bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning detects heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using a baseline electrocardiogram
Authors: Unterhuber Matthias , Rommel Karl-Philipp , Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Lurz Julia , Kornej Jelena , Hindricks Gerhard , Scholz Markus , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a rapidly growing global health problem. To date, diagnosis of HFpEF is based on clinical, invasive, and laboratory examinations. Electrocardiographic findings may vary, and there are no known typical ECG features for HFpEF.

Methods and results
This study included two patient cohorts. In the derivation cohort, we included n = 1884 patients who presented with exertional dyspnoea or equivalent and preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) and clinical suspicion for coronary artery disease. The ECGs were divided in segments, yielding a total of 77 558 samples. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify HFpEF and control patients according to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. An external group of 203 volunteers in a prospective heart failure screening programme served as a validation cohort of the CNN. The external validation of the CNN yielded an area under the curve of 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.86] for detection of HFpEF according to ESC criteria, with a sensitivity of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) and a specificity of 0.60 (95% CI 0.56–0.64), with a positive predictive value of 0.68 (95%CI 0.64–0.72) and a negative predictive value of 0.98 (95% CI 0.95–0.99).

Conclusion
In this study, we report the first deep learning-enabled CNN for identifying patients with HFpEF according to ESC criteria including NT-proBNP measurements in the diagnostic algorithm among patients at risk. The suitability of the CNN was validated on an external validation cohort of patients at risk for developing heart failure, showing a convincing screening performance.
Valuing Life as an Asset, as a Statistic and at Gunpoint
Authors: Hugonnier Julien , Pelgrin Florian , St-Amour Pascal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rationalising the stark differences between the human capital and the statistical values of a human life is complicated by the absence of common foundations. We solve a human capital investment model with longevity risk to characterise the human capital. The associated indirect utility yields the willingness to pay against mortality; the marginal willingness to pay solves the value of a statistical life. Indifference between life and certain death characterises the limiting willingness to pay and provides a gunpoint value. A structural estimation reveals similar human capital (${\$}$300,000) and gunpoint value (${\$}$251,000) and explains a much larger statistical value (${\$}$4.98 million) by a strongly concave willingness to pay.
Using gravity gradient component and their combination to interpret the geological structures in the eastern Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Liu Jinzhao 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
As early as the Palaeozoic era, the Tianshan Mountains constituted a vast tectonic convergent zone within the Eurasian Continent; by this time, they had already experienced multiple intense crustal movements. The Indian Plate is currently advancing northwards by more than 50 mm yr–1; it affects the Tianshan Mountains even though they are located more than 1000 km away. However, many of the geological issues of the Tianshan Mountains, especially in eastern Tianshan, which remains an active tectonic zone today, are not yet fully understood. There have been few studies into the seismogenic characteristics of this intense seismic zone. Here, the full gravity gradient tensor (GGT) within the eastern Tianshan Mountains was calculated using a stable spatial frequency domain algorithm, based on high-spatial resolution (7.2 arcsec or approximately 200 m) Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus) surface gravity data. In addition, the features of the geological structures in the eastern Tianshan Mountains were interpreted using different combinations of GGT components. Moreover, the possibilities of using different combinations of GGT components to identify the distributions and strikes of faults was discussed regarding the potential earthquake rupture risks in this study area. The results show that (1) the distributions and strikes of the main fault zones in the study area are highly consistent with the linear geological features within the mountains, as extracted from a combination of different GGT components, including terrain effects. (2) Removing the terrain effects revealed that the different components of GGT (derived from the complete Bouguer gravity anomaly) vary gently, showing few linear geological features that could be extracted. This implies that satellite gravity data are not sufficient to analyse the characteristics of small underground geological structures (spatial scales less than ∼10 km). (3) Comparing the spatial distributions of fault traces depicted at different ages with the linear geological features of the study area revealed that discovering more unknown faults increased the coincidence ratio of linear geological features to fault traces in the area (from 27 to 40 per cent). In conclusion, the findings of this study represent a valuable reference for further revealing the seismogenic characteristics of this area, where there is a lack of detailed surface fault structure measurements due to its inaccessibility. The proposed method could also recognize faults in other similar areas with harsh conditions that are not feasible for ground-based surveys, such as forests and glaciers.
Intra- and inter-specific density dependence of body condition, growth, and habitat temperature in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
Authors: Kamimura Yasuhiro , Taga Makoto , Yukami Ryuji , Watanabe Chikako , Furuichi Sho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The density dependence of growth and body condition have important impacts on fish population dynamics and fisheries management. Although population density affects habitat selection, which in turn changes habitat temperature, how this affects growth and body condition remains unclear. Here, we investigated annual changes in body condition, habitat temperature, and cohort-specific growth of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the western North Pacific and examined quarterly changes in the density dependence of body condition. We hypothesized that chub mackerel body condition is affected both directly (e.g. through competition for food) and indirectly (through changes in habitat temperature) by the abundance of both conspecifics (i.e. chub mackerel) and heterospecifics (the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus). Indeed, chub mackerel body condition, habitat temperature, and growth all decreased with increasing conspecific and heterospecific abundance. Mean annual growth rates in chub mackerel were positively corelated with body condition. The final model showed that conspecific and/or heterospecific abundance had strong negative effects on chub mackerel body condition in all seasons, and influenced habitat temperature through habitat selection in some seasons. By contrast, temperature effects on body condition were weak. Therefore, direct effects likely have more impact than indirect effects on density-dependent body condition and growth.
Ecoacoustic indices in marine ecosystems: a review on recent developments, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Minello Murilo , Calado Leandro , Xavier Fabio C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Soundscape ecology has gained prominence in the monitoring of marine ecosystems due to its non-invasive characteristics and spatiotemporal efficiency. However, the development of ecoacoustic indices is a recent field that needs to address many challenges to fulfill its great potential, especially in the context of marine ecology. Here, we reviewed the most recent studies that used ecoacoustic indices in marine ecosystems. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus (Elsevier) database and used the chain referral sampling in the list of references of each publication. In total, we identified 27 publications that used ecoacoustic indices in marine environments such as coral reefs, rocky shores, coastal regions, and offshore regions. A total of four major limitations were identified and addressed, including: the challenge to find adequate acoustic bioindicators; the lack of a universal index or standardized protocol; the issue that most acoustic indices applied to marine environments have been developed to be used in terrestrial environments; and the lack of studies that have tested ecoacoustic indices under different environmental conditions. Once these challenges are addressed, the analysis of marine sound based on the interpretation of ecoacoustic indices has a great potential to become one of the most cost-effective tools for monitoring environments.
Reconstruction of the Upper Extremity High-Voltage Electrical Injury: A Pediatric Burn Hospital’s 13-Year Experience
Authors: DePamphilis Matthew A , Cauley Ryan P , Sadeq Farzin , Lydon Martha , Sheridan Robert L , Winograd Jonathan M , Driscoll Daniel N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High-voltage electrical injury is a rare yet destructive class of burn injury that persists as a serious public health issue. High-voltage exposure is commonly associated with complex wounds to the upper extremities, which can be a significant challenge for burn and plastic surgeons to reconstruct. This intensive and multistage reconstructive process is especially difficult in the growing child. Maximizing upper extremity function is a top priority, as it can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective review was to describe lessons learned during a 13-year experience at a specialized pediatric burn hospital with reconstruction of the upper extremity after severe high-voltage injury in 37 children. We found that adherence to the following principles can help promote meaningful functional recovery. These include 1) frequent assessment during early acute care for the evolving need of decompression or amputation; 2) serial surgical debridement that follows a tissue-sparing technique; 3) wound closure by skin grafting or use of flaps (particularly groin or abdominal pedicled flaps) when deep musculoskeletal structures are involved; 4) early multidisciplinary intervention for contracture prevention and management, including physical and occupational therapy, splinting, and fixation; 5) reconstructive care that focuses on the simplest possible techniques to repair chronic skin defects such as laser therapy, local tissue rearrangements, and skin grafting; 6) complex reconstruction to address deeper tissue contractures or tendon and peripheral nerve deficits; and 7) amputation with preservation of growth plates, tissue transfer, and long-term prosthetic management when limb salvage is unlikely.
KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Stage II and III Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Formica Vincenzo , Sera Francesco , Cremolini Chiara , Riondino Silvia , Morelli Cristina , Arkenau Hendrik-Tobias , Roselli Mario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
KRAS and BRAF mutations are well-established predictive and prognostic factors in metastatic colorectal cancer; however, their impact in the adjuvant setting has not yet been established.

Methods
We performed a meta-analysis of adjuvant phase III trials in patients with stage II and III colon cancer with available data on the impact of KRAS or BRAF mutations on both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Trials were subgrouped based on whether adjustment for microsatellite instability (MSI) was performed and the subgroup effect was analyzed through a meta-regression. To increase the precision of the estimates, a joint DFS–OS (so-called “multivariate”) meta-analysis was performed. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Nine trials were selected (QUASAR 2, PETACC-8, N0147, CALGB-89803, NSABP-C07, NSABP-C08, PETACC-3, QUASAR, MOSAIC) including a total of 10 893 patients. In the primary meta-analysis, KRAS mutation was associated with poor DFS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 1.61, P &lt; .001) and OS (pooled HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.55, P = .03) and BRAF mutation was also associated with poor DFS (pooled HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.78, P = .05) and OS (pooled HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.70, P &lt; .001). The effect of the mutations on outcome was enhanced in the MSI-adjusted subgroup for both the KRAS mutation (pooled HR for DFS = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.79, P = .001; and pooled HR for OS = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.71, P = .03) and the BRAF mutation (pooled HR for DFS = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.07, P = .001; and pooled HR for OS = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.37 to 2.04, P &lt; .001). The interaction between BRAF and MSI adjustment was statistically significant for DFS (Pinteraction = .02). This interaction was even more pronounced in the DFS–OS multivariate meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Both KRAS and BRAF mutations were statistically significantly associated with both DFS and OS, with the mutation effect being enhanced by MSI adjustment. Effective adjuvant treatment for microsatellite-stable BRAF or KRAS-mutated colon cancer represents an unmet clinical need, and exploring the use of recently available BRAF and KRAS inhibitors in this setting would be highly desirable.
The Morphosyntax of Arabic Exceptives: A Minimalist Approach
Authors: Al-Bataineh Hussein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arabic exceptive constructions involve an intricate interaction among word order, negation, and case assignment resulting from syntactic restrictions imposed on the argumental, appositional, and adjunctive functions of exceptive phrases. The morphosyntactic complexities in Arabic exceptives cast doubt on the adequacy of previous analyses that exceptive particles are prepositions, focal adverbs, or coordinating conjunctions, and they also lead the paper to argue for more principled accounts in which exceptive particles are analysed as functional heads that project into an ExP ‘exceptive phrase’ which exists in two distinct configurations. The first includes an exceptive marker carrying [Acc- Case] ‘accusative case’ and [DS] ‘domain subtraction’ features when the ExP is an adjunct introduced by late Merge. The second includes a negative determiner which selects and c-commands the exceptive particle and deactivates/ suspends its [Acc-Case], consequently, the case feature of the ExP-complement is valued by percolation from D which combines with the exceptive marker to form a discontinuous focus particle with a [DR] ‘domain restriction’ feature.
Nisane: The Life of a Mesopotamian Peasant
Authors: Häberl Charles G , Loesov Sergey 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nisane Ergün was born in 1933 in Beqŭsyone (Turk. Alagöz). She is a native and fluent speaker of Ṭuroyo, a contemporary form of Eastern Aramaic. Although never formally educated, she is a gifted storyteller. Throughout her entire life, she has been engaged in subsistence farming and animal husbandry, in much the same manner as her Kurdish neighbours and other rural populations throughout northern Mesopotamia. Her life story, here related in her own words, is thus an exercise in narrating history ‘from below’. She is an eyewitness to various dramatic periods in the recent history of Ṭur Abdin.
On the Emergence of the Short Form in Hebrew Names
Authors: Olivero Vladimir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the emergence of the ending in Hebrew personal names. All available epigraphic evidence is first gathered and then assessed. This source of information is essential to understand when the ending came into use and gained currency and to locate this phenomenon in an absolute chronology. The appearance of the short form receives here a socio-historical explanation. The author believes, in fact, that the shift from the ending to its shorter version should be read against the backdrop of the Assyrian domination during the second half of the eighth century and the seventh century BCE. More specifically, the deportation into the land of Israel of foreign groups of people contributed to the assimilation of the theophoric element in Hebrew names to the hypocoristic ending -īya, attested all over the Ancient Near East.
Narrow-band giant pulses from the Crab pulsar
Authors: Thulasiram Parasar , Lin Hsiu-Hsien 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We used a new spectral-fitting technique to identify a subpopulation of 6 narrow-band giant pulses from the Crab pulsar out of a total of 1578. These giant pulses were detected in 77 min of observations with the 46-m dish at the Algonquin Radio Observatory at 400–800 MHz. The narrow-band giant pulses consist of both main- and inter-pulses, thereby being more likely to be caused by an intrinsic emission mechanism as opposed to a propagation effect. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) have demonstrated similar narrow-band features, while only little has been observed in the giant pulses of pulsars. We report the narrow-band giant pulses with Δν/ν of the order of 0.1, which is close to the value of 0.05 reported for the repeater FRB 20190711A. Hence, the connection between FRBs and giant pulses of pulsars is further established.
Fundamental parameters of the massive eclipsing binary HM1 8
Authors: Rodríguez C N , Ferrero G A , Benvenuto O G , Gamen R , Morrell N I , Barbá R H , Arias J , Massey P 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive study of the massive binary system HM1 8, based on multi-epoch high-resolution spectroscopy, V-band photometry, and archival X-ray data. Spectra from the OWN Survey, a high-resolution optical monitoring of Southern O and WN stars, are used to analyse the spectral morphology and perform quantitative spectroscopic analysis of both stellar components. The primary and secondary components are classified as O4.5 IV(f) and O9.7 V, respectively. From a radial velocity (RV) study, we derived a set of orbital parameters for the system. We found an eccentric orbit (e = 0.14 ± 0.01) with a period of P = 5.87820 ± 0.00008 d. Through the simultaneous analysis of the RVs and the V-band light curve, we derived an orbital inclination of 70.0° ± 2.0 and stellar masses of $M_a=33.6^{+1.4}_{-1.2}~\text{M}_{\odot }$ for the primary, and $M_b=17.7^{+0.5}_{-0.7}~\text{M}_{\odot }$ for the secondary. The components show projected rotational velocities vasin i = 105 ± 14 km s−1 and vbsin i = 82 ± 15 km s−1, respectively. A tidal evolution analysis is also performed and found to be in agreement with the orbital characteristics. Finally, the available X-ray observations show no evidence of a colliding winds region; therefore, the X-ray emission is attributed to stellar winds.
Modulation of the intrinsic chromatin binding property of HIV-1 integrase by LEDGF/p75
Authors: Lapaillerie Delphine , Lelandais Benoît , Mauro Eric , Lagadec Floriane , Tumiotto Camille , Miskey Csaba , Ferran Guillaume , Kuschner Natacha , Calmels Christina , Métifiot Mathieu , Rooryck Caroline , Ivics Zoltan , Ruff Marc , Zimmer Christophe , Lesbats Paul , Toutain Jérôme , Parissi Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The stable insertion of the retroviral genome into the host chromosomes requires the association between integration complexes and cellular chromatin via the interaction between retroviral integrase and the nucleosomal target DNA. This final association may involve the chromatin-binding properties of both the retroviral integrase and its cellular cofactor LEDGF/p75. To investigate this and better understand the LEDGF/p75-mediated chromatin tethering of HIV-1 integrase, we used a combination of biochemical and chromosome-binding assays. Our study revealed that retroviral integrase has an intrinsic ability to bind and recognize specific chromatin regions in metaphase even in the absence of its cofactor. Furthermore, this integrase chromatin-binding property was modulated by the interaction with its cofactor LEDGF/p75, which redirected the enzyme to alternative chromosome regions. We also better determined the chromatin features recognized by each partner alone or within the functional intasome, as well as the chronology of efficient LEDGF/p75-mediated targeting of HIV-1 integrase to chromatin. Our data support a new chromatin-binding function of integrase acting in concert with LEDGF/p75 for the optimal association with the nucleosomal substrate. This work also provides additional information about the behavior of retroviral integration complexes in metaphase chromatin and the mechanism of action of LEDGF/p75 in this specific context.
Fifteen-year trends and differences in mortality rates across sex, age, and race/ethnicity in patients with brainstem tumors
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Takata Nozomu , Hibler Elizabeth A , Hashizume Rintaro , Becher Oren Josh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Localization of tumors to the brainstem carries a poor prognosis, however, risk factors are poorly understood. We examined secular trends in mortality from brainstem tumors in the United States by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Methods
We extracted age-adjusted incidence-based mortality rates of brainstem tumors from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2018. Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) were compared by sex and race/ethnicity among the younger age group (0-14 years) and the older age group (&gt;15 years), respectively. Average AAMRs in each 5-year age group were compared by sex.

Results
This study included 2039 brainstem tumor-related deaths between 2004 and 2018. Trends in AAMRs were constant during the study period in both age groups, with 3 times higher AAMR in the younger age group compared to the older age group. Males had a significantly higher AAMR in the older age group, while no racial differences were observed. Intriguingly, AAMRs peaked in patients 5-9 years of age (0.57 per 100 000) and in patients 80-84 years of age (0.31 per 100 000), with lower rates among middle-aged individuals. Among 5-9 years of age, the average AAMR for females was significantly higher than that of males (P = .017), whereas the reverse trend was seen among those 50-79 years of age.

Conclusions
Overall trends in AAMRs for brainstem tumors were constant during the study period with significant differences by age and sex. Identifying the biological mechanisms of demographic differences in AAMR may help understand this fatal pathology.