bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and characteristics of post-infection immunity in a general population cohort study in Catalonia, Spain.
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Moncunill Gemma , Espinosa Ana , Vinyals Gemma , Jiménez Alfons , Vidal Marta , Santano Rebeca , Barrios Diana , Puyol Laura , Carreras Anna , Mayer Leonie , Rubio Rocio , Cortés Beatriz , Pleguezuelos Vanessa , Gordo Cristina , Fossati Serena , Rivas Ioar , Casabonne Delphine , Vrijheid Martine , Izquierdo Luis , Aguilar Ruth , Basagaña Xavier , Aymerich Judith , de Cid Rafael , Dobaño Carlota , Kogevinas Manolis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sparse data exist on the complex natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. We applied a well-validated multiplex serology test in 5000 participants of a general population study in Catalonia in blood samples collected from end June to mid November 2020. We detected a seroprevalence of 18.1% in adults (n=4740), and modeled extrapolation to the general population of Catalonia indicated a 15.3% seroprevalence. Antibodies persisted up to 9 months after infection. Immune profiling of infected individuals revealed that with increasing severity of infection (asymptomatic, 1-3 symptoms, ≥4 symptoms, admitted to hospital/ICU), seroresponses were more robust with a shift towards IgG over IgA and anti-spike over anti-nucleocapsid responses. Seropositive smokers showed lower seroresponses than non-smokers. In adolescents (n=260) seroprevalence was 11.5% and IgG anti-spike responses were dominant. Our study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.
Policies And Practice In Nigeria’s Pharmaceutical Sector: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Stakeholders’ Perspectives On Strategic Reforms
Authors: Adigwe Obi Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Amongst other objectives, the National Drug Policy was designed to improve access to medicines, whilst also stimulating socioeconomic development. The policy was also intended to promote pharmaceutical research and development in Nigeria. Despite its criticality in the achievement of national Medicines’ Security, evidence suggests a policy failure with consequent implications on attendant national health indices. This study aimed at assessing the views of pharmaceutical sector practitioners and other stakeholders, on the status quo as well as on strategies that can improve access to health whilst developing the sector. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires which were administered to stakeholders present during an event that focused on improving the Nigerian pharmaceutical sector. Questionnaires were completed and returned. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, whilst textual data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Majority (48%) of the study participants indicated that current policy ecosystem was hostile for pharmaceutical sector growth and development. Also, a considerable proportion (97.3%) of the study participants indicated that increased investment in health research could stimulate the development of the pharmaceutical sector. Majority of the study participants indicated the need for collaboration between pharmaceutical companies, research institutes and the petrochemical industry.Conclusions: This study consequently identified several critical factors that can stimulate development in the sector, including increased funding of research; stringent implementation of existing policies; and prioritization of pharmaceutical sector by government and other key stakeholders.
Computer Simulation Algorithm of Gymnastics Formation Change Path Based on Wireless Sensor
Authors: Chen Bingxin , Kuang Lifei , He Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Today, with the rapid development of information age, the communication of science and technology is getting closer to each other, and our country has begun to conduct in-depth research on WSN. This study mainly discusses the computer simulation algorithm of gymnastics formation transformation path based on wireless sensor. In this study, an improved leader follower method is designed. In the research of gymnastics formation transformation of mobile nodes in wireless sensor network environment, the traditional three types of nodes are divided into four categories according to different formation responsibilities, namely coordinator, beacon node, leader and follower. When it makes accurate positioning with the help of beacon node information, it will send the information in the form of broadcast, and then the coordinator will send the information to the host computer through the serial port for tracking display. In order to make the mobile nodes in the network keep the current gymnastics formation moving towards the target point after completing the gymnastics formation transformation, this paper uses the L - φ closed-loop control method to modify the gymnastics formation in real time. The method based on the received signal strength is used to locate the mobile node. Combined with the positioning engine in the core processor CC2431 of the mobile node, the efficient and low-energy wireless positioning can be realized. Multiple mobile nodes coordinate and control each other, and each node communicates with each other through wireless mode, and senses its own heading angle information through geomagnetic sensor, so as to judge and adjust the maintenance and transformation of the current gymnastics formation. In the process of formation transformation, the analysis shows that the maximum offset of follower2 relative to the ideal path is + 0.28M in the process of marching to the desired position in the triangle queue. This research effectively realizes the computer simulation of autonomous formation.
Adjuvant Pelvic Radiotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Outcomes By Risk Factors
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Mei Zijie , Hong Lu , Yang Chunxu , Chen Min , Xie Conghua , Qiu Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is not the current standard treatment option for ovarian cancer (OC) patients. The present study aims to explore the risk factors of adjuvant pelvic RT for patients with OC and to investigate prognostic factors associated with longer progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) period.Methods: From April 2004 to September 2020, OC patients administered with RT were collected retrospectively at our institution and those who received pelvic RT were selected for further analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the PFS, OS and local control (LC) rate. Univariate and multivariate cox regression model were established to identify potential beneficiaries of pelvic RT.Results: Overall, a total of 89 OC patients underwent RT were identified, 70 of whom were treated with adjuvant pelvic RT and were eligible for final analysis. Median follow-up was 51.0 months. The estimated 3-year OS rate was 48.1% and 3-year PFS rate was 26.8%, respectively. CACTE grade 4 to 5 toxicities were observed in 2 patients. Multivariate cox model illustrated that high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), advanced stage disease (FIGO stage III & IV), receiving pelvic RT during multiple relapses as well as no previous chemotherapy (CT) were independent risk factors for PFS. Additionally, patients with 0-1 risk factor had a longer PFS time than those with 2-4 risk factors.Conclusions: Pelvic RT was well tolerated and had favorable efficacy in OC patients with low risk factor (0-1), which might confer prolonged survival. However, further investigations are needed.
Modelling Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media Using an Improved Picard Iteration Scheme
Authors: Zhu S.R. , Wu L.Z. , Ma T. , Li S.H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The numerical solution of various systems of linear equations describing fluid infiltration uses the Picard iteration (PI). However, because many such systems are ill-conditioned, the solution process often has a poor convergence rate, making it very time-consuming. In this study, a control volume method based on non-uniform nodes is used to discretize the Richards equation, and adaptive relaxation is combined with a multistep preconditioner to improve the convergence rate of PI. The resulting adaptive relaxed PI with multistep preconditioner (MP(m)-ARPI) is used to simulate unsaturated flow in porous media. Three examples are used to verify the proposed schemes. The results show that MP(m)-ARPI can effectively reduce the condition number of the coefficient matrix for the system of linear equations. Compared with conventional PI, MP(m)-ARPI achieves faster convergence, higher computational efficiency, and enhanced robustness. These results demonstrate that improved scheme is an excellent prospect for simulating unsaturated flow in porous media.
Adaptation to host cell environment during experimental evolution of Zika virus
Authors: Grass Vincent , Hardy Emilie , Kobert Kassian , Talemi Soheil Rastgou , Décembre Elodie , Guy Coralie , Markov Peter , Kohl Alain , Paris Mathilde , Bockmann Anja , Muñoz-González Sara , Sherry Lee , Höfer Thomas , Boussau Bastien , Dreux Marlène 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause important developmental and neurological defects in Humans. Type I/III interferon responses control ZIKV infection and pathological processes, yet the virus has evolved various mechanisms to defeat these host responses. Here, we established a pipeline to delineate at high-resolution the genetic evolution of ZIKV in a controlled host cell environment. We uncovered that serially passaged ZIKV acquired increased infectivity and simultaneously developed a resistance to TLR3-induced restriction. We built a mathematical model that suggests that the increased infectivity is due to a reduced time-lag between infection and viral replication. We found that this adaptation is cell-type specific, suggesting that different cell environments may drive viral evolution along different routes. Deep-sequencing of ZIKV populations pinpointed mutations whose increased frequencies temporally coincide with the acquisition of the adapted phenotype. We functionally validated S455L, a substitution in ZIKV envelope (E) protein, recapitulating the adapted phenotype. Its positioning on the E structure suggests a putative function in protein refolding/stability. Taken together, our results uncovered ZIKV adaptations to the cellular environment leading to accelerated replication onset coupled with resistance to TLR3-induced antiviral response. Our work provides insights into Zika virus adaptation to host cells and immune escape mechanisms.
Effectiveness of Selected Issues of Used Tyre Management in Poland
Authors: Przydatek Grzegorz , Budzik Grzegorz , Janik Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to assess used tyre management efficiency in Poland from 2008 to 2018, considering their recovery based on EU and national regulations. Within 11 years, over 5 million Mg of used tyres were introduced to the domestic market, exceeding 50 million registered vehicles. A significant process in tyre waste management was the recovery of 47% of tyres, which was almost fully correlated with the total amount of tyres. Only the growth trend of the manufactured tyres was considered significant, and the rarely used indicator of the accumulation of used tyres per area showed an uneven accumulation of worn tyres with the highest amount of 48.06 Mg km-2 in a region with a small area but significant volume of tyres. Therefore, management of used tyres requires taking actions that optimise increasing waste collection and rational recovery in the context of the further minimisation of environmental pressure and increasing the efficiency of their use, taking into account the advanced technology.
A Case of an Extremely Rare Disconnection of the External Iliac Artery and Novel Collateral Remodeling
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Zhou Ting , Yu Nan , Liu Ronghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Injury to the external iliac artery (EIA) can have serious consequences and can be extremely challenging for surgeons. Here, we report a patient with bizarre disconnection of the external iliac artery during a laparoscopic operation.Case presentation: On May 27, 2020, during a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy operation to treat endometrial stromal sarcoma, we encountered an unusual anatomy: abnormal disconnection of the left external iliac artery in a 26-year-old female patient. The proximal and distal ends of the left external iliac artery demonstrated old narrowing without active bleeding, and the distance between the two disconnected ends was more than 3 cm. The scenario was surprising to the entire staff in the operating theater. After a comprehensive assessment of skin temperature, arterial pulsation and arterial blood flow, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) determined that collateral circulation of the left lower limb had been established and could meet the blood supply of the lower limbs, which was also confirmed three times by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the abdomen and lower limbs. Eleven months after the operation, the patient had no obvious abnormality, and the daily activities of the left lower limb were not affected. Follow-up after treatment for the patient is still in progress.Conclusions: We describe the details of the whole case of disconnection of the external iliac artery. We hope to summarize the experience and lessons learned through this case and a relevant literature review to improve the safety and orderliness of our future clinical work.
A Novel PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway- Associated Prognostic Signature Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhihuai , Xiong Chen , Chen Shuai , Sun Li , Gao Peng , Gao Yuan , Zhu Chunfu , Qin Xihu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway acts as the most common carcinogenic pathway in HCC. But few studies have reported the prognostic value of PI3K/AKT associated genes (PAGs) and their association with immune infiltration in HCC.Methods: The mRNA sequencing data and clinical information were gained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. The 105 PAGs gene sets were from the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) website. The biological processes of differently expressed PAGs were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. A four-gene prognostic signature (SFN, PRKAA2, PITX2 and CDK1) was built based on the multivariate analyses results. Its prognostic value was trained in TCGA database and tested in GEO database and ICGC database. The association between risk score and immune infiltration were explored by CIBERSORT method.Results: a total of nine differently expressed PAGs were identified. GO and KEGG revealed these genes were correlated with different carcinogenic pathways. The patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group according to the median risk score. The high-risk group had shorter survival time compared with the low-risk group in Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed the better prognostic value of risk score (ROC=0.736) compared with other clinicopathological characteristics (AUC ≤ 0.511). The consistent results were obtained in the GEO database and ICGC database. The nomogram predicted the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates in HCC. The risk score was correlated with immune infiltration of monocytes and M0 macrophages, and the expression of immune checkpoints (PDCD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and TIGIT) were related to risk score. Conclusion: Our study established a novel four-gene prognostic signature by integrated bioinformatic analysis. It provided new insight into the immunotherapy targets and may direct the individualized treatment in HCC.
Experiential Learning for Psychomotor Skills Development of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Students: An Action Research
Authors: Alrazeeni Daifallah , Younas Ahtisham , Rasheed Subia Parveen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Experiential learning is useful for fostering the development of a wide range of clinical and relational skills. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of experiential learning for psychomotor skills development of emergency medical system (EMS) students.
Methods

An action research approach was used because it is useful for linking theory with action and practice. FISDAP tool was used to assess and monitor students’ performance and competencies achievement in psychomotor skills. The study was conducted at Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services (PSCEMS), King Saud University (KSU). Skills Performance of 71 EMS students were analysed in the experiential learning implemented throughout the curriculum over 3 years.
Results

The finding indicates that the students’ skills performance fall below the minimum requirement during the clinical practicum and significantly improved during the time of internship period. The overall success rate across range between 26.58–35.74% across all the psychomotor skills. Whereas during the internship year student’s success rate range between 85.49–99.4% across all the psychomotor skills.
Conclusions

The findings of this study are promising and show that experiential learning is useful and effective way to develop psychomotor skills and competencies in EMS students. Educators and policy makers can use the findings for strategizing policies for curriculum planning and development.
Plasmonic Nanosensor Based on Mie Scattering in Multi-mode Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: zhu jun , Ren Yihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The scattering and absorption characteristics of light by spherical particles are often analysed based on the classical Mie scattering theory.In this paper，we study refractive index sensor of multi-mode based on the Mie scattering and its extension theories. Based on the Mie scattering theory, the light extinction, scattering, absorption cross-section, and absorption efficiency associated with the spherical particle can be calculated.The structure that we design has a long wavelength possesses a higher power than that with a short wavelength.Also,the structural parameters induces a red-shift in the resonance spectrum. Lastly,the results of multi-mode are obtained: the transmittance of modes 1, 2, and 3 vary within the ranges 0.43–0.67, 0.61–0.46, and 0.26–0.5, respectively; the figures of merit of modes 1, 2, and 3 can reach as high as 12, 27.7, and 3.8, respectively; the refractive index sensitivity can reach as high as and . As indicated by these findings, the proposed structure can significantly improve the transmission characteristics of nanodevices. Such a structure holds significant potential for application in the field of on-chip plasma sensing and optical communication.
Increasing the Production of Xenocoumacin 1 by Optimizing the Fermentation Process of Xenorhabdus Nematophila
Authors: Han Yunfei , Gao Jiangtao , Zhang Shujing , Han Jinhua , Yan Zhiqiang , Ta Yongquan , Wang Yonghong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn 1), a kind of water-soluble antibiotic discovered from the cell-free broth of Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001, has exhibited excellent activity against bacteria, oomycetes and fungi. However, the low yield limits the development and utilization of Xcn1. In order to increase the yield of Xcn1, the fermentation process was optimized in this study. Results: Maltose and proteose peptone were identified as the best carbon and nitrogen sources that significantly affected Xcn1 production using a-factor-at-a-time approach. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the medium constituents for Xcn1 production by X. nematophila YL001. Higher Xcn1-content (113.65 μg/mL) was obtained after optimizing medium components. The optimal levels of medium components were (g/L): proteose peptone 20.83, maltose 12.74, K2HPO4 3.77. Fermentation conditions, such as initial pH, inoculum size, temperature, rotation speed, liquid volume and the length of fermentation, were also investigated by using a-factor-at-a-time method to get a higher production of Xcn1. X. nematophila YL001 was able to produce higher Xcn1 (153.56 μg/mL) at 25°C, initial pH 7.0, inoculum size 10%, culture medium 75 mL in a 250 mL shake flash with an agitation rate of 150 rpm for 48h. Additionally, kinds, concentrations and adding time of the precursor were also investigated. X. nematophila YL001 was able to produce the highest Xcn1 (173.99 μg/mL) when the arginine was added to the broth with 3 mmol/L at the 12th hour. An overall 243.38% increase in Xcn1 content was obtained as compared with mean observed response at TSB medium.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on optimization of fermentation process for Xcn1 production quantified by HPLC. The results show that nutrition, precursors and fermentation conditions had a highly influence on the production of Xcn1 by X. nematophila YL001. The optimized medium and fermentation conditions resulted in a 243.38% increase in Xcn1 production. This work will be helpful for the development of X. nematophila YL001 cultivation process for efficient Xcn1 production and lay a foundation for its industrial production.
Competing and Interfering Conflict: Insights from Decision-Making Tasks
Authors: He Xu , Qiu Boyu , Cheng Yanrong , Liu Ting , Wang Sixian , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cognitive control, the most distinguishing characteristic of human behavior, is typically studied by conflict paradigms, in which conflicts are induced by goal-irrelevant stimuli (interfering conflict). We argue that competing conflict, where all stimuli need to be processed, is more basic and can also be measured using a decision-making task. In the current study, participants completed modified versions of the backward masking majority function task and the Flanker task to compare the two types of conflict in several dimensions, including reaction and resolving time, effects related to cognitive control (conflict adaption and error-related slowing), inter-stimuli distance, and uncertainty of the location. The results of these comparisons illustrate the unity and diversity of these two types of conflict. The potential application of the computational model in competing conflict is also discussed. The results will not only deepen our understanding of cognitive control and decision-making but also contribute to other areas like artificial intelligence.