bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Konno procedure for infective endocarditis in native bicuspid aortic valve with annular abscess extending into the interventricular septum
Authors: Doi Toshio , Nagao Kanetsugu , Obi Hayato , Higashida Akihiko , Aoki Masaya , Yokoyama Shigeki , Nagura Saori , Yamashita Shigeyuki , Yamashita Akio , Fukahara Kazuaki , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Annular abscess is a serious complication of infective endocarditis, which often requires complex surgery and has a very high post-operative mortality rate. The Konno procedure involves valve annuloplasty for a narrow aortic annulus or left ventricular outflow tract stenosis in children; it is also performed for various cardiac conditions in adults. Here, we report a case of the Konno procedure performed in a patient with aortic valve infective endocarditis, with an annular abscess extending into the interventricular septum (IVS). A 58-year-old man who presented to our hospital with fever was diagnosed with aortic valve infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus saccharolyticus. On echocardiography, an annular abscess in the direction of the IVS was detected, and surgery was planned. The Konno procedure was performed to secure an adequate surgical field and to debride and reconstruct the cavity created by the interventricular septal abscess. The patient was discharged uneventfully 29 days after surgery.
Cadmium interference with iron sensing reveals transcriptional programs sensitive and insensitive to reactive oxygen species
Authors: McInturf Samuel A , Khan Mather A , Gokul Arun , Castro-Guerrero Norma A , Höhner Ricarda , Li Jiamei , Marjault Henri-Baptiste , Fichman Yosef , Kunz Hans-Henning , Goggin Fiona L , Keyster Marshall , Nechushtai Rachel , Mittler Ron , Mendoza-Cózatl David G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient whose uptake is tightly regulated to prevent either deficiency or toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element that induces both Fe deficiency and toxicity; however, the mechanisms behind these Fe/Cd-induced responses are still elusive. Here we explored Cd- and Fe-associated responses in wild-type Arabidopsis and in a mutant that overaccumulates Fe (opt3-2). Gene expression profiling revealed a large overlap between transcripts induced by Fe deficiency and Cd exposure. Interestingly, the use of opt3-2 allowed us to identify additional gene clusters originally induced by Cd in the wild type but repressed in the opt3-2 background. Based on the high levels of H2O2 found in opt3-2, we propose a model where reactive oxygen species prevent the induction of genes that are induced in the wild type by either Fe deficiency or Cd. Interestingly, a defined cluster of Fe-responsive genes was found to be insensitive to this negative feedback, suggesting that their induction by Cd is more likely to be the result of an impaired Fe sensing. Overall, our data suggest that Fe deficiency responses are governed by multiple inputs and that a hierarchical regulation of Fe homeostasis prevents the induction of specific networks when Fe and H2O2 levels are elevated.
Protocols to Dissolve Amorphous Urate Crystals in Urine
Authors: Behan Kristina Jackson , Johnston Michael A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Amorphous urate crystals can obscure significant findings during a routine urinalysis. There is no standardized protocol to minimize their effect.

Materials and Methods
We tested 210 urine specimens. Three specimens had high red blood cell (RBC) or white blood cell (WBC) counts. Fifty-six specimens formed amorphous urates. Sediment from these specimens was treated with 50 mM sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a 1:2 and/or 1:4 dilution. We warmed 22 specimens with crystals at various temperatures.

Results
Amorphous urate crystals formed in concentrated urine with an acidic pH. Adding 50 mM NaOH dissolved amorphous urates, revealing the presence of underlying bacteria and yeast, but WBC and RBC counts were grossly decreased. Prewarming unspun specimens to 60°C for 90 seconds dissolved most amorphous urates.

Conclusion
The protocol to eliminate amorphous urate crystals is to prewarm the specimen before testing. Adding 50 mM NaOH to sediment dissolves amorphous urates to enhance the visibility of bacteria and yeast but has a deleterious effect on WBC and RBC.
Densely computable structures
Authors: Calvert Wesley , Cenzer Douglas , Harizanov Valentina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, computability theorists have extensively studied generically and coarsely computable sets. This study of approximate computability was originally motivated by asymptotic density problems in combinatorial group theory. We generalize the notions of generic and coarse computability of sets, introduced by Jockusch and Schupp, to arbitrary structures by defining generically and coarsely computable and computably enumerable structures. There are two directions in which these notions could potentially trivialize: either all structures could have a densely computable copy or only those having a computable (or computably enumerable) copy. We show that some particular classes of structures realize each of these extremal conditions, while other classes realize neither of them. To further explore these concepts, we introduce a graded family of elementarity conditions for substructures, in which we require that the dense sets under consideration be ‘strong’ substructures of the original structure. Here, again, for a given class, the notion could trivialize in the same two directions and we show that both are possible. For each class that we investigate, there is some natural number $n$ such that requiring $\varSigma _{n}$ elementarity of substructures is enough to trivialize the class of generically or densely computable structures, witnessing the essentially structural character of these notions.
An ASP-based solver for parametrized-difference revision
Authors: Aravanis Theofanis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present article, a solver for the well-behaved concrete revision operators, named parametrized-difference (PD) revision operators, is described. The solver is developed by means of the powerful framework of answer set programming, which constitutes a contemporary modelling tool, oriented towards difficult search problems. Several useful functionalities are supported by the system, namely, dynamic PD revision, query-answering capabilities, integrity-constraints handling and revision under the closed-world assumption. The solver exhibits high performance in a plethora of revision instances, including hard ones of the SATLIB library; the fact that PD revision respects an intuitive relevance-sensitive principle, identified herein, contributes to this high performance. A graphical user interface provides easy interaction with the implemented system, making it a high-end standalone revision-tool for potential artificial intelligence applications.
Modal Logics and Group Polarization
Authors: Young Pedersen Mina , Smets Sonja , Ågotnes Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes different ways of modally defining properties related to the concept of balance in signed social networks where relations can be either positive or negative. The motivation is to be able to formally reason about the social phenomenon of group polarization based on balance theory. The starting point is a recently developed basic modal logic that axiomatizes the class of social networks that are balanced up to a certain degree. This property is not modally definable but can be captured using a deduction rule. In this work, we examine different possibilities for extending this basic language to define frame properties such as balance and related properties such as non-overlapping positive and negative relations and collective connectedness as axioms. Furthermore, we define the property of full balance rather than balanced-up-to-a-degree. We look into the complexity of the model checking problem and show a non-compactness result of the extended language. Along the way, we provide axioms for weak balance. We also look at a full hybrid extension and reason about network changes with dynamic modalities. Then, to explore the measures of how far a network is from polarization, we consider variations of measures in relation to balance.
Continual arrival and the longue durée: Emplacement as activism among migrant workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Constable Nicole 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost studies of ‘emplacement’ focus on immigrants or refugees who seek permanent settlement. In contrast, this article examines the significance of emplacement for ‘temporary migrants’ who live under conditions of ongoing arrival, contingency, and temporariness and have no expectation of remaining permanently. For temporary migrant workers in Hong Kong, specifically domestic workers, I argue that emplacement has become a form of collective and ongoing activism. It does not rely on any one person’s or one group’s permanence but persists across the longue durée. This activism builds social ties and produces sociability to claim a collective presence that offers nurturance and is a form of rights-claiming. Both economically and socially marginal, foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong claim their central place, socially and geographically, and they collectively demand recognition and visibility. Within the context of temporary migrant workers’ ongoing arrival at the margins, this article examines ethnographic materials from three temporal strata (between 1990 and 2020) to illustrate how emplacement is produced and reproduced through conscious efforts and the production of sociality and sociability across time. More broadly, this article contributes to critical analyses of conceptual binaries of margin and center, permanent and temporary, migrant and citizen, and highlights the coevalness of temporary migrants and nonmigrants.
Opportunistic yeast pathogenCandidaspp.: Secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors
Authors: Lim Si Jie , Mohamad Ali Mohd Shukuri , Sabri Suriana , Muhd Noor Noor Dina , Salleh Abu Bakar , Oslan Siti Nurbaya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCandidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate as candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade or interact with the enterocyte membrane components. Candidalysin, however, acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only Sap and Als have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans.Lay summaryCandida virulence factors (VFs) including mainly enzymes and proteins play vital roles in breaching the human intestinal barrier and causing deadly invasive candidiasis. Limited VFs’ structural studies hinder deeper comprehension of their mechanisms and thus the design of vaccines and antifungal drugs against fungal infections.
NGTS clusters survey – III. A low-mass eclipsing binary in the Blanco 1 open cluster spanning the fully convective boundary
Authors: Smith Gareth D , Gillen Edward , Queloz Didier , Hillenbrand Lynne A , Acton Jack S , Alves Douglas R , Anderson David R , Bayliss Daniel , Briegal Joshua T , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Delrez Laetitia , Dransfield Georgina , Ducrot Elsa , Gill Samuel , Gillon Michaël , Goad Michael R , Günther Maximilian N , Henderson Beth A , Jenkins James S , Jehin Emmanuël , Moyano Maximiliano , Murray Catriona A , Pedersen Peter P , Sebastian Daniel , Thompson Samantha , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Triaud Amaury H M J , Vines Jose I , Wheatley Peter J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery and characterization of an eclipsing binary identified by the Next Generation Transit Survey in the ∼115-Myr-old Blanco 1 open cluster. NGTS J0002−29 comprises three M dwarfs: a short-period binary and a companion in a wider orbit. This system is the first well-characterized, low-mass eclipsing binary in Blanco 1. With a low mass ratio, a tertiary companion, and binary components that straddle the fully convective boundary, it is an important benchmark system, and one of only two well-characterized, low-mass eclipsing binaries at this age. We simultaneously model light curves from NGTS, TESS, SPECULOOS, and SAAO, radial velocities from VLT/UVES and Keck/HIRES, and the system’s spectral energy distribution. We find that the binary components travel on circular orbits around their common centre of mass in Porb = 1.098 005 24 ± 0.000 000 38 d, and have masses Mpri = 0.3978 ± 0.0033 M⊙ and Msec = 0.2245 ± 0.0018 M⊙, radii Rpri = 0.4037 ± 0.0048 R⊙ and Rsec = 0.2759 ± 0.0055 R⊙, and effective temperatures $T_{\rm pri}=\mbox{$3372\, ^{+44}_{-37}$}$ K and $T_{\rm sec}=\mbox{$3231\, ^{+38}_{-31}$}$ K. We compare these properties to the predictions of seven stellar evolution models, which typically imply an inflated primary. The system joins a list of 19 well-characterized, low-mass, sub-Gyr, stellar-mass eclipsing binaries, which constitute some of the strongest observational tests of stellar evolution theory at low masses and young ages.
Gamma-rays and neutrinos from RX J1713–3946 in a lepto–hadronic scenario
Authors: Cristofari P , Niro V , Gabici S 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The gamma-ray emission of RX J1713–3946, despite being extensively studied in the GeV and TeV domains, remains poorly understood. This is mostly because, in this range, two competing mechanisms can efficiently produce gamma-rays: the inverse Compton scattering of accelerated electrons, and interactions of accelerated protons with the nuclei of the interstellar medium (ISM). In addition to the acceleration of particles from the thermal pool, the re-acceleration of pre-existing cosmic rays is often overlooked, and has in fact also been taken into account. Especially, because of the distance to the SNR (∼1 kpc), and the low density in which the shock is currently expanding (∼10−2 cm−3), the re-acceleration of cosmic-ray electrons pre-existing in the ISM can account for a significant fraction of the observed gamma-ray emission, and contribute to the shaping of the spectrum in the GeV–TeV range. Remarkably, this emission of leptonic origin is found to be close to the level of the gamma-ray signal in the TeV range, provided that the spectrum of pre-exisiting cosmic-ray electrons is similar to that observed in the local ISM. The overall gamma-ray spectrum of RX J1713–3946 is naturally produced as the sum of leptonic emission from re-accelerated cosmic-ray electrons, and a subdominant hadronic emission from accelerated protons. We also argue that neutrino observations with next-generation detectors might lead to a detection even in the case of a lepto–hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission.
Canis Major OB1 stellar group contents revealed by Gaia
Authors: Santos-Silva T , Perottoni H D , Almeida-Fernandes F , Gregorio-Hetem J , Jatenco-Pereira V , Mendes de Oliveira C , Montmerle T , Bica E , Bonatto C , Monteiro H , Dias W S , Barbosa C E , Fernandes B , Galli P A B , Borges Fernandes M , Kanaan A , Ribeiro T , Schoenell W 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Canis Major OB1 (CMa OB1) is a Galactic stellar association with a very intriguing star-formation scenario. There are more than two dozen known star clusters in its line of sight, but it is not clear which ones are physically associated with CMa OB1. We use a clustering code that employs five-dimensional data from the Gaia DR2 catalogue to identify physical groups and obtain their astrometric parameters and, in addition, we use two different isochrone-fitting methods to estimate the ages of these groups. We find 15 stellar groups with distances between 570 and 1650 pc, including 10 previously known and five new open cluster candidates. Four groups, precisely the youngest ones (&lt; 20 Myr), CMa05, CMa06, CMa07, and CMa08, are confirmed to be part of CMa OB1. We find that CMa08, a new cluster candidate, may be the progenitor cluster of runaway stars. CMa06 coincides with the well-studied CMa R1 star-forming region. While CMa06 is still forming stars, due to the remaining material of the molecular cloud associated with the Sh 2-262 nebula, CMa05, CMa07, and CMa08 seem to be in more evolved stages of evolution, with no recent star-forming activity. The properties of these CMa OB1 physical groups fit well in a monolithic scenario of star formation, with a common formation mechanism, and having suffered multiple episodes of star formation. This suggests that the hierarchical model alone, which explains the populations of other parts of the same association, is not sufficient to explain its whole formation history.
Low-radio frequency observations of seven nearby galaxies with GMRT
Authors: Roy Subhashis , Manna Souvik 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We have observed seven nearby large-angular-sized galaxies at 0.33 GHz using Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope with an angular resolution of ∼10 arcsec and sub-mJy sensitivity. Using archival higher frequency data at 1.4 or ∼6 GHz, we have then determined their spatially resolved non-thermal spectrum. As a general trend, we find that the spectral indices are comparatively flat at the galaxy centres and gradually steepen with increasing galactocentric distances. Using archival far-infrared (FIR) MIPS 70-${\mu }\mathrm{m}$ data, we estimate the exponent of radio–FIR correlation. One of the galaxies (NGC 4826) was found to have an exponent of the correlation of ∼1.4. Average exponent from 0.33-GHz data for the rest of the galaxies was 0.63 ± 0.06 and is significantly flatter than the exponent 0.78 ± 0.04 obtained using 1.4-GHz data. This indicates cosmic-ray electron (CRe) propagation to have reduced the correlation between FIR and 0.33-GHz radio. Assuming a model of simple isotropic diffusion of CRe, we find that the scenario can explain the frequency-dependent CRe propagation length-scales for only two galaxies. Invoking streaming instability could, however, explain the results for the majority of the remaining ones.
On the narrow spectral feature at ∼3 TeV in the MAGIC spectrum of Mrk 501
Authors: Hu Wen , Yan Dahai 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Using a time-dependent one-zone leptonic model that incorporates both shock acceleration and stochastic acceleration processes, we investigate the formation of the narrow spectral feature at ∼3 TeV of Mrk 501 which was observed during the X-ray and TeV flaring activity in 2014 July. It is found that the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) can be well interpreted as the synchrotron and synchrotron-self-Compton emission from the electron energy distribution (EED) that is composed by a power-law (PL) branch and a pileup branch. The PL branch produces synchrotron photons which are scattered by the electrons of the pileup branch via inverse-Compton scattering and form the narrow spectral feature observed at the TeV energies. The EED is produced by two injection episodes, and the pileup branch in EED is caused by shock acceleration rather than stochastic acceleration.
Discovery of galaxy clusters and a head–tail radio galaxy in the direction of globular cluster NGC 6752
Authors: Cheng Zhongqun , Sun Xiaohui , Wang Wei , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on the discovery of CXOU J191100–595621 and CXOU J191012–595619, two galaxy clusters serendipitously detected in the direction of globular cluster NGC 6752, based on archival Chandra observations with a total exposure time of ∼344 ks. The deep Chandra X-ray data enabled us to measure the properties of both systems. We found a redshift of z = 0.239 ± 0.013 and z = 0.375 ± 0.016, a temperature of $kT=3.32^{+0.57}_{-0.46}$ keV and $kT=3.71^{+1.18}_{-0.86}$ keV, an iron abundance of $Z_{\rm Fe}=0.64^{+0.34}_{-0.29}Z_{\rm Fe\odot }$ and $Z_{\rm Fe}=1.29^{+0.97}_{-0.65}Z_{\rm Fe\odot }$ and a rest-frame full band (0.5–7 keV) luminosity of $L_{\rm X}=9.2^{+1.2}_{-1.1}\times 10^{43} {\rm \, erg\, s^{-1}}$ and $L_{\rm X}=9.9^{+2.7}_{-2.2}\times 10^{43} {\rm \, erg\, s^{-1}}$ for CXOU J191100–595621 and CXOU J191012–595619, respectively. The temperature profile of CXOU J191100–595621 is found to decrease with decreasing radius, indicating a cool core in this cluster. The hydrostatic equilibrium estimation suggests that the clusters are moderately weighted, with $M_{500}=(1.3\pm 0.4)\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $M_{500}=(2.0\pm 1.5)\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, respectively. We search for optical and radio counterparts of X-ray point sources in the clusters. Three active galactic nuclei are found, among which one is identified with a narrow-angle-tail radio galaxy, and one is found to be associated with the brightest central galaxy of CXOU J191100–595621.
Hidden in the haystack: low-luminosity globular clusters towards the Milky Way bulge
Authors: Gran F , Zoccali M , Saviane I , Valenti E , Rojas-Arriagada A , Contreras Ramos R , Hartke J , Carballo-Bello J A , Navarrete C , Rejkuba M , Olivares Carvajal J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent wide-area surveys have enabled us to study the Milky Way with unprecedented detail. Its inner regions, hidden behind dust and gas, have been partially unveiled with the arrival of near-infrared (IR) photometric and spectroscopic data sets. Among recent discoveries, there is a population of low-mass globular clusters, known to be missing, especially towards the Galactic bulge. In this work, five new low-luminosity globular clusters located towards the bulge area are presented. They were discovered by searching for groups in the multidimensional space of coordinates, colours, and proper motions from the Gaia EDR3 catalogue and later confirmed with deeper VVV survey near-IR photometry. The clusters show well-defined red giant branches and, in some cases, horizontal branches with their members forming a dynamically coherent structure in proper motion space. Four of them were confirmed by spectroscopic follow-up with the MUSE instrument on the ESO VLT. Photometric parameters were derived, and when available, metallicities, radial velocities, and orbits were determined. The new clusters Gran 1 and 5 are bulge globular clusters, while Gran 2, 3 and 4 present halo-like properties. Preliminary orbits indicate that Gran 1 might be related to the Main Progenitor, or the so-called ‘low-energy’ group, while Gran 2, 3 and 5 appears to follow the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage structure. This study demonstrates that the Gaia proper motions, combined with the spectroscopic follow-up and colour–magnitude diagrams, are required to confirm the nature of cluster candidates towards the inner Galaxy. High stellar crowding and differential extinction may hide other low-luminosity clusters.