bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical use of bone graft substitutes in orthopedic surgery in Germany—A 10‐years survey from 2008 to 2018 of 1,090,167 surgical interventions
Authors: Rupp Markus , Klute Lisa , Baertl Susanne , Walter Nike , Mannala Gopala‐Krishna , Frank Leona , Pfeifer Christian , Alt Volker , Kerschbaum Maximilian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAim of the study was to evaluate (1) the overall use of bone graft substitutes, autografts and allografts, (2) of different types of bone graft substitutes (calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate ceramics or polymethyl methacrylate) and of different bone grafts (cancellous vs. cortical), and (3) the use of antibiotic‐loading of bone graft substitutes in orthopedic surgery in Germany. Gross data were provided from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany and revealed an overall increase in bone defect reconstruction procedures using bone graft substitutes, autografts and allografts from 86,294 in 2008 to 99,863 cases in 2018 (+15.7%). The relative use of bone graft substitutes for these interventions strongly increased from 11.8% in 2008 (10,163 cases) to 23.9% in 2018 (23,838 cases) with an increase of +134.4%. Furthermore, antibiotic‐loaded bone graft substitutes were implanted more frequently with an overall increase of +194% (2008: n = 2,657; 2018: n = 7,811). The work shows an increasing use of bone graft substitutes and antibiotic‐loaded bone graft substitutes over the last 10 years in Germany.
Data inaccessibility at sub‐county scale limits implementation of manuresheds
Authors: Booth Eric G. , Kucharik Christopher J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe manureshed concept aims to rebalance surplus manure nutrients produced at animal feeding operations (sources) and the demands from nutrient‐deficient croplands (sinks) to reduce negative environmental impacts and utilize nutrients more efficiently. Due to water quality implications, studies focused on this rebalancing have typically created domain boundaries that match a particular watershed. However, a majority of agricultural datasets that are used to inform these analyses—specifically, livestock populations—are only available at the county scale, which generally does not match watershed boundaries. The common method used to address this mismatch is to weight the county statistics based on the proportion of watershed area within the county. However, these straightforward assumptions imply that animal density is uniform across a county, which can be highly problematic, especially in an era of increasing concentration of livestock production on a smaller land area. We present a case study of the Lake Mendota watershed in south‐central Wisconsin using both a typical county‐based downscaled dataset as well as a more spatially explicit dataset of livestock counts from the Census of Agriculture that aggregates a set of zip codes that best matches the watershed boundary. This comparison reveals a substantial difference in estimated livestock numbers and their associated manure production that is due to a concentration of dairy operations within the watershed compared with the rest of the county. We argue that sub‐county scale data need to become more available and integrated into nutrient and water quality management efforts so that manuresheds can be more effectively delineated and implemented.
MicroRNA‐145‐5p targeting of TRIM2 mediates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glaucoma
Authors: Xu Kai , Li Sizhen , Yang Qingsong , Zhou Zixiu , Fu Min , Yang Xiaodong , Hao Kuanxiao , Liu Yating , Ji Heqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is accumulating evidence to suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progressive optic neuropathy including glaucoma. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a hallmark of glaucoma. The present study focused on the effects of miR‐145‐5p on RGC apoptosis in glaucoma.MethodsWe established a glaucoma rat model by intraocular injection of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA). RGCs were isolated from newborn rats and treated with NMDA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect morphological changes in the retinas of rats. The expression of miR‐145‐5p and tripartite motif‐containing 2 (TRIM2) in RGCs was measured by RT‐qPCR. The viability of RGCs was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assays were conducted to assess the apoptosis of RGCs. The interaction between miR‐145‐5p and TRIM2 was investigated using a luciferase reporter assay.ResultsRats injected with NMDA showed a thinner ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) as well as increased expression of miR‐145‐5p. Silencing of miR‐145‐5p significantly increased the GCL and IPL in the glaucoma rat model. Moreover, miR‐145‐5p expression was upregulated in RGCs ex vivo in response to NMDA. Silencing of miR‐145‐5p promoted cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in NMDA‐treated RGCs. Mechanistically, miR‐145‐5p targeted the TRIM2 3′ untranslated region to suppress its expression. TRIM2 was upregulated in NMDA‐treated RGCs and protected RGCs against NMDA‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐145‐5p suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway by downregulating TRIM2 in NMDA‐treated RGCs.ConclusionsSuppression of miR‐145‐5p inhibited the apoptosis of RGCs via TRIM2‐mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in NMDA‐induced glaucoma.
The HIV care cascade in sub‐Saharan Africa: systematic review of published criteria and definitions
Authors: Mugglin Catrina , Kläger Delia , Gueler Aysel , Vanobberghen Fiona , Rice Brian , Egger Matthias ,   International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe HIV care cascade examines the attrition of people living with HIV from diagnosis to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppression of viral replication. We reviewed the literature from sub‐Saharan Africa to assess the definitions used for the different steps in the HIV care cascade.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and CINAHL for articles published from January 2004 to December 2020. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies were included if they reported on at least one step of the UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 cascade or two steps of an extended 7‐step cascade. A step was clearly defined if authors reported definitions for numerator and denominator, including the description of the eligible population and methods of assessment or measurement. The review protocol has been published and registered in Prospero.Results and discussionOverall, 3364 articles were screened, and 82 studies from 19 countries met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were from Southern (38 studies, 34 from South Africa) and East Africa (29 studies). Fifty‐eight studies (71.6%) were longitudinal, with a median follow‐up of three years. The medium number of steps covered out of 7 steps was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2 to 4); the median year of publication was 2015 (IQR 2013 to 2019). The number of different definitions for the numerators ranged from four definitions (for step “People living with HIV”) to 21 (step “Viral suppression”). For the denominators, it ranged from three definitions (“Diagnosed and aware of HIV status”) to 14 (“Viral suppression”). Only 12 studies assessed all three of the 90‐90‐90 steps. Most studies used longitudinal data, but denominator–denominator or denominator–numerator linkages over several steps were rare. Also, cascade data are lacking for many countries. Our review covers the academic literature but did not consider other data, such as government reports on the HIV care cascade. Also, it did not examine disengagement and reengagement in care.ConclusionsThe proportions of patients retained at each step of the HIV care cascade cannot be compared between studies, countries and time periods, nor meta‐analysed, due to the many different definitions used for numerators and denominators. There is a need for standardization of methods and definitions.
Evolution trace of SARS‐CoV‐2 from January 19 to March 12, 2020, in the United States
Authors: Lin Ziying , Qing Hua , Li Rui , Zheng Lei , Yao Huipeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a kind of human betacoronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2 has endangered globally public health. As of January 2021, the virus had resulted in 2,209,195 deaths. By studying the evolution trend and characteristics of 265 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains in the United States from January to March, it is found that the strains can be divided into six clades, USA clade‐1, USA clade‐2, USA clade‐3, USA clade‐4, USA clade‐5, and USA clade‐6, in which US clade‐1 may be the most ancestral clade, USA clade‐2 is an interim clade of USA clade‐1 and USA clade‐3, the other three clades have similar codon usage pattern, while USA clade‐6 is the newest and most adaptable clade. Mismatch analysis and protein alignment showed that the evolution of the clades arises from some special mutations in viral proteins, which may help the strain to invade, replicate, transcribe and so on. Compared with previous research and classifications, we suggest that clade O in GISAID should not be an independent clade and Wuhan‐Hu‐1 (EPI_ISL_402125) should not be an ancestral reference sequence. Our study decoded the evolutionary dynamic of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the early stage from the United States, which give some clues to infer the current evolution trend of SARS‐CoV‐2 and study the function of viral mutational protein.
Visualization of early oligomeric α‐synuclein pathology and its impact on the dopaminergic system in the (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P]α‐syn transgenic mouse model
Authors: Behere Anish , Thörnqvist Per‐Ove , Winberg Svante , Ingelsson Martin , Bergström Joakim , Ekmark‐Lewén Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAggregation of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a pathological hallmark in the Parkinson´s disease (PD) brain. The formation of α‐syn oligomers is believed to be an early pathogenic event and the A30P mutation in the gene encoding α‐syn, causing familial PD, has been shown to cause an accelerated oligomerization. Due to the problem of preserving antigen conformation on tissue surfaces, α‐syn oligomers are difficult to detect ex vivo using conventional immunohistochemistry with oligomer‐selective antibodies. Herein, we have instead employed the previously reported α‐syn oligomer proximity ligation assay (ASO‐PLA), along with a wide variety of biochemical assays, to discern the pathological progression of α‐syn oligomers and their impact on the dopaminergic system in male and female (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P]α‐syn transgenic (A30P‐tg) mice. Our results reveal a previously undetected abundance of α‐syn oligomers in midbrain of young mice, whereas phosphorylated (pS129) and proteinase k‐resistant α‐syn species were observed to a larger extent in aged mice. Although we did not detect loss of dopaminergic neurons in A30P‐tg mice, a dysregulation in the monoaminergic system was recorded in older mice. Taken together, ASO‐PLA should be a useful method for the detection of early changes in α‐syn aggregation on brain tissue, from experimental mouse models in addition to post mortem PD cases.
Characterization of American teduglutide consumers from 2015 to 2020: A large database study
Authors: Loutfy Adam , Kurin Michael , Shah Raj , Davitkov Perica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTeduglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog, is a novel therapy for intestinal failure that reduces need for parenteral support, especially in patients without a functional terminal ileum or colon. It can also predispose patients to accelerated progression of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and fluid overload. We demographically and clinically characterized American patients prescribed teduglutide.MethodsThe Explorys database is an aggregate of deidentified patient data from dozens of US healthcare systems. We used SNOMED classification to identify patients prescribed teduglutide from 2015 to 2019. Through the browse cohort feature we determined the demographics, postsurgical anatomy, comorbidities, and indication for teduglutide use among these patients.ResultsOf approximately 72 million patients, 170 were prescribed teduglutide. A large majority were female (70.6%). Most common etiologies of short‐bowel syndrome were intestinal obstruction (52.9%) and Crohn's disease (41.2%). Common postsurgical anatomy included total colectomy (41.2%) and ileostomy. Common incident symptoms included abdominal pain (41.2%) and nausea (23.5%). Thirty (17.6%) patients were prescribed teduglutide despite comorbid heart failure, and 5.9% despite prior GI malignancy. A total of 11.8% of patients had a history of benign GI neoplasms before starting teduglutide. A total of 5.9% of patients had posttreatment formation of colon polyps.ConclusionIn a large American database, the teduglutide prescription is rare. Only a minority have postsurgical anatomy associated with the most robust response to teduglutide. Serious adverse events appear rare, but a substantial number of patients are at risk for adverse effects because of the presence of comorbid heart failure or GI neoplasm.
Genome‐wide DNA (hydroxy) methylation reveals the individual epigenetic landscape importance on osteogenic phenotype acquisition in periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Ferreira Rogério S. , Assis Rahyza I. F. , Feltran Geórgia da S. , do Rosário Palma Iasmin Caroline , Françoso Beatriz G. , Zambuzzi Willian F. , Andia Denise C. , da Silva Rodrigo A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal cells’ biology has been an important investigative tool to maximize bone regeneration through tissue engineering. Here we used mesenchymal cells from periodontal ligament (PDLCs) with high (h‐) and low (l‐) osteogenic potential, isolated from different donors, to investigate the impact of the individual epigenetic and transcriptional profiles on the osteogenic potential.MethodsGenome‐wide and gene‐specific DNA (hydroxy) methylation, mRNA expression and immunofluorescence analysis were carried out in h‐ and l‐PDLCs at DMEM (non‐induced to osteogenesis) and OM (induced—3rd and 10th days of osteogenic differentiation) groups in vitro.ResultsGenome‐wide results showed distinct epigenetic profile among PDLCs with most of the differences on 10th day of OM; DMEMs showed higher concentrations (xOM) of differentially methylated probes in gene body, intronic and open sea (3rd day), increasing this concentration in TSS200 and island regions, at 10 days. At basal levels, h‐ and l‐PDLCs showed different transcriptional profiles; l‐PDLCs demonstrated higher levels of NANOG/OCT4/SOX2, BAPX1, DNMT3A, TET1/3, and lower levels of RUNX2 transcripts, confirmed by NANOG/OCT4 and RUNX2 immunofluorescence. After osteogenic induction, the distinct transcriptional profile of multipotentiality genes was maintained among PDLCs. In l‐PDLCs, the anti‐correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression in RUNX2 and NANOG indicates methylation could play a role in modulating both transcripts.ConclusionsEpigenetic and transcriptional distinct profiles detected at basal levels among PDLCs were maintained after osteogenic induction. We cannot discard the existence of a complex that represses osteogenesis, suggesting the individual donors’ characteristics have significant impact on the osteogenic phenotype acquisition.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Psychotherapy Participation Among Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Enrolled in Treatment Research
Authors: McLean Carmen P. , Back Sudie E. , Capone Christy , Morland Leslie , Norman Sonya B. , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Schnurr Paula P. , Teng Ellen , Acierno Ron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of daily life and required a rapid and unprecedented shift in psychotherapy delivery from in‐person to telemental health. In the present study, we explored the impact of the pandemic on individuals’ ability to participate in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychotherapy and the association between the impact of COVID‐19 impact on health and financial well‐being and psychotherapy participation. Participants (N = 161, 63.2% male, Mage = 42.7 years) were United States military veterans (n = 108), active duty military personnel (n = 12), and civilians (n = 6), who were participating in one of nine PTSD treatment trials. The results indicate a predominately negative COVID‐19 impact on therapy participation, although some participants (26.1%) found attending therapy sessions through telehealth to be easier than in‐person therapy. Most participants (66.7%) reported that completing in vivo exposure homework became harder during the pandemic. Moreover, the impact of the pandemic on PTSD symptom severity and daily stress were each associated with increased difficulty with aspects of therapy participation. The findings highlight the unique challenges to engaging in PTSD treatment during the pandemic as well as a negative impact on daily stress and PTSD severity, both of which were related to treatment engagement difficulties.
Surgical Treatment Strategies for Laryngeal Chondrosarcomas: A Single Institution Investigation
Authors: Zeitels Steven M. , Baird Brandon J. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal chondrosarcomas are rare malignancies with a spectrum of presentations due to varying size, local extension, and biological behavior. Moreover, these neoplasms have differing effects on respiration, phonation, and deglutition. Consequently, it is valuable to assess endoscopic and transcervical treatment strategies.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective review was done from 2001 to 2020; 25 patients were identified with laryngeal chondrosarcomas. Their tumor pathology and treatment were analyzed.ResultsAll 25 chondrosarcomas were in the posterior cricoid and arose in proximity to at least one cricoarytenoid joint: 23 of 25 grade I–II (low‐mid), one of 25 grade II–III (mid‐high), and one of 25 grade III (high). Some tumor was left in 23 of 25 to preserve cricoarytenoid‐joint function. There were no known disease‐specific deaths (~8‐year median follow‐up). Final surgical treatment in 24 of 25 was: 13 of 25 transcervical partial laryngectomy, 7 of 25 transoral‐endoscopic removal, 4 of 25 total laryngectomy, and 1 of 25 observation.ConclusionsIn this series, unresected intercurrent disease with laryngeal chondrosarcomas was not life‐threatening. Therefore, disease was typically left in the posterior cricoid region to preserve mobility of at least one cricoarytenoid joint. This philosophy employed an ultra‐function‐sparing conservation approach that preserved and/or restored optimal voice, airway patency and swallowing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:169–176, 2022
Evaluating the capability of a UAV‐borne spectrometer for soil organic carbon mapping in bare croplands
Authors: Zhang He , Shi Pu , Crucil Giacomo , van Wesemael Bas , Limbourg Quentin , Van Oost Kristof 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution, field‐scale soil organic carbon (SOC) mapping in croplands is crucial for effective and precise agricultural management. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combined with miniaturized visible–near infrared spectrometers have enabled the rapid and low‐cost field‐scale SOC mapping. However, a field‐specific spectrotransfer model is often needed for such UAV‐based hyperspectral measurements, implying local sampling and model development are still required, and this hampers the widespread application of UAV‐based methods. In this study, we aim to test to what extent SOC prediction models derived from an existing regional soil spectral library (SSL) can be applied to UAV‐based hyperspectral data, without the need for additional field sampling. To this end, an UAV survey was conducted over a bare cropland within the Belgian Loam Belt for field‐scale SOC mapping. We evaluated two calibration approaches, one based on local sampling and model development, and one where we capitalized on an existing (laboratory‐based) regional SSL. For the local calibration approach, we obtained a good prediction performance with RMSE of 0.57 g kg−1 and RPIQ of 2.35. For the regional model, a spectral alignment procedure was needed to resolve the discrepancy between UAV‐ and laboratory‐based measurements. This resulted in a fair SOC prediction accuracy with RMSE of 0.93 g kg−1 and RPIQ of 1.45. The comparison of SOC maps derived from the two approaches, along with an external validation showed a high consistency, indicating that UAV‐based spectral measurements, in combination with SSLs have the potential to improve the efficiency of high‐resolution SOC mapping.
Postoperative antibiotic use in patients with unilateral purulent chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gordon Alex , Benedict Peter , Marcus Sonya , Kingery Matthew , Lebowitz Richard A. , Lieberman Seth M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe our experience with the use of postoperative antibiotics in the management of unilateral chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with active infection at the time of surgery, and to evaluate the need for routine postoperative antibiotic administration in this population.MethodsThis retrospective chart review analyzed the medical records of all patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for unilateral purulent CRS between November 2013 and September 2019 at a tertiary care center and who were not prescribed routine postoperative antibiotics. Duration of time until normalization of sinus cavities and whether antibiotics were ultimately prescribed for persistent infectious signs and symptoms were recorded. Patient characteristics and findings were analyzed to determine if any of the evaluated parameters were associated with the need for postoperative antibiotics.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were included in the study. Thirty‐three (47.8%) did not require antibiotics during the postoperative period. The average time to sinus normalization was 8.1 weeks (range 1‐24 weeks) for patients who received antibiotics and 5.7 weeks (range 1‐16 weeks) for those who did not receive antibiotics (P = .066). No evaluated variables were associated with antibiotic use on univariate or multivariate analysis.ConclusionPostoperative antibiotics were not necessary to normalize infected sinus cavities for nearly half of patients with unilateral purulent CRS in this series. Further studies are needed to better delineate which patients would derive benefit from postoperative antibiotics.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.