bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Estimation of Intensive Margin Effects by Difference-in-Difference Methods
Authors: Hersche Markus , Moor Elias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses identification and estimation of causal intensive margin effects. The causal intensive margin effect is defined as the treatment effect on the outcome of individuals with a positive outcome irrespective of whether they are treated or not, and is of interest for outcomes with corner solutions. The main issue is to deal with a potential selection problem that arises when conditioning on positive outcomes. We propose using difference-in-difference methods - conditional on positive outcomes - to estimate causal intensive margin effects. We derive sufficient conditions under which the difference-in-difference estimator identifies the causal intensive margin effect. We apply the methodology to estimate the causal intensive margin effect of reaching the full retirement age on working hours.
Swarm Intelligence Optimization: An Exploration and Application of Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Cai Yinying , Sharma Amit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the agriculture development and growth, the efficient machinery and equipment plays an important role. Various research studies are involved in the implementation of the research and patents to aid the smart agriculture and authors and reviewers that machine leaning technologies are providing the best support for this growth. To explore machine learning technology and machine learning algorithms, the most of the applications are studied based on the swarm intelligence optimization. An optimized V3CFOA-RF model is built through V3CFOA. The algorithm is tested in the data set collected concerning rice pests, later analyzed and compared in detail with other existing algorithms. The research result shows that the model and algorithm proposed are not only more accurate in recognition and prediction, but also solve the time lagging problem to a degree. The model and algorithm helped realize a higher accuracy in crop pest prediction, which ensures a more stable and higher output of rice. Thus they can be employed as an important decision-making instrument in the agricultural production sector.
Phonological and morphological roles modulate the perception of consonant variants
Authors: Pycha Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study investigated how the perception of a sound is affected by its phonological and morphological roles within a word. We asked American English listeners (n = 24) to judge differences among phonetic variants of sounds [l], [n], [ɹ] in three word conditions: 1) at morpheme boundaries with a phonological process, such as [n] in down-ed, which triggers voicing agreement on the suffix, 2) internally without a process, such as [n] in mound, and 3) at morpheme boundaries alone, such as [n] in town-ship. We used Praat synthesis with different acoustic settings to create variants, e.g., [n]a, [n]b, [n]c, which were spliced into a base to produce three tokens, dow[n]a
ed, dow[n]b
ed, dow[n]c
ed. Identical variants were used across conditions (e.g., in condition 2: mou[n]a
d, mou[n]b
d
,
mou[n]c
d). On each trial, participants heard two tokens of the same word (e.g., dow[n]a
ed – dow[n]b
ed) and rated the difference between the target sound using a sliding scale with endpoints “0% (totally identical)” and “99% (totally different)”. Analysis with linear mixed-effects model revealed significant differences between ratings among all conditions, with the pattern township < downed < mound. These results suggest that a sound’s phonological and morphological roles within a word affect how people perceive it. We evaluate this finding in light of the differing predictions made by phoneme-based theories, which incorporate phonemes as a fundamental unit, versus exemplar theories, which argue that phonological units are emergent.
The Linguistic Idealism Question: Wittgenstein’s Method and his Rejection of Realism
Authors: Lagerspetz Olli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After the publication of Wittgenstein’s posthumous work the question was raised whether that work involved idealist tendencies. The debate also engaged Wittgenstein’s immediate students. Resistance to presumed idealist positions had been ideologically central to G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell and other representatives of realism and early analytic philosophy. While Wittgenstein disagreed with them in key respects, he accepted their tendentious definition of ‘idealism’ at face value and bequeathed it to his students. The greatest flaw in the Realists’ view on idealism was their assumption of symmetry between realist and idealist approaches. For Realists, the chief task of philosophy was to establish what kinds of thing exist, and they took Idealists to offer an alternative account of that. However, the Idealists’ guiding concern was rather to investigate the subjective conditions of knowledge. In this respect, Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophical method was closer to theirs than to that of the Realists. This is especially obvious in his rejection of Moore’s idea of immediate knowledge. Ultimately, the trouble with Wittgenstein was not that he endorsed any kind of idealist ontology. It was his refusal to deliver the expected realist ontological messages on the supposed question of whether reality is independent of language or otherwise.
Logischer Holismus und Wittgensteins „praktische Wende“
Authors: Franken Figueiredo Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLogical Holism and Wittgenstein’s ‘Practical Turn’. – Logical holism is the idea that each elementary proposition belongs to a system and is logically connected to other propositions of that system. In this paper I explore this idea and draw its connections to the nature of negative propositions and the ‘problem of recognition’ on the basis of Wittgenstein’sNachlass.In the first section I argue that in January 1930 the idea leads Wittgenstein to a better understanding of how the negative feature is expressed in propositions, thereby raising the problem of recognition to which he is not yet able to find a proper solution. In the second section I explore how the problem still persists during Wittgenstein’s ‘practical turn’. What he now calls the ‘problem of representation’ forces him to change again his conception of propositions. In the final section I argue that this change is mainly due to the modification of his conception of hypotheses which urges a solution to the problem of representation, though the problem remains unsolved in January 1930.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CIII. Synthese von N,N′,N′′-peralkylierten Guanidiniumsalz-basierten ionischen Flüssigkeiten durch Anionenmetathese
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Mezger Jochen , Tiritiris Ioannis , Kreß Ralf , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

N,N′,N′′-peralkylated guanidinium chlorides and N,N′,N′′-peralkylated guanidines were prepared from N,N′-peralkylated chloroformamidinium chlorides. The alkylation of the guanidines affords N,N′,N′′-persubstituted guanidinium chlorides bromides, iodides, alkylsulfates, and tetrafluoroborates. Guanidinium tricyanomethanides and tetracyanopropenides were prepared from the chlorides and iodides by anion metathesis. The reaction of guanidinium halogenides with borontrifluoride etherate, triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or sodiumtetrafluoroborate delivers guanidinium tetrafluoroborates. Guanidinium saccharinides, cyanates, thiocyanates, trifluoromethansulfonates, bis(trifluormethansulfonyl)imides, hexacyanoferrates(II/III), tetracyanonickolates and tetrathiocyanatocobaltates were prepared from the corresponding guanidinium chlorides and tetrafluoroborates by anion exchange.
Marcion’s Gospel and its Use of the Jewish Scriptures
Authors: Davis Phillip Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite the popular notion of Marcion’s outright rejection of the Jewish Scriptures, his gospel draws on those Scriptures not infrequently. While this might appear inconsistent with Marcion’s theological thought, a pattern is evident in the way his gospel uses Scripture: On the one hand, Marcion’s gospel includes few of the direct, marked quotations of Scripture known from canonical Luke, and in none of those cases does Jesus himself fulfill Scripture. On the other hand, Marcion’s gospel includes more frequent indirect allusions to Scripture, several of which imply Jesus’ fulfillment of scriptural prophecy. This pattern suggests a Marcionite redaction of Luke whereby problematic marked quotes were omitted, while allusions were found less troublesome or simply overlooked due to their implicit nature.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by Epac2 Contributes to Acute Inflammatory Hyperalgesia
Authors: Goode Diana J. , Molliver Derek C. 
Published: February 2021

Gαs-coupled receptors signaling through cAMP provide a key mechanism for the sensitization of nociceptive sensory neurons, and the cAMP effector Epac has been implicated in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Epac exerts its effects through Rap1 and protein kinase C (PKC). To identify targets of Epac–PKC signaling in sensory neurons of the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG), we profiled PKC substrate proteins phosphorylated in response to the activation of Epac with the proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). A prominent Epac-dependent phospho-protein band induced by PGE2 was identified by mass spectrometry as the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdha1). In dissociated DRG from both males and females, the recruitment of Pdha1 to phospho-protein fractions was rapidly induced by PGE2 and prevented by selective inhibition of Epac2. Epac activation increased mitochondrial respiration, consistent with an increase in Pdha1 function mediated by Epac2. Hindpaw injection of PGE2 induced heat hyperalgesia in males and females, but Pdha1 phosphorylation occurred only in males. Hyperalgesia was attenuated in males but not in females by systemic inhibition of Epac2, and also by a mitochondrial membrane potential uncoupler, dinitrophenol, supporting a role for mitochondrial regulation in acute hyperalgesia. These findings identify a mechanism for the regulation of mitochondrial function by Epac2 that contributes to acute inflammatory hyperalgesia in male mice. Systemic administration of the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib suppressed both PGE2-induced heat hyperalgesia and Pdha1 phosphorylation in DRG of males but not females, suggesting that prostaglandin synthesis within the DRG mediates the phosphorylation of Pdha1 in response to hindpaw insult.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere has been extensive investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction as a causative factor in neuropathic pain disorders. In contrast, results reported here implicate enhanced mitochondrial function as a contributing factor in the development of acute inflammatory hyperalgesia. We describe a mechanism in which Epac2 activation by prostaglandin receptors leads to phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and an increase in mitochondrial respiration in peripheral sensory neurons. Although Epac2 activation leads to Pdha1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) phosphorylation in dissociated neurons from mice of both sexes, induction of this pathwayin vivoby hindpaw insult is restricted to males and appears to require intraganglionic prostaglandin synthesis. These findings support a model in which Gs-coupled receptor modulation of mitochondrial function promotes acute nociceptive signaling and inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Chlamydia inhibits progesterone receptor mRNA expression in SHT-290 cells
Authors: Brown Megan , Rae Mick , Wheelhouse Nick 
Published: February 2021

Lay summary
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the UK, with over 200,000 positive diagnoses annually. The infection is thought to cause reproductive complications including problems in conceiving a pregnancy through to miscarriage and early or stillbirth. One potential reason Chlamydia may impact upon pregnancy is through disrupting the embryo implantation at the earliest stages of pregnancy is by altering the ability of specific cells that line the uterus called stromal cells to respond to the hormone progesterone, the hormone responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. The results of this study showed that Chlamydial infection of these uterus lining stromal cells decreased the levels of specific progesterone sensitive markers which are associated with early embryo implantation, suggesting a loss of responsiveness to progesterone treatment. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the levels of RNA for the progesterone receptor which is responsible for progesterone activity, suggesting that this is a potential mechanism through which Chlamydia could directly inhibit the effects of progesterone on uterine cells.
Effects of firefighting on semen parameters: an exploratory study
Authors: Engelsman Michelle , Toms Leisa-Maree L , Wang Xianyu , Banks Andrew P W , Blake Debbie 
Published: February 2021

Lay summary
Firefighters are occupationally exposed to heat intensities and chemical concentrations that may affect fertility. Twenty firefighters participated in an exploratory study assessing fertility of firefighters via an online survey and semen analysis. Data analysis included consideration of demographic characteristics, reproductive history and occupational exposures. Overall, firefighter semen parameters were below World Health Organisation reference values designating fertility in men. Firefighters younger than 45 years had a higher incidence of abnormal semen parameters (42%) than those aged 45 years or greater (9%). Increased rank and higher levels of occupational and/or personal hygiene were associated with improved semen quality. Increased frequency of fire exposure was associated with a reduction in normal forms, volume, sperm concentration and total sperm count. Sperm clumping was greater than 10% in 26% of samples, suggesting reduced semen quality. This exploratory study provides novel data that support the hypothesis of an association between semen quality and firefighter’s occupational exposure to toxic environments.
COLD-ACTIVE MICROBIAL CELLULASE: NOVEL APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND MECHANISM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGES INDUSTRY
Authors: Yunus Ghazala , Kuddus Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

Cellulose, a carbohydrate mainly found in plant cell walls, is most abundant biopolymer on the Earth. Biodegradation of cellulose is carried out by a group of enzymes knows as cellulases. These enzymes play important roles in food processing and used in food industry. In the present era, cold-active enzymes are preferred instead of meso- and thermos-philic counterparts due to less energy requirement for their optimal activity and easy inactivation. The present study includes evaluation of cold-active cellulase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis for its industrial applications in comparison to mesophilic and thermophilic cellulases, through molecular docking method. The binding energy of cold-active cellulase with the substrate cellulose was -126.60 KCals/mole. However, the energy for thermo- and mesophilic cellulase found to be -93.29 and -75.54 KCals/mole, respectively. The results concluded that cold-active cellulase has more efficacy compared to its counterparts and may be used in food processing industry at commercial level.
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ABILITY, MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF OYSTER MUSHROOMS (Pleurotus species)
Authors: Comfort Olukemi Bamigboye , Omomowo Iyabo Olunike , Alao Bukola Micheal , Elegbede Joseph Adetunji , Adebayo Elijah Adegoke 
Published: February 2021

Due to the importance of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) as a source of food and medicine to man, they have been cultivated both on large and small scales or collected in the wild. The present study evaluated the different antioxidant activities, mechanisms of action and various health implications on human of Oyster mushrooms. Since a single study is not effective in determining the antioxidant property of mushroom, several in vitro assays were reviewed including scavenging activities of DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl and ABTS as well as Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities among others. In vivo assays like enzymatic (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and non-enzymatic (Ascorbic acid, Vitamin E and Glutathione (GSH)); using mice, rats and porcine brain were also reviewed. Oyster mushrooms extract scavenged free radicals and prevented oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo, and can influence their activities as natural immune boosters and thereby affect human health positively. The review has revealed oyster mushrooms as functional foods enriched with antioxidants and a good potential to oppose the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, preventing oxidative stress and scavenging free radicals.
ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 EM MINAS GERAIS/BRASIL
Authors: Cardoso Anamaria De Oliveira , Sousa Nádia Guimarães , Cardoso Renato Fleury , Utsumi Alex Garcez 
Published: February 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 tem desafiado gestores e pesquisadores na busca de melhores estratégias para enfrentamento da doença e impedir o colapso do sistema de saúde. Este artigo avalia diferentes estratégias de isolamento social a fim de verificar sua eficácia na redução do número de infectados e mortes provenientes da COVID-19. Através da modelagem matemática e simulação computacional, analisou-se três diferentes tipos de isolamento social para o estado de Minas Gerais/Brasil, considerando o isolamento social rígido definido com uma redução de 80% do contato social , distribuídos em períodos ininterruptos de 48 (quarenta e oito) dias ou intercalados com períodos de isolamento social otimizado, buscando assim alternativas que viabilização a prestação de serviço e a geração de renda. A estratégia na qual adota-se o isolamento rígido apenas aos finais de semana, intercalando com o isolamento otimizado com redução de 55% do contato social de segunda a sexta, apresentou uma taxa de redução de 18,6% no número total de óbitos e infectados quando comparada com o mesmo período de isolamento rígido aplicado de forma ininterrupta, reduzindo em 8,6% destes números em relação ao que se projeta hoje para o estado caso seja mantida a taxa média de isolamento atual. Os resultados obtidos permitem uma projeção do cenário da pandemia no estado e auxiliam na análise de alternativas para o enfrentamento desta em Minas Gerais e no Brasil.
Efeito da goma xantana e da bentonita no desempenho de um fluido de perfuração base microemulsão
Authors: Sousa Roxana Pereira Fernandes de , Curbelo Fabíola Dias da Silva , Garnica Alfredo Ismael Curbelo , Araújo Elayne Andrade , Freitas Júlio Cézar de Oliveira , Braga Glauco Soares 
Published: February 2021

Os fluidos de perfuração microemulsionados são uma nova tecnologia que objetiva substituir os fluidos base óleo e base água, por possuir alta lubricidade, estabilidade, baixa toxicidade, baixo custo e menor perda de fluido. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da ação viscosificante da goma xantana e da bentonita em um fluido de perfuração microemulsionado, composto por uma solução aquosa de glicerina, um óleo vegetal e um tensoativo não iônico, através de testes reológicos. A partir dos resultados, concluiu-se que a goma xantana apresenta maior ação viscosificante, uma vez que o fluido aditivado com uma menor quantidade deste biopolímero apresentou maior viscosidade aparente e plástica, força gel e limite de escoamento. Os dois viscosificantes atribuíram pseudoplasticidade aos fluidos e o modelo reológico que melhor se ajustou aos comportamentos apresentados foi o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley.
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL DEL GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL CON EL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y LOS SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS: PERCEPCIÓN CIUDADANA
Authors: Zurita Mézquita Efrain Canaán , López-Mateo Celina , Ríos-Manríquez Martha , Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores 
Published: February 2021

La participación de los gobiernos en el desarrollo de acciones de responsabilidad social enfocadas a cumplir expectativas que el ciudadano actual está demandando han resultado claves para cubrir estos requerimientos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo el ciudadano de la ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco (México) percibe la responsabilidad social que tiene el gobierno municipal. Analizándolo desde las dimensiones: los servicios que otorga el municipio a la ciudadanía desde una perspectiva de bien público y los bienes no excluibles; y el cuidado del ambiente por parte del gobierno municipal. Dirigiendo el estudio a los ciudadanos de este municipio, segmentándolos por rangos de edad de acuerdo GEM (2015). Se realizó un análisis mediante estadísticos descriptivos, tablas de contingencias y correlaciones bivariadas. Los resultados muestran que, la ciudadanía en general percibe el cuidado del medio ambiente como un elemento de obligación primordial del gobierno municipal, pero existen carencias en la procuración de los servicios públicos y en el cuidado de los recursos naturales, al igual que identifica que la responsabilidad social es un factor que el gobierno deben establecer para cuidar y preservar los recursos naturales. Además, que la relación medio ambiente y de los bienes públicos y no excluibles que otorga el gobierno se correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la percepción de la responsabilidad social del gobierno y del rol que tienen con la ciudadanía.
Long-term trends in distribution and regional composition of the catches of hatchery pink and chum salmon during autumn migrations in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Bugaev A. V. , Chistyakova A. I. , Urava S. 
Published: February 2021

Long-term trends in distribution and regional composition of the catches of hatchery pink and chum salmon during autumn post-catadromous migrations in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2011–2017 were evaluated based on the otolith marking data. Qualitative and intraspecific structure of the hatchery fish aggregations was analyzed in connection to the interannual variety in forming abundant and not abundant generations of pink salmon. The analyze is carried out allowed to find out that the aggregation density of Russian and Japan hatchery juvenile chum salmon in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is higher in the even years of observation. Along that the distribution of the active migrants of the Sakhalin-Kurile and Hokkaido stock complexes in the north-east direction withing the Okhotsk Sea basin is better expressed. We think, that the main reason is low abundance of pink salmon generations (odd years of spawning) on West Kamchatka during autumn migration in the even years.In general the results obtained indicate that the cyclic migration of juvenile pink and chum salmon in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk during post-catadromous migrations is of a systemic and mass character. Hatchery and wild fish have been engaged. The scheme of the juvenile distribution is similar in even and odd years.