bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation in teaching and learning invertebrate zoology in remote and online classrooms
Authors: Davis‐Berg Elizabeth C. , Kocot Kevin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 global pandemic caused instructors to pivot to remote and online teaching, an especially challenging task in hands‐on classes such as invertebrate biology. In this special 25th anniversary issue of Invertebrate Biology, the authors present a variety of clever and effective ways to help invertebrate biology instructors adapt to teaching in an online environment. Student‐centered research and learning are essential in all biology classes, and we explore scientific writing, field trips, do‐it‐yourself laboratories, and more. These techniques will be useful for classes of varying sizes and types, from non‐major undergraduates to graduate students, even after the pandemic is over. Innovation for teaching invertebrate biology online may help facilitate more inclusive courses that serve diverse students more equitably. Ideas for how to best move traditionally hands‐on laboratories into online or remote formats are currently also being informally discussed in a collaborative online space for instructors.
Synthesis and design of NaYF4 microprisms via a microwave‐assisted approach for highly sensitive optical thermometry applications
Authors: Som Sudipta , Lu Chung‐Hsin , Yang Che‐Yuan , Das Subrata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHexagonal NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ (β‐NaYF4) microprisms with uniform particle sizes were synthesized via a microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method (MWHM). Nucleation and crystal growth were significantly surpassed owing to the microwave irradiation. Cubic‐NaYF4: Er3+/Yb3+ (α‐NaYF4) nanoparticles were transformed into β‐NaYF4 microprisms with reaction time in between 10 and 120 minutes at 180°C. The shape of the particles was enhanced via controlling the nucleation process with optimized irradiation duration and heating rates. The size distribution of β‐NaYF4 microprisms was further improved via regulating the concentration of chelating agents and pH values in the precursor solution. β‐NaYF4 microprisms displayed red and green color emissions for 980 nm excitation owing to the 4F9/2 and 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ respectively. The ratio (2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2) between green fluorescence intensities (FIR) of β‐NaYF4 microprisms was recorded with the variation in temperature from 303 K to 550 K. The recorded FIR values obeyed Boltzmann distribution and the distribution was used to evaluate the sensitivity. The optimum absolute sensitivity was achieved as 0.0044 K−1 at 490 K with promising resolution, reversibility, and stability. Furthermore, the power‐dependent variations in FIR values implied the suitability of β‐NaYF4 microprisms in measuring the laser‐induced heating effects.
Renal denervation for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prado Gabriela M. , Mahfoud Felix , Lopes Renato D. , Moreira Dalmo A. R. , Staico Rodolfo , Damiani Lucas P. , Ukena Christian , Armaganijan Luciana V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart disease. Recent studies evaluated the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on the occurrence of VAs. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure.Methods and ResultsA systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies that evaluated the use of RDN for the management of VAs. Primary outcomes were reduction in the number of VAs and implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) therapies. Secondary outcomes were changes in blood pressure and renal function. Ten studies (152 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis. RDN was associated with a reduction in the number of VAs, antitachycardia pacing, ICD shocks, and overall ICD therapies of 3.53 events/patient/month (95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.48 to −1.57), 2.86 events/patient/month (95% CI = −4.09 to −1.63), 2.04 events/patient/month (95% CI = −2.12 to −1.97), and 2.68 events/patient/month (95% CI = −3.58 to −1.78), respectively. Periprocedural adverse events occurred in 1.23% of patients and no significant changes were seen in blood pressure or renal function.ConclusionsIn patients with refractory VAs, RDN was associated with a reduction in the number of VAs and ICD therapies, and was shown to be a safe procedure.
Comparison of nighttime measurement schedules using a wrist‐type nocturnal home blood pressure monitoring device
Authors: Tomitani Naoko , Kanegae Hiroshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the optimal nighttime home blood pressure (BP) measurement schedule for wrist BP monitoring. Fifty hypertensive patients (mean age 68.9 ± 11.3 years) self‐measured their nighttime BP hourly using a wrist‐type nocturnal home BP monitoring device at home on two consecutive nights. Using the average 7.2 ± 1.5 measurements per night, we compared the clock‐based index (average of three measurements at 2:00, 3:00, and 4:00 a.m.) and the bedtime‐based index (average of three measurements at 2, 3, and 4 h after bedtime). The clock‐based average was significantly higher than the bedtime‐based average for both systolic BP (2.7 ± 8.2 mmHg, P = .002) and diastolic BP (1.9 ± 5.1 mmHg, P < .001). Compared to the average of all measurements throughout a night (the same definition of ambulatory BP monitoring, ie, from the time point of going to bed to awakening), the clock‐based average was comparable (systolic/diastolic BP: −0.5 ± 5.5/−0.2 ± 3.7), whereas the bedtime‐based average was significantly lower (−3.3 ± 5.0/−2.1 ± 3.6). Thus, the repeated measurement of wrist‐measured nighttime BP at three clock‐based time points per night provided reliable values. Further prospective studies of larger populations are required to confirm the optimal nighttime BP measurement schedule for wrist BP monitoring for the prediction of cardiovascular events.
INO80 participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage by epigenetically regulating trophoblast migration and invasion
Authors: Xian Shu , Zhang Yan , Wang Li , Yao Fang , Ding Jinli , Wang Yanqing , Yang Xiao , Dai Fangfang , Yin Tailang , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe INO80 complex, a SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeler, has regulatory effects on ESC self‐renewal, somatic cell reprogramming and blastocyst development. However, the role of INO80 in regulating trophoblast cells and recurrent miscarriage (RM) remains elusive. To investigate the in vivo effects of Ino80 in embryo development, we disrupted Ino80 in C57 mice, which resulted in embryonic lethality. Silencing of Ino80 led to decreased survival capacity, migration and invasion of trophoblasts. Furthermore, RNA high‐throughput sequencing (RNA‐seq) revealed that Ino80 silencing closely resembled the gene expression changes in RM tissues. To investigate the mechanisms for these results, RNA‐seq combined with high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was used in trophoblast cells, and it showed that Ino80 physically occupies promoter regions to affect the expression of invasion‐associated genes. Last, Western blotting analyses and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the content of INO80 was reduced in RM patients compared to in healthy controls. This study indicates that INO80 has a specific regulatory effect on the viability, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. Combined with its regulation of the expression of invasion‐associated genes, it has been proposed that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the occurrence of RM, potentially informing RM therapeutic strategies.
m6A regulator‐mediated RNA methylation modification patterns are involved in immune microenvironment regulation of periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqi , Zhang Shizhen , Yan Xinyu , Shan Yue , Liu Lu , Zhou Jing , Kuang Qianyun , Li Minqi , Long Hu , Lai Wenli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe role of epigenetic regulation in immunity is emerging, especially for RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. However, little is known about the role of m6A in the regulation of the immune microenvironment of periodontitis. Thus, we aim to investigate the impact of m6A modification in periodontitis immune microenvironment. The RNA modification patterns mediated by 23 m6A‐regulators were systematically evaluated in 310 periodontitis samples. The impact of m6A modification on immune microenvironment characteristics was explored, including infiltrating immunocytes, immune reaction gene‐sets and HLAs (human leukocyte antigen) gene. m6A phenotype‐related immune genes were also identified. 17 m6A regulators were dysregulated and a 15‐m6A regulator signature can well distinguish periodontitis and control samples. ALKBH5 and FMR1 are closely related to infiltrating monocyte abundance. ELAVL1 and CBLL1 are significant regulators in immune reaction of TNF_Family_Members_Receptors and Cytokine. The expression of HLA‐B and HLA‐DOA is affected by ALKBH5 and LRPPRC. 3 distinct RNA modification patterns mediated by 23 m6A regulators were identified. They differ from immunocyte abundance, immune reaction and HLA gene. 1631 m6A phenotype‐related genes and 70 m6A‐mediated immune genes were identified, and the biological functions of these were explored. Our finding demonstrated the m6A modification plays a crucial role in the diversity and complexity of the immune microenvironment of periodontitis.
The role of early video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A multi‐center propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhao Ran , Nakamura Masanao , Wu Shan , Uchida Genta , Yamamura Takeshi , Gao Yun‐Jie , Goto Hidemi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Ge Zhi‐Zheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimVideo capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a first‐line procedure for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The opinions on the timing for such diagnostic evaluation remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of early VCE in OGIB patients.MethodsA total of 997 patients that underwent VCE at Renji Hospital and Nagoya University from May 15, 2002, to December 28, 2016, were included in this study. We matched patients that underwent early VCE within 14 days of bleeding (early group, n = 678) to patients that did not (late group, n = 319) via 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). We then compared VCE diagnostic rates and the prevalence of post‐VCE rebleeding in patients with initial negative VCE findings within 1 year between these groups before and after PSM.ResultsFollowing PSM, early VCE was associated with a significantly higher rate of OGIB diagnosis (56.4% vs 45.5%, P = 0.001) and with a significantly lower incidence of rebleeding within 1 year following treatment (24.7% vs 36.7%, P = 0.041). In univariate and multivariate analyses, VCE timing (odds ratio 0.648; 95% confidence interval 0.496–0.847, P = 0.001 and odds ratio 0.666; 95% confidence interval 0.496–0.894, P = 0.007, respectively) was found to be linked with a higher rate of positive findings.ConclusionEarly VCE can improve the reliability of OGIB diagnosis while also reducing rates of post‐VCE rebleeding. This suggests that timely and accurate diagnosis can help to improve OGIB patient treatment and prognosis.
Insulin action on astrocytes: From energy homeostasis to behaviour
Authors: González‐García Ismael , Gruber Tim , García‐Cáceres Cristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are specialised glial cells that integrate distinct inputs arising from neurones, other glial cells and the microcirculation to regulate diverse aspects of brain function. A growing body of emerging evidence supports that astrocytes, similar to neurones, also play active roles in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism by responding to afferent nutritional and hormonal cues and translating these metabolic cues into neuronal inputs. Specifically, insulin action in astrocytes has received special emphasis given its newly discovered regulatory role in brain glucose uptake, which until recently was assumed to be an insulin independent process. We now know that insulin signalling in astrocytes regulates metabolic processes and behavioural responses through coupling brain glucose uptake with nutrient availability to maintain energy balance and systemic glucose homeostasis. Moreover, genetic ablation of the insulin receptor in astrocytes is associated with anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviours, confirming that these glial cells are involved in the regulation of cognition and mood via insulin action. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the most relevant findings that have been made over the course of the last few years linking insulin signalling in astrocytes with the pathogenesis of brain metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases; a still unexplored field, but with a high translational potential for developing therapies.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Zika virus among staff of comprehensive health services centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020
Authors: Farrokh‐Eslamlou Hamidreza , Maheri Mina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare providers regarding Zika virus, provides information on their ability to prevent its transmission, and emphasizes the necessity of implementing educational programs if their knowledge, attitude, and practice are low. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the staff of comprehensive health services centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences regarding Zika Virus.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 354 staffs of comprehensive health service centers. The researcher‐made questionnaire consisted of two sections. The first section of the questionnaire was about demographic and professional characteristics of the participants and the second section was assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Zika virus. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and analytical statistics.ResultsIn this study, 70.9% of the participants had poor knowledge, 24.1% had moderate knowledge, and only 5% had good knowledge about Zika virus. Regarding attitude, 10.6% of the participants had negative attitude, 45.9% had neutral attitude, and 43.5% had positive attitude toward Zika virus. Moreover, 40.6% of the participants had poor practice, 24.7% had moderate practice, and 34.7% had good practice in Zika virus.ConclusionThe knowledge level in participants about Zika virus was unacceptable and their attitude and practice level was relatively acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement educational interventions aimed at promoting knowledge, attitude, and practice of the staff of comprehensive health services centers regarding Zika Virus.
(Generalized Linear) Mixed‐Effects Modeling: A Learner Corpus Example
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis methods showcase article provides a detailed overview of a mixed‐effects modeling analysis of corpus data on the use of that in object and subject complementation by native speakers of English compared to its use by German and Spanish learners of English.
“We emphasize that we do not claim that our illustrations are the only way to carry out these analyses, but the strategy outlined above has yielded satisfactory results.” (Bates et al., 2018, p. 5)
The fungal RABOME: RAB GTPases acting in the endocytic and exocytic pathways of Aspergillus nidulans (with excursions to other filamentous fungi)
Authors: Pinar Mario , Peñalva Miguel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRAB GTPases are major determinants of membrane identity that have been exploited as highly specific reporters to study intracellular traffic in vivo. A score of fungal papers have considered individual RABs, but systematic, integrated studies on the localization and physiological role of these regulators and their effectors have been performed only with Aspergillus nidulans. These studies have influenced the intracellular trafficking field beyond fungal specialists, leading to findings such as the maturation of trans‐Golgi (TGN) cisternae into post‐Golgi RAB11 secretory vesicles, the concept that these RAB11 secretory carriers are loaded with three molecular nanomotors, the understanding of the role of endocytic recycling mediated by RAB6 and RAB11 in determining the hyphal mode of life, the discovery that early endosome maturation and the ESCRT pathway are essential, the identification of specific adaptors of dynein‐dynactin to RAB5 endosomes, the exquisite dependence that autophagy displays on RAB1 activity, the role of TRAPPII as a GEF for RAB11, or the conclusion that the RAB1‐to‐RAB11 transition is not mediated by TRAPP maturation. A remarkable finding was that the A. nidulans Spitzenkörper contains four RABs: RAB11, Sec4, RAB6, and RAB1. How these RABs cooperate during exocytosis represents an as yet outstanding question.
Computational fluid dynamics of flow regime and hydrodynamic forces generated by a gliding North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
Authors: Wu Chen‐Yi , Nowacek Douglas P. , Nousek‐McGregor Anna E. , McGregor Ross , Howle Laurens E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate estimates of drag on marine animals are required to investigate the locomotive cost, propulsive efficiency, and the impacts of entanglement if the animal is carrying fishing gear. In this study, we performed computational fluid dynamics analysis of a 10 m (length over all) right whale to obtain baseline measurements of drag on the animal. Swimming speeds covering known right whale speed range (0.125 m/s to 8 m/s) were tested. We found a weak dependence between drag coefficient and Reynolds number. At a swimming speed of 2 m/s, we analyzed the boundary layer thicknesses, the flow regimes, and drag components. We found the thickest boundary layer at the lateral sides of the peduncle, whereas the boundary layer thickness over the outer part of the flukes was less than 1.7 cm. Laminar flow occurred over the anterior ~0.6 LoA and turbulent flow from ~0.8 LoA to the fluke notch. On the surfaces of the flukes outside of the body wake region, flow was laminar. Our most significant finding is that the drag coefficient (0.0071–0.0059) of a right whale for swimming speeds ranging from 0.25 m/s to 2 m/s is approximately twice that of many previous estimates for cetaceans.
Plasmodesmata play pivotal role in sucrose supply to Meloidogyne graminicola‐caused giant cells in rice
Authors: Xu Li‐he , Xiao Li‐ying , Xiao Yan‐nong , Peng De‐liang , Xiao Xue‐qiong , Huang Wen‐kun , Gheysen Godelieve , Wang Gao‐feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn infection, plant‐parasitic nematodes establish feeding sites in roots from which they take up carbohydrates among other nutrients. Knowledge on how carbohydrates are supplied to the nematodes’ feeding sites is limited. Here, gene expression analyses showed that RNA levels of OsSWEET11 to OsSWEET15 were extremely low in both Meloidogyne graminicola (Mg)‐caused galls and noninoculated roots. All the rice sucrose transporter genes, OsSUT1 to OsSUT5, were either down‐regulated in Mg‐caused galls compared with noninoculated rice roots or had very low transcript abundance. OsSUT1 was the only gene up‐regulated in galls, at 14 days postinoculation (dpi), after being highly down‐regulated at 3 and 7 dpi. OsSUT4 was down‐regulated at 3 dpi. No noticeable OsSUTs promoter activities were detected in Mg‐caused galls of pOsSUT1 to ‐5::GUS rice lines. Loading experiments with carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) demonstrated that symplastic connections exist between phloem and Mg‐caused giant cells (GCs). According to data from OsGNS5‐ and OsGSL2‐overexpressing rice plants that had decreased and increased callose deposition, respectively, callose negatively affected Mg parasitism and sucrose supply to Mg‐caused GCs. Our results suggest that plasmodesmata‐mediated sucrose transport plays a pivotal role in sucrose supply from rice root phloem to Mg‐caused GCs, and OsSWEET11 to ‐15 and OsSUTs are not major players in it, although further functional analysis is needed for OsSUT1 and OsSUT4.
A Cas12a‐based gene editing system for Phytophthora infestans reveals monoallelic expression of an elicitor
Authors: Ah‐Fong Audrey M.V. , Boyd Amy M. , Matson Michael E.H. , Judelson Howard S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhytophthora infestans is a destructive pathogen of potato and a model for investigations of oomycete biology. The successful application of a CRISPR gene editing system to P. infestans is so far unreported. We discovered that it is difficult to express CRISPR/Cas9 but not a catalytically inactive form in transformants, suggesting that the active nuclease is toxic. We were able to achieve editing with CRISPR/Cas12a using vectors in which the nuclease and its guide RNA were expressed from a single transcript. Using the elicitor gene Inf1 as a target, we observed editing of one or both alleles in up to 13% of transformants. Editing was more efficient when guide RNA processing relied on the Cas12a direct repeat instead of ribozyme sequences. INF1 protein was not made when both alleles were edited in the same transformant, but surprisingly also when only one allele was altered. We discovered that the isolate used for editing, 1306, exhibited monoallelic expression of Inf1 due to insertion of a copia‐like element in the promoter of one allele. The element exhibits features of active retrotransposons, including a target site duplication, long terminal repeats, and an intact polyprotein reading frame. Editing occurred more often on the transcribed allele, presumably due to differences in chromatin structure. The Cas12a system not only provides a tool for modifying genes in P. infestans, but also for other members of the genus by expanding the number of editable sites. Our work also highlights a natural mechanism that remodels oomycete genomes.
Building Bridges: Using a Local Conference to Facilitate Conversations and Collaborations Around Applied Anthropology
Authors: Brunson Emily K. , Taylor Reyda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudents' education in applied anthropology can occur through a variety of sources including classroom instruction, hands‐on experience and professional mentorship. Anthropology programs, and especially those with an applied focus, can help facilitate these types of experiences. This article details one such attempt: the creation and implementation of a local conference. The Texas Applied Anthropology Summit (TAAS) was first developed in 2016. The purpose of this and subsequent TAAS events was to bring together anthropological practitioners, faculty and students in an effort to build and strengthen relationships around applied anthropology in Texas. Based on data collected from past TAAS events and additional outreach with anthropologist practitioners it was determined that while key differences in practitioner and student/faculty interests exist, TAAS serves as an important networking tool for all attendees. This article also details what is needed, including programmatic support, to organize and implement a local conference.