bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNA-2 gives rise to miR-4485-3p by Dicer processing in vitro
Authors: Farfán Nicole , Sanhueza Nicole , Briones Macarena , Burzio Luis O. , Burzio Verónica A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNAs (ASncmtRNAs) derive from the mitochondrial 16S gene. Knockdown of these transcripts with chemically-modified antisense oligonucleotides induces proliferative arrest, apoptosis and invasiveness reduction in tumor but not normal cells. One of these transcripts, ASncmtRNA-2, contains the complete and identical sequence of hsa-miR-4485-3p and, upon knockdown of this transcript, there is a strong increase in levels of this miRNA, suggesting ASncmtRNA-2 as a source for miR-4485-3p, which is supported by several evidences from our group and others, in the ex vivo setting.

Results
Here we show that incubation of in vitro-transcribed ASncmtRNA-2 with recombinant Dicer produces RNA fragments corresponding to hsa-miR-4485-3p, showing that Dicer binds to and processes ASncmtRNA-2, strongly supporting the hypothesis that ASncmtRNA-2 acts as a precursor for miR-4485-3p.

Conclusion
The in vitro results presented here strengthen the hypothesis that miR-4485-3p is derived from ASncmtRNA-2 by Dicer processing. Since miR-4485-3p is classified as a tumor suppressor miRNA, this evidence strengthens the application of ASncmtRNA knockdown for cancer therapy.
Co-occurrence of planktonic bacteria and archaea affects their biogeographic patterns in China’s coastal wetlands
Authors: Wang Baoli , Liu Na , Yang Meiling , Wang Lijia , Liang Xia , Liu Cong-Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlanktonic bacteria and archaea play a key role in maintaining ecological functions in aquatic ecosystems; however, their biogeographic patterns and underlying mechanisms have not been well known in coastal wetlands including multiple types and at a large space scale. Therefore, planktonic bacteria and archaea and related environmental factors were investigated in twenty-one wetlands along China’s coast to understand the above concerns. The results indicated that planktonic bacteria had different biogeographic pattern from planktonic archaea, and both patterns were not dependent on the wetland's types. Deterministic selection shapes the former’s community structure, whereas stochastic processes regulate the latter’s, being consistent with the fact that planktonic archaea have a larger niche breadth than planktonic bacteria. Planktonic bacteria and archaea co-occur, and their co-occurrence rather than salinity is more important in shaping their community structure although salinity is found to be a main environmental deterministic factor in the coastal wetland waters. This study highlights the role of planktonic bacteria-archaea co-occurrence on their biogeographic patterns, and thus provides a new insight into studying underlying mechanisms of microbial biogeography in coastal wetlands.
Panamax markets behaviour: explaining volatility and expectations
Authors: Karaoulanis Ioannis , Pelagidis Theodore 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the highly volatile Panamax market has many peculiarities; for example, Panamax vessels transport the major and the minor dry bulk cargoes worldwide. In contrast, the variety of cargoes and the flexibility in various trade routes, which the Panamax vessels follow, create a broad market with a relatively open structure. The importance of the Panamax market has also been highlighted by a recently upgraded contribution of the Baltic Panamax Index (BPI) to the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), affecting the progress of the BDI significantly. This paper investigates the behaviour of the Panamax market focusing on expectations and time lags. Expectations play a critical role in the freight market both for short-term and long-term decision making. In particular, we investigate the relationship between time lags and time-charter, trip and spot market rates, and the average earnings of the Panamax vessels of various ages. Time series analysis is used to reach our conclusions. The Hannan–Quinn criterion has been selected to identify the Panamax freight market’s significant lags for 1989–2020. An autoregressive model (AR) has been constructed to perform the statistical analysis. The findings indicate a strong correlation between time lags and the Panamax freight market, forecasting the behaviour of the market indeed. A better understanding of the Panamax market’s behaviour can improve shipowners and charterers’ planning decisions practically.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in Korea: results from the Korean Heart Rhythm Society Ablation Registry for Atrial Fibrillation (KARA)
Authors: Lee Euijae , Park Hyoung-Seob , Han Seongwook , Nam Gi-Byung , Choi Jong-Il , Pak Hui-Nam , Oh Il-Young , Shin Dong-Gu , On Young Keun , Park Sang Weon , Kim Young-Hoon , Oh Seil ,   the KARA investigators, Ahn Jinhee , Ahn Min-Soo , Baek Yong-Soo , Cha Myung-Jin , Cha Tae-Joon , Choi Eue-Keun , Choi Hyung-Oh , Choi Jong-Il , Chun Kwang Jin , Gwag Hye Bin , Han Seongwook , Hwang Youmi , Hyun Dae Woo , Jin Eun-Sun , Kang Ki-Woon , Kim Dae-Hyeok , Kim Dae-Kyung , Kim Dongmin , Kim Ji-Hoon , Kim Jin-Bae , Kim Minsu , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Yoo Ri , Kim Young-Hoon , Ko Jum-Suk , Kwak Jae-Jin , Lee Euijae , Lee Sanghee , Lee So-Ryoung , Lee Sung Ho , Lee Young Soo , Nam Gi-Byung , Namgung Jun , Oh Il-Young , Oh Seil , Oh Yong-Seog , On Young Keun , Pak Hui-Nam , Park Hwan-Cheol , Park Hyoung-Seob , Park Hyung Wook , Park Sang Weon , Park Ye Min , Park Young-Ah , Rhee Kyoung-Suk , Shim Jaemin , Shin Dong-Gu , Song In-Geol , Sung Jung-Hoon , Yang Pil-Sung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the current status of AF (atrial fibrillation) catheter ablation in Korea.

Methods
The patients who underwent AF catheter ablation from September 2017 to December 2019 were prospectively enrolled from 37 arrhythmia centers. Demographic data, procedural characteristics, the extent of catheter ablation, acute success of the ablation lesion set, rate and independent risk factor for recurrence of AF were analyzed.

Results
A total of 2402 AF patients [paroxysmal AF (PAF) 45.7%, persistent AF (PeAF) 43.1% and redo AF 11.2%] were included. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed in 2378 patients (99%) and acute success rate was 97.9%. Additional non-PV ablation (NPVA) were performed in 1648 patients (68.6%). Post-procedural complication rate was 2.2%. One-year AF-free survival rate was 78.6% and the PeAF patients showed poorer survival rate than the ones with other types (PeAF 72.4%, PAF 84.2%, redo AF 80.0%). Additional NPVA did not influence the recurrence of AF in the PAF patients (PVI 17.0% vs. NPVA 14.6%, P value 0.302). However, it showed lower AF recurrence rate in the PeAF patients (PVI 34.9% vs. NPVA 24.4%, P value 0.001). Valvular heart disease, left atrial diameter, PeAF, PVI alone, need of NPVA for terminating AF, and failed ablation were independent predictors of AF recurrence.

Conclusions
Additional NPVA was associated better rhythm outcome in the patients with PeAF, not in the ones with PAF. The independent risk factors for AF recurrence in Korean population were similar to previous studies. Further research is needed to discover optimal AF ablation strategy.
The role of the TNFα-mediated astrocyte signaling pathway in epilepsy
Authors: Chen Rui , Xue Guofang , Hölscher Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is a common disease  in the central nervous system. There is growing evidence that epilepsy is associated with glial cells, including astrocytes. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a “master regulator” of proinflammatory cytokine production and is secreted by microglia and astrocytes. TNFα secreted by microglia can activate astrocytes. Additionally, TNFα can regulate neuron activity and induce epilepsy by increasing the glutamate release, reducing the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, inducing neuroinflammation and affecting the synaptic function in astrocytes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and receptors of TNFα acting on astrocytes that are related to epilepsy and provides insights into the potential therapeutic strategies of epilepsy for clinical practice.
German translation and pre-testing of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC)
Authors: Regauer Verena , Seckler Eva , Campbell Craig , Phillips Amanda , Rotter Thomas , Bauer Petra , Müller Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Implementation frameworks may support local implementation strategies with a sound theoretical foundation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) facilitates identification of contextual barriers and facilitators, and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) allows identifying adequate implementation strategies. Both instruments are already used in German-speaking countries; however, no standardised and validated translation is available thus far. The aim of this study was to translate the CFIR and ERIC framework into German, in order to increase the use of these frameworks and the adherence to evidence-based implementation efforts in German-speaking countries.

Methods
The translation of the original versions of the CFIR and ERIC framework was guided by the World Health Organisation’s recommendations for the process of translating and adapting both conceptual frameworks. Accordingly, a four-step process was employed: first, forward translation from English into German was conducted by a research team of German native speakers with fluent knowledge of the English language. Second, a bilingual expert panel comprising one researcher with German as his mother tongue and expert command of the English language and one English language expert and university teacher reviewed the translation and discussed inconsistencies with the initial translators. Third, back-translation into English was conducted by an English native speaking researcher. The final version was pre-tested with 12 German researchers and clinicians who were involved in implementation projects using cognitive interviews.

Results
The translation and review process revealed some inconsistencies between the original version and the German translations. All issues could be solved by discussion. Central aspects of the items were confirmed in 60 to 70% of the items, and modifications were proposed in 30% of the items. Finally, we revised one CFIR-item heading after pre-testing. The final version was given consent by all involved parties.

Conclusions
Now, two validated and tested implementation frameworks to guide implementation efforts are available in the German language and can be used to increase the application of agreed-on implementation strategies into practice.
Identifying Individualized Risk Profiles for Radiotherapy-Induced Lymphopenia Among Patients With Esophageal Cancer Using Machine Learning
Authors: Zhu Cong , Mohan Radhe , Lin Steven H. , Jun Goo , Yaseen Ashraf , Jiang Xiaoqian , Wang Qianxia , Cao Wenhua , Hobbs Brian P. 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSERadiotherapy (RT)-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is commonly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Using machine learning techniques, a retrospective study was conducted for patients with esophageal cancer treated with proton and photon therapies to characterize the principal pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric risk factors of grade 4 RIL (G4RIL) as well as to establish G4RIL risk profiles.METHODSA single-institution retrospective data of 746 patients with esophageal cancer treated with photons (n = 500) and protons (n = 246) was reviewed. The primary end point of our study was G4RIL. Clustering techniques were applied to identify patient subpopulations with similar pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric characteristics. XGBoost was built on a training set (n = 499) to predict G4RIL risks. Predictive performance was assessed on the remaining n = 247 patients. SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to rank the importance of individual predictors. Counterfactual analyses compared patients' risk profiles assuming that they had switched modalities.RESULTSBaseline absolute lymphocyte count and volumes of lung and spleen receiving ≥ 15 and ≥ 5 Gy, respectively, were the most important G4RIL risk determinants. The model achieved sensitivitytesting-set0.798 and specificitytesting-set0.667 with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCtesting-set) of 0.783. The G4RIL risk for an average patient receiving protons increased by 19% had the patient switched to photons. Reductions in G4RIL risk were maximized with proton therapy for patients with older age, lower baseline absolute lymphocyte count, and higher lung and heart dose.CONCLUSIONG4RIL risk varies for individual patients with esophageal cancer and is modulated by radiotherapy dosimetric parameters. The framework for machine learning presented can be applied broadly to study risk determinants of other adverse events, providing the basis for adapting treatment strategies for mitigation.
Interpretation of Abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test is Enhanced With Use of Synchronous Free Cortisol Assessment
Authors: Genere Natalia , Kaur Ravinder Jeet , Athimulam Shobana , Thomas Melinda A , Nippoldt Todd , Van Norman Molly , Singh Ravinder , Grebe Stefan , Bancos Irina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Interpretation of dexamethasone suppression test (DST) may be influenced by dexamethasone absorption and metabolism and by the altered cortisol binding.

Objective
We aimed to determine the normal ranges of free cortisol during DST in participants without adrenal disorders and to identify the population of patients where post-DST free cortisol measurements add value to the diagnostic workup.

Design and Setting
Cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary medical center.

Participants
Adult volunteers without adrenal disorders (n = 168; 47 women on oral contraceptive therapy [OCP], 66 women not on OCP, 55 men) and patients undergoing evaluation for hypercortisolism (n = 196; 16 women on OCP).

Measurements
Post-DST dexamethasone and free cortisol (mass spectrometry) and total cortisol (immunoassay).

Main Outcome Measures
Reference range for post-DST free cortisol, diagnostic accuracy of post-DST total cortisol.

Results
Adequate dexamethasone concentrations (≥0.1 mcg/dL) were seen in 97.6% volunteers and 96.3% patients. Only 25.5% of women volunteers on OCP had abnormal post-DST total cortisol (&gt;1.8 mcg/dL). In volunteers, the upper post-DST free cortisol range was 48 ng/dL in men and women not on OCP, and 79 ng/dL in women on OCP. When compared with post-DST free cortisol, diagnostic accuracy of post-DST total cortisol was 87.3% (95% CI, 81.7-91.7); all false-positive results occurred in patients with post-DST cortisol between 1.8 and 5 mcg/dL. OCP use was the only factor associated with false-positive results (21.1% vs 4.9%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Post-DST free cortisol measurements are valuable in patients with optimal dexamethasone concentrations and post-DST total cortisol between 1.8 and 5 mcg/dL.
The effect of ingestion of red dragon fruit extract on levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase after strenuous exercise in rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Rusip Gusbakti , Ilyas Syafrudin , Lister I. Nyoman Ehrich , Ginting Chrismis N. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Prolonged activation of skeletal muscles causes a decrease in the production of fatigue. Exercise with strenuous intensity causes an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). An increase in free radicals causes oxidative stress resulting in damage to cell function to mitochondrial dysfunction, and fatigue. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red dragon fruit (RDF) to delay fatigue due to oxidative stress, which improves cell function in mitochondria. Methods: 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged three months were divided into five groups: Group K1 was N.A. (No Activity) but drinking and eating; Group K2 performed strenuous exercise without RDF treatment; Groups 3, 4, and 5 (P1, P2 and P3, respectively) performed strenuous exercise and were treated with 75 mg kg-1.bw, 150 mg kg-1.bw, and 300 mg kg-1.bw of RDF extract, respectively. The exercise for the rats involved intense swimming for 20 minutes every day, four days a week for 31 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured with the ELISA and histopathology for muscle soleus and lung tissue. Results: Strenuous exercise followed by RDF extract ingestion was compared for fatigue in terms of duration and time; before (24.55±1.38 minute) and after (95.31±7.82 minute) and led to a significant difference of 39% (p<0.01). The study also compared MDA before and after RDF extract ingestion in the K2 vs. the P1 group (p<0.05). At the same time, P2 differed more significantly (p<0.01). This indicated a spread of free radicals and featured histopathological damage of muscle cells. However, ingestion of RDF extract leads to improvement of soleus muscle cells; thus, repairs cell function, delaying fatigue. Conclusion: This study confirmed that strenuous exercise, which causes an increase in ROS, intensifies free radicals with RDF extract ingestion and declines oxidative stress, repairing cell function and delaying fatigue.
Distribution of imposter syndrome among medical students of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: SHAHJALAL MD. , Khan Md Nafiul Alam , Mohsin Faroque Md , Rokon Shahariar , Rahman Riaz , Alam Mohammad Morshad , Mahumud Rashidul Alam 
Published: October 2021

Background: Imposter syndrome (IS), suffering from self-doubt and fear, despite clear accomplishment and competencies, is often detected in medical students and adversely affects the well-being of the student. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of IS among public and private medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design among medical students in Bangladesh. Data were collected between February to July 2020 through snowball sampling technique across medical colleges in Bangladesh. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% CI were calculated to investigate the magnitude of association between imposter syndrome exposure and explanatory variables. Results: A total of 500 students participated in this study with approximately 47% and 53% of students studying at public and private medical colleges, respectively. Around 32% of medical students were exposed to IS (47% of public and 53% of private medical college students). Medical students were the most significantly associated with IS for third (RR: 1.487, CI: 1.068-2.071) and fourth-year students (RR: 1.493, CI: 1.043-2.136). Overall, we found that respondents aged 22 to 25 were 3.6% (RR:1.036, CI:0.801-1.339) more likely to be suffering from IS than their younger counterparts. Conclusion: Third and fourth-year medical students, in particular, require more care than others; teachers and authorities should provide them with proper guidance and care, encourage them, and thus grow their self-reliance and confidence.
NMDA receptor modulation and severe acute respiratory syndrome treatment
Authors: Costa Blaise M. 
Published: October 2021

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors is expressed in the human lungs and central nervous system. NMDA receptor potentiation could increase calcium ion influx and promote downstream signaling mechanisms associated with cellular contractions that are disrupted in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Pharmacological effects generated by triggering glutamate receptor function in the brain, coupled with concurrent stimulation of the respiratory tract, may produce a synergetic effect, improving the airway smooth muscle function. A novel multipronged intervention to simultaneously potentiate NMDA receptors expressed both in the central nervous system and airway muscles would be helpful for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome that deteriorates peripheral and central nervous system function before causing death in humans.
Assessment of mathematical competence using the Estonian national e-tests
Authors: Johanson Marje , Pedaste Margus , Pastak Merlin , Täht Karin , Sõrmus Maarja , Jukk Hannes 
Published: October 2021

Eesti matemaatika e-tasemetööde eesmärk on hinnata matemaatika aineteemade õpitulemusi, aga ka matemaatikapädevust kui üldpädevust. Samas on töid koostades lähtutud ülesannete kategoriseerimisel aineteemadest ning puudub ülevaade, kuivõrd hästi võimaldavad e-tasemetööd hinnata matemaatikapädevuse kui üldpädevuse dimensioone. Siinses artiklis antakse ülevaade matemaatikapädevuse käsitustest ja analüüsitakse Eestis põhikooli II kooliastme matemaatika e-tasemetöid, lähtudes matemaatikapädevuse uurimisraamistikust. Tulemused näitasid, et 2020. aasta töös keskenduti kõigile kuuele alampädevusele, kõige enam protseduurilisele pädevusele ja kõige vähem arutluspädevusele. Varasemates töödes on aga osa alampädevusi jäänud hindamata. Samuti ilmnes, et vähe on tähelepanu hinnangu andmisel ning rohkem tõlgendamisel ja pädevuste kasutamisel. Uuringu tulemused aitavad avada matemaatikapädevust kui üldpädevust ning toetada pädevuse hindamist nii tasemetöödes kui ka õpetajate igapäevatöös.
Summary
Current state and development prospects of monitoring systems for objects of the rocket complex "Angara"
Authors: Kuznecov Sergey 
Published: October 2021

The article contains an analysis of the origin, current state and prospects of the development of monitoring systems for the main elements of the "Angara” space rocket complex: space rockets, launching technological equipment (launch pad and cable-refueling tower) and launch facility.
The conclusion is made about the increasing role of measuring systems of this type for ensuring the solution of such problems as: experimental development of the elements of the space rocket complex during its creation and flight design tests, the energy and mass characteristics increase of the Angara family of rockets, improvement of their operation systems in conditions of cosmodrom, safety and reliability maintenance of space rocket elements complex by preventing critical failures and emergencies.