bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nascent RNA 4sU labelling and enrichment
Authors: Beagrie Robert A. , Downes Damien J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
4sU-seq allows for measuring or nascent transcription which can reflect dynamic changes more accurately than traditional RNA-seq. Incorporation of the nucleoside analog 4-thiouridine into RNA allows the separation of nascent transcripts though reversible coupling to biotin and streptavdin bead pull-down. The protocol takes roughly two days to generate a sequencing ready library.
Mouse fetal liver erythroid population separation using FACS.
Authors: Beagrie Robert A. , Downes Damien J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Through-out erythropoiesis cells undergo several morphological and regulatory changes. In mouse, these changes can be characterized through isolation of specific intermediate populations based on the surface levels of Ter119 (Glycophorin A-associated protein/Ly-76) and CD71 (Transferrin receptor 1)1-2. This method takes roughly one day and can be used to generate sufficient cells for most high-throughput sequencing techniques with low input adaptations.
Molecular Insight into the Knockdown Resistance (kdr) in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc) Gene of the Main Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Discovery of Novel Regional Specific Point Mutation A1007G in Malaysia.
Authors: Akhir Mas Azlin M. , Wajidi Mustafa F. F. , Lavoué Sébastien , Azzam Ghows , Jaafar Izhan Shahrin , Besar Noor Aslinda Ummi Awang Besar Awang , Ishak Intan Haslina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Characterization of the insecticide resistance mechanism imparts the society with the information on the evolutionary process involved in the adaptation of Aedes aegypti mosquito to environmental changes. Investigating the phenotypic status of the target mosquitoes, their resistance level as well as elucidating the genotypic profile provides information about the involvement of insecticide resistance mechanism, in terms of portraying the evolution of resistance in the field, to eventually managing vector control programmes. In this current study, we investigated the quantification responses for the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Ae. aegypti population from different states in Malaysia. Methods: We tested insecticide susceptibility status of adult Ae. aegypti from populations of States of Penang, Selangor and Kelantan (Peninsular Malaysia) against 0.25% permethrin and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl through WHO bioassay kit. Permethrin-resistant and permethrin susceptible samples were then genotyped for domains II and III in the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene using allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) for the presence of diagnostic single nucleotide mutations. AS-PCR results were then validated in sequencing these two domains to identify any possible additional point mutations. Results: Adult WHO bioassay revealed that populations of Ae. aegypti from these three states were highly resistant towards 0.25% permethrin and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl. Genotyping results showed that three knockdown (kdr) mutations (i.e. S989P, V1016G and F1534C) were associated with pyrethroid resistance in these populations. We also report for the first time the presence of the A1007G mutation in Malaysian populations of Ae. aegypti.Conclusions: This study brings an insight on the occurrence and association of point mutations with insecticide resistance in Malaysian populations of Ae. aegypti. The results reveal the widespread of several kdr mutations in the field with the consequence to compromise the use of pyrethroid insecticides in vector control programmes. Knowledge on the distribution of target site resistance throughout Malaysia is vital to ensure the success of the insecticide-based vector control programme.
High Level Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Infections at a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ojewuyi Abiodun Ronke , Odetoyin Babatunde , Aboderin Aaron Oladipo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has become a growing clinical concern worldwide. Recent reports from Nigeria revealed that qunolone resistant clinical isolates have become commomplace. However, few reports regarding the prevalence of PMQR are available. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMQR genes in qunolone resistant clinical isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital based study involving 390 non-repetitive Gram negative bacilli from diverse clinical infections. The isolates were characterized by the MicrobactTM identification kit and their susceptibility patterns determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All quinolone resistant isolates were investigated for the carriage of PMQR genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.Results The isolates were distributed as Escherichia coli (n=121; 31.0%), Klebsiella species (n= 112;28.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=59;15.1%), Proteus species (n=43;11.0%), Salmonella species (n=6;1.3%) and others. They were commonly resistant to nalidixic (62.6%), co-amoxiclav (57.7%); norfloxacin (52.3%), ofloxacin(52.1%) and ciprofloxacin(51.0%), but were least resistant to imipenem; (n=36; 9.2%). Out of 244 isolates that were resistant to at least one quinolone, 180 (73.8%) harboured one or more PMQR gene with a high prevalence of efflux-mediating determinants (qepA, 22.5%; oqxAB, 21.1%), and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6’)-Ib-cr, 19.7%). Proportionately low level of target-protecting determinants; qnrB, 13.2%; qnrS, 8.7%; qnrA, 5.9%; qnrD, 4.5% and qnrC, 4.2% were found in these isolates.Conclusion There is high level quinolone resistance and wide distribution of PMQR genes in clinical isolates in Nigeria with a preponderance of Efflux-mediating determinants and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. This emphasizes the need for regular resistance surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to guide the appropriate and judicious use of antibiotics.
A rare case report: an inextricable shoulder pain as the exclusive presentation of lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis over contralateral clavicle
Authors: Wu Karl , Huang Yu-Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Lung cancer is the fourth most common form of tumor spreading to the bone. Among all patients of the lung carcinoma, the most common sites of bone metastasis are vertebrae, ribs, and pelvis. By comparison, the clavicle is an extremely rare site of metastases in not only the population of lung cancers but among all type of tumors. Enlightened by this existing fact, we would like to share our experience of management of an uncommon clavicular metastasis and illuminate the obscure mechanism of its scarcity.Case presentation:A 56-year-old female without any preknown systemic disease had suffered from a sole intermittent right shoulder pain without any other discomfort for 3 months. Physical examination performed at our orthopedic department showed tenderness over right distal third of clavicle with limited range- of-motion of right shoulder. EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis over right clavicle resulting in a pathological fracture was diagnosed according to the result of incisional biopsy. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy accompanied with target therapy was performed.Eighteen months postoperatively, the clavicle pain was found to be subsided with stationary bony lesion under appropriate medication and palliative radiotherapy during the subsequent follow-up. Conclusions:The clavicle is an exceedingly unusual site with 2% of metastatic involvement of all type of tumors and only 1% among the population of carcinoma of lung due to its scanty red marrow and sparse vascular supply. Despite unpleasant prognosis of clavicular metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma, promising quality of life is achievable under multidisciplinary management.
The Relationship Between Genetic Variants Associated with Premature Menopause and Lipid Profile in Women Recruited from MASHAD Cohort Study
Authors: Mirinezhad Mohammad Reza , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Aghsizadeh Maliheh , Bidary Mohammad Zamiri , Naghipour Alireza , Hasanzadeh Elahe , Yaghooti-Khorasani Mahdiyeh , Dabagh Ali Ebrahimi , Moghadam Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani , Andalibi Nazanin Sheikh , Far Zeynab Naseri , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A , Hamzehloei Tayebeh , Pasdar Alireza , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and aim: Premature menopause (PM) is defined by the occurrence of the menopause before the age of 40 years. It is often associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between PM-associated genotypes cardio metabolic disorder risk factors. Methods: One hundred seventeen women with PM and one hundred eighty-three healthy women without PM were recruited in this study. DNA was extracted and analyzed using ASO-PCR or Tetra ARMS-PCR. Lipid profiles were also assessed.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with GG vs. TT genotype of the rs1046089 SNP were more likely to have high serum LDL risk (p = 0.03) compared to the control group. There was also a significant association between low serum HDL risk and rs2303369 and rs4806660 SNP genotypes in the PM group. In the PM group, the percentage of those with a high total cholesterol was lower in those with a CC genotype compared to those with a TT genotype (p = 0.03).Conclusion: Some SNPs reported to be associated with PM appear to be independently associated with dyslipidemia. These results may be helpful to identify subjects with PM who may be susceptible to CVD.
The Potential of Heart Risk Score to Detect the Existence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease According to Syntax Score at the Emergency Department
Authors: drissi Hamed Bazrafshan , Dehghani Fatemeh , Zolghadr Abdolali , Izadpanah Peyman , Razeghian-Jahromi iman , Bazrafshan Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients presenting with chest pain (CP) at the emergency departments are challenging cases for the physicians to make valid decisions with regard to acute coronary syndrome, which needs urgent medical intervention while the majority of the admitted patients are free from serious cardiac problems. The present study was done to investigate the potential of Heart Risk Score in detecting the existence and severity of coronary artery disease in CP patients based on Syntax score.Methods: Among CP patients who were admitted at the emergency department, 100 participants were selected. Heart Risk Score was calculated for each participant on admission. Two independent cardiologists also calculated the Syntax score after angiography was done for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score.Results: The median age of participants was 58.42±12.42 with the majority (65%) being male. The mean Heart Risk Score of the patients was 5.76±1.56 (min=3, max=9) and the mean Syntax score was 14.82±11.42(min=0, max=44.5). Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.493 (P<0.001) between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score which was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to our findings a Heart Risk Score of more than 6 has a 52% sensitivity and a 74.7% specificity to detect extensive coronary artery involvement (Syntax score>22).Conclusion: We found that there is a positive and significant correlation between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score which underlines the importance of using Heart Risk Score in emergency departments to reduce unnecessary invasive interventions in patients presenting with chest pain.
A pivotal restructuring of modelling the control of COVID-19 during and after massive vaccination for the next few years
Authors: Cruz Jose B , Ronquillo Tirso A , Sangalang Ralph G B , Amante Albertson D , Ronquillo Divina G D , Peralta Janice F , Chua Antonette V , Jose Oliver L J A , Inojosa Raynell A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new mathematical feedback model to demonstrate how direct observations of the epidemiological compartments of population could be mapped to inputs, such that the social spread of the disease is asymptotically subdued. Details of the stabilization and robustness are included. This is a pivotal restructuring of modelling the control of corona virus from the current models in use world-wide which do not utilize feedback of functions of epidemiological compartments of population to construct the inputs. Although several vaccines have received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) massive vaccination would take several years to reach herd immunity in most countries. Furthermore, the period of efficacy of the vaccination may be approximately one year only resulting in an unending vaccination. Even during the vaccination, there would be an urgent need to control the spread of the virus. When herd immunity is reached and vaccination is discontinued, there would be new surges of the disease. These surges of disease are not possible in appropriately designed stable feedback models. However, extensive testing, contact tracing, and medical treatment of those found infected, must be maintained.
Norepinephrine Modulates IL-1β-induced Catabolic Response of Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Hwang Hyun Sook , Lee Mi Hyun , Go Dong Jin , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe influence of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on metabolism of bone and cartilage expressing β-adrenergic receptors (AR) was suggested. Here, we investigated the relation between SNS and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced cartilage metabolism.MethodsHuman articular chondrocytes and articular cartilage were collected from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Chondrocyte monolayer and cartilage explant culture were stimulated with IL-1β. The activity of β-ARs was modulated by an agonist, norepinephrine (NE), and antagonists, including propranolol, atenolol, nebivolol, and nadolol.ResultsThe levels of β1-, β2-, and β3-AR in OA cartilage and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes were lower than normal cartilage and untreated cells. Treatment of chondrocytes with IL-1β and β-blockers, including propranolol, atenolol, nebivolol, and nadolol, for 6 h significantly upregulated IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13, compared to chondrocytes treated with IL-1β alone, indicating that antagonism of β-AR confers catabolic signals. On the other hand, NE antagonized IL-1β-induced catabolic response. In addition, NE significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from cartilage explant culture. In addition, β-AR activity significantly affected IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK. These results indicate that β-AR signal is associated with cartilage metabolism.ConclusionsOur findings showed that β-ARs is a regulator of cartilage catabolism induced with IL-1β.
Intraparietal stimulation disrupts negative distractor effects in human multi-alternative decision-making
Authors: Kohl Carmen , Wong Michelle , Rushworth Matthew , Chau Bolton 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There has been debate about whether addition of an irrelevant distractor option to an otherwise binary decision influences which of the two choices is taken. We show that disparate views on this question are reconciled if distractors exert two opposing but not mutually exclusive effects. Each effect predominates in a different part of decision space: 1) a positive distractor effect predicts high-value distractors improve decision-making; 2) a negative distractor effect, of the type associated with divisive normalisation models entails decreased accuracy with increased distractor values. Here, we demonstrate both distractor effects and show disruption of medial intraparietal area (MIP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases positive distractor effects at the expense of negative distractor effects. Furthermore, individuals with larger MIP volumes are also less susceptible to the disruption induced by TMS. These findings also demonstrate a causal link between MIP and the impact of distractors on decision-making.
Factors Associated with Mortality in Hospitalized Older Adults with COVID-19: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Marziliano Allison , Makhnevich Alex , Liu Yan , Qiu Michael , Zhang Meng , Ardito Suzanne , Carney Maria , Diefenbach Michael , Davidson Karina , Burns Edith 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Age has been implicated as the main risk factor for COVID-19-related mortality. Our objective was to determine patient factors associated with mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adults age 65+ (N=4,949) hospitalized with COVID-19 in the greater New York metropolitan area between 3/1/20-4/20/20. Data included patient demographics and clinical presentation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. Results: Average age 77.3 (SD=8.4), 56.0% male, 20.8% African American, 15.1% Hispanic. In a multivariate analysis, male gender (OR=1.47), higher comorbidity index (OR=1.10), admission from a facility (lower baseline function; OR=1.71), early DNR (declining life-sustaining treatments, OR=2.45), and higher illness severity (higher MEWS, OR=6.26, and higher oxygen requirements, OR=15.00) were associated with mortality, while age was not (p = 0.22). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to look beyond age in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 when considering prognosis and treatment decisions.
The G Protein-Coupled Receptor, VPAC1, is The Principle Driver for VIP Deficiency-Induced Alterations of Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice.
Authors: Manpreet Bains , Waschek James , Ericsson Aaron , Dorsam Glenn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Previous studies in our lab linked vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling to gut microbiota stability. Although VIP-deficient mice demonstrated a gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by a reduction in both the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and α-diversity, the mechanism for this observation was not known. To this end, we conducted a similar study analyzing fecal samples from VIP receptor-deficient mice, known as VPAC1 and VPAC2, by 16S rRNA sequencing. Samples from male and female wildtype (WT, n=30), heterozygous (HET, n=31) and homozygous mutant (KO, n=32) mice were analyzed. Our data revealed that genetic deletion of either receptor resulted in statistically significant changes in fecal β-diversity, with VPAC1 KO samples also demonstrating loss in bacterial α-diversity. Comparing 94 statistically altered OTUs from VPAC1 samples, more than 62% were similar to those found in VIP KO samples. We conclude that VIP→VPAC1 signaling is a major driving force regulating intestinal homeostasis and a stable gut microbiota.
Laboratory investigation of coupled electrical interaction of fracturing rock with gases
Authors: Enomoto Yuji , Yamabe Tsuneaki , Sugiura Shigeki , Kondo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created cracked surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stimulated, released into the crack due to the temperature rise at the crack tip via plastic work, and attached to ambient gas molecules to electrify them in a negative state. Using a working hypothesis that this mechanism is the source mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, we conducted laboratory experiments in which rocks were fractured with pressurized N 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 , and hot water vapour. Fractures were induced by a flat-ended indenter equipped with a flow channel, which was loaded against blocks of quartz diorite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Fracture-induced negatively electrified gas currents at ̴ 25 °C and ̴160 °C were successfully measured for approximately a hundred microseconds or more after full development of the crack. The peak electric currents were as high as 0.05–3 mA, depending on the rock species and interaction area of fractured rock and gas and to a lesser extent on the gas species and temperature. The peak current from fracturing granite, which showed higher g-ray activity, was at least 10 times higher than that from fracturing gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt. The results supported the validity of the present working hypothesis, that coupled interaction of fracturing rock with deep Earth gases during quasi-static rupture of rocks in the focal zone of a fault might play an important role in the generation of pre- and co-seismic electromagnetic phenomena.
Exploration of the Development Direction of China Power Design Institute
Authors: Zhou Man Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With the high-quality development of the global economy, China’s power industry is accelerating its upgrading and transformation in accordance with the requirements of building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient manner. As the front-end industry of the power industry, related Power Design Institutes are also facing the challenge of transformation pressure. This study believes that the Power Design Institute should be market-oriented to change its concept, mainly from three aspects: transform from traditional coal-fired power generation business to new energy power generation business, and develop photovoltaic, wind power, biomass power generation and other new energy power generation businesses; The traditional design method is transformed into a digital and intelligent design method, and advanced technologies such as BIM and blockchain are fully utilized in the design process; from a simple design business to a whole-process consulting business, Transition from a simple design business to a whole-process consulting business, horizontally expand the design business to the entire process from pre-planning to post-project evaluation, and initially expand the business types to include project management, investment consulting, bidding consulting, and general contracting services, supervision business, procurement consulting, etc.