bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of conventional phototherapy, intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion in treating neonatal jaundice at Fatima Al-Zahra Hospital for maternity and children in Baghdad
Authors: Marzoog Ahmed Salih , Mohammed Hussein Naeem , Habib Kholod Dhaher 
Published: January 2021

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common disease in neonates especially in early days of birth that requires a good and successful treatment for reducing the severity and its complications that can produce important and irreversible effects.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional phototherapy, intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion on outcomes of neonatal jaundice at Fatima Al-Zahra Hospital for maternity and child care in Baghdad.
Patients & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using medical records of neonates with diagnosis of unconjugated jaundice, admitted in the septic neonatal care unit of Fatima Al-Zahra hospital over 6 months period between 1st May till 31st October 2018. The total serum bilirubin, fractionations and blood group were done in all cases. They treated with conventional phototherapy, intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion according to the severity of jaundice.
Results: Total neonates admitted from 1st may to 31st October 2018 in septic neonatal care unit were 1254, among them 432 (35%) were diagnosed as unconjugated neonatal jaundice “indirect hyperbilirubinemia”. Male: Female ratio (1.4:1), males 256(59.3%), females 176(40.7%). Physiological jaundice was the most common cause 129(29.9%) cases. Prematurity in 104(24.1%) and ABO incompatibility 59(13.7%) while Rh incompatibility 14(3.2%), sepsis 8(1.9%) and unknown causes of jaundice were 118(27.3%) because lack of lab facilities. Conventional phototherapy was the most common kind of treatment in 237(55%) while intensive phototherapy used in 175(40.3%) cases with successful reduction in T.S.B level and the rate of improvement without need for exchange transfusion (92%) (161/175).Only 20(4.5%) cases were treated with exchange transfusion especially for ABO incompatibility 8 (42.1%) cases and Rh incompatibility 4 (21.1%) cases. Most of neonates 429 (99.3%) discharged with complete improvement and only 2 (0.5%) neonates suffered from kernicterus and one death (0.2%).
Conclusion: Conventional phototherapy is still the standard treatment of mild to moderate indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Use of intensive phototherapy in the treatment of unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is effective in reducing T.S.B level, need for exchange transfusion and hospital staying.
Recommendations: provide aseptic neonatal care unit in the hospital with further number of intensive phototherapy devices as it is so effective in treating unconjugated neonatal jaundice and reduces need for exchange transfusion as it is proven in the study.
Paro cardiaco inesperado en unidad de cuidados posanestésico en paciente post esterilización tubárica
Authors: Alegre Andrade Patricia 
Published: January 2021

Paro cardiaco en salas de recuperación posanestésica, entidad poco frecuente en esterilizacion tubaria. Factores descencadenantes como sobresedación, bloqueo espinal alto, uso de opioides, toxicidad sistémica por anestésicos locales. La ligadura tubárica como prevención de embarazo definitivo, se realiza preferentemente con bloqueo raquídeo. Paciente de 35 años en su puerperio de 12 horas, se somete a salpingoclasia bilateral bajo anestesia raquidea, con dosis de fentanil de 20 mcg y bupivacaina pesada de 12 mg. Nivel de dermatoma alcanzado de T6 (ideal para el procedimiento quirúrgico), sin ninguna otra administración medicamentosa. En la unidad de recuperación posanestésica presenta paro cardiaco con inicio inmediato soporte vital avanzado con buenos resultados posteriores. Se le practican los exámenes complementarios e interconsultas correspondientes. Paciente con alta hospitalaria sin secuelas neurológicas a los 4 días posteriores al evento. Se recomienda prevenir y tratar la causa de todo evento cardiaco.
Guía de atención remota para pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19
Authors: Jaldín-Vasquez Juan Pablo , Ortiz-Flores Nicolas , Paz-Román Carlos Alberto , Peña-Rodríguez Mauricio 
Published: January 2021

En China a finales del 2019 se puso en conocimiento esta nueva enfermedad denominada SARS-CoV-2, múltiples centros mundiales encargados de la salud pública entre ellos el Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) de Atlanta, Estados Unidos y la Orgaizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicaron diferentes clasificaciones acordes a cada grupo etáreo, dando mucha importancia a la población pediátrica, el riesgo comparativo en adultos/niños, la importancia de pruebas laboratoriales (prueba en cadena a la polimerasa (PCR) y anticuerpos), y finalmente, se discuten los tratamientos acorde al caso y la gravedad de los pacientes. Por la alta demanda de pacientes y el colapso de los sitemas de salud en todo el mundo y especialmente en los países de latinoamerica donde los sistemas de salud son muy frágiles se llegas a recurrir de herramientas técnológicas como la “Teleconsulta”, recomendada por la OMS. En el presente artículo de revisión se plantea múltiples conceptos clínicos propios de la enfermedad en niños, imágenológicos, tipo de presentación de la enfermedad incluyendo factores de riesgo. Criterios de hospitalización y tratamiento. Medidas de bioseguridad, aislamiento y supervisión médica. Y como pilar fundamental de atención la Telemedicina en la era COVID-19.
Evaluación del daño renal por cadmio en población expuesta a contaminación por éste en agricultores de Quila-Quila, Potosí
Authors: Erostegui Revilla Carlos , Oporto Carla , Zalles Lourdes , Sevilla Ricardo , Romero Ana María 
Published: January 2021

Introduccion: El cadmio es un metal pesado presente en desechos mineros y otros, y tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud humana especialmente en el riñón en el que destruye células tubulares. En una investigación de la calidad del lecho de los ríos que reciben aguas residuales en el norte de Potosí, Bolivia, se reportó presencia de cadmio en papas regadas con esas agua en Quila-quila, una población rural de la zona.El objetivo de ese trabajo fue el de identificar posibles daños del cadmio en la salud de los pobladores de Quila-quila.
Metodos: Para ello se realizó revisión clínica y análisis laboratorial clínico y químico de sangre y orina de los pobladores de Quila-quila, y se calculó la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y se correlacionó ésta con indicadores de lesión glomerular.
Resultados: Se encontraron niveles elevados de cadmio en sangre en algunas personas, y una correlación de la TFG con la concentración de cadmio en sangre y con indicadores de lesión de membrana glomerular.
Conclusiones: En conclusión, los pobladores de Quila-quila estuvieron contaminados por cadmio, el cual produjo lesión renal leve.
DERİ ESERLERİN TANIMLANMASINDA KULLANILAN BAZI ARKEOMETRİK ANALİZ YÖNTEMLERİ
Authors: TOZUN Hatice , ÇINAR Nadide 
Published: January 2021

Tarihin başlangıcından itibaren insan hayatında var olan deri, köklü geçmişe sahip hammaddelerden biridir. Benzersiz fiziksel özellikleri, onu çeşitli ürünlerin üretimi için ideal hale getirmiştir. Hayvanlardan elde edilen derinin tamamı protein kolajeninden oluşmaktadır. Bu hayvansal ürünün yapısal dayanımı ve esnekliğine rağmen, çevresel faktörler (ışık, ısı, bağıl nem, atmosferik kirleticiler), biyolojik etkenler (bakteri, mantarlar, böcekler, küfler), doğal afetler vb. nedenlerle deri yaşlanma ve bozulmaya maruz kalır. Tarihi derinin özelliklerinin tanımlanması, arkeologlar ve koruma bilim adamları için zorluklar yaratmaktadır. Konservatörler genellikle doku, renk, esneklik ve analiz edilecek numunenin şeklindeki değişikliklere odaklanan görsel bir değerlendirmeye dayanarak deri nesneyi karakterize etmektedir. Ancak derinin tabaklanması, kullanımı ve deride oluşan bozulmalar birçok hayvan derisinin görünümünü değiştirebilmektedir. Bu değişime rağmen çeşitli arkeometrik analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak; tanen, kıl kökü deseni, kolajen lif yapısı tanımlanabilmektedir. Ayrıca derinin kullanıldığı nesnenin türü de deri hakkında yönlendirici bilgiler vermektedir.

Kültürel mirasın korunmasında; bilim ve teknoloji, kültürel objeyi oluşturan malzemelerin karakterizasyonu, teşhisi, yeni koruma tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi ve önleyici koruma kapsamında uygun çevresel koşulların oluşturulabilmesi önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, deri restorasyonu alanında çalışan araştırmacılara; derinin tanımlanması, eserin durumu hakkında bilgi edinilmesi, teşhisin konulabilmesi ve esere uygulanacak koruma yöntemlerinin belirlenebilmesi için kullanılan arkeometrik analizler hakkında bilgi vermektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiş; eserin ne olduğu, nasıl bir malzeme ve teknikle üretildiği ne amaçla yapıldığı ne zaman yapıldığı ve korunmuşluk durumu gibi sorulara hangi arkeometrik analizler kullanılarak cevap verilebileceği hakkında araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Arkeometrik analizleri yapmak bir konservatörün işi değildir. Fakat bir konservatörün eser hakkında karar verebilmesi için hangi arkeometrik analizi kullanması gerektiğini bilmesi ve çıkan sonuçları değerlendirebilmesi gerekmektedir.
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures
Authors: Liu Bin , Xie Zhenghui , Liu Shuang , Zeng Yujing , Li Ruichao , Wang Longhuan , Wang Yan , Jia Binghao , Qin Peihua , Chen Si , Xie Jinbo , Shi ChunXiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Urban irrigation and road sprinkling are methods for mitigating
high urban temperatures which are expected to enhance evapotranspiration
and affect the urban weather, climate, and environment. Optimizing limited
water supplies is necessary in regions with water shortages. In this study,
we implemented urban water usage schemes, including urban irrigation and road sprinkling in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and assessed their effects with different amounts of water in city centers, suburbs, and rural areas by using the WRF model at a resolution of 1 km in Beijing, China. In addition, we developed an optimization scheme with a cooling effect as the optimal objective and the total water supply as the constraint condition. Nonlinear relationships were identified between the cooling effect and water consumption for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation, and the cooling effect due to urban irrigation was more effective than that attributed to road sprinkling. Based on the optimal water management scheme, and according to Beijing's 13th 5 Year Plan, about 90 % of the total water supply should be used for urban irrigation and 10 % for road sprinkling as the most effective approach for decreasing urban temperatures by about 1.9 ∘C.
NECESIDADES DOCENTES PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA PAZ EN EL MARCO DE LA “CÁTEDRA DE LA PAZ ”
Authors: García Darwin Jovany Tejeda , Serrano Francisco José Del Pozo 
Published: January 2021

Este estudio plantea en la región caribe colombiana, un abordaje respecto a la educación para la paz y su importancia en la implementación de Cátedra de la paz. El trabajo es un aporte derivado de una tesis doctoral vinculada al Proyecto “Educación para la paz en las instituciones educativas y comunidades vulnerables de la Región Caribe colombiana convocatoria” (740­2015 convocatoria proyectos de investigación en ciencias humanas, sociales y educación). El objetivo de la investigación es estudiar las necesidades formativas docentes que presentan para el desarrolla de la Cátedra de la Paz en las instituciones educativas de la Región Caribe. Este estudio es descriptivo de enfoque interpretativo y presenta una metodología cuantitativa a partir de una encuesta de percepción docente (técnica de encuesta para profesorado) vinculado a las instituciones educativas. Los resultados y las conclusiones principales plantean las problemáticas más frecuentes y relevantes que debe el profesorado mediar en el contexto escolar; así como las necesidades socioeducativas con mayores carencias que tiene el profesorado en relación a los contenidos de la Cátedra de la Paz (memoria histórica, resolución pacífica de conflictos, etc.).
Trauma e prematuridade: o que fazer diante do nascimento inesperado de um bebê?
Authors: Freitas Andréa Leão Leonardo-Pereira de , Lazzarini Eliana Rigotto 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo propõe um estudo teórico acerca do nascimento prematuro como um evento traumático para o bebê e a sua família, especialmente para a mãe, que também pode ser considerada uma mãe prematura. Primeiramente, falaremos sobre o trauma no contexto específico do nascimento prematuro. O trauma do nascimento será apresentado como uma falha ambiental, que está relacionada à falta de provisão dos cuidados maternos, primordiais no estágio de dependência absoluta. Depois, apontaremos possibilidades de intervenção precoce, com o objetivo de evitar a cristalização da dor e do sofrimento psíquico ocasionados pelo nascimento antecipado. O trabalho psicanalítico individual ou em grupo de escuta, bem como a literatura e o Método Canguru são mencionadas como caminhos para as mães fazerem um contorno naquilo que é real, indizível traumático, para conseguirem estabelecer um vínculo afetivo com o seu filho.
Multi-Response Optimisation for the Development of an Activated Carbon Web as Interlining for Higher Electrical Conductivity and EMI Shielding Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Naeem M. Salman , Ahmad Naseer , Javed Zafar , Jabbar Abdul , Rehman Ateeq ur , Zubair Muhammad , Gilani Syed Qummer Zia , Ahmad Zuhaib , Karahan Mehmet 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a simple and novel method of producing an activated carbon (AC) non-woven web from acrylic waste derived from discarded bathmats converted into a nonwoven web by a carding and needle punching machine. After stabilisation at lower temperature, carbonisation of the stabilised web was performed in a muffle furnace. The carbonisation temperature, the holding time of the activated carbon web at the final temperature, the heating rate to reach the final carbonisation temperature and the number of steps adopted for developing the carbon web were optimised using the grey relational analysis (GRA) approach to get optimum responses of the surface area of the web, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. The results demonstrated a large improvement in electrical conductivity as surface resistivity decreased from 134.21 Ω.mm to 0.28 Ω.mm, and the corresponding electromagnetic shielding increased to 82.63 dB when the temperature of the carbonisation, the holding time and number of steps were increased. The surface area in the AC web was increased from 73 m2g-1 to 210 m2g-1 with an increase in the carbonisation temperature, the holding time and number of steps to reach the final temperature. The optimisation technique used in this work could be successfully used in cost and error reduction while producing an AC web. The optimised AC web was characterised by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction characterisation and elemental analysis (EDX) in order to determine changes in its structure, surface area, degree of crystallinity, inter-layer spacing and proportion of different elements. The AC web developed can be effectively employed as interlining in apparels because of its flexibility and eco-friendly electromagnetic shielding, as it works on the principle of the absorption, reflections and internal reflections of electromagnetic radiations.
Food for Thought in the Souillac Pillar: Devouring Beasts, Pain and the Subversion of Heroic Codes of Violence
Authors: Knicely Carol 
Published: January 2021

Sculptée sur la face avant du large pilier de l’église de Souillac, la représentation de bêtes sauvages déchiquetant leur proie a toujours fasciné les visiteurs. Pour les chercheurs cependant, sa complexité et son ambiguïté se sont toujours révélées difficiles à interpréter. La manière de représenter le motif découle d’une tradition animalière destinée à rehausser la vaillance masculine. Ce traitement traditionnel se trouve ici contredit par l’apparition, dans la partie supérieure du pilier, d’un homme nu, sans défense et attaqué par des animaux qui lui infligent des sévices corporels. Le pilier tient ainsi deux discours distincts et radicalement opposés sur la souffrance. Le premier reste relié aux moeurs des seigneurs féodaux et le second à l’ordre monastique. En transgressant ces frontières bien établies, l’image produit du sens et un impact psychologique par la confrontation de ces deux discours antagonistes. Il transforme la mentalité guerrière féodale, celle qui dénie la souffrance et la peur de la mort, et propose une autre vision plus près de la perception et des intérêts défendus par l’ordre monastique. En effet, pour celui-ci, la souffrance (physique et spirituelle) aussi bien que la peur de la mort se trouvent à être des éléments essentiels au futur triomphe de l’âme. Les images sculptées et leur iconographie contribuent donc dans leur originalité programmatique au changement des attitudes sociales et religieuses qui marquent la société laïque du sceau de la culpabilité. Je soutiens donc ici que les sculptures du portail de Souillac participent visuellement, dès le XIIe siècle, à la transformation radicale des mentalités.
Shields of Faith: Apotropaic Images of the Virgin in Alfonso X’s Cantigas de Santa Maria
Authors: Jackson Deirdre E. 
Published: January 2021

Cet article examine un certain nombre de miracles racontés par Alphonse X dans les Cantigas de Santa Maria, ces derniers décrivant comment la Vierge Marie prit la défense de ses fidèles contre leurs ennemis musulmans. Ces miracles de la Vierge ont été puisés dans une grande variété de sources par le roi lui-même et aussi par ses collaborateurs. Nous les comparerons donc avec d’autres miracles d’origine ibérique. Ces deux catégories de légendes sont souvent regroupées autour d’images apotropaïques de la Vierge où cette dernière manifeste son pouvoir. L’image se retrouve ainsi au centre du conflit qui oppose les fidèles de religions opposées. L’antipathie des Musulmans envers l’image de Vierge et leur rejet de celle-ci marquent leur différence avec leurs rivaux chrétiens. Dans la plus grande partie des légendes analysées, la Vierge prend dans la bataille une position défensive plutôt qu’offensive. Nous examinerons aussi la façon dont les deux séries de miracles se différencient les uns des autres dans le traitement des rapports entre les Chrétiens et les Musulmans. Dans le premier groupe, ces derniers sont habituellement caractérisés comme des iconoclastes belliqueux et les Chrétiens comme d’innocentes victimes. Dans le second, les Musulmans sont présentés sous un jour plus favorable et les Chrétiens ne sont plus complètement stéréotypés comme héros. La juxtaposition entre des légendes plus anciennes et d’autres plus récentes pourrait donc avoir fait comprendre aux membres de la cour d’Alphonse X que le Vierge, qui avait défendu les Chrétiens dans le passé, était encore une force tout aussi vitale dans le Xllle siècle de la Castille-León.
Speculations on the Introduction and Role of Alexemata in Doric Temple Architecture
Authors: Hatch John G. 
Published: January 2021

Le temple d’Apollon à Corinthe (c. 540 av. J.-C.) introduit dans l’architecture dorique l’usage du stylobate incurvé et la récession de l’entrecolonnement des coins. Des théories concernant l’usage de ces « raffinements » ont été incapables d’expliquer comment ces ajustements mineurs pouvaient être tolérés à l’intérieur d’un ordre architectural. Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture de la géométrie qui expliquerait comment ces « raffinements » ou alexemata étaient possibles. Cette interprétation trouve ainsi une double justification dans ses fondements philosophiques pythagoriciens et par son accord avec la logique interne de l’Order dorique.
Etant donnés: Rrose/Duchamp in a Mirror
Authors: Daubner Ernestine 
Published: January 2021

L’oeuvre provocante de Marcel Duchamp intitulée, Etant donnés : 1. La chute d’eau, 2. Le gaz d’éclairage, 1946-1966, construite en secret pendant les vingt dernières années de sa vie, est l’objet de cet article. Cette oeuvre, selon l’auteure, a été conçue pour être vue in situ, non seulement pour produire un effet de choc mais aussi pour embrouiller le spectateur. Transformé(e) en voyeur, le spectateur se sent gêné(e) devant ce corps de femme exhibitionniste exposé dans un musée. L’auteure décrit cette expérience de gêne comme un « trébuchet » (aussi le titre d’une autre oeuvre) de l’artiste. Elle raconte comment, une fois libéré de ce piège, on peut voir cette oeuvre comme un jeu de miroir, un jeu spéculaire joué entre deux partenaires, Marcel Duchamp (en guise d’homme rationnel) et son alter ego, Rrose Sélavy (en guise de corps de femme subversif). Elle explique comment ce jeu spéculaire est basé sur les principes cartesiens, et se joue surtout entre « corps » et « esprit ».
L’auteure finit par démontrer que cette oeuvre (ou jeu) n’est qu’une représentation de Marcel Duchamp, en tant qu’homme, qui regarde sa réflection inversée (de femme) dans un miroir. Il s’agit donc de la représentation d’un androgyne, Rrose/Duchamp. Une discussion des problèmes de l’androgynité amène l’auteure à réaliser que ce jeu de miroir révèle un aveuglement de la part de l’artiste; un aveuglement qui, par contre, apporte des élaircissements importants sur la question de l’identité, et surtout sur le problème de l’articulation de la différence entre le moi et l’autre.
Identification de l’avant-garde et identité de l’artiste : les femmes et le groupe automatiste au Québec (1941-1948)
Authors: Arbour Rose Marie 
Published: January 2021

This essay examines the status of women artists directly or indirectly related to the Automatist Movement in Quebec during the 1940s. Some of these women were signatories of the group's notorious Refus global (1948) manifesto, which marked a turning point in radical modern thought in Quebec. The author first recontextualizes the contribution of women artists to the art vivant milieu during the inter-war years; she then discusses an important aspect of radical modernity (avant-garde) as represented by the Automatists (1942-54): the plurality of disciplines and the trans-disciplinary practice, characteristic of nearly all the women artists involved in this movement. In conclusion, she offers an analysis of the significance of the signing of the Refus global for women artists: had they not done so, most of them would not be recognized as part of the history of this artistic and literary avant-garde movement, let alone the history of art in general.
This study reveals the extent to which avant-garde activity relies on theoretical thought and writing to become a part of history. That few women have made their mark in artistic avant-garde movements has been attributed, in part, to the fact that they have written little, if at all. The same would no doubt be true of the women artists discussed here had they not signed their name to the Refus global. A number of them would undoubtedly have been acclaimed even without this signatory consecration, but recognition would have come at a later date and in another context.