bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Science to Practice: Improving ROP by Utilizing a Cloud-Based Machine-Learning Solution in Real-Time Drilling Operations
Authors: Singh Kriti , Yalamarty Sai , Cheatham Curtis , Tran Khoa , McDonald Greg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is a follow up to the URTeC (2019-343) publication where the training of a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict rate of penetration (ROP) is described. The ML model gathers recent drilling parameters and approximates drilling conditions downhole to predict ROP. In real time, the model is run through an optimization sweep by adjusting parameters which can be controlled by the driller. The optimal drilling parameters and modeled ROP are then displayed for the driller to utilize.
The ML model was successfully deployed and tested in real time in collaboration with leading shale operators in the Permian Basin. The testing phase was split in two parts, preliminary field tests and trials of the end-product. The key learnings from preliminary field tests were used to develop an integrated driller's dashboard with optimal drilling parameters recommendations and situational awareness tools for high dysfunction and procedural compliance which was used for designed trials.
The results of field trials are discussed where subject well ROP was improved between 19-33% when comparing against observation/control footage. The overall ROP on subject wells was also compared against offset wells with similar target formations, BHAs, and wellbore trajectories. In those comparisons against qualified offsets, ROP was improved by as little as 5% and as much as 33%.
In addition to comparing ROP performance, results from post-run data analysis are also presented. Detailed drilling data analytics were performed to check if using the recommendations during the trial caused any detrimental effects such as divergence in directional trends or high lateral or axial vibrations.
The results from this analysis indicate that the measured downhole axial and lateral vibrations were in the safe zone. Also, no significant deviations in rotary trends were observed.
Activated Shale Creep and Potential Micro-Annulus Investigated in the Field
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Loizzo Matteo , Delabroy Laurent , Kristiansen Tron Golder , Klepaker Kristian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that creeping shales can form effective hydraulic well barriers. Shale barriers have been used for many years in P&A of wells in Norway. More recently, shale barriers for zonal isolation have also been used in new wells where shale creep was found to occur within days. In some cases, shale creep is activated by a reduction in annulus pressure, in other cases shale creep sets in without any active activation, possibly by time-dependent formation-pressure changes. However, the presence of thixotropic fluids (drilling muds) in the annulus may prevent full closure of the annulus as it requires large pressure differentials to squeeze the fluid out of a microannulus. Furthermore, elastic rebound of an actively activated shale barrier could result in a microannulus and hence a possible leakage pathway. Improved logging technology is needed for identifying shale barriers and the presence of micro-annuli in shale-barrier zones.
We use cement bond log data and standard bond logging criteria to evaluate the quality of the shale well barriers (Williams et al., 2009). In addition, in order to detect microannuli on the outside of the casing, a new inversion algorithm for the bond logging data was developed and tested on field data. Later, we had the chance to apply the inversion algorithm to bond-log data obtained in the laboratory with a miniature bond-logging tool inside a cased hollow-cylinder shale-core sample place. It turned out that both the micro-annulus widths and shale velocities determined by the inversion technique were too high. By constraining the shale velocities to more realistic values, the updated microannulus widths were smaller and more consistent with the experimental results.
Small microannuli may not cause any measurable leakage along the well, especially if filled with a thixotropic fluid. However, more studies are needed to quantify the impact of microannuli on the sealing capacity of shale barriers.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiphase Flowmeters: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Zargar Masoumeh , Johns Michael L. , Aljindan Jana M. , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed Nabil , O'Neill Keelan T. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMultiphase flowmetering is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those that pertain to oil and gas. Generally, both the composition and individual phase velocities are required; this results in a complex measurement task made more acute by the prevalence of turbulent flow and a variety of flow regimes. In the current review, the main technical options to meet this metrology are outlined and used to provide context for the main focus on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology for multiphase flowmetering. Relevant fundamentals of NMR are detailed as is their exploitation to quantify flow composition and individual phase velocities for multiphase flow. The review then proceeds to detail three NMR multiphase flowmeter (MPFM) apparatus and concludes with a consideration of future challenges and prospects for the technology.
In vivo detection of external apical root resorption induced by apical periodontitis using periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Huamán Stephanie Diaz , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , de Oliveira Fernanda Maria Machado Pereira Cabral , De Rossi Andiara , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of external apical root resorption (EARR).Materials and Methods: Dog’s teeth with experimentally induced root resorption underwent or not root canal treatment (n = 62 roots). True positives (TP), false positives (FP), true negatives (TN) and false negatives (FN) in PR and CBCT diagnoses were determined using histopathologic findings as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy (TP + TN) in the diagnosis of EARR were calculated. Data was compared using chi-squared test (⍺= 0.05).Results: We found that PR detected EARR in 35% of roots and CBCT, in 47%. EARR was microscopically diagnosed in 50% (p = 0.03 comparison between PR and microscopy; p = 0.67 comparison between CBCT and microscopy). Overall, CBCT produced more accurate diagnoses than PR (0.93 for CBCT versus 0.70 for PR; p = 0.008). Interestingly, when data was stratified into small and large resorptions, PR and CBCT allowed identification of large resorption in 100% of the cases and showed the same accuracy. However, for small resorptions, PR showed an accuracy of 0.83, whereas CBCT showed an accuracy of 0.96 (p = 0.003).Conclusions: We demonstrated that CBCT showed higher accuracy to detect EARR. These findings shed light on the use of CBCT for detection of initial root resorption.Clinical relevance: Early identification of resorption allows a prompt treatment and reduces the risk of dental structure loss.
Dissimilar Friction Stir Lap Welding of AA2198&nbsp;and AA7075&nbsp;Sheets: Forces, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Astarita Antonello , Tucci Fausto , Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Perrella Michele , Boccarusso Luca , Carlone Pierpaolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the dissimilar friction stir lap welding of AA2198 and AA7075 sheets. The influence of processing parameters, namely welding speed and tool rotational speed on joint features, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated implementing a full factorial design of experiments. During the welding process, axial and transversal forces were continuously measured using a dedicated sensed fixture aiming at the correlation of this processing parameter with the quality of the achieved joints. The reported outcomes showed a very narrow processing window in which it was possible to avoid the formation of defects while the formation of an hook was observed for all the joints welded. The influence of the weld bead morphology on the lap shear strength was elucidated proving that the strength is ruled by the hook morphology. A correlation between the process parameters and the forces arising was also attempted. The final microstructure of the joints was studied and explained and also compared with the microhardness results.
SHP2 inhibition enhances the anticancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant lung adenocarcinoma by blocking CXCL8 loop mediated stemness
Authors: Xia Leiming , Yang Fan , Li Suzhi , Kan Chen , Zheng Hong , Wang Siying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Additional epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations confer the drug resistance to generations of EGFR targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), which is the thorny challenge to propel the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) forward. In the tailored targeting era, the strategy of EGFR-TKI combined regimen was considered the promising approach to conquer the big aforesaid question. The mechanism of SHP2 involved in the cell proliferation, cytokine production, stemness maintenance and drug resistance of LUAD was not yet fully explored.Methods: To determine the impact of SHP2 on the efficacy of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells to Osimertinib, SHP2 was tested in Osimertinib treated LUAD cells. Cell proliferation and stemness were tested in SHP2 modified LUAD cells. RNA sequencing were performed to explore the mechanism of SHP2 promoted stemness.Results: This study demonstrated that high SHP2 indicates poor outcome of LUAD patients, and enriched in Osimertinib resistant LUAD cells. Moreover, SHP2 inhibition suppressed the cell proliferation and damaged the stemness of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD. Furthermore, SHP2 facilitates the CXCL8 secretion of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD which derived from a CXCL8-CXCR1/2 positive feedback loop that promoted the stemness and tumorigenesis. Finally, we found SHP2 inhibited ERK-AKT-NFκB and GSK3β-β Catenin pathways in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells, inactivation of NF-κB confers to a blockage of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 loop, and stemness limited by restricting GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling.Conclusions: Our data revealed that inhibition of SHP2 enhances the anti-cancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD by blocking CXCL8-CXCR1/2 loop mediated stemness, which may provide an alternative option to promote the efficacy of osimertinib in clinic of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD.
Design and Investigation of Gate Stacked Vertical TFET with N+ SiGe Pocket Doped Heterojunction for Performance Enhancement
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Wariya Subodh , singh shailendra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel delta-doped N + Silicon-Germanium Gate Stacked Triple Metal Gate Vertical TFET (Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET) is proposed and investigated using the Silvaco TCAD simulation tool. Four different combinations were presented and compared with and without the gate stacking method and Si0.2Ge0.8 N + pocket delta-doped layer to render the optimized results. Among all, Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET structure comes out with a very steep sub-threshold slope (9.75 mV/dec), 40 % lower than the first configuration of TMG VTFET. The inclusion of the N + delta-doped layer between the source and channel and gate will enhance the ON-state drive current performance by reducing the OFF-state leakage current. This happens due to the lower bandgap of the N + delta-doped layer cause narrow BTBT, which results in a high drive current. The Triple metal gate is designed to mitigate the ambipolar conduction by modulating the optimized wok function at 4.15, 4.3, and 4.15 eV. The distribution of the source channel in the vertical structure will enhance the device's scalability due to the electron tunneling moves in the vertical electric field direction. The optimally constructed structure demonstrates improved performance, such as a high ION/IOFF current ratio (~ 1013) and sub-threshold voltage (0.33 V). The results obtained from the proposed device make it suitable for the ultra-low-power device application.
Multibiomarker Responses to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Microplastics in Thumbprint Emperor Lethrinus Harak from a South Pacific Locally Managed Marine Area
Authors: Varea Rufino , Paris Andrew , Ferreira Marta , Piovano Susanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To determine the baseline threat of microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an important seafood fish from Vueti Navakavu LMMA, a multibiomarker risk assessment was conducted on the thumbprint emperor fish. K-factor was significantly lower in samples from the wet season compared to the dry season but no significant differences were observed for HSI between seasonal groups. PAHs levels of four metabolites in emperor fish from Fiji waters is reported here for the first time; seasonal groups showed no significant differences, but all samples presented levels of biliary PAHs. The specimens also contained at least one microplastic in its gastrointestinal system; fibres were the predominant form-type and ingestion levels showed that more than 80 % of fragment sizes were below 1.0 mm. Biochemical responses were observed for EROD and GST biotransformation activity, oxidative stress (GPX and GR activity; LPO concentration) and genotoxicity (micronuclei assay). Though there were no statistically significant differences found, there were biological significances that were important to note; relatively low levels of pollutant exposure showed low levels of biochemical responses as well, and enzymes response were as expected to their roles in the body. This reflects that a multibiomarker approach can be helpful to monitor future trends of pollution levels, and help improve or strengthen the efforts of existing conservation mechanisms such as LMMAs. Coastal communities consume 0.55 kgs more seafood fishes annually in the world, so their livelihood security and health safety should be paramount in our efforts to curb the issue. We recommend adopting new techniques, like biomonitoring, to improve the conservation mechanisms and systems in place.
The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the DIEPSS in patients with schizophrenia: results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study
Authors: Kubota Chika , Inada Toshiya , Lin Shih-Ku , Avasthi Ajit , Chee Kok Yoon , Tanra Andi Jayalangkara , Yang Shu-Yu , Chen Lian-Yu , Chong Mian-Yoon , Tripathi Adarsh , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Grover Sandeep , Park Seon-Cheol , Kato Takahiro A. , Xiang Yu-Tao , Sim Kang , Maramis Margarita M , Noor Isa Multazam , Tan Chay-Hoon , Sartorius Norman , Shinfuku Naotaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). The participants were 1,478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia), F2 (gait and bradykinesia), and F3 (muscle rigidity and tremor). The present results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: central dopaminergic mechanisms with the pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F1), acute parkinsonism observed during action (F2), and acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F3).
Accuracy of Laboratory Tests Drawn by Pull-push Method from Central Venous Catheterization After Routine Flushing with 10 ml Normal Saline.
Authors: Lokeskrawee Thanin , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Sawaengrat Chutinun , Patumanond Jayanton 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Central venous catheterization (CVC) remains a common practice in the emergency setting. Routine flushing 10 - 20 ml of normal saline to maintain the patency of CVC could affect the accuracy of laboratory tests. Typically, physicians require peripheral vein phlebotomy when more blood sampling is needed. One of the alternative methods, the Pull-push method, could avoid too much pain and unnecessary peripheral vein phlebotomy. However, there has been no recent study analyzing the accuracy of blood sampling using this technique. Objective: We evaluate laboratory tests' accuracy between blood samples drawn by the Pull-push method from CVC after routine flushing with 10 ml of normal saline versus control. Methods: We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study from May to September 2019. After exclusion, 72 patients were eligible for analysis. Promptly after central venous catheterization, we drew blood samples, stored them in blood collecting tubes, and labeled them for the gold standard group. We flushed with 10 ml of normal saline before blood sampling using the Pull-push method's completed three times; then, we drew blood samples again, labeled Pull-push group. We compared the laboratory results between two groups by paired t-test. The accuracies were analyzed based on an allowable error by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and presented by a modified Bland-Altman plot. Results: The 72 patients were primarily male (n=47, 65.3%), had a mean age 60.1±14.0 years, and were diagnosed with sepsis (n=4, 5.6%) or septic shock (n=65, 90.3%). For almost all the laboratory values, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and blood sugar, the accuracy was more than 90% (92.8-98.6%), except aPTT (85.5%) and aPTT ratio (86.7%) Conclusion: Laboratory tests drawn by the Pull-push method could replace peripheral vein phlebotomy to avoid too much pain and infection risk.
Outcome of Trabeculectomy with Intraoperative Subtenon Injection of Mitomycin C
Authors: Mahar Pir Salim , Rahman Asma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of trabeculectomy with intraoperative subtenon injection of Mitomycin C (MMC) in terms of control of Intraocular pressure post-operatively.Study design: Observational studyMethods: A total of 49 patient’s medical records who underwent trabeculectomy with intraoperative subtenon injection of MMC with diagnosis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) from January 2017 to December 2018 were evaluated to see the post-operative outcomes in terms of control of intraocular pressure (IOP) with 12 months follow-up. The medical records were retrieved using the hospital information system. Age, gender, pre-operative IOP, Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), co-morbids, previous surgery, Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), fundus findings, number of glaucoma medications and postoperative complications were obtained by using a proforma.Results: Total 72 eyes of 49 patient records were evaluated to see post operative outcomes at three, six and twelve months follow up. The mean IOP preoperatively was 24.68±13.66 mm Hg with maximum anti-glaucoma treatment. After the surgery the mean IOP was 13.69±6.68 mmHg at 3 months follow-up, and 12.68±4.04 and 13.33±4.8 mmHg at 6 and 12 months respectively (P-value 0.001). Preoperatively mean CCT was 529.81±28.75 and at 12 months follow-up after surgery was 530.45±29.43 with P-value 0.245. Best Corrected Visual Acuity outcomes were seen at each follow-up and results were found to be statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.05).Conclusions: Twelve months follow-up of trabeculectomy show that intraoperative subtenon injection of MMC is effective in terms of control of IOP postoperatively with minimal complications in patients with POAG.
Could anterior cervical fixation be an alternative method in the management of Hirayama disease?
Authors: Wu Wence , Li Zhechen , Zhang Hongjie , Lin Renqin , Lin Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of surgical treatment for Hirayama disease(HD) by anterior cervical fixation(ACF). From August 2008 to November 2015, 13 patients(12 males and 1 female, average age, 16.3 ± 1.1 years) with HD underwent ACF. Surgery-related indexes, clinical efficacy, and radiographic parameters were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgery. The surgery duration time range from 67 to 128 min(average 89.2 ± 19.9 min)and the blood loss range from 40 to 120 ml(average 68.1 ± 26.3 ml). Four patients got resolved tremor, and the other patients stopped progressing. Grip strength significantly improved from preoperative 15.6 ± 1.7 kilogram to postoperative 18.6 ± 1.9 kilogram(P < 0.001). The cross-sectional areas of the spinal cord at C6 and C7 levels increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 cm2 to 0.8 ± 0.1 cm2(P = 0.018) and from 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 to 0.7 ± 0.1 cm2(P = 0.049) respectively. The cervical lordosis increased from 2.4 ± 3.4° to 7.0 ± 3.5°(P = 0.001). The range of cervical flexion was significantly decreased from preoperative 31.3 ± 11.5° to postoperative 14.3 ± 7.5°(P < 0.001). No surgical related complications such as hoarseness, cerebral fluid leakage, and surgical site infection were observed after surgery. Two patients, felt abnormal sensation of throat occasionally, showed screw loosening and internal fixators were removed finally. Athough screw loosening was observed, ACF could serve as an effective treatment in the management of the HD.
Efficacy of the direct aspiration-irrigation maneuver for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A single hospital's experience
Authors: Pan Zhenjiang , Bao Jing , Wei Shepeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE

The traditional methods for managing symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) at our hospital include evacuation via single burr-hole irrigation with continuous closed subdural drainage (SBID). The single burr-hole aspiration and irrigation technique with continuous closed subdural drainage (SBAID) is an attractive alternative method. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of SBAID compared with traditional SBID methods.
METHODS

A database of 51 CSDH patients treated with the SBAID method and 35 CSDH patients treated with the SBID method was compiled, and a retrospective chart review was performed. Information regarding demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and outcomes was collected. Predictors of recurrence requiring reoperation and other outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS

Compared to the patients in the SBID group, the patients in the SBAID group had a shorter mean duration of surgery (56.6 ± 5.6 minutes vs 59.5 ± 4.8 minutes, respectively, P = 0.02); a shorter mean interval from procedure to discharge (6.2 ± 1.2 days vs 6.8 ± 1.3 days, respectively, P = 0.046); no significant difference in preoperative hematoma volume (106.4 ± 21.7 cm3 vs 101.3 ± 16.3 cm3, respectively, P = 0.25); and a smaller subdural space volume 48 hours after the operation (43.6 ± 7.4 cm3 vs 47.4 ± 9.1 cm3, respectively, P = 0.03).