bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Adiponectin‐Notch pathway in cognitive dysfunction associated with depression and in the therapeutic effect of physical exercise
Authors: You Jingjing , Sun Linshan , Wang Jiangong , Sun Fengjiao , Wang Wentao , Wang Dan , Fan Xueli , Liu Dunjiang , Xu Zhicheng , Qiu Changyun , Chen Jinbo , Yan Haijing , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA substantial percentage of late‐life depression patients also have an cognitive impairment, which severely affects the life quality, while the co‐occurring mechanisms are still unclear. Physical exercise can ameliorate both depressive behaviors and cognitive dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain elusive. In this study, we uncover a novel adipose tissue to hippocampus crosstalk mediated by Adiponectin‐Notch pathway, with an impact on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived hormone, could activate Notch signaling in the hippocampus through upregulating ADAM10 and Notch1, two key molecules in the Notch signaling. Chronic stress inhibits the Adiponectin‐Notch pathway and induces impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive dysfunction, which can be rescued by AdipoRon and running. Inhibition Notch signaling by DAPT mimics the adverse effects of chronic stress on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adiponectin knockout mice display depressive‐like behaviors, associated with inhibited Notch signaling, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive dysfunction. Physical exercise could activate Adiponectin‐Notch pathway, and improve hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, while deleting adiponectin gene or inhibiting Notch signaling blocks its beneficial effects. Together, our data not only suggest that Adiponectin‐Notch pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction associated with depression, but also contributes to the therapeutic effect of physical exercise. This work helps to decipher the etiology of cognitive impairment associated with depression and hence will provide a potential innovative therapeutic target for these patients.
SIRT2‐knockdown rescues GARS‐induced Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Xie Liangguo , Shen Chao , Qi Qian , Qin Yicai , Xing Juan , Zhou Dejian , Qi Yun , Yan Zhiqiang , Lin Xinhua , Dai Rongyang , Lin Jinzhong , Yu Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. Dominant mutations in the glycyl‐tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene cause peripheral nerve degeneration and lead to CMT disease type 2D. The underlying mechanisms of mutations in GARS (GARSCMT2D) in disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we report that wild‐type GARS binds the NAD+‐dependent deacetylase SIRT2 and inhibits its deacetylation activity, resulting in the acetylated α‐tubulin, the major substrate of SIRT2. The catalytic domain of GARS tightly interacts with SIRT2, which is the most CMT2D mutation localization. However, CMT2D mutations in GARS cannot inhibit SIRT2 deacetylation, which leads to a decrease of acetylated α‐tubulin. Genetic reduction of SIRT2 in the Drosophila model rescues the GARS‐induced axonal CMT neuropathy and extends the life span. Our findings demonstrate the pathogenic role of SIRT2‐dependent α‐tubulin deacetylation in mutant GARS‐induced neuropathies and provide new perspectives for targeting SIRT2 as a potential therapy against hereditary axonopathies.
Effect of high population density of eastern black rhinoceros, a mega‐browser, on the quality of its diet
Authors: Okita‐Ouma Benson , Pettifor Richard , Clauss Marcus , Prins Herbert H. T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh density of herbivore populations can lead to intense foraging competition and depletion of food consequently lowering diet quality and population performance. We tested for the effects of the density of eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in ninein situpopulations of 0.01–0.7 individuals per km2density range on the quality of their diet while controlling for plant available moisture and plant available nutrients. We used faecal calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc concentrations as proxy indices for dietary quality from 473 fresh faecal samples obtained from 77 adult animalsin situ, after determining a positive faeces‐diet mineral correlation in feeding trials with black rhinoceros in zoos. Some populations surpassed 70%–80% of their estimated maximum stocking densities expected to cause impact on forage. However, we did not find significant correlation between rhino population density and dietary quality, as measured via faecal mineral nutrient content. This suggests that black rhinoceros may have sufficient behavioural plasticity to adjust their diet to cover their nutritional requirements when density increases. Instead, 1‐month lagged plant available moisture, reflecting precipitation over the 4 weeks preceding each sampling effort, significantly explained the mineral concentrations in the faeces. By contrast, plant available nutrients had no effect.
Are Australian rural clinical school students' career choices influenced by perceived opinions of primary care? Evidence from the national Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators survey
Authors: La Forgia Adina , Williams Millie , Williams Susan , Walters Lucie , McArthur Lawrie , Gonzalez‐Chica David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether perceived opinions of primary care are associated with student career preferences after graduation among a rural clinical school cohort and whether the preferred location of practice moderates these relationships.DesignCross‐sectional study using data from the national Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators survey.Participants/SettingMedical students across 18 Australian universities who completed a clinical year in a rural setting in 2019.Main outcome measure(s)Career preference in primary care after graduation.ResultsThe survey was completed by 624 students (response rate = 69.9%). A preference for primary care was reported by 35.5% (95% CI: 29.4‐42.0) of students and was more likely among those age 30+ years, with a rural background, or preferring to practise rurally after graduation. Students reported that primary care was more commonly respected by medical academics (66.8%) than peers (24.0%) or junior/hospital doctors (24.0%). In adjusted analysis, none of the perceived opinions were associated with student career preferences. However, among students aiming to work in small rural locations, a career in primary care was associated with more frequent reports that peers had poor opinions of primary care (P = .004).ConclusionRural clinical school students perceive negative opinions of primary care, particularly among peers and junior/hospital doctors. Students aiming to work in small towns after graduation are more likely to report negative opinions among their peers, suggesting they may be more attuned to negative attitudes. This points to the need for a community of practice of like‐minded peers and clinicians to preserve the career interest of these students.
Reliability of Ki67 visual scoring app compared to eyeball estimate and digital image analysis and its prognostic significance in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Arun Indu , Venkatesh Saranya , Ahmed Rosina , Agrawal Sanjit Kumar , Leung Samuel C. Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe analysed the reproducibility of Ki67 labelling index (LI) between two scorers using the International Ki67 Working Group (IKWG) global methods on an Android application (APP), correlated the APP and eyeball estimate (EBE) with digital image analysis (DIA) scores and determined the prognostic significance of Ki67LI. Global weighted (GW) and global unweighted (GUW) Ki67 app scores of hormone receptor‐positive and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)‐negative breast cancer patients were obtained. Reproducibility of Ki67LI between 2 scorers and correlation of APP and EBE scores with DIA scores were performed. The prognostic significance of APP scores and its correlation with other clinico‐pathologic variables were evaluated. The intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) between 2 scorers showed excellent reliability with both GW and GUW methods. ICC between DIA and APP scores was significantly greater than DIA versus EBE. The three categories of APP scores based on median value and cut points of 10%, 18% and 38% were significantly associated with poor DFS. On multivariate analysis, significant association between Ki67LI, tumour size, nodal involvement and DFS was noted. Our study shows that the visual Ki67 scoring app is effective in bringing consistency to KI67LI and APP scores showed significant correlation with DFS.
Alpha‐defensins: risk factor for thrombosis in COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Abdeen Suhair , Bdeir Khalil , Abu‐Fanne Rami , Maraga Emad , Higazi Mohamed , Khurram Nigar , Feldman Michael , Deshpande Charuhas , Litzky Leslie A. , Heyman Samuel N. , Montone Kathleen T. , Cines Douglas B. , Higazi Abd Al‐Roof 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe inflammatory response to SARS/CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) infection may contribute to the risk of thromboembolic complications. α‐Defensins, antimicrobial peptides released from activated neutrophils, are anti‐fibrinolytic and prothrombotic in vitro and in mouse models. In this prospective study of 176 patients with COVID‐19 infection, we found that plasma levels of α‐defensins were elevated, tracked with disease progression/mortality or resolution and with plasma levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and D‐dimers. Immunohistochemistry revealed intense deposition of α‐defensins in lung vasculature and thrombi. IL‐6 stimulated the release of α‐defensins from neutrophils, thereby accelerating coagulation and inhibiting fibrinolysis in human blood, imitating the coagulation pattern in COVID‐19 patients. The procoagulant effect of IL‐6 was inhibited by colchicine, which blocks neutrophil degranulation. These studies describe a link between inflammation and the risk of thromboembolism, and they identify a potential new approach to mitigate this risk in patients with COVID‐19 and potentially in other inflammatory prothrombotic conditions.
Correlation‐Aware Multiple Importance Sampling for Bidirectional Rendering Algorithms
Authors: Grittmann Pascal , Georgiev Iliyan , Slusallek Philipp 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCombining diverse sampling techniques via multiple importance sampling (MIS) is key to achieving robustness in modern Monte Carlo light transport simulation. Many such methods additionally employ correlated path sampling to boost efficiency. Photon mapping, bidirectional path tracing, and path‐reuse algorithms construct sets of paths that share a common prefix. This correlation is ignored by classical MIS heuristics, which can result in poor technique combination and noisy images. We propose a practical and robust solution to that problem. Our idea is to incorporate correlation knowledge into the balance heuristic, based on known path densities that are already required for MIS. This correlation‐aware heuristic can achieve considerably lower error than the balance heuristic, while avoiding computational and memory overhead.
Learning Human Search Behavior from Egocentric Visual Inputs
Authors: Sorokin Maks , Yu Wenhao , Ha Sehoon , Liu C. Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Looking for things” is a mundane but critical task we repeatedly carry on in our daily life. We introduce a method to develop a human character capable of searching for a randomly located target object in a detailed 3D scene using its locomotion capability and egocentric vision perception represented as RGBD images. By depriving the privileged 3D information from the human character, it is forced to move and look around simultaneously to account for the restricted sensing capability, resulting in natural navigation and search behaviors. Our method consists of two components: 1) a search control policy based on an abstract character model, and 2) an online replanning control module for synthesizing detailed kinematic motion based on the trajectories planned by the search policy. We demonstrate that the combined techniques enable the character to effectively find often occluded household items in indoor environments. The same search policy can be applied to different full body characters without the need of retraining. We evaluate our method quantitatively by testing it on randomly generated scenarios. Our work is a first step toward creating intelligent virtual agents with human‐like behaviors driven by onboard sensors, paving the road toward future robotic applications.
School bullying and health‐related quality of life in Chinese school‐aged children and adolescents
Authors: Xiao Hui , Gong Zepeng , Ba Zhanlong , Doolan‐Noble Fiona , Han Ziqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo explore the association between bullying and HRQoL among Chinese school‐aged children and adolescents utilizing a cross‐sectional survey design. Bivariate associations were used to determine the correlation between the experience of bullying and lower HRQoL, and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated. A total of 2,155 participants, 32.57%, reported experiencing bullying: traditional bullying, 27.80% (n = 599) (β = −3.55, p < .001, SE = 0.41), and cyberbullying, 7.47% (n = 161) (β = −2.50, p < .001, SE = 0.71). The degree of traditional bullying (β = −10.28, p < .001, SE = 1.19) was negatively significantly associated with HRQoL. Other determinants of the impact of the bullying in this cohort were the children's school performance and their relationship with parents, teachers and classmates.
Emotional eating as predictor of weight loss 2 years after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Romeijn Marleen M. , Schellekens Jessica , Bonouvrie Daniëlle S. , Janssen Loes , van Dielen François M. H. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , van de Wal Marieke 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThere has been little agreement on the predictive value of emotional eating on weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of preoperative emotional eating, in response to clearly labelled emotions and diffuse emotions, on excess weight loss (EWL) and total weight loss (TWL) 2 years after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). All participants included in this retrospective cohort study were screened for RYGB surgery by a multidisciplinary team. The level of emotional eating was derived from the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ); the level of psychological variables from the Symptom Checklist‐90. Participants were clustered, based on their DEBQ score, in high and low emotional eaters. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between preoperative emotional eating and EWL, and TWL. There were no significant differences in EWL of the 172 included participants, defined as either high or low emotional eaters (EWL 82.7% ±18.2 versus 82.4% ±21.3, respectively). Based on the regression analysis, emotional eating was not significantly associated with EWL, nor with TWL. When corrected for psychological, demographic and biological variables, preoperative emotional eating in response to diffuse emotions negatively affected EWL (β = −0.16, P = 0.048), although this was not applicable for TWL. Preoperative emotional eating does not seem to influence EWL, nor TWL 2 years after RYGB. Since this study faced multiple limitations, further investigation is required regarding the predictive value of emotional eating.
Cathepsin K deficiency promotes alveolar bone regeneration by promoting jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation via glycolysis pathway
Authors: Zhang Wuyang , Dong Zhiwei , Li Dengke , Li Bei , Liu Yuan , Zheng Xueni , Liu Hui , Zhou Hongzhi , Hu Kaijin , Xue Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the possible role and mechanism of Cathepsin K (CTSK) in alveolar bone regeneration mediated by jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (JBMMSC).Materials and MethodsTooth extraction models of Ctsk knockout mice (Ctsk‐/‐) and their wildtype (WT) littermates were used to investigate the effect of CTSK on alveolar bone regeneration. The influences of deletion or inhibition of CTSK by odanacatib (ODN) on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of JBMMSC were assessed by CCK‐8, Western blot and alizarin red staining. To explore the differently expressed genes, RNA from WT and Ctsk‐/‐ JBMMSC was sent to RNA‐seq. ECAR, glucose consumption and lactate production were measured to identify the effect of Ctsk deficiency or inhibition on glycolysis. At last, we explored whether Ctsk deficiency or inhibition promoted JBMMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through glycolysis.ResultsWe found out that Ctsk knockout could promote alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. In vitro, we confirmed that both Ctsk knockout and inhibition by ODN could promote proliferation of JBMMSC, up‐regulate expression of Runx2 and ALP, and enhance matrix mineralization. RNA‐seq results showed that coding genes of key enzymes in glycolysis were significantly up‐regulated in Ctsk‐/‐ JBMMSC, and Ctsk deficiency or inhibition could promote glycolysis in JBMMSC. After blocking glycolysis by 3PO, the effect of Ctsk deficiency or inhibition on JBMMSC’s regeneration was blocked subsequently.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that Ctsk knockout or inhibition could promote alveolar bone regeneration by enhancing JBMMSC regeneration via glycolysis. These results shed new lights on the regulatory mechanism of CTSK on bone regeneration.
Can creating sustainable livelihoods with communities impact cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) conservation in Colombia?
Authors: Maynard Lily , Savage Anne , Vega Johanna , DeWan Amielle , Díaz Leysthen , Gezon Zak , Guillen Rosamira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConservation and development organizations around the world are increasingly promoting livelihood programs for rural communities as a means of creating sustainable alternatives to activities destructive to remaining wildlife and habitats. In impoverished communities in Colombia adjacent forest patches with critically endangered cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), this study evaluates alternative livelihood programs' impact on participating community members' income, wellbeing, sustainable resource use, and attitudes about cotton‐top tamarin conservation. We surveyed program participants, their neighbors, and members of reference communities nearby for comparison (n = 253). Participants in the alternative livelihood programs had significantly more access to resources and benefits compared to both the non‐participating neighbors and people from the reference communities. However, results revealed challenges of scaling up the programs to include more community members. Participants' attitudes toward sustainable resource use and cotton‐top tamarin conservation were not stronger than others who do not receive benefits from the alternative livelihoods programs, and at times were contrary to the conservation goals, revealing a gap in program training for newer participants. Conservation programs using alternative livelihood strategies can apply the lessons learned in our 16 years of implementation and this post hoc evaluation to strengthen the connection between alternative livelihoods and conservation goals.
981. ROSA GIGANTEA
Authors: Rix Martyn 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRosa gigantea Collett ex Crépin, is illustrated. Its history in cultivation and distribution in China and the Himalaya are discussed. It is one of the most heat‐tolerant of roses, and already the parent of hybrids suitable for warm climates; if global temperatures rise, its progeny will become even more valuable.
TWO ENDEMIC AND CRITICALLY ENDANGERED RYUKYU ISLAND LILIES LILIUM NOBILISSIMUM AND LILIUM UKEYURI (LILIACEAE)
Authors: Compton James 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThree white trumpet‐flowered species of Lilium native to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, L. longiflorum and the critically endangered endemics L. nobilissimum and L. ukeyuri have been extensively confused in the literature. These are fully described, their history and nomenclature are discussed and a key and full descriptions are provided for identification. Lectotypes are designated for the names Lilium harrissii Carrière, L. japonicum f. nobilissimum Makino, L. longiflorum var. suaveolens Edwards, L. longiflorum var. wilsonii T. Moore and L. ukeyuri R. Hogg. A neotype is designated for the name L. eximium Siebold ex Courtois.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions on psychosocial and behavioural outcomes among Australian adults with type 2 diabetes: Findings from the PREDICT cohort study
Authors: Sacre Julian W. , Holmes‐Truscott Elizabeth , Salim Agus , Anstey Kaarin J. , Drummond Grant R. , Huxley Rachel R. , Magliano Dianna J. , van Wijngaarden Peter , Zimmet Paul Z. , Speight Jane , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo examine psychosocial and behavioural impacts of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and lockdown restrictions among adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants enrolled in the PRogrEssion of DIabetic ComplicaTions (PREDICT) cohort study in Melbourne, Australia (n = 489 with a baseline assessment pre‐2020) were invited to complete a phone/online follow‐up assessment in mid‐2020 (i.e., amidst COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions). Repeated assessments that were compared with pre‐COVID‐19 baseline levels included anxiety symptoms (7‐item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD‐7]), depressive symptoms (8‐item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐8]), diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes scale [PAID]), physical activity/sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and diabetes self‐management behaviours. Additional once‐off measures at follow‐up included COVID‐19‐specific worry, quality of life (QoL), and healthcare appointment changes (telehealth engagement and appointment cancellations/avoidance).ResultsAmong 470 respondents (96%; aged 66 ± 9 years, 69% men), at least ‘moderate’ worry about COVID‐19 infection was reported by 31%, and 29%–73% reported negative impacts on QoL dimensions (greatest for: leisure activities, feelings about the future, emotional well‐being). Younger participants reported more negative impacts (p < 0.05). Overall, anxiety/depressive symptoms were similar at follow‐up compared with pre‐COVID‐19, but diabetes distress reduced (p < 0.001). Worse trajectories of anxiety/depressive symptoms were observed among those who reported COVID‐19‐specific worry or negative QoL impacts (p < 0.05). Physical activity trended lower (~10%), but sitting time, alcohol consumption and glucose‐monitoring frequency remained unchanged. 73% of participants used telehealth, but 43% cancelled a healthcare appointment and 39% avoided new appointments despite perceived need.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 lockdown restrictions negatively impacted QoL, some behavioural risk factors and healthcare utilisation in adults with type 2 diabetes. However, generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms remained relatively stable.