bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 and predictors of polymerase chain reaction positivity
Authors: Arslan Gazi , Aktürk Hüseyin , Duman Murat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo identify the clinical findings and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and factors predicting reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) positivity.MethodsThe data were analyzed retrospectively for suspected and confirmed pediatric COVID‐19 patients between March 20 and May 31, 2020.ResultsThere were 404 children, of them, 176 (43.6%) patients were confirmed to have COVID‐19, and 228 (56.4%) were considered suspected cases. Confirmed cases were less symptomatic on admission (67.6%‐95.6%). Cough (44.9%), fever (38.1%), sore throat (18.5%), and smell‐taste loss (12.7%) were the most common symptoms. Confirmed cases had a 92.6% identified history of contact with COVID‐19. Close contact with COVID‐19 positive family members and sore throat increased the RT‐PCR positivity 23.8 and 5.0 times, respectively; while positivity decreased by 0.4 times if fever was over 38 °C. Asymptomatic and mild cases were categorized as “group 1” (n = 153); moderate, severe, and critical cases as “group 2” (n = 23) in terms of disease severity. Group 2 cases had higher C‐reactive protein (40.9%–15.9%) and procalcitonin (22.7%–4.9%) levels and had more frequent lymphopenia (45.5%–13.1%). Out of 23 cases, 19 had abnormal chest radiograph findings; of them, 15 patients underwent chest computed tomographies (CTs), and all had abnormal findings. However, 26.0% of them needed respiratory support, and no patient required invasive ventilation.ConclusionsChildren with COVID‐19 have a milder clinical course and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) rarely causes severe disease in children. Contact history with COVID‐19 and sore throat are the most important predictors for RT‐PCR positivity. Consequently, the role of asymptomatic children in the contamination chain must be fully established and considered for the control of pandemic.
Outflow vein venoplasty of left lateral section graft for living donor liver transplantation in infant recipients
Authors: Namgoong Jung‐Man , Hwang Shin , Park Gil‐Chun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Kim Kyoung‐Mo , Oh Seok‐Hee , Kwon Hyunhee , Jae Kwon Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe orifice size of the LHV trunk in LLS grafts is often too small for direct anastomosis. Several methods were developed to enlarge the graft and recipient hepatic vein orifices. This study described our surgical techniques to secure hepatic vein reconstruction in infant recipients and analyzed the patency outcomes. Twelve infants undergoing pediatric LDLT were selected during 2‐year study period between January 2018 and December 2019. Surgical techniques and vascular complications of graft hepatic vein outflow were analyzed. The mean recipient age was 12.5 ± 4.5 months; mean body weight was 9.4 ± 1.0 Kg; and mean graft‐recipient weight ratio was 2.8 ± 0.6%. Primary diseases were biliary atresia in six patients, metabolic diseases in two, hepatoblastoma in two, and acute liver failure in two. Eight LLS grafts were recovered through an open method, and four LLS grafts were recovered through a laparoscopic method. A small superficial LHV branch was present in five of 12 LLS grafts, which was opened to widen the graft hepatic vein orifice. Incision‐and‐patch venoplasty was performed in 10, unification venoplasty in 1 and no venoplasty in 1. All four LLS grafts recovered through a laparoscopic approach required circumferential vein patch because of very short hepatic vein stump. No patient experienced graft hepatic vein‐associated vascular complications during the follow‐up period of 19.3 ± 9.3 months. Our surgical techniques with incision‐and‐patch venoplasty for LLS grafts is beneficial to reduce the risk of hepatic vein outflow obstruction in recipients receiving LLS grafts.
An in vivo study to evaluate the influence of oil blotting paper on the efficacy of sunscreen
Authors: Sampattavanich Nattaporn , Chandayani Nudcha , Intarasupht Julphat , Nakakes Artit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major cause of photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. An appropriate application of sunscreen can effectively protect UV damage but cause unpleasant skin oiliness. Oil blotting paper is commonly used to reduce oiliness in some parts of the world although its influence on the efficacy of sunscreen has not been carefully investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of sunscreen after applying oil blotting paper.Materials and methodsMeasurement of oiliness and sunscreen efficacy was compared before and after the use of oil blotting paper in 11 healthy volunteers, 10 females, and 1 male. Specifically, 3 zones on each subject's back were exposed to UVR from a solar simulator, that is, 1) no sunscreen, 2) sunscreen (organic sunscreen at 2 mg/cm2 SPF 30) left on for 30 minutes, and 3) sunscreen left on for 30 minutes followed by application of oil blotting paper. Skin oiliness was also compared before and after oil blotting using a sebumeter. All areas were phototested for the comparison of the minimal erythema dose (MED) and sun protection factor (SPF).ResultsThe averaged MED of our subjects is 4.3 standard erythema doses (SED) in the unprotected area. The averaged MED was decreased after oil blotting from 89.8 SED to 59.8 SED. The SPF was also decreased from 20.70 to 13.99.ConclusionsApplication of oil blotting paper significantly reduces the efficacy of organic sunscreen.
The fragmentation of phenomenal character
Authors: Mehta Neil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that debates over “phenomenal character” have suffered from fragmentation: philosophers who use the term have had in mind at least three (and probably more) radically different kinds of properties. This has occurred because the expression “what it’s like” exhibits a particularly deep form of context‐sensitivity, and when this expression has been used to define phenomenal character, at least three very different contexts have been operating in the background. I then identify four important applications of this idea. First, there is a serious error in an important argument for skepticism about the hard problems of consciousness. Second, contrary to a common line of thought, Nagel’s “what it’s like” characterization of consciousness is not trivial, and is in fact very plausible. Third, an influential naïve realist argument against representationalism rests on a misunderstanding. Finally, and most excitingly, it is possible and indeed very attractive – for representationalists and naïve realists alike – to hold that a veridical perception and a matching hallucination are exactly the same with respect to one kind of phenomenal character, while being radically different with respect to another kind of phenomenal character.
Effect of uniconazole and nitrogen level on lodging resistance and yield potential of maize under medium and high plant density
Authors: Ahmad I. , Ahmad S. , Yang X.N. , Meng X.P. , Yang B.P. , Liu T. , Han Q. F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Lodging in maize results in grain yield reduction. This experiment investigated the effects of different application rates of the growth retardant, uniconazole (UCZ), and nitrogen (N) on medium and high maize population densities on lodging resistance and yield.

UCZ was applied to maize seeds at concentrations of 0 (U0) and 25 (U25) mg kg−1, and three different N application rates, 0 (N0), 150 (N150) and 225 (N225) kg ha−1, at plant densities of 75,000 (D1) and 105,000 plants ha−1 (D2).

UCZ application, different N rates and plant population density affected the lodging resistance and yield attributes of maize. The diameter, plumpness, cortex penetration and bending strengths of the internodes were enhanced with UCZ and N application at medium and high plant density, where maximum values were obtained with U25N150D1. Internode length increased in the high‐density population and higher N rate, whereas UCZ reduced internode length, where maximum internode length was obtained with U0N225D2. Plant height, centre of gravity height, ear and height above ear‐bearing node were higher with the high N rate, while UCZ reduced it significantly. UCZ, N rate and plant density enhanced lignin accumulation in the third internode and ear‐bearing internode, where maximum values were obtained with U25N150D1. Yield and yield attributes were also improved by UCZ, N rate and population density.

Treatment with U25N150D2 significantly improved grain yield of maize compared with the other treatments.
A retrospective study of factors associated with persistent delirium
Authors: Goto Harue , Yamauchi Takahira , Okumura Kazuki , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Toritsuka Michihiro , Yasuno Fumihiko , Uemura Hideki , Kuki Kazutaka , Makinodan Manabu , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIt has been reported that delirium causes various problems. Many researchers have reported the risk factors associated with the onset of delirium; however, there are few reports focused on persistent delirium. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with persistent delirium.MethodsA total of 573 patients hospitalised in Nara Prefecture General Medical Centre from October 2014 through September 2017 who were referred to the psychiatry consultation service were included in this study. Persistent delirium was defined as delirium lasting for 14 days or more. A retrospective study was carried out based on the patients' records. The relationship between various background factors and persistent delirium was statistically analysed.ResultsOf the 573 hospitalised patients, 295 were diagnosed as having delirium. Forty‐six patients with persistent delirium and 181 patients with nonpersistent delirium were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, opioid analgesics use, non‐opioid analgesics use, and low serum sodium were significantly and independently associated with persistent delirium. Ramelteon or trazodone was used significantly more in persistent delirium, although each use was not significant.ConclusionThis is the first study to reveal that male gender and use of analgesics were associated with persistent delirium in general hospital. However, as this is a case–control study and may contain bias, future cohort studies and intervention studies are needed. It is also necessary to investigate the relevance of the ‘degree of pain’ behind the use of analgesics.
The respiratory occlusion discrimination task: A new paradigm to measure respiratory interoceptive accuracy
Authors: Van Den Houte Maaike , Vlemincx Elke , Franssen Mathijs , Van Diest Ilse , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Luminet Olivier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInteroception, or the sense of the internal state of the body, is hypothesized to be essential for a wide range of psychobiological processes and the development and perpetuation of several (mental) health problems. However, the study of interoceptive accuracy, the objectively measured capacity to detect or discriminate conscious bodily signals, has been hampered by the use of tasks with questionable construct validity and is often limited to studying interoception solely in the cardiac domain. We developed a novel task to measure interoceptive accuracy in the respiratory domain, the respiratory occlusion discrimination (ROD) task. In this task, interoceptive accuracy is defined as an individual’s ability to detect small differences in lengths of short respiratory occlusions, assessed by means of an adaptive staircase procedure. This article describes a validation study (N = 97) aimed at investigating the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and discriminant validity of the ROD task. The average just noticeable difference of lengths of respiratory occlusion was 74.22 ms, with large inter‐individual variability (SD = 37.1 ms). The results of the validation study indicate acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70), 1‐week test‐retest reliability (r = 0.53), and discriminant validity, as indicated by a lack of correlation between the ROD task and an auditory discrimination task with identical design (r = 0.18), and a weak correlation with breathing behavior (r = −0.27). The ROD task is a promising novel paradigm to study interoceptive accuracy and its role in various psychobiological processes and disorders.
Comparative Studies in Public Administration: Intellectual Challenges and Alternative Perspectives
Authors: Haque M. Shamsul , van der Wal Zeger , van den Berg Caspar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the current age of globalization, there is a greater need for comparative studies in public administration to explore cross‐national variations in adopting new global models. Many of the major challenges impeding the intellectual promises of earlier waves of comparative administration continue to affect the contemporary state of the field. As a part of the PAR Symposium on Comparative Public Administration, this short article explores the ideational, epistemological, structural, and institutional challenges to comparative administration and briefly suggests some remedial alternatives.
Evaluation of candidate genes related to litter traits in Indian pig breeds
Authors: Vashi Yoya , Magotra Ankit , Kalita Dipjyoti , Banik Santanu , Sahoo Nihar R. , Gupta Sanjay K. , Naskar Soumen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImprovement in litter traits is the key to profitable pig farming that directly enhances the economic standing of the farmers in developing countries. The present study aimed to explore oestrogen receptor (ESR), epidermal growth factor (EGF), follicle‐stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHβ), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes as possible candidate genetic markers for litter traits in indigenous pigs of India. The breeds included in the study were Ghungroo, Mali, Niang Megha and Tenyi Vo, and the reproductive traits considered were litter size at birth (LSB), number born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), litter size at weaning (LSW) and litter weight at weaning (LWW) at their first parity. PCR‐RFLP and primer‐based mutation detection methods were used to identify polymorphism, and associations between the genotypes and the traits were analysed using a general linear model. The Ghungroo pigs recorded the best litter performances among the breeds (p < .05, LWBp < .01). Different alleles and genotypes of the genes under study were detected. Short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) −/− genotype ofFSHβrevealed significantly higher litter traits (p < .05, LSBp < .01). The LWW was also found to be significantly influenced byESRBB and AB,EGFAB and BB, andPRLRCC genotypes (p < .05). Although we did not find statistically significant and consistently superior litter traits with respect to different genotypes of other studied genes than genotype SINE −/− of theFSHβ,PRLRCC genotype demonstrated superior performances for all the litter traits. Our study revealed theFSHβas a potential candidate genetic marker for litter traits in indigenous pig breeds of India.
Organized denial at work: The difficult search for consistencies in French pesticide regulation
Authors: Dedieu François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhy does it always take a long time to acknowledge environmental hazards such as climate change or air pollution, even when knowledge on their dangers has been available for years? Drawing on the case of French pesticide regulation, this article shows that this gap between knowledge and consequent action results not only from secretive corporate leverage on public decisions and expertise but also from the expertise and bureaucratic machinery behind pesticide regulation. This machinery fosters an organized denial where regulators systematically exclude uncomfortable knowledge that could challenge official risk assessment. Organized denial that legally maintains ignorance fulfills an implicit function. It preserves the legitimacy of the risk management system and, through it, the administrative and commercial organization of agricultural production in France.
The linearized classical Boussinesq system on the half‐line
Authors: Johnston C. M. , Gartman Clarence T. , Mantzavinos Dionyssios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe linearization of the classical Boussinesq system is solved explicitly in the case of nonzero boundary conditions on the half‐line. The analysis relies on the unified transform method of Fokas and is performed in two different frameworks: (i) by exploiting the recently introduced extension of Fokas's method to systems of equations and (ii) by expressing the linearized classical Boussinesq system as a single, higher order equation, which is then solved via the usual version of the unified transform. The resulting formula provides a novel representation for the solution of the linearized classical Boussinesq system on the half‐line. Moreover, thanks to the uniform convergence at the boundary, the novel formula is shown to satisfy the linearized classical Boussinesq system as well as the prescribed initial and boundary data via a direct calculation.
Convergence rates of vanishing diffusion limit on conservative form of Hsieh's equation
Authors: Fan Long , Toureche Trouba Nafissa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the global unique solvability on Sobolev solution perturbated around diffusion waves to the Cauchy problem of conservative form of Hsieh's equations. Furthermore, convergence rates are also obtained as one of the diffusion parameters goes to zero. The difficulty is created due to conservative nonlinearity to enclose the uniform (in diffusion parameter) higher order energy estimates. However this kind of difficulty will not occur for both the nonconservative nonlinearity and fixed diffusion parameter. The more subtle mathematical analysis needs to be introduced to overcome the difficulties.
Development and validation of the good and evil character traits (GECT) scale
Authors: Jiao Liying , Yang Ying , Guo Zhen , Xu Yan , Zhang Heyun , Jiang Jiang 
Published: January 2021

The present study describes the development and validation of the good and evil character traits (GECT) scale. A set of 3,614 good and evil moral character descriptors (i.e., moral and immoral character traits) was selected from a dictionary of contemporary Chinese language and daily life expressions and ultimately condensed into 55 items. Then, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis (PA) were conducted to explore the structure and final items of the GECT with sample 1 (n = 350), resulting in 21 good items and 32 evil items. After that, in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with sample 2 (n = 350), the resulting factor structure was confirmed for the 53‐item scale (Study 1). Additionally, evidence of validity based on correlations with Honesty‐Humility and Dirty Dozen was demonstrated (Study 2). The implications of our findings for the assessment of good and evil characters and further theoretical exploration are discussed.
Time‐series analyses of firearm‐related Google searches and U.S. suicide rates 2004–2016
Authors: Capron Daniel W. , Andel Rita , Voracek Martin , Till Benedikt , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Bauer Brian W. , Anestis Michael D. , Tran Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe U.S. suicide rate has increased 35% since 1999. The role of the Internet has not been thoroughly investigated despite Internet use more than doubling from 1999 to present. The majority of U.S. suicide deaths are by firearm; however, there is no examination of the association between trends in firearm Internet searches and overall and firearm monthly suicide rates. We hypothesized that search strings related to firearm suicide would be significantly associated with monthly suicide rates (both all methods and firearm).MethodsGoogle Trends provides data on request frequencies of searches. Twenty‐four search strings were examined representing possible searches by individuals considering firearm suicide and compared to U.S. suicide rates with time‐series modeling.ResultsIn the time series with higher search volumes, consistent associations were found of negative cross‐correlation at lag +1.ConclusionsSeveral searches appeared at least sensitive enough to consistently show associations with overall and firearm suicide rates in the following month. This novel finding should be followed up as the potential exists to predict suicide trends.
Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study
Authors: Gálvez‐Fernández Patricia , Herrador‐Colmenero Manuel , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Castro‐Piñero José , Molina‐García Javier , Queralt Ana , Aznar Susana , Abarca‐Sos Alberto , González‐Cutre David , Vidal‐Conti Josep , Fernández‐Muñoz Santiago , Vida Jerónimo , Ruiz‐Ariza Alberto , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Moliner‐Urdiales Diego , Villa‐González Emilio , Barranco‐Ruiz Yaira , Huertas‐Delgado Francisco Javier , Mandic Sandra , Chillón Palma 
Published: January 2021

This study examines trends in the rates of active commuting to school (ACS) in Spanish children (n = 18 343; 8.93 ± 1.68) and adolescents (n = 18 438; 14.11 ± 1.58) aged 6‐18 years from 2010 to 2017. Given the study period included the economic crisis in Spain (2008‐2013), the second aim of this study was to compare ACS rates during and after the economic crisis. Data were obtained from 28 studies conducted across Spain. The overall trends in ACS were evaluated using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Among Spanish children and adolescents, the rates of ACS to school ranged around 60% between 2010 and 2017. The rates of ACS in Spanish youth did not change significantly during the 2010‐2017 period, except a sporadic increase in the rate of ACS in adolescents in 2012‐2013. No significant association between the ACS and the economic crisis time period in youth was found. As conclusion, the ACS remains stable in Spain during the last decade, which is a promising result regarding the evidenced decreasing trend in many countries. Further educational and policy strategies are important to continue promoting this behavior in children and adolescents in the long term.
The impact of integrated STEM modeling on elementary preservice teachers’ self‐efficacy for integrated STEM instruction: A co‐teaching approach
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Byrd Kelly O. , Allison Elizabeth R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of co‐taught integrated STEM methods instruction on preservice elementary teachers’ self‐efficacy for teaching science and mathematics within an integrated STEM framework. Two instructional methods courses (Elementary Mathematics Methods and Elementary Science Methods) were redesigned to include STEM integration components, including STEM model lessons co‐taught by a mathematics and science educator, as well as a special education colleague. Quantitative data were gathered at three time points in the semester (beginning, middle, and end) from 55 preservice teachers examining teacher self‐efficacy for integrated STEM teaching. Qualitative data were gathered from a purposeful sample of seven preservice teachers to further understand preservice teachers’ perceptions on delivering integrated STEM instruction in an elementary setting. Quantitative results showed a significant increase in teacher self‐efficacy across all three time points. Item‐level analysis revealed that self‐efficacy for tasks involving engineering and assessment (both formative and summative) were low across time points, while self‐efficacy for tasks involving technology and flexibility were consistently high. Qualitative results revealed that the preservice teachers did not feel adequately prepared by university‐level science and mathematics courses, in terms of content knowledge and integration of science and mathematics for elementary students.