bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and the risk of gout: A Danish population based cohort study and symmetry analysis
Authors: Lund Lars Christian , Højlund Mikkel , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Hallas Jesper , Kristensen Kasper Bruun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2‐I) are frequently used in type 2 diabetes and have recently been associated with lower rates of gout compared to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA). Our objective was to assess the association between SGLT2‐I initiation and gout using a cohort study design and a symmetry analysis.MethodsUsing the Danish nationwide health registries, we conducted an active comparator, new user cohort study comparing the 3‐year risk of gout among SGLT2‐I users with propensity score matched GLP1‐RA users. Individuals were followed according to the intention‐to‐treat, and incidence rate differences (IRD) and hazard ratios (HR) were obtained. To address unmeasured confounding that is stable over time, a corresponding symmetry analysis was performed.Results11 047 pairs of SGLT2‐I and GLP1‐RA users were identified, contributing 42 201 person‐years of follow‐up. The incidence rate of gout was 4.1 and 7.0 events per 1000 person years among SGLT2‐I and GLP1‐RA users, yielding an IRD of −3.0 (95% confidence interval: −4.4 to −1.5) and HR of 0.58 (0.44 to 0.75). In the symmetry analysis, 80 individuals initiated SGLT2‐Is prior to gout; 118 patients initiated treatment after gout. The trend adjusted SR was 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) and the active comparator adjusted estimate was 0.67 (0.44 to 0.86).ConclusionsInitiation of SGLT2‐Is was associated with a markedly decreased risk of gout compared to initiation of GLP1‐RAs. The findings are comparable to prior studies addressing this association.
One‐year follow‐up of problem‐based task training for a child presenting cerebellar ataxia after brainstem glioma surgery: A single‐subject experimental study
Authors: Lee Ye‐Seul , Oh Duck‐Won 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeFor the rehabilitation of patients with cerebellar ataxia, task training aids in achieving functional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of problem‐based task training on balance and motor function in a child with cerebellar ataxia after brainstem glioma surgery.MethodsThis study used a single‐subject reversal design (A‐B) with a 1‐year follow‐up. A 5‐year old child with cerebellar ataxia due to a brain glioma completed problem‐based task training, including a 10‐step walk and return trial, walking while carrying an object, walking between parallel lines, and kicking a ball. Assessments were made using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and motor function tests (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI).ResultsDuring the intervention phase, the PBS score showed clinically and statistically significant improvement compared to the baseline score. The ICARS and GMFM scores improved by 10.53% and 3.56%, respectively, after the intervention. Furthermore, in the PEDI score, functional skills and caregiver assistance in the mobility domain increased by 7.58% and 5.02%, respectively, after the intervention. The improvements in all parameters were maintained or increased at further follow‐up phases.ConclusionThese findings suggest that problem‐based task training has a positive effect on balance and motor function in a child with cerebellar ataxia after brainstem glioma surgery.
Characterization of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of plasma‐treated starch/chitosan composite film
Authors: Sheikhi Zhian , Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Abdolmaleki Khadije , Khani Mohammad Reza , Farhoodi Mehdi , Moradi Ehsan , Shokri Babak , Shojaee‐Aliabadi Saeedeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine mechanical and physical properties of starch/chitosan composite film exposed to low‐pressure air and argon plasma at 600 mTorr for different duration (4, 8 and 12 min) and evaluate the shelf life of the chicken breast fillet packaged with plasma‐treated films. The mechanical properties of the composite films were improved significantly.It is shown that argon plasma is more efficient in improving the tensile strength of the films and increased it from 10.59 to 22.09 Mpa after 12 min of process due to the formation of a stable cross‐linked network on the surface of the polymer, although film's stretchability, modified in air plasma, was significantly more. Solubility and hydrophilicity of the films were increased; however, no significant change in the water vapor transmission rate was observed. Oxygen permeability of films improved after both plasma treatment. Total viable count and oxidative (TBA) changes of fillets were analyzed during shelf life. The results showed that Cold plasma treatment could not prolong the shelf life of the fillets through plasma‐treated films.
Low‐order sliding mode repetitive control for discrete‐time systems under complex disturbance environment
Authors: Jia Chao , Longman Richard W. , Dong Enzeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel sliding mode repetitive control scheme is proposed for discrete‐time systems. It aims to address aperiodic disturbances, and simultaneously address a set of disturbances of known frequencies that can be unrelated. The sliding mode handles the former, and a repetitive control algorithm deals with the latter, creating a low‐order sliding model repetitive control law. The approach addresses each disturbance frequency individually. In contrast to the usual repetitive control approach, this allows one to address multiple unrelated frequencies without difficultly. Even when the addressed frequencies are harmonically related, but a relatively small number have significant error, this approach offers both substantial computation benefit, and benefit facilitating improved control of aperiodic disturbances. When both multiperiodic and aperiodic disturbances are present, the system trajectories can converge to a smaller switching band and keep moving within it. When there is only multiperiodic disturbance, the system trajectories will cross the switching surface within every specific steps when in the switching zone, and will converge to zero eventually. Simulation results demonstrate obvious advantages compared with the traditional method.
Physicochemical properties of surface modified ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite incorporated with bio‐templated kapok fiber for photoelectrochemical application
Authors: Md Nasir Mohd Faizal , Daud Wan Ramli Wan , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Abdullah Saifollah , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop 
Published: April 2021

Surface‐modified zinc ferrite nanocomposites were successfully prepared thru ultrasonic impregnation technique by taking kapok fiber as a bio‐template. This work demonstrates a fast preparation method to produce the bio‐templated ZnFe2O4 composite photocatalyst. The templating method for photocatalyst is favorable due to the benefit of a large surface area for solar harvesting activities in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system. Comprehensive physicochemical analyses have successfully determined the unique properties of the prepared catalysts. The pure mimetic fibrous catalysts were successfully fabricated as photoelectrodes on the fluorine tin oxide substrate using electrophoretic deposition technique for PEC measurement. The ranging ratio of precursors used to prepare bio‐templated zinc ferrite catalysts shows an effect on their surface structure then influences the photocurrent density performance of PEC analysis. The ZF1 photoanode at 1:1 Zn/Fe ratio has generated the highest photocurrent density of 58 μA cm−2 at 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl compare to other samples in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution under 100 mW cm−2 light irradiation. The high photocurrent density was attributed to the enhancement in light‐harvesting properties, fine surface structure, and high charge transfer properties that correlate with the composite ratio's alteration. The bio‐templated zinc ferrite photocatalysts are a promising photoanode in PEC activities.
Troger's Base Derived Butterfly Shaped Contorted AIEgens for Dead Bacterial Cell‐Imaging
Authors: Jejurkar Valmik P. , Sourabh K. T. , Yashwantrao Gauravi , Mone Nishigandha S. , Maliekal Parimal J. , Badani Purav , Satpute Surekha , Saha Satyajit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work describes the design and synthesis of contorted dual emissive luminogen based on Tröger's base scaffold. The underlying principle of our design strategy was to use Tröger's base as the core scaffold and functionalize appropriately to avoid the detrimental π‐π stacking responsible for the emission quenching and induce RIR in the aggregated state and thereafter investigate their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties. The unique white light emission of the fluorophores in the solid‐state together with excellent biocompatibility, photo, and thermal stabilities provided an opportunity for the application of one of the molecules for bacterial cell imaging. The luminogen was biocompatible and surprisingly possess an ability to selectively stain the dead bacterial cell debris, a unique property that can be exploited for the confirmation of cell lysis.
Promotion of Phosphorus on Carbon Supports for MnOx−CeO2 Catalysts in Low‐Temperature NH3−SCR with Enhanced SO2 Resistance
Authors: Wang He , Yang Minghe , Jin Shuangling , Zhang Rui , Li Weifeng , Wang Yan , Huo Wanying , Wang Xiaorui , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng , Jin Minglin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMnOx−CeO2/P‐CA catalysts were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation of Mn(NO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and Ce(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O over phosphorus‐doped carbon aerogels (P‐CA) for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3−SCR). The results show that P doping on carbon support significantly promotes the NH3−SCR performance of MnOx−CeO2/P‐CA catalysts. P modification can improve the hydrophilicity of carbon support and facilitate the dispersion of MnOx−CeO2 components on carbon surface, which enhances the electronic interactions between MnOx and CeO2. The optimal catalyst 10 %MnOx−CeO2/P‐CA shows higher surface acidity, more Mn4+ and Ce3+, and a larger amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen (Oα) than that of 10 %MnOx−CeO2/CA catalyst. As a result, even though in the company of SO2, more NO can be adsorbed and oxidized over the 10 %MnOx−CeO2/P‐CA catalyst to generate more NO complexes, alleviating the suppression of SO2 on the SCR reaction via Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L−H) mechanism, and thus the SO2 resistance is enhanced.
The Recent Progress on Supported and Recyclable Nickel Catalysts towards Organic Transformations: A Review
Authors: Ghatak Avishek , Das Madhurima 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo date, the transformation of organic compounds to nifty chemicals plays a pivotal role in the global industrial market and renewable economy.The substantial attention has been bestowed to the supported Ni catalyst because of their attractive stability in air and excellent catalytic efficacy in various organic transformations.This review article aims to offer a comprehensive review on the remarkable advances in the development of various robust support containing Ni catalysts for efficient organic reactions, such as, Hydrogenation, Oxidation, Coupling, Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs), Amination, Hydration, Polymerization etc. The role of supported Ni catalysts towards different organic reactions is highlighted with its associated mechanism. The role of numerous solid supported Nickel nanoparticles based nontoxic, cheap and reusable catalyst in organic synthesis and their applications towards the green synthesis of various important organic frameworks including biologically active heterocycles has been highlighted in this review. The observed shortcomings and future research perspective are also accentuated.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Quinazolines via Tandem C−H/N−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Yuan Feixiang , Xie Shihua , Zhuo Liang , Wang Lei , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractC−N bond formation is crucial for the preparation of synthetic organic nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds. This work provides a facile and highly efficient strategy (ca. ∼92 %) for the synthesis of quinazoline compounds, which involves tandem C−H/N−H bond functionalization using metal‐free conditions without the need for an external oxidant. Meanwhile, the reaction system exhibits good functional group tolerance and a wide substrate scope. Furthermore, our corresponding isotope tracking experiments have shown that dimethyl sulfoxide acts as a carbon source. Finally, this work affords a new strategy toward the further design and synthesis of heteroaromatic rings.
Electrokinetic‐Driven Fast Ion Delivery for Reversible Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Capacity
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Heo Jiyun , Kim Riyul , Lee Ju‐Hyuk , Seo Joowon , Yoon Sehyuk , Lee Hyomin , Kim Sung Jae , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered a promising candidate for grid‐scale energy storage due to their freedom from fire hazards. However, a limited reversibility of Zn metal electrode caused by dendritic Zn growth has hindered the advent of high‐capacity Zn metal batteries (>4 mAh cm−2). Herein, it is reported that fast electrokinetic Zn‐ion transport extremely improves the Zn metal reversibility. It is revealed that a negatively charged porous layer (NPL) provides the electrokinetic Zn‐ion transport by surface conduction, and consequently impedes the depletion of Zn‐ion on electrode surface as indicated by numerical simulations and overlimiting current behavior. Due to the quick Zn‐ion delivery, a dendrite‐free and densely packed Zn metal deposit is accommodated inside its pores. With the introduction of the NPL, the cycling stability of Zn symmetric cell is enhanced by 21 times at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. Average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% is achieved over 500 cycles for electrodeposition/stripping at 30 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2 on NPL–Cu electrode. Furthermore, a high‐capacity Zn/V2O5 full cell with the NPL exhibits an extraordinary stability over 1000 cycles at a capacity of 4.8 mAh cm−2.
Microstructure‐Dependent K+ Storage in Porous Hard Carbon
Authors: Li Weize , Zhang Rui , Chen Zhen , Fan Binbin , Xiao Kuikui , Liu Hui , Gao Peng , Wu Jianfang , Tu Chuanjun , Liu Jilei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) are emerging as promising anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to overwhelming advantages including cost effectiveness and outstanding physicochemical properties. However, the fundamental K+ storage mechanism in HCs and the key structural parameters that determining K+ storage behaviors remain unclear and require further exploration. Herein, HC materials with controllable micro/mesopore structures are first synthesized by template‐assisted spray pyrolysis technology. Detailed experimental analyses including in situ Raman and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveal two different K+ storage ways in the porous hard carbon (p‐HC), e.g., the adsorption mechanism at high potential region and the intercalation mechanism at low potential region. Both are strongly dependent on the evolution of microstructure and significantly affect the electrochemical performance. Specifically, the adequate micropores act as the active sites for efficient K+ storage and ion‐buffering reservoir to relieve the volume expansion, ensuring enhanced specific capacity and good structural stability. The abundant mesopores in the porous structure provide conductive pathways for ion diffusion and/or electrolyte infiltration, endowing fast ionic/electronic transport kinetics. All these together contribute to the high energy density of activated carbon//p‐HCs potassium ion hybrid capacitors (74.5 Wh kg−1, at 184.4 W kg−1).
Tailored Engineering of Novel Xanthonium Polymethine Dyes for Synergetic PDT and PTT Triggered by 1064 nm Laser toward Deep‐Seated Tumors
Authors: Bian Hui , Ma Dandan , Zhang Xinfu , Xin Kai , Yang Youjun , Peng Xiaojun , Xiao Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSmall molecular dye that simultaneously exerts dual PDT/PTT effects as well as florescence imaging triggered by a single NIR‐II light has never been reported to date. Apart from the huge challenge in pushing absorption profile into NIR‐II region, fine‐tuning dyes’ excited state via rational structure design to meet all three functions, especially oxygen photosensitization, remains the most prominent throttle. Herein, five novel NIR‐II dyes (BHs) are productively developed by strategically conjugating dyad innovative xanthonium with sequentially extended polymethine bridges, enabling intense absorption from 890 to 1206 nm, significantly 400 nm longer than conventional cyanine dyes with same polymethines. More importantly, owning to high resonance and favorable excited state energy population induced by greater rigidity via ring‐fused amino, BH 1024 exhibits best singlet oxygen generation capability, moderate photothermal heating, and considerable fluorescence under 1064 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, BH 1024 is encapsulated into folate‐functionalized polymer, which demonstrated a synergetic PDT/PTT effect in vitro and in vivo, eventually achieving solid tumors elimination under NIR‐II fluorescence guide. As far as it is known, this is the first time small molecular dyes for NIR‐II PDT or NIR‐II PDT/PTT are explored and designed.
Nachweis von Verunreinigungen durch Öle, Fette und Wachse auf zu beschichtenden Oberflächen
Authors: Gelhaar Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEine fachgerechte Herstellung des Korrosionsschutzes von Stahlbauwerken erfordert, dass die zu beschichtenden Oberflächen frei von sichtbaren und visuell nicht erkennbaren Verunreinigungen sind. Als geeignete Möglichkeiten für den Nachweis von Ölen, Fetten und Wachsen enthält das Regelwerk hauptsächlich Verfahren, die auf der Grundlage des Benetzungsverhaltens von Flüssigkeiten basieren. Für die Anwendung des Wassersprühtests werden an einem realen Bauwerk und an Probeblechen ermittelte Erkenntnisse mitgeteilt. Des Weiteren wird über Erfahrungen bei der Prüfung mittels Testtinten berichtet.
Relationship Between Viscosity and Fine Current of Electrorheological Suspension, Toward Prediction of the Inner Structure
Authors: Masuda Koji , Minami Masataka 
Published: April 2021

We analyzed a relationship between the viscosity and fine current of the ER suspension aiming for an estimation of the inner structure. This study aimed at an estimation of the inner structure formation via the fine current pass through the suspension. Viscosity and electrical current through electrodes were measured using similar apparatuses, and the relationship between the viscosity and fine current was investigated. The ER suspension was prepared by adding silica particles of 0.5 μm diameter to silicone oil of 0.291 Pa˙s viscosity. The solid volume fraction was 0.20. The voltage was varied from 0 to 1.5 kV/mm. The viscosity of the ER suspension was measured by a falling time in a rectangular tube. As a result, the fine current was found to correlate with the viscosity of the ER suspension. It indicated the possibility that the inner structure of the ER suspension can be estimated using the fine current through the ER suspension. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Selective anticancer effects of Serjania marginata Casar. extract in gastric cells are mediated by antioxidant response
Authors: Serpeloni Juliana Mara , Specian Ana Flavia Leal , Ribeiro Diego Luis , Tuttis Katiuska , Heredia‐Vieira Silvia Cristina , Vilegas Wagner , Martínez‐López Wilner , Varanda Eliana Aparecida , de Syllos Cólus Ilce Mara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. Serjania marginata Casar. (SM) displays anti‐inflammatory properties and has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In the current study, we examined whether the hydroethanolic extract of SM leaves exerted cytotoxic, mutagenic, and protective effects in non‐tumor gastric epithelium cells (MNP01) and gastric adenocarcinoma cells (ACP02) in vitro and analyzed whether its action was selective. Initially, cell viability (MTT assay), cell cycle kinetics (flow cytometry), and cell proliferation (total protein content) were analyzed. In addition, genomic instability (cytokinesis‐block micronucleus cytome assay), anti/pro‐oxidant status (CM‐H2DCFDA probe), and transcriptional expression (RT‐qPCR) of genes related to cell cycle, cell death, and antioxidant defense were also evaluated. The SM extract was cytotoxic toward MNP01 and ACP02 cells at concentrations greater than 300 and 100 μg·ml−1, respectively, and decreased protein content only toward ACP02 cells at 200 μg ml−1. In ACP02 cells, the SM extract at 100 μg·ml−1 associated with doxorubicin (DXR; 0.2 μg ml−1) clearly promoted cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The extract alone was not mutagenic to either cell type and reversed DXR‐induced DNA damage and H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in MNP01 cells. The gene expression experiments showed that SM hydroethanolic extract exerts an antioxidant response via NFE2L2 activation in non‐tumor gastric cells, and cell cycle arrest (G2/M) in ACP02 gastric cancer cells via the TP53 pathway. The selective action of SM indicates that it is a promising therapeutic agent to treat gastric diseases and merits further studies.
Introduction: Mediterranean Migrant Hospitalities
Authors: Grotti Vanessa , Brightman Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis book takes some of the insights of the anthropology of hospitality to illuminate ethnographic accounts of migrant reception in various parts of the Mediterranean. Anthropology has revisited the concept of hospitality in recent years, drawing on the insights of ethnographers of the Mediterranean, who ground the idea and practice of hospitality in concrete ethnographic settings and challenge the ways in which the casual usage of Derridean or Kantian notions of hospitality can blur the boundaries between social scales and between metaphor and practice. Host-guest relations are multiplied through pregnancy and childbirth, and new forms emerge with the need to offer mortuary practices for dead strangers. The volume does not attempt to define a distinctive Mediterranean hospitality, but explores the potential of the concept of hospitality to illuminate the spatial and scalar dimensions of morality and politics in Mediterranean migrant reception.
Ritual and Ritualism in a Contested Sea: Scalar Distortions of Space and Time
Authors: Herzfeld Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ground of mutual understanding between locals and migrants in the Mediterranean Sea emerges through the performance of ritual activities. These should be distinguished from the formalistic or incantatory sense of “ritualism.” They include the socially engaged practices of hospitality—a virtuous tradition that governments, even as they claim it for the nation-state, violate in local eyes by confining migrants to impersonal spaces and uncertain futures. Passages across the sea also partake of a pervasive sense of ritual, which thereby offers rich metaphorical material for considering the scalar shifts at play—shifts that entrain such conversions of social interaction into the asocial frameworks of neoliberal management (which in turn encourage aridly scientistic modes of inquiry) but conversely also domesticate cultural distance through a subtle apperception of shared habits of gesture and generosity, made accessible by the close vision of ethnography as described in these essays.