bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Steenhuis Tammo S. , Davis Kyle Frankel , van der Werf Wopke , Ritsema Coen J. , Pacenka Steven , Zhang Fusuo , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Du Taisheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarth's water resources are critical for supporting livelihoods and food security but are being increasingly overexploited to support global agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems could potentially resolve unsustainable water use but trade‐offs with other aspects of sustainability and food security have not yet been assessed. We performed a detailed analysis of 31 different field crop rotations conducted during 1990–2019 in the North China Plain, to assess the potential impact of crop diversification on actual evapotranspiration (ETa), changes in regional groundwater table, grain yield, economic output, and water use efficiency (WUE) and to identify configurations that can achieve co‐benefits across multiple dimensions. We found that a combination of lowering the cropping index (i.e., harvest frequency), incorporating fallow periods, and introducing higher‐value crops into the currently dominant winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system can reduce growing season ETa by as much as 31%, mitigate groundwater decline by 19% or more, and increased economic output and economic WUE by more than 11% and 3%, respectively. We also found that multiple diversified wheat‐maize–based rotations—all with rotation lengths greater than 2 years—achieve co‐benefits across all evaluated dimensions. This study provides new empirical evidence of the opportunities for diversified crop rotations to balance the multiple objectives of food production, sustainable groundwater use, and farmer profitability. Extending this solution to other water‐stressed agricultural regions could be an effective strategy in achieving more sustainable food production system globally.
Maturity of gray matter structures and white matter connectomes, and their relationship with psychiatric symptoms in youth
Authors: Luna Alex , Bernanke Joel , Kim Kakyeong , Aw Natalie , Dworkin Jordan D. , Cha Jiook , Posner Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrain predicted age difference, or BrainPAD, compares chronological age to an age estimate derived by applying machine learning (ML) to MRI brain data. BrainPAD studies in youth have been relatively limited, often using only a single MRI modality or a single ML algorithm. Here, we use multimodal MRI with a stacked ensemble ML approach that iteratively applies several ML algorithms (AutoML). Eligible participants in the Healthy Brain Network (N = 489) were split into training and test sets. Morphometry estimates, white matter connectomes, or both were entered into AutoML to develop BrainPAD models. The best model was then applied to a held‐out evaluation dataset, and associations with psychometrics were estimated. Models using morphometry and connectomes together had a mean absolute error of 1.18 years, outperforming models using a single MRI modality. Lower BrainPAD values were associated with more symptoms on the CBCL (pcorr = .012) and lower functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (pcorr = .012). Higher BrainPAD values were associated with better performance on the Flanker task (pcorr = .008). Brain age prediction was more accurate using ComBat‐harmonized brain data (MAE = 0.26). Associations with psychometric measures remained consistent after ComBat harmonization, though only the association with CGAS reached statistical significance in the reduced sample. Our findings suggest that BrainPAD scores derived from unharmonized multimodal MRI data using an ensemble ML approach may offer a clinically relevant indicator of psychiatric and cognitive functioning in youth.
Combined extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and microaxial pump—when left ventricular preload is too low to unload in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Lüsebrink Enzo , Massberg Steffen , Orban Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeSevere cardiogenic shock is the major driver of mortality on cardiologic intensive care units. Novel therapeutic options like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or the combination of ECMO and a percutaneous microaxial pump like Impella CP (ECMELLA) are promising Options. Here we want to focus on the question what happens when left ventricular preload is too low to unload in cardiogenic shock in patients with ECMELLA and this aspect is illustrated by transesophageal echocardiography.MethodsWe detail a case of a 43‐year‐old active smoker who was admitted for acute myocardial infarction causing severe cardiogenic shock and who was finally treated with ECMELLA. Transesophageal echocardiography is used to illustrate what happens when left ventricle (LV) preload is too low to unload.ResultsTransesophageal echocardiography demonstrates complete collapse of LV and LA as consequence of increased but still low flow rate of the coaxial pump.ConclusionNovel therapeutic options like ECMO and percutaneous microaxial pumps like Impella CP, 5.0 or the combination of both (ECMELLA), are promising options. Whether these approaches reduce mortality has to be evaluated in urgently needed randomized trials but results will not be available in the next few years.
Researching race‐ethnicity in race‐mute Europe
Authors: Jugert Philipp , Kaiser Marie J. , Ialuna Francesca , Civitillo Sauro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Germany and continental Europe, more broadly, race and ethnicity are concepts that are not widely used and are increasingly erased from the legislation. Nevertheless, race and ethnicity are still used as social markers and often merely replaced with other terms (e.g., cultural background). The goal of this paper is threefold. First, we point to the danger of treating race and ethnicity as essentialist categories, which is still common in developmental science research. Second, we want to outline specific problems that occur when doing research on ethnicity and race with children and adolescents in the European race‐mute context. Third, we suggest that future research ought to focus more on constructions of Whiteness and reproduction of power differences among ethnic majority populations. In doing so, we draw on examples from our own research on ethnic‐racial identity and ethnic‐racial socialization.
No age differences? No problem
Authors: McLean Kate C. , Riggs Anne E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this essay we argue that the over‐reliance on age effects in the field of developmental psychology belies attention to actual development, obscuring attention to actual developmental processes. We use examples from diverse content areas in developmental psychology, such as narrative and autobiographical memory, personality trait development, Piagetian conservation tasks, pubertal timing, and Dynamic Systems Theory to build this argument. We conclude by arguing that focusing on individual differences in development, and cultural and historical context as major mechanisms of developmental processes will provide a fuller and richer understanding of the complexity of human development.HighlightsOver‐reliance on age differences does not explain development and obscures attention to individual differences and cultural context.
Endogenous health groups and heterogeneous dynamics of the elderly
Authors: Amengual Dante , Bueren Jesús , Crego Julio A. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe propose a methodology to classify individuals into few but meaningful health groups by estimating a panel Markov switching model that exploits rich information from panel household surveys. Using the HRS, we identify four persistent health groups, depending on individual's physical and mental disabilities. Our classification outperforms existing health measures at explaining entry in nursing homes, home health care, out‐of‐pocket medical expenses, and mortality for individuals in the HRS, ELSA, and SHARE. Through a workhorse model of savings, we recover an asset cost of bad health that is twice as big as when using self‐reported health.
Quantitative label‐free optical technique to analyze the ultrastructure changes and spatiotemporal relationship of enamel induced by Msx2 deletion
Authors: Liu Hao , Guo Zhouyi , Mo Luoqi , Sun Yan , Zhang JuanJuan , Liu Xiaoying , Liu Zhiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew advances in the molecular mechanism of enamel mineralization reveal the practical significance of regenerative medicine in clinical transformation. Muscle segment homeobox 2 (MSX2), a transcription factor, is recently reported to be closely associated with the amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). To elucidate the biomineralization framework of AI enamel, herein, Msx2 gene mutant mice are investigated by dual‐mode noninvasive spectroscopic analytical techniques for the first time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) records the depth‐resolved structural information of mice teeth, where a dramatic decrease in enamel thickness and quality occurred in Msx2 deficient (Msx2−/−) enamel. And it has the advantages of fast, noninvasive and low cost. Raman spectroscopy, a powerful molecular fingerprint tool, further witnesses an imbalance of inorganic and organic contents in Msx2−/− enamel. In addition, abnormal expression of MSX2 also influences the spatial distribution of phosphate in enamel according to the Raman spectral imaging. Therefore, OCT integrated with Raman spectroscopy provides the quantitative label‐free optical parameters of both the physical structure and chemical component in mice enamel, which strengthens the understanding of the biomineralization process underlying the Msx2‐related amelogenesis imperfect.
Essential information for transition of care for frail elderly patients in Japan: A qualitative study
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Ozaki Makiko , Kanno Tetsuya , Iioka Tomomi , Bito Seiji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation exchange between hospitals and primary care physicians is suboptimal. Most physicians are dissatisfied with the current referral process, and poor communication leads to negative care transition outcomes.MethodTo identify the key information needed for a successful transition of care, we conducted a qualitative study using consecutive, semistructured in‐person interviews and focus group sessions. We recruited five participants engaged in clinical work for individual interviews and 16 participants for focus groups. We analyzed all data using qualitative thematic analysis. All results were returned to the participants and modified based on their feedback.ResultsThe five individual interviews provided a general picture of the current referral process and an interview guide for the following focus group sessions. The focus group discussions were used to identify the essential information needed at admission and discharge from the hospital. Essential information on hospital admission was as follows: (1) basic medical and care information, (2) care resources available at home, (3) the purpose of admission and the goals of care during hospitalization, and (4) status of advance care planning (ACP) and patient's will in an emergency. Essential information on hospital discharge was as follows: (1) clinical course, (2) explanation of medical condition during hospitalization, (3) status of ACP and patient's will in an emergency, and (4) medical procedures to be continued at home.ConclusionsWe identified the essential information needed for a successful transition of care in Japan. The clinical effectiveness of a template that contains the information identified in our study warrants further investigation.
Greener approach toward synthesis of biologically active s‐Triazine (TCT) derivatives: A recent update
Authors: Panchal Jigar , Jain Sonika , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Kishore Dharma , Dwivedi Jaya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe greener methodology to synthesize s‐triazine derivatives (also known as TCT) is described, including synthesis through microwave, ultrasound, and solvent‐free conditions. This review mainly focuses on reactions of TCT (2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine) with various substituents having amine and hydroxy functionalities to give corresponding triazine derivatives under a greener approach. The results of reactions indicate that, unlike classical methods, green methods result in better yields of the product, through a rapid reaction, under mild reaction conditions, and by easy workup procedures.
Tissue‐specific differences in HIV DNA levels and mechanisms that govern HIV transcription in blood, gut, genital tract and liver in ART‐treated women
Authors: Moron‐Lopez Sara , Xie Guorui , Kim Peggy , Siegel David A , Lee Sulggi , Wong Joseph K , Price Jennifer C , Elnachef Najwa , Greenblatt Ruth M , Tien Phyllis C , Roan Nadia R , Yukl Steven A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSex‐specific differences affect multiple aspects of HIV infection, yet few studies have quantified HIV levels in tissues from women. Since an HIV functional cure will likely require a major reduction of infected cells from most tissues, we measured total and intact HIV DNA and the HIV transcription profile in blood, gut, genital tract and liver from HIV‐positive antiretroviral therapy (ART) ‐treated women.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and biopsies from the gastrointestinal (ileum, colon, rectosigmoid +/‐ liver) and genital (ectocervix, endocervix and endometrium) tracts were collected from 6 ART‐treated (HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL) women. HIV DNA (total and intact) and levels of read‐through, initiated (total), 5’elongated, polyadenylated and multiply spliced HIV transcripts were measured by droplet digital PCR. Immunophenotyping of cells was performed using Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF).ResultsWe detected total HIV DNA in all tissues and intact HIV DNA in blood, ileum, colon, rectosigmoid and ectocervix. Initiated HIV transcripts per provirus were higher in PBMC and endometrium than in ileum, colon, rectosigmoid, ectocervix or endocervix, and higher in the rectum than either ileum or colon. 5’Elongated HIV transcripts per provirus were comparable in PBMC and endometrium, but higher than in gut or cervical samples. Polyadenylated and multiply spliced HIV transcripts were detected in PBMC (6/6 and 3/6 individuals respectively), but rarely in the tissues.ConclusionsThese results suggest tissue‐specific differences in the mechanisms that govern HIV expression, with lower HIV transcription in most tissues than blood. Therapies aimed at disrupting latency, such as latency‐reversing or latency‐silencing agents, will be required to penetrate into multiple tissues and target different blocks to HIV transcription.
Long‐term mean changes in actual evapotranspiration over China under climate warming and the attribution analysis within the Budyko framework
Authors: Su Tao , Feng Taichen , Huang Bicheng , Han Zixuan , Qian Zhonghua , Feng Guolin , Hou Wei , Dong Wenjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration (AE) over China during 1980–2015 is analysed based on an ensemble of six reanalyses and a complementary‐relationship‐based AE dataset. The results reveal that annual mean AE in China increases significantly, and the major regime shift occurred around 1998. Accordingly, long‐term mean AE changes from 1999–2015 relative to 1980–1997 are computed to quantify the spatial pattern of AE trends. In general, annual AE increases significantly in southern and northwestern China but decreases significantly in northeastern China and eastern Tibetan Plateau. Then we examine the primary cause for changes in AE using the Budyko framework, in which the change of climate is represented by changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and the shift in landscape characteristics is represented by the parameter n. Overall, increasing potential evapotranspiration is the main contributor to the increase of AE in southeastern China. Increasing potential evapotranspiration and the parameter n are the main contributors to the increase of AE in southwestern China. Decreasing AE in northeastern China and eastern Tibetan Plateau are respectively caused by changes in precipitation and the parameter n, whereas the combination of these two factors has led to increasing AE in northwestern China. It is shown here that the contribution of the parameter n is comparable to that of climate change in western China. A positive correlation is found between vegetation coverage and the parameter n; however, vegetation type, catchment slope, irrigation practices, and glacial meltwater also have an impact on regional n. A concurrent occurrence of the negative contribution of parameter n and positive vegetation coverage change is found in the forest land of northeastern and southeastern China. Decreasing irrigation water is likely the main reason for the negative contribution of n in cropland of the North China Plain.
Performances of the barrel kiln used in cottage industry for fish processing and effects on physicochemical characteristics and safety of smoked fish products
Authors: Assogba Mahunan François , Afé Ogouyôm Herbert Iko , Ahouansou Roger Houèchénè , Anihouvi Dona Gildas Hippolyte , Kpoclou Yénoukounmè Euloge , Djago Dieudonné , Douny Caroline , Igout Ahmed , Mahillon Jacques , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph , Scippo Marie‐Louise , Anihouvi Victor Bienvenu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the traditional food sector, the smoking process and smoking‐drying process are widely used to increase the shelf‐life of seafood products. The smoking process and smoking‐drying process are mainly performed using barrel kiln and wood as fuel in many West African countries. The present study evaluated the performances of the barrel kiln and its effects on physicochemical characteristics and safety of smoked fish (SF) and smoked‐dried fish (SDF). Twelve follow‐ups were conducted with three experimental processors and 24 samples of fish collected at different steps of processing were analyzed in a laboratory using standard methods.RESULTSThe extreme values of combustion temperature recorded during the smoking process (456.4 °C) and smoking‐drying process (482.8 °C) were higher than 450 °C, the temperature at which wood pyrolysis generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Smoked fish were highly contaminated with PAHs, and showed maximal levels of benzo[a]pyrene (52.7 μg kg−1) and PAH4 (i.e. sum of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benz[a]anthracene) (290.9 μg kg−1) exceeding the European Union limits by about 25‐fold. After smoking of Scomber scombrus and smoking‐drying of Cypselurus cyanopterus, no significant differences were recorded for lipid, protein and biogenic amine contents between fresh and processed fish, even if the histamine content of both fish exceeded the limit fixed by the European Union regulation.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study showed that smoked fish and smoked‐dried fish produced using barrel kiln and wood fuel are highly contaminated by PAHs. Therefore, there is a need to improve the preservation practices of raw fish and smoking conditions to limit the contamination of end‐products by PAHs known to be carcinogenic components for humans and to ensure consumer safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Potential application of lactic acid bacteria in the biopreservation of red grape from mycotoxigenic fungi
Authors: Dopazo Victor , Luz Carlos , Quiles Juan M , Calpe Jorge , Romano Raffaele , Mañes Jordi , Meca Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFilamentous fungi are the main contamination agent in the viticultural sector. Use of synthetic fungicides is the regular answer to these contaminations. Nevertheless, because of several problems associated with the use of synthetic compounds, the industry demands new and safer methods. In the present work, the biopreservation potential of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was studied against the principal grape contaminant fungi.RESULTSAgar diffusion test evidenced that all four culture‐free supernatant (CFS) had antifungal properties against all tested fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) test values evidenced that media fermented by the Lactobacillus plantarum E3 and Lactobacillus plantarum E4 strains showed the highest antifungal activity, resulting in an MFC from 6.3 to 100 g L−1. Analysis of CFS evidenced the presence of different antifungal compounds, such as lactic acid, phenyllactic acid and pyrazines. In tests on red grapes, an average reduction of 1.32 log10 of the spores per gram of fruit was achieved by all CFS in grapes inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus and by 0.94 log10 for L. plantarum E3 CFS against Botrytis cinerea.CONCLUSIONThe antifungal activity of the fermented CFS by L. plantarum E3 reduced the growth of B. cinerea and A. ochraceus in grapes, which are the main contaminant and main producer of ochratoxin A in these crops, respectively. Therefore, based on the results obtained in this work, use of the strain L. plantarum E3 could be an interesting option for the biopreservation of grapes. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Expanding Cyclic Topology‐Based Biomedical Polymer Panel: Universal Synthesis of Hetero‐“8”‐Shaped Copolymers and Topological Modulation of Polymer Degradation
Authors: Kang Gui‐Ying , Ma Wei , Liu Ming‐Zhu , Luo Hai‐Xi , Yu Cui‐Yun , Wei Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract8‐Shaped copolymers with two macrocycles connected together represent an interesting cyclic topology‐derived polymer species due to the simultaneous incorporation of two cyclic moieties and the reported unique physical and chemical properties. To provide a proof‐of‐concept for a broad readership on biomedical polymers, a well‐defined hetero‐8‐shaped amphiphilic copolymer, cyclic‐poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether methacrylate)‐b‐cyclic PCL (cPOEGMA‐b‐cPCL) is synthesized by an elegant integration of intrachain click cyclization and interchain click coupling. The potential of the self‐assembled micelles of cPOEGMA‐b‐cPCL for controlled drug release is evaluated by in vitro drug loading and drug release, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and degradation studies. Most importantly, the micelles based on cPOEGMA‐b‐cPCL show much slower degradation profiles than the previously reported linear counterpart, POEGMA‐b‐PCL and tadpole‐shaped analog, PEG‐b‐cPCL because of the presence of cyclic hydrophilic POEGMA segment. Therefore, this study not only develops a robust strategy for a universal precise synthesis of well‐defined hetero‐8‐shaped copolymers based on diverse vinyl and ring‐structured monomers, but also reveals the first modulation of polymer degradation property by topological control of the nondegradable moiety in the polymer construct through advanced macromolecular engineering.
Intramolecular Folding of Coil‐Helix Block Copolymers Induced by Quadrupole Interactions
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Weck Marcus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrue tertiary architectures with defined local secondary structures are rare in synthetic systems. Adapting well‐developed synthetic building blocks and controlling their folding through diverse interactions can be a general approach toward this goal. In this contribution, the synthesis of 3D hierarchical assemblies with distinct secondary domains formed through the intramolecular folding of a block copolymer containing a coil‐like poly(styrene) (PS) block with a helical poly(isocyanide) block induced by phenyl‐pentafluorophenyl quadrupole interactions is reported. The PS block is prepared via atom‐transfer radical polymerization and end functionalized with a nickel complex that serves as a macroinitiator for the polymerization of chiral isocyanides bearing pentafluorophenyl pendants. The folding behavior of the coil‐helix block copolymers is investigated by dynamic light scattering, NMR spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry.