bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siberian plants shift their phenology in response to climate change
Authors: Rosbakh Sergey , Hartig Florian , Sandanov Denis V. , Bukharova Evgenya V. , Miller Tara K. , Primack Richard B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSiberia has undergone dramatic climatic changes due to global warming in recent decades. Yet, the ecological responses to these climatic changes are still poorly understood due to a lack of data. Here, we use a unique data set from the Russian ‘Chronicles of Nature’ network to analyse the long‐term (1976–2018) phenological shifts in leaf out, flowering, fruiting and senescence of 67 common Siberian plant species. We find that Siberian boreal forest plants advanced their early season (leaf out and flowering) and mid‐season (fruiting) phenology by −2.2, −0.7 and −1.6 days/decade, and delayed the onset of senescence by 1.6 days/decade during this period. These mean values, however, are subject to substantial intraspecific variability, which is partly explained by the plants' growth forms. Trees and shrubs advanced leaf out and flowering (−3.1 and −3.3. days/decade) faster than herbs (−1 day/decade), presumably due to the more direct exposure of leaf and flower buds to ambient air for the woody vegetation. For senescence, we detected a reverse pattern: stronger delays in herbs (2.1 days/decade) than in woody plants (1.0–1.2 days/decade), presumably due to the stronger effects of autumn frosts on the leaves of herbs. Interestingly, the timing of fruiting in all four growth forms advanced at similar paces, from 1.4 days/decade in shrubs to 1.7 days/decade in trees and herbs. Our findings point to a strong, yet heterogeneous, response of Siberian plant phenology to recent global warming. Furthermore, the results highlight that species‐ and growth form‐specific differences among study species could be used to identify plants particularly at risk of decline due to their low adaptive capacity or a loss of synchronization with important interaction partners.
Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension and persistent post‐idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache: A narrative review
Authors: Mollan Susan P. , Grech Olivia , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveHeadache is a near‐universal sequela of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The aim of this paper is to report current knowledge of headache in IIH and to identify therapeutic options.BackgroundDisability in IIH is predominantly driven by headache; thus, headache management is an urgent and unmet clinical need. At present, there is currently no scientific evidence for the directed use of abortive or preventative headache therapy.MethodsA detailed search of the scientific literature and narrative review was performed.ResultsHeadache in IIH is driven by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and reduction of ICP has been reported in some studies to reduce headache. Despite resolution of papilledema and normalization of raised ICP, a majority suffer persistent post‐IIH headache. The lack of evidence‐based management approaches leaves many untreated. Where clinicians attempt to manage IIH headache, they use off‐label therapies to target the prevailing headache phenotype. A recent prospective open‐label study demonstrated the effective use of a calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibody therapy in IIH for persistent post‐IIH headache.ConclusionsThere is overwhelming evidence of the headache burden in IIH. Studies are required to investigate the biological foundations of headache related to ICP and to develop treatments specifically directed to manage headache in IIH.
Remaking higher education for the post‐COVID‐19 era: Critical reflections on marketization, internationalization and graduate employment
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Montgomery Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis Special Issue was conceived and developed following a series of international conferences held in Asia, with a particular focus on critically reflecting upon higher education development in the region from broader social and political economy perspectives. Some of the papers in this Special Issue were selected from presentations in the East Asia Social Policy (EASP) Research Network Conference successfully held in Taiwan in 2018, while others were chosen from international events held at Lingnan University in Hong Kong presenting critical reviews and reflections on internationalization, marketization and graduate employment of higher education in Asia. This introductory article puts the discussions of the selected papers in this issue in context, with critical reflections on the key issues being examined in these papers. The Special Issue is published when the world is still confronting the unprecedented global health crisis resulted from the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article discusses the higher education development trends in Asia through the massification, diversification and internationalisation processes in transforming the higher education system and examines how these development trends are affected by the COVID‐19 crisis.
Cicatricial organising pneumonia associated with fibrosing interstitial pneumonia – a clinicopathological study
Authors: Zaizen Yoshiaki , Tabata Kazuhiro , Yamano Yasuhiko , Takei Reoto , Kataoka Kensuke , Shiraki Akira , Nishimura Koichi , Furuyama Kazuto , Bychkov Andrey , Hoshino Tomoaki , Johkoh Takeshi , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Fukuoka Junya 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe recent recognition of cicatricial organising pneumonia (ciOP) indicates that the ciOP may resemble or simulate fibrotic interstitial pneumonia; however, there has been great uncertainty regarding the affected populations, pathogenesis, clinical relevance and characteristics. In this study, we compared the characteristics of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with and without ciOP.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 121 patients from the consultation archive whose pathological findings were fibrotic interstitial pneumonia and for whom follow‐up clinical data were available. We reviewed these cases histopathologically and classified them according to whether or not they showed ciOP. We compared the clinicopathological features between the two groups. CiOP, histopathologically characterised by deposition of dense collagenous fibres within the alveolar space without destruction of the lung structure, was found in 48 patients (39.7%). None of the cases with ciOP experienced acute exacerbation during 12 months’ follow‐up. The group with ciOP had more severe diffusion impairment but this, together with restrictive ventilatory impairment, improved significantly compared to the group without ciOP.ConclusionCiOP is a histopathological finding commonly found in fibrotic interstitial pneumonia. It does not relate to acute exacerbation or decrease in pulmonary function.
Intranasal versus sublingual route of dexmedetomidine sedation in paediatric dentistry: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Shaat Mai A. , Bakry Niveen S. , Elshafie Ahmed M. , Talaat Dalia M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany children experience dental anxiety during dental treatment. Conscious sedation is used to alleviate anxiety and enhance a child's cooperation.AimThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of intranasal versus sublingual dexmedetomidine.DesignForty‐two healthy, uncooperative children participated in the study. They were divided randomly into two groups: In the first visit, Group I received intranasal dexmedetomidine and group II received sublingual dexmedetomidine, whereas at the second visit, the alternate route was implemented in a crossover design. The child's acceptance of drug administration method was assessed using a 4‐point rating scale. Time until optimum sedation was measured. Anxiety during local anesthesia administration was scored using Venham's rating scale. Postoperative response was recorded through Vernon et al’s questionnaire.ResultsThe sublingual dexmedetomidine route was better accepted than the intranasal route (P=0.01), while the latter acted faster (P>0.001). No significant difference in anxiety scores was found between groups at baseline (P=0.84) or during local anesthetic administration (P=0.44). No negative effect was recorded by the parents who answered the Modified Vernon et al questionnaire 24 hour after the dental visit compared to before the dental visit (P=1.00).ConclusionsBoth routes prevented the increase in anxiety scores equally during local anesthesia and do not have negative effect on postoperative behavior of children. However, the sublingual route showed better acceptance with longer onset time of action than the intranasal route.
Evolutionary winners are ecological losers among oceanic island plants
Authors: Fernández‐Palacios José María , Otto Rüdiger , Borregaard Michael K. , Kreft Holger , Price Jonathan P. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Weigelt Patrick , Whittaker Robert J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAdaptive radiation, in which successful lineages proliferate by exploiting untapped niche space, provides a popular but potentially misleading characterization of evolution on oceanic islands. Here we analyse the respective roles of members of in situ diversified vs. non‐diversified lineages in shaping the main ecosystems of an archipelago to explore the relationship between evolutionary and ecological ‘success’.LocationCanary Islands.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsWe quantified the abundance/rarity of the native flora according to the geographical range (number of islands where present and geographical extent of the range), habitat breadth (climatic niche) and local abundance (cover) using species distribution data based on 500 × 500 m grid cells and 2000 vegetation inventories located all over the archipelago.ResultsSpecies of diversified lineages have significantly smaller geographic ranges, narrower climatic niches and lower local abundances than those of non‐diversified lineages. Species rarity increased with the degree of diversification. The diversified Canarian flora is mainly comprised by shrubs. At both archipelagic and island level, the four core ecosystems (Euphorbia scrub, thermophilous woodlands, laurel forest and pine forest) were dominated by non‐diversified lineages species, with diversified lineages species providing <25% cover. Species of diversified lineages, although constituting 54% of the archipelagic native flora, were only abundant in two rare ecosystems: high mountain scrub and rock communities.Main conclusionsRadiated species, endemic products of in situ speciation, are mostly rare in all three rarity axes and typically do not play an important role in structuring plant communities on the Canaries. The vegetation of the major ecosystem types is dominated by plants representing non‐diversified lineages (species that derive from immigration and accumulation), while species of evolutionarily successful lineages are abundant only in marginal habitats and could, therefore, be considered ecological losers. Within this particular oceanic archipelago, and we posit within at least some others, evolutionary success in plants is accomplished predominantly at the margins.
Admissions of COVID‐positive patients to US nursing homes with personal protective equipment or staffing shortages
Authors: Gibson Diane M. , Greene Jessica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUS nursing homes are required to follow Centers for Disease Control guidance for COVID‐19 transmission‐based precautions (TBP) when admitting COVID‐positive patients.ObjectiveTo assess how frequently nursing homes had shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) or staffing in weeks when they admitted COVID‐positive patients, which likely made it more difficult to follow TBP, and to compare facility characteristics by admissions practices.Design and SettingFacility‐level data from the Nursing Home COVID‐19 Public File for the period between June 7, 2020 and March 7, 2021 was combined with additional data. The percentages of nursing homes that admitted COVID‐positive patients and that had shortages when admitting were calculated for each week. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between facility characteristics and the likelihood of admitting COVID‐positive patients.MeasurementsFacilities were categorized as having admitted COVID‐positive patients in a week if one or more admissions requiring TBP were reported for that week. Facilities that reported having less than a 1‐week supply of any type of PPE or being short any type of staff in a week were defined, respectively, as having a PPE shortage or staffing shortage in that week.ResultsOver the 40‐week study period, 39% of US nursing homes admitted COVID‐positive patients in at least 1 week in which they were experiencing PPE or staffing shortages. Facilities that admitted COVID‐positive patients with shortages generally had lower Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services overall five‐star ratings than other facilities. Only a small percentage of facilities that admitted COVID‐positive patients while facing shortages were located in counties with severe shortages of PPE or staffing. In logistic regression models, shortages were not associated with COVID‐positive admissions.ConclusionThe widespread practice of admitting COVID‐positive patients while facing shortages may have put nursing home residents and staff at heightened risk of COVID‐19 infection.
Utility of a short, telephone‐administered version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Jennings Lee A. , Araujo Katy L. B. , Meng Can , Peduzzi Peter , Charpentier Peter , Reuben David B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the ongoing D‐CARE pragmatic trial of two models of dementia care management needed to transition to all data collection by telephone.MethodsFor the first 1069 D‐CARE participants, we determined the feasibility of administering a short 3‐item version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to persons with dementia by telephone and examined the correlation with the full 12‐item version.ResultsThe 3‐item version could be administered by telephone in approximately 6 min and was highly correlated with the full MoCA (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis brief version of the MoCA was feasible to collect by telephone and could be used as an alternative to the full MoCA, particularly if the purpose of cognitive assessment is characterization of study participants.
Hyperinfection by Strongyloides in captive callitrichids with progressive weight loss syndrome
Authors: Conga David F. , de Souza Natalia F. , Jaques Adriana M. C. C. , Benigno Raimundo N. M. , Pereira Washington L. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report three cases of disseminated hyperinfection by Strongyloides in primates Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata in captivity and with progressive weight loss syndrome. Histopathological examination revealed severe lesions in lungs, liver, and intestines with the presence of Strongyloides larvae and in a generalized manner, including other organs such as the pancreas and heart.
A simple microstructural explanation of the concavity of price impact
Authors: Nadtochiy Sergey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article provides a simple explanation of the asymptotic concavity of the price impact of a meta‐order via the microstructural properties of the market. This explanation is made more precise by a model in which the local relationship between the order flow and the fundamental price (i.e., the local price impact) is linear, with a constant slope, which makes the model dynamically consistent. Nevertheless, the expected impact on midprice from a large sequence of co‐directional trades is nonlinear and asymptotically concave. The main practical conclusion of the proposed explanation is that, throughout a meta‐order, the volumes at the best bid and ask prices change (on average) in favor of the executor. This conclusion, in turn, relies on two more concrete predictions, one of which can be tested, at least for large‐tick stocks, using publicly available market data.
MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating the rapid growth of the Phyllostachys edulis culm internode
Authors: Wang Kai‐li , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Heng‐Mu , Lin Xin‐Chun , Xia Rui , Song Lili , Wu Ai‐Min 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a fast‐growing species with uneven growth and lignification from lower to upper segments within one internode. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in post‐transcriptional regulation in plants. However, how miRNAs regulate fast growth in bamboo internodes is poorly understood.

In this study, one moso bamboo internode was divided during early rapid growth into four segments called F4 (bottom) to F1 (upper) and these were then analysed for transcriptomes, miRNAs and degradomes.

The F4 segment had a higher number of actively dividing cells as well as a higher content of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) compared with the F1 segment. RNA‐seq analysis showed DNA replication and cell division‐associated genes highly expressed in F4 rather than in F1. In total, 63 miRNAs (DEMs) were identified as differentially expressed between F4 and F1. The degradome and the transcriptome indicated that many downstream transcription factors and hormonal responses genes were modulated by DEMs. Several miR–target interactions were further validated by tobacco co‐infiltration.

Our findings give new insights into miRNA‐mediated regulatory pathways in bamboo, and will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing rapid growth.
Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life
Authors: Measelle Jeffrey R. , Baldwin Dare A. , Gallant Jelisa , Chan Kathleen , Green Tim J. , Wieringa Frank T. , Borath Mam , Prak Sophonneary , Hampel Daniela , Shahab‐Ferdows Setareh , Allen Lindsay H. , Kroeun Hou , Whitfield Kyly C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWomen reliant on mostly rice‐based diets can have inadequate thiamine intake, placing breastfed infants at risk of thiamine deficiency and, in turn, physical and cognitive impairments. We investigated the impact of maternal thiamine supplementation doses on infants’ cognitive, motor, and language development across the first year. In this double‐blind, four‐parallel‐arm, randomized controlled trial, healthy mothers of exclusively breastfed newborn infants were recruited in Kampong Thom, Cambodia. At 2 weeks postnatal, women (n = 335) were randomized to one of four treatment groups to consume one capsule/day with varying amounts of thiamine for 22 weeks: 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 10 mg. At 2, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of age, infants were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instrument (CREDI). Multiple regression and mixed effects modeling suggest that by 6 months of age, the highest maternal thiamine dose (10 mg/day) held significant benefits for infants’ language development, but generally not for motor or visual reception development. Despite having achieved standardized scores on the MSEL that approximated U.S. norms by 6 months, infants showed a significant drop relative to these norms in both language domains following trial completion, indicating that nutritional interventions beyond 6 months may be necessary.
Multicomponent density models for body composition: Review of the dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry volume approach
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Smith Brooke , Wong Michael , Bennett Jonathan , Ebbeling Cara , Wong Julia M. W. , Strauss Boyd J. G. , Shepherd John 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAccurate and precise body composition estimates, notably of total body adiposity, are a vital component of in vivo physiology and metabolic studies. The reference against which other body composition approaches are usually validated or calibrated is the family of methods referred to as multicomponent “body density” models. These models quantify three to six components by combining measurements of body mass, body volume, total body water, and osseous mineral mass. Body mass is measured with calibrated scales, volume with underwater weighing or air‐displacement plethysmography, total body water with isotope dilution, and osseous mineral mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Body density is then calculated for use in model as body mass/volume. Studies over the past decade introduced a new approach to quantifying body volume that relies on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measurements, an advance that simplifies multicomponent density model development by eliminating the need for underwater weighing or air‐displacement plethysmography systems when these technologies are unavailable and makes these methods more accessible to research and clinical programs. This review critically examines these new dual‐energy X‐ray approaches for quantifying body volume and density, explores their shortcomings, suggests alternative derivation approaches, and introduces ideas for potential future research studies.
Early Life Adversity Is Associated With Diminished Social Trust in Adults
Authors: Mell Hugo , Safra Lou , Demange Perline , Algan Yann , Baumard Nicolas , Chevallier Coralie 
Published: June 2021

Social trust is at the center of democratic societies, but it varies considerably between individuals and cultures. Socioeconomic status has been identified as an important predictor of such variability. Although this association has mostly been reported for measures of socioeconomic status taken in adulthood, recent studies have found unique effects of harsh conditions experienced during childhood on social trust assessed decades later. Here, we report a series of three studies that provide further support for the importance of early childhood conditions in social trust. The first study revealed that higher childhood socioeconomic status was associated with greater social trust in a diverse sample of French participants (N = 915), even after adjusting for current socioeconomic status. The second study confirmed this result using data from the European Values Survey (N = 64,780, 45 countries). In both samples, our analyses revealed that adding childhood socioeconomic status significantly improved the fit of the model thereby providing suggestive evidence of the central role of this variable for explaining variations in social trust. Finally, the last study replicated this association using a behavioral measure of social trust (N = 60 in original study,N = 75 in replication study).