bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery from Covid-19 critical illness: A secondary analysis of the ISARIC4C CCP-UK cohort study and the RECOVER trial
Authors: Pauley Ellen , Drake Thomas M , Griffith David M , Sigfrid Louise , Lone Nazir I , Harrison Ewen M , Baillie J Kenneth , Scott Janet T , Walsh Timothy S , Semple Malcolm G , Docherty Annemarie B ,   on behalf of the ISARIC4C and RECOVER Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of fatigue in survivors of Covid-19 versus non-Covid-19 critical illness, and to explore potential associations between baseline characteristics and worse recovery. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of two prospectively collected datasets. The population included was 92 patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with Covid-19, and 240 patients who received IMV with non-Covid-19 illness before the pandemic. Follow-up data were collected post-hospital discharge using self-reported questionnaires. The main outcome measures were self-reported fatigue severity and the prevalence of severe fatigue (severity >7/10) 3 and 12-months post-hospital discharge. Results: Covid-19 IMV-patients were significantly younger with less prior comorbidity, and more males, than pre-pandemic IMV-patients. At 3-months, the prevalence (38.9% [7/18] vs. 27.1% [51/188]) and severity (median 5.5/10 vs 5.0/10) of fatigue were similar between the Covid-19 and pre-pandemic populations, respectively. At 6-months, the prevalence (10.3% [3/29] vs. 32.5% [54/166]) and severity (median 2.0/10 vs. 5.7/10) of fatigue were less in the Covid-19 cohort. In the total sample of IMV-patients included (i.e. all Covid-19 and pre-pandemic patients), having Covid-19 was significantly associated with less severe fatigue (severity <7/10) after adjusting for age, sex and prior comorbidity (adjusted OR 0.35 (95%CI 0.15–0.76, p=0.01). Conclusion: Fatigue may be less severe after Covid-19 than after other critical illness.
Hallux Valgus Deformities: Preferred Surgical Repair Techniques and All-Cause Revision Rates
Authors: Thier Zachary T. , Seymour Zachary , Gonzalez Tyler A. , Jackson J. Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Hallux valgus is a commonly treated condition by foot and ankle surgeons with more than 200 different described correction techniques. Recurrence rates range from 5% to 50%, with increasing support of the theory that arthrodesis procedures may have a lower recurrence rate than osteotomies. Arthrodesis procedures to the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint or tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint for correction of hallux valgus deformity are becoming more commonly utilized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the surgical incidence and revision rates of hallux valgus deformities corrected by arthrodesis compared to osteotomy in the state of South Carolina. Methods The South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office was queried from 2000 to 2017 to identify all surgically treated hallux valgus deformities. Data extraction included patient demographics, ICD-9 diagnoses, CPT procedure codes, and dates of surgery. A logistic regression model was used for statistical inference. Results A total of 22 199 feet had surgical treatment for hallux valgus during this time period, with 20 422 (92.0%), 592 (2.7%), and 1185(5.3%) receiving an osteotomy, arthrodesis, or other procedure at initial treatment, respectively. There was an all-cause revision rate of 5.6% in the osteotomy group and 6.4% in the arthrodesis group. Demographic factors such as female sex, white race, and surgery pre-2010 were associated with higher revision rates. Multiple comorbidities were correlated with higher revision rates such as tobacco use, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis, recurrent dislocations, hallux rigidus, lesser toe deformities, metatarsus varus, and talipes cavus. Conclusion Despite the recent increase in arthrodesis procedures for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, our results suggest that osteotomy procedures are more commonly performed and there is no difference in all-cause revision surgery. However, there are multiple patient demographics and comorbidities that are associated with higher rates of revision surgery and should be considered and discussed during the preoperative planning period. Level of Evidence: Level IV
Association Between Spikes in External Training Load and Shoulder Injuries in Competitive Adolescent Tennis Players: The SMASH Cohort Study
Authors: Johansson Fredrik , Cools Ann , Gabbett Tim , Fernandez-Fernandez Jaime , Skillgate Eva 
Published: October 2021

Background: Few studies have examined the association between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and complaints/injuries in young tennis players. Primary aims of this study were to investigate if accumulated external workload “spikes” in ACWR of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and to see if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with the rate of shoulder complaints/injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of complaints/injuries stratified by sex and level of play and to describe shoulder injury characteristics. Hypothesis: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of shoulder complaints and injuries. Study Design: A cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: At baseline, 301 adolescent competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, were screened and followed weekly for 52 weeks with questionnaires, in the years 2018 to 2019. Information about time-varying accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and workload/age ratio, in 252 uninjured players were used in Cox regression analyses with the outcomes shoulder complaints (≥20) and injuries (≥40) (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire). Results: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.40) for a shoulder complaint and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39) for a shoulder injury. The HRR for fitness training was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20) for a shoulder complaint and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.09-1.27) for a shoulder injury. Workload/age ratio was not associated with the rate of shoulder complaints or injuries. Conclusion: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of shoulder complaints and shoulder injuries in competitive adolescent tennis players. Clinical Relevance: Consistency in training load on a weekly basis is most likely more beneficial for adolescent tennis players regarding shoulder complaints/injuries than a training schedule comprising rapid increases (ie, spikes) in workload.
Prevalence of evidence of inconsistency and its association with network structural characteristics in 201 published networks of interventions
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Tsokani Sofia , White Ian R. , Schwarzer Guido , Rücker Gerta , Mavridis Dimitris , Higgins Julian P. T. , Salanti Georgia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Network meta-analysis (NMA) has attracted growing interest in evidence-based medicine. Consistency between different sources of evidence is fundamental to the reliability of the NMA results. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of evidence of inconsistency and describe its association with different NMA characteristics.

Methods
We updated our collection of NMAs with articles published up to July 2018. We included networks with randomised clinical trials, at least four treatment nodes, at least one closed loop, a dichotomous primary outcome, and available arm-level data. We assessed consistency using the design-by-treatment interaction (DBT) model and testing all the inconsistency parameters globally through the Wald-type chi-squared test statistic. We estimated the prevalence of evidence of inconsistency and its association with different network characteristics (e.g., number of studies, interventions, intervention comparisons, loops). We evaluated the influence of the network characteristics on the DBT p-value via a multivariable regression analysis and the estimated Pearson correlation coefficients. We also evaluated heterogeneity in NMA (consistency) and DBT (inconsistency) random-effects models.

Results
We included 201 published NMAs. The p-value of the design-by-treatment interaction (DBT) model was lower than 0.05 in 14% of the networks and lower than 0.10 in 20% of the networks. Networks including many studies and comparing few interventions were more likely to have small DBT p-values (less than 0.10), which is probably because they yielded more precise estimates and power to detect differences between designs was higher. In the presence of inconsistency (DBT p-value lower than 0.10), the consistency model displayed higher heterogeneity than the DBT model.

Conclusions
Our findings show that inconsistency was more frequent than what would be expected by chance, suggesting that researchers should devote more resources to exploring how to mitigate inconsistency. The results of this study highlight the need to develop strategies to detect inconsistency (because of the relatively high prevalence of evidence of inconsistency in published networks), and particularly in cases where the existing tests have low power.
Using improved Swarm’s experimental absolute vector mode data to produce a candidate Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field (DGRF) 2015.0 model
Authors: Vigneron Pierre , Hulot Gauthier , Léger Jean-Michel , Jager Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe describe the way a global model of the geomagnetic field has been built using vector field data acquired by the absolute scalar magnetometers (ASM) running in vector mode on board the Alpha and Bravo satellites of the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm mission. This model has been used as a parent model to build a candidate Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field (DGRF) 2015.0 model to meet the call issued in the context of the recent update of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF thirteenth generation). Because small but systematic issues were identified in a previous candidate IGRF 2015.0 model built in the same spirit (also only relying on ASM vector field data) in the context of the previous IGRF update (IGRF twelfth generation), we now also use improved ASM vector field (ASM-V) data. The issue originally affecting the ASM-V data is described, together with the way the improved data are now being produced. The resulting candidate DGRF 2015.0 model is shown to considerably improve on the previous candidate IGRF 2015.0 model (being closer to the final DGRF 2015.0 model by one order of magnitude in spherical harmonic spectral terms). It is also shown to stand among the candidate models closest to the final official DGRF 2015.0 model. Being the only candidate DGRF 2015.0 model entirely and only relying on such ASM-V data, it demonstrates the value of the new ASM-V data for such global geomagnetic field modeling purposes.
Morc2ap.S87L mutant mice develop peripheral and central neuropathies associated with neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis
Authors: Lee Geon Seong , Kwak Geon , Bae Ji Hyun , Han Jeong Pil , Nam Soo Hyun , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Song Sumin , Kim Gap-Don , Park Tae Sub , Choi Yang Kyu , Choi Byung-Ok , Yeom Su Cheong 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe microrchidia (MORC)-family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene is related to DNA repair, adipogenesis and epigenetic silencing via the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex. MORC2 missense mutation is known to cause peripheral neuropathy of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 Z (CMT2Z). However, there have been reports of peripheral and central neuropathy in patients, and the disease has been co-categorized with developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN). The etiology of MORC2 mutation-mediated neuropathy remains uncertain. Here, we established and analyzed Morc2a p.S87L mutant mice. Morc2a p.S87L mice displayed the clinical symptoms expected in human CMT2Z patients, such as axonal neuropathy and skeletal muscle weakness. Notably, we observed severe central neuropathy with cerebella ataxia, cognition disorder and motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord, and this seemed to be evidence of DIGFAN. Morc2a p.S87L mice exhibited an accumulation of DNA damage in neuronal cells, followed by p53/cytochrome c/caspase 9/caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. This study presents a new mouse model of CMT2Z and DIGFAN with a Morc2a p.S87L mutation. We suggest that neuronal apoptosis is a possible target for therapeutic approach in MORC2 missense mutation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Eccentric Overload during Resistance Exercise: A Stimulus for Enhanced Satellite Cell Activation
Authors: WEHRSTEIN MICHAELA , SCHÖFFEL AXEL , WEIBERG NADINE , GWECHENBERGER THOMAS , BETZ THERESA , RITTWEG MAREIKE , PARSTORFER MARIO , PILZ MAXIMILIAN , FRIEDMANN-BETTE BIRGIT 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Satellite cells (SC) are of importance for muscular adaptation to various forms of exercise. A single bout of high-force eccentric exercise has been shown to induce SC activation and, for electrically stimulated exercise, SC differentiation.

Purpose
This study aimed to assess if one bout of concentric/eccentric exercise with damaging eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) provides a sufficient stimulus to induce SC activation, proliferation, and differentiation.

Methods
Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of recreationally active men were obtained in the rested condition and again from the contralateral leg 7 d after exhaustive concentric/eccentric (CON/ECC) (n = 15) or CON/ECC+ (n = 15) leg extension exercise and in a nonexercising control group (CG) (n = 10). Total SC number (Pax7+), activated (Pax7+/MyoD+), and differentiating (myogenin+) SCs, fiber type distribution, and myofibers expressing neonatal myosin heavy chain (MHCneo) were determined immunohistochemically. Creatine kinase and myoglobin were measured in venous blood. Isokinetic strength tests were repeatedly conducted.

Results
Significant increases in creatine kinase and myoglobin (P = 0.001) indicated myofiber damage, whereas maximal strength was not impaired. Only after CON/ECC+, SC content (P = 0.019) and SC related to type II fibers (P = 0.011) were significantly increased. A significant increase in the proportion of activated SCs occurred after CON/ECC+ only (P = 0.003), the increase being significantly (P < 0.05) different from the changes after CON/ECC and in CG. The number of differentiating SC and MHCneo remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Eccentric overload during leg extension exercise induced significant SC activation, increases in SC content and in SC number related to type II myofibers. However, there were no signs of increased SC differentiation or formation of new myofibers.
Cookies rich in iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and antioxidants: a novel functional food potential for adolescent with anemia
Authors: Bolang Alexander Sam Leonard , Rizal Mochammad , Nurkolis Fahrul , Mayulu Nelly , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Radu Son , Samtiya Mrinal , Assa Youla Annatje , Herlambang Hendra Agung , Pondagitan Alpinia Shinta , Vivo Christopherous Diva 
Published: October 2021

Background: This study aims to process porang flour, moringa leaves, and tempe into cookies that are high in iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and antioxidants as potential functional food snacks for adolescents with anemia. Methods: This study is experimental with a completely randomized trial design (CRD) with three treatments and triplicates. There are three comparison formulations of a combination of porang, moringa leaves, and black soybean-based tempe; respectively F1 (3:3:3)%, F2 (3:6:6)%, and F3 (3:10:10)%. The cookie sample was then analyzed for water content, ash, iron, folic acid, cobalt, and antioxidant activity. The differences between the samples were analyzed based on the activity of antioxidants, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in data obtained from triplicates using multivariate ANOVA analysis. Results: The results of the ash and water content tests of all three cookie formulations showed values in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cookie products. F3 has significantly higher iron, folic acid, and cobalt levels than F1 and F2 (p<0.05). Antioxidant activity is highest in F3, but there is no meaningful difference between F2 and F3 (p>0.05). Conclusions: The combination of porang's tubers, moringa leaves, and tempe made from black soybeans, especially F3, has the potential to be used as a functional cookie processed product source of iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin, and antioxidants for adolescent anemia.
Out-of-plane displacement measurement for an optical fiber image transmission element using optical flow
Authors: Zhao Ran , Jiao Peng , Liu Bo , Sun Ping , Tang Yuxin , Jia Jinsheng 
Published: October 2021

To realize the industrial in-situ deformation detection of an optical fiber image transmission element, a method for out-of-plane displacement detection based on the combination of optical flow and an image spherizing algorithm is presented. After capturing the 2D deformation images, the out-of-plane displacement can be extracted from the in-plane displacement estimated by the optical flow method, which means that the out-of-plane displacement information contained in a 2D image is fully used. The principle of the Brox optical flow method is introduced and the accuracy of the method is proven by comparing test results with the digital image correlation method. Experimental results show that the relative errors and the absolute errors of the measurement are less than 2% and 0.1 µm. Because the optical flow algorithm introduces a time parameter and the smoothness assumption, the new method is more appropriate for dynamic and microscale out-of-plane displacement measurement. Unlike conventional methods, it does not need phase unwrapping or frequency domain conversion during detection and has many attractive characteristics such as nondestructive testing, a simple arrangement, and low errors. This method has been applied to the industrial in-situ monitoring of an optical fiber image transmission element.
Assisted Reproductive Technology in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Laube Robyn , Tran Yvonne , Paramsothy Sudarshan , Leong Rupert W. 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Infertility may occur in women with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), especially after surgery such as ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be an option, but the safety and efficacy in this setting has been based on small cohorts to date. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this data gap.

METHODS:
A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis was performed until May 2020. The primary outcomes were pregnancy and live birth rates per cycle of ART.

RESULTS:
Eleven studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 4 for the meta-analysis. Compared with the general population, women with CD (with and without previous surgery) had no difference in pregnancy rates (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–1.05) but had reduced live births (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.85) per cycle of ART. ART live birth rates are not reduced in women with medically managed CD; however, they are 49%–71% lower after CD-related surgery. Women with UC had no difference in both pregnancy rates (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.63–1.55) and live birth rates (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.67–1.17); however, live birth rates were reduced after IPAA failure (hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.92). Two studies did not identify any significant safety signals.

DISCUSSION:
ART is safe and effective in patients with UC and medically managed CD, with pregnancy and live birth rates similar to that of the general population. However, within the limitations of the available literature, current data suggest that efficacy is reduced in women with CD-related surgery and IPAA failure. Greater gastroenterologist awareness of ART is needed to facilitate timely fertility therapy referral when indicated, particularly in CD.
Variants in nucleocapsid protein and endoRNase are found to associate with severe COVID-19 in a case-control study in Washington State, USA
Authors: Zhao Lue Ping , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Jerome Keith , Gilbert Peter , Schiffer Joshua , Lybrand Terry , Payne Thomas , Randhawa April K , Thiebaud Sara E , Mills Margaret , Greninger Alexander , Pyo Chul-Woo , Wang Ruihan , Li Renyu , Thomas Alexander S , Norris Brandon M , Nelson Wyatt C , Geraghty Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide with continuously evolving variants, some of which occur in the Spike protein and appear to increase the viral transmissibility. However, variants that cause severe COVID-19 or lead to other breakthroughs have not been well characterized. To discover such viral variants, we assembled a cohort of 683 COVID-19 patients; 388 inpatients (“cases”) and 295 outpatients (“controls”) from April to August 2020 using electronically captured COVID test request forms and sequenced their viral genomes. To improve the analytic power, we accessed 7,137 viral sequences in Washington State to filter out viral single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that did not have significant expansions over the collection period. Applying this filter led to the identification of 53 SNVs that were statistically significant, of which 13 SNVs each had 3 or more variant copies in the discovery cohort. Correlating these selected SNVs with case/control status, eight SNVs were found to significantly associate with inpatient status (q-values<0.01). Using temporal synchrony, we identified a four SNV-haplotype (t19839-g28881-g28882-g28883) which was significantly associated with case/control status (Fisher’s exact p=2.84*10−11) that appeared in April 2020, peaked in June, and persisted into January 2021. This association was replicated (OR=5.46, p-value=4.71*10−12) in an independent cohort of 964 COVID-19 patients (June 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021). The haplotype included a synonymous change N73N in endoRNase, and three non-synonymous changes coding residues R203K, R203S and G204R in the nucleocapsid protein. This discovery points to the potential functional role of the nucleocapsid protein in triggering “cytokine storms” and severe COVID-19 that led to hospitalization. The study further emphasizes a need for tracking and analyzing viral sequences in correlations with clinical status.