bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical and thermal performances of epoxy-based micro–nano hybrid composites at different electric fields and temperatures
Authors: Dai Chao , Chen Xiangrong , Wang Qilong , Awais Muhammad , Zhu Guangyu , Shi Yiwen , Paramane Ashish , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the electrical and thermal properties of pure epoxy resin (EP) and its micro–nano hybrid composites (20 wt% micro-AlN fillers with 1 wt% and 3 wt% nano-Al2O3 fillers; 50% micro-AlN with 3% nano-Al2O3 fillers) for power electronic packaging applications. Electrical properties such as space charge distribution, electrical conductivity and surface potential decay are measured. The thermal performance of the fabricated samples is estimated using thermal analysis devices. The hybrid composite consisting of 20 wt% micro-AlN and 1 wt% nano-Al2O3 fillers exhibits the least space charge accumulation, higher thermal conductivity and better thermal stability. However, the excessive addition adversely affects space charge and electrical conductivity properties. The micro–nano hybrid composites significantly exhibit higher electrical conductivity than pure EP. The microfiller addition from 20 wt% to 50 wt% significantly improves the thermal conductivity of the EP. The reduced space charge injection and accumulation in the hybrid micro–nano composites are attributed to the enhancement of the injection barrier and reduction of the charge carrier traps in these materials. A theoretical mechanism of the charge dynamics inside the samples under different test conditions is proposed to support the experimental results.
Using a safe and effective fixative to improve the immunofluorescence staining of bacteria
Authors: Sun Jian , Mao Yuantian , Cui Lanyu , Cao Yongqiang , Li Zhao , Ling Min , Xu Xiaoping , He Shengbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The emerging and development of green chemistry has once again drawn the researchers’ attention to eliminating the use and generation of hazardous materials. Here we report the use of a safe and effective fixative, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), instead of traditional hazardous fixatives for the cross-linking of cellular proteins to improve immunofluorescence staining of bacteria. The concentration of ClO2 needed for 100% fixation is 50 μg ml−1, which is much lower than that of traditional fixatives (1000–10000 μg ml−1). The ClO2 mediated cross-linking can preserve the integrity of bacterial cells and prevent cell loss through lysis. Meanwhile, lysozyme can permeabilize the bacterial cells, allowing the labelled antibodies to diffuse to their intracellular target molecules. By using E. coli O157:H7/RP4 as a gram-negative bacteria model, immunofluorescence staining assays for both intracellular protein and surface polysaccharide were carried out to investigate the effect of ClO2 fixation on the staining. The results demonstrated that ClO2 fixation could prevent the target antigens from cracking off the bacteria without damage on the interaction between the antibodies and antigens (either for polysaccharide or protein). As a safe and effective fixative, ClO2 has potential practical applications in immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization for single bacteria/cell analysis.
Secondary ignition of carbon-based bridge coating triggered by low voltage
Authors: Dangjuan Li , Wenbin Zhang , Siyu Li , Kexuan Wang , Changxu Hao , Junhong Su , Wu Shenjiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the goal of reducing ignition voltage, a new type of carbon-based bridge coating (CBBC) was prepared, and its ignition performance was investigated. The size of the bridge area with the lowest ignition voltage was determined, and a secondary ignition phenomenon that occurred during the experiment was analyzed. Self-made conductive carbon paste was printed on the Al2O3substrate by a screen printing process, and the ignition bridge was shaped using laser etching technology. Both ends of the CBBC were coated with conductive silver paste and lead on their electrodes. A stabilized DC power supply was used for the ignition experiment. The ignition performance of the CBBCs under different bridge sizes was measured, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization and analysis were performed on the surface of the ignition bridge area before and after the experiment. The CBBCs with a bridge area size of 300 × 300μm could be ignited at or under 24 V, and only part of the CBBCs could be triggered when the bridge area size was 500 × 500μm. Further, the ignition voltage may have been influenced by the poor uniformity of the coating thickness. Overall, the results demonstrate the following: (1) The CBBCs prepared in this experiment could be fully ignited at a voltage of 24 V, (2) a bridge size of 300 × 300μm could ensure stable ignition with low voltage, and (3) the tip discharge caused by the first fuse of the CBBCs was the root cause of the secondary ignition.
Comparative study on two different methods for fabrication of sustained release boscalid based on mesoporous silica
Authors: Li Wenjing , Xu Xuewan , Pan Hua , Wu Litao , Bai Shiyang , Sun Jihong , Zhang Fang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, boscalid silica nanosphere nanoparticles (Bos@SNS/t Nps) and boscalid bimodal mesoporous silicas material nanoparticles (Bos@BMMs Nps) were prepared using two different methods. A comparative study on characteristics and properties of two nanospheres were conducted. Both nanoparticles had spherical shapes with average diameters of 719.3 ± 6.3 nm (Bos@BMMs) Nps and 981.3 ± 4.8 nm (Bos@SNS/t) Nps. The structures of nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering laser particle-size analysis, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating that Nps had a well-defined core–shell construction for efficient loading of Bos. The loading rates of Bos@BMMs and Bos@SNS/t Nps were 25.2 ± 2.3% and 27.3 ± 3.6%, respectively. The nanoparticles had obvious pH sensitivity, and the release of Bos in pH 9.0 was higher than those in pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. No significant difference in the release behavior of nanocomposites was found, and the release models were fitted with the Weibull equation. Finally, the bioactivity of the Bos-loaded nanocomposite was measured against Rhizoctonia solani, which showed that the fungicidal efficacy of Bos@SNS/t was slightly better than that of Bos@BMMs.
Obesity-related genetic determinants of stroke
Authors: Gago-Dominguez Manuela , Sobrino Tomás , Torres-Español María , Calaza Manuel , Rodríguez-Castro Emilio , Campos Francisco , Redondo Carmen M , Castillo José , Carracedo Ángel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs obesity, circulating lipids and other vascular/metabolic factors influence the risk of stroke, we examined if genetic variants associated with these conditions are related to risk of stroke using a case−control study in Galicia, Spain. A selection of 200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be related to obesity, body mass index, circulating lipids, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, obesity-related cancer and cerebral infarction were genotyped in 465 patients diagnosed with stroke and 480 population-based controls. An unsupervised Lasso regression procedure was carried out for single-nucleotide polymorphism selection based on their potential effect on stroke according to obesity. Selected genotypes were further analysed through multivariate logistic regression to study their association with risk of stroke. Using unsupervised selection procedures, nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be related to risk of stroke overall and after stratification by obesity. From these, rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 in obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.61 (0.39–0.95) (P = 0.027); 0.54 (0.35–0.84) (P = 0.006) and 0.42 (0.22–0.80) (P = 0.0075), respectively], and rs865686 in non-obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.67 (0.48–0.94) (P = 0.019)], were independently associated with risk of stroke after multivariate logistic regression procedures. The associations between the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with stroke risk in obese subjects were more pronounced among females; for rs10761731, odds ratios among obese males and females were 1.07 (0.58–1.97) (P = 0.84), and 0.31 (0.14–0.69) (P = 0.0018), respectively; for rs2479409, odd ratios were 0.66 (0.34–1.27) (P = 0.21), and 0.49 (0.24–0.99) (P = 0.04), for obese males and females, respectively; the stroke-rs6511720 association was also slightly more pronounced among obese females, odds ratios were 0.33 (0.13–0.87) (P = 0.022), and 0.28 (0.09–0.85) (P = 0.02) for obese males and females, respectively. The rs865686−stroke association was more pronounced among non-obese males [odds ratios = 0.61 (0.39–0.96) (P = 0.029) and 0.72 (0.42–1.22) (P = 0.21), for non-obese males and females, respectively]. A combined genetic score of variants rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 was highly predictive of stroke risk among obese subjects (P = 2.04 × 10−5), particularly among females (P = 4.28 × 10−6). In summary, single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1076173, rs2479409 and rs6511720 were found to independently increase the risk of stroke in obese subjects after adjustment for established risk factors. A combined score with the three genomic variants was an independent predictor of risk of stroke among obese subjects in our population.
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure predicts in-hospital outcomes in takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Montone Rocco Antonio , Meucci Maria Chiara , La Vecchia Giulia , Camilli Massimiliano , Giraldi Luca , Pedicino Daniela , Trani Carlo , Sanna Tommaso , Galiuto Leonarda , Niccoli Giampaolo , Crea Filippo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is associated to serious adverse in-hospital complications. We evaluated the role of invasively assessed left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) for predicting in-hospital complications in TTS patients compared to the most widely used echocardiographic parameters of ventricular function.Methods and Results We prospectively enrolled 130 patients (mean age 71.2 ± 11.3 years, 114 [87.7%] female) with TTS. Invasive measurement of LVEDP was performed at the time of cardiac catheterization. The rate of in-hospital complications (composite of acute heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias and all-cause death) was examined. In-hospital complications occurred in 37 (28.5%) patients. Patients who experienced in-hospital complications had a higher prevalence of neurological trigger and lower prevalence of emotional trigger, higher LVEDP and mean E/e′ ratio and lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) values compared to those who did not experience in-hospital complications. At multivariate logistic regression, higher LVEDP [odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.05–1.20], P &lt; 0.001] and lower LVEF (OR 0.95, 95% CI [0.91–0.99], P = 0.011) remained independently predictors of in-hospital complications, while emotional trigger was associated to a lower risk (OR 0.24, 95% CI [0.06–0.96], P = 0.044). The area under the curve (AUC) for LEVDP in the prediction of in-hospital events was 0.776 (95% CI [0.69–0.86], P &lt;0.001, with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 58% using a LVEDP cut-off value of 22.5 mmHg). The AUC was significantly higher for LVEDP than for E/e′ ratio (P = 0.037).Conclusions LVEDP measured at the time of catheterization may help in identifying TTS patients at higher risk of cardiovascular deterioration with relevant therapeutic implications.
‘My Gunners will burn your houses, my soldiers will pillage them’: what French people were singing about when they sang about Napoleon
Authors: Hopkin David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fifty years after his death, almost the only song that French people still sung about Napoleon retold his conquest of the city of Mantua in 1797. ‘Le bombardement de Mantoue’ is an example of a popular European folk genre, the siege song. Siege songs use the metaphor of a violent wooer and a reluctant maiden to narrate the capture of cities. They circulated, in print and orally, from the mid seventeenth to the mid nineteenth centuries, updated for all conflicts by the substitution of the name of the besieger and the city. While often factually inaccurate, such songs are evidence of historical consciousness, and they could be used to express an identification with a national or political cause. They also anchored an early modern concept of war in popular culture, in which victory was measured in territory acquired, and in which a rampaging soldiery was pitted against a civilian and female population. Sieges envisaged as a violent courtship relocated military events into the language of interpersonal relationships, and thus they became relevant in many day-to-day contexts. Siege songs are akin to pastourelles, the most popular of all song genres, but whereas in the pastourelle a knight or lord pursues a shepherdess, in ‘Le bombardement de Mantoue’ socially superior women are violated by lower class men. This fantasy of social, as well as sexual, conquest helps explain the continuing popularity of this song.
European integration: Quo vadis? A critical commentary on the PSPP judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court of May 5, 2020
Authors: Basedow Jürgen , Dietze Jan , Griller Stefan , Kellerbauer Manuel , Klamert Marcus , Malferrari Luigi , Scharf Tibor , Schnichels Dominik , Thym Daniel , Tomkin Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In its judgment of May 5, 2020, the Second Senate of the German Constitutional Court qualified for the first time a judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)—C-493/17 Weiss—as “arbitrary from an objective perspective” and declared the underlying European Central Bank (ECB) decisions regarding the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) to be ultra vires. It requested the German Government and the German Parliament to take steps against the PSPP in its current form and to ensure that the ECB conducts a proportionality assessment of its PSPP. The judgment also prohibits the German Central Bank from participating, after a grace period of three months, in the implementation and execution of the ECB decisions at issue, unless the ECB assesses and substantiates that the measures provided for in its decisions satisfy the principle of proportionality. The present article, which was written by academics, lawyers, and civil servants from five countries, casts a critical eye on the judgment of the German Constitutional Court. It identifies significant shortcomings from both a German constitutional and a European Union perspective.
HIV Disclosure—Professional Body Guidelines, the Law and the Boundaries of Medical Advice
Authors: Ryan Samantha , Phillips Matt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines the current BHIVA/BASHH guidelines on the disclosure of HIV+ status in the context of sexual activity. It assesses whether the guidance provided on how to avoid criminal prosecution accurately reflects the prevailing position in law. Given that aspects of the guidance related to non-disclosure of HIV infection in the context of low or negligible risk are as yet untested in UK law, it is argued that there is some uncertainty as to whether the professional body guidelines and the law can be reconciled with each other. The article also considers whether the BHIVA/BASHH guidelines stray beyond the boundaries of medical advice as normally understood (focused on the protection of health and the prevention of onward transmission), by posing both as legal advice on how to avoid prosecution and offering what could be viewed as a moral judgement as to when disclosure is required. While a bio-medical assessment of risk naturally shapes clinical guidelines and may also inform views as to appropriate sexual behaviour and risk-taking, it is unclear whether scientific assessment of risk should be the sole guide when it comes to determining the nature of any disclosure obligation or the medical advice to be given on this matter.
Evolution of the chemical enrichment and the mass–metallicity relation in CALIFA galaxies
Authors: Camps-Fariña A , Sanchez S F , Lacerda E A D , Carigi L , García-Benito R , Mast D , Galbany L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We apply fossil record techniques to the CALIFA sample to study how galaxies in the Local Universe have evolved in terms of their chemical content. We show how the stellar metallicity and the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) evolve through time for the galaxies in our sample and how this evolution varies when we divide them based on their mass, morphology, and star-forming status. We also check the impact of measuring the metallicity at the centre or the outskirts. We find the expected results that the most massive galaxies were enriched more quickly, and that the MZR was steeper at higher redshifts. However, once we separate the galaxies into morphology bins this behaviour is less clear, which suggests that morphology is a primary factor in determining how quickly a galaxy becomes enriched, but with mass determining the final enrichment. We also find that star-forming galaxies (SFGs) appear to be asymptotic in their chemical evolution; that is, the metallicity of SFGs of any mass is very similar at recent times unlike several Gyr ago.
Not Just One, Not Just Now
Authors: Rahaim Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay offers a vision of voice as relational and temporal, in contrast to figurations of voice as “one” (as a soliloquy that directly expresses a sovereign individual subjectivity) and “now” (as immediately present, in contrast to the spatial distance and temporal delay of writing or reflection). This abstract construal of pristine subjective oneness and atemporal objective presence underlies both Husserlian semiotics and the Derridean critique of the “metaphysics of presence” long associated with the voice. In practice, however, most vocal action (public singing and speaking, chatting and harmonizing with others, vocal uproar, protest, negotiation) is undertaken in relation to others and unfolds over time. Politically, the irrelational individual-expressivist figuration provides the metaphysical scaffolding for groupist-expressivist figurations of voice, in which homogenous collectivities are understood to speak in unison, cut off from interlocutors, response, or counterpoint—cut off, that is, from actual sociality. What political and ethical possibilities might open up by turning from irrelational soliloquy to relational colloquy, among others, in time?
Human Resource Management within a Trade Union Context
Authors: Ryan Lorraine , Lavelle Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to profile trade unions and their activities across a range of countries to illustrate the importance of context. In particular, the chapter focuses on providing contextual information on levels of trade union density (both at the national level and within organizations), levels of trade union engagement (trade union recognition), levels of influence that trade unions have within the workplace, and levels of collective bargaining. The chapter draws on a wide range of sources, including sources that report national-level statistics on trade union density and collective bargaining coverage (the ICTWSS); organizational-level data on trade union engagement and influence (the Cranet surveys); and individual-level data reporting on the influence of trade unions in the workplace (European Social Survey). The data predominantly reveal a picture of diversity across countries in relation to trade union activity and collective bargaining, although declining levels of trade union density and collective bargaining coverage are common to many countries. By drawing on a wide range of sources and countries, the chapter reveals the need for a much deeper analysis of trade unions within national contexts and a much “thicker approach” to comparative analysis.
Individual-Level Rewards and Appraisal
Authors: Gooderham Paul , Mayrhofer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Individual performance rewards and individual performance appraisals are key elements of calculative human resource management (HRM). As practices, they figure strongly in the most highly cited studies within strategic HRM research. However, these studies are generally located within a single, distinct context, the United States, a context in which there is an underlying assumption of firm latitude. Varieties of capitalism literature indicates that this assumption is inappropriate to the context of the coordinated market economies of Europe. This chapter reviews cross-national studies of the adoption of calculative HRM and observes a substantial influence of national context on its adoption by firms. In terms of how to conceive national context, recent research suggests that formal institutional influences are of more salience than informal influences. The relative importance of formal institutional influences has consequences for international management education that predominantly views context through a cultural lens. The chapter further observes that recent research of the uptake of calculative HRM perceives context as a constraint rather than as a determinant. Regardless of context, managers have at least some latitude to implement calculative HRM practices. However, the chapter suggests that their efforts need to be adapted to, and sensitive to, contextual constraints.
Well-Being in Industrialized Economies and the Case for Firms’ Investment in Employee Learning
Authors: Tregaskis Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The idea of enhancing the well-being of employees through employment and skills development has gained greater emphasis in economic growth strategies. This new performance lens challenges the primacy given to financial metrics over social metrics such as health and happiness and brings multiple stakeholder interests into play. This chapter examines the evidence base for employee learning as a pathway to well-being. The case is made for a renewed focus on employee learning enabling transformative change that supports individuals, organizations, and society.
Maguy Marin’s Social and Aesthetic Critique
Authors: Mandradjieff Mara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter situates French choreographer Maguy Marin as a valuable figure in contemporary ballet history. In analyzing her works Cendrillon (Cinderella, 1985), Groosland (1989), and Coppélia (1993), one discovers Marin’s application of self-reflexive strategies, body-transforming costumes, and dancer “dollness.” With these elements in place, the three ballets initiate discussions on objectification, gender performativity, labor relations, and body aesthetics, for both society at large and the institution of ballet specifically. Cendrillon, Groosland, and Coppélia function as examples of how ballet choreography might implement social and aesthetic critique, while simultaneously reflecting on ballet’s participation in the structures under consideration.
Talking Shop
Authors: Sulcas Roslyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Justin Peck, Benjamin Millepied, and Troy Schumacher are all current or former New York City Ballet dancers who have established prominent choreographic careers. In the interviews presented in this chapter, they talk about their initial introductions to dance, their early dance training, their desire to begin to choreograph, their formative influences, their choreographic processes, and how they have been shaped by a “City Ballet” training and an immersion in its repertory. They also discuss the challenges of juggling the roles of dancer and choreographer, music as a primary source of inspiration, and whether they are interested in experimentation with ballet’s parameters.