bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyze Instructional Materials for Physics Modul Integrated Natural Disasters and Mitigation
Authors: Fauza Naila , Syaflita Dina , Ernidawati  , Dipuja Diah Anugrah , Yogi Ryantama Isjoni M. , Hermita Neni , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Today natural disasters are a global issue. Several countries have made strategies in natural disaster mitigation. Natural disasters of land forest fires, smog, floods, and landslides are common disasters in Riau province. Environment and natural disaster phenomena are closely related to physics. Integrated Physics materials of natural disasters can be applied in secondary schools. The teaching materials in general consist of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students must learn to achieve a standard competence. The purpose of the research is analyze the physics instructional material of natural disasters to build physics modules integrated with natural disasters and mitigation in secondary schools. The method used ADDIE model (Analyza, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). This research in analyze. The define (analyze) stage is done through field study and literature study to collect the kinds of material hat occur in the concept. The scope of the study analyzed the material physics curriculum 2013 high school integrated natural disasters namely particle dynamics, rotation dynamics and equilibrium rigid body, static fluids, dynamic fluids, heat and displacement. This research was conducted at SMAN 15 Pekanbaru City. The school used a revised 2013 curriculum. This research includes qualitative approach research and descriptive research type. The physics that can be integrated are the rotational dynamics and equilibrium of rigid objects, the weight points of objects, static and dynamic fluids and heat and displacement. The material is integrated into the material of natural disasters that often occur in Riau province, namely landslides, forest fires, smog and floods.
Design and Implementation of GeoGebra Learning Activities of Area and Perimeter of Rectangles for Primary School Students
Authors: Putra Zetra Hainul , Panjaitan If Only Dia , Putri Nur Aini , Wulandari Tengku Ririn , Hermita Neni , Dahnilsyah  
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeoGebra-based mathematics learning is an approach to teach mathematics that can support students to think mathematically. Learning using GeoGebra provides students with a new hands-on experience in learning mathematics as they can understand the mathematical concepts both from visualisation and representation. This study exploits the method by designing GeoGebra-based mathematics learning on the area and perimeter of rectangles. This study aims to provide a varied and exciting learning experience, support students in thinking mathematically and give a chance to students to solve mathematical problems correctly and fluently. The design of learning activities for the area and perimeter of rectangles with GeoGebra was tested with 4 elementary school students. The results indicate that students begin to understand the area and perimeter of a rectangle logically, although some are still doubts when answering the questions given.
Effect of Application of Mesoporous Silica on Titanium Dioxide Sulfate catalyst for Synthesis of Palmitate Ethyl Ester as Biodiesel
Authors: Manga J , Yulistiono Hb. S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This research studied the effect of the addition of mesoporous silica on the active site SO4
2-/TiO2. Mesoporous silica was designed to be a matrix that affects the surface area of the catalyst activity. This study aimed to obtain a solid acid catalyst capable of treating palmitic acid with ethanol through an esterification reaction. The research began with the synthesis of SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst, followed by the addition of synthetic mesoporous silica support. Both of these catalysts were applied to the palmitic acid esterification reaction. The activity of the SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst was observed at variations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% in the application. Observations through the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectra for the indicated application of 20% obtained the highest % area of ethyl ester palmitate was reached at 96.15. For the modified SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst with mesoporous silica support synthesized with different purification steps. They are ethanol-acid and calcined, which are indicated to have a % area of 83.14 and 94.22. In order to be able to define the ethyl ester palmitate and this catalyst, the microstructure characterization was carried out using the FTIR and XRD methods. Several indications resulting from the characterization of SO4
2-/TiO2 supported by mesoporous silica for 2θ were 23.430 and 25.190, which indicate the presence of silica in the position of mesoporous silica and TiO2 in the anatase phase.
Extraction of Hydroxyapatite by Alkaline Acid from Budu Waste and Synthesis Using Calcination Method
Authors: Daupor Hasan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite powders were synthesised using anchovy fish bone waste collected from the Budu production process. Liquid Budu factory leaved much fish bones waste containing valuable calcium and phosphorous. It was extracted by two different acid solutions (HCl and HNO3) and was subsequently precipitated by NH4OH. Finally, as-prepared products were calcined at 800 °C for 2 hours in a muffle furnace. The per cent yield of both obtaining products was 80%. The obtained samples were characterised by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). As a result, the XRD patterns of the products prepared from two different acids were identical; these acids have no significant influence on the structure of a product. The XRD patterns were identified as calcium magnesium sodium pentaphosphate [Ca9MgNa(PO4)7] or merrillite (MER) crystallisation in the rhombohedral structure, and the crystal sizes of these products were estimated as nanometers. The FT-IR spectra showed the vibration modes of PO4
3- at 562, 596, 983, and 1034 cm−1, while the peak located at 369 cm−1 correspondings to the vibration of the metal-oxygen bonding in the merrillite structure. Moreover, the presence of Mg2+ in the product was confirmed by EDS technique. This paper showed the excellent potential for the phase transformation of merrillite from hydroxyapatite at low temperatures.
Integrated Very Low Frequency and Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods to Study Possibility Shallow Groundwater Pathway in Bedrock Area
Authors: Islami Nur , Irianti Mitri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Exploration of groundwater movement has a specific challenge in thick forest area and cover with the shallow hard rock. The use of active and passive geophysical method is needed for groundwater exploration. This study aims to explore the prospect of groundwater zone especially for the groundwater pathway in the area around the hot spring zone. Geoelectrical resistivity and very low frequency (VLF) methods were used with electrode spacing of 2 meter and reading stations of about 5 meter, respectively. The geoelectrical resistivity was carried out using the Wenner configuration in the sites around the hot spring. The results show that the VLF model indicates occurrence of the conductive zones at the depth of about 10 m. The geoelectrical resistivity data show the same pattern with the VLF image. These conductive zones which is appeared in the VLF model are indicating as the zone of groundwater water pathway from the source to the hot spring zones. The geoelectrical resistivity data also showed the same possibility of groundwater pathway.
Comparison of Grayscale Value in T1-Weighted Pre- and Post-Contrast Brain MRI Images: with and without Fat Suppression Technique
Authors: Asri Isnindar Tandya , Widodo Chomsin Sulistya , Wadjib Yuyun Yueniwati Prabowowati 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The MRI T1-weighted image can provide information on the pre- and post-contrast images. Post-contrast images is an image obtained after the administration of GBCA In some cases, not all post-contrast images can show clear lesions so it requires additional technique in the form of Fat Suppression (FS), which works by suppressing the fat signal in an image. The T1-weighted images with and without FS have a different signal intensity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the signal intensity of the pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images with and without the FS technique. The signal intensities are indicated with a grayscale value. There are seven T1-weighted images with FS and seven T1-weighted images without FS. Each of the image have a pre-and post-contrast. Image reading is done by a radiology specialist. Area plot was performed on abnormal tissues in each image. Each area will be measured with an ImageJ software to obtain the grayscale mean value. The measurements of the post contrast T1-weighted image showed an increase in the grayscale mean value with or without the FS technique. This showed that the administration of GBCA can increase the signal intensity on the T1-weighted images with or without the FS technique.
Prepare and Utilize Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 for Efficient Photocatalytic Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Copper(II)
Authors: Raya Indah , Nafie Nursiah La , Thahir Ridhawati , Yasser M. , Ismail Syarif 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work has provided a novel technique for preparation, characterization, and utilization of mesoporous silica SBA-15 in waste treatment to remove methylene blue as an organic pollutant and copper(II) as inorganic pollutant sampling with a photocatalytic adsorption system. To process of mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by the sol-gel method for Pluronic as a surfactant template and following the hydrothermal process to high interaction between Pluronik and tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) as precursor reagent. The proceed materials were characterized by the surface analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was obtained with hexagonal structure having 72 percent amorphous content, high surface area, large pore-volume, approximately 948 m2/g, and 1.3 cm3/g. The second major finding was that mesoporous silica SBA-15 have a high photocatalytic adsorption capacity to remove methylene blue and copper(II). These present results suggest several courses of action in order to utilize SBA-15 samples in waste treatment.
Effect of Adding Fe3O4 in Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 Composite for Phenol Photodegradation Application
Authors: Heltina D , Adharianti N , Randa D G , Komalasari  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of TiO2, a material that can increase the adsorption ability of TiO2 is needed, one of which is graphene. Graphene/TiO2 composites can be used to degrade phenol. The addition of a magnet material to the grapene/TiO2 composite, namely Fe3O4 is expected to facilitate the separation of the catalyst after being used in the phenol degradation process. This study aims to synthesize and characterize graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composites. The composite obtained was used to degrade phenol. This research begins with the modification of graphene with the surfactant cocoPAS. Synthesis of graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with various amount of Fe3O4 in composite (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g, respectively). Composites used for phenol degradation and separated after degradation. The composite materials were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with a mass of Fe3O4 in the composite of 0.3 g indicates the highest degradation, while the catalyst separation process after phenol degradation showed the fastest time in the separation of the Fe3O4 mass in the composite, which was 0.5 g. the faster the separation time required, but the performance of the composite in degrading phenol is decreasing.
Mechanistic Rheological Evaluation of Asbuton Modified Asphalt on Stiffness Modulus of Asphalt
Authors: Ramdhani Fitra , Rahman Harmein , Subagio Bambang Sugeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Asphalt rheology greatly affects the performance of asphalt mixtures. One of the properties and behavior of asbuton is visco-elastic which is a rheological parameter. Asbuton's visco-elastic properties will affect the durability of the pavement layer. Therefore, knowing the rheological properties of pure asbuton, especially the proportion of visco-elastic asbuton, is expected to improve the rheological properties of oil asphalt. This study aims to evaluate the mechanistic rheology of asphalt modified Asbuton on the stiffness modulus of asphalt. The methodology used in this study is an experimental method, with asphalt mechanistic rheology testing. The results showed that the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*) increased with the addition of Asbuton content. In addition, a review of the effect of temperature with the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*) shows that the higher the test temperature, the lower the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*). Based on the minimum criterion limit of asphalt stiffness modulus, the optimum level of asbuton addition is obtained, which is 30% asbuton content into asphalt pen 80/100.
Study on Modal and Harmonic Response Analysis by Modifying Motorcycle Chassis using Finite Element Method
Authors: Wong Y J , Hashim M S M , Shahriman A B , Rahman A , Azizul Aziz I , Saad M A M , Nasirudin M A , Razlan Z M , Kamarrudin N S , Ibrahim I , Faizi M K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Motorcycle chassis is one of the most important structures in the design of a motorcycle. Excessive vibration occurs in chassis is undesirable as it may lead to structural failure and discomfort among riders. This study aims to model the motorcycle chassis and carry out dynamic analysis to understand the behaviour of the chassis under vibration. Modelling of chassis was conducted based on Seri Perlis motorcycle, which is characterised by double cradle frame. In dynamic analysis, the modal and harmonic response analysis were employed in this study of the motorcycle chassis and the material used is low carbon steel. Both modal and harmonic response analysis were conducted using Ansys. The results show natural frequencies for six mode shapes and the steady-state response of the chassis under the engine weight excitation revealed that the deformation under z-axis orientation was more prevalent. From this study, the dynamic behaviour of the chassis was understood and improvement of the chassis can be made in the future.
Performance Analysis of Multi Rotating Savonius Turbines for Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Through CFD Simulations
Authors: Youngblood K , Roy S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wind energy generation in adverse conditions has always been a challenge for the energy industry, especially at low wind speeds. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are promising solutions for low and turbulent wind conditions; however, their low efficiency has been a problem for their application and requires further research initiatives. In this research, a multi-Savonius VAWT arrangement is tested to use an unnatural wind source, a cooling tower exhaust, to improve the turbine performance. The analysis method was done by a series of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using Ansys FLUENT. A grid sensitivity test was performed, and the numerical model was validated against published numerical and experimental results. Test cases with single and multi-turbine configurations at six different tip speed ratios were then performed to calculate the turbine performance. The multi-turbine configuration improved the power coefficient by up to 19.29%. The multi- turbine arrangement has proven to be an effective means of increasing the performance of the Savonius turbine for the exhaust energy recovery system.
Developing an empirical model to predict the winding coil temperature for a compact wind turbine
Authors: Zaiazmin Y N , Ismail K A , Abdul Manan M S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the problems with a compact wind generator is a temperature control. The aim of this research is to establish an empirical model for estimating the winding coil temperature through natural convection cooling. The modeling process began with physical experimentation at different operating conditions while measuring temperature at various positions on the compact wind generator. Later, simulation experiment is divided into two sections: Electromagnetic (EM) simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. The electromagnetic simulation was applied and tested successfully, with a Vpeak discrepancy of less than 4 percent. While the CFD software was then used to replicate the natural convection cooling effects at the compact generator. The CFD results were validated by experimental measurements with a difference in winding coil temperature of less than 9 percent. Then, using Design of Experiment (DOE), various operating conditions were simulated to evaluate the results and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to develop the empirical model. The empirical model for estimating the winding coil temperature with a difference of less than 10% from experimental data was successfully developed. As a result, the empirical model can be used to estimate the winding coil temperature at different operating conditions with a good accuracy.
Aerodynamics Analysis of UniMAP Automotive Racing Team Formula SAE Race Car spoiler via Simulation: Effect of Angle of Attack
Authors: Wafi A , Basha M H , Tasyrif M , Hamid M F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When a racing car moves at high velocity, aerodynamic factors will cause a lift and drag force, causing the speeding vehicle to lose stability, traction and speed. To solve this problem, racing cars use a rear spoiler as a medium to reduce drag and lift, increasing the car’s stability. This study explores the idea that focuses on the impact of the angle of attack on UniART SAE race car performance and the effect of angle of attack on drag force and downforce. ANSYS Fluent is used to generate the simulation In the context of the lift force analysis, angle of attack equal to 12.5° produce the most outstanding results and generated the highest negative lift force value between three tested angles. The highest negative lift force generated is 35.658 N at the inlet velocity of 105 km/h. Furthermore, by referring to drag force analysis, it shows an increasing trend when the variable angle of attack parameter is changed to a higher value. Angle 25° produced the highest drag force data which is 60N and the inlet velocity condition is set equal to 105 km/h.
Aerodynamics Analysis of UniMAP Automotive Racing Team Formula SAE race car spoiler via simulation: Effect of Spoiler Size
Authors: Wafi A , Basha M H , Tasyrif M , Hamid M F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lift force that occurred on a speeding race car will cause the vehicle to lost its stability, traction and speed. Therefore, a car spoiler is installed on a race car to reduce the lift force, making the vehicle more stable. The present work investigated the impact of spoiler size on the drag force and downforce value on the UniART FSAE race car using simulation software. From the results, a larger spoiler size gives the highest downforce compared to other sizes. The downforce and the area of the spoiler showed a directly proportional relationship. The result of drag force led us to conclude drag force increase if the spoiler is mounted at the rear part of the car, however different sizes of spoiler doesn’t seem to have a big effect on the drag force.
Static and Dynamics Analysis of Bicycle Frame
Authors: Tan W H , Ashraf M , Ooi L E , Niresh J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Leisure bike became a trend among the people in Malaysia as their method of exercise. The problem rises as the riders start to complain about their muscle fatigue after long cycling. This study aims to determine how the changing of material of the bicycle frame and the insertion of the suspension system can reduce vibration. This study was conducted using aluminium alloy as the material for bicycle frame to reduce the vibration and the weight of the bike. The suspension system has also been customized into the bicycle frame as the main vibration absorber. The CAD model was developed and been analysed using static and dynamic analysis based on the specific boundary condition. The result showed a small deformation occurs on the frame that causes the frame to deflect from the original shape as depicted in modal analysis. Overall, it is concluded that a suspension system adopted on the bicycle frame can have a significant enhancement in vibration reduction on the rider.
Design and analysis of a solar integrated agriculture irrigation system for rural farming area
Authors: Aziz NA , Amin NAM , Mohamad A , Mohamad MS Bin , Saad MAM , Rahman MTA , Izham M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Precision farming involves a management strategy to increase productivity and economic returns with reduced environmental impacts. Precision farming is available for small farm agriculture and big farm agriculture, and it plays a significant role in rural development programs in the agriculture industry. Accordingly, an automated solar integrated agriculture irrigation system is proposed to effectively help farmers in rural areas supply the water to their farms. The proposed automated system is expected to increase productivity and provide better quality control, as well as minimising the work labour time. The system was designed by considering various design factors, such as the reliability, safety, and ergonomic factors, to ensure the product is user friendly. Besides, the material selection process and parametric studies conducted to determine the right sizing and position of the components are discussed. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to simulate the water tank to visualise the water flow. From the design analysis, a higher water tank placement and bigger pipe diameter are found to make the system more efficient.
A review on the correlation between exhaust backpressure and the performance of IC engine
Authors: Murali R , Shahriman A B , Razlan Z M , Ahmad W K W , Azizul A I , Rojan M A , Ma’arof M I N , Radzuan M A , Hassan M A S M , Ibrahim Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exhaust system in any Internal Combustion (IC) engine is a critical component that affects the engine’s performance. A poorly designed exhaust system generally results in an increment of exhaust backpressure. Backpressure is one of the fluid’s characteristics that acts as a resistance to exhaust gas flow. Relatively higher backpressure blocks the exhaust gas flow from discharging efficiently, decreasing the engine’s performance. In general, higher backpressure results in power and torque loss as well as higher fuel consumption and emission to the environment. This review paper aims to elucidate the relationship between exhaust backpressure and the performance of IC engine. Various past studies were conducted to study the effect of exhaust backpressure on the performance of IC engine through Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation, engine simulation and experimental analysis. Some studies used Taguchi’s method to optimize the exhaust manifold’s design in respect to backpressure decrement. It was found that 0.22 kW to 0.45 kW of engine’s power increases for every 1 kPa of exhaust backpressure decrement. At the same time, 1.5% to 3% of fuel consumption decreases for every 10 kPa of backpressure decrement. In contrast, higher backpressure does reduce the Nitrous Oxides (NOx) emission in the exhaust gas due to higher temperature. Therefore, exhaust backpressure must be minimized to improve any IC engine’s performance if the NOx emission is neglected. This review paper is expected to provide a better understanding of the impact of exhaust backpressure on IC engine’s performance.