bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Execution of Knowledge-Intensive Processes by Utilizing Ontology-Based Reasoning
Authors: Rietzke Eric , Maletzki Carsten , Bergmann Ralph , Kuhn Norbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModeling and executing knowledge-intensive processes (KiPs) are challenging with state-of-the-art approaches, and the specific demands of KiPs are the subject of ongoing research. In this context, little attention has been paid to the ontology-driven combination of data-centric and semantic business process modeling, which finds additional motivation by enabling the division of labor between humans and artificial intelligence. Such approaches have characteristics that could allow support for KiPs based on the inferencing capabilities of reasoners. We confirm this as we show that reasoners can infer the executability of tasks based on a currently researched ontology- and data-driven business process model (ODD-BP model). Further support for KiPs by the proposed inference mechanism results from its ability to infer the relevance of tasks, depending on the extent to which their execution would contribute to process progress. Besides these contributions along with the execution perspective (start-to-end direction), we will also show how our approach can help to reach specific process goals by inferring the relevance of process elements regarding their support to achieve such goals (end-to-start direction). The elements with the most valuable process progress can be identified in the intersection of both, the execution and goal perspective. This paper will introduce this new approach and verifies its practicability with an evaluation of a KiP in the field of emergency call centers.
Strain-Modulated Photoelectric Responses from a Flexible α-In2Se3/3R MoS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Cai Weifan , Wang Jingyuan , He Yongmin , Liu Sheng , Xiong Qihua , Liu Zheng , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSemiconducting piezoelectric α-In2Se3 and 3R MoS2 have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique electronic properties. Artificial van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures constructed with α-In2Se3 and 3R MoS2 flakes have shown promising applications in optoelectronics and photocatalysis. Here, we present the first flexible α-In2Se3/3R MoS2 vdWs p-n heterojunction devices for photodetection from the visible to near infrared region. These heterojunction devices exhibit an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.9 × 103 A W−1 and a substantial specific detectivity of 6.2 × 1010 Jones under a compressive strain of − 0.26%. The photocurrent can be increased by 64% under a tensile strain of + 0.35%, due to the heterojunction energy band modulation by piezoelectric polarization charges at the heterojunction interface. This work demonstrates a feasible approach to enhancement of α-In2Se3/3R MoS2 photoelectric response through an appropriate mechanical stimulus.
The Structure and Delivery of Police Use of Force Training: A German Case Study
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen , Heil Valentina , Klemmer Isabel , Abraham Andrew , Poolton Jamie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current study aims to investigate the current structure and delivery of police recruit training. Using a case study approach, we systematically observed a semester of police training that consisted of 30 h with a specific focus on police use of force training. Field notes and time-on-task data was analysed using an inductive approach. The results revealed, first, a lack of constructive alignment of the training modules and learning tasks within the training settings. Second, an adherence to traditional linear approaches to training resulting in high amounts of augmented instruction and feedback and a one-size-fits all approach to technical and tactical behaviour. Third, a non-efficient use of available training time with low amounts of engagement in representatively designed tasks that stimulated problem-solving processes. Based on these results we suggest that there is a need: (a) for police trainers and curriculum designers to align the objectives, practice structure and delivery of police training with the needs of police officers in the field (e.g. conflict resolution); (b) for police trainers to employ more learner-centred pedagogical approaches that account for individual action capabilities and resources, and allow for high amounts of training time with representatively designed training tasks; and (c) for senior managers of overall police training decision-makers to provide the necessary trainer education, in order to furnish trainers with the knowledge and tools to appropriately plan, deliver and reflect upon their practice in keeping with concept of constructive alignment.
Asymptotic Shallow Models Arising in Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Alonso-Orán Diego 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we derive new shallow asymptotic models for the free boundary plasma-vacuum problem governed by the magnetohydrodynamic equations which are vital when describing large-scale processes in flows of astrophysical plasma. More precisely, we present the magnetic analogue of the 2D Green–Naghdi equations for water waves under a weak magnetic pressure assumption in the presence of weakly sheared vorticity and magnetic currents. Our method is inspired by ideas for hydrodynamic flows developed in Castro and Lannes (2014) to reduce the three-dimensional dynamics of the vorticity and current to a finite cascade of two dimensional equations which can be closed at the precision of the model.
Rethinking Political Wellbeing in Representational Democracy in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiaki , Kim Sangjoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study discusses how representational democracy is related to the issues of community wellbeing in that political promises are contested in process of election campaigns. Under the premises that many promises largely reflect issue of community wellbeing, we seek to enhance understanding of how styles of representative democracy impact community wellbeing by comparing aspects of single-member (SMD) and multimember districts (MMD) in the Japan case.Among the questions considered: (1) Do voters’ choices increase in SMD compared to MMD systems? (2) Does issue voting increase in SMD? (3) Do SMD systems expand policy debate? and, (4) Does the voters’ will determine the policies of elected representatives? We measure each of these variables, related to mechanisms for electing representatives, with an assumption that wellbeing is closely related to voters’ participation and satisfaction. Based on our analysis, we conclude that SMD is not better than MMD at promoting these aspects of community wellbeing.
Structural, AC conductivity, dielectric and catalytic behavior of calcium oxide nanoparticles derived from waste eggshells
Authors: Madhu B. J. , Bhagyalakshmi H. , Shruthi B. , Veerabhadraswamy M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalcium Oxide (CaO) nanoparticles have been synthesized from waste eggshells (ES) as a source of calcium by solution combustion technique using muffle furnace and microwave oven. CaO nanoparticles obtained using muffle furnace (CaO-F) and via microwave oven (CaO-M) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, AC conductivity and dielectric studies to correlate the physico-chemical behavior. The frequency dependence of AC conductivity, the permittivity (ε′) and dielectric loss tangent (D) studies have been undertaken in the frequency range 50 Hz–5 MHz at room temperature. AC conductivity was found to enhance with an increase in the frequency. The ε′ was found to decrease initially with the frequency and finally reaching a constant value at higher frequencies. The frequency dependence of D was found to exhibit a resonance peak in the studied frequency region. Catalytic activity of CaO-M was correlated with its dielectric behavior.
Optimization and validation of keratinase production by Bacillus aerius NSMk2 in a stirred tank reactor using response surface methodology
Authors: Bhari Ranjeeta , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Ram Sarup 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Keratinase is a robust enzyme that is produced in the presence of keratin substrates. This enzyme has been recognized for its applications in waste management, leather and detergent industries. Our group has isolated a potential keratinase producing strain of Bacillus aerius NSMk2 from poultry dump soil, and its hide dehairing and stain removal applications have been studied. Considering commercial applicability of keratinase, the present study reports the keratinase production in a stirred tank reactor (5 l). Central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effect of most influencing process variables, i.e., aeration (0.5–1.5 vvm), agitation (150–350 rpm) and incubation period (24–48 h) on keratinase production. The quadratic model predicted 15 experimental runs, and the influence of independent variables and their interaction on keratinase production were interpreted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test statistics. Coefficient of determination (R2) value close to 1 and Fisher F-value of 3743.77 showed good fit of experimental data to second-order polynomial equation. A reasonable agreement between experimental and predicted values showed the accuracy of deduced model. Applying the desirability function, aeration rate of 1.0 vvm, agitation rate of 276.88 rpm and incubation period of 33.68 h supported maximum keratinase production (318.38 U/ml). Confirmatory experiments were performed to evaluate the accuracy of desirability function. Maximum keratinase activity of 318.11 U/ml close to predicted value (318.38 U/ml) validates the model. The present study provides useful guidelines for large-scale production of keratinase that can be used for various commercial applications.

Article highlights

Keratinase production was optimized in a stirred tank reactor by RSM.

The influence of aeration, agitation and incubation period on keratinase production was studied.

A significant increase in keratinase production was observed at 1.0 vvm aeration and 276.88 rpm agitation after 33.68 h.
Spectroscopic evaluation of vibrational temperature and electron density in reduced pressure radio frequency nitrogen plasma
Authors: Fatima Hira , Ullah M. Usman , Ahmad S. , Imran Mubashair , Sajjad S. , S.Hussain  , Qayyum A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The optical emission spectroscopy technique is used to determine the vibrational temperature of the second positive band system,$$ N_{2} (C,\upsilon^{^{\prime}} - B,\upsilon^{^{\prime\prime}}$$

N
2

(
C
,

υ

′

-
B
,

υ

″

) in the wavelength range 367.1–380.5 nm by using the line-ratio and Boltzmann plot methods. The electron temperature is evaluated from the intensity ratio of the selected molecular bands corresponding to $$N_{2}^{ + } (B,\upsilon - X, \upsilon^{^{\prime}} , $$

N

2

+

(
B
,
υ
-
X
,

υ

′

,

391.44 nm), and, $$N_{2} (C,\upsilon^{^{\prime}} - B,\upsilon^{^{\prime\prime}}$$

N
2

(
C
,

υ

′

-
B
,

υ

″

, 375.4 nm) transitions, respectively. The selected bands have a different threshold of excitation energies and thus serve as a sensitive indicator of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). The electron density has been determined from the intensity ratio of the molecular transitions corresponding to $$N_{2}^{ + } (B,\upsilon - X, \upsilon^{^{\prime}} , $$

N

2

+

(
B
,
υ
-
X
,

υ

′

,

391.44 nm), and, $$ N_{2} (C,\upsilon^{^{\prime}} - B,\upsilon^{^{\prime\prime}}$$

N
2

(
C
,

υ

′

-
B
,

υ

″

, 380.5 nm) for different levels of pressure and radio frequency power. The results show that the vibrational temperature decreases with increasing nitrogen fill pressure and radio frequency power. However, the electron temperature increases with radio frequency power and reduces with fill pressure. The electron density increases both with nitrogen fill pressure and radio frequency power that attributes to the effective collisional transfer of energy producing electron impact ionization. Plasma parameters show a significant dependence on discharge conditions and can be fine-tuned for specific surface treatments.

Article Highlights

Spectrum analysis of RF-driven nitrogen plasma for varying discharge conditions

Evaluation of vibrational temperature using line-ratio and Boltzmann plot methods

Comparison of vibrational temperatures for line-ratio and Boltzmann plot methods

Evaluation of electron temperature and density using the intensity-ratio of bands

Correlation of temperature and density with varying fill pressure and RF power
Using NSQIP Data to Reduce Institutional Postoperative Pneumonia Rates in Non-ICU Patients: A Plan-Do-Study-Act Approach
Authors: Alligood Daniel M. , Albo Daniel , Meiler Steffen E. , Cartwright Sarah MI. , Kelly Allen , Xu Hongyan , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) is a program designed to measure and improve surgical care quality. In 2015, the study institution formed a multidisciplinary team to address the poor adult postoperative pneumonia performance (worst decile).

STUDY DESIGN:
The study institution is a 450+ bed tertiary care center that performs 12,000+ surgical procedures annually. From January 2016 to December 2019, the institution abstracted surgical cases and assigned postoperative pneumonia as a complication per the NSQIP operations manual. Using a plan-do-study-act approach, a multidisciplinary postoperative pneumonia prevention team implemented initiatives regarding incentive spirometry education, anesthetic optimization, early mobility, and oral care. The team measured the initiatives' success by analyzing semiannual reports (SAR) provided by the ACS NSQIP and regional adjusted percentile rankings provided by the Georgia Surgical Quality Collaborative (GSQC).

RESULTS:
The 2015 SAR postoperative pneumonia rate was 4.20% (odds ratio [OR] 3.86, confidence interval [CI] 2.92–5.11). After project initiation, the postoperative pneumonia rates decreased for all NSQIP cases, from 2.51% (OR 2.67, CI 1.89–3.77) in 2016 to 2.08% (OR 2.61, CI 1.82–3.74) in 2017, to 0.85% (OR 1.10, CI 0.69–1.75) in 2018, and then increased slightly to 1.14% (OR 1.27, CI 0.84–1.92) in 2019. The institution's adjusted percentile regional rank of participating regional ACS NSQIP hospitals' postoperative pneumonia rate improved from 14/14 (July 2015–June 2016) to 6/14 (July 2018–June 2019).

CONCLUSIONS:
The multidisciplinary postoperative pneumonia prevention team successfully decreased the postoperative pneumonia rate, therefore improving surgical patients' outcomes. Furthermore, this quality improvement project also saved valuable revenue for the hospital.
You're Not Trying
Authors: SHER GEORGE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt one point or another, most of us have been accused of not trying our hardest, and most of us have leveled similar accusations at others. The disputes that result are often intractable and raise difficult questions about effort, ability, and will. This essay addresses some of these questions by examining six representative cases in which the accusation is leveled. The questions discussed include (1) what trying one's hardest involves, and (2) the conditions under which complaints about lack of effort are true, and (3) how much their truth matters. One conclusion that emerges is that both the relevant form of effort and the impediments to making it can vary greatly, while another is that trying one's hardest is less important than trying as hard as one could reasonably be expected to try.
Money Laundering and Tax Crimes in Spain: Doctrine and Jurisprudence
Authors: Nieto-Montero Juan José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs regulated in Spanish law, money laundering requires a prior illicit activity that has generated the assets that are the subject of laundering. One of the subjects that has been deeply discussed in recent years by certain doctrinal sectors, even with support in various jurisprudential rulings, has been the suitability of crimes against the Public Treasury, especially tax fraud, as the prior offence underlying money laundering. Thus, it has been debated whether the tax offender carrying out one of the activities typified in the Criminal Code (acquiring, possessing, using, converting or transmitting assets) automatically commits a type of money laundering. In that case, it would become an automatic and inevitable consequence of the tax crime itself. If, on the contrary, some other component must be required (essentially through the subjective elements of the unjust) to determine the existence of a second crime, that of money laundering, the prohibition of non-bis in idem confronts us, to a greater or lesser extent. Furthermore, doctrinal approaches and some judgements of the Spanish highest courts have generated a reinterpretation of the criminal law that fits badly with the principles of criminality. Nor is it easy to delineate the assets that are the object of the tax offence that may be subject to laundering, since, by definition, they are assets that were originally in possession of the offending subject and, besides, they are pecuniary obligations. To that extent, the presumption of innocence could, in many cases, determine the exoneration of the suspect.
Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont
Authors: Moysiuk Joseph , Caron Jean-Bernard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadiodonts (stem Euarthropoda) were ecologically diverse, but species generally displayed limited functional specialization of appendages along the body axis compared with crown group euarthropods. This is puzzling, because such functional specialization is considered to have been an important driver of euarthropod ecological diversification. One way to circumvent this constraint could have been the functional specialization of different parts of the frontal appendages, known to have been ecologically important in radiodonts. This hypothesis has yet to be tested explicitly. Here we redescribe the poorly known mid-Cambrian hurdiid radiodontStanleycaris hirpexfrom the Burgess Shale (Stephen Formation) and quantitatively assess functional specialization of the frontal appendages of stem euarthropods. The appendages ofStanleycarisare composed of 14 podomeres, variously differentiated by their possession of pectinate endites, mono- to trifurcate medial gnathites, and outer spines. The oral cone is tetraradially organized and can be uniquely distinguished from those of other hurdiids by the presence of 28 rather than 32 smooth tridentate plates. Our phylogenetic analysis findsStanleycarisin a grade of hurdiids retaining plesiomorphic raptorial appendicular functionality alongside derived adaptations for sweep feeding and large, bilaterally opposed gnathites. We conclude that the latter performed a masticatory function, convergent with gnathal structures like mandibles in various panarthropods. Taken together,Stanleycarisand similar hurdiids provide an extreme example of the evolution of division of labor within the appendage of a stem euarthropod and suggest that this innovation may have facilitated the functional transition, from raptorial to sweep feeding, at the origin of the hurdiid clade.
Changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents, storages, and stoichiometry during land degradation in jasmine croplands in subtropical China
Authors: Jin Qiang , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Romero Estela , Chen Sicong , Liu Xuyang , Lin Shaoying , Wang Weiqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil degradation is characterized by loss of soil organic matter, decline in fertility, imbalance in elemental content, deterioration of soil structure, and overall a deterioration of soil environment. According to the classification method of Pieri et al. (1992), the soil is classified into different degradation classes by calculating the soil structural stability index (St) of each sample point. We aimed to investigate changes in the contents, storages and stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) together with changes in soil physical traits along a soil degradation gradient in jasmine croplands in Fuzhou area (China). The content and storage of soil C and N decreased with increasing intensity of land degradation. Soil organic C content was 15.4%, 32.3%, and 38.8% lower, respectively, in the low, medium, and high degree of degradation soils, than in the nondegraded soils. The soil C:N ratio was 18.5% higher in soils in the middle degree of degradation than in the nondegraded soils. Compared with nondegraded soils, the bulk density of the degraded soils increased and water content decreased. The decrease of soil pH coupled with salinity (conductivity) and the loss of aggregate stability are the main traits that distinguish degraded from nondegraded soils. We also detected a general N and P deficiency that is aggravated by the degradation process. Unreasonable management easily leads to degradation associated with a loss of organic C and total soil nutrients, thus impairing even more a general N and P deficiency in this area. Therefore, higher inputs of organic fertilizer should be added to alleviate the lack of organic matter, and appropriate burial should be conducted to reduce nutrient loss. Moreover, a rise of N and P fertilizer application is also advisable.
Precision silver nitrate cautery of the posterior nasal cavity
Authors: Watson J , Nix P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis technical note describes a novel method of cauterising the posterior nasal cavity through the use of a plastic straw and silver nitrate.ObjectiveThis technique aims to prevent unwanted damage to surrounding nasal mucosa.MethodsOnce the nasal cavity has been prepared for cauterisation, the silver nitrate stick is navigated to the bleeding point covered by the plastic straw. The silver nitrate stick is then advanced onto the bleeding point allowing precise cauterisation of the nasal mucosa, without effecting surrounding healthy mucosa.
Tax compliance and social desirability bias of taxpayers: experimental evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Iraman Endra , Ono Yoshikuni , Kakinaka Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentifying taxpayers who engage in noncompliant behaviour is crucial for tax authorities to determine appropriate taxation schemes. However, because taxpayers have an incentive to conceal their true income, it is difficult for tax authorities to uncover such behaviour (social desirability bias). Our study mitigates the bias in responses to sensitive questions by employing the list experiment technique, which allows us to identify the characteristics of taxpayers who engage in tax evasion. Using a dataset obtained from a tax office in Jakarta, Indonesia, we conducted a computer-assisted telephone interviewing survey in 2019. Our results revealed that 13% of the taxpayers, old, male, corporate employees, and members of a certain ethnic group had reported lower income than their true income on their tax returns. These findings suggest that our research design can be a useful tool for understanding tax evasion and for developing effective taxation schemes that promote tax compliance.