bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Dr. Death" and The Case for an Ethical Ban on Psychiatric and Psychological Predictions of Dangerousness in Capital Sentencing Proceedings
Authors: Ewing Charles P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPsychiatric and psychological predictions of dangerousness are used in a number of American jurisdictions to convince a judge or jury that a convicted murderer should be sentenced to death. Empirical research has demonstrated, however, that psychiatric and psychological predictions of dangerousness generally are inaccurate. This Article describes the current use of such predictions in capital sentencing hearings and examines their status under existing professional codes of ethics. It argues that the rendering of these predictions by psychiatrists and psychologists is contrary to the scientific and healing traditions of their professions and urges psychiatrists and psychologists to adopt an ethical ban on predictions of dangerousness in the capital sentencing context.
The roles of morphology, phonology, and prosody in reading and spelling multisyllabic words
Authors: Enderby Jodie L. , Carroll Julia M. , Tarczynski-Bowles M. Luisa , Breadmore Helen L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile most English words are multisyllabic, research on literacy acquisition has tended to focus on early acquisition of monosyllabic words. The processes involved in multisyllabic word reading and spelling in middle childhood are likely to differ from those in monosyllabic reading and spelling. The current paper examines the contributions of morphological awareness (MA; awareness of derivational morphemes), prosodic sensitivity (sensitivity to lexical stress), and phonological awareness (PA; awareness of phonemes) for multisyllabic word reading and spelling, after accounting for background variables (age, vocabulary, nonverbal IQ, short-term memory). Seventy 7–10-year-old children completed a battery of tasks. MA and prosodic sensitivity were independent predictors of multisyllabic reading, while MA and PA were independent predictors of multisyllabic spelling. These results contrast with previous research, which instead found that PA plays a more prominent role while prosodic sensitivity appears to demonstrate only an indirect influence. However, those studies largely examined reading of shorter, one to three syllable words. These findings indicate when words are longer and multisyllabic, prosodic sensitivity, PA, and MA have differing direct influences on literacy. MA and prosodic sensitivity relate to word reading, while MA and PA are important for spelling.
Early embryo morphokinetics is a better predictor of post-ICSI live birth than embryo morphology: speed is more important than beauty at the cleavage stage
Authors: Bartolacci Alessandro , Dal Canto Mariabeatrice , Guglielmo Maria Cristina , Mura Laura , Brigante Claudio , Mignini Renzini Mario , Buratini Jose 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven the importance of embryo developmental competence assessment in reproductive medicine and biology, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of fertilization and cleavage morphokinetics with embryo morphology to predict post-ICSI live birth. Data from embryos cultured in a time-lapse microscopy (TLM) incubator and with known live birth outcomes (LB: embryos achieving live birth, n = 168; NLB: embryos not achieving live birth, n = 1633) were used to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on morphokinetic or morphological scores, and the respective areas under the curve (AUC) were compared. The association between live birth and 12 combinations of four morphokinetic quality degrees (A–D) with three morphological quality degrees (A–C) was assessed using multivariate analysis. Morphokinetic parameters from tPNa to t8 were reached earlier in LB compared with NLB embryos. The ROC curve analysis indicated that morphokinetic information is more accurate than conventional morphology to predict live birth [AUC = 0.64 (95% CI 0.58–0.70) versus AUC = 0.58 (95% CI 0.51–0.65)]. The multivariate analysis was in line with AUCs, revealing that embryos with poor morphokinetics, independently of their morphology, provide lower live birth rates (P < 0.001). A considerable percentage of embryos with top morphology presented poor morphokinetics (20.10%), accompanied by a severely reduced live birth rate in comparison with embryos with top morphology and morphokinetics (P < 0.001). In conclusion, TLM-derived early morphokinetic parameters were more predictive of live-birth achievement following ICSI than conventional morphology.
Associations of spicy food flavour and intake frequency with blood lipid levels and risk of abnormal serum lipid levels in Chinese rural population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dong Xiaokang , Li Yuqian , Yang Kaili , Zhang Lulu , Xue Yuan , Yu Songcheng , Liu Xiaotian , Tu Runqi , Qiao Dou , Luo Zhicheng , Liu Xue , Wang Yan , Li Wenjie , Wang Chongjian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the current study was to investigate associations between spicy food intake and serum lipids levels in Chinese rural population.Design:Information on spicy food flavour and intake frequency was obtained using a two-item questionnaire survey. Dietary data were collected using a validated thirteen-item FFQ. Fasting blood samples were collected and measured for total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between spicy food and serum lipids levels according to the spicy food flavour and intake frequency, respectively.Setting:A cross-sectional study in Henan Province.Participants:38 238 participants aged 18–79 years old.Results:Spicy flavour and intake frequency were consistently associated with decreased TC and non-HDL-cholesterol levels but mildly associated with elevated TAG levels. Each level increment in spicy flavour was inversely associated with high TC (OR: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·88, 0·93) and high non-HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0·88; 95 % CI 0·85, 0·91) but positively associated with high TAG (OR: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·07). Similarly, 1-d increment in spicy food intake frequency was also inversely associated with high TC (OR: 0·92; 95 % CI 0·91, 0·94) and high non-HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·89, 0·93) but positively associated with high TAG (OR: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·06).Conclusions:Spicy food intake was mildly associated with increased risk of abnormal TAG level, significantly associated with decreased risk of abnormal TC and non-HDL levels. Spicy food intake may be contribute to the management of lipid levels.
The use of an impeller mowing conditioner during haymaking had no effects on feeding behavior, feed intake or performance of organic dairy cows
Authors: Haselmann Andreas , Kirchler Josef , Fürst-Waltl Birgit , Zollitsch Werner , Zebeli Qendrim , Knaus Wilhelm 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImpeller mowing conditioners are commonly used to speed up the drying process on the field, making forage preservation (haying, ensiling) less dependent on weather conditions. However, the effects of this technique on the nutritive value of the forage and dairy cows' responses have not been investigated yet. Each half of two fields of grass-dominated swards, first regrowth, was cut either with or without the use of an impeller mowing conditioner (experimental hay and control hay, respectively).Ceteris paribusconditions were guaranteed by the same cutting and wilting times (roughly 48 h), number of teddings, field pickup technique and barn-drying method. At the beginning of the feeding trial, 19 lactating Holstein cows were allocated to one of two groups, one control (nine cows) and one experimental group (10 cows) and were fed the respective forage plus a fixed amount of concentrate [3.6 kg d−1; dry matter (DM) basis]. After a 14-d adaptation period, data were collected over 21 consecutive days. Covariate data of cows were collected prior to the experimental feeding period, over a time span of 9 d, and included in the statistical model. Results revealed that control and experimental hay showed significant (P< 0.05) differences in the nutrient profile. However, the magnitude of these differences was not enough to affect intakes of hay (18.4 ± 0.29 kg DM d−1), total dietary energy or chewing activity, but did lead to a decreased intake of water-soluble carbohydrates and an increased crude protein intake, thus affecting ruminal nitrogen balance (P< 0.01). This resulted in a higher milk urea content [23.3vs17.9 mg (100 mL)−1;P< 0.01] in cows fed the experimental hay, whereas other milk performance parameters remained unaffected. In conclusion, the use of the impeller mowing conditioner did not affect the overall forage utilization by cows when the diet contained about 16% concentrate (DM basis). As this is the first study dealing with the effects of an impeller mowing conditioner on cows' responses, future research should consider investigating the effects of mowing conditioners when cows are fed only forage or diets with lower concentrate amounts.
Joint modelling of male and female mortality rates using adaptive P-splines
Authors: Tang Kai Hon , Dodd Erengul , Forster Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRaw mortality data often exhibit irregular patterns due to randomness. Graduation refers to the act of smoothing crude mortality rates. In this paper, we propose a flexible and robust methodology for graduating mortality rates using adaptive P-splines. Since the observed data at high ages are often sparse and unreliable, we use an exponentially increasing penalty. We use mortality data of England and Wales and model male and female mortality rates jointly by means of penalties, achieving borrowing of information between the two sexes.
Projected Changes of Water Currents and Circulation in Lake Michigan Under Representative Concentration Pathways Scenarios
Authors: Sahoo Bishnupriya , Mao Miaohua , Xia Meng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Great Lakes’ atmosphere predominantly signposts signatures of climate change in terms of an elongated summer, depletion of ice‐cover, and up‐surging lake surface temperature and air temperature, which demands an in‐depth comprehension of future lake circulation dynamics. After satisfactory validations for the lake meteorology and hydrodynamics during 2010–2019, historical and future predictions based on a downscaled climate model for the Great Lakes region under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are used to drive the Finite‐Volume Community Ocean Model applied to Lake Michigan during the ice‐free months of 2010–2069. Substantial rises in lake surface current speed during May–June and September–October are connected to the rising wind speed and air temperature in the lake domain. Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the study expects a 6.5% per decade relative increase in surface current speed, with a rise of 1.3% in the coastal circulation (within 50‐m depth from the coast) until 2050. Surface circulation strength can reach the highest rise (13%) during 2030–2039 and a slight drop (−1%) during 2050–2069. During May–December, only a 0.3% variation is predicted in current magnitudes under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The projections anticipate the occurrence of a stronger, wider, and northward shifting lake gyre with changing lake meteorology. Further analysis indicates that the reduced thermal gradient over the lake surface tends to resist sharp modulations in winds and lake dynamics in the successive decades.
G‐RUN ENSEMBLE: A Multi‐Forcing Observation‐Based Global Runoff Reanalysis
Authors: Ghiggi G. , Humphrey V. , Seneviratne S. I. , Gudmundsson L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRiver discharge is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and is one of the best monitored components of the terrestrial water cycle. Nonetheless, gauging stations are distributed unevenly around the world, leaving many white spaces on global freshwater resources maps. Here, we use a machine learning algorithm and historical weather data to upscale sparse in situ river discharge measurements. We provide a global reanalysis of monthly runoff rates for periods covering decades to the past century at a resolution of 0.5° (about 55 km), and with up to 525 ensemble members based on 21 different atmospheric forcing data sets. This global runoff reconstruction, named Global RUNoff ENSEMBLE (G‐RUN ENSEMBLE), is evaluated using independent observations from large river basins and benchmarked against other publicly available runoff data sets over the period 1981–2010. The accuracy of the data set is evaluated on observed river flow from basins not used for model calibration and is found to compare favorably against state‐of‐the‐art global hydrological model simulations. The G‐RUN ENSEMBLE estimates the global mean runoff volume to range between 3.2 × 104 and 3.8 × 104 km3 yr−1. This publicly available data set (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12794075) has a wide range of applications, including regional water resources assessments, climate change attribution studies, hydro‐climatic process studies as well as the evaluation, calibration and refinement of global hydrological models.
Enabling the Application of Large Footprint Open‐Bottom Permeameters Through New Shape Factors
Authors: Zlotnik Vitaly A. , Cole Kevin D. , Cardenas Meinhard B. , Zlotnik Anatoly V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpen‐bottom permeameters (OBP) are commonly used for estimating the hydraulic properties of sediment beds under water bodies and fluxes across the sediment‐water interface. The specific shape factor for an OBP flow situation is necessary for data interpretation. It is determined by the ratio of the permeameter tube radius to the tube's penetration depth within the sediment. Previous permeameter designs favored small radii which allowed for deeper penetration and stability of the tube. The shape factor is provided here for large footprint OBPs that allows for shallow penetration and greater radius. Through a numerical and analytical modeling study of the OBP hydrodynamics, previous knowledge on the OBP shape factor is generalized to the entire range of radius‐to‐penetration ratios that might be practically applied. The results reveal the advantages of the large footprint design, including better sensitivity due to the ability to impose larger discharge over a shorter test duration.
Kinetic Simulation of Segmented Plasma Flow Meter Response in the Ionospheric Plasma
Authors: Liu G. , Marchand R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA relatively simple design of a segmented flow meter is presented for measuring in situ plasma flow velocities and other space plasma parameters. The response of the flow meter to space environment is simulated for plasma conditions representative of the ionosphere at mid and low latitudes using a Particle in cell code. A synthetic data set consisting of ion currents collected by several segments of the flow meter, and the physical parameters for which they were calculated, is then used to construct a solution library from which inference models can be constructed, using radial basis function and neural network regressions. Simulation results show that with such a flow meter, it should be possible to infer plasma flow velocities in the direction perpendicular to the ram direction, with uncertainties of ±45 m/s or less. Models can also be constructed to infer plasma densities, with a maximum relative error of 23%. This work is presented as a first assessment and proof of concept for an original design of a simple and robust flow meter.
White matter deficits in cocaine use disorder: convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomic analysis
Authors: Tondo Lucca Pizzato , Viola Thiago Wendt , Fries Gabriel R. , Kluwe-Schiavon Bruno , Rothmann Leonardo Mello , Cupertino Renata , Ferreira Pedro , Franco Alexandre Rosa , Lane Scott D. , Stertz Laura , Zhao Zhongming , Hu Ruifeng , Meyer Thomas , Schmitz Joy M. , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhite matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have been studied; however, the reported effects on the human brain are heterogenous and most results have been obtained from male participants. In addition, biological data supporting the imaging findings and revealing possible mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of chronic cocaine use (CU) on WM are largely restricted to animal studies. To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of CU in the WM, we performed an in vivo diffusion tensor imaging assessment of male and female cocaine users (n = 75) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 58). Moreover, we performed an ex vivo large-scale proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in postmortem brains of patients with CUD (n = 8) and HC (n = 12). Compared with the HC, the CUD group showed significant reductions in global fractional anisotropy (FA) (p < 0.001), and an increase in global mean (MD) and radial diffusion (RD) (both p < 0.001). The results revealed that FA, RD, and MD alterations in the CUD group were widespread along the major WM tracts, after analysis using the tract-based special statistics approach. Global FA was negatively associated with years of CU (p = 0.0421) and female sex (p < 0.001), but not with years of alcohol or nicotine use. Concerning the fibers connecting the left to the right prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 9 (BA9), the CUD group presented lower FA (p = 0.006) and higher RD (p < 0.001) values compared with the HC group. A negative association between the duration of CU in life and FA values in this tract was also observed (p = 0.019). Proteomics analyses in BA9 found 11 proteins differentially expressed between cocaine users and controls. Among these, were proteins related to myelination and neuroinflammation. In summary, we demonstrate convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomics analysis of WM disruption in CUD.
Multiple dimensions of stress vs. genetic effects on depression
Authors: Kvarta Mark D. , Bruce Heather A. , Chiappelli Joshua , Hare Stephanie M. , Goldwaser Eric L. , Sewell Jessica , Sampath Hemalatha , Lightner Samantha , Marshall Wyatt , Hatch Kathryn , Humphries Elizabeth , Ament Seth , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , McMahon Francis J. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany psychiatric disorders including depression involve complex interactions of genetics and environmental stressors. Environmental influence is challenging to measure objectively and account for in genetic studies because the necessary large population samples in these studies involve individuals with varying cultures and life experiences, clouding genetic findings. In a unique population with relative sociocultural homogeneity and a narrower range of types of stress experiences, we quantitatively assessed multiple stress dimensions and measured their potential influence in biasing the heritability estimate of depression. We quantified depressive symptoms, major lifetime stressors, current perceived stress, and a culturally specific community stress measure in individuals with depression-related diagnoses and community controls in Old Order Amish and Mennonite populations. Results showed that lifetime stressors measured by lifetime stressor inventory (R2 = 0.06,p = 2 × 10−5) and current stress measured by Perceived Stress Scale (R2 = 0.13,p < 1 × 10−6) were both associated with current depressive symptoms quantified by Beck Depression Inventory in community controls, but current stress was the only measure associated with current depressive symptoms in individuals with a depression diagnosis, and to a greater degree (R2 = 0.41,p < 1 × 10−6). A novel, culturally specific community stress measure demonstrated internal reliability and was associated with current stress but was not significantly related to depression. Heritability (h2) for depression diagnosis (0.46 ± 0.14) and quantitative depression severity as measured by Beck Depression Inventory (0.45 ± 0.12) were significant, buth2for depression diagnosis decreased to 0.25 ± 0.14 once stressors were accounted for in the model. This quantifies and demonstrates the importance of accounting for environmental influence in reducing phenotypic heterogeneity of depression and improving the power and replicability of genetic association findings that can be better translated to patient groups.
Mismatch negativity as EEG biomarker supporting CNS drug development: a transnosographic and translational study
Authors: Loiodice Simon , Drinkenburg Wilhelmus H. , Ahnaou Abdallah , McCarthy Andrew , Viardot Geoffrey , Cayre Emilie , Rion Bertrand , Bertaina-Anglade Valérie , Mano Marsel , L’Hostis Philippe , Drieu La Rochelle Christophe , Kas Martien J. , Danjou Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lack of translation from basic research into new medicines is a major challenge in CNS drug development. The need to use novel approaches relying on (i) patient clustering based on neurobiology irrespective to symptomatology and (ii) quantitative biomarkers focusing on evolutionarily preserved neurobiological systems allowing back-translation from clinical to nonclinical research has been highlighted. Here we sought to evaluate the mismatch negativity (MMN) response in schizophrenic (SZ) patients, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, and age-matched healthy controls. To evaluate back-translation of the MMN response, we developed EEG-based procedures allowing the measurement of MMN-like responses in a rat model of schizophrenia and a mouse model of AD. Our results indicate a significant MMN attenuation in SZ but not in AD patients. Consistently with the clinical findings, we observed a significant attenuation of deviance detection (~104.7%) in rats subchronically exposed to phencyclidine, while no change was observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice when compared to wild type. This study provides new insight into the cross-disease evaluation of the MMN response. Our findings suggest further investigations to support the identification of neurobehavioral subtypes that may help patients clustering for precision medicine intervention. Furthermore, we provide evidence that MMN could be used as a quantitative/objective efficacy biomarker during both preclinical and clinical stages of SZ drug development.
CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma: more room for improvement
Authors: Teoh Phaik Ju , Chng Wee Joo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe emergence of various novel therapies over the last decade has changed the therapeutic landscape for multiple myeloma. While the clinical outcomes have improved significantly, the disease remains incurable, typically in patients with relapsed and refractory disease. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have achieved remarkable clinical success in B-cell malignancies. This scope of research has more recently been extended to the field of myeloma. While B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is currently the most well-studied CAR T antigen target in this disease, many other antigens are also undergoing intensive investigations. Some studies have shown encouraging results, whereas some others have demonstrated unfavorable results due to reasons such as toxicity and lack of clinical efficacy. Herein, we provide an overview of CAR T-cell therapies in myeloma, highlighted what has been achieved over the past decade, including the latest updates from ASH 2020 and discussed some of the challenges faced. Considering the current hits and misses of CAR T therapies, we provide a comprehensive analysis on the current manufacturing technologies, and deliberate on the future of CAR T-cell domain in MM.