bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different level of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and production of Cichorium intybus at the eighth regrowth
Authors: Tilova A M , Umami N , Suhartanto B , Astuti A , Suseno N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cichorium intybus were cultivated on a 1x1.5 m plot. Treatments on this study were different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0 kg/ha (N0); 25 kg/ha (N1); and 50 kg/ha (N2), with 3 replications on each treatment. Fertilizing was performed once, on day-5 of the growing phase. The height and length of the plants were recorded once a week for 21 days. The Cichorium intybus were defoliated on day-21. For the harvesting, the plants were cut 7.5 cm above the soil. Variables observed in this study include vegetative growth parameters (height and length of the plant, length of the leaf, the width of the leaf, and several leaves) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) productions). All data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test for significantly different results. According to this study, the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected (P-value <0.05) plant height and length, length and width of leaf, and biomass production. The highest production was obtained on the group receiving 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, which produced 16.74 ton/ha fresh production, 1.36 ton/ha DM, and 1.10 ton/ha OM. Hence, it can be concluded that 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer treatment yields the highest production.
Communal grazing area is as a potential source of calves in dry Sumbawa Island, Indonesia: the improvement of opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hilmiati N , Dahlanuddin  , Panjaitan T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sumbawa island is one of cattle centre in Indonesia characterized by grazing system. Most farmers practice integrated crop-livestock system with cattle and rice and or maize being the most common commodities. This paper provided understanding on communal grazing system in Sumbawa, its potency as a source of calves and its opportunity and challenges for improvement. A study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 for three largest communal grazing areas in Sumbawa Island, Lar Badi, Gili Rakit and Doro Ncanga, respectively. Most cattle live on grazing land during the harvest season and return to the village after harvest to graze the remaining crops. Herds were dominated by cows, calves, and young bulls. Despite being a potential source of calves and hign in carrying capacity, these areas have common problems such as lack of feed and high calf mortality. At the same time, crop residue available abundantly nearby, yet underutilized due to the labour, transporting cost, and lack of the knowledge. It is concluded that communal grazing areas plays a significant role as calves and feeder producing centre in the dry island of Sumbawa. However, the farmer’s awareness and capacity need to be improved for better management to solve the problems and good pasture management in the communal grazing.
The level of rice bran usage in the growth of local chickens reared in rural areas
Authors: Rohaeni E S , Bakrie B , Subhan A , Ahmad S N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the level of rice bran usage in the growth of local chickens raised in rural areas. It was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design , consisting of 4 types of feed as treatments with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of 10 chickens of one week old so that the total number of chickens used was 160. The treatments were commercial feed mixed with rice bran as follows: a) T1: 50% rice bran, b) T2: 60% rice bran, c) T3: 70% rice bran, d) T4: 80% rice bran. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks, consisting of 3 weeks adaptation period and 9 weeks observation period. The parameters observed were a) daily weight gain (DWG), b) feed consumption ratio (FCR), c) protein efficiency ratio (PER), d) energy efficiency ratio , and e) revenue/cost (R/C) ratio. Data were analyzed using the computer program of SPSS version 24.0. In case a difference occurs between the treatments, data were further analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study revealed that feed treatments had significant effects on all parameters observed. It can be concluded that the T1 feed ration had the best response to the DWG (17.2 g/bird/d), FCR (4.43) and R/C ratio (1.39).
The effect of zonation in the closed house broiler on the litter Escherichia coli count and ammonia concentration
Authors: Badrah N , Malaka R , Daryatmo  , Prahesti K I , Hajrawati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The closed house is designed in length model form to provide differences in temperature, humidity and wind speed between the zone close to the inlet and the zone far from the inlet. This difference in environmental conditions has not been widely studied, especially for the growth of microorganisms present in the litter, especially Escherichia coli from chicken faeces contamination. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that normally occurs in the digestive tract and will be pathogenic if the numbers are excessive and outside the digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the total E. coli bacteria in litter zoning in closed house facility. This is very important to be used as a reference in considering the proper litter handling. In this study, the closed house enclosure is formed 4 zones (zone 1 is 0-30 m from the inlet, zone 1 is 30-60 m from the inlet, zone 3 is 60-90 m from the inlet, and zone 4 is 90-120 m from the inlet. inlet). Each zone is 20×30 meters in size. The research was conducted using a sample of litter by taking 10 gr from each zone. The samples were then planted on EMBA (Eosin Methylene Blue Agar) media based on SNI 19-2897: 1993 work guidelines. The results showed that the total average of E. coli bacteria in zone 1 was 5.3×107 CFU/g, 2.5×107 CFU/dg in zone 2, 3.8×107 CFU/g in zone 3, and 5.4×107 CFU/g in zone 4. These results indicated that zoning did not affect the total E. coli bacteria on the litter so that it can be concluded that environmental conditions in the form of temperature, humidity, and wind speed in the zoning in the closed house were quite even. During the maintenance period, litter scraping was performed on the 7th day in zones 1 and 2, the 14th day in zones 3 and 4, and the 21st day in zones 1 and 2. On the 21st day, the litter bed is reversed in zone 3 and 4. Then add new husks on the 28th day. The conclusion showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the total E. coli bacteria in litter.
The study of aloe vera powder effect as feed additive on the performance of broiler
Authors: Riswanda N , Mujnisa A , Hakim M R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Prolonged use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in poultry ration has resulted in residual effect on poultry products. Therefore, the demand for natural substances that have antibiotic properties to replace AGP is increasing nowadays. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a nutritious plant and has various biological active compounds that reported have a beneficial effect on broiler chicken. The objective of the research was to determine the best level of dietary Aloe vera supplementation on the performance of broiler chicken. A total of 80 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates (5 chicks each). All chicks were raised for 42 days in the 16 pen (100 x 100 x 50 cm) equipped with rice hulls as bedding material, a feeder and a drinker. Chickens in the control group were fed with basal feed and for the next three group, chickens were fed with basal feed supplemented with Aloe vera for 0.75, 0.1, and 0.125%, respectively. In general, although there were no significant differences of all performance parameters among treatments found during experiment, chicken from supplemented group have a tendency to consume more feed, grew faster and higher feed efficiency compared to the control group. It seems that, increasing the level of Aloe vera flour in the ration is needed to improve the performance of broilers reared under tropical conditions.
Blood profile and nutrients digestibility of native chickens fed functional diets with different energy and protein level
Authors: Hafsah  , Sarjuni S , Mozin S , Fatmawati  , Malewa A , Sucipto I N , Saifuddin S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the blood profile, pH value of the small intestine and nutrient digestibility of native chickens fed functional diets with different energy and protein levels. The study used 192 DOC of native chickens with rearing up to 14 weeks old. The study was designed in a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the energy level (E1 = 2,800 kcal, E2 = 3,000 kcal), and the second factor was the protein level (P1 = 18%; P2 = 19%; P3 = 20%; P4 = 21%), each treatment had 4 replications. The feed ingredients used as functional feed in the ingredients of the ration i.e. yellow corn, rice bran, fish meal, soybeans grain, moringa leaves flour, turmeric flour, and Topmix® with the feed composition according to the treatment applied. Blood sampling, measurement of pH duodenum segment of the small intestine, and measurement of nutrient digestibility were performed on chickens after 12 weeks of age. The variables observed were blood profile, small intestinal pH, and nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance according to the design applied. The results showed that the effect of interaction between energy and protein level had a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on blood profile (hemoglobin, leucocyte, erythrocytes, platelets), small intestine pH, and nutrient digestibility. Similarly, also found the influence of a single factor of each energy and protein level. However, the treatments influenced a significant effect (P<0.05) on hematocrit and blood bilirubin values, and a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on total blood cholesterol. The study concluded that energy levels and protein levels had influenced significantly on blood profile, but not in pH intestine and nutrient digestibility.
The role of Garut Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Garut, sheep business supporting community economic development
Authors: Rusdiana S , Talib C , Adiati U , Kusumaningrum D A , Sutedi E , Fanindi A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the Garut Agricultural Science and Technology Park (TSTP) by running the Garut sheep business, to support the economic development of livestock farming communities. This research was conducted by purposive sampling and interviews and questionnaires on 3 nucleus farmers in TSTP Garut and 20 plasma farmers outside TSTP, in Garut Regency, West Java Province in 2018. Data were collected in the form of primary data obtained directly from farmers and secondary data from the local Office of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and several other parties. Primary and secondary data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, calculated based on an analysis of the balance of R/C receipts. Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Production (IRIAP) has developed science and technology at TSTP Garut, which was distributed to plasma farmers at outside of TSTP Garut. Technology and innovation increased the productivity of Garut sheep efficiently and develop improvements in farmers’ businesses and income. The results showed that the profit of nucleus farmers was IDR 3,308,334/year with an R/C value of 1.09. The benefit of plasma farmers was IDR 1,608,334/year with an R/C ratio of 1.01. Garut sheep business in nucleus and plasma farmers was economically feasible to be cultivated again.
Productivity and business income of Sentul Selected-Kampung Unggul Balitnak (SenSe-KUB) chicken breeders in Bone Bolango Regency Gorontalo Province
Authors: Fadwiwati A Y , Surya  , Rosdiana  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine productivity and analyzed the business income of Sentul Selected-Kampung Unggul Balitnak (SenSe-KUB) chicken breeders. This research is descriptive. Data collection techniques were field observation, interviews, note-taking and literature study. Data collected from direct observation in the field at SenSe-KUB chicken breeders and tabulated then transferred into tabular form according to analysis needs. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically. The results obtained showed that the productivity of the SenSe-KUB chickens in the breeders kept in 2 periods with different numbers (average feed conversion, egg production, peak production, age at first laying eggs, the lowest average production, the highest average production, 10–12 months of egg budding, 10–12 months of hatchability, 10–12 months of eggs entering the hatchery and the average body weight of males and females aged four and five months) was different for each period. Furthermore, the average number of eggs hatched in period-2 was more when compared to period-1. Then the average sprouting power for period-1 was 83.35% and period-2 was 87.3%; the average hatchability for period-1 was 73.56% and period-2 85.45; the average of embryo mortality in period-1 was 23.29% and period-2 was 12.61%; the average number of DOC period-1 was 182.29 and period-2 was 668.65. The results of the business analysis showed that the SenSe-KUB chicken breeding business of 1,000 in Tunggulo Village breeders had been managed efficiently which could be observed from the R/C ratio of 1.34. The Selected SenSe-KUB chicken breeding business is a potential source of income.
Analysis of factors affecting to the income of Bali cattle farmers in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Indrawirawan  , Suwignyo B , Kusumastuti T A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
South Sulawesi is an area of development of native Bali cattle in Indonesia. Bali cattle farming are playing an essential role in supporting the economy of household farmers. This research aimed to analyze the factors that affect to the income of Bali cattle farmers. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 in Barru regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The total number of respondents was 121 farmers, including 75 respondents on the Bali cattle breeding enterprise and 46 respondents on the fattening enterprise. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, while determining the factors that affect to income using Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that factors affecting to the income of farmers were the number of Bali cattle ownership and the dummy for non-formal education (livestock training). The factor that negatively affects was the dummy for the cattle production system. Improvement in calving interval of cows parameter and average daily weight gain of bulls can increase income. Manure utilization can generate more revenue. This study suggested that the government provide more variety and more frequent livestock training and procurement of cows and bulls.
Poverty alleviation of beef cattle farmers through empowerment approach critical awareness-based
Authors: Rasyid T G , Rohani St , Hatta M , Darwis M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The issue that occurs in the community is that beef cattle farmers are helpless or poor in the financial economy, on the other hand, government programs continue to flow to the community with the hope that in a few years the farmers will be independent or run their own business without dependence on other parties. However, the reality is that until now the poverty of these farmers has not yet been resolved. Poverty occurs as a result of the empowerment principle approach that has not touched beef cattle farmers according to Ta’awum and Shura (QS. Al- Maidah: 5.2). To get the answer, this research was carried out in succession (1) determining the research location; (2) conducted pre-research, namely survey, focused group discussion; (3) determination of variables and indicators; (4) establish research objectives to get a picture of the critical awareness of beef cattle farmers based on the principles of Ta’awum and Shura, so that the answers obtained are the contribution of this research; (5) determine the type of research, namely quantitative descriptive; (6) data collection techniques by direct and in-depth interviews using a questionnaire to 25 beef cattle farmers who were determined intentionally; (7) data analysis tools that have been collected using descriptive statistics; (8) to facilitate the analysis in processing data, a 3-level categorization approach is used based on a Likert scale, namely high = 3, medium = 2, and low = 1; (9) determine the research results. The conclusions of the research showed that the farmers have not gotten out of poverty because the empowerment model has not focused on critical awareness factors and strengthening the institutional capacity of beef cattle farmers. There were still limited to help beef cattle farmers without being preceded by training, mentoring, monitoring and evaluation and continuous control, this was indicated by the value of critical awareness on strengthening institutional capacity and the process of understanding/ monitoring the program, namely the medium category with a score of 1.47 and 1.50 respectively.
Identification of socioeconomic profile of Kembang Joyo Honey consumers in Batu City
Authors: Masyithoh D , Hartono B , Fanani Z , Radiati L E , Febrianto N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to identify the socioeconomic profile of consumers of Kembang Joyo Honey. The research was conducted from October to November 2019 at several Kembang Joyo outlets in Batu City. The selected respondents were consumers who visited sales outlets in Batu city using the accidental sampling method. The data analysis used was descriptive statistics. The results showed that based on age, 41% of respondents were dominated by aged 31–40 years. Respondents were dominated by female (52%). Respondents who visited sales outlets, 37% worked as employees, with their education level mostly from Senior High School (45%) and they came from the East Java area.
Livestock farming income analysis of farm households in Indonesia
Authors: Tenrisanna V , Kasim K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Animal husbandry development in Indonesia has been focusing on increasing farmers’ income, expand employment and provide business opportunities for the community. A livestock enterprise is said to be successful if it can contribute income to farmers. This study aims to measure the income of livestock farming on farm household scale in Indonesia. This study observed the production costs, revenues, farm income, and revenue-cost (R/C) ratio. The R/C ratio determines the level of efficiency of livestock business based on the ratio between the variable costs incurred and revenues. The data used secondary data from BPS-Statistics Indonesia. In general, this study shows that livestock farming on household scale provided benefits for farmers in terms of positive incomes and appropriate values of R/C ratios.
Income analysis of layer farm in Sidrap district South Sulawesi province (case study in PT. Cahaya Mario)
Authors: Nurlaelah S , Asnawi A , Rusni R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Laying hen farm business has enormous potential because it plays a role in providing a cheap and easy to obtain the source of animal protein, namely eggs. Besides, for people business, laying hen farm can be used as a source of income for farmers. The different cost structures at each phase will certainly have an impact on farmer income. This study aimed to analyze the farm income of laying hens at PT. Cahaya Mario, Sidrap regency and to determine the scale of his business. This research was a case study research. Data were collected from the recording of the company business and completed with a questionnaire as a research instrument to obtain the information needed in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate the level of income at each phase of breeding and business feasibility using the R/C ratio formula. The results showed that in one production cycle, the level of income obtained was IDR 817,809.94 with the R/C ratio was 2.15. Particularly for the starter to grower phase, which produced a pullet income of IDR 202,659.00 with the R/C ratio was 1.51, while the income in the layer phase or production period was IDR 680,150.94 and the R/C ratio was 2.19. This showed that the business was managed by PT. Cahaya Mario was feasible. This condition was shown by his ability to manage 30 flocks for a layer farm.
Analysis of the gross profit margin of broiler in the closed house at the Faculty of Animal Science - Hasanuddin University
Authors: Hastang  , Asnawi A , Daryatmo  , Meidiana T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted in the closed house at the Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University from January to March 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the gross profit margin obtained in the broiler business in partnership pattern in the closed house. The research method used was a case study method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The data used were primary data obtained from recording the necessary data for three production periods. The secondary data were obtained from the literature relevant to this study. The results showed that the gross profit margin of broiler farming in closed house varied such as follows: 9.5% for the first period, 7.5% for the second period and 9.6% for the third period. The difference in the level of gross profit margin was determined by the selling price, production and variable costs.
Production sharing system and beef cattle business revenue pattern in Tellulimpoe district, Sidenreng Rappang regency
Authors: Nugraha A , Mursalat A , Fitriani R , Asra R , Irwan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One way to achieve welfare goals for breeders is by sharing the profit sharing system. The implementation of profit sharing system involves between two parties; between the capitalist and the breeder. The party that provides capital is the party that owns the cattle, but does not have enough time to raise the cow, so the capital owner gives the cow to the farmer to be raised in accordance with the agreements and previous agreements established. This research was conducted in Tellulimpoe district, Sidenreng Rappang regency. Total sample was 64 farmers using a total sampling approach. Analysis of the data used in this study used quantitative descriptive. The results showed that there were two types of profit sharing system applied by beef cattle breeders, namely the main female cow and the cost system. The income earned by farmers was IDR 4,484,842 per household/year, the results of the income was shared by the capital owner in accordance with the agreement.