bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a classifier with analysis of feature selection methods for COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Chauhan Hetal , Modi Kirit , Shrivastava Saurabh 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic situation is increasing day by day and has affected the lifestyle and economy worldwide. Due to the absence of specific treatment, the only way to control a pandemic is by stopping its spread. Early identification of affected persons is urgently in demand. Diagnostic methods applied in hospitals are time-consuming, which delay the identification of positive patients. This study aims to develop machine learning-based diagnosis model which can predict positive cases and helps in decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, the authors have developed a diagnosis model to check coronavirus positivity based on an artificial neural network. The authors have trained the model with clinically assessed symptoms, patient-reported symptoms, other medical histories and exposure data of the person. The authors have explored filter-based feature selection methods such as Chi2, ANOVA F-score and Mutual Information for improving performance of a classification model. Metrics used to evaluate performance of the model are accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F1-score.

Findings
The authors got highest classification performance with model trained with features ranked according to ANOVA FS method. Highest scores for accuracy, sensitivity, precision and F1-score of predictions are 0.93, 0.99, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The study reveals that most relevant predictors for COVID-19 diagnosis are sob severity, cough severity, sob presence, cough presence, fatigue and number of days since symptom onset.

Originality/value
Treatment for COVID-19 is not available to date. The best way to control this pandemic is the isolation of positive persons. It is very much necessary to identify positive persons at an early stage. RT-PCR test used to check COVID-19 positivity is the time-consuming, expensive and laborious method. Current diagnosis methods used in hospital demand more medical resources with increasing cases of coronavirus that introduce shortage of resources. The developed model provides solution to the problem cheaper and faster decreases the immediate need for medical resources and helps in decision-making.
Public good overprovision by a manipulative provider
Authors: Celik Gorkem , Shin Dongsoo , Strausz Roland 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study contracting between a public good provider and users with private valuations of the good. We show that, once the provider extracts the users' private information, she benefits from manipulating the collective information received from all users when communicating with them. We derive conditions under which such manipulation determines the direction of distortions in public good provision. If the provider is non‐manipulative, the public good is always underprovided, whereas overprovision occurs with a manipulative provider. With overprovision, not only high‐valuation users, but also low‐valuation users may obtain positive rents—users may prefer facing a manipulative provider.
Specialist residential dementia care for people with severe and persistent behaviours: A ten‐year retrospective review
Authors: Gresham Meredith , Morris Thomas , Min Chao Sabrina , Lorang Catriona , Cunningham Colm 
Published: May 2021

Very severe behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have low prevalence but disproportionately poor outcomes for persons with dementia, others and systems of care, including inappropriate use of medication, tenuous accommodation, poor quality of life and increased costs. The Australian Government has established new Special Dementia Care Programmes (SDCPs) to provide interim care for up to 12 months for those with severe and persistent BPSD unsuitable for mainstream aged care. This 10‐year retrospective review describes environmental design, governance, clinical processes, characteristics and outcomes for 80 residents of a similar‐aged care mental health partnership SDCP. A key finding was that average length of stay was slightly over 12 months. All surviving residents except one were able to be transferred to mainstream aged care services. Doses of regular and PRN antipsychotic and anxiolytic medications were significantly reduced. SDCPs may have the potential to improve care and outcomes for this group of vulnerable older people.
Violent masculinities
Authors: SALEM TOMAS , LARKINS ERIKA ROBB 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTHistorically, policing in Rio de Janeiro has been shaped by the equation of racialized violence and masculinity. Attempts to reform the police have paradoxically drawn on forms of male violence that are centered on the rational and professional use of force and on “softer” practices, such as dialogue and collaboration, symbolically coded as feminine. The failure of police reform reflects the cultural salience of understandings of masculinity centered around violence within the police, historical patterns of policing in Rio, and political actors’ strategic cultivation of male violence. Through Rio de Janeiro's failed attempt at police reform, we theorize the relation between racialized state violence, authoritarian political projects, and transgressive forms of male violence, arguing that an important appeal of authoritarianism lies in its promise to carve out a space for performing what we callwild masculinity. [masculinity,race,police,violence,gender,politics,favela,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil]
Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in testicular diseases: A comprehensive review
Authors: Tenuta Marta , Sesti Franz , Bonaventura Ilaria , Mazzotta Paola , Pofi Riccardo , Gianfrilli Daniele , Pozza Carlotta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a sonographic technique that increases the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) when studying testicular abnormalities. However, its role in clinical practice is still debatable because there are no accepted standards regarding how and when this technique should be used for patients with testicular disease.ObjectivesTo perform a nonsystematic review of the current literature to highlight the strength and flaws of performing CEUS and to provide a critical overview of current research evidence on this topic.Materials and methodsA thorough search of published peer‐reviewed studies in PubMed was performed using proper keywords.ResultsStrong enhancement of neoplastic lesions (both benign and malignant) during CEUS aids in differential diagnosis with non‐neoplastic lesions, which usually appears either nonenhanced or enhanced in a manner similar to that of the surrounding parenchyma. CEUS enhancement has a high predictive value in the identification of neoplastic lesions, whereas a similar or complete absence of enhancement may be interpreted as strong evidence of benignity, although there are exceptions. Literature on quantitative analysis is still scarce, though promising, particularly in distinguishing benign from malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, CEUS may be useful in many emergency situations, such as acute scrotum, blunt scrotal trauma, and focal infarction of the testis. Finally, CEUS can help increase the probability of sperm recovery in azoospermic males.Discussion and conclusionCEUS is a safe, easy‐to‐perform, and cost‐effective diagnostic tool that can provide a more accurate diagnosis in testicular lesions and acute scrotal disease. However, further studies with larger cohorts are required to refine the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant neoplasms. Finally, these preliminary results can instigate the development of innovative research on pre‐testicular sperm extraction to increase the chances of sperm recovery.
A constructivism of desire: Conceptualising the politics of assemblage with Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Roberts Tom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssemblage theory has made a significant impact on the theoretical landscape of human geography over the past decade, providing the discipline with a “radically constructivist” account of social and cultural life that is no longer anchored to the process of human meaning‐making. Despite this growing popularity, however, geographers have recently voiced concerns about the critical efficacy of contemporary assemblage approaches, which often rely on the application of scientific terms like emergence and complexity to social and cultural processes. This temptation to overemphasise the physics of assemblage is problematic, I argue, because it tends to obfuscate the concept’s political significance and leads to accusations of a lack of criticality. In this paper I revisit the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari with the aim of bringing the political implications of the assemblage concept into sharper focus. While more commonly associated with A thousand plateaus, I trace the conceptual genealogy of Deleuze and Guattari's assemblage concept through to their earlier collaboration Anti‐Oedipus, where the two philosophers develop a novel framework for political theory based on a radically constructivist model of desire. In doing so, I show how Deleuze and Guattari's political commitment to re‐think desire in machinic terms is what makes assemblage theory both a critique of capitalist subjectivity and a provocation to think the conditions of social and cultural life beyond the human.
Effects of land‐use on fruit bat distribution in different habitats along the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Vogeler Anna‐Valeska Bettina , Tschapka Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTropical ecosystems are currently degrading at unprecedented speed, mostly due to rapid human population growth. This affects the associated biodiversity, which frequently results in damage to or loss of ecosystem functions. Due to high species richness and ecological diversity, bats are essential ecosystem elements. Our objective was to determine effects of land‐use categories on species abundance, richness and diversity of the guild of fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Mt. Kilimanjaro, a biodiversity hotspot in Tanzania. We surveyed five habitat types, including two natural habitats lower montane forest and savanna, and three disturbed habitats, coffee plantations, Chagga homegardens, and maize fields. We captured 629 frugivorous bats and (1) compared diversity and species abundance among the habitat types and (2) assessed factors driving the differences in guild structure along an elevational gradient. Species accumulation curves were asymptotic for all habitats, suggesting an adequate sampling effort. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated strong differentiation of fruit bat guilds among habitats. Highest species richness was recorded in lower montane forest and Chagga homegardens, which therefore represent habitats of high value for these bats. Nevertheless, even in the intensively used coffee plantations and maize fields we found a high abundance of bats from most species despite a low abundance of food resources. Our results suggest that bats do not perceive moderately sized plantations as a hostile matrix, but rather use them as flyways between fragments and patches of secondary vegetation. Further, we suggest that within plantations, trees likeFicusspp. increase bat activity.
Sinus laser therapy versus sinus lay open in the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease
Authors: Abdelnaby Mahmoud , Fathy Mohammad , Emile Sameh Hany , Arnous Mohamed , Balata Mohamed , Abdelmawla Ahmed , Abdallah Emad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThere is no standard method for the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPND); however, surgery remains the gold standard treatment. Wide surgical excision of the sinus is the traditional surgical treatment of SPND, yet it is associated with extended healing time and delayed recovery. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) and sinus lay open in the management of SPND.MethodsPatients with SPND who were treated with SiLaT or lay open were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were the success of surgery in terms of complete healing at 12 months postoperatively, time to complete healing, complications, operation time and quality of life (QoL).ResultsA total of 139 patients with a mean age of 25 years were included to the study. Sixty‐two patients underwent SiLaT and 77 underwent lay open. Six patients experienced recurrence after SiLaT while there was no recorded recurrence after the lay open technique (P = 0.007). Sinus lay open had a shorter operation time than SiLaT (P < 0.0001). On the other hand, SiLaT was followed by a shorter healing time, lower incidence of delayed wound healing, better cosmetic outcome, and higher QoL scores compared to the lay open group. The complication rates were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionSinus lay open was associated with better success than SiLaT. On the other hand, SiLaT was associated with quicker healing, better cosmesis, better QoL and longer operation time. The complication rate of the two procedures was comparable.
The long‐term incidence of dysplasia and colorectal cancer in a Crohn’s colitis population‐based cohort
Authors: Gatenby Grace , Glyn Tamara , Pearson John , Gearry Richard , Eglinton Tim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) in Crohn's disease (CD) has been variably reported. Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of neoplasia; variable outcomes in CD possibly reflect the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The aim of this work was to characterize the risk of CRC in a New Zealand population‐based cohort of CD patients with colonic inflammation.MethodA review of all participants with CD in the population‐based Canterbury Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study was conducted. Data on demographics, endoscopic surveillance, presence of dysplasia/neoplasia and oncological outcome were extracted. The age‐adjusted standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to compare the incidence of CRC in the cohort with the incidence of CRC in the New Zealand population in 2006.ResultsData on 649 patients with CD were collected. Four hundred and thirty‐six participants (58% female) with ileocolonic or colonic CD were included for analysis. CRC was diagnosed in 13 patients (62% female). The median age at CRC diagnosis was 58.5 years, and the mean duration of CD prior to diagnosis of CRC was 20.4 years. When compared with the New Zealand population (using census data), the overall age‐adjusted SIR was 4.1 (95% CI 2.4–7.1).ConclusionThis population‐based cohort of patients with colonic CD shows a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with the general population. This is consistent with the colonic location of inflammation increasing the risk of neoplasia. Inclusion of patients with isolated upper gastrointestinal/ileal CD in similar studies may mask the truly increased risk for patients with long‐standing colonic inflammation.
Risk of non‐fatal overdose and polysubstance use in a longitudinal study with people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Rivera Saldana Carlos D. , Abramovitz Daniela , Meacham Meredith C. , Gonzalez‐Zuniga Patricia , Rafful Claudia , Rangel Gudelia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Cepeda Javier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAmong people who inject drugs (PWID), polysubstance use has been associated with fatal and non‐fatal overdose (NFOD). However, the risk of overdose due to the cumulative number of various recently used drug types remains unexplored. We estimated the risk of NFOD for different polysubstance use categories among PWID in Tijuana, Mexico.MethodsData came from 661 participants followed for 2 years in Proyecto El Cuete‐IV, an ongoing prospective cohort of PWID. A multivariable Cox model was used to assess the cumulative impact of polysubstance use on the time to NFOD. We used the Cochran‐Armitage test to evaluate a dose–response relationship between number of polysubstance use categories and NFOD.ResultsWe observed 115 NFOD among 1029.2 person‐years of follow‐up (incidence rate: 11.2 per 100 person‐years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3‐13.3). Relative to those who used one drug class, the adjusted hazard ratio of NFOD for individuals reporting using two drug classes was 1.11 (95% CI 0.69‐1.79), three drug classes was 2.00 (95% CI 1.16‐3.44) and for those reporting three compared to two was 1.79 (95% CI 1.09‐2.97). A significant Cochran‐Armitage trend test (P < 0.001) suggested a dose–response relationship.Discussion and ConclusionsPolysubstance use was associated with increased risk of NFOD with a dose–response relationship over 2 years. We identified a subgroup of PWID at high risk of NFOD who reported concurrent use of opioids, stimulants and benzodiazepines. Prioritising tailored harm reduction and overdose prevention interventions for PWID who use multiple substances in Tijuana is needed.
From puzzles to portraits: Enhancing situation awareness during natural disasters using a design science approach
Authors: Vemprala Naga , Liu Charles Zhechao , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring emergency situations, a quick and concise summary from the deluge of messages improves “situation awareness” and enables informed decisions. However, this is challenging due to the volume, variety, and veracity of information. Grounded in the Situation Awareness Theory, this study presents a streamlined protocol to process millions of social media messages and render them in an easily comprehensible format for various stakeholders to gain deeper insights. Specifically, using a design science approach, we develop a set of artifacts using incremental hierarchical clustering and enhanced text summarization algorithm to produce informative summaries under crisis situations. We implemented our protocol on 2.5 and 3 million tweets collected during the two major hurricanes in 2017 and 2018. The results show that our protocol can derive critical information not captured by Twitter's search tools and mainstream news media and significantly improve on accuracy and efficiency when compared to other contemporary tools.
Adoptive Parenting Cognitions in the Era of Open Adoption: Is Shared Fate Theory Still Relevant?
Authors: Lo Albert Y. H. , Cashen Krystal K. , Grotevant Harold D. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo reexamine shared fate theory by validating the original measure of “acknowledgment of differences” (AOD) and testing the theory's relations in the current era of open adoptions.BackgroundShared fate theory states adoptive parents who acknowledge differences between adoptive and nonadoptive parenthood are better able to empathize with their child and promote open communication about adoption. The theory has not been validated in the context of modern adoption practices, such as birth family contact.MethodConfirmatory factor analyses examined the validity of the original measure of AOD using a sample of 190 adoptive mothers whose families varied in level of birth family contact. Regression analyses examined the relation between AOD and empathy and communication 8 years later, as well as whether level of birth family contact moderated these relations.ResultsResults provided evidence for the validity of the measure of AOD. AOD in mothers significantly predicted empathy and communication 8 years later, with little evidence for moderation by level of birth family contact.ConclusionAOD has implications for parenting practices and remains an important adoptive parenting cognition, regardless of level of birth family contact.ImplicationsAOD is a still relevant area of intervention for practitioners working with adoptive families.
Rent burden determinants in hot and cold housing markets of Davidson and Shelby counties, Tennessee
Authors: Samarin Mikhail , Sharma Madhuri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRent burden is a situation when a renter‐occupied household spends a sizable portion of its income on housing costs. Using census tracts as the scale of analysis, this article examines rent burden determinants in Shelby and Davidson counties, the two largest of Tennessee. These counties differ substantially in terms of their housing markets, demographics, and the state of their economy. Mapping reveals distinct spatial patterns of rent burden and its geographic extent. Correlations and spatial regression analyses suggest that in both counties, a lack of access to an automobile, crowded living, and the presence of children in households similarly associate with higher rent burden. In contrast, educational attainment, race, and a lack of medical insurance do not demonstrate such consensus. Compared to Davidson County, race is a less crucial predictor of rent burden in Shelby County, likely due to its predominantly African American composition across different income groups. Besides, the positive effect of education is more pronounced in Shelby County. Results indicate that rent burden tends to be more of a socioeconomic class issue in Shelby County, whereas it is not as strongly associated with the socially disadvantaged in Davidson County.
Physicochemical properties of acid‐soluble collagens from different tissues of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Sun Le‐Chang , Du Han , Wen Jia‐Xin , Zhong Chan , Liu Guang‐Ming , Miao Song , Cao Min‐Jie 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAcid‐soluble collagens (ASCs) were extracted and characterised from different tissues of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The yields of ASCs in bones, skins, scales and muscles were 3.22 ± 0.47%, 42.30 ± 1.15%, 2.82 ± 0.31% and 0.89 ± 0.12%, respectively. SDS‐PAGE and ATR‐FTIR analysis showed that all ASCs were type I collagen with intact triple helical structure and consisted of α1,3‐chain, α2‐chain, β‐chain and γ‐chain. Quantitative analysis of SDS‐PAGE revealed that the ratio of β‐chains in ASC from scales was lower than other tissues. The imino acid contents of ASC from bones, skins, scales and muscles were 169, 167, 162 and 173 residues/1000 residues, respectively. The maximum transition temperature (Tm) of ASC from scales was 30.15 °C, lower than the other three ASCs, indicated that the thermal stability of collagen was affected by both the content of imino acid and β‐chains. The results also implied that thermal stability of ASC might exist the tissue specificity among different fish species.
Chemical transesterification of flaxseed oil and medium‐chain triacylglycerols: MLCT yield, DAG content, physicochemical properties, minor compounds and oxidation stability
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Lu Yanting , Jin Jun , Song Zhihua , Tang Junjun 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA type of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) rich in α‐linolenic acid (ALA) was produced by chemical transesterification of medium‐chain triacylglycerols (MCT) and flaxseed oils. Under the optimal substrate conditions of 60%, catalyst loading of 0.3% at 60 °C for 15 min, the product contained MLCT (74.06%), ALA (37.26%) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (11.25%). After that, changes in fatty acid (FA) composition, physicochemical properties and minor compounds after chemical transesterification (CTE) were investigated. The correlations analysis results of these factors on oxidative stability showed these factors could be divided into positive and negative groups. Although DAG appears to be beneficial in slowing down oil oxidation, it is critical to avoid its mass production because it would decrease MLCT.