bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase at Tyr925: Role in Glia-Dependent and Independent Migration Through Regulating Cofilin and N-Cadherin
Authors: Song Lingzhen , Zhao Shanting , Frotscher Michael , Chai Xuejun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The adult neocortex is a six-layered structure, consisting of nearly continuous layers of neurons that are generated with large temporal diversity. During development, cortical neurons originating from the ventricular zone migrate towards the Reelin-containing marginal zone in an inside-out arrangement. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), one tyrosine kinase localizing to focal adhesions, has been shown to be activated by Src, an important downstream molecule of Reelin signaling, at tyrosine 925 (Y925). Up to date, the precise molecular mechanisms of FAK and its phosphorylation at Y925 during neuronal migration are still unclear. Combining in utero electroporation with immunohistochemistry and live imaging, we examined the function of FAK in regulating neuronal migration. We show that phosphorylated FAK is colocalized with Reelin positive cells in the developing neocortex and hippocampus. Phosphorylation of FAK at Y925 is significantly reduced in reeler mice. Overexpression and dephosphorylation of FAK impair locomotion and translocation, resulting in migration inhibition and dislocation of both late-born and early-born neurons. These migration defects are highly correlated to the function of FAK in regulating cofilin phosphorylation and N-Cadherin expression, both are involved in Reelin signaling pathway. Thus, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at Y925 is crucial for both glia-dependent and independent neuronal migration.
Titanium dioxide nanotubes increase purinergic receptor P2Y6 expression and activate its downstream PKCα–ERK1/2 pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under osteogenic induction
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Yanchang , Shang Xianbo , Ma Sai , Guo Huihui , Zhao Yao , Liu Lei , Zhu Yakun , Yu Haoran , Cheng Wendan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes can improve the osseointegration of pure titanium implants, but this exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purinergic receptor P2Y6 is expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and participates in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, it is unclear as to whether P2Y6 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TiO2 nanotubes.
Methods
TiO2 nanotubes were prepared on the surface of titanium specimens using the anodizing method. The surface morphology of the nanotubes was observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the elemental analysis was carried out by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression of P2Y6, markers of osteogenic differentiation, and PKCα–ERK1/2.
Results
The average inner diameter of the TiO2 nanotubes increases with an increase in voltage (voltage range of 30–90V), and the expression of P2Y6 in BMSCs could be upregulated by TiO2 nanotubes in osteogenic culture. Inhibition of P2Y6 expression partially inhibited the osteogenic effect of TiO2 nanotubes and downregulated the activity of the PKCα–ERK1/2 pathway. The osteogenic effect of TiO2 nanotubes when combined with P2Y6 agonists was more pronounced.
Conclusions
TiO2 nanotubes can promote the P2Y6 expression of BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation and promote osteogenesis by activating the PKCα–ERK1/2 pathway.
Poroelastic Attributes: A Real-time Determinant Membrane Nanorheology for Receptor Dependent Endocytosis of Targeted Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Kulkarni Tanmay Abhay , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEfficacy of targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles relies on several factors including the uptake mechanisms such as phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, micropinocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis. These mechanisms have been studied with respect to the alteration in signaling mechanisms, cellular morphology, and linear nanomechanical properties (NMPs). Commonly employed classical contact mechanics models to address cellular NMPs fail to address mesh like structure consisting of bilayer lipids and proteins of cell membrane. To overcome this technical challenge, we employed poroelastic model which accounts for the biphasic nature of cells including their porous behavior exhibiting both solid like (fluid storage) and liquid like (fluid dissipate) behavior ResultsIn this study, we employed atomic force microscopy to monitor the influence of surface engineering of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to the alteration of nonlinear NMPs such as drained Poisson’s ratio, effective shear stress, diffusion constant and pore dimensions of cell membranes during their uptake. Herein, we used pancreatic cancer (PDAC) cell lines including Panc1, AsPC-1 and endothelial cell HUVECs to understand the receptor-dependent and -independent endocytosis of two different GNPs derived using plectin-1 targeting peptide (PTP-GNP) and corresponding scrambled peptide (sPEP-GNP). Compared to untreated cells, in case of receptor dependent endocytosis of PTP-GNPs diffusion coefficient altered ~1264-fold and ~1530-fold and pore size altered ~320-fold and ~260-fold in Panc1 and AsPC-1 cells respectively. Whereas for receptor independent mechanisms, we observed modest alteration in diffusion coefficient and pore size, in these cells compared to untreated cells. Effective shear stress corresponding to 7.38±0.15 kPa and 20.49±0.39 kPa in PTP-GNP treatment in Panc1 and AsPC-1, respectively was significantly more than that for sPEP-GNP. These results demonstrate that with temporal recruitment of plectin-1 during receptor mediated endocytosis affects the poroelastic attributes of the membrane. Conclusion﻿This study confirms that nonlinear NMPs of cell membrane are directly associated with the uptake mechanism of nanoparticles and can provide promising insights of the nature of endocytosis mechanism involved for organ specific drug delivery using nanoparticles. Hence, nanomechanical analysis of cell membrane es using this noninvasive, label-free and live-cell analytical tool can therefore be instrumental to evaluate therapeutic benefit of nanoformulations.
Increased CD21-CD27- atypical memory B cells as a biomarker of clinical disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Horisberger Alice , Humbel Morgane , Fluder Natalia , Bellanger Florence , Fenwick Craig , Ribi Camillo , Comte Denis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Determining disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is challenging and limited by the lack of reliable biomarkers. Analysis of the altered distribution of circulating B cells has shown promise for assessment disease activity. Yet studies are limited by variable classifications of B subsets. Therefore, we studied peripheral B cells using high-dimensional tools to identify a valid biomarker of disease activity.Methods We studied B cells in two separate cohorts of patients included in the Swiss SLE Cohort Study. In discovery cohort A, we analyzed cryopreserved PBMCs from 30 SLE, and 30 age-, sex- and ethnicity matched healthy controls (HC) by mass cytometry. In validation cohort B, fresh blood from 63 SLE, 14 Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 14 Sarcoidosis (Sarc), and 39 age-matched HC were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results In cohort A, using unsupervised clustering analysis, we identified 7 metaclusters within B cells. Two metaclusters were increased in SLE and exhibited a phenotype of atypical memory B cells (aMBC): CD21-, CD27-, CD11c+ and CXCR5-. Based on cohort A results, we confirmed in cohort B the increase in CD21-CD27- aMBC in SLE, compared to healthy and disease controls. In both cohorts, aMBC were associated with the severity of clinical manifestations. Compared to classical biomarkers, aMBC showed a significant correlation with clinical signs of disease activity. Conclusion aMBC were expanded in SLE, and the increase correlated with clinical disease activity. According to our data, aMBC represents a robust and easily accessible biomarker to assess disease activity in patients with SLE.
Metasurface-based Augmented Reality Headset Equipped with an Eye Movement Monitoring System
Authors: afra tara , salehi mohammad reza , Abiri Ebrahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a metasurface-based waveguide display equipped with an eye movement monitoring system is presented. In the suggested device, the functions of the eye movement system and AR are completely independent of each other and are designed in two separate sections at wavelengths 775 nm and 635 nm respectively. In the next part, in order to investigate the effects of the shape of the waveguide on FOV and efficiency, a multifunctional display system comprise of a single rectangular waveguide with two sensitive polarization channels are designed to operate as an AR and eye movement monitoring system simultaneously at visible and IR wavelengths respectively. In both devices, monitoring eye movements can be done over the range of -24º to 24º and the digital images are displaced in the user’s FOV based on horizontal eye positions. Although the first suggested system is heavier than one, its FOV is almost more than twice of the second system. The results indicate that metasurface-based waveguide technology can be considered as an appropriate platform for developing wearable eye movement systems.
An Emotional Discrete Controller PSO Tuned and PLC Implemented for a Real Industrial Pumping System
Authors: Marques Davidson , Silva Jeydson , Lira Milde Maria , Aquino Ronaldo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of automation techniques to water pump systems, combined with modern control techniques, has been increasing the hydraulic and energy efficiency of such systems. In this context, the objective of this work is to present an intelligent method of flow control based on Brain’s Emotional Learning (BELBIC), which will be applied to an experimental workbench of a pumping system, located in the Energy Efficiency and Energy Quality Laboratory (LEEQE) at Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). The parameters of this controller are optimized with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique with minimization of Integral Absolute Error (IAE). Initial tests were performed in a computational environment so that the system’s performance could be pre-tested, thereby the dynamics of the system was modeled from real data generated in the process. The experimental results were obtained through the implementation of this control system in a programmable logic controller (PLC), which was the device responsible for all the automation of the workbench previously mentioned. The data of this workbench were collected using a supervisory system exclusively developed for this work. These data were then used to analyze the performance of the proposed control system, which demonstrated that its behavior was efficient.
Adherence to Face Mask and Social Distancing during Coronavirus 19 Pandemic. Sudan 2020-2021
Authors: Aboshanab Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives:The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic affects 187 countries which is began in China in December 2019 and spread around the world very quickly, becoming one of the greatest threats to human life in this century. As a result, preventive measures such as wearing face mask and social distancing have been implemented to fight against spreading of the virus. This study aimed to assess adherence to face mask and social distancing during COVID19 pandemic.Methods and Materials:This is a Cross-sectional observational study conducted at Khartoum state, the capital of Sudan. 1222 residents have been selected randomly to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria are: Everybody lives in Khartoum state is eligible to participate in this study. The exclusion criteria are: Everybody does not live in Khartoum state.The data was collected through structural questionnaire which include personal data and the questions which measure the adherence to face mask and social distance. And the data was analyzed by SPSS application.Results:The total of participants in this study was 1222. The majority of participants wear face mask only if it is necessary to enter a commercial store, governmental institution or a hospital (45.9%). The remaining portion of the participants wearing the mask only when they are with their family (11.9 %) or with friends (11.1%) or at transport (16 %) and at parties (6.5 %). On the other hand, (8.4 %) of the participants never wear a mask at all Table (4).The most of the participants practicing the social distancing only if it is needed to enter a commercial store, government institution or a hospital (41.5%), whereas the rest do it only when they are with their family (10.2 %), with friends (6.2 %), at parties (6.8 %) and at transport (11 %). However, almost quarter of them do not do social distancing at all (24.3 %).Conclusion:In conclusion, most of the participants in this study have poor adherence to COVID19 preventive measures, especially wearing Face Mask and social distancing. They tend to follow these preventive measures only when imposed by an authority or it is necessary to enter certain places.
Potential Change of Soil Microbial Diversity in Anticipated Atmospheric-CO2 Elevation Triggers Rhizosphere Activation: A Meta-analysis.
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pratap , Varghese Eldho , Dash Pradeep Kumar , Padhy Soumya Ranjan , Santra Priyabrata , Mohapatra Trilochan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the key challenges in present time to meet out growing global food demand without damaging environment under constant threats of climate-extremes. Enhancement of nutrient use efficiency and build up intrinsic system tolerance through soil microbial manipulation has gained significant international support to address this challenge. Impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on soil microbial diversities both at present and future climatic scenario in spatial and temporal scale is highly debated with respect to its effects on soil functioning, nutrients dynamics and crop productivity and its practical consequences on resource conservation and food security. We conducted a meta-analysis on global database using 572 observations from 202 studies to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), yield and structural (soil microbial populations) and functional (soil enzymatic activities) diversities across 22 countries and 108 crop species. Overall, our results revealed that MBC and functional diversity increases with elevated atmospheric-CO2 irrespective of temperature zone and crop type. However, data trends showed structural diversity has been gradually adapted under elevated CO2 across the region over decadal scale. Anticipated elevation of atmospheric CO2 increase rhizospheric activities and could make soil more input demanding and more so in temperate region. Therefore, to fetch the benefits of CO2 fertilization and to meet out the higher demand both plant and soil (microbes), real time judicious nutrient supply is necessary; otherwise, soil priming, loss of fixed soil carbon reserve and land degradation might threat the future food security.
Effects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Acute Exercise on Visual Consciousness
Authors: Zhang Binn , Meng Xiaoxu , Yu Yanglan , Han Yaogang , LIU Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

the effect of acute exercise on cognition covers almost all stages of information processing, but few studies have focused on visual awareness. Subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were used as an index for visual consciousness. Visual consciousness was assessed after exercise or rest. Aside from subjective index, objective speed-change discrimination was added as an index for the level of consciousness. Results: the results showed that subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were affected by acute aerobic exercise. The hit rate for speed-change detection was marginally significantly higher after exercise than sedentary condition. Furthermore, the d’ index was higher after exercise. Analysis of the results obtained for the objective discrimination task showed that discrimination speed was boosted only when subjects were aware of the speed-change. Conclusions: these results suggest that acute exercise enhances visual consciousness.
Effects of Different Mutation Rates and Randomness on the Distribution of Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Zhang Rong , Du ZhiQiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Mutation has recently received much attention on its role in the evolution and genetics of complex trait. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) distribution can be affected by mutation as reported recently, in which the same mutation rates were adopted in the transition matrix. However, effects of different types, rates and randomness of mutation on LD distribution remain unexplored.
Results

Here, we considered in the transition matrix mutations at each locus to be of different types and rates (i.e. nucleotide transition or transversion treated differently), to examine how the LD distribution between two genetic loci was affected. After examining consecutively factors such as effective population size, recombination and selection, different mutation types and rates could further change the dynamics of LD distribution. However, at the current scale of mutation rate (weak at 10−9-10−8), mutation seemed to play only a minor role, compared to recombination and selection. A simple model further showed that mutation randomness increased the ruggedness of LD curves, which fluctuated around the steady state.
Conclusions

Taken together, different mutation rates and randomness could further disturb the dynamics of LD distribution. Our findings can help better understand the role of mutation in molecular evolution and complex trait genetics.
Pharmacological Use of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivatives in Osteoarthritis Pain Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Du Ze , Chen Hanxiao , Cai Yongrui , Zhou Zongke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Pain is the major complication of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and is a decisive symptom for medical intervention. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives are optional painkillers but not widely used in pain management of OA patients. We synthesized the efficacy and safety of GABA derivatives for OA pain management.
Methods

We searched Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and ClinicalTrals.gov from inception to 13 October 2021 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of GABA derivatives with placebo or standard control in OA pain management. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed these studies for risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for RCT.
Results

In total, three eligible RCTs (n=3) meeting the eligibility criteria were included. Among these RCTs, one focused on hand OA pain management, while two RCTs focused on knee OA. In hand OA, pregabalin reduced numerical rating scale (NRS) score and the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) pain score significantly compared with placebo, and caused 55 AEs. In knee OA, pregabalin reduced visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score significantly with no recorded adverse event (AE). Meanwhile, in knee OA, gabapentin reduced both VAS score and WOMAC pain score compared with acetaminophen and caused 9 AEs.
Conclusions

GABA derivates are effective and safe in OA pain management. However, future researches with large sample size are needed to further prove the efficacy of GABA derivates in OA pain control.
Trial registration:
CRD42021240225.
Vitamin D and gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Xi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Object:To explore the correlation between serum vitamin D level and the occurrence and pathological grade of gastric cancer.Data sources:Search the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane,Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), All articles about the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and gastric cancer published before July 2021.Results:10 trials with 1159 cases of gastric cancer patients and 33387 cases of normal control patients were analyzed. The serum vitamin D level of the gastric cancer group(15.56±7.46ng/ml) was lower than the control group (17.60±1.61ng/ml), and the difference was statistically significant (MD=-8.28, 95%CI: -14.32~-2.23, P <0.00001). The patients with gastric cancer clinical stage III/IV(16.19±8.04ng/ml) is lower than that of patients with stage I/II (19.61±9.61ng/ml), and the patients with low differentiation of gastric cancer is (17.5± 9.5ng/ml) is lower than that of well or moderately differentiated patients (18.04±7.92ng/ml), and the patients with lymph node metastasis (19.41±8.63ng/ml) is lower than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (20.65± 7.96ng/ml), the difference is statistically significant;Conclusions:Vitamin D levels are negatively correlated with the occurrence of gastric cancer. Vitamin D levels are significantly correlated with different clinical stages, degrees of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, suggesting that low vitamin D levels may be a predictor of poor prognosis in gastric cancer.
Improvement of Bovine Pestiviral diagnosis by the development of a cost-effective method for detecting viral RNA in fresh specimens and samples spotted in filter papers.
Authors: Favaro Paula Melisa , Molineri Ana , Santos Maria J. Dus , Calvinho Luis F. , Pecora Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bovine pestiviruses are the causative agents of Bovine viral diarrhea, a disease that generates severe economic losses in cattle. The aim of this study was to improve its diagnosis by means of developing a RT-qPCR to detect bovine pestiviruses A, B and H; and to set a protocol for collecting, shipping and conserving bovine pestiviral RNA in filter papers. The developed RT-qPCR showed high sensitivity in detecting these viruses in different matrixes: viral stocks, semen and serum samples. Regarding the possibility of using the technique to test serum pools, it was possible to identify a positive serum sample within a pool containing 30 sera. In addition to evaluating the qPCR from fresh samples, the use of filter papers to sow bovine samples was analyzed. The sampling method in two different filter papers using bovine blood drops was a useful alternative for diagnosis purposes and allowed the preservation of pestiviral RNA up to 12 months under refrigeration.