bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Electrolyte Design for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Prospect and Challenges
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Gang , Cheng Haoran , Sun Qujiang , Zhang Junli , Ming Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have dominated the energy market from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles. However, the LIBs applications are limited seriously when they were operated in the cold regions and seasons if there is no thermal protection. This is because the Li+ transportation capability within the electrode and particularly in the electrolyte dropped significantly due to the decreased electrolyte liquidity, leading to a sudden decline in performance and short cycle‐life. Thus, design a low‐temperature electrolyte becomes ever more important to enable the further applications of LIBs. Herein, we summarize the low‐temperature electrolyte development from the aspects of solvent, salt, additives, electrolyte analysis, and performance in the different battery systems. Then, we also introduce the recent new insight about the cation solvation structure, which is significant to understand the interfacial behaviors at the low temperature, aiming to guide the design of a low‐temperature electrolyte more effectively.
Reactivity and Mechanistic Issues in the Photocyclization of Dihalostyryl‐Naphthalenes towards Halo‐[4]helicenes: A Transposition on a Mallory Theme
Authors: Martin Kévin , Melan Caroline , Cauchy Thomas , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most straightforward strategies nowadays for the synthesis of carbo‐ and hetero‐helicenes is the oxidative photocyclization of stilbene derivatives under Mallory conditions. In this study, the reactivity of a series of 3,4‐dihalostyryl‐naphthalenes (Hal=Br, F and Cl) has been investigated using Mallory conditions towards the corresponding halogenated [4]helicene compounds. The difluoro precursor afforded the two isomeric 2,3‐ and 1,2‐difluoro‐[4]helicenes, resulting from the ring closure on the two possible positions of the substituted benzene ring, the dichloro compound led to the formation of a mixture of the two isomeric 2,3 and 1,2‐dichloro‐[4]helicenes together with the 2‐mono‐chloro derivative, while the dibromo precursor provided, unexpectedly, only 2,3‐dibromo‐[4]helicene and the 2‐mono‐bromo derivative. DFT calculations performed on the entire series of precursors, final helicenes and intermediate dihydrohelicenes, including the non‐halogenated congeners, reveal the highly energetically favorable formation of a second dihydrohelicene intermediate following a [1,9]‐hydrogen sigmatropic transposition. Whereas the existence of this transposed dihydrohelicene intermediate, more stable than the initially formed dihydrohelicene by 15–30 kcal/mol, was until now “hidden” in the non‐substituted series, it allows herein to explain its re‐aromatization through formal elimination of HX in order to provide the 2‐mono‐halogenated‐[4]helicene derivatives.
Photoredox‐Induced Deaminative Radical‐Cationic Three‐Component Couplings with N‐Alkylpyridinium Salts and Alkenes
Authors: Seefeldt Paul , Dasi Rajesh , Villinger Alexander , Brasholz Malte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN‐Benzyl‐ and N‐2°‐alkylpyridinium salts were engaged in visible‐light‐driven, photoredox‐induced radical‐cationic three‐component couplings with N‐methylmaleimide and acrylonitrile as radical acceptors, in combination with 1,1‐diarylethylenes as donor alkenes. These multicomponent coupling reactions could be achieved under mild conditions, with high efficiency, and to furnish diverse 3,4‐disubstituted pyrrolidin‐2,5‐dione products with high stereoselectivity. In addition, 2,3‐diaryl‐1,3‐butadienes could be utilized as alternative donor alkene components, to furnish diastereomerically pure 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 1,3‐butadienes as the coupling products.
Non‐Chromatographic Purification of Synthetic RNA Using Bio‐Orthogonal Chemistry
Authors: He Muhan , Wu Xunshen , Mao Song , Haruehanroengra Phensinee , Khan Irfan , Sheng Jia , Royzen Maksim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolid‐phase synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides over 100 nt in length remains challenging due to the complexity of purification of the target strands from the failure sequences. This article describes a non‐chromatographic procedure that will enable routine solid‐phase synthesis and purification of long RNA strands. The optimized five‐step process is based on bio‐orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels‐Alder chemistry between trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz), and entails solid‐phase synthesis of RNA on a photo‐labile support. The target oligonucleotide strands are selectively tagged with Tz while on‐support. After photocleavage from the solid support, the target oligonucleotide strands can be captured and purified from the failure sequences using immobilized TCO. The approach can be applied for purification of 76‐nt long tRNA and 101‐nt long sgRNA for CRISPR experiments. Purity of the isolated oligonucleotides should be evaluated using gel electrophoresis, while functional fidelity of the sgRNA should be confirmed using CRISPR‐Cas9 experiments. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Five‐step non‐chromatographic purification of synthetic RNA oligonucleotidesSupport Protocol 1: Synthesis of the components that are required for the non‐chromatographic purification of long RNA oligonucleotides.Support Protocol 2: Solid‐phase RNA synthesis
c‐Myb facilitates immune escape of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through the miR‐145‐5p/SPOP/PD‐L1 axis
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Xiaohui , Li Yunfei , Han Jing , Gao Xianzheng , Li Shenglei , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a subtype of esophageal carcinoma, is a severe health problem associated with high death rate and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has proven to be effective in many solid tumors, including EAC, but immune escape blocks its effectiveness. Thus, we explored the mechanisms and functional role of c‐Myb in immune escape of EAC cells. Clinical EAC tissues were collected for determining the expression of c‐Myb, speckled POZ protein (SPOP), and miR‐145‐5p. Functional assays were then performed to detect the interactions between c‐Myb and SPOP as well as between SPOP and miR‐145‐5p. EAC cell invasion and migration were assessed. Next, T cells were sorted and cocultured with EAC cells with different treatments followed by detection of T‐cell viability. In addition, a mouse model of EAC was constructed for relevant in vivo assays. c‐Myb and miR‐145‐5p were highly expressed and SPOP had low expressions in EAC. c‐Myb activated the transcription of miR‐145‐5p, which in turn targeted SPOP. Further, SPOP accelerated the ubiquitination of PD‐L1 to enhance its expression. Overexpression of PD‐L1 suppressed T‐cell functions and promoted proliferative and migrative abilities of EAC cells to induce immune escape. The above findings were also confirmed in the ECA mouse model in vivo. Our findings uncovered that c‐Myb can promote the immune escape of EAC cells by favoring the transcription of miR‐145‐5p and inhibiting SPOP‐dependent ubiquitination and degradation of PD‐L1, thus, presenting new target for EAC adjunct therapy.
Cardiac remodelling predicts outcome in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Xu Lingyu , Pagano Joseph , Chow Kelvin , Oudit Gavin Y. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Mikami Yoko , Howarth Andrew G. , White James A. , Howlett Jonathan G. , Dyck Jason R.B. , Anderson Todd J. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Thompson Richard B. , Paterson D. Ian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsSurveillance imaging is often used to detect remodelling, a change in cardiac geometry, and/or function; however, there are limited data in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We sought to characterize cardiac remodelling in patients with chronic HF and evaluate its association with outcome.Methods and resultsA prospective cohort of patients at risk for HF or with chronic HF underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at baseline and 1 year. Ventricular function, volumes, mass, left atrial volume, global longitudinal strain, and myocardial scar were measured. The primary outcome was a composite of death or cardiovascular hospitalization up to 5 years from the 1 year scan. Cox regression was used to identify 1 year CMR predictors of outcome after adjusting for baseline risk. A total of 262 patients (median age 68 years, 57% males) including 96 at risk for HF, 97 with HF and preserved ejection fraction, and 69 with HF and reduced ejection fraction were included. In the patients with HF, 55 events were identified during follow‐up. After adjustment for baseline clinical risk, Cox proportion hazard regressions only identified 1 year change in left ventricular (LV) mass index as a CMR predictor of outcome, adjusted hazard ratio 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) per 10% increase, P = 0.031. Cardiac remodelling defined as a 1 year change in LV mass index ≥15% was observed in 35% of patients with HF. Patients with adverse remodelling of LV mass index had more events on Kaplan–Meier analyses compared to those with no remodelling, log‐rank P = 0.004 for overall cohort, P = 0.035 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and P = 0.035 for heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.ConclusionsCardiac remodelling is common during serial CMR assessment of patients with chronic HF. Change in LV mass predicted long‐term outcomes whereas change in left ventricular ejection fraction did not.
The Merger of Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer with Transition Metal Catalysis for C−H Functionalization of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Authors: Ye Ziqi , Lin Yu‐Mei , Gong Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCatalytic C(sp3)−H functionalization can convert abundant feedstock hydrocarbons into value‐added products in an atom‐ and step‐economic manner and is a powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, the intrinsic chemical inertness of ubiquitous aliphatic C−H bonds of alkanes and cycloalkanes makes their direct and selective functionalization extremely challenging. Recently, some elegant strategies have been developed to solve the problems based on the merger of photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with transition metal catalysis. Light‐induced HAT processes are employed to initiate the alkyl radical generation, which is synergistic with metal catalysis involving for example nickel, copper, cobalt, cerium, chromium, or manganese. The different metal catalysts provide redox adjustment, Lewis acid activation or other functionalities and tune the reactivity and selectivity of the radical‐mediated sequences, allowing the development of diverse chemo‐, site‐, and/or stereoselective synthetic reactions. In this minireview, we offer a brief summary of the recent advances in dual photo‐induced HAT and transition metal catalysis for C−H functionalization of alkanes and cycloalkanes. We expect that these methodologies will stimulate the applications in catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and other related fields.
Halide perovskite for low‐power consumption neuromorphic devices
Authors: Raifuku Itaru , Chao Yung‐Pin , Chen Hong‐Hsueh , Lin Chen‐Fu , Lin Pei‐En , Shih Li‐Chung , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Chen Jung‐Yao , Chen Jen‐Sue , Chen Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid emergency of data science, information technology, and artificial intelligence (AI) relies on massive data processing with high computing efficiency and low power consumption. However, the current von‐Neumann architecture system requires high‐energy budget to process data computing and storage between central computing unit and memory. To overcome this problem, neuromorphic computing system which mimics the operation of human brain has been proposed to perform computing in an energy‐efficient manner. Recently, organic–inorganic halide perovskite compounds have been demonstrated as promising components for neuromorphic devices owing to their strong light absorption, solution processability, and unique properties such as ion migration, carrier trapping effects and phase transition. In this review paper, we report recent advances of neuromorphic devices which employed organic–inorganic halide perovskite compounds by analyzing their fundamental operating mechanisms, device architectures, applications and future prospective.image
Deep learning approaches for improving prediction of daily stream temperature in data‐scarce, unmonitored, and dammed basins
Authors: Rahmani Farshid , Shen Chaopeng , Oliver Samantha , Lawson Kathryn , Appling Alison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBasin‐centric long short‐term memory (LSTM) network models have recently been shown to be an exceptionally powerful tool for stream temperature (Ts) temporal prediction (training in one period and predicting in another period at the same sites). However, spatial extrapolation is a well‐known challenge to modelling Ts and it is uncertain how an LSTM‐based daily Ts model will perform in unmonitored or dammed basins. Here we compiled a new benchmark dataset consisting of >400 basins across the contiguous United States in different data availability groups (DAG, meaning the daily sampling frequency) with and without major dams, and studied how to assemble suitable training datasets for predictions in basins with or without temperature monitoring. For prediction in unmonitored basins (PUB), LSTM produced a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 1.129°C and an R2 of 0.983. While these metrics declined from LSTM's temporal prediction performance, they far surpassed traditional models' PUB values, and were competitive with traditional models' temporal prediction on calibrated sites. Even for unmonitored basins with major reservoirs, we obtained a median RMSE of 1.202°C and an R2 of 0.984. For temporal prediction, the most suitable training set was the matching DAG that the basin could be grouped into (for example, the 60% DAG was most suitable for a basin with 61% data availability). However, for PUB, a training dataset including all basins with data was consistently preferred. An input‐selection ensemble moderately mitigated attribute overfitting. Our results indicate there are influential latent processes not sufficiently described by the inputs (e.g., geology, wetland covers), but temporal fluctuations can still be predicted well, and LSTM appears to be a highly accurate Ts modelling tool even for spatial extrapolation.
A robust and interpretable gene signature for predicting the lymph node status of primary T1/T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghantous Yasmin , Omar Mohamed , Broner Esther Channah , Agrawal Nishant , Pearson Alexander T. , Rosenberg Ari J. , Mishra Vasudha , Singh Alka , El‐naaj Imad Abu , Savage Peter A. , Sidransky David , Marchionni Luigi , Izumchenko Evgeny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects more than 30 000 individuals in the United States annually, with smoking and alcohol consumption being the main risk factors. Management of early‐stage tumors usually includes surgical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy in certain cases. The cervical lymph nodes (LNs) are the most common site for local metastasis, and elective neck dissection is usually performed if the primary tumor thickness is greater than 3.5 mm. However, postoperative histological examination often reveals that many patients with early‐stage disease are negative for neck nodal metastasis, posing a pressing need for improved risk stratification to either avoid overtreatment or prevent the disease progression. To this end, we aimed to identify a primary tumor gene signature that can accurately predict cervical LN metastasis in patients with early‐stage OSCC. Using gene expression profiles from 189 samples, we trained K‐top scoring pairs models and identified six gene pairs that can distinguish primary tumors with nodal metastasis from those without metastasis. The signature was further validated on an independent cohort of 35 patients using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which it achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and accuracy of 90% and 91%, respectively. These results indicate that such signature holds promise as a quick and cost effective method for detecting patients at high risk of developing cervical LN metastasis, and may be potentially used to guide the neck treatment regimen in early‐stage OSCC.
Section 806 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley act: Can the fraud triangle prevent fraud in the finance sector?
Authors: Bertucci Ashley , Skufca Tyler , Boyer‐Davis Stacy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSection 806 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 provided an important update to whistleblower protection laws in the United States. The fraud triangle can be an important aspect of corporate wrongdoing. The concern is whether the fraud triangle can actually prevent fraud. Special focus is placed on the finance sector in the Unites States. Three cases in the finance sector were examined based on their whistleblower complaints filed under the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Whistleblower protections following SOX were analyzed. The focus is on the Dodd‐Frank Act of 2010. A conclusion was reached explaining the effectiveness of whistleblower protections under the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002.
Seurat games on Stockmeyer graphs
Authors: Egrot Rob , Hirsch Robin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe define a family of vertex colouring games played over a pair of graphs or digraphs by players and . These games arise from work on a longstanding open problem in algebraic logic. It is conjectured that there is a natural number such that always has a winning strategy in the game with colours whenever . This is related to the reconstruction conjecture for graphs and the degree‐associated reconstruction conjecture for digraphs. We show that the reconstruction conjecture implies our game conjecture with for graphs, and the same is true for the degree‐associated reconstruction conjecture and our conjecture for digraphs. We show (for any ) that the 2‐colour game can distinguish certain nonisomorphic pairs of graphs that cannot be distinguished by the ‐dimensional Weisfeiler–Leman algorithm. We also show that the 2‐colour game can distinguish the nonisomorphic pairs of graphs in the families defined by Stockmeyer as counterexamples to the original digraph reconstruction conjecture.
Simulating the I‐V characteristics of an ultrathin IGZO‐based thin film transistor using finite element method
Authors: Hussien Salma A. , Abdellatif Sameh O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThin film transistors (TFTs) are ranked as one of the promising field‐effect transistors in the electronic industry. TFTs showed a great potential in many applications where liquid crystal displays, touchscreens, and biosensors are of the leading. In the current study, we are demonstrating a numerical carrier transport model based on finite element method (FEM), to investigate InGaZnO (IGZO) based TFTs. Amorphous silicon TFT has been simulated as a bare device. The impact of scaling down the dimension of the TFT, up to 30 nm channel length, on the output performance characteristics of the transistor has been addressed. Additionally, the effects of active semiconductor layer doping concentration and oxide layer thickness have been investigated. Moreover, a novel approach is introduced to correlate the selected input design parameters with a set of characteristic outputs including threshold voltage, on/off current ratio, and subthreshold swing. The proposed model correlates input and outputs using a characteristic matrix with nine coefficients, making it possible to predict, that is, interpolate, the characteristic outputs within the system boundaries. The suggested model was verified with respect to input data as well as data from the literature showing a very acceptable agreement.
Organic material with balanced C‐nutrient stoichiometry and P addition could improve soil P availability with low C cost
Authors: Fei Chao , Zhang Shirong , Feng Xionghan , Ding Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarbon (C) addition to promote phosphorus (P) turnover by microbes is recommended to increase soil P availability. The C‐nutrient stoichiometry of organic materials (OM) are the primary factors in controlling soil P availability and C storage.MethodsA pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different organic matter (OM) with equal carbon input [soybean dregs (SD), chicken manure (CM), and vermicompost (VC), 1000 mg C kg–1 soil] under three P levels (0, 10, and 20 mg P per kg dry soil) on soil P availability, C content, and plant growth in high P fixing soils.ResultsPlant biomass and shoot P content were significantly increased in P and OM addition treatment. Application of OM or P alone had no effect on soil available P (AP) but increased the microbial P (MBP). Compared with P addition alone, soil potential AP pool (the sum of soil AP and MBP content) was increased by 89%–200% in both OM and P addition soil. Soil potential AP pool and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in VC treatment were significantly increased compared with those in CM and SD treatments. On day 60, compared with VC treatment, SD and VC treatments significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) but decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, in which ALP was negatively correlated with SOC and net C balance.ConclusionA small amount of P and vermicompost addition, which had a balanced carbon‐nutrient stoichiometric ratio, was an effective measurement in improving soil AP pool and C content in P‐fixing soil.
Potato root and leaf phosphatase activity in response to P deprivation
Authors: Kavka Mareike , Korn Kati , Hazarika Mousumi , Bachmann‐Pfabe Silvia , Uptmoor Ralf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlants are not able to take up organically bound phosphorus (P) before it is hydrolyzed by extracellular phosphatases while intracellular phosphatases play a role in P remobilization.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate intra‐ and extracellular acid phosphatase activity as well as root and shoot growth of two modern starch potato cultivars at different levels of P deprivation.MethodsIn vitro propagated potato plantlets (cultivars Kuba and Cardoso) were grown in sand and fertigated with five different P concentrations, ranging from 1 to 0.05 mM P. Growth parameters, plant P concentrations, and acid phosphatase activities were determined after 40 days.ResultsShoot and root biomass decreased gradually with decreasing P supply, while the root‐to‐shoot ratio increased. Shoot P concentration decreased steadily, but root P concentration remained constant at P levels below 0.5 mM. Root‐associated and root intracellular acid phosphatase activity increased in both cultivars with rising levels of P deprivation. The activity of acid phosphatases in old but not in young leaves was increased with P deprivation. Intracellular acid phosphatase activity was genotype dependent, with higher activity in the cultivar Kuba than in Cardoso.ConclusionsOur results point to a tissue specific regulation of acid phosphatase activity depending on plant P status and potato genotype. Increasing root‐associated acid phosphatase activities may help P starved potato plants to ensure a sufficient P nutrition. Further research is needed to unravel the roles of leaf intracellular acid phosphatases in potato.