bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for Estimating Locations of Housing Units Served by Private Domestic Wells in the United States Applied to 2010
Authors: Murray Andrew , Hall Alexander , Weaver James , Kremer Fran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 1990, the last time the decennial census included a question on domestic drinking water source, it was estimated that private domestic water wells (PDWs) supplied household water to about 15.1 million housing units (15% of the population) in the United States (U.S.). PDWs are not regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and with few exceptions, are not subject to the water quality testing required of public water suppliers. We expanded two methods in estimating housing units reliant on PDWs from an Oklahoma pilot study (Weaver et al. 2017), nationally. Both use 1990 census data on drinking water sources as a baseline. The first method uses housing unit change and private well drilling logs for 20 states. This allows for the rate of well use to change between 1990 and 2010 in these states. The second, based solely on housing unit change, assumes a constant rate of well use. Ordinary least squares regression demonstrated (R2 = 0.78) that the methods yield similar estimates for nationwide well use. Using the housing unit change method, it is estimated that in 2010, 23 million housing units were reliant on PDWs (17% of the population). We provide these estimates at the census block group and census block resolution. This dataset will assist in a better understanding of the reliance on PDWs in the U.S., and position local, tribal, state, and national groups to better protect this water resource from contaminant sources.
Genomic attributes differ between Vibrio parahaemolyticus environmental and clinical isolates including pathotypes
Authors: Meparambu Prabhakaran Divya , Patel Hardip R. , Sivakumar Krishnankutty Chandrika Sivakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2021

SummaryVibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium and causes opportunistic gastroenteritis in humans. Clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus contain haemolysin and type III secretion systems (T3SS) that define their pathotype. A growing number of strains isolated recently from the environment have acquired these virulence genes constituting a pool of potential pathogens. This study used comparative genomics to identify genetic factors that delineate environmental and clinical V. parahaemolyticus population and understand the similarities and differences between the T3SS2 phylotypes. The comparative analysis revealed the presence of a cluster of genes belonging to bacterial cellulose synthesis (bcs) in isolates of environmental origin. This cluster, previously unreported in V. parahaemolyticus, exhibit significant similarity to that of Aliivibrio fischeri, and might dictate a potentially new mechanism of its environmental adaptation and persistence. The study also identified many genes predicted in silico to be T3SS effectors that are unique to T3SS2β of tdh−trh+ and tdh+trh+ pathotype and having no identifiable homologue in tdh+trh− T3SS2α. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of understanding the genes and strategies V. parahaemolyticus utilize for the myriad interactions with its hosts, either marine invertebrates or humans.
Intraoperative open lung condition and postoperative pulmonary complications. A secondary analysis of iPROVE and iPROVE‐O2 trials
Authors: Ferrando Carlos , Librero Julian , Tusman Gerardo , Serpa‐Neto Ary , Villar Jesús , Belda Francisco J. , Costa Eduardo , Amato Marcelo B. P. , Suarez‐Sipmann Fernando ,   the iPROVE Network Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe preventive role of an intraoperative recruitment maneuver plus open lung approach (RM + OLA) ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) remains unclear. We aimed at investigating whether an intraoperative open lung condition reduces the risk of developing a composite of PPCs.MethodsPost hoc analysis of two randomized controlled trials including patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients were classified according to the intraoperative lung condition as “open” (OL) or “non‐open” (NOL) if PaO2/FIO2 ratio was ≥ or <400 mmHg, respectively. We used a multivariable logistic regression model that included potential confounders selected with directed acyclic graphs (DAG) using Dagitty software built with variables that were considered clinically relevant based on biological mechanism or evidence from previously published data. PPCs included severe acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia.ResultsA total of 1480 patients were included in the final analysis, with 718 (49%) classified as OL. The rate of severe PPCs during the first seven postoperative days was 6.0% (7.9% in the NOL and 4.4% in the OL group, p = .007). OL was independently associated with a lower risk for severe PPCs during the first 7 and 30 postoperative days [odds ratio of 0.58 (95% CI 0.34–0.99, p = .04) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.34–0.94, p = .03), respectively].ConclusionsAn intraoperative open lung condition was associated with a reduced risk of developing severe PPCs in intermediate‐to‐high risk patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT02158923 (iPROVE), NCT02776046 (iPROVE‐O2).
Epiphyas intrepidasp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): an endemic, not a stowaway, on Lord Howe Island
Authors: Hitchcock Bobbie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe tortricid moth genusEpiphyasTurner, 1927, comprises 39 described species and is largely confined to the Australian mainland and Tasmania. Lord Howe Island is the only other place where more than oneEpiphyasspecies is found, these beingEpiphyas postvittana(Walker, 1863), a widely polyphagous and widespread horticultural pest commonly known as the ‘light brown apple moth’, and a second species identified by J. D. Bradley asEpiphyas aulacana(Meyrick, 1881). Because Lord Howe Island is on the UNESCO's world heritage register, it is important to distinguish native from exotic insects as a means for uncovering and managing biosecurity threats to the island. To test whetherE. aulacanasensu Bradley is indeed conspecific withE. aulacana‐like moths from the Australian mainland and Tasmania, specimens from all three islands were examined, and nucleotide sequence data obtained and compared from the mitochondrial gene region cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) and three nuclear gene regions: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and the carbomoylphosphate synthetase (CPS) domain of the gene known as CAD. The results suggest that the second species is notE. aulacanabut a new species,Epiphyas intrepidasp. nov., which like its larval host plantCassinia tenuifoliaBentham, 1867, is endemic to the island.
Dense, continent‐wide, molecular and morphological sampling supports old and new taxa in Australian pentaneurine Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Cranston Peter S , Krosch Matt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Chironomidae subfamily Tanypodinae in Australia is subject to continuing study in a global context and contains a mix of endemic and widespread genera. The monophyletic, globally diverse genus Larsia Fittkau has been sampled extensively in all life stages throughout Australia, and from the northern hemisphere and South America. Molecular evidence supports a previously ‘coded’ Australian taxon as its sister group, described here as a new genus, Paralarsia gen. nov., for the single species P. maiwar sp. nov. A shallower and highly sampled Australian cluster allocated to Larsia albiceps Johannsen is redescribed here, substantially conforming to prevailing generic diagnoses in each life stage. The species is common and abundant across Australia, including in ephemeral arid‐zone waters and drainages affected by historic mining. A continent‐wide species for which no cryptic species are revealed by molecular analyses is unusual and counter‐intuitive. Only one morphologically distinctive taxon, from uranium mine‐affected streams in tropical Australia, is recognised as new although in the absence of molecular data: Larsia wakbarrarn sp. nov., based on larva, pupa and pharate adults. Some pupal Larsia from south‐east Asia are differentiated and variation discussed relative to L. albiceps, and some consideration is given to neotropical diversity.
The potential for moral hazard behavior in irrigation decisions under crop insurance
Authors: Suchato Paloch , Mieno Taro , Schoengold Karina , Foster Timothy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design of federal crop insurance has attracted the interest and attention of many economists and policymakers in the United States. Moral hazard is a frequently cited concern, as insurance may reduce the incentive for farmers to manage properly their agricultural operation. Moral hazard could play a role in irrigation decisions by incentivizing a farmer to choose a riskier irrigation management strategy, potentially affecting the long‐term sustainability of water resources. We use numerical simulation to determine if insurance coverage affects incentives on seasonal irrigation use. Results show that the potential for moral hazard at current costs and policy parameters is low, but that there is potential for moral hazard behavior when the cost of irrigation is high. Hence, conservation policies that increase the cost of irrigation cost (e.g., a water tax) may amplify the potential for moral hazard. In most cases, crop insurance provides a secondary effect that reduces irrigation use in addition to the direct water tax effect, although this reduction comes at increased taxpayer expense. However, it is possible that irrigation use increases under crop insurance. Therefore, there is a need for the explicit consideration of the unintended side effects of crop insurance on farmers’ irrigation water use decisions, particularly in regions experiencing water scarcity and rising marginal costs of irrigation.
Spatial distribution of an assemblage of an endemic genus of birds: an example from Madagascar
Authors: Chiatante Gianpasquale 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the distribution and of the realised niche of a species is essential for an understanding of its ecology, especially in the case of poorly known species. To reach this goal, species distribution models (SDMs) can be developed to explain how environmental variables shape the distribution of species. The main aim of this research is to provide new insights concerning the nine species of Coua, endemic birds of Madagascar. This study is relevant because ecological studies on Couas are uncommon, and although these species are listed as Least Concern by IUCN, some of them are declining. The relationships between each species and the environment, particularly land cover, topography and climate, were investigated through MaxEnt. Next, the amount of niche overlap among species was calculated to investigate whether there is any spatial niche segregation. The results showed that the nine species of Coua select many habitat types, especially broadleaved forests, although some species also used mosaics of forests and croplands. Despite the lack of evidence of a larger spatial overlap between different Coua species with different habits than between species with similar habits, for many of them, there is overlap, which can mainly be explained by ecological and behavioural differences.
Disparaging vs. Recognizing the White Working Class in Friends, Desperate Housewives, and The Big Bang Theory
Authors: Wang Zhihe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManual labor is stigmatized in both China and the United States. There is a tendency to look down on those who perform physical labor. On American television, white working‐class characters are often humiliated and mocked by upper‐middle‐class characters. The tradition of despising the working class is present in the situation comedy Friends. In Desperate Housewives, the same theme is present, but there is a shift in this series. The most likable and decent character is a plumber who is also a good role model. In The Big Bang Theory, the usual roles are largely reversed. The true hero of the series is a working‐class woman, while the foolish characters are upper‐middle‐class men with high levels of education. These and other television series offer a glimpse into conflicts based on social class divisions that remain largely invisible. They also reveal possible ways to resolve social tensions in modern societies.
The Evil of the Buttocks: Negative Labeling of Latino Blackness Through Caribbean Music, and How They Learned to Play the Game
Authors: Castro Aniyar Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe our ethnographic observations and personal experience about how Afro‐Caribbean music and its musical videos profited historically from negative labeling to produce status and national identity. We compare contemporary experience with reggaetón with historical data about several musical genres, from the Inquisition to the 20th century. During this period, the introduction of African‐inspired dances violated racial boundaries that upper‐class European elites sought to preserve. Hostility to the resulting music and dance that were used by mixed‐race populations to find new forms of status remains at the heart of negative labeling of Blackness by whites and by higher classes. Do you like Latino dance music? Choose a sound system and enjoy this story.
The Sentiments of the Marginalized in Movies: A Symptom of Chinese Society
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Zhang Guidan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is not a custom in Chinese cinema to use marginalized characters and disadvantaged groups as protagonists and to pay close attention to their personal sentiments. In the last decade, however, this subject has gradually become important. Sentiment is the immediate expression of individual emotion and the focus of natural, social, and psychological ecology. This article will explore the social and economic mechanisms that underlie the sentiments of four categories of marginalized characters in Chinese films—rural women, people with serious illnesses, criminals, and daydreamers—and will shed light on a little‐known side of a rapidly developing China.
Local protocol helped to deliver vitamin D levels more accurately in preterm infants
Authors: Mathilde Mauras , Butin Marine , Pascal Roy , Plaisant Franck , Laborie Sophie , Bacchetta Justine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a local hospital protocol of vitamin D supplementation for preterm infants, which was modified in 2016.MethodsWe focussed on 99 preterm infants born before 31 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Bron, France, from 1 January to 31 December 2018. Calcium and urinary calcium were measured, and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were monitored monthly and supplementation was adjusted, with 50–120 nmol/L considered normal. The results are presented as medians and interquartile ranges.ResultsThe infants were enrolled at a gestational age of 28.0 [26.9–29.1] weeks and birth weight of 960 [800–1160] g. When they were discharged at 37.3 [35.2–39.8] weeks, the overall 25(OH)D level was 98 [79–140] nmol/L: 4% had low levels, 63% had normal levels and 33% had high levels. Vitamin D supplementation was withdrawn for 60% more than one month before discharge. Rickets or fractures were not reported.ConclusionThe modified protocol limited underdosing and significant overdosing, but moderate hypervitaminosis D was still frequent. Urgent studies are needed to determine the optimal supplementation and clinical impact of 25(OH)D on comorbidities in preterm infants.
Educated for welfare services—The hidden curriculum of upper secondary school for students with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Gustavsson Anders , Wendelborg Christian , Tøssebro Jan 
Published: August 2021

Accessible Summary

Studies show that very few students with intellectual disabilities get a job after secondary school.

Most graduates end up depending on benefits and social services.

The aim of this study is to understand this contradiction between the goal of employment and what actually happens.

We found parts of secondary school and social security which hinder employment.

Secondary schools prepare students for what they see as the most realistic future: a life on welfare and benefits.

AbstractBackgroundIn many countries, the goal of secondary education for students with intellectual disabilities is to transition to the labour market. However, research and reviews consistently show that employment rates are very low for graduates with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this article is to scrutinise the preparation for school‐to‐work transition in Norwegian upper secondary education and employment services to elicit what really goes on.MethodsThis article is an in‐depth interpretation of two earlier published, empirical Norwegian studies of upper secondary education for students with intellectual disabilities and their school‐to‐work transitions.FindingsAnalysis of the characteristics of Norwegian upper secondary education identified a trajectory away from the labour market—reinforced by the social security and support systems.ConclusionDrawing on Argyris & Schön’s (Organisational learning: A theory of action perspective, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1978) classic work on “espoused theory and theory‐in‐use,” the analysis identified a hidden curriculum based on a perception of “realistic” ambitions which pave the way for a graduate life consisting, mostly, of welfare services.
Topographic growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the middle‐late Miocene: Insights from integrated provenance analysis in the NE Qaidam Basin
Authors: Li Chaopeng , Zheng Dewen , Zhou Renjie , Wang Weitao , Yu Jingxing , Liu Caicai , Wang Yizhou , Pang Jianzhang , Ma Yan , Hao Yuqi , Li Youjuan , Wang Xueye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development history of high topography in the northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau is essential to test various plateau growth models and understand plateau construction. We present integrated provenance data from the NE Qaidam Basin, south of the Qilian Shan. Results show an increase in carbonate lithics, an increase in Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, a negative shift in εNd values and an appearance of large amounts of Precambrian zircon grains in the period of ca. 13–8 Ma, arguing that the sediment source of the NE Qaidam Basin may have shifted from the East Kunlun Shan to the Qilian Shan during this time interval. We infer that significant topographic growth of the southern Qilian Shan occurred during the middle‐late Miocene. Along with widespread middle to late Miocene deformation records across the Qilian Shan and abruptly shifts on provenance, sedimentary facies and climate indexes in its surrounding basins, present high topography of the NE Tibetan Plateau may have been established since the middle‐late Miocene.
Inhibition of acid ceramidase elicits mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Taniai Tomohiko , Shirai Yoshihiro , Shimada Yohta , Hamura Ryoga , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Takada Naoki , Horiuchi Takashi , Haruki Koichiro , Furukawa Kenei , Uwagawa Tadashi , Tsuboi Kazuhito , Okamoto Yasuo , Shimada Shu , Tanaka Shinji , Ohashi Toya , Ikegami Toru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the inhibition of acid ceramidase (AC) is known to induce antitumor effects in various cancers, there are few reports in pancreatic cancer, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, there is currently no safe administration method of AC inhibitor. Here the effects of gene therapy using siRNA and shRNA for AC inhibition with its mechanisms for pancreatic cancer were investigated. The inhibition of AC by siRNA and shRNA using an adeno‐associated virus 8 (AAV8) vector had antiproliferative effects by inducing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and xenograft mouse model. Acid ceramidase inhibition elicits mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and manganese superoxide dismutase suppression, resulting in apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells accompanied by ceramide accumulation. These results elucidated the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of AC inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells and suggest the potential of the AAV8 vector to inhibit AC as a therapeutic strategy.
Beyond the male breadwinner: Life‐cycle living standards of intact and disrupted English working families, 1260–1850
Authors: Horrell Sara , Humphries Jane , Weisdorf Jacob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article provides a novel framework within which to evaluate real household incomes of predominantly rural working families of various sizes and structures in England in the years 1260–1850. We reject ahistorical assumptions about complete reliance on men's wages and male breadwinning, moving closer to reality by including women and children's contributions to family incomes. Our empirical strategy benefits from recent estimates of men's annual earnings, so avoiding the need to gross up day rates using problematic assumptions about days worked, and from new data on women and children's wages and labour inputs. A family life‐cycle approach which accommodates consumption smoothing through saving adds further breadth and realism. Moreover, the analysis embraces two historically common but often overlooked family types alternative to the traditional male‐breadwinner model: one where the husband is missing having died or deserted, and one where the husband is present but unwilling or unable to find work. Our framework suggests living standards varied widely by family structure and dependency ratio. Incorporating detailed demographic data available for 1560 onward suggests that small and intact families enjoyed high and rising living standards after 1700, while large or disrupted families depended on child labour and poor relief untilc. 1830. A broader perspective on family structures informs understanding of the chronology and nature of poverty and coping strategies.