bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal hsa_circ_0003948 expression affects chronic periodontitis development by regulating miR‐144‐3p/NR2F2/PTEN signaling
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Zhi , Li Yizi , Wang Zuomin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between chronic periodontitis (CP) and abnormal circular RNA (circRNA) expression and to identify the role of hsa_circ_0003948 in the progression of CP.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing was utilized to investigate abnormal expression of circRNA in gingival tissues from CP patients and healthy control subjects. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporting analyses were used to clarify the interactive relationship among circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were employed to analyze proliferation and apoptosis after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment using the cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry detection.ResultsHigh‐throughput sequencing and RT‐qPCR analyses confirmed that hsa_circ_0003948 expression decreased dramatically in gingival samples of CP patients. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0003948 alleviated LPS‐induced PDLC injury by regulating NR2F2/PTEN signaling. The miR‐144‐3p and NR2F2 were determined to be hsa_circ_0003948 downstream targets. NR2F2 downregulation or miR‐144‐3p overexpression reversed the protective effect of hsa_circ_0003948 in PDLCs after treatment with LPS. Upregulation of NR2F2 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐144‐3p on surviving PDLCs after LPS treatment.ConclusionOverexpression of hsa_circ_0003948 exerts a protective effect in CP via miR‐144‐3p/NR2F2/PTEN signaling regulation.
Making America great (the first time): U.S. economic nationalism in historical perspective
Authors: Wraight Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSupporters of Donald Trump often frame his protectionist policies as part of a venerable economic nationalist tradition. This paper examines the process which allowed this historical narrative to form. Examining the history of U.S. economic nationalism, it argues that during the nineteenth century, that tradition became increasingly defined by ‘tariff fixation’, an emphasis on high tariffs to the exclusion of other more effective means for supporting national development. This led the reduction of high tariffs after the 1930s to be viewed as a ‘great betrayal’ of the United States, a narrative that has been of great use to contemporary right‐wing populists.
A MADS‐box gene with similarity to FLC is induced by cold and correlated with epigenetic changes to control budbreak in kiwifruit
Authors: Voogd Charlotte , Brian Lara A. , Wu Rongmei , Wang Tianchi , Allan Andrew C. , Varkonyi‐Gasic Erika 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Temperate perennials require exposure to chilling temperatures to resume growth in the following spring. Growth and dormancy cycles are controlled by complex genetic regulatory networks and are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, but the specific genes and mechanisms remain poorly understood.

To understand how seasonal changes and chilling regulate dormancy and growth in the woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Ac, Actinidia chinensis), a transcriptome study of kiwifruit buds in the field and controlled conditions was performed. A MADS‐box gene with homology to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was identified and characterized.

Elevated expression of AcFLC‐like (AcFLCL) was detected during bud dormancy and chilling. A long noncoding (lnc) antisense transcript with an expression pattern opposite to AcFLCL and shorter sense noncoding RNAs were identified. Chilling induced an increase in trimethylation of lysine‐4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in the 5′ end of the gene, indicating multiple layers of epigenetic regulation in response to cold. Overexpression of AcFLCL in kiwifruit gave rise to plants with earlier budbreak, whilst gene editing using CRISPR‐Cas9 resulted in transgenic lines with substantially delayed budbreak, suggesting a role in activation of growth.

These results have implications for the future management and breeding of perennials for resilience to changing climate.
A reduction in metabolism explains the tradeoffs associated with the long‐term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO2 concentrations
Authors: Jin Peng , Ji Yan , Huang Quanting , Li Peiyuan , Pan Jinmei , Lu Hua , Liang Zhe , Guo Yingyan , Zhong Jiahui , Beardall John , Xia Jianrong 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Phytoplankton are responsible for nearly half of global primary productivity and play crucial roles in the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. However, the long‐term adaptive responses of phytoplankton to rising CO2 remains unknown.

Here we examine the physiological and proteomics responses of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, following long‐term (c. 900 generations) selection to high CO2 conditions.

Our results show that this diatom responds to long‐term high CO2 selection by downregulating proteins involved in energy production (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway), with a subsequent decrease in photosynthesis and respiration. Nearly similar extents of downregulation of photosynthesis and respiration allow the high CO2‐adapted populations to allocate the same fraction of carbon to growth, thereby maintaining their fitness during the long‐term high CO2 selection.

These results indicate an important role of metabolism reduction under high CO2 and shed new light on the adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to climate change.
Selective Inference for Effect Modification Via the Lasso
Authors: Zhao Qingyuan , Small Dylan S. , Ertefaie Ashkan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEffect modification occurs when the effect of the treatment on an outcome varies according to the level of other covariates and often has important implications in decision-making. When there are tens or hundreds of covariates, it becomes necessary to use the observed data to select a simpler model for effect modification and then make valid statistical inference. We propose a two-stage procedure to solve this problem. First, we use Robinson's transformation to decouple the nuisance parameters from the treatment effect of interest and use machine learning algorithms to estimate the nuisance parameters. Next, after plugging in the estimates of the nuisance parameters, we use the lasso to choose a low-complexity model for effect modification. Compared to a full model consisting of all the covariates, the selected model is much more interpretable. Compared to the univariate subgroup analyses, the selected model greatly reduces the number of false discoveries. We show that the conditional selective inference for the selected model is asymptotically valid given the rate assumptions in classical semiparametric regression. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to verify the asymptotic results and an epidemiological application is used to demonstrate the method.
Overexpression of UDP‐sugar pyrophosphorylase leads to higher sensitivity towards galactose, providing new insights into the mechanisms of galactose toxicity in plants
Authors: Althammer Martina , Regl Christof , Herburger Klaus , Blöchl Constantin , Voglas Elena , Huber Christian G. , Tenhaken Raimund 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYGalactose toxicity (Gal‐Tox) is a widespread phenomenon ranging from Escherichia coli to mammals and plants. In plants, the predominant pathway for the conversion of galactose into UDP‐galactose (UDP‐Gal) and UDP‐glucose is catalyzed by the enzymes galactokinase, UDP‐sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP) and UDP‐galactose 4‐epimerase. Galactose is a major component of cell wall polymers, glycolipids and glycoproteins; therefore, it becomes surprising that exogenous addition of galactose leads to drastic root phenotypes including cessation of primary root growth and induction of lateral root formation. Currently, little is known about galactose‐mediated toxicity in plants. In this study, we investigated the role of galactose‐containing metabolites like galactose‐1‐phosphate (Gal‐1P) and UDP‐Gal in Gal‐Tox. Recently published data from mouse models suggest that a reduction of the Gal‐1P level via an mRNA‐based therapy helps to overcome Gal‐Tox. To test this hypothesis in plants, we created Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing USP from Pisum sativum. USP enzyme assays confirmed a threefold higher enzyme activity in the overexpression lines leading to a significant reduction of the Gal‐1P level in roots. Interestingly, the overexpression lines are phenotypically more sensitive to the exogenous addition of galactose (0.5 mmol L−1 Gal). Nucleotide sugar analysis via high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry revealed highly elevated UDP‐Gal levels in roots of seedlings grown on 1.5 mmol L−1 galactose versus 1.5 mmol L−1 sucrose. Analysis of plant cell wall glycans by comprehensive microarray polymer profiling showed a high abundance of antibody binding recognizing arabinogalactanproteins and extensins under Gal‐feeding conditions, indicating that glycoproteins are a major target for elevated UDP‐Gal levels in plants.
Effect of Process Parameters on Interfacial Temperature and Shear Strength of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing of Carbon Steel 4130
Authors: Han Tianyang , Headings Leon M. , Hahnlen Ryan , Dapino Marcelo J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid state manufacturing process capable of producing near-net-shape metal parts. Recent studies have shown the promise of UAM welding of steels. However, the effect of weld parameters on the weld quality of UAM steel is unclear. A design of experiments study based on a Taguchi L16 design array was conducted to investigate the influence of parameters including baseplate temperature, amplitude, welding speed, and normal force on the interfacial temperature and shear strength of UAM welding of carbon steel 4130. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and main effects analyses were performed to determine the effect of each parameter. A Pearson correlation test was conducted to find the relationship between interfacial temperature and shear strength. These analyses indicate that a maximum shear strength of 392.8 MPa can be achieved by using a baseplate temperature of 400°F (204.4°C), amplitude of 31.5 μm, welding speed of 40 in/min (16.93 mm/s), and normal force of 6000 N. The Pearson correlation coefficient is calculated as 0.227, which indicates no significant correlation between interfacial temperature and shear strength over the range tested.
Prediction of Surface Profile Evolution of Workpiece and Lapping Plate in Lapping Process
Authors: Geng Zhichao , Zhou Ping , Meng Lei , Yan Ying , Guo Dongming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lapping has a history of hundreds of years, yet it still relies on the experience of workers. To improve the automaticity and controllability of the lapping process, a modeling method of friction and wear is developed to predict the surface profile evolution of the workpiece and lapping plate in the lapping process. In the proposed method, by solving the balance equations of resultant force and moment, the inclination angles of the workpiece can be calculated; thus, a more accurate contact pressure distribution of the workpiece/lapping plate interface can be calculated. Combined with the material removal rate model, the continuous evolution process of the workpiece and lapping plate can be predicted in the lapping process. The modeling method was validated by a lapping test of a flat optical glass workpiece (Φ 100 mm) with a composite copper plate. The results show that the proposed method can predict the evolution of the surface profile of the workpiece and lapping plate with high accuracy. Consequently, the lapping plate can be dressed at the right time point. Benefit from this, in the validation test the Peak to Valley (PV) value of the workpiece (with 5 mm edge exclusion) was reduced from 5.279 µm to 0.267 µm in 30 min. The proposed surface profile evolution modeling method not only improves the lapping efficiency but also provides an opportunity to understand the lapping process.
Design of a Tensegrity Servo-Actuated Structure for Civil Applications
Authors: Scoccia Cecilia , Carbonari Luca , Palmieri Giacomo , Callegari Massimo , Rossi Marco , Munafó Placido , Marchione Francesco , Chiappini Gianluca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of glass elements in civil engineering is spreading in the last years beyond merely esthetic functions for their ease of installation and production. Nonetheless, the structural performance of such materials in any condition of use is the object of investigation. In this scenario, the paper analyses the performance of an innovative concept of tensegrity floor (patent no. 0001426973) characterized by a particular steel–glass adhesive junction that permits a profitable structural cooperation between such basically different materials. As known, at the base of the effectiveness of tensegrity structures lies the correct tensioning of metal strands which are devoted at keeping the rigid elements compressed. The tensioning level is then responsible of the actual deformation of the structure, which is of course of uttermost importance while speaking of civil applications. To address this issue with the adequate level of confidence required by construction practice, a mechatronic servo-system is proposed, aimed at maintaining, and modifying when needed, the stress state of the metal cables to adjust the deformation of the upper plane in response to varying loads. Three different actuation schemes, with different levels of realization complexity, are analyzed and compared in simulated environment by means of a hybrid multibody-finite elements model.
Microstructural Evolution Of LPBF AlSiMg – Effect Of Water Quenching Vs Furnace Cooling Vs Direct Aging
Authors: Srinivasan Dheepa , Narayana Dayananda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The heat treatment response of AlSi10Mg via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been studied via detailed microstructural characterization. The effect of solutioning (S) and water quenching (WQ) vs furnace cooling (FC), and direct aging (DA) vs solutioning and aging (SA), has been analysed, for microstructure and tensile properties. 11 heat treatments were carried out to map the partitioning of Si, starting with stress relieving at 200 °C vs 300 °C, followed by solution heat treatment at 430°C vs 530 °C, water quenching vs furnace cooling, aging at 160 °C vs direct aging at 160 °C, to establish the microstructure of LPBF AlSi10Mg alloys for potential applications. The microstructure at 430 °C and 530 °C shows Si precipitate fractions of 25% and 14%, respectively. Room temperature mechanical properties, revealed the 300 °C, 2 h stress relieved sample with the highest strength and ductility (YS of 230 MPa and 16%). At 430 °C, both water quenching and furnace cooling showed similar strengths and 16% elongation, while at 530 °C, there was a much lower elongation (8–9%) with the T6 (53 °C, WQ, SA) showing higher strength and elongation. This study brings out the importance of being able to choose the heat treatments suitable to AlSiMg part geometry, via LPBF additive manufacturing for various applications.
Effect of Airfoil Vortex Generator on the Performance and Stability of a Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors: Shivaramaiah Subbaramu , Varpe Mahesh K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present research work, effect of airfoil vortex generator on performance and stability of transonic compressor stage is investigated through CFD simulations. In turbomachines vortex generators are used to energize boundary and generated vortex is made to interact with tip leakage flow and secondary flow vortices formed in rotor and stator blade passage. In the present numerical investigation symmetrical airfoil vortex generator is placed on rotor casing surface close to leading edge, anticipating that vortex generated will be able to disturb tip leakage flow and its interaction with rotor passage core flow. Six different vortex generator configuration are investigated by varying distance between vortex generator trailing edge and rotor leading edge. Particular vortex generator configuration shows maximum improvement of stall margin and operating range by 5.5% and 76.75% respectively. Presence of vortex generator alters flow blockage by modifying flow field in rotor tip region and hence contributes to enhancement of stall margin. As a negative effect, interaction of vortex generator vortices and casing causes surface friction and high entropy generation. As a result compressor stage pressure ratio and efficiency decreases.
Numerical Investigations on Effect of Inflow Parameters on Development of Secondary Flow Field for Linear LP Turbine Cascade
Authors: Darji Anand P. , Baloni Beena D. , Mistry Chetan S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
End wall flows contribute the most crucial role in loss generation for axial flow turbine and compressor blades. These losses lead to modify the blade loading and overall performance in terms of stable operating range. Present study aimed to determine the end wall flow streams in a low speed low pressure linear turbine cascade vane using numerical approach. The study includes two sections. The first section includes an attempt to understand different secondary flow streams available at end wall. Location of generation of horseshoe vortex streams and subsequent vortex patterns are identified in the section. The selection of suitable turbulence model among SST (Shear Stress Transport) k–ω and SST γ–θ to identify end wall flow streams is studied in prior in the section. The steady state numerical study is performed using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stoke’s Equations closed by SST γ–θ turbulence model. The computational results are validated with experimental results available in the literature and are found to be in good agreement. The study is extended for different inflow conditions in later section. The second section includes effect of flow incidence and turbulence intensity on the end wall secondary flow field. Inflow incidences considered for the study are −20°, −10°, 0° (design incidence), +10° and +20°. The inlet turbulence intensities are varied by 1% and 10% for each case. The results revealed different secondary flow patterns at an end wall and found the change in behavior with an inflow conditions. SST γ–θ turbulence model with lower turbulence intensity is more suitable to identify such flow behavior.
Identification of the Mathematical Model of a Gas Turbine Engine Taking Into Account the Uncertainty of the Initial Data
Authors: Baturin Oleg , Popov Grigorii , Nicolalde Paúl , Korneeva Anastasia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article describes the method developed by the authors and tested on the example of the AI-25 engine. The study was focused on determining the probability distribution of the output parameters of a gas turbine engine mathematical model. The distribution was obtained considering the uncertainty of the initial data. The paper describes the identified problems and possible ways to solve them. In particular, it was found that it is not possible to study the influence of more than 7..8 input parameters on the probability distribution of output parameters with the current level of development of computer technology even using simple mathematical models. For this reason, a method has been developed to obtain reliable results while reducing the number of considered input data based on sensitivity analysis.
The paper also proposed a way of comparing stochastic experimental and computational data with each other using a bivariate distribution. This method allows a precise characterisation of the calculation error using 4 numerical values. The experience obtained in the work has shown that taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data dramatically changes the process of interpreting the results.
It should be noted that the obtained results are universal and can be used with other mathematical models in various industries although they were developed on the example of the mathematical model of a gas turbine engine.
Influence of Coolant on Cooling Performance Sensitivity of Internally Convective Turbine Vane
Authors: Chotroongruang Thanapat , Prapamonthon Prasert , Thongdee Rungsimun , Thongmuenwaiyathon Thanapat , Sun Zhenxu , Yin Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the Brayton cycle for gas-turbine engines, the high thermal efficiency and power output of a gas-turbine engine can be obtainable when the gas-turbine engine operates at high turbine inlet temperatures. However, turbine components e.g., inlet guide vane, rotor blade, and stator vane request high cooling performance. Typically, internal cooling and film cooling are two effective techniques that are widely used to protect high thermal loads for the turbine components in a state-of-the-art gas turbine. Consequently, the high thermal efficiency and power output can be obtained, and the turbine lifespan can be prolonged, also. On top of that, a comprehensive understanding of flow and heat transfer phenomena in the turbine components is very important. As a result, both experiments and simulations have been used to improve the cooling performance of the turbine components. In fact, the cooling air used in the internal cooling and film cooling is partially extracted from the compressor. Therefore, variations in the cooling air affect the cooling performance of the turbine components directly. This paper presents a numerical study on the influence of the cooling air on cooling-performance sensitivity of an internally convective turbine vane, MARK II using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/conjugate heat transfer (CHT) with the SST k-ω turbulence model. Result comparisons are conducted in terms of pressure, temperature, and cooling effectiveness under the effects of the inlet temperature, mass flow rate, turbulence intensity, and flow direction of the cooling air. The cooling-performance sensitivity to the coolant parameters is shown through variations of local cooling effectiveness, and area and volume-weighted average cooling effectiveness.
Stiffness Analysis of Delaminated Composite Beams Using Roller Clamps
Authors: Vivek P. G. , Saha Ankuran , Das Apurba , Inaba Kazuaki , Karmakar Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Composites are favored over other traditional materials in many aerospace applications because of their high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. Taylor made material properties can be achieved by scheming the structural parameters making the material light, high strength and durable. Present work deals with a novel approach to enhance the strength of a layered delaminated composite beam using roller clamps to improve stiffness by providing uniform transverse force. Composite beam stiffness significantly degrades due to adverse environmental condition, impact loading and delamination effect. Composite structures are prone to delamination during its life span. Therefore in depth knowledge is needed to find the effect of roller clamps on the dynamic behavior of beam with varying delamination sizes. Present approach will be useful to enhance the stiffness of composite structure with delamination. The free vibration of a clamped cantilever beam is investigated, and the results are compared to those of an unclamped and undelaminated beam. The findings are supported by experimentally obtained responses (modal analysis). Furthermore, the complex activity of the laminated structure is numerically computed and the obtained data is compared to those available in open literature to ensure correctness. The laminated composite beam’s static and free vibration responses are calculated using finite element simulation software (ANSYS).