bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of maternal condition, disease status, and behavior on survival of juvenile bighorn sheep
Authors: Bilodeau‐Hussey Nicole M. , Huggler Katey S. , Frances Cassirer E. , Miyasaki Hollie , Hurley Mark A. , Shipley Lisa A. , Long Ryan A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNutrition integrates and interacts with a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that modulate performance of large‐herbivore populations. Accordingly, studying patterns of herbivore performance through the lens of nutrition can shed light on the complex mechanisms that drive population dynamics. We studied bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and their habitat and quantified relationships among 1) the foodscape (defined herein as spatiotemporal variation in the quality and availability of forage plants); 2) female behavior (i.e., use of the foodscape and rugged escape terrain), condition (% ingesta‐free body fat), and disease status (infection status and antibody levels); and 3) juvenile survival. We conducted intensive vegetation sampling and used generalized additive modeling to map the foodscapes available to bighorn sheep during summer (May–September) over 2 years in 2 population ranges in Idaho, USA: the East Fork of the Salmon River and the Lost River Range. In each study area, we used global positioning system (GPS) collars and field observations to monitor adult female behavior and lamb survival, quantified nutritional condition and disease status of maternal females in late winter, and used known‐fate survival modeling to test for effects of female traits and behavior on lamb survival. Adjusted R2 values for foodscape models ranged from 0.34 to 0.61. Collared females consistently selected rugged escape terrain in both study areas, but we found little evidence of selection for the foodscape. We did not detect any consistent effects of maternal space‐use behavior on lamb survival. In contrast, nutritional condition of females in late winter had a strong, positive effect on summer lamb survival: lambs born to females in relatively good condition (15% ingesta‐free body fat, ~94% probability of lamb survival) were roughly 4 times more likely to survive the summer months than lambs born to females in poor condition (5% ingesta‐free body fat, ~25% probability of lamb survival). In addition, whereas maternal infection with the pathogen Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae had no discernable effect on juvenile survival, lambs born to females that showed no sign of exposure (antibody) to M. ovipneumoniae (~99% probability of survival) were roughly 3 times more likely to survive the summer than lambs born to females that had mounted a strong immune response (35% probability of survival). Our work adds to a growing body of literature linking nutritional condition to juvenile survival and other key vital rates, and highlights the importance of efforts to better understand the role of nutrition in the context of disease and other factors limiting performance of herbivore populations.
Aptasensor‐based point‐of‐care detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Vairaperumal Tharmaraj , Liu Ping‐Yen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents a critical health challenge characterized by a significant reduction in blood flow to the heart, leading to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Cardiac troponins, specifically cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T, are essential proteins involved in cardiac muscle contraction and serve as vital biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI. Aptasensors utilize synthetic aptamers or peptides with high affinity for specific biomarkers and offer a promising approach for integration into portable, user‐friendly point‐of‐care (POC) applications. This review explores recent advances in POC aptasensor‐based platforms for the rapid detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers. Furthermore, this review addresses current challenges and potential future directions in the development of aptasensor. Also, it highlights their potential to improve timely and accurate diagnosis in clinical and emergency settings.
Grating‐based x‐ray dark‐field mammography: Assessing complementary imaging information in simple cystic lesions and typical fibroadenoma
Authors: Hellerhoff Karin , Gottwald Wolfgang , Taphorn Kirsten , Berthe Daniel , Braun Michael , Wagner Kai , Resch Sandra , John Dominik , Heck Lisa , Birnbacher Lorenz , Herzen Julia , Grandl Susanne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of false positive recalls of mammography‐screened women is due to benign breast cysts and simple fibroadenomas. These lesions appear mammographically as smooth‐shaped dense masses and require the recalling of women for a breast ultrasound to obtain complementary imaging information. They can be identified safely by ultrasound with no need for further assessment or treatment.PurposeGrating‐based x‐ray dark‐field breast imaging allows contrast formation based on both attenuation and small‐angle x‐ray scattering and provides complementary imaging information in one single acquisition.MethodsExperiments with ex‐vivo mastectomy samples were performed with a three‐grating Talbot‐Lau interferometer using a laboratory‐based polychromatic x‐ray source. Attenuation and dark‐field images were correlated to clinical mammography and complementary diagnostic imaging techniques.ResultsBenign breast lesions with homogeneous internal structures such as fibroadenomas and simple fluid‐filled cysts, typically presenting as dense breast lesions in standard mammography, showed a signal drop in the dark‐field image. Complicated cysts provided a higher dark‐field signal.ConclusionsThe results presented show that grating‐based x‐ray dark‐field mammography could provide complementary imaging information in one single acquisition, eliminating the need for a second examination to identify harmless cysts and simple fibroadenomas.
Melt‐impregnation and sizing optimization for the fabrication of high‐performance 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone filaments
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zheng Jinghua , Chen Yiwei , Fan Congze , Song Wenzhe , Shan Zhongde 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContinuous carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CCF/PEEK) possesses superior mechanical and physicochemical properties, making it highly desirable for engineering applications. While 3D printing offers cost‐effective and efficient manufacturing for CCF/PEEK, current filaments have low fiber content and poor mechanical properties, limiting the performance of printed parts. To improve this, we first investigated the effects of the melt impregnation process parameters on the quality of CCF/PEEK filament. The evolution of the filament properties was examined by conducting mechanical tests, thermal performance characterization, and microscopic morphology observations. The optimized process parameters resulted in a filament tensile strength of 1274.6 MPa. This paper also developed a fiber‐sizing device to improve the filament formation process and investigated the impact of the sizing agent formulation on the tensile strength. Atomic force microscopy, surface element analysis, and surface energy calculations revealed that the sizing treatment enhanced the interfacial bonding properties between CF and PEEK. Specifically, we found that mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bond formation, and wetting behavior enhanced the interfacial bonding between CF and PEEK to yield a post‐sizing filament tensile strength of 1589.6 MPa. These enhancements support further advancement of engineering applications for continuous fiber‐reinforced composite 3D printing technology.Highlights
Development of a continuous CCF/PEEK filaments forming device.
CCF/PEEK filament tensile strength reached 1589.6 MPa.
Fiber‐sizing device for optimal filament formation.
Optimization of carbon‐fiber sizing and melt impregnation.
High carbon fiber/PEEK interfacial bonding.
Polyamide recycling by selective dissolution approach: Life Cycle Assessment study and environmental impacts comparison with different recycling technologies
Authors: Tonsi Giulia , Caccia Martina , Maesani Cristiano , Simon Ostan Paolo , Ortenzi Marco Aldo , Alini Stefano , Pirola Carlo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA6) is a material extensively utilized thanks to its high mechanical and thermal properties, but its widespread use has raised concerns about its environmental impact, especially because polyamides are often coupled with other materials that hinder recyclability. Recycling techniques currently at industrial scale are mechanical and chemical recycling, but the high temperatures and harsh chemicals involved generate impurities that complicate the process, leading the waste materials to disposal. Solvent‐based recycling may offer a solution allowing non‐nylon‐coupled material separation at milder process conditions, but no industrial data and few studies concerning its environmental impacts are available. This work reports the Life Cycle Assessment of polyamide selective dissolution recycling, analyzing different process configuration scenarios, where the precipitation of PA6 is induced either by the addition of an antisolvent or by solvent evaporation, also exploring the possibility to valorize the non‐nylon‐coupled material. A comparison between mechanical, chemical, and solvent‐based recycling is made in terms of applicability and environmental impacts, all calculated considering renewable energy sources. Solvent‐based recycling approach from an environmental point of view resulted as industrially feasible, where best environmental performing process configuration results in solvent evaporation‐induced PA6 precipitation, with a global warming potential between chemical and mechanical recycling.Highlights
Dissolution recycling is an innovative process to treat mixed plastic waste.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis is useful to evaluate the industrial feasibility of a new process.
LCA of dissolution recycling considering different configurations was evaluated.
Comparative LCA analysis of current PA6 recycling methods with solvent‐based one.
Dissolution recycling can be considered a valid alternative for PA6 recycling.
Study on structure and viscoelastic behavior of epoxy/vinyl ester interpenetrating polymer network nanocomposites containing graphene nanoplatelets/multi‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Molaei Afrooz , Jannesari Ali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), both individually and combined (1:1), on the viscoelastic properties of epoxy/vinyl ester interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that the nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% MWCNTs achieved the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) of 124.81°C, indicating superior stiffness. Conversely, the lowest maximum loss tangent delta of 0.676 was observed with 0.1 wt% GnP/MWCNT mixture, signifying enhanced energy dissipation properties. The GnP/MWCNT mixture yielded superior storage and loss modulus values at Tg, highlighting a synergistic effect. The highest effective crosslinking density (0.9353 mmol/cm3) was achieved with 0.1 wt% GnP/MWCNT mixture, while the lowest (0.4745 mmol/cm3) was found in the 0.5 wt% GnPs sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fracture surfaces confirmed improved dispersion and compatibility of the GnP/MWCNT mixture, leading to dual mechanisms of crack bridging and deflection, ultimately enhancing fracture resistance.Highlights
Nanocomposites exhibit enhanced Tg with GnP/MWCNT mixtures at 0.1–0.5 wt%.
DMTA tests reveal a single Tg, indicating a stable IPN structure across samples.
Storage modulus increases significantly in samples with nanoparticle additions.
Effective cross‐link density varies, influenced by nanoparticle dispersion quality.
SEM images show improved fracture resistance through crack bridging and deflection.
“I Am Excessively Pressed by Classroom Tasks”: A Cross‐Cultural Study on the Sources and Solutions of Chinese and Iranian EFL Students' Academic Disengagement in Online Classes
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Gao Xuesong (Andy) 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOnline education may induce different negative emotions and emotional reactions in language learners. One such reaction emerging from emotional experiences in online contexts is academic disengagement, which has been limitedly examined in L2 research. To fill this lacuna, this study has been done to probe into the sources and solutions of student disengagement in online L2 classes from the perspective of Chinese and Iranian students. To accomplish this, through maximum‐variation sampling, a sample of Chinese (n = 164) and Iranian (n = 150) students was selected to take part in this inquiry. Then, an open‐ended questionnaire was virtually distributed among participants. Participants' answers to the open‐ended questions were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. The findings of the thematic analysis reveal that both Chinese and Iranian L2 learners had a similar view of the sources of academic disengagement considering the outcome of different online‐related, teacher‐related, learner‐related, and course/task‐related issues. The findings also show that the majority of Chinese and Iranian L2 learners attribute student academic disengagement to online‐related issues, including limited face‐to‐face interactions, technological breakdowns, and a boring learning atmosphere. To address the issue of student disengagement, the participants of both contexts report three broad categories, namely teacher‐related, student‐related, and administrator‐related solutions. The solutions offered by the participants imply that both Chinese and Iranian L2 learners hold students, teachers, and educational administrators responsible for student disengagement in online classes. The findings may help L2 instructors and educational managers respond to student disengagement in online language classes effectively.
Exploring the role of the rock climbing Treadwall as a novel therapy tool in physical rehabilitation
Authors: Bartolo Kathryne , Prais Katelyn , D'Amico Ella , Androwis Ghaith J. , Cheng Jenfu , Shoval Hannah Aura 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundRock climbing offers numerous health benefits, but accessibility and safety concerns limit its therapeutic use, especially for individuals with disabilities. No prior studies have explored the potential benefits of integrating the Treadwall, a rotating climbing wall with improved accessibility and safety, into rehabilitation protocols.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of implementing a Treadwall climbing intervention as a novel therapy tool for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Additionally, we seek to explore potential functional benefits derived from the Treadwall intervention.DesignThis prospective, observational, single‐site study assessed Treadwall training in a cohort of children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy while attending a 3‐week intensive therapy program.SettingThe study was conducted at the BECOME Program in Children's Specialized Hospital, Mountainside, NJ.ParticipantsA total of 10 participants, aged 4 to 9 years, diagnosed with hemiparesis, were enrolled, with nine completing the intervention.InterventionsThe intervention involved 15 10‐minute climbing sessions during the 3‐week intensive therapy program. Participants' climbing distance, intensity, and active mobility rate were recorded.Main Outcome Measure(s)Primary outcome measures included climbing distance, intensity, and active mobility rate. Secondary measures, the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function, were collected to assess upper limb function.ResultsThe study demonstrated significant improvements in distance climbed (p < .01), intensity (p < .05), and active mobility rate (p < .05). Participants showed enhanced upper limb function, indicated by improved AHA and Melbourne Assessment scores (p < .01). Qualitative therapist reports showed positive feedback regarding the Treadwall's potential benefits.ConclusionsThe study supports the feasibility and safety of using the rock climbing Treadwall as a novel therapy tool for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The intervention showed promising results in improving climbing skills, motor learning, and coordination. Future investigations should explore dosing and long‐term outcomes to fully assess the Treadwall's therapeutic potential.
Characterization of the E26H Mutant Schistosoma japonicum Glutathione S‐Transferase
Authors: Mótyán János András , Veres Ágota Nagyné , Tőzsér József 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlutathione‐S‐transferase, such as that of Schistosoma japonicum (sjGST) belongs to the most widely utilized fusion tags in the recombinant protein technology. The E26H mutation of sjGST has already been found to remarkably improve its ability for binding divalent ions, enabling its purification with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Nevertheless, most characteristics of this mutant remained unexplored to date. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the wild‐type and the E26H mutant sjGST by using in vitro as well as in silico approaches. We confirmed that the sjGST(E26H) protein exhibits significantly increased affinity for binding nickel ions as compared to the wild‐type. In addition, we proved that the sjGST(E26H) can be purified efficiently either with glutathione‐ or immobilized metal ion‐affinity chromatography, even in consecutive purification steps. The human retroviral‐like aspartic protease 1 (ASPRV1) conjugated with the sjGST(E26H) fusion tag was also successfully purified by using both of these affinity chromatographic approaches. Our studies revealed that the E26H mutant sjGST can be used as a versatile affinity tag because the modified protein retains the kinetic features of the wild‐type and its affinity towards glutathione, while can be purified efficiently by IMAC, as well.
Sulfonated White‐Graphene for High‐Performance Gel Polymer Electrolytes: The Interplay between Ion Conductivity and Rheology
Authors: Eslami Reza , Malekkhouyan Adel , Santhirakumaran Prrunthaa , Mehrvar Mehrab , Zarrin Hadis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch into flexible solid‐state supercapacitors for wearable electronics focuses on achieving high performance and safety. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are preferred over fully solid‐state electrolytes due to their better ionic conductivity while addressing safety concerns associated with liquid electrolytes. This study aims to enhance high‐performance gel polymer electrolytes (HP‐GPEs) by improving the ion transfer rate of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sulfonated hexagonal boron nitride (known as white‐graphene) and exploring how rheology influences ion‐conduction within HP‐GPEs. The systematic analysis of GPEs highlights the dominant role of the loss factor in quasi‐solid GPEs. With less energy dissipation in the polymeric structure, ion movement occurs along an optimized pathway, as reflected in the calculated values of the diffusion coefficient and ion mobility from impedance analysis. Physico‐electro‐chemical characterizations of the HP‐GPEs revealed that the 3D network of 2D nanosheets and crystallites formed a more uniform and reduced pore size (decreasing from ≈7 µm to ≈221 nm), increased ion conduction by 6‐fold (70.7 mS cm−1), and led to an increment of ≈35% in specific capacitance with an impressive 96% retention after 10 000 cycles. These findings underscore the importance of engineering the rheological and structural properties in hydrogels as promising electrolytes for high‐performance energy storage devices.
Meningeal solitary fibrous tumour (hemangiopericytoma) in a dog
Authors: Comesaña Alejandro , Alomar Jaume , Pumarola Martí , de la Fuente Cristian , Añor Sonia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, male entire French Bulldog was presented for a 2‐month history of progressive ambulatory tetraparesis and occasional cervical pain. Neurological examination was consistent with a right‐sided C1–C5 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural‐extramedullary mass over the C1–C2 vertebrae. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathological examination demonstrated a neoplastic vascular proliferation within a fibrous‐myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical staining allowed further characterisation of the lesion, which was consistent with a solitary fibrous tumour (hemangiopericytoma). The patient improved neurologically after surgery. This type of tumour had not been previously reported in dogs in this location.
Birth-Related Mechanical Head Injuries
Authors: Mohammad Khorshid , Meijler Gerda , de Vries Linda S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBirth-related mechanical head injuries (commonly called Traumatic Brain Injury) in neonates can occur spontaneously or due to various birth-related factors such as instrumental assisted delivery. The delicate nature of a newborn’s developing brain makes it particularly vulnerable to injury. Careful clinical examination soon after birth is a key as timely identification and treatment can be lifesaving and decrease the risk of long-term implications.
Viral Infections
Authors: de Vries Linda S. , Steggerda Sylke J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractViral infections may occur during pregnancy, when the brain is developing, during birth, or within the first days to weeks after birth. This chapter describes the clinical and neuroimaging features of the most common congenital and postnatally acquired viral infections that can affect the fetal and neonatal brain. Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital infection and can be associated with hearing loss and malformations of cortical development when occurring in the first trimester. Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan parasite, can lead to antenatal hydrocephalus. Postnatal infections are especially likely to affect the white matter, with a very similar pattern of injury for enterovirus, parechovirus, and rotavirus. The prognosis depends on the time of onset for the congenital infections and on the gestational age for the postnatal infections.
Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Steggerda Sylke J. , de Vries Linda S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBacterial and fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in newborns are of major clinical importance as they carry a high risk of mortality and can cause severe brain injury resulting in long-term morbidities in survivors.Several types of microorganisms can be involved; the most common are group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli, but also gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and Candida species can cause severe infections. These different microorganisms have their own characteristic patterns of brain injury which can be recognized on neuroimaging. Knowledge about these patterns and the course of the disease can provide the clinician a guide to appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication.
Cranial Ultrasonography
Authors: Meijler Gerda , Steggerda Sylke J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCranial ultrasonography is the standard neuro-imaging modality in the NICU and in other neonatal units. It is safe, and, as it used at the bedside, it is patient-friendly. Cranial ultrasonography provides essential and invaluable information on brain growth and development, and brain injury in high-risk (preterm) newborns.