bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microanalysis of Two Members of Oxicam Drugs by Quenching the Fluorescence of Newly Isolated Carbonaceous Materials From Incense Ash
Authors: Rizk. Mohamed Mohamed Salem , gadallah. Emad Ramzy gadallah. abd el malak , manakhly nabil abdel ghany. , Toubar. Safaa shafik , solliman Marwa Helmy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For the first time ever, useful fluorescent (FL) carbonaceous materials (CMTS) were isolated from incense ash using facile procedure on two steps; dispersion of the CMTS in water followed by filtration. The CMTS were characterized using the following techniques; dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The CMTS exhibit excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence emission, so it can be used as a FL probe. The FL probe was employed for sensing and quantitative determination of two members of oxicam family (tenoxicam (TEN) and meloxicam (MEL)) that belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The method is based on the quenching of the FL intensity of the isolated CMTS by inner filter effect mechanism (IFE). The FL intensity decreases in linear relationship with the concentrations of the two cited drugs within the range of 4.0 – 30.0 µg/mL and mean percentage recoveries of 100.04 ± 0.95 and 100.07± 1.06 with detection limits of 1.31 µg/mL and 1.06 µg/mL for TEN and MEL , respectively. Finally, the developed sensing system was validated as per ICH guidelines and it was proved to be accurate and precise and applied successfully for quantitative determination of the two cited drugs in their capsule dosage forms with excellent percentage recoveries reaching to 97.66 ± 0.39and 98.19 ± 1.12 for TEN and MEL, respectively.
Evidence for a Compact Object in the Aftermath of the Extra-Galactic Transient AT2018cow
Authors: Pasham Dheeraj , Ho Wynn , Alston William , Remillard Ronald , Ng Mason , Gendreau Keith , Metzger Brian , Altamirano Diego , Chakrabarty Deepto , Fabian Andrew , Miller Jon , Bult Peter , Arzoumanian Zaven , Steiner James , Strohmayer Tod , Tombesi Francesco , Homan Jeroen , Cackett Edward , Harding Alice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fast Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs) are mysterious extragalactic explosions that may represent a new class of astrophysical phenomena. Their fast time to maximum brightness of less than 10 days and decline over less than 2 months and unusual optical spectra and evolution are difficult to explain within the context of core-collapse of massive stars which are powered by radioactive decay of Nickel-56 and evolve slowly on months timescales. AT2018cow (at a redshift of 0.014) is an extreme FBOT both in terms of rapid evolution and high X-ray and bolometric luminosities. Several alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain its unusual properties. These include shock interactions with dense circumstellar medium, tidal disruption of a star by a 10,000−million solar mass black hole, failed supernova with fallback accretion onto a newborn black hole, neutron star formed in a supernova or from merging compact objects, etc. Here, we present evidence for a high-amplitude (fractional root-mean-squared amplitude of>30%) quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of AT2018cow’s soft X-rays with a centroid frequency of roughly 225 Hz (statistically significant at the 3.7-sigma level, or a false alarm probability of 0.02%). This signal is found in the average power density spectrum of data taken over the entire outburst lasting roughly 60 days and thus suggests that the signal is highly persistent over several hundreds of millions of cycles (60 daysx225 Hz). This high frequency (rapid timescale) of 225 Hz (4.4 ms) argues for the presence of a compact object in AT2018cow which can either be a neutron star or a black hole, and disfavors circumstellar medium interactions for the origin of X-ray emission. Also, the QPO’s timescale sets an upper limit on the compact object's mass to be 850 solar masses, and thus disfavors models with a heavier black hole. If the QPO represents the spin period of a neutron star we can set upper limits on its magnetic field under different scenarios. This work highlights a new way of using high time-resolution X-ray observations to study FBOTs.
Structural Insight Into Host Plasma Membrane Association and Assembly of HIV-1 Matrix Protein
Authors: Ciftci Halil , Tateishi Hiroshi , Koiwai Kotaro , Koga Ryoko , Anraku Kensaku , Monde Kazuaki , Dag Cagdas , Destan Ebru , Yuksel Busra , Ayan Esra , Yildirim Gunseli , Yigin Merve , Ertem Fatma , Shafiei Alaleh , Guven Omur , Besler Sabri , Sierra Raymond , Yoon Chun , Su Zhen , Liang Meng , Acar Burcin , Haliloglu Turkan , Otsuka Masami , Yumoto Fumiaki , Fujita Mikako , Senda Toshiya , DeMirci Hasan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
HIV-1 continues to be a global health concern since AIDS was first recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is estimated that there were 38 million people infected with HIV-1 and 1.5 million deaths in 2019 alone. A better understanding of the details of the HIV late-stage life cycle, involving Pr55Gag attachment to the membrane for the further oligomerization to release virion, will provide us new avenues for potential treatment. Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant endogenous cyclitol molecule and its binding was linked to the oligomerization of Pr55Gag via the MA domain. However, the binding site of IP6 on MA was unknown and the structural details of this interaction were missing. Here, we present three high-resolution crystal structures of the MA domain in complex with IP6 molecules to reveal its binding mode. Additionally, extensive Differential Scanning Fluorimetry analysis combined with cryo- and ambient-temperature X-ray crystallography and computational biology identify the key residues that participate in IP6 binding. Our data provide novel insights about the multilayered HIV-1 virion assembly process that involves the interplay of IP6 with PIP2, a phosphoinositide essential for the membrane binding of Pr55Gag. IP6 and PIP2 have neighboring alternate binding sites within the same highly basic region (residues 18-33). This indicates that IP6 and PIP2 bindings are not mutually exclusive and may play a key role in coordinating virion particles’ membrane localization. Based on our three different IP6-MA complex crystal structures, we propose a new model that involves the IP6 coordination of the oligomerization of outer MA and inner CA domain 2D layers during assembly and budding.
Phase-Separation of Cellulose from Ionic Liquid upon Cooling: Preparation of Microsized Particles
Authors: Xia Jingwen , King Alistair W. T. , Kilpelainen Ilkka , Aseyev Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cellulose is an historical polymer, for which its processing possibilities have been limited by the absence of a melting point and insolubility in all non-derivatizing molecular solvents. More recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been used for cellulose dissolution and regeneration, for example, in the development of textile fiber spinning processes. In some cases, organic electrolyte solutions (OESs), that are binary mixtures of an ionic liquid and a polar aprotic co-solvent, can show even better technical dissolution capacities for cellulose than the pure ILs. Herein we use OESs consisting of two tetraalkylphosphonium acetate ILs and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or γ-valerolactone (GVL), as co-solvents. Cellulose can be first dissolved in these OESs at 120°C and then regenerated, upon cooling, leading to micro and macro phase-separation. This phenomenon much resembles the upper-critical solution temperature (UCST) type thermodynamic transition. This observed UCST-like behavior of these systems allows for the controlled regeneration of cellulose into colloidal dispersions of spherical microscale particles (spherulites), with highly ordered shape and size. While this phenomenon has been reported for other IL and NMMO-based systems, the mechanisms and phase-behavior have not been well defined. The particles are obtained below the phase-separation temperature as a result of controlled multi-molecular association. The regeneration process is a consequence of multi-parameter interdependence, where the polymer characteristics, OES composition, temperature, cooling rate and time all play their roles. The influence of the experimental conditions, cellulose concentration and the effect of time on regeneration of cellulose in the form of preferential gel or particles is discussed.Regular micro-sized particles regenerated from a cellulose-OES mixture of tetrabutylphosphonium acetate:DMSO (70:30 w/w） upon cooling.
Tocilizumab Association with Emerging Multi-drug Resistance Organisms and Mortality in critically ill patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aljuhani Ohoud , Sulaiman Khalid Al , Alshabasy Adel , Eljaaly Khalid , Shaya Abdulrahman I. Al , Albossiry Hyatham , Abodeif Mohammed , Dosari Bodoor Al , Alkhalaf Amina , Korayem Ghazwa , Aleissa Muneera M. , Badreldin Hisham A. , Harbi Shmeylan Al , Alhammad Abdullah , Vishwakarma Ramesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Tocilizumab is an IgG1 class recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits IL-6 receptor. Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated tocilizumab’s safety and efficacy in patients with COVID-19. These studies demonstrated conflicting results regarding tocilizumab’s efficacy and safety. Our study aim is to determine the association between treatment with tocilizumab and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and its effect on mortality in critically ill patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study conducted at two governmental tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. All critically ill patients who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with a positive COVID-19 PCR test between March 1st, 2020 and January 31st, 2021 were included. Patients who received tocilizumab were compared to patients who did not receive it. Results:A total of 738 patients met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of these 262 (35.5%) received tocilizumab and 476 (64.5%) were included in the control group. Patients who received tocilizumab did not have higher odds for the microbial isolation (OR 1.34; 95% CI, 0.91-1.94 p = 0.13), development of resistant organisms (OR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.51-1.98 p = 0.99), or detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteria (CRE) (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.29-1.54 p = 0.34). In a multivariable logistic regression adjusting for possible cofounders, there was no difference in 30-day ICU mortality (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.65-1.43 p = 0.85) or in-hospital mortality (OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.79-1.76 p = 0.42). However, there was a significant difference in the incidence of respiratory failure requiring MV between the two groups (OR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.05-4.89 p = 0.03).Conclusions: Tocilizumab use in critically ill COVID-19 patients was not associated with microbial isolation, emergence of resistant organisms, detection of CRE organisms, or mortality benefits. However, tocilizumab use was associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
Community-Engaged Research to Develop a Chicago Violence Research Agenda and Recommendations to Support Future Community Engagement
Authors: Ellyin Alexander , Day Kelli , Samuel Jacqueline , Bartell Tami , McGill Dion , Sheehan Karen , Levin Rebecca 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Chicago has a history of gun violence with some neighborhoods, particularly Black and Brown communities, being disproportionately affected and Black male youth experiencing an even more disparate impact. Too often, violence prevention research is developed and carried out with little or no input from the people living in the most affected communities. The objective of the Community-Academic Collaboration to Prevent Violence in Chicago (CACPVC) was to bring together individuals from impacted communities with academic researchers and other community stakeholders to discuss violence and co-create a research agenda that addresses topics of mutual concern, and recommendations for engaging stakeholders including community members and organizations and funders in violence and violence prevention research.Methods: From 2014 to 2015, community members and organizations from seven defined regions across Chicago were recruited to participate. An organization network gathering was held in each region for researchers, funders, and community organization representatives to discuss violence prevention. Open community forums then took place in each community. Violence data by region was shared followed by facilitated group discussions that were recorded by youth scribes. Notes were thematically coded, grouped, and compiled after which a list of topics was refined by the CACPVC Work Group, allowing for investigator triangulation. A survey was disseminated to community stakeholders to prioritize the topics. Results: Seven network gatherings (127 attendees) and community forums (133 attendees) were held. Topic areas identified during the gatherings and forums included root causes/cycle of violence, racism and bias/structural violence, trajectory of violence, protective factors and nonviolence, geographic pattern change, violence prevention strategies, youth, family factors, community factors, school, police, gangs/street organizations, and media and public perceptions. Recommendations to support community engagement were grouped as role of research in reducing violence, role of community in violence research, relationships and respect, academic-community communication, financial considerations, training, practical considerations, research design, sharing results, communication about and use of data, and recommendations for funders.Conclusions: The violence research agenda will be used to inform community-engaged violence prevention research. The recommendations for community engagement provide a resource for researchers about topics to consider to meaningfully engage community members in future research.
Kinetics and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies – a comparison of 3 different assays
Authors: Kahre Elisabeth , Galow Lukas , Unrath Manja , Haag Luise , Blankenburg Judith , Dalpke Alexander H. , Lück Christian , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Comparing seroprevalence and antibody kinetics in three different commercially available assays for SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Serostatus of COVID-19 patients was analyzed 5 months and 10 months after their infection, using three different assays: Diasorin LIAISON®, Euroimmun®, Abbott Diagnostics® ARCHITECT. Results: Seropositivity at baseline differed significantly depending on the assay (Diasorin 81%, Euroimmun 83%, Abbott 59%). At follow-up antibody levels detected in the Diasorin assay were stable, while there was a significant loss in seropositivity in the Euroimmun and Abbott assays. Conclusion: There are significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics based on the specific assay used.Trial registration number, date of registration DRKS00022549, 29.07.2020 “retrospectively registered”
Potato Landraces and Their Wild Relatives in 3 Micro-centers of Diversity in Ecuador: Farmers' Perception and Ecogeography
Authors: Monteros-Altamirano Álvaro Ricardo , Monteros-Altamirano A. , Yumisaca-Jiménez F. , Aucancela R. , Coronel J. , Corozo-Quiñonez L. , Cunguán K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ecuador is one of the centers of diversity for wild and cultivated potatoes. Three micro-centers of diversity were previously identified based on germplasm collecting passport data of potato landraces and their wild relatives. The objective of this study was to understand the potential hybridization dynamic of the genetic diversity present in situ in these micro-centers (provinces of Carchi, Chimborazo and Loja in Ecuador) by means of: 1. Reviewing the possibility of an eventual genetic cross within intercropped potato landraces through surveys to local producers; 2. Reviewing the possibility of potato landraces crossing with their wild relatives, also according to local producers; and 3. Map the actual geographic location of recent collections of potato landrace and wild potato relatives in the study areas. Information from farmers and eco-geographic data demonstrated that there is no potential crossing between wild and cultivated potato species. Probably the existing genetic variability in Ecuador has been accumulated since the historical movement of potato landraces by American ancestors from the center of origin in Peru and Bolivia and the continuum knowledge and seed sharing besides the conscious and unconscious selection of potato landraces by local farmers for centuries. Additionally, we discuss options to conserve both cultivated and wild potato species in Ecuador due to apparent current genetic erosion processes.
Predictive Value of Albumin-Bilirubin Grade For Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance In A Large Cohort Of Patients With Kawasaki Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yan Yu , Qiao Lina , Shao Shuran , Zhang Nanjun , Wu Mei , Liu Lei , Zhou Kaiyu , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, which defined that Kawasaki disease (KD) patients have recrudescence fever more than 36 hours after IVIG infusion, and its prediction is one of the primary clinical issues and study hotspots in KD. This study aimed to prospectively investigated the value of albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in predicting IVIG resistance in KD, and assessed whether ALBI has more predictive value or accuracy than either ALB or TBil alone in predicting IVIG resistance.Methods: A total of 823 patients with KD were prospectively enrolled. The clinical and laboratory data were compared between IVIG-response group (n=708) and IVIG-resistance group (n=115). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of IVIG resistance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was applied to assess the validity of ALBI, ALB, and TBil in predicting IVIG resistance. Results: ALBI was significantly higher in patients with IVIG resistance and was identified as an independent risk factor for IVIG resistance in KD. The parameter of ALBI ≥ –2.57 (AUC: 0.705, 95%CI: 0.672–0.736), ALB ≤ 33.0g/L (AUC: 0.659, 95%CI: 0.626–0.692), and TBil ≥16.0μmol/L (AUC: 0.626, 95%CI: 0.592–0.659), produced a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.617, 0.657, 0.226, 0.914, and 0.651; 0.374, 0.850, 0.289, 0.893, and 0.783; 0.269, 0.941, 0.425, 0.888, and 0.847, respectively.Conclusion: A higher ALBI was an independent risk factor for IVIG resistance. It yielded better predictive ability than ALB and TBil alone for initial IVIG resistance.
Urine transferrin as an early endothelial dysfunction marker in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy: a case control study.
Authors: Sánchez-Hidalgo José Juan , SUÁREZ-CUENCA Juan Antonio , Lozano-Nuevo José Juan , García-López Víctor Hugo , Leal-Gutiérrez María Graciela , León-Ángel Sein Antonio , Ramírez-Villa María Leslye , Rodea-Rubio Martha Elena , González-Hernández José Enrique , Canela-Mayoral José Antonio , Murillo-Heredia Eduardo , Vera-Gómez Eduardo , Hernández-Patricio Alejandro , Zamora-Alemán Carlos Ramiro , Domínguez-Pérez Gabriela Alexandra , Gutiérrez-Buendía Juan Ariel , Mondragón-Terán Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Albumin, along with other proteins, is abnormally eliminated via the urine during early stages of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction (ED) accompanying early diabetic nephropathy may develop even before microalbuminuria is detectable. Transferrin has a molecular weight comparable to albumin, and transferrinuria and microalbuminuria in a 24-hour urine sample may comparably reflect early diabetic nephropathy. However, transferrin physiochemical properties may be related with ED, but these have not been elucidated yet. This case-control study was aimed to evaluate relation between ED and urinary transferrin concentration before early diabetic nephropathy is present.
Methods

Patients were enrolled from two study sites in Mexico City: Ticoman General Hospital to evaluate control patients; and Dr. Manuel Gonzalez Rivera Specialized Clinic for the Management of the Diabetic Patient for case patients. All patients provided written informed consent. The primary endpoint was the correlation between urinary transferrin concentration and endothelial dysfunction measured in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria. ED was evaluated by ultrasonographic validated measurements, which included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and flow mediated dilation (FMD). A power calculation, to detect a statistical difference, with a p value of 0.05, mandated a sample of 60 patients. The patients were tested for serum biomarkers such as glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary dipstick for albuminuria and urinary tract infection; using inclusion, exclusion and elimination criteria as described.
Results

The group with type 2 diabetes was older and showed higher serum transferrin and lower urinary transferrin values. Likewise, the group with type 2 diabetes showed subclinical atherogenic risk characterized by lower FMD and higher CIMT and ABI values. Risk factors associated to endothelial dysfunction measured by CIMT were time from diagnosis of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and male sex. Hba1c and time since diabetes diagnosis correlated both for risk associated to FMD and CIMT. CIMT was the only factor correlated with urinary transferrin values.
Conclusion

Urinary transferrin correlated to subclinical endothelial dysfunction measured by CIMT in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and can be used to test for early nephropathy in patients without albuminuria.
2-D DOA Estimation Method Based on Coprime Array MIMO Radar
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhang Zijing , Jin Aisuo , Ji Chuantang , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that traditional Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation methods cannot handle multiple sources with high accuracy while increasing the degree of freedom, a new method of 2-D DOA estimation based on coprime array MIMO Radar (SA-MIMO-CA). Frist of all, in order to ensure the accuracy of multi-source estimation when the number of elements is finite, a new coprime array model based on MIMO (MIMO-CA) is proposed. The array model uses a special irregular array as the transmitting array and a uniform linear array as the receiving array. Besides, in order to reduce complexity and improve the accuracy of two-dimensional DOA estimation, a new two-dimensional DOA estimation method based on sparse array is proposed. This method uses the sparse array topology of virtual array elements to analyze a larger number of information sources, and combines the compressed sensing method to process the sparse array, and obtains a larger array aperture with a smaller number of array elements, and improves the resolution of the azimuth angle. This method improves the DOA estimation accuracy and reduces the complexity. Finally, experiments verify the effectiveness and reliability of the SA-MIMO-CA method in improving the degree of freedom of the array, reducing the complexity, and improving the accuracy of the DOA.