bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital data sources and methods for conservation culturomics
Authors: Correia Ricardo A. , Ladle Richard , Jarić Ivan , Malhado Ana C. M. , Mittermeier John C. , Roll Uri , Soriano‐Redondo Andrea , Veríssimo Diogo , Fink Christoph , Hausmann Anna , Guedes‐Santos Jhonatan , Vardi Reut , Di Minin Enrico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOngoing loss of biological diversity is primarily the result of unsustainable human behavior. Thus, the long‐term success of biodiversity conservation depends on a thorough understanding of human–nature interactions. Such interactions are ubiquitous but vary greatly in time and space and are difficult to monitor efficiently at large spatial scales. However, the Information Age also provides new opportunities to better understand human–nature interactions because many aspects of daily life are recorded in a variety of digital formats. The emerging field of conservation culturomics aims to take advantage of digital data sources and methods to study human–nature interactions and thus to provide new tools for studying conservation at relevant temporal and spatial scales. Nevertheless, technical challenges associated with the identification, access, and analysis of relevant data hamper the wider adoption of culturomics methods. To help overcome these barriers, we propose a conservation culturomics research framework that addresses data acquisition, analysis, and inherent biases. The main sources of culturomic data include web pages, social media, and other digital platforms from which metrics of content and engagement can be obtained. Obtaining raw data from these platforms is usually desirable but requires careful consideration of how to access, store, and prepare the data for analysis. Methods for data analysis include network approaches to explore connections between topics, time‐series analysis for temporal data, and spatial modeling to highlight spatial patterns. Outstanding challenges associated with culturomics research include issues of interdisciplinarity, ethics, data biases, and validation. The practical guidance we offer will help conservation researchers and practitioners identify and obtain the necessary data and carry out appropriate analyses for their specific questions, thus facilitating the wider adoption of culturomics approaches for conservation applications.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic postsurgical pain after colorectal surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Jin Juying , Chen Qibin , Min Su , Du Xunsong , Zhang Dong , Qin Peipei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the incidence, characteristics and the potential predictors of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after colorectal surgery.MethodPatients who underwent colorectal surgery at our institution from July 2014 to December 2016 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Perioperative potential demographic, clinical and psychological predictors for CPSP were collected. The follow‐up visits were conducted through telephone interviews at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The interview questionnaire comprised items regarding pain intensity, frequency, site, analgesic administration and impact on activities of daily living.ResultsA total of 624 patients completed the 6‐month follow‐up and were included in the analysis. CPSP was reported by 32.1% of these patients at 3 months and 21.8% at 6 months after colorectal surgery. The pain interfered with several activities of daily living in a considerable proportion of CPSP cases. At 3 months, the identified predictors of CPSP were young age, preoperative abdominal pain and pain elsewhere, preoperative anxiety and depression, longer duration of surgery, and high pain intensity on movement within 24 h after surgery. Predictors of CPSP at 6 months were young age, preoperative abdominal pain, preoperative anxiety, longer duration of surgery, and high pain intensity on movement within 24 h after surgery.ConclusionChronic pain after colorectal surgery is a common complication associated with young age, preoperative abdominal pain and pain elsewhere, preoperative anxiety and depression, longer duration of surgery, and high pain intensity on movement within 24 h after surgery.
Incremental value of three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over the two‐dimensional technique in the assessment of a partially detached MitraClip
Authors: Meers Jacob B. , Nanda Navin C. , Elmarzouky Zeyad M. , Dulal Subash , Vardas Panos N. , Ahmed Mustafa I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe an elderly male patient with two MitraClip devices, one fixed and the other detached, in whom live/real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DTEE) provided incremental value and additional information compared to two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE). 3DTEE offered the ability to comprehensively assess the mitral valve (MV) utilizing full volume and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) modes. 3DTEE proved useful in assessing the position of the properly attached and the partially detached MitraClip, including assessment of orifice size and degree of mitral regurgitation (MR). In addition, trapping of MV chordae by both clips was noted in the 3DTEE image dataset and confirmed at the time of surgery. Chordal trapping was not detected by 2DTEE. 3DTEE proved useful in more accurately estimating the severity of residual MR with the MitraClips in place since the regurgitant jet vena contracta (VC) could be viewed en face and VC area measured by planimetry in the correct imaging plane as compared to limited linear images from 2DTEE.
Passive traps and sampling bias: Social effects and personality affect trap entry by sticklebacks
Authors: Kressler Molly M. , Gerlam Amy , Spence‐Jones Helen , Webster Mike M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearchers routinely quantify the behaviour of subsets of animals, using their findings to make inferences about wider populations. Broader conclusions, however, may be inaccurate if the subjects that are tested are not representative of these populations. One way that this can arise is through sampling bias, which can occur if the method of collecting the test subjects disproportionately selects those with particular attributes, such that they end up being over‐ or under represented within the sample. Passive traps are associated with such sampling biases and have been shown to target certain behavioural phenotypes in a range of species. Here we asked whether funnel‐type fish traps were more likely to target more active and more social sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We found that more subjects entered the traps when they already contained conspecifics and that individual measures of activity predicted trap entry, with more active fish being captured sooner both when the traps already contained conspecifics and when they were empty. Unexpectedly, less‐social fish were captured sooner when the traps contained conspecifics. Sampling biases have the potential to skew the data collected by researchers and we therefore highlight the need to acknowledge and discuss potential for sampling biases and any consequences that may arise from this in published work. In the longer term, research that estimates the potential for sampling biases for various collection methods and species would be a valuable resource for helping to devise more representative sampling designs.
A universal method for rapid identification of alfalfa and burr medic seeds with an emphasis on discriminating different forage species
Authors: Wu Yuguo , Liu Jie , Luo Dong , Deng Hao , Zhou Qiang , Wang Yanrong , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnlike many crop seeds which are large in size, forage seeds are relatively small. Moreover, some forage seeds from the same genus, or even different genera, share similar morphologies in terms of colour, size, weight and so on. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) also share similar morphology. However, alfalfa is a perennial, cross‐pollinated herbaceous species, whereas burr medic is considered an annual, self‐pollinating plant. Therefore, a universal and rapid method of discriminating burr medic seeds from alfalfa seeds or other similar forage seeds from different plant species is needed. Previous methods of discriminating similar‐looking forage seeds have been shown to be unreliable or time consuming. Here, a universal method that combines polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques was developed to discriminate alfalfa and burr medic. Based on the differences in the lengths of homologous genes caused by insertions and deletions between two species, a pair of primers was designed to discriminate the accessions of 15 alfalfa and 9 burr medic via visualizing the clearly different PCR amplicon sizes. In addition, the melting curve analysis was performed to investigate the specificity and reliability of the primer pair. The results showed two different melting peaks between the two species, further demonstrating this method can accurately and sensitively identify the two species. Thus, we believe that this method has the great potential to be extensively applied for the identification of contaminated seeds and breeding of forages.
Developing Atom Probe Tomography of Phyllosilicates in Preparation for Extra‐Terrestrial Sample Return
Authors: Daly Luke , Lee Martin R. , Darling James R. , McCarrol Ingrid , Yang Limei , Cairney Julie , Forman Lucy V. , Bland Phillip A. , Benedix Gretchen K. , Fougerouse Denis , Rickard William D. A. , Saxey David W. , Reddy Steven M. , Smith William , Bagot Paul A. J. 
Published: March 2021

Hydrous phyllosilicate minerals, including the serpentine subgroup, are likely to be major constituents of material that will be bought back to Earth by missions to Mars and to primitive asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. Small quantities (< 60 g) of micrometre‐sized, internally heterogeneous material will be available for study, requiring minimally destructive techniques. Many conventional methods are unsuitable for phyllosilicates as they are typically finely crystalline and electron beam‐sensitive resulting in amorphisation and dehydration. New tools will be required for nanoscale characterisation of these precious extra‐terrestrial samples. Here we test the effectiveness of atom probe tomography (APT) for this purpose. Using lizardite from the Ronda peridotite, Spain, as a terrestrial analogue, we outline an effective analytical protocol to extract nanoscale chemical and structural measurements of phyllosilicates. The potential of APT is demonstrated by the unexpected finding that the Ronda lizardite contains SiO‐rich nanophases, consistent with opaline silica that formed as a by‐product of the serpentinisation of olivine. Our new APT approach unlocks previously unobservable nanominerals and nanostructures within phyllosilicates owing to resolution limitations of more established imaging techniques. APT will provide unique insights into the processes and products of water/rock interaction on Earth, Mars and primitive asteroids.
Unsanitized writing practices: Attending to affect and embodiment throughout the research process
Authors: van Eck Dide , van Amsterdam Noortje , van den Brink Marieke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing examples from an ethnographic study of aircraft cleaning, we discuss and illustrate how “writing differently” can be performed throughout the research process—in the literature review, data collection, data analysis, and writing up. We argue that writing differently is an ongoing methodological tool in order to rethink/refeel research practices in ways that generate affective, embodied and caring accounts of empirical organizational contexts, particularly when marginalization is key such as in cleaning work. We turn to poetry to better understand and portray the affective and embodied intensities in different phases in the research project. Furthermore, instead of presenting a sanitized authoritative account of writing so that it becomes recognizable as academic knowledge, we leave in the messiness, struggles, and insecurities in “doing” writing differently.
China: Towards the introduction of dependency/long‐term care insurance
Authors: Gruat Jean‐Victor , Chuan Shi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Chinese social security system has been the subject of numerous publications, which have made policy developments more accessible to researchers and administrators from all countries. However, the steps introduced in response to growing demands for intervention by the authorities in favour of dependent persons have remained poorly documented in the international literature. The purpose of this article is to take stock of pilot experiments in this field since the beginning of the 13th Five‐Year Plan (2016–2020) with regard to their policy objective, operating mode and financing modalities.
Barriers and enablers of recognition and response to deteriorating patients in the acute hospital setting: A theory‐driven interview study using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Smith Duncan , Cartwright Martin , Dyson Judith , Hartin Jillian , Aitken Leanne M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAimTo explore barriers and enablers of recognition and response to signs of patient deterioration by nursing staff in an acute hospital.DesignA theory‐driven interview study underpinned by the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change.MethodsBetween 07/01/2019 and 18/12/2019 a purposive sample of registered nurses and healthcare assistants was recruited to participate in a semi‐structured (audio‐recorded) interview, to explore the determinants of seven specified behaviours of the afferent limb. Anonymised transcripts were deductively coded (using the 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains as coding categories) and then extracts within each domain were inductively analysed to synthesise belief statements and themes. Prioritisation criteria from published literature were applied.ResultsThirty‐two semi‐structured interviews were conducted. From 1,888 quotes, 184 belief statements and 66 themes were synthesised. One hundred and forty‐six belief statements, represented by 58 themes, met prioritisation criteria. Nine domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were of high importance:Knowledge;Social,Professional Role and Identity;Beliefs about Consequences;Reinforcement;Intentions;Goals;Memory,Attention and Decision Processes;Environment,Context and Resources and Social Influences.ConclusionsBarriers and enablers most likely to impact on nursing staff afferent limb behaviour were identified in nine domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework.
MIR137/MIR2682 locus is associated with perineural invasiveness in head and neck cancer
Authors: Čelešnik Helena , Büdefeld Tomaž , Čizmarević Bogdan , Švagan Matija , Potočnik Uroš 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNSCC) is one of the most lethal cancers characterized by high relapse and poor prognosis. Several miRNAs have been implicated in HNSCC, including the tumor suppressor miR‐137. A large CpG island (CpG73) spans most of the miR‐137 gene sequence and stretches 659‐bp downstream, ending just upstream of miR‐2682 in the same host gene. Here, we assessed the role of the MIR137/MIR2682 locus in HNSCC.MethodsMiRNA expression was analyzed in paired cancerous and normal tissues from 77 HNSCC patients by Quantitative Reverse‐Transcription PCR. CpG73 methylation in paired tissues from 48 patients was determined by combined bisulfite restriction analysis. Associations between expression and methylation levels and patient clinicopathological parameters were investigated.ResultsDecreased expression of miR‐137 (P<0.01) and miR‐2682 (P<0.01) precursors was observed in cancerous tissues, most significantly in oropharyngeal tumors. Lower miR‐137 levels correlated with increased perineural invasiveness (P = 0.04). Predicted common miRNA targets MTDH and Notch1 were upregulated in tumor tissues. The CpG73 region between miR‐137 and miR‐2682 was hypermethylated in tumors. Methylation was observed in 60.4% of cancerous compared to 31.6% of normal tissues, and methylation levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) in tumors. Increased methylation correlated with decreased disease‐free patient survival (P = 0.024).ConclusionThe MIR137/MIR2682 locus correlated with HNSCC perineural invasiveness. This is the first report showing miR‐2682 downregulation in head and neck cancer. Our results support the tumor suppressive role of miR‐137 and miR‐2682. The inverse correlation between CpG73 hypermethylation and disease‐free survival suggests this epigenetic mark may have prognostic value in HNSCC.
Clinical utility of quantifying hepatitis B surface antigen in African patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Post Gerrit , Howell Jess , Sow Amina , Ndow Gibril , Chemin Isabelle , Lo Gora , Cessay Amie , Cohen Damien , Njie Ramou , Toure Souleymane , Diop Madoky , Sombie Roger , Nana Jean , Leroy Vincent , Lacombe Karine , Bojang Lamin , Tacke Frank , Toure‐Kane Coumba , Ka Mourtalla , Mendy Maimuna , Mboup Souleymane , Thursz Mark , Shimakawa Yusuke , Ingiliz Patrick , Lemoine Maud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe clinical utility of quantifying hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels in African subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been poorly documented. From a multicentre cohort of 944 HBV‐infected African patients, we aimed to assess whether qHBsAg alone can accurately identify i) those in a HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection phase at low risk of liver disease progression and ii) those in need of antiviral therapy according to the 2017 EASL guidelines. We analysed 770 HBV mono‐infected treatment‐naïve patients, mainly males (61%) from West Africa (92%), median age 35 years (IQR: 30–44), median HBV DNA: 95.6 IU/ml (10.0–1,300.0), median qHBsAg 5,498 IU/ml (1,171–13,000) and HBeAg‐pos 38 (5%). A total of 464/770 (60.2%) patients were classified as HBeAg‐negative chronic infection (median age 36 years (31–46), median ALT 23 IU/l (18–28), median HBV‐DNA 33.5 IU/ml (3.8–154.1), median LSM 4.8 kPa (4.1–5.8)) and qHBsAg levels had poor accuracy to identify these subjects with an AUROC at 0.58 (95%CI: 0.54–0.62), sensitivity 55.0% and specificity 55.6%; 118/770 (15.3%) patients were eligible for treatment according to the 2017 EASL criteria. qHBsAg correlated poorly with HBV DNA and had poor accuracy to select patients for antiviral therapy with an AUROC at 0.54 (0.49–0.60), sensitivity 46.6% and specificity 46.9%. In African treatment‐naïve HBV‐infected subjects, the clinical utility of qHBsAg to identify subjects in HBeAg‐negative infection phase or subjects eligible for antiviral therapy seems futile. Whether qHBsAg levels can be used as a predictor of long‐term liver complications in Africa needs to be further investigated.
Asymmetric effects of changes in the habitat‐forming algae Sargassum on different associated mobile faunas along São Paulo coast, Brazil
Authors: Leite Fosca P. P. , Bottcher Claudia , Lewinsohn Ilana D. A. , Siqueira Silvana G. L. , Mansur Karine F. R. , Longo Pedro A. S. , Vieira Edson A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMacroalgae constitute an important habitat for several marine invertebrates, and their biomass and structural complexity modulates the abundance and diversity of species that live on them. Overall, fluctuations in algae biomass inflict fluctuations in the abundance of the associated mobile macrofauna, but the structure of the community may vary according to how each group/species uses the resources provided by the algal habitat. Here, we evaluated how temporal variations in the biomass of Sargassum algal bed (increase, decrease, or maintenance) can affect the abundance, density, and assemblage structure of distinct associated faunistic groups. The collections were performed in three rocky shores located on the north coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, during Fall and Spring. We observed different patterns of algal substrate variation between sampling events, and this reflected on variable effects on the associated fauna. The algal substrate reduction was accompanied by the reduction in the abundance and density of all associated faunal groups. However, the increase or maintenance of the algal substrate was accompanied by an increase in the abundance of peracarids, due to the dominance of herbivorous species, while other taxonomic groups like mollusks and polychaetes decreased or maintained their abundance, although with higher species evenness of gastropods when alga increases. Seasonal biomass variations in macroalgae beds are relevant for the dynamics of its associated fauna, and our results indicate that some taxonomic groups may preferentially use the available extra resources originated from biomass increment when compared to other groups.
Bayesian Inference in Spatial Stochastic Volatility Models: An Application to House Price Returns in Chicago*
Authors: Taşpınar Süleyman , DoĞan Osman , Chae Jiyoung , Bera Anil K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a spatial stochastic volatility model in which the latent log‐volatility terms follow a spatial autoregressive process. Though there is no spatial correlation in the outcome equation (the mean equation), the spatial autoregressive process defined for the log‐volatility terms introduces spatial dependence in the outcome equation. To introduce a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation algorithm, we transform the model so that the outcome equation takes the form of log‐squared terms. We approximate the distribution of the log‐squared error terms of the outcome equation with a finite mixture of normal distributions so that the transformed model turns into a linear Gaussian state‐space model. Our simulation results indicate that the Bayesian estimator has satisfactory finite sample properties. We investigate the practical usefulness of our proposed model and estimation method by using the price returns of residential properties in the broader Chicago Metropolitan area.
The ontogenetic pattern of neurocentral suture closure in the axial skeleton of Hyperodapedontinae (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) and its evolutionary implications
Authors: Heinrich Clara , Paes Neto Voltaire D. , Lacerda Marcel B. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Fiedler Maico S. , Schultz Cesar L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the ontogeny of a taxon is a crucial step to properly elucidate its taxonomy and evolution. However, aside from histological data, osteological criteria for assessing maturity are considered lineage specific or controversial. The sequence of neurocentral suture closure of the axial skeleton of extant crocodilians, which occurs in a posterior–anterior sequence, is a non‐destructive method used to determine maturity in extinct reptiles. However, its use in extinct archosaurs not closely related to crocodilians is debatable, as the ancestral condition of Archosauria is unknown and variation occurs in timing and sequence orientation within the clade. We have assessed the pattern of neurocentral suture closure of Hyperodapedontinae rhynchosaurs, an early archosauromorph clade distantly related to archosaurs. Unlike extant crocodilians, they exhibit an anterior–posterior sequence neurocentral suture closure. Relative size and other ontogenetic markers suggest that neurocentral closure in the Hyperodapedontinae correlates with aging, although closed sutures were rare in the sample. A high number of open or partially open sutures in mature individuals indicate that they remained open during most of their life. Our study indicates that: (1) the delayed neurocentral closure may be a paedomorphic heterochronic process in Hyperodapedontinae, as it contrasts with the fully closed neurocentral sutures of early diverging non‐hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs; (2) the assumption that open neurocentral sutures indicates immaturity in extinct reptiles is not always correct; and (3) the delayed closure may have originated independently in several archosauromorph lineages, but the ancestral condition of Archosauria probably follows the crocodilian closure pattern.