bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass of a Psychrophilic Fungus as a Biocatalyst for Efficient Direct Esterification of Citronellol
Authors: Kutyła Mateusz , Trytek Mariusz , Buczek Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Ewa , Muszyński Siemowit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA biomass-bound lipase from psychrophilic Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 is an efficient biocatalyst for direct esterification of β-citronellol and acetic acid in an organic solvent. The biomass is effectively produced by fungal submerged culture at 20 ℃, which results in lower energy consumption during the production of biocatalyst. Supplementation of the culture medium with calcium carbonate together with olive oil contributed to a significant increase in the active biomass of mycelium in one batch culture and increased the efficiency of the biocatalyst. Biomass-bound lipase showed high catalytic activity in a broad temperature range of 30–60 °C and stability up to 70 °C. A maximum molar conversion value of 98% was obtained at 30 °C in n-hexane using a 2:1 alcohol-to-acid molar ratio and 3% w/v of the biocatalyst within 24 h. The high equimolar concentration of the substrates (200 mM) did not have an adverse effect on mycelial biomass activity. Dry mycelium of C. pannorum is a promising biocatalyst for large-scale biosynthesis of citronellyl acetate, given its low-cost production, high activity at low temperatures, and reusability in a minimum of seven 24-h biocatalytic cycles.
Ultra-Thin Carbon-Doped Bi2WO6 Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Han , Zhang Junchao , Yu Jiaguo , Cao Shaowen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising strategy to generate chemical fuels. However, this reaction usually suffers from low photoactivity because of insufficient light absorption and rapid charge recombination. Defect engineering has become an effective approach to improve the photocatalytic activity. Herein, ultra-thin (~ 4.1 nm) carbon-doped Bi2WO6 nanosheets were prepared via hydrothermal treatment followed by calcination. The ultra-thin nanosheet structure of the catalyst not only provides more active sites but also shortens the diffusion distance of charge carriers, thereby suppressing charge recombination. Moreover, carbon doping could successfully extend the light absorption range of the catalyst and remarkably promote charge separation, thus inhibiting recombination. As a result, the as-prepared Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with ultra-thin nanosheet structure and carbon doping exhibits enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance, which is twice that of pristine ultra-thin Bi2WO6 nanosheet. This study highlights the importance of defect engineering in photocatalytic energy conversion and provides new insights for fabricating efficient photocatalysts.
Homeobox Gene Six3 is Required for the Differentiation of D2-Type Medium Spiny Neurons
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Chen Haotian , Shang Zicong , Du Heng , Li Zhenmeiyu , Wen Yan , Liu Guoping , Qi Dashi , You Yan , Yang Zhengang , Zhang Zhuangzhi , Xu Zhejun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMedium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, which can be divided into D1 and D2 MSNs, originate from the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Previously, we reported thatSix3is a downstream target ofSp8/Sp9in the transcriptional regulatory cascade of D2 MSN development and that conditionally knocking outSix3leads to a severe loss of D2 MSNs. Here, we showed thatSix3mainly functions in D2 MSN precursor cells and gradually loses its function as D2 MSNs mature. Conditional deletion ofSix3had little effect on cell proliferation but blocked the differentiation of D2 MSN precursor cells. In addition, conditional overexpression ofSix3promoted the differentiation of precursor cells in the LGE. We measured an increase of apoptosis in the postnatal striatum of conditionalSix3-knockout mice. This suggests that, in the absence ofSix3,abnormally differentiated D2 MSNs are eliminated by programmed cell death. These results further identifySix3as an important regulatory element during D2 MSN differentiation.
Energy Storage as an Equity Asset
Authors: Tarekegne Bethel , O’Neil Rebecca , Twitchell Jeremy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review offers a discussion on how energy storage deployment advances equitable outcomes for the power system. It catalogues the four tenets of the energy justice concept—distributive, recognition, procedural, and restorative—and shows how they relate to inequities in energy affordability, availability, due process, sustainability, and responsibility.Recent FindingsEnergy storage systems have been deployed to support grid reliability and renewable resource integration, but there is additional emerging value in considering the connections between energy storage applications and equity challenges in the power system. Through a thorough review of the energy justice and energy transitions literature, this paper offers the equity dimensions of storage project design and implementations.SummaryEmerging energy programs and projects are utilizing energy storage in pursuit of improved equity outcomes. Future research and policy design should integrate energy justice principles to align storage penetration with desired equity outcomes.
RADIOCARBON DATES FOR THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE OCCUPATIONS OF COVA ROSA (RIBADESELLA, ASTURIAS, SPAIN)
Authors: Álvarez-Fernández Esteban , Jordá Pardo Jesús F , Arias Pablo , Bécares Julián , Martín-Jarque Sergio , Portero Rodrigo , Teira Luis , Douka Katerina 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTFour excavations have been performed at the archaeological site of Cova Rosa (Asturias, Cantabrian Spain): three of them in the second half of last century and the other in this decade. Although little of the archaeological material found in those excavations has been published, here we attempt the stratigraphic correlation of sections revealed by the different excavations and we present 22 new radiocarbon dates for bones and marine shells, built in a Bayesian statistical model. This has enabled the documentation of occupations that mainly took place during the Last Glacial period, in the Solutrean (middle and upper phases) and Magdalenian (archaic, lower, and upper phases), and also in the early Holocene (Mesolithic). These occupations are compared with the record at other sites in Cantabrian Spain in general and in Asturias, in particular.
The Convict’s Gibbet and the Victor’s Car: The Triumphal Death of Marcus Atilius Regulus and the Background of Col 2:15
Authors: Dodson Joseph R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article will suggest that scholars have overlooked a model plausibly lurking in the background of Col 2:15 which parallels the triumphal death of Christ: namely, the crucifixion of Regulus. Regulus was a general who achieved a near-mythic status during the First Punic War by his sacrificial death, in which his perseverance on the gibbet was seen as even greater than riding in the victor’s car. Tertullian credited Regulus as having set the precedent for enduring the torments of the cross, while others declared him as having overcome through death not only his human foes but also Lady Fortune. Regulus’ story enjoyed so much widespread popularity it was admitted in the curriculum of Roman schools by the middle of the first century CE. Because Regulus’ epic contains low-hanging fruit, ripe for comparison with Christ’s crucifixion, Christians drew upon the story of Regulus from at least as early as Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Arnobius, and Augustine. Nevertheless, scholars have overlooked the possible parallels with Regulus’ story and Christ’s triumphal death in Col 2:15. I will first provide a composite depiction of Regulus’ military life and sacrificial death along with its reported ramifications in order to tease out similarities and differences with Col 2:15 and finally conclude with comments concerning the significance of including the legend as additional background for the verse. In short, I will propose that reading Regulus’ story in comparison with Col 2:15 supports an anti-imperial and/or a supra-imperial reading of the letter.
Scandal and Secrecy in the History of the Nineteenth-Century British Empire
Authors: Wilkinson Callie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor historians of empire, scandals provide a useful starting point for investigating how the operations of imperial power were contested and reworked in moments of crisis. Yet, existing scholarship on imperial scandal consists mostly of case-studies that do not always reflect on the larger trend of which they are a part. This review draws on six accounts of imperial scandals to produce a general picture of the characteristics and functions of scandals in the historiography of the nineteenth-century British empire. What this comparison suggests is that imperial scandals possessed distinctive stakes and seem, as a result, to have represented periodic ruptures in longer-term patterns of local silence and complicity. Scandals, if used cautiously, can therefore provide evidence to support ongoing discussions about the logic of colonial concealment. At the same time, scandals also remind us that publicity is not a simple cure-all. By including a wider range of actors and non-governmental sources, future studies of scandal might elucidate the political limits of transparency, as well as exploring how imperial subjects negotiated gendered and racialized access to public and political platforms.
Impact of maternal age on infants' emotional regulation and psychomotor development
Authors: Moreno-Giménez Alba , Campos-Berga Laura , Nowak Alicja , Sahuquillo-Leal Rosa , D'Ocon Ana , Hervás David , Navalón Pablo , Vento Máximo , García-Blanco Ana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaternal age has progressively increased in industrialized countries. Most studies focus on the consequences of delayed motherhood for women's physical and mental health, but little is known about potential effects on infants' neurodevelopment. This prospective study examines the association between maternal age and offspring neurodevelopment in terms of both psychomotor development (Ages & Stages Questionnaires-3) and emotional competences (Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire).MethodsWe evaluated a cohort of healthy pregnant women aged 20–41 years and their offspring, assessed at 38 weeks gestation (n= 131) and 24 months after birth (n= 101). Potential age-related variables were considered (paternal age, education level, parity, social support, maternal cortisol levels, and maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms). Bayesian ordinal regression models were performed for each neurodevelopmental outcome.ResultsMaternal age was negatively associated with poor child development in terms of personal-social skills [odds ratio (OR) −0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.99] and with difficult temperament in terms of worse emotional regulation (OR −0.13, 95% CI 0.78–0.96) and lower positive affect (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.75–0.95). As for age-related variables, whereas maternal anxiety symptoms and cortisol levels were also correlated with poor child development and difficult temperament, maternal social support and parental educational level were associated with better psychomotor and emotional competences.ConclusionIncreasing maternal age may be associated with child temperament difficulties and psychomotor delay in terms of social interaction skills. Early detection of neurodevelopment difficulties in these babies would allow preventive psychosocial interventions to avoid future neuropsychiatric disorders.
Reduced mortality in patients with extended duration of methadone maintenance treatment: a five-year retrospective nationwide study
Authors: Huang Chieh-Liang , Tsai I-Ju , Lin Wen-Chi , Lin Cheng-Li , Ho Ing-Kang , Wang Ruey-Yun , Lee Cynthia Wei-Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe retention of patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an indication for the effectiveness of the therapy. We aimed to explore the relation between mortality and the cumulative MMT duration.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed using Taiwan Illicit Drug Issue Database (TIDID) and National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) during 2012–2016. We included 9149 and 11 112 MMT patients as the short and long groups according to the length of their cumulative MMT duration, 1–364 and ⩾365 days, respectively. The risk of mortality was calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent exposure to MMT, and the survival probability was plotted with the Kaplan-Meier curve.ResultsThe mortality rates were 2.51 and 1.51 per 100 person-years in the short and long cumulative MMT duration groups, respectively. After adjusting for on or off MMT, age, sex, marital status, education level, maximum methadone dose, and comorbidities (human immunodeficiency virus, depression, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease), the long group had a lower risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.75) than the short group. Increased risk was observed in patients with advanced age, being male, unmarried, infected by HIV, HCV, and HBV, and diagnosed with depression, ALD, and CVD. Causes of death were frequently related to drug and injury.ConclusionsLonger cumulative MMT duration is associated with lower all-cause and drug-related mortality rate.
Shared control methodology based on head positioning and vector fields for people with quadriplegia
Authors: Maciel Guilherme M. , Pinto Milena F. , da S. Júnior Ivo C. , Coelho Fabricio O. , Marcato Andre L. M. , Cruzeiro Marcelo M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMobile robotic systems are used in a wide range of applications. Especially in the assistive field, they can enhance the mobility of the elderly and disable people. Modern robotic technologies have been implemented in wheelchairs to give them intelligence. Thus, by equipping wheelchairs with intelligent algorithms, controllers, and sensors, it is possible to share the wheelchair control between the user and the autonomous system. The present research proposes a methodology for intelligent wheelchairs based on head movements and vector fields. In this work, the user indicates where to go, and the system performs obstacle avoidance and planning. The focus is developing an assistive technology for people with quadriplegia that presents partial movements, such as the shoulder and neck musculature. The developed system uses shared control of velocity. It employs a depth camera to recognize obstacles in the environment and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor to recognize the desired movement pattern measuring the user’s head inclination. The proposed methodology computes a repulsive vector field and works to increase maneuverability and safety. Thus, global localization and mapping are unnecessary. The results were evaluated by simulated models and practical tests using a Pioneer-P3DX differential robot to show the system’s applicability.
SALT-MAKING IN MESOAMERICA: PRODUCTION SITES AND TOOL ASSEMBLAGES
Authors: Williams Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommon salt, or sodium chloride, has always been a strategic resource of primary importance throughout the world. In pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, salt was used primarily for human consumption, as the native diet had little chloride or sodium, two chemical components that are indispensable for human health and nutrition. Here I discuss the traditional salt industries of Michoacán, Colima, Guerrero, the Basin of Mexico and Puebla, paying special attention to the production sites and the tool assemblages linked to salt production in these areas of Mesoamerica. This article sheds light on salt's role in the culture and history of the ancient Mesoamerican ecumene through the lens of ethnoarchaeology and ethnohistory.
Competence and Adherence Scale for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CAS-CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth: reliability and factor structure
Authors: Harstad Stine , Bjaastad Jon Fauskanger , Hjemdal Odin , Compton Scott , Waaktaar Trine , Aalberg Marianne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
There has been increased research interest into the concept of treatment integrity within psychotherapy research. The Competence and Adherence Scale for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CAS-CBT) was developed to measure therapists’ competence and adherence in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), when delivered to children and youth with anxiety disorders.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAS-CBT in a naturalistic treatment setting.

Method:
Ratings of 212 randomly selected sessions from a clinical effectiveness trial for children with anxiety disorders (n = 165, mean age = 10.46 years, SD = 1.49) were analysed to assess the psychometric properties of CAS-CBT. Therapy format included both individual sessions and group sessions.

Results:
Internal consistency for the CAS-CBT was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = .88). Factor analysis suggested a two-factor solution for the total sample, where the first factor was related to CBT structure and session goals, and the second factor was associated with process and relational skills. The individual CBT treatment condition (ICBT) and group CBT treatment condition (GCBT) showed the same factor solution.

Conclusion:
The CAS-CBT is a feasible and reliable measure for assessing competence and adherence to CBT in the treatment of anxious children. Future research is needed to further assess the generalizability of this scale, its psychometric properties in different treatment populations and with other treatment approaches, and ideally with larger sample sizes.
Deconstruction, dissipation and death, and the ‘casting-away of the law’?
Authors: Baxi Upendra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this brief tribute, I pursue the long-promised imaginary conversation with Peter Fitzpatrick and engage two themes: the nature of an abyss and the conversion of Karl Marx from a revolutionary thinker to a best exemplar of evolutionary thought. If these themes make some sense, a good way of being with Peter is a further exploration amidst us all.
How to do things with Foucault (legally)
Authors: Golder Ben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I discuss the legal theorist, Peter Fitzpatrick's, reading of philosopher Michel Foucault. My intent is to show how and why Foucault was important to Fitzpatrick and what this reveals about the latter's practices of reading. I characterise this particular reading in three ways. First, against the disciplinary tendency to assume that Foucault is more useful to lawyers for how he approaches law (as method), Fitzpatrick takes seriously what Foucault has to say about law as a conceptual matter. Fitzpatrick hence reads Foucault as a legal thinker. Second, Fitzpatrick does not restrict himself to the conventional archive of Foucauldian texts that legal scholars routinely consult, but reads more widely and creatively in his search for law. Third, Fitzpatrick reads Foucault open-endedly and generously rather than instrumentally or dismissively – textual ambivalence and contradiction are always, in his hands, sources of creative possibility and insight. This leads into some concluding reflections about Fitzpatrick's practice of critically rereading thinkers – all thinkers, not simply Foucault.
Enhance Low Level Temperature and Moisture Profiles Through Combining NUCAPS, ABI Observations, and RTMA Analysis
Authors: Ma Zheng , Li Zhenglong , Li Jun , Schmit Timothy J. , Cucurull Lidia , Atlas Robert , Sun Bomin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThermodynamic information from low levels in the atmosphere is crucial for operational weather forecasts and meteorological researchers. The NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) sounding products have been proven beneficial to fill the data gap between synoptic radiosonde observations (RAOBs). However, compared with the upper troposphere, the accuracy of NUCAPS soundings in the low levels still needs improvement. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) is applied to fuse multiple data sources to enhance the NUCAPS temperature and moisture profiles in the lower atmosphere. The network is developed by combining satellite observations, including NUCAPS sounding retrievals and high resolution geostationary satellite observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager, and surface analysis from the Real‐Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) as inputs, while collocated soundings from ECMWF re‐analysis version 5 are used as the benchmark for the training. The performance of the model is evaluated by using the independent testing data set, data from a different year, as well as collocated RAOBs, showing improvement to the temperature and moisture profiles by reducing the root‐mean‐squared‐error (RMSE) by more than 30% in the lower atmosphere (from 700 hPa to surface) in both clear sky and partially cloudy conditions. A convective event from June 18, 2017 is presented to illustrate the application of the enhanced low level soundings on high impact weather events. The enhanced soundings from fused data capture the large surface‐based convective available potential energy structures in the preconvection environment, which is very useful for severe storm nowcasting and forecasting applications.
States of In Situ Stress in the Duvernay East Shale Basin and Willesden Green of Alberta, Canada: Variable In Situ Stress States Effect Fault Stability
Authors: Shen Luyi W. , Schmitt Douglas R. , Wang Ruijia , Hauck Tyler E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFault slip is controlled by the normal and shear tractions on a fault plane. A full understanding of the factors influencing induced seismicity requires quantitative knowledge of the in situ stress tensor and fluid pressure. We analyze these variables for a 200 × 200 km region with active hydraulic fracturing near the city of Red Deer, Canada. The levels of induced seismicity in the area were generally low before March 4, 2019, when local residents felt the MW 3.8/ML 4.2 event. We use geophysical logs and pressure tests within the targeted Duvernay Formation to construct maps of ambient pore pressure, vertical and minimum horizontal stresses. The maximum horizontal stress is constrained by the focal mechanism inversion and borehole‐based estimation method. We find that a broad range of orientations are susceptible to slip and small perturbations of fluid pressure would promote displacement. This suggests that the differential variations in pore fluid pressure in the target formation may provide a metric of slip susceptibility; a map for the study area is developed. Areas of high susceptibility correlate with those experiencing higher levels of induced seismicity, except for the Willesden Green oil field that has similarly elevated susceptibility and active hydraulic fracturing operations. The methods and results demonstrate how more quantitatively constrained in situ stresses developed from an ensemble of real field measurements can assist in assessing fault stability and in developing metrics for slip susceptibility.