bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of cerebellar cortex structural components one day after experimental thermal injury
Authors: Ohinska N. V. 
Published: October 2021

Thermal injury is a lesion caused by thermal agents. With deep and large burns, the course of this type of injury becomes a general disease of the whole organism with the involvement of vital organs. The skin is the first to perceive the action of this exogenous factor, and secondarily there are changes in all body systems, in particular in the cerebellum. The aim of our study was to establish micro- and submicroscopic changes in the structural components of the cerebellar cortex one day after the experimental thermal injury. Simulation of experimental thermal injury was performed on white laboratory male rats. Grade III burns were applied under thiopental-sodium anesthesia with copper plates heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97-100°C. The size of the affected area was 18-20 % of the epilated body surface of rats. The cerebellum was collected after one day, further processing of the material for micro- and submicroscopic examination was performed according to accepted methods. Histological specimens were stained with methylene blue, and for electron microscopy the obtained ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate according to the Reynolds method. At the micro- and submicroscopic levels, it was found that 1 day after the experimental thermal injury, reactive changes are observed in neurons, microcirculatory tract and glial cells. Thus, one day after the thermal trauma of the skin, the experimental animals showed the initial violations of the blood-brain barrier of the cerebellar cortex, which are adaptive-compensatory in nature. Initial, destructive, changes in neuro-glial-capillary relations, which occur primarily on their damage to the walls of hemocapillaries and are manifested by a violation of the micro- and ultrastructure of the main cells of the cerebellum – Purkinje, neurocytes of molecular and granular layers, neuroglyocytes, with peri-gliocyocytes were found.
Late Onset Hypocalcemia Caused by Hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Anggini Dini , Eka Agustia Rini  
Published: October 2021

Background: hypocalcemia is a common metabolic problem in neonates and infants that can be life threatening. The incidence of hypocalcemia leads to complications and developmental disorders in children.
Case presentations: A 1 month-old boy with hypovitaminosis D and a history of recurrent hypocalcemia since one week of age. The patient had repeated seizures at the age of 7 days without fever and hypoglycemia, the overall physical examination was within normal, the results of the lumbar puncture were within normal limits. Laboratory examinations at that time showed low of serum calcium, urinary calcium, calcium ion and vitamin D levels, while magnesium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were within normal limits. The patient was diagnosed with late onset hypocalcemia caused by hypovitaminosis D. The patient was given vitamin D therapy, calcium lactate, and intravena calcium correction was performed.
Conclusion: late onset hypocalcemia occurring after the first 7 days of life was associated with hyperparathyroidism, high phosphate formula administration, DiGeorge syndrome, hypomagnesemia, and vitamin D deficiency.
Educación colombiana, lejos del nivel de los países desarrollados
Authors: Cardona-García José Luis 
Published: October 2021

La educación es un infinito proceso integrador de competencias que impulsa la investigación y el desarrollo de la ciencia, generando nuevas tecnologías que, aplicadas racionalmente en todos los campos del conocimiento, llevan la intención de satisfacer necesidades y contribuir al bienestar del ser humano.• No es coincidencia que el 94% del número total de científicos pertenezca al Primer Mundo. Los países desarrollados, con el 23% de la población mundial, lid eran los sistemas de mercado, controlan la generación de transferencia y comercialización de tecnología y fomentan la innovación científica.• Aun cuando el Tercer Mundo representa el 77% de la población mundial, solo posee el 6% de los científicos del mundo. Solo el 1 % de los científicos del mundo son latinoamericanos y de estos únicamente el1 % son colombianos.• Mientras que Colombia hasta el año 2000, presentaba un total de 4.240 científicos, en Norteamérica se destacan Estados Unidos con 1.114.100. En Europa, aparece la Federación Rusa con 505.778 Y Alemania con 259.597. En Asia, sobresale China con 742.700 Y Japón con 675.898,• En el año 2000, Colombia, por cada millón de habitantes, contaba con 101 científicos, mientras que Estados Unidos tenía 4.099 y Canadá 2.978, En Europa se destacan Finlandia con 7.110 e Islandia con 6.592• En materia de conectividad, el 64% de los estudiantes de 15 años de edad de la Unión Europea regularmente usan computador en la escuela. En Colombia, únicamente el 10% de los alumnos de los colegios privados tienen acceso a los computadores.• Según una encuesta reciente, de los 40.000 estudiantes de la Universidad de Wisconsin, el 92% posee su propio computador de escritorio y cerca del 40% su portátil. Estos son algunos aspectos, que dentro del proceso de educación-investigación-desarrollo tecnológico, destacan la enorme brecha que separa a Colombia de los países desarrollados.Palabras Claves: Educación, Competencias, Calidad de Vida, Conectividad, Comunidad Científica.
Análisis de convergencia entre las tasas de desempleo de las siete principales áreas metropolitanas y la de Colombia, periodo 1985-2005
Authors: Anillo-Montes Adith , Zamora-Gaviria Jairo 
Published: October 2021

La adopción de medidas tendientes a regular la actividad económica y laboral así como la mayor movilidad de factores económicos producto de más y mejores medios de transporte y comunicación, han generado un proceso de reducción gradual en las disparidades del mercado laboral entre las regiones colombianas reflejado en la disminución de las tasas de desempleo de las aéreas metropolitanas en la última década. Este fenómeno generalizado nos permite plantear la hipótesis de un proceso de convergencia que conduzca hacia un estado estacionario en el que todas las tasas de desempleo presenten un crecimiento similar. En atención a lo anterior, este artículo realiza un estudio de convergencia aplicado al tema del desempleo colombiano, en el cual se emplean medidas de convergencia como la convergencia tipo y tipo complementado con un estudio de cointegración utilizando el método de Johansen, con el fin de comprobar si tal fenómeno persiste en el largo plazo.Palabras Clave: Desempleo, convergencia, macroeconomía, mercado laboral, tasa de desempleo, convergencia tipo, convergencia tipo y método de cointegración de Johansen.
El manejo de la tasa de cambio colombiana en el contexto de los modelos Proteccionistas y Neoliberales
Authors: Serpa-Alvarez Pablo 
Published: October 2021

El evolucionar de la economía colombiana arrastra en su historia la presencia. de dos modelos antagónicos: el viejo modelo PROTECCIONISTA o, de ..'SUSTITUCIÓN DE IMPORTACIONES, a través del cual, básicamente, se buscaba proteger el mercado interno para lograr el desarrollo de la industria nacional y, el modelo actual, de Corte neoliberal, que gira en tomo a tres grandes propósitos a saber: 1.) La disminución de la responsabilidad del Estado en el manejo de la Actividad Económica. 2.) La búsqueda de la modernización del aparato productivo , mediante la Reconversión industrial, con el ánimo de volver la industria más competitiva a nivel internacional y 3.) El fortalecimiento del frente exportador,El propósito del presente trabajo es examinar, brevemente, el protagonismo que ha podido cobrar el manejo de la tasa de cambio en la evolución de ambos paradigrnas.
Notas sobre calidad
Authors: Quesada-Ibargüen Víctor Manuel , Blanco-Hernández Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

La calidad, como concepto, podría afirmarse que es más antigua que la humanidad misma. En el Antiguo testamento, Libro del Génesis, capítulo 1, versículos 1 al 4, se encuentra las primeras manifestaciones: "En principio creó Dios el cielo y la tierra, empero estaba informe y vacía, y las tinieblas cubrían la superficie del abismo, y el Espíritu de Dios se movía sobre las aguas. Dijo, pues, Dios: Sea hecha la luz. Y la luz quedó hecha. Y vio Dios que la luz era buena y dividió la luz de las tinieblas"
Los retos regionales y la formación de emprendedores al interior de la universidad
Authors: Amézquita-López Julio 
Published: October 2021

¿Es función de la universidad apoyar las iniciativas empresaria/es del entorno regional? , ¿De ser las, a cuáles proyectos empresariales regionales debe apostar la academia y a qué nivel comprometerse?, una sencilla respuesta a ambos interrogantes es: Enfáticamente Si, Ya que de un dinámico entorno empresarial depende et bienestar de los egresados Y de la Universidad como organización, como futuros proveedores de bienes y servicios o como demandantes u oferentes de empleo y/o capital de inversión.
The reality of job engagement for the employees of Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate
Authors: AL-Zobaidy Abdul Mahdi Kadhim Jasim , Al-Joufi Alyaa Saeed Abbas 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to determine the role of job engagement in the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate and its impact on employees, as the job engagement variable based on the Rich’s model included dimensions of cognitive engagement, emotional engagement and physical engagement. This variable has been studied in the Directorate of Residence Affairs which are one of the specialized directorates in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. This study relied on a questionnaire as a main tool for measuring and collecting data based on the random sampling method . The sample size included 206 individuals among 400 individuals. However, the respondents were 190 whereas the final number for data analysis was 180. The researchers used the ready-made statistical programs (SPSS v.25 AMOS v.25). The results showed that the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate is distinguished by the presence of job engagement among most of its employees, whether in terms of cognitive, emotional or physical absorption, and this indicates that the success in achieving these feelings and motivation towards work is a reflection of the higher leadership that was able to inspire workers from in order to provide everything they can offer to the organization. This matter does not come without the presence of job loyalty among the workers, which was able to achieve job engagement
Solving Resource Allocation Model by Using Dynamic Optimization Technique for Al-Raji Group Companies for Soft Drinks and Juices
Authors: Al-Hakeem Mohammed Hasan , Al-Doori Mohammed Sadiq 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the problem of resource allocation at Al-Raji Company for soft drinks and juices was studied. The company produces several types of tasks to produce juices and soft drinks, which need machines to accomplish these tasks, as it has 6 machines that want to allocate to 4 different tasks to accomplish these tasks. The machines assigned to each task are subject to failure, as these machines are repaired to participate again in the production process. From past records of the company, the probability of failure machines at each task was calculated depending on company data information. Also, the time required for each machine to complete each task was recorded. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum expected time for the completion of all the machines assigned to perform their tasks in the company by using the dynamic optimization technique over finite and infinite horizons. By comparing the results, it was found that the first and second tasks were better than the third and the fourth tasks because the first task and the second one had completed their tasks in a shorter period than the others, they took 1379.2 hours and 1379.3 respectively during of horizons (stages), while the third task took 1379.4 hours and the fourth task 1379.5 hours. A careful analysis of the situation revealed that the time it takes for each machine to complete its tasks has been reduced, from appropriate planning and quick and effective maintenance can enhance the capacity of the machines and thus reduce time and effort, which contributes to reducing the company's costs and thus maximizing the production capability to increase the company's profits
The Role of Throughput Accounting in Maximizing Profits: Application Search in the General Company for Textile Industry / Cotton Factory
Authors: Al-Halbousi Jamal Noori Dahham , Ali Miyead Hamid 
Published: October 2021

تهتم محاسبة الإنجاز بعملية قياس الإنجاز لتحديد مدى كفاءة الشركة ولمعرفة المشاكل والمعوقات التي تعاني منها وتحديد أسبابها وسبل معالجتها وتتمثل مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل الاتي:
هل ان تطبيق محاسبة الإنجاز يؤدي الى تعظيم أرباح الشركة؟ والهدف من البحث هو بيان أهمية محاسبة الإنجاز التي هي أحد أدوات المحاسبة الإدارية في توفير نظام معلومات كفوء يزود إدارة الشركة بالمعلومات التي تحتاجها لتحسين عملياتها الإنتاجية وزيادة الإنجاز وبالتالي تعظيم أرباحها. وتوصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من أهمها ان محاسبة الإنجاز توفر عدد من المؤشرات مثل (هامش الإنجاز ومعدل الإنجاز ووقت الإنجاز) تساعد في قياس الأداء وتحديد المشاكل التي تعاني منها الشركة والسبل الكفيلة بمعالجتها. ويوصي الباحث بضرورة تطبيق الشركة لمحاسبة الإنجاز بدل النظام التقليدي لتوفيرها مقاييس ومؤشرات تساعد في زيادة الإنجاز وتركيزها على زيادة هامش الإنجاز وتخفيض المخزون وتكاليف التشغيل الى أدنى مستوى ممكن
La práctica docente como medida de valoración de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje
Authors: Morales Said , Morales Araceli , Tejerina Angela 
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación enfatiza la importancia de la evaluación del desempeño docente en el proceso de formación que permite describir sus características desde una perspectiva del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje PEA, un factor preponderante hacia una educación de calidad, es por esta razón que se transversaliza la función formativa desde una perspectiva integral del docente estudiante, cuya la labor educativa dentro del aula es fundamental, debido a que debe articularse la oferta formativa con los propósitos de la malla curricular. En la actualidad las universidades enfrentan retos y desafíos para poder elevar la calidad de formación de los estudiantes, buscando la competitividad y adecuados al contexto en donde se desenvuelvan. Los resultados de este estudio serán de mucha utilidad para una mejora continua ya que permitirá una radiografía de la labor educativa buscado mejorar ésta en sus diferentes niveles. El concepto de educación como bien público repercute en la asociación de la calidad de educación superior e inclusión social. El Problema del presente estudio está centrado en poder describir el siguiente hilo conductor de la investigación cuáles son los factores que inciden en la práctica docente en el proceso del PEA en la Carrera de Administración de Empresas de la UAJMS en la ciudad de Tarija. Se trabajó con una población de 360 estudiantes y una muestra estratificada de 17 estudiantes a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta para el estudio. El tipo de investigación utilizada fue la investigación exploratoria y descriptiva. Llegando al análisis y conclusión del presente estudio.
L’Italie, première frappée, première à faire face en Europe
Authors: Vigouroux Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Première frappée en Europe, l’Italie a dû, la première, trouver les solutions pour faire face à l’épidémie. L’observation des mesures prises, de leur efficacité et des réactions de la population a pu être source d’enseignements pour les pays voisins, et particulièrement pour la France qui suivait l’Italie de sept à douze jours durant la première vague. Exercée à faire face aux catastrophes de la nature – tremblements de terre, éruptions, inondations, etc. –, l’Italie était en revanche moins préparée à une épidémie d’ampleur, rappelant celles qui l’avaient ravagée entre le xiv e et le xviii e siècle. Face à un même péril, la diversité des réponses et de leur mise en place par les régions, auxquelles la Constitution attribue une compétence forte en santé, est particulièrement instructive pour la santé publique. Et elle fait s’interroger sur la nécessité d’une recentralisation en matière sanitaire dans de telles circonstances. Enfin, l’Italie a appelé à une prise de conscience de l’Union européenne (UE) qui a finalement abouti à des mesures européennes de solidarité. Et, par la question soulevée de l’indépendance stratégique de l’Europe pour la fourniture de médicaments et dispositifs essentiels à la lutte contre la pandémie, l’Italie a contribué à affirmer la nécessité d’une Union européenne de la santé.
Detection of Two Pathogenesis Previously Unreported Myosin XVa Pathogenic Variants in Two Large Iranian Pedigrees with Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss
Authors: Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh , Ashrafi Korosh , Mobini Gholam Reza , Yazdanpanahi Nasrin , Shirzad Maryam , Farrokhi Effat , Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori Morteza 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Hearing loss (HL) is a genetically heterogeneous common neurosensory disorder. Among different ethnic groups, pathogenic variants of Myosin XVa (MYO15A) at the DFNB3 locus are the common causes of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the type of MYO15A pathogenic variants in a subset of Iranian pedigrees with ARNSHL.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-eight Iranian pedigrees with no Gap junction beta-2 pathogenic variants were included in the study. For all pedigrees, linkage analysis was performed using five short tandem repeat markers of DFNB3 locus. The DNA sequencing was then applied to identify MYO15A pathogenic variants in linked pedigrees.

Results:
Altogether, two out of 38 (5.3%) pedigrees were linked to locus 3. After sequencing, five previously unreported MYO15A pathogenic variants (c.1775-1776insA, c.1766-1767insC, c.7694delA, c.611G > C (G204A), and c.6442T > A (W2148R)) were revealed in homozygous and heterozygous state in the two pedigrees studied. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of pathogenic variants was confirmated by Insilco and cosegregation analysis in this study.

Conclusions:
Our findings support a relatively high prevalence and specificity of MYO15A pathogenic variant among Iranian ARNSHL patients. Molecular study of MYO15A may lead to elucidation of the population-specific pathogenic variant profile, which is of importance in molecular diagnostics of HL.
Proximate composition and functional properties of different grain flour composites for industrial applications
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Chinaza 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The study focused on evaluating proximate compositions and functional properties of different flour blends.
Methodology: Three representative flour samples were produced from each mixture of maize-millet, soybean-wheat, and rice-wheat in the ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 percent for all combinations. The proximate composition and functional properties of flour blends were determined using the methods of AOAC.
Findings: There was significant difference in the proximate compositions of the flours (p =0.05). The moisture content of the blends was highest at 5.41% for maize-millet blend ratio of 70:30% and lowest at 1.8% for soybean-wheat blend ratio of 30:70%. The crude protein content of the grain flour samples ranged from 16.32% to 44.10%. Soybean-wheat flour blend had the highest fat content of 7.34% for 70:30% and maize-millet blend had the least fat content of 1.30 for 50:50%. Maize-millet flour blend had the highest ash content of 4.02% for 30:70% and lowest for rice-wheat with 0.35% for 50:50%. The percent carbohydrate content of the flours ranged from 42.60% to 65.01%. The percent crude fibre content of the flours ranged from 2.13% to 10.01%. Soya bean-wheat flour blend had the highest average crude fibre content. There was significant difference in the functional properties of the flour blends (p =0.05). The oil absorption capacity (OAC) of the flours ranged from 1.00 to 2.25 ml/g. The rice-wheat flour blend had the highest water absorption capacity (WAC) of 2.60 ml/g for 30:70% blend ratio, while the lowest WAC was 0.50 ml/g for soybean-wheat blend. The foaming capacity (FC) of the flour blends ranged from 10.83 to 15.40%, while the emulsion capacity ranged from 35.05% to 50.95%. The swelling index ranged from 1.13% to 1.98%. The high emulsion capacity of soybean-wheat flour blend suggested that it was more digestible and therefore could be suitable for use as ingredient in infant food formulations.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The high swelling index indicates that rice-wheat flour blend could be more suitable in food systems where swelling is required. The high emulsion capacity of soybean-wheat flour blend suggested that it was more digestible and therefore could be suitable for use as ingredient in infant food formulations.
Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) and their Associated Deficiency Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Godswill , Somtochukwu Igwe Victory , Ikechukwu Amagwula O , Kate Echeta Chinelo 
Published: October 2021

The research focused on the benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases and health complications. Micronutrients are essential elements required by human and other organisms in varying quantities throughout life to coordinate a range of physiological functions for health maintenance. For human nutrition, micronutrients are required in amounts generally below 100 milligrams per day, while macronutrients are required in gram amounts daily. Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in humans, either at all or may be in insufficient amounts, and therefore must be obtained by the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C) and 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K). Vitamins A and D can amass in the body, which may result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Anti-vitamins inhibit the actions or absorption of vitamins; avidin inhibits biotin absorption, although it is deactivated by cooking; Pyrithiamine inhibits enzymes that use vitamin B1. The four key structural elements in human body (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) by weight, are often not included in the lists of major nutrient minerals (nitrogen is a "mineral" for plants, as it is often included in fertilizers). These four key elements compose around 96% of the weight of human body, and the major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (trace elements) compose the remaining percent. The five major minerals in the the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium (macrominerals or macroelements). The trace elements with specific biochemical function in human body are iodine, sulfur, zinc, iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium. Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 g of body weight (about 1.5% of body weight) of an adult, with 99% of it contained in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus occurs in amounts of around 2/3 of calcium, and makes up approximately 1% of an individual's body weight. The other macroelements (potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur) make up only around 0.85% of the body weight