bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features of nodular gastritis in three classes of age
Authors: Kako Satoko , Iwaya Yugo , Nagaya Tadanobu , Hara Daichi , Okamura Takuma , Iwaya Mai , Kurasawa Shingo , Kato Sawako , Nakayama Yoshiko , Akamatsu Taiji , Umemura Takeji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNodular gastritis is most often one of the manifestations of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is a risk factor for gastric cancer. This study aimed to determine if the histological characteristics of nodular gastritis differed across classes of age.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with multiple mucosal biopsies of the stomach between 2003 and 2019 for evaluation of updated Sydney System scores. We analyzed and compared the histological characteristics of pediatric (≤15 years old), young (16–29 years old), and older (≥30 years old) patients.ResultsOf the 1321 patients enrolled, 1027 patients (78%) had H. pylori infection, with 214 patients (21%) of them displaying nodular gastritis. Among nodular gastritis patients, mononuclear cell infiltration Sydney System scores in the gastric body were significantly higher in the older group than in the pediatric (p < .001) and young (p < .001) groups. Similar results were seen for neutrophil infiltration scores in the gastric body. To clarify the characteristics of older nodular gastritis, we investigated 1056 older patients (66 with nodular gastritis, 754 with atrophic gastritis, and 236 H. pylori‐negative). The scores for mononuclear and neutrophil cell infiltration in the gastric body were significantly higher in nodular gastritis patients than in atrophic gastritis patients (both p < .001) and patients negative for H. pylori (both p < .001).ConclusionsThe inflammatory changes in the gastric body in older nodular gastritis patients were more severe as compared with those in pediatric and young nodular gastritis patients in addition to older atrophic gastritis patients.
Adab and governance in two letters of al‐Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād
Authors: Pomerantz Maurice A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article considers the role of adab literary cultivation in the practice of Islamic statecraft in the 4th/10 century Western Iran. Analyzing two letters drawn from a surviving dīwān of letters composed during the period of Buyid rule in Iraq and Western Iran by the famed vizier al‐Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād (d. 385/995), the article addresses how adab learning informed and inflected the conduct and practice of interactions with the state. Countering the oft‐made claim that learning was functional grease for the machinery of government, it argues that adab was essential to holding state and society together.
Comparing two different family‐based childhood obesity treatment programmes in a medically underserved region: Effectiveness, engagement and implementation outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zoellner Jamie M. , You Wen , Hill Jennie L. , Brock Donna‐Jean P. , Yuhas Maryam , Price Bryan , Wilson Jonathon , Montague Danielle R. , Estabrooks Paul A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundAccess to evidence‐ and family‐based childhood obesity (FBCO) treatment interventions is a challenge, especially in underserved regions where childhood obesity disparities persist.ObjectiveCompare two 6‐month FBCO treatment interventions, iChoose (high intensity, parent–child dyads) and Family Connections (low intensity, parents only), in one underserved US region.MethodsThis unblinded, RCT reports on effectiveness and implementation outcomes. Eligibility included children ages 5–12 with BMI ≥85th percentile. Analyses included descriptive statistics and intention‐to‐treat Heckman treatment effect models.ResultsEnrolled children (n = 139, mean age 10.1 ± 1.7 years, 30% with overweight, 70% with obesity, 45% black, 63% Medicaid) were randomly assigned to iChoose (n = 70) or Family Connections (n = 69). Retention rates were 63% for iChoose and 84% for Family Connection. Among children, 6‐month BMI z‐score changes were not statistically significant within iChoose [BMI z‐score 0.03 (95% CI = −0.13, 0.19)] or Family Connections [BMI z‐score 0.00 (95% CI = −0.16, 0.16)]. Likewise, parents' BMI changes were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported. Both programmes were delivered with high fidelity (77%–100%). Engagement in core components was 25%–36% for iChoose and 52%–61% for Family Connections. Implementation costs per child with improved BMI z‐score were $2841 for iChoose and $955 for Family Connections.ConclusionsNeither intervention yielded significant improvements in child BMI z‐score or parent BMI, yet both were delivered with high fidelity. Relative to iChoose, descriptive data indicated higher retention, better engagement, and lower costs for Family Connections—suggesting that a lower intensity and parent‐focused programme may better fit the intended audience's context.
The IL‐23/IL‐17 axis promotes the formation of retinal neovascularization by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages in an experimental retinopathy mouse model
Authors: Sui Ailing , Chen Xiuping , Yao Yiyun , Yao Yixuan , Shen Xi , Zhu Yanji , Xie Bing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetinal neovascularization (RNV), a pathological process shared among diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and other retinopathies, has been widely studied, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism by which the interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 axis regulates RNV in oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) model mice and in cell experiments in vitro was characterized. In the retinas of OIR mice, IL‐23/IL‐17 axis activation was increased and regulated RNV formation, and this effect was accompanied by increased macrophage recruitment and nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Moreover, inhibiting the IL‐23/IL‐17 axis reduced the number of macrophage and the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. On the other hand, recombinant (r) IL‐23p19 and rIL‐17A promoted the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the proliferation and migration of macrophages. Furthermore, macrophage elimination decreased the activation of IL‐23/IL‐17 axis and the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, our experiments showed that the IL‐23/IL‐17 axis promoted the formation of RNV by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal macrophages of an OIR mouse model.
Interdisciplinary management of a maxillary central incisor with a palato‐radicular groove: A case report with 27 years follow‐up
Authors: Mathews David P. , Hansen David E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe palato‐radicular groove (PRG) is caused by a developmental anomaly, genetically determined, whereby an in‐folding of the enamel organ and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath occurs. The depth and length of the groove determine the prognosis for the tooth. The interdisciplinary team formulated a treatment plan to save this tooth for this 8‐year‐old patient. The goal was to prolong the life of the tooth until his growth was completed and a more permanent tooth replacement could be considered if the tooth failed.Clinical considerationsThis patient had #8 with a very deep palatal groove extending from the CEJ to the apex of the tooth, causing a 12 mm periodontal pocket with suppuration. Endodontic treatment, periodontal regeneration, and orthodontics were done to prolong the life of the tooth and preserve the bone for future tooth replacement if the tooth failed and needed to be extracted. The tooth survived for 11 years before the pocketing recurred due to the deep groove. The tooth was extracted and replaced with an implant.ConclusionTeeth with a PRG present multiple challenges depending on the depth and length of the groove. An accurate diagnosis of the endodontic and periodontal status of the tooth is critical. Teeth with very long and deep grooves make the case more difficult to treat endodontically and periodontally. The tooth had a very poor prognosis; however, it was saved for an extended period of time with a well thought out interdisciplinary treatment plan. The advantages of maintaining this tooth, in lieu of extraction at age 8, will be elucidated.Clinical significanceRetaining guarded teeth in the maxillary esthetic zone for an 8‐year‐old patient, has many advantages. It can simplify and enhance future treatment results. The patient retained this central incisor through the formative years. It simplified the orthodontic treatment and implant treatment. The importance of keeping “roots in the bone” to preserve the alveolar bone has many advantages for future treatment options.
Building stock dynamics and the impact of construction bubble and bust on employment in China
Authors: Liu Qiance , Liu Litao , Liu Xiaojie , Li Shenggong , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rapid urbanization and building boom in China in the past decades provided not only massive residential and nonresidential floor space, but also millions of jobs especially for migrants from rural areas. However, such high‐speed growth of building stocks is not expected to continue forever and its dynamics, especially declining, may affect the job market of the construction sector and further China's social stability. Here, we extended a dynamic material flow analysis (dMFA) model that characterized the building stocks and flows to forecast the province‐level direct labor demand in construction, installation, and decoration in mainland China from 1950 to 2050. We show that as China's per capita building stocks start to saturate in the next decades, building inflow will decrease with a speed of 2.6–2.7 billion m2/year, corresponding to a decrease of direct construction employment by 2–3 million by 2050. The flow of migrant workers from Central South and Southwestern China to construction in the Southeastern coast of China will remain until 2050. Our results exemplify the usefulness of dMFA for labor demand forecasting and call for proper governmental plans and policies in advance to train migrant workers for new labor markets and potential re‐employment in face of the construction bubble and bust.
Nurses’ Priorities for Improving Pregnancy and Birth Care for Individuals with Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Busse Morgan M. , Kim Jane , Unite Marianne , Kantrowitz‐Gordon Ira , Altman Molly R. 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionThe motivation to seek treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) can increase during the perinatal period. However, several identified barriers, such as poor access to services, lack of trained providers, stigma, and legal ramifications of OUD, limit the ability for individuals with OUD to receive safe and supportive care during pregnancy and birth. During the birth hospital stay in particular, nurses provide the majority of care for pregnant and birthing families. We aimed to engage nurses, with experience caring for pregnant and postpartum individuals with OUD, in priority setting as a way to identify areas of need in the current health care systems.MethodsUsing community‐engaged priority setting methods, we recruited a sample of 47 nurses (phase 1) and 20 nurses (phase 2), including nurse‐midwives and other advanced practice nurses, at a statewide nursing conference, who reported regularly providing care for pregnant and postpartum individuals with OUD. We invited participants to submit questions and concerns regarding the provision of care for individuals with OUD (phase 1). A selection of those who submitted questions attended a focus group to rank and prioritize submitted questions into a set of priorities for research, policy, and care improvement (phase 2).ResultsIn phase 1, participants submitted a total of 165 questions and concerns. In phase 2, participants prioritized the following: funding to support improvements in OUD care in the perinatal period, increased access to services, supportive housing for individuals in recovery, standardization of care for individuals with OUD, and efforts to destigmatize care.DiscussionNurses who work with pregnant and postpartum individuals with OUD have a unique insight as to how health care providers, including midwives, can better support this community and should be engaged setting priorities for research, changes to policy, and improvement in care.
MRI of middle ear cholesteatoma: The importance of observer reliance from diffusion sequences
Authors: Fischer Natalie , Plaikner Michaela , Schartinger Volker H. , Kremser Christian , Riechelmann Herbert , Schmutzhard Joachim , Gottfried Timo , Dejaco Daniel , Tauber Helmuth , Josip Ena , Henninger Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeDiffusion‐weighted imaging(DWI) in MRI has been developed as an important tool for the detection of cholesteatoma. Various DWI sequences are available. This study aims to evaluate the importance of the observer's reliance level for the detection of cholesteatoma.MethodsForty patients meeting the following criteria were included in the study: (1) chronic otitis media, (2) preoperative MRI including various DWI sequences, and (3) middle‐ear surgery. The MRI protocol contained the following sequences: (1) axial and (2) coronal echoplanar imaging (EPI) readout‐segmented (RESOLVE) DWI with Trace acquisition and (3) coronal non‐EPI half‐Fourier acquired single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) DWI. Cholesteatoma diagnosis was based on standard diagnostic criteria for cholesteatoma with DWI. Additionally, the radiologists were asked to grade personal reliance on their diagnosis using a Likert‐type scale from 1 = very insecure to 5 = very secure.ResultsAxial and coronal RESOLVE DWI showed a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 72.2%, respectively. The mean reliance was 3.9 for axial and 3.8 for coronal images. HASTE DWI had a sensitivity/specificity of 81.8%/66.7% with the highest reliance of all evaluated sequences (4.4). Cases with a reliance level of 5 showed a sensitivity/specificity of 100% in all sequences. A reliance level of 5 was given in the axial and coronal RESOLVE DWI in 32.5% of cases and in the HASTE DWI in 57.5%.ConclusionThe evaluated DWI sequences showed comparable results. The reliance level significantly improved the predictor of cholesteatoma disease with MRI techniques.
Function analysis of a cotton R2R3 MYB transcription factor GhMYB3 in regulating plant trichome development
Authors: Shangguan X. , Yang Q. , Wu X. , Cao J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Cotton is an important fibre‐producing crop. Cotton fibres consist of highly elongated trichomes derived from the ovule. To improve the quality of cotton, it is necessary to identify the genes regulating fibre development.

GhMYB3 was identified through bioinfomatic analysis and introduced to Arabidopsis and cotton to observe the phenotype. Protein inteaction and promoter bingding assays were conducted to explore the role of GhMYB3 in trichome fibre growth.

Cotton fibre development might share a similar regulatory mechanism to Arabidopsis leaf trichomes, which is determined by the essential regulatory complex, MYB‐bHLH‐WD40. The GL1‐like R2R3 MYB transcription factor GhMYB3 interacts with the AtGL3 protein involved in Arabidopsis trichome development. Ectopic expression of GhMYB3 could rescue the glabrous phenotype of the Arabidopsis gl1 mutant and produced more ectopic trichomes on inflorescence stems and floral organs, confirming its orthologous function in plant trichome development. The expression of GhMYB3 increased in response to exogenous gibberellin (GA3), auxin (IAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Overexpression of this gene in cotton leads to a slight increase in fibre length and lint percentage, possibly by activating the transcription of its downstream gene GhRDL1 or other fibre‐related genes.

The results increase our understanding of the key role of GhMYB3 in positively controlling plant trichome development, and this gene could be a potential target for molecular breeding in cotton.
Examining the role of pre‐pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in allergic disease development among offspring: A population‐based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Srugo Sebastian A. , Fell Deshayne B. , Corsi Daniel J. , Fakhraei Romina , Guo Yanfang , Gaudet Laura M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy may influence foetal immunological development. However, their role in the aetiology of allergic disease is unclear.ObjectivesWe sought to examine the impact of maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the incidence of four common paediatric allergic diseases.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, population‐based cohort study of all singleton live births in Ontario, Canada between 2012 and 2014, using maternal‐newborn records from the provincial birth registry linked with health administrative databases. Neonates were followed up to 7 years for anaphylaxis, asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis, identified through validated algorithms based on healthcare encounters. We multiply imputed missing data and employed Cox proportional‐hazards models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). To test the robustness of our findings, we also conducted several sensitivity analyses, including probabilistic bias analyses for exposure and outcome misclassification. All methods were prespecified in a published protocol.ResultsOf the 248,017 infants followed, 52% were born to mothers with a pre‐pregnancy BMI in the normal range and only 19% were born to mothers with adequate weight gain during pregnancy. Incidence rates (per 100,000 person‐days) for anaphylaxis, asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis were 0.22, 6.80, 12.41 and 1.54, respectively. Compared with normal BMI, maternal obesity was associated with increased hazards of asthma in offspring (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05, 1.11), but decreased hazards of anaphylaxis (aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69, 0.99) and dermatitis (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94, 0.99). In contrast, maternal underweight was associated with increased hazards of dermatitis (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10). We found no associations between pre‐pregnancy BMI and rhinitis or GWG and any allergic outcome, and no evidence of effect measures modification by infant sex.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the involvement of maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI in paediatric allergic disease development.
Mother‐child talk about mental states: The what, who, and how of conversations about the mind
Authors: Tompkins Virginia , Montgomery Derek E. , Blosser Michael K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch on parents’ mental state talk (MST) and children's social understanding is typically situated within a social constructivist approach, which asserts that parent‐child conversations around mental states promotes children's social understanding. However, prior research has provided a limited view of children's participation in these exchanges or the interaction among qualities of MST. This study examined 67 mothers’ MST while narrating a wordless book with their preschoolers (Mage = 4.51 years) and children's subsequent responses; children were 80% White and 49% female. We coded mothers’ MST for three qualities: (1) category (e.g., cognition), (2) referent (e.g., child), and (3) utterance function (e.g., open‐ended question). Using sequential analysis, we hypothesized that children would respond to mothers’ mental state input with MST or connected talk. We also examined relations among mothers’ mental state category and referent/function. Examining over 1700 utterance pairs, there was considerable matching between mother's and children's MST within categories, children responded in a connected way when MST focused on the child or cognition, and children tended to respond to open‐ended questions and closed questions, but not comments, about mental states. This study provides a novel method for analyzing parent‐child MST, suggests that particular qualities of mothers’ MST tend to co‐occur, and suggests that particular qualities of mental states are especially likely to engage children in MST.
Knowledge of neonatal danger signs and associated factors among husbands of mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shitu Solomon , Abebe Haimanot , Adane Daniel , Wassie Abebaw , Mose Ayenew , Yeshaneh Alex 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess knowledge of neonatal danger signs and their associations among husbands of mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia, from 1 February to 28 February 2020.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingGurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study was conducted among 633 participants living in Gurage Zone from 1 February to 28 February 2020. 618 completed the questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was employed to obtain study participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by 20 experienced and trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire. To assess knowledge, 10 questions were adopted from the WHO questionnaire, which is a standardised and structured questionnaire used internationally. Data were entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) V.24 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed and the findings were presented in text, figures and tables. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. All variables with p<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the final model and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Voluntary consent was taken from all participants.ResultsA total of 618 participants were included in the study, with a response rate of 97.6%. Of the participants, 40.7% had good knowledge (95% CI 36.3 to 44.2). Urban residence (adjusted OR=6.135, 95% CI 4.429 to 9.238) and a primary and above educational level (adjusted OR=4.294, 95% CI 1.875 to 9.831) were some independent predictors of husbands’ knowledge status.ConclusionKnowledge of neonatal danger signs in this study was low. Urban residence, primary and above educational level, the husband’s wife undergoing instrumental delivery and accompanying the wife during antenatal care visits were independent predictors of knowledge. Thus, strong multisectoral collaboration should target reducing the knowledge gap by improving husbands’ attitude with regard to accompanying their wives during antenatal care and postnatal care visits, or create a strategy to increase husbands’ participation in access to maternal and child health service since husbands are considered decision-makers when it comes to healthcare-seeking in the family. The government should come up with policies that will help promote formal education in the community and increase their media access.