bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sesame β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase I regulates pollen development by interacting with an adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yang Yuanxiao , Li Tianyu , Liu Hongyan , Zhou Fang , Zhao Yingzhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMale gametogenesis is an important biological process critical for seed formation and successful breeding. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of male fertility might facilitate hybrid breeding and increase crop yields. Sesame anther development is largely unknown. Here, a sesame β‐ketoacyl‐[acyl carrier protein] synthase I (SiKASI) was cloned and characterized as being involved in pollen and pollen wall development. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the spatiotemporal expression of SiKASI protein was altered in sterile sesame anthers compared with fertile anthers. In addition, SiKASI overexpression in Arabidopsis caused male sterility. Cytological observations revealed defective microspore and pollen wall development in SiKASI‐overexpressing plants. Aberrant lipid droplets were detected in the tapetal cells of SiKASI‐overexpressing plants, and most of the microspores of transgenic plants contained few cytoplasmic inclusions, with irregular pollen wall components embedded on their surfaces. Moreover, the fatty acid metabolism and the expression of a sporopollenin biosynthesis‐related gene set were altered in the anthers of SiKASI‐overexpressing plants. Additionally, SiKASI interacted with an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Taken together, our findings suggested that SiKASI was crucial for fatty acid metabolism and might interact with ABCG18 for normal pollen fertility in Arabidopsis.
Urban cash transfers and poverty in Ghana
Authors: Cuesta Jose , Danquah Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increasing attention to social protection in urban settings is not being paired with increasing evidence. This paper offers a single ex‐ante evaluation methodology that simulates the monetary poverty effects of changing eligibility conditions, unitary benefits, and the composition of cash transfer programs aimed at expanding coverage in urban areas. We apply this methodology to Ghana, a growing, middle‐income country committed to reducing poverty but with a weak social protection system with little urban presence. We show that while a flagship cash transfer program, the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty program (LEAP), transfers less than GHS 34 million (US$7.6 million) a year, ending extreme poverty in Ghana would require spending around GHS 1,800 million ($400 million). Efforts to tackle urban poverty through transfers will prove unsuccessful without enough fiscal resources.
Adolescent Health Series: The health of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ross David A. , Mshana Gerry , Guthold Regina 
Published: July 2021

SummaryObjectiveThis article provides a concise overview of the current challenges that adolescents face in sub‐Saharan Africa, summarises possible solutions and ongoing efforts to implement these, and briefly introduces the subsequent papers of this series.MethodsWe draw on data from the WHO Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing Data Portal.ResultsThe opportunity provided by the growing number of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa will only be realised if they survive, are healthy, receive a quality education and remain in Africa rather than joining the increasing out‐migration exodus. Fortunately, there is an increasing focus on adolescent health and well‐being both globally and in sub‐Saharan Africa, and growing knowledge of what to do to promote adolescent health and well‐being and how to do it, and a powerful resource in the form of adolescents themselves.ConclusionThere is no time to lose. African adolescents demand it, but are also ready to be part of the solution.
Platelet‐to‐red blood cell ratio and mortality in bleeding trauma patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kleinveld Derek J. B. , van Amstel Rombout B. E. , Wirtz Mathijs R. , Geeraedts Leo M. G. , Goslings J. Carel , Hollmann Markus W. , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn traumatic bleeding, transfusion practice has shifted toward higher doses of platelets and plasma transfusion. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether a higher platelet‐to‐red blood cell (RBC) transfusion ratio improves mortality without worsening organ failure when compared with a lower ratio of platelet‐to‐RBC.MethodsPubmed, Medline, and Embase were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in bleeding trauma patients (age ≥16 years) receiving platelet transfusion between 1946 until October 2020. High platelet:RBC ratio was defined as being the highest ratio within an included study. Primary outcome was 24 hour mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality, thromboembolic events, organ failure, and correction of coagulopathy.ResultsIn total five RCTs (n = 1757 patients) were included. A high platelet:RBC compared with a low platelet:RBC ratio significantly improved 24 hour mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.69 [0.53–0.89]) and 30‐ day mortality (OR 0.78 [0.63–0.98]). There was no difference between platelet:RBC ratio groups in thromboembolic events and organ failure. Correction of coagulopathy was reported in five studies, in which platelet dose had no impact on trauma‐induced coagulopathy.ConclusionsIn traumatic bleeding, a high platelet:RBC improves mortality as compared to low platelet:RBC ratio. The high platelet:RBC ratio does not influence thromboembolic or organ failure event rates.
Civilian walking blood bank emergency preparedness plan
Authors: Holcomb John B. , Spinella Philip C. , Apelseth Torunn Oveland , Butler Frank K. , Cannon Jeremy W. , Cap Andrew P. , Corley Jason B. , Doughty Heidi , Fitzpatrick Michael , Goldkind Sara F. , Gurney Jennifer M. , Homer Mary J. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Jansen Jan O. , Jenkins Donald H. , Marques Marisa B. , Moore Eugene E. , Ness Paul M. , O'Connor Kevin C. , Schreiber Martin A. , Shinar Eilat , Sloan Steve , Strandenes Geir , Stubbs James R. , Taylor Audra L. , Ward Kevin R. , Waltman Elizabeth , Yazer Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current global pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in the blood supply network. Given the recent shortages, there must be a civilian plan for massively bleeding patients when there are no blood products on the shelf. Recognizing that the time to death in bleeding patients is less than 2 h, timely resupply from unaffected locations is not possible. One solution is to transfuse emergency untested whole blood (EUWB), similar to the extensive military experience fine‐tuned over the last 19 years. While this concept is anathema in current civilian transfusion practice, it seems prudent to have a vetted plan in place.Methods and MaterialsDuring the early stages of the 2020 global pandemic, a multidisciplinary and international group of clinicians with broad experience in transfusion medicine communicated routinely. The result is a planning document that provides both background information and a high‐level guide on how to emergently deliver EUWB for patients who would otherwise die of hemorrhage.Results and ConclusionsSimilar plans have been utilized in remote locations, both on the battlefield and in civilian practice. The proposed recommendations are designed to provide high‐level guidance for experienced blood bankers, transfusion experts, clinicians, and health authorities. Like with all emergency preparedness, it is always better to have a well‐thought‐out and trained plan in place, rather than trying to develop a hasty plan in the midst of a disaster. We need to prevent the potential for empty shelves and bleeding patients dying for lack of blood.
Quantification of anti‐A of IgM or IgG isotype using three different methodologies
Authors: Sprogøe Ulrik , Assing Kristian , Nielsen Christian , Rasmussen Mads Hvidkjær , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundReliability of ABO‐antibody measurement is important in the context of supplying low‐titer ABO incompatible plasma‐containing blood products. This study investigated the correlation of anti‐A measurements between three different titer methodologies.MethodsThirty‐four blood group O individuals were included. IgM and IgG anti‐A was measured by three different methods: (1) manual method (Bio‐Rad ID‐gel card), (2) automated method (Immucor NEO), (3) flow cytometry (FC) with calibration in molecules of equivalent fluorochrome (MEF). Data were log2 transformed to titer steps (TS) and log2 MEF, respectively. All three methods were benchmarked against the 14/300 WHO anti‐A/anti‐B standard reagent.ResultsThe correlation between the manual and automated methods was statistically significant for both IgM (Spearman's rs = 0.89, p < .0001) and IgG (rs = 0.95, p < .0001). The mean TS difference between the manual and automated methods was 0.61 for IgM (p = .0033) and 2.1 for IgG (p < .0001). The manual method yielded IgM titer results that were generally 1 titer step higher than the automated method, whereas for the IgG titrations the difference was generally a median of 2 TS higher. The FC median log2 MEF level was significantly correlated with TS of IgG and IgM for both manual and automated agglutination‐based titer methods (0.69 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.91). With the WHO standard reagent, the manual method produced the expected results while the automated method's results were 1 TS lower for both IgM and IgG at all dilutions tested.ConclusionThese results indicate that all three methods are suitable for measuring anti‐A in group O whole blood.
Effect of leukoreduction and temperature on risk of bacterial growth in CPDA‐1 whole blood: A study of Escherichia coli
Authors: Braathen Hanne , Sivertsen Joar , Lunde Turid Helen Felli , Strandenes Geir , Lindemann Paul Christoffer , Assmus Jörg , Hervig Tor Audun , Apelseth Torunn Oveland 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollection of non‐leukoreduced citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA‐1) whole blood is performed in walking blood banks. Blood collected under field conditions may have increased risk of bacterial contamination. This study was conducted to examine the effects of WBC reduction and storage temperature on growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™) in CPDA‐1 whole blood.MethodsCPDA‐1 whole blood of 450 ml from 10 group O donors was inoculated with E. coli. Two hours after inoculation, the test bags were leukoreduced with a platelet‐sparing filter. The control bags remained unfiltered. Each whole blood bag was then split into three smaller bags for further storage at 2–6°C, 20–24°C, or 33–37°C. Bacterial growth was quantified immediately, 2 and 3 h after inoculation, on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for all storage temperatures, and on days 21 and 35 for storage at 2–6°C.ResultsWhole blood was inoculated with a median of 19.5 (range 12.0–32.0) colony‐forming units per ml (CFU/ml) E. coli. After leukoreduction, a median of 3.3 CFU/ml (range 0.0–33.3) E. coli remained. In the control arm, the WBCs phagocytized E. coli within 24 h at 20–24°C and 33–37°C in 9 of 10 bags. During storage at 2–6°C, a slow self‐sterilization occurred over time with and without leukoreduction.ConclusionsStorage at 20–24°C and 33–37°C for up to 24 h before leukoreduction reduces the risk of E. coli‐contamination in CPDA‐1 whole blood. Subsequent storage at 2–6°C will further reduce the growth of E. coli.
Intraoperative blood transfusions in burn patients
Authors: Rizzo Julie A. , Ross Evan , Ostrowski Megan L. , Gomez Brian G. , Aden James K. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonated blood is a valuable and limited resource. Excision of burn wounds often leads to significant blood loss requiring transfusion. Accurately estimating blood loss is difficult, so examining the amount of blood products given intraoperatively is a clinically relevant way to measure utilization of this valuable resource. In this study, we examined the factors that influenced the amount of blood given intraoperatively during burn wound excisions.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a single burn center over 5 years who underwent excision of their burn wounds and received intraoperative blood products was performed. Patient and burn characteristics as well as pertinent surgical data and laboratory values on the day of surgery and postoperatively were gathered. A linear regression analysis examined factors influencing the number of units of products given and a predictive model was generated.ResultsA total of 563 operations performed on 166 patients were included. The amount of burn excised was the most influential variable on the amount of blood products given. Hemoglobin level, international normalized ratio, and platelet count on the day of surgery were associated with transfusion of different blood products. A predictive model was generated to aid in preoperative ordering of blood products.ConclusionThe amount of burn excised and common hematology and coagulation lab values were associated with the amount of different blood products administered during burn surgery. The predictive model generated needs to be validated prospectively to aid in preoperative planning for burn excisions.
If you build it, they will learn: A review of models in veterinary surgical education
Authors: Hunt Julie A. , Simons Micha C. , Anderson Stacy L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurgical skills are learned through deliberate practice, and veterinary educators are increasingly turning to models for teaching and assessing surgical skills. This review article sought to compile and review the literature specific to veterinary surgical skills models, and to discuss the themes of fidelity, educational outcomes, and validity evidence. Several literature searches using broad terms such as “veterinary surgery model,” “veterinary surgical model,” and “veterinary surgical simulator” were performed using PubMed, CAB abstracts, and Google scholar. All articles describing a model created and utilized for veterinary surgical training were included. Other review articles were used as a source for additional models. Commercially available models were found using review articles, internet browser searches, and communication with veterinary clinical skills educators. There has been an explosion of growth in the variety of small animal surgical task trainers published in the last several decades. These models teach orthopedic surgery, ligation and suturing, open celiotomy and abdominal surgery, sterilization surgeries, and minimally invasive surgeries. Some models were published with accompanying rubrics for learner assessment; these rubrics have been noted where present. Research in veterinary surgical models is expanding and becoming an area of focus for academic institutions. However, there is room for growth in the collection of validity evidence and in development of models for teaching large animal surgery, training surgical residents, and providing continuing education to practitioners. This review can assist with evaluation of current surgical models and trends, and provide a platform for additional studies and development of best practices.
The Unified Theory of Tubesheet Design—Part I: Theoretical Foundation
Authors: Zhu Hong-Song , Zhai Jinguo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEXs), floating head and U-tube HEXs is developed by removing the midplane symmetry (MPS) assumption, which assumes a geometric and loading plane of symmetry at the midway between the two TSs so that only half of the HEX or one TS need be considered. The unified theory can be successfully extended to all common types of HEXs, with arbitrary combinations of TS configurations for two TSs, and with arbitrary material properties and temperature for each component due to less assumptions. The effects of unperforated annual plate, TS flange, gravitational (e.g., dead-weight of tubes, catalyst inside tubes, shell side fluid and tube side fluid) and fluid flow pressure loss, bending stiffness of the tubes, TS in-plane stretch, pressure in TS perforations as well as temperature gradient across TS are also evaluated by the unified theory. Theoretical analysis shows that the existing theories of TS design can be derived from the unified theory as special deductions. The limitations and problems faced in the existing theories and codes are systematically reviewed and solutions to these limitations and problems are also provided by the unified theory. Numerical comparisons indicate that predictions given by the unified theory agree well with finite element analysis (FEA), while ASME results are not accurate or not correct and may lead to unsafety design.
Adapting a guided low-intensity behavioural activation intervention for people with dementia and depression in the Swedish healthcare context (INVOLVERA): a study protocol using codesign and participatory action research
Authors: Svedin Frida , Brantnell Anders , Farrand Paul , Blomberg Oscar , Coumoundouros Chelsea , von Essen Louise , Åberg Anna Cristina , Woodford Joanne 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDementia is a worldwide health concern with incident rates continuing to increase. While depression prevalence is high in people with dementia and psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective, access to psychological interventions remains limited. Reliance on traditional CBT for people with dementia and depression may present difficulties given it is a complex psychological approach, costly to deliver, and professional training time is lengthy. An alternative approach is behavioural activation (BA), a simpler psychological intervention for depression. The present study seeks to work with people with dementia, informal caregivers, community stakeholders, and healthcare professionals, to adapt a guided low-intensity BA intervention for people with dementia and depression, while maximising implementation potential within the Swedish healthcare context.Methods and analysisA mixed methods study using codesign, principles from participatory action research (PAR) and normalisation process theory to facilitate the cultural relevance, appropriateness and implementation potential of the intervention. The study will consist of four iterative PAR phases, using focus groups with healthcare professionals and community stakeholders, and semi-structured interviews with people with dementia and informal caregivers. A content analysis approach will be adopted to analyse the transcribed focus groups and semi-structured interviews recordings.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and data handled according to General Data Protection Regulation. Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants. In accordance with the Swedish Health and Medical Services Act, capacity to consent will be examined by a member of the research team. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-05542 and Dnr: 2021-00925). Findings will be published in an open access peer-reviewed journal, presented at academic conferences, and disseminated among lay and healthcare professional audiences.
COVID-19-related attitudes, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in sub-Saharan African countries: implementing a longitudinal phone-based survey protocol in rural Senegalese households
Authors: Seror Valerie , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Ba El-Hadj , Cortaredona Sebastien , Berenger Cyril , L’Haridon Olivier , Sokhna Cheikh 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionRural areas are considered safe havens against the increased spread of COVID-19 and associated restrictive measures, especially in contexts where public authorities are not in a position to systematically and substantially ease COVID-19-induced economic shocks. In the current sub-Saharan Africa context, still marked by uncertainty surrounding the spread of COVID-19, we present the protocol of an ongoing longitudinal study aimed at investigating COVID-19-related attitudes, risks perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in rural areas in Senegal.Methods and analysisA prospective randomised longitudinal study of 600 households located in three semiurban villages and nine randomly selected rural villages in the Niakhar area (located 135 km East of Dakar). Three ad hoc phone surveys are administered to 600 heads of households, their housewives in charge of managing the household and a relative living temporarily in the household, respectively. In addition to sharing identical sets of questions on several topics (risks perceptions, attitudes to curfew, attitudes to vaccines, beliefs about COVID-19 infection), the three separate survey questionnaires also include other topics (economic impact, local preventive strategies) whose related questions differ between questionnaires. As analysing evolutions is the study’s primary focus, data on all the topics covered will be collected in three waves unless the spread of COVID-19 by mid-2021 justifies extending data collection. The present article presents the study protocol and details about the implementation of the first wave of data collection which started in July 2020. The decision to wait before presenting the protocol was based on the unprecedented context the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe survey’s protocol was approved by the Senegalese National Ethical Committee for Research in Health (131/MSAS/CNERS/Sec) and received authorisation from both the Senegalese Ministry of Health (619/MSAS/DPRS/DR) and the French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL 2220771).
Cellulitis in children: a retrospective single centre study from Australia
Authors: Salleo Elise , MacKay Conor I , Cannon Jeffrey , King Barbara , Bowen Asha C 
Published: July 2021

AimTo characterise the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of paediatric cellulitis.MethodsA retrospective study of children presenting to a paediatric tertiary hospital in Western Australia, Australia in 2018. All inpatient records from 1 January to 31 December 2018 and emergency department presentations from 1 July to 31 December 2018 were screened for inclusion.Results302 episodes of cellulitis were included comprising 206 (68.2%) admitted children and 96 (31.8%) non-admitted children. The median age was 5 years (IQR 2–9), 40 (13.2%) were Aboriginal and 180 (59.6%) boys. The extremities were the most commonly affected body site among admitted and non-admitted patients. There was a greater proportion of facial cellulitis in admitted patients (27.2%) compared with non-admitted patients (5.2%, p<0.01). Wound swab was the most frequent microbiological investigation (133/302, 44.0%), yielding positive cultures in the majority of those tested (109/133, 82.0%). The most frequent organisms identified were Staphylococcus aureus (94/109, 86.2%) (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (60/94, 63.8%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (22/109, 20.2%) with 14 identifying both S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Intravenous flucloxacillin was the preferred antibiotic (154/199, 77.4%), with median intravenous duration 2 days (IQR 2–3), oral 6 days (IQR 5–7) and total 8 days (IQR 7–10).ConclusionsCellulitis is a common reason for presentation to a tertiary paediatric hospital. We confirm a high prevalence of extremity cellulitis and demonstrate that children with facial cellulitis often require admission. Cellulitis disproportionately affected Aboriginal children and children below 5 years. Prevention of cellulitis involves early recognition and treatment of skin infections such as impetigo and scabies.