bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIM32 regulates insulin sensitivity by controlling insulin receptor degradation in the liver
Authors: Thakur Shilpa , Rawat Priya , Dehury Budheswar , Mondal Prosenjit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Impaired insulin receptor signaling is strongly linked to obesity-related metabolic conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exact mechanisms behind impaired insulin receptor (INSR) signaling in obesity induced by a high-fat diet remain elusive. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32), as a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling that targets the insulin receptor (INSR) for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. HFD induces the nuclear translocation of SREBP-1c (Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1c), resulting in increased expression of TRIM32 in hepatocytes. TRIM32 ubiquitylates INSR and facilitates its proteasomal degradation, leading to severe insulin resistance and fat accumulation within the liver of high-fat diet induced obese (DIO) mice. Conversely, liver-specific knockdown of TRIM32 enhances INSR expression and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Reduced AMPK signaling and phosphorylation of SREBP-1c at S372 in high-fat DIO mice promotes the nuclear translocation of SREBP-1c, leading to increased TRIM32 expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TRIM32 promotes diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance by targeting the INSR to degradation.
RAGE is a key regulator of ductular reaction-mediated fibrosis during cholestasis
Authors: Lam Wai-Ling Macrina , Gabernet Gisela , Poth Tanja , Sator-Schmitt Melanie , Oquendo Morgana Barroso , Kast Bettina , Lohr Sabrina , de Ponti Aurora , Weiß Lena , Schneider Martin , Helm Dominic , Müller-Decker Karin , Schirmacher Peter , Heikenwälder Mathias , Klingmüller Ursula , Schneller Doris , Geisler Fabian , Nahnsen Sven , Angel Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ductular reaction (DR) is the hallmark of cholestatic diseases manifested in the proliferation of bile ductules lined by biliary epithelial cells (BECs). It is commonly associated with an increased risk of fibrosis and liver failure. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was identified as a critical mediator of DR during chronic injury. Yet, the direct link between RAGE-mediated DR and fibrosis as well as the mode of interaction between BECs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to drive fibrosis remain elusive. Here, we delineate the specific function of RAGE on BECs during DR and its potential association with fibrosis in the context of cholestasis. Employing a biliary lineage tracing cholestatic liver injury mouse model, combined with whole transcriptome sequencing and in vitro analyses, we reveal a role for BEC-specific Rage activity in fostering a pro-fibrotic milieu. RAGE is predominantly expressed in BECs and contributes to DR. Notch ligand Jagged1 is secreted from activated BECs in a Rage-dependent manner and signals HSCs in trans, eventually enhancing fibrosis during cholestasis.
Kirschner's Wire versus Casts in Wrist Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Brandon , Talbot Stephanie , Jassim Samher , Quinn Eoghain Paul , Shaalan Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Distal radius fractures are a common orthopaedic injury with several treatment methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize the results of the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compare the functional outcomes and rates of complications in Kirschner's wire (K-wire) fixation versus cast immobilization in the management of distal radius fractures.
Materials and Methods A systematic electronic search of Embase, PubMed, and Scopus was performed from inception through to July 26, 2024. All articles addressing RCTs comparing plaster cast immobilization and K-wire fixation in distal radius fractures were included. This study was performed according to the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool for RCTs.
Results A total of nine studies with 1,097 patients (580 and 517 who underwent cast immobilization and K-wire fixation, respectively) were included for analysis. There was a significantly higher risk of complications (risk ratio [RR]: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.78; p = 0.02) and malunion (RR: 9.03, 95% CI: 2.57–31.75; p = 0.0006) in cast immobilization than K-wiring. There was also a significant difference in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at 12 months (mean difference: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.10–1.52; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in other outcomes that could be meta-analyzed such as range of motion and grip strength. There was also no significant difference in other complications such as chronic regional pain syndrome, finger stiffness, and osteoarthritis.
Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly higher risk of total adverse events and malunion in cast immobilization than K-wiring as well as a significant difference in PRWE scores at 12 months. Our results thus suggest that K-wiring is more favorable than cast immobilization in the management of distal radius fractures.
Patellar Instability after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Swartz Gabrielle , Abdo Zuhdi E. , Bains Sandeep S. , Dubin Jeremy A. , Hameed Daniel , Nandi Sumon , Mont Michael A. , Delanois Ronald E. , Scuderi Giles R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPatellar instability following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare, yet serious complication, potentially requiring revision surgery or resulting in chronic dysfunction. When encountered, it is paramount to understand the etiologies, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and outcomes of the selected treatment. The most common cause of patella instability is improper positioning of components, leading to lateral maltracking of the patella. Factors such as internal rotation and/or medialization of femoral or tibial components and lateralization of the patellar button have been identified as factors that contribute to instability. Additionally, a longstanding valgus deformity of the knee may exacerbate patella maltracking. Patients typically present with anterior knee pain, worsened by activities like stair climbing, and may report sensations of giving way. Radiographs and computed tomography scans aid in evaluating component positioning and rotation. Operative intervention is often necessary, with options ranging from soft tissue realignment to component revision. Lateral retinacular release is a common approach, although it is associated with complications such as osteonecrosis of the patella. Proximal or distal realignment procedures may be required if instability persists. Some recent case reports have also described medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction as a treatment modality, but more investigation on the topic is still pending. It is important that the treatment strategy address the underlying cause, as failure to do so may result in recurrent instability. The best way to avoid patella instability is to pay attention to all the details of component position and soft tissue balance during the index procedure.
Comparing experimental and numerical approaches in the analysis of n-TiO2/p-Si photodiodes
Authors: Karaca Abdullah , Yıldız D E , Yıldırım Murat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heterojunction photodiodes consisting of n-TiO2/p-Si were produced using the ALD method on a single-sided polished p-type Si wafer. The characteristics of the Al/TiO2/Si/Al heterojunction device were assessed through current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The ideality factor (n) and the light-detecting characteristics of the photodiode, investigations on photosensitivityresponsivity specific detectivity (*D)and noise equivalent power (NEP) were conducted based on the correlation between photocurrent and light intensity. The photo-response efficiency was evaluated through transient photocurrent (I-t) assessments across varying light power levels. The I-V curve examination under various illumination sources revealed that the photodiode's responsiveness increased as the TiO2 thickness decreased. The impact on the characteristic capabilities of the n-TiO2/p-Si heterostructure as the TiO2 film thickness increased was scrutinized in relation to layer resistance and structural defect states. Consistent results were obtained through experimental investigations, with comparative analyses conducted between theoretical and experimental data to validate the findings.&#xD;
Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy image aberration correction method based on multi-feature fusion residual network
Authors: Wang XiaoLi , Luo YanLi , Wang Hao , Li Jie , Wang Yan , Wang Xinbo , Lin Zechuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Abstract&#xD;Objective: The study aims to address optical aberrations caused by sample non-uniformity or imaging system deviations in Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM), a technique enabling high-resolution microscopic imaging with a large field of view. The proposed approach involves utilizing a multi-feature fusion residual network method for aberration correction, leveraging residual networks and multi-scale convolutional kernels to extract deep residual features and enhance the ability to capture relevant image characteristics.&#xD;Approach: This method optimizes network performance using grouped convolutions and attention mechanisms without significantly increasing the parameter count. By combining Zernike modes, accurate estimation and correction of aberrations are achieved, leading to a significant improvement in imaging quality.&#xD;Main results: The research demonstrates the effective correction of aberrations using this method, enabling high-resolution image reconstruction while preserving rich texture details. Validation results based on simulated and real images showcase the method's efficacy.&#xD;Significance: By introducing the multi-feature fusion residual network method, this study addresses a significant challenge posed by aberrations in FPM, enhancing imaging quality and offering a new effective approach for high-resolution microscopic imaging. This has important implications for fields such as biomedicine that demand strict image quality standards. Keywords: Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy; Aberration Correction; Multi-Feature Fusion; Residual Network; Zernike Modes&#xD;
Green fabrication of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and their photocatalytic, antibacterial, wound healing and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Priya P Vengatesh , Jeyasundari J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the current investigation, the green synthesis of TiO2, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite (NC) from the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa (T.C) leaves and the assessment of their photocatalytic, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. The synthesized NPs and NC was characterized in order to know the optical, structural, morphological and composition etc. According to the XRD analysis, crystallites size 24 nm was measured for TiO2-ZnO NC. The optical properties of composite revealed that the band energy (Eg) was found to be 2.9 eV. FT-IR and XPS were used to confirm the functional groups of T.C extract, metal oxide stretches, surface interfaces and chemical state. HR-TEM micrographs confirmed the particle size (21–27 nm) and spherical morphology. SEM for NC revealed small particles with high tendencies to form larger spherical agglomerations. EDX spectra for the composites revealed the elemental composition of metal oxides with plant extract. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of NC in aqueous solution of Methylene Blue (MB) dye was investigated under visible light irradiation. The high photodegradation efficiency value of NC observed at 45 min was 98%. In the MTT assay, TiO2-ZnO NC exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects on fibroblast cells (L929 cell line). In addition, diameter inhibition zones demonstrated that NC showed dose-dependent bacterial activities against various disease-causing strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results of wound scratch assay showed that NC enhanced the cell migration and proliferation with noticeable cell shrinkage observed in the wound model. The present study indicates that the green synthesis of TiO2-ZnO NC from T.C aqueous leaf extract has the potential to be used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants and as an antibacterial agent against various disease-causing pathogens and hence could be useful for developing wound healing drugs.
Enhancement of 316 L stainless steel mechanical properties through TiC particle introduction via metal powder injection molding
Authors: Da Gu , Dun Wu , Zexu Chen , Zheng Cao , Junfeng Cheng , Dong Wang , Xiangyu Lu , Chunlin Liu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal powder injection molding (MIM) has been a popular technique in production of alloy materials. Through this technique, near-net-shape alloy products can be molded with one-step production. Stainless steel 316 L (SS 316 L) is an important material in aerospace and marine industry for its excellent material strength and resistance to corrosion. As the industry grows with upgraded techniques, the standard for next generation material strength has improved tremendously. Here we present a practical method strengthening SS 316 L via MIM technique, which might provide a pathway for exploration of high strength materials. TiC was introduced into SS 316 matrix with polyoxymethylene (POM) binder. The metallography indicates that the introduction of TiC facilitates the refinement of the 316 L grain. As the TiC content increases from 0 wt% to 3 wt%, the material properties improve significantly, including a rise in hardness from 151 HV to 301 HV, tensile strength from 689 MPa to 792 MPa, and yield strength from 221 MPa to 339 MPa. Additionally, there is a noticeable reduction in the coefficient of friction and the wear cross-section.
Tailoring magnetic exchange coupling in Zr2Co11/FeCo nanocomposites via dual-source inert gas condensation: a one-step synthesis approach
Authors: Yao Yin , Sun Yan , Sun Jianzhe , Bai Jianhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the synthesis and magnetic properties of Zr2Co11/FeCo nanocomposites via a one-step dual-source inert gas condensation method. The composite particles were prepared with varying FeCo mass percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%), and their structural and magnetic characteristics were examined. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful integration of FeCo into the Zr2Co11 matrix. Magnetic measurements revealed enhanced saturation magnetization and effective exchange coupling in Zr2Co11/FeCo-1 and Zr2Co11/FeCo-2. However, excessive FeCo in Zr2Co11/FeCo-3 resulted in less efficient coupling, as indicated by kinks in the hysteresis loop and negative regions in the Henkel plot. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing FeCo content to achieve superior magnetic properties, offering potential for advanced magnetic materials.
Flow cytometry evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia minimal residual disease based on an understanding of the normal maturation patterns in the blast compartments
Authors: Roshal Mikhail , Gao Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Detection of minimal/measurable disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical for both clinical decision-making and prognostication, yet remains a challenge. Flow cytometry is a well-established method for MRD detection. Flow cytometric (FC) evaluation of MRD must consider a complex maturational pattern of normal hematopoietic development to separate normal from abnormal progenitors. Here, we offer an example of an interpretive approach based on a thorough understanding of stage- and lineage-specific hematopoietic maturation.

Methods
We provide a comprehensive overview of blast maturation from early precursors (hematopoietic stem cells) to committed late-stage unilineage progenitors and commonly observed stage-specific abnormalities based on cases we have encountered in practice. We emphasize the importance of stage-specific comparisons for accurate MRD detection by flow cytometry.

Results
The AML blasts almost invariably show abnormal phenotypes, and the phenotypes may evolve upon therapy. The detected phenotypes are necessarily confined to the target antigens included in the panel. It is therefore critical to evaluate a range of antigens to establish a specific stage/state of lineage commitment and detect potential common abnormalities. Moreover, enough cells must be acquired to allow for the detection of MRD at desired levels. Significant technical and analytical validation is critical.

Conclusions
Flow cytometry offers a powerful single-cell-based platform for MRD detection in AML, and the results have been proven critical for disease management. Leukemia-associated phenotype-informed difference from the normal approach presented in this review presents an analytical framework for sensitive and accurate MRD detection.
kMetaShot: a fast and reliable taxonomy classifier for metagenome-assembled genomes
Authors: Defazio Giuseppe , Tangaro Marco Antonio , Pesole Graziano , Fosso Bruno 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies unlocked the complexity of the microbial world through the development of metagenomics, which now provides an unprecedented and comprehensive overview of its taxonomic and functional contribution in a huge variety of macro- and micro-ecosystems. In particular, shotgun metagenomics allows the reconstruction of microbial genomes, through the assembly of reads into MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes). In fact, MAGs represent an information-rich proxy for inferring the taxonomic composition and the functional contribution of microbiomes, even if the relevant analytical approaches are not trivial and still improvable. In this regard, tools like CAMITAX and GTDBtk have implemented complex approaches, relying on marker gene identification and sequence alignments, requiring a large processing time. With the aim of deploying an effective tool for fast and reliable MAG taxonomic classification, we present here kMetaShot, a taxonomy classifier based on k-mer/minimizer counting. We benchmarked kMetaShot against CAMITAX and GTDBtk by using both in silico and real mock communities and demonstrated how, while implementing a fast and concise algorithm, it outperforms the other tools in terms of classification accuracy. Additionally, kMetaShot is an easy-to-install and easy-to-use bioinformatic tool that is also suitable for researchers with few command-line skills. It is available and documented at https://github.com/gdefazio/kMetaShot.
Virus Evolution in Prolonged Infections of Immunocompromised Individuals
Authors: Raglow Zoe , Lauring Adam S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Many viruses can cause persistent infection and/or viral shedding in immunocompromised hosts. This is a well-described occurrence not only with SARS-CoV-2 but for many other viruses as well. Understanding how viruses evolve and mutate in these patients and the global impact of this phenomenon is critical as the immunocompromised population expands.

Content
In this review, we provide an overview of populations at risk for prolonged viral shedding, clinical manifestations of persistent viral infection, and methods of assessing viral evolution. We then review the literature on viral evolution in immunocompromised patients across an array of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, influenza, and poliovirus, and discuss the global implications of persistent viral infections in these hosts.

Summary
There is significant evidence for accelerated viral evolution and accumulation of mutations in antigenic sites in immunocompromised hosts across many viral pathogens. However, the implications of this phenomenon are not clear; while there are rare reports of transmission of these variants, they have not clearly been shown to predict disease outbreaks or have significant global relevance. Emerging methods including wastewater monitoring may provide a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of variants that evolve in immunocompromised hosts on the wider host population.
Integrating Pharmacogenomics into the Broader Construct of Genomic Medicine: Efforts by the ClinGen Pharmacogenomics Working Group (PGxWG)
Authors: Gong Li , Klein Clarissa J , Caudle Kelly E , Moyer Ann M , Scott Stuart A , Whirl-Carrillo Michelle , Klein Teri E ,   ClinGen Pharmacogenomics Working Group (PGxWG), Aminkeng Folefac , Amr Sami , Ashcraft Kristine , Bernhardt Brooke , Blaxwell Burns C , Bly Zo , Cipriani Amber , Cody Neal A , Dandara Collet , Del Tredici Andria L , Empey Philip E , Fieg Elizabeth , Gaedigk Andrea , Gregornik David , Harrison Steven , Hart Jennifer , Hoffman James M , Hunter Jessica Ezzell , Iwuchukwu Otito , Landrum Melissa , Langlais Kristofor , Lee Min Ta , Li Rongling , Malheiro Adriana , McLeod Howard L , Monte Andrew , Morales Joannella , Naik Hetanshi , Obeng Aniwaa Owusu , Oni-Orisan Akinyemi , Ramos Erin M , Ren Zhaoxia , Ritchie Marylyn D , Rogers Sara , Scherer Steven E , Shaaban Sherin , Swen Jesse J , Wagner Alex , Woodahl Erica , McIntyre Joanne , Merritt Keren , Wright Matt W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is focused on the relationship between an individual's genetic makeup and their response to medications, with the overarching aim of guiding prescribing decisions to improve drug efficacy and reduce adverse events. The PGx and genomic medicine communities have worked independently for over 2 decades, developing separate standards and terminology, making implementation of PGx across all areas of genomic medicine difficult. To address this issue, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Pharmacogenomics Working Group (PGxWG) was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded ClinGen to initially create frameworks for evaluating gene–drug response clinical validity and actionability aligned with the ClinGen frameworks for evaluating monogenic gene–disease relationships, and a framework for classifying germline PGx variants similar to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP) system for interpretation of disease-causing variants. These frameworks will leverage decades of work from well-established PGx resources facilitating buy-in among PGx stakeholders. In this report, we describe the background and major activities of the ClinGen PGxWG, and how this initiative will facilitate the critical inclusion of PGx into the larger context of genomic medicine.