bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOXO3a acetylation regulates PINK1, mitophagy, inflammasome activation in murine palmitate-conditioned and diabetic macrophages
Authors: Gupta Priya , Sharma Gaurav , Lahiri Amit , Barthwal Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and mitophagy play an important role in cytokine release and diabetes progression; however, the role of saturated fatty acid that is induced under such conditions remains little explored. Therefore, the present study evaluates mechanisms regulating mitophagy and inflammasome activation in primary murine diabetic and palmitate-conditioned wild-type (WT) peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophage, from the diabetic mice and WT mice, challenged with LPS/ATP and palmitate/LPS/ATP, respectively, showed dysfunctional mitochondria as assessed by their membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. A defective mitophagy was observed in the diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages stimulated with LPS/ATP as assessed by translocation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin or p62 in the mitochondrial fraction. Consequently, increased apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL1β secretion were observed in LPS/ATP stimulated diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages. LPS/ATP induced Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) binding to PINK1 promoter and increased PINK1 mRNA expression in WT macrophages. However, PINK1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages in response to LPS/ATP. Palmitate-induced acetyl CoA promoted FOXO3a acetylation, which prevented LPS/ATP-induced FOXO3a binding to the PINK1 promoter. C646 (P300 inhibitor) and SRT1720 (SIRT1 activator) prevented FOXO3a acetylation and restored FOXO3a binding to the PINK1 promoter, PINK1 mRNA expression, and mitophagy in palmitate-conditioned macrophages treated with LPS/ATP. Also, a significant decrease in the LPS/ATP-induced mtROS production, mtDNA release, ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release was observed in the palmitate-conditioned macrophages. Similarly, modulation of FOXO3a acetylation also prevented LPS/ATP-induced mtDNA release and inflammasome activation in diabetic macrophages. Therefore, FOXO3a acetylation regulates PINK1-dependent mitophagy and inflammasome activation in the palmitate-conditioned and diabetic macrophages.
Hybrid transmission expansion planning and reactive power planning considering the real network uncertainties
Authors: Abdi Hamdi , Moradi Mansour , Rashidi Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConventional transmission expansion planning (TEP) has evolved with the increasing influence of distributed generations (DGs) and electric vehicles (EVs). This increases uncertainty in power systems. On the other hand, reactive power plays a key role in voltage stability, so modeling reactive power planning in TEP is very important. The amount of reactive power is a determining factor regarding the stability of the network voltage and in case of shortage, occurrence of some events may endanger the voltage stability. This research aims at proposing a hybrid TEP and reactive power planning for the first time. Furthermore, the impact of wind, PV power plants, and EVs, as the common sources of uncertainties, are included. The ultimate goal of HTEP‐RPP is to find the transmission line candidates that meet the reactive power requirements. The simulation case studies on IEEE 24‐ and 118‐ buses confirm that the TEP based on DCPF may lead to some unreliable operating conditions due to violating the voltage constraints. In this case, the HTEP‐RPP results, by applying the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), are more comprehensive and effective than the results obtained by gravitational search algorithm (GSA), for the studied problem or even the popular TEP solutions.
Articular cartilage thickness changes differ between males and females 4 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pius Alexa K. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Fiorentino Niccolo , Gardner‐Morse Mack , Vacek Pamela M. , DeSarno Mike , Failla Mat , Slauterbeck James R. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Argentieri Erin C. , Tourville Timothy W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction (ACLR) affects articular cartilage thickness profiles about the tibial, femoral, and patellar surfaces; however, it's unclear whether the magnitudes of change in cartilage thickness, as well as the locations and areas over which these changes occur, differ between males and females. This is important to consider as differences exist between the sexes with regard to knee biomechanics, patellofemoral pain, and anatomic alignment, which influence risk of an index and repeated injury. Subjects underwent ACLR with a bone‐patella tendon‐bone autograft. At 4‐year follow‐up, they had asymptomatic knees; however, significant ACL injured‐to‐contralateral normal knee differences in articular cartilage thickness values were observed. Both thickening and thinning of cartilage occurred about the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints, relative to matched control subjects with normal knees. Further, the location of the areas and magnitudes of thickening and thinning were different between females and males. Thickening (swelling) of articular cartilage is an early finding associated with the onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Therefore, the increases in cartilage thickness that were observed in this cohort may represent early signs of the onset of PTOA that occur prior to the patient developing symptoms and radiographic evidence of this disease. The different locations of areas that underwent a change in cartilage thicknesses between males and females suggest that each sex responds differently to knee ligament trauma, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and return to activity, and indicates that sex‐specific analysis should be utilized in studies of PTOA.
Development of magnetism‐assisted in‐tube solid phase microextraction of phenolic acids in fruit juices prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography quantification
Authors: Chen Hexun , Song Xiaochong , Huang Xiaojia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetism‐assisted in‐tube solid phase microextraction based on porous monolith mingled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was developed for capture of phenolic acids in fruit juices. First, poly (1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoro methyl) sulfonyl] imide‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith embedded with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was facile fabrication in a capillary and employed as microextraction column. Subsequently, a magnetic coil adopted to produce variable magnetic fields during extraction stage was twined on the microextraction column. The analytes contents in eluant were quantified by high performance liquid chromatogram with diode array detector. Various parameters affecting the extraction performance were inspected and optimized in detail. Results revealed that the exertion of magnetic fields in adsorption and desorption steps enhanced the extraction efficiencies of analytes from 44.9–64.0% to 78.6–87.1%. Under the optimal extraction factors, the limits of detection were between 0.012 and 0.061 μg/L, relative standard deviations for precision in terms of intra‐ and inter‐day assay variability ranged from 1.9 to 9.8%. The introduced approach was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the contents of five analytes in real fruit juices with satisfying fortified recoveries (80.1–116%). The obtained results well demonstrate the promising potential of the developed method in the highly sensitive quantification of trace phenolic acids in complex samples.
Correlations Between Olfactory Psychophysical Scores and SARS‐CoV‐2 Viral Load in COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Deiana Giovanna , Lechien Jerome R. , De Vito Andrea , Cossu Andrea , Dettori Marco , Del Rio Arcadia , Saussez Sven , Madeddu Giordano , Babudieri Sergio , Fois Alessandro G. , Cocuzza Clementina , Hopkins Claire , De Riu Giacomo , Piana Andrea Fausto 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the severity and duration of olfactory dysfunctions (OD), assessed with psychophysical tests, and the viral load on the rhino‐pharyngeal swab determined with a direct method, in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsPatients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and determination of the normalized viral load on nasopharyngeal swab within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID‐19.ResultsSixty COVID‐19 patients were included in this study. On psychophysical testing, 12 patients (20% of the cohort) presented with anosmia, 11 (18.3%) severe hyposmia, 13 (18.3%) moderate hyposmia, and 10 (16.7%) mild hyposmia with an overall prevalence of OD of 76.7%. The overall median olfactory score was 50 (interquartile range [IQR] 30–72.5) with no significant differences between clinical severity subgroups. The median normalized viral load detected in the series was 2.56E+06 viral copies/106 copies of human beta‐2microglobulin mRNA present in the sample (IQR 3.17E+04–1.58E+07) without any significant correlations with COVID‐19 severity. The correlation between viral load and olfactory scores at baseline (R2 = 0.0007; P = .844) and 60‐day follow‐up (R2 = 0.0077; P = .519) was weak and not significant.ConclusionsThe presence of OD does not seem to be useful in identifying subjects at risk for being super‐spreaders or who is at risk of developing long‐term OD. Similarly, the pathogenesis of OD is probably related to individual factors rather than to viral load and activity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2312–2318, 2021
Creepiness: Its antecedents and impact on loyalty when interacting with a chatbot
Authors: Rajaobelina Lova , Prom Tep Sandrine , Arcand Manon , Ricard Line 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsumers sometimes describe their experience of interacting with artificial intelligence‐based human‐like chatbots as creepy. This study investigates the antecedents of creepiness (i.e., the chatbot's usability, privacy concerns, and user variables such as technology anxiety and the need for human interaction) and its impact on consumer loyalty. Grounded in the technology paradox, it deepens the understanding of creepiness in light of the theoretical underpinnings of the privacy paradox and privacy cynicism. Presented with the task of obtaining a car insurance quote, 430 consumers participated in a simulation involving interaction with a chatbot, followed by a questionnaire. The findings show that creepiness decreases loyalty and indirectly impacts it through trust and negative emotions. While usability reduces perceptions of creepiness, privacy concerns raised by the interaction with the chatbot increase creepiness, which is positively associated with consumer traits (i.e., technology anxiety and need for human interaction). The main contribution of the research lies in its focus on creepiness, a concept under‐researched in the marketing literature, and which can be seen from the perspective of a coping mechanism for consumers’ privacy concerns. This paper provides practical implications to orient managers in the design and implementation of chatbots, as a promising touch point to build customer loyalty.
Natural History of Polymerase Gamma–Related Ataxia
Authors: Bender Friedemann , Timmann Dagmar , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Adarmes‐Gómez Astrid D. , Bender Benjamin , Thieme Andreas , Synofzik Matthis , Schöls Ludger 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma are causing a wide phenotypic spectrum including ataxia as one of the most common presentations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the course of disease of polymerase gamma–related ataxia.MethodsIn a prospective natural history study, we assessed 24 adult ataxia patients with biallelic polymerase gamma mutations for (1) severity of cerebellar dysfunction using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, (2) presence of nonataxia signs using the Inventory of Non‐Ataxia Symptoms, (3) gray‐ and white‐matter changes in brain MRI, and (4) findings in nerve conduction studies.ResultsAssessment included follow‐up visits up to 11.6 years. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia showed a mean annual increase of 1.02 ± 0.78 points/year. Disease progression was faster in patients with age at onset ≤ 30 years (1.5 Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia points/year) than with later onset (0.5 points/year); P = 0.008. The Inventory of Non‐Ataxia Symptoms count increased by 0.30 ± 0.4 points/year. External ophthalmoplegia, brain stem oculomotor signs, areflexia, and sensory deficits were the most common nonataxic features. On MRI cerebellar atrophy was mild. T2 signal alterations affected mostly cerebellar white matter, middle cerebellar peduncles, thalamus, brain stem, and occipital and frontal white matter. Within 4 years, progression was primarily observed in the context of repeated epileptic seizures. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal sensory peripheral neuropathy with mild motor nerve involvement. Exploratory sample size calculation implied 38 patients per arm as sufficient to detect a reduction of progression by 50% in hypothetical interventions within a 1‐year trial.ConclusionThe results recommend the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia as a primary outcome measure for future interventional trials in polymerase gamma–related ataxia. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A circularly polarized low‐profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna
Authors: Wu Siyu , Zhao Jianping , Xu Juan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we proposed a novel circularly polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna with low profile, which is excited by substrate integrated waveguide aperture‐coupled feeding structure with a butterfly‐shaped slot. The ME dipole antenna is formed of a couple of oblong metallic patches with square corner cutting off and elliptic perturbation acting as electric dipole, and two couples of vertical metalized via holes working as magnetic dipole. The profile of the antenna is 0.122λ0. The antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 32.6% for |S11| smaller than −10 dB from 22.6 to 31.3 GHz and the 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth (BW) of 12.8% from 22.6 to 25.7 GHz. Moreover, the gain is maintained over 6 dB for a large portion of the operational BW. The measured boresight gain is 7.8 dB.
Feasibility of diffusion weighting with a local inside‐out nonlinear gradient coil for prostate MRI
Authors: Hoque Bhuiyan Enamul , Dewdney Andrew , Weinreb Jeffrey , Galiana Gigi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeProstate cancer remains the second leading cancer killer of men, yet it is also a disease with a high rate of overtreatment. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has shown promise as a reliable, grade‐sensitive imaging method, but it is limited by low image quality. Currently, DWI quality image is directly related to low gradient amplitudes, since weak gradients must be compensated with long echo times.MethodsWe propose a new type of MRI accessory, an “inside‐out” and nonlinear gradient, whose sole purpose is to deliver diffusion encoding to a region of interest. Performance was simulated in OPERA and the resulting fields were used to simulate DWI with two‐compartment and kurtosis models. Experiments with a nonlinear head gradient prove the accuracy of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps encoded with nonlinear gradients.ResultsSimulations validated thermal and mechanical safety while showing a 5‐ to 10‐fold increase in gradient strength over prostate. With these strengths, lesion contrast to noise ratio in ADC maps approximately doubled for a range of anatomical positions. Proof‐of‐principle experiments show that spatially varying b‐values can be corrected for accurate DWI and ADC.ConclusionsDedicated nonlinear diffusion encoding hardware could improve prostate DWI.
Radiation shielding and safety implications following linac conversion to an electron FLASH‐RT unit
Authors: Poirier Yannick , Mossahebi Sina , Becker Stewart J. , Koger Brandon , Xu Junliang , Lamichhane Narrotam , Maxim Peter G. , Sawant Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeDue to their finite range, electrons are typically ignored when calculating shielding requirements in megavoltage energy linear accelerator vaults. However, the assumption that 16 MeV electrons need not be considered does not hold when operated at FLASH‐RT dose rates (~200× clinical dose rate), where dose rate from bremsstrahlung photons is an order of magnitude higher than that from an 18 MV beam for which shielding was designed. We investigate the shielding and radiation protection impact of converting a Varian 21EX linac to FLASH‐RT dose rates.MethodsWe performed a radiation survey in all occupied areas using a Fluke Biomedical Inovision 451P survey meter and a Wide Energy Neutron Detection Instrument (Wendi)‐2 FHT 762 neutron detector. The dose rate from activated linac components following a 1.8‐min FLASH‐RT delivery was also measured.ResultsWhen operated at a gantry angle of 180° such as during biology experiments, the 16 MeV FLASH‐RT electrons deliver ~10 µSv/h in the controlled areas and 780 µSv/h in the uncontrolled areas, which is above the 20 µSv in any 1‐h USNRC limit. However, to exceed 20 µSv, the unit must be operated continuously for 92 s, which corresponds in this bunker and FLASH‐RT beam to a 3180 Gy workload at isocenter, which would be unfeasible to deliver within that timeframe due to experimental logistics. While beam steering and dosimetry activities can require workloads of that magnitude, during these activities, the gantry is positioned at 0° and the dose rate in the uncontrolled area becomes undetectable. Likewise, neutron activation of linac components can reach 25 µSv/h near the isocenter following FLASH‐RT delivery, but dissipates within minutes, and total doses within an hour are below 20 µSv.ConclusionBremsstrahlung photons created by a 16 MeV FLASH‐RT electron beam resulted in consequential dose rates in controlled and uncontrolled areas, and from activated linac components in the vault. While our linac vault shielding proved sufficient, other investigators would be prudent to confirm the adequacy of their radiation safety program, particularly if operating in vaults designed for 6 MV.
Heart‐centered positioning and tailored beam‐shaping filtration for reduced radiation dose in coronary artery calcium imaging: A Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Study
Authors: Colvert Brendan , Rigolli Marzia , Craine Amanda , Criqui Michael , Contijoch Francisco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeCardiac computed tomography has a clear clinical role in the evaluation of coronary artery disease and assessment of coronary artery calcium (CAC) but the use of ionizing radiation limits the clinical use. Beam‐shaping “bow‐tie” filters determine the radiation dose and the effective scan field‐of‐view diameter (SFOV) by delivering higher X‐ray fluence to a region centered at the isocenter. A method for positioning the heart near the isocenter could enable reduced SFOV imaging and reduce dose in cardiac scans. However, a predictive approach to center the heart, the extent to which heart centering can reduce the SFOV, and the associated dose reductions have not been assessed. The purpose of this study is to build a heart‐centered patient positioning model, to test whether it reduces the SFOV required for accurate CAC scoring, and to quantify the associated reduction in radiation dose.MethodsThe location of 38,184 calcium lesions (3151 studies) in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was utilized to build a predictive heart‐centered positioning model and compare the impact of SFOV on CAC scoring accuracy in heart‐centered and conventional body‐centered scanning. Then, the positioning model was applied retrospectively to an independent, contemporary cohort of 118 individuals (81 with CAC > 0) at our institution to validate the model's ability to maintain CAC accuracy while reducing the SFOV. In these patients, the reduction in dose associated with a reduced SFOV beam‐shaping filter was quantified.ResultsHeart centering reduced the SFOV diameter 25.7% relative to body centering while maintaining high CAC scoring accuracy (0.82% risk reclassification rate). In our validation cohort, imaging at this reduced SFOV with heart‐centered positioning and tailored beam‐shaping filtration led to a 26.9% median dose reduction (25–75th percentile: 21.6%–29.8%) without any calcium risk reclassification.ConclusionsHeart‐centered patient positioning enables a significant radiation dose reduction while maintaining CAC accuracy.
H‐scan trajectories indicate the progression of specific diseases
Authors: Baek Jihye , Parker Kevin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe ability of ultrasound to assess pathology is increasing with the development of quantitative parameters. Among these are a set of parameters derived from the recent H‐scan analysis of subresolvable scattering. The emergence of these quantitative measures of tissue/ultrasound interactions now enables a study of the unique trajectories of multiparametric features in multidimensional space, representing the progression of specific diseases over time. We develop the mathematical and visual tools that are effective for classifying, quantifying, and visualizing the steady progression of several diseases from independent studies, all within a uniform framework.MethodsAfter applying the H‐scan analysis of ultrasound echoes, we trained a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the unique trajectories of progressive liver disease from fibrosis, steatosis, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis. Our approaches include the development of trajectory maps and disease‐specific color imaging stains.ResultsThe multidimensional SVM image classification reached 100% accuracy across the three different studies.ConclusionH‐scan trajectories can be useful to track the progression of multiple classes of diseases, improving diagnosis, staging, and assessing the response to therapy.