bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paranoia and belief updating during a crisis
Authors: Suthaharan Praveen , Reed Erin , Leptourgos Pantelis , Kenney Joshua , Uddenberg Stefan , Mathys Christoph , Litman Leib , Robinson Jonathan , Moss Aaron , Taylor Jane , Groman Stephanie , Corlett Philip 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has made the world seem unpredictable. During such crises we can experience concerns that others might be against us, culminating perhaps in paranoid conspiracy theories. Here, we investigate paranoia and belief updating in an online sample (N=1,010) in the United States of America (U.S.A). We demonstrate the pandemic increased individuals’ self-rated paranoia and rendered their task-based belief updating more erratic. Local lockdown and reopening policies, as well as culture more broadly, markedly influenced participants’ belief-updating: an early and sustained lockdown rendered people’s belief updating less capricious. Masks are clearly an effective public health measure against COVID-19. However, state-mandated mask wearing increased paranoia and induced more erratic behaviour. Remarkably, this was most evident in those states where adherence to mask wearing rules was poor but where rule following is typically more common. This paranoia may explain the lack of compliance with this simple and effective countermeasure. Computational analyses of participant behaviour suggested that people with higher paranoia expected the task to be more unstable, but at the same time predicted more rewards. In a follow-up study we found people who were more paranoid endorsed conspiracies about mask-wearing and potential vaccines – again, mask attitude and conspiratorial beliefs were associated with erratic task behaviour and changed priors. Future public health responses to the pandemic might leverage these observations, mollifying paranoia and increasing adherence by tempering people’s expectations of other’s behaviour, and the environment more broadly, and reinforcing compliance.
Health Care Providers’ Attitudes Toward and Experiences Delivering Oral PrEP to Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Lanham Michele , Ridgeway Kathleen , Mireku Maryline , Nhamo Definate , Pillay Diantha , Murire Mercy , Stankevitz Kayla , Kyongo Jordan , Mullick Saiqa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: In Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe, oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at high risk of HIV. Health providers play a critical role in the uptake and effective use of sexual and reproductive health services; however, few published studies have explored providers’ attitudes toward and experiences delivering PrEP to AGYW.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study, interviewing 113 providers at 36 public, private, and nongovernmental health facilities in Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe that were offering PrEP during the research period or were likely to offer PrEP in the future. Data were coded in NVivo 11, and an applied thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Most providers preferred that adolescent girls wait until age 18 to have sex but acknowledged that many girls younger than 18 could benefit from oral PrEP. Their primary concern was whether adolescent girls would be able to take PrEP daily, especially if they do not tell their parents or partners they are using it. Providers reported that it was more challenging to deliver PrEP and other HIV services to girls younger than 18. Those with experience providing PrEP pointed to stigma and lack of PrEP awareness in communities as two primary barriers to PrEP uptake and use.Conclusions: Providers were generally accepting of oral PrEP as an HIV prevention option for AGYW; however, many had negative attitudes about adolescent girls being sexually active and concerns about whether they could take PrEP daily. Results were used to update national PrEP training materials to address negative provider attitudes about PrEP use by AGYW.
Circulating Immune Cell Populations Related to Primary Breast Cancer, Surgical Removal and Radiotherapy Revealed by Flow Cytometry Analysis
Authors: Cattin Sarah , Fellay Benoît , Calderoni Antonello , Christinat Alexandre , Negretti Laura , Biggiogero Maira , Badellino Alberto , Schneider Anne-Lise , Tsoutsou Pelagia , Pellanda Alessandra Franzetti , Rüegg Curzio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Advanced breast cancer (BC) impact immune cells in the blood but whether such effects may reflect the presence of early BC and its therapeutic management remains elusive. Methods: To address this question, we used multiparametric flow cytometry to analyse circulating leukocytes in patients with early BC (n=13) at time of diagnosis, after surgery and after adjuvant radiotherapy, compared to healthy individuals. Data were analysed using a minimally supervised approach based on FlowSOM algorithm and validated manually. Results: At time of diagnosis, BC patients have an increased frequency of CD117+ Granulocytic-Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (G-MDSC), which was significantly reduced after tumor removal. Adjuvant radiotherapy increased the frequency of CD45RO+ memory CD4+ T cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells. FlowSOM algorithm analysis revealed several unanticipated populations, including cells negative for all markers tested, CD11b+CD15low, CD3+CD4-CD8-, CD3+CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD8+CD127+CD45RO+ cells, associated with BC or radiotherapy. Conclusions: This study revealed changes in blood leukocytes associated with primary BC, surgical removal and adjuvant radiotherapy. Specifically, it identified increased levels of CD117+ G-MDSC, memory and regulatory CD4+ T cells as potential biomarkers of BC and radiotherapy, respectively. Importantly, the study demonstrates the value of unsupervised analysis of complex flow cytometry data to unravel new cell populations of potential clinical relevance.
Prevalence and Factors Predicting Preventable Trauma Induced Mortality
Authors: Hajian Abbas , Davoodabadi Abdoulhossein , Kashi Esmail Abdourrahim , Sehat Mojtaba , Mohammad Shahrzad Ale 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Trauma is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since the definition of preventable death has been described many studies, like current one, were conducted to evaluate this issue.Materials and Methods: This cohort retrospective study investigated archived medical files of trauma victims from 2017 to 2020 in a referral single-center trauma hospital. Registered demographic data, vital signs, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), timing of trauma and death, executed interventions, type and mechanism of trauma in addition to time errors, clinical mismanagements and missed injuries were extracted. Injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS) and probability of survival (Ps) based on TRISS method for each case were calculated. Eventually preventable and non-preventable death groups were compared.Results: Finally from the all 413 trauma victims 246(54.9%) files were enrolled. Victims aged from 18 to 95 years. Of all 189(76.8%) were males. Analysis manifested 135(54.9%) of all deaths were potentially and 2(0.08%) were certainly preventable; while the other 49.1% were non-preventable for expiration(p=0.001). Data showed that from all variables systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥80mmHg, respiratory rate (RR) ≥20 per minute, GCS ≥8, higher RTS, road traffic accidents and control of external bleeding were contribute to prediction of preventable trauma related mortality.Conclusion: This study implied on frequency of trauma related preventable death was regionally high and associated factors that could be lessen the number of these mortalities including of SBP, RR, GCS, RTS, mechanism of trauma and external bleeding of trauma patients should be paid more attention.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Tukey Control Chart for Radon Monitoring in Relation to the Seismic Activity
Authors: Mehmood Tahir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters, which cause damage on a huge scale not only to life but to property also. Radon is one of the precursory phenomena that exist in connection to the occurrence of earthquakes and may have potential in forecasting these hazards. The data set in this study contains the observations of radon from August 01, 2014, to January 31, 2015 collected in Sobra city, northern Pakistan. Weibull, Gamma, Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, and Pareto probability distribution were fitted over the radon on its original scale and a log scale. Log-logistic best fits the radon on both scales. Log-logistic based Tukey control charts suggest a central limit of 2465.459 Bq/m3 and upper control limit of 12704.080 Bq/m3 on the original radon data, while they suggest a central limit of 7.759, upper control limit of 11.080 and lower control limit of 4.524 on the log scale. The Tukey control charts reveal several anomalies that were compared with earthquake occurrence. There are five earthquakes that occurred during the same period as the radon monitoring program, having magnitude ranges between 4.9 5.5, with the ratio between strain radius and distance to the epicenter greater than or equal to 1. Among several radon anomalies exceeding the upper control limit, the five are identified as earthquake precursors. The results of this study demonstrate that for earthquakes, seismic events show a correlation with increasing concentrations of radon gas before their occurrence.
Impact of Permissive Hypoxia and Hyperoxia Avoidance on Clinical Outcomes in Septic Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Nishimoto Kota , Umegaki Takeshi , Ohira Sayaka , Soeda Takehiro , Anada Natsuki , Uba Takeo , Shoji Tomohiro , Kusunoki Munenori , Nakajima Yasufumi , Kamibayashi Takahiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Different ventilatory strategies may affect survival in septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In this retrospective before-and-after study, we examined the effects of permissive hypoxia and hyperoxia avoidance on mortality in mechanically ventilated adult (≥18 years) septic patients at a Japanese university hospital. In April 2017, our hospital’s mechanical ventilation policy changed from a conventional oxygenation target (SpO2: ≥96%.) to more conservative targets with permissive hypoxia (SpO2: 88-92% or PaO2: 60 mmHg) and hyperoxia avoidance (reduced oxygenation for PaO2 >110 mmHg). Patients were divided into a pre-change group (April 2015 to March 2017; n=83) or post-change group (April 2017 to March 2019; n=130). Using a multiple logistic regression model, we examined the association of the post-change group with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. The post-change group did not have a significantly lower adjusted ICU mortality (odds ratio: 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.43; P=0.31) than the pre-change group. However, there were significant differences in mechanical ventilation duration (pre-change: 11.0 days, post-change: 7.0 days; P=0.01) and ICU stay (pre-change: 11.0 days, post-change: 9.0 days; P=0.02). Although the new ventilation policy did not affect ICU mortality, the reductions in mechanical ventilation duration and ICU stay may improve patient turnover and ventilator access.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Far Lateral L5/S1 Disc Herniation With High Iliac Crest
Authors: Ding Qirui , Qin Haonan , Ma Cheng , Zhao Feng , Li He , Liu Lijia , Wei Yifan , Ren Yongxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) via a modified posterolateral approach on far lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH) at L5/S1 level with high iliac crest. Methods: This retrospective study recruited the patients diagnosed of FLLDH at L5/S1 level with high iliac crest and accepted PELD in our hospital from March 2016 to November 2019. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (M-JOA) scores were recorded before and after surgery. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values were recorded before and after operation. The incision length, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay and complications were observed. The excellent and good rate was calculated at final follow-up. Results: A total of 17 patients, including 10 males and 7 females, were screened and enrolled in this study. The mean incision length, operation duration, blood loss and hospital stays were 0.74±0.058 cm, 55.64±8.635 minutes, 27.42±4.936 ml, and 3.74±1.052 days, respectively. The postoperative VAS scores decreased, the ODI and M-JOA scores, and FA values of nerve root at affected side increased significantly (p＜0.05), compared with those at pre-operation, but no difference was observed among the postoperative scores (p＞0.05). The complications rate was 5.88% (1/17) and overall excellent and good rate was 94.12% (16/17) at the final follow-up. Conclusions: PELD via a modified posterolateral approach was an effective, minimally invasive and safe technique for FLLDH at L5/S1 level with high iliac crest.
In Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery, Is There a Difference in the Results of Repair Made With Single or Double Rows According to the Shape and Size of the Tear?
Authors: Karakus Ozgun , Karaman Ozgur , Sari Ahmet Sinan , Saygi Baransel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the results of patients applied with arthroscopic full layer total layer rotator cuff repair made according to the shape and size of the tear.Materials and MethodsThe study included a total of 120 patients applied with arthroscopic full layer rotator cuff repair as single or double row repair, comprising 69 (57.5%) females and 51 (42.5%) males. The patients were separated into 3 groups of 40 according to the shape of the tear, as Group A (crescent type), Group B (U type), and Group C (L type). Within each group, classification was made according to the size of the tear. The long-term postoperative functional results were compared between the groups. ResultsThe mean age of the whole sample was 66.68±6.86 years (range, 50-81 years). A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of Constant Murley (CM), ASES, and UCLA scores (p<0.05). The scores of Group A of all the scales were found to be higher than those of Group C (p<0.05). In single row and double row repair of small and medium-sized tears of all shapes, no significant difference was determined in respect of the CM and UCLA scores (p>0.05). In the large tears, no significant difference was determined between crescent and U-shaped tears in respect of the CM and UCLA scores (p>0.05).ConclusionsNo significant difference was determined between single and double row repair of crescent type tears of all sizes. In the repair of small and medium-sized U type tears, no significant difference was determined between single and double row repair in respect of the CM and UCLA scores. In large U-shaped tears, the CM, ASES, and UCLA scores were determined to be high in double row repair. No significant difference was determined between single and double row repair of L type small and medium-sized tears. In the large L -shaped tears, the results of the single row repair were found to be higher than those of the cases with double row repair.
Breastfeeding in Neonates During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Fang Xu , Zhuxiao Ren , Dongchi Zhao , Ming Yi , Jiayu Miao , Yang Jie , Zhichun Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo elucidate the current situation of breastfeeding in neonates in China and to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through the mother’s milk.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional surveySettingThree hundred and forty-four member hospitals of the Chinese Neonatologist Association network from 31 provinces in China.SampleNine hundred and fourteen neonatologistsMain outcome measuresThese included (1) breastfeeding practices in the obstetrics ward; (2) breastfeeding implementation for neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); (3) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the breast milk of COVID-19 positive mothers based on the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) test results.ResultsBreastfeeding was undermined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 344 hospitals, 153 (44.48%) centers received breast milk from milk banks to feed babies in NICU. Eight (2.33%) Level III centers performed SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests on breast milk from 15 mothers with COVID-19 and found no SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in breast milk. Moreover, none of the mothers engaged in breastfeeding. Further, only 52 (5.69%) neonatologists supported breastfeeding in mothers with COVID-19.ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, the benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers outweigh the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff should encourage breastfeeding, in keeping with normal infant feeding guidelines, and provide skilled support to all mothers who choose to breastfeed.
Step-By-Step Instructions For The Innovative Three-Port-Technique of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: How I Do It ？
Authors: dong zhiyong , Stier Christine , Chen Wenhui , Chong Tsz Hong , Yang Jingge , Parmar Chetan , Wang Cunchuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is considered a standard bariatric procedure, which is easy to perform. However, there are pitfalls to be aware of, because complications from the operation, on the other hand, pose great challenges. Methods We describe our innovative three-port-technique of LSG in a step-by-step instruction. To investigate the safety and efficacy, a retrospective evaluation and analysis was performed on consecutive 116 patients. For this purpose, the operation time, complication rates and weight loss were recorded.Results Mean BMI was 35.47 ± 4.53 kg Mean procedure duration was 90.13 ± 5.68 mins. Mean weight loss achieved was 11.57 ± 5.09 kg at first month; 19.75 ± 6.57 kg at third month; 26.85 ± 7.60 kg at sixth month, and 28.86 ± 11.23 kg at one year. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, no seriously complications were observed after 1, 3, 6 12 months follow-up. Conclusion LSG in this innovative three-port technique can be performed safely with a convincing outcome.
Exosomal miR-218-5p/miR-363-3p from Endothelial Progenitor Cells Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the P53/JMY Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ke Xiao , Yang Rongfeng , Wu Fang , Wang Xing , Liang Jiawen , Hu Xun , Hu Chengheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAccumulating evidence has shown that endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes (EPC-Exos) can ameliorate myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of EPC-Exos-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) on myocardial infarction (MI). MethodsA miRNA-Seq dataset of miRNAs differentially expressed between EPCs and exosomes was collected. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the miRNA expression indicated by miRNA-Seq. Immunofluorescence, cell proliferation and angiogenesis assays were employed to investigate the effects of miRNAs on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in vitro. Interactions between miRNAs and their respective targets were examined via immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assays. An MI rat model was constructed, and various staining and immunohistochemical assays were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the miRNA-mediated effects on MI. ResultsmiR-363-3p and miR-218-5p were enriched in EPC-Exos, and miR-218-5p and miR-363-3p mimic or inhibitor enhanced or suppressed CF proliferation and angiogenesis, respectively. miR-218-5p and miR-363-3p regulated P53 and junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY) by binding to the promoter region of P53 and the 3’ untranslated region of JMY. Additionally, treatment of CFs with exo-miR-218-5p or miR-363-3p mimic upregulated P53 and down-regulated JMY expression, promoted mesenchymal-endothelial transition and inhibited myocardial fibrosis. Administration of exosomes containing miR-218-5p mimic or miR-363-3p mimic ameliorated left coronary artery ligation-induced MI and restored myocardial tissue integrity in the MI model rats. ConclusionsIn summary, these results show that the protective ability of EPC-Exos against MI was mediated by the shuttled miR-218-5p or miR-363-3p via targeting of the P53/JMY signaling pathway.
Early Discrimination of Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Multicenter Prospective Study in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Xu Dan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Ailian , Zheng Jishan , Ye Mingwei , Li Fan , Qian Gencai , Shi Hongbo , Jin Xiaohong , Huang Lieping , Mei Jiangang , Mei Guohua , Xu Zhen , Fu Hong , Lin Jianjun , Ye Hongzhou , Zheng Yan , Hua Lingling , Yang Min , Tong Jiangmin , Chen Lingling , Yang Dehua , Zhou Yunlian , Li Huiwen , Lan Yinle , Xu Yulan , Feng Jinyan , Chen Xing , Gong Min , Chen Zhimin , Wang Yingshuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore potential predictors of RMPP in early stage.Study design: The prospective study, multicenter study was conducted in Zhejiang, China from May 1st, 2019 to January 31st, 2020. Children aged 29 days to 14 years old, with fever time during 48 to 120 hours were included. A total of 1428 children completed the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect patients’ information. Pharyngeal swab samples were collected. M. pneumoniae DNA in pharyngeal swab specimens were detected. Whether the patients develop to RMPP were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between clinical data and RMPP.Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 34 days to 13.9 years with a median 4.3 years. The positive rate of M. pneumoniae -DNA was 37.4% (534/1428), and 446 cases were Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). In MPP patients, 55 cases were RMPP (12.3%), others were general MPP (GMPP) patients (n=391, 87.7%). Only the peak body temperature before the first visit and LDH level in RMPP patients were higher than that in GMPP [39.6 (39.1-40.0) °C vs. 39.2 (38.9-39.7) °C, p=0.003, and 332.5 (278.8-392.1) U/L vs. 310.5 (259.0-358.8) U/L, p=0.024]. Logistic regression also only included the above two parameters in the prediction probability. The area under ROC curve of the prediction probability π of RMPP was 0.682 (95% CI, 0.593-0.771), P<0.01. The cut-off value was 0.12. Sensitivity and specificity of the prediction probability π in cut-off value was 0.64 and 0.70, respectively.Conclusions: AND RELEVANCE A prediction probability, calculating from the peak body temperature before the first visit and LDH level for early identifying RMPP from other MPP within 2-5 days of fever duration, with a cut-off value of 0.12 may be helpful in clinical practice.