bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconditional deep-water limit of the intermediate long wave equation in low-regularity
Authors: Forlano Justin , Li Guopeng , Zhao Tengfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we establish the unconditional deep-water limit of the intermediate long wave equation (ILW) to the Benjamin-Ono equation (BO) in low-regularity Sobolev spaces on both the real line and the circle. Our main tool is new unconditional uniqueness results for ILW in

$$H^s$$

H
s

when

$$s_0<s\le \frac{1}{4}$$

s
0

<
s
≤

1
4

on the line and

$$s_0<s< \frac{1}{2}$$

s
0

<
s
<

1
2

on the circle, where

$$s_0 = 3-\sqrt{33/4}\approx 0.1277$$

s
0

=
3
-

33
/
4

≈
0.1277

. Here, we adapt the strategy of Moşincat-Pilod (Pure Appl Anal 5:285–322, 2023) for BO to the setting of ILW by viewing ILW as a perturbation of BO and making use of the smoothing property of the perturbation term.
The role of essential oils as eco-friendly strategy to control biofilm collected in the Colosseum (Rome, Italy)
Authors: Ranaldi Roberta , Rugnini Lorenza , Migliore Giada , Tasso Flavia , Gabriele Francesco , Spreti Nicoletta , Scuderi Francesco , Braglia Roberto , Di Martino Patrick , Pujia Angelica , Canini Antonella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The control of biodeteriogenic microorganisms is essential for the management of heritage sites. Many conventional biocides are no longer available because they have lost their efficacy or have been withdrawn from the market due to their danger to humans and the environment. Therefore, new effective and sustainable biocides are needed, such as plant extracts that could be a good alternative. In this study, essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., Cinnamomum verum Presl, Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Origanum vulgare L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden & Betche were tested as green biocides against microorganisms collected from biofilms in the hypogeum of the Colosseum (Rome, Italy). Biocidal screening was first carried out on phototrophic microorganisms grown on BG11 agar culture medium. The efficacy was assessed by measuring photosynthetic activity with a mini-PAM portable fluorometer, and by determining morphological changes or the absence of autofluorescence using light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The most effective EOs against phototrophs were further tested to inhibit the growth of heterotrophic fungi and bacteria in order to identify those with a broad-spectrum action. The EOs of cinnamon, oregano and thyme at 5% concentration (v/v) were the most effective against the microorganisms isolated from the biofilms in the Colosseum. These EOs represent a green alternative to traditional chemical biocides due to their activity against a wide range of microorganisms and their complex composition which suggests the potential to reduce the risk of microbial resistance.

Key points

Biofilms collected from the Colosseum hypogeum were characterized

EOs tested as biocides against phototrophs and heterotrophs in Colosseum biofilms.

Cinnamon, oregano, and thyme EOs show broad-spectrum action at 5% concentration.

Graphical Abstract
Deep learning-based time-of-flight (ToF) enhancement of non-ToF PET scans for different radiotracers
Authors: Mehranian Abolfazl , Wollenweber Scott D. , Bradley Kevin M. , Fielding Patrick A. , Huellner Martin , Iagaru Andrei , Dedja Meghi , Colwell Theodore , Kotasidis Fotis , Johnsen Robert , Jansen Floris P. , McGowan Daniel R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate a deep learning-based time-of-flight (DLToF) model trained to enhance the image quality of non-ToF PET images for different tracers, reconstructed using BSREM algorithm, towards ToF images.

Methods
A 3D residual U-NET model was trained using 8 different tracers (FDG: 75% and non-FDG: 25%) from 11 sites from US, Europe and Asia. A total of 309 training and 33 validation datasets scanned on GE Discovery MI (DMI) ToF scanners were used for development of DLToF models of three strengths: low (L), medium (M) and high (H). The training and validation pairs consisted of target ToF and input non-ToF BSREM reconstructions using site-preferred regularisation parameters (beta values). The contrast and noise properties of each model were defined by adjusting the beta value of target ToF images. A total of 60 DMI datasets, consisting of a set of 4 tracers (18F-FDG, 18F-PSMA, 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-DOTATATE) and 15 exams each, were collected for testing and quantitative analysis of the models based on standardized uptake value (SUV) in regions of interest (ROI) placed in lesions, lungs and liver. Each dataset includes 5 image series: ToF and non-ToF BSREM and three DLToF images. The image series (300 in total) were blind scored on a 5-point Likert score by 4 readers based on lesion detectability, diagnostic confidence, and image noise/quality.

Results
In lesion SUVmax quantification with respect to ToF BSREM, DLToF-H achieved the best results among the three models by reducing the non-ToF BSREM errors from -39% to -6% for 18F-FDG (38 lesions); from -42% to -7% for 18F-PSMA (35 lesions); from -34% to -4% for 68Ga-PSMA (23 lesions) and from -34% to -12% for 68Ga-DOTATATE (32 lesions). Quantification results in liver and lung also showed ToF-like performance of DLToF models. Clinical reader resulted showed that DLToF-H results in an improved lesion detectability on average for all four radiotracers whereas DLToF-L achieved the highest scores for image quality (noise level). The results of DLToF-M however showed that this model results in the best trade-off between lesion detection and noise level and hence achieved the highest score for diagnostic confidence on average for all radiotracers.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the DLToF models are suitable for both FDG and non-FDG tracers and could be utilized for digital BGO PET/CT scanners to provide an image quality and lesion detectability comparable and close to ToF.
Managing hydrocephalus in 54 infants under 3 months of age: A single center cohort study
Authors: Van Rijen S. R. M. , Groenendaal F. , Han K. S. , Tataranno M. L. , Woerdeman P. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Managing hydrocephalus in infants can be very challenging. The most used permanent hydrocephalus treatment in young patients is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement. Obstructive hydrocephalus in selected young patients can be treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). However, in infants less than 6 months of age, the outcome of both procedures remains to be bothered with complications, revision surgeries and long-term shunt dependency. This retrospective study analyzes the management of hydrocephalus in 54 very young infants with different etiological causes.

Methods
Data was collected retrospectively from a single center university hospital over a 5-year period (2018–2022). All patients under 3 months of age with progressive ventriculomegaly confirmed by cranial ultrasound (cUS), who required neurosurgical intervention, were eligible for this study. Hydrocephalus was treated with serial tapping from a ventricular access device (VAD), placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts and/or performing a thulium laser-assisted ETV.

Results
Twelve patients benefited sufficiently from a VAD to normalize ventricular volume lastingly. Forty-two patients required permanent treatment (28 underwent a VPS; 14 an ETV if there was obstructive hydrocephalus) at an average age of 2.5 months. The VPS failure rate was 32.1% and the ETV failure rate was 50%. Although not significantly different, patients with failed ETV tended to be younger than patients with successful ETV (p = 0.38). One week before permanent ETV treatment, relatively large ventricular volumes were measured in failed ETV patients, as compared to successful ETVs.

Conclusions
Managing hydrocephalus in very young infants remains challenging regarding surgical strategy, reducing shunt dependency and decreasing current complication rates. In addition to a VPS, an ETV has shown to be a successful treatment option for hydrocephalus in well-selected very young infants. The opportunity to decrease ventricular volume with a VAD could have contributed to the success of an ETV in this young patient group.
Hydrochromic paper-based dosimeter for monitoring UV light exposure based on the photochemical formation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Choleva Tatiana G. , Karagianni Vasiliki I. , Giokas Dimosthenis L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A paper-based UV dosimeter/indicator based on the solid-state photochemical reduction of gold-cationic surfactant complexes is described. Upon exposure to UV light, the photoreductive elimination of chloride ions from the CTA-AuCl4
− complex leads to the reduction of Au ions and the formation of small Au nuclei. After hydration, the Au nuclei are washed away by capillary flow and produce gold nanoparticles by coalescence and aggregation, resulting in a blue-purple coloration on the paper surface. The reaction is initiated by UV light of variable wavelength (from UVA at 254 nm tο UVC at 365 nm) and over a wide range of UV doses (up to 3000 mJ/cm2 for UVB at 312 nm and UVC at 365 nm). This versatility allows for its application in monitoring light exposure in germicidal sterilization, UV phototherapy, and as a personal solar UV indicator. The user-friendly paper facilitates both the fabrication and use of the devices, which can be activated on demand by simply wetting the paper surface.

Graphical abstract
Too hot to handle? Heat-illness knowledge gaps and prevention shortfalls among German sports coaches
Authors: Schneider Sven , Jabakhanji Samira Barbara , Leer Sophie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Heatwaves are expected to become more frequent, longer and more intense in the future. Outdoor athletes are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change as heat can result in life-threatening heat illnesses such as heat stroke. Coaches play a crucial role in the prevention of heat-related illnesses in sports. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and practices of coaches in relation to heat-related risks in sports.

Subject and methods
This nationwide representative study was conducted among 1200 outdoor sports coaches from the ten largest outdoor sports associations in Germany. To assess the coaches’ preventive knowledge, the Knowledge of Heat-Related Illness Symptoms Index was used. In addition, the prevention practices index evaluated the implementation of preventive measures.

Results
There were significant differences in knowledge of heat symptoms across various sports. The implementation of preventive measures was also insufficient, especially in terms of hydration. Institutional support for heat protection was limited, with coaches requesting more information and training. Factors such as geographical location, coaching qualifications and type of sport impacted the extent of heat protection provided to athletes.

Conclusion
In Germany, coaches are insufficiently prepared for the health hazards of heat. Promoting educational programmes and providing appropriate equipment is essential to ensure safer sports environments.
Impact of Financial Incentives on Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Hémono Rebecca , Katabaro Emmanuel , Joseph Babuu , Maila Hamza , Msasa Janeth , Hassan Kassim , Winters Solis , Prata Ndola , H. Dow William , Njau Prosper , Sabasaba Amon , I. McCoy Sandra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Financial incentives have demonstrated effectiveness in improving outcomes for people living with HIV; however, little is known about their impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) in this vulnerable population. A cluster-randomized trial investigating financial incentives and viral suppression was conducted in the Lake Zone of Tanzania (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0420135). Between May 2021-March 2022, 32 clinics were randomized 1:1 to receive the standard of care (SOC) or to offer 22,500 TZS (~$10 USD) to individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy monthly for up to 6 months, conditional on clinic attendance. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted to examine the effect of financial incentives on IPV among partnered women at 6 months (n = 494), with prevalence differences (PD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated using generalized estimating equations. Subgroup analyses were conducted among women partnered at 6 months only and women partnered at both baseline and 6 months. Past 6-month IPV was reported by 241 (48.8%) partnered women. Emotional IPV was the most common form of violence (47.8%), followed by physical (7.5%) and sexual IPV (5.1%). There were no significant differences in past 6-month IPV between arms in the primary (49.6% SOC vs. 48.1% incentive, PD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.15) or subgroup analyses. These findings suggest that small, short-term financial incentives used to improve HIV treatment outcomes do not significantly alter IPV risks, however with the width of the CIs it is not possible to rule out small and moderate-sized effects. Further research among larger samples is needed as financial incentive programs are brought to scale for people living with HIV.
Ensemble learning algorithms based on easyensemble sampling for financial distress prediction
Authors: Liu Wei , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Du Shuyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ensemble learning algorithms show good forecasting performances for financial distress in many studies. Despite considering the feature selection and feature importance procedures, most overlook imbalanced data handling. This study proposes the Easyensemble method based on undersampling and combines it with ensemble learning models to predict financial distress. The results show that Easyensemble sampling presents better forecasting performance than SMOTE sampling. We subsequently conduct Permutation Importance (PIMP), Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and partial dependence plots, and the experimental results show that the feature selection procedure can effectively reduce the number of indicators without affecting the prediction accuracy, improve the prediction efficiency as well as save processing time. In addition, the indicators from profitability, cash flow, solvency, and structural ratios are essential in predicting financial distress.
EU Food Law and Ultra-Processed Food Markets: Safety from What and for Whom?
Authors: Zokaityte A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the limitations of EU food law in safeguarding public health within ultra-processed food (UPF) markets, focusing on food additives as a case study. It critiques the EU’s reliance on macronutrient profiling and consumer informational regulation, arguing these approaches inadequately address systemic health risks associated with UPFs. By analysing current food additive regulations, the article maps out gaps in the EU’s food safety assessments, including the failure to consider cumulative and long-term health effects of additive consumption. It also shows how these risks are distributed unequally within structurally inequitable UPF markets, disproportionately burdening the most vulnerable consumers. The article critiques the EU’s focus on individual responsibility for dietary choices and calls for a reassessment of food safety standards to address structural risks and ensure equitable safety access within UPF markets.
‘Do songs tell stories?’ An empirical analysis of the effect of emotional arcs on success in a national song contest
Authors: Rösch Jürgen , Rauch Maxi-Josephine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores whether the lyrics of songs influence their success in a national song contest. We constructed emotional arcs from over 6.763 song lyrics and examined their impact on contest performance. Our findings reveal that these emotional arcs echo established behavioral phenomena such as the ‘paradox of negative emotion’ and the ‘peak-end rule’. Typically, songs characterized by sorrowful plots and endings receive higher scores than those with more joyful emotional themes. Furthermore, such songs are more likely to be awarded points initially. Despite this, contestants often choose songs with positive endings for their performances. To isolate the effects of lyrics from other song characteristics, we utilized Spotify metrics, including danceability, energy, and tempo. This methodology allows us to differentiate the influence of musical and lyrical elements on listener decision-making. This study contributes to the growing literature on the behavioral aspects of music and its impact on decision-making.
The Potential Burden of Informal Support: Exploring Wellbeing and Self-Care of Social Network Members of Intimate Partner Violence Survivors
Authors: Davies Ryan L. , Rice Kylie , Rock Adam J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In response to the paucity of quantitative studies investigating the wellbeing of informal supporters, this study aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological wellbeing of informal supporters assisting survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). It further sought to explore if mindful self-care and perceived social support predicted psychological distress among informal supporters.

Method
510 responses were received from IPV informal supporters and non-supporters. Participants completed the short version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, the Mindful Self-Care Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Informal supporters also rated their psychological and physiological symptoms.

Results
Informal supporters reported experiencing psychological symptoms, including anger, helplessness, and anxiety, along with physiological symptoms of sleep difficulties and fatigue. Informal supporters also reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to both non-supporters and normative data. Among informal supporters, mindful self-care practices, particularly supportive relationships, and perceived social support emerged as significant predictors of lower distress levels.

Conclusions
The findings underscore the importance of assessing the psychological and physiological risks on informal supporters within network-oriented approaches to IPV prevention. Additionally, the protective role of mindful self-care and perceived social support are indicated. The results have implications for interventions to enhance informal supporter well-being and suggest the need for future research, particularly utilising longitudinal designs, to further explore these relationships and address limitations of the current design. This study represents the first known quantitative attempt to explore the risks associated with being an informal supporter and advocates for the promotion of self-care practices.
Radiologic risk assessment of outdoor gamma dose rate in Çorum province, Turkey
Authors: Yılmazkaya İ. , Altinsoy N. , Şimşek V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to obtain the absorbed dose rate in outdoor air and related health risks for the Çorum province in Turkey. Absorbed gamma dose rate readings were taken from 56 stations using portable NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The outdoor absorbed gamma dose rates (terrestrial and cosmic) varied from 21 to 110 nGyh−1 with an average value of 44.96 ± 17.27 nGyh−1. Because of the exposure of the inhabitants to the outdoor gamma the average annual effective dose was calculated as 55.14 ± 21.18 µSvy−1. The risk value of cancer for adults in this region was estimated as 1.93 × 10–4 which is below the world average.
Quantifying photosynthetic restrictions
Authors: Bellasio Chandra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantifying the effect of factors controlling CO2 assimilation is crucial for understanding plant functions and developing strategies to improve productivity. Methods exist in numerous variants and produce various indicators, such as limitations, contributions, and sensitivity, often causing confusion. Simplifications and common mistakes lead to overrating the importance of diffusion—whether across stomata or the mesophyll. This work develops a consistent set of definitions that integrates all previous methods, offering a generalised framework for quantifying restrictions. Ten worked examples are provided in a free downloadable spreadsheet, demonstrating the simplicity and applicability to a wide range of questions.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: examining evolving patterns in mortality, incidence, and demographics
Authors: Choday Silpa , Tran Eric , Gonzalez Miguel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by its aggressive nature and heterogeneity. This study analyzes recent trends in DLBCL including trends in hospitalization, inpatient mortality, and costs.

Methods
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 until 2020, a retrospective cohort study was performed to identify DLBCL hospitalization, discharges, and investigate outcomes. Trends were adjusted for age, sex, race, insurance type, mean household income, and hospital characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression has been used to analyze the data.

Results
A total of 103,588,729 records were analyzed, identifying 47,425 cases with a diagnosis of DLBCL. From 2016 to 2020, hospitalizations have increased from 14,980 to 16,565. The mean age at diagnosis was 65 (P < 0.001). Males were slightly more affected than females (57.3 vs 42.6), with an increasing trend in males from 53.7% to 62.3% (P = 0.03). The highest prevalence was observed in the White population, followed by Hispanics and African Americans. Notably, the prevalence among Hispanics increased from 10 to 12%, while there is a decreasing trend in other demographics (P = 0.05). Medicare was the most common insurance, with increasing trends, followed by Medicaid and private insurance (P = 0.6). Inpatient mortality increased from 6.1 to 7.1 (2016 to 2018) and decreased to 6.1% (2018 to 2020) (P < 0.001). The mean length of the stay remained stable at 11.8 days. However, hospital charges increased from $176,131 to $212,324. Comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, other associated lymphomas, peripheral vascular diseases, and diabetes showed an increasing trend (P < 0.05). Discharges to home and skilled nursing facility (SNF) decreased, while there was an increase in discharges to home with home health (HH) care and short-term care (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Risk factors for DLBCL include white male sex, with the mean age of 65 years. The incidence among the Hispanic population has been increasing over the years. There are disparities in incidence and survival among different ethnic/demographic groups that need to be addressed by identifying targeted interventions and equitable healthcare access.