bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a novel reverse demulsifier with the characteristics of polyacrylate and polycation and its demulsification performance
Authors: Wang Yifan , Fang Shenwen , Wang Xiujun , Wang Yongjun , Xiong Yan , Duan Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the development of oilfield exploitation, more and more oil in water (O/W) emulsion was produced, thus efficient reverse demulsifier becomes increasingly important. In this paper, a series of novel reverse demulsifiers (R‐PED1 ~ 4) with the characteristics of polyacrylate and polycation were prepared. The structure of the product was verified by IR specter and 1H NMR. The thermal stability was studied with TGA and the molecular weight was obtained by GPC. Field evaluation results showed that the oil content in produced liquid after R‐PED4 treatment can be reduced from 1550 to 81 mg/L at R‐PED4 dosage was 50 mg/L. Furthermore, the demulsification mechanism of R‐PED was discussed. The R‐PED has good surface/interfacial activity. It can effectively reduce the oil–water interfacial film strength and reduce the zeta potential of oil droplets, which is beneficial for the coalescence of oil droplets. Especially, the interaction force between oil droplets was measured by the optical tweezers. R‐PED4 can increase the attraction force between oil droplets. Consequently, the contact time of oil droplets during the demulsification process can be prolonged and the coalescence of oil droplets also can be effectively promoted. The novel reverse demulsifier offers a new option for the oilfield produced liquid treatment.
Social synchronization during joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Liu Qinyi , Wang Qiandong , Li Xue , Gong Xiaoyun , Luo Xuerong , Yin Tingni , Liu Jing , Yi Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe explored the social synchronization of gaze‐shift behaviors when responding to joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Forty‐one children aged 5 to 8 with ASD and 43 typically developing (TD) children watched a video to complete the response to joint attention (RJA) tasks, during which their gaze data were collected. The synchronization of gaze‐shift behaviors between children and the female model in the video was measured with the cross‐recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA). Ultimately, we discovered that children with ASD had the ability to synchronize their gaze shifts with the female model in the video during RJA tasks. Compared to the TD children, they displayed lower levels of synchronization and longer latency in this synchronized behavior. These findings provide a new avenue to deepen our understanding of the impairments of social interaction in children with ASD. Notably, the analytic method can be further applied to explore the social synchronization of numerous other social interactive behaviors in ASD.Lay SummaryThis study explored how autistic children synchronized their gazed shifts with others' gaze cues during joint attention. We found that compared to typical children, autistic children synchronized their gazed shifts less and needed more time to follow others' gaze. These findings provide a new avenue to deepen our understanding of the impairments of social interaction in children with ASD.
Klimadaten als wesentlicher Bestandteil zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes
Authors: Windhausen Saskia , Schmidt Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTestreferenzjahre sind durch den Deutschen Wetterdienst entwickelte stündliche meteorologische Daten für ein komplettes Jahr, die je nach Art der Anwendung einen repräsentativen Witterungsverlauf wiedergeben. Die Klimadaten sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil für die Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Der momentane Ansatz der Testreferenzjahre führt immer wieder zu Schwierigkeiten, da dieser sehr vereinfacht und pauschalisiert erfolgt. Durch den Klimawandel und dadurch entstehende Extremwetterlagen ist die Verwendung geeigneter Klimadaten unerlässlich. Hier stellen die neuentwickelten ortsgenauen Testreferenzjahre des Deutschen Wetterdienstes aus dem Jahr 2017 eine mögliche Alternative dar.
Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte C und Ctr
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZur Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Schallpegelspektren verschiedener Geräuschquellen, wie die für Geräusche in einem Gebäude und die für Verkehrsgeräusche außerhalb eines Gebäudes, können sogenannte Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte zu den jeweiligen Einzahlangaben der Schalldämmung hinzugenommen werden. Mit der kennzeichnenden Größe R'w sowie der Standard‐Schallpegeldifferenz DnT,w wird damit eine neue Einzahlangabe möglich, die den tatsächlich vorliegenden Schallschutz besser abbilden soll. Eine genaue Betrachtung zeigt, dass die Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte nicht durch einfache Gleichsetzung angewendet werden können, sondern die erforderlichen Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte grundsätzlich für die entsprechende anzuwendende Einzahlangabe nach DIN EN ISO 717‐1 ermittelt werden müssen. Für die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde ein Messdatensatz von 43 Güteprüfungen zum Luftschallschutz herangezogen und eine Abweichung von ±1 dB zwischen den jeweiligen C‐ und Ctr‐Werten der berechneten Einzahlangaben festgestellt. Eine vereinfachte Umrechnung der Einzahlangaben wie sie z. B. in DIN 4109‐2 dargestellt wird, kann nicht auf die Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte übertragen werden.
Untersuchungen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz – Teil 3: Modellierung komplexer Geometrien und unterschiedlicher Materialeigenschaften von Verschattungssystemen
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Ganji Kheybari Abolfazl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn einer dreiteiligen Artikelreihe wird der Nachweis des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes mit verschiedenen Methoden und unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen untersucht. Während Teil 1 die herkömmlichen Verfahren nach DIN 4108‐2 miteinander vergleicht und unter dem Aspekt der sich verändernden Klimabedingungen betrachtet, beschäftigt sich Teil 2 mit mehrdimensionalen Simulationsansätzen für Sonnenschutz. In Teil 3 werden zusätzlich Modellierungsverfahren vorgestellt, die für die korrekte Wiedergabe spezieller Geometrien und hoch reflektierender Materialien bei Verschattungssystemen von Bedeutung sind.In Teil 3 werden außenliegende Verschattungssysteme hinsichtlich ihrer Geometrie und Oberflächeneigenschaften betrachtet, wobei die in Teil 2 vorgestellte Methode der BSDF‐Matrizen verwendet wird. Untersuchungsgegenstand ist dabei unter anderem, wie sich die Wahl des Rechenverfahrens zur Generierung der BSDF auswirkt. Dabei wird die Radiosity‐Methode mit der Raytracing‐Methode zur Erzeugung der notwendigen Kennwerte im kurzwelligen und langwelligen Bereich verglichen. Anhand der durchgeführten Gebäudesimulationen werden nicht nur die Einflüsse des gewählten Ansatzes, sondern auch die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Geometrien, hochreflektierender Oberflächen sowie einer low‐e‐Beschichtung auf der Rückseite der Lamellen untersucht. Die sich ergebenden Unterschiede werden schließlich in den Kontext des Nachweises des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes nach DIN 4108‐2 gestellt.
Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: Can the Australian bushfires and global COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020 convince us to change our ways?
Authors: Wolhuter Kathryn , Arora Manish , Kovacic Jason C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAir pollution is a major global challenge for a multitude of reasons. As a specific concern, there is now compelling evidence demonstrating a causal relationship between exposure to airborne pollutants and the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As such, reducing air pollution as a means to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality should be a global health priority. This review provides an overview of the cardiovascular effects of air pollution and uses two major events of 2020—the Australian bushfires and COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown—to illustrate the relationship between air pollution and CVD. The bushfires highlight the substantial human and economic costs associated with elevations in air pollution. Conversely, the COVID‐19‐related lockdowns demonstrated that stringent measures are effective at reducing airborne pollutants, which in turn resulted in a potential reduction in cardiovascular events. Perhaps one positive to come out of 2020 will be the recognition that tough measures are effective at reducing air pollution and that these measures have the potential to stop thousands of deaths from CVD.
Prevention of nosocomial transmission and biofilm formation on novel biocompatible antimicrobial gloves impregnated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles synthesized using Eucalyptus citriodora leaf extract
Authors: Paosen Supakit , Lethongkam Sakkarin , Wunnoo Suttiwan , Lehman Nussana , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Septama Abdi Wira , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFailure in the prevention of cross‐transmission from contaminated gloves has been recognized as an important factor that contributes to the spread of several healthcare‐associated infections. Ex situ coating process with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Eucalyptus citriodora ethanolic leaf extract as reducing and capping agents to coat glove surfaces has been developed to prevent this mode of transmission. Elemental analysis of coated gloves showed 24.8 Wt% silver densely adhere on the surface. The coated gloves fully eradicated important hospital‐acquired pathogens including Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria, and yeasts within 1 h. The coated gloves showed significant reduction, an average of five logs when tested against all standard strains and most clinical isolates (p < 0.01). Following prolonged exposure, the coating significantly reduced the numbers of most adhered pathogenic species, compared with uncoated gloves (p < 0.0001). AgNPs‐coated gloves reduced microbial adhesion of mixed‐species biofilms. A series of contamination and transmission assays demonstrated no transmission of viable organisms. Biocompatibility analysis confirmed high viability of HaCaT and L929 cells at all concentrations of AgNPs tested. The coated gloves were non‐toxic with direct contact with L929 cells. The highly efficacious AgNPs‐coated gloves potentially provide additional protection against transmission of healthcare‐associated infections.
A systematic review of myasthenia gravis complicated with myocarditis
Authors: Cheng Wei , Sun Tian , Liu Cong , Zhou Zijing , Duan Jiaxi , Zhao Yiyang , Yang Min , Chen Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong many of the autoimmune diseases observed in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), myocarditis is one of the most critical. The goal of this review is to systematically describe and investigate the characteristics of MG complicated with myocarditis. We identified 183 records in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and EMBASE from 1948 to September 10, 2020. Studies were included if they presented clinical data on MG complicated with myocarditis. Of the 35 patients from 28 studies in this review, 57.14% (20/35) were males, with a mean age of 59.11 ± 15.87. Dyspnea was the most common cardiac symptom accounting for over 60% in the study. Among the 35 patients, 13 cases of myocarditis occurred concomitantly with MG and the longest interval between MG and myocarditis was 7 years. Forty percent of patients developed myocarditis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Among the patients with myocarditis, over half of the patients were diagnosed by myocardial biopsy. After active immune regulation and symptomatic treatment, only 15 of 35 patients with MG complicated with myocarditis improved, 18 patients died during hospitalization, one patient died due to tumor progression and 1patient died 5 years later. The prognosis of patients with MG complicated with myocarditis is poor, and myocardial enzymes and other indexes need to be monitored for patients taking ICI drugs. Patients with dyspnea who are still not ideally treated by mechanical ventilation should be vigilant against the occurrence of MG complicated with myocarditis.
LncRNA LINC00525 suppresses p21 expression via mRNA decay and triplex‐mediated changes in chromatin structure in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fang Panqi , Chen Hao , Ma Zhifei , Han Chencheng , Yin Wenda , Wang Siwei , Zhu Hongyu , Xia Wenjia , Wang Jie , Xu Lin , Liu Tongyan , Yin Rong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various cancers. In the present study, we aim to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of an up‐regulated and survival‐associated lncRNA, LINC00525, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsThe expression level of LINC00525 in tissues was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The functional role of LINC00525 in LUAD was investigated using gain‐and loss‐of‐function approaches, both in vivo and in vitro. RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), triplex‐capture assay, dual‐luciferase assay, gene expression microarray, and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms involved.ResultsLINC00525 is highly expressed in LUAD cells and tissues. Survival analysis indicated that upregulation of LINC00525 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with LUAD patients. Knockdown of LINC00525 inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro. In xenograft models, LINC00525 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and tumorigenesis of tumor‐bearing mice. Mechanistically, LINC00525 epigenetically suppressed p21 transcription by guiding Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (EZH2) to the p21 promoter through an formation of RNA‐DNA triplex with the p21 promoter, leading to increased trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) of the p21 promoter. In addition, LINC00525 repressed p21 expression post‐transcriptionally by enhancing p21 mRNA decay. LINC00525 promoted p21 mRNA decay by competitively binding to RNA Binding Motif Single Stranded Interacting Protein 2 (RBMS2).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that LINC00525 promotes the progression of LUAD by reducing the transcription and stability of p21 mRNA in concert with EZH2 and RBMS2, thus suggesting that LINC00525 may be a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in LUAD.
Vitamin D supplementation for children with cancer: A systematic review and consensus recommendations
Authors: van Atteveld Jenneke E. , Verhagen Iris E. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van Santen Hanneke M. , van der Sluis Inge M. , Di Iorgi Natascia , Simmons Jill H. , Ward Leanne M. , Neggers Sebastian J.C.M.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevalent vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and low bone mineral density (BMD) have led to vitamin D supplementation for children with cancer, regardless vitamin D status. However, it remains unsettled whether this enhances bone strength. We sought to address this issue by carrying out a systematic review of the literature.MethodsWe conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Studies including children up to 5 years after cancer therapy were assessed for the association between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and BMD Z‐scores or fractures, and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on BMD or fractures. Evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE methodology.ResultsNineteen studies (16 observational and 3 interventional, mainly involving children with hematologic malignancies) were included. One study which analyzed 25OHD as a threshold variable (≤10 ng/ml) found a significant association between 25OHD levels and BMD Z‐scores, while 25OHD as a continuous variable was not significantly associated with BMD Z‐scores in 14 observational studies. We found neither a significant association between lower 25OHD levels and fractures (2 studies), nor between vitamin D (and calcium) supplementation and BMD or fracture frequency (3 studies) (very low quality evidence).ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence for an effect of vitamin D (and calcium) supplementation on BMD or fractures in children with cancer. Further research is needed; until then, we recommend dietary vitamin D/calcium intake in keeping with standard national guidelines, and periodic 25OHD monitoring to detect levels <20 ng/ml. Vitamin D/calcium supplementation is recommended in children with low levels, to maintain levels ≥20 ng/ml year‐long.
Thiophene‐Based Optical Ligands That Selectively Detect Aβ Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Klingstedt Therése , Shirani Hamid , Ghetti Bernardino , Vidal Ruben , R. Nilsson K. Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn several neurodegenerative diseases, the presence of aggregates of specific proteins in the brain is a significant pathological hallmark; thus, developing ligands able to bind to the aggregated proteins is essential for any effort related to imaging and therapeutics. Here we report the synthesis of thiophene‐based ligands containing nitrogen heterocycles. The ligands selectively recognized amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregates in brain tissue from individuals diagnosed neuropathologically as having Alzheimer's disease (AD). The selectivity for Aβ was dependent on the position of nitrogen in the heterocyclic compounds, and the ability to bind Aβ was shown to be reduced when introducing anionic substituents on the thiophene backbone. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of ligands that can differentiate between aggregated proteinaceous species comprised of distinct proteins. These ligands might also be powerful tools for studying the pathogenesis of Aβ aggregation and for designing molecules for imaging of Aβ pathology.
Short‐ and mid‐term outcomes in percutaneous mitral valve replacement using balloon expandable valves
Authors: Eng Marvin H. , Kargoli Faraj , Wang Dee Dee , Frisoli Tiberio M. , Lee James C. , Villablanca Pedro S. , Nemeh Hassan , Greenbaum Adam B. , Guerrero Mayra , O'Neill Brian P. , Wyman Janet , O'Neill William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to elevated surgical risk, transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is used as an alternative for treating failed bioprosthetic valves, annuloplasty repairs and mitral annular calcification (MAC). We report the procedural and longitudinal outcomes for each subtype: Mitral valve‐in‐valve (MVIV), mitral valve‐in‐ring (MViR), and valve‐in‐MAC (ViMAC).MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing TMVR from October 2013 to December 2019 were assessed. Patients at high risk for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction had either alcohol septal ablation or intentional laceration of the anterior leaflet (LAMPOON).ResultsEight‐eight patients underwent TMVR; 38 MViV, 31 MViR, and 19 ViMAC procedures were performed. The median Society of Thoracic Surgery 30‐day predicted risk of mortality was 8.2% (IQR 5.2, 19.9) for all. Sapien 3 (78%) and transseptal access (98%) were utilized in most cases. All‐cause in‐hospital mortality, technical, and procedural success were 8%, 83%, and 66% respectively. Median follow up was 1.4 years (IQR 0.5–2.9 years) and overall survival was 40% at 4 years. Differential survival rates were observed with MViV doing the best, followed by MViR and ViMAC having a <20% survival at 4 years. After adjusting for co‐variates, MViV procedure was the strongest predictor of survival (HR 0.24 [95% CI 0.079–0.7]).ConclusionTMVR is performed in at high‐risk patients with attenuated long‐term survival. MViV has the best success and survival rate, but long‐term survival in MViR and ViMAC is guarded.
Behaviour of 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐9,10‐Anthraquinone‐2‐Sulfonic Acid in Alkaline Medium: Towards a Long‐Cycling Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Guiheneuf Solène , Lê Aurore , Godet‐Bar Thibault , Chancelier Léa , Fontmorin Jean‐Marie , Floner Didier , Geneste Florence 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe performance of a redox compound in redox flow batteries (RFB) highly depends on the electrolytic medium and operating conditions. It is exemplified in this work with the commercially available and relatively low‐cost dye 3,4‐dihydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid (ARS), which was used as negolyte in basic medium. At high pH, the ARS behavior revealed interesting features for RFB applications, such as a low half‐wave potential of −0.99 V (vs Ag/AgCl), negatively shifted by phenolate groups, and an improved solubility compared with acidic medium depending on the nature of the cations. For the highly soluble ARS potassium salt (ARSK), a maximum power density of 117 mW cm−2 and a demonstrated energy density of 20 Wh L−1 were obtained with K4[Fe(CN)6] as posolyte. The capacity slightly decreased during cycling, reaching 90 % after 325 cycles. A long cycling of ARS sodium salt (ARSNa) over 11 operating months was demonstrated in this work. A slow chemical degradation was highlighted giving rise to the formation of 3‐hydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid (HAQS) as the main degradation product due to hydrodeoxygenation reaction. Interestingly, this compound exhibited high performance in RFB and a good stability with a loss of capacity of 0.29 % per day.
Bipyridinium and Phenanthrolinium Dications for Metal‐Free Hydrodefluorination: Distinctive Carbon‐Based Reactivity
Authors: Burton Katherine I. , Elser Iris , Waked Alexander E. , Wagener Tobias , Andrews Ryan J. , Glorius Frank , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of novel Lewis acids derived from bipyridinium and phenanthrolinium dications is reported. Calculations of Hydride Ion Affinity (HIA) values indicate high carbon‐based Lewis acidity at the ortho and para positions. This arises in part from extensive LUMO delocalization across the aromatic backbones. Species [C10H6R2N2CH2CH2]2+ (R=H [1 a]2+, Me [1 f]2+, tBu [1 g]2+), and [C12H4R4N2CH2CH2]2+ (R=H [2 a]2+, Me [2 b]2+) were prepared and evaluated for use in the initiation of hydrodefluorination (HDF) catalysis. Compound [2 a]2+ proved highly effective towards generating catalytically active silylium cations via Lewis acid‐mediated hydride abstraction from silane. This enabled the HDF of a range of aryl‐ and alkyl‐ substituted sp3(C−F) bonds under mild conditions. The protocol was also adapted to effect the deuterodefluorination of cis‐2,4,6‐(CF3)3C6H9. The dications are shown to act as hydride acceptors with the isolation of neutral species C16H14N2 (3 a) and C16H10Me4N2 (3 b) and monocationic species [C14H13N2]+ ([4 a]+) and [C18H21N2]+ ([4 b]+). Experimental and computational data provide further support that the dications are initiators in the generation of silylium cations.
Mechanically Interlocked Chiral Self‐Templated [2]Catenanes from 2,6‐Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (btp) Ligands
Authors: McCarney Eoin P. , Lovitt June I. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the efficient self‐templated formation of optically active 2,6‐bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (btp) derived homocircuit [2]catenane enantiomers. This represents the first example of the enantiopure formation of chiral btp homocircuit [2]catenanes from starting materials consisting of a classical chiral element; X‐ray diffraction crystallography enabled the structural characterization of the [2]catenane. The self‐assembly reaction was monitored closely in solution facilitating the characterization of the pseudo‐rotaxane reaction intermediate prior to mechanically interlocking the pre‐organised system via ring‐closing metathesis.