bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxy, exfoliation, and strain-induced magnetism in rippled Heusler membranes
Authors: Du Dongxue , Manzo Sebastian , Zhang Chenyu , Saraswat Vivek , Genser Konrad T. , Rabe Karin M. , Voyles Paul M. , Arnold Michael S. , Kawasaki Jason K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle-crystalline membranes of functional materials enable the tuning of properties via extreme strain states; however, conventional routes for producing membranes require the use of sacrificial layers and chemical etchants, which can both damage the membrane and limit the ability to make them ultrathin. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of the cubic Heusler compound GdPtSb on graphene-terminated Al2O3 substrates. Despite the presence of the graphene interlayer, the Heusler films have epitaxial registry to the underlying sapphire, as revealed by x-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The weak Van der Waals interactions of graphene enable mechanical exfoliation to yield free-standing GdPtSb membranes, which form ripples when transferred to a flexible polymer handle. Whereas unstrained GdPtSb is antiferromagnetic, measurements on rippled membranes show a spontaneous magnetic moment at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of 5.2 bohr magneton per Gd. First-principles calculations show that the coupling to homogeneous strain is too small to induce ferromagnetism, suggesting a dominant role for strain gradients. Our membranes provide a novel platform for tuning the magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds via strain (piezomagnetism and magnetostriction) and strain gradients (flexomagnetism).
Distinct circadian mechanisms govern cardiac rhythms and susceptibility to arrhythmia
Authors: Hayter Edward A. , Wehrens Sophie M. T. , Van Dongen Hans P. A. , Stangherlin Alessandra , Gaddameedhi Shobhan , Crooks Elena , Barron Nichola J. , Venetucci Luigi A. , O’Neill John S. , Brown Timothy M. , Skene Debra J. , Trafford Andrew W. , Bechtold David A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrical activity in the heart exhibits 24-hour rhythmicity, and potentially fatal arrhythmias are more likely to occur at specific times of day. Here, we demonstrate that circadian clocks within the brain and heart set daily rhythms in sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) node activity, and impose a time-of–day dependent susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. Critically, the balance of circadian inputs from the autonomic nervous system and cardiomyocyte clock to the SA and AV nodes differ, and this renders the cardiac conduction system sensitive to decoupling during abrupt shifts in behavioural routine and sleep-wake timing. Our findings reveal a functional segregation of circadian control across the heart’s conduction system and inherent susceptibility to arrhythmia.
Prognostic relevance of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway activation in leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Tolwani Angela , Matusiak Magdalena , Bui Nam , Forgó Erna , Varma Sushama , Baratto Lucia , Iagaru Andrei , Lazar Alexander J. , van de Rijn Matt , Przybyl Joanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and the increase of glucose uptake is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In order to identify metabolic pathways activated in leiomyosarcoma (LMS), we analyzed transcriptomic profiles of distinct subtypes of LMS in several datasets. Primary, recurrent and metastatic tumors in the subtype 2 of LMS showed consistent enrichment of genes involved in hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). We demonstrated that glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2), the rate-limiting enzyme in HBP, is expressed on protein level in a subset of LMS and the expression of this enzyme is frequently retained in patient-matched primary and metastatic tumors. In a new independent cohort of 327 patients, we showed that GFPT2 is associated with poor outcome of uterine LMS but not extra-uterine LMS. Based on the analysis of a small group of patients studied by 18F-FDG-PET imaging, we propose that strong expression of GFPT2 in primary LMS may be associated with high metabolic activity. Our data suggest that HBP is a potential new therapeutic target in one of the subtypes of LMS.
A high-resolution daily gridded meteorological dataset for Serbia made by Random Forest Spatial Interpolation
Authors: Sekulić Aleksandar , Kilibarda Milan , Protić Dragutin , Bajat Branislav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe produced the first daily gridded meteorological dataset at a 1-km spatial resolution across Serbia for 2000–2019, named MeteoSerbia1km. The dataset consists of five daily variables: maximum, minimum and mean temperature, mean sea-level pressure, and total precipitation. In addition to daily summaries, we produced monthly and annual summaries, and daily, monthly, and annual long-term means. Daily gridded data were interpolated using the Random Forest Spatial Interpolation methodology, based on using the nearest observations and distances to them as spatial covariates, together with environmental covariates to make a random forest model. The accuracy of the MeteoSerbia1km daily dataset was assessed using nested 5-fold leave-location-out cross-validation. All temperature variables and sea-level pressure showed high accuracy, although accuracy was lower for total precipitation, due to the discontinuity in its spatial distribution. MeteoSerbia1km was also compared with the E-OBS dataset with a coarser resolution: both datasets showed similar coarse-scale patterns for all daily meteorological variables, except for total precipitation. As a result of its high resolution, MeteoSerbia1km is suitable for further environmental analyses.
The effect of process variables on the physical properties and microstructure of HOPO nanoemulsion flakes obtained by refractance window
Authors: Hernández-Carrión M. , Moyano-Molano M. , Ricaurte L. , Clavijo-Romero A. , Quintanilla-Carvajal M. X. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRefractance window (RW) drying is considered an emerging technique in the food field due to its scalability, energy efficiency, cost and end-product quality. It can be used for obtaining flakes from high-oleic palm oil (HOPO) nanoemulsions containing a high concentration of temperature-sensitive active compounds. This work was thus aimed at studying the effect of temperature, thickness of the film drying, nanoemulsion process conditions, and emulsion formulation on the flakes’ physical properties and microstructure. The results showed that HOPO flakes had good physical characteristics: 1.4% to 5.6% moisture content and 0.26 to 0.58 aw. Regarding microstructure, lower fractal dimension (FDt) was obtained when RW drying temperature increased, which is related to more regular surfaces. The results indicated that flakes with optimal physical properties can be obtained by RW drying of HOPO nanoemulsions.
CB1 antagonism increases excitatory synaptogenesis in a cortical spheroid model of fetal brain development
Authors: Papariello Alexis , Taylor David , Soderstrom Ken , Litwa Karen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a complex role in the development of neural circuitry during fetal brain development. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) controls synaptic strength at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and thus contributes to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Imbalances in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated central nervous system development including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The role of CB1 in human brain development has been difficult to study but advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have allowed us to model the fetal brain environment. Cortical spheroids resemble the cortex of the dorsal telencephalon during mid-fetal gestation and possess functional synapses, spontaneous activity, an astrocyte population, and pseudo-laminar organization. We first characterized the ECS using STORM microscopy and observed synaptic localization of components similar to that which is observed in the fetal brain. Next, using the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A, we observed an increase in excitatory, and to a lesser extent, inhibitory synaptogenesis as measured by confocal image analysis. Further, CB1 antagonism increased the variability of spontaneous activity within developing neural networks, as measured by microelectrode array. Overall, we have established that cortical spheroids express ECS components and are thus a useful model for exploring endocannabinoid mediation of childhood neuropsychiatric disease.
Eu3+functionalized robust membranes based on the post-synthetic copolymerization of a metal–organic framework and ethyl methacrylate
Authors: Min Jie , Lu Haifeng , Yan Bing 
Published: April 2021

A novel fluorescent membrane named MOF1-Eu3+@PEMA has been prepared via post-synthetic polymerization, which is used for the identification of common volatile organic compounds.
The correlation between tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and progression in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Guo Fan , Kong Weina , Zhao Gang , Cheng Zhenzhen , Ai Le , Lv Jie , Feng Yangchun , Ma Xiumin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTumor microenvironment (TME) plays a particularly important role in the progression, invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma (CC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are significant components of the tumor microenvironment in CC. However, the results of studies on the correlation between TAMs and progression in CC are still controversial. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between TAMs infiltration and progression in CC. A total of 100 patients with CC were included in the study. The correlation between TAMs and clinicopathologic features was studied. Besides, a systematic literature search was conducted from legitimate electronic databases to specifically evaluate the role of TAMs in TME of cervical carcinoma. In the meta-analysis, high stromal CD68+ TAMs density was relevant to lymph node metastasis (WMD = 11.89, 95% CI: 5.30–18.47). At the same time, CD163+ M2 TAM density was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.09–5.37; WMD = 39.37, 95% CI: 28.25–50.49) and FIGO stage (WMD = -33.60, 95% CI: -45.04 to -22.16). This was further confirmed in the experimental study of 100 tissues of cervical cancer. It supported a critical role of TAMs as a prospective predictor of cervical cancer. In conclusion, CD68+ TAM and CD163+ M2 TAM infiltration in CC were associated with tumor progression. And CD163+ M2 TAM infiltration was associated with more advanced FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis in CC.
Feasibility analysis and optimization design of PMSM with 120° phase belts toroidal windings for electric vehicles
Authors: Si Jikai , Gao Mengzhen , Yang Xiangyu , Gao Caixia , Feng Haichao , Hu Yihua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced with 120° phase belts toroidal windings (PBTWs) (120°PBTWPMSM), in which its armature reaction field principle is elaborated. Then, the experiment concerning the 120°PBTWPMSM is conducted to verify the validity of the related analysis and the feasibility of the 120°PBTWPMSM. In addition, a method of shifting the magnetic poles (SMP) is adopted to suppress the cogging torque and the torque ripple. After this, the 120°PBTWPMSM after SMP is further optimised by the Taguchi method to obtain the structural parameters of the motor with optimal comprehensive performance. Finally, the performance of the original motor, the 120°PBTWPMSM after SMP and the optimal motor are compared, which verify the effectiveness of the optimization methods.
Medical image steganographic algorithm via modified LSB method and chaotic map
Authors: Karawia A. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany methods of hiding information in an image are existing now. The least significant bit is the famous method used in steganographic algorithms. Medical image steganography is a technique used to make the transmission of these images secure so that the decision of the Specialist physician based on these images is not affected. In this paper, medical image steganographic algorithm using modified least significant bit and chaotic map is proposed. The main problem is that the selection of embedding pixels within the host image is not protected enough in most existing methods. So, the author used two‐dimensional piecewise smooth chaotic map to select the positions of these pixels randomly. On the other hand, all bits in the secret medical image are transmitted without losing any bit. To do that, the secret medical image is encrypted using one‐dimensional piecewise chaotic map (Tent map). Then, the steganographic algorithm is used to hide the bits of the encrypted secret medical image. The bits of each embedded pixel are shuffled before the embedding process randomly. After that, the stego image is created. The host image and stego image are analysed with the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, the mean square error, histogram test, image quality measure and relative entropy test. The stego image displays acceptable result when comparing with the host image. Also, the chi‐square attack test is performed and the stego image can resist it. The proposed algorithm can assist the sending of medical images via communication media.
A confined dynamo: Magnetic activity of the K-dwarf component in the pre-cataclysmic binary system V471 Tauri
Authors: Kővári Zs. , Kriskovics L. , Oláh K. , Odert P. , Leitzinger M. , Seli B. , Vida K. , Borkovits T. , Carroll T. 
Published: April 2021

Context.Late-type stars in close binary systems can exhibit strong magnetic activity owing to rapid rotation supported by tidal locking. On the other hand, tidal coupling may suppress the differential rotation which is a key ingredient of the magnetic dynamo.Aims.We studied the red dwarf component in the eclipsing binary system V471 Tau in order to unravel the relations between the different activity layers, from the stellar surface through the chromosphere up to the corona. Our aim is to study how the magnetic dynamo in the late-type component is affected by the close white dwarf companion.Methods.We used space photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and X-ray observations from different space instruments to explore the main characteristics of magnetic activity. We applied a light curve synthesis program to extract the eclipsing binary model and to analyze the residual light variations. Photometric periods were obtained using a Fourier-based period search code. We searched for flares by applying an automated flare detection code. Spectral synthesis was used to derive or specify some of the astrophysical parameters. Doppler imaging was used to reconstruct surface temperature maps, which were cross-correlated to derive surface differential rotation. We applied different conversion techniques to make it possible to compare the X-ray emissions obtained from different space instruments.Results.From the K2 photometry we found that 5–10 per cent of the apparent surface of the red dwarf is covered by cool starspots. From seasonal photometric period changes we estimated a weak differential rotation. From the flare activity we derived a cumulative flare frequency diagram which suggests that frequent flaring could have a significant role in heating the corona. Using high-resolution spectroscopy we reconstructed four Doppler images for different epochs which reveal an active longitude, that is, a permanent dominant spot facing the white dwarf. From short term changes in the consecutive Doppler images we derived a weak solar-type surface differential rotation withαDR = 0.0026 shear coefficient, similar to that provided by photometry. The long-term evolution of X-ray luminosity reveals a possible activity cycle length of ≈12.7 yr, traces of which were also discovered in the Hαspectra.Conclusions.We conclude that the magnetic activity of the red dwarf component in V471 Tau is strongly influenced by the close white dwarf companion. We confirm the presence of a permanent dominant spot (active longitude) on the red dwarf facing the white dwarf. The weak differential rotation of the red dwarf is very likely the result of tidal confinement by the companion. We find that the periodic appearance of the inter-binary Hαemission from the vicinity of the inner Lagrangian point is correlated with the activity cycle.
Seltene Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen und des Nervus Facialis
Authors: Scherl Claudia 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSpeicheldrüsenerkrankungen sind, insgesamt gesehen eher selten. In der Europäischen Union (EU) gilt eine Erkrankung als selten, wenn nicht mehr als 5 von 10,000 Menschen in der EU von ihr betroffen sind. Allein in Deutschland leben Schätzungen zufolge etwa 4 Millionen Menschen mit einer seltenen Erkrankung, in der gesamten EU geht man von 30 Millionen aus 1. Die meisten in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Krankheitsbilder der Speicheldrüsen und des N. facialis fallen unter diese Kategorie. Sie bilden eine sehr heterogene Gruppe, deren Behandlung sich auf spezialisierte Zentren konzentriert. Dennoch ist es für den HNO-Arzt unerlässlich, auch diese seltenen Erkrankungen zu erkennen und zu diagnostizieren, um dann die richtigen therapeutischen Schritte einzuleiten. Die Arbeit ist eine Zusammenstellung des gesamten Spektrums angeborener und erworbener seltener Speicheldrüsen- und N. facialis-Erkrankungen. Dabei werden die Ätiologien entzündlicher Erkrankungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und Tumoren berücksichtigt. Für die einzelnen Themenkomplexe wurde, soweit vorhanden, die aktuelle Literatur ausgewertet und für den Leser in Fakten zusammengefasst. Dazu wird auf die Entwicklung neuer Verfahren in Diagnostik, Bildgebung und Therapie eingegangen. Auch genetische Hintergründe von Tumorerkrankungen bei Speicheldrüsentumoren und die Trends in der Behandlung tumoröser Läsionen des N. facialis werden aufgegriffen. Des Weiteren werden auch seltene Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindesalter betrachtet. Diese können zwar teilweise auch bei Erwachsenen vorkommen, unterscheiden sich aber doch in Häufigkeit und Symptomatik. Auf Grund der Seltenheit der hier abgehandelten Erkrankungen ist es zu empfehlen, diese in spezialisierten Zentren mit entsprechender Erfahrung zu behandeln. Abschließend werden die Schwierigkeiten der Studiendurchführung und die Problematik der Erstellung von Krankheitsregistern beim Thema Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen besprochen, da diese auf Grund der allgemeinen Seltenheit dieser Pathologien besonders relevant sind.
Seltene Erkrankungen des Mittelohres und der lateralen Schädelbasis
Authors: Weiss Nora M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungOtalgie, Otorrhoe, Tinnitus und Hörminderung zählen zu den häufigsten ohrbezogenen Symptomen, die zum Aufsuchen eines Hals-Nasen-Ohrenarztes führen. Weiterhin spielen Gleichgewichtsstörungen und Affektionen der Hirnnervenfunktion für eine Konsultation eine Rolle. In großen akademischen Zentren, aber auch in der HNO-ärztlichen Grundversorgung kommt der Erkennung von seltenen Erkrankungen des Mittelohres und der lateralen Schädelbasis eine zentrale Rolle zu, da sie häufig eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit erfordern um die korrekte Diagnose zu stellen und eine adäquate Behandlung zu initiieren. Die folgende Arbeit gibt einerseits eine Übersicht über seltene Formen von osteologischen, neoplastischen, hämatologischen, autoimmunologischen und infektiologischen Erkrankungen sowie Fehlbildungen, die sich im Mittelohr und der lateralen Schädelbasis manifestieren können, andererseits soll ein Überblick über internistische Erkrankungen gegeben werden, deren Manifestation im Mittelohr selten ist.Die Kenntnis von seltenen Erkrankungen des Mittelohrs und der Schädelbasis ist für die Qualitätssicherung in der Patientenversorgung und insbesondere auch bei entsprechenden chirurgischen Maßnahmen wesentlich. Insbesondere bei untypischen, komplizierten und langwierigeren Krankheitsverläufen muss an seltene Differenzialdiagnosen gedacht werden.
The Spectrum of Maculopathy in Mitochondrial DNA A3243G Mutation: A Case Series of Six Patients
Authors: Kaisari Eirini , Borruat François-Xavier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) A3243G point mutation encompasses a heterogenous group of disorders including mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), and, rarely, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Regardless of the clinical phenotype, a specific retinopathy has been associated with the presence of this mitochondrial DNA mutation. We present six female patients exhibiting retinopathy of the A3243G point mutation at various stages.
History and Signs Six female patients (37 – 70 years old) with the A3243G point mutation (four MELAS, one MIDD, and one CPEO) exhibited a maculopathy. Visual acuity ranged from 1/60 to 10/10. Visual field abnormalities varied from minimal decreased sensitivity to absolute central scotomas. They all exhibited, at various degrees, a characteristic pattern of perimacular and peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations, with mottled dys-autofluorescence and RPE atrophy and deposits on OCT.
Therapy and Outcome The level of visual impairment depended on the foveal involvement and the extension of RPE atrophy. The severity of the maculopathy was not related to age. In the only long-term follow-up (15 years), evolution was slowly progressive.
Conclusions A single mtDNA point mutation at locus 3243 can result in a variety of clinical presentations (MELAS, MIDD, or CPEO). Ocular involvement may manifest as a perimacular/peripapillary RPE atrophy/deposit, which can variably impact central visual function (from asymptomatic to legal blindness). The discovery of such a maculopathy should prompt the ophthalmologist to complete the personal and family history, namely, asking for the presence of diabetes mellitus and/or deafness.