bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-time-scale input approaches for hourly-scale rainfall–runoff modeling based on recurrent neural networks
Authors: Ishida Kei , Kiyama Masato , Ercan Ali , Amagasaki Motoki , Tu Tongbi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study proposes two effective approaches to reduce the required computational time of the training process for time-series modeling through a recurrent neural network (RNN) using multi-time-scale time-series data as input. One approach provides coarse and fine temporal resolutions of the input time-series data to RNN in parallel. The other concatenates the coarse and fine temporal resolutions of the input time-series data over time before considering them as the input to RNN. In both approaches, first, the finer temporal resolution data are utilized to learn the fine temporal scale behavior of the target data. Then, coarser temporal resolution data are expected to capture long-duration dependencies between the input and target variables. The proposed approaches were implemented for hourly rainfall–runoff modeling at a snow-dominated watershed by employing a long short-term memory network, which is a type of RNN. Subsequently, the daily and hourly meteorological data were utilized as the input, and hourly flow discharge was considered as the target data. The results confirm that both of the proposed approaches can reduce the required computational time for the training of RNN significantly. Lastly, one of the proposed approaches improves the estimation accuracy considerably in addition to computational efficiency.
Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand
Authors: Koottatep Thammarat , Taweesan Achara , Kanabkaew Thongchai , Polprasert Chongrak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In most low- and middle-income countries, due to financial constraints and improper management practices, the expansion of conventional centralized systems to enhance wastewater management services is not practical. Despite the fact that the majority of the world population has met the Millennium Development Goals 7c (MDG7c) targets, more than 2.5 billion are still using unimproved sanitation facilities and affecting the safety of drinking water and public health. Because of this problem, a novel approach on ‘Non-Sewered Sanitation’ with decentralized treatment systems is being recognized as a promising alternative to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG6) targets on ‘Safe Water and Sanitation’ and bringing health benefits to the people. This study aimed to investigate the current status of access to improved sanitation facilities in relation to the MDG7c and SDG6 in Thailand and comparing with other countries, including the effects of unsafely managed fecal sludge (FS) on the prevalence of diarrhea and liver fluke infections. The prevailing constraints and weaknesses were identified, and effective sanitation management measures to accomplish SDG6 targets were recommended. Based on data collected from 20 cities located in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand during the period of 2015–2020, the sanitation facilities data on conventional centralized systems and FS management facilities that affect the prevalence of diarrhea and liver infections were analyzed and interpreted using statistical and response surface methodology techniques. The findings showed that most of the surveyed cities have achieved the MDG7c targets, but 70% of the FS generated from on-site sanitation systems are still unsafely managed, caused by limited expansion of sewage systems for wastewater collection and conveyance (with inadequate operation and maintenance) as well as the financial constraints, especially in areas outside of urban neighborhoods. The effective sanitation management practices to accomplish the SDG6 targets were proposed such as increasing the capacity of sanitation facilities to be 55,000 m3/day/30,000 households, designing appropriate FS collection program and treatment technology, and providing more awareness programs for safe sanitation management and health risk protection.
The clean plan: analysing sanitation planning in India using the CWIS planning framework
Authors: Narayan Abishek S. , Maurer Max , Lüthi Christoph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sanitation in India has received national attention for over a decade, especially with the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) making it a political priority. However, due to the lack of appropriate sanitation planning practices, there have been little long-term gains made in urban sanitation beyond the ending of open defaecation. In this paper, we analyse the key barriers to sanitation planning, in India, in the context of the emerging paradigm of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). A mixed method approach of shit flow diagrams, social network analysis, policy analysis, interviews and workshops at the national, state (2) and city (4) levels was conducted. Eight factors were identified as important barriers for planning including inadequate planning capacities, lack of ownership of city sanitation plans among city governments, poor community involvement, absence of a uniform planning framework, unreliable political and financial support, overlapping jurisdictions, and scheme-based funding. The paper also proposes the CWIS Planning Framework which offers a perspective at overcoming these barriers with the recommendation of bridging top-down and bottom-up planning approaches. While there is increasingly more clarity on what CWIS means, there is little understanding on how to plan for it. Therefore, this framework provides the theoretical basis for planning with the CWIS approach.
A review on adsorbent parameters for removal of dye products from industrial wastewater
Authors: Soltani Ali , Faramarzi Mehdi , Mousavi Parsa Seyed Aboutaleb 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industrial effluents are usually one of the major industries polluting the environment and surface water. It is estimated that the worldwide production of dyes is about 70 tons/year. To overcome this problem, innovative processes are suggested for the treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes and heavy metals. The goal of the processes is often to reduce the toxicity of these pollutants in order to meet treatment standards. Recently, great attention has been paid to innovative processes for physical and chemical removal techniques such as adsorption on new adsorbents, biomass adsorption, membrane filtration, irradiation, and electrochemical coagulation. In this study, the application of adsorbents in the adsorption process to remove dye pollutants from industrial effluents has been studied. Factors affecting dye adsorption such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount are also presented. The obtained results revealed that more than 80% of the dye adsorption on the surface of adsorbents are endothermic processes and more than 95% of the processes obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Implicações da regulação discursiva na leitura de imagens em narrativa infantil
Authors: Melo Lélia Erbolato 
Published: October 2021

O objetivo principal, neste artigo, é enfatizar as implicações da regulação discursiva na leitura de imagens em sequência por crianças, a interação entre os códigos verbal e não verbal (Cosnier et Brossard, 1984), e os efeitos da tutela do adulto na narrativa oral infantil (Bruner, 1991), entre outros, levando em consideração aspectos linguísticos e discursivos. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos com exemplos extraídos de pesquisa realizada.
The relationship between bilingualism and working memory: a review
Authors: Trevisol Juliane Regina , Tomitch Lêda Maria Braga 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a review of the literature aimed at exploring the main findings regarding studies on the issue of bilingualism and working memory. It is organized with an initial discussion on the construct of working memory and its development through time, followed by the topic of bilingualism, with general evidence of its advantages and disadvantages to the cognitive system, and finally the examination of current pieces of research addressing working memory in bilingual children and adults. The objective is to illustrate what contributions research has shown so far and what future directions might be.Keywords: bilingualism; working memory; cognition. RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de explorar as descobertas mais relevantes acerca de estudos sobre bilinguismo e memória de trabalho. Inicialmente, discute-se o construto memória de trabalho e como o mesmo tem evoluído enquanto objeto de pesquisa. Na sequência, apresenta-se a questão do bilinguismo, trazendo-se evidências gerais de estudos acerca de suas vantagens e desvantagens em termos cognitivos. Por fim, as pesquisas mais recentes acerca da relação entre memória de trabalho e bilinguismo em grupos de crianças e adultos são apresentadas. O objetivo principal é fazer um apanhado geral sobre quais contribuições estas pesquisas tem apresentado até o momento e quais as direções futuras que novas pesquisas podem vir a tomar a partir disso. Palavras-chave: bilinguismo; memória de trabalho; cognição.
Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor for the Development of Preeclampsia and Pharmacopreventive Options
Authors: Anthoulakis Christos , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Rousso David , Karagiannis Asterios , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Grimbizis Grigoris , Athyros Vasilios 
Published: October 2021

:
Arterial stiffness (AS) describes the rigidity of the arterial walls. Epidemiological
studies have shown that increased AS is an independent predictive marker of cardiovascular (CV)
morbidity and mortality in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Preeclampsia (PE), a form of
pregnancy-induced hypertension, affects approximately 5% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclamptic
women have a higher risk of CV disease (CVD), mainly because PE damages the heart’s ability
to relax between contractions. Different pharmacological approaches for the prevention of PE have
been tested in clinical trials (e.g. aspirin, enoxaparin, metformin, pravastatin, and sildenafil citrate).
In current clinical practice, only low-dose aspirin is used for PE pharmacoprevention. However,
low-dose aspirin does not prevent term PE, which is the most common form of PE. Compromised
vascular integrity precedes the onset of PE and therefore, AS assessment may constitute a promising
predictive marker of PE. Several non-invasive techniques have been developed to assess AS.
Compared with normotensive pregnancies, both carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and
augmentation index (AIx) are increased in PE. In view of simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility,
there is an interest in oscillometric AS measurements in pregnancies complicated by PE.
Asymmetric C-H and N-H Functionalization of Indoles Involving Central
Chirality via Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Debeli Dereje Kebebew , Gashaw Alemayehu , Chemeda Meseret 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
The C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles is an interesting area of research that has a
useful impact on organic synthesis due to the availability of chiral indole scaffolds in the discovery of
drugs, synthetic bioactive compounds, and natural products. The chiral phosphoric acid catalysts
(CPAs) have proven to be a powerful and versatile class of enantioselective organocatalysts. Many
asymmetric syntheses of organic compounds have been carried out with these catalysts in C-C and CN
bond formation reactions, and great progress has been reported. By 2011, several reviews were
published covering some important topics and recent achievements in this field. Therefore, in this review,
the most recent advances, research breakthroughs with key examples involving mechanisms of
CPA-catalyzed C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles to form central chirality via Friedel Crafts,
Michael type, and rearrangement reactions were reviewed and reported.
Systematic Review Methodologies and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals:
Improving Evaluations of the Plastic Monomer Bisphenol A
Authors: Vandenberg Laura N. , Pelch Katherine E. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in plastics, personal
care products, household items, and other consumer goods. Risk assessments are intended to characterize
a chemical’s hazards, identify the doses at which adverse outcomes are observed, quantify
exposure levels, and then compare these doses to determine the likelihood of risk in a given population.
There are many problems with risk assessments for EDCs, allowing people to be exposed to
levels that are later associated with serious health outcomes in epidemiology studies.

Objective:
In this review, we examine issues that affect the evaluation of EDCs in risk assessments
(e.g., use of insensitive rodent strains and absence of disease-oriented outcomes in hazard assessments;
inadequate exposure assessments). We then review one well-studied chemical, Bisphenol A
(BPA; CAS #80-05-7) an EDC found in plastics, food packaging, and other consumer products.
More than one hundred epidemiology studies suggest associations between BPA exposures and adverse
health outcomes in environmentally exposed human populations.

Results:
We present support for the use of systematic review methodologies in the evaluation of
BPA and other EDCs. Systematic reviews would allow studies to be evaluated for their reliability
and risk of bias. They would also allow all data to be used in risk assessments, which is a requirement
for some regulatory agencies.

Conclusion:
Systematic review methodologies can be used to improve evaluations of BPA and
other EDCs. Their use could help to restore faith in risk assessments and ensure that all data are utilized
in decision-making. Regulatory agencies are urged to conduct transparent, well-documented
and proper systematic reviews for BPA and other EDCs.
Facile One-Step Preparation of Mesoporous Siliceous Phophsomolybdic
Acid for Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Ilbeygi Hamid 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Proton exchange membrane is an art of PEM fuel cells, developing active materials
with robust structure and high proton conductivity has attained huge attention in recent decades
amongst researchers.

Aims/objectives:
Here, we have developed a novel approach to prepare a siliceous mesoporous heteropoly
acid with high stability in polar media and high proton conductivity to be utilized as proton exchange
membrane.

Methods:
A highly stable mesoporous siliceous phosphomolybdic acid has been synthesized via a simple
self-assembly between Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA), the polymeric surfactant, and the silica precursor
stabilized by KCl molecules as a proton conducting material for proton exchange membrane application.

Results:
As prepared, siliceous mesoporous phosphomolybdic acids (mPMA-Si) show a high surface
area with a highly crystalline structure; however, the crystallinity is reduced by increasing the silica
content. Further analysis proved the Keggin structure remains intact in final materials. mPMA-8
Si shows the highest performance among all the materials studied with proton conductivity of 0.263
S.cm-1 at 70 °C.

Conclusion:
As prepared, mPMA-xSi has shown a very high proton conductivity in a range of temperatures,
making them a promising material for proton exchange membrane.
A Virtual Smash Room for Venting Frustration or Just Having Fun: Participatory Design of Virtual Environments in Digitally Reinforced Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Persson Johanna , Clifford Douglas , Wallergård Mattias , Sandén Ulrika 
Published: October 2021

Background
Cancer rehabilitation is central for helping patients and relatives create a functional everyday life based on the changes in life conditions. The needs are highly individual and include physical, mental, and social challenges. Cancer rehabilitation programs offer coping strategies, including guidelines on how to handle emotions.

Objective
This paper presents a participatory design activity where patients in cancer rehabilitation use a virtual smash room, which is a virtual environment where the user can break things, mainly porcelain or glass items such as vases or plates. The objective is to understand attitudes to, and some effects of, using this application, as well as eliciting ideas of other virtual environments that would be desired.

Methods
The virtual environment presented here, the virtual smash room, was designed at the request of a patient with cancer who wanted a tool for venting frustration. In this virtual environment, the user can break porcelain, vases, and plates. Patients participating in a week-long cancer rehabilitation program tested the virtual smash room and reported their experiences through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three sections: (1) a subset of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), (2) a subset of the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), and (3) a free-text response section.

Results
A total of 101 responses were gathered. The results from the IMI questions showed that the participants found the virtual experience enjoyable (mean 4.52, maximum 5, SD 0.73), and it helped them retain their focus (mean 4.44, maximum 5, SD 0.74). The VRSQ revealed that there were only minor symptoms related to general discomfort (5.9%, n=6), fatigue (5.9%, n=6), nausea (3.0%, n=3), and tired eyes (8.9%, n=9), while several participants experienced dizziness (22.8%, n=23). Since only postmeasurements were gathered, nothing could be concluded about the prevalence of these symptoms before testing. The free-text responses indicated that the user group had many ideas for other virtual environments to use in cancer rehabilitation.

Conclusions
This study presents a concept of using virtual reality in the cancer rehabilitation process and exemplifies activities of patient participation in the design process. Virtual reality has potential in being both distracting and enjoyable, while certain aspects of cybersickness might be especially important to consider for a user group already experiencing physical and mental issues. The results will act as input in the process of further designing virtual applications in digitally reinforced cancer rehabilitation.
Re-examining COVID-19 Self-Reported Symptom Tracking Programs in the United States: Updated Framework Synthesis
Authors: Janvrin Miranda Lynn , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez 
Published: October 2021

Background
Early in the pandemic, in 2020, Koehlmoos et al completed a framework synthesis of currently available self-reported symptom tracking programs for COVID-19. This framework described relevant programs, partners and affiliates, funding, responses, platform, and intended audience, among other considerations.

Objective
This study seeks to update the existing framework with the aim of identifying developments in the landscape and highlighting how programs have adapted to changes in pandemic response.

Methods
Our team developed a framework to collate information on current COVID-19 self-reported symptom tracking programs using the “best-fit” framework synthesis approach. All programs from the previous study were included to document changes. New programs were discovered using a Google search for target keywords. The time frame for the search for programs ranged from March 1, 2021, to May 6, 2021.

Results
We screened 33 programs, of which 8 were included in our final framework synthesis. We identified multiple common data elements, including demographic information such as race, age, gender, and affiliation (all were associated with universities, medical schools, or schools of public health). Dissimilarities included questions regarding vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, adherence to social distancing, COVID-19 testing, and mental health.

Conclusions
At this time, the future of self-reported symptom tracking for COVID-19 is unclear. Some sources have speculated that COVID-19 may become a yearly occurrence much like the flu, and if so, the data that these programs generate is still valuable. However, it is unclear whether the public will maintain the same level of interest in reporting their symptoms on a regular basis if the prevalence of COVID-19 becomes more common.
Organizational Characteristics Associated with High Performance in Medicare’s Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care Initiative
Authors: Drewry Kelsey M. , Trivedi Amal N. , Wilk Adam S. 
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives
Medicare plans to extend financial structures tested through the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care (CEC) Initiative—an alternative payment model for maintenance dialysis providers—to promote high-value care for beneficiaries with kidney failure. The End-Stage Renal Disease Seamless Care Organizations (ESCOs) that formed under the CEC Initiative varied greatly in their ability to generate cost savings and improve patient health outcomes. This study examined whether organizational or community characteristics were associated with ESCOs’ performance.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used a retrospective pooled cross-sectional analysis of all 37 ESCOs participating in the CEC Initiative during 2015–2018 (n=87 ESCO-years). Key exposures included ESCO characteristics: number of dialysis facilities, number and types of physicians, and years of CEC Initiative experience. Outcomes of interest included were above versus below median gross financial savings (2.4%) and standardized mortality ratio (0.93). We analyzed unadjusted differences between high- and low-performing ESCOs and then used multivariable logistic regression to construct average marginal effect estimates for parameters of interest.

Results
Above-median gross savings were obtained by 23 (52%) ESCOs with no program experience, 14 (32%) organizations with 1 year of experience, and seven (16%) organizations with 2 years of experience. The adjusted likelihoods of achieving above-median gross savings were 23 (95% confidence interval, 8 to 37) and 48 (95% confidence interval, 24 to 68) percentage points higher for ESCOs with 1 or 2 years of program experience, respectively (versus none). The adjusted likelihood of achieving above-median gross savings was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, −3 to −1) percentage points lower with each additional affiliated dialysis facility. Adjusted mortality rates were lower for ESCOs located in areas with higher socioeconomic status.

Conclusions
Smaller ESCOs, organizations with more experience in the CEC Initiative, and those located in more affluent areas performed better under the CEC Initiative.
Break Through Infection Following Covid 19 Vaccination Among Health Care Workers In South India .
Authors: THAYYIL JAYAKRISHNAN , MERIN GEORGE ARDRA 
Published: October 2021

We here reported Covid 19 break through infections among HCWs following any of the above vaccines in our institution .Breakthrough infections were defined as “the detection of SARS-Cov2RNA or antigen in a respiratory specimen collected from a person >14 days after they have completed two recommend doses of Covid 19 vaccines”. Total we have received 737 responses from our HCWs ,out of which 677 (92%) were vaccinated. Majority of them 642 (95%) received Covishield and rest 35 (5%) received Covaxin. Out of this 89 persons have developed any symptoms tested positive fourteen days after receiving full course vaccines.