bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Outcomes of a Hydrocortisone Protocol after Endonasal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma Resection
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Collopy Sarah , Yu Siyuan , Karsy Michael , Chitguppi Chandala , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction In pituitary adenomas (PAs), the use of postoperative steroid supplementation remains controversial, as it reduces peritumoral edema and sinonasal complaints but disrupts the detection of adrenal insufficiency (AI). It is unclear whether postoperative cortisol supplementation has a measurable effect on improving outcomes in patients with pituitary adenoma undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS). The objective of the study was to evaluate a postoperative steroid treatment protocol on various surgical outcomes in patients with PA undergoing ETS.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients undergoing ETS from 2005 to 2020 for PA at a single tertiary academic center. Patients were divided into two groups: those managed by a routine postoperative glucocorticoid supplementation protocol (steroid protocol) and those who received supplementation based on postoperative cortisol laboratory assessment (steroid sparing protocol). Management was otherwise the same between groups. Evaluation of length of stay (LOS), sinonasal outcomes, 30-day readmission, and perioperative complications, including AI, were performed.Results Among 535 patients, 21% (n = 111) received postoperative steroids, while the remainder (n = 424) did not. There were no differences in mean LOS (3 vs. 3 days, p = 0.72), sinonasal complaints (27 vs. 19%, p = 0.12), 30-day readmission (5% vs. 5%, p = 0.44), and perioperative complications (5 vs. 5%, p = 0.79) between both the groups. A multivariate model supported that both groups were comparable in predicting LOS, 30-day readmission, and complications. No reduction in readmission for AI was seen.Conclusion Routine administration of postoperative glucocorticoids did not significantly improve patient outcomes in patients with PA who underwent ETS.
Learning from the past and present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation
Authors: Dada Sara , Battles Heather , Pilbeam Caitlin , Singh Bhagteshwar , Solomon Tom , Gobat Nina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn responding to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have proposed and implemented documentation policies that confer varying levels of freedoms or restrictions (e.g., ability to travel) based on individuals’ infection status or potential immunity. Most discussions around immunity- or infection-based documentation policies have focused on scientific plausibility, economic benefit, and challenges relating to ethics and equity. As COVID-19 vaccines are rolled out, attention has turned to confirmation of immunity and how documentation such as vaccine certificates or immunity passports can be implemented. However, the contextual inequities and local variabilities interacting with COVID-19 related documentation policies hinder a one-size-fits-all approach. In this Comment, we argue that social science perspectives can and should provide additional insight into these issues, through a diverse range of current and historical examples. This would enable policymakers and researchers to better understand and mitigate current and longer-term differential impacts of COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies in different contexts. Furthermore, social science research methods can uniquely provide feedback to inform adjustments to policy implementation in real-time and help to document how these policy measures are felt differently across communities, populations, and countries, potentially for years to come. This Comment, updated as of 15 August 2021, combines precedents established in historical disease outbreaks and current experiences with COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies to highlight valuable lessons and an acute need for further social science research which should inform effective and context-appropriate future public health policy and action.
Classification of motor imagery using multisource joint transfer learning
Authors: Wang Fei , Ping Jingyu , Xu Zongfeng , Bi Jinying 
Published: September 2021

As an important way for human-computer interaction, the motor imagery brain–computer interface (MI-BCI) can decode personal motor intention directly by analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, a large amount of labeled data has to be collected for each new subject since EEG patterns vary between individuals. The long calibration phase severely limits the further development of MI-BCI. To tackle this problem, multi-source joint domain adaption (MJDA) and multi-source joint Riemannian adaption (MJRA) algorithms are proposed in this paper. Both methods aim to transfer knowledge from other subjects to the current subject who has only a small amount of labeled data. First, the common spatial pattern with Euclidean alignment is used to select source subjects who have similar spatial patterns to the target subject. Second, the covariance matrices of EEG trials are aligned in Riemannian space by removing subject-specific baselines. These two steps are shared by MJDA and MJRA. In the last step, MJDA attempts to minimize the feature distribution mismatch in the Riemannian tangent space, while MJRA attempts to find an adaptive Riemannian classifier. Finally, the proposed methods are validated on two datasets: BCI Competition IV 2a and online event-related desynchronization (ERD)-BCI. The experimental results demonstrate that both MJDA and MJRA outperform the state-of-the-art approaches. The MJDA provides a new idea for the offline analysis of MI-BCI, while MJRA could make a big difference to the online calibration of MI-BCI.
Astronomy: Ground-based guide to star systems
Authors: Rahmer Gustavo 
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, we will explore the use of high-powered lasers in astronomy, specifically when used for the creation of “artificial stars” used as reference beacons to compensate for the distortions created by the atmosphere, through a technique known as “adaptive optics.” The fundamentals of the technique and the history of how lasers came to be used in that context are introduced. Then the two main ways of creating these artificial stars are described: one by exciting sodium atoms in the mesosphere and the other by taking advantage of the scattering of photons in the lower atmosphere.
As with any high-powered laser, safety is key to the operation of these systems, but this particular application brings new challenges that are specific to this application. As the laser beams are propagated into space, the laser operators need to be sure that they avoid affecting any aircraft flying overhead, and, in the case of U.S.-based observatories, any satellites, particularly Earth-looking ones.
Large herbivores suppress liana infestation in an African savanna
Authors: Coverdale Tyler C. , O’Connell Ryan D. , Hutchinson Matthew C. , Savagian Amanda , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Palmer Todd M. , Goheen Jacob R. , Augustine David J. , Sankaran Mahesh , Tarnita Corina E. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Declines of wild megafauna are expected to transform ecosystems and are known to influence tree–grass balance in African savannas, but the effects of large herbivores on lianas are unknown. Using diet analysis, long-term exclosure experiments, and smaller-scale manipulations, we show that liana infestation occurred rapidly after the loss of large herbivores and suppressed tree growth and reproduction. We show theoretically that extended absence of herbivores could potentially generate a liana-dominated alternative state—but both experimental and theoretical results indicate that herbivore reintroduction can reverse endemic infestation, even after decades. We found low functional redundancy among wild herbivore species and between wildlife and livestock. Our results suggest that diverse large-herbivore assemblages promote resilience and robustness of savannas to liana encroachment.
Individual choices and universal rights for drinking water in rural Africa
Authors: Hope Rob , Ballon Paola 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Globally, four out of five people without safe drinking water live in rural areas. The human right to water identifies inalienable attributes of drinking water services in terms of affordability, proximity, quality, and reliability. It is unknown how specific attributes correspond to people’s priorities to address the multibillion-dollar costs of maintaining services in rural Africa to 2030. Evidence from Kenya indicates that improving reliability by repairing waterpoint faults within 2 d is the dominant attribute in securing user payments. Attributes of water quality and proximity register less support and seem more suited to public funding. Charting common ground between universal rights and individual choices can inform public policy in the design of sustainable funding for rural water service delivery.
Sense of place as an attitude: length of residence, landscape values and personal involvement in relation to a brief version of the Jorgensen and Stedman (2001) sense of place scale (El sentido de lugar como actitud: tiempo de residencia, valores paisajísticos, e implicación personal en la versión breve de la Escala de Sentido de Lugar de Jorgensen y Stedman, 2001)
Authors: Chesterman Adam , Lopez Alexia , Rateau Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Sense of Place (SOP) can be defined as an attitude towards places, expressed through affective, cognitive and behavioural responses that can be operationalized using the SOP scale. However, this scale has not been explored in relation to factors of people-place bonds such as length of residence, personal involvement and landscape values. We conducted three studies to explore these factors in different populations, while also contributing to the validation of a reduced version of the scale. Study 1 ( N = 184) focused on its latent structure through EFA; study 2 ( N = 138) examined its links to length of residence and landscape values, and analysed data fit through CFA; study 3 ( N = 58) examined links between SOP, length of residence, landscape values and personal involvement, and the scale’s temporal stability. Results indicate a link between SOP and length of residence, personal involvement and some landscape values. They also support the validity of the reduced version of the scale as a unidimensional attitudinal construct, thus rendering it available for deployment in francophone samples.
Analysis of hidden-charm pentaquark molecular states with and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules *
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Xin Qi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

pentaquark molecular states with and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules in detail, focusing on the light flavor,

, breaking effects, and make predictions for new pentaquark molecular states besides assigning

,

,

,

, and

self-consistently. In the future, we can search for these pentaquark molecular states in the decay of

,

, and

. Furthermore, we discuss high-dimensional vacuum condensates in detail.
Investigation of experimental observables in search of the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions in the STAR experiment *
Authors: Choudhury Subikash , Dong Xin , Drachenberg Jim , Dunlop James , Esumi ShinIchi , Feng Yicheng , Finch Evan , Hu Yu , Jia Jiangyong , Lauret Jerome , Li Wei , Liao Jinfeng , Lin Yufu , Lisa Mike , Niida Takafumi , Ray Robert Lanny , Sergeeva Masha , Shen Diyu , Shi Shuzhe , Sorensen Paul , Tang Aihong , Tribedy Prithwish , Van Buren Gene , Voloshin Sergei , Wang Fuqiang , Wang Gang , Xu Haojie , Xu Zhiwan , Yao Nanxi , Zhao Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a novel transport phenomenon, arising from the interplay between quantum anomalies and strong magnetic fields in chiral systems. In high-energy nuclear collisions, the CME may survive the expansion of the quark-gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. Over the past two decades, experimental searches for the CME have attracted extensive interest at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main goal of this study is to investigate three pertinent experimental approaches: the

correlator, the R correlator, and the signed balance functions. We exploit simple Monte Carlo simulations and a realistic event generator (EBE-AVFD) to verify the equivalence of the core components among these methods and to ascertain their sensitivities to the CME signal and the background contributions for the isobar collisions at the RHIC.
Influence of the impurities in the hybrid discharges with high power in JET ILW
Authors: Ivanova-Stanik I. , Challis C.D. , Chomiczewska A. , Hobirk J. , Huber A. , Kappatou A. , Lerche E. , Telesca G. , Zagórski R. , JET Contributors  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to numerically study the influences of the impurities on the high power hybrid discharges in the JET ITER-like wall (ILW) configuration in the DD and deuterium–tritium (DT) scenarios. Numerical simulations with the COREDIV code of hybrid discharges with 32 MW auxiliary heating, 2.2 MA plasma current and 2.8 T toroidal magnetic field in the ILW corner configuration are presented. In the simulations five impurity species are used: intrinsic: beryllium (Be) and nickel (Ni) from the side walls, helium (He) from DT reaction, tungsten (W) from divertor and extrinsic neon (Ne) or argon (Ar) by gas puff. The extrapolation of the DD discharges to DT plasmas at the original input power of 32 MW and taking into account only the thermal component of the alpha-power, does not show any significant difference regarding the power to the target with respect to the DD case. Simulations show that sputtering due to D and T is negligible. In contrast, the simulations at auxiliary heating 39 MW show that the power to the target is possibly too high to be sustained for about 5 s by strike-point sweeping alone without any control by Ne seeding. The tungsten is produced mainly by Ni, Be and seeded impurities.
Exact quench dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement in a free fermion chain
Authors: Parez Gilles , Bonsignori Riccarda , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study of the entanglement dynamics plays a fundamental role in understanding the behaviour of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. In the presence of a globally conserved charge, further insights are provided by the knowledge of the resolution of entanglement in the various symmetry sectors. Here, we carry on the program we initiated in Parez et al (2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 L041104), for the study of the time evolution of the symmetry resolved entanglement in free fermion systems. We complete and extend our derivations also by defining and quantifying a symmetry resolved mutual information. The entanglement entropies display a time delay that depends on the charge sector that we characterise exactly. Both entanglement entropies and mutual information show effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large time and subsystem size. Furthermore, we argue that the behaviour of the charged entropies can be quantitatively understood in the framework of the quasiparticle picture for the spreading of entanglement, and hence we expect that a proper adaptation of our results should apply to a large class of integrable systems. We also find that the number entropy grows logarithmically with time before saturating to a value proportional to the logarithm of the subsystem size.
Antibacterial plastic made from the composite of silica immobilized with variation of EDTA-Cu and chitosan
Authors: Wogo H E , Nama M I B , Ola A R B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The research is aimed at examining the influence of Cu and chitosan for the antibacterial properties of the plastics made from the composite of Silica gel immobilized with EDTA-Cu and Chitosan. The production of antibacterial plastics consisted of several stages including (1) preparing rice husk ash as the precursor solutions of sodium silicate; (2) producing silica gel immobilized by various Cu concentration (0.001M, 0,0001M, and 0,00001 M); (3) producing antibacterial plastic and examining its water absorption and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The result showed that silica immobilized by EDTA-CU could inhibit the growth of bacteria with diameter of zone inhibition observed at 13.3 mm and 12.3 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the immobilized silica was synthesized into plastics with several variation of mass from chitosan (0.3; 0.5; and 0.7 grams). The antibacterial tests revealed an increase of bacterial inhibition by plastic products with immobilized silica having diameter of zone inhibition for Escherichia coli observed at 14.2 mm greater than Staphylococcus aureus with diameter of zone inhibition at 13.3 mm when tested in total highest chitosan. In contrast, water absorption of the plastic declined (58.33%; 45.45%; 36.36%) as the mass of chitosan increased (0.3; 0.5; 0.7). This indicated that higher mass of chitosan is able to reduce the absorption of water by the plastics but it can enhance the antibacterial properties of the plastic. The research also emphasized that higher concentrations of Cu are correlated with higher antibacterial activity of the plastic.
A modified sinusoidal perturbation on a two distinguishable spin

−12

particles system
Authors: Lalus H F , Mala H U , Hali A S , Bani M D S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyze a quantum system of two distinguishable spin

−

1
2

particles subjected to modified sinusoidal perturbation of the form

V
(
t
)
=
(

V
0

+

V
1

x
+

V
2

y
+

V
3

z
)

e

−
γ
t
/
τ

cos
(
ω
t
)

σ
→

1

·

x
^

;
0
<
t
<
τ

; where γ is a real positive number; V
0, V
1, V
2, V
3 are real constants and have very small values; x = r sin θ cos ϕ; y = r sin θ sin ϕ; = z = r cos θ;

σ
→

1

is the Pauli matrix for the first particle, and

x
^

, is the three-dimensional position operator in spherical coordinates; V(t) is zero when t ≤ 0 and t ≥ τ. We use the time-dependent perturbation theory to solve this problem. Initially, we define the initial system state before being subjected to perturbation, namely

|
000
;
00
〉

, and the final state of the form

|
n
l
m
;
S
M
〉
≡
|
n
l
m
〉
|
⊗
S
M
〉

. The total spin state

|
S
M
〉

actually contains the linear combination of the states of each particle. Next, we calculate the expected value of

〈
n
l
m
;
S
M
|
V
(
t
)
|
00
;
000
〉
000
〉

is used in calculating the probability amplitude

C
n

(
τ
)

, and then this form is used to analyze the conditions required for the transition to occur. From the results of the analysis, we present various conditions which include the conditions for n, l, m, M, S; constants V
1, V
2 and V
3; and the relationship between τ and γ; so that the transition process can occur. We have also presented the energy emission and absorption processes that this type of perturbation phenomenon might produce in the system under study.
Application of boundary element method on 2-D laplace equation and its error analysis
Authors: Bilaku A , Lobo M , Kleden M A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of Elliptic boundary value problems is often found in everyday life, such as the problem of water infiltration in the soil, the problem of static heat conduction and the problem of wave propagation. Laplace equation is one of the elliptic equations that is mostly employed in formulating various problems in engineering studies. The analytic solution of Laplace Equation that has irregular domain and involve mixed boundary conditions is not always possible. To overcome the problem, a numerical method called Boundary Element Method (BEM) can be employed. In this study, a BEM is applied to solve the 2-D Laplace Equation. The domain considered in the study is a square shape with length and width of 1 unit. The procedures of the BEM application are basically starting with the transformation of the governing equation into boundary integral equation (BIE) followed by the discretization of the BIE to form a Linear Algebra Equation System to be solved using any available package programs. The results show that when the domain is discretised to 80 segments, the numerical solutions have the smallest error production compared to those of 20 and 40 segments.
Feature extraction Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) and Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) for identification of woven fabric motifs in South Central Timor Regency
Authors: Lesiangi F S , Mauko A Y , Djahi B S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
South Central Timor (TTS) is one of the districts that has a weaving culture and also produces woven cloth in East Nusa Tenggara. The many types of woven fabric from each TTS tribe makes outsiders and even native TTS people do not recognize the typical TTS woven fabric, therefore we need a system that can help facilitate the community in recognizing the type and motif of woven fabric. In this study, digital image processing is used to identify the type of woven fabric in the TTS district using the HSV color feature extraction method, and the GLCM texture feature, and to measure the similarity of woven fabric using the Euclidean distance method. The image data of the woven fabric used is the image of woven fabric from 3 tribes of TTS district, namely the Amanatun, Amanuban, and Mollo tribes. Identification of woven fabric motifs using the K-fold cross validation test with two stages, namely the training and testing stages. The results of testing variants using 10 fold get an accuracy rate for GLCM texture features of 55%, for HSV color features of 62.5% and a combination of color and texture features of 91.67%.
Digital image processing: Offline handwritten signature identification using local binary pattern and rotational invariance local binary pattern with learning vector quantization
Authors: Kette E K D , Sina D R , Djahi B S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Handwritten signature is one of the authentication tools that humans have to determine the authenticity of a file or document. The difference between offline and online handwritten signatures is that offline signatures requires a scanner while online signatures use a stylus. The feature extraction methods used are Local Binary Pattern (LBP), uniform LBP, LBP 8 rotation, and uniform LBP 8 rotation. Learning algorithm used is Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). This study used 200 images data, derived from 20 participants handwritten signature with contribution of 10 signatures each participants. Training data and test data will be divided based on the k-fold cross validation classification then tested based on 4 groups of data sets with certain parameters. Data set 1 consisted of 5 participants, data set 2 consisted of 10 participants, data set 3 consisted of 15 participants, and data set 4 consisted of 20 participants. The best system performance results with the highest accuracy are in training and testing of data set 1 with maximum of 100 iteration for each method. The results of system accuracy is very affected by total number of participants used, which is the more the number of participants with signatures processed, the accuracy will be reduced. The detailed results of system performances accuracy using data set 1 for the LBP extraction method obtained an accuracy of 84%, uniform LBP obtained an accuracy of 90%, LBP 8 rotation obtained an accuracy of 86%, and LBP 8 uniform rotation obtained an accuracy of 80%.