bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of image processing for cultivar discrimination of apples based on texture features of the skin, longitudinal section and cross-section
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study was aimed at the evaluation of the usefulness of textures of the outer surface from the images of apple skin and flesh for discrimination of different cultivars. The texture parameters were calculated from color channels: R, G, B, L, a, b, U, V, H, S, I, X, Y, Z. In the case of cultivar discrimination performed for the apple skin, the highest accuracies were obtained for textures from channels R, a and X. In the case of channels R and a, the apples were classified with the total accuracy of up to 93%. For channel X, the highest total accuracy was 90%. For discrimination based on the textures selected from images of a longitudinal section of apples, the total accuracy reached 100% for channels G, b and U. In the case of the cross-section images, the total accuracies were also satisfactory and reached 93% for channel G, 97% for channels b and U. The obtained results proved that the use of image processing based on textures can allow the discrimination of apple cultivars with a high probability of up to 100% in the case of textures selected from images of a longitudinal section. The results can be applied in practice for cultivar discrimination and detection of the falsification of apple cultivars. The obtained results revealed that texture features can allow for cultivar identification of apples with a very high probability in an inexpensive, objective, and fast way.
Graphic abstract
Clinical benefit of glasdegib plus low-dose cytarabine in patients with de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemia: long-term analysis of a phase II randomized trial
Authors: Heuser Michael , Smith B. Douglas , Fiedler Walter , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Montesinos Pau , Leber Brian , Merchant Akil , Papayannidis Cristina , Pérez-Simón José A. , Hoang Caroline J. , O’Brien Thomas , Ma Weidong Wendy , Zeremski Mirjana , O’Connell Ashleigh , Chan Geoffrey , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis analysis from the phase II BRIGHT AML 1003 trial reports the long-term efficacy and safety of glasdegib + low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. The multicenter, open-label study randomized (2:1) patients to receive glasdegib + LDAC (de novo, n = 38; secondary acute myeloid leukemia, n = 40) or LDAC alone (de novo, n = 18; secondary acute myeloid leukemia, n = 20). At the time of analysis, 90% of patients had died, with the longest follow-up since randomization 36 months. The combination of glasdegib and LDAC conferred superior overall survival (OS) versus LDAC alone; hazard ratio (HR) 0.495; (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.325–0.752); p = 0.0004; median OS was 8.3 versus 4.3 months. Improvement in OS was consistent across cytogenetic risk groups. In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, a survival trend with glasdegib + LDAC was observed in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.720; 95% CI 0.395–1.312; p = 0.14; median OS 6.6 vs 4.3 months) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.287; 95% CI 0.151–0.548; p < 0.0001; median OS 9.1 vs 4.1 months). The incidence of adverse events in the glasdegib + LDAC arm decreased after 90 days’ therapy: 83.7% versus 98.7% during the first 90 days. Glasdegib + LDAC versus LDAC alone continued to demonstrate superior OS in patients with acute myeloid leukemia; the clinical benefit with glasdegib + LDAC was particularly prominent in patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01546038.
Non-IDH1-R132H IDH1/2 mutations are associated with increased DNA methylation and improved survival in astrocytomas, compared to IDH1-R132H mutations
Authors: Tesileanu C. Mircea S. , Vallentgoed Wies R. , Sanson Marc , Taal Walter , Clement Paul M. , Wick Wolfgang , Brandes Alba Ariela , Baurain Jean Francais , Chinot Olivier L. , Wheeler Helen , Gill Sanjeev , Griffin Matthew , Rogers Leland , Rudà Roberta , Weller Michael , McBain Catherine , Reijneveld Jaap , Enting Roelien H. , Caparrotti Francesca , Lesimple Thierry , Clenton Susan , Gijtenbeek Anja , Lim Elizabeth , de Vos Filip , Mulholland Paul J. , Taphoorn Martin J. B. , de Heer Iris , Hoogstrate Youri , de Wit Maurice , Boggiani Lorenzo , Venneker Sanne , Oosting Jan , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Erridge Sara , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Nowak Anna K. , Mason Warren P. , Kros Johan M. , Wesseling Pieter , Aldape Ken , Jenkins Robert B. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Baumert Brigitta , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Gorlia Thierry , van den Bent Martin , French Pim J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSomatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genesIDH1andIDH2occur at high frequency in several tumour types. Even though these mutations are confined to distinct hotspots, we show that gliomas are the only tumour type with an exceptionally high percentage of IDH1R132Hmutations. Patients harbouring IDH1R132Hmutated tumours have lower levels of genome-wide DNA-methylation, and an associated increased gene expression, compared to tumours with other IDH1/2 mutations (“non-R132H IDH1/2 mutations”). This reduced methylation is seen in multiple tumour types and thus appears independent of the site of origin. For 1p/19q non-codeleted glioma (astrocytoma) patients, we show that this difference is clinically relevant: in samples of the randomised phase III CATNON trial, patients harbouring tumours with IDH mutations other than IDH1R132Hhave a better outcome (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI [0.24, 0.71],p = 0.0013). Such non-R132H IDH1/2-mutated tumours also had a significantly lower proportion of tumours assigned to prognostically poor DNA-methylation classes (p < 0.001). IDH mutation-type was independent in a multivariable model containing known clinical and molecular prognostic factors. To confirm these observations, we validated the prognostic effect of IDH mutation type on a large independent dataset. The observation that non-R132H IDH1/2-mutated astrocytomas have a more favourable prognosis than their IDH1R132Hmutated counterpart indicates that not all IDH-mutations are identical. This difference is clinically relevant and should be taken into account for patient prognostication.
Primary neoplasms of the parapharyngeal space: diagnostic and therapeutic pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Bulut Olcay Cem , Giger Roland , Alwagdani Ashwag , Aldabal Nada , Stenzinger Albrecht , Heimgartner Samuel , Nisa Lluís , Borner Urs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeParapharyngeal space neoplasms (PSNs) are rare tumors of the head and neck region. In this study, we report our institutional experience with PSNs over a 27-years period.MethodsPatients treated between 1992 and 2018 were identified through our tumor board database. Data concerning demographics, clinical presentation, disease features, treatment, complications and follow-up were obtained retrospectively.ResultsIn total, 48 patients were identified. Most patients had benign tumors (67.5%), with pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma being the most frequent entities. Malignant tumors represented the remaining 32.5% of neoplasms. Concerning tissue of origin, 67.5% of neoplasms originated from salivary glands and 17.5% were neurogenic. The vast majority of PSNs required open surgical approaches (77%). The most frequent reversible and irreversible complications included paralysis of facial, vagal, and hypoglossal nerves (transient 62.5%, permanent 31.3%). Tumor recurrences occurred in 16.7% of our patients.ConclusionNeoplasms of the parapharyngeal space (PPS) are rare. In our series, consistent with the literature, most patients had benign tumors. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and/or transoral biopsy in selected cases combined with radiographic imaging are helpful to plan the optimal approach (open/transoral) and extent of primary surgery. Close follow-up in malignant neoplasms is crucial to assess recurrence early. We present one of the largest recent studies on PPS tumors treated in a center. Given the low incidence of these tumors, our results contribute to the existing sparse evidence regarding the management and outcome of such tumors.
Assessment of occupational exposure from radon in the newly formed underground tourist route under Książ castle, Poland
Authors: Fijałkowska-Lichwa Lidia , Przylibski Tadeusz A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, 222Rn activity concentrations in a newly formed underground tourist route under Książ castle, Poland, were investigated for periods undisturbed and disturbed by construction works. This preliminary assessment is based on the almost 3-year long continuous measurements (28 Oct. 2016–02 Jul. 2019) done with an SRDN-3 instrument. In detail described are radon concentrations for periods of renovation (11 Aug. 2018–10 Oct. 2018), opening (15 Oct. 2018–10 Apr. 2019) and operation and monitoring (11 Apr. 2019–02 Jul. 2019) of the facility. It was observed that after the termination of construction work, when natural ventilation returned to the state preceding this work, the absolute values of radon activity concentration decreased. The mean annual radon concentrations were higher than the reference level of radon concentration in underground spaces recommended by IAEA, ICRP, and by the EU Council Directive for workplaces. They reached 1179 Bq/m3 and 943 Bq/m3 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Cyclically recurring daily changes in radon concentrations occurred only in April and October (so-called transitional periods) and only outside the period of construction work. The results confirmed; however, that these changes need not be considered when planning the work in the tunnel. The minimum effective dose rate from radon exposure occurs in colder periods of the year, from November to the end of March, where the mean effective dose rate value was found to be 0.0003 mSv/h. In contrast, the maximum dose rate of 0.014 mSv/h was observed from April to August.
Numerical characterization of residual stresses in a four-point-bending experiment of textured duplex stainless steel
Authors: Maassen S. F. , Erdle H. , Pulvermacher S. , Brands D. , Böhlke T. , Gibmeier J. , Schröder J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe resulting shapes in production processes of metal components are strongly influenced by deformation induced residual stresses. Dual-phase steels are commonly used for industrial application of, e.g., forged or deep-drawn structural parts. This is due to their ability to handle high plastic deformations, while retaining desired stiffness for the products. In order to influence the resulting shape as well as component characteristics positively it is important to predict the distribution of phase-specific residual stresses which occur on the microscale of the material. In this contribution a comparative study is presented, where two approaches for the numerical simulation of residual stresses are applied. On the one hand a numerically efficient mean field theory is used to estimate on the grain level the total strain, the plastic strains and the eigenstrains based on macroscopic stress, strain and stiffness data. An alternative ansatz relies on a Taylor approximation for the grain level strains. Both approaches are applied to the corrosion-resistant duplex steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462), which consists of a ferritic and an austenitic phase with the same volume fraction. Mean field and Taylor approximation strategies are implemented for usage in three dimensional solid finite element analysis and a geometrically exact Euler–Bernoulli beam for the simulation of a four-point-bending test. The predicted residual stresses are compared to experimental data from bending experiments for the phase-specific residual stresses/strains which have been determined by neutron diffraction over the bending height of the specimen.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Brassica oleracea L. chitin-binding genes and response to pathogens infections
Authors: Zhu Mingzhao , Lu Shujin , Zhuang Mu , Zhang Yangyong , Lv Honghao , Ji Jialei , Hou Xilin , Fang Zhiyuan , Wang Yong , Yang Limei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Chitinase family genes were involved in the response of Brassica oleracea to Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew.

Abstract
Abstract Chitinase, a category of pathogenesis-related proteins, is believed to play an important role in defending against external stress in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the chitin-binding gene family has not been reported to date in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), especially regarding the roles that chitinases play in response to various diseases. In this study, a total of 20 chitinase genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Phylogenetic analysis was employed to classify these genes into two groups. The genes were distributed unevenly across six chromosomes in cabbage, and all of them contained few introns (≤ 2). The results of collinear analysis showed that the cabbage genome contained 1–5 copies of each chitinase gene (excluding Bol035470) identified in Arabidopsis. The heatmap of the chitinase gene family showed that these genes were expressed in various tissues and organs. Two genes (Bol023322 and Bol041024) were relatively highly expressed in all of the investigated tissues under normal conditions, exhibiting the expression characteristics of housekeeping genes. In addition, under four different stresses, namely, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew, we detected 9, 5, 8 and 8 genes with different expression levels in different treatments, respectively. Our results may help to elucidate the roles played by chitinases in the responses of host plants to various diseases.
On the correlation between human fixations, handcrafted and CNN features
Authors: Cadoni Marinella , Lagorio Andrea , Khellat-Kihel Souad , Grosso Enrico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraditional local image descriptors such as SIFT and SURF are based on processings similar to those that take place in the early visual cortex. Nowadays, convolutional neural networks still draw inspiration from the human vision system, integrating computational elements typical of higher visual cortical areas. Deep CNN’s architectures are intrinsically hard to interpret, so much effort has been made to dissect them in order to understand which type of features they learn. However, considering the resemblance to the human vision system, no enough attention has been devoted to understand if the image features learned by deep CNNs and used for classification correlate with features that humans select when viewing images, the so-called human fixations, nor if they correlate with earlier developed handcrafted features such as SIFT and SURF. Exploring these correlations is highly meaningful since what we require from CNNs, and features in general, is to recognize and correctly classify objects or subjects relevant to humans. In this paper, we establish the correlation between three families of image interest points: human fixations, handcrafted and CNN features. We extract features from the feature maps of selected layers of several deep CNN’s architectures, from the shallowest to the deepest. All features and fixations are then compared with two types of measures, global and local, which unveil the degree of similarity of the areas of interest of the three families. From the experiments carried out on ETD human fixations database, it turns out that human fixations are positively correlated with handcrafted features and even more with deep layers of CNNs and that handcrafted features highly correlate between themselves as some CNNs do.
Incorporating grain-scale processes in macroscopic sediment transport models
Authors: Vowinckel Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSediment transport simulations face the challenge of accounting for vastly different scales in space and time that cannot be tackled by a unifying approach. Instead, processes are subdivided into a microscale at the particle level, a mesoscale of a large finite number of particles, and a macroscale that computes the sediment motion by means of advection–diffusion equations. The different processes occurring at different scales are simulated using different computational approaches. However, modeling sediment transport at multiple scales with high fidelity requires proper closure arguments that interconnect the different processes. Ultimately, we will need efficient macroscale models that can readily be utilized for engineering practices covering, e.g., entire river reaches or even estuaries. In recent years, highly resolved simulations have become a valuable tool to provide these closure arguments for sediment transport models on the continuum scale. In this paper, we will review the most relevant approaches to simulate sediment transport at different scales and discuss the perspectives of four most promising modeling techniques that can help to improve sediment transport modeling. On the grain scale, these enhancements include the impact of mechanical properties of cohesion and biocohesion as well as the shape of non-spherical sediment grains on fluid–particle and particle–particle interactions. On larger scales, we review constitutive equations for the macroscopic rheological behavior of sediment beds that may decouple the relevant scales for fluid and sediment motion. Furthermore, we discuss machine learning strategies as an efficient means to derive scaling arguments across multiple scales.
I know a dog when I see one: dogs (Canis familiaris) recognize dogs from videos
Authors: Mongillo Paolo , Eatherington Carla , Lõoke Miina , Marinelli Lieta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral aspects of dogs’ visual and social cognition have been explored using bi-dimensional representations of other dogs. It remains unclear, however, if dogs do recognize as dogs the stimuli depicted in such representations, especially with regard to videos. To test this, 32 pet dogs took part in a cross-modal violation of expectancy experiment, during which dogs were shown videos of either a dog and that of an unfamiliar animal, paired with either the sound of a dog barking or of an unfamiliar vocalization. While stimuli were being presented, dogs paid higher attention to the exit region of the presentation area, when the visual stimulus represented a dog than when it represented an unfamiliar species. After exposure to the stimuli, dogs’ attention to different parts of the presentation area depended on the specific combination of visual and auditory stimuli. Of relevance, dogs paid less attention to the central part of the presentation area and more to the entrance area after being exposed to the barking and dog video pair, than when either was paired with an unfamiliar stimulus. These results indicate dogs were surprised by the latter pairings, not by the former, and were interested in where the barking and dog pair came from, implying recognition of the two stimuli as belonging to a conspecific. The study represents the first demonstration that dogs can recognize other conspecifics in videos.
Projective covers over local rings
Authors: Ercolanoni Sofia , Facchini Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe the structure of the projective cover of a module $$M_R$$

M
R

over a local ring R and its relation with minimal sets of generators of $$M_R$$

M
R

. The behaviour of local right perfect rings is completely different from the behaviour of local rings that are not right perfect.
Bespoke Turing Systems
Authors: Woolley Thomas E. , Krause Andrew L. , Gaffney Eamonn A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReaction–diffusion systems are an intensively studied form of partial differential equation, frequently used to produce spatially heterogeneous patterned states from homogeneous symmetry breaking via the Turing instability. Although there are many prototypical “Turing systems” available, determining their parameters, functional forms, and general appropriateness for a given application is often difficult. Here, we consider the reverse problem. Namely, suppose we know the parameter region associated with the reaction kinetics in which patterning is required—we present a constructive framework for identifying systems that will exhibit the Turing instability within this region, whilst in addition often allowing selection of desired patterning features, such as spots, or stripes. In particular, we show how to build a system of two populations governed by polynomial morphogen kinetics such that the: patterning parameter domain (in any spatial dimension), morphogen phases (in any spatial dimension), and even type of resulting pattern (in up to two spatial dimensions) can all be determined. Finally, by employing spatial and temporal heterogeneity, we demonstrate that mixed mode patterns (spots, stripes, and complex prepatterns) are also possible, allowing one to build arbitrarily complicated patterning landscapes. Such a framework can be employed pedagogically, or in a variety of contemporary applications in designing synthetic chemical and biological patterning systems. We also discuss the implications that this freedom of design has on using reaction–diffusion systems in biological modelling and suggest that stronger constraints are needed when linking theory and experiment, as many simple patterns can be easily generated given freedom to choose reaction kinetics.
New insights in online fashion retail returns from a customers’ perspective and their dynamics
Authors: Stöcker Björn , Baier Daniel , Brand Benedikt M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReturns are an inconvenient problem in the mail-order business, not only for the merchant but also for the customer. With an estimated return rate of 50% in the fashion sector, the seller has to deal with the expense of restocking and possibly reprocessing, the buyer, who must reship the return, and the environment. We do not consider returns to be generally bad, but rather an explicit, integral part of the online business model. Therefore, we investigate potentially suitable measures to avert or avoid returns in the pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase phases. We look at current and technological developments in return management and the most critical drivers for fashion assortment returns. The measures we investigate deliver a holistic view of the issue and target all three purchase phases. The resulting measures were assessed via an online questionnaire with 8393 participants (customers of a German fashion online retailer) to impact customer satisfaction using Kano’s method. There are clear measures that promise high customer satisfaction (such as 360° view) and a clear hierarchy regarding monetary and non-monetary measures. By applying a new method, the segmented Kano perspective, we found different customer segments, which are different in their expectations towards returns. That allowed us to conclude dynamics regarding return management. This assessment is followed by discussing the results, conclusions, and indications for further research fields.