bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cardiac Thrombus Stability based on Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography：Research Protocol and Preliminary Results
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Xin , Ren Weidong , Xiao Yangjie , Yu Xiaona , Tan Xueying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study attempted to test a new scoring system for evaluating the stability of cardiac thrombi using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods: We used human whole blood to make the thrombus model in vitro which were divided into 2 groups, the 1-hour (T1h) and 7-day (T7d) group. The T1h group was monitored for 1 hour continuously to observe for the formation of a new thrombus on the original thrombus base. Over time, changes in CEUS images and pathology and shear wave elastography (SWE) of thrombus were observed in theT1h and T7 groups. Twenty-eight adult patients diagnosed with a cardiac thrombus were selected and examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and CEUS. Thrombi were scored for substrate (Ts) and hardness (Th) based on the visualized degree of contrast penetration into the thrombus. The Ts and Th were statistically analyzed for thrombolytic time and the risk of embolism to other organs. Results: In vitro, pathology revealed a decreased pore structure; further, the average Young’s modulus of the thrombi over time indicated a progressive increase in hardness. Contrast-enhancing agents were able to enter a fresh, loose thrombus, but were not able to enter a chronic, stable thrombus. With increasing Ts and Th, thrombolytic time was prolonged, and the risk of embolism to other organs was increased. Conclusions: Our study results suggest that this new CEUS scoring system can evaluate the hardness of a cardiac thrombus and the quality of its underlying substrate; this allows for quantitative evaluation of thrombus stability.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach Combined With Plantar Tendon Transfer Repairing Neglected Achilles Tendon Rupture Compared to the Conventional Approach of V-Y Tendon Plasty: A Retrospective Study With Two Years Follow-Up
Authors: Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Liu Yanshi , Luo Biao , Li Pengfei , Jielile Jiasharete , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Unlike acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR), neglected Achilles tendon rupture (NATR) requires usually tendon grafting procedures for repair tendon defects caused by removing scar tissue. The conventional open surgery of V-Y tendon plasty and minimally invasive technique with plantar tendon transfer had been described, but the long-term efficacy between the two techniques still needs further certification.
Methods

Between February 1, 2008, and July 31, 2018. All of 46 patients with neglected Achilles tendon rupture, 25 patients in group A (21 males and 4 females; age, 34.28 ± 6.97 years) underwent the conventional operation of V-Y tendon plasty, and 21 patients in group B (14 males and 7 females; age, 35.29 ± 7.42 years) were treated by the minimally invasive technique. Two years follow-up was performed for the functional recovery with examinations of the Achilles tendon rupture score (ATRS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hind-Foot Scale Score, dorsiflexion, calf circumference, and heel raise test.
Results

Patient characteristics between the two groups were similar. The functional score of ATRS and AOFAS in Group B was higher than patients in group A at postoperative months 3, 6, and 12, while there is no difference at month 24. In group A, there were three patients exposed to soft tissue infections (two superficial infections and one deep infection) and one case with tendon exposure. In group B, a patient with tendon re-rupture was observed. There was no difference in dorsiflexion and calf circumference at follow-up two years and the much better recovery in heel raise test group B than A.
Conclusions

Two different techniques produced a significant functional improvement, and return to sports. However, this study demonstrated that the minimally invasive technique was recommended for patients with a tendon defect less than 6 cm and who have an urgent demand to return to the sports.
Exploring the Oxygenase Function of Form II Rubisco for Production of Glycolate from CO2
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Junli , Cai Zhen , Zhou Jie , Li Yin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The oxygenase activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) converts ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) into 2-phosphoglycolate, which in turn channels into photorespiration, resulting in carbon and energy loss in higher plants. We observed that glycolate can be accumulated extracellularly when two genes encoding the glycolate dehydrogenase of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were inactivated. This inspired us to explore the oxygenase function of Rubisco for production of glycolate, an important industrial chemical, from CO2 by engineered cyanobacteria. Since the oxygenase activity of Rubisco is generally low in CO2-rich carboxysome of cyanobacteria, we introduced Form II Rubisco, which cannot be assembled in carboxysome, into the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. Heterologous expression of a Form II Rubisco from endosymbiont of tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (RPE Rubisco) significantly increased glycolate production. We show that the RPE Rubisco is expressed in the cytoplasm. Glycolate production increased upon addition of NaHCO3 but decreased upon supplying CO2. The titer of glycolate reached 2.8 g/L in 18 days, a 14-fold increase compared with the initial strain with glycolate dehydrogenase inactivated. This is also the highest glycolate titer biotechnologically produced from CO2 ever reported. Photosynthetic production of glycolate demonstrated the oxygenase activity of Form II Rubisco can be explored for production of chemicals from CO2.
Cytomegalovirus Keratitis in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Report of a Case
Authors: mosavi seyed aliasghar , DARYABARY SEYED-HASHEM , Moghtaderi MOHSEN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Here, we report a rare case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed a bilateral dendritic epithelial keratitis without retinitisCase presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran due to dyspnea and dry cough along with weakness, lethargy and weight loss resulting from acute myeloblastic leukemia. She was treated for systemic problem. In a while after developing pain, burning, redness of the eyes and ocular mucopurulent discharge, ocular symptoms began. The patient was initially treated with oral acyclovir with a possible diagnosis of Herpes simplex virus Keratitis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed on ocular discharge specimens collected by soft-tipped applicators reported as CMV. Then, acyclovir was discontinued and bilateral CMV keratitis treated with IV Ganciclovir and her epithelial lesions gradually disappeared. Conclusions: CMV is capable of generating corneal epithelial engagement without corneal endothelium and retina involvement and demonstrated that CMV keratitis can be a rare cause but an emergent problem of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Therefore, in any cases with bilateral corneal herpes keratitis, the patient should be evaluated for immune system deficiency.
Tamarix Articulata Exhibits Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Activity by Modulating PI3K-Akt and TGF-β-Mediated Downstream Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Alnuqaydan Abdullah M , Almutary Abdulmajeed G , Alajlan Abdullah M , Tamim Abdullah Al , Alowaifeer Abdullah , Rather Mohd Younus , Rah Bilal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Anticancer drugs mainly kill tumor cells through the apoptosis mechanism, but they can become ineffective when tumor cells are metastatic. Thus, searching for plant-based extracts/compounds to curtail metastasis is extremely important. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of Tamarix articulata (TA) extract against prostate cancer cells. MTT, Brd U, and trypan blue assays was performed to evaluate the cell viability. TUNEL assay were performed to determine apoptotic cells. Clonogenic, wound healing and Boyden chamber assay were conducted to evaluate the anti-clonogenic, anti-motility, and anti-invasive potential of TA. Zymography and immunoblotting were done to check the activity and expression of metalloproteases and proteins associated with metastasis. Our results demonstrated that TA extract significantly inhibits cell viability, clonogenic property, and displays IC₅₀ values in the 245–289 µg/mL range. TA extract significantly abrogates the motility and invasive property of LnCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TA extract downregulates the expression of PI3K-Akt/TGF-β-SMAD2/3 and MMP-2/-9 with concomitant upregulation of TIMP1 expression in LnCaP cells. Additionally, we observe a dose-dependent downregulation of snail and vimentin with the upregulation of E-cadherin protein expression in LnCaP cells. In conclusions, TA extract exhibits an antiproliferative effect, abrogates cell motility and invasion by downregulating PI3K-Akt/TGF-β-SMAD2/3, MMP-2/9, snail, and vimentin with concomitant upregulation of E-cadherin and TIMP1 expression in prostate cancer cells.
Xa7 , A Small Orphan Gene Harboring Promoter Trap for AvrXa7, Leads to the Durable Resistance to Xanthomonasoryzae pv. Oryzae.
Authors: Wang Congying , Chen Shen , Feng Aiqing , Su Jing , Wang Wenjuan , Feng Jinqi , Chen Bing , Zhang Meiying , Yang Jianyuan , Zeng Liexian , Zhu Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe rice (Oryza sativa) gene Xa7 has been hypothesized to be a typical executor resistance gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and has conferred durable resistance in the field for decades. Its identity and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain elusive.Results Here, we filled in gaps of genome in Xa7 mapping locus via BAC library construction, revealing the presence of a 100-kb non-collinear sequence in the line IRBB7 compared with Nipponbare reference genomes. Complementary transformation with sequentially overlapping subclones of the BACs demonstrated that Xa7 is an orphan gene, encoding a small novel protein distinct from any other resistance proteins reported. A 27-bp effector binding element (EBE) in the Xa7 promoter is essential for AvrXa7-inducing expression model. XA7 is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and triggers programmed cell death in rice and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The Xa7 gene is absent in most cultivars, landraces and wild rice accessions, but highly homologs of XA7 were identified in Leersia perrieri, the nearest outgroup of the genus Oryza.ConclusionsXa7 acts as a trap to perceive AvrXa7 via EBEAvrXa7 in its promoter, leading to the initiation of resistant reaction. Since EBEAvrXa7 is ubiquitous in promoter of rice susceptible gene SWEET14, the elevated expression of which is conducive to the proliferation of Xoo, that lends a great benefit for the Xoo strains retaining AvrXa7. As a result, varieties harboring Xa7 would show more durable resistance in the field. Xa7 alleles analysis suggests that the discovery of new resistance genes need not be limited to wild rice, but could instead be extended to wild grass such as Leersia genus.
WITHDRAWN: Precise Engineering of Nanoassembled Corilagin Small Molecule into Supramolecular Nanoparticles for the Treatment and Care against Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Gao Yan , Zhang Yongai , Li Jing , Zhang Haimiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in the world and responsible for a significant percentage of women's deaths. In spite of advances in clinical and medical techniques, cervical cancer is indeed a big challenge. Latest treatments to breast cancer include surgical reduction, radiotherapy, estrogen treatment and the use of multiple chemotherapeutic medications. However, drug resistance, related severe adverse reactions, metastases and recurrence risks do need to be tackled, involving safe and alternate methods. Herein, we present tumor-specific targeting supramolecular nanoassembly, and therapeutically to overcome the different challenges raised by the distribution of the pharmaceutical potential anticancer drug Corilagin. On covalent conjugations of hydrophobic linoleic acid by carboxylic group, the Corilagin prodrugs were skilled in impulsively nanoassembly into extremely stable nanoparticles size (~ 100 nm). Electron microscopic techniques have examined the newly synthesized morphology of Corilagin-NPs. The anticancer properties of Corilagin and Corilagin-NPs against CaSki and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cancer cell lines have been evaluated after successful synthesis. Other research, such as dual staining acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst 33344 and flow cytometry study on the apoptosis mechanisms, have shown that proliferation in cervical cancer cells is associated with apoptosis. Compared to Corilagin, Corilagin-NPs demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, this study clarified the Corilagin-NPs as a healthy and cervical cancer care chemotherapeutics technique and deserve further clinical evaluations.
The cutting behavior of cortical bone in different bone osten cutting angles and depths of cut
Authors: Luo Yuanqiang , Ren Yinghui , Shu Yang , Mao Cong , Zhou Zhixiong , Bi Zhuming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cortical bones are semi-brittle and anisotropic, this brings the challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting processes in surgeries. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical model to represent cutting processes of cortical bones, and we used to evaluate cutting forces and fracture toughness, and investigate the formations of chips and cracks under varying bone osteon cutting angles and depths. To validate the proposed model, the experiments are conducted on orthogonal cuttings over cortical bones to investigate the impact of bone osteon cutting angle and depth on cutting force, crack initialization and growth, and fracture toughness of cortical bone microstructure. The experimental results highly agreed with the prediction by the proposed model in sense that (1) curly, serrated, grainy and powdery chips were formed when the cutting angle was set as 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively. (2) Bone materials were removed dominantly by shearing at a small depth of cut from 10 to 50 µm, and by a mixture of pealing, shearing, and bending at a large depth of cut over 100 µm at different cutting orientations. Moreover, it was found that a cutting path along the direction of crack initialization and propagation benefited to suppress the fluctuation of cutting force thus reduce the vibration. The presented model has theoretical and practical significance in optimizing cutting tools and operational parameters in surgeries.
Reassess Young Breast Cancer Risk Factor in Mainland of Penang, Malaysia
Authors: AMRAN FITREENA ANIS , Saupi Mohd Fareez Hairi Mohd , Teh Jun Xian , Vellasamy Nagarajan T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionUntil today, there is no clear cut off point for age in young breast cancer. Multiple studies have shown that breast cancer among women diagnosed before age of 40 is increasing in trend and have poorer survival rate. Incidence rate among Malaysian breast cancer from the age of 25 and below 40 is also increasing in trend. This is first paper in Malaysia to ascertain the risk factors among young breast cancer in mainland of Penang state, MalaysiaMethodThis is a retrospective study which includes young women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1st January 2015 until 31st December 2019, from HSJ cluster hospitals. Inclusion criteria are 40 years old and below at the age of diagnosis of breast cancer, female and complete sociodemographic data. ResultThis study has shown that 17.07% of women with young breast cancer are age before 31 years old and most are age from 36 to 40 years old. Young age at menarche (12 years old and below), positive family history of breast cancer, use of oral contraceptive pill, breastfeeding history and pregnancy history (parity at least 1 and above) are strongly associated with increased risk of young breast cancer with P-value<0.05. ConclusionThis is a small-scale study on young breast cancer patient. Larger population study should be performed to confirm this findings and dwell further on other possible risk factors.
Brain endothelial LRP1 maintains blood brain-barrier integrity
Authors: Storck Steffen , Pietrzik Claus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The entry of blood-borne molecules into the brain is restricted by the blood brain-barrier (BBB). Various physical, transport and immune properties tightly regulate molecule movement between the blood and the brain to maintain brain homeostasis. A recent study utilizing a pan-endothelial, constitutive Tie2-Cre showed that paracellular passage of blood proteins into the brain is governed by endocytic and cell signaling protein low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1). Taking advantage of conditional Slco1c1-CreERT2 specific to CNS endothelial cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells we now supplement previous results and show that brain endothelial Lrp1 ablation results protease-mediated tight junction degradation, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) reduction and a loss of BBB integrity.
Differential Microbial Assemblages Associated with Shikonin-producing Borage Species in Two Distinct Soil Types
Authors: Fazal Aliya , Yang Minkai , Wen Zhongling , Ali Farman , Ren Ran , Hao Chenyu , Chen Xingyu , Fu Jiangyan , Wang Xuan , Jie Wencai , Yin Tongming , Lu Guihua , Qi Jinliang , Yang Yonghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are the main components of traditional Chinese medicine, Zicao. The pharmacological potential of shikonin and its derivatives have been extensively studied. Yet, less is known about the microbial assemblages associated with shikonin producing Borage plants. We studied microbial profiles of two Borage species, Echium plantagineum (EP) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE), to identify the dynamics of microbial colonization pattern within three rhizo-compatments and two distinct soil types. Results of α and β-diversity via PacBio sequencing revealed significantly higher microbial richness and diversity in the natural soil along with a decreasing microbial gradient across rhizosphere to endosphere. Our results displayed genotype and soil type–dependent fine-tuning of microbial profiles. The host plant was found to exert effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil, resulting in reproducibly different micro-biota. Analysis of differentially abundant microbial OTUs displayed, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes to be specifically enriched in EP and LE rhizosphere while endosphere was mostly prevailed by Cyanobacteria. Network analysis to unfold co-existing microbial species displayed different types of positive and negative interactions within different communities. The baseline data provided here will help to identify microbes associated with different rhizo-compartments of potential host plants. In the future, this might be helpful for manipulating the keystone microbes for ecosystem functioning.
The Impacts of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Education Expenditure on CO2 Emission Intensity of Real GDP in China
Authors: Huang He , Deng Qiushi , Li Liang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWith the economic development, China has become the world's largest CO2 emitter. Given that climate warming has increasingly become the focus of the international community, Chinese government committed to reducing its CO2 emission intensity substantially. Prior studies find that the evolution of economic structure and technological progress can reduce CO2 emissions, but lack of considering CO2 emissions and output as a whole. In addition, the role of education expenditure is relatively overlooked. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the link of CO2 emission intensity, non-renewable energy consumption and education expenditure in China during 1971-2014. ResultsWe use the ARDL approach and find that in the long run, every 1% increase in non-renewable energy consumption results in a 0.92% increase in CO2 intensity, while every 1% increase in operational education expenditure reduces the CO2 intensity by 0.86%. In the short term, 36% of the deviation from the long run equilibrium is corrected in the next period.ConclusionsWe draw out two important conclusions and make important policy recommendations. First and foremost, as long as the increase in operational educational expenditure exceeds the increase in non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 intensity of real GDP will decrease in the long run. This means that in the development stage when economic activities are still highly dependent on non-renewable energy sources, the Chinese government should continue to vigorously increase expenditures on public education. Second, the increase in non-renewable energy consumption will result in an increase in CO2 intensity of real GDP. Therefore, gradually increasing the proportion of clean energy consumption in the energy nexus is another powerful starting point for China to achieve its goal of reducing CO2 intensity of real GDP.JEL ClassificationC32. I2. Q4. Q53. Q56.
Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery for Macroadenomas: New Understanding of Pseudocapsules
Authors: Wu Zhuqing , Xu Jiang , Zheng Zijian , Ai Yunzhi , Li Meihua , Hong Tao , Zhou Dongwei , Duan Jian , Lu Guohui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeExtracapsular resection of pituitary microadenomas has been widely reported, but only a few studies have carried out further investigations in macroadenomas, especially using the endonasal endoscopic approach. The authors of this study combined not only the interoperative characteristics of pituitary adenomas and pseudocapsules but also the surgical technique, outcomes and complications in macroadenomas to investigate the pseudocapsule.MethodsIn total, 143 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas (maximum diameter 15 - 40 mm) who underwent endoscopic endonasal-transsphenoidal surgery between January 1, 2017, and August 1, 2019, were included in the study. ResultsAmong 143 patients, 48 patients had an intact pseudocapsule, 56 patients possessed an incomplete pseudocapsule and the remaining 38 patients had no pseudocapsule. A white and thick pseudocapsule was more frequent (p=0.016) in fibrous adenomas, but tumor fibrosis (p=0.004) and adenoma apoplexy (p<0.001) were the factors that predicted the pseudocapsular integrity and hindered en bloc extracapsular resection according to a logistic regression analysis. In addition, the adenoma size (p=0.185) did not influence pseudocapsular integrity. Partial capsulectomy for macroadenomas did not show a significant advantage over piecemeal resection in gross total tumor resection (GTR) or biochemical remission (p=0.731 and p=0.685, respectively), but GTR in whole capsular resection was 100%. Additionally, this resection method had a higher risk of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p=0.010) and a lower incidence of new hormone deficit (p=0.043) than piecemeal resection.ConclusionsThe pseudocapsule widely exists in pituitary macroadenomas and extracapsular resection can improve GTR and hormone remission rate and reduce the occurrence of postoperative pituitary dysfunction in short-time.