bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between body composition, disease activity, and functional status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (1031.15)
Authors: Woolf Kathleen , Kiely Mary , Yazici Yusuf 
Published: June 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition, disease activity, and functional status in adults with RA (n=84; age 53 ± 14 y; BMI 29.3 ± 7.3 kg/m2; duration of disease 13.4 ± 9.3 y). Height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, and body composition (bioelectrical impedance assessment) were measured. Waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2), and fat‐free mass index (FFMI; kg/m2) were calculated for each participant. C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), duration of morning stiffness, and the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) determined disease activity and functional status. Partial correlations (controlling for age) examined relationships between variables. Body fat % and FMI were positively associated with CRP, ESR, physical function, pain score, and global status (p<0.05). WHtR was positively associated with CRP, physical function, pain score, and global status (p<0.05). Grip strength was positively correlated with FFMI (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with body fat % (p<0.05). In this study, higher body adiposity was associated with greater disease activity and poorer functional status. Interventions promoting a healthy body composition in individuals with RA may improve quality of life.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NYU Steinhardt Faculty Challenge Grant
Prediction of pre‐pregnancy weight from first trimester visit (1031.2)
Authors: Thomas Diana , Halawani Mirna , Phelan Suzanne , Butte Nancy , Redman Leanne 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Gaining weight within the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines leads to healthy pregnancy outcomes. In order to calculate weight gain during pregnancy, clinicians require an accurate measurement of pre‐pregnancy weight. Unfortunately, in most cases, pregravid weight is self‐reported which can be an unreliable measure.Purpose: To develop and validate a mathematical model to estimate pre‐pregnancy weight from weight measured during a first trimester prenatal visit.Methods: After testing the validity of self‐reported pregravid weight, four models were constructed using two comprehensive clinical databases containing weight directly measured before pregnancy and during the first trimester. Maternal age, race, height, and both gestational age and measured weight at the earliest first trimester visit, were used to predict pregravid weight. Each model was validated on independent data not used for model development. Bland‐Altman analysis was performed to test the validity of each model.Results: Although self‐reported pregravid weight correlated well with measured weight (R2=0.98), the Bland‐Altman analysis suggested a negative bias (‐0.62 kg), confidence intervals [‐4.4, 3.1]), indicating increased under‐reporting of pregravid weight with higher BMI classifications. The developed predictive models validated well, demonstrating good agreement and low bias: (R2=0.96, Bias =0.06, confidence intervals [‐5.46,5.58 kg]).Conclusions: The developed models provide an alternative method for health care providers and researchers to determine pregravid weight and appropriately classify women into the correct set of BMI‐specific IOM gestational weight gain guidelines.
A 12‐country assessment of body adiposity in Latin American children and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors (1031.3)
Authors: Vasta Florencia , Slater Christine , Caballero Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Aims: (1) To assess body adiposity in Latin American (LA) children using the deuterium oxide dilution (D2O) method; (2) to evaluate the association of these results with indices of cardiometabolic risk; and (3) to correlate D2O‐measured adiposity with traditional measures of body size. Methods: 1,205 6‐12 year old children (547 males and 658 females) from 12 LA countries taking part in IAEA Technical Cooperation project RLA6064. Percent body fat was estimated by D2O (%BF‐D2O). Anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic indices were collected. Multiple linear regressions were used to model the relationship between cardiometabolic indices and %BF‐D2O. Spearman’s correlations estimated the association between %BF‐D2O with adiposity by skinfolds equations and BMI. Results: Females displayed significantly greater %BF‐D2O than males (p<0.05), with a diverse range of adiposity in the age range covered. Regression analyses confirmed the significant association of %BF‐D2O with TC, HDL, LDL, Insulin, HOMA‐IR, CRP, IL‐6, HCT, SBP and DBP. Spearman’s correlation revealed a stronger association between %BF‐D2O and Dezenberg or Deurenberg skinfold formulas (rho=0.82 and 0.88) compared with BMI (rho=0.69). Conclusions: %BF‐D2O measurements demonstrated a wide range of adiposity, with significant differences between countries, age and sex, and a significant association with cardiometabolic indices.*On behalf of the RLA6064 project coordinatorsGrant Funding Source: Technical Cooperation Fund of the IAEA and local resources in each participating country
Lentils counteract the ability of dietary fat to increase adiposity in growing C57BL/6J female mice (1031.4)
Authors: Hadsell Darryl , Loewus Sarel , Olea Walter , Hadsell Louise , Grusak Michael 
Published: June 2021

Pulse consumption can prevent obesity in rodents challenged with high levels of dietary fat. In the C57BL/6J mouse, high fat diets also have been shown to reduce mammary ductal development. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary lentils would prevent the increased adiposity and diminished mammary ductal development that occurs in high fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice. Female mice (5/treatment) were fed either Harlan‐Teklad 2020x (2020x, 6.5% fat), Harlan TD.88137 (HF, 21% fat, 34% sucrose), or Harlan TD.88137 with cooked, freeze‐dried lentils added at 15% (HFL). After 4 weeks on the diets, females fed HFL had higher (P<0.05) weight gain than both 2020x and HF. However, body fat mass and percent fat were similar among 2020x and HFL, and both lower (P<0.05) than that of HF females. In addition, wet weight of both the parametrial and mammary fat pads were similar among 2020x and HFL, and lower in weight (P<0.05) than HF females. Comparison of mammary ductal morphometry measurements revealed only modest dietary effects. These data demonstrate that dietary lentils can counteract the increased body fatness effect of a high fat diet in growing female mice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The American Pulse Association
Effect of vitamin K2 on trabecular bone mass in senescence‐accelerated mice P6 with water‐immersion restraint stress (1033.1)
Authors: Katsuyama Hironobu , Fushimi Shigeko , Yamane Kunikazu , Tomita Masafumi , Watanabe Yoko , Okuyama Toshiko , Katsuyama Midori , Rahayu Sri , Saijoh Kiyofumi 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin K2 (VK2) has been used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, and might reduce the frequency of fractures by improving bone quality. In the present study, effect of VK2 on bone turnover was investigated using the P6 strain of senescence‐accelerated mice (SAMP6). We used water‐immersion restraint stress (WRS) as bone resorption model to SAMP6. Six week old male SAMP6 were divided into three groups, control, WRS, and WRS + VK2. WRS was performed 6 h/day, and VK2 (30mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously after WRS. These stresses were performed 3 times/week for 4 week.No growth retardation was observed in WRS groups compared to control. Bone histomorphometrical study showed that trabecular bone in second cancellous area at the distal femur showed significant decrease in WRS, and this reduction was recovered by VK2. Reduction of trabecular bone was caused by the activation of osteoclasts, and activity of osteoclasts was suppressed by VK2. Moreover, number of osteoblasts were significantly increased in WRS, and WRS + VK2. Mineral apposition rate was significantly higher in WRS, and WRS + VK2 than control. WRS reduced the BMD by high bone turnover, indicating that both bone formation and bone resorption were increased. Moreover, VK2 was effective to recover from bone mineral loss by WRS. This study was supported by Kakenhi (22500684).Grant Funding Source: Supported by Kakenhi
All omega 3 fatty acids decrease macrophage prostaglandin E2 and inflammatory cytokine production (1034.16)
Authors: Pepper‐Yowell Amanda , Wang Shu , Byelashov Oleksandr , Sellers Matthew , Harris Tyler , Ballou Michael 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine if docosapentaenoic acid n‐3 (DPAn3) enrichment of macrophages (MΦ) changed their inflammatory response relative to saturated (S), mono‐unsaturated (MU), and other poly‐unsaturated (PU) fatty acids (FA). Differentiated THP‐1 cells were incubated with one of 11 FA (50 and 100 μM) of varying degrees of unsaturation or no FA for 24 h prior to 24 h of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli. Fatty acids were collected from MΦ without stimulation to determine the fatty acid profiles. Media was collected from MΦ post‐stimulation and probed for prostaglandin E2, and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin‐6. Prostaglandin E2 production was greater (P<0.05) for AA than all other FA, and n3 PUFA decreased (P<0.01) PGE2 compared to n6 PUFA and all other FA. Incubating THP‐1 cells with SFA, or MUFA did not change inflammatory cytokine release (P>0.10); however, PUFA decreased inflammatory cytokine release (P<0.01) and n3 PUFA were the most potent followed by arachidonic acid (AA). The results of this study suggest n3 PUFA can decrease inflammation associated with endothelial damage and stress, and the anti‐inflammatory effect of DPAn3 was similar to other n3 PUFA. Further, PGE2 production by THP‐1 cells increased greatly when incubated with AA and likely has a negative feedback on inflammatory cytokine release.Grant Funding Source: Omega Protein Corporation
The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project (1034.19)
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz , Raiten Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project was a response to high prevalence of malnutrition, infectious and non‐communicable diseases. Of particular concern is the collision of these conditions in individuals and populations necessitating a deeper appreciation of the role of acute and chronic inflammation in the context of clinical assessment and population surveillance. INSPIRE was designed to provide an evidence based guidance to address the impact of inflammation on the selection, use and interpretation of nutrient biomarkers specifically and nutrition more broadly.Objective: To summarize the results of the INSPIRE project.Results: Four WG were constituted to address the continuum from basic biology to specific nutrition/inflammation relationships and potential approaches and methodologies to address these relationships. The WG addressed (1) the role of nutrition in immune function/inflammatory response, (2) the impact of nutrition on immune function/ inflammatory response and the impact of acute/chronic inflammation from either infection or NCD on nutrition, (3) Methodologies and new technologies, and (4) potential approaches to account for the impact of inflammation on nutrient assessment. The results of the WG deliberations will be presented as well as specific prioritized research gaps.Conclusion: The role of nutrition in immune function and the inflammatory process and vice versa is incontrovertible. The WG presented evidence of the nature of these relationships including the specific impact of acute and chronic inflammation resulting from both infection and NCDs. Specific suggestions are provided with regard to the relative strengths and weakness of approaches to accounting for these interactions. The value of systems biology incorporating a deeper understanding of the role of multiple nutrients within the immune/inflammatory systems are also explored.Grant Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH (NICHD and ODS)
Phenylketonuria is a condition of inflammation associated with high BMI and low bone turnover (1034.2)
Authors: Coakley Kathryn , Douglas Teresa , Singh Rani 
Published: June 2021

This study assessed inflammation in phenylketonuria (PKU) to examine associations with body composition, plasma phenylalanine (phe), diet, and bone health. Blood from 20 fasted females ages 11‐52 with PKU was analyzed for plasma phe, inflammation [C‐reactive protein (CRP)], and bone turnover markers (CTx and P1NP). Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry measured body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and content (BMC). Three‐day food records were analyzed by NDSR to calculate energy, carbohydrate, fat, total protein and phe intake. Spearman’s coefficients assessed correlations between CRP (non‐normal) and all parameters. Nine (45%) were overweight or obese (BMI >25). CRP was elevated (>1mg/dL) in 33.3% and correlated with BMI (r‐square=0.49; p‐value=0.03) and marginally with % body fat (r‐square=0.34; p‐value=0.14). CRP was not associated with plasma phe, nutrients, BMD or BMC. CRP was inversely correlated with PINP, marker of bone formation (r‐square=‐0.47; p‐value=0.04) and marginally with CTx, marker of bone resorption (r‐square=‐0.40; p‐value=0.09). Preliminary data indicate 1 in 3 females with PKU had elevated CRP indicating inflammation. Inflammation was related to high BMI, low bone turnover and potentially with high fat mass, but not plasma phe or diet. Risk of chronic conditions or bone health issues secondary to chronic inflammation warrants investigation in PKU.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH
Relationship of nutrition and bone mineral density among Hispanic subjects in “En Balance” diabetes education program (1035.10)
Authors: Damayanti Didit , Dehom Salem , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida , De Leon Marino , Beeson Larry 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of selected nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D) and BMD in Hispanic subjects.Methods: This was a prospective three‐month uncontrolled intervention pilot study. A culturally sensitive diabetes education program was conducted to determine the clinical impact on glycemic control in Hispanics subjects with type 2 diabetes. Besides glycemic control, BMD measured by fan beam DXA with Hologic QDR 4500‐A software version 8.1A and dietary intake measured by a validated food frequency questionnaires. Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon sign rank test used to compare the change after intervention, while multiple linear regression used to determine the association between BMD and selected nutrients.Results: The study had 39 subjects, 59 % females, mean age 54 years old and 28.2 % had low BMD (T‐score ‐1 and less). Results showed there was no significant difference of T‐score (p=0.314), energy, protein, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, sodium, alcohol and caffeine intake before and after intervention. Adjusted for gender result showed there is no significant association between L total BMD (g/cmsq) and protein (p=0.694), calcium (p=0.419), phosphorus (p=0.551) and vitamin D (p=0.772) after intervention.Conclusions: There was no significant association between BMD and selected nutrients intake adjusted for gender in Hispanic subjects.
Effect of a dietary portfolio (nopal, soy, oat, chia seed and inulin) on lipoprotein subclasses and LDL‐cholesterol in Mexican subjects with hypercholesterolemia (1035.8)
Authors: Vazquez‐Manjarrez Natalia , Guevara Martha , Tovar Armando , Flores Adriana , Ayala Brenda , Radyx Miriam , Medina Isabel , Aguilar Miriam , Jimenez Edith , Orozco Ximena , Castaño‐Jameson Marisol , Torres Nimbe 
Published: June 2021

The use of specific dietary portfolios containing regional functional foods may contribute in a better adherence to the dietary treatment in controlling hypercholesterolemia. We studied the effect of a dietary portfolio (nopal, soy protein, oats, chia seed and inulin) on the concentration of total cholesterol (C), LDL‐C, HDL‐C and lipoprotein subclasses in 23 Mexican subjects (17 women and 6 men) after three months of dietary treatment. We found a significant decrease in serum LDL cholesterol. This was accompanied with a decrease in the concentration of small LDL particles (p=0.008). In addition, there was an trend to increase serum HDL‐C, and it was associated with a significant increase in the concentration of large HDL‐particles (p= 0.004). On the other hand, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly as well as total body weight and BMI. These results indicate that dietary portfolio intervention could be an important strategy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease by generating a less atherogenic conditionGrant Funding Source: Supported by grant of Medix to NT
Low dose of trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity and increases markers of thermogenesis in overweight mice (1037.1)
Authors: Shen Wan , Baldwin Jessie , Collins Brian , Hixson Lindsay , Lee Kuan‐Ting , Herberg Timothy , Starnes Joe , Chuang Chia‐Chi , Reid Tanya , Gupta Sat , McIntosh Michael 
Published: June 2021

Our objective was to examine the extent to which 0.1%, w/w, of trans‐10,cis‐12 (10,12) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces adiposity in overweight, sedentary or exercised mice by increasing thermogenesis, and if these effects were dependent on inflammatory signaling. Mice were fed high fat diet for 5 wk, and then switched to a low fat control diet with or without 10,12 CLA, exercise, or sodium salicylate (SS) for another 7 wk. 10,12 CLA decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue mass, and increased enzyme activities and mRNA levels of markers of thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in WAT. Notably, 10,12 CLA decreased body temperature at 23oC and 7oC compared to controls, which coincided with decreased adiposity. As predicted, SS prevented 10,12 CLA‐mediated increases in markers of inflammation in WAT, although it did not affect markers of browning and fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, exercise did not further reduce 10,12 CLA’s reduction in body fat nor attenuate elevated hepatic triglycerides. Collectively, these data suggested that 10,12 CLA‐mediated reduction of adiposity was independent of inflammation, and possibly due to up‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation and heat production in order to regulate body temperature. Although this low level of 10,12 CLA reduced adiposity in overweight mice, hepatic steatosis and inflammation are health concerns.Grant Funding Source: NIH DK 063070‐9
Temporal effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ activation on macrophage inflammatory responses (1037.3)
Authors: Guo Xin , Guo Ting , Li Honggui , Pei Ya , Xu Hang , Qi Ting , Hu Xiang , Zhao Yan , Zhao Jiajia , Wu Chaodong 
Published: June 2021

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation suppresses macrophage inflammatory responses, thereby improving overnutrition‐associated insulin resistance. Because circadian clocks gate the rhythmicity of macrophage inflammatory responses, we explored the temporal effects of PPARγ activation on macrophage proinflammatory responses. To characterize the rhythmicity of macrophage inflammatory responses, RAW cells were synchronized at CT0 (circadian time 0) and treated with palmitate (250 µM) at 1 hr (CT1), 7 hr (CT7), 13 hr (CT13), and/or 19 hr (CT19) after CT0 for 4 hr. As indicated by the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), RAW cells displayed the strongest inflammatory responses at CT7. Although decreased at CT13, JNK phosphorylation remained at relatively high levels at CT13 and CT19. Next, bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM), at CT7 and CT19, were treated with pioglitazone (1 µM) for 48 hr in the presence of lipopolysaccharide for the last 30 min. Consistently, BMBM displayed stronger inflammatory responses at CT7 than at CT19. Interestingly, BMDM also responded better to pioglitazone at CT7 than at CT19. Together, these results suggest that circadian clocks critically regulate the anti‐inflammatory effects of PPARγ activation. As such, time‐based treatment may be an essential strategy for managing overnutrition‐associated metabolic diseases.Grant Funding Source: Supported by ADA, AHA, NIH
Gene‐diet interaction effects during a supplementation with n‐3 PUFA on both plasma and gene expression levels of inflammatory markers (1037.9)
Authors: Cormier Hubert , Rudkowska Iwona , Couture Patrick , Lemieux Simone , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To test whether gene expression of inflammatory genes is altered following an n‐3 PUFA supplementation and to test for any possible gene‐diet interactions modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels. Methods: 210 subjects completed a 6‐wk n‐3 PUFA supplementation with 5g/d of fish oil. Gene expression of TNF and IL6 was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using the TaqMan technology adjusted for the endogenous control (GAPDH). Genotyping of 20 SNPs from the TNF‐LTA gene cluster, IL1β, IL6 and CRP genes was performed. Results: Gene expression of TNF and IL6 increased after the 6‐wk n‐3 PUFA supplementation as shown by 2‐ΔΔCt values >1 (mean±SD, 1.05±0.39 and 1.18±0.50, respectively). In a MIXED model for repeated measures adjusted for the effects of age, sex and BMI, gene by supplementation interactions effects were observed for rs1143627, rs16944, rs1800797, and rs2069840 on IL6 levels, for rs2229094 on TNF‐alpha levels and for rs1800629 on CRP levels (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: An n‐3 PUFA supplementation could alter gene expression levels of TNF and IL6 in PBMC. Also, the large inter‐individual variability in plasma inflammatory markers following an n‐3 PUFA supplementation may be influenced by genetic variations in inflammatory genes.Grant Funding Source: CIHR
Early infant feeding and islet autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study (1038.5)
Authors: Uusitalo Ulla , Lee Hye‐Seung , Andren Aroonsson Carin , Vehik Kendra , Yang Jimin , Hummel Sandra , Butterworth Martha , Lernmark Ake , Rewers Marian , Hagopian William , She Jin‐Xiong , Simell Olli , Ziegler Anette , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey , Virtanen Suvi M , Norris Jill M 
Published: June 2021

This is the first attempt to study infant feeding in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) related islet autoimmunity (IA) in a multi‐country setting.The TEDDY study follows 8502 children with T1D‐associated HLA‐DR‐DQ alleles in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the US. Blood samples were collected every 3 months (m) from birth to evaluate IA, defined as appearance of one or more of the islet cell autoantibodies GADA, IAA, or IA‐2A confirmed at two consecutive visits. Information on infant feeding was collected by a questionnaire. We applied time‐to‐event analysis in this study.Breastfeeding duration was not associated with IA. Significant interactions between the HLA‐DR‐DQ genotype and diet were detected. Introduction of any solid food before 4 m was associated with increased IA risk (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.04‐2.88) vs introduction at 蠅6 m, in HLA‐DR3/4 carriers. In non‐DR3/4 carriers, introduction of fruits/berries before 4 m was associated with decreased IA risk (HR 0.55; 95%CI 0.35‐0.86) vs introduction at 蠅6 m.We conclude that timing of solid food introduction may be associated with IA in TEDDY in a manner linked to HLA risk.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD, NIEHS, JDRF and CDC.