bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review on the Analysis of Metal Soaps in Oil Paintings
Authors: Izzo Francesca Caterina , Kratter Matilde , Nevin Austin , Zendri Elisabetta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUp to 70 % of the oil paintings conserved in collections present metal soaps, which result from the chemical reaction between metal ions present in the painted layers and free fatty acids from the lipidic binders. In recent decades, conservators and conservation scientists have been systematically identifying various and frequent conservation problems that can be linked to the formation of metal soaps. It is also increasingly recognized that metal soap formation may not compromise the integrity of paint so there is a need for careful assessment of the implications of metal soaps for conservation. This review aims to critically assess scientific literature related to commonly adopted analytical techniques for the analysis of metal soaps in oil paintings. A comparison of different analytical methods is provided, highlighting advantages associated with each, as well as limitations identified through the analysis of reference materials and applications to the analysis of samples from historical paintings.
Rational design of salmeterol xinafoate imprinted polymer through computational method: Functional monomer and crosslinker selection
Authors: Suryana Shendi , Mutakin Mutakin , Rosandi Yudi , Hasanah Aliya Nur 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was computationally designed and synthesized for the selective extraction of salmeterol xinafoate (SLX) from human serum. In this study, semi‐empirical PM3 calculations were used to find a suitable functional monomer (FM), the ratio of template (T) to FM, and types of crosslinkers. MIPs were synthesized with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with T:FM mol ratios of 1:6 and 1:4 and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as a crosslinker. On the basis of computational and experimental results, HEMA and TRIM in the mol ratio 1:6 of T‐FM (MIP3) were found to be the best choices of FM and crosslinker, respectively. These polymers were then used as a selective sorbent to develop a molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction procedure followed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the determination of SLX in serum. The extraction ability of MIP3 was excellent with a recovery of 92.17% ± 2.66% of SLX in spiked serum, and 91.15% ± 1.12% when SLX was spiked as a mixture with another analogous structure. By comparing the performance of the synthesized sorbent with a C‐18 cartridge with a recovery of 79.11% ± 2.96%, it was determined that MIP had better performance over the latter. On the basis of these results, the imprinted receptor MIPs, especially MIP 3, can be applied for the direct extraction of SLX in clinical analysis.
A community‐based trial of a psychosocial eHealth intervention for parents of children with cancer
Authors: Canter Kimberly S. , McIntyre Rebecca , Babb Rebecca , Ramirez Alejandra Perez , Vega Gabriela , Lewis Amanda , Bottrell Cathy , Lawlor Christopher , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Electronic Surviving Cancer Competently Intervention Program (eSCCIP), a psychosocial eHealth intervention for parents and caregivers of children with cancer (parents), was delivered in a community‐based psychosocial oncology center. Primary endpoints were intervention acceptability, feasibility, and accessibility, with a secondary exploratory focus on psychosocial outcomes.ProcedureOncology therapists in a psychosocial oncology center were trained in eSCCIP delivery. Participants were eligible for participation if they were the primary caregiver of a child with cancer between the ages 0 and 17, could read and write in English, and had reliable internet access to complete eSCCIP. Surveys were administered electronically at baseline and post intervention to evaluate study endpoints. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were computed for exploratory psychosocial outcomes. Nineteen parents completed the intervention.ResultsParents rated eSCCIP as highly acceptable, feasible, and accessible. A large clinical effect was detected for acute distress (d = 0.79). Moderate clinical effects were reported for overall posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (d = 0.37), negative mood/cognitions (d = 0.59), and symptoms of anxiety (d = 0.48).ConclusionsResults indicate that eSCCIP is an acceptable, feasible, and accessible psychosocial intervention for parents. Exploratory analyses suggest that participation in eSCCIP may contribute to decreases in acute distress, symptoms of anxiety, and symptoms of PTSD.
Impact of telehealth visits on hydroxyurea response in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Shaner Sarah , Hilliard Lee , Howard Thomas , Pernell Brandi , Bhatia Smita , Lebensburger Jeffrey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to ensure access to hydroxyurea (HU) for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) living in rural areas. The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Pediatric Sickle Cell program's satellite clinics reduce the barrier of transportation to the university‐based clinic. However, as compared with the university clinic, these satellite clinics do not offer immediate access to HU dosing laboratory results and a nurse clinician calls families with HU dose adjustments after the clinic visit. This study evaluated the impact of telehealth dosing adjustments on HU laboratory and clinical response as compared with university‐based patients.MethodsA one‐year retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate HU laboratory and clinical response based on clinic location and socioeconomic status for patients with SCA. We identified the number of clinic and acute care visits for one year and calculated the mean complete blood count and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) values for each patient.ResultsWe identified 107 academic center participants with SCA‐prescribed HU and 65 satellite clinic participants. The mean age of participants was 11 ± 5 years. We identified no difference in HbF (13.3 ± 0.7 vs 11.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.13), Hb (8.46 ± 1.1 vs 8.55 ± 1.1, P = 0.59), mean corpuscular volume (91.0 ± 10.6 vs 91.7 ± 9.5, P = 0.67), or absolute neutrophil count (4.85 ± 2.3 vs 4.87 ± 2.3, P = 0.95) when comparing Birmingham versus satellite clinics. We also identified no difference in hospital admissions (0.99 ± 0.1 versus 0.85 ± 0.2, P = 0.49), based on clinic location.ConclusionsThe use of telehealth did not negatively impact laboratory response to HU. Future studies should identify novel approaches to improve access to HU among patients with SCA living in rural areas.
The joint distribution of age and race in racially integrated neighbourhoods
Authors: Nelson Christina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLike many other wealthy nations, the United States is experiencing substantial population ageing, particularly among Whites, whose median age is over a decade older than Blacks' and Hispanics'. To date, analyses of this demographic divergence have been limited to national and state levels; we know little about its manifestation at smaller scales. This study introduces three micro‐level measures of the joint distribution of age and race, demonstrating that Whites are older than their non‐White neighbours in most integrated neighbourhoods, with notable variation across regional and local characteristics. Racial age gaps significantly predict subsequent declines in neighbourhoods' White population, indicating that racial change has an under‐studied age dimension. Meanwhile, neighbourhoods with relatively younger Whites are rare, clustered in coastal metros, and linked to gentrification. Drawing on theories of multidimensional heterogeneity, I suggest that local consolidation of age and racial differences may undermine stable integration and reinforce inequality.
The effects of co‐administration of artichoke leaf extract supplementation with metformin and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Majnooni Mohammad Bagher , Ataee Mari , Bahrami Gholamreza , Heydarpour Fatemeh , Aneva Ina Yosifova , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Ahmadi‐Juoibari Touraj 
Published: September 2021

Medicinal plants are widely used as a complementary therapy to treat complex diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study was done to investigate the effect of co‐administration of artichoke leaf extract supplement (ALES) with conventional medicines on patients with NAFLD. The clinical trial was based on patients randomly divided into three groups involving metformin‐vitamin E (ME), metformin‐ALES (MA), and vitamin E‐ALES (EA). The effectiveness of treatment in the treated groups was evaluated using liver ultrasonography and biochemical markers. After 12 weeks of treatment, the results showed that the rate of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly reduced within all the study groups (p < .05). Liver ultrasonographic findings revealed that the rate of fat accumulation in liver of patients was decreased significantly within all the study groups and it was increased in the subjects with grade 0 fatty liver (without fat accumulation) in the MA and EA groups by 23.3 and 17.2%, respectively. In summary, the results of the present study showed that the concomitant use of ALES with metformin and vitamin E can have beneficial effects on amelioration of complications in patients with NAFLD. However, larger‐scale clinical trial studies are required in this regard.
Coffee capsule impacts and recovery techniques: A literature review
Authors: Marinello Samuele , Balugani Elia , Gamberini Rita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recently developing coffee market has been characterized by profound changes caused by new solutions and technologies for coffee preparation. The polylaminate materials that compose most popular capsules make them a type of waste that is difficult to manage and recycle. This paper analyses the scientific references that deal with studying and improving the management processes of waste coffee capsules, as well as the studies that have analysed their environmental impact. Through a bibliographic review, some encouraging aspects emerged in the recovery of materials that can be adequately recycled (plastics and metals), as well as their possible use for the production of biogas and energy recovery. The need to manually separate the components that make up the capsule still represents one of the main challenges. Many efforts are still needed to favour the environmental sustainability of this waste from a strategic, technological and consumer empowerment point of view.
Realization of Deutsch–Jozsa Algorithm in Rydberg Atoms by Composite Nonadiabatic Holonomic Quantum Computation with Strong Robustness Against Systematic Errors
Authors: Liu Bing‐Bing , Guo Fu‐Qiang , Yan Lei‐Lei , Zhang Shou , Feng Mang , Su Shi‐Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeutsch–Jozsa (DJ) algorithm, as the first example of quantum algorithm, performs better than any classical algorithm for distinguishing balance and constant functions. Here, a scheme to implement the DJ algorithm in Rydberg atoms using the composite nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation (NHQC) is presented. Taking advantages of composite loops and holonomic features to resist systematic errors, the scheme of composite NHQC works more robustly compared with the standard dynamic counterparts. By exemplifying the DJ algorithm implementation, the performance of single‐loop NHQC‐, composite NHQC‐, and the dynamic counterpart‐based processes are compared both analytically and numerically, indicating the best robustness of composite scheme to systematic errors. In addition, the combination of composite NHQC and quantum algorithm also provides an alternative pathway for the realization of robust quantum algorithm in the future.
Complications of robot‐assisted thymectomy: A single‐arm meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xu Jia‐Xin , Qian Kai , Deng Yi , Zheng Yan‐Yan , Ou Chun‐Mei , Liu Jie , Jiang Li‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, thymectomy using minimally invasive approaches has been increasing with the development of robotic video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (R‐VATS). Although multimodal approach is effective for robot assisted thymectomy, it is necessary to determine the approach (left, right or subxiphoid) associated with the least complications.MethodsAn electronic retrieval from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, GreyNet International and The Cochrane Library. The single‐arm meta‐analysis was performed to compare the rate of complications of right‐ and left‐side approaches by R‐VATS.ResultsA total of 21 studies including 930 patients were identified. The pooled incidence of total complications was 12.2% (confidence interval: 10.0%–14.8%) for all studies. The overall complication rate was 17.3% for the right‐side compared with 7.4% for the left side (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 2.484, 1.601–3.852). The pooled incidence of air leak was significantly higher for the right versus left side (5.1% vs. 1.2%, respectively; p = 0.004). The incidence of atrial fibrillation was higher for the right‐side compared with the left‐side approach (4% vs. 1.2%, respectively; p = 0.004). The open conversion rate was significantly higher for the right versus the left‐side (6.5% vs. 2.9%, respectively; p = 0.004). However, there was no significant difference in the pooled incidence of pleural effusion and thoracic duct fistula when comparing the right‐ and left‐side approaches. In subgroup analysis, in the left approach, the incidence of overall complications (28.6% vs. 5.5%, respectively; p = 0.002) and pleural effusion (14.3% vs. 1%, respectively; p = 0.002) was higher for the ‘Old Age’ group compared with the ‘Youth’ group; However, In the subgroup analysis of gender, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications after thymectomy.ConclusionRobotic video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be performed on the left‐ and right‐sides; however, complications are minimal with the left‐side approach. These data demonstrate that the incidence of overall complications, atrial fibrillation, open conversion ratios, and air leak rate of left‐side R‐VATS thymectomy are lower than those of right‐side. Further subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the older group.
What Makes Reading Difficult? An Investigation of the Contributions of Passage, Task, and Reader Characteristics on Comprehension Performance
Authors: Toyama Yukie 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn this study, I investigated the simultaneous effects of the reader, the text, and the task factors, and their interactions, on reading comprehension, using explanatory item response models. Analyses of a large data set from a commercially available online assessment system with a wide range of readers (n = 10,547) and passages (n = 48) uncovered factors that contribute to reading challenge in complex ways. Among the passage features, sentence length, word frequency, syntactic simplicity, and temporality were found to significantly affect comprehension difficulty. More importantly, these textual features were moderated by student general vocabulary and task type. In general, high‐vocabulary readers benefited more from traditional textual affordances (e.g., shorter sentences, familiar words, simpler grammatical constructions) than low‐vocabulary readers, especially when asked to recall localized information without accessing the passage. However, a reverse effect was found with temporality: Passages with more time markers helped low‐vocabulary readers, whereas low‐temporality passages helped high‐vocabulary readers. Ultimately, understanding these complex interactions, as highlighted in the RAND Reading Study Group’s heuristic model, will be key in supporting students with their comprehension development.
Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li2CO3 Production with Sulphated Liquors
Authors: Mendieta‐George Daniel , Pérez‐Garibay Roberto , Solís‐Rodríguez Ricardo , Rendón‐Ángeles Juan C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work addresses the carbonation of an aqueous solution that simulates leach liquor with sulphuric acid, a chemical system that is seldom studied, and the subsequent precipitation of Li2CO3 via evaporation of the diluent water. New details were revealed on the automatic control of pH and temperature to optimizes the carbonation operation conditions and the quality of the products. Among the relevant findings are: a) the carbonation stage was optimized at pH 12 and 35 °C because, under these conditions, the redox potential (100–200 mV) promotes the carbonates stability, b) the carbonation reaction in sulphated solutions has zero order and its activation energy is 6.81 kJ/mol, suggesting that the reaction is controlled by diffusion, and c) At pH 8 and 20 °C the maximum purity (99.9 % Li2CO3) was precipitated. Additionally, other carbonate based secondary phases were precipitated together with Li2CO3. The chemical stability of these secondary phases is pH dependent and are discussed in detail.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Using Porous g‐C3N4 Nanosheets Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Cong Hongjin , Li Xinyi , He Tingting , Wang Liyan , Zhao Chenkai , Wang Shiyu , Zhao Yang , Song Hua , Wang Huan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, a composite photocatalyst consisted of the porous graphitic carbon nitride (pg‐C3N4) nanosheets decorated with in‐situ grown gold (Au) nanoparticles were prepared. By characterizing and analyzing chemical compositions and structures, and optical and electrical properties of this Au/pg‐C3N4 composite, the excellent photocatalytic performance mainly comes from the following aspects: firstly, pg‐C3N4 synthesized from melamine by high‐temperature calcination with the assistance of ascorbic acid has larger specific surface area and narrower band gap width than common g‐C3N4; secondly, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au nanoparticles can enhance light absorption of pg‐C3N4 via near‐field enhancement‐induced excitation; thirdly, the heterojunction formed between Au nanoparticles and pg‐C3N4 nanosheets can promote electron transfer. Consequently, Au/pg‐C3N4 presented the obvious improvement of photocatalytic activity on the degradation of rhodamine B and amaranth under simulated solar irradiation that the kinetic rate constant of degradation reaction can be increased by 3.9 and 5.7 times compared with g‐C3N4, respectively.
Catalase Nanocrystals Loaded with Methylene Blue as Oxygen Self‐Supplied, Imaging‐Guided Platform for Photodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Zhou Renbin , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Xu Hao , Ziniuk Roman , Qu Junle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well‐known method for cancer therapy in the clinic. However, the inherent hypoxia microenvironment of solid tumors enormously restricts the PDT efficiency. Herein, catalase nanocrystals (CatCry) are introduced as in situ oxygen (O2)‐generating system to relieve tumor hypoxia and enhance PDT efficiency for solid tumors. After loading with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), a PDT drug platform (CatCry‐MB) emerges, allowing for significant increasing PDT efficiency instigated by three factors. First, the high stability and recyclable catalytic activity of CatCry enable a long‐term endogenous H2O2 decomposition for continuous O2 supply for sustained relief of tumor hypoxia. Second, both the produced O2 and loaded MB are confined within CatCry nanoporous structure, shortening the diffusion distance between O2 and MB to maximize the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Third, the MB molecules are uniformly dispersed within CatCry lattice, avoiding MB aggregation and causing more MB molecules be activated to produce more 1O2. With the three complementary mechanisms, tumor hypoxia is eradicated and the resulted enhancement in PDT efficiency is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The proposed approach opens up a new venue for the development of other O2‐dependent tumor treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Mapping Gene Expression in the Spatial Dimension
Authors: Chen Yingwen , Qian Weizhou , Lin Li , Cai Linfeng , Yin Kun , Jiang Shaowei , Song Jia , Han Ray P. S. , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main function and biological processes of tissues are determined by the combination of gene expression and spatial organization of their cells. RNA sequencing technologies have primarily interrogated gene expression without preserving the native spatial context of cells. However, the emergence of various spatially‐resolved transcriptome analysis methods now makes it possible to map the gene expression to specific coordinates within tissues, enabling transcriptional heterogeneity between different regions, and for the localization of specific transcripts and novel spatial markers to be revealed. Hence, spatially‐resolved transcriptome analysis technologies have broad utility in research into human disease and developmental biology. Here, recent advances in spatially‐resolved transcriptome analysis methods are summarized, including experimental technologies and computational methods. Strengths, challenges, and potential applications of those methods are highlighted, and perspectives in this field are provided.
Writing Play‐Books With Linguistically Diverse Young Learners
Authors: Byrnes‐Cloet Heidi , Hill Susan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article presents a classroom‐based study that engaged linguistically diverse preschool and early school‐age children in illustrating books, jointly composing written narratives to accompany their illustrations, and enacting these child‐authored books through shared sociodramatic play. Findings from story retell tasks show significant improvement in children's narrative language: vocabulary, syntax, accuracy, and text structure. Analysis of collaborative dialogue during book‐making highlights the role of peer and teacher scaffolding in supporting children's literate language and identity development. The article presents an engaging play‐based approach for ECE educators to (1) significantly and equitably increase child‐led literate language interactions; (2) improve early writing instruction, by increasing meaningful composing experience; (3) strengthen culturally sustaining home/community–school partnerships, through authentic dialogue with caregivers about children's writing; and (4) harness the social and multimodal power of play to promote a range of important early learning goals.