bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular mechanism underlying pathogenicity inhibition by sanguinarine in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Anjago Wilfred Mabeche , Zeng Wenlong , Chen Yixiao , Wang Yupeng , Biregeya Jules , Li Yunxi , Zhang Tian , Peng Minghui , Cai Yan , Shi Mingyue , Wang Baohua , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Zonghua , Chen Meilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSanguinarine (SAN) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that broadly targets a range of pathways in mammalian and fungal cells. In this study we set out to explore the molecular mechanism of sanguinarine inhibition of the fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae with the hope that sanguinarine will bolster the development of antiblast agents.RESULTSWe found that the fungus exhibited a significant reduction in vegetative growth and hyphal melanization while the spores produced long germ tubes on the artificial hydrophobic surface characteristic of a defect in thigmotropic sensing when exposed to 4, 8 and 0.5 μm sanguinarine, respectively. Consistent with these findings, we observed that the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and the fungal hydrophobin MoMPG1 were remarkably suppressed in mycelia treated with 8 μm sanguinarine. Additionally, sanguinarine inhibited appressorium formation at a dose of 1.0 μm and this defect was restored by supplementing 5 mM of exogenous cAMP. By qRT‐PCR assay we found cAMP pathway signalling genes such as MoCAP1 and MoCpkA were significantly repressed whereas MoCDTF1 and MoSOM1 were upregulated in sanguinarine‐treated strains. Furthermore, we showed that sanguinarine does not selectively inhibit vegetative growth and appressorium formation of Guy11 but also other strains of M. oryzae. Finally, treatment of sanguinarine impaired the appressorium‐mediated penetration and pathogenicity of M. oryzae in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONBased on our results we concluded that sanguinarine is an attractive antimicrobial candidate for fungicide development in the control of rice blast disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterizing cancer‐associated myosteatosis: anatomic distribution and cancer‐specific variability of low radiodensity muscle
Authors: Armstrong Victoria , Stretch Cynthia , Fitzgerald Liam , Gopaul Aquila , McKinnon Greg , Koziak Jennifer , Kopciuk Karen , Brockton Nigel , Bathe Oliver F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow muscle radiodensity on computed tomography (CT) scan, indicative of myosteatosis, is commonly observed in cancer patients and can be associated with poor prognosis. Radiodensity is typically measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). It is unknown whether features at L3 reflect a systemic state affecting peripheral muscle groups, whether images used at different levels can be used as a surrogate if L3 images are unavailable, and how radiodensity varies between cancer types.MethodsCore and extremity muscle radiodensities were measured in whole body CT images from melanoma patients to evaluate the anatomical distribution of muscle radiodensity measurements. Core muscle radiodensity was measured in 891 patients with different cancer types to study malignancy‐dependent patterns in muscle radiodensity.ResultsLow muscle radiodensity at L3 (<30 Hounsfield Unit) was associated with a corresponding lower muscle radiodensity in all muscle groups evaluated (P < 0.001). However, muscle radiodensities were lowest in the core muscle groups compared with muscles in the extremities. Muscle radiodensities at T12 closely correlated with measurements taken at L3 (r = 0.920, P < 0.001), but the correlation was weaker with mid‐thigh measurements (r = 0.745, P < 0.001). The distribution of muscle radiodensities varied significantly with cancer type (P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe uniform distribution of low muscle radiodensity in cancer patients supports the hypothesis that the underlying mechanism for myosteatosis is systemic in nature. The most reliable measurements of muscle radiodensity are taken using images of core muscles. Variations in muscle radiodensity associated with cancer exist, suggesting that cancer‐specific biological drivers are at play.
Observer‐based adaptive neural networks control for Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partial mode information and input saturation
Authors: Cao Boqiang , Nie Xiaobing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe observer‐based adaptive neural networks control problem is studied in this article for nonlinear Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with partial mode information and input saturation. The existing adaptive control scheme for MJSs works only when the Markov mode of system is completely known. For this reason, the concept of partial mode information of Markov chain is embedded into the framework of adaptive backstepping method and then a mode detector is set to emit the mode. To achieve the control objective, only the emitted mode is used to design the state observer and adaptive control scheme. Besides, an auxiliary signal is introduced in MJSs to compensate the effect of input saturation and this signal appears in controller as the input of neural networks instead of a separate term, which makes the form of proposed controller simpler than that in the literature. Finally, a numerical example and a practical example are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of our control scheme.
Mobility Extraction in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Devices—Avoiding Contact Resistance Implicated Overestimation
Authors: Pang Chin‐Sheng , Zhou Ruiping , Liu Xiangkai , Wu Peng , Hung Terry Y. T. , Guo Shiqi , Zaghloul Mona E. , Krylyuk Sergiy , Davydov Albert V. , Appenzeller Joerg , Chen Zhihong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchottky barrier (SB) transistors operate distinctly different from conventional metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors, in a unique way that the gate impacts the carrier injection from the metal source/drain contacts into the channel region. While it has been long recognized that this can have severe implications for device characteristics in the subthreshold region, impacts of contact gating of SB in the on‐state of the devices, which affects evaluation of intrinsic channel properties, have been yet comprehensively studied. Due to the fact that contact resistance (RC) is always gate‐dependent in a typical back‐gated device structure, the traditional approach of deriving field‐effect mobility from the maximum transconductance (gm) is in principle not correct and can even overestimate the mobility. In addition, an exhibition of two different threshold voltages for the channel and the contact region leads to another layer of complexity in determining the true carrier concentration calculated from Q = COX * (VG–VTH). Through a detailed experimental analysis, the effect of different effective oxide thicknesses, distinct SB heights, and doping‐induced reductions in the SB width are carefully evaluated to gain a better understanding of their impact on important device metrics.
Evolutionary pattern ofMetacaremysgen. nov. (Rodentia, Octodontidae) and its biochronological implications for the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America
Authors: Piñero Pedro , Verzi Diego H. , Olivares A. Itatí , Montalvo Claudia I. , Tomassini Rodrigo L. , Fernández Villoldo Ariel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyse the taxonomic status and diversity of the late Miocene Octodontoidea (Hystricognathi)Cercomys primitivaand related samples, a taxon previously known only from the holotype specimen. New findings associated with an extensive review of late Miocene and early Pliocene rodents have allowed us to recognize the occurrence of this and other related species in several localities of central and western Argentina, and in south‐central Bolivia. We discuss the invalidity ofCercomysand propose the new genusMetacaremys, which includes the type speciesMetacaremys primitivacomb. nov. and two new species,Metacaremys calfucalelsp. nov. andMetacaremys dimisp. nov. Osteological, brain and dental morphology show that the new genus is not related to Brazilian Echimyidae, as previously considered, but to the southern family Octodontidae. Although the molar morphology of this genus is quite conservative, comparison of the samples shows a variation in size. We discuss the plausible evolutionary pattern explaining this variation and the implied biochronological and biostratigraphical information. It is recognized as an anagenetic lineage in which an increase in size occurs from the oldest species,M. primitivacomb. nov. (early late Miocene,c. 9.23 Ma), to the youngest species,M. dimisp. nov. (Miocene–Pliocene boundary,c. 5.28 Ma).Metacaremys calfucalelis intermediate in size and age between these two species. The polarity of this pattern of change is consistent with that shown by other partially synchronous independent lineages of octodontoids, thus providing new evidence for the biochronological and biostratigraphic scheme of the late Miocene and early Pliocene of southern South America.
What a pandemic can say about human–environment relationship
Authors: Pettini Greta , Mazzocco Ketti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2020, the new coronavirus disease has seen many countries adopt mitigation activities to interrupt human‐to‐human transmission, radically changing daily life habits with secondary effects on the environment. The aim of this article is to comment on these events from a systemic point of view, referring to systems theories and the non‐linear causal relation between human behaviour and the environment. As Bateson stated, linear thinking has led human beings to exploit the environment, causing an ecological crisis and disequilibrium within the system, because the mutual interrelationship and homeostasis mechanisms between humans and their environment were ignored. Taking into account the pandemic and its effects, the new coronavirus provides an opportunity to see otherwise invisible or obscured relational phenomena, such as the mutual relationship between humans and their environment.
Global Well-Posedness of the Ocean Primitive Equations with Nonlinear Thermodynamics
Authors: Korn Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations of global ocean dynamics, also known as the “primitive equations”, coupled to advection–diffusion equations for temperature and salt. The system of equations is closed by an equation of state that expresses density as a function of temperature, salinity and pressure. The equation of state TEOS-10, the official description of seawater and ice properties in marine science of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, is the most accurate equations of state with respect to ocean observation and rests on the firm theoretical foundation of the Gibbs formalism of thermodynamics. We study several specifications of the TEOS-10 equation of state that comply with the assumption underlying the primitive equations. These equations of state take the form of high-order polynomials or rational functions of temperature, salinity and pressure. The ocean primitive equations with a nonlinear equation of state describe richer dynamical phenomena than the system with a linear equation of state. We prove well-posedness for the ocean primitive equations with nonlinear thermodynamics in the Sobolev space $${{\mathcal {H}}^{1}}$$

H

1

. The proof rests upon the fundamental work of Cao and Titi (Ann. Math. 166:245–267, 2007) and also on the results of Kukavica and Ziane (Nonlinearity 20:2739–2753, 2007). Alternative and older nonlinear equations of state are also considered. Our results narrow the gap between the mathematical analysis of the ocean primitive equations and the equations underlying numerical ocean models used in ocean and climate science.
Prozesse der Emotionsregulierung in psychoanalytischen Langzeitpsychotherapien
Authors: Bänninger-Huber Eva 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Projekt verfolgt das Ziel, das affektive Regulierungsgeschehen in psychotherapeutischen Interaktionen anhand von Videoaufnahmen mikroanalytisch zu beschreiben und mit einem produktiven therapeutischen Prozess in Beziehung zu setzen. Analysiert werden mimische Verhaltensweisen, die mit dem Facial Action Coding System (FACS) objektiv erfasst werden. Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen die sogenannten Prototypischen Affektiven Mikrosequenzen (PAMS). PAMs sind durch Lächeln und Lachen gekennzeichnet und dienen dazu, Störungen in der Affektregulierung mit Hilfe des Gegenübers auszuregulieren. Sie spielen in der therapeutischen Beziehung eine bedeutsame Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung einer Balance zwischen Beziehungssicherheit und Konfliktspannung. Unsere Analysen sollen dabei helfen, die Funktionen dieser weitgehend unbewussten Prozesse besser zu verstehen und für den therapeutischen Alltag nutzbar zu machen.
Distribution of clock correction and ephemeris parameters in broadcast navigation messages
Authors: Lapin Ivan , Samson Jaron , Wallner Stefan , Lopez Carlos , Mabilleau Mikael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe distribution of clock correction and ephemeris (CCE) parameters in navigation messages broadcast by operational satellite vehicles (SVs) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is studied. For this purpose, two evaluation metrics are proposed, namely atypical navigation message structures and time to complete CCE sets (TTCS). The evaluation metrics are used to analyze three and a half years of operational Galileo F/NAV and GPS LNAV messages. The study considers arbitrary and healthy-only signal-in-space (SIS) health statuses. The frequently used receiver independent exchange format (RINEX) navigation files are shown to not provide sufficient information to determine the CCE parameters transmitted at every time instance. Due to the identified limitations, binary navigation data collected by a worldwide network of monitoring stations are used for the analysis. During operations, the maximum of the TTCS metric is shown to be impacted by the issue of data (IOD) update periods and structures with mismatched IOD parameters, potentially introducing an additional delay to the time to first fix (TTFF). The message timing requirements of dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) are shown to be in line with the minimum times needed to obtain multiple complete Galileo F/NAV and GPS LNAV CCE sets.
On the reliability of the equivalent frame models: the case study of the permanently monitored Pizzoli’s town hall
Authors: Degli Abbati Stefania , Morandi Paolo , Cattari Serena , Spacone Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the comparison of the results of modal and nonlinear analyses carried out on a 2-story masonry building with rigid diaphragms, inspired by the Pizzoli’s town hall (AQ, Italy). The case study is one of the Benchmark Structures (labeled BS6) in the “URM nonlinear modelling–Benchmark project” funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) within the framework of the ReLUIS projects. The building has been instrumented since 2009 with a permanent monitoring system by the Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture (OSS) of the DPC and was hit by the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. In the research first phase, modal and nonlinear static analyses were carried out in a blind prediction, without any preliminary calibration of the models, but referring only to commonly made assumptions on materials and modelling. Five computer programs based on the Equivalent Frame Model (EFM) approach were used. Four different structural configurations were considered: with weak spandrels (A), with tie rods coupled to spandrels (B), with RC ring beams coupled to spandrels (C) and with “shear type” idealization (D). In the research second phase, two of the developed EFMs were calibrated in the elastic range using the results of available Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs). The models were then validated in the nonlinear range by simulating the dynamic response of the structure recorded during the mainshocks of the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake. Recorded and numerical results were compared at both the global and local scale.
Co-expression of transcription factor AP-2beta (TFAP2B) and GATA3 in human mammary epithelial cells with intense, apicobasal immunoreactivity for CK8/18
Authors: Raap M. , Gierendt L. , Werlein C. , Kuehnle E. , Kreipe H. H. , Christgen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAP-2β is a new mammary epithelial differentiation marker and its expression is preferentially retained and enhanced in lobular carcinoma in situ and invasive lobular breast cancer. In normal breast epithelium AP-2β is expressed in a scattered subpopulation of luminal cells. So far, these cells have not been further characterized. Co-expression of AP-2β protein and luminal epithelium markers (GATA3, CK8/18), hormone receptors [estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR)] and candidate stem cells markers (CK5/14, CD44) were assessed by double-immunofluorescence staining in normal mammary gland epithelium. The subpopulation of AP-2β-positive mammary epithelial cells showed an almost complete, superimposable co-expression with GATA3 and a peculiar intense, ring-like appearing immunoreactivity for CK8/18. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an apicobasal staining for CK8/18 in AP-2β-positive cells, which was not seen in in AP-2β-negative cells. Furthermore, AP-2β-positive displayed a partial co-expression with ER and AR, but lacked expression of candidate stem cell markers CK5/14 and CD44. In summary, AP-2β is a new luminal mammary epithelial differentiation marker, which is expressed in the GATA3-positive subpopulation of luminal epithelial cells. These AP-2β-positive/GATA3-positive cells also show a peculiar CK8/18-expression which may indicate a previously unknown functionally specialized mammary epithelial cell population.
Design and regulation of balancing power auctions: an integrated market model approach
Authors: Ehrhart Karl-Martin , Ocker Fabian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an integrated market model which considers the dependencies between the wholesale market and the highly regulated balancing power markets. This fosters the understanding of the mechanisms of these markets and, thus, allows the evaluation of the designs of these markets and their interplay. In contrast to existing literature, in our model the prices on the different markets are interdependent and endogenously determined, which also applies to the switch from inframarginal suppliers to extramarginal suppliers. Linked to this, the implementation of a specific assignment of the suppliers to the different markets is according to their production costs and their ability to provide balancing power. We prove the existence of a market equilibrium, analyze its outcome and contrast this with German market data. Based on this model, we assess design changes, partly stipulated by recent European regulation. This includes uniform pricing as a common settlement rule (effect: no truthful bidding in general), standardized prequalification criteria (promising measure for cost reduction), market flexibilization via “free energy bids” (no increased competition) and the alternative score “mixed-price rule” (no effect on the equilibrium).
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, chromium and lead in warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa): occurrence and risk assessment
Authors: Lambiase Sara , Ariano Andrea , Serpe Francesco Paolo , Scivicco Marcello , Velotto Salvatore , Esposito Mauro , Severino Lorella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the PAH and heavy metal levels in muscle of warty crabs (Eriphia verrucosa), from the northern coast of the Campania region improving the data on toxic contaminants in this crustacean. The results showed a minimal PAH contamination; the mean concentrations were as follows: 0.2, 1.6 and 1.7 μg kg-1 wet weight (ww) for BaP, PAH4 and PAH6, respectively. Regarding the levels of the two PAHs not included in the European regulations, the BkF mean concentration was 0.1 μg kg-1 ww, while DahA was detected only in 10.7% of samples. Pb and Cr were also detected at low levels with mean values of 0.068 and 0.468 mg kg-1 ww, respectively; instead, high As levels, with a mean value of 5.021 mg kg-1 ww, were found. Considering the EWIs and the ILCRs calculated in this study, the PAH, Pb and Cr contamination levels found in the edible part of the crabs resulted safe for human consumption. Contrariwise, the ILCR calculated for the As exceeded the acceptable level of cancer risk, although the calculation did not refer to the inorganic form which is the only one recognized as carcinogenic. Hence, this study shows that warty crabs can accumulate environmental contaminants in their muscle tissue representing an important route of exposure to these toxics for the local population that regularly consumes them. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring the presence of these pollutants in crabs and in general in all fish and seafood in order to ensure food safety for consumers.
Characterization of Hoek–Brown constant mi of quasi-isotropic intact rock using rigidity index approach
Authors: Davarpanah Seyed Morteza , Sharghi Mohammad , Vásárhelyi Balázs , Török Ákos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn accurate determination of Hoek–Brown constant mi is of great significance in the estimation of the failure criteria of brittle rock materials. So far, different approaches such as rigidity index method (R-index), uniaxial compressive strength-based method, and tensile strength-based method, and the combination of these two methods (combination based method) have been proposed to calculate the value of mi. This paper aims to thoroughly review the previously existing methods to calculate the value of mi and make comparison between the obtain results to propose the new material constants that provide the best fit with the experimental data. In order to fulfill this goal, a large number of data for different quasi-isotropic intact rock types from the literature were collected and statistically analyzed. Additionally, based on rock types, new material constants are introduced for igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The obtained results proves that for different rock groups (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks), R-index method provides the best fit with the experimental data among the others, and it is also independent of rock type. Interestingly enough, there is significant differences in the predicted mi values using different methods, which is more probably due to the quantity and quality of data used in the statistical analysis.
Unterrichtsqualität und intrinsische Lesemotivation im Kontext der Bund-Länder-Initiative „Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift“ (BiSS)
Authors: Ohle-Peters Annika , Igler Jennifer , Schlitter Theresa , Teerling Annika , Köller Olaf , McElvany Nele 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungLesekompetenz gilt als fächerübergreifende Schlüsselkompetenz für Bildungserfolg und ist damit ein zentrales Ziel des Grundschulunterrichts. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielte die Bund-Länder-Initiative „Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift“ unter anderem auf die Förderung lesebezogener Kompetenzen im Leseunterricht der Grundschule ab. Der intrinsischen Lesemotivation kommt aufgrund ihres eigenständigen Wertes und wegen ihrer Zusammenhänge mit der Lesekompetenz eine große Bedeutung zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht a) Zusammenhänge zwischen schulischer BiSS-Beteiligung und der Entwicklung der Qualität des Leseunterrichts in einem quasi-experimentellen Längsschnittdesign mitN = 1032 Schülerinnen und Schülern der vierten Klassenstufe und b) Zusammenhänge von Unterrichtsqualität und der Entwicklung intrinsischer Lesemotivation. Es wurden Mehrebenenstrukturgleichungsmodelle spezifiziert und analysiert, die einen kleinen positiven Effekt schulischer BiSS-Beteiligung auf die Differenzierung im Leseunterricht zeigten. Außerdem erwiesen sich Differenzierung, Störungen im Unterricht und Merkmale des unterstützenden Unterrichtsklimas als prädiktiv für intrinsische Lesemotivation auf Individualebene.