bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing high‐level self‐adaptive abstractions for stream parallelism on multicores
Authors: Vogel Adriano , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStream processing applications are common computing workloads that demand parallelism to increase their performance. As in the past, parallel programming remains a difficult task for application programmers. The complexity increases when application programmers must set nonintuitive parallelism parameters, that is, the degree of parallelism. The main problem is that state‐of‐the‐art libraries use a static degree of parallelism and are not sufficiently abstracted for developing stream processing applications. In this article, we propose a self‐adaptive regulation of the degree of parallelism to provide higher‐level abstractions. Flexibility is provided to programmers with two new self‐adaptive strategies, one is for performance experts, and the other abstracts the need to set a performance goal. We evaluated our solution using compiler transformation rules to generate parallel code with the SPar domain‐specific language. The experimental results with real‐world applications highlighted higher abstraction levels without significant performance degradation in comparison to static executions. The strategy for performance experts achieved slightly higher performance than the one that works without user‐defined performance goals.
Design process for system of systems reconfigurations
Authors: Petitdemange Franck , Borne Isabelle , Buisson Jérémy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSystems of systems (SoSs) constitute a particular class of systems, whose constituents are themselves systems in their own right. Such systems present architectures that dynamically change in a way that is not necessarily intended at the time of design. We target a kind of SoS that is subject to evolutionary development and propose a reconfiguration design process that guides the architect in charge of SoS engineering by indicating the tasks that must be accomplished to develop a reconfiguration for evolutionary development. Finally, our process is applied to design a reconfiguration in the context of a realistic case study inspired by the French emergency services .
Effects of Constant Parameters on Optimum Design of Axially Symmetric Cylindrical Reinforced Concrete Walls
Authors: Kayabekir Aylin Ece 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a metaheuristic‐based optimization methodology for optimum design of axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete walls that are a type of thin shells. In the methodology, recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm called Jaya algorithm is conducted with well‐known method called flexibility theory. The thickness of the wall is defined as a design variable of the optimization problem and the total material cost, including concrete and steel bars, is the objective function. Reinforced concrete design is done according to rules of regulation ACI 318‐Building code requirements for structural concrete. The proposed method is performed for different numerical cases of design constants to investigate effects of the wall height, dome height and thickness, and specific weight of stored liquid on optimum parameters for different support conditions. The investigation includes the optimum design of axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete walls with and without domes. Analyzes were done for a total of 13,650 different situations, and various expressions such as linear, parabolic, and exponential were also proposed to assist engineers in their practical applications. According to the results of the analysis, it has been revealed that each investigated case has an effect on the optimum results and the proposed equations are successful in finding values quite close to the optimum design.
Lihengia: A new genus of Asteraceae distinct from Dubyaea
Authors: Chen You‐Sheng , Xu Lian‐Sheng , Ke Rui , Harris Aj , Li Hui‐Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new genus, Lihengia, is established for two species presently treated within Dubyaea, which is proved to be paraphyletic in the present study, even after exclusion of Lihengia. Dubyaea is a genus of about 15 species endemic to the Sino‐Himalayan region that are treated within subtribe Crepidinae of tribe Cichorieae within Asteraceae. Stebbins suggested that Dubyaea may contain species representing direct ancestors of several widerspread genera in tribe Cichorieae, thus making phylogenetic reconstruction challenging. We tested the monophyly of Dubyaea using a molecular phylogeny reconstructed from ITS and five plastid fragment sequences (petD, psbA‐trnH, 5′trnL(UAA)‐trnF, rpl32‐trnL(UAG), trnQ(UUG)‐5′rps16) and sampling comprising Dubyaea and related species within the tribe Cichorieae. We resolved Dubyaea species within at least two separate clades of tribe Cichorieae. Most species of Dubyaea occurred in subtribe Crepidinae, while Dubyaea sect. Amoena was placed in subtribe Lactucinae. Based on our findings, we erect Lihengia as a new genus to accommodate the species of D. sect. Amoena, and, consequently, we propose two new combinations. We discuss the morphological and cytological support for the new genus.
Achieving a good impression: Reputation management and performance goals
Authors: Good Kayla , Shaw Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhether a student wants to improve their ability (i.e., has learning goals) or demonstrate it (i.e., has performance goals) plays an important role in their learning and motivation; students focused on the latter tend to avoid taking on challenges and seeking help when they need it. In the achievement literature, these different goals are thought to result primarily from holding different mindsets about whether one's ability is malleable or fixed. We argue, however, that this traditional framework has largely overlooked the powerful role that reputational concerns play in influencing which achievement goals students pursue. Specifically, reputational concerns may drive students to pursue performance goals and “prove” their ability to others, irrespective of their mindsets. We argue that closely investigating these concerns may help uncover new mechanisms by which performance goals are fostered and maintained as well as new strategies for developing interventions aimed at encouraging learning goals. Finally, we offer suggestions for how the achievement and reputation management literatures can be productively brought to bear on one another in future research.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision MakingPsychology > Emotion and MotivationPsychology > Development and Aging
Wind turbine event detection by support vector machine
Authors: Hu Congcong , Albertani Roberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsidering the increase in the deployment of wind energy conversion systems, improving the coexistence between wind turbines and wildlife with an efficient method for blade impact assessment is of primary importance. Automated blade‐impacts on potential wildlife monitoring can support the development and operations of wind farms. A substantial challenge is represented by the typical case of impacts vibrations signature embedded in the operational vibrations of the wind turbine. A heterogeneous multisensor system for automatic eagle detection and deterrent, including an automatic blade‐event detection module, was developed providing the necessary field data. An automated blade event detection system, based on support vector machine, a form of machine learning, was developed and tested. Training of the algorithm was performed using features extracted from vibration signals and energy distribution graphs obtained from numerical simulations of blade impacts. Performance of the method, evaluated using numerical simulations at different levels of signal‐to‐noise ratios, relative to artificial impacts, showed the best results when trained using combined raw vibration signal and time marginal integration graphs, exhibiting an overall accuracy of 93% at
. The proposed model was tailored for improving specificity (i.e., false negative error), a critical aspect for endangered species events. Performance of the trained algorithm evaluating field data exhibited an improvement in impact detection from a visually identifiable rate of 42% to true positive prediction rate of 75%. The system could perform, with appropriate training, diverse functions as components health monitoring or lighting strike automatic monitoring.
Review of life cycle greenhouse gases, air pollutant emissions and costs of road medium and heavy‐duty trucks
Authors: Machado Pedro G. , Teixeira Ana C. R. , Collaço Flavia M. A. , Mouette Dominique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe desired energy transition to guarantee net‐zero greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions needs to take place in every sector of the global economy. The transport sector is responsible for a large share of energy consumption and GHGs emissions while contributing to the increase in air pollution. Although new technologies are available, the use of diesel in road transport is still predominant. These new technologies, nonetheless, still present inconsistencies in their environment, economic performances and do not necessarily provide improvements when considering the entire fuel life cycle used in medium and heavy‐duty trucks. This systematic review addresses the uncertainties in life cycle studies regarding the road transport sector fuel consumption, GHGs, and air pollutant emissions economic analyses. Results show that there are higher chances of reducing GHGs emissions through biogas or fuel‐cell hydrogen trucks, while PM2.5and NOx emissions have higher chances of being reduced with fuel‐cell hydrogen or natural gas trucks. There is, however, a reduced interest by the scientific community in the transport literature in dealing with air pollutants, and the focus is mainly on GHGs emissions. When it comes to economic viability, natural gas and hybrid trucks are the best substitutes.This article is categorized under:Energy and Transport > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Transport > Climate and EnvironmentEnergy and Climate > Climate and Environment
A Fluorescent Titanium‐based Metal‐Organic Framework Sensor for Nitro‐aromatics Detection
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yan Yu , Chen Faqiang , Bai Gongxun , Xu Hui , Xu Shiqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA rare fluorescent nanoscale titanium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) material, Ti6(μ3‐O)6(μ2‐OH)6(BTB)2(DMF)2 (ZSTU‐2) was synthesized and realized for highly sensitive sensing of nitro‐aromatic compounds. ZSTU‐2 exhibited high fluorescence intensity with blue luminescence and stability in water. ZSTU‐2 exhibited significant luminescent quenching effects upon the addition of nitro‐aromatic compounds, especially for picric acid (PA). The limit of detection (LOD) for PA reaches 2.37 μM and the Ksv value is 2.266×104 M−1.
Dark initial state radiation and the kinetic mixing portal
Authors: Rizzo Thomas G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractData from Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) place important constraints on models with light dark matter (DM) and light mediators especially when both lie in the mass range below∼1 GeV. In models involving kinetic mixing where the dark photon acts as the mediator, these constraints are easily satisfied and the appropriate DM relic density achievable if the DM is, e.g., a complex scalar, wherep-wave annihilation occurs, or is the lighter component of a split pseudo-Dirac state where co-annihilation dominates. In both of these cases, although higher order in the dark gauge coupling,gD, the corresponding annihilation processes including dark photon initial state radiation (ISR) will be dominantlys-wave with essentially temperature independent cross sections. The rates for these dark ISR associated processes, though not yielding cross sections large enough to contribute to the relic density, can still run into possible conflicts with the bounds arising from the CMB. In this paper we perform a preliminary study of the present and potential future constraints that the CMB imposes on the parameter spaces for both of these scenarios due to the existence of this dark ISR. Further analyses of the effects of dark ISR in DM annihilation is clearly warranted.
A high-frequency non-resonant elliptical vibration-assisted cutting device for diamond turning microstructured surfaces
Authors: Wang Zhengjian , Luo Xichun , Liu Haitao , Ding Fei , Chang Wenlong , Yang Liang , Zhang Jianguo , Cox Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, research has begun to focus on the development of non-resonant elliptical vibration-assisted cutting (EVC) devices, because this technique offers good flexibility in manufacturing a wide range of periodic microstructures with different wavelengths and heights. However, existing non-resonant EVC devices for diamond turning can only operate at relatively low frequencies, which limits their machining efficiencies and attainable microstructures. This paper concerns the design and performance analysis of a non-resonant EVC device to overcome the challenge of low operational frequency. The structural design of the non-resonant EVC device was proposed, adopting the leaf spring flexure hinge (LSFH) and notch hinge prismatic joint (NHPJ) to mitigate the cross-axis coupling of the reciprocating displacements of the diamond tool and to combine them into an elliptical trajectory. Finite element analysis (FEA) using the mapped meshing method was performed to assist the determination of the key dimensional parameters of the flexure hinges in achieving high operational frequency while considering the cross-axis coupling and modal characteristics. The impact of the thickness of the LSFH on the sequence of the vibrational mode shape for the non-resonant EVC device was also quantitatively revealed in this study. Moreover, a reduction in the thickness of the LSFH can reduce the natural frequency of the non-resonant EVC device, thereby influencing the upper limit of its operational frequency. It was also found that a decrease in the neck thickness of the NHPJ can reduce the coupling ratio. Experimental tests were conducted to systematically evaluate the heat generation, cross-axis coupling, modal characteristics and diamond tool’s elliptical trajectory of a prototype of the designed device. The test results showed that it could operate at a high frequency of up to 5 kHz. The cross-axis coupling ratio and heat generation of the prototype are both at an acceptable level. The machining flexibility and accuracy of the device in generating microstructures of different wavelengths and heights through tuning operational frequency and input voltage have also been demonstrated via manufacturing the micro-dimple arrays and two-tier microstructured surfaces. High-precision microstructures were obtained with 1.26% and 10.67% machining errors in wavelength and height, respectively.
Absence of the celiac trunk and anomalous very low origin of the common hepatic artery arising independently from the abdominal aorta just above aortic bifurcation in patient undergoing radical pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Mrowiec Sławomir , Król Robert , Jabłońska Beata 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Knowledge of anomalies of the celiac trunk is very important during various surgical procedures (such as pancreatic and gastric resections including Appleby operation, liver resections and liver transplantations) and as well as radiologic procedures (such as chemoembolization of pancreatic and hepatic tumors).

Methods
A 77-years-old woman was admitted to our department for surgical treatment of ampullary adenocarcinoma G2 confirmed in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with papillotomy and ampullary biopsy. In the contrast-enhanced computed tomography, the ampullary tumor was not visible, but the main pancreatic duct within pancreatic head and isthmus was dilated (indirect radiological tumor signs). An absence of the celiac trunk (CT) was established via computed tomography. Therefore, computed tomography-based angiography (angio-CT) of the abdominal aorta (AA) was performed before operation.

Results
Angio-CT confirmed an extremely rare vascular anomaly: an absence of CT. The left gastric (LGA), splenic (SA), and common hepatic (CHA) arteries connected above origin of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from the AA. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was performed. This anomaly was also confirmed intraoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10. There were no signs of recurrence of the tumor during the 6 months follow-up.

Conclusion
The proper preoperative identification of anomalies within major abdominal vessels and its relationship to the tumor is very important to avoid intraoperative vascular injury and major postoperative complications.
The mechanism of filler items in the response time concealed information test
Authors: Lukács Gáspár , Ansorge Ulrich 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe response time concealed information test (RT-CIT) can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant (probe) item among other, irrelevant items, based on slower responding to the probe compared to the irrelevant items. Therefore, if this person is concealing the knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be unveiled. Adding familiarity-related filler items to the task has been shown to substantially increase the validity of the method, but assumptions for this effect have never been tested before. In the present series of three experiments (N = 511), we tested several factors, most of which were found to indeed influence the enhancing effects of fillers. First, larger enhancement is achieved when a smaller proportion of fillers shares the response key with the target. Second, familiarity context does play a role in the enhancement, and the target sharing its response key with the familiarity-referring fillers leads to larger enhancement. Third, mere symbolic fillers (such as simple arrow-like characters) also lead to enhancement, but filler words without task-relevant meaning are not effective. Fourth, small visual differences (lettercase or underlining) between fillers and the rest of the items have no significant influence. All this provides justification for the original structure of the fillers and also demonstrates that the enhancement is highly generalizable: Fillers have a potential to improve the RT-CIT regardless of deception scenario, item types, or the examinee's language comprehension.
Ecological, (epi)genetic and physiological aspects of bet-hedging in angiosperms
Authors: Gianella Maraeva , Bradford Kent J. , Guzzon Filippo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Key message
Bet-hedging is a complex evolutionary strategy involving morphological, eco-physiological, (epi)genetic and population dynamics aspects. We review these aspects in flowering plants and propose further research needed for this topic.
Bet-hedging is an evolutionary strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. It has evolved in organisms subjected to variable cues from the external environment, be they abiotic or biotic stresses such as irregular rainfall or predation. In flowering plants, bet-hedging is exhibited by hundreds of species and is mainly exerted by reproductive organs, in particular seeds but also embryos and fruits. The main example of bet-hedging in angiosperms is diaspore heteromorphism in which the same individual produces different seed/fruit morphs in terms of morphology, dormancy, eco-physiology and/or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to ‘hedge its bets’ in unpredictable environments. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ecological, genetic, epigenetic and physiological aspects involved in shaping bet-hedging strategies, and how these can affect population dynamics. We identify several open research questions about bet-hedging strategies in plants: 1) understanding ecological trade-offs among different traits; 2) producing more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses to understand the diffusion and evolutionary implications of this strategy; 3) clarifying epigenetic mechanisms related to bet-hedging and plant responses to environmental cues; and 4) applying multi-omics approaches to study bet-hedging at different levels of detail. Clarifying those aspects of bet-hedging will deepen our understanding of this fascinating evolutionary strategy.
Population genetics and host specificity of Varroa destructor mites infesting eastern and western honeybees
Authors: Lin Zheguang , Wang Shuai , Neumann Peter , Chen Gongwen , Page Paul , Li Li , Hu Fuliang , Zheng Huoqing , Dietemann Vincent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a globalized world, parasites are often brought in contact with new potential hosts. When parasites successfully shift host, severe diseases can emerge at a large cost to society. However, the evolutionary processes leading to successful shifts are rarely understood, hindering risk assessment, prevention, or mitigation of their effects. Here, we screened populations ofVarroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of the honeybee genusApis, to investigate their genetic structure and reproductive potential on new and original hosts. From the patterns identified, we deduce the factors that influenced the macro- and microevolutionary processes that led to the structure observed. Among the mite variants identified, we found two genetically similar populations that differed in their reproductive abilities and thus in their host specificity. These lineages could interbreed, which represents a threat due to the possible increased virulence of the parasite on its original host. However, interbreeding was unidirectional from the host-shifted to the nonshifted native mites and could thus lead to speciation of the former. The results improve our understanding of the processes affecting the population structure and evolution of this economically important mite genus and suggest that introgression between shifted and nonshifted lineages may endanger the original host.