bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property rights policies of higher education institutions (HEIs) in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sattiraju Vijay Kumar , Pandey Ravi , Pallela Ramjee , Sircar Anindya , Ligade Virendra S. , Muragundi Pradeep M. , Janodia Manthan D. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the intellectual property (IP) policy and innovation practices of higher education institutions (HEIs) and to understand the impact of national intellectual property rights (IPR) policy at the ground level. It identifies the barriers of HEIs in the generation of IP, its commercialization and technology transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study aims to understand the innovation practices and IP policy framework of HEIs in India. It was studied in a qualitative approach with a structured questionnaire tool deployed to the top management of HEIs (targeted respondents), using convenience sampling methods.

Findings
The results imply that IP policies and innovation practices of HEIs in India are evolving and need to align with the global standard as envisaged in the national IPR policy. Lack of commensurate incentives to the inventors, linkages with industries and facilities were found to be major barriers among HEIs and research institutions. Institutional IP policy shall be framed to promote industry linkages with universities resulting in successful IP generation and technology transfer.

Research limitations/implications
The sample size in this study is less; however, it does not have an impact on the study outcome, as it is a qualitative approach.

Practical implications
This study brings awareness among stakeholders of IP generation and commercialization regarding the barriers and needed changes to overcome them through policy.

Social implications
It helps policymakers to redesign the tools of IP and innovation policy to enable the innovation promotion at HEIs. This study identifies innovation practices and institutional barriers in the generation of IP.

Originality/value
This qualitative survey-based study helps in understanding the innovation practices of HEIs in India. It also aims to identify the barriers of HEIs on the generation and commercialization of IP.
I want to learn more! Integrating technology acceptance and task–technology fit models for predicting behavioural and future learning intentions
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , De Rosa Assunta , Viceconte Enrico 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Constant and frequent technological changes within organizations call for further scholarly attention, as behavioural intentions need to be coupled also with future learning intentions to predict the present and prospective individual adaptations and performance. This study, grounded on the technology acceptance model, aims to examine the association between training opportunities and behavioural and future learning intentions also taking into account the role of task–technology fit as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was carried out within a single organization in the water processing sector on a sample of 200 workers who recently experienced a technological change through the adoption of System Application and Product in data processing. A moderated–mediation model was estimated through regression analyses with bootstrapping.

Findings
The results were consistent with study hypotheses. In particular, task–technology fit amplified the positive association between perceived ease of use and training opportunities as well as the indirect effect of this latter on both behavioural and future learning intentions through perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In sum, the hypothesized moderated–mediation model was confirmed.

Originality/value
Three novelty factors of this study can be stressed: it is among the few studies carried out on Italian workers in the realm of technology adoption, it expanded the technology acceptance model by including traditional behavioural intentions and future learning intentions as outcome variables and it integrated the task–technology fit perspective within the technology acceptance model.
The relationship between climate change and internal migration in the Americas
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro , Martínez Díaz Esteban , Monroy Becerril Dulce María 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between climate change and internal migration in the Americas.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review type of research synthesize the state of knowledge; it was searched through the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, among other databases, for articles that focused on climate migration, gender, water stress and models for predicting movement.FindingsDecreased water availability and increased prevalence to water-related disasters causes internal migration. Also, male out migration is quite prevalent in South American nations with women being left to take care of the families.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need for further primary research to analyse what actions the Americas are taking to carve out a large policy-making space for themselves in climate change and internal migration.Originality/valueThe 32 papers explored in the discussion section present a novel insight into climate change, water usage, gender and internal migration. The papers also elucidate that cultural and ideological conflicts are bound to occur as the communities move with the receiving society finding it hard to accommodate the needs of the climate migrants.
CEO social capital and asset sell-offs
Authors: Danso Charles , Kaprielyan Margarita , Hossain Md Miran 
Published: June 2021

PurposeRecent studies explore how chief executive officer (CEO) social capital affects corporate decision-making. Well-connected CEOs can have greater access to information, which can lead to better corporate decisions or permit them to amass power from hierarchy status and make self-serving decisions. This study examines whether investors perceive CEO social capital as a signal of good decision-making (assuming information asymmetry) surrounding asset sell-off events.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use multivariate regression analysis to examine the effect of CEO social capital on the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of the asset buyers and sellers. CARs are estimated using a market model in the period proximate to asset sell-off announcements.FindingsThe authors find that CEO social capital is positively associated with announcement returns of the asset sellers. Moreover, the positive effect of CEO social capital on announcement returns is more pronounced for sellers facing greater information asymmetry. An analysis of post-announcement stock performance reveals that the seller CEO social capital is associated with additional value generated for the shareholders of the seller after a month from the announcement date, especially if the transaction price is disclosed. Overall, findings are consistent with the argument that CEO social capital provides value in high information asymmetry environment.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge this is the first study to examine the effect of CEO social capital on the shareholders' wealth created by divestitures.
Disrupting social marketing through a practice-oriented approach
Authors: Spotswood Fiona , Wiltshire Gareth , Spear Sara , Makris Angela 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore four disruptions that practice theory makes to traditional social marketing approaches to school physical activity (PA) intervention.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on existing literature from sustainable consumption, sociology of health and illness and the authors’ experiences working with primary schools in the UK to plan and execute social marketing approaches to PA, targeting interconnected social practices from which PA emerges or fails to emerge. The paper explores a practice-oriented theoretical framing, engaging with calls from interdisciplinary areas for PA interventions to shape the PA emerging from a school’s everyday routines, rather than promote PA participation at an individual level.

Findings
The paper argues first that a practice perspective would focus on situation research rather than audience research, with practices rather than people as the focus. Second, the purpose of practice-oriented social marketing would be to achieve transitions in practices rather than behaviour change. Third, the planning and management approach of practice-oriented social marketing would account for unintended consequences and complex interconnections between practices. Finally, an evolved evaluation approach to practice-oriented social marketing would take a longer term approach to understand how cultural transitions are emerging.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to an important stream of critical social marketing scholarship that seeks to advance social marketing away from its individualist routes. It sets an agenda for further research that considers the ontological and practical possibilities for practice informed approach to social marketing.
Design for additive manufacturing: a comprehensive review of the tendencies and limitations of methodologies
Authors: Lopez Taborda Luis Lisandro , Maury Heriberto , Pacheco Jovanny 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
There are many investigations in design methodologies, but there are also divergences and convergences as there are so many points of view. This study aims to evaluate to corroborate and deepen other researchers’ findings, dissipate divergences and provide directing to future work on the subject from a methodological and convergent perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes the previous reviews (about 15 reviews) and based on the consensus and the classifications provided by these authors, a significant sample of research is analyzed in the design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) theme (approximately 80 articles until June of 2017 and approximately 280–300 articles until February of 2019) through descriptive statistics, to corroborate and deepen the findings of other researchers.

Findings
Throughout this work, this paper found statistics indicating that the main areas studied are: multiple objective optimizations, execution of the design, general DFAM and DFAM for functional performance. Among the main conclusions: there is a lack of innovation in the products developed with the methodologies, there is a lack of exhaustivity in the methodologies, there are few efforts to include environmental aspects in the methodologies, many of the methods include economic and cost evaluation, but are not very explicit and broad (sustainability evaluation), it is necessary to consider a greater variety of functions, among other conclusions

Originality/value
The novelty in this study is the methodology. It is very objective, comprehensive and quantitative. The starting point is not the case studies nor the qualitative criteria, but the figures and quantities of methodologies. The main contribution of this review article is to guide future work on the subject from a methodological and convergent perspective and this article provides a broad database with articles containing information on many issues to make decisions: design methodology; optimization; processes, selection of parts and materials; cost and product management; mechanical, electrical and thermal properties; health and environmental impact, etc.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism operations and resilience: stakeholders’ perspective in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunarathne A.C.I.D. , Ranasinghe J.P.R.C. , Sammani U.G.O. , Perera K.J.T. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The tourism industry has been extensively affected by numerous disasters throughout its history including 30 decades of ethnic war, the tsunami disaster in 2004 and the Easter Sunday attack in 2019 substantially impacted the resources and capacities of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on Sri Lanka as a tourism destination and the tourism industry as a resilient sector of the economy.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study was conducted from July 2020 to September 2020 focusing on the perspectives of multi-level stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry in three distinct areas of Sri Lanka, namely, the coastal area, hill country and cultural triangle. The data were collected from 15 stakeholders via semistructured interviews. Convenience sampling method was used to choose the sample and thematic analysis was occupied to meet the study objectives.

Findings
This study will help to reframe the resources and capacities of the country as an emerging destination identifying the diverse credentials from the perspective of different stakeholders to embed the essential resilience after the pandemic.

Research limitations/implications
The prevailing lockdown situation and travel restrictions within the country was a huge challenge during the data collection process. Further to that, the respondents were reluctant to meet outsiders owing to the health threat, and hence some important stakeholders were missing from the study.

Originality/value
This study proposes effective measures to build up a robust destination, necessary strategic planning for policymakers and provisions for stakeholders in the industry to address the health and safety of travelers in the case of future potential health epidemics.
The immunoregulatory axis (programmed death‐1/programmed death ligand‐1) on CD4+ T cells in lupus nephritis: association with vitamin D and chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 12
Authors: Youssry Sara , Hussein Amina , Moaaz Mai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of LN. A deep understanding of the immunopathogenesis of LN is essential to identify optimal molecular targets, as most immunotherapeutic algorithms are still based on unselective drugs. The study aimed to elucidate the possible association of vitamin D deficiency with the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) axis and inflammatory response in patients with LN, as well as the relationship between the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12). Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of CD279 (PD‐1) and CD274 (PD‐L1) in the peripheral CD3+CD4+ cell population of persons with LN. Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect serum CXCL12 and vitamin D concentrations. A distinct decrease of PD‐1 and a significant increase of PD‐L1 was demonstrated in patients with LN compared with either SLE patients with no LN or healthy controls. The PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis was negatively correlated with different disease parameters. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more prevalent in patients with LN than in controls, being significantly associated with disease activity and inversely associated with the PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, CXCL12 was negatively correlated with the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and vitamin D concentration. The findings suggest an involvement of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in lupus nephritis, which might serve as a potential highly selective therapeutic target that is more effective but less toxic. In addition, restoring adequate vitamin D levels in lupus nephritis could be a possible simple measure to control inflammatory immune responses.
Using leading and lagging indicators for forest restoration
Authors: Ota Liz , Firn Jennifer , Chazdon Robin L. , Gregorio Nestor , Mukul Sharif A. , Viani Ricardo A. G. , Romero Claudia , Herbohn John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Forest restoration targets are often planned, implemented, measured and reported based on few short‐term lagging indicators (i.e. indicators of realised outcomes), such as the number of seedlings and area planted.

We propose the use of leading indicators, which denote likelihood of a certain outcome (e.g. odds that seedlings are of quality and properly planted) to complement lagging indicators and describe how this construct differs from the current practice and how they can be used in conjunction with available frameworks for forest restoration.

Leading indicators have great promise to complement lagging indicators because they address the near‐term factors more likely to influence the progress and performance of restoration efforts. For example, secure land tenure (leading indicator) can increase the likelihood of long‐term maintenance and protection (lagging indicator), and the use of best practices in quality seedling production (leading indicator) can increase survival rate (lagging indicator).

By observing near‐term leading indicators, management can be adapted towards a goal. Long‐term impacts cannot be verified in the early stages of forest restoration, hence claiming success within the length of project cycles is often unrealistic. Reporting on leading indicators can inform the likelihood that forest restoration goals will be achieved in the longer term.

Synthesis and applications. Leading indicators complement lagging indicators and can be used in forest restoration beyond monitoring and evaluation. Indicators can also be used in the design, adaptive management and reporting of restoration interventions. Leading indicators can be used to identify issues that might prevent success in a timely manner so they can be addressed.
Variation in resource allocation strategies and environmental driving factors for different life‐forms of aquatic plants in cold temperate zones
Authors: Hu Jingwen , Yu Hongwei , Li Yang , Wang Junnan , Lv Tian , Liu Chunhua , Yu Dan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Resource allocation, including biomass allocation and nutrient allocation between different organs in a plant, reflects the trade‐off in partitioning between above‐ground and below‐ground organs and the growth and adaptation strategies of plants in a changing environment. Although varied resource allocation patterns among different organs in different functional groups of terrestrial plants have been found, few studies have focused on freshwater ecosystems.

In this study, to clarify biomass and nutrient allocation strategies and their responses to environmental factors, we collected and analysed 2,162 samples from 262 aquatic plant communities (including emergent plants, floating‐leaved plants and submerged plants) in various aquatic habitats in north‐eastern China.

The results showed that the root/shoot (R/S) ratios of the three aquatic plant life‐forms were significantly different, and the trend showed that the ratio values for the three plant life‐forms occurred in the following order: emergent plants > floating‐leaved plants > submerged plants. There were obvious scaling relationships between above‐ground biomass, N (or P or N:P ratios) and below‐ground biomass, N (or P or N:P ratios), but their scaling exponents changed among different aquatic plant life‐forms. The allocation of biomass and nutrients between different organ responses to environmental factors was not consistent for the different life‐forms of aquatic plants. The partial least squares path model revealed that plant stoichiometric characteristics are important direct drivers of biomass production. Climate conditions, water properties and soil nutrients indirectly affect biomass through effects on plant stoichiometric characteristics.

Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that global climate change may affect water properties and soil nutrients, influence plant stoichiometric characteristics and affect aquatic plant growth, further altering aquatic plant community structure and biogeochemical cycles.
Circulating levels of hydrogen sulphide negatively correlate to nitrite levels in gestational hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnant women
Authors: Possomato‐Vieira Jose Sergio , Palei Ana Carolina , Pinto‐Souza Caroline Cristina , Cavalli Ricardo , Dias‐Junior Carlos Alan , Sandrim Valeria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of preeclampsia and the role of nitric oxide (NO) has been extensively studied in this pregnancy complication. In recent years, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has arisen as a new gasotransmitter with an impact on endothelial function. However, the involvement of H2S in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not fully understood, and only a few studies with limited sample size have investigated circulating levels of H2S in preeclamptic patients. Moreover, H2S levels have not been previously evaluated in gestational hypertension. Furthermore, the relationship between H2S and NO in these hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has yet to be determined. We measured H2S levels in plasma of 120 healthy pregnant women, 88 gestational hypertensive and 62 preeclamptic women. We also measured plasma nitrite in a subset of patients and carried out correlation analysis between plasma H2S and nitrite in these three groups. We found that plasma H2S was elevated in preeclampsia and further increased in gestational hypertension compared to healthy pregnancy. Plasma nitrite was reduced in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, and these levels were negatively correlated with H2S in both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, but not in healthy pregnancy. Our results indicate that increases in H2S may represent a mechanism triggered as an attempt to compensate reduced NO in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Future studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying H2S/NO interaction on mediating endothelial dysfunction in these hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Predicting the dynamics of establishing tree populations: A framework for statistical inference and lessons for data collection
Authors: Lamonica Dominique , Pagel Jörn , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Under global change, there is an urgent need to forecast the dynamics of establishing tree populations. However, tree population dynamics are slow and historical data on these dynamics are rare. This raises the question whether tree population dynamics can be reconstructed from data collected at a single time point. Doing so poses challenges for modelling, data collection and model‐data integration.

We present a Bayesian framework that uses multiple data types to parametrize an individual‐based model (IBM) for the growth of establishing tree populations. The framework combines likelihood‐based Bayesian inference and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Using this framework, we assess the information content of three data types (recruitment data, dendrochronological data describing individual growth and molecular markers characterizing within‐population pedigrees) by comparing the bias and uncertainty of parameter estimates and model forecasts obtained under different simulated scenarios of data availability.

The combination of all data types leads to accurate forecasts of the future state of tree populations, despite large uncertainties in some parameter estimates. Dendrochronological data were the most informative of the examined data types. Combining data types improved forecasts of population state. Nevertheless, for a given parameter related to a given process, combining data types did not improve estimates compared to using only the data type most closely related to the process.

The presented Bayesian framework allows to infer the dynamics of establishing tree populations from data collected at a single time point. It helps to optimally allocate limited resources for data collection in order to rapidly improve the understanding and forecasting of tree population dynamics.