bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pension Fund Monitoring and Corporate Debt Policy: Evidence from the Korean Market*
Authors: Choi Wonseok , Chung Chune Young , Park Jongchan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether the Korean National Pension Service, a corporate watchdog and major long‐term investor in South Korea, positively affects corporate financial policy. The Korean National Pension Service is less likely to influence corporate financial policy even among firms with high uncertainty and information opacity, which increases the importance of large shareholders’ monitoring role. Additionally, ownership by the Korean National Pension Service has statistically insignificant effects on firms’ performance and financial soundness.
Polarities of the Human and Divine: Aquinas and Schmitt on Political Theology
Authors: McCormick William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe investigations of Carl Schmitt yielded an influential but partial recovery of the term “political theology.” In this article, I consider Schmitt's tendentious reduction of political theology to a justifying or legitimizing function. I then turn to Aquinas to demonstrate that Christian political theology also offers robust criticism of political life. After laying out three such standards for criticism, I account for why Christian political theology exhibits this deep ambivalence toward political life. The traditions of political theology, I argue, can be understood as attempts to harmonize polar tensions with those traditions. Whereas thinkers like Schmitt and Foucault emphasize one set of polarities against another, Aquinas effects a genuine synthesis. This synthesis should be the task of political theology. I close with notes toward the renewal of political theology.
Preclinical safety evaluation of amphotericin A21: A novel antifungal
Authors: Ortega‐Blake Ivan , Fernández‐Zertuche Mario , Regla Ignacio , Sánchez‐Peña Walfred , Gómez‐Solis Antonieta , Jaimes‐Chavez Paola , Galván‐Hernández Arturo , Tovar‐Garduño Erika , Rodríguez‐Fragoso Lourdes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSafety studies are essential in drug development. This study evaluates the safety of Amphotericin A21 (AmB‐A21), a derivative of amphotericin B with antifungal therapeutic potential. We performed a chronic toxicity study, a targeted organ study and a dermal irritation test. To evaluate chronic toxicity, 18 male adult rats were treated orally with AmB‐21 (2 mg/kg) for 26 weeks. The effects on body‐weight and animal health were measured, and haematological, clinical chemistry and histopathological tests were conducted on various organs. In the target organ toxicity study, male adult rats received a daily oral dose of AmB‐21 (2 mg/kg) for 6 and 17 weeks; testicle histology and testosterone levels were then evaluated. For the dermal irritation study, AmB‐21 (200 and 1000 mg/kg) was placed on the skin of adult male rabbits; macroscopic and microscopic studies, as well as haematological and clinical chemistry tests were then conducted. The chronic toxicity study revealed that AmB‐21 caused testicle damage, and the testicle‐targeted study showed structural alterations and changes in testosterone levels at 17 weeks. However, these alterations were no longer observed 8 weeks after discontinuation of treatment, and the testes showed very similar characteristics to those in the control group. The dermal irritation study showed skin thickening and reddening in rabbits treated with 2000 mg of AmB‐A21 after 14 days of exposure. This same group also showed changes in liver enzymes, renal parameters and platelet levels. Based on our results, we consider AmB‐21 to be a potential candidate for safe, long‐term antifungal treatment given its reduced side effects.
Prelimbic cortical stimulation disrupts fear memory consolidation through ventral hippocampal dopamine D2 receptors
Authors: Tan Shawn Zheng Kai , Poon Chi Him , Chan Ying‐Shing , Lim Lee Wei 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeAnxiety disorders pose one of the biggest threats to mental health worldwide, yet current therapeutics have been mostly ineffective due to issues with relapse, efficacy and toxicity of the medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders including anxiety, but very little is known about the effects of deep brain stimulation on fear memories.Experimental ApproachIn this study, we employed a standard tone‐footshock fear conditioning paradigm and modified plus maze discriminative avoidance task to probe the effects of prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation on various stages of memory.Key ResultsWe identified memory consolidation stage as a critical time point to disrupt fear memory via prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation. The observed disruption was partially modulated by the inactivation of the ventral hippocampus and the transient changes in ventral hippocampus dopamine (D2) receptors expression upon prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation. We also observed wide‐scale changes of various neurotransmitters and their metabolites in ventral hippocampus, confirming its important role in response to prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings highlight the molecular mechanism in the ventral hippocampus in response to prelimbic cortex stimulation and may have translational value, indicating that targeting the prelimbic cortex in the memory consolidation stage via non‐invasive neuromodulation techniques may be a feasible therapeutic strategy against anxiety disorders.
Families with parental mental illness: Studying a home‐based intervention program
Authors: Oppenheim‐Weller Shani , Shtark Tammi , Aldor Roy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study is the first to systematically examine the implementation of the BROSH program, a therapeutic intervention program developed in Israel for families in which one or both parents suffer from mental illness. The program is multidisciplinary, encompassing the collaboration of four different services. It aims to engage the families into therapy by building a strong working alliance and helping in emotional stress regulation. Further, the program aims to prevent parental hospitalization and children's out‐of‐home placement. We conducted an in‐depth investigation of the functioning of parents and children participating in the program. We analysed protocols that followed 11 families throughout the multidisciplinary professionals' meetings. Our findings indicate that the functioning of parents and children showed positive changes—improved stress regulation by parents and children and more familial engagement in the treatment program. It seems that both parents and children participating in the BROSH program benefitted from it by establishing coping abilities and being able to receive therapeutic help.
Evaluating impacts of forage fish abundance on marine predators
Authors: Free Christopher M. , Jensen Olaf P. , Hilborn Ray 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForage fish—small, low trophic level, pelagic fish such as herrings, sardines, and anchovies—are important prey species in marine ecosystems and also support large commercial fisheries. In many parts of the world, forage fish fisheries are managed using precautionary principles that target catch limits below the maximum sustainable yield. However, there are increasing calls to further limit forage fish catch to safeguard their fish, seabird, and marine mammal predators. The effectiveness of these extra‐precautionary regulations, which assume that increasing prey abundance increases predator productivity, are under debate. In this study, we used prey‐linked population models to measure the influence of forage fish abundance on the population growth rates of 45 marine predator populations representing 32 fish, seabird, and mammal species from 5 regions around the world. We used simulated data to confirm the ability of the statistical model to accurately detect prey influences under varying levels of influence strength and process variability. Our results indicate that predator productivity was rarely influenced by the abundance of their forage fish prey. Only 6 predator populations (13% of the total) were positively influenced by increasing prey abundance and the model exhibited high power to detect prey influences when they existed. These results suggest that additional limitation of forage fish harvest to levels well below sustainable yields would rarely result in detectable increases in marine predator populations.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with poor prognostic factors following transanal endoscopic microsurgery for early rectal cancer
Authors: Javed Muhammad A. , Shamim Sarah , Slawik Simone , Andrews Timothy , Montazeri Amir , Ahmed Shakil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimManagement of early rectal cancer following transanal microscopic anal surgery poses a management dilemma when the histopathology reveals poor prognostic features, due to high risk of local recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oncological outcomes of such patients who undergo surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME), receive adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy (CRDT/RT) or receive close surveillance only (no further treatment).MethodsWe identified patients with poor prognostic factors—pT2 adenocarcinoma, poor differentiation, deep submucosal invasion (Kikuchi SM3), lymphovascular invasion, tumour budding or R1 resection margin—between 1 September 2012 and 31 January 2020 and report their oncological outcomes.ResultsOf the 53 patients, 18 had TME, 14 had CRDT and 14 had RT; seven patients did not have any further treatment. The median follow‐up was 48 months, 12 developed recurrence and six died. Overall, 5‐year survival (OS) was 88.9% and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 79.2%. Compared to the surgical group, in which there were eight recurrences and two deaths, there were zero recurrences or deaths in the CRDT group, log‐rank test P = 0.206 for OS and P = 0.005 for DFS. The 5‐year survival rates in the RT and surveillance only groups were OS 78.6%, DFS 85.7% and OS 71.5%, DFS 71% respectively. TME assessment in the surgical group revealed Grade 3 quality in seven of the 16 available reports.ConclusionThese findings support the strategy of adjuvant CRDT as first line treatment for patients undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery for early rectal cancer with poor prognostic factors on initial histological assessment.
Habitat loss accelerates for the endangered woodland caribou in western Canada
Authors: Nagy‐Reis Mariana , Dickie Melanie , Calvert Anna M. , Hebblewhite Mark , Hervieux Dave , Seip Dale R. , Gilbert Sophie L. , Venter Oscar , DeMars Craig , Boutin Stan , Serrouya Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHabitat loss is often the ultimate cause of species endangerment and is also a leading factor inhibiting species recovery. For this reason, species‐at‐risk legislation, policies and plans typically focus on habitat conservation and restoration as mechanisms for recovery. To assess the effectiveness of these instruments in decelerating habitat loss, we evaluated spatiotemporal habitat changes for an iconic endangered species, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). We quantified changes in forest cover, a key proxy of caribou habitat, for all caribou subpopulations in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Despite efforts under federal and provincial recovery plans, and requirements listed under Canada's Species at Risk Act, caribou subpopulations lost twice as much habitat as they gained during a 12‐year period (2000–2012). Drivers of habitat loss varied by ecotype, with Boreal and Northern Mountain caribou affected most by forest fire and Southern Mountain caribou affected more by forest harvest. Our case study emphasizes critical gaps between recovery planning and habitat management actions, which are a core expectation under most species‐at‐risk legislation. Loss of caribou habitat from 2000 to 2018 has accelerated. Linear features within caribou ranges have also increased over time, particularly seismic lines within Boreal caribou ranges, and we estimated that only 5% of seismic lines have functionally regenerated. Our findings support the idea that short‐term recovery actions such as predator reductions and translocations will likely just delay caribou extinction in the absence of well‐considered habitat management. Given the magnitude of ongoing habitat change, it is clear that unless the cumulative impacts of land‐uses are effectively addressed through planning and management actions that consider anthropogenic and natural disturbances, we will fail to achieve self‐sustaining woodland caribou populations across much of North America.
Multimodality imaging of constrictive pericarditis in H syndrome
Authors: Malakan Rad Elaheh , Yaghmaei Bahareh , Ziaee Vahid , Beirami Farzaneh , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis is the first report of constrictive pericarditis (CP) in a 16‐year‐old boy with H syndrome with pericardial involvement predominantly over the right ventricle with favorable response to anti‐inflammatory treatment. H syndrome, first reported in 2008, is a new auto‐inflammatory syndrome with multiorgan involvement due to mutation in the SLC29A3 gene. We described the echocardiographic characteristics of asymmetric pericardial involvement and presented the cardiac computed tomography angiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. We reviewed the echocardiographic signs of CP, introduced tricuspid E/A respiratory alternans as a novel echocardiographic sign of right ventricular dominant CP, and explained the underlying mechanism.
Microclimatic edge effects in a fragmented forest: disentangling the drivers of ecological processes in plant‐leafminer‐parasitoid food webs
Authors: Bernaschini María Laura , Rossetti María Rosa , Valladares Graciela , Salvo Adriana 
Published: April 2021

1. In forest fragments, microclimatic conditions differ between interior and forest edges and also vary with geographical orientation. These microclimatic variations could affect plant‐insect food webs and the ecological processes in which they are involved.2. We evaluated the effects of microclimatic conditions, and the direct and indirect effects caused by changes in plant resources and leafminer abundance on leafminer herbivory and parasitism in the interior, and north and south‐facing edges of Chaco Serrano forest fragments in central Argentina.3. In the interior, and north and south‐facing edges of six forest fragments, we recorded: microclimatic variables, plant resource characteristics, leaf‐mining larvae availability, and leafminer herbivory and parasitism at plant community level and in three species (Croton lachnostachyus, Cestrum parqui, and Solanum argentinum).4. Herbivory was higher in north‐facing edges compared to south‐facing edges, while parasitism was generally greater in edges than in the interior. Temperature fluctuations positively affected plant community herbivory (through changes in leafminer abundance) but negatively affected S. argentinum herbivory via changes in foliar area and leaf‐mining larvae availability. Lower humidity levels directly favoured parasitism at plant community level, whereas higher thermal variations enhanced the parasitism of S. argentinum leafminers. Greater solar radiation favoured parasitism of C. lachnostachyus leafminers.5. Our results highlighted idiosyncrasy of each studied system (plant community and focal plant species), which responded differently to microclimate, and showed that mechanisms triggering herbivory and parasitism were different. The interior, and north and south‐facing edges of these forest fragments may function as differential micro‐refuges for herbivores and parasitoids under global warming context.
Characterization, in vitro bioactivity and biological studies of sol‐gel‐derived TiO2 substituted 58S bioactive glass
Authors: Moghanian Amirhossein , Nasiripour Saba , Koohfar Atiyyeh , Sajjadnejad Mohammad , Hosseini SeyedMohammad , Taherkhani Mohsen , Miri Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Hesamedin , Aminitabar Mehrnaz , Rashvand Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBioactive glasses (BGs) have been used for bone formation and bone repair processes in recent years. This study investigated the titanium substitution effect on 58S BGs (Ti‐BGs) 60SiO2‐(36 − X)CaO‐4P2O5‐XTiO2 (X = 0, 3, and 5 mol.%) prepared by the sol‐gel technique, and the main goal was to find the optimum amount of titanium in Ti‐BGs. Synthesized BGs, which were investigated after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), were tested by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, 3‐(4,5dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and antibacterial studies were employed to investigate the biological properties of Ti‐BGs. According to the FTIR and XRD test results, hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on Ti‐BGs surfaces was confirmed. Meanwhile, the presence of 5 mol.% compared to 3 mol.% increased the HA grain distribution and their size on the Ti‐BGs surface. Additionally, MTT and ALP results confirmed that the optimal amount of titanium substitution in BG was 5 mol.%. Since 5 mol.% Ti incorporated BG (BG‐5) had the highest biocompatibility level, antibacterial properties, maximum cell proliferation, and ALP activity among the synthesized Ti‐BGs, it is presented as the best candidate for further in vivo investigations.
A tissue‐engineered biocomplex for periodontal reconstruction. A proof‐of‐principle randomized clinical study
Authors: Apatzidou Danae A. , Bakopoulou Athina A. , Kouzi‐Koliakou Kokkona , Karagiannis Vassilis , Konstantinidis Antonis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the safety/efficacy of a tissue‐engineered biocomplex in periodontal reconstruction.MethodsTwenty‐seven intrabony defects were block‐randomized across three treatment groups: Group‐A (NA = 9) received autologous clinical‐grade alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (a‐BMMSCs), seeded into collagen scaffolds, enriched with autologous fibrin/platelet lysate (aFPL). In Group‐B (NB = 10), the collagen scaffold/aFPL devoid of a‐BMMSCs filled the osseous defect. Group‐C (NC = 8) received Minimal Access Flap surgery retaining the soft tissue wall of defects identically with Groups‐A/‐B. Subjects were clinically/radiographically assessed before anaesthesia (baseline) and repeatedly over 12 months.ResultsQuality controls were satisfied before biocomplex transplantation. There were no adverse healing events. All approaches led to significant clinical improvements (p < .001) with no inter‐group differences. At 12 months, the estimated marginal means for all groups were as follows: 3.0 (95% CI: 1.9–4.1) mm for attachment gain; 3.7 (2.7–4.8) mm for probing pocket depth reduction; 0.7 (0.2–1.3) mm increase in recession. An overall greater mean reduction in the radiographic Cemento‐Enamel Junction to Bottom Defect (CEJ‐BD) distance was found for Groups‐A/‐C over Group‐B (p < .023).ConclusionRadiographic evidence of bone fill was less pronounced in Group‐B, although clinical improvements were similar across groups. All approaches aimed to trigger the innate healing potential of tissues. Cell‐based therapy is justified for periodontal reconstruction and remains promising in selected cases.
Triplophysa ferganaensis, a new loach species from Fergana Valley in Central Asia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: Sheraliev Bakhtiyor , Peng Zuogang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTriplophysa ferganaensis sp. nov. is described from the Shakhimardan stream, a small tributary of the Syr Darya, which does not reach the river in Fergana Valley. It can be distinguished from other valid Triplophysa loaches based on the following combination of characters: body smooth and scaleless, lateral line complete, posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated, inner gill rakers 10–11 on the first‐gill arch, outer gill rakers absent, vertebrae 4 + 35–36, 8 + 8 branched caudal‐fin rays, caudal peduncle depth 2.1–2.7 times its length, two supratemporal pores, dorsal‐fin origin closer to the caudal‐fin base than to the snout tip, caudal fin emarginated and pelvic‐fin tip reaching the anus. The new species can also be distinguished from its congeners based on the molecular analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (coI) gene sequences. The phylogenetic position of this new species indicates that it is a sister taxon of Triplophysa tenuis.
Hormonal and neural responses to restraint stress in an animal model of perimenopause in female rats
Authors: Arikawe Adesina Paul , Rorato Rodrigo César , Gomes Nathali , Elias Lucila Leico , Anselmo‐Franci Janete 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the hormonal and neural responses to stress in a perimenopause animal model induced by 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which induces progressive follicular depletion in rodents, allowing studies on the transition to ovarian failure. Female rats, aged 28 days old, were s.c. injected for 15 consecutive days with corn oil or VCD. At 85 ± 5 days after the onset of treatment, the jugular vein was cannulated in the afternoon of metoestrus and in next morning (dioestrus) at 10.00 am, rats were subjected to 30 minutes of restraint stress. Blood samples were withdrawn before (‐5 minutes), during (2, 5, 15 and 30 minutes) and after (45, 60 and 90 minutes) stress and plasma prolactin, progesterone and corticosterone levels were measured. Animals were perfused, brains processed for c‐Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and c‐Fos/corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In unstressed rats the density of β‐endorphin fibres was assessed in LC and PVN. In VCD‐treated rats, stress‐induced prolactin peak was higher, basal and peak progesterone levels were lower, and both levels of corticosterone were similar to controls. However, the recovery period was longer for both adrenal hormones. In VCD‐treated rats the number of c‐Fos/TH and c‐Fos/CRF‐immunoreactive neurones was higher whereas the density of β‐endorphin fibres was lower in LC and PVN. We surmise that the hyperactivity of the LC and PVN neurones in VCD‐treated rats may be a result of the lower progesterone levels that resulted in the decrease of β‐endorphin content in both nuclei, thus impairing the negative‐feedback mechanism in the recovery period.
The association between rosacea and the condition of low tolerance to skincare of the facial skin: a case‐control study in China
Authors: Deng Zhili , Yan Sha , Li Ji , Yao Yanan , Li Guo , Hong Zhiyu , Huang Yingxue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with rosacea often complained of low tolerance to skincare.AimTo examine if the preexisted low tolerance to skincare is associated with rosacea the occurrence of the Chinese population.MethodsA retrospective case‐control survey of 997 rosacea cases and 1012 skin‐healthy controls was carried out in China. Low tolerance to skincare was evaluated based on the history of facial skin allergic reactions related to skincare in the past 5 years before the onset of rosacea. A comparative analysis was performed between the case and control groups by the chi‐square test and the logistic regression analysis.ResultsHistory of facial skin allergic reaction due to skin care products (OR = 5.110, 95% CI = 3.893–6.706) and skin care in beauty salons (OR = 3.002, 95% CI = 1.506–5.981) both presented a positive correlations with the occurrence of rosacea. Facial masks and cosmetics were two of the most common products causing facial allergic reaction. The OR values increased with the increased frequency of allergic reactions related to facial mask and cosmetics. In addition, the history of facial skin allergic reaction had a significantly associated with the severity of self‐reported symptoms of rosacea including dryness, burning, stinging and itching.ConclusionsThe condition of low tolerance of the facial skin to skincare was closely associated with the occurrence of rosacea.