bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genomic Architecture and Evolutionary Fates of Supergenes
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valencia Juanita , Hughes P William , Berdan Emma L , Slotte Tanja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Supergenes are genomic regions containing sets of tightly linked loci that control multi-trait phenotypic polymorphisms under balancing selection. Recent advances in genomics have uncovered significant variation in both the genomic architecture as well as the mode of origin of supergenes across diverse organismal systems. Although the role of genomic architecture for the origin of supergenes has been much discussed, differences in the genomic architecture also subsequently affect the evolutionary trajectory of supergenes and the rate of degeneration of supergene haplotypes. In this review, we synthesize recent genomic work and historical models of supergene evolution, highlighting how the genomic architecture of supergenes affects their evolutionary fate. We discuss how recent findings on classic supergenes involved in governing ant colony social form, mimicry in butterflies, and heterostyly in flowering plants relate to theoretical expectations. Furthermore, we use forward simulations to demonstrate that differences in genomic architecture affect the degeneration of supergenes. Finally, we discuss implications of the evolution of supergene haplotypes for the long-term fate of balanced polymorphisms governed by supergenes.
Multi-OMICS study of a CHCHD10 variant causing ALS demonstrates metabolic rewiring and activation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses
Authors: Straub Isabella R , Weraarpachai Woranontee , Shoubridge Eric A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mutations in CHCHD10, coding for a mitochondrial intermembrane space protein, are a rare cause of autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutation-specific toxic gain of function or haploinsufficiency models have been proposed to explain pathogenicity. To decipher the metabolic dysfunction associated with the haploinsufficient p.R15L variant, we integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic data sets in patient cells subjected to an energetic stress that forces the cells to rely on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production. Patient cells had a complex I deficiency that resulted in an increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, diminished TCA cycle activity, a reorganization of one carbon metabolism and an increased AMP/ATP ratio leading to phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibition of mTORC1. These metabolic changes activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER through the IRE1/XBP1 pathway, upregulating downstream targets including ATF3, ATF4, CHOP and EGLN3, and two cytokine markers of mitochondrial disease, GDF15 and FGF21. Activation of the mitochondrial UPR was mediated through an upregulation of the transcription factors ATF4 and ATF5, leading to increased expression of mitochondrial proteases and heat shock proteins. There was a striking transcriptional up regulation of at least seven dual specific phosphatases, associated with an almost complete dephosphorylation of JNK isoforms, suggesting a concerted deactivation of MAP kinase pathways. This study demonstrates that loss of CHCHD10 function elicits an energy deficit that activates unique responses to nutrient stress in both the mitochondria and ER, which may contribute to the selective vulnerability of motor neurons.
The Human Right to Suicide under International Law
Authors: Fellmeth Aaron , Abourahma Nourin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Suicide is a major global public health problem, but rarely is the subject viewed as a human right. With the sole exception of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), no international authority has taken a strong position on whether a human right to suicide exists. Even that court’s jurisprudence goes no further than intimating that such a right falls within the scope of the human right to private life. This essay tackles the question of whether there is a human right to suicide under existing international law and, if so, what are its sources and limits. It concludes with an analysis of what obligations, both negative and positive, a right to suicide would impose on the state.
Should women receive luteal support following natural cycle frozen embryo transfer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mizrachi Yossi , Horowitz Eran , Ganer Herman Hadas , Farhi Jacob , Raziel Arieh , Weissman Ariel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spontaneous ovulation during a natural menstrual cycle is frequently used for timing frozen embryo transfer (FET). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether or not women should receive luteal phase support (LPS) following natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET).

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study whether the administration of LPS improves the reproductive outcome following NC-FET.

SEARCH METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of the literature published in Medline/PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, from January 2000 until December 2020. We included all original English, peer-reviewed articles, irrespective of the study design. The search strategy included keywords related to NC-FET and luteal phase support. Studies reporting the results of artificial or stimulated FET cycles were excluded.

OUTCOMES
Our systematic search generated 416 records. After screening, eight studies were included in the review and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two studies (n = 858) used hCG and six studies (n = 1507) used progesterone for luteal support. Four studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), whereas the other four were historic cohort studies. In a meta-analysis using a random effects model, hCG administration for LPS did not increase the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) (two studies, odds ratio (OR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.64–1.14). On the other hand, progesterone LPS was associated with a higher CPR (five studies, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14–1.94), and a higher live birth rate (LBR) (three studies, OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19–2.36). The association between progesterone LPS and the LBR remained significant after excluding non-randomised studies.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The available evidence indicates that progesterone administration for LPS is beneficial following NC-FET. There is no evidence to support the administration of hCG for LPS in these cases. Additional large RCTs are necessary to improve the quality of evidence and validate our findings.
From the Cinema ‘Dekorator’ to the Cinema ‘Arkhitektor’: Set Design, Medium Specificity and Technology in Russian Cinema of the Silent Era.
Authors: Rees Eleanor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article traces how understandings about the role of the cinema set designer—referred to in Russian as the khudozhnik (artist)—evolved across the 1910s and the 1920s in relation to broader artistic debates of the period. Drawing on archival material and articles published in the contemporary Russian and Soviet cinema press, it examines the changes in the cinema khudozhnik’s professional title and what these shifts in terminology reveal about differing conceptions of the scope and nature of the set designer’s role. The debate about the cinema khudozhnik related not only to the division of responsibilities among film-makers as the nascent Russian cinema industry developed and working practices became standardized. It was also connected to film-makers’ growing appreciation of cinema’s expressive potential as an art form and to how the emergent practice of cinema set design related to other creative disciplines, such as painting, the decorative arts, architecture and, from the 1920s, production art. Moreover, during the Soviet 1920s questions about the cinema khudozhnik’s role became associated with broader concerns about what it meant to be a creative practitioner working in a collaborative context and to the value ascribed to such qualities as technological expertise and versatility in early-Soviet ideology.
Extracting angle domain common image gather with variable density acoustic-wave equation
Authors: Liu Yuzhu , Liu Weigang , Yang Jizhong , Dong Liangguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Angle domain common image gathers (ADCIGs), commonly regarded as important prestacked gathers, provide the information required for velocity model construction and the phase and amplitude information needed for subsurface structures in oil/gas exploration. Based on the constant-density acoustic-wave equation assumption, the ADCIGs generated from reverse time migration ignore the fact that the subsurface density varies with location. Consequently, the amplitude versus angle (AVA) analysis extracted from these ADCIGs is not accurate. To partially solve this problem and to improve the accuracy of the AVA analysis, we developed amplitude-preserving ADCIGs suitable for density variations with the assumption of acoustic approximation. The Poynting vector approach, which is efficient and computationally inexpensive, was used to calculate the high-resolution wavefield propagation. The ADCIGs generated from the velocity and density perturbations match the theoretical AVA relationship better than ADCIGs with constant density. The extraction of the AVA analysis of the various combinations of the subsurface medium indicates that the density is non-negligible, especially when the density contrast is sharp. Numerical examples based on a layered model verify our conclusions.
∞-Groupoid Generated by an Arbitrary Topological λ-Model
Authors: Martínez-Rivillas Daniel O , de Queiroz Ruy J G B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The lambda calculus is a universal programming language. It can represent the computable functions, and such offers a formal counterpart to the point of view of functions as rules. Terms represent functions and this allows for the application of a term/function to any other term/function, including itself. The calculus can be seen as a formal theory with certain pre-established axioms and inference rules, which can be interpreted by models. Dana Scott proposed the first non-trivial model of the extensional lambda calculus, known as $ D_{\infty }$, to represent the $\lambda $-terms as the typical functions of set theory, where it is not allowed to apply a function to itself. Here we propose a construction of an $\infty $-groupoid from any lambda model endowed with a topology. We apply this construction for the particular case $D_{\infty }$, and we see that the Scott topology does not provide enough information about the relationship between higher homotopies. This motivates a new line of research focused on the exploration of $\lambda $-models with the structure of a non-trivial $\infty $-groupoid to generalize the proofs of term conversion (e.g., $\beta $-equality, $\eta $-equality) to higher-proofs in $\lambda $-calculus.
Influence of Pyrethroid Resistance on Vector Competency for Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Parker-Crockett Casey , Connelly C Roxanne , Siegfried Blair , Alto Barry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The vector competence of mosquitoes for pathogens has been shown to be influenced by the status of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. However, to date, only two studies has explored the impact of insecticide resistance on arbovirus transmission. The global and widespread use of pyrethroids has led to the development of insecticide resistance in many mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary vector of Zika virus. Strains of Ae. aegypti that were genetically similar, but responded differently to pyrethroid exposure, were developed using backcrossing techniques. These populations were orally infected with Zika virus and susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection, and transmission potential were evaluated. Analyses revealed differences in susceptibility to infection and disseminated infection between the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti during the infection period. Here, we identify an additional challenge to that of widespread pyrethroid resistance. Specifically, resistance is associated with altered phenotypic traits that influence susceptibility to arbovirus infection and progression of infection in the mosquito, factors which ultimately influence risk of arbovirus transmission. These findings support the need to 1) consider insecticide resistance status during times of arbovirus transmission and 2) to implement insecticide resistance management/ mitigation strategies in vector control programs.
Toward a Poetics of Allyship: Rajiv Mohabir’s Radical, Animal Coolitude
Authors: Howerton Alex 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI offer one alternative to media depictions of migrant bodies as animalistic threat by tracing animal movement in Rajiv Mohabir’s poetry. Mohabir is a queer Indo-Caribbean American poet whose poetry depicts animals’ fettered movement, often a consequence of heteropatriarchal and nationalist operations of power. Mohabir suggests that such artistic productions might align and thus ally themselves with disparate imperiled bodies due in part to the ethics of Coolitude, or, the state of having descended from Indo-Caribbean coolies. Mohabir has revitalized the term in a series of manifestos and craft essays published on Jacket2, where he claims Coolitude poetics as a corrective to the kind of nationalist mindset that would condemn imperiled migrants.Mohabir’s poetry prominently features two kinds of creatures: those who enjoy conditional movement, such as the whales that populate verse from across his career, which denotes a subject’s attempts to free themselves from the conscripts of heterosexual or imperial legacies; and those such as the taxidermied wren or coyotes that adorn his first published collection, The Taxidermist’s Cut (2016). These figures best describe political subjects who have internalized the resentment of their political environment and are consequently destroyed. Mohabir does, however, offer one other figure: the unfettered whale of “Why Whales are Back in New York City” (2017). The whales of this poem represent a subject that succeeds in defending itself from the oppression that distinguishes the rest of his poetry; the poem thus serves as a model of sanctuary.
Parliamentary Representation in Six European Right-Wing Sovereignist Parties: Resemblance or Innovation?
Authors: Borri Rossella , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe appeal to the re-appropriation of national sovereignty has recently become the unifying trait of a heterogeneous group of right-wing parties. The underlying reasoning behind this claim is that globalised elites ignore the needs of the people—defined as a restricted and ethnically homogeneous group of natives—they are supposed to represent. After defining the perimeter of this party cluster, including populist, national conservatives and extreme-right parties, this article explores the extent to which the adoption of similar political platforms might also be reflected in a convergence of parliamentary party articulations. A qualitative account of the evolution of parliamentary representation in a few right-wing parties from Italy, Hungary and the Netherlands shows that a two-way street of institutionalisation might be at play in the complex balance between uncompromising grassroots components and a more pragmatic institutional component.
Recommandations sur la sédation lors d’une intervention diagnostique ou thérapeutique chez les nourrissons, les enfants et les adolescents
Authors: Krmpotic Kristina , Rieder Michael J , Rosen David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
De nombreux patients pédiatriques ont besoin de sédation et d’analgésie lors de tests diagnostiques et d’actes thérapeutiques hors de la salle d’opération. Le présent document de principes contient une analyse bibliographique de la sédation interventionnelle (qu’on appelle aussi sédation procédurale), axée sur la prévention des événements indésirables grâce à la sélection des patients appropriés, à la préparation aux situations d’urgence et à la surveillance nécessaire pendant et après l’administration des agents pharmacologiques. Seuls des cliniciens formés en assistance respiratoire et en réanimation devraient être autorisés à l’effectuer, dans le cadre d’un programme hospitalier comportant des initiatives à la fois dynamiques et soutenues en matière de sécurité et d’assurance de la qualité. La rédaction de politiques et de protocoles sur la sédation interventionnelle sécuritaire chez les nourrissons, les enfants et les adolescents fait partie des recommandations.
Access to Finance and Job Growth: Firm-Level Evidence across Developing Countries
Authors: Ayyagari Meghana , Juarros Pedro , Martinez Peria Maria Soledad , Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of access to finance on job growth in over 780,000 firms across twenty-two developing countries. Using the introduction of credit bureaus as an exogenous shock to the supply of credit, the paper finds that increased access to finance results in higher employment growth, especially among micro, small, and medium enterprises. The results are robust to using firm-fixed effects, industry measures of external finance dependence, and propensity score matching. Our findings have implications for policy interventions targeted to produce job growth.
LOCAL LEVELS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE DOSES DUE TO RADIOCESIUM FOR RETURNED RESIDENTS IN TOMIOKA TOWN, FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE
Authors: Yamaguchi Takumi , Taira Yasuyuki , Matsuo Masahiko , Orita Makiko , Yamada Yumiko , Takamura Noboru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tomioka Town is located within a 20-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Radiation dose rates due to radiocesium in residents’ living spaces were evaluated from the measurements of ambient dose rates and environmental samples after returning home. The mean ambient dose rates were 0.15–0.18-μSv/h indoors and 0.23–0.26-μSv/h outdoors during 2018 and 2019, and the additional radiation dose rates were calculated to be 1.4 mSv/y in 2018 and 1.1 mSv/y in 2019. Ambient dose equivalent from surface soils within housing sites were estimated to be 0.66 mSv/y in 2018 and 0.54 mSv/y in 2019. Moreover, committed effective doses from local foods were calculated in 19–74 μSv/y for children and 39–100 μSv/y for adults during 2018 and 2019. These findings suggest that current radiation exposure doses have been controlled at the levels close to the public dose limit (1 mSv/y) in residents’ living spaces.
Microtubule‐dependent mechanism of anti‐inflammatory effect of SOCS1 in endothelial dysfunction and lung injury
Authors: Karki Pratap , Cha Boyoung , Zhang Chen‐Ou , Li Yue , Ke Yunbo , Promnares Kamoltip , Kaibuchi Kozo , Yoshimura Akihiko , Birukov Konstantin G. , Birukova Anna A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) provide negative regulation of inflammatory reaction. The role and precise cellular mechanisms of SOCS1 in control of endothelial dysfunction and barrier compromise associated with acute lung injury remain unexplored. Our results show that siRNA‐mediated SOCS1 knockdown augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) permeability and enhanced inflammatory response. Consistent with in vitro data, EC‐specific SOCS1 knockout mice developed more severe lung vascular leak and accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. SOCS1 overexpression exhibited protective effects against LPS‐induced endothelial permeability and inflammation, which were dependent on microtubule (MT) integrity. Biochemical and image analysis of unstimulated EC showed SOCS1 association with the MT, while challenge with LPS or MT depolymerizing agent colchicine impaired this association. SOCS1 directly interacted with N2 domains of MT‐associated proteins CLIP‐170 and CLASP2. Furthermore, N‐terminal region of SOCS1 was indispensable for these interactions and SOCS1‐ΔN mutant lacking N‐terminal 59 amino acids failed to rescue LPS‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Depletion of endogenous CLIP‐170 or CLASP2 abolished SOCS1 interaction with Toll‐like receptor‐4 and Janus kinase‐2 leading to impairment of SOCS1 inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced inflammation. Altogether, these findings suggest that endothelial barrier protective and anti‐inflammatory effects of SOCS1 are critically dependent on its targeting to the MT.
RNF216 regulates meiosis and PKA stability in the testes
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Li Fangfang , Meng Lanlan , Wei Huafang , Zhang Qianjun , Jiang Fang , Chen Dan‐Na , Li Wei , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Li Jia‐Da 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpermatogenesis is a highly sophisticated process that comprises of mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. RNF216 (ring finger protein 216), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to be essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. However, the stages affected by Rnf216 deficiency and its underlying molecular pathological mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we generated Rnf216‐deficient mice (Rnf216−/−) using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. Knockout of Rnf216 led to infertility in male but not female mice. Rnf216 knockout affected the prophase of meiosis I, as no genotypic difference was observed until 12 dpp (days postpartum). Rnf216−/− spermatocytes were incompletely arrested at the zygotene stage and underwent apoptosis at approximately the pachytene stage. The proportion of zygotene spermatocytes was significantly increased, whereas the proportion of pachytene spermatocytes was significantly decreased in Rnf216−/− testes. Nevertheless, there was no significantly genotypic difference in the number of diplotene spermatocytes. We further revealed that the PKA catalytic subunit β (PRKACB) was significantly increased, which subsequently resulted in elevated PKA activity in testes from adult as well as 9 dpp Rnf216−/− mice. RNF216 interacts with PRKACB and promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin‐lysosome pathway. Collectively, our results revealed an important role for RNF216 in regulation of meiosis and PKA stability in the testes.
Decabromodiphenyl ethane exposure damaged the asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by inhibiting the inactivation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1
Authors: Shi Feifei , Feng Xizeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDecabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a new brominated flame retardant and is widely added to flammable materials to prevent fire. Because it has been continuously detected in a variety of organisms and humans, it is important to reveal the biological toxicity of DBDPE. However, the influence of DBDPE for female reproduction is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether and how DBDPE exposure affects oocyte development. Female mice as a model were orally exposed to DBDPE by 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50 μg/kg bw/day for 30 days (0.05 μg/kg bw/day is close to the environmental exposure concentration). We found that exposure of mice to DBDPE did not affect the first polar body extrusion (PBE) of oocytes. Strikingly, however, asymmetric division of oocytes was markedly impaired in 5 and 50 μg/kg bw/day DBDPE exposed group, which resulted in oocytes with larger polar bodies (PBs). Then, we further explored and found that DBDPE exposure inhibited the spindle migration and membrane protrusion in oocytes during anaphase of meiosis I (anaphase I), thereby impairing asymmetric division. Additionally, we found that DBDPE exposure suppressed the inactivation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), resulting in the decrease of cytoplasmic formin2 (FMN2)‐mediated F‐actin polymerization in oocytes at the onset of anaphase I. Simultaneously, DBDPE exposure damaged the structural integrity of the spindle and the perpendicular relationship between spindle and cortex. These together led to the failure of spindle migration and membrane protrusion required for oocytes asymmetric division. Finally, DBDPE exposure injured the development of blastocysts, leading to blastocyst apoptosis.