bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pre‐Release Algorithm With a Confidence Map for Estimating the Attenuation Coefficient for Liver Fat Quantification
Authors: Barr Richard G. , Cestone Angelo , De Silvestri Annalisa 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the estimates of attenuation coefficient (AC) for liver fat quantification between 2 Ultrasound systems and to evaluate the quality measure of a pre‐released software.MethodsAC were obtained in 30 participants in this single‐center IRB‐approved, HIPAA compliant study. Images were obtained on the Philips Epiq Elite system using experimental software and the Canon Medical Systems Aplio i800 with released software. Five AC measurements were taken and the median and IQR/M were calculated. Region of interest placement was based on a confidence map. ROI was at the same depth and size for each system. The concordance was estimated using the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), the r Pearson's correlation coefficient, the bias‐correction factor (Cb), and the Bland–Altman method.ResultsThe ACs varied from 0.45 to 1.0 dB/cm/MHz for the Philips system and 0.30 to 0.96 dB/cm/MHz for the Canon system. The CCC (95% CI) was 0.792 (0.666–0.918), Pearson's r was 0.839 with Cb of 0.944, and the mean difference was 0.03 (−0.101; 0.162) suggesting the 2 methods are considered to be in agreement. Based on a Philips confidence map to determine the best location for performing the measurements, a depth of 3.5 to 4.0 cm from the liver capsule was determined, which might be significantly different than that of the Canon system.ConclusionsEstimation of the AC of the 2 systems showed a high agreement, that is, a similar trend. Assessment of the placement of the measurement box based on the quality of the measurement might be different between the 2 systems.
Seasonal particle responses to near‐bed shear stress in a shallow, wave‐ and current‐driven environment
Authors: Chang Grace , Egan Galen , McNeil Joseph D. , McWilliams Samuel , Jones Craig , Spada Frank , Monismith Stephen , Fringer Oliver 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNovel analysis of in situ acoustic and optical data collected in a shallow, wave‐ and current‐driven environment enabled determination of (1) particle characteristics that were most affected by near‐bed physical forcing over seasonal scales and (2) characteristic shear stress, τchar, at which the rate of change to particle characteristics was most pronounced. Near‐bed forcing and particle responses varied by season. Results indicated that moderate τchar values of 0.125 Pa drove changes in particle composition during summer. In winter, particle concentration effects were most affected at τchar of 0.05 Pa, suggesting dominance of fluff layer resuspension. Changes to particle size were most relevant during a biologically productive springtime period, with initiation of particle disaggregation occurring most commonly at τchar of 0.25 Pa. These results suggest that it may be more important to parameterize τchar, as opposed to critical shear stress for erosion, for sediment transport models.
3D localized lactate detection in muscle tissue using double‐quantum filtered1H MRS with adiabatic refocusing pulses at 7 T
Authors: Niess Fabian , Roat Sigrun , Bogner Wolfgang , Krššák Martin , Kemp Graham J. , Schmid Albrecht I. , Trattnig Siegfried , Moser Ewald , Zaitsev Maxim , Meyerspeer Martin 
Published: October 2021

PurposeLactate is a key metabolite in skeletal muscle and whole‐body physiology. Its MR visibility in muscle is affected by overlapping lipid signals and fiber orientation. Double‐quantum filtered (DQF)1H MRS selectively detects lactate at 1.3 ppm, but at ultra‐high field the efficiency of slice‐selective 3D‐localization with conventional RF pulses is limited by bandwidth. This novel 3D‐localized1H DQF MRS sequence uses adiabatic refocusing pulses to unambiguously detect lactate in skeletal muscle at 7 T.MethodsLactate double‐quantum coherences were 3D‐localized using slice‐selective Shinnar–Le Roux optimized excitation and adiabatic refocusing pulses (similar to semi‐LASER). DQF MR spectra were acquired at 7 T from lactate phantoms, meat specimens with injected lactate (exploring multiple TEs and fiber orientations), and human gastrocnemius in vivo during and after exercise (without cuff ischemia).ResultsLactate was readily detected, achieving the full potential of 50% signal with a DQF, in solution. The effects of fiber orientation and TE on the lactate doublet (peak splitting, amplitude, and phase) were in good agreement with theory and literature. Exercise‐induced lactate accumulation was detected with 30 s time resolution.ConclusionThis novel 3D‐localized1H DQF MRS sequence can dynamically detect glycolytically generated lactate in muscle during exercise and recovery at 7 T.
Growth and Physiological Response of Litopenaeus stylirostris Acclimated to Low Salinity
Authors: Perez-Velazquez Martin , González-Félix Mayra L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Juveniles of wild Pacific blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (mean initial weight ± standard deviation = 1.5 ± 0.1 g) were acclimated from a natural seawater salinity of 35‰ to salinities of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, and 25‰. After reaching the desired salinities, L. stylirostris were cultured for 32 d and growth, feed conversion ratio, and survival, as well as hemolymph and culture water osmolality, were determined. The L. stylirostris exposed to 0‰ died before or shortly after reaching the salinity end point. Final mean body weight of L. stylirostris held at 2.5‰ (3.1 ± 0.8 g) was significantly reduced compared with all other treatments. In contrast, those held at salinities from 5‰ to 35‰ had similar performance, with mean body final weight ranging from 3.8 to 4.5 g, showing that L. stylirostris can be cultured across this range of salinities without adversely affecting growth, survival, or feed conversion ratio. Litopenaeus stylirostris is a euryhaline organism, able to maintain its hemolymph osmolality relatively constant despite changes in salinity. The isosmotic salinity of L. stylirostris, estimated from the point of intersection between the regression lines of water salinity versus water osmolality and water salinity versus hemolymph osmolality, was 26.7‰. Litopenaeus stylirostris is an efficient osmoregulator with potential for low-salinity culture.
Characterizing the cortical pathways underlying visual trigger induced urinary urgency incontinence by functional MRI
Authors: Locke Jennifer A. , Macnab Andrew , Garg Saurabh , McKeown Martin , Stothers Lynn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsVisual triggers have long been recognized clinically to stimulate urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Current pathophysiology recognizes the importance of cortical control over micturition but there is no standardized methodology for clinicians to study the impact of visual triggers. Our aim was to develop an imaging protocol able to characterize the brain's response to personalized visual triggers, providing a methodology for evaluation on connectivity within the brain in patients with visually triggered urinary urgency.MethodsA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology specific for urologic use was developed. A 3T‐Elition Scanner was first used to acquire static structural images. These images were then used to define approximately 200 brain regions of interest (ROI) using a validated brain atlas. Then, real‐time functional MRI (fMRI) scans were conducted during natural bladder filling, where study subjects were shown randomized block sequences of visual stimuli comprised of both subject‐specific trigger images and neutral images. The fMRI scan data were merged to identify key ROI underlying UUI.ResultsDynamic fMRI scans were conducted in 10 subjects, 4 with trigger‐induced UUI, 2 with trigger‐induced urgency, and 4 with no urgency or leakage to visual triggers. No subjects with UUI history lost continence during imaging, but all four subjects reported sensations of urgency in response to their own subject‐specific trigger images. The ROI identified were the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate gyrus, pons, and prefrontal cortex. We found increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system ROI in response to subject‐specific visual triggers of UUI.ConclusionsThis information provides proof of principle for further exploration of subject‐specific trigger image evaluation using fMRI to explore causation in patients with UUI.
The risk of delirium and falls or fractures with the use of overactive bladder anticholinergic medications
Authors: Welk Blayne , Etaby Khaled , McArthur Eric , Chou Queena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if OAB anticholinergics have an increased risk of delirium or falls/fractures relative to OAB beta‐3 agonist medications.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cohort study using linked administrative data from the universal healthcare system of Ontario, Canada. Participants were all residents >66 years of age who newly initiated an OAB medication between January 2016 and March 2020. Coprimary outcomes were evidence of a hospital visit with delirium, or for a fall/fracture. We used matching weights to make the three exposure groups (beta‐3 agonist, oxybutynin, or newer OAB anticholinergics) comparable across 82 baseline characteristics. We examined both the risk during the first 30 days (logistic regression) and the risk during continuous usage (proportional hazards).ResultsWe identified 103 024 older adults who started OAB medications. With matching weights, all measured variables were similar. The 30‐day incidence of delirium was 0.31%, and fall/fracture was 1.07%; there was no significantly increased risk of either delirium (oxybutynin users OR 1.28 [95% CI 0.84–1.96], newer OAB anticholinergic users OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.58–1.46]) or falls/fractures (oxybutynin users OR 1.19 [95% CI 0.95–1.49], newer OAB anticholinergic users OR 1.14 [95% CI 0.91–1.43]) compared to beta‐3 agonist users. With continuous usage, there was an increased HR of delirium among users of newer anticholinergics (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26) and an increased HR for fall/fracture among oxybutynin users (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.24).ConclusionsCompared to beta‐3 agonists, the continuous use of oxybutynin is associated with a significantly increased risk of fall/fracture, and newer OAB anticholinergics are associated with a significantly increased risk of delirium.
Mesh superposition‐based multiscale stress analysis of composites using homogenization theory and re‐localization technique considering fiber location variation
Authors: Sakata Sei‐ichiro , Tanimasu Shin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, the accuracy of multiscale stress analysis of heterogeneous materials (unidirectional fiber‐reinforced composite) was improved by considering microscopic geometrical variation using the mesh superposition method. When analyzing the stress distribution in a composite with the finite element method considering the variation of the fiber location, updating the mesh significantly is necessary; however, generating an appropriate mesh for a large geometrical variation is difficult. Therefore, we focused on the mesh superposition method, which can easily generate a numerical FE model, even if the internal structure is complex, because the matrix and inclusion can be expressed by the global mesh and local mesh independently. However, in the original mesh superposition method, the analysis accuracy may be degraded owing to the mesh overlap conditions. Therefore, an improved method was applied to the homogenization theory‐based analysis. In this article, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was discussed by comparing the numerical results of this method with those of conventional mesh superposition method and standard finite element method. From the numerical results, accuracy improvement by the proposed approach for the multiscale stochastic stress analysis is confirmed.
Predictors of low birth satisfaction among Iranian postpartum women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mortazavi Forough , Mehrabadi Maryam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate predictors of low birth satisfaction in a sample of Iranian postpartum women.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted on 767 postpartum women using a convenience sampling method between June and September 2019. We collected data on socio‐demographic variables, maternal well‐being, fear of childbirth and birth satisfaction. We used multiple linear regression analyses to determine predictors of low birth satisfaction.ResultsThe women who gave birth by elective caesarean, emergency caesarean and vaginal birth were 13.2%, 19.06% and 67.8%, respectively. Predictors of low birth satisfaction were primiparity [Beta = −0.131, CI (−2.745, −1.021)], low level of well‐being [−0.119, (−2.514, −0.844)], low [−0.193 (−5.052, −2.568)] and moderate [−0.143 (−2.999, −1.199)] satisfaction with pregnancy, moderate satisfaction with spouse's emotional/financial support [−0.150 (−3.718, −1.595)], emergency caesarean [−0.086 (−2.713, −0.360)], severe fear of childbirth [−0.315 (−5.701, −3.911)] and long interval between admission to hospital and giving birth [−0.188 (−0.233, −0.119)].
A methodological study on the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in cognitive interviewing for cross‐cultural adaptation
Authors: Jia Miao , Gu Yao , Chen Yanhua , Tu Jinyi , Liu Yue , Lu Huiqi , Huang Simin , Li Jinjun , Zhou Hongzhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore the use of the Questionnaire Appraisal System with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in cognitive interviewing for cross‐cultural adaptation.DesignThis is a descriptive methodological study.MethodsUsing the Mandarin version of the Post‐Stroke Checklist as an example, cognitive interviews were conducted with 27 stroke survivors in Guangzhou between November 2020 and February 2021. The Questionnaire Appraisal System was applied as a codebook in focus group discussions to perform quantitative data collections and quantitative content analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight problems were proposed in focus group discussions and identified all but four of the 30 questions that emerged in the cognitive interviews. A new item was added to the Questionnaire Appraisal System for better categorization. Four categories and six subcategories of problems in the checklist were revealed.
Light‐gated binding in double‐motorized porphyrin cages
Authors: Gilissen Pieter J. , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Feringa Ben L. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular motors change conformation under the influence of light and when attached to host molecules, they may find applications as sensors and switchable catalysts. Here, we present a porphyrin macrocyclic host functionalized with two motor appendages for future catalytic applications. The compound is formed as a mixture of six stereoisomers (three sets of enantiomers), which have been separated by (chiral) chromatography. 1H NMR and chiral spectroscopy revealed that in one set of enantiomers, the two motors interact with the cavity of the host (bound‐bound), whereas in a second set, one interacts and the other one does not (bound‐loose). In the third set, both motors do not interact with the host compound (loose‐loose). The motorized hosts bind guest molecules in the order: (loose‐loose) > (bound‐loose) > (bound‐bound). They can be switched with light to pseudoidentical diastereomers, leading to orthogonal behavior in the light‐gated binding of guest molecules. Although the photoisomerization of the diastereomer set loose‐loose significantly lowers the binding affinity for viologen guests, the opposite is true for the diastereomer set bound‐bound, that is, the binding affinity increases. For the diastereomer set bound‐loose, no influence on guest binding is observed as the effect of photoisomerization on the motors is cancelled out.Key Points
We present a porphyrin cage compound with two light‐switchable molecular motors for future catalytic applications
The double‐motorized porphyrin cage compound is formed as a mixture of six stereoisomers (three sets of enantiomers), which could be separated, and by photoswitching converted to pseudoidentical stereoisomers
The stereoisomers display different binding affinities for guest molecules, which reverse on photoswitching, leading to orthogonal guest binding behavior
Empowering metal additive manufacturing
Authors: Riccio Martina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince metal additive manufacturing, and in particular, the laser powder bed fusion process entered serial production in various highly demanding industries (such as aviation, automotive, medical, and oil & gas), the priority research area of many projects and industrial roadmaps has been to find innovative and efficient solutions to current technology challenges, namely material processability, productivity, and repeatability.
Rapid visual detection of benzimidazole resistance in Botrytis cinerea by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick
Authors: Chen Shuning , Yuan Huizhu , Yan Xiaojing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenzimidazole resistance in Botrytis cinerea is related to point mutations in the target β‐tubulin gene (TUB2). Three mutations (E198A, E198K, E198V) at codon 198 account for most of the resistant strains. A rapid on‐site diagnostic assay would be useful to detect the presence and monitor further spread of this resistance mechanism.RESULTSA recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow detection (RPA–LFD) method was established for the rapid detection of methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) resistance in B. cinerea. Based on the three mutations at TUB2 codon 198, three sets of RPA–LFD primers were designed, and each of these primer sets was able to specifically amplify the DNA containing its corresponding mutation; no amplification was detected with other mutated or wild‐type DNA. The assay was optimized for specificity and sensitivity and was shown to detect the presence of 2 × 102 copies μl−1 of target DNA per reaction within 10 min. DNA from eight other common fungal species of small fruit did not yield a signal. The system worked well over a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 45°C. Crude DNA obtained from boiled mycelium and conidia of symptomatic fruit could be used as templates, which simplified the assay process.CONCLUSIONThis study developed a novel assay based on RPA–LFD for the rapid and equipment‐free detection of MBC‐resistant isolates. In combination with a simple DNA extraction method, the assay could detect B. cinerea MBC‐resistant isolates even without specialized equipment within 30 min. Considering its specificity, stability and simplicity, the RPA–LFD assay could be a promising tool for rapid on‐site diagnosis of fungicide‐resistant isolates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
On event‐triggered nonsmooth attitude tracking controller for a rigid spacecraft
Authors: Zhu Wenwu , Du Haibo , Li Shihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the problem of finite‐time attitude tracking control for a rigid spacecraft with event‐triggered inputs. The existing event‐based attitude control methods are developed from the smooth control law and can only provide at best Lipschitzian exponentially convergent. Because the nonsmooth control law shows a faster convergent rate and better control performance, a new event‐triggered nonsmooth attitude tracking controller is proposed through the emulation method of a continuous‐time finite‐time attitude controller. With the aid of Lyapunov theory and finite‐time stability lemma, the stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is given and the event‐triggered control system is Zeno‐free. Like the case of a continuous‐time nonsmooth attitude controller, it is proved that the event‐triggered nonsmooth attitude controller maintains a better disturbance rejection ability. Finally, some simulation results are given to verify the theoretical results.
A causal data fusion method for the general exposure and outcome
Authors: Li Hongkai , Jia Jinzhu , Yan Ran , Xue Fuzhong , Geng Zhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the advent of the big data era, the need to combine multiple individual data sets to draw causal effects arises naturally in many medical and biological applications. Especially each data set cannot measure enough confounders to infer the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. In this article, we extend the method proposed by a previous study to causal data fusion of more than two data sets without external validation and to a more general (continuous or discrete) exposure and outcome. Theoretically, we obtain the condition for identifiability of exposure effects using multiple individual data sources for the continuous or discrete exposure and outcome. The simulation results show that our proposed causal data fusion method has unbiased causal effect estimate and higher precision than traditional regression, meta‐analysis and statistical matching methods. We further apply our method to study the causal effect of BMI on glucose level in individuals with diabetes by combining two data sets. Our method is essential for causal data fusion and provides important insights into the ongoing discourse on the empirical analysis of merging multiple individual data sources.
The Importance of Polymorphism Dependent Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission of the Acrylonitrile Derivative: Helical J Type and Antiparallel H Type Stacking Modes
Authors: Yakalı Gül , Çoban Mustafa B. , Özen Furkan , Özen Leyla B. , Gündüz Bayram , Cin Günseli Turgut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study to analyze the structure‐property relationship of synthesized π‐conjugated acrylonitrile derivative in terms of polymorphism dependent emission and conformational polymorphism, single crystal x‐ray diffraction method, photophysical and theoretical studies were performed. The fluorescent molecule with two polymorphic structure were presented to demonstrate the effect of the molecular conformation and stacking type on the polymorphism dependent emission in aggregate state. According to results of crystallography and photophysical studies, both form of the molecule displayed aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) property in the solid phase due to the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) and favourable stacking interactions including the antiparallel H type, J type stacking modes and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. As a result, J type and antiparallel H type stacking mode with the restricted intramolecular rotation make the crystals higly emissive in solid phase. We believe that, studied two polymorphs will be best candidates for the π‐conjugated acrylonitrile derivatives in the optoelectronic field. Moreover, this study will provide an overview of the importance of conformational polymorphism, stacking type on fluorescence properties of the polymorphic structures and propose new ways for targeted polymorphic molecular design strategies in acrylonitrile derivatives.