bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate: Technical Considerations and Results from a Single Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Tiwari Sarbesh , Bhargava Narendra , Yadav Taruna , Sureka Binit , Ghosh Tushar , Babu Santhosh , Dadhich Sunil , Singh Surjit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Retrograde transvenous obliteration (RTO) with the assistance of a balloon (BRTO) or a vascular plug (PARTO) is an established method for treating gastric varices (GVs) secondary to portal hypertension. Most of the available studies on RTO have used lipiodol along with sclerosing agents like ethanolamine oleate or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of RTO for treating GVs using STS as a sclerosant without lipiodol.
Materials and Methods Sixteen patients (nine men, age range 16–74 years) were included in this retrospective study. Twelve patients presented with acute bleeding, two with chronic bleeding, one with large varices without bleeding, and one with refractory hepatic encephalopathy (HE). BRTO was attempted in 14 patients and PARTO in 2 patients. The technical and clinical success and complications of RTO were studied.
Results The RTO procedure was technically successful in 14 (14/16, 87.5%) patients, with 13 (13/14, 93%) obtaining clinical success. One patient died due to the early recurrence of bleeding. Three patients had minor intraprocedural complications.
Conclusion Retrograde gastric variceal obliteration using STS is safe and technically feasible with high technical and clinical success and low complication rate.
Flow-Directed Catheters in Hepatic Embolization Therapy—A Review with Clinical Cases
Authors: Iqbal Shams , Breyfogle Lawrence Jordan , Flacke Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransarterial embolization with chemotherapy and radiation is well-documented forms of treatment for liver cancers but reflux of embolic particles to nontarget tissues can result in unintended consequences such as gastrointestinal ulceration. Traditionally, operators have used coil embolization of hepatoenteric collaterals to prevent reflux. Antireflux microcatheters that contain expandable baskets (Surefire) or inflatable balloons have recently been developed as tools to avoid these side effects. We describe cases where antireflux catheters were used instead of coil embolization. Using antireflux catheters, we eliminated particle reflux into nontarget vessels. We also review the literature on antireflux catheters involved in preventing reflux during chemo- and radioembolization.
A new solid-state LC-Marx generator based on saturable pulse transformer
Authors: Chu Xu , Liu Jinliang , Wang Langning , Xun Tao , Cheng Xinbing , Yang Hanwu 
Published: May 2021

The saturable pulse transformer (SPT) and six stage LC-Marx generator are proposed in this solid-state system. In the experiments, the output voltage of 14.5 kV and the rise time of 720 ns are achieved when the isolation inductance is 35 µH and the primary capacitor is charged to 350 V. The output voltage is 4.1 times larger than the charging voltage on the single capacitor. For larger output voltage and shorter rise time, isolation inductance is changed with the high-voltage silicon stack, which is a kind of rectifier diode consisting of several diodes enclosed in the resin with larger inverse voltage. In the same experiment condition, the output voltage is increased to 17.5 kV, which is 5.0 times larger than the voltage on the charging capacitor. The rise time gets down to 500 ns. The results show that the high-voltage silicon stack can further enhance the working performance of the SPT LC-Marx generator on the output voltage and rise time. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the working performance of the SPT LC-Marx generator at a repetitive frequency. The results show that the output voltage reaches 12 kV, which proves that the generator can work stably at 1 Hz.
Phase space transport in the interaction between shocks and plasma turbulence
Authors: Trotta Domenico , Valentini Francesco , Burgess David , Servidio Sergio 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Shocks and turbulence are spectacular, ubiquitous phenomena. In this work, we investigate, by kinetic simulations, the interaction between a supercritical shock and fully developed plasma turbulence. We demonstrate how turbulence dramatically changes the phase space transport due to a complex interaction. Two main findings are presented: 1) a paradigm for modeling the shocks, including a natural interaction with surrounding turbulence, and 2) an analysis method, based on coarse-grained kinetic equations, able to characterize (and simplify) the transport processes. These results are relevant for a variety of systems, ranging from the Earth’s bow shock interacting with solar wind turbulence to supernovae explosions propagating through the interstellar turbulent medium.
Parrhesia, orthodoxy, and irony
Authors: Chu Joon-Beom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research applies Foucault’s framework ofparrhesiaor “truth-telling” to analyze the twelve Republican Party’s Presidential debates in 2015–2016, culminating in the nomination of Donald Trump as the party’s Presidential candidate. Using discourse and conversation analytical methods, it explores how the three main debate competitors constructed three different narratives of truth: Donald Trump’s “parrhesiastic truth;” Marco Rubio’s “orthodox truth;” and Ted Cruz’s “ironic truth” produced by combining features of the former two. Key findings of this research are that different narratives of truth compete during political elections, and that their public resonance, or lack thereof, is historically contingent, based on shifting public attitudes towards institutional power. Politicians such as Ted Cruz who attempt to emulateparrhesiarisk fracturing their personal and political voices, resulting in incoherence and silence on the public stage.
Critique de Saiz-Sánchez (2020): Les marqueurs d’accord et de désaccord du français et de l’espagnol. Étude diachronique XIe-XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Rodríguez Somolinos Amalia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Review of Marta Saiz-Sánchez (2020). Les marqueurs d’accord et de désaccord du français et de l’espagnol. Étude diachronique XIe-XVIIIe siècle. Berne : Peter Lang. 460 p. L’ouvrage que nous présentons est une étude exhaustive sur le fonctionnement des marqueurs d’accord et de désaccord oui, non et si du français, et sí et no de l’espagnol, mais également des structures anciennes qui en sont à l’origine, comme oïl, si feray ge ou non est, pour le français médiéval, et si faze ou sy haré, pour l’espagnol médiéval.
Euschistus heros (Neotropical brown stink bug).
Authors: Ziller Silvia Renate 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Euschistus heros feeds on several crop plants, especially soyabean. Although it is known as the Neotropical stink bug, there is no clear information about its native range. E. heros is not included in any lists of Euschistus species indigenous to South America (e.g., Grazia, 1987; Martins and Campos, 2006) so it is presumed to have been introduced to the region. There is no reference to impacts or invasiveness in natural areas, only on cultivated crops. Crop losses are mainly caused by the injection of saliva containing tissue-destroying enzymes resulting in damage to the fruits and seeds, and secondarily by physical damage. Although adapted to warmer climates, E. heros has recently spread to southern Brazil and Argentina through the trade in soyabean, and is establishing in new areas, probably favoured by climate change. Road transportation of soyabean is one of the main pathways of introduction of this pest to new areas as the insects can live in crop residues. Most of the published information on E. heros is from Brazil, where the species is a serious pest in soyabean cultivation. Intensive chemical control has been used to reduce economic losses in plantations and may have detrimental effects on the environment. Potential biological control agents have been identified, and insect resistant genotypes have been developed.
Ionization in intense laser fields beyond the electric dipole approximation: concepts, methods, achievements and future directions
Authors: Maurer J , Keller U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The electric dipole approximation is widely used in atomic, molecular and optical physics and is typically related to a regime for which the wavelength is much larger than the atomic structure. However, studies have shown that in strong laser fields another regime exists where the dipole approximation breaks down. During the ionization process in intense laser fields and at long wavelengths the photoelectrons can reach higher velocities such that the magnetic field component of the laser field becomes significant. The ionization dynamics and the final momentum of the electron is therefore modified by the entire Lorentz force. In contrast the magnetic field interaction is neglected in the dipole approximation. Rapid developments in laser technology and advancements in the accuracy of the measurements techniques have enabled the observation of the influence of such non-dipole effects on the final angular photoelectron momentum distributions. More recently the number of studies on ionization beyond the dipole approximation has increased significantly, providing more important insight into fundamental properties of ionization processes. For example we have shown that the final three dimensional photoelectron momentum spectra is significantly affected by the non-dipole drift with the parent–ion interaction, the linear multiphoton momentum transfer on a sub-cycle time scale and the sharing of the transferred linear photon momenta between the electron and the ion. In this article we present an overview of the underlying mechanisms and we review the experimental techniques and the achievements in this field. We focus on ionization in strong laser fields in the regime where the dipole approximation is not valid but a fully relativistic description is not required.
The role of O3 on the selective formation of nitrate and nitrite in plasma-treated water
Authors: Teng Yung-Hsin , Lin Yen-Ting , Wang Wei-Hsiang , Liao Ying-Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study is to investigate the role of O3 on NO and NO2 oxidations to selective formations of NO2
− and NO3
− in plasma-treated water. Two plasma reactors, a surface dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) and a coaxial DBD jet, are employed to water treatment with a working gas primarily consisting of N2 and O2. Results of surface DBD show that O3 first is increased with plasma treatment time, reaching a maximum, and then decreased. NO takes time to grow and the grow of NO is accompanied by O3 decrease. Formations of NO2
− and NO3
− are associated with gas-phase nitrogen oxides while the presence of O3 has a critical influence on a selective formation of NO2
− and NO3
−. The strong oxidation of O3 favors the formation of NO3
− while inhibits NO2
− formation. O3 serving as an inhibitor of NO2
− is confirmed with the DBD jet experiment where O3 is admixed in the downstream of the post discharge. O3 enhancement on NO3
− formation is demonstrated by exposing water to a synthetic NO gas with and without O3. In addition to O3, the presence of water vapor in the working gas, presumably facilitating formation of HNO2 and HNO3, greatly promotes NO2
− and NO3
− concentrations in solution. This is thought to be due to the stronger dissolution susceptibility and the relatively larger rate constant of HNO2 and HNO3 than those of N2O3 and N2O5. Finally, based on observations obtained here, a schematic roadmap of selective NO2
− and NO3
− formations is presented.
Weak crack identification of compressor impeller with hybrid methods of PNNs and SVD
Authors: Jiang Yongying , Wang Naige , Zhong Yongteng , Shao Liang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Damage to a compressor impeller can sometimes cause serious accidents, heavy casualties and property loss, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct damage monitoring and identification for the compressor impeller. A damage identification method based on probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) with modal information fusion is proposed for a compressor impeller. The modal shape of the compressor impeller can be acquired by experimental modal analysis. Combining waveform capacity dimension, a singular value decomposition is applied to extract damage feature information from the system modal shape. The two damage indicators are fused by a multi-dimensional feature vector. Finally, a PNN model is constructed and used to identify structural damage. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective in detecting damage to the compressor impeller.
Ab Initio modeling of Near-Edge EELS spectra for chemisorbed molecules
Authors: Jia Haili , Wang Canhui , Wang Chao , Clancy Paulette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has recently been applied to probe chemisorbed molecules on metal nanostructures, but a fundamental understanding of the correlation between these spectra and the electronic structures of the adsorbates has been limited. We report here on the insights afforded by time-dependent density functional theory to decipher the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of EELS spectra associated with chemisorption. These first-principles calculations simulate the ELNES-EELS spectra for chemisorbed CO on various facets of Au and Pt. Computational predictions of key signatures such as the ‘red shift’ and reductions in the peak intensity of the 2π* and 6σ* peaks, as compared to free CO in the gas phase, are validated in comparison to experimentally collected EELS spectra. These signatures are revealed to arise from changes in the electronic structure in terms of unoccupied density of states associated with the chemisorption process. They are consistent with a Blyholder model that incorporates donation and back-donation of electrons. They are also characteristic of the chemisorption process, such as the choice of metal, site of adsorption and the coverage and distribution of adsorbates. Our simulations thus provide guidelines for the use of ELNES-EELS to characterize the atomic structure and adsorption property of nanostructured surfaces and facilitate the development of advanced nanomaterials for catalytic applications.
Microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy as a tool to evaluate the influence of essential oil on the surface of loaded bilayered-nanoparticles
Authors: da Costa Ítalo Carvalho , Matos Robert Saraiva , de Azevedo Sidney Gomes , Costa Carlos Alberto Rodrigues , Sanches Edgar Aparecido , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing interest in nanoparticles of technological application has been improving their fabrication processes. The encapsulation of essential oils as bioactive compounds has proved to be an excellent alternative to the use of less environment friendly compounds. However, the difficulty of identifying their constitution and interaction with carrier agents have aroused scientific interest and a problem to overcome. Bilayer-based nanoparticles were developed using gelatin and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) aiming the encapsulation of Piper nigrum essential oil. based on atomic force microscopy images and dynamic light scattering analysis, the size of the unloaded and loaded nanoparticles was found around (194 ± 40) and (296 ± 54) nm, respectively. The spatial patterns revealed that the surface of nanoparticles presented different surface roughness, similar shapes and height distribution asymmetry, lower dominant spatial frequencies, and different spatial complexity. Traditional infrared spectroscopy allowed the identification of the nanoparticle outermost layer formed by the gelatin carrier, but microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy revealed a band at 1742 cm−1 related to the carbonyl stretching mode of PCL, as well as a band at 1557 cm−1 due to the amide II group from gelatin. The combination of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques proved to be an efficient alternative to quickly identify differences in chemical composition by evaluating different functional groups in bilayer PLC/gelatin nanoparticles of technological application.
Nanofluidic charged-coupled devices for controlled DNA transport and separation
Authors: Nouri Reza , Guan Weihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Controlled molecular transport and separation is of significant importance in various applications. In this work, we presented a novel concept of nanofluidic molecular charge-coupled device (CCD) for controlled DNA transport and separation. By leveraging the unique field-effect coupling in nanofluidic systems, the nanofluidic molecular CCD aims to store charged biomolecules such as DNAs in discrete regions in nanochannels and transfer and separate these biomolecules as a charge packet in a bucket brigade fashion. We developed a quantitative model to capture the impact of nanochannel surface charge, gating voltage and frequency, molecule diffusivity, and gating electrode geometry on the transport and separation efficiency. We studied the synergistic effects of these factors to guide the device design and optimize the DNA transport and separation in a nanofluidic CCD. The findings in this study provided insight into the rational design and implementation of the nanofluidic molecular CCD.
A multi-channel optical fibre-based smartphone spectrophotometer for measuring the spectra of LED colours
Authors: Puttharugsa Chokchai , Srikhirin Toemsak , Pipatpanukul Chinnawut , Houngkamhang Nongluck 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of a smartphone as a low-cost multi-channel optical fibre spectrophotometer suitable for physics laboratory classes. A custom-designed cradle and structure support were fabricated using 3D printing. The plastic optical fibres were arranged and inserted into the hole of the cradle to guide the light to the rear camera of the smartphone. Here, we describe the multi-channel optical fibre-based smartphone spectrophotometer for measuring the spectra of different LED colours.
Water-responsive tough 1D hydrogel with programmable deformations for actuators and chemical sensors
Authors: Kim Sang Heon , Jeong Jae Hwan , Shim Hyeonbo , Woo Hee-Chul , Imani Kusuma Betha Cahaya , Yoon Jinhwan , Jeong Jae Hyun , Kim Mun Ho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To utilize water-responsive hydrogels in biomedical devices and soft robotics, hydrogels with high response speed and good mechanical properties are required. However, fabrication of such hydrogels remains challenging. In this study, a facile method for producing a one-dimensional (1D) hydrogel with water-responsive programmable deformations was developed. A tough hydrogel fiber with an interpenetrating polymer network based on a biopolymer was synthesized using a template-directed method. A 1D hydrogel that shrinks quickly in contact with water was fabricated by simply stretching and drying the hydrogel fiber under ambient conditions. The fabricated 1D hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties, accurately controlled and programmable deformations, and an extraordinarily high degree of deformation with dimensional changes greater than 300%. Based on such 1D hydrogels, one-way soft actuators, which can be bent or can lift a weight when exposed to water, and a chemical sensing platform, which can detect ethanol in a water–ethanol mixture, were developed.
Composable security for practical quantum key distribution with two way classical communication
Authors: Jiang Cong , Hu Xiao-Long , Yu Zong-Wen , Wang Xiang-Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present a theory for the composable security of sending-or-not-sending (SNS) protocol of twin field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD). We present methods to strictly calculate the finite-key effects in QKD with error rejection through two-way classical communication (TWCC) for SNS TF-QKD protocol. Unlike the normal QKD without TWCC, here the probability of tagging or untagging for each two-bit random group is not independent. We rigorously solve this problem by imagining a virtual set of bits where every bit is independent and identical. With explicit formulas, we show that simply applying Chernoff bound in the calculation gives correct key rate, but the failure probability changes a little bit. We calculate the key rate with strict bounds and security, and obtain key rates by far breaking the PLOB (Pirandola, Laurenza, Ottaviani, and Banchi) bound with composable security.
Polarization dependent beaming properties of a plasmonic lattice laser
Authors: Asamoah Benjamin O , Partanen Henri , Mohamed Sughra , Heikkinen Janne , Halder Atri , Koivurova Matias , Nečada Marek , Setälä Tero , Turunen Jari , Friberg Ari T , Hakala Tommi K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study beaming properties of laser light produced by a plasmonic lattice overlaid with organic fluorescent molecules. The crossover from spontaneous emission regime to stimulated emission regime is observed in response to increasing pump fluence. This transition is accompanied by a strong reduction of beam divergence and emission linewidth due to increased degree of spatial and temporal coherence, respectively. The feedback for the lasing signal is shown to be mainly one-dimensional due to the dipolar nature of the surface lattice resonance. Consequently, the beaming properties along x and y directions are drastically different. From the measurements, we obtain the M
2 value along both principal directions of the square lattice as a function of the pump fluence. Our work provides the first detailed analysis of the beam quality in plasmonic lattice lasers and reveals the underlying physical origin of the observed strong polarization dependent asymmetry of the lasing signal.
Decoherence dynamics of a charged particle within a non-demolition type interaction in non-commutative phase-space
Authors: Germain Yiande Deuto , Armel Azangue Koumetio , Tene Alain Giresse , Isofa Nsangou , Tchoffo Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper studies decoherence without dissipation of charged magneto-oscillator in the framework of quantum non-demolition type interaction in non-commutative phase-space. The master equation is derived considering the non-commutativity effects of a bath of harmonic oscillators to study the dynamics of such a system, and its possible exact solution is presented. By analyzing this solution, it turns out that the process involving decoherence without energy dissipation can be observed explicitly. In addition, the decoherence factor and the measure of coherence via linear entropy dynamic are deduced for two types of reservoir, namely the ohmic and super-ohmic reservoirs at low and high temperature limits. Numerical results obtained show that the coherence is better preserved in the system when non-commutativity effects are taken into account at low temperature, while the inverse phenomenon is observed at high temperature. Moreover, by kindly adjusting the non-commutative parameters, it is possible to improve the coherence time scale of the system. Another interesting result can be observed from the system’s coherence time scale, which is very sensitive to the magnetic field and thus adding to non-commutative parameters, it may be useful to control decoherence in the system.