bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical study on herbal market at the Dragon Boat Festival of Chuanqing people in China
Authors: Wang Qinghe , Zhao Ling , Gao Chi , Zhao Jiawen , Ren Zixuan , Shen Yuxiang , Yao Ruyu , Yin Hongxiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The Chuanqing people (穿青人) are a linguistic group native to the Guizhou Province of China, with unique culture and rich knowledge of traditional medicinal plants. Herbal market at Dragon Boat Festival (DBF) plays an important role in the inheritance of traditional medicinal knowledge among the Chuanqing people. This study aims to record the profile of medicinal plants of the Chuanqing people, discuss the dilemmas faced by their inheritance, and propose some strategies for passing down information, which is critical for the inheritance and protection of the Chuanqing people’s traditional medical knowledge.

Methods
Data were collected through key informants and semi-structured interviews and free listing. Collected voucher specimens were identified using by botanical taxonomy method and deposited in the herbarium. Data were analyzed through use-value (UV) and cultural importance index (CI) values. Medicinal plants were compared with the Information System of Chinese Rare and Endangered Plants of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results were compared with the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (ChP), the Quality Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine in Guizhou Province (QSG), and traditional medicines of Southeast Asian countries.

Results
A total of 102 species from 53 families and 92 genera were recorded, with Orchidaceae and Asparagaceae (six species each), and Berberidaceae and Asteraceae (five species each) as the predominant families. The whole plant (36%) was the most common medicinal part. Decoction (44%) was the most common preparation method. Seventy-one investigated human ailments were grouped into 12 categories. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (34 mentions) were most frequently mentioned in this study. Moreover, the most frequently used taxon was Hedera sinensis (Tobler) Hand.-Mazz. (UV and CI = 0.29). The Chuanqing people’s medicine was highly similar to ChP and QSG. In comparison with Southeast Asian countries’ traditional medicines, except for the same preparation methods, the similarities in terms of medicinal ingredients, plants, and disease treatment were very low.

Conclusions
The herbal market at the DBF is an important platform for exchanging knowledge about the Chuanqing people’s traditional medicinal plants. The Chuanqing people’s traditional medicine is facing many challenges to its inheritance and development. To solve these problems, this study highlights the traditional medicinal knowledge of the Chuanqing people, providing basic data for further research and protection of minority medicine.
Atrio-aortic erosion caused by Amplatzer Atrial Septal Occluder – a case report
Authors: Kamla Christine E. , Buech Joscha , Doldi Philipp M. , Hagl Christian , Juchem Gerd , Dashkevich Alexey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In specialized centers, percutaneous closure using specific occluders is the first-choice treatment in atrial septal defects (ASD). Late complications after this intervention, such as erosion of the aorta or the atria, are rare and have not been sufficiently approached and dealt with in literature. In our clinic we have been faced with the problematic situation of diagnosing and treating such cases. That is why, we have decided to share our experience with other colleagues.

Case presentation
We present two cases of severe late complications after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). In both cases, the atrial septal occluder (Amplatzer™ Atrial Septal Occluder Device, Abbott, Chicago USA) caused the erosion between the left atrium and the aortic root. The atrio-aortic erosion led to acute cardiac tamponade with upper venous congestion and shock. As the bleeding source remained undetectable for any imaging tools, a diagnostical sternotomy remained the only solution.
The cause of the acute bleeding was discovered to be the erosion between the left atrium and the aortic root. The treatment consisted in the removal of the occluder, direct suturing of the perforated areas and the surgical closure of the remaining ASD. The patients fully recovered within the nine to fourteen days’ hospital stay. Six months after surgery both patients were well and able to recover their daily routine.

Conclusions
The atrio-aortic erosion after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects is a surgical emergency. The more so, since it can be complicated by the absence of specific symptoms. A key-element in the diagnosis of this rare pathology remains the medical history of the patient, which the surgeon has to consider thoroughly and launch the diagnostic sternotomy without delay.
Increased detection of primary carnitine deficiency through second-tier newborn genetic screening
Authors: Lin Yiming , Zhang Weifeng , Huang Chenggang , Lin Chunmei , Lin Weihua , Peng Weilin , Fu Qingliu , Chen Dongmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNewborn screening for primary carnitine deficiency (NBS) is commonly implemented worldwide; however, it has poor sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of improving screening by including a second-tier genetic assay.ResultsAn Agena iPLEX assay was developed to identify 17 commonSLC22A5mutations in Chinese populations and was applied in NBS as a second-tier screening. From January 2017 to December 2018, 204,777 newborns were screened for PCD using tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 316 (0.15%) residual NBS-positive specimens with low free carnitine (C0) levels were subjected to this second-tier screening. The screening identified 20 screen-positive newborns who harboured biallelic mutations in theSLC22A5gene, 99 carriers with one mutation, and 197 screen-negative newborns with no mutations. Among the 99 carriers, four newborns were found to have a second disease-causingSLC22A5mutation by further genetic analysis. Among the 197 screen-negatives were four newborns with persistently low C0 levels, and further genetic analysis revealed that one newborn had two novelSLC22A5pathogenic variants. In total, 25 newborns were diagnosed with PCD, for a positive predictive value of 7.91% (25/316). Based on these data, we estimate the incidence of PCD in Quanzhou is estimated to be 1:8191.Thirteen distinctSLC22A5variants were identified, and the most common was c.760C > T, with an allelic frequency of 32% (16/50), followed by c.1400C > G (7/50, 14%), and c.51C > G (7/50, 14%).ConclusionData from this study revealed that 24% (6/25) of PCD cases would have been missed by conventional NBS. This high-throughput iPLEX assay is a powerful tool for PCD genotyping. The addition of this second-tier genetic screening to the current NBS program could identify missed PCD cases, thereby increasing PCD detection. However, further studies are needed to optimise the workflow of the new screening algorithm and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this screening approach.
Reduction of RUNX1 transcription factor activity by a CBFA2T3-mimicking peptide: application to B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jakobczyk Hélène , Debaize Lydie , Soubise Benoit , Avner Stéphane , Rouger-Gaudichon Jérémie , Commet Séverine , Jiang Yan , Sérandour Aurélien A. , Rio Anne-Gaëlle , Carroll Jason S. , Wichmann Christian , Lie-a-Ling Michael , Lacaud Georges , Corcos Laurent , Salbert Gilles , Galibert Marie-Dominique , Gandemer Virginie , Troadec Marie-Bérengère 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Identifying key players involved in proliferation of BCP-ALL cells is crucial to propose new therapeutic targets. Runt Related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) and Core-Binding Factor Runt Domain Alpha Subunit 2 Translocated To 3 (CBFA2T3, ETO2, MTG16) are master regulators of hematopoiesis and are implicated in leukemia.

Methods
We worked with BCP-ALL mononuclear bone marrow patients’ cells and BCP-ALL cell lines, and performed Chromatin Immunoprecipitations followed by Sequencing (ChIP-Seq), co-immunoprecipitations (co-IP), proximity ligation assays (PLA), luciferase reporter assays and mouse xenograft models.

Results
We demonstrated that CBFA2T3 transcript levels correlate with RUNX1 expression in the pediatric t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1 BCP-ALL. By ChIP-Seq in BCP-ALL patients’ cells and cell lines, we found that RUNX1 is recruited on its promoter and on an enhancer of CBFA2T3 located − 2 kb upstream CBFA2T3 promoter and that, subsequently, the transcription factor RUNX1 drives both RUNX1 and CBFA2T3 expression. We demonstrated that, mechanistically, RUNX1 and CBFA2T3 can be part of the same complex allowing CBFA2T3 to strongly potentiate the activity of the transcription factor RUNX1. Finally, we characterized a CBFA2T3-mimicking peptide that inhibits the interaction between RUNX1 and CBFA2T3, abrogating the activity of this transcription complex and reducing BCP-ALL lymphoblast proliferation.

Conclusions
Altogether, our findings reveal a novel and important activation loop between the transcription regulator CBFA2T3 and the transcription factor RUNX1 that promotes BCP-ALL proliferation, supporting the development of an innovative therapeutic approach based on the NHR2 subdomain of CBFA2T3 protein.
Targeting chemokines for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Authors: Hong Zixi , Wei Zimeng , Xie Tian , Fu Lin , Sun Jiaxing , Zhou Fuling , Jamal Muhammad , Zhang Qiuping , Shao Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the malignant clonal expansion of lymphoid hematopoietic precursors. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that regulate migration, positioning and interactions of cells. Many chemokine axes such as CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL25/CCR9 have been proved to play important roles in leukemia microenvironment and further affect ALL outcomes. In this review, we summarize the chemokines that are involved in ALL progression and elaborate on their roles and mechanisms in leukemia cell proliferation, infiltration, drug resistance and disease relapse. We also discuss the potential of targeting chemokine axes for ALL treatments, since many related inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in preclinical trials, and some of them have entered clinical trials.
Erythropoietin therapy in a case of neonatal anemia after exposure to natalizumab throughout pregnancy
Authors: Godano Elisabetta , Barra Fabio , Allodi Alessandra , Ferraiolo Antonella , Laroni Alice , Novi Giovanni , Mancardi Giovanni Luigi , Gustavino Claudio , Arioni Cesare 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. According to the current clinical recommendations, its use during pregnancy should be carefully evaluated only in women with highly active disease who plan a pregnancy or have an unplanned pregnancy, after accurate counseling about eventual maternal disease relapse due to therapy suspension.

Case presentation
This brief case report describes a case of documented anemia that we observed in a newborn whose mother with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was treated with an extended dosing protocol of natalizumab throughout pregnancy. The newborn received the infusion of erythropoietin every seven days from the fortieth day of life; subsequently, the status of anemia underwent clinical resolution.

Conclusions
This case report confirmed that natalizumab can cause disorders of hematopoiesis, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, or pancytopenia, in newborns of patients treated during pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team, including experienced pediatricians and pediatric hematologists, has a critical role in managing newborns delivered by women, being treated with natalizumab for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during pregnancy.
Expression of Ascaris lumbricoides putative virulence-associated genes when infecting a human host
Authors: Mohd-Shaharuddin Norashikin , Lim Yvonne Ai Lian , Ngui Romano , Nathan Sheila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common causative agent of soil-transmitted helminth infections worldwide, with an estimated 450 million people infected with this nematode globally. It is suggested that helminths are capable of evading and manipulating the host immune system through the release of a spectrum of worm proteins which underpins their long-term survival in the host. We hypothesise that the worm overexpresses these proteins when infecting adults compared to children to cirvumvent the more robust defence mechanisms of adults. However, little is known about the parasite’s genes and encoded proteins involved during A. lumbricoides infection. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the expression profile of putative virulence-associated genes during an active infection of adults and children.

Methods
In this study, quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the expression profile of putative virulence-associated genes in A. lumbricoides isolated from infected children and adults. The study was initiated by collecting adult worms expelled from adults and children following anthelminthic treatment. High-quality RNA was successfully extracted from each of six adult worms expelled by three adults and three children, respectively. Eleven putative homologues of helminth virulence-associated genes reported in previous studies were selected, primers were designed and specific amplicons of A. lumbricoides genes were noted. The expression profiles of these putative virulence-associated genes in A. lumbricoides from infected adults were compared to those in A. lumbricoides from infected children.

Results
The putative virulence-associated genes VENOM, CADHERIN and PEBP were significantly upregulated at 166-fold, 13-fold and fivefold, respectively, in adults compared to children. Conversely, the transcription of ABA-1 (fourfold), CATH-L (threefold) and INTEGRIN (twofold) was significantly suppressed in A. lumbricoides from infected adults.

Conclusions
On the basis of the expression profile of the putative virulence-associated genes, we
propose that the encoded proteins have potential roles in evasion mechanisms, which could guide the development of therapeutic interventions.

Graphical Abstract
A cookbook for DNase Hi-C
Authors: Gridina Maria , Mozheiko Evgeniy , Valeev Emil , Nazarenko Ludmila P. , Lopatkina Maria E. , Markova Zhanna G. , Yablonskaya Maria I. , Voinova Viktoria Yu , Shilova Nadezhda V. , Lebedev Igor N. , Fishman Veniamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Hi-C technique is widely employed to study the 3-dimensional chromatin architecture and to assemble genomes. The conventional in situ Hi-C protocol employs restriction enzymes to digest chromatin, which results in nonuniform genomic coverage. Using sequence-agnostic restriction enzymes, such as DNAse I, could help to overcome this limitation.ResultsIn this study, we compare different DNAse Hi-C protocols and identify the critical steps that significantly affect the efficiency of the protocol. In particular, we show that the SDS quenching strategy strongly affects subsequent chromatin digestion. The presence of biotinylated oligonucleotide adapters may lead to ligase reaction by-products, which can be avoided by rational design of the adapter sequences. Moreover, the use of nucleotide-exchange enzymes for biotin fill-in enables simultaneous labelling and repair of DNA ends, similar to the conventional Hi-C protocol. These improvements simplify the protocol, making it less expensive and time-consuming.ConclusionsWe propose a new robust protocol for the preparation of DNAse Hi-C libraries from cultured human cells and blood samples supplemented with experimental controls and computational tools for the evaluation of library quality.
Diarrhea in an infant due to Shigella flexneri 1 carrying multiple cephalosporinase-encoding genes
Authors: Albert M. John , Purohit Prashant , Poirel Laurent , Carter Glen , Bulach Dieter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant shigellae resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins are becoming more prevalent in the Middle East. We report a case of severe diarrhea due to a multiresistant Shigella flexneri 1 strain carrying four different ß-lactamase genes.

Case presentation
A one-year-old Syrian infant presented with severe acute diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. She did not respond to empirical treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid followed by cefotaxime. Later, stool culture revealed S. flexneri 1 resistant to both these drugs. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem to which S. flexneri 1 was susceptible. The isolate was resistant to eight classes of antibiotics, and the whole genome sequence (WGS) identified four ß-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaEC-8, blaOXA-1, and blaTEM-1) along with genes mediating resistance to seven other antibiotic classes. The WGS also identified several virulence genes including senA that encodes ShET-2 which induces watery diarrhea. Phylogenetically, the isolate was closely related to isolates from South Asia.

Conclusions
This report highlights the emergence of extremely resistant Shigella that has acquired multiple resistance genes to cephalosporins rendering these drugs ineffective.
Whole genome mapping and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of four Bangladeshi individuals and their functional significance
Authors: Khan Salim , Akter Shahina , Goswami Barna , Habib Ahashan , Banu Tanjina Akhtar , Barton Carl , Osman Eshrar , Samir Samiruzzaman , Arjuman Farida , Hasan Saam , Hossain Maqsud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
The major objective of the study was to sequence the whole genome of four Bangladeshi individuals and identify variants that are known to be associated with functional changes or disease states. We also carried out an ontology analysis to identify the functions and pathways most likely to be affected by these variants.

Results
We identified around 900,000 common variants and close to 5 million unique ones in all four of the individuals. This included over 11,500 variants that caused nonsynonymous changes in proteins. Heart function associated pathways were heavily implicated by the ontology analysis; corroborating previous studies that claimed the Bangladeshi population as highly susceptible to heart disorders. Two variants were found that have been previously identified as pathogenic factors in familial hypercholesteremia and structural disorders of the heart. Other pathogenic variants we found were associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, cancer progression, polyagglutinable erythrocyte syndrome, preeclampsia, and others.
Epigenetic evidence of an Ac/Dc axis by VPA and SAHA
Authors: Lunke Sebastian , Maxwell Scott , Khurana Ishant , K.N. Harikrishnan , Okabe Jun , Al-Hasani Keith , El-Osta Assam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most commonly used anti-epileptic drugs with pharmacological actions on GABA and blocking voltage-gated ion channels. VPA also inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid is also a member of a larger class of compounds that inhibit HDACs. At the time of this article, there are 123 active international clinical trials for VPA (also known as valproate, convulex, divalproex, and depakote) and SAHA (vorinostat, zolinza). While it is well known that VPA and SAHA influence the accumulation of acetylated lysine residues on histones, their true epigenetic complexity remains poorly understood.

Results
Primary human cells were exposed to VPA and SAHA to understand the extent of histone acetylation (H3K9/14ac) using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). Because histone acetylation is often associated with modification of lysine methylation, we also examined H3K4me3 and H3K9me3. To assess the influence of the HDAC inhibitors on gene expression, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). ChIP-seq reveals a distribution of histone modifications that is robust and more broadly regulated than previously anticipated by VPA and SAHA. Histone acetylation is a characteristic of the pharmacological inhibitors that influenced gene expression. Surprisingly, we observed histone deacetylation by VPA stimulation is a predominant signature following SAHA exposure and thus defines an acetylation/deacetylation (Ac/Dc) axis. ChIP-seq reveals regionalisation of histone acetylation by VPA and broader deacetylation by SAHA. Independent experiments confirm H3K9/14 deacetylation of NFκB target genes by SAHA.

Conclusions
The results provide an important framework for understanding the Ac/Dc axis by highlighting a broader complexity of histone modifications by the most established and efficacious anti-epileptic medication in this class, VPA and comparison with the broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor, SAHA.
The effect of Co-Q10 on allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma
Authors: Du Qixue , Meng Wei , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Wang Renzhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease resulting from continued or intermittent allergen exposure, and allergic rhinitis can be trigger of asthma. The main mechanism of these disease is allergic reaction and immune response dysregulation. Co-Q10 is an enzyme cofactor in mitochondria can control asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms. In the present study, we determined that the CoQ10-induced anti-allergic effects were mediated by up-regulation of Nrf2.

Methods
Animal models of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma were produced and treated with Co-Q10, Co-Q10 and O-3, Co-Q10 and Mg-S. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from animal models, and IL-4, 5, 13, INF-y, Eicosanoids, IgE, EPO, and histamine production were measured. Also, COX-2, CCL24, CCL11, Nrf2, Eotaxin, Cytb, COX1 and ND1 genes expressions and histopathology were studied. BALf's cells were collected by tracheostomy and used in slide producing by cytospine. Cytokines, Eicosanoids, IgE, EPO, and histamine were measured by ELISA method. Gene expression was done by Real-time PCR.

Results
Co-Q10 with two supplementation (Mg-S and O-3) modulate MRC, BALf eosinophils, eosinophilic inflammation related genes (eotaxin, CCL11 and CCL24), peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, EPO, type 2 cytokines (IL-4, 5 and 13), IgE, histamine, Cyc-LT and LTB4 as main allergic bio-factors. Importantly, Co-Q10 treatment increased Nrf2 expression and Nrf2 induced antioxidant genes, glutathione redox and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress injury, Th2 cytokines production and attenuated allergic inflammatory responses.

Conclusion
Nrf2 is activated in response to allergen, induces resistance against the rhinitis and asthma development and plays an essential role in broncho-protection. Co-Q10 increases the Nrf2 expression and the Nrf2 over-expression has strong effect in control of type2 cytokines, allergic mediators and inflammatory factors that lead to harnessing of allergy and asthma.

Graphic abstract