bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Resting Heart Rate is Associated with Increased Circulatory CD14 + TLR4 + monocytes and VEGF Expression in Healthy Obese Individuals: Implications for Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Al-Rashed Fatema , Sindhu Sardar , Madhoun Ashraf Al , Ahmad Zunair , AlMekhled Dawood , Azim Rafaat , Al-Kandari Sarah , Wahid Maziad Al-Abdul , Al-Mulla Fahd , Ahmad Rasheed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The role of leukocyte inflammatory markers and toll like receptors (TLRs)2/4 in pathologies associated with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) levels in healthy obese (HO) individuals is not well elucidated. Herein, we investigated the relationship of RHR with expression of leukocyte-inflammatory markers and TLRs in HO individuals. 58-obese and 57-lean participants with no history of a major medical condition, were recruited in this study. In HO individuals, the elevated-RHR correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, pro-inflammatory monocytes CD11b + CD11c + CD206-phenotype (r=0.52,P=0.0003) as well as with activated T cells CD8 + HLA-DR + phenotype (r=0.27,P=0.039). No association was found between RHR and the percentage of CD16 + CD11b + neutrophils. Interestingly, elevated RHR positively correlated with cells expressing TLR4 and TLR2 (CD14 + TLR4 + , r=0.51,P≤ 0.0001; and CD14 + TLR2 + ,r =0.42,P=0.001). TLR4 + expressing cells also associated positively with the plasma concentrations of proinflammatory or vascular permeability/matrix modulatory markers including TNF-α (r=0.36,P=0.005), VEGF (r= 0.47,P=0.0002), and MMP-9 (r=0.53,P≤0.0001). Multiple regression revealed that RHR is independently associated with CD14 + TLR4 + monocytes and VEGF. We conclude that in HO individuals, increased CD14 + TLR4 + monocytes and circulatory VEGF levels associated independently with RHR, implying that RHR monitoring could be used as a non-invasive clinical indicator to identify healthy obese individuals at risk for inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
When do Mangroves Create an Economic “Safe Haven” from Tropical Storms?
Authors: Hochard Jacob , Barbier Edward , Hamilton Stuart 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Evidence suggests that climate change will increase the frequency of intense storms. Mangroves may protect economic activity in coastal areas. We develop a model that illustrates protections from mangroves and coastal elevation and estimate the impacts of cyclones on coastal economic activity. We find that higher elevation or expansive mangroves alone shelter economic activity from “indirect” cyclone exposure whereas economic activity is only protected from “direct” cyclone exposure in high elevation communities with expansive mangroves. Our global mapping reveals that the majority of these “safe havens” are in upper middle-income countries but are used by populations in lower middle-income countries.
Hemodialysis Exacerbates Proteolytic Imbalance and Pro-fibrotic Platelet Dysfunction
Authors: Velasquez-Mao Aaron , Velasquez Mark , Hui Zhengxiong , Armas-Ayon Denise , Wang Jingshen , Vandsburger Moriel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multi-organ fibrosis among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients cannot be explained by uremia alone. Despite mitigation of thrombosis during hemodialysis (HD), subsequent platelet dysfunction and tissue dysregulation are less understood. We comprehensively profiled plasma and platelets from ESRD patients before and after HD to examine HD-modulation of platelets beyond thrombotic activation. Basal plasma levels of proteolytic regulators and fibrotic factors were elevated in ESRD patients compared to healthy controls, with isoform-specific changes during HD. Platelet lysate (PL) RNA transcripts for growth and coagulative factors were elevated post-HD, with upregulation correlated to HD vintage. Platelet secretome correlations to plasma factors reveal acutely induced pro-fibrotic platelet phenotypes in ESRD patients during HD characterized by preferentially enhanced proteolytic enzyme translation and secretion, platelet contribution to inflammatory response, and increasing platelet dysfunction with blood flow rate (BFR) and Vintage. Compensatory mechanisms of increased platelet growth factor synthesis with acute plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP) increases show short-term mode-switching between dialysis sessions leading to long-term pro-fibrotic bias. Chronic pro-fibrotic adaptation of platelet synthesis were observed through changes in alpha-granule- and lysosome-filling behaviors. We conclude that chronic and acute platelet responses to HD contribute to a pro-fibrotic milieu in ESRD.
The Impact of Insect Herbivory in the Level of Cannabinoids in CBD&nbsp;Hemp&nbsp;Varieties
Authors: Jackson Brandon , Gilbert Lenneisha , Tolosa Tigist , Henry Shellyann , Volkis Victoria , Zebelo Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background In the United States, industrial hemp is defined as a Cannabis sativa L. plant not containing more than 0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9THC) by dry weight. Plants respond to insect herbivore damage by changing their chemistry to counter the effects of herbivore attack. Here, we hypothesized that the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) infestation might impact the level of cannabinoids (Cannabidiol (CBD) and D9THC). Results In a laboratory trial, the CBD hemp, Cherry Blossom, and The Wife varieties were subjected to herbivore damage (HD), Mechanical damage (MD), and Control. After 24hrs of the treatments, we found a significant increase in CBD and D9THC in HD plants compared with MD and Control plants. Similar experiments were conducted in the field condition. A substantial increase in CBD and D9THC observed in herbivore damaged hemp plants compared to the control plants. However, in the field trial, the levels of cannabinoids were not significantly higher in The wife variety. Interestingly, the Corn earworm larvae fed with CBD and D9THC spiked diet showed a significant reduction in body mass, as compared to the larvae fed with the control diets.ConclusionsThe level of cannabinoids seems not genetically fixed somewhat; it is affected by insect herbivory. Our results suggest that CBD hemp plants are exposed to insect herbivory spikes in cannabinoid production and surpass the 0.3 % legal limit of D9THC. The growth and development of Corn earworm, the number one hemp pest in North America affected by cannabinoids. The increased concentration of CBD and D9THC observed in herbivore damaged hemp plants might be associated with the direct deterrence of the corn earworm larvae. Further research underway using different hemp varieties to assess if herbivory and other biotic stressors impact the level of cannabinoids.
H-shaped miktobrush copolymer nanoassembly facilitates ultrafast nucleus delivery for multi-stimuli-cooperative tumour suppression
Authors: Chen Huabing , Zhang Miya , Dai Wenxue , Yang Tao , Li Ting , Xu Tao , Deng Yibing , Yang Hong , Ke Hengte , Zhao Youliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The potencies of antitumour compounds are often compromised by their restricted subcellular delivery to nucleus, although a variety of smart vehicles have been extensively designed to release drug in endocytic organelles. A major challenge remains in exploring the nanocarriers with robust and spatiotemporal responsiveness for yielding efficient subcellular targeting due to tumour heterogeneity. Herein, we show an H-shaped miktobrush copolymer nanoassembly (NAs) with ultrafast nucleus delivery for multi-stimuli-cooperative suppression against primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. The micellar NAs display acidity- and glutathione-responsive drug releases through the protonation and disulfide-bridge cleavage, which are further amplified by irreversible photo-controlled oxidation and phase transition in a ratiometric manner, leading to rapid morphological destruction and ultrafast cytoplasmic translocation into the nucleus from the lysosomes in a few minutes. These micellar NAs thus show a distinctly enhanced cooperativity of photochemotherapeutic efficacy through considerable apoptotic behavior, potently suppressing subcutaneous and orthotopic TNBC models, together with enhanced survival rates. Moreover, these NAs yield preferable anti-metastatic efficacy through the inhibition of metastasis-relevant proteins as compared to chemotherapy and surgical resection. These results provide the insight into multi-stimuli-responsive polymers for ultrafast nucleus delivery against aggressive tumours.
Early Detection and Intervention for Acute perforated Peptic Ulcer after Elective Spine Surgeries: A Review of 13 Cases from 24,026 Patients
Authors: Kao Fu-Cheng , Lin Tung-Yi , Chiu Ping-Yeh , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Fu Tsai-Sheng , Lai Po-Liang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:To determine how perforated peptic ulcers be diagnosed earlier after patients undergoing an elective spine surgeryMethods:Patients who underwent elective spine surgeries at our hospital between January 2000 and April 2018 and experienced an acute perforated peptic ulcer were included. An age-and gender-matched control group was comprised of 26 patients without a postoperative acute perforated peptic ulcer who received spine surgery during the same period. Medical records and imaging studies were thoroughly reviewed.Results:Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study group, including eight females and five males. Three patients, two females and one male, died of uncontrolled peritonitis during the hospital stay. All patients in the study group experienced the sudden onset of abdominal pain, which was continuous and progressive. Patients with elevated serum amylase, a peptic ulcer history and increased intraoperative blood loss had a tendency to develop a postoperative perforated peptic ulcer. Conclusion:Spine surgeons should be highly suspicious of a perforated peptic ulcer if a patient with abnormal high serum amylase level, a history of peptic ulcer and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory druguse experiences, progressive pain in the epigastrium accompanied by abdominal rigidity and absent bowel sounds. Early diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention promote better outcomes.
Early Warming Stress on Juvenile Fish Impairs Testicular Development and Sperm Quality But Contrastingly Elicits Intergenerational Thermotolerance
Authors: Butzge Arno Juliano , Yoshinaga Tulio Teruo , Acosta Omar David Moreno , Fernandino Juan Ignacio , Sanches Eduardo Antônio , Tabata Yara Aiko , Oliveira Claudio , Hattori Ricardo Shohei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The exposure of adult fish to warm or high temperatures is known to impair reproduction, yet the long-term reproductive impacts for treatments at early life are not well clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm temperature (WT) during juvenile stage on gonad maturation, gamete quality, and offspring thermotolerance in rainbow trout. While the comparison of basic reproductive parameters in WT females did not reveal any kind of impairment, many WT males showed an atrophied, undeveloped gonad, or a smaller testis with lower milt volume; sperm quality parameters in WT males and deformity rates in the respective progeny were also highly affected. However, despite of such negative effects, many of the remaining progenies presented better rates of survival and growth when exposed to the same conditions as those of parental fish (WT), suggesting that thermal stress in parr stage males elicited intergenerational thermoresistance after a single generation . The present results support that prolonged warming stress during early life stages can adversely affect key reproductive aspects, but constrastingly increase offspring performance at upper thermal ranges. These findings have implications on the capacity of fish to adapt and to cope with global warming.
Ultrasound Guided Platelet rich Plasma Injections for Post-Traumatic Greater Occipital Neuralgia: A Randomized Controlled trial Protocol
Authors: Stone Jacqueline , Fung Tak S. , Machan Matthew , Campbell Christina , Shan Rodney Li Pi , Debert Chantel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Post-traumatic headaches (PTH) are a common sequalae of TBI and greatly impact patient function and quality of life. Post-traumatic greater occipital neuralgia (GON) is a type of post-traumatic headache. Conventional treatment includes steroid/anesthetic injections which typically alleviate pain, but have a short duration of effect. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging biological treatment for numerous degenerative disorders, including peripheral nerve disorders. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the pain response of a single perineural PRP injection in the treatment of post-traumatic GON.Methods: Thirty adults (over 18 years of age) with post-traumatic GON will be randomized into one of three groups: 1) autologous PRP injection 2) steroid/anesthetic injection (standard care) or 3) placebo injection with normal saline. Injections will be performed to the greater occipital nerve under ultrasound guidance by a trained physician. Daily headache intensity and frequency data will be collected pre-injection and for the duration of the study period. The primary outcome will be the change in headache intensity, as measured by a reduction on the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) at 3 months post-injection in the PRP group, versus the normal saline and steroid groups. Secondary outcomes will include adverse effects, prn medication usage, and impact on function and quality of life as measured by the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) and Quality of Life following Brain Injury (QOILIBRI) questionnaires. Discussion: This trial will evaluate the efficacy of PRP injections as a treatment for post-traumatic GON. This research will further our understanding of PTH, GON, and the treatment of peripheral neuralgias.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT04051203 (registered August 9, 2019), available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04051203?cond=greater+occipital+neuralgia&draw=2&rank=1
Stability of fractional order fuzzy cellular neural networks with distributed delays via hybrid feedback controllers
Authors: Sing Ajendra , Rai Jitendra Nath 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article studies the Global Mittag-Leffler stability of fractional order fuzzy cellular neural networks via hybrid feedback controllers. Based on hybrid feedback control technique Lyapunov approach, and some novel analysis techniques of fractional calculation, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the Global Mittag-lefflers stability. Finally, two simulation example are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Needs and resources of people with type 2 diabetes in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia: A people-centred perspective.
Authors: Leyns Christine , Couvreur Niek , Willems Sara , Hecke Ann Van 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes results in a worldwide public healthcare crisis, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with unprepared and overburdened health systems mainly focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health. Studies regarding type 2 diabetes in LMICs describe specific interventions ignoring a comprehensive analysis of the local factors people see influential to their health. This study aims to meet this research gap by exploring what people with type 2 diabetes in Bolivia need to maintain or improve their health, how important they perceive those identified needs and to what extent these needs are met.Methods: From March until May 2019, 33 persons with type 2 diabetes from three periurban municipalities of the department of Cochabamba participated in this study. The concept mapping methodology by Trochim, a highly structured qualitative brainstorming method, was used to generate and structure a broad range of perspectives on what the participants considered instrumental for their health.Results: The brainstorming resulted in 156 original statements condensed into 72 conceptually different needs and resources, structured under nine conceptual clusters and four action domains. These domains illustrated with vital needs were: (1) self-management with use of plants and the possibility to measure sugar levels periodically; (2) healthcare providers with the need to trust and receive a uniform diagnosis and treatment plan; (3) health system with opportune access to care and (4) community with community participation in health and safety, including removal of stray dogs.Conclusions: This study identifies mostly contextual factors like low literacy levels, linguistic problems in care, the need to articulate people's worldview including traditional use of natural remedies with the Bolivian health system and the lack of expertise on type 2 diabetes by primary health care providers. Understanding the needs and structuring them in different areas wherein action is required serves as a foundation for the planning and evaluation of an integrated people centred care program for people with type 2 diabetes. This participative method serves as a tool to implement the often theoretical concept of integrated people centred health care in health policy and program development.
“I want to get better, but…”: Identifying the perceptions and experiences of people who inject drugs with respect to evolving hepatitis C virus treatments
Authors: Goodyear Trevor , Brown Helen , Browne Annette J. , Hoong Peter , Ti Lianping , Knight Rod 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The advent of highly tolerable and efficacious direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications has transformed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment landscape. Yet, people who inject drugs (PWID) – a population with inequitably high rates of HCV and who face significant socio-structural barriers to healthcare access – continue to have disproportionately low rates of DAA uptake. The objective of this study is to explore how PWID with lived experience of HCV perceive and experience DAA treatment, in a setting with universal coverage of these medications since 2018.Methods: Informed by a critical interpretive framework, we thematically analyze data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted between January and June 2018 in Vancouver, Canada, with a purposive sample (n=56) of PWID at various stages (e.g., pre, peri, post) of DAA treatment. Results: The analysis yielded three key themes: (i) life with HCV, (ii) experiences with and perceptions of evolving HCV treatments, and (iii) substance use and the uptake of DAA treatments. First, participants described how health and healthcare conditions, such as the deprioritizing of HCV (e.g., due to being asymptomatic, healthcare provider inaction, gatekeeping) and catalysts to care (e.g., symptom onset, treatment for co-morbidities) shaped DAA treatment motivation and access. Second, participants described how individual and community-level accounts of evolving HCV treatments, including skepticism following negative experiences with interferon-based treatment and uncertainty regarding treatment eligibility negatively, influenced willingness and opportunities to access DAAs. Concurrently, participants described how peer and community endorsement of DAAs was positively associated with treatment uptake. Third, participants favoured HCV care that was grounded in harm reduction, which included the integration of DAAs with other substance use-related services (e.g., opioid agonist therapy, HIV care), and which was often contrasted against abstinence-focused care wherein substance use is framed as a contraindication to HCV treatment access. Conclusions: These findings underscore several equity-oriented healthcare service delivery and clinician adaptations that are required to scale up DAAs among PWID living with HCV, including the provision of harm reduction-focused, non-stigmatizing, integrated, and peer-led care that responds to power differentials.
Normalization Of Blood Clotting Characteristics Using Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, Fibrinogen And FXIII In An Albumin Based Fluid: Experimental Studies In Thromboelastometry.
Authors: Koller Tobias , Kinast Nadia , Castellanos Andres Guilarte , Garcia Sergio Perez , Iglesias Pilar Paniagua , Vintro Xavi León , Arranz Jose Mateo , Seto Noelia Vilalta , García Maria Victoria Moral , Moreno-Castaño Ana Belén , Aznar-Salatti Jose , Albaladejo Gines Escolar , Ricart Maribel Diaz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Colloid fluids supplemented with adequate combinations of coagulation factor concentrates with the capability to restore coagulation could be a desirable future treatment component in massive transfusion.Methods: Starting from a coagulation factor and blood cell-free albumin solution we added Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, Fibrinogen Concentrate and Factor XIII in different combinations and concentrations to analyze their properties to restore thromboelastometry parameters without the use of plasma. Further analysis under the presence of platelets was performed for comparability to whole blood conditions.Results: Albumin solutions enriched with Fibrinogen Concentrate, Factor XIII and Prothrombin Complex Concentrate at optimized concentrations show restoring coagulation potential. Prothrombin Complex Concentrate showed sufficient thrombin formation for inducing fibrinogen polymerization. The combination of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Fibrinogen Concentrate led to the formation of a stable in vitro fibrin clot. Fibrinogen and Factor XIII showed excellent capacity to improve fibrin clot firmness expressed as Amplitude at 10 minutes and Maximal Clot Firmness. Fibrinogen alone, or in combination with Factor XIII, was able to restore normal Amplitude at 10 minutes and Maximal Clot Firmness values. In the presence of platelets, the thromboelastometry surrogate parameter for thrombin generation (Clotting Time) improves and normalizes when compared to whole blood.Conclusions: Combinations of coagulation factor concentrates suspended in albumin solutions can restore thromboelastometry parameters in the absence of plasma. This kind of artificial colloid fluids with coagulation-restoring characteristics might offer new treatment alternatives for massive transfusion.Trial registration: Study registered at the institutional ethic committee “Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, with protocol number IIBSP-CFC-2013-165.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE COMPOSITION BASE OF PRODUCTS FOR BODY WEIGHT CONTROL
Authors: Sienohonova Halyna , Antyushko Dmitry , Drell Victor , Sienohonova Lyudmila 
Published: February 2021

The problems of overweight and obesity have been analyzed, and the main ways to solve them have been investigated, one of which is the consumption of specially designed bran bars for body weight control. Based on the recommendations of experts, it has determined that the main components characterized by a high fiber content are oat and wheat bran, flax seed meal, in particular, the proposals of specialists on their content in the target products planned for development have been analyzed. Based on these data, 9 model compositions of the mentioned components have been created, their organoleptic properties have been assessed using a specially created point scale, on the basis of which, using the weight coefficients, their complex quality indicators has been determined. The information obtained was used to develop and build a mathematical model of the composition of the compositional base of bars for body weight control