bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Efficacy of the Argon Green, Argon Blue-Green, and Krypton Red Lasers for 10-0 Nylon Subconjunctival Laser Suture Lysis
Authors: Mudgil Ananth V , To King W , Balachandran Ram M , Janigian Robert H , Tsiaras William G 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal wavelength for subconjunctival laser suture lysis.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: 130 black monofilament 10-0 nylon sutures were sewn subconjunctivally into the bare sclera of enucleated rabbit globes. The lowest energy levels facilitating laser suture lysis were determined for the argon green (514.5 NM), argon blue-green (488.0 NM, 514.5 NM), and krypton red (647.1 NM) wavelengths. In addition, absorption spectroscopy was performed on the suture material and conjunctiva using the Perkin Elmer W/VIS Lambda 2 spectrometer.
* RESULTS: Krypton red produced the fewest buttonhole defects, and it was also the most efficient energy source for suture lysis (P = 0.0001) under nontenectomized conjunctiva. Absorbance spectra studies revealed peak absorbance at 628 NM for the 10-0 nylon suture material.
* CONCLUSIONS: Based on animal and absorption spectroscopy studies, krypton red may be a safer and more efficient wavelength for subconjunctival laser suture lysis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:560-564.]
Use of Topical Brimonidine to Prevent Intraocular Pressure Elevations Following Nd:YAG-Laser Posterior Capsulotomy
Authors: Gartaganis Sotirios P , Mela Ephigenia K , Katsimpris John M , Petropoulos John K , Karamanos PhD Nikos K , Koliopoulos John X 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical brimonidine tartrate 0.2% (Allergan, Irvine, CA) in the prophylactic treatment of acute intraocular pressure (IOP) rises following Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a doublemasked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study in 60 patients who underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after extracapsular cataract extraction. Two doses of brimonidine or vehicle were administered before and after capsulotomy. Intraocular pressure was measured prior to commencing instillation and for 48 hours postoperatively
* RESULTS: Following posterior capsulotomy, the brimonidine group showed a significant mean percent reduction in IOP, while the vehicle group showed a significant mean percent increase in IOP At 48 hours, mean IOP of both groups had returned to pre-laser level. There were no differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of clinical adverse experiences.
* CONCLUSION: Two-dose brimonidine tartrate 0.2% effectively prevents acute IOP rises after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:647-652.]
Intraocular Pressure Changes in the Vitreon Study
Authors: Batman Cosar , Çekiç Osman , Totan Yüksel , Aslan Özlem , Özalp Solmaz 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To detect the effect of Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (vitreon) on intraocular pressure (IOP) changes.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred-five eyes with proliferative vitreoretmopathy undergoing vitrectomy using vitreon as an intraoperative surgical adjunct were randomized to 2 groups. Vitreon was completely removed in 43 eyes (Group A) at the end of operation while it was left intravitreally in 62 eyes (Group B) for 4 weeks. Patients were followed for at least 18 months.
* RESULTS: During the first postoperative week, 6 eyes (14%) in Group A and 14 eyes (22%) in Group B had IOP of 23 mm Hg or more (P = .393) while no eyes in either group had hypotony. At the last followup 2 eyes (5%) in Group A and 6 eyes (10%) in Group B showed chronic hypotony (P = .561).
* CONCLUSION: Although postoperative chronic hypotony risk increased twofold by vitreon when it was left intravitreally for 4 weeks, this difference was statistically insignificant. Vitreon can be used as a vitreous substitute for 4 weeks in this regard.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:721-726.]
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Patients With Corneal Scarring Due to Trachoma
Authors: Kocak-Midillioglu Inci , Akova Yonca Aydin , Koçak-Altintas Ayse Gul , Aslan Bekir S , Duman Sunay 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trachoma remains the leading cause of preventable corneal blindness. The outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in these patients is usually poor because of the extensive corneal vascularization, adnexal and ocular surface problems. We evaluated the long-term results of PK in patients with corneal scarring due to trachoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The fiels of 16 eyes of 13 patients who underwent PK due to late sequel of trachoma were reviewed.
* RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to finger counting levels. Preoperatively, dry-eyes, meibomian gland dysfunction, trichiasis and cicatricial entropion were treated. Over a mean postoperative follow-up of 26.1 ± 15.6 months (range of 14-61 months), eyes required redrafting due to graft rejection and failure, and corneal ulceration (12.5%). Fourteen eyes remained clear grafts (87.5%), and 13 eyes (81.3%) achieved 0.1 or better visual acuity.
* CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that although patients with corneal scarring due to trachoma are at high risk, PK may be helpful for visual rehabilitation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:734-741.]
L’identité numérique de l’ethnographe.
Authors: Chibois Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

J’expose dans cet article les enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques que posent aux ethnographes les mondes sociaux où les modalités d’articulation entre les sociabilités en ligne et hors ligne ne font pas l’unanimité parmi les acteurs sociaux, au point de générer des controverses. Dans ce type de terrain, caractérisé par une « multiplexité dynamique », les logiques interactionnelles sont contradictoires et mouvantes, ce dont l’ethnographe doit tenir compte pour mener son enquête. En prenant pour exemple mon terrain à l’Assemblée nationale française entre 2007 et 2019, je montre que l’enquêteur gagne à agir de la même manière que ceux qu’il étudie, en adoptant une posture réflexive quant à son « identité numérique » et en usant de celle-ci pour développer des stratégies destinées à contourner les rigidités que certaines règles de sociabilités locales imposent à ses investigations. Plus largement, cet article entend sensibiliser les étudiants et les chercheurs sur la nécessité de prêter une attention soutenue à leurs propres pratiques numériques lorsqu’ils engagent un travail de terrain, que ce dernier porte sur la question numérique ou non, tant il est probable qu’elles influeront sur l’enquête.
L’extension du plateau continental au large de l’Antarctique : entre volonté de ménager les susceptibilités et défendre ses intérêts
Authors: Choquet Anne 
Published: April 2021

Outre le droit à un plateau continental au large de leurs côtes, les États côtiers peuvent entreprendre des démarches auprès de la Commission des limites du plateau continental pour étendre juridiquement un plateau qui s’étend physiquement au-delà des 200 milles marins des lignes de base à partir desquelles sont mesurées les mers territoriales. Un plateau continental confère aux États des droits souverains sur les ressources naturelles en vue de leur exploitation. Il importe d’étudier la façon dont les États cherchent à concilier le régime juridique singulier de l’Antarctique et les conditions fixées par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer en matière d’extension du plateau continental. Les discussions autour d’une possible extension du plateau continental au large de l’Antarctique illustrent en quoi le «  gel  » des prétentions territoriales reste au cœur de la gestion de toute activité humaine en Antarctique.
Conflits halieutiques en mer de Chine du Sud : impacts sur la gouvernance maritime
Authors: Frécon Eric 
Published: April 2021

L’Asie du Sud-est et la Chine font face à une baisse des stocks de poissons alors que la ressource halieutique constitue le principal apport en protéines des populations riveraines. C’est dans ce contexte que la pêche illégale se développe. Celle-ci pose aussitôt la question de la gouvernance pour tenter de réguler ce fléau, tandis que grandes et petites puissances se font concurrence dans la zone (disputes territoriales, luttes d’influence autour des normes, etc.), à l’échelle aussi bien locale, régionale que supra-régionale. Les relations internationales proposent deux grilles de lectures susceptibles de démêler les enjeux. Celle réaliste met en lumière les intérêts parfois cachés derrière la lutte contre la pêche illégale et le recours au rapport de force, essentiellement bilatéral, comme en Indonésie ou en Chine – en écho à l’idée de «  sécuritisation  » développée par Barry Buzan. Néanmoins, à travers l’action conjuguée, par le bas, d’acteurs multilatéraux et souvent non étatiques, spécialisés plutôt que généralistes, une approche plus libérale, fondée sur la coopération, pourrait progressivement émerger. Il est temps puisque déjà d’autres fléaux risquent de porter atteinte à la «  sécurité humaine  » des populations, telle que définie par les Nations unies dès 1994.
Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet Rich Fibrin
Authors: Balaji V. R. , Thiagarajan Rama Krishnan , Niazi Thanvir Mohamed , Ulaganathan G. , Manikandan D. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Other than releasing a bunch of growth factors and molecules, platelet concentrates (PCs), especially platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has a potential role in antimicrobial activities.

Aim:
The aim of this present systematic review was to collect, evaluate, and compare the available evidence regarding the antimicrobial efficacy of all types of PRF and to highlight the underlying mechanisms along with their potential benefits based on their actions, investigated by clinical and in vitro studies.

Materials and Methods:
Systematic approach was followed in the selection of studies. A detailed search was done in electronic databases such as PUBMED/MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and SCIENCE DIRECT using specific search items with language restricted to English. All in vitro studies and clinical studies which assessed the antimicrobial activity of PRF alone or along with antibiotics or a type of PRF were included in the study. Other studies which included antimicrobial effects of other forms of PCs such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet gel, and animal studies were all excluded from the study.

Results:
After the initial and final screening of articles, only eight met the required criteria, of which seven were in vitro studies and one was a clinical study. All the studies evaluated the efficacy of one or more forms of PRF either against bacterial pathogens or showed inhibition of growth in culture.

Conclusion:
Based on the systematic review, PRF possesses antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens and the exact mechanism of the antimicrobial efficacy needs further investigation. The enhanced property of PRF against pathogens might be due to the release of platelets and preparation protocols such as lesser time and centrifugal speed. Further, PRF should be considered to be used as local drug delivery system which will be a potential treatment against periodontopathogens in the future.
Bacterial Isolates of Surfaces in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Enugu State university Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns
Authors: Asinobi Isaac Nwabueze , Ekwochi Uchenna , Edelu Benedict Onyeka , Iheji Chukwunonso Chigozie , Onu Ngozi Nancy , Ndu Ikenna Kingsley 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The duration of admission in the hospital, mortality rates, and care costs is increased in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICUs) by nosocomial infections (NIs). There is a need for routine and regular environmental sampling in NICUs.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the NICU of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. The researchers collected samples for culture from equipment and hospital surfaces in the unit. Susceptibility testing was done for isolates by the agar diffusion method using standard nutrient agar 1 discs.

Results:
We observed bacterial growth in 58 (54.7%) samples from the 106 samples collected. Staphylococcus aureus 35 (55.6%) was the most common isolate cultured, followed by Escherichia coli 14 (22.2%) and then coagulase-negative Staphylococcus13 (20.6%). Among S. aureus isolates, 48.6% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Among the Gram-negative isolates, resistance was highest for ampicillin followed by meropenem.

Conclusion:
The most common isolates were S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and E. coli. Health-care providers need improved hygiene standards to reduce the burden of NI.
Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Workplace Safety Practices of Panel Beaters
Authors: Kassy Chukwukasi Wilson , Ochie Casmir Ndubuisi , Asogwa Thaddeus Chijioke , Ango Juliette , Umeobieri Ancilla Kate , Aniwada Elias 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Human resources and their safety are central to occupational health practices. Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics and safety practices of workers helps in workplace interventions. This study aimed at comparing the sociodemographic characteristics and safety practices among roadside and organized panel beaters in Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Methodology:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study. A multistage sampling method was used to select 428 panel beaters in Enugu metropolis. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20. Comparative analysis was done using Chi-square and the level of significance was set at 5%.

Results:
The mean ages (standard deviation) were 31.1 ± 10.3 years and 37.9 ± 12.1 years for roadside and organized panel beaters, respectively. The majority of respondents, (70.6%) and (56.5%), from the roadside and organized sectors, respectively, had secondary education. About 59.8% of the roadside panel beaters were single compared to about two-thirds (63.1%) of organized panel beaters who were married. More than two-thirds (72.9%) of roadside workers earn more than N 35,000 monthly, while half of the organized workers earn more than N 35,000. The differences in sociodemographic characteristics and monthly income were statistically significant. Environmental sanitation was the most common safety and hygiene practices engaged by respondents. Very few respondents, more among the organized sector, noted that their workplaces were monitored or checked. The use of personal protective equipment was found to be generally deficient, in addition to poor health and safety training.

Conclusion:
There was a statistically significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics between the roadside and organized sectors panel beaters with poor safety practices. Routine and improved health education and safety training on basic preventive measures would be necessary to prevent occupational hazards in the workplace.
A 3-Year Audit of the Failure Rate of First Molar Buccal Tubes among Orthodontic Patients in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Umeh Onyinye Dorothy , Eniola Abisola Sandra , Ndukwe Anne N. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
This study aimed to assess the bond failure rate of molar buccal tubes during active orthodontic treatments and the effect of age of the patient, gender, dental arches (maxillary and mandibular), and side of the arch on molar buccal tube bond failure.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study that assessed the bond failure of molar buccal tubes. Data were obtained from the case files of orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and included subjects' age, gender, presence or absence of molar bond failure, well as the time the failure occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 23.

Results:
Participants comprised 96 subjects; 59 females (61.5%) and 37 males (38.5%). A total of 384 buccal tubes were bonded with a failure rate of 18%. The highest occurrence of bond failure was observed in the 1st month and the 2nd month after setup. Bond failure was observed in a higher percentage of the male population (43.2%) compared to females (37.3%). The difference in bond failure between gender was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of bond failure was significantly higher in younger patients (≤15 years, 61.7%, P = 0.0005). There was no significant effect of gender, time, dental arch, and side of the arch on the prevalence of bond failure.

Conclusion:
Buccal tube bond failure rate in our study was found to be 18%. Bond failure was significantly higher in the younger population compared to the adults. There was no significant effect of gender, time, or side of the arch on buccal tube bond failure.
Health-Care Financing among Patients Admitted for Open-Heart Surgery in Enugu
Authors: Ujunwa Fortune A. , Chinawa Josephat M. , Arodiwe Ijeoma , Obidike Egbuna O. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases have been noted to be expensive to manage and tend to cause significant morbidity and financial burden to affected individuals and households.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the various sources of health financing among patients admitted to UNTH Ituku/Ozalla for open-heart surgery.

Methodology:
Twenty-five patients admitted for cardiac surgery over a 6-month period were selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to the patients or their caregivers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:
There were 25 respondents who were admitted during the study period, this comprised 17 children and 8 adults. Among the respondents 24 (96%) paid out of pocket, 1 (4%) was by government tax. The major sources of funds were from personal savings 56% and goodwill from friend's relations, faith-based organizations (4%), while 36% of the respondents borrowed money for the surgery. Three of the respondents had a form of health insurance, while 22 (88%) had no form of health insurance. The mean monthly income of the households was 86,320 (81,384.7) Naira and the mean monthly food expenditure was 33,200 (15934.76) Naira. About 72% (18) of the subjects knew about the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), 4 (16%) knew about the Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme (VHIS), while 84% did not know about the VHIS. However, about 56% of the subjects were willing to enroll under the NHIS voluntary scheme. The cardiac surgery was catastrophic for 96% of the respondents.

Conclusion:
Cardiac surgery causes a significant financial burden to individuals and households. Individuals and households should be properly counselled on the benefits of health insurance. The government should increase funding for cardiovascular health and strengthen the health insurance system.
Pemanfaatan Waktu Luang (Leisure) Dengan Mengikuti Webinar Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Diri Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia
Authors: Sri Redjeki Endang , Sugiyanto Seger 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak
Pandemi covid-19 tidak mengentikan kewajiban untuk tetap produktif. Penilaian kinerja terus berjalan dan tuntutan pekerjaan juga tidak berkurang. Setiap orang harus memanfaatkan waktu sebaik mungkin termasuk waktu luang yang mereka miliki untuk mengikuti berbagai macam kegiatan yang diselenggarakan secara online. Sebaran responden penelitian terdapat di 24 provinsi di Indonesia. Data diperoleh dengan pendekatan kuantitiatif deskriptif menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui angket tertutup dan disebarkan melalui sistem online google form tanggal 19 Juni hingga 30 Juni 2020. Dari proses penyebaran link google form di berbagai media sosial seperti WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, dan Facebook, penulis mendapatkan responden sebanyak 218 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 63,3% responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Tingkat pendidikan responden berada pada jenjang sarjana dan magister dengan presentase sama yaitu 43,6%. Latar belakang pendidikan responden merupakan tenaga pendidik baik guru maupun dosen dengan presentase 77,1%. Alasan mengikuti webinar karena sesuai dengan pekerjaan dengan presentase jawaban 61,5 %. Sementara rata-rata responden menyatakan bersedia untuk berkontribusi atau memberikan fee asalkan mendapat sertifikat dengan presentase sebesar 52,3%. Media akses iformasi yang digunakan paling dominan adalah WhatsApp dengan presentase 74,3%.
Kata Kunci: Waktu luang, webinar, covid-19, kompetensi
Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Mohamed Amany A. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life.
Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients.
Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support.
Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma.