bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Infection Does Not Change Disease Course or Inflammatory Pattern of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Presenting at a Large Urban Medical Center in New York City
Authors: Laracy Justin , Zucker Jason , Castor Delivette , McMahon Donald J , Guo Tai Wei , Yan Michael , Shalev Noga , Scherer Matthew , Gordon Peter , Sobieszczyk Magdalena , Yin Michael T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The clinical impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study of COVID-19, we compared clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters among PWH and controls.

Methods
Sixty-eight PWH diagnosed with COVID-19 were matched 1:4 to patients without known HIV diagnosis, drawn from a study population of all patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at an academic urban hospital. The primary outcome was death/discharge to hospice within 30 days of hospital presentation.

Results
PWH were more likely to be admitted from the emergency department than patients without HIV (91% vs 71%; P = .001). We observed no statistically significant difference between admitted PWH and patients without HIV in terms of 30-day mortality rate (19% vs 13%, respectively) or mechanical ventilation rate (18% vs 20%, respectively). PWH had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates than controls on admission but did not differ in other inflammatory marker levels or nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load estimated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction cycle thresholds.

Conclusions
HIV infection status was associated with a higher admission rate; however, among hospitalized patients, PWH did not differ from HIV-uninfected controls by rate of mechanical ventilation or death/discharge to hospice.
Stewards enquiry: challenging a professional trustee’s remuneration
Authors: Bueno Emily , Steen Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines how a professional trustee charging remuneration to the trust is approached in respect of non-charitable trusts. It reminds the reader of the legal basis on which a professional trustee is able to charge for its fees, considers certain specific features of a professional trustee’s remuneration and examines the general approach of the courts to assessing a professional trustee’s charges. It also looks at the relative advantages and disadvantages of investigating a professional trustee’s charges before or after the resignation of a trustee and the winding up of a trust.
Meta-analysis of the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cattle diet on milk fatty acid profile
Authors: Torres Rodrigo N S , Bertoco João P A , de Arruda Maria C G , Rodrigues Julia L , Coelho Larissa M , Paschoaloto Josimari R , de Almeida Júnior Gercílio A , Ezequiel Jane M B , Almeida Marco T C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of glycerin in diets for dairy cows initially emerged as an alternative for the prevention and control of ketosis. However, despite some controversy, there are still several studies associating glycerin with increases in daily milk yield, with possible changes in its constituents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate, using a meta-analysis approach, the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cow diets on milk fatty acid. Twenty-two peer-reviewed publications with 66 treatment means were included in data set. The effect of glycerin inclusion in diet (treatment) were evaluated using random-effect models to examine the weighted mean differences (WMD) between a control diet (without glycerin in the diet) and the treatment diet. Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis performed for: genetic type; days in milk; experimental period; glycerin in diet; glycerin type and concentrate in diet. Inclusion of glycerin in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter and protein, as well as ruminal propionate. It did not affect dry matter intake (P = 0.351) and milk yield (P = 0.730). The effect of glycerin inclusion on the milk fat yield is dependent on the genetic group, in which Holstein (WMD = −0.04 kg/d; P = 0.010) and Holstein-crossbreed (WMD = −0.10 kg/d; P &lt; 0.0001) cows produced less fat in milk compared to Jersey cows, when glycerin was included in the diets. Glycine inclusions of up to 100 g/kg in the diet of dairy cows did not negatively affect milk production and composition. However, inclusions above 150 g/kg of glycerin in the diet reduced the concentration of fat, and of unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA C18: 2 cis-9 and trans-11) in milk. The results reported in our meta-analysis does not demonstrate the effectiveness of glycerin in improving the composition of milk and a group of fatty acids of importance for human health such as C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA.
Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbon pools and their relationship to growth in two boreal conifer tree species
Authors: Schoonmaker A L , Hillabrand R M , Lieffers V J , Chow P S , Landhäusser S M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an attempt to comprehensively study the dynamics of non-structural carbon compounds (NCCs), we measured the seasonal changes of soluble sugars, starch, lipids and sugar alcohols in the leaves, branches, stem and roots of the fast-growing Pinus contorta (Loudon) (pine) and slow-growing Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (spruce) trees growing in a boreal climate. In addition to measuring the seasonal concentrations of these compounds, the relative contribution of these compounds to the total NCC pool within the organs of trees (~8 m tall) was estimated and compared across different phenological and growth stages. Both species showed large seasonal shifts from starch to sugars from spring to fall in nearly all organs and tissues; most likely an adaptation to the cold winters. For both species, the total fluctuation of sugar + starch across the year (i.e., the difference between the minimum and maximum observed across collection times) was estimated to be between 1.6 and 1.8 kg for all NCCs. The fluctuation, however, was 1.40 times greater than the minimum reserves in pine, while only 0.72 times the minimum reserves in spruce. By tissue type, NCC fluctuations were greatest in the roots of both species. Roots showed a large build-up of reserves in late spring, but these reserves were depleted over summer and fall. Storage reserves in needles and branches declined over the summer, and this decline may be linked to the sink strength of the stem during diameter growth. Some notable highlights of this holistic study: a late winter build-up of sugars in the stem xylem of both species, but especially spruce; and an increase in sugar alcohols in the bark of spruce in very late winter, which could indicate mobilization to support early growth in spring and high lipid reserves in the bark of pine, which appeared not to be impacted by seasonal changes between summer and winter. Collectively, these observations point toward a more conservative NCC reserve strategy in spruce compared with pine, which is consistent with its stress tolerance and greater longevity.
Alternate primers for whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequencing
Authors: Cotten Matthew , Lule Bugembe Dan , Kaleebu Pontiano , V.T. Phan My 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As the world is struggling to control the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgency to develop effective control measures. Essential information is encoded in the virus genome sequence with accurate and complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences essential for tracking the movement and evolution of the virus and for guiding efforts to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs. While there is unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 sequencing efforts globally, approximately 19 to 43 per cent of the genomes generated monthly are gapped, reducing their information content. The current study documents the genome gap frequencies and their positions in the currently available data and provides an alternative primer set and a sequencing scheme to help improve the quality and coverage of the genomes.
Prediction of Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants Using Monitoring Signals and Machine Learning
Authors: Cabrera-Quiros Laura , Kommers Deedee , Wolvers Maria K. , Oosterwijk Laurien , Arents Niek , van der Sluijs-Bens Jacqueline , Cottaar Eduardus J. E. , Andriessen Peter , van Pul Carola 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
Prediction of late-onset sepsis (onset beyond day 3 of life) in preterm infants, based on multiple patient monitoring signals 24 hours before onset.

Design:
Continuous high-resolution electrocardiogram and respiration (chest impedance) data from the monitoring signals were extracted and used to create time-interval features representing heart rate variability, respiration, and body motion. For each infant with a blood culture-proven late-onset sepsis, a Cultures, Resuscitation, and Antibiotics Started Here moment was defined. The Cultures, Resuscitation, and Antibiotics Started Here moment served as an anchor point for the prediction analysis. In the group with controls (C), an “equivalent crash moment” was calculated as anchor point, based on comparable gestational and postnatal age. Three common machine learning approaches (logistic regressor, naive Bayes, and nearest mean classifier) were used to binary classify samples of late-onset sepsis from C. For training and evaluation of the three classifiers, a leave-k-subjects-out cross-validation was used.

Setting:
Level III neonatal ICU.

Patients:
The patient population consisted of 32 premature infants with sepsis and 32 age-matched control patients.

Interventions:
No interventions were performed.

Measurements and Main Results:
For the interval features representing heart rate variability, respiration, and body motion, differences between late-onset sepsis and C were visible up to 5 hours preceding the Cultures, Resuscitation, and Antibiotics Started Here moment. Using a combination of all features, classification of late-onset sepsis and C showed a mean accuracy of 0.79 ± 0.12 and mean precision rate of 0.82 ± 0.18 3 hours before the onset of sepsis.

Conclusions:
Information from routine patient monitoring can be used to predict sepsis. Specifically, this study shows that a combination of electrocardiogram-based, respiration-based, and motion-based features enables the prediction of late-onset sepsis hours before the clinical crash moment.
Immunophenotypic Differences in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neovascularization Between Primary Cutaneous Melanoma With and Without Metastasis: An Immunohistochemical Study of 80 Cases
Authors: Salgüero Irene , Roustán Gaston , Requena Luis , Suárez Dolores , García-Fresnadillo Diego , Redondo José Ignacio , Nájera Laura 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
The prognostic implications of the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are well known. In recent years, the study of this immunophenotype has also resulted in immunotherapeutic consequences. The aims of this study were to characterize the subpopulations of TILs in primary cutaneous melanoma, in cases with and without metastasis, as well as the neovascularization associated with the primary neoplasm, and its influence on the development of metastasis. To this end, the immunophenotype of TILs and the neovascularization of 80 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (40 each with metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, CD31, and D2-40 antibodies. We found that higher frequencies of TILs with brisk pattern, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells in TILs, and a lower frequency of CD31+ vessels were histopathological features associated with better prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Our results support the notion that the immunohistochemical study of TILs and neovascularization in primary cutaneous melanoma may be helpful tools for identifying patients at increased risk of metastasis development.
Long-Term Outcome of Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Keratopigmentation: Using Intacs Channels for Precise Pigment Deposition Within the Cornea
Authors: Yin Han Y. , Walter Keith A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To describe a long-term outcome of a new technique using the femtosecond laser to assist with keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing).

Method:
Nineteen eyes of 18 patients with a history of significant visual disability related to iris defects underwent femtosecond laser–assisted keratopigmentation (FAK) for functional restoration of their visual disabilities. Postoperative visual acuity and symptomatic resolution were collected during their postoperative visits.

Results:
After FAK surgery, all patients had improvement in their previous visual-related symptoms. Eighteen of 19 eyes (94%) had improvement in their best-corrected Snellen visual acuity. Eight of 19 eyes (42%) had at least 1 line improvement, 8 of 19 eyes (42%) had at least 2 lines of improvement, and 2 of 19 eyes (10%) had at least 3 lines improvement. The average follow-up period was approximately 60 months.

Conclusions:
The FAK technique offers a long-term effective and safe technique for visual disabilities and improves visual acuity in patients with various traumatic iris defects.
Anterior Chamber Versus Ciliary Sulcus Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Tube Placement: Longitudinal Evaluation of Corneal Endothelial Cell Profiles
Authors: Godinho Gonçalo , Barbosa-Breda Joao , Oliveira-Ferreira Cláudia , Madeira Carolina , Melo António , Falcão-Reis Fernando , Estrela-Silva Sérgio 
Published: January 2021

Précis:
An Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) tube in the ciliary sulcus (CS) is safer for the endothelium. At 4 years of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in endothelial cell count only with anterior chamber (AC) placement.

Purpose:
Corneal endothelium (CE) damage is one of the most feared long-term complications that can result from glaucoma drainage devices. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies evaluating longitudinal changes in CE cells. This study aims to compare CE changes after AGV implantation in eyes with AC or CS tube placement.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, nonrandomized, longitudinal study of pseudophakic eyes with open-angle glaucoma and medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure that received an AGV. Eyes with additional glaucoma surgeries performed during follow-up were excluded. The main outcome measure was endothelial cell density (ECD), which was evaluated 1 year±2 months and 4 years±2 months postoperatively. The average endothelial cell size (AS) and the distance from the tube tip to the cornea were also evaluated.

Results:
Twenty-six eyes from 26 patients, with a mean age of 73±10 years, were included. The tube was placed in the AC in 15 eyes and in the CS in 11 eyes. The eyes with tube placement in the AC showed a significant AS increase (P=0.007) and ECD decrease (P=0.034), whereas eyes with tube placement in the CS had no significant AS (P=0.575) or ECD (P=0.445) change. In the eyes with tube placement in the AC, there was no correlation between DTC and ECD (P=0.260) or AS (P=0.428) changes.

Conclusions:
Tube placement in the AC seems to lead to significant CE cell loss over time, compared with tube placement in the CS.
Deep Sclerectomy With Intrascleral Versus Suprachoroidal Collagen Implant: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mitwally Rany , Aref Amr , Shaarawy Tarek 
Published: January 2021

Précis:
Deep sclerectomy with intrascleral collagen implant (DSCI) was less effective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) than with suprachoroidal implantation. Further studies are needed to establish the potency and safety of deep sclerectomy with suprachoroidal collagen implant (DSSCI).

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and IOP-lowering effect of DSSCI in comparison with DSCI.

Setting:
Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Methods:
This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study involving 13 patients (26 phakic eyes) with bilateral medically uncontrolled primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma. Bilateral deep sclerectomy was performed with each patient being randomly assigned to receive a collagen implant in the intrascleral space in one eye, and a suprachoroidal collagen implant in the other. Follow-up visits were performed at day 1; at week 1; and at months 6, 9, 12, 18, 30, 48, 54, and 60.

Results:
Mean preoperative IOP was 24.1±4.2 mm Hg for DSCI group and 25.3±5.3 mm Hg for DSSCI group (P=0.1). The mean postoperative IOP was 14.8±4.0 mm Hg (DSCI) versus 9.8±3.7 mm Hg (DSSCI) at month 60 (P=0.01). Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity for the DSCI group was 0.76±0.22 and 0.74±0.23 for the DSSCI group (P=0.001), while the mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.82±0.17 (DSCI) and 0.80±0.17 (DSSCI) at month 60 (P=0.004).

Conclusions:
DSSCI demonstrated a greater IOP-lowering effect than deep sclerectomy with intrascleral implantation. The safety profile of both methods was similar. More patients with a longer follow-up are required to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of this new approach.
A Literature Review on the Benefits for an Interprofessional Educational Program to Increase Novice Nurse Awareness of Case Management in Heart Failure
Authors: Trefethen Emily Prieto 
Published: January 2021

Purpose/Objectives:
The purpose of this literature review is to examine the potential value for an interprofessional education program to increase novice nurse awareness of case management in heart failure (HF).

Primary Practice Setting:
Acute care health care settings involving novice nurses.

Findings/Conclusions:
Evidence demonstrates that interprofessional collaboration on transitional care interventions for HF patients reduces 30-day readmissions. Implementation of an interprofessional education program for novice nurses can be an effective intervention to decrease readmissions by increasing knowledge of the nurse case manager role and development of interprofessional relationships.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Increased awareness of HF case management is important for novice nurses. Understanding the nurse case manager role and early interprofessional collaboration can improve patient health outcomes among the HF population. Therefore, an education program to build confidence and strengthen interprofessional partnership in HF case management for the novice nurse is warranted.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Depression in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Freedland Kenneth E. , Carney Robert M. , Steinmeyer Brian C. , Skala Judith A. , Rich Michael W. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study examined whether the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with depression in patients with heart failure (HF). Other factors were also studied to identify independent correlates of depression in HF.

Methods
The sample consisted of 400 hospitalized patients with HF. Left ventricular ejection fraction and other medical data were obtained from medical records. Depression and other psychosocial characteristics were assessed by an interview and questionnaires. Proportional odds models were used to test the relationships of these characteristics to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) depressive disorders, and analysis of covariance was used to test relationships with continuous measures of depression in secondary models.

Results
The models produced no evidence of an association between left ventricular ejection fraction and depression. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.00 (0.98–1.01; p = .87) for depression diagnosis. Analysis of covariance estimates (standard errors) were −0.01 (0.02; p = .54) for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and −0.01 (0.01; p = .59) for the Patient Health Questionnaire. The odds of depression were higher in African American patients and in those with high levels of anxiety or stress. Other characteristics that have been associated with depression in previous studies, including sex and age, were not consistently associated with depression in this study.

Conclusions
There is no relationship between the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and depression in hospitalized patients with HF. In contrast, African American patients and those with a high level of anxiety or perceived stress are more likely than other patients to have a comorbid depressive disorder.
Tools for Assessing the Performance of Pediatric Perioperative Teams During Simulated Crises: A Psychometric Analysis of Clinician Raters' Scores
Authors: Watkins Scott C. , de Oliveira Filho Getulio R. , Furse Cory M. , Muffly Matthew K. , Ramamurthi R. J. , Redding Amanda T. , Maass Birgit , McEvoy Matthew D. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The pediatric perioperative setting is a dynamic clinical environment where multidisciplinary interprofessional teams interact to deliver complex care to patients. This environment requires clinical teams to possess high levels of complex technical and nontechnical skills. For perioperative teams to identify and maintain clinical competency, well-developed and easy-to-use measures of competency are needed.

Methods
Tools for measuring the technical and nontechnical performance of perioperative teams were developed and/or identified, and a group of raters were trained to use the instruments. The trained raters used the tools to assess pediatric teams managing simulated emergencies. A psychometric analysis of the trained raters' scores using the different instruments was performed and the agreement between the trained raters' scores and a reference score was determined.

Results
Five raters were trained and scored 96 recordings of perioperative teams managing simulated emergencies. Scores from both technical skills assessment tools demonstrated significant reliability within and between ratings with the scenario-specific performance checklist tool demonstrating greater interrater agreement than scores from the global rating scale. Scores from both technical skills assessment tools correlated well with the other and with the reference standard scores. Scores from the Team Emergency Assessment Measure nontechnical assessment tool were more reliable within and between raters and correlated better with the reference standard than scores from the BARS tool.

Conclusions
The clinicians trained in this study were able to use the technical performance assessment tools with reliable results that correlated well with reference scores. There was more variability between the raters' scores and less correlation with the reference standard when the raters used the nontechnical assessment tools. The global rating scale used in this study was able to measure the performance of teams across a variety of scenarios and may be generalizable for assessing teams in other clinical scenarios. The Team Emergency Assessment Measure tool demonstrated reliable measures when used to assess interprofessional perioperative teams in this study.