bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Seasonal Tariff‐rate Quotas on Vegetable Prices in Switzerland
Authors: Loginova Daria , Portmann Marco , Huber Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCausal estimation of the short‐term effects of tariff‐rate quotas (TRQs) on vegetable producer prices is hampered by the large variety and different growing seasons of vegetables and is therefore rarely performed. We quantify the effects of Swiss seasonal TRQs on domestic producer prices of a variety of vegetables based on a difference‐in‐differences estimation using a novel dataset of weekly producer prices for Switzerland and neighbouring countries. We find that TRQs increase prices of most vegetables by more than 20% above the prices in neighbouring countries during the main harvest time for most vegetables and even more than 50% for some vegetables. The effects are stronger for more perishable vegetables and for conventionally produced ones compared with organic vegetables. However, we do not find clear‐cut effects of TRQs on the week‐to‐week price volatility of vegetables although the overall lower price volatility in Switzerland compared with neighbouring countries might be a result of the TRQ system in place.
FAWMine: An integrated database and analysis platform for fall armyworm genomics
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Wang Depin , Guo Wei , Kang Le 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a native insect species in the Americas, is rapidly becoming a major agricultural pest worldwide and is causing great damage to corn, rice, soybeans, and other crops. To control this pest, scientists have accumulated a great deal of high‐throughput data of fall armyworm, and nine versions of its genomes and transcriptomes have been published. However, easily accessing and performing integrated analysis of these omics data sets is challenging. Here, we developed the Fall Armyworm Genome Database (FAWMine, http://159.226.67.243:8080/fawmine/) to maintain genome sequences, structural and functional annotations, transcriptomes, co‐expression, protein interactions, homologs, pathways, and single‐nucleotide variations. FAWMine provides a powerful framework that helps users to perform flexible and customized searching, present integrated data sets using diverse visualization methods, output results tables in a range of file formats, analyze candidate gene lists using multiple widgets, and query data available in other InterMine systems. Additionally, stand‐alone JBrowse and BLAST services are also established, allowing the users to visualize RNA‐Seq data and search genome and annotated gene sequences. Altogether, FAWMine is a useful tool for querying, visualizing, and analyzing compiled data sets rapidly and efficiently. FAWMine will be continually updated to function as a community resource for fall armyworm genomics and pest control research.
Oviposition preference and offspring performance of Apoderus dimidiatus (Coleoptera: Atelabidae) between Rosa multiflora and Rubus ichangensis
Authors: Xie Meng , Du Jinying , Yang Kunqi , Song Shaoting , Lv Zonghui , Xu Huailiang , Wen An Xiang , Wang Qin , Jiang Yanzhi , Zhu Guangxiang , Wu Jiayun , Yao Yongfang , Ni Qingyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeaf‐rolling weevils (Coleoptera: Atelabidae) are considered to be specialists that oviposit only on one or two plant species. However, Apoderus dimidiatus can oviposit on at least five species. We aimed to determine whether A. dimidiatus females have different preferences for oviposition substrates, and whether differences in physical factors, nutrition and parasitism affected their choices. We observed the number of cradles, hatched larvae, pupae, emerging adults and parasitism rate during one breeding season. Weevils were given access to two host plant species, Rosa multiflora and Rubus ichangensis, and the leaf size and nutrient contents of the two plant species were investigated. We found that nutritional content, especially soluble carbohydrate, correlated with oviposition preference of weevils, and the more nutritious plant species, R. multiflora, was the preferred host in our experiment. Weevils can also use Ru. ichangensis and other plant species as hosts, likely to relieve the high parasitic pressure when laying eggs on a single host species.
Predictors of mortality in a multiracial urban cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes and novel coronavirus 19
Authors: Myers Alyson K. , Kim Tara S. , Zhu Xu , Liu Yan , Qiu Michael , Pekmezaris Renee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes has been identified as a risk factor for intubation and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We seek to examine the impact of clinical variables such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on mortality and need for intubation, as well as demographic variables such as age, sex, and race on persons with type 2 diabetes and COVID‐19.MethodsAnalyses were conducted on 4413 patients with an International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐10) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and COVID‐19. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan‐Meier curves and the log‐rank test to compare subgroup analyses.ResultsIn this multivariate analysis, male gender, older age, and hyperglycemia at admission were associated with increased mortality and intubation, but this was not seen for race, ethnicity, insurance type, or HbA1c. Based on Kaplan‐Meier analysis, having comorbid conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of mortality.ConclusionsGlycemic levels at admission have a greater impact on health outcomes than HbA1c. Older men and those with comorbid disease are also at greater risk for mortality. Further longitudinal studies need to be done to evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 on type 2 diabetes.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly for the tertiary relict plant Tetracentron sinense oliv. (trochodendraceae)
Authors: Li Minjie , Yang Yongzhi , Xu Renping , Mu Wenjie , Li Ying , Mao Xingxing , Zheng Zeyu , Bi Hao , Hao Guoqian , Li Xiaojie , Xu Xiaoting , Xi Zhenxiang , Shrestha Nawal , Liu Jianquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTetracentron sinense and Trochodendron aralioides are two Tertiary relict species of large trees in the family Trochodendraceae with narrow distributions on the mainland and islands of eastern Asia. They belong to the order Trochodendrales, which is one of the four early‐diverged eudicot lineages. These two relict species provide a good system in which to examine genomic changes that occurred as they survived during repeated climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. We sequenced the genome of Te. sinense and compared it with that of Tr. aralioides. We found that Te. sinense has a smaller genome size (986.3 Mb) than that of Tr. aralioides (1610 Mb). Repetitive elements made the major contribution to the contrasting genome sizes in the two species, with most bursts of repeats occurring within the past four million years when the climate oscillated greatly. These species share two rounds of whole‐genome duplications. The mainland species Te. sinense had a larger effective population size than the island species Tr. aralioides after the largest glaciation during the Quaternary climatic oscillation. However, soon after this recovery stage, the effective population sizes of both species continued to decrease, although the current effective population size of Te. sinense is still larger than that of Tr. aralioides. We recovered three distinctly diverged clades through resequencing the genomes of 50 individuals across the distributional range of Te. sinense in China. Our results provide an important genomic resource with which to examine early trait evolution in the core eudicots and assist efforts to conserve this relict tree species.
Prognostic impact of maximum standardized uptake value on 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging of the primary lung lesion on survival in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Qiu Xiaoling , Liang Hongge , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Chen Minjiang , Zhu Zhaohui , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been recognized for diagnosing and staging lung cancer, but the prognostic value of standardized uptake value (SUV) on 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC who had undergone 18F‐FDG PET/CT before systemic treatment between June 2012 and June 2016. The relationship between the maximum SUV (SUVmax) of the pulmonary lesion and lesion size was evaluated via Spearman's correlation analysis. We collected patients' clinical and pathological data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors influencing survival.ResultsWe included 157 patients with advanced NSCLC. Among these, 135 died, 13 survived, and nine were lost to follow‐up (median follow‐up period, 69 months). SUVmax was correlated with lesion size and was significantly greater for tumors ≥3 cm than for tumors <3 cm (10.2 ± 5.4 vs. 5.6 ± 3.3, t = −6.709, p = 0.000). Univariate analysis showed that survival was associated with gender, tumor size, epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, SUVmax of the primary lung lesion, and treatment lines. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between SUVmax of the primary lung lesion and survival. The mortality risk of patients with SUVmax ≤6 was 35% lower than that of patients with SUVmax >6 (HR = 0.651, 95% confidence interval, 0.436–0.972; Wald value, 4.400; p = 0.036).ConclusionsThe SUVmax of the primary lung lesion on PET/CT is significantly correlated with survival in treatment‐naive patients with advanced NSCLC.
Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership
Authors: Sethuraman Kinjal N. , Lin Michelle , Rounds Kirsten , Fang Andrea , Lall Michelle D. , Parsons Melissa , Linden Judith A. , Gursahani Kamal , Raukar Neha , Perman Sarah M. , Dobiesz Valerie A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveCareer paths leading to department chair positions are elusive. Women represent only 11% of academic emergency department (ED) chairs. It is unclear whether the pathway to chair is different for men and women; the characteristics, achievements, and qualifications among those who become ED chairs is unknown.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional analysis of curriculum vitae (CV) of current ED chairs in departments with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)‐accredited residency programs. Former women chairs were included due to paucity of current women chairs. Statistics were calculated using bivariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 163 eligible chairs, 88 CV (54%) were obtained, including six former women chairs. A majority (86.4%) self‐identified as White/Caucasian, 21.5% were women, 46% were chief residents, 28.4% completed additional postgraduate degrees, and 21.8% were fellowship trained. At time of chair appointment, 58% were professor rank, 53.5% held ED operations roles, and 32% served as vice chair. Women were more likely to be in educational (53% vs. 22%) versus operational (26% vs. 61%, p = 0.02) roles. Women obtained more advanced degrees (47% vs. 25%, p = 0.02), were awarded more nonfederal grants (median = 7 vs. 3, p = 0.04), and achieved more national committee leadership (median = 4 vs. 1, p = 0.02). There were no gender differences in fellowship training, awards, leadership training programs, publications, federal grants, or national/international lectures after adjusting for years in practice.ConclusionWhile the majority of chairs held prior leadership roles in ED operations, only one in five women chairs did, suggesting gender differences in the path to chair attainment. These differences in paths may contribute to persistent gender disparities in ED chairs and may be influenced by career path choices, implicit bias, and structural barriers.
Alterations in Insulin Levels in Adults with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Kable Julie A. , Mehta Puja K. , Coles Claire D. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may adversely impact insulin production and signaling but there is limited information on the range of these effects and their future health consequences.MethodA prospective cohort of predominantly African‐American individuals identified while in utero and followed into adulthood were used to evaluate differences in various indicators of diabetes, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin levels. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was also computed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and normal defined as < 25 kg/m2. Participants were categorized as having PAE (n = 39) if their mothers drank at least 1 ounce of absolute alcohol per week or more during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and as Controls (n = 22) if their mothers reported abstaining from alcohol consumption during pregnancy.ResultsMean age of the sample was 36.0 ± 1.5 years. Indices of glucose metabolism, including fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, did not vary by group status but insulin levels and HOMA‐IR values varied by group status and BMI level. PAE individuals with a normal BMI had lower insulin levels than Controls. However, in PAE subjects, there was a steeper increase in insulin levels relative to their BMI than in Control subjects. A cluster of 5 PAE cases had low levels of insulin and 4 of the 5 had severe cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThe bidirectional effects on insulin level and insulin resistance associated with PAE may indicate differential rates of diabetes disease impact or differential PAE impact in the brain and peripheral areas involved in insulin production and signaling. These alterations may contribute to the metabolic disease risk associated with PAE.
Coronectomy of mandibular third molars: a systematic literature review and case studies
Authors: Mann A , Scott JF 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtraction of mandibular third molars (M3M) close to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has a higher risk of neurological disturbance. This review aims to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of the coronectomy technique compared to complete extraction for such M3Ms. Case studies by a specialist oral and maxillofacial surgeon are included to illustrate clinical practice.MethodsThree databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed) were searched (November 2020). Additional articles were sought by hand searching the reference list of included articles. All studies published in English comparing outcomes of coronectomy with complete extraction with at least 50 subjects and 6 months follow‐up were included.ResultsOf the six included studies, five reported a lower rate of IAN disturbance after coronectomy compared with complete extraction. There were no reported cases of lingual nerve disturbance. Other outcomes of coronectomy such as pain, infection, alveolar osteitis were either similar or lower compared to complete extraction. There were high rates of root migration but low rates of exposure and reoperation. Follow‐up protocols varied considerably.ConclusionsThere is medium quality evidence to support the option of coronectomy for high risk M3M cases. Further studies to develop follow‐up protocols to assist general dental practice is warranted.
Obstetric and perinatal outcomes for women with pre‐existing diabetes in rural compared to metropolitan settings in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Williamson Rebecca L. , McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Oats Jeremy J. , Churilov Leonid , Lappas Martha , Shub Alexis 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPre‐existing diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications. Likewise, living in rural, regional and remote Victoria, Australia, is also associated with poorer health outcomes. There is a gap in the literature with regard to whether Victorian women with pre‐existing diabetes experience a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts.AimOur objective is to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes for women with pre‐existing diabetes delivering in rural vs metropolitan hospitals in Victoria, Australia.Materials and MethodsRetrospective population‐based study using routinely collected state‐based data of singleton births to women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who delivered in metropolitan (n = 3233) and rural hospitals (n = 693) in Victoria, Australia, between 2006–2015. Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and MannWhitney U‐test were used to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes between metropolitan and rural locations.ResultsDelivery in a rural hospital was associated with higher rates of stillbirth (2.3% vs 1.1%, P = 0.027), macrosomia (25.9% vs 16.9%, P < 0.001), shoulder dystocia (8.4% vs 3.5%, P < 0.001) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit/special care nursery (73.2% vs 59.3%, P < 0.001). Smoking (18.0% vs 8.9%, P < 0.001), overweight/obesity (P = 0.047) and socioeconomic disadvantage (P < 0.001) were more common in rural women.ConclusionsWomen with pre‐existing diabetes who deliver in rural hospitals experience a greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and present with increased maternal risk factors. These results suggest a need to improve care for women with pre‐existing diabetes in rural Victoria.
Review highlights the latest research in Kingella kingae and stresses that molecular tests are required for diagnosis
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to provide an update on paediatric Kingella kingae infections.MethodsWe used the PubMed database to identify studies published in English, French and Spanish up to 15 November 2020.ResultsKingella kingae colonised the oropharynx after the age of 6 months, and the mucosal surface was the portal of entry of the organism to the bloodstream and the source of child‐to‐child spread. Attending day care centres was associated with increased carriage rate and transmission and disease outbreaks were detected in day care facilities. Skeletal system infections were usually characterised by mild symptoms and moderately elevated inflammation markers, requiring a high clinical suspicion index. The organism was difficult to recover in cultures and molecular tests significantly improve its detection. Kingella kingae was generally susceptible to beta‐lactam antibiotics, and skeletal diseases and bacteraemia responded to antimicrobial, leaving no long‐term sequelae. However, patients with endocarditis frequently experienced life‐threatening complications and the case fatality rate exceeded 10%.ConclusionKingella kingae was the prime aetiology of skeletal system infections in children aged 6–48 months. Paediatricians should be aware of the peculiar features of this infection and the need to use molecular tests for diagnosis.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children with and without risk for neurodevelopmental impairments
Authors: Ehrler Melanie , Werninger Isabelle , Schnider Barbara , Eichelberger Dominique A. , Naef Nadja , Disselhoff Vera , Kretschmar Oliver , Hagmann Cornelia F. , Latal Beatrice , Wehrle Flavia M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo examine how the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic impacts child well‐being and family functioning, particularly among children at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments.MethodsFamilies of 73 typically developing children, 54 children born very preterm (VPT) and 73 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from two prospective cohort studies were assessed prior to (mean age: 10.4 [SD: 1.2] years) and during (mean age: 12.8 [SD: 2.0] years) the pandemic, more specifically, in April/May 2020. Child well‐being and family functioning were assessed with validated, parent‐reported questionnaires and tested with linear mixed models. Group comparison of child distress and parental concerns related to medical implications of COVID‐19 and homeschooling, assessed with 5‐point Likert scales, was done with Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsChildren's psychological well‐being and family functioning (both, p < 0.001) decreased significantly during the pandemic, irrespective of group. Children with CHD were reported to be more concerned about becoming infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 than were others. Child distress due to homeschooling and parents' concerns about children's academic achievements were significantly higher in VPT and CHD children than in typically developing peers (all p < 0.001).ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic substantially impacts the whole family and leads to additional distress in families with children at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. These families should receive individualised counselling and assistance from healthcare providers and schools during the pandemic.
Cognitive profiles of extremely preterm children: Full‐Scale IQ hides strengths and weaknesses
Authors: F. Kaul Ylva , Johansson Martin , Månsson Johanna , Stjernqvist Karin , Farooqi Aijaz , Serenius Fredrik , B. Thorell Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo study whether a specific cognitive profile can be identified for children born extremely preterm (EPT) by investigating: 1) strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full‐Scale IQ, 2) overlap between different cognitive deficits and 3) proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits.MethodsWe analysed data from the 4th version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children in EPT children (n = 359) and matched controls (n = 367), collected within the 6.5‐year follow‐up of a population‐based prospective cohort study.ResultsExtremely preterm children performed worse than controls on all measures. Group differences were the largest in Perceptual Reasoning (PRI) and Working Memory (WMI), but differences between indices were small. However, when conducting categorical analyses, deficits in PRI and/or WMI were not more common than other combinations. Many EPT children had no or mild cognitive deficits, although often in multiple domains.ConclusionExtremely preterm children had greater weaknesses in working memory and perceptual abilities. However, detailed analyses of cognitive subscales showed large heterogeneity and provided no support for a specific cognitive profile. In conclusion, Full‐Scale IQ scores hide strengths and weaknesses and individual profiles for EPT children need to be considered in order to provide appropriate support.