bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐centre study of learning styles of new nursing students
Authors: Campos Daniel G. , Alvarenga Marcia R. M. , Morais Sheila C. R. V. , Gonçalves Natalia , Silva Tiago B. C. , Jarvill Melissa , Oliveira Kumakura Ana R. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe beginning nursing student learning styles and to determine whether there are relationships between learning style and sociodemographic or educational background. We also aim to compare these data with the normative values of the 3.1 version of the Kolb learning style inventory and verify its reliability.Background/LiteratureLearning style is related to the way in which an individual interacts with learning conditions, involving cognitive, affective, physical and environmental aspects. In nursing education, few studies have focused on knowing the learning styles of beginning nursing students, despite the need for students to develop critical thinking skills required of nurses.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional, correlational, multi‐site study.MethodThe study took place at five universities in Brazil and one university in the United States. Data were collected from a sample of beginning nursing students (n = 176) in 2019, using the Portuguese and English 3.1 versions of Kolb's learning style inventory.ResultsMost students’ learning styles were classified as divergers (34.10%), while 28.41% were assimilators, 23.86% were accommodators and 13.63% were convergers. Kolb describes learning as a four‐stage cyclical process grounded in experience. The mean score of one learning stage, the concrete experience, showed those who attended public high schools compared with private high schools was higher (mean = 26.22; p = .0019), and there were different results between Brazilian state universities, Brazilian federal universities and the American university (p = .0149).ConclusionThe diverger style was the most common among beginning nursing students in Brazil and the United States. There was a significant relationship between learning style, the educational background of students, the type of institution they attend and their previous experience with some active learning methodologies.Relevance to clinical practiceAligned with Kolb's experiential learning theory, nurse educators must be aware of student learning styles so they may use teaching strategies to meet their students’ needs.
Amniotic fluid neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein in predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Katsura Daisuke , Tsuji Shunichiro , Hayashi Kaori , Tokoro Shinsuke , Zen Rika , Hoshiyama Takako , Nakamura Akiko , Kimura Fuminori , Kita Nobuyuki , Murakami Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo analyze the effectiveness of amniotic fluid neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein as predictive factors for fetal inflammatory response syndrome.MethodsWe classified single pregnancy cases into the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and nonfetal inflammatory response syndrome groups. We collected amniotic fluid at vaginal delivery and cesarean section and compared the patient characteristics, maternal white blood cell count, C‐reactive protein level, and amniotic fluid interleukin‐6; neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin; and L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein levels between the groups. We further analyzed the relationship between L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein levels and neonatal clinical outcomes.ResultsWe analyzed 129 pregnancies, of which 36 and 93 (27.9% and 72.1%, respectively) were classified into the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and nonfetal inflammatory response syndrome groups, respectively. We observed significant differences in the maternal white blood cell counts and amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin levels. On the multivariate analysis, the useful predictive factors were maternal white blood cell count and amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin levels. Furthermore, the level of L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein was significantly higher in the transient tachypnea of the newborn and postnatal respiratory support group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe maternal white blood cell count and amniotic interleukin‐6 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin levels were effective predictors of fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Amniotic fluid L‐type fatty acid‐binding protein level was an effective predictor of neonatal respiratory support.
Existence of equilibrium in an overlapping‐generations model with government debt
Authors: Li Jinlu , Lin Shuanglin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Diamond overlapping generations (OLG) model with government debt has been widely utilized in economics, but the existence of the steady‐state equilibrium is either assumed or illustrated numerically. This paper provides easily checkable conditions for the existence and uniqueness of steady‐state equilibrium in this model. By checking the first derivatives of the production and utility functions and their interactions, we can determine whether the model has a nontrivial equilibrium or not. We show that the level of government debt, production technology, individual preference, and the growth rate are important for the existence of equilibrium. If government debt exceeds a certain level, equilibrium will not exist. Given technology, preference, and the growth rate, the upper‐bounds of the government debt‐output ratio in equilibrium can be determined based on our results.
Patient‐specific establishment of bacterial composition within the peri‐implant microbiota during the earliest weeks after implant uncovering
Authors: Shimogishi Masahiro , Watanabe Takayasu , Shibasaki Masaki , Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Nemoto Takashi , Ishihara Kazuyuki , Nakano Yoshio , Iwata Takanori , Kasugai Shohei , Nakagawa Ichiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDysbiosis, a loss of balance in the microbiota, is a potential factor of peri‐implantitis. However, compositional change of the peri‐implant microbiota soon after implant uncovering is still unknown. In this study, bacterial composition in the peri‐implant sulcus was examined to understand the establishment of bacterial composition within the peri‐implant microbiota during the earliest weeks after implant uncovering.MethodsMicrobiota samples were collected at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 after stage‐two surgery. Bacterial DNA was isolated from the samples, and a 16S rRNA gene library was constructed. Sequence reads were obtained using a high‐throughput sequencing platform and were taxonomically assigned at the phylum and genus levels.ResultsAlpha diversity indices, which did not include taxonomic information, were at similar levels throughout the four time points. At 1 and 2 weeks, the bacterial composition was similar among patients with the predominance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. However, the composition was diverse at 4 and 6 weeks and significantly dissimilar to the composition at 1 week.ConclusionsAt 1 week, the peri‐implant microbiota was already formed with alpha diversity as high as that at the later time points. However, the bacterial composition was not highly dissimilar among patients at 1 week. The composition changed over the passage of several weeks and was specific for each patient.
Health behaviors and multimorbidity associated with bruxism: Population‐based study
Authors: Fehlberg Bruna Kelly , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Lima Margareth Guimarães 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of possible bruxism in the adult population of Campinas, Brazil, and investigate its association with health behaviors, health status, and multimorbidity.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with data from the 2014/2015 Campinas Health Survey. The sample was composed of 1986 adults (≥20 years of age). The data were collected with the aid of a pre‐coded questionnaire, and the dependent variable was self‐reported bruxism (possible bruxism). The prevalence of possible bruxism was estimated according to the independent variables (health‐related behaviors, morbidities, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics). A hierarchical model was employed using stepwise backward regression in two stages. Principal component analysis was also performed to identify multimorbidity patterns.ResultsThe prevalence of possible bruxism was 13.6%. Associations were found with the consumption of alcoholic beverages, sleep quality, and the number of chronic diseases/health problems. Bruxism was more associated with multimorbidity pattern 2, which was composed of asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, dizziness/vertigo, migraine/headache, emotional/mental problem, back pain, and allergy.ConclusionThe present findings justify the planning of actions directed at reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages and can help guide the health actions of the multidisciplinary team, prioritizing a reduction in the harm caused by the simultaneous presence of health problems associated with possible bruxism.
Comparison of Imaging Parameters between a New Cervical Full Lamina Back Shift Spinal Canal Enlargement Technique and Single Open‐Door Laminoplasty for Multisegment Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Wang Xiao‐nan , Zhao Yi‐bo , Lu Xiang‐dong , Zhao Xiao‐feng , Fan Zhi‐feng , Qi De‐tai , Zhou Run‐tian , Jin Yuan‐zhang , Zhao Bin 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo provide imaging evidence of the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a new full lamina back shift spinal canal enlargement technique.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients with multisegment cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by cervical stenosis. Of these, 32 patients underwent the new full lamina back shift spinal canal enlargement technique (as observation group) and 32 patients underwent single open‐door miniature titanium plate internal fixation (as control group). The computed tomography (CT) data of both groups were imported into Mimics 17.0 software to measure the median sagittal diameter and cross‐sectional area of the spinal canal. Photoshop CS5 was employed to measure the drift distance of the spinal cord on MR images to perform a comparative study of the imaging parameters from the two groups.ResultsThe T2‐weighted MR images in both groups showed continuous recovery of the cerebrospinal fluid signal in the C3–C7 range. The enlarged spinal canal cross‐sectional area (mm2) of each segment after the new full lamina back shift spinal canal enlargement technique was 130.90 ± 20.52 (C3), 180.81 ± 18.86 (C4), 240.48 ± 35.43 (C5), 145.93 ± 36.94 (C6), and 153.16 ± 36.28 (C7), and the enlarged median sagittal diameter (mm) was 5.31 ± 1.13 (C3), 8.8 ± 1.28 (C4), 10.28 ± 1.68 (C5), 9.46 ± 1.48 (C6), and 9.22 ± 1.12 (C7). Both parameters were significantly superior to single open‐door miniature titanium plate internal fixation (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in the drift distance of the spinal cord between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe new full lamina back shift spinal canal enlargement technique achieved a thorough spinal canal decompression effect on imaging while ensuring a reasonable spinal drift distance and few surgical complications. The clinical curative effect of the new technique was precise.
Speckle pattern creation methods for two‐dimensional digital image correlation strain measurements applied to mechanical tensile tests up to 700°C
Authors: Luong Phuong , Bonnaire Rébecca , Périé Jean‐Noel , Sirvin Quentin , Penazzi Luc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop novel speckle pattern techniques for digital image correlation (DIC) kinematic measurements of mechanical tests at high temperatures, typically from 400 to 700°C. In this context, the speckle pattern should not only meet morphological criteria (size, density, distance) in order to improve spatial resolution, but it should also present a high contrast and resist high temperature and strain levels. To find a speckle pattern matching these specifications, a comparison was performed on six types of speckle made using different techniques. First, a computer‐generated speckle pattern that meets DIC criteria was numerically designed to produce six types of speckle pattern. Next, the speckle patterns produced using these six techniques were compared in terms of speckle morphology, image quality and adherence to titanium alloy TA6V material at high temperatures. From 25 to 600°C, the speckle pattern made by the technique combining anodisation and laser engraving named M5 technique gave the best contrast (highest value of mean intensity gradient [MIG] and Shannon entropy value) and the adherence of 200% of strain measurements to the TA6V material. At 700°C, speckle image quality is considerably reduced due to oxidation of the titanium alloy, and this may not be suitable for DIC measurements. Only the speckles produced by painting in which the paint plays a protective role provide with a better speckle contrast compared with other techniques. However, these speckle patterns enable only a strain measurement of 22% by the DIC method. This article concludes with guidelines for producing a speckle pattern suitable for high‐temperature mechanical tests.
Biochar composites: Emerging trends, field successes and sustainability implications
Authors: Wang Liuwei , Ok Yong Sik , Tsang Daniel C. W. , Alessi Daniel S. , Rinklebe Jörg , Mašek Ondřej , Bolan Nanthi S. , Hou Deyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEngineered biochars are promising candidates in a wide range of environmental applications, including soil fertility improvement, contaminant immobilization, wastewater treatment and in situ carbon sequestration. This review provides a systematic classification of these novel biochar composites and identifies the promising future trends in composite research and application. It is proposed that metals, minerals, layered double hydroxides, carbonaceous nanomaterials and microorganisms enhance the performances of biochars via distinct mechanisms. In this review, four novel trends are identified and assessed critically. Firstly, facile synthesis methods, in particular ball milling and co‐pyrolysis, have emerged as popular composite fabrication strategies that are suitable for large‐scale applications. Secondly, biochar modification with green materials, such as natural clay minerals and microorganisms, align well with the on‐going green and sustainable remediation (GSR) movement. Furthermore, new applications in soil health improvement and climate change mitigation support the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, the importance of field studies is getting more attention, since evidence of field success is critically needed before large‐scale applications.
A case series of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: Challenges in management from a TB endemic country
Authors: Babar Zaheer Udin , Nasim Asma , Kumar Sunil , Nazmi Jawwad , Badlani Sanjay , Nadeem Ali , Aziz Tahir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (Rif). The use of immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant recipients can increase the risk of TB. Management of MDR‐TB is quite challenging in the general population with poor compliance owing to lengthy treatment duration and drug toxicities. New drugs as well as shorter regimen have been used to increase the likelihood of adherence. The experience of treating MDR‐TB in the transplant recipients is limited. New drugs like bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid have rarely been used in transplant recipients. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 cases of MDR‐TB in transplant population have been reported in the literature and no case from Pakistan, a high TB burden country. We are reporting our experience of treating 4 renal transplant recipients. We used new drug regimen and found many side effects. Treatment outcome was successful with complete cure in 3 of our patients, however one died of severe drug toxicity. The most worrisome drug interaction was between azathioprine and linezolid, with life‐threatening thrombocytopenia. There was no graft dysfunction noted at the end of the therapy. The management of MDR‐TB in transplant recipients is challenging; excellent coordination between transplant team and Infectious Diseases Physician for close monitoring and follow‐up is needed.
Screening for parvovirus B19 antigen through chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay is equivalent to B19 nucleic acid amplification test‐based screening of pooled plasma
Authors: Ikegawa Motonori , Ohashi Shinichi , Minagi Takao , Okamoto Hiroko , Yunoki Mikihiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman parvovirus B19 (B19) is a pathogen that threatens the quality of plasma products. Therefore, health authorities have mandated measures against B19 contamination of plasma pools. The US FDA has recommended a B19 genome level of 104 IU/ml or lower in pooled plasma lots. Therefore, the B19 nucleic acid amplification test (B19‐NAT) has been introduced in many plasma fractionators. However, in the Japanese Red Cross, which is the only approved blood collector in Japan, the B19 antigen test has been introduced for screening donated blood in Japan. Therefore, to clarify whether the antigen test is robust enough to screen blood samples according to the FDA recommendation, we evaluated B19 genome levels in each pooled plasma lot from 2003 to 2020.Study Design and MethodsData of 5576 pooled plasma lots from factories A and B, which were derived from plasma bags and passed the B19 antigen‐based tests, receptor‐mediated hemagglutination assay (B19‐RHA), or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (B19‐CLEIA), during 2003 to 2020, were evaluated. The amount of B19 genome in each lot was determined using quantitative or semiquantitative B19‐NAT.ResultsThe B19 genome levels in pooled plasma lots screened using B19‐RHA did not meet the FDA recommendation, whereas the lots derived from B19‐CLEIA fulfilled the FDA recommendation, even during the B19 epidemic in Japan.DiscussionThe results suggest that the B19‐CLEIA donor screening for plasma pools is also useful in light of the US FDA recommendation.
The role of lactate in sepsis and COVID‐19: Perspective from contracting skeletal muscle metabolism
Authors: Iepsen Ulrik Winning , Plovsing Ronni R. , Tjelle Klaus , Foss Nicolai Bang , Meyhoff Christian S. , Ryrsø Camilla K. , Berg Ronan M. G. , Secher Niels H. 
Published: May 2021

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Lactate is considered an important substrate for mitochondria in the muscles, heart and brain during exercise and is the main gluconeogenetic precursor in the liver and kidneys. In this light, we review the (patho)physiology of lactate metabolism in sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
What advances does it highlight?
Elevated blood lactate is strongly associated with mortality in septic patients. Lactate seems unrelated to tissue hypoxia but is likely to reflect mitochondrial dysfunction and high adrenergic stimulation. Patients with severe COVID‐19 exhibit near‐normal blood lactate, indicating preserved mitochondrial function, despite a systemic hyperinflammatory state similar to sepsis.
AbstractIn critically ill patients, elevated plasma lactate is often interpreted as a sign of organ hypoperfusion and/or tissue hypoxia. This view on lactate is likely to have been influenced by the pioneering exercise physiologists around 1920. August Krogh identified an oxygen deficit at the onset of exercise that was later related to an oxygen ‘debt’ and lactate accumulation by A. V. Hill. Lactate is considered to be the main gluconeogenetic precursor in the liver and kidneys during submaximal exercise, but hepatic elimination is attenuated by splanchnic vasoconstriction during high‐intensity exercise, causing an exponential increase in blood lactate. With the development of stable isotope tracers, lactate has become established as an important energy source for muscle, brain and heart tissue, where it is used for mitochondrial respiration. Plasma lactate > 4 mM is strongly associated with mortality in septic shock, with no direct link between lactate release and tissue hypoxia. Herein, we provide evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction and adrenergic stimulation as explanations for the sepsis‐induced hyperlactataemia. Despite profound hypoxaemia and intense work of breathing, patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rarely exhibit hyperlactataemia (> 2.5 mM), while presenting a systemic hyperinflammatory state much like sepsis. However, lactate dehydrogenase, which controls the formation of lactate, is markedly elevated in plasma and strongly associated with mortality in severe COVID‐19. We briefly review the potential mechanisms of the lactate dehydrogenase elevation in COVID‐19 and its relationship to lactate metabolism based on mechanisms established in contracting skeletal muscle and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Overdischarge Detection and Prevention With Temperature Monitoring of Li-Ion Batteries and Linear Regression-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Li Bing , Jones Casey M. , Tomar Vikas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on the use of linear regression analysis-based machine learning for the prediction of the end of discharge of a prismatic Li-ion cell. The cell temperature was recorded during the cycling of Li-ion cells and the relation between the open circuit voltage (OCV) and cell temperature was used in the development of the linear regression-based machine learning algorithm. The peak temperature was selected as the indicator of battery end of discharge. A battery management system (BMS) using a pyboard microcontroller was constructed to monitor the temperature of the cell under test and was also used to control a MOSFET that acted as a switch to disconnect the cell from the circuit. The method used an initial 10 charge and discharge cycles at a rate of 1C as the training data, then another charge and discharge cycle for the testing data. During the test cycling, the discharge was continued beyond the cutoff voltage to initiate an overdischarge while the temperature of the cell was continuously monitored. When the temperature of the cell exceeded the predetermined threshold, the pyboard triggered the MOSFET to disconnect the cell and stop the overdischarge. The experiment was performed on three different cells, and the overdischarge for each was secured within 0.1 V of the cutoff voltage. The results of these experiments show that a linear regression-based analysis can be implemented to detect an overdischarge condition of a cell based on the anticipated peak temperature during discharge.
Drill String Torsional Vibrations Modeling With Dynamic Drill Pipe Properties Measurement and Field Validation
Authors: Boukredera Farouk Said , Hadjadj Ahmed , Youcefi Mohamed Riad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to present the drill string torsional dynamics through a lumped parameter modeling using the basic physical notions with continuous measurement of drill pipe mechanical properties (inertia, damping, and stiffness). The model represents the mechanical properties as a variable for each drilled stand. A rock bit interactions model is employed in the system considering the kinetic friction as variable and depends on surface drilling parameters and the well length. Field data, including surface and downhole recorded velocities, are used to validate the model by comparing both velocities and to confirm the existence of drill string vibrations together with the simulation results (bit velocity).