bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schellwienella clarkei(Orthotetida, Brachiopoda): a new species from the Devonian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil
Authors: de Rezende João Marcelo Pais , Isaacson Peter E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevonian orthotetides from South America have often been uncritically assigned to a limited number of broadly described species.Schellwienella clarkein. sp. is described from the Ponta Grossa Formation, Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. These brachiopods had been identified asSchuchertella agassizi.Schellwienella clarkein. sp. differs fromSchuchertella agassizion the basis of shell structure, dental plates, and cardinalia.UUID:http://zoobank.org/90ebc242-42c3-4bd7-9b63-461df05b6f28
Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world
Authors: Tomiya Susumu , Zack Shawn P. , Spaulding Michelle , Flynn John J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe middle Eocene Washakie Formation of Wyoming, USA, provides a rare window, within a single depositional basin, into the faunal transition that followed the early Eocene warming events. Based on extensive examination, we report a minimum of 27 species of carnivorous mammals from this formation, more than doubling the previous taxic count. Included in this revised list are a new species of carnivoraform,Neovulpavus mccarrollin. sp., and up to ten other possibly new taxa. Our cladistic analysis of early Carnivoraformes incorporating new data clarified the array of middle Eocene taxa that are closely related to crown-group Carnivora. These anatomically relatively derived carnivoraforms collectively had an intercontinental distribution in North America and east Asia, exhibiting notable variations in body size and dental adaptation. This time period also saw parallel trends of increase in body size and dental sectoriality in distantly related lineages of carnivores spanning a wide range of body sizes. A new, model-based Bayesian analysis of diversity dynamics accounting for imperfect detection revealed a high probability of substantial loss of carnivore species between the late Bridgerian and early Uintan North American Land Mammal ‘Ages’, coinciding with the disappearance of formerly common mammals such as hyopsodontids and adapiform primates. Concomitant with this decline in carnivore diversity, the Washakie vertebrate fauna underwent significant disintegration, as measured by patterns of coordinated detection of taxa at the locality level. These observations are consistent with a major biomic transition in the region in response to climatically induced opening-up of forested habitats.UUID:http://zoobank.org/9162f1a6-a12c-4d55-ba1d-dc66e8cda261
Foreign-trained legal scholars in the UK: ‘irritants’ or ‘change agents’?
Authors: Siems Mathias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn most countries and universities, few legal scholars pursue their academic careers in a country that is different from their home jurisdiction. However, the UK is a rare exception, as its universities have shown a great willingness to appoint legal scholars from any legal tradition and any part of the world. As the topic of foreign-trained legal scholars is underexplored in the current literature, this paper aims to fill the gap. It identifies 539 foreign-trained legal scholars at Russell Group universities, which amounts to 36.69% of their academic staff in law. Subsequently, the paper presents the results of a survey which explored how respondents deal with the challenges of being based at UK universities, such as the possible expectation to assimilate to the UK legal environment, and considering the impact of the result of the Brexit referendum. Overall, the paper finds that foreign-trained legal scholars should not be regarded as (negative) ‘irritants’ to UK legal scholarship and education, but that they can be rather be seen as (positive) ‘change agents’ in their universities.
A NOTE ON SPIRALLIKE FUNCTIONS
Authors: SIM Y. J. , THOMAS D. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet f be analytic in the unit disk

$\mathbb {D}=\{z\in \mathbb {C}:|z|<1 \}$
and let

${\mathcal S}$
be the subclass of normalised univalent functions with

$f(0)=0$
and

$f'(0)=1$
, given by

$f(z)=z+\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }a_n z^n$
. Let F be the inverse function of f, given by

$F(\omega )=\omega +\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }A_n \omega ^n$
for

$|\omega |\le r_0(f)$
. Denote by

$ \mathcal {S}_p^{* }(\alpha )$
the subset of

$ \mathcal {S}$
consisting of the spirallike functions of order

$\alpha $
in

$\mathbb {D}$
, that is, functions satisfying

$$\begin{align*}{\mathrm{Re}} \ \bigg\{e^{-i\gamma}\dfrac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\bigg\}>\alpha\cos \gamma, \end{align*}$$
for

$z\in \mathbb {D}$
,

$0\le \alpha <1$
and

$\gamma \in (-\pi /2,\pi /2)$
. We give sharp upper and lower bounds for both

$ |a_3|-|a_2| $
and

$ |A_3|-|A_2| $
when

$f\in \mathcal {S}_p^{* }(\alpha )$
, thus solving an open problem and presenting some new inequalities for coefficient differences.
Ceremony, Medicine, Caffeinated Tea: Unearthing the Forgotten Faces of the North American Stimulant Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria)
Authors: Folch Christine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYaupon (the unfortunately named Ilex vomitoria) is a holly commonly used as yard décor in the southeast United States, but many North Americans will be surprised to learn that it is the source of a stimulant tea that has been in continuous use for nearly a millennium. Yaupon is more than a drink; it is a window into questions of identity, community belonging, and how the New World was inserted into the global economy. From Cabeza de Vaca's sixteenth-century brush with the beverage, yaupon has iterated between ceremony, medicine, and caffeinated tea as inhabitants of North America—Indigenous, enslaved, and settler colonial inhabitants of North America—have harnessed the leaf's properties to different, culturally situated aims. This article traces narratives, recipes, and medical descriptions of yaupon from contact to the present, and compares these against material and archeological records to explore differences between settler and extractive colonial encounters with Indigenous psychoactive substances (and thus indigeneity). The story of yaupon reveals contests between regimes of knowledge, the political economy of colonialisms, and the fraught intersections of identity and cuisine. Despite abundant ethnographic, documentary, and scientific evidence to the contrary, the scientific and medical literature long mislabeled yaupon as emetic. This raises questions about how knowledge is transferred and how scientific authority is constructed. I argue that indigeneity, race, and class have steered how yaupon has been understood, and help to explain why a popular caffeinated product waned at a time when the use of stimulants was increasing, and “proletarian hunger-killers” were on the rise.
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS’ STANDARD OF LIVING DURING CENTRAL CHILE'S AGRARIAN EXPANSION, 1870-1930
Authors: Robles-Ortiz Claudio , González-Correa Ignacio , Reyes Campos Nora , González Aliaga Uziel 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to determine trends in the wages and living standards of male agricultural labourers in Central Chile during the agrarian expansion, c. 1870-1930. We found that nominal wages increased eightfold; this is relevant because wage labour became the main rural labour regime in this period. Nominal wages rose steadily from the early 1870s until 1910, and with significant fluctuations thereafter, before plummeting with the Great Depression. Real wages also increased, but only slightly. Furthermore, during certain short periods, agricultural labourers' real wages were similar to or higher than those of low-skilled urban workers. However, the persistent gap between agricultural and non-agricultural wages was one of the causal factors of the outmigration of rural workers.
A collision feedback based multiple access control protocol for very high frequency data exchange system in E-navigation
Authors: Hu Xu , Lin Bin , Wang Ping , Lyu Hongguang , Li Tie-Shan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is promising in promoting electronic navigation (E-navigation) and improving navigation safety. The multiple access control (MAC) protocol is crucial to the transmission performance of VDES. The self-organising time division multiple access (SOTDMA) protocol, as the only access mode given by current recommendations, leads to a high rate of transmission collisions in the traditional automatic identification system (AIS), especially with heavy traffic loads. This paper proposes a novel feedback based time division multiple access (FBTDMA) protocol to address the problems caused by SOTDMA, such that collision of transmissions can be avoided in information transmission among vessels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FBTDMA outperforms the traditional SOTDMA in terms of channel utilisation and throughput, and significantly reduces the transmission collision rate. The study is expected to provide insights into VDES standardisation and E-navigation modernisation.
A simple model for the total number of SARS-CoV-2 infections on a national level
Authors: Blanco N. , Stafford K. A. , Lavoie M. C. , Brandenburg A. , Górna M. W. , Merski M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to identify an appropriate simple mathematical model to fit the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases at the national level for the early portion of the pandemic, before significant public health interventions could be enacted. The total number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic over time in 28 countries was analysed and fit to several simple rate models. The resulting model parameters were used to extrapolate projections for more recent data. While the Gompertz growth model (mean R2 = 0.998) best fit the current data, uncertainties in the eventual case limit introduced significant model errors. However, the quadratic rate model (mean R2 = 0.992) fit the current data best for 25 (89%) countries as determined by R2 values of the remaining models. Projection to the future using the simple quadratic model accurately forecast the number of future total number of cases 50% of the time up to 10 days in advance. Extrapolation to the future with the simple exponential model significantly overpredicted the total number of future cases. These results demonstrate that accurate future predictions of the case load in a given country can be made using this very simple model.
Characterization and expression quantitative trait loci analysis of TaABI4, a pre-harvest sprouting related gene in wheat
Authors: Xiao Chunsheng , Liu Yujiao , Chen Wenshuai , Yang Jian , Cheng Mengping , Watt Calum , Cheng Jingye , Wang Zhenzhong , Tan Zhi , Li MaoLian , Wang Jirui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPre-harvest sprouting (PHS) induced by the absence of seed dormancy causes a severe reduction in crop yield and flour quality. In this study, we isolated and characterized TaABI4, an ABA-responsive transcription factor that participates in regulating seed germination in wheat. Sequence analysis revealed that TaABI4 has three homologues, located on chromosomes 1A/1B/1D. TaABI4 contains a conserved AP2 domain, and AP2-associated, LRP and potential PEST motifs. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements (CE1-like box, W-box, ABRE elements and RY elements) were identified in the TaABI4 promoter region that showed high conservation in 17 wheat cultivars and wheat-related species. Expression profiling of TaABI4 indicated that it is a seed-specific gene accumulating during the middle stages of seed development. Transcript accumulation of TaABI4 in wheat cultivar Chuanmai 32 (CM32, PHS susceptible) was 5.07-fold and 1.39-fold higher than that in synthetic hexaploidy wheat SHW-L1 (PHS resistant) at 15 and 20 DPA, respectively. Six expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of TaABI4 on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 3B and 4A were characterized based on the accumulated transcripts of TaABI4 in SHW-L1 and CM32-derived recombinant inbred lines. These QTLs explained 10.7 to 46.1% of the trait variation with 4.53–10.59 of LOD scores, which contain genes that may affect the expression of TaABI4.
Stigmatization of Not-Knowing as a Public Health Tool
Authors: PÕDER JOHANN-CHRISTIAN 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredictive interventions and practices are becoming a defining feature of medicine. The author points out that according to the inner logic and external supporters (i.e., state, industry, and media) of modern medicine, participating in healthcare increasingly means participating in knowing, sharing, and using of predictive information. At the same time, the author addresses the issue that predictive information may also have problematic side effects like overdiagnosis, health-related anxiety, and worry as well as impacts on personal life plans. The question is raised: Should we resort to stigmatization if doing so would increase participation in predictive interventions, and thereby save healthcare costs and reduce morbidity and premature death? The paper concludes that even if such a strategy cannot be ruled out in some forms and contexts, we ought to be very cautious about the dangers of shame and stigmatization.
Transcatheter creation of a pulmonary artery to left atrial fenestration in a failing Fontan circulation using the Atrial Flow Regulator (AFR)
Authors: Pascall Emma , Jones Matthew I. , Savis Alexandra , Rosenthal Eric , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranscatheter creation of an interatrial communication using the Occlutech Atrial Flow Regulator Device for pulmonary hypertension or heart failure is well described. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy with a failing Fontan circulation, in whom the Atrial Flow Regulator was used to successfully create a fenestration between the pulmonary artery and left atrium, improving his clinical condition.
Factors associated with ordering food via online meal ordering services
Authors: Dana Liyuwork M , Hart Ellen , McAleese Alison , Bastable Alice , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Online meal ordering services are increasing in popularity in Australia and globally. Meals ordered online for home delivery are typically less healthy than home-made meals, potentially contributing to weight gain. The aim of the present study was to identify the types of consumers who are most likely to engage in online meal ordering.Design:A cross-sectional survey including items relating to demographic and lifestyle factors was disseminated via a web panel provider.Setting:Australia.Participants:A total of 2010 Australian adults aged 18+ years.Results:More than a quarter of respondents (28 %) engaged in online meal ordering at least once in the previous month. Younger respondents, those with a higher BMI, and those with higher education and income levels were more likely to have done so. Consuming higher levels of sugary drinks and fast-food restaurant patronage were significantly associated with ordering meals online for home delivery.Conclusions:The outcomes of this study suggest that the use of online meal ordering services is becoming a common practice in Australia, and it is therefore important to implement evidence-based strategies and policies to encourage individuals to make healthy food choices when using these services.
A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications
Authors: Habib Shahid , Ali Amjad , Kiani Ghaffer Iqbal , Ayub Wagma , Abbas Syed Muzahir , Butt Muhammad Fasih Uddin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.
Real-time gait metric estimation for everyday gait training with wearable devices in people poststroke
Authors: Arens Philipp , Siviy Christopher , Bae Jaehyun , Choe Dabin K. , Karavas Nikos , Baker Teresa , Ellis Terry D. , Awad Louis N. , Walsh Conor J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hemiparetic walking after stroke is typically slow, asymmetric, and inefficient, significantly impacting activities of daily living. Extensive research shows that functional, intensive, and task-specific gait training is instrumental for effective gait rehabilitation, characteristics that our group aims to encourage with soft robotic exosuits. However, standard clinical assessments may lack the precision and frequency to detect subtle changes in intervention efficacy during both conventional and exosuit-assisted gait training, potentially impeding targeted therapy regimes. In this paper, we use exosuit-integrated inertial sensors to reconstruct three clinically meaningful gait metrics related to circumduction, foot clearance, and stride length. Our method corrects sensor drift using instantaneous information from both sides of the body. This approach makes our method robust to irregular walking conditions poststroke as well as usable in real-time applications, such as real-time movement monitoring, exosuit assistance control, and biofeedback. We validate our algorithm in eight people poststroke in comparison to lab-based optical motion capture. Mean errors were below 0.2 cm (9.9%) for circumduction, −0.6 cm (−3.5%) for foot clearance, and 3.8 cm (3.6%) for stride length. A single-participant case study shows our technique’s promise in daily-living environments by detecting exosuit-induced changes in gait while walking in a busy outdoor plaza.
Soteria als besondere Form der Begleitung
Authors: Altintas Meryem 
Published: March 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Begleitung ist ein zentrales Element im Konzept der Soteria. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die Alltagsbegleitung wie auch das „Dabeisein“ während akuter Erkrankungsphasen müssen individuell gestaltet und immer wieder neu an die Bedürfnisse der Patienten angepasst werden. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Begleitung ermöglicht Beziehungsaufbau und vermittelt Sicherheit.
Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Zhaojun , Luo Yunping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is regarded as the most promising treatment for cancers. Various cancer immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small-molecule inhibitors, have achieved certain successes. In this review, we summarize the role of macrophages in current immunotherapies and the advantages of targeting macrophages. To better understand and make better use of this type of cell, their development and differentiation characteristics, categories, typical markers, and functions were collated at the beginning of the review. Therapeutic strategies based on or combined with macrophages have the potential to improve the treatment efficacy of cancer therapies.
Hypomagnesemia at the time of autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with an increased risk of failure
Authors: Gile Jennifer J. , Lopez Camden L. , Ruan Gordon J. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Abeykoon Jithma P. , Heimgartner Joy R. , Baumann Nikola A. , McMahon M. Molly , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Bisneto Jose C. Villasboas , Porrata Luis F. , Paludo Jonas , Ansell Stephen M. , Hogan William J. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnesium is an essential element that is involved in critical metabolic pathways. A diet deficient in magnesium is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Few studies have reported whether a serum magnesium level below the reference range (RR) is associated with prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using a retrospective approach in DLBCL patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (AHSCT), we evaluated the association of hypomagnesemia with survival. Totally, 581 patients eligible for AHSCT with a serum magnesium level during the immediate pre-transplant period were identified and 14.1% (82/581) had hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia was associated with an inferior event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with a serum magnesium level within RR; median EFS: 3.9 years (95% CI: 1.63–8.98 years) versus 6.29 years (95% CI: 4.73–8.95 years) with HR 1.63 (95% CI: 1.09–2.43, p = 0.017) for EFS, and median OS: 7.3 years (95% CI: 2.91—upper limit not estimable) versus 9.7 years (95% CI: 6.92–12.3 years) with HR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.22–2.96, p = 0.005) for OS months 0–12, respectively. These findings suggest a potentially actionable prognostic factor for patients with DLBCL undergoing AHSCT.
AI-based structure-function correlation in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: von der Emde Leon , Pfau Maximilian , Holz Frank G. , Fleckenstein Monika , Kortuem Karsten , Keane Pearse A. , Rubin Daniel L. , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensitive and robust outcome measures of retinal function are pivotal for clinical trials in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A recent development is the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) to infer results of psychophysical examinations based on findings derived from multimodal imaging. We conducted a review of the current literature referenced in PubMed and Web of Science among others with the keywords ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘machine learning’ in combination with ‘perimetry’, ‘best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)’, ‘retinal function’ and ‘age-related macular degeneration’. So far AI-based structure-function correlations have been applied to infer conventional visual field, fundus-controlled perimetry, and electroretinography data, as well as BCVA, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). In neovascular AMD, inference of BCVA (hereafter termed inferred BCVA) can estimate BCVA results with a root mean squared error of ~7–11 letters, which is comparable to the accuracy of actual visual acuity assessment. Further, AI-based structure-function correlation can successfully infer fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) results both for mesopic as well as dark-adapted (DA) cyan and red testing (hereafter termed inferred sensitivity). Accuracy of inferred sensitivity can be augmented by adding short FCP examinations and reach mean absolute errors (MAE) of ~3–5 dB for mesopic, DA cyan and DA red testing. Inferred BCVA, and inferred retinal sensitivity, based on multimodal imaging, may be considered as a quasi-functional surrogate endpoint for future interventional clinical trials in the future.