bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DNA co-vaccination using Sm antigen and IL-10 as prophylactic experimental therapy ameliorates nephritis in a model of lupus induced by pristane
Authors: Martín-Márquez Beatriz Teresita , Satoh Minoru , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , Martínez-García Erika Aurora , Petri Marcelo Heron , Sandoval-García Flavio , Pizano-Martinez Oscar , García-Iglesias Trinidad , Corona-Meraz Fernanda Isadora , Vázquez-Del Mercado Monica 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Sm. Studies in patients with SLE and murine models of lupus reveal that the most critical anti-Sm autoantibodies are predominantly direct against D1(83–119), D2, and B´/B epitopes.

Objectives
The present study aimed to analyze the induction of antigen-specific tolerance after prophylactic immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding the epitopes: D183-119, D2, B´/B, and B´/BCOOH in co-vaccination with IFN-γ or IL-10 in a murine model of lupus induced by pristane.

Material and methods
To obtain endotoxin-free DNA vaccines, direct cloning techniques using pcDNA were performed: D183-119, D2, B´/B, B´/BCOOH, IFN-γ, or IL-10. Lupus was induced by 0.5 mL of pristane via intraperitoneal in BALB/c female mice. Immunoprecipitation with K562 cells was metabolically labeled with 35S and ELISA to detect serum antibodies or mice IgG1, IgG2a isotypes. ELISA determined IL-10 and IFN-γ from splenocytes supernatants. Proteinuria was assessed monthly, and lupus nephritis was evaluated by immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy.

Results
The prophylactic co-vaccination with D2/IL-10 reduced the expression of kidney damage observed by electron microscopy, direct immunofluorescence, and H & E, along with reduced level of anti-nRNP/Sm antibodies (P = 0.048).

Conclusion
The prophylactic co-vaccination of IL-10 with D2 in pristane-induced lupus ameliorates the renal damage maybe by acting as prophylactic DNA tolerizing therapy.
Effects of statins and steroids on coronary artery disease and stroke in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis: A general population study
Authors: Yeh Jun-Jun , Lin Cheng-Li , Hsu Nai-Hua , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo determine the effects of statins and steroids on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis (ILD-PF).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with ILD-PF who were using statins (statin cohort, N = 11,567) and not using statins (nonstatin cohort, N = 26,159). Cox proportional regression was performed to analyze the cumulative incidence of CAD and stroke. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CAD and stroke were determined after sex, age, and comorbidities, as well as the use of inhaler corticosteroids (ICSs), oral steroids (OSs), and statins, were controlled for.ResultsCompared with those of patients without statin use, the aHRs (95% CIs) of patients with statin use for CAD and ischemic stroke were 0.72 (0.65–0.79) and 0.52 (0.38–0.72), respectively. For patients taking single-use statins but not ICSs/OSs, the aHRs (95% CIs) for CAD and ischemic stroke were 0.72 (0.65–0.79)/0.69 (0.61–0.79) and 0.54 (0.39–0.74)/0.50 (0.32–0.79), respectively. For patients using ICSs/OSs, the aHRs (95% CIs) for CAD and ischemic stroke were 0.71 (0.42–1.18)/0.74 (0.64–0.85) and 0.23 (0.03–1.59)/0.54 (0.35–0.85), respectively.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that statin use, either alone or in combination with OS use, plays an auxiliary role in the management of CAD and ischemic stroke in patients with ILD-PF.
Multidisciplinary aerodigestive program at a children’s hospital: A protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Park Mireu , Kim Seung , Kim Eunyoung , Kim Ga Eun , Jung Jae Hwa , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Min Jung , Kim Da Hee , Park Sowon , Ho In Geol , Kim Seung Ki , Hwang Sangwon , Shin Kyeong Hun , Lee Hosun , Lee Bobae , Lee Hyeyeon , Park Minhwa , Koh Hong , Sohn Myung Hyun , Rha Dong-Wook , Kim Kyung Won 
Published: October 2021

Background
Children with complex chronic multisystemic diseases frequently require care from multiple pediatric subspecialists. The aerodigestive program is a multidisciplinary program that diagnoses and treats pediatric patients with complex multi-systematic problems affecting airway, breathing, feeding, swallowing, or growth. The aim of this study is to present the protocol of the aerodigestive program of a children’s hospital.

Methods and design
This study is a prospective study to evaluate and compare the overall improvement of patients’ objective and subjective conditions before and after the AeroDigestive Team (ADT) program. Among children from 1 month to 18 years of age, patients with complex problems of the airway, breathing, feeding, swallowing, or growth meeting at least two parameters of the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The overall process included referral based on the inclusion criteria, enrollment of ADT program with informed consents, interview and questionnaire for assessing patients’ medical condition, prescheduling appointment, multi-specialists’ evaluation, monthly team meetings, wrap-up discussion with the patients and family, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up at 6 months with the assessment of outcome measures. The outcome was evaluated objectively and subjectively. The objective outcome measure was divided into surgical or medical intervention, assessment of changes in medical condition, and follow-up study. Both caregiver interviews and questionnaires using a scoring system were used as subjective outcome measures before and after the ADT program. Children were scheduled to be followed-up at 6 months after the interventions or ADT meeting.

Discussion
The aerodigestive program is expected to provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary management of children with complex airway and digestive tract disorders.
Automatic Identification of Papillary Projections in Indeterminate Biliary Strictures Using Digital Single-Operator Cholangioscopy
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Saraiva Miguel Mascarenhas , Afonso João , Ferreira João P. S. , Boas Filipe Vilas , Parente Marco P. L. , Jorge Renato N. , Pereira Pedro , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Characterization of biliary strictures is challenging. Papillary projections (PP) are often reported in biliary strictures with high malignancy potential during digital single-operator cholangioscopy. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for application to endoscopic practice has been intensely studied. We aimed to develop an AI algorithm for automatic detection of PP in digital single-operator cholangioscopy images.

METHODS:
A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed. Each frame was evaluated for the presence of PP. The CNN's performance was measured by the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,920 images from 85 patients were included. Our model had a sensitivity and specificity 99.7% and 97.1%, respectively. The area under the curve was 1.00.

DISCUSSION:
Our CNN was able to detect PP with high accuracy. Future development of AI tools may optimize the macroscopic characterization of biliary strictures.
Large graph convolutional network training with GPU-oriented data communication architecture
Authors: Min Seung Won , Wu Kun , Huang Sitao , Hidayetoğlu Mert , Xiong Jinjun , Ebrahimi Eiman , Chen Deming , Hwu Wen-mei 
Published: October 2021

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are increasingly adopted in large-scale graph-based recommender systems. Training GCN requires the minibatch generator traversing graphs and sampling the sparsely located neighboring nodes to obtain their features. Since real-world graphs often exceed the capacity of GPU memory, current GCN training systems keep the feature table in host memory and rely on the CPU to collect sparse features before sending them to the GPUs. This approach, however, puts tremendous pressure on host memory bandwidth and the CPU. This is because the CPU needs to (1) read sparse features from memory, (2) write features into memory as a dense format, and (3) transfer the features from memory to the GPUs.
In this work, we propose a novel GPU-oriented data communication approach for GCN training, where GPU threads directly access sparse features in host memory through zero-copy accesses without much CPU help. By removing the CPU gathering stage, our method significantly reduces the consumption of the host resources and data access latency. We further present two important techniques to achieve high host memory access efficiency by the GPU: (1) automatic data access address alignment to maximize PCIe packet efficiency, and (2) asynchronous zero-copy access and kernel execution to fully overlap data transfer with training. We incorporate our method into PyTorch and evaluate its effectiveness using several graphs with sizes up to 111 million nodes and 1.6 billion edges. In a multi-GPU training setup, our method is 65--92% faster than the conventional data transfer method, and can even match the performance of all-in-GPU-memory training for some graphs that fit in GPU memory.
Spatial distribution of lichen communities and air pollution mapping in a tropical city: Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Correa-Ochoa Mauricio Andres , Vélez-Monsalve Leidy Catalina , Saldarriaga-Molina Julio César 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Enough scientific evidence is available on the harmful effects of air pollution on the health of human beings, fauna, flora, and ecosystems in general. The mechanical and electronical monitoring networks are the first option for the air quality diagnosis, but they do not allow a direct and precise assessment of the impacts in living organisms that may result from the exposure to air pollutants. Objective: To evaluate the changes in the composition of corticulous lichen communities as a response to various stress factors in areas with different levels of air quality to diagnose the state of pollution or intervention in an area with a more complete option. Methods: Air quality contrasts and changes in richness and coverage of corticulous lichens in response to different stress factors, such as land use and distance to roads, in three different biomonitoring areas, were evaluate using GIS, and the data are presented in an easy-to-understand grey scale coded isoline map. Results: Indicators such as lichen coverage (R= -0.4) and richness (R= -0.7) are inverse correlated with PM2.5 concentrations in each area. A total of 110 lichen species were identified, being Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach.) Moberg and Physcia poncinsii Hue the most frequent species (present in 38 and 33 % of the 86 sampled phorophytes, respectively). The intra-area relationships of lichen richness exhibit significant relationships with regards to the land use and distance to roads (with correlations coefficients greater than 0.5) and the Simpson index was higher than 0.9, in places with better conditions in terms of air quality and microenvironments, likewise the resistance factors calculated suggest that the most sensitive species can be found in environments with a lesser degree of disturbance. Conclusion: These evaluations represent more criteria elements for the diagnosis of the environmental health in the biomonitoring areas.
Fotoğraf Serüveninin Son Durağı, Mobil Fotoğrafçılık
Authors: DEMİREL Gökhan , KANLIOĞLU Alahattin 
Published: October 2021

Fotoğraf serüveni, insanoğlunun gördüklerini tekrar görülebilir somut bir veriye dönüştürme çabasıyla başlamıştır. Görüntünün kayıt altına alınabilmesi, tekrar görülebilir, basılabilir ve çoğaltılabilir olması ise ancak eklentik teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde gerçekleşebilmiştir. Bu bağlamla bakıldığında fotoğraf, teknolojik bir araç olarak dikkat çekmektedir.	Hatıra biriktirme aracı olarak konumlandırılan fotoğraf, zamanla belge ve kanıt özelliklerini de kazanarak, toplumsal belleğin oluşumunda söz sahibi olmuştur. Fotoğrafın artan kullanımı, aynı zamanda teknoloji olarak gelişmesinin önünü açmıştır. Fotoğrafın bu bağlamda gelişimi çoğunlukla fotoğraf üretim pratiklerinde iyileştirme, herkes tarafından ulaşılabilir hale gelme, saklama ve paylaşma olanaklarının iyileştirmesi yönünde olmuştur. Bu bağlamıyla bakıldığından fotoğraf karanlık odalardan analog makinelere, oradan dijital makinelere geçiş yapmıştır. Dijital makineler bugün yerini daha ileri bir teknoloji olan aynasız makinelere bırakırken, bilişim teknolojisi de cep telefonu fotoğrafçılığını oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle de cep telefonlarına entegre kameraların gün geçtikçe yükselen popülariteleri, optik teknolojilerinde meydana gelen gelişmeler ile toplumların dijitalleşmeye başlaması, yeni bir alan olan mobil fotoğrafçılığın oluşumunda doğrudan etkili olmuşlardır.	Bu çalışma anı biriktirme amacı taşıyan fotoğrafın kitle iletişim aracına dönüşümünde geçirdiği evrelere değinerek, mobil fotoğrafçılığın tanımını, kapsamını, teknolojik bağlamı ve kullanım alanlarını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir literatür taraması olan bu çalışmada, fotoğrafta yeni bir alan olan mobil fotoğrafçılığın dünü, bugünkü gelişimi ve teknolojik bağlamıyla geleceği kronolojik sıralamayla araştırılarak tartışılmaktadır.
Near-Field High-Resolution Maps of the Ridgecrest Earthquakes from Aerial Imagery
Authors: Rodriguez Padilla Alba M. , Quintana Mercedes A. , Prado Ruth M. , Aguilar Brian J. , Shea Thomas A. , Oskin Michael E. , Garcia Leslie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-resolution maps of surface rupturing earthquakes are essential tools for quantifying rupture hazard, understanding the mechanics of rupture propagation, and interpreting evidence of past earthquakes in the landscape. We present highly detailed maps of five portions of the surface rupture of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes, derived from 5 cm per pixel aerial imagery and 2–20 cm per pixel unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. Our high-resolution maps cover areas of complexity and distributed deformation, sections in which strain is very localized, and areas where the rupture breaks through sediment and bedrock, ensuring sampling of the diverse rupture styles of this earthquake sequence. These maps reveal the near-field deformation of the surface rupture with a high level of detail, resolving the extent of secondary fracturing, lateral spreading, and liquefaction features that are below the resolution of airborne lidar data, field mapping, and geodesy. These data may serve as a machine learning training dataset, and offer opportunities for detailed kinematic analysis and high-resolution probabilistic displacement hazard analysis.
Las principales fuerzas políticas durante la crisis del modelo de Convertibilidad de diciembre de 2001. Posicionamientos políticos, disputas públicas e impacto hegemónico
Authors: Fair Hernán 
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo analiza los posicionamientos y disputas hegemónicas de las principales fuerzas políticas durante la crisis del modelo de Convertibilidad y reformas neoliberales de diciembre de 2001. A partir del análisis de los discursos público-mediáticos, se identifican los tópicos en disputa, se estructuran y caracterizan los paquetes de discursos y se posiciona a los referentes políticos clave. En la segunda parte, se analiza la dimensión del impacto hegemónico, examinando la eficacia de los argumentos de los exponentes clave del gobierno de la Alianza en torno al “Corralito” y el modo de estructuración de las alternativas políticas. Se halló un escaso impacto interpelativo de los argumenos de justificación de las medidas entre los principales oponentes en las fuerzas políticas, y ausencia de un proyecto contrahegemónico al modelo de Convertibilidad, aun entre los referentes más críticos. Desde el plano lingüístico, ello se explica por la persistencia de un consenso tácito o explícito en torno a la estabilidad monetaria como eje estructurador de la hegemonía neoliberal, su encadenamiento extensivo a la estabilidad institucional y la dispersión de las posiciones más combativas al modelo económico. Desde el plano no meramente lingüístico de la dinámica política, el consenso sobre la estabilidad y la ausencia de un programa alternativo se refuerzan por el equilibrio fáctico de los precios, la percepción de las restricciones económicas e institucionales, las prácticas sociales y los imaginarios sedimentados.
The Interpretation of Misconduct Act as A Reason to Dismiss President: An Ethical Approach
Authors: Antari Putu Eva Ditayani 
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The President of Indonesia gets the supervision of the Senate as regulated by the constitution. The Senate has the authority to dismiss the president at the recommendation of the House of Representatives if the president is deemed to have committed treason against the state, corruption or bribery, serious crimes, and misconduct acts or is deemed no longer eligible for president. Misconduct act is a reason for dismissing a president does not have legal certainty because the constitution does not limit the intent of the misconduct act itself. At the same time, the Constitutional Court Act in Indonesia has extended the meaning of this misconduct act. This paper will discuss the meaning of the misconduct act from an ethical perspective and comparative study. Furthermore, it also describes the appropriateness of the limits on misconduct as regulated in the Constitutional Court Act with the intention of constitution drafting for amendment. These legal problems will then be studied using normative methods through historical, comparative, and interpretation approaches then presented on a descriptively-analysis paper. The results of the study indicate that a misconduct act is an act that degrades the dignity of the position as president. Misconduct acts have a broader meaning than criminal acts but can also violate unwritten norms that are determined as law in society.Keywords: dismissal of president; interpretation; misconduct act.Abstrak: Presiden Indonesia mendapat pengawasan dari Senat sebagaimana diatur dalam konstitusi. Senat memiliki kewenangan untuk memberhentikan presiden atas rekomendasi DPR jika presiden dianggap telah melakukan pengkhianatan terhadap negara, korupsi atau penyuapan, kejahatan berat, dan tindakan tidak senonoh atau dianggap tidak lagi memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi presiden. Perbuatan tercela menjadi alasan memberhentikan seorang presiden yang tidak memiliki kepastian hukum, karena konstitusi tidak membatasi maksud dari perbuatan tercelaitu sendiri. Padahal UU MK di Indonesia telah memperluas makna dari maksud perbuatan maksiat ini. Makalah ini akan membahas tentang pengertian perbuatan salah dari sudut pandang etika. Lebih lanjut, juga menggambarkan kesesuaian batasan perbuatan tercela sebagaimana diatur dalam UU MK dengan maksud penyusunan konstitusi untuk diubah. Permasalahan hukum tersebut kemudian akan dikaji dengan menggunakan metode normatif melalui pendekatan historis, komparatif, dan interpretasi, kemudian disajikan dalam makalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan tercela merupakan perbuatan yang merendahkan martabat jabatan sebagai presiden. Perbuatan tercela memiliki makna yang lebih luas dari tindak pidana, namun bisa juga pelanggaran atas norma-norma tak tertulis yang berlaku sebagai hukum di masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Interpretasi, pemberhentian presiden; perbuatan tercela.
Sanksi Penundaan atau Penghentian Jaminan Sosial Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Fauzia Ana , Hamdani Fathul 
Published: October 2021

Social security program reflects state's responsibilities to provide social and economic protection to citizens. However, social security in Indonesia has remained to become a central issue after Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2021. This regulation outlines administrative sanctions on delaying or terminating social security for citizens that refuse vaccines. This study examined the issue from philosophical, juridical, and sociological perspectives on the administrative sanctions for delaying or terminating the social security related to the vaccine requirements. This study used a legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. This study indicated that the regulation regarding the postponement or termination of social security provision contradicted Article 20(1) of Law Number 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System. Also, it violated human rights about the right to social security based on the 1945 Constitution. Instead, to succeed in vaccination, it should adopt a socio-cultural approach by combining legal instruments with elements of local culture in the community for legitimating vaccination as its part of being accepted in the society.
KEYWORDS: Social Security Program, Presidential Regulation, Administrative Sanctions, Vaccines, COVID-19.
Realisme Hukum: Peradilan Adat dalam Perspektif Keadilan Sosial
Authors: Rato Dominikus 
Published: October 2021

Aspects of positivism with its normative approach are often taught in various law schools as a single perspective. The study of law can be based on legal realism. Nevertheless, there is still a debate about legal realism's working pattern and contribution to juridical science. This study that introduced legal realism worked with socio-legal method based on the literature review. It aimed to elaborate on the concept of legal-realism as an epistemology of the socio-legal school, which leads to the conception of customary law and legal anthropology. With a naturalistic approach and supported by theories of customary law and legal anthropology. This study showed that legal realism as a school in philosophy and juridical studies based on empirical studies need to be developed. It referred to legal realism conceptualized in Scandinavia and America that was suitable to Indonesia's legal context, especially customary law as the law that lives in society. Therefore, the law that lives in society is strengthened through verdict and law enforcement officers as symbols of the state. It suggested that legal realism is also taught in law schools at universities, so that legal academics have diverse points of view, both in the legal discipline and as a research method.
KEYWORDS: Customary Law, Socio-Legal, Social Justice, Legal Realism.
Blockchain Framework For Artificial Intelligence Computation
Authors: You Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Blockchain is an essentially distributed database recording all transactions or digital events among participating parties. Each transaction in the records is approved and verified by consensus of the participants in the system that requires solving a hard mathematical puzzle, which is known as proof-of-work. To make the approved records immutable, the mathematical puzzle is not trivial to solve and therefore consumes substantial computing resources. However, it is energy-wasteful to have many computational nodes installed in the blockchain competing to approve the records by just solving a meaningless puzzle. Here, we pose proof-of-work as a reinforcement-learning problem by modeling the blockchain growing as a Markov decision process, in which a learning agent makes an optimal decision over the environment’s state, whereas a new block is added and verified. Specifically, we design the block verification and consensus mechanism as a deep reinforcement-learning iteration process. As a result, our method utilizes the determination of state transition and the randomness of action selection of a Markov decision process, as well as the computational complexity of a deep neural network, collectively to make the blocks not easy to recompute and to preserve the order of transactions, while the blockchain nodes are exploited to train the same deep neural network with different data samples (state-action pairs) in parallel, allowing the model to experience multiple episodes across computing nodes but at one time. Our method is used to design the next generation of public blockchain networks, which has the potential not only to spare computational resources for industrial applications but also to encourage data sharing and AI model design for common problems.