bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing community‐based tourism approaches for the sustainable development of destinations
Authors: Mtapuri Oliver , Camilleri Mark Anthony , Dłużewska Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis contribution suggests that community‐based tourism (CBT) can create commercial and social value to destinations, local businesses as well as to residents. At the same time, it clarifies that CBT offers rich, immersive cultural experiences that can enhance the tourists' experiences when visiting different communities. It posits that sustainable CBT approaches can improve the local economic development (LED) of communities by reducing economic leakages from the tourism industry. It explains that there is scope for destination managers and tourism businesses to engage in sustainable tourism practices and to utilize local resources, in a strategic manner, in order to maximize linkages in their economy. In conclusion, this paper puts forward a theoretical model that clearly illustrates the business case to implement sustainable CBT strategies. It also implies that these strategies can ultimately result in opportunities for economic growth of tourism businesses and may increase the competitiveness of destinations, while safeguarding the environment and addressing their carrying capacities.
A New Strategy for the Preparation of E Isomers of Hydrazones and Anil‐Like Compounds: Thermally Stimulated Isomerization of Z Isomers of Anions
Authors: Tisovský Pavol , Donovalová Jana , Sokolík Róbert , Horváth Miroslav , Gáplovský Anton 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new, simple method for the preparation of E‐isomers of hydrazones and anil‐like compounds from Z‐isomers of these compounds has been developed. In DMF, the Z‐isomers of these compounds in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) gave the corresponding N anions of the Z‐isomers, which are isomerized to the N anions of the E‐isomers even at room temperature. Upon addition of a protic solvent (H2O, or CH3OH) to this reaction mixture, the N anion of the E‐isomer was immediately quantitatively converted to the E‐isomer of the corresponding nonionic compound, which can be readily isolated by methods commonly used in the synthesis.
Elemental Sulfur‐Promoted Tandem One‐Pot Synthesis of Diverse 4H‐Pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles
Authors: Mathavan Sivagami , Yamajala Rajesh B. R. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn elemental sulfur promoted strategy for the synthesis of a series of diverse 4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles has been developed under metal and solvent‐free conditions. This methodology allows the facile and convenient synthesis of desired products in good to excellent yields. This process achieved broad substrate scope, inexpensive catalyst and mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of Phthalazinones with Amino or Hydrazide Moiety as Corrosion Inhibitors of Low Carbon Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4
Authors: Abdullah Rokaia Safwat , El Nemr Ahmed , El‐Sakka Sahar S. A. , El‐Hashash Maher A. , Soliman Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract[4‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐5 amino phenyl)‐1(2H)‐phthalazinone (APP), and [4‐(4‐mehoxy‐3‐methyl phenyl)‐1‐oxo‐1H‐phthalaz‐2‐yl]acetic acid hydrazide (PPH) were synthesized as a novel independently corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectroscopy were used to validate the structure of the two anticorrosion compounds. The corrosion rate was studied by electrochemical methods (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization) and gravimetric techniques, which clarify that the average corrosion inhibition efficiency of APP and PPH are 86 and 89 %, respectively. Impedance measurements showed that corrosion processes on the surface of LCS are controlled by a charge transfer mechanism. The PPH compound has a greater inhibitory effect on corrosion of low carbon steel. The quantum chemical calculations of APP and PPH were studied using AM1, PM3, and DFT/B3LYP/31G. Moreover, both APP and PPH acted as mixed type corrosion inhibitors. Adsorption of APP and PPH on low carbon steel (LCS) surface was physisorption and best fit to Langmuir isotherm.
Deciphering Mechanism of Assembly of Keratin within Nanofibrous Matrix: Expanding the Horizon of Electrospun Polymer/Protein Composites
Authors: Kadirvelu Kavitha , Fathima Nishter Nishad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKeratin is unique due to its high cysteine content. This renders it with exceptional structural stability in native form, whereas in extracted form it makes them highly reactive. Hence keratin possesses higher capacity to assemble without stimulus, thus necessitating the study. The choice of extraction was limited to sulphitolysis and β‐mercaptoethanol (M‐KH) based procedures, as these extracts exist in different structural levels evidenced through Circular Dichroic studies. Thermally induced irreversible structural transition of M‐KH from α‐helix to β‐sheet has resulted in lowering moisture loss peak of β‐mercaptoethanol extract based mat (PVA‐M‐T) to 80.4 °C compared to 120.6 °C of neat PVA fibers and 92 °C of sulphitloysis extract based mat. This signals presence of increased free water content in PVA‐M‐T after crosslinking. This helped PVA‐M‐T retain sufficient elongation at break values (∼31 %) without compromising its strength (∼8.5 MPa). Also PVA‐M‐T with increased β‐sheet content along with cell binding sequences (RGD, LDV and EDS) resulted in better protein‐protein recognition and association thus favouring increased bioactivity.
Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Triarylcyclohexanones from Dienones and 2‐Methylquinolines Based on a [5+1] Annulation
Authors: Chen Jiewen , Wen Kangmei , Wu Yinrong , Deng Jie , Chen Hongyue , Yao Xingang , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe reported here a cobalt‐catalyzed [5+1] annulation with 1,5‐diarylpenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones and 2‐methylquinolines. 3,4,5‐Triarylcyclohexanones were furnished in moderate to good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity under simple reaction conditions. Moreover, we preliminarily studied anticancer activities of the obtained products in vitro by MTT {3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assay.
Firm partisan positioning, polarization, and risk communication: Examining voluntary disclosures on COVID‐19
Authors: Benton Richard A. , Cobb J. Adam , Werner Timothy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic will rank among the greatest challenges many executives will have faced and not only due to the operational challenges it posed. Upon entering the U.S. context, the disease was immediately politically polarized, with clear partisan splits forming in risk perceptions of the disease unrelated to science. We exploit this context to examine whether firms' partisan positioning affects whether and how they communicate risk to their investors on a polarized public policy issue. To do so, we examine the covariation between firms' disclosure of COVID‐19 risks and the partisanship of their political giving. Our analysis of earnings call and campaign contribution data for the S&P 500 reveals a positive association between a firm's contributions to Democrats and its disclosure of COVID‐19 risks.Managerial SummaryFrom its onset in the United States, attitudes toward and discourse around the COVID‐19 pandemic was heavily politicized and perceptions of the disease's risks were seen as more serious by Democratic‐identifying individuals than Republican identifiers. In this study, we examine whether this pattern also holds for U.S. publicly traded firms, who can also stake out a political position through their corporate political action committee campaign contributions. In analyses of earnings call transcripts from the first quarter of 2020, we show that the more Republican‐leaning (Democrat‐leaning) a firm's campaign contributions are, the less (more) likely it was to voluntarily disclose risks related to COVID‐19. We argue that these findings hold implications for parties interested in interpreting firm's risk disclosures on politically polarized issues.
Starch Capped Atomically Thin CuS Nanocrystals for Efficient Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , Yu Ping , Cao Huili , Cheng Mengyu , Zhou Thomas , Lee Li E. , Ulstrup Jens , Zhang Jingdong , Engelbrekt Christian , Ma Lixin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy requires efficient plasmonic nanomaterials with small size, good water dispersibility, and biocompatibility. This work reports a one‐pot, 2‐min synthesis strategy for ultrathin CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with precisely tunable size and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), where a single‐starch‐layer coating leads to a high LSPR absorption at the near‐IR wavelength 980 nm. The CuS NC diameter increases from 4.7 (1 nm height along [101]) to 28.6 nm (4.9 nm height along [001]) accompanied by LSPR redshift from 978 to 1200 nm, as the precursor ratio decreases from 1 to 0.125. Photothermal temperature increases by 38.6 °C in 50 mg L−1 CuS NC solution under laser illumination (980 nm, 1.44 W cm−2). Notably, 98.4% of human prostate cancer PC‐3/Luc+ cells are killed by as little as 5 mg L−1 starch‐coated CuS NCs with 3‐min laser treatment, whereas CuS NCs without starch cause insignificant cell death. LSPR modeling discloses that the starch layer enhances the photothermal effect by significantly increasing the free carrier density and blue‐shifting the LSPR toward 980 nm. This study not only presents a new type of photothermally highly efficient ultrathin CuS NCs, but also offers in‐depth LSPR modeling investigations useful for other photothermal nanomaterial designs.
Synergistic Dual‐Atom Molecular Catalyst Derived from Low‐Temperature Pyrolyzed Heterobimetallic Macrocycle‐N4 Corrole Complex for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Samireddi Satyanarayana , Aishwarya V. , Shown Indrajit , Muthusamy Saravanakumar , Unni Sreekuttan M. , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Chen Li‐Chyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA heterobimetallic corrole complex, comprising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active non‐precious metals Co and Fe with a corrole‐N4 center (PhFCC), is successfully synthesized and used to prepare a dual‐atom molecular catalyst (DAMC) through subsequent low‐temperature pyrolysis. This low‐temperature pyrolyzed electrocatalyst exhibited impressive ORR performance, with onset potentials of 0.86 and 0.94 V, and half‐wave potentials of 0.75 and 0.85 V, under acidic and basic conditions, respectively. During potential cycling, this DAMC displayed half‐wave potential losses of only 25 and 5 mV under acidic and alkaline conditions after 3000 cycles, respectively, demonstrating its excellent stability. Single‐cell Nafion‐based proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance using this DAMC as the cathode catalyst showed a maximum power density of 225 mW cm−2, almost close to that of most metal–N4 macrocycle‐based catalysts. The present study showed that preservation of the defined CoN4 structure along with the cocatalytic Fe–Cx site synergistically acted as a dual ORR active center to boost overall ORR performance. The development of DAMC from a heterobimetallic CoN4‐macrocyclic system using low‐temperature pyrolysis is also advantageous for practical applications.
3D Printed Scaffolds for Monolithic Aerogel Photocatalysts with Complex Geometries
Authors: Schreck Murielle , Kleger Nicole , Matter Fabian , Kwon Junggou , Tervoort Elena , Masania Kunal , Studart André R. , Niederberger Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonolithic aerogels composed of crystalline nanoparticles enable photocatalysis in three dimensions, but they suffer from low mechanical stability and it is difficult to produce them with complex geometries. Here, an approach to control the geometry of the photocatalysts to optimize their photocatalytic performance by introducing carefully designed 3D printed polymeric scaffolds into the aerogel monoliths is reported. This allows to systematically study and improve fundamental parameters in gas phase photocatalysis, such as the gas flow through and the ultraviolet light penetration into the aerogel and to customize its geometric shape to a continuous gas flow reactor. Using photocatalytic methanol reforming as a model reaction, it is shown that the optimization of these parameters leads to an increase of the hydrogen production rate by a factor of three from 400 to 1200 µmol g−1 h−1. The rigid scaffolds also enhance the mechanical stability of the aerogels, lowering the number of rejects during synthesis and facilitating handling during operation. The combination of nanoparticle‐based aerogels with 3D printed polymeric scaffolds opens up new opportunities to tailor the geometry of the photocatalysts for the photocatalytic reaction and for the reactor to maximize overall performance without necessarily changing the material composition.
Using Ginkgo's memory accessor for improving the accuracy of memory‐bound low precision BLAS
Authors: Grützmacher Thomas , Anzt Hartwig , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe roofline model not only provides a powerful tool to relate an application's performance with the specific constraints imposed by the target hardware but also offers a graphic representation of the balance between memory access cost and compute throughput. In this work, we present a strategy to break up the tight coupling between the precision format used for arithmetic operations and the storage format employed for memory operations. (At a high level, this idea is equivalent to compressing/decompressing the data in registers before/after invoking store/load memory operations.) In practice, we demonstrate that a “memory accessor” that hides the data compression behind the memory access, can virtually push the bandwidth‐induced roofline, yielding higher performance for memory‐bound applications using high precision arithmetic that can handle the numerical effects associated with lossy compression. We also demonstrate that memory‐bound applications operating on low precision data can increase the accuracy by relying on the memory accessor to perform all arithmetic operations in high precision. In particular, we demonstrate that memory‐bound BLAS operations (including the sparse matrix‐vector product) can be re‐engineered with the memory accessor and that the resulting accessor‐enabled BLAS routines achieve lower rounding errors while delivering the same performance as the fast low precision BLAS.
Evaluating the semantic transparency of Guaraná: A domain‐specific language for enterprise application integration
Authors: Bocanegra Jose , Frantz Rafael Z. , Roos‐Frantz Fabricia , Basso Fabio P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGuaraná domain‐specific language is aimed to design enterprise application integration models. Although the language has been broadly used in the industry and academy, the design of its graphical notation was based in the common sense and social opinion of its developers rather than theoretical principles and empirical evidence. Thus, Guaraná becomes as an option for studying, modifying, and improving its concrete syntax. In this article we conducted an experiment with 85 participants in order to evaluate the semantic transparency of the concrete syntax of Guaraná. The study concludes that the language is not found to be semantically immediate because most of the language constructs used in the graphical notation of Guaraná are not semantically immediate, that is, a novice reader is not able to infer their meaning from their appearance alone.
Fuzzy multicriteria model to support decision making during the selection process of teaching and research staff in higher education
Authors: Tadić Ivana , Marasović Branka , Jerković Ivana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelecting human resources represents complex tasks and ultimately determines an organisation's future stability and development. High‐quality selection procedures serve as the basis for proper employee utilisation and individual career development, which generate organisational success. To be most effective, in addition to applicant competency in the field, decision makers use various selection techniques and tools. These are applied to reveal and distinguish applicants' characteristics, qualifications and competencies, as well as to predict their success and organisational contribution specified for each profession and position. The main aim of this paper is to develop a fuzzy multicriteria model based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) as support for decision making when teaching and research staff are selected for employment within higher education. The model is based on hierarchically structured selection criteria fortified by the different qualitative and quantitative nature of each criterion, as well as the influence of required experts' competencies. We apply this model in the higher education sector for selecting teaching and research staff in Croatia.
Model error and reliability of reinforced concrete beams in shear designed according to the Modified Compression Field Theory
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Foster Stephen J. , Stewart Mark G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModel error (or model uncertainty) were probabilistically characterized for modified compression field theory (MCFT) Simplified and General Method approaches using experimental databases that contained reinforced concrete (RC) beams having shear failures with and without stirrups (168 and 368 specimens, respectively). It was found that when compared to the design shear model currently used in ACI‐318, the General Method produced low model error variability indicating better consistency for the determination of shear strength. Structural reliabilities were then calculated for RC beams in shear designed to MCFT General Method (AASHTO LRFD, CSA A23.3‐14, AS3600‐2018) for a live‐to‐dead load ratio between 0 and 5, and for capacity reduction factor ϕ = 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80. It was concluded that the ϕ‐factor for shear failure for Australian standards can be increased from 0.70 to 0.75 for RC beams with stirrups, providing a 7.1% increase in the design shear capacity and contributing to sustainable design and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions due to more efficient usage of materials.
Experimental and theoretical analysis for steel CHS K‐shaped joints stiffened with joint plates
Authors: Peng Peng , Zhang Dachang , Cui Mingcheng , Gao Chenzhong 
Published: October 2021

SummaryK‐shaped intersecting joint is a common type of joint in steel tubular structures, and its bearing capacity has an important effect on the structural performance. The relevant literatures and design codes are still lacking of the calculation theory on bearing capacity of steel tubular K‐shaped joints stiffened with joint plates, by which the effect of well‐welded stiffeners could not be considered. Four steel tubular K‐shaped joints with or without stiffened plates are designed, and their tests and nonlinear FEAs are carried out to investigate the bearing capacity characteristics, failure modes, and the effectiveness of stiffeners. The tests shown that the stiffened plates can significantly improve the bearing capacities of K‐shaped joints, and the plates should be looked as joint plates to evaluate its contribution to intensity, not just as stiffeners. Then, the parameter simulations and their influences on bearing capacities of stiffened K‐shaped joints are performed, in which the different sizes of chords, braces, and stiffened plates are selected. Compared with the test and simulation results, the bearing capacity of tubular K‐shaped joints with no stiffened plates could be calculated well by the theory in the relevant design codes. Using the superposition method of bearing capacities, the annular strength model and the calculation theory of stiffened tubular K‐shaped joints are proposed, in which the coefficients of multiparameter model are determined through regression analysis. Lastly, the theoretical bearing capacities of stiffened K‐shaped joints are analyzed and have good agreements with the test values. It can be concluded that the proposed calculation theory can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of stiffened K‐shaped joints with plates.
Polyacetylene Glycosides: Isolation, Biological Activities and Synthesis
Authors: Santos Jonh A. M. , Santos Cláudia L. A. A. , Freitas Filho João R. , Menezes Paulo H. , Freitas Juliano C. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyacetylene glycosides (PAGs) constitute a relatively small class of secondary metabolites characterized by the presence of a sugar unit anomerically connected to a polyacetylene. These compounds are found in fungi, seaweed, and more often in plants. PAGs exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities and, as a result, the literature of these compounds has grown exponentially in recent years.
Bisphenol A induced apoptosis via oxidative stress generation involved Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and mitochondrial dependent pathways in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE‐19) cells
Authors: Chiang Yun‐Wei , Su Chun‐Hung , Sun Han‐Yin , Chen Shih‐Pin , Chen Chun‐Jung , Chen Wen‐Ying , Chang Chia‐Che , Chen Chuan‐Mu , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen‐like compound, and an environmental hormone, that is commonly used in daily life. Therefore, it may enter the human body through food or direct contact, causing BPA residues in blood and urine. Because most studies focused on the analysis of BPA in reproductive cells or tissues, regarding evidence the effect of BPA on human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE‐19) cells unavailable. Accordingly, the present study explored the cytotoxicity of BPA on ARPE‐19 cells. After BPA treatment, the expression of Bcl‐XL an antiapoptotic protein, in the mitochondria decreased, and the expression of Bax, a proapoptotic protein increased. Then the mitochondrial membrane potential was affected. BPA changed in mitochondrial membrane potential led to the release of cytochrome C, which activated caspase‐9 to promote downstream caspase‐3 leading to cytotoxicity. The nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway play a major role in age‐related macular degeneration. Our results showed that expression of HO‐1 and Nrf2 suppressed by BPA. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which Nrf2 downstream antioxidants, were degraded by BPA. AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK), which can regulate the phosphorylation of Nrf2, and the phosphorylation of AMPK expression was reduced by BPA. Finally, BPA‐induced ROS generation and cytotoxicity were reduced by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. Taken together, these results suggest that BPA induced ARPE‐19 cells via oxidative stress, which was associated with down regulated Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, and the mitochondria dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.