bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socket seal surgery techniques in the esthetic zone: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: López-Pacheco Andrea , Soto-Peñaloza David , Gómez Mayra , Peñarrocha-Oltra David , Alarcón Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe socket seal surgery (SSS) technique is a common alternative for the management of the post-extraction sockets that requires a primary closure of the wound to promote proper regeneration and ridge preservation.ObjectiveTo learn about the effect of different SSS techniques on alveolar ridge preservationMaterial and methodsTwo independent and calibrated reviewers conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science for randomized clinical trials (RCT) published up to June 2020. The evaluation of the risk of bias in the included studies was carried out following the Cochrane manual for interventions of systematic reviews, version 5.1.0. A meta-analysis of ridge width changes at − 1, − 3, and − 5 mm cutoff points from bone crest was conducted using a random-effects model. The risk of types I and II errors against accrued data was appraised obtaining the required information size using a trial sequential analysis package (TSA).ResultsA total of 135 sockets located in the esthetic zone were evaluated with a minimum of a 3-month follow-up after tooth extraction in 6 RCTs. The evaluated SSS techniques were free gingival graft (FGG), collagen matrix (CM), collagen sponge (CS), acellular dermal matrix (ADM), and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFEm). The FGG in sockets without bone filling showed significant results in preserving both buccal and lingual bone height (− 1.42 mm in the experimental group versus − 0.01 in the control group). The comparison of CM and FGG with bone filling did not show clinical differences in terms of dimensional bone changes. No clinical differences were found in either width or gingival thickness when comparing CM and CS. The meta-analyses of RW changes comparing CM versus FGG showed no significant differences, but a trend for lessening horizontal reduction at − 1, − 3, and − 5 mm in favor of FGG. The TSA showed that accrued data did not reach the required information size, and more evidence is required for clinical significance inferences.ConclusionsThere are several predictable SSS techniques to improve clinical results in ridge preservation. More clinical studies in the form of clinical trials are required to demonstrate the superiority of one technique over another.
Hydrocephalus with lateral ventricular lesions: case series and review of literature
Authors: Alselisly Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Ashry Ahmed Hamdy , Mahmoud Ayman Tarek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLateral ventricular lesions associated with hydrocephalus are considered a challenge to neurosurgeons. Hydrocephalus after surgery of such lesions and its pathogenesis and how to deal with it is a big question facing neurosurgeons.ObjectivesIn this study, we tried to discuss the pathogenesis and different forms of presentation of hydrocephalus in lateral ventricular lesions and how to deal with it.MethodsEleven patients with lateral ventricular lesions associated with hydrocephalus either preoperative or postoperative presenting to our hospital were managed by excision of the lesion. A prospective study was done for these cases including their clinical data, radiological data, the presence, or absence of hydrocephalus either preoperative or postoperative and how we managed it.ResultsThis study included 11 cases. The mean patient age at surgery was 25 years old. Nine cases were presented with radiological signs of hydrocephalus preoperatively. Two cases developed new onset hydrocephalus after lesion excision. Six cases ended with permanent CSF diversion.ConclusionManagement of cases with lateral ventricular lesions does not stand on only excision of the lesion. Hydrocephalus should be kept into consideration perioperatively. We should try to avoid events that could lead to ventriculitis. Prolonged follow-up of the patients postoperative is very important as hydrocephalus may develop later after surgery.
Educational Assortative Mating in Sub-Saharan Africa: Compositional Changes and Implications for Household Wealth Inequality
Authors: Pesando Luca Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undergoing rapid transformations in the realm of union formation in tandem with significant educational expansion and rising labor force participation rates. Concurrently, the region remains the least developed and most unequal along multiple dimensions of human and social development. In spite of this unique scenario, never has the social stratification literature examined patterns and implications of educational assortative mating for inequality in SSA. Using 126 Demographic and Health Surveys from 39 SSA countries between 1986 and 2016, this study is the first to document changing patterns of educational assortative mating by marriage cohort, subregion, and household location of residence and relate them to prevailing sociological theories on mating and development. Results show that net of shifts in educational distributions, mating has increased over marriage cohorts in all subregions except for Southern Africa, with increases driven mostly by rural areas. Trends in rural areas align with the status attainment hypothesis, whereas trends in urban areas are consistent with the inverted U-curve framework and the increasing applicability of the general openness hypothesis. The inequality analysis conducted through a combination of variance decomposition and counterfactual approaches reveals that mating accounts for a nonnegligible share (3% to 12%) of the cohort-specific inequality in household wealth, yet changes in mating over time hardly move time trends in wealth inequality, which is in line with findings from high-income societies.
Association of proangiogenic and profibrotic serum markers with lung function and quality of life in sarcoidosis
Authors: Biener L. , Kruse J. , Tuleta I. , Pizarro C. , Kreuter M. , Birring S. S. , Nickenig G. , Skowasch D. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory granulomatous disease, frequently affecting the lung. If left untreated, it may end in lung fibrosis. Proangiogenic and profibrotic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB are a known therapeutical target in pulmonary fibrosing diseases, e.g. IPF, but there is no targeted therapy option for pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis.

Objectives
The aim of our study was to determine the association of these markers’ serum levels on lung function and the patients’ quality of life in a long-term follow-up of sarcoidosis patients, to provide further information for finding targeted therapy options for pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Methods
54 patients with sarcoidosis underwent blood sampling, pulmonary function testing and answered the King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire at baseline and at three-years follow-up. Serum levels of profibrotic and angiogenic markers were assessed at baseline by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Between 2015 and 2018, 54 patients with biopsy proven sarcoidosis were enrolled. Throughout the observation period, there was a significant decrease in the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) [%] (-6.5504 ± 13,39, p = 0.001) and forced expiratory volume in one second predicted (FEV1) [%] (-6.07 ± 12.09, p = 0.001). Patients with greater impairment of forced vital capacity (FVC) did have significantly higher serum levels of VEGF (p = 0.03) and PDGF-AB (p<0.001). The K-BILD questionnaire did not change significantly during follow-up. However, patients with worsening K-BILD scores did have significantly higher serum-levels of PDGF-AB (2.67 pg/ml ± 0.93 vs. 1.88 pg/ml ± 0.60, p = 0.004) at baseline, compared to those with unchanged or increasing K-BILD scores.

Conclusions
Among patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, baseline serum levels of VEGF and PDGF-AB were associated with pulmonary function impairment. Furthermore, PDGF-AB was associated with worsening K-BILD scores. No such association was observed for FGF-2 and TGF-ß1. VEGF and PDGF-AB may be possible prognostic and therapeutic targets in sarcoidosis as a fibrosing ILD beyond IPF.
Implementing a new clinical pathway in a non-receptive context: Mixed methods evaluation of a new fracture pathway for older people in a hospital Trust in the West Midlands, UK
Authors: Combes Gill , Owen Gareth , Damery Sarah , Flanagan Sarah , Brown Celia , Currie Graeme 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis paper reports a mixed methods evaluation of a new pathway to improve clinical outcomes for older people with fractures treated at a hospital Trust in the West Midlands, UK. The paper focuses specifically on the context surrounding the translation of the new pathway into practice and the way that external and internal factors influenced its adaptation and implementation.MethodsQuantitative analysis used a controlled Interrupted Time Series (ITS) to estimate the effect of the new pathway on patient complication rate, median length of hospital stay and 30-day mortality by comparing the pre- and post-intervention periods. ITS data were extracted from the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database and a patient-level control group identified using propensity score matching. Parallel qualitative analysis aimed to examine the context surrounding the new pathway and how external and internal factors might influence its adaption and implementation into clinical practice. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews (n = 16) undertaken with staff and clinical stakeholders within the Trust and were analysed using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation) model of behaviour.ResultsNo statistically significant effects were found for any of the patient outcomes studied in the controlled ITS analysis. Qualitative data suggest that the lack of effectiveness of the new initiative can be explained with reference to the capability, opportunity and motivation of internal Trust stakeholders to engage with the pathway, which created a non-receptive environment within the Trust.ConclusionsSuccessfully implementing new care pathways in environments that may be non-receptive to change requires efforts to be put into winning ‘hearts and minds’ within the organisation to ensure engagement from key stakeholders during intervention development. Evidence must be provided internally of the way that a given intervention will alleviate the problematic issues being experienced within the organisation, and external dissemination of results should be avoided until there is evidence of a positive effect within the organisation where the new care pathway is first implemented.
Low contraceptive utilization among young married women is associated with perceived social norms and belief in contraceptive myths in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Dingeta Tariku , Oljira Lemessa , Worku Alemayehu , Berhane Yemane 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Despite the increasingly wider availability of contraceptives and the high levels of unmet need for family planning in rural Ethiopia, contraceptive utilization among young married women is low. Studies on associated factors in Ethiopia so far have been focused on individual factors with little emphasis on socio-cultural factors. This study aimed to assess the association between contraceptive utilization and socio-cultural factors among young married women in Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based survey was conducted among young married women aged 14–24 years. A total of 3039 women were interviewed by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) was used to identify factors associated with contraceptive utilization using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
The current contraceptive prevalence rate was 14.1% (95% CI: 12.8–15.5). Perceived social approval (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.60–2.30) and perception of friends’ contraceptive practice (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.20–1.54) were significantly and positively associated with contraceptive utilization. On the contrary, increased score of belief in contraceptive myths was significantly and negatively associated with contraceptive use (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.49–0.73). Moreover, recent exposure to family planning information (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.22–2.28), ever-mother (AOR = 9.68; 95% CI: 4.47–20.90), and secondary and above education level (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.38–2.70) were significantly associated with higher odds of contraceptive utilization.

Conclusion
Only about one-in-seven young married women were using contraceptive methods. Socio-cultural factors significantly influence young married women’s contraceptive utilization. Interventions to address social norms and pervasive myths and misconceptions could increase the use of contraceptive methods in young married women.
Genetic variation in surfactant protein-A2 alters responses to ozone
Authors: Pederson William P. , Cyphert-Daly Jaime M. , Tighe Robert M. , Que Loretta G. , Ledford Julie G. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIncreased exposure to Ozone (O3) is associated with adverse health effects in individuals afflicted with respiratory diseases. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A), encoded bySP-A1andSP-A2, is the largest protein component in pulmonary surfactant and is functionally impaired by O3-oxidation.ObjectiveWe used humanized SP-A2 transgenic mice with allelic variation corresponding to a glutamine (Q) to lysine (K) amino acid substitution at position 223 in the lectin domain to determine the impact of this genetic variation in regards to O3exposure.MethodsMice were exposed to 2ppm O3or Filtered Air (FA) for 3 hours and 24 hrs post-challenge pulmonary function tests and other parameters associated with inflammation were assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue. Additionally, mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured and TEER measurements recorded for each genotype to determine baseline epithelial integrity.ResultsCompared to FA, O3exposure led to significantly increased sensitivity to methacholine challenge in all groups of mice. SP-A2 223Q variant mice were significantly protected from O3-induced AHR compared to SP-A-/-and SP-A2 223K mice. Neutrophilia was observed in all genotypes of mice post O3-exposure, however, SP-A2 223Q mice had a significantly lower percentage of neutrophils compared to SP-A-/-mice. Albumin levels in BAL were unchanged in O3-exposed SP-A2 223Q mice compared to their FA controls, while levels were significantly increased in all other genotypes of O3-exposed mice. SP-A 223Q MTECS has significant higher TEER values than all other genotypes, and WT MTECS has significantly higher TEER than the SP-A KO and SP-A 223K MTECS.SignificanceTaken together, our study suggests that expression of a glutamine (Q) as position 223 in SP-A2, as opposed to expression of lysine (K), is more protective in acute exposures to ozone and results in attenuated O3-induced AHR, neutrophilia, and vascular permeability.
COVID-19 and Caution for Historians: Views from a Place in West Africa
Authors: Konadu Kwasi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using the West African nation of Ghana as an angle to size up the moving target of COVID-19, I want to suggest some dangers in how we approach the pandemic in the lives of West Africans and in the broader African world. Covid-19 is both global and local, and so our perspectives must be attentive to global patterns and local consequences and responses. In tandem, these form the base ingredients for any future history of Covid-19 in African societies as well as around the global, for Africans are amongst the most mobile, most globalizing of all peoples.
Dakwah Gus Miftah dalam Bingkai Media Daring
Authors: Pujiantara Putra 
Published: February 2021

This article explores the mass media's framing of the preaching of Miftah Maulana Habiburrahman or better known as Gus Miftah who is considered different by the public because he preaches in a club and a nightclub. This has attracted the attention of several parties such as the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) and some politicians. The focus of this research is to uncover and compare Gus Miftah's coverage by Detik.com and JPNN.com in the framework of Robert N. Entman's framing analysis and qualitative approaches. The results of this study indicate that the two media are framing different news. Detik.com looks more neutral by presenting Gus Miftah's missionary journey and some pro and contra responses. Meanwhile, JPNN.com featured many parties who disagreed with Gus Miftah's preaching that was carried out in nightclubs.Tulisan ini meneroka pembingkaian media massa atas dakwah Miftah Maulana Habiburrahman atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sapaan Gus Miftah yang dianggap berbeda oleh khalayak karena berdakwah di sebuah klub dan tempat hiburan malam. Hal ini mengundang perhatian beberapa pihak seperti Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan beberapa kalangan politisi. Fokus penelitian ini menyingkap dan membandingkan pemberitaan Gus Miftah yang dilakukan oleh Detik.com dan JPNN.com dalam kerangka analisis framing Robert N. Entman dan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua media tersebut melakukan pembingkaian berita yang berbeda. Detik.com terlihat lebih netral dengan menampilkan perjalanan dakwah Gus Miftah dan beberapa tanggapan yang pro dan yang kontra. Sementara itu, JPNN.com banyak menampilkan pihak-pihak yang tidak setuju dengan dakwah gaya Gus Miftah yang dilakukan di tempat hiburan malam.
Risk Management in the System of Tourist Business Control
Authors: TSAPOVA Olga Alexandrovna , KADOCHNIKOVA Valeriia Petrovna , KENDYUKH Yevgeniy Ivanovich , GORKOVENKO Lyudmila Alexandrovna , SHARIPOV Ruslan Maratovich , SAULIUS Nefas 
Published: February 2021

Any business is at risk, however, tourism business is the most risky, because it differs in latitude, cause of occurrence and other indicators, and all this accumulates into possible negative results which come after they occur.
Risk management is a planned process in which organizations manage active crises. A crisis is defined as a time of difficulties or danger, and usually this is the time when you need to make difficult or dangerous decisions. By having a plan that describes the crisis management process, organizations can more easily adapt to the crisis.
ConnectIt
Authors: Dhulipala Laxman , Hong Changwan , Shun Julian 
Published: February 2021

Connected components is a fundamental kernel in graph applications. The fastest existing multicore algorithms for solving graph connectivity are based on some form of edge sampling and/or linking and compressing trees. However, many combinations of these design choices have been left unexplored. In this paper, we design the ConnectIt framework, which provides different sampling strategies as well as various tree linking and compression schemes. ConnectIt enables us to obtain several hundred new variants of connectivity algorithms, most of which extend to computing spanning forest. In addition to static graphs, we also extend ConnectIt to support mixes of insertions and connectivity queries in the concurrent setting.
We present an experimental evaluation of ConnectIt on a 72-core machine, which we believe is the most comprehensive evaluation of parallel connectivity algorithms to date. Compared to a collection of state-of-the-art static multicore algorithms, we obtain an average speedup of 12.4x (2.36x average speedup over the fastest existing implementation for each graph). Using ConnectIt, we are able to compute connectivity on the largest publicly-available graph (with over 3.5 billion vertices and 128 billion edges) in under 10 seconds using a 72-core machine, providing a 3.1x speedup over the fastest existing connectivity result for this graph, in any computational setting. For our incremental algorithms, we show that our algorithms can ingest graph updates at up to several billion edges per second. To guide the user in selecting the best variants in ConnectIt for different situations, we provide a detailed analysis of the different strategies. Finally, we show how the techniques in ConnectIt can be used to speed up two important graph applications: approximate minimum spanning forest and SCAN clustering.
Generalized almost even-Clifford manifolds and their twistor spaces
Authors: Hernández-Moguel Luis Fernando , Herrera Rafael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the recent interest in even-Clifford structures and in generalized complex and quaternionic geometries, we introduce the notion of generalized almost even-Clifford structure. We generalize the Arizmendi-Hadfield twistor space construction on even-Clifford manifolds to this setting and show that such a twistor space admits a generalized complex structure under certain conditions.
Design and development of rigid coaxial line based variable stub tuner
Authors: Jain Abhinav , Yadav Rana Pratap 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel design of rigid coaxial line based variable stub tuner. It incorporates controlled drive for the movement of shorting ring along the length of the stub inside the coaxial line. The ring is housed inside stub through linear slot over the coaxial conductor. Inbuilt slot at outer conductor of coaxial line introduces undesirable discontinuity which deteriorates the performance of the stub. It needs to be compensated to get the desirable performance of tuner. The effect of discontinuity has been analyzed using circuit modelling and compensated in design itself for the desired performance. The compensated tuner has been fabricated and tested where test results are found as return loss better than 25 dB and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in between 1.1 and 1.9 in the frequency range of 80–850 MHz. The presented work is useful for the development of high power stub tuner in the range of High Frequency (HF), Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) which is an interest of wide spread applications in areas of communication, defence, satellite, radar, tokamak etc.