bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Antisecretory Factor in Human Milk During the Postpartum and Length of Gestation
Authors: Gustafsson Anna , Johansson Ewa , Henckel Ewa , Lange Stefan , Bohlin Kajsa 
Published: June 2021

Background Preterm infants are more susceptible to inflammatory complications than term infants. Human milk contains numerous bioactive components protecting the newborn infant. Antisecretory factor, a protein regulating secretory and inflammatory processes by complex binding with complement factors, is present in human milk. Research Aims To describe antisecretory factor (1) in mother’s own milk in term and preterm infants; and (2) in donor milk before and after Holder pasteurization. Methods The study was prospective, longitudinal, explorative, and descriptive. Antisecretory factor-compleasome was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in longitudinal human milk samples over 12 weeks from mothers ( N = 87) of term ( n = 41) and of preterm ( n = 46) infants and 20 anonymized donor human milk samples before and after Holder pasteurization. Results Antisecretory factor-compleasome was overall higher in colostrum versus mature milk ( p < .001) and no difference was found in term or preterm colostrum ( p = .82). In mature milk, compleasome was higher and more variable in the preterm group ( p = .01). After Holder pasteurization, compleasome levels increased ( p < .001). Conclusion Antisecretory factor followed the pattern of other immunological factors with high levels in colostrum. After preterm birth, levels of antisecretory factor were higher and more variable in mature milk. Holder pasteurization did not degrade antisecretory factor, indicating preserved anti-inflammatory properties in donor human milk.
Frequentist rules for regulatory approval of subgroups in phase III trials: A fresh look at an old problem
Authors: Edgar K , Jackson D , Rhodes K , Duffy T , Burman C-F , Sharples LD 
Published: June 2021

Background The number of Phase III trials that include a biomarker in design and analysis has increased due to interest in personalised medicine. For genetic mutations and other predictive biomarkers, the trial sample comprises two subgroups, one of which, say [Formula: see text] is known or suspected to achieve a larger treatment effect than the other [Formula: see text]. Despite treatment effect heterogeneity, trials often draw patients from both subgroups, since the lower responding [Formula: see text] subgroup may also gain benefit from the intervention. In this case, regulators/commissioners must decide what constitutes sufficient evidence to approve the drug in the [Formula: see text] population. Methods and Results Assuming trial analysis can be completed using generalised linear models, we define and evaluate three frequentist decision rules for approval. For rule one, the significance of the average treatment effect in [Formula: see text] should exceed a pre-defined minimum value, say [Formula: see text]. For rule two, the data from the low-responding group [Formula: see text] should increase statistical significance. For rule three, the subgroup-treatment interaction should be non-significant, using type I error chosen to ensure that estimated difference between the two subgroup effects is acceptable. Rules are evaluated based on conditional power, given that there is an overall significant treatment effect. We show how different rules perform according to the distribution of patients across the two subgroups and when analyses include additional (stratification) covariates in the analysis, thereby conferring correlation between subgroup effects. Conclusions When additional conditions are required for approval of a new treatment in a lower response subgroup, easily applied rules based on minimum effect sizes and relaxed interaction tests are available. Choice of rule is influenced by the proportion of patients sampled from the two subgroups but less so by the correlation between subgroup effects.
A Systematic Review of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Orthodontic Airway Plate for Airway Obstruction Treatment in Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Abbas Darren B. , Lavin Christopher , Fahy Evan J. , Choo HyeRan , Truong Mai Thy , Bruckman Karl C. , Khosla Rohit K. , Lorenz H. Peter , Momeni Arash , Wan Derrick C. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is frequently performed to address airway obstruction in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), though more recently the technique of orthodontic airway plating (OAP) has gained traction. We aimed to evaluate OAP compared to MDO for airway obstruction in PRS. Design: A systematic literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar identified all studies published in English, which involved MDO or any form of OAP as treatments for PRS. All relevant articles were reviewed in detail and reported on, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Main Outcome Measures: Airway (tracheostomy avoidance, decannulation rate), feeding (full oral feeding tolerance). Results: Literature search identified 970 articles, of which 42 MDO studies and 9 OAP studies met criteria for review. A total of 1159 individuals were treated with MDO, and 322 individuals were treated with OAP. Primary outcomes appear similar for MDO and OAP at face value; however, this must be interpreted with different pretreatment contexts in mind. Conclusions: Orthodontic airway plating may be considered for airway obstruction in PRS, as some airway-related and feeding-related outcomes appear similar with MDO, per existing evidence in the literature. However, since PRS severity differed between studies, OAP cannot be uniformly considered a replacement for MDO. Further research is required to more comprehensively assess these treatment modalities inclusive of metrics that allow for direct comparison.
Does the shoe-lace technique aid direct closure of fasciotomy wounds after acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg? A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Suomalainen Piia , Pakarinen Toni-Karri , Pajamäki Ilari , Laitinen Minna K. , Laine Heikki-Jussi , Repo Jussi P. , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Tibia fractures are relatively common injuries that are accompanied with acute compartment syndrome in approximately 2% to 20% of cases. Although the shoe-lace technique, where vessel loops are threaded in a crisscross fashion and tightened daily, has been widely used, no studies have compared the shoe-lace technique with the conventional one. The aim of this study was to compare the shoe-lace technique with the conventional technique. Methods: We identified 359 consecutive patients with intramedullary nailed tibia fracture and complete medical records including outpatient data between April 2007 and April 2015 from electronic patient database of our institute. The use of the shoe-lace technique was compared to conventional one (in which wounds were first left open with moist dressings). Main outcome measurement is direct closure of fasciotomy wounds. Results: From 359 consecutive patients with intramedullary nailed tibia fracture, fasciotomy was performed on 68 (19%) patients. Of these, the shoe-lace technique was used in 47 (69%) patients while in 21 (31%) patients, the shoe-lace technique was not applied. Side-to-side approximation was successful in 36 patients (77%) in the shoe-lace+ group and 7 patients (33%) in the shoe-lace– group (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The main finding of our comparative study was that the shoe-lace technique seems to ease direct closure of lower leg fasciotomy wounds, and thus reduces the frequency of free skin grafts. Our finding needs to be confirmed in a high-quality randomized controlled trial.
Hemodynamic Comparison of Stent-Grafts for the Treatment of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Authors: Chong Albert , Mirgolbabaee Hadi , Sun Zhonghua , van de Velde Lennart , Jansen Shirley , Doyle Barry , Versluis Michel , Reijnen Michel M. P. J. , Groot Jebbink Erik 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To compare the flow patterns and hemodynamics of the AFX stent-graft and the covered endovascular reconstruction of aortic bifurcation (CERAB) configuration using laser particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. Materials and Methods: Two anatomically realistic aortoiliac phantoms were constructed using polydimethylsiloxane polymer. An AFX stent-graft with a transparent cover made with a new method was inserted into one phantom. A CERAB configuration using Atrium’s Avanta V12 with transparent covers made with a previously established method was inserted into the other phantom, both modified stent-grafts were suitable for laser PIV, enabling visualization of the flow fields and quantification of time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT). Results: Disturbed flow was observed at the bifurcation region of the AFX, especially at the end systolic velocity (ESV) time-point where recirculation was noticeable due to vortical flow. In contrast, predominantly unidirectional flow was observed at the CERAB bifurcation. These observations were confirmed by the quantified hemodynamic results from PIV analysis where mean TAWSS of 0.078 Pa (range: 0.009–0.242 Pa) was significantly lower in AFX as compared with 0.229 Pa (range: 0.013–0.906 Pa) for CERAB (p<0.001). Mean OSI of 0.318 (range: 0.123–0.496) in AFX was significantly higher than 0.252 (range: 0.055–0.472) in CERAB (p<0.001). Likewise, mean RRT of 180 Pa−1 (range: 9–3603 Pa−1) in AFX was also significantly higher than 88 Pa−1 (range: 2–840 Pa−1) in CERAB (p=0.0086). Conclusion: In this in vitro study, the flow pattern of a modified AFX stent-graft was found to be more disturbed especially at the end systolic phase, its hemodynamic outcomes less desirable than CERAB configuration. Clinical Relevance: While the AFX stent-graft has an advantage over the CERAB configuration in eliminating radial mismatch, and maintaining the anatomical bifurcation for future endovascular intervention, this in vitro study revealed that the associated lower TAWSS, higher OSI and RRT may predispose to thrombosis and are, thus, less desirable as compared to a CERAB configuration. Further investigation is warranted to confirm whether these findings translate into the clinical setting.
The fear of COVID-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Shehada Ameer Khalil , Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Albelbeisi Ali , El Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid , El Afifi Amany 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals, particularly among healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 among different healthcare professionals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: A cross-sectional, snowball sampling technique and an online questionnaire were employed among healthcare professionals. A total of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The validated fear of COVID-19 Scale Arabic version was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The sample fear mean score was 17.53 ± 5.78; more than half of the study participants (54.3%) consider it as low levels of fear and 45.7% of the participants consider it as high levels of fear. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females, and different healthcare professional’s disciplines. Females have a higher mean score compared to males. The highest fear mean scores were found among Lab-Technicians (20.19 ± 7.42), followed by X-ray-Technicians (17.95 ± 3.96), Nurses (17.1 ± 5.55), and Physicians (16.25 ± 4.66). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 was high among female healthcare professionals compared to males, as well as, among Lab-Technicians compared to Physicians and Nurses. There is a need to establish a strategy to continues measuring the psychological effect of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals especially females.
U.S. student pharmacist perceptions of the pharmacist’s role in methadone for opioid use disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Hohmeier Kenneth C , Cernasev Alina , Sensmeier Megan , Hall Elizabeth , Webb Katie , Barenie Rachel , Cochran Gerald 
Published: June 2021

Background: Of the over 20 million Americans reporting an opioid use disorder, only around 3 million report receiving treatment of any kind. The gold standard for opioid use disorder treatment is medication in combination with psychosocial support, but despite robust evidence supporting treatment, barriers are substantial and include limited insurance coverage, patient beliefs, ease of access, regulatory hurdles, and stigma. Although trained as medication experts, U.S. pharmacists are not routinely involved in opioid use disorder treatment and may represent an underutilized care team member. Objective: To explore U.S. pharmacy students’ perspectives on pharmacists as providers of methadone-based medications for opioid use disorder treatment. Methods: A qualitative design with focus groups of student pharmacists in a U.S. college of pharmacy in the Southeastern United States. Results: Over 2 months in 2020, three focus groups were conducted with 15 students in each group participating, and including second-, third-, and fourth-year student pharmacists. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) student pharmacists desire exposure to therapeutic knowledge and lived experiences related to opioid use disorder and methadone treatment, (2) students perceive stigmatizing views held by practicing pharmacists toward opioid use disorder and methadone treatment, (3) pharmacists should play a role in methadone treatment. Conclusion: Student pharmacists desire an active and larger role in the care of patients managing opioid use disorder. Findings indicate these students perceive less stigma toward opioid use disorder than currently practicing pharmacists. Pharmacy curricula should emphasize stories of lived experiences of patients with opioid use disorder, therapeutic knowledge and guidelines related to medications for opioid use disorder, and the regulatory environment surrounding opioid use disorder treatment.
Oncogene-induced maladaptive activation of trained immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: Molteni Raffaella , Biavasco Riccardo , Stefanoni Davide , Nemkov Travis , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Arts Rob J. , Merelli Ivan , Mazza Davide , Zambrano Samuel , Panigada Maddalena , Cantoni Eleonora , Tengesdal Isak W. , Maksud Philippe , Piras Francesco , Cesana Daniela , Cassina Laura , Distefano Gianfranco , Loffreda Alessia , Gnani Daniela , De Luca Giacomo , Tomelleri Alessandro , Campochiaro Corrado , Joosten Leo A. B. , Dinarello Charles A. , Kajaste-Rudnitski Anna , Haroche Julien , Cardaci Simone , Cenci Simone , Dagna Lorenzo , Doglioni Claudio , Ferrarini Marina , Ferrero Elisabetta , Boletta Alessandra , D’Alessandro Angelo , Montini Eugenio , Netea Mihai G. , Cavalli Giulio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trained immunity (TI) is a proinflammatory program induced in monocyte/macrophages upon sensing of specific pathogens and is characterized by immunometabolic and epigenetic changes that enhance cytokine production. Maladaptive activation of TI (ie, in the absence of infection) may result in detrimental inflammation and development of disease; however, the exact role and extent of inappropriate activation of TI in the pathogenesis of human diseases is undetermined. In this study, we uncovered the oncogene-induced, maladaptive induction of TI in the pathogenesis of a human inflammatory myeloid neoplasm (Erdheim-Chester disease, [ECD]), characterized by the BRAFV600E oncogenic mutation in monocyte/macrophages and excess cytokine production. Mechanistically, myeloid cells expressing BRAFV600E exhibit all molecular features of TI: activation of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling axis; increased glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and cholesterol synthesis; epigenetic changes on promoters of genes encoding cytokines; and enhanced cytokine production leading to hyperinflammatory responses. In patients with ECD, effective therapeutic strategies combat this maladaptive TI phenotype; in addition, pharmacologic inhibition of immunometabolic changes underlying TI (ie, glycolysis) effectively dampens cytokine production by myeloid cells. This study revealed the deleterious potential of inappropriate activation of TI in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory myeloid neoplasms and the opportunity for inhibition of TI in conditions characterized by maladaptive myeloid-driven inflammation.
Clinical and research priorities for children and young people with bronchiectasis: an international roadmap
Authors: Chang Anne B. , Boyd Jeanette , Bell Leanne , Goyal Vikas , Masters I. Brent , Powell Zena , Wilson Christine , Zacharasiewicz Angela , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Bush Andrew , Chalmers James D. , Fortescue Rebecca , Hill Adam T. , Karadag Bulent , Midulla Fabio , McCallum Gabrielle B. , Snijders Deborah , Song Woo-Jung , Tonia Thomy , Grimwood Keith , Kantar Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

The global burden of children and young people (CYP) with bronchiectasis is being recognised increasingly. They experience a poor quality of life and recurrent respiratory exacerbations requiring additional treatment, including hospitalisation. However, there are no published data on patient-driven clinical needs and/or research priorities for paediatric bronchiectasis.Parent/patient-driven views are required to understand the clinical needs and research priorities to inform changes that benefit CYP with bronchiectasis and reduce their disease burden. The European Lung Foundation and the European Respiratory Society Task Force for paediatric bronchiectasis created an international roadmap of clinical and research priorities to guide, and as an extension of, the clinical practice guideline.This roadmap was based on two global web-based surveys. The first survey (10 languages) was completed by 225 respondents (parents of CYP with bronchiectasis and adults with bronchiectasis diagnosed in childhood) from 21 countries. The parent/patient survey encompassed both clinical and research priorities. The second survey, completed by 258 health practitioners from 54 countries, was limited to research priorities.The two highest clinical needs expressed by parents/patients were: having an action management plan for flare-ups/exacerbations and access to physiotherapists. The two highest health practitioners’ research priorities related to eradication of airway pathogens and optimal airway clearance techniques. Based on both surveys, the top 10 research priorities were derived, and unanimous consensus statements were formulated from these priorities.This document addresses parents'/patients' clinical and research priorities from both the parents'/patients' and clinicians' perspectives and will help guide research and clinical efforts to improve the lives of people with bronchiectasis.
An example for transatlantic hitchhiking by macrozoobenthic organisms with a research vessel
Authors: Zettler Michael L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2019 the RV Meteor cruised from Guadalupe in April/May to Cape Verde in June/July and to Namibia in August/September. The distance is about 10,000 km. The ship has a moon pool for installation of instruments. In Cape Verde we had a first glimpse of the already sparsely populated moon pool. We reached Namibian waters in mid-August. In mid-September, 47 days later and 6000 km south, the ship's moon pool was sampled in the port of Walvis Bay. 13 different taxa could be identified belonging to two phyla, four classes, six orders and 10 families. Most of these species have not yet been observed in the port or in the adjacent areas and are new records for the entire Namibian coast. The goose barnaclesConchoderma auritum(Linnaeus, 1767),Conchoderma virgatumSpengler, 1789 andLepas anatiferaLinnaeus, 1758 were particularly noticeable. They were only surpassed by the large number of amphipods. The speciesEricthonius brasiliensis(Dana, 1853),Jassa marmorataHolmes, 1905,Stenothoe senegalensisKrapp-Schickel, 2015 andParacaprella pusillaMayer, 1890 are particularly noteworthy here. In addition, the pycnogonid speciesEndeis straughaniClark, 1970 and the titan acorn barnacleMegabalanus coccopoma(Darwin, 1854) should be mentioned, which occurred very frequently as well. The present study shows, on the one hand, an example of the transatlantic spread of bioinvasive species by ships as vectors and, on the other hand, a convenient method for sampling ship hulls.
Medical and surgical interventions to improve the quality of life for endometriosis patients: a systematic review
Authors: D’Alterio Maurizio Nicola , Saponara Stefania , Agus Mirian , Laganà Antonio Simone , Noventa Marco , Loi Emanuela Stochino , Feki Anis , Angioni Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEndometriosis impairs the quality of life (QoL) of many women, including their social relationships, daily activity, productivity at work, and family planning. The aim of this review was to determine the instruments used to examine QoL in previous clinical studies of endometriosis and to evaluate the effect of medical and surgical interventions for endometriosis on QoL. We conducted a systematic search and review of studies published between January 2010 and December 2020 using MEDLINE. Search terms included “endometriosis” and “quality of life.” We only selected studies that used a standardized questionnaire to evaluate QoL before and after medical or surgical interventions. Only articles in the English language were examined. The initial search identified 720 results. After excluding duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, 37 studies were selected for analysis. We found that the two scales most frequently used to measure QoL were the Short Form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30). Many medical and surgical treatments demonstrated comparable benefits in pain control and QoL improvement. There is no clear answer as to what is the best treatment for improving QoL because each therapy must be personalized for the patient and depends on the woman’s goals. In conclusion, women must be informed about endometriosis and given easily accessible information to improve treatment adherence and their QoL.