bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Loss and Multi-Objective Optimization of Three-Way Spatial Flow Channel Based on Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yao Jing , Duan Yiman , Song Yingzhe , Zhang Hao , Li Mandi , Zhang Jianqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Three-way spatial fluid channel (TSFC) is commonly used in spatial fluid channels of the high hydraulic integrated system. However, the mathematic model of TSFC pressure loss is not clear, and what TSFC structural parameters in a certain space can get the minimum pressure loss and weight is also vague. Therefore, TSFC pressure loss mathematic model and multi-objective optimization about pressure loss, axis path length, and mass are studied in this paper. First, the mathematic model of TSFC pressure loss is established based on the response surface methodology and pressure loss models of fluid dynamics. Then, the optimized mathematic model for the TSFC structural parameters is built by the multi-objective optimization design method to achieve low pressure loss, short axis path length, and lightweight. According to the simulation, the results of optimized structure model show that the mass has been reduced 5.68%, and the pressure loss has been reduced 70.75% compared with the original model. Besides, the optimized TSFC structure model is manufactured by additive manufacturing, and the experiment is carried out to measure TSFC pressure loss. It shows that the error of pressure loss between the mathematic model and the experiment is only 1.6%, which verifies the accuracy of mathematic model of the pressure loss. This research lays a foundation for the design and optimization of the spatial flow channel in highly integrated hydraulic systems.
Real-Time Flow Optimization of Hydraulic Manipulator with One Degree of Redundancy Considering Joint Limit Constraint
Authors: Li Linan , Cheng Min , Ding Ruqi , Zhang Junhui , Xu Bing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the complexity in unstructured environments (e.g., rescue response and forestry logging), more hydraulic manipulators are equipped with one redundant joint to improve their motion flexibility. In addition to considering joint limit constraint and maneuverability optimization like electrically driven manipulators, hydraulic manipulators can optimize flow consumption consider flow optimization aiming at energy saving and flow anti-saturation for redundancy resolution, since multiple joints are supplied by one pump. Therefore, this paper proposes a redundancy resolution method combining the gradient projection method with a weighted Jacobian matrix (GPM-WJM) for real-time flow optimization of the hydraulic manipulator with one degree of redundancy considering joint limit constraint. Its solution consists of two parts: a special solution (the weighted least-norm solution) and a general solution (the projection of the optimization index in the null space of the weighted task Jacobian matrix). Simulations are carried out to verify its effectiveness. The simulation result shows that GPM-WJM can meet the constraints of joint limit without affecting the tool center point (TCP) trajectory and utilize the remaining redundancy to optimize the flow consumption and manipulability in real-time, which can reduce average system flow by 10.45%. Compared with the gradient projection method (GPM) for flow optimization, GPM-WJM can reduce the maximum acceleration when avoiding the joint limits by 80% at the cost of slightly weakening the flow optimization effect, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of the manipulator in practice.
Real-Time Simulation of Fluid Power Systems
Authors: Liermann Matthias , Feller Christian , Lindinger Florian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
System-simulations involving fluid-power structures often result in numerically stiff model equations which may require prohibitively small simulation time steps when being tackled with a fixed-step solver. This poses a challenge in situations where real-time performance is required. This paper presents a practical rule-of-thumb to estimate the maximum permissible step-size for a given fluid power system and explains the influence of the relevant physical quantities on the step size requirement in simple terms. A categorization of methods suitable to relax the step-size requirement is proposed. Many research papers have been produced about methods and examples of how to improve real-time performance of fluid power systems, or stiff systems in general. The proposed categorization can be seen as a map for the simulation engineer to understand the basic point-of-attacks for the real-time simulation problem.
Utilizing Guided Discovery to Promote Transfer of Responsibility Values in Young Children
Authors: Dunn Robin J. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In a Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) program, Hellison noted that transferring responsibility values to areas beyond the gym was the most important aspect of a responsibility-based program. The purpose of this study was to examine how the use of guided discovery strategies in a TPSR program impacts and promotes how elementary students construct meaning and action related to responsibility values. Method: The participants were 12 second and third graders who attended an underserved public elementary school and were part of an after-school program. In the TPSR program, participants engaged in cooperative activities and researcher-led discussions, using the guided discovery teaching style, to promote transfer of life skills. Results: The findings indicate that the students better understood the meaning of responsible behaviors following an 8-week TPSR after-school program that included a heavy dose of the guided discovery teaching style. This, in turn, suggests that the guided discovery teaching style served to stimulate the transfer of these responsibility behaviors beyond the program. Discussion and Conclusion: Transfer is challenging to facilitate. Having a program that uses the scaffolded approach of guided discovery may be a key component in transferring responsible behaviors to areas outside of a physical activity program.
Long-Term Effects of a Movement Intervention Program for Children With Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: de Oliveira Ilana Santos , Spessato Bárbara Coiro , Oliveira Dayana da Silva , Lins Romulo José César , Sarinho Silvia Wanick 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To examine long-term effects of a task-oriented intervention program for children with probable developmental coordination disorder in a physical education setting. Method: Sixty-nine boys and girls (7–10 years) were divided into two groups: intervention (n = 36) and control (n = 33). All children participated in physical education classes twice a week. The intervention group also had two weekly sessions focused on gross motor skills development for 12 weeks. Children were assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, three times: pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Results: The intervention group showed superior results (p ≤ .05) posttest in: manual dexterity (d = 0.71), balance (d = 0.86), and total score (d = 1.02), and at follow-up in: manual dexterity (d = 1.05), balance (d = 0.86), and total score (d = 0.94). Conclusion: Task-oriented intervention provided a retained positive effect in the development of motor competence in children with probable developmental coordination disorder.
Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in people with comorbidities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Shukri F , Uthman Olalekan A , Mutua Martin K , Asiki G , Abba Mustapha S , Gill Paramjit 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe burden of uncontrolled hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is high and hypertension is known to coexist with other chronic diseases such as kidney disease, diabetes among others. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the burden of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities in SSA.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) and Web of Science to identify all relevant articles published between 1 January 2000 and 17 June 2021. We included studies that reported on the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among people in SSA who report taking antihypertensive treatment and have another chronic condition. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain the pooled estimate of the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbid conditions while on treatment across studies in SSA.ResultsIn all, 20 articles were included for meta-analyses. Eleven articles were among diabetic patients, five articles were among patients with HIV, two were among patients with stroke while chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation had one article each. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities was 78.6% (95% CI 71.1% to 85.3%); I² 95.9%, varying from 73.1% in patients with stroke to 100.0% in patients with atrial fibrillation. Subgroup analysis showed differences in uncontrolled hypertension prevalence by various study-level characteristicsConclusionThis study suggests a high burden of uncontrolled hypertension in people with comorbidities in SSA. Strategies to improve the control of hypertension among people with comorbidities are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019108218.
Effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological interventions for treating post-traumatic stress disorder in adults with childhood abuse: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Alhussaini Nour Waleed , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder that develops after being exposed to a traumatic event. PTSD is common among adults who have experienced physical/sexual childhood abuse. Several psychological and pharmacological interventions are used for treating PTSD in this particular group, and it is important to identify what interventions, whether alone or in combination with other treatments, are more effective compared with others. Therefore, this review aims to provide synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of different interventions used for treating PTSD following childhood abuse.Methods and analysisElectronic search will be conducted using different databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) used for assessing interventions for PTSD following childhood abuse. Data on treatment effectiveness for PTSD with childhood abuse and other variables will be extracted from each paper and reported as appropriate. Extracted effect-size estimates will be combined using Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Risk of bias will be assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool for RCTs tool. NMA assumptions (heterogeneity, transitivity, inconsistency) will be assessed and reported. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be performed to explore and explain possible sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThis research is based on literature review and does not require the approval of ethical board as it does not involve dealing with humans or animals. Findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207409.
Cost-effectiveness of an 8-week supervised education and exercise therapy programme for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a pre–post analysis of 16 255 patients participating in Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D)
Authors: Grønne Dorte T , Roos Ewa M , Ibsen Rikke , Kjellberg Jakob , Skou Søren T 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate 1-year cost-effectiveness of an 8-week supervised education and exercise programme delivered in primary care to patients with symptomatic knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA).DesignA registry-based pre–post study linking patient-level data from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) registry to national registries in Denmark.Setting and participants16 255 patients with symptomatic knee or hip OA attending GLA:D.InterventionGLA:D is a structured supervised patient education and exercise programme delivered by certified physiotherapists and implemented in Denmark.Outcome measuresAdjusted healthcare costs per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained from baseline to 1 year (ratio of change in healthcare costs to change in EuroQoL 5-Dimensions 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D)). All adjusted measures were estimated using a generalised estimating equation gamma regression model for repeated measures. Missing data on EQ-5D were imputed with Multiple Imputations (3 months: 23%; 1 year: 39 %).ResultsAdjusted change in healthcare cost was 298€ (95% CI: 206 to 419) and 640€ (95% CI: 400 to 1009) and change in EQ-5D was 0.035 (95% CI: 0.033 to 0.037) and 0.028 (95% CI: 0.025 to 0.032) for knee and hip patients, respectively. Hence estimated adjusted healthcare costs per QALY gained was 8497€ (95% CI: 6242 to 11 324) for knee and 22 568€ (95% CI: 16 000 to 31 531) for hip patients. In patients with high compliance, the adjusted healthcare costs per QALY gained was 5438€ (95% CI: 2758 to 9231) for knee and 17 330€ (95% CI: 10 041 to 29 364) for hip patients. Healthcare costs per QALY were below conventional thresholds for willingness-to-pay at 22 804€ (20 000£) and 43 979€ (US$50 000), except the upper limit of the 95% CI for hip patients which was in between the two thresholds.ConclusionsA structured 8-week supervised education and exercise programme delivered in primary care was cost-effective at 1 year in patients with knee or hip OA supporting large-scale implementation in clinical practice.
Sleep and daytime problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and effects of coronavirus infection, confinement and financial suffering: a multinational survey using a harmonised questionnaire
Authors: Partinen Markku , Holzinger Brigitte , Morin Charles M , Espie Colin , Chung Frances , Penzel Thomas , Benedict Christian , Bolstad Courtney J , Cedernaes Jonathan , Chan Rachel Ngan Yin , Dauvilliers Yves , De Gennaro Luigi , Han Fang , Inoue Yuichi , Matsui Kentaro , Leger Damien , Cunha Ana Suely , Merikanto Ilona , Mota-Rolim Sergio , Nadorff Michael , Plazzi Giuseppe , Schneider Jules , Sieminski Mariusz , Wing Yun-Kwok , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesSleep is important for human health and well-being. No previous study has assessed whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacts sleep and daytime function across the globe.MethodsThis large-scale international survey used a harmonised questionnaire. Fourteen countries participated during the period of May–August 2020. Sleep and daytime problems (poor sleep quality, sleep onset and maintenance problems, nightmares, hypnotic use, fatigue and excessive sleepiness) occurring ‘before’ and ‘during’ the pandemic were investigated. In total, 25 484 people participated and 22 151 (86.9%) responded to the key parameters and were included. Effects of COVID-19, confinement and financial suffering were considered. In the fully adjusted logistic regression models, results (weighted and stratified by country) were adjusted for gender, age, marital status, educational level, ethnicity, presence of sleep problems before COVID-19 and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in each country at the time of the survey.ResultsThe responders were mostly women (64%) with a mean age 41.8 (SD 15.9) years (median 39, range 18–95). Altogether, 3.0% reported having had COVID-19; 42.2% reported having been in confinement; and 55.9% had suffered financially. All sleep and daytime problems worsened during the pandemic by about 10% or more. Also, some participants reported improvements in sleep and daytime function. For example, sleep quality worsened in about 20% of subjects and improved in about 5%. COVID-19 was particularly associated with poor sleep quality, early morning awakening and daytime sleepiness. Confinement was associated with poor sleep quality, problems falling asleep and decreased use of hypnotics. Financial suffering was associated with all sleep and daytime problems, including nightmares and fatigue, even in the fully adjusted logistic regression models.ConclusionsSleep problems, fatigue and excessive sleepiness increased significantly worldwide during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Problems were associated with confinement and especially with financial suffering.
Skill decay following Basic Life Support training: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Stanley Benjamin , Burton Thomas , Percival Harriet , Beesley Emily , Coffin Nicholas , Hulme Jonathan , Owen Andrew , Alderman Joseph 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionSurvival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is lower in the UK than in several developed nations. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with increased rates of survival to hospital discharge following OHCA, prompting the introduction of several initiatives by the UK government to increase rates of bystander CPR, including the inclusion of Basic Life Support (BLS) teaching within the English national curriculum. While there is clear benefit in this, increasing evidence suggests poor retention of skills following BLS teaching. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the literature regarding skill decay following BLS training, reporting particularly the time period over which this occurs, and which components of would-be rescuers’ performance of the BLS algorithm are most affected.Methods and analysisA search will be conducted to identify studies in which individuals have received BLS training and received subsequent assessment of their skills at a later date. A search strategy comprising relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords has been devised with assistance from an experienced librarian. Relevant databases will be searched with titles, abstract and full-text review conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted from included studies by two reviewers, with meta-analysis conducted if the appropriate preconditions (such as limited heterogeneity) are met.Ethic and disseminationNo formal ethical approval is required for this systematic review. Results will be disseminated in the form of manuscript submission to a relevant journal and presentation at relevant meetings. To maximise the public’s access to this review’s findings, any scientific report will be accompanied by a lay summary posted via social media channels, and a press release disseminated to national and international news agencies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237233.
Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study in Japan: association among hospital-acquired disability, regular exercise and long-term care dependency in older patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Saitoh Masakazu , Takahashi Tetsuya , Morisawa Tomoyuki , Sakuyama Akihiro , Watanabe Hidetaka , Sakurada Koji , Hanafusa Yusuke , Tahara Masayuki , Iwata Kentaro , Ochi Yusuke , Takamura Go , Minei Akira 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionCardiac surgery for older patients, postoperative functional decline and the need for long-term care have received increasing attention as essential outcomes in recent years. Therefore, prevention of functional decline and long-term care dependency after cardiac surgery are important; however, our current understanding of postoperative functional trajectory and effects of postoperative regular exercise on long-term functional decline and long-term care dependency is limited. Therefore, we will conduct a multicentre, prospective cohort study to (1) examine the effect of hospital-acquired disability on long-term functional decline and long-term care dependency and (2) investigate the favourable effect of postoperative regular exercise on long-term functional decline and long-term care dependency in older patients after cardiac surgery.Methods and analysisWe designed a prospective, multicentre cohort study to enrol older patients aged≥65 years undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft or valve surgery. We will conduct medical record reviews to collect data on patient demographics, comorbidities, operative details, progression of in-hospital postoperative cardiac rehabilitation and functional trajectory from a few days before cardiac surgery to the day before hospital discharge. They will be followed up for 2 years to obtain information on their health status including functional status, regular exercise and clinical events by mail. Primary endpoints of this study are long-term functional decline and long-term care dependency after cardiac surgery. Secondary endpoints are readmission due to cardiac events or all-cause mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, and of each collaborating hospital. We obtained written informed consent from all study participants after the description of the study procedures. Publication of the study results is anticipated in 2025.
What challenges did junior doctors face while working during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study
Authors: Spiers Johanna , Buszewicz Marta , Chew-Graham Carolyn , Dunning Alice , Taylor Anna Kathryn , Gopfert Anya , Van Hove Maria , Teoh Kevin Rui-Han , Appleby Louis , Martin James , Riley Ruth 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThis paper reports findings exploring junior doctors’ experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.DesignQualitative study using in-depth interviews with 15 junior doctors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.12 to facilitate data management. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.SettingNational Health Service (NHS) England.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 12 female and 3 male junior doctors who indicated severe depression and/or anxiety on the DASS-21 questionnaire or high suicidality on Paykel’s measure were recruited. These doctors self-identified as having lived experience of distress due to their working conditions.ResultsWe report three major themes. First, the challenges of working during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were both personal and organisational. Personal challenges were characterised by helplessness and included the trauma of seeing many patients dying, fears about safety and being powerless to switch off. Work-related challenges revolved around change and uncertainty and included increasing workloads, decreasing staff numbers and negative impacts on relationships with colleagues and patients. The second theme was strategies for coping with the impact of COVID-19 on work, which were also both personal and organisational. Personal coping strategies, which appeared limited in their usefulness, were problem and emotion focused. Several participants appeared to have moved from coping towards learnt helplessness. Some organisations reacted to COVID-19 collaboratively and flexibly. Third, participants reported a positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working practices, which included simplified new ways of working—such as consistent teams and longer rotations—as well as increased camaraderie and support.ConclusionsThe trauma that junior doctors experienced while working during COVID-19 led to powerlessness and a reduction in the benefit of individual coping strategies. This may have resulted in feelings of resignation. We recommend that, postpandemic, junior doctors are assigned to consistent teams and offered ongoing support.