bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV prevention and missed opportunities among people with recently acquired HIV infection: Α protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Karakosta Argyro , Ruiz-Burga Elisa , Tariq Shema , Touloumi Giota , Jay Nicholls Emily , Pantazis Nikos , Jarrin Inma , Van der Valk Marc , Sabin Caroline , Mussini Cristina , Meyer Laurence , Volny Anne Alain , Carlander Christina , Grabar Sophie , Wittkop Linda , Spire Bruno , Gill Jonh , Porter Kholoud , Burns Fiona ,   for CASCADE Collaboration
Published: December 2024

Background
Individuals who have recently acquired HIV represent a unique population because the time frame since HIV acquisition is relatively short and identification of missed HIV prevention opportunities is, therefore, closer to real time and less subject to recall bias. Identifying prevention measures used and missed opportunities for using them, can help stop further HIV transmission.

Objectives
This systematic review aims to synthesise current global evidence on uptake of HIV prevention methods among people with recently acquired HIV from 2007, the year that the concept of ART as a prevention method was first introduced.

Methods and analysis
MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Web of Science databases, will be searched for articles published January 2007—December 2023. Eligible studies will be those that reported on HIV prevention methods among people with recently acquired HIV. Quality assessment of the studies selected will be undertaken, and reporting of the systematic review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
The systematic review is expected to provide comprehensive insights into the uptake, use and adherence to HIV prevention methods among individuals with recently acquired HIV. Analysis anticipates identifying gaps in prevention coverage, missed opportunities for intervention, and variations in access to and use of prevention strategies. Sociodemographic, personal, and behavioural factors influencing prevention uptake and adherence will also be synthesised.

Conclusions
The findings will be of key relevance to researchers, healthcare providers including third sector organisations/ community groups and policymakers, as they will offer insight into better understanding of missed or failed HIV prevention efforts and will help ensure future efforts meet the needs of those in need of them.
Whole-genome resequencing reveals collagen-related genes in Kele pigs
Authors: Zhang Yu Dan , Yuan Wei , Bi Huan , Yang Xiao , Zhang Yi Yu , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To verify the accuracy of collagen-specific SNP mutation loci of Kele pigs selected by whole genome resequencing, and to excavate collagen-related genes of Kele pigs, so as to lay a foundation for further molecular selection.

Methods
Based on whole genome resequencing, candidate genes related to collagen trait of Kele pig were screened for gene annotation. Through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis of differential genes, we selected four genes that may affect collagen trait of collagen pig, namely COL9A1, COL6A5, COL4A3 and COL4A4. Then 14 specific SNP sites were randomly selected from the four genes for sanger sequencing verification, and finally RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression levels of related genes in different tissues of Kele pigs.

Results
Our sequencing results revealed that 241.04 G of clean data, Q30 reached 93.96% and the average coverage depth was 9.04×. After data analysis, the SNP annotation of Kele pigs identified 4,570 high-impact mutation sites that could result in protein function loss, with SNPs primarily distributed in the intronic and exonic regions. There were 132,256 middle-impact mutation sites and 318,150 low-impact mutation sites that could potentially impact protein properties. Additionally, The INDEL annotation results revealed a total of 17,806 high-impact mutation sites that could potentially result in the loss of protein function. There were 4740 medium-impact mutation sites that have the potential to affect protein properties, as well as 19,298 low-impact mutation sites. Furthermore, there were 14,197,763 mutation sites of modification influence degree in the analysis. In addition, through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results, we found that the expression levels of collagen-related genes COL9A1 and COL6A5 in skin tissues were higher than those in other tissues, and the expression levels of COL4A4 and COL4A3 in kidney tissues were higher than those in other tissues. The SNP site verification results showed that the 14 SNP mutation sites randomly selected by us were the same as the SNP mutation sites screened by whole genome resequencing.

Conclusion
A total of 307 genes related to collagen traits were excavated, including COL9A1, COL6A5, EP300, SOS2 and EPO, etc. It was found that COL9A1 and COL6A5 genes were significantly expressed in the skin tissue of Kele pigs, and COL4A4 and COL4A3 genes were significantly expressed in the kidney tissue of Kele pigs. The mutations of 14 randomly selected loci in the four related genes were consistent with the results of previous whole genome resequencing analysis, indicating that the specific SNP molecular marker information obtained by whole genome resequencing can be used as the basis for analyzing collagen traits of Kele pig. Our results are conducive to further research on collagen trait regulation of Kele pigs and development and utilization of Kele pigs in the future.
Mortality prediction of inpatients with NSTEMI in a premier hospital in China based on stacking model
Authors: Wang Li , zhang Yu , li Feng , Li Caiyun , Xu Hongzeng 
Published: December 2024

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and death in China. Accurate mortality prediction of inpatient is crucial for clinical decision-making of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients.

Methods
In this study, a total of 3061 patients between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022 diagnosed with NSTEMI were enrolled in this study. A new method based on Stacking ensemble model is proposed to predict the in-hospital mortality risk of NSTEMI using clinical data. This method mainly consists of three parts. Firstly, oversampling technique was used to alleviate the class imbalance problem. Secondly, the feature selection method of Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was selected for effective feature selection. Finally, a unique double-layer stacking model is designed to improve the performance of the algorithm. Seven classical artificial intelligence methods of Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (ADB), Extra Tree (ET), and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) were selected as candidate models for the base model of the first layer of the model, and extreme gradient enhancement (XGBOOST) was selected as the meta-model for the second layer.

Results
Patient were divided into the surviving group and the death group, and a total of 57 clinical features showed statistically significant for the two groups and finally included in the subsequent model. The results show that the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the Stacking model proposed in this paper is 0.987, which is higher than that of LR (0.934), DT (0.946), SVM (0.942), RF (0.948), ADB (0.949), ET (0.938) and GBDT (0.920). At the same time, the proposed Stacking model has higher performance than each single model in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 evaluation indicators.

Conclusions
The Stacking model proposed in this paper can integrate the advantages of LR, DT, SVM, RF, ADB, ET and GBDT models to achieve better prediction performance. This model can provide valuable insights for physicians to identify high-risk patients more precisely and timely, thereby maximizing the potential for early clinical interventions to reduce the mortality rate.
Developing an evaluation approach for the in-depth review of a new undergraduate medical programme as a complex system
Authors: Prozesky Detlef R. , Kebaetse Masego B. , Mogodi Mpho S. , Molwantwa Mmoloki C. 
Published: December 2024

Background
A new undergraduate medical programme was instituted at the University of Botswana in 2009. In 2016, the Faculty of Medicine decided to conduct a comprehensive review of the programme. Participants at a planning workshop decided the review had to lead to an in-depth understanding of the programme. The challenge was to develop an evaluation process to achieve this aim.

Approach
Standards and theories used in other programme evaluations were investigated. A steering committee developed a ‘six-step process’ for the review of the programme as a complex system. The process used three evaluation models and various sources of evaluation standards to derive 90 evaluation questions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using 96 different instruments, with data triangulation prominently featured. Data analysis used an interpretivist approach. The review process was validated against the Cilliers’s ten features of a complex system.

Validation
The review process was validated against Cilliers’s ten features of a complex system. We found that the ‘six-step process’ illuminated each of these features in the MBBS programme in turn, and was therefore a valid way of evaluating this programme as a complex system.

Discussion
In the process of designing and using the ‘six-step process’ to evaluate a complex medical programme important lessons were learnt: starting the process with complexity theory at the forefront; being as inclusive as possible in data collection; also applying complexity theory to the evaluation of smaller programme components as ‘mini-complex systems’; and managing one’s inevitable insider bias.

Conclusion and utility
The ‘six-step process’ as it stands or in adaptation is likely to be useful in similar situations, where evaluators perceive the object of their evaluation to be a complex system, or a component of such a system.
Dileucine ingestion, but not leucine, increases lower body strength and performance following resistance training: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hagele Anthony M. , Krieger Joesi M. , Gaige Connor J. , Holley Kevin F. , Gross Kristen N. , Iannotti Joshua M. , Allen Leah E. , Sutton Paige J. , Orr Logan S. , Mumford Petey W. , Purpura Martin , Jager Ralf , Kerksick Chad M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
The essential amino acid leucine (LEU) plays a crucial role in promoting resistance-training adaptations. Dileucine (DILEU), a LEU-LEU dipeptide, increases MPS rates, however its impact on resistance training outcomes remains unexplored. This study assessed the effects of DILEU supplementation on resistance training adaptations.

Methods
Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, 34 resistance-trained males (age: 28.3 ± 5.9 years) consumed 2 grams of either DILEU monohydrate (RAMPS™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.), LEU, or placebo (PLA) while following a 4-day per week resistance training program for 10 weeks. Changes in body composition, 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and repetitions to failure (RTF) for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP), anaerobic capacity, countermovement jump (CMJ), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were assessed after 0 and 10 weeks.

Results
Significant main effects for time (p < 0.001) were realized for LP and BP 1RM and RTF. A significant group × time interaction was identified for changes in LP 1RM (p = 0.02) and LP RTF (p = 0.03). Greater increases in LP 1RM were observed in DILEU compared to PLA (p = 0.02; 95% CI: 5.8, 73.2 kg), and greater increases in LP RTF in DILEU compared to LEU (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.58, 20.3 reps). No significant differences were found in other measures.

Conclusions
DILEU supplementation at 2 grams daily enhanced lower body strength and muscular endurance in resistance-trained males more effectively than LEU or PLA. These findings suggest DILEU as a potentially effective supplement for improving adaptations to resistance training.
NCT06121869 retrospectively registered.
MiR-595 and Cldnd1: Potential related factors for bone loss in postmenopausal women with hip osteoporotic fracture
Authors: Jingyue Sun , Peixin Liu , Xiao Wang 
Published: December 2024

Background
Recently researches have reported that miRNA and its target genes are associated with osteoporosis. MiRNA and mRNA might be potential diagnostic markers for osteoporosis.

Purposes
The aim of this study is to explore the potential miRNA and mRNA markers by bioinformatics method and clinical analysis.

Patients and methods
The miRNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE74209, GSE64433 and GSE115773 in Gene expression Omnibus (GEO). The mRNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE100609. Wayne intersection were used to explore the different expressed miRNAs (DE-miRs). Select the miRNA with the highest Fold Change for subsequent research. Screening of miRNA target genes using TargetScan and miRDB tools. GO and KEGG analyses of target genes (TGs) function were performed. Validate the selected TGs in the GSE100609. We collected female patients with femural intertrochanteric fractures from July 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023. Patient’s bone marrow and clinical data were collected. MiRNA and the target mRNA differentially expressed in bone marrow were verified through RT-qPCR. All data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test. Using Pearson or Spearman test to detect the correlation between various indicators, and then incorporating indicators related to bone density into multiple linear regression equations. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the final indicators and bone density.

Results
A total of 140 DE-miRs were identified. Set the fold change to “>1” and ultimately include 5 miRNAs. Using miR-595 (highest |log2 FC|) as the subject of subsequent research. 3542 targeted mRNAs were predicted from TargetScan and 362 were from miRDB. 337 TGs were intersected, which were mainly enriched in nucleus. Only Cldnd1 were identified using the GSE100609 dataset. We found that miR-595 was highly expressed in patients with high bone mass, while Cldnd1 was downregulated. There was a strong collinearity between miR-595 and Cldnd1. Further multiple linear regression analysis showed a high correlation between miR-595 and bone density.

Conclusions
These data suggest that miR-595 and Cldnd1 might be related factors for decreased bone mass.
Association of serum selenium with MASLD and liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Wenying , Weng Ting , Song Yufei 
Published: December 2024

Background
The evolution of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD underscores significant advancements and nomenclatural shifts in the realm of chronic liver disorders. This study primarily aimed to investigate the possible link between serum selenium levels and the occurrence of MASLD.

Methods
Utilizing data from NHANES for the years 2017 through 2020, we performed an in-depth analysis. To evaluate the relationship between serum selenium concentrations and the prevalence of MASLD and liver fibrosis, we employed a comprehensive multivariable analysis. This approach accounted for a range of variables to enhance the robustness and reliability of our results by mitigating potential confounding factors.

Results
Through the application of linear regression models, our comprehensive data analysis revealed significant insights. Elevated serum selenium levels exhibited a distinct positive correlation with CAP, whereas an inverse relationship with LSM was observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher serum selenium concentrations were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MASLD, alongside a marked reduction in the probability of liver fibrosis.

Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight a significant positive association between elevated serum selenium levels, CAP, and the prevalence of MASLD, coupled with an inverse relationship with LSM and liver fibrosis.
The Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire-acquired brain injury: Development and evaluation of psychometric properties in a community sample
Authors: Dol Vera Linde , Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Will Eline M. E. , van Sorge Arlette J. , Heutink Joost 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Visual complaints are a common consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI). Yet, they may be overlooked in clinical practice. The present study aims to develop a screening instrument for assessing visual complaints in individuals with ABI and evaluate its psychometrics properties in a community sample.

Methods
We constructed the Dutch Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire-acquired brain injury (SVCq-abi), a self-report 23-item questionnaire. A Dutch community sample of 1159 participants (Mean [SD] age, 60 [16] years) completed the SVCq-abi and other questionnaires on visual disturbances, executive functioning, mental health, and autistic traits. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed for 5 models (1-factor, 3-factor, 5-factor, second-order, and bifactor) on a random split of half of the sample, and cross-validated on the other half. In addition, we evaluated floor and ceiling effects, scale reliability, test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity.

Results
A 5-factor structure of the SVCq-abi was adopted which showed an excellent model of fit, with all item loadings exceeding 0.5. The SVCq-abi subscales demonstrated various floor effects, acceptable scale reliability, moderate to good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.65 to 0.73), along with sufficient convergent (r2 = 9% to 32%) and divergent validity (r2 = 2% to 13%).

Conclusions
The SVCq-abi shows fundamental psychometric properties and the factor analysis provides support for a 5-factor structure. Further validation of the SVCq-abi in individuals with ABI is essential.
Influence of chlorhexidine dentin disinfection on universal adhesive performance: Interfacial adaptation and bond strength assessments
Authors: Turkistani Alaa , Sonbul Helal M. , Almarzouki Mai 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) cavity disinfectant on interfacial microleakage and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of a universal adhesive bonded to dentin in both self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) modes.

Methods
Class I cavities were prepared in the coronal dentin of extracted human teeth and assigned to two etching modes (SE or ER), then subdivided by disinfection with or without CHX (n = 5). Cavities were restored using Single Bond Universal Adhesive and Filtek Z350 XT composite. After 10,000 thermal cycles, interfacial microleakage was assessed on serial B-scans obtained for each specimen using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. For μTBS testing, resin composite was bonded to dentin discs, sectioned into beams, and subjected to tensile load until failure using a universal testing machine. Failure modes in fractured beams were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc at a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare the groups.

Results
Microleakage was not significantly influenced by the etching mode or CHX disinfection (p-value = 0.068). For μTBS, the ER group exhibited the highest values, and CHX disinfection did not significantly alter these results (p-value = 1.000). In contrast, the SE-CHX group displayed significantly lower μTBS than the ER, ER-CHX, and SE groups (p-values of <0.001, <0.001 and 0.012, respectively). ER mode primarily resulted in adhesive failures, regardless of CHX. SE group exhibited both adhesive and cohesive failures, while SE-CHX mostly showed adhesive failures.

Conclusion
The use of CHX disinfectant influences the bonding performance of universal adhesive differently depending on the application mode. Specifically, in the SE mode, CHX adversely affects bond strength to dentin. This suggests that when using universal adhesives in SE mode, clinicians should carefully consider the use of CHX disinfectants, as they may interfere with the adhesive’s effectiveness.
Antibacterial effects of thyme oil loaded solid lipid and chitosan nano-carriers against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli as food preservatives
Authors: Monsef Amirhosein Shabgoo , Nemattalab Mehran , Parvinroo Shirin , Hesari Zahra 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium are frequent causes of foodborne illness affecting many people annually. In order to develop natural antimicrobial agents against these microorganisms, thyme oil (TO) was considered as active antibacterial ingredient. TO contains various bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial properties. To increase the antibacterial effects and stability of thyme oil, two promising carrier systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and chitosan nanoparticles have been fabricated in this study.

Methods
Nanoparticles were made using natural-based lipids and polymers by a probe sonication method. They were characterized using infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size, cytotoxicity, etc. Antibacterial effects of TO, thyme oil loaded in SLN (TO-SLN) and thyme oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticle (TO-CH) was evaluated against E. coli and S. typhimurium using Minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) determination. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug release profile were also studied in vitro.

Results
TEM analysis revealed spherical/ovoid-shaped particles with clear edges. TO-SLN had an average size of 42.47nm, while TO-CH had an average size of 144.8nm. The Encapsulation efficiency of TO–CH and TO–SLN nanoparticles were about 81.6±1% and 73.4±1%, respectively. Results indicated 92% cumulative release in TO-CH in comparison with 88% in TO-SLN in 72 h. MIC against E. coli and S. typhimurium for TO-CH, TO-SLN, and pure TO were 4 and 1.5 μg/mL, 60 and 40 μg/mL, and 180–150 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion
Nanoencapsulation of thyme oil significantly potentiated its antimicrobial effects. TO-CH exhibited a significantly higher antibacterial effect compared to TO-SLN (6-fold) and pure thyme oil (more than 10-fold).