bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Practices and Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Bai John (Jianqiu) , Jin Wang , Serfling Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Using a novel data set of establishment-level management practices from the U.S. Census Bureau, we show that firms with more specific, formal, frequent, or explicit (i.e., “structured”) management practices tend to acquire establishments with less structured management practices and, following the acquisition, adopt more structured practices at the target establishments. These changes are larger when acquirers have a greater incentive and ability to make changes and are also associated with improvements in establishment performance. Overall, our findings suggest that the adoption of more structured management practices constitutes an important source of value creation in mergers and acquisitions. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Relationships Under Stress: Relational Outsourcing in the U.S. Airline Industry After the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Gil Ricard , Kim Myongjin , Zanarone Giorgio 
Published: March 2021

This paper studies how firms restructure their relational contracts in the face of permanent shocks to the value of their relationships. In the context of the U.S. airline industry, we argue that major carriers enter self-enforcing agreements with their outsourced regional partners because a key aspect of airline operations—the exchange of landing slots under adverse weather—is formally noncontractible. We show empirically that major and regional airlines did not terminate their relational contracts after the 2008 crisis but rather, restructured the scope of such contracts in a way that restored their credibility. In particular, we show that a major airline was less likely to continue outsourcing a route to a regional partner after the 2008 crisis the lower the present discounted value of their preexisting relationship and hence, the larger the negative effect of the crisis on the relational contract’s “self-enforcing range.” This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
the facilitator as liberator and enabler: ethical responsibility in communities of philosophical inquiry
Authors: Kizel Arie 
Published: March 2021

From its inception, philosophy for/with children (P4wC) has sought to promote philosophical discussion with children based on the latter’s own questions and a pedagogic method designed to encourage critical, creative, and caring thinking. Communities of inquiry can be plagued by power struggles prompted by diverse identities, however. These not always being highlighted in the literature or P4wC discourse, this article proposes a two-stage model for facilitators as part of their ethical responsibility. In the first phase, they should free themselves from assumptions and closed-mindedness. They should liberate themselves from pedagogy of fear and “banking education” in order to act freely in an educational space characterized by improvisation that cultivates participation of the children. Here, the text is based on normalizing education principles, counter-education and diasporic-education approaches in order to ensure openness and inclusiveness. In the second, they should embrace enabling-identity views and practices in order to make the community of inquiry as identity-broad and -rich as possible, recognizing and legitimizing the participants’ differences. Here, the text is based on principles such as recognizing power games as part of the community, ensuring multi-narratives human environment and enabling epistemic justice in order to ensure perspectival multiplicity, multiple identities, and the legitimization of difference characterized by pedagogy of search.
cartografia infantil: enfoques metodológicos seguidos de experiências com crianças e jovens de portugal e brasil
Authors: Almeida Tiago , Costa Luciano Bedin 
Published: March 2021

This article has a double objective that aims to situate, theoretically and empirically, children's cartography as a research methodology. In a first movement, we will situate children's cartography in its epistemological and philosophical bases, having as inspiration the cartographic conceptions of the philosophy of Deleuze & Guattari and his commentators. The introduction of cartography with children shifts our research perspectives to include dimensions that were once imperceptible or relegated to a plane of lesser value: it maps, not just what children see, but what they say, and chronicles the coexistence of children and the world in ways not previously available to adult-organized research vehicles. We illustrate by chronicling two cartographic experiences carried out with children and young people from Portugal and Brazil, and finish with a reflection on how researchers might configure mapping experiences that act to open the worlds of adults and children to each other.
A Review of Non-plaque-related Gingival Conditions. Part One: Genetic/Developmental Disorders, Specific Infections and Inflammatory and Immune Conditions
Authors: Simms Melanie , Lewis Michael 
Published: March 2021

The dental gingivae are a unique part of the oral anatomy and an integral part of the periodontal tissues. Although the vast majority of abnormalities affecting the gingival tissues are due to a simple inflammatory reaction directly related to the presence of dental plaque, a range of non-plaque-related conditions also occur due to either local or systemic factors. Such factors include developmental abnormalities, the presence of malignancy and manifestations of underlying systemic conditions. Recognition and diagnosis of non-plaque-related gingival disease is essential for comprehensive dental health care. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper provides a review of the spectrum of non-plaque-related conditions that can affect the dental gingivae.
Avoiding disasters in restorative dentistry by effective communication
Authors: Paterson Andrew James 
Published: March 2021

A definition of a restorative disaster is proposed. Reasons are discussed that contribute to restorative disasters that primarily focus on dentist factors within the dentist–patient relationship. For prevention of a restorative disaster in the failing dentition, the importance of effective communication, the use of an evidence-based approach and having clear consent processes are stressed. The negative consequences of an inability to say ‘no’, a reliance on experience and intuition in decision making, a simple misplaced desire to help and the creation of false hope are seen as factors in managing the failing dentition that may lead to restorative disaster. Using a clinical example, a broad strategy for effective management of a restorative disaster is discussed, which readers may find helpful to apply to similar situations that may occur on occasion in clinical practice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant to both generalists and specialists involved in the clinical management of heavily restored and failing dentitions, together with students who will be likely to face similar issues in the future.
The metatarsaus adductus effect by the syndesmosis procedure for hallux valgus correction
Authors: Wu Daniel Yiang , Lam Eddy Kwok Fai 
Published: March 2021

AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the adductus impact on the second metatarsal by the nonosteotomy nonarthrodesis syndesmosis procedure for the hallux valgus deformity correction, and how it would affect the mechanical function of the forefoot in walking. For correcting the metatarsus primus varus deformity of hallux valgus feet, the syndesmosis procedure binds first metatarsal to the second metatarsal with intermetatarsal cerclage sutures.MethodsWe reviewed clinical records of a single surgical practice from its entire 2014 calendar year. In total, 71 patients (121 surgical feet) qualified for the study with a mean follow-up of 20.3 months (SD 6.2). We measured their metatarsus adductus angle with the Sgarlato’s method (SMAA), and the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and metatarsophalangeal angle (MPA) with Hardy’s mid axial method. We also assessed their American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical scale score, and photographic and pedobarographic images for clinical function results.ResultsSMAA increased from preoperative 15.9° (SD 4.9°) to 17.2° (5.0°) (p < 0.001). IMA and MPA corrected from 14.6° (SD 3.3°) and 31.9° (SD 8.0°) to 7.2° (SD 2.2°) and 18.8° (SD 6.4°) (p < 0.001), respectively. AOFAS score improved from 66.8 (SD 12.0) to 96.1 (SD 8.0) points (p < 0.001). Overall, 98% (119/121) of feet with preoperative plantar calluses had them disappeared or noticeably subsided, and 93% (113/121) of feet demonstrated pedobarographic medialization of forefoot force in walking. We reported all complications.ConclusionThis study, for the first time, reported the previously unknown metatarsus adductus side-effect of the syndesmosis procedure. However, it did not compromise function restoration of the forefoot by evidence of our patients' plantar callus and pedobarographic findings. Level of Clinical Evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(3):174–180.
Impact of 1h oral glucose tolerance test on the clinical status of adult cystic fibrosis patients over a 4-year period
Authors: Boudreau Valérie , Reynaud Quitterie , Denis Angélique , Colomba Johann , Touzet Sandrine , Desjardins Katherine , Bourdy Stéphanie Poupon , Durieu Isabelle , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo report the clinical profile associated with G60 and I60 over a 4-year prospective observational period in 2 large cohorts of adult patients with CF.Methods319 patients were included (210 Canadian and 119 French) and classified according to their inclusion G60 (≥ or < 11.1 mmol/L) and the median inclusion I60 (≥ or < 24 mU/I). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), body mass index (BMI) were collected on OGTT days. Linear mixed regression models were used to assess the effect of G60 and I60.ResultsHigh G60 was not associated to a lower FEV1 at inclusion and the follow-up decline was not higher in the high G60 group (Coefficient [95% CI]: -3.4 [-7.4;0.6], p = 0.0995.). There was no significant association between BMI and G60. Patients with high I60 tended to have a higher mean BMI (+0.5 kg/m2[0.0 to 1.1], p = 0.05) but no interaction over time was observed.ConclusionsHigh G60 is not associated with a lower lung function at inclusion nor its decline over a 4-year follow-up. High I60 is slightly associated to a higher weight at inclusion, but not with BMI evolution over time in adult patients.
Optimal treatment strategies for stage I non-small cell lung cancer in veterans with pulmonary and cardiac comorbidities
Authors: Sigel Keith , Kong Chung Yin , Rehmani Sadiq , Bates Susan , Gould Michael , Stone Kimberly , Kale Minal , Park Yeun-Hee , Crothers Kristina , Bhora Faiz , Wisnivesky Juan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Veterans are at increased risk of lung cancer and many have comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). We used simulation modeling to assess projected outcomes associated with different management strategies of Veterans with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with COPD and/or CAD.

Patients and methods
Using data from a cohort of 14,029 Veterans (years 2000–2015) with NSCLC we extended a well-validated mathematical model of lung cancer to represent the management and outcomes of Veterans with stage I NSCLC with COPD, with or without comorbid CAD. We simulated multiple randomized trials to compare treatment with lobectomy, limited resection, or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Model output estimated expected quality adjusted life years (QALY) of Veterans with stage I NSCLC according to age, tumor size, histologic subtype, COPD severity and CAD diagnosis.

Results
For Veterans <70 years old lobectomy was associated with greater projected quality-adjusted life expectancy regardless of comorbidity status. For most combinations of tumors and comorbidity profiles there was no dominant treatment for Veterans ≥80 years of age, but less invasive treatments were often superior to lobectomy. Dominant treatment choices differed by CAD status for older patients in a third of scenarios, but not for patients <70 years old.

Conclusions
The harm/benefit ratio of treatments for stage I NSCLC among Veterans may vary according to COPD severity and the presence of CAD. This information can be used to direct future research study design for Veterans with stage I lung cancer and COPD and/or CAD.
Associations of firearm dealer openings with firearm self-harm deaths and injuries: A differences-in-differences analysis
Authors: Matthay Ellicott C. , Farkas Kriszta , Goin Dana E. , Rudolph Kara E. , Pear Veronica A. , Ahern Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Background
Firearm dealer density is correlated with firearm interpersonal violence, but no quasi-experimental studies have assessed whether changes in dealer density lead to changes in firearm self-harm injuries and deaths. We assessed whether openings of firearm dealers are associated with short-term changes in local firearm self-harm injury rates.

Methods
We identified 718 openings of firearm dealers in California using licensing data, 2014–2016. We defined exposure regions based on aggregations of zip codes defined by proximity to firearm dealer openings and matched each opening to four control regions on time and determinants of firearm injury. We applied a differences-in-differences approach to compare rates of firearm self-harm, in the month before and after each opening, in places with and without openings.

Results
Firearm dealer openings were not associated with acute, local changes in firearm self-harm relative to places without openings (ratio of rate ratio: 0.90 [95% CI:0.68–1.19]). Results were robust to numerous sensitivity and secondary analyses.

Conclusion
We found no associations of firearm dealer openings with acute, localized firearm self-harm deaths and injuries. Our focus on acute, local effects; broad availability of dealers and firearms; durability of firearms; or strong confounding-control may explain these null findings.
Evaluating the effects of socioeconomic status on stroke and bleeding risk scores and clinical events in patients on oral anticoagulant for new onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ravvaz Kourosh , Weissert John A. , Jahangir Arshad , Ruff Christian T. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe risk of thromboembolism and bleeding before initiation of oral anticoagulant (OAC) in atrial fibrillation patients is estimated by CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scoring system, respectively. Patients’ socioeconomic status (SES) could influence these risks, but its impact on the two risk scores’ predictive performance with respect to clinical events remains unknown. Our objective was to determine if patient SES defined by area deprivation index (ADI), in conjunction with CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, could guide oral anticoagulation therapy.Methods and findingsThe study cohort included newly diagnosed patients with AF who were treated with warfarin. The cohort was stratified by the time in therapeutic range of INR (TTR), ADI, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED risk scores. TTR and ischemic and bleeding events during the first year of therapy were compared across subpopulations. Among 7274 patients, those living in the two most deprived quintiles (ADI ≥60%) had a significantly higher risk of ischemic events and those in the most deprived quintile (ADI≥80%) had a significantly increased risk of bleeding events. ADI significantly improved the predictive performance of CHA2DS2-VASc but not HAS-BLED risk scores.ConclusionADI can predict increased risk for ischemic and bleeding events in the first year of warfarin therapy in patients with incident AF.
A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on stunting and its determinants among school-age children (6-14years) in Ethiopia
Authors: Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Tadesse Abay woday , Mare Kusse Urmale , Abebaw Dessie , Worku Netsanet 
Published: March 2021

Background
In Ethiopia, stunting is a common public health problem among school-age children. Even though several studies were conducted in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence of stunting and its determinants not estimated. Therefore, this study intends to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of stunting among school-age children in Ethiopia.

Methods
This review protocol is registered at PROSPERO with Registration number: CRD42020160625. Online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science direct), Google, Google Scholar, and other grey literature will be used to search articles until June 2020. The quality assessment will be performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The analysis will be organized and presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined using a chi-squared test on Cochran’s Q statistic with a 5% level of statistical significance, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression will be performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. To identify influential studies, sensitivity analysis will be conducted. Presence publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots. The presence of a statistical association will be declared at a p-value <0.05 with the 95% CI.

Discussion
Stunting is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which affects the health of children. So, designing and implementing different nutritional strategies and promoting healthcare services is extremely mandatory to overcome stunting problems in the country. To understand this, estimating the prevalence of stunting at the national level and determining the pertinent common determinants using high-level evidence is fairly imperative. Therefore, this study will offer a summarizing finding.
Elicitation of stakeholder viewpoints about medical cannabis research for pain management in critically ill ventilated patients: A Q-methodology study
Authors: DiDiodato Giulio , Hassan Samah , Cooley Kieran 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
To determine acceptability of medical cannabis research in critically ill patients.

Design
Q-methodology survey.

Setting
Convenience sample of healthcare providers and the general public were recruited at an acute care community hospital in Ontario, Canada.

Participants
In the first phase, 63 respondents provided 197 unique viewpoints in response to a topic statement about medical cannabis use in critically ill patients. Twenty-five viewpoints were selected for the q-sample. In the second phase, 99 respondents ranked these viewpoints according to an a priori quasi normal distribution ranging from +4 (most agree) to -4 (least agree). Factor analysis was combined with comments provided by survey respondents to label and describe the extracted factors.

Results
The factor labels were hoping and caring (factor 1), pragmatic progress (factor 2), and cautious/conservative and protectionist (factor 3). Factor 1 describes a viewpoint of unequivocal support for medical cannabis research in this population with few caveats. Factor 2 describes a viewpoint of cautious support with a need to monitor for unintended adverse effects. Factor 3 describes a viewpoint of ensuring that current analgosedation techniques are optimized before exposing patients to another potentially harmful drug.

Conclusions
Using a q-methodology design, we were able to sample and describe the viewpoints that exist about medical cannabis research in critically ill patients. Three factors emerged that seemed to adequately describe the relative ranking of q-statements by the majority of respondents. Combining the distinguishing statements along with respondent comments allowed us to determine that the majority support medical cannabis research in critically ill patients.
Effectiveness of electrophysical modalities in the sensorimotor rehabilitation of radial, ulnar, and median neuropathies: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bula-Oyola Ena , Belda-Lois Juan-Manuel , Porcar-Seder Rosa , Page Álvaro 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPeople with ulnar, radial or median nerve injuries can present significant impairment of their sensory and motor functions. The prescribed treatment for these conditions often includes electrophysical therapies, whose effectiveness in improving symptoms and function is a source of debate. Therefore, this systematic review aims to provide an integrative overview of the efficacy of these modalities in sensorimotor rehabilitation compared to placebo, manual therapy, or between them.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. We perform a literature review in the following databases: Biomed Central, Ebscohost, Lilacs, Ovid, PEDro, Sage, Scopus, Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science, for the period 1980–2020. We include studies that discussed the sensorimotor rehabilitation of people with non-degenerative ulnar, radial, or median nerve injury. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool described in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the risk of bias across studies with the GRADE approach described in the GRADE Handbook.ResultsThirty-eight studies were included in the systematic review and 34 in the meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence was rated as low or very low according to GRADE criteria.Low-level laser therapy and ultrasound showed favourable results in improving symptom severity and functional status compared to manual therapy. In addition, the low level laser showed improvements in pinch strength compared to placebo and pain (VAS) compared to manual therapy. Splints showed superior results to electrophysical modalities. The clinical significance of the results was assessed by effect size estimation and comparison with the minimum clinically important difference (MCID).ConclusionsWe found favourable results in pain relief, improvement of symptoms, functional status, and neurophysiological parameters for some electrophysical modalities, mainly when applied with a splint. Our results coincide with those obtained in some meta-analyses. However, none of these can be considered clinically significant.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42020168792;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=168792.