bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field at the Completion of Juno's Prime Mission
Authors: Connerney J. E. P. , Timmins S. , Oliversen R. J. , Espley J. R. , Joergensen J. L. , Kotsiaros S. , Joergensen P. S. , Merayo J. M. G. , Herceg M. , Bloxham J. , Moore K. M. , Mura A. , Moirano A. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during 32 of its first 33 polar orbits. These Prime Mission orbits sample Jupiter's magnetic field nearly uniformly in longitude (∼11° separation) as measured at equator crossing. The planetary magnetic field is represented with a degree 30 spherical harmonic and the external field is approximated near the origin with a simple external spherical harmonic of degree 1. Partial solution of the underdetermined inverse problem using generalized inverse techniques yields a model (“JRM33”) of the planetary magnetic field with spherical harmonic coefficients reasonably well determined through degree and order 13. Useful information regarding the field extends through degree 18, well fit by a Lowes' spectrum with a dynamo core radius of 0.81 Rj, presumably the outer radius of the convective metallic hydrogen region. This new model provides a most detailed view of a planetary dynamo and evidence of advection of the magnetic field by deep zonal winds in the vicinity of the Great Blue Spot (GBS), an isolated and intense patch of flux near Jupiter's equator. Comparison of the JRM33 and JRM09 models suggests secular variation of the field in the vicinity of the GBS during Juno's nearly 5 years of operation in orbit about Jupiter. The observed secular variation is consistent with the penetration of zonal winds to a depth of ∼3,500 km where a flow velocity of ∼0.04 ms−1 is required to match the observations.
Conformational heterogeneity coupled with β-fibril formation of a scaffold protein involved in chronic mental illnesses
Authors: Cukkemane Abhishek , Becker Nina , Zielinski Mara , Frieg Benedikt , Lakomek Nils-Alexander , Heise Henrike , Schröder Gunnar F. , Willbold Dieter , Weiergräber Oliver H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic mental illnesses (CMIs) pose a significant challenge to global health due to their complex and poorly understood etiologies and hence, absence of causal therapies. Research of the past two decades has revealed dysfunction of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein as a predisposing factor involved in several psychiatric disorders. DISC1 is a multifaceted protein that serves myriads of functions in mammalian cells, for instance, influencing neuronal development and synapse maintenance. It serves as a scaffold hub forming complexes with a variety (~300) of partners that constitute its interactome. Herein, using combinations of structural and biophysical tools, we demonstrate that the C-region of the DISC1 protein is highly polymorphic, with important consequences for its physiological role. Results from solid-state NMR spectroscopy and electron microscopy indicate that the protein not only forms symmetric oligomers but also gives rise to fibrils closely resembling those found in certain established amyloid proteinopathies. Furthermore, its aggregation as studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is an exergonic process, involving a negative enthalpy change that drives the formation of oligomeric (presumably tetrameric) species as well as β-fibrils. We have been able to narrow down the β-core region participating in fibrillization to residues 716–761 of full-length human DISC1. This region is absent in the DISC1Δ22aa splice variant, resulting in reduced association with proteins from the dynein motor complex, viz., NDE-like 1 (NDEL1) and lissencephaly 1 (LIS1), which are crucial during mitosis. By employing surface plasmon resonance, we show that the oligomeric DISC1 C-region has an increased affinity and shows cooperativity in binding to LIS1 and NDEL1, in contrast to the noncooperative binding mode exhibited by the monomeric version. Based on the derived structural models, we propose that the association between the binding partners involves two neighboring subunits of DISC1 C-region oligomers. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of the DISC1 C-region as a crucial factor governing the balance between its physiological role as a multifunctional scaffold protein and aggregation-related aberrations with potential significance for disease.
From 'ICDAS' to 'CariesCare International': the 20-year journey building international consensus to take caries evidence into clinical practice
Authors: Pitts Nigel B. , Banerjee Avijit , Mazevet Marco E. , Goffin Guy , Martignon Stefania 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper charts the 20-year collaborative journey made by international teams of dental researchers, educators and practitioners. Following the initial development of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in 2002, the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) was collaboratively developed between 2010-2017 with several dental research and practice organisations, and influenced by best evidence judged via SIGN methodology, the UNEP Minamata Treaty (and linked phasing down of dental amalgam), three Dental Policy Labs and an international movement in operative dentistry to move towards minimally invasive dentistry. The FDI World Dental Federation publicised and advocated the ICCMS in 2019, when the 'CariesCare International' Consensus Guide and 4D caries management system was published to aid the delivery of ICCMS into practice. This system, which is designed to help practitioners deliver optimal caries care for patients, is now being adapted internationally for post-pandemic use in the 'Caries OUT' study. It is also being used as a vehicle for implementing the updated Delivering better oral health guidance on caries, as part of the minimum intervention oral healthcare delivery framework in the UK.
Knockdown of OLR1 weakens glycolytic metabolism to repress colon cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance by downregulating SULT2B1 via c-MYC
Authors: Zhao Tiancheng , Li Yezhou , Shen Kexin , Wang Quan , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChemoresistance is one of the major problems of colon cancer treatment. In tumors, glycolytic metabolism has been identified to promote cell proliferation and chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying glycolytic metabolism and chemoresistance in colon cancer remains enigmatic. Hence, this research was designed to explore the mechanism underlying theOLR1/c-MYC/SULT2B1 axis in the regulation of glycolytic metabolism, to affect colon cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Colon cancer tissues and LoVo cells were attained, whereOLR1, c-MYC, and SULT2B1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis. Next, ectopic expression and knockdown assays were implemented in LoVo cells. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS assay and clone formation. Extracellular acidification, glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP/ADP ratio, and GLUT1 and LDHA expression were measured to evaluate glycolytic metabolism. Then, the transfected cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents to assess drug resistance by MTS experiments and P-gp and SMAD4 expression by RT-qPCR. A nude mouse model of colon cancer transplantation was constructed for in vivo verification. The levels ofOLR1, c-MYC, and SULT2B1 were upregulated in colon cancer tissues and cells. Mechanistically,OLR1increased c-MYC expression to upregulate SULT2B1 in colon cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown ofOLR1, c-MYC, or SULT2B1 weakened glycolytic metabolism, proliferation, and chemoresistance of colon cancer cells. In vivo experiments authenticated thatOLR1knockdown repressed the tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in nude mice by downregulating c-MYC and SULT2B1. Conclusively, knockdown ofOLR1might diminish SULT2B1 expression by downregulating c-MYC, thereby restraining glycolytic metabolism to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance.
RPRD1A stabilizes NRF2 and aggravates HCC progression through competing with p62 for TRIM21 binding
Authors: Feng Xiaofan , Jiang Tianyi , Yang Chun , Pang Shujie , Ding Zhiwen , Hu Heping , Wang Hui , Dong Liwei , Yang Ning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNRF2 is the master transcriptional activator of cytoprotective genes and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a biosensor for electrophiles and oxidation, promotes NRF2 degradation in unstressed conditions. SQSTM1/p62, an oncogenic protein aberrantly accumulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), binds and sequestrates Keap1, leading to the prevention of NRF2 degradation. Here, we show that p15INK4b-related sequence/regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1A (RPRD1A) is highly expressed in HCC tumors and correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. RPRD1A competitively interacts with TRIM21, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of p62, resulting in the decrease of p62 ubiquitination and the increased sequestration for Keap1. Therefore, RPRD1A enhances the nuclear translocation of NRF2, which induces gene expression for counteracting oxidative stress, maintaining cancer cells survival, and promoting HCC development. Moreover, disturbing the redox homeostasis of cancer cells by genetic knockdown of RPRD1A sensitizes cancer cells to platinum-induced cell death. Our study reveals RPRD1A is involved in the oxidative stress defense program and highlights the therapeutic benefits of targeting pathways that support antioxidation.
Positive-to-negative subthreshold swing of a MOSFET tuned by the ferroelectric switching dynamics of BiFeO3
Authors: Liu Chuanchuan , Wang Yuchen , Sun Haoyang , Ma Chao , Luo Zhen , Wang He , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFerroelectricity can reduce the subthreshold swing (SS) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) to below the room-temperature Boltzmann limit of ~60 mV/dec and provides an important strategy to achieve a steeperSS. Surprisingly, by carefully tuning the polarization switching dynamics of BiFeO3ferroelectric capacitors theSSof a commercial power MOSFET can even be tuned to zero or a negative value, i.e., the drain current increases with a constant or decreasing gate voltage. In particular, in addition to the positiveSSof lower than 60 mV/dec, the zero and negativeSScan be established with a drain current spanning for over seven orders of magnitude. These intriguing phenomena are explained by the ferroelectric polarization switching dynamics, which change the charge redistributions and accordingly affect the voltage drops across the ferroelectric capacitor and MOSFET. This study provides deep insights into understanding the steepSSin ferroelectric MOSFETs, which could be promising for designing advanced MOSFETs with an ultralow and tunableSS.
Cubic 3D Chern photonic insulators with orientable large Chern vectors
Authors: Devescovi Chiara , García-Díez Mikel , Robredo Iñigo , Blanco de Paz María , Lasa-Alonso Jon , Bradlyn Barry , Mañes Juan L. , G. Vergniory Maia , García-Etxarri Aitzol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTime Reversal Symmetry (TRS) broken topological phases provide gapless surface states protected by topology, regardless of additional internal symmetries, spin or valley degrees of freedom. Despite the numerous demonstrations of 2D topological phases, few examples of 3D topological systems with TRS breaking exist. In this article, we devise a general strategy to design 3D Chern insulating (3D CI) cubic photonic crystals in a weakly TRS broken environment with orientable and arbitrarily large Chern vectors. The designs display topologically protected chiral and unidirectional surface states with disjoint equifrequency loops. The resulting crystals present the following characteristics: First, by increasing the Chern number, multiple surface states channels can be supported. Second, the Chern vector can be oriented along any direction simply changing the magnetization axis, opening up larger 3D CI/3D CI interfacing possibilities as compared to 2D. Third, by lowering the TRS breaking requirements, the system is ideal for realistic photonic applications where the magnetic response is weak.
A targetable LIFR−NF-κB−LCN2 axis controls liver tumorigenesis and vulnerability to ferroptosis
Authors: Yao Fan , Deng Yalan , Zhao Yang , Mei Ying , Zhang Yilei , Liu Xiaoguang , Martinez Consuelo , Su Xiaohua , Rosato Roberto R. , Teng Hongqi , Hang Qinglei , Yap Shannon , Chen Dahu , Wang Yumeng , Chen Mei-Ju May , Zhang Mutian , Liang Han , Xie Dong , Chen Xin , Zhu Hao , Chang Jenny C. , You M. James , Sun Yutong , Gan Boyi , Ma Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe growing knowledge of ferroptosis has suggested the role and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis in cancer, but has not been translated into effective therapy. Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is highly lethal with limited treatment options. LIFR is frequently downregulated in HCC. Here, by studying hepatocyte-specific and inducible Lifr-knockout mice, we show that loss of Lifr promotes liver tumorigenesis and confers resistance to drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, loss of LIFR activates NF-κB signaling through SHP1, leading to upregulation of the iron-sequestering cytokine LCN2, which depletes iron and renders insensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. Notably, an LCN2-neutralizing antibody enhances the ferroptosis-inducing and anticancer effects of sorafenib on HCC patient-derived xenograft tumors with low LIFR expression and high LCN2 expression. Thus, anti-LCN2 therapy is a promising way to improve liver cancer treatment by targeting ferroptosis.
Investigating immune and non-immune cell interactions in head and neck tumors by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Kürten Cornelius H. L. , Kulkarni Aditi , Cillo Anthony R. , Santos Patricia M. , Roble Anna K. , Onkar Sayali , Reeder Carly , Lang Stephan , Chen Xueer , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Kim Seungwon , Liu Angen , Tabib Tracy , Lafyatis Robert , Feng Jian , Gao Shou-Jiang , Bruno Tullia C. , Vignali Dario A. A. , Lu Xinghua , Bao Riyue , Vujanovic Lazar , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by complex relations between stromal, epithelial, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To enable the development of more efficacious therapies, we aim to study the heterogeneity, signatures of unique cell populations, and cell-cell interactions of non-immune and immune cell populations in 6 human papillomavirus (HPV)+ and 12 HPV– HNSCC patient tumor and matched peripheral blood specimens using single-cell RNA sequencing. Using this dataset of 134,606 cells, we show cell type-specific signatures associated with inflammation and HPV status, describe the negative prognostic value of fibroblasts with elastic differentiation specifically in the HPV+ TME, predict therapeutically targetable checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions, and show that tumor-associated macrophages are dominant contributors of PD-L1 and other immune checkpoint ligands in the TME. We present a comprehensive single-cell view of cell-intrinsic mechanisms and cell-cell communication shaping the HNSCC microenvironment.
Fluoropolymer-based organic memristor with multifunctionality for flexible neural network system
Authors: Kim Min-Hwi , Park Hea-Lim , Kim Min-Hoi , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Kang In Man , Lee Sin-Hyung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose an effective strategy for achieving the flexible one organic transistor–one organic memristor (1T–1R) synapse using the multifunctional organic memristor. The dynamics of the conductive nanofilament (CF) in a hydrophobic fluoropolymer medium is explored and a hydrophobic fluoropolymer-based organic memristor is developed. The flexible 1T–1R synapse can be fabricated using the solution process because the hydrophobic fluorinated polymer layer is produced on the organic transistor without degradation of the underlying semiconductor. The developed flexible synapse exhibits multilevel conductance with high reliability and stability because of the fluoropolymer film, which acts as a medium for CF growth and an encapsulating layer for the organic transistor. Moreover, the synapse cell shows potential for high-density memory systems and practical neural networks. This effective concept for developing practical flexible neural networks would be a basic platform to realize the smart wearable electronics.
Thermally populated versus field-induced triplon bound states in the Shastry-Sutherland lattice SrCu2(BO3)2
Authors: Wulferding Dirk , Choi Youngsu , Lee Seungyeol , Prosnikov Mikhail A. , Gallais Yann , Lemmens Peter , Zhong Chengchao , Kageyama Hiroshi , Choi Kwang-Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Shastry–Sutherland compound SrCu2(BO3)2constituting orthogonally coupled dimers harbors anS = 0 singlet ground state. The confluence of strong interdimer interaction and frustration engenders a spectrum of low-energy excitations including localized triplons as well as singlet and triplet bound states. Their dynamics are controlled by an external magnetic field and temperature. Here, we employ high-field Raman spectroscopy to map the field and temperature evolution of such bosonic composite quasiparticles on approaching the 1/8 magnetization plateau. Our study unveils that the magnetic field and thermal fluctuations show remarkably similar effects in melting the singlet bound states, but are disparate in their effects on the fine spectral shapes. This, together with the anti-crossing of two singlet bound states in the intermediate fieldB = 10 − 16 T, is discussed in terms of the correlated dynamics of frustrated, interacting bosons.
High-performance HgCdTe avalanche photodetector enabled with suppression of band-to-band tunneling effect in mid-wavelength infrared
Authors: Chen Jin , Chen Jian , Li Xin , He Jiale , Yang Liao , Wang Jian , Yu Feilong , Zhao Zengyue , Shen Chuan , Guo Huijun , Li Guanhai , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHgCdTe avalanche photodiodes promise various fascinating applications due to the outstanding capability of detecting weak signals or even single photon. However, the underlying transport mechanisms of diverse dark current components are still unresolved at high reverse bias, thus limiting the development of high-performance devices. Here, we establish an accurate model to demonstrate the competitive mechanism between band-to-band and avalanche dark currents in positive-intrinsic-negative structures. Based on the high consistency between the simulated and measured results, we find that both components jointly dominate overall dark current but with a larger avalanche current. This breaks the conventional cognition that band-to-band dark current contributes the majority. With the guidance, we reconstruct an optimized device and achieve gain 1876 (6153) and dark current 10−10 (10−9) A at bias −10 (−10.5) V, respectively. Comparisons of dark current and gain with reported single-element devices further confirm the outstanding performance of our device.
Neural computations in children’s third-party interventions are modulated by their parents’ moral values
Authors: Kim Minkang , Decety Jean , Wu Ling , Baek Soohyun , Sankey Derek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne means by which humans maintain social cooperation is through intervention in third-party transgressions, a behaviour observable from the early years of development. While it has been argued that pre-school age children’s intervention behaviour is driven by normative understandings, there is scepticism regarding this claim. There is also little consensus regarding the underlying mechanisms and motives that initially drive intervention behaviours in pre-school children. To elucidate the neural computations of moral norm violation associated with young children’s intervention into third-party transgression, forty-seven preschoolers (average age 53.92 months) participated in a study comprising of electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements, a live interaction experiment, and a parent survey about moral values. This study provides data indicating that early implicit evaluations, rather than late deliberative processes, are implicated in a child’s spontaneous intervention into third-party harm. Moreover, our findings suggest that parents’ values about justice influence their children’s early neural responses to third-party harm and their overt costly intervention behaviour.
Air temperature drives the evolution of mid-infrared optical properties of butterfly wings
Authors: Krishna Anirudh , Nie Xiao , Briscoe Adriana D. , Lee Jaeho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study uncovers a correlation between the mid-infrared emissivity of butterfly wings and the average air temperature of their habitats across the world. Butterflies from cooler climates have a lower mid-infrared emissivity, which limits heat losses to surroundings, and butterflies from warmer climates have a higher mid-infrared emissivity, which enhances radiative cooling. The mid-infrared emissivity showed no correlation with other investigated climatic factors. Phylogenetic independent contrasts analysis indicates the microstructures of butterfly wings may have evolved in part to regulate mid-infrared emissivity as an adaptation to climate, rather than as phylogenetic inertia. Our findings offer new insights into the role of microstructures in thermoregulation and suggest both evolutionary and physical constraints to butterflies’ abilities to adapt to climate change.
In-play forecasting in football using event and positional data
Authors: Klemp Maximilian , Wunderlich Fabian , Memmert Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo highly relevant aspects of football, namely forecasting of results and performance analysis by means of performance indicators, are combined in the present study by analysing the value of in-play information in terms of event and positional data in forecasting the further course of football matches. Event and positional data from 50 matches, including more than 300 million datapoints were used to extract a total of 18 performance indicators. Moreover, goals from more than 30,000 additional matches have been analysed. Results suggest that surprisingly goals do not possess any relevant informative value on the further course of a match, if controlling for pre-game market expectation by means of betting odds. Performance indicators based on event and positional data have been shown to possess more informative value than goals, but still are not sufficient to reveal significant predictive value in-play. The present results are relevant to match analysts and bookmakers who should not overestimate the value of in-play information when explaining match performance or compiling in-play betting odds. Moreover, the framework presented in the present study has methodological implications for performance analysis in football, as it suggests that researchers should increasingly segment matches by scoreline and control carefully for general team strength.