bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of MHD Flow With Convective Boundary Conditions Over a Permeable Stretching Surface Using a Physics‐Informed Neural Network
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar Jyoti , Kalita Bhaskar , Saharia Gautam K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the impact of heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow through a stretching permeable surface while considering a chemical reaction and convective boundary conditions. A physics‐informed neural network (PINN) approach is employed to obtain precise solutions, representing a key novelty of this work. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformations. These equations are integrated into the PINN's loss function to enforce initial and boundary conditions, enabling the model to learn effectively during training. We analyze various parameters related to velocity, thermal, and concentration distributions and present the results graphically. The findings indicate that injecting fluid leads to a reduction in the velocity gradient as the fluid moves away from the surface, whereas suction has the opposite effect, increasing the velocity gradient. The velocity parameter significantly reduces the velocity boundary layer thickness, an effect further enhanced by the magnetic parameter. The thermal and concentration boundary layers are primarily affected by the Schmidt and Prandtl numbers. Additionally, the reaction parameter slows the concentration boundary layer near the sheet, while the convective parameter increases the temperature at the plate's surface. Our proposed method shows significant agreement with previous studies, validating its effectiveness in solving complex MHD flow problems. These findings provide deeper insights into fluid dynamics in MHD flows and have implications for applications involving heat and mass transfer, such as in chemical reactors, cooling systems, material processing, and environmental management.
M‐site dependent terahertz intrinsic absorption in MXenes
Authors: Fei Yang , Wang Qiuxiang , Wang Feng , Zhang Guozheng , Hu Min , Ding Tianpeng , Zhao Tao , Xiao Xu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltrathin terahertz (THz) absorbing films are critical as building blocks for THz devices and systems. Although few‐layer Ti3C2Tx MXene assemblies have approached the terahertz (THz) intrinsic absorption limit, it remains important to explore the THz intrinsic absorbing properties of other MXenes, which may elucidate the mechanism of THz‐matter interactions for the future guidance of material design. In this study, eight representative MXenes with different M‐sites were systematically analyzed. Surprisingly, the Ti2CTx thin film with direct current (DC) conductivity 26 times lower than that of the Ti3C2Tx film possessed similar high THz absorbing properties. Due to the significantly lower electron concentration of Ti2CTx compared to that of Ti3C2Tx, we concluded that the exceptional THz intrinsic absorption of Ti2CTx stemmed from its high terahertz electron mobility (μTHz), which was attributed to its low electron effective mass (m*). Because the THz intrinsic absorption was determined by THz conductivity, which was proportional to the ratio of electron density (n) to electron effective mass (m*), we proposed that optimizing n/m* was crucial for achieving high THz intrinsic absorption in MXenes. This study not only explored the underlying THz‐matter interaction mechanism in MXenes but also provided guidance for designing high THz absorption materials.image
Longitudinal Associations Between Youth Information Management With Mothers and Self‐Esteem: The Role of a Sense of Control
Authors: Peng Shisang , Hawk Skyler T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents' information management behaviors involve calibrating interactions between the self and parents, which could serve as either risk or protective factors for self‐esteem. Since a sense of control over life outcomes is a protective factor for overall well‐being, it might account for links between youth information management and self‐esteem. This longitudinal study examined whether youth's sense of control mediated associations between concealment and voluntary disclosure and their self‐esteem, at both the between‐ and within‐person levels.MethodsLate adolescents in Hong Kong (N = 350; 39.7% male; MageT1 = 18.20) completed 16 bi‐weekly reports of concealment and disclosure with mothers, their sense of control, and self‐esteem. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyzed both concurrent and temporal associations.ResultsAt the between‐person level, a diminished sense of control mediated relationships that higher concealment and lower disclosure respectively held with lower self‐esteem. Within‐person effects of concealment remained consistent across models examining concurrent and time‐lagged associations. Greater concealment negatively predicted both concurrent and subsequent sense of control, which, in turn, predicted lower self‐esteem. The concurrent associations model revealed that a stronger sense of control mediated a positive link between disclosure and self‐esteem. The temporal associations model did not find significant time‐lagged effects of disclosure.ConclusionsConcealment might be detrimental to adolescents' sense of control and self‐esteem both temporarily and enduringly, while routine disclosures could provide temporary contributions to healthy self‐perceptions. This research also emphasizes that a sense of control could be a focal point for interventions targeting youth who exhibit problematic information management.
A Newly Synthesized Benzimidazolium Salt: 1‐(2‐Cyanobenzyl)‐3‐(4‐Vinylbenzyl)‐1H‐Benzo[D]imidazol‐3‐ium Chloride as a Potential Anticancer Agent for Colon Cancer Treatment, In Vitro Study
Authors: Bitgen Nazmiye , Cakir Mustafa , Akkoc Senem , Donmez‐Altuntas Hamiyet 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTColon cancer is one of the most common cancer‐related deaths. Drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment. Numerous pharmacological and biochemical investigations have documented the benzimidazole ring's anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Within the scope of our project, the effect of newly synthesized benzimidazolium salt (BS) on cell proliferation was tested with MTT assay, and its effect on apoptosis and cell cycle was tested with annexin V and PI in the two different colon cancer cell lines (HT‐29 and DLD‐1). Our study examined the expressions of some genes related to apoptosis and, additionally, caspase activities with the multicaspase kit.BS showed an antiproliferative effect at lower doses in HT‐29 colon cancer cells. When HT‐29 cells were exposed to a 20 µM dosage, they showed increased caspase activity and apoptosis compared to DLD‐1 cells. HT‐29 accumulated in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, whereas DLD‐1 cells accumulated more in the S phase. In HT‐29 cells, colony formation was inhibited; however, in DLD‐1 cells, this effect was insufficient.Based on the apoptosis‐death pathway, BS is expected to have anti‐cancer effects. As a result of this work, this chemical was thoroughly examined in two different colon cancer cell lines, and additional, more comprehensive initiatives are being planned in light of the information obtained from this study.
Spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from croplands and unmanaged natural ecosystems across a large environmental gradient
Authors: Piñeiro‐Guerra Juan Manuel , Lewczuk Nuria A. , Della Chiesa Tomás , Araujo Patricia I. , Acreche Martín , Alvarez Carolina , Alvarez Carina R. , Chalco Vera Jorge , Alejandro Costantini , José De Tellería , Petrasek Marcos , Piccinetti Carlos , Picone Liliana , Portela Silvina I. , Posse Gabriela , Martin Seijo , Videla Cecilia , Yahdjian Laura , Piñeiro Gervasio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAtmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, with long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential 273 times higher than CO2. N2O emissions are mainly produced from soils and are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that can be substantially altered by anthropogenic activities, such as land uses, especially when unmanaged natural ecosystems are replaced by croplands or other uses. In this study, we evaluated the spatial variability of N2O emissions from croplands (maize, soybean, wheat, and sugar cane crops), paired with the natural grasslands or forests that they replaced across a wide environmental gradient in Argentina, and identified the key drivers governing the spatial variability of N2O emissions using structural equation modeling. We conducted on‐farm field measurements over 2 years at nine different sites, including a wide environmental gradient (mean rainfall from 679 to 1090 mm year−1 and mean temperatures from 13.8°C to 21.3°C), with diverse plant species life forms, and ecosystems, from the Semiarid Chaco forests in the Northwest of Argentina to the Pampas grasslands in the Southeast. On average, agricultural systems emitted more than twice N2O (+120%), had higher soil water content (+9%), higher soil temperatures (+3%), higher soil nitrate content (+19%) but lower ammonium (−33%) than natural ecosystems. We found that land use was the main driver of N2O emissions by directly affecting soil NO3− contents in both natural ecosystems and croplands. Urgent management practices aimed at reducing N2O emissions from croplands are needed to mitigate their contributions to global climate change.
Use of Occipital Vessels in Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Vos Derek J. , Hadford Stephen , Ciolek Peter J. , Genther Dane J. , Fritz Michael A. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo assess the use of occipital vessels for microvascular anastomosis in head and neck free tissue transfer reconstruction.MethodsA literature search was undertaken to identify studies utilizing the occipital vessels for microvascular anastomosis in free tissue transfer. Following literature review, 30 anatomic cadaveric dissections on 15 fresh unfixed cadavers were performed to evaluate the occipital artery and identify a reliable vein within reasonable proximity. In addition, vessel caliber pre‐ and post‐dilation was recorded, along with vessel geometry.ResultsThe mean (SD) artery diameter was 2.0 (0.4) mm pre‐dilation and 2.8 (0.56) mm post‐dilation. An accompanying occipital vein was identified in 20% of dissections (n = 6), with a mean (SD) vein diameter of 1.85 (0.85) mm pre‐dilation and 3.5 (0.93) mm post‐dilation. When an accompanying occipital vein was not present, the external jugular vein was identified as a suitable vessel for venous outflow. This vessel was identified from 1.0 to 5.0 cm from the mastoid tip, with a mean of 3.3 cm.ConclusionsThe occipital artery may be reliably identified using a limited post‐auricular incision. An accompanying occipital vein may be present in a minority of cases; however, the external jugular vein may be easily identified by extending this incision. The occipital vessels may be useful in reconstruction of posterior scalp defects or for use in vessel‐depleted necks.Level of EvidenceN/a Laryngoscope, 2025
Anisotropic Third‐Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Ultrathin Germanium Arsenide Fork Gratings
Authors: Deka Jayanta , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical vortices have the tremendous potential to increase data capacity by leveraging the extra degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum. On the other hand, anisotropic 2D materials are promising building blocks for future integrated polarization‐sensitive photonic and optoelectronic devices. Here, highly anisotropic third‐harmonic optical vortex beam generation is demonstrated with fork holograms patterned on ultrathin 2D germanium arsenide flakes. It is shown that the anisotropic nonlinear vortex beam generation can be achieved independent of the fork grating orientation with respect to the crystallographic orientation. Furthermore, 2D fork hologram is designed to generate multiple optical vortices having different topological charges with strong anisotropic responses. These results pave the way toward the advancement of 2D material‐based anisotropic nonlinear optical devices for future applications in photonic integrated circuits, optical communication, and optical information processing.
Trendbericht Festkörperchemie und Materialforschung 2025
Authors: Kieslich Gregor , Steinberg Simon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWie die Festkörperchemie im vergangenen Jahr Grundlegendes aufgeschlüsselt hat und den Übergang von Grundlagenforschung zur Anwendung gemeistert hat, verrät dieser Bericht. Es geht unter anderem um metallorganische Gerüstverbindungen, stickstoffhaltige Materialien, Elektronenstrukturen in Clustern und Intermetallika sowie optimierte Batterien.
EuChemS‐Nachwuchsworkshop in Galway
Authors: Rebelein Johannes , Traube Franziska 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZum vierten Young Investigator Workshop (YIW) der EuChemS Chemistry for Life Science Division trafen sich vom 12. bis 13. Juli 2024 in Galway vierzehn Nachwuchsgruppenleiterinnen und ‐leiter aus ganz Europa, die zu chemischer Biologie forschen.
Stress Distribution Around Arbitrarily Shaped Shallow Buried Tunnels in Transversely Isotropic Rock Mass
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Liang Qi , Ye Zi Kun , Hu Ke Xin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the stress solutions around shallow buried tunnels with arbitrary shapes in transversely isotropic rock mass are derived. First, the hybrid penalty function method is employed to derive the mapping function from an arbitrarily shaped tunnel to a unit circle in the complex plane. Then the complex function method and the Schwartz alternating method are used to derive the solution of the studied problem. A MATLAB program is developed on the basis of the presented theory. Thereafter, the finite element results of ABAQUS are compared with those obtained by the presented solutions, which confirms the theoretical and computational accuracy of the proposed approach, and the impacts of transverse isotropy, tunnel depth, and tunnel shape on the surrounding rock stresses are discussed.
Evaluating Feasibility of an Exercise Intervention Including Physical Assessment During the First 6 Months of Cancer Treatment in Children and Adolescents in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schmidt‐Andersen Peter , Pouplier Anna , Faigenbaum Avery D. , Beth Christina Kirkeby , Olsen Clara Cæcilie , Lykkedegn Sine , Hasle Henrik , Müller Klaus , Larsen Hanne Baekgaard , Fridh Martin , Christensen Jan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled exercise intervention, including physical assessments, in children and adolescents during the first 6 months of cancer treatment.Materials and methodsA sample of children and adolescents (n = 84, 6‒17.9 years) from an ongoing trial (INTERACT: NCT04706676) was randomly assigned to an integrative neuromuscular training (INT) intervention or active control intervention during treatment. The following inter‐related feasibility domains were assessed: availability, acceptance, and attrition. Further, we assessed adherence to INT and physical assessments. Adverse events related to exercise and physical assessments were also reported.ResultsWe found feasible rates within the availability and attrition domains. While the INT group demonstrated feasible group‐level adherence rates, individual adherence to prescribed intervention demands was suboptimal. Physical assessments after 6 months of cancer treatment showed feasible rates.ConclusionThis study offers insights into the feasibility of an early‐initiated INT intervention designed for children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment. To ensure an optimal frequency of exercise in future studies, a flexible approach to hospital‐based INT and a structured strategy for home‐based exercise should be considered. Future trials should prioritize outcomes to minimize the length and timing of assessment.
Self‐reported physical activity more than 1 year after stroke and its determinants in relation to the WHO recommendations
Authors: Kähler Maria , Nilsson Hanna M. , Rosengren Lina , Jacobsson Lars , Lexell Jan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) after stroke has significant health benefits if it is conducted regularly, with sufficient intensity and duration. Because of the health benefits, it is important to identify those below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of PA. However, few studies have assessed the level of PA after stroke in relation to the WHO recommendations and which sociodemographic factors and stroke characteristics are associated with those below the WHO recommendations.ObjectiveTo assess survivors of stroke at least 1 year after onset and (1) describe their self‐reported level of PA; (2) explore the association between PA, sociodemographics, and stroke characteristics, and (3) determine the characteristics of those below the WHO recommended level of PA.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive survey.SettingCommunity settings.ParticipantsData were collected from 160 survivors of stroke (mean age 73 years, 46% women, mean time since stroke onset 35 months).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare Physical Activity Questionnaire and the following sociodemographics and stroke characteristics: gender, age, marital status, vocational situation, need for home help, use of mobility devices, time since stroke onset, first‐time stroke, type of stroke, location of stroke, and stroke treatment.ResultsTwo thirds (66.3%) of the participants were below the WHO recommendations. The hierarchical regression analysis explained 13% of the variance in PA with need for home help as a single significant contributor. Those who did not meet the WHO recommendations were significantly older, more likely to live alone, and in need of home help and mobility devices.ConclusionsA majority of survivors of stroke do not meet the WHO recommended level of PA. Future studies should assess how other factors characterize those who are physically inactive. This knowledge could help rehabilitation professionals to target interventions and self‐management programs to promote PA among survivors of stroke.
Differences in content of care and outcomes between a clinical practice guideline adherent program and usual care for patellofemoral pain: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Farrokhi Shawn , Gorczynski Sara , Beisheim‐Ryan Emma , Piva Sara R. , Rhon Daniel I. , Willy Richard W. , Pontillo Marisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee condition in young and active individuals that is managed with highly variable treatment strategies.ObjectiveTo determine whether the length, number of visits, and content of physical therapy care for patients with PFP differ between a Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) adherent program and usual care. Additionally, the percentage of patients reporting clinically important improvements in patient‐reported outcomes in each group was evaluated as an exploratory aim.DesignRetrospective analysis of clinical data.SettingMilitary outpatient physical therapy clinics.PatientsThirty‐two patients who received CPG‐adherent care and 46 patients who received usual care.InterventionsPatients in the CPG‐adherent group were classified into overuse/overload, movement coordination deficits, muscle performance deficits, or mobility impairments subcategories based on CPG‐recommended examination procedures and received the CPG‐recommended interventions. Patients in the usual care group received interventions based on clinical expertise and organizational practice standards.Main Outcomes MeasuresLength of care, number of visits, and intervention content were used as primary outcomes. The Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS), and Global Rating of Change (GROC) scores were used as secondary outcomes. These scores were extracted from routinely collected health data available in medical records; as a result, not all patients completed these outcomes during the follow‐up time points because they were optional.ResultsThe number of physical therapy visits and percentage of patients receiving knee‐targeted exercises, soft tissue mobility interventions, neuromuscular reeducation, patient education, patellar taping, and foot orthoses were greater in the CPG‐adherent group compared to usual care (p < .05). Additionally, most patients in the CPG‐adherent group reported clinically meaningful improvements in secondary outcomes: AKPS (1 month: 13/23; 3 months: 11/16), DVPRS (1 month: 11/20; 3 months: 8/14), and GROC (1 month: 14/22; 3 months: 11/16). In contrast, fewer than half of the patients in the usual care group reached clinically meaningful thresholds: AKPS (1 month: 1/17; 3 months: 3/8), DVPRS (1 month: 3/15; 3 months: 3/7), and GROC (1 month: 2/12; 3 months: 2/7).ConclusionThe content of the CPG‐adherent care was significantly different versus usual care and associated with meaningful changes in outcomes. Several CPG‐recommended interventions appeared to be underused in usual care, underscoring the value of further CPG adoption.
“That's Just Gonna Make Them Upset”: Youth Authoring Emerging Epistemic Ideals Through Rightful Presence
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rishi , Duncan Ravit Golan , Tan Edna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is a growing body of scholarship in science education that attends to the role of affect as shaping youths' negotiation of and experiences with disciplinary science practices. As part of the special issue Centering Affect and Emotion Toward Justice and Dignity in Science Education, in this paper we examine how power and affect shape epistemic negotiations as youth and adults designed a community survey during a 7th grade biology unit on stress. We used interaction analysis methods to examine how care for the survey takers co‐operatively emerged as an epistemic ideal when creating a community ethnography. The epistemic ideal was shaped by disrupting disciplinary practices, negotiating multidirectional powered adult‐youth relations in the classroom, and youths' positionings in relation with macro‐sociopolitical worlds. How youth characterized care was not neutral but involved youth experiencing politicized empathy towards survey takers coupled with them taking action against survey takers potentially experiencing harm through a tool of Eurocentric science (i.e., the survey). Overall, this work contributes to a critically nuanced understanding of how affect is entangled with and visible through the complex powered dynamics that youth and adults negotiate when engaging in sociopolitical allyship towards more just ways of knowing, examined through the emergence of epistemic ideals within an explicitly justice‐oriented middle school science curriculum.
The Influence of Prior Knowledge and Perceived Impact on the Connection Between Attitudes and Sustainable Behavior
Authors: Gugenishvili Ilia , Laine‐Kronberg Annika 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe connection between attitudes and sustainable behavior is important and has been researched from several perspectives. However, we still lack comprehensive knowledge of the factors influencing their relationship. We address that gap by examining the impact of perceived impact and prior knowledge on the connection between attitudes, intentions, and behavior. We sampled 464 participants from Finland and Sweden and demonstrated that positive attitudes significantly predict behavioral intentions, with prior knowledge and personal impact moderating that relationship. Prior knowledge also moderates the relationship between attitudes and actual behavior, but personal impact does not. Additionally, while attitudes do not directly predict behavior, behavioral intentions reliably forecast actual behavior, underscoring the importance of fostering positive intentions for promoting sustainable practices.