bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Left Ventricular Thrombus among Patients with Significantly Impaired Systolic Function
Authors: Alranini Ibrahim Abdullah , Kheirallah Hatim , Alfonso Juan Jaime , Al Fagih Ahmed R. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The prevalence of Left Ventricular (LV) thrombus as well as the distribution among patients with a variable degree of left ventricular systolic
function impairment due to various etiologies is not well known.

Objectives:
To describe the distribution of left ventricular thrombus in relation to the underlying pathology, i.e., ischemic versus non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
with Ejection Fraction (EF) below 45%.

Methods:
All echocardiography studies performed between January 2013 and September 2017 were reviewed, and only those with confirmed LV thrombus
were included. The patient’s demographic, clinical characteristics, cardiac history, and echocardiographic parameters were obtained. The cohort
was divided into 4 subgroups: 22 patients with EF of 36 - 45% (A), 114 with 26% - 35% (B), 99 with 16 - 25% (C) and 48 with 15% or less (D).

Results:
A total of 63,732 echocardiography study results were reviewed. Only 282 patients were proved to have LV thrombus with EF less than 45%. 217
(77%) patients had previous myocardial infarction, of which 212 (97.7%) were presented with anterior regional wall motion abnormality. 90
(32.7%) patients were found to have dilated left ventricle, and 41 (14.5%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). 37 (13.2%) patients had
moderately severe to severe mitral regurgitation. It was observed that the highest distribution of LV thrombus was seen in group B (40.3%).

Conclusion:
The majority of LV thrombus distribution was seen in patients with EF between 26% to 35% due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conversely, in the
cohort of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, the majority were observed in those with severely impaired LV function.
Diverticular Disease of the Vermiform Appendix - Is it a Distinctive Clinico- Pathological Entity?
Authors: Ben-Ishay Offir , Abdalqader Narmeen , Zohar Yaniv , Kluger Yoram 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Diverticular disease of the appendix [DDOA] is a rare occurrence. Although acquired in nature, its impact on the disease process of appendicitis is
not well-defined. The purpose of the current study is to include a comprehensive clinico-pathological definition of the disease through a
retrospective single-center cohort analysis with a prospective pathological re-evaluation.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of post-appendectomy patients over a period of 16 years [2000-2015] was carried out. Patients with DDOA were identified
and compared to a control group of patients with acute appendicitis. Histology was re-evaluated prospectively by a senior pathologist. Primary
measures of the outcome included clinical and surgical differences. Pathological macroscopic differences between the two groups and a
comprehensive description of the DDOA itself were performed.

Results:
6846 post appendectomy patients were operated on during the study period, and 127 [1.9%] were diagnosed with DDOA. The DDOA group
showed significantly higher age, longer duration of complaints, and a different clinical presentation. Operative time was significantly longer in the
study group and had higher rates of severe postoperative complications such as postoperative bleeding, need for ICU recovery, and need for
postoperative mechanical ventilation. All diverticula were pseudo-diverticula and were significantly shorter and wider. Multivariate analysis
showed that age, length, and width of the appendix were independently associated with DDOA.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that DDOA is an independent clinical entity, showing differences in etiology, clinical presentation, and
postoperative outcome. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether the preoperative diagnosis is feasible and will change conventional
surgical management.
Small Molecule Regulators Targeting NAD+ Biosynthetic Enzymes
Authors: Cen Yana , Curry Alyson , White Dawanna 
Published: June 2021

:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key player in many metabolic pathways as an activated carrier of electrons. In addition to being the cofactor for redox re-actions, NAD+ also serves as the substrate for various enzymatic transformations such as adenylation and ADP-ribosylation. Maintaining cellular NAD+ homeostasis has been sug-gested as an effective anti-aging strategy. Given the importance of NAD+ in regulating a broad spectrum of cellular events, small molecules targeting NAD+ metabolism have been pursued as therapeutic interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and age-related diseases. In this article, small molecule regulators of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes will be reviewed. The focus will be given to the discovery and development of these mole-cules, the mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic potentials.
Revealing the Promoting Effect of Betaine on Vitamin B12 Biosynthetic
Pathway of Pseudomonas denitrificans by Using a Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Li Kun-tai , Yang Yong , Cheng Xin 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Our previous comparative metabolomics research revealed that betaine (N,N,Ntrimethylglycine,
a typically essential methyl-group donor for vitamin B12 biosynthesis) had powerful
promoting effect on the generation of vitamin B12 precursors and intermediates in vitamin B12-producing
Pseudomonas denitrificans. However, the integral effect of betaine on the vitamin B12 biosynthetic
pathway is still unclear.

Objective:
Considering the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway of P. denitrificans as a whole, this work
aimed to reveal the biological function of betaine on the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway in P. denitrificans,
which would sharpen and expand understanding of betaine as the methyl-group donor for vitamin
B12 biosynthesis.

Materials and Methods:
By using a proteomics method based on the iTRAQ technique, the present
study compared and analyzed the differential expression of proteins involved in vitamin B12 biosynthetic
pathway under 10 g/L betaine in addition to P. denitrificans fermentation medium.

Results:
The results showed that betaine could significantly up-regulate the expression of proteins related
to the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway, which was mainly reflected in the following three aspects: 1)
the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and porphobilinogen synthase that were responsible for the
formation of the committed precursors for tetrapyrrole-derived macrocycle in vitamin B12 molecule; 2)
the C-methylation-related enzymes (such as precorrin-4 C(11)-methyltransferase, precorrin-2 C(20)-
methyltransferase, precorrin-8X methylmutase, and precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase) and methionine
synthase that were crucial to the C-methylation reactions for vitamin B12 biosynthesis; 3) the latestage
key enzymes (Cobaltochelatase, and Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase) that were
related to cobalt chelation of vitamin B12 molecule.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrated clearly that betaine could significantly promote the expression
of the integral enzymes involved in the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway of P. denitrificans, thus
promoting vitamin B12 biosynthesis.
Proteasome Activator Blm10 Regulates Transcription Especially During Aging
Authors: Chen Yu-Shan , Han Xia , Lin Kui , Jiang Tian-Xia , Qiu Xiao-Bo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Histones are basic elements of the chromatin, and are critical to controlling chromatin structure and transcription. The proteasome activator PA200 promotes the acetylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of the core histones during spermatogenesis, DNA repair, transcription and cellular aging, and maintains the stability of histone marks.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore whether the yeast ortholog of PA200, Blm10, promotes degradation of the core histones during transcription and regulates transcription especially during aging.

Method:
Protein degradation assays were performed to detect the role of Blm10 in histone degradation during transcription. mRNA profiles were compared in WT and mutant BY4741 or MDY510 yeast cells by RNA-sequencing.

Results:
The core histones can be degraded by the Blm10-proteasome in the non-replicating yeast,
suggesting that Blm10 promotes the transcription-coupled degradation of the core histones. Blm10
preferentially regulates transcription in aged yeast, especially transcription of genes related to translation,
amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Mutations of Blm10 at
F2125/N2126 in its putative acetyl-lysine binding region abolished the Blm10-mediated regulation
of gene expression.

Conclusion:
Blm10 promotes degradation of the core histones during transcription and regulates transcription especially during cellular aging, further supporting the critical role of PA200 in maintaining the stability of histone marks from the evolutionary view. These results should provide meaningful insights into the mechanisms underlying aging and the related diseases.
In Silico Analysis of CCGAC and CATGTG Cis-regulatory Elements
Across Genomes Reveals their Roles in Gene Regulation under Stress
Authors: Bhadouriya Sneha Lata , Suresh Abhishek , Gupta Himanshu , Mehrotra Sandhya , Gupta Divya , Mehrotra Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Plant yield closely depends on its environment and is negatively affected by abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, heat, and cold. Analysis of the stress-inducible genes in Arabidopsis has previously shown that CCGAC and CATGTG play a crucial role in controlling the gene expression through the binding of DREB/CBF and NAC TFs under various stress conditions, mainly drought and salinity.

Methods:
The pattern of these motifs is conserved, which has been analyzed in this study to find the mechanism of gene expression through spacer specificity, inter motif distance preference, functional analysis, and statistical analysis for four different plants, namely Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max.

Results:
The spacer frequency analysis has shown a preference for particular spacer lengths among four genomes. The spacer specificity at all the spacer lengths which predicts dominance of particular base pairs over others, was analyzed to find the preference of the sequences in the flanking region. Functional analysis on stress-regulated genes for saline, osmotic, and heat stress clearly shows that these motif frequencies with inter motif distance (0-30) in the promoter region of Arabidopsis are highest in genes which are upregulated by saline and osmotic stress and downregulated by heat stress.

Conclusion:
Microarray data were analyzed to confirm the role of both motifs in stress response pathways. Transcription factors seem to prefer larger motif size with repeated CCGAC and CATGTG elements. The common preference for one spacer was further validated through Box and Whisker’s statistical analysis.
Estrogen Receptor 1 Gene rs22346939 and rs9340799 Variants are Associated with Major Depressive Disorder and its Clinical Features
Authors: Ozsoy Filiz , Nursal Ayse F. , Karakus Nevin , Demir Meral O. , Yigit Serbulent 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a major health problem worldwide. Estrogen
interacts with the central nervous system and has been shown to affect anxiety and depressive
behavior. Estrogen mediates its effects by connecting its receptors, estrogen receptors 1 and 2.
The purpose of this case-control study was to clarify the association between MDD risk and estrogen
receptor 1 (ESR1) gene variants.

Methods:
This study included 245 individuals (125 MDD patients and 120 healthy controls). Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technics
were used for genotypingESR1XbaII (rs9340799) and PvuII (rs22346939) variants.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of genotype
frequencies of the ESR1PvuII (-397 T > C) variant (p = 0.049) but not for the XbaII (-351 A > G)
variant (p > 0.05). However, a correlation was observed between MDD and ESR1XbaII variant after
male participants were excluded (p = 0.028). Also, the high pain score of MDD patients was associated
with the ESR1PvuII variant, especially in female patients (p = 0.021). According to the results
of combined genotype analysis, AA-TC combined genotype was correlated with a decreased
risk in patients with MDD compared to controls (p = 0.016), while the combined genotype of GGCC
was associated with increased risk in the patients with MDD compared to controls (p = 0.042).

Conclusion:
The two ESR1 variants were associated with MDD risk and its features in both individual
and combined forms.
Serum Levels of ARMS2, COL8A1, RAD51B, and VEGF and their Correlations in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Battu Priya , Sharma Kaushal , Rain Manjari , Singh Ramandeep , Anand Akshay 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Many factors including genetic and environmental are responsible for the
incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). However, its pathogenesis has not been
clearly elucidated yet.

Objective:
This study aimed to estimate the Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2),
Collagen type VIII Alpha 1 chain (COL8A1), Rad 51 paralog(RAD51B), and Vascular Endothelial
Growth Factor (VEGF) protein levels in serum of AMD and control participants and to further investigate
their correlation to understand AMD pathogenesis.

Methods:
For this case-control study, 31 healthy control and 57 AMD patients were recruited from
Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
A blood sample was taken and serum was isolated from it. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay) was used for the estimation of proteins in the serum of patients.

Results:
ARMS2 and COL8A1 levels were significantly elevated in the AMD group than in the
control group. The highest levels of ARMS2, COL8A1, and VEGF proteins were recorded for the
wet AMD sub-group. The study results endorsed significant positive correlation between these following
molecules; ARMS2 and COL8A1 (r = 0.933, p<0.0001), ARMS2 and RAD51B (r =
0.704, p<0.0001), ARMS2 and VEGF (r = 0.925, p<0.0001), COL8A1 and RAD51B (r = 0.736,
p<0.0001), COL8A1 and VEGF (r = 0.879, p<0.0001), and RAD51B and VEGF (r = 0.691,
p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
The ARMS2 and COL8A1 levels were significantly higher and RAD51B was significantly
lower in the AMD group than controls. Also, a significant statistical correlation was detected
between these molecules, indicating that their interaction may be involved in the pathogenesis
of AMD.
Does Dysbiosis Increase the Risk of Developing Schizophrenia? - A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Novais Filipa , Capela Joana , Machado Sergio , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Telles-Correia Diogo 
Published: June 2021

Background:
There is increasing evidence regarding the influence of the intestinal microbiota
on the disease processes of various organs and systems. Dysbiosis, that is, alteration of the
composition and function of the microbiota may constitute an important risk factor for the development
of mental disorders, namely, schizophrenia.

Objective:
This works aims to review current evidence regarding the pathological mechanisms leading
from dysbiosis to schizophrenia and in particular the deficit syndrome in schizophrenia.

Methods:
Scientific articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection
published between September 2017 and December 2020 were included in this review.

Results:
The commensal intestinal flora plays an important role in neurodevelopment. In the presence
of dysbiosis, this maturation gets disturbed, resulting in the modification of brain structures
and inflammatory responses at the intestinal, systemic, and Central Nervous System (CNS) levels.
These disturbances may be linked to the development of symptoms of the disease. The microbiota
exerts its influence on the CNS through several pathways, however, in this paper we focused on the
membrane hypothesis and the inflammatory hypothesis. We explored the evidence concerning the
use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal transplants.

Conclusion:
Although there is no consensus regarding the alterations that could constitute a risk
factor for schizophrenia, some of the species appear to be more frequently altered, and their relationship
with the host is dysregulated in patients at risk and with established schizophrenia, particularly
in deficit schizophrenia.
Lack of Association Between Recent Cannabis Use and Advanced Liver Fibrosis Among HIV-positive Heavy Drinkers
Authors: Fuster Daniel , So-Armah Kaku , Cheng Debbie M. , Coleman Sharon M. , Gnatienko Natalia , Lioznov Dmitry , Krupitsky Evgeny M. , Freiberg Matthew S. , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
This study aimed to analyze the association between any past-month cannabis use
and advanced liver fibrosis.

Background:
Cannabinoid receptors play a role in acute and chronic liver injury, but human studies addressing the impact of cannabis use on liver fibrosis have shown mixed results.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to explore and estimate the association between pastmonth
cannabis use and advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) in a cohort of Russian HIV-positive individuals
with heavy alcohol use and a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection.

Methods:
Baseline data were analyzed from participants of the ZINC study, a trial that enrolled
HIV-positive Russian patients without prior antiretroviral therapy. Cannabis use during the prior
month was assessed at study entry. ALF was defined as FIB-4>3.25 and APRI>1.5. Transient elastography
was used to detect advanced liver fibrosis among participants with FIB-4 values in the intermediate
range (between 1.45 and 3.25).

Results:
Participants (n=248) were mostly male (72.6%), young (median age of 33.9 years), infected
with HCV (87.9%), and did not have advanced immunosuppression (median CD4 count 465).
Cannabis use was uncommon (12.4%), and the prevalence of advanced liver disease was 21.7%.
The prevalence of ALF was similar among those who used cannabis compared to those who did
not (25.8% vs. 21.7%). We were unable to detect an association between cannabis use and ALF (adjusted
odds ratio: 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.53-3.12, p=0.59) in logistic regression models
adjusting for age, sex, heavy drinking, BMI, and CD4 cell count.

Conclusion:
In this exploratory study among HIV-positive heavy drinking Russians, we did not detect
an association between recent cannabis use and ALF. Larger scale studies, including more participants
with cannabis use, are needed to examine this relationship further.
Evaluation of Novel Substituted Furopyridines as Inhibitors of Protein Kinases Related to Tau Pathology in Alzheimer´s Disease
Authors: Schade N. , Koch P. , Ansideri F. , Krystof V. , Holzer M. , Hilgeroth A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive neuronal degeneration
caused by two pathological hallmarks, hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregated into tau
filaments and amyloid precursor protein derived beta amyloid peptides aggregated into extracellular
amyloid plaques. All attempts so far to find effective drugs failed in clinical trials. AD is a multifactorial
disease, so that selective drugs to target one AD-relevant structure alone may not be sufficient.

Objective:
We built novel furopyridines with various substitution patterns to evaluate them as protein
kinases inhibitors of enzymes related to tau pathology.

Methods:
Furopyridine derivatives were synthesized and purified using column chromatography.
The protein kinase inhibitory properties were determined in ATP-competition assays with determined
affinity constants for the most active compounds.

Results:
The compounds were prepared in simple two-component reactions of substituted 1,4-
dihydropyridines and respective quinones to obtain various substitutions of the molecular furopyridine
scaffold. The substituent effects on the determined kinase inhibitory properties of cdk1,
cdk2, Fyn, JNK3 and gsk-3β are discussed.

Conclusion:
Various 3-substitutions were found most sensitive for the protein kinase inhibition depending
on the length, nature and a substituent positioning within. We identified compounds as inhibitors
of several kinases as a tool to potentially combat the disease progress in a multitargeting
approach.
A Two-step Electrodeposition of Pd-Cu/Cu2O Nanocomposite on FTO Substrate for Non-enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor
Authors: Huan Ke , Tang Li , Deng Dongmei , Wang Huan , Si Xiaojing , Yan Xiaoxia , Luo Liqiang 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common reagent in the production and living,
but excessive H2O2 may enhance the danger to the human body. Consequently, it is very important
to develop economical, fast and accurate techniques for detecting H2O2.

Methods:
A simple two-step electrodeposition process was applied to synthesize Pd-Cu/Cu2O
nanocomposite for non-enzymatic H2O2 sensor. Cu/Cu2O nanomaterial was firstly electrodeposited
on FTO by potential oscillation technique, and then Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on
Cu/Cu2O nanomaterial by cyclic voltammetry. The chemical structure, component, and morphology
of the synthesized Pd-Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning
electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of
Pd-Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite were studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry.

Results:
Under optimal conditions, the as-fabricated sensor displayed a broad linear range (5-4000
μM) and low detection limit (1.8 μM) for the determination of H2O2. The proposed sensor showed
good selectivity and reproducibility. Meanwhile, the proposed sensor has been successfully applied
to detect H2O2 in milk.

Conclusion:
The Pd-Cu/Cu2O/FTO biosensor exhibits excellent electrochemical activity for H2O2
reduction, which has great potential application in the field of food safety.
A Highly Efficient Photocatalyst Based on Layered g-C3N4/SnS2 Composites
Authors: Wang Yina , Wang Le , Wang Jiwei , Du Jimin 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In this report, the layered g-C3N4/SnS2 composite was successfully fabricated
by a facile hydrothermal route.

Methods:
The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data presented that such layered g-C3N4/SnS2 catalysts
showed a remarkable visible-light absorption, hence significantly enhancing the catalytic activity.
Particularly, the g-C3N4/SnS2 catalysts showed an outstanding catalytic performance for the degradation
of methylene blue (~ 98.1%) under visible light irradiation that is much better than that of pure
SnS2 (~ 86.7%) and pure g-C3N4 (~ 67.3%).

Results:
The remarkable photocatalytic performance is ascribed to its layer structure resulting in a
large surface area, which not only improves the ion transfer rate but also provides abundant surface
reaction sites.

Conclusion:
Our work demonstrates that the layered g-C3N4/SnS2 can be considered as an exceptional
candidate for a highly-efficient photocatalyst.