bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unnecessary ultrasonography as supplier‐induced demand in diagnosis of primary breast cancer in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Akbari Mohammad , Arani Abbas Assari , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Sahabi Bahram , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Noorian Sajad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSupplier‐induced demand (SID) refers to the concept that healthcare providers may deliver services that are not medically necessary to patients. An estimation of the extent to which this event has occurred can be insightful for policymaking and guiding health and insurance systems. This study aimed to investigate the extent of SID when performing a diagnostic ultrasonography for primary breast cancer patients and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in Iran.MethodsData were obtained using questionnaires from 334 patients referred to the Cancer Research Center. To identify the patients who were candidates for undergoing a necessary diagnostic US, we employed the international clinical guidelines with confirmation of our expert panelists. With their assistance, a comprehensive index was created to screen those ‘most probably affected by SID’.Results55.9% had undergone an unnecessary diagnostic ultrasonography, and thus were most probably affected by SID. A significant association between socioeconomic factors (education, occupation, and supplemental health insurance) and SID was confirmed (p value ≤ 0.001, 0.002, and 0.039, respectively).ConclusionThis study supports the SID hypothesis and the unnecessary demand for diagnostic ultrasonography in primary breast cancer. Also, our evidence indicates imposing excessive costs that can positively influence the policymakers' decision‐making in the healthcare systems.
The need to restore generative identity in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: Development and psychometric validation of the fertility reparation inventory
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Langher Viviana , Capri Oriana , Muzii Ludovico , Fedele Fabiola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study described the development and psychometric evaluation of the fertility reparation inventory, providing measures of manic and expiatory reparation as symbolic dynamics of restoring one's procreative and generative identity through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).MethodsTwo cross‐sectional studies were conducted on female patients undergoing ART (N = 150) and women from the general population (N = 250), respectively. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis assessed construct validity and reliability. Pearson's bivariate correlations were used to provide convergent evidence of validity with omnipotence, perceived infertility‐related stress, anxiety, depression, need for reparation, fear of punishment, and hope.ResultsThe results confirmed a two‐factor solution of the 12‐item instrument, with adequate fit, a very good internal consistency, and well‐supported forms of convergent validity.ConclusionThis study provides a meaningful psychodynamic contribution, in both theoretical and empirical terms, for the understanding of emotional dynamics and psychological issues underlying the demand for ART.
Do in‐kind donations promote cooperation among non‐governmental organisations? Lessons from the Greek refugee crisis
Authors: Boura Smaro , Vathis Orestis , Huliaras Asteris , Tzifakis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince 2015, Greece has experienced an unprecedented influx of asylum seekers. For several months, most humanitarian assistance provided to them by non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) heavily relied on in‐kind donations. Donations of tangible items frequently pose serious management challenges and may disturb relief distribution. Through empirical research based on a questionnaire survey and interviews, we find that NGOs have increasingly cooperated and coped well with these management issues. Despite the lack of formal coordination mechanisms, it seems that donation of goods acted as an incentive for cooperation. In contrast, in‐kind donations of services (volunteerism) did not seem to have the same effect.
Controversies on the relationship between increased body mass index and treatment‐resistant chronic constipation in children
Authors: Misra Sudipta , Liaw Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are conflicting reports on the association between children with increased body mass index (BMI), and constipation. This retrospective chart review of two groups of children from a primary care clinic was designed to address the controversy.MethodsGroup‐1: Charts of all children seen in a year for general pediatric care were reviewed for incidences of increased BMI (>85th percentile) and constipation as well as overweight recognition in the final diagnosis; Group‐2: Children diagnosed with constipation at the same primary care setting for 5 years were identified by ICD‐9 code. These charts were reviewed for prevalence of increased BMI and incidences of referral to subspecialty clinic.ResultsGroup‐1: Three hundred nineteen (33.4%) of the 955 children had increased BMI and 28 (2.93%) had constipation. The prevalence of constipation was not increased among children with increased BMI. Group‐2: 24 of the 66 children with constipation were referred to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic. children with increased BMI were three times more likely to be referred (n = 20, p = 0.04). The two groups had a similar prevalence of children with increased BMI (Group 1 = 33.4%; Group 2 = 30.3%).ConclusionIn the general pediatric population, children with an increased BMI were not at an increased risk of developing constipation. However, children with increased BMI and constipation were three times more likely to be referred, presumably for treatment failure, to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic .Hence children with increased BMI were more likely to develop treatment resistant constipation.
Core‐Shell Nanofibers of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid Containing TiO2 Nanotubes for Natural Sunlight Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Elgawady Yara , Nair Sabari S. , Hassan Mohammad K. , Al‐Maadeed Mariam Al Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHighly stable and efficient coaxial electrospun fibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes areaccomplished for natural sunlight‐driven photocatalytic dye degradation. The coaxial electrospinning process generates well‐defined concentric cylinder‐like morphology, with the polymeric core and sheath phases, with TiO2 present only in the outer phases. The nanofibers are characterized for their coaxial morphology and the distribution of TiO2 in the sample is monitored through EDAX studies. Coaxial electrospinning process influences the polymeric structural and functional performances, regulates the crystallization kinetics, and ensures the entanglement of TiO2 nanopowders without allowing them to leach out. Photodecomposition of Rhodamine B and methylene blue dye are observed by the UV–visible studies and ≈80% and ≈85% degradation is achieved respectively after 8 h. A higher efficiency of degradation is achieved for the TiO2 nanocomposites, due to the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 semiconductors, and also because of its presence in the sheath phase. The efficiency of dye degradation is correlated with the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the fibers and with the typical fiber morphology and spinning mechanism. While the dye molecules get trapped in the porous sites of composite fibers, the TiO2 radicals initiates the photocatalysis process. The current technology is promising in manipulating flexible, durable, and environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposite fibers for industrial wastewater purification.
Low Fouling Polysulfobetaines with Variable Hydrophobic Content
Authors: Schardt Lisa , Martínez Guajardo Alejandro , Koc Julian , Clarke Jessica L. , Finlay John A. , Clare Anthony S. , Gardner Harrison , Swain Geoffrey W. , Hunsucker Kelli , Laschewsky André , Rosenhahn Axel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmphiphilic polymer coatings combining hydrophilic elements, in particular zwitterionic groups, and hydrophobic elements comprise a promising strategy to decrease biofouling. However, the influence of the content of the hydrophobic component in zwitterionic coatings on the interfacial molecular reorganization dynamics and the anti‐fouling performance is not well understood. Therefore, coatings of amphiphilic copolymers of sulfobetaine methacrylate 3‐[N‐2'‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐N,N‐dimethyl]‐ammonio propane‐1‐sulfonate (SPE) are prepared which contain increasing amounts of hydrophobic n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA). Their fouling resistance is compared to that of their homopolymers PSPE and PBMA. The photo‐crosslinked coatings form hydrogel films with a hydrophilic surface. Fouling by the proteins fibrinogen and lysozyme as well as by the diatom Navicula perminuta and the green algae Ulva linza is assessed in laboratory assays. While biofouling is strongly reduced by all zwitterionic coatings, the best fouling resistance is obtained for the amphiphilic copolymers. Also in preliminary field tests, the anti‐fouling performance of the amphiphilic copolymer films is superior to that of both homopolymers. When the coatings are exposed to a marine environment, the reduced susceptibility to silt incorporation, in particular compared to the most hydrophilic polyzwitterion PSPE, likely contributes to the improved fouling resistance.
PBIS fidelity, school climate, and student discipline: A longitudinal study of secondary schools
Authors: Elrod Brandy G. , Rice Kenneth G. , Meyers Joel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCreating safe and supportive environments where students engage in prosocial behaviors is a priority and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) are used to achieve these goals. This study investigated relationships between PBIS fidelity, school climate, and office discipline referrals (ODRs). Participants were 204,701 students in 288 middle and high schools. Results indicated that additional years of PBIS implementation were related to greater fidelity, stronger school climate, and fewer ODRs. Findings also showed that students' perceptions of school climate in earlier years predicted fidelity and ODRs in later years. Further, ODRs reported during earlier years of PBIS implementation predicted fidelity and school climate in later years. Implications for research and practice are discussed, including considerations for how the whole‐school environment can affect PBIS implementation. Future research should investigate school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school) and school diversity as moderators of the relationship between PBIS fidelity, school climate, and behavioral outcomes. Researchers and policymakers should use multidimensional school climate scales rather than relying only on unidimensional measures. Finally, since school climate influenced fidelity, schools that create safe/supportive environments can maximize the effective implementation of complex strategies like PBIS.
Prostate cancer research in the 21st century; report from the 2021 Coffey‐Holden prostate cancer academy meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Zarif Jelani C. , Coombs Catherine C. , Flavell Robert R. , Russo Joshua W. , Zaidi Samir , Zhao Di , Zhao Shuang G. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe 2021 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, “Prostate Cancer Research in the 21st Century,” was held virtually, from June 24–25, 2021.MethodsThe CHPCA Meeting is organized by the Prostate Cancer Foundation as a unique discussion‐oriented meeting focusing on critical topics in prostate cancer research envisioned to bridge the next major advances in prostate cancer biology and treatment. The 2021 CHPCA Meeting was virtually attended by 89 investigators and included 31 talks over nine sessions.ResultsMajor topic areas discussed at the meeting included: cancer genomics and sequencing, functional genomic approaches to studying mediators of plasticity, emerging signaling pathways in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, Wnt signaling biology and the challenges of targeted therapy, clonal hematopoiesis, neuroendocrine cell plasticity and antitumor immunity, cancer immunotherapy and its synergizers, and imaging the tumor microenvironment and metabolism.DiscussionThis meeting report summarizes the research presented at the 2021 CHPCA Meeting. We hope that publication of this knowledge will accelerate new understandings and the development of new biomarkers and treatments for prostate cancer.
Beyond waterfalls and dams: Riverscape genetics of two endemic mountain loaches in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Sidharthan Arya , Dahanukar Neelesh , Sundar Remya Lathika , Ranjeet Kutty , Raghavan Rajeev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRiverscape genetics of fish, though extensively studied in temperate regions, have received limited interest in tropical rivers, especially in montane systems which not only harbour several endemic and threatened species, but are also subjected to extensive habitat modifications. We determine the population genetic structure of two endemic balitorid loaches (Bhavania australis and Travancoria elongata) in response to natural (25 m high waterfall) and artificial (23 m high and 290 m long hydropower dam) barriers in a small mountain riverscape in the Western Ghats Hotspot. Population genetics analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence showed low nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity and genetic differentiation among populations, for both species, suggesting that barriers did not influence genetic structuring. Though migration analysis also revealed that barriers did not affect movement of the two species through the riverscape, patterns in mutation‐scaled immigration rates and population sizes differed between the two species supporting our observation that they rarely co‐exist in the same habitat, likely as an effect of competitive exclusion. Mismatch distribution and Bayesian skyline plot suggested recent expansion in the populations of B. australis and corresponding population decline in T. elongata in the last 100 years, which probably explains the widespread and abundant distribution of B. australis as opposed to the narrow endemism and rarity of T. elongata. Our results provide novel insights into the ecology of balitorid loaches and their response to riverine barriers in a tropical mountain landscape.
Systems thinking epistemological underpinnings of practice among rehabilitation professionals: Case study of the major text of a French physiotherapy founder
Authors: Abboudi Cécile , Maignant Gilles , Choplin Arnaud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper has three objectives: first, to examine the historical foundations of the social representation of French physiotherapy; second, to explore the holistic dimension of physiotherapy care addressed by physiotherapists in our survey; third, to disseminate the research design in social science. A literary text by a founder of French physiotherapy was transcribed and examined by lexicometry. The analysis revealed the avant‐garde philosophy of care developed by Dolto in the 70s: a merged model of care and a unique evidence of systems thinking that distinguishes the empirical practice of professionals working according to a functional rehabilitation logic. We argue that the introduction of systems theory into the initial or continuing education of these practitioners could make its bio‐psycho‐social application more effective. This calls for further research on rehabilitation practices in other cultural contexts and provides a theoretical basis and argument for the development of lexicometry in the social sciences.
Neuroprotektive Therapien bei idiopathischen, genetischen und atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen mit α-Synuklein – Pathologie
Authors: Levin Johannes , Nübling Georg , Giese Armin , Janzen Annette , Oertel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungKernpunkt der Klassifikation neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen ist der histopathologische Nachweis von Ablagerungen bestimmter Proteine im Gehirn. Hierbei unterscheiden sich die verschiedenen Krankheitsentitäten sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der nachweisbaren Proteine als auch hinsichtlich der Konfiguration und Lokalisation der entsprechenden Proteinaggregate. Gemeinsames Kernmerkmal der als Synukleinopathien zusammengefassten Erkrankungen sind Ablagerungen des Proteins α‑Synuklein (ASYN). Die bekanntesten Erkrankungen dieses Spektrums sind die Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) mit neuronalem Nachweis von Lewy-Körperchen, die Demenz vom Lewy-Körper-Typ (DLK) mit zusätzlichem Nachweis von β‑Amyloid-Ablagerungen sowie die seltene Multisystematrophie (MSA) mit glialem Nachweis sog. Papp-Lantos-Körperchen. Da neben der diagnostischen mittlerweile auch die zentrale pathophysiologische Bedeutung des ASYN erwiesen ist, fokussiert sich die Entwicklung neuer Therapien aktuell auf die Beeinflussung der toxischen Wirkung dieses Proteins. Die verschiedenen Therapiekonzepte lassen sich grob in sechs Gruppen zusammenfassen: 1. die Verringerung der ASYN-Expression (Antisense-Therapie), 2. die Verhinderung der Bildung toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (Antiaggregativa, Chelatoren), 3. das Auflösen bzw. die Beseitigung intra- oder extrazellulärer toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (aktive und passive Immuntherapie, Antiaggregativa), 4. die Verstärkung zellulärer Abräummechanismen (Autophagie, lysosomale Mikrophagie) zur Beseitigung toxischer Formen von α‑Synuklein, 5. die Modulation neuroinflammatorischer Prozesse sowie 6. neuroprotektive Strategien. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen zusammen und geben einen Ausblick auf vielversprechende zukünftige Therapieansätze.
Rhodopsins build up the birefringent bodies of the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: Rhiel Erhard , Hoischen Christian , Westermann Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the birefringent bodies of the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrathin sectioning revealed that the bodies consist of highly ordered and densely packed lamellae, which show a regular striation along their longitudinal axis. A lattice distance of 6.1 nm was measured for the densely packed lamellae by FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) analysis. In addition, a rather faint and oblique running striation was registered. Lamellae sectioned rather oblique or almost close to the surface show a honeycombed structure with a periodicity of 7.2–7.8 nm. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lamellae are composed of highly ordered, crystalline arrays of particles. Here, FFT analysis resulted in lattice distances of 7.0–7.6 nm. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy further revealed that the bodies remained intact after cell rupture followed by ascending flotation of the membrane fractions on discontinuous sucrose gradients. The birefringent bodies most likely are formed by evaginations of membranes, which separate the cytoplasm from the food vacuoles. Distinct, slightly reddish-colored areas, which resembled the birefringent bodies with respect to size and morphology, were registered by bright field light microscopy within Oxyrrhis marina cells. An absorbance maximum at 540 nm was registered for these areas, indicating that they are composed of rhodopsins. This was finally proven by immuno-transmission electron microscopy, as antisera directed against the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the rhodopsins AEA49880 and ADY17806 intensely immunolabeled the birefringent bodies of Oxyrrhis marina.
Fracture analysis of fisheye failures in the tooth root fillet of high-strength gears made out of ultra-clean gear steels
Authors: Fuchs D. , Rommel S. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn shot-peened components, failures can be caused by a crack initiation below the surface at a non-metallic inclusion in the steel matrix. This fracture mechanism is called “fisheye failure”. In addition, this failure type can lead to a decreased endurance fatigue limit for the component. By preventing this crack mechanism, higher bending strength is expected to be achievable. Various research by universities and research institutes has taken place in this field using standard specimen and sometimes special alloy systems. However, in the tooth root of a gear, a complex multiaxial stress condition is present. Furthermore, the most commonly gears used in transmissions are made out of case-hardened wrought steels. Therefore, in the gear industry, there is only limited knowledge available about this failure type and the failure characteristics, so far. The first step to gain more knowledge requires extended and proper characterization of the crack area. Furthermore, in standardized gear calculation methods a consideration of a crack initiation below the surface at non-metallic inclusions is not possible, yet. Therefore, extended model approaches are still necessary. However, the reliability of such model approaches depends strongly on the quality of the input data, which can only be ensured by a proper fracture surface analysis. As a starting point, the aim of this paper is to characterize systematically the fracture area characteristics in the tooth root fillet of case-hardened, shot-peened gears in detail according to a presented approach to further extend a presented extended model approach in the medium term.
Dentate-nucleus gadolinium deposition on magnetic resonance imaging: ultrasonographic and clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Kühn Isabelle , Maschke Henning , Großmann Annette , Hauenstein Karlheinz , Weber Marc-André , Zettl Uwe K. , Storch Alexander , Walter Uwe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to find out whether gadolinium accumulation in the dentate nucleus (DN) after repeated gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is related to tissue alteration detectable on transcranial ultrasound.

Methods
In this case–control study, 34 patients (17 with, and 17 age-, sex-, MS severity-, and duration-matched participants without visually rated DN T1-hyperintensity) who had received 2–28 (mean, 11 ± 7) consecutive 1.5-Tesla MRI examinations with application of linear GBCA were included. Real-time MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging was applied, exactly superimposing the DN identified on MRI to calculate its corresponding echo-intensity on digitized ultrasound image analysis. In addition, cerebellar ataxia and cognitive performance were assessed. Correlation analyses were adjusted for age, MS duration, MS severity, and time between MRI scans.

Results
DN-to-pons T1-signal intensity-ratios (DPSIR) were larger in patients with visually rated DN T1-hyperintensity compared to those without (1.16 ± 0.10 vs 1.09 ± 0.06; p = 0.01). In the combined group, DPSIR correlated with the cumulative linear-GBCA dose (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), as did the DPSIR change on last versus first MRI (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Neither DPSIR nor globus pallidus internus-to-thalamus T1-signal intensity-ratios were related to echo-intensity of corresponding ROI’s. DPSIR correlated with the dysarthria (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but no other, subscore of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, and no other clinical score.

Conclusions
DN gadolinium accumulation is not associated with trace metal accumulation, calcification, or other tissue alteration detectable on ultrasound. A possible mild effect of DN gadolinium accumulation on cerebellar speech function in MS patients, suggested by present data, needs to be validated in larger study samples.