bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Uterosacral Ligament Suspension versus Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation for Apical Prolapse: Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Gabra Martina , Winget Veronica , Torabi Mohammad T , Addis Ilana , Hatch Kenneth , Heusinkveld John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Pelvic organ prolapse can be repaired vaginally or laparoscopically. Studies comparing vaginal repair with sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) or uterosacral ligament suspension (V-USLS) have found no difference in functional or adverse outcomes. Laparoscopic USLS (L-USLS) is becoming a popular treatment for pelvic organ prolapse because it has a low rate of ureteral compromise. To date, no studies have compared perioperative outcomes between L-USLS and SSLF. The objective of this study is to compare the rates of perioperative complications (intraoperative and postoperative complications) between these two methods.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 243 consecutive patients who underwent L-USLS or SSLF at one institution between 3/2017 and 8/2019 for apical pelvic organ prolapse. Descriptive data was analyzed as appropriate with student t-tests and Chi Square. Univariable Logistic Regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of perioperative complications.Results: Preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Stage (POP-Q) was similar between the two cohorts (p=0.23). After adjusting for confounding factors, L-USLS was associated with a longer operative time (118 vs 142 min, p <0.01) and shorter length of hospitalization (0.68 vs 1.06 days, p <0.01). The estimated blood loss between the procedures was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounding factors. There was no difference in perioperative complication rates between L-USLS and SSLF (5% vs 7%, p = 0.55). No clinical risk factors were significantly associated with perioperative complications.Conclusion: We did not find a difference in complications between L-USLS and SSLF.
ERK5 Transmits Shear Force Stimulation Signals of Chondrocyte Cultured in an Optimized in Vitro Shear Force Model
Authors: Song Jin-qi , Wang Xue-bing , Huang Ding-gen , Deng Xue-feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, cartilage arthritis caused by cartilage tissue damage is difficult to treat due to the slow regeneration of cartilage tissue. In recent years, the orthopedic researches dedicate to promote the regeneration process. Recent reports reveal that appropriate shear force stimulation will exhibit an acceleration on proliferation and phenotypic differentiation of chondrocytes. At the same time, recent advances in 3D printing technology have made autologous cartilage tissue transplantation possible in clinical. Since the in vitro culture of autologous chondrocytes can provide a large amount of cell materials for clinical treatment, the optimization of in vitro culture conditions has become an urgent problem to be solved. For this reason, this study introduced an in vitro fluid shear force loading system and explored a set of optimal shear force parameters. Result: On the basis of these parameters, the in vitro proliferation speed and phenotypic differentiation level of chondrocytes are better than that of static culture. In addition, we used RNA interference to reduce the expression of ERK5 and proved that ERK5 is a key factor for chondrocytes to transmit shear force stimulation signals. Conclusion: These results have the opportunity to provide a theoretical basis for in vitro culture of chondrocytes and clinical treatment of cartilage injury.
Nigella sativa itself and as a part of a balm inhibits activity of purified 20S proteasome
Authors: Tkach Y. M. , Tkach I. Y. , Beketova H. V. , Pashevin D. O. , Nagibin Vasyl S. , Dosenko V. E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background.

Ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal proteolysis is the perspective target for the therapy of the high amount of different diseases. the special attention is paid to the therapy of inflammatory processes of both origins: infection and aseptic. Besides proteolytic processing of the inhibitor of NFkappaB proteasome is important for activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and neutrophil extrcellular traps (NETs) formation. Basing on the mentioned above information we have evaluated some plant extracts included in the medical compound «Healthy Tonsils» that is used for the treatment of the chronic tonsillitis for their ability to inhibit activity of 20S proteasome.
Methods.

For in vitro experiments the purified 20S proteasome was used. 20S proteasome was incubated for 30 minutes at 36 C degrees in a mixture with phytobalm components. After the next 30 minutes of incubation with 6 microM solution of corresponded fluorogenic substrates the measurement of fluorescence products was performed (exciting/emission wave length was 360/440) on the spectrofluorimeter Hitachi-4000 with the use of free 7-amido-4-methylcoumarine for a standard curve.
Results.

In the same concentrations the compounds investigated has demonstrated different ability to inhibit activity of purified 20S proteasome. The most effective compound was the extract of Nigella sativa that inhibits chemotrypsin-like and caspase-like activities of purified 20S proteasome on 69 % and 85 % correspondingly.
Conclusions.

Thus, our results allow to explaine the anti-inflammatory activity of phytobalm particularly by ability of some of its compounds to inhibit proteasomal proteolysis.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool (3-6 Years)
Authors: Serrano-Gallén Guiomar , Palencia Natalia María Arias , González-Víllora Sixto , Gil-López Víctor , Solera-Martínez Monserrat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPhysical Activity (PA), body composition and fitness in children has been associated with short and long-term health benefits. However, little research that analizes these variables focuses on the Preschool Education stage. For this reason, the aim of this research is to study the relationship between PA, fatness and fitness in the Preschool Education stage (3-6 years).MethodsThis study included 230 children (109 boys and 121 girls) aged 3 to 5 years old with a mean age of 4.92±0.84. Body composition and fitness were assessed using PREFIT battery and a sit and reach test. For the multiple linear regression models of this study, we only included a total of 151 (65.65%) children in which PA levels were measured using accelerometers for seven days.ResultsThere were differences in the fitness test between boys and girls. There were not significant differences in fitness tests between normal-weight and over-weight children, except in handgrip strength in which over-weight children had better results. There was no significant association between body composition and PA subcomponents. Higher PA levels were related with better physical fitness values.DiscussionThe few studies that have studied the relationship between fatness, physical fitness and PA in Preschool have had controversial results. These differences might be caused by different reasons: different tests, age of the participants, sample size, study design, etc. were used.ConclusionsPA is associated with better physical fitness performance in Preschool children, although fitness is also influenced by sex in these ages. Thus, generally, except in the case of flexibility, boys obtained better results in fitness tests than girls. However, body composition does not seem to be related to PA or sex in Preschool children.
Surfactant protein A /D-CD14 is Associated with Phagocytosis of Nanomaterials and Cytokine Production by Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Xu Jiegou , Wang Qiqi , Wang Qiong , Zhao Ziyue , Fan Jingbo , Qin Linghan , Alexander David B. , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Zhao Dahai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Alveolar macrophages are responsible for clearance of airborne dust and pathogens. How they recognize and phagocytose a variety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with different properties is an important issue for safety assessment of ENMs. Surfactant-associated proteins, specifically existing in the pulmonary surfactant, are important opsonins for phagocytosis of airborne microorganisms. The purposes of the current study are to understand whether opsonization of ENMs by surfactant-associated proteins promotes phagocytosis of ENMs and cytokine production and to find out a common pathway for ENMs with different properties. Results: 4 ENMs including MWCNT-7, TIO2, SIO2, and fullerene C60, each with different shape, size, chemical composition and surface reactivity, were chosen for the study. Short-term pulmonary exposure of MWCNT-7, TIO2, SIO2, and C60 induced inflammation in the rat lung, and most of the administered ENMs were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. The ENMs were phagocytosed by isolated primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro, which was enhanced by the rat bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), suggesting that proteins in BALF were associated with the phagocytosis. Further analysis of the 4 ENMs-bound proteins by LC/MS indicated that surfactant-associated proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) were common binding proteins for all the 4 ENMs. Like BALF, SP-A, but not SP-D, enhanced TNF-a production in the MWCNT-7-treated PAMs; both SP-A and SP-D increased IL-b production in the TIO2-or SIO2-stimulated PAMs; while SP-A and SP-D enhanced IL-6 production in the C60-stimulated PAMs. Knockdown of CD14, a receptor for SP-A/D, significantly reduced the cytokine production and ENMs phagocytosis. Conclusions: These results indicate that SP-A/D can opsonize all the studied ENMs to enhance phagocytosis of the ENMs by alveolar macrophages through CD14, suggesting that SP-A/D-CD14 is a common pathway mediating phagocytosis of ENMs. Cytokine production induced by ENMs, however, is dependent on what an ENM is phagocytosed. Our results are helpful for the understanding of clearance of ENMs by alveolar macrophages and mechanisms of different ENMs-induced lung toxicity.
Formation of the Maoniuping giant REE deposit: Constraints from mineralogy and in situ bastnäsite U-Pb geochronology
Authors: Weng Qiang , Yang Wu-Bin , Niu He-Cai , Li Ning-Bo , Mitchell Roger H. , Zurevinski Shannon , Wu Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The time and processes of hydrothermal mineralization are long-standing problems in geology. This work addresses these questions with reference to the Maoniuping giant rare earth elements (REE) deposit (southwest China), which has rare earth oxides (REO) reserves of 3.17 million tons with an average grade of 2.95 wt%. Bastnäsite is the dominant economic mineral, occurring as four distinct paragenetic types in the Maoniuping syenite–carbonatite complex: (1) primary euhedral bastnäsite (type-A) in syenite, with isolated melt inclusions; (2) macro-crystalline tabular euhedral bastnäsite (type-B) in pegmatitic dikes, with a diverse variety of fluid inclusions; (3) fine-grained, anhedral veinlet-disseminated bastnäsite (type-C) in syenite; and (4) coarse-grained anhedral bastnäsite (type-D) in carbonatite dikes, occurring as veinlets or interstitial to calcite, fluorite, and barite. From the paragenetic and compositional variations, it is inferred that type-A bastnäsite is of primary magmatic origin, whereas the other three types have characteristics of hydrothermal origins. In situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology of the four types of bastnäsite results in lower intercept ages of 28.2 ± 0.5 Ma (n = 95, MSWD = 5.10), 27.8 ± 0.4 Ma (n = 43, MSWD = 0.73), 26.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 50, MSWD = 0.83), and 25.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 55, MSWD = 1.70), respectively, which are consistent with the weighted average 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th ages by 207Pb-correction method. Compositional variations of clinopyroxene and apatite from the associated syenite, pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes indicate a genetic relationship of the Maoniuping alkaline complex. The compositions of clinopyroxene range from Ae44–67Di14–18Hd17–41 in pegmatitic dikes, Ae43–66Di6–20Hd21–38 in carbonatitic dikes to Ae68–90Di0–3Hd10–30 in syenite. Apatites in the pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes have similar compositions with higher F, total REE, and Sr, and lower CaO contents than those in the syenite, which suggests a cogenetic origin for the associated pegmatite and carbonatite. Clinopyroxene and apatite compositions suggest that the pegmatitic melt might differentiate directly from the initial carbonatitic melt rather than the syenitic magma. The bastnäsite U-Pb geochronology and minerals data indicate continuous magmatic-hydrothermal evolution for the REE mineralization in the Maoniuping alkaline complex.
1,4-dioxane degradation using a pulsed switching peroxi-coagulation process
Authors: Lu Yaobin , Shi Hualei , Yao Jialiang , Liu Guangli , Luo Haiping , Zhang Renduo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Widely used in chemical product manufacture, 1,4-dioxane is one of the emerging contaminants, and it poses great risk to human health and the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to degrade 1,4-dioxiane using a pulsed switching peroxi-coagulation (PSPC) process. The electrosynthesis of H2O2 on cathode and Fe2+ production on iron sacrifice anode were optimized to enhance the 1,4-dioxane degradation. Under current densities of 5 mA/cm2 (H2O2) and 1 mA/cm2 (Fe2+), 95.3 ± 2.2% of 200 mg/L 1,4-dioxane was removed at the end of 120 min operation with the optimal pulsed switching frequency of 1.43 Hz and pH of 5.0. The low residual H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations were attributed to the high pulsed switching frequency in the PSPC process, resulting in effectively inhibiting the side reaction during the ·OH production and improving the 1,4-dioxane removal with low energy consumption. At 120 min, the minimum energy consumption in the PSPC process was less than 20% of that in the conventional electro-Fenton process (7.8 ± 0.1 vs. 47.0 ± 0.6 kWh/kg). The PSPC should be a promising alternative for enhancing 1,4-dioxane removal in the real wastewater treatment.
Graph Indices for Cartesian Product of F-sum of Connected Graphs
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Imran Muhammad , Baby Shakila , Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad Afzal , Shafiq Muhammad Kashif 
Published: February 2021

Background:A topological index is a real number associated with a graph that provides information about its physical and chemical properties and their correlations. Topological indices are being used successfully in Chemistry, Computer Science, and many other fields.Aim and Objective:In this article, we apply the well-known Cartesian product on F-sums of connected and finite graphs. We formulate sharp limits for some famous degree-dependent indices.Results:Zagreb indices for the graph operations T(G), Q(G), S(G), R(G), and their F-sums have been computed. By using orders and sizes of component graphs, we derive bounds for Zagreb indices, F-index, and Narumi-Katayana index.Conclusion:The formulation of expressions for the complicated products on F-sums, in terms of simple parameters like maximum and minimum degrees of basic graphs, reduces the computational complexities.
Effective Downregulation of BCR-ABL Tumorigenicity by RNA Targeted CRISPR-Cas13a
Authors: Singh Aditya , Bhatia Prateek 
Published: February 2021

Aim:
To induce BCR-ABL gene silencing using CRISPR Cas13a.

Background:
CML is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells driven by a reciprocal
translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 forming a BCR-ABL fusion gene. Tyrosine-
kinase inhibitor drugs like imatinib are the mainstay of treatment and cases resistant to these
drugs have a poor prognosis in the absence of a compatible stem-cell donor. However with rapid
advancements in gene-editing technologies most studies are now focusing on developing a translational
model targeting single-gene disorders with a prospective permanent cure.

Objective:
To explore the potential application of the RNA targeting CRISPR-Cas13a system for
effective knockdown of BCR-ABL fusion transcript in a CML cell line K562.

Methods:
CRISPR Cas13a crRNA was designed specific to the chiCRISPR Cas13a crRNA was designed specific to the chimeric BCR-ABL gene and the
system was transfected as a two-plasmid system into a CML cell line K562. The effects were enumerated
by evaluating the expression levels of downstream genes dependent on the expression of
the BCR-ABL gene. Also next-generation sequencing was used to ascertain the effects of CRISPR
on the gene.meric BCR-ABL gene and the system was transfected as a two-plasmid system into a CML cell line, K562. The effects were enumerated by evaluating the expression levels of downstream genes dependent on the expression of the BCR-ABL gene. Also, next-generation sequencing was used to ascertain the effects of CRISPR on the gene.

Results:
The CRISPR system was successfully able to lower the expression of downstream genes
[pCRKL and pCRK] dependent on the activated BCR-ABL kinase signal by up-to 4.3 folds. The viability
of the CRISPR-treated cells was also significantly lowered by 373.83-fold [p-value=
0.000891196]. The time-dependent kinetics also highlighted the significant in-vitro suppressive activity
to last up to 8 weeks [p-value: 0.025]. As per the cDNA sequencing data from the Oxford
MinION next-generation sequencer the CRISPR treated cells show 62.37% suspected cleaved
reads.

Conclusion:
These preliminary results highlight an excellent potential application of RNA targeting
CRISPRs in Haematological neoplasms like CML and should pave the way for further research
in this direction.
An Improved and Suitable Method for Large Scale Production of
α-Monochlorocyclodecanone
Authors: Ou Wenhua , Wang Ruolin , Liu Ruonan , Huang Hong 
Published: February 2021

:
α-Monochlorocyclododecanone was synthesized from cyclododecane and 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) catalyzed with silica gel in MeOH. The product was obtained by crystallization with nearly 85% yield. The presented method used cheap raw materials, mild reaction conditions, simple separation method and environment-friendly process. Additionally, the current synthesis provided an ideal approach for large-scale production.
Extract of Moringa concanensis Nimmo Leaves Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress, and Improves β-cell Function in Alloxan Monohydrate Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Singh Amerendra , Mishra Jai Narayan , Singh Santosh Kumar , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Paswan Shravan Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The ethanomedicinal importance of Moringa concanensis Nimmo plant is
reflected in the Ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine. It has vast usage in Ayurvedic preparation
and diabetes management.

Aims of the Study:
The research was centered on bringing out the hyperglycemic capabilities of
Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves, and their ethanolic extract (PE) on alloxan monohydrate
(AXM) induced diabetic rat model.

Materials and Methods:
Wistar rats were made diabetic by AXM and treated with PE (200 mg/kg
body weight) and glibenclamide as the standard drug. All essential parameters like fasting blood
glucose (FBS), post-prandial blood glucose (PPBS), AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH, and oxidative
stress markers were measured. Also, to observe β-cells structures, histology of the pancreas was
studied.

Results:
The non-toxicity of PE dose was confirmed by an acute toxicity study. This study model
helped determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of PE by decreasing FBS and PPBS levels in diabetic
rats. It also enhanced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and elevating the GSH and
SOD. The histopathological analysis helped us study the structural decay of β-cells of pancreatic
tissues in diabetic rats. PE potential was confirmed by serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, and
LDH as it showed a significant decrease in diabetic rats.

Conclusion:
It was confirmed from the data that PE is efficient in the governance and control of diabetes.
Therefore, there is a need to work at the molecular level to utilize its potential for the benefit
of society.
A Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion Equation for Image Restoration with Forward-backward Diffusivities
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Kumar Nitendra , Alam Khursheed 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In the image processing area, deblurring and denoising are the most challenging
hurdles. The deblurring image by a spatially invariant kernel is a frequent problem in the
field of image processing.

Methods:
For deblurring and denoising, the total variation (TV norm) and nonlinear anisotropic
diffusion models are powerful tools. In this paper, nonlinear anisotropic diffusion models for image
denoising and deblurring are proposed. The models are developed in the following manner: first
multiplying the magnitude of the gradient in the anisotropic diffusion model, and then apply priori
smoothness on the solution image by Gaussian smoothing kernel.

Results:
The finite difference method is used to discretize anisotropic diffusion models with forward-
backward diffusivities.

Conclusion:
The results of the proposed model are given in terms of the improvement.
Game-Based Learning Outcomes Among Physiotherapy Students: Comparative Study
Authors: Molina-Torres Guadalupe , Rodriguez-Arrastia Miguel , Alarcón Raquel , Sánchez-Labraca Nuria , Sánchez-Joya María , Roman Pablo , Requena Mar 
Published: February 2021

Background
University teaching methods are changing, and in response to a classical teacher-centered approach, new methods continue to strengthen knowledge acquisition by involving students more actively in their learning, thus achieving greater motivation and commitment.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the degree of satisfaction of physiotherapy students who used a board game–based approach, as well as to compare the difference between traditional and gamification teaching methods and their influence on the final evaluation of these students.

Methods
A comparative study was conducted. Participants were physiotherapy students who were enrolled in the subject of “physiotherapy in geriatric and adult psychomotricity” (n=59). They were divided into two groups (experimental [n=29] and control [n=30] groups) through convenience sampling. The experimental group received gamification lessons, where the students performed different tests adapted from Party&Co, and the control group received traditional lessons. A total of 16 theoretical lessons were received in both groups.

Results
The scores in the final examination of the subject were higher in the experimental group (mean 7.53, SD 0.95) than in the control group (mean 6.24, SD 1.34), showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=.001).

Conclusions
Overall, the “Physiotherapy Party” game not only stimulated learning and motivated students, but also improved learning outcomes among participants, and the improvements were greater than those among students who received traditional teaching.