bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holy Tongue or Conventional Language: The Concept and Status of the Hebrew Language among Medieval Karaite Jews
Authors: Zawanowska Marzena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article examines the concept and status of the Hebrew language among medieval Karaites exploring whether they embraced linguistic relativism (the idea of ‘the holy tongue’), which was characteristic of rabbinic Judaism. It goes on to delve into the complex issue of why medieval Karaites, after initially (in the 9th century) advocating for a return to Hebrew, eventually (in the 11th century) abandoned this idea in favour of Arabic. Through terminological, genealogical, and functional analyses of source texts (dating primarily from the 10th century, when the ‘language breakthrough’ occurred), it demonstrates that the Karaites did not desacralize Hebrew but rather perceived it as a special language of divine origin and sacred significance while at the same time considered it a conventional language, adapted to human needs and cognitive capacities. The paper argues that these central beliefs—regarding Hebrew as both holy and conventional—motivated the Karaites’ efforts to revive it, and contemplates why they eventually discarded this attempt. It postulates that this change occurred due to intellectual/cultural, pragmatic/linguistic and eschatological considerations.
The Predicate Restriction in Najdi Arabic: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Alharbi Bader Yousef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the grammatical properties of the existential sentence is the predicate restriction, which states that only stage-level predicates are allowed in the coda position of the existential sentence; individual-level predicates are disallowed. This restriction has shown to be available in some languages but absent in others. The purpose of this theoretical study is twofold: firstly, to explore the availability of the effect of the predicate restriction in the existential sentence of Najdi Arabic; and secondly, to provide an account for its interesting behaviour. Assuming that the phrasal coda is a secondary predicative adjunct, it has been concluded that the predicate restriction is available in Najdi Arabic existential sentence. Only stage-level predicates are permitted in the coda position, whereas individual-level predicates are disallowed. The paper goes on to show that the ostensibly possible occurrence of individuallevel predicates in the existential sentence of Najdi Arabic may be ascribed to the fact that these adjective phrases are postnominal modifiers, rather than secondary predicates.
The morphology of some under-described verbal classes in the eastern Jibbali/Shehret variety of Sadḥ (Setḥ)
Authors: Castagna Giuliano , Al-Amri Suhail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents and describes the morphology of some underdescribed verbal classes in a variety of the Jibbali/Shehret language, which is part of the Modern South Arabian Languages (MSAL), a subgroup of the Semitic language family. The variety involved in this study is spoken in the coastal town of Sadḥ (natively called Setḥ) in the Dhofar governorate of the Sultanate of Oman, in the eastern part of the Jibbali/Shehret-speaking area, about 135 km to the east of Salalah, the governorate capital. The data presented, obtained through elicitation, sheds some light on the characteristics of a number of verbal classes in Jibbali/Shehret, which are only cursorily mentioned (or, in a few cases, completely disregarded) in the literature. Full paradigms are provided for most of the items described, along with a succinct summary of the relevant morpho-phonological phenomena involved.
The Role of Dietary Protein in Mitigating the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Shariq Abia , Khan Sarosh , Usmani Shajie Ur Rehman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disease, mainly associated with excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. It has become a global health concern. The diagnosis of NAFLD is often done through liver biopsy; however, noninvasive methods have their own advantages. Dietary intervention, especially increased dietary protein alongside managing overall body weight, have been shown to be a promising strategy to lessen the impact of NAFLD. Dietary protein has been shown to reduce fat accumulation in the liver by increasing liver metabolism, eliciting satiety, improving insulin sensitivity, and enhancing muscle mass retention, collectively aiding in weight management. Both animal and plant proteins have benefits; however, plant proteins have demonstrated more metabolic advantages, while animal proteins have more downsides. Bridging the protein gap is critical, particularly in areas with limited availability to high-quality protein or in populations where dietary protein intake is inadequate. This commentary highlights the importance of obtaining sufficient protein from readily available and sustainable food sources. Furthermore, diets high in protein, like the Mediterranean diet, have proven to delay the advancement and likelihood of NAFLD. In conclusion, adequate dietary protein plays a crucial part in diminishing the risk of NAFLD, and efforts in public health should concentrate on addressing protein deficiency to decrease the growing burden of liver disease.
Pregnancy among thyroid cancer survivors: do thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine matter?
Authors: Teng Chung-Jen , Yeh Chiu-Mei , Liu Chia-Jen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Huang Nicole , Chou Yiing-Jenq 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid cancer primarily affects young women and raises concerns about future fertility due to treatments of thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. This study investigated the effects of these treatments on pregnancy probability in young female patients post-diagnosis.

Methods
A nationwide, population-based study using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2000–2017) examined pregnancy likelihood in women ≤45 years with thyroid cancer. The effects of thyroidectomy and RAI therapy on pregnancy were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results
In a cohort of 10 937 patients with thyroid cancer, 7022 (64.2%) underwent total thyroidectomy, with 718 receiving RAI treatment. The type of thyroidectomy and RAI treatment, even at doses exceeding 120 millicuries, did not reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Age was identified as the most critical factor influencing pregnancy; women aged &gt;30 years had a significantly lower likelihood of becoming pregnant than younger women did. Other factors associated with a reduced likelihood of pregnancy included comorbidity with diabetes (HR = 0.65, P = .002) and higher socioeconomic status (HR = 0.69, P = .085).

Conclusions
Thyroidectomy and RAI therapy do not diminish pregnancy probability in young women with thyroid cancer. Age remains a crucial factor, with younger women more likely to conceive. These findings are critical for fertility counseling and treatment planning.
Key message What is already known on this subjec? Thyroid cancer primarily affects young women, and its standard treatments, including thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, have raised concerns about their potential impact on fertility. Previous studies have shown that RAI treatment may temporarily affect ovarian function but typically does not have a significant long-term effect on fertility. What this study adds? This nationwide population-based study found that neither total nor partial thyroidectomy, nor RAI treatment, adversely affects the likelihood of pregnancy in young women with thyroid cancer. Age was identified as the most significant factor influencing pregnancy, with younger women having a higher probability of becoming pregnant after treatment. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? Clinicians should recognize that age, rather than the type of thyroidectomy or RAI treatment, is the most critical factor influencing fertility in young women with thyroid cancer. This insight can guide personalized fertility counseling and treatment planning to optimize outcomes.
Effects of miRNAs in inborn error of metabolism and treatment strategies
Authors: Bayrak Harun , Sharafi Parisa , Özketen Ahmet Ç , Kılıç Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metabolism is the name given to all of the chemical reactions in the cell involving thousands of proteins, including enzymes, receptors, and transporters. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are caused by defects in the production and breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules, ⁓19–25 nucleotides long, hairpin-shaped, produced from DNA. They play key roles in regulating gene expression of target mRNAs at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Altered expression of miRNAs has emerged as an additional molecular mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, this altered miRNA expression is also present in inherited metabolic diseases. A single miRNA can regulate targets associated with similar cellular processes and pathways, making miRNAs powerful therapeutics to restore the impaired cellular functions seen in disease phenotypes by enhancing the cellular response. Although the miRNA research field has advanced significantly in recent years, studies in IEM are still limited. Further research on miRNA expression specifically related to IEM may allow the identification of new biomarkers for the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of diseases. In this review, the literature studies between miRNAs and IEMs, diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and treatment possibilities of miRNAs were analyzed. We present recent advances on miRNAs in IEM and an overview of current miRNA therapeutics for the clinic.
A narrative literature review of white matter microstructure in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Su Wenjun , Wang Jijun , Tang Yingying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by widespread white matter (WM) alterations, manifesting as neurodevelopmental deficits and dysconnectivity abnormalities. Over the past two decades, studies have focused on the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage of psychosis and have yielded fruitful information on WM abnormalities that exist prior to the full onset of psychosis, shedding light on biological mechanisms underlying psychosis development. This review presents a summary of current findings on cross-sectional and longitudinal WM alterations in individuals with CHR and their links to clinical symptoms and neurocognitive dysfunction. Next, we review the utilization of WM characterization in predicting clinical outcomes. Taken together, the literature suggests the clinical significance of WM characteristics and their great potential in predicting the conversion to psychosis, despite some methodological and conceptual challenges that remain to be addressed in future studies. Future CHR research would greatly benefit from utilizing WM to guide pharmacological and non-pharmacological targeted treatments, optimize clinical prediction models, and enable more accurate clinical care.
LINK WORKER LED SOCIAL PRESCRIBING AS EARLY INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL MENTAL HEALTH DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Charlton J. J. V , Battersby A , Drinkwater C , McKean M , Quibell T 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a novel approach to Social Prescribing (SP) embedded within education for primary-school aged children with early social-emotional mental health (SEMH) difficulties in socioeconomically deprived areasDesignRepeated measuresSetting10 primary schoolsPatients117 children aged 7-11 years with SEMHInterventionChildren received weekly support with a Link Worker and support to attend community assets over 9 months.Main outcome measuresTeacher (T) and parent (P) report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measured SEMH, parent and child report Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory measured quality of life, and a child report vocabulary list measured expressive and receptive vocabulary.ResultsThere was a significant effect of provision on SEMH reported by teachers (n-71) and parents (n=92), including total difficulties (95% CI .000-.001; 95% CI .015-.020), conduct difficulties (95% CI .012-.017; 95% CI .000-.001) and hyperactivity (95% CI .000-.001; 95% CI .000-.000, respectively) with moderate effect sizes. Parents (n=74) reported a significant improvement in children’s emotional (95% CI .066-.075) and school functioning (95% CI .005-008) with small effect sizes, however child reported quality of life (n=83) remained stable. There was a significant improvement in children’s receptive vocabulary (95% CI .019-.025) with moderate effect size, but not expressive vocabulary.ConclusionsOutcomes indicate a potential role for SP embedded within education as a preventative strategy in children’s early social-emotional mental health and wellbeing. Further work is required to explore direct impacts on mental health services and long-term impacts on SEMH.What is already known on this topicChild-centred SP is emerging as an alternative approach to support within health and voluntary sectors, however there is a gap in SP embedded within education, and limited evidence for the impact of SP on child SEMH and wellbeing.What this study addsEarly evidence for education-embedded SP as a potential preventative strategy in children’s mental health and wellbeing.How this study might affect research, practice or policyOutcomes have potential implications for supporting capacity of primary and secondary care services, a framework for collaborative delivery of support between education, health and voluntary sector services, and a defined SP model for further research.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Combination Strongly Enhances Responses and Overcomes Sotorasib Resistance inKRASG12C-Mutant NSCLC
Authors: Ozakinci Hilal , Desai Bina , Kalos Denise , Chen Dung-Tsa , Henry Menkara , Solanki Hitendra , Boyle Theresa A. , Trejo Bittar Humberto E. , Nazario Gina S. , Haura Eric B. , Marusyk Andriy , Pellini Bruna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionRecent advances in the treatment ofKRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have led to the development of KRASG12Cinhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib. However, resistance and disease progression remain significant challenges. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of combining trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, with sotorasib inKRASG12C-mutant NSCLC, while also evaluating HER2 expression in NSCLC samples.MethodsThe HER2 expression dependence of xenograft responses to sotorasib, T-DXd, and their combination was evaluated in therapy-naïve and sotorasib-treated tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Also, we analyzed 191 clinical (pre- or on-treatment) and rapid autopsy (post-treatment) samples from 31 patients with driver-positive and driver-negative advanced stage NSCLC, assessing HER2 expression using interpretation guidelines developed for breast cancer (BC) and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA).ResultsIn the majority of preclinical models, including sotorasib-resistant tumors, the sotorasib-T-DXd combination induced stronger and more durable responses compared to monotherapies. The strong effect of the combination therapy was likely attributable to sotorasib-induced adaptive HER2 upregulation; stronger HER2 expression in sotorasib-treated tumors was linked with stronger responses. Although HER2 expression was higher in samples from patients withKRASG12C-mutant NSCLC compared to NSCLC with other driver mutations or no drivers, the difference was not statistically significant. HER2 IHC score discrepancy was also observed between BC and GEA interpretation guidelines.ConclusionsOur results support the potential clinical utility of the sotorasib-T-DXd combination, including tumors with intrinsic and acquired resistance to sotorasib monotherapy. Since the strengths of the responses depend on HER2 expression levels, successful clinical implementation necessitates optimizing patient selection. Our results highlight the complexities of accurate HER2 interpretation in NSCLC and highlight the need for standardized testing methods.
Isobaric Tagging and Data Independent Acquisition as Complementary Strategies for Proteome Profiling on an Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Dawson Shane L. , Gygi Steven P. , Paulo Joao A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTComprehensive global proteome profiling that is amenable to high throughput processing will broaden our understanding of complex biological systems. Here, we evaluated two leading mass spectrometry techniques, Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and Tandem Mass Tagging (TMT), for extensive protein abundance profiling. DIA provides label-free quantification with a broad dynamic range, while TMT enables multiplexed analysis using isobaric tags for efficient cross-sample comparisons. We analyzed 18 samples, including four cell lines (IHCF, HCT116, HeLa, MCF7) under standard growth conditions, in addition to IHCF treated with two H₂O₂ concentrations, all in triplicate. Experiments were conducted on an Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer, employing Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS). Despite utilizing different acquisition strategies, both the DIA and TMT approaches achieved comparable proteome depth and quantitative consistency, with each method quantifying over 10,000 proteins across all samples, with slightly more protein-level precision for the TMT strategy. Relative abundance correlation analysis showed strong agreement at both peptide and protein levels. Our findings highlight the complementary strengths of DIA and TMT for high-coverage proteomic studies, providing flexibility in method selection based on specific experimental needs.
A tale of two shrimps – Speciation and demography of two sympatric shrimp species from hydrothermal vents
Authors: Methou Pierre , Johnson Shannon B. , Sherrin John , Shank Timothy M. , Chen Chong , Tunnicliffe Verena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrothermal vents can serve as natural laboratories to study speciation processes due to their fragmented distribution often with geographic barriers between habitats. Two sympatric species ofRimicarisshrimps occur at vents on the Izu-Bonin-Mariana volcanic arcs:Rimicaris loihialso found near Hawai’i andR. cambonaealso present on the Tonga Arc. These two species biogeographically co-occur and are genetically highly similar, raising the question of the mechanisms of how they maintain distinct species, including the possibility of interbreeding. Here, we use barcoding and shotgun sequencing to test if hybridization is occurring. We also evaluate population demography over 10 years to assess population densities and sex ratios at vents. Our results supportR. cambonaeandR. loihias two distinct species despite sympatry throughout part of their range and presence of hybrids. Different sex ratios between species populations suggest that life-history traits such as different mating systems might reinforce reproductive barriers. We observed fluctuations in shrimp densities alongside their genetic diversity, linked to variations in hydrothermal activity over years. We suggest that geographic isolation after a rare, historical long-distance dispersal across volcanic arcs, followed by environmentally-driven genetic fluctuations may have fostered rapid divergence by allopatry, although sympatric speciation is not excluded.
Integrated analysis of COVID-19 multi-omics data for eQTLs reveals genetic mechanisms underlying disease severity
Authors: Lee Jeongha , Jeon Eun Young , Yu Liyang , Jo Hye-Yeong , Kim Sang Cheol , Park Woong-Yang , Park Hyun-Young , Zhao Siming , Choi Murim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate genetic factors influencing the disease severity of the viral infection. Despite a plethora of recent research on both SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, few have taken a systems biology approach to address individual-level variation, especially based on non-European populations. Accordingly, we analyzed multi-omics data generated at three timepoints from 193 Korean COVID-19 patients with mild or severe symptoms, composed of whole genome sequencing, blood-based single-cell RNA-sequencing (2.15M cells), 195 cytokine profiles, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele data. We identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), disease severity interacting eQTLs (n= 388), and disease progression interacting eQTLs (n= 945) for various cell types. We elucidated a complex regulatory mechanism involvingHLAgenes and their targets, and identified genetic determinants of cytokine levels. Finally, we show how regulation of ieQTLs is established by upstream transcription factors (TFs), illustrating complex regulation of theIGFBP7ieQTL by a combined action of two TFs, which is potentially important in conferring differential severity. This study illuminates an efficient molecular interrogation framework that can be applied toward understanding infectious disease progression in individuals of different genotypes.
Mental Health and Service Utilization Among Asian-Indians in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Xavier Rose Mary , Kaur Harjas , Kalidindi Ram N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Asian-Indians living in the US are severely underrepresented in mental health research. Though there are more studies on Asian-Indian mental health now than there was a decade ago, much remains unknown including the experience and prevalence of mental health disorders, service utilization, impact of cultural influences, and barriers and facilitators in seeking mental health support and treatment. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine mental health and mental health service utilization among Asian-Indians in the US.Methods:We conducted a scoping review of published literature. Two reviewers independently screened 2687 articles for potential inclusion—1976 were excluded based on title and abstract review alone and 675 on full-text review. An additional 8 articles identified during full text review resulted in a total of 44 articles included in the scoping review.Results:Of the 44 studies, 33 used a quantitative design, 3 studies used a multiple or mixed methods design and 8 used a qualitative design. Given the broad theme of our research question and since the final list of studies included varied widely in their focus and methods, we present our results using a descriptive, narrative synthesis.Conclusions:Cultural values, familial roles and support, and stigma significantly impact both mental health and help seeking behaviors of Asian Indians. There are major gaps in the literature surrounding child and youth mental health, mental health disorders and pathways to mental health care. These findings are discussed in the context of relevance for practice, policy and the need for high quality research.