bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Into the Civic life: The Nexus of Urbanization, Education and Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Shoukat Ayza , Chaudhary Muhammad Gulzaib 
Published: November 2021

Women comprise nearly 50 percent of the population of Pakistan which is enriched with a variety of regional, cultural, and ethnic values. These values are traditionally responsible for limiting opportunities for women and keeping them less empowered. This study examines the link between education and urbanization that is empowering women in Pakistan. Time series data for the period of 1980 to 2019 has been used for empirical analysis. The stationarity of data has been checked by using the ADF unit root test. All the variables used in the study have a unit root at the level and become stationary at first difference. Johansen's co-integration technique is utilized to check the long-run relationship between the variables used in the study. Instead of using any single variable, we have constructed the Women Empowerment Index (WEI) by using multiple women-related indicators for in-depth analysis. Empirical findings indicate that women's empowerment is positively associated with education and urbanization in Pakistan. Other controlled variables include domestic credit with a positive association and inflation with a negative association. The study shows that empowering women is sensitive to urbanization and education. There must be women-specific educational and training institutions across the country with a special focus on rural areas for equal availability of opportunities for women of all cultures. Urbanization provides greater social, economic and political opportunities for women. Same opportunities should be provided for women in rural areas to make them more empowered. Moreover, control of inflation and the provision of credit on easy terms will also help to enhance women's contribution to economic activity in Pakistan.
An Empirical Investigation of the Performance of Fund Managers in Pakistan
Authors: Sanaullah Sanaullah , Noor Amna , Khan Salleh , Khan Muhammad Shahbaz 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the stock selection ability and market timing ability of mutual fund managers, focusing on conventional funds and Islamic funds in Pakistan. Although there has been significant growth in the number and assets of mutual funds in recent years, few studies measure the performance of mutual funds managers. The scarcity of existing literature motivates this study. In this study, two models are used to measure the stock selection and market timing on a sample of conventional mutual funds and Islamic mutual funds over 2010 and 2019 using annual returns. Overall, the results indicate that the performance study of conventional mutual funds and Islamic mutual funds indicates that manager performance is not superior in all three portfolios, i.e., conventional funds, Islamic funds, and overall funds in over sample period. This also indicates that both Conventional and Islamic fund managers do not outperform the market (KSE 100 index). Thus, there is a lack of market timing ability. Using Tranoy and mazuy and Jansen models found a lack of stock selection and market timing ability of mutual fund managers in Pakistani mutual funds. In this study, I have applied only two models to examine both the timing and selection ability of conventional and Islamic Pakistani equity funds. For future possibilities, the study suggests adopting several methods and approaches like the TMFF3 model and HM-FF3 model, making the study more comprehensive and accurate than this research.
Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Atiq ur , Shaheen Ruqia , Munir Farzana 
Published: November 2021

The role of international trade in boosting economic growth is imperative in the era of globalization and trade liberalization. A trade openness policy can help stimulate economic growth mainly in two ways. Firstly, technology is transferred from developed countries to developing countries through imports. Secondly, the export promotion strategies facilitate the innovations and inventions promoting competition among the producers. In this way, research-intensive specialization culture is flourished in developing countries. This study aims at examining the effect of global trade orientation on growth in 23 emerging economies for the period 1995-2018. The panel data estimation approach including fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) reveal a positive and statistically significant influence of trade openness on economic growth. The empirical results are robust to the various specifications, supporting the trade-led growth notion in the economies under consideration. The emerging economies can achieve higher growth rates through trade openness and export promotion strategies.
Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relationship of Worry and Unhealthy Eating Behaviors among University Students
Authors: Mahmood Sarah , Batool Syeda Shahida 
Published: November 2021

Students’ success primarily lies in the proper functioning of health behaviors, enhancing their cognitive skills during higher-level studies. However, the links between worry and health behaviors such as dietary habits are not entirely understood, particularly during student life when overthinking increases. The present study examines the relationship between worry and unhealthy eating behaviors among university students and the mediating role of rumination. For this purpose, a sample of 200 (100 male and 100 female) university students is taken in the study. The responses were recorded on a booklet consisting of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ, 16 items), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS; Short version, 10 items), and Dutch Eating Behaviors Scale (DEBQ, 33 items). Findings indicated that worry and unhealthy eating behaviors (viz., dietary restrained, emotional and external eating) positively correlated and rumination mediated the relationship of worry with emotional and external eating. Moreover, female students scored significantly higher on rumination than male students. The study can help design interventions and plan strategies for university students' health, growth, and development as a large proportion of the sample reported a significant impact of worry on unhealthy eating behaviors.
Factors Associated with students’ Intention to use E-Learning System: A Study from Public Universities of Lahore
Authors: Shaheen Shagufta , Kamran Mubasher Muhammad , Naeem Saira , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: November 2021

The study's primary purpose is to explore the factors affecting the students' intention to use e-learning systems in the COVID pandemic. The model of the “Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology” (UTAUT) was used as a theoretical underpinning. The Independent variables include “performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition,” and the dependent variable is the intention to use e-learning systems. The quantitative data were collected from the postgraduate and undergraduate students of the public universities of Lahore. A total of n=411 students were approached, out of which the responses of only 399 were considered valid and were used for Multiple linear regression through SPSS 25. It was a cross-sectional study. It was found that almost all constructs of the model have a significant positive impact on intention to use e-learning systems. The study's main contribution is exposing the factors that affect the acceptance and use of e-learning systems. This study has several policy implications for policy experts of higher education”.
Environmental Implications of Deforestation: A Time Series Study of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shamrez , Ali Hina , Raza Kashif 
Published: November 2021

Long-lasting discussion regarding global warming still keeps on moving at the national as well as international level. The environmental fabric, weather pattern, and climate conditions have witnessed a considerable change due to some known factors. Deforestation is one of these factors. Formerly, researchers have paid attention to assess the impact of deforestation on the environment and associated threats to human lives. It is worth mentioning that a reasonable amount of stock of forests is primarily required to balance the amount of CO2 and other environmental gasses. To advance this concept, the current study focuses on the impacts of deforestation on environmental degradation and climate change in Pakistan. Since the dawn of humanity, there is a strong relationship, natural phenomena like forests and the growth of the human population. To explore this relationship, in this research study we use the data set that covers the time span of 1975-2020. In this regard, we apply discreet time-dependent variables such as the amount of stock of forest and events, which poses threats to humans, live in Pakistan. Our results of the unit root test, the autoregressive distributed lag, ARDL, and Engel and Granger, EG, technique have verified short-term and long-term association and relationship among selected variables. The results show a positive correlation between deforestation and environmental degradation and climate change in the long run and short-run as well. These findings provide the guidelines to policymakers to enhance the forest area in the country to counter the environmental degradation and climate changes that have been occurring for the previous decade.
Arabic-5 Explaining the ascertainment of the philosophers and their words containing in the order of (Al-Tamyeez) by Abdulaziz (From first to thirty)
Authors: Saeed Rana Hafiz Ahmad , Khalil Abuzar 
Published: November 2021

This article is an effort to discuss the ideology of ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Parhārvī about philosophy and philosophers which contributed for the promoting and promulgating of this science. In this regard, ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Parhārvī has selected some prominent philosophers in his valuable manuscript Al-tamyīz and this article will discuss from one to thirty scholars among those. This article will highlight the significance of his work that why this work is important in the science of Philosophy and what is the importance of ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Parhārvī among philosophers. Moreover, it will highlight the cause of selection of these philosophers that why these philosophers were selected by ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Parhārvī that why these philosophers were chose among thousands of philosophers and which factors are common among those. This article will be beneficial for new researchers and become a landmark about this topic.
Urdu-25 A Principles of Amendment of the Society in the Teaching / Light of the addresses of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (R.A)
Authors: Bashir Uzma , Bin Muhammad Jameel Kaleem ullah 
Published: November 2021

Important Principles in the Light of the Sermons of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq in Reforming Society. The art of Addressing is very important in Islam, Arabic is considered to be the best language in the world in terms of its comprehensiveness and beauty of expression and the Arabs also claim superiority over other nations in this regard, their claim was in the past and Even today. Especially before His resurrection, Arabic poetry was considered the best source of Arabic language and literature. This language was found in the form of poems and speeches. In Arabs, poetry and rhetoric were considered the most important source of ideas. Through speech, the chiefship and determination of one's own tribe was expressed. In conversation, speech was used to make others agree. Speech was considered as the first condition for ruling. People of every tribe used to acquire this art to train their children in it. After the advent of Islam, significant virtues were born in this art. When Islam came, the people of that time were proud of their language, rhetoric and eloquence. They were so proud of their rhetoric and eloquence that they used to call the whole world “Ajami” except themselves.
He صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم Who was the preacher of of Revolution, perfectly Role model in the field of Addressing by the essence of rhetoric. “And my brother Haron's language is more fluent than mine. Send him as a helper to me to confirm me because I am afraid they will deny me” Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was Siddiq of the Islamic Ummah, Rasoolullah's Companion and Khatib pf Yom-e-Saqifa and the first caliph and the milestone in hstory of Islamic oratory. Which not only saved the Islamic Ummah from disintegration and disintegration but also paved the way for the eradication of apostates, deniers of Zakat, false claimants of Prophethood and then opened the door to the conquests of Islam by which the Muslims By defeating the two greatest forces by that time in a single century.t, Islam bestowed Respect and strength, the effects of which have not been erased from the hearts of the world till date. Among the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the selected sermons of the first Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) have been recorded, and social principles have been written from them. Work patientlyThe following sermon was delivered by Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) on the occasion of the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This sermon of his is very important in its nature. His understanding and the delicacy of the occasion as He handled it. It was his worth only.
Hazrat Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah from his house (after the death of the Holy Prophet), then he went to the Prophet's Masjid and then came to my room in silence. He opened the body of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), bowed down and kissed him and wept
Urdu-26 A study of The Book of Mumtaz Shireen, “Manto: Noori Na Nari” according Islamic values
Authors: Jabeen Fatma , Babar Norina Tahreem 
Published: November 2021

Islam is a complete code of life. Allah Almighty has given this code of life through the Last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ who passed his life according this code and present his life as Symbol for all mankind. He ﷺ told what is allowed and abandon from the misdeeds. Manto is represent as a person who write about misdeeds of life. Saadat Hasan Manto (11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955) was a writer author born in Ludhiana active in British India and later, after the partition, in Pakistan. Writing mainly in the Urdu language, he produced 22 collections of short stories, a novel, five series of radio plays, three collections of essays and two collections of personal sketches. Manto was known to write about the hard truths of society that no one dared to talk about. A review of Mumtaz Shireen book “Manto: Noori Na Nari”. Mumtaz Shireen is a Story Writer as well as an exceptional Critic of Urdu Fiction. She Presents her Critical reviews in a solid and well-reasoned manner in light of international literature. Mumtaz Shireen is Considered as one of the foremost critics of fiction. She has discussed the feature of novel, novelette, novella and short story. In term of criticism, two of her books are worth mentioning the first book “Mayar” is a compilation of 13 of her critical essays. The 2nd “Manto: Noori Na Nari” is a compilation of Mumtaz Shireen’s miscellaneous writings about Manto. The following article is a comparative overview of book “Manto: Noori Na Nari” and Islamic Values and his place according to Islamic Values.
Urdu-30 The Method and Style of Tafsir Ruhul Bayan is Permissible
Authors: Nazir Asma , Najam Barvi Muhammad Ramzan 
Published: November 2021

Tafsir ruh ul bayan is one of the famous sufi tafseers of quran, popular in sunni scholors and often quoted from.the great turkish imam and wali of allah imam ismail haqqi al barousawi al naqashbandi (died 1127 ah) wrote tafsir of quran ruh al bayan fi tafseer al quran . It is available in 10 volumes . It has also been translated in urdu by mufti faiz ahmad owaisi. The author sheikh ismail haqqi was a great sheikh of naqashbandi mujaddidi order and belonged to the khalidi branch of this order . Ismail haqqi bursevi (1635.1725) imam khalid was born in 1776 and died in 1827 so as to how ismail haqqi bursevi could have been “khalidi” amazing as it that is historically impossible.ismail haqqi was helveti. He wrote many books .one of his turkish books has been translated into english and urdu as tafsir ruh al bayan .one can be benefited from this tafsir a lot. However ,there are certain and mawdu hadith present in it. One thing about which we can be sure this thst, imam haqqi (rh) was certainly not aware that these hadith were mawdu ,otherwise he would not have mentioned those hadith in this tafsir.
Analisis Kepuasan Konsumen di Restoran Canting Semarang.
Authors: Nugraheni Krisnawati Setyaningrum , Octafian Ray 
Published: November 2021

Kepuasan Konsumen dipengaruhi oleh variabel kualitas produk dan kepuasan pelayanan merupakan variabel bebas, sedangkan kepuasan konsumen merupakan variabel terikat. Untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kualitas produk, fasilitas dan lokasi terhadap kepuasan konsumen, dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin yang didapat sebesar 87 dengan tingkat kesalahan 10%. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Accidental sampling yang dilakukan dengan memperoleh data dari sekumpulan populasi, lalu secara insidental atau secara kebetulan saja dengan tidak menggunakan perencanaan tertentu. Nilai R2 sebesar 0.821, artinya 82.1% kepuasan konsumen dapat dijelaskan oleh variable kualitas produk, fasilitas dan lokasi sedangkan 17.9 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya.
Consumer satisfaction is influenced by product quality and service satisfaction variables are independent variables, while customer satisfaction is the dependent variable. To find out the magnitude of the effect of product quality, facilities and location on customer satisfaction, in sampling using the Slovin formula obtained at 87 with an error rate of 10%. The sampling technique uses the method of accidental sampling which is done by obtaining data from a group of population, then incidentally or incidentally by not using a particular plan. R2 value of 0.821, meaning that 82.1% of customer satisfaction can be explained by the variable quality of products, facilities and location while 17.9% is explained by other variables
ANALISIS MASLAHAH TERHADAP WAKAF MUAQQAT (STUDI PASAL 1 AYAT 1 UU NO. 14 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF)
Authors: Makinudin Makinudin 
Published: November 2021

Wakaf merupakan salah satu bagian dari sedekah, yang dalam hadis diberi sifat dengan lafal “jariyyah” setelah lafal “sadaqah”, dan oleh ulama dianggap sedekah yang paling utama. Wakaf diundangkan melalui al-Qur’an dan al-Hadith, dan dipraktekkan sejak zaman nabi Muhammad saw. sampai sekarang. Bahkan, di Indonesia, sejak tahun 2004 telah ada undang-undang tentang wakaf yang menyempurnakan peraturan-peraturan sebelumnya.
Pada umumnya, masyarakat Islam beranggapan bahwa wakaf itu bersifat muabbad (berlaku selamanya), tidak muaqqat (dibatasi waktunya), sehingga jika wakif telah mengucapkan ikrar wakaf, maka benda yang diwakafkan itu lepas dari miliknya, tidak dapat ditarik kembali. Hal ini didasarkan, bahwa mereka bermazhab Shafi’i, sebagaimana kitab-kitab dan buku-buku mereka yang dibaca dan dipahami, sehingga jika ada pendapat lain, mereka menolaknya, padahal wakaf itu merupakan masalah ijtihad.
Pasal 1 ayat 1 Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf menjelaskan bahwa wakaf itu ada yang muabbad dan muaqqat, berbeda dengan peraturan sebelumnya, yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 1977 Tentang Perwakafan Tanah Milik dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, dengan cara menggabungkan beberapa mazhab fiqh, Malikiyyah, Hanafiyyah, Shafi’iyyah, dan Malikiyyah dengan cara talfiq.
Pemberlakuan wakaf muaqqat sesuai dengan ulama Malikiyyah yang menyatakan bahwa benda wakaf tidak lepas dari kepemilikan wakif dan Hanafiyyah, yang berpendapat bahwa wakaf itu seperti akad ‘ariyah (pinjaman), yang sewaktu-waktu dapat ditarik kembali. Sedangkan, dari sisi maslahah, wakaf muaqqat, yang merupakan bagian dari Pasal 1 ayat 1 UU No. 41 Tahun 2004 termasuk dalam maslahah hajiyyah (sekunder), yang bersifat menyempurnakan maslahah daruriyyah (primer) terkait dengan memelihara keturunan (muhafazah ‘ala naslal-nasab), sehingga terhindar dari kefakiran keluarga wakif.
Accounting for Inventory from a Commercial Point of View
Authors: Purnamasari Dewi , Almira Ayu , Savira Nadia Della 
Published: November 2021

Inventory control is a very important managerial function because the physical inventory of many companies involves the largest investment in current assets. The main purpose of inventory accounting is to determine periodic profit and loss through the process of bringing together the cost of goods sold with the sales proceeds in one accounting period and determining the amount of inventory to be presented in the balance sheet. This paper aims to describe the accounting for inventory from a commercial point of view. The method used in this study is qualitative in nature with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the main functions of inventory are to avoid delays in goods, loss of goods and with the presence of inventory, the company's operations can continue to run so that services to consumers can be carried out as well as possible. More specifically, the main functions of inventory are the decoupling function, economic lot-sizing function, and anticipation function. As the inventories become subject to regulations in Indonesia, the study also highlights the purposes of calculating the income tax of inventories. Article 10 paragraph (6) of the Income Tax Law states that inventories must be valued at cost. Therefore, if the taxpayer makes an assessment based on a method other than cost, an adjustment is required.
Het Athene van de 21ste eeuw?
Authors: Pemberton Antony 
Published: November 2021

Athens in the 21th century? Reflections on Leuven restorative City
This essay is a scientific reflection on Leuven Restorative City (LRC). The cities, which present themselves as ‘restorative cities’, aim to ensure that restoration continues to nestle in the capillaries of our society. The article argues that realizing the LRC-promise requires restorative thinking through the meso-level of local public life. This involves reference to a number of notions that can be traced back to Ancient Greek thought in Athens, in which the intellectual virtue of phronesis – practical wisdom in a social and political context – is central. Citizens are seen as allies in the solution of social issues. LRC contributes to this through its focus on ‘turning conflict into opportunities’. Restorative justice wisdom is more widely applicable in society. However, the LRC process can sometimes be erratic and unpredictable. The article points to the possible alternation of good and bad periods, and puts forward the expectation that the development of restorative practices in Leuven can be understood as cascades. In these cascades, the course of the diffusion of restorative practices is presented in terms of successive waves of learning experiences and knowledge sharing.