bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America
Authors: Crone Elizabeth E. , Schultz Cheryl B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the western United States, the population of migratory monarch butterflies is on the brink of collapse, having dropped from several million butterflies in the 1980s to ~2000 butterflies in the winter of 2020–2021. At the same time, a resident (non‐migratory) monarch butterfly population in urban gardens has been growing in abundance. The new resident population is not sufficient to make up for the loss of the migratory population; there are still orders of magnitude fewer butterflies now than in the recent past. The resident population also probably lacks the demographic capacity to expand its range inland during summer months. Nonetheless, the resident population may have the capacity to persist. This sudden change emphasises the extent to which environmental change can have unexpected consequences, and how quickly these changes can happen. We hope it will provoke discussion about how we define resilience and viability in changing environments.
Surgical colic caused by fibrous bands and adhesions in absence of previous abdominal surgery: 9 cases (2012–2019)
Authors: Giusto G. , Cerullo A. , Gandini M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundIntestinal pathologies caused by adhesions or fibrous bands in the absence of previous abdominal surgery have been reported in humans but rarely in horses.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and surgical features of acute colic in horses caused by adhesions or fibrous bands in the absence of previous abdominal surgery.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsRecords of horses that underwent exploratory laparotomy at the University of Turin VTH between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Clinical and surgical features of cases diagnosed with adhesions or fibrous bands as the primary cause of colic were retrieved, excluding those that had a history of previous abdominal surgery, either for gastrointestinal or urogenital problems.ResultsNine out of 293 horses which underwent exploratory laparotomy between 2012 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria for the study. In three cases, the adhesion involved the omentum (and the caecal apex, mesojejunum or mesocolon). In one case, a fibrous band 3–4 cm long running across the mesojejunum parallel to the small intestine strangled a loop of small intestine. In the remaining cases, the adhesion involved the left colon. Of these, two were geldings and the adhesion involved the internal inguinal ring region. Both had funiculitis after castration. The others were mares, and in one of them the adhesion was at the level of a small hernia in the left lateral abdominal wall.Main limitationsSmall number of cases.ConclusionsThis is the first case series of surgical colic caused by adhesions in a virgin abdomen. In horses, abdominal adhesions in the absence of previous abdominal trauma may be a cause of colic. Parturition, colon displacement and castration may be predisposing factors for the formation of intra‐abdominal adhesions.
Symmetric dimethylarginine and renal function analysis in horses with dehydration
Authors: Lo Hsiao‐Chien , Winter Judith C. , Merle Roswitha , Gehlen Heidrun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute dehydration caused by a variety of diseases in horses can lead to acute kidney injury. However, current renal biomarkers usually indicate renal damage late in the course of the disease. A novel biomarker would be helpful to diagnose renal disease earlier.Objectives(1) To estimate the correlation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations with the degree of dehydration, traditional renal biomarkers and renal function analysis, and (2) to determine the value of SDMA as a prognostic and early biomarker of renal injury in horses.Study designProspective cohort.MethodsSerum SDMA, creatinine and urea concentrations and renal function analysis were measured in 41 horses with dehydration at 4 time points until 48 h after admission. Horses were grouped according to their dehydration level into mildly, moderately and severely dehydrated groups.ResultsSerum SDMA concentrations at admission correlated with creatinine concentrations (r = .412, P < .001). Differences in SDMA concentrations at admission were detected among dehydration levels but not between survivors and nonsurvivors. Significant correlations of SDMA concentrations with other markers of renal function analysis and short‐term outcome were not observed.Main limitationsBesides the small sample size and low statistical power, missing urine samples at specific time points were also 1 of the main limitations. Only 1 of the horses developed acute kidney injury, which made the evaluation of the predictive value of SDMA difficult.ConclusionsSDMA concentrations correlated significantly with creatinine concentrations in dehydrated horses. Further research is needed to reveal the application of SDMA in horse.
Biological and environmental influences on the migration phenology of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in a chalk stream in southern England
Authors: Simmons Olivia M. , Gregory Stephen D. , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Riley William D. , Scott Luke J. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Migration enables animals to access important resources throughout their lifetime but exists in a trade‐off with elevated mortality risk. In spring, juvenile Atlantic salmon (smolts) migrate from their natal rivers for marine feeding grounds, with the timing of their marine entry a potentially important determinant of their long‐term survival. However, there is relatively little known on how the interaction of biological and environmental factors affect smolt migration phenology at the individual level, and how these vary throughout the duration of the smolt seaward migration (run).

Using 15‐year tag, recapture, and detection datasets of individual smolts (marked with passive integrated transponder tags) from a chalk stream in southern England, the influences of a range of biological and environmental variables were tested on the run timing of individual smolts, measured as the timing of their arrival in a lower river reach.

The probability of smolts arriving earlier in the lower river reach was elevated following winters that were relatively warm, and when there were larger positive daily changes in water temperature and discharge during the run. Early migrants tended to be larger individuals and from sites lower in the catchment, from where the smolts had to migrate relatively shorter distances. Later migrants were more likely to migrate in schools, but with schooling behaviour also more likely to occur during daylight than at night.

The relative influence of some of these variables altered throughout the run. Relative changes in daily water temperature were not important during the middle period of the smolt run but were important at the start and end of the run. Relative changes in daily discharge were most influential towards the end of the run, when even relatively small changes in discharge had a strong influence on migration.

These results reveal the importance of a wide range of biological and environmental variables on the phenology of smolt migrations, and how their influence can alter throughout the run. With predictions of annually increasing river temperatures, more frequent and intense discharge events, and associated shifts to earlier migration, these results emphasise that such changes in climate are likely to have substantial consequences on the future success of smolt migrations and thereby future numbers of returning adult spawners.
Multicomponent oxide composites for carriers in catalytic applications
Authors: Vora Aliakbar M. , Yadav Ran Bahadur , Basrur Arun G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBinary, ternary, and quaternary composite oxides of rare earths (La and Ce) with one or more of aluminum, magnesium, and zirconium, prepared by coprecipitation are studied. Potential use is carrier in steam or dry reforming of hydrocarbons and ethanol. Individual components influence specific surface area, porosity, acidity, hydrothermal stability, and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) differently. Interaction effects between components further influence these properties resulting in unexpected trends. Alumina and magnesia form solid solutions with zirconia until 650℃. Magnesia imparts better hydrothermal stability to zirconia. Aluminum and magnesium form MgAl2O4 spinel in ternary composites. Specific surface area varies linearly with alumina content. Alumina influences porosity, whereas magnesia influences pore diameter. The composites are mesoporous. Only binary composites present unimodal, pore size distribution. Composites containing alumina present type H2 isotherms while the remaining composites present H3 type isotherms. OSC increases over ZrO2/CeO2 5.7 to 15.3 molar. Magnesia and alumina affect microstructure and hydrothermal stability in contrasting ways. Thermogravimetry indicates that ternary composites of zirconia with alumina or magnesia form through oxolation. Surface hydroxyls with varying acidity are seen by FTIR in as synthesized samples. Magnesia and zirconia influence acidity in opposite ways, which impacts deactivation in the decomposition of 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol.
Distracting activities in times of COVID‐19 pandemic and their relation to labor supply
Authors: Nilmar de Oliveira José , Orrillo Jaime , Gamboa Franklin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder the hypothesis that workers become distracted and spend less time working during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we analyze, via a model of endogenous growth, the relationship between distracting activities and home office supply. We find a strong theoretical relation between the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of the time spent on distracting activities and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of home office labor. We also analyze the effect that the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of home office labor has on the marginal productivity of effective labor and the growth rate of production.
Effect of recovery‐based interventions on recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals, regarding recovery‐oriented practice: A quantitative narrative review
Authors: Sreeram Anju , Cross Wendy , Townsin Louise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMental health recovery is an enabling process encouraging consumers to live a productive life, notwithstanding the presence of debilitating symptoms of illness. The recovery model has been integrated into all areas of mental health. However, literature shows that mental health professionals are not equipped to provide recovery‐oriented care to consumers. Researchers have recommended recovery‐based interventions to develop knowledge, attitudes, and skills to promote recovery‐oriented practice in mental health, yet there is a paucity of research regarding the effect of recovery‐oriented interventions on the knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals to improve recovery‐oriented practice. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to understand the effectiveness of interventions on recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals regarding recovery‐oriented practice. The papers were identified through the Population Intervention Comparison and Outcome strategy. The heterogeneity of the selected papers led to a narrative review instead of a systematic review with meta‐analysis. The analysis suggested that recovery‐based interventions are effective in enhancing the recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals. Recovery‐based interventions have the potential to reduce the use of physical restraints and improve work satisfaction among mental health professionals. The limitations of the studies were the heterogeneity of the selected populations and the absence of strong methodologies to assess the effect of the interventions. Therefore, future investigations should be focused on the effect of interventions on a homogeneous group using randomized controlled trials.
Development of deep red–emitting CaBiVO5:Pr3+ phosphor for multifunctional optoelectronic applications
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Jayasimhadri Mula 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrthorhombic Pr3+‐doped calcium bismuth vanadate (CBV: Pr3+) phosphors have been synthesized successfully via a citrate‐gel method. The single‐phase formation of CBV: Pr3+ phosphor has been endorsed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image reveals dense‐particle packaging with the quasi‐spherical shape for the prepared CBV: Pr3+ phosphors. Under blue light excitation, CBV: Pr3+ phosphors exhibit intense red emission bands located at 608 and 656 nm wavelengths, overlapping with the absorption spectrum of PR phytochrome, which is present in plants. To achieve the maximum red intensity, the Pr3+ ion concentration is optimized to be 1.25 mol% in the CBV host, after which the emission intensity ceases due to concentration quenching. Dexter's theory disclosed the possibility of d‐d multipolar interaction among Pr3+ ions at higher concentrations of Pr3+ ions in the CBV host. The CIE coordinates are found to be positioned in the pure red region for CBV: Pr3+ phosphor and in the proximity of red‐emitting commercial phosphor. The temperature‐dependent spectral studies manifest substantial thermal stability of the as‐synthesized phosphor. All the studies mentioned above specify the tremendous potentiality of thermally stable CBV: Pr3+ phosphor in agricultural lighting and w‐LED applications.
Y3NbO7 transparent ceramic series for high refractive index optical lenses
Authors: Huang Muzhang , Li Lieyang , Feng Yingjie , Zhao Xiaohui , Pan Wei , Wan Chunlei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA2B2O7 and A3BO7 transparent ceramic families are potential materials for optical lenses because of their high refractive index. Although nonstoichiometry is widely present in these material families, its effect on refractive index and optical properties has not yet been fully studied. In this study, optical properties are reported for the Y3NbO7 transparent ceramic series, Y1−xNbxO1.5+x (x = 0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26), which were fabricated by a pressureless pre‐sintering and a hot isostatic pressing post‐sintering treatment. The refractive index increases from 2.04 to 2.10 (at 587.6 nm) as the Nb content x increases, which is mainly attributed to the variation in the oxygen ion/vacancy ratio. The Abbe number is larger than 40, showing a decreasing trend as the Nb content x increases. The specimen with x = 0.24 has the highest inline transmittance, which were 62% and 76% at 587.6 and 2000 nm, respectively, for a 1‐mm‐thick specimen. Through the approach of nonstoichiometry, Y1−xNbxO1.5+x series exhibit balanced properties of refractive index, Abbe number, and transmittance, which can be considered as a promising candidate for high refractive index optical lenses.
Is there a role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor in mediating degeneration during oxidative stress and after hypoxia?
Authors: Sankorrakul Kornraviya , Qian Lei , Thangnipon Wipawan , Coulson Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) neurons are particularly vulnerable to degeneration following trauma and in neurodegenerative conditions. One reason for this is their characteristic expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which is up‐regulated and mediates neuronal death in a range of neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, including dementia, stroke and ischaemia. The signalling pathway by which p75NTR signals cell death is incompletely characterised, but typically involves activation by neurotrophic ligands and signalling through c‐Jun kinase, resulting in caspase activation via mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathways. Less well appreciated is the link between conditions of oxidative stress and p75NTR death signalling. Here, we review the literature describing what is currently known regarding p75NTR death signalling in environments of oxidative stress and hypoxia to highlight the overlap in signalling pathways and the implications for p75NTR signalling in cBF neurons. We propose that there is a causal relationship and define key questions to test this assertion.
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Muscle architecture and passive lengthening properties of the gastrocnemius medialis and Achilles tendon in children who idiopathically toe‐walk
Authors: Harkness‐Armstrong Carla , Maganaris Constantinos , Walton Roger , Wright David M. , Bass Alfie , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , O’Brien Thomas D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildren who idiopathically toe‐walk (ITW) habitually operate at greater plantarflexion angles and thus, at shorter muscle‐tendon unit (MTU) lengths than typically developing (TD) children. Therefore, it is often assumed that habitual use of the gastrocnemius muscle in this way will cause remodelling of the muscle‐tendon architecture compared to TD children. However, the gastrocnemius muscle architecture of children who ITW has never been measured. It is essential that we gain a better understanding of these muscle‐tendon properties, to ensure that appropriate clinical interventions can be provided for these children. Five children who ITW (age 8 ± 2 years) and 14 TD children (age 10 ± 2 years) participated in this study. Ultrasound was combined with isokinetic dynamometry and surface electromyography, to measure muscle architecture at common positions and passive lengthening properties of the gastrocnemius muscle and tendon across full range of motion. Regardless of which common condition groups were compared under, both the absolute and normalised to MTU muscle belly and fascicle lengths were always longer, and the Achilles tendon length was always shorter in children who ITW than TD children (p < 0.05; large effect sizes). The passive lengthening properties of the muscle and tendon were not different between groups (p > 0.05); however, passive joint stiffness was greater in children who ITW at maximum dorsiflexion (p = 0.001) and at a joint moment common to all participants (p = 0.029). Consequently, the findings of this pilot study indicate a remodelling of the relative MTU that does not support the concept that children who ITW commonly experience muscle shortening. Therefore, greater consideration of the muscle and tendon properties are required when prescribing clinical interventions that aim to lengthen the MTU, and treatments may be better targeted at the Achilles tendon in children who ITW.
Analysis of discharge documentation for older adults living with dementia: A cohort study
Authors: Parker Kirsten J. , Phillips Jane L. , Luckett Tim , Agar Meera , Ferguson Caleb , Hickman Louise D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults living with dementia frequently transition between healthcare settings. Care transitions increase vulnerability and risk of iatrogenic harm.Aim and objectiveTo examine the quality of transitional care arrangements within discharge documentation for older people living with dementia.DesignSecondary analysis of cohort study data.MethodA secondary analysis of the IDEAL Study [ACTRN12612001164886] discharge documents, following the STROBE guidelines. Participants had a confirmed diagnosis of dementia and were discharged from hospital to a nursing home. An audit tool was used to extract the data. This was developed through a synthesis of existing tools and finalised by an expert panel. The analysis assessed the quality of discharge documentation, in the context of transitional care needs, and presented results using descriptive statistics. Functional ability; physical health; cognition and mental health; medications; and socio environmental factors were assessed.ResultsSixty participants were included in analyses, and half were male (52%), with a total participant mean age of 83 (SD 8.7) years. There was wide variability in the quality of core discharge information, ranging from excellent (37%), adequate (43%) to poor (20%). A sub‐group of these core discharge documentation elements that detailed the participants transitional care needs were rated as follows: excellent (17%), adequate (46%) and poor (37%).ConclusionDischarge documentation fails to meet needs of people living with dementia. Improving the quality of discharge documentation for people living with dementia transitioning from hospital to nursing home is critical to provide safe and quality care.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for safe, timely, accurate and comprehensive discharge information to ensure the safety of people living with dementia and prevent adverse harm.
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma with an immature teratoma component showing ARID1A deficiency and an identical PIK3CA mutation
Authors: Kihara Atsushi , Iizuka Toshihiko , Endo Shinichi , Horie Koji , Kanda Hiroaki , Niki Toshiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe herein report a case of ovarian clear cell carcinoma with an immature teratoma component that exhibited aggressive behavior. A 47‐year‐old woman presented with abdominal distention, and computed tomography detected a cystic mass on the right ovary. The resected mass had mural nodules, most of which showed a pale‐yellow appearance; some nodules had a heterogeneous cut surface with bright yellow and white areas. Histologically, the former nodules were composed of clear cell carcinoma, while the latter contained teratomatous tissues, such as immature skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and enteric glands. The tumor was staged as pT1c. Despite adjuvant chemotherapy and additional lymph node dissection, she had local recurrence and multiple liver metastasis 6 months after the first surgery. The disease rapidly progressed, and she died 9 months after the first surgery. Clear cell carcinoma and immature teratoma both showed ARID1A deficiency and an identical PIK3CA mutation, which suggested their clonal relationship.
Long non‐coding RNA IGF2‐AS promotes trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating miR‐520g/N‐cadherin axis
Authors: Li Mei , Zhang Hong , Kong Qingbi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent miscarriage (RM) is a distressing reproductive issue worldwide. Dysfunction of trophoblasts can trigger numerous unfavorable pregnant outcomes such as RM, stillbirth, and fetal malformation.MethodsIn this text, the roles and molecular basis of long non‐coding RNA insulin growth factor 2 antisense (IGF2‐AS) in the development of trophoblast cells were further investigated. IGF2‐AS, microRNA‐520g (miR‐520g), and N‐cadherin levels were measured by RT‐qPCR assay. Cell viability, the number of colonies, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured by CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell migration, and invasion assays, respectively. The relative proteins expression was detected by western blot.ResultsThe interaction between miR‐520g and IGF2‐AS or N‐cadherin was tested by bioinformatics prediction analysis, and confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Our data revealed that IGF2‐AS and N‐cadherin levels were notably decreased, and miR‐520g was strikingly increased in the placentas from RM patients. IGF2‐AS overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and hampered cell apoptosis in trophoblast cells, while IGF2‐AS deletion exhibited opposite results. Moreover, miR‐520g was a target gene of IGF2‐AS and negatively regulated by IGF2‐AS. MiR‐520g inhibitor enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion capability of trophoblast cells, suppressed cell apoptosis, and promoted the EMT process. Moreover, the effects of IGF2‐AS overexpression on trophoblast cells were reversed by miR‐520g upregulation.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that IGF2‐AS facilitated trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and suppressed cell apoptosis by regulating miR‐520g/N‐cadherin axis, providing potential biomarkers for RM.