bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpine community recruitment potential is determined by habitat attributes in the alpine ecosystems of the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains, SW China
Authors: Chen Xufang , Qian Lishen , Zhang Yazhou , Shi Honghua , Sun Hang , Chen Jianguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fragility and sensitivity to climate change of alpine ecosystems make it difficult to maintain the stability of their plant communities. Thus, it is important to determine which plant propagules are stored in the soils in order to understand community recruitment potential, especially under different environmental conditions. Based on a soil seed germination and seedling cultivation experiment, we aimed to identify differences in the soil seed attributes between three typical habitat types in the alpine subnival ecosystems of the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains and hence to predict the community recruitment potential of each of these different communities. We found that the seed assemblages in the soils differed between habitats. The most abundant taxa were from the generaSaxifraga,Kobresia,Arenaria,Polygonum,Draba, andViola, while the taxa with lowest abundance wereApiaceae,Campanulaceae,Circaea,Crassulaceae, andGentiana. Different habitats exhibited variable soil seed richness, diversity, and density. However, the patterns differed between study sites. Specifically, at Baima (BM) and Shika (SK) snow mountains, soil seed richness, diversity, and density were generally highest in grassland, followed by rock bed and bare ground. In contrast, on Jiaozi (JZ) snow mountain, the rock bed supported the highest soil seed richness and density, followed by grassland and bare ground. These results suggest that the attributes of habitats and communities can both affect the accumulation of soil seeds. Bare ground supports the lowest seed diversity and density but also harbors the most empty niches. We, therefore, predict that, once the thermal conditions become suitable as a result of global warming, this habitat has the potential to see greater changes than grassland and rock bed in terms of community recruitment.
Late Jurassic Nb‐enriched basalts from the Bilong Co area in the southern Qiangtang Terrane, central Tibet, and their implications
Authors: Cheng Jianbo , Li Yalin , He Haiyang , Xiao Siqi , Bi Wenjun , Zou Yu 
Published: November 2021

Arc‐related magmatic records in the southern Qiangtang Terrane play a key role in the complete understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean during the late Mesozoic. In this study, we present new zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Bilong Co basalts in the central segment of the southern Qiangtang Terrane. The results show that the studied basalts were most likely emplaced during the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic). They are characterized by low SiO2 (49.48–52.55 wt%), and high Al2O3 (14.75–15.89 wt%) and MgO (7.44–9.16 wt%), and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonite series. All samples show significant enrichment in light rare earth elements (LaN/YbN = 14.99–17.47) and large‐ion lithophile elements, but depletion in high‐field‐strength elements with pronounced negative Nb‐Ta‐Ti anomalies. Six samples exhibit constant and depleted whole‐rock εNd(t) values ranging from 5.78 to 6.03. The Bilong Co basalts have high Nb (6.47–9.52 ppm) contents and Nb/Yb (3.49–4.30) ratios, which resemble those of the arc‐related Nb‐enriched basaltic rocks in the southern Qiangtang Terrane. These geochemical signatures reveal that the Bilong Co basalts were most likely derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by slab‐derived melts and sediments in a continental arc setting, indicating the northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere beneath the southern Qiangtang Terrane during the Late Jurassic. Our results, together with the previously published data, suggest that the Late Jurassic arc‐related magmatism is rather extensive in the southern Qiangtang Terrane, further supporting a Cretaceous closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean.
Hypoglycemia during the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy—maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Raviv Shira , Wilkof‐Segev Renana , Maor‐Sagie Esther , Naeh Amir , Yoeli Yochai , Hallak Mordechai , Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by hypoglycemia on 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of all live‐born deliveries in a single medical center during 2018 and 2019 with available OGTT results and birth outcomes. Preterm deliveries (<34 weeks), multiple pregnancies and major anomalies were excluded. Hypoglycemia during OGTT was defined as at least one glucose value below 60 mg/dl. Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes were compared between three groups: Hypoglycemia on OGTT, Normal OGTT and Abnormal OGTT. Univariate followed by multivariate analyses were used to control for confounders.ResultsOverall, 2079 women were entered into the analysis. Of these, 216 (10.4%) had at least one hypoglycemic value, 1072 (51.6%) had normal OGTTs and 791 (38%) abnormal OGTTs. Hypoglycemia in OGTT was more prevalent in multiparous women and was associated with fetal male gender. Absolute birth weight, low birth weight and small for gestational age differed between groups; however, there was no difference between groups in overall birth weight centiles (60.1 ± 26.8 versus 63 ± 26 versus 60.9 ± 27; P > 0.05). Following adjustment of confounders, hypoglycemia was not associated with rates of low birth weight or small for gestational age (P < 0.05). There were no other differences in perinatal outcomes between groups.ConclusionHypoglycemia in OGTT is not associated with maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.
Investigating and treating chronic diarrhoea in dogs. Part 2: specific disorders of the small and large intestines
Authors: Walker Joshua , McMahon Lucy 
Published: November 2021

Background: Diarrhoea is a common complaint in dogs and may cause significant patient morbidity and owner distress. Many diseases can lead to chronic diarrhoea (›three weeks) in dogs.Aim of the article: Part one of this series discussed the systematic approach to the diagnosis of chronic diarrhoea in the dog (Walker and McMahon 2019). This second article covers treatment of specific causes of chronic diarrhoea in more detail, focusing on diseases commonly identified in practice. In recognition of the fact that many clients cannot afford extensive investigation, a ‘low‐cost’ treatment approach is suggested at the end of this article.
Antimicrobial use: importance of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing
Authors: Allerton Fergus , Nuttall Tim 
Published: November 2021

Background: Tools are needed to assist in the battle against multi‐drug resistant infections. To ensure rational antimicrobial use, it is crucial to identify infectious agents.Aim of the article: This article highlights the application of culture and susceptibility testing, which will assist practitioners in optimising antimicrobial selection. It describes techniques to obtain a representative sample for analysis and how to maximise pathogen viability during transport and handling. Some of the different methodologies employed for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing will be reviewed with guidance on how to interpret the results. We wholeheartedly support practitioner efforts to detect and characterise bacterial pathogens and hope to provide a useful guide to the analysis of these results so that they can inform therapeutic strategy. By working closely with your local veterinary diagnostic laboratory patient care may be enhanced; maintaining open channels of communication with the microbiologist can also provide context to unexpected results. Bacterial culture and susceptibility testing facilitate appropriate antimicrobial selection and, therefore, play a pivotal role in tackling antimicrobial resistance. It is beholden to veterinarians to learn how to use these tools most effectively.
Referral rate for obstructive sleep apnea in a pre‐doctoral dental clinic using the STOP‐Bang Questionnaire
Authors: Guess Nathan William , Fischbach Henry , Ni Andy A. , Firestone Allen R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition that can result in significant illness when untreated. Only 10%–20% of individuals with OSA are believed to be properly diagnosed. Consequently, dentists are encouraged to identify patients at high risk for OSA. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients in a dental school student clinic were referred for evaluation of OSA when appropriate.Materials and methodsAll patients 18 or older admitted to the College of Dentistry between July 2017 and March 2020 completed a medical history form. Data were extracted from their responses to determine a STOP‐Bang score, as well as data regarding a previous diagnosis of OSA and a list of referrals. Students are expected to refer patients appropriately where there are indications of a high risk of undiagnosed disease. In the case of a sleep apnea evaluation, this would include any patient whose STOP‐Bang score was 5 or greater, per the lecture on sleep disorders. For patients identified as high risk, notes and referral forms were reviewed to determine if the appropriate referral occurred.ResultsOf the 21,312 new patients, 1098 (5.2%) were identified as high‐risk for OSA. Of those, 398 (36%) had not been previously diagnosed with OSA. None of these 398 patients received a referral for further evaluation of OSA.ConclusionThe rate of referral for further evaluation for patients deemed at high risk for OSA was inadequate. Continued education and changes to the electronic health record are needed to ensure those at high‐risk for OSA are appropriately managed.
Sensorimotor outcomes in adrenomyeloneuropathy show significant disease progression
Authors: Keller Jennifer L. , Eloyan Ani , Raymond Gerald V. , Fatemi Ali , Zackowski Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrent outcomes used to evaluate adrenomyeloneuropathy are limited by rater bias, not sensitive to preclinical changes, and require years to decades to detect disease progression. Quantitative outcomes are needed that detect meaningful change in a short time period over a broad range of disability. The study aim was to track sensorimotor outcomes in adults with adrenomyeloneuropathy and evaluate differences in progression between men and women. This prospective observational cohort study analyzes data collected annually in the Phase III study of adults with adrenomyeloneuropathy. Outcomes include postural sway in four static standing conditions, great‐toe vibration, hip strength, walking velocity, timed up‐and‐go, and 6‐minute walk distance. Linear mixed model analysis was used to detect change in the outcomes in 2 years, correcting for age, sex, disability, symptom duration, and treatment across the cohort. Modeling was repeated for each sex to evaluate differences. Power computations were carried out by sex and for the full dataset. Sixty‐one men and 87 women participated. Average age, 46 ± 12 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale, 3 (1‐6.5); symptom duration, 10.8 ± 9.4 years. The cohort showed significant worsening in all standing conditions (P < .001), sensation (P = .0223) and strength (P = .001); but more stability in walking with only velocity (P < .0337) significantly declining. For each sex, postural sway declines significantly in all conditions (P < .01) except for eyes closed feet together for women. Strength declines significantly by sex for hip flexion (P < .03). Sex‐specific significant decline is seen in walking (velocity P = .0276; distance P = .0072) for men only. Quantitative measures of postural sway, sensation strength, and walking are effective measures of adrenomyeloneuropathy progression in 2 years.
Amygdala network reorganization mediates the theory of mind performances in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koubiyr Ismail , Dulau‐Metras Cécile , Deloire Mathilde , Charré‐Morin Julie , Saubusse Aurore , Brochet Bruno , Ruet Aurélie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM) seems to be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI studies suggested a role of the amygdala in social cognitive performances. Therefore, we explored the role of the amygdala network in ToM using a multimodal MRI approach. In MS, patients with impaired ToM showed contradictory dysexecutive neuropsychological profile. Therefore, we compared neural networks involved in ToM and executive functions (EFs). Twenty patients with relapsing‐remitting MS and 15 matched healthy controls were selected. ToM (Faux Pas test and mind stories) and EFs were assessed within and outside the scanner. All subjects underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Multimodal MRI with structural (diffusion imaging) and functional (resting‐state and task‐based) sequences was used to analyze the role and connections of the amygdala in ToM functioning. Cognitive and ToM performances were similar between patients and controls. Resting‐state data revealed decreased connectivity of the left amygdala with frontal areas in patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). During the task‐based functional MRI, patients demonstrated increased connectivity between the amygdala and several cerebellar and left temporal regions (all p < 0.05). The microstructural alterations between the left amygdala and left temporal regions were associated with increased functional connectivity within the same pathway (r = 0.74; p < 0.01). No overlap was observed between functional networks involved in ToM and EFs. Our study demonstrates more connectivity recruitment between the amygdala and cerebellar and temporal regions in MS patients to reach preserved ToM performance. Microstructural abnormalities have been related to this compensatory network. Finally, different networks were involved in EFs and ToM.
Non‐linearchanges in phase inversion temperature for oil and water emulsions of nonionic surfactant mixtures
Authors: Dado Gregory P. , Knox Paul W. , Lang Rachel M. , Knock Mona M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) is a semiempirical framework for surfactant‐oil–water (SOW) formulation that has effectively assimilated SOW properties such as phase inversion temperature (PIT) and Winsor Type I ↔ II ↔ III ↔ IV microemulsion behavior. The HLD system's reliance on surfactant and oil parameters necessitates their experimental determination when relevant and accurate values are not available. In this study, experiments have been of the type commonly used to generate test surfactant HLD parameters based on perturbation of a well‐defined SOW reference system and assumption of linear mixing behavior for PIT versus component mole fractions. The reference SOW compositions comprisedn‐octane, 0.01 M aqueous NaCl, and puren‐decyl tetraethylene glycol ether (C10E4) reference surfactant. Test surfactants were primary alcohol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxylates comprising disperse PEG (polyethylene glycol) chain lengths that are inherent to commercial production of nonionic ethoxylate surfactants. We observe non‐linear behavior of PIT versus test surfactant mole fraction, even when accounting for surfactant concentration effects, so the desired linear correlation that could otherwise be used to assign an HLD parameter has not been obtained. Since an objective of this study has been to improve the predictive utility of the HLD framework for commercial nonionic surfactants, relevant terms in the HLD equation have been assessed in terms of their potential contributions to non‐linear behavior. One current working‐explanation relates substantial non‐linear PIT contribution to oil‐like surfactant components in disperse commercial ethoxylates.
Development of ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry assays to analyze potential biomarkers in sweat
Authors: Herniman Julie M. , Worsley Peter R. , Greenhill Rachel , Bader Dan L. , John Langley G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry methods were required to afford the rapid separation and detection of purines and small organic acids. These compounds are found in sweat and sebum and are potential biomarkers for the early detection of pressures sores. Two ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry assays have been successfully developed for both classes of compounds. Separation for purines was achieved using a gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol with a 1‐aminoanthracene sub 2 μm particle size column followed by positive ion electrospray ionization. Separation for organic acids was achieved using a gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol (50 mM ammonium acetate 2% water) with a Diol sub 2 μm particle size column followed by negative ion electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were created in the absence of internal standards and R2 values > 0.96 were achieved using single ion monitoring methods for the protonated purines and the deprotonated acids. The two new assays afford rapid analytical methods for the separation and detection of potential biomarkers in human sweat leading to the early detection and prevention of pressure sores.
Reference state, structure, regime shifts, and regulatory drivers in a coastal sea over the last century: The Central Baltic Sea case
Authors: Tomczak Maciej T. , Müller‐Karulis Bärbel , Blenckner Thorsten , Ehrnsten Eva , Eero Margit , Gustafsson Bo , Norkko Alf , Otto Saskia A. , Timmermann Karen , Humborg Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of regime shifts in marine ecosystems has important implications for environmental legislation that requires setting reference levels and targets of quantitative restoration outcomes. The Baltic Sea ecosystem has undergone large changes in the 20th century related to anthropogenic pressures and climate variability, which have caused ecosystem reorganization. Here, we compiled historical information and identified relationships in our dataset using multivariate statistics and modeling across 31 biotic and abiotic variables from 1925 to 2005 in the Central Baltic Sea. We identified a series of ecosystem regime shifts in the 1930s, 1970s, and at the end of the 1980s/beginning of the 1990s. In the long term, the Central Baltic Sea showed a regime shift from a benthic to pelagic‐dominated state. Historically, benthic components played a significant role in trophic transfer, while in the more recent productive system pelagic–benthic coupling was weak and pelagic components dominated. Our analysis shows that for the entire time period, productivity, climate, and hydrography mainly affected the functioning of the food web, whereas fishing became important more recently. Eutrophication had far‐reaching direct and indirect impacts from a long‐term perspective and changed not only the trophic state of the system but also affected higher trophic levels. Our study also suggests a switch in regulatory drivers from salinity to oxygen. The “reference ecosystem” identified in our analysis may guide the establishment of an ecosystem state baseline and threshold values for ecosystem state indicators of the Central Baltic Sea.
Development of a rehabilitation researcher survey of knowledge and interest in learning health systems research
Authors: Resnik Linda , Clark Melissa A. , Freburger Janet , McDonough Christine , Poploski Kathleen , Ressel Kristin , Whitten Margarite , Stevans Joel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionLeaRRn, an NIH‐funded rehabilitation resource center, is dedicated to developing learning health systems (LHS) research competencies within the rehabilitation community. To appropriately target resources and training opportunities for rehabilitation researchers, we developed and pilot tested a survey based on AHRQ LHS research core competencies to assess the training needs of rehabilitation researchers interested in LHS research.MethodsSurvey items were developed by the investigative team and iteratively refined with the assistance of an expert panel using two rounds of content validation. Survey items addressed knowledge of, ability to apply, and interest in LHS research competencies. The survey was pre‐pilot tested with six rehabilitation professionals, refined again, and then pilot tested. Time to complete the survey was measured. Spearman correlations examined relationships between knowledge and ability.ResultsA 78‐item survey was pilot tested. Forty‐five individuals completed the pilot survey in full (71% female, 84% white, and 93% non‐Hispanic). Due to concerns about response burden (mean 15 minutes to complete) and strong correlation between “knowledge” and “ability” ratings (all rho >0.57), “ability” was dropped, resulting in a 55‐item survey assessing “knowledge” and “interest” in LHS research competencies.ConclusionsWe developed a survey of knowledge and interest in LHS research competencies for rehabilitation researchers. The resulting survey may be used to assess training needs and guide LHS research content development by educators, programs directors, and other initiatives within the rehabilitation research community.
Effect of Thyme extract as an ecofriendly inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in acidic media
Authors: Golshani Zahra , Moezabad Hossein Cheraghi , Amiri Mahnaz , Sajadi Ghazal S. , Naghizade Razie , Hosseini Seyed M. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural extracts have been widely used to protect metal materials from corrosion. Mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibition in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was investigated in the absence and presence of Thyme leaf extracts as an economical corrosion inhibitor. The effects of various concentrations and different temperatures on inhibitor efficacy were investigated. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves, the corrosion resistance of the alloy was also estimated. The polarization technique indicated that the Thyme extract is a mixed‐type inhibitor for MS in 0.5 M H2SO4. The obtained results revealed an excellent inhibition efficiency of 98% at 200 ppm of Thyme concentration. The thermodynamic parameters calculated, the effects of temperature, and the adsorption mechanism were also investigated, that suggested formation of monolayer inhibitor molecules (i.e. the Langmuir adsorption isotherm) on the metal surface. The value calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm plots for inhibitor indicated that it was adsorbed on the alloy surface via a physisorption mechanism. Additional studies on plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors on metals are needed to produce solutions for industrial purposes.
An n‐shaped multimode wideband substrate integrated suspended line antenna using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Tang Bin , Ma Kaixue , Luo Yu , Newton Moro Eric , Ma Jianguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn n‐shaped antenna with multimode for wideband application based on substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform is presented using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). By exciting three modes simultaneously, a wideband characteristic is achieved. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.74 λ0 × 1.47 λ0 × 0.11 λ0 (where λ0 is the free‐space operating wavelength at the center frequency of 6.205 GHz). The antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that in the band of 5.1–7.31 GHz, |S11| <−10 dB, and the realized gain is from 5.2 to 9.8 dBi which can be used for WLAN and 5G wireless communication system.