bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusive hydrodynamics of inhomogenous Hamiltonians
Authors: Durnin Joseph , De Luca Andrea , De Nardis Jacopo , Doyon Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We derive a large-scale hydrodynamic equation, including diffusive and dissipative effects, for systems with generic static position-dependent driving forces coupling to local conserved quantities. We show that this equation predicts entropy increase and thermal states as the only stationary states. The equation applies to any hydrodynamic system with any number of local, parity and time-symmetric conserved quantities, in arbitrary dimension. It is fully expressed in terms of elements of an extended Onsager matrix. In integrable systems, this matrix admits an expansion in the density of excitations. We evaluate exactly its two-particle–hole contribution, which dominates at low density, in terms of the scattering phase and dispersion of the quasiparticles, giving a lower bound for the extended Onsager matrix and entropy production. We conclude with a molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrating thermalisation over diffusive time scales in the Toda interacting particle model with an inhomogeneous energy field.
Additional quantum numbers for two-electron states in solids. Application to topological superconductor UPt3
Authors: Yarzhemsky V G , Teplyakov E A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Topological superconductors, which are assumed to be a key ingredient for topological quantum computing, reveal unconventional structures of their superconducting order parameter (SOP), which is usually represented by model functions. However, the central problem of the theory of topological superconductivity is to describe the observed topological structures of SOP in terms of quantum mechanics and group theory. In present work making use of the Anderson ansatz for a Cooper pair and induced representation method a complete group theoretical classification of chiral states in D
6h
symmetry (point symmetry group of topological superconductor UPt3) is performed. In this technique topological invariant phase winding is defined by the complex irreducible representation (IR) of symmetry group D
6h
, whose structure strongly depends on additional quantum numbers, which are the labels of IRs of Cooper pair’s rotational symmetry group C
6h
. The technique is extended on the description of time reversal symmetry of the state in terms of Shubikov groups, and B phase of UPt3 with horizontal nodal plane only was connected with corepresentation

Δ

+

E

′

2
u

of magnetic group 6/mm′m′. The structure of A phase with vertical nodes 45° to a axis is a combinations of two complex conjugate E
2u
states. Twofold spontaneous symmetry breaking in C phase is connected with the E
1u
SOP.
Thrombus in transit through a patent foramen ovale: catch it if you can—a case report
Authors: Pires Maria Inês Fiuza Branco , Almeida Inês , Santos João Miguel , Correia Miguel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, but the finding of a thrombus in transit (TIT) through a PFO is extremely rare. It is a therapeutic challenge, and systemic anticoagulation, cardiac surgery, or fibrinolysis should be considered.

Case summary
A 43-year-old woman was admitted with intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large right atrial mobile mass that crossed the interatrial septum through a PFO, compatible with TIT, and the patient was started on unfractionated heparin. The diagnosis was confirmed by transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE). However, during TOE probe removal, the patient developed dyspnoea, sudoresis, and peripheral desaturation, and new image acquisition revealed sudden mass disappearance. Due to the possibility of paradoxical embolization associated with Valsalva manoeuvre, fibrinolysis with alteplase was promptly started. The patient had no signs of embolic or haemorrhagic complications and remained clinically stable. She was discharged on warfarin and then underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure of PFO.

Discussion
The treatment strategy of a TIT through a PFO is controversial, but surgery might be the most appropriate treatment for haemodynamically stable patients, while thrombolysis should be used in cases of haemodynamic instability. Transoesophageal echocardiogram is generally a safe procedure but pressure changes associated with Valsalva manoeuvre may induce embolization of a TIT and attention should be given to patient sedation and tolerance. After complete embolization of a TIT, emergent thrombolysis may be the only treatment option, in order to prevent disastrous consequences related to paradoxical embolism.
Same-day discharge after transcatheter mitral valve repair using MitraClip in a tertiary community hospital: a case series
Authors: Chowdhury Medhat , Buttar Rupinder , Rai Devesh , Tahir Muhammad Waqas , Tan Bryan E-Xin , Thakkar Samarthkumar , Ali Hammad , Patel Harsh P , Bhatt Deepak L , Depta Jeremiah P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a realization for innovation in procedures and protocols to minimize hospital stay and at the same time ensure continued evidence-based treatment delivered to the patients. We present a same-day discharge protocol for transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) using MitraClip under general anaesthesia in a six-patient case series. This protocol aims to reduce the length of hospital stay, thereby minimizing potential for nosocomial COVID-19 infections and to promote safe discharge with cautious follow-up.Case summarySix patients with severe symptomatic mitral valve (MV) regurgitation underwent successful transfemoral MV repair using standard procedures. Following repair, patients were monitored on telemetry in the recovery area for 3 h, ambulated to assess vascular access stability and underwent post-procedural transthoracic echocardiogram to assess for any pericardial effusion or post-procedural prosthetic mitral stenosis.ConclusionSame-day discharge after TMVR is possible when done cautiously with close follow-up, can minimize hospital stay, improve resource utilization, and reduce risk of nosocomial COVID-19 infection.
Multiple categories of non-cardiac QT-prolonging drugs are associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: real-world data from a population-based study
Authors: Eroglu Talip E , Blom Marieke T , Souverein Patrick C , de Boer Anthonius , Tan Hanno L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Drugs causing QT-prolongation as off-target effect [non-cardiac QT-prolonging drugs (QT-drugs)] increase the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Such drugs are categorized in multiple clinically widely used CredibleMeds.org lists. Category 1 (‘known risk of Torsade de Pointes’) and category 2 (‘possible risk of Torsade de Pointes’) are of particular clinical relevance. However, a category-stratified analysis of OHCA-risk is presently unavailable.

Methods and results
We conducted a case–control study with OHCA-cases from presumed cardiac causes included from the ARREST registry in the Netherlands (2009–2018) that was specifically designed to study OHCA, and age/sex/OHCA-date matched non-OHCA-controls. Adjusted odds ratios for OHCA (ORadj) of QT-drugs from categories 1 or 2 were calculated, using conditional logistic regression. Stratified analysis was performed according to sex, age, and presence of cardiovascular drugs (proxy for cardiovascular disease). We included 5473 OHCA-cases (68.8 years, 69.9% men) and matched them to 20 866 non-OHCA-controls. Compared with no use of non-cardiac QT-drugs, drugs of both categories were associated with increased OHCA-risk, but seemingly weaker for category 2 {category 1: case 3.2%, control 1.4%, ORadj 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.1]}; [category 2: case 7.3%, control 4.0%, ORadj 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2–1.6)]. The increased risk occurred in men and women, at all ages (highest in patients aged ≤50 years), and both in the presence or absence of cardiovascular drug use.

Conclusion
Both category 1 and category 2 QT-drugs are associated with increased OHCA-risk in both sexes, at all ages, and in patients taking or not taking cardiovascular drugs.
Bend or break: how biochemically versatile molecules enable metabolic division of labor in clonal microbial communities
Authors: Varahan Sriram , Laxman Sunil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In fluctuating nutrient environments, isogenic microbial cells transition into “multicellular” communities composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cells, showing functional specialization. In fungi (such as budding yeast), phenotypic heterogeneity is often described in the context of cells switching between different morphotypes (e.g., yeast to hyphae/pseudohyphae or white/opaque transitions in Candida albicans). However, more fundamental forms of metabolic heterogeneity are seen in clonal Saccharomyces cerevisiae communities growing in nutrient-limited conditions. Cells within such communities exhibit contrasting, specialized metabolic states, and are arranged in distinct, spatially organized groups. In this study, we explain how such an organization can stem from self-organizing biochemical reactions that depend on special metabolites. These metabolites exhibit plasticity in function, wherein the same metabolites are metabolized and utilized for distinct purposes by different cells. This in turn allows cell groups to function as specialized, interdependent cross-feeding systems which support distinct metabolic processes. Exemplifying a system where cells exhibit either gluconeogenic or glycolytic states, we highlight how available metabolites can drive favored biochemical pathways to produce new, limiting resources. These new resources can themselves be consumed or utilized distinctly by cells in different metabolic states. This thereby enables cell groups to sustain contrasting, even apparently impossible metabolic states with stable transcriptional and metabolic signatures for a given environment, and divide labor in order to increase community fitness or survival. We speculate on possible evolutionary implications of such metabolic specialization and division of labor in isogenic microbial communities.
Multiple Reasons for Perceived Everyday Discrimination and All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Older Black Adults
Authors: Cobb Ryon J , Sheehan Connor M , Louie Patricia , Erving Christy L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
This study assessed whether reporting multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality risk among older Black adults.

Methods
This study utilized data from a subsample of older Black adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative panel study of older adults in the United States. Our measure of multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination was based on self-reports from the 2006/2008 HRS waves. Respondents’ vital status was obtained from the National Death Index and reports from key household informants (spanning 2006–2019). Cox proportional hazard models, which accounted for covariates linked to mortality, were used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality.

Results
During the observation period, 563 deaths occurred. Twenty percent of Black adults attributed perceived everyday discrimination to 3 or more sources. In demographic adjusted models, attributing perceived everyday discrimination to 3 or more sources was a statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.87). The association remained significant (hazard ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval = 1.15–1.93) after further adjustments for health, behavioral, and economic characteristics.

Conclusions
Examining how multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination relate to all-cause mortality risk has considerable utility in clarifying the unique contributions of perceived discrimination to mortality risk among older Black adults. Our findings suggest that multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination are a particularly salient risk factor for mortality among older Black adults.
Dietary zinc concentration and lipopolysaccharide injection affect circulating trace minerals, acute phase protein response, and behavior as evaluated by an ear-tag–based accelerometer in beef steers
Authors: VanValin Katherine R , Carmichael-Wyatt Remy N , Deters Erin L , Messersmith Elizabeth M , Heiderscheit Katie J , Hochmuth Katherine G , Jackson Trey D , Peschel Joshua M , Johnson Anna K , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo assess plasma trace mineral (TM) concentrations, the acute phase protein response, and behavior in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, 96 Angus cross steers (average initial body weight [BW]: 285 ± 14.4 kg) were sorted into two groups by BW (heavy and light; n = 48/group), fitted with an ear-tag–based accelerometer (CowManager SensOor; Agis, Harmelen, Netherlands), and stagger started 14 d apart. Consecutive day BW was recorded to start the 24-d trial (days −1 and 0). Dietary treatments began on day 0: common diet with either 30 (Zn30) or 100 (Zn100) mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZnSO4). On day 17, steers received one of the following injection treatments intravenously to complete the 2 × 3 factorial: 1) SALINE (~2–3 mL of physiological saline), 2) LOWLPS: 0.25 µg LPS/kg BW, or 3) HIGHLPS: 0.375 µg LPS/kg BW. Blood, rectal temperature (RT), and BW were recorded on day 16 (−24 h relative to injection), and BW was used to assign injection treatment. Approximately 6, 24 (day 18), and 48 (day 19) h after treatment, BW, RT, and blood were collected, and final BW recorded on day 24. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, injection, diet × injection; for BW, RT, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma TM, and haptoglobin-repeated measures analysis were used to evaluate effects over time. Area under the curve analysis determined by GraphPad Prism was used for analysis of accelerometer data. Body weight was unaffected by diet or injection (P ≥ 0.16), but there was an injection × time effect for DMI and RT (P &lt; 0.05), where DMI decreased in both LPS treatments on day 16, but recovered by day 17, and RT was increased in LPS treatments 6 h post-injection. Steers receiving LPS spent less time highly active and eating than SALINE (P &lt; 0.01). Steers in HIGHLPS spent lesser time ruminating, followed by LOWLPS and then SALINE (P &lt; 0.001). An injection × time effect (P &lt; 0.001) for plasma Zn showed decreased concentrations within 6 h of injection and remained decreased through 24 h before recovering by 48 h. A tendency for a diet × time effect (P = 0.06) on plasma Zn suggests plasma Zn repletion occurred at a greater rate in Zn100 compared to Zn30. These results suggest that increased supplemental Zn may alter the rate of recovery of Zn status from an acute inflammatory event. Additionally, ear-tag–based accelerometers used in this study were effective at detecting sickness behavior in feedlot steers, and rumination may be more sensitive than other variables.
Leaping and differential habitat use in sympatric tamarins in Amazonian Peru
Authors: Berles Patricia , Heymann Eckhard W , Golcher Felix , Nyakatura John A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferential habitat use in sympatric species can provide insight into how behavior relates to morphological differences and as a general model for the study of biological adaptations to different functional demands. In Amazonia, closely related sympatric tamarins of the genera Saguinus and Leontocebus regularly form stable mixed-species groups, but exhibit differences in foraging height and locomotor activity. To test the hypothesis that two closely related species in a mixed-species group prefer different modes of leaping regardless of the substrates available, we quantified leaping behavior in a mixed-species group of Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We studied leaping behavior in relation to support substrate type and foraging height in the field for 5 months in the Amazonian forest of north-eastern Peru. Saguinus mystax spent significantly more time above 15 m (79%) and used predominantly horizontal and narrow supports for leaping. Leontocebus nigrifrons was predominantly active below 10 m (87%) and exhibited relatively more trunk-to-trunk leaping. Both species preferred their predominant leaping modes regardless of support type availability in the different forest layers. This indicates that the supports most commonly available in each forest layer do not determine the tamarins’ leaping behavior. This apparent behavioral adaptation provides a baseline for further investigation into how behavioral differences are reflected in the morphology and species-specific biomechanics of leaping behavior and establishes callitrichid primates as a model well-suited to the general study of biological adaptation.
Neutrino absorption and other physics dependencies in neutrino-cooled black hole accretion discs
Authors: Just O , Goriely S , Janka H-Th , Nagataki S , Bauswein A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Black hole (BH) accretion discs formed in compact-object mergers or collapsars may be major sites of the rapid-neutron-capture (r-)process, but the conditions determining the electron fraction (Ye) remain uncertain given the complexity of neutrino transfer and angular-momentum transport. After discussing relevant weak-interaction regimes, we study the role of neutrino absorption for shaping Ye using an extensive set of simulations performed with two-moment neutrino transport and again without neutrino absorption. We vary the torus mass, BH mass and spin, and examine the impact of rest-mass and weak-magnetism corrections in the neutrino rates. We also test the dependence on the angular-momentum transport treatment by comparing axisymmetric models using the standard α-viscosity with viscous models assuming constant viscous length-scales (lt) and 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Finally, we discuss the nucleosynthesis yields and basic kilonova properties. We find that absorption pushes Ye towards ∼0.5 outside the torus, while inside increasing the equilibrium value $Y_\mathrm{ e}^{\mathrm{eq}}$ by ∼0.05–0.2. Correspondingly, a substantial ejecta fraction is pushed above Ye = 0.25, leading to a reduced lanthanide fraction and a brighter, earlier, and bluer kilonova than without absorption. More compact tori with higher neutrino optical depth, τ, tend to have lower $Y_\mathrm{ e}^{\mathrm{eq}}$ up to τ ∼ 1–10, above which absorption becomes strong enough to reverse this trend. Disc ejecta are less (more) neutron rich when employing an lt = const. viscosity (MHD treatment). The solar-like abundance pattern found for our MHD model marginally supports collapsar discs as major r-process sites, although a strong r-process may be limited to phases of high mass-infall rates, $\dot{M}\, \, \raise0.14em\rm{\gt }\lower0.28em\rm{\sim }\, \, 2\times 10^{-2}$ M⊙ s−1.
Results of a phase I trial to assess the safety of macitentan in combination with temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Weathers Shiao-Pei , Rood-Breithaupt Julie , de Groot John , Thomas Gail , Manfrini Marianna , Penas-Prado Marta , Puduvalli Vinay K , Zwingelstein Christian , Yung W K Alfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an urgent need for additional therapies to treat recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Preclinical studies suggest that high dose macitentan, an oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide (TMZ) in GBM, improving survival. This phase I trial investigated the maximum tolerated dose of macitentan combined with TMZ in patients with recurrent GBM and assessed the safety and tolerability of high dose macitentan in these patients (NCT01499251).MethodsAdults with recurrent GBM received ascending doses of macitentan from 30 mg once daily concomitantly with TMZ. Safety and tolerability were assessed in addition to exploratory efficacy and pharmacokinetic endpoints. An ancillary study examined biomarker expression following macitentan treatment prior to surgical resection of recurrent GBM.ResultsThirty-eight patients with recurrent GBM were administered macitentan doses up to 300 mg once daily; no dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and a maximum tolerated dose was not determined. All patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), the majority associated with GBM or TMZ treatment. TEAEs related to macitentan and TMZ were reported for 16 (42.1%) and 26 (68.4%) patients, respectively, with no serious macitentan-related TEAEs. Macitentan concentrations increased with dose, with no plateau in exposure. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the expression of efficacy biomarkers within tumors. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median overall survival across all dose groups was 9.4 (95% CI 8.5, 13.4) months.ConclusionHigh-dose macitentan was well tolerated in recurrent GBM patients concomitantly receiving TMZ. TEAEs were consistent with those seen in patients receiving either drug individually.