bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EXO70B2 exocyst subunit contributes to papillae and encasement formation in anti-fungal defence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ortmannová Jitka , Sekereš Juraj , Kulich Ivan , Šantrůček Jiří , Dobrev Petre , Žárský Viktor , Pečenková Tamara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the reaction to non-adapted Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bg), Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermal cells deposit cell wall reinforcements called papillae or seal fungal haustoria in encasements, both of which involve intensive exocytosis. A plant syntaxin SYP121/PEN1 has been found to be of key importance for the timely formation of papillae, and the vesicle tethering complex exocyst subunit EXO70B2 has been found to contribute to their morphology. Here, we identify a specific role for the EXO70B2-containing exocyst complex in the papillae membrane domains important for the callose deposition and GFP-SYP121 delivery to the focal attack sites, as well as its contribution to encasement formation. The mRuby2-EXO70B2 co-localises with the exocyst core subunit SEC6 and GFP-SYP121 in the membrane domain of papillae, and both proteins have the capacity to directly interact. The exo70B2/syp121 double mutant has a reduced number of papillae and haustorial encasements in response to Bg, indicating an additive role of the exocyst in SYP121 coordinated non-host resistance. In summary, we report cooperation between the plant exocyst and a SNARE protein in penetration resistance against non-adapted fungal pathogens.HighlightThe exocyst complex containing EXO70B2 subunit has specific role in papilla and encasement formation, implemented in coordination with the pathway regulated by the SYP121 SNARE complex in defence.
Large-scale neural recordings with single-cell resolution in human cortex using high-density Neuropixels probes
Authors: Paulk Angelique C. , Kfir Yoav , Khanna Arjun , Mustroph Martina , Trautmann Eric M. , Soper Dan J. , Stavisky Sergey D. , Welkenhuysen Marleen , Dutta Barundeb , Shenoy Krishna V. , Hochberg Leigh R. , Richardson R. Mark , Williams Ziv M. , Cash Sydney S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTRecent advances in multi-electrode array technology have made it possible to monitor large neuronal ensembles at cellular resolution. In humans, however, current approaches either restrict recordings to only a few neurons per penetrating electrode or combine the signals of thousands of neurons in local field potential (LFP) recordings. Here, we describe a new probe variant and set of techniques which enable simultaneous recording from over 200 well-isolated cortical single units in human participants during intraoperative neurosurgical procedures using silicon Neuropixels probes. We characterized a diversity of extracellular waveforms with eight separable single unit classes, with differing firing rates, positions along the length of the linear electrode array, spatial spread of the waveform, and modulation by LFP events such as inter-ictal discharges and burst suppression. While some additional challenges remain in creating a turn-key recording system, high-density silicon arrays provide a path for studying human-specific cognitive processes and their dysfunction at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
An IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 integrated pathway controls cell growth and the proliferative capacity of activated B cells during B cell differentiationin vivo
Authors: Patterson Dillon G. , Kania Anna K. , Price Madeline J. , Rose James R. , Scharer Christopher D. , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCell division is an essential component of B cell differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells, with critical reprogramming occurring during the initial stages of B cell activation. However, a complete understanding of the factors that coordinate early reprogramming events in vivo remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the initial reprogramming by IRF4 in activated B cells using an adoptive transfer system and mice with a B cell-specific deletion of IRF4. IRF4-deficient B cells responding to influenza, NP-Ficoll and LPS divided, but stalled during the proliferative response. Gene expression profiling of IRF4-deficient B cells at discrete divisions revealed IRF4 was critical for inducing MYC target genes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Moreover, IRF4-deficient B cells maintained an inflammatory gene expression signature. Complementary chromatin accessibility analyses established a hierarchy of IRF4 activity and identified networks of dysregulated transcription factor families in IRF4-deficient B cells, including E-box binding bHLH family members. Indeed, B cells lacking IRF4 failed to fully induceMycafter stimulation and displayed aberrant cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, IRF4-deficient B cells showed reduced mTORC1 activity and failed to initiate the B cell-activation unfolded protein response and grow in cell size.Mycoverexpression in IRF4-deficient was sufficient to overcome the cell growth defect. Together, these data reveal an IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 relationship critical for controlling cell growth and the proliferative response during B cell differentiation.
Interactions between sensory prediction error and task error during implicit motor learning
Authors: Tsay Jonathan S. , Haith Adrian M. , Ivry Richard B. , Kim Hyosub E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImplicit motor recalibration allows us to flexibly move in novel and changing environments. Conventionally, implicit recalibration is thought to be driven by errors in predicting the sensory outcome of movement (i.e., sensory prediction errors). However, recent studies have shown that implicit recalibration is also influenced by errors in achieving the movement goal (i.e., task errors). Exactly how sensory prediction errors and task errors interact to drive implicit recalibration and, in particular, whether task errors alone might be sufficient to drive implicit recalibration remain unknown. To test this, we induced task errors in the absence of sensory prediction errors by displacing the target mid-movement. We found that task errors alone failed to induce implicit recalibration. In additional experiments, we simultaneously varied the size of sensory prediction errors and task errors. We found that implicit recalibration driven by sensory prediction errors could be continuously modulated by task errors, revealing an unappreciated dependency between these two sources of error. Moreover, implicit recalibration was attenuated when the target was simply flickered in its original location, even though this manipulation did not affect task error – an effect likely attributed to attention being directed away from the feedback cursor. Taken as a whole, the results were accounted for by a computational model in which sensory prediction errors and task errors, modulated by attention, interact to determine the extent of implicit recalibration.Author’s summaryWhat information does the brain use to maintain precise calibration of the sensorimotor system? Using a reaching task paired with computational modeling, we find that movements are implicitly recalibrated by errors in predicting both the sensory outcome of movement (i.e., sensory prediction errors) as well as errors in achieving the movement goal (i.e., task errors). Even though task errors alone do not elicit implicit recalibration, they nonetheless modulate implicit recalibration when sensory prediction error is present. The results elucidate an unappreciated interaction between these two sources of error in driving implicit recalibration.
Microbiome diversity and host immune functions may define the fate of sponge holobionts under future ocean conditions
Authors: Posadas Niño , Baquiran Jake Ivan P. , Nada Michael Angelou L. , Kelly Michelle , Conaco Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sponge-associated microbial community contributes to the overall health and adaptive capacity of the sponge holobiont. This community is regulated by the environment, as well as the immune system of the host. However, little is known about the effect of environmental stress on the regulation of host immune functions and how this may, in turn, affect sponge-microbe interactions. In this study, we compared the microbiomes and immune repertoire of two sponge species, the demosponge, Neopetrosia compacta and the calcareous sponge, Leucetta chagosensis, under varying levels of acidification and warming stress. Neopetrosia compacta harbors a diverse bacterial assemblage and possesses a rich repertoire of scavenger receptors while L. chagosensis has a less diverse microbiome and an expanded range of pattern recognition receptors and proteins with immunological domains. Upon exposure to warming and acidification, the microbiome and host transcriptome of N. compacta remained stable, which correlated with high survival. In contrast, the bacterial community of L. chagosensis exhibited drastic restructuring and widespread downregulation of host immune-related pathways, which accompanied tissue necrosis and mortality. Differences in microbiome diversity and immunological repertoire of diverse sponge groups highlight the central role of host-microbe interactions in predicting the fate of sponges under future ocean conditions.
RiboTRIBE: Monitoring Translation with ADAR-meditated RNA Editing
Authors: Xu Weijin , Abruzzi Katharine , Rosbash Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRNA translation is tightly regulated to ensure proper protein expression in cells and tissues. Translation is often assayed with biochemical assays such as ribosome profiling and TRAP, which are effective in many contexts. These assays are however not ideal with limiting amounts of biological material when it can be difficult or even impossible to make an extract with sufficient signal or sufficient signal:noise. Because of our interest in translational regulation within the few Drosophila adult circadian neurons, we fused the ADAR catalytic domain (ADARcd) to several small subunit ribosomal proteins and assayed mRNA editing in Drosophila S2 cells. The strategy is named RiboTRIBE and is analogous to a recently published APOBEC-based method. The list of RiboTRIBE-edited transcripts overlaps well with ribosome profiling targets, especially with more highly ranked targets. There is also an enriched number of editing sites in ribosome-associated mRNA comparing to total mRNA, indicating that editing occurs preferentially on polyribosome-associated transcripts. The use of cycloheximide to freeze translating ribosomes causes a substantial increase in the number of RiboTRIBE targets, which is decreased by pretreating cells with the chain terminating drug puromycin. NOTE: Additional experiments performed after first submitting this manuscript to BioRxiv estimate that less than 5% of Rps28b-ADAR is ribosome-associated. This is because the vast majority of the fusion protein sediments at the top of a polyribosome gradient. We therefore suggest that most editing reported in the manuscript is not catalyzed by ribosome-associated ADAR (10/2/2021).
The gravitation-driven stress-reduced urothelial barrier in toad bladder urothelium
Authors: Xinli Tan , Danmei Wang , Shouyan Fan , Xiaochi Xu , Hui Guo , Teye Emmanuel Kwao , Ndjike Michele Merveille Nnanga , Yang Wang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe urinary bladder urothelial are highly specialized epithelia that protect the underlying tissues from mechanical stress and seal them from the overlying fluid space. To better understand the maintaining permeability induced electrical potential roles played by urothelial in the bladder, we established a protocol of gravitation stress in toad urothelial, observed the transmembrane potential difference variation.MethodThe toad urothelial were mounted in a using chamber which the chamber was separated to two solution spaces, and stable with 0.9% saline solution. The electrodes were settled on the surface of each side of the preparation, serosal side definite as cathode. The using chamber was settled in the centrifugal rotor and under 300 rpm rotation to obtain a vertically +4G gravitation on serosal chamber 5min.Resulta transient transmembrane potential difference increasing was observed after adding CaCl2 (3% solution) in serosal chamber. The amplitude increasing phase included a rapid and a slowly ascending phase. In gravitation stressed urothelial preparation, CaCl2 induced transient phase was significantly increased, furthermore the secondary slowly ascending phase was much more amplified on its amplitude axis and significantly prolonged on the time scale than that evoked in control preparations. The evoked total amplitude increasing were 10 times higher than that in control.ConclusionThe urinary bladder epithelial layer has a structure which regulates ion permeability as a barrier. The tight junction plays an important role as the intercellular coupling in the apical side of the epithelial cell. On the other hand, it is known that the ion channel exists on the epithelial cell membrane and regulates the physiological process. The gravitation stress weakened the tight junction. The transmembrane potential difference was enhanced both on its amplitude and prolonged time. The gravitation stress induced hyperpolarization that evoked by CaCl2 is one kind of Cl- transfer from serosal chamber in which high Ca2+ in the urothelial basal membrane activated the calcium-activated chloride channels. This outwardly rectifying chloride channel induced hyperpolarization can be blocked by Nppb.
Oxidative stress is a potential cost of synchronous nesting in olive ridley sea turtles
Authors: Arango B. Gabriela , Harfush-Meléndez Martha , Ensminger David C. , López-Reyes Elpidio Marcelino , Marmolejo-Valencia José Alejandro , Merchant-Larios Horacio , Crocker Daniel E. , Vázquez-Medina José Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOlive ridley sea turtles,Lepidochelys olivacea, exhibit a polymorphic reproductive behaviour nesting in solitary or in mass aggregations termed “arribadas”, where thousands of turtles nest at once. Arribadas may provide fitness benefits including mate finding during nearshore aggregations and predator satiation at the time of hatching, but the potential costs of arribada nesting remain understudied. To explore the potential trade-offs of the fitness benefits associated with arribada nesting, we collected blood from olive ridley turtles nesting in arribada and solitary. We measured reproductive and metabolic hormones (progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine), triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and markers of oxidative damage (4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, and nitrotyrosine). Arribada nesters were bigger and had higher levels of progesterone than solitary nesters. Similarly, thyroid hormones were higher in individuals nesting in arribada than in solitary nesters, while TG and NEFA were positively correlated in arribada but not in solitary nesters. Nesting in arribada was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls compared to solitary nesting. These results suggest that nesting in arribada is potentially more energetically expensive than nesting solitarily, and that oxidative stress may be a trade-off of the fitness benefits associated with arribada nesting.
The neurocomputational architecture of explore-exploit decision making
Authors: Hogeveen Jeremy , Mullins Teagan S. , Romero John , Eversole Elizabeth , Rogge-Obando Kimberly , Mayer Andrew R. , Costa Vincent D. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryHumans and other animals often make the difficult decision to try new options (exploration) and forego immediate rewards (exploitation). Novelty-seeking is an adaptive solution to this explore-exploit dilemma, but our understanding of the neural computations supporting novelty-seeking in humans is limited. Here, we presented the same explore-exploit decision making task to monkeys and humans and found evidence that the computational basis for novelty-seeking is conserved across primate species. Critically, through computational model-based decomposition of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, these findings reveal a previously unidentified cortico-subcortical architecture mediating explore-exploit behavior in humans.
Bayesian evaluation of privacy-preserving risk communication for user android app preferences
Authors: Momenzadeh Behnood , Gopavaram Shakthidhar , Das Sanchari , Camp L. Jean 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose practical and usable interactions that will allow more informed, risk-aware comparisons for individuals during app selections. The authors include an explicit argument for the role of human decision-making during app selection and close with a discussion of the strengths of a Bayesian approach to evaluating privacy and security interventions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors focused on the risk communication in mobile marketplace’s realm, examining how risk indicators can help people choose more secure and privacy-preserving apps. Combining canonical findings in risk perception with previous work in usable security, the authors designed indicators for each app to enable decisions that prioritize risk avoidance. Specifically, the authors performed a natural experiment with N = 60 participants, where they asked them to select applications on Android tablets with accurate real-time marketplace data.FindingsIn the aggregate, the authors found that app selections changed to be more risk-averse in the presence of a user-centered multi-level warning system using visual indicators that enabled a click-thru to the more detailed risk and permissions information.Originality/valuePrivacy research in the laboratory is often in conflict with privacy decision-making in the marketplace, resulting in a privacy paradox. To better understand this, the authors implemented a research design based on clinical experimental approaches, testing the interaction in a noisy, confounded field environment.
Human rights dimensions of COVID-19 responses in Bangladesh: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Mannan Sonia , Alam Jobair , Rahman Md Habibur 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the human rights dimensions of COVID-19 responses in Bangladesh through a viewpoint methodology in four critical areas: freedom of opinion and expression; access to information; protection of health-care workers; and marginalized populations’ access to health care. However, these responses remain non-aligned with the international human rights law obligations of Bangladesh, which undermines the human rights and dignity of its population. Based on the responses shaping and aggravating the situation, this paper concludes with some recommendations, which can be helpful for Bangladesh for better human rights responses in these areas, should a parallel situation emerge in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper scrutinizes the human rights dimensions of COVID-19 responses in Bangladesh through a viewpoint methodology.

Findings
The responses of Bangladesh remain non-aligned with international human rights law obligations of Bangladesh, which undermines the human rights and dignity of its population.

Originality/value
This paper concludes with some recommendations, which can be helpful for Bangladesh for better human rights responses in these areas, should a parallel situation emerge in the future.
Rise of the machines: examining the influence of professional service robots attributes on consumers’ experience
Authors: Wang Yonggui , Cai Xiaomei , Xu Changliang , Li Jun (Justin) 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to explore the antecedents of perceived value and the moderating effect of trust and the relationship between these antecedents and perceived value in the context of the service sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The multivariate statistical analysis technique of structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed theoretical model.

Findings
The results indicate that self-efficacy, motivation, social influence, facilitating conditions and emotions have a significant and direct relationship with customers’ perceived value and that trust can enhance the effect of these antecedents on perceived value. These findings have several significant implications for service robot implementation within the service sector.

Originality/value
With the advancement in artificial intelligence and sensor technology, various industries have launched the practice of deploying intelligent robots to build competitive advantages. The use of intelligent robots to assist with the customer service process and improve consumers’ experience within the service sector is becoming more commonplace.
Communities, ecosystem engineers, and functional domains
Authors: Ponge Jean‐François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunities are shaped by the activity of ecosystem engineers, which modify their environment to their benefit and that of subordinate species within their functional domain. Communities are defined as embedded assemblages of interactions, from cells to landscapes. They are threatened by present‐day global changes which trigger the invasive nature of ecological engineers, with cascading effects. This perspective paper starts with a definition of ecosystem engineers and functional domains in the frame of developments in community ecology. Then I show that the concepts of ecosystem engineer and functional domain explain (i) most of the observed cases of community boundaries, and (ii) the passage from small‐scale interactions among individuals to community‐wide processes of dynamics and stability. I will further show that ecological engineering exists at various scales, from viruses to landscapes, functional domains being embedded in a flexible manner. At last, I will show that threats posed by global changes to communities are mainly mediated by their negative or positive effects on ecosystem engineers.
Evaluation of natural disaster treatment efficiency in 27 Chinese provinces
Authors: Li Ying , Chiu Yung‐ho , Lin Tai‐Yu , Cen Hongyi , Liu Yabin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on disaster mitigation and prevention has tended to focus on the impact of natural disasters on the economy and strategies for risk reduction and mitigation. There has been significant research on disaster prevention and treatment efficiencies, however, most analyses have employed traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) radial models that do not consider undesirable output. Differing from previous research, this study employed a non‐radial directional distance function DEA that included an undesirable output analysis to evaluate the natural hazard management efficiency in 27 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China. Results show that: (a) economic losses from natural disasters were lower due to the increase in natural disaster prevention and control program expenditure; (b) the overall natural disaster control efficiencies varied significantly across the provinces; and (c) Tibet and Xinjiang, which have the lowest general disaster prevention efficiencies, could benefit from following the example set by provinces such as Sichuan and Guangdong, which have the highest disaster prevention efficiencies. Disaster prevention efficiencies measure the overall performance of each province in disaster prevention. This efficiency index is measured by input (disaster prevention expenditure) and output (number of natural disasters prevented and natural disaster economic losses), and its calculation method is the ratio of the actual value of each input and output to the target value. This ratio is called the efficiency score, and the efficiency score is between 0 and 1. An efficiency score of 1 represents the most efficient.