bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do conspiracy theory and mistrust undermine people's intention to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine in Austria?
Authors: Knobel Phil , Zhao Xiang , White Katherine M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConspiracy theories flourish during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic especially regarding vaccinations. As the vaccination reluctancy in Austria is high, it is important to understand the antecedents of vaccination intention at the preapproval stage of the vaccination process. An online survey was conducted in August 2020 in Austria with 217 primarily younger, female, educated participants. A two‐step cluster analysis resulted in a sceptics cluster with a clear antivaccination tendency along with a right‐wing political position, lower trust in general vaccines and lower education levels and the reference cluster. A considerable percentage of participants reported their reluctancy to have a COVID‐19 vaccine. Although vaccination intention can be explained by attitude and subjective norm, this decision‐making process is undermined by underlying factors such as conspiracy ideation and political position. Policy makers and health interventionists should take political background into consideration in efforts to increase vaccine compliance.
An identity and reputation approach to understanding the Dark Triad in the workplace
Authors: McLarty Benjamin D. , Whitman Daniel S. , Kluemper Donald H. , Tao Siyi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPrevious research examining the Dark Triad (DT) of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) in the workplace has theorized and assessed the DT almost exclusively from a “self” view perspective (e.g., self‐ratings). In this paper, we extend what is known about dark personality by drawing from socioanalytic theory to make the case that the identity (i.e., “self” view) and reputation (i.e., “other” view) elements of the DT are distinct and complimentary concepts that must be examined in concert. Specifically, we hypothesize and demonstrate that understanding the interaction of identity‐based DT and reputation‐based DT enhances our ability to predict supervisor‐rated organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Utilizing response surface techniques to test our hypotheses, we demonstrate that significant differences exist between different combinations of identity‐ and reputation‐based assessments of the DT and their relationship with OCB. More specifically, we find that supervisor‐rated citizenship decreases at an accelerating rate when both self‐views and coworker‐views of the DT are considered. As such, accounting for DT identity and reputation simultaneously provides a more comprehensive understanding of how the DT relates to OCB. Therefore, we show that reputation‐based aspects of the DT, in concert with identity‐based DT, enhance our knowledge about how dark personality impacts OCB.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil encapsulated in new microemulsion formulations for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Karadağ Ayşe Esra , Üstündağ Okur Neslihan , Demirci Betül , Demirci Fatih 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this present study, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and its new microemulsions (MEs) were evaluated both for the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The essential oil composition was verified initially both by GC‐FID and GC/MS, where camphor (19.5%), 1,8‐cineol (12%), and verbenone (11.1%) were characterized as the main constituents. A titration method was used and utilized to formulate the MEs. The preparation was formulated using isopropyl myristate as an oil phase, where sorbitan monolaurate and macrogol‐glycerol ricinoleate were used as surfactants. In the same system, ethanol was utilized as co‐surfactant and distilled water as aqueous phase. A total of 0.1% (w/w) of R. officinalis essential oil was dissolved within the formulation, and evaluated for characteristic parameters such as viscosity, pH, electrical conductivity, refractive index, polydispersity index (PDI), droplet size, and zeta potential, respectively. The pH value was 6.2, where the average microemulsion droplet size was 4.58 ± 0.137 nm; the PDI value was found as 0.219 ± 0.016. The viscosity of the microemulsion was determined as 6.93 ± 0.015 cP. The conductivity of MEs was found as 10 μS/cm; finally, the zeta potential was determined as 0.391 ± 0.012 mV. The antimicrobial potential of the preparations was compared using the in vitro broth microdilution, and poisoned PDA assay. A significant increase in the anti‐Candidal activity of the micro‐emulsified essential oil (15.6 μg/ml) was observed, however, the antibacterial susceptibility was rather low at the tested concentrations. In addition, the novel microemulsion preparation significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the plant pathogens used in the study, suggesting its selective antifungal potential.
A flexible transparent organic light‐emitting display with high‐transmittance cathode and high‐contrast electrochromic shutter
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Ou‐Yang Mang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we studied a flexible transparent organic light‐emitting display (TOLED) with a stacking magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) alloys (Mg:Ag)/1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN)/indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent cathode and combined it with a high‐contrast flexible electrochromic shutter (ECS). The transmittance of the segment‐type flexible TOLED based on an 84.5% transparent polyimide substrate was 64.2%. The sheet resistance of the TOLED cathode used in this study was 22.94 Ω/sq, which was close to the value needed in OLED cathode applications. The flexible ECS was composed of two color‐changing layers, namely, a hybrid electrochromic layer and a color‐changing gel electrolyte layer, and the contrast ratio of the flexible ECS was 24.5. The ECS blocked background light and increased the contrast ratio of the flexible TOLED panel. The flexible OLED and flexible ECS were bonded with an optical clear adhesive (OCA) film, and the transmittance of the entire structure was 52.3%. After 2,000 folding repetitions of the integral sample with a folding radius of 3 cm, the ECS maintained its coloration characteristics, and TOLED retained a brightness level of 200 nits.
Preoperative Survival Prediction in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Using an Ultrasound‐Based Radiographic‐Radiomics Signature
Authors: Li Ming‐De , Lu Xiao‐Zhou , Liu Jun‐Feng , Chen Bin , Xu Ming , Xie Xiao‐Yan , Lu Ming‐De , Kuang Ming , Wang Wei , Shen Shun‐Li , Chen Li‐Da 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo construct a preoperative model for survival prediction in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients using ultrasound (US) based radiographic‐radiomics signatures.MethodsBetween April 2010 and September 2015, 170 patients with ICC who underwent curative resection were retrospectively recruited. Overall survival (OS)‐related radiographic signatures and radiomics signatures based on preoperative US were built and assessed through a time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A nomogram was developed based on the selected predictors from the radiographic‐radiomics signatures and clinical and laboratory results of the training cohort (n = 127), validated in an independent testing cohort (n = 43) by the concordance index (C‐index), and compared with the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) cancer staging system as well as the radiographic and radiomics nomograms.ResultsThe median areas under the curve of the radiomics signature and radiographic signature were higher than that of the TNM staging system in the testing cohort, although the values were not significantly different (0.76–0.82 versus 0.62, P = .485 and .264). The preoperative nomogram with CA 19‐9, sex, ascites, radiomics signature, and radiographic signature had C‐indexes of 0.72 and 0.75 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively, and it had significantly higher predictive performance than the 8th TNM staging system in the testing cohort (C‐index: 0.75 versus 0.67, P = .004) and a higher C‐index than the radiomics nomograms (0.75 versus 0.68, P = .044).ConclusionsThe preoperative nomogram integrated with the radiographic‐radiomics signature demonstrated good predictive performance for OS in ICC and was superior to the 8th TNM staging system.
Comparison of O‐RADS, GI‐RADS, and ADNEX for Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses: An External Validation Study Conducted by Junior Sonologists
Authors: Lai Hong‐wei , Lyu Guo‐rong , Kang Zhuo , Li Li‐ya , Zhang Ying , Huang Yi‐jun 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo externally validate the Ovarian‐adnexal Reporting and Data System (O‐RADS) and evaluate its performance in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses (AMs) compared with the Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System (GI‐RADS) and Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 734 cases from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. All patients underwent transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound examination. Pathological diagnoses were obtained for all the included AMs. O‐RADS, GI‐RADS, and ADNEX were used to evaluate AMs by two sonologists, and the diagnostic efficacy of the three systems was analyzed and compared using pathology as the gold standard. We used the kappa index to evaluate the inter‐reviewer agreement (IRA).ResultsA total of 734 AMs, including 564 benign masses, 69 borderline masses, and 101 malignant masses were included in this study. O‐RADS (0.88) and GI‐RADS (0.90) had lower sensitivity than ADNEX (0.95) (P < .05), and the PPV of O‐RADS (0.98) was higher than that of ADNEX (0.96) (P < .05). These three systems showed good IRA.ConclusionO‐RADS, GI‐RADS, and ADNEX showed little difference in diagnostic performance among resident sonologists. These three systems have their own characteristics and can be selected according to the type of center, access to patients' clinical data, or personal comfort.
Big Cats in the Big City: Spatial Ecology of Mountain Lions in Greater Los Angeles
Authors: RILEY SETH P. D. , SIKICH JEFF A. , BENSON JOHN F. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLarge carnivores can represent the ultimate challenge for conservation in developed landscapes because of their large area requirements and potential for conflict with humans. Some large carnivores such as mountain lions (Puma concolor) can use a wide range of biomes and vegetation types, and in southern California, USA, they persist in metropolitan Los Angeles, a megacity of 18 million people. Understanding how large carnivores use highly altered landscapes is important for their conservation and management. We estimated home range size, landscape use, and landscape selection for mountain lions in the Santa Monica Mountains and surrounding areas for 29 subadult and adult animals from 2002 to 2016, using 128,133 locations from global positioning system (GPS)‐collars. Home range size was similar to that reported by other researchers; home ranges averaged 372 km2 for adult males and 134 km2 for adult females, except for 2 adult males in isolated habitat fragments that maintained 2 of the smallest adult male home ranges ever recorded (24 km2 and 54 km2). Mountain lions very rarely entered developed areas, consistently avoided altered open areas such as golf courses, cemeteries, or other landscaped spaces, and showed a positive relationship between home range size and amount of development, all indicating that developed areas have reduced value for mountain lions. Mountain lions from all sex and age classes selected areas closer to development than expected by chance, which could be related to the presence of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) or other prey in or adjacent to urbanization. For 2 adult males that occupied home ranges within the most urban portions of our study area, their response to urban development differed strongly across diurnal periods, ranging from avoidance during the day to selection at night. Shrub vegetation types, especially chaparral, were important in terms of habitat use and resource selection, highlighting their importance for conservation of the species in southern California. North America's largest felid can thrive in shrublands and persist even in one of the world's largest cities, although they only very rarely venture into developed areas within that city. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
HPV vaccination, information sources, and acculturation among Chinese college students aged 18–26 in the United States
Authors: Tung Wei‐Chen , Lin Yuting , Chao Hannah W. , Chen Yinghan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination behaviors among Chinese college students (CCS) in the United States are affected by social determinants of health. Using a self‐report questionnaire and a snowball sampling technique, this cross‐sectional study investigated (a) HPV vaccination practices; (b) primary social networking platforms and preferred means of receiving HPV information; and (c) the influence of acculturation on HPV vaccination, HPV information sources, and social networking use among 213 CCS aged 18–26 in the United States. About half (50.7%) had received one to three doses of an HPV vaccine, and 91.7% had received their first dose. The most popular social networking platforms were WeChat (69.5%), Instagram (58.7%), text messaging (55.4%), and Facebook (47.4%). Preferred means of receiving future HPV information included the internet, online social networking, and health professionals. Participants with high Asian identification (AI) were less likely to receive the HPV vaccine than those with high Western identification. Participants with high AI were more likely to use WeChat for their social networking but less likely to use US‐based social media platforms. Acculturation, preferred social networking platforms, and sources and communication of HPV (i.e., health professionals, family members, schoolteachers, friends) influenced participants' HPV vaccination. To promote equity of access to health messages and increase HPV vaccination, future efforts should pay attention to CCS with high AI and incorporate their cultural beliefs and practices. Given that nonprofessionals (e.g., family, friends) were influential factors in HPV vaccination, it is critical to tailor interventions for CCS to the recipients and their social circles.
A pose‐independent method for accurate and precise body composition from 3D optical scans
Authors: Wong Michael C. , Ng Bennett K. , Tian Isaac , Sobhiyeh Sima , Pagano Ian , Dechenaud Marcelline , Kennedy Samantha F. , Liu Yong E. , Kelly Nisa N. , Chow Dominic , Garber Andrea K. , Maskarinec Gertraud , Pujades Sergi , Black Michael J. , Curless Brian , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shepherd John A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether digitally re‐posing three‐dimensional optical (3DO) whole‐body scans to a standardized pose would improve body composition accuracy and precision regardless of the initial pose.MethodsHealthy adults (n = 540), stratified by sex, BMI, and age, completed whole‐body 3DO and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in the Shape Up! Adults study. The 3DO mesh vertices were represented with standardized templates and a low‐dimensional space by principal component analysis (stratified by sex). The total sample was split into a training (80%) and test (20%) set for both males and females. Stepwise linear regression was used to build prediction models for body composition and anthropometry outputs using 3DO principal components (PCs).ResultsThe analysis included 472 participants after exclusions. After re‐posing, three PCs described 95% of the shape variance in the male and female training sets. 3DO body composition accuracy compared with DXA was as follows: fat mass R2 = 0.91 male, 0.94 female; fat‐free mass R2 = 0.95 male, 0.92 female; visceral fat mass R2 = 0.77 male, 0.79 female.ConclusionsRe‐posed 3DO body shape PCs produced more accurate and precise body composition models that may be used in clinical or nonclinical settings when DXA is unavailable or when frequent ionizing radiation exposure is unwanted.
Fat mass and fat‐free mass track from infancy to childhood: New insights in body composition programming in early life
Authors: van Beijsterveldt Inge A. L. P. , de Fluiter Kirsten S. , Breij Laura M. , van der Steen Manouk , Hokken‐Koelega Anita C. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveEarly life is a critical window for adiposity programming. This study investigated whether fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat, and fat‐free mass (FFM) in early life track into childhood and whether there are sex differences and differences between infant feeding types.MethodsDetailed body composition was longitudinally measured by air‐displacement plethysmography, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and abdominal ultrasound in 224 healthy, term‐born children. Measurements were divided into tertiles. Odds ratios (OR) of remaining in the highest tertile of FM%, FMI, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated from early life to age 4 years.ResultsHigh FM% and FMI tracked from age 3 and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.34 [p = 0.002] and OR = 6.54 [p < 0.001]). High subcutaneous abdominal fat tracked from age 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 2.30 [p = 0.012]). High FFMI tracked from age 1, 3, and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.16 [p = 0.005], 3.71 [p = 0.004], and 3.36 [p = 0.019]). In non‐exclusively breastfed infants, high FM% tracked from early life to age 4 years, whereas this was not the case for exclusively breastfed infants. There was no tracking in visceral fat or sex differences.ConclusionsInfants with high FM%, FMI, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and FFMI in early life are likely to remain in the highest tertile at age 4 years. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months is potentially protective against having high FM% at age 4 years.
Explaining cancer information avoidance comparing people with and without cancer experience in the family
Authors: Link Elena , Baumann Eva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesCancer information avoidance (CIA) serves as a barrier to preventive efforts. To learn how to combat this barrier, we aim to examine predictors of CIA in populations with and without cancer experience in the family, which are addressed differently in cancer prevention, according to specific informational barriers.MethodsA subsample of people with and without cancer in the family (n = 2,757) of an online survey with a sample stratified for the German population by age, gender, education, and region was conducted via an online access panel. The survey instrument was adapted from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Separate stepwise regression analyses were conducted.ResultsOnly a comparatively small proportion of the variance in CIA was explained by the predictors, ranging from R2 = .148 for people without cancer experience to R2 = .180 for participants with cancer experience in their family. Across the groups, the findings showed that people who were fatalistic about the risk of cancer, less health literate, who perceived less social pressure to be informed, and were less trusting in information sources more often avoided cancer information.ConclusionsOur findings identify relevant target groups to be addressed and barriers to be removed for cancer communication efforts. Adequate information provision can be supported by programs for fostering health literacy and social network diffusion strategies.
Prospector: A mobile application for portable, high‐throughput near‐infrared spectroscopy phenotyping
Authors: Rife Trevor W. , Courtney Chaney , Hershberger Jenna , Gore Michael Allen , Neilsen Mitchell , Poland Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuality traits are some of the most important and time‐consuming phenotypes to evaluate in plant breeding programs. These traits are often evaluated late in the breeding pipeline due to their cost, resulting in the potential advancement of many lines that are not suitable for release. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non‐destructive approach that can rapidly increase the speed at which quality traits are evaluated. However, most spectrometers are non‐portable or prohibitively expensive. Recent advancements have led to the development of consumer‐targeted, inexpensive spectrometers with demonstrated potential for breeding applications. Unfortunately, the mobile applications for these spectrometers are not designed to rapidly collect organized samples at the scale necessary for breeding programs. To that end, we developed Prospector, a mobile application that connects with LinkSquare portable near‐infrared (NIR) spectrometers and allows breeders to efficiently capture NIR data. In this report, we outline the core functionality of the app and how it can easily be integrated into breeding workflows as well as opportunities for further development. Prospector and other high‐throughput phenotyping tools and technologies are required for plant breeders to develop the next generation of improved varieties necessary to feed a growing global population.
Cord‐blood respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and respiratory health in first 5 years of life
Authors: Takashima Mari D. , Grimwood Keith , Sly Peter D. , Lambert Stephen B. , Chappell Keith J. , Watterson Daniel , Young Paul , Kusel Merci , Holt Barbara , Holt Patrick , Ware Robert S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the potential longer‐term effects of maternal antenatal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination, we examined the association between cord‐blood RSV‐neutralizing antibodies (RSV‐NA) and RSV infections in the first 2 years of life, RSV‐NA at 3 years, and respiratory health to age 5 years.MethodsTwo community‐based Australian birth cohorts were combined. For children with at least one atopic parent, paired serum RSV‐NA levels were compared in cord blood and at age 3 years. Weekly nasal swabs were collected in one cohort and during acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the other. Wheeze history up to age 5 years and physician‐diagnosed asthma at 5 years was collected by parent report.ResultsIn 264 children, each log10 increase of cord‐blood RSV‐NA level was associated with 37% decreased risk (adjusted incidence‐rate‐ratio [aIRR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.01) of RSV‐ARI and 49% decreased risk (aIRR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25–1.02) of RSV acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) at 12–24 months of age. However, higher cord‐blood RSV‐NA was associated with increased risk of all‐cause ALRI (aIRR 1.29; 95% CI: 0.99–1.69), wheeze‐associated ALRI (aIRR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.08–2.82), and severe ALRI (aIRR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.63–4.70) at age 6–<12 months. Cord‐blood RSV‐NA was not associated with RSV‐ARI in the first 6‐months, RSV‐NA levels at 3 years, or wheeze or asthma at 5 years.ConclusionsHigher levels of cord‐blood RSV‐NA did not protect against RSV infections during the first 6‐months‐of‐life, time‐to‐first RSV‐ARI, or wheeze or asthma in the first 5 years of life. Additional strategies to control RSV‐related illness in childhood are needed.