bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification of MIKC-type genes related to stamen and gynoecium development in Liriodendron
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Yang Lichun , Tu Zhonghua , Zhu Shenghua , Zhang Chengge , Li Huogen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe organogenesis and development of reproductive organs, i.e., stamen and gynoecium, are important floral characteristics that are closely related to pollinators and reproductive fitness. As a genus from Magnoliaceae, Liriodendron has only two relict species: L. chinense and L. tulipifera. Despite the similar flower shapes of these species, their natural seed-setting rates differ significantly, implying interspecies difference in floral organogenesis and development. MADS-box genes, which participate in floral organogenesis and development, remain unexplored in Liriodendron. Here, to explore the interspecies difference in floral organogenesis and development and identify MADS-box genes in Liriodendron, we examined the stamen and gynoecium primordia of the two Liriodendron species by scanning electron microscopy combined with paraffin sectioning, and then collected two types of primordia for RNA-seq. A total of 12 libraries were constructed and 42,268 genes were identified, including 35,269 reference genes and 6,999 new genes. Monoterpenoid biosynthesis was enriched in L. tulipifera. Genome-wide analysis of 32 MADS-box genes was conducted, including phylogenetic trees, exon/intron structures, and conserved motif distributions. Twenty-six genes were anchored on 17 scaffolds, and six new genes had no location information. The expression profiles of MIKC-type genes via RT-qPCR acrossing six stamen and gynoecium developmental stages indicates that the PI-like, AG/STK-like, SEP-like, and SVP-like genes may contribute to the species-specific differentiation of the organogenesis and development of reproductive organs in Liriodendron. Our findings laid the groundwork for the future exploration of the mechanism underlying on the interspecific differences in reproductive organ development and fitness in Liriodendron.
A machine learning model for predicting the ballistic impact resistance of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite plate
Authors: Lei X. D. , Wu X. Q. , Zhang Z. , Xiao K. L. , Wang Y. W. , Huang C. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been a vital issue to ensure both the accuracy and efficiency of computational models for analyzing the ballistic impact response of fiber-reinforced composite plates (FRCP). In this paper, a machine learning (ML) model is established in an effort to bridge the ballistic impact protective performance and the characteristics of microstructure for unidirectional FRCP (UD-FRCP), where the microstructure of the UD-FRCP is characterized by the two-point correlation function. The results showed that the ML model, after trained by 175 cases, could reasonably predict the ballistic impact energy absorption of the UD-FRCP with a maximum error of 13%, indicating that the model can ensure both computational accuracy and efficiency. Besides, the model’s critical parameter sensitivities are investigated, and three typical ML algorithms are analyzed, showing that the gradient boosting regression algorithm has the highest accuracy among these algorithms for the ballistic impact problem of UD-FRCP. The study proposes an effective solution for the traditional difficulty of the ballistic impact simulation of composites with both high efficiency and accuracy.
Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process
Authors: Quiroga-González Camilo , Cardenas Luis Alberto Chica , Ramírez Mónica , Reyes Alejandro , González Camila , Stevenson Pablo R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.
Interval uncertainty analysis of a confined aquifer
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Lu Chuiyu , Wang Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater inflow forecast is influenced by many factors and yields uncertain results. To more accurately predict the magnitude of water inflow and quantitatively define the corresponding response in the parameter change interval, this study combined a non-probabilistic set theory and uncertainty analysis to derive an equation for the confined water inflow. Using mining area data and comparing the calculation of upper and lower boundary limits obtained by a Monte Carlo method, results of the confined water inflow equation were calculated with relative errors of 5% and 10%. When corresponding to the rate of change of the variable parameter, the results showed that under the same error conditions, the allowable rate of change when calculating the minimum value using Eq. A was greater than when using Eq. B, and the maximum value using Eq. B yielded a greater allowable rate of change than the maximum value calculated by Eq. A. Thus, the obtained rate of change for Eq. A is indicative of the lower limit, and Eq. B is conducive to the calculation of the upper limit of mine water inflow.
Nongenotoxic ABCB1 activator tetraphenylphosphonium can contribute to doxorubicin resistance in MX-1 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Kubiliute Raimonda , Januskeviciene Indre , Urbanaviciute Ruta , Daniunaite Kristina , Drobniene Monika , Ostapenko Valerijus , Daugelavicius Rimantas , Jarmalaite Sonata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyperactivation of ABC transporter ABCB1 and induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are the most common mechanism of acquired cancer chemoresistance. This study describes possible mechanisms, that might contribute to upregulation of ABCB1 and synergistically boost the acquisition of doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in breast cancer MX-1 cell line. DOX resistance in MX-1 cell line was induced by a stepwise increase of drug concentration or by pretreatment of cells with an ABCB1 transporter activator tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) followed by DOX exposure. Transcriptome analysis of derived cells was performed by human gene expression microarrays and by quantitative PCR. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of ABCB1 regulation were evaluated by pyrosequencing and gene copy number variation analysis. Gradual activation of canonical EMT transcription factors with later activation of ABCB1 at the transcript level was observed in DOX-only treated cells, while TPP+ exposure induced considerable activation of ABCB1 at both, mRNA and protein level. The changes in ABCB1 mRNA and protein level were related to the promoter DNA hypomethylation and the increase in gene copy number. ABCB1-active cells were highly resistant to DOX and showed morphological and molecular features of EMT. The study suggests that nongenotoxic ABCB1 inducer can possibly accelerate development of DOX resistance.
Impact of MASP2 gene polymorphism and gene-tea drinking interaction on susceptibility to tuberculosis
Authors: Li Zihao , Wang Mian , Zhong Hua , Huang Xin , Wu Xinyin , Zhang Xian , Wang Jing , Deng Jing , Chen Mengshi , Chen Lizhang , Tan Hongzhuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) has been reported to play an important role as a key enzyme in the lectin pathway of the complement system. The objectives of our study were to determine whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of MASP2 and the gene-tea drinking interaction were associated with the susceptibility to TB. In total, 503 patients and 494 healthy controls were contained. Three SNPs (rs12142107, rs12711521, and rs7548659) were genotyped. The association between the SNPs and susceptibility to TB were investigated by conducting multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis. The gene-tea drinking interactions were analyzed by the additive model of marginal structural linear odds models. Both genotype AC + AA at rs12711521 of MASP2 genes and genotype GT + GG at rs7548659 of MASP2 genes were more prevalent in the TB patient group than the healthy control group (OR: 1.423 and 1.439, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) between tea drinking and rs12142107, rs12711521, and rs7548659 of MASP2 genes was found to suggest negative interactions, which reached − 0.2311 (95% confidence interval (CI): − 0.4736, − 0.0113), − 0.7080 (95% CI − 1.3998, − 0.0163), and − 0.5140 (95% CI − 0.8988, − 0.1291), respectively (P < 0.05). Our finding indicated that the SNPs (rs12711521 and rs7548659) of MASP2 were associated with the susceptibility to TB. Furthermore, there were negative interactions between tea drinking and rs12142107, rs12711521, and rs75548659 of MASP2 gene, respectively. Our research provides a basis for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of tuberculosis.
Underlying neurological mechanisms associated with symptomatic convergence insufficiency
Authors: Alvarez Tara L. , Scheiman Mitchell , Morales Cristian , Gohel Suril , Sangoi Ayushi , Santos Elio M. , Yaramothu Chang , d’Antonio-Bertagnolli John Vito , Li Xiaobo , Biswal Bharat B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConvergence insufficiency (CI) is the most common binocular vision problem, associated with blurred/double vision, headaches, and sore eyes that are exacerbated when doing prolonged near work, such as reading. The Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-mechanism Adult Population Study (NCT03593031) investigates the mechanistic neural differences between 50 binocularly normal controls (BNC) and 50 symptomatic CI participants by examining the fast and slow fusional disparity vergence systems. The fast fusional system is preprogrammed and is assessed with convergence peak velocity. The slow fusional system optimizes vergence effort and is assessed by measuring the phoria adaptation magnitude and rate. For the fast fusional system, significant differences are observed between the BNC and CI groups for convergence peak velocity, final position amplitude, and functional imaging activity within the secondary visual cortex, right cuneus, and oculomotor vermis. For the slow fusional system, the phoria adaptation magnitude and rate, and the medial cuneus functional activity, are significantly different between the groups. Significant correlations are observed between vergence peak velocity and right cuneus functional activity (p = 0.002) and the rate of phoria adaptation and medial cuneus functional activity (p = 0.02). These results map the brain-behavior of vergence. Future therapeutic interventions may consider implementing procedures that increase cuneus activity for this debilitating disorder.
Damage-free light-induced assembly of intestinal bacteria with a bubble-mimetic substrate
Authors: Hayashi Kota , Yamamoto Yasuyuki , Tamura Mamoru , Tokonami Shiho , Iida Takuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapid evaluation of functions in densely assembled bacteria is a crucial issue in the efficient study of symbiotic mechanisms. If the interaction between many living microbes can be controlled and accelerated via remote assembly, a cultivation process requiring a few days can be ommitted, thus leading to a reduction in the time needed to analyze the bacterial functions. Here, we show the rapid, damage-free, and extremely dense light-induced assembly of microbes over a submillimeter area with the “bubble-mimetic substrate (BMS)”. In particular, we successfully assembled 104–105 cells of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei), achieving a survival rate higher than 95% within a few minutes without cultivation process. This type of light-induced assembly on substrates like BMS, with the maintenance of the inherent functions of various biological samples, can pave the way for the development of innovative methods for rapid and highly efficient analysis of functions in a variety of microbes.
Ethnopharmacology in the History of Traditional Midwifery and Obstetrics in Inland Croatia
Authors: Habek Dubravko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur review of the history of midwifery, obstetrics and gynecology in inland and coastal areas in northeast Croatia revealed a rich body of data on the use of ethnopharmacology in folklore traditional and approbated midwifery and obstetrics from the 18th to the 20th century. In this study, 42 plants, 4 animal preparations and 1 mineral preparation were presented in an approach to women's health during the history of obstetrics and midwifery.
Erhöht bed-sharing das Risiko für Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? – Ein Review der Studienlage und offizieller Empfehlungen einzelner EU – Länder
Authors: Stahn Dörthe , Leinweber Julia 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In Europa verstarben im Jahr 2015 insgesamt 726 Säuglinge am Sudden Infant Death Syndrom (SIDS). Bed sharing wird häufig als mögliche Ursache für SIDS diskutiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Studienlage zum Einfluss von bed sharing auf das SIDS-Risiko und betrachtet die offiziellen Empfehlungen einzelner EU-Länder zum sicheren Babyschlaf.
Methode Es wurde ein integratives Literatur Review durchgeführt. In den Datenbanken Cochrane Libary, Pubmed, CINAHL, MIDRIS, wurde mit den Schlagworten „Sudden Infant Death Syndrome“, „SIDS“, „bed sharing“, „breastfeeding“ and „baby sleep“ nach Artikeln in deutscher oder englischer Sprache gesucht, die zwischen 2012 und Februar 2019 erschienen sind. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden offizielle Empfehlungen für sicheren Babyschlaf aus 6 EU-Ländern analysiert.
Ergebnisse Das Risiko für SIDS im bed sharing ist bei Säuglingen die mindestens 3 Monate alt sind nicht erhöht, sofern keine Risikofaktoren vorliegen. Ergebnisse zu bed sharing und SIDS in den ersten 3 Lebensmonaten sind heterogen. Nicht alle betrachteten EU Länder Empfehlungen zur SIDS Prävention differenzieren zwischen Säuglingen, die älter als 3 Monate sind und Säuglingen die jünger als 3 Monate alt sind.
Konklusion Eltern und Gesundheitspersonal brauchen evidenzbasierte Informationen, um Schlafumgebungen des Neugeborenen optimal gestalten zu können. Offizielle Empfehlungen zum Thema sicherer Babyschlaf sollten Aussagen zum Thema bed sharing im Hinblick auf ihre Übereinstimmung mit dem aktuellen Forschungsstand prüfen.
A comparison of spleen size measured by ultrasound in a random population sample and a matched sample of patients at a university hospital, and the determination of normal values and influencing factors
Authors: Schranz Theresa , Klaus Jochen , Kratzer Wolfgang , Schmidberger Julian , Güthle Melanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectives This study aimed to compare spleen sizes in a hospital and a population sample using ultrasound and define normal values and factors influencing spleen size.Methods Both samples’ spleen sizes (n = 1520) were measured using ultrasound under the same conditions. Blood counts and other laboratory parameters were determined under the same conditions in both samples.Results In the hospital sample (n = 760), the mean spleen size was 114.7 mm, and in the population sample (n = 760), it was 99.1 mm. In both, spleen size in men was significantly higher than in women (p < 0.0001) and influenced by body height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) (p < 0.0001). In the hospital sample, there was a correlation with higher values for ALT (p = 0.0160), AST (p = 0.0394), AP (p = 0.0482), and ferritin (p = 0.0008) and lower values for HDL (p = 0.0091) and thrombocytes (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, higher values for AP (p = 0.0059) and lower values for hemoglobin (p = 0.0014) and thrombocytes (p = 0.0001) were found. Stratified for sex (men, women), spleen size increased with higher values for ALT (p = 0.0116, p = 0.0113), AST (p = 0.0014, p = 0.0113), and AP (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0012), and with lower values of hemoglobin (p = 0.0057, p = 0.0016), thrombocytes (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003), and albumin (p = 0.0029, p = 0.0432). In women, there was a discordant correlation with red blood cells (p = 0.0005) and a concordant correlation with GGT (p = 0.0241), and in men discordant correlations with cholesterol (p = 0.0010) and HDL (p = 0.0404).Conclusions The already proven impact of anthropometric data on spleen size was confirmed. The role of laboratory values should be further analyzed.
A ressonância magnética do joelho usando a bobina de corpo é equivalente à TC na medição da distância TT-ST: Removendo o viés sistemático
Authors: Aivazoglou Laís Uyeda , Toma Mariana Kei , Arruda Pedro Henrique Coelho , Ormond Filho Alipio Gomes , Guimarães Julio Brandão , Silva Flávio Duarte 
Published: March 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Comparar a ressonância magnética (RM) usando uma bobina corporal e tomografia computadorizada (TC) na medição da distância tubérculo tibial-sulco troclear (TT-ST) e as distâncias tendão patelar-sulco troclear cartilaginoso (TP-STC), e avaliar a confiabilidade interavaliador.
Métodos O grupo de estudo consistiu em 34 joelhos de 17 indivíduos assintomáticos sem história de patologia, trauma ou cirurgia no joelho. Uma tomografia computadorizada (TC) de baixa dose e uma sequência axial de RM ponderada em T1 dos joelhos foram realizadas com padronização rigorosa do posicionamento com extensão total dos joelhos e pés paralelos. Dois radiologistas musculoesqueléticos realizaram as medidas de forma independente. A confiabilidade das distâncias TT-ST e TP-STC na TC (17,1 ± 4,2 mm e 17,3 ± 4,2 mm) e RM (16,2 ± 3,7 mm e 16,5 ± 4,1 mm), foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI [2,1)]) e gráficos Bland-Altman, bem como a confiabilidade entre avaliadores para ambos os métodos.
Resultados Boa confiabilidade e concordância foram observadas entre as medidas de TC e RM para TT-ST e TP-STC com um CCI de 0,774 (p < 0,001) e 0,743 (p < 0,001), respectivamente, e nenhum viés sistemático foi observado. A confiabilidade entre avaliadores foi excelente para todas as medições em ambos os métodos de imagem.
Conclusão Este foi o primeiro estudo que comparou a RM usando bobina de corpo com a TC na medição da distância TT-ST, com a implicação clínica potencial de que a TC neste cenário clínico poderia ser evitada.
Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Functional Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Yaşar Burak , Atıcı Emine , Razaei Derya Azim , Saldıran Tülay Çevik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on motor functions, spasticity status, balance, and functionality in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A total of 26 patients who were diagnosed with CP (diplegic, with gross motor function classification system [GMFCS] levels of 2–5) and who regularly participated in a rehabilitation program were recruited in the study after obtaining approval from their parents. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 (n = 13) received conventional physical therapy (65 minutes, 2 days/week × 8) and group 2 (n = 13) received 25 minutes of RAGT (RoboGait) in addition to conventional therapy (CT; 40 minutes, 2 days/week × 8). GMFCS was used to evaluate motor functions and the Modified Ashworth Scale was used to evaluate spasticity. The pediatric Berg balance scale, pediatric functional independence measure, and timed up and go tests were employed to assess balance and functional status. The evaluations were performed at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy. Both rehabilitation methods led to a statistically significant decrease in spasticity (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference in this improvement of spasticity between the groups (p > 0.05). Both groups exhibited significant improvements in functional independence, balance, and performance at the end of therapy (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The results of this study show that addition of RAGT to CT for 8 weeks is not superior to CT alone in children with CP.
Second harmonic generation in amorphous silicon-on-silica metamaterial
Authors: Xu Jie , Plum Eric , Savinov Vassili , Zheludev Nikolay I. 
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate second harmonic generation by using an amorphous silicon metamaterial fabricated on the tip of an optical fiber that collects the generated light. The metamaterial is a double-chevron array that supports a closed-mode resonance for the fundamental wavelength at 1510 nm with a quality factor of 30. The normalized resonant second harmonic conversion efficiency calculated per intensity and square of interaction length is ∼10−11 W−1, which exceeds the previously achieved value for a silicon metamaterial by two orders of magnitude.
A new designed method for evaluating the repairability of a newly developed 5Cr5MoV cold working die steel
Authors: Liang Yan , Wang Qiang , Song Yulai , Liu Yaohui 
Published: March 2021

Casting defects seriously affect the service life of a cold working die for the automobile industry. For the newly developed cold working die steel, its repairability is a very important scientific and technical issue, especially how to evaluate its repairability is of great engineering value. In this work, the repairability of the newly developed 5Cr5MoV cold working die steel is investigated in detail by a newly designed method, defined as the round pit evaluation method. Experimental results show that the dimension of the round pit significantly influences the microstructure evolution and microhardness distribution in the repaired zone, i.e., the control of round pit dimension can regulate and control the performance matching between the repaired zone and the matrix. When the diameter of the round pit is controlled at about 20 mm, a better matching performance can be obtained. Finally, the round pit evaluation method was established based on a newly developed model of which a microhardness fluctuation coefficient was proposed and used to evaluate the repair effect.