bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐bacteria associations are phylogenetically structured in the phyllosphere
Authors: Lajoie Geneviève , Kembel Steven W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDetermining whether and how global change will lead to novel interactions between hosts and microbes is an important issue in ecology and evolution. Understanding the contribution of host and microbial ecologies and evolutionary histories in driving their contemporary associations is an important step towards addressing this challenge and predicting the fitness consequences of novel associations. Using shotgun metagenomic and amplicon sequencing of bacterial communities from the leaf surfaces (phyllosphere) of trees, we investigated how phylogenetic relatedness among hosts and among their associated bacteria influences the distribution of bacteria among hosts. We also evaluated whether the functional traits of trees and bacteria explained these associations across multiple host species. We show that phylogenetically similar hosts tended to associate with the same bacteria and that phylogenetically similar bacteria tended to associate with the same host species. Phylogenetic interactions between tree and bacterial taxa also explained variation in their associations. The effect of host and symbiont evolutionary histories on bacterial distribution across hosts were observed across phylogenetic scales, but prominently explained variation among higher taxonomic categories of hosts and symbionts. These results suggest that ecological variation arising early in the plant and bacterial phylogenies have been particularly important for driving their contemporary associations. Variation in bacterial functional genes associated with the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and compounds and with cell motility were notably important in explaining bacterial community turnover among gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. Overall, our results suggest an influence of host and bacterial traits and evolutionary histories in driving their contemporary associations.
Characterization of TseB: A new actor in cell wall elongation in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Delisle Jordan , Cordier Baptiste , Audebert Stéphane , Pophillat Matthieu , Cluzel Caroline , Espinosa Leon , Grangeasse Christophe , Galinier Anne , Doan Thierry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPenicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs) are crucial enzymes of peptidoglycan assembly and targets of β‐lactam antibiotics. However, little is known about their regulation. Recently, membrane proteins were shown to regulate the bifunctional transpeptidases/glycosyltransferases aPBPs in some bacteria. However, up to now, regulators of monofunctional transpeptidases bPBPs have yet to be revealed. Here, we propose that TseB could be such a PBP regulator. This membrane protein was previously found to suppress tetracycline sensitivity of a Bacillus subtilis strain deleted for ezrA, a gene encoding a regulator of septation ring formation. In this study, we show that TseB is required for B. subtilis normal cell shape, tseB mutant cells being shorter and wider than wild‐type cells. We observed that TseB interacts with PBP2A, a monofunctional transpeptidase. While TseB is not required for PBP2A activity, stability, and localization, we show that the overproduction of PBP2A is deleterious in the absence of TseB. In addition, we showed that TseB is necessary not only for efficient cell wall elongation during exponential phase but also during spore outgrowth, as it was also observed for PBP2A. Altogether, our results suggest that TseB is a new member of the elongasome that regulates PBP2A function during cell elongation and spore germination.
Emerging roles for the YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators in brain tumour pathology and targeting options
Authors: Strepkos Dimitrios , Markouli Mariam , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Piperi Christina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe transcriptional co‐activators Yes‐associated protein 1/transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (YAP/TAZ) have emerged as significant regulators of a wide variety of cellular and organ functions with impact in early embryonic development, especially during the expansion of the neural progenitor cell pool. YAP/TAZ signalling regulates organ size development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and angiogenesis by participating in a complex network of various pathways. However, recent evidence suggests an association of these physiologic regulatory effects of YAP/TAZ with pro‐oncogenic activities. Herein, we discuss the physiological functions of YAP/TAZ as well as the extensive network of signalling pathways that control their expression and activity, leading to brain tumour development and progression. Furthermore, we describe current targeting approaches and drug options including direct YAP/TAZ and YAP‐TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) interaction inhibitors, G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCR) signalling modulators and kinase inhibitors, which may be used to successfully attack YAP/TAZ‐dependent tumours.
Mapping and mining of major genomic regions conferring resistance to Bruchine (Callosobruchus maculatus) in blackgram (Vigna mungo)
Authors: Subramaniyan Ragul , Narayana Manivannan , Krishnamoorthy Iyanar , Natarajan Ganapathy , Gandhi Karthikeyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStorage pest bruchine is a major production limiting factor in blackgram. The present study was employed in a bi‐parental mapping population derived from a cross between susceptible (MDU 1) and resistant (TU68) genotypes. Phenotyping was carried out under an artificial bruchine screening procedure. QTL studies revealed three major QTLs responsible for the total number of adult emergence, percentage of seed damage and developmental time. The validation of identified QTLs was carried out on other mapping populations, namely, VBN 6 × TU 68 and VBN 8 × TU 68 through single marker analysis. It revealed that markers CEDG020 and CEDG302 can be used in the future bruchine resistance breeding programme. Genome mining on the QTL regions harbours several possible candidate genes related to defence response against herbivory insects, namely, serine/threonine protein kinase proteins, zinc finger family proteins, F‐box proteins, leucine‐rich repeats regions and some transcription factors and enzymes. The outcome of this study will be useful for bruchine resistance breeding programme.
Advances in omics technology for improving crop yield and stress resilience
Authors: Singh Roshan Kumar , Sood Priyanka , Prasad Ashish , Prasad Manoj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change has emerged as the utmost environmental threat for agriculture. To maintain a sustainable food supply, climate‐resilient high‐yielding crop plants need to be developed. Over the last decade, understanding the complexity of genotype underlying agronomic traits has prompted the integrated application of various omics tools to address specific biological questions. A multi‐parallel qualitative and quantitative differential analysis of gene transcripts, proteins and metabolites provides a comprehensive picture of the interconnected gene networks and cellular signalling cascade of regulatory and effector proteins. Genetic determinants of adaptation to environmental stress and yield enhancement traits are being determined and introgressed into elite accessions through either molecular breeding or genetic engineering approaches to obtain future crops with improved traits.
Generalized verrucosis in GATA2 deficiency successfully treated with systemic acitretin and trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Antoniali Daniela , Lugão Helena Barbosa , Elias Daniel , Bueno Filho Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeneralized verrucosis is a clinical manifestation of human papillomavirus infection. Patients with generalized verrucosis present with over 20 verrucae distributed over various anatomical sites. The disorder occurs in association with several genetic syndromes with immunodeficiency, including GATA2 deficiency. We report a 12‐year‐old boy with GATA2 deficiency and generalized verrucosis that worsened after cyclosporine use following bone marrow transplant. Systemic treatment with acitretin and topical application of trichloroacetic acid, likely along with immune reconstitution, led to complete remission.
Lichen striatus colocalized with a Spitz nevus
Authors: Rauck Corinne , Gudobba Cameron , Treat James R. , Rubin Adam I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old healthy girl presented with an 11‐month history of an asymptomatic red, dome‐shaped papule on her right medial elbow and 6‐month history of linearly distributed, few millimeter, flesh‐colored papules extending from and including the red papule. Histopathology demonstrated features of both a Spitz nevus and lichen striatus. The Spitz nevus was removed with a punch biopsy and the lichen striatus subsequently resolved. To our knowledge, co‐localization of a Spitz nevus with lichen striatus has not been previously reported and highlights the potential association between the immunogenicity of Spitz nevi and the development of lichen striatus.
Short anagen syndrome: A case series and algorithm for diagnosis
Authors: Starace Michela , Gurioli Carlotta , Carpanese Miriam Anna , Bruni Francesca , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Patrizi Annalisa , Alessandrini Aurora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a rare idiopathic pediatric disorder characterized by the short duration of the anagen phase. SAS mainly affects Caucasian children. Parents complain of their child's inability to grow long hair. Topical minoxidil may be an effective treatment for SAS; however, a slow spontaneous improvement is typical.ObjectiveOur aim was to collect data on out cases of SAS and create an algorithm to facilitate diagnosis of SAS.MethodsA retrospective review of 25 patients with SAS was performed within the Dermatology Department of the University of Bologna. We collected data regarding symptoms, pull test, hair card test, trichoscopy, trichogram, treatments, including biotin and minoxidil, and clinical outcome.ResultsCharacteristic findings included parental reporting that the hair had not required a haircut, hair card test showing hairs with conical‐shaped tips, and hair shafts of different diameters, with more 10%‐20% of hair shafts less than 60 μm thick on trichoscopy. Trichogram revealed an increased percentage of telogen hair with normal hair shafts and tapering ends. The mean anagen‐to‐telogen ratio was 66:34 (normal ratio 90:10).ConclusionWe developed an algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis of this rare hair disease using clinical examination and invasive and non‐invasive testing to differentiate SAS from other forms of pediatric alopecia. In conclusion, the collected data of the therapy showed that biotin alone or in combination with topical minoxidil is an effective treatment for SAS.
A systematic scoping review of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic health disparities in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Kuo Alyce , Silverberg Nanette , Fernandez Faith Esteban , Morgan Rebecca , Todd Patricia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesHealth disparities encompass a wide range of personal, societal, environmental, and system‐based factors that contribute to inequitable health and health outcomes in vulnerable patient populations. The goal of this work was to scientifically summarize the existing published North American research on disparity as it pertains to pediatric dermatology.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. A medical librarian performed electronic searches from multiple electronic databases from their dates of inception to March 2021. Title and abstracts were reviewed by authors, identifying articles for full review. Data on article characteristics and identified disparities were then extracted and collected in a spreadsheet.ResultsFifty‐one articles met final inclusion criteria, of which 25 highlighted disparities due to race/ethnicity, 13 highlighted disparities due to socioeconomic (SES), and 13 highlighted disparities due to both race/ethnicity and SES. The most frequent study designs were cross‐sectional or survey, followed by retrospective cohort. Only two were prospective cohort studies. Disparities reported included reduced access to care and medications, increased school absenteeism, reduced knowledge about skin care including sun protection, increased hospitalizations and emergency department visits, and severe and persistent disease in the setting of minority race and poverty, among other indicators.ConclusionsThere are few, scattered research studies addressing disparity in pediatric dermatology. Greater focus will be needed in the future to improve knowledge of sources of disparity and its detrimental effects on the health of children, to rectify the notable disparity under‐reporting of disparity research.
Diversity in pediatric dermatology: A report from the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance and a call to action
Authors: Davies Olivia M. T. , Benjamin Latanya , Gupta Deepti , Huang Jennifer T. , Rehmus Wingfield , Siegel Dawn H. , Siegel Michael P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) connects pediatric dermatologists, trainees, basic scientists, allied health professionals, and patient advocates to improve the lives of children with skin disease through research. As a training pipeline for future pediatric dermatologists and steward of research in the field, PeDRA has a responsibility to examine its history and take actionable steps to diversify its membership, grant recipients, study leads, research priorities, and leadership.MethodsIn 2020, PeDRA formed an Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Task Force to address this need. In an effort to assess PeDRA’s past and plan for PeDRA’s future, a review of PeDRA’s membership, leadership, grant awardees, and research topics was conducted.Results/ConclusionsResults demonstrated gaps in PeDRA’s current operational efforts to diversify the pediatric dermatology workforce and identified areas for improvement. Recommendations are proposed as a call to action for the community.
Objectively measured physical activity and academic performance in school‐aged youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study
Authors: Muntaner‐Mas Adrià , Martínez‐Gómez David , Castro‐ Piñero Jose , Fernandez‐Santos Jorge R , Salmon Jo , Veiga Óscar L , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene 
Published: August 2021

To examine the longitudinal relationships between objectively measured total volume and specific intensities of physical activity (PA) with academic performance in a large sample of youth aged 6‐18 years. A longitudinal study of 1046 youth (10.04 ± 3.10 years) from Spain was followed over 2 years. PA (volume and intensity) was measured by accelerometry. Academic performance was assessed through grades reported on the transcript at the end of the academic year (Mathematics, Language, an average of these two core subjects, and grade point average [GPA]). Longitudinal relationships between PA and four indicators of academic performance were examined using covariance and regression analyses, adjusted for a variety of confounders. Youth Quartile 2 for PA volume at baseline obtained better scores than those who participated in Quartiles 1 or 4 volumes of PA in GPA 2 years later (p = 0.006). There were generally no longitudinal associations between specific PA intensities and any of the academic performance indicators (all p > 0.170). However, a change in light PA over 2 years was inversely associated with three academic indicators in youth (βrange, ‐.103 to ‐ 090; all P < 040). Findings suggest that participants in Quartile 2 volume of PA had a better GPA in comparison with Quartiles 1 and 4 volumes of PA during youth, but there was no association with changes in PA volume over time. PA intensity was generally unrelated to academic performance during youth. However, there was an inverted u‐shape relationship between light PA changes and GPA.
How does immigration affect welfare support in Korea?
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explored the association between the perceived presence of immigrants and support for social spending in a non‐Western context, particularly Korea, so far relatively under‐researched. Using the Korean General Social Survey data, specifically, it analysed whether and how native Koreans' attitudes toward government spending on (each area of) social security are influenced by the perceived presence of immigrant populations in Korean society, and furthermore, whether the degree and direction of the relationship may depend not only on the type of social benefits, but also on the type of immigration, that is, whether the share of certain groups of immigrants in the population is perceived to be high or low. The results suggest that the association between (perceived) immigration and support for social spending exists in Korea, and its degree and direction differs when the types of social benefits and immigration are considered.
Do Source cues or frames matter? Convincing the public about the veracity of climate science
Authors: Gainous Jason , Payne Rodger A. , Merry Melissa K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveA significant portion ofthe American public does not accept the current overwhelming scientific consensus about the anthropogenic causality of climate change. This issue has been politicized and is now highly partisan. Because the military is the most trusted public institution in the United States, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the government agency with primary oversight of climate policy, we test whether source cues from these entities, as well as threat frames centered on either national security or the economy, influence the willingness of people to believe climate change is human‐caused.MethodsWe conduct a post‐test controlled experiment to test the comparative effects of varying both source cue and frame.ResultsWe find that the U.S. Military source cue generally produced a weaker belief that climate change is human‐caused, for both Democrats and Republicans, while the EPA had a more positive influence.ConclusionThe results suggest the limitations of national security framing and point to the importance of neutral, non‐partisan source cues, especially in appeals directed at Republicans.
Unmasking the American death penalty debate: Race, context, and citizens’ willingness to execute
Authors: Ramirez Mark D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch on public attitudes toward the death penalty has yet to systematically examine the role of race in the context of offense‐related attributes. This study uses a conjoint experiment randomly exposing a sample of 500 U.S. adults to different pairings of capital offenders to test the role of both offender and offense‐related attributes on beliefs about death penalty deservingness. The results show offense‐related factors play a significant role in who the public deems deserving of the death penalty, while the offender's race matters only for citizens holding prejudicial opinions towards Blacks or Latinos. Instrumental considerations typically outweigh racial considerations in death penalty judgments, although perceptions of those factors might be racialized as well. The results point to a potential disjuncture between the desires of citizens and the implementation of the death penalty.
Fluvial inverse modeling for inferring the timing of Quaternary uplift in the Simbruini range (Central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Delchiaro Michele , Fioramonti Veronica , Della Seta Marta , Cavinato Gian Paolo , Mattei Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe timing of Quaternary uplift evolution of the Simbruini range (Central Apennines, Italy) is poorly known due to the lack of reliable chronological constraints of the post‐orogenic continental clastic units, deposited after the upper Messinian thrust‐top facies, and tectonic events. In this regard, we identified the main geomorphic markers, including several levels of continental units, whose plano‐altimetric projection along the river longitudinal profile has been correlated with the main non‐lithological knickpoints. Furthermore, we inferred the uplift history of the range by applying the inverse modeling of the river longitudinal profiles. Assuming a block uplift model, the drainage network cutting the Simbruini range recorded 2.4 ± 0.5 Ma of tectonic history, characterized by variable base‐level fall rates (corresponding to variable uplift rates).
Environmental benefit gain from exporting: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Trang My 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale trade reforms in developing countries over the past decades, while boosting economic growth, have raised concerns about deteriorating environmental quality. This paper examines whether participating in export markets affects a firm's energy and emission intensity. Using Vietnamese manufacturing firm‐level data over the period 2009–2014, this study finds that upon entering into the export markets, firms reduce their energy intensity by 27%. Furthermore, along with this energy efficiency gain, there is a decrease in emission intensity by roughly 31%–32%. Moreover, these reductions persist in subsequent periods. A possible mechanism for this is that strict requirements for product quality from buyers in high‐income regions drive firms to use higher‐quality inputs and/or invest in cleaner technology.
ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn: Improved prediction by novel integration of causative and protective factors in newborn and mother
Authors: Krog Grethe Risum , Lorenzen Henriette , Clausen Frederik Banch , Hansen Anne Todsen , Donneborg Mette Line , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrediction of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by maternal anti‐A/‐B enables timely therapy, thereby preventing the development of kernicterus spectrum disorder. However, previous efforts to establish accurate prediction methods have been only modestly successful.Materials and MethodsIn a case–control study, we examined 76 samples from mothers and 76 samples from their newborns; 38 with and 38 without haemolysis. The IgG subclass profile of maternal anti‐A and anti‐B was determined by flow cytometry. Samples from newborns were genetically analysed for the A2 subgroup, secretor and FcγRIIa receptor alleles.ResultsSurprisingly, we found a correlation between the newborn secretor allele and haemolysis (p = 0.034). No correlation was found for FcγRIIa alleles. The A2 subgroup was found only in newborns without haemolysis. Unexpectedly, different reaction patterns were found for maternal anti‐A and anti‐B; consequently, the results were treated separately. For the prediction of haemolysis in A‐newborns, the maternal IgG1 subclass determination resulted in an accuracy of 83% at birth. For B‐newborns, an accuracy of 91% was achieved by the maternal IgG2 subclass determination.ConclusionWe improved the prediction of ABO‐HDFN by characterizing maternal anti‐A and anti‐B by flow cytometry and we presented genetic traits in newborns with correlation to haemolysis. We propose a new understanding of A‐ and B‐substances as immunogens that enhance the maternal immune response and protect the newborn, and we suggest that the development of ABO‐HDFN is different when caused by maternal anti‐A compared to maternal anti‐B.