bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Morphology and Kinematics of a Lyα-selected Nebula at z = 3.15 with MUSE
Authors: Sanderson Kelly N. , Prescott Moire K. M. , Christensen Lise , Fynbo Johan , Møller Palle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent wide-field integral-field spectroscopy has revealed the detailed properties of high-redshift Lyα nebulae, most often targeted due to the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Here, we use VLT/MUSE to resolve the morphology and kinematics of a nebula initially identified due to strong Lyα emission at z ∼ 3.2 (LABn06). Our observations reveal a two-lobed Lyα nebula, at least ∼173 pkpc in diameter, with a light-weighted centroid near a mid-infrared source (within ≈17.2 pkpc) that appears to host an obscured AGN. The Lyα emission near the AGN is also coincident in velocity with the kinematic center of the nebula, suggesting that the nebula is both morphologically and kinematically centered on the AGN. Compared to AGN-selected Lyα nebulae, the surface-brightness profile of this nebula follows a typical exponential profile at large radii (>25 pkpc), although at small radii, the profile shows an unusual dip at the location of the AGN. The kinematics and asymmetry are similar to, and the C iv and He ii upper limits are consistent with, other AGN-powered Lyα nebulae. Double-peaked and asymmetric line profiles suggest that Lyα resonant scattering may be important in this nebula. These results support the picture of the AGN being responsible for powering a Lyα nebula that is oriented roughly in the plane of the sky. Further observations will explore whether the central surface-brightness depression is indicative of either an unusual gas or dust distribution or variation in the ionizing output of the AGN over time.
Weak-lensing Mass Reconstruction of Galaxy Clusters with a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hong 홍 Sungwook E. 성욱 , Park Sangnam , Jee M. James , Bak Dongsu , Cha Sangjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We introduce a novel method for reconstructing the projected matter distributions of galaxy clusters with weak-lensing (WL) data based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Training data sets are generated with ray-tracing through cosmological simulations. We control the noise level of the galaxy shear catalog such that it mimics the typical properties of the existing ground-based WL observations of galaxy clusters. We find that the mass reconstruction by our multilayered CNN with the architecture of alternating convolution and trans-convolution filters significantly outperforms the traditional reconstruction methods. The CNN method provides better pixel-to-pixel correlations with the truth, restores more accurate positions of the mass peaks, and more efficiently suppresses artifacts near the field edges. In addition, the CNN mass reconstruction lifts the mass-sheet degeneracy when applied to our projected cluster mass estimation from sufficiently large fields. This implies that this CNN algorithm can be used to measure the cluster masses in a model-independent way for future wide-field WL surveys.
SALT3: An Improved Type Ia Supernova Model for Measuring Cosmic Distances
Authors: Kenworthy W. D. , Jones D. O. , Dai M. , Kessler R. , Scolnic D. , Brout D. , Siebert M. R. , Pierel J. D. R. , Dettman K. G. , Dimitriadis G. , Foley R. J. , Jha S. W. , Pan Y.-C. , Riess A. , Rodney S. , Rojas-Bravo C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A spectral-energy distribution (SED) model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a critical tool for measuring precise and accurate distances across a large redshift range and constraining cosmological parameters. We present an improved model framework, SALT3, which has several advantages over current models—including the leading SALT2 model (SALT2.4). While SALT3 has a similar philosophy, it differs from SALT2 by having improved estimation of uncertainties, better separation of color and light-curve stretch, and a publicly available training code. We present the application of our training method on a cross-calibrated compilation of 1083 SNe with 1207 spectra. Our compilation is 2.5× larger than the SALT2 training sample and has greatly reduced calibration uncertainties. The resulting trained SALT3.K21 model has an extended wavelength range 2000–11,000 Å (1800 Å redder) and reduced uncertainties compared to SALT2, enabling accurate use of low-z I and iz photometric bands. Including these previously discarded bands, SALT3.K21 reduces the Hubble scatter of the low-z Foundation and CfA3 samples by 15% and 10%, respectively. To check for potential systematic uncertainties, we compare distances of low (0.01 < z < 0.2) and high (0.4 < z < 0.6) redshift SNe in the training compilation, finding an insignificant 3 ± 14 mmag shift between SALT2.4 and SALT3.K21. While the SALT3.K21 model was trained on optical data, our method can be used to build a model for rest-frame NIR samples from the Roman Space Telescope. Our open-source training code, public training data, model, and documentation are available at https://saltshaker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/, and the model is integrated into the sncosmo and SNANA software packages.
Hadron-quark Pasta Phase in Massive Neutron Stars
Authors: Ju Min , Hu Jinniu , Shen Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The structured hadron-quark mixed phase, known as the pasta phase, is expected to appear in the core of massive neutron stars. Motivated by the recent advances in astrophysical observations, we explore the possibility of the appearance of quarks inside neutron stars and check its compatibility with current constraints. We investigate the properties of the hadron-quark pasta phases and their influences on the equation of state (EOS) for neutron stars. In this work, we extend the energy minimization (EM) method to describe the hadron-quark pasta phase, where the surface and Coulomb contributions are included in the minimization procedure. By allowing different electron densities in the hadronic and quark matter phases, the total electron chemical potential with the electric potential remains constant, and local β equilibrium is achieved inside the Wigner–Seitz cell. The mixed phase described in the EM method shows the features lying between the Gibbs and Maxwell constructions, which is helpful for understanding the transition from the Gibbs construction to the Maxwell construction with increasing surface tension. We employ the relativistic mean-field model to describe the hadronic matter, while the quark matter is described by the MIT bag model with vector interactions. It is found that the vector interactions among quarks can significantly stiffen the EOS at high densities and help enhance the maximum mass of neutron stars. Other parameters like the bag constant can also affect the deconfinement phase transition in neutron stars. Our results show that hadron-quark pasta phases may appear in the core of massive neutron stars that can be compatible with current observational constraints.
Examining Flux Tube Interactions as a Cause of Sub-alfvénic Outflow
Authors: Unverferth John , Longcope Dana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In accepted models, magnetic tension drives reconnected magnetic flux away from the reconnection site at the local Alfvén speed. Numerous observational signatures of these outflows have been identified in solar flares, notable among them being supra-arcade downflows (SADs), almost none move at the Alfvén speed as predicted by models. Well-studied examples of SADs or SAD loops found in the flare of 2017 September 10 (SOL2017-09-10T15:35:00) move at a quarter or less of the expected Alfvén speed. Among those reasons posited to explain such discrepancies is the possibility that reconnected flux experiences a drag force during its outflow. Drag has not been included in previous reconnection models. Here, we develop the first such model in order to test the possibility that drag can explain sub-alfveńic reconnection outflows. Our model uses thin flux tube dynamics, previously shown to match features of flare observations other than outflow speed, including for the 2017 September 10 flare. We supplement the dynamics with a drag force representing the tube’s interaction with surrounding plasma through the formation of a wake. The wake’s width appears as a parameter in the force. We perform simulations, varying the drag parameter and synthesizing EUV observations, to test whether a drag force can produce a reasonable fit to observed features of the September 10 flare. We find that that slower retraction increases the brightness of emission and lowers the temperature of the synthetic plasma sheet. With proper choice of parameters the drag enables the simulation to agree reasonably with the observations.
The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. II. Cholla: A Grid of Cloud-free, Solar Metallicity Models in Chemical Disequilibrium for the JWST Era
Authors: Karalidi Theodora , Marley Mark , Fortney Jonathan J. , Morley Caroline , Saumon Didier , Lupu Roxana , Visscher Channon , Freedman Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres commonly show signs of disequilibrium chemistry. In the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) era, high-resolution spectra of directly imaged exoplanets will allow the characterization of their atmospheres in more detail, and allow systematic tests for the presence of chemical species that deviate from thermochemical equilibrium in these atmospheres. Constraining the presence of disequilibrium chemistry in these atmospheres as a function of parameters such as their effective temperature and surface gravity will allow us to place better constraints on the physics governing these atmospheres. This paper is part of a series of works presenting the Sonora grid of atmosphere models. In this paper, we present a grid of cloud-free, solar metallicity atmospheres for brown dwarfs and wide-separation giant planets with key molecular species such as CH4, H2O, CO, and NH3 in disequilibrium. Our grid covers atmospheres with T
eff ∈ [500 K, 1300 K], log g ∈ [3.0, 5.5] (cgs) and an eddy diffusion parameter of

log

K

zz

=

2
,
4

and 7 (cgs). We study the effect of different parameters within the grid on the temperature and composition profiles of our atmospheres. We discuss their effect on the near-infrared colors of our model atmospheres and the detectability of CH4, H2O, CO, and NH3 using the JWST. We compare our models against existing MKO and Spitzer observations of brown dwarfs and verify the importance of disequilibrium chemistry for T dwarf atmospheres. Finally, we discuss how our models can help constrain the vertical structure and chemical composition of these atmospheres.
Angular Momentum and Morphological Sequence of Massive Galaxies through Dark Sage
Authors: Porras-Valverde Antonio J. , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly , Berlind Andreas A. , Stevens Adam R. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the present-day connection between galaxy morphology and angular momentum using the Dark Sage semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. For a given stellar mass in the range 1010–1012
M
⊙, the model predicts that galaxies with more prominent disks exhibit higher stellar disk specific angular momentum (j
stellar,disk). However, when we include the gas in the disk, bulge-dominated galaxies have the highest total disk specific angular momentum (j
total,disk). We attribute this to a large contribution from an extended disk of cold gas in typical bulge-dominated galaxies. Note that while the specific angular momenta (j = J/M) of these disks are large, their masses (M) are negligible. Thus, the contribution of these disks to the total angular momentum of the galaxy is small. We also find the relationship between the specific angular momentum of the dark matter (j
dark matter) and morphology to be counterintuitive. Surprisingly, in this stellar mass range, not only do bulge-dominated galaxies tend to live in halos with higher j
dark matter than disk-dominated galaxies, but intermediate galaxies (those with roughly equal fractions of bulge and disk mass) have the lowest j
dark matter of all. Yet, when controlling for halo mass, rather than stellar mass, the relationship between j
dark matter and morphology vanishes. Based on these results, we find that halo mass—rather than angular momentum—is the main driver of the predicted morphology sequence in this high mass range. In fact, in our stellar mass range, disk-dominated galaxies live in dark matter halos that are roughly one-fifth the mass of their bulge-dominated counterparts.
Le placement familial : une institution contenante
Authors: Houzel Didier 
Published: December 2021

Le placement d’un enfant en famille d’accueil doit se concevoir comme un acte complexe tenant compte de la souffrance de l’enfant, de la nature de ses troubles et des problèmes rencontrés par ses parents. Il ne peut se réduire à une solution de substitution ou d’attente, mais doit avoir l’ambition de promouvoir des changements dans le contexte de vie de l’enfant et dans son monde interne marqué par les traumatismes qu’il a subis et favoriser un processus dont la composante psychique répond à la fonction contenante décrite par le psychanalyste Wilfred Bion, qui s’exerce par un travail d’élaboration des messages conscients et inconscients émis par l’enfant. L’auteur, psychanalyste et pédopsychiatre, détaille les composantes de la fonction contenante : sa composante de réceptivité psychique, qui permet d’être à l’écoute de la souffrance de l’enfant, et sa composante de transformation en quête de sens de ce qui a été reçu. Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent cette fonction contenante .
Le conflit invisible des identités dans les communautés résidentielles en Chine
Authors: Wang Yun , Cheng Wei Jin , Ye Dan 
Published: December 2021

Il y a un conflit invisible d’identités entre propriétaires et locataires en Chine. En complément de la recherche positiviste, une sociologie à la fois empirique et compréhensive inspirée par Gilbert Durand permet d’interpréter ce fait comme un processus de construction sociale. L’ordre totalitaire imposant une vie normative en Chine a produit un double paradoxe : en se divisant en deux groupes, les habitants agissent selon une même logique sociale problématique. C’est donc un stigmate invisible, ou alors la base sociétale du stigmate, qui constitue l’arrière-plan de ce conflit invisible des identités. C’est en référence à la capacité imaginaire que l’on peut évoquer la forme nocturne de l’imaginaire comme issue à ce problème.
Art and Experience
Authors: Manfreda Luigi A. 
Published: December 2021

Notre réflexion a pour but d’analyser certains aspects de l’art du XX e siècle à partir des transformations que l’expérience du monde a éprouvées pendant l’époque contemporaine. Comme l’ont bien illustré dans leurs œuvres Simmel et Benjamin, l’idée même d’expérience a subi une crise profonde, conjointement à la crise du quotidien que l’Occident a connue en raison du progrès technologique. L’art du XX e siècle tente de répondre à cette crise en se tournant d’une part vers la recherche de l’ immédiat , d’autre part vers une réappropriation, à travers un travail artistique conscient, du faire au sens propre du terme.
Subjects Who Cannot Be Consoled: The Discarded Opening of Albert Angelo and the Queer Afterlife of “BS” Johnson in We Are Made of Diamond Stuff by Isabel Waidner
Authors: Clarke Chris 
Published: December 2021

In the discarded opening section of Albert Angelo (1964), recovered by Jonathan Coe in his biography of B. S. Johnson, the narrator laments how “God had made another ballsup”: the protagonist’s “other half” is “almost a man instead of wholly a woman”. This essay reads Johnson’s abandoned representation of same-sex desire through the “tradition of queer backwardness” traced by Heather Love in Feeling Backward: Loss and the Politics of Queer History (2007). I argue that the abandoned fragment’s representation of “an unspeakable, inexplicable knowing” between two characters evokes the “backward feelings” which Love proposes are tied to “the historical ‘impossibility’ of same-sex desire” (Love 2007). In doing so, I show how Johnson’s literary afterlife lies in orientating readers to modernity’s denigrated “others”, such as sexual deviants marginalized for refusing to take what Johnson calls the “normal way”. Where the backward feelings in Johnson’s experimental novel illuminate his work’s resistance to various conditions of modern subjecthood, they can equally help us understand the resonance between his work and recent innovative fiction, which also contests punitive forms of social normalization. Isabel Waidner’s “critically British novel”, We Are Made of Diamond Stuff (2019), for example, reanimates Johnson’s perverse character “House Mother Normal” to propel its critique of the inequities of class, queerness, and national identity. We can appreciate what remains most subversive about Johnson’s experimental novels by charting how their backwardness reverberates with the concerns of queer experimental literature in the present.
Chemical Fertilizer Imports and the Environment: Evidence-based Approach for a Green Economy Accounting for the Tradeoff
Authors: Wijesinghe A. 
Published: December 2021

The direct and indirect impact of high-input use agriculture- popularised by the Green Revolution- on the environment is the major thrust of this perspective. The paper discusses an integrated approach to minimise the negative impacts, accounting for the proposed ban of synthetic fertilizers and the tradeoff between the environment and productivity resulting from such a ban. Noteworthy stylised facts of the discussion are threefold. First, the Green Revolution reduced the growth of extensive expansion of agricultural lands via intensification, which subdued the pressure on forest cover. Additionally, productivity increase releases marginal lands for vital ecological services such as pollinator habitats. Second, synthetic fertilizer resulted in higher productivity in the agriculture sector, increasing the GDP and facilitating structural transformation. Given that a quarter of the workforce is in the agriculture sector, gradual movement of the labor force to the industrial sector is vital, while the agriculture sector workforce become self-reliant in facing environmental and climatic events. Thus, continuous investment in agricultural productivity growth should be a priority to create fiscal space for the investments in meaningful green initiatives and reduce the vulnerability of the rural poor. Third, evidence-based solutions such as site-specific fertilizer recommendations, soil testing, and discouraging overuse of nitrogenous fertilizer through tariffs should be practised to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of synthetic fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Complete removal of the subsidy may generate overreaching welfare and environmental ramifications, although it is widely suggested.
Fibrinogenolytic activity of protease from the culture fluid of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>
Authors: Stohnii Yevhenii M. , Sakovich Valeriia V. , Chernyshenko Volodymyr O. , Chernishov Volodymyr I. , Chernyshenko Tamara M. , Kolesnikova Iryna , Kucheriavyi Yevhenii P. , Zhernossekov Dmitrii D. 
Published: December 2021

The use of proteases makes it possible to obtain partially hydrolyzed forms of macromolecules with unique properties. The importance of proteases for studying the structure and functions of fibrinogen forces scientists to search for new sources of highly specific proteases. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture fluid in search of fibrinogen- specific proteases. P. ostreatus was cultured for 14 days at 27°C. The culture fluid was collected and the protein fraction was salted out with NaCl and then dialyzed. Fibrinogen hydrolysis products by P. ostreatus protease were characterized using SDS PAGE under reducing conditions followed by immunoprobing using murine monoclonal antibodies I-5A (anti-Aα505-610) and 2d2a (anti-Bβ26-42). The study of turbidity and platelet aggregation was performed using a Multiskan FC spectrophotometric microplate reader and a SOLAR-2110 aggregometer, respectively. Electron microscopy of fibrils formed by truncated compared with native fibrins was performed using a transmission electron microscope N-600.
Analysis of the products of fibrinogen hydrolysis with a fungal protease using SDS-PAGE demonstrated the cleavage of the alpha chain of fibrinogen exclusively with the formation of a truncated form of fibrinogen in which there are no C-terminal portions of αC regions with a molecular weight of 25 kDa. A study of turbidity showed that the polymerization of truncated fibrin is significantly impaired. The rate of lateral association of protofibrils significantly decreased from 1.5 to 2.2 times in the case of truncated fibrinogen compared to the native one depending on the initial concentration of fibrinogen. It was shown that platelet aggregation in the presence of fibrinogen without 25 kDa fragments of αC regions was less effective than in the presence of native fibrinogen. Application of the preparation of the fungal protease allows us to obtain high molecular forms of the fibrinogen molecule with cleaved 25 kDa peptides, which provide new information on the role of these peptides in the fibrinogen functioning.
A Questionnaire-based Survey of Clinical Neuro-oncological Practice in India
Authors: Madhugiri Venkatesh S , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Nagella Amrutha Bindu , Singh Vikram , Shetty Prakash 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Neuro-oncology is a relatively young subspecialty of neurosurgery. 2018 was the 10th year since the founding of the Indian Society of Neuro-oncology.

Objective:
To assess patterns in neuro-oncology practice in India.

Methods:
This was an online survey covering various domains of neuro-oncology such as demographics and practice setting, protocols for the medical management of patients with brain tumors, protocols for surgery and the perioperative period (including antibiotic prophylaxis, dural closure techniques, etc.), technological adjuncts used for brain/spine tumors (including intraoperative neurologic monitoring-IONM), and management protocols for certain specific clinical scenarios.

Results:
The response rate was 13%. Although 37% of the respondents' institutions could be considered as having reasonable surgical volumes (>1 procedure/day), only about half of these had high volumes of malignant brain tumor surgery. A wide variation was seen in medical management, perioperative protocols, use of adjuncts and intraoperative technologies, and paradigms for specific clinical scenarios.

Conclusions:
There is a need to standardize the protocols in neuro-oncology. This could be achieved by strengthening the formal training process in surgical neuro-oncology.
Microsurgical Embolectomy in the Current Era of Pharmacological and Mechanical (Endovascular) Thrombolysis—A Reappraisal
Authors: Rajeev Sharma , Katsumi Takizawa 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Microsurgical embolectomy though is the oldest known recanalization technique is being dismissed in favor of the latest mechanical endovascular techniques for the management of acute large vessel occlusion.

Aim and Objective:
We aim to highlight the role of microsurgical embolectomy in the current era of pharmacological and mechanical (endovascular) thrombolysis.

Methods:
An outline of the microsurgical embolectomy technique is described along with its current indications, advantages, and disadvantages.

Results:
It carries higher complete (TICI 3) revascularization rates with lower risk of distal embolic events especially in cases with high clot burdens; but is more labor-intensive and has longer reperfusion time in comparison to endovascular methods along with the requirement of highly skilled neurovascular surgeons to perform it quickly.

Conclusion:
Microsurgical embolectomy is an important indispensable recanalization technique in the armamentarium of vascular neurosurgeons.