bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut metabolite Urolithin A mitigates ionizing radiation‐induced intestinal damage
Authors: Zhang Yuanyang , Dong Yinping , Lu Ping , Wang Xinyue , Li Wenxuan , Dong Hui , Fan Saijun , Li Deguan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR)‐induced intestinal damage is the major and common injury of patients receiving radiotherapy. Urolithin A (UroA) is a metabolite of the intestinal flora of ellagitannin, a compound found in fruits and nuts such as pomegranates, strawberries and walnuts. UroA shows the immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory capacity in various metabolic diseases. To evaluate the radioprotective effects, UroA(0.4, 2 and 10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected to C57BL/6 male mice 48, 24, 1 h prior to and 24 h after 9.0Gy TBI. The results showed that UroA markedly upregulated the survival of irradiated mice, especially at concentration of 2 mg/kg. UroA improved the intestine morphology architecture and the regeneration ability of enterocytes in irradiated mice. Then, UroA significantly decreased the apoptosis of enterocytes induced by radiation. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed the effect of UroA is associated with the recovery of the IR‐induced intestinal microbacteria profile changes in mice. Therefore, our results determinated UroA could be developed as a potential candidate for radiomitigators in radiotherapy and accidental nuclear exposure. And the beneficial functions of UroA might be associated with the inhibition of p53‐mediated apoptosis and remodelling of the gut microbes.
Developmental associations between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation and direct self‐injurious behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Griffiths Helen , Eisner Manuel , Hepp Urs , Ribeaud Denis , Murray Aja Louise 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBullying, suicide, and self‐injury are significant issues among young people. Extensive research has documented bullying victimization associations with suicidal ideation and self‐injury; however, the modeling approaches used have mostly not addressed the relations between these constructs at the within‐person level, and it is these links that are critical for testing developmental theories and guiding intervention efforts. This examined the within‐person, bidirectional relations between these constructs in adolescence and emerging adulthood.MethodsParticipants were from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z‐proso). Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) were fit to general and sexual bullying victimization and suicidal ideation data at ages 15, 17, and 20 (n = 1465), and general and sexual victimization and direct self‐injurious behavior data at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20 (n = 1482).ResultsThere was a positive within‐person effect of age 15 general bullying victimization on age 17 suicidal ideation (β = .10) and age 17 suicidal ideation on age 20 general bullying victimization (β = .14).ConclusionsGeneral bullying victimization and suicidal ideation may have detrimental effects on each other over development but at different stages.
Developing the new industrial flatbread baking system using numerical technique to increase the product quality
Authors: Bejaei Farid , Seyedlou Sadegh , Nalbandi Habibeh , Ghassemzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBread is one of the most important food sources for consumers, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. Large quantities of bread are wasted every year because different factors affect the quantity of waste products include flour quality, bread production technology, and the storage condition of the bread. The objective of this study was to improve existing systems and developed the new flatbread industrial baking machine to increase product quality and product storability. Therefore, a rotary bread baking machine with an indirect heating system was designed, and the heat exchangers of the machine were simulated. The results of the simulation were utilized to investigate the uniformity of airflow velocity inside the exchanger and the distribution of heat on the dough on the baking bed. After achieving the most effective design, the exchangers were constructed and installed inside the baking machine. Bread baking experiments with the developed machine and the existing conventional machines were conducted to evaluate the instrumental, sensory, and staling characteristics of the produced flatbreads from different baking machines. The results indicated that the sensory qualities of the bread produced with the indirect heating system in the present study as well as uniformity of baking and sensory acceptability were superior compared to the bread produced from the conventional industrial machines with direct heating systems (with a total sensory score of 5.09 vs. 4.54).Practical ApplicationsIn this research, a superior flatbread baking machine with indirect heat was designed, constructed, and evaluated. The flatbread baked with the indirect heating system had better quality scores and a longer shelf life compared to the flatbread baked with the direct heating system. This type of the flatbread lasted more than 168 hr without mold and it was the best choice for longer‐term storage purposes and for the reduction of food waste. Also, bread prepared using the new machine was free of any contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Leonardo da Vinci and dental anatomy
Authors: Schuez Iris , Alt Kurt W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLeonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance polymath, is still recognized today—above all for his oil paintings and mechanical inventions. His anatomical studies have attracted less attention, even though he devoted over 30 years of his life to them. This paper outlines Leonardo's career and research methods and focuses on the importance of his medical images for anatomical research and teaching. Following a short presentation of the state of (dental) medicine in the early Renaissance period, it offers a description of five of his cranial drawings that show the anatomy of the teeth, the nervous and vascular system on inner and outer tables of the skull and the paranasal sinuses in great detail. Leonardo da Vinci had obviously discovered and depicted the maxillary sinus 150 years before the anatomist Nathaniel Highmore, who is usually credited with this discovery. Other anatomical drawings by Leonardo address the correct human dental formula and describe the morphology of the four types of teeth. His handwritten notes show that he recognized the connection between tooth form and function. Finally, this paper evaluates the influence of these discoveries and innovations on the development of dentistry and its establishment as a scientific discipline. There is no doubt that Leonardo da Vinci's preoccupation with the anatomy of the maxillofacial region influenced the development of anatomy and dentistry, even though he never published his anatomical research.
Protective effects of dichloroacetic acid on endometrial injury and ovarian reserve in an experimental rat model of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pala Halil Gursoy , Pala Emel Ebru , Artunc Ulkumen Burcu , Erbas Oytun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo study (1) ovarian and endometrial damage caused by the hyperglycemia and (2) the effects of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) on follicular reserve and endometrial damage in streptozocin induced diabetic rats.MethodsThis study consisted 24 rats randomly separated into three groups. A diabetes model was achieved in 16 rats experimentally, and normoglycemic eight rats were assigned as control group (Group 1). The rats with diabetes were randomly separated to two groups: 1 mL/kg/day intraperitoneal 0.9% NaCl was given to eight rats as diabetic vehicle (Group 2) and 10 mg/kg/day DCA was given to other eight rats as DCA treated group (Group 3). Hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy was performed for histopathological evaluation and blood samples were collected after 4 weeks.ResultsDiabetes caused ovarian and endometrial damage (p < 0.0001). Pentraxin‐3 (PTX‐3), lactic acid, and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) were higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.0001, respectively), whereas anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) was lower in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). These findings reflected the diabetic damage in the genital tract and diminished ovarian reserve occurred via fibrosis, severe inflammation, and oxidative stress. DCA improved the histopathological fibrosis and degeneration in the ovaries and endometrium (p < 0.05). There was a concominant decrease of TGF‐β and lactic acid levels with DCA treatment (p < 0.05). DCA also improved ovarian reserve with higher AMH levels (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe several unfavored changes in the endometrium and ovaries due to diabetes have been determined in this present study. DCA might provide the continuity of the endometrial cycle, physiological endometrial structure, ovarian follicular growth, oocyte maturation, and physiological ovarian function by decreasing the lactate levels via inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme.
Medical conditions associated with gastroduodenal ulceration or erosion in 168 dogs: 2008‐2018
Authors: Pavlova Elena , Gold Randi M. , Tolbert M. Katherine , Lidbury Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany medical conditions are thought to cause gastroduodenal ulceration or erosion (GUE) in dogs. However, evidence for the association between many of these conditions and GUE in dogs is lacking.ObjectiveTo identify medical conditions associated with GUE in dogs.AnimalsOne hundred and sixty‐eight dogs with GUE and 168 randomly selected control dogs without evidence of GUE identified on necropsy between January 2008 and September 2018.MethodsPatient signalment, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations, recently administered ulcerogenic drugs, as well as necropsy findings were recorded. The association between these findings and presence of GUE was assessed by univariable and multivariable analysis.ResultsIn the final multivariable model, the following factors were associated with GUE: Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration (odds ratio [OR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3‐17.4;P = .0004), glucocorticoid administration (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5‐5.9;P = .001), gastrointestinal neoplasia (OR, 13.5; 95% CI, 1.7‐108.0;P = .01) and gastrointestinal mechanical disease (foreign bodies, gastric dilatation, and volvulus; OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2‐19.7;P = .03). Additionally, working dog breeds were predisposed to GUE compared to mixed breed dogs (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1‐7.4;P = .04). Insufficient clinical data was available to either support or refute a role of other putative risk factors evaluated.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAdministration of NSAID or glucocorticoid and gastrointestinal neoplasia or mechanical disease were associated with GUE in dogs. The potential predisposition of working breed dogs for GUE requires further investigation.
‘One of the oldest states in Europe has never suppressed any nation’. The minority treaty, nationalist indignation and the foundations of interwar ethnic democracy in Poland
Authors: Marzec Wiktor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the internal impact of the Minority Treaty of Versailles, regulating minority rights and protection in the emerging interwar Polish state. The parliamentary debate on the Treaty was a critical juncture structuring the political sphere and arguably fostered the birth of ‘ethnic democracy’ in Poland. Performing a sequential analysis of the debate, I study the reconfiguration of political positions which locked the actors into their strategic entrenchments. Unexpectedly, the nationalist right defended the treaty because of their involvement in the Versailles negotiations. The left tried to delegitimize the treaty and simultaneously tip the scales of the domestic politics in favour of the minorities. This shifted the levers of implicit assumptions about the political community and effectively blocked the political efficacy of the treaty on the domestic level. Such refraction effects must be considered when one is studying convergence, diffusion and the role of international agreements and pressures.
Federalization in the slipstream: How the German‐speaking Community of Belgium became one of the smallest federal entities in the world
Authors: Niessen Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn last 50 years, Belgium has evolved from a central to a federal state. Although this process was driven by the Flemish and Francophone communities (and influenced by the Brussels‐Capital Region), a fourth much smaller entity known today as ‘German‐speaking Community’ was also integrated into the federal arrangement. This article reviews the latter's political history to go beyond the common explanation that its statute was a mere consequence of the Belgian federalization dynamic. By using historical scholarship and testimonial interviews, it shows that neither the demand nor the conferral of autonomy was automatic and that regionalist party pressures on the regional‐level and intra‐party multilevel negotiations were equally necessary for the communities' recognition as federal entity. With lessons from what it presents as a least likely case of federal entities whose autonomy dynamics followed that of larger communities with strong regionalist pressures, the article develops the concept of ‘federalization in the slipstream’.
Ganglioside GD2: a novel therapeutic target in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Shao Claire , Anand Vivek , Andreeff Michael , Battula Venkata Lokesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of hormone receptor expression and is known for high rates of recurrence, distant metastases, and poor clinical outcomes. TNBC cells lack targetable receptors; hence, there is an urgent need for targetable markers for the disease. Breast cancer stem‐like cells (BCSCs) are a fraction of cells in primary tumors that are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting BCSCs is thus an effective strategy for preventing cancer metastatic spread and sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy. The CD44hiCD24lo phenotype is a well‐established phenotype for identification of BCSCs, but CD44 and CD24 are not targetable markers owing to their expression in normal tissues. The ganglioside GD2 has been shown to be upregulated in primary TNBC tumors compared with normal breast tissue and has been shown to identify BCSCs. In this review, we discuss GD2 as a BCSC‐ and tumor‐specific marker in TNBC; epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and the signaling pathways that are upstream and downstream of GD2 and the role of these pathways in tumorigenesis and metastasis in TNBC; direct and indirect approaches for targeting GD2; and ongoing clinical trials and treatments directed against GD2 as well as future directions for these strategies.
Trends in utilization of non‐first‐line topical acne medications among children, adolescents, and adults in the United States, 2012‐2016
Authors: Afarideh Mohsen , Rodriguez Baisi Katinna E. , Davis Dawn M.R. , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveCurrent knowledge about usage of effective, but non‐first‐line topical acne medications in the United States is limited. We aimed to investigate utilization patterns and temporal trends for such acne medications in the US ambulatory care.MethodsPediatric (≤18 years old) and adult (>18 years old) data from the 2012 to 2016 (inclusive) cycles of the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were extracted. Utilization patterns of six non‐first‐line topical acne medications (ie, azelaic acid, salicylic acid, glycolic acid, sulfur, resorcinol, and zinc) were compared and followed over time.ResultsData from 218 410 US office–based sampled visits during 2012‐2016 were included in the analysis. Across all acne visits (n = 1542), salicylic acid (1.58%), azelaic acid (1.22%), and glycolic acid (0.52%) were the most frequently used agents, while zinc and resorcinol were not used. Sulfur (0.52%) and salicylic acid (0.33%) were the only medications used in preadolescents, and none of these medications were used in the neonatal or infantile group. Temporal trends for using at least one of these medications were insignificant among both pediatric and adult age groups (P = .825 and .136, respectively).ConclusionsSalicylic acid and azelaic acid are the most frequently used of the studied second‐line medications to treat acne, although the use of these and the other non‐first‐line topical medications overall is uncommon, especially among younger groups of US pediatric patients.
BASCULE syndrome in a child with prior asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Berrebi Daniel , Farmer William , Zinn Zachary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBASCULE syndrome, characterized by Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and an urticaria‐like eruption, has been described as a benign vasomotor dermatosis that occurs in the setting of transient tissue hypoxia. It has been postulated that dermal ischemia triggers an exaggerated vasoconstrictive arteriolar reaction, which then causes a paradoxical urticarial rash by an unknown mechanism. In patients with COVID‐19, there is evidence of angiocentric inflammation leading to vasoconstriction, endothelial damage, and thrombosis. We present a case of acute‐onset BASCULE syndrome appearing after asymptomatic infection with COVID‐19. BASCULE syndrome should be considered in the expanding spectrum of dermatologic manifestations associated with COVID‐19.
The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on anxiety levels of children with cystic fibrosis and healthy peers
Authors: Yanaz Muruvvet , Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Ergenekon Almala Pinar , Toksoy Aksoy Ayse , Bilicen Gulcin , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Rodopman Arman Ayse , Karakoc Fazilet , Karadag Bulent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease causing recurrent respiratory tract infections. Viral respiratory tract infections are more severe in CF. The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was seen in Turkey on March 11, 2020, and nationwide school closure and lockdown were implemented. School closure and home confinement might have adverse effects on children's physical and mental health. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on psychological reactions of CF patients and healthy controls.MethodsThis is a controlled cross‐sectional study including 7–18‐year‐old children with CF. The survey included questions regarding family environment and peer relations, self‐care, and psychological reactions to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The questionnaire was administered to children via telephone calls under parental supervision.ResultsWe evaluated 132 CF patients and 135 of their healthy peers. Mean age was 11.5 ± 2.9 years in the CF group and 11.8 ± 3.2 years in the control group (P = 0.98). There were 55 girls (41.7%) in the CF group and 81 girls (60%) in the control group (P = 0.027). The socioeconomic status of their families was similar. The CF patients were found to be less anxious for family members at risk of COVID‐19, less upset about school closure, and less anxious about the COVID‐19 pandemic (P < 0.001, 0.02, 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsCystic fibrosis patients seem to show more resilience in coping with the pandemic. Appropriate psychological support should be provided to them and resilience strategies in coping with the pandemic should be nurtured.
Troubling America's historical waters: Toward the transdisciplinary study of U.S. lynchings as an active present
Authors: Lewis Demar F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review considers a range of literatures that facilitate a critical discussion of lynching and legacies of lynching as present realities of the 21st Century in the United States of America. Although scholars in this field generally pride themselves on being “apolitical,” America's pioneering lynching scholars and anti‐lynching advocates desired to eradicate lynching because it tangibly threatened the safety of Black, racially minoritized, and resource‐deprived communities inside and outside of the U.S. South. However, scholars selectively engage this history despite its relevance to the production of their research. Likewise, routine displays of white supremacist violence throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic—including the lynching of Ahmaud Arbery—are exacerbating the health and welfare of communities that are already experiencing other inequities. This review mobilizes the Transdisciplinary Frame to address these concerns. This frame leverages the interventionist and anti‐racist praxes that created the field of lynching scholarship to advance an emancipatory sociology and scientific knowledge through the study of lynching's legacies. Furthermore, the Transdisciplinary Frame galvanizes scholars to use innovative methods to explore how racially minoritized individuals and resource‐deprived communities in the 21st Century are grappling with safety concerns that may or may not be tied to legacies of U.S. lynching.
Moral framings in the Australian parliamentary debate on drug testing of welfare recipients
Authors: Curchin Katherine , Weight Thomas , Ritter Alison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAround the world an expanding array of behavioural conditions are being attached to social security payments. This paper offers empirical evidence of the various moral frames used in the welfare conditionality debate, by its supporters and detractors. We systematically analyse the debates in the Australian federal parliament in 2017 and 2018 on two bills attempting to introduce drug testing of working‐age welfare recipients, each of which resulted in stalemate. We find that proponents of welfare conditionality primarily employed consequentialist and paternalist arguments, supplemented by social justice, contractualism and communitarianism whilst opponents primarily employed consequentialist and social justice arguments. We explore how proponents and opponents anticipated and engaged with each other's preferred moral frames. By investigating the normative lenses that underpin arguments made for and against the drug‐testing proposal, we shed light on how the debate on drug testing might be moved beyond its current impasse.