bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUTION OF MOTION STUDY TO STANDARD TIME AT BALL TEA STATION (CASE STUDY PT. MITRA KERINCI, SOUTH SOLOK)
Authors: Prayoga Aldino Rizki , Zuki Meizul , Dany Yusril 
Published: December 2021

PT Mitra Kerinci is a company established in West Sumatra Province which is engaged in tea plantations and tea processing in its factories. PT Mitra Kerinci produces an average of 7,000 kg or 7 tons of green tea shoots per day. The production process for processing tea shoots, the factory sometimes does not reach the production target in accordance with the production target of the company. The goal of research to determine the amount of the contribution of the motion study to the standard time and determine the amount of the contribution of the standard time to the increase in productivity in the final drying process at Ball Tea station, the production of tea shoots at PT. Kerinci Partners. This research an experimental research type and uses the same subject research design (treatment by subject design), namely the treatment is imposed on the same subject. The results of time calculations after the motion study on the process flow map reached 15,676.02 seconds. Then proceed with the calculation of the cycle time which reaches 825.41 seconds with the actual standard deviation obtained at 3.58 and the standard deviation of the subgroup distribution is 1.79. After knowing the results of the average cycle time, the actual standard deviation and the standard deviation of the subgroup distribution, the data uniformity test was continued, starting with calculating the BKA and BKB. The BKA calculation results obtained 830.78 and the BKB reached 820.04. So that in the data uniformity test the results reached 0.908. In the series of movements of the left and right hands after the repair, a cycle time of 825.41 seconds / unit of Ball Tea was obtained from the previous time, reaching 906.66 units / Ball Tea and getting a time difference of 81.25 seconds. In the calculation of the standard time, the normal time calculation is carried out first, after it is known that the result of the adjustment calculation reaches 1.12 so that the normal time is obtained with a total of 924.45 seconds. Continue to calculate the standard time and the results reach 1423.65 seconds with an allowance of 54%. This contributed to an increase in productivity by 5.7%.
Trans abdominal Ultrasonography in Acute Pancreatitis: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gyawali Merina , Shrestha Ashish , Sharma Prakash , Shrestha Binod Bade , Bhattarai Subash 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of acute pain abdomen. Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen is the imaging method of choice in acute pancreatitis. Ultrasonography can be used as the first, easily available imaging modality for the assessment of the pancreas. This study aims to study the transabdominal USG findings in patients with acute pancreatitis. It will also compare USG findings with CT findings in acute pancreatitis.
METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional, prospective study comprising of consecutive 55 patients with acute pancreatitis was conducted over a study period of 15 months. Trans abdominal USG findings and CECT abdominal findings in acute pancreatitis were studied and compared. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: Pancreas was visualized by USG in only 69%. Ultrasonography had some pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic findings in patients with acute pancreatitis in 84.2% of patients in whom the pancreas was visualized, whereas, it was 98.2% by CECT abdomen. USG was unable to demonstrate findings in 75% of patients with mild acute pancreatitis.
CONCLUSION: Transabdominal ultrasonography detection of pancreatitis was inferior to the CECT. It had a limited role in detecting mild acute pancreatic cases. Nonetheless, detection of etiological factor such as gallstones, and assessment of extra pancreatic fluid collection like ascites and pleural effusion were better visualised with ultrasound. USG is readily available, cheap, noninvasive, and can be utilized as an initial diagnostic tool for acute pancreatitis and ruling out other causes of acute abdomen.
Ofiarność duchowieństwa i składki kościelne (parafialne) na rzecz związku Caritas diecezji tarnowskiej w latach 1939-1945
Authors: Gapys Jerzy 
Published: December 2021

Po początkowej destabilizacji akcji ofiarności Kościoła w diecezji tarnowskiej (subwencje kurii, osobiste datki księży i ofiary wiernych z parafii) na rzecz Caritas (głównie centrali) od 1942 r. obserwuje się wyraźny wzrost datków na tarnowską Caritas. Najszersze rozmiary przybrała akcja ofiar parafialnych (gotówka, naturalia) na centralę Caritas. W latach 1942-1944 na cele społeczne gotówkę i naturalia przekazywało ok. 30 parafii (ok. 30%), które znajdowały się na terenie 15 dekanatów (52%). Ogółem przekazano 351 445 zł, głównie z parafii w środkowym i zachodnim pasie diecezji tarnowskiej. Ofiarność du­chownych z osobistych dochodów (iura stolae) kulminację osiągnęła w 1944 r., kiedy to ponad 480 księży (wobec 88 w 1940 r.) przekazało Caritasowi ponad 320 tys. zł. Wsparcie finansowe i rzeczowe, jak i datki wiernych na rzecz oddziałów parafialnych Caritas nie przybrały charakteru powszechnego, obserwowano raczej odosobnione przypadki na terenie diecezji tarnowskiej. Lokalnie jednak środki te były podstawą budżetu oddziałów, stanowiąc niekiedy nawet ¾ jego dochodów. Subwencje kurii tarnowskiej, dzięki polityce finansowej bp Komara, stanowiły najpoważniejszą pozycję w budżecie Caritas. Do 1944 r. kuria przekazała 2 472 000 zł. Było to prawie 60% ogółu przychodów Związku, ponad 78% zaś wszystkich ofiar ze strony Kościoła na stowarzyszenie.
Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Hydraulic Loss of Two-Stage Flap Valves
Authors: Zhou Bingnan , Lu Weigang , Xu Bo , Chen Hua 
Published: December 2021

As a type of flap valve evolved from integral flap valve, two-stage flap valve has the advantages of large opening angle, small hydraulic loss and small impact force on the flap valve seat when the flap valve is closed. In order to analyze and study the hydraulic loss characteristics of the two-stage flap valve, this paper takes a pump station as an example. Based on theoretical analysis, combined with numerical simulation and model test, the hydraulic loss of two-stage flap valve is studied, and the relationship between hydraulic loss and pump station flow is obtained. According to the test results, the hydraulic loss of two-stage flap valve increases with the increase of flow rate under the same opening angle of flap valve. Under the same flow condition, the larger the opening angle of the flap valve is, the smaller the hydraulic loss of the two-stage flap valve is. When the opening angle of the upper flap valve is greater than 46° and the opening angle of the lower flap valve is greater than 64°, the hydraulic loss is less than 70mm and tends to be stable. The influence of hydraulic loss on the performance of pump device is gradually weakened. The relationship between hydraulic loss and flow of two-stage flap valve no longer satisfies the relationship of square under the constant opening angle. Moreover, the larger the opening angle of the two-stage flap valve is, the greater the relationship between hydraulic loss and flow is. Compared with the integral flap valve, the two-stage flap valve has better structural form and hydraulic characteristics, and has little influence on the performance of the pump device, which can provide reference for the application of the two-stage flap valve in the pump station.
Determination of arsenic, cadmium, selenium, zinc and other trace elements in Bangladeshi fish and arsenic speciation study of Hilsa fish flesh and eggs: Implications for dietary intake
Authors: Al-Rmalli Shaban W. , Jenkins Richard O. , Watts Michael J. , Haris Parvez I. 
Published: December 2021

Exposure to As from drinking water and its impact on the health of the Bangladeshi population has received much attention. However, very little information is available regarding As exposure through consumption of fish, which is the main source of animal protein for the majority of Bangladeshis. In this study, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn Se and Zn in different types of fish, consumed by Bangladeshis, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Daily intakes of the toxic elements As, Cd and Pb through fish consumption were estimated to be 31.8, 0.4 and 4.8 μg/day, respectively. Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) contained the highest concentrations of total As (mean ± SD was 2.55 ± 1.3 mg/kg; n = 15) among the fish analysed. However, toxic inorganic As species were not detected. The dominant As species in Hilsa fish were: dimethylarsenic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenosugars, at 69, 11 and 20% of total As, respectively. The high concentration of Cd detected in Hilsa eggs (average 278 ± 518 μg/kg; range 7.4–1725 μg/kg; n = 10) is of concern since this may have harmful effects on the development of embryos and lead to a decline in the Hilsa population or the quality of the fish. It can also be harmful to those who consume Hilsa eggs on a regular basis. Selenium was found to be highest in Shoal (Micropterus cataractae) fish and a type of small fish, and lowest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Small fish species contained Mn and Zn at 7.1- and 4.3-fold higher concentrations, respectively, compared to big fish species. Keski (Corica soborna), a small fish species, contained by far the highest concentrations of Mn (52 mg/kg) and Zn (140 mg/kg), although the concentration of As (1.4 mg/kg) in this fish was lower than that of several other fish species. Small fish species are often consumed whole, including the bones, and therefore the essential trace elements present are potentially bioavailable for cellular metabolism. Our study shows that the Bangladeshi population can easily meet their daily requirement of Se and Zn from consumption of fish such as Shoal fish (Se and Zn), Hilsa fish (Se and Zn) and Keski fish (Se and Zn). Consumption of small fish (such as Keski) and big fish (such as Hilsa) from Bangladesh can provide valuable sources of essential trace elements as part of a balanced diet and thus negate the need for supplements and biofortification of certain foods. Ours is a small study and a detailed total dietary intake and human biomonitoring studies, that includes coverage of different socio-economic groups, are needed in Bangladesh before giving people supplements or biofortified foods.
Philogenetic Analysis of S. Scabiei Var. Hominis, Var. Cuniculi, and Var. Marmoota
Authors: Prasasty Gita Dwi , Miftahurrizqiyah  , Dalilah  , Dwi Handayani  , Tia Sabrina  , Ahmad Ghiffari  , Inda Astri Aryani  
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Based on data from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, it is known that Indonesia is the country with the highest number of scabies incidences out of 195 countries in the world. In addition to humans, scabies is also an infectious disease in mammals with a prevalence of 300 million infestations every year, even in animals the mortality rate from scabies is very high. Until now, it is still unclear whether there is a cross-infestation between human and animal scabies. Morphologically, S. scabiei between variants cannot be distinguished, while research on genetic variation is still not much done. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies to enrich genetic information and phylogenetic analysis.
Methods: The samples tested were positive PCR results for ITS 2 and CO 1 genes, each on five amplicons, namely three S. scabiei var. hominis, one var. cuniculi, and one var. marmoota. Phylogenetics were arranged based on the closeness of the base arrangement in variants and geographically available in NCBI.
Results: Of the five sample isolates studied, the ITS 2 gene amplicon is located in the 417bp band and the phylogenetic analysis of its sequencing has two branches that are unable to distinguish var. hominis and var. animalia. The CO1 gene has electrophoretic results at 317 bp as well as phylogenetic analysis results that specifically divide branches between var. hominis and var. animalia.
Conclusion: S. scabiei var. hominis and var. marmoota, and var. cuniculi are distinct species and are host monospecific.
Comparison of Recurrence Rates in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer after Mastectomy and Received Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy with Steroids and Nonsteroids
Authors: Yante I Ketut , Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati  , Iskandar Ali  
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Breast cancer is a problem that is still faced throughout the world. The incidence of cancer in Indonesia is at number 8 in Southeast Asia. The incidence of breast cancer in women is 42.1 per 100,000 population. Aromatase inhibitors are hormonal therapy used in postmenopausal breast cancer with positive ER and/or positive PR. The third generation aromatase inhibitors are divided into 2 categories, namely non-steroidal agents that are reversible and steroid agents that are irreversible. Based on existing studies, there are no consistent research results regarding the incidence of recurrence after aromatase inhibitor therapy, both steroids and non-steroidal.
Methods. This study is an analytical observational study with a retrospective cross-sectional design using secondary data from medical records. The research was carried out at the Surgical Clinic of RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya on October 1, 2020 until the end with the subject of LABC patients at POSA Surgery RSUD Dr. Soetomo who has undergone mastectomy and radiotherapy and has received adjuvant hormonal aromatase inhibitor therapy for 2 years from January 2018 to January 2020.
Results. In the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor group, 18 subjects (60%) experienced recurrence and 16 subjects in the steroid aromatase inhibitor group (32%) with an OR of 0.314 (0.12-0.81; p=0.014. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, it was found that the increased risk of recurrence was significantly affected only by the administration of aromatase inhibitor p= 0.052
Conclusion. Women with locally advanced breast cancer after mastectomy who received aromatase inhibitor steroid therapy had a 0.314 times lower risk of recurrence than those who received non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy.
Kajian Risiko Bencana Berdasarkan Jumlah Kejadian dan Dampak Bencana di Indonesia Periode Tahun 2010 – 2020
Authors: Azizah Mir'atul , Khoirudin Apriadi Rio , Tri Januarti Riskina , Winugroho Tri , Yulianto Sugeng , Kurniawan Wahyu , Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana I 
Published: December 2021

“Ring of fire” yang mengelilingi wilayah Indonesia, bonus demografi dan beberapa faktor lainnya membuat Indonesia menjadi wilayah yang rawan terhadap bencana. Hal tersebut seperti yang terekam pada DIBI pada periode tahun 2010 – 2020 terdapat 24.969 kejadian bencana. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian risiko bahaya bencana berdasarkan jumlah kejadian dan dampak bencana di Indonesia pada periode tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sendiri adalah untuk menilai risiko bahaya akibat bencana yang terjadi dan kedepannya bisa dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran serta acuan dalam mitigasi, pencegahan, kesiagaan, kesiapsiagaan bencana di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif berdasarkan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana yang paling berisiko tinggi adalah banjir. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan data yang terekam oleh Data dan Informasi Bencana Indonesia (DIBI) frekuensi kejadian banjir merupakan bencana yang paling sering terjadi di Indonesia. Dan wilayah Indonesia yang mempunyai risiko bahaya paling tinggi terhadap bencana adalah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah semua Provinsi di Indonesia mempunyai risiko bahaya terhadap bencana. Sehingga perlu adanya perhatian lebih terhadap mitigasi, pencegahan, kesiagaan dan kesiapsiagaan sesuai dengan tingkat risiko khususnya bencana banjir dan Jawa Barat. Bencana banjir merupakan bencana yang mempunyai risiko paling tinggi dan Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah yang mempunyai risiko bahaya paling tinggi terhadap bencana.
m6A Regulators in Human Adipose Tissue - Depot-Specificity and Correlation With Obesity
Authors: Rønningen Torunn , Dahl Mai Britt , Valderhaug Tone Gretland , Cayir Akin , Keller Maria , Tönjes Anke , Blüher Matthias , Böttcher Yvonne 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant post-transcriptional modifications on mRNA influencing mRNA metabolism. There is emerging evidence for its implication in metabolic disease. No comprehensive analyses on gene expression of m6A regulators in human adipose tissue, especially in paired adipose tissue depots, and its correlation with clinical variables were reported so far. We hypothesized that inter-depot specific gene expression of m6A regulators may differentially correlate with clinical variables related to obesity and fat distribution.MethodsWe extracted intra-individually paired gene expression data (omental visceral adipose tissue (OVAT) N=48; subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) N=56) of m6A regulators from an existing microarray dataset. We also measured gene expression in another sample set of paired OVAT and SAT (N=46) using RT-qPCR. Finally, we extracted existing gene expression data from peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in METTL3 and YTHDF3 from genome wide data from the Sorbs population (N=1049). The data were analysed for differential gene expression between OVAT and SAT; and for association with obesity and clinical variables. We further tested for association of SNP markers with gene expression and clinical traits.ResultsIn adipose tissue we observed that several m6A regulators (WTAP, VIRMA, YTHDC1 and ALKBH5) correlate with obesity and clinical variables. Moreover, we found adipose tissue depot specific gene expression for METTL3, WTAP, VIRMA, FTO and YTHDC1. In PBMCs, we identified ALKBH5 and YTHDF3 correlated with obesity. Genetic markers in METTL3 associate with BMI whilst SNPs in YTHDF3 are associated with its gene expression.ConclusionsOur data show that expression of m6A regulators correlates with obesity, is adipose tissue depot-specific and related to clinical traits. Genetic variation in m6A regulators adds an additional layer of variability to the functional consequences.
High Fasting Blood Glucose Level With Unknown Prior History of Diabetes Is Associated With High Risk of Severe Adverse COVID-19 Outcome
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Chai Zhonglin , Cooper Mark E. , Zimmet Paul Z. , Guo Hua , Ding Junyu , Yang Feifei , Chen Xu , Lin Xixiang , Zhang Kai , Zhong Qin , Li Zongren , Zhang Peifang , Wu Zhenzhou , Guan Xizhou , Zhang Lei , He Kunlun 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to understand how glycaemic levels among COVID-19 patients impact their disease progression and clinical complications.MethodsWe enrolled 2,366 COVID-19 patients from Huoshenshan hospital in Wuhan. We stratified the COVID-19 patients into four subgroups by current fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and their awareness of prior diabetic status, including patients with FBG&lt;6.1mmol/L with no history of diabetes (group 1), patients with FBG&lt;6.1mmol/L with a history of diabetes diagnosed (group 2), patients with FBG≥6.1mmol/L with no history of diabetes (group 3) and patients with FBG≥6.1mmol/L with a history of diabetes diagnosed (group 4). A multivariate cause-specific Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the associations between FBG levels or prior diabetic status and clinical adversities in COVID-19 patients.ResultsCOVID-19 patients with higher FBG and unknown diabetes in the past (group 3) are more likely to progress to the severe or critical stage than patients in other groups (severe: 38.46% vs 23.46%-30.70%; critical 7.69% vs 0.61%-3.96%). These patients also have the highest abnormal level of inflammatory parameters, complications, and clinical adversities among all four groups (all p&lt;0.05). On day 21 of hospitalisation, group 3 had a significantly higher risk of ICU admission [14.1% (9.6%-18.6%)] than group 4 [7.0% (3.7%-10.3%)], group 2 [4.0% (0.2%-7.8%)] and group 1 [2.1% (1.4%-2.8%)], (P&lt;0.001). Compared with group 1 who had low FBG, group 3 demonstrated 5 times higher risk of ICU admission events during hospitalisation (HR=5.38, 3.46-8.35, P&lt;0.001), while group 4, where the patients had high FBG and prior diabetes diagnosed, also showed a significantly higher risk (HR=1.99, 1.12-3.52, P=0.019), but to a much lesser extent than in group 3.ConclusionOur study shows that COVID-19 patients with current high FBG levels but unaware of pre-existing diabetes, or possibly new onset diabetes as a result of COVID-19 infection, have a higher risk of more severe adverse outcomes than those aware of prior diagnosis of diabetes and those with low current FBG levels.
Imiquimod Boosts Interferon Response, and Decreases ACE2 and Pro-Inflammatory Response of Human Bronchial Epithelium in Asthma
Authors: Nieto-Fontarigo Juan José , Tillgren Sofia , Cerps Samuel , Sverrild Asger , Hvidtfeldt Morten , Ramu Sangeetha , Menzel Mandy , Sander Adam Frederik , Porsbjerg Celeste , Uller Lena 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundBoth anti-viral and anti-inflammatory bronchial effects are warranted to treat viral infections in asthma. We sought to investigate if imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, exhibits such dual actions in ex vivo cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), targets for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.ObjectiveTo investigate bronchial epithelial effects of imiquimod of potential importance for anti-viral treatment in asthmatic patients.MethodsEffects of imiquimod alone were examined in HBECs from healthy (N=4) and asthmatic (N=18) donors. Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection, HBECs were stimulated with poly(I:C), a dsRNA analogue, or SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein 1 (SP1; receptor binding) with and without imiquimod treatment. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines were analyzed by RT-qPCR, multiplex ELISA, western blot, and Nanostring and proteomic analyses.ResultsImiquimod reduced ACE2 expression at baseline and after poly(I:C) stimulation. Imiquimod also reduced poly(I:C)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-33. Furthermore, imiquimod increased IFN-β expression, an effect potentiated in presence of poly(I:C) or SP1. Multiplex mRNA analysis verified enrichment in type-I IFN signaling concomitant with suppression of cytokine signaling pathways induced by imiquimod in presence of poly(I:C). Exploratory proteomic analyses revealed potentially protective effects of imiquimod on infections.ConclusionImiquimod triggers viral resistance mechanisms in HBECs by decreasing ACE2 and increasing IFN-β expression. Additionally, imiquimod improves viral infection tolerance by reducing viral stimulus-induced epithelial cytokines involved in severe COVID-19 infection. Our imiquimod data highlight feasibility of producing pluripotent drugs potentially suited for anti-viral treatment in asthmatic subjects.