bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinfection ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrom N95 respirators with ozone: a pilot study
Authors: Manning Edward P , Stephens Matthew D , Dufresne Sylvie , Silver Bruce , Gerbarg Patricia , Gerbarg Zach , Dela Cruz Charles S , Sharma Lokesh 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPersonal protective equipment shortages require the reuse of N95 respirators. We sought the necessary conditions for ozone to disinfect N95 respirators for reuse and the effects of multiple cycles of exposure.MethodsPortions of 3M 1870 N95 respirators were exposed to ozone at 400 ppm with 80% humidity for 2 hours to determine effectiveness of ozone on killingPseudomonas aeruginosa. Entire 3M 1870 N95 respirators were exposed to five cycles of 400 ppm with 80% or higher humidity for 2 hours then evaluated for ozone’s effects on airflow resistance, filtration efficiency, strap strength and quantitative fit.ResultsOzone exposure disinfected 3M 1870 N95 respirators heavily inoculated withP. aeruginosa. Ozone exposure did not negatively affect the airflow resistance, filtration efficiency, strap strength or fit of the 3M 1870 N95 respirator.DiscussionThese results suggest that ozone is a feasible strategy to disinfect N95 respirators for reuse during this and future pandemics.
Use of plasma ctDNA as a potential biomarker for longitudinal monitoring of a patient with metastatic high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma receiving pembrolizumab and personalized neoepitope-derived multipeptide vaccinations: a case report
Authors: Blumendeller Carolin , Boehme Julius , Frick Maximilian , Schulze Martin , Rinckleb Antje , Kyzirakos Christina , Kayser Simone , Kopp Maria , Kelkenberg Sabine , Pieper Natalia , Bartsch Oliver , Hadaschick Dirk , Battke Florian , Stenzl Arnulf , Biskup Saskia 
Published: January 2021

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is often diagnosed late and exhibits poor prognosis. Only limited data are available concerning therapeutic regimes and potential biomarkers for disease monitoring. Standard therapies often provide only insufficient treatment options. Hence, immunotherapies and complementary approaches, such as personalized neoepitope-derived multipeptide vaccine (PNMV), come into focus. In this context, genetic analysis of tumor tissue by whole exome sequencing represents an essential diagnostic step in order to calculate tumor mutational burden (TMB) and to reveal tumor-specific neoantigens. Furthermore, disease progression is essential to be monitored. Longitudinal screening of individually known mutations in plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by the use of next-generation sequencing and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) might be a promising method to fill this gap.Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old man who was diagnosed with high-risk metastatic UTUC in 2015. After initial surgery and palliative chemotherapy, he developed recurrence of the tumor. Genetic analysis revealed a high TMB of 41.2 mutations per megabase suggesting a potential success of immunotherapy. Therefore, in 2016, off-label treatment with the checkpoint-inhibitor pembrolizumab was started leading to strong regression of the disease. This therapy was then discontinued due to side effects and treatment with a previously produced PNMV was started that induced strong T cell responses. During both treatments, plasma Liquid Biopsies (pLBs) were performed to measure the number of mutated molecules per mL plasma (MM/mL) of a known tumor-specific variant in the MLH1 gene by ddPCR for longitudinal monitoring. Under treatment, MM/mL was constantly zero. A few months after all therapies had been discontinued, an increase of MM/mL was detected that persisted in the following pLBs. When MRI scans proved tumor recurrence, treatment with pembrolizumab was started again leading to a rapid decrease of MM/mL in the pLB to again zero. Treatment response was then also confirmed by MRI.This case shows that use of immunotherapy and PNMV might be a promising treatment option for patients with high-risk metastatic UTUC. Furthermore, measurement of individually known tumor mutations in plasma ctDNA by the use of pLB could be a very sensitive biomarker to longitudinally monitor disease.
Femoral artery block (FAB) attenuates thigh tourniquet-induced hypertension: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wahal Christopher , Grant Stuart A , Gadsden Jeffrey , Rambhia Milly T , Bullock W Michael 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Prolonged tourniquet inflation during surgery frequently leads to tourniquet hypertension (TH), which is thought to arise from compression of A-δ fibers leading to sympathetically mediated C fiber activation. In the lower extremity, C fibers and other sympathetic nerve fibers are carried along the femoral artery. We hypothesized that blockade of these fibers at the femoral artery would decrease the incidence of TH.

Methods
Thirty American Society of Anesthesia 1–3 patients aged 18–75 undergoing total ankle arthroplasty were randomized to receive 15 mL of injectate (mepivacaine 1.5% or saline placebo) at the anteromedial aspect of the common femoral artery at the level of the inguinal crease under ultrasound guidance. Both groups received preoperative popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks for analgesia and a standardized general anesthetic. Esmolol was administered if systolic blood pressure rose >30% above baseline. Incidence of TH was the primary outcome.

Results
TH was present in 93.3% of sham patients versus 33.3% of block patients. Mean systolic pressure at 120 min and 150 min of tourniquet time was significantly higher in the sham group compared with the block group. Esmolol requirement (95.3+107.6 v 8.0+14.2, p=<0.001) was also significantly higher in the sham group. No differences were noted in pain scores or opioid consumption, and no patient experienced sensory or motor block of the femoral nerve.

Discussion
Under these experimental conditions, injection of local anesthetic around the femoral artery reduced the incidence of TH and intraoperative esmolol requirement.

Trial registration number

www.clinicaltrials.gov (
NCT03390426
; December 28, 2017).
Exceptionally high mortality of adult female salmon: a large-scale pattern and a conservation concern
Authors: Hinch Scott G. , Bett Nolan N. , Eliason Erika J. , Farrell Anthony P. , Cooke Steven J. , Patterson David A. 
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the relative proportion of female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on spawning grounds of several British Columbia populations has declined. Coincident with the decline has been large changes to oceanic, estuarine, and river migration environments. Over the past 30 years, numerous telemetry tracking and laboratory studies have examined mortality of adult Fraser River sockeye salmon during ocean and freshwater migrations. We reviewed 19 studies that provided 40 situations where male and female mortality could be directly compared. Female mortality averaged 2.1 times greater than that of males and up to eightfold higher. High female mortality was also evident in migrating coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and for sockeye salmon in other systems. Female mortality was highest when migration conditions were challenging (e.g., high or turbulent flows, high temperatures, confinement, or handling) and towards end of river migration. We review mechanisms for differential mortality, including energy exhaustion, cardiac performance, physiological stress, and immune factors. Female-specific mortality will become even more pronounced in coming years as ocean and riverine conditions continue to change.
Hemorrhage Expansion After Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Boulouis Gregoire , Hak Jean-François , Kerleroux Basile , Benichi Sandro , Stricker Sarah , Gariel Florent , Alias Quentin , Bourgeois Marie , Meyer Philippe , Kossorotoff Manoelle , Garzelli Lorenzo , Garcelon Nicolas , Boddaert Nathalie , Morotti Andrea , Blauwblomme Thomas , Naggara Olivier 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Significant hemorrhage expansion (sHE) is a known predictor of poor outcome after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in adults but remains poorly reported in children. In a large inception cohort, we aimed to explore the prevalence of sHE, its associations with clinical outcomes, and its clinical-imaging predictors in children.

Methods:
Children admitted between January 2000 and March 2020 at a quaternary care pediatric hospital were screened for inclusion. Sample was restricted to children with 2 computed tomography scans within 72 hours of ICH onset, and a minimal clinical follow-up of months. sHE was defined as an increase from baseline ICH volume by 6 cc or 33% on follow-up computed tomography. Clinical outcome was assessed at 12 months with the King’s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury score and defined as favorable for scores ≥5.

Results:

Fifty-two children met inclusion criteria, among which 8 (15%) demonstrated sHE, and 18 (34.6%) any degree of expansion. Children with sHE had more frequent coagulation disorders (25.0% versus 2.3%;
P
=0.022). After multivariable adjustment, only the presence of coagulation disorders at baseline remained independently associated with sHE (adjusted odds ratio, 14.4 [95% CI, 1.04–217];
P
=0.048). sHE was independently associated with poor outcome (King’s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury <5A, odds ratio, 5.77 [95% CI, 1.01–38.95];
P
=0.043).

Conclusions:
sHE is a frequent phenomenon after admission for a pediatric ICH and more so in children with coagulation defects. As sHE was strongly associated with poorer clinical outcomes, these data mandate a baseline coagulation work up and questions the need for protocolized repeat head computed tomography in children admitted for pediatric ICH.
Topics as clusters of citation links to highly cited sources: The
case of research on international relations
Authors: Havemann Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Following Henry Small in his approach to cocitation analysis, highly cited sources are seen as concept symbols of research fronts. But instead of cocited sources, I cluster citation links, which are the thematically least heterogenous elements in bibliometric studies. To obtain clusters representing topics characterized by concepts, I restrict link clustering to citation links to highly cited sources. Clusters of citation links between papers in a political-science subfield (international relations) and 300 of their sources most cited in the period 2006–2015 are constructed by a local memetic algorithm. It finds local minima in a cost landscape corresponding to clusters, which can overlap each other pervasively. The clusters obtained are well separated from the rest of the network but can have suboptimal cohesion. Cohesive cores of topics are found by applying an algorithm that constructs core-periphery structures in link sets. In this methodological paper I discuss some initial clustering results for the second half of the 10-year period.
A Variational Method for Analyzing Vortex Flows in Radar-Scanned Tornadic Mesocyclones. Part II: Tests with Analytically Formulated Vortices
Authors: Xu Qin , Wei Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe variational method formulated in Part I for analyzing vortex flow (VF), called VF-Var, is tested with simulated radar radial-velocity observations from idealized and pseudo-operational Doppler scans of analytically formulated benchmark vortices with spiral-band structures to resemble VFs in observed tornadic mesocyclones. The idealized Doppler scans are unidirectional in parallel along horizontal grid lines of a coarse-resolution grid, so they measure only the horizontal components of three-dimensional velocities in the analysis domain. The pseudo-operational Doppler scans mimic a scan mode used by operational WSR-88Ds for severe storms. Paired numerical experiments are designed and performed to test the two-step analysis versus single-step analysis formulated in VF-Var. Both analyses perform very well with dual-Doppler scans and reasonably well with single-Doppler scans. Errors in the analyzed velocities from single-Doppler scans are mainly in the unobserved velocity components and only in fractions of the benchmark velocities. When the vortex is upright or slanted in the direction perpendicular to idealized single-Doppler scans, the two-step analysis slightly outperforms the single-step analysis for idealized Doppler scans and pseudo-operational dual-Doppler scans. When the vortex becomes slanted in the direction largely along or against Doppler scans, both analyses become less (more) accurate in analyzing the horizontal (slantwise vertical) velocity, and the single-step analysis outperforms the two-step analysis especially for single-Doppler scans. By considering the projections of analyzed velocity on radar beams in the original Cartesian coordinates, useful insights are gained for understanding why and how the analysis accuracies are affected by vortex slanting.
Dual-Polarization Deconvolution and Geophysical Retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer during OLYMPEX/RADEX
Authors: Amiot Corey G. , Biswas Sayak K. , Lang Timothy J. , Duncan David I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent upgrades, calibration, and scan-angle bias reductions to the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) have yielded physically realistic brightness temperatures (Tb) from the Olympic Mountains Experiment and Radar Definition Experiment (OLYMPEX/RADEX) dataset. Measured mixed-polarization Tb were converted to horizontally and vertically polarized Tb via dual-polarization deconvolution, and linear regression equations were developed to retrieve integrated cloud liquid water (CLW), water vapor (WV), and 10-m wind speed (WS) using simulated AMPR Tb and modeled atmospheric profiles. These equations were tested using AMPR Tb collected during four OLYMPEX/RADEX cases; the resulting geophysical values were compared with independent retrieval (1DVAR) results from the same dataset, while WV and WS were also compared with in situ data. Geophysical calculations using simulated Tb yielded relatively low retrieval and crosstalk errors when compared with modeled profiles; average CLW, WV, and WS root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) were 0.11 mm, 1.28 mm, and 1.11 m s−1, respectively, with median absolute deviations (MedAD) of 2.26 × 10−2 mm, 0.22 mm, and 0.55 m s−1, respectively. When applied to OLYMPEX/RADEX data, the new retrieval equations compared well with 1DVAR; CLW, WV, and WS RMSD were 9.95 × 10−2 mm, 2.00 mm, and 2.35 m s−1, respectively, and MedAD were 2.88 × 10−2 mm, 1.14 mm, and 1.82 m s−1, respectively. WV MedAD between the new equations and dropsondes were 2.10 and 1.80 mm at the time and location of minimum dropsonde altitude, respectively, while WS MedAD were 1.15 and 1.53 m s−1, respectively, further indicating the utility of these equations.
A Bimodal Diagnostic Cloud Fraction Parameterization. Part II: Evaluation and Resolution Sensitivity
Authors: Van Weverberg Kwinten , Morcrette Cyril J. , Boutle Ian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA wide range of approaches exists to account for subgrid cloud variability in regional simulations of the atmosphere. This paper addresses the following questions: 1) Is there still benefit in representing subgrid variability of cloud in convection-permitting simulations? 2) What is the sensitivity to the cloud fraction parameterization complexity? 3) Are current cloud fraction parameterizations scale-aware across convection-permitting resolutions? These questions are addressed for regional simulations of a 6-week observation campaign in the U.S. southern Great Plains. Particular attention is given to a new diagnostic cloud fraction scheme with a bimodal subgrid saturation-departure PDF, described in Part I. The model evaluation is performed using ground-based remote sensing synergies, satellite-based retrievals, and surface observations. It is shown that not using a cloud fraction parameterization results in underestimated cloud frequency and water content, even for stratocumulus. The use of a cloud fraction parameterization does not guarantee improved cloud property simulations, however. Diagnostic and prognostic cloud schemes with a symmetric subgrid saturation-departure PDF underestimate cloud fraction and cloud optical thickness, and hence overestimate surface shortwave radiation. These schemes require empirical bias-correction techniques to improve the cloud cover. The new cloud fraction parameterization, introduced in Part I, improves cloud cover, liquid water content, cloud-base height, optical thickness, and surface radiation compared to schemes reliant on a symmetric PDF. Furthermore, cloud parameterizations using turbulence-based, rather than prescribed constant subgrid variances, are shown to be more scale-aware across convection-permitting resolutions.
Longitudinal change in restricted and repetitive behaviors from 8-36 months
Authors: Sifre Robin , Berry Daniel , Wolff Jason J. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and one of the earliest behavioral signs of ASD. However, RRBs are also present in typically developing (TD) infants, toddlers, and preschool-aged children. Past work suggests that examining change in these behaviors over time is essential to distinguish between normative manifestations of these behaviors and behaviors that denote risk for a neurodevelopmental disorder. One challenge in examining changes in these behaviors over time is that most measures of RRBs have not established longitudinal measurement invariance. The aims of this study were to (1) establish measurement invariance in the Repetitive Behavior Scales for Early Childhood (RBS-EC), a parent-report questionnaire of RRBs, and (2) model developmental change in RRBs from 8 to 36 months.

Methods
We collected RBS-EC responses from parents of TD infants (n = 180) from 8 to 36 months (n = 606 responses, with participants contributing an average of 3-time points). We leverage a novel methodological approach to measurement invariance testing (Bauer, Psychological Models, 22(3), 507–526, 2017), moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), to determine whether the RBS-EC was invariant across age and sex. We then generated adjusted factor score estimates for each subscale of the RBS-EC (repetitive motor, self-directed, and higher-order behaviors), and used linear mixed effects models to estimate between- and within-person changes in the RBS-EC over time.

Results
The RBS-EC showed some non-invariance as a function of age. We were able to adjust for this non-invariance in order to more accurately model changes in the RBS-EC over time. Repetitive motor and self-directed behaviors showed a linear decline from 8 to 36 months, while higher-order behaviors showed a quadratic trajectory such that they began to decline later in development at around 18 months. Using adjusted factor scores as opposed to unadjusted raw mean scores provided a number of benefits, including increased within-person variability and precision.

Conclusions
The RBS-EC is sensitive enough to measure the presence of RRBs in a TD sample, as well as their decline with age. Using factor score estimates of each subscale adjusted for non-invariance allowed us to more precisely estimate change in these behaviors over time.
Maternal folic acid impacts DNA methylation profile in male rat offspring implicated in neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Li Zhenshu , Zhu Yun , Yan Jing , Liu Huan , Huang Guowei , Li Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation not only reduces the incidence of neural tube defects, but also improves cognitive performances in offspring. However, the genes or pathways that are epigenetically regulated by FA in neurodevelopment were rarely reported.

Methods
To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the effect of FA on the methylation profiles in brain tissue of male rat offspring was assessed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and gene network analysis were identified using DAVID and KEGG pathway analysis.

Results
Compared with the folate-normal diet group, 1939 DMGs were identified in the folate-deficient diet group, and 1498 DMGs were identified in the folate-supplemented diet group, among which 298 DMGs were overlapped. The pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in response to maternal FA intake during pregnancy, and there were some identical and distinctive potential mechanisms under FA deficiency or FA-supplemented conditions.

Conclusions
In conclusion, genes and pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in male rat offspring in response to maternal FA deficiency or supplementation during pregnancy.
Sensitivity enriched multi-criterion decision making process for novel railway switches and crossings − a case study
Authors: Boghani Hitesh C. , Ambur Ramakrishnan , Blumenfeld Marcelo , Saade Louis , Goodall Roger M. , Ward Christopher P. , Plášek Otto , Gofton Neil , Morata Miquel , Roberts Clive , Dixon Roger 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite their important role in railway operations, switches and crossings (S&C) have changed little since their conception over a century ago. It stands now that the existing designs for S&C are reaching their maximum point of incremental performance improvement, and only a radical redesign can overcome the constraints that current designs are imposing on railway network capacity. This paper describes the process of producing novel designs for next generation switches and crossings, as part of the S-CODE project.

Methods
Given the many aspects that govern a successful S&C design, it is critical to adopt multi criteria decision making (MCDM) processes to identify a specific solution for the next generation of switches and crossings. However, a common shortcoming of these methods is that their results can be heavily influenced by external factors, such as uncertainty in criterium weighting or bias of the evaluators, for example. This paper therefore proposes a process based on the Pugh Matrix method to reduce such biases by using sensitivity analysis to investigate them and improve the reliability of decision making.

Results
In this paper, we analysed the influences of three different external factors, measuring the sensitivity of ranking due to (a) weightings, (b) organisational and (c) discipline bias. The order of preference of the results was disturbed only to a minimum while small influences of bias were detected.

Conclusions
Through this case study, we believe that the paper demonstrates an effective case study for a quantitative process that can improve the reliability of decision making.