bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal correlation analysis of the dynamic response of supertall buildings under ambient wind conditions
Authors: Yang Bin , Pan Licheng , Zhu Haitao , Sun Siyuan , Zhang Qilin 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe structural health monitoring systems of supertall buildings are typical big data systems with abundant and high‐dimensional data. Correlation analysis is a vital technique for data mining and analysis. This study aims to reveal the spatial and temporal correlation of 4 years of structural health monitoring data from the 632‐m‐high Shanghai Tower under normal wind and typhoon conditions. In this paper, the root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration response is used to characterize the structural vibration intensity. The maximal information coefficient (MIC) and Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) are adopted to measure the spatial correlations along Shanghai Tower under different wind conditions. The temporal correlation of structural vibration is investigated with kernel density estimation and the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. The results show that the structural vibrations of Shanghai Tower in different spatial positions are correlated. The correlation of the structural vibrations of the same floor is at a high level under both normal wind and typhoons, while that of different floors rises with increasing mean wind speed. Furthermore, the MIC is more stable than the PPMCC in measuring this spatial correlation. Based on temporal correlation analysis, a circadian rhythm tendency of the structural vibration intensity of Shanghai Tower on the daily scale is identified, and it is verified that the structural response is temporally correlated. These findings can provide a structural health state estimation index based on the correlation coefficient and provide a basis for the screening of modeling data.
Sources of gender differences in competency beliefs and retention in an introductorypremedicalscience course
Authors: Witherspoon Eben B. , Schunn Christian D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGender disparities in retention in pathways to science continue to vary widely by course. Undergraduates intending to study prehealth and premedicine often represent a majority of students enrolled in introductory science courses, contribute to a large number of eventual science degree earners, and are a population that typically includes a high number of women. However, gender differences in attrition, grades, and attitudes persist in the introductory science courses required by undergraduate preheath and premedical programs, particularly within the physical sciences (i.e., Chemistry and Physics). We use structural equation modeling to study 416 undergraduate students across multiple sections of an Algebra‐based Physics course, a common course on the prehealth and premedical track where large gender differences in grades, retention and competency beliefs have been documented. Our analysis focuses on identifying potential academic and attitudinal sources for gender differences in students' beliefs about their Physics abilities at the end of the course, and retention to the second physics course, which is often influenced by these competency beliefs. Results suggest that while men's ability beliefs in Physics are relatively stable and largely derived from early performance indicators, this is a smaller source of ability beliefs for women. Instead, women's ability beliefs are mediated during the course through their sense of belonging in Physics, and the extent to which they believe that Physics ability is fixed or malleable. These findings can inform the design of interventions in Physics courses that specifically target the development of ability beliefs for women intending medical careers.
Compulsive right circling in a cat: Obsessive‐compulsive disorder or primary neurological disease
Authors: Uccheddu Stefania , Biggio Federica , Gallucci Antonella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old cat was presented with a 3‐months history of recurrent episodes of circling to the right with increasing frequency. Physical and blood examination results were unremarkable. Neurological examination showed right circling and non‐measurable menace response; both eyes were absent since 2 months of age. A right forebrain disorder was suspected, possibly caused by vascular, neoplastic or infective/inflammatory disease. An MRI scan excluded brain lesions and revealed an incidental left middle ear infection. A functional lesion in a postictal phase following focal epileptic seizure was considered; however, the right circling behaviour worsened despite phenobarbital treatment. Aggression against owners and co‐habiting cats was also reported. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder was suspected after excluding other compulsive behaviours through a behavioural evaluation. Fluoxetine (0.5 mg/kg, every 24 hours) reduced the intensity and frequency of the circling behaviour by approximately 50% within 25 days. In cats showing compulsive lateralised circling, behavioural disorders are a key differential diagnosis.
Genetic, Endocrine, and Microbiological Assessments of Blue, Humpback and Killer Whale Health using Unoccupied Aerial Systems
Authors: Atkinson Shannon , Rogan Andrew , Baker C. Scott , Dagdag Ralf , Redlinger Matthew , Polinski Jennifer , Urban Jorge , Sremba Angie , Branson Maile , Mashburn Kendall , Pallin Logan , Klink Amy , Steel Debbie , Bortz Eric , Kerr Iain 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTUnoccupied aerial system (UAS) technologies applied to health assessments of large whales can have positive implications for progressive management. We focused on the collection of cetacean respiratory blow samples for endocrine, DNA profiling, microbial metabarcoding, and metagenomics analyses, with the goal of improving management of large whale populations. Blow samples were collected from humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae, n = 109 samples analyzed), blue (Balaenoptera musculus, n = 21 samples analyzed), and killer whale (Orcinus orca, n = 1 sample analyzed) species, as well as the responses of the whales to the collection of their blow by UAS. Endocrine analyses were validated for 5 steroid hormones in humpback whales and 4 hormones in blue whales. For DNA profiling, we attempted to extract and amplify nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, resulting in sequencing of mtDNA haplotypes for 54% of samples, identification of sex for 39%, and individual identification by microsatellite genotyping for 17%. The DNA profiles of 2 of the blow samples from humpback whales were matched to a DNA register for this regional population. Metagenomic and microbial metabarcoding classifications found a diverse number of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses in humpback whale blow. Although a significant portion of classifications were found in both seawater and blow, several of the most abundant organisms were present only in blow samples, suggesting they are true members of the respiratory microbiome. A comprehensive integration of laboratory‐based approaches using noninvasive UAS collection technologies could become an important management tool for health assessments of large cetaceans, especially for species listed as endangered. The addition of individual and population‐level health assessments to currently practiced stewardship of large whales, renders them as excellent sentinels of ocean health. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Cosmology of the Twin Higgs without explicit ℤ2 breaking
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , Kats Yevgeny 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The cosmology of the Twin Higgs requires the breaking of the ℤ2 symmetry, but it is still an open question whether this breaking needs to be explicit. In this paper, we study how the Mirror Twin Higgs could be modified to be compatible with current cosmological constraints without explicit ℤ2 breaking. We first present a simple toy model that can realize baryogenesis without explicit ℤ2 breaking or reaching temperatures that would lead to domain walls. The model can also either solve the Neff problem and bring the abundance of mirror atoms to an allowed level or provide the correct dark matter abundance. We then present another simple model that leads to mirror neutron dark matter and thus acceptable dark matter self-interactions. We also include in appendix a series of results on energy exchange between different sectors that might prove useful for other cosmological problems.
The function of the co-chaperone ERdj4 in diverse (patho-)physiological conditions
Authors: Daverkausen-Fischer Lea , Pröls Felicitas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces a well-orchestrated cellular response to reduce the protein burden within the ER. This unfolded protein response (UPR) is controlled primarily by three transmembrane proteins, IRE1α, ATF6, and PERK, the activity of which is controlled by BiP, the ER-resident Hsp70 protein. Binding of BiP to co-chaperones via their highly conserved J-domains stimulates the intrinsic ATPase activity of BiP, thereby providing the energy necessary for (re-)folding of proteins, or for targeting of misfolded proteins to the degradation pathway, processes specified and controlled by the respective co-chaperone. In this review, our aim is to elucidate the function of the co-chaperone ERDJ4, also known as MDG1, MDJ7, or DNAJB9. Knockout and knockin experiments clearly point to the central role of ERDJ4 in controlling lipogenesis and protein synthesis by promoting degradation of SREBP1c and the assembly of the protein complex mTORC2. Accumulating data reveal that ERDJ4 controls epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a central process during embryogenesis, in wound healing, and tumor development. Overexpression of ERdj4 has been shown to improve engraftment of transplanted human stem cells, possibly due to its ability to promote cellular survival in stressed cells. High ERDJ4-plasma levels are specific for fibrillary glomerulonephritis and serve as a diagnostic marker. As outlined in this review, the functions of ERDJ4 are manifold, depending on the cellular (patho-) physiological state, the cellular protein repertoire, and the subcellular localization of ERDJ4.
Time-Harmonic Solutions for Maxwell’s Equations in Anisotropic Media and Bochner–Riesz Estimates with Negative Index for Non-elliptic Surfaces
Authors: Mandel Rainer , Schippa Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe solve time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations in anisotropic, spatially homogeneous media in intersections of $$L^p$$

L
p

-spaces. The material laws are time-independent. The analysis requires Fourier restriction–extension estimates for perturbations of Fresnel’s wave surface. This surface can be decomposed into finitely many components of the following three types: smooth surfaces with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature, smooth surfaces with Gaussian curvature vanishing along one-dimensional submanifolds but without flat points, and surfaces with conical singularities. Our estimates are based on new Bochner–Riesz estimates with negative index for non-elliptic surfaces.
Coercivity, essential norms, and the Galerkin method for second-kind integral equations on polyhedral and Lipschitz domains
Authors: Chandler-Wilde S. N. , Spence E. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is well known that, with a particular choice of norm, the classical double-layer potential operatorDhas essential norm$$<1/2$$<1/2as an operator on the natural trace space$$H^{1/2}(\Gamma )$$H1/2(Γ)whenever$$\Gamma $$Γis the boundary of a bounded Lipschitz domain. This implies, for the standard second-kind boundary integral equations for the interior and exterior Dirichlet and Neumann problems in potential theory, convergence of the Galerkin method in$$H^{1/2}(\Gamma )$$H1/2(Γ)for any sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces$$({{\mathcal {H}}}_N)_{N=1}^\infty $$(HN)N=1∞that is asymptotically dense in$$H^{1/2}(\Gamma )$$H1/2(Γ). Long-standing open questions are whether the essential norm is also$$<1/2$$<1/2forDas an operator on$$L^2(\Gamma )$$L2(Γ)for all Lipschitz$$\Gamma $$Γin 2-d; or whether, for all Lipschitz$$\Gamma $$Γin 2-d and 3-d, or at least for the smaller class of Lipschitz polyhedra in 3-d, the weaker condition holds that the operators$$\pm \frac{1}{2}I+D$$±12I+Dare compact perturbations of coercive operators—this a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the Galerkin method for every sequence of subspaces$$({{\mathcal {H}}}_N)_{N=1}^\infty $$(HN)N=1∞that is asymptotically dense in$$L^2(\Gamma )$$L2(Γ). We settle these open questions negatively. We give examples of 2-d and 3-d Lipschitz domains with Lipschitz constant equal to one for which the essential norm ofDis$$\ge 1/2$$≥1/2, and examples with Lipschitz constant two for which the operators$$\pm \frac{1}{2}I +D$$±12I+Dare not coercive plus compact. We also give, for every$$C>0$$C>0, examples of Lipschitz polyhedra for which the essential norm is$$\ge C$$≥Cand for which$$\lambda I+D$$λI+Dis not a compact perturbation of a coercive operator for any real or complex$$\lambda $$λwith$$|\lambda |\le C$$|λ|≤C. We then, via a new result on the Galerkin method in Hilbert spaces, explore the implications of these results for the convergence of Galerkin boundary element methods in the$$L^2(\Gamma )$$L2(Γ)setting. Finally, we resolve negatively a related open question in the convergence theory for collocation methods, showing that, for our polyhedral examples, there is no weighted norm on$$C(\Gamma )$$C(Γ), equivalent to the standard supremum norm, for which the essential norm ofDon$$C(\Gamma )$$C(Γ)is$$<1/2$$<1/2.
Botulinum toxin in cancer therapy—current perspectives and limitations
Authors: Grenda Tomasz , Grenda Anna , Krawczyk Paweł , Kwiatek Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDifferent serotypes of botulinum toxins (BoNTs) act upon different types of SNARE proteins. This property is used in aesthetic medicine to treat certain eye disorders such as crossed eyes (strabismus) and uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm), to treat muscle spasms or movement disorders, and, for the two last decades, more and more often, to provide support in cancer therapy, especially so as to obtain analgesic effects upon spastic conditions. The limited literature data also suggests that the addition of BoNTs to the culture of cancer cell lines reduces cell growth, and mitotic activity, and promotes their apoptosis. BoNTs have several advantages that can be emphasized: BoNTs act on both perfusion and oxygenation; moreover, BoNTs are considered to be safe and free of systemic side effects upon administration. Recently, advances in molecular biology techniques have allowed a wide variety of novel BoNT constructs with alternative functions. These constructs could be assessed as potential new classes of anti-cancer drugs. This creates new potential perspectives in the wider use of non-toxic modified BoNT constructs in cancer therapy. In the light of the mentioned premises and existing literature reports, the aim of this review is to summarize current data and reports considering BoNT use in cancer therapy.Key points•Botulinum toxin (BoNTs) may be useful in cancer treatment.•Botulinum toxin can serve as an analgesic after cancer radiotherapy.•Botulinum toxin has the ability to inhibit tumor growth and promote apoptosis of neoplastic cells.
Disparate roost sites drive intraspecific physiological variation in a Malagasy bat
Authors: Reher Stephanie , Rabarison Hajatiana , Montero B. Karina , Turner James M. , Dausmann Kathrin H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany species are widely distributed and individual populations can experience vastly different environmental conditions over seasonal and geographic scales. With such a broad ecological reality, datasets with limited spatial and temporal resolution may not accurately represent a species and could lead to poorly informed management decisions. Because physiological flexibility can help species tolerate environmental variation, we studied the physiological responses of two separate populations ofMacronycteris commersoni, a bat widespread across Madagascar, in contrasting seasons. The populations roost under the following dissimilar conditions: either a hot, well-buffered cave or within open foliage, unprotected from the local weather. We found that flexible torpor patterns, used in response to prevailing ambient temperature and relative humidity, were central to keeping energy budgets balanced in both populations. While bats’ metabolic rate during torpor and rest did not differ between roosts, adjusting torpor frequency, duration and timing helped bats maintain body condition. Interestingly, the exposed forest roost induced extensive use of torpor, which exceeded the torpor frequency of overwintering bats that stayed in the cave for months and consequently minimised daytime resting energy expenditure in the forest. Our current understanding of intraspecific physiological variation is limited and physiological traits are often considered to be fixed. The results of our study therefore highlight the need for examining species at broad environmental scales to avoid underestimating a species’ full capacity for withstanding environmental variation, especially in the face of ongoing, disruptive human interference in natural habitats.
Dynamic Averaging Load Balancing on Cycles
Authors: Alistarh Dan , Nadiradze Giorgi , Sabour Amirmojtaba 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider the following dynamic load-balancing process: given an underlying graphGwithnnodes, in each step$$t\ge 0$$t≥0, a random edge is chosen, one unit of load is created, and placed at one of the endpoints. In the same step, assuming that loads are arbitrarily divisible, the two nodesbalancetheir loads by averaging them. We are interested in the expected gap between the minimum and maximum loads at nodes as the process progresses, and its dependence onnand on the graph structure. Peres et al. (Random Struct Algorithms 47(4):760–775, 2015) studied the variant of this process, where the unit of load is placed in the least loaded endpoint of the chosen edge, and the averaging is not performed. In the case of dynamic load balancing on the cycle of lengthnthe only known upper bound on the expected gap is of order$$\mathcal {O}( n \log n )$$O(nlogn), following from the majorization argument due to the same work. In this paper, we leverage the power of averaging and provide an improved upper bound of$$\mathcal {O} ( \sqrt{n} \log n )$$O(nlogn). We introduce a new potential analysis technique, which enables us to bound the difference in load betweenk-hop neighbors on the cycle, for any$$k \le n/2$$k≤n/2. We complement this with a “gap covering” argument, which bounds the maximum value of the gap by bounding its value across all possible subsets of a certain structure, and recursively bounding the gaps within each subset. We also show that our analysis can be extended to the specific instance of Harary graphs. On the other hand, we prove that the expected second moment of the gap is lower bounded by$$\Omega (n)$$Ω(n). Additionally, we provide experimental evidence that our upper bound on the gap is tight up to a logarithmic factor.
Effects of electrical brain stimulation on brain indices and presence experience in immersive, interactive virtual reality
Authors: Kogler Wolfgang , Wood Guilherme , Kober Silvia Erika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe subjective presence experience in virtual reality (VR) is associated with distinct brain activation patterns. Particularly, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seems to play a central role. We investigated the effects of electric brain stimulation (transcranial direct current, tDCS) on the presence experience as well as on brain activity and connectivity. Thirty-eight participants received either anodal (N = 18) or cathodal (N = 20) stimulation of the DLPFC before interacting in an immersive VR as well as sham stimulation. During VR interaction, EEG and heart rate were recorded. After VR interaction, participants rated their subjective presence experience using standardized questionnaires. Cathodal stimulation led to stronger brain connectivity than sham stimulation. Increased brain connectivity was associated with numerically lower levels of subjective presence. Anodal stimulation did not lead to changes in brain connectivity, and no differences in subjective presence ratings were found between the anodal and sham stimulation. These results indicate that cathodal tDCS over the DLPFC leads to a more synchronized brain state, which might hamper the activity in networks, which are generally associated with the evolvement of the subjective presence experience. Our results underline the importance of the DLPFC for the presence experience in VR.
Integrity monitoring for precise orbit determination of LEO satellites
Authors: Wang Kan , El-Mowafy Ahmed , Rizos Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to an increasing requirement for high accuracy orbital information for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, precise orbit determination (POD) of LEO satellites is a topic of growing interest. To assure the safety and reliability of the applications requiring high accuracy LEO orbits in near-real-time, integrity monitoring (IM) is an essential operation of the POD process. In this contribution, the IM strategy for LEO POD in both the kinematic and reduced-dynamic modes is investigated. The overbounding parameters of the signal-in-space range error are investigated for the GPS products provided by the International GNSS Service’s Real-Time Service and the Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration of Orbit and Clock Analysis service. Benefiting from the dynamic models used and the improved model strength, the test results based on the data of the LEO satellite GRACE FO-1 show that the average-case mean protection levels (PLs) can be reduced from about 3–4 m in the kinematic mode to about 1 m in the reduced-dynamic mode in the radial, along-track and cross-track directions. The overbounding mean values of the SISRE play the dominant role in the final PLs. In the reduced-dynamic mode and average-case projection, the IM availabilities reach above 99% in the radial, along-track and cross-track directions with the alert limit (AL) set to 2 m. The values are still above 98% with the AL set to 4 m, when the duty cycle of tracking is reduced to 40%, e.g., in the case of power limits for miniature satellites such as CubeSats.