bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the parental satisfaction for retinopathy of prematurity screening using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy versus wide field retinal imaging
Authors: Dhami Abhinav , Gupta Gaurav , Dhami Nimrata Bajaj , Arora Nishant , Dhami Gobinder Singh 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Analysis of the parental satisfaction for retinopathy of prematurity screening using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy versus wide field retinal imaging.

Methods:
This was an observational, questionnaire survey-based study. The study cohort comprised of parents/legal guardians of consecutive Asian Indian premature infants enrolled for retinopathy of prematurity screening (for infants less than 2000 gms and/or 34-weeks gestational age) using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) with scleral depression and b) wide field retinal imaging using the 3Nethra Neo Camera (Forus Health, India). We evaluated the retina for the presence or absence of stages of ROP and plus disease. The survey analysis used closed-ended (multiple-choice) and open-ended questions for assessing 1) parents’ experience/preference among the two screening modalities namely, BIO and wide field imaging used in the study, 2) knowledge prior to ROP screening, 3) knowledge gained post ROP screening, in the outpatient ophthalmologic care unit in our hospital.

Results:
Parents/legal guardians of 90 infants were included in the study. Among the 90 parents who filled in the questionnaire, 62.3% were referred by their pediatrician, 23.3% came for self check-up and 14.4% incidentally came to the hospital for complaints like ocular discharge and were screened. 93.3% parents were satisfied with either ROP screening modality in our study, with 54.4% stated a preference for retinal imaging. In the study 20% of the parents felt that retinal imaging was painful for the infant and 31.1% felt that BIO was painful for the infant.

Conclusion:
Wide field imaging is increasingly becoming an effective tool and screening tool in ROP screening and helps in better understanding of the disease amongst parents.
Comparison of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Needs Index with Def Index in Measuring Dental Caries Among 2–6-Year-Old Schoolchildren
Authors: Vemagiri Charan Teja , Uloopi K. S. , Chandrappa Vinay , Ch Anusha , Pavitra J , Chowdary Brahmanna P 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Decayed, missing, and filled teeth and def indices are the preferred choices for dental caries quantification. Lacunae in earlier caries indices led to Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Needs Index (CAST) development. CAST index measures caries experience of a single tooth and overall dentition in a hierarchical level of caries severity.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare CAST and def indices in measuring dental caries among 3–6-year-old school children in and around Bhimavaram town, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. A single examiner conducted survey among 898 3–6-year-old school children at randomly selected schools. Caries experience was recorded in a structured pro forma using CAST and def indices. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Inter- and intragroup comparisons were made by Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U–tests, respectively. Correlation between def and CAST indices was explored by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results:
Caries prevalence with CAST index (45.7%) was marginally higher compared with def index (44.7%). No statistically significant difference was found between mean deft scores measured with CAST and def index (P = 0.87). High statistically significant difference in mean def scores with def index and def component of CAST index for 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year age groups was observed (P < 0.001). A strong correlation in measuring dental caries (P < 0.001) and similar percentage of agreement for application (98.5%) was observed between both the indices.

Conclusion:
No statistically significant difference was found in measuring caries experience indicating the similarity between CAST and def indices in quantifying dental caries. CAST index provides more detailed information of caries prevalence, experience, and severity compared with def index.
Concordance between Libyan Child and Parent Self-Reports of Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Mansur Eman K. M. , Thomson William Murray , Buzaribah Khadeejah S. H. , Elsheibani Sukaina B. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Measuring oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a person-centered approach to investigating oral health. Proxy reports by parents or caregivers were used for assessing children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for decades. Using appropriate questionnaire techniques, it has become possible to get valid and reliable information from children about 8 years of age.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to investigate the OHRQoL of 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren from viewpoints of both the children and their parents, in order to evaluate the concordance between child and parent ratings.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 303 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren. Data were collected using Arabic versions of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 8–10-year-old children (CPQ8–10) and the Parent-caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ8). Participants were examined for both traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and dental caries. Questions about the mother's and father's educational levels and current occupations were also asked, along with information on the child's age and sex. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The alpha value was 0.05.

Results:
The mean CPQ8–10 score was 3.5 ± 4.2 (range: 0–18) overall, and those who had had caries experience or a TDI had higher CPQ8–10 scores, on average. The mean P-CPQ8 score was 7.5 ± 5.4 (range 0–27), and there were no apparent differences by parental education or employment status. The association between child and parental ratings of the children's OHRQoL was weak. The parents overestimated OHRQoL relative to their children's self-assessments.

Conclusions:
There is relatively low agreement between Libyan children and parents in their responses to OHRQoL scales, particularly in cases where that impact is greater. Where possible, if the aim is to obtain a more complete picture of the impact of a child's oral state on his/her life, both child and parental reports should be used.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Practitioners in Nellore City
Authors: Gangaraju Beulah Amulyavathi , Kumar R. V. S. Krishna , Reddy V. Chandrasekhara , Prasanth P. Symon , Reddy V. Prathyusha 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Literature reviews over the world have shown a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental practitioners. As a result, they commonly experience musculoskeletal pain during the course of their careers and often have to limit or even abandon their professional activities. This has a negative impact on their finance and even on their healthy life.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of MSDs among dental practitioners in Nellore city of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire for MSDs. All the dental practitioners in Nellore city who were registered in the state dental council and are members of Indian Dental Association were included in the study.

Results:
Neck pain (57.5%) is the most prevalent MSD followed by lower back pain, and wrists and upper back trouble. Elbow pain, lower back, knee, and foot/ankle trouble were more common among males than females and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Neck-related MSDs have shown more amount of reduction in working hours (17.0%) and leisure activity (9.4%) and more doctor consultations (11.3%).

Conclusion:
High prevalence of MSDs exists among the dental practitioners. There is a need for the integration of ergonomic awareness and health promotion with the professional practice for dentists.
Perceived Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies Adopted by Final Year Under Graduate Students at Dental Teaching Institutes in Gujarat – A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Ujariya Urvashi M. , Kothari Anjali K. , Bharatiya Rajendra P. , Patel Ami R. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Dental schools are known to be highly demanding and stressful learning environments. The identification of the potential sources of stress is important in dental education programs to take various measures for preventing stress in the dental school environment.

Aim:
To assess stress perception and coping strategies adopted by final year undergraduates at dental teaching institutes in Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among final year students of dental institutions of Gujarat. The validated and translated questionnaire comprised the modified version of the dental environmental stress scale. A four-point Likert scale was used to record the responses from the participants. The participants were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire about coping strategies. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
Responses were received from 560 students. Out of 27 items, 22 items were reported to be stressful by more than 75% of the students. Six items were reported to be stressful by 100% of the students. Seven items were reported to be highly stressful among 27 items. Focus in problem, detachment, focus on positive, tension reduction, and keeping to self were the only significant predictors for total stress level.

Conclusions:
A contemporary dental school should address potential stress sources effectively. Strategies for stress management must be incorporated and evaluated on a timely basis in dental education to ensure the educational and professional well-being of dental undergraduates.
Landscape of Dental Trials Registered in Clinical Trials Registry-India
Authors: Juneja Atul , Gupta Jyotsna , Yadav Neha , Adhikari Tulsi , Moulik Mohua , Sharma Saurabh , Panchal Yashmin , Rao Mendu Vishnu Vardhana 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Evidence-based practice requires clinical trials to be conducted including dental research. In India, if any clinical trial is to be conducted, it is expected to be registered with the Clinical Trials Registry–India (CTRI) as mandated by regulatory bodies, ethics committees, and journal editors.

Aims and Objective:
The present study has been undertaken to assess the type and trends of dental clinical trials being registered with CTRI over a span of 9 years.

Methodology:
For this, dental/dentistry trials were extracted using the keyword “dentistry” from the Study Type section of the CTRI (http://www.ctri.nic.in).

Results:
The dental trials registration started from just 8 trials in the year 2011 and it has now reached to 400–500 trials from various dentistry disciplines per year. While the registration trends reflect an increase in the number of dental trials registered in CTRI over the years, the number of trials being submitted is low.

Conclusion:
This indicates the need for greater awareness and dissemination at the grassroots level including students and researchers. There is no dearth of dental research and academic institutions in India and the combined efforts of all stakeholders will not only enhance the dental trials registration numbers but also improve the standard of dental research in the country.
Metabolic Acidosis in Multi Drug Poisoning with Antidepressants and Antipsychotics
Authors: Eizadi-Mood Nastaran , Dehghanzad Saba , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Farajzadegan Ziba 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors for the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in patients with multi-drug poisoning, including antidepressants (Ad)/antipsychotics (Ap).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral poisoning center, Khorshid University Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. All patients with multi-drug ingestion, including Ad/Ap, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without metabolic acidosis. Demographic factors, time from ingestion to admission, clinical manifestations, length of hospital stay, and outcome were compared in two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of metabolic acidosis occurrence.

Findings:
Among the 206 evaluated patients, 45 patients (21.8%) had metabolic acidosis whom the majority were female (73.3%) with intentional purposes (77.8%). 31.1% of the patients with metabolic acidosis had tachycardia on admission (P = 0.03). Among all variables, time from ingestion to admission (P = 0.02) and lengths of hospital stay (P = 0.002) were significantly different between patients with and without metabolic acidosis. Tachycardia on admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–4.76; P = 0.036) and time from ingestion to admission (adjusted OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.13; P = 0.04) were also the predictive factors in occurrence of metabolic acidosis. Most of the patients survived without any complications (94.6%), of whom 72.3% had no previous underlying somatic diseases (P = 0.05).

Conclusion:
Admission tachycardia and the time elapsed from ingestion to admission may be considered important factors for predicting metabolic acidosis in multi-drug poisoning, including Ad/Ap.
Consumer's Satisfaction with Community Pharmacies in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Kim Yun Jin , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Fahim Syed Muhammad , Khan Waris Ali , Qian Linchao 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The present research is the first comprehensive cross-sectional study of consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies in Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, the study has also designed a nonorder theoretical model for consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study from a general population of Sindh, Pakistan, with a total of four hundred and fifteen (n = 415) participants. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure between Pharmaceutical services (PS), the Skill of Pharmacists, Non-pharmaceutical services (NPS), and pricing (P). Pearson correlation analysis, Kendall's tau correlation analysis, and Spearman's rho correlation analysis were used to identify the correlation between different factors, such as PS, SKP, NPS, and P.

Findings:
The 23-item scale that consisted of four elements have shown an acceptable root mean squared error of approximation (0.076), Cronbach's alpha (0.787), and Chi-square value (3.381) (P < 0.001). Of the respondents, 56.4% rated their satisfaction on pharmacist attitude, whereas 67.2%, 41.4%, and 51.8% were satisfied with other services, such as receipt provided on medication they take, prescription drug service and availability of pharmacies on the weekend and public holidays, respectively

Conclusion:
This cross-sectional study confirms that there are relationships among PS, SPK, NPS, and P. Moreover, there is a lack of facilities in community pharmacies in Sindh, such as the unavailability of a consultation room, immunization services, information on routine health matters, and medication record.
Assessing the Performance of Community Pharmacies in Iran by Measuring Responsiveness to Non-Medical Needs
Authors: Afifi Saba , Alizadeh Bahmani Amir Hossein , Zarei Leila , Mahi-Birjand Motahareh , Hoorang Mehdi , Zare Marziyeh , Karimzadeh Iman , Peiravian Farzad , Mirjalili Mahtabalsadat , Peymani Payam 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Despite growing debates about the health systems' nonmedical performance, there has not been any empirical research on nonmedical performance and patients' rights consideration as a driver of human rights in the pharmaceutical sector. This study's main objective was to assess the nonmedical performance of community pharmacies of Shiraz, Iran.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using two self-administrated Likert-based questionnaires based on the World Health Organization (WHO) responsiveness framework and the legal charter communicated by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The population was patients older than 18 years who took a prescription from community pharmacies located in Shiraz and willing to answer the questions voluntarily, from 2018 to 2019. Considering the weights of subdimensions of responsiveness provided by the WHO framework, the total score of responsiveness was calculated ranging from 0 to 100.

Findings:
The response rate was 80.5%. The mean (standard deviation) overall score of responsiveness was 57.18 (21.61), with a median of 56.71. The mean score of client orientation was lower in respondents with a high education level than those with a diploma and under diploma (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:
Nonmedical pharmacy performance was considered either medium or high in more than half of the cases based on the participants' views. Regarding client, orientation was seen less often in patients with high education level compared to those with a lower education level.
Efficacy of the Combination of Indomethacin and Methocarbamol versus Indomethacin Alone in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain
Authors: Samsamshariat Shiva , Sharifi-Sade Mehdi , Zoofaghari Shafeajafar , Mehr Asieh Maghami , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Acute low back pain is a common ailment and causes pain and disability. Physicians often prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat acute low back pain; however, due attention has recently been drawn to muscle relaxants to reduce the severity of patients' daily physical dysfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the administration of indomethacin alone compared with methocarbamolas a muscle relaxant and indomethacin as an NSAID on the treatment of acute low back pain.

Methods:
The present double-blind clinical trial was performed on 64 patients with acute low back pain. The patients were categorized into two groups and received the treatments as follows. Indomethacin capsules of 25 mg every 8 h and placebo tablets every 8 h were administered in the first group (Group I). Indomethacin capsules of 25 mg every 8 h and methocarbamol tablets of 500 mg every 8 h were administered in the second group (Group I + M). Patient pain intensity and physical function based on Back Pain Function Scale (BPFS) were recorded before and 1 week after the intervention.

Findings:
The present study results revealed that the mean pain reduction of patients in Group I + M was significantly higher than that of Group I (3.66 ± 3.17 vs. 1.84 ± 1.53; P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean BPFS increase in Group I + M was significantly higher than that of Group I (19.44 ± 8.66 vs. 4.75 ± 4.35; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, concomitant administration of indomethacin and methocarbamol can be more effective in reducing pain intensity and improving the patient's physical function (or performance).
The efficacy and safety of infliximab and calcineurin inhibitors in steroid-refractory UC patients
Authors: Zhao Heng-Nan , Jiang Min , Sun Ming-Jun , Dai Cong 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Infliximab (IFX) and calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine [CYS] and tacrolimus [TAC]) were considered as rescue therapy in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The objective of our study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of IFX and calcineurin inhibitors in steroid-refractory UC.

Methods:
We systematically searched the databases from inception to September 2020 that evaluated IFX, CYS, and TAC in steroid-refractory UC. The primary outcome was the response rates, remission rates, mucosal healing rates, and colectomy rates after therapy initiation. The secondary outcomes were the rates of adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE), and mortality. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:
Nineteen studies comprising 1323 Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) patients were included in the meta-analysis. Among the non-randomized studies, a significantly higher therapeutic response rate was seen with IFX treatment, with a pooled OR of 3.15 (95% CI 2.26–4.40). Among non-randomized studies, IFX was associated with a significantly lower first-year OR (0.46 [95% CI 0.27–0.79]), second-year (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.28–0.97]), third-year (OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.24–0.75]) colectomy rate. But the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) did not suggest any difference between IFX and CYS as rescue therapies for steroid-refractory UC. There were no significant differences among IFX, CYS, and TAC in the rates of AE, SAE, or mortality.

Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis suggested a better treatment response rate and lower risk of colectomy in the first, second and third year, with IFX, compared with CYS in steroid-refractory UC patients. There was no significant difference among IFX and calcineurin inhibitors in AE, SAE, and mortality.
Detection of mutations in NOD2/CARD15 gene in Arab patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Siddique Iqbal , Mustafa Abu S. , Khan Islam , Ziyab Ali H. , Altarrah Munira , Sulaiman Riyas , Kadungothayil Numeer , Shaheed Faraz 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Mutations in NOD2/CARD15 gene have been linked to an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this study is to determine NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations, and their association with the risk of CD in Arabs in Kuwait.

Methods:
Four NOD2 gene mutations, including Pro268Ser (SNP5), Arg702Trp (SNP8), Gly908Arg (SNP12), and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) were examined in Arab CD patients (n = 103) and control subjects (n = 100). The genomic DNA was isolated and used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four sets of specific primers. The PCR-amplified DNA fragments were sequenced and analyzed for the NOD2 mutations. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Of the four genotyped variants, the Arg702Trp (SNP8) and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) variants were not informative in our study sample due to minor allele frequency of <1%. The Pro268Ser (SNP5) mutation was detected in 17 (16.5%) CD patients and 32 (32.0%) controls. The Gly908Arg (SNP12) mutation was observed in 24 (23.3%) patients and 10 (10.0%) controls. In the dominant genetic risk model (i.e. carrying at least one minor allele), CD patients compared to controls were less likely to carry either the “CT” or “TT” genotype of variant Pro268Ser (SNP5; aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.84). In contrast, CD patients compared to controls were more likely to carry the homozygous for the minor allele or the heterozygous genotypes of variant Gly908Arg (SNP12; aOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.19–5.97).

Conclusions:
In this Arab population, carrying at least one copy of the minor allele of Gly908Arg (SNP12) mutation in NOD2 gene was associated with increased susceptibility to CD, while having the heterozygous or homozygous for the minor allele genotype of the Pro268Ser (SNP5) mutation provided protection against CD. Mutations in Arg702Trp (SNP8) and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) were not detected in this sample of the Arab population in Kuwait.