bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial asymmetry in parents of children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Tan Diana Weiting , Gilani Syed Zulqarnain , Boutrus Maryam , Alvares Gail A. , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Mian Ajmal , Suter David , Maybery Murray T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGreater facial asymmetry has been consistently found in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to children without ASD. There is substantial evidence that both facial structure and the recurrence of ASD diagnosis are highly heritable within a nuclear family. Furthermore, sub‐clinical levels of autistic‐like behavioural characteristics have also been reported in first‐degree relatives of individuals with ASD, commonly known as the ‘broad autism phenotype’. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether a broad autism phenotype expresses as facial asymmetry among 192 biological parents of autistic individuals (134 mothers) compared to those of 163 age‐matched adults without a family history of ASD (113 females). Using dense surface‐modelling techniques on three dimensional facial images, we found evidence for greater facial asymmetry in parents of autistic individuals compared to age‐matched adults in the comparison group (p = 0.046, d = 0.21 [0.002, 0.42]). Considering previous findings and the current results, we conclude that facial asymmetry expressed in the facial morphology of autistic children may be related to heritability factors.Lay AbstractIn a previous study, we showed that autistic children presented with greater facial asymmetry than non‐autistic children. In the current study, we examined the amount of facial asymmetry shown on three‐dimensional facial images of 192 parents of autistic children compared to a control group consisting of 163 similarly aged adults with no known history of autism. Although parents did show greater levels of facial asymmetry than those in the control group, this effect is statistically small. We concluded that the facial asymmetry previously found in autistic children may be related to genetic factors.
Screening of alkali‐assisted storage conditions to define the operational window of deacetylation within storage systems in the bioenergy supply chain
Authors: Wendt Lynn M. , Wahlen Bradley D. , Walton Michelle R. , Nguyen Jason A. , Lin Yingqian , Brown Rebecca M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvercoming biomass heterogeneity and associated recalcitrance to thermal, chemical, and enzymatic depolymerization is a necessary but challenging aspect of valorizing lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. This study explores how this recalcitrance can be reduced during the supply chain unit operation of storage, which is required for seasonally harvested agricultural residues to maintain constant throughput at a biorefinery. In this work, partial alkali pretreatment was performed just prior to corn stover entering storage, which had the benefit of providing a high pH environment entering storage such that soluble sugars were preserved and saponified acetyl groups in hemicellulose. This work investigated a range of viable conditions where saponification and preservation occur simultaneously by varying the moisture content (40% and 60%) and concentrations of sodium hydroxide (low and high) during aerobic and anaerobic storage. Anaerobic conditions preserved overall dry matter below 5% in the three scenarios evaluated, and the highest alkali loading solubilized up to 15% lignin, 18% xylan, and 50% of acetate, meanwhile doubling the extractable components. Scanning electron microscopy images highlighted potential physical impacts including cell‐wall disruption near vascular bundles, pitting within parenchyma cells, and cell‐wall distortion. Techno‐economic assessment indicated that this storage approach and associated logistics system is economically competitive with a conventional approach using low‐moisture bales. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Exploring an experimental combination of analytical quality by design and green analytical chemistry approaches for development of HPTLC densitometric protocol for the analysis of barnidipine hydrochloride
Authors: Shirkhedkar Atul A. , Chaudhari Suraj R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn experimental combination of analytical quality by design and green analytical chemistry approaches is introduced to develop an high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach to quantify barnidipine hydrochloride in the pharmaceutical matrix. The analytical quality by design approach was introduced to green analytical chemistry to enhance protocol knowledge while ensuring efficiency and reducing environmental impacts, energy consumption and analyst visibility. This analytical approach was systematically addressed by exploring failure mode effect analysis, risk assessment and optimization design. Subsequently, a screening of primary variables was performed to select the aptest proportion of solvents in the mobile phase resulting from the principles of green analytical chemistry. Failure mode effect analysis and a risk assessment study were attempted to estimate the critical method parameters (CMPs). The influence of the CMPs on critical analytical attributes, i.e. retention factor and peak area, was assessed through a screening design. A response surface methodology was then executed for the critical analytical attributes as a concern of the determined CMPs, and the conditions for excellent resolution were determined using a desirability procedure. The established protocol was validated in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization guideline Q2(R1) and showed excellent specificity and sensitivity.
Evaluating the clinical trends and benefits of low‐dose computed tomography in lung cancer patients
Authors: Qiao Edmund M. , Voora Rohith S. , Nalawade Vinit , Kotha Nikhil V. , Qian Alexander S. , Nelson Tyler J. , Durkin Michael , Vitzthum Lucas K. , Murphy James D. , Stewart Tyler F. , Rose Brent S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite guideline recommendations, utilization of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening remains low. The driving factors behind these low rates and the real‐world effect of LDCT utilization on lung cancer outcomes remain limited.MethodsWe identified patients diagnosed with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2015 to 2017 within the Veterans Health Administration. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the influence of LDCT screening on stage at diagnosis. Lead time correction using published LDCT lead times was performed. Cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) was evaluated using Fine–Gray regression with non‐cancer death as a competing risk. A lasso machine learning model identified important predictors for receiving LDCT screening.ResultsAmong 4664 patients, mean age was 67.8 with 58‐month median follow‐up, 95% CI = [7–71], and 118 patients received ≥1 screening LDCT before NSCLC diagnosis. From 2015 to 2017, LDCT screening increased (0.1%–6.6%, mean = 1.3%). Compared with no screening, patients with ≥1 LDCT were more than twice as likely to present with stage I disease at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 2.16 [95% CI 1.46–3.20]) and less than half as likely to present with stage IV (OR 0.38 [CI 0.21–0.70]). Screened patients had lower risk of CSM even after adjusting for LDCT lead time (subdistribution hazard ratio 0.60 [CI 0.42–0.85]). The machine learning model achieved an area under curve of 0.87 and identified diagnosis year and region as the most important predictors for receiving LDCT. White, non‐Hispanic patients were more likely to receive LDCT screening, whereas minority, older, female, and unemployed patients were less likely.ConclusionsUtilization of LDCT screening is increasing, although remains low. Consistent with randomized data, LDCT‐screened patients were diagnosed at earlier stages and had lower CSM. LDCT availability appeared to be the main predictor of utilization. Providing access to more patients, including those in diverse racial and socioeconomic groups, should be a priority.
Analysis of risk factors for Gleason score upgrading after radical prostatectomy in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Zhang Baoling , Wu Shangrong , Zhang Yang , Guo Mingyu , Liu Ranlu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo study the risk factors of Gleason score upgrading (GSU) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in a Chinese cohort.MethodsThe data of 637 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and RP in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The age, body mass index (BMI), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, testosterone (TT) level, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (ELR), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio, clinical stage, the biopsy method, and pathological characteristics of specimens after biopsy and RP were collected for all patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of GSU after RP. The predictive efficacy was verified with the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We performed the analysis separately in the overall cohort and in the cohort with Gleason score (GS) = 6.ResultsIn the overall cohort, 177 patients (27.79%) had GSU, and in the GS = 6 cohort, 68 patients (60.18%) had GSU. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the overall cohort, clinical stage ≥T2c (OR = 3.201, p < 0.001), the number of positive cores ≥3 (OR = 0.435, p = 0.04), and positive rate of biopsy (OR = 0.990, p = 0.016) can affect whether GS is upgraded, and the AUC of the combination of the three indicators for predicting the occurrence of GSU was 0.627. In the GS = 6 cohort, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that clinical stage ≥T2c (OR = 4.690, p = 0.001) was a risk factor for GSU, and the AUC predicted to occur GSU is 0.675.ConclusionClinical stage ≥T2c, the number of positive cores <3, and lower positive rate of biopsy are the risk factors of GSU. This study may provide some references for clinicians to judge the accuracy of biopsy pathological grading and formulate treatment strategies, but the specific effect still needs clinical practice certification.
Levocarnitine for pegaspargase‐induced hepatotoxicity in older children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Schulte Rachael , Hinson Ashley , Huynh Van , Breese Erin H. , Pierro Joanna , Rotz Seth , Mixon Benjamin A. , McNeer Jennifer L. , Burke Michael J. , Orgel Etan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPegaspargase (PEG‐ASP) is an integral component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but is associated with hepatotoxicity that may delay or limit future therapy. Obese and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients are at high risk. Levocarnitine has been described as potentially beneficial for the treatment or prevention of PEG‐ASP‐associated hepatotoxicity.MethodsWe collected data for patients age ≥10 years who received levocarnitine during induction therapy for ALL, compared to a similar patient cohort who did not receive levocarnitine. The primary endpoint was conjugated bilirubin (c.bili) >3 mg/dl. Secondary endpoints were transaminases >10× the upper limit of normal and any Grade ≥3 hepatotoxicity.ResultsFifty‐two patients received levocarnitine for prophylaxis (n = 29) or rescue (n = 32) of hepatotoxicity. Compared to 109 patients without levocarnitine, more patients receiving levocarnitine were obese and/or older and had significantly higher values for some hepatotoxicity markers at diagnosis and after PEG‐ASP. Levocarnitine regimens varied widely; no adverse effects of levocarnitine were identified. Obesity and AYA status were associated with an increased risk of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and severe transaminitis. Multivariable analysis identified a protective effect of levocarnitine on the development of c.bili >3 mg/dl (OR 0.12, p = 0.029). There was no difference between groups in CTCAE Grade ≥3 hepatotoxicity. C.bili >3 mg/dl during induction was associated with lower event‐free survival.ConclusionsThis real‐world data on levocarnitine supplementation during ALL induction highlights the risk of PEG‐ASP‐associated hepatotoxicity in obese and AYA patients, and hepatotoxicity's potential impact on survival. Levocarnitine supplementation may be protective, but prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Should I invite them? Bystanders' inclusivity judgements towards outgroup victims and ingroup bullies in intergroup bullying
Authors: Gönültaş Seçil , Yavuz H. Melis , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined bystanders' judgements of bullying and their inclusivity towards refugee victims and ingroup bully peers. Participants included 587 Turkish adolescents (Mage = 13.14, SD = 1.60) who were presented with two stories: intergroup (Syrian refugee victim) and intragroup (Turkish victim) bullying. They indicated acceptability of bullying, retaliation, and how likely they would be to include victims and bullies in different social contexts. Empathy, prejudice, desired social distance, and peer norms towards Syrian refugees were examined as predictors. Adolescents in schools with a higher number of Syrian peers were more likely to expect they would include the Syrian victim than adolescents in schools with a lower number of Syrian peers. Further, adolescents with higher empathy were more likely to include the Syrian victim while adolescents with higher prejudice and desired social distance were less likely to include the Syrian victim. The results highlight the importance of attending to bystanders' future interactions with victims and bullies, as bystanders have the opportunity to challenge injustice by promoting inclusive school climates in diverse societies. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Quantifying the target market for advertisers
Authors: Graham Charles , Kennedy Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMarketers who want to protect their brand's share or grow it need to know who to reach and nudge with advertising. This paper uses continuous household panel data for 55 leading, advertised brands in 12 CPG categories to quantify their target market over different time frames and conditions (market type, brand size and dynamism). Results demonstrate that the customer base (brand penetration) must swell dramatically over time to maintain, let alone grow, market share. For stable brands, penetration typically doubles from its level in one quarter to a year, then again from 1 to 5 years as brands continue to attract lighter buyers who underpin long run sales. Over 5 years, over a third of brand buyers are so light that they buy the brand just once, but such buyers are vital to sales and critical to growth. As well as quantifying the 5‐year target audience for brands across these conditions, we test the predictive accuracy of the NBD‐Dirichlet as a benchmark. The implications for advertising and media strategy are detailed. The long‐term lessons for targeting become clear—unless brands “target the market”, they have adopted a counter growth strategy.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia complicated by frequent myeloproliferative neoplasm‐related thromboembolism: thrombosis occurring regardless of αIIbβIII integrin deficiency
Authors: Schutgens Roger E. G. , Urbanus Rolf T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA patient with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia developed recurrent venous thrombosis with a JAK2 positive myeloproliferative neoplasm. This indicates that the platelet aIIbβIII integrin has no role in venous thrombosis. We discuss the other potential mechanisms that are involved. In addition, we describe the successful use of dabigatran in this patient.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the larynx: Case report
Authors: Foster Henry James , Ow Thomas J. , Bottalico Danielle , Scott Gorthey , Ustun Berrin , Shifteh Keivan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is usually a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin that is rarely found in the larynx. This case explores the unique laryngeal location and presentation of this tumor as well as the challenging radiographic and histologic findings.
Lymphocyte transformation test: The multiple positive results turned to all negative after influenza infection
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Iida Shohei , Umaoka Ai , Nakanishi Takehisa , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Habe Koji , Yamanaka Keiichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously positive lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) results changed to negative during influenza infection. As observed in the current article, results of LTT may be influenced by infection; therefore, it is crucial to consider the timing of LTT.
Abdominal wall endometrioma: An insidious cause of delayed diagnosis
Authors: Stavros Sofoklis , Domali Ekaterini , Papapanagiotou Ioannis K. , Drakakis Peter , Rodolakis Alexandros 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn extremely rare extrapelvic position of endometriosis with a precise incidence of 0.07%–0.47%, leading usually to delayed and false diagnosis. Differential diagnosis should include that rare condition while ultrasonography remains a pivotal tool to unravel that enigma, especially in women with no specific symptoms and surgeries in the past.
Partial molar pregnancy with a normal live fetus and umbilical cord abnormalities: A novel association with long‐term follow‐up: A case report
Authors: Ghalandarpoor Attar Seyedeh Noushin , Ghalandarpoor Attar Seyedeh Mojgan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA euploid fetus in a partial molar pregnancy can develop umbilical cord abnormalities as pregnancy goes on. So, careful examination of the umbilical cord can determine fetuses at risk for ominous adverse effects.
Technical and Economic Analysis for the Production of Acrylonitrile from Crude Glycerol
Authors: Braga Eduardo Ramos , Braga Rafael Ramos , Magalhães Pontes Luiz Antônio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlycerol is the main by‐product of biodiesel plants, and new technological routes using it as a raw material are being developed due to the increased global production of biofuels. One possible application is in the production of acrylonitrile, a product with several industrial applications. Here, the production process of acrylonitrile using crude glycerol is proposed and analyzed. The process is shown to be economically viable, requiring an operating time of 5 years to achieve a net present value/investment ratio greater than 2 and an internal rate of return greater than 10 % per annum. The new process was found to be competitive compared to the current route (through propylene ammoxidation), supporting the development of new studies on this new route.
Association of coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac bridge integrator 1, a cardiomyocyte dysfunction biomarker
Authors: Pacheco Christine , Wei Janet , Shufelt Chrisandra , C. Hitzeman Tara , Cook‐Wiens Galen , Pepine Carl J. , Handberg Eileen , Anderson R. David , Petersen John , Hong TingTing , M. Shaw Robin , Bairey Merz C. Noel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); however, pathophysiology is not well described.HypothesisWe hypothesized that CMD in women with suspected ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is associated with cardiomyocyte dysfunction reflected by plasma levels of a cardiomyocyte calcium handling protein, cardiac bridge integrator 1 (cBIN1).MethodsWomen with suspected INOCA undergoing coronary function testing were included. Coronary flow reserve, vasodilation to nitroglycerin, change in coronary blood flow (ΔCBF), and vasodilation to acetylcholine (ΔAch) were evaluated. cBIN1 score (CS) levels in these women (n = 39) were compared to women with HFpEF (n = 20), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (n = 36), and reference controls (RC) (n = 50). Higher CS indicates cardiomyocyte tubule dysfunction.ResultsINOCA, HFpEF, and HFrEF women were older than RC (p < .05). Higher CS was associated with vasoconstriction to acetylcholine (r = −0.43, p = .011) with a trend towards lower ΔCBF (r = 0.30, p = .086). Higher CS was specific for ΔAch and ΔCBF but had limited sensitivity. INOCA women had higher CS than RC, but lower CS than HFpEF/HFrEF groups (p < .001).ConclusionsCS, a plasma biomarker indicating poor cardiomyocyte health, was higher in women with suspected INOCA as compared to RC, but lower than in women with HFpEF. Elevated CS in suspected INOCA patients represents an intermediate group between health and disease, supporting the hypothesis that CMD may progress to HFpEF. Larger prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the pathophysiological relationship between cBIN1, CMD, and HFpEF.
Trends in the incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer in all 50 United States from 2001 through 2017
Authors: Shah Rajesh R. , Millien Valentine O. , da Costa Wilson L. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Gould Suarez Milena , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe rate of change in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among persons younger than 50 years in the United States appears to vary by demographics, tumor location, and geography. This study analyzed data from all 50 states to examine recent changes in the incidence of CRC among persons younger than 50 years and to identify key subgroups with disproportionate risk.MethodsAnnual incidence rates for CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer in persons aged 20 to 49 years were extracted from the US Cancer Statistics for the period 2001‐2017. Secular trends were examined overall and by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, stage, and state. Joinpoint regression was used to compute annual percent changes and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) as well as corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThe incidence of CRC increased by 1.27% (95% CI, 0.95%‐1.60%) annually from 2001 to 2012 and by 3.00% (95% CI, 2.06%‐3.95%) annually from 2012 to 2017. AAPCs for the period 2001‐2017 were higher among persons aged 20 to 24 years (AAPC, 6.62%; 95% CI, 3.86%‐9.45%) in comparison with other age groups and higher among non‐Hispanic Whites (AAPC, 2.38%; 95% CI, 1.98%‐2.79%) in comparison with other racial/ethnic groups. In 2001‐2002, only 1 state had an age‐standardized incidence rate > 13.0 per 100,000, but this number increased to 32 states by 2016‐2017.ConclusionsCRC rates among US adults aged 20 to 49 years increased from 2001 to 2017, with the fastest increases observed from 2012 to 2017. Increases were observed among the youngest age groups, among non‐Hispanic Whites, and in states in the West, Midwest, and Rocky Mountain regions. Increasing rates across all tumor stages suggest a real increase in CRC incidence.