bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chances and challenges of a long-term data repository in multiple sclerosis: 20th birthday of the German MS registry
Authors: Ohle Lisa-Marie , Ellenberger David , Flachenecker Peter , Friede Tim , Haas Judith , Hellwig Kerstin , Parciak Tina , Warnke Clemens , Paul Friedemann , Zettl Uwe K. , Stahmann Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2001, the German Multiple Sclerosis Society, facing lack of data, founded the German MS Registry (GMSR) as a long-term data repository for MS healthcare research. By the establishment of a network of participating neurological centres of different healthcare sectors across Germany, GMSR provides observational real-world data on long-term disease progression, sociodemographic factors, treatment and the healthcare status of people with MS. This paper aims to illustrate the framework of the GMSR. Structure, design and data quality processes as well as collaborations of the GMSR are presented. The registry’s dataset, status and results are discussed. As of 08 January 2021, 187 centres from different healthcare sectors participate in the GMSR. Following its infrastructure and dataset specification upgrades in 2014, more than 196,000 visits have been recorded relating to more than 33,000 persons with MS (PwMS). The GMSR enables monitoring of PwMS in Germany, supports scientific research projects, and collaborates with national and international MS data repositories and initiatives. With its recent pharmacovigilance extension, it aligns with EMA recommendations and helps to ensure early detection of therapy-related safety signals.
Pulmonary adverse drug event data in hypertension with implications on COVID-19 morbidity
Authors: Jaberi-Douraki Majid , Meyer Emma , Riviere Jim , Gedara Nuwan Indika Millagaha , Kawakami Jessica , Wyckoff Gerald J. , Xu Xuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHypertension is a recognized comorbidity for COVID-19. The association of antihypertensive medications with outcomes in patients with hypertension is not fully described. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), responsible for host entry of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leading to COVID-19, is postulated to be upregulated in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Here, we evaluated the occurrence of pulmonary adverse drug events (ADEs) in patients with hypertension receiving ACEIs/ARBs to determine if disparities exist between individual drugs within the respective classes using data from the FDA Spontaneous Reporting Systems. For this purpose, we proposed the proportional reporting ratio to provide a statistical summary for the commonality of an ADE for a specific drug as compared to the entire database for drugs in the same or other classes. In addition, a statistical procedure, multiple logistic regression analysis, was employed to correct hidden confounders when causative covariates are underreported or untrusted to correct analyses of drug-ADE combinations. To date, analyses have been focused on drug classes rather than individual drugs which may have different ADE profiles depending on the underlying diseases present. A retrospective analysis of thirteen pulmonary ADEs showed significant differences associated with quinapril and trandolapril, compared to other ACEIs and ARBs. Specifically, quinapril and trandolapril were found to have a statistically significantly higher incidence of pulmonary ADEs compared with other ACEIs as well as ARBs (P < 0.0001) for group comparison (i.e., ACEIs vs. ARBs vs. quinapril vs. trandolapril) and (P ≤ 0.0007) for pairwise comparison (i.e., ACEIs vs. quinapril, ACEIs vs. trandolapril, ARBs vs. quinapril, or ARBs vs. trandolapril). This study suggests that specific members of the ACEI antihypertensive class (quinapril and trandolapril) have a significantly higher cluster of pulmonary ADEs.
Limited intestinal inflammation despite diarrhea, fecal viral RNA and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in patients with acute COVID-19
Authors: Britton Graham J. , Chen-Liaw Alice , Cossarini Francesca , Livanos Alexandra E. , Spindler Matthew P. , Plitt Tamar , Eggers Joseph , Mogno Ilaria , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana S. , Siu Sophia , Tankelevich Michael , Grinspan Lauren Tal , Dixon Rebekah E. , Jha Divya , van de Guchte Adriana , Khan Zenab , Martinez-Delgado Gustavo , Amanat Fatima , Hoagland Daisy A. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Dubinsky Marla C. , Merad Miriam , van Bakel Harm , Krammer Florian , Bongers Gerold , Mehandru Saurabh , Faith Jeremiah J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients but the nature of the gut immune response to SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly characterized, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining biopsy specimens from infected individuals. In lieu of tissue samples, we measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition, and antibody responses in stool samples from a cohort of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool of 41% of patients and more frequently in patients with diarrhea. Patients who survived had lower fecal viral RNA than those who died. Strains isolated from stool and nasopharynx of an individual were the same. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients had higher fecal levels of IL-8 and lower levels of fecal IL-10. Stool IL-23 was higher in patients with more severe COVID-19 disease, and we found evidence of intestinal virus-specific IgA responses associated with more severe disease. We provide evidence for an ongoing humeral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract, but little evidence of overt inflammation.
Melanoma reactive TCR-modified T cells generated without activation retain a less differentiated phenotype and mediate a superior in vivo response
Authors: Wang Siao-Yi , Moore Tamson V. , Dalheim Annika V. , Scurti Gina M. , Nishimura Michael I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdoptive T cell therapy with T cell receptor (TCR)-modified T cells has shown promise in treating metastatic melanoma and other malignancies. However, studies are needed to improve the efficacy and durability of responses of TCR-modified T cells. Standard protocols for generating TCR-modified T cells involve activating T cells through CD3 stimulation to allow for the efficient transfer of tumor-reactive receptors with viral vectors. T cell activation results in terminal differentiation and shortening of telomeres, which are likely suboptimal for therapy. In these studies, we demonstrate efficient T cell transduction with the melanoma-reactive TIL1383I TCR through culturing with interleukin 7 (IL-7) in the absence of CD3 activation. The TIL1383I TCR-modified T cells generated following IL-7 culture were enriched with naïve (TN) and memory stem cell populations (TSCM) while maintaining longer telomere lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated melanoma-reactivity of TIL1383I TCR-modified cells generated following IL-7 culture using in vitro assays and a superior response in an in vivo melanoma model. These results suggest that utilizing IL-7 to generate TCR-modified T cells in the absence of activation is a feasible strategy to improve adoptive T cell therapies for melanoma and other malignancies.
Correlation between muscle architecture and anaerobic power in athletes involved in different sports
Authors: Lee Kyu-Lim , Oh Tae-Woong , Gil Young-Chun , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAthletes cultivate highly developed muscles based on their sport category, creating a body shape that matches the characteristics of that sports category. We tested the significance of the correlation between muscle development characteristics and anaerobic power in athletes to build a database for each category. Fifty-eight college athletes participated in this study. To assess muscle characteristics, muscle thickness (MT) and fascicle angle (FA) were measured by ultrasonography (US) in lower limb. Furthermore, anaerobic power was measured with the Wingate test. Analysis of the correlation between muscle structure and anaerobic power revealed significant differences between the sports categories, except for the MT of the medial head of gastrocnemius (Gm), lateral head of gastrocnemius, and FA of Gm. A significant difference was observed for all parameters, except for the arrival time to peak power in the anaerobic power items; in particular, a high degree of correlation in mean power/kg and peak power/kg was observed. A similar tendency was observed in the correlation between muscle structure and anaerobic power in most sports categories, but certain muscle characteristic factors were prominent in each sport. Based on these, it is possible to contribute to predicting and promoting athletic performance.
Frozen/thawed meat quality associated with muscle fiber characteristics of porcine longissimus thoracis et lumborum, psoas major, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles
Authors: Cheng Huilin , Song Sumin , Kim Gap-Don 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and the quality of frozen/thawed pork meat, four different muscles, M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), M. psoas major (PM), M. semimembranosus (SM), and M. semitendinosus (ST), were analyzed from twenty carcasses. Meat color values (lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma, and hue) changed due to freezing/thawing in LTL, which showed larger IIAX, IIX, and IIXB fibers than found in SM (P < 0.05). SM and ST showed a significant decrease in purge loss and an increase in shear force caused by freezing/thawing (P < 0.05). Compared with LTL, SM contains more type IIXB muscle fibers and ST had larger muscle fibers I and IIA (P < 0.05). PM was the most stable of all muscles, since only its yellowness and chroma were affected by freezing/thawing (P < 0.05). These results suggest that pork muscle fiber characteristics of individual cuts must be considered to avoid quality deterioration during frozen storage.
The impact of large and small dams on malaria transmission in four basins in Africa
Authors: Kibret Solomon , McCartney Matthew , Lautze Jonathan , Nhamo Luxon , Yan Guiyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExpansion of various types of water infrastructure is critical to water security in Africa. To date, analysis of adverse disease impacts has focused mainly on large dams. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of both small and large dams on malaria in four river basins in sub-Saharan Africa (i.e., the Limpopo, Omo-Turkana, Volta and Zambezi river basins). The European Commission’s Joint Research Center (JRC) Yearly Water Classification History v1.0 data set was used to identify water bodies in each of the basins. Annual malaria incidence data were obtained from the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) database for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. A total of 4907 small dams and 258 large dams in the four basins, with 14.7million people living close (< 5 km) to their reservoirs in 2015, were analysed. The annual number of malaria cases attributable to dams of either size across the four basins was 0.9–1.7 million depending on the year, of which between 77 and 85% was due to small dams. The majority of these cases occur in areas of stable transmission. Malaria incidence per kilometre of reservoir shoreline varied between years but for small dams was typically 2–7 times greater than that for large dams in the same basin. Between 2000 and 2015, the annual malaria incidence showed a broadly declining trend for both large and small dam reservoirs in areas of stable transmission in all four basins. In conclusion, the malaria impact of dams is far greater than previously recognized. Small and large dams represent hotspots of malaria transmission and, as such, should be a critical focus of future disease control efforts.
Post-match recovery profile of leukocyte cell subsets among professional soccer players
Authors: Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota , Wityk Paweł , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Nowak Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Twenty-two males (aged 18–30 years) took part in the 36-week study. Participants playing up to 540 in cumulative match time and less than 30 min in each single match during the observation period formed the control group. White blood cell (WBC) phenotyping and creatine kinase (CK) plasma activity analyses were performed. Also, counts for WBC subsets were determined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters or lymphocyte and NK cell percentages were observed between the control and study groups. Changes in the T cell percentage were significant during weeks 11 and 30 and in Th and Tc cell percentages during weeks 2 and 26. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. However, for the study group, correlations were found between cumulative match time and Th, Tc, and B cell percentages; CK activity; and the CK ratio. Our study suggests that the distribution of CD45+ cells might be a useful tool for monitoring the immune status of professional soccer players.
Human encroachment into wildlife gut microbiomes
Authors: Fackelmann Gloria , Gillingham Mark A. F. , Schmid Julian , Heni Alexander Christoph , Wilhelm Kerstin , Schwensow Nina , Sommer Simone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Anthropocene, humans, domesticated animals, wildlife, and their environments are interconnected, especially as humans advance further into wildlife habitats. Wildlife gut microbiomes play a vital role in host health. Changes to wildlife gut microbiomes due to anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat fragmentation, can disrupt natural gut microbiota homeostasis and make animals vulnerable to infections that may become zoonotic. However, it remains unclear whether the disruption to wildlife gut microbiomes is caused by habitat fragmentation per se or the combination of habitat fragmentation with additional anthropogenic disturbances, such as contact with humans, domesticated animals, invasive species, and their pathogens. Here, we show that habitat fragmentation per se does not impact the gut microbiome of a generalist rodent species native to Central America, Tome’s spiny ratProechimys semispinosus, but additional anthropogenic disturbances do. Indeed, compared to protected continuous and fragmented forest landscapes that are largely untouched by other human activities, the gut microbiomes of spiny rats inhabiting human-disturbed fragmented landscapes revealed a reduced alpha diversity and a shifted and more dispersed beta diversity. Their microbiomes contained more taxa associated with domesticated animals and their potential pathogens, suggesting a shift in potential metagenome functions. On the one hand, the compositional shift could indicate a degree of gut microbial adaption known as metagenomic plasticity. On the other hand, the greater variation in community structure and reduced alpha diversity may signal a decline in beneficial microbial functions and illustrate that gut adaption may not catch up with anthropogenic disturbances, even in a generalist species with large phenotypic plasticity, with potentially harmful consequences to both wildlife and human health.
Multi-year presence of humpback whales in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean but not during El Niño
Authors: Schall Elena , Thomisch Karolin , Boebel Olaf , Gerlach Gabriele , Mangia Woods Sari , El-Gabbas Ahmed , Van Opzeeland Ilse 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumpback whales are thought to undertake annual migrations between their low latitude breeding grounds and high latitude feeding grounds. However, under specific conditions, humpback whales sometimes change their migratory destination or skip migration overall. Here we document the surprising persistent presence of humpback whales in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during five years (2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, and 2018) using passive acoustic data. However, in the El Niño years 2015 and 2016, humpback whales were virtually absent. Our data show that humpback whales are systematically present in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and suggest that these whales are particularly sensitive to climate oscillations which have profound effects on winds, sea ice extent, primary production, and especially krill productivity.
A de novo transcriptional atlas in Danaus plexippus reveals variability in dosage compensation across tissues
Authors: Ranz José M. , González Pablo M. , Clifton Bryan D. , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor O. , Hernández-Cervantes Pablo L. , Palma-Martínez María J. , Valdivia Dulce I. , Jiménez-Kaufman Andrés , Lu Megan M. , Markow Therese A. , Abreu-Goodger Cei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA detailed knowledge of gene function in the monarch butterfly is still lacking. Here we generate a genome assembly from a Mexican nonmigratory population and used RNA-seq data from 14 biological samples for gene annotation and to construct an atlas portraying the breadth of gene expression during most of the monarch life cycle. Two thirds of the genes show expression changes, with long noncoding RNAs being particularly finely regulated during adulthood, and male-biased expression being four times more common than female-biased. The two portions of the monarch heterochromosomeZ, one ancestral to the Lepidoptera and the other resulting from a chromosomal fusion, display distinct association with sex-biased expression, reflecting sample-dependent incompleteness or absence of dosage compensation in the ancestral but not the novel portion of theZ. This study presents extended genomic and transcriptomic resources that will facilitate a better understanding of the monarch’s adaptation to a changing environment.
Improving data hiding within colour images using hue component of HSV colour space
Authors: Hassan Fatuma Saeid , Gutub Adnan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData hiding technologies aim to hide the existence of secret information within digital covers such as images by causing unnoticeable degradation to their quality. Reducing the image distortion and increasing the embedding capacity are the main points that the data hiding techniques revolved around. This article proposes two high payload embedding methods with high stego image quality using the Hue‐Saturation‐Value (HSV) colour model. The first method is hue‐based embedding (HBE) that employs the H plane for hiding one or two bits in non‐grey pixels. The second method uses the three HSV components, so it is called three‐planes embedding (TPE). In TPE, one bit is hidden in the least significant bit (LSB) of V of the grey pixels, one or two bits in H of the pixels having low saturation or low brightness and one bit in the LSB of S otherwise. The experiments were conducted on 25 images and the results show that HBE hides more data on average than TPE with its quality reaching 60 dB. TPE achieves quality up to 61 dB and capacity reaches 364 Kb. TPE scores the highest capacity among six state‐of‐the‐art techniques in Red‐Green‐Blue, HSV, Hue‐Saturation‐Intensity and YCbCr spaces with the highest average peak signal to noise ratio midst five of them. By embedding 60, 90, and 120 Kb, this TPE attains the best average quality amid all the methods.
Adaptive invariant Kalman filtering for attitude estimation on SO(3) thorough feedback calibration of prior error covariance
Authors: Wang Jiaolong , Li Minzhe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor invariant attitude dynamics evolving on matrix Lie groups, by proposing the stochastic feedback–based covariance calibration scheme, an adaptive invariant Kalman filter (AIKF) is elaborated to deal with the attitude estimation problems corrupted by unknown or inaccurate process noise statistics. The invariant Kalman filter (IKF) takes into account the geometry property of attitude dynamics and can boost the estimation performance; however, IKF requires accurate knowledge of the noise statistics and an incorrect noise parameter is prone to deteriorating the precision of final estimates. To eliminate this impact, instead of using the original covariance propagation step of IKF, the prior error covariance of the proposed AIKF is online calibrated based on the posterior information of the feedback stochastic sequence. As the main advantage, the statistics parameter of system process noise is no longer required in the proposed AIKF and the negative influence by unknown/incorrect noise parameters can be reduced significantly. The mathematical foundation for the new adaption scheme of AIKF is also presented. The AIKF's advantage in filtering adaptability and simplicity is further demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Study on six‐phase PMSM control strategy based on improved position sensorless detection technology
Authors: Gao Hanying , Zhang Guoqiang , Liu Xuechen , Wang Wenxue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe six‐phase motor control system has low torque ripple, low harmonic content, and high reliability; therefore, it is suitable for electric vehicles, aerospace and other applications requiring high power output and reliability. This study presents a superior sensorless control system for a six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The mathematical model of PMSM in stationary coordinate system is presented; its sliding mode observer (SMO) of back electromotive force (BEMF) acquires the motor speed and position information. As torque ripple and harmonic components affect the BEMF estimated value through the traditional SMO, the function of the frequency‐variable tracker of the stator current (FVTSC) is used instead of the traditional switching function. By improving the SMO method, the BEMF is estimated independently, and its precision is maintained under startup or variable‐speed states. To improve performance of the system, the auto disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is used to suppress load disturbance and speed overshoot. To reduce model parameters, an ADRC with sliding mode algorithm is proposed, simplifying the structure and simultaneously solving the parameter tuning problem. Finally, comparing the ADRC with FVTSC SMO and the traditional PI controller shows that the new ADRC effectively improves the dynamic and static performance of the PMSM.