bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of vagal innervation on the early development of postoperative ileus in mice
Authors: Brandlhuber Martina , Benhaqi Petra , Brandlhuber Bernhard , Koliogiannis Vanessa , Kasparek Michael S. , Mueller Mario H. , Kreis Martin E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) involves an intestinal inflammatory response that is modulated by afferent and efferent vagal activation. We aimed to identify the potential influence of the vagus nerve on POI by tracking central vagal activation and its role for peripheral inflammatory changes during the early hours after surgery.MethodsC57BL6 mice were vagotomized (V) 3–4 days prior to experiments, while control animals received sham vagotomy (SV). Subgroups underwent either laparotomy (sham operation; S‐POI) or laparotomy followed by standardized small bowel manipulation to induce postoperative ileus (POI). Three hours and 9 h later, respectively, a jejunal segment was harvested and infiltration of inflammatory cells in intestinal muscularis was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) avidin and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining. Moreover, the brain stem was harvested, and central nervous activation was investigated by Fos immunochemistry in both the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the area postrema (AP). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Key ResultsThree hour experiments revealed no significant differences between all experimental groups, except MPO staining: 3 h after abdominal surgery, there were significantly more MPO‐positive cells in vagotomized S‐POI animals compared to sham‐vagotomized S‐POI animals (26.7 ± 7.1 vs. 5.1 ± 2.4, p < 0.01). Nine hour postoperatively intramuscular mast cells (IMMC) were significantly decreased in the intestinal muscularis of V/POI animals compared to SV/POI animals (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 5.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), while MPO‐positive cells were increased in V/POI animals compared to SV/POI animals (713.2 ± 99.4 vs. 46.9 ± 5.8, p < 0.05). There were less Fos‐positive cells in the NTS of V/POI animals compared to SV/POI animals (64.7 ± 7.8 vs. 132.8 ± 23.9, p < 0.05) and more Fos‐positive cells in the AP of V/POI animals compared to SV/POI animals 9 h postoperatively (38.0 ± 2.0 vs. 13.7 ± 0.9, p < 0.001).Conclusions and InterferencesAfferent nerve signaling to the central nervous system during the development of early POI seems to be mediated mainly via the vagus nerve and to a lesser degree via systemic circulation. During the early hours of POI, the intestinal immune response may be attenuated by vagal modulation, suggesting interactions between the central nervous system and the intestine.
Intense orthodontic force induces the three dental pulp nitric oxide synthase isoforms and leads to orofacial discomfort in rats
Authors: Sobrinho José Edson Moreira , Aguiar Maria Thaynara , Machado Larissa Carvalho , Carlos Anna Clara Aragão Matos , Nunes Alves Ana Paula Negreiros , Mesquita Karine Cestaro , de Miranda Candeiro George Táccio , de Barros Silva Paulo Goberlânio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms influence during tooth movement with different forces.Settings and sample population100 male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were divided into a Sham group (animals not submitted to device installation nor Induced Toot Movement [ITM]), Negative Control Group (NCG) (animals submitted to device installation but not to ITM) and three experimental groups (F1, F2 and F3) (submitted to ITM with forces of 25, 50 and 100 gF respectively).Materials and methodsA daily count of biting and scratching on the vibrissae and the Grimace scale were applied. After 4 (D4) and 11 (D11) days, the molar diastema was measured, and the animals were euthanized for histological (vascular parameters) and immunohistochemistry (iNOS, eNOS and nNOS) in the dental pulp.ResultsOn D4, there was significant movement in the F3 group (P = .001) and on D11 in F1, F2 and F3 (P < .001). The number of bites (P < .001) and scratching (P = .006) was higher in F2‐F3, and F3 had higher Grimace scores (P < .001) and weight loss (P < .001). At D4, there was an increase in pulp ectasia in F2‐F3 (P = .021) and a reduction in the number of vessels in F3 (P = .005). In D4 and D11, there was a significant increase in immunostaining for iNOS and eNOS in F1 (P = .025 and P < .001 respectively) and F2 (P = .007 and P < .001 respectively). At D4, F2 and F3 showed higher immunostaining for nNOS (P = .027).ConclusionThus, IDM induced inflammatory changes in the dental pulp reflecting in force‐dependent pain/suffering signs.
Modified lyse and wait technique for the treatment of dialysis fistula thrombosis: Percutaneous thrombolytic therapy with a 27‐G dental needle
Authors: Ates Omer Faruk , Taydas Onur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe lyse and wait technique is a percutaneous endovascular technique in the treatment of thrombosed dialysis fistulas. In this study, our aim was to introduce a more easily applicable modification of the lyse and wait technique and present our results.MethodsA total of 84 patients (56 male; 66.6%), with a mean age of 61 years, were included in the study. The treatment was performed in patients presenting with dialysis fistula thrombosis no more than 1 week before the procedure, whose thrombosed segment length was less than 10 cm. A 27‐G dental needle was inserted into the thrombosed segment under ultrasonography guidance, and 5 mg of alteplase was injected in a controlled manner. After about 6 to 12 h, the patients were taken to the angiography unit, and balloon angioplasty was performed.ResultsThe technical and clinical success of the procedure was 98.8%. Technical and clinical failure occurred in only one patient. The median primary patency duration was 13.5 months. None of the patients had major complications. At the end of 12 months, the primary patency rate was 66.6%, and the secondary patency rate was 80%.ConclusionsOur technique has shown to have high technical and clinical success and patency.
Skin disease in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus): a retrospective study of 358 cases at a university veterinary teaching hospital (1988–2020)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Affolter Verena K. , Molinaro Annette M. , Depenbrock Sarah M. , Chigerwe Munashe , Heller Meera C. , Rowe Joan Dean 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundGoats are important worldwide as a source of milk, meat, fibre and hide, and as show animals and pets.Hypothesis/objectivesTo document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of skin disease in a referral hospital population.AnimalsCase population at a university veterinary teaching hospital.Methods and materialsRetrospective study by searching computerised medical records of goats seen between 1 January 1988 and 1 January 2021. Key words employed were “alopecia, caseous lymphadenitis,Chorioptes, dermatitis, dermatophyte, dermatophytosis, goat, lice, louse, mange, mite, pemphigus foliaceus,Psoroptes, ringworm, seborrhea, skin”ResultsOf 1,488 records reviewed, 358 (24%) goats had skin disease recorded. Seventy‐nine (22.1%) of 358 goats presented primarily for skin disease. The Nigerian Dwarf goat breed was at higher risk of developing skin disease (P < 0.0002). As goats aged, the odds for developing skin disease was higher [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07 per year, 95% confidence interval (1.04, 1.12)] as was the predilection for malignant skin tumours (P < 0.001). Sex was not associated with skin disease (P = 0.98). The most common clinical sign was exfoliative dermatitis, noted in 94 (26.4%) of 358 goats. The most common diagnoses were pediculosis, bacterial skin disease and squamous cell carcinoma. Less frequent diagnoses wereChorioptesspp. infestation, contagious ecthyma (orf), coronitis/interdigital dermatitis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis,Psoroptesspp. infestation, dermatophilosis and pemphigus foliaceus.Conclusions and clinical importanceSkin diseases are common in goats. Nigerian Dwarf goats and older goats are at greater risk of developing skin disease; Nigerian Dwarf goats had a predilection for malignant skin tumours. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination in goats regardless of the reason for presentation.
Retrospective evaluation of red blood cell distribution width as a prognostic factor in critically ill dogs (December 2016 to April 2017): 127 cas
Authors: Garcia‐Arce Marta , Gow Adam G. , Handel Ian , Ngoi Waiyin , Thomas Emily 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between RBC distribution width (RDW) and in‐hospital mortality, length of hospitalization, and leukocyte count in critically ill dogs.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐seven dogs admitted to the ICU from December 2016 to April 2017. Patients were included if they had a CBC performed within the first 24 h of admission.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 29% (37/127), and median length of hospital stay was 3 days (interquartile range [IQR], 5). The median RDW value was 13.8% (IQR, 1.6%; reference interval, 11.9%–14.5 %). The canine Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE) fast score was calculated in 81 of 127 (64%) patients; the median score was 24/50 (IQR, 9). There was no significant correlation between RDW and APPLE fast score (P = 0.163). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the following diagnostic categories: abdominal (36%; 46/127), hematological (13%; 16/127), respiratory (13%; 16/127), neurological (12%; 15/127), cardiovascular (11%; 14/127), integument (3%; 4/127), trauma (3%; 4/127), musculoskeletal (2%; 3/127), and others (7%; 9/127). Increased RDW was not associated with in‐hospital mortality overall (P = 0.381) or in any individual subgroup analysis. No association was found between length of hospitalization and RDW values in either survivors (P = 0.548) or nonsurvivors (P = 0.083). The correlation between RDW and leukocyte count was nonsignificant (P = 0.12).ConclusionsIn this study, admission RDW was not associated with in‐hospital mortality or length of hospitalization in critically ill dogs. The correlation between RDW and leukocyte count was nonsignificant.
Routine donor red cell antibody screening: Considering the alternate strategy
Authors: Sivakaanthan Aarany , Hollands Sarah , Powley Tanya , Ismay Sue , Daly James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAustralian Red Cross Lifeblood (Lifeblood) performs red blood cell (RBC) antibody screening on every whole blood donation. An alternate strategy has been proposed whereby an antibody screen is performed on the first donation and only repeated following pregnancy, transfusion or a significant break between donations (>2 years). We assess the blood safety risks associated with removing antibody screening for every whole blood donation.Materials and MethodsA retrospective desktop analysis included all whole blood donations collected by Lifeblood between 01 May 2018 and 30 April 2019 to quantify the antibodies that would have been undetected with the alternate strategy. The strategy was further assessed using the Alliance of Blood Operators Risk‐Based Decision‐Making framework.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐one routine donors had antibodies for the first time, but reported no sensitizing event since their last donation. Forty‐seven of these had antibodies of a clinically significant specificity and titre that have the potential to cause a haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). The calculated risk of undetected antibodies being transfused to an incompatible recipient is 1 in 82,200.ConclusionThe estimated risk of HTRs with the alternate strategy results in an increased risk. While the alternate strategy is identified as the most cost‐effective option within the Australian setting, this additional residual risk was not deemed to be acceptable. Blood services would need to determine whether the increase in residual risk stemming from implementation of such a strategy is tolerable.
Comparative Performance Analysis of  Selected Routing Algorithms by Load Variation of 2-Dimensional Mesh Topology Based  Network-On-Chip
Authors: Saliu Mohammed Shaba , Omuya Momoh Muyideen , Uchenna Chinedu Pascal , Nwankwo Wilson , Daniel Aliu 
Published: December 2021

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been proposed as a viable solution to the communication challenges on System-on-Chips (SoCs). As the communication paradigm of SoC, NoCs performance depends mainly on the type of routing algorithm chosen. In this paper different categories of routing algorithms were compared. These include XY routing, OE turn model adaptive routing, DyAD routing and Age-Aware adaptive routing. By varying the load at different Packet Injection Rate (PIR) under random traffic pattern, comparison was conducted using a 4 × 4 mesh topology. The Noxim simulator, a cycle accurate systemC based simulator was employed. The packets were modeled as a Poisson distribution; first-in-first-out (FIFO) input buffer channel with a depth of five (5) flits and a flit size of 32 bits; and a packet size of 3 flits respectively. The simulation time was 10,000 cycles. The findings showed that the XY routing algorithm performed better when the PIR is low. In a similar vein, the DyAD routing and Age-aware algorithms performed better when the load i.e. PIR is high.
The 3+1 formalism in teleparallel and symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Finch Andrew , Said Jackson Levi , Magro Alessio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTeleparallel and symmetric teleparallel gravity offer platforms in which gravity can be formulated in interesting geometric approaches, respectively given by torsion and nonmetricity. In this vein, general relativity can be expressed in three dynamically equivalent ways which may offer insights into the different properties of these decompositions such as their Hamiltonian structure, the efficiency of numerical analyses, as well as the classification of gravitational field degrees of freedom. In this work, we take a $$3+1$$

3
+
1

decomposition of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity and the symmetric teleparallel equivalent of general relativity which are both dynamically equivalent to curvature based general relativity. By splitting the spacetime metric and corresponding tetrad into their spatial and temporal parts as well as through finding the Gauss-like equations, it is possible to set up a general foundation for the different formulations of gravity. Based on these results, general 3-tetrad and 3-metric evolution equations are derived. Finally through the choice of the two respective connections, the metric $$3+1$$

3
+
1

formulation for general relativity is recovered as well as the tetrad $$3+1$$

3
+
1

formulation of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity and the metric $$3+1$$

3
+
1

formulation of symmetric teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. The approach is capable, in principle, of resolving common features of the various formulations of general relativity at a fundamental level and pointing out characteristics that extensions and alternatives to the various formulations can present.
Running axial mass of the nucleon as a phenomenological tool for calculating quasielastic neutrino–nucleus cross sections
Authors: Kakorin Igor D. , Kuzmin Konstantin S. , Naumov Vadim A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe suggest an empirical rule-of-thumb for calculating the cross sections of charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) and CCQE-like interactions of neutrinos and antineutrinos with nuclei. The approach is based on the standard relativistic Fermi-gas model and on the notion of neutrino energy dependent axial-vector mass of the nucleon, governed by a couple of adjustable parameters, one of which is the conventional charged-current axial-vector mass. The inelastic background contributions and final-state interactions are therewith simulated usingGENIE 3neutrino event generator. An extensive comparison of our calculations with earlier and current accelerator CCQE and CCQE-like data for different nuclear targets shows good or at least qualitative overall agreement over a wide energy range. We also discuss some problematical issues common to several competing contemporary models of the CCQE (anti)neutrino–nucleus scattering and to the current neutrino interaction generators.
Effect of thermochemical treatments on laser-induced luminescence spectra from strontium titanate: comparison with swift ion-beam irradiation experiments
Authors: Crespillo M. L. , Graham J. T. , Agulló-López F. , Zhang Y. , Weber W. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResults recently reported on the effect of thermochemical treatments on the (He-Cd) laser-excited emission spectra of strontium titanate (STO) are re-analyzed here and compared with results obtained under ion-beam irradiation. Contributing bands centered at 2.4 eV and 2.8 eV, which appear under laser excitation, present intensities dependent upon previous thermal treatments in oxidizing (O2) or reducing atmosphere (H2). As a key result, the emission band centered at 2.8 eV is clearly enhanced in samples exposed to a reducing atmosphere. From a comparison with the ionoluminescence data, it is concluded that the laser-excited experiments can be rationalized within a framework developed from ion-beam excitation studies. In particular, the band at 2.8 eV, sometimes attributed to oxygen vacancies, behaves as expected for optical transitions from conduction-band (CB) states to the ground state level of the self-trapped exciton center. The band at 2.0 eV reported in ion-beam irradiated STO, and attributed to oxygen vacancies, is not observed in laser-excited crystals. As a consequence of our analysis, a consistent scheme of electronic energy levels and optical transitions can now be reliably offered for strontium titanate.
Graphical abstract
New characterizations of S-coherent rings
Authors: Qi Wei , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce and study the class [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML of [Formula: see text]-Mittag-Leffler modules with respect to all flat modules. We show that a ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coherent if and only if every ideal is in [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML, if and only if [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML is closed under submodules. As an application, we obtain the [Formula: see text]-version of Chase Theorem: a ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coherent if and only if any direct product of copies of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-flat, if and only if any direct product of flat [Formula: see text]-modules is [Formula: see text]-flat. Consequently, we provide an answer to the open question proposed by Bennis and El Hajoui [On [Formula: see text]-coherence, J. Korean Math. Soc. 55(6) (2018) 1499–1512].
КАНЦЕРОГЕННИЙ ВПЛИВ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ОПРОМІНЕННЯ НА ШКІРУ ЛЮДИНИ ЗА УМОВ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Галайчук І. Й. 
Published: December 2021

Мета: на основі даних Національного канцер-реєстру проаналізувати захворюваність на меланому і рак шкіри в осіб молодого віку з обґрунтуванням канцерогенного впливу ультрафіолетового опромінення.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано статистичні дані з бюлетенів Національного канцер-реєстру України та власні клінічні спостереження. Проведено аналіз показників захворюваності у вікових групах від 20 до 44 років за період 2007–2019 рр. Здійснено порівняння показників захворюваності у когорті населення, яке у 2007–2008 рр. належало до вікової категорії 30–34 роки, а через 10 років (у 2018–2019 рр.) увійшло до вікової категорії 40–44 роки.
Результати. Показано, що протягом десятирічного інтервалу відбулось зростання захворюваності на меланому в 2 рази, а на рак шкіри – в 4 рази. Враховуючи активну мобільність молодого населення в країни з високим ультрафіолетовим індексом сонячної активності, можна з високою ймовірністю вважати, що значна частка зло­якісних пухлин шкіри була ініційована надмірним ультрафіолетовим опроміненням. Представлено клінічні приклади меланоми і раку шкіри, у виникненні яких ультрафіолетова радіація відіграла основну роль.
Висновки. Короткочасна міграція білого населення в екваторіальні широти спричиняє прискорене виникнення передракових локусів у шкірі молодих осіб під дією ультрафіолетової радіації. Трансформація передракових уражень у злоякісні пухлини шкіри це тривалий процес, який на сьогодні можна ефективно контролювати візуальним самооглядом шкіри, цифровим фотоскринінгом і телемедичними консультаціями з онкологами. Вчасні діагностика та лікування поверхневих форм злоякісної меланоми запобігають переходу її у фазу метастатичного поширення.
РОЗВИТОК КИЇВСЬКОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ГІГІЄНІЧНОЇ НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ У ХХ СТОЛІТТІ (1920–1990 рр.)
Authors: Грузєва Т. С. 
Published: December 2021

Мета: дослідити процеси розбудови Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи як самостійний науковий напрям у період 20–90-х років ХХ століття.
Матеріали і методи. Методологічна основа науково-дослідної роботи ґрунтується на аналізі наукових публікацій та даних архівних матеріалів із застосуванням історико-бібліографічного методу.
Результати. У ХХ столітті відбувався поступальний розвиток Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи, в якому періоди активної розбудови змінювалися періодами стагнації медико-соціальної науки, репресіями відносно її представників. Закладені професором О. В. Корчаком-Чепурківським підвалини соціально-гігієнічної науки стали надійним фундаментом для виокремлення цього напряму в самостійну галузь медичної науки і освіти, створення кафедри соціальної гігієни у Київському медичному інституті та викладання окремого предмету в закладах вищої медичної освіти. Наукові дослідження школи охоплювали широкий спектр медико-соціальних проблем здоров’я населення у взаємозв’язку з чинниками, потреб у різних видах медичної допомоги, організації її надання, підготовки кадрів охорони здоров’я, у тому числі керівних, управління охороною здоров’я тощо. Вихованцями школи є видатні соціальні гігієністи, у тому числі академік Ю. В. Вороненко, професори О. А. Грандо, Б. П. Криштопа, О. П. Мінцер та інші.
Висновки. Розвиток Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи у 1920–1990 рр. заклав основи її майбутнього розквіту в ХХІ ст.