bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head to head comparison of (R)-[11C]verapamil and [18F]MC225 in non-human primates, tracers for measuring P-glycoprotein function
Authors: Varela Lara Garcia , García David Vállez , Aguiar Pablo , Kakiuchi Teratuka , Ohba Hiroyuki , Harada Norihiro , Nishiyama Shingo , Tago Tetsuro , Elsinga Philip H. , Tsukada Hideo , Colabufo Nicola A. , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Waarde Aren van , Toyohara Jun , Boellaard Ronald , Luurtsema Gert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function is altered in several brain disorders; thus, it is of interest to monitor the P-gp function in vivo using PET. (R)-[11C]verapamil is considered as the gold standard tracer to measure the P-gp function, however, it presents some drawbacks that limit its use. New P-gp tracers have been developed with improved properties, such as [18F]MC225. This study compares the characteristics of (R)-[11C]verapamil and [18F]MC225 in the same subjects.
Methods

Three non-human primates underwent 4 PET scans: 2 with (R)-[11C]verapamil and 2 with [18F]MC225, at baseline and after P-gp inhibition. The 30-min PET data were analyzed using 1-TCM and metabolite-corrected-plasma as input function. Tracer kinetic parameters at baseline and after-inhibition were compared. Regional differences and simplified methods to quantify the P-gp function were also assessed.
Results

At baseline, [18F]MC225 VT values were higher and k2 values were lower than those of (R)-[11C]verapamil, whereas K1 values were not significantly different. After-inhibition, VT values of the 2 tracers were similar, however, (R)-[11C]verapamil K1 and k2 values were higher than those of [18F]MC225. Significant regional differences between tracers were found at baseline, which disappeared after inhibition. The positive slope of the SUV-TAC was positively correlated to the K1 and VT of both tracers.
Conclusion

[18F]MC225 and (R)-[11C]verapamil show comparable sensitivity to measure the P-gp function in non-human primates. Moreover, this study highlights the 30-min VT as the best parameter to measure decreases in the P-gp function with both tracers. [18F]MC225 may become the first radiofluorinated tracer able to measure decreases and increases in the P-gp function due to its higher baseline VT.
Contribution of intraoperative stimulation mapping to glioblastoma surgery within or adjacent to descending motor pathways: survival analysis and functional outcome comparison between two series in a single institution
Authors: Chuang Jimmy Ming-Jung , Lin Li-Han , Chen Meng-Hsiang , Lin Wei-Che , Lu Cheng-Hsien , Huang Yu-Jie , Hsu Shih-Yuan , Chen Wu-Fu , Ho Jih-Tsun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Extensive resection probably confers a modest survival advantage in patients with glioblastoma. Studies have revealed the positive effects of intraoperative stimulation mapping (ISM) on the extent of resection, but no consensus for contribution of intraoperative stimulation mapping is reached. Methods This retrospective study enrolled two groups of patients who underwent surgery for motor-eloquent glioblastoma: the non-ISM group of 57 patients (surgery in 2008–2013) and ISM group of 13 patients (surgery in 2014–2015). The two groups and subgroups based on resection extent and postoperative additional neurological deficit were compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test. Results Gross or near total resection (≥ 90% resection quality) was significantly more common in the ISM group than the non-ISM group (76.9% versus 24.6%; p = 0.001). The extent of resection was also significantly greater (90.5% ± 15.6% versus 64.6% ± 29.2%; p = 0.002). The neurological outcome in the ISM group was thus superior, but the two differences were not significant. The median progression-free survival time was significantly longer in the ISM group (22.0 ± 5.1 months vs 8.0 ± 1.0 months; p = 0.037) but a significant difference was not indicated in median overall survival time (22.0 ± 8.4 months vs 16.0 ± 2.2 months; p = 0.167). Conclusion ISM was discovered to lead to higher quality of resection and delayed recurrence. The neurological outcome and median overall survival time in the ISM group was thus superior, but the two differences were not significant. Trial registration number (for clinical trials) Nil
Reported paranormal experiences associated with improved outcomes of personal development workshops
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Vieten Cassandra , Yount Garret , Cartry-Jacobsen Agnes , Radin Dean , Delorme Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explored personal development workshops’ transformative effects by evaluating participants’ transformative, noetic, transpersonal, and relational experiences during workshops and their association with interconnectedness, well-being, and extended perception measure changes in a prospective, uncontrolled, within-participant design study. Participants reported positive changes that a majority felt would affect their behavior and relationships. Perceived contact with the dead was associated with an increased interconnectedness, as was a meaningful experience with wildlife or animals. A meaningful experience with a person, place, or thing was associated with increased well-being. These analyses support the idea that engaging in personal development workshops is positively transformative.
HIV and contraceptive use in Zimbabwe amongst sexually active adolescent girls and women: Secondary analysis of Zimbabwe Demographic Health survey data
Authors: Musuka Godfrey , Mukandavire Zindoga , Murewanhema Grant , Chingombe Innocent , Cuadros Diego F , Mutenherwa Farirai , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Eghtessadi Rouzeh , Malunguza Noble , Mapingure Munyaradzi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
To describe contraceptive usage amongst HIV positive and negative sexually active adolescent girls and women using data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16).

Methods
We used statistical analysis to determine the association between use of various methods of contraception and HIV status using the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, 2015-16 data.

Results: Sexually active adolescent girls and women on the pill and on injections were less likely to be HIV positive compared to those not using any method of contraception, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.54 (0.45-0.64), p=0.001 and 0.75 (0.59-0.96), p=0.020 respectively. Those using either a male or female condom were more likely to be HIV positive, OR (95%CI) 3.36 (2.63-4.28), p=0.001.

Conclusions: This study corroborates that the use of implants and intrauterine contraceptive devices is very low both among the HIV-positive and HIV-negative sexually active adolescent girls and women, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, statistically significant differences were noted in the use of condoms (13% versus 3%, p=0.001), with those who are HIV positive having a higher usage of condoms compared to those who are HIV negative. This may reflect that HIV positive individuals have received appropriate counselling messages on the need to protect their sexual partners.
The Students’ Problems and Solutions in Writing an Argumentative Essay on Gender Issue
Authors: Setyowati Lestari , Agustina Fadiah , Sukmawan Sony , El-Sulukiyyah Ana Ahsana , Mabaroh Barotun 
Published: March 2021

<p><em>This study is intended to find out the students’ problems and their solutions in writing argumentative essays. The subjects of this study were the fourth-semester students of English Education study program, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of PGRI Wiranegara in the academic year 2019-2020. This study used Byrne’s classification in 1995 about writing problems, namely psychological, linguistic, and cognitive. This uses descriptive quantitative design. The instruments were documentation of the students’ writing tasks and interviews. The result shows the almost all students have no problems in making thesis statements and refutations for their argumentative essay regarding gender issue. The students’ psychological problems are anxiety, nervousness, the feeling of pressure in timed writing and perfect work, a negative expectation in writing, and low self-confidence. For the linguistic problems, the result from both data indicated that students faced problems in tenses, word-class, word formation, the use of the article, and word error. While the cognitive problems faced by the students are being ignorant in the use of punctuation, short knowledge in giving appropriate examples and details in the body of the essay, and lack of knowledge in writing reference. The solutions proposed by the students, among others are to have more readings on the topic, to be self-motivated learners, to propose untimed writing to the lecturer, and to use writing tools applications.</em></p>
Human Recombinant Relaxin (Serelaxin) as Anti-fibrotic Agent: Pharmacology, Limitations and Actual Perspectives
Authors: Sassoli Chiara , Nistri Silvia , Chellini Flaminia , Bani Daniele 
Published: March 2021

:
Relaxin (recombinant human relaxin-2 hormone; RLX-2; serelaxin) had raised expectations as a new medication for fibrotic diseases. A plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies have offered convincing demonstrations that relaxin promotes remodelling of connective tissue extracellular matrix mediated by inhibition of multiple fibrogenic pathways, especially the downstream signalling of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a major pro-fibrotic cytokine, and the recruitment and activation of myofibroblast, the main fibrosis-generating cells. However, all clinical trials with relaxin in patients with fibrotic diseases gave inconclusive results. In this review, we have summarized the molecular mechanisms of fibrosis, highlighting those which can be effectively targeted by relaxin. Then, we have performed a critical reappraisal of the clinical trials performed to-date with relaxin as anti-fibrotic drug, in order to highlight their key points of strength and weakness and to identify some future opportunities for the therapeutic use of relaxin, or its analogues, in fibrotic diseases and pathologic scarring which, in our opinion, deserve to be investigated.
A Review of Preparation Methods for Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Israf Ud Din  , Nasir Qazi , Garba Mustapha D. , Alharthi Abdulrahman I. , Alotaibi Mshari A. , Usman Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

:Catalysts contribute significantly to the industrial revolution in terms of reaction rates and reduction in production costs. Extensive research has been documented on various industrial catalysis in the last few decades. The performance of catalysts is influenced by many parameters, including synthesis methods. The current work overviews the most common methods applied for the synthesis of supported catalysts. This review presents the detailed background, principles, and mechanism of each preparation method. The advantages and limitations of each method have also been elaborated in detail. In addition, the applications of each method in terms of catalyst synthesis have been documented in the present review paper.
Image Integration Procedures in Multisensory Medical Images: A Comprehensive
Survey of the State-of-the-art Paradigms
Authors: Dogra Ayush , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Obtaining the medical history from a patient is a tedious task for doctors
as it depends on a lot of factors which are difficult to keep track from a patient’s perspective. Doctors
have to rely upon technological tools to make a swift and accurate judgment about the patient’s
health.

Introduction:
Out of many such tools, there are two special imaging modalities known as X-ray -
Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) which are of significant importance
in the medical world assisting the diagnosis process.

Method:
The advancement in signal processing theory and analysis has led to the design and implementation
of a large number of image processing and fusion algorithms. Each of these methods
has evolved in the terms of their computational efficiency and visual results over the years

Result:
Various researches have revealed their properties in terms of their efficiency and outreach
and it has been concluded that image fusion can be a very suitable process that can help to compensate
for the drawbacks.

Conclusion:
In this manuscript, recent state-of-the-art techniques have been used to fuse these image
modalities and established its need and importance in a more intuitive way with the help of a
wide range of assessment parameters.
Practicality Assessment of a Frugal Nanoparticle Generator: Opening
Doors to Nano Pharmaceuticals for the Researchers and Students of
Underprivileged Academic Institutions
Authors: Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Ashish , Patel Mruduka , Patel Umang , Patel Mehul , Solanki Nilay 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Probe sonication and High-speed homogenizer are comparatively costly equipment to fabricate the nanoparticles. Many academic and research institutions cannot afford the procurement and maintenance of such sophisticated equipment. In the present work, a newer idea is conceptualized, which can be adopted by the underprivileged research institutions to fabricate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in the absence of sophisticated equipment. The current work describes the pilot-level trials of this novel approach. This study represents the preliminary proof-of-concept trials for which the Indian patent application (3508/MUM/2015) is filed.

Method:
A frugal piece of equipment was made using a 50 ml centrifuge tube with conical bottom and a piezoelectric mist maker or humidifier. SLNs were prepared by combining the quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation approach and ultrasonic vibration approach. A quasi-emulsion was composed by the dropwise mixing of the organic solvent containing drug & lipid with an aqueous solution containing surfactant under continuous ultrasonic vibration in the piezoelectric chamber. The size of the droplets was significantly reduced due to piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration. Under the provision of mild vacuum and heat generated by vibration, the organic solvent was evaporated, which leaves behind a suspension of SLN. In the present work, albendazole was selected as a model drug. Various trials with Compritol 888 ATO® and Precirol ATO 5® as a lipid carrier and Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as a surfactant were performed. Zeta potential of SLNs was improved by the addition of polyelectrolytes like K2SO4 and Na4P2O7.

Result and Conclusion:
The ratio of drug to lipid was optimized to 1:4 for the most favorable results. SLN with a minimum Z-average diameter of 98.59 nm, -21 mV zeta potential, and 34.064 % (SD 10.78, n=9) entrapment efficiency were developed using the Precirol ATO 5 ® as a lipid carrier. The proof of concept for this novel approach is established through the development of Albendazole SLNs. This approach must also be evaluated for the development of polymeric nanoparticles and vesicular formulations. The further sophistication of the frugal equipment may allow more control over the quality of SLN. This approach will enable underprivileged researchers to prepare Nanopharmaceuticals. Researchers and students of such institutions can focus on the application of SLN by resolving the constraint of sophisticated equipment with this novel approach. This novel approach should also be tried for polymeric and vesicular nanopharmaceuticals.
A Comparison of the Anti-Cancer Effects of Free and PLGA-PAA Encapsulated
Hydroxytyrosol on the HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Sani Nasrin S. , Onsori Habib , Akrami Somayeh , Rahmati Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Hydroxytyrosol is one of the phenolic compounds of olive oil and can induce anticancer
effects on colorectal cancer cells.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the free hydroxytyrosol and nano-capsulated
hydroxytyrosol effects on the cell cycle arrest in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line.

Methods:
The nano-capsulated hydroxytyrosol was synthesized in poly lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyacrylic acid
(PLGA-PAA) copolymer. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects of
the free hydroxytyrosol and nano-capsulated hydroxytyrosol. Finally, the relative expression of CDKN1A,
CDKN1B, and CCND1 genes was evaluated in control and treated colorectal cancer cells by using Real-Time
PCR.

Results:
The obtained results from the MTT assay showed that the cytotoxic effects of the nano-capsulated
hydroxytyrosol on the colorectal cancer cell line (IC50= 6PPM) were significantly more than free hydroxytyrosol
(IC50= 12PPM) after 72h. Also, nano-capsulated hydroxytyrosol showed more significant effects on the upregulation
of CDKN1A and CDKN1B genes and down-regulation of the CCND1 gene in colorectal cancer cells.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present study showed that hydroxytyrosol led to the death of colorectal cancer
cells through cell cycle arrest. Also, the PLGA-PAA copolymer dramatically caused to increase the cytotoxic
effects of the hydroxytyrosol on the colorectal cancer cells.
Deciphering the Influence of Cigarette Smoke Carcinogens on CNS Associated Biomolecules: A Computational Synergistic Approach
Authors: Jamal Qazi M.S. , Alharbi Ali H. , Dhasmana Anupam , Saxena Anukriti , Albejaidi Fahad , Sajid Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Human health issues caused by Cigarette Smoke Carcinogens (CSC) are
increasing rapidly every day and challenging the scientific community to provide a better understanding
in order to avoid its impact on communities. Cigarette smoke also contains tobacco-based
chemical compounds harmful to human beings, either smokers or non-smokers.

Methods:
We have tested 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (7H-DBC) and Dibenz[a,h]acridine (DBAD)
derivatives of Asz-arenes along with N'-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT)
derivatives of N-Nitrosamines molecular interaction with CNS biomolecules.

Methods:
Computational synergistic approaches like system biology and molecular interaction
techniques were implemented to conduct the analysis.

Results:
CSC efficiently interacted with NRAS, KRAS, CDH1, and RAC1 molecular targets in
CNS. We have also performed the interactome analysis followed by system biology approaches
and found that HSPA8 is the most important hub protein for the network generated for CSC-hampered
genes of CNS. We have also identified 6 connector proteins, namely TP53, HSP90AA1, PPP2CA,
CDH1, CTNNB1, and ARRB1. Further analysis revealed that NRAS and CDH1 have maximum
interactions with all the selected CSC.

Conclusion:
The obtained structural analysis data could be utilized to assess the carcinogenic effect
of CSC and could be useful in the treatment of CNS diseases and disorders induced, especially
by tobacco-specific carcinogens, or it could also be used in vivo/ in vitro experimentation model designing.
Natural Language Processing of Clinical Notes to Identify Mental Illness and Substance Use Among People Living with HIV: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ridgway Jessica P , Uvin Arno , Schmitt Jessica , Oliwa Tomasz , Almirol Ellen , Devlin Samantha , Schneider John 
Published: March 2021

Background
Mental illness and substance use are prevalent among people living with HIV and often lead to poor health outcomes. Electronic medical record (EMR) data are increasingly being utilized for HIV-related clinical research and care, but mental illness and substance use are often underdocumented in structured EMR fields. Natural language processing (NLP) of unstructured text of clinical notes in the EMR may more accurately identify mental illness and substance use among people living with HIV than structured EMR fields alone.

Objective
The aim of this study was to utilize NLP of clinical notes to detect mental illness and substance use among people living with HIV and to determine how often these factors are documented in structured EMR fields.

Methods
We collected both structured EMR data (diagnosis codes, social history, Problem List) as well as the unstructured text of clinical HIV care notes for adults living with HIV. We developed NLP algorithms to identify words and phrases associated with mental illness and substance use in the clinical notes. The algorithms were validated based on chart review. We compared numbers of patients with documentation of mental illness or substance use identified by structured EMR fields with those identified by the NLP algorithms.

Results
The NLP algorithm for detecting mental illness had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 98% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98%. The NLP algorithm for detecting substance use had a PPV of 92% and an NPV of 98%. The NLP algorithm for mental illness identified 54.0% (420/778) of patients as having documentation of mental illness in the text of clinical notes. Among the patients with mental illness detected by NLP, 58.6% (246/420) had documentation of mental illness in at least one structured EMR field. Sixty-three patients had documentation of mental illness in structured EMR fields that was not detected by NLP of clinical notes. The NLP algorithm for substance use detected substance use in the text of clinical notes in 18.1% (141/778) of patients. Among patients with substance use detected by NLP, 73.8% (104/141) had documentation of substance use in at least one structured EMR field. Seventy-six patients had documentation of substance use in structured EMR fields that was not detected by NLP of clinical notes.

Conclusions
Among patients in an urban HIV care clinic, NLP of clinical notes identified high rates of mental illness and substance use that were often not documented in structured EMR fields. This finding has important implications for epidemiologic research and clinical care for people living with HIV.