bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycaemic control in transition‐aged versus early adults with type 1 diabetes and the effect of a government‐funded insulin pump programme
Authors: Mooney Shane P. , Booth Gillian L. , Shulman Rayzel , Na Yingbo , Weisman Alanna , Shah Baiju R. , Perkins Bruce A. , Lipscombe Lorraine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo compare glycaemic control and adverse outcomes between transition‐aged and early adults with type 1 diabetes, and the impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy funded through a government Assisted Devices Program.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study using healthcare administrative databases from Ontario, Canada included adults aged 18–35 with type 1 diabetes between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2014. Mean HbA1c was compared between transition‐aged (18–24 years) and early adults (25–35 years), overall and stratified by whether or not they received government‐funded CSII therapy (CSII vs. non‐CSII). Secondary outcomes included rates of hospitalizations/emergency department visits for hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia over a 3‐year follow‐up. Comparisons were adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsAmong 7157 participants with type 1 diabetes, mean HbA1c was significantly higher for transition‐aged compared to early adults (71 mmol/mol [8.68%] vs. 64 mmol/mol [8.04%], p < 0.0001). This difference was smaller among CSII compared to non‐CSII users (p = 0.02 for interaction between age group and CSII use). The transition‐age group were more likely to experience a hyperglycaemic event compared to early adults (adjusted risk ratio, aRR: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–1.96), which was attenuated by CSII use (aRR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.7–1.69).ConclusionsTransition‐aged adults with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher mean HbA1c and risk of hyperglycaemic events compared to early adults. This difference was attenuated for CSII users, indicating that a government‐funded CSII programme is associated with narrowing of the gap in glycaemic control and associated adverse outcomes for this population.
Thirteen‐year trends in hospitalization and outcomes of patients with heart failure in Spain
Authors: Bonilla‐Palomas Juan L. , Anguita‐Sánchez Manuel P. , Elola‐Somoza Francisco J. , Bernal‐Sobrino José L. , Fernández‐Pérez Cristina , Ruiz‐Ortíz Martín , Jiménez‐Navarro Manuel , Bueno‐Zamora Héctor , Cequier‐Fillat Ángel , Marín‐Ortuño Francisco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure is one of the most pressing current public health concerns. However, in Spain there is a lack of population data. We aimed to examine thirteen‐year nationwide trends in heart failure hospitalization, in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day readmission rates in Spain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of patients discharged with the principal diagnosis of heart failure from The National Health System’ acute hospitals during 2003‐2015. The source of the data was the Minimum Basic Data Set. Temporal trends were modelled using Poisson regression analysis. The risk‐standardized in‐hospital mortality ratio was calculated using a multilevel risk adjustment logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 1 254 830 episodes of heart failure were selected. Throughout 2003‐2015, the number of hospital discharges with principal diagnosis of heart failure increased by 61%. Discharge rates weighted by age and sex increased during the period [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03‐1.03; P < .001)], although this increase was motivated by the increase in older age groups (≥75 years old). The crude mortality rate diminished (IRR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98‐1, P < .001), but 30‐day readmission rate increased (IRR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.06; P < .001). The risk‐standardized in‐hospital mortality ratio did not change throughout the study period (IRR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.992‐1; P = .32).ConclusionsFrom 2003 to 2015, heart failure admission rates increased significantly in Spain as a consequence of the sustained increase of hospitalization in the population ≥75 years. 30‐day readmission rates increased, but the risk‐standardized in‐hospital mortality ratio did not significantly change for the same period.
Pretransplant bone marrow cellularity and blood count recovery are not associated with relapse or survival risk following allogeneic stem cell transplant for AML in CR
Authors: Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Chen Carol , Chen Shiyi , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kim Dennis D. , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Gerbitz Armin , Pasic Ivan , Mattsson Jonas , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can be curative for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Novel therapies may render patients’ bone marrow hypocellularity and lead to prolonged post‐therapy pancytopenia. Patients’ bone marrow cellularity (BMC) at pretransplant assessment and post‐treatment pancytopenia (classification CR‐incomplete [CRi]) may manifest AML persistence.MethodologyWe retrospectively examined the impact of BMC and ELN response (ELNr) on a single‐center cohort of 337 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT for AML in CR1.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 33 months. Overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 55.8% at 2 years, while cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 20.8%, and non‐relapse mortality was 27.5%. OS and CIR were not significantly different between BMC groups; and neither was ELNr. ELNr CRi was associated with BMC aplastic and hypocellular marrow states (P < 2.6e‐8). Multivariate analysis confirmed neither BMC nor attainment of ELNr CR vs CRi affected OS or relapse. Significant factors for survival included age at transplant, cytogenetic risk, development of acute Gr II‐IV GvHD, and moderate–severe chronic GvHD, while cytogenetic risk and chronic GvHD affected relapse.ConclusionNeither ELNr status nor pretransplant BMC influenced relapse post‐HCT or OS. Hypocellularity and CRi are not negative prognostic factors for post‐HCT outcomes of AML.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising within hidradenitis suppurativa: a literature review
Authors: Sachdeva Muskaan , Mufti Asfandyar , Zaaroura Hiba , Abduelmula Abrahim , Lansang Rafael Paolo , Bagit Ahmed , Alhusayen Raed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can present as a rare complication of longstanding hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) lesions. Limited data exist on characteristics and outcomes of SCC development within HS lesions. The purpose of this review is to conduct a literature review of previously reported cases of SCC development in pre‐existing HS lesions. EMBASE and MEDLINE searches were conducted in OVID on June 25, 2020, to yield 59 studies. Of the 95 patients (mean age: 52.9 years) who developed a total of 122 SCCs within HS lesions, the majority were males (77.9%, n = 74/95). The most common sites of SCC were the gluteal region (47.5%, n = 58/122), the perianal region (18.9%, n = 23/122), and the genitals (13.9%, n = 17/122). The mean duration between HS onset and SCC development was 25.5 years. Of the patients that had outcomes reported, 54.0% (n = 34/63) experienced SCC metastasis, 43.1% (n = 28/65) experienced SCC recurrences, and 58.7% (n = 44/75) experienced a mortality outcome. The most common documented reasons for death included metastasis (34.1%, n = 15/44) and sepsis (13.6%, n = 6/44). Patients with longstanding HS lesions can develop SCCs with a high rate of metastasis and mortality. Thus, chronic HS lesions, especially in the gluteal, perianal, genital, and perineal regions, should be monitored regularly for timely SCC diagnosis and management.
Development and implementation of a novel decision support tool on physical restraint use in critically ill adult patients
Authors: Chen Xiangping , Zhuang Yiyu , Lao Yuewen , Qiao Lijie , Chen Yueliang , Guo Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether a novel decision support tool would effectively minimize physical restraint use in critically ill adult patients.DesignA nonequivalent quasi‐experimental design combined with a descriptive qualitative approach was used.MethodsA Restraint Decision Tree was developed based on a qualitative study that explored the barriers to employ the Restraint Decision Wheel. During the quasi‐experimental study, patients admitted to the unit between October 2017 and March 2018 were enrolled as the control group receiving the Restraint Decision Wheel (n = 528), whereas patients between April 2018 and September 2018 were enrolled as the intervention group receiving the Restraint Decision Tree (n = 564). The physical restraint rate, accidental catheter removal rate and nurses' satisfaction were compared.ResultsThe Restraint Decision Tree significantly decreased physical restraint use. No significant difference in the rate of accidental catheter removal was found. Nurses reported increased satisfaction with the restraint decision‐making.ConclusionsThe Restraint Decision Tree could minimize physical restraint use. Physicians' involvement in the restraint decision‐making and nurses' competence in delirium assessment may be essential for successful implementation of the Restraint Decision Tree.
Botulinum toxin injections for Japanese patients with urinary incontinence caused by neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Clinical evaluation of onabotulinumtoxinA in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial with an open‐label extension
Authors: Honda Masashi , Yokoyama Osamu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Matsuda Tatsuma , Nakayama Takashi , Mogi Takao 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin treatment (onabotulinumtoxinA 200 units) for Japanese patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.MethodsPatients with urinary incontinence refractory to pharmacological treatment were enrolled and randomized in a phase III trial. A single dose of onabotulinumtoxinA (n = 11) or placebo (n = 10) was given in the double‐blind phase, and repeat injections of onabotulinumtoxinA were given in the subsequent open‐label phase. Outcomes included urinary incontinence episodes, urodynamics, patient‐reported outcomes and adverse events.ResultsThe onabotulinumtoxinA group showed a numerically greater reduction in the number of urinary incontinence episodes per day than the placebo group, with the difference between the groups at week 6 of −3.02 (95% confidence interval −5.85 to −0.19). The onabotulinumtoxinA group also showed greater improvements in urodynamic assessments. Adverse events related to onabotulinumtoxinA injections were hematuria, urinary retention, urinary bladder hemorrhage, autonomic dysreflexia and epididymitis. Most events were deemed mild or moderate.ConclusionsIntradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA are efficacious and tolerable for Japanese patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity‐related symptoms that are difficult to manage with anticholinergics and/or β3‐adrenergic receptor agonists.
Maximum lethal temperature for flowering and seed set in maize with contrasting male and female flower sensitivities
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaoli , Hou Xinfang , Sheng Dechang , Dong Xin , Gao Yingbo , Wang Pu , Huang Shoubing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith a warming climate, heat events occur more frequently especially during flowering of many crops which increasingly threatens food security. The maximum temperature thresholds (TTmax) for different flowering processes and kernel formation, however, are not explicit in maize (Zea mays L.). For this, a temperature‐controlled experiment was conducted including two maize hybrids ZD958 and XY335 that were widely grown in China and six temperature levels (maximum/minimum temperature; 30/20, 32/22, 34/24, 36/26, 38/28 and 40/30℃ for 14 consecutive days bracketing the silking stage). Both tasseling and pollen shedding time were advanced with elevated temperature, but silking time was advanced from 30/20 to 36/26℃ and then delayed with further temperature increase, thus extending anthesis–silking interval (ASI). Silking rate was significantly reduced to 63% at 40/30℃ for ZD958 but maintained at 88%–95% for XY335 compared to that at 30/20℃. Pollen shed weight and pollen viability decreased with elevated temperature with larger reductions in XY335 than in ZD958. Hence, ZD958 and XY335 are female and male flower sensitive hybrids, respectively. Silking rate, pollen shed number and ASI were the most important constraints to kernel formation under HT stress. TTmax for seed set of both hybrids were estimated to be ~38℃, and different flowering processes have respective TTmax. These detailed information are important to uncover heat impacts on maize and increase simulation accuracy when modelling heat effects on maize yield. Besides, more attentions need to be directed at female flower sensitivity when breeding and/or selecting heat‐tolerant maize hybrids.
Platform is not destiny: Embodied learning effects comparing 2D desktop to 3D virtual reality STEM experiences
Authors: Johnson‐Glenberg Mina C. , Bartolomea Hannah , Kalina Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExperiences in immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) are more presence‐inducing, and so it may be tempting to claim that content will be learned better in VR. This randomized control trial study on natural selection challenges that assumption. This study answers the question of whether learning STEM in an immersive 3D VR environment is always superior to learning via a 2D monitor (PC). This is a 2 × 2 × 3 design. The first factor is platform immersivity (low = 2D PC, or high = 3D VR), the second factor is level of embodiment (lower = watching playback video, or higher = using mouse/controller to agentically manipulate content), and the third factor is test time (pretest, posttest, and follow‐up). There was a significant main effect for embodiment, the high embodied and agentic groups learned the most. There was not a main effect for platform, because the participants in the low embodied VR group performed significantly worse than the three other groups. Although, the one high embodied, VR group learned and retained the most knowledge. A path‐analysis revealed that the effect of platform was significantly mediated by presence, agency, and engagement. The smaller learning gain in the low embodied VR condition suggests that participants come to the immersive VR experience with expectations about agency and control of the virtual content, and when those expectations were not met, the disconnect was deleterious for learning. More agentic and interactive control of manipulable virtual content is encouraged. Design is critical, and platform is not destiny.
The stabilization of yes‐associated protein by TGFβ‐activated kinase 1 regulates the self‐renewal and oncogenesis of gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Wang Gang , Sun Qikai , Zhu Hai , Bi Yihui , Zhu Haixing , Xu Aman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the most frequent digestive system malignant tumour and the second most common cause of cancer death globally. Cancer stem cell (CSC) is a small percentage of cancer cells in solid tumours that have differentiation, self‐renewal and tumorigenic capabilities. They have an active participation in the initiation, development, metastasis, recurrence and resistance of tumours to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) have been shown to be correlated with GC initiation and metastasis. In this study, we found that TAK1 expression level in GC tissues was significantly increased compared to the adjacent non‐cancerous tissues by RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. TAK1 has been identified as a critical molecule that promoted a variety of malignant GC phenotypes both in vivo and in vitro and promoted the self‐renewal of GCSCs. Mechanistically, TAK1 was up‐regulated by IL‐6 and prevented the degradation of yes‐associated protein (YAP) in the cytoplasm by binding to YAP. Thus, TAK1 promoted the SOX2 and SOX9 transcription and the self‐renewal and oncogenesis of GCSCs. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of self‐renewal and tumorigenesis of TAK1 in GCSCs and have broad implications for clinical therapies.
ActiPso: definition of activity types for psoriatic disease: A novel marker for an advanced disease classification
Authors: Mrowietz U. , Dieckmann T. , Gerdes S. , Szymczak S. , von Spreckelsen R. , Körber A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of psoriasis is exclusively done measuring severity using somatic scores such as the psoriasis area and severity index or patient‐reported outcomes such as the dermatology life quality index. There is no established tool to measure a patient's individual psoriasis activity over time.ObjectivesDevelopment of a new tool to classify psoriasis activity types.MethodsOpen patient interviews were performed and adapted in several steps and by using different groups of patients. Wording of the tool's axis and description how to use it was optimized with the input of patients. The final ActiPso tool was used in a prospective study in psoriasis patients.ResultsFour activity types could be identified describing psoriasis intensity (e.g. severity, itch, pain) over one typical year and an event/trigger type describing flares. In the study in 586 psoriasis patients of the 536 patients eligible for analysis 40.9% self‐classified as type 1 (‘stable’), 22.6% as type 2 (‘unstable’), 30.6% as type 3 (‘winter type’) and 6.0% as type 4 (‘summer type’), respectively. Flares of psoriasis as identified by the event/trigger type were reported in 36.1% of patients with activity type 1, 67.8% with type 2, 73.8% of type 3 and 59.4% of type 4, respectively.ConclusionsInterviewed patients were able to describe their course of psoriatic disease and to name potential triggering factors. By doing so, activity types of psoriasis were defined for the first time and the importance of events/triggers for flares described and integrated into ActiPso types as a basis for advanced patient‐centric management. A limitation of ActiPso is that in regions with no seasonal variations types 3 and 4 may not apply.
Experiences of mothers caring for a child with an intellectual disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: Embregts P. , Heerkens L. , Frielink N. , Giesbers S. , Vromans L. , Jahoda A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the first COVID‐19 lockdown period, various restrictions led to diminished access to both educational and professional support systems for children with an intellectual disability and their families. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability during the first lockdown period in the Netherlands.MethodFive mothers caring for a child with an intellectual disability participated in this qualitative study. The participants were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. The interviews lasted between 26 and 48 min. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsThree overarching themes emerged: (1) We need to stay healthy, which centres on the mother's urge to protect their child's well‐being; (2) We make it work, which provides insight into how the mothers were handling the drastic changes in their family; and (3) My child's and family's place in the world, which focuses on the mothers' experienced position in the world around them.ConclusionsThe current study provides valuable insights into the experiences and needs of mothers caring for a child with an intellectual disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions for labour pain management: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Yinchu , Lu Hong , Huang Jing , Zang Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare and rank the efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions in the management of labour pain.BackgroundRecently, various non‐pharmacological interventions have been applied to manage labour pain and have shown positive effects. However, evidence identifying which type of non‐pharmacological intervention is more efficient and safer is limited.DesignSystematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis based on PRISMA‐NMA.MethodsSeven databases were searched from database inception–March 2020. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction. Conventional meta‐analysis was conducted using either fixed‐effects model or random‐effects model according to statistical heterogeneity. The Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted using the consistency model.Results43 studies involving nine non‐pharmacological interventions were included. The Bayesian network meta‐analysis showed that acupressure (SMD = −2.00, 95% CrI −3.09 to −0.94), aromatherapy (SMD = −2.01, 95% CrI −3.70 to −0.35) and massage therapy (SMD = −1.26, 95% CrI −2.26 to −0.30) had significant positive effects on alleviating labour pain, with aromatherapy being the most effective. The results also revealed that yoga (SMD = −130.85, 95% CrI −212.01 to −59.32) and acupressure (SMD = −10.14, 95% CrI −20.24 to −0.41) were the most effective interventions for shortening the first stage and the second stage of labour, respectively. There were no significant differences between non‐pharmacological interventions and usual care or placebo control on the use of pharmacological methods and neonatal 5‐min Apgar score.ConclusionsThe evidence in this network meta‐analysis illustrates that non‐pharmacological interventions are effective and safe for labour pain management in low‐risk pregnant women. In the future, well‐designed studies are needed to validate the conclusion of this network meta‐analysis.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results support the use of non‐pharmacological interventions, especially aromatherapy and acupressure, to relieve labour pain in low‐risk pregnant women. Non‐pharmacological interventions for labour pain management are recommended to apply according to maternal women's preference and values.
Genistein reverses the effect of 17β‐estradiol on exacerbating experimental occlusal interference‐induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia in ovariectomised rats
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Fan Ying‐Ying , Xu Xiao‐Xiang , Xie Qiu‐Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOro‐facial pain is more prevalent in women than in men, and oestrogen may underlie this sex difference. Genistein reversed the potentiation of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on glutamate‐induced acute masseter nociceptive behaviour, but its role in dental experimental occlusal interference (EOI)‐induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate sex differences, and to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of genistein in E2‐potentiated EOI‐induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia in rats.MethodsFemale and male rats were prepared to compare the sex differences of masseter hyperalgesia induced by EOI using a 0.4‐mm‐thick metal crown. Female rats were ovariectomised (OVX) and treated with E2 and genistein, followed by EOI. The head withdrawal threshold (HWT) was examined to assess masseter sensitivity. The protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) was detected using western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to reveal the colocalisation of oestrogen receptors (ERs) with TRPV1 and the percentage of TRPV1‐positive neurons in the TG.ResultsTo some extent, female rats displayed enhanced sensitivity to EOI‐induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia compared with males. Female rats showed the lowest HWT in the pro‐oestrus phase. Pre‐treatment with genistein antagonised E2 potentiation in EOI‐induced masseter hyperalgesia and blocked the effect of E2 by downregulating TRPV1 protein expression and the percentage of TRPV1‐positive neurons in the TG.ConclusionFemale rats showed greater masseter hyperalgesia than males under EOI. Genistein antagonised the facilitation of EOI‐induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia by E2 probably through inhibiting TRPV1 in the TG.