bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 40-Year Retrospective of APHIS, 1972–2012
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Published: February 2021

Since APHIS was formed in 1972, it has evolved into a multi-faceted Agency with responsibilities that include protecting and promoting U.S. agricultural health from foreign pests and diseases, regulating genetically engineered organisms, administering the Animal Welfare Act, and carrying out wildlife damage management activities. It has been 15 years since APHIS compiled a history of its mission and activities. This year, 2012, marks both the 40th anniversary of the Agency and the 150th anniversary of USDA, providing a unique opportunity to put that history in context. This retrospective briefly examines the history of animal and plant health regulation within USDA, assesses APHIS'
development over four decades, includes biographies of the Agency’s Administrators, and provides snapshots of some of the milestone issues and events that define the Agency’s history and its accomplishments.
Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries
Authors: Sung Hyuna , Ferlay Jacques , Siegel Rebecca L. , Laversanne Mathieu , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Jemal Ahmedin , Bray Freddie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2‐fold to 3‐fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2‐fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
Caracterização de atributos físico-químicos de um latossolo amarelo no Município de Paragominas - PA
Authors: Alves Camila Nascimento , Ferreira Nayra de Lima , Souza Gabriela Brito de , Barroso Larissa Lopes , Silva Jafison Antônio Freires da , Pinto Renato Braga Maciel , Melo Edson Evanílson Pereira 
Published: February 2021

A aptidão dos solos está diretamente relacionada às funções ambientais que são desempenhadas dentro de determinado ecossistema, seja ele natural ou de manejo. Diante dos impactos gerados através do uso inadequado do solo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi executar a caracterização físico-química de um latossolo amarelo localizado no município de Paragominas, região sudeste do estado do Pará, região Norte do Brasil como ferramenta para auxiliar nos estudos sobre qualidade dos solos. Realizou-se a coleta de amostras do referido solo em duas profundidades: 0 – 20 cm e de 20 cm - 40cm, respectivamente. E a partir disso, executou-se análises laboratoriais, tais como, umidade natural, cor (Método de Munsell), mensuração do pH, granulometria e teor de carbono orgânico. O método utilizado nesta pesquisa foi o quanti-qualitativo. Os resultados demonstraram que a cor da amostra indicou predominância vermelha (R), pH ácido. Em relação a granulometria, esta foi classificada como franco-argilosa, que também é conhecida como textura média, e, por fim, o carbono orgânico analisado indicou variações, que estão diretamente relacionadas a dificuldade de oxidação das amostras. Em suma, foi possível observar que os solos coletados nas duas profundidades indicaram baixa dissemelhança entre si, apresentando resultados pouco distintos apesar da mudança de horizonte.
Professionals of family health team professionals against gestacional syphilis in a municipality of northeast Brazil
Authors: Andrade Ana Fatima Souza Melo de , Jeraldo Verônica de Lourdes Sierpe 
Published: February 2021

This study had as objective to evaluate the care regarding syphilis provided by the professionals of the family health teams during prenatal consultations. For this purpose, a structured questionnaire was applied to physicians and nurses working in the health units located in the urban and rural areas of the municipality of Nossa Senhora do Socorro, in Sergipe, and the results presented using simple descriptive statistics. It was found that 76.2% of the interviewees use the Pregnant Women's Manual during prenatal consultations, adequately recognizing each stage of the disease and the drug therapy to be instituted, but treatment is not started immediately due to a lack of medication in the unity. The interviewees (81%) carried out an active search of pregnant women who were absent from prenatal consultations, but 52.4% presented a strategy to attract their partners. It is concluded that the health professionals against syphilis have the knowledge, but they can not act in an effective way, making it necessary to discuss the knowledge and performance of these professionals, guaranteeing access to training. The need for improvements by health management is also emphasized in order to make the municipality's approach to syphilis more specific and qualified, increasing the chances of eradicating the disease.
Contexto de trabalho e Prazer-sofrimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Lanes Taís Carpes , Zanon Roosi Eloiza Bolzan , Schutz Thaís Costa , Speroni Katiane Sefrin 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de adoecimento relacionado ao contexto de trabalho e ao prazer e sofrimento no trabalho de enfermeiros e médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 76 profissionais médicos e enfermeiros de 34 unidades da Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados aconteceu de março a agosto de 2015, por meio da Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho e da Escala de Indicadores de Prazer e Sofrimento no Trabalho. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: Os enfermeiros e médicos avaliaram o contexto de trabalho como crítico em dois fatores: “Organização do trabalho” e “Condições de trabalho”. O fator “Relações socioprofissionais” foi avaliado como satisfatório, somente pelos médicos. No que diz respeito à vivência de prazer e sofrimento, os fatores “Realização profissional” e “Esgotamento profissional” foram avaliados como críticos e “Liberdade de expressão” foi considerado satisfatório, para ambas categorias. O fator “Falta de reconhecimento” foi satisfatório somente sob a percepção dos médicos. Entre os fatores das duas escalas, ocorreu correlação forte e significativa entre o fator “Organização do Trabalho” e “Esgotamento profissional” e entre “Relações socioprofissionais” e “Falta de reconhecimento”. Conclusão: O contexto de trabalho reflete risco moderado para o adoecimento destes profissionais, em que enfermeiros sinalizaram, com avaliações mais críticas que os médicos, para os fatores de cada uma das escalas, exceto para o fator “Liberdade de expressão”.
In Silico Study of Coumarins and Quinolines Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Yañez Osvaldo , Osorio Manuel Isaías , Uriarte Eugenio , Areche Carlos , Tiznado William , Pérez-Donoso José M. , García-Beltrán Olimpo , González-Nilo Fernando 
Published: February 2021

The pandemic that started in Wuhan (China) in 2019 has caused a large number of deaths, and infected people around the world due to the absence of effective therapy against coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Viral maturation requires the activity of the main viral protease (Mpro), so its inhibition stops the progress of the disease. To evaluate possible inhibitors, a computational model of the SARS-CoV-2 enzyme Mpro was constructed in complex with 26 synthetic ligands derived from coumarins and quinolines. Analysis of simulations of molecular dynamics and molecular docking of the models show a high affinity for the enzyme (∆Ebinding between −5.1 and 7.1 kcal mol−1). The six compounds with the highest affinity show Kd between 6.26 × 10–6 and 17.2 × 10–6, with binding affinity between −20 and −25 kcal mol−1, with ligand efficiency less than 0.3 associated with possible inhibitory candidates. In addition to the high affinity of these compounds for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, low toxicity is expected considering the Lipinski, Veber and Pfizer rules. Therefore, this novel study provides candidate inhibitors that would allow experimental studies which can lead to the development of new treatments for SARS-CoV-2.
Influence of body length on orthostatic test parameters of student-athletes
Authors: Borysenko I.V. , Marian Cretu , Kozina Z.L. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: to identify the influence of body length on the indicators of vegetative-vascular regulation of student-athletes.
Material and methods. The study involved 42 second-year students who play sports at the amateur level (qualification level - 2-3 sports degree). The following research methods were used in the work: method of analysis of literary sources; method of determining body length; orthostatic test method; method of determining stroke volume and minute blood volume.
Results. It was found that the increase in systolic blood pressure during the transition from horizontal to vertical position in students whose body length is above 190, significantly higher than in students whose body length does not exceed 175 cm (p <0.01) diastolic blood pressure, then in students whose body length is above 190 cm, this figure is significantly higher (p <0.01) both horizontally and vertically. The stroke volume of tall (more than 190 cm body length) students in the standing position is significantly less than that of students with a body length of 150-175 cm. There is a significant effect of body length on systolic blood pressure in the standing position, diastolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions, heart rate in the supine and standing positions, stroke volume in the standing position, minute blood volume in the supine position and standing (p <0,001). The effect of body length on the orthostatic test was also significant for the following data: systolic blood pressure in the vertical position, diastolic blood pressure in the vertical position; change in diastolic blood pressure when changing body position from horizontal to vertical; heart rate in vertical and horizontal positions; change in heart rate during the transition from horizontal to vertical position; stroke volume of blood in the vertical position; change in stroke volume of blood during the transition from horizontal to vertical position; all indicators of minute blood volume.
Conclusions. The state of the cardiovascular system of student-athletes is characterized by high fitness. It was found that students with a body length of more than 190 cm have difficulty with vegetative-vascular regulation.
The effectiveness of the using moveable games, metered running, breathing exercises in the physical therapy of orphans born to HIV-infected mothers
Authors: Tamozhanska G.V. , Myatyga O.M. , Sobko I.M. , Ulaeva L.O. , Honcharuk N.V. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: to develop and experimentally substantiate the method of physical education for orphans born to HIV-infected mothers, based on the use of moveable games for the development of physical qualities, metered running, breathing exercises in orphanage conditions.
Material and methods: 28 children of 5-6 years old took part in the experiment. The experimental group included orphans born to HIV-infected mothers (14 children). The control group consisted of orphans with poor health (14 children). The research was carried out on the basis of the health care institution "Regional specialized children's home" Green Gai "for orphans and children left without parental care. The experiment lasted for 12 months, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment anthropometric studies, functional state testing (spirography, Genchi's test, Stange's test), physical fitness tests (running from a high start at 30 meters, a long jump from the spot, throwing a ball from - for the head, standing)
Results: An experimental method of physical education for orphans in an orphanage, born to HIV-infected mothers, was developed and implemented. The technique includes the use of moveable games for the development of physical qualities, dosed running exercises and complexes of respiratory gymnastics, taking into account the age characteristics of children of preschool age. A significant improvement (p<0,05) in the indicators of physical development, functional state and physical fitness of children in the experimental group was shown in comparison with the control group.
Conclusions: As a result of using the proposed method, it was possible to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children born to HIV-infected mothers from 8-10 to 4-3 times a year. It has been established that the simplicity and availability of the developed methods of organizing physical education allows them to be used not only by specialists in the field of physical education of preschool children, but also by educators of preschool institutions.
HNWIS INVESTMENTS: TRENDS AND THE CAPACITY TO ATTRACT (VISEGRAD REGION CASE STUDY)
Authors: Galstyan Ani 
Published: February 2021

Availability of “high net worth individuals” (HNWIs) in a country indicates the level of its wealth. The Visegrad countries represent a substantial part of the EU – one tenth of the community’s economy. The current paper focuses on the exploration of the current trends in HNWIs market development, their role in the country’s development, identifying the economic capacity of the Visegrad countries to attract HNWI funds. The currently relevant problem for this region is the continuation of its growth while mitigating high foreign capital dependency. The research results show that the Visegrad Group needs initiatives that stimulate its startup deal flow in more advanced startup scenes, attracting local private capital and more business skills. The paper contributes to literature on HNWI investments by identifying vulnerable features of economic development of the Visegrad countries which is responsible for the low HNWI attraction in relation to the current economic issues of the region.
SERVICE QUALITY IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT: COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND LOW-COST AIRLINES
Authors: Waramontri Rojanard 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine service quality and customer satisfaction in tourism management from the customer’s perspective, and also to explore how perceived service quality affects customer satisfaction and loyalty-related behavior towards airlines, and whether the factors affecting service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty differ between full-service and low-cost airlines. A critical review of the related literature reveals that the airline industry has been struggling with many challenges: cutting costs, managing fluctuating demand, keeping up with tight quality requirements while trying to maintain superior services and satisfy the needs of various customer groups. The data has been collected through questionnaires based on the previous research. 89 surveys have been completed by the passengers who traveled by air in the previous three months. Traditional airlines’ passengers have significantly higher perceived service quality and customer satisfaction. However, there is no significant difference in loyalty-related behavior. Overall, service quality has a significant influence on customer satisfaction for both traditional and low-cost airlines. However, the effect of service quality on behavioral intentions is only significant for traditional airlines. The results suggest that management of traditional and low-cost airlines should maintain service quality as it affects customer satisfaction.
A GUIDELINE FOR BUILDING ACCEPTANCE TO USE M-LEARNING MEDIA
Authors: Thajeen Thitirat , Siriwan Tassanee 
Published: February 2021

Nowadays various kinds of information and communication technologies are playing a vital role in every sector of society and economy, including in education. Most education institutions use these innovative technologies in assisting the management and provision of information, supporting instruction as well as facilitating learners in their access to academic sources and other exchanges of knowledge and communication. The purposes of this research are to study the related factors and then to provide guidelines on using M-learning for instructional purposes more effectively than with traditional classroom instruction. Our sample includes 400 students and the key research tool is questionnaire. The research findings point out that the factors affecting the acceptance of M-learning include the perceived ease of use of the application, attractiveness of the lessons contents, and the quality of the Internet connection. It can be concluded that the most important factors motivating this kind of technology acceptance for instructional purposes are the development of attractive contents within the application, and the quality of the applied information technologies, including the Internet system. Together they attract learners to use this application and thus increase their learning achievements.
Coklat Hitam dan Jus Wortel Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Menstruasi
Authors: Zolekhah Dewi , Utami Nendhi Wahyuni 
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Nyeri menstruasi merupakan ketidaknyamanan pada saat menstruasi yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Banyak wanita yang menangani nyeri menstruasi dengan cara membeli kemudian mengkonsumsi obat-obatan sendiri untuk mengurangi nyeri menstruasi yang bisa berdampak menjadi ketergantungan terhadap efek obat penghilang nyeri.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian coklat hitam dan jus wortel untuk mengatasi nyeri menstruasi.Metode: Rancangan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasy eksperimen, dengan one group pre test and post test control group design dengan menggunakan lembar observasi skala pengukuran nyeri numeric rating scale (NRS) kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas dengan shapiro wilk test dan analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan mann whitney. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh mahasiswa prodi kebidanan yang mengalami nyeri mentruasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling dan sampel berjumlah 30 responden yang terdiri dari 15 responden untuk kelompok intervensi dan 15 responden untuk kelompok kontrolHasil: Penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon didapatkan hasil p value 0.001 < 0.05 maka disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian coklat hitam dan jus wortel terhadap nyeri menstruasi. Pada kelompok kontrol hasil p value 0.001 < 0.05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh pemberian cokelat hitam terhadap nyeri menstruasi.
EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN DARI PUTUSAN HAKIM DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG - UNDANG NO 13 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN
Authors: Justisi Eigen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Masalah kekerasan seksual di Indonesia, khususnya terhadap wanita dan anak perlu mendapat perhatian lebih intensif dan serius lagi. Hal ini mengingat terdapat kecenderungan bahwa korban wanita dan anak sering terabaikan oleh lembagalembaga kompeten dalam system peradilan pidana, yang seharusnya memberikan perhatian dan perlindungan yang cukup berdasarkan hukum. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan sosiologi hukum yaitu pendekatan yang menganalisis tentang bagaimana reaksi dan interaksi yang terjadi ketika sistem norma itu bekerja di dalam masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan efektivitas penegakan hukum tindak pidana perkosaan dari putusan hakim dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang No 13 Tahun 2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, bahwa pemberian hukuman pidana hanya dibatasi dengan maksimal berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang. Oleh karena tidak adanya batas minimal, maka dalam praktiknya pemberian hukuman dalam kasus perkosaan sangat jauh dari harapan korban. Tak jarang hakim hanya memberikan hukuman misalnya, 5 tahun/ 8 tahun penjara.

Kata kunci: efektivitas, perkosaan, korban, hakim
The problem of sexual violence in Indonesia, especially against women and children need more intensive attention and serious again. This is because there is a tendency that the victims women and children are often neglected by the competent institutions in the criminal justice system, which should provide sufficient attention and protection under the law. In this study, researchers used a method of approach to the sociology of law that is the approach that analyzes of how the reactions and interactions that occur when a system of norms at work in the community with regard to the effectiveness of law enforcement of the criminal act of rape of a verdict is connected by Act No. 13 of 2006 concerning protection of witnesses and victims. Based on the research conducted, that the provision of criminal penalties is limited to the maximum under the terms of the law. Hence the absence of a minimum limit, then in practice the provision of punishment in cases of rape is very far from the expectations of victims. Not infrequently judges only impose penalties, for example, 5 years / 8 years in prison.

Keywords: effectiveness, rape, vicims, judges.