bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Low Pressure Carbonylation of Allylic Alcohols by Catalytic Anhydride Activation
Authors: Schelwies Mathias , Paciello Rocco , Pelzer Ralf , Siegel Wolfgang , Breuer Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA direct carbonylation of allylic alcohols has been realized for the first time with high catalyst activity at low pressure of CO (10 bar). The procedure is described in detail for the carbonylation of E‐nerolidol, an important step in a new BASF‐route to (−)‐ambrox. Key to high activities in the allylic alcohol carbonylation is the finding that catalytic amounts of carboxylic anhydride activate the substrate and are constantly regenerated with carbon monoxide under the reaction conditions. The identified reaction conditions are transferrable to other substrates as well.
A Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of (−)‐Salvinorin A
Authors: Zimdars Patrick , Wang Yuzhou , Metz Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA concise enantioselective total synthesis of the neoclerodane diterpene (−)‐salvinorin A is reported. The stereogenic center at C‐12 was installed by catalytic asymmetric propargylation with excellent enantioselectivity, and the remaining six stereogenic centers were set up highly diastereoselectively under substrate control. As for our previous synthesis of racemic salvinorin A, two intramolecular Diels‐Alder reactions were applied to generate the tricyclic core. A chemoselective Mitsunobu inversion of asyn1,2‐diol allowed for further streamlining of the original reaction sequence by two steps. Overall, (−)‐salvinorin A was synthesized in only 16 steps starting from 3‐furaldehyde with 1.4 % total yield. Furthermore, an alternative intramolecular Diels‐Alder strategy employing a 2‐bromo‐1,3‐diene moiety was investigated.
Sodium recovery from crystallization waste of Bayer liquor in alumina beneficiation
Authors: Moreno Rodrigo Aparecido , Falconi Isabela Brandolis Alves , Gonçalves Thamiris Auxiliadora Martins , Seno Júnior Roberto , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe residue generated in the crystallization stage of the Bayer process to obtain alumina may be used for sodium recovery. The addition of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to the residues of the Bayer process may become an alternative study for recovering the caustic soda (NaOH) inserted in the process, so the objective of this work is to utilize the causticization technique in a real residue obtained from the crystallization step of the Bayer liquor. The residue characterized presented 13% Al, so this indicated that there were losses of this element in the Bayer process. Also, the presence of Na2C2O4, Na2CO3, and NaAlO2 were observed. The total sodium recovery was 87%, and the best condition for causticization to occur was in the use of a 1:1 molar ratio (Na2C2O4 and Ca(OH)2), during 6 h of reaction, and at 80°C, with the conversion of 96% of the organic carbons present in the solution. The causticization was effective in separating sodium from residue in the removal of oxalates, organics, and aluminium, and it provided a reaction that separated oxalates and carbonates that are harmful to the aluminium obtaining process.
Well‐Posedness in Gevrey Function Space for 3D Prandtl Equations without Structural Assumption
Authors: Li Wei‐Xi , Masmoudi Nader , Yang Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe establish the well‐posedness in Gevrey function space with optimal class of regularity 2 for the three‐dimensional Prandtl system without any structural assumption. The proof combines in a novel way a new cancellation in the system with some of the old ideas to overcome the difficulty of the loss of derivatives in the system. This shows that the three‐dimensional instabilities in the system leading to ill‐posedness are not worse than the two‐dimensional ones. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Do plant ploidy and pollinator tongue length interact to cause low seed yield in red clover?
Authors: Hederström Veronica , Rundlöf Maj , Birgersson Göran , Larsson Mattias C. , Balkenius Anna , Lankinen Åsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe loss of long‐tongued pollinator species and dominance of a few short‐tongued generalist species, related to agricultural intensification in recent decades, may have consequences for the quality, quantity, and stability of yields in insect‐pollinated crops. Interestingly, the changes in pollinator community coincide with an increase in poor and variable seed yield in red clover, an important crop for green manure and forage production. However, to date we lack a holistic understanding of the factors that drive seed yield in red clover crops. To remedy this, we related plant and pollinator traits to pollinator visitation, behavior, and pollination efficiency in four diploid and five tetraploid red clover cultivars during three years in a common garden setting. Tetraploid cultivars produced 52% fewer seeds and 41% lower seed weight per flower head compared with diploid cultivars. They also had fewer flower heads per plant, larger florets, and lower pollen viability than diploids. Pollinator species with shorter tongues visited diploid cultivars more frequently than tetraploid cultivars. Pollinator species with longer tongues deposited more pollen and showed higher pollination efficiency in terms of seeds produced after single visits. Our results suggest that while both diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars benefit from the presence of longer‐tongued pollinator species, seed yield in tetraploid cultivars may be more sensitive to the loss of these bumble bee species in intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes.
Metabolomics and cardiovascular imaging: a combined approach for cardiovascular ageing
Authors: Koh Angela S. , Kovalik Jean‐Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to explore how metabolomics can help uncover new biomarkers and mechanisms for cardiovascular ageing. Cardiovascular ageing refers to cardiovascular structural and functional alterations that occur with chronological ageing and that can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. These alterations, which were previously only detectable on tissue histology or corroborated on blood samples, are now detectable with modern imaging techniques. Despite the emergence of powerful new imaging tools, clinical investigation into cardiovascular ageing is challenging because ageing is a life course phenomenon involving known and unknown risk factors that play out in a dynamic fashion. Metabolomic profiling measures large numbers of metabolites with diverse chemical properties. Metabolomics has the potential to capture changes in biochemistry brought about by pathophysiologic processes as well as by normal ageing. When combined with non‐invasive cardiovascular imaging tools, metabolomics can be used to understand pathological consequences of cardiovascular ageing. This review will summarize previous metabolomics and imaging studies in cardiovascular ageing. These methods may be a clinically relevant and novel approach to identify mechanisms of cardiovascular ageing and formulate or personalize treatment strategies.
Effect of Carillon Mitral Contour System on patient‐reported outcomes in functional mitral regurgitation: an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Friede Tim , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThe Carillon Mitral Contour System has been shown to reduce mitral regurgitation and left ventricular volumes in symptomatic heart failure patients with functional mitral regurgitation. We sought to evaluate the effects of the Carillon device on quality of life and functional capacity in these patients.Methods and resultsAn individual participant data meta‐analysis was conducted utilizing data from REDUCE‐FMR, TITAN, and TITAN II studies. The main outcomes assessed were changes from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scores (KCCQ‐OSS), 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification at Months 1 and 12 after device implantation. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation (Grade 3 or 4). Pooled estimates were calculated using a random‐effects model and are presented as weighted proportions or weighted mean differences along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 139 patients included in the analysis, Carillon device significantly improved the 6MWT distance (63.0 m; 95% CI 18.8–107.2, P = 0.0056) and KCCQ‐OSS score (15.1; 95% CI 5.6–24.7, P = 0.0022) at 1 month from baseline. These benefits were sustained at 12 months (64.1 m; 95% CI 13.2–115.0, P = 0.0141, for 6MWT distance, and 12.3; 95% CI 4.7–19.8, P = 0.0019, for KCCQ‐OSS score). More than 50% of the patients had improvements in KCCQ‐OSS by ≥5 (60.4%; 95% CI 47.4–72.1) and 10 points (50.5%; 95% CI 34.9–66.0) at 12 months. Almost half of the patients experienced a ≥1 class improvement in NYHA class after implantation of the device at 1 month (67.9%; 95% CI 37.3–88.3) and at 12 months (48.8%; 95% CI 31.8–66.2). Results remained similar for KCCQ‐OSS, 6MWT distance, and NYHA classification when only patients with Grade 3 or 4 mitral regurgitation were analysed. The pooled estimates of 30 day and 1 year all‐cause mortality were 2.2% (95% CI 0.7–6.5) and 17.3% (95% CI 11.8–24.5), respectively.ConclusionsThe Carillon Mitral Contour System significantly improved patient‐reported quality‐of‐life outcomes in heart failure patients with functional mitral regurgitation.
Streamlined One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitro Fatty Acids
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Krieg Sara‐Cathrin , Ndefo Nde Cedric , Roos Jessica , Maier Thorsten J. , El Rady Eman A. , Raslan Mohamed A. , Sadek Kamal U. , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of nitro fatty acids (NFAs), an intriguing class of endogenously occurring lipid mediators, is reported. This one‐pot procedure enables the controlled and stereoselective construction of nitro fatty acids from a simple set of common building blocks in a highly facile manner. Thereby, this methodology offers a streamlined, highly modular access to naturally occurring nitro fatty acids as well as non‐natural NFA derivatives.
Exploiting the Versatility of Palladium Catalysis: A Modern Toolbox for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Ballav Tamal , Biswas Krishna , Ghosh Suman , Ganesh Venkataraman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization received much attention in organic synthesis due to its efficiency and rapid transformation of simple starting materials into complex molecular skeletons. Celebrating the 10th year of the prestigious Nobel prize for palladium chemistry, we witness it still proceeds strong over other transition metals for its versatility. Cascade reactions in contemporary organic synthesis reduced cost and time through careful design. It has emerged as the first choice, a powerful tool for multiple bond formations in one step with a wide range of functional group tolerance due to the deep understanding of various pathways. A variety of compounds with biological relevance with complex molecular scaffolds have been achieved using these cascade coupling reactions. This review outlines Pd‐catalyzed cascade reactions from the post‐Nobel era. Nevertheless, more discoveries and endless possibilities for new transformations are underway.
Electrochemical Oxidative C−H Cyanation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with TMSCN
Authors: Zhan Yanling , Li Yifan , Tong Jinwen , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and nitriles are valuable organic compounds, and it is an interesting task to introduce cyano into quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. Herein a regioselective C−H cyanation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones was developed with a nucleophilic cyano source TMSCN under electrochemical oxidative conditions. This process allowed the synthesis of C3 cyanated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in moderate to excellent yields in the absence of transition‐metal catalysts and organic hydroperoxides.
Intracranial monitoring contributes to seizure freedom for temporal lobectomy patients with nonconcordant preoperative data
Authors: Sokolov Elisaveta , Sisterson Nathaniel D. , Hussein Helweh , Plummer Cheryl , Corson Danielle , Antony Arun R. , Mettenburg Joseph M. , Ghearing Gena R. , Pan Jullie W. , Urban Alexandra , Bagić Anto , Richardson R. Mark , Kokkinos Vasileios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe question of whether a patient with presumed temporal lobe seizures should proceed directly to temporal lobectomy surgery versus undergo intracranial monitoring arises commonly. We evaluate the effect of intracranial monitoring on seizure outcome in a retrospective cohort of consecutive subjects who specifically underwent an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 85 patients with focal refractory TLE who underwent ATL following: (a) intracranial monitoring via craniotomy and subdural/depth electrodes (SDE/DE), (b) intracranial monitoring via stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG), or (c) no intracranial monitoring (direct ATL—dATL). For each subject, the presurgical primary hypothesis for epileptogenic zone localization was characterized as unilateral TLE, unilateral TLE plus (TLE+), or TLE with bilateral/poor lateralization.ResultsAt one‐year and most recent follow‐up, Engel Class I and combined I/II outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups. Outcomes were better in the dATL group compared to the intracranial monitoring groups for lesional cases but were similar in nonlesional cases. Those requiring intracranial monitoring for a hypothesis of TLE+had similar outcomes with either intracranial monitoring approach. sEEG was the only approach used in patients with bilateral or poorly lateralized TLE, resulting in 77.8% of patients seizure‐free at last follow‐up. Importantly, for 85% of patients undergoing SEEG, recommendation for ATL resulted from modifying the primary hypothesis based on iEEG data.SignificanceOur study highlights the value of intracranial monitoring in equalizing seizure outcomes in difficult‐to‐treat TLE patients undergoing ATL.
The magnetohydrodynamic flow of a nanofluid over a curved exponentially stretching surface
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Khan Arshad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamics flow of a nanofluid over an exponentially curved stretching surface is deeply focused in the current study. By using the assumption on the curved stretching surface, the governing equations are established. We obtain nonlinear partial differential equations by utilizing the boundary layer estimation on the Navier–Stokes condition. These equations are converted into nondimensional system ordinary differential equations, using a suitable similarity transformation. The governing system of equations is tackled through an analytical method. The impacts of different pertinent parameters involved in the governing equations are illustrated graphically, whereas the numerical values of , and are also tabulated. The velocity profile declines with an increase in values of magnetic parameter and porosity parameter. The temperature profile is increasing, when the value of a thermophoretic parameter and Brownian motion parameter increases. A higher activation energy displays a stronger concentration profile. The concentration profile decreases for increasing values of the Schmidt number. The concentration profile shows the inverse impact for increasing values of the thermophoretic parameter and Brownian motion parameter. The focus of this study was to examine the heat transfer rate of nanoparticles.
Associations of vitamin D status with colorectal cancer risk and survival
Authors: Zhou Jian , Ge Xianxiu , Fan Xikang , Wang Jiayu , Miao Lin , Hang Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiological evidence suggests that vitamin D has numerous anticancer functions, but the associations between vitamin D status and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and survival remain inconclusive. Based on UK Biobank, we prospectively evaluated the associations of season‐standardized 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with CRC risk among 360 061 participants, and with survival among 2509 CRC cases. We observed an inverse linear relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and CRC risk (P for linearity = .01; HR per 1‐SD increment, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91‐0.99). Compared to the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D, the highest quartile was associated with a 13% (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.98) lower risk of CRC. For CRC survival, compared to those in the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D, cases in the highest quartile had a 20% (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.99) lower risk for overall death. Our findings indicate that higher concentrations of serum 25(OH)D are associated with lower incidence and improved survival of CRC, suggesting a role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Correlates of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in Kenya: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kemper Kathryn E. , McGrath Christine J. , Eckert Linda O. , Kinuthia John , Singa Benson , Langat Agnes , Drake Alison L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death among Kenyan women. It is important to identify how demographics and knowledge of cervical cancer are associated with screening to determine best practices for targeted screening efforts.MethodsWe conducted a sub‐analysis of women who were asked about cervical cancer from a cross‐sectional study of women attending large HIV care and treatment programs across Kenya between June and September 2016.Results1671 of 3007 (56%) women reported ever being screened, 804 (48%) of whom were screened within the last 12 months. Prevalence of screening was highest among women who were older (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] age 35–49 vs. 18–24: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.68–3.05, P < 0.001), employed (APR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24–1.93, P < 0.001), married (APR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59, P = 0.047), had at least secondary education (APR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.19–1.77, P < 0.001), with longer time since HIV diagnosis (APR: 1.09/year average increase, 95% CI: 1.04–1.13, P < 0.001). 36% knew cervical cancer is treatable.ConclusionCharacteristics linked to social or economic capital are correlated with cervical cancer screening. Integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV care and educating patients on the need for annual screening and potential treatment are important strategies for increasing screening uptake.
Three‐dimensional printing of high‐mass loading electrodes for energy storage applications
Authors: Yang Hao , Feng Zhaoxuan , Teng Xiaoling , Guan Lu , Hu Han , Wu Mingbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanostructured materials afford a promising potential for many energy storage applications because of their extraordinary electrochemical properties. However, the remarkable electrochemical energy storage performance could only be harvested at a relatively low mass‐loading via the traditional electrode fabrication process, and the scale of these materials into commercial‐level mass‐loading remains a daunting challenge because the ion diffusion kinetics deteriorates rapidly along with the increased thickness of the electrodes. Very recently, three‐dimensional (3D) printing, a promising additive manufacturing technology, has been considered as an emerging method to address the aforementioned issues where the 3D printed electrodes could possess elaborately regulated architectures and rationally organized porosity. As a result, the outstanding electrochemical performance has been widely observed in energy storage devices made of 3D printed electrodes of high‐mass loading. In this review, we systemically introduce the basic working principles of various 3D printing technologies and their practical applications to manufacture high‐mass loading electrodes for energy storage devices. Challenges and perspectives in 3D printing technologies for the construction of electrodes at the current stage are also outlined, aiming to offer some useful opinions for further development for this prosperous field.image
Fibrinogen reconstitution after therapeutic apheresis: Comparison of double‐filtration plasmapheresis, plasma exchange, and immunoadsorption
Authors: Jouve Thomas , Marlu Raphaël , Naciri Bennani Hamza , Noble Johan , Chevallier Eloi , Motte Lionel , Imerzoukene Farida , Malvezzi Paolo , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibrinogen reconstitution after therapeutic apheresis has been poorly studied. Apheresis modalities, for example, plasma exchange (PE), double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), or selective immunoadsorption (IA), may have different impacts.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated therapeutic apheresis sessions performed at our center across four modalities (PE, DFPP, and IA with or without plasma filtration). Fibrinogen levels were assessed at the beginning and end of each apheresis session, and immediately before the subsequent session. We adjusted measurements on hematocrit values to account for hemoconcentration.ResultsBetween January 10, 2016 and March 2, 2020, we included 90 patients for a total of 754 apheresis sessions (PE: 35; DFPP: 351; IA only: 109; IA + plasma filtration: 259). Each patient received a median of five sessions (1Q 3; 3Q 9); median plasma volume treated was 5.5 L (1Q 4.3 L; 3Q 7.0 L). Within a session, DFPP and PE induced a significantly greater depletion of fibrinogen than both IA modalities, even after adjustment for the treated plasma volume. Median fibrinogen reconstitution was 0.8 (0.4‐1.2) g/L (median time between sessions: 38 hours). In multivariate analysis, fibrinogen reconstitution was significantly associated with intersession time (+0.66 g/L/log‐hour P < .001), apheresis modality (ANOVA; P < .001), initial fibrinogen concentration (+0.15 g/L per gram of fibrinogen; P < .001), and the last fibrinogen concentration from the previous apheresis session (−0.14 g/L per gram of fibrinogen; P < .001). In a model that considered hemoconcentration, the results were unchanged.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that fibrinogen reconstitution was highly variable between patients and apheresis sessions. Apheresis modalities had a significant impact on fibrinogen reconstitution, regardless of hemoconcentration.
γ‐Al2O3/triflic acid as cooperative catalysts for the tandem Michael addition/carbocyclization: An easy access to 2‐substituted pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and 3‐substituted pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones
Authors: Rao Ramana Sreenivasa , Sahani Anita , Ali Sheikh Haider , Pradhan Sumanta , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA tandem Michael addition/carbocyclization of 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethyl maleimide with carbon and sulfur nucleophiles is accomplished via a relay catalysis using γ‐Al2O3/TfOH binary system. The X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of binary system indicates the presence of AlF3, AlO(OH) species. This approach provides an easy access to 2‐aryl or 2‐thio aryl pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines in good yields in a tandem fashion. With suitable ratio of γ‐Al2O3/TfOH binary system, the Michael addition of N/C/S nucleophiles to N‐benzyl maleimide is also achieved. A key to the success of these reactions would be the generation of AlF3, AlO(OH) species from γ‐Al2O3 and TfOH, which might have delineated the disadvantageous background reactions usually displayed by a strong Brønsted acid such as TfOH.