bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Observational Study on HIV and Syphilis Rates and Associated Risk Factors Among Elderly Men in Wuxi, China
Authors: Chen Ying , Bao Yining , Wu Zunyou , Robbins Sarah , Chu Minjie , Gu Jing , Meng Xiaojun , Zhuang Xun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a nationwide health problem in China, there were a reported 1,045,000 people living with HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by the end of October 2020, and the number of individuals aged 50 years and older living with HIV has also increased over the past two decades.Methods: A cross-sectional and 1:2 matched case-control studies were conducted from July to August 2016, in three community of Wuxi city, eastern China. A total of 1000 men aged 50 and over completed a face-to-face interview regarding their HIV-related knowledge and attitudes, as well as risk behaviors. All participants also provided a five-milliliter blood sample for syphilis and HIV testing.Results: Among the 1,000 participants, the mean age was 64.7±8.1 years. Less than half of the participants answered all HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)-related questions correctly (range 40.7%-63.9%). Younger men (χ2=23.175, P<0.05) with more education (χ2=52.054, P<0.05) were more knowledgeable about HIV compared to others. Less than 10% men knew where to get test for HIV, while only 2.1% had ever been tested. Serological testing showed that 20 participants were currently infected with syphilis and one person was tested positive for HIV antibody, however, none of them admitted having risky behaviors related to HIV/STDs. The 1꞉2 matched case-control indicated that only the AIDS-related attitudes were different between two groups (χ2=8.726, P=0.013), the conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that scores of AIDS health knowledge was the only significant prognostic factor for the infection (HR=0.754 (0.569-0.999), P=0.049).Conclusions: The overall HIV/STDs-related knowledge among elderly men in Wuxi, China was low. Further research aimed at identifying how these factors impact their sexual decision making can shed valuable insight into further prevention program in this population.
The Isoflavone Puerarin Exerts Anti-Tumor Activitiy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Suppressing Akt/mTOR Activity
Authors: Zhu Hengyue , Lu Hong , Xiao Yanyi , Guo Hangcheng , Guo Yangyang , Huang Youze , Liu Xiaodong , Shan Yunfeng , Bai Yongheng , Lin Xiangyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Puerarin (7,4’-dihydroxyisoflavone-8-β-glucopyranoside) is a natural flavonoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Radix puerariae. Recent studies have demonstrated that puerarin has potential anti-tumor effects via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of puerarin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown.Methods: The effects of puerarin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs), and tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC xenograft mouse model were performed. In addition, Akt/mTOR signaling activity was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results: Puerarin treatment significantly repressed PCC proliferation in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Puerarin induced the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis of PCCs by causing a Bcl-2/Bax imbalance. Moreover, puerarin inhibited PCC migration and invasion by antagonizing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In nude mouse model, PDAC growth and metastasis were reduced by puerarin administration. Mechanistically, puerarin exerted its therapeutic effects on PDAC by suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling. Importantly, puerarin bound to the kinase domain of mTOR protein, affecting the activity of the surrounding amino acid residues associated with the binding of the ATP-Mg2+ complex. Further studies showed that the inhibitory effects of puerarin on PCCs were abolished by a mTOR activator MHY1485, indicating a crucial role of mTOR in anti-tumor effects of puerarin in PDAC. As a result, puerarin hindered glucose uptake and metabolism by downregulating the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) dependent upon HIF-1α and glucose transporter GLUT1.Conclusion: Puerarin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of PDAC by suppressing Akt/mTOR activity.
Targeting SLC3A2 Subunit of System XC- is Essential for m6A Reader YTHDC2 to be an Endogenous Ferroptosis Inducer in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Lifang , Zhang Xiao , Yu Keke , Xu Xin , Chen Tianxiang , Shi Yi , Wang Yikun , Qiu Shiyu , Guo Susu , Cui Jiangtao , Miao Yayou , Tian Xiaoting , Du Lutao , Yu Yongchun , Xia Jinjing , Wang Jiayi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The m6A reader YT521-B homology containing 2 (YTHDC2) inhibits lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumorigenesis by suppressing solute carrier 7A11 (SLC7A11)-dependent antioxidant function. SLC7A11 is a major functional subunit of system XC-. Inhibition of system XC- can induce ferroptosis. However, whether suppressing SLC7A11 is sufficient for YTHDC2 to be an endogenous ferroptosis inducer in LUAD is unknown.Methods: Bioinformatics were used to predict overall survival (OS) and possible correlations. Gene expressions were examined by immunoblotting (IB), reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The doxycycline (Dox)-inducible YTHDC2 cell model, spontaneous LUAD and xenograft mouse models were used to study the function of YTHDC2. SYTOX green and C11-BODIPY581/591 staining following flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell death and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were performed to study promoter. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull down and photoactivatable ribonucleotide crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) were used to determine protein-RNA interactions. Actinomycin D chase experiments were used for RNA stability and four independent LUAD cohorts with a total volume of 384 were recruited to evaluate clinical significance.Results: Induction of YTHDC2 to a high level can induce ferroptosis in LUAD cells but not in lung and bronchus epithelial cells. In addition to SLC7A11, solute carrier 3A2 (SLC3A2), another subunit of system XC- was equally important for YTHDC2-induced ferroptosis. YTHDC2 m6A-dependently destabilized Homeo box A13 (HOXA13) mRNA because a potential m6A recognition site was identified within its 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR). Interestingly, HOXA13 acted as a transcription factor to stimulate SLC3A2 expression. Thereby, YTHDC2 suppressed SLC3A2 via inhibiting HOXA13 in an m6A-indirect manner. Mouse experiments further confirmed the associations among YTHDC2, SLC3A2 and HOXA13, and demonstrated that SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 were both important for YTHDC2-impaired tumor growth and –induced lipid peroxidation in vivo. Moreover, higher expression of SLC7A11, SLC3A2 and HOXA13 indicate poorer clinical outcome in YTHDC2-suppressed LUAD patients.Conclusion: YTHDC2 is a powerful endogenous ferroptosis inducer and targeting SLC3A2 subunit of system XC- is essential for this process. Increasing YTHDC2 is an alternative ferroptosis-based therapy to treat LUAD.
WITHDRAWN: Unbalanced YAP-autophagy Circuit Promotes the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sun Ting , Mao Wenhao , Peng Hui , Ma Liwei , Liu Hongyang , Mai Jia , Jiao Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy in humans, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a significant role in tissue homeostasis and cancer progression. Autophagy is also closely associated with various human cancers. However, the interplay between YAP and autophagy in pancreatic cancer remains poorly understood. Methods: The expression of YAP in PDAC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of YAP on pancreatic cancer cells ware evaluated by CCK-8, EdU, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Subsequent mechanistic studies were performed in PDAC cell lines by western blotting, qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence assay. The consequence of the dual inhibition of YAP and autophagy on tumor growth was evaluated in AsPC-1 xenograft mice.Results: YAP was upregulated and activated in PDAC tissues. Functional assays showed that YAP promoted PDAC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Further analysis revealed a YAP-autophagy feedback loop in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, YAP activated autophagy by promoting Atg5 transcription via TEAD1-mediated binding, while autophagy negatively regulated YAP by controlling its degradation. The hyperactivation of YAP in PDAC unbalanced the YAP-autophagy circuit and promoted cancer progression. The dual inhibition of YAP and autophagy suppressed the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Our study elucidates a novel mechanism involving a YAP-autophagy feedback loop and suggests that the YAP-autophagy circuit may represent a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
Why Patients Do Not Comply With Headache Diaries?
Authors: Borbinha Cláudia , Martins Isabel Pavão 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Headache calendars are part of good clinical practice in headache clinics. However, patients’ compliance is rather variable. We aim to identify factors associated with poor compliance. Methods: Consecutive patients observed in follow-up visits of a tertiary headache center were divided into two groups; with a fullfilled calendar (Calendar compliers, CC) and without calendar (Calendar noncompliers, CNC). Incomplete / forgotten records were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables were compared, and CNC were asked the reasons for not filling the calendar. Results: From 93 patients (45.6±13.3 years, on average; 83 females), the majority with migraine (96.8%), 61.3% were CC. CNC were more likely to have medication overuse (34.5% vs. 12.3%, p=0.01) and had a tendency to be paid workers (79.3% vs. 52.6%, p=0.05) compared to CC. Most CC considered calendars useful to improve doctors and patients knowledge about headaches.Conclusions: Although these results need to be evaluated in other contexts, they suggest that patients with medication overuse have a more denial attitute towards headache records and may need additional reinforcement.
Feasibility of lattice radiotherapy using proton and carbon ion pencil beam for sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Wei Wei , Hu Ji Yi , Hu Wei Xu , Zhang Xi Yu , Wu Xiao Dong , Lu Jiade J , Kong Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are extremely rare, but they are a treatment challenge because they are highly radioresistant and are surrounded by several organs at risk (OARs). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of lattice radiotherapy (LRT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton or carbon ion beams in the treatment of sinonasal ACC.Patients and methods: Ten patients with nonoperative, bulky, and radioresistant ACCs were enrolled. Spherical vertices with a 1-cm diameter and average centre-to-centre distance of 3.51 cm were delineated within the gross tumour volumes. The prescription was 15 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) to vertices and 3–3.5 Gy (RBE) to the periphery as clinical boost target volumes (CTVboosts) in one fraction. Photon, proton, and carbon-ion LRT plans were generated based on this. Peak-to-valley ratios (PVDRs) and dose delivered to the vertices, CTVboost, and OARs were compared among the three plans. The OAR doses were also compared between LRT plans and one fraction of clinical boost plans. Results: The mean for photon, proton, and carbon-ion LRT plans were 4.78 (range: 4.34–5.36), 4.82 (range: 4.15–5.37), and 4.69 (range: 4.31–5.28), respectively. The mean for the same plans were 3.42 (range: 3.15–3.79), 2.93 (range: 2.19–3.74), and 3.58 (range: 3.09–4.68), respectively, with no significant differences in both. The brain stem, chiasm, optic nerve, parotids, spinal cord, and brain were better protected in proton and carbon-ion LRT plans than in photon LRT plans. Further, these plans did not introduce more doses to the OARs compared to the one-fraction clinical boost plan, with a significant difference. Conclusion: Despite the minimal difference in PVDR between proton and carbon-ion LRT plans and photon LRT plans, the former can better protect OARs than photon LRT plans. Therefore, PBS proton and carbon-ion LRT can be used for sinonasal ACC.
Experimental Research on the Nanoindentation of Bovine Compact Bone under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Meng Xianjia , Qin Qinghua , Qu Chuanyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The role of bone fatigue damage at the nanostructural level, and its effect on fatigue properties is an understudied and important subject. An understanding of the subtler aspects of bone’s properties is crucial to understanding bone fragility caused by aging, disease, and fatigue damage. The primary strength of this study was the demonstration of the degradation of bone’s microscopic mechanical properties by nanoindentation following fatigue loading.
Methods

Nanoindentation was used to probe the micro-mechanical properties of bovine tibiae subjected to fatigue loading in four-point bending. Indentation tests were conducted in the same 30×120 µm region before fatigue loading and after loading to fracture. We analysed the effects of residual indentations on bone’s fatigue resistance using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties calculated using nanoindentation were reduced modulus and hardness, the time constant based on creep, long-term creep viscosity and the dissipated work. Differences of each parameter before loading and post fracture were examined using paired t-tests.
Results

The morphology of the initial residual indentation before fatigue loading appeared the same as that after loading to fracture. The results show that the reduced modulus decreased significantly (p = 9.47×10− 3) by 7.62%~15.16% after fracture whereas the time constant of creep increased slightly (p = 0.049) by 2.81%~5.41%. The p-value was significantly lower (p < 0.001) for reduced modulus compared to all other mechanical properties.
Conclusion

Residual indents different from fatigue damage created no crack initiators that would weaken bone’s resistance to fatigue loading. Fatigue loading has the most heavy effect on bone’s reduced modulus compared to all other microscopic mechanical properties.
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype With Distinctly Different Prognosis And Molecular Features In Pancreatic Cancer Patient
Authors: Ning Gang , Li Yongqiang , Chen Wenji , Tang Wenjuan , Shou Diwen , Luo Qingling , Chen Huiting , Zhou Yongjian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), featured with concurrent and widespread hypermethylation of a cluster of CpGs, has been reported to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Limited studies have investigated the CIMP in pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this study was to explore the CIMP in PC patients and its clinical-pathological and genomic characteristics. Methods:DNA methylation, somatic mutation, mRNA and corresponding clinical data of PC patients were downloaded from TCGA (184 patients) and ICGC (264 patients). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify prognosis related CpGs. Consensus clustering analysis was used for identification of the CIMP in PC patients. ESTIMATE and CIBORORT were used for estimation of tumor microenvironment (TME) in PC patients.ResultsIn TCGA PC cohort, 22,450 differential CpGs, including 12,937 hypermethylated CpGs and 9,513 hypomethylated CpGs were identified between185 PC patients and 10 normal controls. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis further screened out 72 OS related CpGs and three distinct CIMP groups with distinctly different prognosis and molecular features, including CIMP-L subgroup, CIMP-M subgroup and CIMP-H subgroup were identified based on unsupervised consensus clustering analysis of these CpGs. Patients of the CIMP-H subgroup had poorer OS and RFS, while patients of CIMP-L subgroup had better OS and RFS. The CIMP status were also an independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. In molecular features, significantly higher somatic mutation burdens and tumor mutational burden were found at patients of CIMP-H subgroup compared to that in patients of CIMP-L subgroup. Besides, lower stromal score, immune score and higher cancer stemness indices and tumor purity were also found at patients of CIMP-H subgroup compared to that in patients of CIMP-L subgroup. Correspondingly, significantly total T cells, total B cells, CD8 T cells, memory CD4 T cells and higher regulatory T cells were found at patients of CIMP-H subgroup. Moreover, significantly lower expression of immune checkpoint genes, such as PD-1, CTLA4, CD86, VTCN1 and LAG-3 were also found at patients of CIMP-H subgroup compared to that in patients of CIMP-L subgroup. In the end, we validated the CIMP status in PC patients of ICGC dataset.ConclusionThree distinct CIMP subgroups of PC patients with distinct clinical characteristic, prognosis, gene mutation landscape and TME were identified and validated. The CIMP may help to make an assertion to provide specific and efficient treatment options for patients of different subtypes.
Dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies: A prospective study in Yemen
Authors: Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed , Elkalmi Ramadan Mohamed , Ming Long Chiau , Othman Gamil , Halboup Abdulsalam M. , Battah Mohammed Mohammed , Dhabali Abdullah Ahmed , Jaber Amamr Ali Saleh , Al-Shami Abdulkareem Mohammed , Alakhali Khaled M. , Alseragi Wafa Mohammed , Alshakhshir Sami Mustafa , Alshahrani Sultan M. , Mani Vasudevan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the dispensing errors that occurred during the dispensing process in selected hospital pharmacies in Sana’a, Yemen; and to describe their types and causes.MethodologyA prospective study was carried out in selected hospital pharmacies in Yemen over 40 days using a validated tool. ResultsA total of 9000 dispensed prescriptions were evaluated for the dispensing errors and 2.13 % dispensing errors were identified. Wrong dosage form (134/192); wrong strength (24/192); wrong drug (18/192); wrong quantity, wrong instructions written and drug available in the pharmacy but not given were (6/192) and dispense the expired drugs (3/192) were the reported dispensing errors in this study. Poor handwriting, similar drug names, similar drug packaging, fatigue, heavy work, workforce issues, and poor communication were the most common reported causes of dispensing errors. ConclusionThe prevalence of dispensing errors in this study was 2.13%. Pharmacists can play an important role in the improving the safety of medicines. Study of the dispensing errors incidence in national wide, it's types and causes of dispensing errors are very important and highly recommended. Study the impact of different interventions to improve dispensing quality, reducing and preventing dispensing errors are strongly recommended.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the Russian language - a systematic review of validation efforts and application challenges
Authors: Neufeld Maria , Bunova Anna , Ferreira-Borges Carina , Bryun Evgeniy , Fadeeva Eugenia , Gil Artyom , Gornyi Boris , Khaltourina Daria , Koshkina Evgenia , Nadezhdin Aleksey , Tetenova Elena , Vujnovic Melita , Vyshinsky Konstantin , Yurasova Elena , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is one of the most frequently used screening instrument for hazardous and harmful use of alcohol and potential alcohol dependence in primary health care (PHC) and other settings worldwide. It has been translated into many languages and adapted and modified for use in some countries, following formal adaptation procedures and validation studies. In the Russian Federation, the AUDIT has been used in different settings and by different health professionals, including addiction specialists (narcologists). In 2017, it was included as a screening instrument in the national guidelines of routine preventive health checks at the population-level (dispanserization). However, various Russian translations of the AUDIT are known to be in use in different settings and, so far, little is known about the empirical basis and validation of the instrument in Russia—a country, which is known for its distinct drinking patterns and their detrimental impact on health. The present contribution is the summary of two systematic reviews that were carried out to inform a planned national validation study of the AUDIT in Russia.Two systematic searches were carried out to 1) identify all validation efforts of the AUDIT in Russia and to document all reported problems encountered, and 2) identify all globally existing Russian translations of the AUDIT and document their differences and any reported issues in their application. The qualitative narrative synthesis of all studies that met the inclusion criteria of the first search highlighted the absence of any large-scale rigorous validation study of the AUDIT in primary health care in Russia, while a document analysis of all of the 122 Russian translations has revealed 61 unique versions, most of which contained inconsistencies and signaled obvious application challenges of the test.The results clearly signal the need for a validation study of the Russian AUDIT.
Adoption of a multiple use water system (MUWS) to ensure water security for Nepalese hill farmers
Authors: Raut Nani , Shakya Aashna , Gurung Smriti , Dahal Bed Mani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multiple use water system (MUWS) is an approach to water services planning and design of new and rehabilitated systems. It is informed by input on people's multiple water uses, reuses, and needs at their preferred sites within communities. Although MUWS has been implemented in different parts of Nepal to address water security, the motivating factors in adoption of MUWS have not been previously clear. To better understand farmers' interests, the socio-economic context, and severity of water scarcity problems, we analyzed determinant factors in adoption of MUWS related to the extent of area under vegetable production in Annapurna rural municipality of Kaski district. We surveyed 150 households and conducted eight key informant interviews. A binary logistic regression model showed that five variables, namely: households sharing a tap, water tariff, water volume used, availability of a water storage system, and water sufficiency during the dry season have significant positive influences on the adoption of MUWS. In contrast, two variables, namely: caste and access to water have significant negative influences on the adoption behavior of farmers. Likewise, the linear regression model showed agricultural crops grown, total landholdings, and water quality influenced the extent of vegetable production. Thus the socio-economic condition, access to resources and the institution affect the adoption behavior of farmers. Agriculture policy intervention at provincial/national level should highlight the importance of adoption of MUWS and its benefit in terms of securing water, economy and food in a changing climate.