bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMPA induced cognitive impairment in rats: Establishing the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, 4‐PBA
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankita , Bhardwaj Rishi , Sharma Shweta , Sharma Suresh Kumar , Dhawan Devinder Kumar , Kaur Tanzeer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlutamate excitotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) recently have been found to be instrumental in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the paucity of literature deciphering the inter‐linkage among glutamate receptors, behavioral alterations, and ER demands thorough exploration. Reckoning the aforesaid concerns, a prospective study was outlined to delineate the influence of ER stress inhibitionvia4‐phenylbutyric acid (PBA) on α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) excitotoxicity‐induced behavioral aspects and possible ER stress‐glutamate linkage. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups namely sham (surgical control+vehicle, group 1), AMPA‐induced excitotoxic group 2 receive a single intra‐hippocampal injection of 10 mM AMPA, group 3 received AMPA along with PBA (i.p, 100 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days, and group 4 received PBA alone. Behavioral analyses were performed prior to the sacrifice of animals and hippocampus was extracted thereafter for further analysis. AMPA‐induced excitotoxicity exhibited significant impairment of locomotion as well as cognitive functions. The levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, homo vanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine, and serotonin were reduced accompanied by reduced expression of GLUR1 and GLUR4 (glutamate receptor) as well as loss of neurons in different layers of hippocampus. ER stress markers were upregulated upon AMPA excitotoxicity. However, chemical chaperone PBA supplementation remarkably mitigated the behavioral alterations along with expression of glutamate and ER stress intermediates/markers in AMPA excitotoxic animals. Therefore, the present exploration convincingly emphasizes the significance of ER stress and its inhibitionviaPBA in combating cognitive impairment as well as improving locomotion in excitotoxic animals.
Preceptoring, proctoring, mentoring, and coaching in surgery
Authors: Sachdeva Ajit K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContemporary models of surgical education that are founded on sound educational theories and constructs need to be used across the continuum of professional development of surgeons starting with the first day of medical school, through surgery residency and fellowship training, to the last day of surgical practice. The highly learner‐centered and individually‐focused special interventions of preceptoring, proctoring, mentoring, and coaching should be linked to innovative competency‐based education models to address the educational needs of learners at all levels, and especially of surgeons in practice to continually improve their knowledge, skills, and performance, with the aspirational goal of achieving expertise and mastery. Each of these interventions is distinct with its own unique characteristics, applications, and anticipated impact, which must be clearly recognized for the interventions to be used most effectively. Broad acceptance and adoption of the aforementioned special interventions require recognition of the value each brings to the learner and the educational program. Professional organizations should play a key role in designing innovative educational programs that include these interventions, supporting their integration into surgical education and surgical practice, and influencing changes in the cultures in surgery to facilitate broad adoption of these interventions.
Development and validation of ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for quantitative determination of six compounds in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples
Authors: Li Bao Qiong , Li Xin Kang , Lin Yuan , Li Ze Ying , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Feng Na , Ma Ai‐Jun , Chen Chao Yang , Tan Lin Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA fast and simple ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of six analytes, namely (paeonol, coumarin, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin, and amygdalin) in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples. The influence of the key chromatographic parameters for the separation purposes was evaluated. The optimal column was Trefoil CEL1 column. The optimal mobile phase was a gradient mixture of carbon dioxide and methanol at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The back pressure of the system was set to 1.38 × 107 Pa and the temperature to 45°C. The six compounds were separated within 11 min by the proposed ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method with satisfactory resolution. Method validation confirmed that the procedure is accurate with the recovery rates from 87.04 to 104.30%, intraday precision values less than 4.81% and interday precision less than 5.22%, and linear with R2 higher than 0.9967. Therefore, this work provides a simple and novel method for the simultaneous analysis of six compounds in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples.
Prospective Evaluation of the Ultrasound Signs Proposed for the Description of Uterine Niche in Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Feldman Noa , Maymon Ron , Jauniaux Eric , Manoach Danielle , Mor Matan , Marczak Ewa , Melcer Yaakov 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the new ultrasound‐based signs for the diagnosis of post‐cesarean section uterine niche in nonpregnant women.MethodsWe investigated prospectively a cohort of 160 consecutive women with one previous term cesarean delivery (CD) between December 2019 and 2020. All women were separated into two subgroups according to different stages of labor at the time of their CD: subgroup A (n = 109; 68.1%) for elective CD and CD performed in latent labor at a cervical dilatation (≤4 cm) and subgroup B (n = 51; 31.9%); for CD performed during the active stage of labor (>4 cm).ResultsOverall, the incidence of a uterine niche was significantly (P < .001) higher in women who had an elective (20/45; 44.4%) compared with those who had an emergent (21/115; 18.3%) CD. Compared with subgroup B, subgroup A presented with a significantly (P = .012) higher incidence of uterine niche located above the vesicovaginal fold and with a significantly (P = .0002) lower proportion of cesarean scar positioned below the vesicovaginal fold. There was a significantly (P < .001) higher proportion of women with a residual myometrial thickness (RMT) > 3 mm in subgroup A than in subgroup B and a significant negative relationship was found between the RMT and the cervical dilatation at CD (r = −0.22; P = .008).ConclusionsSonographic cesarean section scar assessment indicates that the type of CD and the stage of labor at which the hysterotomy is performed have an impact on the location of the scar and the scarification process including the niche formation and RMT.
Science and Knowledge of Free‐Roaming Donkeys—A Critical Review
Authors: Clancy Cara L. , Kubasiewicz Laura M. , Raw Zoe , Cooke Fiona 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe emergence of free‐roaming donkey (Equus asinus) populations globally has brought novel challenges for conservationists, land managers, and those concerned about animal welfare. We provide a review of the scientific literature pertaining to the place and role of free‐roaming donkeys from 1950 until 2020. Using quantitative and qualitative techniques, namely categorical and thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis, to review >100 articles, we critically examine the logics and rationales that are used to either support or denounce donkey presence in particular landscapes and discuss their place and role in different ecological contexts. Free‐roaming donkeys are largely understudied and clouded by dichotomous points of view, different conservation agendas, and the presence of other species in donkey habitat. There is an important need for more in‐depth, site‐specific studies on free‐roaming donkeys that draw on tools and techniques from across the social and natural sciences. Such efforts would offer a richer, more holistic, and comprehensive picture of free‐roaming donkeys that consider both human and animal perspectives and the wider environment. This has important implications for generating long‐term sustainable management solutions for free‐roaming donkeys. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Evolution of systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Tsung‐Che , Shen Ying‐Chun , Cheng Ann‐Lii 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was considered an inherently refractory tumor in the chemotherapy era (1950–2000). However, systemic therapy has evolved to molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and nine treatment regimens have been approved worldwide during the past 20 years. The approved regimens target tumor angiogenesis or tumor immunity, the two cancer hallmarks. Recently, the combination of atezolizumab (antiprogrammed cell death ligand 1) and bevacizumab (anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor) has improved the efficacy of systemic therapy in treating advanced HCC without excessive toxicities or deterioration of quality of life. This review summarizes the major advances in systemic therapy and provides future perspectives on the next‐generation systemic therapy for advanced HCC.
Free Volumes and Grüneisen Parameters in Mixed‐Tacticity Polyhydroxybutyrates
Authors: Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Klotz Moritz , Haslböck Maria , Zollfrank Cordt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, nonlinear progressions of mechanical and thermal properties of mixed‐tacticity polyhydroxybutyrates have been discovered with their fraction of meso diads . Characteristic is traced by a measure of polymer chain segment length disturbance, due to the inclusion of S enantiomers in chains consisting otherwise of R monomers. In this article, the material compositions' thermal expansion coefficients are reported on as determined by X‐ray diffraction and connect the qualitative to their free volume fractions. Further, it is demonstrate that the previously determined Einstein oscillator modes correlate to Grüneisen parameters determined for a range of mixed‐tacticity polyhydroxybutyrates.
Investigation of flow velocity in recipient perforator artery for a reliable indicator for the flap transfer with perforator to perforator anastomosis
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Koshima Isao , Imai Hirofumi , Uchiki Toshio , Sasaki Ayano , Nagamatsu Shogo , Yokota Kazunori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn flap transfer with perforator to perforator anastomosis (FTPPA), encountering poor pulsation and blood flow in a recipient perforator intraoperatively often makes FTPPA impossible. This study sought to identify color and spectral Doppler ultrasonography (CSDUS) parameters that can aid reliable preoperative selection of a recipient perforator artery.Patients and MethodsThe study enrolled 38 patients with lower extremity lymphedema who underwent vascularized lymphatic tissue transfer with perforator to perforator anastomosis for physiological lymphatic flow reconstruction. In all cases, three candidate recipient perforators were searched in each lower extremities, and vessel diameter and peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) were measured. The inclusion criteria for candidates were a vessel diameter of >0.5 mm and a PSFV of >10 cm/s. These measures were compared with intraoperative findings, diameters and if there was pulsation and visible spurting evident.ResultsA total of 114 candidates were selected, and 52 of the candidates were dissected until suitable perforators were found. PSFV (cm/s) on CSDUS was ≥20.0 in 32 perforators (84.2%) and was 15.0–19.9 in 6 perforators (15.8%) in the group with pulsation and visible spurting evident, and 15.0–19.9 in one perforator (7.1%) and ≤ 14.9 in 13 perforators (92.9%) in the group without pulsation and visible spurting evident. There was a statistically significant correlation between preoperative PSFV and intraoperative pulsation and visible spurting evident after dissection (P = 0.021 × 10−3). The flap survival rate was 92.1%.ConclusionPSFV is an important preoperative determinant of the suitability of a recipient perforator artery for FTPPA.
Utility of radiomic zones for risk classification and clinical outcome predictions using supervised machine learning during simultaneous 11C‐choline PET/MRI acquisition in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Tu Shu‐Ju , Tran Vuong T. , Teo Jian M. , Chong Wen C. , Tseng Jing‐Ren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeIn most radiomic studies related to cancer research, the traditional tumor‐centric view has predominated. In this retrospective study, we go beyond the single‐tumor region and investigate the utility of proposed radiomic zones for risk classification and clinical outcome predictions using radiomic features extracted from 11C‐choline positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and supervised machine learning in prostate tumors.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐seven prostate tumors were selected and delineated. The prostate organ was divided into three radiomic zones, with zone‐1 being the metabolic tumor zone, zone‐2 the proximal peripheral tumor zone, and zone‐3 the extended peripheral tumor zone. LIFEx was used for PET‐radiomic feature extraction. Risk groups were created using Gleason scores (GS), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, clinical TNM staging, and progression‐free survival (PFS). Random forest (RF) and AdaBoost advanced machine learning algorithms were used for supervised machine learning. Accuracy, positive predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AreaROC), and other metrics were calculated for comparisons of predictive performance between zones.ResultsFor the GS risk classification group, the accuracies of risk classification predictions were 71%, 71%, and 67% using RF and 65%, 64%, and 63% using AdaBoost for zones −1, −2, and −3, respectively. For the PSA group, the accuracies of risk classification predictions were 74%, 65%, and 64% using RF and 76%, 66%, and 67% using AdaBoost for zones −1, −2, and −3, respectively. For the TNM group, the accuracies of risk classification predictions were 68%, 76%, and 78% using RF and 66%, 75%, and 80% using AdaBoost for zones −1, −2, and −3, respectively. For the PFS group, the accuracies of clinical outcome predictions were 77%, 75%, and 83% using RF and 77%, 74%, and 83% using AdaBoost in zones −1, −2, and −3, respectively.ConclusionsWe proposed three radiomic zones with different standard uptake value characteristics and created four risk groups of prostate cancer patients for testing this idea. We showed that these radiomic zones have different predicting strengths in classifying risk groups and might allow us to identify a radiomic zone with higher accuracy for patient outcome prediction.
Density functional theory calculations of copper‐doped rutile crystals: Local structural, electronic, optical, and electron paramagnetic resonance properties
Authors: Yu Xing‐Yuan , Wu Shao‐Yi , Shen Gao‐Qiang , Yan Li , Wei Zhang‐Ting , Li Xiao‐Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe local structural, electronic, optical, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties are uniformly studied for Cu2+‐doped rutile (TiO2) crystals by using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The local cation–oxygen bond lengths and planar bond angle, band gap, Mulliken charge and overlapping population, density of state (DOS), and UV–Vis absorption spectra are calculated for pure and copper‐doped rutile. The smaller overlapping population of Cu–O bonds in the doped system than Ti–O bonds in pure rutile reflects weaker orbital admixtures or covalency of the former. Compared with pure rutile, Cu2+ doping leads to significant redshift of the UV–Vis absorption band and the narrow impurity band in visible and near‐infrared regions arising from the Cu2+ d–d transitions and narrowing of the band gap by about 0.636 eV, possibly suggesting enhancement of visible light activity. The Cu dopant induces a spin magnetic moment of 0.74 μB for the doped rutile. The calculated UV–Vis absorption spectra and spin Hamiltonian parameters for copper‐doped rutile show reasonable agreement with the experimental data and some improvement related to the previous perturbation formula calculations. Present systematic studies would be helpful to understand the mechanisms of the enhancement in the optical and magnetic properties of this material with transition‐metal (especially Cu2+) dopants.
Outcomes of patients with schizophrenia who discontinued long‐acting injectable antipsychotic therapy due to adverse events: A chart review
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Hatano Masakazu , Iwata Nakao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimWe conducted a chart review to investigate the detailed outcomes of patients with schizophrenia who discontinued long‐acting injectable second‐generation antipsychotic (LAI‐SGA) therapy due to adverse events (AEs).MethodsThe study included patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders who commenced LAI‐SGA therapy between January/1//2009 and March/31/2020 at Fujita Health University Hospital in Toyoake, Japan.ResultsWe conducted a chart review of 157 patients with schizophrenia. At the time of this survey, 4 (6.9%), 5 (12.2%), and 10 (17.2%) of the patients in the aripiprazole once monthly, paliperidone palmitate, and risperidone‐LAI groups, respectively, discontinued due to AEs since the start of LAI‐SGA therapy. Three patients required hospitalization for AE treatment.ConclusionThe severity of these AEs in most patients is moderate (ie, no hospital treatment required). Due to the small sample size, a larger study is needed to confirm/replicate our study results.
Analysis of the parareal approach based on discontinuous Galerkin method for time‐dependent Stokes equations
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Miao Zhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes a parareal approach based on discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the time‐dependent Stokes equations. A class of primal discontinuous Galerkin methods, namely variations of interior penalty methods, are adopted for the spatial discretization in the parareal algorithm (we call it parareal DG algorithm). We study three discontinuous Galerkin methods for the time‐dependent Stokes equations, and the optimal continuous in time error estimates for the velocities and pressure are derived. Based on these error estimates, the proposed parareal DG algorithm is proved to be unconditionally stable and bounded by the error of discontinuous Galerkin discretization after a finite number of iterations. Finally, some numerical experiments are conducted which confirm our theoretical results, meanwhile, the efficiency of the parareal DG algorithm can be seen through a parallel experiment.
Thermodynamic and shear effects of ultrasonic vibration on the flow‐induced crystallization of polypropylene
Authors: Zou Dejian , Yu Tongmin , Duan Chunzheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn order to achieve optimal mechanical properties in injection‐molded parts, continuous ultrasonic vibration is applied to a mold cavity during the filling and solidification stages of injection molding. In this work, the effect of ultrasonic thermodynamics and ultrasonic shear on the condensed structure of the parts are studied. Thermocouple measurement results show that the increase in the temperature of the mold cavity surface caused by ultrasonic thermodynamics can reach up to 15°C; Molecular dynamics simulation results show that the molecular chain morphology under ultrasonic shear is more stretched during the melt flow process. Microscopic results show that with increasing ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time, the ultrasonic thermodynamic effect causes the thickness of the shear layer to increase. With increaseing ultrasonic power, the lamella thickness of the core layer increases, while the crystal size in the transition layer shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The ultrasonic shear causes the overall crystallinity and β crystal content of the parts to increase with increaseing the ultrasonic power. The crystallinity starts to decrease when the ultrasonic vibration is still applied at a melt temperature below 67°C during cooling. When the ultrasonic power is increased to 1000 W and the ultrasonic vibration time is applied for 30 s, β spherulites transform to β‐transcrystalline. The yield stress results show that when the ultrasonic vibration time is 0–20 s, the yield stress of the parts increases with the ultrasonic power; while when the ultrasonic time is increased to 30 s, the yield stress decreases.
Pediatric oncology infrastructure and workforce training needs: A report from the Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) Group
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saghir , Al‐Jadiry Mazin Faisal , Tarek Nidale , Zamzam Manal , Saab Raya , Trehan Amita , Rihani Rawad , AlRawas Abduhakim , Jeha Sima , Belgaumi Asim F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInadequate numbers of trained health care providers (HCPs) contribute to poor pediatric oncology (PO) outcomes, particularly in low‐ and lower middle–income countries (L/LMICs). An understanding of the characteristics of the workforce challenges is vital for addressing these problems.MethodsThe Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) Group surveyed PO centers in countries of North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, and Indian subcontinent on infrastructure and workforce capacity, service availability, and training opportunities for HCPs. Participating centers were categorized by the World Bank income levels for their countries and correlated with services, workload and staffing characteristics, and training needs.ResultsFifty of 82 member centers (61%) from 21 countries responded to the survey. Two hundred ninety‐nine pediatric oncologists and 1176 nurses treated 12 496 new PO patients/year, with a 1451‐bed utilization. The majority (71%) of new cases occurred in L/LMICs. The availability of HCPs correlated with country income level, as did pediatric subspecialty access, while availability of support services was unrelated. Twenty‐five centers in 11 countries offered PO fellowship training for physicians, whereas 13 PO nurse training centers in nine countries had the capacity to train 273 nurses annually. The survey respondents indicated that, among their existing workforce, an average of 3.5 physicians and 14 nurses per institution would benefit from additional PO training opportunities.ConclusionsThe participating centers exhibited intraregional heterogeneity in financial resources, infrastructure, workload, workforce, and medical services. Our findings provide insight into the disparities and regional resources available to POEM, which can be mobilized to rectify specific deficiencies.