bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perturbed Polynomial With Multiple Free‐Parameters Reconstructed WENO Schemes
Authors: Tao Yang , Xi Chen , Bo Wang , Zhao Qijun , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe classical WENO schemes perform well for most flow field simulations, they may encounter the ‘Cannikin Law’ trap, that is, the lowest accuracy order of the scheme may have a significant influence on the simulation. In this article, a novel WENO scheme (termed HPWENO) with improved convergence order is proposed to alleviate this issue. The research in this article is structured around three key steps: Firstly, the stencil is classified as either smooth stencil or non‐smooth stencil by using the classification strategy of the hybrid WENO scheme. Secondly, perturbed polynomial reconstruction with double free‐parameters is proposed. Finally, the new reconstruction coefficients containing multiple free‐parameters, built on the classical fifth‐order WENO schemes, are obtained by using the perturbed polynomial reconstruction. Compared to the fifth‐order WENO schemes, a maximum two‐order of accuracy improvement in candidate stencils and one‐order of accuracy improvement in global stencil can be achieved by adaptively adjusting the values of these free‐parameters, resulting in sixth‐order accuracy in global stencil and fifth‐order accuracy in candidate stencils. Compared to the classical fifth‐order WENO5‐Z scheme and the WENO‐AO(5,3) scheme, numerical examples show that the HPWENO schemes have higher convergence ratio, provide sharper solution profiles near discontinuities, and perform well in resolving small‐scale structures. Compared to the sixth‐order WENO‐CU6 scheme and the seventh‐order WENO7‐Z scheme, the proposed HPWENO schemes outperform the two schemes in resolving the small‐scale vortex of two‐dimensional issues, and it saves approximately 15% and 25% of computational resources, respectively.
Hydrochemical Characterisation and Genesis Mechanism of Li‐Rich Geothermal Waters in the High‐Temperature Geothermal Areas of Western Sichuan, China
Authors: Yuan Xingcheng , Zhang Yunhui , Huang Jinhang , Yang Shiming , Wang Ying , Wang Yangshuang , Zhang Ji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLithium (Li) is a valuable resource with significant economic benefits and strategic importance. The extraction of Li from Li‐rich geothermal fluids has low production costs and may be an essential source of Li in the future. The Li contents in the high‐temperature geothermal systems of western Sichuan are high (most exceeding 1 mg/L) and reach the exploration standard. However, the Li source and enrichment processes of high‐temperature geothermal fluids are not well known. Therefore, 30 groups of natural hot springs with Li ≥ 1 mg/L from Batang, Litang, and Kangding high‐temperature geothermal systems were selected to analyse the Li enrichment mechanism in high‐temperature geothermal water. The average exposed temperatures of Batang, Litang, and Kangding geothermal waters were 82.4°C, 53.7°C, and 61.9°C, respectively, and the hydrochemical types were HCO3‐Na. The average concentrations of Li in the geothermal waters of Batang, Litang, and Kangding were 2.32, 3.29, and 3.54 mg/L. Based on the δD and δ18O characteristics, the geothermal waters in the study area originated from meteoric water and snow‐melt water. Magmatic water was also mixed during circulation, with Kangding geothermal water being the most mixed (25.0%). Strong water–rock interactions occurred during geothermal water runoff ascent, including silicate mineral dissolution, geothermal gas dissolution, and cation exchange. The deep reservoir temperatures in the geothermal systems of Batang, Litang, and Kangding were estimated to be 239°C, 200°C, and 242°C, and the shallow reservoir temperatures were 175°C, 86°C, and 116°C. Finally, two Li enrichment mechanisms were proposed: (1) Li in the geothermal waters of Batang and Litang geothermal systems mainly came from the leaching of lepidolite and spodumene during water–rock interactions. (2) Li in the Kangding geothermal system mainly originated from the input of magmatic water. This research deepens the understanding of Li enrichment mechanisms in high‐temperature geothermal systems, which will be helpful for the exploration of geothermal Li resources.
Green Cities, Healthier Children: The Effect of Expanding Urban Green Space on Body Weight for Primary School Starters
Authors: Koebe Josefine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe discussion on tackling childhood obesity is often centered around fostering physical activity. A potential relationship yet overlooked could run from providing the proper environment for healthy lifestyles to reduced weight problems. A unique quasi‐experimental setting of transforming former airport grounds to a large urban green space allows me to apply a difference‐in‐differences approach within an intention‐to‐treat framework, comparing several weight outcomes of residential children to children living further away before and after park opening. I use new administrative data on the Berlin district level from mandatory school entrance examinations and provide robust evidence of a lower probability by 4.3% points for treated children to be overweight (BMI > 90 P.), driven entirely by girls, mainly by children from foreign cultural backgrounds and children with less childcare exposure. My results are robust to corrective methods of inference, including synthetic controls, and may open a new perspective for obesity policy action and prevention.
How Ideas About Context and Remapping Developed in Brooklyn
Authors: Kubie John L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn 1979, I joined Jim Ranck's group in Brooklyn and began recording hippocampal neurons. The first project was to record single neurons across three behaviors in different chambers: pellet retrieval on a radial‐arm maze, bar‐pressing for food reward in an operant chamber, and maternal pup‐retrieval in a large home box. We found spatial firing in all three chambers, with a single‐neuron's firing pattern unpredictable from one chamber to the next. We interpreted the spatial firing patterns as representing “context.” Later, in the 1980s, I began collaborating with Bob Muller (and Jim Ranck). In the first of a pair of 1987 papers, we used computerized data acquisition, recorded in simple, reduced environments to demonstrate robust, stable place cell firing and the characteristic features of firing fields. In the second paper we showed that when a rat is transferred from one environment to another, the set of place cells “remaps.” “Remapping” was defined later, in a pair of 1990 papers. “Context” was introduced in the early three‐behavior experiment but was not discussed in the 1987 papers. What is the true relationship between the biological observation of “remapping” and the psychological concept of “context”? This difficult question is addressed here and in more detail in our recent paper.
Regional anesthesia for clavicle fractures in emergency medicine: A scoping review
Authors: Su En‐Hsien , Chen Cheng‐Chien , Chen Kuo‐Chih , Chau Su Weng , Lee Yi‐Kung , Tsai Tou‐Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegional anesthesia (RA) has emerged as an alternative technique for managing pain from clavicle fractures in emergency medicine (EM). However, comprehensive data on how RA practices have evolved in EM are lacking.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to systematically review the characteristics of both published and unpublished research on the use of RA for clavicle fractures in EM.MethodsRelevant publications were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to September 2024. Studies focused on RA for clavicle fractures in EM were included. The study outcomes included geographic distribution, publication in EM journals, article type, study setting, specialties of RA providers, patient characteristics, and RA techniques used in clavicle fractures.ResultsEight eligible publications were included, comprising three reviews, three case reports, and two research articles. Overall, four RA techniques were documented in the EM literature: the superficial cervical plexus block, interscalene block, supraclavicular nerve block, and clavipectoral plane block. All research articles and case reports reported a reduction in pain scores following RA. Emergency physicians were the primary providers of RA. Most publications focused on the use of single‐shot ultrasound‐guided techniques with long‐acting regimens.ConclusionThis scoping review from reviews, research articles, and case reports highlights the effectiveness of RA for managing clavicle fractures in EM, although the literature remains limited. With the limitation of the scoping review, our findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis generating rather than definitive evidence of the effectiveness of RA for clavicle fracture management. Further prospective high‐quality studies are needed to support these findings.
Rapid Early Screening for Lymphedema Using Kinect
Authors: Noble Sneha , Gopalakrishnan Uma , Vijaykumar D. K. , Pathinarupothi Rahul Krishnan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) is the swelling that generally occurs in the arms and is caused by the removal of or damage to lymph nodes as a part of invasive cancer treatment. Treating it at the earliest possible stage is the best way to manage the condition and prevent the pain, recurrent infection, reduced mobility, and impaired function. Current approaches for lymphedema detection include physical examination with tape measurement, lymphoscintigraphy, and magnetic resonance lymphangiography. The tape measurement method requires high manual involvement and lacks standardization, and the imaging modalities are expensive, time‐consuming and involve the injection of a contrast agent. To overcome these challenges, we built and validated a noncontact volumetric measurement system called rapid early screening for lymphedema (RESLy) consisting of (a) noninvasive Kinect infrared sensor‐based imaging that captures and builds a 3D reconstructed model of the body, (b) an automated segmentation process for extracting the region of interest (ROI), and (c) the volumetric computation of lymphedema. By employing density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), which is a density‐based unsupervised learning algorithm, RESLy automatically segments out limbs from 3D maps, thereby streamlining automated measurements to be conducted quickly. The in‐lab calibration, testing, validation, and clinical deployment of RESLy among twelve patients in a tertiary cancer care department demonstrate that it is able to accurately identify limb volume differences with the least standard error of measurement, as well as identify lymphedema stages satisfactorily.
Lightweight Auxiliary Sports Training Quality Evaluation Based on Edge‐Cloud Collaboration
Authors: Li Aichen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoTs) technologies, it has become a challenge task to assist sports training using intelligent system in physical education. This paper establishes a lightweight assisted sports training quality evaluation system using edge‐cloud computing and AI technology to weaken this issue. First, the skeleton of person during sports training is captured by Kinect camera; then, the skeleton is represented as joint angle feature vector; lastly, the joint angle feature vector is sent to cloud server in which an ordinal regression forest is deployed. Compared with complex deep learning model, both skeletal joint angle feature extraction and ordinal regression forest need fewer computing resources, which can adapt limited resources in devices under IoT environment. On the other hand, ordinal regression forest can reflect the ordinal relationship between sports training quality levels to reach lower mean absolute error (MAE). The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed sports training quality evaluation system.
Efficacy of Various Dry Electrode‐Based ECG Sensors: A Review
Authors: Kumar Ghanshyam , Duggal Bhanu , Singh J. P. , Shrivastava Yash 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is crucial for detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monitoring cardiac health and activities using efficient, noninvasive, and cost‐effective techniques such as ECG can be vital for the early detection of different CVDs. Wet electrode‐based traditional ECG techniques come with unavoidable limitations of the altered quality of ECG signals caused by gel volatilization and unwanted noise followed by dermatitis. The limitation related to the wet electrodes for long‐term ECG monitoring in static and dynamic postures reminds us of the urgency of a suitable substitute. Dry electrodes promise long‐term ECG monitoring with the potential for significant noise reduction. This review discusses traditional and alternative techniques to record ECG in terms of meeting the efficient detection of CVDs by conducting a detailed analysis of different types of dry electrodes along with materials (substrate, support, matrix, and conductive part) used for fabrication, followed by the number of human subjects they have been used for validation. The degradation of these electrodes has also been discussed briefly. This review finds a need for more validation on a sufficient number of subjects and the issue of cost and noise hindering the commercialization of these dry electrodes.
The role of chloride in calcium precipitation from drinking groundwater
Authors: Ramírez Juárez Juan Ernesto , Villalobos de Alba Ángel Alfonso , Ramírez Rodríguez Roxana , Flores de la Torre Juan Armando , Baltazar Hernandez Víctor Hugo , Cervantes Francisco J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDChloride is present in many water sources. In addition, the use of hypochlorite as a disinfectant for drinking water increases its chloride concentration. However, the effect of this prevalent ion on Ca precipitation in drinking water is poorly described, and its effect, as a function of the Ca/Mg ratio, which drives Ca precipitation, has not been studied. Accordingly, Ca precipitation was studied using batch assays at different concentrations of chloride and hypochlorite for Ca/Mg ratios of 4.0 and 1.1. The assays were performed at 20 and 25 °C. Chemical speciation analysis was performed using Visual MINTEQ software, and precipitates derived from the process were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction.RESULTSCa precipitation was influenced by the Cl− concentration, causing an oversaturation of CaCO3 with a trend to a maximum. The highest Ca precipitation was achieved at a Ca/Mg ratio of 4.0, obtained at an initial Cl− concentration of 50 mg L−1, both at 20 and 25 °C. For a Ca/Mg ratio of 1.1, the highest precipitation occurred at initial Cl− concentrations of 10–15 mg L−1 at 20 °C and 20 mg L−1 at 25 °C. In ClO− experiments, Ca precipitation increases proportionally with hypochlorite dosage. Greater Ca precipitation is observed at Ca/Mg = 4.0 compared to Ca/Mg = 1.1. The proportion of aragonite or calcite in the precipitates obtained depends on the presence of Cl− and ClO− as well as on the Ca/Mg ratio.CONCLUSIONChloride affects Ca precipitation by oversaturation, and the precipitation of CaCO3 species depends on the concentration of Mg. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on 30‐day readmissions: A systematic review
Authors: Garrett Lindsey , Muhammad Adil , Kulshreshtha Ambar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe area deprivation index (ADI) is a measure of neighborhood disadvantage. It uses census‐level information to quantify a person's neighborhood deprivation level based on their address. Recent studies have used ADI to examine the relationship between a patient's address and various health outcomes, including 30‐day readmissions.ObjectiveThis systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of ADI on 30‐day readmissions for both medical and surgical conditions.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search in scientific databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from 2013 to 2024. Our search included terms related to ADI and 30‐day readmissions in adult populations in the United States. Studies were included if they utilized ADI as their primary exposure and examined the risk of readmissions within 30 days as an outcome. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed quality and biases in the studies.ResultsOf the 66 papers found through database search, 23 (35%) were included. These studies focused on conditions such as cardiac, diabetic, neurological, and pulmonary diseases, as well as postsurgical and septic patients, with three studies examining all patients in general. When examining the highest level of ADI, 15 (65%) studies (6 of which focused on postsurgical patients) found that high ADI (most disadvantaged) is significantly associated with 30‐day readmissions.ConclusionLiving in a high ADI area moderately impacts 30‐day readmissions, particularly for patients who have undergone surgery or have undifferentiated problems.
Valine Restriction Extends Survival in a Drosophila Model of Short‐Chain Enoyl‐CoA Hydratase 1 (ECHS1) Deficiency
Authors: Mele Sarah , Martelli Felipe , Barlow Christopher K. , Jefferies Grace , Dworkin Sebastian , Christodoulou John , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Piper Matthew D. W. , Johnson Travis K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTShort‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase 1 deficiency (ECHS1D) is a rare genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the ECHS1 gene. ECHS1D is characterised by severe neurological and physical impairment that often leads to childhood mortality. Therapies such as protein and single nutrient‐restricted diets show poor efficacy, whereas the development of new treatments is hindered by the low prevalence of the disorder and a lack of model systems for treatment testing. Here, we report on the establishment of a Drosophila model of ECHS1D. Flies carrying mutations in Echs1 (CG6543) were characterised for their physical and metabolic phenotypes, and dietary intervention to improve fly model health was explored. The Echs1 null larvae recapitulated human ECHS1D phenotypes including poor motor behaviour and early mortality and could be rescued by the expression of a human ECHS1 transgene. We observed that both restriction of valine in isolation, or all branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs—leucine, isoleucine and valine) together, extended larval survival, supporting the idea that reducing BCAA pathway catabolic flux is beneficial in this disorder. Further, metabolic profiling revealed substantial changes to carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that Echs1 loss causes widespread metabolic dysregulation beyond valine metabolism. The similarities between Drosophila and human ECHS1D suggest that the fly model is a valuable animal system in which to explore mechanisms of pathogenesis and novel treatment options for this disorder.
An Analytical Subthreshold I–V Model of SiC Double Gate JFETs
Authors: Li Yi , Zhou Tao , Guo Zixuan , Yang Yuqiu , Wu Junyao , Cai Huan , Wang Jun , Yin Jungang , Liu Qin , Deng Linfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSiC double gate (DG) junction field effect transistor (JFET) is promising for low‐noise and high‐temperature electronics. Existing studies indicate that JFETs can be considered a special case of MOSFETs when the oxide layer thickness approaches zero. In this article, we exploited the structural similarity between the DG JFETs and the DG MOSFETs. By obtaining the 2D Poisson's equation for the DG MOSFETs and deriving the limits, we developed a model for calculating the channel current of SiC DG JFETs in the subthreshold region. The model is derived from device physics, requiring no fitting parameters and offering relatively low computational complexity. The results indicate that, whether for enhancement mode or depletion mode JFETs, the calculated values of this model are in good agreement with the 2D numerical analysis results obtained from Silvaco Atlas. Moreover, for enhancement mode JFETs, even when significant short‐channel effects occur, the subthreshold current can still be well predicted. In addition, the model displays predictive capability for the depletion‐mode JFETs.
Planet‐friendly plates: the effect of a plant‐based diet on sustainable eating behavior in a sample of Turkish adults
Authors: Kenger Emre Batuhan , Özlü Karahan Tuğçe , Meral Koç Bilge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the health effects of plant‐based diets, their impact on the environment is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to assess the impact of adherence to a plant‐based diet on sustainable eating behaviors.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2122 Turkish adults, 73% female and 27% male. The plant‐based diet index (PDI), healthy plant‐based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant‐based diet index (uPDI) were obtained from a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After the index scores were calculated, the sample was divided into tertiles for each index. The sustainable eating behaviors of the participants were determined with the ‘Behaviors Scale towards Sustainable Nutrition’.ResultsThe PDI and hPDI levels of female participants were found to be higher than those of male participants. Factors such as age, exercise and educational status were also found to affect adherence to a plant‐based diet. In regression models, PDI (Model 1; β: 0.413, Model 2; β: 0.369, Model 3; β: 0.367) and hPDI (Model 1; β: 0.462, Model 2; β: 0.366, Model 3; β: 0. 351) scores had a positive effect on sustainable eating behavior scores, whereas uPDI (Model 1; β: −0.496, Model 2; β: −0.471, Model 3; β: −0.459) scores had a negative effect (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that individuals with higher adherence to overall plant‐based and healthy plant‐based diets exhibit more sustainable eating behaviors. Promoting healthy plant‐based diets presents a promising approach to advancing sustainable nutrition, and mitigating environmental challenges. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.