bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program Characteristics of Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments Versus Divisions
Authors: Soler Lisa Marie , Lopez Raymond A. , Hornbuckle Kyle J , Dabal Robert J , Chen Herbert , Xie Rongbing , Vardas Panos N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:The organizational structure of cardiothoracic surgery practices varies among different programs throughout the United States (U.S.). We aimed to investigate the characteristics of the top ranked programs within the specialty and the surgeons practicing within each.Methods: The top 50 hospitals for adult cardiology and heart surgery were identified using the US News and World Report 2019-20 ranking. There were 590 hospitals reported on, with 50 top rated programs. Data was collected from each hospital’s website, analyses conducted using SAS 9.4 with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results:When comparing cardiothoracic surgery program organizational structures, 21 of the top 50 ranked programs were departments and 24 were divisions within their respective Department of Surgery. Mean number of surgeons was 11 with no statistical difference when analyzed by division versus department. Overall, 9% of practicing cardiothoracic surgeons were female. Between programs that are a department versus division, general thoracic surgery was included in 58% of divisions and 52% of departments (p = ns). Among programs that were departments, approximately 6% of surgeons had attained a Ph.D., while in divisions approximately 4% of surgeons had attained a Ph.D. Conclusions:The top 50 Cardiothoracic Surgery programs in the U.S. have approximately the same number of surgeons within the group and are organized similarly. This study group had a slightly higher percentage of female surgeons than previously noted in cardiothoracic surgery, with general thoracic surgery trending toward higher gender diversity. The presence of physician scientists was low, though similar amongst the study groups.
DrugDevCovid19: An Atlas of Anti-COVID-19 Compounds Derived By Computer-Aided Drug Design
Authors: Liu Yang , Gan Jianhong , Wang Rongqi , Yang Xiaocong , Xiao Zhixiong , Cao Yang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, numerous compounds against COVID-19 have been derived by computer-aided drug design (CADD) studies. They are valuable resources for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics. In this work, we reviewed these studies and analyzed 779 compounds against 16 target proteins from 181 CADD publications. We performed unified docking simulations and neck-to-neck comparison with the solved co-crystal structures. We computed their chemical features and classified these compounds aiming to provide insights for subsequent drug design. Through detailed analyses, we recommended a batch of compounds that are worth further study. Moreover, we organized all the abundant data and constructed a freely available database, DrugDevCovid19 (http://clab.labshare.cn/covid/php/index.php), to facilitate the development of COVID-19 therapeutics.
Rapid increase of SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin-based combination treatment: 55-62% normalization within 12-24 hours
Authors: Stone Jacqueline C , Ndarukwa Pisirai , Scheim David E , Dancis Barry M , Dancis Jerry , Gill Martin G , Aldous Colleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background. The emergence of COVID-19 in March 2020 challenged Zimbabwe to mount a response with limited medical facilities and therapeutic options. Ivermectin (IVM) had by then been safely used to treat a variety of human diseases affecting millions, as noted by the Nobel Committee in awarding its 2015 prize for medicine. Based upon early clinical indications of efficacy against COVID-19, IVM-based combination treatments were deployed to treat this infection in Zimbabwe.Methods. Data were retrospectively analyzed for 34 severe COVID-19 patients treated with IVM-based combination therapy between August 2020 and May 2021, for whom pre- and post-treatment SpO2 values were all recorded on room air. Mortality and deterioration outcomes were also analyzed for a larger set of 92 severe COVID-19 patients receiving IVM-based treatment.Results: For the 34-patient SpO2 tracking series, all but two patients had significantly increased SpO2 values after the first IVM dose, and all patients recovered. Mean increases in SpO2 as percentages of full normalization to SpO2=97 were 55.1% at +12 hours and 62.3% at +24 hours post-treatment. These results paralleled similar sharp increases in SpO2, all on room air, for a series of 24 RT-qPCR confirmed, mostly severe COVID-19 patients in the USA (California) who were given IVM combination treatment, all of whom recovered. For 19 of those patients having SpO2 ≤ 90 prior to IVM, the mean SpO2 normalization at +24 hours post-treatment was 65.2% as calculated from the SpO2 values reported. For our larger series of 92 severe COVID-19 patients in Zimbabwe, median age 53, only two died and two more deteriorated prior to recovery, far less than a predicted 7 deaths and 17 deteriorations for the demographics and risk factors of these patients.Conclusions. The rapid, marked increases in SpO2 for both the Zimbabwe and California patients stand in sharp contrast to the decline in SpO2 and associated pulmonary function following onset of moderate or severe COVID-19 symptoms under standard care. These rapid SpO2 increases and low mortality rates support extended deployment of IVM treatment for COVID-19, complementary to immunizations for prevention.
Home Care Practices of Cancer Caregivers and the Effect of Perceived Social Support on Care Burden
Authors: Ulgen Tuba , Uğur Özlem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Caregivers have to manage tasks at home such as providing management of the patient’s follow-up. Social support is known to have protective effects, especially for family members and caregivers for cancer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of care on home care and perceived social support on cancer burden. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the Chemotherapy Day Treatment Unit of a University Research and Application Hospital. a 222 patients were included in the study. In this study, Caregiver and Patient Identification Form, Caregiver's Home Care Practices Questionnaire Form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Perceived Multidimensional Social Support Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scales were used. The data of the study were collected by face-to-face interviews conducted with the caregivers. Results: In our research the social support level was found to be moderately adequate and had a mild maintenance burden. In our study, when the relationship between the multidimensional perceived social support scale scores and the Zarit care load scale scores is examined it was found that there was a significant relation between the perceived social support total scores of caregivers and the care burden scores in a weak and negative way (p <.01). Conclusion: It has been determined that the caregivers of cancer patients have taken care of their home care practices and the perceived lack of social support.
The Influence of Visual Objects and Music on Anxiety Levels of Breast Cancer Patients Scheduled to Experience Chemotherapy for the First Time: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: iriagac Yakup , Cavdar Eyyup , Karaboyun Kubilay , Avci Okan , Tuna Nehir , Seber Erdogan Selcuk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of music together with attractive visual objects as an ambiance in the waiting room on anxiety levels of breast cancer patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy in outpatient setting for the first time.Material and MethodBreast cancer patients planned to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the first time between November 1st, 2020 and July 31st, 2021 were included. Two designs, including a standard waiting room (StWR) and an intervention waiting room (IWR) that was created by adding music and visual objects to the standard room were constructed. These 2 designs were repeated sequentially in monthly periods and a total of 104 patients with 52 in each group were randomized. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs) were used for assessments. Results of the patients in StWR and IWR groups were compared.ResultsBoth HADs anxiety and STAI-state anxiety scale scores were lower in patients who waited in IWR compared to those who waited in StWR (p=0.041, p=0.012, respectively). In patients in the IWR group, mean heart rate was lower by 7.6 bpm (p=0.009). No difference was found between the groups with regard to HADs depression score and STAI-trait anxiety score (p=0.305, p=0.535, respectively). For all patients, HADs anxiety scale (r=0.400, p=<0.001) and STAI-state anxiety scale (r=0.475, p=<0.001) scores increased as the waiting time increased.Discussion and ConclusionThe present study is the first to investigate the influence of adding music together with attractive visual objects to the standard ambiance of the chemotherapy waiting room on anxiety levels of breast cancer patients. We propose that introduction of paintings, artificial plants, and music to the ambiance of the waiting room has a significantly positive effect on alleviating anxiety levels of cancer patients waiting for chemotherapy.
The Pacific Decadal Precession and its Relationship to Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Rogers Matthew H. , Furtado Jason , Anderson Bruce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Persistent, multi-year shifts in atmospheric circulations and their associated influence on regional climates have profound impacts on physical, biological, and socioeconomic systems. The Pacific Decadal Precession (PDP), an atmospheric mode of variability consisting of a lower tropospheric height dipole which rotates counterclockwise over several years in the North Pacific, describes a series of such shifts in atmospheric circulations. One phase of the PDP, the north-south (N-S) phase, is hypothesized to be partially driven by central tropical Pacific (CP) sea surface temperature (SST) variability, but robust assessment of this dynamical connection in climate models remains to be done. In this study, we investigate this hypothesis with analyses in both reanalysis and selected models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) archive. We show that the emergence of the N-S phase is both related to and influenced by tropical Pacific decadal SST variability, specifically variability associated with CP El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. When examining the CMIP6 model output, we find that most models cannot recover the characteristic cyclonic precession of the dipoles of the PDP, instead featuring only amplitude and sign changes of the N-S phase, Moreover, the models do not replicate the dynamical connections between the tropical Pacific and this North Pacific mode. Our results suggest that primary reasons for this inconsistency are that models inaccurately simulate both the SST pattern associated with the PDP, shared low-frequency power associated with CP ENSO events, and incorrect Rossby wavetrains emanating from the tropical Pacific into the North Pacific on quasi-decadal timescales. Taken together, our analyses offer another benchmark by which to test the fidelity of the climate model simulations in capturing Pacific decadal climate variability in order to improve decadal-to-centennial climate projections.
In diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, non-coding RNA expression is significantly varied dependent on overall survival
Authors: Rucha  , S Vijay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a kind of pediatric brain cancer that kills 99 percent of patients within five years and for which there are no conventional chemotherapies. It is crucial for new treatments to comprehend the cancer's transcriptional activity. Using a published dataset, we compared the transcriptomes of tumors from patients who lived longer or less than six months. Among the genes whose expression changed most, we observed that numerous microRNAs and snoRNAs were present. The publication's findings are the first evidence of variable levels of non-coding RNA expression in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
Design and Optimization of a Novel-Herbosomal Loaded PEG-Poloxamer Topical Formulation For the Treatment of Cold Injuries: A Quality By Design Approach
Authors: Yadav Renu Bala , Pathak Dharam Pal , Varshney Rajeev , Arora Rajesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cold injury/injuries can range from minor chilblain to extreme form of frostbite. Cold injuries are pathologically a combination of ice crystal formation in tissue with inflammation, thrombosis and ischemia to extremities, necessitating limb amputation in extreme cases due to tissue necrosis. Less severe forms of cold injuries can be managed by gentle rewarming of limb and avoiding exposure to cold leading to favorable outcomes, however severe forms of frostbite are a cause of major concern to patients as well as the treating physician. Due to lack of effective pre-treatment modalities and paucity of research in prophylaxis and therapeutics of cold injuries, we have developed a novel-herbosomal loaded PEG-Poloxamer topical formulation (n-HPTF) by Quality by Designed approach, incorporating natural ingredients which are having potential therapeutic effect for the treatment of cold injury in a form of a novel-lipid vesicles (herbosomes) loaded in polymers (PEG-3350 and Poloxamer-188) resulting excellent occlusive barrier and thus promote rapid healing. Optimized novel-herbosomes showed entrapment efficiency > 90% and < 300 nm mean particle size and in-vitro drug permeation of about 2 µg/cm2 followed by Higuchi’s release kinetic. Skin irritancy study on female Sprague Dawley rats showed no edema or erythema. In-vivo bio-efficacy study was performed and found significantly good at p-value < 0.05 when compared to the standard treatment groups.
Corruption Control, Renewable-led Energy Transition and Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data of Multi-countries
Authors: Wang Yongpei , Yang Jieru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the carbon emission reduction effect of anti-corruption mediated by renewable-led energy transition based on the panel data of 98 countries from 1996 to 2015. Since the mediation model is estimated by estimating a series of multiple regression equations, the total, direct and indirect effects can be separated out to clarify the conduction path between corruption control, renewable energy and carbon emissions. Owing to confirmation of the Sobel-Goodman mediation tests, renewable energy acts as a significant mediator through which corruption control contributes to emission reduction, regardless of the indicator is total carbon emissions, carbon emissions per capita or carbon emission intensity. For policymakers and regulators, there needs to be more emphasis on eliminating corruption in the increased penetration of renewable energy and not being seduced by traditional lobbyists. Particularly for developing countries, the effective way to reduce emissions is to remove institutional barriers in priority areas including the energy and resources sectors to cleaner-oriented energy transition.
Research On the Multiscale Characteristics of the Early Spring Temperature and Response To Climate Indices Over the Past 179 Years in the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Zhang Chenhua , Wang Jiachuan , Li Shuheng , Hou Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Examination of the periodic differences in temperature in the Qinling Mountains at different time scales is highly important in research on the long-term evolution of the regional climate system and ecological environment. Based on February-April temperature data from 1835 to 2013 obtained at 27 weather stations in the Qinling Mountains reconstructed through tree rings, the multiscale characteristics of the early spring temperature time series on the southern and northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains and the response to climate signals were analyzed. The results indicate that the early spring temperature in the Qinling Mountains exhibits significant periodic characteristics on multiple time scales. Reconstruction at the different time scales reveals that the interannual scale change in the temperature variation on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains plays a decisive role. The temperature on the northern slope exhibits a higher amplitude at the interannual and interdecadal scales than does that on the southern slope, and temporal differences occur at the quasi-century scale. The temperature achieves the strongest correlation with the original Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) sequence during the entire study period. In addition, the different time scales reveal that there exists a significant response relationship between the temperature at the interannual scale and the May sea temperature in the NINO3.4 area, which lags by one year. At the different time scales and various time ranges, the Qinling early spring temperature responds differently to the climate signals, which is an important factor leading to a lower correlation during the entire study period.
Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life of People who Eat Alone
Authors: Lee Eunmi , Han Kuem Sun , Cho Jeonghyun , Kim Taeyoun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The Andersen model was utilized to identify differences in the predictors of quality of life (QOL) between people who eat alone and those who do not. Methods: Data of 5,432 adults who responded to a question about having company for meals from the 2016 KNHANES were analyzed. Using the Andersen model, the parameters were classified into predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors, and health behaviors; differences in the influences of each parameter category on QOL, depending on company during meals, were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Individuals who ate alone included higher percentages of older women living alone, people with no medical aid or private insurance membership, low education and income, more chronic diseases, poorer perceived health, activity restrictions and unmet health care needs, and smoking and drinking, and lower health examination rates. Differences in the predictors of each domain of health-related QOL (HRQOL) were analyzed according to the absence of company during meals. Perceived health status was a predictor of all domains of HRQOL regardless of eating alone or not; age, activity restrictions, sex, and number of chronic diseases predicted two to four domains of QOL. Factors predicting QOL only among individuals who ate alone were sex (mobility, self-care, and usual activities), number of chronic diseases and health examination (pain/discomfort), and private insurance membership (anxiety/depression). Conclusion: The results verify the potential of using the Andersen model for measuring HRQOL. These findings highlight the need for tailored welfare services, social policies, and programs for people who eat without company.
Comprehensive Modeling and Molecular Docking of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Authors: khosravi zahra , baher elham , gharaghani sajad , ehsani salma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the biological activity of some pharmaceutical molecules was investigated and predicted by using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and molecular docking. The aim of this study is to apply QSAR and molecular docking methods to predict and calculate the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10A. To apply QSAR method at first multiple linear regression (MLR), genetic algorithm (GA), and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were used to select the best descriptors related to PDE 10A inhibitory activity. The selected descriptors were then applied as inputs to construct MLR and a non-linear support vector machine (SVM). Also we used molecular docking method to extract the descriptors and then by using MLR and SVM methods a linear and non-linear models developed respectively. Consequently, a comparison of the results of QSAR and docking study indicated that the non-linear SVM-SPA2 in QSAR study and SVM-MLR in molecular docking study had a much better prediction power than the other models. Finally, the Y-scrambling and cross-validation tests were used to evaluate the validity of the obtained model and the results of these tests indicates that the model is appropriate for using in prediction.
Relationship Among Health-Related Quality of Life and Autosomal Ancestry, Clinical and Socioeconomic Factors In Type 1 Diabetes in an Admixed Brazilian Population.
Authors: Azulay Rossana Sousa , Lago Débora , Santos Glaucia Abreu Silva , Tavares Maria da Gloria , Rodrigues Vandilson , Magalhães Marcelo , Reis Roberta Ferreira , Nunes Nayara , de Almeida Ana Gregória Ferreira Pereira , Sá Adriana Guimarães , Nascimento Gilvan , Damianse Sabrina , Rocha Viviane , Silva Dayse Aparecida , Gomes Marília Brito , Faria Manuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease of an autoimmune character that affects the quality of life of patients in different degrees. Race and socioeconomic differences directly affect glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate the Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients an admixed Brazilian population, and to identify the variables influencing this condition.METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Hospital-Federal University of Maranhão Endocrinology Service with 152 T1D patients between 2017 and 2018. HRQoL information was obtained from two self-completed questionnaires: Short Form-6 dimensions and EuroQol-5 dimensions with visual analog scale. For inference of autosomal ancestry, a panel of 46 autosomal informational insertion/deletion ancestry markers (AIM–Indels) was used. Demographic information, socioeconomic data, presence of chronic complications, glycemic control level, and type of treatment were collected.RESULTS: In the study, the patients who had good HRQoL were characterized as follows: male, under 18 years old, single, with average of 11 years of schooling, had health insurance, with less than 5 years of diagnosis, practiced physical activity, experienced no hypoglycemia in the last 30 days, reported no chronic complications (retinopathy and nephropathy), participant in several group educational activities, used analogous insulin, monitored blood glucose, showed maximum treatment adherence, and came from the secondary service. Autosomal ancestry and self-reported color/race did not show influence on HRQoL indexes.CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to measure the HRQoL, autosomal ancestry and recognize the impact of T1D on patients' lives in the State of Maranhão, Northeast of Brazil. The results validate the need to provide T1D patients with continuous training on self-management and self-monitoring, seeking better results in metabolic control and consequently, in the prevention of acute and chronic complications to generate positive impacts on the quality of life of this population. In addition, reinforcing physical activity at each appointment should be part of the health team’s routine. We understand that ethnicity in a highly mixed population like ours did not influence the quality of life of these patients.