bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new technique for closure of an immediate oroantral communication following tooth extraction by free buccal fat pad graft: Case report
Authors: Younes ali Mohammad , Heshmeh Omar , Alsabek Laith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimOroantral communication (OAC) is an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. So many techniques have been described for closure of the communications, such as buccal flaps, palatal flap and pedicled buccal fat pad. The aim of this report is to present a new technique not found in the medical literature was used for closure of the OACs with free buccal fat pad graft (FBFPG).Material and methodsTwo cases of oroantral communication following posterior upper tooth extraction underwent surgical closure with (FBFPG). The diameter of the communications was 6 mm in the first case and 5 mm in the second case. The follow‐up period lasted for 3 months after the surgery to evaluate the success of the FBFPG in the closure of OACs and to evaluate the degree of the pain and the oedema resulting from the use of this technique.ResultsThe closure was achieved successfully in the two cases without any signs of inflammation in the maxillary sinus. Only mild pain and oedema were noted after the surgery. The complete epithelialization of the fat graft was observed after 5–6 weeks.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this report, the use of FBFPG in the immediate closure of small‐ to medium‐oroantral communication is a simple procedure with low complication after the surgery, it can be used without elevating any flaps and without causing any change in the depth of the buccal sulcus and the symmetry of the face.
Nodular fasciitis in cervicofacial region: a rare case description and literature review
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni , Audino Giovanni , Romano Antonio , Bonavolontà Paola , Russo Daniela , Varricchio Silvia , Ferrigno Roberto , Iaconetta Giorgio , Califano Luigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNodular fasciitis is a relatively rare pathology, first described by Konwaler in 1955, which derives from an uncontrolled fibroblastic proliferation. Many authors have described this pathology in the literature, considering previous trauma as a predisposing condition. It predominantly afflicts males between the 2nd and 4th decade of life. A rapid growth, high cellularity and infiltrative borders are the main characteristics of this fasciitis. Even though it can be ubiquitous, the head and neck regions are affected in about 13–37% of cases. The symptoms and signs depend on the localization and size of the neoplasm in relation to the surrounding noble structures, which can suffer on account of the compressive action of the mass. The gold standard treatment is surgical removal. In a very few cases, local recurrences have been described. In this article, we present a case treated by means of a minimally invasive, endoscopically assisted, surgical approach, together with providing a comprehensive literature review that collects data about all the cases afflicting the cervicofacial region described to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of nodular fasciitis located in the submandibular region approached via an endoscopically assisted, minimally invasive, surgical technique.
Piroxicam‐induced fixed drug eruption in palatal mucosa
Authors: Tomo Saygo , da Silva Santos Ingrid , da Silva Cunha John L. , Miyahara Glauco I. , Prado Ribeiro Ana C. , dos Santos Silva Alan R. , Simonato Luciana E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFixed drug eruption is a drug reaction characterized by the recurrent occurrence of erosive or ulcerative lesions in skin or mucosa surfaces upon the use of a specific drug. The occurrence of fixed drug eruption in oral mucosa is rare and ill documented.Case reportA 37‐year‐old woman who presented with recurrent erosive lesions in the palatal marginal gingiva of the upper first molars for 3 consecutive months. In anamnesis and follow‐up, the time association with the intake of piroxicam to treat menstrual pain led us to the diagnosis of fixed drug eruption.ConclusionPiroxicam is a rare culprit drug to fixed drug eruption, especially in oral mucosa.
Perioperative airway complications in infants and children with Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes: A single‐center experience
Authors: Venkat Raman Vishal , de Beer David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCrouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes are rare genetic disorders characterized by craniosynostosis, exorbitism, and maxillary hypoplasia. Patients with these syndromes frequently require general anesthesia for various diagnostic and surgical procedures and may present a challenge to anesthetists with regard to airway management.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, timing, and management of perioperative upper airway obstruction in infants and children with Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes. The secondary aim was to determine the degree of difficulty in performing endotracheal intubation.MethodsA retrospective review of 812 anesthetic encounters in 67 patients was conducted. The following were recorded: timing and management of episodes of perioperative upper airway obstruction, from induction of anesthesia to discharge from recovery, degree of difficulty with laryngoscopy using the Cormack‐Lehane grading system and number of intubation attempts required, patient demographics, respiratory comorbidity, surgical procedure, and anesthetic airway management techniques.ResultsUpper airway obstruction at induction of anesthesia was very common, with an incidence of 31% (167/542 anesthetic encounters affecting 54 patients). In a quarter of these incidents, bag‐valve‐mask ventilation was challenging, but a laryngeal mask airway was almost always effective. Upper airway obstruction on emergence from anesthesia was less common, with an incidence of 2.7% (14/515 anesthetic encounters affecting 10 patients). Contributing factors included patient comorbidity (obstructive sleep apnea, nasal stenosis) and the nature of surgery (craniofacial or airway procedures). Intubation was rarely difficult in this cohort, with 85% of laryngoscopies rated Cormack‐Lehane grade 1 or 2 (n = 373), and 89% of intubations successful on the first attempt (n = 306).ConclusionsUpper airway obstruction at induction of anesthesia is common in patients with Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndrome. These patients are likely to present some difficulties with perioperative airway management, especially bag‐valve‐mask ventilation, but rarely endotracheal intubation.
List and Menzies on High‐Level Causation
Authors: Jäger Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractI raise two objections against Christian List and Peter Menzies' influential account of high‐level causation. Improving upon some of Stephen Yablo's earlier work, I develop an alternative theory which evades both objections. The discussion calls into question List and Menzies' main contention, namely, that the exclusion principle, applied to difference‐making, is false.
The subjective effect of antipsychotic medication on trauma‐related thoughts, emotions, and physical symptoms: A qualitative study with people who have experienced childhood trauma and psychosis
Authors: Kamitsis Ilias , Harms Louise , Bendall Sarah 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesAmong people with psychosis, those with a history of childhood trauma are likely to experience trauma‐related symptoms, such as trauma memory intrusions. Irrespective of whether these individuals continue to remember and re‐experience trauma, their treatment very often includes alleviating psychotic symptoms through the use of antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotics, while primarily used to treat psychotic symptoms, can influence non‐psychotic symptoms and alter how people think and feel. We thus aimed to explore how people with childhood trauma and psychosis experience the effects that antipsychotics have on their (1) thoughts, images, and memories, (2) emotions, and (3) physical responses, related to their childhood trauma.DesignA qualitative phenomenological research design using semi‐structured interviews was implemented.MethodsData were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsNineteen participants were interviewed. Two super‐ordinate themes were conceptualized. Many participants spoke about the impact of antipsychotics on trauma‐related experiences (Theme 1). Some indicated that antipsychotics alleviated the intensity and frequency of trauma‐related thoughts, emotions, and physical symptoms. A few others reported that their trauma‐related flashbacks, thoughts, and physical symptoms intensified while taking antipsychotics. Participants spoke about the role of antipsychotics in confronting and processing trauma (Theme 2). A few participants reported that by suppressing trauma‐related thoughts and emotions antipsychotics prevented them from confronting their trauma.ConclusionsThe effects of antipsychotics can be subjectively experienced as beneficial or detrimental depending on how they influence trauma‐related thoughts, emotions, and physical responses. Intervention studies are needed to determine how people with childhood trauma and psychosis respond to antipsychotic drugs.Practitioner points

Antipsychotics may alter the way in which people with childhood trauma and psychosis remember and re‐experience trauma. These alterations can be beneficial or detrimental, and thus play a role in whether people consider their medication helpful.

By suppressing trauma‐related thoughts and emotions, antipsychotics can prevent people from confronting their trauma. This may be considered beneficial to some, but other people may need or want to confront their trauma to heal.

The effectiveness of trauma‐focused psychological therapies may be influenced by the emotional, cognitive, and physiological effects of antipsychotic medications.

The ability of antipsychotics to suppress people’s trauma memories may contribute to post‐traumatic avoidance. People with post‐traumatic stress symptoms and psychosis should be provided with psycho‐education about post‐traumatic avoidance and its role in the maintenance of post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Hematological and biochemical characteristics and diagnostic imaging results in acute T cell–mediated rejection after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Osawa Ichiro , Ide Kentaro , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Nishimura Nao , Haga Chizuko , Yoshioka Takako , Nosaka Shunsuke , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing TCMR after LT. However, complications caused by liver biopsy may occur especially during the immediate post‐transplantation period and other effective methods for predicting TCMR have not been established. Thus, we investigated whether hematological and biochemical characteristics and Doppler ultrasonography findings are associated with acute TCMR.MethodsA multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors of acute TCMR, defined as a RAI ≥4. Then, a ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate for diagnostic performance. The relationship between prognostic factors and each histological category of RAI was investigated.ResultsEighty‐nine liver biopsies were performed on 85 patients between January 2012 and December 2019. The RAI of 62 (69.7%) liver biopsies was ≥4. AEC (×104/μl), direct bilirubin level (mg/dl), and MHVV (cm/s) were found to be associated with acute TCMR (OR: 4.96, 95% CI: 1.44–17.0, p = .011; OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–1.91, p = .025; OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, p < .001, respectively). The area under the ROC curves for predicting acute TCMR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78–0.94). There was a correlation between AEC, direct bilirubin level, and MHVV as well as the severity of RAI.ConclusionsAEC, direct bilirubin level, and MHVV were the independent risk factors for acute TCMR. This study could provide information regarding the identification of patients requiring liver biopsy.
Introduction to the special issue—Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical evaluation of a non‐Western scholarship program from a public diplomacy perspective
Authors: Ayhan Kadir Jun , Snow Nancy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost governments offer scholarships for international students as part of their public diplomacy toolbox. However, empirical assessments of these programs are relatively rare. The limited number of existing works often concern Western countries, while international student mobility programs in non‐Western countries remain insufficiently researched. This special issue addresses these two gaps in the literature. All the articles utilize a unique and rich dataset of the perspectives of Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) recipients about South Korea. This dataset consists of four surveys conducted in 2018 and 2019 of GKS students, alumni, and pre‐arrival inbound students. There are over 200 variables, most of which are about GKS recipients’ cognitive and affective evaluation of Korea, their Korea‐related behaviors, their perceptions of how they are treated by Koreans, their satisfaction with studying in Korea, satisfaction with university and language school, and integration into Korean society. The articles look at various aspects of GKS as a public diplomacy tool, including the determinants of positive recommendations toward Korea as a study or tourism destination, the relationship between behavioral experience, symbolic environment and communication behaviors, determinants of students’ intentions to stay in the host country, gendered dynamics of the scholarship, students’ perspectives on justice based on their experiences in, and beliefs about, the host country, and the determinants of students’ satisfaction with life in Korea.Related Articles in this Special IssueIstad, Felicia, Eriks Varpahovskis, Ekra Miezan, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “Global Korea Scholarship Students: Intention to Stay in the Host Country to Work or Study after Graduation.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12436.Jon, Jae‐Eun, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “Satisfied or Dissatisfied:

The Determinants of Global Korea Scholarship Recipients’ Satisfaction with Life

in Korea.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1391–1414. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12437.Tam, Lisa, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “Evaluations of People, Affection, and Recommendation for a Host Country: A Study of Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) Recipients.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1292–1307. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12438.
The importance of vitamin E for farmed fish—A review
Authors: El‐Sayed Abdel‐Fattah M. , Izquierdo Marisol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVitamin E (VE) is composed of a group of fat‐soluble molecules, from which the most active homologous is α‐tocopherol. VE is a structural component of cell membranes with a potent chain‐breaking antioxidant action, which plays a main role in several biological processes. In cultured fish, VE can prevent peroxidation of cellular and subcellular membrane phospholipids and also red blood cells, leading to maintaining the structural and functional integrity of animal cells. VE performs several other biological and metabolic functions, including improvement of the immune response, enhancing growth performance and feed efficiency, preventing muscle degeneration, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, improving reproductive efficiency and larval performance, meat quality and shelf life of seafood. Besides, VE interacts with other micronutrients, especially vitamin C and selenium. Fish feed and fish flesh generally contain high concentrations of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which renders these lipids more susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Supplemental VE may, therefore, become necessary to prevent this peroxidation. However, the VE requirement of farmed aquatic animals varies significantly, depending on dietary contents of VC, selenium and lipid (unsaturated fatty acids). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological functions of VE in farmed fish and shrimp, and the effects of supplemental VE on fish performance, reproduction, health and product quality. The future considerations of VE requirements of farmed fish in light of the predicted climate change have also been discussed, especially with regard to feed input supplies (fish meal and fish oil vs. plant proteins and oils) and weather temperature.
Mitoquinone does not improve sperm cryo‐resistance in bulls
Authors: Câmara Diogo Ribeiro , Ibanescu Iulian , Siuda Mathias , Bollwein Heinrich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with impaired post‐thaw sperm quality. As mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm, the goal of this study was to evaluate effects of the mitochondria‐targeting antioxidant Mitoquinone (MitoQ) during cryopreservation of bull sperm. Semen was collected from 11 Simmental bulls (two ejaculates per bull) and diluted in Triladyl® supplemented with various concentrations of MitoQ (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 nM) to a final concentration of 65 × 106 sperm/ml. After thawing (0 and 3 hr), we assessed the following sperm traits: sperm motility by computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), DNA fragmentation index by SCSA® and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, intracellular calcium concentration, esterase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and synthesis of ROS using two multicolour flow cytometric assays. After 3 hr of incubation, 20 nM MitoQ increased (p < .05) sperm ROS synthesis compared to Control, whereas none of the other quality parameters were altered (p > .05). Therefore, we concluded that addition of MitoQ to semen extender before cryopreservation of bull sperm was unable to improve post‐thaw sperm quality. Furthermore, 20 nM of MitoQ increased frozen‐thawed sperm ROS synthesis, without apparent negative effects on the evaluated sperm traits.
Coping with time and death in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Sibbing‐Plantholt Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAll humans, past and future, are forced to grapple with the abstract phenomenon of passing and ending time, as well as ideas about time, such as eternity and finality. Death especially is a confrontation with the passing, ending, irreversibility, and unpredictability of time, over which humans have little to no power. In response to the threat of time and death, humans employ coping mechanisms, a common and perhaps universal example of which is anthropomorphization. Fashioning events and phenomena into social agents with human‐like characteristics and abilities reduces their uncertainty and unpredictability. It increases comprehension of and control over them, and renders them more manageable, palpable, and familiar. This paper explores how this process can be recognized in textual and iconographic sources from the Ancient Near East. Firstly, it gives an overview of what people expected and thought of lifetime and death, and demonstrates that the daily confrontation with uncontrollable time and what may be the biggest challenge of life, namely accepting its inevitable end, was perceived as a struggle. Secondly, it provides insight in how the personification of time and death as well as the responses to these phenomena, such as fear and grief, contributed to coping with these difficult experiences.
Central bank securities and foreign exchange market intervention in a developing economy
Authors: Direye Eli , Khemraj Tarron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Bank of Papua New Guinea has maintained an active policy of foreign exchange (FX) market intervention. This monetary tool is associated with a depreciating currency and a worsening shortage of foreign currencies in the domestic market, suggesting that at most the policy instrument leans against existing FX‐market pressure. However, the one‐sided sales of central bank securities (or bills) engender an appreciation of the rate and an easing of the shortage in the domestic FX market. Supported by empirical evidence, we demonstrate that the one‐sided sales of central bank bills perform like an instrument of monetary policy for FX‐market stability in the presence of persistent nonremunerated excess bank reserves.
Conformal Inference of Counterfactuals and Individual Treatment Effects
Authors: Lei Lihua , Candès Emmanuel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvaluating treatment effect heterogeneity widely informs treatment decision making. At the moment, much emphasis is placed on the estimation of the conditional average treatment effect via flexible machine learning algorithms. While these methods enjoy some theoretical appeal in terms of consistency and convergence rates, they generally perform poorly in terms of uncertainty quantification. This is troubling since assessing risk is crucial for reliable decision-making in sensitive and uncertain environments. In this work, we propose a conformal inference-based approach that can produce reliable interval estimates for counterfactuals and individual treatment effects under the potential outcome framework. For completely randomized or stratified randomized experiments with perfect compliance, the intervals have guaranteed average coverage in finite samples regardless of the unknown data generating mechanism. For randomized experiments with ignorable compliance and general observational studies obeying the strong ignorability assumption, the intervals satisfy a doubly robust property which states the following: the average coverage is approximately controlled if either the propensity score or the conditional quantiles of potential outcomes can be estimated accurately. Numerical studies on both synthetic and real data sets empirically demonstrate that existing methods suffer from a significant coverage deficit even in simple models. In contrast, our methods achieve the desired coverage with reasonably short intervals.
The effect of descriptive norms and social identification on performance and exertion during a physical fitness task
Authors: Stevens Mark , Fitzpatrick Áine , Cruwys Tegan 
Published: October 2021

Research suggests that people's perceptions of the typical physical activity behaviors of others—descriptive norms—shape their own physical activity. However, prior work has primarily used cross‐sectional designs, focused on people's physical activity intentions or self‐reported overall physical activity, and failed to attend to how the normative referent affects the norm‐behavior relationship. In a pre‐registered experiment, we manipulated the descriptive norm to explore its effect on perceived exertion during, and objectively assessed performance on, an exercise (running) task. We also measured the strength of participants’ social identification as a member of the norm reference group as a potential moderator. Following a baseline trial, participants (N = 78) were either told that their baseline score on the running task was below average (high norm condition) or above average (low norm condition) compared to members of the reference group. Participants in both conditions tended to perform better in Trial 2 than Trial 1. However, participants in the high norm condition improved their performance significantly (2.5 times) more than participants in the low norm condition. Social identification moderated the effect of the norm manipulation on perceived exertion. High identifiers tended to exert themselves less than low identifiers during Trial 2 if they were told they were above average, whereas if told they were below average, high identifiers exerted themselves slightly more than low identifiers. Results provide evidence that descriptive norm messages can improve people's performance on physically demanding tasks, and indicate that descriptive physical activity norms may be more influential when the norm reference group is subjectively meaningful. Opportunities to fruitfully deploy norm messages in applied contexts are discussed.