bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive mechanisms underlying interaction and contribution in online health communities: the perspectives of doctors and patients
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Jia , Li Qiao 
Published: February 2021

PurposeActive interaction and knowledge contribution are vital yet challenging elements of the sustainable development of online health communities (OHCs). To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying these behaviours in doctors' and patients' use of OHCs, this study develops a theoretical model to examine the relationships among cognitive modes, patterns of interaction, perceived usefulness, and contribution behaviour and the impact of user identity on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo test the research hypotheses, structural equation modelling and multiple-group analysis were used to analyse survey data from 207 doctors and 213 patients.FindingsThe results indicate that dual processes and perceived usefulness are the key cognitive antecedents of interaction and knowledge contribution, respectively. However, the correlation of the rational mode and instrumental interaction is significantly stronger in the doctors' group than in the patients' group, while a stronger correlation between the experiential mode and instrumental interaction is observed in the patients' group.Practical implicationsThese findings support the development of information and system strategies to support the operation of dual processes underlying doctors' and patients' instrumental and affective interactions, facilitate evaluation and sense-making of interaction activities, and motivate knowledge contribution.Originality/valueThis study uncovers the invariance and variability in the relationships between salient cognitive activities and behavioural responses in doctors' and patients' use of OHCs and the impact of user identity on variability.
Rationalising industrial action: how Ugandan public school teachers and public university lecturers explain their engagement in industrial action
Authors: Kambasu Obed 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to shed light on the rising waves of workplace militancy in the public sector and to provide insights into the perceptions that frame justification for industrial action among Ugandan public sector employees.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews and documentary analysis, analysed qualitatively, as well as a review of theoretical and empirical literature.FindingsPublic school teachers and public university lecturers in Uganda who frequently engage in industrial action mainly rationalise their engagement by the absence, or the ineffectiveness of alternative conflict resolution mechanisms. The findings also show that industrial action, even in resource-constrained settings like Uganda, is stimulated more by the desire to achieve equity rather than by the basic desire to improve working conditions. It is also notable that new, often unstructured, forms of workplace militancy continue to emerge in the public sector, and waves of industrial action are shifting from the industrial to the public sector.Practical implicationsWhereas industrial action is a protected labour right, the findings of this research strongly suggest that public employees do not necessarily enjoy their right to engage, but only reluctantly take industrial action as a “last resort”. The findings will, therefore, help public managers and policymakers to appreciate their responsibility in reducing the compulsion for industrial action among public employees.Originality/valueThis paper provides a general explanation for industrial action from the perspective of the people involved, rather than explaining the causality of specific strike actions. At a time when industrial action is generally declining in the developed industrialised states, this paper sheds light on the rise in collective action in developing countries and especially in the public sector.
The experiences of young offenders (aged 18–21) on protection in an Irish prison: using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)
Authors: Hughes Suzanne , Trimble Timothy James , O’Rourke Anne 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Young offenders are disproportionately represented in the Irish Prison Service (IPS) and are a population with complex needs and highest risk of re-offending. Subsets of young offenders in IPS are placed on Protection for their own and/or other’s safety. There is limited research regarding the experiences of young offenders, and there is none on the subjective experiences of young offenders on Protection that could be identified. This study aims to address a limitation of a previous study on the experiences of young offenders in an Irish prison (Hughes et al., 2017) by providing insight into experiences of young offenders on Protection in Mountjoy Prison.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a non-experimental, qualitative, semi-structured interview design, a purposive sampling method was used, and six young offenders participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim with potentially identifiable information removed to ensure anonymity. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to interpret the data.

Findings
Two superordinate themes provided an overview of the young offender’s experiences of Protection in an Irish prison: ‘Social Order on Protection’ and ‘Adjustment on Protection’.

Research limitations/implications
Even though it is a relatively small sample size, this study contributes to existing literature and considers sentence management and clinical implications.

Originality/value
This study helps to address a gap in literature by providing insight into the overall experiences of young male offenders (aged 18–21) on Protection in an Irish prison. The findings are in line with most researches, which highlight additional negative consequences of “restrictive prisons regimes” such as Protection. This study provides information to prisons for the development of best practice guidelines and better sentence management and delivery of services to young offenders on Protection.
Terrorism, innovation and venture capital
Authors: Uddin Moshfique , Alam Ashraful , Yazdifar Hassan , Shubita Moade 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between terrorism and innovation and the moderating role of venture capital.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has used panel data from 140 countries covering the period of 2007–2016 and has analysed the data by using generalised method of moments instrumental variables (GMM-IV) estimation method to control for unobserved endogeneity among the variables.FindingsThe authors find that terrorism has negative impact on innovation. Interesting results emerge when we separated the developed countries from others. The results show that the impact of terrorism on innovation is lower in developed countries. This is due to the fact that strong institutional settings in developed countries make the investors confident by providing support and incentives. Better institutional settings in developed countries also help to reduce uncertainty, which maximise innovation and minimise terrorism risk. The authors also find that venture capital positively moderates the terrorism and innovation relationship. This implies that by providing sufficient fund for technological development, venture capital may help to reduce terrorism risk.Practical implicationsThese results may guide the policy makers to find a business solution instead of lengthy political solution to mitigate terrorism risk in emerging countries. Overall, this paper will provide the basis for improving the counter-terrorism approaches from an innovation perspective.Originality/valueThe paper has used terrorism and venture capital data from 140 countries and finds interesting results that may help the policy makers to reduce the effect and intensity of terrorism in emerging countries.
Investigating brand community engagement and evangelistic tendencies on social media
Authors: Sharma Purvendu , Sadh Ashish , Billore Aditya , Motiani Manoj 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to explore the antecedents and outcomes of brand community engagement (BCE) in the context of social media-based brand communities (SMBCs). Moreover, the mediating role of brand evangelism between BCE and brand defence and between BCE and brand resilience is examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The data was collected using a questionnaire-based survey from 201 active members of various SMBCs. Partial least square based structural equation modelling is used to test the proposed conceptual model.

Findings
The results suggest that brand identification and brand prominence are the antecedents of BCE. BCE positively influence brand evangelism and brand defence. Furthermore, the finding suggests that brand evangelism mediates the relationship between BCE and brand defence and also between BCE and brand resilience.

Research limitations/implications
The sample for this study involves respondents active on different SMBCs, which may constrain uniformity in respondents’ experiences.

Practical implications
The insights provided by this study are useful in enhancing BCE with the SMBCs. The study highlights the role of brand evangelism in actively endorsing and defending the brands. The brand manager can promote brand evangelistic behaviour through meaningful engagement with SMBCs.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature of brand community engagement by focussing on its antecedents and outcomes in SMBCs. Further, this study adds to the branding literature by connecting two crucial streams of brand research: BCE and brand evangelism. The study also explores the mediating role of brand evangelism. It enhances the understanding of consumer-brand relationships in the context of SMBCs.
COVID-19 pandemic and role of libraries
Authors: Ameen Kanwal 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose was to address the role of libraries in the worst-case scenario, with specific reference of developing countries like Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the author's observations, readings, and personal communications with colleaguesFindingsThe paper provides a viewpoint on how a developing country like Pakistan has been dealing with the situation and highlights the opportunities provided by this unusual situation. It highlights that various stakeholders have realized the need to bridge the digital divide in order to meet future challenges.Practical implicationsThe paper is limited generally to developing countries and specifically to Pakistan. It establishes the dire need for innovative approaches in library services to meet the seen and unforeseen challenges. If suggestions are considered, then the libraries may be in a better position to serve under challenging circumstances.Originality/valueThis is an original work written to address the worst-case scenario of a developing country.
Portfolio simplification arising from a century of change in salmon population diversity and artificial production
Authors: Price Michael H. H. , Moore Jonathan W. , Connors Brendan M. , Wilson Kyle L. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Population and life‐history diversity can buffer species from environmental variability and contribute to long‐term stability through differing responses to varying conditions akin to the stabilizing effect of asset diversity on financial portfolios. While it is well known that many salmon populations have declined in abundance over the last century, we understand less about how different dimensions of diversity may have shifted. Specifically, how has diminished wild abundance and increased artificial production (i.e. enhancement) changed portfolios of salmon populations, and how might such change influence fisheries and ecosystems?

We apply modern genetic tools to century‐old sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka scales from Canada's Skeena River watershed to (a) reconstruct historical abundance and age‐trait data for 1913–1947 to compare with recent information, (b) quantify changes in population and life‐history diversity and the role of enhancement in population dynamics, and (c) quantify the risk to fisheries and local ecosystems resulting from observed changes in diversity and enhancement.

The total number of wild sockeye returning to the Skeena River during the modern era is 69% lower than during the historical era; all wild populations have declined, several by more than 90%. However, enhancement of a single population has offset declines in wild populations such that aggregate abundances now are similar to historical levels.

Population diversity has declined by 70%, and life‐history diversity has shifted: populations are migrating from freshwater at an earlier age, and spending more time in the ocean. There also has been a contraction in abundance throughout the watershed, which likely has decreased the spatial extent of salmon provisions to Indigenous fisheries and local ecosystems. Despite the erosion of portfolio strength that this salmon complex hosted a century ago, total returns now are no more variable than they were historically perhaps in part due to the stabilizing effect of artificial production.

Policy implications. Our study provides a rare example of the extent of erosion of within‐species biodiversity over the last century of human influence. Rebuilding a diversity of abundant wild populations—that is, maintaining functioning portfolios—may help ensure that watershed complexes like the Skeena are robust to global change.
How prepared is Australian occupational therapy to decolonise its practice?
Authors: Rudman Megan Tirzah , Flavell Helen , Harris Courtenay , Wright Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionBeing culturally secure, respectful and responsive can mean occupational therapists can contribute to improving the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. New culturally responsive accreditation and competency standards provide an opportunity to decolonise the profession to enhance the cultural capabilities of graduates. The purpose of this study was to explore how well‐prepared Australian occupational therapy courses are to implement the new standards.MethodsThe principles of participatory action research were applied. An initial survey with occupational therapy academic staff was used to inform questions for semi‐structured interviews. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 occupational therapy academics and occupational therapy accreditors. Interview data were thematically analysed.FindingsThe four themes identified from the interviews were: occupational therapy profession drivers, effective leadership, community and Elder involvement, and course design and delivery.ConclusionThe new accreditation and competency standards are a promising step forward for the profession. However, the profession needs to be better prepared to decolonise Australian occupational therapy. A positive and culturally secure way forward is to engage Elders and other community members in learning experiences to build student, academic and practicing occupational therapist's cultural capability. Non‐Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership at all levels of the profession and within universities is crucial to establishing trusting, reciprocal relationships to support deep knowledge exchange. These relationships lay the foundation to build cultural capabilities and decolonise processes in the profession.
Vaginotypes of the human vaginal microbiome
Authors: Mancabelli Leonardo , Tarracchini Chiara , Milani Christian , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Fontana Federico , Turroni Francesca , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe human vaginal environment harbours a community of bacteria that plays an important role in maintaining vaginal health and in protecting this environment from various urogenital infections. This bacterial population, also known as vaginal microbiota, has been demonstrated to be dominated by members of the Lactobacillus genus. Several studies employing 16S rRNA gene‐based amplicon sequencing have classified the vaginal microbiota into five distinct community state types (CSTs) or vaginotypes. To deepen our understanding of the vaginal microbiota we performed an in‐depth meta‐analysis of 1312 publicly available datasets concerning healthy vaginal microbiome information obtained by metagenomics sequencing. The analysis confirmed the predominance of taxa belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, followed by members of the genera Gardnerella, Vibrio and Atopobium. Moreover, the statistical robustness offered by this meta‐analysis allowed us to disentangle the species‐level composition of dominant and accessory taxa constituting each vaginotype and to revisit and refine the previously proposed CST classification. In addition, a functional characterization of the metagenomic datasets revealed particular genetic features associated with each assigned vaginotype.
A broad view of precocious reading
Authors: Bergman Deitcher Deborah , Aram Dorit , Besser‐Biron Shira 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPrecocious readers (PRs) are children who read and comprehend fluently in their native language, without receiving formal instruction. This study examined Hebrew‐speaking PRs in comparison with a group of age‐matched peers and a group of reading‐level‐matched peers. By examining Hebrew, which is a transparent orthography when it has diacritics and opaque without the diacritics, the study aimed to expand our understanding of PRs and shed light on universal and orthographic‐specific aspects of precocious reading. Additionally, language and math are both code‐based systems, yet previous studies largely neglected assessing PRs' math skills. Studying these skills can highlight the process of reading as a symbol system that needs decoding and further clarify its relationship with other symbol‐based systems.MethodsWe examined 20 PRs who were matched with 20 same‐age preschoolers. Additionally, to compare the PRs with a group exposed to formal reading instruction, we matched them with 20 older children with the same reading level. We studied the three groups' language, letter knowledge, phonological awareness, reading, writing and math skills. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine differences between the groups on these measures, controlling for nonverbal intelligence.ResultsBeyond the contribution of nonverbal intelligence, being in the PR group conferred a significant advantage over the same‐age group on almost all measured skills. The PRs scored similarly to the same reading level group on letter knowledge and phonological awareness, significantly outperformed them on word reading and nearly on math (p = .06) but scored lower than them on writing and vocabulary.ConclusionsThis study promotes the understanding of precocious reading beyond a particular orthography. It highlights reading development as an act of deciphering symbols, thereby relating it to other symbol systems such as math. Being aware of PRs' skills can help parents and educators adequately support these children.
The class politics of prejudice: Brexit and the land of no‐hope and glory
Authors: Mckenzie Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe debates relating to social class and whether it is still a useful concept in describing a lived reality of the British population has never been far away from media, political and academic dispute. Thatcher's Britain throughout the 1980s attempted to dilute class meaning with what was called ‘a home owning democracy’ and thus end class collective politics through easily available credit for the working class while simultaneously attacking trade union organization, recruitment and political action.During the late 1990s and into the noughties a ‘New Labour’ administration attempted to exacerbate the end of class politics through an agenda of a ‘cultural distinction’ to class identity. Class struggle, class politics and class identity is embedded deep within the cultural norms practices, and history of British democracy. Consequently it is difficult if not impossible to prise class inequality in the UK away from and out of national, local and personal politics (Savage et al. 2015: 393–8). This paper focuses upon the sense that class politics, and cultural class distinction, within the UK had the biggest influence in determining a working‐class ‘Leave Vote’ in the 2016 referendum within the UK. This paper explores accounts and narratives from working‐class ‘leave’ voters though an ethnographic study of the political and social viewpoints of working‐class communities of East London, and of ex‐mining towns of Nottinghamshire. Framing into fuller context the anger and apathy of being ‘left out’, arguing that being ‘left out’ has been part of working‐class political narratives for over 30 years. Going beyond frustration and apathy, a significant part of the narrative of working people was of ‘not existing’, suggesting certain important linkages with ongoing debates about new ways of conceptualizing class differences and class structures.
Genomic analysis of Medicago ruthenica provides insights into its tolerance to abiotic stress and demographic history
Authors: Yin Mou , Zhang Shangzhe , Du Xin , Mateo Rubén G. , Guo Wei , Li Ao , Wang Zhenyue , Wu Shuang , Chen Jinyuan , Liu Jianquan , Ren Guangpeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMedicago ruthenica has been recently cultivated as a new forage crop and has been recognized as a source of genes to improve abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated alfalfa because of its remarkable tolerance to drought, salinity‐alkalinity, and cold and snowy winters. Here, we reveal a chromosome‐scale genome sequence of M. ruthenica based on Illumina, PacBio, and Hi‐C data. The assembled genome consists of 903.56 Mb with 50,268 annotated protein‐coding genes, which is larger and contains relatively more genes than Medicago truncatula (420 Mb and 44,623 genes) and Medicago sativa spp. caerulea (793 Mb and 47,202 genes). All three species shared the ancestral Papilionoideae whole‐genome duplication event before their divergence. The more recent expansion of repetitive elements compared to that in the other two species was determined to have contributed greatly to the larger genome size of M. ruthenica. We further found that multiple gene and transcription factor families (e.g., SOS homologous genes, NAC, C2H2, and CAMTA) have expanded in M. ruthenica, which might have led to its enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, M. ruthenica harbors more genes involved in the lignin and cellulose biosynthesis pathways than the other two species. Finally, population genomic analyses revealed two genetic lineages, reflecting the west and east of its geographical distribution, respectively. The two lineages probably diverged during the last glaciation and survived in multiple refugia at the last glacial maximum, followed by recent expansion. Our genomic data provide a genetic basis for further molecular breeding research on M. ruthenica and alfalfa.