bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Patients with CPT1A Deficiency: Literature Review and Case Series
Authors: Mirhosseini Naser Ali , Saatchi Mahdieh , Taghiyar Sana 
Published: January 2021

Background: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of fatty acid metabolism secondary to CPT1A mutation. Several dozen infants and children have been described with a deficiency of the liver and kidney CPT1 isoenzyme (CPT1-A). Clinical manifestation includes fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia, occasionally with extremely abnormal liver function test (LFT) and rarely with renal tubular acidosis. Acyl carnitine analysis has been the main method for the diagnosis of CPT1A deficiency. Prompt treatment of hypoglycemia includes intravenous fluid containing 10% dextrose. To prevent hypoglycemia, infants should eat frequently during the day and have cornstarch continuously at night. Fasting should not last more than 12 hours during illness, surgery, or medical procedures.
Case Presentation: We reported three patients with CPT1A deficiency presented with hypoglycemia and Reye like syndrome in early childhood that with early diagnosis and treatment they are well in follow-up.
Conclusion: Prognosis of this genetic disorder will be good with appropriate treatment.
Investigação Narrativa (Auto)Biográfica como modo de Percepção da Constituição Docente Ambiental e Crítica
Authors: Günzel Rafaela Engers , Dorneles Aline Machado 
Published: January 2021

Assume-se a investigação narrativa (auto)biográfica como modo de documentar, pela escrita, as experiências ambientais da formação docente. Desse modo, no presente texto apresenta-se as narrativas das experiências envolvendo a Educação Ambiental na formação inicial de uma professora-pesquisadora, as quais mostram, que a temática da sua pesquisa de mestrado está relacionada com as experiências ambientais vividas no contexto escolar e acadêmico reforçando a perspectiva de investigação a partir das memórias e narrativas na formação docente. Para isso, pauta-se nos pressupostos teóricos metodológicos da pesquisa narrativa como modo de interpretar as experiências ambientais da professora-pesquisadora. Da análise emerge compreensões relacionadas a formação docente ambiental, possíveis pela partilha de um processo narrativo (auto)biográfico com algumas narrativas revividas e recontadas ao resgatar o diário de formação da professora-pesquisadora, escritas essas, realizadas durante o período em que atuou como bolsista do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) – grupo PETCiências – ainda na graduação em Química Licenciatura na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS). Argumenta-se que o ato de documentar a experiência de formação mostra às potencialidades da pesquisa narrativa e reafirma a importância da escrita (auto)biográfica no processo de investigação. É possível apontar que a utilização da escrita no diário compõe um recurso que auxilia nos processos de constituição docente e reforça a aposta na docência ambiental.
Trends in Ultrasound Use in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stewart Kelsey A. , Navarro Sergio M. , Kambala Sriharsha , Tan Gail , Poondla Revanth , Lederman Sara , Barbour Kelli , Lavy Chris 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Evidence on recent trends regarding the impact and cost-benefits of ultrasound in resource-constrained settings is limited. This study presents a systematic review to determine recent trends in the utility and applicability of ultrasound use in low and middle income countries (LMIC). The review includes characterizing and evaluating trends in (1) the geographic and specialty specific use of ultrasound in LMICs, (2) the innovative applications and the accompanying research findings, and (3) the development of associated educational and training programs.
Methods: The electronic databases Medline OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched from 2010 to 2018 for studies available in English, French, and Spanish. Commentaries, opinion articles, reviews and book chapters were excluded. Two categories were created, one for reported applications of ultrasound use in LMICs and another for novel ultrasound studies.
Results: A total of 6,276 articles were identified and screened, 4,563 studies were included for final review. 287 studies contained original or novel applications of ultrasound use in LMICs. Nearly 70% of studies involved ultrasound usage originating from Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the latter being the region with the highest number of innovative ultrasound use. Educational studies, global collaborations, and funded studies were a substantial subset of overall ultrasound research. Our findings are limited by the lack of higher quality evidence and limited number of randomized clinical trials reported.
Conclusion/Global Health Implications: Our systematic literature review of ultrasound use in LMICs demonstrates the growing utilization of this relatively low-cost, portable imaging technology in low resource settings.
Key words: • Ultrasound • Ultrasono graph y • Echocardiogram • LMIC • Low resource • Global health • Systematic review

Copyright © 2020 Stewart et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Characteristics of Early Newborn Care: A Descriptive Analysis of Recent Births in Nigeria
Authors: Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Harris A-Mac , Yusuf Korede K. 
Published: January 2021

Background or Objectives: The neonatal period, the first 28 days of life, is the most critical period for child survival. In 2017, 214,000 children in Nigeria died during the neonatal period. Newborn care practices play a key role in preventing these deaths. The aim of this study was to examine the association between delivery location and early newborn care in Nigeria.
Methods: Data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. The main exposure variable was delivery location (home, public hospital, public health center/clinic and private hospital/clinic). The outcomes were early initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding support, and cord examination. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of newborn care.
Results: We observed that the prevalence of all three outcome indicators was low. After adjusting for confounders, birth in public health facilities, compared to home birth, was associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (public hospitals: OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29-2.03; public health centers/clinics OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02-1.61). Breastfeeding support and cord examination were each associated with birth in public hospitals only compared to home birth (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.81 and OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11-1.79, respectively).
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Early newborn care in Nigeria was suboptimal and the quality of this care varied across delivery locations and birth attendants. Public hospitals had the most favorable newborn care outcomes. Policies and programs to enhance the quality of facility-based early newborn care and promote community-based newborn care could improve neonatal outcomes and reduce overall child mortality in resource-challenged settings.
Key words: • Newborn care • Neonatal mortality • Breastfeeding • Cord care • Nigeria

Copyright © 2020 Olorunsaiye et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com - mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Microendoscopy-assisted extraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for treating single-level spondylodesis
Authors: Shibayama Motohide , Li GuangHua , Zhu LiGuo , Ito Zenya , Ito Fujio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lumbar interbody fusion is a standard technique for treating degenerative lumbar disorders involving instability. Due to its invasiveness, a minimally invasive technique, extraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ELIF), was introduced. On surgically approaching posterolaterally, the posterior muscles and spinal canal are barely invaded. Despite its theoretical advantage, ELIF is technically demanding and has not been popularised. Therefore, we developed a microendoscopy-assisted ELIF (mELIF) technique which was designed to be safe and less invasive. Here, we aimed to report on the surgical technique and clinical results.Methods: Using a posterolateral approach similar to that of lateral disc herniation surgery, a tubular retractor, 16 or 18 mm in diameter, was placed at the lateral aspect of the facet joint. The facet joint was partially excised, and the disc space was cleaned. A cage and local bone graft were inserted into the disc space. All disc-related procedures were performed under microendoscopy. The spinal canal was not invaded. Bilateral percutaneous screw-rod constructs were inserted and fixed. Results: Fifty-five patients underwent the procedure. The Oswestry Disability Index and visual analogue scale scores greatly improved. Over 90% of the patients obtained excellent or good results based on Macnab’s criteria. There were neither major adverse clinical effects nor the need for additional surgery.Conclusions: mELIF is minimally invasive because the spinal canal and posterior muscles are barely invaded. It produces good clinical results with fewer complications. This technique can be applied in most single-level spondylodesis cases, including those involving L5/S1 disorders.
Validation of bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicine for lifespan extension
Authors: Chen Chin-Chuan , Wang Tong-Hong , Tseng Wei-Che , Leu Yann-Lii , Chen Chi-Yuan , Lee Wen-Chih , Chi Ying-Chih , Cheng Shu-Fang , Lai Chun-Yu , Kuo Cheng-Hsin , Yang Shu-Ling , Shen Jiann-Jong , Yang Sien-Hung , Feng Chun-Hao , Wu Chih-Ching , Hwang Tsong-Long , Wang Chia-Jen , Wang Shu-Huei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In long history of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), some single herb and complex formulas have been recorded to increase lifespan in TCM pharmacopeia. However, the mechanism of these TCMs increasing lifespan is insufficient. Here, we collected a list of TCMs from pharmacopeias for lifespan extension. By utilizing the mother enrichment program (MEP), we systematically screened these TCMs and identified a single TCM herb, Psoralea corylifolia, that increases lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Next, twenty-two pure compounds were isolated from P. corylifolia, and one of the compounds, corylin, was shown to extend the replicative lifespan (RLS) by targeting the Gtr1 protein. Furthermore, in HUVECs, the RNA sequencing data showed that corylin ameliorated cellular senescence. Finally, corylin reduced the risk of death of mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that corylin has long-term benefits for longevity and could be a potential treatment for age-related disease.
Risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Mahmood Majid , Khurshid Sana , Khan Muhammad , Nadeem Saneeza , Ilyas Noor-ul-ain , Hasrat Muhammad , Ahmad Khawaja , Mehmood Ansar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19, a novel disease, appeared in December 2019 in China and rapidly spread across the world. This study aimed to investigate and find out the factors responsible for death of COVID patients by comparing with recovered patients. Methodology: A retrospective, case control study was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in three hospitals of Poonch division, AJK. Total 192 patients who have been admitted in a hospital with symptoms of COVID-19 and positive PCR test, including 152 recovered from the infection and 40 died, were enrolled in the study. Data of age, gender, occupation, body weight, temperature, diabetic status, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, lungs disorder, kidney disorder, tuberculosis, cancer and smoking was collected for all patients and entered in a datasheet. Different factors were than compared statistically between recovered and dead patients. Results: Died patients had significantly higher age (P=0.000) and body temperature (P=0.000) as compared to recovered patients. Heart disorder, lungs disorder, older age, diabetes and hypertension were found to be significant risk factors of the death in COVID-90 patients. Mortality rate was found to be significantly higher in patients with heart disorder (P=0.000; OR=5.07), lungs disorder (P=0.000; OR=4.0), older age (P=0.000; OR=3.44), diabetes (P=0.001; OR=2.49) and hypertension (P=0.024; OR=1.84) as compared to the COVID-19 patients without these factors. Mortality rate was also higher for the patients with smoking and some kidney disorder but not significant (P=0.170 and 0.191 respectively). Among the died patients, 39 (97.5%) had 1 (2.5%) or more than one of the risk factors were present while 1 patient had no obvious risk factor.Conclusion: The study concludes that heart disorder, lungs disorder, older age, diabetes and hypertension are significant risk factors of the death in COVID-90 patients. More the risk factors accumulate in a person, higher will be the risk of death.
IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition
Authors: Bozzo Caterina Prelli , Nchioua Rayhane , Volcic Meta , Krüger Jana , Heller Sandra , Stuerzel Christina , Kmiec Dorota , Conzelmann Carina , Müller Janis , Zech Fabian , Schütz Desiree , Koepke Lennart , Braun Elisabeth , Groß Rüdiger , Wettstein Lukas , Weil Tatjana , Weiss Johanna , Sauter Daniel , Münch Jan , Diofano Federica , Goffinet Christine , Catanese Alberto , Schön Michael , Boeckers Tobias , Stenger Steffen , Sato Kei , Just Steffen , Kleger Alexander , Sparrer Konstantin , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2 and 3) are thought to restrict numerous viral pathogens including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs). However, most evidence comes from single-round pseudovirus infection studies of cells that overexpress IFITMs. Here, we verified that artificial overexpression of IFITMs blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strikingly, however, endogenous IFITM expression was essential for efficient infection of genuine SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells. Our results indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein interacts with IFITMs and hijacks them for efficient viral entry. IFITM proteins were expressed and further induced by interferons in human lung, gut, heart and brain cells. Intriguingly, IFITM-derived peptides and targeting antibodies inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in human lung cells, cardiomyocytes and gut organoids. Our results show that IFITM proteins are important cofactors for SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cell types representing in vivo targets for viral transmission, dissemination and pathogenesis and suitable targets for therapeutic approaches.
A Fibular Notch Approach for the Treatment of Ankle Fractures Involving the Distal Tibial Plafond
Authors: Liu Tong , Cheng Yiheng , Qu Wenqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although efficacy is related to many factors, the surgical approach is one of the most important intervention factors for complex ankle fractures. Ankle fractures involving the distal tibial plafond frequently present a surgical challenge in choosing which incisions will be best for surgical treatment. Here we present an innovative fibular notch approach for the treatment of some specific ankle fractures and present a series of patients with either functional or radiographic outcomes.METHODS: Twenty two patients with distal tibial plafond fractures with concomitant fibular and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries were treated through a fibular notch approach in this retrospective study. The details of the surgical technique were reviewed from the operative notes. Relevant data were reviewed from the medical records. The quality of fractures and syndesmosis reduction was examined using CT scans, and lateral stability of the ankle was assessed by physical examination and stress radiographs. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) score was implemented for clinical functional assessment.RESULTS: All surgeries were successfully performed via the fibular notch approach as the primary approach with excellent intraoperative visualization. Postoperative radiography revealed satisfying restoration of all fractures and syndesmosis. All fractures healed with an average time of 17.3±3.6 weeks. Mild posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was present in 4 patients. The average AOFAS score was 88.8 at the last followup.CONCLUSIONS: The fibular notch approach is a safe and reliable approach for the treatment of specific ankle fractures involving the distal tibial plafond. This approach provides excellent direct visualization of the fragments and articular surface without significantly increasing iatrogenic injuries. Satisfactory radiographic and clinical results were observed, and further clinical and anatomical studies are recommended to ascertain the feasibility of this approach in the treatment of complex distal tibial fractures.
The Efficacy and Safety of Anti-bodies Targeting PD-1 for Treatment in Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Yao , Guan Lulu , Xu Mengli , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: A novel therapy based on programed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors has been proved to be effective in advanced esophageal cancer. This article is a meta-analysis aiming to compare the efﬁcacy and safety of anti-PD-1 therapy with chemotherapy in esophageal cancer.Patients and methods: Data were collected from eligible studies searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) was estimated to assess the efﬁcacy of PD-1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy. The subgroup analysis were also performed to evaluate the OS benefits. The OR for occurrence of treatment-related adverse effect was calculated to assess the safety of anti-PD-1 therapy.Results: A total of 4 studies were analyzed. Compared with patients with chemotherapy, patients with anti-PD-1 therapy had a signiﬁcant improvement in OS (HR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88, P<0.001), but no signiﬁcant relationship was observed in PFS (HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.76-1.20, P=0.69) and ORR (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 0.98-3.72, P=0.06). A similar result was observed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The significant predictor for treatment benefit with combination therapy versus chemotherapy alone were histology (P=0.009). The incidence of grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse effect in anti-PD-1 therapy was distinctly lower than that in chemotherapy, but there is no statistical difference in all treatment-related adverse effect.Conclusion: Anti-PD-1 therapy signiﬁcantly prolonged the OS, simultaneously lowered grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse effect versus chemotherapy.
Ebola Virus VP35 Hijacks PKA-CREB1 Pathway for Replication and Pathogenesis by AKIP1 Association
Authors: Cao Cheng , Zhu Lin , Gao Ting , Liu Xuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), one of the deadliest viruses, is the cause of fatal Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF)1,2. The underlying mechanism of viral replication and EBOV-related hemorrhage is not fully understood. Here, we show that EBOV VP35, a cofactor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, binds human A kinase interacting protein (AKIP1), which consequently activates protein kinase A (PKA) and PKA-downstream transcription factor CREB1. During EBOV infection, CREB1 is recruited into EBOV ribonucleoprotein complexes in viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) and employed for viral replication. AKIP1 depletion or PKA-CREB1 inhibition dramatically impairs EBOV replication. Meanwhile, the transcription of several coagulation-related genes, including THBD and SERPINB2, is substantially upregulated by VP35-dependent CREB1 activation, which may contribute to EBOV-related hemorrhage. The finding that EBOV VP35 hijacks the host PKA-CREB1 signal axis for viral replication and pathogenesis provides novel potential therapeutic approaches against Ebola virus disease.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Maternal Health Care Utilization in Kailahun District, Sierra Leone, 2020
Authors: Kangbai Desmond , Bandoh Delia Akosua , Manu Alexander , Kangbai Joetrice , Kenu Ernest , Addo-Lartey Adolphina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ascertaining the key determinants of maternal healthcare service utilization and their relative importance is critical to priority setting in policy development. Sierra Leone has one of the world’s highest maternal death ratios in the context of a weak health system. The objectives of this study were to determine; the level of utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC), Skilled Delivery Attendants (SDA), Postnatal Care (PNC) services, and factors that influence the utilization of these services.METHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study involving 554 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had at least one delivery in the last 3 years and lived in the Kailahun District, Sierra Leone from November 2019 to October 2020. Stata IC version 15.0 was used to analyse factors affecting maternal care utilization use.RESULTS: The median age of respondents was 25 years (Q1=17 years, Q3=30 years). Eighty-nine percent (89%) had 4 or more ANC visits. Only 35.9% of women were delivered by SDA. Women residing in urban areas had over six-fold increased odds of utilizing SDA as compared to women residing in rural areas (AOR=6.20, 95% CI=3.61-10.63). Women whose husbands had a primary level of education had 2.38 times increased odds of utilizing SDA than women whose husbands had no education (AOR=2.38, 95% CI=1.30-4.35). Women that walked longer distances (30-60 minutes) to seek healthcare had 2.98 times increased odds of utilizing SBA than those that walked shorter distances (<30 minutes) (AOR=2.98, 95% CI=1.67-5.33). Women who had a secondary/vocational level of education had 2.35 times increased odds of utilizing the standard PNC category as compared to those with no education (OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.19-4.63).CONCLUSION: The majority of women had 4 or more ANC visits yet the use of skilled birth attendants was low. Urban residence and education were significantly associated with the use of the standard PNC category. Education level and occupation of women, Husband's education, urban residence, and longer distance to health facilities were significant determinants of SDA use. To improve the utilization of maternal health care services, national healthcare policies should target the advancement of education, rural infrastructure, and the empowerment of women.