bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral scaling of the 1985 to 1988 Nahanni, Northwest Territories, earthquakes
Authors: Boore David M. , Atkinson Gail M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sequence of earthquakes that began in October 1985 near the Nahanni River, Northwest Territories, Canada, provides an exceptional opportunity to study the variation with magnitude of the source spectra from intraplate earthquakes. We study the spectral scaling for the seven largest events, using P waves recorded at stations of the Western Canada Telemetred Network (WCTN), the Eastern Canada Telemetred Network (ECTN), and the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN). These earthquakes range in size from M = 4.8 to M = 6.8. We compare predictions from various source-scaling models with observed spectral ratios and source acceleration spectra for the suite of events. The spectral ratios show a strong azimuthal dependence, which is probably due to differences in the focal mechanisms or rupture characteristics of the events. Taking the average of the ratios from individual GDSN stations as the best representation of the spectral ratios, an ω-squared model with a constant stress parameter or one that increases slightly with moment magnitude gives a simultaneous fit to both the spectral ratios and to the absolute spectra. The high-frequency spectral levels, by themselves, imply a somewhat stronger dependence of the stress parameter on moment than found from fitting the overall spectra. The stress parameters for the scaling laws are less than 35 bars for earthquakes as large as M = 7. Recently proposed scaling laws in which the corner frequency is proportional to the inverse quarter root of seismic moment for an ω-squared model are not consistent with the data and neither are ω-cubed models.The spectral scaling for the sequence of Nahanni earthquakes may not be representative of intraplate magnitude scaling in general, since there is some evidence that aftershocks do not exhibit the same scaling as main shocks. The high-frequency spectral levels of the aftershocks of both the Nahanni and the 9 January 1989 Miramichi, New Brunswick, earthquakes imply stress parameters that increase with magnitude. By contrast, the spectral levels for a series of main shocks in eastern North America show less magnitude dependence of the stress, and generally higher stress levels when compared to aftershocks of the same magnitude.
Evidence of shear-wave anisotropy in the upper crust of central Italy
Authors: Iannaccone G. , Deschamps A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Shear-wave polarization analysis has been performed on data from twelve earthquakes recorded in central Italy. These data are part of a set of high quality seismograms recorded by a three-component digital network installed in Abruzzo region after a Ms = 5.8 earthquake on 7 May 1984. Analysis performed on 2 to 6 Hz bandpass-filtered seismograms reveals shear-wave splitting. In order to determine the direction for which the time separation between the two split S waves is maximum, the horizontal traces are rotated in the range 10 to 90° with steps of 10°. At each step the cross-correlation between the two shear waves and the time separation is estimated. The azimuth of 50°N yields the highest correlation coefficient and the maximum time separation of about 0.09 sec. This direction and the orthogonal to it represent axes of minimum and maximum shear-wave velocity respectively. If the time delay is distributed over the whole hypocenter-seismic station path, the maximum variation in velocity is at least 1.4 per cent. The theoretical linear polarization of particle motion at the source is verified after correcting the seismograms for the anisotropic propagation effect. A distribution of vertical cracks aligned in the direction 140°N may explain the observed anisotropy. The stress field deduced from the focal mechanism of the Abruzzo earthquake is compatible with this hypothetical crack distribution.
Teknologi Pengolahan Air Gambut Untuk Santri Ponpes Al Mursyidul Amin Gambut
Authors: Legowo Agung Cahyo 
Published: July 2021

Air sebagai salah satu kebutuhan utama untuk menunjang kehidupan manusia memiliki resiko berupa adanya penyakit bawaan air (water borne disease). Seperti permasalahan di pondok pesantren Al Mursyidul Amin. Para santri mengalami keluhan penyakit kulit diantaranya kutu air, luka lecet hingga bernanah. Pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih harus sesuai persyaratan kualitas air bersih yang distandarkan. Air gambut secara umum tidak memenuhi persyaratan. Air gambut adalah air permukaan yang banyak terdapat di daerah rawa maupun dataran rendah. Pengolahan air gambut menjadi air bersih yang umum dilakukan dengan metode flokulasi, koagulasi dan sedimentasi. Pondok pesantren Al Mursyidul Amin menggunakan air gambut untuk keperluan santri. Kondisi Air gambut yang diperoleh dari sumur dengan karakteristik air gambut yang berwarna kuning kecoklatan, keruh dan terdapat endapan dengan nilai TDS 2675, sedangkan pH air gambut diwilayah pondok pesantren ini tergolong netral 6,8 dan wilayah yang mendekati pantai sehingga tersusupi air payau yang terasa asin akibat intrusi air laut. Solusi yang ditawarkan pada kegiatan adalah 1) Pemasangan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Gambut, 2) Workshop tentang TPAG 3) Workshop tentang program hidup bersih sehat. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi, praktik, kerja mandiri, kerjasama & pendampingan. Keberhasilan metode yang diterapkan diukur dengan menggunakan pendekatan proses & produk, melalui metode observasi & wawancara sebelum & setelah kegiatan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah telah terlaksananya kegiatan pengabdian dengan lancar seperti pembuatan dan pemasangan instalasi teknik pengolah air gambut, sosialisasi PHBS, pelatihan pembuatan sabun cair cuci tangan, penyuluhan teknik penjernih air dan pembuatan westapel otomatis.
Penerapan Budidaya Melati Berdasarkan Gap di Kawasan Florikultura Jingah Habang Ilir Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Susanti Hilda 
Published: July 2021

The community service activity entitled the application of jasmine cultivation based on the gap in the Jingah Habang ilir floriculture area of Banjar district was carried out on September 12, 2019. This activity was carried out in the form of training with lecture methods, discussions/questions and answers, and quizzes. This activity aims to (1) provide knowledge and guidance to farmers regarding jasmine cultivation based on GAP, (2) assist local governments in developing floriculture areas in Banjar Regency. The target audience of this community service activity are jasmine producing farmers in the floriculture area of Jingah Habang Ilir village, Karang Intan district, Banjar district, South Kalimantan. The results of community service were measured descriptively from the responses given during the training activities, as well as from the follow-up carried out by producer farmers after the training. Follow-up by producer farmers is seen from filling out questionnaires carried out by 10 producer farmers in 2021. The level of achievement can be achieved through changes in thinking and attitudes in carrying out jasmine cultivation based on GAP. Based on the findings in this community service activity, it can be seen that the jasmine cultivation that has been carried out by producer farmers only uses empirical science, namely science based on the experience of ancestors, as well as "trial and error" that occurs in the field. The evaluation carried out after 1.5 years of training in 2021 showed that the implementation of the GAP for jasmine cultivation that had been carried out by farmers was 100% having carried out land management both using machines and human power. Farmers have prepared the seeds according to the recommendation, namely 90% have used stem cuttings with a brownish green color. Farmers have provided complete fertilizer containing N, P, and K, of which 40% have fertilized 3 times a year. Farmers still need assistance to apply GAP to other components of cultivation practices to make the floriculture area in Banjar district sustainable.
Media Video Ekosistem Lahan Basah untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan Mitigasi Bencana pada Anak Usia Sekolah (13-15 tahun) di Desa Sungai Lumbah Kecamatan Alalak Kabupaten Batola
Authors: Setiawan Faisal Arif , Arisanty Deasy - , Adyatma Sidharta - , Saputra Aswin Nur 
Published: July 2021

Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyaratakat dengan dengan video merupakan salah satu sosialisasi mitigasi bencana. Mitigasi bencana adalah langkah meminimalisir kerugian ketika sebelum dan sesudah bencana. Kondisi alam yang luas seperti lahan basah menyulitkan masyarakat dalam mengidektifikasi kerusakan lingkungan. Kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi kerusakan lingkungan akan menyebabkan sikap acuh. Dampaknya adalah ketika bencana terjadi maka kerugian yang ditimbulkan akan semakin besar. Pengenalan lingkungan dan potensi bencananya perlu disampaikan kepada generasi anak sekolah dengan tujuan memunculkan kesadaran dan kemampuan mitigasi bencana pada diri anak. Penggunaan media video merupakan alat yang efektif dalam menyampaikan permasalahan lingkungan yang luas dan konkret. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) berikut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mitigasi bencana anak usia sekolah (usia 13-15 tahun). Peserta kegiatan adalah anak usia 13-15 tahun di Desa Sungai Lumbah, Kecamatan Alalak, Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan sebanyak satu kali secara luring. Metode kegiatan meliputi: (1)Pembukaan dan Pre tes (2) Menyaksikan Video; (3) Diskusi dan tanya jawab; dan (4) Post tes dan penutup. Instrumen kemampuan mitigasi bencana terdiri dari 5 aspek: (1) Pengetahuan umum risiko bencana, (2) respon terhadap bencana, (3) sistem peringatan bencana, (4) kearifan lokal mitigasi bencana, (5) tindakan ketika terjadi bencana.
Linguo-stylistic peculiarities of English advertising texts in the field of mechanical engineering
Authors: Tikan Yana , Yushchuk Valeriia 
Published: July 2021

The article studies linguo-stylistic peculiarities of English advertising texts in the field of mechanical engineering. Advertising text is one of the relevant topics for linguistic research, as advertising is a dynamic phenomenon. Its development predetermines the systematization of linguo-stylistic peculiarities within English advertising texts. The aim of the article is to analyse the use of expressive linguo-stylistic devices in English-language advertising texts in the field of mechanical engineering considering their structural composition. The subject of research is English-language advertising texts in the field of mechanical engineering. The article theoretically substantiates the terminological apparatus of the research: different approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the concepts "advertising", "advertising text" and "advertising discourse" were considered. The structural features of the advertising text and their functions are also analysed. The article provides several classifications of leading scholars, on the basis of which further analysis was conducted. The study was based on the official English-language sites of such leading companies in the industry as BMW, Jaguar, Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Lexus, Saturn, Audi, Subaru, Suzuki, Hyundai and others. The article focuses on the examples of expressive linguo-stylistic devices in each of the structural elements of the English advertising text in the field of mechanical engineering, taking into account the frequency of their use. The peculiarities of their functioning in media texts were also analyzed, considering pragmatics and communication strategies aimed at the recipient of the advertising message. In the course of the analysis, manipulative features of linguo-stylistic devices were indicated and outlined with the help of relevant examples.

Keywords: advertising; advertising text; advertising discourse; field of mechanical engineering; linguo-stylistic peculiarities; manipulative features.
Family as a national archetype of forming aristocratic personality: relationship between Lesia Ukrainka and Mykhailo Drahomanov.
Authors: Myslovych Nataliia 
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of the Kosach-Dragomanov family is considered in this article as a national archetype of the Ukrainian mentality, the influence of this family on the formation of such an aristocratic personality as Lesіa Ukrainka during difficult times of socio-political life. Special attention has been paid to the creative and human relationships between Lesia and her uncle Mykhailo Drahomanov whose influence on her was undeniable and extremely beneficial. Her pedigree in particular has been traced. Heredity of generations, the appearance of ingenious personalities is always the subject of special attention. The decisive moment in defining these processes is the appearance of new people, more precisely people of new formation, people of progressive thinking, who are the driving force and foundation of historical change. New generations should not be indifferent to their great predecessors. Lesіa Ukrainka as a creative nature could not be indifferent to the talents and skills of talented people, the circle of her friends, acquaintances and supporters was extremely wide as well as the measurement of her interests. The subject of this article is to highlight the important role of the family and the environment in general in forming a young person as a personality. The challenges of the modern times, in particular, in the field of humanistic educational tendencies, require an appeal to moral authorities in the history of the development of the Ukrainian nation.
Keywords: apriori fantasies; bourgeois liberal; positivist scientist; state terrorism; amateurism; ethnography; “Europeanism”; national consciousness; political leader; socio-political thought.
Features of isothermal crystallization of ammonium sulphate
Authors: Iatsiuk Illia , Hotskyi Yaroslav , Korniienko Yaroslav , Stepaniuk Andrii 
Published: July 2021

Soil fertility is rapidly decreasing due to irrational land use, erosion and soil pollution and adverse weather conditions. The use of composite granular organic-mineral fertilizers that contain mineral and organic components allows the soil fertility to be increased in the most effective and safe manner for the environment. In the production of granular composite fertilizers in a fluidized bed granulator, the process of isothermal mass crystallization is the main parameter that affects the quality.
The effect of impurities on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals during mass crystallization on the surface was investigated by means of microscopic analysis. The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the structure and shape of the microcrystal layer was studied.
The process of mass crystallization depends on the presence of impurities, pH and temperature. Given the fact that there is no analytical or theoretical dependence describing the influence of impurities on the morphological structure, the influence is determined experimentally. The presence of even a small content of surfactants and other impurities in the ammonium sulfate solution has a significant effect on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals, which is revealed as reduction in the concentration of impurities in ammonium sulfate obtained by coke-chemical method. The pH level of the medium affects the structure and shape of microcrystals: smaller crystals with a layered structure are formed in the case of weakly alkaline medium with pH = 8 and smaller microcrystals with a granular structure are formed in the case of pH = 4. Therefore, it is important to maintain the required pH level of the medium during the mass crystallization of ammonium sulfate.
In isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with humic compounds and bone meal proceeding on a surface with temperature 90 °C, small elongated crystals with microcrystal sizes from 10 to 100 μm are formed. Impurities of bone meal and humic compounds in the form of inclusions are placed between the crystals of ammonium sulfate: namely, the endosegregation of impurities in the microcrystalline framework is observed. As the concentration of organic matter in the solution increases, which crystallizes as droplets on the surface, rubble and dendrites are formed outside the initial droplet placement. This phenomenon is explained by the increase of diffusion resistance at the center of the drop; as a result, ammonium sulfate crystallizes in the zone with lower resistance.
The process of isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with admixtures of humic compounds, bone meal and other target components in the specified ratios will create new highly effective fertilizers. The obtained results allow formulating theoretical bases for the formation of solid structures based on ammonium sulfate with admixtures of organic and mineral components.
Reduction of water chromaticity by materials with capillary properties
Authors: Radovenchyk Yaroslav , Krysenko Tamara , Poberezhnyi Maksym , Radovenchyk Vіacheslav 
Published: July 2021

The presence of a significant amount of plant and animal organic residues in the environment leads to intensive pollution of natural waters and significant deterioration of water chromaticity. Ukrainian regulatory documents on the quality of drinking water establish a level of 20 degrees for water chromaticity. Hence, in most cases, natural water must be additionally treated before consumption. The coagulation, flocculation, filtration and flotation are today the most widespread methods for normalizing the water chromaticity level. All these processes are quite complex and expensive, require the use of additional reagents and lead to secondary water pollution. The use of materials with capillary properties is a promising method since it simultaneously ensures the liquid phase transport without excess pressure and water cleaning from various pollutants. This method, used to reduce water chromaticity, found that sufficient efficiency could be provided only for the initial water chromaticity level within 20 - 80° CCS and at pH level within 2.0 - 4.0. Under other conditions, all studied tissue samples as a material for capillary filter, such as cotton, linen, polyester and gabardine, did not provide the value of water chromaticity required for drinking water. Even worse results were obtained for water with initial chromaticity more than 80 degrees. Considering that the described method can provide the maximum efficiency only in a highly acidic medium, it is assumed that the surface charge of the capillary filter fibers and humic acid particles could be the critical factor in the reduction of water chromaticity. In a wide pH range, the surface of the humic particles is charged mainly negatively. The surface of cellulose fibers is also negatively charged in the pH range of 2.0 - 11.0. Therefore, the results of experiments can be explained from this point of view. There are no research data in these fields at all. One of the possible ways to improve the efficiency of water chromaticity reduction by the proposed method is to select fabrics with appropriate physicochemical surface properties. Also, capillary filtration process can be treated with special reagents for giving the fiber surface the required charge. Water treatment by series of several connected capillary filters can be a promising way. In general, given the simplicity of the filter design, low total cost of the water treatment process, and zero energy losses, the studied method is quite promising for industrial implementation and needs more detailed research.
ADVANCED TYPES OF CHECKERWORK OF REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GLASS FURNACES
Authors: Koshelnik O. , Hoisan S. 
Published: July 2021

One of the ways to increase glass furnaces energy efficiency is to apply heat exchangers for flue gases thermal potential utilization.
Flue gases losses is up to 25-40 % of the total amount of heat supplied in the furnace. These losses are influences by such factors as fuel type, furnace and burners design and manufactured product type.
Regenerative heat exchangers with various types of heat storage packing is more efficient for high-power furnaces.
Such types of regenerator checkerwork as Cowper checkerwork, two types of Siemens checkerwork, Lichte checkerwork and combined checkerwork have already been sufficiently researched, successfully applied and widely used for glass furnaces of various designs. All of its are made of standard refractory bricks. Basket checkerwork and cruciform checkerwork that are made of fused-cast molded refractory materials have been widely used recently as well.
Further improvement of regenerative heat exchangers thermal efficiency only by replacing the checkerwork does not seem possible unless their size being increased. But this enlarging is not always realizable during the modernization of existing furnaces.
From this point of view heat storage elements with a phase transition, where metal salts and their mixtures are used as a fusible agent look promising for glass furnaces.
These elements can accumulate additional amount of heat due to phase transition, which allows to increase significantly heat exchanger thermal rating without its size and operating conditions changing.
However, it is necessary to carry out additional studies of this type of checkerwork dealing with analysis of complex unsteady heat exchange processes in regenerators and selection of appropriate materials that satisfy the operating conditions of regenerative heat exchangers so that the checkerwork can be widely used for glass furnaces.
RESEARCH OF EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES FOR ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTIONS IN A APPARATUS WITH STIRRING
Authors: Solovej V. , Gorbunov K. , Vereshchak V. , Gorbunova O. 
Published: July 2021

A study has been mode of transport-controlled mass transfer-controlled to particles suspended in a stirred vessel. The motion of particle in a fluid was examined and a method of predicting relative velocities in terms of Kolmogoroff’s theory of local isotropic turbulence for mass transfer was outlined.
To provide a more concrete visualization of complex wave form of turbulence, the concepts of eddies, of eddy velocity, scale (or wave number) and energy spectrum, have proved convenient.
Large scale motions of scale contain almost all of the energy and they are directly responsible for energy diffusion throughout the stirring vessel by kinetic and pressure energies. However, almost no energy is dissipated by the large-scale energy-containing eddies. A scale of motion less than is responsible for convective energy transfer to even smaller eddy sires. At still smaller eddy scales, close to a characteristic microscale, both viscous energy dissipation and convection are the rule. The last range of eddies has been termed the universal equilibrium range. It has been further divided into a low eddy size region, the viscous dissipation subrange, and a larger eddy size region, the inertial convection subrange.
Measurements of energy spectrum in mixing vessel are shown that there is a range, where the so called -(5/3) power law is effective. Accordingly, the theory of local isotropy of Kolmogoroff can be applied because existence of the internal subrange. As the integrated value of local energy dissipation rate agrees with the power per unit mass of liquid from the impeller, almost all energy from the impeller is viscous dissipated in eddies of microscale.
The correlation for mass transfer to particles suspended in a stirred vessel is recommended. The results of experimental study are approximately 12 % above the predicted values.