bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The robustness of sufficient reduction methods for detecting shifts of various types in multivariate processes
Authors: Hinsheranan Sawaporn , Stillman Eleanor C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApplications of shift detection are of interest in several disciplines. Sufficient reduction (SR) methods have been developed for detecting a shift in a multivariate process under different conditions in several studies. However, all methods were proposed to detect only a constant, but persistent, mean shift. In practice, there might be other types of (mean) shift to be considered. Our purpose here is to investigate the robustness of SR methods for detecting different types of shift in a multivariate process. Four shift types are considered. The performances of the SR methods are compared against other statistical techniques used in multivariate process control. The evaluation was conducted via simulation by estimating four measures. The results show that in a process of independent observations the Wessman method performs well for detecting all sizes of single spike shift and small constant, linear, and exponential shifts. In an autocorrelated process the Parallel, Frisén, and Wessman methods produce a high number of false alarms. The Siripanthana and Stillman method gives shorter delays for detecting small shifts of all types, while the vector autoregressive chart gives a shorter delay for a large constant shift. The applications of SR methods to real health surveillance data are illustrated, with examples from food poisoning and pneumonia monitoring in Thailand.
Information and thermodynamic properties of a non‐Hermitian particle ensemble
Authors: Lima Francisco Cleiton E. , Moreira Allan R. P. , Almeida Carlos Alberto S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the context of non‐relativistic quantum mechanics, we investigated Shannon's entropy of a non‐Hermitian system to understand how this quantity is modified with the cyclotron frequency. Subsequently, we turn our attention to the construction of an ensemble of these spinless particles in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. Then, we study the thermodynamic properties of the model. Finally, we show how Shannon's entropy and thermodynamic properties are modified with the action of the magnetic field.
Analysis of single‐cell microbial mass spectra profiles from single‐particle aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Chaowu , Li Boning , Liu Cong , Li Mei , Zhou Zhen 
Published: February 2021

RationaleSingle‐particle aerosol mass spectrometry is a practical method for studying microbial aerosols. However, the related mass spectral characteristics of single‐cell microorganisms have not yet been studied systematically; hence, further investigations are necessary.MethodsDifferent microbial cells were grown and directly aerosolized in the laboratory. These aerosols were then drawn into a single‐particle mass spectrometer platform, and single‐cell mass spectra profiles were obtained in real‐time. The biological characteristics, ion variation trends, and microbial types were analyzed with either laser pulse energy or laser fluence.ResultsThe single‐particle mass spectra contained prominent peaks that could be attributed to the presence of biological matter, such as organic phosphate and nitrogen, amino acids, and spore‐associated calcium complexes. Limited types of average mass spectral patterns were present, and a significant correlation was found between the ion intensity trend (presence and absence of peaks) and laser ionization energy (expressed by the total positive ion intensity). Although a single spectral data point does not contain all the peaks of the average spectrum, it covers most of the characteristic peaks and could be identified using a machine learning algorithm. After the analysis of single‐particle mass spectra, we found that using multi‐group features (e.g., peak intensity ratio of m/z +47 and +41, peak intensity ratio of 59N(CH3)3+ and 74N(CH3)4+, and 12 peak variables) led to an identification accuracy of approximately 92.4% with the random forest algorithm.ConclusionsThe results indicate that single‐cell mass spectral profiles can be used to distinguish microbial aerosols and further illustrate their origin in a laboratory setting.
Determination of magnesium isotopic ratios of biological reference materials via multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Le Goff Samuel , Albalat Emmanuelle , Dosseto Anthony , Godin Jean‐Philippe , Balter Vincent 
Published: February 2021

RationaleDespite a wide range of potential applications, magnesium (Mg) isotope composition has been so far sparsely measured in reference materials with a biological matrix, which is important for the quality control of the results. We describe a method enabling the chemical separation of Mg in geological and biological materials and the determination of its stable isotope composition.MethodsDifferent geological (BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, BCR‐1, and IAPSO) and biological (SRM‐1577c, BCR‐383, BCR380R, ERM‐CE464, DORM‐2, DORM‐4, TORT‐3, and FBS) reference materials were used to test the performance of a new sample preparation procedure for Mg isotopic analysis. The procedure consisted of a simple three‐stage elution method to separate Mg from the matrix. Mg isotopic analyses were performed in two different laboratories and with three different multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instruments.ResultsThe biological reference materials show a wide range of δ26Mg values (relative to DSM3 standard), spanning over 2‰, from 0.52 ± 0.29‰ (2SD, n = 7) in bovine liver (SRM‐1577c) to −1.45 ± 0.20‰ (2SD, n = 5) in tuna fish (ERM‐CE464), with an external precision of 0.03‰ (2SD, n = 85).ConclusionsThis study indicates that isotopic measurements of Mg in biological reference materials show good performance, with the results being within the accepted range. We confirmed that δ26Mg values in liver are the most positive of all biological materials reported so far.
Daily and Landscape Influences of Species Visitation to Toxic Bait Sites for Wild Pigs
Authors: Snow Nathan P. , Halseth Joseph M. , Glow Michael P. , Lavelle Michael J. , Fischer Justin W. , Vannatta Eric H. , VerCauTeren Kurt C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTToxic baiting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is a potential new tool for population control and damage reduction in the United States. Use of toxic bait sites by non‐target species is concerning because of the risks posed from exposure to a toxic bait. A 2018 field trial in northern Texas, USA, examining the efficacy of a prototype toxic bait (HOGGONE®, containing 10% sodium nitrite) revealed unexpected hazards to non‐target species, primarily passerine birds, from consuming toxic bait spilled outside of bait stations by wild pigs. The hazards jeopardize the ability to register HOGGONE as a tool for controlling wild pigs. We conducted apost hocanalysis from that 2018 trial to identify how daily and landscape factors influenced the use of bait sites by non‐target species, and subsequent hazards from consuming the toxic bait. We discovered that no single strategy can eliminate visitations by all non‐target species, but offering the toxic bait at night, in wild‐pig specific bait stations, and in more homogeneous landscapes appeared to be the best strategy for minimizing visits by passerine birds. We also found that use of bait sites by wild pigs were temporally clustered, and more pigs visited bait sites along linear features of the landscape (e.g., agricultural edges or riparian corridors). We recommend a baiting strategy where applicators do not place bait stations directly at sites where remnant particles of grain (from prebaiting) are available on the ground. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On the Tracks of Neandertals: The Ichnological Assemblage from Le Rozel (Normandy, France)
Authors: Duveau Jérémy , Berillon Gilles , Verna Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHominin tracks represent a unique window into moments in the life of extinct individuals. They can provide biological and locomotor data that are not accessible from skeletal remains. However, these tracks are relatively scarce in the fossil record, particularly those attributed to Neandertals. They are also most often devoid of associated archaeological material, which limits their interpretation. The Palaeolithic site of Le Rozel (Normandy, France) located in a dune complex formed during the Upper Pleistocene has yielded between 2012 and 2017 several hundred tracks (257 hominin footprints, 8 handprints as well as 6 animal tracks). This ichnological assemblage is distributed within five stratigraphic subunits dated to 80,000 years. These subunits are rich in archaeological material that attests to brief occupations by Neandertal groups and provides information about the activities that they carried out. The ichnological assemblage discovered at Le Rozel is the largest attributed to Neandertals to date and more generally the most important for hominin taxa other than Homo sapiens. The particularly large number of footprints can provide major information for our understanding of the Palaeolithic occupations at Le Rozel and for our knowledge of the composition of Neandertal groups.
Phase transition in JT gravity and $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation
Authors: Kim Kyung Kiu , Baek Jong-Hyun , Seo Yunseok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study a black hole phase transition in a generalized JT gravity noticed inarXiv:2006.03494. We investigate the effect of the phase transition on the Euclidean geodesic and holographic two-point function in models with dilaton potential which interpolates two ordinary JT gravities with different cosmological constants. It is noted that there exists a closed geodesic with a new scale at low temperature phase when the potential has a locally negative region. This scale causes several peaks in the two-point function. We also comment on the phase transition of charged black holes. We then consider coupling generalized JT gravity to a matter and study its relation to a$$ T\overline{T} $$TT¯deformation of CFT at the classical level. We find the deformation parameter as a function of the dilaton and provide examples showing Janus-type couplings.
Evolution, structure and emerging roles of C1ORF112 in DNA replication, DNA damage responses, and cancer
Authors: Edogbanya Jacob , Tejada‐Martinez Daniela , Jones Nigel J. , Jaiswal Amit , Bell Sarah , Cordeiro Rui , van Dam Sipko , Rigden Daniel J. , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe C1ORF112 gene initially drew attention when it was found to be strongly co‐expressed with several genes previously associated with cancer and implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, such as RAD51 and the BRCA genes. The molecular functions of C1ORF112 remain poorly understood, yet several studies have uncovered clues as to its potential functions. Here, we review the current knowledge on C1ORF112 biology, its evolutionary history, possible functions, and its potential relevance to cancer. C1ORF112 is conserved throughout eukaryotes, from plants to humans, and is very highly conserved in primates. Protein models suggest that C1ORF112 is an alpha-helical protein. Interestingly, homozygous knockout mice are not viable, suggesting an essential role for C1ORF112 in mammalian development. Gene expression data show that, among human tissues, C1ORF112 is highly expressed in the testes and overexpressed in various cancers when compared to healthy tissues. C1ORF112 has also been shown to have altered levels of expression in some tumours with mutant TP53. Recent screens associate C1ORF112 with DNA replication and reveal possible links to DNA damage repair pathways, including the Fanconi anaemia pathway and homologous recombination. These insights provide important avenues for future research in our efforts to understand the functions and potential disease relevance of C1ORF112.
Gender differences in the skill content of jobs
Authors: Pető Rita , Reizer Balázs 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is significant heterogeneity in actual skill use within occupations even though occupations are differentiated by the task workers should perform during work. Using data on 12 countries which are available both in the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies survey and International Social Survey Program, we show that women use their cognitive skills less than men even within the same occupation. The gap in skill intensity cannot be explained by differences in worker characteristics or in cognitive skills. Instead, we show that living in a partnership significantly increases the skill use of men compared with women. We argue that having a partner affects skill use through time allocation as the gender penalty of partnered women is halved once we control for working hours and hours spent on housework. Finally, we do not find evidence of workplace discrimination against women.
Association between surgical volumes and real-world healthcare cost when using a mesh capturing device for pelvic organ prolapse: A 5-years comparison between single- versus multicenter use
Authors: Morcos Edward , Falconer Christian , Grip Emilie Toresson , Geale Kirk , Hellgren Katarina , Poutakidis Georgios , Altman Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether high surgical volume at a single center was associated with lower healthcare costs compared to lower surgical volume in a multicenter setting.

Methods
All patients had symptomatic and anatomical apical prolapse (POP-Q ≥ stage II) with or without cystocele and were operated on by a standard surgical procedure using the Uphold mesh. Data on time of resource use in terms of surgery time, hospital stay and re-interventions across 5 years were compared between the single center (97 patients) and multicenter (173 patients, at 24 clinics). Unit costs for surgical time, inpatient and outpatient visits were extracted from the single-center hospital’s operation analysis program and prime production cost. Total costs were estimated for primary surgery and during 5-year follow-up.

Results
Costs for primary surgery were comparable between the single and the multicenter ($13,561 ± 2688 and $13,867 ± 1177, P = 0.29). Follow-up costs 5 years after primary surgery were 2.8 times higher at the multicenter than single center ($3262 vs. $1149, P < 0.001). Mean cost per patient over 5 years was significantly lower at the single than multicenter [$14,710 (CI: 14,168–15,252) vs. $17,128 (CI: 16,952–17,305), P < 0.001)].

Conclusions
Using a mesh kit for apical pelvic organ prolapse in a high surgical volume center was associated with reduced healthcare costs compared with a lower volume multiple-site setting. The cost reduction at the high surgical volume center increased over time because of lower surgical and medical re-intervention rates for postoperative complications and recurrence.
Alkylated epidermal creatine kinase as a biomarker for sulfur mustard exposure: comparison to adducts of albumin and DNA in an in vivo rat study
Authors: Steinritz Dirk , Lüling Robin , Siegert Markus , Herbert Julia , Mückter Harald , Taeger Christian D. , Gudermann Thomas , Dietrich Alexander , Thiermann Horst , John Harald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which use is banned under international law and that has been used recently in Northern Iraq and Syria by the so-called Islamic State. SM induces the alkylation of endogenous proteins like albumin and hemoglobin thus forming covalent adducts that are targeted by bioanalytical methods for the verification of systemic poisoning. We herein report a novel biomarker, namely creatine kinase (CK) B-type, suitable as a local biomarker for SM exposure on the skin. Human and rat skin were proven to contain CK B-type by Western blot analysis. Following exposure to SM ex vivo, the CK-adduct was extracted from homogenates by immunomagnetic separation and proteolyzed afterwards. The cysteine residue Cys282 was found to be alkylated by the SM-specific hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE)-moiety detected as the biomarker tetrapeptide TC(-HETE)PS. A selective and sensitive micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (µLC-ESI MS/HRMS) method was developed to monitor local CK-adducts in an in vivo study with rats percutaneously exposed to SM. CK-adduct formation was compared to already established DNA- and systemic albumin biomarkers. CK- and DNA-adducts were successfully detected in biopsies of exposed rat skin as well as albumin-adducts in plasma. Relative biomarker concentrations make the CK-adduct highly appropriate as a local dermal biomarker. In summary, CK or rather Cys282 in CK B-type was identified as a new, additional dermal target of local SM exposures. To our knowledge, it is also the first time that HETE-albumin adducts, and HETE-DNA adducts were monitored simultaneously in an in vivo animal study.
Off-label use of orthopedical trauma implants in a low-income country
Authors: Wichlas F. , Hofmann V. , Strada G. , Moursy M. , Deininger C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lack of resources, severe injuries, and logistical flaws force surgeons in low-income countries (LIC) to improvise during surgery and use implants “off-label.” These off-label treatments are specific for the work of trauma surgeons in non-governmental (NGO) hospitals in LIC. The aim of this study is to show the need of off-label surgery in an environment of low resources by means of typical examples.

Methods
Off-label treated fractures, the implant used instead, and the reason for off-label treatment were investigated in 367 injuries over a three month period in an NGO hospital in Sierra Leone.

Results
Twenty-seven fractures were treated off-label with mostly K-wires (88.89%) and external fixators (51.85%). Three reasons for off-label use could be defined: no suitable implants (N = 14), the condition of soft tissues that did not allow internal osteosyntheses (N = 10), and implants not ready for surgery due to logistic flaws (N = 3). The implants needed were mostly locking plates.

Conclusion
Surgeons in similar settings must use K-wires and external fixators to treat complex fractures. Using implants off-label can help surgeons to treat fractures otherwise left untreated.
Effects of maternal exposure to a bacterial antigen and altered post-hatching rearing conditions on avian offspring behaviour
Authors: Martyka Rafał , Śliwińska Ewa B. , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe early-life environment plays a crucial role in shaping morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits, with potential long-term consequences for fitness. Indeed, a set of factors experienced by offspring during prenatal and early post-natal development has been recognised to affect behavioural trait expression in later life. Several studies have shown that in birds, nutritional and social rearing conditions and maternal and/or neonatal immunisations may profoundly determine the development and establishment of behaviour in offspring. To our knowledge, no research has examined whether and how the interaction between immune-mediated maternal effects and post-hatching rearing conditions affects offspring behaviour. Here, we studied the effects of maternal exposure to a bacterial antigen and altered brood size on docility, breathing rate, and aggression in the offspring of great tit,Parus major. We used a 2 × 2 design to investigate the interactive effects of maternal immunisation and brood size manipulation on offspring behavioural development. We found no such interactive effect on offspring behaviour, although we observed it regarding to offspring body mass and tarsus length. Maternal immunisation itself did not affect offspring behaviour. However, we demonstrated that the offspring breathing rate and level of aggression were affected by brood size manipulation. Both breathing rate and aggression in offspring reared in enlarged broods were lower than those in offspring reared in non-manipulated broods. Our study did not confirm earlier reports that immune-mediated maternal effects modulate offspring behavioural development, but we showed that brood size during rearing might indeed be a factor that affects offspring behaviour.Significance statementThe early environment experienced by offspring constitutes a significant source of developmental plasticity, which may profoundly affect the establishment of their behavioural traits. Food availability, social conditions, and maternal or offspring infection are crucial factors shaping various behavioural traits in birds. However, there remains a lack of studies emphasising the potential interactive effects of early-life conditions on behavioural trait development in natural bird populations. Here, to our knowledge for the first time, we experimentally examined how maternal immunisation and altered post-hatching rearing conditions interact to determine the behaviour of fledged offspring. We found that maternal treatment and brood size manipulation interactively affected offspring body mass and tarsus length, but this interaction had no effect on offspring behaviour. Our findings suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the development of morphological and behavioural traits.
Clinical Outcomes of Acute Appendicitis During Pregnancy: Conservative Management and Appendectomy
Authors: Nakashima Masayuki , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeWe have described the epidemiology, diagnostic modality, treatment patterns, and outcomes of acute appendicitis during pregnancy.MethodsUsing a nationwide claim‐based database in Japan, we analyzed the data of pregnant patients who were diagnosed with appendicitis between January 2005 and May 2019. Patient characteristics, imaging studies, length of hospital stay, proportion of fetal losses, complications, and type of antibiotics were examined.ResultsThe study included 169 patients, of whom 113 patients (67%) underwent conservative management, and appendectomies were performed on 56 patients (open 25% and laparoscopic 8%). The proportion of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were 97%, 17%, and 5% (for conservative management); 88%, 39%, and 13% (for appendectomy); 86%, 38%, and 21% (for open appendectomy); and 93%, 43%, and 14% (for laparoscopic appendectomy), respectively. The proportion of complicated appendicitis was 6% in conservative management and 41% in appendectomy (40% in open appendectomy and 43% in laparoscopic appendectomy), respectively.The incidence of fetal loss was 4% in conservative management, 5% in appendectomy (2% in open appendectomy, and 14% in laparoscopic appendectomy). However, there was only one fetal loss (in laparoscopic appendectomy) in the same case of hospitalization. There were no maternal deaths or serious complications after any treatment.ConclusionAll treatments showed acceptable outcomes in appendicitis during pregnancy. Conservative management is considered an acceptable option, especially in uncomplicated cases of appendicitis in pregnant women.