bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-B-16 Recovery of live cells from refrigerated sheep skin after different days of cold storage
Authors: Singh Mahipal , Ma Xiaoling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cryopreservation of tissues from domesticated and wild relatives has been suggested to conserve genetic diversity. Ensuring that the tissues have live cells prior to preservation, especially in postmortem tissues, is an essential stem for success. How long cells live after clinical death is not precisely known in animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the limits of cell survival in sheep skin stored at 4°C postmortem. Ear skin was procured from six random but healthy slaughtered animals and stored at 4°C in the lab. Ten explants (2–3 mm2) were cultured from each animal in DMEM media with 10% FBS, 50 units/mL of penicillin, 50 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 2.5 µg/mL of fungizone on two 60 mm dishes after 0, 10, 20, 27, 30, 35, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 days of storage. Outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells around the explants was scored after 10 days of culture in a CO2 incubator. Results show outgrowth of cells up to 65 days of postmortem storage. Out of 476 explants adhered to dish surface, 374 (78.58%) exhibited outgrowth. The number of outgrowing cells decreased with increasing postmortem storage time interval. To test the differences between cell cultures obtained from postmortem fresh and stored tissues, we established secondary cultures from primary cells of 0-dpm and 65-dpm time points from selected cell lines. Both cultures exhibited similar growth morphology and growth curve, could be cryopreserved with &gt;80% post freezing cell viability, lasted in cultures up to 35 passages, and expressed GFP gene upon transfection with a GFP gene containing plasmid vector. The karyotype analysis of 65-dpm tissue derived cells revealed a normal female karyotype without any genetic aberrations. These results suggest that normal proliferative cells can be recovered from sheep skin up to about 2 months postmortem, if kept refrigerated.
PSXVI-16 The quality of cows’ oocyte derived at different timing regimens of transvaginal follicular puncture
Authors: Chinarov Roman , Singina Galina , Taradajnik Nikolay , Pozyabin Sergey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recovery of oocytes from live animals through ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration (Ovum Pick-Up, OPU) is an essential element of modern livestock development. The aim of our work was to study the effect of two different timing regimens on the quality of oocytes, recovered from cycled Simmental heifers (n = 4). Follicle aspirations were performed once a week (1/w) or twice a week (2/w). The same donor animals were used for each timing regimens. 228 and 224 follicles were aspirated at 2/w and 1/w regimen, respectively, and 280 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered (140 COCs at each of timing regimen), which corresponds to the recovery rate of 61.4±5.9% and 62.1±6.3%. On average, 4.4 oocytes were received from each donor per session. We observed a significant increase by 1.2 times (P &lt; 0.05) of the proportion of OPU-oocytes of good quality, which were characterized by normal morphology, when performing the procedure in the 2/w compared to 1/w regimen (65.7±4.0% vs. 53.6±3.0% of the total number of recovered oocytes, respectively). The proportion of oocytes at the MII stage of meiosis after 24 hours of maturation was similar in both groups: 73.3±5.6% (2/w regimen) and 74.7±2.4% (1/w regimen). Proportion of oocytes with signs of apoptotic changes was also not significantly differed between the groups: 8.0±3.1 and 9.8±3.3%, respectively. We did not observe the effect of the frequency of OPU sessions on the embryo cleavage rate (on average 63.5%) and the blastocysts development rate (on average 16.7%). Our data will be used to optimize the timing regimen of oocyte retrieval from living Simmental donor heifers. The studies were performed under financial support of the RFBR (project No. 20-316-90003) and the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
PSV-B-19 Dietary choline supplementation increases transmethylation through the one-carbon cycle in overweight cats
Authors: Rankovic Alexandra , Godfrey Hannah , Grant Caitlin E , Shoveller Anna-Kate , Bakovic Marica , Kirby Gordon , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dose-response relationship between dietary choline intake and one-carbon cycle activity in overweight cats at maintenance energy requirements. This study was approved by the University of Guelph Animal Care Committee (AUP#4118). Overweight (body condition score:≥6/9) adult male neutered cats (n = 14) received each of five choline chloride doses individually for three weeks in a 5x5 latin square design. Doses were based on body weight (BW) and the daily recommended allowance (RA) for choline for adult cats (63 mg/kg BW0.67). Doses were: 2xRA (126 mg/kg BW0.67), 4xRA (252 mg/kg BW0.67), 6xRA (378 mg/kg BW0.67), 8xRA (504 mg/kg BW0.67), and control (no additional choline). Choline was administered onto the commercial extruded cat food (3620 mg choline/kg diet), given once a day at maintenance energy requirements (130 kcal/kg BW0.4). Fasted serum samples were analyzed for metabolomics through quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) at the end of each period. Data was analyzed using proc GLIMMIX in SAS, with group and period as the random effects, and dose as the fixed effect. Statistical significance was considered at P &lt; 0.05. Tukey’s post-hoc test was performed to assess multiple comparisons. Choline at 6x and 8x RA appears to increase transmethylation through the one-carbon cycle, as suggested by increased serum betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG) and methionine (P &lt; 0.05). Carnitine, methylated by s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), increased (P &lt; 0.05). Serine and threonine, precursors for the biosynthesis of homocysteine, appear to have been spared (P &lt; 0.05). Supplemental dietary choline (6x and 8xRA) may be beneficial for overweight cats, as it may increase activity of the one-carbon cycle and methyl status; which are necessary for hepatic function. To better understand the impact of choline on methylation reactions, the quantification of specific proteins, gene expression and/or conversion rates is required.
PSVII-23 Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quercus cortex extract in the carp feeding system
Authors: Miroshnikova Mariya , Miroshnikova Elena , Sizentsov Alexey , Arinzhanov Azamat , Kilyakova Yuliya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the most promising ways to improve the effectiveness of fish farming is the use of phytobiotics in the diet of fish. On this basis, we set the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Quercus cortex extract in the concentration of 1 mg/kg on biological features and the productivity of carp. The object of the research was yearling carp grown in the conditions of Orenburgskiy Osetr LLC. Two groups (n = 20) were formed by the method of analogs to conduct the research. After the adaption period (7 days), the groups came to the experimental period (35 days). The feed KRK-110–1 produced by PJSC Orenburg Combined-Feed Plant was used as the basal diet. The live fish were monitored weekly by individual weighing during the accounting period. The elemental composition was determined by the method of atomic emission and mass spectrometry (ICP-AES and ICP-MS). The microflora analysis was carried out by the method of metagenomic sequencing. The use of the Quercus cortex extract in the diet in the studied concentration increased body weight by 15.1% (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. There was experimentally revealed a stimulating effect on the population growth of individual representatives of the microbiome (Luteolibacter, Lactococcus) (P ≤ 0.05) without significantly changing the overall picture of the microbial profile, which, in our view, affects the metabolic processes, in particular, by stimulating the formation of biologically available forms of essential elements and their subsequent accumulation in the tissues of the studied fish. Thus, the experimental group found: (against the background of an increase in the total mineralization (ash residue) by 17.95 % (P ≤ 0.05)) the calcium content increased by 133.9% (P ≤ 0.05), phosphorus by 83% (P ≤ 0.05), iron by 337.7% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control group.
PSXI-17 Performance of beef cattle overwintered on bale-grazed pasture or in a dry lot in south-central North Dakota
Authors: Undi Michael , Sedivec Kevin K K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The performance of beef cows managed in two overwintering environments, bale-grazed pasture or dry lot pens, was evaluated in a study conducted over four winters, from 2016 to 2019. Non-lactating pregnant Angus cows (2016, n = 32, body weight [BW] = 599 ± 68 kg; 2017, n = 40, BW = 620 ± 59 kg; 2018, n = 40, BW = 643 ± 47; 2019, n = 40, BW = 624 ± 30) were divided into four groups of similar body weight and randomly assigned to either bale grazing paddocks or dry lot pens. Cows in both housing scenarios were fed the same hay (7.5% CP; 51.7% TDN). Two-day body weights were taken at the start and end of the study. Two independent observers assigned body condition score (BCS) using a 9-point system (1 = emaciated, 9 = obese at the start and end of the study. Keeping cows on pasture or in dry lot pens did not influence (P &gt; 0.05) final BW and BCS. However, daily gains and BCS change were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in bale-grazed cows relative to cows kept in dry lot pens. Birth weights, weaning weights and daily gains of calves from cows kept in the two overwintering environments were similar (P &gt; 0.05). This study suggests that there are no advantages to keeping cows in dry lot pens in winter as long as cows are protected from wind and have adequate access to water and feed. In certain situations, such as in blizzards, it may be an advantage to keep cows on pasture where they can access feed since challenging weather conditions can prevent access to cows in dry lot pens.
PSXI-21 Soil emission of carbon dioxide and behavior of microorganisms in soils of Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Nagiyeva Aliya , Sergaliyev Nurlan , Bissembayev Anuarbek T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kazakhstan Western ecosystems are intensively used in agricultural production. Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from soils, especially CO2, is important. In the upper stages, microbiology, characteristics and condition of the soil change. Biological intensity indicators are soil respiration processes, numerous microbiocenoses species composition. Soil CO2 emissions were measured 5 times monthly during three years. The CO2 flow rate from soil surface is measured by a closed dynamic chamber method with Li-8100A field respirometer. Metagenomic soil testing used bacteria DNA, archaea, real-time PCR, 16SrRNA sequencing. The soil CO2 monthly dynamics fluxes varied among the lands, within the season. In 2020, the CO2 emissions soil peak noted in the pasture. There is a slight decline in summer with a decrease towards the cold season. Comparison between the CO2 flux pasture soils is less in virgin soil. The minimum CO2 flux was recorded in November - February; in the spring, the flux increases. The above CO2 emissions were recorded in summer. In soils, there is wide variety of microorganisms with opposite and incompatible properties for one habitat. The microbial communities structure identified at the family level. The taxonomic samples structure ominated by phylae - Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria. The spread explained by increased actinomycetes resistance characteristic to low moisture content with long dry period. For comparative evaluation microbial communities results comparing by cenoses of upper horizons with dark chestnut soil indicators. This violation caused microorganisms resistance to disturbing factors. On anthropogenically disturbed saline soils, the bacteria found were specific and resistant to critical conditions. CO2 emission in soil varied cenosis type. The CO2 intensity factors were precipitation deficit, high temperature. The profile microorganisms distribution corresponded to the soil horizons humus content. During summer soil drying, the deep soil horizons abundance occurred where moisture is retained.
PSII-B-27 miRNA transcriptome of lamb skeletal muscle during hypertrophic growth from mid-gestation to market weight
Authors: Greene Maslyn A , Britt Jessica , Justice S Maggie M , Duckett Susan K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the miRNA transcriptome of the longissimus muscle during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Longissimus samples were collected from Suffolk x Texel cross sheep at six developmental time points: Prenatal [gd 85 (PN1), 110 (PN2), and 133 (PN3)] and postnatal [preweaning (d 40; PW1), weaning (d 65; PW2), and maturity (57 kg; MKT)]. Total RNA was extracted for miRNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using a priori comparisons PN1 vs. PN2, PN2 vs. PN3, PN3 vs. PW1, PW1 vs. PW2, PW2 vs. MKT to examine stages of muscle hypertrophy. One hundred forty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed between the 5 comparisons made. The stage from PN3 to PW1 had the most differentially expressed miRNA (115). Examination of the differentially expressed miRNA also showed that 4 miRNA, miR-154a-3p, miR-3956-5p, miR-410-3p, and miR-431, had a log fold change greater than 3 and miR-22-3p had a log fold change greater than 4. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNA were identified and the functional associations of genes were assessed with GOseq. Between all 5 comparisons made, 195 terms were significantly enriched, 86 were from biological process, 42 were from cellular component, and 67 were from molecular function. The miRNA transcriptome of skeletal muscle changes with advancing development and the period from gd133 to d40 appears to have increased transcriptome alteration.
PSXII-28 Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds
Authors: Belkasmi Farida , Lourencon Raquel V , Puchala Ryszard , Gipson Terry A , Ribeiro Luana , Dawson Lionel J , Encinas Fabiola L , Calle Mauricio , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Female hair sheep, 27 Dorper (DOR), 41 Katahdin (KAT), and 39 St. Croix (STC), were used to determine influences of nutritional planes before and after breeding on performance. There were 35 multiparous and 72 primiparous sheep, the latter 2.8±0.20 yr of age. Wheat straw [4% crude protein; dry matter (DM) basis] was consumed ad libitum and supplemented with approximately 0.25% initial body weight (BW) of soybean meal (SBM; Low) or a 1:3 mixture of SBM and rolled corn at 1% BW (High; DM). The supplementation period was 162 d, and with breeding of animals in 2 groups sequentially the pre-breeding period was 84 and 97 d and that after breeding began was 78 and 65 d. Wheat straw DM intake (1.75, 1.30, 1.57, 1.15, 1.80, and 1.38% BW; SEM=0.112), average daily gain (-46, 42, -44, 70, -47, and 51 g; SEM=7.3), and change in body condition score (-0.61, 0.36, -0.53, 0.27, -0.39, and -0.18 for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.058) were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by supplement treatment. Birth rate (66.7, 93.5, 84.6, 95.5, 82.8, and 100.0; SEM=9.83) and individual lamb birth weight (4.50, 4.61, 4.28, 3.98, 3.73, and 3.88 kg; SEM=0.201) were not affected by supplement treatment (P = 0.063 and 0.787, respectively), although litter size (0.92, 1.21, 1.17, 1.86, 1.12, and 1.82; SEM=0.221) and total litter birth weight (5.84, 5.74, 5.92, 7.52, 5.04, and 6.78 kg for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.529) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for High than for Low. In conclusion, although there was some compensation in wheat straw intake for the different levels of supplementation, SBM given alone rather than with cereal grain adversely affected body weight and condition and reproductive performance, the latter primarily through litter size but also via a trend for an effect on birth rate.
PSIX-21 Assessment of barrier function and cell junctional expression on differentiated intestinal porcine epithelial cells in response to Salmonella LPS challenge and treatment with Yeast cell wall products
Authors: Browne Niall , Daly Daniel , Horgan Karina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mannan rich fractions were previously demonstrated to improve junctional gene expression which can reduce leaky intestinal tracts that facilitate bacterial infection in piglets. The work here assessed MRF and other yeast mannan products’ effects on intestinal barrier function in response to bacterial challenge from Salmonella LPS. Differentiated IPEC cells were grown to 14 days until a trans-epithelial electrical resistance reading (TEER) of ~ 4500 Ohms/cm2 was reached. Prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1µg/mL) challenge, cells were pre-treated and post-treated with MRF or yeast products A, B, and C (16mg/mL). Post treated cells were lysed in RLT buffer and RNA isolated (RNeasy). RIN values above 7 were used to synthesise cDNA (SuperScript®-III). Junctional genes Occludin, Claudin3 and Tight junction protein1 (TJP1) were assessed by qPCR (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast). TNFα proinflammatory secretion was measured by ELISA. Three independent biological replicates were performed, with One-way ANOVA carried out unless stated otherwise. TEER results showed MRF significantly recovered barrier function (5090.3±187.0, P ≤ 0.05) over the positive control (PC) (3754.2±605.8) while product A (3502.5±182.7749), B (3414.289±733.8854) and C (3938.4±491.4) demonstrated no significant improvement to the PC. MRF treated cells were significantly higher for Claudin3 gene expression (1.33±0.18, P ≤ 0.05) over the control (0.671661±0.277) and treatments A (0.53±0.16, P ≤ 0.05), B (0.91±0.18, P ≤ 0.05) and C (0.69±0.25, P ≤ 0.05). Occludin expression was significantly higher in MRF treated cells (1.09±0.01, P ≤ 0.05) over the PC (0.89±0.09, P ≤ 0.05) and treatment B (0.88±0.04, P ≤ 0.05). TJP-1 gene expression was highest in the MRF treated cells (1.30±0.41) but not significantly, compared to the PC (1.00±0.14). TNFα (pg/mL) protein secretion was significantly lower in both the MRF treated (0.0809±0.86x10-3, P ≤ 0.05) and treatment C 0.081±0.18 x10-3, P ≤ 0.05) over the PC (0.0813±0.22x10-3). MRF augmented junctional expression improving TEER readings and potentially lessened LPS intracellular leakage that led to lower proinflammatory protein secretion. The present study highlights differences in efficacy of a variety of yeast cell wall products.
The southern hemisphere narrow-line seyfert 1 infrared survey
Authors: Durré Mark , Mould Jeremy 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a near-infrared spectroscopic survey of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies in the Southern hemisphere (using the SOFI instrument on the ESO-NTT telescope), sampled from optical surveys. We examine the kinematics of the broad-line region (BLR), probed by the emission line width of hydrogen (Pa α and H β). We observed 57 objects, of which we could firmly measure Pa α in 49 cases. We find that a single Lorentzian fit (preferred on theoretical grounds) is preferred over multicomponent Gaussian fits to the line profiles; a lack of narrow-line region emission, overwhelmed by the pole-on view of the BLR light, supports this. We recompute the catalogue black hole (BH) mass estimates, using the values of full width half-maximum and luminosity of H β, both from catalogue values and re-fitted Lorentzian values. We find a relationship slope greater than unity compared to the catalogue values. We ascribe this to contamination by galactic light or difficulties with line flux measurements. However, the comparison of masses computed by the fitted Lorentzian and Gaussian measurements show a slope close to unity. Comparing the BH masses estimated from both Pa α and H β, the line widths and fluxes shows deviations from expected; in general, however, the computed BH masses are comparable. We posit a scenario where an intermixture of dusty and dust-free clouds (or alternately a structured atmosphere) differentially absorbs the line radiation of the BLR, due to dust absorption and hydrogen bound-free absorption.
Protoplanet collisions: Statistical properties of ejecta
Authors: Crespi Samuele , Dobbs-Dixon Ian , Georgakarakos Nikolaos , Haghighipour Nader , Maindl Thomas I , Schäfer Christoph M , Winter Philip Matthias 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The last phase of the formation of rocky planets is dominated by collisions among Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Simulations of this phase need to handle the difficulty of including the post-impact material without saturating the numerical integrator. A common approach is to include the collision-generated material by clustering it into few bodies with the same mass and uniformly scattering them around the collision point. However, this approach oversimplifies the properties of the collision material by neglecting features that can play important roles in the final structure and composition of the system. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of the orbital architecture, mass, and size distributions of the material generated through embryo–embryo collisions and show how they can be used to develop a model that can be directly incorporated into the numerical integrations. For instance, results of our analysis indicate that the masses of the fragments follow an exponential distribution with an exponent of −2.21 ± 0.17 over the range of 10−7 to 2 × 10−2 Earth-masses. The distribution of the post-impact velocities show that a large number of fragments are scattered towards the central star. The latter is a new finding that may be quite relevant to the delivery of material from the outer regions of the asteroid belt to the accretion zones of terrestrial planets. Finally, we present an analytical model for the 2D distribution of fragments that can be directly incorporated into numerical integrations.
Timely termination of repair DNA synthesis by ATAD5 is important in oxidative DNA damage-induced single-strand break repair
Authors: Park Su Hyung , Kim Youyoung , Ra Jae Sun , Wie Min woo , Kang Mi-Sun , Kang Sukhyun , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Kyoo-young 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) generate oxidized bases and single-strand breaks (SSBs), which are fixed by base excision repair (BER) and SSB repair (SSBR), respectively. Although excision and repair of damaged bases have been extensively studied, the function of the sliding clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), including loading/unloading, remains unclear. We report that, in addition to PCNA loading by replication factor complex C (RFC), timely PCNA unloading by the ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 (ATAD5)-RFC–like complex is important for the repair of ROS-induced SSBs. We found that PCNA was loaded at hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generated direct SSBs after the 3′-terminus was converted to the hydroxyl moiety by end-processing enzymes. However, PCNA loading rarely occurred during BER of oxidized or alkylated bases. ATAD5-depleted cells were sensitive to acute H2O2 treatment but not methyl methanesulfonate treatment. Unexpectedly, when PCNA remained on DNA as a result of ATAD5 depletion, H2O2-induced repair DNA synthesis increased in cancerous and normal cells. Based on higher H2O2-induced DNA breakage and SSBR protein enrichment by ATAD5 depletion, we propose that extended repair DNA synthesis increases the likelihood of DNA polymerase stalling, shown by increased PCNA monoubiquitination, and consequently, harmful nick structures are more frequent.