bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the name of security: Governmentality apparatus in a multilingual mine in Arctic Finland
Authors: Strömmer Maiju 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis critical sociolinguistic study explores how mining work is governed in the name of security in a mine in Arctic Finland. Although the mining industry is dominated by multinational corporations, mines themselves tend to be concentrated in peripheries where a mobile and multilingual workforce is recruited. Mining is a high‐risk business: industrial accidents and environmental damage can be severe. Discursive practices play a crucial role in risk management. In this study, the nexus of language, security, and production in mining work is analyzed by applying the Foucauldian concept of ‘governmentality’. The data comprise ethnographic observations, work‐related documents, and interviews collected onsite in 2018‐2019. The analysis illustrates how security and production are interwoven in the mine’s safety program that applies the neoliberal logic of responsibilization and disciplinary strategies of surveillance, supervision and regulations. On a broader level, this governmentality apparatus serves the state in securitizing its economy and population.
CM carbonaceous chondrite falls and their terrestrial alteration
Authors: Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , Floyd Cameron , Martin Pierre‐Etienne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe CM carbonaceous chondrites provide unique insights into the composition of the protoplanetary disk, and the accretion and geological history of their parent C‐complex asteroid(s). Of the hundreds of CMs that are available for study, the majority are finds and so may have been compromised by terrestrial weathering. Nineteen falls have been recovered between 1838 and 2020, and there is a hint of two temporal clusters: 1930–1942 and 2009–2020. Falls are considered preferable to finds to study because they should be near pristine, and here this assumption is tested by investigating their susceptibility to alteration before recovery and during curation. CMs falling on the land surface are prone to contamination by organic compounds from soil and vegetation. Where exposed to liquid water prior to collection, minerals including oldhamite can be dissolved and most fluid mobile elements leached. Within days of recovery, CMs adsorb water from the atmosphere and are commonly contaminated by airborne hydrocarbons. Interaction with atmospheric water and oxygen during curation over year to decadal timescales can produce Fe‐oxyhydroxides from Fe,Ni metal and gypsum from indigenous gypsum and oldhamite. Relationships between the petrologic (sub)types of pre‐1970 falls and their terrestrial age could be due to extensive but cryptic alteration during curation, but are more likely a sampling bias. The terrestrial history of a CM fall, including circumstances of its collection and conditions of its curation, must be taken into account before it is used to infer processes on C‐complex parent bodies such as Ryugu and Bennu.
Presolar stardust in highly pristine CM chondrites Asuka 12169 and Asuka 12236
Authors: Nittler Larry R. , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , Patzer Andrea , Verdier‐Paoletti Maximilien J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a NanoSIMS search for presolar grains in the CM chondrites Asuka (A) 12169 and A12236. We found 90 presolar O‐rich grains and 25 SiC grains in A12169, giving matrix‐normalized abundances of 275 (+55/−50, 1σ) ppm or, excluding an unusually large grain, 236 (+37/−34) ppm for O‐rich grains and 62 (+15/−12) ppm for SiC grains. For A12236, 18 presolar silicates and 6 SiCs indicate abundances of 58 (+18/−12) and 20 (+12/−8) ppm, respectively. The SiC abundances are in the typical range of primitive chondrites. The abundance of presolar O‐rich grains in A12169 is essentially identical to that in CO3.0 Dominion Range 08006, higher than in any other chondrites, while in A12236, it is higher than found in other CMs. These abundances provide further strong support that A12169 and A12236 are the least‐altered CMs as indicated by petrographic investigations. The similar abundances, isotopic distributions, silicate/oxide ratios, and grain sizes of the presolar O‐rich grains found here to those of presolar grains in highly primitive CO, CR, and ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) indicate that the CM parent body(ies) accreted a similar population of presolar oxides and silicates in their matrices to those accreted by the parent bodies of the other CC groups. The lower abundances and larger grain sizes seen in some other CMs are thus most likely a result of parent‐body alteration and not heterogeneity in nebular precursors. Presolar silicates are unlikely to be present in high abundances in returned samples from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu since remote‐sensing data indicate that they have experienced substantial aqueous alteration.
The geometry of the compound leaf plays a significant role in the leaf movement of Medicago truncatula modulated by mtdwarf4a
Authors: Zhao Weiyue , Bai Quanzi , Zhao Baolin , Wu Qing , Wang Chaoqun , Liu Ye , Yang Tianquan , Liu Yu , He Hua , Du Shanshan , Tadege Million , He Liangliang , Chen Jianghua 
Published: January 2021

Summary

In most legumes, two typical features found in leaves are diverse compound forms and the pulvinus‐driven nyctinastic movement. Many genes have been identified for leaf‐shape determination, but the underlying nature of leaf movement as well as its association with the compound form remains largely unknown.

Using forward‐genetic screening and whole‐genome resequencing, we found that two allelic mutants of Medicago truncatula with unclosed leaflets at night were impaired in MtDWARF4A (MtDWF4A), a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 protein orthologous to Arabidopsis DWARF4.

The mtdwf4a mutant also had a mild brassinosteroid (BR)‐deficient phenotype bearing pulvini without significant deficiency in organ identity. Both mtdwf4a and dwf4 could be fully rescued by MtDWF4A, and mtdwf4a could close their leaflets at night after the application of exogenous 24‐epi‐BL. Surgical experiments and genetic analysis of double mutants revealed that the failure to exhibit leaf movement in mtdwf4a is a consequence of the physical obstruction of the overlapping leaflet laminae, suggesting a proper geometry of leaflets is important for their movement in M. truncatula.

These observations provide a novel insight into the nyctinastic movement of compound leaves, shedding light on the importance of open space for organ movements in plants.
Exploring rule‐following identity at the frontline: The roles of general self‐efficacy, gender, and attitude toward clients
Authors: Keulemans Shelena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe way in which street‐level bureaucrats relate to rules has intrigued scholars for decades. This article revisits the classic idea that street‐level bureaucrats' rule‐following identity reflects their personal insecurity and penchant for control. Building on this perspective of emotional needs, we investigate how general self‐efficacy, gender, and attitude toward clients affect this identity. We expect general self‐efficacy to suppress a strong rule‐following identity by stimulating street‐level bureaucrats' internal sense of control. We furthermore expect that this relation is stronger for women bureaucrats and bureaucrats who hold a positive attitude to clients. Contrary to expectations, survey data (n = 1407) show that this identity strengthens as general self‐efficacy beliefs increase. Gender and attitude to clients do not affect this relationship. These findings suggest that rule‐following identity reflects street‐level bureaucrats' confidence in their abilities to work complex rule sets to fulfill task requirements, rather than desire for control or to reduce insecurity.
Detection of citrus psorosis virus by RT‐qPCR validated by diagnostic parameters
Authors: Simeone Melina , Gómez Claudio , Bertalmío Ana , Ruiz Esperanza , Hauteville Claudia , Godoy Suarez Laura , Tito Blas , García Maria L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCitrus psorosis virus (CPsV) is the causal agent of psorosis, an important disease of citrus. Sanitary and certification programmes helped reduce disease damage caused by psorosis and other graft‐transmissible diseases in many citrus‐growing regions. For quarantine and certification programmes, most of these diseases are currently diagnosed using biological indexing (BI) on sensitive indicator plants. In the case of citrus psorosis, CPsV can be detected by molecular methods such as quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR), which is cheaper and faster than BI, but sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of both procedures have not been compared so far. In this work, 128 plants from Argentina and Uruguay were analysed using BI and CPsV detection by the RT‐qPCR assay. Almost perfect agreement between both diagnostic procedures and sensitivity, specificity, and estimated likelihood ratios indicate that RT‐qPCR is equivalent to BI for citrus psorosis diagnosis, thus providing confidence in the quick diagnostic procedure to monitor the sanitary status of citrus trees.
Flagellar beating pattern of male gametes during the fertilization process of the marine green macroalga Bryopsis maxima (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Miyamura Shinichi 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYI studied the flagellar movements and mating behavior of biflagellate gametes produced by the green marine macroalga Bryopsis maxima using high‐speed video microscopy. This procedure allowed me to visualize the very rapid fertilization process in a marine ulvophycean. Discharged male and female gametes always swung their flagella backwards during forward swimming. They swam with a flagellar beat type pattern in which undulatory waves produced at the flagellar bases propagated towards the tips. Each beat cycle lasted 15–20 ms. Male gametes were immediately attracted to the vicinity of female gametes when the two mating types were mixed. As each male gamete swam past a female, it reversed direction towards the female by changing the beat pattern of one of its two flagella. The attraction of male gametes to the female ones was inhibited in calcium‐free seawater in both the presence and absence of 10 mM ethylene glycol‐bis(β‐aminoethyl ether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid, a calcium chelator, but attraction recovered in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2, suggesting that Ca2+ is necessary for the attraction response. The initial contact between the two gametes occurred when one of the male flagellar tips encountered a female flagellum. The male gamete kept in contact with the female gamete (i) at the flagellar tips, and then (ii) by anterior cell body contact. Flagella continued to beat and cell bodies oscillated as gametes maintained contact. In the final step, the gametes fused.
Blood collection failures from a blood establishment perspective
Authors: Radovčić Marko Karlo , Ljubičić Julijana , Očić Tihomir , Jukić Irena , Vuk Tomislav 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this study was to show experience of the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine in monitoring and analysing collection failures caused by the venepuncture technique or occurred as a result of adverse reactions and complications experienced by donors during donation.BackgroundCollection failures represent one of the leading nonconformities in blood establishments. Apart from being a negative motivating factor for blood donors, they also affect the blood components supply and have a negative financial impact.MethodsNonconformity records referring to collection failures were analysed retrospectively over a 6‐year period (2013–2018) with regard to their frequency, causes, donor characteristics (age, gender, number of donations), place of occurrence (blood establishment, mobile sessions) and trends during the analysed period.ResultsA total of 5166 collection failures out of 618 251 donations (0.84%) were recorded during the analysed period. The leading cause was haematoma at puncture site (1676, i.e., 32.4%). Collection failures which are primarily attributed to the venepuncture technique or vein selection accounted for 91% of all cases, whereas collection failures which occurred as a result of discontinued punctures due to adverse reactions in donors accounted for 9% of all cases. A much higher frequency of all collection failure types was recorded in female donors, whereas younger donors experienced adverse reactions more frequently (median age of 24).ConclusionThe analysis and monitoring frequency of collection failures play an important role in planning of staff training activities, work organisation and timely implementation of corrective actions.
COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donor characteristics, product disposition, and comparison with standard apheresis donors
Authors: Lasky Baia , Goodhue Meyer Erin , Steele Whitney R. , Crowder Lauren A. , Young Pampee P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) convalescent plasma (CCP) offering an early treatment option for COVID‐19, blood collectors needed to quickly overcome obstacles to recruiting and qualifying eligible donors. We provide attributes of CCP donors and products and compare to standard donors and products.Study Design and MethodsInformation on CCP donors was gathered from the American Red Cross qualification website through product collection. Data from 2019 for standard plasma/platelet apheresis (SA) and whole blood (WB) donor demographics and SA donations including product disposition and reactions were used for comparison.ResultsOf almost 59 000 donors registering on the website, 75% reported an existing COVID‐19 diagnostic polymerase chain reaction or an antibody test. The majority (56.2%) of 10 231 CCP donors were first‐time donors in contrast to SA or WB donor populations, which were only 3.0% and 30.6%, respectively, first‐time donors. The number of female donors was 12% higher than SA donors. Older (≥ 65 years) and younger (16‐19 years) were comparatively underrepresented in CCP donors. Deferral (10.2%) and Quantity Not Sufficient rates (6.4%) for presenting CCP donations were higher than SA (8.2% and 1.1%, respectively). Human leukocyte antigen antibody reactivity was the highest cause of product loss for CCP donations vs SA donations (9.6% vs 1.3%). Acute adverse events also occurred at a higher rate among both first‐time and repeat CCP donations compared to SA.ConclusionsCCP donors were more likely to be first‐time and female donors than WB or SA donors. CCP donations had a higher rate of donor adverse reactions, deferrals, and product loss than SA donations.
Total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy in six dogs
Authors: Matz Brad M. , Henderson Ralph A. , Lindley Stephanie S. , Smith Annette N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this report is to describe the surgical technique for total laryngectomy and outcome in six dogs. Laryngeal cancer is an uncommon and challenging clinical problem. Total laryngectomy can provide local disease control but is uncommonly performed. Detailed procedural descriptions are limited and similarly limited information is available regarding patient outcome. Institutional medical records were searched for dogs treated with total laryngectomy. Six dogs were identified. The procedure resulted in postoperative quality of life similar to permanent tracheostomy alone. Surgical margin status was evaluated in five of six cases and was complete in those five. All dogs survived to discharge from the hospital. Complications were mostly related to tracheostomy occlusion or collapse which is recognized as a complication associated with permanent tracheostomy. Patient quality of life was acceptable. Local recurrence was suspected in one dog. Recurrence was not observed in the case with unknown margin status.
Event-Triggered Adaptive Higher-Order Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Steer-by-Wire Systems
Authors: Ma Bingxin , Wang Zezheng , Wang Yongfu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The model uncertainty of the steer-by-wire (SbW) system and the limitation of communication bandwidth will have a negative effect on its control performance. For this reason, this paper proposes an event-triggered high-order sliding mode control for uncertain SbW systems. First, to save communication and computing resources, an event-triggering mechanism that depends on the system state is proposed for the SbW system, such that both communication and computing resources can be saved. Second, an event-triggered adaptive higher-order sliding mode (ET-AHOSM) control is proposed for the closed-loop SbW system. The assumptions about the global Lipschitz of nonlinearity and the a priori bounds of the disturbance are no longer required in the control design. Much importantly, the control input continuity can be guaranteed even there is the event-triggering communication in the controller-to-actuator channel. Theoretical analysis shows that the global practical finite-time stability of the closed-loop SbW system can be obtained while avoiding Zeno behavior of the event-triggered control system. Finally, numerical simulation and experiments show that the designed control method can reduce more than 1/2 of the calculation and communication resources while ensuring satisfactory tracking accuracy.
Analytical and Experimental Decentralized Adaptive Control of a High-Degrees-of-Freedom Robot Manipulator
Authors: Bertino Alexander , Naseradinmousavi Peiman , Kelkar Atul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the analytical and experimental control of a seven degrees-of-freedom (7DOF) robot manipulator. A model-free decentralized adaptive control strategy is presented for the tracking control of the manipulator. The problem formulation and experimental results demonstrate the computational efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method. The results presented here are one of the first known experiments on a redundant 7DOF robot. The efficacy of the adaptive decentralized controller is demonstrated experimentally by using the Baxter robot to track a desired trajectory. Simulation and experimental results clearly demonstrate the versatility, tracking performance, and computational efficiency of this method.
Comparison of Blind Diagnostic Indicators for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Gearbox Bearings
Authors: Qi Junyu , Mauricio Alexandre , Gryllias Konstantinos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Under the pressure of climate change, renewable energy gradually replaces fossil fuels and plays nowadays a significant role in energy production. Among different types of energy sources, wind power covered 14% of the EU's electricity demand in 2018. The Operations and Maintenance (O&M) costs of wind turbines may easily reach up to 20–25% of the total leverised cost per kWh produced over the lifetime of the turbine for a new unit. According to Wood Mackenzie Power & Renewables onshore wind farm operators are expected to spend nearly $15 billion on O&M services in 2019. Manufacturers and operators try to reduce O&M on one hand by developing new turbine designs and on the other hand by adopting condition monitoring approaches. One of the most critical and rather complex assemblies of wind turbines is the gearbox. Gearboxes are designed to last till the end of asset's lifetime, according to the IEC 61400-4 standards. On the other hand, a recent study over approximately 350 offshore wind turbines indicated that gearboxes might have to be replaced as early as 6.5 years. Therefore a plethora of sensor types and signal processing methodologies have been proposed in order to accurately detect and diagnose the presence of a fault. Among others, envelope analysis is one of the most important methodologies, where an envelope of the vibration signal is estimated, usually after filtering around a selected frequency band excited by impacts due to the fault. Sometimes the gearbox is equipped with many acceleration sensors and its kinematics is clearly known. In these cases cyclostationary analysis and the corresponding methodologies, i.e., the cyclic spectral correlation and the cyclic spectral coherence, have been proposed as powerful tools. On the other hand often the gearbox is equipped with a limited number of sensors and a simple global diagnostic indicator is demanded, being capable to detect globally various faults of different components. The scope of this paper is the application and comparison of a number of blind global diagnostic indicators which are based on Entropy (permutation entropy, approximate entropy, samples entropy, fuzzy entropy, conditional entropy, and Wiener entropy), on Negentropy (Infogram), on Sparsity (Sparse-L2/L1, Sparse-L1/L0, and Sparse-Gini index) and on Statistics (mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, etc.). The performance of the indicators is evaluated and compared on a wind turbine dataset, consisted of vibration data captured by one accelerometer mounted on six 2.5 MW wind turbines, located in a wind park in northern Sweden, where two different bearing faults have been filed, for one wind turbine, during a period of 46 months. Among the different diagnostic indicators permutation entropy, approximate entropy, samples entropy, fuzzy entropy, conditional entropy, and Wiener entropy achieve the best results detecting blindly the two failure events.
Can Water Dilution Avoid Flashback on a Hydrogen-Enriched Micro-Gas Turbine Combustion?—A Large Eddy Simulations Study
Authors: Pappa Alessio , Bricteux Laurent , Bénard Pierre , De Paepe Ward 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Considering the growing interest in Power-to-Fuel, i.e., production of H2 using electrolysis to store excess renewable electricity, combustion-based technologies still have a role to play in the future of power generation. Especially in a decentralized production with small-scale cogeneration, micro-Gas Turbines (mGTs) offer great advantages related to their high adaptability and flexibility, in terms of operation and fuel. Hydrogen (or hydrogen enriched methane) combustion is well-known to lead to flame and combustion instabilities. The high temperatures and reaction rates reached in the combustor can potentially lead to flashback. In the past, combustion air humidification (i.e., water addition) has proven effective to reduce temperatures and reaction rates, leading to significant NOx emission reductions. Therefore, combustion air humidification can open a path to stabilize hydrogen combustion in a classical mGT combustor. However accurate data assessing the impact of humidification on the combustion is still missing for real mGT combustor geometries and operating conditions. In this framework, this paper presents a comparison between pure methane and hydrogen enriched methane/air combustions, with and without combustion air humidification, in a typical mGT combustion chamber (Turbec T100) using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) analysis. In a first step, the necessary minimal water dilution, to reach stable and low emissions combustion with hydrogen, was assessed using a one-dimensional (1D) approach. The one-dimensional unstretched laminar flame is computed for both pure methane (reference case) and hydrogen enriched methane/air combustion cases. The results of this comparison show that, for the hydrogen enriched combustion, the same level of flame speed as in the reference case can be reached by adding 10% (in mass fraction) of water. In a second step, the feasibility and flexibility of humidified hydrogen enriched methane/air combustion in an industrial mGT combustor have been demonstrated by performing high fidelity LES on a 3D geometry. Results show that steam dilution helped to lower the reactivity of hydrogen, and thus prevents flashback, enabling the use of hydrogen blends in the mGT at similar CO levels, compared to the reference case. These results will help to design future combustor toward more stability.