bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in pediatric thyroid nodules based on Bethesda Classification
Authors: Jiang Wen , Phillips Susan A. , Newbury Robert O. , Naheedy John H. , Newfield Ron S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Bethesda system for reporting cytopathology (TBSRTC) has been widely adopted in the management of thyroid nodules. Based on the limited pediatric data available, the implied malignancy risk for each of the categories may be significantly different in pediatrics vs. adults, especially in the indeterminate categories (Bethesda Class III or IV). We report the diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy at our institution based on the Bethesda system and the risk of malignancy in each category.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent a thyroid FNA at our tertiary pediatric hospital from 12/1/2002 to 11/30/2018. FNA results were classified according to TBSRTC. Patient demographics, cytology, histopathology, radiological and clinical follow-ups were examined.

Results
A total of 171 patients were included with 203 cytological samples. Average age at initial FNA was 14.7 years (range 6.9–18.6 years). The numbers of nodules reported for Bethesda categories I–VI were 29, 106, 22, 14, 6 and 26, respectively, and the rate of malignancy was: 13.8, 4.7, 22.7, 35.7, 83.3 and 100%, respectively. Use of ultrasound guidance reduced the non-diagnostic rate from 38.1 to 11.5%. Introduction of on-site adequacy testing further reduced the non-diagnostic rate to 6.5% since 2014.

Conclusions
The risk of malignancy for thyroid nodules in this pediatric cohort is higher than reported in adults. However, rates described here are much closer to adult ranges than previously published pediatric cohorts. The addition of adequacy testing improved the non-diagnostic rate of FNA procedures performed with ultrasound guidance.
The Ambiguity of Mimesis: Kierkegaard between Aesthetic Fantasy and Religious Imitation
Authors: Ramazzotto Nicola 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate Kierkegaard’s thought through the category of mimesis. First, two meanings of the word are distinguished and analyzed: the archaic meaning that links it to the concept of re-enactment, and the traditional meaning that links it to the aesthetic field of art. These two meanings are then considered in relation to Kierkegaard’s opus, showing the oscillation of mimesis as corresponding to that between the aesthetic, which lives in fantasy and in the unfulfilled possibility, and the religious, which finds its identity in the imitation of Christ and in the transparent relationship to God.
Does Kierkegaard’s Rewritten Parable of the Good Samaritan Leave the World to the Devil? Kierkegaard and Adorno on What it Means to Love one’s Neighbor in the Modern World
Authors: Damgaard Iben 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article critically examines and discusses the charge, raised by Adorno in his essay on Works of Love, that Kierkegaard’s rewriting of the Gospel story of the good Samaritan reduces neighbor love to abstract inwardness. It has been somewhat ignored in the reception of Adorno’s text that he also praises Kierkegaard as a critic of his time. I explore Adorno’s appreciation of this dimension in Works of Love and seek to develop it further by examining Kierkegaard’s sharp eye for discovering how the inhumanity of the slavery in the past persists in more hidden and subtle ways in the modern world dominated by the instrumental rationality of economics.
Johan Ludvig Heiberg’s “Literary Winter Crops” and Kierkegaard’s Polemic
Authors: Stewart Jon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article provides an English translation of Johan Ludvig Heiberg’s “Literary Winter Crops” from 1843. The young Kierkegaard cultivated a positive relationship with Heiberg, who was the most powerful cultural figure in Denmark at the time. Heiberg published Kierkegaard’s first articles in his literary journal Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post, and in Kierkegaard’s early works such as From the Papers of One Still Living and The Concept of Irony, there are clear signs that he continued to court Heiberg’s favor. Heiberg’s dismissive book review of Either/Or in “Literary Winter Crops” definitively ended the relationship. Deeply offended, Kierkegaard from this point on waged a polemical war with Heiberg. Heiberg’s short review played a large and negative role not just in their personal relationship but also in Kierkegaard’s development generally. This work appears here for the first time in a complete English translation.
Characterization of the torsional vibration behavior of circular and rectangular cross-sectional arc springs: Theory and experiments
Authors: Fidanciogullari Samet , Yildiz Ahmet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is about the theoretical and experimental characterizations of the torsional vibration behavior of circular and rectangular cross-sectional arc springs. Firstly, the dynamic behaviors of arc springs with different cross-sectional wire profiles designed for a dual mass flywheel are modeled by mathematical formulations. After that, experimental tests are performed to verify these models and it is observed that the stiffness characterizations are in good agreement with experimental results. Lastly, the masses of two different arc springs are compared by regarding the same vibration stiffness criteria and it is demonstrated that the rectangular wire provides an arc spring with a 9.44 vol.-% lighter structure. Thus, the outcomes of this paper can be good references for the manufacturer about the numerical and experimental characterization of dual mass flywheel springs, especially for rectangular wire arc springs.
A new Hybrid Taguchi-salp swarm optimization algorithm for the robust design of real-world engineering problems
Authors: Yıldız Ali Rıza , Erdaş Mehmet Umut 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new hybrid Taguchi salp swarm algorithm (HTSSA) has been developed to speed up the optimization processes of structural design problems in industry and to approach a global optimum solution. The design problem is posed for the shape optimization of a seat bracket with a mass objective function and a stress constraint. Objective function evaluations are based on finite element analysis, while the response surface method is used to obtain the equations necessary for objective and constraint functions. Recent optimization techniques such as the salp swarm algorithm, grasshopper optimization algorithm and, Harris hawks optimization algorithm are used to compare the performance of the HTSSA in solving the structural design problem. The results show the hybrid Taguchi salp swarm algorithm’s ability and the superiority of the method developed for optimum product design processes.
Soft chemical processing approach for the valorization of seafood waste by-products as a source of bioactive polymers
Authors: Chenni Abdenour , Bezzi Tarek , Djidjelli Hocine , Boukerrou Amar , Kecha Mouloud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chitin and chitosan as green and active biomacromolecules were extracted from local seafood waste (shrimp shells). The extraction was carried out by a soft chemical process, followed by structural characterization (FTIR, XRD, viscosity average molecular weight M̅v), thermal stability by TGA, and antibacterial tests. FTIR and XRD spectra confirmed the chemical structures of the extracted chitin and chitosan which were similar to the commercial ones. The chitin and chitosan had an average viscosimetric molar weight of 232.21 kDa and 41 kDa, respectively. The chitosan had a high deacetylation degree (DD = 71 %) and low cristallinity index (Icr = 68.3 %); compared to chitin, which exhibited a lower deacetylation degree (DD = 24.27 %), higher thermal stability and higher cristallinity index (Icr = 87.55 %). A bacteriostatic effect of chitin was observed in the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium. Chitosan exhibited a bacteriostatic effect on all bacteria tested, except Salmonella typhimurium.
Manufacturing of Al-Li-Si3N4 metal matrix composite for weight reduction
Authors: Kandasamy Raju , Marimuthu Balakrishnan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present analysis was aimed to identify the properties of Al 2024 composite reinforced with lithium and silicon nitride to make it applicable for automobiles, sports and aerospace applications. An effort was made to reduce the density and increase the hardness and impact properties of aluminum 2024 matrix with individual and multiple reinforcements using the double casting method under non-reactive environment. Aluminum alloy matrices with lithium, silicon nitride and the combination of both were fabricated. The microstructure, density, hardness and impact strength properties of the fabricated aluminum metal matrices were analyzed. The microstructure study reveals the uniform dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix alloy. From the results, it is understood that the hardness and impact toughness increase with the addition of silicon nitride. Density is reduced with the addition of lithium as reinforcement. When both reinforcements were added in the matrix, it was observed that there was an increase in hardness and impact strength of the composites with decrease in density of the metal matrix composite making it suitable for light weight and high strength applications.
The crystal structure of (Z)-3-((2-(2-(2-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)amino)-1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one, C24H24N2O3
Authors: Zhang Weilian , Zuo Zhenyu , Yanhui Chen , Bin Liu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C24H24N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.674(3) Å, b = 7.3900(14) Å, c = 20.862(4) Å, β = 106.728(7)°, V = 2018.9(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0633, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1804, T = 293 K.
Die Nominalisierung von Nebensätzen im Tschechischen
Authors: Kosta Peter , Karlík Petr 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe present article ties in with an earlier study by Chomsky (1970) on nominalizations in English, which was then refined primarily in the influential work of Jane Grimshaw (1990) and is dealt with in detail in Borer (2013) and in Kosta (2020). In contrast to the English gerundives, which do not lose verbal behavior due to the derivation in the syntax and maintain all grammatical categories and characteristics of verbs, which is why one can speak of a real conversion while preserving the verbal semantics, the situation is somewhat different in Czech. In the deverbal, deadjective and other derivations, the Czech apparently made the transition to the noun with its critical properties, which is shown by certain restrictions in the aspectuality marking of deverbal noun phraseson -ní-,-tí-, which, e. g., do not pass the progression durativity test (Vendler 1967). In passive constructions, as is well known, a valence point in the position of the external argument is reduced compared to the corresponding active sentences, while the external argument position in anti-causatives is also not available in the deep structure. In addition to the syntactic restrictions that are evident in nominalizations in the context of simple sentences of different sentence types (causative, anti-causative, passive) and demonstrate the nominal character of certain types of deverbal noun phrases in the first part of this article, the second part of the essay deals with more complex structures and extends its analytical and theoretical part to the phenomenon of nominalizing subordinate clauses. The aim of the central part of this contribution is therefore to test the nominal properties of embedded conjunctional sentences and of embedded headless relative sentences on the basis of empirical data and thus contribute to the knowledge of whether certain types of relative sentences can (or must) be nominalized.
Transverse acoustic phonon excitations in liquid metals
Authors: Hosokawa Shinya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, transverse acoustic (TA) phonon excitations in various liquid metals are reviewed. Low-frequency TA phonon excitations were investigated on liquid Ga, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Bi, by using high energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). The current correlation functions obtained from the IXS spectra were analyzed by using two Gaussians to evaluate the excitation energies and widths of the longitudinal acoustic and TA excitation modes, which are consistent withab initiomolecular dynamics simulations. The lifetimes and propagating lengths of the TA modes were determined, and may respectively correspond to the lifetimes and sizes of cages instantaneously formed in each liquid metal. The microscopic elastic constants were estimated and characteristic differences from macroscopic polycrystalline values were found in Poisson’s ratios. Future experimental and analytical problems to be solved in the near future are addressed.
Comparison of the Pressure Biofeedback Unit and Real-Time Ultrasound Imaging as Feedback Tools to Contract the Transversus Abdominis Muscle: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Daigle Frédérique , Léonard Guillaume , Émond Myriam , Benoit-Piau Justine , Gaudreault Nathaly 
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
The transversus abdominis (TrA) is a key muscle for lumbar stabilization and is often retrained in physical therapy. Feedback tools, such as the pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) and rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), are frequently used by physical therapists to train their patients and improve their patients' ability to contract this muscle. However, the effect of these tools in rehabilitating the TrA in older adults remains to be demonstrated, as is their efficiency in transferring the skill of recruiting the TrA from a supine position to a standing position.
The objective of the study was to compare the immediate effectiveness of the PBU and RUSI to reeducate the TrA muscle in a population of asymptomatic older adults (without pain).

Methods:
Forty participants were randomized into 2 groups (RUSI or PBU). The intervention included a training session involving 15 TrA contractions held for 10 seconds with the corresponding feedback device. The dependent variable, TrA thickness (a muscle activation indicator), was measured using ultrasound images before and after the intervention in a supine and standing position. Nonparametric analyses were used for inter- and intragroup comparisons.

Results and Discussion:
The results showed no between-group differences in TrA activation ratio (AR) in the supine or standing position (supine AR: TrA RUSI thickness change P = .53 vs PBU thickness change P = .73, comparison between groups P = .51; standing AR: TrA RUSI thickness change P = .003 vs PBU thickness change P = .10; comparison between groups P = .61). However, the change in TrA thickness compared to the other abdominal wall muscles in a standing position was significantly less post-intervention for the RUSI group only (RUSI P = .006 vs PBU P = .72). Both groups remained similar post-intervention for this outcome (P = .20).

Conclusions:
Neither the RUSI nor the PBU seems to have the desired effect on the activation of TrA in asymptomatic older adults.
An Integrate-and-Fire Spiking Neural Network Model Simulating Artificially Induced Cortical Plasticity
Authors: Shupe Larry , Fetz Eberhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe an integrate-and-fire (IF) spiking neural network that incorporates spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and simulates the experimental outcomes of four different conditioning protocols that produce cortical plasticity. The original conditioning experiments were performed in freely moving non-human primates (NHPs) with an autonomous head-fixed bidirectional brain-computer interface (BCI). Three protocols involved closed-loop stimulation triggered from (1) spike activity of single cortical neurons, (2) electromyographic (EMG) activity from forearm muscles, and (3) cycles of spontaneous cortical beta activity. A fourth protocol involved open-loop delivery of pairs of stimuli at neighboring cortical sites. The IF network that replicates the experimental results consists of 360 units with simulated membrane potentials produced by synaptic inputs and triggering a spike when reaching threshold. The 240 cortical units produce either excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in their target units. In addition to the experimentally observed conditioning effects, the model also allows computation of underlying network behavior not originally documented. Furthermore, the model makes predictions about outcomes from protocols not yet investigated, including spike-triggered inhibition, γ-triggered stimulation and disynaptic conditioning. The success of the simulations suggests that a simple voltage-based IF model incorporating STDP can capture the essential mechanisms mediating targeted plasticity with closed-loop stimulation.
Time Course of Alterations in Adult Spinal Motoneuron Properties in the SOD1(G93A) Mouse Model of ALS
Authors: Huh Seoan , Heckman Charles J. , Manuel Marin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, motoneuron electrical properties are already altered during embryonic development. Motoneurons must therefore exhibit a remarkable capacity for homeostatic regulation to maintain a normal motor output for most of the life of the patient. In the present article, we demonstrate how maintaining homeostasis could come at a very high cost. We studied the excitability of spinal motoneurons from young adult SOD1(G93A) mice to end-stage. Initially, homeostasis is highly successful in maintaining their overall excitability. This initial success, however, is achieved by pushing some cells far above the normal range of passive and active conductances. As the disease progresses, both passive and active conductances shrink below normal values in the surviving cells. This shrinkage may thus promote survival, implying the previously large values contribute to degeneration. These results support the hypothesis that motoneuronal homeostasis may be “hypervigilant” in ALS and a source of accumulating stress.
Using Heart Rate Variability Monitoring for Dexmedetomidine Dosing in Neurointensive Care Patients
Authors: Kiryachkov Yu. Yu. , Petrova M. V. , Muslimov B. G. , Gridnev O. V. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: to validate the use of heart rate variability monitoring during dexmedetomidine administration in patients with brain injury of various etiologies.Material and methods. The study included 25 patients (14 male, 11 female, mean age 58.2±1.81 years) 20 and more days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n=9; 36%), acute stroke (n=4; 16%), anoxic brain injury (n=6; 24%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (n=6; 24%). Dexmedetomidine was prescribed because of sympathetic hyperactivity as diagnosed by heart rate variability (HRV). The following indices were measured: SI (stress index, in normalized units [nu]), SDNN (standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals over 24 h, in ms), RMSSD (root-mean-square of successive normal sinus RR interval difference, in ms), pNN 50% (the percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals >50 ms), TP (total power of the frequency spectrum, in ms2). HRV parameters were determined prior to dexmedetomidine infusion (baseline), on days 1–3, 4–5, 9–10, 15–20 of drug administration. Sympathetic hyperactivity was diagnosed by determining following values: SDNN < 13.31 ms, RMSSD < 5.78 ms, pNN 50% < 0.110%, SI > 900 nu, and TP < 200 ms2. Normal reference ranges for HRV parameters were as follows: SDNN (13.31–41.4 ms), RMSSD (5.78–42.3 ms), pNN5 0% (0.110–8.1%), SI (80–900 nu), and TP (200–2000 ms2).Results. The starting dose of dexmedetomidine for sympathetic hyperactivity was 0.12–0.24 µg/kg/hr (mean dose 0.16±0.01; total 200 µg/day). According to digital HRV data, the effective dose ED50 of dexmedetomidine was 0.26±0.03 µg/kg/hour (353.8±35.1 µg total per day) that was achieved on day 9–10 of drug administration.Conclusion. Electrophysiological neuromonitoring of the autonomic nervous system function increases the efficacy of dexmedetomidine administration in patients with brain injury of various etiologies.
Umbilical Cord Management at Term and Late Preterm Birth: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gomersall Judith , Berber Slavica , Middleton Philippa , McDonald Susan J. , Niermeyer Susan , El-Naggar Walid , Davis Peter G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Ovelman Colleen , Soll Roger F. ,   ON BEHALF OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION NEONATAL LIFE SUPPORT TASK FORCE
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized scientific review of umbilical cord management at term and late preterm birth.OBJECTIVE:To assess effects of umbilical cord management strategies (clamping timing and cord milking) in infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age.DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and trial registries searched July 2019.STUDY SELECTION:Two authors independently assessed eligibility of randomized controlled trials.DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors independently extracted data and assessed evidence certainty (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations).RESULTS:We identified 46 studies (9159 women and their infants) investigating 7 comparisons. Compared with early cord clamping (ECC) &lt;30 seconds, delayed cord clamping (DCC) ≥30 seconds (33 studies), intact-cord milking (1 study), and cut-cord milking (2 studies) probably improve hematologic measures but may not affect survival without neurodisability, anemia in early infancy, or maternal postpartum hemorrhage. No differences in major neonatal morbidities are seen in studies comparing methods of optimizing placental transfusion (DCC versus cut-cord milking [3 studies], longer delays in clamping [7 studies], or physiologic parameters [3 studies]). Strategies that promote increased placental transfusion may be associated with greater phototherapy use. Evidence for all outcomes was low or very low certainty.LIMITATIONS:Incompleteness and low certainty of findings limit applicability.CONCLUSIONS:Compared with ECC, DCC or cord milking increases hemoglobin and hematocrit immediately after birth in infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age. The uncertain effects of DCC and cord milking compared with ECC on major morbidities limit usefulness of available evidence for policy and practice.