bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound of Muscle Perfusion May Indicate Patient Response to Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy
Authors: Delaney Lauren J. , Fitzgerald Kathleen , Stanczak Maria , Machado Priscilla , Entwistle John W. C. , Forsberg Flemming , Reeves Gordon R. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) support is associated with peripheral vascular abnormalities beyond those associated with heart failure (HF). These abnormalities are associated with persistent functional impairments that adversely impact quality of life (QoL). Methods for measuring peripheral vascular function in this population are needed.MethodsThis pilot study investigated the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using standardized protocols to estimate changes in peripheral (quadriceps) muscle perfusion among patients with HF (INTERMACS profile 3) undergoing LVAD implantation (n = 7). Patients were then stratified by those who did (“responders”, n = 4) and did not (“nonresponders”, n = 3) report QoL improvement with LVAD support.ResultsSerial measurements obtained preoperatively and 3 months following LVAD implantation showed no significant change (P > .23) in muscle perfusion by all CEUS‐based measures at rest or with an exercise stimulus for the overall population. Responders exhibited improved muscle perfusion at rest (P = .043) and decreased time to peak contrast enhancement (P = .010) at 3 months compared with baseline, suggesting improved delivery of blood to the extremities post‐LVAD. Nonresponders showed unchanged resting muscle perfusion (P > .99), time to peak contrast enhancement (P = .59), and response to exercise stimulus (P > .99) following LVAD therapy.ConclusionOur findings suggest that CEUS evaluation is a promising noninvasive, quantitative modality for real‐time assessment of peripheral vasculature and muscle perfusion as an indication of treatment response in LVAD recipients and that this modality may capture perfusion measures important to QoL following LVAD implantation.
Fetal Pulmonary Vein Pulsatility Index in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy as a Predictor of Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Lee Jeongeun , Cho Hyunjin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish whether the increased fetal pulmonary venous pulsatility index (PVPI) in late pregnancy can independently predict small for gestational age (SGA) and to verify its cut point value and efficacy.MethodThe PVPI was measured in women with singleton pregnancies between 25 and 39 gestational weeks. Maternal hypertension and diabetes, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and percentile of the corresponding weeks of pregnancy (USG_PER), gestational weeks at delivery, and birth weight and percentile of the corresponding weeks of pregnancy (BABY_PER) were reviewed. To assess whether PVPI was independently correlated with BABY_PER, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed. The cut point value of PVPI for the prediction of SGA was established using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsA total of 129 mothers were included in this study. Both USG_PER and PVPI were significantly related to SGA, independently (P <.001 and P = .004, respectively). The cut point value of PVPI was found to be 1.13. The AUCs of PVPI and USG_PER were not significantly different (P = .624). The sensitivity of PVPI was 70.27%, and the specificity was 92.39%.ConclusionPVPI could predict SGA independently, and the efficacy was comparable to EFW during pregnancy.
Registration of ‘AB Wrangler’, a two‐rowed feed and forage barley with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight
Authors: Juskiw P. E. , Kabeta Y. , Nyachiro J. M. , Duggan T. , Oatway L. , Oro M. , Bowness J. , Westling D. , Hoge L. , Xi K. , Turkington T. K. , Capettini F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium head blight (FHB) can reduce feed efficiencies. New barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars with improved resistance to FHB that still provide producers with high yield are desired. ‘AB Wrangler’ (Reg. no. CV‐372, PI 695086; CFIA Reg. no. 8911; Canadian PBR Appl. no. 19‐10051) is a two‐rowed, hulled, spring barley developed for feed and forage use. AB Wrangler has enhanced resistance to FHB in testing across Canada and the United States. In Canada, this line accumulated 50% less DON than the feed checks ‘CDC Austenson’ and ‘Champion’. Its DON levels were similar to the most resistant check ‘Chevron’ in the North American Barley Scab Evaluation Nursery. In the Western Cooperative Two‐row Barley Registration Tests, AB Wrangler outyielded the feed check CDC Austenson. In the Western Cooperative Forage Barley Registration Tests (FCoop), it had biomass yields similar to the highest yielding forage check ‘CDC Cowboy’ while its biomass quality was better than CDC Cowboy. It is a medium height cultivar with lodging resistance similar to the better checks in the FCoop. AB Wrangler has earlier maturity than CDC Austenson, similar to Champion. AB Wrangler was rated as resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to spot blotch, the surface‐borne smuts, and FHB. AB Wrangler combines good agronomic, disease, and feed–forage attributes that will make it suitable for dry‐land production on the northern Great Plains.
Factorization of Dual Quaternion Polynomials Without Study’s Condition
Authors: Siegele Johannes , Pfurner Martin , Schröcker Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate factorizations of polynomials over the ring of dual quaternions into linear factors. While earlier results assume that the norm polynomial is real (“motion polynomials”), we only require the absence of real polynomial factors in the primal part and factorizability of the norm polynomial over the dual numbers into monic quadratic factors. This obviously necessary condition is also sufficient for existence of factorizations. We present an algorithm to compute factorizations of these polynomials and use it for new constructions of mechanisms which cannot be obtained by existing factorization algorithms for motion polynomials. While they produce mechanisms with rotational or translational joints, our approach yields mechanisms consisting of “vertical Darboux joints”. They exhibit mechanical deficiencies so that we explore ways to replace them by cylindrical joints while keeping the overall mechanism sufficiently constrained.
Non-uniform Recovery Guarantees for Binary Measurements and Infinite-Dimensional Compressed Sensing
Authors: Thesing L. , Hansen A. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the many applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), radio interferometry, helium atom scattering etc., the theory of compressed sensing with Fourier transform measurements has reached a mature level. However, for binary measurements via the Walsh transform, the theory has long been merely non-existent, despite the large number of applications such as fluorescence microscopy, single pixel cameras, lensless cameras, compressive holography, laser-based failure-analysis etc. Binary measurements are a mainstay in signal and image processing and can be modelled by the Walsh transform and Walsh series that are binary cousins of the respective Fourier counterparts. We help bridging the theoretical gap by providing non-uniform recovery guarantees for infinite-dimensional compressed sensing with Walsh samples and wavelet reconstruction. The theoretical results demonstrate that compressed sensing with Walsh samples, as long as the sampling strategy is highly structured and follows the structured sparsity of the signal, is as effective as in the Fourier case. However, there is a fundamental difference in the asymptotic results when the smoothness and vanishing moments of the wavelet increase. In the Fourier case, this changes the optimal sampling patterns, whereas this is not the case in the Walsh setting.
Wie gelingt die Prävention psychischer Beschwerden?
Authors: Weniger Max , Beesdo-Baum Katja , Roessner Veit , Hense Helene , Knappe Susanne 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Emotionale und Verhaltensprobleme in der Kindheit haben oft weitreichende Folgen für die soziale, emotionale und kognitive Entwicklung, sodass ihrer Prävention ein hoher Stellenwert zukommt. Dennoch ist die Inanspruchnahme von Präventionsmaßnahmen im Kindesalter gering.

Ziel
In einer versorgungsepidemiologischen Implementationsstudie wird untersucht, inwiefern durch ein systematisches Screening eingebettet in U‑Untersuchungen die Identifikation von Risikokindern und die Zuweisung zu Präventionsprogrammen gelingt.

Methoden
Dazu ist ein Screening mittels „Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire“ während der regulären Gesundheitsuntersuchungen (U9–U11) von ca. 3500 Kindern im Alter von 5 bis 10 Jahren in ca. 53 Arztpraxen in Dresden und 20 km Umkreis geplant. Die Eltern erhalten von der Fachkraft für Kinderheilkunde eine Rückmeldung zu den Ergebnissen und im Falle von grenzwertigen Werten auf den Subskalen „Emotionale Probleme“ und/oder „Verhaltensprobleme“ eine Empfehlung für ein indikatives Präventionsprogramm. Zu vier Messzeitpunkten werden Familien mittels standardisierter und projektspezifischer Fragebogen befragt. Zusätzlich erfolgen leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Leistungserbringern und Familien.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Es werden die Machbarkeit, Nützlichkeit und Akzeptanz eines Screenings für emotionale und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Präventionsempfehlungen in Kinderarztpraxen im Prä‑/Post-Vergleich und nach 12 Monaten evaluiert. Förderliche und hemmende Faktoren für die Inanspruchnahme werden bestimmt, um Empfehlungen für die Implementation von Präventionsangeboten in die Regelversorgung abzuleiten, um emotionale und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten frühzeitig zu erkennen und der Entwicklung psychischer Störungen vorzubeugen.
On the Behavior of Mechanical Stress Fields at Indentation of Materials with Residual Stresses
Authors: Larsson Per-Lennart 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is an obvious fact that residual stresses can have a detrimental effect on the mechanical integrity of structures. Measuring such stresses can often be a tedious task and for that reason sharp indentation testing has been proposed as an alternative for this purpose. Correlation between global indentation properties and residual stresses has been studied quite frequently, and a solid foundation has been laid down concerning this issue. Empirical, or semi-empirical, relations have been proposed yielding results of quite good accuracy. Further progress and mechanical understanding regarding this matter will require a more in-depth understanding of the field variables at this particular indentation problem and this is the subject of the present study. In doing so, finite element simulations are performed of sharp indentation of materials with and without residual stresses. Classical Mises plasticity and conical indentation are considered. The main conclusion from this study is that the development of stresses in materials with high or medium-sized compressive residual stresses differs substantially from a situation with tensile residual stresses, both as regards the level of elastic deformation in the contact region and the sensitivity of such stresses. Any attempt to include such stress states in a general correlation effort of indentation quantities is therefore highly unlikely to be successful.
Hair Loss After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen , Fan Meiling , Wang Cunchuan , Mahawar Kamal , Parmar Chetan , Chen Weiju , Yang Wah ,   on behalf of Global Bariatric Research Collaborative
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hair loss is a common complication after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). There is a lack of published systematic review in the scientific literature on this topic. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on hair loss after MBS in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and four Chinese databases were searched. Data were pooled using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0, and subgroups were performed if necessary and feasible.

Results
A total of 18 studies (n = 2538) were included. The pooled results showed that the incidence of hair loss after MBS was 57% (95% CI 42–71%). It decreased with longer follow-up times. Hair loss was significantly more common in younger (mean difference (MD), − 2.45; 95% CI, − 4.26 to − 0.64; p = 0.008) women (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 0.59 to 17.59; p = 0.08). Serum zinc (standardized mean difference (SMD), − 1.13; 95% CI, − 2.27 to 0.01, p = 0.05), folic acid (SMD = − 0.88, 95% CI − 1.29 to − 0.46, p < 0.0001), and ferritin levels (SMD, − 0.22; 95% CI, − 0.38 to − 0.05; p = 0.01), but not serum iron and vitamin B12, were associated with hair loss following MBS.

Conclusions
Hair loss is common after MBS especially in younger women, and those with low serum levels of zinc, folic acid, and ferritin. Prospective studies on larger cohorts are needed.
When research met policy: a history of innovation and a complicated relationship in three Swedish development projects in mathematics education, 1960–2018
Authors: Prytz Johan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the relationship between research and governance policy in three Swedish major development projects in mathematics education: the New Math project (1960–1975), the PUMP project (1970–1980), and the Boost for Mathematics project in (2012–2016). All three projects were driven or financed by the Swedish central school authorities. Using a historical comparative method, this study deepens the understanding of how research co-exists with governance policy when preparing innovations in mathematics education. The main historical sources are official reports and governmental decisions concerning the three projects. The analysis is focused on the nature of the innovations of each project and the role of researchers in the process of creating the innovations. The analysis highlights the theories and the methods involved in those processes. The three projects are also positioned in a context of school governance policy. In Sweden, the prevailing school governing policy changed from a highly centralised governance in the 1960s to a highly decentralised governance in the 2010s. The paper concludes by discussing to what degree the researchers adhered to principles of research or school governance; in particular, the Boost for Mathematics project is considered in this regard. The relevance of the paper in relation to the emerging field of implementation research in mathematics education concerns how historical studies can give new insights about contemporary development projects in mathematics education.
Next-Generation Sequencing in the Field of Primary Immunodeficiencies: Current Yield, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Vorsteveld Emil E. , Hoischen Alexander , van der Made Caspar I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrimary immunodeficiencies comprise a group of inborn errors of immunity that display significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing techniques and predominantly whole exome sequencing have revolutionized the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of genetic diseases, thereby also leading to a sharp increase in the discovery of new genes associated with primary immunodeficiencies. In this review, we discuss the current diagnostic yield of this generic diagnostic approach by evaluating the studies that have employed next-generation sequencing techniques in cohorts of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The average diagnostic yield for primary immunodeficiencies is determined to be 29% (range 10–79%) and 38% specifically for whole-exome sequencing (range 15–70%). The significant variation between studies is mainly the result of differences in clinical characteristics of the studied cohorts but is also influenced by varying sequencing approaches and (in silico) gene panel selection. We further discuss other factors contributing to the relatively low yield, including the inherent limitations of whole-exome sequencing, challenges in the interpretation of novel candidate genetic variants, and promises of exploring the non-coding part of the genome. We propose strategies to improve the diagnostic yield leading the way towards expanded personalized treatment in PIDs.
Bullying and psychosocial adjustment among children with and without asthma
Authors: Runions Kevin C. , Cross Donna S. , Vithiatharan Rena , Everard Mark , Hall Graham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChildren with asthma face serious mental health risk, but the pathways remain unclear. This study aimed to examine bullying victimisation and perpetration in children with asthma and a comparison sample without a chronic health condition, and the role of bullying in moderating psychosocial adjustment outcomes for those with asthma. A sample of children with (n = 24) and without asthma (n = 39), and their parents, were recruited from hospital clinics. Parents rated children’s psychosocial adjustment; children provided self-report of bullying victimisation and perpetration; from which co-occurring bully/victim status was derived. No differences in mean perpetration or victimisation were found, but children with asthma were more likely to be bully/victims (involved both as target and perpetrator), compared to those without asthma. Children with asthma who were victims of bullying had greater peer problems and overall adjustment problems; bully/victims did not show this pattern. Children with asthma may be more likely to be bully/victims, and those who are victims of bullying may be at elevated risk for psychosocial adjustment problems and require particular support in this area from school counsellors and psychologists.
Relationship between parents’ dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Midori , Eto Kumi , Haraikawa Mayu , Yoshiike Nobuo , Yokoyama Tetsuji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To identify the relationship between preschool children’s dietary diversity and parents’ care behaviours related to their diet including contents of foods and snacks, mealtime practice and parent–child communication.

Design:
Cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children in 2015 by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Setting:
The distribution of food diversity score (FDS) (maximum of eight points) was confirmed. The participants were divided into higher (≥4 points) and lower (≤3 points) food diversity groups. A comparison between the two groups examined parents’ socio-economic status, children’s health and living conditions, and parental care concerning children’s diets (thirteen items). A multiple regression analysis was performed relating FDS to the factors of parental socio-economic status and child health, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors of parental care related to the higher food diversity group.

Participants:
2143 persons from households with children aged 2–6 years.

Results:
Parental care concerning children’s diets was the factor most strongly associated with children’s FDS. Those factors most strongly associated with higher food diversity were nutritional balance of foods (OR: 1·76; 95 % CI 1·44, 2·16; P < 0 0001), snack contents (OR: 1·41; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·86; P = 0·014) and regular mealtimes (OR: 1·30; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·55; P = 0·005).

Conclusions:
The findings indicate the importance of parents paying attention to the contents of children’s foods and snacks, ensuring that children eat regularly, and increasing the diversity of their diets.
Spin transport in polarization induced two-dimensional electron gas channel in c-GaN nano-wedges
Authors: Deb Swarup , Dhar Subhabrata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which has recently been shown to develop in the central vertical plane of a wedge-shaped c-oriented GaN nanowall due to spontaneous polarization effect, offers a unique scenario, where the symmetry between the conduction and valence band is preserved over the entire confining potential. This results in the suppression of Rashba coupling even when the shape of the wedge is not symmetric. Here, for such a 2DEG channel, relaxation time for different spin projections is calculated as a function of donor concentration and gate bias. Our study reveals a strong dependence of the relaxation rate on the spin-orientation and density of carriers in the channel. Most interestingly, relaxation of spin oriented along the direction of confinement has been found to be completely switched off. Upon applying a suitable bias at the gate, the process can be switched on again. Exploiting this fascinating effect, an electrically driven spin-transistor has been proposed.
Effect of NaCl road salt on the ionic composition of soils and Aesculus hippocastanum L. foliage and leaf damage intensity
Authors: Łuczak Katarzyna , Czerniawska-Kusza Izabela , Rosik-Dulewska Czesława , Kusza Grzegorz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the accumulation of sodium chloride in roadside soils and common horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum L. under urban conditions to evaluate changes in soil and leaf ionic content and their relationship with foliar damage, considering the visual assessment of trees of the same health status. A total of 15 field sites were assessed in late June 2016. The analysis included soil granulometric composition, pH, electrical conductivity, and the content of Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions in soil and foliage samples. The results showed increased salinity and alkalization of roadside soils together with the decreased magnesium content. Foliage samples manifested significantly higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl−. A wide range of Cl− content was noted in leaves (2.0–11.8% d.w.) regardless of their damage index. On the contrary, leaf damage was strongly correlated with increasing Na+ concentrations and decreasing K+ and Mg2+. A severe imbalance of nutrients, and therefore poor urban tree vitality, can be attributed to the excessive accumulation of de-icing salt. However, further research would be needed to clarify the discrepancy between the extent of leaf damage and chloride content.
Beyond the Annual and Aggregate Measurement of Household Inequality: The Case Study of Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya
Authors: Sassi Maria , Trital Gopal , Bhattacharjee Poushali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates household seasonal food expenditure inequality in the rural Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya using the extended decomposition of Gini and primary data referred from February 2018 to January 2019. The new elements introduced by the paper are the disaggregation of the food expenditure by source of access (purchase, auto-consumption, and gifts); inclusion of traditional species in the food categories; the features of the area investigated; a novel focus on household economic disparities in flower enclave; and the comparison between the annual and monthly level of inequality to understand the seasonality in household inequality. The results highlight the positive contribution of the subsistence sector to the reduction of inequality during the harvesting period of respective food category; and the need for a well-coordinated set of poverty, food security and agricultural development policies to contribute to the achievement of the first goal of Agenda 2030.