bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in Elbow Carrying Angle Associated with Age, Gender, Height, and Weight: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Jawad , Khan Alamgir , Shah Raziq , Hamza . , Kakakhel Syed Ihtisham , Ali Ammad 
Published: December 2024

The elbow's carrying angle is a critical biomechanical feature that varies between genders and with physical characteristics like Body Mass Index. Objective: To determine the elbow carrying angle and analyze its correlation with physical attributes such as age, gender, height, and weight in a cross-sectional cohort.” Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 203 patients. The participants were divided into groups according to their height, weight, age, and gender. the mean carrying angles of the elbows on the left and right were measured and compared. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, and the significance of the differences in carrying angles between the groups was determined by computing p-values. Results: There were 76 patients (37.43%) and 127 male patients (62.56%) in the study population. Sixty-six percent of the patients belonged to the 46–60 age range. For the left elbow, the mean carrying angle was 4.6° (±0.23), while for the right elbow, it was 4.5° (±0.12). Gender, limb side, height, and weight all showed significant changes in carrying angles; p-values<0.05 indicated that these variances were statistically significant, especially when comparing different body types and demographic groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the right arm typically exhibits a slightly wider angle than the left when it comes to elbow carrying angles; gender, height, and weight all significantly influence these angles.
Effect of Intraumbilical (IU) Vein Oxytocin Injection on Duration of Third Stage of Labour: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sabir Anila , Haider Shazia , Ghaffar Sadia , Sattar Shaneela , Maryam Sana , Aamir Ayesha , Kanwal Sibgha , Zahid Hafiza Maryam , Kanwal Seep 
Published: December 2024

Effective management for reducing the duration of 3rd stage of labour can prevent serious complications such as post-partum hemorrhage. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intraumbilical venous oxytocin injection compared to placebo on reducing the duration of the third stage of labour in normal vaginal deliveries. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant female fulfilling the selection criteria were included from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Sharif Medical and Dental City Hospital, Lahore. Informed consent was attained from participants. Participants were divided into 2 groups. In Group A, the female was given intraumbilical oxytocin and in Group B, a placebo (normal saline) was used. All female was followed up till delivery of the fetus and time was noted from delivery of the fetus to the placenta. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: In Group in. Intraumbilical oxytocin, duration of 3rd stage of labour was less than 3.68 ± 1.49 minutes as compared to placebo group 7.02 ± 2.85 minutes (p<0.01). Data stratification concerning age, gestational age and parity also showed a significant difference of 3rd stage duration among groups with p<0.01. Conclusions: It was concluded that intraumbilical oxytocin was found to be useful in decreasing the third stage of labour duration. Its use may help prevent cases of prolonged third stage, which could otherwise lead to adverse outcomes. These findings support the potential clinical benefits of IU oxytocin in the third stage of labour.
Efficacy of Artesunate versus a Combination of Artesunate and Quinine Di-Hydrochloride Given Intravenously for the Treatment of Malaria; A Comparative Study
Authors: Akbar Asma , Jabeen Irum , Kanwal Kiran , Ilyas Sonia , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: December 2024

In developing countries, malaria is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous artesunate alone versus intravenous combination of artesunate and quinine. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Unit-2, Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were children of either gender, aged 2-14 years and admitted to the emergency department with the diagnosis of severe malaria. Children were randomly allocated to two treatment groups of equal size. The intravenous artesunate group received artesunate administered intravenously for a maximum of 7 days. The intravenous combination of artesunate and quinine group received artesunate intravenously combined with quinine di-hydrochloride intravenously for a maximum of 7 days. they were employing the lottery method. The outcome was measured as the number of hours elapsed for an individual to become fever-free (temperature below 36.8°C). Results: In a total of 104 children with severe malaria. the mean duration required to become fever-free was 28.3 ± 5.4 hours in intravenous artesunate alone versus 26.5 ± 6.4 hours in intravenous combination of artesunate and quinine groups (p=0.1242). The most frequent treatment-related side effects were nausea, loss of appetite, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, and rash, noted in 21 (20.2%), 13 (12.5%), 11 (10.6%), 5 (4.8%), and 2 (1.9%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that intravenous artesunate and quinine together did not provide any additional benefit or synergistic effect over intravenous artesunate alone in treating severe malaria in children.
Unveiling Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Zia Kanwal , Hameed Sajid , Pervaiz Khizzer , Ahmad Zeeshan , Butt Asif Maqsood , Hamid Khan Muhammad Hatim 
Published: December 2024

Intestinal Parasitic Infections are intestinal infections, especially in toddlers, caused by parasites such as worms. Objectives: To explore Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Pakistan, emphasizing their interlinkage with other socio-demographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pak town, Lahore, on 348 parents. A questionnaire was developed to record demographic data, five Knowledge items, seven Attitudes, and 12 Practice questions. IBM SPSS version 27 was used for all the analyses. Descriptive, chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were applied. Results: The majority of participants were housewives (50.9%). The levels of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices were poor in 56%, 60.9%, and 51.7% of the parents, respectively. There was a greater likelihood of good attitude in parents with good knowledge (adjusted OR=5.3; 95% CI=0.3-96.4) compared with poor knowledge. Male were less likely (adjusted OR=0.3; 95% CI=0.1-0.7) to present good attitudes than female. Parents with education level of Intermediate (adjusted OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.2-5.7), Graduate (adjusted OR=3.5; 95% CI=1.6-7.6), and Masters (adjusted OR=60.8; 95% CI=3.8-974.3) showed better attitudes than those with secondary education. Good practices were associated with the presence of good attitudes rather than poor attitudes (adjusted OR=0.6; 95% CI=0.4-0.9). Conclusions: It was concluded that there was a poor prevalence of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Punjab. Good knowledge determines good attitudes that control good practices; hence, a focus on augmenting Practices of Intestinal Parasitic knowledge among parents should be the top priority of healthcare, especially among mothers.
ÁP DỤNG TÍCH PHÂN TRONG GIẢNG DẠY CÁC MÔ HÌNH KINH TẾ CHO SINH VIÊN KHỐI NGÀNH KINH TẾ
Authors: Huy Nguyễn Quang , Thanh Hải Lê Thị 
Published: December 2024

Tích phân là một trong những công cụ hiệu quả để giải quyết rất nhiều bài toán khác nhau, trong đó có nhiều vấn đề thuộc lĩnh vực kinh tế. Trong bối cảnh số lượng sinh viên khối ngành Kinh tế đang ngày càng tăng thì việc xây dựng một tài liệu tham khảo cho sinh viên các ngành kinh tế học tập và nghiên cứu các môn Toán kinh tế là vô cùng cần thiết. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi tổng hợp lại một số mô hình kinh tế sử dụng tích phân để giải quyết. Với mỗi một mô hình, chúng tôi sẽ trình bày khái niệm, đặc điểm và đưa ra những ví dụ minh họa có số liệu cụ thể với lời giải chi tiết. Chúng tôi hy vọng các kết quả của bài báo này sẽ giúp ích cho sinh viên khối ngành kinh tế trong việc hiểu rõ các ứng dụng của tích phân không chỉ trong kinh tế mà còn trong các vấn đề thực tế khác.
Editor's Summaries of the Articles Published in This Issue of Microbiological & Immunological Communications
Authors: Staff Editorial 
Published: December 2024

In this issue, Shafiq et al. evaluate the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, IL-1β, interferons (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Akbar and colleagues isolated and identified the infectious agents of dermatophytes related infections in patients, and screened selected natural remedies for their treatment, Urooj et al., assessed the samples of water collected from different dental units placed in different departments of tertiary care dental hospitals in Karachi to evaluate their conditions, Talpur and colleagues isolated and identified coliform bacteria in the drinking water of Shah Abdul Latif University, Campus, Khairpur (Mir’s) Sindh, Pakistan, while Khan and Xin reviewed gut micro biome’s role in the development of the immune system, including oral tolerance and immunity.
Chagas Disease: Navigating the Complexity of Host Immune Responses to Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Nawaz Asmat 
Published: December 2024

Trypanosoma cruzi is the source of the persistent systemic infection known as Chagas disease. There are various stages in its life cycle for both host mammals and vector insects. Along with regional variations in morbidity and mortality, distinct clinical presentations of Chagas disease are caused by distinct strains of Trypanosoma cruzi .The cytokine interferon-gamma is initially produced by natural killer cells during the early stages of T.cruzi infection. Cytokines secreted by phagocytes stimulate other defense-related cells and promote inflammation. In response to T. cruzi, B lymphocytes initiate an efficient humoral immune response, whereas dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages regulate the adaptive immunological response. This review includes several studies that address the primary immune mechanisms involved in T.cruzi infection, pathogen approaches against host cells, inflammasome and virulence factor processes, and novel approaches to disease prevention, control, and treatment.
Determination of Saturated Solubility of Mirtazapine Using UV Visible Spectrophotometer
Authors: Naureen Faiza , Shah Yasar , Shahnaz  , Khuda Fazli 
Published: December 2024

Solubility is an important parameter for designing new drug formulations. Many drugs possess poor aqueous solubility hence, poor bioavailability. Many pharmaceutical industries face these issues while designing new drug entities. A new assessment revealed that about 70–90% of drug candidates are in the development stage, while up to 40% of the marketed products are water-insoluble which leads to low bioavailability, reduced therapeutic effects, and increased dose. Poor solubility is one of the major driving forces behind the development of numerous new drugs. There are various techniques to enhance the drug solubility such as particle size reduction, Nano-suspension, use of surfactants, salt formation, solid dispersion, etc. Mirtazapine (BCS Class II) has poor water solubility; to test an optimum pH for its solubility, a saturated solubility method was applied. Saturated solubility is a method in which drugs with poor solubility are dissolved in different acidic, basic media, and in distilled water. This study suggests proper dissolution media improves the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. UV-spectroscopy is a method to determine the solubility of drugs in various media and through this method, maximum absorption at a particular wavelength is determined for drug solution. Afterward, this solution of the drug, in various media, is studied to decipher the unknown concentration of the drug in a given solution by the Beer-Lambert law. With the aid of UV-spectroscopy, it was determined that the solubility of mirtazapine increases with increasing pH of mediums.
Antibiotic-laden Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Reduced Multi-Drug Resistance
Authors: Yousaf Tahira , Qindeel Maimoona , Ajmal Mahnoor , Abbasi Emmama Jamil , Noureen Zobia , Niazi Samia Gul , Iqbal Omaira 
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a significant therapeutic challenge, necessitating the development of new antimicrobials and their combinations with nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles have been used both independently and in combination to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria, offering new avenues through nanotechnology. The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a major global health issue. Traditional antibiotic treatments frequently contribute to the development of pathogen resistance, resulting in a reduced number of effective antimicrobials available for future use. The antibacterial activity was assessed through the minimum inhibitory concentration assay (MIC). Findings showed that substances including silver, gold, chitosan, and aminoglycosides entrapped silica networks alone had no or minimum effect on bacterial growth, but in combination, they greatly reduced bacterial growth. This review concludes the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for new synthetic or natural antibacterial agents in combination with NPs such as silver, gold, chitosan, and aminoglycosides entrapped silica networks providing insights into various medication strategies.
CARA EFEKTIF DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN DESA MENJADI DESA WISATA: STUDI KASUS DESA BAYAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Kurniansah Rizal 
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui potensi wisata yang dimiliki desa bayan, bentuk partisipasi masyarakat setempat, serta merumuskan strategi yang baik dalam mengembangkan desa bayan menjadi desa wisata di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yaitu analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menghasilkan strategi sebagai berikut Menfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dalam memasarkan dan mempromosikan Desa Bayan, Mengembangkan ragam produk wisata perdesaan berbasis keunikan potensi setempat, Menciptakan brand image destinasi pariwisata, Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pelatihan, Mengembangkan dan menata sarana pendukung, Menetapkan Calender Of Event, Meningkatkan Kerjasama dengan biro perjalanan dan membuat lebih banyak paket wisata ke Desa Bayan, Membuat aturan dan kebijakan khusus dalam pengembangan Pariwisata, Bekerja sama dengan dinas-dinas terkait dalam menanggulangi kerusakan lingkungan, menerapkan kampung sehat untuk memenuhi kriteria CHSE, Melakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat setempat, Peningkatan pengawasan terhadap aktivitas wisata, Memaksimalkan Anggaran Pengembangan Pariwisata melalui Kerjasama, dan Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap sadar wisata dan sapta pesona.
Benefícios do método Pilates no terceiro trimestre de gestação: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Gonçalves Cristiane Regina Pinheiro Ribeiro , Fruchi André José 
Published: December 2024

A gestação é o período que se inicia com a fecundação do óvulo pelo espermatozóide seguindo o desenvolvimento fetal. Nesse período ocorrem muitas transformações fisiológicas, emocionais e metabólicas em função das mudanças hormonais que afetam todo organismo da mulher. Dentre os diversos tipos de intervenções nesta fase surge o método Pilates que proporciona ao indivíduo que o pratica o respeito e o autoconhecimento do corpo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar quais os benefícios do método Pilates no terceiro trimestre de gestação. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma pesquisa essencialmente exploratória, analítico- descritiva que aborda um método de intervenção relativamente novo em gestantes. Conclui-se que além de benefícios físicos, o método Pilates atua de forma preventiva e interventiva, reduzindo o risco de complicações como hipertensão gestacional, diabetes, parto cesáreo e incontinência urinária, além de diminuir o ganho excessivo de peso e a dor lombo- pélvica, contribuindo para a saúde física e mental das gestantes.
Como o luxo modela o mercado: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Veras Juan Carlo Mendes da Rocha 
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: O presente trabalho busca realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a modelagem de mercado com um enfoque voltado para o setor de luxo. Propõe-se avaliar o tema de forma a identificar possíveis lacunas que existam acerca desses assuntos. Método: Essa revisão foi realizada através de um método que seleciona e classifica os artigos encontrados conforme a sua relevância científica (Methodi Ordinatio). Foram analisados 19 estudos, divididos em duas categorias: top down e bottom up. Pesquisas que indicaram a modelagem de mercado partindo das marcas de luxo na tentativa de influenciar o consumidor foram considerados do tipo top down, já os que consideraram o comportamento do cliente para moldar estratégias de marketing, posicionamento e branding, foram considerados bottom up. Originalidade: Estudos sobre modelagem de mercado e sua relação com o luxo ainda são carentes no Brasil. Resultados: A grande maioria dos estudos investigaram abordagens bottom up, seguindo uma tendência de mercado que busca se ajustar, em tempo real, às mudanças de comportamento do consumidor.Contribuições teóricas: Essa revisão utiliza uma abordagem que atenua o entendimento dos estudos relacionados ao luxo e à modelagem de mercado, os quais deixam espaço para contribuições futuras.
Energy consumption, CO2, and cost analysis of hybrid and battery electric motorcycle
Authors: Yuwono Taufik , Sukra Kurnia Fajar Adhi , Soewono Respatya Teguh , Indriatmono Dedy , Fuad Nur Muhamad , Ma'ruf Muhammad , Samanhudi Ramadhani Deniartio , Kurniawan Ade , Nugroho Rudi Cahyo , Wahidin Agus , Hayoto Vebriyanti , Suryantoro Muchammad Taufiq , Mokhtar Mokhtar , Hidayat Muhammad Novel , Wahono Bambang , Pratama Mulia , Nur Arifin , Dimyani Ahmad , Suherman Suherman , Wardana Muhammad Khristamto Aditya , Praptijanto Achmad , Putrasari Yanuandri , Prawara Budi , Budianto Hari 
Published: December 2024

The electrification of the two-wheel vehicle segment is an important strategy for decarbonising the transportation sector. This study aimed to assess the hybridisation of gasoline motorcycles with battery electric systems as an option for decarbonisation. A gasoline motorcycle that had been converted to a hybrid motorcycle was evaluated in several aspects: energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and cost of energy. The vehicle was tested under the United Nations economic commission for europe (UNECE) Regulation No.40 and compared to a battery electric motorcycle. The test in internal combustion engine (ICE) mode consumed 233.31 Wh/km of specific energy, emitted 60.69 gCO2/km and cost 1.65 US-cent/km on average. The test in hybrid mode consumed specific energy at 6 % higher and 4 % lower specific energy consumption than ICE, thus not improving the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and operating cost. In electric battery mode, energy consumption was saved by 83 %, with 35 % lower CO2 and 74 % cost savings. The battery electric motorcycle runs more efficiently with 88 % lower energy consumption, 53.8 % lower CO2 and saved cost by 82 %. If the hybrid controller is improved in future development, it could lower specific energy consumption by 41.7 %, reduce CO2 by 11.2 % and save cost by 35.7 %.
Object Detection Approach Using YOLOv5 For Plant Species Identification
Authors: Clinton Billi , Amperawan Amperawan , Dewi Tresna 
Published: December 2024

In the modern era of agriculture and horticulture, biodiversity conservation requires plant species identification skills, and automatic detection is a challenging and interesting task. However, many factors often make some people mistaken in recognizing plant species that have unique and varied visual characteristics, making manual identification difficult. This problem requires an effective and accurate model for identifying plant species. So this research aims to produce a model to identify plant species that are effective and have a high level of accuracy. This research offers the use of the YOLOv5 algorithm method. The training process with epoch 200 and 53 minutes with a total of 1,220 images. Based on the results of the model performance test, the mAP value was 85.73%, precision 98.27%, and recall 94.36%. During testing, the model can identify plant species accurately on single objects and multiple objects. The results of this research show that the proposed method is successful in identifying plant species accurately.
Prevalence of yeast species in the oral mucosa of patients with periodontal disease in the menopausal stage
Authors: Secreto Elba Beatriz , Jewtuchowicz Virginia , Brusca María Isabel 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: substantial, transient, physiological or pathological endocrine changes can affect periodontal condition through modulation of the inflammatory response, as well as through a direct action on periodontal pathogens. Objective: to determine the prevalence of yeast species in the oral mucosa of patients in the menopausal stage with periodontal disease. Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Patients who attended the dental consultation, within the framework of the private practice of general dentistry, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, between March and August 2022, who were diagnosed with periodontal disease, were evaluated, which allowed obtaining a sample of 25 female patients from a universe of 50, selected from the exclusion and inclusion criteria and a simple random sampling. For statistical analysis of the data obtained, the epi-info programs and the GNU pspp version 1.4.1 and JASP 0.16.4 programs were used. Results: In 14 positive cases of yeast colonization in mucosa, 12 had positive colonization in the sulci and 2 were negative. Of the remaining 11 cases that had negative results in the mucosa, all were negative in the sulcus. No case was found in which the result was negative in the mucosa and positive in the sulcus. Oral examination revealed that 52 % of the patients had stage 2 periodontal disease and as for stages 1 and 3, 24 % of the patients were in this range. Conclusions: Candida albicans was the predominant species both in the oral mucosa and in the periodontal sulcus in postmenopausal patients. In both studied sites, buccal mucosa and periodontal sulcus, other opportunistic species such as C. parapsilosis, C. kruzei, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were also found