bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniature Ion‐selective Electrodes with Mesoporous Carbon Black as Solid Contact
Authors: Zhang Zhehao , Papautsky Ian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we demonstrated miniature solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) using a commercial mesoporous carbon black (MCB) as ion‐to‐electron transducer. MCB is attractive in its high surface area, good conductivity, relative low cost and availability. ISEs for potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3−) ions were prepared by subsequently coating the sealed glass capillaries (1.5 mm) with MCB and ion‐selective membranes. Addition of MCB substantially stabilized electrode response by providing adequate double‐layer capacitance and lowering resistance by more than 100× compared to the coated‐wire electrodes. The electrodes exhibited near‐Nernstian slopes of 59.6 (K+ ionophore), 57.8 (K+ ion‐exchanger) and −54.8 (NO3− ion‐exchanger) with standard solutions in the range of 10−5 to 10−1 M. Fast response (∼10 s) and reproducible sensitivities were also obtained in a mixed electrolyte containing interfering ions, although with a baseline drift of 2–10 mV/day in the long term. Importantly, the electrodes can be simply stored in air between measurements and used directly without conditioning in solutions. With simple fabrication and free maintenance, these sensors offer a low cost and convenient alternative to bulk ISEs, especially when sample volumes or space are limited.
An Electrospun Nanofibrous Sensor Based on a Porous (Cr/Zn) Slats Oxide for Voltammetric Detection of Ezetimibe Drug in Real Samples
Authors: Elfiky Mona , Matsuda Atsunori , Salahuddin Nehal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, a series of bimetallic slats oxide nanofibers with different molar proportions of Cr: Zn were synthesizedviathe electrospinning method. Nanofibers with a molar proportion of (Cr: Zn=1: 2) [CrZn3] demonstrated a large superficial area (123.3 m2/g) with minimal resistivity. A modulated carbon paste sensor (MCPS) constructed using 1.0 % of [CrZn3] exhibited remarkable surface electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of ezetimibe drug and oxidation reduction of an electroactive probe (K3[Fe(CN6)]). Under optimized conditions, the limit of the detection of the obtained MCPS for ezetimibe in bulk form was 0.024 nmol L−1and its linear range was 0.08–1.5 nmol L−1. The sensor also demonstrated good selectivity toward the drug in human medication and serum fluid.
Riparian vegetation life stages control the impact of flood sequencing on braided river morphodynamics
Authors: Fernandez Rocio L. , McLelland Stuart , Parsons Daniel R. , Bodewes Bas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith riverine flooding set to be more frequent in many parts of the world as a result of climate change, the interactions between fluvial morphodynamics and riparian vegetation may depend in part on the sequence of flood events. This paper describes a laboratory study of the geomorphic adjustment of a braided river to sequences of floods across five different strengths of braidplain vegetation. By using alfalfa as a proxy for braidplain vegetation, the differing plant life stages were used to represent the varying strengths of biogeomorphic feedbacks across the floods. Boundary conditions were constrained by sets of experimental runs with both equilibrium sediment loads and deficit loads. Changes in bed topography were monitored and assessed using a detailed digital elevation model, digital imagery and continuous monitoring of the transported sediment. Results demonstrate that in absence of plant colonization, vegetation placed the rivers in a non‐equilibrium condition, in which riparian vegetation encouraged the development of new channels, increased the system channel width and enhanced topographic irregularity, these effects being more noticeable during the low‐flow periods. The morphodynamics was found to be less sensitive to variations in flood discharges as the vegetation influence (strength) increased from minimum to maximum, until vegetation began to die back and the impacts of flood sequences became yet again evident. Although the overall sediment transport rate was reduced under full‐grown vegetation conditions, the presence of the mature plants across the braid bars resulted in the greatest channel scour depths. Results are considered in light of expected changes in flood frequency with climate and likely morphodynamic responses of river systems as a result.
Investigating the Effects of Pesticides on Ramshorn Snails (Planorbella [Helisoma] trivolvis) Infected with Echinostoma spp.
Authors: Svatos Emma , Strasburg Miranda , Boone Michelle D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Globally, parasite-induced diseases in humans and wildlife are on the rise, and pesticide pollution may be a contributing factor. Echinostoma spp. trematode parasites are prominent in North America, and they use ramshorn snails (Planorbella [Helisoma] trivolvis) as intermediate hosts. We investigated the impact of chronic exposure to 1 of 5 pesticide treatments (control, or 50 μg/L of atrazine, glyphosate, carbaryl, or malathion) on uninfected and Echinostoma-infected snails for 41 d in the laboratory. We recorded snail mortality, the number of egg masses laid, change in mass, and behavior. Chronic exposure to atrazine, carbaryl, and malathion significantly decreased snail survival, whereas parasite infection status or exposure to glyphosate did not. Pesticide and parasite treatments did not influence growth or behavior, but parasite infection caused complete reproductive failure in snail hosts. Our results indicated that the direct effects of pesticides could threaten snail populations in natural environments and disrupt host–parasite dynamics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2755–2763. © 2021 SETAC
Shadowboxing the Field: A Black Queer Feminist Praise Song
Authors: Falu Nessette 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article situates random public encounters in fieldwork as critical ethnographic “shadowboxing” (James 1999) moments shaping Black queer feminisms for anthropology. Based in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, I explore the multiangular effects of an impromptu encounter with a gynecologist within the context of the International Women's Day march in 2013. This article maps how my Black queer feminist lens renders visible the rooted mechanisms of power and subsequent erasures of Black women's agency in silence and social action. I rethink how discovery and evidence emerge as “radical data” to frame how Black female bodies become shadows within institutional spaces. It challenges us to boldly call out the radical data that resides beyond the data itself. I engage the scholarship of Black queer and Black feminist scholars as a call for more Black queer feminist praise songs.
Dietary compliance in a randomized double‐blind infant feeding trial during infancy aiming at prevention of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Virtanen Suvi M. , Cuthbertson David , Nucci Anita M. , Hyytinen Mila , Ormisson Anne , Salonen Marja , Turrini Tania , Cummings Elizabeth A. , Bradley Brenda , Tanner‐Blasiar Marilyn , Becker Dorothy J. , Åkerblom Hans K. , Savilahti Erkki , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Knip Mikael ,   the TRIGR Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe international Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) tested the hypothesis whether extensively hydrolyzed casein‐based versus regular cow's milk‐based infant formula reduces the risk of type 1 diabetes. We describe dietary compliance in the trial in terms of study formula intake, feeding of nonrecommended foods, and serum cow's milk antibody concentration reflecting intake of cow's milk protein among 2,159 eligible newborn infants with a biological first‐degree relative affected by type 1 diabetes and with HLA‐conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. The participating infants were introduced to the study formula feeding at the median age of 15 days with a median duration of study formula use of 63 days. During the intervention, 80% of the infants received study formula. Of these, 57% received study formula for at least 2 months. On average, 45.5 l of study formula were used per infant. Only 13% of the population had received a nonrecommended food by the age of 6 months. The dietary compliance was similar in the intervention and control arm. The reported cow's milk consumption by the families matched very well with measured serum casein IgA and IgG antibody concentration. To conclude, good compliance was observed in this randomized infant feeding trial. Compliance varied between the regions and those infants who were breastfed for a longer period of time had a shorter exposure to the study formula. High dietary compliance in infant feeding trial is necessary to allow accurate interpretation of study results.
Effects of Miao sour soup on hyperlipidemia in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats via the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Xie Jiao , Wang Nanlan , Zhou Qianqian , Lu Yang , Qu Zihan , Wang Huiqun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a common characteristic of obese animals. Identifying the factors involved in the regulation of dietary lipid metabolism is the most beneficial way to improve health. Miao sour soup (MSS) is a fermented food made from tomato and red pepper that contains lycopene, capsaicin, and organic acids. We conducted this study to investigate the regulatory functions and mechanisms of MSS on the blood lipid levels of high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats. In our preventive study, rats were fed normal diet (ND1), high‐fat diet (HFD1), HFD + 4 g/kg BW MSS (HFD + LS1), and HFD + 8 g/kg BW MSS (HFD + HS1). We found that MSS significantly reduced the body weight and fat accumulation and improved the blood lipid levels of rats. MSS significantly increased the expression of AMP‐activated protein kinase‐alpha (AMPKα), attenuated the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), and suppressed the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα), the critical regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Additionally, we also conducted a treatment study, and we grouped rats to receive ND2, HFD2, PC2, HFD + LS2, and HFD + HS2 for another 10 weeks. MSS treatment reduced the body weight, fat deposition, and percentage of lipid droplets and regulated the plasma lipid content. MSS significantly increased the expression of AMPK and alleviated the expression of SREBP‐1c, ACC, and FAS. Taken together, these findings suggest that MSS prevents and treats hyperlipidemia in obese rats by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.
Regulating AI in Health Care: The Challenges of Informed User Engagement
Authors: Kudina Olya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe European Union's proposed Artificial Intelligence Act is a welcome, ambitious law on the regulation of AI systems. However, it underestimates the responsibilities placed on individual users to navigate the implementation of AI. Focusing on the health care sector, this policy piece examines challenges that the proposed law bypasses. First, effective human‐AI collaboration in the diagnostic process hinges on the acknowledgment of AI's mediating role in this process, on forming a diagnostic dialogue between humans and AI. Second, with AI in this mediating role, the meaning of responsibility is changed to accommodate the broadened scope of clinician and patient duties, modified clinical workflows, and emergent medical norms. Finally, the challenge of media literacy concerns both the issues of access to knowledge and the ability to make informed choices regarding human‐AI interaction. This policy piece suggests that embracing the complexity of the use practices is essential to achieving an effective human‐AI partnership, in the medical sector and at large.
Proof‐of‐concept evidence for trimodal simultaneous investigation of human brain function
Authors: Moore Matthew , Maclin Edward L. , Iordan Alexandru D. , Katsumi Yuta , Larsen Ryan J. , Bagshaw Andrew P. , Mayhew Stephen , Shafer Andrea T. , Sutton Bradley P. , Fabiani Monica , Gratton Gabriele , Dolcos Florin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe link between spatial (where) and temporal (when) aspects of the neural correlates of most psychological phenomena is not clear. Elucidation of this relation, which is crucial to fully understand human brain function, requires integration across multiple brain imaging modalities and cognitive tasks that reliably modulate the engagement of the brain systems of interest. By overcoming the methodological challenges posed by simultaneous recordings, the present report provides proof‐of‐concept evidence for a novel approach using three complementary imaging modalities: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event‐related potentials (ERPs), and event‐related optical signals (EROS). Using the emotional oddball task, a paradigm that taps into both cognitive and affective aspects of processing, we show the feasibility of capturing converging and complementary measures of brain function that are not currently attainable using traditional unimodal or other multimodal approaches. This opens up unprecedented possibilities to clarify spatiotemporal integration of brain function.
Streamflow generation in semi‐arid, glacier‐covered, montane catchments in the upper Shule River, Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan plateau
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Ding Yongjian , Wu Jinkui , Liu Fengjing , Wang Shaoping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStreamflow generation was investigated using isotopic and geochemical tracers in semiarid, glacier‐covered, montane catchments in the upper Shule River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Samples from stream water, precipitation, glacier meltwater, and groundwater were collected at the Suli and Gahe catchments along the Shule River, with an area of 1908 and 4210 km2, respectively. The samples were analysed for stable isotopes of water and major ions. Results of diagnostic tools of mixing models showed that Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl−, along with δ18O and δ2H, behaved conservatively as a result of mixing of three endmembers. The three endmembers identified by the mixing analysis were surface runoff directly from precipitation, groundwater, and glacier meltwater. Streamflow was dominated by groundwater, accounting for 59% and 60% of streamflow on average in the Suli and Gahe catchments, respectively, with minimum groundwater contribution in July (47% and 50%) and maximum contribution in October (69% and 70%). The contributions of surface runoff were slightly higher in the Suli catchment (25%) than in the Gahe catchment (19%). However, the contributions of glacier meltwater were higher in the Gahe catchment (21%) compared to the Suli catchment (17%), as a result of a higher percentage of glacier covered area in the Gahe catchment. This difference followed well the non‐linear power–law trend of many glacier‐covered catchments around the world. As glacier retreat continues in the future, the reduction of streamflow in glacier‐covered upper Shule catchment likely will be accelerated and possibly elsewhere in the Tibetan Plateau. This study suggests that it is critical to define the turning point of an accelerated reduction in glacier meltwater for glacier‐covered catchments around the world in order to better assess and manage water resources.
Differential impact of COVID‐19 in pregnant women from high‐income countries and low‐ to middle‐income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gajbhiye Rahul K. , Sawant Mamta S. , Kuppusamy Periyasamy , Surve Suchitra , Pasi Achhelal , Prusty Ranjan K. , Mahale Smita D. , Modi Deepak N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 has infected a large number of pregnant women.ObjectiveTo compare clinical, perinatal outcomes of women with COVID‐19 from high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMICs).Search strategyOnline databases were searched.Selection criteriaOriginal studies on pregnant women with COVID‐19 were included.Data collection and analysisInformation on clinical presentation, co‐morbidities, pregnancy outcomes, neonatal outcomes, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in neonates was extracted.Main resultsThe pooled estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive neonates is 3.7%. Symptomatic presentations are less common in LMICs compared to HICs (odds ratio [OR] 0.38). Diabetes (OR 0.5), hypertension (OR 0.5), and asthma (OR 0.14) are commonly reported from HICs; hypothyroidism (OR 2.2), anemia (OR 3.2), and co‐infections (OR 6.0) are commonly reported in LMICs. The overall risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is higher in LMICs compared to HICs (OR 2.4). Abortion (OR 6.2), stillbirths (OR 2.0), and maternal death (OR 7.8) are more common in LMICs. Preterm births and premature rupture of membranes are comparable in both groups. Neonatal deaths (OR 3.7), pneumonia (OR 7.5), and neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (OR 1.8) are commonly reported in LMICs.ConclusionsIn LMICs, pregnant women and neonates are more vulnerable to adverse outcomes due to COVID‐19.PROSPERO registration no: CRD42020198743.
Recent advances in antibody‐based immunotherapy strategies for COVID‐19
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Abdolreza , Rostami Samaneh , Yeganeh Pegah M. , Tahmasebi Safa , Ahmadi Majid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emergence of a new acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the cause of the 2019‐nCOV disease (COVID‐19), has caused a pandemic and a global health crisis. Rapid human‐to‐human transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals, has led to the quick spread of the virus worldwide, causing a wide range of clinical manifestations from cold‐like symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan injury, and even death. Therefore, using rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to identify the virus and subsequently select appropriate and effective treatments can help improvement of patients and control the pandemic. So far, various treatment regimens along with prophylactic vaccines have been developed to manage COVID‐19‐infected patients. Among these, antibody‐based therapies, including neutralizing antibodies (against different parts of the virus), polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, plasma therapy, and high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have shown promising outcomes in accelerating and improving the treatment process of patients, avoiding the viral spreading widely, and managing the pandemic. In the current review paper, different types and applications of therapeutic antibodies in the COVID‐19 treatment are comprehensively discussed.
Mechanistic insights on nsSNPs on binding site of renin and cytochrome P450 proteins: A computational perceptual study for pharmacogenomics evaluation
Authors: Loganathan Lakshmanan , Kuriakose Beena Briget , Mushfiq Sakeena , Muthusamy Karthikeyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPast several decades, therapeutic investigations lead to the discovery of numerous antihypertensive drugs. Although it has been proved for their potency, altered efficacy is common norms in several conditions due to genetic variations. Cytochrome P450 plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and responsible for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug molecules. Here, we report the deleterious point mutations in the genes associated with the altered response of antihypertensive drug molecules and their metabolizers. Missense variants were filtered as potential nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms among the available data for the target genes (REN, CYP2D6, CYP3A4). The key objective of the work is to identify the deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for the drug response and metabolism for the application of personalized medication. The molecular docking studies revealed that Aliskiren and other clinically approved drug molecules have a high binding affinity with both wild and mutant structures of renin, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 proteins. The docking (Glide XP) score was observed to have in the range of −8.896 to −11.693 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation studies were employed to perceive the structural changes and conformational deviation through various analyses. Each studied SNPs was observed to have disparate scoring in the binding affinity to the specific drug molecules. As a prospective plan, we assume this study might be applied to identify the risky SNPs associated with hypertension from the patients to recommend the suitable drug for personalized hypertensive treatment. Further, extensive clinical pharmacogenomics studies are required to support the findings.
Resolvable cycle decompositions of complete multigraphs and complete equipartite multigraphs via layering and detachment
Authors: Bahmanian Amin , Šajna Mateja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe construct new resolvable decompositions of complete multigraphs and complete equipartite multigraphs into cycles of variable lengths (and a perfect matching if the vertex degrees are odd). We develop two techniques: layering, which allows us to obtain 2‐factorizations of complete multigraphs from existing 2‐factorizations of complete graphs, and detachment, which allows us to construct resolvable cycle decompositions of complete equipartite multigraphs from existing resolvable cycle decompositions of complete multigraphs. These techniques are applied to obtain new 2‐factorizations of a specified type for both complete multigraphs and complete equipartite multigraphs, with the emphasis on new solutions to the Oberwolfach Problem and the Hamilton–Waterloo Problem. In addition, we show existence of some thickly resolvable cycle decompositions.
MiR equal than others: MicroRNA enhancement for cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Ross Kehinde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKeratinocyte migration is vital in the re‐epithelialisation of the skin during wound healing. Multiple factors conspire to impair closure of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure wounds. Despite deep mechanistic understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function, the translational potential of these small genetic molecules has not been exploited to promote wound repair. In this review, I focus on miRNAs whose importance for wound healing stems from their impact on epidermal keratinocyte behaviour. These include miR‐21‐5p, miR‐31‐5p, miR‐132‐3p, miR‐19b, miR‐20a, miR‐184, miR‐129‐5p and miR‐335‐5p which regulate diverse aspect of keratinocyte biology such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and wound closure. A combinatorial approach where two or more miRNA mimics targeting distinct but complementary wound healing processes is proposed as this may enhance wound repair more effectively than any single miRNA mimic alone.
Bonds of time and space: Divination and the psychiatric encounter
Authors: Baum Emily 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the intersections between divination and psychiatry in the context of modern Chinese history. Throughout the 20th century, subsequent political regimes attempted to drive an ontological wedge between psychiatry, which was deemed scientific, and divination, which was deemed superstitious. While the dichotomy between science and superstition remains a powerful ideology today, it belies the use of divination as a psychotherapeutic tool. Occult practices such as fortune telling and shamanism complement the application of technical psychiatric skills by serving a crucial moral and interpersonal function, one that has important implications for the practice of mental healthcare both within and beyond Asia.