bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated assessment for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis from MRI images: Meta‐heuristic assisted deep learning model
Authors: Babu G. Stalin , Rao S. N. Tirumala , Rao R. Rajeswara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease that causes 60–80% of all dementias and has a large economic impact in developed countries. For early‐stage AD detection, volumetric measures of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have proven to be a benchmark method. To detect potential cases, existing methods combine health records, neuropsychological testing, and MRI, although learning implementation is inconsistently used and has low sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, numerous classification approaches for diagnosing AD have been suggested with differing complexity. Thus, we have introduced our novel AD diagnosis model with two main phases such as proposed feature extraction and classification. In the first phase, the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), Haralick features as well as proposed geometric Haralick features known as geometric correlation and variance are extracted. In the second phase, an optimized deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is utilized for classification. To make the prediction more accurate, the weight and the activation function of DCNN are optimally chosen by a new hybrid model termed as Combined Gray Wolf and Dragon Updating (CG‐DU). At last, the superiority of the adopted scheme is validated in terms of performance analysis, convergence analysis, box plot analysis, and computation time analysis. Especially, the proposed model achieves a mean accuracy of 0.98795, sensitivity of 0.98671, and specificity of 0.99429. Moreover, the computation time of the CG‐DU model is 2.92%, and 0.14% superior to existing GWO and DA methods respectively.
The redox signal: A physiological perspective
Authors: Margaritelis Nikos V. , Chatzinikolaou Panagiotis N. , Chatzinikolaou Alexandros N. , Paschalis Vassilis , Theodorou Anastasios A. , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Kyparos Antonios , Nikolaidis Michalis G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA signal in biology is any kind of coded message sent from one place in an organism to another place. Biology is rich in claims that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species transmit signals. Therefore, we define a “redox signal as an increase/decrease in the level of reactive species”. First, as in most biology disciplines, to analyze a redox signal you need first to deconstruct it. The essential components that constitute a redox signal and should be characterized are: (i) the reactivity of the specific reactive species, (ii) the magnitude of change, (iii) the temporal pattern of change, and (iv) the antioxidant condition. Second, to be able to translate the physiological fate of a redox signal you need to apply novel and bioplausible methodological strategies. Important considerations that should be taken into account when designing an experiment is to (i) assure that redox and physiological measurements are at the same or similar level of biological organization and (ii) focus on molecules that are at the highest level of the redox hierarchy. Third, to reconstruct the redox signal and make sense of the chaotic nature of redox processes, it is essential to apply mathematical and computational modeling. The aim of the present study was to collectively present, for the first time, those elements that essentially affect the redox signal as well as to emphasize that the deconstructing, decoding and reconstructing of a redox signal should be acknowledged as central to design better studies and to advance our understanding on its physiological effects.
Distinguishing colorectal adenoma from hyperplastic polyp by WNT2 expression
Authors: Wang Bangting , Wang Xin , Tseng Yujen , Huang Meina , Luo Feifei , Zhang Jun , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal adenoma (CRA) is a classical premalignant lesion, with high incidence and mainly coexisting with hyperplastic polyp (HPP). Hence, this study aimed to distinguish CRA from HPP by molecular expression profiling and advance the prevention of CRA and its malignance.MethodsCRA and paired HPP biopsies were collected by endoscopy. Through RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on the DEGs. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and perform module analysis. Hub genes were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The ROC curve was drawn to establish the specificity of the hub genes.Results485 significant DEGs were identified including 133 up‐regulated and 352 down‐regulated. The top 10 up‐regulated genes were DLX5, MMP10, TAC1, ACAN, TAS2R38, WNT2, PHYHIPL, DKK4, DUSP27, and ABCA12. The top 10 down‐regulated genes were SFRP2, CHRDL1, KBTBD12, RERGL, DPP10, CLCA4, GREM2, TMIGD1, FEV, and OTOP3. Wnt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) were up‐regulated in CRA. Three hub genes including WNT2, WNT5A, and SFRP1 were filtered out via Cytoscape. Further RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed that WNT2 was highly expressed in CRA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.98 indicated the expression level of WNT2 as a candidate to differ CRA from HPP.ConclusionOur study suggests Wnt signaling pathway and ECM are enriched in CRA, and WNT2 may be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing CRA from HPP and preventing the malignance of CRA.
Employee performance and abusive supervision: The role of supervisor over‐attributions
Authors: Lyubykh Zhanna , Bozeman Jennifer , Hershcovis M. Sandy , Turner Nick , Shan J. Valerie 
Published: September 2021

SummaryTo understand the relationship between employee performance and abusive reactions from supervisors, we examine the role of supervisors' attributions about employees' performance. Drawing on the fundamental attribution error, we argue that supervisors over‐attribute lower levels of performance to employees' internal factors (i.e., conscientiousness), which then triggers higher levels of abusive supervision. In Study 1, we collected data from 189 supervisor–employee dyads. The results indicated that lower levels of supervisor‐rated employee performance related to supervisor biased attributions to employee conscientiousness, which in turn resulted in employee‐rated abusive supervision. In Study 2, we combined a recall task with a vignette design to replicate and extend our findings. We demonstrated that after adjusting for the baseline level of employee conscientiousness, supervisors over‐attributed poor performance to employee conscientiousness and then engaged in higher levels of abusive behaviors. Further, consistent with premises of fundamental attribution error, we found that in the absence of information about who was at fault for poor performance, supervisors over‐attributed poor performance to internal factors (employee) as compared to external factors (software malfunction). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that biased attributions about employee conscientiousness help explain the relationship between employee performance and abusive supervision.
Impacts of temperature and humidity changes on air‐conditioning design load under the climate change conditions in different climate zones of China
Authors: Cao Jingfu , Li Mingcai , Wang Min , Li Bojia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMeteorological parameters, as the important basis for improving building energy efficiency, will show apparent changes under climate change conditions. In this study, outdoor design temperature and humidity for air‐conditioning system in 12 cities, representing major climatic zones of China, were analysed to determine the impacts of temperature and humidity on the design load of air‐conditioning system. The results showed that outdoor design temperature largely increased during the last few decades and relative humidity apparently decreased except for two cities belonging to the severe cold and hot summer and cold winter climate zones. The increase in temperature and decrease in humidity have made obvious changes in the design load of air‐conditioning system. The design loads for cooling increased 1.8%–10% in these selected cities during 1991–2017 compared with 1961–1990. By contrast, the design loads for dehumidification decreased 0.8%–7% in 1991–2017 relative to 1961–1990. When the cooling and dehumidification were considered together, the design loads changed from −1.5% to 4.1% in the two periods, depending on cities or climate zones. These results demonstrated that, under the condition of climate change, the combined changes of humidity and temperature rather than temperature alone should be fully considered to determine the design capacity of air‐conditioning system, especially for temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) air‐conditioning system, to save energy and improve indoor comfort.
A planar Marchand balun for wideband performance
Authors: Li Jichen , Liu Kaiyu , Li Tianlong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA planar Marchand balun for wideband performance is presented. The two sections of quarter‐wavelength parallel‐coupled lines are etched in the bottom ground layer for a higher coupling coefficient. In the top metal layer, the additional compensation‐transmission‐line Trace is designed between the two balanced ports to decrease the imbalances. Two different frequency band circuits Balun A&B have been simulated and fabricated to verify the design method of this letter. The results of simulation and measurement show that the balun structure can achieve high amplitude and phase stability over a wide frequency band (the Balun A is from 1.5 to 4.8 GHz, with the relative bandwidth of 104.7% and the Balun B is from 2.3 to 7.3 GHz, with the relative bandwidth of 104.1%.
Interviews with Community Healthcare Registered Nurses in Norway: Examination Practices and Clinical Evaluation Processes
Authors: Berg Geir V. , Slettebø Åshild , Johnsen Kjersti , Findal Dahl Aud , Fossum Mariann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study describes the examination practices and clinical evaluation processes that Registered Nurses in Norway perform in the community healthcare sector.DesignA qualitative exploratory design.MethodsTwenty interviews were conducted with Registered Nurses employed in the community healthcare sector in Norway. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis.ResultsWe found four major themes: (1) evaluations are embedded in nurses’ daily work, (2) significance of a Registered Nurse's clinical competency, (3) different tasks require various roles and (4) access to resources and equipment. Registered Nurses possess several skills in a range of different examination techniques and clinical evaluation processes in the community healthcare sector. They perform complex assessments in their daily work and must rely on other healthcare professionals, facilities and equipment to provide high‐quality care. Ongoing education and training will enable Registered Nurses to complete accurate assessments in their community healthcare practice.
Analysis of the variable step method of Dahlquist, Liniger and Nevanlinna for fluid flow
Authors: Layton William , Pei Wenlong , Qin Yi , Trenchea Catalin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe one‐leg, two‐step time discretization proposed by Dahlquist, Liniger and Nevanlinna is second order and variable step G‐stable. G‐stability for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) corrresponds to unconditional, long time energy stability when applied to the Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs). In this report, we analyze the method of Dahlquist, Liniger and Nevanlinna as a variable step, time discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations. We prove that the kinetic energy is bounded for variable time‐steps, show that the method is second‐order accurate, characterize its numerical dissipation and prove error estimates. The theoretical results are illustrated by several numerical tests.
Analysis of periosteal lesions from commingled human remains at the Xagħra Circle hypogeum reveals the first case of probable scurvy from Neolithic Malta
Authors: Thompson Jess E. , Power Ronika K. , Mercieca‐Spiteri Bernardette , Magnussen John S. , Pardey Margery , Buck Laura T. , Stock Jay T. , McLaughlin T. Rowan , Stoddart Simon , Malone Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesPalaeopathological analysis is key for characterising population health at the individual level and across large assemblages but is rarely exploited to unite the remains of disarticulated individuals. This study explores the potential for individual identification through differential diagnosis of periosteal lesions in a commingled deposit, both to ascertain the number of individuals represented and provide a differential diagnosis.Materials and MethodsThe late Neolithic Xagħra Circle hypogeum on Gozo contains the remains of more than 800 individuals, most of which were transformed to a collective disarticulated assemblage. Across the excavated population, pathological observations are strikingly low. In one specific 1 × 1‐m area in a single stratigraphic context, fragmented and disarticulated cranial and post‐cranial non‐adult bones were identified that displayed periosteal new bone formation. To aid differential diagnosis, macroscopic analysis, taphonomic analysis and micro‐computed tomography (μCT) imaging were integrated.ResultsThis approach, when combined with osteobiographical analyses, reveals that the elements most likely derive from one individual, a young child, who presents a probable case of scurvy. The potential for micronutrient co‐morbidities are explored, but without further microscopic study it cannot be determined if this individual also experienced iron‐deficiency anaemia and/or rickets.DiscussionIn the context of the Mediterranean and Europe in later prehistory, reported cases of scurvy are currently low and often reveal periods of environmental instability and resource insufficiency. Our finding of non‐adult scurvy in late 3rd millennium BC Malta contributes to a developing picture of an increasingly unstable palaeoenvironment and declining population health at this time, although it may also indicate an individual case of poor childhood health within this broader context.
Path planning of mobile robot in unknown dynamic continuous environment using reward‐modified deep Q‐network
Authors: Huang Runnan , Qin Chengxuan , Li Jian Ling , Lan Xuejing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe path planning problem of mobile robot in unknown dynamic environment (UDE) is discussed in this article by building a continuous dynamic simulation environment. To achieve a collision‐free path in UDE, the reinforcement learning theory with deep Q‐network (DQN) is applied for the mobile robot to learn optimal decisions. A reward function is designed with weight to balance the obstacle avoidance and the approach to the goal. Moreover, it is found that the relative motion between moving obstacles and robots may cause abnormal rewards and further lead to a collision between robot and obstacle. To address this problem, two reward thresholds are set to modify the abnormal rewards, and the experiments shows that the robot can avoid all obstacles and reach the goal successfully. Finally, double DQN (DDQN) and dueling DQN are applied in this article. This article compares the results of reward‐modified DQN (RMDQN), reward‐modified DDQN (RMDDQN), dueling RMDQN, and dueling RMDDQN and concludes that the result of RMDDQN is the best.
Association of Polypharmacy with Colorectal Cancer Survival Among Older Patients
Authors: Chen Li-Ju , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Chang-Claude Jenny , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn geriatric oncology, polypharmacy is often assessed during a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Previous studies about its association with survival among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were inconclusive and had high risk for indication bias.Patients and MethodsA cohort study was conducted with 3,239 patients with CRC, aged ≥65 years, who were recruited in Germany between 2003 and 2016, while being hospitalized for CRC surgery. We defined polypharmacy as the concurrent use of five or more drugs, and excessive polypharmacy (EPP) as concurrent use of eight or more drugs. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to assess the associations of polypharmacy with 5-year overall (OS), CRC-specific (CSS), and non-cancer-specific survival (NCS) with rigorous adjustment for morbidity to minimize indication bias (e.g., for cancer stage, functional status, and 13 common diseases/conditions).ResultsThe prevalence of polypharmacy was 54.7% and that of EPP was 24.2%. During up to 5 years of follow-up, 1,070 participants died, among whom 615 died of CRC and 296 died of other causes than cancer. EPP was statistically significantly associated with poorer up-to-5-year OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.47) and CSS (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.68). HR point estimate for NCS was higher than 1 (1.22) but not statistically significant.ConclusionPolypharmacy was very common and EPP was a weak risk factor for mortality in this large cohort of older patients with CRC. Clinical trials are needed to address the causality of this relationship because older patients with CRC might benefit from deprescribing drugs without an indication.Implications for PracticeThe results of this study support the hypothesis that excessive polypharmacy, defined as use of eight or more concurrently used active substances, has a negative impact on the prognosis of older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study suggests to oncologists that performing a medication review for older patients with CRC with eight drugs or more is indicated (especially when a broader comprehensive geriatric assessment is being performed). Such a medication review should not only focus on reducing the number of medications (by deprescribing drugs without an indication) but also check the appropriateness of indicated drugs for older patients with cancer.
Safety and efficacy of a platelet glycoprotein Ib inhibitor for patients with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: A phase Ib/IIa study
Authors: Zheng Bo , Li Jianping , Jiang Jie , Xiang Dingcheng , Chen Yundai , Yu Zaixin , Zeng Hesong , Ge Junbo , Dai Xiangrong , Liu Jiahui , Li Benjamin , Huo Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of a novel GP Ib receptor inhibitor in patients with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Design and SettingMulticenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating, phase Ib‐IIa clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the low‐dose (n=20, 2 IU/60 kg), moderate‐dose (n=20, 3 IU/60 kg), or high‐dose anfibatide group (n=20, 5 IU/60 kg), or the placebo group (n=30). Anfibatide was administered for up to 48 hours along with standard aspirin and clopidogrel therapy.PatientsNinety patients with NSTEMI who underwent PCI at six academic hospitals in China.Measurements and Main ResultsAll three doses of anfibatide showed dose‐dependent antiplatelet activity as measured by ex vivo platelet aggregation at 5 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours during infusion, and 4 hours post‐infusion compared with placebo. Higher inhibition of platelet aggregation occurred in all anfibatide groups compared with the placebo group. The post‐procedural TIMI grade flow, myocardial blush grade, and corrected TIMI frame count were not significantly different among the four groups. Thirty‐day mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and major bleeding were rare and comparable between patients who received anfibatide and placebo. There was no significant difference in the platelet count among the groups during follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study shows that intravenous administration of the platelet receptor GP Ib antagonist anfibatide is feasible and safe to inhibit platelet aggregation without increasing the risk of bleeding and thrombocytopenia in patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI.
A pragmatic assessment of proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine type 2 receptor antagonists on clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality when used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the ICU
Authors: Boyd Carly , Hassig Tanna , MacLaren Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 1%–5% of critically ill patients experience clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding (CIGB). This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) compared to histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) for prevention of CIGB in mechanically ventilated patients.DesignThis is a retrospective, single‐center, pharmacoepidemiologic study.SettingThis study was carried out in six intensive care units (ICUs).PatientsCritically ill adults admitted between 9/1/14 and 9/1/19 who received PPIs or H2RAs within 24 h of intubation and for ≥48 h were included in this study.InterventionPPIs or H2RAs for stress ulcer prophylaxis.Measurements and Main ResultsPrimary outcomes were CIGB occurring 48 h after ICU admission and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were pneumonia, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction/ischemia, thrombocytopenia, and delirium. Outcomes were defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and Tenth Revision (ICD‐10)‐codes with manual cross‐reference for a hemoglobin drop, transfusion, or hemodynamic compromise to further define CIGB. Of 3873 patients, 2061 (53.2%) received PPIs. CIGB was rare but higher in the PPI group (0.34% vs. 0%, RR = 1, 95% CI, 1–1; p = 0.013); however, substantial group differences existed possibly predisposing the PPI group to CIGB. Hospital mortality was higher in the PPI group (42.1% vs. 29.1%, RR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.17–1.29; p < 0.0001). PPIs remained an independent risk factor for mortality after multivariate adjustment (RR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.39–1.88; p < 0.0001). Rates of secondary outcomes were similar between groups except thrombocytopenia (4.3% vs. 2.2%, RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; p = 0.0003) and delirium (83.7% vs. 78.1%, RR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.18–1.53; p < 0.0001) that were higher in the PPI group.ConclusionProton pump inhibitors were associated with CIGB; however, the overall rate of CIGB was low. Compared to H2RAs, PPIs were associated with hospital mortality. Further identification of appropriate selection criteria for ulcer prophylaxis and comparisons of pharmacologic prevention strategies are warranted.
DABCO as a potential catalyst for the CO2 fixation: A density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a great concern today. One of the best ways to overcome this challenge is to convert CO2 into useful chemicals. Referring to the difficulties posed by the conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals, an attempt has been made to investigate 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a potential cost‐effective organic catalyst in the present work. A fixation reaction of CO2 with oxirane was chosen to be as a prototypal model in the presence of DABCO catalyst. The density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) studies were conducted, which clearly show that the DABCO molecule efficiently catalyzes the fixation reaction via simultaneous activation of both oxirane and CO2 concertedly. The effect of polar and nonpolar solvents on the reaction was also investigated. The low polarity solvents were found to be the appropriate medium for the reaction. Further, the DFT results clearly reveal that the catalytic activity of the DABCO molecule increases upon the substitution of oxirane.