bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repurposing Tranexamic Acid as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Law Mary E. , Davis Bradley J. , Ghilardi Amanda F. , Yaaghubi Elham , Dulloo Zaafir M. , Wang Mengxiong , Guryanova Olga , Heldermon Coy D. , Castellano Ronald K. , Law Brian K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTranexamic Acid (TA) is a clinically used antifibrinolytic that acts as a lysine mimetic to block binding of Plasminogen with Plasminogen activators, preventing conversion of Plasminogen to its proteolytically activated form, Plasmin. Previous studies suggested that TA may exhibit anticancer activity by blockade of extracellular Plasmin formation. Plasmin-mediated cleavage of the CDCP1 protein may increase its oncogenic functions through several downstream pathways. Results presented herein demonstrate that TA blocks Plasmin-mediated excision of the extracellular domain of the oncoprotein CDCP1.In vitrostudies indicate that TA reduces the viability of a broad array of human and murine cancer cell lines, and breast tumor growth studies demonstrate that TA reduces cancer growthin vivo. Based on the ability of TA to mimic lysine and arginine, we hypothesized that TA may perturb multiple processes that involve Lys/Arg-rich protein sequences, and that TA may alter intracellular signaling pathways in addition to blocking extracellular Plasmin production. Indeed, TA-mediated suppression of tumor cell viability is associated with multiple biochemical actions, including inhibition of protein synthesis, reduced activating phosphorylation of STAT3 and S6K1, decreased expression of the MYC oncoprotein, and suppression of Lys acetylation. These findings suggest that TA or TA analogs may serve as lead compounds and inspire the production of new classes of anticancer agents that function by mimicking Lys and Arg.
MiR-339-3p aggravates rat vascular inflammation induced by AT1R autoantibodies by down-regulating BKα protein expression
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Yan , Yue Mingming , Gao Ming , Wang Li , Wu Ye , Yin Xiaochen , Zhang Suli , Liu Huirong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe abnormality of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) is an important factor in inducing vascular inflammation. BK channel agonists can readily recover BK channel function and improve vascular inflammation. However, it is not clear how to improve BK dysfunction caused by downregulation of BK channel protein expression. This study found that angiotensin II-1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA), which are widely present in the body of various types of cardiovascular diseases, can down-regulate the expression of BK channel protein and induce vascular inflammation. Further research found that the elevated neural precursor cells expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L) protein level is involved in the down-regulation of BK channel α subunit (BKα) protein level by AT1-AA. Bioinformatics analysis and experiments have confirmed that miR-339-3p plays an irreplaceable role in the high expression of NEDD4L and the low expression of BKα, and aggravates the vascular inflammation induced by AT1-AA. Overall, AT1-AA increased miR-339-3p expression (targeting BKα via the miR-339-3p/NEDD4L axis or miR-339-3p alone), reduced BKα protein expression in VSMCs, and induced vascular inflammation. The results of the study indicate that miR-339-3p may become a new target for reversing vascular inflammation in AT1-AA-positive patients.
Palmitoylation of PD-L1 Regulates Its Membrane Orientation and Immune Evasion
Authors: Zhang Siya , Wang Hongyin , Chen Zhongwen , Levental Ilya , Lin Xubo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently identified palmitoylation of PD-L1 is essential for immune regulation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, we performed giant plasma membrane vesicle (GPMV) experiments, µs-scale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and immune killing experiments. GPMV experiments indicated that PD-L1 palmitoylation enhanced its lipid raft affinity. MD simulations revealed dramatically different membrane orientation states of PD-L1 in liquid-ordered (Lo, lipid raft) compared to liquid-disordered (Ld, non-raft) membrane environments. Ld region promoted the “lie-down” orientation of PD-L1, which could inhibit its association with the PD-1 protein on immune cells and thus promote the immune killing of cancer cells. This hypothesis was supported by immune killing experiments using γδT cells as effector cells and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells as target cells. In short, our study demonstrates that the palmitoylation affects PD-L1’s membrane localization and then membrane orientation, which thus regulates its binding with T cell PD-1 and the immune regulation. These observations may guide therapeutic strategies by explicating the regulation of immune checkpoint proteins by post-translational modifications and membrane environments.
Mahem Entertainment Society: strategic alternatives and change management
Authors: Kar Pravat Surya , Padhmanabhan V. , Bhat Akshay , Satija Amit 
Published: October 2021

Learning outcomes
Teaching objectives: to help students review entertainment service and its ecosystem; to discuss leadership anxiety during change management and organizational development; to understand organizational diagnosis while initiating change management exercise; and to compare various strategic alternatives and the implications of selecting an option.

Case overview/synopsis
This case narrates dilemma of Krishna Goenkar, a management consultant entrusted to revisit strategic orientations of Mahem Entertainment Society (MES). Mahem is a fictitious state in the west coast of India. MES had been created by the Government of Mahem as a regulatory body to promote the state as a world class destination for entertainment. Public interest guided the organization, as it was a government instituted body. Hence, Goenkar had twin challenges. Firstly, what strategic initiatives should he propose to scale up the operations in spite of the given organizational constraints? Secondly, how to scale up and diversify if required, with minimal resistance? The case would help students get familiarized with entertainment domain, service ecosystem and challenges of driving strategic change in public utilities, especially in Indian and emerging market context.

Complexity academic level
This case is suitable for graduate-level programme in marketing management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for malignant esophageal fistula based on radiomics and clinical factors
Authors: Zhu Chao , Ding Jialin , Wang Songping , Qiu Qingtao , Ji Youxin , Wang Linlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical prognostic factors of malignant esophageal fistula (MEF). Furthermore, this study sought to establish and validate prognostic nomograms incorporating radiomics and clinical factors to predict overall survival and median survival after fistula for patients with MEF.MethodsThe records of 76 patients with MEF were retrospectively analyzed. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to screen independent prognostic factors and develop clinical nomograms. Radiomic features were extracted from prefistula CT images and post fistula CT images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression algorithm was used to filter radiomic features and avoid overfitting. Radiomic signature was a linear combination of optimal features and corresponding coefficients. The joint prognostic nomograms was constructed by radiomic signatures and clinical features. All models were validated by Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), caliberation and bootstrap validation.ResultsFor overall survival, age, prealbumin, KPS and interval between diagnosis of esophageal cancer and fistula were identified as independent prognostic factors and incorporated into the clinical nomogram. Age, prealbumin, serum albumin, KPS and neutrophil proportion were selected for the clinical nomogram of post fistula survival. The C‐index of overall survival nomogram was 0.719 (95% CI: 0.645–0.793) and that was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.653–0.791) in the post fistula survival nomogram. The radiomic signature developed by radiomic features of prefistula CT showed a significant correlation with both overall survival and post fistula survival. The C‐index of joint nomogarm for overall survival and post fistula survival was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.757–0.905) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.686–0.854), respectively. The calibration curve showed the joint nomograms outperformed the clinical ones.ConclusionsThe study presents nomograms incorporating independent clinical risk factors and radiomic signature to predict the prognosis of MEF. This prognostic classification system has the potential to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with malignant esophageal fistulas.
Effects of brief substance use interventions delivered in general medical settings: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tanner‐Smith Emily E. , Parr Nicholas J. , Schweer‐Collins Maria , Saitz Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate effects of brief substance use interventions delivered in general medical settings.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials conducted since 1990 of brief substance use interventions in patients of any age or severity level recruited in general medical settings. Primary outcomes were any measure of substance use or substance‐related consequences (indexed with Hedges’ g and risk ratios). Mixed‐effects meta‐regressions were used to estimate overall effects and predictors of effect variability. Analyses were conducted separately by brief intervention (BI) target substance: alcohol only or drugs.FindingsA total of 116 trials (64 439 participants) were identified; 111 (62 263 participants) provided effect size data and were included in the meta‐analysis. Drug‐targeted BIs yielded significant small improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use (Hedges' g
) = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.15), but after adjusting for multiple comparisons, they did not produce significant effects on cannabis use (
= 0.06; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.12), alcohol use (
= 0.08; 95% CI = −0.0003, 0.17), or consequences (
= 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.10). Drug‐targeted BIs yielded larger improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use when delivered by a general practitioner (
= 0.19; 95% CI = 0.187, 0.193). Alcohol‐targeted BIs yielded small beneficial effects on alcohol use (
= 0.12; 95% CI 0.08, 0.16), but no evidence of an effect on consequences (
= 0.05; 95% CI = −0.04, 0.13). However, alcohol‐targeted BIs only had beneficial effects on alcohol use when delivered in general medical settings
= 0.17; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.24); the findings were inconclusive for those delivered in emergency department/trauma centers (
= 0.05; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.10).ConclusionsWhen delivered in general medical settings, alcohol‐targeted brief interventions may produce small beneficial reductions in drinking (equivalent to a reduction in 1 drinking day per month). There is limited evidence regarding the effects of drug‐targeted brief interventions on drug use.
UN sustainable development goals, good governance, and corruption: The paradox of the world's poorest economies
Authors: Mombeuil Claudel , Diunugala Hemantha Premakumara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first objective of this study is to demonstrate that the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) remain beyond reach for the world's poorest economies by analyzing the trends in the worldwide governance indicators (WGIs), corruption perception index (CPI), the GDP per capita, and the human development index (HDI) using the case of 10 former European colonies (e.g., Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Guinea‐Bissau, Haiti, Madagascar, Niger, Sierra Leone, Togo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Second, this study compares three‐panel regression models (pooled OLS model, fixed‐effects model, and random effects model) to examine the influence of the WGIs on CPI, GDP per capita, and HDI and then derive the most appropriate model. Based on the results of these two objectives, a theoretical framework is drawn to provide specific recommendations to overcome some of the challenges to sustainable development in the selected countries.
Treatment and prognosis of patients with both cancer and impaired decision‐patient with both cancer and dementia making as a symptom of dementia
Authors: Fujii Tomomi , Wada Michiko , Hasebe Shinji , Takeuchi Kazuto , Yorozuya Toshihiro , Yakushijin Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2021

AimIn our aging society, the number of patients with both cancer and dementia has recently been increasing. One of the major clinical questions is whether patients with dementia could receive appropriate cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to know the prognosis of patients with both cancer and impaired decision‐making as a symptom of dementia, and to discuss the proper cancer treatment of the patients with dementia.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with both cancer and impaired decision‐making as a symptom of dementia at Ehime University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 were reviewed. The data of patients with cancer were retrospectively analyzed using an electronic medical record system.ResultsIn total, 9354 cases were diagnosed with cancer in the Ehime University Hospital over 7 years, and only 105 (1.1%) cases with impaired decision‐making as a symptom of dementia were recorded by medical professionals, probably due to poor attention to the cognitive functions of patients with cancer. Analysis of the cancer prognosis of these patients showed that a better prognosis was seen in patients with any therapeutic interventions than in those with no treatment for the cancer itself. However, the prognosis of patients was not significantly different between standard and non‐standard treatments.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the poor interest of medical professionals in the cognitive function of patients with cancer at the time of diagnosis of cancer and the lack of any guidelines for patients with both cancer and dementia are major problems in our aging society. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1105–1110.
Characterization and production potential of carotenes in Peruvian strains of Dunaliella salina Teodoresco
Authors: Hernández Acevedo Hanna Elizabeth , Flores Ramos Leenin , Villamón Cifuentes Francisco , Ruiz Soto Anthony , Aguilar Samanamud Carla Patricia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChlorophyte microalgae Dunaliella are halophilic flagellated cells; they can resist high salinities, producing β‐carotene to balance osmotic stress. This pigment has important antioxidant properties for biotechnology, the prevention of tissue aging, the efficiency of the immune system, and sun protection against UV‐B rays. The objective of this study was to characterize native strains of the genus Dunaliella from the Marine Institute of Peru, under the influence of stress factors for the production and concentration of β‐carotene. Different tools were used to characterize these strains through molecular analysis, optimization of parameters for carotene accumulation, growth curves, life cycle, and carotene analysis. The accumulation of this pigment was mainly due to adaptation to salt stress. The differences between Dunaliella strains according to their population growth demonstrated that they did not have the same capacity to respond to the same cultivation conditions, although most of them are from the same species. The IMP‐BG‐001 strain, from Piura, can accumulate high concentrations of β‐carotene (up to 8.64 pg/cell) and still maintain a considerable growth rate without affecting the increase in biomass under controlled conditions.
Teledermatology: How It Is Impacting the Underserved
Authors: Hadeler Edward , Prose Neil , Floyd Lauren Pontius 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid mobilization of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought about renewed concern about the digital divide. Understanding the benefits and limitations of remote medical care is an ongoing process. Access to telemedicine appointments, as well as the experience of the virtual appointment itself, varies across demographic groups.Telemedicine has promise in dermatology. However, if it continues to expand beyond the pandemic, federal changes may be necessary to improve access to remote care for all patients moving forward. This involves creating mandates for increased broadband access, deploying digital health tools and portals usable by underserved populations, and increasing access to interpreters. Information technology personnel may also become necessary members of the clinical care team. Parity between video and phone visit reimbursement for providers is also necessary.
Classifying Component Function in Product Assemblies With Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Ferrero Vincenzo , DuPont Bryony , Hassani Kaveh , Grandi Daniele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFunction is defined as the ensemble of tasks that enable the product to complete the designed purpose. Functional tools, such as functional modeling, offer decision guidance in the early phase of product design, where explicit design decisions are yet to be made. Function-based design data is often sparse and grounded in individual interpretation. As such, function-based design tools can benefit from automatic function classification to increase data fidelity and provide function representation models that enable function-based intelligent design agents. Function-based design data is commonly stored in manually generated design repositories. These design repositories are a collection of expert knowledge and interpretations of function in product design bounded by function-flow and component taxonomies. In this work, we represent a structured taxonomy-based design repository as assembly-flow graphs, then leverage a graph neural network (GNN) model to perform automatic function classification. We support automated function classification by learning from repository data to establish the ground truth of component function assignment. Experimental results show that our GNN model achieves a micro-average F1-score of 0.617 for tier 1 (broad), 0.624 for tier 2, and 0.415 for tier 3 (specific) functions. Given the imbalance of data features and the subjectivity in the definition of product function, the results are encouraging. Our efforts in this paper can be a starting point for more sophisticated applications in knowledge-based CAD systems and Design-for-X consideration in function-based design.
Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System
Authors: Lee Ruda , Lee Hyomun , Kim Dongsu , Yoon Jongho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the battery energy storage system (BESS) installed in all-electric zero-energy powerhouses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from onsite renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., January through December 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an onsite renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system) and BESS's appropriate capacity are then analyzed and evaluated using the electric energy storage (EES) analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.
A Method to Resolve Simulation of Discontinuous Flow Field: A Valve Example From Full Closing to Re-Closure
Authors: Li Qingye , Li Kunpeng , Zong Chaoyong , Zheng Fengjie , Song Xueguan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the continuity of the flow field is an essential prerequisite. However, continuous flows can be separated under certain conditions, such as the process from valve opening to reclosure. The current method often leaves a narrow gap to estimate the full closing status, which will introduce a deviation. To address this issue, a full closing numerical simulation method (FCNSM) is developed to solve the problem of simulation between discontinuous flow field (DFF) and continuous flow field (CFF). The matrix laboratory (matlab) program has been used to communicate fluent as a server session to call the files fluent and automatically execute text-based user interface (TUI) commands. The radial basis function (RBF) is used to construct the relationship between the variables of the flow field and the coordinates of mesh nodes, which can achieve the data transmission from a DFF to a CFF. Automatic stopping of transient calculations is achieved by passing variables among matlab program, scheme language, and user-defined functions (UDF) when a physical quantity reaches a set value. Based on this method, a transient simulation with a dynamic mesh of a 2-D model regarding a pressure relief valve (PRV) is performed to simulate the process of the valve from full closing to reclosure, the flow characteristics through the PRV are obtained using this method. This study makes it possible to use FCNSM for understanding dynamic characteristics from DFF to CFF.
Previously Unrecognized Source of Error in the Change in Maximum Total Point Motion to Determine Continuous Migration of Unstable Tibial Baseplates
Authors: Niesen Abigail E. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In radiostereometric analysis (RSA), continuous migration denoted as ΔMTPM is the difference between maximum total point motion (MTPM) at 2 years relative to time zero and MTPM at 1 year relative to time zero. Continuous migration has been used to diagnose tibial baseplates as stable versus unstable when compared to a specified stability limit (i.e., value of ΔMTPM). If the same point experiences MTPM at 2 years and at 1 year (usually the case for marker-based RSA), then an implicit assumption is that the migration path between 2 years and 1 year is the same as the path between 1 year and time zero. This article uses vector analysis to demonstrate a source of error in ΔMTPM not previously recognized and estimates the magnitude of error based on the interplay of independent variables which affect the error. The two independent variables which affect the error are the angle between the two migration vectors (i.e., MTPM between time zero and 2 years and MTPM between time zero and 1 year) and the difference in magnitude of the two vectors. The relative error increased in an absolute sense as the angle between the vectors increased and decreased for larger differences in the magnitudes of the two vectors. For magnitude ratios ranging from 1.25 to 2, relative errors ranged from –21% to –3% at 10 deg and from –78% to –42% at 60 deg, respectively. Knowledge of these errors highlights a limitation in the use of ΔMTPM not previously recognized.