bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cytokine leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) gene expression on the primary infertility related to polycystic ovary syndrome, Tubal factor, and Unexplained infertility in Turkish women
Authors: Alzaidi Zahraa , Yildiz Şule Menziletoğlu , Saatçi Çetin , Akalin Hilal Ünlü , Muderris Iptisam Ipek , Aynekin Buşra , Şahin Izem Olcay , Dündar Munis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Successful implantation of blastocysts is indeed an important path in mammalian reproduction that is governed by a complicated web of cytokines interactions. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) part of the interleukin (IL)-6 groups are cytokines that are needed for effective implantation and prevent infertility symptoms. This study aimed to determine the expression level (LIF, IL-11) genes in patients with primary infertility related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), tubal factor infertility (TFI), and unexplained infertility (UI).

Results
In this study, 75 infertility women and 40 controls were involved. The expressions of LIF and IL-11 genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction qRT–PCR Light Cycler in patients and healthy controls. PCOS, TFI, and UI groups showed promising results regarding LIF gene, which appeared at very small levels compared to the control (p < 0.0001). Regarding IL-11, the two groups TFI and UI were significantly linked to the lower level of gene expression, while the PCOS group has no significant difference when it is compared to the control group (p < 0.0001, < 0.05, 0.19), respectively.

Conclusion
The current findings show that low levels of LIF and IL-11 gene expression are linked to various primary infertility conditions, including PCOS, tubal factor, and unexplained infertility since they play a fundamental role in embryo implantation.
Magnetotransport in the quantum wires comprised of vertically stacked quantum dots
Authors: Kushwaha Manvir S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate a periodic system of vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots (VSQD) subjected to a two-dimensional confining harmonic potential and a magnetic field in the symmetric gauge. Given the tiny length scales, adequate lateral confinement, and strong vertical coupling involved in the experiments, the VSQD system has become known for mimicking the standard semiconducting quantum wires. An exact analytical diagnosis of the problem allows us to show the system's direct relevance to the physics of musical sounds, magnetization, magnetotransport, and the designing of the optical amplifiers. The results suggest making the most of the system for applications in single-electron devices and quantum state transfer in the quantum computation and quantum communication networks.
Η Συμβολή του Κυνισμού στη Μετάβαση από τον Σωκράτη στη Νεώτερη Στοά. Μέρος Α': Φιλοσοφικές έριδες και η σύνδεση της Φιλοσοφίας με το μυθολογικό στοιχείο.
Authors: Ντρίκος Σπυρίδων Ι. 
Published: December 2021

Σύμφωνα μετηνV.Tsouna–Mc Kirahan, το επίθετο «σωκρατικός»καλύπτειμια σειρά φιλοσοφικών προσωπικοτήτων με ποικίλα ενδιαφέροντα, κοινό γνώρισμα των οποίων είναι το ότι ανέπτυξαν τηφιλοσοφική διδασκαλία του Σωκράτη με διάφορους τρόπους. Στην ονομασία αυτή είναι εμφανής ο υπαινιγμός ότι αυτοί οι Σωκρατικο ί–εξαιρουμένων των Πλάτωνα ,Ξενοφώντα– είνα ιμικρότερου διανοητικού διαμετρήματος και ακόμη ότι υστερού νσ εαυθεντικότητα. Η δυσκολία της εξακρίβωσης του βαθμού στο νοποίο οι απόψεις τους σχετίζονται με τον Σωκράτη έγκειται τόσο στο γεγονός ότι ο Σωκράτης δεν μας άφησε γραπτά όσο καιστο γεγονός ότι τα υπάρχοντα στοιχεία για τη σκέψη αυτών των φιλοσόφων είναι κείμενα ιδιάζουσας φύσης. Λίγα αποσπάσματα από το έργο τους έχουν διασωθεί και οι περισσότερες πληροφορίες για αυτούς προέρχονται από τους ιστοριογράφους και τη δοξογραφική παράδοση.
A realist review protocol of the role and contribution of the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) in gastroenterology nursing
Authors: Barnard Marlize , Casey Mary , O'Connor Laserina 
Published: December 2021

Background: The role and contribution of advanced nurse practitioners (ANP) has been well researched and found to be of great value for improving quality patient care and enhancing patient outcomes through education and health promotion. However, the role and the contribution of the ANP to gastroenterology nursing have not been evaluated either nationally or internationally. A review to determine the role and contribution of the ANP in gastroenterology nursing will inform on the contribution of the role and whether the role makes a difference to patient outcomes and cost effectiveness of patient care. Objective: This review aims to investigate the nursing role and contribution of the advanced nurse practitioner in gastroenterology. Furthermore, improved understanding of the underlying causal mechanisms explaining how the ANP role in gastroenterology nursing works, will provide a deeper understanding of how, why, for whom and in what contexts the role and contribution of the ANP to gastroenterology nursing are most successful. Methods: A realist review will consolidate evidence on how, when why and where the ANP role in gastroenterology works or fails through identifying programme theories underlying to the role’s introduction. The following steps will be operationalised; locating existing theories, searching the literature, documenting literature selection, engaging in data extraction and synthesis and refining programme theory. As an iterative approach, review cycles will uncover explanatory and contingent theories through context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCc). Due to the variation in context and mechanisms, different outcomes will be likely across different clinical settings although similar patterns may be identified. Conclusions: Due to the theory-oriented approach of realist reviews, the pragmatic consequences of the review, will lend itself to deeper understanding of how the role and contribution of the ANP in gastroenterology nursing works in practice.
Paramedic adult pain assessment: pilot study
Authors: Gangaram Padarath , Alinier Guillaume , Dippenaar Enrico 
Published: December 2021

Background: An inability to assess pain may lead to poor or incorrect treatment. However, pain is often poorly assessed in the prehospital setting. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in the prehospital setting in Qatar with five adult standardised patients. Methods: This prospective, quantitative pilot study gathered primary data using survey questionnaires. Five members of staff played the roles of standardised adult patients presenting with differing reference levels of pain. Thirty-five paramedics assessed and recorded the pain intensity score of these five patients using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Each participant was exposed to the same five patients and the same range of facial expressions in a random order. Results: The paramedics recorded the pain score of the five patients based on their observations of their facial expressions, often unexpectedly comparing these to the FACES tool. Overall, the inter-rater reliability as determined through Fleiss' kappa indicated only a poor-to-slight agreement of the allocated pain scores against the reference standards. There was a wide grouping of the pain score levels around the reference standard; most of the allocations were 1 to 2 pain score levels away from the reference standard, although not in a normal distribution, with some of the higher reference pain levels receiving lower scores and vice versa. Sensitivity was poor to very poor throughout. Conclusion: The inter-rater reliability of the participant sample when using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale to determine pain levels of five standardised patients was poor because the tool was surprisingly not used appropriately by most clinicians. This could be attributed to various factors including the multinational population, language barriers, a lack of familiarisation with the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and other environmental factors.
Intelligent all-fiber device: storage and logic computing
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Cheng Siying , Zhang Yu , Jin Wei , Li Xiang , Li Yaru , Zhang Yaxun , Yang Xinghua , Zhang Jianzhong , Yuan Libo 
Published: December 2021

The typical functions of the optical fiber are communication and sensing. However, the fiber functions need to extend to meet the requirements of the development of artificial intelligence. This paper achieves an all-fiber device with storage and logic computing functions using a single-mode fiber and

Ge

2

Sb

2

Te

5

(GST) material. We use the pulse amplitude modulation (the switching energy is about 50 nJ) to switch the GST state for performing the eight-level data storage (3-bit). The all-fiber memory device has the advantages of high optical contrast (about 38%), good reversibility, and high repeatability. We implement the all-optical logic operations (“AND” and “OR”) by using two memory cells in series and parallel. For the first time, we use the single-mode optical fiber to realize storage and computing functions, and this intelligent fiber has tremendous application potential in intelligent optical fiber communication and portends a new paradigm for brain-like computing.
Hospital costs of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) procedure and management for CTEPH patients: An observational study based on the French national hospital discharge database (PMSI)
Authors: Cottin Vincent , Bensimon Lionel , Raguideau Fanny , Chaize Gwendoline , Hakmé Antoinette , Levy-Bachelot Laurie , Vainchtock Alexandre , Dallongeville Jean , Bouvaist Hélène , Brenot Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Since 2014, Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) has become an emerging and complementary strategy for chronic thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) patients who are not suitable for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) or who have recurrent symptoms after the PEA procedure.

Objective
To assess the hospital cost of BPA sessions and management in CTEPH patients.

Methods
An observational retrospective cohort study of CTEPH-adults hospitalized for a BPA between January 1st, 2014 and June 30th, 2016 was conducted in the 2 centres performing BPA in France (Paris Sud and Grenoble) using the French national hospital discharge database (PMSI-MCO). Patients were followed until 6 months or death, whichever occurred first. Follow-up stays were classified as stays with BPA sessions, for BPA management or for CTEPH management based on a pre-defined algorithm and a medical review using type of diagnosis (ICD-10), delay from last BPA procedure stay and length of stay. Hospital costs (including medical transports) were estimated from National Health Insurance perspective using published official French tariffs from 2014 to 2016 and expressed in 2017 Euros.

Results
A total of 191 patients were analysed; mainly male (53%), with a mean age of 64,3 years. The first BPA session was performed 1.1 years in median (IQR 0.3–2.92) after the first PH hospitalisation. A mean of 3 stays with BPA sessions per patient were reported with a mean length of stay of 8 days for the first stay and 6 days for successive stays. The total hospital cost attributable to BPA was € 4,057,825 corresponding to €8,764±3,435 per stay and €21,245±12,843 per patient. Results were sensitive to age classes, density of commune of residence and some comorbidities.

Conclusions
The study generated robust real-world data to assess the hospital cost of BPA sessions and management in CTEPH patients within its first years of implementation in France.
Nurses and physicians attitudes towards factors related to hospitalized patient safety
Authors: Malinowska-Lipień Iwona , Micek Agnieszka , Gabryś Teresa , Kózka Maria , Gajda Krzysztof , Gniadek Agnieszka , Brzostek Tomasz , Squires Allison 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe attitudes of healthcare staff towards patients’ safety, including awareness of the risk for adverse events, are significant elements of an organization’s safety culture.Aim of researchTo evaluate nurses and physicians’ attitudes towards factors influencing hospitalized patient safety.Materials and methodsThe research included 606 nurses and 527 physicians employed in surgical and medical wards in 21 Polish hospitals around the country. The Polish adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to evaluate the factors influencing attitudes towards patient safety.ResultsBoth nurses and physicians scored highest in stress recognition (SR) (71.6 and 80.86), while they evaluated working conditions (WC) the lowest (45.82 and 52,09). Nurses achieved statistically significantly lower scores compared to physicians in every aspect of the safety attitudes evaluation (p<0.05). The staff working in surgical wards obtained higher scores within stress recognition (SR) compared to the staff working in medical wards (78.12 vs. 73.72; p = 0.001). Overall, positive working conditions and effective teamwork can contribute to improving employees’ attitudes towards patient safety.ConclusionsThe results help identify unit level vulnerabilities associated with staff attitudes toward patient safety. They underscore the importance of management strategies that account for staff coping with occupational stressors to improve patient safety.
Predictors of renal infarction in patients presenting to the emergency department with flank pain: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Nah Sangun , Han Sangsoo , Kim Han Bit , Chun Sohyeon , Kim Sechan , Woo Seungho , Moon Ji Eun , Cho Young Soon 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesFlank pain is a common symptom in the emergency department and can be caused by a variety of diseases. Renal infarction (RI) is a very rare disease, and many RI patients complain of flank pain. However, there is no definitive predictor of RI when patients complain of flank pain. This study aimed to identify the clinical factors for predicting RI in patients with flank pain.MethodsThis retrospective single-center study was conducted on patients complaining of flank pain from January 2016 to March 2020 at a South Korean tertiary care hospital. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not undergo contrast-enhanced computed tomography, age < 18 years, and trauma. Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of RI occurrence.ResultsIn all, 2,131 patients were enrolled, and 39 (1.8%) had RI. From a multivariable logistic regression analysis, an age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.249; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.366–7.725;p= 0.008), male sex (OR, 2.846; 95% CI, 1.190–6.808;p= 0.019), atrial fibrillation (OR, 10.386; 95% CI, 3.724–28.961;p< 0.001), current smoker (OR, 10.022; 95% CI, 4.565–22.001;p< 0.001), and no hematuria (OR, 0.267; 95% CI, 0.114–0.628;p= 0.002) were significantly associated with the occurrence of RI.ConclusionsFive clinical factors, i.e., age ≥ 65 years, male sex, atrial fibrillation, current smoker, and no hematuria, were significantly associated with the occurrence of RI in patients with flank pain.
Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Olalo Joselito Abierta 
Published: December 2021

Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield. Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively
Otwarcie filmu fabularnego, jego funkcje i znaczenie
Authors: Jaroszuk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

Legendary American producers who’d accepted to read tens of scripts had a justified approach to read only first ten pages. Although on a first sight it may appear negligence, they knew well that if they are not convinced by the first pages of the script, it is very likely that the audience won’t feel convinced either. The article concerns the role of the film opening and its structure. Its functions and transformations are described upon the examples of films by Ingmar Bergman and Paul Thomas Anderson.
Verification of Seismic Cone Penetration Test Calibration Chamber Tests on a Sand
Authors: Sadrekarimi Abouzar , Jones Stephen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Calibration chambers are experimental apparatuses that allow the physical modeling of an in situ testing method, such as the cone penetration test (CPT), by performing laboratory experiments on soil samples with known stress, strain, and density characteristics. Over a series of development and improvements, more recent calibration chambers and laboratory cone penetrometers have become compact and less laborious than their predecessors. This includes the focus of this study where a miniature cone penetration testing (MCPT) calibration chamber previously designed and used at Western University is upgraded to measure shear wave velocity (VS) and enable anisotropic consolidation of soil specimens using a hydraulic piston. In addition to VS, MCPT can also measure cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, and excess pore water pressure developed behind the cone tip. A full test plan using the newly upgraded MCPT calibration chamber is presented in this study. These tests are performed on Fraser River sand at various relative densities and effective stresses. Results of this testing program are validated by comparison with a series of in situ seismic CPTs in the Fraser River delta, existing correlations between VS and cone tip resistance, and several other calibration chamber tests on different sands. Through these comparisons, the overall viability of the initial MCPT calibration chamber design, modifications made to the MCPT setup, and ultimately the results produced from this device are confirmed.
Using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer for Low-Temperature Grading of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Komaragiri Satyavati , Filonzi Angelo , Masad Ahmad , Hazlett Darren , Mahmoud Enad , Bhasin Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Superpave Performance Grading (PG) framework or a variation of this framework is often used as a purchase specification in the United States and as a tool to evaluate the expected performance of modified and unmodified asphalt binders in many countries around the world. A cornerstone of the PG framework is the low-temperature grade of the asphalt binder that is assessed using a bending beam rheometer (BBR) using maximum stiffness and a minimum rate of deformation as criteria. Several previous studies from other researchers have demonstrated the feasibility of using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) with a 4-mm parallel plate geometry to measure the rheological properties of asphalt binders at low temperatures. This article builds on these studies to evaluate the feasibility of using a DSR to replace the use of a BBR for low-temperature grading of the asphalt binder using two different approaches. The first approach was to measure complex shear modulus of different asphalt binders using the DSR, convert these measurements to BBR equivalent stiffness and m-value using principles of linear viscoelasticity, and compare the two pairs of parameters from each method. The second approach was to use the complex shear modulus and phase angle measured using the DSR in lieu of using the stiffness and m-value measured using the BBR. Although the results from both methods show feasibility of using the 4-mm plate with the DSR to estimate low-temperature properties, the second approach of measuring and using the DSR-based complex shear moduli and phase angle is a more viable alternative for routine use.
COVID-19 outcomes in people with diabetes in Wales: a secondary analysis of the ABCD audit
Authors: Williams David M , Davies Jim , Field Benjamin CT , Gandhi Rajiv , Harris Sophie , Khunti Kamlesh , Nagi Dinesh , Narendran Parth , Rea Rustam , Ruan Yue , Ryder Robert EJ , Várnai Kinga A , Wild Sarah H , Wilmot Emma G , Min Thinzar , Platts Julia , Chudleigh Richard , Stephens Jeffrey W , Rice Sam 
Published: December 2021

Background: People with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a significantly greater risk of death and/or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) recently audited outcomes for people hospitalised in the UK with diabetes and COVID-19.
Methods: The ABCD COVID-19 and diabetes audit was a retrospective audit of patients admitted to UK hospitals with diabetes and COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Data related to patients admitted in Wales were compared with patients admitted in England and Scotland.
Results: In Wales, 40/82 (48.7%) patients with diabetes had COVID-19-related mortality compared with 1,149/2,916 (39.1%) in the UK group (p=0.08). The Welsh cohort were more likely to be Caucasian, have a higher body mass index and HbA1c, be diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and prescribed a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor or insulin than those in England and Scotland. Patients admitted to the ICU in Wales were more likely to be male and have type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions: Patients admitted to hospital with diabetes and COVID-19 in Wales had a poorer outcome compared with England and Scotland. This disparity may reflect social inequality, differences in cardiovascular risk factors and/or differences in diabetes medications between hospitalised patients in Wales and the UK.
Islamic Book and Islam in Indonesia: a Historical Perspective
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat 
Published: December 2021

Alongside the advance of Islamic reformism in the early twentieth century, one central element to pay attention is the rise of printed media, Islamic book, which enhanced the shaping of the reformist Muslims. Written in Malay with Rumi script, the books with Islamic substance first appeared as part of Islamic reform movement. Nearly all the authors were the leading activists of reformist organizations. This trend continued to develop, leading the books to emerge as an important pillar in the formation of Islamic intellectual discourses. This study focuses on the historical study of the Islamic books development and progression, with strong emphasis given to the ideas behind their rising in the courses of Indonesian history. Based on the classical theory of discourse of Michel Foucault, as well as the one of post-linguistic turn historiography, this article demonstrates, in reference to the three time periods which each presented a specific mode of intellectual thinking, the growing importance of Islamic books in the making of print-based religious life, which paved the way for the strengthening of socio-religious plurality in modern Indonesia. Firstly, Islamic Book as the voice of Islamic reform, secondly, Islamic Books in 1950s-1960s, and lastly, Islamic Books in contemporary Indonesia.