bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Laparotomy Follow-Up Study (ELFUS): prospective feasibility investigation into postoperative complications and quality of life using patient-reported outcome measures up to a year after emergency laparotomy
Authors: Saunders D. I. , Sinclair R. C. F. , Griffiths B. , Pugh E. , Harji D. , Salas B. , Reed H. , Scott C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Emergency laparotomy carries a significant risk profile around the time of surgery. This research aimed to establish the feasibility of recruitment to a study using validated scoring tools to assess complications after surgery; and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess quality of life and quality of recovery up to a year following emergency laparotomy (EL).

Methods
We used our local National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) register to identify potential participants at a single NHS centre in England. Complications were assessed at 5, 10 and 30 days after EL. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery using EQ5D and WHODAS 2.0 questionnaires.

Results
Seventy of 129 consecutive patients (54%) agreed to take part in the study. Post-operative morbidity survey data was recorded from 63 and 37 patients at postoperative day 5 and day 10. Accordion Complication Severity Grading data was obtained from 70 patients. Patient-reported outcome measures were obtained from patients at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery from 70, 59, 51, 48, to 42 patients (100%, 87%, 77%, 75% and 69% of survivors), respectively.

Conclusions
This study affirms the feasibility of collecting PROMs and morbidity data successfully at various time points following emergency laparotomy, and is the first longitudinal study to describe quality of life up to a year after surgery. This finding is important in the design of a larger observational study into quality of life and recovery after EL.
Limits of data anonymity: lack of public awareness risks trust in health system activities
Authors: Gille Felix , Brall Caroline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPublic trust is paramount for the well functioning of data driven healthcare activities such as digital health interventions, contact tracing or the build-up of electronic health records. As the use of personal data is the common denominator for these healthcare activities, healthcare actors have an interest to ensure privacy and anonymity of the personal data they depend on. Maintaining privacy and anonymity of personal data contribute to the trustworthiness of these healthcare activities and are associated with the public willingness to trust these activities with their personal data. An analysis of online news readership comments about the failed care.data programme in England revealed that parts of the public have a false understanding of anonymity in the context of privacy protection of personal data as used for healthcare management and medical research. Some of those commenting demanded complete anonymity of their data to be willing to trust the process of data collection and analysis. As this demand is impossible to fulfil and trust is built on a false understanding of anonymity, the inability to meet this demand risks undermining public trust. Since public concerns about anonymity and privacy of personal data appear to be increasing, a large-scale information campaign about the limits and possibilities of anonymity with respect to the various uses of personal health data is urgently needed to help the public to make better informed choices about providing personal data.
The role of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in mediating orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal remodeling: a pilot study
Authors: Kaplan Michele , Kalajzic Zana , Choi Thomas , Maleeh Imad , Ricupero Christopher L. , Skelton Michelle N. , Daily Madeleine L. , Chen Jing , Wadhwa Sunil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been shown to induce osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone shortly after force application. However, how osteocyte apoptosis affects orthodontic tooth movement is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis on osteoclastogenesis, changes in the alveolar bone density, and the magnitude of OTM using a bisphosphonate analog (IG9402), a drug that affects osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis but does not affect osteoclasts.

Material and methods
Two sets of experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used to specifically evaluate the effect of IG9402 on osteocyte apoptosis in the alveolar bone during 24 h of OTM. For this experiment, twelve mice were divided into two groups: group 1, saline administration + OTM24-h (n=6), and group 2, IG9402 administration + OTM24-h (n=6). The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The goal of experiment 2 was to evaluate the role of osteocyte apoptosis on OTM magnitude and osteoclastogenesis 10 days after OTM. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline administration without OTM (n=5); group 2, IG9402 administration without OTM (n=5); group 3, saline + OTM10-day (n=6); and group 4, IG9402 + OTM10-day (n=4). For both experiments, tooth movement was achieved using Ultra Light (25g) Sentalloy Closed Coil Springs attached between the first maxillary molar and the central incisor. Linear measurements of tooth movement and alveolar bone density (BVF) were assessed by MicroCT analysis. Cell death (or apoptosis) was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, while osteoclast and macrophage formation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F4/80+ immunostaining.

Results
We found that IG9402 significantly blocked osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone (AB) at 24 h of OTM. At 10 days, IG9402 prevented OTM-induced loss of alveolar bone density and changed the morphology and quality of osteoclasts and macrophages, but did not significantly affect the amount of tooth movement.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that osteocyte apoptosis may play a significant role in osteoclast and macrophage formation during OTM, but does not seem to play a role in the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.
Barriers to recruitment, retention and intervention delivery in a randomized trial among patients with firearm injuries
Authors: Floyd Anthony S. , Lyons Vivian H. , Whiteside Lauren K. , Haggerty Kevin P. , Rivara Frederick P. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
We discuss barriers to recruitment, retention, and intervention delivery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of patients presenting with firearm injuries to a Level 1 trauma center. The intervention was adapted from the Critical Time Intervention and included a six-month period of support in the community after hospital discharge to address recovery goals. This study was one of the first RCTs of a hospital- and community-based intervention provided solely among patients with firearm injuries.

Main text
Barriers to recruitment included limited staffing, coupled with wide variability in length of stay and admission times, which made it difficult to predict the best time to recruit. At the same time, more acutely affected patients needed more time to stabilize in order to determine whether eligibility criteria were met. Barriers to retention included insufficient patient resources for stable housing, communication and transportation, as well as limited time for patients to meet with study staff to respond to follow-up surveys. These barriers similarly affected intervention delivery as patients who were recruited, but had fewer resources to help with recovery, had lower intervention engagement. These barriers fall within the broader context of system avoidance (e.g., avoiding institutions that keep formal records). Since the patient sample was racially diverse with the majority of patients having prior criminal justice system involvement, this may have precluded active participation from some patients, especially those from communities that have been subject to long and sustained history of trauma and racism. We discuss approaches to overcoming these barriers and the importance of such efforts to further implement and evaluate hospital-based violence intervention programs in the future.

Conclusion
Developing strategies to overcome barriers to data collection and ongoing participant contact are essential to gathering robust information to understand how well violence prevention programs work and providing the best care possible for people recovering from injuries.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT02630225. Registered 12/15/2015.
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on additional passive ventilation generated by CPR compressions in a porcine model
Authors: Levenbrown Yosef , Hossain Md Jobayer , Keith James P. , Burr Katlyn , Hesek Anne , Shaffer Thomas H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Compressions given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation generate small, ineffective passive ventilations through oscillating waves. Positive end-expiratory pressure increases the volume of these passive ventilations; however, its effect on passive ventilation is unknown. Our objective was to determine if increasing positive end-expiratory pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases passive ventilation generated by compressions to a clinically significant point. This study was conducted on 13 Landrace-Yorkshire pigs. After inducing cardiac arrest with bupivacaine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed with a LUCAS 3.1. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, pigs were ventilated at a positive end-expiratory pressure of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 cmH2O (randomly determined) for 9 min. Using the NM3 respiratory monitoring device, expired minute ventilation and volumetric capnography were measured. Arterial blood gas was obtained for each positive end-expiratory pressure level to compare the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on carbon dioxide.

Results
Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure from 0 to 20 cmH2O increased the mean (SEM) expired minute ventilation from 6.33 (0.04) to 7.33 (0.04) mL/min. With the 5-cmH2O incremental increases in positive end-expiratory pressure from 0 to 20 cmH2O, volumetric capnography increased from a mean (SEM) of 94.19 (0.78) to 115.18 (0.8) mL/min, except for 15 cmH2O, which showed greater carbon dioxide exhalation with volumetric capnography compared with 20 cmH2O. PCO2 declined significantly as positive end-expiratory pressure was increased from 0 to 20 cmH2O.

Conclusions
When increasing positive end-expiratory pressure from 0 to 20, the contribution to overall ventilation from gas oscillations generated by the compressions became more significant, and may even lead to hypocapnia, especially when using positive end-expiratory pressures between 15 and 20.
Risk assessment of labial bone perforation in the anterior mandibular region: a virtual immediate implant placement study
Authors: Tsai Yi-Wen Cathy , Huang Ren-Yeong , Cheng Chia-Dan , Cheng Wan-Chien , Cochran David L. , Nguyen Thomas T. , Shieh Yi-Shing , Lin Fu-Gong , Sung Cheng-En 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the prevalence of labial bone perforation (LBP) related to the associated anatomic factors in anterior mandibular region using a virtual immediate implant placement procedure.

Methods
Series qualified CBCT images of 149 participants (894 teeth) were selected to analyze the assigned anatomical parameters, including concavity depth, concavity angle, torque, and deep bone thickness. Four classes of crestal and radicular dentoalveolar bone phenotypes (CRDAPs) of mandibular anterior teeth were categorized according to the thickness of dentoalveolar bone at both crestal and radicular zones. Data were adjusted for categorical (gender and CRDAP) and continuous (age, cavity angle, cavity depth, and deep bone thickness) variables using a multivariable logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equation method.

Results
The overall probability of LBP after virtual implant placement was 21.6%. There is statistically significant higher prevalence of LBP at canine (28.5%) and CRDAP class II (29.2%) regions (p < 0.001). After adjusting confounding variables, CRDAP class II and class IV regions are more likely to have LBP when compared with CRDAP class I (control) regions (p < 0.01). The risk of LBP at canine site is 6.31 times more likely than at the central incisor (control) (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Using a virtual immediate implant placement technique, the prevalence of LBP is significantly higher at the mandibular canine site and thin radicular dentoalveolar phenotype in the anterior mandibular region.
Toxicological screening and evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits
Authors: Dev Shrabanti , Acharyya Rabindra Nath , Akter Sheuly , Al Bari Md. Abdullah , Asma Kaniz , Hossain Hemayet , Sarkar Kishore Kumar , Biswas Nripendra Nath , Das Asish Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (S. caseolaris) belonging to the Sonneratiaceae family is commonly known as Ora. It is traditionally used as an astringent, antiseptic, to treat sprains, swellings, cough and in arresting hemorrhage. The ethanolic extract of S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits was investigated in the present study for its toxicity as well as anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potentials.

Methods
Major phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC. Behavioral change, body weight, mortality and different blood parameters were measured to assess the toxicological effect of the extract. Anti-allergic activity was evaluated using TDI-induced allergic model mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity.

Results
Crude extract contained ellagic acid, vanillic acid and myrecitin (27.41, 3.06 and 7.93 mg per 100 g dry extract respectively). No major toxicity was observed in both acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Oral administration of the extract significantly ameliorated TDI-induced allergic symptoms like sneezing, scratching, swelling, redness and watery rhinorrhoea in the experimental mice. The extracts also reduced the total and differential count of leukocytes in the blood. The extract treated mice showed significant reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and bilirubin level.

Conclusions
S. caseolaris contains bioactive phytoconstituents which may be the possible precursors to isolate and characterize the novel compounds targeting the diseases like allergy and diabetes.
Mechanic’s hand; is it a prodromic sign of disease relapse of anti-synthetase syndrome; a case report
Authors: Rosa C. T. , Thilakarathne A. S. , Senevirathne L. A. , Wijeyeratna A. , Munidasa D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Anti-synthetase syndrome is the collection of myositis and/or interstitial lung disease with the presence of various antibodies directed against an aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase. Anti Jo − 1 antibody is the commonest of these antibodies and its presence is characteristically associated with the dermatological manifestation of mechanic’s hands. However, in the absence of other features, whether the presence of mechanic’s hands could be considered as a prodromic sign of disease relapse is not proven. We would like to present a patient who developed mechanic’s hands and subsequently went on to have recurrence in her myositis.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old female initially presented with a progressive proximal muscle weakness. Her muscle enzymes were elevated, EMG and biopsy were also in keeping with an inflammatory myositis. Subsequently she was found to have an interstitial lung disease with a non-specific interstitial pneumonitis pattern radiologically. Her anti Jo-1 was positive. However, she did not have any dermatological manifestations at the time. With immunosuppressive therapy she achieved remission which lasted for about 2 years. Then she developed fissuring and cracking of the palms and fingers suggestive of mechanic’s hands without any muscle pain, weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes. A few months later she did develop muscle pain, weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes heralding a disease relapse.

Conclusion
The presence of mechanic’s hands without other features should be considered as a prodromic sign of disease relapse.
Quantitative evaluation of deep convolutional neural network-based image denoising for low-dose computed tomography
Authors: Usui Keisuke , Ogawa Koichi , Goto Masami , Sakano Yasuaki , Kyougoku Shinsuke , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo minimize radiation risk, dose reduction is important in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of computed tomography (CT). However, image noise degrades image quality owing to the reduced X-ray dose and a possible unacceptably reduced diagnostic performance. Deep learning approaches with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed for natural image denoising; however, these approaches might introduce image blurring or loss of original gradients. The aim of this study was to compare the dose-dependent properties of a CNN-based denoising method for low-dose CT with those of other noise-reduction methods on unique CT noise-simulation images. To simulate a low-dose CT image, a Poisson noise distribution was introduced to normal-dose images while convoluting the CT unit-specific modulation transfer function. An abdominal CT of 100 images obtained from a public database was adopted, and simulated dose-reduction images were created from the original dose at equal 10-step dose-reduction intervals with a final dose of 1/100. These images were denoised using the denoising network structure of CNN (DnCNN) as the general CNN model and for transfer learning. To evaluate the image quality, image similarities determined by the structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were calculated for the denoised images. Significantly better denoising, in terms of SSIM and PSNR, was achieved by the DnCNN than by other image denoising methods, especially at the ultra-low-dose levels used to generate the 10% and 5% dose-equivalent images. Moreover, the developed CNN model can eliminate noise and maintain image sharpness at these dose levels and improve SSIM by approximately 10% from that of the original method. In contrast, under small dose-reduction conditions, this model also led to excessive smoothing of the images. In quantitative evaluations, the CNN denoising method improved the low-dose CT and prevented over-smoothing by tailoring the CNN model.
Green tea catechins in combination with irinotecan attenuates tumorigenesis and treatment-associated toxicity in an inflammation-associated colon cancer mice model
Authors: Borah Gaurab , Bharali Manuj Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Administration of green tea (GT) catechins has been reported to ensue antitumor activity in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs against different cancer types. Irinotecan (IRN) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug against various types of cancer including colon cancer along with its analogous dose-limiting side effects viz. diarrhea, neutropenia, leucopenia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as major toxicities.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of GT alone or in combination with IRN in inflammation-associated colon cancer mouse model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We also evaluated the effect of GT- on IRN-induced toxicity and histopathological alterations. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5 per group). After induction of cancer model, animals were treated with GT and/or IRN. We observed the inflammation, tumor progression, and ameliorative effects of GT and IRN alone or in combination.

Results
Because of antioxidant potential of GT, IRN-induced toxicity ameliorative effect of GT was also studied in combined treated groups. It was found that co-administration of IRN and GT significantly decreased number of tumors and simultaneously was found to ameliorate diarrhea along with leucopenia and neutropenia. Besides these, mitigation of adenomatous characters and NAFLD was also observed in the IRN- and GT-treated group when analyzed histologically.

Conclusions
GT significantly reduced the toxicity induced by IRN in terms of diarrhea, neutropenia, leucopenia, and NAFLD and works as an effective anticancer agent as it mitigates histopathology of colon adenocarcinoma.

Graphical abstract
Assessing the impact of case mobility: issues and recommendations from Greece
Authors: Giannopoulos Athanasios Thanos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the assessment of future applications of CASE (Co-operative, Autonomous, Shared, and Electric) mobility—a term that is also taken to include the more traditionally known applications of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems). It sets the objective of making such assessments more holistic and horizontal in nature because future CASE mobility applications will include many technologies and service concepts as an integrated whole serving specific mobility objective. Traditional evaluation methodologies will therefore have to be modified to account for this situation, and to this end, the paper focuses on assessing and adapting such “traditional” methodologies. It draws from the experience gained in Greece in the last decade when a substantial number of ITS applications were implemented and assessed, especially in the second largest urban area of the country, the city of Thessaloniki (part of the EU’s European Network of Living Labs). Four basic methodologies are selected: the use of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators), focused interviews, the CMME (CASE Mobility Matrix Evaluation), and the use of safety audits before and after the CASE mobility application. For the first three, the paper suggests specific indicators and/or content. It also gives an example of the use of CMME based on a use case from Thessaloniki. The contents and recommendations of this paper provide a better understanding of the emerging situation as regards CASE mobility applications and point to the need for establishing a timely and comprehensive CASE mobility evaluation framework at both national and European levels, for future implementations.