bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ca2+ on mitochondrial apoptosis activation and yak meat tenderization during postmortem aging
Authors: Wang Lin-lin , Chen Lian-hong , Li Jian , Du Rong-sheng , Han Ling , Yu Qun-li 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis disequilibrium in mitochondrial apoptosis and its impact on yak meat tenderness. Results indicated that CaCl2 treatment significantly promoted glycolysis by increasing lactic acid level and decreasing glycogen content, pH, and ATP production (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase pump and Ca2+-ATPase pump in the early aging stage were significantly influenced by CaCl2 treatment. The activities of synchronous digital hierarchy and citrate synthase were also significantly improved by CaCl2 treatment (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly higher in the CaCl2 group than in the control group (P < 0.01); at 24 h, the value in the Ca2+ group was 64.27% higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, CaCl2 treatment significantly enhanced the mitochondrial apoptosis cascade reaction and meat tenderization by improving the myofibril fragmentation index and shear force (P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that the imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis played a significant role in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by regulating energy metabolism factors, meat intracellular environment, mitochondrial functions, and ROS-mediated oxidative stress. These conditions further improved meat tenderization during postmortem aging.
Persian Fake News Detection: Neural Representation and Classification at Word and Text Levels
Authors: Samadi Mohammadreza , Mousavian Maryam , Momtazi Saeedeh 
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, broadcasting news on social media and websites has grown at a swifter pace, which has had negative impacts on both the general public and governments; hence, this has urged us to build a fake news detection system. Contextualized word embeddings have achieved great success in recent years due to their power to embed both syntactic and semantic features of textual contents. In this article, we aim to address the problem of the lack of fake news datasets in Persian by introducing a new dataset crawled from different news agencies, and propose two deep models based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model (BERT), which is a deep contextualized pre-trained model for extracting valuable features. In our proposed models, we benefit from two different settings of BERT, namely pool-based representation, which provides a representation for the whole document, and sequence representation, which provides a representation for each token of the document. In the former one, we connect a Single Layer Perceptron (SLP) to the BERT to use the embedding directly for detecting fake news. The latter one uses Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) after the BERT’s embedding layer to extract extra features based on the collocation of words in a corpus. Furthermore, we present the TAJ dataset, which is a new Persian fake news dataset crawled from news agencies’ websites. We evaluate our proposed models on the newly provided TAJ dataset as well as the two different Persian rumor datasets as baselines. The results indicate the effectiveness of using deep contextualized embedding approaches for the fake news detection task. We also show that both BERT-SLP and BERT-CNN models achieve superior performance to the previous baselines and traditional machine learning models, with 15.58% and 17.1% improvement compared to the reported results by Zamani et al. [
30
], and 11.29% and 11.18% improvement compared to the reported results by Jahanbakhsh-Nagadeh et al. [
9
].
Recurrent Neural Hidden Markov Model for High-order Transition
Authors: Hiraoka Tatsuya , Takase Sho , Uchiumi Kei , Keyaki Atsushi , Okazaki Naoaki 
Published: November 2021

We propose a method to pay attention to high-order relations among latent states to improve the conventional HMMs that focus only on the latest latent state, since they assume Markov property. To address the high-order relations, we apply an RNN to each sequence of latent states, because the RNN can represent the information of an arbitrary-length sequence with their cell: a fixed-size vector. However, the simplest way, which provides all latent sequences explicitly for the RNN, is intractable due to the combinatorial explosion of the search space of latent states.
Thus, we modify the RNN to represent the history of latent states from the beginning of the sequence to the current state with a fixed number of RNN cells whose number is equal to the number of possible states. We conduct experiments on unsupervised POS tagging and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than previous methods. In addition, the results on the synthetic dataset indicate that the proposed method can capture the high-order relations.
Investigating the Feasibility of Deep Learning Methods for Urdu Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Saeed Ali , Nawab Rao Muhammad Adeel , Stevenson Mark 
Published: November 2021

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), the process of automatically identifying the correct meaning of a word used in a given context, is a significant challenge in Natural Language Processing. A range of approaches to the problem has been explored by the research community. The majority of these efforts has focused on a relatively small set of languages, particularly English. Research on WSD for South Asian languages, particularly Urdu, is still in its infancy. In recent years, deep learning methods have proved to be extremely successful for a range of Natural Language Processing tasks. The main aim of this study is to apply, evaluate, and compare a range of deep learning methods approaches to Urdu WSD (both Lexical Sample and All-Words) including Simple Recurrent Neural Networks, Long-Short Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Units, Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory, and Ensemble Learning. The evaluation was carried out on two benchmark corpora: (1) the ULS-WSD-18 corpus and (2) the UAW-WSD-18 corpus. Results (Accuracy = 63.25% and F1-Measure = 0.49) show that a deep learning approach outperforms previously reported results for the Urdu All-Words WSD task, whereas performance using deep learning approaches (Accuracy = 72.63% and F1-Measure = 0.60) are low in comparison to previously reported for the Urdu Lexical Sample task.
New Immunotherapy Combinations Enter the Battlefield of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Aldea Mihaela , Benitez Jose Carlos , Chaput Nathalie , Besse Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting mesothelin plus pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, have recently shown clinical efficacy in phase I trials in malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. Despite being tested in a highly selected patient population and requiring a complex engineering that can hardly be upscaled, CAR T cells combined with pembrolizumab bring the first proof of efficacy in cold solid tumors with low genomic heterogeneity, while atezolizumab–bevacizumab offers an easy-to-use combination of antiangiogenics and immunotherapy in an orphan disease.
See related article by Raghav et al., p. 2738.
See related article by Adusumilli et al., p. 2748.
Зміни показників пероксидного окиснення ліпідів за умови ліпополісахаридіндукованого пародонтиту без супутньої патології і на тлі хронічної тіолактонової гіпергомоцистеїнемії
Authors: Худан Р. І. , Корда М. М. 
Published: November 2021

Активація пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) відіграє значну роль у патогенезі генералізованого пародонтиту (ГП), зумовлюючи не лише порушення обмінних процесів, але й структурні зміни у тканинах пародонта. За різними даними, у 85–97 % випадків ГП поєднується із соматичною патологією, яка вносить істотну відмінність в етіопатогенез захворювань пародонта. Однією із таких патологій, що може ускладнювати перебіг ГП, є синдром гіпергомоцистеїнемії (ГГЦ).
Мета дослідження – встановити особливості пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові та гомогенаті пародонта щурів із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової гіпергомоцистеїнемії.
Матеріали і методи. Досліди виконано на 48 статевозрілих білих щурах, яких поділили на такі групи: перша – контрольна група (n=12); друга – тварини з ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом (n=12); третя – щури з хронічною тіолактоновою ГГЦ (n=12); четверта – тварини з ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі ГГЦ (n=12). Інтенсивність ПОЛ визначали за вмістом гідропероксидів ліпідів (ГПЛ) та активних продуктів тіобарбітурової кислоти (ТБК-АП).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що вміст ГПЛ у сироватці крові щурів із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом збільшився на 52,8 % (р=0,004), а у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової ГГЦ – у 2,2 раза (р<0,001) відносно контрольної групи. У гомогенаті пародонта вміст ГПЛ у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом збільшився в 2,0 рази (р=0,002), а у щурів із поєднаною патологією – у 3,1 раза (р<0,001) відносно контрольної групи. Інтенсивність змін ТБК-АП була вищою відносно ГПЛ. Так, у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової ГГЦ даний показник вірогідно зріс у 3,0 рази (сироватка крові) та у 4,4 раза (гомогенат пародонта) відносно контрольної групи, що на 54,5 та 51,1 % відповідно вірогідно перевищувало дані за умови ліпополісахаридіндукованого пародонтиту без супутньої патології.
Висновки. Ліпополісахаридіндукований пародонтит у щурів супроводжується вірогідним підвищенням інтенсивності процесів ПОЛ як у сироватці крові, так і в гомогенаті пародонта. Хронічна тіолактонова ГГЦ посилює оксидативний стрес за умови пародонтиту, на що вказують вірогідно вищі значення ТБК-АП у досліджуваних біологічних рідинах щурів із поєднаною патологією відносно тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом без супутньої патології.
Fecal Microbiome Composition Does Not Predict Diet‐Induced TMAO Production in Healthy Adults
Authors: Ferrell Marc , Bazeley Peter , Wang Zeneng , Levison Bruce S. , Li Xinmin S. , Jia Xun , Krauss Ronald M. , Knight Rob , Lusis Aldons J. , Garcia‐Garcia J. C. , Hazen Stanley L. , Tang W. H. Wilson 
Published: October 2021

Background

Trimethylamine‐
N
‐oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule derived from the metabolism of dietary nutrients by gut microbes and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Plasma TMAO increases following consumption of red meat. This metabolic change is thought to be partly because of the expansion of gut microbes able to use nutrients abundant in red meat.

Methods and Results

We used data from a randomized crossover study to estimate the degree to which TMAO can be estimated from fecal microbial composition. Healthy participants received a series of 3 diets that differed in protein source (red meat, white meat, and non‐meat), and fecal, plasma, and urine samples were collected following 4 weeks of exposure to each diet. TMAO was quantitated in plasma and urine, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA. While the cai gene cluster was weakly correlated with plasma TMAO (rho=0.17,
P
=0.0007), elastic net models of TMAO were not improved by abundances of bacterial genes known to contribute to TMAO synthesis. A global analysis of all taxonomic groups, genes, and gene families found no meaningful predictors of TMAO. We postulated that abundances of known genes related to TMAO production do not predict bacterial metabolism, and we measured choline‐ and carnitine‐trimethylamine lyase activity during fecal culture. Trimethylamine lyase genes were only weakly correlated with the activity of the enzymes they encode.

Conclusions
Fecal microbiome composition does not predict systemic TMAO because, in this case, gene copy number does not predict bacterial metabolic activity.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01427855.
What Does it Mean to Be Self-So?
Authors: Van Daele Raphaël 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article aims to understand Guo Xiang’s concept of self-so in the perspective of the metaphysical agenda of the Xuanxue movement. After reviewing the core features of this metaphysical agenda, I show that Guo Xiang’s original use of self-so could be understood as an exegetical tool to deal with the challenges addressed to language in the Zhuangzi, as well as with its conception of reality as ever-transforming. I attempt to show that although Guo Xiang dismisses the metaphysical quest for a first principle, his philosophy can nevertheless be read as an enquiry into the most fundamental feature of reality.
Gadamer’s Linguistic Turn Revisited in Dialogue with Cheng’s Onto-Generative Hermeneutics
Authors: Fuyarchuk Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gadamer’s linguistic turn has been criticized for eclipsing ontological grounds for truth by conflating the meaning of existence with history. Chung-ying Cheng’s recognizes the nihilistic implications of a ceaseless quest for meaning that cannot but perpetually slip away and in response, discloses the cosmo-ontological grounds that Gadamer’s interpretive acts presuppose. In so doing, Cheng initiates a theoretical appropriation and integration between Western philosophy and the Yijing tradition. However, Cheng also interprets Gadamer from a Heideggerian perspective without due regard to Plato. When Gadamer’s turn to language is understood in terms of his claim that Socrates removes the contradiction between the Pythagorean One and the many by studying the forms in language, then there is room in the said turn for temporalizing the meaning of Being in the dialogue form. It is through the dialectical interplay between the auditory and visual dispositions underlying orality and literacy, the two mediums in which human understanding is entangled for Gadamer, that the “creative” emerges in his thought from within and out of a prior historically effected consciousness that in the ﬁnal analysis attests to the universality of Cheng’s onto-generative hermeneutics.
Utilization of Data Analysis and Decision Support System in the Chinese General Hospitals
Authors: Yin Tianlu , Zhang Xinguo , Liu Zhijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the deepening of medical system reform, there are unprecedented challenges for China’s medical industry. In order to promote hospital core competitiveness, medical enterprises urgently need to be based on industry demand. The establishment of a unified data platform is an important aspect of this process, however the hospital’s data inherent characteristics, makes the effective management a difficult task. This difficulty creates a hurdle for the implementation of an integrated information technology. Considering these obstacles, opting an effective method of data collection, data analysis and data management has become a concern for hospital staff. The hospital data analysis and decision support system make full use of the massive data deposited in the existing digital information system of the hospital. This cannot only facilitate the manager to monitor the operation and management of the hospital, but also predict its future development direction based on the historical data. This article mainly focuses on the characteristics of hospital data analysis and decision support, and application. We studied the hospital’s data analysis and decision support system for advanced technology as our guide.
Carl Jung and the Psychedelic Brain
Authors: Clark Gary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this essay, I outline an approach to analytical psychology based on the emerging disciplines of psychedelic neuroscience and psychedelic assisted therapies. During the 1950s Jung made brief comments on the use of psychedelics in traditional cultures and therapeutic contexts. I analyse these comments in the light of consequent research in the field. Contemporary psychedelic researchers are achieving impressive results in the treatment of mental illness and various forms of existential distress. A number of theories have been proposed to explain these results. In this essay, I will explore the idea that psychedelics facilitate a transition from our recently evolved secondary consciousness associated with the default mode network, to a more affect-based form of primary consciousness. I will also apply these findings to ethnographic accounts of traditional psychedelic use in Africa and Latin America, highlighting the usefulness of a Jungian approach to this material informed by psychedelic and evolutionary neuroscience.
The Third Sector Reform in Italy: an Opportunity for Matching Social Innovation and Youth Policies?
Authors: Raffini Luca , Reggiardo Anna , Pirni Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social innovation should represent a step forward activation policies, promoting a new balance between economic development and social cohesion, reducing inequalities and vulnerability. The Third sector is a privileged sphere of social innovation: there are many expectations on its ability to provide innovative answers to unaddressed social needs; one area of its intervention are youth policies. In Italy, the Third sector reform established new provisions on volunteering, civil service and social entrepreneurship, which should primarily benefit the youth. It allows to explore the double face of the Third sector transformation and of the European rhetoric on social innovation. On the one side institutions are trying to recognize emerging grass-root practices which combine social involvement, professional fulfillment and political action in order to respond new societal challenges. On the other side, the market is still fundamental in practices and discourses around social innovation, that maintain many contradictions of the activation policies.
Hydrologic Model Sensitivity to Temporal Aggregation of Meteorological Forcing Data: A Case Study for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Van Beusekom Ashley E. , Hay Lauren E. , Bennett Andrew R. , Choi Young-Don , Clark Martyn P. , Goodall Jon L. , Li Zhiyu , Maghami Iman , Nijssen Bart , Wood Andrew W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Surface meteorological analyses are an essential input (termed “forcing”) for hydrologic modeling. This study investigated the sensitivity of different hydrologic model configurations to temporal variations of seven forcing variables (precipitation rate, air temperature, longwave radiation, specific humidity, shortwave radiation, wind speed, and air pressure). Specifically, the effects of temporally aggregating hourly forcings to hourly daily average forcings were examined. The analysis was based on 14 hydrological outputs from the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) model for the 671 Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-Sample Studies (CAMELS) basins across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Results demonstrated that the hydrologic model sensitivity to temporally aggregating the forcing inputs varies across model output variables and model locations. We used Latin hypercube sampling to sample model parameters from eight combinations of three influential model physics choices (three model decisions with two options for each decision, i.e., eight model configurations). Results showed that the choice of model physics can change the relative influence of forcing on model outputs and the forcing importance may not be dependent on the parameter space. This allows for model output sensitivity to forcing aggregation to be tested prior to parameter calibration. More generally, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the dependence of modeled outcomes on input forcing behavior, providing insight into the regional variability of forcing variable dominance on modeled outputs across CONUS.
State Antitrust Enforcement: Its’ Evolution and Future Direction
Authors: Maness Alan D. 
Published: November 2021

State antitrust enforcement went through several dramatic changes from 1974 to 1982. This article charts its growth and decline during this period by measuring the number of actions filed by state antitrust programs, their funding and staffing. These measures indicate that state antitrust activity rapidly increased from 1974 to 1980 but has declined during the eighties because state antitrust programs lost federal funding and political support. This article also considers the changing focus of state antitrust enforcement by examining the type of defendant and substantive violation prosecuted, client represented, and relief sought in state antitrust actions. This examination shows that state antitrust enforcement shifted from multidistrict, treble damage suits against large, out-of-state enterprises to actions against small, in-state businesses. To explain the political and fiscal forces that have shaped state antitrust enforcement, this article compares antitrust enforcement in states with appointed attorneys general to that in states with elected ones, and among states with different funding sources for their programs. Based on these comparisons, it is argued that state attorneys general can overcome state antitrust's present political and fiscal crisis by bringing more consumer damage (parens patriae) suits and using revolving funds to finance enforcement. It is argued that state antitrust programs will make their greatest contribution to society by maximizing consumer welfare. They can do this by bringing actions against local price-fixers and bid-riggers, policing anticompetitive state regulation, and educating small businessmen and consumers about antitrust. This article offers suggestions for ensuring the long-term fiscal stability of state antitrust, including cooperative efforts designed to increase enforcement efficiency and modifications in revolving funds. The article concludes with the observation that state antitrust programs have provided a unique brand of locally oriented enforcement and this contribution will be lost unless state attorneys general act to achieve political and fiscal stability for these programs.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of male breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinli , Liu Shusong , Xue Yan 
Published: October 2021

Objective We aimed to describe the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) between male and female breast cancer patients, and to develop a prognostic nomogram to predict survival in patients with male breast cancer (MBC). Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we compared age, race, histological type, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node status, metastases, estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2 status between male and female patients, and analyzed their relationships with OS. We established a nomogram and produced a calibration curve to observe its predictive effect. Results Age, race, T stage, N stage, bone and lung metastases, and histological type and grade differed between male and female patients. OS in male patients was related to age, tumor size, metastatic site, ER/PR status, and histological grade, but not to race or lymph node status. A nomogram was established, which showed good predictive performance for survival in MBC patients (area under the curve = 0.7). Conclusion MBC has a worse prognosis than female breast cancer, mainly characterized by late onset age, late staging, high proportion of invasive non-specific histological types, high histological grade, and luminal breast cancer.