bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence-assisted colonic endocytoscopy for cancer recognition: a multicenter study
Authors: Mori Yuichi , Kudo Shin-ei , Misawa Masashi , Hotta Kinichi , Kazuo Ohtsuka , Saito Shoichi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa , Kenichi Takeda , Kudo Toyoki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Itoh Hayato , Mori Kensaku 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Large adenomas are sometimes misidentified as cancers during colonoscopy and are surgically removed. To address this overtreatment, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that identified cancerous pathology in vivo with high specificity. We evaluated our AI tool under the supervision of a government agency to obtain regulatory approval.
Patients and methods The AI tool outputted three pathological class predictions (cancer, adenoma, or non-neoplastic) for endocytoscopic images obtained at 520-fold magnification and previously trained on 68,082 images from six academic centers. A validation test was developed, employing 500 endocytoscopic images taken from various parts of randomly selected 50 large (≥ 20 mm) colorectal lesions (10 images per lesion). An expert board labelled each of the 500 images with a histopathological diagnosis, which was made using endoscopic and histopathological images. The validation test was performed using the AI tool under a controlled environment. The primary outcome measure was the specificity in identifying cancer.
Results The validation test consisted of 30 cancers, 15 adenomas, and five non-neoplastic lesions. The AI tool could analyze 83.6 % of the images (418/500): 231 cancers, 152 adenomas, and 35 non-neoplastic lesions. Among the analyzable images, the AI tool identified the three pathological classes with an overall accuracy of 91.9 % (384/418, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 88.8 %–94.3 %). Its sensitivity and specificity for differentiating cancer was 91.8 % (212/231, 95 % CI: 87.5 %–95.0 %) and 97.3 % (182/187, 95 % CI: 93.9 %–99.1 %), respectively.
Conclusions The newly developed AI system designed for endocytoscopy showed excellent specificity in identifying colorectal cancer.
High rates of gastroesophageal cancers in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Uganda
Authors: Mbiine Ronald , Nakanwagi Cephas , Kituuka Olivia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims Dyspepsia is the most common presenting symptom in the gastrointestinal clinic of Mulago National Referral hospital. The etiology is essentially not fully described in our patient population. This study was therefore conducted to establish the causes of dyspepsia based on endoscopic diagnosis among patients with dyspepsia seeking care at the National Referral hospital of Uganda.Patients and methods This retrospective study conducted in the endoscopy unit of Mulago hospital reviewed 356 patient endoscopy reports spanning January 2018 to July 2020 with a focus on those with a referral indication of dyspepsia. Age and sex were the independent variables of interest while the endoscopy findings as reported by the endoscopist were the outcome variable of interest.Results Of the 356 endoscopy reports reviewed, 159 met the inclusion criterion of dyspepsia as the indication. Participant mean age was 47.7 years (± 16.53) with the majority (25.79 %) in the fifth decade while the male to female ratio was 1. The majority of patients had organic dyspepsia (90.57 %) while the commonest finding was gastritis 69 (43.4 %). Gastroesophageal cancers represented (18) 11.32 % of all findings. There was a positive association between age > 50 years with gastroesophageal cancers (7.639) as well as age < 50 years and functional dyspepsia (2.794); however, all these were not statistically significant (P = 0.006 and (P = 0.095, respectively).Conclusions Organic/structural dyspepsia comprises over 90 % of investigated dyspepsia with 11 % comprising cancer among patients seeking endoscopy at the National Referral Hospital of Uganda.
Qualitätstransparenz in der stationären Krankenhausversorgung der Schweiz
Authors: Ahlen Christine von , Moser Dominik , Geissler Alexander 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungQualitätstransparenz ist eine entscheidende Grundlage für den Abbau von Informationsasymmetrien im Gesundheitswesen. Doch welche Informationen zur stationären, akutsomatischen Versorgung sind in der Schweiz vorhanden, wie können diese genutzt werden und welche Folgen ergeben sich daraus? Für diese Fragestellungen wird ein Review des Datenangebots vorgenommen, systematisch aufbereitet sowie Stärken und Schwächen aufgezeigt. Auf dieser Grundlage sowie internationalen Vergleichen folgen gesundheitspolitische Empfehlungen für eine Verbesserung der aktuellen Bedingungen. Die Studie zeigt auf, dass Qualitätstransparenz in der Schweiz trotz des bereits im Jahr 2011 vereinbarten nationalen Qualitätsvertrags nur begrenzt gegeben ist. Dies erschwert die Stärkung eines Qualitätswettbewerbs, die informierte Entscheidung über die Krankenhauswahl von Patienten sowie das selektive Kontrahieren. Eine Weiterentwicklung der in der Schweiz verfügbaren Daten und Messinstrumente in Krankenhäusern ist daher angezeigt und bedarf einer priorisierten Umsetzung.
Catalyst- and Additive-Free Synthesis of Fluoroalkoxyquinolines
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Dhiman Ankit Kumar , Kumar Rohit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA nucleophilic substitution approach has been developed for the synthesis of C4 fluoroalkoxyquinolines from 4-haloquinolines by utilizing hexafluoro-2-propanol and trifluoroethanol as nucleophiles. The method is also applicable for 2-chloroquinolines, 1-chloroisoquinoline, and 2-chlorobenzimidazole. Control experiments revealed that substitution occurs only at the C2 and C4 positions of quinolines.
Visible-Light-Mediated Photocatalytic Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage of Geminal Diazides: An Approach to Oxamates
Authors: Sharada Duddu S. , Katta Narenderreddy , Murugan Arumugavel , Sharma Sonika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis has received great attention in both academia and industry and remarkable progress has been made over the past decade. Now, it has been shown that a visible-light-mediated oxidative C–C bond cleavage of geminal diazides can be induced by organic dye catalysis for the synthesis of oxamates. A mechanistic study, confirmed by control experiments, indicates that this proceeds through single-electron transfer (SET). This methodology can be applied to convert a wide array of geminal diazides into oxamates.
Predicting the Health-related Quality of Life in Patients Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Oearsakul Thakul , Tanvejsilp Pimwara , Sae-heng Sakchai , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon , Madteng Suphavadee , Inkate Srirat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly causes death and disability that can result in productivity loss and economic burden. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been measured in patients suffering from TBI, both in clinical and socioeconomic perspectives. The study aimed to assess the HRQoL in patients following TBI using the European quality of life measure-5 domain-5 level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and develop models for predicting the EQ-5D-5L index score in patients with TBI.
Method A cross-sectional study was performed with 193 TBI patients who had completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The clinical characteristics, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, treatment, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) were collected. The total data was divided into training data (80%) and testing data (20%); hence, the factors affecting the EQ-5D-5L index scores were used to develop the predictive model with linear and nonlinear regression. The performances of the predictive models were estimated with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE).
Results A good recovery was found at 96.4%, while 2.1% displayed an unfavorable outcome. Moreover, the mean EQ-5D-5L index scores were 0.91558 (standard deviation [SD] 1.09639). GCS score, pupillary light reflex, surgery, and GOS score significantly correlated with the HRQoL scores. The multiple linear regression model had a high adjusted R2 of 0.6971 and a low RMSE of 0.06701, while the polynomial regression developed a nonlinear model that had the highest adjusted R2 of 0.6843 and the lowest RMSE of 0.06748.
Conclusions A strong positive correlation between the physician-based outcome as GOS and HRQoL was observed. Furthermore, both the linear and nonlinear regression models were acceptable approaches to predict the HRQoL of patients after TBI. There would be limitations for estimating the HRQoL in unconscious or intubated patients. The HRQoL obtained from the predictive models would be an alternative method to resolve this problem.
Color discriminability makes over-specification efficient: Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence
Authors: Rubio-Fernandez Paula 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA psychophysical analysis of referential communication establishes a causal link between a visual stimulus and a speaker’s perception of this stimulus, and between the speaker’s internal representation and their reference production. Here, I argue that, in addition to visual perception and language, social cognition plays an integral part in this complex process, as it enables successful speaker-listener coordination. This pragmatic analysis of referential communication tries to explain the redundant use of color adjectives. It is well documented that people use color words when it is not necessary to identify the referent; for instance, they may refer to “the blue star” in a display of shapes with a single star. This type of redundancy challenges influential work from cognitive science and philosophy of language, suggesting that human communication is fundamentally efficient. Here, I explain these seemingly contradictory findings by confirming the visual efficiency hypothesis: redundant color words can facilitate the listener’s visual search for a referent, despite making the description unnecessarily long. Participants’ eye movements revealed that they were faster to find “the blue star” than “the star” in a display of shapes with only one star. A language production experiment further revealed that speakers are highly sensitive to a target’s discriminability, systematically reducing their use of redundant color adjectives as the color of the target became more pervasive in a display. It is concluded that a referential expression’s efficiency should be based not only on its informational value, but also on its discriminatory value, which means that redundant color words can be more efficient than shorter descriptions.
Computational discovery of stable and metastable ternary oxynitrides
Authors: Sharan Abhishek , Lany Stephan 
Published: June 2021

Materials design from first principles enables exploration of uncharted chemical spaces. Extensive computational searches have been performed for mixed-cation ternary compounds, but mixed-anion systems are gaining increased interest as well. Central to computational discovery is the crystal structure prediction, where the trade-off between reliance on prototype structures and size limitations of unconstrained sampling has to be navigated. We approach this challenge by letting two complementary structure sampling approaches compete. We use the kinetically limited minimization approach for high-throughput unconstrained crystal structure prediction in smaller cells up to 21 atoms. On the other hand, ternary—and, more generally, multinary—systems often assume structures formed by atomic ordering on a lattice derived from a binary parent structure. Thus, we additionally sample atomic configurations on prototype lattices with cells up to 56 atoms. Using this approach, we searched 65 different charge-balanced oxide–nitride stoichiometries, including six known systems as the control sample. The convex hull analysis is performed both for the thermodynamic limit and for the case of synthesis with activated nitrogen sources. We identified 34 phases that are either on the convex hull or within a viable energy window for potentially metastable phases. We further performed structure sampling for “missing” binary nitrides whose energies are needed for the convex hull analysis. Among these, we discovered metastable Ce3N4 as a nitride analog of the tetravalent cerium oxide, which becomes stable under slightly activated nitrogen condition ΔμN &gt; +0.07 eV. Given the outsize role of CeO2 in research and application, Ce3N4 is a potentially important discovery.
Immiscibility in N2–H2O solids up to 140 GPa
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wang Yu , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Glazyrin Konstantin , Goncharov Alexander F. 
Published: June 2021

Nitrogen and water are very abundant in nature; however, the way they chemically react at extreme pressure–temperature conditions is unknown. Below 6 GPa, they have been reported to form clathrate compounds. Here, we present Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction studies in the H2O–N2 system at high pressures up to 140 GPa. We find that clathrates, which form locally in our diamond cell experiments above 0.3 GPa, transform into a fine grained state above 6 GPa, while there is no sign of formation of mixed compounds. We point out size effects in fine grained crystallites, which result in peculiar Raman spectra in the molecular regime, but x-ray diffraction shows no additional phase or deviation from the bulk behavior of familiar solid phases. Moreover, we find no sign of ice doping by nitrogen, even in the regimes of stability of nonmolecular nitrogen.
Effects of social capital, risk perception and awareness on environmental protection behavior
Authors: Su Fang , Song Nini , Shang Haiyang , Wang Jing , Xue Bing 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development, and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior. This study investigates the resident environmental protection behaviors and influencing factors in the ecologically fragile areas of western China based on a total of 1062 households by adopting the participatory assessment method. Then, this study used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital, environmental risk perception, and environmental awareness on residents’ environmental protection behavior.
Outcomes:
The results showed that environmental awareness is the basis for practicing environmental protection behavior, consistent with the existing research; social capital has a significant impact on residents’ environmental protection behavior, with an impact coefficient of 0.347. Hence, environmental risk perception has an indirect influence on environmental protection behavior through environmental awareness. Besides, compared with urban residents, rural residents’ environmental awareness and social capital have a stronger role in environmental protection behavior.
Conclusions:
The study clarified the influence path of residents’ environmental protection behavior, thus effectively providing a decision-making basis for the government to guide residents in the environmental governance system.
Quantum geometric maps and their properties
Authors: Finocchiaro Marco , Jeong Yoobin , Oriti Daniele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quantum geometric maps, which relate SU(2) spin networks and Lorentz covariant projected spin networks, are an important ingredient of spin foam models (and tensorial group field theories) for four-dimensional quantum gravity. We give a general definition of such maps, that encompasses all current spin foam models, and we investigate their properties at such general level. We then specialize the definition to see how the precise implementation of simplicity constraints affects features of the quantum geometric maps in specific models.
On wireless power transfer between coils in the presence of radiation
Authors: Shamonina Ekaterina , Solymar Laszlo , Kalinin Victor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) between magnetically coupled coils is necessarily accompanied by radiation that may hamper efficient power transfer and may cause harmful electromagnetic pollution. Hence careful control of the ratio between WPT and radiation is required. We have a formulation that allows the simultaneous determination of both the transferred and the radiated power by relying on both field and circuit theory and introducing the concept of a complex mutual inductance. Emphasis is placed on the visualisation of a radiative WPT system by using the streamlines of the Poynting vector. We perform several optimisations. We can find the parameters, coil radius, coil separation and load resistance, that maximise the ratio of load power to radiated power and at the same time minimise the radiated power. We identify the location of the singularities of the Poynting vector streamlines, the so-called P-points, and of the boundaries of a ‘power bubble’ surrounding the wireless two-coil system and forming an impenetrable barrier between the wireless power flow to the load and the power radiated out. A relationship between the size of the power bubble and the ratio between the useful load power and the harmful radiated power is established in a series of parametric studies. Field theory of Poynting vector streamlines is shown to quantitatively agree with the predictions of the circuit model. The new physical picture emerging for the power moving in space is expected to aid the design of complex practical WPT systems when radiation needs to be closely watched and for which a simple circuit model would fail to describe power distribution around the structure.
One-step fabrication of fiber optic SERS sensors via spark ablation
Authors: Kohut Attila , Horváth Viktória , Pápa Zsuzsanna , Vajda Balázs , Kopniczky Judit , Galbács Gábor , Geretovszky Zsolt 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spark ablation, a versatile, gas-phase physical nanoparticle synthesis method was employed to fabricate fiber-optic surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors in a simple single-step process. We demonstrate that spark-generated silver nanoparticles can be simply deposited onto a fiber tip by means of a modified low-pressure inertial impactor, thus providing significant surface enhancement for fiber-based Raman measurements. The surface morphology of the produced sensors was characterized along with the estimation of the enhancement factor and the inter- and intra-experimental variation of the measured Raman spectrum as well as the investigation of the concentration dependence of the SERS signal. The electric field enhancement over the deposited silver nanostructure was simulated in order to facilitate the better understanding of the performance of the fabricated SERS sensors. A potential application in the continuous monitoring of a target molecule was demonstrated on a simple model system.
Practitioners’ views on new teaching material for introducing quantum optics in secondary schools
Authors: Bitzenbauer Philipp 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In an earlier contribution in Physics Education (Bitzenbauer and Meyn 2020 Phys. Educ.

55

055031), we presented a new teaching sequence on quantum optics on the secondary school level, and we reported on promising results of a first pilot study concerning its learning effectiveness. In the sense of design-based research, the developed teaching material is now being revised in several iteration steps and optimised through feedback from teachers from the field in order to favour the implementation of the new teaching approach to quantum physics in secondary schools. We present the design principles from the literature that our teaching material’s development is based on and report on a survey of physics teachers’ practical experiences with our teaching material.
Brillouin-zone characterization of piezoelectric material intrinsic energy-harvesting availability
Authors: Patrick Jatin , Adhikari Sondipon , Hussein Mahmoud I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting is an emerging technology that enables electric power generation using piezoelectric devices. The prevailing approach for characterization of the energy-harvesting capacity in these devices is to consider a finite structure operating under forced vibration conditions. Here, we present an alternative framework whereby the intrinsic energy-harvesting characteristics are formally quantified independent of the forcing and the structure size. In doing so, we consider the notion of a piezoelectric material rather than a finite piezoelectric structure. As an example, we consider a suspended piezoelectric phononic crystal to which we apply Bloch’s theorem and formally quantify the energy-harvesting characteristics within the span of the unit cell’s Brillouin zone (BZ). In the absence of shunted piezoelectric circuits, the wavenumber-dependent dissipation of the phononic crystal is calculated and shown to increase, as expected, with the level of prescribed damping. With the inclusion of the piezoelectric elements, the wavenumber-dependent dissipation rises by an amount proportional to the energy available for harvest which upon integration over the BZ and summing over all branches yields a quantity representative of the net available energy for harvesting. We investigate both monoatomic and diatomic phononic crystals and piezoelectric elements with and without an inductor. The paper concludes with a parametric design study yielding optimal piezoelectric element properties in terms of the proposed intrinsic energy-harvesting availability measure.
Observing invisible axions with gravitational waves
Authors: Gorghetto Marco , Hardy Edward , Nicolaescu Horia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
If the Peccei-Quinn symmetry associated to an axion has ever been restored after inflation, axion strings inevitably produce a contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background. Combining effective field theory analysis with numerical simulations, we show that the resulting gravitational wave spectrum has logarithmic deviations from a scale invariant form with an amplitude that is significantly enhanced at low frequencies. As a result, a single ultralight axion-like particle with a decay constant larger than 1014 GeV and any mass between 10-18 eV and 10-28 eV leads to an observable gravitational wave spectrum and is compatible with constraints on the post-inflationary scenario from dark matter overproduction, isocurvature and dark radiation. Since the spectrum extends over a wide range of frequencies, the resulting signal could be detected by multiple experiments. We describe straightforward ways in which the Peccei-Quinn symmetry can be restored after inflation for such decay constants. We also comment on the recent possible NANOgrav signal in light of our results.
Precise evaluation of

and axion-like particle production *
Authors: Li Shi-Yuan , Li Zhen-Yang , Lu Peng-Cheng , Si Zong-Guo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the decay of the SM Higgs boson to a massive charm quark pair at the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD and next-to-leading order electroweak. At the second order of QCD coupling, we consider the exact calculation of flavour-singlet contributions where the Higgs boson couples to the internal top and bottom quark. Helpful information on the running mass effects related to Yukawa coupling may be obtained by analyzing this process. High precision production for

within the SM makes it possible to search for new physics that may induce relatively large interactions related to the charm quark. As an example, we evaluate the axion-like particle associate production with a charm quark pair in the Higgs decay and obtain some constraints for the corresponding parameters under some assumptions.