bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal prediction of European summer heatwaves
Authors: Prodhomme Chloé , Materia Stefano , Ardilouze Constantin , White Rachel H. , Batté Lauriane , Guemas Virginie , Fragkoulidis Georgios , García-Serrano Javier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder the influence of global warming, heatwaves are becoming a major threat in many parts of the world, affecting human health and mortality, food security, forest fires, biodiversity, energy consumption, as well as the production and transportation networks. Seasonal forecasting is a promising tool to help mitigate these impacts on society. Previous studies have highlighted some predictive capacity of seasonal forecast systems for specific strong heatwaves such as those of 2003 and 2010. To our knowledge, this study is thus the first of its kind to systematically assess the prediction skill of heatwaves over Europe in a state-of-the-art seasonal forecast system. One major prerequisite to do so is to appropriately define heatwaves. Existing heatwave indices, built to measure heatwave duration and severity, are often designed for specific impacts and thus have limited robustness for an analysis of heatwave variability. In this study, we investigate the seasonal prediction skill of European summer heatwaves in the ECMWF System 5 operational forecast system by means of several dedicated metrics, as well as its added-value compared to a simple statistical model based on the linear trend. We are able to show, for the first time, that seasonal forecasts initialized in early May can provide potentially useful information of summer heatwave propensity, which is the tendency of a season to be predisposed to the occurrence of heatwaves.
Global heat balance and heat uptake in potential temperature coordinates
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Tailleux Rémi , Kuhlbrodt Till , Ferreira David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe representation of ocean heat uptake in Simple Climate Models used for policy advice on climate change mitigation strategies is often based on variants of the one-dimensional Vertical Advection/Diffusion equation (VAD) for some averaged form of potential temperature. In such models, the effective advection and turbulent diffusion are usually tuned to emulate the behaviour of a given target climate model. However, because the statistical nature of such a “behavioural” calibration usually obscures the exact dependence of the effective diffusion and advection on the actual physical processes responsible for ocean heat uptake, it is difficult to understand its limitations and how to go about improving VADs. This paper proposes a physical calibration of the VAD that aims to provide explicit traceability of effective diffusion and advection to the processes responsible for ocean heat uptake. This construction relies on the coarse-graining of the full three-dimensional advection diffusion for potential temperature using potential temperature coordinates. The main advantage of this formulation is that the temporal evolution of the reference temperature profile is entirely due to the competition between effective diffusivity that is always positive definite, and the water mass transformation taking place at the surface, as in classical water mass analyses literature. These quantities are evaluated in numerical simulations of present day climate and global warming experiments. In this framework, the heat uptake in the global warming experiment is attributed to the increase of surface heat flux at low latitudes, its decrease at high latitudes and to the redistribution of heat toward cold temperatures made by diffusive flux.
Multi-model assessment of the late-winter stratospheric response to El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Mezzina Bianca , Palmeiro Froila M. , García-Serrano Javier , Bladé Ileana , Batté Lauriane , Benassi Marianna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the late-winter extra-tropical stratosphere (January–March) is assessed in a multi-model framework. Three state-of-the-art atmospheric models are run with prescribed SST anomalies representative of a strong ENSO event, with symmetric patterns for El Niño and La Niña. The well-known temperature perturbation in the lower stratosphere during El Niño is captured by two models, in which the anomalous warming at polar latitudes is accompanied by a positive geopotential height anomaly that extends over the polar cap. In the third model, which shows a lack of temperature anomalies over the pole, the anomalous anticyclone is confined over Canada and does not expand to the polar cap. This anomalous center of action emerges from the large-scale tropospheric Rossby wave train forced by ENSO, and shrinking/stretching around the polar vortex is invoked to link it to the temperature response. No disagreement across models is found in the lower stratosphere for La Niña, whose teleconnection is opposite in sign but weaker. In the middle-upper stratosphere (above 50 hPa) the geopotential height anomalies project on a wavenumber-1 (WN1) pattern for both El Niño and, more weakly, La Niña, and show a westward tilt with height up to the stratopause. It is suggested that this WN1 pattern arises from the high-latitude lower-stratospheric anomalies, and that the ENSO teleconnection to the polar stratosphere can be interpreted in terms of upward propagation of the stationary Rossby wave train and quasi-geostrophic balance, instead of wave breaking.
Do hip-abduction braces work?—A biomechanical evaluation of a commercially available hip brace
Authors: Michalik Roman , Essing Katrin , Rohof Ben , Gatz Matthias , Migliorini Filippo , Betsch Marcel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Dislocations of the hip joint are a common and clinically relevant complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hip-abduction braces are currently used following operative or non-operative treatment of THA dislocations to prevent re-dislocations. However, the clinical and biomechanical effectiveness of such braces is still controversial.

Material and methods
A total of 30 volunteers were measured during standing and during sitting up and down from a chair task wearing a hip brace set at 70°, 90° or no hip flexion limitation. Range of motion of the hip joint was measured in all directions by an inertial sensor system. Further it has been evaluated if the range of motion would be reduced by the additional use of an arthrodesis cushion.

Results
The use of a hip brace set up with flexion limitation did reduce hip ROM in all directions significantly compared to unhinged brace (p < 0.001–0.035). Performing the “sit down and stand-up task” the brace set up at 70° flexion limitation did reduce maximum hip flexion significantly (p = 0.008). However, in most cases the measured hip flexion angles were greater than the settings of the hip brace should have allowed. The additional use of a cushion can further limit hip motion while sitting up and down from a chair.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated that hip-abduction braces reduce hip range of motion. However, we also found that to achieve a flexion limitation of the hip to 90°, the hip brace should be set at a 70° hip flexion limitation.
atoh8 expression pattern in early zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Fragale Ninfa , Divvela Satya Srirama Karthik , Brand-Saberi Beate 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtonal homologue 8 (atoh8) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in a variety of embryonic tissues. While several studies have implicatedatoh8in various developmental pathways in other species, its role in zebrafish development remains uncertain. So far, no studies have dealt with an in-depth in situ analysis of the tissue distribution ofatoh8in embryonic zebrafish. We set out to pinpoint the exact location ofatoh8expression in a detailed spatio-temporal analysis in zebrafish during the first 24 h of development (hpf). To our surprise, we observed transcription from pre-segmentation stages in the paraxial mesoderm and during the segmentation stages in the somitic sclerotome and not—as previously reported—in the myotome. With progressing maturation of the somites, the restriction ofatoh8to the sclerotomal compartment became evident. Double in situ hybridisation withatoh8andmyoDrevealed that both genes are expressed in the somites at coinciding developmental stages; however, their domains do not spatially overlap. A second domain ofatoh8expression emerged in the embryonic brain in the developing cerebellum and hindbrain. Here, we observed a specific expression pattern which was again in contrast to the previously published suggestion ofatoh8transcription in neural crest cells. Our findings point towards a possible role ofatoh8in sclerotome, cerebellum and hindbrain development. More importantly, the results of this expression analysis provide new insights into early sclerotome development in zebrafish—a field of research in developmental biology which has not received much attention so far.
An egocentric straight-ahead bias in primate’s vision
Authors: Cottereau Benoit R. , Trotter Yves , Durand Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs we plan to reach or manipulate objects, we generally orient our body so as to face them. Other objects occupying the same portion of space will likely represent potential obstacles for the intended action. Thus, either as targets or as obstacles, the objects located straight in front of us are often endowed with a special behavioral status. Here, we review a set of recent electrophysiological, imaging and behavioral studies bringing converging evidence that the objects which lie straight-ahead are subject to privileged visual processing. More precisely, these works collectively demonstrate that when gaze steers central vision away from the straight-ahead direction, the latter is still prioritized in peripheral vision. Straight-ahead objects evoke (1) stronger neuronal responses in macaque peripheral V1 neurons, (2) stronger EEG and fMRI activations across the human visual cortex and (3) faster reactive hand and eye movements. Here, we discuss the functional implications and underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Notably, we propose that it can be considered as a new type of visuospatial attentional mechanism, distinct from the previously documented classes of endogenous and exogenous attention.
Effectiveness of naloxegol in patients with cancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation
Authors: Lemaire Antoine , Pointreau Yoann , Narciso Bérengère , Piloquet François-Xavier , Braniste Viorica , Sabaté Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Naloxegol, an oral once-daily peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) with inadequate response to laxative(s), in cancer and non-cancer patients. This study mainly aimed to assess in real-life conditions the efficacy and safety of naloxegol in cancer pain patients and the evolution of their quality of life.

Methods
A non-interventional, 4-week follow-up study was conducted in 24 French oncology and pain centers between 2018 and 2019. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 18 years, treated with opioids for cancer pain, and started naloxegol for OIC with inadequate response to laxatives. The rate of the response to naloxegol (primary criterion) was assessed at W4. The evolution of quality of life was measured using the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL).

Results
A total of 124 patients were included (mean age, 62 ± 12 years; ECOG ≤ 2, 79%; primary cancer, lung 18%, breast 16%, prostate 11%, head and neck 9%, digestive 9%…; metastatic stage, 80%). At inclusion, the median opioid dosage was 60 mg of oral morphine or equivalent. At W4, the response rate was 73.4% (95% CI [63.7–83.2%]), and 62.9% (95% CI [51.5–74.2%]) of patients had a clinically relevant change in quality of life (decrease in PAC-QOL score ≥ 0.5 point). Adverse events related to naloxegol were reported in 8% of patients (7% with gastrointestinal events; one serious diarrhea).

Conclusion
This real-world study shows that naloxegol is effective and well tolerated in cancer pain patients with OIC and that their quality of life improves under treatment.
News media representations of women who kill their newly born children
Authors: Eisenwort B. , Arias P. Fernandez , Klier C. M. , Till B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a first quantitative analysis of language in media reports of neonaticide and a comparative examination of language use within the reports. One thousand twenty-seven Austrian print media reports from 2004 to 2014 were retrieved; after exclusion, 331 were analysed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. After a preliminary analysis, a comparative analysis was carried out between reports on the Graz case and all other cases. The preliminary analysis revealed that a majority of media reports were related to one repeat neonaticide case (Graz) despite not being clinically different from other cases identified for the same period. The comparative linguistic analysis shows some statistically significant differences relating to the domains of emotional words (less words of anxiety, sadness) and family and in the category of insight and certainty (more words). The unexpected media attention on the Graz case and the ensuing verdict, which was in contradiction with the Austrian infanticide act, might have been influenced by the way language was used by journalists and the media. The authors suggest guidelines on sensitive media reporting are required.
Amygdala reactivity and ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling in the processing of emotional face stimuli in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Viering Tammo , Naaijen Jilly , van Rooij Daan , Thiel Christiane , Philipsen Alexandra , Dietrich Andrea , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan , Hoekstra Pieter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImpaired emotion recognition is common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may, via deficient emotion self-regulation, relate to the frequently co-occurring affective and social problems. The present study used an emotional face-matching task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural responses during the processing of angry and fearful faces and visuo-spatial control stimuli. Additionally, measures for emotion dysregulation, ADHD type, and age were investigated in relation to the behavioral and neural fMRI data. We utilized a sample of 61 adolescents/young adults with ADHD and 51 age-matched healthy controls (age range: 12–28 years). Participants with ADHD had higher emotion dysregulation scores than controls. They also reacted slower and less accurate in response to emotional but not visuo-spatial control stimuli. Neural response differences between emotional and visuo-spatial trials were significantly smaller in cases, particularly in the left amygdala. While coupling between the right amygdala and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex was stronger for emotional than visuo-spatial stimuli in control subjects, levels of positive coupling between the trial types did not significantly differ in participants with ADHD. Neither emotion dysregulation scores, nor ADHD type or age were related to the behavioral and neural processing alterations during the emotional face-matching task. Results indicate that emotion recognition deficits in ADHD are particularly associated with lower amygdala activation to emotional stimuli and alterations in the functional connections of the amygdala to medial prefrontal areas. Emotion recognition deficits and associated neural alterations were unrelated to emotion dysregulation, ADHD type, or age.
The multifunctional role of linear features in traditional silvopastoral systems: the sabana de morro in Dolores (El Salvador) and the pastures with carob trees in Ragusa (Italy)
Authors: Venturi Martina , Piras Francesco , Corrieri Federica , Martinez Aguilar Ever Alexis , Santoro Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTraditional agro-silvo-pastoral systems are becoming each day more important, representing multifunctional systems that can contribute to the preservation of agrobiodiversity and of traditional knowledge and associated culture, to the wellbeing of local communities and to sustainable development of rural areas, as testified by the increasing interest regarding the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Despite many researches on traditional agro-silvo-pastoral systems tend to focus only on land uses and land use changes, is also important to analyse the different features that characterize cultural landscapes, as well as to produce detailed spatial maps, in order to preserve and valorise these systems as a whole. The paper intends to compare two traditional silvopastoral systems in two different continents and environments: sabana de morro (El Salvador) and pastures with carob trees (Italy), considered as good example of biocultural diversity. Both these sites are characterized by extensive cattle breeding in a hot climate under the shade of trees, whose fruits can also integrate the animal diet. The study analyzed the traditional landscape structure, with particular attention to the presence of linear elements, that act as property divisions and as ecological corridors, contributing to biodiversity at landscape scale. Sabana de Morro is characterized by a complex system of hedges that enhances the variety of species, while an extensive network of dry-stone walls divides the Sicilian pastures with carob trees. These two different types of linear elements created thanks to the local farmers’ knowledge are made of different materials but can play a similar ecological and social function, acting as a division between one pasture and another, as a delimitation of property boundaries, and are necessary to allow a correct pasture management. Despite the differences, these two traditional linear features deeply characterize the landscape structure and fragmentation, creating important microhabitat for many animal and vegetal species and a network of ecological corridors. For these reasons the conservation of linear features should be promoted at planning level, as well as their restoration. Thanks to the applied methodology, it was possible to identify peculiarities and vulnerabilities of linear features and of the systems as a whole, so that it will be possible to create effective management and conservation tools.
Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer: a population-based case–control study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Chang Vicky C. , Cotterchio Michelle , De Prithwish , Tinmouth Jill 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There has been an alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence among young adults aged < 50 years, and factors driving this upward trend are unknown. This study investigated associations between various medical, lifestyle, and dietary factors and risk of early-onset CRC (EO-CRC).

Methods
A population-based case–control study was conducted in Ontario, Canada during 2018–2019. EO-CRC cases aged 20–49 years (n = 175) were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry; sex- and age group-matched controls (n = 253) were recruited through random digit dialing. Data on potential a priori risk factors were collected using a web-based self-reported questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Family history of CRC in a first- or second-degree relative (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47–3.84), longer sedentary time (≥ 10 vs. < 5 h/day, OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.02–3.65), greater consumption of sugary drinks (≥ 7 vs. < 1 drinks/week, OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.57–5.68), and a more Westernized dietary pattern (quartile 4 vs. 1, OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.01–3.66) were each associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC. Conversely, calcium supplement use (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31–0.92), history of allergy or asthma (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39–0.98), and greater parity in females (≥ 3 vs. nulliparity, OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.11–0.76) were each associated with a reduced risk.

Conclusion
Modifiable factors, particularly sedentary behavior and unhealthy diet including sugary drink consumption, may be associated with EO-CRC risk. Our findings, if replicated, may help inform prevention strategies targeted at younger persons.
Assessing the System Vibration of Circular Sawing Machine in Carbonate Rock Sawing Process Using Experimental Study and Machine Learning
Authors: Mikaeil Reza , Mokhtarian Mojtaba , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sina , Careddu Nicola , Alipour Aref 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPredicting the vibration of the circular sawing machine is very important in examining the performance of the sawing process, as it shows the amount of energy consumption of the circular sawing machine. Also, this factor is directly related to maintenance cost, such that with a small increase in the level of vibration, the maintenance cost increases to a large extent. This paper presents new prediction models to assess the vibration of circular sawing machine. An evaluation model based on the imperialist competitive algorithm as one of the most efficient artificial intelligence techniques was used for estimation of sawability of the dimension stone in carbonate rocks. For this purpose, four main physical and mechanical properties of rock including Schimazek’s F-abrasivity, uniaxial compressive strength, mean Mohs hardness, and Young’s modulus as well as two operational parameters of circular sawing machine including depth of cut and feed rate, were investigated and measured. In the predicted model, the system vibration in stone sawing was considered as a dependent variable. The results showed that the system vibration can be investigated using the newly developed machine learning models. It is very suitable to assess the system vibration based on the mechanical properties of rock and operational properties.
The role of land use and land cover change in climate change vulnerability assessments of biodiversity: a systematic review
Authors: Santos Maria J. , Smith Adam B. , Dekker Stefan C. , Eppinga Maarten B. , Leitão Pedro J. , Moreno-Mateos David , Morueta-Holme Naia , Ruggeri Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Context
For many organisms, responses to climate change (CC) will be affected by land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC). However, the extent to which LULCC is concurrently considered in climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) is unclear.

Objectives
We identify trends in inclusion of LULCC and CC in vulnerability assessments of species and the direction and magnitude of their combined effect on biodiversity. Further, we examine the effect size of LULCC and CC in driving changes in “currencies” of response to CC, such as distribution, abundance and survival.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published in the last 30 years that focused on CCVA and accounted for impacts of both CC and LULCC.

Results
Across 116 studies, 34% assumed CC and LULCC would act additively, while 66% allowed for interactive effects. The majority of CCVAs reported similar effect sizes for CC and LULCC, although they affected different CCVA currencies. Only 14% of the studies showed larger effects of CC than of LULCC. Another 14% showed larger effects of LULCC than CC, specifically for dispersal, population viability, and reproduction, which tend to be strongly affected by fragmentation and disturbance. Although most studies found that LULCC and CC had negative effects on species currencies, in some cases effects were neutral or even positive.

Conclusions
CCVAs that incorporate LULCC provided a better account of drivers of vulnerability, and highlight aspects of drivers that are generally more amenable to on-the-ground management intervention than CCVAs that focus on CC alone.