bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desensitization of human breast progenitors by a transient exposure to pregnancy levels of estrogen
Authors: Rønnov-Jessen Lone , Kim Jiyoung , Goldhammer Nadine , Klitgaard Marie Christine , Smicius Martynas , Bechmann Marc Baker , Villadsen René , Petersen Ole William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFull term pregnancy at an early age is the only factor known to consistently protect against breast cancer. Because hormone receptor positive progenitors in the human breast relay endocrine signaling, we here sought to determine whether an experimental mimicry of the third trimester surge of hormones would change their susceptibility to growth stimulation. Hormone receptor positive, reduction mammoplasty-derived human breast epithelial progenitors were exposed to a short-term, pregnancy-level of estradiol, and their subsequent response to estradiol stimulation was analyzed. Exposure to pregnancy-level of estradiol results in subsequent lower sensitivity to estrogen-induced proliferation. Expression array and immunoblotting reveal upregulation of S100A7 and down-regulation of p27, both associated with parity and epithelial differentiation. Notably, we find that the epithelial differentiation is accompanied by upregulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of vimentin as well as by diminished migration and more mature luminal epithelial differentiation in a mouse transplantation model. Our findings are in support of a de-sensitization mechanism for pregnancy-induced prevention against breast cancer.
From signal-based to comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kotek Gyula , Nunez-Gonzalez Laura , Vogel Mika W. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Poot Dirk H. J. , Hernandez-Tamames Juan A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present and evaluate a new insight into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is based on the algebraic description of the magnetization during the transient response—including intrinsic magnetic resonance parameters such as longitudinal and transverse relaxation times (T1, T2) and proton density (PD) and experimental conditions such as radiofrequency field (B1) and constant/homogeneous magnetic field (B0) from associated scanners. We exploit the correspondence among three different elements: the signal evolution as a result of a repetitive sequence of blocks of radiofrequency excitation pulses and encoding gradients, the continuous Bloch equations and the mathematical description of a sequence as a linear system. This approach simultaneously provides, in a single measurement, all quantitative parameters of interest as well as associated system imperfections. Finally, we demonstrate the in-vivo applicability of the new concept on a clinical MRI scanner.
Incidence and predictors of delirium on the intensive care unit in patients with acute kidney injury, insight from a retrospective registry
Authors: Jäckel Markus , Aicher Nico , Rilinger Jonathan , Bemtgen Xavier , Widmeier Eugen , Wengenmayer Tobias , Duerschmied Daniel , Biever Paul Marc , Stachon Peter , Bode Christoph , Staudacher Dawid Leander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) and delirium are common complications on the intensive care unit (ICU). Few is known about the association of AKI and delirium, as well as about incidence and predictors of delirium in patients with AKI. In this retrospective study, all patients with AKI, as defined by the KDIGO (kidney disease improving global outcome) guideline, treated for more than 24 h on the ICU in an university hospital in 2019 were included and analyzed. Delirium was defined by a NuDesc (Nursing Delirium screening scale) ≥ 2, which is evaluated three times a day in every patient on our ICU as part of daily routine. A total of 383/919 (41.7%) patients developed an AKI during the ICU stay. Delirium was detected in 230/383 (60.1%) patients with AKI. Independent predictors of delirium were: age, psychiatric disease, alcohol abuse, mechanical ventilation, severe shock, and AKI stage II/III (all p < 0.05). The primary cause of illness had no influence on the onset of delirium. Among patients with AKI, the duration of the ICU stay correlated with higher stages of AKI and the presence of delirium (stage I/no delirium: median 1.9 (interquartile range (25th–75th) 1.3–2.9) days; stage II/III/no delirium: 2.6 (1.6–5.5) days; stage I/delirium: 4.1 (2.5–14.3) days; stage II/III/delirium: 6.8 (3.5–11.9) days; all p < 0.01). Delirium, defined as NuDesc ≥ 2 is frequent in patients with AKI on an ICU and independently predicted by higher stages of AKI.
Association between polygenic propensity for psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake
Authors: Hunjan Avina K. , Hübel Christopher , Lin Yuhao , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the observed associations between psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake, genetic studies are limited. We examined whether polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders are associated with nutrient intake in UK Biobank (N = 163,619) using linear mixed models. We found polygenic scores for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia showed the highest number of associations, while a polygenic score for autism spectrum disorder showed no association. The relatively weaker obsessive-compulsive disorder polygenic score showed the greatest effect sizes suggesting its association with diet traits may become more apparent with larger genome-wide analyses. A higher alcohol dependence polygenic score was associated with higher alcohol intake and individuals with higher persistent thinness polygenic scores reported their food to weigh less, both independent of socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that polygenic propensity for a psychiatric disorder is associated with dietary behaviour. Note, nutrient intake was self-reported and findings must therefore be interpreted mindfully.
Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology
Authors: Martinez-Vidal Laura , Murdica Valentina , Venegoni Chiara , Pederzoli Filippo , Bandini Marco , Necchi Andrea , Salonia Andrea , Alfano Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
Novel ultrabright luminescent copper nanoclusters and application in light-emitting devices
Authors: Huang Qiu-Qin , Hu Mei-Yue , Li Yan-Li , Chen Nan-Nan , Li Yi , Wei Qiao-Hua , Fu FengFu 
Published: August 2021

Ultra-small tri/tetra-nuclear copper nanoclusters (Cu3/Cu4) exhibit ultrabright phosphorescence emission (Фem = 71.8 and 63.5%). Cu3 is firstly applied as a single component phosphor for white light-emitting diodes with favourable characteristics.
Construction of LZU1@WO3heterojunction photocatalysts: enhanced photocatalytic performance and mechanism insight
Authors: Shang Simin , Yang Huaizhi , Shi Dajun , Dong Bowen , Zhang Heling , Cheng Qingrong , Pan Zhiquan 
Published: August 2021

Our well-designed nano-WO3@LZU1 composite photocatalysts were fully characterized. Under simulated sunlight, the hybrid materials showed much higher photocatalytic activity for BBR degradation and MB degradation than WO3 or LZU1, and improved hydrogen production capacity.
Capturing the Nature of the Spelling Errors in Developmental Language Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Broc Lucie , Joye Nelly , Dockrell Julie E. , Olive Thierry 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis scoping review aims to identify and analyze the nature of the spelling errors produced by children with developmental language disorder (DLD) across different orthographies. Building on a previous meta-analysis identifying the extent of the spelling difficulties of children with DLD, the review extends our understanding of the nature of the spelling errors produced by children with DLD. Three questions are addressed: Do spelling difficulties in children with DLD stem from weak phonological, orthographic, or morphological representations? What are the patterns of spelling performance in DLD depending on orthographic depth? Do comorbid difficulties with DLD impact spelling?MethodThe scoping review followed the five phases outlined byArksey and O'Malley (2005)and extended byLevac et al. (2010): (a) specifying the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) charting the data; and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.ResultsEighteen studies that provided a qualitative description of the nature of spelling errors produced by children and adolescents with DLD were identified. Spelling performance was examined in relation to control groups that were matched on age, on language features (language, spelling, or reading age), or on co-occurring difficulties.ConclusionsThis review article highlights the key elements that need to be considered when practitioners examine spelling difficulties and provides benchmarks for assessment in a range of alphabetic languages for school-age children. The qualitative analyses indicated that when practitioners evaluate spelling performance in children or adolescents with DLD, three factors should be considered: phonological representations, morphological awareness, and reading skills.
Shoulder girdle recognition using electrophysiological and low frequency anatomical contraction signals for prosthesis control
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Al‐Timemy Ali H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShoulder disarticulation amputees account for a small portion of upper‐limb amputees, thus little emphasis has been devoted to developing functional prosthesis for this cohort of amputees. In this study, shoulder girdle recognition was investigated with acquired data from electrophysiological (electromyography [EMG]) and low frequency contraction (accelerometer [Acc]) signals from both amputee and non‐amputee participants. The contribution of this study is based around the contrast of the classification accuracy (CA) for different sensor configurations using a unique set of signal features. It was seen that the fusion of the EMG‐Acc produced an enhancement in the CA in the range of 10%–20%, depending on which windowing parameters were considered. From this, it was seen that the best combination of a windowing scheme and classifier would likely be for the 350 ms and spectral regression discriminant analysis, with a fusion of the EMG‐Acc information. The results have thus provided evidence that the two sensors can be combined and used in practice for prosthesis control. Taking a holistic view on the study, the authors conclude by providing a framework on how the shoulder motion recognition could be combined with neuromuscular reprogramming to contribute towards easing the cognitive burden of amputees during the prosthesis control process.
Fabrication of 150‐nm AlGaN/GaN field‐plated High Electron Mobility Transistors using i‐line stepper
Authors: Ando Yuji , Makisako Ryutaro , Takahashi Hidemasa , Wakejima Akio , Suda Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reports a high throughput 150‐nm‐gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process using i‐line stepper lithography and a thermal reflow technique. Optimizing thermal reflow conditions, fabrication of a 150‐nm gate structure was successfully realized with the initial resist opening of 0.7 μm. AlGaN/GaN field‐plated HEMTs were fabricated on a semi‐insulating SiC substrate by using this process. In spite of unoptimized structures, fabricated 150‐nm gate devices exhibited the maximum drain current of 0.65 A/mm and the gate‐drain breakdown voltage exceeding 200 V. Based on cold HEMT extraction measurements, the average gate length of 187 nm and the standard deviation of 30 nm were obtained on a quarter 4‐in. wafer.
UWB bandpass SSL filter with an adjustable notched band and four transmission zeros
Authors: Xu Z. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUWB suspended stripline (SSL) bandpass filter with an adjustable notched band and four transmission zeros (Tzs) is proposed here. To prevent interference signals from the wireless local‐area network (WLAN) entering UWB system, a short‐stub resonant network is introduced to this UWB filter. In addition, utilizing different resonant modes of the two short–stubs, four Tzs are generated to improve the skirt selectivity. Both the centre frequency of the notched band and the positions of Tzs can be controlled by tuning the structural parameters. The UWB SSL bandpass filter is designed, fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
A steady‐state analysis method for pole‐to‐pole faults under different transition resistances in voltage source converter‐based DC systems
Authors: Xiao Zhengguang , Zheng Xiaodong , Tai Nengling , Fan Chunju , He Yangyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFault analysis is an essential prerequisite for fault detection, location and isolation. A detailed fault analysis method on the steady state of the pole‐to‐pole fault for voltage source converter (VSC) based DC systems is presented in this paper. According to fault characteristics under different transition resistances (TRs), the steady‐state response is divided into three scenarios: low transition resistance with blocked converter (LTRBC), medium transition resistance with blocked converter (MTRBC) and high transition resistance with unblocked converter (HTRUC). When TR is relatively low, fault currents through insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are large and the converter is blocked. After an in‐depth study of freewheel diodes’ conduction states, the iterative method is utilized to solve the steady state under blocked converter. When TR is relatively high, fault currents through IGBTs are not large enough to block the converter. With the unblocked converter, control strategy and pulse width modulation (PWM) are investigated to obtain steady‐state fault currents. Finally, a reasonable simulation model was built in PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results verified the fault analysis accuracy, with much less calculation error than that of the conventional method. Besides, the proposed analysis method was proved applicable to fault scenarios under different TRs.
Novel pure‐metal tri‐axis CMOS‐MEMS accelerometer design and implementation
Authors: Wen Jung‐Hung , Fang Weileum 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work proposed a pure‐metal, single‐proof‐mass structure fabricated by the standard 0.18 μm one‐poly‐silicon six‐metal (1P6M) CMOS process along with one in‐house post‐CMOS wet‐etching approach. The implemented state‐of‐the‐art symmetrical tri‐axis accelerometer consists of the disk‐like mezzanine proof‐mass and four diagonal double‐layered springs. Three sets of the addressable quadrant electrodes underneath the proof‐mass with additional interlayer inter‐digital comb‐conductors help to fulfil the high sensibilities of 248.6, 250.8, and 220.1 mV/G for the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes, respectively. Symmetrical‐structure and addressable‐electrode design of the device also effectively eliminates the cross‐coupling effects. The thin‐film composite springs can be width‐trimmed for the necessities of specification changes, and the optional calibration pads also provide the on‐chip accuracy compensations. The fabricated tri‐axis accelerometer reveals stable and consistent results and exemplifies a potential platform design for the highly integrated monolithic CMOS‐MEMS system‐on‐chip applications.
Study of Earthquake Effects on Structures and Mitigation Measures: A Literature Review
Authors: Manoharan Shimna , Aishwarya B , Prabhu Anusha P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Earthquake is the phenomenon of sudden release of built-up energy due to the tectonic plate’s movement induces tremors along the lithospheric surface of Earth in the form of waves called seismic wave. Soil liquefaction, structural instability, surface faults and uplifts, triggering landslides and tsunami are some of its causes. These induce changes in the terrain of the concerned areas. Earthquake is commonly of four types, namely tectonic, collapse, volcanic and explosion and are classified based on cause of origin, depth of focus and intensity. The effects produced by action of earthquake on structures can be reduced by following certain measures such as verifying structure of the terrain and history of seismic activity, analyzing seismic performance of structure, design verification and utilization of available preventive and corrective techniques. This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis, mitigation and incorporation of the same into designing strategies.
A Review on the Progressive Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Lavendra Samrat , Raghavendra T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The progressive collapse analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) building occurs when an extreme event arises (vehicle collision, gas explosion, bomb blasts, etc.), which often cause damage to the RC structural frame were a sudden loss of primary structural element takes place or due to the failure of one or more critical structural element leading the structure to partial or entire collapse. The fear of progressive collapse is growing, due to the partial collapse of the 22-story Ronan point apartment in 1968, leading to a gas burst and attacks in Oklahoma City, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in 1995, and the attacks on the world trade center in Lower Manhattan, New York in the year 2001. The trend is now to attain strong buildings which can be operational after such extreme events, especially when the building is occupied by a large number of persons. This paper reviews the progressive collapse study on RC frame structure based on various numerical, analytical, and experimental methods which are reported and discussed in the literature. In comparison with bare RC frame, the advantageous impact of the masonry infill wall on the RC structural frame is summed up against the progressive collapse.
Advanced Applications of Artificial Intelligent Systems in Civil Engineering: A Review
Authors: Kate Shrikant , Swami Vidula , Doiphode Sanjay , Singh Vijay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses on smart machines and their architecture and application. Solutions to complex systems need large computing resources, but AI-based technologies may provide simpler alternative solutions. As a result, the use of AI has grown in a variety of technological fields in recent years in general and has extended to civil engineering in particular. Civil engineering, on the other hand, has not yet been extensively investigated using AI techniques. To fill in the gap, this paper explores, how artificial intelligence has been used and developed in civil engineering in recent years, including Machine Learning Techniques, with the advancement of machine learning techniques in recent years, big data and deep learning developments have been successfully implemented in numerous fields of civil engineering. The research direction and challenges of artificial intelligence in civil engineering over the last few years can be learned through the work of this paper. This paper discusses the use of artificial intelligence technologies in civil engineering, including machine learning techniques, smart algorithms, big data, and deep learning.
Study on Effects of Pumice in High Performance Light Weight Concrete by Replacing Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Manoj V , Sridhar R , Ajey Kumar V G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pumice is a rock particle that was used in this experiment’s concrete, and light weight aggregate is a type of aggregate that is lighter than natural aggregate. The major purpose of the suggested methodology is to use optimization techniques to frame a mathematical model. Structural lightweight concrete is used extensively in the construction sector, particularly in high-rise buildings. Only lightweight aggregates can be used to make it. Pumice is a solid component and a highly porous rock light in nature that can be used as an alternative to coarse aggregate (CA) in concrete and Nano Silica an alternative for cement. This lightweight aggregate, on the other hand, has a higher density than other natural and artificial lightweight aggregates. As a result, the density of concrete made with this lightweight aggregate is relatively high, falling into the semi-lightweight concrete category. According to the latest analysis, to further at the density of an lightweight concrete with high strength, Pumice was partially replaced with a coarse aggregate. In this study, pumice was substituted for CA in percentages of 0%, 20% and 30% by quantity and Nano Silica replaced in 1-3% for different mixes to predict three output parameters such as compressive strength (Mpa), split tensile strength (Mpa), flexural strength (Mpa). The addition of pumice to CA concrete decreases density while also lowering all mechanical properties, according to test results. This is because pumice has a smooth surface texture and has a lower density than CA. On the other hand, lightweight concrete containing more than 20% pumice changes into structural lightweight concrete with excellent strength. Several studies demonstrated an overall gain in strength as well as weight loss. As a result, light-weight concrete is equal to heavy-weight concrete in terms of strength.
Comparative Analysis of Various Insulation Materials for Building Envelope Components
Authors: Sugandha Rathan N , Raut Ashwin , Gnana Rahul B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to growing environmental and economic concerns in recent years there has been a renewed interest in building energy efficiency as building contribute a huge consumption of energy across world. Among the effective and compatible ways of energy conservation technologies available today, insulation of buildings is most relevant as it also reduces negative environmental impacts and annual energy costs. The building envelope comprises of different components which are pre-dominant in evaluating thermal performance of a building. A proper selection of insulation materials results in a low energy demand process. In any material selection procedure, the ultimatum is of addressing material properties, parameters, criteria and performance characteristics. Hence this study aims to provide a knowledge base on identified insulation materials for corresponding building components with respect to material properties and performance parameters and recommend best material. Study presents comparative analysis of insulation options available for various building components.