bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Firefighters in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service – A Descriptive Study
Authors: Ras Jaron , Leach Lloyd 
Published: January 2021

Background Over 45% of firefighter deaths are attributable to sudden cardiac death related to coronary artery disease (CAD), with many of these deaths attributed to comorbidities. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in firefighters in the City of Cape Town (CoCT). Design and methods The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 124 full-time firefighters were conveniently recruited between September and November 2019 from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. Results The most prevalent CAD risk factors among firefighters were hypertension (33.1%), obesity (37.1%), cigarette smoking (39.5%) and dyslipidaemia (40.3%). A total of 41.9% of firefighters were categorized as low-risk, 54.8% as moderate-risk, and 3.2% as high-risk for CAD. Conclusion The majority of firefighters had at least one CAD risk factor, with older males having the highest prevalence of multiple CAD risk factors. Compared to other regions of the world, the (CoCT) firefighters have higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia and cigarette smoking. Preventative behavioural strategies and education on CAD should be promoted to mitigate the development of CAD.
Right to Life in the American Medical System
Authors: Cavanagh Denis 
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the impact of the so called “culture of death” on medical practice in United States (US). In fact, in America, while the pretence is being kept up on the importance of the Hippocratic oath and the evangelic benevolence of the Good Samaritan, the strategy of the secular humanists is to try to make these irrelevant in the twin interests of social convenience and fiscal security. This campaign has been quietly waged in the media, in the courts, in public schools and universities. According this strategy, the threats to human life are, namely, two: abortion and euthanasia.
On the first issue, in US the situation is discouraging because the US Supreme Court rulings Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton in 1973, that have made abortion a woman’s choice for any reason in the first and second trimester and available with medical consultation for almost any reason in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Regarding the euthanasia, the campaign strategy is following the same pattern as that used to legalize abortion: the Euthanasia Lobby is claiming that millions of people in America are suffering unbearable pain because of terminal illness and so ought to have the right to end their pain with physician- assisted suicide.
On the contrary, the author assert that there is no right to destroy any human life or participate in its destruction and there is no good moral reason for abortion or euthanasia, including the physician-assisted suicide. Finally, the author think that it is vital that Catholic activists, allied with Christian church-going brethren, should resist with all the power they can muster to the “culture of death”.
Bioetica clinica - Problemi etici nella diagnostica occupazionale
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Sacco Angelo , De Lorenzo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

La diagnosi eziologica di malattia professionale riveste particolare importanza, in quanto non solo consente l’adozione di idonee misure preventive, terapeutiche ed assicurative a favore del paziente, ma anche di interventi migliorativi dell’ambiente di lavoro, il cui beneficio può essere goduto dall’insieme della comunità lavorativa.
Per una corretta impostazione del rapporto costi/benefici, occorre che gli accertamenti diagnostici siano accuratamente pianificati. Nelle fasi di screening si deve avere cura di assicurare ai lavoratori le stesse condizioni di informazione e segretezza che si rispettano nella diagnostica generale. Nella più complessa diagnostica eziologica delle malattie professionali, la decisione circa il tipo e l’approfondimento degli esami deve essere presa caso per caso, tenendo conto, secondo un’ottica personalistica, delle condizioni del singolo paziente e del vantaggio che egli può ricavare dall’esame. Considerazioni etiche, legate al rispetto del paziente, indurranno a condotte diagnostiche differenziate in casi apparentemente simili. Allo scopo di esemplificare tale possibilità, vengono esposti due casi clinici.
Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IL17A and their association with acne severity in patients with severe and very severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Elkamshoushi AbdelAal M. , Elneily Dalia A. , Omar Shaimaa I. , Mohamed Halla M. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Vitamin D deficiency and interleukin-17 (IL17) excess production have been detected in many inflammatory skin diseases. Acne vulgaris is a well-known inflammatory skin disease for which numerous treatment guidelines have been published, with limited success in several situations.

Objective
To evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] and IL17 levels from the patients’ serum and acne vulgaris. To determine the therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation on severe acne.

Patients and methods
This case–control study was conducted on 30 patients with severe and very severe acne vulgaris. The severity of the disease was determined by Global acne grading system (GAGS). Moreover, 15 controls were recruited. Serum levels of 25 (OH) D and IL17A were measured at the baseline in all studied participants. After that, the patients with acne with detected vitamin D hypovitaminosis were given an oral dose of 4000 IU cholecalciferol daily for 3 months, and in this selected group, serum 25 (OH) D and IL17A levels along with GAGS score were measured again at the end of the treatment.

Results
The mean serum concentration of 25 (OH) D and IL17A in patients with severe acne was statistically different from the controls. Acne severity was negatively correlated with the vitamin D serum level and positively correlated with the IL17A serum level. After supplementation, significant improvement of both the median GAGS score and IL17A serum level was found.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency might be related to the severity of acne vulgaris, and its supplementation may help ameliorate inflammatory lesions of severe acne through its immunomodulatory effect.
Prolactin and vitiligo
Authors: El-Hanafy Ghada M. , Shaker Olfat G. , Ihab Aya , Abdelkader Heba A. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The exact cause of vitiligo remains unclear. Several theories have been proposed, including autoimmune and neuroendocrine theories. Prolactin has been studied as an immunomodulatory factor in several autoimmune diseases. Regarding vitiligo, previous studies revealed contradictory results. This is the first study to assess tissue prolactin and prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression in vitiligo.

Objective
To measure the level of serum prolactin, tissue prolactin, as well as PRLR in patients with vitiligo vulgaris and controls to verify their possible role in vitiligo pathogenesis.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was conducted on 40 participants: 20 patients with vitiligo and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken to determine the serum prolactin level (ng/ml). Skin biopsies were obtained from the lesional skin of patients and normal skin of controls to determine the level of tissue prolactin (ng/mg) and PRLR (ng/g) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Serum and tissue prolactin and PRLR levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Tissue prolactin level had a positive correlation with PRLR level (r=0.739, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, mainly from an intracutaneous position where an autocrine/paracrine loop could have a larger share.
Comparable efficacy of platelet-rich plasma against platelet-poor plasma in stable vitiligo on concurrent psoralen+sunlight therapy
Authors: Agarwal Neni , Gahalaut Pratik , Mishra Nitin , Rastogi Madhur Kant , Mehra Mriganka , Varshney Ajitesh P. 
Published: January 2021

Background
There is a constant search for an ideal treatment for vitiligo. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a novel modality for treating stable vitiligo. Presently, literature regarding the efficacy of combining either PRP or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) with psoralen+sunlight (PUVASOL) in vitiligo does not exist.

Objective
This study compares the safety and efficacy of combining PUVASOL with either PRP or PPP against PUVASOL alone in patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo.

Patients and methods
This prospective, open-labeled, comparative study was done in 20 patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo, each having at least three vitiligo patches of similar shape and size. All the patients received PUVASOL as standard treatment modality. PRP or PPP was injected into two separate study patches as an adjuvant treatment with PUVASOL; however, the third patch acted as a control and was treated by PUVASOL alone. These patients were followed up for 4 weeks after the end of four treatment sessions.

Results
Compared with control areas (exposed to PUVASOL only), statistically significant more repigmentation was seen in areas treated with a platelet preparation (either PRP or PPP) along with PUVASOL. However, there was no significant difference between PRP and PPP arm (P=0.824) as per qualitative and quantitative assessment.

Conclusion
Addition of a platelet preparation (either PRP or PPP) had an additive beneficial effect on the response of PUVASOL therapy in patients with stable vitiligo at the study end point of 16 weeks. However, PRP and PPP showed comparable efficacy at the study end point in terms of repigmentation when used in conjunction with PUVASOL.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted topical steroid delivery versus intralesional steroid in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Soror Osama A. , Abdel-Bary Ahmed , Khalil Basma M. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Alopecia areata is a common disease that affects the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. No single treatment option is proved to be effective and safe in its management. Laser-assisted drug delivery is a new method for the management of different dermatological diseases.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted topical steroid delivery in the management of alopecia areata.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 patients with alopecia areata with two or more nonadjacent patches were included. Patients were randomized and given two separate treatment modalities in two different patches in the same individual. One patch was treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by topical triamcinolone acetonide (group I), and the other was treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (group II). Follow-ups by MacDonald Hull and Norris grading were done every 3 weeks for 3 months.

Results
The mean grading score in group I patches treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser followed by the topical steroid application at fourth follow-up was 3.37±0.76, and the mean grading score in group II patches treated with intralesional steroid at fourth follow-up was 3.73±0.58. There was significant improvement in the MacDonald Hull and Norris grading score every follow-up in both groups. However, group II patches showed significantly higher mean grading score as compared with group I patches. The mean pain score in group II patches was significantly higher than that in group I patches.

Conclusion
The use of fractional carbon dioxide laser to assist topical steroid delivery is a promising, safe, and effective method for the treatment of alopecia areata. Although intralesional steroid treatment showed more significant results, we thought that the low pain score in patients treated with laser-assisted drug delivery is more advantage, which increases their compliance to treatment.
Nocardiosis at an Organ Transplant Center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Weheba Ihab , Abdelsayed Abeer , Alrajhi Abdulrahman A. , Al-Thawadi Sahar I. , Mobeireek Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Nocardiosis is a rare infection that affects immunocompromised patients on immunosuppressive medications used for transplantation and cancer therapy. Such therapies are becoming more widely available in the Middle East region. Yet, reports on nocardiosis are scarce.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of patients who were diagnosed with nocardiosis from 2004 to 2018 at a transplantation and cancer center. Nocardiosis were defined per the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria.

Results:
During the study period, 35 patients with nocardiosis (male: 68.5%) were identified. The most common underlying associated condition was transplantation 11 (31.4%), followed by malignancy 7 (20%), connective tissue disease and sarcoidosis 7 (20%), chronic lung disease 5 (14%), miscellaneous conditions 4 (11%), and one patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Nocardia was disseminated in 8 patients (22.9%) and isolated in 27 (77.1%); the latter included 13 patients (37.1%) with bronchial form, 11 (31.4%) with isolated visceral form, and 3 (8.6%) with cutaneous form. Pulmonary involvement occurred in 90% of the cases with cough, fever, and dyspnea being the most common symptoms. The main strain isolate was Nocardia asteroides, and the cure rate was 90%. Mortality related to nocardiosis occurred in 3 transplant patients (8.6%).

Conclusion:
Wider use of immunosuppressive therapy warrants vigilance to nocardiosis, which can present in a myriad of clinical forms. In our series, mortality was confined to the transplantation group, probably because of the relatively heavy immunosuppression. Nonetheless, prognosis is favorable if the infection is recognized and treated early.
The Effect Of Reward And Punishment To The Performance Of PT. Telesindo Shop Tanjungpinang Employees
Authors: Sandra Evita 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of awards and penalties for the performance of PT Telesindo Shop Tanjungpinang Employees. The population is 59 people with a sample of 59 employees of PT. Telesindo Shop Tanjungpinang Employees. The data analysis model uses descriptive analysis, data quality test( validity and reliability test) , multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and determinant coefficient test. The test results showed the performance of employees of PT. Telesindo Shop Tanjungpinang Employees with multiple linear regression method shows Y= -2,975 + 0.584 X1 + 0.761 X2 + e with the value of the regression coefficient of the reward variable (X1) = 0.584, the coefficient of regression of the penalty variable (X2) = 0.761. T test results obtained award variable (X1) t calculate > t table (4,862 > 2,003) and sig value. 0,000. Variable penalty (X2) t calculate > t table (2,413 > 2,003) and sig value. 0.019. The results showed that variable awards and punishments simultaneously and partially had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Telesindo Shop Tanjungpinang Employees, with contributions from R Square 0.383 or 38.3% of employee performance was affected by awards and penalties, while the remaining 61.7% were influenced by other factors that were not participated in this study.
RESENSI BUKU : THE LOST HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY
Authors: WINARTO AMOS 
Published: January 2021

Pada umumnya orang-orang cenderung memandang sejarah Kekristenan melalui kacamata daratan Eropa. Paradigma demikian berpendapat bahwa Kekristenan berasal dari Eropa dan berkembang ke seluruh dunia melalui expansi dan kolonialisasi. Bagi Jenkins paradigma ini adalah sebuah paradigma yang sangat sempit dan mengabaikan sejarah panjang iman Kristen di Afrika dan Asia. Ia hendak mengoreksi paradigm yang tidak tepat ini melalui bukunya (43).
KEBUNTUAN RELASI ATAU LEGITIMASI KEKERASAN: JARINGAN INTERAKSI ANTARA PERILAKU KORUP AKHAN DAN POTENSI CORPORATE SIN DALAM YOSUA 7
Authors: Djuharto Gumulya 
Published: January 2021

The presence of elements of violence and vengeance in Joshua 7 has always intrigued scholars. This study first presents a brief survey of Joshua 7 based on the interpretations of scholars in making the text understandable, reliable and therefore applicable to the current contexts. After that, I propose the relation impasses as the key to understand the text that displayed the web interaction between the corrupt attitude of one person (i.e. Achan) and the potential of the corporate sin (i.e. Israel’s community). The analysis of the participant-reference shifts in Joshua 7 proved that potency. And because of that serious threat, the coming judgment was an inevitable outcome to Achan and his family. Kehadiran elemen kekerasan dan pembalasan dendam dalam Yosua 7 selalu menarik perhatian para ahli. Pertama-tama, studi ini akan menampilkan survei singkat tentang Yosua 7 berdasarkan penafsiran-penafsiran para ahli untuk membuat teks ini dapat dimengerti dan dipercaya sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks sekarang. Setelah itu, penulis mengusulkan kebuntuan relasi sebagai kunci untuk memahami teks yang menampilkan jaringan interaksi antara sikap korup seseorang (yaitu Akhan) dan potensi terjadinya dosa komunitas (yaitu komunitas Israel). Analisa perubahan-perubahan partisipan dan referensi di Yosua 7 membuktikan potensi dosa corporate sin tersebut. Oleh karena ancaman yang serius itu, penghakiman yang terjadi adalah akibat yang tidak dapat terelakkan lagi bagi Akhan dan keluarganya.
RESENSI BUKU : THE STORY OF ISRAEL
Authors: SIN SIA KOK 
Published: January 2021

Buku ini lahir dari pendapat beberapa dosen Biblika dari Ouachita Baptist University yang menyatakan adanya kebutuhan satu jilid buku yang baik dalam bidang Teologi Biblika (p.9). Buku ini bukanlah karya satu orang, tetapi merupakan karya bersama dari 6 dosen Biblika. Dalam buku ini para penulis berpendapat bahwa Kisah Israel (Story of Israel) adalah suatu tema utama yang mengalir dalam seluruh Alkitab (PL dan PB) dan mempersatukan kedua Perjanjian itu secara teologis. (p.9).
NGOPI: MEMAKNAI AKTIVITAS MINUM KOPI DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA POPULER
Authors: Djami Michael Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

Ngopi or drinking coffee is an activity that many people do, from the young to the old, from students to office employees. But, ngopi or the activity of drinking coffee has experienced the development of meaning in popular culture. Ngopi is no longer interpreted as a consumptive activity only. Ngopi can also be interpreted as a productive activity as well as a spiritual activity. The meaning of ngopi as a consumptive and productive activity in this paper is inspired by the writing of F. X. Rudi Setiawan, entitled "Eating as a Productive Activity: A Philosophical Review of Eating From a Foucaultian Perspective". But in this paper, the author also includes the meaning of ngopi as a spiritual activity.Ngopi atau minum kopi adalah aktivitas yang banyak dilakukan orang, dari yang muda sampai yang tua, dari pelajar hingga karyawan kantor. Tapi, ngopi atau aktivitas minum kopi telah mengalami perkembangan makna dalam konteks budaya populer. Ngopi tidak lagi diartikan sebagai kegiatan konsumtif saja. Ngopi juga bisa diartikan sebagai aktivitas produktif dan aktivitas spiritual. Pemaknaan ngopi sebagai aktivitas konsumtif dan aktivitas produktif dalam tulisan ini diinspirasikan oleh tulisan F. X. Rudi Setiawan yang berjudul “Makan Sebagai Aktivitas Produktif: Tinjauan Filosofis Tentang Makan Dari Perspektif Foucaultian”. Namun pada tulisan ini, penulis juga memasukkan pemaknaan ngopi sebagai aktivitas spiritual.
RESENSI BUKU : BUILDING A STRONG YOUTH MINISTRY
Authors: MUTAK ALFIUS ARENG 
Published: January 2021

Penulis menyajikan paling tidak lima pertanyaan yang menimbulkan jalan buntu dalam pelayanan kaum muda yaitu: - Tidak mampukah anda melontarkan gagasan yang baik walaupun hanya sedikit? – Mampukah anda mencegah kami dari kegagalan? – Bersediakah anda membantu gereja saya agar mengerti bahwa dalam pelayanan jumlah tidaklah penting? – Mampukah anda mengeluarkan saya dari permainan politik ini? (hal 19-28)
KEKERASAN HATI FIRAUN DALAM KITAB KELUARAN : TINDAKAN PRIBADI ATAU TINDAKAN ALLAH
Authors: SIN SIA KOK 
Published: January 2021

Kekerasan hati Firaun dalam kitab Keluaran merupakan topik perdebatan teologis yang hangat. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah apakah kekerasan hati itu merupakan kehendak bebas Firaun atau “predetermination” Allah. Kekerasan hati Firaun merupakan salah satu persoalan teologis dalam kitab Keluaran. khususnya kalau kekerasan hati itu merupakan akibat dari tindakan Allah yang mengeraskannya. Apakah adil jika Allah yang mengeraskan hati Firaun, Ia juga yang menghukum Firaun oleh karena kekerasan hati itu? Urutan pemunculan ungkapan “Allah mengeraskan hati Firaun” (Kel. 4:21; 7:3) yang mendahului ungkapan “Hati Firaun berkeras” (Kel. 7:13) atau “Firaun tetap berkeras hati” (Kel. 8:15) menimbulkan kesan bahwa Allah yang pertama-tama mengeraskan hati Firaun dan bukannya tindakan atau pribadi Firaun untuk mengeraskan hatinya. Pemecahan terhadap masalah ini ada pada pertama, penyelidikan ungkapan “Allah mengeraskan Firaun” (Kel. 4:21, 7:3) atau lebih tepatnya “Allah akan mengeraskan hati Firaun itu” muncul dalam bentuk YQTL (imperfect). Bentuk ini menyatakan bahwa memang Allah sedang atau akan membuat hati Firaun keras, tetapi tak menunjuk secara khusus kapan Ia melakukannya. Kedua, Kel. 3:19 menyatakan bahwa dalam kemahatahuan-Nya Allah telah tahu bahwa raja Mesir atau Firaun akan “mengeraskan hatinya” dengan tidak membiarkan Israel pergi dari Mesir. Firaun hanya akan melepaskan Israel setelah melewati penghukuman yang keras. Ayat ini penting oleh karena menyatakan bahwa Allah telah mengetahui bahwa Firaun akan mengeraskan hatinya. Perihal bahwa Allah juga akan mengeraskan hati Firaun tidak lagi menjadi masalah, oleh karena Firaun sendiri yang memulai mengeraskan hatinya. Tindakan Allah mengeraskan hati Firaun akan menambah kekerasan hati Firaun.Kata Kunci: kekerasan hati, Firaun, Allah
SPIRITUALITAS AMNESIA VERSUS SPIRITUALITAS : SUATU RFELEKSI DALAM KOMUITAS HIDUP GEREJA
Authors: LERE DAWA MARIANI FEBRIANA 
Published: January 2021

Spiritualitas anamnesis bertemu dengan spiritualitas amnesia, suatu kebangkitan bertemu dengan kematian dan ketertiduran. Namun dalam pertemuan dan bahkan pertarungan diantara keduanya diupayakan agar anamnesis mendapat tempat utamanya. Anamnesis menolong gereja, yang terbenam dan terbuai dalam ranjang amnesia, terbangun; Terbangun dari mimpi, yang palsu menuju kepada suatu realitas yang otentik dari kehidupan. Perkataan anamnesis dari Kristus dan tulisan perjamuan kudus dari Paulus menegaskan bahwa anamnesis bukan sekedar mengingat yang bersifat historis, melainkan mengingat yang mengarah kepada pertemuan dengan identitas diri serta terintegrasi dalam pengalaman eksistensial diri sebagai individu dan sebagai gereja yang bersifat korporat, bahwa sesungguhnya gereja Yesus Kristus, yang diutus kedalam dunia adalah gereja yang dapat bertumbuh dalam kesatuan diri dengan Kristus, dan sesama. Anamnesis mengingatkan apa itu gereja dan kemanakah gereja sedang melangkah, dalam tujuan eskaton. Itulah sebabnya mentalitas dan pisau pembedahan dari anamnesis membuat kita masuk dalam panggilan apa arti menjadi murid Yesus dalam dunia. Anamnesis mengingatkan bangkit dari realita tidur masa lalu menuju pada realita terjaga hari ini dan dimasa depan. Kata Kunci: Spiritualitas, amnesia, anamnesis, perjamuan kudus, jati diri, gereja dan panggilan.