bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Aerobic Capacity, Age and Duration of Disease on Arterial Function in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hibner Brooks A. , Griffith Garett , Schroeder Elizabeth C. , Rosenberg Alexander J. , Hilgenkamp Thessa I.M. , Bollaert Rachel E. , Motl Robert W. , Baynard Tracy , Fernhall Bo 
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system associated with vascular dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and age are strong predictors of arterial function in a healthy cohort; however, we know very little about the role of VO2peak, disease duration, and age on vasculature in those with MS.PurposeTo evaluate the role of fitness, duration of disease since diagnosis (Dx) and age on arterial function in individuals with MS.Methods56 individuals (Male: 15, 46±12 yrs, BMI: 29.0±6.8) with MS were divided into young (≤50 years) or older (>50 years) groups. The age groups were further delineated by length of Dx, defined as short (≤10 years) or long (>10 years). Brachial blood pressure (BP) was obtained after a 10 minute rest. Resistance artery function was assessed using strain gauge plethysmography. Reactive hyperemia was calculated as the absolute change between resting and peak flow. Carotid artery stiffness was assessed by ultrasound (Beta‐Stiffness Index (β), Elastic Modulus (Ep) and Arterial Compliance (AC)). A maximal incremental cycle test was performed to assess VO2peak.ResultsSee Table. Older adults with MS had higher systolic and mean BP (p<0.05). Length of Dx and age did not influence resistance vessel function (p>0.05), however, VO2peak was associated with peak forearm blood flow and peak conductance. Young and older adults with MS exhibited differential responses in large artery stiffness with disease progression, even after controlling for fitness level (β, Ep, AC) (interactions, p<0.05). Older adults had higher arterial stiffness (β, Ep, AC) with shorter disease duration compared to young. However, with longer disease duration, there was no difference between younger and older adults (p>0.05). β and Ep in older adults decreased with progression of MS (p<0.05). Disease duration did not affect arterial stiffness in young adults (p>0.05).ConclusionIt appears greater fitness can improve resistance artery function in the MS population. Fitness does not influence large artery stiffness in MS, but with age and duration of disease β and Ep are counterintuitively reduced. These findings require further investigation to elucidate the effects of age, VO2peak and length of Dx on vascular function in MS.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Passive mobilization‐induced vascular function adaptations in bedridden oldest‐old.
Authors: Pedrinolla Anna , Pogliaghi Silvia , Colosio Alessandro , Muti Ettore , Cè Emiliano , Longo Stefano , Espositio Fabio , Schena Federico , Venturelli Massimo 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWith aging, vascular function (VF) declines. Furthermore, a conspicuous number of oldest‐old individuals are in chronically bedridden, and literature indicates that chronic immobility exacerbates VF decline. Although studies have suggested that passive mobilization of the limbs (PM) may improve local VF, the effect of PM on nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated VF has not been studied yet.AimTo determine whether PM is effective to counteract VF worsening in bedridden oldest‐old. We hypothesized that bedridden patients who underwent a month of PM would have gained significant improvement in NO‐mediated VF.MethodsTwenty bedridden individuals (86±7 yrs) were randomly assigned to PM or control (CT) group, treated with standard therapies only. PM groups underwent a program of 30 min of passive knee (flexo‐extension) mobilization (4‐week, twice a day/5 days a week) in addition to their standard therapies. Ight before, right after and a month after the treatment, NO‐mediated VF was measured by means of single passive limb movement (sPLM) test.ResultsAll PM patients completed all sessions. Concerning sPLM test, right after the treatment PM group improved significantly sPLMpeak (+33%), ΔPLM (+55%), as well as Area Under the Curve (AUC, +200%). However, a month after the treatment, all the assessed parameters have returned close to basal levels. CT group did not exhibit any change in VF.ConclusionResults suggest that the reduction in VF exhibited in chronically bedridden oldest‐old individuals can be reversed by a PM program. Whether performed continously, PM seems to be an effective strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of bedridden on VF.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Administration of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Does Not Modulate Sweating or Cutaneous Vasodilation in Young Men Exercising in the Heat
Authors: McGarr Gregory W. , Fujii Naoto , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: June 2021

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted by cardiac muscle cells in response to increases in right atrial pressure, which can occur due to changes in blood pressure and blood volume. This hormone is also secreted during acute exercise in both temperate and hot environments and may be released into the blood due to the effects of increased venous return on the heart caused by active muscle contraction under these conditions. However, ANP release is diminished during prolonged exercise, which may ultimately impair heat loss if its release is linked to alterations in cutaneous blood flow and sweating. The current evidence is mixed with respect to a direct role of ANP in modulating cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses, with some studies demonstrating an effect of exogenous ANP infusion in augmenting these heat loss responses, while others have failed to show any influence of the hormone. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intradermal administration of varying doses of ANP on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses in healthy habitually active young men exercising in a hot environment. Ten healthy young males (27 ± 6 years) exercised for 50 min at ~55% VO2peak in the heat (35°C, 20% relative humidity). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, measured via laser Doppler flowmetry) and sweating (measured via ventilated capsules) were assessed at four dorsal forearm skin sites receiving either lactated Ringer's solution (Control) or one of three ANP doses (0.1 μM, 1.0 μM, 10 μM) via microdialysis. At the end of exercise, CVC was not different between Control (73 ± 14% CVCmax) and 0.1 μM (66 ± 20% CVCmax), 1.0 μM (69 ± 21% CVCmax), or 10 μM (71 ± 18% CVCmax) ANP sites (all P > 0.05). Similarly, sweat rates were not different between Control (1.37 ± 0.43 mg/min/cm2) and 0.1 μM (1.43 ± 0.55 mg/min/cm2), 1.0 μM (1.44 ± 0.41 mg/min/cm2), or 10 μM (1.36 ± 0.37 mg/min/cm2) ANP sites (all P > 0.05). In summary, these results demonstrate that in healthy habitually active young men, intradermal administration of ANP does not augment cutaneous vasodilation or sweating during exercise in the heat. Such findings may indicate that ANP does not have a direct effect on these heat loss responses. Alternatively, it may be the case that endogenous levels of ANP produced under these conditions are sufficient to elicit a maximal effect of the hormone on cutaneous blood flow and sweating in healthy young men, thus masking any direct effects of exogenous administration.Support or Funding InformationFunding support: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (held by Dr. Kenny).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Predicting Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Cold and Warm Environments at Rest with Skin and Core Temperature
Authors: Beckett‐Brown Nicholas T. , Dorman Sandra C. , Merritt Thomas , Gagnon Dominique D. 
Published: June 2021

Many occupations require workers to be exposed to extreme heat or cold. During prolonged exposure to extreme environments, the cardiovascular system plays a critical role in thermal homeostasis, by adjusting blood flow in peripheral and central vascular beds. Importantly, exposure to either environment, and the concordant blood‐volume redistribution, increases morbidity and mortality from the additional [and often significant] stress on the cardiovascular system. To gain insight on how to predict cardiovascular stress during exposure to extreme environments at rest, this study attempted to build a regression model to examine the influence of progressive, whole‐body skin and core cooling and heating on cardiovascular hemodynamics. Seventeen participants (12 males, 22.9 ± 3.58 years, 174.2 cm ± 7.85 cm, 12.8 ± 6.20 kg fat mass, and 59.3 ± 9.49 kg fat free mass) wearing shorts and a t‐shirt participated in two laboratory sessions: i) progressive heating (22°C to 40°C); and ii) progressive cooling (22°C to 5°C); each aimed to independently influence skin and core temperatures. Cardiovascular hemodynamics data was collected via thoracic electrical bioimpedance, while metabolic and cardiorespiratory variables were assessed via indirect calorimetry. Mean weighted skin (Tsk) and core (Tc) temperature were measured via portable data loggers and a thermocouple, respectively. Mean weighted skin temperatures ranged from 22.7°C to 37.4°C and Tc ranged from 35.5°C to 37.9°C. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using Tsk, Tc, fat free mass, fat mass, sex and age as predictors for cardiovascular hemodynamics changes under thermal stress. The present model explained 24.4% of changes in stroke volume, 27.9% of heart rate, 15.9% of cardiac output and 49.5% of oxygen consumption. Although changes in Tsk and Tc temperature induced by whole‐body cooling and heating at rest accounted for changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics in the model, a significant portion of the variation remained unexplained. Further research is needed to develop a more accurate model to represent changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics under thermal stress.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect Of Chronic Xenon Supplementation On Hematological Parameters, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Athletic Performance
Authors: Dias Katrin A. , Lawley Justin S. , Hearon Christopher M. , Hieda Michinari , Sarma Satyam , Hendrix Max , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveXenon is an inhalational anesthetic with the potential to improve athletic performance and cardiorespiratory fitness via proposed increases in total blood volume. This study aimed to determine the effect of a four‐week xenon supplementation protocol on total blood volume, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇2max) and 3‐kilometre time trial performance in trained individuals.MethodsFourteen subjects (32 ± 12 years; 71% male) were assessed for total blood volume through the carbon monoxide rebreathing method, cardiorespiratory fitness via V̇O2max on a treadmill test, and athletic performance using a 3 km time trial. Following baseline assessments, subjects were matched for sex, age and V̇O2max, and were randomised to 12 sessions of gas inhalation over four weeks (2 minutes of inhalation on 3 days per week); 1) xenon, n = 7 (70% xenon, 21% oxygen, 9% nitrogen) or 2) sham gas, n=7 (7% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, 62% nitrogen) dosing. Subjects were blinded to group allocation and all outcomes were re‐assessed following the four‐week dosing period. Within‐group mean differences and 95% confidence intervals for outcomes of interest are presented in Table 1. Differences between the xenon and sham gas group over time were tested using two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and are represented by P values.ResultsXenon and sham groups were equal at baseline for all outcomes of interest (Table 1). Twelve subjects completed the four‐week dosing intervention and are included in the analyses; one subject withdrew after a single xenon dose due to nausea and one subject was withdrawn after one week of xenon inhalation due to adverse symptoms during and after dosing which resembled sleep paralysis. Blinding was equally effective between groups; subjects in the xenon group were 65% certain of group allocation, while subjects in the sham group were 63% certain of group allocation. There were no significant differences between xenon or sham gas groups for changes in total blood volume, V̇O2max, or 3 km time trial performance (Table 1).ConclusionsFour weeks of xenon inhalation did not result in significant changes in total blood volume, cardiorespiratory fitness or athletic performance in comparison to a sham gas. Given the presence of adverse symptoms in approximately 30% (2 out of 7) subjects and a clear absence of physiological and performance benefits, our findings do not support the use of xenon as a performance enhancing substance.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported in part by funding from the Partnership for Clean Competition Research Collaborative.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Western Diet (WD) and Ketogenic Diet (KD) Implication on Voluntary Wheel Running
Authors: Kelty Taylor Jacob , Ruegsegger Greg N. , Grigsbee Kolter B. , Booth Frank W. 
Published: June 2021

Physical inactivity is closely associated with a multitude of chronic diseases, which can lead to a poorer quality of life and premature death. The mesolimbic dopamine system has been shown to modulate motivation and reward pathways that drive physical activity. High fat diets (HFD) are known to alter pathways in the brain that drive physical inactivity. However, underlying mechanisms still need more exploration.ObjectiveThe purpose of my study was to exam HFD's lowering of physical activity.MethodsIn this study male and female Wister rats at 7 weeks of age 1) were placed into running wheels and 2) fed a ketogenic diet (KD), western diet (WD), or standard chow diet (SD) chronically for 7 weeks. Previous studies from the literature shows rats on a HFD tend to overeat leading to weight gain that may lead to decreased voluntary running. In order to measure physical activity independently of caloric intake, rats on the KD and WD were only allowed access to same amount of food calories consumed by the SD group.ResultsDespite giving equal caloric amounts, male rats on the KD had attenuated weight gain (p<0.001) compared to rats fed SD after the first week on the diet. Furthermore, female rats on the WD had increased weight gain in comparison to SD group (p<0.01) by week 7. Both male and female rats had a larger percentage body fat on either HFD compared to SD (p<0.01). Female rats on a WD had a significantly higher body fat percentage than female rats fed the KD (p<0.01). All these data suggest HFD's can change energy expenditure and this effect is gender specific. The results also showed gender specificity when looking at voluntary physical activity. Male rats fed either a KD or WD had overall increases in voluntary wheel running (p<0.05) compared to the SD group. Interestingly, female rats on either HFD showed no increase in running; with rats on a WD running significantly less than the SD group in week 7 (p< 0.01). Transcripts in the mesolimbic dopamine system are currently being analyzed.ConclusionHFD's alter voluntary running in a gender specific manner in which the male rats in the present study showed an increase in voluntary wheel running, while the females showed no increase in voluntary wheel running with a decrease in running towards the end of the study.SignificanceThe present study reveals HFD influences physical inactivity independently of caloric intake in a gender‐specific manner. This study provides novel insights on how to combat physical inactivity to increase quality and quantity of lifespan.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Exercise and Tart Cherry Increase Antioxidant Capacity after High‐Fat Meal Consumption
Authors: Polley Kristine R. , Pegg Ronald B. , Cooper Jamie A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundExercise and high phytonutrient foods have the potential to combat negative effects associated with a high‐fat (HF) meal by lowering postprandial oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacity.MethodsThirteen normal weight men (18–30 y), participated in a randomized cross‐over design of four trials: 1) HF meal plus Montmorency tart cherry (C), 2) HF meal plus placebo (P), 3) prior exercise to a HF meal plus Montmorency tart cherry (EC), and 4) prior exercise to a HF meal plus placebo (EP). For exercise trials, a 30 min bout of submaximal treadmill running was performed the afternoon prior to the HF test meal. The HF meal contained 920 kcals and 60 g of fat, with the total percent of calories coming from fat being 59%. Antioxidant capacity of plasma was measured at fasting, and 1, 2, and 3 hours postprandially.ResultsPostprandial oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was significantly greater in the CE vs. PE trial (incremental area under the curve (iAUC): 4.10±1.59 vs. −0.58±1.70 mmol Trolox/L/3h, for CE vs. PE, respectively; p < 0.05). There were no other ORAC or postprandial ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) differences between trials.ConclusionThe CE trial resulted in greater postprandial antioxidant capacity compared to the PE trial as measured by ORAC. The lack of differences found using the FRAP assay indicates that Montmorency tart cherry consumption reduces oxidative stress primarily through a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, as indicated through ORAC, rather than a single electron transfer as measured with FRAP.Support or Funding InformationResearch was supported by a seed grant from the AU/UGA Medical Partnership and UGA Clinical and Translational Research Unit.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Mu opioid receptors inhibit the exercise pressor reflex by closing N‐type calcium channels but not by opening GIRK in rats.
Authors: Estrada Juan A. , Kaufman Marc A. 
Published: June 2021

Mu opioid G‐protein coupled receptors (MOR) interact with ion channels to decrease neuronal excitability. In humans, intrathecal administration of the MOR agonist, fentanyl, inhibits the exercise pressor reflex, an effect that can be attributed to either the opening of inward rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) or the closing of N‐type calcium channels. The purpose of this study was to determine if the highly selective MOR agonist DAMGO attenuates the exercise pressor reflex, and which of these two channels are responsible for this effect. In decerebrate rats, we determined the effect of intrathecal injection of either tertiapin LQ, which blocks the GIRK channel or ω‐conotoxin‐GVIA, which blocks the N‐type calcium channel on the exercise pressor reflex which was evoked by contracting the triceps surae muscles. Initially, we established that intrathecal injection of DAMGO, highly selective MOR agonist, inhibited the exercise pressor reflex relative to no intrathecal injection or intrathecal saline injection (P<0.001, n=5). We then found that intrathecal injection of two doses of tertiapin‐LQ (1 and 10 μg), a GIRK blocker, had no effect on the exercise pressor reflex (n=6 and n=7, respectively; P> 0.05). Importantly, neither dose of tertiapin‐LQ prevented the DAMGO‐induced inhibition of the exercise pressor reflex. Last, we found that intrathecal injection of ω‐conotoxin‐GVIA, an N‐type calcium blocker, markedly attenuated the exercise pressor reflex (P<0.001, n=7). The cardioaccelerator response to contraction did not appear to be effected in any of the experiments. We conclude that N‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel inhibition appears to be the mechanism by which MOR activation inhibits the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH grants R01 AR 059397 and P01 HL 134609.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Stellate Ganglion Transcriptomics in Mice Reveal Sex Differences
Authors: Bayles Richard , Fei Suzanne S. , Gao Lina , Habecker Beth 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionA large number of studies have demonstrated physiological sex differences in the brains of rodents, however the peripheral nervous system is understudied. Stellate ganglia are of particular interest because the majority of sympathetic neurons innervating the heart reside there. The cardiovascular risk profiles in men and women are different. Transcriptomics provide a powerful tool for identifying genomic differences that may contribute to sympathetic dysfunction in disease.AimTo compare the transcriptomes of healthy stellate ganglia from adult male and female mice.MethodRNA‐sequencing was carried out on individual stellate ganglia from 18‐week male and female C57Bl6J mice (n = 6 vs 6). Sequencing was carried out in an Illumina HiSeq 2500 at the Massively Parallel Sequencing Shared Resource (OHSU). Raw sequence data was aligned to the reference genome and analysed by the OHSU ONPRC Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Core.ResultsWhen comparing the stellate ganglia of males and females, the overall transcriptomic profile including the most highly expressed genes was similar. A subset of genes was different between the sexes however. Following differential expression analysis, at a strict threshold of FDRp‐value <0.05, there were 12 genes with significantly greater expression in females, and 9 genes with significantly greater expression in males. While the largest differences could be attributed to sex chromosome genes, other genes were unexpected. There was a significant difference between the sexes in expression of the genes encoding the TrkC receptor (Ntrk3), the axonal guidance factor netrin G1 (Ntng1), and the Chagas' related transcription factor Cha (Tcfl5). These differences and others including a number of ion channels were confirmed by real‐time qPCR.ConclusionDifferences in gene expression were identified between male and female stellate ganglia. These differences may translate to sex specific differences in the physiology of sympathetic nerves, with relevance to a number of cardiovascular diseases.Support or Funding InformationSupported by: NIH OT2TR001984, OHSU School of Medicine Dean's FundThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.