bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abrupt-onset, profound erectile dysfunction in a healthy young man after initiating over-the-counter omeprazole: a case report
Authors: Perry Theodore W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Proton pump inhibitors are frequently used (and often overused) medications with adverse effects including vitamin B12 deficiency, Clostridium difficile colitis, and increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Erectile dysfunction is largely unrecognized as an adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors despite increasing evidence that proton pump inhibitors may contribute to impaired nitric oxide generation and endothelial dysfunction.

Case presentation
A 38-year-old Caucasian man with mild hypertension and no other significant medical history developed profound erectile dysfunction within 2 days of initiating over-the-counter omeprazole therapy, with erectile function rapidly normalizing following discontinuation of the drug. At the time of the episode, the patient was on a stable dose of lisinopril and was taking no other medications or supplements. In the 2 years following the episode, the patient has had no further erectile difficulties.

Conclusion
Further study of erectile dysfunction as an adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors is needed. In the meantime, proton pump inhibitors should be considered as a potential cause of erectile dysfunction in healthy young patients and as a cause or contributor to erectile dysfunction in older patients in whom erectile dysfunction is often attributed to age or comorbidities.
Infrasound detection and altitude estimation associated with the December 22, 2020 Yushu fireball
Authors: Cheng Wei , Teng Pengxiao , Lyu Jun , Dai Yijing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA large bolide was reported at 23:23:33 UTC on December 22, 2020, at a height of ~ 35.5 km at$$31.9^\circ \mathrm{N}$$31.9∘N,$$96.2^\circ \mathrm{E}$$96.2∘Ein Yushu, Qinghai Province, China. It is the largest fireball observed in China on record with a TNT equivalent of 9.5 kilotons. Infrasound signals were detected by a four-element infrasound array deployed in Yunnan Province, China. The parameters of this event were obtained using the progressive multi-channel correlation method. The altitude of this event was estimated to be$$43.22\pm 15.51\mathrm{ km}$$43.22±15.51kmusing a ray tracing back-projection algorithm.
Rhamnus alaternus aqueous extract enhances the capacity of system redox defence and protects hepatocytes against aluminum chloride toxicity in rats
Authors: Benzaid Chahrazed , Tichati Lazhari , Trea Fouzia , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Ouali Kheireddine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of a Rhamnus alaternus aqueous extract (RAAE) on aluminum chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A preliminary phytochemical study and antioxidant activity tests of the extract were performed.

Methods
A preliminary phytochemical study and antioxidant activity tests of the extract were performed. For the in vivo study, twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups. The control group (C); the RAAE group treated with 250 mg/kg b.w RAAE; the AlCl3 group, which received 50 mg/kg b.w AlCl3; and the AlCl3/RAAE group that was treated with AlCl3 plus RAAE.

Results
The RAAE contains several phenolic compounds. This plant extract showed a high radical scavenging effect and high antioxidant activity. Administration of AlCl3 resulted in a significant increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of total proteins and albumin. Moreover, AlCl3 induced a hepatic pro-oxidant effect leading to an increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein contents, the depletion of the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, RAAE supplementation with AlCl3 treatment significantly decreased the levels of MDA and carbonyl proteins and markedly restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. These results are supported by the improvement in liver tissue restoration.

Conclusions
The Rhamnus alaternus aqueous extract was shown to have effective antioxidant activity owing to its phenolic compounds protecting against AlCl3-induced liver oxidative damage.
Retractorless brain surgery: technical considerations
Authors: Nazim Wael Mohamed , Elborady Mohamed Abdelrahman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Retraction is necessary to access deep areas in the brain and skull base, but prolonged and forceful use of fixed retraction might be injurious. Several techniques were developed, in the concept of minimally invasive neurosurgery, to eliminate or minimize the use of fixed retractors. The authors discuss the technical considerations and limits in applying dynamic retraction in brain surgery for a variety of lesions using different approaches.

Results
We retrospectively collected 123 cases with brain lesions in diverse locations, were dynamic retraction, using the tools in the operator hands and was achieved successfully instead of fixed retraction. Cases with aneurysms were excluded, although retraction was applied during clipping only. Superficial and large masses that do not require fixed retraction as a routine were excluded also. We relied mainly on patient positioning to benefit from the gravity, proper design of the craniotomy, arachnoid dissection, cerebrospinal fluid aspiration, and internal decompression of the mass when possible.
Different approaches for different lesions were utilized in our patients, subfrontal or pterional and their modifications in 45.5% of cases, suboccipital in 21.1%, retrosigmoid in 13%, the interhemispheric approach in 10.5%, transcortical to lateral ventricles in 7.3%, and posterior subtemporal in 2.4%.
Dynamic retraction with the surgical tools was used successfully in all cases except 7 patients (5.6%) where we had to use fixed retraction transiently.

Conclusion
Several considerations are helpful and amenable to achieve successful brain surgery without fixed retraction. Utilizing the gravity, unlocking of the brain, choosing the surgical corridor, cerebrospinal fluid suctioning, and mastering of the microsurgical techniques are the keys.
Graduate- and undergraduate-student perceptions of and preferences for teaching practices in STEM classrooms
Authors: Gonsar Ngawang , Patrick Lorelei , Cotner Sehoya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite positive evidence for active learning (AL), lecturing dominates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) higher education. Though instructors acknowledge AL to be valuable, many resist implementing AL techniques, citing an array of barriers including a perceived lack of student buy-in. However, few studies have explored student perceptions of specific AL teaching practices, particularly the perceptions of graduate students. We explored student-reported instructional strategies and student perceptions of and preferences for a variety of teaching practices in graduate and undergraduate classrooms across three STEM colleges at a large, public, research university. We found that both graduate and undergraduate students desired more time for AL and wanted less lecturing than they were currently experiencing. However, there was no single universally desired or undesired teaching practice, suggesting that a variety of AL teaching practices should be employed in both graduate and undergraduate courses.
Comparison of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yunusa Garba Haruna , Kaoje Aminu Umar , Orunmuyi Akintunde Taiwo , More Stuart S. , Jawa Zabah Muhammad , Khalid Abdullahi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
A wide range of nuclear imaging probes have been developed to address different metabolic processes and cell receptors in prostate cancer patients using positron emission techniques to aid diagnosis, staging, and monitoring for recurrence after treatment. While 68Ga PSMA is a generator-derived PET radiopharmaceutical, SPECT/CT imaging using technetium-99m-labeled PSMA is now available as a suitable alternative. The aim of this study is to compare the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer.

Main body of the abstract
A search strategy was developed using text words, MeSH, and entry terms. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Embase, Google scholar, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include (a) all studies that are published or retrievable in English language, (b) observational studies, and (c) histopathology analysis or clinical and imaging follow-up or comparison with reference standards. Exclusion criteria will be interventional studies, editorials, reviews, and commentaries. Quality of the studies will be assessed using QUADAS2 Quality scores and risk of bias for individual studies will be reported. Full text of the studies will be reviewed and snowballed for any relevant literature. Assessment of methodological, clinical, and statistical heterogeneity for all the included studies will be made. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots. Statistical analysis and forest plots will be performed using the Open Meta-analyst software. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be reported according to PRISMA 2015 Statement.

Short conclusion
This review will provide data on diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer. Results from this study will help nuclear medicine service providers to make better decisions on the appropriate use of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT especially with regard to the use of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT which is relatively affordable and more readily available in developing countries when compared to 68-Ga PSMA PECT/CT.
Model Development of CDK4/6 Predicted Efficacy in Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Mason Jeremy , Gong Yutao , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Wedam Suparna , Gao Jennifer J. , Prowell Tatiana M. , Singh Harpreet , Amatya Anup , Tang Shenghui , Pazdur Richard , Kuhn Peter , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE Three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDKIs) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with hormonal therapy (HT). We hypothesized that on an individual basis, efficacy outcomes and adverse event (AE) development can be predicted using baseline patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS Individual-level data from seven randomized controlled trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for new or supplemental marketing applications of CDKIs were pooled. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and AE prediction models were developed for specific treatment regimens (HT v HT plus CDKI). An individual's characteristics were used in all models simultaneously to create a group of predicted outcomes that are comparable across treatment settings. RESULTS Accuracy of the PFS and OS prediction models for HT were 66% and 64%, respectively, with the strongest predictors being menopausal status and therapy line. The corresponding AE prediction models resulted in an average area under the curve of 0.613. Accuracy of the PFS and OS prediction models for HT plus CDKI were 62% and 63%, respectively, with the strongest predictors being histologic grade for both. The corresponding AE prediction models resulted in an average area under the curve of 0.639. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis demonstrated that models of efficacy outcomes and AE development can be developed using baseline patient and tumor characteristics. Comparison of paired models can inform treatment selection for individuals on the basis of the patient's personalized goals and concerns. Although use of CDKIs is standard of care in the first- or second-line setting, this model provides prognostic information that may inform individual treatment decisions.
Anisotropy in Faraday instabilities of a shallow conducting fluid
Authors: Tessier J. , Castro-Folker N. , Poulin F. J. , Stastna M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the impact of temporally varying gravity on an idealized shallow conducting fluid with a free surface. We formulate the problem in terms of the shallow magnetohydrodynamic (SMHD) equations which allows the study of the resulting anisotropy in the context of a Faraday instability. We simplify the linear stability problem into a Mathieu equation by assuming gravity is periodic in time. Using the existing theory of Mathieu's equation, we find that anisotropy occurs, with wave vectors parallel to the imposed magnetic field stabilized. We describe the regions of instability in wave number space.
State-Variable Modeling for a Class of Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization Problems
Authors: Doulabi Hossein Hashemi , Ahmed Shabbir , Nemhauser George 
Published: July 2021

This paper considers a class of two-stage stochastic mixed-integer optimization problems where, for a given first-stage solution, we can determine the optimal values of recourse variables sequentially. This class of problems arises in a wide variety of applications. In the case of multivariate discrete distributions for uncertain parameters, a standard stochastic programming formulation of these problems involves an exponential number of scenarios, therefore an exponential number of variables and constraints. We propose a new mixed-integer programming modeling approach where the number of variables and constraints is independent of the number of scenarios and scales at most pseudopolynomially with the problem size. The proposed modeling approach relies on state variables that track the system’s state as the uncertainty realizes sequentially. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in two applications arising in project scheduling and operating room allocation. Summary of Contribution: This paper proposes a new modeling approach for a class of two-stage stochastic optimization problems that is computationally more efficient than the traditional scenario-based stochastic integer programming models. The proposed modeling approach relies on state variables that track the system's state as the uncertainty realizes sequentially. We demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach by computational results on two applications in project scheduling and operating room allocation.
Relationships between carotid artery intima-media thickness and echogenicity and body composition using a new magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based technique
Authors: Lind Lars , Kullberg Joel , Ahlström Håkan , Strand Robin 
Published: July 2021

Background
We evaluated how carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and the echogenicity of the intima-media (IM-GSM), measured by ultrasound, were related to body composition, evaluated by both traditional imaging techniques, as well as with a new voxel-based “Imiomics” technique.

Methods
In 321 subjects all aged 50 years in the POEM study, IMT and IM-GSM were measured together with a DXA scan for determination of fat and lean mass. Also a whole-body MRI scan was performed and the body volume was divided into >1 million voxels in a standardized fashion. IMT and IM-GSM were related to each of these voxels to create a 3D-view of how these measurements were related to size of each part of the body.

Results
IM-GSM was inversely related to almost all traditional measurements of body composition, like fat and lean mass, liver fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat, but this was not seen for IMT. Using Imiomics, IMT was positively related to the intraabdominal fat volume, as well of the leg skeletal muscle in women. In males, IMT was mainly positively related to the leg skeletal muscle volume. IM-GSM was inversely related to the volume of the SAT in the upper part of the body, leg skeletal muscle, the liver and intraabdominal fat in both men and women.

Conclusion
The voxel-based Imiomics technique provided a detailed view of how the echogenicity of the carotid artery wall was related to body composition, being inversely related to the volume of the major fat depots, as well as leg skeletal muscle.
Commonly available but highly effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 during gastrointestinal endoscopies
Authors: Keil Radan , Hlava Štěpán , Stanovský Petr , Ždímal Vladimír , Šťovíček Jan , Trojánek Milan , Drábek Jiří , Frýbová Barbora , Petráček Vojtěch , Wasserbauer Martin 
Published: July 2021

Background and aims
SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide serious health problem. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the number of potentially infectious particles present during endoscopic procedures and find effective tools to eliminate the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection while performing them.

Methods
An experimental model which focused on aerosol problematics was made in a specialized laboratory. This model simulated conditions present during endoscopic procedures and monitored the formation of potentially infectious fluid particles from the patient’s body, which pass through the endoscope and are then released into the environment. For this reason, we designed and tested a prototype of a protective cover for the endoscope’s control body to prevent the release and spread of these fluid particles from its working channel. We performed measurements with and without the protective cover of the endoscope’s control body.

Results
It was found that liquid coming through the working channel of the endoscope with forceps or other instruments inside generates droplets with a diameter in the range of 0.1–1.1 mm and an initial velocity of up to 0.9 m/s. The average number of particles per measurement per whole measured area without a protective cover on the endoscope control body was 51.1; with this protective cover on, the measurement was 0.0, p<0.0001.

Conclusions
Our measurements proved that fluid particles are released from the working channel of an endoscope when forceps are inserted. A special protective cover for the endoscope control body, made out of breathable material (surgical cap) and designed by our team, was found to eliminate this release of potentially infectious fluid particles.
Communicative and Pragmatic Features of Everyday Media Discourse in French Linguistic Culture
Authors: Belyaeva Svetlana , Kirkolup Olga 
Published: July 2021

The article studies the communicative and pragmatic features of everyday media discourse based on the material of French mass-media, particularly, on the Internet commentary as one of the genres in the field of the most important French media events. Based on the empirical material, the following communicative and pragmatic characteristics of Internet comments are identified: interactivity, creativity, authenticity, emotional intensity, brevity. The results of the study underline the importance of further studying the everyday French media discourse, its linguistic and cultural features, and the importance of making a contrastive-comparative analysis of the Internet comments to the same events by different linguistic cultures (French, Russian, English, etc.), in order to highlight ethnospecific and universal methods of social interaction in everyday virtual discourse and in everyday media discourse in particular.
Clinical and molecular genetic features of cases of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, associated with defects in <i>GNRHR</i> genes
Authors: Makretskaya N. A. , Gerasimova M. V. , Vasilyev E. V. , Zubkova N. A. , Kalinchenko N. Y. , Kolodkina A. A. , Petrov V. M. , Pogoda T. V. , Panova A. V. , Frolova E. B. , Poliakov A. V. , Tiulpakov A. N. 
Published: July 2021

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder characterised by lack of pubertal development and infertility, due to deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Clinically, there are variants of CHH with hypo-/anosmia (Kalman syndrome) and normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Given a growing list of gene mutations accounting for CHH, the application of next generation sequencing (NGS) comprises an excellent molecular diagnostic approach because it enables the simultaneous evaluation of many genes. Biallelic mutations in GNRHR gene lead to the development of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with normosmia. In this paper, we describe 16 patients with proven GnRH resistance and estimate the frequency of pathogenic variants in the GNRHR gene in the Russian population.
Clinical practice guidelines “Management of iodine deficiency disorders”
Authors: Abdulkhabirova F. M. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Brovin D. N. , Vadina T. A. , Melnichenko G. A. , Nagaeva E. V. , Nikankina L. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Platonova N. M. , Rybakova A. A. , Soldatova T. V. , Troshina E. A. , Shiryaeva T. Y. 
Published: July 2021

Iodine deficiency disorders is a sweeping term that includes structural and functional impairment of the thyroid gland.These clinical guidelines include algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of euthyroid goiter and nodular/ multinodular goiter in adults and children. In addition, these clinical guidelines contain information on methods for an adequate epidemiological assessment of iodine deficiency disorders using such markers as the percentage of goiter in schoolchildren, the median urinary iodine concentration, the level of neonatal TSH, the median thyroglobulin in children and adults. As well from these clinical guidelines, you can get to know the main methods and groups of epidemiological studies of iodine deficiency disorders.
Aporte e estoque de serapilheira no Brasil: uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica de 2008 a 2019
Authors: Rodrigues Julia Isabella de Matos , Amaral Layse Fernanda Faro do , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha , Santos Junior Helio Brito dos , Amorim Larissa Sousa Villas-Boas , Rangel-Vasconcelos Lívia Gabrig Turbay 
Published: July 2021

A ciclagem de nutrientes é um processo chave na manutenção de florestas tropicais. A importância da serapilheira na ciclagem de nutrientes é um tema relevante e vem se tornando a base de diversos estudos nas últimas décadas. Com o objetivo de realizar uma análise quali-quantitativa sobre os estudos de serapilheira no Brasil, foi realizada uma bibliometria da produção científica no período de 2008-2019. Analisamos 119 artigos, distribuídos em 19 periódicos. O ano de 2015 apresentou o maior número de publicação com 18 artigos. O estado do Rio de Janeiro representou 13,45% da produção cientifica, e o bioma Mata Atlântica concentrou 55,72% das publicações, o que pode estar relacionado à presença das Fundações de Apoio à Pesquisa que mais investem na ciência brasileira. Mais da metade das publicações realizaram pesquisas em apenas um ecossistema. Do total de publicações, 71,4% quantificou o aporte da serapilheira, enquanto 21,9% o estoque. Os maiores valores de massa seca de serapilheira foram registrados no bioma Amazônia, com 8,32 ± 2,57 Mg ha-¹ ano-1 e nos ecossistemas caracterizados como floresta primária, com 8,19 ± 3,27 Mg ha-¹ ano-¹. Para o estoque, os estudos realizados no Cerrado apresentaram as maiores médias, com 7,24 ± 1,98 Mg ha-¹. Os resultados demonstraram que o número de publicações se concentra em determinadas regiões brasileiras. Além disso, percebem os que o maior número de estudos em ecossistemas de plantio monoespecífico e misto pode estar relacionado à importância ecológica e econômica para o Brasil.