bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization for sustainable production planning
Authors: Kumawat Piyush Kumar , Sinha Rakesh Kumar , Chaturvedi Nitin Dutt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSustainable production planning can be achieved by including several key factors along with production which affect the environment and economy. Carbon emission and energy consumption are essential factors that need to be reduced for achieving sustainable development. In this article, a methodology is proposed for production planning via several process options using available flexibility in the crisp model formulation. A fuzzy multi‐objective model is formulated for satisfying imprecise goals with a view of minimizing carbon emission and energy consumption in industries. This article addresses the decision making in order to develop a better compromise solution for production planning. For practical planning problems, linear and non‐linear membership functions are used to characterize fuzziness. For nonlinear case, two approaches are proposed with multi‐criteria programming models to deal with empirical data points that is, quadratic approximation and piecewise linear approximation. Three examples are illustrated to show the applicability and purpose of the presented methodologies.
How green is blue hydrogen?
Authors: Howarth Robert W. , Jacobson Mark Z. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogen is often viewed as an important energy carrier in a future decarbonized world. Currently, most hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of methane in natural gas (“gray hydrogen”), with high carbon dioxide emissions. Increasingly, many propose using carbon capture and storage to reduce these emissions, producing so‐called “blue hydrogen,” frequently promoted as low emissions. We undertake the first effort in a peer‐reviewed paper to examine the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of blue hydrogen accounting for emissions of both carbon dioxide and unburned fugitive methane. Far from being low carbon, greenhouse gas emissions from the production of blue hydrogen are quite high, particularly due to the release of fugitive methane. For our default assumptions (3.5% emission rate of methane from natural gas and a 20‐year global warming potential), total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions for blue hydrogen are only 9%‐12% less than for gray hydrogen. While carbon dioxide emissions are lower, fugitive methane emissions for blue hydrogen are higher than for gray hydrogen because of an increased use of natural gas to power the carbon capture. Perhaps surprisingly, the greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen is more than 20% greater than burning natural gas or coal for heat and some 60% greater than burning diesel oil for heat, again with our default assumptions. In a sensitivity analysis in which the methane emission rate from natural gas is reduced to a low value of 1.54%, greenhouse gas emissions from blue hydrogen are still greater than from simply burning natural gas, and are only 18%‐25% less than for gray hydrogen. Our analysis assumes that captured carbon dioxide can be stored indefinitely, an optimistic and unproven assumption. Even if true though, the use of blue hydrogen appears difficult to justify on climate grounds.
Using a deep neural network to predict the motion of underresolved triangular rigid bodies in an incompressible flow
Authors: von Wahl Henry , Richter Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider nonspherical rigid body particles in an incompressible fluid in the regime where the particles are too large to assume that they are simply transported with the fluid without back‐coupling and where the particles are also too small to make fully resolved direct numerical simulations feasible. Unfitted finite element methods with ghost‐penalty stabilization are well suited to fluid‐structure‐interaction problems as posed by this setting, due to the flexible and accurate geometry handling and for allowing topology changes in the geometry. In the computationally underresolved setting posed here, accurate computations of the forces by their boundary integral formulation are not viable. Furthermore, analytical laws are not available due to the shape of the particles. However, accurate values of the forces are essential for realistic motion of the particles. To obtain these forces accurately, we train an artificial deep neural network using data from prototypical resolved simulations. This network is then able to predict the force values based on information which can be obtained accurately in an underresolved setting. As a result, we obtain forces on very coarse and underresolved meshes which are on average an order of magnitude more accurate compared with the direct boundary‐integral computation from the Navier–Stokes solution, leading to solid motion comparable to that obtained on highly resolved meshes that would substantially increase the simulation costs.
Choosing event‐driven and daily HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis – data from two European PrEP demonstration projects among men who have sex with men
Authors: Jongen Vita W , Reyniers Thijs , Ypma Zorah MH , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , Davidovich Udi , Zimmermann Hanne ML , Coyer Liza , van den Elshout Mark AM , de Vries Henry JC , Wouters Kristien , Smekens Tom , Vuylsteke Bea , Prins Maria , Laga Marie , Hoornenborg Elske 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionDaily and event‐driven PrEP are both efficacious in reducing the risk for HIV infection. However, the practice of event‐driven PrEP (edPrEP) is less well studied, in particular when provided as an alternative to daily PrEP. We studied regimen preferences and switches, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence.MethodsWe analysed pooled data from two prospective cohort studies among MSM: Be‐PrEP‐ared, Belgium and AMPrEP, the Netherlands. In both projects, participants could choose between daily and edPrEP at three‐monthly study visits, when they were also screened for sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis C (HCV). We assessed the proportion choosing each regimen, and the determinants of choosing edPrEP at baseline. Additionally, we compared the incidence rates (IRs) of HCV, syphilis and chlamydia or gonorrhoea between regimens using Poisson regression. The study period was from 3 August 2015 until 24 September 2018.Results and discussionWe included 571 MSM, of whom 148 (25.9%) chose edPrEP at baseline. 31.7% of participants switched regimen at least once. After 28 months, 23.5% used edPrEP. Older participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.38 per 10 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15 to 1.64) and those unemployed (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.75) were more likely to initially choose edPrEP. IR of HCV and syphilis did not differ between regimens, but the IR of chlamydia/gonorrhoea was higher among daily users (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.35 to 1.94).ConclusionsA quarter of participants chose edPrEP at baseline and at 28 months this proportion was similar. Although the IR of HCV and syphilis were similar in the two regimens, the lower incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among edPrEP users may suggest that less frequent STI testing of this group could be considered.
Evaluation of regional climate models and future wind characteristics in the Black Sea
Authors: Islek Fulya , Yuksel Yalcin , Sahin Cihan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main objective of the present study is to provide a comprehensive image of the expected wind patterns along the 21st century in the Black Sea using the wind fields simulated by Regional Climate Model (RCM), namely Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (version RCA4). Long‐term averages, long‐term variability, and long‐term trends in wind characteristics over the Black Sea are evaluated in two future time slices (near future 2021–2060 and middle future 2061–2100) under the two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5). Detailed analysis of wind (annual mean and 99th percentile wind speeds) and storm characteristics (number and duration of storms) are conducted for three different locations selected on the same meridional section to assess the variability on the wind characteristics from west to east. Spatiotemporal variability on the wind characteristics indicates that the eastern Black Sea will be characterized by lower mean wind speed, stronger 99th percentile wind speed, and higher variability. Considering the global indicators of climate change (e.g., increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events), the eastern Black Sea, characterized by complex atmospheric circulation due to surrounding mountains, is more likely to be subjected to the impacts of climate change as the occurrence of extreme wind speeds in future periods is more prominent in this region. In the future periods, the 100‐year return period wind speeds increase approximately 7% and 27% in the western and eastern Black Sea, respectively, compared to the historical period. The strong and relatively stable winds with low variability in the western Black Sea indicate a reliable, persistent, and sustainable wind energy potential in this region in the future.
The Value of Thyroid Ultrasound Computer‐Aided Diagnosis System in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules With Concurrent Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Hu Minxia , Zong Suting , Xu Ning , Li Jinzhen , Xia Chunxia , Yu Fengxia , Zhu Qiang , Zhao Hanxue 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system in assessing thyroid nodules concurrent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).MethodsTotally 148 patients with 193 thyroid nodules were enrolled. A radiologist assessed the nodules using a thyroid ultrasound CAD system. Additionally, the nodules were evaluated by one experienced radiologist alone, and one training radiologist without and with CAD assistance. The diagnostic performance was compared between the CAD system and the experienced radiologist, and the training radiologist without and with CAD assistance.ResultsThe CAD system demonstrated a similar sensitivity to that of the experienced radiologist in diagnosing thyroid cancers (89.8% versus 92.4%, P > .05). The specificity and accuracy of the CAD system were lower than that of the experienced radiologist in assessing the nodules with diffusedly altered glands (specificity, 60.0% versus 81.7%, P = .007; accuracy, 77.5% versus 88.1%, P = .011). With CAD assistance, the training radiologist had improved sensitivity and accuracy that increased to 87.9% and 86.8% in classifying nodules with sonographically evident HT (both P = .012).ConclusionThe CAD system has comparable sensitivity, but lower specificity compared with the experienced radiologist in diagnosing thyroid malignancies concurrent with HT. For a radiologist with less experience, the CAD system can help improve the diagnostic performance by increasing sensitivity and accuracy in assessing thyroid nodules with diffusely altered parenchyma.
Hypoxic Threshold for Yellow Perch Embryonic Development
Authors: Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Miller Mackenzie , Dabrowski Konrad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of hypoxia on the embryonic development and larval survival of Yellow Perch were examined at three different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations: hypoxia (H) 3–4 mg/L, moderate-hypoxia (MH) 5 mg/L, and normoxia (N) 7–8 mg/L. Each DO concentration was tested in replicates of four within twelve 38-L aquaria, at temperatures of 16.8 ± 0.4°C. To examine the effects of DO on the incubation of Yellow Perch embryos, samples of fertilized eggs (1.58 ± 0.1 g, 631 eggs/g) were placed in twelve 38-L aquaria. The embryos were observed until hatching, or mortality. Significant differences were observed in embryonic survival and hatching among the three DO treatments. At 43 h after fertilization (haf, optic-cup stage), embryonic development in H-treatment groups was completely arrested, while the embryos of MH and N groups developed normally, possessing a distinct body trunk shape and optic caps at 43 haf. At 168 haf, all embryos were either developmentally arrested or dead in H treatment groups, while average percentage of live embryos in MH and N treatment groups was 12 ± 9.8% and 99 ± 0.4%, respectively. Heartbeat appeared at 72 haf in the N treatment groups, and about 96 haf in MH treatment groups. Heartbeat rate differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) between the N and MH groups (143 ± 10/min and 117 ± 17/min, respectively). Hatching rate in N groups (78.3 ± 8.6%) was significantly higher than that of MH groups (20.0 ± 8.7%), and there was no hatching observed in H groups. In the second experiment, 300 freshly hatched (72haf) larvae were stocked to each of the 12 aquaria to observe the effect of different oxygen concentrations (H, MH, and N) on survival for 5 d. We did not observe an effect on survival of the larvae. Overall, results indicate that hypoxic conditions below 3.5 mg/L (39% saturation at 16°C) have a profound negative effect on the development and survival of Yellow Perch embryos, while Yellow Perch larvae are capable of surviving this low-DO environment.
Molecular insights into α‐synuclein interaction with individual human core histones, linker histone, and dsDNA
Authors: Jos Sneha , Gogoi Hemanga , Prasad Thazhe Kootteri , Hurakadli Manjunath A. , Kamariah Neelagandan , Padmanabhan Balasundaram , Padavattan Sivaraman 
Published: August 2021

Abstractα‐Synuclein (αS) plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The αS nuclear role, its binding affinity and specificity to histones and dsDNA remains unknown. Here, we have measured the binding affinity () between αS wild‐type (wt) and PD‐specific αS S129‐phosphorylation mimicking (S129E) mutant with full‐length and flexible tail truncated individual core histones (H2a, H2b, H3, and H4), linker histone (H1), and carried out αS‐dsDNA interaction studies. This study revealed that αS(wt) interacts specifically with N‐terminal flexible tails of histone H3, H4, and flexible tails of H1. The αS(S129E) mutant recognizes histones similar to αS(wt) but binds with higher affinity. Intriguingly, αS(S129E) showed a binding affinity for control proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme), while no interaction was seen for αS(wt). Based on our above observation, we contemplate that the physio‐chemical properties of αS with S129‐phosphorylation has changed compared to αS(wt), resulting in interaction for other proteins, which is the basis for Lewy body formation. Besides, this study showed αS binding to dsDNA is weak and nonspecific. Overall, αS specificity for histone binding suggests that its nuclear role is possibly driven through histone interaction.
Periodic compensation of continuous‐time linear systems with norm‐bounded parametric uncertainties
Authors: Deshmukh Ankit , Ghosh Arun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article employs a recently proposed high frequency, continuous‐time periodic controller to compensate single‐input‐single‐output linear plants with norm‐bounded time‐varying uncertainties. To this end, the design of periodic controller is converted into designing a linear time‐invariant (LTI) controller for a single‐input‐two‐output equivalent uncertain system, following averaging technique. To represent this equivalent uncertain system into a standard form of linear uncertain systems, where uncertainties appear in system matrix A and input matrix B, the observer canonical form description of the original uncertain plant is exploited. Using the relationship between quadratic stability and ‐norm minimization result available in literature, it is proved that the presence of virtual output with the periodic feedback introduces a feedforward action on the disturbance input of the generalized plant, unlike an LTI one. By virtue of this, the proposed periodic controller can tolerate more uncertainty bound in the input matrix B than its LTI counterpart, while keeping the bound on system matrix A the same. Finally, a linear matrix inequality‐based method is used to design the periodic controller to achieve quadratic stability along with robust linear quadratic performance. Suitable examples are considered to show the superiority of the periodic control as compared to LTI ones.
NIR‐II Organic Nanotheranostics for Precision Oncotherapy
Authors: Dai Hanming , Wang Xiaorui , Shao Jinjun , Wang Wenjun , Mou Xiaozhou , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrecision oncotherapy can remove tumors without causing any apparent iatrogenic damage or irreversible side effects to normal tissues. Second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) nanotheranostics can simultaneously perform diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in a single nanoplatform, which exhibits prominent perspectives in tumor precision treatment. Among all NIR‐II nanotheranostics, NIR‐II organic nanotheranostics have shown an exceptional promise for translation in clinical tumor treatment than NIR‐II inorganic nanotheranostics in virtue of their good biocompatibility, excellent reproducibility, desirable excretion, and high biosafety. In this review, recent progress of NIR‐II organic nanotheranostics with the integration of tumor diagnosis and therapy is systematically summarized, focusing on the theranostic modes and performances. Furthermore, the current status quo, problems, and challenges are discussed, aiming to provide a certain guiding significance for the future development of NIR‐II organic nanotheranostics for precision oncotherapy.
Pedogenic Features
Authors: Verrecchia Eric P. , Trombino Luca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrom a historical point of view, soil micromorphology was first used in order to decipher the expressions of pedogenic processes at the microscale (Kubiëna 1938). In the preceding chapters, the Atlas listed a series of descriptive tools to help with the identification of objects. This chapter deals with specific pedofeatures encountered in a large diversity of soils and directly related to pedogenic processes. Pedological features (Brewer 1964) or pedofeatures (Bullock et al. 1985) are “discrete fabric units present in soil materials that are recognizable from an adjacent material by a difference in concentration in one or more components or by a difference in internal fabric” (Stoops 2003, 2021). In Stoops (2003, 2021), pedofeatures are subdivided into two categories: matrix pedofeatures and intrusive pedofeatures. Matrix pedofeatures can be subdivided according to their relationship with the groundmass (depletion, impregnative, and fabric pedofeatures) and to their morphology (hypocoatings, quasicoatings, matrix infilling, intercalation, and matrix nodules). Regarding the intrusive pedofeatures, they include coatings, infillings, crystals and crystal intergrowth, intercalations, and finally nodules. The proposed nomenclature of this chapter is based on the nature and morphology of the pedofeatures, simplified from Bullock et al. (1985).
Lessons Learned from Research on Student Evaluation of Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Uttl Bob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn higher education, anonymous student evaluation of teaching (SET) ratings are used to measure faculty’s teaching effectiveness and to make high-stakes decisions about hiring, firing, promotion, merit pay, and teaching awards. SET have many desirable properties: SET are quick and cheap to collect, SET means and standard deviations give aura of precision and scientific validity, and SET provide tangible seemingly objective numbers for both high-stake decisions and public accountability purposes. Unfortunately, SET as a measure of teaching effectiveness are fatally flawed. First, experts cannot agree what effective teaching is. They only agree that effective teaching ought to result in learning. Second, SET do not measure faculty’s teaching effectiveness as students do not learn more from more highly rated professors. Third, SET depend on many teaching effectiveness irrelevant factors (TEIFs) not attributable to the professor (e.g., students’ intelligence, students’ prior knowledge, class size, subject). Fourth, SET are influenced by student preference factors (SPFs) whose consideration violates human rights legislation (e.g., ethnicity, accent). Fifth, SET are easily manipulated by chocolates, course easiness, and other incentives. However, student ratings of professors can be used for very limited purposes such as formative feedback and raising alarm about ineffective teaching practices.
The Quality of Student Perception Questionnaires: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bijlsma Hannah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudent perceptions of teaching are promising for measuring the quality of teaching in primary and secondary education. However, generating valid and reliable measurements when using a student perception questionnaire (SPQ) is not self-evident. Many authors have pointed to issues that need to be taken into account when developing, selecting, and using an SPQ in order to generate valid and reliable scores. In this study, 22 SPQs that met the inclusion criteria used in the literature search were systematically evaluated by two reviewers. The reviewers were most positive about the theoretical basis of the SPQs and about the quality of the SPQ materials. According to their evaluation, most SPQs also had acceptable reliability and construct validity. However, norm information about the quality rating measures was often lacking and few sampling specifications were provided. Information about the features of the SPQs, if available, was also often not presented in an accessible way by the instrument developers (e.g., in a user manual), making it difficult for potential SPQ users to obtain an overview of the qualities of available SPQs in order to decide which SPQs best fit their own context and intended use. It is suggested to create an international database of SPQs and to develop a standardized evaluation framework to evaluate the SPQ qualities in order to provide potential users with the information they need to make a well-informed choice of an SPQ.
Understanding (Dis)Agreement in Student Ratings of Teaching and the Quality of the Learning Environment
Authors: Schweig Jonathan D. , Martínez José Felipe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudent surveys are increasingly being used to collect information about important aspects of learning environments. Research shows that aggregate indicators from these surveys (e.g., school or classroom averages) are reliable and correlate with important climate indicators and with student outcomes. However, we know less about whether within-classroom or within-school variation in student survey responses may contain additional information about the learning environment beyond that conveyed by average indicators. This question is important in light of mounting evidence that the educational experiences of different students and student groups can vary, even within the same school or classroom, in terms of opportunities for participation, teacher expectations, or the quantity and quality of teacher–student interactions, among others. In this chapter, we offer an overview of literature from different fields examining consensus for constructing average indicators, and consider it alongside the key assumptions and consequences of measurement models and analytic methods commonly used to summarize student survey reports of instruction and learning environments. We also consider recent empirical evidence that variation in student survey responses within classrooms can reflect systematically different experiences related to features of the school or classroom, instructional practices, student background, or a combination of these, and that these differences can predict variation in important academic and social-emotional outcomes. In the final section, we discuss the implications for evaluation, policy, equity, and instructional improvement.