bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of forelimb instrumentation on lameness detection in horses using a portable inertial sensor–based system
Authors: Lopes Marco A. F. , Nichols Jeremiah T. , Dearo Antonio Cezar O. , Nelson Shanna R. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of a small sensor attached to the pastern region of a forelimb on lameness detection and quantification with a portable inertial sensor–based system (PISBS) for lameness detection and quantification in horses.

ANIMALS
20 adult horses (body weight, 410 to 650 kg) with no visible lameness at the walk.

PROCEDURES
In a crossover study design, horses were evaluated at the trot twice using the PISBS with the gyroscope alternately attached to the right forelimb pastern region (as recommended by the manufacturer) or to the left forelimb pastern region (with the sensor flipped 180° on the frontal plane relative to the standard position). Agreement between the 2 instrumentation approaches was investigated graphically and by repeated-measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS
No effects of instrumentation of a forelimb with the gyroscope were detected on the lame limb or limbs or on lameness severity. Attachment of the gyroscope to a forelimb had no effect on forelimb or hind limb lameness (ie, did not cause or mask lameness) as measured with the PISBS.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Instrumentation of a forelimb with a lightweight gyroscope for lameness evaluations with a PISBS had no effects on lameness measurements in horses. Results suggested that, when indicated, the gyroscope can be attached (while flipped 180° on the frontal plane relative to the standard position) to the left forelimb (rather than the right forelimb).
Evaluation of the reticulorumen pH throughout the feeding period for beef feedlot steers maintained in a commercial feedlot and its association with liver abscesses
Authors: Theurer Miles E. , Fox J. Trent , McCarty Travis M. , McCollum Ryan M. , Jones Tom M. , Simpson Jim , Martin Teresa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the reticulorumen pH of beef feedlot steers throughout the feeding period and to assess the association between the respective durations that the reticulorumen pH was ≤ 5.6 (subacute ruminal acidosis) and ≤ 5.2 (acute ruminal acidosis) and liver abscess severity.

ANIMALS
59 feedlot steers (mean body weight, 349.5 kg).

PROCEDURES
On day 0, each steer was orally administered an electronic bolus that monitored the reticulorumen pH every 10 minutes for 150 days. Steers were transitioned from a starter to intermediate ration on day 8 (transition 1) and from the intermediate to finish ration on day 19 (transition 2). The ration carbohydrate and megacalorie contents increased with each transition. During each transition, the lower megacalorie ration was fed at the 8:00 AM feeding and the higher megacalorie ration was fed at the 2:00 PM feeding for 3 days before the higher megacalorie ration was fed extensively. Steers were sent to slaughter after 182 days; each carcass was assessed for liver abscesses.

RESULTS
The diurnal reticulorumen pH pattern was characterized by a peak at 7:00 AM and nadir at 8:00 PM. The mean percentages of time that the reticulorumen pH was ≤ 5.6 and ≤ 5.2 were more than 10-fold greater during transition 1, compared with during transition 2, and were significantly greater for steers with extensive liver abscesses than for steers without extensive liver abscesses.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Efforts to minimize the duration that the reticulorumen pH is ≤ 5.6 might mitigate liver abscess formation in feedlot cattle.
Survey of self-reported radiation safety practices among North American veterinary technicians involved in equine radiography using portable x-ray equipment
Authors: Belotta Alexandra F. , Mayer Monique N. , Koehncke Niels K. , Carmalt James , Freitas Fernando P. , Waldner Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To describe self-reported radiation safety practices by equine veterinary technicians in North America and identify factors associated with these practices.

SAMPLE
154 equine technicians.

PROCEDURES
An electronic questionnaire regarding radiation safety practices during the use of portable x-ray equipment was sent to 884 members of the American Association of Equine Veterinary Technicians and Assistants. Data were summarized, and various factors were evaluated for associations with reported safety practices.

RESULTS
221 of 884 (25.0%) questionnaires were completed, including 154 by equine technicians who had been involved in equine radiography as x-ray tube operators, cassette holders, or both in the previous year. Lead apron use was suboptimal, reported as “always” for 80.0% (104/130) of tube operators and 83.1% (123/148) of cassette holders. Approximately 20% of participants never wore thyroid shields, and approximately 90% never wore lead eyeglasses. Almost 50% of participants did not have lead eyeglasses available. Although > 55% of participants always held the x-ray equipment by hand, 58.4% (73/125) of tube operators and 25.0% (35/140) of cassette holders never wore gloves. Cassette holders wore lead gloves and personal radiation dose–monitoring devices significantly more frequently than did tube operators.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Compliance of North American equine technicians with radiation safety recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements was suboptimal. Improvements in radiation safety training and education, strengthening the connection between academic institutions and private practices, and greater availability and requirement of personal protective equipment use by senior clinicians and employers might aid in improving safety practices.
The “New Normal” in Mortgage Lending and Its Impact on Default Probabilities
Authors: Rauterkus Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper analyses the evolution of the use of subprime loans and the availability of credit to different classes of borrowers. It examines the time period from 1980 to 2008 as a whole, as well as the changes in credit profiles in five sub-periods. By tracking borrower characteristics and their impact on foreclosure probability over time it determines what went wrong and how policy can be developed that prevents a repeat of the housing crisis that began at the end of 2006. The findings suggest that over the sample period debt to income, FICO score and loan-to-value are significant determinants for the probability of foreclosure and their importance increases over time. Furthermore, some borrowers are three times more likely to default on a loan originated between 2001 and 2006 than a loan originated between 1980 and 1994 indicating a distinct difference in lending terms and the general lending environment over time.
Taiwanese Identity – Past Factors and Present Circumstances
Authors: Sendyka Pawel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Taiwan is an island that off the coast of China. To say that Taiwan is a country is to offend the Communist People’s Republic of China which claims sovereignty over the island and markets it to the world as a “renegade province” which must be re-united with the mainland, by force, if necessary. For people who know very little about Taiwan and its big neighbour across the Taiwan Strait this may even sound convincing, but the truth is more complex. In 1949 the nationalist government (Kuomintang or KMT) having lost the Chinese Civil War retreated from the mainland; the communists have never ruled the island.
The settling of the Republic of China’s government in Taiwan and the era of “White Terror” was another one in a series of historical events that were fundamental in forming the modern Taiwanese identity. Whatever the proponents of “one China” claim, the truth of the matter is that there is a shift in attitudes of the inhabitants of Taiwan in how they feel about themselves (Taiwanese, Chinese or both). This is a crucial fact that will have to be acknowledged in the cross-strait relations. The identity argument as such, is independent of any historical claims. And this Taiwanese identity has been evolving and will continue to do so, shaped by the past and the most recent events like the Hong Kong protests, the pandemic, politics and the military aggression and intimidation by the People’s Republic of China. This article will examine these factors in turn.
Pengaruh Konsumsi Sari Buah Jambu Merah dan Madu terhadap Kenaikan Nilai HB pada Ibu Hamil di Tempat Praktek Mandiri Bidan Muarofah Surabaya
Authors: Indriyani Ratna , Aulia Aulia , Andrian Maulana Widi , Suprayitno Emdat 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Pregnancy is one of the Physiology things but, in the process of pregnancy not a little pregnant mothers that experienced the problem like Anemia disease. The Aim of the research is To Known the effect in giving the red Guava juice and honey into the e knhancement HB level for the Pregnant Women in semester two and semester Three by the Light anemia. The method employed in this research was Experimental Quasy by Up Design Non equivalent Control Group pre test and post test design . the instrument or the sample of this research is the pregnant mothers in semester two and semester three consists of 32 as informants and they are will divide into the two groups as follows: 16 Respondent in treatment groups and 16 respondent in control groups. The technique that used in this research was accidental sampling. The data was collected by using observation task. The data will analyse by using Wilcoxon test. The result of the research that the level of Pregnant mother’s HB before Giving the Red Guava Juice and honey is in the average level of 9,81. The HB level of pregnant mother’s after Giving the Red Guava Juice and honey most of the levels of Pregnant Mother’s HB was increased in the treatment group in the average level of 10,25 gr %, while in the control group have no found the differentiated of the HB level before and after the treatment in average level of 9,81 gr % by the result of the Wilcoxon test analyse p=0,000 (p<0,05). Based on the previous analysis above writer would like to draw some conclusion as follows: the sicnificant influence in giving the Red Guava Juice and honey to increase the HB levels of pregnan mother’s. its expected all the pregnant women to Check up routine about the HB level to knowing early the Anemia’s effect in Pregnancy so that it cawill be taken by the Preventive treatment
Keyword: Anemia, Hb, pregnant mother
Implementasi Dukungan Spiritual Berbasis Budaya Menurunkan Kecemasan pada Pasien Stroke
Authors: Arif Ahmad Zaini 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Stroke is generally known as an attacking disease, crippling and even able to kill humans. Besides having physical and psychological problems, stroke patients also have psychospiritual problems. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of Transcultural Theory (ISST) spiritual support implementation on the level of anxiety in Stroke Patients.
The design of this study was Quasi-Experimental approach with pre post test control group design, the sample was 36 patients, divided into 2, treatment groups and controls were taken by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using the t test with 2 free samples with α = 0.05.
The results showed that the results of the difference in the anxiety level of the intervention group were ± (SD) = -4.61 ± (1.94) and the control group namely ± (SD) = 0.22 ± (3.38). The results of independent t test, P = 0.007, meaning that there is the effect of transcultural theory (ISST) spiritual support implementation on the level of anxiety.
Giving Implementation of spiritual support based on transcultural theory (ISST) can reduce anxiety levels. Nurses can provide spiritual support based on transcultural theory (ISST) in stroke patients as an intervention in spiritual nursing care.
Efektifitas Latihan Range Of Motion (ROM) Aktif terhadap Tonus Otot Ekstrimitas bawah dan Rentang Gerak Sendi pada Lansia
Authors: Nindawi Nindawi , Susilawati Endang Fauziyah , Iszakiyah Nur 
Published: October 2021

Masalah kesehatan pada Lansia dapat terjadi pada beberapa bagian tubuh termasuk sistem muskuloskletal antara lain persendian dan kekuatan otot. Perubahan pada jaringan ikat sekitar sendi seperti tendon, ligamen, dan fasia yang mengalami penurunan elastisitas. Latihan ROM merupakan salah satu bentuk latihan dalam proses rehabilitasi yang dinilai masih sangat efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh latihan ROM aktif terhadap peningkatan rentang gerak sendi dan kekuatan otot kaki pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kowel Pamekasan. Penelitian kuantitatif, dengan desain pre eksperimen pre dan post test design group. Teknik pengambilan sampel non probability purposive sampling dan sampel 30 orang. Data diperoleh melalui observasi awal dan akhir luas rentang gerak sendi dan kekuatan otot kaki yang diberikan latihan ROM aktif selama 2 minggu. Analisis statistiknya univariat dengan uji distribusi frekuensi dan bivariate dengan paired t test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan peningkatan rentang gerak sendi kaki pada Lansia yaitu lutut fleksi-ekstensi rata-rata meningkat 4,570 p value 0,000, ankle plantar fleksi rata-rata meningkat 4.530 p value 0,000, ankle dorsal fleksi rata-rata meningkat 2.270 p value 0,000, dan rata-rata meningkat 0,76 untuk kekuatan otot tungkai p value 0,000 (<0,05), artinya terdapat pengauh latihan ROM aktif terhadap rentang gerak sendi kaki dan kekuatan otot pada Lansia. Latihan ROM yang dilakukan sedini mungkin dan dilakukan dengan benar dan secara terus menerus akan memberikan dampak pada kekuatan otot dan rentang gerak sendi. Responden perlu mendapat pendidikan kesehatan untuk dapat menerapkan latihan ROM di rumah secara rutin dan berkelanjutan. ROM mengurangi kondisi ketidakmampuan untuk mencapai derajat sehat optimal, potensial dan produktif.
kata kunci: Range Of Motion (ROM) aktif, Rentang Gerak Sendi, Kekuatan otot kaki, Lanjut Usia.
Evaluation of long-term stability of curve of Spee levelled with continuous archwires in two different retention protocol
Authors: Radia Mansi , Trivedi Kalyani , Shah Alap , Parikh Tilak , Panchal Hemangi 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess the long-term stability of the curve of Spee leveled with continuous archwire in subjects with two different retention protocols.

Materials and Methods:
The study sample consisted of 20 patients (mean age 18 ± 2 years) presenting with curve of Spee depth of =/> 3 mm. For each subject, lateral cephalograms and dental casts were available before treatment (T1), at the end of orthodontic therapy (T2), and 1 year after the end of treatment (T3). All subjects were divided into two groups according to their retention protocol – fixed retainer group (Group-1) and Essix retainer group (Group-2). Cephalometric parameters were used to evaluate the dental movements after treatment. Curve of Spee depth was measured on standardized digital images of casts.

Results:
In multicomparison table, it shows that there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.032) between Spee-T2 and Spee-T3 and there was no statistical difference (P = 0.159) between L1MP-T2 and L1MP-T3 in fixed retainer group. In Essix retainer group, no changes were observed from L1MP-T2 to L1MP-T3 and there was a non-significant difference found between Spee-T2 and Spee-T3.

Conclusion:
In Group-1 (fixed retainer), there is some amount of relapse or extrusion of lower incisor. In Group-2 (Essix retainer), there was not any change in the position of the lower incisor, which suggests that occlusal coverage of the Essix retainer does not allow any extrusion and retains the curve of Spee.
Custom fabrication of cast splint microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliances for treatment of maxillary deficiency in young adults
Authors: Almaqrami Bushra Sufyan , Saireke Huwate , Xiying Wang , Ngan Peter , Hui Cao , Xiong Hui , He Hong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The objective of this article was to illustrate the process in the fabrication of a custom cast splint Microimplant-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) appliance for treatment of maxillary deficiency in young adults.

Findings:
The fabrication of a custom-made MARPE appliance allows the casting base to design according to the shape of the patient’s palate close to the palatal mucosa. In this new design, one end consists of a casting body, inserting hole, and teeth retention device (circumferential rings) connected to the other end by a jackscrew. Connection of all parts in the integral casting unit increases the strength of the expansion appliance and avoids distortion, deformation, or damage to the palatal mucosa due to increased resistance from the oromaxillofacial area.

Conclusion:
This custom design can improve the clinical outcome of maxillary expansion, especially in patients with narrow and high-arched palates.
Do we know how much force we apply with latex intermaxillary elastics?
Authors: Yilmaz Berza Sen , Kara Mihriban , Seker Elif Dilara , Yenidünya Deniz 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the variation of the forces provided by different branded elastics and to compare the force diminution that occurs after 24-h of use in wet environment.

Materials and Methods:
Elastics from four different manufacturer (American Orthodontics [AO], USA; Dentaurum [DENT], Germany; Ormco, USA; RMO, USA) with 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) lumen diameter, and two different force degrees (medium/heavy) were included in the study with a total of eight groups of elastics. First force measurements were performed with 50 elastics of each group at various stretching distances; lumen diameter ×2 (9.52 mm), ×3 (14.28 mm), the average canine-first molar length (22.3 mm), and the canine-second molar length (38.7 mm) under room temperature and dry air conditions. In addition, ten the elastics from each group were stretched at 22.3 mm distance in a custom-made plate and kept in 37°C distilled water. Twenty-four hours later, the force measurements were repeated.

Results:
Regardless of the brand and type (medium-heavy), all the tested elastics showed variations in matter of generated forces at different stretching distances. The variation amount increased as the length of elongation increased. The lowest standard deviation values were observed for both medium and heavy DENT elastic groups. When stretched to 3 times of their lumen size, the medium and heavy elastics both produced either lower or higher forces compared to the levels of force indicated by the manufacturers. The closest mean force to the force level stated by the manufacturer was provided with medium AO (3.6 g difference) elastics and heavy RMO counterparts (7.9 g difference). A significant 20–23% reduction of force was observed in all brands, both in medium and heavy elastics after passing 24-h in aqueous environment. No significant difference was observed in matter of force degradation between groups for both medium and heavy elastics (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The forces exerted by intermaxillary elastics were not found to be standard and the force stated on the package is not always provided precisely. A significant force loss around 20% was observed with all the elastics after 24-h of use in wet environment at 37°C.
Современные интервальные подходы к вычислению решений непрерывных игр
Authors: Kubica B.J. 
Published: October 2021

Computing Nash equilibria in continuous games is a difficult problem, but interval
methods have already been applied to its solution quite successfully. The purpose
of this paper is to briefly survey previous efforts and achievements of the author related
to the topic, and to consider some advanced tools for accelerating the interval
branch-and-bound-type methods. In particular, we discuss computing eigenvalues of
interval matrices, use of algorithmic (automatic) differentiation, memory management
techniques as well as advanced parallelization in both shared-memory and distributedmemory
environments.
Дан краткий анализ результатов исследований по применению интервальных методов для вычисления равновесия по Нэшу в непрерывных играх. Рассмотрены некоторые современные подходы к ускорению интервальных методов типа ветвей и границ. В частности, обсуждаются такие вопросы, как вычисление собственных значений интервальных матриц, использование алгоритмического(автоматического) дифференцирования, методы управления памятью, инструменты распараллеливания в средах с разделяемой и распределенной памятью.
The use of a stationary hypoplastic model for modelling the motion of granular medium
Authors: Потапов И.И. , Решетникова О.В. 
Published: October 2021

Для моделирования движения гранулированной среды предложен вариант стационарной гипопластической модели. С целью решения задачи выбран метод сглаженных частиц, особенностью реализации которого является использование в расчетах комбинированного ядра, с малым параметром сглаживания. Выполнен расчет процесса обрушения песчаного столба и проведено сравнение полученных численных результатов моделирования с известными экспериментальными данными.
Purpose. The aim of this study is а development of mathematical models that describe the complex motion of a granular medium in the process of its disintegration that allows evaluating the possibility of using a simplified stationary hypoplastic model to describe this process. Methodology. To describe the motion of a granular medium, the classical equations of motion and mass conservation were used. The calculation of the deviator of the stress tensor is performed within the framework of a simplified hypoplastic model. The work uses the hypothesis of a linear relationship between the pressure function and the density of the granular medium. This hypothesis is typical for smoothed particle methods, one of the variants of which is proposed for the numerical implementation of the problem. Results. A new mathematical model of the problem of the motion of a granular medium in the process of its disintegration is formulated. An algorithm for solving the problem based on the method of smoothed particles is proposed. The problem of disintegration of a sand pillar is solved numerically. A comparative analysis of the obtained solutions with experimental data is accomplished. Findings. Using the assumption that the propagation velocity of elastic waves that determine the stress-strain state in sand particles is much higher than the velocities of particles arising from sand shedding, an approximate model for calculating the stress state of a moving granular medium based on a stationary hypoplastic model is presented. To solve the problem, the method of smoothed particles with a small smoothing parameter was implemented with the help of a new combined interpolation core in the calculations. To verify the mathematical model and the selected method, the implementation of the smoothed particle method was performed and the problem of disintegration of the sand column was solved. The obtained solution of the problem shows satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Численный анализ законов сгущения сеток для задач со степенными погранслоями первого типа
Authors: Liseikin V.D. , Karasuljic S. 
Published: October 2021

This paper demonstrates results of numerical experiments on some popular and new layer-resolving grids applied for solving one-dimensional singularly-perturbed problems having power of the first type boundary layers.
В статье приведены результаты численных расчетов обыкновенных сингулярно-возмущенных задач, решения которых имеют степенные, первого типа, пограничные слои. Расчеты проведены с использованием как известных адаптивных сеток, сгущающихся в слоях, так и новых. Численные эксперименты демонстрируют преимущество новых сеток.