bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic tractography‐based localization of spike sources and animation of spike propagations
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takumi , Sonoda Masaki , Sakakura Kazuki , Jeong Jeong‐Won , Luat Aimee F. , Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to build and validate a novel dynamic tractography‐based model for localizing interictal spike sources and visualizing monosynaptic spike propagations through the white matter.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study investigated 1900 spike events recorded in 19 patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent extraoperative intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and resective surgery. Twelve patients had mesial TLE (mTLE) without a magnetic resonance imaging‐visible mass lesion. The remaining seven had a mass lesion in the temporal lobe neocortex. We identified the leading and lagging sites, defined as those initially and subsequently (but within ≤50 ms) showing spike‐related augmentation of broadband iEEG activity. In each patient, we estimated the sources of 100 spike discharges using the latencies at given electrode sites and diffusion‐weighted imaging‐based streamline length measures. We determined whether the spatial relationship between the estimated spike sources and resection was associated with postoperative seizure outcomes. We generated videos presenting the spatiotemporal change of spike‐related fiber activation sites by estimating the propagation velocity using the streamline length and spike latency measures.ResultsThe spike propagation velocity from the source was 1.03 mm/ms on average (95% confidence interval = .91–1.15) across 133 tracts noted in the 19 patients. The estimated spike sources in mTLE patients with International League Against Epilepsy Class 1 outcome were more likely to be in the resected area (83.9% vs. 72.3%, φ = .137,p < .001) and in the medial temporal lobe region (80.5% vs. 72.5%, φ = .090,p = .002) than those associated with the Class ≥2 outcomes. The resulting video successfully animated spike propagations, which were confined within the temporal lobe in mTLE but involved extratemporal lobe areas in lesional TLE.SignificanceWe have, for the first time, provided dynamic tractography visualizing the spatiotemporal profiles of rapid propagations of interictal spikes through the white matter. Dynamic tractography has the potential to serve as a unique epilepsy biomarker.
Teaching foreign language grammar: New solutions, old problems
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe place of grammar instruction in second or foreign language (L2) pedagogy has always been highly controversial and although there is currently consensus that such pedagogic intervention is beneficial, numerous questions remain as to how it should most propitiously be conducted. Different theoretical perspectives have resulted in a wide array of instructional options intended to enhance the effectiveness of grammar teaching, both with respect to ensuring fuller understanding of grammar rules and helping learners use these rules in communicative interaction. The paper provides a selective overview of such “new solutions” and argues that they have not really contributed much to solving the “old problems” of grammar instruction. Reasons for this state of affairs are considered and some suggestions for how the situation can be improved are offered.
Responses of forest structure, functions, and biodiversity to livestock disturbances: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Binbin V. , Jiang Bingkun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHabitat degradation and land‐use change driven by the livestock sector are among the major causes of global biodiversity loss. Forests are crucial in maintaining biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Apart from continuing deforestation, forests also face increasing pressure from livestock grazing in the system, which is less understood compared to grasslands. Through a meta‐analysis of 156 articles with 1936 data entries, this study assesses the effect of livestock on forest biodiversity, structure, and functions, varying with livestock types, livestock density, grazing history, and climatic factors. Our results show that livestock overall had a negative impact on the forest structure and functions, reduced species abundance but increased richness. Medium and large mammals, plant communities, and soil were more negatively affected compared to other groups such as birds and invertebrates. Livestock also influenced the role of forests in mitigating climate change. They changed forest carbon stock by reducing plant biomass; however, they did not significantly impact the soil carbon stock or soil greenhouse gas emissions. Ecosystem attributes were more affected in warmer and drier regions and by single species grazing than the mixed grazing. Past livestock grazing history moderates the impacts of livestock, with the strongest negative effect occurred with a history of 1–5 years. Nonetheless, livestock activities also had a positive impact on forest management, such as reducing forest flammability. Our results also indicate the lack of studies on how higher trophic levels respond to livestock disturbances and how grazing intensity moderates the effect, which includes grazing duration and livestock density. The complex responses of forests to livestock in different conditions call for more adaptive management depending on the conservation targets and evolution history.
PTEN expression and morphological patterns in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Spieker Andrew J , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Maris Alexander S , Dehan Lauren M , Denney James E , Arnold Egloff Shanna A , Scarpato Kristen , Barocas Daniel A , Giannico Giovanna A 
Published: July 2021

AimsCribriform morphology, which includes intraductal carcinoma (IDCP) and invasive cribriform carcinoma, is an indicator of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss is a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. The association between PTEN expression and morphological patterns of prostate cancer is unclear.Methods and resultsWe explored the association between PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry, Gleason pattern 4 morphologies, IDCP and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in 163 radical prostatectomy specimens. IDCP was delineated from invasive cribriform carcinoma by p63 positive immunohistochemical staining in basal cells. Combined invasive cribriform carcinoma and IDCP were associated with a higher cumulative incidence of BCR [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.06; 2.21, 11.6, P < 0.001]. When including PTEN loss in the analysis, invasive cribriform carcinoma remained predictive of BCR (HR = 3.72; 1.75, 7.94, P = 0.001), while PTEN loss within invasive cribriform carcinoma did not. Glomeruloid morphology was associated with lower odds of cancer stage pT3 and lower cumulative incidence of BCR (HR = 0.27; 0.088, 0.796, P = 0.018), while PTEN loss within glomeruloid morphology was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of BCR (HR = 4.07; 1.04, 15.9, P = 0.043).ConclusionsPTEN loss within glomeruloid pattern was associated with BCR. The presence of any cribriform pattern was associated with BCR, despite PTEN loss not significantly associated with invasive cribriform carcinoma. We speculate that other drivers independent from PTEN loss may contribute to poor prognostic features in cribriform carcinoma.
The success of HIV combination prevention: The Dean Street model
Authors: Girometti Nicolò , Delpech Valerie , McCormack Sheena , Khawam Jameel , Nash Sophie , Ogaz Dana , Mohammed Hamish , Gedela Keerti , Nugent Diarmuid , Patel Sheel , Suchak Tara , Tittle Victoria , McOwan Alan , Whitlock Gary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 56 Dean Street combination prevention model, a strong engagement with the LGBTQI community and flexible services adapted to users’ changing needs led to an 80% drop in HIV diagnoses in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) from 2015 to 2017. We describe the service changes at 56 Dean Street since 2012 which resulted in an increase in the frequency of HIV testing, the introduction of pre‐exposure prophylaxis, earlier HIV diagnosis and a shorter time to viral suppression in those living with HIV. This model could be adapted to deliver similar results in those settings of high HIV prevalence among GBMSM and where access to technological innovation in healthcare and engagement with the community can be achieved.
Microstructure and properties of WC‐8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering
Authors: Chen Zewen , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Boxiang , Yuan Juntang , Huang Lei , Yin Zengbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, WC‐8Co cemented carbides were prepared by spark plasma sintering. When the samples sintered at 1300℃ were cooled to room temperature, the samples were sintered multiple times at 1250℃. The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of WC‐8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering were studied. The hardness of cemented carbides increased in the first two sintering, reaching 16.5 GPa. However, the hardness decreased seriously in the last two sintering. The attenuation rates of hardness were 6.2% and 2.5% due to the abnormal coarse grains. Furthermore, the crack path along the grain boundary was almost straight, causing a decrease in the indentation fracture toughness of cemented carbides. Additionally, the grains of cemented carbides were abnormally coarsened, and the morphologies of grains became unstable due to multiple sintering.
Development of real‐time fluorescence saltatory rolling circle amplification for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood
Authors: Yuan Ning , Yang Haoyu , Zhang Yunzhe , Xu Hancong , Lu Xin , Xu Hui , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a marine food‐borne pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) can cause human gastrointestinal disorders and pose a serious threat to food safety and public health worldwide. Using a portable scanner, herein, a real‐time fluorescence saltatory rolling circle amplification (RF‐SRCA) has been established for the rapid detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood targeting toxR gene. The RF‐SRCA results could be effectively determined within 20–60 min via real‐time fluorescence curve. Significant specificity of RF‐SRCA was exhibited against 12 V. parahaemolyticus strains and 29 non‐V. parahaemolyticus strains. The sensitivity and detection limit of V. parahaemolyticus in artificially contaminated raw oyster by RF‐SRCA were 3.2 × 100 fg μL−1 and 2.3 × 100 CFU g−1, respectively. Compared with SRCA by electrophoresis, RF‐SRCA has higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, and avoids complicated electrophoresis. Compared with visual SRCA, the RF‐SRCA takes shorter time, provides more accurate results and can eliminate the risk of cross‐contamination. Moreover, 236 seafood samples were investigated for V. parahaemolyticus contamination, and the results showed 100% sensitivity, 95.88% specificity and 98.31% accuracy compared with the ISO method. Therefore, RF‐SRCA possesses great potential as an accurate, specific, sensitive, rapid and convenient molecular diagnostic method for V. parahaemolyticus detection from various seafoods.
Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources show distinct therapeutic effects in hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rats
Authors: Xie Yingjun , Chen Fei , Jia Lei , Chen Rui , Zhang Victor Wei , Zhong Xinqi , Wang Ding 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as an effective medicinal means to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The widely used MSCs were from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord (UC‐MSCs) and bone marrow (BM‐MSCs). Amniotic fluid MSCs (AF‐MSCs) may be produced before an individual is born to treat foetal diseases by autoplastic transplantation. We evaluated intratracheal (IT) MSCs as an approach to treat an hyperoxia‐induced BPD animal model and compared the therapeutic effects between AF‐, UC‐ and BM‐MSCs. A BPD animal model was generated by exposing newborn rats to 95% O2. The continued stress lasted 21 days, and the treatment of IT MSCs was conducted for 4 days. The therapeutic effects were analysed, including lung histology, level of inflammatory cytokines, cell death ratio and state of angiogenesis, by sacrificing the experimental animal at day 21. The lasting hyperoxia stress induced BPD similar to the biological phenotype. The treatment of IT MSCs was safe without deaths and normal organ histopathology. Specifically, the treatment was effective by inhibiting the alveolar dilatation, reducing inflammatory cytokines, inducing angiogenesis and lowering the cell death ratio. AF‐MSCs had better therapeutic effects compared with UC‐MSCs in relieving the pulmonary alveoli histological changes and promoting neovascularization, and UC‐MSCs had the best immunosuppressive effect in plasma and lung lysis compared with AF‐MSCs and BM‐MSCs. This study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of AF‐, UC‐ and BM‐MSCs in BPD model. Superior treatment effect was provided by antenatal MSCs compared to BM‐MSC in a statistical comparison.
Native potato (Solanum phureja) powder by Refractance Window Drying: A promising way for potato processing
Authors: Duarte‐Correa Yudy , Vargas‐Carmona María Isabel , Vásquez‐Restrepo Andrés , Ruiz Rosas Ivan David , Pérez Martínez Nely 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe potato is an important global food crop, and it has the highest global consumption among non‐cereal crops. Frying is the most typical form of preparation; however, it presents some associated health concerns regarding the significant fat intake and the formation of potentially toxic compounds such as acrylamide, furan, among others. The objective of this work was to investigate the use of Refractance Window Drying on the potato pulp obtained from two colored native potato varieties (Papa Roja and Manzana Roja) and the effects of process conditions on the drying rates, as well as the technological properties of the dry powder. The drying process conditions were optimized considering the water temperature (WT) (70–90°C) and drying time (DT) (15–60 min) as independent variables, and some technological properties, as dependent variables. The colored potato powders were evaluated for swelling power, water retention capacity, and oil retention capacity. In addition, antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methodology. The results showed that the optimal drying conditions were DT = 20.5 min and WT = 94.0°C for var. Manzana Roja and DT = 12.1 min and WT = 94.0°C for var. Papa Roja. Regarding technological properties results showed similar behaviors for both varieties, in the range of 0.35–4.68 g/g and 0.80–1.73 g/g for water retention capacity and oil retention capacity, respectively. Finally, the powders obtained from optimal conditions showed antioxidant capacities in the range of 50.09–54.82 μmol TE/g, comparable values with other food matrices such as peach and grapes.Practical applicationsThis study indicates that Refractance Window Drying is an adequate procedure for the production of native potato powder with desirable technological properties, and therefore, they can be used as a food ingredient in the development of innovative food products with functional properties.
Effect of pretreatments on drying of red dacca in a single slope solar dryer
Authors: Elangovan Elavarasan , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPretreatment of fruits normally increases moisture loss and reduces the overall drying period. The combination of pretreatments and drying assures the least color difference, excellent preservation, and better antioxidant activity. Pretreatment of Red Dacca is soaked in four different solutions, namely honey, lemon juice, sugar syrup, and ascorbic acid, for 10 min. The best solution for pretreatment is investigated among the selected samples. The results indicated that dipping the red dacca in ascorbic acid and lemon juice had a higher impact on moisture loss. The moisture content of the red dacca control samples reduced from 74 to 14% on a wet basis within 8 hr, whereas pretreated red dacca reaches an equilibrium moisture content of 14% within 6 hr. The ascorbic acid dipped samples have shown the best drying rate. The lemon juice samples have the best sensory appeal, whereas honey samples have the best taste over the other samples. The effect of pretreatment on drying characteristics is experimentally investigated on a single slope dryer in both natural and forced convection mode. Pretreated red daca drying is investigated for the first time and the enhancement in performance is compared with three kinds of drying modes.Practical applicationsDue to a lack of processing facilities, the farmers have to sell their products at very low prices. Red dacca is a popularly consumed fruit and it contains various nutritional and health benefits to humans. The drying process is playing an important role in heat‐sensitive product dehydration. Solar drying is a better choice to reduce the loss and produce good quality red dacca after harvesting. In this research, the best drying and pretreatment method for red dacca is identified from existing literature. The finding obtained from this research work will help to increase the shelf life of food samples by reducing the overall drying time without altering the dryer design.
Cost‐effectiveness of a mobile phone text messaging program (KIDNEYTEXT) targeting dietary behaviours in people receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Dawson Jessica , Howell Martin , Howard Kirsten , Campbell Katrina L. , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison , Lee Vincent W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information available to inform the cost‐effectiveness of eHealth interventions in improving patient health outcomes. A trial‐based economic evaluation was undertaken aiming to inform the feasibility of conducting a mobile phone text messaging programme targeting dietary behaviours in people receiving haemodialysis.MethodsA trial‐based economic evaluation from a health system perspective of a 6‐month pilot randomised controlled trial was undertaken. One hundred and thirty patients receiving haemodialysis from six dialysis units across Sydney, Australia, were enrolled into the KIDNEYTEXT study. Usual care (inperson dietary counselling) was compared with usual care plus three semi‐personalised dietary mobile phone text messages per week over a 6‐month period. The outcomes of this economic evaluation included: cost of intervention, cost‐effectiveness and marginal effects on total costs.ResultsThe cost of developing and maintaining the KIDNEYTEXT intervention was US $110 per participant. Total costs were US $1418 higher in the usual care arm compared to the intervention arm. The incremental benefits for quality‐adjusted life adjusted years were 0.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.03 to 0.06] and dietary adherence (i.e., adherent to three or more dietary guidelines at 6 months) being 0.04 (95% CI = −0.15 to 0.24). The largest component of total costs was related to unplanned admissions to hospital.ConclusionsMobile phone text messages targeting dietary behaviours may be cost saving, at the same time as maintaining similar or improved dietary behaviours. A larger trial with a longer follow‐up time is warranted.
Attributional and consequential life cycle assessments in a circular economy with integration of a quality indicator: A case study of cascading wood products
Authors: Tanguay Xavier , Essoua Essoua Gatien Geraud , Amor Ben 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe growing popularity of the concepts of circular economy and resource cascade has intensified the need for consistent handling of multifunctionality‐related challenges when modeling multiple cycles in life cycle assessment (LCA). In LCA, end‐of‐life upcycling and downcycling effects (also known as quality changes), triggered by the presence of multiple life cycles, have only recently begun to be studied from a consequential perspective, and no studies exist investigating attributional aspects. In this paper, a novel approach that considers quality in attributional LCA is proposed. The attributional, cut‐off, open loop, and proposed approaches are compared in the form of a cascading case study. The implications of integrating quality in both perspectives are contrasted by modeling the same case study under a consequential perspective. By performing sensitivity analysis on the quality parameters in attributional LCA, we found that the integration of quality influences the results of the proposed approach by up to 15%. In the case of consequential LCA, the implementation of quality yields an influence between 97% and 138% of the results for each unit variation of quality. Comparison between the two perspectives of quality shows the same trend of supporting high‐quality cascades. However, the attributional perspective of quality accomplishes this by redistributing impacts, while the consequential perspective affects the external benefits generated by the cascade. Considering the influence of quality on the results of both perspectives, future work should focus on establishing the technical or economic properties that would allow for practical use of quality in various circular economy and resource cascade applications.
ESCAPE‐Allergy: Evaluating screening for children and adolescents with penicillin allergy
Authors: Rischin Kobi J , Mostaghim Mona , Rao Arjun , Smith Bridget , O'Brien Tracey A , Trubiano Jason A , Frith Katie , McMullan Brendan 
Published: July 2021

AimPenicillin allergy labels are frequently encountered in children and are associated with significant harms. Most children are falsely labelled and can safely tolerate a penicillin but delabelling strategies are underutilised and paediatric‐specific resources are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate an allergy assessment tool for children in hospital.MethodsWe evaluated a paediatric‐adapted penicillin allergy assessment tool, using an online survey of clinicians in a tertiary paediatric hospital, with 10 hypothetical potential penicillin allergy or adverse reaction cases (including non‐allergy reactions). For each case, respondents were asked to use the tool to assign a reaction phenotype and recommend management. We determined the tool's sensitivity, specificity and acceptability to end users.ResultsWe evaluated 30 complete survey responses from senior and junior medical staff, nurses and pharmacists. The tool's overall sensitivity was 80.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 74.2–87.1%) for assigning the correct reaction phenotype and 85.3% (95% CI 79.4–91.3%) for appropriate management. The tool had high sensitivity for identifying immediate hypersensitivity reactions at 95.6% (95% CI 90.2–100%). Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they would use the tool in their practice (22/30, 73.3%).ConclusionThis survey evaluated a paediatric‐adapted penicillin allergy assessment tool in a tertiary paediatric hospital among multidisciplinary clinician groups. The tool performed well overall and had high safety in identifying immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Further research to support implementation of allergy assessment and delabelling programmes among children is required.