bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Usefulness of Dual Channel Elastomeric Pump for Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Geriatrics: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Prospective Study
Authors: Lee Chung Hun , Cho Soo Ah , Oh Seok Kyeong , Choi Sang Sik , Kong Myoung Hoon , Kim Young Sung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) is well applied in postoperative period. However, determining an appropriate opioid dose was difficult. A previous study suggested the usefulness of variable-rate feedback infusion. In this study, we used a dual-channel elastomeric infusion pump to provide changes in PCA infusion rate by pain feedback.Methods: 90 patients of ASA I-III and 65 to 79 years undergoing orthopedic surgery were participated in the study. All patients were applied a dual-chamber PCA. Patients were randomly allocated into treatment group (Group D; PCA drugs were divided into both chambers.) or control group (Group C; PCA drugs were contained only in the constant flow chamber, but normal saline was contained in the adjustable flow chamber.) The primary outcome was the amount of fentanyl consumption via PCA bolus. The secondary outcome variables were pain score, total fentanyl consumption, rescue analgesic use, patient satisfaction, recovery scores and adverse events including postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).Results: Group D showed decreased fentanyl consumption in PCA bolus. Moreover, group D showed in a decrease in rescue analgesic use and better patient satisfaction. The incidence of PONV was much higher in group C. There was no difference in other adverse events.Conclusions: We showed the usefulness of dual chamber IV-PCA to change the flow rate to the pain feedback without any complication. Our results suggested noble implications that may improve existing IV-PCA equipment.Clinical trial registration: The study registered at UMIN clinical trial registry (registered date: 05/03/2020, registration number: UMIN000039702).
A Comparison of Ondansetron and Lidocaine in Reducing Injection Pain of Propofol: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wasinwong Wirat , Termthong Sarocha , Plansangkate Prae , Tanasansuttiporn Jutarat , Kosem Riam , Chaofan Surewan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Propofol injection pain is common. Previous studies found that ondansetron can also block sodium channels.
Objective
The primary outcome was the efficacy of ondansetron compared to lidocaine and placebo for the reduction of propofol injection pain.
Method
This trial was conducted in 240 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-III and aged between 18-65 years old, undergoing elective surgery, and having a 20-gauge intravenous catheter at the hand dorsum. Each group of 80 patients received 8 mg of ondansetron in the O Group, 40 mg of lidocaine in the L Group and normal saline in the C Group. The study medications were blindly given then 1 minute later, the propofol was administered via the syringe pump at the rate of 600 ml/hr. for 30 seconds. Thereafter, the syringe pump of propofol was temporarily paused, and the patients were asked to rate his/her pain.
Result
The incidence of pain was lowest in the L group (66.2%) compared with the O (82.5%) and the C groups (85.0%) (P<0.01). The median pain score in the L, O, and C groups were 2 (0-4), 4 (2-5), and 4.5 (2-6), respectively (P<0.01). The incidences of no pain, mild, moderate, and severe pain were also significantly different in the L group (33.8%, 37.5%, 21.2%, and 7.5%, respectively) compared with those in the O group (17.5%, 31.2%, 31.2%, and 20.0%, respectively) and the C groups (15.0%, 22.5%, 40.0%, and 22.5%, respectively) (P<0.01)..
Conclusion
Pretreatment with intravenous lidocaine, rather than ondansetron, can reduce the incidence and intensity of propofol-induced pain.
AS BASES CONSTITUTIVAS DO PROCESSO DIVISIONISTA DO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ
Authors: De LIMA Wendell Teles , TANANTA Cleuter Tenazor , OLIVEIRA Ana Maria Libório de 
Published: December 2021

O processo de redivisão atual do Estado do Piauí leva a proposição de criação ao sul do estado, contextualizado o fenômeno, observou-se o surgimento de uma nova unidade interiorizada no território brasileiro. Fruto da expansão econômica e do estabelecimento de atores territorializantes. E suas ações devem ser analisadas de forma relativizada com a atualidade. Correlações são necessárias para entender que os processos divisionistas não são aleatórias, o surgimento da Gurgueia é ligado a esse fenômeno. Para sua compreensão foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica, baseada na compressão das propostas divisionistas, que têm relação com a modificação piauiense, que visa analisar e identificar as propostas direcionadas ao Piauí com objetivo de aprofundar a proposta de divisão atual.
Amino Acid and Biogenic Amine Adductions Derived from Reactive Metabolites
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu , Peng Ying , Zheng Jiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Reactive metabolites (RMs) are products generated from the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous
substances. RMs are characterized as electrophilic species chemically reactive to nucleophiles. Those nucleophilic
species may be nitrogen-containing bio-molecules, including macro-biomolecules, such as protein and DNA, and
small biomolecules, i.e., amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines (BAs). AAs and BAs are essential endogenous
nitrogen-containing compounds required for normal development, metabolism, and physiological functions in organisms,
through participating in the intracellular replication, transcription, translation, division and proliferation, DNA
and protein synthesis, regulation of apoptosis, and intercellular communication activities. These biological amines
containing an active lone pair of electrons on the electronegative nitrogen atom would be the proper N-nucleophiles
to be attacked by the abovementioned RMs. This review covers an overview of adductions of AAs and BAs with
varieties of RMs. These RMs are formed from metabolic activation of furans, naphthalene, benzene, and products of
lipid peroxidation. This article is designed to provide readers with a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms
of toxic action.
Investigating the Effects of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Allium hirtifolium
and Allium jesdianum on Keratinase Activity of Trichophyton Mentagrophytes
Authors: Madani Mahboobeh , Shakib Pegah , Sarlak Maryam , Nasiri Zahra , Shahanipour Kahin , Tognoni Elena 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Trichophyton spp., as pathogenic species to humans and animals, cause
different forms of dermatophytosis through the production of particular enzymes, playing an essential
role in tissue invasion. Among these, herein, keratinase was investigated, for the specific case
of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, as a target of the effects of Allium hirtifolium and Allium jesdianum
extracts, thus pharmacological potential of these plants was studied against keratinase activity.

Methodology:
Sampling was carried out on 20 bald patients from medical diagnostic laboratories
and mycology centers, with suspected dermatophytosis of scalp. For confirming the presence of Trichophyton
mentagrophytes in the specimens, different laboratory procedures were applied. Trichophyton
mentagrophytes isolates were cultured on a screening medium containing keratin to verify
production of the keratinase enzyme. The best enzyme-producing isolate was selected by measuring
diameter of transparent halo around colony to be used in subsequent stages. Afterwards, the optimized
conditions maximizing enzyme production and activity were determined. Finally, the inhibitory
effect of different dilutions of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium jesdianum and Allium
hirtifolium on extracellular keratinase activity was studied.

Results:
Sixteen out of 20 fungal isolates were identified as the Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The
most desirable reduction on keratinase activity was reported for dilution values of 50 and 100
mg/ml of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A.jesdianum, though much more significant decrease
belonged to the latter, and for dilution values of 25 and 100 mg/ ml of both aqueous and
ethanolic extracts of A.hirtifolium.

Conclusion:
Concerning our results, it is suggested that paying special attention to these natural
compounds for the treatment of dermatophytosis could be remarkably effective, considering significant
production of keratinase observed in T. mentagrophytes, and they are beneficial, as they have
no side effects and offer an alternative to currently available medications, which are under the restriction
of drug resistance.
Virtual Reality Simulation for Disaster Preparedness Training in Hospitals: Integrated Review
Authors: Jung Younhyun 
Published: December 2021

Background
A critical component of disaster preparedness in hospitals is experiential education and training of health care professionals. A live drill is a well-established, effective training approach, but cost restraints and logistic constraints make clinical implementation challenging, and training opportunities with live drills may be severely limited. Virtual reality simulation (VRS) technology may offer a viable training alternative with its inherent features of reproducibility, just-in-time training, and repeatability.

Objective
This integrated review examines the scientific evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of VRS and its practical usefulness in training health care professionals for in-hospital disaster preparedness.

Methods
A well-known 4-stage methodology was used for the integrated review process. It consisted of problem identification, a literature search and inclusion criteria determination, 2-stage validation and analysis of searched studies, and presentation of findings. A search of diverse publication repositories was performed. They included Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (PMD), and Embase (EMB).

Results
The integrated review process resulted in 12 studies being included. Principle findings identified 3 major capabilities of VRS: (1) to realistically simulate the clinical environment and medical practices related to different disaster scenarios, (2) to develop learning effects on increased confidence and enhanced knowledge acquisition, and (3) to enable cost-effective implementation of training programs.

Conclusions
The findings from the integrated review suggested that VRS could be a competitive, cost-effective adjunct to existing training approaches. Although the findings demonstrated the applicability of VRS to different training scenarios, these do not entirely cover all disaster scenarios that could happen in hospitals. This integrated review expects that the recent advances of VR technologies can be 1 of the catalysts to enable the wider adoption of VRS training on challenging clinical scenarios that require sophisticated modeling and environment depiction.
The Analysis of Beam-Column Joint Reinforced with Cross Bars according to SK SNI T-15-1991-03 on Cyclic Loads
Authors: Araby Zardan , Samsul Rizal  , Abdullah  , Mochammad Afifuddin  
Published: December 2021

The primary structural component supporting the other structural loads in a building is the beam-column joint. It is considered a critical area of a building which needs to be accurately designed to ensure energy is dissipated properly during the occurrence of an earthquake. Beam-column joint has the ability to offer a proper structure required to transform cyclic loads in the inelastic region but also has a direct impact on the components connected to it during the occurrence of any failure. This is one of the reasons the beam-column connection needs to be designed carefully. Therefore, this study focused on designing a beam-column joint with reinforcement according to SK SNI T-15-1991 in order to withstand cyclic loads. The test specimen used was observed to have a concrete compressive strength of 19.17 MPa while the dimension of the beam was 120 x 30 x 40 cm and the column was 30 x 30 x 200 cm, having 8Ø13.4 mm bars with 310.03 MPa yield strength (fy) as well as Ø9.8-100 mm stirrup reinforcement with (fy) 374.59 MPa. The test was initiated through the provision of 0.75 mm, 1.5 mm, 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm, 24 mm monotonic cyclic loads at the end of the beam up to the moment the specimen cracked. A maximum load of 68.35 kN for the compression and 49.92 kN for the tension was required to attain the cyclic load capacity. The maximum load was attained at 50.98 mm displacement. Furthermore, beam-column with 23.93 mm displacement caused a reduction in capacity. Meanwhile, the load at 24 mm produced the cycle's highest dissipation energy of 13.25 but this can be increased through the addition of stirrups to provide stiffness in the joint. The stiffness value was also observed to have increased after the structural repairs.
Financialized savings in public water governance: An illustrative case study in the arid American West
Authors: Gibson Christopher W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow does financialization of the economy impact public governance of natural resources? One way includes a shift in how savings and cash accumulation are understood and practiced within public agencies. This article proffers that in the second half of the twentieth century, it became a taken-for-granted understanding that long-term savings should be held in financial investment accounts instead of traditional savings accounts. As a result of this, municipal organizations act as fiscally independent investors, marshaling economic resources to pursue strategic objectives that align with financialized institutional logics. Using a case study of the largest supplier of drinking water in the US, this article examines how the use of financial investments by a major public resource agency, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, evolved since first establishing an investment policy in the 1940s. Today, this organization maintains investments worth over one billion dollars. Analysis of archival documents suggests that financial activities, even if yielding dwindling returns over time, are counted upon as a source of revenue, deployed to obtain favorable bond ratings, used for access to earmarked funds, and leveraged to acquire land in water-strategic locations. Considering the ubiquity of these financial practices among medium to large-sized municipal governing bodies, the results of this study are suggestive and generalizable across substantive governing fields and in other locations. Ultimately, this study shows that public governance agencies are intertwined with private capital flows, problematizing the oft-assumed distance between public and private actors. The article also interrogates the influence that financial markets have over of public policy, showing that elected governance officials engage in the commodification of money, encouraging the further commodification of environmental resources.
Revisión sistemática: eventos adversos y gestión del talento humano en el contexto hospitalario latinoamericano
Authors: Araujo-Rosero Omaira Lucely , Guerrero-Lasso Paula Andrea , Matabanchoy-Tulcán Sonia Maritza , Bastidas-Jurado Claudia Fernanda 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: la ocurrencia de eventos adversos (EA) es una problemática de salud pública que impacta el estado de salud del paciente y produce riesgo en el personal sanitario afectando el bienestar laboral y dando lugar a accidentes, enfermedades laborales y acciones inseguras en la atención. Objetivo: determinar los factores más frecuentes al reportar EA y sus implicaciones para la gestión del talento humano (GTH) en el contexto hospitalario Latinoamericano. Materiales y métodos: realizado bajo la metodología de revisión sistemática, mediante la búsqueda de artículos publicados entre los años 2009 y 2019, en las bases de datos: BVS, Dialnet, DOAJ, LILACS, MedlinePlus, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Redalyc y EBSCOhost. Resultados: Se analizó 41 artículos donde se identificó factores de riesgo y protectores relacionados con la ocurrencia de EA, los cuales se agrupan en tres categorías: referidas al paciente, la organización y al personal sanitario. Conclusiones: Los EA son fenómenos complejos que afectan el sistema de salud. Sus causas se relacionan con la aparición de múltiples factores que tienen que ver tanto con la organización como con el desempeño del personal de salud, inclusive, hasta con el actuar del mismo paciente y su familia.
Nobres leitores: recepção de romances pela família imperial brasileira
Authors: Assumpção Larissa de , Abreu Márcia 
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho analisa a recepção de romances por membros da Família Imperial Brasileira com o objetivo de compreender como obras desse gênero foram lidas e entendidas por parte da elite oitocentista. Para tanto, foram considerados os relatos de leitura presentes no diário da imperatriz Teresa Cristina, escrito entre 1856 e 1887, e nas cartas trocadas entre o imperador Pedro II, a princesa Isabel e a imperatriz, entre 1854 e 1889. Suas práticas de leitura são apresentadas e analisadas por meio do exame de três aspectos principais: de que forma os romances eram lidos e como circulavam; quais opiniões foram externadas sobre o gênero romanesco; e que conceito foi formulado sobre Ivanhoé, romance de Walter Scott, objeto de discussões literárias entre o Pedro II e a princesa Isabel. Conclui-se que a família imperial reagiu aos romances de maneira semelhante à dos leitores comuns e que é falsa a ideia de que romances eram destinados a públicos pouco instruídos, formados por mulheres, jovens e pobres.
Effects of Remineralizing Agents Based on Calcium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, or Sodium Fluoride on Eroded Cervical Dentin
Authors: Escalante-Otárola WG , Castro-Núñez GM , Leandrim TP , Alencar CM , de Albuquerque Jassé FF , Kuga MC 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of remineralizing agents on collagen matrix pattern, precipitate formation, and dentinal tubule obliteration in eroded cervical dentin.

Methods and Materials
One hundred bovine cervical dentin specimens were previously eroded (0.6% hydrochloric acid, pH 2.3, 5 minutes) and then randomized into five groups (n=20): G1, control (without treatment); G2, Desensibilize Nano P (FGM); G3, MI Paste Plus (Recaldent); G4, Regenerate (NR-5); and G5, Desensibilize KF 2% (FGM). These treatments were applied in four sessions with 7-day intervals. During this period, the samples were subjected to an erosive challenge with orange juice (pH 3.8, 5 minutes). The specimens were analyzed by polarized light microscopy with picrosirius red staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Results
The G3 showed a higher concentration of type I collagen than G2 and G5 (p&lt;0.05). The G3 showed greater formation of surface precipitates than that of G1 and G5 (p&lt;0.05). In addition, G4 and G5 showed a greater number of open dentinal tubules than that of G3 (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Calcium phosphate-based remineralizing agents have shown to be a promising alternative treatment for preventing deleterious effects on the eroded dentin collagen matrix. In addition, they promoted precipitate formation and dentinal tubule obliteration on the eroded dentin.
Taksy mobiliów szlacheckich z krakowskich ksiąg grodzkich z końca XVII i początku XVIII wieku
Authors: Pielas Jacek 
Published: December 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie taks mobiliów szlacheckich. Podstawę źródłową stanowi 31 wycen ruchomości szlacheckich z krakowskich ksiąg grodzkich relacji z lat 1685–1710. Dokumenty te przeanalizowano pod względem budowy i zawartości. Podana w taksach wartość ruchomości pozwala na poznanie rzeczywistej, wyrażonej w pieniądzu, wartości określonych ruchomości szlacheckich w badanym okresie, nie tylko tych najcenniejszych, ale też starych i zużytych. Podkreślono potrzebę kontynuowania badań nad tego typu źródłami. W aneksie zamieszczono edycję jednego z omawianych dokumentów — otaksowanie futer, odzieży, srebra i chust po zmarłych małżonkach Chrząstowskich z 1686 r.
Kompetencje tekstotwórcze uczniów klas pierwszych szkół ponadgimnazjalnych… i ponadpodstawowych – próba porównania
Authors: Trysińska Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the study of students’ language competences who attend the first secondary school classes. In 2019, as a result of the education reform, two groups of students started their education in the first grades: junior high school graduates and eight-grade primary school graduates. Pre-secondary education in the case of students leaving primary school lasted a year shorter. Both groups took the exam at the end of lower junior high school or elementary school, respectively, and studied according to a different core curriculum.
During the study, it was assumed that thanks to the education that lasted a year longer and was based on a different core curriculum, lower secondary school students should achieve better results in terms of creating an argumentative text and in terms of selected language skills. Both groups of students wrote the same test to confirm or reject the thesis.
The results of the study showed that both groups of students achieved comparable results. In some areas, younger students have even outranked junior high school students. At the same time, it turned out that the lower stage of education was completed by students with very different competences. Both among junior high school and primary school students there are very good and very weak students, while in the group of junior high school students there is a large percentage of very weak students. This may prove that for many students three years of lower secondary school were a waste of time, and the last two years of primary school were enough to master the tested skills.
Refleksje nad pożądanymi kierunkami zmian… w szkolnym kształceniu polonistycznym (głos w dyskusji)
Authors: Fiszbak Jolanta 
Published: December 2021

The author describes desirable paths of changes in Polish language school education. Base for the analysis is the research conducted in 2017 on students’ attitude towards Polish language as a subject, as well as students’ works created during the distance learning in 2020.
According to the author, any changes in the curriculum should be preceded by research conducted on students in order to determine their needs and skills. Addressing changes to unspecified target is the main reason for ill-success of the reforms which were introduced during the past 20 years. Polish language teaching in schools of each level should be more focused on enhancing students’ linguistic skills. The changes should also include the sphere of literature, culture, and media knowledge. The author points to the fact that the reform should involve also teachers-to-be and the way they are prepared for teaching, as well as further education of Polish language teachers.