bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive trade-offs of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis under different thermal and haline regimes
Authors: Souissi Anissa , Hwang Jiang-Shiou , Souissi Sami 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCopepod females invest a quantity of resources in their reproduction. Depending on several biotic and abiotic factors and their evolutionary history a trade-off can be commonly observed between producing a large number of smaller offspring or a small number of larger offspring. In this study, a multi-generational approach was applied to determine whether a trade-off between clutch size and egg size existed in the copepod Eurytemora affinis under different controlled conditions of temperature and salinity. This protocol was based on the follow-up of reproductive (Clutch Size ‘CS’, Egg Diameter ‘ED’) and morphological (Prosome Length ‘PL’) traits during several generations. Copepods were acclimated to cold (7 °C) and warm (20 °C) temperatures, and then their reproductive output was tested at the higher temperature of 24 °C. CS and ED were positively correlated to PL, so as a first step linear regressions between each reproductive trait and female PL were performed. The residuals from the regression lines of CS and ED with PL were calculated to remove the effect of female size. When the normalized data (residuals) of CS and ED plotted together a negative relationship between egg size and egg number revealed the existence of a trade-off. Copepod populations initially acclimated to cold temperature are commonly characterized by relatively smaller CS and larger ED. Conversely, warm temperature adapted females produced relatively larger CS and smaller ED. After transfer to a temperature of 24 °C, the ED did not change but the CS showed high variability indicating stressful conditions and no trade-off was observed. These observations suggest that E. affinis is able to modulate its reproduction depending on the encountered temperature. It seems that this copepod species can shift between a K- and an r-strategy in response to colder or warmer conditions. In a late winter-early spring like cold temperature, copepod females seem to invest more on offspring quality by producing relatively larger eggs. This ecological strategy ensures a high recruitment of the spring generation that is responsible for the strength of the maximum population size usually observed in late spring-early summer (May–June). To the contrary, at summer-like temperature, where the population density decreases significantly in the Seine estuary, copepod females seem to switch from K to r strategy by favoring offspring number compared to offspring size. Finally, the use of a higher temperature of 24 °C seems to disrupt the observed reproductive trade-off even after several generations. These results suggest that a switching between K- or r-strategy of E. affinis depends highly on temperature effects. The effect of salinity increase during a summer-like temperature of 20 °C as well as after transfer to 24 °C decreased PL and CS but the ED did not change significantly.
HPA axis dysregulation is associated with differential methylation of CpG-sites in related genes
Authors: Chatzittofis Andreas , Boström Adrian Desai E. , Ciuculete Diana M. , Öberg Katarina Görts , Arver Stefan , Schiöth Helgi B. , Jokinen Jussi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDNA methylation shifts in Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis related genes is reported in psychiatric disorders including hypersexual disorder. This study, comprising 20 dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppressors and 73 controls, examined the association between the HPA axis dysregulation, shifts in DNA methylation of HPA axis related genes and importantly, gene expression. Individuals with cortisol level ≥ 138 nmol/l, after the low dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were classified as non-suppressors. Genome-wide methylation pattern, measured in whole blood using the EPIC BeadChip, investigated CpG sites located within 2000 bp of the transcriptional start site of key HPA axis genes, i.e.:CRH,CRHBP,CRHR-1,CRHR-2,FKBP5andNR3C1. Regression models including DNA methylation M-values and the binary outcome (DST non-suppression status) were performed. Gene transcripts with an abundance of differentially methylated CpG sites were identified with binomial tests. Pearson correlations and robust linear regressions were performed between CpG methylation and gene expression in two independent cohorts. Six of 76 CpG sites were significantly hypermethylated in DST non-suppressors (nominalP < 0.05), associated with genesCRH,CRHR1,CRHR2,FKBP5andNR3C1.NR3C1transcript AJ877169 showed statistically significant abundance of probes differentially methylated by DST non-suppression status and correlated with DST cortisol levels. Further, methylation levels of cg07733851 and cg27122725 were positively correlated with gene expression levels of the NR3C1 gene. Methylation levels of cg08636224 (FKBP5)correlated with baseline cortisol and gene expression. Our findings revealed that DNA methylation shifts are involved in the altered mechanism of the HPA axis suggesting that new epigenetic targets should be considered behind psychiatric disorders.
Risk factors for intraoperative endplate injury during minimally-invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Kim Young-Hoon , Ha Kee-Yong , Kim Ki-Tack , Chang Dong-Gune , Park Hyung-Youl , Yoon Eun-Ji , Kim Sang-Il 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), unintended intraoperative endplate injury (IEPI) can occur and thereafter lead cage subsidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of IEPI during LLIF, and its predisposing factors. A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients (n = 186; mean age, 70.0 ± 7.6 years) who underwent LLIF at 372 levels. Patient’s demographic and surgical data were compared between patients with and without IEPI. Also, the radiographic data of each level were compared between intact and IEPI segments. IEPI was identified at 76 levels (20.4%) in 65 patients. The incidences of IEPI at every 100 consecutive segments were not different. When 372 segments were analyzed independently, sagittal disc angle (DA) in the extended position (4.3° ± 3.6° at IEPI segments vs. 6.4° ± 4.0° at intact segments), the difference between sagittal DA in the extended position and cage angle (− 2.2° ± 4.0° vs. 0.0° ± 3.9°), and the difference between preoperative disc height and cage height (− 5.4 mm ± 2.4 mm vs. − 4.7 mm ± 2.0 mm) were different significantly. Also, endplate sclerosis was more common at intact segments than IEPI segments (33.2% vs. 17.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR] 0.160; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.036–0.704), endplate sclerosis (OR 3.307; 95% CI 1.450–8.480), and sagittal DA in the extended position (OR 0.674; 95% CI 0.541–0.840) were significant associated factors for IEPI. IEPI was correlated not with surgeon’s experience, but with patient factors, such as sex, preoperative disc angle, and endplate sclerosis. Careful surgical procedures should be employed for patients with these predisposing factors.
Defining the kinetic effects of infection with influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) on sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in mice by targeted LC/MS
Authors: Gowda Divyavani , Ohno Marumi , B. Gowda Siddabasave Gowda , Chiba Hitoshi , Shingai Masashi , Kida Hiroshi , Hui Shu-Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfluenza remains a world-wide health concern, causing 290,000–600,000 deaths and up to 5 million cases of severe illnesses annually. Noticing the host factors that control biological responses, such as inflammatory cytokine secretion, to influenza virus infection is important for the development of novel drugs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite and has essential biological functions in inflammation. However, the kinetic effects of influenza virus infection on physiological S1P levels and their signaling in multiple tissues remain unknown. In this study, we utilized a mouse model intranasally infected with 50 or 500 plaque forming units (PFU) of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1; PR8) virus to investigate how S1P levels and expression of its regulating factors are affected by influenza virus infection by the liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry and real-time PCR, respectively. The S1P level was significantly high in the plasma of mice infected with 500 PFU of the virus than that in control mice at 6 day-post-infection (dpi). Elevated gene expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1), an S1P synthase, was observed in the liver, lung, white adipose tissue, heart, and aorta of infected mice. This could be responsible for the increased plasma S1P levels as well as the decrease in the hepatic S1P lyase (Sgpl1) gene in the infected mice. These results indicate modulation of S1P-signaling by influenza virus infection. Since S1P regulates inflammation and leukocyte migration, it must be worth trying to target this signaling to control influenza-associated symptoms.
Reproductive behaviour in free-ranging crested porcupine Hystrix cristata L., 1758
Authors: Coppola Francesca , Felicioli Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious data on crested porcupine reproduction biology were mostly collected in captivity or semi-captivity due to its elusive, burrowing and mainly nocturnal habits. Between 2017 and 2019 the reproductive behaviour (i.e., intrapair mounting and copulation, birth and parental care) of free-ranging crested porcupine was documented and described. Nightly rhythms of single and multiple mounting occurred throughout the year while only two copulation events were recorded. Three months after both copulation events, the birth of porcupettes (porcupine < 5 kg) was recorded. A stochastic phase characterized by an articulate courtship with distinct behavioural patterns always preceded each mounting event. After the stochastic phase, the presenting of the female evoked by Nose-Quill contact behaviour, occurred in 83.8% (n = 182) of mounting events, while in 16.1% (n = 35) a spontaneous presenting of the female occurred. The average duration of copulation lasted 24 s (SD = 7 s) with 17 thrusting (SD = 5.5 thrusting). Births of porcupettes occurred throughout the year from 1 to 3 times per pair per year and the litter size observed ranged from 1 to 2 porcupettes. The first emerging of porcupettes from burrow occurred at 10–15 days after birth. Parents and sub-adults of the family actively perform parental care and the permanence of sub-adults within the family (i.e., from birth to dispersal) resulted to be at least 1 year. This investigation provides new useful insights on porcupine reproductive behaviour in the wild. Such new knowledge may be useful to the management of porcupines in wild, semiwild and captive condition as well as to delineate the key habitat desiderata of this rodent.
Impacts of Diabetes, Aging, and Hearing Loss on Speech-on-Speech Masking and Spatial Release in a Large Veteran Cohort
Authors: Theodoroff Sarah M. , Gallun Frederick J. , McMillan Garnett P. , Molis Michelle , Srinivasan Nirmal , Gordon Jane , McDermott Daniel , Konrad-Martin Dawn 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with impaired hearing. However, the evidence is less clear if DM2 can lead to difficulty understanding speech in complex acoustic environments, independently of age and hearing loss effects. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of DM2-related effects on speech understanding in the presence of competing speech after adjusting for age and hearing.

Method:

A cross-sectional study design was used to investigate the relationship between DM2 and speech understanding in 190 Veterans (
M
age
= 47 years, range: 25–76). Participants were classified as having no diabetes (
n
= 74), prediabetes (
n
= 19), or DM2 that was well controlled (
n
= 24) or poorly controlled (
n
= 73). A test of spatial release from masking (SRM) was presented in a virtual acoustical simulation over insert earphones with multiple talkers using sentences from the coordinate response measure corpus to determine the target-to-masker ratio (TMR) required for 50% correct identification of target speech. A linear mixed model of the TMR results was used to estimate SRM and separate effects of diabetes group, age, and low-frequency pure-tone average (PTA-low) and high-frequency pure-tone average. A separate model estimated the effects of DM2 on PTA-low.

Results:
After adjusting for hearing and age, diabetes-related effects remained among those whose DM2 was well controlled, showing an SRM loss of approximately 0.5 dB. Results also showed effects of hearing loss and age, consistent with the literature on people without DM2. Low-frequency hearing loss was greater among those with DM2.

Conclusions:
In a large cohort of Veterans, low-frequency hearing loss and older age negatively impact speech understanding. Compared with nondiabetics, individuals with controlled DM2 have additional auditory deficits beyond those associated with hearing loss or aging. These results provide a potential explanation for why individuals who have diabetes and/or are older often report difficulty understanding speech in real-world listening environments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16746475
Tagesmüdigkeit
Authors: Stern Apothekerin Cornelia , Peters Bianca , Houben Martina , Von Löwensprung Natalie Rosenhauer 
Published: October 2021

SummaryVier Experten stellen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten bei Tagesmüdigkeit mithilfe von Spagyrik, Akupressur, Phytotherapie und Aromatherapie vor.
Luft nach oben
Authors: Noschinski Dirk-Rüdiger 
Published: October 2021

SummaryDie Volkskrankheit COPD wird hauptsächlich durch Rauchen, aber auch Luftschadstoffe und Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel verursacht und zeigt sich in Studien immer stärker als eine durch immunologische Sensibilisierung ausgelöste Autoimmunerkrankung. Zu den bewährten und im Artikel beschriebenen osteopathischen Mobilisationstechniken zählen Psoas-Release, Leberpumpe, Mobilisation des Zwerchfells und der 1. Rippe, Kompression des Sternums und Scapula-Release. In Kombination mit anderen Verfahren kann die Osteopathie durch Lösung von Blockaden und Adhäsionen wesentlich zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität beitragen.
Orale Antikoagulation bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern
Authors: La Rosée Karl , Klingenheben Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit angeborenen Herzfehlern weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten
thrombembolischer Ereignisse auf. Je nach zugrunde liegender Anatomie/operativer Korrektur ist
dieses Risiko jedoch individuell sehr unterschiedlich und lässt sich weder hinsichtlich
Embolierisiko noch hinsichtlich Blutungsrisiko durch die gängigen Risikoscores (z. B.
CHA2DS2-VASc oder HAS-BLED) verlässlich abbilden. Neben der Frage der
Indikationsstellung zur oralen Antikoagulation ist die Frage nach der Möglichkeit des
Einsatzes neuer oraler Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) anstelle der Standardtherapie mit
Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) eine immer drängendere, sofern kein mechanischer Klappenersatz
und keine schwergradige Mitralstenose vorliegt. Bei atrialen Arrhythmien/Vorhofflimmern können
nach momentaner Datenlage Patienten mit als „leicht“ klassifizierbaren Vitien mit NOAK
behandelt werden, während Patienten mit mittelgradigen oder schweren/komplexen Herzfehlern
eher mit VKA behandelt werden sollten.
Vaginales Mikrobiom und Darmmikrobiom – ein Crosstalk
Authors: Mendling Werner 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Vagina der gesunden prämenopausalen Frau wurden bisher 561 verschiedene Bakterien-Arten identifiziert, darunter > 30 von 261 bekannten Laktobazillus-Arten, von denen Lactobacillus (L.) crispatus, L. gasseri, L. jensenii und L. iners signifikant unterschiedlich je nach Ethnie und Individuum diverse Communitiy State Types (CST) mit unterschiedlichen pH-Werten dominieren. Die häufigsten Bakterien sind von den Stämmen (Phyla) Firmicutes (z. B. Lactobacillus oder Streptococcus), Proteobacteria (z. B. Escherichia oder Pseudomonas), Actinobacteria (z. B. Bifidobacterium) und Bacteroidetes, (z. B. Prevotella oder Bacteroides). Die wichtigsten Gattungen sind neben Laktobazillen Gardnerella (mit 4 Arten und 13 Subspezies), Atopobium, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Gemella, Dialister, Snethia, Megasphera, Mobiluncus, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma u. a. In etwa 70 % werden auch Candida (C.)-Arten, meist C. albicans, gefunden. Tampons beeinflussen die vaginale Mikrobiota nicht wesentlich. Das menstruelle Toxic-Schock-Syndrom kommt mit und ohne Tampons und auch bei Menstruationstassen vor.Im Rektosigmoid sind > 90 % Firmicutes und Bacteroidetes, von denen neben Laktobazillen viele Gattungen und Arten in Vagina und Rektum gemeinsam vorkommen können. Im Darm bilden diese Bakterien je nach (u. a.) „Lifestyle“ kurzkettige Fettsäuren, die elementare Bedeutung für die Eubiose, Hemmung von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen und die Gesundheit haben.Die praktische und empfohlene Diagnostik gynäkologischer Infektionen und der sexuell übertragbaren Dysbiose Bakterielle Vaginose (BV) ist nicht die bakteriologische Kultur, sondern das Nativpräparat aus dem Fluor mit 400-facher Phasenkontrastmikroskopie. Die „klassischen“ sexuell übertragbaren Genitalinfektionen können heute mit Nuklearamplifikations-Techniken nicht-kulturell identifiziert werden. Die BV kann auch mit solchen Techniken anhand typischer Konstellationen von bestimmten Laktobazillen und typischen Anaerobiern zueinander diagnostiziert werden. Der häufige kulturelle Nachweis von z. B. G. vaginalis, Kolibakterien, Ureaplasmen, B-Streptokokken usw. ist klinisch ohne Wert und sollte unterlassen werden.
Sportmedizinische Aspekte bei EMAH-Patienten
Authors: Hock Julia , Hager Alfred 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Patienten mit angeborenem Herzfehler erreichen das Erwachsenenalter. Neben der
allgemeinen medizinischen Untersuchung (Elektrokardiogramm, Echokardiografie, Laborparameter
etc.) findet auch die Funktionsdiagnostik immer mehr an Bedeutung. Zu dieser zählen sowohl die
Lungenfunktion (Spirometrie, Bodyplethysmografie) als auch die Bestimmung der
Leistungsfähigkeit (6-Minuten-Gehtest, Spiroergometrie). Wann jedoch eine solche Untersuchung
sinnvoll ist, scheint oftmals unklar. Dieser Artikel soll sowohl das standardisierte Vorgehen
dieser Untersuchungen aufzeigen als auch die Vor- und Nachteile unterschiedlicher
Untersuchungen je nach Fragestellung aufzeigen.Wichtig hierbei ist, dass eine vollständige sportmedizinische Untersuchung bei Patienten
mit angeborenem Herzfehler immer zusammen mit einer kardiologischen Untersuchung stattfinden
muss. Nur dann kann eine sichere Untersuchung durch das geschulte Personal gewährleistet
werden.
Mandibular Fractures: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Panesar Kanvar , Susarla Srinivas M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurate evaluation, diagnosis, and management of mandibular fractures is essential to effectively restore an individual's facial esthetics and function. Understanding of surgical anatomy, fracture fixation principles, and the nuances of specific fractures with respect to various patient populations can aid in adequately avoiding complications such as malocclusion, non-union, paresthesia, and revision procedures. This article reviews comprehensive mandibular fracture assessment, mandibular surgical anatomy, fracture fixation principles, management considerations, and commonly encountered complications. In addition, this article reviews emerging literature examining 3-dimensional printing and intraoperative imaging.
Ultrahigh-speed multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy using scanning elliptical focal spot
Authors: Kizawa Shun , Hashimoto Mamoru 
Published: October 2021

We present a beam-scanning multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy system using parallel excitation and parallel detection schemes based on an elliptical focal spot, which enables highly efficient signal acquisition even for short exposures. The elliptical focal spot was used to simultaneously observe the CARS signals of an enlarged region and reduce the peak irradiance. The developed system realized an acquisition rate of 34 139 spectra/s and enabled ultrahigh-speed acquisition of a vibrational spectroscopic image, covering the fingerprint region of 930–1 830 cm−1 with 256(x) × 256(y) × 512(spectrum) pixels in 1.92 s or with 128(x) × 128(y) × 256(spectrum) pixels in 0.54 s. We demonstrated ultrahigh-speed hyperspectral imaging of a mixture of polymer beads in liquid linoleic acid and living adipocytes using the developed system. All of the present demonstrations were performed with a low-peak irradiance excitation of ∼19 GW/cm2, which has been reported in previous studies to cause less photodamage to living cells. The label-free and ultrahigh-speed identification and visualization of various molecules made possible by the present system will accelerate the development of practical live-cell investigation.
Super-resolved Raman microscopy using random structured light illumination: Concept and feasibility
Authors: Lee Hongki , Yoo Hajun , Moon Gwiyeong , Toh Kar-Ann , Mochizuki Kentaro , Fujita Katsumasa , Kim Donghyun 
Published: October 2021

In this article, we report the use of randomly structured light illumination for chemical imaging of molecular distribution based on Raman microscopy with improved image resolution. Random structured basis images generated from temporal and spectral characteristics of the measured Raman signatures were superposed to perform structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with the blind-SIM algorithm. For experimental validation, Raman signatures corresponding to Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in the waveband of 730–760 nm and Raman shift in the range of 1096–1634 cm−1 were extracted and reconstructed to build images of R6G. The results confirm improved image resolution using the concept and hints at super-resolution by almost twice better than the diffraction-limit.
Applying phraseological complexity measures to L2 French
Authors: Vandeweerd Nathan , Housen Alex , Paquot Magali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study partially replicates Paquot’s (2018, 2019) study of phraseological complexity in L2 English by investigating how phraseological complexity
compares across proficiency levels as well as how phraseological complexity measures relate to lexical, syntactic and
morphological complexity measures in a corpus of L2 French argumentative essays. Phraseological complexity is operationalized as
the diversity (root type-token ratio; RTTR) and sophistication (pointwise mutual information; PMI) of three
types of grammatical dependencies: adjectival modifiers, adverbial modifiers and direct objects. Results reveal a significant
increase in the mean PMI of direct objects and the RTTR of adjectival modifiers across proficiency levels. In
addition to phraseological sophistication, important predictors of proficiency include measures of lexical diversity, lexical
sophistication, syntactic (phrasal) complexity and morphological complexity. The results provide cross-linguistic validation for
the results of Paquot (2018, 2019) and
further highlight the importance of including phraseological measures in the current repertoire of L2 complexity measures.
fsca
Authors: Vandeweerd Nathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article reports on an open-source R package for the extraction of syntactic units from dependency-parsed
French texts. To evaluate the reliability of the package, syntactic units were extracted from a corpus of L2 French and were
compared to units extracted manually from the same corpus. The f-score of the extracted units ranged from 0.53–0.97. Although
units were not always identical between the two methods, manual and automatically-derived syntactic complexity measures were
strongly and significantly correlated (ρ = 0.62–0.97, p < 0.001), suggesting that this
package may be a suitable replacement for manual annotation in some cases where manual annotation is not possible but that care
should be used in interpreting the measures based on these units.