bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rates of dementia among older adult recipients of two, one, or no vaccinations
Authors: Wiemken Timothy L. , Salas Joanne , Morley John E. , Hoft Daniel F. , Jacobs Christine , Scherrer Jeffrey F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple types of vaccinations are associated with lower risk for dementia, but it is not known if receiving more than one vaccination type is associated with a greater decrease in incident dementia as compared with receiving only one type. We determined if dementia risk is lowest in patients who receive both herpes zoster (HZ) and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations as compared with receipt of only one or the other type of vaccination.MethodsPrimary analysis in a Veterans Health Administration (VA) cohort was replicated in private sector medical claims data. Eligible patients were ≥65 years of age and free of dementia for 2 years prior to baseline (VHA n = 80,070; MarketScan n = 129,200). At index, patients either had both HZ and Tdap, only HZ, only Tdap, or neither vaccination. Confounding was controlled with generalized boosted propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Competing risk (VHA) and Cox proportional hazard (MarketScan) models estimated the association between vaccination status and incident dementia.ResultsVHA patients' mean age was 76.8 ± 7.6 years, 4.4% were female and 90.9% were White, and MarketScan patients' mean age was 70.5 ± 5.9 and 65.4% were female. In both cohorts, having both HZ and Tdap vaccinations compared with no vaccination was significantly associated with lower dementia risk (VHA HR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.43–0.59; MarketScan HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38–0.89). In both cohorts, compared with neither vaccination, patients with only one or the other vaccination types had a significantly lower risk for dementia. Incident dementia was lower in patients with both vaccinations versus only one vaccination type.Conclusions and RelevanceReceiving two types of vaccinations versus one type was associated with lower dementia risk. Vaccinations may have non‐specific associations with incident dementia. Low cost and accessible, common adult vaccinations may be an overlooked intervention for reducing dementia risk.
Impacts of electric vehicles on the European high and extra high voltage power grid
Authors: Slednev Viktor , Jochem Patrick , Fichtner Wolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of electric vehicles on the electricity grid has been focused on by the literature in many facets, comprising considerations of the electricity system of a single household up to the highest voltage grid level. But each of these analyses is focusing on a single grid level. While the impact on the local level depends strongly on the specific environment and is consequently diverse, there is strong evidence that the impact on the highest grid level is non‐critical. So far, there is no study considering several voltage levels together. Consequently, we analyzed here for the first time all voltage levels between 60 and 380 kV together for the European transmission grid and included, besides the load flexibilities from home charging, also the load from fast charging stations for the year 2050 with a completely replaced car fleet by electric vehicles. While the impact on the security of supply is rather marginal, with a slight increase of load shedding on some distribution grid nodes, the impact on nodal prices and greenhouse gas emission is—with up to 9%—more severe. When applying the model on the highest grid level alone, our results show significantly smaller impacts. These results endorse our comprehensive approach, which considers several grid levels and their comprehensive interactions—an isolated consideration of grid levels seems inappropriate for our research questions.
Claws and toepads in mainland and island Anolis (Squamata: Dactyloidae): Different adaptive radiations with intersectional morphospatial zones
Authors: Cortés‐Parra Camilo , Calderón‐Espinosa Martha L. , Jerez Adriana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnolis lizards have evolved morphologies in response to different selective factors related to microhabitat use. Morphological diversity exhibits evolutionary patterns that reveal similarities and unique regional traits among the mainland and island environments and among Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles islands. In the Greater Antilles and mainland environments anole species are classified into morphological/ecological groups, that are known as morphotypes (mainland) or ecomorphs (Greater Antilles). Morphotypes are defined only with morphological information; in contrast, for ecomorph assignment both morphology and ethology are required. For mainland species distributed in northwestern South America 10 morphotypes were proposed to include the morphological diversity of 59 species. We obtained data from body size, limbs length, tail length, and the number of lamellae for an additional ten species occurring in the same region and assigned them into morphotypes. We also collected data of the claw and toepad diversity of mainland and island Anolis from northwestern South America and compared it to the claw and toepads morphology recorded for the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles islands, under a phylogenetic framework. We found new island morphotypes (MT11–MT13) of Anolis from northwestern South America. When comparing claws and toepads morphology among the 13 morphotypes we found that morphological variation of these traits partially corresponds to morphotype groups. For instance, habitat specialist species like Anolis heterodermus, classified in morphotype 4 (MT4), have a characteristic design of broad toepad and reduced claws, and non‐unique design of toepads and claws occurs in morphotypes MT1, MT2, MT5, MT10, and MT13. We also compared claws and toepads of fore and hindlimbs within the same individual, and found that even if limbs show differences in claws and toepads, suggesting that they perform differential biomechanical function, the degree of within individual variation is specific and not related to morphotype assignment. Our data supported the convergent and unique regional evolution among mainland and island anoles, and revealed aspects of correlative evolution of functional traits of claws and toepads that probably are related to minor differences in microhabitat use among mainland and island species, as suggested by previously published literature. Lastly, the evolutionary pattern of morphological diversity of claws and toepads of Anolis in the mainland and island environment supports both unique regional traits and common selective and historical factors that have molded Anolis morphological diversity.
Kurtosis, a new variable with possible diagnostic value in analysis of jaw muscle surface EMG
Authors: Dong Yan , Li Boxiu , Hu Jianlai , Widmalm Sven E , Zhang Tongsheng , Lin Min , Buvarp Anders , Zhou Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for methods to compare differences of voltage levels and distribution anomalies in the study of skeletal muscle function. Calculating the kurtosis values has been found to be of value.AimThe aim was to record and analyse voltage and kurtosis levels of SEMG recorded bilaterally in the masseter and anterior temporalis areas during rest and clenching and to compare the kurtosis levels between controls and patients with TMJ disc dysfunction.Material and methodsTwenty‐three healthy subjects and 21 patients with TMJ disc dysfunction were taken part in this study. Recordings were made with the BioPAK EMG System. Gain was adjusted to record the data within the range of ±2000 µV. SEMG was recorded in four facial areas, the right masseter, left masseter, right anterior temporalis, and left anterior temporalis areas. Kurtosis levels of SEMG, at clenching with maximal force, and mandibular rest, were compared between the control and patient groups.ResultsThe kurtosis levels of clenches were significantly higher in patients in all four areas with sensitivity, 38.1% to 61.9%, and specificity, 82.6% to 100.0%. No differences were found in kurtosis levels during mandibular rest.ConclusionThe results support that kurtosis values of SEMG recorded during clenching have a potential diagnostic interest.
Economic development with deadly communicable diseases and public prevention
Authors: Gori Luca , Mammana Cristiana , Manfredi Piero , Michetti Elisabetta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases have been a major determinant of human mortality in history and the key regulator of population size, including the first epoch of the Industrial Revolution (until the 1950s) in Western countries and still now in developing countries, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa. In recent times, a new vein of economic research dealing with the interplay between communicable diseases and economic development has grown. However, pioneering previous research has analysed this issue in a framework where prevention decisions were the outcome of private individual rational choices. This assumption neither seems to hold for least‐developed countries, primarily due to a lack of resources, nor for developed countries, where prevention policies are mostly planned by the public authority through its (public) health system, as also well documented by the current COVID‐19 crisis. Our aim in this article is twofold. First, we pinpoint the properties of Chakraborty et al.'s (2010, 2016) basic epidemiological equation to fully enlighten its usability in economic‐epidemiology modelling. Second, we apply this framework to analyse prevention activities against a range of infectious diseases by endogenous public (rather than private) health expenditures. Our results identify the relationships governing the interplay between—on the one hand—typical epidemiological phenomena, namely invasion (i.e., the tendency of infection to establish in a population) versus endemicity (i.e., the tendency of infection to persist in the long term) and—on the other hand—economic variables, such as capital accumulation, GDP, and taxation. This is done by identifying threshold quantities, depending on both epidemiological and economic parameters, and by bifurcation analysis showing the effects that public intervention can have on previously uncontrolled infectious diseases. Both direct and indirect, that is, partial and general equilibrium, effects of control interventions are identified.
Crisis in the Shiite Crescent: Ascendency of Secularism?
Authors: Roomi Farshad , Kazemi Ehsan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the member states of the Shiite Crescent—Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon—have recently gained partial success in regional competition, they face a governance crisis due to the growing public dissatisfaction in each country. This has undermined their achievements and made them the field of conflict between the proponents of secular and political Islam. However, consequential to the revived Shiite identity and the reinvigorated incentive to shape the politics of the Middle East after the Shiite rise to power in Iraq, the Iran‐led alliance has concerned Arab states wary of changes taking place in the traditional regional order. The result has been an upsurge of distrust and a clash between Shiite fundamentalists and the conservative Arab states.
EPEC‐induced activation of the Ca2+ transporter TRPV2 leads to pyroptotic cell death
Authors: Zhong Qiyun , Chatterjee Sharanya , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Frankel Gad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) type III secretion system effector Tir, which mediates intimate bacterial attachment to epithelial cells, also triggers Ca2+ influx followed by LPS entry and caspase‐4‐dependent pyroptosis, which could be antagonized by the effector NleF. Here we reveal the mechanism by which EPEC induces Ca2+ influx. We show that in the intestinal epithelial cell line SNU‐C5, Tir activates the mechano/osmosensitive cation channel TRPV2 which triggers extracellular Ca2+ influx. Tir‐induced Ca2+ influx could be blocked by siRNA silencing of TRPV2, pre‐treatment with the TRPV2 inhibitor SET2 or by growing cells in low osmolality medium. Pharmacological activation of TRPV2 in the absence of Tir failed to initiate caspase‐4‐dependent cell death, confirming the necessity of Tir. Consistent with the model implicating activation on translocation of TRPV2 from the ER to plasma membrane, inhibition of protein trafficking by either brefeldin A or the effector NleA prevented TRPV2 activation and cell death. While infection with EPECΔnleA triggered pyroptotic cell death, this could be prevented by NleF. Taken together this study shows that while integration of Tir into the plasma membrane activates TRPV2, EPEC uses NleA to inhibit TRPV2 trafficking and NleF to inhibit caspase‐4 and pyroptosis.
Mucocutaneous mycoses in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Indonesia
Authors: Widaty Sandra , Oktarina Caroline , Suling Pieter Levinus , Niode Nurdjannah Jane , Miranda Eliza , Andriani Anni , Amin Safruddin , Yenny Satya Widya , Bramono Kusmarinah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo date, integrated care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) has improved. However, although the management of mucocutaneous mycosis cases has improved, disease progression might be different in immunocompromised patients, which leads to variable clinical manifestations.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of mucocutaneous mycosis cases in the PLHIV population and its associated factors in Indonesia.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 in four academic hospitals. Data were acquired from medical records with the inclusion of mucocutaneous mycosis patients with concurrent HIV infection. Analysis with the chi‐squared test was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.ResultsA total of 1,796 cases of mucocutaneous mycoses were identified in 1782 PLHIV. The most common types of infection were candidiasis (63%), followed by dermatophytosis (35.1%), and malasseziosis (1.9%), which were significantly higher in PLHIV with CD4 level <200 cells/mm3. The proportions of male gender (78.6% vs. 56.3%, p < .001), high level of education (48.0% vs. 64.1%, p < .001), office workers (73.8% vs. 64.1%, p < .001), combination of topical and systemic antifungal agents (59.1% vs. 48.5%, p = .006) and not receiving antiretroviral therapy (63.2% vs. 7.8%, p < .001) were significantly higher in PLHIV with a CD4 level <200 cells/mm3.ConclusionIn Indonesia, the most common fungal infection in PLHIV is candidiasis. This study also addressed the important matters regarding mucocutaneous mycoses in PLHIV. Education is an important measure to prevent the incidence of cutaneous mycoses in PLHIV, especially in high‐risk groups.
Endovascular revascularization for internal carotid artery dissection during stroke‐like episode in MELAS: A case report
Authors: Mitsutake Takafumi , Tsugawa Jun , Kimura Satoshi , Yamada Miho , Hanada Hayatsura , Morinaga Yusuke , Inoue Ritsuro , Hirata Yoko , Takemura Yusuke , Nii Kouhei , Tsuboi Yoshio , Higashi Toshio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 45‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital because of speech difficulties. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested subacute ischemic infarction in the left parietal to temporal area. Neurological examination on admission showed motor aphasia without any other deficits, and her symptoms gradually worsened with severe headaches. Nine days after admission, brain MRI revealed the development of an ischemic lesion, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed left internal carotid artery dissection. Emergency carotid stent placement was then performed on the stenotic lesion, which improved her severe headache. Based on her symptoms, she was diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) after revascularization therapy. This is the first case in which acute endovascular revascularization was performed for internal carotid artery dissection in MELAS.
Reimagining quarantine: Assuring hopefulness in nursing and healthcare
Authors: Arde Bernardo O. A. , Purisima Epifania M. R. , Ito Hirokazu , Locsin Rozzano C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article aimed to explore issues of concern related to quarantine, its social consequences and influences, challenging its effects on human behavioral expressions during social isolation. The advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic impacted human lives in multifarious ways, threatening the meaning of normalcy. Quarantine, lockdown, isolation, and other terms reflecting conditions limiting human freedoms have become synonymous in importance to safety, security, and survival. To understand human defiance in the face of maintaining limited mobility during the COVID‐19 pandemic, reimagining situations of “unfreedoms” is explained as thinking of changes to inspire and improve the meaning of living lives meaningfully. During the pandemic, issues regarding healthcare practices and social behaviors focused much attention on interactive challenges that enhance ways to mitigate the spread of contagious diseases. Illuminating these issues, discussing concerns and highlighting recommendations to engage in alternative approaches and practices, heightens the declaration of efficiency of quarantine outcomes and effectiveness. Implications are proposed with the hope that they may lead the way forward in exercising contemporary healthcare practices.
Discovery proteomics reveals potential protein signature associated with malignant phenotype acquisition in pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: de Lima‐Souza Reydson Alcides , Scarini João Figueira , Lavareze Luccas , Emerick Carolina , Crescencio Lívia Ramalho , Domingues Romênia Ramos , Paes Leme Adriana Franco , Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida , Bastos Débora Campanella , Machado Renato Assis , Tincani Alfio José , Del Negro André , Chone Carlos Takahiro , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Egal Erika Said Abu , Altemani Albina , Mariano Fernanda Viviane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the proteomic profile of salivary pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples and correlate them with the malignant transformation of the PA.Materials and methodsThirty samples (10 PA, 16 CXPA, and 4 residual PA) were microdissected and submitted to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The proteomic data and protein identification were analyzed through LC‐MS/MS spectra using the MaxQuant software.ResultsThe proteomic analysis identified and quantified a total of 240 proteins in which 135 were found in PA, residual PA, and CXPA. The shared proteins were divided into six subgroups, and the proteins that showed statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and fold‐change > or <2.5 in one subgroup to another subgroup were included. Seven proteins (Apolipoprotein A‐I—APOA1, haptoglobin—HP, protein of the synaptonemal complex 1—SYCP1, anion transport protein of band 3—SLC4A1, subunit μ1 of AP‐1 complex—AP1M1, beta subunit of hemoglobin—HBB, and dermcidin—DCD) were classified as potential protein signatures, being HP, AP1M1, and HBB with higher abundance for PA to residual PA, APOA1 with higher abundance for PA to CXPA, SLC4A1 with lower abundance in the PA to CXPA, SYCP1with lower abundance for residual PA to CXPA, and DCD with higher abundance in the CXPA with epithelial differentiation to myoepithelial differentiation.ConclusionsIn this work, we demonstrated the comparative proteomic profiling of PA, residual PA, and CXPA, and seven were proposed as protein signatures, some of which may be associated with the malignant phenotype acquisition.
Educational Attainment Affects the Early Rehabilitation of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Southwest China
Authors: Wang Hao‐yang , Wang Yong‐hui , Luo Ze‐yu , Wang Duan , Zhou Zong‐ke 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess if the educational level of patients in Southwestern China will affect the functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis retrospective study included a total of 334 patients (48 males, 286 females, with an average age of 68 years, range from 51 to 84 years) who had undergone primary unilateral TKA from March 2017 to April 2018. Patients were screened for enrollment and classified into four groups (illiterate group, the primary school group, high school group, and university group) according to their educational attainment. All patients were monitored for at least 2 years after TKA. The primary outcome was determined using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee (HSS) score at the time of follow‐up. The secondary outcomes were determined using the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, the satisfaction level, and complications of the surgery.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐four patients were divided into four groups based on their highest educational level: 83 patients in the illiteracy group, 84 in the primary school group, 91 in the high school group, and 76 in the university group. They were followed up for at least 2 years. For the primary outcome, patients with high school and university education had noteworthy better HSS scores on the surgical‐side knee than those in the primary school and illiterate groups (illiteracy group 86.71 ± 5.94 vs primary school group 85.36 ± 5.88 vs high school group 89.48 ± 3.66 vs university group 88.95 ± 3.55; P < 0.05). For secondary outcomes, the mental component summary (MCS) in the university group was significantly lower than the other three groups (P < 0.05). The results of WOMAC scores were consistent with the results of the HSS score: patients in the university group and the high school group had better results when compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the comparison of additional indicators and complications among the four groups, but more patients (12 peoples, 15.8%) in the university group were dissatisfied with knee function after TKA.ConclusionIn Southwest China, patients with high school education or above can achieve better joint function after TKA but do not get better postoperative satisfaction, which may be related to the patients' higher surgical expectations for social and mental needs.
The xylem of anisohydric Quercus alba L. is more vulnerable to embolism than isohydric codominants
Authors: Benson Michael C. , Miniat Chelcy F. , Oishi Andrew C. , Denham Sander O. , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Johnson Daniel M. , Missik Justine E. , Phillips Richard P. , Wood Jeffrey D. , Novick Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe coordination of plant leaf water potential (ΨL) regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism is fundamental for understanding the tradeoffs between carbon uptake and risk of hydraulic damage. There is a general consensus that trees with vulnerable xylem more conservatively regulate ΨL than plants with resistant xylem. We evaluated if this paradigm applied to three important eastern US temperate tree species, Quercus alba L., Acer saccharum Marsh. and Liriodendron tulipifera L., by synthesizing 1600 ΨL observations, 122 xylem embolism curves and xylem anatomical measurements across 10 forests spanning pronounced hydroclimatological gradients and ages. We found that, unexpectedly, the species with the most vulnerable xylem (Q. alba) regulated ΨL less strictly than the other species. This relationship was found across all sites, such that coordination among traits was largely unaffected by climate and stand age. Quercus species are perceived to be among the most drought tolerant temperate US forest species; however, our results suggest their relatively loose ΨL regulation in response to hydrologic stress occurs with a substantial hydraulic cost that may expose them to novel risks in a more drought‐prone future.