bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconventional Approaches to Light-Promoted Dynamic Surface Morphing on Polymer Films
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Liu Danqing , Ubukata Takashi , Seki Takahiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent progress in research of light-promoted surface morphing on polymer materials is reviewed. Photoinduced mass transport motions in azobenzene polymers leading to surface relief gratings (widely called SRGs) formation are well-known and extensively discussed. Among many efforts, this article focuses on unconventional approaches, most of which are seemingly less highlighted. The first part introduces investigations using azobenzene polymers; introducing supramolecular approaches with tunable and removable azobenzene units, self-structuring of surface morphology upon single laser beam irradiation, photo-triggered migration via Marangoni flow, SRG formation and other functions of polymer brushes etc. The second part overviews the mass transport motions driven by other photoreaction classes such as photopolymerization, photocrosslinking, and photoisomerization of non-azobenzene components. The final part describes new dynamic surface morphing processes observed in fingerprint texture of liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymer networks, which can be applied to reversible friction control and self-cleaning. These uncommon attempts at photo-assisted dynamic morphing extend the possibilities of microfabrication on polymer films and are expected to find new opportunities to create new surface functions in soft materials.
Revisiting dynamic range and image enhancement ability of contemporary digital radiographic systems
Authors: Marinho-Vieira Luiz Eduardo , Martins Luciano Augusto Cano , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Oliveira Matheus L. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To assess the dynamic range and enhancement ability of radiographs acquired with contemporary digital systems. Methods: Five repeated periapical radiographs of human mandibles with an aluminium step-wedge were acquired using two sensor-based and three photostimulable phosphor plate-based systems and an X-ray unit at ten exposure times 0.020, 0.032, 0.063, 0.080, 0.100, 0.200, 0.320, 0.400, 0.500, and 0.630 s. All images had their brightness and contrast enhanced by two experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists in consensus and were exported as both the original and enhanced file formats. Mean grey values were obtained from the aluminium steps and tabulated with their corresponding thicknesses for each exposure time, digital radiographic system, and file format. Images with saturated steps were excluded and the mean grey values from the remaining images were averaged to assess image brightness and the angular coefficient of the linear trendlines was generated from the relationship between mean grey values and their corresponding aluminium thicknesses to assess image contrast. Brightness and contrast values were compared using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey (α = 0.05). Results: Photostimulable phosphor plate-based digital radiographic systems had a broader dynamic range. Longer exposure times produced original images with lower brightness and variable contrast (p < 0.05). Subjective enhancement significantly increased or reduced brightness and/or contrast in some systems (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Contemporary digital radiographic systems present different dynamic ranges and exposure-related brightness and contrast. Image enhancement may be a valuable tool at slightly suboptimal exposure times.
Who accepts nudges? nudge acceptability from a self-regulation perspective
Authors: van Gestel Laurens C. , Adriaanse Marieke A. , de Ridder Denise T. D. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPublic acceptability of nudging is receiving increasingly more attention, but studies remain limited to evaluations of aspects of the nudge itself or (inferred intentions) of the nudger. Yet, it is important to investigate which individuals are likely to accept nudges, as those who are supposed to benefit from the implementation should not oppose it. The main objective of this study was to integrate research on self-regulation and nudging, and to examine acceptability of nudges as a function of self-regulation capacity and motivation.MethodParticipants (N= 301) filled in questionnaires about several components of self-regulation capacity (self-control, proactive coping competence, self-efficacy, perceived control and perceived difficulty) and motivation (autonomous motivation and controlled motivation). To evaluate nudge acceptability, we used three vignettes describing three types of nudges (default, portion size, and rearrangement) that stimulated either a pro-self behavior (healthy eating) or pro-social behavior (sustainable eating) and asked participants to rate the nudges on (aspects of) acceptability.ResultsResults revealed that there were substantial differences in acceptability between the three types of nudges, such that the default nudge was seen as less acceptable and the rearrangement nudge as most acceptable. The behavior that was stimulated did not affect acceptability, even though the nudges that targeted healthy eating were seen as more pro-self than the nudges targeting sustainable eating. From all self-regulation components, autonomous motivation was the only measure that was consistently associated with nudge acceptability across the three nudges. For self-regulatory capacity, only some elements were occasionally related to acceptability for some nudges.ConclusionThe current study thus shows that people are more inclined to accept nudges that target behaviors that they are autonomously motivated for, while people do not meaningfully base their judgments of acceptability on self-regulatory capacity.
COVID-19 testing, timeliness and positivity from ICMR’s laboratory surveillance network in India: Profile of 176 million individuals tested and 188 million tests, March 2020 to January 2021
Authors: Ponnaiah Manickam , Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan , Bhatnagar Tarun , Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley Vivian , Santhosh Kumar Muthusamy , Sabarinathan Ramasamy , Velusamy Saravanakumar , Sabde Yogesh , Singh Harpreet , Murhekar Manoj Vasanth 
Published: December 2021

Background
The Indian Council of Medical Research set up a pan-national laboratory network to diagnose and monitor Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on these data, we describe the epidemiology of the pandemic at national and sub-national levels and the performance of the laboratory network.

Methods
We included surveillance data for individuals tested and the number of tests from March 2020 to January 2021. We calculated the incidence of COVID-19 by age, gender and state and tests per 100,000 population, the proportion of symptomatic individuals among those tested, the proportion of repeat tests and test positivity. We computed median (Interquartile range—IQR) days needed for selected surveillance activities to describe timeliness.

Results
The analysis included 176 million individuals and 188 million tests. The overall incidence of COVID-19 was 0.8%, and 12,584 persons per 100,000 population were tested. 6.1% of individuals tested returned a positive result. Ten of the 37 Indian States and Union Territories accounted for about 75.6% of the total cases. Daily testing scaled up from 40,000 initially to nearly one million in March 2021. The median duration between symptom onset and sample collection was two (IQR = 0,3) days, median duration between both sample collection and testing and between testing and data entry were less than or equal to one day. Missing or invalid entries ranged from 0.01% for age to 0.7% for test outcome.

Conclusion
The laboratory network set-up by ICMR was scaled up massively over a short period, which enabled testing a large section of the population. Although all states and territories were affected, most cases were concentrated in a few large states. Timeliness between the various surveillance activities was acceptable, indicating good responsiveness of the surveillance system.
Prevalence of ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism in the Cuban population
Authors: Rodeiro Guerra Idania , Herrea Jose , Cuétara Elizabeth , Garrido Gabino , Reyes Elizabeth , Martínez Ioanna , Pérez Carlos L. , Fernández Gisselle , Hernández-Balmaseda Ivones , Delgado René , Stingl Julia C. , Berghe Wim Vanden 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives

ABCB1 gene polymorphisms can modify P-glycoprotein function with clinical consequences.

Methods
The 3435C>T polymorphism prevalence was analyzed using oligonucleotide probes and next-generation sequencing in 421 unrelated healthy individuals living in Cuba. Data were stratified by gender, ethnic background and residence. The genotype and allelic frequencies were determined.

Results
The genotype distribution met the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumption. The allelic frequency was 63.5% for the 3435C variant. The genotype frequencies were 41.1% for CC, 44.9% for CT and 14.0% for TT. The allele and genotype distributions differed between individuals living in La Habana and Santiago de Cuba (p<0.05) when ethnic background was analyzed. The allelic distribution was similar among Admixed and Black subjects, and they differed from Caucasians. The CC genotype was equally distributed among Admixed and Black subjects, and they differed from Caucasians. The TT genotype frequency differed between Caucasians and Admixed. The CT genotype was distributed differently among the three groups. Similar distribution was obtained in Brazilians, whereas some similarities were observed in African, Spanish and Chinese populations, consistent with the mixed Cuban ethnic origin.

Conclusions
This is the first report on allele and genotype frequencies of the 3435C>T polymorphism in Cuba, which may support personalized medicine programs.
Degradation product of curcumin restrain Salmonella typhimurium virulent protein L-asparaginase
Authors: Vimal Archana , Siddiqui Mohammad Haris , Verma Ashish , Kumar Awanish 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogen responsible for causing a wide range of infectious diseases. The emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in this microbe is a big challenge. L-asparaginase (less explored drug target) is selected as a drug target because it is actively involved in the virulence mechanism. To block this virulent enzyme, curcumin that is traditionally renowned for its medicinal properties was examined. However, its pharmacological behavior and targeting property is less understood because of its poor bioavailability. Therefore, the present work explores the antimicrobial effect of both curcumin and its degradation product against the MDR pathogen.

Methods
Molecular docking studies were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of curcumin and its degradation product against the L-asparaginase enzyme using Schrodinger Maestro interface tools. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) profile of all the test ligands was also performed.

Results
The docking score of curcumin was −5.465 kcal/mol while its degradation product curcumin glucuronide has the lowest i.e., −6.240 kcal/mol. All the test ligands showed better or comparable docking scores with respect to control (Ciprofloxacin). Arg 142 and Asn 84 amino acid residues of L-asparaginase were found to be interacting with test ligands inside the binding pocket of the target protein. ADME/toxicology study also indicated the potency of curcumin/curcumin degradation products as a potent inhibitor.

Conclusions
It was found that both curcumin and its degradation products have the potential to inhibit Salmonella. This information could be valuable for futuristic drug candidate development against this pathogen and could be a potential lead for mitigation of MDR.
Cost of providing cell-free DNA screening for Down syndrome in Finland using different strategies
Authors: Cuckle Howard , Heinonen Seppo , Anttonen Anna-Kaisa , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A financial analysis is carried out to assess costs and benefits of providing cell-free DNA screening in Finland, using different strategies.

Methods
Three cell-free DNA screening strategies are considered: Primary, all women; Secondary, those with positive Combined test; and Contingent, the 10–30% with the highest Combined test risks. Three costs are estimated: additional cost for 10,000 pregnancies compared with the Combined test; ‘marginal’ cost of avoiding a Down syndrome birth which occurs in a pregnancy that would have been false-negative using the Combined test; and marginal cost of preventing the iatrogenic loss of a non-Down syndrome birth which occurs in a pregnancy that would have been false-positive.

Results
Primary cell-free DNA will require additional funds of €250,000. The marginal cost per Down syndrome birth avoided is considerably less than the lifetime medical and indirect cost; the marginal cost per unaffected iatrogenic fetal loss prevented is higher than one benefit measure but lower than another. If the ultrasound component of the Combined test is retained, as would be in Finland, the additional funds required rise to €992,000. Secondary cell-free DNA is cost-saving as is a Contingent strategy with 10% selected but whilst when 20–30% costs rise they are much less than for the Primary strategy and are cost-beneficial.

Conclusions
When considering the place of cell-free DNA screening it is important to make explicit the additional and marginal costs of different screening strategies and the associated benefits. Under most assumptions the balance is favorable for Contingent screening.
Über die Terminologie der Merkmale der übersetzten Sprache: Normen, Universalien oder Übersetzungsgesetze?
Authors: Valencia Giraldo M. Victoria , Recio Ariza María Ángeles , Corpas Pastor Gloria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is a lack of agreement on the way general features of translational behaviour are termed, defined and operationalised. In addition, most research on this subject has mainly been focused on pinpointing and describing these features, while, apparently, disregarding the factors exerting influence on the recurrence of a specific translational behaviour. In this paper, we will intend to clarify and distinguish between the terminology used for discussing regular tendencies of translational behaviour. Furthermore, we will discuss the reasons why the concept of laws of translation may be more useful than others to describe and explain these features.
Application of Pickering emulsion in oil drilling and production
Authors: Fu Lipei , Ma Qianli , Liao Kaili , An Junnan , Bai Jinmei , He Yanfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When surfactant is used as emulsifier, the stability of emulsion is often greatly reduced with the influence of reservoir conditions (temperature, pressure, salinity, etc.), which shortens the validity period of emulsion. Pickering emulsion has a wide range of applications in the oil and gas field due to its advantages of good stability and easy regulation. In this article, the formation, stabilization mechanism, and influencing factors of Pickering emulsions were introduced, and the application status and prospects of Pickering emulsions in oil and gas field were summarized. It was pointed out that Pickering emulsion has many advantages and important research value when applied in deep strata and complicated reservoirs. It is expected that this article can effectively reflect the application value of Pickering emulsion in oil and gas field and promote the application of Pickering emulsion in petroleum industry.
From Natural Tendencies to Perceptual Interests and Motivation in Plato’s

Timaeus
Authors: Remes Pauliina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the Timaeus, human bodies are treated as homeostatic systems, striving to maintain their natural state. This striving constitutes Plato’s explanatory framework for perception: perceptions come about when the equilibrium is shaken, and when it is restored. The article makes two main suggestions: first, that experienced pleasure and pain are grounded in non-experiential departures from and restorations of the natural state. Second, that the striving to maintain the natural state grounds perceptual interests, especially through conscious algesic and hedonic affection. Explanation of what humans find desirable and avoidable in their environment – what they attend to – is a complicated story that in the context of the Timaeus must include the role of human rational abilities. This article, however, only sheds light on its other, very basic aspect: the teleology involved in bodies and how it affects perceptual interests.
Trade Potential in Arab Nations: The Case of the GCC and PAFTA
Authors: Dadakas Dimitrios 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We examine trade flows for Arab nations concentrating on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Pan-Arab Free Trade Area (PAFTA) areas, to identify opportunities to enhance intra-Arab trade and facilitate regional integration. We employ panel data for the years 2003–2017 and a structural gravity model together with an “aggregate” trade potential measure that treats the GCC and PAFTA areas as single countries. Results suggest that, by 2015, intra-area trade had reached maximum capacity for both blocs. Potential to trade also reached capacity with many of the largest Free Trade Areas around the world, however, opportunities for trade expansion that still exist with the MERCOSUR and ASEAN, as well as many distinct destinations, can assist in strategic planning to enhance integration efforts.
Analgesic use in adolescents with patellofemoral pain or Osgood–Schlatter Disease: a secondary cross-sectional analysis of 323 subjects
Authors: Andreucci Alessandro , Roos Ewa M. , Rasmussen Sten , Olesen Jens L. , Hölmich Per , Thorborg Kristian , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of pain medication use for adolescent knee pain and factors associated with use are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the self-reported use of pain medication for knee pain and identify factors associated with use in adolescents (age 10–19) with longstanding knee symptoms.

Methods
In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we performed a secondary analysis of data previously collected in 323 adolescents with longstanding knee pain. Factors associated with pain medication use were assessed using multivariable logistic regressions. Analyses were repeated with stratification by age, sex, sport participation frequency, knee pain duration, and knee pain intensity.

Results
Among 323 adolescents (mean age 14.4 ± 2.5, 73% female), 84% had patellofemoral pain, (peri- or retro-patellar pain during loaded bending of the knee) and 16% had Osgood–Schlatter Disease (apophysitis with swelling and localized pain at the tibial tuberosity). Twenty-one percent (95% CI 16–25%) of adolescents reported pain medication use for their knee pain, with no difference in usage between those ≤ vs. > 15 years of age (21%, 95% CI 16–27% vs. 20%, 95% CI 13–29%). Adolescents with patellofemoral pain reported greater usage than their counterparts with Osgood–Schlatter Disease (22%, 95% CI 17–28% vs. 12%, 95% CI 4.5–24.3%). The most consistent factor associated with use was knee-related symptoms, observed in both the overall (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99) and stratified analyses (ORs ranged from 0.89 to 0.96).

Conclusions
Approximately one in five adolescents with longstanding knee pain reported pain medication use, particularly in adolescents with patellofemoral pain. Knee-related symptoms most consistently associated with the use of pain medications in this population. Future longitudinal studies with data collected at multiple time-points are needed to validate these findings.

Implications
Self-reported pain medication use is common in adolescents with longstanding knee pain, even though whether pharmacological therapy is the best pain management option at this young age is debatable. Reliance on pain medication at an early age could potentially hamper the development of healthy pain coping strategies and increase the risk of dependence and misuse later in life. Future studies should assess the safety, efficacy, and risks of long-term use of pain medications for adolescent knee pain.
Position-Specific Physical Workload Intensities in American Collegiate Football Training
Authors: Mamon Mark A. , Olthof Sigrid B.H. , Burns Geoffrey T. , Lepley Adam S. , Kozloff Kenneth M. , Zernicke Ronald F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
MamonJr, MA, Olthof, SBH, Burns, GT, Lepley, AS, Kozloff, KM, and Zernicke, RF. Position-specific physical workload intensities in American collegiate football training. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 420–426, 2022—Quantifying player training loads allows football coaching staff to make informed adjustments to the volume and intensity of training. Physical workload intensity in American football practices have not been extensively quantified. The current study examined physical workload intensities across positions in American collegiate football during training. Data from player tracking technology (Catapult Vector) were collected from 72 American football players (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I) during in-season practices. Players were involved in individualized skill (indy), team playbook (team), and special team (ST) drills during practice and analyzed for their specialist offensive or defensive role (e.g., linebacker or wide receiver). Player running (i.e., high-speed running and sprint) and accelerations (i.e., high-intensity PlayerLoad and high-intensity inertial movement analysis) per minute were of interest. Drill type and practice day had significant effects on all workload intensity metrics (p < 0.01), but not position. Greater running intensities were seen in ST drills compared with other drill types. Tuesday practice sessions had greater overall intensities compared with other days. Interaction effect of position and drill type was significant (p < 0.001) for all intensity metrics, indicating that position groups exhibited unique workload responses to the drill types. Drill type and practice day interaction effect was significant for all intensity metrics (p < 0.01). The findings may be informative for coaches to tailor physical workloads of practice drills for positional roles in preparation for games and practices. Player tracking technology can add value for strength and conditioning coaches to adjust training programs based on position-specific on-field demands of players.