bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of different Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning methods for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in the Upper Narmada Basin
Authors: Raikwar Vinay , Pagare Pramod , Abdulwahab Aminu , Agone Vikram , Patel Priyank Pravin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gully erosion (GE) is one of the most important mechanisms of soil loss worldwide. In this study, various machine learning techniques such as Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), have been used to ascertain gully erosion susceptibility (GES) in the Upper Narmada Basin (UNB). The mapping and analysis was achieved using R programming and ArcGIS 10.8 software. Initially, a gully inventory map (GIM) of 1501 gully locations was prepared from Sentinel-2 and Google Earth images and extensive field surveys. Out of the 1501 gullies in the study area, 1051 gully locations (about 70%) were used for training and 450 gully locations (about 30%) were used for validating the models. For GES modeling, 12 gully conditioning factors (GCFs) were used and the relationships between these GCFs and gully erosion were evaluated. The GES maps were prepared using the CART, RF and ANN models and divided into three susceptibility-based classes: low, moderately and highly susceptible GE classes. A large part of the study area was found to be highly susceptible to GE. Subsequent validation tests proved the high efficacy of these models in ascertaining the GES. The RF model was found to perform best compared to the others in this respect with an AUC-ROC value of 0.78. This model can therefore be used not only in the UNB but in other such areas to evaluate the GES zones and thereby aid in framing suitable measures to mitigate soil loss through gully erosion.
Complement Protein C3 Loss leads to Locomotor Deficits and Altered Cerebellar Internal Granule Cell In Vitro Synaptic Protein Expression in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bonasera Stephen J. , DeKorver Nicholas W. , Chaudoin Tammy R. , Zhao Gang , Wang Dong , Arikkath Jyothi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Complement 3 (C3) expression is increased in the cerebellum of aging mice that demonstrate locomotor impairments and increased excitatory synapse density. However, C3 regulation of locomotion, as well as C3 roles in excitatory synapse function, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive loss of C3 function in mice evokes a locomotor phenotype characterized by decreased speed, increased active state locomotor probability, and gait ataxia. C3 loss does not alter metabolism or body mass composition. No evidence of significant muscle weakness or degenerative arthritis was found in C3 knockout mice to explain decreased gait speeds. In an enriched primary cerebellar granule cell culture model, loss of C3 protein results in increased excitatory synaptic density and increased response to KCl depolarization. Our analysis of excitatory synaptic density in the cerebellar internal granule cell and molecular layers did not demonstrate increased synaptic density in vivo, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms regulating synaptic development. Functional deficits in C3 knockout mice are therefore more likely to result from altered synaptic function and/or connectivity than gross synaptic deficits. Our data demonstrate a novel role for complement proteins in regulation of locomotor function and proper organization of cerebellar neuronal networks.
The challenges of integrating signposting into general practice: qualitative stakeholder perspectives on care navigation and social prescribing in primary care
Authors: Brunton Lisa , Tazzyman Abigail , Ferguson Jane , Hodgson Damian , Nelson Pauline A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
A national policy focus in England to address general practice workforce issues has led to a commitment to employ significant numbers of non-GP roles to redistribute workload. This paper focuses on two such roles: the care navigation (CN) and social prescribing link worker (SPLW) roles, which both aim to introduce ‘active signposting’ into primary care, to direct patients to the right professional/services at the right time and free up GP time. There is a lack of research exploring staff views of how these roles are being planned and operationalised into general practice and how signposting is being integrated into primary care.
Methods
The design uses in-depth qualitative methods to explore a wide range of stakeholder staff views. We generated a purposive sample of 34 respondents who took part in 17 semi-structured interviews and one focus group (service leads, role holders and host general practice staff). We analysed data using a Template Analysis approach.
Results
Three key themes highlight the challenges of operationalising signposting into general practice: 1) Role perception – signposting was made challenging by the way both roles were perceived by others (e.g. among the public, patients and general practice staff) and highlighted inherent tensions in the expressed aims of the policy of active signposting.; 2) Role preparedness – a lack of training meant that some receptionist staff felt unprepared to take on the CN role as expected and raised patient safety issues; for SPLW staff, training affected the consistency of service offer across an area; 3) Integration and co-ordination of roles – a lack of planning and co-ordination across components of the health and care system challenged the success of integrating signposting into general practice.
Conclusions
This study provides new insights from staff stakeholder perspectives into the challenges of integrating signposting into general practice, and highlights key factors affecting the success of signposting in practice. Clarity of role purpose and remit (including resolving tensions inherent the dual aims of ‘active signposting’), appropriate training and skill development for role holders and adequate communication and engagement between stakeholders/partnership working across services, are required to enable successful integration of signposting into general practice.
An Assimilation Simulation Approach to Suspended Sediment Concentration in Inland Lakes Using Hybrid Perturbation Generation Method
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhang Jingjia , Zhu A-xing , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Suspended sediments, as one of the most important factors affecting the water environment of inland lakes, are closely related to the various pollutants migration and interaction. Thus, the simulation and prediction of suspended sediment concentration is important. Existing studies show that the prediction accuracy of suspended sediment concentration can be effective predicted based on assimilation methods coupled with hydrodynamic models. However, in the process of assimilation of hydrological simulation, the existing perturbation generation methods consider that the perturbation error is a random Gaussian distribution, which does not consider the spatial variation characteristics of errors. In this paper, a new method to generate the perturbation field for assimilation simulation was proposed. This method uses hybrid error to generate perturbation field for assimilation simulation instead of using random error. The proposed approach was validated through its application to assimilation simulation of suspended sediment concentration of Taihu Lake in China, and five assimilation experiments was conducted. The proposed method was compared with existing methods for perturbation field generation. After three days and 72 time steps of assimilation simulation based on hybrid perturbation generation, we found that the proposed assimilation method provided results that were more consistent with buoy-measured data. The accuracy of the two assimilation methods based on hybrid perturbation is improved. Compared with the assimilation method based on random perturbation, the mean values of RMSE(root mean square error) decreased from 9.56 to 8.70 and from 9.55 to 8.68, respectively. The results show that the proposed hybrid perturbation generation method has higher simulation accuracy than other methods. This study shows that the method is effective and provides a new idea for the assimilation simulation of suspended sediment concentration in inland lakes.
Patient Perspectives on the Causes of Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study on the Relationship Between Stress, Trauma, and Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Niebauer Erica , Fry Nina , Auster-Gussman Lisa A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesWe qualitatively evaluated breast cancer survivors’ perception of the relation between breastcancer development and both childhood trauma and stressful life events in adulthood.MethodsWomen (N = 50) who have or had a positive breast cancer diagnosis completed a close-endedsurvey, a timeline of significant life events, and an in-depth interview. All interviews weretranscribed and inductively coded using thematic analysis with an emphasis on patientperspectives of illness.ResultsParticipants reported a perceived connection between breast cancer development and stressfullife events, and five themes were identified: 1) major interpersonal conflict in both childhood andadulthood, 2) patterns of stressful life events in childhood and adulthood, 3) ideas about whybreast cancer developed, 4) relation between emotional stress and physical disease, 5) posttraumaticgrowth and meaning-making.ConclusionOur findings suggest the need for future research evaluating the long-term sequelae of stress andchildhood trauma in breast cancer development.
SARS-CoV-2 evasion from ADAR hyper-editing is both genome-encoded and sustained by the virus replication strategy
Authors: Bortoletto Enrico , Venier Paola , Shapiro Maxwell , Leonardi Andrea , Rosani Umberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the role of ADAR during in-vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection, identifying ADAR-mediated hyper-editing only in 49 RNA-seq samples at a low level. Hyper-editing of host dsRNAs appeared not influenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and showed higher efficiency compared to viral editing. Conversely, in mouse samples we found abundant hyper-editing with similar efficiency between host and SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. Underrepresentation of dinucleotide motifs along coronavirus ORFs suggested that SARS-CoV-2 resistance to ADAR hyper-editing is both evolutionary-encoded and sustained by viral replication strategy.
The Situation of Institutional Care: Reflections and Lived Experiences of Inmates in Child Care Centers of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Liranso Amarech , Zewude Bewunetu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Institutionalization has a negative impact on children’s psychological adjustment. The absence of proper care for a staggering number of children devoid of parental care has been recognized as a severe problem requiring comprehensive and urgent intervention. The purpose of this research was to examine children’s living experiences in care institutions in Ethiopia. Qualitative research approach was used in which data were collected using in-depth interview, observation, key informant interviews, and focus group discussion methods. Data were tape-recorded, transcribed, manually organized after searching themes within the data. The results of the study show that inmates consider the basic needs fulfilled by the institution as better than they received in the family of origin. It was also found that the institution has problems in terms of fulfilling the emotional and psychological needs of the children. Furthermore, research participants experience feelings of loneliness and being neglected in the institution. In addition, difficulties of establishing relationship were also found. Above all, the institution lacks the experience of reintegrating the children to their families of origin. Whereas institutional care is found to be better in terms of fulfilling the basic needs of the children, it has problems when it comes to fulfilling the emotional and psycho-social needs of the children hosted. Therefore, the personnel of the institution should take trainings to improve the level of emotional attachment they should maintain with the children. Moreover, the institution should have a clear long-term strategic plan about how to admit the children, how to care for them, and finally how to reintegrate them to their families of origin.
A new approach in comparison and evaluation of the overall accuracy of six soil-water retention models using statistical benchmarks and fuzzy method
Authors: Nakhaei Mohammad , Tafreshi Amin Mohebbi , Tafreshi Ghazaleh Mohebbi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, six samples of valid and widely soil-water retention curve (SWRC) estimation models, including van Genuchten, Brooks and Corey, Fredlund and Xing, Durner, Kosugi, and Seki were studied. To realize this approach, in the first step, the accuracy of each model was calculated using ten statistical benchmarks, and then the numbers obtained from the fitting accuracy were standardized based on each benchmark by the standard fuzzy method so that all of them had a similar scale. Finally, with the sum of the fuzzy standardized values, an index for each model was obtained as a new index called the Best-Fit Model (BFM) index, which was the basis for comparing and evaluating the overall accuracy of the models in each soil texture. Accordingly, if the BMF index is more extensive and closer to 10, the model is more fitted and gets a higher rating. The superiority of this method to other similar studies is that here, as in the multi-criteria evaluation methods, it can simultaneously assess in terms of different statistical benchmarks and ranking the models according to the diversity in the reaction of each to various benchmarks provided. The results showed that Brooks and Corey model with the lowest and the Durner model with the highest BMF and rank among other models in most soil textures are considered as the weakest and as the most suitable model from the overall accuracy viewpoint of fitting based on the approach used throughout this study, respectively.
Multivariate modeling of groundwater quality using hybrid evolutionary soft-computing methods in various climatic condition areas of Iran
Authors: Emadi Alireza , Zamanzad-Ghavidel Sarvin , Sobhani Reza , Rashid-Niaghi Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the current study, several soft-computing methods including artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), gene expression programming (GEP), and hybrid wavelet theory-GEP (WGEP) are used for modeling the groundwater's electrical conductivity (EC) variable. Hence, the groundwater samples from three sources (deep well, semi-deep well, and aqueducts), located in six basins of Iran (Urmia Lake (UL), Sefid-rud (SR), Karkheh (K), Kavir-Markazi (KM), Gavkhouni (G), and Hamun-e Jaz Murian (HJM)) with various climate conditions, were collected during 2004–2018. The results of the WGEP model with data de-noising showed the best performance in estimating the EC variable, considering all types of groundwater resources with various climatic conditions. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of the WGEP model were varied from 162.068 to 348.911, 73.802 to 171.376, 29.465 to 351.489, 118.149 to 311.798, 217.667 to 430.730, and 76.253 to 162.992 μScm−1 in the areas of UL, SR, K, KM, G, and HJM basins. The WGEP model's performance (R-values) for deep wells, semi-deep wells, and aqueducts of the areas of the KM basin associated with the arid steppe cold (Bsk) dominant climate classification was the best. Also, the WGEP's extracted mathematical equations could be used for EC estimating in other basins.
Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali A. , Sikka Alok , Mandave Vidya , Panda R. K. , Gorantiwar Sunil , Ambast Sunil K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.
Understanding nitrogen transport in the unsaturated zone with fluctuations in groundwater depth
Authors: Bian Jianmin , Wang Qian , Nie Siyu , Wan Hanli , Wu Juanjuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fluctuations in groundwater depth play an important role and are often overlooked when considering the transport of nitrogen in the unsaturated zone. To evaluate directly the variation of nitrogen transport due to fluctuations in groundwater depth, the prediction model of groundwater depth and nitrogen transport were combined and applied by least squares support vector machine and Hydrus-1D in the western irrigation area of Jilin in China. The calibration and testing results showed the prediction models were reliable. Considering different groundwater depth, the concentration of nitrogen was affected significantly with a groundwater depth of 3.42–1.71 m, while it was not affected with groundwater depth of 5.48–6.47 m. The total leaching loss of nitrogen gradually increased with the continuous decrease of groundwater depth. Furthermore, the limited groundwater depth of 1.7 m was found to reduce the risk of nitrogen pollution. This paper systematically analyzes the relationship between groundwater depth and nitrogen transport to form appropriate agriculture strategies.
Estimation of Asthma Symptom Onset Using Internet Search Queries: Lag-Time Series Analysis
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Zhang Amanda , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: March 2021

Background
Asthma affects over 330 million people worldwide. Timing of an asthma event is extremely important and lack of identification of asthma increases the risk of death. A major challenge for health systems is the length of time between symptom onset and care seeking, which could result in delayed treatment initiation and worsening of symptoms.

Objective
This study evaluates the utility of the internet search query data for the identification of the onset of asthma symptoms.

Methods
Pearson correlation coefficients between the time series of hospital admissions and Google searches were computed at lag times from 4 weeks before hospital admission to 4 weeks after hospital admission. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMAX) model with an autoregressive process at lags of 1 and 2 and Google searches at weeks –1 and –2 as exogenous variables were conducted to validate our correlation results.

Results
Google search volume for asthma had the highest correlation at 2 weeks before hospital admission. The ARIMAX model using an autoregressive process showed that the relative searches from Google about asthma were significant at lags 1 (P<.001) and 2 (P=.04).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that internet search queries may provide a real-time signal for asthma events and may be useful to measure the timing of symptom onset.
Attitudes Toward the Use of Voice-Assisted Technologies Among People With Parkinson Disease: Findings From a Web-Based Survey
Authors: Duffy Orla , Synnott Jonathan , McNaney Roisin , Brito Zambrano Paola , Kernohan W George 
Published: March 2021

Background
Speech problems are common in people living with Parkinson disease (PD), limiting communication and ultimately affecting their quality of life. Voice-assisted technology in health and care settings has shown some potential in small-scale studies to address such problems, with a retrospective analysis of user reviews reporting anecdotal communication effects and promising usability features when using this technology for people with a range of disabilities. However, there is a need for research to establish users’ perspectives on the potential contribution of voice-assisted technology for people with PD.

Objective
This study aims to explore the attitudes toward the use of voice-assisted technology for people with PD.

Methods
A survey was approved for dissemination by a national charity, Parkinson’s UK, to be completed on the web by people living with the condition. The survey elicited respondent demographics, PD features, voice difficulties, digital skill capability, smart technology use, voice-assisted technology ownership and use, confidentiality, and privacy concerns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and summative content analysis of free-text responses.

Results
Of 290 participants, 79.0% (n=229) indicated that they or others had noticed changes in their speech or voice because of the symptoms of their condition. Digital skills and awareness were reported on 11 digital skills such as the ability to find a website you have visited before. Most participants (n=209, 72.1%) reported being able to perform at least 10 of these 11 tasks. Similarly, of 70.7% (n=205) participants who owned a voice-assisted device, most of them (166/205, 80.9%) used it regularly, with 31.3% (52/166) reporting that they used the technology specifically to address the needs associated with their PD. Of these 166 users, 54.8% (n=91) sometimes, rarely, or never had to repeat themselves when using the technology. When asked about speech changes since they started using it, 25% (27/108) of participants noticed having to repeat themselves less and 14.8% (16/108) perceived their speech to be clearer. Of the 290 respondents, 90.7% (n=263) were not concerned, or only slightly concerned, about privacy and confidentiality.

Conclusions
Having been added to the homes of Western society, domestic voice assist devices are now available to assist those with communication problems. People with PD reported a high digital capability, albeit those who responded to a web-based survey. Most people have embraced voice-assisted technology, find it helpful and usable, and some have found benefit to their speech. Speech and language therapists may have a virtual ally that is already in the patient’s home to support future therapy provision.