bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal cases with rare RIT1 variants causing severe fetal hydrops and death
Authors: Miceikaite Ieva , Bak Geske Sidsel , Larsen Martin Jakob , Kristiansen Britta Schlott , Torring Pernille Mathiesen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe two clinical prenatal cases with rare de novo RIT1 variants, which showed more severe clinical manifestations than other Noonan Syndrome genotypes, resulting in fetal death. Extra attention is recommended when these variants are detected.
The Promotional Effect of Sulfates on TiO2 Supported Pt‐WOx Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , Jia Hongyan , Guo Yong , Wang Yangang , Liu Xiaohui , Xia Qineng , Li Xi , Wang Yanqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPt‐WOx based catalysts were widely investigated and showed high industrial application potential for glycerol hydrogenolysis. Further improving the catalytic activity and stability of the Pt‐WOx based catalysts is important. Herein, we modified the TiO2 supported Pt‐WOx catalyst with sulfate doping and employed for the glycerol hydrogenolysis. The introduction of sulfates dramatically promoted the catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/W/Ti catalyst in glycerol hydrogenolysis. Sulfates‐doped Pt/W−S/Ti achieved 100 % conversion of glycerol, with 36 % selectivity to 1,3‐PDO and 57 % selectivity to n‐PO at 120 °C and 4 MPa, while the conversion over Pt/W/Ti only reached 57 %. Moreover, Pt/W−S/Ti offered 22.5 times more glycerol conversion (90 %) than Pt/W/Ti (4 %) for the second run. The much higher activity of the Pt/W−S/Ti was ascribed to the better dispersion of Pt and WOx species and more Brønsted acid amount. The enhanced stability of Pt/W−S/Ti was attributed to its strong anti‐leaching ability after sulfate doping.
Combined Chemical Modification and Collision Induced Unfolding Using Native Ion Mobility‐Mass Spectrometry Provides Insights into Protein Gas‐Phase Structure
Authors: Al‐jabiry Asia , Palmer Martin , Langridge James , Bellamy‐Carter Jeddidiah , Robinson David , Oldham Neil J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNative mass spectrometry is now an important tool in structural biology. Thus, the nature of higher protein structure in the vacuum of the mass spectrometer is an area of significant interest. One of the major goals in the study of gas‐phase protein structure is to elucidate the stabilising role of interactions at the level of individual amino acid residues. A strategy combining protein chemical modification together with collision induced unfolding (CIU) was developed and employed to probe the structure of compact protein ions produced by native electrospray ionisation. Tractable chemical modification was used to alter the properties of amino acid residues, and ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) utilised to monitor the extent of unfolding as a function of modification. From these data the importance of specific intramolecular interactions for the stability of compact gas‐phase protein structure can be inferred. Using this approach, and aided by molecular dynamics simulations, an important stabilising interaction between K6 and H68 in the protein ubiquitin was identified, as was a contact between the N‐terminus and E22 in a ubiquitin binding protein UBA2.
PROTOCOL: Social interventions to improve well‐being of people with mental disorders: Global evidence and gap map
Authors: Dsouza Sherize M. , Saran Ashrita , Krishnan Jisha B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Mental illnesses play a role in poor health outcomes. Mental health is just as vital as physical health for an individual's total well‐being. Alterations in mental health can have a significant impact on all aspects of life, including school or work performance, relationships with family and friends, and community participation. As a result, we would like to provide an overview of psychosocial interventions that are available to improve the well‐being of people with mental health conditions and map available studies on the effectiveness of interventions provided in framework.Methods: This Evidence Gap Map will feature systematic reviews of the effects of interventions and effectiveness studies that used either: (a) randomised experimental design, or (b) rigorous quasi‐experimental design, (c) natural experiments, (d) regression discontinuity, (e) propensity score matching, (f) difference in difference, (g) instrumental variables, (h) and other matching design, (I) Single subject design. We will include qualitative studies, relevant working papers will also be included.Also, language restricted to english from any country will be reviewed for inclusion. Electronic Search will be conducted with the help of a relevant databases in our area of study.Outcomes: Will be focused mainly on the basis of community‐based Rehabilitation matrix adapted from the comprehensive mental health action plan, 2013‐2020.
Surface Chemistry at the Solid‐Solid Interface; Selectivity and Activity in Mechanochemical Reactions on Surfaces
Authors: Rana Resham , Bavisotto Robert , Hou Kaiming , Hopper Nicholas , Tysoe Wilfred T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper summarizes the concepts that underpin the way in which forces exerted on chemical systems can either accelerate their rates or induce reaction pathways that cannot be accessed thermally. This was first described in 1935 by Evans and Polanyi who showed how hydrostatic pressure could accelerate the rates of chemical reactions using a thermodynamic analysis of transition‐state theory to demonstrate that the reaction rate increased exponentially with pressure, and depends on a so‐called activation volume. This is typically ∼17 Å3/molecule and indicates that pressures on the order of GPa′s are required to accelerate the rates of chemical reactions, which commonly occur at solid‐solid interfaces such as found in a ball mill. We describe how surface mechanochemical reaction mechanisms are studied using the example of the shear‐induced decomposition of carboxylates on copper. They thermally decompose on heating to ∼650 K to evolve carbon dioxide and deposit a hydrocarbon on the surface but shear stresses accelerate the rate of this process so that it occurs at room temperature. However, it is also found that forces parallel to the COO plane induce a non‐thermal reaction pathway to evolve carbon monoxide and adsorbed oxygen on the surface. This reaction pathway can be quenched by using adsorbed benzoate species because the larger area of the aryl ring accentuates the tilt of the COO plane towards the surface to increase the rate of the thermal reaction.
Context‐awaretext classification system to improve the quality of text: A detailed investigation and techniques
Authors: Saleem Zeeshan , Alhudhaif Adi , Qureshi Kashif Naseer , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: July 2021

SummaryText classification is one of the most important tasks to extract information from the Internet and identifying the best text representation settings. With the increase of data volume on the world wide web, the significance of text classification increases. This situation requires huge human efforts to understand and classify the digital data available on the Internet. Text classification is classifying the number of text files into different classes. The data or text available on the Internet is in an unstructured form which increases the difficulty to understand and classify it for useful purposes. This paper proposes a context‐aware text classification system to improve text quality. We use a content‐aware recommendation system to extract the data from well‐known news databases. Text preprocessing techniques like tokenization, stemming, and stop words removal are studied in detail. Furthermore, unigram, bigram, and trigram attributes are also being tested. Attribute selection methods are also examined and their impact on the text classification results. To carry out a detailed investigation, 11 versions are created of each dataset to save the time in experimentation process and applied the different preprocessing techniques to understand the impact of each technique on classification results. The proposed system is compared with the existing approach to check the accuracy where the proposed system achieved better performance.
Clinical significance and cytological detection of tracheal puncture following thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: A retrospective study
Authors: Tanaka Aki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Higuchi Miyoko , Kanematsu Risa , Yamao Naoki , Kuma Seiji , Hayashi Toshitetsu , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no detailed reports on tracheal puncture after thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to discuss the cytological differential diagnoses of tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA and clarify its clinical significance.MethodsTracheal puncture was defined as aspiration of tracheal components, including ciliated cells, chondrocytes, and goblet cells. A history of air suction or cough during aspiration was also considered tracheal puncture. Among the 18,480 nodules from 13,813 patients that underwent thyroid FNA, 70 (0.38%) nodules with tracheal puncture were retrospectively examined. Eleven thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) and seven bronchial cysts that could exhibit ciliated cells were included in the study to compare the cytological findings.ResultsSixty‐six (94.3%) nodules had no clinical evidence of complications during and after FNA. Of the nodules with tracheal puncture, 64.3%, 48.6%, and 51.4% nodules were <1.0 cm in size, located in the isthmus, and associated with calcification. Cytological examination showed that chondrocytes and ciliated cells were present in 94.3% and 32.9% nodules, respectively. Ciliated cells seen in nodules with tracheal puncture and TGDCs were non‐degenerative, whereas those in bronchial cysts were degenerative.ConclusionTracheal puncture after thyroid FNA is rarely noticed clinically, does not cause serious conditions, and spontaneously resolves. This complication more likely occurs in small‐calcified nodules in the isthmus. Chondrocytes are more reliable diagnostic clues than ciliated cells to indicate tracheal puncture cytologically.
Interaction of temperature, salinity and extracellular polymeric substances controls trace element incorporation into tufa calcite
Authors: Rogerson Mike , Pedley H. Martyn , Greenway Gillian M. , Wadhawan Jay D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of extracellular polymeric substances on carbonate mineral growth in natural settings remains one of the most poorly understood contributors to the growth of non‐marine carbonate sediments. The influences of these materials are complicated by their association with living cells creating local microenvironments via metabolism and enzyme production, and by our uncertainty about the extracellular polymeric substances materials themselves. Different mixtures of extracellular polymeric substance molecules may behave in different ways, and differences in the local physical environment may alter how the mixtures influence mineral formation, and even result in different patterns of polymerization. Here, the influence of extracellular polymeric substances on calcite precipitation rate and Mg/Cacalcite in the absence of cells is investigated using extracts of extracellular polymeric substances from temperate fluvial tufa biofilm. The influence is complex, with the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances in solution altering deposition rate and trace element incorporation. Moreover, the results show interaction of the presence/absence of extracellular polymeric substances and both temperature and salinity. However, despite extracting extracellular polymeric substances from the same parent sample, a uniform influence was not found in these experiments, implying that the mixture is sufficiently variable within a sample for microenvironments within the biofilm to either promote or inhibit mineralization. As sedimentologists, we can no longer take the view that extracellular polymeric substances are a bystander material, or that they have a single set of coherent and predictable or intuitive influences. Rather, the emphasis must be on investigating the specific mixtures present in nature, and their complex and dynamic interaction with both mineral surfaces and hydrochemical conditions.
Response of forage plants to alteration of temperature and spring thaw date: implications for geese in a warming Arctic
Authors: Flint Paul L. , Meixell Brandt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanges in summer temperatures in Arctic Alaska have led to longer and warmer growing seasons over the last three decades. Corresponding with these changes in climate, the abundance and distributions of geese have increased and expanded over the same period. We used an experimental approach to assess the response of goose forage plants to simulated environmental change. We subjected Carex subspathacea, a preferred goose forage growing on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, to manipulations of temperature and timing of spring thaw to measure potential effects in terms of plant nitrogen concentration, aboveground biomass, and total nitrogen availability. Carex subspathacea responded to warming in a dynamic fashion. Increases in temperature led to decreases in leaf nitrogen concentration but increases in aboveground biomass. The increase in biomass was stronger than the decline in nitrogen concentration such that total nitrogen availability was increased with temperature for the first 35–40 d of the season. Grazing removal accounted for only minimal offtake of biomass, and we found no indication that grazing maintained elevated levels of nitrogen concentration longer in the season as reported in other studies. Based on demonstrated relationships in the literature between forage nitrogen concentrations and gosling growth rates, we conclude that there is currently abundant high‐quality forage available across the ACP. This finding fits with recent evidence of high gosling growth rates and increasing trends in goose abundance on the ACP. Our results suggest that with climate warming of a few degrees, nitrogen concentration of forage may decrease, but forage biomass and total nitrogen availability will increase. Our data suggest that nitrogen concentration will not fall below the minimum threshold required by geese in the near future. As such, we suggest that there is currently no bottom‐up limitation to goose numbers on the ACP.
Long‐term resilience in microcrustacean communities despite environmental changes
Authors: Eie M. , Jensen T. C. , Walseng B. , Eie A. J. , Hessen D. O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability of communities to withstand stress or maintain their species composition over extended periods of environmental changes is a matter of major concern. Here, we utilize a dataset where microcrustacean communities were related to water chemistry in 82 boreal‐alpine lakes over a 50‐yr time span (1968 and 2016), with the same person involved in sampling both times ensuring identical sites and sampling protocols. Over this time span, there has been a 1–2°C increase in mean annual temperatures and prolonged growing seasons. Also, the strong changes in SO4 deposition and acidification, peaking in the early 1980s, followed by a recovery period, have caused not only an increase in pH but also a pronounced browning (elevated DOC) and reduced levels of Ca over the past three decades. Despite this, the microcrustacean diversity and community composition have remained remarkably stable, and this holds both for the species‐rich larger, boreal sites and the species‐poor alpine sites. While likely there are interannual fluctuations in species abundance, and perhaps species may also be missing for certain periods, a combination of local refugia, resting egg seed‐banks and a regional recolonization that may occur at the meta‐population level, aims at maintaining a strong stability in community composition.
Nitrogen addition amplifies the nonlinear drought response of grassland productivity to extended growing‐season droughts
Authors: Meng Bo , Li Junqin , Maurer Gregory E. , Zhong Shangzhi , Yao Yuan , Yang Xuechen , Collins Scott L. , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the response of grassland production and carbon exchange to intra‐annual variation in precipitation and nitrogen addition is critical for sustainable grassland management and ecosystem restoration. We introduced growing‐season drought treatments of different lengths (15, 30, 45 and 60 d drought) by delaying growing‐season precipitation in a long‐term nitrogen addition experiment in a low diversity meadow steppe in northeast China. Response variables included aboveground biomass (AGB), ecosystem net carbon exchange (NEE), and leaf net carbon assimilation rate (A). In unfertilized plots drought decreased AGB by 13.7% after a 45‐d drought and 31.7% after a 60‐d drought (47.6% in fertilized plots). Progressive increases in the drought response of NEE were also observed. The effects of N addition on the drought response of productivity increased as drought duration increased, and these responses were a function of changes in AGB and biomass allocation, particularly root to shoot ratio. However, no significant effects of drought occurred in fertilized or unfertilized plots in the growing season a year after the experiment, N addition did limit the recovery of AGB from severe drought during the remainder of the current growing season. Our results imply that chronic N enrichment could exacerbate the effects of growing‐season drought on grassland productivity caused by altered precipitation seasonality under climate change, but that these effects do not carry over to the next growing season.
As the Arctic becomes boreal: ongoing shifts in a high‐Arctic seabird community
Authors: Descamps Sébastien , Strøm Hallvard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Arctic is currently experiencing the most rapid warming on Earth. Arctic species communities are expected to be restructured with species adapted to warmer conditions spreading poleward and, if already present, becoming more abundant. We tested this prediction using long‐term monitoring data (2009–2018) from nine of the most common seabird species breeding in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. This region is characterized by rapidly warming ocean temperatures, declining sea‐ice concentrations and an increasing influence of Atlantic waters. Concurrent with these environmental changes, we found a shift in the Svalbard seabird community, with an increase in abundance of boreal species (defined here as species breeding commonly in temperate environments) and a decline in Arctic species (species breeding predominantly in the Arctic). Combined with previous observations from lower trophic levels, our results confirmed that part of the Arctic fauna is moving from an arctic to a boreal (or north temperate) state, a process referred to as a “borealization.” Spatial variations exist among colonies for some species, indicating that local conditions may affect the trajectories of specific populations and potentially counterbalance the consequences of large‐scale climate warming.
The spatial synchrony of species richness and its relationship to ecosystem stability
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Shoemaker Lauren G. , Lany Nina K. , Castorani Max C. N. , Fey Samuel B. , Dudney Joan C. , Gherardi Laureano , Portales‐Reyes Cristina , Rypel Andrew L. , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Suding Katharine N. , Reuman Daniel C. , Hallett Lauren M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynchrony is broadly important to population and community dynamics due to its ubiquity and implications for extinction dynamics, system stability, and species diversity. Investigations of synchrony in community ecology have tended to focus on covariance in the abundances of multiple species in a single location. Yet, the importance of regional environmental variation and spatial processes in community dynamics suggests that community properties, such as species richness, could fluctuate synchronously across patches in a metacommunity, in an analog of population spatial synchrony. Here, we test the prevalence of this phenomenon and the conditions under which it may occur using theoretical simulations and empirical data from 20 marine and terrestrial metacommunities. Additionally, given the importance of biodiversity for stability of ecosystem function, we posit that spatial synchrony in species richness is strongly related to stability. Our findings show that metacommunities often exhibit spatial synchrony in species richness. We also found that richness synchrony can be driven by environmental stochasticity and dispersal, two mechanisms of population spatial synchrony. Richness synchrony also depended on community structure, including species evenness and beta diversity. Strikingly, ecosystem stability was more strongly related to richness synchrony than to species richness itself, likely because richness synchrony integrates information about community processes and environmental forcing. Our study highlights a new approach for studying spatiotemporal community dynamics and emphasizes the spatial dimensions of community dynamics and stability.
Novel fumed silica/g‐C3N4 composites for highly efficient removal of rhodamine B under visible light emitting diodes light irradiation
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Junkai , Wu Fengmin , Cai Junqing , Luo Jie , Zhou Erpeng , Niu Yongping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a fascinating nonmetallic photocatalyst for the removal of environmental pollutants. The fumed silica/g‐C3N4 (gCN‐FS) composite photocatalysts were successfully fabricated by a combination of solvent volatilization and post‐annealing methods. The introduction of SiO2 not only widens the absorption range of visible light, but also enhances the specific surface area of g‐C3N4. The gCN‐FS‐3 composite has a BET surface area of 129.89 m2/g, which is ~3.3 times as much as that of g‐C3N4 (39.54 m2/g). The gCN‐FS composites have markedly improved rhodamine B (RhB) photodegradation activity in comparison to pure g‐C3N4, bulk g‐C3N4 and P25 under 557 nm yellow‐green light emitting diode light irradiation. The gCN‐FS‐3 has the highest RhB photodegradation rate, which is ~9.67‐, 11.81‐folds as compared to bare g‐C3N4 and bulk g‐C3N4, respectively. The coupling effect between the increase in specific surface areas and the inhibition effect of SiO2 on photogenerated electron/hole pairs recombination is responsible for the enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of gCN‐FS composite. Superoxide and holes are responsible for the RhB photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, no apparent loss of photocatalytic activity over five cycles is observed, which indicates that the gCN‐FS composites have considerable stability and reusability in the photodegradation process. The gCN‐FS composites show great promise in visible light driven photocatalysis for environmental applications.