bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: García-Rodríguez Manuel , Vélez Javier Aroztegui , López-Sánchez Aida , Peláez Marta , Perea Ramón 
Published: November 2021

Abstract In the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (central Spain), the population of Iberian wild goat, also known as Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) has grown strongly since its reintroduction three decades ago. The plant community is now under heavy browsing pressure due to this high population. A study of the presence of moss on rocks was used herein as the basis for the design of an indicator, named impact on mosses (im), to describe the environmental pressure exerted by the Iberian wild goat in terms of moss removal. Granite and gneiss zones at medium altitudes with continental Mediterranean climate are the most suitable areas for successful application of the indicator. The hypotheses to test are: (1) the indicator will discriminate between areas with different wild goat pressure levels, (2) wild goat pressure will explain a high proportion of moss loss variance, and (3) the im indicator will be useful to establish a mathematical model between wild goat pressure and moss loss. The proposed indicator was analyzed using both statistical and data science techniques. The results support the mentioned hypotheses. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found regarding the impact on mosses between areas with different levels of Iberian wild goat pressure. Thus, a high proportion of the variance was associated with wild goat pressure (80% for high-pressure areas, 56% for low-pressure areas). A modified parabolic function was fit to express the relationship between Iberian wild goat pressure and impact on mosses. In conclusion, the im indicator was shown to be a useful tool to assess pressure due to Iberian wild goat. Therefore, im can help assess and manage Iberian wild goat populations and determine their sustainable levels.
Tetrathiomolybdate Partially Alleviates Erectile Dysfunction of Type 1 Diabetic Rats Through Affecting Ceruloplasmin/eNOS and Inhibiting Corporal Fibrosis and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Yin Yinghao , Peng Jingxuan , Zhou Jun , Chen Hanfei , Peng Dongyi , Li Dongjie , Gan Yu , Yin Guangming , Tang Yuxin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with erectile dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus (DMED) show a poor effect rate for oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is). Therefore, the new therapeutic strategy is necessary in patients with DMED.

Aim
To investigate whether Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) supplementation could ameliorate DMED by activation of eNOS.

Methods
Twenty-four diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and the other 6 normal rats constituted the control group. Eight weeks later, the erectile function of rats was assessed with an apomorphine test. Only some rats with DMED were treated with TM orally every day for 4 weeks; the other rats remained in the same condition for 4 weeks. After 1 week washout, the erectile function of rats in each group was evaluated. Then, the serum concentration of IL-6 and histologic changes of corpus cavernosum were measured.

Main Outcome Measure
Erectile function was measured after DMED rats treated with TM. The cavernosum level of Ceruloplasmin (Cp), eNOS, endothelial cell content, corporal fibrosis, apoptosis rate and the serum level of IL-6 were also assayed.

Results
Erectile function in the DMED group was significantly impaired compared with the control group and was partly, but significantly, improved in the DMED+TM group. The DMED group showed upregulation of Cp and inhibition of eNOS, but the inhibition was partly reversed in the DMED+TM group. The DMED group showed serious corporal fibrosis. However, TM supplementation partly increased the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen, decreased the ratio of apoptosis. What's more, gavage administration of TM profoundly decreased the serum level of IL-6 in DMED rats.

Conclusion
TM supplementation inhibits endothelial dysfunction, corporal fibrosis, and systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to partial improvement of DMED in rats.
The effect of serum luteinizing hormone on trigger day with a GnRH antagonist protocol in IVF/ICSI treatment
Authors: Hou Yanru , Tian Li , Liu Huixin , Ai Jiajia , Wang Yanbin , Shen Huan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) on trigger day with a Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol in patients receivingin vitrofertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment for pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical documents of patients receiving IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfers from the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018.730 patients were included and divided into three groups by their serum LH level determined on trigger day. All patients were categorized into Group A, Group B, and Group C based on LH concentrations <1.0 IU/L, 1.0–5.0 IU/L, and from 5.0 to 10.0 IU/L on trigger day during the cycle, respectively. Comparisons were made between the three groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in implantation rates between Group A and Group C (24.8% versus 40.1%, respectively,P ​< ​0.05). The clinical pregnancy rates (39.3% versus 54.3%, respectively,P ​= ​0.078) and live birth rate (LBR) (32.1% versus 46.5%, respectively,P ​= ​0.116), though the differences were not significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the OR of Group C for clinical pregnancy (OR ​= ​1.849,P ​= ​0.040) and for LBR (OR ​= ​1.915,P ​= ​0.034) were significant using Group A as the base level.ConclusionsOur study has demonstrated that patients with higher serum LH levels (5.0–10.0 IU/L) on trigger day in the GnRH antagonist protocol may confer better clinical outcomes than those with lower LH levels (<1.0 IU/L).
Defining performance levels in undergraduate otolaryngology education
Authors: Steven R A , McAleer S , Jones S E , Lloyd S K , Spielmann P M , Eynon-Lewis N , Mires G J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study seeks the opinions of qualified doctors on what they feel medical students should learn about otolaryngology. It aims to identify both the content deemed relevant and the performance levels for medical students in otolaryngology.MethodsA national survey developed from a content analysis of undergraduate otolaryngology curricula from the UK was undertaken, accompanied by a review of the literature and input from an expert group. Data were collected from a wide range of doctors.ResultsParticipants felt that graduating students should be able to: recognise, assess and initiate management for common and life-threatening acute conditions; take an appropriate patient history; and perform an appropriate examination for the majority of otolaryngology clinical conditions but manage only a select few.ConclusionThis study reports performance levels for otolaryngology topics at an undergraduate level. Participating doctors felt that a higher level of performance should be expected of students treating life-threatening, acute and common otolaryngology conditions.
Moving beyond Weiss and Springer’sRepatriation and Erasing the Past:Indigenous values, relationships, and research
Authors: Halcrow Siân , Aranui Amber , Halmhofer Stephanie , Heppner Annalisa , Johnson Norma , Killgrove Kristina , Schug Gwen Robbins 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis commentary debunks the poor scholarship inRepatriation and Erasing the Pastby Elizabeth Weiss and James Springer. We show that modern bioarchaeological practice with Indigenous remains places ethics, partnership, and collaboration at the fore and that the authors’ misconstructed dichotomous fallacy between “objective science” and Indigenous knowledge and repatriation hinders the very argument they are espousing. We demonstrate that bioarchaeology, when conducted in collaboration with stakeholders, enriches research, with concepts and methodologies brought forward to address common questions, and builds a richer historical and archaeological context. As anthropologists, we need to acknowledge anti-Indigenous (and anti-Black) ideology and the insidious trauma and civil rights violations that have been afflicted and re-afflicted through Indigenous remains being illegally or unethically obtained, curated, transferred, and used for research and teaching in museums and universities. If we could go so far as to say that anything good has come out of this book, it has been the stimulation in countering these beliefs and developing and strengthening ethical approaches and standards in our field.
Preliminary evaluation of a culturally adapted CBT-based online programme for depression and anxiety from a lower middle-income country
Authors: Latif Madeeha , Awan Falahat , Gul Mirrat , Husain M. Omair , Husain M. Ishrat , Sayyed Kumail , Magsi Taj , Naz Saiqa , Aylem Ozlem , Phiri Peter , Irfan Muhammad , Ayub Muhammad , Naeem Farooq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Online cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), self-help and guided self-help (GSH) interventions have been found to be efficacious and cost-effective for treatment of anxiety and depression, but there are limited data from low- and middle-income countries on culturally adapted digital interventions for these common mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of an online culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CaCBT-GSH) for patients with anxiety and depression in Pakistan. This randomized controlled trial recruited 39 participants from primary care in Karachi, Pakistan and randomized them to two groups. The intervention group received seven modules of CaCBT-GSH plus treatment as usual (TAU) over 12 weeks. The control group was a waitlist control plus TAU. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Clinical outcomes included results from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2). Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks. All 39 individuals who met eligibility criteria for the study agreed to participate. Adherence to the intervention was excellent, with 85% (17/20) completing more than five modules. Statistically significant improvements were found in all clinical outcomes in the intervention group. This was the first trial of an online CaCBT-GSH intervention, which was found to be feasible and acceptable to Pakistani patients with anxiety and depression. CaCBT-GSH may help improve symptoms, depression, anxiety and overall functioning in this population. The results provide rationale for a larger, confirmatory randomized controlled trial of digital CaCBT-GSH.

Key learning aims

(1)
Leveraging digital and virtual platforms to deliver psychosocial interventions may contribute to addressing the significant treatment gap in low-resource settings.

(2)
CBT-informed guided self-help is feasible and acceptable in the treatment of common mental disorders in Pakistan.

(3)
The results of this study merit a larger, appropriately powered confirmatory randomized controlled trial to determine clinical and cost effectiveness.
Detecting and Evaluating Dust‐Events in North China With Ground Air Quality Data
Authors: Tong Pei Feng , Chen Song Xi , Tang Cheng Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a dust‐event detection and tracking procedure based on air quality data from the ground monitoring network by detecting temporal and spatial change‐points in PM10 concentration. It supplements the existing remote sensing based approach with high temporal resolution and better weather adaptivity. Applications of the procedure on the labeled data showed its having high discriminating power for dust events, pollution events, and clean periods. Our study finds changing correlation patterns between PM10 and other air pollutants at the start of the dust events, which are utilized to enhance the discriminating power of the dust‐event detection procedure. The detection and tracking procedure allows the construction of transport networks of the dust‐events as well as the identification of the source regions and the transportation pattern, and assess the intensity and severity of the dust‐events in North China. Our analysis find the dust‐events contributed to 23.3%–34.6% for PM10 and 18.2–33.2% for PM2.5 in the source regions and 2.0%–7.3% and 0.8%–4.0%, respectively, in the down‐stream provinces in the spring season from 2015 to 2020.
Determining Parameters of Whistler Waves Trapped in High‐Density Ducts
Authors: Williams Daniel D. , Streltsov Anatoly V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of identifying the perpendicular and parallel wavelengths (or wave numbers) of the very‐low‐frequency (VLF) whistler‐mode waves trapped inside the high‐density duct. This will be done by using information about the wave frequency, background magnetic field, and plasma density inside and outside of the duct. This data is collected from observations by the Van Allen Probes satellites. We developed a three‐step procedure based on the analysis of the whistler wave dispersion relation and numerical simulations of the electron‐magnetohydrodynamics model. We use this model to identify the parallel and perpendicular wave numbers of the “most trapped” wave. The first two steps of this procedure identify the ranges of the parallel and perpendicular wavelengths of the waves trapped inside the duct. The third step uses numerical simulations to determine the parameters of the “most trapped” wave from the aforementioned ranges. This procedure has been applied to the retrieved data from the Van Allen Probes in order to analyze the structure of VLF waves observed in the equatorial magnetosphere.
Quasilinear Model of Jovian Whistler Mode Emission
Authors: Yoon P. H. , Menietti J. D. , Kurth W. S. , Allegrini F. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe whistler mode chorus emissions are pervasively detected by the Juno satellite in Jupiter’s magnetospheric environment. This article pays particular attention to a sample observation made by the Juno on 3 November 2019, where typical whistler mode chorus waves are measured. The emission is characterized by a broad range of wave frequencies from below fce/2, where fce denotes the local electron cyclotron frequency, down to the lower‐hybrid frequency, with a gradually downshifting frequency over time. The excitation appears to coincide with the detection of a “butterfly” pitch‐angle distribution and the expected loss‐cone feature associated with the energetic electrons. These anisotropic features, especially the butterfly pitch‐angle distribution, gradually disappear as the waves are excited and the electron phase space distribution becomes isotropic. The aim of this article is to model the characteristics by means of quasilinear kinetic theory of the whistler instability driven by a loss‐cone electron distribution function with a narrow loss‐cone angle, which is to be expected from low‐latitude regions of the Jovian magnetosphere. It is shown that the theoretically constructed dynamic wave spectrum is consistent with the observation made on 3 November 2019. The present finding demonstrates that the quasilinear theory can be a powerful theoretical tool for interpreting various Jovian plasma wave emissions, which includes the whistler waves, but also other wave modes.
Ocean Model Formulation Influences Transient Climate Response
Authors: Semmler Tido , Jungclaus Johann , Danek Christopher , Goessling Helge F. , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Rackow Thomas , Sidorenko Dmitry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transient climate response (TCR) is 20% higher in the Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI‐CM) compared to the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) whereas the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is by up to 10% higher in AWI‐CM. These results are largely independent of the two considered model resolutions for each model. The two coupled CMIP6 models share the same atmosphere‐land component ECHAM6.3 developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI‐M). However, ECHAM6.3 is coupled to two different ocean models, namely the MPIOM sea ice‐ocean model developed at MPI‐M and the FESOM sea ice‐ocean model developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). A reason for the different TCR is related to ocean heat uptake in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Specifically, AWI‐CM simulations show stronger surface heating than MPI‐ESM simulations while the latter accumulate more heat in the deeper ocean. The vertically integrated ocean heat content is increasing slower in AWI‐CM model configurations compared to MPI‐ESM model configurations in the high latitudes. Weaker vertical mixing in AWI‐CM model configurations compared to MPI‐ESM model configurations seems to be key for these differences. The strongest difference in vertical ocean mixing occurs inside the Weddell and Ross Gyres and the northern North Atlantic. Over the North Atlantic, these differences materialize in a lack of a warming hole in AWI‐CM model configurations and the presence of a warming hole in MPI‐ESM model configurations. All these differences occur largely independent of the considered model resolutions.
Multiphase Volatilization of Halogens at the Soil‐Atmosphere Interface on Mars
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Zhao Yu‐Yan Sara , Hood Don R. , Karunatillake Suniti , Laczniak Dara , Schmidt Mariek E. , Vithanage Meththika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Martian critical zone, especially its soil‐atmosphere interface, may host an active halogen cycle affecting habitability, as inferred from halogen trends observed in situ at Gusev and Meridiani, along with oxychlorine species detected in situ. However, the sinks and sources of the Martian halogen cycle remain poorly constrained, especially for Br, including the broader geographic significance of halogen volatility in soils. Here, we statistically analyze Br, Cl, and S distribution and associated cations in the soils of Gale Crater and compare the results with soils of Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum. We further place the overall in situ soil trends in the framework of terrestrial natural evaporative halides and Mars‐analog evaporative experiments. We observe three lines of evidence that support preferential volatilization of Br versus Cl and S in Martian soils: (a) Unlike Cl and S, Br abundance decreases from subsurface to surface. (b) Br and Cl abundances correlate strongly at the relatively dust‐free and freshly exposed surface of the active Bagnold dunes, but Br‐Cl correlations weaken and Br concentrations decrease in less mobile surface soil. (c) Laboratory experiments show preferential Br loss over Cl and S under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, consistent with the observed Br loss relative to Cl in Martian soil samples. Overall, these findings generally suggest that soil serves as a source for volatilized halogens. Specifically, soil‐atmosphere multiphase reaction pathways constitute a crucial component missing from purely gas‐phase photochemical models of the halogen cycle.
Machine Learning Mid‐Infrared Spectral Models for Predicting Modal Mineralogy of CI/CM Chondritic Asteroids and Bennu
Authors: Breitenfeld L. B. , Rogers A. D. , Glotch T. D. , Hamilton V. E. , Christensen P. R. , Lauretta D. S. , Gemma M. E. , Howard K. T. , Ebel D. S. , Kim G. , Kling A. M. , Nekvasil H. , DiFrancesco N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlanetary surfaces can be complex mixtures of coarse and fine particles that exhibit linear and nonlinear mixing behaviors at mid‐infrared (MIR) wavelengths. Machine learning multivariate analysis can estimate modal mineralogy of mixtures and is favorable because it does not assume linear mixing across wavelengths. We used partial least squares (PLS) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), two types of machine learning, to build MIR spectral models to determine the surface mineralogy of the asteroid (101955) Bennu using OSIRIS‐REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) data. We find that PLS models outperform lasso models. The cross‐validated root‐mean‐square error of our final PLS models (consisting of 317 unique spectra of samples derived from 13 analog mineral samples and eight meteorites) range from ∼4 to 13 vol% depending on the mineral group. PLS predictions in vol% of Bennu's average global composition are 78% phyllosilicate, 9% olivine, 11% carbonates, and 6% magnetite. Pyroxene is not predicted for the global average spectrum, though it has been detected in small amounts on Bennu. These mineral abundances confirm previous findings that the composition of Bennu is consistent with CI/CM chondrites with high degrees of aqueous alteration. The predicted mineralogy of two previously identified OTES spectral types vary minimally from the global average. In agreement with previous work, we interpret OTES spectral differences as primarily caused by relative abundances of fine particulates rather than major compositional variations.
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induces T cell and cDC1 activation but fails to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Lee Alexander H. , Sun Lu , Mochizuki Aaron Y. , Reynoso Jeremy G. , Orpilla Joey , Chow Frances , Kienzler Jenny C. , Everson Richard G. , Nathanson David A. , Bensinger Steven J. , Liau Linda M. , Cloughesy Timothy , Hugo Willy , Prins Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrimary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are remarkably resistant to immunotherapy, even though pre-clinical models suggest effectiveness. To understand this better in patients, here we take advantage of our recent neoadjuvant treatment paradigm to map the infiltrating immune cell landscape of GBM and how this is altered following PD-1 checkpoint blockade using high dimensional proteomics, single cell transcriptomics, and quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence. Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade increases T cell infiltration and the proportion of a progenitor exhausted population of T cells found within the tumor. We identify an early activated and clonally expanded CD8+ T cell cluster whose TCR overlaps with a CD8+ PBMC population. Distinct changes are also observed in conventional type 1 dendritic cells that may facilitate T cell recruitment. Macrophages and monocytes still constitute the majority of infiltrating immune cells, even after anti-PD-1 therapy. Interferon-mediated changes in the myeloid population are consistently observed following PD-1 blockade; these also mediate an increase in chemotactic factors that recruit T cells. However, sustained high expression of T-cell-suppressive checkpoints in these myeloid cells continue to prevent the optimal activation of the tumor infiltrating T cells. Therefore, future immunotherapeutic strategies may need to incorporate the targeting of these cells for clinical benefit.