bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Erosion and Accretion on Beach Profile in Kuala Terengganu Coastal Areas
Authors: Haron Narashid Rohayu , Arif Zakaria Muhammad , Amri Mohd Fazly , Faiz Pa’suya Muhammad , Talib Noorfatekah , Helmy Ariffin Effi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coastal erosion and accretion are long-term process that may cause changes in shoreline and beach profiles. Due to erosion and accretion effects, most of the coastal areas in Malaysia are suffering from destruction of property especially at the coastal areas in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the effects of erosion and accretion on beach profiles at four (4) coastal areas in Kuala Terengganu using remote sensing and GPS observation methods. The objectives include to derive the coastal erosion and accretion rate, to measure coastal elevation for beach slope angle calculation, and to determine the relationship between beach slope angle with coastal erosion and accretion. The erosion and accretion rate was derived from SPOT-5 satellite image and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In order to obtain the beach profile, the elevation with 50m offset for every chainage, and 5m offset for each cross-section point were carried out using real-time kinetic (RTK) observation methods. It was found that the highest and lowest erosion and accretion rates were 170.29 m²/year and 57.53 m²/year, respectively. The beach profile became steeper with the beach slope values of 11.004° and 7.652° at high and low erosion areas, respectively. The relationships between beach slope angle and coastal erosion/accretion were found as 0.12 and 0.86 respectively. The findings showed that steeper beach profiles influenced the high rate values of erosion and accretion. For more accurate findings, further studies on the factors affecting the erosion and accretion such as monsoon seasonal changes and morphological impact are necessary to support the reliable decision-making process for sustainable coastal management.
Assessment of Pleiades Satellite Image for Mangrove Family Classification
Authors: Aminah Anshah Siti , Nizam Rosli Sharul , Omar Hamdan , Talib Noorfatekah , Md Saad Nurhafiza , Diana Ghazali Mimi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Remote sensing technology is the most common method used in monitoring conservation and restoration at mangrove areas. This study aims to classify the mangrove family at Bagan Datuk, Perak, using object-based image analysis techniques based on Pleiades’ image with 0.63m spatial resolution obtained from the Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency (ARSM). The segmentation was done by choosing a suitable scale and merge level. Two classifiers namely support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to classify the mangrove family. The mangrove family map was produced from the higher accuracy of the classification. The results show that the overall accuracy of SVM is 63.81% (kappa = 0.55) while KNN is 59.83% (kappa = 0.50). In conclusion, SVM outperformed K-NN for mangrove family classification.
Urban building detection using object-based image analysis (OBIA) and machine learning (ML) algorithms
Authors: Norman Masayu , Mohd Shahar Hanani , Mohamad Zuraihan , Rahim Ashnita , Amri Mohd Fazly , Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri Helmi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The information on building features especially in the urban area is very important to support urban management and development. Nevertheless, the automated and transferable detection of building features is still challenging because of variations of the spatial and spectral characteristics to support urban building classification using remote sensing techniques. Most previous studies utilized high-resolution images to discriminate buildings from other land use in the urban area and indeed it involves a high cost to achieve that purpose. Consequently, this study utilized a medium resolution remote sensing image, Sentinel-2B with a 10-meter spatial resolution to classified the building in Selangor, Malaysia. In order to obtain a good classification accuracy, the suitable segmentation parameters (scale, shape and compactness) and features selection for building detection have been determined. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers have been applied to categorized five different classes which are water, forest, green area, building, and road. The result from these two classifiers was then have been compared and it is obviously showing that the SVM classifier is able to produce 20% better accuracy compared to the DT classifier, with 93% and kappa is 0.92. Thus, by enhancing the classification techniques in OBIA, building extraction accuracy using ML algorithms for medium resolution images can be improved and the expenses can be reduced as well.
A Three Decades Urban Growth Monitoring in Hadejia, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Gambo Jibrin , Ahmed Yusuf Yusuf , Zulhaidi bin Mohd Shafri Helmi , Salihu Lay Usman , Ahmed Abubakar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Overpopulation growth and urban center crowd became a global phenomenon which mainly cause urban growth in both developed and developing countries cities including Nigeria. Understanding the extent and pattern of such growth required spatial information as well as earth observation data that will be analyse on a temporal dimension. Remote sensing data and geospatial approach together with other auxiliary’s data were used to detect and monitor the spatio-temporal growth pattern and extent in the three decades of Hadejia town. The aim of this research is to understand how Hadejia town are spatial expand in terms of size and population between the years 1984-2019. Nevertheless, the spatio-temporal analysis over the three decades of 1984, 1999 and 2019 have been made. The research was carried out via remote sensing and geospatial method, satellite data were acquired across the region; atmospheric corrected using QUAC in Envi software; and also produced landuse landcover map. However, the research utilized object based image analysis (OBIA) for image classification and then built-up area were extracted in order to evaluate the urban expansion. The results indicate that the overall urban expansion occurred in between 1999 – 2019 with expansion of 566 hectares. Most of the changes happens along town major highway especial along interstate routes. The city has experienced an extreme growth geographically at East- Northern part due to plain terrain than Southern part because of present of river Hadejia.
Planted Forest Fire Burn Area and Impact Assessment Using Sentinel-2: Case Study of the University of Ilorin Teak Plantation
Authors: Idrees Mohammed O. , Babalola Folaranmi D , Omar Dahir M. , Yusuf Abdul-Ganiyu , Babalola Ayo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the locations, extent and the impact of forest fire in University of Ilorin Teak Plantation using pre- and post-fire Sentinel-2 level 1C products. First, the pre-fire image was classified into three classes: vegetation area, bare soil and water body, using supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood method) to distinguish between vegetation and non-vegetation areas. Then, from the post-fire image, the burn areas were detected and extracted using Normalized Burnt Ratio. With the burn area polygon, impact of the fire on the planted forest was determined by isolating the vegetation class within the classified map so estimating the number of teak trees affected through extrapolation of the burn area and the tree spacing grid of 3m. The classification result shows that vegetation land cover type accounted for about 419.7 ha (66 %) of the total area while bare soil and water body take 204.3 ha (32 %) and 12.9 ha (2 %), respectively. Also, the resulting classified map produced overall classification accuracy of 95 %. Impact assessment result reveals that a total number of 49156 tree stands were affected by the fire within burnt area of 54.8 ha (8.6%). Analysis of the estimation success rate using one of the burn areas as validation site yielded approximation in excess of 3% with 17621 counted and 18222 estimated. Planted forest management and planning has many phases; so, it is necessary to understand the current and future condition of what is being manage. The fire burn map derived from this study will assist the University teak plantation management team update its current management strategy to protect it from continuous exposure to fire. From fire management perspective, the list of planning activities that require future assessments include pruning preferences, replanting, commercial thinning, spacing of planted trees, and perimeter buffering.
Least Square Modification of Stokes Formulae with Additive Corrections Estimator for Klang Valley Geoid Modeling
Authors: Kieh Ming Tang , Mat Amin Zulkarnaini , Hassan Md Din Ami 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Klang Valley is a fast-growing area and its development shall be equivalent with precise measurements for a precise vertical reference. Thus, existing vertical reference with 3 centimetres (cm) is inadequate and processed with complicated remove-compute-restore (RCR) procedure. Apart from this, areas such as Klang Valley should better than one (1) centimetre level vertical reference. Meanwhile processing method for vertical reference should be simplified and easy tasking. Because of that, methodology for this study is by employing the least squares modification of Stokes formula with additive corrections (KTH). This approach fully uses anomalies rather than residuals which it is more complicated. At the same time, the additive corrections estimator introduced combining the direct and indirect computations method. Datasets used in this study were refined rigorously prior to the gridding scheme in cross validation, free air anomalies, as well as anomaly correction. The KTHKVGM2020 gravimetric and geometric geoid models are evaluated from the reference position using GNSS levelling. It found that KTHKVGM2020 Geoid model is better than one (1) centimetre for Klang Valley area with efficiency processing method. Therefore, the study is an essential in future to develop high-precision geoid model with efficient methods particular for urban and rapidly developing areas.
Effectiveness of lowering saturation on residual shear strength of sand stabilized with fly-ash
Authors: Simatupang M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The established cementitious compounds as the pozzolanic reaction product could significantly ameliorate the peak shear strength of stabilized sand with fly ash. However, the enhancement of its residual shear strength has not been known well. In this research, the effects of fly ash percentages, curing times, and saturations, on various compositions, on the shear strength of stabilized sand were observed through direct shear strength tests. The residual shear strength of stabilized sand with fly ash was compared with that of bare sand. The research found that stabilized sand’s shear strength increased with fly ash and curing time and decreased with saturation, both at peak and residual state. There is a significant improvement in the residual friction angle, even in a small fly ash percentage, by reducing saturation during the specimen preparation. The useful effect of fly ash bonding remained in the friction angle after the shearing occurrence, showing that the sand stabilization approach with fly ash was effective during and after shearing.
Landslide vulnerability assessment using gis and remote sensing techniques: a case study from Garut – Tasikmalaya road
Authors: Banuzaki A S , Ayu A K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Road constructions, especially in mountainous topographical features, have been noted responsible for the significant increase of landslide occurrences. In the Garut – Tasikmalaya Road, numerous landslides have been recorded causing enormous losses. This road has a very important role as the main transportation connector between two regencies in West Java; those are Garut and Tasikmalaya Regency. To deal and control such problems, spatial distributions of landslide vulnerability need to be analyzed. The aim of this study was to assess the widespread landslide vulnerability zones along the Garut – Tasikmalaya Road. The landslide triggering factors, i.e. topographic slope, land use, lithology, distance to geological structure and distance to stream, were spatially evaluated and integrated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and simple numerical rating method to determine the landslide vulnerability zones. The data of landslide triggering factors were derived from remote sensing data and processed using GIS technology. The data integration produced landslide vulnerability map along the Garut – Tasikmalaya Road, which delineates the research area into three zones of landslide vulnerability (high, moderate, and low). The landslide vulnerability map was validated using landslide inventory. The high vulnerability zones of landslide, that will affect the Garut – Tasikmalaya Road, are mainly located in the Salawu District.
Flood risk mapping of the Sukamahi Dam failure with overtopping scenario
Authors: Prakoso W G , Rahman B , Purwanti H , Irawan P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sukamahi dam at Cisukabirus river, part of the upper Ciliwung watershed, located at Bogor regency. Sukamahi dam was designed for flood reduction purposes, especially for the downstream region, e.g., City of Bogor, Bogor regency, City of Depok, and Jakarta. Sukamahi dam will give flood reduction 13.53 m3/s with probability exceeded 2 %, and time to concentration (tc) for peak discharge (Qp) at least 4 hours longer than existing condition. Despite providing the benefits of flood control, the construction of dams also has the potential to increase the risk, i. E if a dam fails due to overtopping. Based on the Sukamahi dam flood failure scenario, dam failure has the potential to occur if the bottom outlet ( tunnel) and spillway fail when flood discharge with a 1000 year return period or more occur. Modeling of Sukamahi dam failure using 2 D HEC-RAS with unsteady flow analysis from sta 0 + 000 to STA 8 + 500 produces a map of inundation area of 36.89 Ha. The flood flow velocity is reaching 8.43 m/sec with a maximum flood flow depth of 69.72 m.
Development of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to model the interaction of sand and water during liquefaction with bingham fluid model adaptation
Authors: Mahardima H , Bahsan E , Marthanty R R D R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a mesh-free numerical method that models the movement of particles in the Langrangian method. SPH method treats the domain as discrete particles instead of continuous entities, making it more accurate to model phenomenons that have a big deformation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the interaction between soil and water particles, based on the particle movements, density, pressure, internal forces, and external forces. This research continues the previous research of interaction between fluid-fluid particles in SPH by applying the Bingham fluid model to one type of fluid to represent coarse-grained soil particles. In the future, we hope this research can be further developed into a liquefaction prediction model by quantifying the main factors of liquefaction, such as the amplitude of shear strain, effective stress reduction, and excess pore water pressure.
Forced vibration test of pedestrian steel bridge using eccentric mass shaker
Authors: Rastandi J I , Pramesti K , Orientilize M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The dynamic test has been performed on Jembatan Teksas, Universitas Indonesia. The purpose of the test was to obtain the dynamic parameters, which are the natural frequencies, the mode shapes, and the damping ratio. The test was conducted by applied forced excitation using an eccentric mass shaker. The dynamic responses were recorded using accelerometers and vibrometer during forced vibration state and a free vibration state. A comparison study was conducted through the 3D finite element analysis using SAP2000. The test could obtain five mode shapes of the bridge and the damping ratio. Close results were found between FE analysis and the test result. The average damping ratio obtained was 1.72% which was within the range of welding steel structures according to reference. Compared to the test conducted in 2011 and 2013, the bridge is in good condition which is indicated by its natural frequency where the current test decrease less than 2%.
The different effect of cyclic loading protocol on spun pile performance
Authors: Orientilize M , Prakoso W A , Swastinitya A P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Numerical study to investigate the effect of various loading protocol to seismic performance of spun pile connection has been performed using OpenSees. Six loading protocols adopted in FEMA P440 were applied to three specimens. The study started with validation of FE model, and the model can closely simulate the experiment conducted by another researcher. The loading was presented in the form of a drift ratio, a number of cycles, and the rate of loading. It is found that different types of loading protocols affect seismic performance in terms of stiffness and strength degradation. Among six loading protocols, TP-01, as adopted in ACI 437.1R-07, give moderate results. Significant stiffness degradation was observed on hollow spun pile compare to those with concrete infill. It is found that the presence of concrete infill improves the strength of the spun pile connection by 45%. Increase the strength of concrete infill slightly improve the performance of spun pile.
The dynamic test of simple span precast prestressed concrete bridge with elastomeric bearing support
Authors: Rastandi J I , Putra Irwan Ade , Orientilize M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The dynamic test of an elevated freeway bridge in Surabaya has been conducted. Eccentric mass shaker succeeded to apply an excitement to the bridge and hence the dynamic parameters such as the mode shape, the natural frequency and the damping ratio were obtained. The two main mode shapes from the test were the first vertical mode and the first longitudinal mode. The average damping ratio attained is within the range of damping ratio of prestresses concrete where the average is 2.12% whereas the range is between 2-3%. The test results are closely represented by a 3D FE model using SAP2000 without modelling the whole foundation. The deviation of the natural frequency compared to the test results is 8.50%. The elastomeric bearing effectively reduces the acceleration from upper to the bottom structure by 54.62% and 60.22% obtained from two measurements.
Geological and geotechnical review of gas and mudflow area as mitigation efforts in the risk of failure on Toll Road Project, Banten
Authors: Sabbah A B , Kusumawardani R , Mayasari R , Kurniadhi R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The toll project in Banten shows that there is an area of gas burst at one of the locations. The embankment road passes through the gas burst. The geoelectric results that there is a silt/sandy soil layer and rock on the surface (10-20m), the second layer is soft silt to silt (20-40m), and then a rock layer. The second layer has gaps towards the first layer from the bottom layer, which is identified carrying gas and water, which is passed through the gaps to the surface. The seismic refraction also results that there are basins with gaps through the top and bottom of soil layers. The layer which indicates the gas and water carrier line is volcanic, sandy, forming a layer that has undergone deformation and partly a water-bearing layer (sand). The result of LEMIGAS explained that the gas bursts are also not methane that comes from the humus decomposition. The gas bursts are originated from depth and related to petroleum activity. The CO2 content is up to 97.87%, which is poisonous. However, the burst area is open, and the morphology is flat and does not form a cup, this gas spreads out so that the impact is not too pronounced.
Development of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for modeling movement of fluid layer interaction between impermeable soil layers with boundary conditions sloping surface
Authors: Wicaksana Y , Bahsan E , Rika R R D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction usually occurs on a saturated sand deposit when the pore water pressure increases during the earthquake, and the water level will rise that could even burst out above the liquefied layer. If there is a relatively impermeable soil layer above the liquefied one, then the water could be trapped between the liquefied soil and other layers on the top. This research tries to develop a numerical model to simulate the phenomenon using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. SPH is a numerical method based on particle interactions that initially developed to solve the problems in astrophysics. Two sets of particles are assigned to behave like water and impermeable soil, where the thin layer of water is placed between two layers of soil. The model is built using the Fortran programming language developed in the previous research to simulate the impermeable layer’s behavior by controlling the stiffness coefficient and coefficient of damping. The soil and water layers are aligned at specific angles to simulate the field’s sloping surface condition. The simulation results are presented in graphical animation using Gnuplot and visually checked that the particle’s movement could represent the field’s actual movements.
Analysis of liquefaction potential in Lolu Village, Palu using SPT method and laboratory test of grain size distribution
Authors: Rahayu W , Nurizkatilah  , Bahsan E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction is known to be a natural phenomenon where granular soil material from its solid to liquid form. One of its impacts is from an earthquake that occurred in Palu in September 2018. This research will conduct an analysis based on field test data of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and laboratory test data of Grain Size Distribution. Samples were taken from five different boreholes. The analysis will use the Idriss and Boulanger method, referring to the soil safety factor’s value to evaluate the liquefaction potential. For grain size analysis, evaluation of liquefaction potential is carried out referencing liquefaction based on grain grading of Tsuchida, the coefficient of uniformity, and the curvature of the liquefied soil. The results showed that liquefaction potential was found from 1 m depth to 20 m with N-SPT value ranging from 3 – 54 blows. On the other hand, analysis using a grain distribution test showed that soil at the location is dominated by sandy soil with fine-grained contents that can experience liquefaction.