bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prayer and Practical Theology
Authors: van Oudtshoorn Andre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The command to pray invites believers to critically engage with their broken reality with a view of transforming it in the light of the new reality in which they participate in Christ. Practical theology, operating in the context of the bi-polar and tense relationship between theory and praxis, should be expanded to accommodate prayer as the inner mode of its operations to embrace the existential dimension of the faith praxis, instead of simply limiting itself to a socio-scientific empirically based descriptive paradigm. This implies that practical theology has to be embedded within the church as the domain of faith. Prayer, understood within the context of practical theology, offers a critique of theological theories that do not adequately address the implications for God, the world and believers inherent in the new anthropological status that the invitation to pray confers on those who pray. Prayer also critiques the existing praxis in three ways: it is, firstly, a transformational act in itself; it, secondly, acknowledges its own inadequacy to accomplish the needed transformation and is thus able to critique its own methodologies and practices; and, thirdly, it continues to hope for the transformation of the existing praxis based on the promise of the presence of God in and through the Spirit of Christ in the church. In looking beyond the existing praxis to God, believers are called to continually work and pray for signs of the coming Kingdom to be realised within their world.
Priming of verb inflections in L1 and L2 French: A comparison of `redundant' versus `non-redundant' training conditions
Authors: Marsden Emma , Altmann Gerry , St Claire Michelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There have been several calls to adopt more implicit techniques for investigating how input is processed by second language (L2) learners. This study tested for aural repetition priming using a lexical decision test to establish whether a French verb inflection (-ons) can be primed amongst beginner classroom learners of L2 French during activities that broadly reflected two types of aural instructional activities. Fifty one school learners of French were randomly assigned either to an exposure activity which directed their attention to the target inflection or to an activity in which they were asked to try to understand sentences which contained the target inflection. The input was designed to simulate learning situations in which learners find aural comprehension effortful. All participants then did a lexical decision test, to measure the activation of representations of the French verb inflection during the exposure conditions. The results from this preliminary study indicated that greater priming effects followed the instructional activity that focused attention on the inflection than the activity that focused attention on sentence meaning. This is compatible with acoustic word priming research that suggests an orientation to meaning inhibits priming for some learners, and also with pedagogical research that suggests that focusing learners' attention to some features of the input is helpful. Our findings in the aural domain seem to run counter to recent research suggesting that regardless of the orientation of attention during training, orthographic representations of suffixes can be primed during visual word recognition. Future applications of this technique for investigating the allocation of attention in L2 input processing are discussed.
Temporal and non-temporal processes in the elderly
Authors: Fostick Leah , Babkoff Harvey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background: The present study examined whether the reported age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution is specific to the temporal domain or rather reflects a general decline in auditory perception, including the stimulus intensity domain.

Methods: The performance of 89 healthy participants aged between 21 and 82 years with normal hearing was tested on a variety of psychophysical tasks, where discrimination was based either on the temporal or on the intensity domains. Stimulus levels for all tasks were 40 dB SL (corrected for threshold). Participants were also tested on two cognitive tasks: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition, matrices and digit span.

Results: Findings indicate that age was significantly negatively correlated with performance on three of the temporal resolution tasks, namely, dichotic temporal-order judgment, spectral temporal-order judgment, and gap detection, but not on the intensity discrimination task, thus emphasizing the specificity of the age-related decline to the auditory temporal domain.

Conclusions: The overall results suggest that age-related changes in auditory perception are specific to the temporal domain, even when controlling for hearing sensitivity and cognitive ability, and are not reflected in other aspects of non-temporal perception, such as intensity discrimination.
Facilitating Speech and Discourse: Biblical Interpretation and the Emergence of a Concept of Gender Equality
Authors: Økland Jorunn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is a case study demonstrating that the Bible at the end of the 19th century could still function as a common rhetorical tool, a frame of reference, and a common court of appeal in important public debates. The case in question is the Anglophone debate over women’s rights, voice, and vote on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean around 1890. The article analyzes three different lay positions represented by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Christina Rossetti, and Heber Hart. They represent three different directions that reception of the Bible with regard to gender equality and women’s authorial voice could take in this period. The article also argues that a concept of gender equality goes several centuries further back than what is often thought, and that the early development of the concept in a pre-secularized intellectual environment needs much further scholarly attention.
Rib fractures in infancy, case-series and register case-control study from Sweden
Authors: Högberg Ulf , Thiblin Ingemar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess cases with rib fractures in infants under observation for or with an abuse diagnosis, and to compare risk factors with that in infants with fractures but no abuse diagnosis.

Methods
Design was case-series and register case-control of infants (aged <1 year) with rib fractures. Data was clinical records for the case-series (n = 26) and from national health registers for the case-controls (n = 28 and n = 31). Outcome measures were maternal and perinatal characteristics, reasons for appointment, examination, diagnoses, blood tests, and radiologic findings.

Results
The case-series had a median age of 70 days. A majority were detected through a skeletal survey for abuse investigation. Sixteen were boys, three were preterm and six were small-for-gestational age. Three carers had noticed popping sound from the chest; no infants showed signs of pain at physical examination. Mean number of fractures was 4.2, and 24 had callus. Bone mineralisation was scarcely reported. Metabolic panel was not uniformly analysed. The register case-control had a median age of 76 days, sharing risk factors such as maternal overweight/obesity, male sex, prematurity, and being small-for-gestational age. Cases more often had subdural haemorrhage, retinal haemorrhage, or long-bone fractures, controls more often had neonatal morbidity, respiratory infection, or a fall accident. Detection of fracture at time of a major surgery (n = 6) and rickets/vitamin D deficiency (n = 5) appeared in both groups, but was delayed among the cases.

Conclusions
Rib fractures in young infants, diagnosed as abuse, are usually asymptomatic and healing. A substantial proportion had metabolic risk factors, suggesting false positive cases.
The impact of route of anesthesia on maternal and fetal ischemia modified albumin levels at cesarean section: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Caglar Gamze Sinem , Erdogdu Perihan , Gursoy Aslı Yarcı , Şeker Rabia , Demirtas Selda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective: Ischemia modified albumin has been shown to increase in ischemic situations, and has also been shown to increase in fetal cord blood in deliveries by cesarean section. The aim of this study is to reveal whether anesthesia has an impact on maternal and fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels.

Methods: Seventy two women with uncomplicated term pregnancies were randomized to spinal (n=37) or general anesthesia (n=35) groups. The blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate of the patients were recorded during the procedure. Maternal blood samples of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were taken 10 min from the start of the procedure. The fetal cord blood samples of IMA were taken immediately after birth.

Results: Maternal (0.99±0.19 vs. 0.80±0.27) and fetal (1.00±0.21 vs. 0.70±0.26) IMA levels were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group. Fetal IMA levels were positively correlated with maternal gravidity (r=0.31; P=0.008), parity (r=0.25; P=0.028), and fetal birth weight (r=0.23, P=0.045). Also, as time from incision to delivery lengthens, fetal IMA levels increase (r=0.29, P=0.012).

Conclusion: Fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels were higher in the general anesthesia group, therefore, it is proposed that regional anesthesia should be the preferred route of anesthesia for an elective cesarean section, at least until the impact of high fetal cord IMA levels are manifested.
The Spinozan-Wolffian Philosophy? Mendelssohn’s
Philosophical Dialogues
of 1755
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Mendelssohn’s Philosophische Gespräche (Philosophical Dialogues), first published in 1755, represents his first philosophical work in German and rather surprisingly for a debut, in the first two dialogues of that work Mendelssohn attempts nothing less than a defense of the legacy of the most controversial philosopher of his day, Benedict de Spinoza. In this paper, I attempt to enlarge the context, and if possible to raise the stakes, of Mendelssohn’s discussion in order to bring out what I take to be a much more ambitious project on Mendelssohn’s part, namely, not only the rehabilitation of a fellow Jewish thinker but also the rehabilitation of metaphysics as such by means of a thorough accounting of the Spinozan elements in the Wolffian philosophy. As I will show, framing the project of the Gespräche too narrowly is responsible for obscuring much of what I take to be most original and insightful in Mendelssohn’s use and interpretation of Wolff’s thought, as well as his ultimate purpose in resolving what he regarded as an ongoing crisis in metaphysics that is responsible to no small extent for its widespread neglect.
A rare type of benefactive construction: Evidence from Enets
Authors: Khanina Olesya , Shluinsky Andrey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Together with other Northern Samoyedic languages, Enets shows a crosslinguistically unusual way of expressing benefactive semantics. The Enets benefactive construction consists of a specific “destinative” affix that marks the presence of a beneficiary in a given clause and of a possessive affix that marks the beneficiary itself. Both affixes are attached to one of the verb's arguments. This makes the beneficiary encoded as an adnominal dependent of the verb's argument.
This paper has two goals. Firstly, a detailed description of the Enets benefactive construction is provided, including its morphology, morphosyntax, and peculiarities of the differential object marking. Secondly, we aim to establish crosslinguistic parallels with the Enets benefactive construction. While phenomena with similar semantic features have been attested in the world's languages, we show that the Enets construction demonstrates a unique set of semantic and morphosyntactic properties.
„Es erhebt sich Vater gegen Sohn, Sohn gegen Vater, Bruder gegen Bruder, Verwandte gegen Verwandte“
Authors: Hess Hendrik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gregory of Tours’s oeuvre is one of the few testimonies of the Merovingian Early Middle Ages. The paper illustrates that the experience of contingency and the attempt to overcome it during a time of civil war were the situation in which the ‚Libri historiarum decem‘ originated. Among other things, this becomes apparent in the composition of the ten books. Furthermore, the Merovingian kingship is a recurring motive of the text. The paper illustrates how genealogy, which can be used to conceal disruptions and discontinuities, was instrumentalized to serve as legitimation.
State hoops
Authors: Ali Borzooei Rajab , Aaly Kologani Mona , Zahiri Omid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we define the notions of a state ⊔-hoop and a state-morphism ⊔-hoop extending the language of hoop by adding a unary operator and investigate some properties of them. Also, we extend state ⊔-hoop to state hoop and study the relation between state hoops and state BL-algebras, MV-algebras and BCK-algebras.
Additivity of maps preserving productsAP±PA*onC*-algebras
Authors: Taghavi Ali , Darvish Vahid , Rohi Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet 𝒜 and ℬ be two primeC*-algebras. In this paper, we investigate the additivity of map Φ from 𝒜 onto ℬ that are bijective unital and satisfiesΦ(AP+λPA∗)=Φ(A)Φ(P)+λΦ(P)Φ(A)∗,$$\Phi(AP+\lambda PA^{*})=\Phi(A)\Phi(P)+\lambda \Phi(P)\Phi(A)^{*}, $$for allA∊ 𝒜 andP∊ {P1,I𝒜−P1} whereP1is a nontrivial projection in 𝒜 andλ∊ {−1, +1}. Then, Φ is *-additive.
Fashion as an Institutional System
Authors: Heritier Paolo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The analysis of the relationship between fashion and institutions could represent a new approach in the theoretical analysis of fashion. This article is an attempt to show how, from an analysis of Simmel, Lotman, Volli and Legendre and a semiotic-juridical perspective, the topic of fashion can be linked to an anthropological-juridical perspective and a juridical conception of fashion as a normative institution. Juridical knowledge appears to be essential for the anthropological understanding of the phenomenon of fashion and too many studies have forgotten the contribution of the juridical sciences to the theoretical configuration of the question. From a complex historical-juridical analysis of the notion of Corpus Iuris (Kantorowicz) emerges the value of the medieval notion of corpus mysticum as a fictional body, referring to a political context that is both liturgical and ritual. The reference to this idea thus passes from the Corpus Iuris Civilis of medieval canonical law to the modern aesthetic signification (fictional and iconic) of the notion of the political body, referring to the modern state, which is still to be found on the well-known frontispiece of Hobbes’ book the Leviathan and then to the fictional and stylised bodies of the models in a fashion show. Following the theories of Legendre, the conclusion of this article suggests to reintroduce the secularised juridical and theological lexis for the aesthetic relationship between the natural body and the fictitious body, seen as a mystical and political body, considered present in the practices of dressing and twentieth-century fashion. Fashion is one of the forms through which, in mobilising desire, the human being constructs that “second body”, fictitious, represented, parallel to the real body, which is constitutive of the subjective and collective identity of a society. This body is fashioned under the ritualised and institutionalised form of the garment that hides the body, concealing its animality, which gives access to a collective fictitious reality, of which, we could add, all the products of the semiosphere, including the juridical institutions, are formed.
The Language of Clothing and the Law
Authors: Carpi Daniela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Elizabeth I’s portraits span more than 40 years of her reign: during this time her courtiers commissioned paintings that developed both her own image and a complex set of symbols that transmitted her power. These paintings, together with other iconological representations of her sovereignty, embody her personal way to advertise her own power and keep her subjects within the fascination of her figure. By commissioning portraits of the Queen her courtiers both expressed their loyalty to her and helped to develop the wide range of emblems and visual devices through which her propaganda could be promulgated. The analysis of the symbols interwoven with the dresses which enwrapped the Queen in her portraits conveys both the social situation of the period and Elizabeth’s will to impose her figure as divine so as to stress her legitimacy to the throne. The problem of power, legitimacy and legality are all intertwined in the dresses: the yarn that is spun by the painter’s brush represents the rules that keep society together. It symbolises the legal system with all its paraphernalia and anticipates an awareness for those in power to advertise their image which typifies our age. The fundamental function of clothing in making or unmaking a person’s status within society is often used in Renaissance plays. In many passages of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, for example, clothing is clearly connected to authority and it becomes the central device in the taming process itself.
The Law of Dress in Lord of the Flies
Authors: Watt Gary 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Instead of reading William Golding’s Lord of the Flies in standard terms of the boys’ descent from clothing to nakedness, or in terms of truth disguised in false appearance, this paper reads the novel in terms of the constancy of dress. The form of the dress may change from clothes to painted masks, but the fundamental fact of dress remains. The boys’ relationship to rules can be read in a similar way. Instead of reading their story in terms of descent from law and order to lawlessness and disorder, it is read in terms of the on-going presence of rules of some sort. The form of the rules changes, but the essential fact of government by rules remains. It is argued that dress and law are constant in the novel and that Golding is warning us, through the parallel performance of law and dress, that we should suspect that external indicators of civilization are hollow; that we should be cynical about all systems of norms established by society and look, instead, to be saved by individual insight and self-sacrifice.
Characteristics of wipe sampling methods for antineoplastic drugs in North America: comparison of six providers
Authors: Chabut Claire , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Several societies have published guidelines to limit the occupational exposure of workers. Several of these guidelines recommend periodic (once or twice a year) environmental monitoring of specific sites where antineoplastic drugs are prepared and administered. However, most of the guidelines provide no guidance concerning which antineoplastic drugs should be monitored, the preferred sampling sites, appropriate test methods or limits of detection. The aim of this study was to characterize providers that quantify antineoplastic drug measured on surfaces.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. To identify service providers offering environmental monitoring tests, we searched the PubMed database and used the Google search engine. We contacted each service provider by email between June 3rd and June 15th, 2020. We specified the objective of our study and described the information needed and the variables of interest with standardized questions. Additional questions were sent by emails or via teleconferences. No statistical analyses were performed.

Results
We identified six providers offering services to Canadian hospitals, either based in Canada or in the United States. Five of these providers were private companies and one was a public organization. Each service provider was able to measure trace contamination of 3–17 antineoplastic drugs. Five of the providers quantified drugs using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS), which allowed for lower LODs. The sixth provider offered quantification by immunoassay, which has higher LODs, but offers near real-time results; the surface area to be sampled with this method was also smaller than with UPLC-MSMS. The services offered varied among the service providers. The information about LODs supplied by each provider was often insufficient and the units were not standardized. A cost per drug quantified could not be obtained, because of variability in the scenarios involved (e.g. drug selection to be quantified, number of samples, nondisclosure of ancillary costs). Four of the six service providers were unable to report LOQ values.

Conclusions
Few data are available from Canadian service providers concerning the characteristics of wipe sampling methods for antineoplastics. This study identified six north-American providers. Their characteristics were very heterogeneous. Criteria to consider when choosing a provider include the validation of their analytical method, a low limit of detection, the choice of drugs to be quantified and the sites to be sampled, obtaining details about the method and understanding its limits, and price. This should be part of a structured multidisciplinary approach in each center.
A Structural Approach to Estimate Short-Term and Long-Term Country Default Risk from Market Data: The Case of Argentina 2000/2001
Authors: Maltritz Dominik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We apply a structural pricing model to bond market data in order to estimate the default risk for Argentina in 2000/2001. The model explicitly considers short-term and long-term debt service payments and their dependencies by employing compound option theory. In this way, it is possible to take into account both the empirically observed dependency between the term structure of bond spreads and the default risk as well as the finding that the ratio of short-term to long-term debt is of special importance for default risk. The model parameters are estimated using Duan’s (1994) time series-based maximum likelihood approach.
Identifying Adj + N compounds in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aims to identify Adj+N compounds in Modern Standard Arabic by applying the cross-linguistic criteria for compoundhood discussed in the relevant literature. The analysis reveals that the most reliable cross-linguistic criteria to distinguish between phrases and compounds in MSA are adjacency, referentiality, compositionality and the presence of inflection. Another language-specific criterion, i.e. adjacency and the order of elements, which has asserted its validity, has been suggested to distinguish between the two types of construct. I have also shown that all cases of Adj+N compounding in MSA are bahuvrihis, since they denote a person in possession of the entity denoted by the compound. Similar to Fassi Fehri (“Arabic modifying adjectives and DP structures” 1999), I argue that the output of Adj+N compounding behaves more like a noun than an adjective. I propose that Adj+N compounds have a silent N head, i.e. ‘one/person’, which determines the syntactic category of such constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (cf. Günther [“The rich, the poor, the obvious: Arguing for an ellipsis analysis of ‘adjectives used as nouns’”, to appear) for a similar analysis of nominalized adjectives in English).