bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device for Assessing Knee Joint Dynamics During Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jogi Sandeep P. , Thaha Rafeek , Rajan Sriram , Mahajan Vidur , Venugopal Vasantha K. , Mehndiratta Amit , Singh Anup 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundKnee assessment with and without load using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information on knee joint dynamics and improve the diagnosis of knee joint diseases. Performing such studies on a routine MRI‐scanner require a load‐exerting device during scanning. There is a need for more studies on developing loading devices and evaluating their clinical potential.PurposeDesign and develop a portable and easy‐to‐use axial loading device to evaluate the knee joint dynamics during the MRI study.Study TypeProspective study.SubjectsNine healthy subjects.Field Strength/SequenceA 0.25 T standing‐open MRI and 3.0 T MRI. PD‐T2‐weighted FSE, 3D‐fast‐spoiled‐gradient‐echo, FS‐PD, and CartiGram sequences.AssessmentDesign and development of loading device, calibration of loads, MR safety assessment (using projectile angular displacement, torque, and temperature tests). Scoring system for ease of doing. Qualitative (by radiologist) and quantitative (using structural similarity index measure [SSIM]) image‐artifact assessment. Evaluation of repeatability, comparison with various standing stances load, and loading effect on knee MR parameters (tibiofemoral bone gap [TFBG], femoral cartilage thickness [FCT], tibial cartilage thickness [TCT], femoral cartilage T2‐value [FCT2], and tibia cartilage T2‐value [TCT2]). The relative percentage change (RPC) in parameters due to the device load was computed.Statistical TestPearson's correlation coefficient (r).ResultsThe developed device is conditional‐MR safe (details in the manuscript and supplementary materials), 15 × 15 × 45 cm3 dimension, and <3 kg. The ease of using the device was 4.9/5. The device introduced no visible image artifacts, and SSIM of 0.9889 ± 0.0153 was observed. The TFBG intraobserver variability (absolute difference) was <0.1 mm. Interobserver variability of all regions of interest was <0.1 mm. The load exerted by the device was close to the load during standing on both legs in 0.25 T scanner with r > 0.9. Loading resulted in RPC of 1.5%–11.0%, 7.9%–8.5%, and −1.5% to 13.0% in the TFBG, FCT, and TCT, respectively. FCT2 and TCT2 were reduced in range of 1.5–2.7 msec and 0.5–2.3 msec due to load.Data ConclusionThe proposed device is conditionally MR safe, low cost (material cost < INR 6000), portable, and effective in loading the knee joint with up to 50% of body weight.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia: A review
Authors: Abedin Zainul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia (WQRST) on the electrocardiogram remains a challenging exercise. Correct diagnosis is important for prescribing appropriate therapy and determining prognosis. Differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia revolves around differentiation between supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction and ventricular tachycardia. Observations such as clinical history, findings of physical examination during tachycardia, AV dissociation, QRS morphology in lead V1 and lead V6, precordial concordance, RS complexes in precordial leads, contralateral bundle branch block during wide QRS tachycardia, R wave morphologies in lead aVR, and ventricular initial/terminal velocity of conduction ratio can help arrive at the correct diagnosis with reasonable accuracy. The observations described here can help arrive at the correct diagnosis of WQRST with both reasonable accuracy and confidence.
Probabilistic rainfall generator for tropical cyclones affecting Louisiana
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Zhang Wei , Miller Paul , Johnson David R. , Grimley Lauren E. , Roberts Hugh J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of a probabilistic rainfall generator for tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Louisiana. We consider 12 storms making landfall along the Louisiana coast during 2002–2017 and generate ensembles of high‐resolution (~5 km and 20 min) TC‐rainfall fields for each storm. We develop a data‐driven multiplicative model, relating observed rainfall to the rainfall obtained from a parametric TC rainfall model (Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force Rainfall Analysis [IPET]) through the product of a deterministic and a stochastic component; the former accounts for rain‐dependent biases, while the latter for the stochastic nature of the rainfall processes. As a preliminary step, we describe the overall bias of the IPET model as a function of total TC rainfall within the state and maximum wind speed at landfall. We then estimate the rain‐dependent bias using a cubic spline. Finally, we characterize the random errors in terms of their probability distribution and spatial correlation. We show that the marginal distribution of the logarithm of the random errors can be described by a mixture of four Gaussian distributions, and its spatial correlation is estimated based on the nonparametric Kendall's τ. We then present a methodology to generate ensembles of random fields with the specified statistical properties. Here, the generation of probabilistic rainfall comes from the statistical modelling of the uncertainties between IPET rainfall and observations. While these results are valid for Louisiana and the IPET model, the methodology can be generalized to other parametric rainfall models and regions, and it represents a viable tool to improve our quantification of the risk associated with TC rainfall.
Targeted transcriptomic analyses of RNA isolated from formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded human menisci
Authors: Monibi Farrah A. , Pannellini Tania , Croen Brett , Otero Miguel , Warren Russell , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFormalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) biospecimens are a valuable and widely‐available resource for diagnostic and research applications. With biobanks of tissue samples available in many institutions, FFPE tissues could prove to be a valuable resource for translational orthopaedic research. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular profiles and degree of histologic degeneration on archival fragments of FFPE human menisci obtained during arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. We used FFPE menisci for multiplexed gene expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter® platform, and for histological assessment using a quantitative scoring system. In total, 17 archival specimens were utilized for integrated histologic and molecular analyses. The median patient age was 22 years (range: 14–62). We found that the genes with the highest normalized counts were those typically expressed in meniscal fibrocartilage. Gene expression differences were identified in patient cohorts based on age (≤40 years), including genes associated with the extracellular matrix and tissue repair. The majority of samples showed mild to moderate histologic degeneration. Based on these data, we conclude that FFPE human menisci can be effectively utilized for molecular evaluation following a storage time as long as 11 years. Statement of Clinical Significance: The integration of histological and transcriptomic analyses described in this study will be useful for future studies investigating the basis for biological classification of meniscus specimens in patients. Further exploration into the genes and pathways uncovered by this study may suggest targets for biomarker discovery and identify patients at greater risk for osteoarthritis once the meniscus is torn.
Delayed detection of passive motion in shoulders with a rotator cuff tear
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Shitara Hitoshi , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Hasegawa Makoto , Yamaji Takehiko , Tazawa Masayuki , Chikuda Hirotaka , Wada Naoki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test whether or not the threshold to the detection of passive motion (TTDPM) and passive joint position sense on the affected shoulder of patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT) was impaired compared to those on the unaffected side and to investigate the relationship between the tear size and changes in the TTDPM and passive joint position sense induced by RCT. This study included 21 patients with unilateral RCT before arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. To investigate proprioception in this study, we measured the TTDPM and passive joint position sense in abduction and external rotation using an isokinetic dynamometer. The tear size was evaluated intraoperatively under direct arthroscopic visualization. The TTDPM in abduction and external rotation was significantly longer on the affected side than on the unaffected side. However, the angular absolute error in passive joint position sense in abduction and external rotation was not significantly different between the limbs. A comparison according to the tear size impaired proprioception of the TTDPM in the larger tear group showed significantly longer values than in the smaller group. There was impaired proprioception of TTDPM in patients with RCT, and the impaired proprioception was related to tear severity. Impaired proprioception of TTDPM may inhibit consistent muscle recruitment to achieve precise control. Our results suggest that clinicians should consider proprioceptive exercises for impaired proprioception in their treatment for conservative or postoperative patients.
Effects of global postural reeducation on postural control, dynamic balance, and ankle range of motion in patients with hallux abducto valgus. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Estepa‐Gallego Alejandro , Ibañez‐Vera Alfonso Javier , Estudillo‐Martínez María Dolores , Castellote‐Caballero Yolanda , Bergamin Marco , Gobbo Stefano , Lérida‐Ortega Miguel Ángel , Cruz‐Díaz David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that has been addressed surgically. Nevertheless, the manual therapy approach may play an important role in the management of this condition. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of global postural reeducation (GPR) in subjects with symptomatic mild to moderate HAV in static postural control, dynamic stability, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM). A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate symptomatic HAV were allocated to the intervention group (GPR) or control group (CG) (no treatment) for 8 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline at 4 and 8 weeks including static postural control (Romberg test), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]), and ankle DFROM (Weight‐Bearing Lunge Test [WBLT]). No improvements were observed at 4 weeks, but there were improvements at 8 weeks in: static postural control mediolateral displacement (X) of center of pressure (CoP) in both eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC): XEO (t(36) = 2.892, p = .006, d = 0.67); XEC (t(68) = 2.280, p = .026, d = 054); and velocity (V) of CoP displacement: VEO (t(68) = 2.380, p = .020, d = 0.57); VEC (t(36) = 2.057, p = .047, d = 0.37). It were also improvements in: WBLT (t(36) = −2.869, p = .007, d = 0.54) and SEBT at three directions (anterior, ANT; posteromedial, PM; and posterolateral, PL): SEBT.ANT (t(36) = −2.292, p = .028, d = 0.23); SEBT.PM (t(36) = −4.075, p < .001, d = 0.43); SEBT.PL (t(62) = −3.506, p = .001, d = 0.34). The present study showed that GPR compared to the CG might be effective in enhancing ankle function including postural control, dynamic balance, and DFROM.
Correlation between CD163 expression and resting pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis: Possible contribution of CD163+ monocytes/macrophages to pain pathogenesis
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihisa , Uchida Kentaro , Fukushima Kensuke , Satoh Masashi , Koyama Tomohisa , Tsuchiya Maho , Saito Hiroki , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExpression of CD163, a scavenger receptor specifically expressed by monocytes and macrophages, is elevated in the synovial tissue of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared with healthy controls. However, the association between CD163 expression in the synovium and pain in OA patients is unclear. We investigated the correlation between synovial CD163 expression and resting and active pain levels in patients with hip osteoarthritis (HOA). To investigate the possible contribution of CD163+ subsets to pain pathogenesis, we compared pain‐related cytokine expression and M1/M2 macrophage marker expression in CD163+ and CD163− cells. We performed flow cytometric analysis to study the CD163+ cell population. We also examined pain‐related cytokine expression and M1/M2 macrophage marker expression on CD163+ CD14high and CD163+ CD14low cells using cell sorting. Synovial CD163 expression significantly correlated with resting pain levels (p = 0.006; R = 0.321), but not active pain levels (p = 0.155; R = 0.169). Expression of the M1 macrophage marker CD80 was significantly higher in CD163+ than CD163− cells (p = 0.010), as was the expression of M2 macrophage markers CD206 and IL10 (CD206, p = 0.014; IL10, p = 0.005), and TNFA and IL1B (TNFA, p = 0.002; IL1B, p = 0.001). TNFA expression was significantly higher in CD163+ CD14low than CD163+ CD14high cells, while IL1B, IL10, and CD206 expression were comparable among these subsets. Our findings suggest that CD163 expression is associated with higher resting pain scores. As TNF‐α plays a role in the pain process, CD163+ CD14low cells expressing TNFA may be a potent contributor to the pathogenesis of resting pain in HOA.
Circular RNA circ_0011385 promotes cervical cancer progression through competitively binding to miR‐149‐5p and up‐regulating SOX4 expression
Authors: Xu An‐Li , Wang Wen‐Shuang , Zhao Man‐Yin , Sun Jia‐Nan , Chen Xiao‐Ran , Hou Jian‐Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), emerging as a new type of non‐coding RNAs, play important roles in cancers. Instead, the functions and mechanisms of circ_0011385 in cervical cancer (CC) are still inconclusive. Microarray data GSE102686 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and were utilized to screen out circRNAs differently expressed in CC tissues. Circ_0011385, miR‐149‐5p, SRY‐box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) mRNA expressions in CC tissues and cells were probed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). CC cell lines with circ_0011385 knockdown were constructed, and he multiplication, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of CC cells were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) method, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. In addition, the targeting relationships between miR‐149‐5p and circ_0011385 or SOX4 mRNA 3′UTR were probed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay. The regulatory function of circ_0011385 and miR‐149‐5p on SOX4 expression was studied with western blot. Expressions of circ_0011385 and SOX4 mRNA were raised in CC tissues and cells, while miR‐149‐5p expression was decreased. Knocking down circ_0011385 restrained the multiplication, migration, and invasion of CC cells and induced the apoptosis. Circ_0011385 directly targeted miR‐149‐5p, and SOX4 was the target of miR‐149‐5p, which could be positively regulated by circ_0011385. Circ_0011385 elevates SOX4 expression by targeting miR‐149‐5p, thus participating in promoting the malignant biological behaviors of CC cells.
How urban growth changes the heat island effect and human thermal sensations over the last 100 years and towards the future in a European city?
Authors: Vitanova Lidia Lazarova , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Doan Quang‐Van , Subasinghe Shyamantha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUrban development exacerbates urban heat island effects of cities and thermal discomfort of the residents worldwide. However, such urban effects vary with the geographical and climatic conditions of the respective cities. This study is the first to quantitatively estimate the impact of past (1878), present (2012), and future (2050) urbanization on surface air temperatures and human thermal comfort in Sofia, the largest city of Bulgaria. We used the state‐of‐the‐art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) climate model, with a 1‐km horizontal resolution for three cases: LU1878, LU2012, and LU2050. We first validated the results of the control simulation (case LU2012) against actual observations. The model satisfactorily reproduced the diurnal variation of the observed monthly mean surface air temperatures for July (2011–2013) with a mean bias of ±0.6°C. We then estimated the potential impacts of past and future urbanization on surface temperature. Our results suggest that because of urbanization of Sofia, the surface air temperature at 0600 Local Standard Time (LST) has increased approximately 4.0°C in the past (1878–2012) and approximately 0.4°C in future (2012–2050). We also evaluated the impact of the urban thermal environment on human comfort levels. Considering the LU2050 case in the central part of Sofia, the temperature–humidity index during mid‐afternoon (1400–1700 LST) is estimated to be 24–26, indicating that approximately 50% of the residents could feel perceptibly uncomfortable.
Physician Communication and Patient Understanding of Molecular Testing Terminology
Authors: Blee Shannon M. , Shah Rachel Pocock , Pinheiro Ana P.M. , Switchenko Jeffrey , Dixon Margie , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Hill Charles E. , Szabo Stephen M. , Pentz Rebecca D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The use of molecular testing in oncology is rapidly expanding. The aim of this study was to determine how oncologists describe molecular testing and whether patients understand the terminology being used.

Materials and Methods
Sixty conversations between oncologists and patients about molecular testing were observed, and the used technical terms were noted by the researcher. Patients were interviewed post-conversation to assess their understanding of the noted technical terms. A patient understanding score was calculated for each participant. Comparisons of the terms were conducted using χ2 tests, Fisher's exact tests, or ANOVA when appropriate.

Results
Sixty-one unique technical terms were used by oncologists, to describe seven topics. “Mutation” was a challenging term for patients to understand with 48.8% (21/43 mentions) of participants correctly defining the term. “Genetic testing” and “Gene” were understood a little more than half the time (53.3%; 8/15 and 56.4%; 22/39 respectively). “DNA” was well understood (80%; 12/15). There was no correlation between the terms being defined by the oncologist in the conversation, and the likelihood of the patient providing a correct definition. White participants were significantly more likely to understand both “mutation” and “genetic testing” than non-White participants. Forty-two percent (n = 25) of participants had an understanding score below 50%, and a higher family income was significantly correlated with a higher score.

Conclusion
Our results show that oncologists use variable terminology to describe molecular testing, which is often not understood. Because oncologists defining the terms did not correlate with understanding, it is imperative to develop new, improved methods to explain molecular testing.

Implications for Practice
The use of molecular testing is expanding in oncology, yet little is known about how effectively clinicians are communicating information about molecular testing and whether patients understand the terminology used. The results of this study indicate that patients do not understand some of the terminology used by their clinicians and that clinicians tend to use highly variable terminology to describe molecular testing. These results highlight the need to develop and implement effective methods to explain molecular testing terminology to patients to ensure that patients have the tools to make autonomous and informed decisions about their treatment.
Enhanced transmembrane transport of reactive oxygen species by electroporation effect of plasma
Authors: Yang Zihao , Liu Dawei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, plasma has been proposed as a new efficient tool for various biological and medical applications. The function of plasma is mainly realized through two aspects: Electric field and reactive species. However, because the interactions between plasma and cells are quite complicated, the synergistic effect of electric field and reactive species has not been studied in depth. In this paper, the synergetic effects of electric field and transportation of reactive species on cells are investigated by a two‐dimensional finite element model. The exposure of cells to plasma results in the sufficiently high transmembrane voltage (1 V) and electroporation. When the electric field of plasma is less than 104 V/cm, the radius of nanopores generated by plasma increases with the electric field. The further increase of electric field to 105 V/cm does not cause a significant increase of nanopore radius, whereas the pore density increases by five times. The increase of discharge frequency significantly decreases the time needed to generate stable nanopores. The nanopores enhance the diffusion of H2O2 generated by plasma through the cell membrane significantly. Compared with the reality that H2O2 does not freely diffuse across cell membranes, the “generation and enhanced transportation” effect will further expand the application range of plasma medicine.
A distinct ssDNA/RNA binding interface in the Nsp9 protein from SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: El‐Kamand Serene , Du Plessis Mar‐Dean , Breen Natasha , Johnson Lexie , Beard Samuel , Kwan Ann H. , Richard Derek J. , Cubeddu Liza , Gamsjaeger Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel, highly infectious RNA virus that belongs to the coronavirus family. Replication of the viral genome is a fundamental step in the virus life cycle and SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐structural protein 9 (Nsp9) is shown to be essential for virus replication through its ability to bind RNA in the closely related SARS‐CoV‐1 strain. Two recent studies revealing the three‐dimensional structure of Nsp9 from SARS‐CoV‐2 have demonstrated a high degree of similarity between Nsp9 proteins within the coronavirus family. However, the binding affinity to RNA is very low which, until now, has prevented the determination of the structural details of this interaction. In this study, we have utilized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in combination with surface biolayer interferometry (BLI) to reveal a distinct binding interface for both ssDNA and RNA that is different to the one proposed in the recently solved SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and transcription complex (RTC) structure. Based on these data, we have proposed a structural model of a Nsp9‐RNA complex, shedding light on the molecular details of these important interactions.