bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chryseobacterium schmidteae sp. nov. a novel bacterial species isolated from planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Kangale Luis Johnson , Raoult Didier , Ghigo Eric , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarseille-P9602T is a Chryseobacterium-like strain that we isolated from planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and characterized by taxono-genomic approach. We found that Marseille-P9602T strain exhibits a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.76% with Chryseobacterium scophthalmum LMG 13028T strain, the closest phylogenetic neighbor. Marseille-P9602T strain was observed to be a yellowish-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, growing in aerobic conditions and belonging to the Flavobacteriaceae family. The major fatty acids detected are 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (57%), 15-methylhexadecenoic acid (18%) and 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (8%). Marseille-P9602 strain size was found from genome assembly to be of 4,271,905 bp, with a 35.5% G + C content. The highest values obtained for Ortho-ANI and dDDH were 91.67% and 44.60%, respectively. Thus, hereby we unravel that Marseille-P9602 strain is sufficiently different from other closed related species and can be classified as a novel bacterial species, for which we propose the name of Chryseobacterium schmidteae sp. nov. Type strain is Marseille-P9602T (= CSUR P9602T = CECT 30295T).
Assessment of closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis variants with different transmission success and in vitro infection dynamics
Authors: Abascal Estefanía , Genestet Charlotte , Valera Ana , Herranz Marta , Martinez-Lirola Miguel , Muñoz Patricia , Dumitrescu Oana , García de Viedma Darío 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhole genome sequencing (WGS) is able to differentiate closely relatedMycobacterium tuberculosisvariants within the same transmission cluster. Our aim was to evaluate if this higher discriminatory power may help identify and characterize more actively transmitted variants and understand the factors behind their success. We selected a robust MIRU-VNTR-defined cluster from Almería, Spain (22 cases throughout 2003–2019). WGS allowed discriminating, within the same epidemiological setting, between a successfully transmitted variant and seven closely related variants that did not lead to secondary cases, or were involved in self-limiting transmission (one single secondary case). Intramacrophagic growth of representative variants was evaluated in an in vitro infection model using U937 cells. Intramacrophage multiplication ratios (CFUs at Day 4/CFUs at Day 0) were higher for the actively transmitted variant (range 5.3–10.7) than for the unsuccessfully transmitted closely related variants (1.5–3.95). Two SNPs, mapping at the DNA binding domain of DnaA and atkdpD, were found to be specific of the successful variant.
Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction ameliorates Poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia
Authors: Luo Mingzhu , Fan Rong , Wang Xiaoming , Lu Junyu , Li Ping , Chu Wenbin , Hu Yonghe , Chen Xuewei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Gualou Xiebai Banxia (GLXBBX) decoction is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula that was first discussed in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In traditional Chinese medicine, GLXBBX is commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
Objective: The present study aimed to examine GLXBBX’s preventative capacity and elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of Poloxamer 407 (P407)-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.
Materials and methods: Both the control and model groups received pure water, and the test group also received a GLXBBX decoction. For each administration, 3 ml of the solution was administered orally. To establish hyperlipidemia, a solution mixed with 0.25 g/kg P407 dissolved in 0.9% normal saline was injected slowly into the abdominal cavity. At the end of the study, the rats’ plasma lipid levels were calculated using an automatic biochemical analyzer to evaluate the preventative capability of the GLXBBX decoction, and the serum and liver of the rats were collected.
Results: The GLXBBX decoction significantly improved P407-induced hyperlipidemia, including increased plasma triglycerides (TGs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation, and lipid accumulation. Moreover, GLXBBX decoction treatment increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mRNA expression of LPL. Furthermore, GLXBBX significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1).
Conclusion: GLXBBX significantly improved P407-induced hyperlipidemia, which may have been related to enhanced LPL activity, increased LPL mRNA expression, and decreased mRNA expression of SCD1.
Solar Orbiter’s first Venus flyby
Authors: Volwerk M. , Horbury T. S. , Woodham L. D. , Bale S. D. , Simon Wedlund C. , Schmid D. , Allen R. C. , Angelini V. , Baumjohann W. , Berger L. , Edberg N. J. T. , Evans V. , Hadid L. Z. , Ho G. C. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Magnes W. , Maksimovic M. , O’Brien H. , Steller M. B. , Rodriguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Scheingruber R. F. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The induced magnetosphere of Venus is caused by the interaction of the solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field with the exosphere and ionosphere of Venus. Solar Orbiter entered Venus’s magnetotail far downstream, > 70 Venus radii, of the planet and exited the magnetosphere over the north pole. This offered a unique view of the system over distances that had only been flown through before by three other missions, Mariner 10, Galileo, and BepiColombo.
Aims. In this study, we study the large-scale structure and activity of the induced magnetosphere as well as the high-frequency plasma waves both in the magnetosphere and in a limited region upstream of the planet where interaction with Venus’s exosphere is expected.
Methods. The large-scale structure of the magnetosphere was studied with low-pass filtered data and identified events are investigated with a minimum variance analysis as well as combined with plasma data. The high-frequency plasma waves were studied with spectral analysis.
Results. We find that Venus’s magnetotail is very active during the Solar Orbiter flyby. Structures such as flux ropes and reconnection sites were encountered, in addition to a strong overdraping of the magnetic field downstream of the bow shock and planet. High-frequency plasma waves (up to six times the local proton cyclotron frequency) are observed in the magnetotail, which are identified as Doppler-shifted proton cyclotron waves, whereas in the upstream solar wind, these waves appear just below the proton cyclotron frequency (as expected) but are very patchy. The bow shock is quasi-perpendicular, however, expected mirror mode activity is not found directly behind it; instead, there is strong cyclotron wave power. This is most likely caused by the relatively low plasma-β behind the bow shock. Much further downstream, magnetic hole or mirror mode structures are identified in the magnetosheath.
Vitamin C – neue Therapiemöglichkeit bei Sepsis?
Authors: Müller Stefan , Wiesmann Thomas , Wulf Hinnerk , Arndt Christian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Sepsis ist eine häufige und schwere Erkrankung mit vielfältigen pathophysiologischen Veränderungen. Wiederholt wurde versucht, mit neuen Therapieansätzen den Verlauf der Sepsis positiv zu beeinflussen. Als neue Therapieoption rückte in den letzten Jahren Vitamin C in den Fokus der Sepsisforschung. Ob Vitamin C diese Hoffnungen erfüllen kann, soll in diesem Beitrag erläutert werden.
Intraoperative Strategien für die Ein-Lungen-Ventilation
Authors: Bergmann Astrid , Schilling Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Management der Ein-Lungen-Ventilation (ELV) beinhaltet mehrere Herausforderungen. Diese umfassen die adäquate Oxygenierung und Ventilation und den Schutz der Lunge vor pathophysiologischen Noxen zur Vermeidung postoperativer pulmonaler Komplikationen. Während der ELV wird die Belüftung des zu operierenden Lungenflügels durch verschiedene Techniken unterbrochen, während die Perfusion in vermindertem Umfang erhalten bleibt. Das entsprechende Tidalvolumen (VT) wird somit lediglich einer Lunge zugeführt.Die derzeitigen Empfehlungen zur Aufrechterhaltung des Gasaustausches und die lungenprotektiven Maßnahmen können sich diametral widersprechen, wie z. B. die Applikation einer hohen vs. niedrigen inspiratorischen Sauerstofffraktion (FiO2) oder die eines hohen vs. niedrigen Atemzugvolumens. Angesichts der limitierten Evidenz beleuchtet diese Arbeit aktuelle intraoperative Strategien für die ELV, welche die Reduktion der FiO2, ein niedriges VT, die Applikation eines positiven endexspiratorischen Druckes (PEEP) in der ventilierten Lunge und eines kontinuierlichen positiven Atemwegsdruckes (CPAP) in der nicht ventilierten Lunge sowie alveoläre Rekrutierungsmanöver umfassen. Weitere Ansätze, wie die Wahl des Anästhesieverfahrens, die ischämische Präkonditionierung, das hämodynamische Management und die Volumentherapie sowie die postoperative Schmerztherapie können die lungenprotektiven Strategien unterstützen und das klinische Ergebnis
verbessern.
Beatmung in der Kinderanästhesie
Authors: Mertz Selinde 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungKindernarkosen haben ein deutlich höheres Risiko für Komplikationen im Vergleich zu Anästhesien bei Erwachsenen. 9% aller Narkosen pro Jahr werden bei Kindern durchgeführt. Die intraoperative Beatmung von Neugeborenen, Säuglingen und Kleinkindern verlangt vom Anästhesisten eine adäquate Erfahrung, sorgfältige Ausführung und Expertise beim Management der möglichen Komplikationen. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick.
A translatological and forensic-linguistic study of the English translation of the German Civil Code
Authors: Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince its promulgation in 1896, the German Civil Code, one of the most influential civil codes in the world, has been translated into English several times. Thanks to the Code’s jurisprudential quality, both its English translation and the translating process are of high value and offer various starting points for profound research. However, so far, there have been hardly any substantial studies of the Code’s English translation, neither from the comparative legal or forensic linguistic perspective nor from other angles. This paper attempts to make a substantive, interdisciplinary – i.e., forensic linguistic – content-related, and jurisprudential study of the Code’s English translation to address this research lacuna. To that end, it focuses on two aspects of the statute law’s provisions, i.e., respectively from the lexical and syntactic perspective.
Examining the transference of humorous expressions based on extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs) in comedy animations from English into Persian dubbed and subtitled versions
Authors: Sadeghpour Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study examines the degree of the adequate transference of humorous ECRs expressions in comedy animations from English into Persian dubbed and subtitled versions. It also identifies the most effective translation strategies for transferring humorous ECRs expressions in the Persian dubbed and subtitled versions. First, ECR-related humorous expressions were identified in the source texts, and later they were classified based on the classification of Nedergaard Larsen (1993, 211) for ECRs. Subsequently, the identified humorous ECRs expressions were compared with their equivalent Persian dubbed and subtitled versions to determine whether they were transferred adequately. To examine the employed translation strategies in transferring humorous ECRs expressions, the study opted for Pedersen’s (2011, 77–97) translation strategies for ECRs. The results showed that translators employed a target-oriented approach in the dubbed versions and a source-oriented approach in subtitled versions. However, both techniques could not retain the humorous criteria of the source texts. At the same time, the findings revealed that humorous ECRs expressions were transferred more adequately in the dubbed versions than the subtitled versions. Situational substitution and cultural substitution (by target culture ECR) strategies were the most effective translation strategies for dubbed versions. Similarly, situational substitution and generalization strategies were the most effective translation strategies for subtitled versions.
Calculation and benchmark of fluence-to-local skin equivalent dose coefficients for neutrons with FLUKA, MCNP, and GEANT4 Monte-Carlo codes
Authors: Frosio Thomas , Bertreix Philippe , Menaa Nabil , Thomas Samuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dose equivalent limits for single organs are recommended by the ICRP (International Commission for the Radiological Protection publication 103). These limits do not lend themselves to be measured. They are assessed by convoluting conversion factors with particle fluences. The Fluence-to-Dose conversion factors are tabulated in the ICRP literature. They allow assessing the organ dose of interest using numerical simulations. In particular, the literature lacks the knowledge of local skin equivalent dose (LSD) coefficients for neutrons. In this article, we compute such values for neutron energies ranging from 1 meV to 15 MeV. We use FLUKA, MCNP and GEANT4 Radiation transport Monte-Carlo simulation codes to perform the calculations. A comparison between these three codes is performed. These calculated values are important for radiation protection studies and radiotherapy applications.
Quantitative evaluation of conservatism in the concept of committed dose from internal exposure for radiation workers
Authors: Sasaki Michiya , Ogino Haruyuki , Hattori Takatoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For compliance with dose limits, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends that the committed dose be assigned to the year in which radionuclide intake occurred in the case of internal exposure. For radiation workers, the committed dose is evaluated over the 50 year period following the intake, which is a rounded value for the working-life expectancy of a young person entering the workforce. In this study, we develop an approach to the quantitative evaluation of the conservatism in the concept of the committed dose from internal exposure for radiation workers from the viewpoint of radiological risk. Actual annual doses due to an intake of radionuclides for strontium-90 (90Sr), caesium-137 (137Cs), and plutonium-239 (239Pu) were simulated. Risks of fatal cancer, i.e. unconditional death probability rates, were calculated in accordance with the risk estimation method in ICRP Publication 60. It was found that the conservatism ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 for 90Sr, 1.0 to 1.6 for 137Cs, and 1.6 to 2.2 for 239Pu. The importance of understanding the extent of this conservatism and the uncertainty for practical radiological protection are also discussed.
Direct observation of swap cooling in atom–ion collisions
Authors: Mahdian Amir , Krükow Artjom , Denschlag Johannes Hecker 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Collisions with cold particles can dissipate a hot particle’s energy and therefore can be exploited as a cooling mechanism. Kinetics teach us that cooling a particle down by several orders of magnitude typically takes many elastic collisions as each one only carries away a fraction of the collision energy. Recently, for a system comprising hot ions and cold atoms, a very fast cooling process has been suggested (Ravi et al 2012 Nat. Commun.
3 1126) where cooling over several orders of magnitude can occur in a single step. Namely, in a homo-nuclear atom–ion collision, an electron can resonantly hop from an ultracold atom onto the hot ion, converting the cold atom into a cold ion. Here, we demonstrate such swap cooling in a direct way as we experimentally observe how a single energetic ion loses energy in a cold atom cloud. In order to contrast swap cooling with sympathetic cooling, we perform the same measurements with a hetero-nuclear atom–ion system, for which swap cooling cannot take place, and indeed observe very different cooling dynamics. Ab initio numerical model calculations agree well with our measured data and corroborate our interpretations.
Scattering through a flexural trifurcated waveguide by varying the material properties
Authors: Afsar Haleem , Nawaz Rab , Yaseen Aqsa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents a dispersion analysis of flexural trifurcated dominants acoustic wave mode propagating out of the mouth of a semi-rigid waveguide. The problem mainly concerns the study of the scattering characteristics of the structure subject to different material properties. The governing non Sturm-Liouville problem is approached through eigenfunction expansions while equating the orthogonal and non-orthogonal duct modes across the interface. Due to the multiple non-planar surfaces, the essential difficulty of root findings versus the respective scattering relationships is accomplished by proper justification. The uniqueness of the solution is assured while considering connections clamped and pinned on bending surfaces. In addition, the energy fluxes for each region of the duct are formulated in terms of scattered fields to analyze the energy distribution subject to different properties of the waveguide material. The results are well supported for different mathematical and physical reasons.
Alpha particle driven Alfvénic instabilities in ITER post-disruption plasmas
Authors: Lier A. , Papp G. , Lauber Ph. W. , Embreus O. , Wilkie G.J. , Braun S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fusion-born alpha particles in ITER disruption simulations are investigated as a possible drive of Alfvénic instabilities. The ability of these waves to expel runaway electron (RE) seed particles is explored in the pursuit of a passive, inherent RE mitigation scenario. The spatiotemporal evolution of the alpha particle distribution during the disruption is calculated using the linearized Fokker–Planck solver CODION coupled to a fluid disruption simulation. These simulations are done in the limit of no alpha particle transport during the thermal quench, which can be seen as a most pessimistic situation where there is also no RE seed transport. Under these assumptions, the radial anisotropy of the resulting alpha population provides free energy to drive Alfvénic modes during the quench phase of the disruption. We use the linear gyrokinetic magnetohydrodynamic code LIGKA to calculate the Alfvén spectrum and find that the equilibrium is capable of sustaining a wide range of modes. The self-consistent evolution of the mode amplitudes and the alpha distribution is calculated utilizing the wave-particle interaction tool HAGIS. Intermediate mode number (n = 7–15, 22–26) toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes are shown to saturate at an amplitude of up to δB/B ≈ 0.1% in the spatial regimes crucial for RE seed formation. We find that the mode amplitudes are predicted to be sufficiently large to permit the possibility of significant radial transport of REs.
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging—fundamental estimation theory perspective
Authors: Kurdziałek Stanisław , Demkowicz-Dobrzański Rafał 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We provide a quantitative analysis of super-resolution imaging techniques which exploit temporal fluctuations of luminosity of the sources in order to beat the Rayleigh limit. We define an operationally justified resolution gain figure of merit, that allows us to connect the estimation theory concepts with the ones typically used in the imaging community, and derive fundamental resolution limits that scale at most as the fourth-root of the mean luminosity of the sources. We fine-tune and benchmark the performance of state-of-the-art methods, focusing on the cumulant-based image processing techniques (known under the common acronym stochastic optical fluctuation imaging), taking into account the impact of limited photon number and sampling time.
Computation of a 30750-bit binary field discrete logarithm
Authors: Granger Robert , Kleinjung Thorsten , Lenstra Arjen , Wesolowski Benjamin , Zumbrägel Jens 
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the computation of a discrete logarithm in the finite field

F

2

30750

\mathbb {F}_{2^{30750}}

, breaking by a large margin the previous record, which was set in January 2014 by a computation in

F

2

9234

\mathbb {F}_{2^{9234}}

. The present computation made essential use of the elimination step of the quasi-polynomial algorithm due to Granger, Kleinjung and Zumbrägel, and is the first large-scale experiment to truly test and successfully demonstrate its potential when applied recursively, which is when it leads to the stated complexity. It required the equivalent of about

2900
2900

core years on a single core of an Intel Xeon Ivy Bridge processor running at 2.6 GHz, which is comparable to the approximately

3100
3100

core years expended for the discrete logarithm record for prime fields, set in a field of bit-length

795
795

, and demonstrates just how much easier the problem is for this level of computational effort. In order to make the computation feasible we introduced several innovative techniques for the elimination of small degree irreducible elements, which meant that we avoided performing any costly Gröbner basis computations, in contrast to all previous records since early 2013. While such computations are crucial to the

L
(

1
4

+
o
(
1
)
)

L(\frac 1 4 + o(1))

complexity algorithms, they were simply too slow for our purposes. Finally, this computation should serve as a serious deterrent to cryptographers who are still proposing to rely on the discrete logarithm security of such finite fields in applications, despite the existence of two quasi-polynomial algorithms and the prospect of even faster algorithms being developed.
Huntingtin silencing delays onset and slows progression of Huntington’s disease: a biomarker study
Authors: Liu Hongshuai , Zhang Chuangchuang , Xu Jiadi , Jin Jing , Cheng Liam , Miao Xinyuan , Wu Qian , Wei Zhiliang , Liu Peiying , Lu Hanzhang , van Zijl Peter C M , Ross Christopher A , Hua Jun , Duan Wenzhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Huntington’s disease is a dominantly inherited, fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, coding for pathological mutant HTT protein (mHTT). Because of its gain-of-function mechanism and monogenic aetiology, strategies to lower HTT are being actively investigated as disease-modifying therapies. Most approaches are currently targeted at the manifest stage, where clinical outcomes are used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. However, as almost 50% of striatal volume has been lost at the time of onset of clinical manifest, it would be preferable to begin therapy in the premanifest period.
An unmet challenge is how to evaluate therapeutic efficacy before the presence of clinical symptoms as outcome measures. To address this, we aim to develop non-invasive sensitive biomarkers that provide insight into therapeutic efficacy in the premanifest stage of Huntington’s disease. In this study, we mapped the temporal trajectories of arteriolar cerebral blood volumes (CBVa) using inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy (iVASO) MRI in the heterozygous zQ175 mice, a full-length mHTT expressing and slowly progressing model with a premanifest period as in human Huntington’s disease.
Significantly elevated CBVa was evident in premanifest zQ175 mice prior to motor deficits and striatal atrophy, recapitulating altered CBVa in human premanifest Huntington’s disease. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-allele-specific HTT silencing in striatal neurons restored altered CBVa in premanifest zQ175 mice, delayed onset of striatal atrophy, and slowed the progression of motor phenotype and brain pathology.
This study—for the first time—shows that a non-invasive functional MRI measure detects therapeutic efficacy in the premanifest stage and demonstrates long-term benefits of a non-allele-selective HTT silencing treatment introduced in the premanifest Huntington’s disease.