bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the internal structure of the Hercules supercluster
Authors: Monteiro-Oliveira R , Morell D F , Sampaio V M , Ribeiro A L B , de Carvalho R R 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the structure of the Hercules supercluster (SCL160) based on data originally extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7). We have traced the mass distribution in the field through the numerical density, weighted by the r′ luminosity of the galaxies, and classified objects based on their spatial position and redshift. This has allowed us to address not only the kinematics of the supercluster as a whole, but also the internal kinematics of each cluster, which had not been explored further before. We have confirmed that the Hercules supercluster is composed of the galaxy clusters A2147, A2151, and A2152. A2151 consists of five subclusters, A2147 two, and A2152 at least two. They form the heart of the Hercules supercluster. We also have found two other gravitationally bound clusters, therefore increasing the known members of the supercluster. We have estimated a total mass of 2.1 ± 0.2 × 1015 M⊙ for the Hercules supercluster. To determine the dynamical masses in this work, we have resorted to the M200−σ scaling relation and the caustic technique. Comparing both methods with simulated data of bimodal merging clusters, we found that the caustic, as well as the σ-based masses, is biased through the merger age, showing a boost just after pericentric passage. This is not in line with the principle of the caustic method, which affirms it does not depend on the cluster dynamical state.
Do AGN triggering mechanisms vary with radio power? – II. The importance of mergers as a function of radio power and optical luminosity
Authors: Pierce J C S , Tadhunter C N , Gordon Y , Ramos Almeida C , Ellison S L , O’Dea C , Grimmett L , Makrygianni L , Bessiere P S , Doña Girón P 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Investigation of the triggering mechanisms of radio active galactic nuclei (radio AGN) is important for improving our general understanding of galaxy evolution. In the first paper in this series, detailed morphological analysis of high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs) with intermediate radio powers suggested that the importance of triggering via galaxy mergers and interactions increases strongly with AGN radio power and weakly with optical emission-line luminosity. Here, we use an online classification interface to expand our morphological analysis to a much larger sample of 155 active galaxies (3CR radio galaxies, radio-intermediate HERGs, and Type 2 quasars) that covers a broad range in both 1.4 GHz radio power and [O iii] λ5007 emission-line luminosity. All active galaxy samples are found to exhibit excesses in their rates of morphological disturbance relative to 378 stellar-mass- and redshift-matched non-active control galaxies classified randomly and blindly alongside them. These excesses are highest for the 3CR HERGs (4.7σ) and Type 2 quasar hosts (3.9σ), supporting the idea that galaxy mergers provide the dominant triggering mechanism for these subgroups. When the full active galaxy sample is considered, there is clear evidence to suggest that the enhancement in the rate of disturbance relative to the controls increases strongly with [O iii] λ5007 emission-line luminosity but not with 1.4 GHz radio power. Evidence that the dominant AGN host types change from early-type galaxies at high radio powers to late-type galaxies at low radio powers is also found, suggesting that triggering by secular, disc-based processes holds more importance for lower-power radio AGN.
Torus-stable zone above starspots
Authors: Sun (孙旭东) Xudong , Török Tibor , DeRosa Marc L 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Whilst intense solar flares are almost always accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), reports on stellar CMEs are rare, despite the frequent detection of stellar ‘super flares’. The torus instability of magnetic flux ropes is believed to be one of the main driving mechanisms of solar CMEs. Suppression of the torus instability, due to a confining background coronal magnetic field that decreases sufficiently slowly with height, may contribute to the lack of stellar CME detection. Here, we use the solar magnetic field as a template to estimate the vertical extent of this ‘torus-stable zone’ (TSZ) above a stellar active region. For an idealized potential field model comprising the fields of a local bipole (mimicking a pair of starspots) and a global dipole, we show that the upper bound of the TSZ increases with the bipole size, the dipole strength, and the source surface radius where the coronal field becomes radial. The boundaries of the TSZ depend on the interplay between the spots’ and the dipole’s magnetic fields, which provide the local- and global-scale confinement, respectively. They range from about half the bipole size to a significant fraction of the stellar radius. For smaller spots and an intermediate dipole field, a secondary TSZ arises at a higher altitude, which may increase the likelihood of ‘failed eruptions’. Our results suggest that the low apparent CME occurrence rate on cool stars is, at least partially, due to the presence of extended TSZs.
Single frequency CMB B-mode inference with realistic foregrounds from a single training image
Authors: Jeffrey Niall , Boulanger François , Wandelt Benjamin D , Regaldo-Saint Blancard Bruno , Allys Erwan , Levrier François 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
With a single training image and using wavelet phase harmonic augmentation, we present polarized Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) foreground marginalization in a high-dimensional likelihood-free (Bayesian) framework. We demonstrate robust foreground removal using only a single frequency of simulated data for a BICEP-like sky patch. Using Moment Networks, we estimate the pixel-level posterior probability for the underlying {E, B} signal and validate the statistical model with a quantile-type test using the estimated marginal posterior moments. The Moment Networks use a hierarchy of U-Net convolutional neural networks. This work validates such an approach in the most difficult limiting case: pixel-level, noise-free, highly non-Gaussian dust foregrounds with a single training image at a single frequency. For a real CMB experiment, a small number of representative sky patches would provide the training data required for full cosmological inference. These results enable robust likelihood-free, simulation-based parameter, and model inference for primordial B-mode detection using observed CMB polarization data.
Modeling Sequence-Space Exploration and Emergence of Epistatic Signals in Protein Evolution
Authors: Bisardi Matteo , Rodriguez-Rivas Juan , Zamponi Francesco , Weigt Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During their evolution, proteins explore sequence space via an interplay between random mutations and phenotypic selection. Here, we build upon recent progress in reconstructing data-driven fitness landscapes for families of homologous proteins, to propose stochastic models of experimental protein evolution. These models predict quantitatively important features of experimentally evolved sequence libraries, like fitness distributions and position-specific mutational spectra. They also allow us to efficiently simulate sequence libraries for a vast array of combinations of experimental parameters like sequence divergence, selection strength, and library size. We showcase the potential of the approach in reanalyzing two recent experiments to determine protein structure from signals of epistasis emerging in experimental sequence libraries. To be detectable, these signals require sufficiently large and sufficiently diverged libraries. Our modeling framework offers a quantitative explanation for different outcomes of recently published experiments. Furthermore, we can forecast the outcome of time- and resource-intensive evolution experiments, opening thereby a way to computationally optimize experimental protocols.
A distinct complex of PRP19-related and trypanosomatid-specific proteins is required for pre-mRNA splicing in trypanosomes
Authors: Srivastava Ankita , Ambrósio Daniela L , Tasak Monika , Gosavi Ujwala , Günzl Arthur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The pre-mRNA splicing factor PRP19 is recruited into the spliceosome after forming the PRP19/CDC5L complex in humans and the Nineteen complex in yeast. Additionally, ‘PRP19-related’ proteins enter the spliceosome individually or in pre-assemblies that differ in these systems. The protistan family Trypanosomatidae, which harbors parasites such as Trypanosoma brucei, diverged early during evolution from opisthokonts. While introns are rare in these organisms, spliced leader trans splicing is an obligatory step in mRNA maturation. So far, ∼70 proteins have been identified as homologs of human and yeast splicing factors. Moreover, few proteins of unknown function have recurrently co-purified with splicing proteins. Here we silenced the gene of one of these proteins, termed PRC5, and found it to be essential for cell viability and pre-mRNA splicing. Purification of PRC5 combined with sucrose gradient sedimentation revealed a complex of PRC5 with a second trypanosomatid-specific protein, PRC3, and PRP19-related proteins SYF1, SYF3 and ISY1, which we named PRP19-related complex (PRC). Importantly, PRC and the previously described PRP19 complex are distinct from each other because PRC, unlike PRP19, co-precipitates U4 snRNA, which indicates that PRC enters the spliceosome prior to PRP19 and uncovers a unique pre-organization of these proteins in trypanosomes.
Volumetric measurements are preferred in the evaluation of mutant IDH inhibition in non-enhancing diffuse gliomas: Evidence from a phase I trial of ivosidenib
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M , Kim Grace Hyun J , Brown Matt , Lee Jihey , Salamon Noriko , Steelman Lori , Hassan Islam , Pandya Shuchi S , Chun Saewon , Linetsky Michael , Yoo Bryan , Wen Patrick Y , Mellinghoff Ingo K , Goldin Jonathan , Cloughesy Timothy F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Since IDH-mutant (mIDH) low-grade gliomas (LGGs) progress slowly and have a relatively long survival, there is a significant need for earlier measurements of clinical benefit. Guidance using the LGG RANO criteria recommends serial bidirectional (2D) measurements on a single slice; however, questions remain as to whether volumetric (3D) measurements are better, since they would allow for more accurate measurements in irregular shaped lesions and allow readers to better assess areas of subtle change.

Methods
Twenty-one (out of 24) non-enhancing, recurrent mIDH1 LGGs were enrolled in a phase I, multicenter, open-label study of oral ivosidenib (NCT02073994), and with imaging pre- and post-treatment as part of this exploratory ad hoc analysis. 2D and 3D measurements on T2-weighted FLAIR images were centrally evaluated at an imaging contract research organization using a paired read and forced adjudication paradigm. The effects of 2D vs 3D measurements on progression-free survival (PFS), growth rate measurement variability, and reader concordance and adjudication rates were quantified.

Results
3D volumetric measurements showed significantly longer estimated PFS (P = .0181), more stable (P = .0063) and considerably slower measures of tumor growth rate (P = .0037), the highest inter-reader agreement (weighted kappa = 0.7057), and significantly lower reader discordance rates (P = .0002) with 2D LGG RANO.

Conclusion
3D volumetric measurements are better for determining response assessment in LGGs due to more stable measures of tumor growth rates (ie, less “yo-yo-ing” of measurements over time), highest inter-reader agreement, and lowest reader discordance rates. Continued evaluation in future studies is warranted to determine whether these measurements reflect clinical benefit.
Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Poulter Benjamin , Knox Sara , Stavert Ann , McNicol Gavin , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Feinberg Aryeh , Zhao Yuanhong , Bousquet Philippe , Canadell Josep G , Ganesan Anita , Hugelius Gustaf , Hurtt George , Jackson Robert B , Patra Prabir K , Saunois Marielle , Höglund-Isaksson Lena , Huang Chunlin , Chatterjee Abhishek , Li Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH4 growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH4 either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH4 source estimates and isotopic δ13C-CH4 source signature data to show that the resumption of CH4 growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ13C-CH4 values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH4 models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH4 concentrations.
An Analysis of Inpatient Tobacco Use Treatment Transition to Telehealth
Authors: Shoenbill Kimberly A , Newcomer Eiman , Valcourt-Hall Celeslie , Baca-Atlas Michael H , Smith Caleb A , Goldstein Adam O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many tobacco users increased their tobacco use, and calls to quitlines decreased. Among inpatients, the pandemic also necessitated a rapid transition of intensive tobacco use counseling to telehealth counseling. No data exist comparing the outcomes of telehealth inpatient counseling with in-person (pre-telehealth) counseling.

Aims and Methods
We examined inpatient data from a large tobacco treatment program (TTP) during two comparable time periods 04/01/2019–09/30/2019 (pre-telehealth) and 04/01/2020–09/30/2020 (telehealth). The pre-telehealth and telehealth populations were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test for homogeneity on each populations’ patient, visit, and medication acceptance characteristics. Reach to “current tobacco users” was analyzed using TTP flowsheet and electronic health record (EHR) data in relation to aggregate EHR data in the data warehouse.

Results
Mean monthly tobacco treatment inpatient counseling and outreach visits increased 38.9% in the telehealth period (M = 376, SD = 36.7) compared with the pre-telehealth period (M = 271, SD = 50.0) (t(10) = 3.8, p = .004). Reach significantly increased from 32.8% to 65.9% among all “current tobacco users” admitted, including 31.8% to 66.6% in races at higher risk for COVID-19 severe disease. Pearson’s chi-square tests for homogeneity showed significant differences in the pre-telehealth and telehealth population distributions for age, visit type, ethnicity, and medication acceptance.

Conclusions
This study offers the first understanding of characteristics of patients, visits, and medication acceptances in pre-telehealth and telehealth tobacco use treatment for inpatient populations. Larger reach and counseling were identified in the telehealth population. This study’s findings on inpatient tobacco use treatment can inform future reach and engagement of large numbers of patients who use tobacco products.

Implications
This study provides the first analysis of inpatient tobacco use treatment transition to telehealth delivery of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition resulted in increases in reach and cessation counseling. These findings can inform efforts to improve reach, engagement, and research on telehealth delivery of inpatient tobacco use treatment.
What Factors are Associated With Waterpipe Smoking Cessation? A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Shtaiwi Ahmad , Siddiqui Faraz , Kanaan Mona , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWaterpipe smoking is gaining popularity and becoming a major global public health concern. An understanding of factors that predict waterpipe smoking cessation is necessary for targeting tobacco control efforts.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of varenicline against placebo in helping waterpipe smokers to quit. A total of 510 adult daily waterpipe smokers were recruited to the trial in 2016. Logistic regression models were applied to assess factors (i.e., demographic, environmental, behavioral, and physiological) associated with primary outcome (waterpipe smoking cessation) and secondary outcomes (waterpipe cessation alongside abstinence from cigarette and short-term and long-term waterpipe smoking cessation). Cessation was defined as 7-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking reported at 5,12, and/or 25 weeks follow-ups.ResultsOver a period of six months, 189 (39.2%) participants abstained from waterpipe smoking for at least one week. Being male (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):2.99 (95%CI:1.47–6.08)), dual smoker (waterpipe and cigarettes) (aOR:2.98 (95%CI:1.87–4.74)), more withdrawal symptoms measured by the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (aOR:1.08 (95%CI:1.02–1.13)), less nicotine dependency measured by Lebanon Waterpipe Dependency Scale (aOR:0.90 (95%CI:0.85–0.96)), having a history of quit attempt (aOR:2.14 (95%CI:1.16–3.96)), smoking restriction in the house (aOR:2.69 (95%CI:1.01–7.14)), and not sharing waterpipe with others (aOR:2.72 (95%CI:1.31–5.66)) predicted waterpipe smoking cessation.ConclusionsIn addition to nicotine dependency, social factors such as home restrictions on smoking, and not sharing waterpipe were identified as predictors of waterpipe smoking cessation. To help waterpipe smokers quit, social environment may be just as or even more important than well-known physical and psychological factors.ImplicationsA range of factors, predominantly social factors play a significant role in facilitating or deterring waterpipe smokers from quitting smoking. Our findings suggest that interventions that focus on social as well as physical/psychological factors may encourage waterpipe smokers in achieving abstinence.
Repercussions of intermittent fasting on the intestinal microbiota community and body composition: a systematic review
Authors: Pinto Flaydson C S , Silva Amanda A M , Souza Sandra L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContextSeveral therapies have been tested for combating weight gain and obesity-related metabolic diseases, and among these therapies, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained a great deal of interest.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide the reader with a current survey of IF protocols and an understanding of the outcomes found to date in terms of the profile of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in obese organisms.Data SourcesData were obtained from 4 databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, LILACs, and Web of Science.Data ExtractionData from studies relating IF protocols to the microbiota and weight loss were extracted using a protocol in START program.Data AnalysisOf the 82 original articles identified from the databases, 35 were eliminated due to duplication, and 32 were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria. Two additional articles found in a new search were added, yielding a total of 17 studies to be included in this review. Among the protocols, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) were the most common, and they were shown to have different mechanisms of metabolic signaling. TRF influences weight control and biochemical parameters by regulating the circadian system, and improving satiety control systems by acting on leptin secretion. On the other hand, ADF leads to a reduction of ±75% of all energy consumption regardless of dietary composition in addition to promoting hormonal adjustments that promote weight control. Furthermore, both protocols showed the ability to remodel the IM by changing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of strains such as Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia m. that have a protective effect on metabolism against the effects of weight gain.ConclusionIn short, the ADF and TRF protocols have a positive effect on the remodeling of the IM and can possibly be used to control body adiposity, improve insulin sensitivity, and achieve other obesity-related metabolic changes.
Healthcare Utilization Patterns for Patients with a History of Substance Use Requiring OPAT
Authors: Ashraf Bilal , Hoff Emily , Brown L Steven , Smartt Jillian , Mathew Sheryl , Bird Cylaina , Collins Ryan , Johnson David , Marambage Kapila , Bhavan Kavita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Uninsured people who use drugs (PWUD) require extended parenteral antibiotic therapy when diagnosed with complex infections such as osteomyelitis. They are ineligible to enroll in our self-administered outpatient antimicrobial therapy (S-OPAT) program and instead sent to a skilled nursing facility (SNF). We aim to retrospectively assess clinical outcomes of PWUD discharged from our safety net hospital to complete OPAT in a SNF.

Methods
Using our hospital electronic medical record, PWUD and discharged to SNF for extended antibiotic therapy were identified for the study period 1/1/17 -4/30/18. Demographics, drug use, discharge diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, discharge disposition from SNF (AMA, early non-AMA, completed), 30-day emergency department (ED) utilization, and 30-day readmission were collected for the study cohort. ED-utilization and 30-day readmission rates were analyzed by disposition group.

Results
While the majority of patients completed treatment (83), a sizeable number left AMA (26) or early non-AMA (20) Patients who left early, AMA or non-AMA, had increased rates of 30-day readmission or ED-utilization (p=0.01), increased rates of 30-day readmission alone (p=0.01), but not ED-utilization alone (p=0.43) compared to patients who completed treatment.

Conclusions
In our cohort, many PWUD discharged to SNF to receive parenteral antibiotics do not complete treatment. These patients are observed to have increased healthcare utilization compared to patients completing therapy.