bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P688: North Dakota Mission: Lifeline Stroke Public Awareness Survey Campaign Results Indicate Significant Improvements
Authors: Cook Mindy , Sather Jeffrey A , Drofa Alexander , Meyer Chrissy , Pietrzak Janna 
Published: March 2021

The American Heart Association (AHA) Mission: Lifeline Stroke program is a 3-year initiative in North Dakota which aims to improve guideline-based care of stroke patients. Improving outcomes involves widespread awareness of stroke symptoms, early recognition, and timely access to emergency health care services.
The purpose was to evaluate effectiveness of the public awareness campaign through a pre and post survey in 2018 and 2020 which assessed knowledge of the F.A.S.T acronym, actions and behaviors when stroke is suspected, and media preferences.
The AHA commissioned Marketing & Advertising Business Unlimited, Inc., to conduct four hundred phone interviews in 2018 and 2020. Residents were randomly selected from a list of 24,000 landlines and 8,000 mobile phones. Data was weighted by gender, age, and region to conform to the latest statewide census. The survey had a 4.9% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval.
Respondents reported having learned the signs and symptoms of stroke increased from 47.0% in 2018 to 68.3% in 2020. Awareness of symptoms changed as follows from 2018 to 2020: face related 30.0% to 43.1%; arm related 17.0% to 32.8%; speech related 39.0% to 41.0%. When asked what they would do first if stroke was suspected “Call 9-1-1- immediately” 64.0% to 70.7%, assess for F.A.S.T. symptoms then call 9-1-1 3% to 14.2%, drive themselves to the hospital 14% to 7.3% respectively in 2018 to 2020 . When asked if It would be better to transport someone experiencing stroke symptoms to a hospital by personal vehicle because driving could be faster than an ambulance in 2020 65% urban and 46% rural respondents disagreed.
Media preferences were: 1) F.A.S.T. acronym over other longer options, 2) visuals with real humans 3) tagline “Care Starts When You Call”. In 2020 60% of respondents recalled advertisements about stroke signs and symptoms in the past 12 months. They recalled seeing messaging on: TV: 74.1%, Facebook: 20.1%, Radio: 19.1%, Billboard: 14.1%.
Overall, the ND M:L public awareness communications were shown to have improved stroke symptom awareness and inclination to activate emergency services during a potential stroke. A preference for private vehicle presentation was noted in the rural cohort where transport time appears to be an influencing factor.
Abstract P815: Decoding the Cross-Talk Between Grafted Neural Stem Cells and Host Brain to Predict the Molecular Mechanisms of Stem Cell-Induced Functional Recovery After Stroke
Authors: Tigchelaar Seth S , Azevedo-Pereira Ricardo L , Dong Chen , liang xibin , Bliss Tonya , Steinberg Gary 
Published: March 2021

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death in the united states. The development of new therapies for stroke are sorely needed. There is great hope that stem cell therapy will create a paradigm shift in the treatment of stroke patients. A barrier to ensuring clinical success of stem cell therapy is the paucity of understanding of the mechanisms by which stem cells exert their beneficial effects. Using a novel mRNA purification method, we identified 50 genes encoding extracellular space proteins, expressed by human neural stem cells (hNSCs) whose expression positively correlated with functional recovery. In this study, we focus on one of the paracrine factors from grafted hNSCs that correlated best with functional recovery, to investigate its therapeutic potential in promoting recovery after stroke.
Male nude rats underwent stroke using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) model. One week following stroke, osmotic pumps were prepared and loaded with recombinant MTN-2. The osmotic pumps were inserted into the peri-infarct area and infused recombinant MTN-2 for 5 days. Post-stroke, animals were assessed for functional recovery for 5 weeks using both the Montoya staircase test and the whisker-paw reflex test to assess for forelimb function, dexterity, side bias, and placing deficits.
After 5 weeks, brain tissue was isolated to assess glial cell morphology. Brain sections were stained with GFAP and IBA1 to visualize astrocytes and microglia, respectively. Confocal images were processed and analyzed using the Bitplane Imaris image analysis software. Output measurements of number of cells/mm2, cell volume, cell branching, and process length and thickness were obtained to characterize the changes in astrocytic and microglial response to injury and paracrine factor treatment.
By identifying paracrine factors that are responsible for the regeneration of brain tissue following implantation of hNSCs in stroke brain, this work will increase the likelihood of successful clinical translation of stem cell therapy for stroke. Moreover, elucidating these molecular pathways important for brain recovery may ultimately identify novel therapeutic targets and offer hope to millions of Americans who live with the devastating effects of stroke.
Abstract P868: Clinical Challenges of the ICU Complex Stroke Patient
Authors: Amatangelo Mary P 
Published: March 2021

Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 85% of all strokes. Reperfusion therapy with intravenous Alteplase and/or endovascular thrombectomy is mainstay of acute stroke management. Approximately 30% of ischemic stroke patients will deteriorate in the first 24 hours regardless of pharmacologic and/or mechanical intervention. 15%-20%
will
require care in an intensive care unit (ICU). Severe strokes constitute a minority of cases though are associated with a majority of subsequent disability and death. The complex stroke patient presents many clinical challenges for the ICU nurse.

This presentation will review nursing clinical challenges of the complex stroke patient in the ICU.
The ICU Nurse is challenged with a variety of complex interventions caring for the ICU stroke patient. There is a significant subset of ischemic stroke patients at risk for secondary brain injury who may benefit from critical care monitoring and intervention. Nursing assessment, treatments, goals of care, and collaboration with the interdisciplinary ICU team will be addressed.
There is evidence that care in a neuroscience-specific ICU leads to improved outcomes in traumatic brain injury, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage and reduced cost of care for neurosurgical patients. There is less direct evidence to support benefit of ICU care in ischemic stroke, but the association between care at a specialized stroke center and outcome is well established.
Recognizing nursing’s role in the care of the ICU stroke patient is key. The assessment and identification of subtle changes are imperative. Intervening with a variety of timely treatment options to eliminate complications must occur. Implementing current evidence-based practice allows for the best patient outcomes.
The ICU nurse is challenged with the early recognition and appropriate management of neurological and non-neurological complications of the stroke patient in the ICU. This can be a significant factor in reducing mortality during the acute hospitalization. Standardized care implemented by the collaboration of nursing, neurointensivist and a critical care team, can not only decrease the length of stay, though also offer a greater chance of being discharged to home.
Predictors of Daily Steps at 1-Year Poststroke
Authors: Handlery Reed , Regan Elizabeth W. , Stewart Jill C. , Pellegrini Christine , Monroe Courtney , Hainline Garrett , Handlery Kaci , Fritz Stacy L. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Walking has the potential to improve endurance and community participation after stroke. Obtaining ≥6000 daily steps can decrease subsequent stroke risk. Early identification of those prone to low daily steps could facilitate interventions that lead to increased walking and improved health. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine which factors at 2 months poststroke can predict daily step counts at 1 year and (2) determine what step count at 2 months corresponds to obtaining ≥6000 daily steps at 1-year poststroke.

Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of data from the Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke trial, which enrolled participants with walking speeds <0.80 m/second at 2 months poststroke. Daily steps were assessed at 2 months and 1-year poststroke. Linear regression was used to predict daily step counts at 1 year based on factors including age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, stroke severity, walking speed, endurance, fitness, motor function, balance, and balance confidence. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined which step count corresponded to reaching ≥6000 steps at 1 year.

Results:

Data from 206 participants, mean age=63 (13) years, 43% female, mean baseline daily step count=2922 (2749) steps, were analyzed. The final model to predict daily steps at 1 year poststroke contained daily steps at 2 months and balance (Berg Balance Scale score); these factors explained 38% of the variability in daily steps at 1 year (
P
≤0.001). Participants obtaining ≥1632 daily steps at 2 months were 1.86 (95% CI, 1.52–2.27) times more likely to reach ≥6000 daily steps at 1-year poststroke.

Conclusions:
Daily steps and balance at 2 months poststroke were the strongest predictors of future daily steps. Improving daily physical activity and targeting balance early after stroke may be necessary to increase physical activity at 1-year poststroke.
“Dressed as a Harlot and Cunning of Heart”? A New Look at the Heart of the Strange Woman in the Book of Proverbs
Authors: Kozlova Ekaterina E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The collocation נצרת לב in the profile of the strange woman in Proverbs is a well- known exegetical crux (Prov 7:10). Since in Prov 4 guarding one’s heart has a positive meaning, the phrase “guarded of heart” in the portrait of a negative character seems out of place. Traditionally scholars approached this difficulty (1) by emending the MT to לוט נצרת, i.e., picturing the woman covered with a veil; (2) by positing נצר II and reading the phrase as “tumultuous mind”; and (3) by arguing that the root in question may have the unique connotation of “cunning” or “wily” in Prov 7:10. Given the dominant death-related symbolism in the depiction of this anti-heroine, this discussion links the verb “to guard’ in Prov 7 to its usage in Isa 65:4, arguing that the strange woman is thought of as possessing a tomb-chamber for a heart and styled as the ultimate femme fatale.
Redescription of a predatory and cannibalistic nematode, Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae), from South Africa, including its first SEM study
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Abolafia Joaquín 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Butlerius butleri was isolated during a survey on free-living soil nematodes from South Africa. The South African population of B. butleri is characterised by having a large stoma divided into two chambers and bearing a thorn-like dorsal tooth, spicules 44 (41-49) μm long, gubernaculum 29 (28-30) μm long, three pairs of precloacal papillae and five pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a filiform tail 280 (204-332) μm long in females, 310 (256-356) μm long in males. The SEM observation showed the cheilostom is divided into six conical plates 2.1-2.3 μm long. Nblast of 18S rDNA revealed 99% similarity and 6-7 bp differences with the B. butleri (KP453998) from Iran. Molecular analysis of B. butleri based on the sequence of the 18S and 28S rDNA placed it together with Butlerius and close to Pseudodiplogasteroides and Diplogasteroides. This species showed predatory and cannibalistic behaviours, feeding on other B. butleri in the substrate. SEM photographs of the species are presented for the first time.
The Muslim Brotherhood: Libya as the Last Resort for the Continued Existence of the Global Movement
Authors: Hweio Haala 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fall of the first Muslim Brotherhood government in Egypt and the ban of the movement in Egypt in 2013 increased the pressure on the Brotherhood’s branch in Libya to fulfill the group’s dreams of power. Libya now remains a potential chance for the group to realize its political ambitions of control and power. The desperation of the group pushed it to take extreme measures that contradict, on many occasions, the group’s declared principles of peaceful and gradual bottom-up change. The group uses all possible means to gain complete political control over Libya, which contributes to prolonging the conflict in the country.
Remembering Our Heroes: Global Jihad’s Militancy in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Hatina Meir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many studies have been devoted to the features of global jihad (also known as Salafi jihadism), its historical development, its difference from other Salafi groups, or its struggles with ideological rivals. Little emphasis, however, has been given to global jihadists’ ideological genealogy, and hence to locating them in a comparative perspective. How did they commemorate their formative heroes, such as the medieval jurist Ibn Taymiyya and mid-twentieth century ideologues, such as Sayyid Qutb, Abu al-Aʿla al-Mawdudi, ʿAbd al-Salam Faraj, Shukri Mustafaʾ, Marwan Hadid or Saʿid Hawwa? Were these figures still perceived as cultural heroes, or were they shunned? Did their writings continue to provide sources of inspiration, or were they replaced by new manifestos? An in-depth discussion of these questions, based on a textual analysis of jihadi sources, may shed further light on global jihadists’ ideological evolution and self-perceptions. It will provide an additional prism for analyzing modern Sunni militancy, and scrutinize the extent its protagonists’ treatises match past traditions or, alternatively, deviate from them in favor of cultivated traditions, thus advancing a dissident agenda.
How Can Water Sector Cooperation Support Democratic Governance? Insights from Morocco
Authors: Houdret Annabelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes how development cooperation can actively support democratic governance through cooperation in the water sector. To answer this question, we develop an analytical approach based on democratization research and on water governance research. We tested the approach in three donor-supported water projects in Morocco and carried out over seventy interviews with key stakeholders.
Our findings show (a) key factors influencing the scope for external support for democratic governance in the water sector, (b) potential negative effects of the support when local elites grasp new resources, and (c) unintended positive spill-over effects of water projects on democratic governance within and beyond the sector (for instance, strengthening formerly marginalized groups). As these empirical findings suggest, there is a potentially large scope of action for supporting democratic governance through water sector cooperation. We therefore highlight the need for more analytical and empirical research on causal interlinkages between these two fields of intervention.
The Effect of Cognitive Load on Auditory Susceptibility During Automated Driving
Authors: Van der Heiden Remo M. A. , Kenemans J. Leon , Donker Stella F. , Janssen Christian P. 
Published: March 2021

Objective We experimentally test the effect of cognitive load on auditory susceptibility during automated driving. Background In automated vehicles, auditory alerts are frequently used to request human intervention. To ensure safe operation, human drivers need to be susceptible to auditory information. Previous work found reduced susceptibility during manual driving and in a lesser amount during automated driving. However, in practice, drivers also perform nondriving tasks during automated driving, of which the associated cognitive load may further reduce susceptibility to auditory information. We therefore study the effect of cognitive load during automated driving on auditory susceptibility. Method Twenty-four participants were driven in a simulated automated car. Concurrently, they performed a task with two levels of cognitive load: repeat a noun or generate a verb that expresses the use of this noun. Every noun was followed by a probe stimulus to elicit a neurophysiological response: the frontal P3 (fP3), which is a known indicator for the level of auditory susceptibility. Results The fP3 was significantly lower during automated driving with cognitive load compared with without. The difficulty level of the cognitive task (repeat or generate) showed no effect. Conclusion Engaging in other tasks during automated driving decreases auditory susceptibility as indicated by a reduced fP3. Application Nondriving task can create additional cognitive load. Our study shows that performing such tasks during automated driving reduces the susceptibility for auditory alerts. This can inform designers of semi-automated vehicles (SAE levels 3 and 4), where human intervention might be needed.
Research on the design and application of capillary heat exchangers for heat pumps in coastal areas
Authors: Bai Zhenpeng , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Jin , Fewkes Alan , Zhong Hua 
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the optimal design of a capillary heat exchanger device for the heat pump system and its innovative engineering application in a building. The overall aim was to use a capillary heat exchanger to obtain energy in coastal areas for promoting renewable energy in low-carbon building design. Initially, the main factors affecting the efficiency of the capillary heat exchanger were identified, a mathematical model was then established to analyse the heat transfer process. The analysis showed the flow rate and the capillary length are the key factors affecting the efficiency of the capillary heat exchanger. Secondly, to optimize the structural design of the capillary heat exchanger, the heat energy transfer is calculated with different lengths of the capillary under various flow rates in summer and winter conditions, respectively. Thirdly, a typical building is selected to analyse the application of the capillary heat exchanger for extracting energy in the coastal area. The results show the performance of the selected capillary heat exchanger heat pump system, in winter, the heat energy transfer rate is 60 W/m2 when the seawater temperature is 3.7 °C; in summer, the heat energy transfer rate is 150 W/m2 when the seawater temperature is 24.6 °C. Finally, the above field test results were examined using a numerical simulation model, the test and simulation results agree with each other quite well. This paper is conducive in promoting the development of the capillary heat exchanger heat pump as an innovative sustainable technology for net-zero energy and low carbon buildings using renewable energy in coastal areas. Practical application: A recently proposed capillary heat exchanger is used as an energy extraction and utilisation device to obtain energy in coastal areas for promoting renewable energy in low-carbon building design. This paper explores the application of a capillary heat exchanger as both cold and heat sources for application in typical low-rise buildings. The analysis of the heat energy transfer rate of a typical low-rise building located in a coastal area in summer and winter provides guidance for the application of capillary heat exchangers.
Relationships Between Oral-Mucosal Pressure Ulcers, Mechanical Conditions, and Individual Susceptibility in Intubated Patients Under Intensive Care: A PCR-Based Observational Study
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Nah Hee Sam , Kim Jin Bom , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Myoung Soo 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the relationship between oral-mucosal pressure ulcer (PU) stage and mechanical conditions and individual susceptibility in intubated patients. Methods: We collected 80 patient-days data from an intensive care unit of a 700-bed hospital in Korea. We analyzed oral-mucosal PUs, medical records, amount of saliva, and oral mucosal swabs. Bacterial abundance was enumerated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis were performed. Results: The incidence of overall oral-mucosal PUs was 31.3%, and in the maxillary and mandibular sites were 16.3% and 26.3%, respectively. There were significant correlations between the maxillary site PU stage and restraint use (r = .43, p < .001), albumin level (r = −.22, p = .046), and relative abundance of P. aeruginosa (r = .45, p < .001) and S. aureus (r = −.24, p = .033). In the mandibular sites, there were significant correlations between PU stage and restraint use (r = .30, p = .008), level of consciousness (r = .31, p = .005), and relative abundance of P. aeruginosa (r = .25, p = .028) and S. pneumoniae (r = .22, p = .046). Conclusions: Frequent monitoring and repositioning the mechanical pressure on the oral-mucosa could be an effective preventive strategy against the development and advancement of oral-mucosal PUs. Additionally, monitoring the oral microorganisms can prevent advanced stage oral-mucosal PUs in intubated patients.
A First Step Toward the Operationalization of the Learned Non-Use Phenomenon: A Delphi Study
Authors: Hirsch Theresa , Barthel Maria , Aarts Pauline , Chen Yi-An , Freivogel Susanna , Johnson Michelle J. , Jones Theresa A. , Jongsma Marijtje L. A. , Maier Martina , Punt David , Sterr Annette , Wolf Steven L. , Heise Kirstin-Friederike 
Published: March 2021

Background The negative discrepancy between residual functional capacity and reduced use of the contralesional hand, frequently observed after a brain lesion, has been termed Learned Non-Use (LNU) and is thought to depend on the interaction of neuronal mechanisms during recovery and learning-dependent mechanisms. Objective Albeit the LNU phenomenon is generally accepted to exist, currently, no transdisciplinary definition exists. Furthermore, although therapeutic approaches are implemented in clinical practice targeting LNU, no standardized diagnostic routine is described in the available literature. Our objective was to reach consensus regarding a definition as well as synthesize knowledge about the current diagnostic procedures. Methods We used a structured group communication following the Delphi method among clinical and scientific experts in the field, knowledge from both, the work with patient populations and with animal models. Results Consensus was reached regarding a transdisciplinary definition of the LNU phenomenon. Furthermore, the mode and strategy of the diagnostic process, as well as the sources of information and outcome parameters relevant for the clinical decision making, were described with a wide range showing the current lack of a consistent universal diagnostic approach. Conclusions The need for the development of a structured diagnostic procedure and its implementation into clinical practice is emphasized. Moreover, it exists a striking gap between the prevailing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the LNU phenomenon and the actual evidence. Therefore, basic research is needed to bridge between bedside and bench and eventually improve clinical decision making and further development of interventional strategies beyond the field of stroke rehabilitation.