bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Study for Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging Application in Hepatic Metastasectomy
Authors: Ciarrocchi Esther , Saponaro Sara , Bartoli Francesco , Cataldi Angela Gabriella , Vitali Sara , Erba Paola Anna , Belcari Nicola 
Published: March 2021

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been recently proposed as a method to visualize surgical margins in the operating theater, immediately after resection, to allow refining surgery in a single procedure. Our group is preparing a pilot clinical study to evaluate the impact of CLI during hepatic metastasectomy, using 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC. Currently, we are optimizing the clinical protocol in terms of patient inclusion criteria, activity to inject, maximum allowed delay for imaging, and radiation monitoring. This paper describes a preliminary study we have performed to define the clinical protocol. The study is composed of two branches: 1) an in-vitro study to predict the typical signals and optical attenuation in the liver with 18F and 68Ga, 2) an analysis of clinical PET/CT data to determine typical values of relevant parameters, such as uptake and lesion dimension. The combined information by these two branches gives us an indication of the feasibility of CLI for margin assessment in liver metastasectomy. For 68Ga, we obtained detection limits ranging from 0.55 to 3.5 kBq/cc, to be compared with minimum and mean clinical uptakes of 1.6 and 7 kBq/cc, respectively. For 18F, the detection limits ranged from 12 to 145 kBq/cc, and the minimum and mean clinical uptakes were 5 and 11 kBq/cc, respectively. From these values, we expect CLI with 68Ga to be able to detect surgical margins in most patients, while with 18F the activities to inject for sufficient signal-to-noise ratio should be larger than standards, or the time delay between injection and imaging largely reduced. The results reported here can be useful also more in general, for studies dedicated to other CLI applications in the liver.
Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire
Authors: Schmalbach Ileana , Schmalbach Bjarne , Zenger Markus , Petrowski Katja , Beutel Manfred , Hilbert Anja , Brähler Elmar 
Published: March 2021

Background: The Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) is an economical way of assessing an individual's self-regulatory abilities regarding eating behavior. Such scales are needed in the German population; therefore, the purpose of the present study was the translation and validation of a German version of the SREBQ.Method: First, we conducted a pilot study (Study 1; N = 371) after the translation procedure. Second, we assessed the final scale in a representative sample of the German population (Sample 2; N = 2,483) and its underlying factor structure. Further, we tested for measurement invariance and evaluated the SREBQ's associations with related scales to explore convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, we considered differences in SREBQ based on sociodemographic variables and provided derived reference scores (norm values).Results: Factor analysis revealed deficiencies in the original model. Thus, we shortened the scale based on statistical considerations and the adapted version showed improved fit in Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability. We also found evidence for partial strict invariance, which means the measure is equivalent for the tested groups of age and gender. Item and scale psychometric properties of the shortened version were satisfactory. In terms of diagnostic validity, it was shown that individuals with higher body mass index (kg/m2) have worse self-regulation of eating behavior than those with lower.Conclusion: In sum, the SREBQ evidenced good validity and reliability and is suitable for application in medical, psychological, and nutritional research.
Garcinol Encapsulated Ph-Sensitive Biodegradable Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jacob Eden Mariam , Borah Ankita , Pillai Sindhu C. , Kumar D. Sakthi 
Published: March 2021

The emergence of pH-sensitive nanoscale particles is beneficial due to their ability to only release cargo in a colonic pH environment, which helps to directly target inflamed tissues in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hence, we have designed the formulation of pH-sensitive biodegradable garcinol (GAR)-loaded poly (lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) coated with Eudragit® S100 (ES100) (GAR-PLGA-ES100 nanoparticles (NPs)) for reducing inflammation caused by proinflammatory cytokines. The GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique and characterized for shape and surface morphology. An in vitro drug release study revealed the release of the drug specifically from NPs at the colonic pH of 7.4. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs was also evaluated and found to be highly biocompatible with CACO-2 cells. These NPs were able to reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α , chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) was observed after GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs treatment. Therefore, our results support the idea that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs show substantial improvement after the release of the drug, specifically in colonic pH targeting and reduction in the activation of inflammation that leads to IBD, suggesting that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs are promising candidates for oral delivery to colonic inflamed tissue.
A Research on Students’ Preferences for Mobile On-Screen Keyboard
Authors: Abdusselam Mustafa Serkan 
Published: March 2021

In recent years, growing technology has affected people’s communication. Not only speaking and listening but also writing has an important role in communication. Particularly, devices have changed and applications have varied thanks to spreading mobile hardware. The aim of this study is to explore the usage status and preferences of students for mobile on-screen keyboards. In this regard, 20 common keyboard programs offered for IOS and Android platforms were examined. A question pool including various items about the features of these programs was created for the survey to be used. The developed survey consists of 27 items, 26 of which are three-point Likert types and one of which is semi-structured type. During the study, 238 participants completed the survey. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the collected data, and participants’ preferences were determined. The results conclude that student mostly has used the keyboard for the WhatsApp application. While the most preferred features are local character support, frequently used words, voice message sending, vertical or horizontal usage, key response time, typing with swipe keyboard was the least preferred one by the participants.
The Development Process of a Coding Game Engine for Culture Transfer in Social Sciences Education: SIGUN
Authors: İneç Zekeriya Fatih 
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explain the development stages of an online coding application engine (SIGUN) according to the R2D2 instructional design model to support and develop cultural transfer in social sciences education and popularize the national culture. During the definition phase of R2D2, analyzes of needs, learner, task and content were made. In needs analysis, it was decided to develop a coding application that transfers national culture instead of transnational culture in coding education. In the analysis of learners, the coding skills of the students at different grades were examined through samples, and it was decided that SIGUN should be editable according to their developmental characteristics. It was planned to assign tasks to learners in task analysis and to fictionalize the tasks in the prototype through Dede Korkut stories in content analysis. In the design and development phase of R2D2, it was decided to create an online system choosing media and equipment. Subsequently, the design and development process of SIGUN was started creating a draft graphic design interface through determining the development environments. In this sense, a web-based coding engine was developed with various coding languages. The rapid prototype was analyzed for process evaluation as being equipped with national culture elements and thus, the final version was created. Due to its dynamic structure, SIGUNwas can be adapted for different developmental stages of children and popularized while transferring abstract and concrete cultural elements with animations.
Role of Commerce Education on Growing India’s Economy
Authors: Tabasum Heena , Venkatesh S 
Published: March 2021

Commerce education plays a very important role in economic growth. It is one of the keys which lead to success in all sectors of the economy. Commerce education has gained such importance because activities relating to commerce are also affected when the business cycle is going well. Through commerce education, students are exposed to the environment of the business world. It enables the importance of smearing economic ideologies while making business decisions. It makes them aware of social, economic, and political problems. Commerce outfits to the distribution trait of any business. Production must be consumed; there exists a suitable distribution channel to aid this consumption. And that is what commerce does by creating a market for surplus products. It has widened up the global market and has been similarly useful in hastening the practice of exchange in local markets around the globe. It is already established that good commerce plays a tremendous role in the economic development of the country. An attempt is made to analyze the role of commerce education in the growing economy of India.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RADIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF FACET JOINTS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
Authors: Krivoshein A. Ye. , Konev V. P. , Kolesov S. V. , Moskovsky S. N. 
Published: March 2021

Objective To study the radiologic characteristics of facet joints at different stages of the degenerative process in the lumbar spine to determine the indications for various methods of fixing the affected segment and to evaluate the results of treatment.Material and Methods To determine the radiologic aspects of facet joints in the affected area and in adjacent segments of the lumbar spine, two groups were formed, including 136 patients who underwent multispiral computed tomography in two-energy mode before surgery and 12 months after surgery. Group I included patients who underwent rigid fixation of the spine (360°), and group II included patients who underwent dynamic fixation using nitinol rods (180°).Results Based on a comprehensive instrumental study, it was found that the degeneration of the intervertebral disc according to Pfirrmann II and III revealed an increase in the density of the cartilaginous plate in facet joints (HU). These digital indicators confirm the preservation of joint functionality, both in the affected area and in adjacent segments. With severe degrees of disk degeneration in Pfirrmann IV and V and facet joints, deep pathological changes occurred, directed towards the loss of facet joints functionality.Conclusion The obtained digital indicators of dual-energy computed tomography for the state of facet joints in combination with the results of magnetic resonance imaging can be used as criteria in a complex of patient studies to assess the degree of degeneration of the vertebral motion segment in the affected area and adjacent segments. We recommend using these criteria as a diagnostic component for finding optimal methods of surgical treatment.
اعادة النظر في تمثيل الوحش: الجمالية الطوباوية في رواية فرانكشتاين في بغداد لأحمد السعداوي
Authors: Hassen Sabeeh Qasem , Ramazan Kiaee Dr. Hussein 
Published: March 2021

Monsters throughout history are always explained in terms of abjection, horror and something to be avoided in order that the system and regulation of society to be restored. Following the dynamic conception of contemporary utopia, the present paper aims at analyzing the monster or the violence in Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (FB) 2014 in terms of utopian site of hope, freedom and justice. It intends to show in what ways the issue of the “neo-Utopianism” or a desire for grand narratives is addressed in contemporary Iraqi fiction and why this issue is significant in post- postmodern thought. The paper revolves around post-traditional thinking of monster through investigating how a monster is related to a collective desire of hope for better roles in relation to the multiple societal crises. Other than an abject or “Other”, the value of creating such a monster is to introduce a new vision to the reader accomplished with the hope and salvation instead of the fragile spirit that comes from the postmodern failure and destruction. Within this conception the paper unfolds three routes that explicitly address a utopian desire: the body, the name and the aim or the message. The article, moreover, uncovers a new dimension of monstrosity in Iraqi literature which marks a shift from postmodernism to new era characterized by a utopian revival. The paper concludes that the monster is given a new voice and vision to be accepted in symbolic order unlike its traditional image in Gothic literature, one to speak about horror or monstrosity.
No Escaping Helium from 55 Cnc e*
Authors: Zhang Michael , Knutson Heather A. , Wang Lile , Dai Fei , Oklopcic Antonija , Hu Renyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We search for escaping helium from the hot super-Earth 55 Cnc e by taking high-resolution spectra of the 1083 nm line during two transits using Keck/NIRSPEC. We detect no helium absorption down to a 90% upper limit of 250 ppm in excess absorption or 0.27 mÅ in equivalent width. This corresponds to a mass-loss rate of less than ∼109 g s−1 assuming a Parker wind model with a plausible exosphere temperature of 5000–6000 K, although the precise constraint is heavily dependent on model assumptions. We consider both hydrogen- and helium-dominated atmospheric compositions and find similar bounds on the mass-loss rate in both scenarios. Our hydrodynamical models indicate that if a lightweight atmosphere exists on 55 Cnc e, our observations would have easily detected it. Together with the nondetection of Lyα absorption by Ehrenreich et al., our helium nondetection indicates that 55 Cnc e either never accreted a primordial atmosphere in the first place or lost its primordial atmosphere shortly after the dissipation of the gas disk.
An Extended Halo-based Group/Cluster Finder: Application to the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8
Authors: Yang Xiaohu , Xu Haojie , He Min , Gu Yizhou , Katsianis Antonios , Meng Jiacheng , Shi Feng , Zou Hu , Zhang Youcai , Liu Chengze , Wang Zhaoyu , Dong Fuyu , Lu Yi , Li Qingyang , Chen Yangyao , Wang Huiyuan , Mo Houjun , Fu Jian , Guo Hong , Leauthaud Alexie , Luo Yu , Zhang Jun , Zu Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We extend the halo-based group finder developed by Yang et al. (2005c) to use data simultaneously with either photometric or spectroscopic redshifts. A mock galaxy redshift survey constructed from a high-resolution N-body simulation is used to evaluate the performance of this extended group finder. For galaxies with magnitude z ≤ 21 and redshift 0 < z ≤ 1.0 in the DESI legacy imaging surveys (the Legacy Surveys), our group finder successfully identifies more than 60% of the members in about 90% of halos with mass ≳1012.5
h
−1
M
⊙. Detected groups with mass ≳1012.0
h
−1
M
⊙ have a purity (the fraction of true groups) greater than 90%. The halo mass assigned to each group has an uncertainty of about 0.2 dex at the high-mass end ≳1013.5
h
−1
M
⊙ and 0.45 dex at the low-mass end. Groups with more than 10 members have a redshift accuracy of ∼0.008. We apply this group finder to the Legacy Surveys DR8 and find 6.4 million groups with at least three members. About 500,000 of these groups have at least 10 members. The resulting catalog containing 3D coordinates, richness, halo masses, and total group luminosities is made publicly available.
Quenching Timescales of Dwarf Satellites around Milky Way–mass Hosts
Authors: Akins Hollis B. , Christensen Charlotte R. , Brooks Alyson M. , Munshi Ferah , Applebaum Elaad , Engelhardt Anna , Chamberland Lucas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Observations of the low-mass satellites in the Local Group have shown high fractions of gas-poor, quiescent galaxies relative to isolated dwarfs, implying that the host halo environment plays an important role in the quenching of dwarf galaxies. In this work, we present measurements of the quenched fractions and quenching timescales of dwarf satellite galaxies in the DC Justice League suite of four high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way–mass halos. We show that these simulations accurately reproduce the satellite luminosity functions of observed nearby galaxies, as well as the variation in satellite quenched fractions from M
* ∼ 105
M
⊙ to 1010
M
⊙. We then trace the histories of satellite galaxies back to z ∼ 15 and find that many satellites with M
* ∼ 106−108
M
⊙ quench within ∼2 Gyr of infall into the host halo, while others in the same mass range remain star-forming for as long as 5 Gyr. We show that this scatter can be explained by the satellite’s gas mass and the ram pressure it feels at infall. Finally, we identify a characteristic stellar mass scale of 108
M
⊙ above which infalling satellites are largely resistant to rapid environmental quenching.
Exact Semianalytical Calculation of Rotation Curves with Bekenstein–Milgrom Nonrelativistic MOND
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Betancort-Rijo J. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Astronomers derive MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) rotation curves using the simple algebraic rule of calculating the acceleration as equal to the Newtonian acceleration (a) divided by some factor μ(a). However, there are velocity differences between this simple rule and the calculation derived from more sophisticated MOND versions such as AQUAL or QMOND, created to expand MOND heuristic law and preserve the conservation of momentum, angular momentum, and energy, and follow the weak equivalence principle. Here we provide recipes based on Milgrom’s proposal to calculate semianalytically (without numerical simulations) MOND rotation curves for any density distribution based on AQUAL, applying it to different models of thin disks. The application of this formalism is equivalent to the creation of a fictitious phantom mass whose field may be used in a Newtonian way to calculate iteratively the MOND accelerations. In most cases, the differences between the application of the simple algebraic rule and the AQUAL-MOND calculations are small, ≲5%. However, the error of the algebraic solution is larger than 5% when more than half of the mass is in the MONDian regime (where Newtonian and MOND rotation speeds differ by more than 10%), reaching in some cases >70% discrepancy, such as in Maclaurin disks, representative of galaxies for which the rotational velocity rises to the edge of the disk as is seen in irregular galaxies. The slope of the rotation speed in the dependence with the radius or the vertical distance of the plane is also significantly changed.
Nuuk : un modèle groenlandais de métropole arctique ?
Authors: Escach Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Le Groenland a atteint une autonomie renforcée en 2008. Un processus constitutionnel et des perspectives de référendum rapprochent un peu plus la possibilité d’une future indépendance. Nuuk, chef-lieu de région en quête de centralité et de légitimité géographique, doit alors crédibiliser un potentiel statut de capitale. Une myriade de questionnements saisissent élus, chercheurs et urbanistes depuis une dizaine d’années. Comment concilier virage postcolonial, fantasmes arctiques et traditions inuites vernaculaires ? Est-il possible de réconcilier une ville multiculturelle avec l’esprit des anciennes communautés côtières ? Une étude des documents de marketing urbain et des projets urbains en devenir, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés en 2018 apportent des éléments de réponse, permettant l’identification de patterns urbanistiques singuliers.
La Finlande construit l’école du nouveau millénaire
Authors: Välijärvi Jouni 
Published: March 2021

Les municipalités ont joué un rôle essentiel dans l’organisation de la scolarisation en Finlande. L’éducation publique de base couvre 97 % des élèves. Cependant, jusqu’au milieu des années 1990, il revenait au gouvernement de compenser les grandes disparités de ressources entre territoires, de contrôler le curriculum et les programmes, et d’assurer la certification des enseignants. Depuis, le contrôle central a été réduit, notamment en fermant l’inspection académique. La Finlande n’a plus de système d’évaluation des élèves au niveau national. Après avoir été très bien notées dans les comparaisons internationales, les écoles finlandaises ont vu ces résultats s’affaiblir alors que les inégalités entre élèves augmentaient. Le pays s’attaque à ce problème en réformant le curriculum au niveau national et en initiant deux « forums », l’un sur l’école compréhensive et l’autre sur l’éducation des enseignants. L’article s’intéresse aux principaux objectifs et contenus de ces processus en cours.
La tourbe, les trolls et le marché. Thorshavn à Tórshavn, ou William Heinesen dans les limbes de la culture coloniale canonique
Authors: Pedersen Christian Bank 
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, je considère le statut de l’auteur féroïen William Heinesen (1900-1991) en relation avec la culture et la littérature (canoniques) danoises : ayant rédigé l’intégralité de son œuvre en danois, cet écrivain majeur scandinave du XXe siècle n’entre pas dans le Kulturkanon officialisé par le Ministère de la culture à Copenhague en 2006. Cependant, il appartient encore à l’histoire de la littérature danoise. Mais pour combien de temps ?Après une première partie consacrée au Canon culturel danois et aux liens entre le royaume du Danemark et ses « dépendances » nordiques depuis l’époque de la Réforme, j’étudie certains éléments décisifs de la dénationalisation culturelle et politique qu’entreprend William Heinesen dans son œuvre en prose. Ainsi, nous verrons en quoi la pensée de la localité universelle dans le travail de l’écrivain – tout aussi fièrement féroïen que résolument antinationaliste – se différencie du romantisme national danois actuel.