bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expressway Traffic Accidents Involving Human Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia: Negative Binomial Regression Model
Authors: Mustefa Yesuf Abdela , Belayhun Addis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Road traffic accident is a major public health as well as economic challenge that rated the eighth leading cause of death. The severity became higher in developing countries. Ethiopian is among the most confronted countries in the world. We utilized the Ethiopian Toll Roads Enterprise data to provide insights and model significant determinants of accidents involving injuries and fatalities. Besides utilizing recent dataset, we applied the most appropriate but forwent statistical model. Moreover, we examined the significance of the effects of drivers’ age and gender that have not been the cases in the literatures.Methods: We made descriptive insights available on the basis of graphs from integrated traffic accident and flow datasets. We tested for the presence of over-dispersion in a total of 1824 observations of accident data recorded from September, 2014 to December, 2019 for inferential analysis. Finally, we modeled the effects of significant variables on the number of injuries using the negative binomial regression model. Results: we found that the number of injuries in accidents were significantly determined by type of vehicles, ownership status of vehicles, accident time weather condition, driver-vehicle relationship, drivers’ level of education, and drivers’ age.Conclusions: Heavy trucks were more likely to cause more number of injuries than medium or small vehicles. Hot and windy weather conditions were associated with higher probability of the number of injuries. The likelihood of the number of injuries were lower when drivers are owner of the vehicle; drivers level of education is above secondary school; and the age of the driver is between 18 and 23 years old. Moreover, due concern needs to be given for traffic road rules.
The Efficacy of Strokectomy in the Treatment of Malignant Cerebral Infarction Patients
Authors: Li Ning , He Chunmei , Li Wei , Zhang Liu , Li Yehai , Feng Yongjian , Ding Weilong , Guan Min , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Shiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionStrokectomy refers to the resection of infarct brain tissue. Used alone, in combination with decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), or as a remedial surgery to DHC for malignant cerebral infarction (MCI) patients, strokectomy has reduced mortality rates and improved functional outcomes of patients with MCI. However, the role of strokectomy in the treatment of MCI patients is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the efficacy of strokectomy in MCI treatment in order to explore its beneficial effects on improving patient outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out between January 2017 and September 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital in Guangzhou, China. We reviewed patients with MCI who underwent DHC with or without strokectomy. We collected and analyzed the following data for all patients: demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, observational data in the intensive care unit (ICU), post-surgery intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, midline shift before and after surgery, and functional outcomes measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months.ResultsWe recruited 95 patients (53 men; mean age, 59.71 ± 10.65 years; age range, 38 - 78 years). After surgery, patients who received DHC and strokectomy were associated with a lower ICP curve; decreased midline shift; and less mannitol, hypothermia, and hypertonic saline therapies than those who received DHC alone. No patient in the DHC+strokectomy group had malignant high ICP or needed remedial surgery; in contrast, 16 patients in the DHC group had malignant high ICP after DHC, and remedial surgery was recommended. Five patients received remedial surgery and survived, while the 11 who refused remedial surgery died. The mortality rate during ICU stay was 19.4% in the DHC group and 7.1% in the DHC+strokectomy group. While the rate of poor outcomes and mortality was significantly different between the two groups at 6 months after surgery, good outcomes did not differ significantly.Conclusions Strokectomy performed in combination with DHC can effectively decrease post-surgery ICP, reduce midline shift, and reduce mortality during the six months following surgery. Moreover, strokectomy performed as a remedial surgery could decrease malignant high ICP after DHC and reduce mortality.
Radular Force Performance of Stylommatophoran Gastropods (Mollusca) with Distinct Body Masses Reflect Diverging Feeding Patterns
Authors: KRINGS WENCKE , NEUMANN CHARLOTTE , NEIBER MARCO T. , KOVALEV ALEXANDER , GORB STANISLAV 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The forces exerted by the animal’s food processing structures are important parameters in studying trophic specializations to specific food spectra. Even though molluscs represent the second largest animal phylum, exhibiting an incredible biodiversity accompanied by the establishment of distinct ecological niches including the foraging on a variety of ingesta types, only few studies have been previously focused on the biomechanical performance of their feeding organs. To lay a keystone for future research in this direction, we investigated the in vivo forces exerted by the molluscan food gathering and processing structure, the radula, for five stylommatophoran species (Gastropoda). Radular forces were measured along two axes using force transducers which allowed us to correlate forces with the distinct phases of radular motion. The chosen species and individuals represent different body mass classes enabling the correction of forces measured for body mass. A radular force quotient, AFQ = force/bodymass0.67, of 4.3 could be determined which can be used further for the prediction of forces generated in Gastropoda. Additionally, some specimens were dissected and the radular musculature mass as well as the radular mass and dimensions were documented. Our results clearly depict the positive correlation between body mass, radular musculature mass, and exerted force. Additionally, it was clearly observed that the radular motion phases, exerting the highest forces during feeding, changed with regard to the ingesta size: all smaller gastropods rather approached the food by a horizontal, sawing-like radular motion leading to the consumption of rather small food particles, whereas larger gastropods rather pulled the ingesta in vertical direction by radula and jaw resulting in the tearing of larger pieces.
Studying Relationships Tetrahydrocannabinol Consumption and Psychosocial Variables in a Campus: Potential Contributions to Policy Design.&nbsp;Why the Exponential Increase in Psychotropics?
Authors: Marulanda Flor Ángela Tobón , Giraldo Luis Alirio López , Arroyave Cristian David Londoño 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: For public health fields, it is fundamental to understand the exponential the reasons behind the consumption increase in 9-Delta-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other psychotropics. Estimate relationships between THC consumption and psychosocial variables (PSVs) among students and professors at a Colombian university.Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study was developed between 2016 and 2018 with a total of 160 university students and 60 professors from a Colombian public university of one pharmaceutical chemistry program. Using an instrument based on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) survey designed by Kovacs (1977), participants were surveyed directly, voluntarily, and anonymously about marijuana use and different psychosocial variables of everyday life. Correlation of variables was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24, 2016. In each variable, risk factors were analysed using "Chi-square" and "Odds Ratio". Results: The findings show a significant relationship between THC consumption and PSVs in the students or the professors (S/P) group (59.8%): first time THC consumption (83%), low self-esteem (66.7%), decrease/loss of executive function (55.6%), no family support (55.6%), and no family communication (72.2%). These groups presented a relationship between risk and consumption of THC, which induces to neuro-psychosocial disorders.Conclusion: THC consumption and PSVs are prevalent in the S/P group, thus inducing a neuro-cognitive disorder. Although consumption increases exponentially at an alarmingly early age and national regulations are poor, there exists an unpredictable multidimensional impact., more scientific research is needed with a serious focus, political will, and integrative intersectorial educational interventions. Also, there is little knowledge on the potential effects of Δ9-THC in university student and professor populations. The Δ9-THC cannabinoids may have therapeutic and adverse effects, which bears interest for public health.
Attitudes Toward Own Aging and Cognition among Individuals Living with and without Dementia: Findings from the IDEAL Programme and the PROTECT Study
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Martyr Anthony , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ballard Clive , Collins Rachel , Pentecost Claire , Rusted Jennifer M , Quinn Catherine , Anstey Kaarin J , Kim Sarang , Corbett Anne , Brooker Helen , Clare Linda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether people with dementia (PwD) have more negative attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) than people without dementia and what factors influence ATOA among PwD. We investigated whether PwD have more negative ATOA than individuals without dementia and whether cognition and dementia subtype are associated with ATOA in PwD.Methods: Data from the IDEAL and PROTECT studies were used to compare ATOA between 1,502 PwD (mean (SD) age = 76.3 (8.5)) and 6,377 individuals without dementia (mean (SD) age = 66.1 (7.1)). Linear regressions and ANOVA were used.Results: PwD reported slightly more negative ATOA than people without dementia; this relationship disappeared after controlling for depression and self-rated health. In PwD more positive ATOA showed negligible associations with better general cognition, memory performance, verbal fluency, and visuospatial ability. However, after adjusting for covariates only better visuospatial ability predicted more positive ATOA. Additional analyses showed that before and after controlling for covariates, individuals with poorer self-reported visual acuity have more negative ATOA. Amongst dementia subtypes, people with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies reported most negative ATOA. Conclusions: ATOA between PwD and people without dementia do not differ. ATOA in PwD appear to be affected not by cognitive impairment but by other characteristics that vary across dementia subtypes. Among PwD, those with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies may have higher risk of experiencing negative ATOA due to the motor and visual impairments that they experience.
Barriers of Linkage to Hepatitis C Care and Treatment among People who Inject Drugs in Georgia
Authors: Butsashvili Maia , Abzianidze Tinatin , Kamkamidze George , Gulbiani Lasha , Gvinjilia Lia , Kuchuloria Tinatin , Tskhomelidze Irina , Gogia Maka , Tsereteli Maia , Miollany Veronique , Kikvidze Tamar , Shadaker Shaun , Nasrullah Muazzam , Averhoff Francisco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) in Georgia have a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV). Access to care among PWID could be prioritized to meet the country’s hepatitis C elimination goals. This study assesses barriers of linkage to hepatitis C care among PWID in Georgia. Methods Study participants were enrolled from 13 harm reduction centers throughout Georgia. Anti-HCV positive PWID who were tested for viremia (linked to care [LC]), were compared to those not tested for viremia within 90 days of screening anti-HCV positive (not linked to care [NLC]). Participants were interviewed about potential barriers to seeking care. Results A total of 500 PWID were enrolled, 245 LC and 255 NLC. LC and NLC were similar with respect to gender, age, employment status, education, knowledge of anti-HCV status, and confidence/trust in the elimination program (p>0.05). More NLC (13.0%) than LC (7.4%) stated they were not sufficiently informed what to do after screening anti-HCV positive (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, linkage to care was associated with perceived affordability of the elimination program (adjusted prevalence ratio=8.53; 95% confidence interval: 4.14-17.62).ConclusionPost testing counselling and making hepatitis C services affordable could help increase linkage to care among PWID in Georgia.
Crosstalk between PIM and LKB1 kinases regulates AMPK phosphorylation and tumorigenic growth
Authors: Mung Kwan Long , Eccleshall William , Santio Niina M , Rivero-Müller Adolfo , Koskinen Päivi J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The oncogenic PIM kinases and the tumor-suppressive LKB1 kinase have both been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism, albeit in opposite directions. Here we investigated whether these kinases interact with each other to influence AMPK phosphorylation and tumorigenic growth of prostate and breast cancer cells.
Methods

We first determined how PIM and LKB1 kinases affect AMPK phosphorylation levels. We then used in vitro kinase assays to demonstrate that LKB1 is phosphorylated by PIM kinases, and site-directed mutagenesis to identify the PIM target sites in LKB1. The cellular functions of PIM and LKB1 kinases were evaluated using either pan-PIM inhibitors or CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing, with which all three PIM family members and/or LKB1 were knocked out from PC3 prostate and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. In addition to cell proliferation assays, we examined the effects of PIM and/or LKB1 loss on tumor growth using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model.
Results

We provide both genetic and pharmacological evidence to demonstrate that inhibition of PIM expression or activity increases phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 in both PC3 and MCF7 cells, but not in their derivatives lacking LKB1. This is explained by our observation that all three PIM family kinases can phosphorylate LKB1 at Ser334. Wild-type LKB1, but not its phosphodeficient derivative, can restore PIM inhibitor-induced AMPK phosphorylation in LKB1 knock-out cells. In the CAM model, loss of LKB1 enhances tumorigenicity of PC3 xenografts, while cells lacking both LKB1 and PIMs exhibit slower proliferation rates and form smaller tumors.
Conclusion

PIM kinases are novel negative regulators of LKB1 that affect AMPK phosphorylation in an LKB1-dependent fashion. The impairment of cell proliferation and tumor growth in cells lacking both LKB1 and PIMs indicates that there is significant crosstalk between the signaling pathways regulated by these kinases in the context of cancer. These data also suggest that PIM inhibitors may be a rational therapeutic option to restrict growth of LKB1-deficient tumors.
Comparison of three ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation methods performed by anaesthesia residents: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cao Yingli , Su Jingxin , Fan Hang , Kang Kang , Zhang Jiaqiang , Cui Mingzhu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo compare the short-axis/out-of-plane (SAX), long-axis/in-plane (LAX) and oblique-axis/out-of-plane (OAX) approaches for radial artery catheterization performed by anaesthesia residents with limited experience.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen adult patients were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring continuous arterial pressure monitoring. They were randomized to the SAX, LAX and OAX groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. Thirty-three anaesthesia residents performed the cannulation procedures. The operators received an explanation of the theoretical anatomy of the radial artery and the operating process of three approaches for ultrasound-guided cannulation of the radial artery and practised artery cannulation on a model of radial artery cannulation. The primary outcome was the success rate of cannulation, and the secondary outcomes included the first-attempt success rate in the model and patients, the imaging time, blood return time, cannulation time, total time and incidence of adverse events.ResultsThe success rate of radial artery cannulation in the SAX group was significantly higher than that in the LAX group (71.4% vs 49.2%; P=0.009) and was clinically meaningfully higher than that in the OAX group (71.4% vs 61.7%; P=0.229). The total time was shorter in the SAX group than in the LAX and OAX groups: 51 (59) s vs 113 (66) s vs 86 (61) s; P=0.000. The first-attempt success rate for the model did not differ among the three groups. In the patients, the first-attempt success rate in the SAX group was significantly higher than those in both the LAX and OAX groups (69.7% vs 24.2% vs 6.1%; P=0.000).ConclusionAnaesthesia residents can achieve a higher success rate, higher satisfaction rate and shorter procedure time by using the SAX approach than by using the LAX and OAX approaches for radial artery catheterization.Trial registrrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR200030416. Registered 1 March 2020,http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=50193&htm=4
The Role of Radiotherapy Fractionation And Volume In Patients With Early Breast Cancer After Conserving Surgery: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis&nbsp;
Authors: Chen Xian , Yang Tong-Xin , Xia Yao-Xiong , Shen Qi , Hou Yu , Wang Li , Li Lan , Chang Li , LI Wen-Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background：Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) can achieve the same treatment effect as conventional fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) within limits , without increasing adverse reactions. Because of its characteristics of reducing the number of radiation therapy (RT) during the COVID-19 Pandemic, it is recommended as the first choice of treatment for patients with early breast cancer after breast conserving surgery. However, the choice of RT is still under exploration. Here, we conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the problem comprehensively using data from new randomized trials. Methods: We analyzed data from eligible studies for published events for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), distant metastasis, total deaths, and non-breast cancer-related deaths. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed-effects or random-effects model in cases of low and high heterogeneity, respectively. Network meta-analysis was conducted using a node-splitting model for two-category data among three RTs based on a Bayesian approach.Results: 16 studies with 23,418 patients were included. For IBTR, pairwise comparison showed that CF-WBI was significantly better than PBI, and HF-WBI was similar to CF-WBI. HF-WBI was superior to PBI, but the difference was not significant. However, indirect comparison of three RTs by network meta-analysis showed that HF-WBI was significantly better than PBI (OR=0.67, CI95%: 0.46–0.95). Paired and network meta-analyses found no significant differences in other endpoints among three radiotherapies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated PBI was associated with increased IBTR compared with HF-WBI or CF-WBI in early-stage breast cancer patients.
A Machine Learning Model for Accurate Prediction of Sepsis in ICU Patients in China
Authors: Wang Dong , Li JinBo , Sun Yali , Ding Xianfei , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liu Shaohua , Han Bing , Wang Haixu , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Tongwen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although numerous studies are conducted every year on how to reduce the fatality rate associated with sepsis, it is still a major challenge faced by patients, clinicians, and medical systems worldwide. Early identification and prediction of patients at risk of sepsis and adverse outcomes associated with sepsis are critical. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm that can predict sepsis early.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study from the Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 4449 infected patients were randomly assigned to the development and validation data set at a ratio of 4:1. After extracting electronic medical record data, a set of 55 features (variables) was calculated and passed to the random forest algorithm to predict the onset of sepsis.Results: The pre-procedure clinical variables were used to build a prediction model from the training data set using the random forest machine learning method; a 5-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. Finally, we tested the model using the validation data set. The area obtained by the model under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.91, the sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 89%.Conclusions: The newly established model can accurately predict the onset of sepsis in ICU patients in clinical settings as early as possible. Prospective studies are necessary to determine the clinical utility of the proposed sepsis prediction model.
Effect of Preoperative oral Carbohydrate on Intestinal Flora in Patients with Multiple Trauma
Authors: Wu Ruo , Liang Guiwen , Liu Yanfang , Mao Guomin , huang zhongwei , Qi Lei , Jiang Haiyan , Wang Yue , Ren Yuting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the advanced and safety of the concept of ERAS( enhanced recovery after surgery) have been certified by many scholars internationally. One of its core concepts, preoperative oral carbohydrate, has been confirmed by many studies to play an important role in improving patients' comfort and postoperative insulin resistance. In the previous experiment conducted by our team to explore the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative insulin resistance in patients with multiple trauma, we also found that the postoperative intestinal function of patients in the preoperative oral carbohydrate group recovered faster. A few scholars have reached the same conclusion before, but there has been no further discussion on this phenomenon from the perspective of intestinal flora. Therefore, we aim to further explore the role and advantages of preoperative oral carbohydrate through intestinal flora.Methods: A total of 43 multiple trauma patients scheduled for elective surgery were included in the study. They were randomly divided into Cho group (n = 23) and Normal group (n = 20). The patients in CHO group were given 400ml carbohydrates 3 hours before the operation, and the patients in Normal group were forbidden to drink anything 2 hours before the operation. The subjective comfort, the first anal exhaust time and defecation time after operation of the two groups were scored, the last fecal intake before the operation and the first fecal intake after operation were taken for 16SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Result: Compared with the Normal group, the subjective comfort of CHO group was improved, the first anal exhaust time and defecation time were advanced, and the length of stay was shortened(all p<0.01). By 16SrRNA gene amplicon analysis, preoperative oral carbohydrates regulated the intestinal microflora of patients with multiple trauma. In the first postoperative feces of CHO group, the Megasphaera_elsdenil played a significant role.Conclusion: Preoperative oral carbohydrates can cause changes of intestinal flora in patients with multiple trauma, to protect intestinal function and accelerate postoperative recovery. Regulating the relative abundance of Megasphaera_elsdenii and Prevotella may be another way to improve intestinal function and reduce insulin resistance in patients with multiple trauma. the Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR1900021971 03/18/2019