bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the core 5 social determinants of health screening tool
Authors: Bechtel Nancie , Jones Alexandria , Kue Jennifer , Ford Jodi L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of a social determinants of health (SDH) screening tool and service referral on emergency department (ED) use among patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center primary care clinic.Study designQuasi‐experimental.SampleThree‐hundred and eleven English‐speaking patients 18 years and older.MeasuresThe Core 5 SDH screening tool consists of five yes/no items assessing food, housing, utilities, transportation, and safety needs. The number of ED visits 3 months before and after the intervention were collected from electronic health records.InterventionThe research team administered the Core 5 SDH screening tool and if desired, referred patients with an identified need for SDH services.ResultsApproximately 43% of patients reported a SDH need with food insecurity most prevalent (62.2%). The number of ED visits was significantly lower 3 months post‐intervention compared to 3 months before for the 125 participants who wanted and received the SDH service referral (IRR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.99) and for the 35 participants who reported receiving some/all of the needed services at the 2‐week follow‐up (IRR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.76).ConclusionsAddressing patients’ SDH needs may reduce ED visits, lower healthcare costs, and ultimately, improve health.
Protecting persons experiencing homelessness through a global pandemic
Authors: Lashley Mary , Stoltzfus K. Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn response to the challenges imposed by the COVID‐19 global pandemic, the leadership of a large homeless service and residential recovery organization transformed its organizational practices in accordance with best available evidence for prevention and containment of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The coordinated organizational response was based on the CDC's “whole community” framework for addressing the threat of COVID‐19 among persons experiencing homelessness and included strategies for preparation and containment of the virus and identification of exposures and disease outbreaks. Organizational practice changes were also instituted to mitigate spread. New protocols and procedures addressed admission intake processes, testing and monitoring, and guidelines for managing staff, vendors, and volunteers. Finally, an on‐site vaccination clinic was organized through the establishment of a four‐pronged coalition. The program outreached to staff, residents, and essential volunteers. Following implementation of this coordinated organizational response, confirmed SARS CoV‐2 cases in the facility declined to zero. Through this experience, the leadership became more adept at improving its digital fitness and pivoting when circumstances dictated a shift in policy and practice. In every major initiative or policy change aimed at addressing the spread of the virus, community partnerships were key to effective implementation of COVID‐19 prevention and containment strategies.
Moral Polarization Predicts Support for Authoritarian and Progressive Strong Leaders via the Perceived Breakdown of Society
Authors: Crimston Charlie R. , Selvanathan Hema Preya , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: October 2021

Polarization in society may hold consequences beyond the undermining of social cohesion. Here we provide the first evidence highlighting the power of perceived moral polarization in society to drive support for strong leaders. Across two studies and four samples drawn from the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States (N = 1,664), we found evidence linking perceived moral polarization with perceived anomie in society (defined as the perceived breakdown of social fabric and leadership) and with the rise in support for leaders with both a conservative/authoritarian and progressive/democratic style. Specifically, via the perceived breakdown in social fabric, heightened moral polarization predicted increased support for conservative/authoritarian style strong leaders, and via the perceived breakdown of leadership, increased support for progressive/democratic style strong leaders. Experimentally, using a fictionalized society paradigm, we then established causal links between moral polarization and the desire to elect conservative/authoritarian and progressive/democratic strong leaders. The current research is the first to identify the potential political consequences of heightened perceived moral polarization in two‐party liberal democracies and contributes to the growing body of research highlighting the role of societal factors in driving support for strong leaders.
Identification of parking spaces from multi‐modal trajectory data
Authors: Dey Subhrasankha , Winter Stephan , Goel Salil , Tomko Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMapping the parking spaces in cities is desirable for reducing cruising time and congestion in the city. But map information regarding parking spaces is often missing or incomplete, due to the variety of their nature: marked or unmarked, on‐street or off‐street, or public, domestic or commercial. Hence, we develop a new method for mapping parking spaces, and deliberately focus on a crowd‐sourcing solution because of its global applicability. We will use smartphone trajectory data, as collected by person‐bound navigation apps. A person‐bound navigation app collects multi‐modal trajectory data where the transitions from drive to walk or from walk to drive contain valuable information about parking spaces. Hence, mode detection is required with sufficient accuracy to be able to map parking spaces. We develop a novel mode detection focusing just on this problem and outperforming existing, generic mode detection algorithms. Further, we provide a methodology to identify the geographic locations of parking spaces from these collected trajectory data. The article presents the methodologies, their implementations, and a critical evaluation to achieve mapping of parking spaces.
Urban spatial epidemic simulation model: A case study of the second COVID‐19 outbreak in Beijing, China
Authors: Huang Qiang , Liu Qiyong , Song Ci , Liu Xiaobo , Shu Hua , Wang Xi , Liu Yaxi , Chen Xiao , Chen Jie , Pei Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe second COVID‐19 outbreak in Beijing was controlled by non‐pharmaceutical interventions, which avoided a second pandemic. Until mass vaccination achieves herd immunity, cities are at risk of similar outbreaks. It is vital to quantify and simulate Beijing's non‐pharmaceutical interventions to find effective intervention policies for the second outbreak. Few models have achieved accurate intra‐city spatio‐temporal epidemic spread simulation, and most modeling studies focused on the initial pandemic. We built a dynamic module of infected case movement within the city, and established an urban spatially epidemic simulation model (USESM), using mobile phone signaling data to create scenarios to assess the impact of interventions. We found that: (1) USESM simulated the transmission process of the epidemic within Beijing; (2) USESM showed the epidemic curve and presented the spatial distribution of epidemic spread on a map; and (3) to balance resources, interventions, and economic development, nucleic acid testing intensity could be increased and restrictions on human mobility in non‐epidemic areas eased.
Structural property, molecular regulation, and functional diversity of glutamine synthetase in higher plants: a data‐mining bioinformatics approach
Authors: Mondal Raju , Kumar Amit , Chattopadhyay Sanjib Kumar 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGlutamine synthetase (GS; E.C.6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme in higher plants with two isozymes, cytosolic GS1 and plastidic GS2, and involves in the assimilation and recycling of NH4+ ions and maintenance of complex traits such as crop nitrogen‐use efficiency and yield. Our present understanding of crop nitrogen‐use efficiency and its correlation with the functional role of the GS family genes is inadequate, which delays harnessing the benefit of this key enzyme in crop improvement. In this report, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the phylogenetic relationship, structural properties, complex multilevel gene regulation, and expression patterns of the GS genes to enrich present understanding about the enzyme. Our Gene Ontology and protein–protein interactions analysis revealed the functional aspects of GS isozymes in stress mitigation, aging, nucleotide biosynthesis/transport, DNA repair and response to metals. The insight gained here contributes to the future research strategies in developing climate‐smart crops for global sustainability.
WHITE AND LESION‐MIMIC LEAF1, encoding a lumazine synthase, affects reactive oxygen species balance and chloroplast development in rice
Authors: Hu Haitao , Ren Deyong , Hu Jiang , Jiang Hongzhen , Chen Ping , Zeng Dali , Qian Qian , Guo Longbiao 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe riboflavin derivatives flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are essential cofactors for enzymes in multiple cellular processes. Characterizing mutants with impaired riboflavin metabolism can help clarify the role of riboflavin in plant development. Here, we characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) white and lesion‐mimic (wll1) mutant, which displays a lesion‐mimic phenotype with white leaves, chlorophyll loss, chloroplast defects, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased photosystem protein levels, changes in expression of chloroplast development and photosynthesis genes, and cell death. Map‐based cloning and complementation test revealed that WLL1 encodes lumazine synthase, which participates in riboflavin biosynthesis. Indeed, the wll1 mutant showed riboflavin deficiency, and application of FAD rescued the wll1 phenotype. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that cytokinin metabolism was significantly affected in wll1 mutant, which had increased cytokinin and δ‐aminolevulinic acid contents. Furthermore, WLL1 and riboflavin synthase (RS) formed a complex, and the rs mutant had a similar phenotype to the wll1 mutant. Taken together, our findings revealed that WLL1 and RS play pivotal roles in riboflavin biosynthesis, which is necessary for ROS balance and chloroplast development in rice.
A comparison of platelet function in cold‐stored whole blood and platelet concentrates
Authors: Huish Sian , Green Laura , Kempster Carly , Smethurst Peter , Wiltshire Michael , Prajapati Chetankumar , Allen Elisa , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is renewed interest in the use of whole blood (WB) for the resuscitation of trauma patients. Platelet function in stored WB compared to platelet concentrates is not well established and was assessed in vitro in this study.MethodsLeucocyte‐depleted cold‐stored WB (CS‐WB) was prepared using a Terumo WB‐SP Imuflex kit and held at 2–6°C alongside: (A) UK standard pooled platelets stored at 20–24°C (RT‐PLTS), (B) pooled platelets stored at 2–6°C (CS‐PLTS), and (C) platelet‐rich plasma produced using the Terumo kit (CS‐PRP), for 21 days. A series of in vitro assays were assessed platelet function.ResultsPlatelet count was retained to 57 ± 14% of starting number at day 21 in CS‐WB. Over time, CS‐WB platelets become more activated, with increased CD62P expression (day 1: 7 ± 3.7% vs. day 21: 59 ± 17.1%) and annexin V binding (day 1: 2 ± 0.2% vs. day 21: 21 ± 15.1%). For comparison, 18.6 ± 6% of platelets in RT‐PLTS demonstrated CD62P expression at day 7, whereas annexin V binding in RT‐PLTS at day 7 was 2.6 ± 0.5%. Over storage, aggregatory response to agonists decreased in all arms. Functional platelet microparticles increased steadily in CS‐WB throughout storage.ConclusionDuring storage, platelet count reduced in CS‐WB, whereas CD62P expression and annexin V binding increased. This was accompanied by a reduced aggregatory response, although compared to 7‐day‐old RT‐PLTS, CS‐WB maintained a maximal response to agonists for longer, suggesting that the shelf life for CS‐WB can be considered for up to 21 days.
Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease: clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Ebihara Tomohiro , Nagatomo Taro , Sugiyama Yohei , Tsuruoka Tomoko , Osone Yoshiteru , Shimura Masaru , Tajika Makiko , Matsuhashi Tetsuro , Ichimoto Keiko , Matsunaga Ayako , Akiyama Nana , Ogawa-Tominaga Minako , Yatsuka Yukiko , Nitta Kazuhiro R , Kishita Yoshihito , Fushimi Takuya , Imai-Okazaki Atsuko , Ohtake Akira , Okazaki Yasushi , Murayama Kei 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveNeonatal-onset mitochondrial disease has not been fully characterised owing to its heterogeneity. We analysed neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease in Japan to clarify its clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis.DesignRetrospective observational study from January 2004 to March 2020.SettingPopulation based.PatientsPatients (281) with neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease diagnosed by biochemical and genetic approaches.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresDisease types, initial symptoms, biochemical findings, molecular diagnosis and prognosis.ResultsOf the 281 patients, multisystem mitochondrial disease was found in 194, Leigh syndrome in 26, cardiomyopathy in 38 and hepatopathy in 23 patients. Of the 321 initial symptoms, 236 occurred within 2 days of birth. Using biochemical approaches, 182 patients were diagnosed by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity rate and 89 by oxygen consumption rate. The remaining 10 patients were diagnosed using a genetic approach. Genetic analysis revealed 69 patients had nuclear DNA variants in 36 genes, 11 of 15 patients had mitochondrial DNA variants in five genes and four patients had single large deletion. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed the effects of Leigh syndrome (HR=0.15, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.63, p=0.010) and molecular diagnosis (HR=1.87, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.96, p=0.008) on survival.ConclusionsNeonatal-onset mitochondrial disease has a heterogenous aetiology. The number of diagnoses can be increased, and clarity regarding prognosis can be achieved by comprehensive biochemical and molecular analyses using appropriate tissue samples.
Changes in exposure to ambient fine particulate matter after relocating and long term survival in Canada: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Chen Hong , Kaufman Jay S , Olaniyan Toyib , Pinault Lauren , Tjepkema Michael , Chen Li , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V , Hystad Perry , Chen Chen , Kirby-McGregor Megan , Bai Li , Burnett Richard T , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and premature mortality in Canada.DesignPopulation based quasi-experimental study.SettingCanada.Participants663 100 respondents to the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Canadian censuses aged 25-89 years who had consistently lived in areas with either high or low PM2.5levels over five years preceding census day and moved during the ensuing five years.InterventionsChanges in long term exposure to PM2.5arising from residential mobility.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was deaths from natural causes. Secondary outcomes were deaths from any cardiometabolic cause, any respiratory cause, and any cancer cause. All outcomes were obtained from the national vital statistics database.ResultsUsing a propensity score matching technique with numerous personal, socioeconomic, health, and environment related covariates, each participant who moved to a different PM2.5area was matched with up to three participants who moved within the same PM2.5area. In the matched groups that moved from high to intermediate or low PM2.5areas, residential mobility was associated with a decline in annual PM2.5exposure from 10.6 μg/m3to 7.4 and 5.0 μg/m3, respectively. Conversely, in the matched groups that moved from low to intermediate or high PM2.5areas, annual PM2.5increased from 4.6 μg/m3to 6.7 and 9.2 μg/m3. Five years after moving, individuals who experienced a reduction in exposure to PM2.5from high to intermediate levels showed a 6.8% (95% confidence interval 1.7% to 11.7%) reduction in mortality (2510 deaths in 56 025v4925 deaths in 101 960). A greater decline in mortality occurred among those exposed to a larger reduction in PM2.5. Increased mortality was found with exposure to PM2.5from low to high levels, and to a lesser degree from low to intermediate levels. Furthermore, the decreases in PM2.5exposure were most strongly associated with reductions in cardiometabolic deaths, whereas the increases in PM2.5exposure were mostly related to respiratory deaths. No strong evidence was found for the changes in PM2.5exposure with cancer related deaths.ConclusionsIn Canada, decreases in PM2.5were associated with lower mortality, whereas increases in PM2.5were associated with higher mortality. These results were observed at PM2.5levels considerably lower than many other countries, providing support for continuously improving air quality.
Changes in granule mobility and age contribute to changes in insulin secretion after desensitization or rest
Authors: Gaus Bastian , Brüning Dennis , Hatlapatka Kathrin , Rustenbeck Ingo 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionFunctional impairment of the stimulus secretion coupling in pancreatic beta cells is an essential component of type 2 diabetes. It is known that prolonged stimulation desensitizes the secretion of insulin and thus contributes to beta cell dysfunction. Beta cell rest, in contrast, was shown to enhance the secretory response. Here, the underlying mechanisms were investigated.Research design and methodsTo characterize the consequences of desensitization or rest for the number and mobility of submembrane granules, insulin-secreting MIN6 cells were desensitized by 18-hour culture with 500 µM tolbutamide or rested by 18-hour culture with 1 µM clonidine. The granules were labeled by hIns-EGFP or hIns-DsRed E5, imaged by TIRF microscopy of the cell footprint area and analyzed with an observer-independent program. Additionally, the insulin content and secretion were measured.ResultsConcurrent with the insulin content, submembrane granules were only slightly reduced after desensitization but markedly increased after rest. Both types of pretreatment diminished arrivals and departures of granules in the submembrane space and increased the proportion of immobile long-term resident granules, but desensitization lowered and rest increased the number of exocytoses, in parallel with the effect on insulin secretion. Labeling with hIns-DsRed E5 (‘timer’) showed that desensitization did not affect the proportion of aged granules, whereas rest increased it. Aged granules showed a high mobility and made up only a minority of long-term residents. Long-term resident granules were more numerous after rest and had a lower lateral mobility, suggesting a firmer attachment to the membrane.ConclusionThe number, mobility and age of submembrane granules reflect the preceding functional states of insulin-secreting cells. Representing the pool of releasable granules, their quantity and quality may thus form part of the beta cell memory on renewed stimulation.
Glycemic efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the VERTIS CV randomized trial
Authors: Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Pratley Richard E , Cherney David Z I , McGuire Darren K , Cosentino Francesco , Shih Weichung J , Liu Jie , Frederich Robert , Mancuso James P , Raji Annaswamy , Gantz Ira 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionHere we report the glycemic efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in patients in the VERTIS CV cardiovascular outcome trial with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3.Research design and methodsPrespecified and post-hoc analyses were performed in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30–<60 mL/min/1.73 m2at screening. The primary endpoint was glycemic efficacy at week 18. Longer term glycemic efficacy and changes in body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and eGFR were also evaluated.ResultsAmong 8246 patients in VERTIS CV, 1776 patients had CKD stage 3; 1319 patients had CKD stage 3A (eGFR 45–<60 mL/min/1.73 m2); 457 patients had CKD stage 3B (eGFR 30–<45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Week 18 least squares (LS)-mean (95% CI) placebo-adjusted changes from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for 5 mg and 15 mg ertugliflozin were −0.27% (−0.37% to –0.17%) and −0.28% (−0.38% to –0.17%), respectively, for CKD stage 3 overall and −0.27% (−0.38% to –0.15%) and −0.31% (−0.43% to –0.19%), respectively, for CKD stage 3A (all p<0.001). For CKD stage 3B, the reduction in HbA1c for 5 mg ertugliflozin was −0.28% (−0.47% to –0.08%) (p=0.006) and for 15 mg ertugliflozin was −0.19% (−0.39% to 0.01%) (p=0.064). LS-mean placebo-adjusted reductions in body weight (range: −1.32 to −1.95 kg) and SBP (range: −2.42 to −3.41 mm Hg) were observed across CKD stage 3 categories with ertugliflozin. After an initial dip, eGFR remained above or near baseline with ertugliflozin treatment. The incidence of overall adverse events (AEs), symptomatic hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, and kidney-related AEs did not differ between ertugliflozin and placebo across CKD stage 3 subgroups.ConclusionsIn VERTIS CV patients with CKD stage 3A, ertugliflozin resulted in reductions in HbA1c, body weight and SBP, maintenance of eGFR, and was generally well tolerated. Results in the CKD stage 3B subgroup were generally similar except for an attenuated HbA1c response with the 15 mg dose.Trial registration numberNCT01986881.
Association between self-monitoring of blood glucose and hepatitis B virus infection among people with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Han Bingfeng , Liu Wu , Yang Shubo , Wang Shuai , Du Juan , Liu Yaqiong , Cui Fuqiang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose was to explore the association between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people with diabetes.DesignA cross-sectional comparative study.SettingSix township hospitals in Gansu Province, China in October 2018.Participants408 patients with diabetes were systematically recruited, and based on their characteristics 408 people without diabetes were randomly matched 1:1.InterventionsVenous blood was collected for HBV serological testing and blood glucose testing.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was comparison of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rates between the two groups. The secondary outcome was the relationship between frequency of SMBG and HBsAg positivity.ResultsHBsAg positive rate in people without diabetes was 2.0% and in those with diabetes was 4.2%. Whether in people without diabetes or patients with diabetes, higher frequency of SMBG was associated with higher HBsAg positive rate. Increases in the duration of diabetes were correlated with increasing rates of HBsAg. Compared with people without diabetes, logistic regression identified an association between diabetes and HBV infection (OR=2.8; 95% CI 1.0 to 7.6), but impaired fasting glucose was not (OR=2.3; 95% CI 0.5 to 9.9).ConclusionRoutine blood glucose monitoring at home was associated with HBV infection, which meant people with diabetes may be at high risk of HBV infection. China is a country with high prevalence of both HBsAg and diabetes, and the increased risk of HBV infection in populations with diabetes needs more attention.