bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priorities for Future Research about Screen Use and Adolescent Mental Health:
A Participatory Prioritization Study
Authors: Juan Norha Vera San , Oram Sian , Pinfold Vanessa , Temple Rachel , Foye Una , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia , Hardt Selina , Abdinasir Kadra , Edbrooke-Childs Julian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to identify research priorities for future research on
screen use and adolescent mental health, from the perspectives of young people,
parents/carers, and teachers.

Methods
The study design was informed by the James Lind Alliance Priority
Setting Partnership approach. A three-stage consensus-based process of
consultation to identify research priorities using qualitative and
quantitative methods. Research was guided by a steering group comprising
researchers, third sector partners, clinicians, parents/carers and young
people. A Young People’s Advisory Group contributed at each stage.

Results
Initial steps generated 26 research questions of importance to children
and young people; these were ranked by 357 participants (229 children and
young people and 128 adults). Consensus was reached for the prioritization
of four topics for future research: (i) the impact of exposure to adult
content on young people’s mental health and relationships; (ii) the
relationship between screen use and the wellbeing of young people from
vulnerable groups; (iii) the impact of screen use on brain development; and
(iv) the relationship between screen use and sleep.
Additionally, young participants prioritized questions about online
bullying, advertisements targeting young people, and the relationship
between social media and specific mental health conditions. Research topics
of interest arising specifically during the pandemic included the effects on
adolescent mental health of exposure to constant news updates and online
racial bias, and how young people take part in activism online

Conclusion
These findings will enable researchers and funders to conduct research
that is needs-oriented and relevant to the target audience.

Key points and relevance of the study

▪
Evidence about the effects of screen use on adolescent
mental health is weak and has been driven by researchers and
technology developers.

▪
Young people, parents and teachers prioritized research
questions about exposure to adult content online; wellbeing
of vulnerable populations; impact of screen use on
development; and relation of screen use with sleep.

▪
Young people additionally prioritized research questions
related to social media and developing specific mental
disorders, online bullying, and companies exploiting
adolescents’ vulnerabilities (for example through targeted
publicity).

▪
Findings should inform calls for research and funding
allocation in order to develop evidence-based policy and
guidelines about screen use.
Across-area synchronization supports feature integration in working memory
Authors: Barbosa Joao , Babushkin Vahan , Temudo Ainsley , Sreenivasan Kartik K. , Compte Albert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWorking memory function is severely limited. One key limitation that constrains the ability to maintain multiple items in working memory simultaneously is so-called swap errors. These errors occur when an inaccurate response is in fact accurate relative to a non-target stimulus, reflecting the failure to maintain the appropriate association or “binding” between the features that define one object (e.g., color and location). The mechanisms underlying feature binding in working memory remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that features are bound in memory through synchrony across feature-specific neural assemblies. We built a biophysical neural network model composed of two one-dimensional attractor networks – one for color and one for location – simulating feature storage in different cortical areas. Within each area, gamma oscillations were induced during bump attractor activity through the interplay of fast recurrent excitation and slower feedback inhibition. As a result, different memorized items were held at different phases of the network’s oscillation. These two areas were then reciprocally connected via weak cortico-cortical excitation, accomplishing binding between color and location through the synchronization of pairs of bumps across the two areas. Encoding and decoding of color-location associations was accomplished through rate coding, overcoming a long-standing limitation of binding through synchrony. In some simulations, swap errors arose: “color bumps” abruptly changed their phase relationship with “location bumps”. This model, which leverages the explanatory power of similar attractor models, specifies a plausible mechanism for feature binding and makes specific predictions about swap errors that are testable at behavioral and neurophysiological levels.
Financial soundness of Islamic banks: does the structure of the board of directors matter?
Authors: Khalil Afef , Ben Slimene Imen 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the Board of Directors’ characteristics and their impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach
Regression analysis is applied to test the impact of the Board of Directors’ characteristics on the financial soundness of Islamic banks, using a panel data set of 67 Islamic banks covering 20 countries from 2005 to 2018. The Z-score indicator is used to evaluate the Islamic banks’ soundness. To check the robustness of the results, this paper uses other dependent variables (CAMEL) than the Z-score.

Findings
The main results show that the presence of an independent non-executive director negatively impacts the financial soundness of Islamic banks, while the chief executive officer duality practice has a positive effect on it. Other characteristics of the Board of Directors do not significantly impact the financial soundness of Islamic banks (foreign director, institutional director, chairman with a Shari’ah degree, interlocked chairman and the Board of Directors’ size).

Practical implications
This study aims to fill the gaps in the literature that discuss the Board of Directors’ role in corporate governance and its impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks. In other words, it shows the role played by the Board of Directors and improves the knowledge of the corporate governance-financial soundness relationship. Plus, managers, investors and regulators may gain evocative insights, particularly those looking to improve their Islamic banks’ soundness by restructuring their boards’ composition.

Originality/value
This study sheds new light on the literature on Islamic banking by clarifying the relationship between the Board of Directors and the financial soundness of Islamic banks. Contrary to previous research, this paper uses an additional hypothesis stating that a chairman with a Shari’ah degree (Fiqh Muamalt) has a positive impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks.
Pulling from the front or pushing from behind: how competency prioritisation should differ to optimise firm competitiveness
Authors: Lafuente Esteban , Vaillant Yancy 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to contrast the disparities in optimal competitiveness configurations across international economies. Additionally, we analyse the competitive efficiency across firms of different performance endowments to identify distinctions and determine whether standardised or customised competitiveness configurations are optimal.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a multilevel regression model to confirm country-specific effects followed by a non-parametric “Benefit-of-the-Doubt” (BoD) method to conduct an international comparison of the competitive efficiency of top- and poor-performing firms across eight European and Latin American economies.

Findings
Not only are national ecosystems significant differentiators of competitive efficiency, but contras firm-level characteristics also explain these differences. It is found that more recent start-ups tend to experience significantly greater competitive efficiency. However, by separating the top-performing firms from the poor performers in each economy, it is found that the configurational outputs that potentially contribute most to competitive efficiency are not necessarily the same; while “technology” is a key factor for driving the competitive efficiency of top-performing firms, “market” drivers are most essential for improving the competitive potential of poor performers.

Originality/value
The configurational outputs that potentially contribute most to competitive efficiency are not necessarily universal.
Thermal performance of parabolic-trough solar collector using double-population LBM with single-node/curved scheme and experimental evaluation on properties of SiO2-TiO2/EG nanofluid
Authors: Shariatifard Alireza , Hasani Malekshah Emad , Akbar Narges 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the effect of absorber’s geometry and operating fluid on the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of a solar collector. Two different profiles are proposed for the absorber which is wavy and flat. Also, the inner tube of HTF (i.e. heat transfer fluid) is considered as single and double. The solar collector is filled with hybrid nanofluid of SiO2-TiO2/ ethylene glycol (EG) which its thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are measured using KD2 Pro and Brookfield LVDV III Ultra; respectively, in the temperature range of 30°C to 80°C and nanoparticle concentration in the range of 1.5% to 3.5%.

Design/methodology/approach
Among the solar collector, the parabolic-trough solar collector is one of the most efficient models for extracting solar thermal power. A parabolic trough solar collector with two different models of absorbers and included with two models of inner HTF tube is proposed.

Findings
The corresponding regression equations are derived versus temperature and volume fraction and used in the numerical process. For the numerical process, the thermal lattice Boltzmann method manipulated with a single-node curved scheme is used. Also, in the final step, the second law analysis is carried out in local and volumetric forms. The influential factors are Rayleigh number, the concentration of hybrid nano-powder and the structure of absorber profile.

Originality/value
The originality of the present work is combining a modern numerical method (i.e. double-population lattice Boltzmann method) with experimental observation on characteristics of SiO2-TiO2/EG nanofluid to analyze the thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collector.
Real earnings manipulation surrounding mergers and acquisitions: the targets’ perspective
Authors: Elrazaz Tariq Zaglol , Elmassri Moataz , Ahmed Yousry 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether UK public targets manage their earnings using real activities manipulation in the period prior to the announcement of a mergers and acquisition (M&A). It also examines whether the payment method in M&As affects the degree to which takeover targets manipulate earnings.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 131 UK listed targets acquired over the period 1995–2013, this paper examines real earnings management (REM) by employing OLS regression models. The data related to deals have been mainly collected from Thomson One Banker and Thomson Reuters Eikon databases. REM is examined by investigating abnormal cash flow from operations, abnormal discretionary expenses and abnormal production costs. This analysis was supplemented by conducting additional robustness checks.

Findings
The results show that UK takeover targets manage earnings upwards through cutting discretionary expenses in the year prior to the acquisition, while they do not do so by manipulating sales or production costs. Moreover, targets of cash-only or mixed-payment deals do not have the same strong motivation to manage their earnings as stock-financed deal target counterparts do. Our results continue to hold after using alternative accrual earnings management (EM) measures, controlling for unobservable firm heterogeneity using the fixed-effect model and controlling for endogeneity using the two-stage Heckman (1979) model.

Practical implications
The main findings of this study could be beneficial for various parties involved M&As, such as standard setters and regulators. A need arises to improve disclosure rules and enhance overall financial reporting quality in the capital markets with the aim of reducing information asymmetry and agency conflicts.

Originality/value
As far as the literature on EM around M&As is concerned, only EM by acquirers has been examined, and not much attention has been paid to targets’ EM.
Evaluation and control of opinion polarization and disagreement: a review
Authors: Li Yuejiang , Zhao Hong 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the recent studies on opinion polarization and disagreement.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, recent advances in opinion polarization and disagreement and pay attention to how they are evaluated and controlled are reviewed.

Findings
In literature, three metrics: polarization, disagreement and polarization-disagreement index are usually adopted and there is a tradeoff between polarization and disagreement. Different strategies have been proposed in literature which can significantly control opinion polarization and disagreement based on these metrics.

Originality/value
This review is of crucial importance to summarize works on opinion polarization and disagreement and to the better understanding and control of them.
The Worker’s Rights Act 2019 of Mauritius: a critical assessment of its salient features and provisions
Authors: Mahadew Roopanand 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight and critically assess the salient features of the Worker’s Rights Act 2019 of Mauritius.

Design/methodology/approach
The various essential sections of the Act is assessed to underline the way they provide for an upgrade and progress in comparison with former labour legislation of Mauritius. The standards set by the International Labour Organisation are used as parameters to assess the salient features of the Act.

Findings
The new law puts the worker, as an individual human being, at the centre of the law and employment-related legal provisions have been designed accordingly. This law is an essential and much-needed shift from employer’s centred labour legislation to labour legislation that emphasises on rights of workers.

Practical implications
This study enables foreign and local employers and workers operating in Mauritius to understand and be acquainted with the new provisions on employment laws in force in the country.

Originality/value
This study is currently amongst the few available legal literatures on worker’s rights in Mauritius which adds to its originality. In addition, it is proposed as a building block on which further research on employment laws can be invited.
From nowhere to nowhere. Homelessness and incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bashir Ahmad Y. , Moloney Noreen , Elzain Musaab E. , Delaunois Isabelle , Sheikhi Ali , O'Donnell Patrick , Dunne Colum P. , Kelly Brendan D. , Gulati Gautam 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to review international literature systematically to estimate the prevalence of homelessness among incarcerated persons at the time of imprisonment and the time of discharge.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review methodology was used to identify quantitative observational studies that looked at the prevalence of homelessness at the time of imprisonment, or up to 30 days prior to that point (initial homelessness), and at the time of discharge from prisons. Studies reported in English from inception to 11 September 2019 were searched for using eight databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science and the Campbell Collaboration), in addition to grey literature. Studies were screened independently by three researchers. Results of studies meeting inclusion criteria were meta-analysed using a random effects model to generate pooled prevalence data.

Findings
A total of 18 out of 2,131 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies originated from the USA, Canada, UK, Ireland or Australia. The estimated prevalence of initial homelessness was 23.41% and at time of discharge was 29.94%. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies.

Originality/value
People in prisons are over twenty times more likely to be homeless than those in the general population. This is likely attributable to a range of health and social factors. Studies in this analysis suggest higher rates of homelessness in minority populations and among those with mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders. While there was significant heterogeneity among studies, the results highlight the global burden of this issue and a clear necessity for targeted interventions to address homelessness in this population.
The ecological footprint and environmental sustainability of students of a public university in Ghana: developing ecologically sustainable practices
Authors: Adjei Rita , Addaney Michael , Danquah Leslie 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to determine the impact of resource use behaviours of students of a public university in Ghana on ecological sustainability. It examines the land area required to provide the resources used and also to assimilate the wastes produced. It also suggests an effective way to initiate participative discussions on environmental sustainability and consequences of resource use in a university setting.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a mixed methods approach to gather and analyse data on students’ lifestyles concerning ecological footprint. The data was analysed using the Predictive Analytics Software and a modified version of the ecological footprint analysis (EFA).

Findings
The current ecological footprint of students in the university is not environmentally sustainable. The sample population had high average ecological footprint of 3.62 hectares, representing an ecological impact score of 135.85. The findings provide lessons on how universities and analogous institutions interested in sustainable practices could foster ecologically sustainable development.

Research limitations/implications
Additional data collection methods such as a longitudinal study would provide a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of resource use behaviour of students in a public university in Ghana on ecological sustainability.

Social implications
EFA and findings can support universities to effectively integrate sustainability practices into their policies and practices to help students contribute to making society more sustainable.

Originality/value
This is an original research and makes a contribution to EFA and sustainable practices of public universities in Ghana.
The structure of automotive nostalgia: a hedonic price analysis of classic car model value formation
Authors: Baltas George , Giakoumaki Christina 
Published: June 2021

PurposeFor several years, the classic car market has been attracting considerable media and public attention, but the research literature is virtually nonexistent. The purpose of this paper is to address the factors that determine the values of classic car models and explain the remarkable price differences among them.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops and tests a set of research hypotheses about the effects of model characteristics on market values in the context of a generalized hedonic price model that also accounts for heterogeneity among classic car brands.FindingsIt is demonstrated that classic car model values reside at several levels and are determined by observable characteristics pertaining to aesthetics, rarity, engineering and performance. In addition, we show that classic car marques play a critical role in the determination of model values and account for considerable variation in values, even after controlling for observable model attributesOriginality/valueThis is one of the first empirical studies to address classic car model value formation. The findings reveal how measurable, observable factors determine classic car model values and augment our understanding of a very interesting but understudied market.
Does financial system development, capital formation and economic growth induces trade diversification?
Authors: Amjed Sohail , Shah Iqtidar Ali 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate long-run and short-run relationships between trade diversification, financial system development, capital formation and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachARDL estimation approach is applied to analyze long-run and short-run relationships between the financial system development, capital formation, economic growth and trade diversification in case of the Sultanate of Oman over the period 39 years starting from 1979 till 2017.FindingsThe results show that financial system development and economic growth has a positive impact on trade diversification in the short-run and long-run. However, capital formation has a negative impact on trade diversification in the short run and long run. The negative relationship between trade diversification and capital formation implies that over the period of study, the investment in capital goods was made to enhance the production capacity of the oil sector to maximize revenue.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to analyze long-run and short-run relationship between the financial system development, capital formation and economic growth and trade diversification in case of Sultanate of Oman.Practical implicationsTo achieve the diversification goal, the policymakers need to formulate policies to strengthen the financial system and invest in infrastructure development to promote the non-oil sector. The research findings of this study will provide insights to the policymakers to formulate an effective diversification policy.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the short-run and long-run analysis of the selected variables in the context of an oil-dependent country.