bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of nosocomial infection associated with interhospital transfer of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Marcus Joseph E. , Sams Valerie G. , Aden James K. , Batchinsky Andriy , Sobieszczyk Michal J. , Okulicz Jason F. , Barsoumian Alice E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:Critically ill patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) frequently require interhospital transfer to a center that has ECMO capabilities. Patients receiving ECMO were evaluated to determine whether interhospital transfer was a risk factor for subsequent development of a nosocomial infection.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:A 425-bed academic tertiary-care hospital.Patients:All adult patients who received ECMO for >48 hours between May 2012 and May 2020.Methods:The rate of nosocomial infections for patients receiving ECMO was compared between patients who were cannulated at the ECMO center and patients who were cannulated at a hospital without ECMO capabilities and transported to the ECMO center for further care. Additionally, time to infection, organisms responsible for infection, and site of infection were compared.Results:In total, 123 patients were included in analysis. For the primary outcome of nosocomial infection, there was no difference in number of infections per 1,000 ECMO days (25.4 vs 29.4; P = .03) by univariate analysis. By Cox proportional hazard analysis, transport was not significantly associated with increased infections (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.8–4.2; P = .20).Conclusion:In this study, we did not identify an increased risk of nosocomial infection during subsequent hospitalization. Further studies are needed to identify sources of nosocomial infection in this high-risk population.
Corynexochine trilobites of the Harkless Formation and Mule Spring Limestone (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), Clayton Ridge, Nevada
Authors: Sundberg Frederick A. , Webster Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost Cambrian Series 2 faunas of Laurentia are dominated by olenelline trilobites; however, non-olenelline trilobites occur with the olenellines and sometimes dominate the assemblages. Reported here are such non-olenelline trilobites from the Harkless Formation and Mule Spring Limestone at Clayton Ridge, Nevada. At the bottom of the Saline Valley Tongue, Harkless Formation, are two assemblages that are characterized by corynexochines and/or ptychoparioids, with olenellines occurring as only rare components. The corynexochines present in these assemblages include Bonnia cf. B. brennus (Walcott, 1916), Ovatoryctocara cf. O. yaxiensis Yuan et al., 2009, Protoryctocephalus? aff. P.? arcticus Geyer and Peel, 2011, Ogygopsis sp. indet., and Oryctocephalops frischenfeldi Lermontova, 1940. These assemblages are from the mid-Dyeran Stage, below the lowermost zone in the upper Dyeran (Arcuolenellus arcuatus Biozone), and can be correlated to Series 2 Stage 4 (Cambrian) assemblages in Greenland, Siberia, and South China based on the corynexochines.Also in the Saline Valley Tongue and the overlying Mule Spring Limestone and lowermost Emigrant Formation are olenelloid-dominated assemblages that contain the corynexochines Bonnia columbensis Resser, 1936, Zacanthopsis aff. Z. levis (Walcott, 1886), and Z. sp. indet.
A new genus and three new species of fossil braconid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) from Eocene Baltic and Rovno ambers
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Pankowski Maximilian G. , Pankowski Madeline V. , Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew parasitoid wasps of the family Braconidae are documented from Eocene Baltic and Rovno ambers. A new fossil genus belonging to the braconid subfamily Exothecinae,Palaeocolastesn. gen., with its type speciesP.bruesin. sp., is described and illustrated from Baltic amber. This represents the first reliable fossil record for a member of Exothecinae. Two additional new species from Baltic amber are also described:Ascogaster(Syntaphus)latitibialisn. sp. (Cheloninae) andMeteorus arasnitsynin. sp. (Euphorinae). Another fossil species,Microtypus eocenusn. sp. (Microtypinae), is described from coeval Rovno amber (Ukraine), representing the first braconid species described from this deposit. A new record of a female ofDiospilites brevicornisBrues, 1933 (Diospilitinae) from Baltic amber, together with variation of some diagnostic features of the species and redescription of its subfamily and genus, are also provided.UUID:http://zoobank.org/656cb1a3-b9cf-4696-ae24-0d4df9545101.
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cordwell Amy , McClure Rebecca , Villani Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unclear, particularly in vulnerable older adults. This cross-sectional analysis explored the association between adherence to a MedDiet and subscales of HRQoL in two independent cohorts of overweight and obese middle-aged to older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both cohorts were community-dwelling (T2DM aged ≥ 50 years; non-T2DM aged ≥ 60 years) with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Adherence to a MedDiet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, and HRQoL was determined using the 36-item short-form health survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between adherence to a MedDiet and HRQoL subscales. A total of 152 middle-aged to older adults were included (T2DM: n 87, 71·2 (sd 8·2) years, BMI: 29·5 (sd 5·9) kg/m2; non-T2DM: n 65, 68·7 (sd 5·6) years, BMI: 33·7 (sd 4·9) kg/m2). Mean adherence scores for the entire cohort were 5·3 (sd 2·2) (T2DM cohort: 5·6(sd 2·3); non-T2DM cohort: 4·9 (sd 2·0)). In the adjusted model, using pooled data from both study cohorts, adherence to a MedDiet was significantly associated with the general health subscale of HRQoL (β = 0·223; 95 % CI 0·006, 0·044; P = 0·001). Similar findings were also observed in the T2DM cohort (β = 0·280; 95 % CI 0·007, 0·054; P = 0·001). However, no additional significant associations between adherence to a MedDiet and HRQoL subscales were observed. We showed that adherence to a MedDiet was positively associated with the general health subscale of HRQoL in middle-aged to older adults with T2DM. However, larger longitudinal data in older adults with a wider range of adherence scores, particularly higher adherence, are required to better understand the direction of this relationship.
CASTING THE LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF OPPOSITION ONTO HOHFELD'S FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL CONCEPTS
Authors: de Oliveira Lima João Alberto , Griffo Cristine , Almeida João Paulo A. , Guizzardi Giancarlo , Aranha Marcio Iorio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt the core of Hohfeld's contribution to legal theory is a conceptual framework for the analysis of the legal positions occupied by agents in intersubjective legal relations. Hohfeld presented a system of eight “fundamental” concepts relying on notions of opposition and correlation. Throughout the years, a number of authors have followed Hohfeld in applying the notion of opposition to analyze legal concepts. Many of these authors have accounted for Hohfeld's theory in direct analogy with the standard deontic hexagon. This paper reviews some of these accounts and extends them employing recent developments from opposition theory. In particular, we are able to extend application of opposition theory to an open conception of the law. We also account for the implications of abandoning the assumption of conflict-freedom and admitting seemingly conflicting legal positions. This enables a fuller analysis of Hohfeld's conceptual analytical framework. We also offer a novel analysis of Hohfeld's power positions.
Acquisition, mobility and food insecurity: integrated food systems opportunities across urbanicity levels highlighted by COVID-19
Authors: Mui Yeeli , Headrick Gabby , Raja Samina , Palmer Anne , Ehsani Johnathon , Pollack Porter Keshia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate acquisition and mobility experiences of food-insecure individuals across urbanicity levels (i.e., urban, suburban, rural) in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Cross-sectional study using a nationally representative online panel to measure where food-insecure individuals acquired food, food acquisition barriers and mobility to food sources, which were evaluated across urbanicity levels using chi-squared tests and 95 % CI.Setting:USA.Participants:2011 adults (18 years or older).Results:Food insecurity impacted 62·3 % of adults in urban areas, 40·5 % in rural areas and 36·7 % in suburban areas (P < 0·001). Food acquisition barriers that were significantly more prevalent among food-insecure adults in urban areas were a change in employment status (34·2 %; 95 % CI 27·2 %, 41·1 %; P < 0·0001) and limited availability of food in retailers (38·8 %; 95 % CI 31·7 %, 45·9 %; P < 0·001). In rural areas, food-insecure adults primarily acquired food for the household from supercentres (61·5 %; 95 % CI 50·4 %, 72·5 %; P < 0·05), while locally sourced foods were less common among food-insecure adults in rural areas (6·9 %; 95 % CI 0·01 %, 13·0 %) compared to urban areas (19·8 %; 95 % CI 14·3 %, 25·4 %; P < 0·01). Transportation as a barrier did not vary significantly by urbanicity, but food-insecure adults across urbanicity levels reported utilising a range of transportation modes to acquire food.Conclusions:A planning approach that links urban and rural areas could address food insecurity by enhancing the integration of food production, transportation and food distribution, building towards a more resilient and equitable food system for all Americans.
The effect of rapidly discharging psychiatric inpatients from Mental Health Act section during COVID-19: a cohort study
Authors: Payne-Gill J. , Whitfield C. , Beck A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
In March 2020, the UK government ordered mental health services to free up bed space to help manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This meant service users detained under the Mental Health Act were discharged at a higher rate than normal. We analysed whether this decision compromised the safety of this vulnerable group of service users.

Methods
We utilised a cohort study design and allocated service users to either the pre-rapid discharge, rapid discharge or post-rapid discharge group. We conducted a recurrent event analysis to assess group differences in the risk of experiencing negative outcomes during the 61 days post-discharge. We defined negative outcomes as crisis service use, re-admission to a psychiatric ward, community incidents of violence or self-harm and death by suicide.

Results
The pre-rapid discharge cohort included 258 service users, the rapid discharge cohort 127 and the post-rapid discharge cohort 76. We found no statistical association between being in the rapid discharge cohort and the risk of experiencing negative outcomes (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.72–1.8, p = 0.58) but a trend towards statistical significance for service users in the post-rapid discharge cohort (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 0.91–2.83, p = 0.1).

Conclusions
We did not find evidence that service users rapidly discharged from section experienced poorer outcomes. This raises the possibility that the Mental Health Act is applied in an overly restrictive manner, meaning that sections for some formally detained service users could be ended earlier without compromising safety.
Towards a Communicative Test of Reading and Language Use for Classical Greek
Authors: Poupounaki-Lappa Polyxeni , Peristeri Tzortzina , Coniam David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a communicative test of Reading and Language Use for Classical Greek, aimed at students at CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) levels A1 and A2. A discussion is first provided of traditional pedagogical approaches which have for many decades dominated the teaching of classical languages, followed by suggestions why these may be supplanted with more modern communicative approaches. Focus then moves to assessment, where, it is suggested, methods are equally rooted in traditional, form-focused methods. If teaching is to become more communicative, it is argued, so should assessment. Against this backdrop, the development of a test of Reading and Language Use for students of Classical Greek at CEFR levels A1 and A2 is described.
Correlation Based Time Evolution of the Archeomagnetic Field
Authors: Schanner M. , Mauerberger S. , Korte M. , Holschneider M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a previous study, a new snapshot modeling concept for the archeomagnetic field was introduced (Mauerberger et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa336). By assuming a Gaussian process for the geomagnetic potential, a correlation‐based algorithm was presented, which incorporates a closed‐form spatial correlation function. This work extends the suggested modeling strategy to the temporal domain. A space‐time correlation kernel is constructed from the tensor product of the closed‐form spatial correlation kernel with a squared exponential kernel in time. Dating uncertainties are incorporated into the modeling concept using a noisy input Gaussian process. All but one modeling hyperparameters are marginalized, to reduce their influence on the outcome and to translate their variability to the posterior variance. The resulting distribution incorporates uncertainties related to dating, measurement and modeling process. Results from application to archeomagnetic data show less variation in the dipole than comparable models, but are in general agreement with previous findings.
The Relationship Between TGF Production in Thunderstorms and Lightning Flash Rates and Amplitudes
Authors: Larkey R. K. , Sample J. G. , Smith D. M. , Lapierre J. L. , DiGangi E. , Holzworth R. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe provide evidence that Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes (TGFs), in well isolated thunderstorms, tend to occur during periods of low and declining flash rates, and when the flash amplitudes are larger than average. This conclusion comes from examining the results of 371 manually tracked TGF‐producing thunderstorms. Fermi‐GBM identified TGFs are used for this analysis and lightning data come from both World Wide Lightning Location Network and Earth Networks Total Lightning Network. The data from these storms suggest that TGFs are likely to occur in almost every phase of storms that last longer than an hour, but tend to occur later on in shorter storms. We also note that, in short storms, TGFs are more likely to accompany a flash when the flash rates of the storm are lower than average, and they are less likely per flash during the peak flash rate periods of the storms. We find that the tendency for TGFs to occur while the flash rate is falling and when the amplitudes of flashes (the sum of the absolute values of peak currents of all constituent sferics in the flash) are larger than average, does not depend strongly on the duration of the storms. This implies that not just any lightning flash can or even will produce a TGF, but that the electrical conditions of the storm play a crucial role in TGF production.
Physics‐Informed Neural Network Method for Forward and Backward Advection‐Dispersion Equations
Authors: He QiZhi , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose a discretization‐free approach based on the physics‐informed neural network (PINN) method for solving the coupled advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) and Darcy flow equation with space‐dependent hydraulic conductivity . In this approach, , hydraulic head, and concentration fields are approximated with deep neural networks (DNNs). We assume that K(x) is given by its values on a grid, and we use these values to train the K DNN. The head and concentration DNNs are trained by minimizing the residuals of the flow equation and ADE and using the initial and boundary conditions as additional constraints. The PINN method is applied to one‐ and two‐dimensional forward ADEs, where its performance for various Péclet numbers (Pe) is compared with the analytical and numerical solutions. We find that the PINN method is accurate with errors of less than 1% and outperforms some conventional discretization‐based methods for large Pe. Next, we demonstrate that the PINN method remains accurate for the backward ADEs, with the relative errors in most cases staying under 5% compared to the reference concentration field. Finally, we show that when available, the concentration measurements can be easily incorporated in the PINN method and significantly improve (by more than 50% in the considered cases) the accuracy of the PINN solution of the backward ADE.
Sub‐Seasonal Forecasting With a Large Ensemble of Deep‐Learning Weather Prediction Models
Authors: Weyn Jonathan A. , Durran Dale R. , Caruana Rich , Cresswell‐Clay Nathaniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an ensemble prediction system using a Deep Learning Weather Prediction (DLWP) model that recursively predicts six key atmospheric variables with six‐hour time resolution. This computationally efficient model uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on a cubed sphere grid to produce global forecasts. The trained model requires just three minutes on a single GPU to produce a 320‐member set of six‐week forecasts at 1.4° resolution. Ensemble spread is primarily produced by randomizing the CNN training process to create a set of 32 DLWP models with slightly different learned weights. Although our DLWP model does not forecast precipitation, it does forecast total column water vapor and gives a reasonable 4.5‐day deterministic forecast of Hurricane Irma. In addition to simulating mid‐latitude weather systems, it spontaneously generates tropical cyclones in a one‐year free‐running simulation. Averaged globally and over a two‐year test set, the ensemble mean RMSE retains skill relative to climatology beyond two‐weeks, with anomaly correlation coefficients remaining above 0.6 through six days. Our primary application is to subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasting at lead times from two to six weeks. Current forecast systems have low skill in predicting one‐ or 2‐week‐average weather patterns at S2S time scales. The continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) and the ranked probability skill score (RPSS) show that the DLWP ensemble is only modestly inferior in performance to the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) S2S ensemble over land at lead times of 4 and 5–6 weeks. At shorter lead times, the ECMWF ensemble performs better than DLWP.
Towards the End of Drying of Granular Materials: Enhanced Evaporation and Drying‐Induced Collapse
Authors: Wang Zhongzheng , Maillet Benjamin , Pereira Jean‐Michel , Gan Yixiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe experimentally study the drying of loosely packed wet glass beads at low initial water content. The drying rate is found to decrease at the start, corresponding to the decreasing rate period controlled by vapor diffusion, followed by a deviation in drying rate from the diffusion limited evaporation. The propagation of drying front associated with a sharp saturation gradient is identified through both image analysis and magnetic resonance imaging technique. The drying‐induced collapse of granular medium is observed and quantified. The concentrated collapse at the end of drying suggests the existence of liquid in the form of liquid bridges in the apparent dry region until the end of drying process. Collapse event is found to be local, that is, a clear boundary can be identified for each collapse event, below which the loosely packed medium remains intact. This indicates the existence of a saturation gradient in the apparent dry region. The drying dynamics and collapse statistics suggest that the observed transition of drying regimes is due to Kelvin effect. This work demonstrates for the first time the drying enhancement phenomenon due to Kelvin effect even for grains with size of hundreds of micrometers, and provides insights on the drying process of partially saturated granular materials, especially near the final period of evaporation.
Clinical efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste at relieving dentin hypersensitivity: an 8 weeks randomized control trial
Authors: Amaechi Bennett Tochukwu , Lemke Kelly C. , Saha Shyamali , Luong Minh N. , Gelfond Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of several toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) to relieve dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) with that of a commercial desensitizing dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS).

Materials and methods
In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial, patients diagnosed with DHS and qualified to participate were randomized into four groups: toothpaste containing 10% nano-HAP (10%nano-HAP), 15% nano-HAP (15%nano-HAP), 10% nano-HAP supplemented with potassium nitrate (KNO3) (10%nano-HAPKN), or CSPS. Subjects’ baseline and post-treatment sensitivities were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) after the application of ice-cold and air stimuli. Subjects used their assigned toothpaste for routine toothbrushing twice daily. Post-treatment sensitivity was assessed every 2 or 8 weeks. Mean change in VAS (mm) from baseline at each time point were compared using random-intercept, mixed-model analysis and Duncan test (P < 0.05).

Results
With either air or cold stimulus, VAS indicated a significant (P < 0.001) reduction from baseline DHS at each time point with all test toothpastes. Among the nano-HAP toothpastes, 15%nano-HAP and 10%nano-HAPKN were consistent in DHS reduction with both stimuli. With either stimuli, the CSPS did not significantly differ from 15%nano-HAP and 10%nano-HAPKN at any time point.

Conclusions
Toothpaste containing nano-HAP (10 or 15%) alone or supplemented with KNO3 was as effective as CSPS for relief of DHS symptoms when used at least twice daily.
Rationalisation and 'McDonaldisation' in dental care: private dentists' experiences working in corporate dentistry
Authors: Holden Alexander C. L. , Adam Lee , Thomson William M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction This study examines how dentists experience the corporatisation of dentistry and the impacts of rationalisation. The emergence of corporate dentistry in the early twenty-first century has introduced greater competition into the dental marketplace. Ritzer's theory of 'McDonaldisation' explores the rationalisation of services through corporatisation and provides an apt framework with which to understand the qualitative insights gathered through this project.Methods Semi-structured interviews and reflective journals were used to collect insights from dentists who were working in private practice. Data were then subjected to thematic analysis.Results A total of 20 private dentist participants provided 22 separate interviews and multiple reflective accounts. Following analysis, three key themes emerged: 1) opportunities provided by corporate dentistry; 2) balance between professionalism and commercialism in corporate dentistry; and 3) competition between independent and corporate dentistry.Conclusions The participants' insights demonstrate how Ritzer's four dimensions of rationalisation - efficiency, predictability, calculability and control - have been encapsulated by corporate dentistry in Australia. Corporate interests in Australian dentistry are perceived to improve competition and offer opportunities for younger and less experienced dentists, but the findings also suggest that those leading corporate dentistry need to ensure that rationalisation does not diminish the caring relationship between dentists and patients.