bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Microbiome Disruption Used as a Method to Investigate Specific and General Plant-Bacterial Relationships in Three Agroecosystem Soils
Authors: DiLegge Michael J , Manter Daniel K. , Vivanco Jorge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soil microbiome disruption methods are regularly used to reduce populations of microbial pathogens, which often results in increase crop growth. However, little is known about the effect of soil microbiome disruption on non-pathogenic members within the soil microbiome. Here, we applied soil microbiome disruption, in the form of moist-heat sterilization (autoclaving) to reduce populations of naturally occurring soil microbiota. The disruption was applied to analyze bacterial community rearrangement mediated by four crops (corn, beet, lettuce, and tomato) grown in three historically distinct agroecosystem soils (conventional, organic, and diseased). Applying the soil disruption enhanced plant influence on bacterial colonization, and significantly different bacterial communities were detected between the tested crops. Furthermore, bacterial genera showed significant abundance increases both unique-to and shared-by each tested crop. As an example, corn uniquely promoted abundances of Pseudomonas and Sporocytophaga, regardless of the disrupted soil in which it was grown. Whereas the promotion of Bosea, Dyadobacter and Luteoliobacter was shared by all crops grown in all disrupted soils. In summary, soil disruption followed by crop introduction amplified plant-mediated selection of plant benefiting bacterial genera.
Exploring Health Workers’ Experiences of Mental Health Challenges During Care of Patients with COVID-19 in Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Muzyamba Choolwe , Makova Ogylive , Mushibi Geofrey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to qualitatively investigate the lived experiences of mental health among frontline health workers providing COVID-19-realted care in Uganda. This study will provide insights into the contextual realities of the mental health of health workers facing greater challenges given the weak healthcare systemResults All in all, our findings suggest that healthcare workers are under enormous stress during this pandemic, however, in order to effectively respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda, it is important to understand their challenges and sources of these challenges. The government thus has the reasonability to address most of the sources that were highlighted (long working hours, lack of proper equipment, lack of sleep, exhaustion, and experiencing high death rate under their care). Further, the Ugandan social fabric presents an opportunity for coping through its strong communal links and networks. Scaling these forms of local responses is cheap but contextually useful for a country with limited resources like Uganda.
Documenting Elimination of Co-Circulating Covid-19 Clusters Using Genomics in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Arnott Alicia , Draper Jenny , Rockett Rebecca J , Lam Connie , Sadsad Rosemarie , Gall Mailie , Martinez Elena , Byun Roy , Musto Jennie , Marais Ben , Chen Sharon C-A , Kok Jen , Dwyer Dominic E , Sintchenko Vitali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To adapt ‘fishplots’ to describe SARS-CoV-2 genomic cluster evolution. Results: This novel analysis adapted the fishplot to depict the size and duration of circulating genomic clusters over time in New South Wales, Australia. It illuminated the effectiveness of interventions on the emergence, spread and eventual elimination of clusters and distilled genomic data into clear information to inform public health action.
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia using an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach
Authors: Befikadu Alemayehu Temesgen , Tafa Berhanu Alemu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe study examines An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia using an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach from the period of 1980 through 2019 with specific focus on total population, Growth Domestic Product, population growth rate, and foreign direct investment, inflow. This study investigated to understand the effects of total population on economic growth, and to analyze the short run and long run relationship of economic growth with respect to population growth.ResultsFrom the results of the study, personal remittance is stationary at level, while total population, FDI net inflows, population growth rate, rate of inflation, and gross capital formation are stationary at first difference. From the finding of long run equilibrium relationships between RGDP, population number, FDI, personal remittance, population growth rate, rate of inflation and GCF is existed since the value of F-statics is greater than the upper boundary line. Finally, to increase the economic growth of Ethiopia; the government should adopt policies that can attract the foreign investors. The government also should put a standard to guarantee that the economy grows at a larger rate than the population growth.
Pressure Induced Changes in Grain Boundary Conditions of Lithium Conducting Ceramics Characterized by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ostrander John W. , Torres Carolyn , Vullum-Breuer Fride , Teeters Dale 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Solid state batteries, particularly for lithium ion based architecture have been the focus of development for over 20 years and are receiving even more attention today. Utilizing impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements we investigate the response of conductivity versus incremental pressure increase by a piston-cylinder-type high pressure cell up to 1 GPa for some lithium conducting ceramics: LATP (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3), LLTO (Li5La3Ta2O12), LLT (Li0.33La0.55TiO3), LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P3O12) and LLZO (Li7La3Zr2O12) for non-annealed and annealed samples.Isothermal, incremental pressure increase of powders allows for an in situ observation of the transition state conditions of poorly consolidated ceramic powders and the effects on grain boundary conditions prior to sintering. Specific conductance (σb) increased by several orders of magnitude in some samples, approaching 10-3 S∙cm-1, yet decreased in other samples. The affect of grain boundaries and affects of bulk capacitance as the sample dimensions are altered due to pressure, are attributed to some of this behavior and will be discussed. The understanding of some of these fundamental processes may be valuable in facilitating these and similar ceramics for use in commercial solid state battery systems.
Response of US Psychiatric Programs to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact on Trainees
Authors: Durns Tyler , Gethin-Jones Thomas , Monson Eric , O’Donohoe Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Medical training program and hospital response to the COVID-19 pandemic has varied greatly and has impacted trainee well-being. Which factors have specifically affected trainee wellness, however, has not yet been examined in depth. The aim of the study was to understand trainee perspectives on the individual psychiatry trainee programs’ hospitals’ objective COVID-19 preparedness management, and to gauge how program changes, and general pandemic-related concerns, have impacted trainee satisfaction and burnout.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of psychiatric trainees was distributed electronically throughout the country via various psychiatry residency program listservs in April 2020. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing simple linear regression.Results: From 352 respondents, the most frequent program changes were “decreased number of rotations requiring in-person patient care” and “increased call hours or duties.” Of pandemic-related concerns surveyed, the two greatest were “spreading COVID-19 to family/friends” and “co-residents’ burnout and anxiety.” A relationship was found between trainee satisfaction with perceived COVID-19 departmental response and comfort level of residents/fellows in expressing concerns with attending clinicians and department leadership.Conclusions: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, trainees have experienced a variety of changes to trainee program policies and guidelines. Overall, poor communication and trainee dissatisfaction with departmental response correlated with concern of infection and anxiety/burnout. Insights garnered from this study could provide scaffolding for the best practices to reduce trainee physician anxiety/burnout for the current and future pandemics of this variety and magnitude. Trial registration: Not applicable
Diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities of wild and cultivated ginseng
Authors: Fang Xiaoxue , Wang Huaying , Zhao Ling , Wang Manqi , Sun Mingzhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Different plant species, even different plant varieties, will promote different combinations of microbial communities related to them. Here, the objective was to explore the differences in the rhizosphere microbial communities in the wild ginseng, farmland cultivated ginseng and understory wild ginseng. The rhizosphere soil was obtained from three type of ginsengs, namely wild ginseng (WDG), farmland cultivated ginseng (CDG) and understory wild ginseng (LXG) (all ginsengs grown in the field). The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analyzed to investigate the diversity and structure of the microbial community.
Result
We found the fungal communities were more influenced bacterial communities. There were differences in the microbial community composition under three types of ginsengs. Moreover, higher bacterial diversity and lower fungal diversity in CDG compared with WDG. Changes in rhizosphere microbial community composition and diversity of WDG and CDG may be caused by domestication. Furthermore, the relative abundance of potential phytopathogens, Chloroflexi, Fusarium and Alternaria were higher in CDG compared to WDG and LXG. This may be related to the fact that cultivated ginseng has a short life cycle and is susceptible to disease.
Conclusion
We found differences in the rhizosphere microbial community of the three types of ginsengs, and the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms is significantly different. This result provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of ginseng planting and disease resistance.
Adipokine Human Resistin Promotes Obesity-associated Inflammatory Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Cascade Activation
Authors: Shin Jae Hee , Park SeongHyun , Cho Hansang , Kim Joo Han , Choi Hyuk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adipokine human Resistin (hResistin), is known to be associated with insulin resistance and secrete low-grade pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. Although studies on low-grade inflammation of adipokine hResistin are known, studies on the effects and mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) are still lacking. Thus, we investigated the adipokine hResistin with or without pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in intervertebral disc (IVD) cells such as human annulus fibrosus (hAF) and nucleus pulposus (hNP). The mean optical density changes in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hAF cells, was significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. Similarly, in the case of the mean optical density change of inflammatory mediators induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hNP cells was also significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. These results improve understanding of hResistin on inflammatory IVDD but also with other obesity-related inflammatory diseases.
Is Dynamic Total-body PET Imaging Feasible in the Clinical Daily Practice?
Authors: Chen Yumei , Li Lianghua , Yu Xiaofeng , Wang Jingyi , Wang Ying , Huang Gang , Liu Jianjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeDynamic PET (dPET) imaging of multi-temporal frames can quantitate tracer kinetics and has been mostly used in the research rather than clinical daily practice due to the long acquisition time. The total-body PET/CT scanner can generate fine time-activity curves (TACs) in dPET imaging and provide tempo-spatially synchronized pharmacokinetics in the entire human body. To investigate the feasibility in daily practice, the study aimed to explore the shortest acquisition time of dPET imaging. MethodsTen patients who underwent an 18F-FDG total-body dPET examination were retrospectively enrolled. Both the Patlak graphic analysis (Ki) and irreversible two tissues compartment model (i2TCM) analysis (K1, k2, k3) were used to calculate the kinetic parameters with different shortened acquisition durations. These kinetic parameters at various organs/tissues and lesions were compared with those obtained from the reference 60min acquisition. In addition, a hybrid approach combining the initial 20-min dPET data and the static PET scan at 55-60 min post-injection was proposed, and the kinetic parameters were calculated and compared with the references. ResultsPatlak Ki derived from the first 50-min dPET acquisition showed no significant difference in healthy organs/tissues compared with the reference (all p > 0.05), while the lesions can be visually distinguished even in the initial 20-min Ki images. In the i2TCM analysis, the kinetic parameters — K1, k2, k3 of 30-min dPET acquisition showed no significant difference for healthy organs/tissues and lesions compared to 60-min dPET acquisition (all p > 0.05). The kinetic parameters obtained from the proposed hybrid approach can provide reliable kinetic parameters as well as those obtained in the static PET imaging. Conclusions﻿The dPET total-body imaging can be shortened to 30 min to generate reliable kinetic parameters with i2TCM. Additionally, the hybrid approach provides both robust tracer metabolic information and the conventional standard uptake values (SUVs), demonstrating its feasibility in clinical practice.
Geographical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Case Series With COVID-19 Outbreaks Caused by Asymptomatic Carriers From June 2020 to January 2021 in China: A Narrative Research
Authors: Liu Cheng , Xiang Hongbing , Manyande Anne , Xu Weiguo , Fan Li , Xiang Boqi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the COVID-19 epidemic quickly under control in China within the early months of 2020, importing the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the country now poses great challenges in epidemic control and prevention. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the transmission of the virus and transmission on a large-scale poses enormous concern. We obtained data from new cluster outbreak regions with COVID-19 caused by asymptomatic carriers from June 2020 to January 2021, and reported the epidemiological characteristics, clinical data and the possible routes of viral transmission and infection. These results indicate the importance of regularly screening high-risk populations critical for epidemic control and provide the basis for suppressing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Hexapeptide induces M2 macrophage polarization via the JAK1/STAT6 pathway to promote angiogenesis in bone repair
Authors: Han Xinyun , Hu Junxian , Zhao Wenbo , Lu Hongwei , Dai Jingjin , He Qingyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for successful bone defect repair. In normal tissue repair, the physiological inflammatory response is the main regulator of angiogenesis through the activity of macrophages and the cytokines secreted by them. In particular, M2 macrophages which secrete high levels of PDGF-BB are typically considered to promote angiogenesis. A hexapeptide [WKYMVm, (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH2)] has been reported to modulate inflammatory activities. However, the underlying mechanisms by which WKYMVm regulates macrophages remain unclear. In this study, the possible involvement by which WKYMVm induces the polarization of macrophages and affects their behaviors was evaluated. In vitro results showed that macrophages were induced to an M2 rather than M1 phenotype and the M2 phenotype was enhanced by WKYMVm through activation of the JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathway. It was also found that WKYMVm played an important role in the PDGF-BB production increase and proangiogenic abilities in M2 macrophages. Consistent with the results in vitro, the elevated M2/M0 ratio induced by WKYMVm enhanced the formation of new blood vessels in a femoral defect mouse model. In summary, these findings suggest that WKYMVm could be a promising alternative strategy for angiogenesis in bone repair by inducing M2 macrophage polarization.
Prevalence of Migraine Headaches and their Impact on the Academic performance of Medical Campus Students at University of Khartoum using ID-Migraine test as a screening tool: A cross-sectional study from Sudan
Authors: Mohamedosman Moaid Mohamedosman Ali , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Migraine — an episodic headache —is one of the most common types of primary Headache. Migraine is considered a serious health problem that affects the quality of life. During university life, students often report increased levels of stress, depression, anxiety, and irregular sleep, all of which are associated with migraines.Our aim was to determine the prevalence of migraine headaches among medical campus students at university of Khartoum, Sudan. Based on available data, migraine is on the rise in both general populations as well as university students.Methods In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, study population was composed of students registered to faculty of medicine, Dentistry and pharmacy at Khartoum University in the academic years of 2020–2021. Out of these 318 of them accepted to participate. Participants who had two or more headaches in the last 3 months formed the headache group. Afterwards, two preliminary questions were applied to the headache group and participants with at least one affirmative response were asked to perform the validated ID-Migraine™ test.Results The mean age of 318 students participated in the study was 19.23 ± 1.84 (17–39 years), with adolescents: adult ratio being 2.5:1. 1613 students (43.7%) did have at least two headaches in the last three months. Migraine-type headache was detected in 266 subjects (7.2%) based on the ID-Migraine™ test. Of the migraine group, 72 were male (27.1%) and 194 were female (72.9%). There was no significant difference in migraine prevalence between adolescent and adult age groups.Conclusions With prevalence similar to adults, primary care physicians should be aware of the probability of migraine headaches in university students in order to maintain a successful school performance.
Intradermal Thumbtack Needle Alleviates Depressive Symptoms and Resets Executive Control System Function in Young Patients With Subthreshold Depression: A Study Protocol of a Randomized, Controlled, and Single-Blind Trial {1}
Authors: Huang Shenyi , Ning Baile , Yan Luda , Lin Jiating , Fu Wen , Wang Yibo , Zhou Jing , Wang Zengjian , Fu Wenbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Subthreshold depression is the prodromal stage of a depressive episode, which is characterized by depressive symptoms but fails to meet the diagnostic criteria for depression. At present, there is no recognized therapy for subthreshold depression worldwide. Studies have also shown that acupoint stimulation can significantly decrease depressive symptoms by modulating different executive control systems, such as reward circuits and motivational circuits. In this proposed study, our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of intradermal thumbtack needle therapy, a continuous and effective acupoint stimulation therapy, on subthreshold depression and generate hypotheses on the mechanism by which this therapy resets executive control system function in young patients with subthreshold depression.Method: In this randomized controlled trial, all eligible participants are diagnosed with subthreshold depression. Participants are randomly assigned to two groups at a ratio of 1:1 and receive either intradermal thumbtack needle or sham intradermal thumbtack needle therapy. The primary outcome is self-reported depression severity on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) from baseline to 6 weeks. The secondary outcomes include the Short Form Survey (SF-12) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) complementarity. Two psychological paradigms, the Attention Network Test (ANT) and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to evaluate the mechanism. These two psychological paradigms will explain the mechanism from the perspective of executive control in psychology, and fMRI will reflect the change in functional reset of the executive control system from an imaging point of view. The results are obtained at the start of treatment andthe end of treatment. The entire duration of the study will be approximately 12 months. Discussion: This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of intradermal thumbtack needle on StD patients. Additionally, mechanisms by which this therapy resets executive control system function will be studied Trial registration: NCT04319562. [ClinicalTrials.gov] [registered before start of inclusion; 24 March 2020] {2a and 2b}
Ensuring the confidentiality of information about a person involved in criminal proceedings: selected issues and solutions
Authors: Talyzina Ya. O. , Titko I. A. 
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the problem of practical implementation of such a security measure that can be applied to participants in criminal proceedings, such as ensuring the confidentiality of personal information. It is analyzed the views diversity of investigators, prosecutors, judges and lawyers on the algorithm of application of ensuring the personal data confidentiality, on the issue of storage of resolutions (decisions) on the application of this security measure in criminal proceedings.
The practice of conducting procedural actions in court with persons whose personal data have been changed is studied separately. The peculiarities of interrogation, identification with protected participants of criminal proceedings in the mode of videoconference and in a closed court session are studied. Previous attempts to solve this problem by developing a Model Instruction on conducting court proceedings with witnesses, victims and other participants in criminal proceedings, in respect of whom security measures have been taken, are considered.
According to the analysis results of the domestic legislation on security of participants in criminal proceedings and identification of gaps, after conducting a survey of current investigators, prosecutors, judges and lawyers, the generalization of modern practice of criminal proceedings with the participation of protected persons is made.
The purpose of this research is to formulate proposals for a unified and mandatory for all participants in criminal proceedings procedure for working with persons whose personal data are changed for security purposes at all stages of criminal proceedings.
The expediency of enshrining at the bylaw level in a separate normative legal act an algorithm for carrying out procedural actions in court with participants in criminal proceedings, which would meet the requirements of current legislation, including the provisions of the Data Summary constituting a state secret, is substantiated.