bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild Motor Signs Matter in Typical Brain Aging: The Value of the UPDRS Score Within a Functionally Intact Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Zitser Jennifer , Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Sexton Claire , Weiner-Light Sophia , Wolf Amy , Brown Jesse A. , Miller Bruce L. , Kramer Joel H. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To characterize the clinical correlates of subclinical Parkinsonian signs, including longitudinal cognitive and neural (via functional connectivity) outcomes, among functionally normal older adults.Methods: Participants included 737 functionally intact community-dwelling older adults who performed prospective comprehensive evaluations at ~15-months intervals for an average of 4.8 years (standard deviation 3.2 years). As part of these evaluations, participants completed the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) longitudinally and measures of processing speed, executive functioning and verbal episodic memory. T1-weighted structural scans and task-free functional MRI scans were acquired on 330 participants. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to determine the relationship between changes in UPDRS with cognitive and neural changes, using age, sex, and education as covariates.Results: Cognitive outcomes were processing speed, executive functioning, and episodic memory. Greater within-person increases in UPDRS were associated with more cognitive slowing over time. Although higher average UPDRS scores were significantly associated with overall poorer executive functions, there was no association between UPDRS and executive functioning longitudinally. UPDRS scores did not significantly relate to longitudinal memory performances. Regarding neural correlates, greater increases in UPDRS scores were associated with reduced intra-subcortical network connectivity over time. There were no relationships with intra-frontoparietal or inter-subcortical-frontoparietal connectivity.Conclusions: Our findings add to the aging literature by indicating that mild motor changes are negatively associated with cognition and network connectivity in functionally intact adults.
PENGARUH INFLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Simanungkalit Erika Feronika Br 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation on economic growth in Indonesia since 1983-2014.The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and econometric analysis. Econometricanalysis in this study uses simple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squre (OLS) method.The results showed that the independent variable influencing the dependent variable was proven fromthe probability value (F-statistic) smaller than α = 5%. T Test results show that the Inflation variableinfluences Economic Growth with a probability value smaller than α = 5%. The results of thecoefficient of determination test indicate that the dependent variable can be explained by theindependent variable by 74.7588% and the remaining 25.2412% is explained by other variablesoutside the model.
Keywords : Economic Growth, Inflation & Ordinary Least Squre (OLS)
Implikasi Pencegahan Penularan Corona Melalui Kegiatan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Terhadap Pengembangan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hayati Yanti Nur 
Published: February 2021

Corona Virus Desease or Covid-19 is a new virus that has attacked 213 countries including Indonesia. The spread of this virus is very fast so that government policies are needed to prevent transmission. One recommendation is to get used to Washing Hands with Soap (CTPS) is no exception with Early Childhood. The family has a role to teach and practice Handwashing with Soap (CTPS). The purpose of this writing is expected to contribute ideas and benefits for students, teachers or PAUD lecturers, and observers of early childhood education. The method used is descriptive in the form of conceptual writing which is the result of discussions between researchers' field observations, experiences of early childhood educators, as well as theoretical studies and previous research results that focus on Handwashing with Soap (CTPS). The results of the discussion found that CTPS by using six steps can improve children's soft motor development, so that CTPS can be used as a method of developing soft motor skills in early childhood.

Abstrak
Virus Corona atau Virus Covid-19 adalah virus baru yang telah menyerang ke 213 negara termasuk Indonesia. Penyebarannya virus ini sangat cepat sehingga diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah untuk pencegahan penularan. Salah satu rekomendasinya adalah membiasakan diri untuk Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS) tak terkecuali dengan Anak Usia Dini. Keluarga memiliki peran untuk mengajarkan dan melatih Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS). Tujuan penulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran serta manfaat bagi mahasiswa, guru atau dosen PAUD, dan pemerhati pendidikan anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif berupa tulisan konsepsional yang merupakan hasil diskusi antara pengamatan lapangan peneliti, pengalaman pendidik anak usia dini, serta kajian teori dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang berfokus pada kegiatan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS). Hasil diskusi ditemukan bahwa CTPS dengan menggunakan enam langkah dapat meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak, sehingga CTPS dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu metode pengembangan motorik halus anak usia dini.
Stereotip Gender Dalam Profesi Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Dianita Evi Resti 
Published: February 2021

The phenomenon of the scarcity of men to work as early childhood education teachers makes people assume that the profession is more suitable for women, so that there is an imbalance in gender roles in early childhood education institutions. But the discussion of gender issues surrounding the profession of early childhood education teachers still seems to often escape from our attention. This is the background for choosing this issue. The purpose of this study is to describe gender stereotypes in the early childhood education teacher profession and provide an alternative view of the importance of men's roles in this field. The approach used is a qualitative approach and the type is library research. Based on the discussion and analysis, it was concluded that gender stereotypes in the early childhood education teacher profession are at least tangible in three ways: a) existence of feminine identity attached to this profession and it is far from masculinity, so men are less interested in teaching young children; b) early childhood education teachers are considered as a profession with a minimum risk so that it is less challenging and considered more appropriate for women; c) early childhood education teachers are low-paid jobs and are considered more appropriate for women.

Abstrak
Fenomena langkanya laki-laki yang berprofesi sebagai guru pendidikan anak usia dini menjadikan masyarakat beranggapan bahwa profesi guru PAUD lebih sesuai untuk perempuan, sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan peran gender di lembaga PAUD. Namun pembahasan tentang isu gender yang mengitari profesi guru pendidikan anak usia dini tampaknya masih seringkali luput dari perhatian kita. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi dipilihnya isu ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang stereotip gender dalam profesi guru PAUD serta memberikan pandangan alternatif tentang pentingnya peran laki-laki sebagai guru PAUD. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis riset kepustakaan. Berdasarkan diskusi dan analisis disimpulkan bahwa stereotip gender dalam profesi guru pendidikan anak usia dini setidaknya berwujud dalam tiga hal : a) pemberian identitas feminim dan jauh dari kesan maskulin, sehingga laki-laki kurang tertarik mengajar anak usia dini; b) guru PAUD dianggap sebagai profesi dengan minim risiko (low-risk) sehingga kurang menantang dan yang dipandang lebih sesuai untuk sektor ini adalah perempuan; c) guru PAUD adalah pekerjaan bergaji rendah dan dianggap lebih sesuai dilakukan oleh perempuan.
Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat Pemalang Terhadap Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2020 di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sidqi Imaro 
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to seek or develop public legal awareness and efforts to develop the Pilkada in the Covid-19 Pandemi Era. The research method used in this paper uses juridical empirical, with a qualitative approach. The data technique uses observation, interviews, and literature studies. Data checking techniques used triangulation and analysis using interactive models. The results showed that the awareness of Pemalang Regency people in the middle to lower category was still low, while people with the middle to upper category had started to have knowledge and understanding of the simultaneous regional elections and their policies and how the considerations for choosing, exercising their rights and obligations, and procedures were in the era of the Covid-19 pandemi. In addition, the attitudes and behavior of the middle to upper class society have begun to be structured, reprimanding officers who underestimate their duties. The factors that influence the legal awareness of Pemalang Regency society, namely: education, economy, religion, and socio-cultural factors. Then, efforts to build their awareness through counseling and campaigns about simultaneous regional elections, especially during the Covid- 19 pandemic.
The effect of brand image, brand trust and reference group on the buying decision of sneakers
Authors: Muslim Miswanto , Mubarok Rijal Rizki , Wijaya Nikodemus Hans Setiadi 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of conducting this study was to test the effect of brand image, brand trust, and reference group on buying decision of sneakers.
Research methodology: This study took the primary data through questionnaires distribution. The analytical method used is multiple-linear regression.
Results: The finding from hypothesis testing results is that brand image, brand trust, and reference group have positive effect on buying decision of sneaker shoes.
Limitations: The testing involved only 3 factors, while generally, buying decision is often affected by some other factors for example, price, taste, and others.
Contribution: This study can be used to add insight and reference for the next study, especially in the marketing of sneakers.
Keywords: Brand image, Brand trust, Reference group, Sneakers
Model Pendidikan Olahraga Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Sportivitas
Authors: Raharja Didik Subhakti Prawira 
Published: February 2021

Perilaku kekerasan dan kerusuhan terjadi akibat proses sosial yang dilakukan tidak terjalin dengan baik. Salah satu kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah kurangnya kesadaran individu yang tidak memahami makna sportivitas sehingga menampilkan sikap negatif ketika berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan olahraga seperti tidak menerima kekalahan, menolak keputusan wasit, fanatisme yang berlebihan yang mengakibatkan kerusuhan dan keributan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan sikap Sportivitas melalui penerapan model pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan pretes-posttest control group desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa tingkat 2 Universitas Majalengka yang mengikuti perkuliahan permainan Bola Tangan, terdiri dari 3 kelas dan pemilihan sampel digunakan dengan teknik two stage random sampling, instrument yang digunakan mengadopsi dari Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale (M.S.O.S). Berdasaarkan pengolahan dan analisis data, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan model pendidikan olahraga dan model konvensional terhadap peningkatan sikap sportivitas. Model pendidikan olahraga memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dikarenakan adanya pembagian tugas yang berbeda dalam setiap pemebelajaran serta memberikan pengalaman terhadap situasi permainan yang sesungguhnya dengan saling bertukar peran sehingga dapat meningkatkan sikap sportivitas. Dengan demikian penerapan model pendidikan olahraga lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan sikap sportivitas dibandingkan dengan model konvensional, akan tetapi perlu di lakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan melibatkan banyak jenis cabang olahraga serta karakteristik sampel yang berbeda
Coloring the $n$-Smooth Numbers with $n$ Colors
Authors: Caicedo Andrés Eduardo , Chartier Thomas A. C. , Pach Péter Pál 
Published: February 2021

For which values of $n$ is it possible to color the positive integers using precisely $n$ colors in such a way that for any $a$, the numbers $a,2a,\dots,na$ all receive different colors? The third-named author posed the question around 2008-2009. Particular cases appeared in the Hungarian high school journal KöMaL in April 2010, and the general version appeared in May 2010 on MathOverflow, posted by D. Pálvölgyi. The question remains open. We discuss the known partial results and investigate a series of related matters attempting to understand the structure of these $n$-satisfactory colorings.
Specifically, we show that there is an $n$-satisfactory coloring whenever there is an abelian group operation $\oplus$ on the set $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ that is compatible with multiplication in the sense that whenever $i$, $j$ and $ij$ are in $\{1,\dots,n\}$, then $ij=i\oplus j$. This includes in particular the cases where $n+1$ is prime, or $2n+1$ is prime, or $n=p^2-p$ for some prime $p$, or there is a $k$ such that $q=nk+1$ is prime and $1^k,\dots,n^k$ are all distinct modulo $q$ (in which case we call $q$ a strong representative of order $n$). The colorings obtained by this process we call multiplicative. We also show that nonmultiplicative colorings exist for some values of $n$.
There is an $n$-satisfactory coloring of $\mathbb Z^+$ if and only if there is such a coloring of the set $K_n$ of $n$-smooth numbers. We identify all $n$-satisfactory colorings for $n\leqslant 5$ and all multiplicative colorings for $n\leqslant 8$, and show that there are as many nonmultiplicative colorings of $K_n$ as there are real numbers for $n=6$ and 8. We show that if $n$ admits a strong representative $q$ then it admits infinitely many and in fact the set of such $q$ has positive natural density in the set of all primes.
We also show that the question of whether there is an $n$-satisfactory coloring is equivalent to a problem about tilings, and use this to give a geometric characterization of multiplicative colorings.
Restrictions on genitive subjects in Kazakh relative clauses
Authors: Ótott-Kovács Eszter 
Published: February 2021

This article investigates two RC subject case marking strategies in Kazakh based on novel data coming from the author's fieldwork. The two strategies are the nom-subject strategy, where the RC subject is nominative and there is no agreement marking with it, and the gen-subject strategy, where the RC subject is genitive and the agreement with it is marked, seemingly non-locally, on the noun phrase modified by the RC. The paper's goal is to offer new empirical data on the characteristics and restrictions on the gen-subject strategy: the gen-DP is RC external and the same restrictions apply to it as to possessors, for this reason the paper argues that the gen-DP is situated (and gets case) in the possessor position and it is not assigned genitive case within the RC. Thus, the seemingly non-local Agree relation can be accounted if the gen-DP is in clause-external possessor position.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic in America: A preliminary systematic review
Authors: Sarria-Guzmán Yohanna , Fusaro Carmine , Bernal Jaime E , Mosso-González Clemente , González-Jiménez Francisco Erik , Serrano-Silva Nancy 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: On the eleventh of March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic by the number of cases and deaths worldwide: more than 91.1 million confirmed cases and approx. 1.9 million deaths globally, as of date. The aims of this systematic review were to identify and to evaluate the reports associated on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic in America.
Methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for searching reports published from December 2019 to September 2020, regarding “COVID-19 KAP” across six electronic databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up to select the articles and focus to the topic.
Results: Thirteen scientific papers were finally eligible and included in this systematic review. The surveys were directed to common citizens, healthcare workers and patients with chronic conditions. General public acquired information about COVID-19 mainly through social media; several misconceptions due to falsehoods circulating on-line were identified. The pandemic COVID-19 has severely affected the physical and emotional health of many people in America. Nevertheless, many American citizens do not recognize or have poor knowledge about COVID-19 risks.
Conclusions: This systematic review brings information for governments and scientific community that may be useful in the development of official awareness and prevention campaigns aiming mainly at marginated groups of the society.
Vivre de la politique
Authors: Demazière Didier , Le Saout Rémy 
Published: February 2021

Nous interrogeons la formule wébérienne « vivre de la politique » au moyen d’une analyse de l’indemnisation des mandats électifs et des revenus perçus par les élus. À partir d’une discussion de la « paying politicians litterature », nous montrons que ces travaux sont concentrés sur les mandats les plus centraux, qu’ils sont dominés par des approches en termes de choix rationnel et qu’ils sont limités par la faible mobilisation de données empiriques et de perspectives longitudinales. Aussi nous proposons une approche processuelle de l’indemnisation des mandats, qui situe la rémunération des élus dans le déroulement de leurs carrières. L’hypothèse est que « vivre de » désigne un phénomène aux frontières floues et fragiles, dont les variations peuvent être renseignées à partir des arbitrages auxquels les élus sont confrontés, entre divers engagements et activités, et différentes sources de revenus. Ce programme de recherche est mis en œuvre dans les différentes contributions de ce numéro thématique.
Professionnalisation et indemnisation des élus
Authors: Demazière Didier , Le Saout Rémy 
Published: February 2021

Cet article explore une dimension négligée des processus de professionnalisation de l’activité politique : leurs fondements économiques et plus précisément les rémunérations des élus. La question centrale est la suivante : comment des élus en viennent-ils à vivre de leur(s) mandat(s) électif(s) et comment cette situation perdure-t-elle ? Elle est traitée à partir d’une enquête par entretien auprès d’élus occupant des positions intermédiaires complétée par une enquête par questionnaire. L’analyse met en avant la notion de dépendance économique aux mandats afin d’appréhender la tension entre, d’une part, les engagements dans l’exercice des mandats, l’insertion croissante dans la position d’élu et les progressions de carrière, et, d’autre part, les incertitudes qui caractérisent les mandats, leurs conditions de renouvellement et les rétributions monétaires qui en découlent. Pour rendre compte de ces processus graduels et incertains, l’analyse mobilise des études de cas et met en évidence quatre séquences qui dessinent les contours d’un modèle processuel des carrières indemnitaires.
Les « vies d’après » des députés français
Authors: Dalibert Louise 
Published: February 2021

Cet article étudie le devenir des parlementaires après leur passage par le palais Bourbon. Majoritairement, ils cherchent à se maintenir dans l’espace politique, notamment en exerçant des mandats locaux qui sont devenus, au fil du temps, plus rémunérateurs, au point de concurrencer le mandat parlementaire. De ce fait, les cursus politiques classiques se reconfigurent. Lorsqu’ils quittent définitivement la vie politique, les ex-députés choisissent massivement de prendre leur retraite. Néanmoins, un peu plus d’un tiers se reconvertit professionnellement. Ces bifurcations professionnelles sont largement tributaires des professions initialement occupées par les élus avant leur carrière politique. Les titulaires de fonctions proches du politique (auxiliaires politiques et hauts fonctionnaires) sont plus susceptibles d’opérer des « reconversions lucratives » que leurs homologues qui, initialement éloignés du monde politique, soit retournent à leur première activité (lorsque l’écart de revenus est faible), soit tentent de se maintenir dans le monde politique (lorsque l’entrée en politique a généré un gain important de revenus).
Why students use social networks for education: Extension of UTAUT2
Authors: Abu Gharrah Ala'a , Aljaafreh Ali 
Published: February 2021

Social networks sites have a considerable impact on all our life aspects, especially the educational sector. This study aims at identifying the factors affecting students’ actual usage of social networks sites for educational purposes in Jordanian universities. The proposed model consists factors of UTAUT2 theory (Effort expectancy, Performance expectancy, Social influence, Facilitating condition, Habit, Hedonic motivation). In addition to two added factors (lecturer support, and student-related factors) as an extension. The study was conducted in (6) Jordanian universities, where (381) questionnaires were returned from the study sample with a response rate of (95%) from the total questionnaires that were distributed online. The results showed that (Performance expectancy, Social influence, Effort expectancy, Habit, lecturer support, and student-related factors) have a positive impact on the actual usage of social networks sites for educational purposes in Jordanian universities, while the factors (Facilitating condition and Hedonic motivation) don’t support their hypotheses).
Espace français, espace anglo-américain. Pour une sémantique comparée du mot « administration » à l’âge moderne
Authors: Mannori Luca 
Published: February 2021

Terme longtemps dépourvu de toute signification constitutionnelle spécifique, « administration » ne commence à occuper une place définie dans le langage du pouvoir qu’à partir de la crise définitive de l’État de justice, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle français. Le monde anglo-saxon, d’autre part, qui ne fait pas l’expérience, à la même époque, d’une gestion exécutive du pouvoir, continue d’ignorer la nouvelle signification du mot pendant la majeure partie du XIXe siècle ; et quand même il en prend conscience, il refuse de l’accueillir dans son vocabulaire. Ce n’est qu’au terme d’un complexe processus, qui occupera la plus grande partie du XXe siècle et dont l’article offre un bref aperçu, que cette sorte d’ostracisme conceptuel sera peu à peu dépassé.
Des territoires entre tutelle et auto-administration : le premier débat constitutionnel en Espagne
Authors: Portillo Valdés José María 
Published: February 2021

Ce texte propose une compréhension fine de l’idée de nation qui avait cours à l’époque du premier constitutionnalisme espagnol. Même s’il apparaît bien que la nation, comme l’a souligné à plusieurs reprises l’historiographie, était entendue comme un sujet unitaire et souverain établi sur les deux hémisphères, il faut voir la « nation espagnole » comme un ensemble complexe de corps, dont les corps municipaux et les corps provinciaux entre lesquels elle était articulée. Pour rendre compatible ces deux données structurelles, unité de la nation et complexité interne, la première constitution espagnole créa des institutions spécifiques (municipes constitutionnels et députations provinciales) et surtout distingua entre souveraineté (nationale) et administration (municipale, provinciale et nationale). Ce texte explore les discours et les débats autour de ces questions entre 1810 et 1812.