bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical implication of quantitative flow ratio to predict clinical events after drug‐coated balloon angioplasty in patients with in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Tang Jiani , Hou Hanjing , Chu Jiapeng , Chen Fei , Yao Yian , Gao Yanhua , Ye Zi , Zhuang Shaowei , Lai Yan , Liu Xuebo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between the quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and adverse events after drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) lesions has not been investigated.HypothesisPost‐procedural QFR is related to adverse events in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for ISR lesions.MethodsThis retrospective study included data from patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for drug‐eluting stent (DES) ISR between January 2016 and February 2019. The QFR was measured at baseline and after DCB angioplasty. The endpoint was the vessel‐oriented composite endpoint (VOCE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization.ResultsOverall, 177 patients with 185 DES‐ISR lesions were included. During 1‐year follow‐up, 27 VOCEs occurred in 26 patients. The area under curve (AUC) of the post‐procedural QFR was statistically greater than that of the in‐stent percent diameter stenosis (0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.87 vs. 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.75; p = .032). Final QFR cutoff of 0.94 has the best predictive accuracy for VOCE. A QFR > 0.94 was associated with a lower risk of VOCE compared to a QFR ≤ 0.94 (log‐rank test, p < .0001). Survival analysis using the multivariable Cox model showed that a post‐procedural QFR ≤ 0.94 was an independent predictor of 1‐year VOCE (hazard ratio 6.53, 95% CI 2.70–15.8, p < .001).ConclusionsA lower QFR value was associated with worse clinical outcomes at 1 year after DCB angioplasty for DES‐ISR.
Parafacial neurons in the human brainstem express specific markers for neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Droz‐Bartholet François , Achour Melyna , Facchinetti Patricia , Parratte Bernard , Giuliano François 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is a hub for respiratory chemoregulation in the mammal brainstem that integrates chemosensory information from peripheral sites and central relays. Chemosensitive neurons of the RTN express specific genetic and molecular determinants, which have been used to identify RTN precise location within the brainstem of rodents and nonhuman primates. Based on a comparative approach, we hypothesized that among mammals, neurons exhibiting the same specific molecular and genetic signature would have the same function. The co‐expression of preprogalanin (PPGAL) and SLC17A6 (VGluT2) mRNAs with duplex in situ hybridization has been studied in formalin fixed paraffin‐embedded postmortem human brainstems. Two specimens were processed and analyzed in line with RTN descriptions in adult rats and macaques. Double‐labeled PPGAL+/SLC17A6+ neurons were only identified in the parafacial region of the brainstem. These neurons were found surrounding the nucleus of the facial nerve, located ventrally to the nucleus VII on caudal sections, and slightly more dorsally on rostral sections. The expression of neuromedin B (NMB) mRNA as a single marker of chemosensitive RTN neurons has not been confirmed in humans. The location of the RTN in human adults is provided. This should help to develop investigation tools combining anatomic high‐resolution imaging and respiratory functional investigations to explore the pathogenic role of the RTN in congenital or acquired neurodegenerative diseases.
Nitrergic neurons of the forepaw representation in the rat somatosensory and motor cortices: A quantitative study
Authors: Guimaraes Bárbara de Paula Pires Franco , Curado Marco Rocha , Nogueira‐Campos Anaelli Aparecida , Houzel Jean Christophe , Gattass Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitrergic neurons (NNs) are inhibitory neurons capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) that are labeled with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry. The rat primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices are a favorable model to investigate NN populations by comparing their morphology, since these areas share the border of forepaw representation. The distribution of the Type I NN of the forepaw representation in the S1 and M1 cortices of the rat in different laminar compartments and the morphological parameters related to the cell body and dendritic arborization were measured and compared. We observed that the neuronal density in the S1 (130 NN/mm3) was higher than the neuronal density in the M1 (119 NN/mm3). Most NN neurons were multipolar (S1 with 58%; M1 with 69%), and a minority of the NN neurons were horizontal (S1 with 6%; M1 with 12%). NN found in S1 had a higher verticality index than NN found in M1, and no significant differences were observed for the other morphological parameters. We also demonstrated significant differences in most of the morphological parameters of the NN between different cortical compartments of S1 and M1. Our results indicate that the NN of the forepaw in S1 and M1 corresponds to a neuronal population, where the functionality is independent of the different types of sensory and motor processing. However, the morphological differences found between the cortical compartments of S1 and M1, as well as the higher density of NNs found in S1, indicate that the release of NO varies between the areas.
Rotation and tillage effects on forage cropping systems productivity and resource use
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Obour Augustine K. , Assefa Yared 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimited information is available on what forage rotations and tillage practices increase forage productivity in the U.S. Great Plains region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate crop rotation and tillage effects on individual crop and overall system productivity. The study was conducted from 2012–2020 near Garden City, KS. The experiment was an incomplete factorial combination of four rotations and two tillage practices including sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–sorghum (S–S) no‐till (NT), triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale ×Triticum)]/sorghum–sorghum–oat (Avena sativa L.; T/S–S–O) reduced till (RT), triticale/sorghum–sorghum–sorghum‐oat (T/S–S–S–O) NT, T/S–S–S–O RT, and triticale–sorghum–oat (T–S–O) NT. Results showed annualized forage accumulation with S–S and T/S–S–S–O (NT and RT) rotations were 31–58% greater than T/S–S–O (NT) and T–S–O (NT). Annualized water use from each rotation was in the order T/S–S–S–O (RT) = T/S–S–S–O (NT) > T/S–S–O (RT) = T/S–S–O (NT) > T–S–O (NT) = S–S (NT). Sorghum forage accumulation was 43% greater and water use was 23% greater in a nondouble crop sequence than sorghum double crop after triticale. We concluded that T/S–S–S–O (NT and RT) rotations have better crop diversity than continuous S–S (NT) and greater annualized forage productivity than T/S–S–O (NT and RT) and T–S–O (NT) rotations.
Flow‐process controls on grain type distribution in an experimental turbidity current deposit: Implications for detrital signal preservation and microplastic distribution in submarine fans
Authors: Bell Daniel , Soutter Euan L. , Cumberpatch Zoë A. , Ferguson Ross A. , Spychala Yvonne T. , Kane Ian A. , Eggenhuisen Joris T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeep‐water depositional systems are the ultimate sink for vast quantities of terrigenous sediment, organic carbon and anthropogenic pollutants, forming valuable archives of environmental change. Our understanding of the distribution of these particles and the preservation of environmental signals, in deep‐water systems is limited due to the inaccessibility of modern systems, and the incomplete nature of ancient systems. Here, the deposit of a physically modelled turbidity current was sampled (n = 49) to determine how grain size and grain type vary spatially. The turbidity current had a sediment concentration of 17%. The sediment consisted of, by weight, 65% quartz sand (2.65 g/cm3), 17.5% silt (2.65 g/cm3), 7.5% clay (2.60 g/cm3) and 5% each of sand‐grade garnet (3.90 g/cm3) and microplastic fragments (1.50 g/cm3). The grain size and composition of each sample was determined using laser diffraction and density separation, respectively. The results show that: (a) bulk grain size coarsened axially downstream on the basin floor challenging the notion that basin floor deposits fine radially from an apex upon becoming unconfined; (b) no sample composition matched the input composition of the flow, indicating that allogenic signals can be autogenically shredded and spatially variable in sediment gravity flow deposits; and (c) microplastic fragments were concentrated in levee and lateral basin floor fringe positions; however, microplastic concentrations in these positions were lower than input, suggesting microplastics bypassed the sampled positions. These findings have implications for: (a) the development of ‘finger‐like’ geometries and facies distributions observed in modern and ancient systems; (b) interpreting environmental signals in the stratigraphic record; and (c) predicting the distribution of microplastics on the sea floor.
Prevalence and intensity of avian malaria in a quail hybrid zone
Authors: Roth Allison M. , Keiser Carl N. , Williams Judson B. , Gee Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHybrid zones have been described as natural laboratories by researchers who study speciation and the various mechanisms that may affect gene flow. The evolutionary consequences of hybridization depend not only on reproductive compatibility between sympatric species, but also on factors like vulnerability to each other's predators and parasites. We examined infection patterns of the blood parasiteHaemoproteus lophortyx, a causative agent of avian malaria, at a site in the contact zone between California quail (Callipepla californica) and Gambel's quail (C. gambelii). Controlling for the potential influence of sex and year, we tested whether species identity predicted infection status and intensity. We found that infection prevalence was lower in California and hybrid quail compared with Gambel's quail. However, infected California and hybrid quail had higher infection intensities than Gambel's quail. California and hybrid quail exhibited no significant differences in prevalence or intensity of infection. These findings suggest that infection byH. lophortyxhas the potential to influence species barrier dynamics in this system; however, more work is necessary to determine the exact evolutionary consequences of this blood parasite on hybridization.
Trading off benefits and requirements: How do city networks attract cities to their voluntary environmental programmes?
Authors: Cortes Berrueta Sayel , van der Heijden Jeroen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVoluntary programmes provide city networks with a central link to their city members. These voluntary programmes provide cities with benefits (e.g., knowledge, recognition, access to resources) if they meet the city network's programme requirements. This article seeks to understand how city networks make trade‐offs between programme benefits and requirements to attract cities to the programmes they offer. We do so by analysing 55 voluntary programmes offered by 22 climate‐related city networks using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). We are particularly interested in the design of voluntary programmes that attract large numbers of participants. We find three main insights. First, programmes with a clear, single benefit are more attractive to city members than programmes with a broad range of benefits. Second, the combination of programme requirements and commitments allows city networks to target cohorts of cities based on their capacities and needs. Finally, cities are attracted to programmes that do not explicitly ask for direct results.
The Role of Pioneering Hole Transporting Materials in New Generation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ozturk Teoman , Akman Erdi , Surucu Belkis , Dursun Huseyin , Ozkaya Veysel , Akin Seckin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the impressive progresses, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing operationally instable organic hole transporting layers (HTLs) are still far from the upscaling applications. Therefore, the development of new sustainable materials to meet the commercialization requirements is of great urgency. In addition, the high cost resulting from the complex production conditions of organic HTL materials is another limiting factor that must be overcome in the way of commercialization. Although various structures and types of HTL materials have been reported in this context, inorganic‐based materials have attracted the greatest attention both in terms of low‐cost and long‐term stability. However, inorganic HTL‐based cells have not yet reached the efficiency values of organic HTL‐based cells. In this mini Review, it is aimed to evaluate the alternative HTL materials only performing a destructive role in n‐i‐p architecture in terms of cell performance, stability, and cost. Hereof, a general evaluation of the HTL materials reported in the literature has been made and the effects of these materials on the cell performance have been elaborated and discussed.
Aerobic Liquor Washing Improves the Quality of Crude Palm Oil by Reducing Free Fatty Acids and Chloride Contents
Authors: Chew Chien Lye , Kong Pei San , Chan Eng‐Seng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe presence of free fatty acids (FFA) and chloride contents in crude palm oil is not desirable because they have an impact on oil quality and food safety. This work presents a method to reduce these compounds by washing the crude palm oil (CPO) with treated aerobic liquor (AL). The effects of process parameters on the reduction of FFA and chloride in CPO and the resultant 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2 diol ester (3‐MCPDE) formed after refining are investigated. The results show that the AL dosage, initial FFA content, mixing speed, and duration have significant influence on the reduction of FFA in the CPO. Meanwhile, the chloride content is reduced by approximately 50% regardless of the AL dosage used. Consequently, the 3‐MCPDE content in the oil after refining is up to 53% lower than that of the refined oil produced from the untreated CPO. Furthermore, an oil recovery above 97% can be achieved after the AL‐washing step. The implementation strategy of this method in the palm oil mills has also been proposed. In conclusion, an effective and sustainable method for in situ improvements of the quality and food safety of palm oil has been developed without the need for additional water or chemical.Practical Applications: Treated aerobic liquor can be used to wash the CPO in palm oil mill for in situ reductions of FFA and chloride contents in CPO to improve the oxidative stability of CPO. The lower content of chlorides in CPO could mitigate the formation of 3‐MCPDE during refining, thus improving the food safety of palm oil. This method can readily be implemented by the industry and it is sustainable because it does not require the use of additional process water or chemical.
A low‐cost and high‐throughput benchtop cell sorter for isolating white blood cells from whole blood
Authors: Lu Xiaoguang , Tayebi Mahnoush , Ai Ye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability to isolate and purify white blood cells (WBCs) from mixed ensembles such as blood would benefit autologous cell‐based therapeutics as well as diagnosis of WBC disorders. Current WBCs isolation methods have the limitations of low purity or requiring complex and expensive equipment. In addition, due to the overlap in size distribution between lymphocytes (i.e., a sub‐population of WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs), it is challenging to achieve isolation of entire WBCs populations. In this work, we developed an inertial microfluidics‐based cell sorter, which enables size‐based, high‐throughput isolation, and enrichment of WBCs from RBC‐lysed whole blood. Using the developed inertial microfluidic chip, the sorting resolution is sharpened within 2 μm, which achieved separation between 3 and 5 μm diameter particles. Thus, with the present cell sorter, a full population of WBCs can be isolated from RBC‐lysed blood samples with recovery ratio of 92%, and merely 5% difference in the composition percentage of the three subpopulations of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes compared to the original sample. Furthermore, our cell sorter is designed to enable broad application of size‐based inertial cell sorting by supplying a series of microchips with different sorting cutoff size. This strategy allows us to further enrich the lymphocytes population by twofold using another microchip with a cutoff size between 10 and 15 μm. With simplicity and efficiency, our cell sorter provides a powerful platform for isolating and sorting of WBCs and also envisions broad potential sorting applications for other cell types.
Potential Solar Replacement of Hydroelectricity to Reopen Rivers: Maine as a Case Example
Authors: Sharma Shailesh , Waldman John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydroelectricity provides 6% of U.S. electrical power needs, but hydro-dams block migrations of both anadromous and catadromous fishes. Engineered fishways have been built to facilitate fish movements past dams, but many have performed poorly. Dam removal is an effective way of restoring dwindling migratory fish populations by allowing unrestricted pathways to their spawning areas and for the downstream migrations of post-spawning adults and juveniles. However, hydro-dam removals result in a loss of electricity production. For the replacement of energy foregone from a dam removal, various alternative energy installations are now feasible. Here, we present a one-to-one conceptual replacement of hydropower with photovoltaic (PV) outputs for large and small river systems in Maine. We estimate that the equivalent land area needed to replace 14 hydro-dams with PV panels in the Kennebec River watershed—producing an annual mean (±SE) of 1,101.7 ± 37.9 gigawatt-hours—is 950.7 ± 32.8 ha, which is equivalent to 22% of the existing reservoir area. For the Mousam River, three hydro-dams could be replaced with 0.38 ha of PV. Our results indicate that modest land areas are needed to replace hydroelectricity with PV from even heavily dammed rivers, providing a realistic and potentially highly effective conservation policy option for Maine and for elsewhere.
Processing technology optimization for tofu curded by fermented yellow whey using response surface methodology
Authors: Huang Zhanrui , He Wanying , Zhao Liangzhong , Liu Haiyu , Zhou Xiaojie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe technological applications utilized for tofu processing are diverse and complex, resulting in different yields and quality characteristics of tofu. The current study investigated the gel‐forming principle of soybean protein coagulated using fermented yellow whey (FYW) to produce tofu. The effects of several processing parameters (soybean‐to‐water ratio, boiling temperature, boiling time, and FYW content) on the yield and protein content of tofu produced by the boiling‐to‐filtering method (BFM) were studied and optimized using response surface methodology. Results indicated significant differences in yield and protein content of tofu using different processing parameters, with FYW content being the most significant (p < .05). Optimum processing parameters of the BFM were found to be: soybean‐to‐water ratio of 1:5 (kg:kg), boiling time 6.1 min, boiling temperature 105°C, and FYW content of 26%. Under optimum conditions, tofu's yield and protein content were 235.17 g/100 g and 10.60%, respectively, and these were 47.93 g/100 g and 4.16% higher than those before optimization. This study provides practical technical support and a theoretical basis for the standardized industrial production of high‐yield and high‐protein tofu.
Comparison of structural MRI brain measures between 1.5 and 3 T: Data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Buchanan Colin R. , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Valdés Hernández Maria C. , Ballerini Lucia , Barclay Gayle , Taylor Adele M. , Russ Tom C. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Deary Ian J. , Bastin Mark E. , Cox Simon R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMulti‐scanner MRI studies are reliant on understanding the apparent differences in imaging measures between different scanners. We provide a comprehensive analysis of T1‐weighted and diffusion MRI (dMRI) structural brain measures between a 1.5 T GE Signa Horizon HDx and a 3 T Siemens Magnetom Prisma using 91 community‐dwelling older participants (aged 82 years). Although we found considerable differences in absolute measurements (global tissue volumes were measured as ~6–11% higher and fractional anisotropy [FA] was 33% higher at 3 T than at 1.5 T), between‐scanner consistency was good to excellent for global volumetric and dMRI measures (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] range: .612–.993) and fair to good for 68 cortical regions (FreeSurfer) and cortical surface measures (mean ICC: .504–.763). Between‐scanner consistency was fair for dMRI measures of 12 major white matter tracts (mean ICC: .475–.564), and the general factors of these tracts provided excellent consistency (ICC ≥ .769). Whole‐brain structural networks provided good to excellent consistency for global metrics (ICC ≥ .612). Although consistency was poor for individual network connections (mean ICCs: .275−.280), this was driven by a large difference in network sparsity (.599 vs. .334), and consistency was improved when comparing only the connections present in every participant (mean ICCs: .533–.647). Regression‐based k‐fold cross‐validation showed that, particularly for global volumes, between‐scanner differences could be largely eliminated (R2 range .615–.991). We conclude that low granularity measures of brain structure can be reliably matched between the scanners tested, but caution is warranted when combining high granularity information from different scanners.
Cortactin expression assessment improves patient selection for a watchful waiting strategy in pT1cN0‐staged oral squamous cell carcinomas with a tumor infiltration depth below 4 mm
Authors: Boeve Koos , Mastik Mirjam F. , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Witjes Max J. H. , van der Vegt Bert , Schuuring Ed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this feasibility study we aimed to evaluate the value of previously reported molecular tumor biomarkers associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to optimize neck strategy selection criteria.MethodsThe association between expression of cortactin, cyclin D1, FADD, RAB25, and S100A9 and sentinel lymph node status was evaluated in a series of 87 (cT1‐2N0) patients with OSCC treated with primary resection and SLNB procedure.ResultsTumor infiltration depth and tumor pattern of invasion were independent prognostic markers for SLN status, while none of the tumor makers showed a better prognostic value to replace SLNB as neck staging technique in the total cohort. However, in the subgroup of patients with pT1N0 OSCC, cortactin expression (OR 16.0, 95%CI 2.0–127.9) was associated with SLN classification.ConclusionsExpression of cortactin is a promising immunohistochemical tumor marker to identify patients at low risk that may not benefit from SLNB or END.