bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVII-22 Changes in biochemical composition of saliva and blood of cattle after sunflower husk included in the diet
Authors: Kondrashova Kristina , Shejjda Elena , Shajahmetova Elvina , Lebedev Svyatoslav , Miroshnikov Sergej , Duskaev Galimzhan , Kvan Olga , Rakhmatullin Shamil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the introduction of food waste sunflower husk (SH) into the diet on the change in the chemical composition of biological media (blood and saliva) against the background of control (C). The studies were carried out on young 8-month cattle; ration of C - 70% roughage, 25% - concentrated feed, 5% - premix; SH - ration C + 10% sunflower husk (shredded, 0.5–2 mm), instead of the coarse part of the ration. The selection of biosubstrates (saliva, blood) was carried out in the morning before feeding: saliva was obtained by the method of local pharmacological stimulation of salivation (2% sodium citrate solution), blood from the jugular vein into vacuum tubes with a coagulation activator. The chemical composition of biological media was carried out on an automatic biochemical analyzer CS-T240 (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd., China) using commercial biochemical kits for veterinary medicine (DIAKON-DS, Russia; Randox Laboratories Ltd, Great Britain). The inclusion of SH in the diet contributed to an increase in serum urea by 82.4% (P ≤ 0.05), lipase enzyme by 81.5% (P ≤ 0.05), uric acid by 62.7% (P ≤ 0.05), Ca and P by 73% and 21.8% (P ≤ 0.05), while a decrease in p-Amylase by 63.6% (P ≤ 0.05) and Fe by 86.8% (P ≤ 0.05) relative to C. After SH administration an increase in urea by 73% (P ≤ 0.05), digestive enzymes - lipase by 76.4% (P ≤ 0.05), p-amylase by 61 % (P ≤ 0.05), calcium by 69.3% and iron by 45% (P ≤ 0.05) and superoxide dismutase enzyme in comparison with C was registered in saliva. The obtained data show an increase in the level of digestive enzymes and elements in blood and saliva of ruminants, which favorably contributes to the use of sunflower husk in feeding cattle. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (# 20-16-00088).
PSIII-19 Soil nutrient profile from cool-season forages fertilized with manure from steers supplemented with titrated levels of dried distillers grains
Authors: Hines Abbigail R , Gray Kacie , Muir James P , Bellows Barbara , Rouquette Francis , Smith William B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is commonly used as supplemental feed in cattle rations. However, the systemic effects of overfeeding DDGS, especially to potential fertilizer benefits of pass-through nitrogen, are widely unknown. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate plant and soil response to fertilization with manure from steers supplemented with titrated levels of DDGS. Manure utilized was collected from steers supplemented with DDGS (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% BW) during a 2-yr experiment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with an augmented factorial treatment structure wherein benches represented blocks. The factorial was made up of manure treatment (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1% BW DDGS, chemical fertilizer, or none) soil type (Windthorst or Purves), and plant species (none, crimson clover, or rye). Pots were sown (5 seeds/pot) and grown in a greenhouse for 35 d. Water was applied daily at 90% evapotranspiration. After harvest, soils were sifted, dried for 72 h at 55°C, then assayed for C, N, NO3-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and S. There was an interaction of manure and soil type for soil C (P &lt; 0.01). Purves soils amended with any manure had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of C (1.8%) than did the negative control (1.3%). From Windthorst, soil C was greatest from 1% BW DDGS manure (1.9%), and least from 0% DDGS manure (1.5%), with 0.25 and 0.5% manures and the negative control intermediate. There was an interaction of manure, soil type, and forage for soil N (P &lt; 0.01). Manures with higher levels of supplementation had greater (P &lt; 0.05) soil N than lower levels of supplementation or the negative control. Legumes had greater soil N than grasses. Results are interpreted to mean that moderate supplementation of steers with DDGS may yield soil nutrient benefits through nutrient deposition.
PSXVI-24 The succession of reindeer’ rumen symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Ilina Larisa A , Filippova Valentina A , Yildirim Elena A , Brazhnik Evgeni A , Dunyashev Timur P , Laptev Georgiy Y , Laishev Kasim A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reindeer digestion is impossible without the symbiotic microorganisms that live in its rumen. The composition of plant fibers present in the diet of reindeer is characterized by an increased content of plant fiber, hemicellulose, lignin, and secondary lichen metabolites. The Arctic is characterized by extremely scarce food resources even in summer. In winter the nutritional value of the diet is further reduced. The digestion of such feeds is provided only by the enzyme systems of microorganisms that live in the rumen of ruminants. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the changes occurring in the composition of the reindeer’ rumen bacterial community inhabiting the Nenets region of the Russian Arctic. Rumen contents were collected from 20 reindeer in winter and summer 2017. To identify the bacterial community, 16S rRNA sequencing was used on the MiSeq (Illumina). Statistical processing of the results of NGS using the PERMANOVA analysis showed that the rumen bacterial communities in winter and summer have significant differences (P = 0.001). Taxonomic analysis using the GreenGenes database showed that, in general, at the phylum level in the community, representatives of Firmicutes (29.98–52.67%) and Bacteroidetes (33.55–51.87%) dominated. Significant differences were shown for microorganisms associated with the fermentation of plant polysaccharides. In winter, a significant increase in bacteria of the genera Succiniclasticum (P &lt; 0.001), Paraprevotellaceae (P &lt; 0.001), Coprococcus (P &lt; 0.001), Butyrivibrio (P &lt; 0.001), Prevotella (P &lt; 0.001), Ruminococcus (P &lt; 0.001). Thus, there is a succession of the bacterial community of the reindeer rumen associated with the change of seasons, affecting minor groups of microorganisms. In turn, it is associated with the availability of various components of the diet and the predominance of more or less easily digestible substances in it. The study was supported by a grant of Russian Science Foundation Project No. 17-76-20026.
PSXI-30 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)
Authors: Jin Daehyeok , Lee Jinwook , Choi Bong-Hwan , Lee Sung-Soo , Kim Dong-Kyo , Lee Eun-Do , Roh Hee-Jong , Kim Kwan-Woo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats. Five Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae) bucks (38.0±1.7 kg) with an average age of 2.4-year-old were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels (maintenance [M], 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M). The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. The average daily gain (P &lt; 0.05) and nutrient digestibility (P &lt; 0.01) were increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased. Rumen pH showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. Total volatile fatty acid, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with increased feeding levels. Butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P &lt; 0.01), but valerate concentration did not differ among feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels except for albumin concentration which was linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P &lt; 0.05). The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 153 to 161 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results found that the increased feeding level might be improve an average daily gain and ruminal fermentation of Korean native goats in fattening phase. These results may also serve as a basis for the establishment of feeding standard of goats in Republic of Korea.
PSXI-24 Evaluation of Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep under accelerated lambing using purebred and terminal sire mating: Ewe fertility, prolificacy, and productivity
Authors: Wildeus Stephan , Murphy Tom , O’Brien Dahlia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate ewe performance under an accelerated, pasture-lambing system. Barbados Blackbelly (n = 85) and St. Croix ewes (n = 91) were exposed to rams of their own breed (pure) or Dorset (terminal) in November (2012 and 2014), July (2013 and 2015), and March (2014 and 2016). Traits considered were fertility (i.e., ewes lambing/ewes exposed; n = 670) and number of lambs born (NLB), number of lambs weaned (NLW), and total 65 d adjusted litter weaning weight (LWW; n = 548 each). Data were analyzed with fixed effects of ewe age (1, 1.5, 2 yr, or ≥ 2.5 yr), breed, mating system (pure vs terminal), mating month-year, and the mating system x mating month-year interaction and a random ewe effect. Fertility was greater for Barbados Blackbelly than St. Croix ewes (0.88 vs 0.73; P &lt; 0.01) but ewe breed did not affect any other trait (P ≥ 0.06). The mating system x mating month-year interaction effect impacted all traits (P ≤ 0.03) except NLB (P = 0.09) and performance between mating systems was compared within mating month. Fertility was greater for pure than terminal mated ewes in November (0.96 vs 0.85) and July (0.94 vs 0.53; P ≤ 0.01). Following July mating, both NLB and NLW were greater for pure than terminal mated ewes (1.69 vs 1.37 lambs and 1.43 vs 1.11 lambs, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). However, LWW was greater for terminal than pure mated ewes after November (18.0 vs 15.7 kg) and March mating (18.1 vs 14.2 kg; P ≤ 0.02). Using a terminal sire in landrace hair sheep under accelerated mating generally reduced fertility, NLB, and NLW but improved LWW. The strategic use of terminal sire mating should be considered just during breeding season, or the use of alternative sire breeds should be evaluated.
PSXIV-20 Ovine circulatory markers regulating the acute-phase response of variable stress responding sheep to LPS challenge
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Shandilya Umesh K , Sullivan Tianna , Naylor Danielle , Cánovas Angela , Mallard Bonnie , Karrow Niel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pathogens induce neuroendocrine-immune interactions in their hosts, which are a basis to overcome the microbial stressor. These interactions result in individual variation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response and could contribute to variable stress resiliency. In present study, a comprehensive set of circulatory markers was assessed in variable stress responding lambs selected from a population (n = 112) and categorized based on cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ±27.9 nmol/L, n =12), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L, n =12) and low (LSR, 32.1 ±10.4 nmol/L, n =12) responding phenotypes post LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (pre-) and 4 hrs post-LPS challenge to monitor changes in serum with a panel of 15 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and 84 miRNAs, and white blood cell (WBC) populations. The HSR had the strongest fever and pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ cytokine responses compared to MSR and LSR. HSR and MSR had stronger anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine and CCL2 chemokine responses than LSR. WBC counts changed between 0 and 4 hrs; however, no differences were detected among the variable stress response groups. Three miRNAs, oar-miR-485-5p (+3.82 folds), oar-miR-1193-5p (+2.43 folds) and oar-miR-3957-5p (+3.14 folds) were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) upregulated, and seven miRNAs, oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.6 fold), oar-miR-376c-3p (3.5 folds), oar-miR-411b-5p (-11.69 folds), (oar-miR-376a-3p (-2.28 fold), oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.08 folds), oar-miR-376c-3p (-2.62 folds), oar-miR-381-3p (-3.85 folds) were downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) in HSR compared to LSR and MSR. Functional analysis of miRNAs revealed their roles in activating TGF-beta signalling, Cytokine receptor interaction and Thyroid signalling pathways in HSR phenotypes indicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In summary, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to stress, and some of these markers could be used as stress biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to understand the plausible association of cortisol phenotype with other important traits.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of low-dose chlormadinone in patients with low-risk prostate cancer: PROSAS study
Authors: Sugimoto Mikio , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Horie Shigeo , Hirao Yoshihiko , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-dose chlormadinone acetate, an antiandrogen agent, on the persistence rate of active surveillance in patients with low-risk prostate cancer.MethodsThe study was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at 38 sites in Japan. Low-risk prostate cancer patients were randomly assigned to the chlormadinone group or the placebo group and the persistence rate of active surveillance was evaluated for 3 years.ResultsSeventy-one patients in the chlormadinone group and 72 patients in the placebo group were analyzed. The persistence rate of active surveillance [95% CI] at 3 years was 75.5% [62.5–84.6] in the chlormadinone group and 50.1% [36.7–62.2] in the placebo group, showing a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.0039). The hazard ratio [95% CI] of the chlormadinone group to the placebo group for discontinuation of active surveillance was 0.417 [0.226–0.770]. The chlormadinone group showed a significant decrease in prostate specific antigen level, testosterone level and prostate volume. The number of positive cores at 12 and 36 months biopsy was significantly lower in the chlormadinone group. The incidence of adverse events was 43.7% in the chlormadinone group and 12.5% in the placebo group. The most common adverse event in the chlormadinone group was constipation in 22.5%, followed by hepatobiliary disorders in 9.9%.ConclusionsIn patients with low-risk prostate cancer, low-dose chlormadinone showed a reduced number of positive cores and prostate volume, and an increased persistence rate of active surveillance (UMIN000012284).
Laying it on thick: a study in secondary growth
Authors: Turley Emma K , Etchells J Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of secondary vascular tissue enhances the transport capacity and mechanical strength of plant bodies, while contributing a huge proportion of the world’s biomass in the form of wood. Cell divisions in the cambium, which constitutes the vascular meristem, provide progenitors from which conductive xylem and phloem are derived. The cambium is a somewhat unusual stem cell population in two respects, making it an interesting subject for developmental research. Firstly, it arises post-germination, and thus represents a model for understanding stem cell initiation beyond embryogenesis. Secondly, xylem and phloem differentiate on opposing sides of cambial stem cells, making them bifacial in nature. Recent discoveries in Arabidopsis thaliana have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the initiation, patterning, and maintenance of the cambium. In this review, the roles of intercellular signalling via mobile transcription factors, peptide–receptor modules, and phytohormones are described. Crosstalk between these regulatory pathways is becoming increasingly apparent, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Future study of the interaction between multiple independently identified regulators, as well as the functions of their orthologues in trees, will deepen our understanding of radial growth in plants.
tsRFun: a comprehensive platform for decoding human tsRNA expression, functions and prognostic value by high-throughput small RNA-Seq and CLIP-Seq data
Authors: Wang Jun-Hao , Chen Wen-Xin , Mei Shi-Qiang , Yang Yue-Dong , Yang Jian-Hua , Qu Liang-Hu , Zheng Ling-Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstracttRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), a novel type of regulatory small noncoding RNA, plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes. However, the understanding of the functional mechanism of tsRNAs in cells and their role in the occurrence and development of diseases is limited. Here, we integrated multiomics data such as transcriptome, epitranscriptome, and targetome data, and developed novel computer tools to establish tsRFun, a comprehensive platform to facilitate tsRNA research (http://rna.sysu.edu.cn/tsRFun/ or http://biomed.nscc-gz.cn/DB/tsRFun/). tsRFun evaluated tsRNA expression profiles and the prognostic value of tsRNAs across 32 types of cancers, identified tsRNA target molecules utilizing high-throughput CLASH/CLEAR or CLIP sequencing data, and constructed the interaction networks among tsRNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs. In addition to its data presentation capabilities, tsRFun offers multiple real-time online tools for tsRNA identification, target prediction, and functional enrichment analysis. In summary, tsRFun provides a valuable data resource and multiple analysis tools for tsRNA investigation.
The European Variation Archive: a FAIR resource of genomic variation for all species
Authors: Cezard Timothe , Cunningham Fiona , Hunt Sarah E , Koylass Baron , Kumar Nitin , Saunders Gary , Shen April , Silva Andres F , Tsukanov Kirill , Venkataraman Sundararaman , Flicek Paul , Parkinson Helen , Keane Thomas M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European Variation Archive (EVA; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/eva/) is a resource for sharing all types of genetic variation data (SNPs, indels, and structural variants) for all species. The EVA was created in 2014 to provide FAIR access to genetic variation data and has since grown to be a primary resource for genomic variants hosting &gt;3 billion records. The EVA and dbSNP have established a compatible global system to assign unique identifiers to all submitted genetic variants. The EVA is active within the Global Alliance of Genomics and Health (GA4GH), maintaining, contributing and implementing standards such as VCF, Refget and Variant Representation Specification (VRS). In this article, we describe the submission and permanent accessioning services along with the different ways the data can be retrieved by the scientific community.
Improving the noninvasive classification of glioma genetic subtype with deep learning and diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Cluceru Julia , Interian Yannet , Phillips Joanna J , Molinaro Annette M , Luks Tracy L , Alcaide-Leon Paula , Olson Marram P , Nair Devika , LaFontaine Marisa , Shai Anny , Chunduru Pranathi , Pedoia Valentina , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Chang Susan M , Lupo Janine M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic classification of diffuse gliomas now requires an assessment of molecular features, often including IDH-mutation and 1p19q-codeletion status. Because genetic testing requires an invasive process, an alternative noninvasive approach is attractive, particularly if resection is not recommended. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of training strategy and incorporation of biologically relevant images on predicting genetic subtypes with deep learning.MethodsOur dataset consisted of 384 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas who underwent preoperative MRI with standard anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging, and 147 patients from an external cohort with anatomical imaging. Using tissue samples acquired during surgery, each glioma was classified into IDH-wildtype (IDHwt), IDH-mutant/1p19q-noncodeleted (IDHmut-intact), and IDH-mutant/1p19q-codeleted (IDHmut-codel) subgroups. After optimizing training parameters, top performing convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers were trained, validated, and tested using combinations of anatomical and diffusion MRI with either a 3-class or tiered structure. Generalization to an external cohort was assessed using anatomical imaging models.ResultsThe best model used a 3-class CNN containing diffusion-weighted imaging as an input, achieving 85.7% (95% CI: [77.1, 100]) overall test accuracy and correctly classifying 95.2%, 88.9%, 60.0% of the IDHwt, IDHmut-intact, and IDHmut-codel tumors. In general, 3-class models outperformed tiered approaches by 13.5%-17.5%, and models that included diffusion-weighted imaging were 5%-8.8% more accurate than those that used only anatomical imaging.ConclusionTraining a classifier to predict both IDH-mutation and 1p19q-codeletion status outperformed a tiered structure that first predicted IDH-mutation, then 1p19q-codeletion. Including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a surrogate marker of cellularity, more accurately captured differences between subgroups.
Social Identity and Intergroup Competition
Authors: Belavadi Sucharita , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter adopts a social identity approach to explain the nature of competition between groups. The role of the self is central in social identity theory. The ways in which the drive to attain a positive sense of self through identification with groups motivates competitive intergroup behavior forms the core of this chapter. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of realistic conflict theory and discusses the role of independent versus interdependent goals between groups in driving competitive versus cooperative intergroup behavior. Social identity theory is then invoked in the remainder of the chapter to discuss how competition between groups is sparked by the need for a clear, distinctive, and positive identity among group members through competition over status with the outgroup. The ways in which intergroup competition is viewed as adaptive by groups in crystalizing group boundaries and negotiating intergroup status and prestige is highlighted. A clearly defined social identity is also essential to group members in the management of self-uncertainty—a primary motive for social identification. The chapter ends with a discussion of contexts in which group members’ self-uncertainty is provoked and heightened such that they seek groups with rigidly defined ideologies wherein competitive relations spiral into radical, even violent behavior toward the outgroup and support for ingroup leaders who are authoritarian.
Eastern Europe
Authors: Dovzhyk Sasha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the interdependent notions of “decadent” and “new” in Russian and Ukrainian writers at the fin de siècle. Eastern European decadence is located at the intersection of not only gender and temporal perspectives, but also spatial ones created by the impact of the colonial situation on the culture of the region. The analysis is not limited to decadent works by such Russian authors as Zinaida Gippius and Leonid Andreyev, but also includes Ukrainian writing produced at the peripheries of the Russian and Astro-Hungarian Empires by Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Olha Kobylianska, who explore androgyny, cross-gendering, and new forms of female intimacy. By looking beyond the imperial Russian capitals of Moscow and St. Petersburg to examine the “new people” of decadence, this chapter decenters traditional views of the region to draw a less predictable landscape of Eastern European literature.