bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of high protein diet on weight reduction and maintenance in overweight adults
Authors: Kao Hsin Nung , Yang Ji‐Hua , Hsia Chu‐Hsia , Chen Chien‐Yin , Lim Sim‐Yee , Chien* Yi‐wen 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with several chronic diseases such as metabolic syndromes, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, and gout. Dietary control and regular exercise are the cornerstones of therapies. This objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4‐week high protein diet with conventional low‐caloric diet on weight loss, changes of body composition, and rebound of body weight after intervention and follow‐up. Forty overweight adults with body mass index greater than 24 kg/m2 were recruited. Those who were taking estrogen therapy, receiving hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia medication and having abnormal liver, renal and heart problems were excluded. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, experimental group (high protein diet) and control group (conventional low‐caloric diet). All of the subjects received 1200~1500 kilocalorie per day and a nutrition‐life behavior modification lecture at least an hour per week. The proportion of three major nutrients in the experimental group was 40:30:30, while in the control group was 60:15:30, carbohydrate: protein: fat. The body composition and biochemical index were measured in week 0, 4, and 16, respectively. After a 4‐week intervention, the subjects in high protein group had a weight reduction about 5–8% and a body fat reduction about 4–6% while those in the control group had a weight reduction about 2–4% and a body fat reduction about 1–3%. The blood sugar level, blood lipid concentration, and the insulin resistance were all improved in high protein group. During follow‐up, the subjects in high protein group regained 10–30% of that had been reduced while those in the control group regained more than 60% of that had been reduced. In conclusion, we showed that the high‐protein dietary pattern is helpful in weight maintenance after a weight reduction program is intervened.Grant Funding Source: Taipei Medical University
Salivary flow rate, dental caries and body fat by DXA, in preschool children
Authors: Rodriguez Patricia Noemi , Iglesias María Verónica , Gamba Carlota Alicia , Passarini Lucas , Lifshitz Fima , Argentieri Angela Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

Dental caries and obesity are diseases related to dietary habits. Early childhood caries is a multifactorial disease whereby saliva plays an important role. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between body fat, salivary flow rate, and caries in preschoolers. Sixty three children aged 60.3 ± 12.3 months, attending a day care center, were examined. They were classified by Body Mass Index Z‐scores (WHO, 2007) in adequate (A: 50% of the children), overweight or obese (Ow/Ob: 45%) with Anthro and AnthroPlus software. Body fat % (BF%) was measured by DXA (Lunar DPX‐L, pediatric software). Saliva was collected in sterile graduated wide‐mouth containers, without neither stimulation nor food restrictions, to determine salivary flow rate (SFR).Results67% of A and 35% of Ow/Ob children had caries (Fisher's test, OR= 3.778, p= 0.0285). In all preschoolers examined SFR was in normal range values (>; 0.1 ml/min). Pearson's test showed no correlation between SFR and BF% (r= − 0.02285, p= 0.8673).Conclusionsalthough the presence of caries was higher in overweight and obese children, no correlation was found between nutritional status and salivary flow rate.Grant UBACyT CO02.
Inhibition of satiety neuropeptides is related to low expression of pERK and Egr1 in diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Han Sung Nim 
Published: June 2021

Leptin stimulates the production of appetite‐inhibiting peptides POMC/CART in hypothalamus. However, reduced expression of POMC/CART despite an elevated leptin level has been reported in diet‐induced obesity (DIO). We investigated the changes in leptin receptor signaling molecules to understand the mechanisms of decreased POMC/CART in DIO.C57BL mice were fed diets with 10% (Control) or 60% energy from fat (HFD) for 16 weeks. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of neuropeptides CART, POMC, AGRP, and NPY, and signaling molecules Egr1, p35, and SOCS3 were determined. Hypothalamic protein expression of pSTAT3, STAT3, pSHP2, SHP2, pERK1/2 and ERK1/2, and serum leptin and free‐fatty acids were determined.Consumption of HFD resulted in significantly more weight gain (29.9±0.4g in HFD vs. 14.1±0.7g in control), and higher leptin and free‐fatty acids. Hypothalamus from HFD group expressed significantly lower CART, POMC, AgRP, NPY, Egr1, and p35 mRNA but higher SOCS3 mRNA. pSTAT3 and pERK1/2 protein expressions were lower in the HFD group but there was no difference in pSHP2 expression.Results from this study showed that leptin receptor signaling pathways via pERK‐Egr1 and pSTAT3‐p35 were reduced in DIO. Lower expression of POMC/CART despite an elevated leptin level in DIO seems to be related to overexpression of SOCS3 and impaired leptin receptor signaling due to lower pERK1/2, Egr1, pSTAT3, and p35 expression. Supported by the grant from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (KRF‐331–2008‐C00305)
Hi‐Oleic peanut preload lowers energy intake and energy density of a subsequent meal
Authors: Coates Alison , Barbour Jayne , Buckley Jonathan , Bryan Janet , Howe Peter 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundConsumption of peanuts is associated with lower body weight despite them being an energy dense food.ObjectiveTo examine whether normal and Hi‐Oleic peanuts compared with potato crisps influence weight (g) and macronutrient profile of food intake.Experimental DesignIn a randomised 3‐arm crossover trial, 24 participants consumed unsalted iso‐energetic normal or Hi‐Oleic (55 vs 75% total fat as oleic acid) peanuts (60–80g) or potato crisps (70–90g), following an overnight fast. After 3hrs a cold buffet meal was freely consumed. The same quantity of each test food was consumed daily for a total of 4 days and weighed food diaries were kept. This protocol was repeated weekly until all test foods were consumed.ResultsBuffet‐compared with chips, participants ate less food (g) after the normal peanuts (−11%, P=0.02), but not Hi‐Oleic peanuts. Energy intake was lower during both peanut phases compared with chips, leading to a lower energy density with Hi‐Oleic peanuts (−9%, P=0.02). Fat consumption was lower following intake of Hi‐Oleic and normal peanuts (−26% and −31%, P<0.005) and carbohydrate was lower after normal peanuts only (−15%, P=0.03). Free living‐over 4 days there were no differences in food intake (g) but fat and carbohydrate intakes were higher during the chip phase.ConclusionPeanut consumption may help to reduce energy intake by altering macronutrient preferences.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Healthy, Reproductive Age Women Living in Mongolia
Authors: Davaasambuu Ganmaa , Troisi Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) <20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (serum 25OHD 20–30 ng/ml) in healthy women of reproductive age in Mongolia.DesignCross‐sectional studyMethodsBlood was drawn between March and April 2009 from 420 healthy Mongolian women, aged 18–44 years. Serum 25OHD levels were measured, anthropometric measurements were performed and information was collected by interview on lifestyle and reproductive factors.ResultsIn spring, the mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D concentration was 7.5 (4.0) ng/ml. About 98% of women had serum 25OHD <20 ngl/ml and only 1.2% were in the sufficient category. Education level was inversely associated with circulating serum 25OHD, while reproductive factors, diet, body mass index (BMI) and activity levels were not associated with serum 25OHD levels. Only 5.7% of the women reported consuming vitamin D supplements.ConclusionsIn Mongolia, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the spring in healthy, reproductive age women is very high (98%). Given their limited use of vitamin D supplements, women of childbearing age in Mongolia are at substantial risk of inadequate vitamin D status during the winter and early spring and food fortification and/or supplementation with vitamin D should be seriously considered.
Physiological requirements (PR) for zinc (Zn) are met with a Zn supplement but not with phytate reduction of maize‐based diets in poor indigenous Guatemalan infants aged 9 mo
Authors: Hambidge K Michael , Mazariegos Manolo , Westcott Jamie E , Kemp Jennifer F , Miller Leland V , Close Kelly , Goco Norman , Lei Sian , Krebs Nancy F 
Published: June 2021

Plant‐based, low diversity complementary feeds are inevitably low in Zn. The objective of this study was to evaluate two strategies or a combination of the two to augment the absorption of Zn.The study was a 2×2 design of low phytate (80% reduction)/control maize and a 5 mg Zn/placebo (given as ZnS047H20) supplement administered separately from meals. The subjects were indigenous Guatemalan infants aged 9 mo. The interventions were commenced at age 6 mo. On the test day, fractional absorption of Zn (FAZ) from meals and from the supplement were measured by a dual isotope tracer ratio method with food and supplement extrinsically labeled with 67Zn & 70Zn, respectively. Zn intake (ZI) was measured in duplicate meals and from the supplement/placebo. Absorbed Zn (AZ) was calculated from ZI × FAZ.FAZ, ZI, and AZ did not vary between dietary (phytate) intervention groups; therefore, data were combined in the table (mean (SD)). Data for the group randomized to receive the Zn supplement are also included:Conclusions1) The lack of any detectable benefit of the low phytate maize has to be interpreted with caution because of the low intake of maize at this age. 2) Zn absorption from complementary foods (breast milk Zn not included) was ≤ 50% of the estimated physiological requirement (PR, 0.84 mg/d, Institute of Medicine). 3) Mean AZ of supplement alone provided a comfortable margin above the estimated PR.Supported by Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH #HD040657.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in the Nile rat by palm fruit juice
Authors: Bolsinger Julia , Pronczuk Andrzej , Hayes KC 
Published: June 2021

Diet‐related metabolic disorders are on the rise globally, and plant‐derived antioxidants may moderate these conditions. Palm fruit juice (PFJ) contains unique polyphenols with biological impact against various chronic diseases (Brit J Nutr 106:1664, 2011), including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome in the Nile rat (NR). To examine these relationships, 84 male Wildtype NR were fed diabetogenic diets, as lab chow (#5020) or semipurified diets (CHO:fat:protein %En=70:10:20 or 40:43:17), in 4 experiments, with PFJ provided as a drink or mixed into the diet up to 1800ppm (GAE equiv). Body wt as well as random and fasting glucose were assessed for up to 6mo along with terminal organ weights, insulin, and plasma lipids to quantify T2DM. PFJ decreased blood glucose in all 4 experiments, and the anti‐diabetogenic effect correlated with polyphenol intake. PFJ was effective both as a drink and mixed into the diet, exerting positive effects on circulating insulin and liver, kidney and pancreas weight, without any observed negative effects. Data suggest mechanisms of preventing hyperglycemia may include reduced intestinal glucose absorption and/or stimulation of insulin secretion by protecting against ROS to preserve mitochondrial function (see related abstracts).Funding source: Foster Biomed Res Lab and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board
Hepatoprotective effect of garcinol on dimethylnitrosamine‐induced experimental liver fibrosis
Authors: Cheng An‐Chin , Lee Ming‐Fen , Pan Min‐Hsiung , Tsai Chen‐yu , Chen Ming‐Dian 
Published: June 2021

Dietary factors play an important role in human health, which are often associated with the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative from Garcinia indica and other related species. Many studies have indicated that garcinol is a pleiotropic agent, whose functions might include antioxidant, scavenger of free radicals, and inhibition of inflammation. Previous studies indicated that garcinol can modulate several cell signaling pathways, including apoptosis and cancer development. This study was to investigate the effect of garcinol on liver fibrosis. Sprague‐Dawley rats were intraperitoneally given dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) (10 mg/kg) three days per week for four weeks. Garcinol (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily. Liver function, morphology, histochemistry, and fibrotic parameters were examined. Garcinol supplementation alleviated the DMN‐induced damage, including the change of the expression levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, histopathological status, and multiple fibrotic indexes. These data demonstrated that garcinol exhibited hepatoprotective effects on experimental liver fibrosis, presumably through mediating TGFβ/Smad signaling.This work was supported by the grants, NSC100–2313‐B‐309–003 to An‐Chin Cheng and NSC101–2320‐B‐309–001 to Ming‐Fen Lee, from National Science Council (Taiwan, ROC).
Yerba‐Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract prevents the liver against ethanol‐induced liver injury in rats.
Authors: Kojima‐Yuasa Akiko , Tamura Akiko , Sasaki Mio , Yamashita Haruka , Saku Taro , Hikima Tadamasa , Tabuchi Masaki , Munakata Hiroshi , Matsui‐Yuasa Isao 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionYerba–Mate is popular tea beverage produced and consumed in South America. Ethanol metabolism‐associated oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The objective of this study was to reveal the protective effect of a Yerba–Mate tea extract on ethanol‐induced liver injury.MethodsIsolated hepatocytes were cultured with or without 100 mM ethanol. An extract of Yerba‐Mate tea (EMT) was added to the culture medium with ethanol simultaneously. Male Wistar rats were fed a diet with or without 0.005% or 0.02% EMT. Animals were given drinking water containing ethanol 5% (v/v) together with two doses of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg BW, i.p.) weekly for 3 weeks.ResultsIn the cultured hepatocytes, EMT treatment suppressed the ethanol‐induced increase in cell death by inhibiting cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity, which is related to the production of reactive oxygen species. We examined the effects of EMT on serum ALT activity and the progression of liver fibrosis in rats treated with ethanol and CCl4. EMT treatment suppressed plasma ALT activity in the ethanol‐ and CCl4‐treated rats. Furthermore, EMT treatment decreased CYP2E1 expression and increased ADH expression in the ethanol‐ and CCl4‐treated rats. EMT treatment protected the rats against ethanol‐ and CCl4‐induced liver injury.ConclusionEMT may be a candidate for preventing ethanol‐induced liver injury.
Blackberries decrease DNA damage after 3 h, but not after 6 d, in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Nicastro Holly L. , Clevidence Beverly A. , Charron Craig S. , Gebauer Sarah K. , Dawson Harry D. , Cooke Marcus S. , Mistry Vilas , Singh Raj , Milner John A. , Novotny Janet A. 
Published: June 2021

This controlled feeding intervention investigated the effect of dietary blackberries on DNA damage in humans. Healthy adults (n=51, age≥40) consumed a wash‐in diet for 3 d followed by an intervention diet on which they were randomized to receive either 300 g blackberries or an isocaloric gelatin control at breakfast for 6 d. Urinary 8‐oxo‐7′8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) excretion was determined by UHPLC‐MS/MS and values were normalized to urine specific gravity. Mean 8‐oxodG values were 29% lower 3 h after blackberry consumption compared to fasting (14.6±9.6 at 0 h, 11.3±8.7 pmol/mL at 3, P=0.043), and were 24% higher 3 h after gelatin consumption (13.5±10.1 at 0 h, 16.7±13.3 at 3, P=0.013). On d 6 there were no significant differences in 8‐oxodG excretion in either group compared to baseline (11.6±7.1 pmol/mL, P=0.44 control; 14.4±9.3, P=0.67 berries), and 8‐oxodG values increased non‐significantly in both groups 3 h after treatment (15.4±11.4 pmol/mL, P=0.07 control; 18.3±16.9, P=0.29 berries). Age, sex, and BMI were not associated with treatment effects. These findings demonstrate that blackberries may be effective against short‐term DNA damage but this effect appeared to disappear after 6 d. Mechanisms for the long‐term acclimation to berry feeding are currently under investigation.Support: NIH/USDA
Prebiotic short chain fructooligosaccharides increase butyrate but not short chain fatty acid receptor or transporter mRNA in an intestinal failure piglet model
Authors: Barnes Jennifer L. , Fahey George C. , Tappenden Kelly A. 
Published: June 2021

Butyratre, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) increases intestinal adaptation but the association with SCFA receptors and transporters in intestinal failure (IF) is unknown. We hypothesized that prebiotic supplementation would increase butyrate, FFAR2, FFAR3, MCT1 and SMCT1 mRNA in an IF piglet model. Neonatal piglets (n=87) underwent an 80% jejunoileal resection and placement of a jugular catheter. Piglets received 80% parenteral and 20% enteral nutrition (EN) for 1, 3 or 7 days (d). Control (con) received unsupplemented EN, prebiotic (pre) 10 g/L EN short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), probiotic (pro) 1×109 CFU LGG, and synbiotic (syn) received scFOS + LGG. SCFA, ileum and colon mRNA were analyzed as a randomized block design and considered significant at p≤0.05.Pre increased butyrate vs. con independent of time (p=0.05), while other SCFA did not differ. Ileal FFAR2 and FFAR3 mRNA were greatest in the pre and pro group vs. con on d1 (p=0.01 and 0.01). By d7, pro was greater than pre and syn but similar to con for FFAR2 and FFAR3 (p=0.03 and <0.01). Ileal MCT1 and SMCT1 mRNA increased in all groups vs. con on d1 (p=0.01 and 0.01). On d7, ileal MCT1 mRNA was greater in all groups vs. syn (p<0.01). Colon mRNA levels were not significantly impacted by treatment. This study shows that scFOS increases butyrate in a pediatric IF model, but that SCFA receptor and transporter mRNA levels are influenced by other factors.Grant Funding Source: NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award 5T32 DK59802
Supplementation of commercial pig feed with palm oil during pregnancy downregulates genes related to development and permeability in the offspring small intestine
Authors: Astbury Stuart Mark , Bell Rhonda C , Mostyn Alison , Sharkey Don , Symonds Michael E 
Published: June 2021

The passage of microbes from the gut flora into the systemic circulation via increased intestinal permeability has been linked to inflammation of adipose tissue and the onset of obesity. A porcine model of a maternal high‐fat diet (mHF) consumed during pregnancy, compared to a control diet (mC) was used to test the hypothesis that a high‐fat diet during pregnancy will adversely affect offspring gut development.Expression of claudin‐4 (CLDN‐4), occludin (OCLN) and zonulin‐1 (ZO‐1) were used as markers of epithelial tight junction permeability. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) was used as a marker of intestinal development. mRNA expression was measured using qPCR. Tissue was taken at 7d, and offspring were grouped by maternal diet and birth weight: mC median (n=6), mC small (n=7), mHF median (n=8), mHF small (n=7).Offspring birth weights were not affected by maternal diet, but mHF offspring had a significantly increased fractional growth rate from 0–7d (p<0.05). EGFr, CLDN‐4 and OCLN mRNA expression was 50% lower in mHF piglets (p<0.05). ZO‐1 expression was unaffected by maternal diet.These findings show that a high‐fat diet during pregnancy may increase intestinal permeability in the offspring, and adversely affect intestinal development. These changes may predispose to the inflammation of adipose tissue and the onset of obesity.Funding sources: NSERC, University of Nottingham.
Continuous exhaled breath carbon isotope analysis for early detection of sepsis
Authors: Butz Daniel Elmer , Morello Samantha L , Sand Jordan , Boriosi Juan P , Holland G. Neil , Cook Mark E 
Published: June 2021

Approximately 750,000 people develop sepsis each year with more than 215,000 deaths. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of sepsis is critical to improving outcome.The exhaled breath delta value (i.e. 13CO2/12CO2 ratio) is a biomarker for the acute phase response (APR) to endotoxin. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the breath delta value is a leading marker for the onset of infection in a porcine sepsis model.Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Briefly, pigs were anesthetized and positive pressure ventilation was established. The animal was instrumented for invasive blood pressure monitoring, cardiac output measurements, and blood sampling. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, blood oxygen saturation, temperature, blood glucose, end tidal CO2, and breath delta value were monitored once every 15 minutes.Sepsis caused an increase in body temperature between 6 and 15 hours after onset. Other physiological parameters did not change from baseline until vascular hypotension was observed and cardiac parameters deteriorated. The breath delta value decreased from baseline 6 to 10 hours after onset and preceded changes in body temperature, cardiac and vascular parameters by a minimum of 4 hours.These data show that the breath delta value is a leading indicator of infection in peritoneal sepsis when compared to other physiological parameters.Research supported by a Wisconsin Innovation and Economic Development Research Grant.
Compositional differences in commercial available prothrombin complex concentrates and their activation by tissue factor
Authors: Kahn Daniel , Hoppensteadt Debra , Harenberg Job , Fareed Jawed , Only Arthur 
Published: June 2021

Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC) are widely used for hemostatic indications. The relative hemostatic efficacy of each concentrate differs due to their composition. We utilized Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of these agents prior to and after activation with tissue factor.Materials and MethodBeriplex®, Cofact®, Octaplex®, Profilnine® and Prothromplex®; along with older lots of Feiba®, Konyne® and Preconativ® were obtained from various vendors. Each of these agents was activated with RecombiPlasTin® and the proteomic profile was obtained in the MW ranges of 0–150 kDa.ResultsThe native PCCs exhibited prominent peaks at 72 kDa, 67 kDa, 59 kDa, 43 kDa and 36 kDa. Upon activation the 72 kDa peak is diminished and a prominent peak is generated in all PCCs at 36–37 kDa. In the MW range of 3 kDa – 20 kDa prominent peaks at varying intensity at 13.9 kDa were noted and a minor peak at 10.5 kDa in the native PCCs. Upon activation a novel peak at 12.6 kDa is generated along with several other fragments below 9 kDa.ConclusionsDespite standardization PCCs exhibit wide compositional variations in terms of prothombin content (native) and generated thrombin. Moreover upon activation the consumption of prothrombin and the generation of thrombin also exhibit wide variations as evident by peaks at 36–37 kDa and the generation of the 12.6 kDa peak.