bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA PEMBELI DAN PENJUAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Ismail Anwar 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tuturan (utterences) yang tidak santun yang dituturkan oleh pembeli dan penjual di pasar tradisional Kota Ternate, menggunakan pendekatan skala kesantunan untuk menentukan jenis-jenis tuturan yang santun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitan ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu; 1) teknik observasi (observation); 2)Â teknik simak dan catat; serta 3) teknik rekam (record). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; enam (6) maksim kesantunan yang disampaikan oleh Leech. Semua maksim dilanggar oleh penjual dan pembeli dalam proses jual beli di pasar tradisional. Jumlah tuturan yang dilanggar dalam maksim-maksim itu sebanyak dua puluh lima (25); yang dilanggar penjual adalah dua belas (12) tuturan dan pembeli tiga belas (13) tuturan. Maksim yang paling banyak dilanggar oleh penjual dan pembeli adalah pada maksim maksim kebijaksanaan (tact maxim) yakni enam (6) pelanggaran tuturan. Pada maksim kesimpatian (symphaty maxim) tidak ada pelanggaran tuturan yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan pembeli. Skala kesantunan dijadikan ukuran kesantunan berbahasa dalam sebuah pertuturan disesuaikan dengan konteks pertuturan itu sendiri.
STUDENTSâ€™ VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH ENGLISH SONGS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Latif Saiful , Rahman Mardia A 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to know the extent to which the use of English song improves studentsâ€™ vocabulary at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Halmahera Utara. This research was quantitative research by using pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The sample of this research was 20 students in class Â X-3 Social science students by using convenience sampling technique. The instrument used in the research was the song lyrics. The studentsâ€™ answer the question by determining noun, verb and adjective of Â vocabulary consisting of 50 items. The data were analyzed by using t-test. It was found that teaching vocabulary by using English Song helped the students to master vocabulary. Based on the data analysis, teaching by using English Song could significantly improve studentsâ€™ vocabulary.The research Â shows the score of pre-test and posttest as follow:Â pretest 58.9 score and posttest 75.1 score, and T-count value obtain 12.7 and t critic 1.729 at the significant level 0.05. It means t-count is higher that t-critic. The null hypothesis (H0) stating that teaching vocabulary through English song cannot improve students vocabulary is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hi) stated that teaching vocabulary through English song can improve studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Halmahera Utara is accepted.
Dark and Bright Patterns in Cookie Consent Requests
Authors: Graßl Paul , Schraffenberger Hanna , Zuiderveen Borgesius Frederik , Buijzen Moniek 
Published: February 2021

Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people’s behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online experiments we investigated the effects of three common design nudges (default, aesthetic manipulation, obstruction) on users’ consent decisions and their perception of control over their personal data in these situations. In the first experiment (N = 228) we explored the effects of design nudges towards the privacy-unfriendly option (dark patterns). The experiment revealed that most participants agreed to all consent requests regardless of dark design nudges. Unexpectedly, despite generally low levels of perceived control, obstructing the privacy-friendly option led to more rather than less perceived control. In the second experiment (N = 255) we reversed the direction of the design nudges towards the privacy-friendly option, which we title “bright patterns”. This time the obstruction and default nudges swayed people effectively towards the privacy-friendly option, while the result regarding perceived control stayed the same compared to Experiment 1. Overall, our findings suggest that many current implementations of cookie consent requests do not enable meaningful choices by internet users, and are thus not in line with the intention of the EU policymakers. We also explore how policymakers could address the problem.
Pelatihan Membangun Daya Nalar Matematis Siswa Menggunakan Mingle Model Berbasis Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Sopia Nurapni , Itu Meo Ferdinanda , Ilinawati Ilinawati 
Published: February 2021

Setiap manusia memiliki daya nalar yang berbeda yang merupakan salah satu kemampuan penting dan perlu dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. Daya nalar merupakan modal utama dalam mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi kompetensi penalaran di masa mendatang. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada guru TK dan SD Bethel untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam rangka membangun daya nalar dan memotivasi siswa dalam belajar matematika dengan menggunakan mingle model berbasis bahasa Inggris.Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan pendampingan dan pelatihan tentang metode atau teknik untuk meningkatkan atau membangun daya nalar matematis siswa. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melihat besarnya tingkat kebutuhan guru TK dan SD Bethel akan metode, teknik dan model dalam kegiatan pembelajaran terutama pada mata pelajaran Matematika. Pada kegiatan pelatihan ini, peserta diberi materi tentang penalaran matematis menggunakan mingle model berbasis Bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini mengkombinasikan dua disiplin ilmu yaitu matematika dan Bahasa Inggris.Peserta yang diikutsertakan dalam aktivitas penalaran matematis yakni berhitung, kemudian peserta juga terlibat dalam aktivitas mingle yang dikemas dalam bentuk games yang terbagi menjadi beberapa tipe mingle games. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara terhadap peserta, 96% dari jumlah pesertamampu membangun daya nalar dan memberikan motivasi siswadalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan mingle model berbasis bahasa Inggris.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY TEACHING BOOKS IN COMPREHENSIVE SERVICE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PEDIATRIC FOR 'AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS
Authors: Zaidah Lailatuz Laila 
Published: February 2021

Buku ajar merupakan buku standar yang digunakan pengajar dan anak didik dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk maksud-maksud dan tujuan instruksional, yang dilengkapi dengan sarana-sarana pengajaran yang serasi dan mudah dipahami oleh pemakainya di sekolah-sekolah dan perguruan tinggi sehingga dapat menunjang progam pengajaran. Fisioterapi dalam kompetensinya memiliki beberapa kompetensi peminatan diantaranya adalah fisioterapi anak, yang lingkup pelayanan maupun pembelajaran lebih fokus pada tumbuh kembang anak secara normal, gangguan perkembangan anak, memulihkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan gerak pada anak. Metode Penelitian ini Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan bertujuan untuk memberi pengetahuan kepada mahasiswa fisioterapi, melalui buku ajar dengan menguji kelayakan pengembangan buku ajar pada mahasiswa fisioterapi dan fisioterapi klinis fisioterapi anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba produk yang terdiri dari dua tahap yakni uji coba kelompok kecil sebanyak 10 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa dan fisioterapis dan uji coba kelompok besar sebanyak 30 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa dan fisioterapis klinis.
Hasil uji angket kepada pembaca menunjukkan persentase rerata skor sebesar 94,43% yang berarti layak, Hasil uji angket kepada ahli materi menunjukkan persentase rerata skor sebesar 88,38% yang berarti bahwa materi yang ada dalam pembelajaran buku ajar ini sangat baik Tujuan khusus Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, pengembangan buku ajar ini dikategorikan “Sangat Layak” digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dan sumber pengetahuan bagi mahasiswa, maupun fisioterapis klinis.
Keyword : Buku Ajar Fisioterapi, Fisioterapi Anak
Соціально-економічне життя у Вавилоні за царя Хаммурапі
Authors: Савельєв Владислав 
Published: February 2021

Автором визначено, що на сьогоднішній день Закони Хаммурапі залишаються юридичною моделлю, хоч це була не перша правова система, і цар, насправді, включав закони, створені попередніми царями. Однак, Закони Хаммурапі – це перші відомі в історії людства закони, які у систематичній і послідовній формі відображають соціально-економічні відносини та інститути далекої епохи. Більшість вчених розглядають правління Хаммурапі як ранню форму конституційного правління, так і ранню форму презумпції невинуватості та здатність представляти докази у своїй справі.
На основі проведеного дослідження, визначено, що Хаммурапі бажав, щоб суспільство сприймало його як справедливого правителя, який захищав своїх громадян. Хоча цар міг бути одним із перших великих політичних саморекламаторів в історії, він був справді доброзичливим правителем, який хотів, щоб його піддані раділи кращому життю.
Від Мезебергу до Братислави. «Малі кроки» у придністровському врегулюванні
Authors: Филипенко Артем 
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу практики «малих кроків» у придністровському врегулюванні періоду 2010-2019 рр., які здійснювалися Республікою Молдова по відношенню до Придністров’я за сприяння Європейського Союзу й інших акторів. Доводиться, що «малі кроки» поки що не призвели до реінтеграції Придністров’я до Молдови. Однією з ключових причин цього є те, що Придністров’я визнане стороною переговорів, у той час як Російська Федерація, яка сприяла становленню цієї квазі-держави і надає їй всебічну підтримку, знаходиться у статусі посередника.
Machine Learning for Diagnosis of AD and Prediction of MCI Progression From Brain MRI Using Brain Anatomical Analysis Using Diffeomorphic Deformation
Authors: Syaifullah Ali Haidar , Shiino Akihiko , Kitahara Hitoshi , Ito Ryuta , Ishida Manabu , Tanigaki Kenji 
Published: February 2021

Background: With the growing momentum for the adoption of machine learning (ML) in medical field, it is likely that reliance on ML for imaging will become routine over the next few years. We have developed a software named BAAD, which uses ML algorithms for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression.Methods: We constructed an algorithm by combining a support vector machine (SVM) to classify and a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to reduce concerned variables. We grouped progressive MCI and AD as an AD spectrum and trained SVM according to this classification. We randomly selected half from the total 1,314 subjects of AD neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) from North America for SVM training, and the remaining half were used for validation to fine-tune the model hyperparameters. We created two types of SVMs, one based solely on the brain structure (SVMst), and the other based on both the brain structure and Mini-Mental State Examination score (SVMcog). We compared the model performance with two expert neuroradiologists, and further evaluated it in test datasets involving 519, 592, 69, and 128 subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker &amp; Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL), Japanese ADNI, the Minimal Interval Resonance Imaging in AD (MIDIAD) and the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS), respectively.Results: BAAD's SVMs outperformed radiologists for AD diagnosis in a structural magnetic resonance imaging review. The accuracy of the two radiologists was 57.5 and 70.0%, respectively, whereas, that of the SVMst was 90.5%. The diagnostic accuracy of the SVMst and SVMcog in the test datasets ranged from 88.0 to 97.1% and 92.5 to 100%, respectively. The prediction accuracy for MCI progression was 83.0% in SVMst and 85.0% in SVMcog. In the AD spectrum classified by SVMst, 87.1% of the subjects were Aβ positive according to an AV-45 positron emission tomography. Similarly, among MCI patients classified for the AD spectrum, 89.5% of the subjects progressed to AD.Conclusion: Our ML has shown high performance in AD diagnosis and prediction of MCI progression. It outperformed expert radiologists, and is expected to provide support in clinical practice.
Time-Frequency Representation of Motor Evoked Potentials in Brain Tumor Patients
Authors: Machetanz Kathrin , Gallotti Alberto L. , Leao Tatagiba Maria Teresa , Liebsch Marina , Trakolis Leonidas , Wang Sophie , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Naros Georgios 
Published: February 2021

Background: The integrity of the motor system can be examined by applying navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) to the cortex. The corresponding motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the target muscles are mirroring the status of the human motor system, far beyond corticospinal integrity. Commonly used time domain features of MEPs (e.g., peak-to-peak amplitudes and onset latencies) exert a high inter-subject and intra-subject variability. Frequency domain analysis might help to resolve or quantify disease-related MEP changes, e.g., in brain tumor patients. The aim of the present study was to describe the time-frequency representation of MEPs in brain tumor patients, its relation to clinical and imaging findings, and the differences to healthy subject.Methods: This prospective study compared 12 healthy subjects with 12 consecutive brain tumor patients (with and without a paresis) applying nTMS mapping. Resulting MEPs were evaluated in the time series domain (i.e., amplitudes and latencies). After transformation into the frequency domain using a Morlet wavelet approach, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), and inter-trial coherence (ITC) were calculated and compared to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) results.Results: There were no significant differences in the time series characteristics between groups. MEPs were projecting to a frequency band between 30 and 300 Hz with a local maximum around 100 Hz for both healthy subjects and patients. However, there was ERSP reduction for higher frequencies (&gt;100 Hz) in patients in contrast to healthy subjects. This deceleration was mirrored in an increase of the inter-peak MEP latencies. Patients with a paresis showed an additional disturbance in ITC in these frequencies. There was no correlation between the CST integrity (as measured by DTI) and the MEP parameters.Conclusion: Time-frequency analysis may provide additional information above and beyond classical MEP time domain features and the status of the corticospinal system in brain tumor patients. This first evaluation indicates that brain tumors might affect cortical physiology and the responsiveness of the cortex to TMS resulting in a temporal dispersion of the corticospinal transmission.
Clinical Study of Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Yan Lulu , Zhang Shuang , Huang Xiaoxue , Tang Yao , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Autonomic dysfunction is a common symptom of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis; however, it has been poorly researched. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features, tumor occurrence, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, imaging assessment, cerebrospinal fluid examination, disease severity, and immunotherapy in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis with or without autonomic dysfunction.Methods: A retrospective study of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients diagnosed between January 2016 and April 2020 was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had autonomic dysfunction, and their clinical features, treatment, and prognosis were compared.Results: A total of 119 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were included in this study. Seventy-three patients (61.3%) had autonomic dysfunction, while the remaining 46 (38.7%) did not. Sinus tachycardia (69.9%) was the autonomic dysfunction with the highest incidence, while the incidences of symptoms including constipation, central hypopnea, and others gradually decreased. Compared to the group without autonomic dysfunction, the prevalence of the main clinical symptoms such as epileptic seizure (P = 0.003), involuntary movement (P = 0.028), and decreased consciousness (P &lt; 0.001) were higher in the group with autonomic dysfunction, which also more frequently presented with complications such as pulmonary infection (P &lt; 0.001) and abnormal liver function (P = 0.001). Moreover, the rates of ICU admission (P &lt; 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (P = 0.001), as well as the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at admission (P &lt; 0.001), maximum mRS scores during the course of disease (P &lt; 0.001), and mRS scores at discharge (P &lt; 0.001) were higher in the patients with autonomic dysfunction than in those without. The number of patients in the autonomic dysfunction group who underwent ≥2 immunotherapies was also higher than that in the group without autonomic dysfunction (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Sinus tachycardia is the most common type of autonomic dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Compared to patients without autonomic dysfunction, those with autonomic dysfunction had a higher incidence of epilepsy, involuntary movements, decreased consciousness, pulmonary infections, abnormal liver function, ICU admissions, and mechanical ventilation; moreover, the severity of the disease was greater, and their prognosis worse. Therefore, such patients require intensive immunotherapy.
Acute Stroke Biomarkers: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Dagonnier Marie , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. , Dewey Helen M. , Howells David W. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Distinguishing between stroke subtypes and knowing the time of stroke onset are critical in clinical practice. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy are very effective treatments in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimaging helps decide who should be treated and how they should be treated but is expensive, not always available and can have contraindications. These limitations contribute to the under use of these reperfusion therapies.Aim: An alternative approach in acute stroke diagnosis is to identify blood biomarkers which reflect the body's response to the damage caused by the different types of stroke. Specific blood biomarkers capable of differentiating ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke and mimics, identifying large vessel occlusion and capable of predicting stroke onset time would expedite diagnosis and increase eligibility for reperfusion therapies.Summary of Review: To date, measurements of candidate biomarkers have usually occurred beyond the time window for thrombolysis. Nevertheless, some candidate markers of brain tissue damage, particularly the highly abundant glial structural proteins like GFAP and S100β and the matrix protein MMP-9 offer promising results. Grouping of biomarkers in panels can offer additional specificity and sensitivity for ischemic stroke diagnosis. Unbiased “omics” approaches have great potential for biomarker identification because of greater gene, protein, and metabolite coverage but seem unlikely to be the detection methodology of choice because of their inherent cost.Conclusion: To date, despite the evolution of the techniques used in their evaluation, no individual candidate or multimarker panel has proven to have adequate performance for use in an acute clinical setting where decisions about an individual patient are being made. Timing of biomarker measurement, particularly early when decision making is most important, requires urgent and systematic study.
Basolateral Amygdala Serotonin 2C Receptor Regulates Emotional Disorder-Related Symptoms Induced by Chronic Methamphetamine Administration
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Li Chen , Ding Jiuyang , Li Yanning , Zhou Zhihua , Huang Yanjun , Wang Xiaohan , Fan Haoliang , Huang Jian , He Yitong , Li Jianwei , Chen Jun , Qiu Pingming 
Published: February 2021

Globally, methamphetamine (MA) is the second most abused drug, with psychotic symptoms being one of the most common adverse effects. Emotional disorders induced by MA abuse have been widely reported both in human and animal models; however, the mechanisms underlying such disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, a chronic MA administration mouse model was utilized to elucidate the serotonergic pathway involved in MA-induced emotional disorders. After 4 weeks of MA administration, the animals exhibited significantly increased depressive and anxious symptoms. Molecular and morphological evidence showed that chronic MA administration reduced the expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) rate-limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase 2, in the dorsal raphe and the concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) nuclei. Alterations in both 5-HT and 5-HT receptor levels occurred simultaneously in BLA; quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and fluorescence analysis revealed that the expression of the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) increased. Neuropharmacology and virus-mediated silencing strategies confirmed that targeting 5-HT2CR reversed the depressive and anxious behaviors induced by chronic MA administration. In the BLA, 5-HT2CR-positive cells co-localized with GABAergic interneurons. The inactivation of 5-HT2CR ameliorated impaired GABAergic inhibition and decreased BLA activation. Thus, herein, for the first time, we report that the abnormal regulation of 5-HT2CR is involved in the manifestation of emotional disorder-like symptoms induced by chronic MA use. Our study suggests that 5-HT2CR in the BLA is a promising clinical target for the treatment of MA-induced emotional disorders.