Winchester, JB, Corrêa Neto, VG, Brown, AF, Budde, H, Marchetti, PH, Silva, JG, Vianna, JM, and Novaes, JdS. Effects of manual therapies and resistance exercise on postexercise hypotension in women with normal blood pressure. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 948–954, 2022—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of resistance exercise (RE) and different manual therapies (static stretching and manual massage [MM]) performed separately or combined on blood pressure (BP) responses during recovery in women with normal BP. Sixteen recreationally strength-trained women (age: 25.1 ± 2.9 years; height: 158.9 ± 4.1 cm; body mass: 59.5 ± 4.9 kg; body mass index: 23.5 ± 1.9 kg·m−2; baseline systolic BP median: 128 mm Hg; and baseline diastolic BP median: 78 mm Hg) were recruited. All subjects performed 6 experiments in a randomized order: (a) rest control (CON), (b) RE only (RE), (c) static-stretching exercise only (SS), (d) MM only, (e) RE immediately followed by SS (RE + SS), and (f) RE immediately followed by MM (RE + MM). RE consisted of 3 sets of bilateral bench press, back squat, front pull-down, and leg press exercises at 80% of 10RM. Static stretching and MM were applied unilaterally in 2 sets of 120 seconds to each of the quadriceps, hamstring, and calf regions. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP were measured before (rest) and every 10 minutes for 60 minutes following (Post 10–60) each intervention. There were significant intragroup differences for RE in Post-50 (p = 0.038; d = −2.24; ∆ = −4.0 mm Hg). Similarly, SBP intragroup differences were found for the SS protocol in Post-50 (p = 0.021; d = −2.67; ∆ = −5.0 mm Hg) and Post-60 (p = 0.008; d = −2.88; ∆ = −5.0 mm Hg). Still, SBP intragroup differences were found for the MM protocol in Post-50 (p = 0.011; d = −2.61; ∆ = −4.0 mm Hg) and Post-60 (p = 0.011; d = −2.74; ∆ = −4.0 mm Hg). Finally, a single SBP intragroup difference was found for the RE + SS protocol in Post-60 (p = 0.024; d = −3.12; ∆ = −5.0 mm Hg). Practitioners should be aware that SS and MM have the potential to influence BP responses in addition to RE or by themselves and therefore should be taken into consideration for persons who are hypertensive or hypotensive.
New Procedures in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology: Too Many Questions
Authors: Gabay Polina G. , Dronova Sophia A. 
Published: September 2021

The article presents a legal analysis of the procedure for providing medical care in pediatric oncology and hematology which regulates the provision of medical care to children with neoplasms and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism. The place of the pediatric oncology and hematology profile in the system of existing regulatory legal acts and the role assigned by the new procedure to the pediatric oncologist are determined. The requirements to the structure of medical organizations providing medical care in pediatric oncology and hematology profile, the procedure of oncological and hematological diseases diagnosis and management are considered. Attention is drawn to the lack of timescales of pediatric oncologist-hematologist consultation and taking biopsic material. The algorithm of medical organizations actions on entering data into information systems is analyzed.First published on the official website of LLC “Faculty of Medical Law” (https://kormed.ru/baza-znaniy/nashi-analiticheskie-zaklyucheniya/ novyy-poryadok-po-detskoy-onkologii-i-gematologii-slishkom-mnogo-voprosov/). Re-published with permission of the copyright holder.
Delayed endovascular surgery in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to massive culprit arterial thrombosis in the prevention of slow/no-reflow phenomenon
Authors: Azarov A. V. , Semitko S. P. , Zhuravlev A. S. , Ioseliani D. G. , Kamolov I. Kh. , Melnichenko I. S. , Zakharova O. V. , Puzin S. N. , Kovalchuk I. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess whether delayed coronary artery stenting (CAS) can reduce the slow/no-reflow incidence in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and massive thrombosis (TTG ≥3) of the infarct-related coronary artery (IRCA) compared with immediate CAS within primary PCI.Material and methods. Out of 3651 primary PCIs performed for acute STEMI in the period from January 2016 to May 2020 at the Mytishchi City Clinical Hospital, the retrospective analysis included 105 patients with massive IRCA thrombosis (TTG ≥3). The patients were divided into two groups: first group (n=55) — delayed CAS, second group (n=50) — immediate CAS. In the immediate CAS group, the PCI procedure ended with routine stent implantation, and in the delayed CAS group, stent implantation was delayed for at least 5 days.Results. In the delayed CAS group in comparison with immediate one, the slow/no-reflow phenomenon developed much less frequently in the form of a significant increase in the prevalence of TIMI 3 flow, better myocardial perfusion of myocardial blush grade (MBG) 2-3 (81,8 vs 64%; odds ratio (OR) 2,53; p=0,039) and ST segment resolution ≥70% (87,3% vs 58%; OR 4,97; p=0,001).Conclusion. Delayed CAS in patients with STEMI with massive thrombosis (TTG ≥3) of IRCA reduces the risk of slow/no-reflow phenomenon and can be considered as a possible alternative treatment vs immediate CAS, provided that stable coronary flow is restored before TIMI 3.
Contribution of concomitant myocarditis to the development of various clinical types of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lutokhina Yu. A. , Blagova O. V. , Nedostup A. V. , Alexandrova S. A. , Evseeva E. V. , Shestak A. G , Zaklyazminskaya E. V. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the contribution of genetic and inflammatory factors to the development of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).Material and methods. The study involved 54 patients with ARVC (age, 38,7±14,1 years; men, 42,6%; mean follow-up period, 21 [6; 60] months). All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), 24-hour ECG monitoring, echocardiography, determination of anticardiac antibodies and DNA of cardiotropic viruses in the blood, molecular genetic ARVC testing, as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (n=49), high-resolution ECG (n=18), right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (n=2), and autopsy (n=2).Results. Following four clinical types of ARVC were identified: I. Latent arrhythmic form: characterized by frequent premature ventricular contractions and/or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). II. Manifested arrhythmic form (n=11) — SVT/ventricular fibrillation (VF). III. ARVC with progressive heart failure (HF, n=8). IV. Combination of ARVC with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC, n=8). Superimposed myocarditis was identified in 74%, 36%, 87,5% and 85,7% of patients in forms I-IV, respectively. Mutations were detected in 11%, 46%, 50%, and 38% of patients in forms I-IV, respectively. Clinical forms were stable: there was no transition from one clinical form to another during follow-up period.Conclusion. The contribution of genetic and inflammatory mechanisms to the clinical picture is different: in the latent arrhythmic form, the leading role belongs to inflammation; in the manifested arrhythmic form, the contribution of pathogenic mutations prevails, and in ARVC with progressive HF and in combination with LVNC, the contribution of genetic and inflammatory factors is equally important.
Counseling an alcohol abuse patient
Authors: Maksimova Zh. V. , Maksimov D. M. 
Published: September 2021

Alcohol abuse is the regular or episodical alcohol consumption that can cause adverse medical and social consequences without signs of dependence. In Russia, 35% of the population regularly consume alcoholic drinks in very high doses. At the same time, abuse often remains undiagnosed or is not considered a medical problem. However, it is precisely this that causes the massive prevalence of alcohol-related physical and mental health problems, as well as social functioning. The situation can be improved, including through early detection and effective behavioral counseling, especially in primary health care. The World Health Organization recommends a five-step approach to identify and correct alcohol abuse:— identify the alcohol consumption level using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT);— recommend decreasing alcohol consumption;— assess readiness and barriers to cessation or decrease of alcohol use;— help the patient to develop motivations;— continue monitoring and support on follow-up visits.Behavioral counseling for alcohol abuse is provided in a non-judgmental manner as part of the routine medical appointment for any other medical condition. The content of the counseling depends on the motivation of a patient. For hesitant patients who are uncertain about the appropriateness or their ability to reduce alcohol use, a so-called motivational interviewing is conducted, which allows a patient to speak out about the problem and helps to correct unhealthy behaviors. This article is a guideline for health care professionals on brief preventive counseling for alcohol abuse patients.
Quality of medication therapy in patients after stroke depending on presence/absence of diabetes: data from the outpatient stage of REGION-M registry
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Tolpygina S. N. , Zagrebelny A. V. , Chernysheva M. I. , Voronina V. P. , Kutishenko N. P. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Lerman O. V. , Lukina Yu. V. , Blagodatskikh S. V. , Lukyanov M. M. , Okshina E. Yu. , Parsadanyan N. E. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the quality of medication treatment in the polyclinic within 2 years after discharge, depending on presence/absence of diarecommended for patients with stroke before its development and betes.Material and methods. The study included 684 patients assigned to the City Polyclinic № 64 (Moscow), discharged from F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital (Moscow) for a period from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2017 with a diagnosis of stroke/transient ischemic attack, of which 122 were diagnosed with diabetes.Results. Before stroke, therapy was recommended for 67,3% of patients with diabetes and 54,7% without diabetes (p<0,01): statins — 15,5 and 14,4%, antiplatelet agents — 32,7 and 25,5%, angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) — 41,4 and 37,9%, beta-blockers (BBs) — 9,1% and 7,8%, respectively. For the first 6 months after stroke, the rate of statin therapy increased to 39,6 and 39,2%, antiplatelet drugs — to 62,6 and 51,9%, ACE inhibitors/ARBs — to 68,2 and 66%, BBs — to 51,6 and 37,2%, respectively. Then, after 6 months it decreased again to 28,8 and 27,1% for statins, to 30,7 and 35,2% for antiplatelet agents, to 43,3 and 42,6% for ACE inhibitors/ARBs and remained the same for BBs, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of prescribing most drugs to patients with and without diabetes, both before and after stroke, with the exception of hypoglycemic medications.Conclusion. The therapy of patients with previous stroke, both with and without diabetes, recommended in the polyclinic, is characterized by an insufficient prescription rate of main drug classes necessary for secondary cardiovascular prevention at all follow-up stages.
Vascular aging phenotypes in Russian population — biological, social, and behavioral determinants
Authors: Rotar O. P. , Boiarinova M. A. , Tolkunova K. M. , Moguchaia E. V. , Alievа A. S. , Orlov A. V. , Kolesova E. P. , Erina A. M. , Usoltsev D. A. , Solntsev V. N. , Baranova E. I. , Konradi A. O. , Shlyakhto E. V. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the association of cardiovascular risk factors with various vascular aging phenotypes using the St. Petersburg population sample as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study.Material and methods. The current analysis, performed within the ESSE-RF multicenter observational study, included 1600 St. Petersburg residents. The participants filled out a questionnaire to assess risk factors. In addition, blood biochemical parameters, anthropometric characteristics, and blood pressure were evaluated. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed by applanation tonometry using the SphygmoCor device (AtCor, Australia) in 524 people. For analysis, 485 participants without prior cardiovascular events were selected. PWV ≤10 percentile of PWV for healthy individuals in each age group was considered as the criterion for supernormal vascular aging (SUPERNOVA) phenotype, the PWV ≥90 percentile — early vascular aging (EVA), the PWV of 10-90 percentile — normal vascular aging (NVA).Results. The prevalence of SUPERNOVA phenotype was 9,7%, EVA — 18,8%, NVA — 71,5%. Patients with EVA phenotype were more likely to have HTN (60,4%) in comparison with those with SUPERNOVA phenotype (17%) and, less likely — high physical activity (39,6 vs 53,2%). Obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and excessive alcohol consumption were significantly less common in participants with SUPERNOVA phenotype compared with those with EVA phenotype.Conclusion. In addition to HTN and dyslipoproteinemia, a significant predictor of premature aging was the cumulative effect of obesity, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia. Among behavioral risk factors, higher physical activity and adequate alcohol consumption were factors associated with supernormal aging.
Age-associated level of myocardial fibrosis markers and chemokines in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Osipova O. A. , Golovin A. I. , Belousova O. N. , Zemlyansky O. A. , Golivets T. P. , Konstantinov S. L. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study age-related specifics of the concentration of fibrosis markers and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS).Material and methods. A total of 140 STE-ACS patients were examined. Depending on the age, participants were divided into following groups: middle age — 42 patients, elderly — 50 patients, senile — 48 patients. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 people without cardiovascular disease. The level of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), MCP-1 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical processing was carried out using the MATLAB 2020software.Results. It was found that in STE-ACS patients, the MMP-9 level in middle-aged patients is 2,9 times higher than in the CG (p<0,001), elderly — 4,1 times (p<0,001), senile — 6 times (p<0,001). A strong direct relationship was found between age and MMP-9 level (r=0,86088, p<0,001). The TIMP-1 level was higher in all patients (p<0,05) compared with CG. A strong direct relationship was found between levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (r=0,7801; p<0,01). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was higher in the group of middle-aged people by 85,7% (p<0,05), elderly — 1,2 times (p<0,001), senile — 2,3 times (p<0,001) compared to CG. MCP-1 was elevated in all age groups (p <0,001). A direct correlation was found between levels of MCP-1 and MMP-9 (r=0,726, p<0,001).Conclusion. In STE-ACS patients, an age-associated increase in concentrations of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was found in comparison with CG, which indicates the predominance of intercellular matrix degradation marker in patients with ACS. At the same time, MMP-9 increase is possibly induced by MCP-1.
Is the population level of anxiety and depression associated with mortality? Data from the ESSE-RF study
Authors: Evstifeeva S. E. , Shalnova S. A. , Makarova Yu. K. , Yarovaya E. B. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Muromtseva G. A. , Maksimov S. A. , Karamnova N. S. , Artamonova G. V. , Belova O. A. , Grinshtein Yu. I. , Petrova М. M. , Duplyakov D. V. , Efanov A. Yu. , Kulakova N. V. , Libis R. A. , Chernykh T. M. , Rotar O. P. , Trubacheva I. A. , Shabunova A. A. , Konradi A. O. , Boytsov S. A. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study the associations of subclinical and clinical anxiety and depression, assesed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), ≥8 points and ≥11 points, respectively, with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, as well as with the total number of nonfatal cardiovascular events (CVEs) in Russia.Material and methods. The study included male and female population aged 25-64 years from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study who signed an informed consent. The study included 16941 people (men, 6811 (40,2%)). To assess the anxiety and depression, HADS scale was used. The statistical analysis included individuals with subclinical/clinical (HADS ≥8) and clinical (HADS ≥11) anxiety and depression (HADS-A and HADS-D). The median of prospective follow-up was 5,5 years (from 2012 to 2019). The composite endpoint (CE) (cardiovascular death and nonfatal CVE occurred in 268 (4,2%) men and 203 (2,1%) women, while all-cause — in 220 (3,2%) men and 152 (1,5%) women.Results. The results obtained showed that the survival rate of men and women with varying degrees of anxiety (HADS-A ≥8 and ≥11) was associated with all-cause mortality and CE in women. However, this relationship has not been confirmed in multivariate models. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model 1 (M1), a significant association of depression with all-cause mortality in women was revealed — HADS-D ≥8: relative risk (RR), 2,22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1,56-3,15 and ≥11: RR, 2,43; 95% CI: 1,65-3,59 (p<0,005), as well as in men — HADS-D ≥8: RR, 1,51; 95% CI: 1,10-2,08 (p=0,01). In model 2 (M2), when added to M1 as a predictor of prior cardiovascular disease (≥3), depression was significantly associated with all-cause mortality only in women — HADS-D ≥8: RR, 2,23; 95% CI: 1,53-3,24 (p<0,005); HADS-D ≥11: RR, 2,61; 95% CI: 1,74-3,92 (p=0,01). In addition, only in women, subclinical/clinical depression (HADS-D ≥8) was significantly associated with fatal and non-fatal CVE — HADS-D ≥8: RR, 1,46; 95% CI: 1,08-1,98 (p=0,02).Conclusion. Depression (HADS-D ≥8 and ≥11) in Russian women was significantly associated with all-cause mortality and CE (HADS-D ≥8). In men, depression (HADS-D ≥8) was significantly associated with allcause mortality when only conventional risk factors were included in the model, without taking into account prior cardiovascular disease. Anxiety in multivariate models was not associated with all-cause mortality and CE in both sex groups.
Changes in Treatment of Patients with Incident ESKD during the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Johansen Kirsten L. , Liu Jiannong , Peng Yi , Gilbertson David T. , Weinhandl Eric D. 
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement
How ESKD-related care changed during the initial phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is unknown. Using United States Renal Data System data, we compared ESKD-related care in the first half of 2020 with historical trends. The initial height of the pandemic saw a 25% drop in documented ESKD incidence (most strikingly in the oldest individuals), pre-emptive kidney transplantation halved, mean eGFR at dialysis initiation decreased, odds of initiation with peritoneal dialysis (versus hemodialysis) increased by nearly 25%, and odds of starting hemodialysis with a catheter increased by 30%. These are all major changes in the care of patients with incident ESKD. At the initial height of the pandemic, the weekly number of patients with documented incident ESKD fell to a level not observed since 2011.

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions to care for patients with advanced CKD.

Methods
We investigated the incidence of documented ESKD, ESKD treatment modalities, changes in eGFR at dialysis initiation, and use of incident central venous catheters (CVCs) by epidemiologic week during the first half of 2020 compared with 2017–2019 historical trends, using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. We used Poisson and logistic regression for analyses of incidence and binary outcomes, respectively.

Results
Incidence of documented ESKD dropped dramatically in 2020 compared with the expected incidence, particularly during epidemiologic weeks 15–18 (April, incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.78). The decrease was most pronounced for individuals aged ≥75 years (IRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.73). Pre-emptive kidney transplantation decreased markedly during weeks 15–18 (IRR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.67). Mean eGFR at dialysis initiation decreased by 0.33 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in weeks 19–22; non-Hispanic Black patients exhibited the largest decrease, at 0.61 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The odds of initiating dialysis with eGFR <10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were highest during weeks 19–22 (May, OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.17), corresponding to an absolute increase of 2.9%. The odds of initiating peritoneal dialysis (versus hemodialysis) were 24% higher (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.34) in weeks 11–14, an absolute increase of 2.3%. Initiation with a CVC increased by 3.3% (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.41).

Conclusions
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients starting treatment for ESKD fell to a level not observed since 2011. Changes in documented ESKD incidence and other aspects of ESKD-related care may reflect differential access to care early in the pandemic.