bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity, Pleiotropy and Fitness Tradeoffs in Arabidopsis Genotypes with Different Telomere Lengths
Authors: Campitelli Brandon , Razzaque Samsad , Barbero Borja , Abdulkina Liliia , Hall Mitchell , Shippen Dorothy , Juenger Thomas , Shakirov Eugene 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Telomere length has been implicated in the organismal response to stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we examine the impact of telomere length changes on Arabidopsis thaliana responses to three contrasting abiotic environments, and measure 31 fitness, development, physiology and leaf-level anatomy traits. We report that telomere length in wild type and short telomere mutants is resistant to abiotic stress, while elongated telomeres in ku70 mutants are more plastic. We also detect significant pleiotropic effects of telomere length on flowering time and key leaf physiology and anatomical traits. Furthermore, our data reveal a significant genotype by environment (GxE) interaction for reproductive fitness, with the benefits and costs to performance depending on the growth conditions. These results imply that life-history tradeoffs between flowering time and reproductive fitness are impacted by telomere length variation. We postulate that telomere length in plants is subject to natural selection imposed by different environments.
Novel Variants in Phosphodiesterase 6A and Phosphodiesterase 6B Genes and Its Phenotypes in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa in Chinese Families
Authors: Li Yuyu , Li Ruyi , Dai Hehua , Li Genlin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with 65 causative genes identified to date. However, only approximately 60% of RP cases genetically solved to date, predicating that many novel disease-causing variants are yet to be identified. The purpose of this study is to identify novel variants in phosphodiesterase 6A and phosphodiesterase 6B genes and present its phenotypes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa in Chinese families.Methods: Five retinitis pigmentosa patients with PDE6A variants and three with PDE6B variants were identified through a hereditary eye disease enrichment panel (HEDEP), all patients’ medical and ophthalmic histories were collected, and ophthalmological examinations were performed, then we analysed the possible causative variants. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variants.Results: We identified 20 mutations sites in eight patients, two heterozygous variants were identified per patient of either PDE6A or PDE6B variants, others are from CA4, OPTN, RHO, ADGRA3 variants. We identified two novel variants in PDE6A: c.1246G > A;p.(Asp416Asn) and c.1747T > A;p.(Tyr583Asn). Three novel mutations in PDE6B: c.401T > C;p.(Leu134Pro), c.2293G > C;p.(Ala765Pro) and c.1610-1612del;p.(537-538del).CA4: c.243G > A;p.(Trp81*) and RHO: c.688G>A;p.(Val230Ile) are novel variants and maybe affecting the phenotype. Among them, c.401T > C;p.(Leu134Pro) variant in PDE6B is non- pathogenic; RHO: c.688G>A;p.(Val230Ile) is conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity;Other novel variants are all pathogenic.Conclusions: This study reveals novel and known variants in Chinese families with PDE6A and PDE6B mutations in autosomal recessive RP, expanding the clinical and genetic findings of photoreceptor-specific enzyme deficiencies.
Conditional Heteroskedasticity and Cross-sectional Dependence in Panel MGARCH: Exchange Rate and Stock Market Uncertainty
Authors: Tour Mansour , Abounoori Esmaiel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite lots of research concerning different GARCH and Panel-GARCH as well as MGARCH models, we have not seen Panel MGARCH so far reviewing literatures. Though there are spillover effects between cross-sections for one variable, there may be spillover effects and cross-sections dependence for several variables too. The main aim in this research is to use the Panel MGARCH (P-MGARCH) model regarding weekly exchange rate and the stock market index across countries UK, Canada and China during 2010: 10 to 2020: 08. According to the results, the volatility spillover among cross-sections (UK, China and Canada) for variables (Exchange rates and Stock exchange returns) has been confirmed.JEL Classification: C33, C58, F30
Phytochemical Screening, Acute Toxicity and Anti-Rabies Activities of Extracts of Selected Ethiopian Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Tesera Yeweynshet , Desalegn Asnake , Tadele Ashenif , Mengesha Abebe , Hurisa Birhanu , Mohammed Jemal , Mulugeta Demise , Ashenafi Sintayehu , Alemu Anberbir , Degu Sileshi , Bizuneh Ayele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Rabies, endemic in most African and Asian countries, is a viral zoonosis that causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths a year, despite the existence of safe and effective vaccines. In most developing countries people believe to cure rabies with different traditional and religious treatment rather than seeking effective post exposure prophylaxis. Purpose: To investigate the phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and antirabies activity of crude extracts of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana and Ricinus communis and the stem bark of Croton macrostachyus. Methods: To test the presence of various phytochemicals, standard procedures were used. For the determination of acute toxicity and in vivo antirabies activities, Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) Guideline No.423 was used. Different concentrations of extracts (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 and 12.8 mg/ml) were tested for their cytotoxic effect on Vero cells through 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. The in vitro antirabies assay was carried out based on the minimal cytotoxic concentration of extracts. Results: The phytochemical screening result has revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in all plant extracts screened but lack saponins. All the extracts were slightly toxic in Swiss albino mice model but non cytotoxic in Vero cell lines. The antirabies assay result showed that all plant extracts had a moderate to good antirabies potential. The methanol extracts exhibited higher antirabies activity compared to the other extracts under investigation. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the studied plants have possessed different phytochemicals that helps in their antirabies potential. Utilization of these pharmacological properties involves further investigation of these active ingredients by implementation techniques of extraction, purification, separation, crystallization and identification.
Topical sirolimus solution for lingual microcystic lymphatic malformations in children and adults (TOPGUN): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled, stepped-wedge clinical trial
Authors: MARCHAND Antoine , CAILLE Agnès , GISSOT Valérie , GIRAUDEAU Bruno , LENGELLE Céline , BOURGOIN Hélène , LARGEAU Bérenger , LEDUCQ Sophie , MARUANI Annabel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLingual microcystic lymphatic malformations (LMLMs) are rare congenital vascular malformations presenting as clusters of cysts filled with lymph fluid or blood. Even small well-limited lesions can be responsible for a heavy burden, inducing pain, aesthetic prejudice, or oozing, bleeding, infections. The natural history of LMLMs is progressive worsening punctuated by acute flares. Therapeutic options include surgery, laser excision and radiofrequency ablation but all are potentially detrimental and expose to local relapse. Therefore, the management frequently relies on a “watchful waiting” approach. In complicated LMLMs, treatment with oral sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is often used. Topical applications of sirolimus on the buccal mucosae have been reported in other oral diseases with good tolerance and none to slight detectable blood sirolimus concentrations. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 1 mg/mL sirolimus solution applied once daily on LMLM of any stage in children and adults after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of treatment compared to usual care (no treatment).MethodsThis is a randomized, multicentric study using an individually randomized stepped-wedge design over 24 weeks to evaluate topical application of a 1 mg/mL sirolimus solution once daily, on LMLM, versus usual care (no treatment), the control condition. Participants begin with an observational period and later switch to the intervention at a randomized time (week 0,4 8 or 12). Visits occur every 4 weeks, either in the study center or by teleconsulting. The primary outcome will be the evaluation of global severity of the LMLM on monthly standardized photographs by 3 independent blinded experts using the physical global assessment (PGA) 0 to 5 scale. Secondary outcomes will include lesion size measurement and quality of life assessment, investigator and patient-assessed global disease and specific symptoms (oozing, bleeding, sialorrhea, eating impairment, taste modification, aesthetic impairment, pain, and global discomfort) assessment. A biological monitoring will be performed including residual blood sirolimus concentration and usual laboratory parameters.DiscussionGiven the disappointing state of current treatment options in LMLMs, topical sirolimus could become first-line therapy in treating LMLMs if its efficacy and safety were to be demonstrated.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov : NCT04128722, registered 24th September 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04128722EudraCT : EUCTR2019-001530-33-FRSponsor (University Hospital Center of Tours – CHRU Tours) : DR190041-TOPGUNFrench regulatory authorities : ID RCB: 2019-001530-33
Reproductive Behavior of Different Species of the Genus Ovis (Ovis Linnaeus, 1758) During Hybridization
Authors: Iolchiev Baylar , Khusnetdinova Neilia , Yuri Prytkov , Bagirov Vugar , Volkova Natalya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere are several mechanisms of species isolation and species conservation, one of which is the behavior of individuals during the mating season. Inter specific hybridization is used to create new breeding forms and breeds of farm animals. The aim of this study was to look into the reproductive behavior of males of cultured sheep breeds and their wild relatives during the mating period in order to identify consistent patterns of movements, elementary motor acts, and individual reactions.ResultsIt was found that the duration of the courtship display in the European mouflon was, with a high degree of confidence, longer than in the male domestic sheep. In mouflons, it was 246.5 ± 31.85 minutes, while in rams, it was 88.46 ± 9.23 minutes (p < 0.0001). Many patterns in purebred sheep were shorter, or absent. In wild species, there is a connection between sexual activity and time of day. The highest frequency of intromission in mouflons occurred in the time interval between 6–8 a.m. and 11 p.m.–4 a.m.; in rams, the dependence of sexual activity on the time of day was not observed. During the estrus period, the relationship between females changed. If there were several individuals in the group in the state of estrus at the same time, the dominant females hindered the reproductive success of the lower-ranking sheep.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the patterns of reproductive behavior in males of different species of sheep are similar. However, it was revealed that the species differ in the length of those patterns. A high variability in the strategies of sheep reproduction was observed. For future research, it would be beneficial to focus on the features of the reproductive behavior of female sheep depending on the genotype.
REBOA as a Bridge to Brain CT in a Patient With Concomitant Brain Herniation and Haemorrhagic Shock - a Case Report
Authors: Bissoni Luca , Gamberini Emiliano , Viola Lorenzo , Bergamini Carlo , Russo Emanuele , Bolondi Giuliano , Agnoletti Vanni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction The management of complex trauma patient with concomitant brain injury and extra-cranial lesions is challenging since the requirement of a low pressure to limit the bleeding clashes with the need to maintain an adequate cerebral perfusion and to obtain a brain CT-scan. Here we present the use of REBOA as a bridge to CT scan in complex head and torso trauma. Case presentation A 59-years male patient involved in a car accident was admitted to our hospital after a car accident. He had a GCS of 3 with a left fixed pupil anisocoria. Despite right-sided chest decompression for pneumothorax and massive transfusion protocol for hemoperitoneum, blood pressure remained low; to temporally stabilize the patient and perform a brain CT scan a zone 1 REBOA was inserted and systolic blood pressure rose up from 60 mmHg to 110 mmHg. A brain CT scan highlighted a right subdural hematoma with a 8-mm midline shift. The patient went to the operating room to perform damage control surgery and, subsequently, a decompressive craniotomy. After 96 days of hospital stay, the patient was discharged at home with a complete neurological recovery. Conclusions The achievement of a rapid brain CT scan in traumatic brain injury is often crucial and has a deep impact in changing surgical management; moreover, duration of cerebral herniation is associated with worse outcome and increased mortality. In the light of this, the use of REBOA in selected cases of complex head and torso trauma could allow to gain time to go to the CT room in safe conditions.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tetrastigma Sulcatum Leaf Extract, Pure Compound and Its Derivatives
Authors: Waghole Ravindra Jagannath , Misar Ashwini Vivek , Kulkarni Neha Shashikant , Khan Feroz , Naik Dattatraya Gopal , Jadhav Sachin H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The severity and perseverance of the inflammation have been demonstrated in many health conditions. The limitations of existing medications, propose the need for newer alternative anti-inflammatory medications. In our earlier studies, we demonstrated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of crude ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaves and its fractions. In the present study, we further explored anti-inflammatory activity of T. sulcatum extract, fractions, pure compound and its derivatives using in vitro and in vivo bioassay techniques. We attempted to isolate a pure compound from leaf extract and was identified as Friedelan-3β-ol (CI) and its derivatives Friedelinol acetate (C II) and Friedelinol methyl ether (C III) were synthesized. Treatment with crude extract and its fractions demonstrated a significant reduction in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Likewise, compounds CI, CII and CIII showed a similar pattern of significant inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and NO production. In vivo study in Carrageenan induced paw-inflammatory mice model demonstrated reduced paw oedema and proinflammatory cytokines levels in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment of extract, its fractions, pure compound (CI), and their derivatives (CII and CIII.). The docking study showed all the compounds (CI, CII and CIII) share common residues with Dexamethasone. TNF- α exhibited the most interacting residues with the compounds. The present study confirmed the T. sulcatum ’s anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting Friedelan-3β-ol as an active component in a crude extract.
Study protocol for the Multimodal Approach to Preventing Suicide in Schools (MAPSS) project: A regionally-based trial of an integrated response to suicide risk among secondary school students.
Authors: Byrne Sadhbh Josephine , Bailey Eleanor , Lamblin Michelle , Pirkis Jane , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Spittal Matthew J. , Rice Simon , Hetrick Sarah , Hamilton Matthew , Yuen Hok Pan , Lee Yong Yi , Boland Alexandra , Robinson Jo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Suicide is the leading cause of death among young Australians, accounting for one-third of all deaths in those under 25. Schools are a logical setting for youth suicide prevention activities, with universal, selective and indicated approaches all demonstrating efficacy. Given that international best practice recommends suicide prevention programs combine these approaches, and that to date this has not been done in school settings, this study aims to evaluate a suicide prevention program incorporating universal, selective and indicated components in schools.Methods This study is a trial of a multimodal suicide prevention program for young people. The program involves delivering universal psychoeducation (safeTALK) to all students, screening them for suicide risk, and delivering internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Reframe IT) to those students identified as being at high risk for suicide. The program will be trialled in secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia, and target year 10 students (15 and 16 year-olds). safeTALK and screening will be evaluated using a single group pre-test/post-test case series, and Reframe IT will be evaluated in a Randomised Controlled Trial. The primary outcome is change in suicidal ideation; other outcomes include help-seeking behaviour and intentions, and suicide knowledge and stigma. The program’s cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated.Discussion This study is the first to evaluate a suicide prevention program comprising universal, selective and indicated components in Australian schools. If the program is found to be efficacious and cost-effective, it could be more widely disseminated in schools and may ultimately lead to reduced rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour in school students across the region.
Low Tech Biochar Production Could Be a Highly Effective Nature-Based Solution for Climate Change Mitigation in the Developing World.
Authors: ladd brenton , Aquije Camila , Schmidt Hans-Peter , Draper Kathleen , Joseph Stephen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
AimTo compare the climate change mitigation benefits of nature-based solutions for management of municipal green waste with conventional management. MethodsThis study analyzed the carbon footprint of managing one ton of municipal green waste (MGW) in Lima Peru under 4 different scenarios: 1) Final disposal in authorized landfill, 2) Final disposal in informal landfill, 3) composting and 4) biochar production using a low-cost low tech Kon-Tiki reactor. ResultsThe results demonstrate the very clear potential for climate change mitigation from biochar production using low tech and therefore accessible technology in a typical developing world context. The carbon footprint of producing biochar was lower than for composting and biochar and compost both had carbon footprints significantly lower than waste management achieved via landfilling. ConclusionWe argue that the standards used by nascent platforms for trading carbon removal credits generated by biochar should be expanded to include small scale market participants in the so-called developing world. Waste management in the developing world presents significant challenges but often starts from a very low base which means there is very large potential for reducing emissions as well as sequestering carbon.
Predicting The Sign of Trophic Effects: Individual-Based Simulation Versus Loop Analysis
Authors: Fábián Virág Adrienn , Jordán Ferenc 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Food web research needs to be predictive in order to support decisions system-based conservation. In order to increase predictability and applicability, complexity needs to be reduced to simple and clear results. One question emerging frequently is whether certain perturbations (environmental effects or human impact) have positive or negative effects on natural ecosystems or their particular components. Yet, most of food web studies do not consider the sign of effects.Here, we study 6 versions of the Kelian River (Borneo) food web, representing six study sites along the river. For each network, we study the sign of the effect of a perturbed trophic group i on each other j groups. We compare the outcome of the relatively complicated dynamical simulation model and the relatively simple loop analysis model. We compare these results for the 6 sites and also the 14 trophic groups. Finally, we see if sign-agreement and sign-determinacy depend on certain structural features (node centrality, interaction strength).We found major differences between different modelling scenarios, with herbivore-detritivore fish behaving in the most consistent, while algae and particulate organic matter behaving in the least consistent way.
The Design of Optical Diodes
Authors: Ren Ming-Li , Han Meng , Liu Zhang-Hui , Jiang Ming-Qi , Zhu Xiang-Jiu , Liu Xiao-Jing , Wu Xiang-Yao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the optical diodes has been designed by one-dimensional function photonic crystals (FPCs), which the refractive indexes of media A and B are not constant, but it is the functions of space coordinate. By calculation the transmissivity and electric field distribution, we found the positive incident light can pass the function photonic crystals, but the negative incident light can not pass through it, the function photonic crystals (FPCs) can be made into optical diodes.
A Numerical Analysis of Skin-PPE Interaction to Prevent Facial Tissue Injury
Authors: Jobanputra Rikeen D. , Hayes Jack , Royyuru Sravani , Masen Marc A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of close-fitting PPE is essential to prevent exposure to dispersed airborne matter, including the COVID-19 virus. The current pandemic has increased pressure on the healthcare system, leading to medical professionals using high-grade PPE for prolonged times, resulting in device-insduced skin injuries. This study focuses on computationally improving the interaction between skin and PPE to reduce the likelihood of discomfort and tissue damage. A finite element model is developed to simulate the movement of PPE against the face during day-to-day tasks. Due to limited available data on skin characteristics and how these vary interpersonally between sexes, races and ages, the main objective of this study was to establish the effects and trends that mask modifications have on the resulting subsurface strain energy density distribution in the skin. These modifications include the material, geometry and interfacial properties. Overall, the results show that skin injury can be reduced by using softer mask materials, whilst friction against the skin should be minimised, e.g. through use of micro-textures, humidity control and topical creams. Furthermore, the contact area between the mask and skin should be maximised, whilst the use of soft materials with incompressible behaviours (e.g. most elastomers) should be avoided.