bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles-based Pre-Targeting Strategy Enables Multi-Modal Imaging of Orthotopic Colon Cancer and Image-Guided Surgery
Authors: An Rui , Jing Boping , Qian Ruijie , Jiang Dawei , Gai Yongkang , Liu Zhen , Guo Feng , Ren Sen , Gao Yu , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroudColon cancer contributes to high mortality rates as the result of incomplete resection in tumor surgery. Multimodal imaging can provide preoperative evaluation and intraoperative image-guiding. As biocompatible nanocarriers, extracellular vesicles hold great promise for multimodal imaging. In this study, we aim to synthesized an extracellular vesicles-based nanoprobe to visualize colon cancer with positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and investigated its utility in image-guided surgery of colon cancer in animal models. ResultsExtracellular vesicles were successfully isolated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and their membrane vesicles were observed under TEM. DLS detected that the hydrodynamic diameters of the extracellular vesicles were approximately 140 nm and the zeta potential was −7.93 ± 0.24 mV. Confocal microscopy showed that extracellular vesicles had a strong binding ability to tumor cells. A click chemistry-based pre-targeting strategy was used to achieve PET imaging in vivo. PET images and the biodistribution results showed that the best pre-targeting time was 20 h, and the best imaging time was 2 h after the injection of 68Ga-L-NETA-DBCO. The NIRF images showed that the tumor had clear images at all time points after administration of nanoparticles and the Tumor/Muscle ratio peaked at 20 h after injection. Our data also showed that both PET/CT and NIRF imaging clearly visualized the orthotopic colon cancer models, providing preoperative evaluation. Under real-time NIRF imaging, the tumor location and tumor boundary could be clearly observed. ConclusionsIn brief, this novel nanoprobe may be useful for multi-modal imaging of colon cancer and NIRF image-guided surgery. More importantly, this study provides a new possibility for clinical application of extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers.
Mineral Prοpecting and Lithοlοgical Mapping Using Remοte Sensing Apprοaches in Between Yazihan-Heki̇mhan (Malatya) Turkey
Authors: SEVİMLİ ULAŞ İNAN , TRAORE MAMADOU , TOPAK YUSUF , TEKİN SENEM 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Remote Sensing processing analysis have become a directing and hopeful instrument for mineral investigation and lithological mapping. Mineral exploration in general and bearing chromites associated with ultrabasic and basic rocks of the ophiolite complex in particular has been successfully carried out in recent years using Remote Sensing techniques. Yazıhan-Hekimhan (Malatya) region of East Taurus mountain belt, ranks second in terms of iron mineralization in Turkey are accepted. The area is characterized by high grade iron ore deposits in use, development and exploration. Lithological mapping and chromite ore exploration of this area is challenging owing to difficult access (High Mountain 2243 m) using the traditional method of exploration. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the capacity of Landsat-8 OLI and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite imagery to discriminate and detect the potential zone of chromites bearing mineralized in Malatya (Yazıhan). Several images processing techniques, Vegetation Mask, Band Ratio (BR), Band Ratio Color Composite (BRCC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Decorrelation Stretch, Minimum Noise Fraction and Supervised classification using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) exist in previous studies have been performed for lithological mapping. The obtained results show that, BR, PCA and Decorrelation Stretch methods applied on NVIR-SWIR bands of Landsat-8 and ASTER were clearly discriminate the ophiolite rocks at a regional scale. In Addition, SAM classification was applied on a spectral signature of differents ultrabasic and basic rocks extracted from ASTER data. The results are promising in identifying the potentials zones of chromite ore mineralization zones within the ophiolite region. Thus, the techniques used in this research are suitable to detect or identify the high-potential chromite bearing areas in the ophiolite complex rocks using Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER data.
The prevalence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic associated fatty liver disease among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Tian Shen , Li Hao , Li Ren-hua , Ran Liang , Li Shu , Wu Juan , Xu Zhou , Liang Xin-yu , Chen Yu-ling , Xiao Jun , Wei Jia-ying , Ma Chen-yu , Song Jing-yu , She Rui-ling , Wu Kai-nan , Kong Ling-quan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsAn international expert consensus statement was released on 2020 that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should be replaced by metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and hepatic steatosis (HS) is fundamental for the diagnosis of MAFLD in the new set of criteria. While female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and shares the same risk factors with HS and MAFLD, but their prevalence in breast cancer survivors (BCS) is unknown. Herein, we employed the liver ultrasound elastography (USE), a more sensitive detector for HS diagnosis, to explore the more accurate prevalence of HS and MAFLD among BCS.MethodA total of 263 BCS with conventional liver ultrasonography (US) and USE tests, followed up in the clinic of the Breast Cancer Center of Chongqing, as well as age and sex matching controls (1:10) with US test, from 135,436 healthcare population in the Quality Control Center of Health Examination of Chongqing of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were enrolled. Both US and USE were implemented to diagnose HS. Afterwards the anthropology information and relative laboratory test results were collected to estimate the prevalence of MAFLD based on USE and US according to the 2020 international consensus.ResultsThe prevalence of HS detected by US in BCS was significantly higher than that in healthcare population (41.8% vs. 22.4%, P<0.001), and it rose to 69.6% when the BCS were screened by USE. Accordingly, the prevalence of MAFLD based on US in BCS was also significantly higher than that in healthcare population (39.5% vs. 21.2%, P<0.001) and it rose to 63.5% when the BCS were screened by USE. The prevalence of HS and MAFLD based on US in elderly BCS (≥60 yr) were obviously higher than those in healthcare population (56.7% & 56.7 % vs. 31.3% & 30.7%, P<0.001), respectively, and they rose to 80.0% and 73.3%, respectively when the BCS were screened by USE.ConclusionHS and MAFLD prevail in breast cancer survivors, especially in most of the elderly breast cancer survivors (≥60 yr). Their prevalence are much higher than in the general population. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HS and MAFLD in breast cancer survivors should be implemented.
Optimizing Chinese Story Generation Based on Multi-channel Word Embedding and Frequent Pattern Tree Structure
Authors: Lin Jhe-Wei , Chang Rong-Guey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Much space remains for generating stories in the Chinese language. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address this issue by multi-channel word embedding and effective control of the part-of-speech structure while producing sentences to imitate the writing style. The proposed approach consists of four parts: We first preprocess the sentences to label all sentences in the data set according to the format of <SOS> <MOS> <EOS>, where <SOS> <EOS>, and <MOS> represent the beginning, the end of the sentence, and the separation between sentences. We then propose a multi-channel method to embed words by integrating traditional vectorization methods including Word2vec, Fasttext, LexVec, and Glove to improve the information in the input data. We next optimize the model architecture to effectively control the process of sentence generation based on the BERT (Bidirectional encoder representations from) model. Finally, we perform some optimization on performance. For example, Softmax function in the model was optimized to reduce the search time during training. In addition, the GAN (generative adversarial network) architecture for the data set was revised to improve the training performance of the model. All sentences in the data set are built into a tree structure and the part-of-speech structure of the next sentence was generated through model generation based on FP-tree. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively control the generation of Chinese stories.
Estimated renal function and cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular mortality in community population: results from the national health and nutrition examination surveys
Authors: Huang Jieleng , Wei Xuebiao , Jiang Mei , Su Zedazhong , Yang Zhiwen , Lin Yingwen , Chen Jiyan , Yu Danqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Renal insufficiency is an important risk factor for mortality in various populations. The present study was conducted to determine the optimal equation for the estimation of renal function in predicting adverse events in community population in US.
Methods

We examined the Cockcroft–Gault, modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), Mayo Healthy-Chronic Kidney Disease (Mayo), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) derived estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) and the association with cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular mortality among 25,677 participants of US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2014.
Results
The cardiovascular mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality increased with decrease in renal function. The MDRD derived eGFR exhibited the lowest predictive ability for all-cause mortality in all participants. For cardiovascular mortality, the Cockcroft–Gault derived eGFR exhibited the highest predictive power compared with the MDRD (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.842 vs. 0.764, p < 0.001), Mayo (AUC: 0.842 vs. 0.812, p < 0.001) and CKD-EPI (AUC: 0.842 vs. 0.813, p < 0.001) derived eGFR. For non-cardiovascular mortality, the Cockcroft–Gault derived eGFR exhibited similar superiority in non-cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusions

The value of the Cockcroft–Gault equation was superior to the other three equations for the prediction of cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular mortality in community population. This equation can serve as a risk-stratification tool for long-term events in community population.
Intraoperative Frog Lateral View, An Effective and Easy Way to Avoid Screw Cutout for Femoral Neck Fractures Fixed with Multiple Cancellous Screws
Authors: Dong Xin , Wang Hongnian , Wang Bao , Li Yongdong , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study analyzed the imaging data of patients retrospectively to understand the risk of cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fracture. At the same time, we try to use intraoperative frog lateral view to avoid the risk of screw cutout.MethodThe imaging data of patients with femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws between January 2015 and September 2016 was reviewed, and patients with screw cutout or suspicious cutout were found. The postoperative imaging data of 41 patients who attempted to use frog lateral view during the operation was reviewed,and patients with screw cutout or suspicious cutout were found.ResultAmong the 479 patients, only 72 patients underwent CT examination after the operation, and 18 of the 72 patients had obvious screw cutout. Screw cutout cases accounted for 3.8% of the total number of cases and 25% of the patients undergoing CT examination. Of the 41 patients who received intraoperative frog lateral view, only 2 cases were cutout from the neck, and no cases were cutout from the femoral head.ConclusionThe anterior upper part of the femoral head is a high-risk area cutout by cannulated screws. Postoperative CT is very necessary and can accurately detect the screw cutout, for the long-term prognosis of the implications. The application of frog lateral view in the operation of femoral neck fracture can effectively avoid the risk of cannulated screw cutout.
A solution to the challenges of particle erosion and thermal cycle for PS-PVD 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Ming , Zhang Yan , Deng Ziqian , Fan Jiafeng , Zhuo Xueshi , Yin Juhang , Guo Shuangquan , Mao Jie , Deng Chunming , Lai Cheng , Wang Panpan , Lai Jianhui , Deng Changguang , Feng Junli , Liu Min , Zhou Kesong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Advanced aero-engine is a key technique that is used all over the world, where many high-temperature components such as turbine blades and combustor, are made of Ni/Co/Fe based superalloys. However, they need high-temperature protection to avoid fast performance degradation. Generally, the superalloy high-temperature components are protected by thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) obtained via an atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and an electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Here, a novel 3rd generation TBCs process using plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is presented, showing a more promising use than the traditional APS and EB-PVD. The PS-PVD feature uses evaporating ceramic powder, which results in the deposition of a feather-like columnar coating. This special microstructure showed good strain tolerance and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) deposition, giving great potential for application. In a working aero-engine, the high-temperature components face a serious environment, where foreign particle erosion is a great challenge and is the first barrier to the application of PS-PVD TBCs. As a solution, an Al-modification approach was proposed in this investigation. The results demonstrate that this approach can improve particle erosion resistance. Also, the thermal cycle performance had an apparent optimization.
Association Between Service Scope of Primary Care Facilities and Patient Outcomes: A Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Li Zhong , Shi Meng , He Ruibo , Zhang Mei , Zhang Chi , Xiong Xinyu , Zhang Liang , Li Boyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Extending the service scope of primary care facilities (PCFs) has been widely concerned in China. However, no current data about the association between service scope of PCFs with patient outcomes are available. This study aims to investigate the association between service scope of PCFs and patient outcomes. Methods: We first sampled four counties randomly from rural Guizhou, China. Claim data of 299,633 inpatient cases covered by 64 PCFs were derived from the local information system of New Rural Cooperation Medical Scheme. The service scope of PCFs was collected with self-administrated questionnaires. Primary outcomes were 1) level of inpatient institutions, 2) length of stay, 3) per capita total health cost, 4) per capita out-of-pocket cost, 5) reimbursement ratio, 6) 30-day readmission. A total of 64 PCFs were categorized into five groups per facility-level service scope scores. Generalized linear regression models, logistic regression model, and ordered regression model were conducted to identify the association between service scope of PCFs and patient outcomes. Results: On average, the median service scope score of PCFs was 20, with wide variation across PCFs. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients living in communities with PCFs of greatest service scope (Quintile V vs. I) tended to have smaller rates of admission by county-level hospitals (-6.2% [-6.5%, -5.9%], city-level hospitals (-1.9% [-2.0%, -1.8%]), and provincial hospitals (-2.1% [-2.2%, -2.0%]), smaller rate of 30-day readmission (-0.5% [-0.7%, -0.3%]), less total health cost (-201.8 [-257.9, -145.8]) and out-of-pocket cost (-210.2 [-237.2, -183.2]), and greater reimbursement ratio (2.3% [1.9%, 2.8%]) than their counterparts from communities with PCFs of least service scope.Conclusion: The service scope of PCFs varied a lot in rural Guizhou, China. PCFs' greater service scope was associated with a reduction in secondary and tertiary hospital admission, reduced total cost and out-of-pocket cost, and 30-day readmission and increased reimbursement ratio. These results raised concerns about access to care for patients discharged from hospitals, which suggests potential opportunities for cost savings and improvement of quality of care. However, further evidence is warranted to investigate whether extending the service scope of PCFs is cost-effective and sustainable.
Transcriptomic Nnalysis Reveals the Mechanism of Host Growth Promotion by Endophytic Fungus of Rumex Gmelinii Turcz.
Authors: Changhong Ding , Wang Shouyu , Li Jiabin , Wang Zhenyue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rumex gmelinii Turcz. (RGT) is a medicinal plant of Rumex in Polygonaceae. Our research group isolated an endophytic fungus plectosaphaerella cucumerina (Strain J-G) from RGT, which could promote the growth of the host significantly when was co-cultured with the host. In this study, we mainly used transcriptomic analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of the growth promoting effect. It was found that during the process of co-culture with Strain J-G, metabolism of amino acids, the synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates in RGT tissue culture seedlings were all promoted, which provided sufficient material and energy basis for the growth of plants. In addition, response to hormones such as auxin and cytokinin in RGT tissue culture seedlings was improved significantly, which promoted the growth and development of plants. The repairing ability of DNA in RGT tissue culture seedlings was also enhanced to provide a good guarantee for the growth of plants. Meanwhile, defense system of RGT tissue culture seedlings was also mobilized by the existence of Strain J-G, therefore more secondary metabolites and stress resistant substances were produced to ensure the normal growth and metabolism of plants.
Identification of molecular markers associated with diagnosis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wei Zimeng , Zang Linnan , Zhao Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological subtype of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying LUAD is not yet clearly defined, but elucidating this process in detail would be of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Gene expression profiles were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), and the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by online GEO2R analysis tool. Subsequently, the enrichment analysis of function and signaling pathways of DEGs in LUAD were performed by gene ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were established through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and hub genes were screened by plug-in CytoHubba in Cytoscape. Afterwards, the miRNAs and the hub genes network was constructed via miRWalk. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier plotter were performed to analyze the diagnosis and prognosis efficacy of hub genes.Results: A total of 312 DEGs were identified, including 74 up-regulated and 238 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes including composition of extracellular matrix, regulation of angiogenesis and so on. KEGG analysis results revealed DEGs were mainly enrolled in cell adhesion signaling pathway. Subsequently, 10 hub genes, CDC20, CENPF, TPX2, TOP2A, KIAA0101, CDCA7, ASPM, ECT2, UBE2T and COL1A1, were identified. And TOP2A, CDCA7, TPX2 and COL1A1 showed strong relationships with each other and the miRNAs nearby in miRNAs-mRNA network obtained by miRWalk website. Finally, all these 10 hub genes were found significantly related to the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggested that TOP2A, CDCA7, TPX2 and COL1A1 might present predictive value for the development and prognosis in LUAD, and might be used as potential molecular markers for the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.
Energy Dissipation in Frame Structures using Sliding Lever Mechanism Technique
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Fahad Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Adil Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the seismic energy dissipation mechanism of a novel and newly proposed sliding lever damping energy dissipation through dynamic shake table testing.

Background:
Typical energy dissipation systems consist of brace members and installed dampers, which are directly connected to structural members such as beams, columns and joint regions. This can cause additional load concentrations and may require retrofitting or strengthening of existing structures. In order to avoid the load demand on the main structural system, a new energy dissipation technique based on a sliding lever mechanism is proposed and tested through dynamic testing.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to test a new sliding lever damping energy dissipation through dynamic shake table testing within the scope of steel frame structures.

Methods:
In order to investigate the proposed energy dissipation configuration, a 1/3rd reduced scaled, three-story and one bay steel frame model has been fabricated and tested in a uni-directional shaking with increasing excitation and, without and with the new technique. For the sliding lever energy dissipation configuration, a non-structural frame (i.e., carrying no gravity loads) has been constructed and provided with an installed ramp-damper assembly. The shaking responses in the form of acceleration and displacement histories have been obtained during the experimental program and compared in order to check the efficiency of the proposed configuration.

Results:
The results showed a reduction of 55% to 6% in stories deflections and 36% to 12% in acceleration with the newly proposed sliding lever mechanism energy dissipation technique. The top story peak displacements for the damped frame case decreased by 36.55% in case of 0.1 g, 37.95% in case of 0.2g, 31.89% in case of 0.3g, 38.05% in case of 0.4g, 29.37% in case of 0.5g and 12.06% in case of 0.6g shaking excitation.

Conclusion:
It has been confirmed from the current experimental studies that the new configuration was quite effective in reducing the overall displacement and acceleration response. The reduction in the structural response parameters was very significant during low excitation shaking, whereas, with the increase in shaking intensities, the responses varied with much less difference.