bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geologically constrained evolutionary geomechanical modelling of diapir and basin evolution: A case study from the Tarfaya basin, West African coast
Authors: Hooghvorst Jean Joseph , Nikolinakou Maria A. , Harrold Toby W. D. , Fernandez Oscar , Flemings Peter B. , Marcuello Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe systematically incorporate burial history, sea floor geometry and tectonic loads from a sequential kinematic restoration model into a 2D evolutionary geomechanical model that simulates the formation of the Sandia salt diapir, Tarfaya basin, NW African Coast. We use a poro‐elastoplastic description for the sediment behaviour and a viscoplastic description for the salt. Sedimentation is coupled with salt flow and regional shortening to determine the sediment porosity and strength and to capture the interaction between salt and sediments. We find that temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rate is a key control on the kinematic evolution of the salt system. Incorporation of sedimentation rates from the kinematic restoration at a location east of Sandia leads to a final geomechanical model geometry very similar to that observed in seismic reflection data. We also find that changes in the variation of shortening rates can significantly affect the present‐day stress state above salt. Overall, incorporating kinematic restoration data into evolutionary models provides insights into the key parameters that control the evolution of geologic systems. Furthermore, it enables more realistic evolutionary geomechanical models, which, in turn, provide insights into sediment stress and porosity.
Provenance of Neogene sandstones in western Taiwan traced with garnet geochemistry and zircon geochronology
Authors: Garzanti Eduardo , Barbarano Marta , Andò Sergio , Lenzi Maura , Deng Kai , Yang Shouye 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we use provenance analysis to shed light on the Neogene evolution of river drainage and sediment dispersal in eastern Asia as a consequence of the Himalayan orogeny and topographic rise of the Tibetan Plateau. As an attempt to envisage how sediment‐routing systems operated in the past, and to identify the ultimate source of siliciclastic detritus originally generated in mainland China and now incorporated in, and recycled from, the western Taiwan accretionary prism, we have used Raman spectroscopy of detrital garnet in modern river sands and upper Neogene sandstones, complemented by detrital‐zircon geochronology and by petrographic and heavy‐mineral analysis. Garnet grains are relatively abundant and largely represented by almandine with various percentages of pyrope molecules in Yangtze sand as in western Taiwan sandstones and modern river sand derived from them. Instead, they are rare and largely represented by grossular or andradite in the sand of the Pearl River and of coastal rivers of SE China facing the Taiwan Strait. This finding supports the result of detrital geochronology, which documents a sharp difference between U‐Pb age spectra of Pearl River and coastal SE China zircons (characterised by a Paleozoic‐Mesozoic triple peak) and Yangtze and western Taiwan zircons (characterised by prominent Neoproterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, and latest Archean clusters). The Pearl River and minor rivers facing the Taiwan Strait are thus ruled out as ultimate sources of upper Neogene sandstones exposed today along the western front of the Taiwan fold‐thrust belt. In the envisaged scenario, sand mostly supplied by the paleo‐Yangtze River was entrained for ~ca.1,000 km southward by longshore currents and deposited on the Chinese passive margin before being accreted along the front of the Taiwan orogen since ~6 Ma. Littoral sand drift represents a major factor of long‐distance sediment transport in modern shelves and needs to be taken into full account in source‐to‐sink studies and paleogeographic reconstructions.
Climate and soil mediate the effects of liana density on forest dynamics
Authors: Maia Vinícius Andrade , Santos Alisson Borges Miranda , de Aguiar‐Campos Natália , Souza Cléber Rodrigo de , Morel Jean Daniel , Oliveira Matheus Coutinho Freitas de , Alencar Fagundes Nathalle Cristine , Gianasi Fernanda Moreira , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite , Santos Rubens Manoel dos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForest community dynamics is a topic of great interest in times when the global carbon budget is a widespread concern due to climate change. Among its effects, longer periods of drought and liana proliferation, coupled with land use change, may endanger tropical forest carbon sinks. Here, in a 10.3 ha sampling of six Atlantic semideciduous forests, we investigated the effects of liana crown occupancy and large‐stemmed lianas, as well as their interactions with climate and soil, on forest dynamics. We expected that harsh environmental conditions would enhance the negative effects of lianas on forest productivity. Our hypothesis was corroborated by the findings that the positive effect of lianas on tree mortality increases under drier conditions, as well as their negative effect on tree recruitment. In addition, liana crown occupancy was the best predictor of net aboveground woody biomass productivity, which decreases as liana crown occupancy increases. Our study provides additional evidence of indirect climate change impacts on the tropical forest carbon sink by increasing the negative effects of liana crown occupancy on tree biomass productivity.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease status in a real‐world population of difficult to manage asthma using historic electronic healthcare records of blood eosinophil counts
Authors: Azim Adnan , Newell Colin , Barber Clair , Harvey Matthew , Knight Deborah , Freeman Anna , Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Dennison Paddy , Haitchi Hans Michael , Djukanovic Ratko , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh , Howarth Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood eosinophil measurement is essential for the phenotypic characterization of patients with difficult asthma and in determining eligibility for anti‐IL‐5/IL‐5Rα biological therapies. However, assessing such measures over limited time spans may not reveal the true underlying eosinophilic phenotype, as treatment, including daily oral corticosteroid therapy, suppresses eosinophilic inflammation and asthma is intrinsically variable.MethodsWe interrogated the electronic healthcare records of patients in the Wessex AsThma CoHort of difficult asthma (WATCH) study (UK). In 501 patients being evaluated in this tertiary care centre for difficult to control asthma, all requested full blood count test results in a 10‐year retrospective period from the index WATCH assessment were investigated (n = 11,176).ResultsIn 235 biological therapy‐naïve participants who had 10 or more measures in this time period, 40.3% were eosinophilic (blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/µl) at WATCH enrolment whilst an additional 43.1%, though not eosinophilic at enrolment, demonstrated eosinophilia at least once in the preceding decade. Persistent eosinophilia was associated with worse post‐bronchodilator airway obstruction and higher Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO). In contrast, the 16.6% of patients who never demonstrated eosinophilia at this blood eosinophil threshold showed preserved lung function and lower markers of Type 2 inflammation.ConclusionsThis highlights the central role that type 2 inflammation, as indicated by blood eosinophilia, has in difficult asthma and suggests that longitudinal electronic healthcare record analysis can be an important tool in clinical asthma phenotyping, providing insight that may help understand disease progression and better guide more specific treatment approaches.
Innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans: relevance to acquired immunity and vaccine responses
Authors: Jordan S C 
Published: February 2021

Summary
The factors responsible for the spectrum of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) disease severity and the genesis and nature of protective immunity against COVID-19 remain elusive. Multiple studies have investigated the immune responses to COVID-19 in various populations, including those without evidence of COVID-19 infection. Information regarding innate and adaptive immune responses to the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved rapidly. Data are accumulating defining disease phenotypes that aid in rational and informed development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the development of novel vaccines. In this paper, data on important innate immune responses are summarized, including cytokines, specifically interleukin (IL)-6 and complement, and potential treatments are explored. Adaptive immune responses and derivative therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies directed at spike proteins are also examined. Finally, data on real-time assessments of adaptive immune responses are explored, which include CD4+/CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, memory B cells and T follicular cells with specificities for COVID-19 peptides in infected and normal individuals. Data of two novel vaccines have been released, both showing &gt; 95% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of humoral and cellular responses to the vaccines will determine the robustness and durability of protection. In addition, long-term assessment of SARS-CoV-2 memory B and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients recovering from an infection or those with cross-reactive immunological memory will help to define risk for future SARS-CoV infections. Finally, patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience prolonged immune activation probably due to T cell exhaustion. This will be an important new frontier for study.
Standardization of thyroid ultrasound reporting in the community setting decreases biopsy rates
Authors: Ghazizadeh Shabnam , Kelly Tracy L. , Khajanchee Yashodhan S. , Fleser Jessica , Rozenfeld Yelena , Neuman Michael , Hammill Chet W. , Orr Lauren , Aliabadi‐Wahle Shaghayegh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith the rising incidence of thyroid cancer, a standardized approach to the evaluation of thyroid nodules is essential. Despite the presence of multiple national guidelines detailing evaluation and management of these nodules, significant variability exists in the information that is collected and reported to clinicians from diagnostic imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of thyroid ultrasound standardization on thyroid cancer detection in a community practice setting.DesignAs part of a physician‐driven quality improvement project, a multidisciplinary team created an electronic worksheet to be utilized by sonographers to capture suspicious findings based on societal guidelines and agreed on institutional criteria for recommending fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules.PatientsFor a one‐year period prior to and after the intervention, all ultrasounds performed for suspected thyroid pathology, excluding patients undergoing follow‐up imaging, were reviewed at two affiliated community hospitals served by a single radiology and pathology group.MeasurementsThe number of fine needle biopsies recommended and performed, as well as the percentage of FNAs positive for malignancy were evaluated.ResultsA total of 608 and 675 ultrasounds were reviewed in pre‐ and post‐standardization periods, respectively. Following standardization, there was a similar percentage of FNAs recommended (35% vs. 37%, p = .68), fewer FNAs per total ultrasounds performed (36% vs. 31%, p = .03), fewer FNAs performed when FNA was not explicitly recommended (9.9% vs. 2.8%, p = .000046) and an increased detection of cytology consistent with, or suspicious for, malignancy (5% vs. 11.5%, p = .0028).ConclusionsStandardization of thyroid imaging protocol and management recommendations can reduce the number of FNAs performed and increase the percentage of positive tests in a community setting.
Development and reliability of the revised Patterson Edema Scale
Authors: Starmer Heather M. , Drinnan Michael , Bhabra Mandeep , Watson Laura‐Jayne , Patterson Joanne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Patterson Edema scale was developed in 2007 to address the lack of a reliable, sensitive scale to measure laryngeal and pharyngeal oedema in patients with head and neck cancer. The objective of this study was to revise the existing Patterson scale to improve its reliability and utility.DesignProspective investigation.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsSpeech‐Language Pathologists, Otolaryngologists, and Radiation Oncologists.Main outcome measuresRatings using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale.MethodsA consensus group reviewed existing literature regarding the performance of the original Patterson scale and revised the existing scale in regard to items to be included and descriptors for each severity level. The scale was then utilised by 18 speech language pathologists from the US and UK with >2 years‐experience working with dysphagia and dysphonia with endoscopy. Each SLP rated a total of eight parameters (epiglottis, vallecula, pharyngoepiglottic folds, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids, false vocal folds, true vocal folds and pyriform sinuses) using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale. Feedback was solicited from raters regarding areas where clarity was lacking for further scale revision. Scale revisions were completed and additional ratings were completed by otolaryngologists, radiation oncologists and less experienced SLP providers to establish reliability across disciplines. Quadratic weighted Kappa values were obtained to establish interrater reliability.ResultsFeedback received from raters included suggestions for clarification of how to rate unilateral oedema, use of a standard task battery to visualise and rate structures consistently, and clarification of true vocal fold oedema rating parameters. Overall interrater reliability was established using quadratic weighted Kappa with good agreement noted for the epiglottis, vallecula, arytenoids and false vocal folds; moderate agreement noted for aryepiglottic folds, pharyngoepiglottic folds and pyriform sinuses; and fair agreement noted for true vocal folds.ConclusionsThe Revised Patterson Edema Scale demonstrates moderate‐substantial interrater reliability for most parameters across multiple disciplines and experience levels, with the exception of the true vocal folds where agreement was fair. We believe the Revised Patterson Oedema Scale provides a reliable tool for clinicians and researchers to rate oedema in the supraglottic larynx and pharynx following treatment for head and neck cancer.
Risk factors for readmission with dehydration after ileostomy formation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Chen , Bhat Sameer , Sharma Puja , Yuan Lance , O’Grady Gregory , Bissett Ian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIleostomy formation is a commonly performed procedure with substantial associated morbidity. Patients with an ileostomy experience high rates of unplanned hospital readmission with dehydration, and such events have a long‐term health and economic impact. Reports of the significant risk factors associated with these readmissions have been inconsistent. This study aimed to identify the significant risk factors for readmission with dehydration following ileostomy formation.MethodA systematic search was conducted using the Medline, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL databases. All original research articles reporting risk factors for readmission with dehydration following ileostomy formation in adults were included. The primary outcome was the pooled risk ratio of clinically relevant variables potentially associated with dehydration‐related readmission following ileostomy formation. The secondary outcome was the incidence of dehydration‐related readmission.ResultsTen studies (27 089 patients) were included. The incidences of 30‐ and 60‐day readmission with dehydration were 5.0% (range 2.1%–13.2%) and 10.3% (range 7.3%–14.1%), respectively. Eight variables were found to be significantly associated with dehydration‐related readmission: age ≥65 years, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal comorbidity, regular diuretic use, ileal pouch–anal anastomosis procedure and length of stay after index admission. A preoperative diagnosis of colorectal cancer was less likely to result in readmission with dehydration.ConclusionReadmission with dehydration following ileostomy formation is a significant issue with several risk factors. Awareness of these risk factors will help inform the design of future studies addressing risk prediction, allow risk stratification of ileostomates and aid in the development of personalized prevention strategies.
Transcutaneous PCO2‐based dead space ventilation at submaximal exercise accurately discriminates healthy controls from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leprat Thibault , Ivanes Fabrice , Bernard Anne , Marchand‐Adam Sylvain , Plantier Laurent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased physiological dead space ventilation (VD/VT) at exercise reflects pulmonary gas exchange impairment and is a sensitive marker of cardio‐respiratory disease.VD/VT is typically not measured during routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) because its calculation requires arterial blood gas analysis for determination of PaCO2. Instead, dead space ventilation is indirectly evaluated as a determinant of the ventilation (VE)/VCO2 relationship, which also depends on the PaCO2 set point. We hypothesized that VD/VT calculations based on non‐invasive transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) measurement had better diagnostic characteristics than the VE/VCO2 slope for the discrimination of healthy subjects from patients with COPD, a common disease associated with impaired pulmonary gas exchange.MethodsRetrospective study of 19 healthy controls and 24 COPD patients who underwent CPET with continuous PtcCO2 monitoring. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were calculated to assess diagnostic accuracy of CPET measurement for the discrimination of COPD and Controls.ResultsThe AUC for PtcCO2‐based VD/VT at VT1 (0.977) was significantly higher than for the VE/VCO2 slope (0.660), SpO2 at peak exercise (0.913), decrease in inspiratory capacity (0.719), and ventilatory reserve (0.708). At a threshold of 0.24, the sensitivity and specificity of PtcCO2‐based VD/VT for the discrimination of COPD patients and healthy Controls were 100% and 84%, respectively. All Control subjects had PtcCO2‐based VD/VT ≤ 0.25.ConclusionsPtcCO2‐based VD/VT was the most accurate measurement to discriminate healthy controls from subjects with COPD, a chronic lung disease associated with altered pulmonary gas exchange. Non‐invasive monitoring of PtcCO2 may be useful for routine CPET.
A case of lymphomatoid papulosis type E in a young adult: An uncommon entity
Authors: Rajashekara Swamy Meghana , Pollock Samara , J. Goldberg Lynne , Shen Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a rare variant of the primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized clinically by large necrotic eschar‐like lesions and histopathologically by angiodestructive and angioinvasive infiltrates of CD30+ lymphocytes. As in other forms of lymphomatoid papulosis, type E lesions may undergo spontaneous regression after weeks, with frequent recurrences. We report a 21‐year old male with an angiodestructive infiltrate of CD30+ lymphocytes manifesting as a papular eruption rather than ulceration, and suggest that this clinical phenotype might be related to the presence of CD4+ lymphocytes in the inflammatory cell infiltrate.
For the church community after COVID‐19
Authors: Cho Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is changing everyday life. COVID‐19 is also changing the look of the church. The church is a community of people who gather for worship, fellowship, and sharing. However, due to the coronavirus, the church is no longer able to gather and worship together. Moreover, because of the coronavirus, social distancing with as little as possible face‐to‐face contact has been recommended worldwide. If this situation is prolonged, the church community interactions will have difficulty in surviving. Therefore, this article seeks ways to maintain and strengthen the church community in and after the coronavirus era through insight into speech act theory.
Survival assessment of the extended‐wear insulin infusion set featuring lantern technology in adults with type 1 diabetes by the glucose clamp technique
Authors: Simic Amra , Schøndorff Pernelle K. , Stumpe Tobias , Heschel Matthias , Regittnig Werner , Pöttler Tina , Ninaus Daniela , Augustin Thomas , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Pieber Thomas R. , Mader Julia K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaintaining good glycaemic control with the same infusion set for longer than 3 days may improve the quality of life of insulin pump users. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel, extended‐wear infusion set over 7 days of wear in adults with type 1 diabetes. Sixteen participants completed three identical 8‐hour euglycaemic clamp experiments on Days 1, 4 and 7 of infusion set wear. Between the experiments, the participants were discharged home for routine diabetes management while wearing the same extended‐wear infusion set throughout the study. Time to reach the maximum glucose infusion rate (TGIRmax) on Day 7 was reduced by 67% compared with Day 1 (p < .001). The corresponding area under the glucose infusion rate curve (AUCGIR) was comparable for the first 2 h of the clamp (p = .891) but decreased by 28% over time (p < .008). While the extent of insulin absorption decreased with prolonged wear, it was accompanied by an increase in insulin absorption rate. The infusion set survival rate was 100% without leakages, occlusion alarms, severe hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis. The extended‐wear infusion set proved safe and effective during prolonged wear in real‐life conditions.
Functional dyspepsia in depression: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kao Kai‐Liang , Sung Fung‐Chang , Huang Hui‐Chun , Lin Chen‐Ju , Chen Shu‐Chin , Lin Cheng‐Li , Huang Yo‐Ping , Wu Shu‐I , Chen Yi‐Shin , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are more likely to have persistent depression, yet whether depression and antidepressant treatments are associated with subsequent risk of FD remain unclear.MethodsUsing population‐based insurance administrative data of Taiwan, an 11‐year historic cohort study was assembled, comparing cases aged 18 and above with the diagnosis of depressive disorder, to a propensity score‐matched sample of adults without depression. Incident FD as a primary diagnosis was ascertained. Hazard ratios of FD were calculated using Cox regression models by age, gender, other comorbidities, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, antidepressants and antidiabetic agents.ResultsA total of 20,197 people with depressive disorder and 20,197 propensity score‐matched comparisons without depression were followed up. The incidence of FD was 1.7‐fold greater in the depressive cohort than in comparisons (12.9 versus 7.57 per 1000 person‐years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93~2.41). Increased risks were significant regardless of comorbidities or medication uses, the highest in the untreated depression group compared to the group without depression, with an aHR of 2.51(95% CI 2.15~2.93).ConclusionsThis population‐based study showed that patients with depressive disorder are at elevated risk of FD. Antidepressant treatment could reduce the risk of FD.