bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulação de segmentos de energia elétrica de média tensão: Qual modelo utilizar?
Authors: Diefenthäler Andressa Tais , Sausen Airam T. Z. R. , Sausen Paulo S. , Campos Maurício De 
Published: May 2021

A modelagem matemática de linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica é uma importante ferramenta para o planejamento de operação e expansão dos sistemas elétricos, principalmente diante da transformação das redes elétricas atuais em redes inteligentes. A literatura apresenta diferentes modelos matemáticos e circuitos elétricos para a simulação de linhas de transmissão. Nesse contexto, esse artigo objetiva fornecer subsídios para a escolha de um modelo matemático adequado para a representação de segmentos urbanos e rurais da rede elétrica de média tensão, a partir da realização da simulação, validação e análise comparativa de modelos utilizando dados reais. Os dados foram obtidos de medições realizadas em duas linhas curtas da rede elétrica de duas concessionárias da região sul do Brasil. A modelagem matemática das linhas de transmissão é realizada a partir dos modelos PI, Bergeron, J. Marti (domínio modal) e Universal Line Model (domínio de fases) no software PSCAD. Os resultados das simulações possibilitam a validação, determinação da acurácia e análise comparativa dos modelos para diferentes segmentos da rede elétrica (urbano e rural). A partir da análise dos resultados das simulações é possível observar que todos os modelos avaliados representam acuradamente a predição da tensão de saída de uma linha curta de média tensão. No entanto, o modelo PI é indicado, por requerer menor número de parâmetros, quando comparado aos demais modelos de linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica.
Ex Juvantibus Diagnosis of Recurrent Granulomatous Flexor Tenosynovitis: Insidious Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Emir Halilbasic , Eldar Brkic , Kasumovic Merima , Zlatan Mehmedovic , Almir Sakic 
Published: May 2021

Objective
We report a case of recurrent painful and disabling granulomatous flexor tenosynovitis of the right wrist in 50-year-old female patient.

Summary of background data
The proper diagnosis was made ex juvantibus after repeated cultivation of Mycobacteria yielded negative results and local disease control was surgically unsuccessful.

Methods
It was then decided to start at first with oral clarithromycin at 500 mg, 2 times daily, during 6-month period throughout which there was no sign of local recurrence. However, synovectomy had to be performed 3 times in total during the period of 2 years. Although the noninfectious causes were excluded, and infectious agent was not to be determined, the decision was made to administer full anti-tuberculosis medication therapy. At about the same time, we were finally able to obtain a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture after a sudden onset of right axillary lymphadenitis, but only two and half years from the occurrence of first symptoms related to right wrist tenosynovitis.
Addressing the inappropriate use of force by police in the United States and beyond: A behavioral and social science perspective
Authors: Boxer Paul , Brunson Rod K. , Gaylord‐Harden Noni , Kahn Kimberly , Patton Desmond U. , Richardson Joseph , Rivera Luis M. , Smith Lee Jocelyn R. , Staller Mario S. , Krahé Barbara , Dubow Eric F. , Parrott Dominic , Algrim Kaylise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent high‐profile incidents involving the deadly application of force in the United States sparked worldwide protests and renewed scrutiny of police practices as well as scrutiny of relations between police officers and minoritized communities. In this report, we consider theinappropriate use of force by policefrom the perspective of behavioral and social science inquiry related to aggression, violence, and intergroup relations. We examine the inappropriate use of force by police in the context of research on modern policing as well as critical race theory and offer five recommendations suggested by contemporary theory and research. Our recommendations are aimed at policymakers, law enforcement administrators, and scholars and are as follows: (1) Implement public policies that can reduce inappropriate use of force directly and through the reduction of broader burdens on the routine activities of police officers. (2) For officers frequently engaged in use‐of‐force incidents, ensure that best practice, evidence‐based treatments are available and required. (3) Improve and increase the quality and delivery of noncoercive conflict resolution training for all officers, along with police administrative policies and supervision that support alternatives to the use of force, both while scaling back the militarization of police departments. (4) Continue the development and evaluation of multicomponent interventions for police departments, but ensure they incorporate evidence‐based, field‐tested components. (5) Expand research in the behavioral and social sciences aimed at understanding and managing use‐of‐force by police and reducing its disproportionate impact on minoritized communities, and expand funding for these lines of inquiry.
Avoidable Acute Care Use for Vaccine‐Preventable Illnesses Among Medicaid Beneficiaries With Lupus
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Xu Chang , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveNearly 25% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are hospitalized yearly, often for outcomes that may have been avoided if patients had received sustained outpatient care. We examined acute care use for vaccine‐preventable illnesses to determine sociodemographic contributors and modifiable predictors.MethodsUsing US Medicaid claims from 29 states (2000–2010), we identified adults (18–65 years) with prevalent SLE and 12 months of enrollment prior to the first SLE code (index date) to identify baseline data. We defined acute care use for vaccine‐preventable illnesses as emergency department (ED) or hospital discharge diagnoses for influenza, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, herpes zoster, high‐grade cervical dysplasia/cervical cancer, and hepatitis B after the index date. We estimated the incidence rate of vaccine‐preventable illnesses and used Cox regression to assess risk (with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals) by sociodemographic factors and health care utilization, adjusting for vaccinations, comorbidities, and medications.ResultsAmong 45,654 Medicaid beneficiaries with SLE, <10% had billing claims for vaccinations. There were 1,290 patients with ≥1 ED visit or hospitalization for a vaccine‐preventable illness (6.6 per 1,000 person‐years); 93% of events occurred in unvaccinated patients. Patients who were Black compared to White had 22% higher risk. Greater outpatient visits were associated with lower risk.ConclusionMedicaid beneficiaries with SLE who are not vaccinated are at risk for potentially avoidable acute care use for vaccine‐preventable illnesses. Racial disparities were noted, with a higher risk among Black patients compared to White patients. Greater outpatient use was associated with reduced risk, suggesting that access to ambulatory care may reduce avoidable acute care use.
A Facile Magnetic System for Tracking of Medical Devices
Authors: Swanepoel Liam , Alsharif Nouf , Przybysz Alexander , Fourie Pieter , Goussard Pierre , Khan Mohammad Asadullah , Almansouri Abdullah , Kosel Jurgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe largest disadvantage of modern day minimally invasive surgery is the required use of X‐ray or fluoroscopic imaging for locating or tracking medical catheters and tubes. The implications are increased costs and effort, limited availability for instance in less developed countries, and the cumulative exposure to contrast dyes and ionizing radiation are detrimental to health, especially in young patients and neonates with increased sensitivity. In order to reduce the use of X‐ray imaging and provide a wider accessibility, a facile magnetic system is proposed for subcutaneous medical device localization. It consists of a lightweight and flexible, biocompatible, and permanent magnet at the tip of the subcutaneous device and a sensing device to scan the dermal surface and locate the magnetic tip. The mechanical and magnetic properties of the magnetic tip are tailored to fit the requirements of the delicate catheter application. Evaluation of the tracking system using a 5 Fr magnetic tip resulted in a depth‐dependent position and orientation error of 0.75 mm and 3.7°. Additionally, a maximum placement depth error of 0.96 mm is achieved. Evaluation of the system in vivo revealed its practicality and accuracy as well as the influence of potential user errors.
Enantioselective Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Derivatives Using Electrophilic Open‐Chain N‐Activated Ketimines
Authors: Lupidi Gabriele , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: May 2021

AbstractN‐Activated ketimines are characterized by the presence of acyl, sulfonyl, and phosphinoyl groups linked to the nitrogen atom of the azomethine system. These electron‐withdrawing groups enhance the electrophilic character of the imino moiety allowing the addition of even weak nucleophilic reagents. The presence of the oxygen atoms in these activating groups with its coordinating and Lewis or Brønsted properties is of paramount importance in asymmetric catalyzed reactions. This review collects the results that have appeared in the literature during the last two decades on the utilization of open‐chain N‐activated ketimines for the synthesis of optically active α‐disubstituted and α‐trisubstituted amino derivatives including nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds.magnified image
Thiophene Derivative‐Loaded Nanoparticles Mediate Anticancer Activity Through the Inhibition of Kinases and Microtubule Assembly
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Somaya A. , Wafa Emad I. , Ebeid Kareem , Geary Sean M. , Naguib Youssef W. , El‐Damasy Ashraf K. , Salem Aliasger K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives are explored as new tubulin polymerization destabilizers to arrest tumor cell mitosis. A series of compounds incorporating the tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene scaffold are synthesized, and their biological activities are investigated. The cytotoxicity of each of the synthesized compounds is assessed against a range of cell lines. Specifically, the benzyl urea tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivative, 1‐benzyl‐3‐(3‐cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)urea (BU17), is identified as the most potent compound with broad‐spectrum antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines. The potential mechanism(s) of action are investigated where dose‐dependent G2/M accumulation and A549 cell cycle arrest are detected. Additionally, A549 cells treated with BU17 express enhanced levels of caspase 3 and 9, indicating the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, it is found that BU17 inhibits WEE1 kinase and targets tubulin by blocking its polymerization. BU17 is also formulated into PLGA nanoparticles, and it is demonstrated that BU17‐loaded nanoparticles can significantly enhance antitumor activity compared to the soluble counterpart.
Type‐I Energy Level Alignment at the PTCDA—Monolayer MoS2 Interface Promotes Resonance Energy Transfer and Luminescence Enhancement
Authors: Park Soohyung , Mutz Niklas , Kovalenko Sergey A. , Schultz Thorsten , Shin Dongguen , Aljarb Areej , Li Lain‐Jong , Tung Vincent , Amsalem Patrick , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Stähler Julia , Xu Xiaomin , Blumstengel Sylke , Koch Norbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures consisting of 2D semiconductors and conjugated molecules are of increasing interest because of the prospect of a synergistic enhancement of (opto)electronic properties. In particular, perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on monolayer (ML)‐MoS2 has been identified as promising candidate and a staggered type‐II energy level alignment and excited state interfacial charge transfer have been proposed. In contrast, it is here found with inverse and direct angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy that PTCDA/ML‐MoS2 supported by insulating sapphire exhibits a straddling type‐I level alignment, with PTCDA having the wider energy gap. Photoluminescence (PL) and sub‐picosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that resonance energy transfer, i.e., electron–hole pair (exciton) transfer, from PTCDA to ML‐MoS2 occurs on a sub‐picosecond time scale. This gives rise to an enhanced PL yield from ML‐MoS2 in the heterostructure and an according overall modulation of the photoresponse. These results underpin the importance of a precise knowledge of the interfacial electronic structure in order to understand excited state dynamics and to devise reliable design strategies for optimized optoelectronic functionality in van der Waals heterostructures.
Determining an ideal sampling density for microbial community analyses of farm fields
Authors: Rottler Caitlin M. , Martyn Trace E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil microbial communities represent an important indicator of soil health. Laboratories that provide microbial community analyses to farmers recommend submitting a single sample comprising 12–15 soil cores mixed together, but the instructions do not specify field size. Soil cores can be time consuming to collect and analyses are expensive to run, so it is important to identify the number of samples necessary to return reliable data without becoming unnecessarily time consuming to collect. In this study, we tested different sample densities using samples taken from five fields in Oklahoma and one in Kansas. The amount of variation in abundance of some microbial groups decreased significantly with increasing sample density, suggesting that higher sampling densities are preferable to lower ones. In addition, results indicate that changing sampling densities has the potential to introduce variation. Sampling density should therefore be maintained when samples are to be compared with one another.
Hydrothermal stability of fluorine‐induced microporous silica membranes: Effect of steam treatment conditions
Authors: Kanezashi Masakoto , Hataoka Naoya , Ikram Rana , Nagasawa Hiroki , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA fluorine‐SiO2 membrane was prepared using triethoxyfluorosilane (TEFS) as a Si precursor, and its hydrothermal stability was evaluated. The TEFS membrane calcined at 750°C had fewer Si‐OH and Si‐F groups in its network structure and showed H2 permeance that was greater than 10−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2/N2 and N2/SF6 permeance ratios of 10 and 210, respectively. This membrane performance was relatively stable under the temperature (< 500°C) used for steam treatment, regardless of the steam partial pressure (30, 90 kPa). On the other hand, when the steam treatment temperature was increased beyond 500°C, gas permeance decreased significantly and the membrane became highly selective for He and H2 over smaller molecules (He/N2: > 600, H2/N2: > 100). The relationship between the activation energy of H2 and the permeance ratios (He/H2, He/H2O, H2/H2O) of a TEFS‐derived membrane under steam treatment higher than 600°C resulted in a network pore size that approximated in conventional microporous SiO2 membranes.
DEM investigation on the breakage of spherical aggregate under multi‐contact loadings
Authors: Liu Xiaoxing , Wang Yongchang , Zhang Zengxu , Yu Yin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParticle crushing is commonly encountered during the storage, transportation, and handling of granular assemblies. This work is aimed at ascertaining the applicability of four particle breakage criteria frequently mentioned in literature. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations were conducted to investigate the crushing of spherical aggregates under multicontact loadings. Mean and major principal stress criteria, octahedral shear stress criterion, and maximal contact force (MCF) criterion were then evaluated based on the obtained DEM results. It is found that the first three parameters all vary with the number of loading contacts, demonstrating they cannot predict the crushing of particles under arbitrary loading configuration. Simulation results indicate that the MCF at crushing is related to the number and the spatial arrangement of loading contacts. Thus, strictly speaking, this parameter cannot uniquely define particle breakage either. The influences of the microstructural heterogeneity on the breakage strength of particle and also on the applicability of MCF criterion are discussed.
Novel GUCY2C variant causing familial diarrhea in a Mennonite kindred and a potential therapeutic approach
Authors: Wolfe Rachel M. , Mohsen Al‐Walid , Walsh Vockley Cate , Bertrand Carol A. , Nicholls Robert D. , Heiman Paige , Seibold Leah M. , Vockley Jerry , Ghaloul‐Gonzalez Lina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGuanylate cyclase 2C (GC‐C), encoded by the GUCY2C gene, is implicated in hereditary early onset chronic diarrhea. Several families with chronic diarrhea symptoms have been identified with autosomal dominant, gain‐of‐function mutations in GUCY2C. We have identified a Mennonite patient with a novel GUCY2C variant (c.2381A > T; p.Asp794Val) with chronic diarrhea and an extensive maternal family history of chronic diarrhea and bowel dilatation. Functional studies including co‐segregation analysis showed that all family members who were heterozygous for this variant had GI‐related symptoms. HEK‐293 T cells expressing the Asp794Val GC‐C variant showed increased cGMP production when stimulated with Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin STp (HST), which was reversed when 5‐(3‐Bromophenyl)‐5,11‐dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,6(3H)‐trione (BPIPP; a GC‐C inhibitor) was used. In addition, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity measured with SPQ fluorescence assay was increased in these cells after treatment with HST, indicating a crucial role for CFTR activity in the pathogenesis of this disorder. These results support pathogenicity of the GC‐C Asp794Val variant as a cause of chronic diarrhea in this family. Furthermore, this work identifies potential candidate drug, GC‐C inhibitor BPIPP, to treat diarrhea caused by this syndrome.
Thiocyanation/Cyclization of γ‐hydroxy Olefins to Access Thiocyanato‐Containing Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Long Pingliang , Fu Zhenda , Wu Di , Chen Fu‐Xue , Yin Hongquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new thiocyanation/cyclization reaction was developed to synthesize thiocyanato‐containing oxygen heterocyclic compounds with terminal and non‐terminal enols. The approach supplies an efficient method to build the multi‐substituted ring and spiro ring structure of furan, which has a wide range of substrates, good functional group tolerance, and the desired products can be obtained in a medium to high yield.
Ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor based on the block copolymer of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) containing rhodamine 6G and 1,8‐naphthalimide moieties
Authors: Kong Fan , Jia Xueli , Zhang Shuting , Lin Mengqi , Cheng Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have synthesized an amphiphilic block copolymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) containing 1,8‐naphthalimide and spirolactam rhodamine 6G moieties via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) block well matches the absorption spectrum of the 1,8‐naphthalimide moiety and the enhanced emission with a peak at 510 nm from the 1,8‐naphthalimide moiety is found in the block copolymer film for excitation at 330 nm. The 560‐nm emission from the rhodamine 6G moiety is observed as the block copolymer film sprayed by Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffers or Fe3+ aqueous solutions for excitation at 330 and 400 nm. The PL intensity at 560 nm is markedly increased for the pH value of the B‐R buffer lower than 3.0 or the Fe3+ concentration in water higher than 5 × 10−4 M. The 560‐nm PL intensity is much higher for the block copolymer film photoexcited at 330 nm than that photoexcited at 400 nm due to double‐step resonance energy transfer. The PL intensity ratio of 560 to 510 nm (I560/I510) is dependent on the resonance energy transfer from 1,8‐naphthalimide to rhodamine 6G, which is sensitive to the concentrations of H+ and Fe3+ ions in water.
Correlating the 3D melt electrospun polycaprolactone fiber diameter and process parameters using neural networks
Authors: Lakshmi Narayana Pasupuleti , Wang Xiao‐Song , Yeom Jong‐Taek , Maurya Anoop Kumar , Bang Won‐Seok , Srikanth Ommi , Harinatha Reddy Maddika , Hong Jae‐Keun , Subba Reddy Nagireddy Gari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we developed an artificial neural networks (ANN) model to predict and analyze the polycaprolactone fiber diameter as a function of 3D melt electrospinning process parameters. A total of 35 datasets having various combinations of electrospinning writing process variables (collector speed, tip to nozzle distance, applied pressure, and voltage) and resultant fiber diameter were considered for model development. The designed stand‐alone ANN software extracts relationships between the process variables and fiber diameter in a 3D melt electrospinning system. The developed model could predict the fiber diameter with reasonable accuracy for both train (28) and test (7) datasets. The relative index of importance revealed the significance of process variables on the fiber diameter. Virtual melt spinning system with the mean values of the process variables identifies the quantitative relationship between the fiber diameter and process variables.
Global birth defects app: An innovative tool for describing and coding congenital anomalies at birth in low resource settings
Authors: Dolk Helen , Leke Aminkeng Zawuo , Whitfield Phil , Moore Rebecca , Karnell Katy , Barišić Ingeborg , Barlow‐Mosha Linda , Botto Lorenzo D. , Garne Ester , Guatibonza Pilar , Godfred‐Cato Shana , Halleux Christine M. , Holmes Lewis B. , Moore Cynthia A. , Orioli Ieda , Raina Neena , Valencia Diana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have difficulty in obtaining accurate information about congenital anomalies.MethodsAs part of the ZikaPLAN project, an International Committee developed an app for the description and coding of congenital anomalies that are externally visible at birth, for use in low resource settings. The “basic” version of the app was designed for a basic clinical setting and to overcome language and terminology barriers by providing diagrams and photos, sourced mainly from international Birth Defects Atlases. The “surveillance” version additionally allows recording of limited pseudonymized data relevant to diagnosis, which can be uploaded to a secure server, and downloaded by the surveillance program data center.ResultsThe app contains 98 (88 major and 10 minor) externally visible anomalies and 12 syndromes (including congenital Zika syndrome), with definitions and International Classification of Disease v10 ‐based code. It also contains newborn examination videos and links to further resources. The user taps a region of the body, then selects among a range of images to choose the congenital anomaly that best resembles what they observe, with guidance regarding similar congenital anomalies. The “basic” version of the app has been reviewed by experts and made available on the Apple and Google Play stores. Since its launch in November 2019, it has been downloaded in 39 countries. The “surveillance” version is currently being field‐tested.ConclusionThe global birth defects app is a mHealth tool that can help in developing congenital anomaly surveillance in low resource settings to support prevention and care.