bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Design of a Chromium Imprinted Polymer and its Application as a Highly Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Determining Chromium Ion at Trace Levels
Authors: Bojdi Majid Kalate , Behbahani Mohammad , Feyzabadi Zahra Baharian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the development of a Cr (VI)‐selective electrode based on Cr (VI) imprinted polymer nanoparticles and its application in detection of chromium ions by differential pulse voltammetry. In methanol, precipitation polymerization of meta‐acrylate acid (the functional monomer), 2, 2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (the initiator), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross‐linker), 1, 5‐Diphenylcarbazide (the chromium‐binding ligand), and chromium ions (the template ion) produced IP‐NPs. After polymerization, Cr (VI) was leached out from the polymer nanoparticles using NaOH/EDTA 0.5/0.1 mol L−1 to create holes for Cr(VI). After sorption of Cr (VI) ions and reduction to metallic shape, the detection method of differential pulse stripping voltammetry was performed on a carbon paste electrode modified with IP‐NPs. The response of electrodes modified with IP‐NPs differed significantly from that of electrodes modified with non‐IP‐NPs. The modified electrode reacts to Cr (VI) linearly in the 0.1 nM to 10.0 nM range with sensitivity of 0.9594 nA/nM and linearly in the 10.0 nM to 100.0 nM range with sensitivity of 0.1958 μA/μM. At signal to noise of 3, the sensor‘s method detection limit was 30 pM. The sensor was employed to detect Cr (VI) traces in ambient water samples that had been contaminated.
A parametric sensitivity analysis for prioritizing regolith knowledge needs for modeling water transfers in the West African critical zone
Authors: Herzog Amelie , Hector Basile , Cohard Jean‐Martial , Vouillamoz Jean‐Michel , Lawson Fabrice Messan Amene , Peugeot Christophe , de Graaf Inge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHard rock aquifers (HRAs) in West Africa (WA) are located within a thick regolith layer. The representation of thick tropical regolith in integrated hydrological models lacks consensus on aquifer geometries and parameter ranges. Our main objective was to determine the knowledge requirements on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to model the critical zone (CZ) of HRAs in WA. A parametric sensitivity analysis with a focus on the representation of the Ks heterogeneity of the regolith was conducted with a critical zone model (Parflow‐CLM [Community Land Model]) of the Upper Ouémé catchment in Benin (14,000 km2) at a 1‐ × 1‐km2 resolution. The impact of parameter changes in the near subsurface (0.3‐to‐5‐m depth) and in the deeper regolith aquifer (24‐ and 48‐m maximum depth) was assessed in five modeling experiments. Streamflow was largely dependent on Ks and on clay distribution in the near subsurface and less on the properties of the deeper subsurface. Groundwater table depths and amplitudes were controlled by vegetation and topography as observed on instrumented hillslopes and for Ks within the literature range. Experiments with higher Ks suggested a Ks threshold where dynamics become less determined by one‐dimensional vertical and more determined by lateral processes. Such heterogeneity impacts from smaller scales need to be accounted for when hydrological models are upscaled to larger domains (1‐ × 1‐km2 resolution or coarser). Our findings highlight the need for a new conceptual approach to represent clay distribution in order to develop catchment‐scale CZ models of HRAs in WA that capture the observed processes.
An introduction to flood modeling for catastrophe risk management
Authors: Zanardo Stefano , Salinas Jose Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe second half of last century has witnessed the emergency and development of catastrophe risk models. These tools are now well‐established in risk management practices for most natural perils. The number of applications has also grown in time and while at the beginning catastrophe models were solely used by insurance companies to assess the insurability of a certain peril, they are now applied to address many different risk management problems, not limited to the insurance industry. Flood risk in particular saw an increased interest from stakeholders in recent years, mainly driven by a sharp increase in global flood losses as well as projections on how these will be impacted by climate change. This contribution aims to provide a broad introduction to catastrophe risk models with focus on flood risk. In particular, after providing a description of catastrophe risk models, we discuss current methods to model flood hazard for such models. Subsequently, we identify four unique challenges in the development of flood risk models and how these differ from other natural perils.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Engineering Water
Being Resilient Between the Region and the Higher Education System? Views on Regional Higher Education Institutions in Estonia and Finland
Authors: Kolehmainen Jari , Kurikka Heli , Keerberg Anne , Raagmaa Garri 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe chapter investigates the organizational resilience of the regional higher education institutions (RHEIs) located in the peripheries of Estonia and Finland, focusing on two case studies: Kuressaare College, Estonia and the University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Finland. The aim is to explore the sources and strategies of the organizational resilience of RHEIs, which must be resilient in two respects: they are exposed to changes in the higher education system (HES), and they are impacted by the processes in their region that is, in turn, a part of a larger economic and administrative system. We found that the resilience of RHEIs within regions and the HE system develops in a coevolutionary manner over the course of history; here, progressiveness and flexibility are the most important strategies for RHEIs.
A Practical Perspective on Resilience in Organizations: The Interplay Between Structure and Action
Authors: Adrot Anouck , de Longueval Oriane Sitte , Largier Alexandre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganizations adopt resilience frameworks to deal with increasingly unstable environments, yet they are not usually applied according to their initial design. Previous research has documented the situatedness of resilience. The process of shaping resilience capabilities fuels both action and structure through social arrangements. However, knowledge remains scarce regarding how these elements relate to each other. This chapter addresses this gap, drawing on Schatzki’s work and approaching resilience as practice. It examines the four components of the structure of resilience practice and investigates their interplay with action. It relies on a qualitative design, focused on two French organizations that designed radically different resilience frameworks. The findings of this chapter outline how both the organizations deviated from their resilience vision and frameworks, no matter the nature of the framework. Despite some synergistic ties between resilience structure and action, contradictions and inconsistencies within the structure emerged, which fostered deviation. Finally, the chapter discusses two other important points inherent to its findings: First, the evolutionary dimension of resilience as practice. Second, the influence of resilience proponents—who proactively promote resilience as a practice—on the interplay between its components.
A Case Study—Peoples-uni, and Conclusions
Authors: Heller Richard Frederick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeoples-uni was a volunteer led online programme to build public health capacity in low- to middle-income countries which demonstrated many of the features discussed as solutions. The term the ‘Distributed University’ is used to indicate the distribution of education to where it is needed—both reducing global inequalities in access and emphasising local relevance. It reduces impact on the environment, distributes trust in place of managerialism, and collaboration in place of competition. It distributes education online and sets up the higher education sector to adapt to the changes in the ways we work and learn today.
Dynamic residential movement and depression among the World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees
Authors: Lim Sungwoo , Liu Sze Yan , Brite Jennifer , Crossa Aldo , Locke Sean , Pollari Cristina , Baquero María 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Residential instability is associated with poor mental health, but its causal inference is challenging due to time-varying exposure and confounding, and the role of changing social environments. We tested the association between frequent residential moving and depression risk among adults exposed to the 9/11 disaster.

Methods
We used four waves of survey data from the World Trade Center Health Registry. We measured residential movement and depression using geocoded annual address records and the Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, respectively, for a prospective cohort of 38,495 adults. We used the longitudinal Targeted Maximum Likelihood Method to estimate depression risk by frequent residential moving and conducted causal mediation analysis to evaluate a mediating role of social environments.

Results
Most enrollees (68%) did not move in 2007–2014, and 6% moved at least once every 4 years. The remaining 26% moved less frequently (e.g., only moving in 2007–2010). Frequent moving versus no moving was associated with risk of depression in 2015–16 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.37). Frequent residential moving—depression pathway was mediated by high social integration (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90, 0.97).

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate the importance of social networks in understanding increased risk of depression associated with housing instability.
Deep learning–assisted prostate cancer detection on bi-parametric MRI: minimum training data size requirements and effect of prior knowledge
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Matin , Saha Anindo , Brand Patrick , Slootweg Ilse , de Rooij Maarten , Huisman Henkjan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS)–trained deep learning (DL) algorithm performance and to investigate the effect of data size and prior knowledge on the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in biopsy-naïve men with a suspicion of PCa.

Methods
Multi-institution data included 2734 consecutive biopsy-naïve men with elevated PSA levels (≥ 3 ng/mL) that underwent multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI). mpMRI exams were prospectively reported using PI-RADS v2 by expert radiologists. A DL framework was designed and trained on center 1 data (n = 1952) to predict PI-RADS ≥ 4 (n = 1092) lesions from bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI). Experiments included varying the number of cases and the use of automatic zonal segmentation as a DL prior. Independent center 2 cases (n = 296) that included pathology outcome (systematic and MRI targeted biopsy) were used to compute performance for radiologists and DL. The performance of detecting PI-RADS 4–5 and Gleason > 6 lesions was assessed on 782 unseen cases (486 center 1, 296 center 2) using free-response ROC (FROC) and ROC analysis.

Results
The DL sensitivity for detecting PI-RADS ≥ 4 lesions was 87% (193/223, 95% CI: 82–91) at an average of 1 false positive (FP) per patient, and an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84–0.91). The DL sensitivity for the detection of Gleason > 6 lesions was 85% (79/93, 95% CI: 77–83) @ 1 FP compared to 91% (85/93, 95% CI: 84–96) @ 0.3 FP for a consensus panel of expert radiologists. Data size and prior zonal knowledge significantly affected performance (4%, $$p<0.05$$

p
<
0.05

).

Conclusion
PI-RADS-trained DL can accurately detect and localize Gleason > 6 lesions. DL could reach expert performance using substantially more than 2000 training cases, and DL zonal segmentation.

Key Points
• AI for prostate MRI analysis depends strongly on data size and prior zonal knowledge.
• AI needs substantially more than 2000 training cases to achieve expert performance.
Basic self-disturbance trajectories in clinical high risk for psychosis: a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Værnes Tor Gunnar , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Melle Ingrid , Nelson Barnaby , Romm Kristin Lie , Møller Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBasic self-disturbance (BSD) has been proposed as a driver of symptom development in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). In a one-year follow-up of 32 patients (15–30 years) at putative risk for psychosis, we investigated trajectories of BSD levels from baseline to follow-up, and associations between clinical characteristics at baseline and follow-up, including follow-up levels of BSD (assessed with the EASE). Clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis status and symptom severity were assessed with the SIPS/SOPS scales and also according to the cognitive basic symptoms high-risk criteria (COGDIS). DSM-IV diagnoses, functioning and other clinical characteristics were assessed with standard clinical instruments. Higher severity of negative symptoms and meeting COGDIS criteria at baseline were associated with higher BSD levels at follow-up. All measured at follow-up, higher BSD levels correlated with higher severity of positive, negative, disorganization and general symptoms, and with a lower level of global functioning. We found higher BSD levels at follow-up in subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at baseline (n = 5) and in SSDs at follow-up (n = 12, including nine with SPD). Mean BSD levels decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up, but individual trajectories varied considerably. Increased BSD levels were associated with higher baseline BSD levels, non-remission of positive symptoms and functional decline. Overall, the current study indicates that subgroups in the CHR population with a higher risk of non-remission or deterioration may be identified by supplementing CHR criteria with assessment of BSD and negative symptoms.
Graph convolutional networks: analysis, improvements and results
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Manzo Mario , Shah Mitul , Madden Michael G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA graph can represent a complex organization of data in which dependencies exist between multiple entities or activities. Such complex structures create challenges for machine learning algorithms, particularly when combined with the high dimensionality of data in current applications. Graph convolutional networks were introduced to adopt concepts from deep convolutional networks (i.e. the convolutional operations/layers) that have shown good results. In this context, we propose two major enhancements to two of the existing graph convolutional network frameworks: (1) topological information enrichment through clustering coefficients; and (2) structural redesign of the network through the addition of dense layers. Furthermore, we propose minor enhancements using convex combinations of activation functions and hyper-parameter optimization. We present extensive results on four state-of-art benchmark datasets. We show that our approach achieves competitive results for three of the datasets and state-of-the-art results for the fourth dataset while having lower computational costs compared to competing methods.
Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of left ventricular diastolic function in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Yuan , Yu Meng , Lan Yalin , Feng Fei , Jiang Chengyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) can be affected by many factors, including epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to establish and validate an easy-to-use nomogram that predicts the severity of LVDD in patients with T2DM. This is a retrospective study of 84 consecutive subjects with T2DM admitted to the Endocrinology Department, the First People’s Hospital of Zunyi City between January 2015 and October 2020. Several echocardiographic characteristics were used to diagnose diastolic dysfunction according to the 2016 diastolic dysfunction ASE guidelines. Anthropometric, demographic, and biochemical parameters were collected. Through a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, we reduced the dimensionality of the data and determined factors for the nomogram. The mean follow-up was 25.97 months. Cases were divided into two groups, those with LVDD (31) and those without (53). LASSO regression identified total cholesterol (Tol.chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), right ventricular anterior wall (RVAW) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were identified as predictive factors in the nomogram. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC value for most clinical paramerters was higher than 0.6. The nomogram can be used to promote the individualized prediction of LVDD risk in T2DM patients, and help to prioritize patients diagnosed with echocardiography.
Flow Rate Prediction for a Semi-permeable Membrane at Low Reynolds Number in a Circular Pipe
Authors: Miyauchi Suguru , Yamada Shuji , Takeuchi Shintaro , Tazaki Asahi , Kajishima Takeo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA concise and accurate prediction method is required for membrane permeability in chemical engineering and biological fields. As a preliminary study on this topic, we propose the concentration polarization model (CPM) of the permeate flux and flow rate under dominant effects of viscosity and solute diffusion. In this model, concentration polarization is incorporated for the solution flow through a semi-permeable membrane (i.e., permeable for solvent but not for solute) in a circular pipe. The effect of the concentration polarization on the flow field in a circular pipe under a viscous-dominant condition (i.e., at a low Reynolds number) is discussed by comparing the CPM with the numerical simulation results and infinitesimal Péclet number model (IPM) for the membrane permeability, strength of the osmotic pressure, and Péclet number. The CPM and IPM are confirmed to be a reasonable extension of the model for a pure fluid, which was proposed previously. The application range of the IPM is narrow because the advection of the solute concentration is not considered, whereas the CPM demonstrates superior applicability in a wide range of parameters, including the permeability coefficient, strength of the osmotic pressure, and Péclet number. This suggests the necessity for considering concentration polarization. Although the mathematical expression of the CPM is more complex than that of the IPM, the CPM exhibits a potential to accurately predict the permeability parameters for a condition in which a large permeate flux and osmotic pressure occur.
Assessment of the intensity and directions of population movement in the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia in 1991–2000
Authors: Korovkin Andrei G. , Sinitsa Arseniy L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Socio-economic transformations greatly worsened the state of the Arctic regions for residents, which led to a decrease in the population due to the significant migration outflow. Using the balance of the population movement based on data from Rosstat, we estimated the intensity of migratory movement (relocation to permanent residence) and the natural movement of the population, along with the directions of incoming movement and attrition of the population to the general population dynamics in 1991–2000 in the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia. The analysis showed that the population was characterised by greater mobility compared with the population of the country as a whole. The attrition of the population was greater than the incoming population, and the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia were the donors of the population for the rest of Russia.
Proceedings of the Joint Discussion: Report of the Proceedings
Authors: Wilkins G. A. 
Published: November 2021

The Chairman, W. Fricke, President of Commission 4, opened the Joint Discussion by drawing attention to the purpose and proposed procedure for the meeting. The Joint Discussion had been arranged by the Executive Committee of the Union in order to avoid the necessity for separate discussions by each Commission that was affected by the Report of the Working Group on the IAU System of Astronomical Constants. The Organizing Committee therefore proposed the following resolution:‘The members of the IAU at this Joint Discussion recommend to the Executive Committee that the following resolution be put before the General Assembly: “The International Astronomical Union endorses the final list of constants prepared by the Working Group on the System of Astronomical Constants and recommends that it be used in the national and international astronomical ephemerides at the earliest practicable date.’”
Address by the Representative of The University of California
Authors: Mclaughlin D. H. 
Published: November 2021

Dr Oort and Members of the International Astronomical Union:On behalf of the President and the Regents of the University of California, I welcome you most cordially to our Berkeley campus. We are very pleased that you have elected to hold your second meeting in the United States after an interval of twenty-nine years. Your selection of this once remote site on the far western side of the North American continent is truly a gracious recognition on your part of the value of the contributions that the staff of the University of California has made to the advancement of astronomy and the sciences on which it depends to such an increasing degree.The University of California is a relatively young institution. Less than a century ago, this plaza, in which we are gathered this morning, was an open field—a sunny spot on the long, grassy slope from the hills to the bay which was then unbroken except for scattered clusters of oaks and a few low buildings at the distant landing.
Address by the Representative of The United States of America
Authors: Stevenson Adlai E. 
Published: November 2021

On behalf of the Government of the United States, and of the American people, it is my duty and my privilege to express to all of you, the distinguished members of the International Astronomical Union, a most cordial welcome to this country.In this gathering are learned scientists from every continent and latitude, from Australia to that ancient cradle of astronomy, Egypt. We heartily welcome you all to the United States. And since Moscow was the site of your most recent Assembly three years ago, it is my particular pleasure to greet the large and distinguished delegation which has come here from the Soviet Union.For yours is a community of the mind—ordered by reason, united in the single pursuit of truth about the universe. We who try to keep the peace among unruly nations cannot help envying and admiring your unity and purity of purpose. Would that all of us at the United Nations could follow your example, would that all of us could unite to end cold war and conflict, and concentrate on the arts of peace and the wider enjoyment of the benefits of this age of unparalleled technical progress.
Final Session
Authors: Oort J. H. 
Published: November 2021

3. (b) Report of decisions taken by the Executive Committee. In opening the second, and final, session of the General Assembly the President said that this was a convenient opportunity to inform the General Assembly of various decisions taken by the Executive Committee during its meetings in Berkeley. These decisions do not require the formal approval of the General Assembly.He announced that the Executive Committee had accepted the applications for membership from the following countries, with the adhering organizations as stated:
Brazil: Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro.North Korea: Academy of Sciences of the Popular Democratic Republic of Korea, Pyongyang.Turkey: Turkish Astronomical Society, Istanbul.The President said that he was very happy to welcome these three countries to membership of the Union, and he noted with pleasure that representatives of two of the countries were present at the General Assembly.