bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Guangui , Wang Kai , Jiang Zhao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic and therapeutic implications of microvessel density (MVD) in the recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) in prostate cancer (PCa). As of April 2019, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct/Elsevier, MEDLINE, and CNKI are used for systematic literature retrieval to investigate the correlation between MVD and PCa. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager and Stata software. Combined hazard ratio (HR) was identified with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in a random or fixed effects model. Thirteen studies were identified in this article. Of which, 8 studies analyzed for the recurrence-free survival (2,399 patients) demonstrated that MVD significantly elevated in the poor recurrence-free survival (HR 2.57, 95% CI 2.21–2.97). Other 2 eligible studies (330 patients) with 3 data sets for the MVD-OS analysis and the pooled HR (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.27–2.28) suggested a weak risk of overall death rate in patients with high-MVD levels. The last 3 studies for disease-specific survival (220 patients) suggested that the association with high MVD and disease-specific survival may not have statistically significance (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.49–3.56). This study suggests that high intratumoral MVD appears a significant progenitor for poor recurrence-free survival of PCa.
Hosoya properties of the commuting graph associated with the group of symmetries
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rani Anam , Salman Muhammad , Noreen Tahira , Ali Usman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA vast amount of information about distance based graph invariants is contained in the Hosoya polynomial. Such an information is helpful to determine well-known distance based molecular descriptors. The Hosoya index orZ-index of a graphGis the total number of its matching. The Hosoya index is a prominent example of topological indices, which are of great interest in combinatorial chemistry, and later on it applies to address several chemical properties in molecular structures. In this article, we investigate Hosoya properties (Hosoya polynomial, reciprocal Hosoya polynomial and Hosoya index) of the commuting graph associated with an algebraic structure developed by the symmetries of regular molecular gones (constructed by atoms with regular atomic-bonding).
Using the Church to maximize the potential of learners with special needs
Authors: Obiakor Gina C. , Obiakor Kristen E. , Obiakor Festus E. , Jones Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Learners with special needs experience myriad problems in general and special education. These problems range from minor academic, social, emotional, and behavioral problems to major disenfranchisements, disadvantages, and disillusionments. In addition, these problems can be very intense. As a result, they call for innovative and creative techniques that include using the Church as a spiritual tool in educational activities. As educators and health professionals who are also Christians, we believe using the Church can assist in remediating the plights of these learners with special needs and in maximizing their fullest potential in school and in life. This is the focus of this article.
Unmixing octopus camouflage by multispectral mapping of Octopus bimaculoides’ chromatic elements
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Levy Guy , Matzeu Giusy , Finkelstein Joshua M. , Levin Michael , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cephalopods camouflage abilities arise from highly specialized chromatic elements in their skin, chromatophores, iridophores, and leucophores, that enable them to display complex and rapidly changing color patterns. Despite the extensive study of these chromatic elements in squid and cuttlefish, full characterization of their individual optical response is still elusive in the Octopus species. We present here detailed multispectral analysis and mapping of the Octopus bimaculoides skin that allows to precisely identify the spatial distribution of the animal’s pigmented and structural elements. The mutual interaction of chromatophores and iridophores is also characterized both in terms of spectral response and spatial localization. The spectral information obtained through this analysis helps to understand the complexity and behavior of these natural tissues while continuing to serve as an inspiration for the fabrication of advanced, chromatically adaptable materials.
Synthesis and crystal structure of di-tert-butyl 1″-acetyl-2,2″,9′-trioxo-4a′,9a′-dihydro-1′H,3′H,9′H-dispiro[indoline-3,2′-xanthene-4′,3″-indoline]-1,3′-dicarboxylate, C39H38N2O9
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Liu Xiong-Li , Li Xiao-Peng , Zheng Hao-Nan , Weng A-Tong , Feng Ling-Ying , Liu Lu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
C39H38N2O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.9846(6) Å, b = 31.4308(13) Å, c = 11.5739(6) Å, β = 110.712(7)°, V = 3397.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0596, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1221, T = 293 K.
Health and exposure risk assessment of heavy metals in rainwater samples from selected locations in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Omokpariola Daniel Omeodisemi , Omokpariola Patrick Leonard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rainwater has being getting popularity in use due to lack of portable water sources in Nigeria. The study seeks to evaluate the health and exposure risk assessment of heavy metals from the usage of rainwater from inhabitants of four oil producing area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 32 rainwater samples were collected from different sampling surfaces (ambient, zinc, aluminium, asbestos and stone-coated) to analyse for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrophotometer. Analysed concentration (mg/L) showed varying results across different sampling surfaces converted to average concentration (mg/kg) was below WHO/FAO recommended guideline with no issue associated. Health and Exposure risk assessment were performed on analysed results from rainwater samples as non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that HI value is less than 1.0 indicating no risk to population who consumes rainwater across different roofing surfaces in Rivers state. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that chromium-VI were found to be the highest contributor to cancer risk across all sampling surfaces. Special treatment and regulations should be taken into consideration especially on stone-coated roof before administering to children, as they are prone to health issues due to developing immunity compared to adults.
Experimental investigation of ternary mixture of diclofenac sodium with pharmaceutical excipients
Authors: Fayrouz Djellouli , Abdallah Dahmani , Aicha Hassani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work was the study of drug-excipient interactions of ternary mixtures between diclofenac sodium when introduced with excipients commonly explored in solid dosage formulas such as microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid obtained by three methods. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structural characterization technique of diffraction (XRPD) were used to investigate the characterization and potential physical and chemical interactions of solid products of diclofenac sodium with excipients prepared by different methods. This work revealed a possible interaction between diclofenac sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, and stearic acid in mixture prepared by microwave irradiation also; it was found compatibility for ternary mixtures prepared by physical mixture and co evaporation methods. Results of this study can be useful in the development of the method of preparation and select adequate excipients with suitable compatibility.
Negative Liquidationspräferenzen oder: Weniger ist mehr
Authors: Kuntz Thilo , Engelhardt Janosch 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung

Herkömmliche Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsprogramme gehen bei Wachstumsunternehmen für die Begünstigten mit unerwünschten steuerlichen Konsequenzen einher. Während für die jungen Unternehmen mangels ausreichender Liquidität häufig nur eine zumindest partiell auf Beteiligung an der Gesellschaft beruhende Vergütung ihrer Arbeitnehmer in Betracht kommt, laufen die begünstigten Personen Gefahr, wirtschaftlich schlechter zu stehen als bei reiner Barvergütung. Für „Start-Ups“ und andere Wachstumsunternehmen wird es dadurch umso schwieriger, qualifizierte Fachkräfte zu gewinnen. Im Vereinigten Königreich können Mitarbeiter dank sogenannter growth shares am unternehmerischen Erfolg partizipieren, ohne dass aus dem Bezug der Anteile ein steuerwirksamer Mittelzufluss entsteht. Der Beitrag beleuchtet zunächst die einkommensteuerrechtliche Ausgangslage aus Mitarbeiterperspektive und unterzieht insbesondere den zum 1. Juli 2021 in Kraft tretenden § 19a EStG n.F. einer kritischen Würdigung. Sodann geht er der Frage nach, ob der britische Ansatz durch die Implementierung „negativer Liquidationspräferenzen“ unter den Voraussetzungen des deutschen Steuer- und Kapitalgesellschaftsrechts nachgebildet werden kann. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den spezifischen Regulierungsproblemen der Finanzierung von Wachstumsunternehmen, insbesondere im Venture Capital-Bereich. Als Gestaltungsmittel erfahren sowohl die Satzung als auch schuldvertragliche Verteilungsabreden nähere Berücksichtigung.
Images et société à Reichenau, vers l’an mil : les peintures d’Oberzell et les manuscrits apparentés
Authors: Franzé Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The iconography of the wall paintings of the church of Saint George at Oberzell on Reichenau Island, specimens of Pre-Romanesque frescoes variously dated between the end of the ninth century and around the year 1000, and its underlying program remain contested, if not elusive. An exegetical reading of the eight scenes chosen to decorate the walls of the church, however, gives a unitary, programmatic meaning to the décor: an image of the Ecclesia, of the society of the faithful, the decoration enhances the priesthood and recalls its necessary intermediation in the access to salvation. These are the same intentions which shape the illuminated manuscripts of the Liuthar group, especially the Bamberg Collection (Msc. Bibl. 22). As conceived by the Benedictine monks of Reichenau, the project of an ecclesiastical society as propagated in the murals is similar to that promoted shortly before the year 1000 by Cluny and Fleury.
Morphology made (too) simple? Phonological problems with and a solution to the analytic/non-analytic distinction
Authors: Pöchtrager Markus A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article addresses some shortcomings in the standard theory of the phonology-morphology interface within Government Phonology, which is built on the dichotomy of analytic/non-analytic morphology. I argue that many cases which had previously been thought to be analytic and therefore to require a cyclic application of phonology should be reinterpreted without: Many constructions that seemed to consist of domains inside domains are better understood without that internal structure. This alternative avoids some contradictory results of the standard model, which incorrectly precludes certain kinds of interactions between the nested domains. The reinterpretation also makes better sense of the phonological shape of (allegedly analytic) affixes by taking into account phonotactic possibilities of clusters with more than three consonants, which had so no far not received a satisfactory analysis in the Government Phonology literature.
Morphology-phonology interplay in lexical stress assignment: Ichishkiin Sɨnwit
Authors: Bogomolets Ksenia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel analysis of the stress system of Ichishkiin Sɨnwit (Sahaptian). Ichishkiin Sɨnwit has been previously analyzed as a unique example of a stress system requiring a ranking of the Affix Faithfulness constraints over the Root Faithfulness constraints. I argue, however, that such idiosyncratic stress mechanisms are not necessary. Instead, I propose that accent assignment iscyclic: Underlying accent in the outermost derivational layer within the relevant domain wins. A central role in this analysis belongs to (i) the underlying specification of morphemes for accent, and to (ii) morpho-prosodic domains. The current proposal additionally offers an insight into the role of morpho-prosodic domains in the hiatus resolution strategies.
El camino hacia el transhumanismo: Génesis y evolución de un fenómeno posmoderno a partir del «Mito del Hombre Nuevo» de Dalmacio Negro
Authors: Acosta Miguel 
Published: June 2021

El transhumanismo es un movimiento filosófico-cultural iniciado a mediados del siglo XX que procura consolidarse en las próximas décadas del siglo XXI. Reclama la posibilidad de hiper-desarrollar las capacidades humanas para acabar con el sufrimiento, eliminar nuestras limitaciones e incluso traspasar la barrera de la muerte mediante la tecnociencia.
¿Cómo se ha llegado a admitir una propuesta tan extrema que pretende alterar incluso genéticamente nuestra condición humana? La respuesta no proviene de la alta tecnología, sino del estudio de un largo proceso histórico-cultural que parte, fundamentalmente, de la Modernidad y que se precipita en la Posmodernidad.
Mostraremos las transformaciones antropológico-sociales que han influido en el desarrollo del transhumanismo hasta llegar a nuestra situación actual a la luz de la obra El mito del hombre nuevo de Dalmacio Negro para cuestionar el transhumanismo.
A Higher Foci Density of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy Predicts Progressive CKD after a Radical Nephrectomy for Tumor
Authors: Ricaurte Archila Luisa , Denic Aleksandar , Mullan Aidan F. , Narasimhan Ramya , Bogojevic Marija , Thompson R. Houston , Leibovich Bradley C. , Sangaralingham S. Jeson , Smith Maxwell L. , Alexander Mariam P. , Rule Andrew D. 
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement
A higher percentage of the kidney cortex area that exhibits interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) is a feature of poor prognosis on biopsy. This study describes IF/TA density (the number of IF/TA foci per area of cortex) and shows it predicts progressive CKD, independent of both percentage IF/TA and clinical characteristics among patients who have undergone nephrectomy. Other patterns of IF/TA and inflammation were not predictive for progressive CKD and mortality beyond percentage IF/TA and clinical characteristics. At the same percentage IF/TA, a higher IF/TA density suggests more scattered and widespread damage to the nephrons, with a worse kidney prognosis. This information may be helpful for accurate interpretation of the severity of “chronic changes” observed on a kidney biopsy.

Background
Chronic tubulointerstitial injury on kidney biopsy is usually quantified by the percentage of cortex with interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA). Whether other patterns of IF/TA or inflammation in the tubulointerstitium have prognostic importance beyond percentage IF/TA is unclear.

Methods
We obtained, stained, and digitally scanned full cortical thickness wedge sections of renal parenchyma from patients who underwent a radical nephrectomy for a tumor over 2000–2015, and morphometrically analyzed the tubulointerstitium of the cortex for percentage IF/TA, IF/TA density (foci per mm2 cortex), percentage subcapsular IF/TA, striped IF/TA, percentage inflammation (both within and outside IF/TA regions), and percentage subcapsular inflammation. Patients were followed with visits every 6–12 months. Progressive CKD was defined as dialysis, kidney transplantation, or 40% decline from the postnephrectomy eGFR. Cox models assessed the risk of CKD or noncancer mortality with morphometric measures of tubulointerstitial injury after adjustment for the percentage IF/TA and clinical characteristics.

Results
Among 936 patients (mean age, 64 years; postnephrectomy baseline eGFR, 48 ml/min per 1.73m2), 117 progressive CKD events and 183 noncancer deaths occurred over a median 6.4 years. Higher IF/TA density predicted both progressive CKD and noncancer mortality after adjustment for percentage IF/TA and predicted progressive CKD after further adjustment for clinical characteristics. Independent of percentage IF/TA, age, and sex, higher IF/TA density correlated with lower eGFR, smaller nonsclerosed glomeruli, more global glomerulosclerosis, and smaller total cortical volume.

Conclusions
Higher density of IF/TA foci (a more scattered pattern with more and smaller foci) predicts higher risk of progressive CKD after radical nephrectomy compared with the same percentage of IF/TA but with fewer and larger foci.
ANÁLISE DOS PROBLEMAS E CONFLITOS NAS OBRAS PÚBLICAS EM SERGIPE A PARTIR DA TEORIA DA AGÊNCIA
Authors: Santos Fábio Augusto Silva , Heber Florence , Batista Karen , Martins Ingrid De Matos 
Published: June 2021

<p>Esse artigo teve como objetivo observar os principais entraves enfrentados pela Administração Pública e empresas construtoras, nos contratos de execução de obras públicas no estado de Sergipe. Sob a forma de ensaio teórico, a partir da análise de um caso baseado em fonte documental - um estudo de 2019 do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Sergipe (TCE/SE) -, que trouxe um panorama das obras paralisadas, foi realizada uma análise dos principais conflitos, identificados na perspectiva da teoria da agência. De acordo com este estudo existem 259 obras paralisadas em Sergipe, sendo 39 obras sob o controle de Estado e 220 administradas pelos municípios. Nas análises realizadas destacam-se como possibilidades de investigação empírica, baseadas nas relações de agência entre o setor público e privado, as desigualdades de motivações e objetivos, horizontes de planejamento, as particularidades na admissão do risco e a assimetria de informação, que podem ser entendidas nas motivações de embargos de obras públicas no Estado de Sergipe.</p>
The Use of Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Associated with a Reduced Rate of Revision for Dislocation
Authors: Agarwal Sujit , Eckhard Lukas , Walter William L. , Peng Andrea , Hatton Alesha , Donnelly Bill , de Steiger Richard 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The use of computer navigation has been shown to produce more accurate cup positioning when compared with non-navigated total hip arthroplasty (THA), but so far there is only limited evidence to show its effect on clinical outcomes. The present study analyzed data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry to assess the impact of computer navigation on the rates of all-cause revision and revision for dislocation following THA.

Methods:
Data for all non-navigated and navigated primary THAs performed for osteoarthritis in Australia from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019, were examined to assess the rate of revision. We analyzed the effects of navigation on rate, reason, and type of revision. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and head size, were utilized. Because of known prosthesis-specific differences in outcomes, we performed a further analysis of the 5 acetabular and femoral component combinations most commonly used with navigation.

Results:
Computer navigation was utilized in 6,912 primary THAs for osteoarthritis, with the use of navigation increasing from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% of all primary THAs performed in 2019. There was no difference in the rate of all-cause revision between navigated and non-navigated THAs looking at the entire group. There was a lower rate of revision for dislocation in the navigation THA cohort. The cumulative percent revision for dislocation at 10 years was 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2% to 0.6%) for navigated compared with 0.8% (95% CI, 0.8% to 0.9%) for non-navigated THAs (HR adjusted for age, sex, and head size, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.74; p = 0.002). In the 5 component combinations most commonly used with navigation, the rate of all-cause revision was significantly lower when these components were navigated compared with non-navigated. The cumulative percent revision at 10 years for these 5 prostheses combined was 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6% to 3.4%) for navigated compared with 4.2% (95% CI, 4.0% to 4.5%) for non-navigated THAs (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.86; p = 0.003).

Conclusions:
This study showed that the use of computer navigation was associated with a reduced rate of revision for dislocation following THA. Furthermore, in the component combinations most commonly used with navigation there was also a reduction in the rate of all-cause revision.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The effect of home education on myopia progression in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aslan Fatih , Sahinoglu-Keskek Nedime 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on myopia progression (MP) in school age children.
Methods
A total of 115 children aged 8–17 years with a diagnosis of myopia who had been followed-up for at least 3 years, were included in this study with a retrospective and single-center design. The subjects’ age, the history of myopia in the family, the time spent in front of a screen, the digital devices used during home education (computer, tablet, smartphone, television), the time spent in open air (hours/day), the refractive error (RE) (spherical equivalent value) detected before the home education period and the changes in the myopia over the years, were recorded.
Results
The mean age was 12.06(± 2.29) years. Only the right eyes were included. The glasses use duration was 3.57(± 0.74) years. The annual MP amount 0.49(± 0.26), 0.41(± 0.36) and 0.54(± 0.43) diopters (D) for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 years before home education, respectively, (p > 0,05), and 0.71(± 0.46) D in 2020, during home education. The increase in MP amount in 2020 compared to the 2019 and 2018 years was statistically significant (p < 0.003). MP was statistically significantly less in children who participated in open-air activities for 2 hours a day and those who lived in detached houses (p = 0.004, p = 0.006, respectively).
Conclusion
During home confinement, education programs of school children should be designed while taking into account preventive measures for MP, in particular for allowing children to spend at least two hours of outdoor time per day.
A Novel Heuristic to Minimize the Bottlenecks Presence in Batch Generation. Case of Study.
Authors: Ireta-Sánchez Pedro Henoc , Carrum-Siller Elías Gabriel , González-González David Salvador , Martínez-López Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new heuristic method capable of minimizing the presence of bottlenecks generated when production batches have a distinct makespan. The proposed heuristic groups the jobs into items, where the one with the longest processing time in the batch determines the makespan. To test the heuristic, information was collected from a real paint process with two stations: one with a single cabin and the other with two parallel cabins. The capacity of processing jobs is limited by the cabin dimensions where jobs have different sizes and processing times. A makespan comparison between the heuristic proposed versus the First in First out (FIFO) dispatching rule that the case of study uses. Additionally, ten random instances based on data taken from the real process were created with the purpose to compare the new heuristic method versus Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The result of the comparison to FIFO, GA and SA showed that the proposed heuristic minimizes the bottleneck in a and creating batches almost with the same makespan. Results indicated a bottleneck time reduction of 96% when new heuristic method were compared to FIFO rule, while compared to Generic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing the bottleneck reduction were around 89% in both cases.