bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS YANG MEMILIKI KEWENANGAN PPAT DALAM PEMBUATAN SURAT KUASA MEMBEBANKAN HAK TANGGUNGAN
Authors: Waringga Y. Stefanie , Sentot Sudarwanto Albertus 
Published: February 2021

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to review the responsibilities of a notary who has a position as an Acting Land Acting Officer (PPAT) in making a Power of Attorney to Charge Mortgage. This legal research uses empirical research methods, namely examining primary data in the field then proceed with secondary data. SKMHT must be made with a notary deed or deed of Land Deed Maker (PPAT), this is in line with what has been written and stipulated in Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Underwriting Rights (UUHT). Making SKMHT made by a notary is guided by Article 38 of Act Number 2 of 2014 juncto Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position, whereas if the manufacture is carried out by PPAT then follow the rules stated in the Regulation of the Head of National Land Agency Number 8 2012 (Perkaban 8/2012). The implementation of related regulations that have been written and stipulated is in fact there is a conflict issue, namely that there is a provision of notaries required to make SKMHT using the SKMHT format which is regulated in Perkaban Number 8 of 2012.<br />Keywords: Responsible; Notary; PPAT; Deed of Power of Attorney to Charge Mortgage</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji mengenai tanggung jawab notaris yang memiliki jabatan sebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) di dalam membuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT). Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, yaitu meneliti data primer di lapangan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan data sekunder. SKMHT wajib dibuat dengan akta notaris atau akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), hal ini selaras dengan yang telah tertulis dan ditetapkan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan (UUHT). Pembuatan SKMHT yang dibuat oleh notaris berpedoman pada Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 juncto UndangUndang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris, sedangkan apabila pembuatannya dilakukan oleh PPAT maka mengikuti aturan yang telah tertera di dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 (Perkaban 8/2012). Implementasi regulasi terkait yang telah ditulis dan ditetapkan tersebut nyatanya justru terdapat persoalan, yakni bahwa ada ketentuan notaris diwajibkan membuat SKMHT dengan menggunakan format SKMHT yang diatur di dalam Perkaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012.<br />Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab; Notaris; PPAT; Akta SKMHT</p>
State Preemption: An Emerging Threat to Local Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation
Authors: Crosbie Eric , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Wright Kathrine E. , Hoeper Samantha , Schmidt Laura 
Published: February 2021

We sought to examine the strategies promoting and countering state preemption of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes in the United States. Using Crosbie and Schmidt’s tobacco preemption framework, we analyzed key tactics used by the SSB industry to achieve state preemption of local taxes identified in news sources, industry Web sites, government reports, and public documents. Starting in 2017, 4 states rejected and 4 passed laws preempting local SSB taxes. The beverage industry attempted to secure state preemption through front groups and trade associations, lobbying key policymakers, inserting preemptive language into other legislation, and issuing legal threats and challenges. The public health community’s response is in the early stages of engaging in media advocacy, educating policymakers, mobilizing national collaboration, and expanding legal networks. State preemption of local SSB taxes is in the early stages but will likely scale up as local tax proposals increase. The public health community has a substantial role in proactively working to prevent preemption concurrent with health policy activity and using additional strategies successfully used in tobacco control to stop preemption diffusion.
US State Disparities in Life Expectancy, Disability-Free Life Expectancy, and Disabled Life Expectancy Among Adults Aged 25 to 89 Years
Authors: Farina Mateo P. , Zajacova Anna , Montez Jennifer Karas , Hayward Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives. To estimate total life expectancy (TLE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), and disabled life expectancy (DLE) by US state for women and men aged 25 to 89 years and examine the cross-state patterns.Methods. We used data from the 2013–2017 American Community Survey and the 2017 US Mortality Database to calculate state-specific TLE, DFLE, and DLE by gender for US adults and hypothetical worst- and best-case scenarios.Results. For men and women, DFLEs and DLEs varied widely by state. Among women, DFLE ranged from 45.8 years in West Virginia to 52.5 years in Hawaii, a 6.7-year gap. Men had a similar range. The gap in DLEs across states was 2.4 years for women and 1.6 years for men. The correlation among DFLE, DLE, and TLE was particularly strong in southern states. The South is doubly disadvantaged: residents have shorter lives and spend a greater proportion of those lives with disability.Conclusions. The stark variation in DFLE and DLE across states highlights the large health inequalities present today across the United States, which have significant implications for individuals’ well-being and US states’ financial costs and medical care burden.
A study of the correlation between M2 macrophages and lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanping , Wang Jikun , Yang Chunyu , Wang Yue , Liu Jinhao , Shi Zuoxiu , Chen Yanlei , Feng Yang , Ma Xueqian , Qiao Shifeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Lymph node metastasis is a major prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma and an important indicator for individualized treatment. M2 macrophages play a key role in carcinogenesis and tumor development, not only enhancing invasiveness, but also promoting lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CD163-positive M2 macrophages on lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.Methods: Postoperative lymph node tissues were obtained from 120 patients with colorectal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2019 and May 2020. We detected the expression of the CD163 protein in lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the relationship between M2 macrophages identified by this marker and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the independent sample T-test and Chi-square test.Results: M2 macrophages were increased not only in metastatic lymph nodes, but also in non-metastatic lymph nodes adjacent to the cancer. The M2 macrophage count was higher in patients with macro-metastases than in those with micro-metastases.Conclusions: M2 macrophages represent an important factor for the promotion of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma, and may be a potential marker for its prediction. This may offer a new target for the comprehensive treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
Biomass Derived Activated Carbon/Epoxy Composite as Microwave Absorbing Material
Authors: Negi Praveen , Kumar Ashavani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Herein, activated carbon/epoxy composite was synthesized, in which waste mango leaves biomass were used as carbon source. To create a sufficient amount of porosity in the biomass, a simple process of carbonization followed by its activation was used. The morphology and porosity of activated carbon material were studied by SEM, TEM images and BET analysis, which confirmed the presence of macro and mesopores in the material. The activated carbon/epoxy composite having 3 mm thickness gave the highest Reflection Loss (RL) of -39.57 dB at 6.48 GHz. At a thickness of just 2 mm the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) of 2.14 GHz was achieved. This excellent microwave absorption performance was attributed to large surface area due to porous and bowl type structures, which resulted in high impedance matching and subsequent attenuation of microwaves by interfacial and dipolar polarization. Present study provides porous activated carbon/epoxy composite that is cost effective, lightweight and has high structural stability for microwave absorption applications.
Frequency and importance of blush in lung contusion in patients with blunt trauma: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Tominaga Naoki , Hayakawa Mineji , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The high mortality rate in patients with blunt chest trauma remains a problem. The assessment of blush in hepatic and splenic trauma is important because it indicates the need for emergency hemostatic intervention. However, the frequency and importance of blush in lung contusions are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of blush in the lung contusion and the relationship between blush and the clinical outcome of patients with blunt chest trauma.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients with an injury severity score of 16 or higher and a chest abbreviated injury scale of 3 or higher who were admitted to the emergency department of Hokkaido University Hospital from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2016. Blush was defined as an active extravasation image of an intravascular contrast agent recognized on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Date of trauma severity, various treatments, and outcomes were recorded from the electrical medical records of the patients.Results: During the study period, 83 patients had severe lung contusions and 12 patients had blush. In-hospital mortality of patients with blush was significantly higher than that of patients without blush. Patients with blush required support through mechanical ventilation more frequently and for a longer duration than patients without blush.Conclusion: Our study revealed that blush in the lung contusions was not rare and was associated with a high risk of mortality in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. We should not hesitate to intervene if a blush of the lung contusion was detected in a patient with blunt chest trauma.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene rs1801133 polymorphism and essential hypertension risk from a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Fan Yingchao , Wu Liting , Wenfang Zhuang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Essential hypertension (EH) is common and multifactorial disorders likely to be influenced by multiple genes. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene rs1801133 polymorphism is related to MTHFR enzyme activity and to plasma homocysteine concentration. In addition, variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of EH. So far, larger number of studies between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH have provided controversial or inconclusive results. To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 50 publications.
Methods

Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess this association.
Results

Overall, increased significant associations were detected between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH risk (such as T vs. C: OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.24–1.52, P = 0.000), the same as in race subgroup (Asian: T vs. C: OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.29–1.67, P = 0.000; China: T vs. C: OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.30–1.74, P = 0.000). Similar associations were also found in source of control and genotype methods subgroups.
Conclusions

Our study showed evidence that MTHFR rs1801133 null genotype may increase EH risk. Future studies with larger sample size are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.
Plant community response to fuel break and goat grazing in southern California
Authors: Grupenhoff Ashley , Molinari Nicole 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: California is a global biodiversity hotspot, yet increased urbanization of wildlands, warming temperatures, and invasion of nonnative species pose serious risks to these areas due to an increase in wildfire frequency. Fuel management is a tool for reducing fire risk to neighboring communities and natural resources that involves a two-step process requiring an initial reduction of woody vegetation followed by a repeated control of woody plants and reduction of herbaceous cover. To understand the compositional and structural changes resulting from fuel treatment methods in southern California chaparral, we evaluated the compositional and structural impacts of a recently created fuel break established around the Lake Morena community on the Cleveland National Forest. The area was initially treated with cut and pile burning, then treated with herbicide, and lastly grazed by 1,200 goats. The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate the compositional and structural differences associated with the initial fuel break, and (2) quantify compositional shifts in herbaceous and woody vegetation caused by goat grazing over time. Results: Plots on fuel breaks and in adjacent wildlands exhibited significantly different species assemblages. Total herbaceous cover (both native and nonnative) was 92 times greater on fuel breaks than in adjacent chaparral-dominated wildlands and native shrub cover was 55.3 times greater in adjacent wildlands than on fuel breaks. Goats had a significant impact on reducing native and nonnative herb cover (87% reduction in cover, 92% reduction in height), but were ineffective at reducing the cover and height of most woody species such as Adenostoma fasciculatum, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Quercus berberidifolia, and Artemisia tridentata. However, goats were found to be effective in controlling nonnative grasses including Bromus diandrus and Bromus madritensis. Conclusion: Initial fuel break creation was effective at reducing wood biomass and height, simultaneously giving rise to an abundance and diversity of native and nonnative herbaceous species. Although targeted goat grazing was successful at reducing herbaceous biomass, it was ineffective at reducing woody biomass which is often one of the most important goals for fuel management in chaparral ecosystems.
Fabrication of TiO2/CdS heterostructure photoanodes and optimization of light scattering to improve the photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Revathi S. , Jeyakumari A Pricilla 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, the TiO2/CdS photoanodes based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have shown extraordinary developments in the photo conversion efficiency. In this report, pristine TiO2, CdS and various molar ratios of TiO2/CdS photoanodes were prepared by one step microwave irradiation route and followed by doctor blade method. The sheet like morphology of the TiO2 and CdS nanoparticles were clearly evident from the SEM and TEM images. A significant reduction band gap with enhanced light absorption and rapid prevention of electron hole pair was explored by UV-DRS and PL studies. The photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) and electrochemical impedance (EIS) characteristics were analyzed for assembled solar cell. The photo-conversion efficiency of 12.8% was obtained with the configuration TiO2/CdS (200 mg) that represent a 2.5 fold increment compared to bare TiO2 (5.33%) as well as commercial Pt (6.11%). The experimental results are discussed.
An Empirical Study of Trade Status and Determinants between China and "One Belt- One Road" Countries- Based on Trade gravity Model
Authors: Zhang Qiannan , He XiaoNa , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
“One Road-One Belt”, (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) reminiscent of the Silk Road, is a massive infrastructure and trade project, initiated by China; that would stretch from East Asia to Europe, somehow recognized by the international community. Despite of criticism of this project, it is considered as an effective tool for promoting regional and bilateral trade deals. In this paper we have pointed out the problems that hindered the bilateral trades among countries along the route. Based on Trade gravity Model; bilateral trade model between China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” was empirically tested in the article, followed by some suggestions.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic-validated Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire for the assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in patients on home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Zeineldine Salah , Alawieh Marwan , Khatib Mohamad , Bzeih Rania , Ghandour Lilian , Sibai Abla 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives:Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency requiring Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) needs a valid measurement tool. The Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) questionnaire, originally developed in German, has been translated into different languages and tested in different contexts, except in Arabic-speaking populations of Arab world. The objective of this study is to validate the Arabic version of the SRI questionnaire from its original German version.Methods:Forward/backward translations between German and Arabic were conducted. The final Arabic version was administered to 149 patients (53 males - 96 females, age 69.8±10 years) receiving HMV recruited from outpatient clinics. Patients were scheduled for a home visit during which the Arabic SRI and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires were administered; data on sociodemographic and medical history were also collected. Dimensionality internal construct validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis; internal consistency of the unidimensional scale and its subscales was also assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. External nomological validity was tested by assessing correlation between the SRI and SF-36 questionnaires.Results:PCA scree plot indicated the presence of only one factor that explained 63% of the total variability. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was 0.897 (ranged between 0.73 and 0.87 for all subscales). Correlation between the SRI and SF-36 was highest amongst comparable subscales yielding r=0.81 and r=0.74 (P < 0.01).Conclusion & Recommendations:The Arabic SRI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing HRQL in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency receiving home mechanical ventilation.
Potential impact of scaling adaptation strategies for drought stress: a case of drought-tolerant maize varieties in Tanzania
Authors: Rahut Dil Bahadur , Aryal Jeetendra Prakash , Gesimu Girma , Mawia Harriet , Simtowe Late Franklin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drought-tolerant maize varieties (DTMVs) offer hope as an adaptation strategy for farmers facing increasing frequency of droughts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, these varieties are not yet widely cultivated, and the potential economic benefits not fully understood. Using predicted potential levels of scalability of DTMVs, we assess the potential economic impacts of investing in drought-tolerant maize varieties in Tanzania. The study uses household production and consumption data from major regions in Tanzania. The results from the economic surplus model indicate that by 2032, the adoption of DTMVs could generate between US$ 373 million and US$ 499 million in cumulative benefits for both producers and consumers. Such benefits could potentially lift up to 1.6 million people out of poverty by 2032. It is estimated that consumers would get 40% of the benefits and producers 60%, with the largest benefits occurring in the major maize-producing regions of Mbeya, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Mwanza, Arusha, and Kagera. Consumers in Dar es Salaam would also benefit significantly from the price reductions resulting from increased production. The largest returns on investment would occur in Dodoma, Geita, Simiyu, Singida, and Kagera. These findings justify the investment of both public and private funds to support the scaling of DTMVs in Tanzania.
Study on Component Characteristic Correction Algorithm of Turbofan Engine
Authors: LIU Shuai , Wei WANG , Jie BAI , ShiJie DAI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The optimization of component characteristics is an important part of the research on model modification of turbofan engine. This paper studied three kinds of modification and optimization algorithms: genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution algorithm (DE) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), and made a comparative analysis on the principles of the algorithms. In addition, the DGEN380 turbofan engine component model was taken as the research object to test and compare the modification performance of each algorithm. The results show that：compared with GA, DE algorithm and PSO algorithm have higher adaptability to multi-objective and multi-parameter correction, the success rate can reach 100%, the error is kept within 1%, and the convergence ability is strong. Compared with the other two algorithms, the solving speed of PSO algorithm is more influenced by the initial parameters. This conclusion can provide an important reference for selecting and improving the algorithm.
In silico mapping in an oil palm breeding program reveals a quantitative and complex genetic resistance to Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Daval Aurélie , Pomiès Virginie , Squin Sandrine Le , Denis Marie , Riou Virginie , Breton Frederic , Nopariansyah  , Bink Marco , Cochard Benoît , Jacob Florence , Billotte Norbert , Tisné Sébastien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is the major threat to oil palm cultivation in South-East Asia, which accounts for 80% of palm oil production worldwide, and this disease is increasing in Africa. The use of resistant planting material as part of an integrated pest management of this disease is one sustainable solution. However, breeding for Ganoderma resistance requires long-term and costly research, which could greatly benefit from marker assisted selection (MAS). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of an in silico genetic mapping approach that took advantage of extensive data recorded in an ongoing breeding program. A pedigree-based QTL mapping approach applied to more than 10 years’ worth of data collected during pre-nursery tests revealed the quantitative nature of Ganoderma resistance and identified underlying loci segregating in genetic diversity that is directly relevant for the breeding program supporting the study. To assess the consistency of QTL effects between pre-nursery and field environments, information was collected on the disease status of the genitors planted in genealogical gardens and modeled with pre-nursery-based QTL genotypes. In the field, individuals were less likely to be infected with Ganoderma when they carried more favorable alleles at the pre-nursery QTL. Our results pave the way for a MAS of Ganoderma resistant and high yielding planting material and the provided proof-of-concept of this efficient and cost-effective approach could motivate similar studies based on diverse breeding programs.
Should Spring Water Cysts of the Mediastinum Require Excisional Resection?
Authors: Kiya Soichiro , Nakamoto Kembu , Fujii Toshiyuki , Sakka Eriko , Tsutsumi Yousuke , Yoshida Kazuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Complete surgical excision is the standard therapy for mediastinal cysts. Translucent cysts containing crystal-clear fluid are called “spring water cysts.” We considered that these cysts can be treated adequately using fenestration with minimal bleeding and damage to existing structures. We experienced a case of mediastinal spring water cyst fenestrated under video-assisted thoracoscopy with a miniaturized endoscope (mini-VATS), instead of excisional resection. Fenestration of the non-neoplastic mediastinal cyst under mini-VATS might be a less invasive radical procedure and an alternative to complete resection. We discuss the indication for surgery and the surgical procedure for non-neoplastic mediastinal cyst with crystal-clear fluid.