bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Modeling of Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) Magnetic Memory for Computing Applications
Authors: Carboni Roberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the ubiquitous diffusion of mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT), the amount of data exchanged and processed over the internet is increasing every day, demanding secure data communication/storage and new computing primitives. Although computing systems based on microelectronics steadily improved over the past 50 years thanks to the aggressive technological scaling, their improvement is now hindered by excessive power consumption and inherent performance limitation associated to the conventional computer architecture (von Neumann bottleneck). In this scenario, emerging memory technologies are gaining interest thanks to their non-volatility and low power/fast operation. In this chapter, experimental characterization and modeling of spin-transfer torque magnetic memory (STT-MRAM) are presented, with particular focus on cycling endurance and switching variability, which both present a challenge towards STT-based memory applications. Then, the switching variability in STT-MRAM is exploited for hardware security and computing primitives, such as true-random number generator (TRNG) and stochastic spiking neuron for neuromorphic and stochastic computing.
Development of a 3” LaBr3 SiPM-Based Detection Module for High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging
Authors: Montagnani Giovanni Ludovico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGamma radiation detection finds many applications in different fields, including astrophysics, nuclear physics and medical diagnostics. Nowadays large Lanthanum Bromide crystals coupled to Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) represent the state of the art for gamma detection modules, in particular for spectroscopic measurements. Nevertheless, there is an interest in substituting photomultiplier tubes with solid state photodetectors like Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs), owing to the latter’s significant advantages. These include insensitivity to magnetic fields, low bias voltage, compactness, fast response and mechanical robustness. The aim of this thesis work, which was carried out within the context of the GAMMA project supported by IstitutoNazionale di FisicaNucleare (INFN), is the design, development and experimental characterization of a -ray spectrometer based on large Lanthanum Bromide scintillator crystals coupled with Silicon Photomultipliers. This detector specifications are compliant with nuclear physics experiments with energies ranging from 100 keV to 20 MeV, characterized by state-of-the-art energy resolution and imaging capability, in a compact, modular and robust structure. In order to perform the readout of large scintillator crystals, a matrix of 144 Silicon Photomultipliers was designed using NUV-HD SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). These were chosen due to their high Photon Detection Efficiency in correspondence with the peak emission wavelength of the crystal, the high cell density and low Dark Count Rate.
Track Fitting
Authors: Frühwirth Rudolf , Strandlie Are 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrack fitting is an application of established statistical estimation procedures with well-known properties. For a long time, estimators based on the least-squares principle were—with some notable exceptions—the principal methods for track fitting. More recently, robust and adaptive methods have found their way into the reconstruction programs. The first section of the chapter presents least-squares regression, the extended Kalman filter, regression with breakpoints, general broken lines and the triplet fit. The following section discusses robust regression by the M-estimator, the deterministic annealing filter, and the Gaussian-sum filter for electron reconstruction. The next section deals with linearized fits of space points to circles and helices. The chapter concludes with a section on track quality and shows how to test the track hypothesis, how to detect outliers, and how to find kinks in a track.
The chiral algebra of genus two class $$ \mathcal{S} $$ theory
Authors: Kiyoshige Kazuki , Nishinaka Takahiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct the chiral algebra associated with the A1-type class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
theory for the genus two Riemann surface without punctures. By solving the BRST cohomology problem corresponding to a marginal gauging in four dimensions, we find a set of chiral algebra generators that form closed OPEs. Given the fact that they reproduce the spectrum of chiral algebra operators up to large dimensions, we conjecture that they are the complete set of generators. Remarkably, their OPEs are invariant under an action of SU(2) which is not associated with any conserved one-form current in four dimensions. We find that this novel SU(2) strongly constrains the OPEs of non-scalar Schur operators. For completeness, we also check the equivalence of Schur indices computed in two S-dual descriptions with a non-vanishing flavor fugacity turned on.
Long-lived light neutralinos at Belle II
Authors: Dey Sourav , Dib Claudio O. , Helo Juan Carlos , Nayak Minakshi , Neill Nicolás A. , Soffer Abner , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider light neutralinos of mass about 1 GeV, produced from τ lepton rare decays at Belle II, in the context of R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry. With large and clean samples of τ leptons produced at the Belle II experiment, excellent sensitivity to such light neutralinos with the exotic signatures of displaced vertices is expected. We focus on two benchmark scenarios of single RPV operators, $$ {\lambda}_{311}^{\prime }{L}_3{Q}_1{\overline{D}}_1 $$

λ
311
′

L
3

Q
1

D
¯

1

and $$ {\lambda}_{312}^{\prime }{L}_3{Q}_1{\overline{D}}_2 $$

λ
312
′

L
3

Q
1

D
¯

2

, which induce both the production and decay of the lightest neutralino. For the reconstruction of a displaced vertex, we require at least two charged pions in the final states. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations for both signal and background events, and find that Belle II can explore regions in the parameter space competitive with other probes. In particular, for the $$ {\lambda}_{311}^{\prime } $$

λ
311
′

scenario, it can put limits up to two orders of magnitude stronger than the current bounds.
Gravitational dyonic amplitude at one-loop and its inconsistency with the classical impulse
Authors: Kim Jung-Wook , Shim Myungbo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The recent proposal [1, 2] of implementing electric-magnetic duality rotation at the level of perturbative scattering amplitudes and its generalisation to gravitational context where usual gravitational mass is rotated to the NUT parameter of the Taub-NUT spacetime opens up an interesting avenue for studying NUT-charged objects as dynamical entities, in contrast to the usual approach where NUT-charged objects are considered as a static background. We extend the tree-order analysis to one-loop order, and find a disagreement between geodesic motion on Taub-NUT background and impulse computation of scattering amplitudes. As a by-product of our analysis, we find a relation between tidal response parameters and resonance excitation parameters in the language of quantum field theory scattering amplitudes.
The Bi-Laplacian with Wentzell Boundary Conditions on Lipschitz Domains
Authors: Denk Robert , Kunze Markus , Ploß David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the Bi-Laplacian with Wentzell boundary conditions in a bounded domain$$\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^d$$Ω⊆Rdwith Lipschitz boundary$$\Gamma $$Γ. More precisely, using form methods, we show that the associated operator on the ground space$$L^2(\Omega )\times L^2(\Gamma )$$L2(Ω)×L2(Γ)has compact resolvent and generates a holomorphic and strongly continuous real semigroup of self-adjoint operators. Furthermore, we give a full characterization of the domain in terms of Sobolev spaces, also proving Hölder regularity of solutions, allowing classical interpretation of the boundary condition. Finally, we investigate spectrum and asymptotic behavior of the semigroup, as well as eventual positivity.
Effekt eines mobilen Raumluftfilters auf die Aerosolbelastung in chirurgischen Untersuchungsräumen vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Oberst Michael , Heinrich Andreas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund des Übertragungsweges von SARS-CoV-2-Viren durch kontaminierte Luftschwebeteilchen (Aerosole) wurde in einem chirurgischen Untersuchungsraum ohne Lüftungsmöglichkeit die Belastung an Luftschwebeteilchen mit bzw. ohne Verwendung eines Luftfiltergerätes gemessen. Hierbei zeigte sich bei Verwendung des Filtergerätes eine deutliche Reduktion der entsprechenden Luftpartikel. In Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsräumen, die baubedingt keine Lüftungsmöglichkeiten bieten, sollten mobile Luftfiltergeräte daher zum Einsatz kommen.
Analysis of diversity-dependent species evolution using concepts in population genetics
Authors: Kaj Ingemar , Glémin Sylvain , Tahir Daniah , Lascoux Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we consider a two-type species model with trait-dependent speciation, extinction and transition rates under an evolutionary time scale. The scaling approach and the diffusion approximation techniques which are widely used in mathematical population genetics provide modeling tools and conceptual background to assist in the study of species dynamics, and help exploring the analogy between trait-dependent species diversification and the evolution of allele frequencies in the population genetics setting. The analytical framework specified is then applied to models incorporating diversity-dependence, in order to infer effective results from processes in which the net diversification of species depends on the total number of species. In particular, the long term fate of a rare trait may be analyzed under a partly symmetric scenario, using a time-change transform technique.
Contribution of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease to different domains of caregiver burden
Authors: Chahine L. M. , Feldman R. , Althouse A. , Torsney B. , Alzyoud L. , Mantri S. , Edison B. , Albert S. , Daeschler M. , Kopil C. , Marras C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Caregiver burden is high among caregivers of PD patients (CPD). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are leading contributors to CPD burden, but whether different symptoms differentially impact domains of caregiver burden is not known. Our objective was to examine which neuropsychiatric symptoms and demographic factors contribute to different domains of caregiver burden in PD.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional online survey study. Participants were recruited from the Fox Insight (FI) study and were eligible if they identified themselves as a CPD. The primary outcome was the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) total score and its 5 sub-domain scores. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) assessed caregiver-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms in the care recipient. Multivariable linear regression models were used to characterize the associations between NPI-Q symptom severity scores and CBI scores. Covariates were caregiver age, sex, education, and caregiving duration.

Results
The sample consisted of 450 CPD, mean age 65.87 (SD 10.39) years, 74% females. After adjusting for covariates, CBI total score was predicted by NPI-Q total score (β = 1.96, p < 0.001); model adjusted R2 = 39.2%. Anxiety severity had the largest effect size [standardized β (sβ) = 0.224] on the time-dependency domain, which was also associated with female sex (sβ = − 0.133) and age (sβ = 0.088). Severity of disinhibition (sβ = 0.218), agitation (sβ = 0.199), and female sex (sβ = 0.104) were associated with greater emotional burden.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that demographic characteristics and specific neuropsychiatric symptoms contribute differentially to domains of caregiver burden. Tailored interventions to support CPD are needed.
Strategies for residual stress adjustment in bulk metal forming
Authors: Franceschi A. , Stahl J. , Kock C. , Selbmann R. , Ortmann-Ishkina S. , Jobst A. , Merklein M. , Kuhfuß B. , Bergmann M. , Behrens B.-A. , Volk W. , Groche P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe family of bulk forming technologies comprises processes characterised by a complex three-dimensional stress and strain state. Besides shape and material properties, also residual stresses are modified during a bulk metal forming process. The state of residual stresses affects important properties, like fatigue behaviour and corrosion resistance. An adjustment of the residual stresses is possible through subsequent process steps such as heat treatments or mechanical surface modification technologies, like shot peening and deep rolling. However, these additional manufacturing steps involve supplementary costs, longer manufacturing times and harmful effects on the product quality. Therefore, an optimized strategy consists in a targeted introduction of residual stresses during the forming processes. To enable this approach, a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of residual stress generation in dependence of the forming parameters is necessary. The current state of the art is reviewed in this paper. Strategies for the manipulation of the residual stresses in different bulk forming processes are classified according to the underlying principles of process modification.
The influence of brain metastases on the central nervous system effects of methylnaltrexone: a post hoc analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind studies
Authors: Brenner Darren M. , Slatkin Neal E. , Stambler Nancy , Israel Robert J. , Coluzzi Paul H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists such as methylnaltrexone (MNTX, Relistor®) are indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The structural properties unique to MNTX restrict it from traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however, the BBB may become more permeable in patients with brain metastases. We investigated whether the presence of brain metastases in cancer patients compromises the central effects of opioids among patients receiving MNTX for OIC.

Methods
This post hoc analysis of pooled data from 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trials included cancer patients with OIC who received MNTX or placebo. Endpoints included changes from baseline in pain scores, rescue-free laxation (RFL) within 4 or 24 h of the first dose, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including those potentially related to opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Results
Among 356 cancer patients in the pooled population, 47 (MNTX n = 27; placebo n = 20) had brain metastases and 309 (MNTX n = 172; placebo n = 137) did not have brain metastases. No significant differences in current pain, worst pain, or change in pain scores from baseline were observed between patients treated with MNTX or placebo. Among patients with brain metastases, a significantly greater proportion of patients who received MNTX versus placebo achieved an RFL within 4 h after the first dose (70.4% vs 15.0%, respectively, p = 0.0002). TEAEs were similar between treatment groups and were generally gastrointestinal in nature and not related to opioid withdrawal.

Conclusion
Focal disruptions of the BBB caused by brain metastases did not appear to alter central nervous system penetrance of MNTX.
Applying MDD in the content management system domain
Authors: Priefer Dennis , Rost Wolf , Strüber Daniel , Taentzer Gabriele , Kneisel Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContent management systems (CMSs) such as Joomla and WordPress dominate today’s web. Enabled by standardized extensions, administrators can build powerful web applications for diverse customer demands. However, developing CMS extensions requires sophisticated technical knowledge, and the complex code structure of an extension gives rise to errors during typical development and migration scenarios. Model-driven development (MDD) seems to be a promising paradigm to address these challenges; however, it has not found adoption in the CMS domain yet. Systematic evidence of the benefit of applying MDD in this domain could facilitate its adoption; however, an empirical investigation of this benefit is currently lacking. In this paper, we present a mixed-method empirical investigation of applying MDD in the CMS domain, based on an interview suite, a controlled experiment, a field experiment, and case studies. During the experiments, we used JooMDD, an MDD infrastructure instantiation for CMS extensions. This infrastructure, which is also presented in this work, consists of a DSL with model editors, code generators, and reverse engineering facilities. We consider three scenarios of developing new (both independent and dependent) CMS extensions and of migrating existing ones to a new major platform version. The experienced developers in our interviews acknowledge the relevance of these scenarios and report on experiences that render them suitable candidates for a successful application of MDD. We found a particularly high relevance of the migration scenario. Our experiments largely confirm the potentials and limits of MDD as identified for other domains. In particular, we found a productivity increase up to factor 11.7 and a quality increase up to factor 2.4 during the development of CMS extensions. Furthermore, our observations highlight the importance of good tooling that seamlessly integrates with already used tool environments and processes.
Side effects of topical atropine 0.05% compared to 0.01% for myopia control in German school children: a pilot study
Authors: Joachimsen Lutz , Farassat Navid , Bleul Tim , Böhringer Daniel , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Reich Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Based on findings of the Asian low-concentration atropine for myopia progression study, a concentration of 0.05% has been proposed as a good compromise between safety and efficacy for myopia control. However, no data on side effects have been published so far in Caucasian children receiving this dose.

Methods
Prior to commencement of bilateral atropine treatment with 0.05% atropine, 19 myopic children aged 5 to 15 years were treated in only one eye at bedtime leaving the other eye as a control. Pupil size, accommodation amplitude and near visual acuity were measured at 10:00 a.m. the next day and compared to the untreated contralateral control eye. The results were then compared to a cohort of 18 children whose treatment with 0.01% atropine commenced in a similar fashion.

Results
Twelve children (63%) reported visual impairment or reading difficulties. Anisocoria was 2.9 ± 1.1 mm. In comparison, 0.01% atropine led to a significantly less anisocoria of 0.8 ± 0.7 mm (p < 0.0001). Accommodation was decreased by − 4.2 ± 3.8 D in 0.05% atropine treated eyes, whereas 0.01% atropine induced hypoaccommodation of − 0.05 ± 2.5 D (p < 0.01). Near visual acuity was not significantly reduced in eyes treated with 0.05% atropine compared to 0.01% atropine (p = 0.26).

Conclusion
Compared to 0.01%, our data indicate stronger more relevant side effects of 0.05% topical atropine in young Caucasian children with progressive myopia as recently reported in Asian children, potentially compromising acceptance and compliance.
Reasoning with Ambiguity
Authors: Wurm Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe treat the problem of reasoning with ambiguous propositions. Even though ambiguity is obviously problematic for reasoning, it is no less obvious that ambiguous propositions entail other propositions (both ambiguous and unambiguous), and are entailed by other propositions. This article gives a formal analysis of the underlying mechanisms, both from an algebraic and a logical point of view. The main result can be summarized as follows: sound (and complete) reasoning with ambiguity requires a distinction between equivalence on the one and congruence on the other side: the fact that$$\alpha $$αentails$$\beta $$βdoesnotimply$$\beta $$βcan be substituted for$$\alpha $$αin all contexts preserving truth. Without this distinction, we will always run into paradoxical results. We present the (cut-free) sequent calculus$$\mathsf {AL}^{\textit{cf}}$$ALcf, which we conjecture implements sound and complete propositional reasoning with ambiguity, and provide it with a language-theoretic semantics, where letters represent unambiguous meanings and concatenation represents ambiguity.
Fundamental material property trends in the La0.8-xNdxCa0.2FeO3-δ series: crystal structure and thermal expansion
Authors: Berger Christian , Bucher Edith , Lammer Judith , Nader Christina , Sitte Werner 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompounds from the series La0.8-xNdxCa0.2FeO3-δ (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) were synthesised by a sol–gel route. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis showed that materials with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 crystallize as single-phase orthorhombic perovskites. The smaller ionic radius of Nd3+ compared to La3+ leads to a decrease in unit cell volume with increasing x. Elemental mapping by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms the homogeneous distribution of the A-site elements (La, Nd and Ca) in the perovskite (ABO3) lattice. The thermal expansion behaviour of La0.8-xNdxCa0.2FeO3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) was characterized by dilatometry at 30 ≤ T/°C ≤ 1000 and 1 × 10–3 ≤ pO2/bar ≤ 1. The thermal expansion coefficients of La0.8-xNdxCa0.2FeO3-δ, which were determined in regions I (40–530 °C) and II (530–990 °C), respectively, are almost independent of the Nd concentration in the range of (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) and increase slightly with decreasing pO2. The transition from orthorhombic to trigonal modification, which is observed for La0.8Ca0.2FeO3-δ at approx. 740 °C, is suppressed for all Nd-substituted compounds with x ≥ 0.1.
Ways of Seeing Christ the Judge: The Iconography of Christ III and its Visual Context
Authors: Jones Natalie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the iconographic programme of the Last Judgement scene depicted inChrist III. A notable feature of the poem’s detailed visual programme is the way in which it provides the audience with a single, panoramic vision that encompasses the divergent perspectives of the blessed and the damned. It is on account of this dual perspective that the poem, through its precise use of language and imagery, presents the audience with a bifocal vision of Christ as King of Kings and Judge of the World, in keeping with the words of Revelation 19:16. A detailed analysis of the poem’s imagery, however, suggests that its portrait of Christ as Judge is not only informed by scripture and exegetical sources, but is also indebted to contemporary visual imagery, particularly the depiction of Christ asMajestas Domini, or Christ in Majesty. As a result, and by approaching the poem’s imagery from an iconological perspective, it is argued that the poet ofChrist IIIhad a detailed knowledge of contemporary Christological motifs. Furthermore, a careful analysis of the language used to describe the Judgement scene, and particularly the depiction of Christ as Judge, suggests that the poet intentionally seeks to evoke a range of specific visual images in the mind of his audience in order to amplify the poem’s instructive and penitential aims.