bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is distal segment ostectomy essential for stabilization of the condylar position in patients with facial asymmetry?
Authors: Hong Ki Eun , Shin Eun Sup , Park Jun , Yun Ji Eon , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Jung Han , Kim Bok Joo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the postoperative change in the position and stability of the mandibular condyle after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and BSSRO with distal segmental ostectomy (DSO) in patients with facial asymmetry using 3D computed tomography.

Methods
The condyles of the patient diagnosed with facial asymmetry were divided into the deviated side (DS) and the non-deviated side (NDS). Group I, which was treated with BSSRO only, and Group II, which additionally received DSO along with BSSRO, were superimposed on the condyle using the pre-and postoperative 3D CT. The amount of condylar change in anteroposterior displacement, mediolateral displacement, and rotation was measured. The clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint were also evaluated before and after surgery for each patient.

Results
Between Groups I and II, there was no statistically significant difference in the anteroposterior condylar position on both DS and NDS.
And also, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the mediolateral change on DS but, statistically significant difference on NDS. The change in the rotation of the condyle was observed to rotate inward from both condylar heads of Groups I and II, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups on both DS and NDS. Moreover, no difference in clinical temporomandibular joint symptoms was observed after surgery in each DS and NDS condyle of the two groups.

Conclusions
As a result of analyzing the condylar position change of the group treated with BSSRO alone and the group treated with BSSRO and DSO in patients with facial asymmetry, there were statistically significant differences in the mediolateral displacement of NDS and the condyle rotation of NDS and DS. However, the anteroposterior condylar position did not show any difference in the bilateral condyles. In addition, since worsening clinical symptoms of bilateral temporomandibular joint were not observed before and after surgery in both groups, it is concluded that it is not necessary to accompany DSO in patients with facial asymmetry (minimum 3 mm, maximum 7 mm).
Ethnobotanical plants used in the management of symptoms of tuberculosis in rural Uganda
Authors: Oryema Christine , Rutaro Karlmax , Oyet Sam William , Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses a major health security threat. Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine, since olden days and 80% of the communities in Africa still rely on herbal medicines for their healthcare. In many parts of Uganda, some plants have shown ethno-pharmacological prospects for the treatment of TB, and yet they have not been fully researched.

Aim
This study aimed to document plant species used traditionally by the herbalists and non-herbalist communities of Kitgum and Pader districts for managing symptoms of TB.

Methods
An ethnobotanical study was carried out in 42 randomly selected villages in Kitgum and Pader districts between August 2020 and January 2021. Information was obtained by administering semi-structured questionnaires to 176 respondents identified by snowball and random sampling methods. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF).

Results
Overall, only 27% of the respondents were knowledgeable about plants used for managing symptoms of TB. Nine plant species belonging to six families (Mimosaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae) were used to manage symptoms of TB. The most representative family was Rutaceae with three species, followed by Rubiaceae (two species) and the rest of the families were represented by one species each. The most frequently recorded species were Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. (8.5%), Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn (6.8%) and Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight (6.8%). Most of the medicinal plants were trees, and roots (69%) were the most frequently plant part used, followed by the bark (16%) and leaves (15%). The most common method of preparation was by pounding and mixing concoction with water. The administration of the concoctions was mostly done orally.

Conclusions
The results established the existence of few medicinal plants for managing symptoms of TB among the Acholi communities which could be used in developing new, effective plant-based antimycobacterial drugs. The few plants mentioned might face conservation threats due to exploitations of the roots. Phytochemical and toxicological studies are recommended to identify active compounds responsible for antimycobacterial activity.
Complete intracranial migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a common procedure with a rare complication
Authors: Mehtab Hammad , Khizar Ahtesham , Zahid Soha , Tebha Sameer Saleem , Irfan Maha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is widely used in the treatment of different kinds of hydrocephalus. Shunt failure is one of the most common complications; however complete intracranial shunt migration is rarely reported.

Case presentation
We report a case of an eleven-month-old girl with complete intracranial migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (Chhabra Shunt). We removed this intracranially migrated shunt with the help of an endoscope (GAAB) and inserted a new Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (Medtronic Shunt) on the opposite side. She had a good clinical outcome.

Conclusion
Complete intracranial shunt migration is an extremely rare complication. It is likely due to raised intra-peritoneal pressure, strong head movements, and inadequate shunt fixation. The best possible approach to prevent shunt migration would be better patient handling along with appropriate operative techniques.
Semi-analytical assessment of the relative accuracy of the GNSS/INS in railway track irregularity measurements
Authors: Chen Qijin , Zhang Quan , Niu Xiaoji , Liu Jingnan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) is increasingly exploited in precise engineering surveying, such as railway track irregularity measurement, where a high relative measurement accuracy rather than absolute accuracy is emphasized. However, how to evaluate the relative measurement accuracy of the aided INS has rarely been studied. We address this problem with a semi-analytical method to analyze the relative measurement error propagation of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and INS integrated system, specifically for the railway track irregularity measurement application. The GNSS/INS integration in this application is simplified as a linear time-invariant stochastic system driven only by white Gaussian noise, and an analytical solution for the navigation errors in the Laplace domain is obtained by analyzing the resulting steady-state Kalman filter. Then, a time series of the error is obtained through a subsequent Monte Carlo simulation based on the derived error propagation model. The proposed analysis method is then validated through data simulation and field tests. The results indicate that a 1 mm accuracy in measuring the track irregularity is achievable for the GNSS/INS integrated system. Meanwhile, the influences of the dominant inertial sensor errors on the final measurement accuracy are analyzed quantitatively and discussed comprehensively.
Effect of long-term administration of clonazepam, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive, psychological, and personality changes in adult epilepsy: a case–control study
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Elbeh Khaled , Elserogy Yasser , Mostafa Sayed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Epilepsy can be treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which may have psychiatric and behavioral side effects. Additionally, the availability of new AEDs has increased, and our understanding of variability to combinations of several AEDs has evolved. Based on the treatment outcomes of carbamazepine, valproate, and clonazepam, this study aims to compare the cognitive function, personality, and psychological issues associated with these drugs and evaluate seizure-related factors related to them. Only 139 participants were included. Clonazepam was used as an add-on antiepileptic drug. Participants were categorized into five groups: group 1, carbamazepine; group 2, valproate; group 3, carbamazepine and clonazepam; group 4, valproate and clonazepam; and group 5, epileptic patients without AED. All participants were assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Personality Model (SIFFM), Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2).

Results
In the WAIS, group 1 had the worst mean of verbal intelligence quotient (IQ). Moreover, group 3 was more vulnerable in symptomatic response in all subscales of MMPI-2 except the masculinity–femininity subscale and a high percentage in moderate severity of anxiety and depression in the Hamilton scales.

Conclusions
The use of clonazepam and carbamazepine might increase the incidence of behavioral problems especially increased severity of anxiety and depression and decreased performance IQ compared with either clonazepam or carbamazepine alone. Moreover, patients with carbamazepine treatment might have more personality changes and lowered verbal IQ than others.
Near-infrared imaging in fission yeast using a genetically encoded phycocyanobilin biosynthesis system
Authors: Sakai Keiichiro , Kondo Yohei , Fujioka Hiroyoshi , Kamiya Mako , Aoki Kazuhiro , Goto Yuhei 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) is a bright and stable fluorescent protein with near-infrared excitation and emission maxima. Unlike the other conventional fluorescent proteins, iRFP requires biliverdin (BV) as a chromophore. Here, we report that phycocyanobilin (PCB) functions as a brighter chromophore for iRFP than BV, and that biosynthesis of PCB allows live-cell imaging with iRFP in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We initially found that fission yeast cells did not produce BV and therefore did not show any iRFP fluorescence. The brightness of iRFP–PCB was higher than that of iRFP–BV both in vitro and in fission yeast. We introduced SynPCB2.1, a PCB biosynthesis system, into fission yeast, resulting in the brightest iRFP fluorescence. To make iRFP readily available in fission yeast, we developed an endogenous gene tagging system with iRFP and all-in-one integration plasmids carrying the iRFP-fused marker proteins together with SynPCB2.1. These tools not only enable the easy use of multiplexed live-cell imaging in fission yeast with a broader color palette, but also open the door to new opportunities for near-infrared fluorescence imaging in a wider range of living organisms.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Rat skin inflammation markers change in response to calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid administration
Authors: Larkina S. , Seletskaya A. , Makarenko O. , Vastyanov R. 
Published: November 2021

In the research, the level of some markers of skin inflammation in Wistar rats was examined after injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of various concentrations, where the nature, degree, extent of tissue damage and the general condition of the animals in general were close to humans’. Each drug was evaluated according to several indicators (MDA content, activity of neutrophil elastase, acid phosphatase, and catalase) to understand the measure of the adequacy of the body's response to the intensity of the stimulus.
A biochemical analysis of the skin of laboratory rats after the injection of the studied drugs showed that the safest drugs contain nonstabilized 4% hyaluronic acid. Either in pure form or in a 1: 1 mixture with calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 55.7%, since in 2 months after their injection in the skin of experimental animals, markers of inflammation (elastase, acid phosphatase and MDA levels), catalase and API activity were found at the normal level.
The injection of drugs containing stabilized 2% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite 55.7%, as well as stabilized 2.6% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 1% caused prolonged LPO activation, increased level of inflammation markers and decreased API.
The injection of calcium hydroxyapatite drugs without hyaluronic acid, even at a 1: 1 dilution with saline, also caused prolonged LPO activation, an increased level of inflammation markers and a decreased API, and, in addition, revealed a significant increase in acid phosphatase activity, which is an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes.
The obtained results made it possible to analyze the features of the molecular response and regulation of inflammation upon injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of different concentrations, which will help in prescribing of treatment.
Magnetic field sensing based on multi-order resonances of atomic spins
Authors: Yang Hongying , Wang Qian , Zhao Binbin , Li Lin , Zhai Yueyang , Han Bangcheng , Tang Feng 
Published: November 2021

Broad-dynamic-range magnetometers are demanded in practical applications and fundamental research. We experimentally demonstrate a parametrically modulated atomic magnetometer with a large dynamic range by taking advantage of the high-order resonance effects. With the increase of the strength of the modulation field, both low-order and high-order resonances are well resolved and used to measure the DC or AC magnetic fields. The experimentally demonstrated sensitivity of the magnetometer based on the zeroth-order resonance is

1.5

pT

/

Hz

, and those based on the high-order resonances are below

3

pT

/

Hz

, making the measurement of high magnetic fields feasible under an open-loop operation. Moreover, we also demonstrated the measurement of high-frequency large AC magnetic field with the high-order resonances, and the sensitivity for the AC magnetic field based on the first-order resonance is

7

pT

/

Hz

. Our scheme provides a new path for the development of broad-dynamic-range and miniaturized atomic magnetometers.
Lensless Fourier-transform terahertz digital holography for real-time full-field phase imaging
Authors: Zhang Yaya , Zhao Jie , Wang Dayong , Wang Yunxin , Rong Lu 
Published: November 2021

With the development of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) sources and array detectors, the pursuit of high-fidelity real-time imaging is receiving significant attention within the THz community. Here, we report a real-time full-field THz phase imaging approach based on lensless Fourier-transform THz digital holography. A triangular interferometric layout is proposed based on an oblique illumination of 2.52 THz radiation, which is different from other lensless holographic configurations at other frequencies. A spherical reference beam is generated by a reflective parabolic mirror with minor propagation loss. The complex-valued images are reconstructed using a single inverse Fourier transform of the hologram without complex calculation of the diffraction propagation. The experimental result for a Siemens star validates the lateral resolution of

∼
346

μm

in the diagonal direction. Sub-pixel image registration and image stitching algorithms are applied to enlarge the area of the reconstructed images. The dehydration process of an aquatic plant leaf (Hottonia inflata) is monitored for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at the THz band. Rapid variations in water content and morphology are measured with a time interval of 0.6 s and a total time of 5 min from a series of reconstructed amplitude and phase images, respectively. The proposed method has the potential to become a powerful tool to investigate spontaneous phenomena at the THz band.
Modified Liu estimators in the linear regression model: An application to Tobacco data
Authors: Babar Iqra , Ayed Hamdi , Chand Sohail , Suhail Muhammad , Khan Yousaf Ali , Marzouki Riadh 
Published: November 2021

Background
The problem of multicollinearity in multiple linear regression models arises when the predictor variables are correlated among each other. The variance of the ordinary least squared estimator become unstable in such situation. In order to mitigate the problem of multicollinearity, Liu regression is widely used as a biased method of estimation with shrinkage parameter ‘d’. The optimal value of shrinkage parameter plays a vital role in bias-variance trade-off.

Limitation
Several estimators are available in literature for the estimation of shrinkage parameter. But the existing estimators do not perform well in terms of smaller mean squared error when the problem of multicollinearity is high or severe.

Methodology
In this paper, some new estimators for the shrinkage parameter are proposed. The proposed estimators are the class of estimators that are based on quantile of the regression coefficients. The performance of the new estimators is compared with the existing estimators through Monte Carlo simulation. Mean squared error and mean absolute error is considered as evaluation criteria of the estimators. Tobacco dataset is used as an application to illustrate the benefits of the new estimators and support the simulation results.

Findings
The new estimators outperform the existing estimators in most of the considered scenarios including high and severe cases of multicollinearity. 95% mean prediction interval of all the estimators is also computed for the Tobacco data. The new estimators give the best mean prediction interval among all other estimators.

The implications of the findings
We recommend the use of new estimators to practitioners when the problem of high to severe multicollinearity exists among the predictor variables.
Physical restraint of dementia patients in acute care hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort analysis in Japan
Authors: Okuno Takuya , Itoshima Hisashi , Shin Jung-ho , Morishita Tetsuji , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges for the medical staff worldwide, especially for those in hospitals where COVID-19-positive patients are hospitalized. The announcement of COVID-19 hospital restrictions by the Japanese government has led to several limitations in hospital care, including an increased use of physical restraints, which could affect the care of elderly dementia patients. However, few studies have empirically validated the impact of physical restraint use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes, consequent to the pandemic, on physical restraint use among elderly dementia patients in acute care hospitals.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we extracted the data of elderly patients (aged > 64 years) who received dementia care in acute care hospitals between January 6, 2019, and July 4, 2020. We divided patients into two groups depending on whether they were admitted to hospitals that received COVID-19-positive patients. We calculated descriptive statistics to compare the trend in 2-week intervals and conducted an interrupted time-series analysis to validate the changes in the use of physical restraint.

Results
In hospitals that received COVID-19-positive patients, the number of patients who were physically restrained per 1,000 hospital admissions increased after the government’s announcement, with a maximum incidence of 501.4 per 1,000 hospital admissions between the 73rd and 74th week after the announcement. Additionally, a significant increase in the use of physical restraints for elderly dementia patients was noted (p = 0.004) in hospitals that received COVID-19-positive patients. Elderly dementia patients who required personal care experienced a significant increase in the use of physical restraints during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Understanding the causes and mechanisms underlying an increased use of physical restraints for dementia patients can help design more effective care protocols for similar future situations.
Fundamental Boolean network modelling for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia pathways
Authors: Chen Leshi , Kulasiri Don , Samarasinghe Sandhya 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundA novel data‐driven Boolean model, namely, the fundamental Boolean model (FBM), has been proposed to draw genetic regulatory insights into gene activation, inhibition, and protein decay, published in 2018. This novel Boolean model facilitates the analysis of the activation and inhibition pathways. However, the novel model does not handle the situation well, where genetic regulation might require more time steps to complete.MethodsHere, we propose extending the fundamental Boolean modelling to address the issue that some gene regulations might require more time steps to complete than others. We denoted this extension model as the temporal fundamental Boolean model (TFBM) and related networks as the temporal fundamental Boolean networks (TFBNs). The leukaemia microarray datasets downloaded from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information have been adopted to demonstrate the utility of the proposed TFBM and TFBNs.ResultsWe developed the TFBNs that contain 285 components and 2775 Boolean rules based on TFBM on the leukaemia microarray datasets, which are in the form of short‐time series. The data contain gene expression measurements for 13 GC‐sensitive children under therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and each sample has three time points: 0 hour (before GC treatment), 6/8 hours (after GC treatment) and 24 hours (after GC treatment).ConclusionWe conclude that the proposed TFBM unlocks their predecessor’s limitation, i.e., FBM, that could help pharmaceutical agents identify any side effects on clinic‐related data. New hypotheses could be identified by analysing the extracted fundamental Boolean networks and analysing their up‐regulatory and down‐regulatory pathways.