bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and rapid digitalization of learning and teaching: quality assurance issues and solutions in a Sino-foreign higher education institution
Authors: Perrin Stuart , Wang Ling 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to report and analyze the lessons learnt from a case study of the implementation of the move from onsite to online learning at a Sino-Foreign higher education institution.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports a case study based on an analysis of three elements of the move to digital education during the COVID-19 pandemic. In suggesting three elements, it argues that the first and most immediate move away from onsite teaching should be thought of as emergency response teaching, and it is the lessons learnt from this vital and necessary stage that have informed the subsequent implementation of a more digitalization process.

Findings
The case study identifies the journey that the university is going through to deliver digitalized education, and how the pandemic hastened what had already been started. It illustrates how the pandemic has been useful in highlighting where we are, what decisions have been made and what still needs to be done with regard to readiness for the disruption likely by Industry 4.0.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted at one institution, which along with eight other similar institutions is unique within China. Findings, especially the processes of making decisions, while relevant to the wider discussion on digitalization and Industry 4.0, should also be considered in this light.

Practical implications
While the focus of the paper is on COVID-19 and Rapid Digitalization of Learning and Teaching, the main implication is that universities need to better prepare their teaching staff for digitalized education, especially if they are wanting to engage with disruption brought about by Industry 4.0.

Originality/value
The paper is based on a single university case study of a rather unique university within China. The discussion illustrates the need for flexibility and decisiveness in making key decisions on managing disruption, but with strategic direction in mind, illustrated in the study by COVID-19, but with future digitalization initiatives also to the fore.
An exploratory assessment of the educational practices during COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Vibhash , Verma Ashima 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study aims to address the state of teaching-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic by assessing the pedagogies used, evidence collected, best practices used and technologies used for instruction by the academics in higher education institutions (HEIs). This study also analyses the impact of online academic motivation (OAM) and online academic amotivation of the teachers on the online student engagement (OSE) during the emergency remote teaching (ERT) period.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed methodology by incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods for analysis. Data used in this study have been drawn from a pool of educationists teaching in various HEIs in different parts of India (n= 900). Sentiment analysis, project map and mind map have been used to analyze the teachers’ experiences in the new teaching environment. Further, this study uses exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis to measure and validate the study’s scales.FindingsThe combination of empirical and qualitative analysis captured the ERT model followed by the teachers. The overall experience of teachers regarding the online mode of teaching-learning is moderately positive. This study reports a direct positive and significant impact of teachers’ motivation on perceived student engagement in the online mode.Originality/valueThis research proposes and validates scales to measure perceived OSE and the teachers’ OAM. This study also establishes an impact assessment of the teachers’ motivation levels on the students’ engagement from an educator’s perspective.
On the manufacturability of Inconel 718 thin-walled honeycomb structures by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Zea Pérez José M. , Corona-Castuera Jorge , Poblano-Salas Carlos , Henao John , Hernández Hernández Arturo 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of printing strategies and processing parameters on wall thickness, microhardness and compression strength of Inconel 718 superalloy thin-walled honeycomb lattice structures manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF).

Design/methodology/approach
Two printing contour strategies were applied for producing thin-walled honeycomb lattice structures in which the laser power, contour path, scanning speed and beam offset were systematically modified. The specimens were analyzed by optical microscopy for dimensional accuracy. Vickers hardness and quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were performed on the specimens with the least difference between the design wall thickness and the as built one to evaluate their mechanical properties and compare them with the counterparts obtained by using standard print strategies.

Findings
The contour printing strategies and process parameters have a significant influence on reducing the fabrication time of thin-walled honeycomb lattice structures (up to 50%) and can lead to improve the manufacturability and dimensional accuracy. Also, an increase in the young modulus up to 0.8 times and improvement in the energy absorption up to 48% with respect to those produced by following a standard strategy was observed.

Originality/value
This study showed that printing contour strategies can be used for faster fabrication of thin-walled lattice honeycomb structures with similar mechanical properties than those obtained by using a default printing strategy.
Leveraging critical friendship to navigate doctoral student role transitions
Authors: Gregory Kristen Howell , Burbage Amanda Kate 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of critical friendship on a first- and last-year doctoral student’s novice and expert mindsets during role transitions. Doctoral students are challenged to navigate role transitions during their academic programs. Experiences in research expectations, academy acculturation and work-life balance, may impact doctoral students’ novice-expert mindsets and contribute to the costly problem of attrition. Universities offer generic doctoral support, but few support sources address the long-term self-directed nature of self-study.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors participated in a collaborative self-study over a 30-month period. The authors collected 35 personal shared journal entries and 12 recorded and transcribed discussions. The authors conducted a constant comparative analysis of the data, and individually and collaboratively coded the data for initial and focused codes to construct themes.

Findings
The critical friendship provided a safe space to explore the doctoral experiences and novice-expert mindsets, which the authors were not fully able to do with programmatic support alone. The authors identified nine specific strategies that positively impacted the novice-expert mindsets during the following role transitions: professional to student, student to graduate and graduate to professional.

Originality/value
While researchers have identified strategies and models for doctoral student support targeting specific milestones, this study identified strategies to support doctoral students’ novice-expert mindsets during role transitions. These strategies may benefit other graduate students, as well as faculty and program directors, as they work to support student completion.
Promoting psychological well-being in doctoral students: a qualitative study adopting a positive psychology perspective
Authors: Jackman Patricia C. , Sisson Kelly 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Concerns about psychological well-being (PWB) in doctoral students have grown in recent years. The purpose of this study was to explore qualitatively doctoral students’ perceptions of factors that promoted their PWB during the doctoral journey.

Design/methodology/approach
Nine recent doctoral graduates at an English university participated in the study. Participants recalled their experience and PWB during the doctoral journey via a life grid and semi-structured interview. The life grids were visually inspected to identify high points in PWB whilst the interview data were analysed thematically.

Findings
The analysis produced the following seven themes representing factors that participants described during periods of better PWB: accomplishments; intrinsic rewards; self-efficacy; comprehension and understanding; supervisor support; wider support network; and self-care and lifestyle.

Originality/value
By adopting a positive psychology approach and exploring qualitatively factors that promoted PWB in doctoral students, this study offers an alternative perspective to research on doctoral student well-being, which has largely adopted a pathological focus. As such, the study demonstrates the utility of approaching research on doctoral students’ PWB from a positive psychology perspective. Findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature, and future directions for research are outlined.
Analyzing the cause of human electrical accidents using Swiss Cheese model
Authors: Puthillath Beena , Marath Bhasi , Ayappan Babu Chembakthuparambil 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to explore the factors influencing electrical accidents. Here, the authors aim to understand and model the causes of electrical accidents at multiple levels.

Design/methodology/approach
In the study, the authors have tried to put causes of accidents in the electricity distribution segment, in the framework of the Swiss Cheese model. Delphi kind of expert survey was conducted to find the Cheese Slice (level) and the causes (holes) for electrical accidents. Inputs from a hundred experts having more than five years of experience in electrical utility companies have been used to find Cheese Slice and holes, to explain the occurrence of an electrical accident.

Findings
Effective training for safe work practices, safe knowledge and closer supervision would go a long way to plug the holes in the Cheese Slice in human factors. The difference in perception of managers, supervisors and workers on the importance of various causes of electrical accidents are also presented and discussed.

Research limitations/implications
This research is based on expert opinion and survey where respondent perception is reported. Actual accident data has not been used here.

Practical implications
The holes or causes of accidents at different levels (Cheese Slice) have been identified for plugging or removal for better safety.

Social implications
Electrical energy is widely used, and therefore, electrical safety is a social concern and also improving it is a social need.

Originality/value
The study contributes to electrical safety issues in the electrical utility sector.
Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles and particles reveals the cellular response to cisplatin in NSCLC
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Wang Lujuan , Yin Na , Chen Anqi , Yi Junqi , Tang Jingqun , Xiang Juanjuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin‐based chemotherapy is a therapeutic strategy against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, cancers relapse after chemotherapy due to a dormant state of residual cancer cells. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are active carriers of proteins and nucleic acid. Here, we aimed to study the molecular alterations and proteomic characteristics of EPV in dormant and reactivated cancer cells induced by cisplatin.MethodsWe used a short‐term single dose of cisplatin to induce the dormant and reactivated cell status. We examined the gene expressional profiling and proteomic profiling of EVPs from dormant and reactivated cancer cells by RNA‐sequencing and LC–MS/MS.ResultsWe found substantial changes in gene expression and protein level in EVP. The genes with higher expression in dormant cancer cells were lipid transporter‐ and lipid metabolic‐related genes. A total of 111 EVP proteins were upregulated in dormant cancer cells compared to those in control cells. Fifty differential expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in EVPs from reactivated cancer cells compared to those in dormant cancer cells. Among the DEPs, we found that apolipoproteins such as APOA1 and APOE were significantly increased in dormant cancer cell‐derived EVPs. Integration of EVP proteomes with transcriptional profiles of cancer cells revealed that the proteomic profiling of EVP derived from cancer cells can reflect the cellular status of cancer cells, which showed an activated lipid metabolism in dormant state.ConclusionLipoproteins enriched in EVPs reflect the activated lipid metabolism in dormant cancer cells and may provide potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin‐based therapy.
Implementation and design of customized ex vivo machine perfusion. Analysis of its first results
Authors: Riveros Sergio , Marino Carlo , Ochoa Gabriela , Morales Emilio , Soto Dagoberto , Alegría Leyla , Zenteno María Josefina , Brañes Alejandro , Achurra Pablo , Rebolledo Rolando A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lack of organs available for transplantation is a global problem. The high mortality rates on the waiting list and the high number of discarded livers are reasons to develop new tools in the preservation and transplantation process. New tools should also be available for low‐income countries. This article reports the development of customized normothermic machine perfusion (NMP). An ex vivo dual perfusion machine was designed, composed of a common reservoir organ box (CRO), a centrifugal pump (portal system, low pressure), and a roller pump (arterial system, high pressure). Porcine livers (n = 5) were perfused with an oxygenated normothermic (37℃) strategy for 3 hours. Hemodynamic variables, metabolic parameters, and bile production during preservation were analyzed. Arterial and portal flow remain stable during perfusion. Total bilirubin production was 11.25 mL (4‐14.5) at 180 minutes. The median pH value reached 7.32 (7.25‐7.4) at 180 minutes. Lactate values decreased progressively to normalization at 120 minutes. This perfusion setup was stable and able to maintain the metabolic activity of a liver graft in a porcine animal model. Design and initial results from this customized NMP are promising for a future clinical application in low‐income countries.
Preclinical assessment of Class IV proximal contacts following different teaching strategies
Authors: Karl Elisabeta , Siddanna Geetha Duddanahalli , Mantesso Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionClass IV composite restorations are one of the biggest challenges in dentistry. Furthermore, replacing adequate proximal contours on Class IV restorations is crucial for the function and aesthetics. The objective of this study is to assess four different teaching strategies used to improve first‐year dental students’ Class IV restoration proximal contact performance over a period of 4 years.Materials and MethodsWe assessed four cohorts of first‐year dental students who were exposed to four different teaching strategies during the first‐year preclinical training over two consecutive academic terms. The four different teaching strategies used were: (a) two waxing exercises (control cohort, strategy 1); (b) digital dentistry and four waxing exercises (strategy 2); (c) four waxing exercises (strategy 3); and (d) four waxing exercises and live demonstrations (strategy 4). All cohorts were exposed to the same didactic lecture of Class IV restorations.ResultsOur results showed that all teaching strategies resulted in better student's performance and content retention compared to the control cohort. However, the teaching strategy that resulted in the best pass/fail ratio was the association of waxing exercises with live demonstrations (strategy 4).DiscussionIncreasing the number of waxing exercises may improve students’ performance either alone or associated with different teaching strategies. However, when associated with live demonstrations, waxing exercises have significantly reduced critical errors.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated for the first time the benefits of the affordable and traditional waxing exercises associated with instructor demonstrations as a teaching strategy for first‐year dental students.
Factors affecting the quality of online learning in a task‐based college course
Authors: Lee Sangmin‐Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the face of the COVID‐19 pandemic, all colleges in Korea were forced to transition to online teaching, as was the case in most of the rest of the world. This situation engendered confusion, frustration, and dissatisfaction among students as well as instructors. The present study examined college students' perceptions of online learning in general and of one purpose‐designed course in particular and compared their responses. The objective was to identify factors that might enhance the quality of online education (OE) and learner satisfaction. The present study applied a mixed method to ensure robust results, using a survey, interviews, students' reflection papers, and the instructor's field notes. The results indicated that the students perceived online learning as less effective than traditional face‐to‐face classes overall but were satisfied with the customized online course, specifically citing the instructor's prompt feedback, interaction among students, and effective design of tasks. Given this outcome, the present study suggests several pedagogical implications for OE in the future.
Study on cobweb‐like carbon nanotubes/calcium aluminate cement and its effect on the properties of Al2O3–SiC–C castables
Authors: Zang Yunfei , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Chen Jianjun , Lei Changkun , Luo Jiyuan , Chong Xiaochuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCobweb‐like carbon nanotubes/calcium aluminate cement (CNTs/CAC) were synthesized through catalytic sintering with citric acid, calcium carbonate, and alumina as raw materials and ferric chloride as catalyst precursor. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The in situ cobweb‐like carbon firmly bonded between calcium aluminate grains, which endows the better oxidation resistance and water dispersion of carbon. The research had also shown that the bamboo‐like multiwalled carbon nanotubes with high aspect ratio were formed in cement by catalysis, which were entangled and aggregated to form cobweb‐like carbon. CNTs/CAC was applied in the Al2O3–SiC–C castables as a binder. Compared with the castables with spherical asphalt and in situ high‐content carbon‐containing calcium aluminate cement (HCCAC) as carbon source, the oxidation resistance index ratio of the castables bonded with CNTs/CAC increased by 45% and 22%, and the residual strength ratio increased by 25% and 20%, respectively. The results indicated that the oxidation resistance and thermal shock of the Al2O3–SiC–C castables bonded with CNTs/CAC were significantly improved.
Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition
Authors: Avila Jose D. , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDirected energy deposition (DED) was used to produce niobium carbide (NbC)‐reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) metal–matrix‐composite (MMC) structures. The objective was to improve upon Ti64's wear and oxidation resistance. The characterization techniques consisted of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vickers micro‐ and nanoindentation‐derived hardness, as well as tribological testing at varying normal loads. DED produced compositions were of Ti64, Ti64 + 5 wt.% NbC (5NbC), and Ti64 + 10 wt.% NbC (10NbC). Electron micrographs revealed crack‐ and delamination‐free structures. Tribological analysis revealed a 25.1% reduction in specific wear rate. XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of a Ti‐Nb solid solution. It was deduced that the NbC particles coupled with the Ti‐Nb solid solution aided in increasing Ti64's resistance to plastic shear as the superficial microstructure remained unchanged compared to pure Ti64. Additionally, TGA displayed a reduction in total oxidation mass gain and suppressed oxidation kinetics to parabolic behavior with increased NbC. Application‐based composite structures with site‐specific mechanical properties were fabricated in the form of a composite cylinder, gear and compositionally graded cylinder. The graded cylinder displayed a 0%–45%NbC presence—end‐to‐end—equating to a hardness increase from 161.6 ± 4.0HV0.2 to 1055.9 ± 157.4HV0.2.
Demographic expansion and high level of matrilineal diversity in two populations of East African Baggara cattle
Authors: Kambal Sumaya , Abdelrahim Amina E. , Hanotte Olivier , Nakao Ryo , Alkhaibari Abeer M. , Salim Bashir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWestern Baggara cattle breed (WBCB) is an East African zebu inhabiting Sudan, well‐known as beef‐producing cattle. We investigated herein two phenotypically and geographically distinct populations of this breed, namely Nyalawi and Daeinawi, which are renowned for their unique meat production capabilities and adaptation attributes, with the aim to contribute to our understanding of their maternal genetic diversity and demography dynamics. Genetic polymorphism analysis of the full‐length D‐loop mtDNA region revealed 44 and 35 polymorphic sites defining 28 and 24 distinct haplotypes in the Nyalawi and the Daeinawi, respectively. Observed genetic diversity is high within the population with a low level of genetic differentiation between populations. Approximate Bayesian computation via the calculation of Bayesian skyline plots and neutrality tests support past expansion with a higher maternal effective population size (Ne) in Nyalawi compared with the Daeinawi population and a population expansion beginning around 4,500 YBP and 3,500 YBP, respectively, before the arrival of zebu into the continent.
Crypsis in the pelagic realm: evidence from exceptionally preserved fossil fish larvae from the Eocene Stolleklint Clay of Denmark
Authors: Heingård Miriam , Sjövall Peter , Sylvestersen René L. , Schultz Bo P. , Lindgren Johan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMarine deposits of earliest Eocene age in northern Jutland, Denmark, are renowned for yielding diverse teleost assemblages that have proved central for enhancing our understanding of the early evolution of many extant actinopterygian clades. In this study, we investigate diminutive larval fish fossils from the Stolleklint Clay, Ølst Formation, that retain multiple soft‐tissue features preserved as distinct dark‐coloured stains. To examine the elemental and molecular composition of these soft parts, we employed a combination of time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Our analyses revealed that the preserved structures contain chemically identifiable eumelanin intimately associated with densely aggregated microbodies that are morphologically consistent with melanosome organelles. Thus, we conclude that the carbonaceous structures represent traces of originally melanized body parts, including the eyes and peritoneum. Comparable pigmentation patterns are seen in many extant teleost larvae that use semi‐transparency as a means of camouflage in pelagic environments, to suggest a similar visual appearance of the Stolleklint Clay fish fossils. This in turn suggests that adaptations for concealment and UV‐protection had already evolved by the beginning of the Eocene, notably during a time interval characterized by an extreme greenhouse climate, when the global fish fauna become increasingly modern in composition.