bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and topology optimization of a rack and pinion steering system using structural and vibrational analysis
Authors: Babu T. Narendiranath , Rajkumar E , Joshi Tanmay , Patil Vedant , Mukaddam Wasif 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rack and pinion steering system, in automobiles, is the most commonly used steering system. Being directly connected to the suspension system in most vehicles, it is a critical component. The main intent of this research is to design a rack and pinion steering system for an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) and to reduce its weight by topology optimization. The design calculations are performed using AGMA bending, and contact stress equation and modelling is done using SolidWorks. ANSYS is used for structural analysis and the stress and deformation distribution is visualized. Vibrational analysis from ANSYS is utilized to obtain the natural frequencies, which are compared with the operating frequencies of the system. Topology optimization is conducted from this analysis to obtain an optimal and lightweight design.
Influence of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in the Structural Performance of the Curved Composite Beam
Authors: Mageshwaran S , Rajeshkumar S , Manoharan R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, Experimental investigation on the free vibration response bheavior of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforced curved composite beams have been accomplished to evaluate the structural integrity. To obtain the uniform distribution of MWCNTs in the matrix (epoxy), the ultra-sonication technique is carried out and the curved composite beams are fabricated with the incorporation of MWCNT with the curvature radius of 0.8 m then the free vibration analysis is performed at different boundary conditions. The structural performances of the curved composite beams are explored in the relation of modal natural frequencies and damping ratio. The effective structural integrity and vibration responses are achieved with respect to the enhancement of MWCNT in the curved composite structure.
Effects of pulsing current and filler materials on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of DSS 2205 weldments
Authors: Sathishkumar M , Nagpal Sawan , Gupta Harshit , Bhargava Sanjalp , Reddy S A Nithin Joseph , Kumar K Gokul , Manikandan M , Arivazhagan N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The control of balance in austenite to ferrite ratio of duplex stainless steel (2205) during welding is critical due to not choosing the optimum heat input and cooling rate and welding processes, which leads to the development of embrittlement of intermetallic precipitates in the weldment. Further, the imbalance of austenite to ferrite ratio primes the stress corrosion cracking (ferrite < 25 %), low impact toughness and corrosion resistance (ferrite > 75 %). The pulse current gas tungsten arc (PCGTA) welding has utilized to weld the DSS 2205 using ERNiCrMo-3 and ERNiCrMo-4 fillers for better control of austenite to ferrite ratio. The tensile strength of Mo-3 weldment is 4.06 % higher than Mo-4. Besides, the Mo-3 weldment also provided the enhanced impact toughness and microhardness compared to Mo-4. The macrographs show similar weld bead width. The microstructure of both fillers Mo-3 & Mo-4 confirmed columnar structure at the weld interface and the finer equiaxed structure at weld center. The scanning electron microscope along with energy dispersive spectroscopy assured the absence of Cr2N, Chi and sigma phases. The PCGTA of DSS 2205 with Mo-3 is giving the improved properties with respect to Mo-4.
Linking physical objects to their digital twins via fiducial markers designed for invisibility to humans
Authors: Schwartz Mathew , Geng Yong , Agha Hakam , Kizhakidathazhath Rijeesh , Liu Danqing , Lenzini Gabriele , Lagerwall Jan P F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ability to label and track physical objects that are assets in digital representations of the world is foundational to many complex systems. Simple, yet powerful methods such as bar- and QR-codes have been highly successful, e.g. in the retail space, but the lack of security, limited information content and impossibility of seamless integration with the environment have prevented a large-scale linking of physical objects to their digital twins. This paper proposes to link digital assets created through building information modeling (BIM) with their physical counterparts using fiducial markers with patterns defined by cholesteric spherical reflectors (CSRs), selective retroreflectors produced using liquid crystal self-assembly. The markers leverage the ability of CSRs to encode information that is easily detected and read with computer vision while remaining practically invisible to the human eye. We analyze the potential of a CSR-based infrastructure from the perspective of BIM, critically reviewing the outstanding challenges in applying this new class of functional materials, and we discuss extended opportunities arising in assisting autonomous mobile robots to reliably navigate human-populated environments, as well as in augmented reality.
Is the SMART risk prediction model ready for real-world implementation? A validation study in a routine care setting of approximately 380 000 individuals
Authors: McKay Ailsa J , Gunn Laura H , Ference Brian A , Dorresteijn Jannick A N , Berkelmans Gijs F N , Visseren Frank L J , Ray Kausik K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsReliably quantifying event rates in secondary prevention could aid clinical decision-making, including quantifying potential risk reductions of novel, and sometimes expensive, add-on therapies. We aimed to assess whether the SMART risk prediction model performs well in a real-world setting.Methods and resultsWe conducted a historical open cohort study using UK primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2000–2017) diagnosed with coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral, and/or aortic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Analyses were undertaken separately for cohorts with established (≥6 months) vs. newly diagnosed ASCVD. The outcome was first post-cohort entry occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Among the cohort with established ASCVD [n = 244 578, 62.1% male, median age 67.3 years, interquartile range (IQR) 59.2–74.0], the calibration and discrimination achieved by the SMART model was not dissimilar to performance at internal validation [Harrell’s c-statistic = 0.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.636–0.642, compared with 0.675, 0.642–0.708]. Decision curve analysis indicated that the model outperformed treat all and treat none strategies in the clinically relevant 20–60% predicted risk range. Consistent findings were observed in sensitivity analyses, including complete case analysis (n = 182 482; c = 0.624, 95% CI 0.620–0.627). Among the cohort with newly diagnosed ASCVD (n = 136 445; 61.0% male; median age 66.0 years, IQR 57.7–73.2), model performance was weaker with more exaggerated risk under-prediction and a c-statistic of 0.559, 95% CI 0.556–0.562.ConclusionsThe performance of the SMART model in this validation cohort demonstrates its potential utility in routine healthcare settings in guiding both population and individual-level decision-making for secondary prevention patients.
Endoscopic treatment of iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty: a minimum 2-year follow-up and comparison of tenotomy performed at the acetabular rim versus lesser trochanter
Authors: Valenzuela Joaquin , O’Donnell John M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Iliopsoas impingement is an underdiagnosed cause of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA), being responsible for 4.4% of cases. Non-surgical treatment may be effective in ∼50% of cases. Endoscopic surgery has gained popularity as an option for non-responsive patients because of its non-invasive characteristics, faster recovery and encouraging results. This study compares two different sites of endoscopic psoas tenotomy performed following THA: at the edge of the acetabulum (AR) versus at the lesser trochanter (LT). This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a single-surgeon case series. Thirty-five iliopsoas tenotomy cases which had &gt;24-month follow-up were identified. There were 21 tenotomies at the lesser trochanter. Demographic data, preop and postop pain, mHHS and NAHS scores, strength and patient satisfaction data were collected and analysed. Average age at the time of surgery was 62. Mean follow-up for the LT group was 49.11 months and 42.42 months for the AR group. Pain decreased significantly for both groups (P &lt; 0.001). Both mHHS and NAHS showed superiority in the LT group, but this difference did not reach significance (P = 0.06). LT patients showed better strength with 71.42% of them having normal strength at latest follow-up, compared with 41.6% in the AR group. There were no complications in either group. Endoscopic tenotomy is a safe and reliable surgical option, giving significant pain relief and good functional outcomes. Tenotomy at the level of the lesser trochanter might be preferable since it shows better outcomes. Larger studies are necessary to achieve statistically significant results.
Stationäre Dermatologie: Wohin geht die Reise? Eine landesweite bevölkerungsbasierte Studie in Spanien von 2006 bis 2016
Authors: Cuenca‐Barrales Carlos , de Vega‐Martínez Marina , Descalzo‐Gallego Miguel Ángel , García‐Doval Ignacio 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleInformationen über Krankenhausaufnahmen wegen Hautkrankheiten beschränken sich auf Studien, die Aufnahmen in einzelnen Zentren, auf bestimmten Stationen oder nur für einige wenige Diagnosen erfassen. Aussagen zu Behandlungsergebnissen in unterschiedlichen Abteilungen fehlen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, Krankenhausaufnahmen wegen dermatologischer Krankheiten zu beschreiben.Patienten und MethodikQuerschnittsstudie über Krankenhausentlassungen in spanischen Krankenhäusern. Es wurde angenommen, dass die Entlassungsdiagnosen mit den Aufnahmediagnosen identisch sind.Ergebnisse519 440 Entlassungen (1,1 % der gesamten Entlassungen) wurden identifiziert. Die meisten Aufnahmen (60,1 %) erfolgten aus Notaufnahmen. Lediglich 7 % der Fälle wurden auf dermatologischen Stationen aufgenommen. Die häufigste Fallgruppe war Phlegmone und akute Lymphangitis. Das mediane Alter lag bei 57 Jahren und Männer waren häufiger betroffen. Die mediane Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts betrug vier Tage; 40 823 (7,9 %) Fälle erforderten eine Wiederaufnahme und 13 558 Patienten (2,6 %) verstarben im Krankenhaus. Nach Adjustierung (nach Alter, Geschlecht und Diagnosegruppe) war die Odds Ratio (OR) auf nichtdermatologischen Stationen für die Wiederaufnahme 1,49‐mal höher (95 %‐Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 1,42–1,57) und die Krankenhausverweildauer 0,22 Tage länger (95 %‐KI: 0,15–0,29), (p < 0,0001). Zwischen 2006 und 2016 gingen die Aufnahmen in den dermatologischen Abteilungen um 38 % zurück, während sie in den nichtdermatologischen Abteilungen um 8 % anstiegen.SchlussfolgerungenEine nicht zu vernachlässigende Anzahl von Patienten benötigt eine stationäre dermatologische Versorgung. Diese wird hauptsächlich von Nicht‐Dermatologen erbracht. Einige unserer Resultate deuten auf eine insgesamt bessere Versorgung durch Dermatologen hin.
Strukturierte diagnostische Abklärung eines Handekzems bei Reinigungsfachkräften
Authors: Jamiolkowski Dagmar , Steveling‐Klein Esther , Thomas Zita‐Rose Manjaly , Bircher Andreas , Hofmeier Kathrin Scherer , Hartmann Karin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungHandekzeme sind ein häufiges Problem in der Berufsgruppe der Reinigungsfachkräfte. Ursächlich dafür ist meistens eine Kombination aus Feuchtarbeit und Kontakt mit Irritanzien, die in einer irritativ‐toxischen Kontaktdermatitis resultieren kann. Sekundär oder auch primär treten allergische Kontaktekzeme auf. Dieser Mini‐Review stellt einen zweistufigen Abklärungsalgorithmus unter Anwendung des Epikutantests vor, der bei Verdacht auf ein allergisches Kontaktekzem bei Reinigungsfachkräften empfohlen wird. Dieser sieht im ersten Schritt eine Testung der DKG‐Standardreihe (Deutsche Kontaktallergie‐Gruppe, DKG), der DKG‐Gummireihe, der beiden erweiterten DKG‐Duftstoffreihen und der DKG‐Konservierungs‐ sowie Desinfektionsmittelreihe vor. Bei deutlichen Hinweisen auf einen berufsspezifischen Auslöser kann zudem schon hier eine Eigensubstanz‐Testung erwogen werden. Findet sich mittels standardisierter Testreihen kein auslösendes Allergen, raten wir (spätestens) im zweiten Schritt bei begründetem Verdacht zur Testung von eigenen Substanzen. Im zweiten Schritt können zudem positive Indikator‐Mixe aus dem ersten Schritt aufgeschlüsselt werden.
Anxiety in language teachers: Exploring the variety of perceptions with Q methodology
Authors: Fraschini Nicola , Park Hyunjin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe negative effects of anxiety on teachers' lives, classroom practice, and student learning have highlighted the importance of this emotion for the language teaching field. An understanding of anxiety in language teaching offers a means to explore how language teachers interact with their professional environment, also yielding important implications for teacher well‐being. This paper uses Q methodology to investigate Korean as a second language teachers' shared experiences related to anxiety in the language teaching profession, foregrounding different ways that language teachers interact with their professional environment, and exploring holistically participants' subjectivities. Results identified the presence of three major perspectives, representing types of teachers' individual responses to the interaction between their personal and professional goals and their working context—(1) work/life balance, (2) job performance and evaluation, (3) job security. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to research on classroom emotions and language institution practices.
Pectin recovery from apple pomace: physico‐chemical and functional variation based on methyl‐esterification
Authors: Naqash Farah , Masoodi F. A. , Gani Adil , Nazir Sadaf , Jhan Faiza 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study explored the valorisation of apple pomace by extracting pectin with both high and low degrees of esterification (DM). Two types of pectin were extracted with a DM of 43.29% being low methoxyl (LM) pectic polysaccharide and high methoxyl (HM) pectin with a DM of 65.88%. HM pectin was characterised by a WHC and OHC of 1.3 g g−1 and 0.4 g g−1, respectively, compared to 0.32 g g−1 and 0.14 g g−1, respectively, for LM pectic polysaccharide. HM pectin possessed greater purity indicated by 69.18% GalA, whereas LM pectic polysaccharide possessed 41.26% GalA. HM pectin revealed better functionality in terms of high emulsifying activity which was concentration‐dependent, and emulsion stability than LM pectic polysaccharide. The solubility of HM pectin was 90.8%, which is preferable for various industrial applications. LM pectic polysaccharide was characterised by a higher % radical‐scavenging activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. XRD analysis revealed LM pectic polysaccharide to possess higher crystallinity (53%) and SEM analysis revealed its surface to be rough and coarse.
Preparation and evaluation of protein‐based fat substitute on the stuffing properties of Chinese Dumpling
Authors: Cheng Tingting , Dong Fangxiang , Xiao Liqing , Hou Tao 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn the present study, a fat substitute with the protein complex of soy protein isolate (SPI) and egg white protein (EWP) was prepared. The suitable gel formation temperature was 95 °C; the gel formation temperature was found to increase with pH. The gel system with the lowest hardness and easiest microparticulation was identified at the optimal concentration of the protein blend (9.09%). Taking the water holding capacity (WHC), texture and rheological properties into account, the optimal proportion of SPI and EWP was 1:1 (w/w). The average size of the protein particles was 4.53 μm under the microparticulation condition of 10 000 rad min−1 for 3 min. The application of the microparticulate protein blend as a fat analogue in dumpling stuffing was studied and evaluated by sensory analysis, texture analysis, and chroma analysis. The best substitution ratio of the fat analogue was 5%. The fat substitute prepared in this study could be a candidate for healthy food.
Impacts of temperature on immune performance in a desert anuran (Anaxyrus punctatus)
Authors: Bakewell L. , Kelehear C. , Graham S.P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDesert species, especially ectotherms, experience temperature‐related challenges throughout their lives. Temperature affects many aspects of ectotherm physiology, including immune function. The goal of this study was to investigate how temperature affects the immune system of a common desert toad,Anaxyrus punctatus. We used three well‐known eco‐immunological techniques (bacterial lysis, hemagglutination and phytohaemagglutinin assays) to measure aspects of immune performance across temperature. Field and preferred temperatures were used to determine the temperatures utilized in the immunological assays. We found that temperature affects bactericidal and hemagglutination capacity in this species, but not inflammatory response. We also found that bactericidal and hemagglutination capacity are optimal at extremely high temperatures compared to the preferred temperature of this species or extremely low temperatures. These results have implications for disease management in desert amphibians as well as the vulnerability of this species to emerging infectious diseases.
Higher cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with smaller hematoma volume in mixed‐location intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Mangmang , Cheng Yajun , Zhang Shihong , Zhang Shuting , Song Quhong , Zheng Lukai , Liu Meng , Liu Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and hematoma volume in mixed‐location intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and non‐mixed ICH (hypertensive arteriopathy/cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐related ICH).MethodsWe consecutively collected patients with primary ICH with MRI. Mixed‐location ICH was defined as having ICH or cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in both lobar and deep regions. CSVD markers including lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), CMBs, and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) were assessed on brain MRI during hospitalization. Multivariable binary logistic regression (≥30 ml vs. <30 ml) and linear regression analyses (log‐transformed hematoma volume as dependent variable) were implemented to explore the association between CSVD and hematoma volume.ResultsOf the 167 included patients, 69 (41.3%) had mixed‐location ICH, with higher prevalence of lacune, more CMB count, higher WMH score and total CSVD score than those with non‐mixed ICH (all p < .001). Higher WMH score was associated with lower risk of hematoma volume ≥30 ml (adjusted OR 0.521, 95% CI 0.299–0.908, p = .021) in patients with mixed‐location ICH. Also, multivariable linear regression showed the association of smaller hematoma volume with higher CSVD burden, especially in mixed‐location ICH (β = −0.349, p = .019 for CMB ≥ 5; β = −0.183, p < .001 for WMH score; β = −0.456, p = .002 for EPVS>20 in basal ganglia and/or centrum semiovale; β = −0.256, p = .002 for CSVD score), while these relationships were not observed in non‐mixed ICH.ConclusionsHigher CSVD burden is associated with smaller hematoma volume in mixed‐location ICH, but not in non‐mixed ICH, which is novel and needs further studies with larger sample size to confirm our results and explore the underlying mechanisms.
How is the COVID-19 lockdown impacting the mental health of parents of school-age children in the UK? A cross-sectional online survey
Authors: El-Osta Austen , Alaa Aos , Webber Iman , Riboli Sasco Eva , Bagkeris Emmanouil , Millar Helen , Vidal-Hall Charlotte , Majeed Azeem 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveInvestigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on feelings of loneliness and social isolation in parents of school-age children.DesignCross-sectional online survey of parents of primary and secondary school-age children.SettingCommunity setting.Participants1214 parents of school-age children in the UK.MethodsAn online survey explored the impact of lockdown on the mental health of parents with school-age children, and in particular about feelings of social isolation and loneliness. Associations between the UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale (UCLATILS), the Direct Measure of Loneliness (DMOL) and the characteristics of the study participants were assessed using ordinal logistic regression models.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported measures of social isolation and loneliness using UCLATILS and DMOL.ResultsHalf of respondents felt they lacked companionship, 45% had feelings of being left out, 58% felt isolated and 46% felt lonely during the first 100 days of lockdown. The factors that were associated with higher levels of loneliness on UCLATILS were female gender, parenting a child with special needs, lack of a dedicated space for distance learning, disruption of sleep patterns and low levels of physical activity during the lockdown. Factors associated with a higher DMOL were female gender, single parenting, parenting a child with special needs, unemployment, low physical activity, lack of a dedicated study space and disruption of sleep patterns during the lockdown.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown has increased feelings of social isolation and loneliness among parents of school-age children. The sustained adoption of two modifiable health-seeking lifestyle behaviours (increased levels of physical activity and the maintenance of good sleep hygiene practices) wmay help reduce feelings of social isolation and loneliness during lockdown.
Participants’ and caregivers’ experiences of a multidisciplinary programme for healthy lifestyle change in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a qualitative, focus group study
Authors: Anderson Yvonne C , Wild Cervantée E K , Hofman Paul L , Cave Tami L , Taiapa Ken J , Domett Tania , Derraik José G B , Cutfield Wayne S , Grant Cameron C , Willing Esther J 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveChild and adolescent obesity continues to be a major health issue internationally. This study aims to understand the views and experiences of caregivers and participants in a child and adolescent multidisciplinary programme for healthy lifestyle change.DesignQualitative focus group study.SettingCommunity-based healthy lifestyle intervention programme in a mixed urban–rural region of Aotearoa/New Zealand.ParticipantsParents/caregivers (n=6) and children/adolescents (n=8) who participated in at least 6 months of an assessment and weekly session, family-based community intervention programme for children and adolescents affected by obesity.ResultsFindings covered participant experiences, healthy lifestyle changes due to participating in the programme, the delivery team, barriers to engagement and improvements. Across these domains, four key themes emerged from the focus groups for participants and their caregivers relating to their experience: knowledge-sharing, enabling a family to become self-determining in their process to achieve healthy lifestyle change; the importance of connectedness and a family-based programme; the sense of a collective journey and the importance of a nonjudgemental, respectful welcoming environment. Logistical challenges and recommendations for improvement were also identified.ConclusionsPolicymakers need to consider the experiences of participants alongside quantitative outcomes when informing multidisciplinary intervention programmes for children and adolescents affected by obesity.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR):12611000862943; Post-results.