bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of new cars – no longer an issue for EU competition law?
Authors: Šmejkal Václav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Distribution cartels in the automotive sector used to be frequently dismantled and sanctioned by the European Commission and the EU Courts still some 15 years ago. In recent years, however, only a few cases have been reported at the national level of EU Member States. Is it because the distribution of new cars really ceased to be a competition problem as the European Commission declared when it removed this part of the automotive business from the specific Block Exemption Regulation for the automotive sector in 2010? The purpose of the present analysis is first to inspect the car distribution cases that emerged in the EU after the year 2000 and, second, to speculate somewhat whether new forms of distribution, brought by the digitalization of marketing and sales, cannot bring about also new risks to cartel agreements and other types of distortions of competition in car sales.
What are the factors of tax evasion? New findings in the EVS Study
Authors: Ryšavá Tereza , Zídková Hana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is analyzing tax morale in three selected European countries through the evaluation of the results of the European Values Study. The main aim is to identify the factors that influence taxpayers’ decisions on the issue of whether they justify cheating on tax or not. The dependence and effect of selected factors were determined by analyzing data from the latest European Values Study (2019). The analysis revealed that not only demographic factors (gender, age), but also other socio-economic and institutional factors (religion, willingness to defend the home country, being a proud citizen, trust in government and respect for authorities) have a significant impact on taxpayers’ justification of cheating on taxes. This research is specifically focused on the Czech Republic, Poland and Spain.
Reality and expectations of old-age pension savings in the pension system of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Sika Peter , Vidová Jarmila 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the authors is to provide a critical statistical-analytical view of the current pension system of the Slovak Republic with special regard to old -age pension savings in its fifteen-year existence, resulting in proposals for adjustments to its operation. It includes an analysis of the sustainability of pension systems, an analysis of the age distribution of savers as well as possible investment strategies of savers and the distribution of their property savings in pension funds. We model the investment strategy of a participant in old-age pension savings. We draw attention to the evaluation of old -age pension savings in pension funds during its existence and quantify the potential loss caused by an inappropriate investment strategy of savers. The an alysis showed that the Slovak participant in old-age pension savings invests mainly in conservative pension assets, which bring low volatility in the short term, which may not be optimal in the long run. In order to achieve change, we also outline the possibilities of changing the attitudes of savers to value their savings and propose reform steps that would contribute to ensuring a balance between the financial and social sustainability of the pension system.
CONTESTING BOUNDARIES AND PRODUCING THE NORM: GENDER-RELATED ISSUES IN ISLAMIC THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Sibgatullina Gulnaz , Kemper Michael 
Published: December 2021

Particularly in the last decades, due to the rapid development of theoretical perspectives across disciplines, the notion of gender has evolved into an umbrella term that today refers to a broad array of themes: from gender-defined social behaviour to sexual and reproductive rights and to matters related to control over one’s body. Following major trends in the humanities and social sciences, also the field of Islamic studies has been contributing to the ongoing scholarly discussion on gender. Two recent volumes that focus specifically on gender issues in Muslim societies (Duderija et al., 2020; Howe, 2020) have marked the expansion of the field, away from dealing primarily with topics related to Muslim women and femininity to a cautious but firm engagement with a broader spectrum of gender-related themes.
‘IN ANY CASE WE ARE SUFIS’: THE CREATION OF HIJRA SPIRITUAL IDENTITY IN SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Kuehn Sara 
Published: December 2021

Providing spiritual ‘safe spaces’, the Sufi shrine-world throughout the Indian Subcontinent is generally open to those who do not identify with conventional gender categories. Ajmer Sharif Shrine (dargāh) in the northern Indian town of Ajmer in Rajasthan is renowned for being particularly ‘inclusive’. It accepts all pilgrims without discrimination, including the so-called ‘third gender’, often referred to as hijras or kinnars, terms that transgress the socially-defined binary gender divide. Marginalized, and often socially stigmatized, these groups are naturally drawn towards liminal spaces such as Sufi dargāhs which encourage the transcendence of socio-religious boundaries. This paper explores certain typological aspects of traditional Sufi ritual and belief that make it particularly receptive to hijras, and the way in which hijras in turn appropriate and reconfigure Sufi religious belief to negotiate the tension between the liminality of their lived experience and the exclusive duality of the society around them. As well as utilizing fieldwork undertaken at the 808th
„Awizów przy naszym dworze bardzo jest mało”. Ks. Tomasz Perkowicz SJ (1652-1720) jako korespondent Anny Franciszki Zamoyskiej, podskarbiny koronnej. Studium z dziejów obiegu informacji w czasach saskich
Authors: Popiołek Bożena 
Published: December 2021

The mass character of various manuscripts at the beginning of the 18th century made them an important communication medium and contributed to the rapid circulation of information. The care for obtaining reliable knowledge in the shortest possible time prompted the recipient of news to look for a medium that would deliver the news directly from the scene of the events or be processed little enough to give the impression of being real. One of the most important information media in the Saxon times was handwritten news, which played a significant role not only in disseminating knowledge about the world but also in creating a certain image of reality. However, attention should be paid to the specific type of communication in the handwritten media of this period, which allowed for many false, misleading, or deliberately prepared news in such a way as to create an appearance of reliability. This useless and even harmful knowledge, the purpose of which was to disinform its recipients, was an excellent political weapon in various strives and plots. The unstable political situation in the Polish Republic at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries favoured the dissemination of prepared news. The aim of these efforts was to perpetuate erroneous beliefs about the conduct of the main actors of certain events.
An in silico approach towards exploration of the oxidative stress resistance of major withanolides of Withania somnifera in relation to COVID-19 management
Authors: Vinodkumar Sangeetha , Santhanu Krishnapriya , Natarajan Kanimozhi , Senthil Kalaiselvi 
Published: December 2021

Oxidative stress is the state of imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) in the biological system and the ability of the body to detoxify them resulting in increased accumulation of free radicals in the cells. This stress leads to weakening of the immune system thus leading to higher susceptibility to other infections as well. This also includes the weakening of the respiratory tract leading to increased susceptibility of viral infections as in the case of COVID-19. Treatment for any kind of abnormality requires the identification of the key target proteins and pathways that are being altered. Withania somnifera is being used in the traditional medicinal system to improve health and longevity thus creating a sense of mental as well as physical well being. The present study utilises network pharmacological approach to predict the potential oxidative stress targets of the three major withanolides: withanolide A, withaferin A and withanone. Primarily, the targets of the individual withanolides were obtained from the Swiss target and DIGEP-pred databases and the GO terms and lead hits related to oxidative stress were retrieved from AMIGO2 database. Totally 40 correlative hits were obtained as anti stress targets of the withanolides, which were subjected to functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis to study the enriched pathways underlying oxidative stress response. Further the eleven crucial targets of the four selected pathways were analysed using molecular docking analysis. A total of forty protein hits were obtained as oxidative stress targets of the withanolides. Further, the pathway enrichment of these forty target genes showed the AGE RAGE signalling pathway as highly enriched pathway. Therefore, the AGE RAGE signalling pathway along with its underlying pathways namely MAPK signalling pathway, FOXO pathway and PI3-AKT pathway were chosen among all the other enriched pathways. Further the molecular docking analysis of the eleven target proteins falling under these four pathways showed good docking scores of the withanolides with all the eleven targets with the highest interaction against BCL2. From the above study, the biological targets and associated pathways of the withanolides have been retrieved. Thus the in silico approach undertaken in this study explores the role of the key withanolides in the antioxidant potential of the traditional medicinal plant Withania somnifera.
Im "Labyrinth der Legitimitäten" und Ethosanalyse. Carl Schmitt und Herfried Münkler über die neuen Kriege und Krieger
Authors: Mehring Reinhard 
Published: December 2021

In the "Labyrinth of Legitimacy" and Ethos Analysis. Carl Schmitt and Herfried Münkler on the New Wars and New Warriors
The article analyzes Münkler's continuation of Carl Schmitt's late work on international law in the book Kriegssplitter and emphasizes its divergent ethical approach.
Kriege und fatale Illusionen der Besiegbarkeit als Bedrohung. Metatheoretische Beobachtungen und Desiderate gegenwärtiger Philosophie kriegerischer Gewalt
Authors: Liebsch Burkhard 
Published: December 2021

Wars and Fatal Illusions of Defeatability as a Threat. Metatheoretical Observations and Desiderata of a Contemporary Philosophy of Martial Violence
This essay deals with the question how war threatens us even when peace seems to reign. Refering to Heraklit, Kant, and recent theories of war, the author takes answers to this question into account especially with respect to the problem if it is possible to keep in check illusions which make us believe that one can get rid of enmity by way of 'final solutions'.
Coronavirus disease 2019 associated stroke in a toddler – A case report
Authors: Sawhney Nikhita , Mendiratta Lalit , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Stroke, an infrequent entity in children, usually presents with headache, reduced cognition, and seizures as frequent findings. The association of paediatric stroke with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown with only a hand full of postulated hypotheses till date.

Clinical Description:
A 2-year-old child with sudden onset focal neurological deficits and high COVID antibody titters has been reported soon after a brief episode of cough and cold. Magnetic resonance imaging brain suggested infarct in posterior cerebral circulation. All other inflammatory markers and prothrombotic work-up were normal pointing toward a territorial affliction.

Management:
Child responded well to anticoagulants (low molecular weight heparin and aspirin) with complete neurological recovery.

Conclusion:
Possibility of COVID-19 associated regional endotheliitis is very high in the aforesaid toddler. Our case is the youngest reported case of paediatric stroke with a possible association with COVID-19.
Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula accessed through a straightened superficial temporal vein
Authors: Shibata Teishiki , Nishikawa Yusuke , Kitamura Takumi , Mase Mitsuhito 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Transvenous embolization through the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) is the most common treatment procedure for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). When the IPS is inaccessible or the CSDAVF cannot be treated with transvenous embolization through the IPS, the superficial temporal vein (STV) is used as an alternative access route. However, the approach through the STV is often challenging because of its tortuous and abruptly angulated course. We report a case of recurrent CSDAVF which was successfully treated using a chronic total occlusion (CTO)-dedicated guidewire and by straightening the STV.

Case Description:
A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with CSDAVF on examination for oculomotor and abducens nerve palsy. She was initially treated with transvenous embolization through the IPS. However, CSDAVF recurred, and transvenous embolization was performed through the STV. A microcatheter could not be navigated because of the highly meandering access route through the STV. By inserting a CTO-dedicated guidewire into the microcatheter, the STV was straightened and the microcatheter could be navigated into a shunted pouch of the CS. Finally, complete occlusion of the CSDAVF was achieved.

Conclusion:
If an access route is highly meandering, the approach can be facilitated by straightening the access route with a CTO-dedicated guidewire.
Imaging evolution from “presyrinx” to syrinx in patient with spinal lipoma
Authors: Shimizu Kiyoharu , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Takeda Masaaki , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The evolution of syrinx formation has rarely been documented. Here, we report a patient whose “presyrinx” evolved on successive magnetic resonance (MR) images to a mature syrinx.

Case Description:
A patient had a lipoma and tethered cord at birth. At 3 weeks of age, he had undergone a partial removal of the lipoma and untethering of the spinal cord. At age 6, the thoracic MR images showed edema within the gray matter of the cord at the T7 level, consistent with a “presyrinx.” In addition, subsequent MR studies (i.e., at age 7) showed a small cavity in the right posterior horn of the cord accompanied by further expansion throughout the right-sided gray matter. Despite repeated cord untethering at age 7, the T7 parenchymal cord change evolved into a mature syrinx by age 10.

Conclusion:
An infant with a lipoma/tethered cord, despite two instances of cord detethering (i.e., ages 3 weeks and 7 years), showed continued MR evolution of a “presyrinx” to a mature syrinx by age 10.
Geçirimli Betonun İnfiltrasyon Performansının Ölçülmesi: Peynircioğlu Deresi Parkı, Mavişehir, İzmir
Authors: OZEREN ALKAN Merve , KAÇMAZ Gülşah , HEPCAN Serif , COSKUN HEPCAN Çiğdem 
Published: December 2021

Geçirimli beton uygulaması kentlerde sürdürülebilir yağış suyu tesislerinden birisidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, İzmir ili Mavişehir ilçesinde yer alan Peynircioğlu deresi kıyısındaki bisiklet ve yaya yolunda zemin kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılan geçirimli beton uygulamasının geçirimlilik performansının basit ve güvenilir bir infiltrasyon testi ile ölçülmesidir.
Bu araştırmada geçirimli beton yüzeylerin infiltrasyon hızının ölçülmesinde Amerikan Test ve Malzeme Kurumu (American Society for Testing and Materials-ASTM International)’nun C1701/C1701M–09 koduyla yayınladığı Yerinde Geçirgen Beton İnfiltrasyon Hızı için Standart Test Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Test altı farklı noktada uygulanmıştır.
Sahada yapılan testlere göre araştırma alanındaki geçirimli beton yüzeylerin infiltrasyon hızları 524-3194 mm/sa arasında değişmektedir. En hızlı infiltrasyon 3 numaralı test noktasında, en yavaş infiltrasyon ise 5 numaralı test noktasında gerçekleşmiştir.
Sonuç olarak; 2 ve 3 numaralı test noktalarında ölçülen değerler Amerikan Beton Enstitüsü’nün belirttiği alt sınıra oldukça yakın olmakla beraber, ölçülen hiçbir değer enstitüye göre kabul edilebilir değerler aralığı içinde değildir.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Awareness and Practices Related to Prevention of COVID-19 Amongst Local Vendors around Medical and Dental Establishments
Authors: Neil Sharma  , Aakriti Bhatnagar  , S. Vasudev  , Anamika Kohli  
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Even as the world is returning to normalcy after COVID-19, there is still a need to be cautious and adopt proper hygiene practices and social distance norms. AIM: To assess the awareness and practices related to prevention of Covid-19 amongst local vendors around medical and dental establishments in Northern India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month using a pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire. Vendors near ten medical and dental establishments in north India were contacted by standardized volunteers to prevent bias. They were located within the range of 250 meters on both sides of these facilities through convenience sampling. Data was coded, entered in MS excel, descriptive statistics were applied. Statistical tests included the student’s independent t-test and multiple logistic regression. P value was kept significant at <0.5 and software used was SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS: Most vendors were males (76.7%), were operating shops on rent (47.7%) and had passed middle school (40.2%). A Majority of them were aware of common symptoms (99.4%), while 90.1% were aware about the mode of transmission. All vendors knew about the availability of the vaccine (100%). and 78.2% of the vendors were fully vaccinated, while 04 (1.3%) were not vaccinated yet. However, only 60% (p=0.03) of the vendors practised hand washing, distancing from sick, no handshake, use a cloth while coughing/sneezing as preventive measures. CONCLUSION: There is still a need for continuous education of the food vendors regarding proper and hygienic practices as well as mask wearing to fight off this dreaded pandemic and return to normalcy as soon as possible.
Evaluation of H2O2 radical scavenging activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of the formulated beverage made from T. erecta L.
Authors: Diptarco Singha  , Priyanka Ray  , Abhijit Sengupta  
Published: December 2021

Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold, also called Aztec marigold, is a species of the genus Tagetes native to Mexico. Despite its being native to the Americas, it is often called African marigold. It is well known for its antimicrobial, antiseptic, wound and ulcer healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, and it has a long history of being used as an herbal remedy. T. erecta produces a variety of substances that possess pharmacological effects and antioxidant activity. The present study aims to analyze the antioxidant property of a beverage made of dried T. erecta L. flowers petals, cultivated in West Bengal, India. Radical scavenging potential was determined using H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) scavenging assay, which showed that with increase in concentration of the sample, the % of inhibition also increased. The total flavonoid content of the residue left after filtering the beverage, made from dried and processed Tagetes flower was found to be 530.32 mg/g dry weight, using a standard curve of quercetin. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of the same was estimated, taking a standard curve of Gallic acid, and was calculated to be 78.31mg GAE/ g of dry sample. This study suggests that the flowers of Tagetes erecta L. are the possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, black tea leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo studies.
Use of wood-plastic composites in 4D printing technology
Authors: Krapež Tomec Daša , Test Test , Straže Aleš , Kokot Matevž , Kitek Kuzman Manja , Kariž Mirko 
Published: December 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) printing with wood-plastic composites is already well known, and the use of wood in four-dimensional (4D) printing is being increasingly explored. 4D printing is an evolving area of additive technologies where, with the appropriate design of 3D printing and use of appropriate materials, we can create products that change shape and form dynamic structures when triggered externally. In 4D printing, the hygroscopicity of wood – usually considered a disadvantage – can be used as a positive property to design products that change their shape according to climatic conditions, especially humidity.
In this research, we used the FDM (fused deposition modelling) technology of 3D printing PLA (polylactic acid) and wood-plastic composites (wood-PLA) to produce specimens with different material proportions, whose response to changing climatic conditions we monitored. To monitor the change in shape, or curvature, we fabricated composite test specimens using the bimetal principle (actuators), in which we used PLA for the passive layer and wood-PLA for the active layer in different thickness ratios and exposed them to laboratory and external conditions.
The results showed that the wood content of the wood-plastic composites leads to dimensional changes in a changing climate, resulting in changes in the shape of the designed actuators. The change in shape depends on the thickness ratio of the layers in the two-layer actuator, the sorption of water vapor, and the wood content in the wood-plastic composite used.
Pengasuhan Orangtua dan Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa SMA dengan Kecerdasan Emosional sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Kartika Vivit , Sugiarti Rini 
Published: December 2021

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menguji secara empiris pengaruh pengasuhan orang tua terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA. 2) menguji secara empiris pengaruh kepercayaan diri terhadap kemandirian belajar. 3) menguji secara empiris pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemandirian belajar. 4) menguji secara empiris pengaruh pengasuhan orang tua terhadap kemandirian belajar melalui kecerdasan emosional. 5) menguji secara empiris pengaruh kepercayaan diri terhadap kemandirian belajar melalui kecerdasan emosional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 105 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik studi populasi.</p><p> Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan empat skala yaitu skala kemandirian belajar, skala kecerdasan emosional, skala pengasuhan orang tua, dan skala kepercayaan diri. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) pengasuhan orang tua berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA dengan p = 0.022 dimana p&lt;0,05. 2) kepercayaan diri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA dengan p =0.035 dimana p&lt; 0.05. 3)kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA dengan p=0.001 dimana p&lt; 0.05. 4) pengasuhan orang tua berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA melalui kecerdasan emosional dengan p=0.037 dimana p&lt; 0,05. 5) kepercayaan diri berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar pada siswa SMA melalui kecerdasan emosional dengan p=0.031 dimana p&lt; 0,05.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : kemandirian belajar, kecerdasan emosional, pengasuhan orang tua, dan kepercayaan diri</p>