bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida spp. in Lower Respiratory Tract Secretions – A Ten Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Ciurea Cristina Nicoleta , Santini Ario , Mare Anca Delia , Kosovski Irina Bianca , Toma Felicia , Vintila Camelia , Pintea-Simon Ionela Anca , Man Adrian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Lower respiratory tract secretions (LRTS) like sputum and tracheal aspirates are frequently sent to the microbiology laboratory from patients with various respiratory pathologies. Improper collection techniques can lead to false-positive results, resulting in improper therapy.

Aim of the study
To determine the percentage of contaminated samples sent to the microbiology laboratory, to establish the prevalence of Candida spp. in non-contaminated samples and therefore, the presence of Candida spp. originating in lower respiratory tract infections. Material and

Methods
A 10-year data survey was conducted to assess the differences in Candida prevalence from contaminated versus non-contaminated samples, assessed and categorised by Bartlett grading system, and to emphasise the importance of quality control for potentially contaminated samples. The data were analysed according to gender, age, referring departments, and the species of Candida. For the statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher tests were used, and the alpha value was set for 0.5.

Results
The prevalence of Candida spp. in all analysed samples was 31.60%. After excluding the contaminated samples, the actual prevalence was 27.66%. Of all sputum samples, 31.6% were contaminated. Patients aged more than 40 years old were more prone to provide contaminated sputum samples. C. albicans is more prevalent in non-contaminated sputum samples. In both sputum and tracheal aspirates, the chances of identifying a single species are higher than the chances of identifying multiple species.

Conclusions
The study emphasises the importance of assessing the quality of sputum samples because of the high number of improperly collected samples sent to the microbiology laboratory.
Impact of the Severity of Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic Outbreak
Authors: Roman Adina , Moldovan Septimiu , Santini Ario , Stoian Mircea , Dobru Daniela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The World Health Organization (WHO) identified a novel coronavirus, originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, as a pneumonia causing pathogen. Epidemiological data in Romania show more than 450.000 confirmed patients, with a constant number of approximately 10% admission in intensive care unit.

Method
A retrospective, observational study was conducted from 1st March to 30th October 2020, comprising 657 patients, confirmed as having COVID-19, and who had been admitted to the intensive care unit of the Mures County Clinical Hospital, Tîrgu Mures, Romania, which had been designated as a support hospital during the pandemic. Patients who presented at admission or developed abnormal liver function tests in the first seven days of admission, were included in the study; patients with pre-existing liver disease, were excluded.

Results
The mean (SD) age of patients included in the study was 59.41 (14.66) years with a male: female ratio of 1.51:1. Survivor status, defined as patients discharged from the intensive care unit, was significantly associated with parameters such as age, leukocyte count, albumin level, glycaemia level (p<0.05 for all parameters.)

Conclusions
Liver injury expressed through liver function tests cannot solely constitute a prognostic factor for COVID-19 patients, but its presence in critically ill patients should be further investigated and included in future guideline protocols.
Preliminary Study Into the Decolorization of Selected Dyes By the Ozone Application
Authors: Gerulová Kristína , Sanny Zuzana , Kucmanová Alexandra , Buranská Eva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Synthetic dyes widely used in many kinds of industry affect the colour of wastewater when released to environment due to insufficient treatment in typical sewage treatment plants. Only a small dose of those dyes may significantly affect colour of water and, according to the chemical composition, may pose risks to wildlife and humans. In the research described in this study, decolorization of three various dyes was investigated. Since colour removal of Congo Red such as Methylene blue using ozone have been reported by several authors, and the literature on Naphthol Green B is rather limited, in the present study we compare the decolorization rate of CR, MB and NGB. The colour removal occurred quickly and more than 90% of colour reduction was achieved within 3-6 minutes throughout all tested pH of the solution.
Fire Characteristics of Polyethylene Dust
Authors: Škvarka Marián , Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dust is a product or by-product in many industries. To ensure effective measures of explosion prevention, it is necessary to know the fire properties of dispersed and settled dust. These parameters cannot be calculated, but can be determined on the base of measurements in standard equipment. The article deals with the measurement of fire properties of polyethylene. The values of the minimum ignition temperature of settled and dispersed dust (MIT) and the values of explosion characteristics of polyethylene dust cloud lower explosion limit (LEL), maximum pressure Pmax and maximum rate of pressure rise (dp/dt)max were measured. The measurements were performed on the equipment according to the STN EN 80079-20-2: 2016 Standard Explosive atmospheres - Part 20-2: Material characteristics - Combustible dust test methods and according to the STN EN 14034 + A1: 2011 Standard Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. The MIT of the settled dust was not determined (the sample melted), the MIT of the dispersed dust was 435 °C. The maximum explosion pressure Pmax reached 7.0 bar, and the maximum rate of pressure rise dP/dt was 37.5 bar.s−1.
Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Oxidation of Methylene Blue Using Alternative Catalysts
Authors: Michálek Juraj , Domnina Kseniya , Kvorková Veronika , Šefčovičová Kristína , Mončeková Klaudia , Soldán Maroš 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The usage of the low-cost catalysts for methylene blue removal from wastewater was investigated. Heterogeneous Fenton-like process consists of the use of a hydrogen peroxide solution, and an iron-rich catalyst, red mud and black nickel mud were used for that purpose. The factors such as the catalyst dose and the hydrogen peroxide solution volume were monitored. The results of experiments showed that the degradation of methylene blue dye in Fenton-like oxidation process using selected catalysts can be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The highest dye removal efficiency (87.15 %) was achieved using the black nickel mud catalyst after 30 minutes of reaction.
Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sanny Zuzana , Kucmanová Alexandra , Gerulová Kristína , Gabrišová Lenka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over the last few decades, nanotechnologies have gained a great deal of attention, and various nanomaterials and techniques have been developed for water remediation. This study deals with the adsorption of Naphthol green B onto the magnetite nanoparticles synthetized by the coprecipitation method at the laboratory temperature. According to the obtained results, the sorption process is obvious only at the acidic condition when the pH of solution decreases to pH level 3. According to nonlinear fit of experimental data, the sorption of the Naphthol green B onto magnetite nanoparticles is assumed as multilayer, while the Freundlich model fits better (96.158 %) than the Langmuir model does (55.941 %).
Study Into the Changes in Soil Organic Matter, Caused By Laboratory Simulated Fires in Four Slovak Soils 1. UV-VIS Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Sirotiak Maroš , Pastierová Alica , Blinová Lenka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study was focused on describing ultraviolet-visible spectra of the humic substances, humic acids and fulvic acids isolated from four Slovak soils. The samples were heated in a laboratory furnace, to simulate soil behaviour during fires. The absorbances at the wavelengths corresponding to the selected chromophores and specific wavelength for groups of substances were compared. Analysis of the UV -VIS spectra of the extracted humic substances may indicate the directions of interest in the changes in soil organic matter, along with the changes in external conditions, such as natural fires.
Experimental Substantiation of Autoplasma Application as a Haemostatic Agent in Endoscopic Operations in the Digestive Tract
Authors: Bochkova Tatiana V. , Gantsev Shamil Kh. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In endosurgery of the digestive tract, ‘cellular technologies’ are gaining popularity, including the use of blood components or blood cells with a haemostatic purpose. In this regard, the objective of the study is evaluation of the effectiveness of bleeding control and safety of resection of the hollow organs of the digestive tract in the experimental trauma models of the abdominal organs in laboratory animals. The study was conducted in 20 mature male Chinchilla rabbits with the mean body mass of 2450 ± 210 g. All animals were divided into four experimental groups: the control group (without bleeding control); the group that received the infiltration of the wall of a hollow organ with saline; the group in which bleeding was controlled by argon plasma coagulation (APC), and the group wherein animals underwent haemostasis with autoplasma. In the control group and the physiological saline group, no statistical difference was observed in the time of bleeding control. Autoplasma, due to preventive local administration, is more effective than APC and has a high haemostatic potential. Autoplasma has been found to be highly effective and safe for bleeding control in the gastrointestinal tract in the experimental model, which has paved the way for new possibilities for operations of various scales, including endoscopic operations.
Makna Simbolik Musik Daak Maraaq dan Daak Hudoq dalam Upacara Hudoq Bahau di Samarinda Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Gunawan Asril 
Published: August 2021

The Symbolical Meaning Daak Maraaq Music and Daak Hudoq of Hudoq Bahau Ritual in Samarinda, East Borneo. The ritual of Hudoq is an annual cultural practice performed by Dayak Bahau people in the city of Samarinda. The performance of this ritual consists of some phases in which every phase of it represents the symbolical meaning closely related to the value of the ritual. Those phases are (1) Lemivaa Lalii’; (2) Hudoq Taharii’; (3) Lemivaa Tasam; (4) Hudoq Kawit; and (5) Hudoq Pakoq. Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq music and Hudoq dance are performed during the ritual. Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq are two different kinds of music, both have a different style of performance, stage of performance, and style of music. Due to its complexity, it becomes especially important to analyze the role of the symbolical meaning of music performed in the ritual of Hudoq. This is a qualitative research within an ethnomusicological approach—music within the cultural perspective—which is done through an analytical descriptive method. The theoretical approach used for this case study is symbolic interpretation and music (transcription) analyses. Despite analyzing the symbolical meaning of Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq music, this research is done to provide important information about musical analyses—within the ethnomusicological perspective—of that music. According to the data collected, the ritual of Hudoq has an important role in performing the symbolical meaning of the identical value of ritual, social, and existential meaning for the lives of Dayak Bahau people in Samarinda city, East Borneo.
Reflecting on Kejawen: Javanese Esoteric Teachings in Indonesian National Development
Authors: Wasisto Muhammad Adiz 
Published: August 2021

Kejawen as a concept of spirituality arose out of ancient Javanese society. Many Western scholars have used the term ‘Javanese mysticism’ to refer to Kejawen teachings, which focus on inward rather than outward religious expression and feeling. Kejawen teaching offers an esoteric understanding of religion and spirituality, one that seems to circulate mainly outside formal religious traditions. This paper demonstrates the significance of Kejawen teaching in spiritual, psychological, and social development in Indonesia, suggesting it has especial relevance to issues of peace and violence. Placing Kejawen in its context, this study shows that the national development in Indonesia after independence was influenced by the esoteric ideas of Kejawen, as portrayed in the national motto “unity in diversity”. This expression resembles the post-independence state ideology of Pancasila. Through analysis of key nationalist texts, themes linked to elements of Kejawen teachings are identified and analysed in this study. This is done by analysing key texts, including Soekarno’s independence speech, Pancasila, and other relevant materials from various available sources. The reader will find out more about the need for comprehensive symbolic and resource-based recognition of Kejawen teachings in Indonesian society.
Whether Sovereignty?: The Failure of Indonesia in Taking Over Flight Information Region from Singapore 2015-2019
Authors: Humaira Nabyla , Adwani Adwani , Aiyub Kadir M. Yakub 
Published: August 2021

The concept of ‘complete and exclusive sovereignty as defined in international and national law remains poses challenges, especially concerning the effort of Indonesia in taking over the Flight Information Region (FIR) from the Singapore context. The management of FIR by Singapore over the Riau Islands of Indonesia was begun during the British colonial period over Malay territory, which partly became a sovereign state of Singapore in 1965. However, under the syndrome of post-colonialism Indonesia has legalized it through the 1995 bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Singapore. On the other hand, since independence, Indonesia has gradually initiated to take over the FIR until the peak time of the 2015 Presidential Instruction which explicitly orders to take over the FIR of Singapore at the latest in the next four years (2015-2019). However, until the end of 2020, there had been no significant progress. This paper critically investigates such failure within the evolving concept of ‘sovereignty through the Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) paradigm in terms of the global justice system. It is proved that the meaning of ‘sovereignty in postcolonial states remains a political rhetoric as also known as ‘negative sovereignty’. Hence, this paper contributes to clarifying the meaning of sovereignty in the Indonesian context, so that a new awareness arises to increase the national capacity to take over FIR from Singapore, and hopefully, the ‘complete and exclusive’ meaning of sovereignty can be perceived in near future, for the maximum benefit of people in Indonesia.
Analysis of electromyographic changes in gastrocnemius muscle on exposure to 24 h of dry supine immersion
Authors: Manu N , Agarwal A , Malhotra VK 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Under microgravity, changes are observed in both structure and content of the gravity-dependent muscles. This may result in disuse atrophy and muscle weakening. However, changes have not been described in the short term exposure of 24 h. Examination of changes in electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle, on exposure to 24 h of simulated microgravity using dry supine immersion (DSI), was the desired objective of the study.

Material and Methods:
Ten healthy volunteers were exposed to 24 h of simulated microgravity using DSI. The force generated by maximal voluntary contraction of isometric plantar flexion of ankle was recorded. Electromyography (EMG) of the gastrocnemius corresponding to more than 80% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (labeled as submaximal contraction) was recorded pre- and post-exposure to 24 h of DSI.

Results:
Time domain analysis of the surface EMG of gastrocnemius during submaximal contraction revealed a significant increase in mean integrated EMG (iEMG) amplitude (effect size = 0.73, P = 0.031) following 24 h DSI. Power spectral analysis showed a significant decrease in mean frequency (MNF) (P = 0.043) and median frequency (MDF) (P = 0.024) after 24 h DSI. No significant changes were observed in total power, mean power (MNP), and maximal voluntary contraction. A very strong negative correlation was noted between iEMG, MNF, and MDF for the duration of submaximal voluntary contraction (R = −0.827 and −0.810, P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively); whereas, a very strong positive correlation was noted between iEMG and MNP (R = 0.911, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
The findings of the study point toward muscle weakening seen by an early onset of muscle fatigue in anti-gravity muscles as early as 24 h of exposure to microgravity. The same may be borne in mind even during very short duration human space missions.
O IMPERIALISMO E O COLONIALISMO NAS ORIGENS DO TOTALITARISMO
Authors: Uchôa Marcela Da silva 
Published: August 2021

A fim de diagnosticar as origens do totalitarismo, em seu livro Origens do totalitarismo – publicado originalmente em 1951 –, na secção sobre o imperialismo, Hannah Arendt reflete como a emancipação política da burguesia se estabeleceu através da dinâmica política entre colónias de colonos, centros imperiais e grupos nativos. A partir do estudo do imperialismo colonial europeu, explica como se deu a desintegração dos Estados-nacionais que continham os artifícios necessários para o surgimento posterior de movimentos e governos totalitários. Este nos coloca diante de um novo formato de governo, que, ao passo que desafia as leis positivas, não age sem a orientação de uma lei, nem é arbitrário, pois afirma seguir as leis da natureza, ou da história; recorre à autoridade a que as leis positivas recebem sua legitimidade final.
Literasi Teknologi: Desain Prototype untuk Mendeteksi Bencana Kebakaran Menggunakan Teknologi IoT Berbasis Raspberry Pi
Authors: Mubasir Yazid 
Published: August 2021

<span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi teknologi peserta didik melalui teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) berbasis Raspberry Pi dan aplikasi grapi (Aplikasi Monitoring Grafik dan Api) yang memiliki fungsi mendeteksi bencana kebakaran. Modul mikrokomputer Raspberry Pi dengan bahasa pemrogaman python digunakan untuk menterjemahkan data yang diperoleh sensor suhu dan sensor api. Sensor tersebut memonitor area lingkungan sekitarnya dan mengumpulkan data yang diperoleh. Sensor mengambil data suhu/kelembaban dan keberadaan api, kemudian dibaca oleh modul Raspberry Pi. Modul akan mengirimkan pesan text peringatan ke aplikasi di smartphone peserta didik, apabila sensor api menangkap sinyal keberadaan api. Pada waktu yang bersamaan, modul juga mengirimkan data suhu/kelembaban dan kondisi lingkungan ke database server. Peserta didik menggunakan aplikasi berbasis android yang diberi nama “grapi” yaitu Aplikasi Monitoring Grafik dan Api untuk menampilkan dan menganalisis text dan grafik yang datanya diperoleh dari database server. Hasil analisis oleh peserta didik sebagai dasar untuk pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan bencana kebakaran.</span></em></span>
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA dengan Metode Teams Assisted Individualization
Authors: Haddar Gamar Al , Novita Ayu 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of science through cooperative learning methods of the Teams Assisted Individualization type. In grade IVA students at SD10 010 Sungai Kukung in the 2018/2019 school year. This type of research is classroom action research with 34 research subjects. Data collection techniques used in this study were Observation, Test and Documentation. This research was conducted in 3 cycles and each cycle consisted of 2 meetings, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. The results showed that there was an increase in each cycle with the percentage in cycle I 32.35% then increased in cycle II to 58.82% and increased again in cycle III to 94.11%. Conclusions, while the results of the value of skills and attitude values ​​that include the value of social attitudes and spiritual attitudes also experience an increase in each aspect. Thus the Teams Assisted Individualization Method can improve student learning outcomes in Natural Sciences.
Keywords: Teams Assisted Individualization Method, Learning Outcomes
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Hadi Mario Sarwo 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the STAD type cooperative learning model on student physics learning outcomes on the Mechanical Wave material in class XI MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat T.P 2019/2020. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with a population of all students of class XI even semester at MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat. The research sample was taken 2 classes determined by random sampling technique, namely Class XI MIA 1 as an experimental class using the STAD type cooperative learning model and class XI MIA 2 as a control class using a conventional learning model. The results showed that the paired-sample t test in the table above obtained a t value of 4.247 > t table 2000 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005. In conclusion, there is a significant effect on the use of the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes on the subject matter of straight motion in class XI MAN 1 Tanjung Jabung Barat.
Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Cooperative Learning Model, STAD
Pengembangan Modul Ilustratif Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Bermuatan Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Noperi Hendri , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Aminah Nonoh Siti 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to develop and determine the quality of the illustrative module of guided inquiry-based physics learning with character education. This research was a development research (R&D) which refers to the Borg & Gall model. The limited trial was carried out on 10 grade VII students and the expanded trial was carried out on 31 grade VIIA students at SMP Negeri 24 Surakarta. The data were taken using test techniques for cognitive learning outcomes, and observation techniques for character and psychomotor learning outcomes. Furthermore, it was analyzed by using two-sample paired t-test, while the psychomotor and affective learning outcomes were analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the illustrative module of guided inquiry-based Physics learning containing character education was developed to have a total average score of 265.5 with the "very good" category. In conclusion, there was an increase in student learning outcomes after following the learning process using this developed illustrative module.
Key words: Learning Outcomes, Product Quality, Illustration Modules, Research and Development