bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simvastatin Retards Cartilage Degradation and Improves Subchondral Bone Microstructure in Osteoarthritis Mice Induced by High-fat Diet
Authors: Li Hetong , Gou Yu , Hu Yunpeng , Lian Qiangqiang , Tian Faming , Zhang Liu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on the metabolism of cartilage and subchondral bone in a mice model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by obesity. MethodsWe randomly assigned thirty C57BL/6J mice into 3 groups: the Control group received normal diet, the HFD group and HFD+S group received high-fat diet, HFD+S group were simultaneously treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. The pathology of OA was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry, micro-computed tomography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsHistomorphological analysis revealed that OA was significantly exacerbated by the HFD-induced obesity and markedly alleviated by the simvastatin intervention. In details, simvastatin ameliorated the abnormal metabolic status and cartilage lesions, significantly increased aggrecan and collagen-II expression and decreased the expression of MMP-13. Furthermore, the results of micro-computed tomography analysis revealed that the HFD+S group exhibited higher BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.N values but a lower Tb.Sp value than that of the HFD group. Serum COMP concentrations, the number of adipocytes in subchondral bone marrow and the number of osteoclasts on trabecular bone surface were significantly correlated with OARSI score. Conclusions﻿In conclusion, HFD-induced obesity aggravates articular degeneration and abnormal metabolic pathology in subchondral bone, which could be reversed by the intervention of simvastatin, suggesting that simvastatin may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OA.
Effects of Extreme High Temperatures on Proliferation, Cell Cycle, Cell Differentiation and ROS of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Gao Yuanhui , Cao Hui , Wang Shunlan , Zheng Linlin , He Haowei , Nie Zhenyu , Chen Mei , Jiang Rong , Huang Denggao , Zhang Shufang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Global warming has led to extreme temperatures in different latitudinal regions, resulting in the extinction of a large number of species. This study focuses on the effects of extreme high temperatures on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation and mitochondria activity in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs). Methods: hADSCs were divided into three groups and incubated in 37°C, 39°C and 40°C environment for 5 hours of exposure each day, and then to 37°C circumstances for further incubation. Cell surface markers, cell cycle, cell proliferation activity, mitochondrial activity and cell polarization were detected and analyzed by flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, ROS and JC-1 staining respectively on the 1 st and 3 rd day of cell culture; osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability of hASCs was analyzed by staining after 21 days of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation induction culture. Results The results of this study showed that hASCs grown under high temperature conditions had restricted growth activity, blocked S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, reduced cytokinesis and impaired mitochondrial activity, while their osteogenic differentiation ability and membrane potential depolarization were enhanced. Conclusions: hADSCs were subjected to high temperature stimulation with restricted growth activity, reduced cell division, impaired mitochondrial activity, significant cell depolarization and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, and these results were closely related to the pathogenic mechanisms of skin aging and heat stroke due to outdoor sun exposure.
A dry lunar mantle reservoir for young mare basalts of Chang’E-5
Authors: Hu Sen , He Huicun , Ji Jianglong , Lin Yangting , Hui Hejiu , Anand Mahesh , Tartese Romain , Yan Yihong , Hao Jialong , Li Ruiying , Gu Lixin , Guo Qian , He Huaiyu , Ouyang Zi-Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The distribution of water in the Moon’s interior carries key implications for the origin of the Moon1, the crystallisation of the lunar magma ocean2, and the duration of lunar volcanism2. The Chang’E-5 (CE5) mission returned the youngest mare basalt samples, dated at ca. 2.0 billion years ago3, from the northwestern Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), providing a probe into the spatio-temporal evolution of lunar water. Here we report the water abundance and hydrogen isotope composition of apatite and ilmenite-hosted melt inclusions from CE5 basalts, from which we derived a maximum water abundance of 370 ± 30 μg.g-1 and a δD value (-330 ± 160‰) for their parent magma. During eruption, hydrogen degassing led to an increase in the D/H ratio of the residual melts up to δD values of 300-900‰. Accounting for low degrees of mantle partial melting followed by extensive magma fractional crystallisation4, we estimate a maximum mantle water abundance of 2-6 μg.g-1, which are too low for water contents alone to account for generating the Moon’s youngest basalts. Such modest water abundances for the lunar mantle are at the lower end of those estimated from mare basalts that erupted from ca. 4.0-2.8 Ga5, 6, suggesting the mantle source of CE5 basalts dried up by ca. 2.0 Ga through previous melt extraction from the PKT mantle during prolonged volcanic activity.
Engineering surgical stitches to prevent bacterial infection
Authors: Vieira Daniela , Angel Samuel N , Honjol Yazan , Masse Maude , Gruenheid Samantha , Harvey Edward , Merle Geraldine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) account for a massive economic, temporal, physiological, and psychological burden on patients and health care providers. It has been shown that sutures provide a surface to which bacteria can adhere, proliferate, and promote SSIs. Current methods for fighting postoperative SSIs involve the use of sutures coated with common antibiotics such as chlorohexidine or triclosan. Unfortunately, these antibiotics have been rendered ineffective in many cases due to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance. A promising new avenue involves the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Metallic NPs have been shown to exhibit low cytotoxicity and a strong propensity for killing bacteria while evading the typical antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this work, we developed a novel metallic NPs dip-coating method for PDS-II sutures and explored the capabilities of a wide variety of metallic NPs coatings in killing bacteria while retaining the cytocompatibility of the suture. Our findings indicated that our non-toxic technique provided a homogeneous and well coating methodology for PDS-II sutures with a wide variety of metallic NP while maintaining the strength, structural integrity, and degradability of the suture. Excitingly, the metallic NP coatings possess strong in vitro antibacterial properties against P aeruginosa and S. aureus – varying the percentage of dead bacteria from ~ 40% (for MgO NPs) to ~ 95% (for Fe2O3) compared to ~ 15% for uncoated PDS-II suture, after 7 days. All sutures demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity (cell viability > 70%) reinforcing the movement towards the use metallic NPs as a viable antibacterial technology. PDS II sutures were successfully coated by an easy and non-toxic dip-coating method using a variety of metallic nanoparticles, proving to be a promising new avenue of research to fight surgical site infections.
Novel IBA57 Mutations in Two Chinese Patients and Literature Review of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Zhan Feixia , Liu Xiaoli , Ni Ruilong , Liu Tiaotiao , Cao Yuwen , Wu Jingying , Tian Wotu , Luan Xinghua , Cao Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS) refers to a class of mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear gene mutations, which usually begins in early infancy and is classically characterized by markedly impaired neurological development, generalized muscle weakness, lactic acidosis, and hyperglycinemia, cavitating leukoencephalopathy, respiratory failure, as well as early fatality resulted from dysfunction of energy metabolism in multiple systems. So far, six types of MMDS have been identified based on different genotypes, which are caused by mutations in NFU1, BOLA3, IBA57, ISCA2, ISCA1 and PMPCB, respectively. IBA57 encodes a protein involved in the mitochondrial Fe/S cluster assembly process, which plays a vital role in the activity of multiple mitochondrial enzymes. Herein, detailed clinical investigation of 2 Chinese patients from two unrelated families were described, both of them showed mildly delay in developmental milestone before disease onset, and the initial symptoms were all presented with acute motor and mental retrogression, and brain MRI showed diffused leukoencephalopathy with cavities, dysplasia of corpus callosum and cerebral atrophy. Exome sequencing revealed three IBA57 mutations, one shared variant (c.286T > C) has been previously reported, the remaining two (c.189delC and c.580A > G) are novel. To enhance the understanding of this rare disease, we further made a literature review about the current progress in clinical, genetic and treatment of the disorder. Due to the rapid progress of MMDS, early awareness is crucial to prompt and proper administration, as well as genetic counseling.
Predictors of The Chest CT Score in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yazdi Niloofar Ayoobi , ghadery Abdolkarim Haji , Seyedalinaghi SeyedAhmad , Jafari Fatemeh , Jafari Sirous , Hasannezad Malihe , Koochak Hamid Emadi , Salehi Mohammadreza , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Meidani Mohsen , Hajiabdolbaghi Mahboubeh , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Khalili Hossein , Mehrabinejad Mohammad-Mehdi , Abbasian Ladan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, pulmonary involvement was one of the most significant concerns in assessing patients. In the current study, we evaluated patient’s signs, symptoms, and laboratory data on the first visit to predict the severity of pulmonary involvement and their outcome regarding their initial findings.Methods: All referred patients to the CODID-19 clinic of a tertiary referral university hospital were evaluated from April to August 2020. Four hundred seventy-eight COVID-19 patients with positive real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or highly suggestive symptoms with computed tomography(CT) imaging results with typical findings of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. The clinical features, initial laboratory, CT findings, and short-term outcomes (ICU admission, mortality, length of hospitalization, and recovery time) were recorded. In addition, the severity of pulmonary involvement was assessed using a semi-quantitative scoring system (0-25). Results: Among 478 participants in this study, 353 (73.6%) were admitted to the hospital, and 57 (11.9%) patients were admitted to the ICU. Myalgia (60.3%), fever (59.3%), and dyspnea (57.8%) were the most common symptoms of participants at the first visit. A review of chest CT scans showed that Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) (58.5%) and consolidation (20.7%) were the most patterns of lung lesions. Among initial clinical and laboratory findings, anosmia (P = 0.01), respiratory rate (RR) with a cut point of 25 (P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) with a cut point of 90 (P = 0.002), white Blood Cell (WBC) with a cut point of 10,000 (P = 0.009), and SpO2 with a cut point of 93 (P = 0.04) was associated with higher chest CT score. Lung involvement and consolidation lesions on chest CT scans were also associated with a more extended hospitalization and recovery period.Conclusions: Initial assessment of COVID-19 patients, including symptoms, vital signs, and routine laboratory tests, can predict the severity of lung involvement and unfavorable outcomes.
Effect of Early Supraglottic Airway Device Insertion on Chest Compression Fraction during Simulated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stuby Loric , Jampen Laurent , Sierro Julien , Bergeron Maxime , Paus Erik , Spichiger Thierry , Suppan Laurent , Thurre David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Early insertion of a supraglottic airway (SGA) device could improve CCF by allowing providers to perform continuous chest compressions or by shortening the interruptions needed to deliver ventilations. SGA devices do not require the same expertise as endotracheal intubation. This study aimed to determine whether the immediate insertion of an i-gel® while providing continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilations could generate higher CCFs than the standard 30:2 approach using a face-mask in a simulation of OHCA. A multicenter, parallel, randomised, superiority, simulation study was carried out. The primary outcome was the difference in CCF during the first two minutes of resuscitation. Overall and per-cycle CCF, quality of compressions and ventilations parameters were also compared. Among 13 teams of two participants, the early insertion of an i-gel® resulted in higher CCFs during the first two minutes (89.0% vs 83.6%, p=0.001). Overall and per-cycle CCF were consistently higher in the i-gel® group, even after the 30:2 alternation had been resumed. In this group, ventilation parameters were enhanced, but compressions were significantly shallower (4.6 cm vs 5.2 cm, p=0.007). This latter issue must be addressed before clinical trials can be considered.Trial registration: NCT04736446 (03/02/2021)
Exosomal microRNA-150-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting B-cell translocation gene 2
Authors: Yang shuo , Li Xue , Bi Ting 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective

MicroRNA(miR)-150-5p has been investigated in many studies, while the role of exosomal miR-150-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains extensive exploration. This research aims to probe the protective effects of exosomal miR-150-5p from BMSCs on cerebral I/R injury via regulating B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2).
Methods

BMSCs were cultured and transfected with miR-150-5p mimic, then exosomes from BMSCs were extracted. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was established, and miR-150-5p and BTG2 levels in rat brain tissues were detected. Then gain and loss-function assays were conducted to probe the impact of exosomes, miR-150-5p and BTG2 on neurological function, pathological changes, apoptosis and inflammatory factors of MCAO rats. The binding relationship between miR-150-5p and BTG2 was validated.
Results

MiR-150-5p was decreased and BTG2 was augmented in MCAO rats. The exosomes from BMSCs could improve neurological function, pathological changes, apoptosis and reduce inflammatory factors in MCAO rats. Enriched miR-150-5p or decreased BTG2 could enhance the protective effects of exosomes from BMSCs on cerebral I/R injury. The elevated BTG2 reversed the impacts of enriched exosomal miR-150-5p. BTG2 was targeted by miR-150-5p.
Conclusion

Exosomal miR-150-5p from BMSCs exerts protective effects on cerebral I/R injury via repressing BTG2. This study provided novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
3-hydroxykynurenine as a Potential Ligand for Hsp70 Proteins and its Effects on Drosophila Memory After Heat Shock
Authors: Zhuravlev Aleksandr V. , Shchegolev Boris F. , Zakharov Gennadii A. , Ivanova Polina N. , Nikitina Ekaterina A. , Savvateeva-Popova Elena V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Kynurenine products of tryptophan metabolism are modifiers of the nervous activity and oxidative processes in mammals and invertebrates. 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HOK) in moderate concentrations is a lipid peroxidation inhibitor. However, its accumulation and oxidative auto dimerization lead to oxidative stress development manifested in age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and neurologic disorders provoked by acute stress. Different forms of stress, the mostly studied being heat shock response, rely on functioning of heat shock proteins of Hsp70 superfamily. Since kynurenines are called “kids of stress”, we performed computational estimation of affinity of 3HOK and other kynurenines binding to predicted ATP site of Drosophila Hsp70 cognate 71 protein (Dhsp71) using Autodock Vina. The binding energy of 3HOK dimer is -9.4 kcal/mol, its orientation within the active site is close to that of ATP. This might be a new mechanism of producing a competitive inhibitor of Hsp70 chaperones that decreases organism ability to adapt to heat shock. We also showed that the Drosophila melanogaster cardinal (cd1) mutant with 3HOK excess, serving as a model for Huntington's disease (HD), manifests severe defects of short-term memory after heat shock applied either in adults, or at the prepupal stage.
α-Pinene inhibits the growth and induces the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells through regulating miR-34a/Bcl-2 signaling axis
Authors: Xiao-Su Huang , Pei Yan , Chang Zhou , Qiuxiang Xu , Ming Li , Lianbao Ye , Wenqing Ding , Wei-Qiang Chen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose α-pinene was a chemical compound which was extracted from pine needles oil, and it exerted effects on various diseases. However, the effect of α-pinene on cervical cancer had not been reported. The goal of this study was to explore the anti-tumor role of α-pinene. Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect cytotoxicity of α-pinene. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell cycle and apoptosis. TUNEL staining was also performed for the revalidation of apoptosis. QRT-PCR and western blot was implemented to detect the expression levels of apoptosis genes and miR-34a-5p. Tumor-bearing nude mouse models was adopted to assess the anti-tumor action of α-pinene in vivo. Results The results displayed α-pinene restrained proliferation of Hela cells in G1 phase and induced Hela cell apoptosis, which was related to up-regulating expressions of Bax, Bid, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, miR-34a-5p and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2. Afterwards, α-Pinene could regulate miR-34a-5p/Bcl-2 pathway. Furthermore, α-pinene treatment also induced apoptosis in xenografts tumor models. The fluorescence intensity of Bax, Bid, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 increased and fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 decreased. Conclusions Our research demonstrated α-pinene could restrain the development of cervical cancer growth, and it might be an effective chemical compound for therapy of cervical cancer.
Progression of COVID-19 under the highly restrictive measures imposed in Argentina
Authors: Sagripanti Jose-Luis , Aquilano Daniel R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The variety and extent of non-pharmaceutical measures implemented by the government to control COVID-19 in Argentina were exceptional, making this country the best example to analyze the evolution of COVID-19 under the most stringent and longer-lasting restrictive policies- which up to May 31st 2021 included 119 days of strict nation-wide lock-down, 304 days of less restrictive lock-downs, and 35 days of curfews. Two of the three peaks of infection correlated with the germicidal solar flux received in Argentina, suggesting a seasonal component and a role for the virus persisting in the environment. A massive public gathering crowding the presidential square in Buenos Aires, during which nearly half of those present were without face masks, did not alter the infection curve in that city. Comparative epidemiological data (standardized per million inhabitants) shows that COVID-19 in Uruguay, a neighboring country whose capital is at a similar latitude than Buenos Aires and who did not mandate lock-downs or curfews, progressed much slower (until vaccination started) than in Argentina. The number of yearly deaths caused by respiratory diseases and influenza in Argentina before the pandemic was similar to the total number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 cumulated on April 25, 2021, more than a year after the pandemic started. The failure to detect any benefit on ameliorating COVID-19 by the long and strict nation-wide lock-downs in Argentina should raise world-wide concerns about mandating costly and ineffective restrictive measures during ongoing or future pandemics
Livelihood vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies to climate change: a case study in Tanguar haor, Sylhet
Authors: Raihan Farzana , Melon Hossain Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bangladesh is very prone to climate-driven hazards due to its unique geographical location, high population density, and low climate resilience. Therefore, this study addresses the livelihood vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies in response to the climate change issues based on empirical evidence from wetland communities using the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) in Tanguar haor, located in Sylhet, Bangladesh. The finding shows that people of the study area are switching their formal livelihood activities into alternative sources. Crop diversification, homestead gardening, erosion proofing, and cage aquaculture are commonly used by the studied communities to adapt to climate change impacts. The main driver of vulnerabilities was found to be lack of education, underdeveloped infrastructures, lack of advanced health facilities, and lack of alternative livelihoods during extreme events. Therefore, people living in and around the haor region need special consideration. Overall, the study suggests that policy or institutional arrangements are required to promote the better governance system for local communities to improve their living standard so that they can achieve resilience to the impacts of climate variability and change in this area.
Evaluating the potential impact of climate change on the hydrology ofRibbcatchment, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Dessalegn Worku , Asefa Tirusew , Moges Mamaru Ayalew , Leyew Sileshie Mesfin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScientific findings indicated there is climate change that affects given hydrology and, hence, water availability worldwide. To quantify its impact on a specific catchment scale, since spatial and temporal variability of climate change impact, this study was carried out at Ribb catchment, Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. The catchment hydrology was represented by the Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT) through using historical observed data. Regional Climate Model (RCM) projection data set for Nile Basin studies at Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were used for future streamflow generation on three-time horizons; 2020s (2011–2040), 2050s (2041–2070), and 2080s (2071–2098). A baseline period (1976–2005) was used as a reference. SWAT was calibrated (R2 = 0.83 and NSE = 0.74) and validated (R2 = 0.72 and NSE = 0.71). The analysis was done based on the changes from the baseline period to the 2080s. Temperature showed an increasing trend but rainfall is decreasing. The mean annual streamflow could potentially reduce from 42.78 m3/s to 40.24 m3/s and from 42.78 m3/s to 37.58 m3/s based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. On a monthly time scale, decreases in streamflow were found from March to August whereas there was a slight increase from September to February. Concerning individual months, June flows were found to have maximum impact in both scenarios (63.3% at RCP8.5 and 55.45% at RCP4.5 scenarios). The least impacted month was August based on the RCP8.5 scenario which is decreased by 6.64% and April based on the RCP4.5 scenario which is reduced by 1.21%. Looking at total volume, July showed a maximum decrease in both scenarios which is reduced by 21.08 m3/s at the RCP4.5 scenario and 51.22 m3/s at the RCP8.5 scenario. The maximum increase was found in October with 10.31 m3/s and 11.26 m3/s at RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios respectively. The future streamflow of Ribb River has decreased annually and monthly due to increasing temperature and reduction of rainfall.