bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Three-dimensional Simulation of Granular Mixtures Weir
Authors: Shen Zhen-Dong , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the development of ecological water conservancy engineering, many new weir designs have also emerged. This paper has put forward a new kind of granular mixtures weir based on the systematic carding weir researches, combined with investigation. The numerical simulation of granular weir is carried out by using Flow-3D, and the results are compared with the physical model experiment results. The numerical simulation results of the flow velocity, flow distribution and the failure of the weir are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that the 3-D mathematical model can be combined with physical model experiments to simulate the granular mixtures weir in all directions. Using this method to analysis the characteristics and hydraulic parameters can provide technical support for the follow-up research of ecological weir.
Evaluation of the Impact of High-Speed Train Service Level on Passenger Flow
Authors: Yan Wang , Lei Nie , Yu Ke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the relationship between high-speed train service level and passenger flow is the cornerstone of the scientific and reasonable formulation and optimization of train operation plan. The two most critical elements of train service level are travel speed and train service frequency. Based on the city level, the number of departure trains per day, and the number of departure passengers per day, the stations are divided into three classes: large stations, medium stations and small stations. Aiming at large stations OD (Origin-Destination), a Logit model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the impact of travel speed on passenger flow. Aiming at medium and small stations OD, the gravity model is constructed to quantitatively analyze the impact of train service frequency on passenger flow. Taking China’s Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line as an example, the results show: Large stations OD should reduce train stops and increase travel speed overall to attract more transferring passengers; Medium and small stations OD should increase train stops and increase service frequency to induce more potential passengers.
Analysis on the impact of ship oil spill pollution on marine environmental risk
Authors: Zhu Yuxin , Shou Youping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, Zhanjiang port is taken as a typical sea area to study the influence of oil film on marine environment under the joint action of current and wind. In the simulation process, the final destination of the oil film after evaporation, emulsification, dissolution and sedimentation is considered. fter the oil spill accident, the probability of oil spill in the range of 1 ∼ 5km to the west of the leakage location is more than 70%; in dongtoushan Island, the probability of being affected by the oil spill can reach more than 40%; the probability of being affected by the oil spill in the marine reserve of Techeng island is more than 20%; the probability of the impact of oil spill on the restricted red line area of Mangrove in Nanshan island is less than 10%. In the sea area affected by oil spill, its marine life and ecology will also be affected.
Microwave Irradiation Assisted Synthesis of Gallium Aluminum Oxide Using Metal Acetylacetonate Precursors, Peculiar Observations and Safety Guidelines for Young Scientists
Authors: Punetha Pooja , Jaiswal Piyush 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Microwave-assisted nano-particle synthesis has seen a boom in recent decade. Different variants are being tested all over the world, be it microwave-irradiation-assisted solvothermal synthesis, thin-film deposition using microwave plasma-assisted CVD, microwave-assisted combustion synthesis, or mist CVD. This technology induces self-catalysis, faster reaction time, less energy and is considered safer from other purely chemical variants. Gallium-Aluminum Oxide is an oxide of vital importance. Gallium Oxide in its most stable form, β-Ga2O3, has a band-gap of ∼4.8 eV and cannot be used for deep ultra-violet (UV) applications (i.e., below 250 nm). Aluminum oxide is a wide band-gap material. The ionic radius of Aluminum ions is similar to that of Gallium ions. Therefore, according to Hume-Rothery rule, Aluminum ion can substitute Gallium in its lattice structure and vice-versa. This gives the possibility of band-gap engineering from 4.6 eV (band-gap, β-Gallium Oxide) to 8.8 eV (band-gap, α-Aluminum Oxide), extending the application of Gallium Oxide to deep UV applications. In present work, three different compositions of Gallium-Aluminum Oxide thin films (varied by mass) are deposited, using microwave-irradiation-assisted solvothermal thin-film deposition technique and metal acetylacetonate precursors. A stoichiometric ratio of ∼5:1 is obtained for 90:100 variation. For 50:50 and 10:90, the stoichiometric ratio remained close to 5:5 and 1:9, respectively, showing good agreement with the Gallium to Aluminum ratio in precursor solution. The investigation is done by using energy dispersive X-Ray analysis. A particle variation from 5 nm to 500 nm was obtained as calculated from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) results. In second part of the work, the corresponding author wants to strongly argue that “Microwave in kitchen is not same as microwave in lab” and report some of the observations from lab to pave a way towards a truly Green or safer technology.
What Is Being Reported About Vaginal “Lasers”?: An Examination of Adverse Events Reported to the Food and Drug Administration on Energy-Based Devices
Authors: Burkett Linda , Moalli Pamela , Ackenbom Mary 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
A description of energy-based genitourinary non-surgical devices (energy-based devices) safety data is outlined given their rapid adoption.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe adverse events for energy-based devices in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database and to compare with similar devices and other subspecialty applications. We hypothesized that products with genitourinary applications had similar adverse events to dermatologic or general surgery applications.

Methods
The authors used Reed Tech Navigator to compile adverse events reports for all registered energy-based devices. Individual adverse events reports associated with (1) non-ablative, (2) fractionated, (3) unfractionated, (4) radiofrequency, and (5) hybrid laser technologies were categorized. Adverse event characteristics were compared among genitourinary applications (n = 39) and other subspecialty applications within the same devices (n = 79).

Results
Eighteen manufacturers were identified, which collectively manufacture 43 products with genitourinary applications. Thirty-nine genitourinary adverse events were reported and isolated to 6 manufacturers with 11 products, of which 82% (n = 32) were injuries, 15% (n = 6) were device malfunction, and 3% (n = 1) were related to improper maintenance. Local treatment reactions were the most commonly reported injury (62%, n = 21). Adverse events varied by device type, with CO2 lasers having more burns and radiofrequency devices having higher rates of sensation loss. Comparing similar technology types, genitourinary energy-based devices had the fewest adverse events reports per device in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database.

Conclusions
Adverse events were reported for one-quarter of the products currently available, and most were local treatment reactions. The reporting of adverse events is equal to that of other subspecialties, suggesting similar risk profiles. Improved reporting is needed to fully evaluate the safety of individual energy-based devices.

Level of Evidence: 4
High-Definition Lipoplasty in Male Patients: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Escandón Joseph M , Vyas Krishna S , Manrique Oscar J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLipoplasty has undergone a series of refinements since its inception. It is now possible to apply superficial suction to enhance the outline of a muscle in order to improve the results of aesthetic lipoplasty.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the techniques and surgical outcomes of high-definition lipoplasty (HDL) in male patients.MethodsA systematic search across PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and SCOPUS was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Data regarding the surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications were extracted.ResultsThirteen studies comprising 1280 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 71 years. The average BMI was 26.5 kg/m2. The follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 10 years. The liposculpting concepts reported were abdominal etching, high-definition, muscular sculpture, and dynamic definition. Four studies used conventional liposuction, 3 used VASER-assisted HDL, and 6 studies used power-assisted liposculpting. Eight studies reported the use of fat grafting. All studies reported the use of postoperative garments and a well-established wound treatment protocol. Overall satisfaction ranged from 84% to 100%. The most common complications reported were fluid collection, hyperpigmentation, contour irregularities, anemia, and port dehiscence.ConclusionsA wide variety of techniques are available to perform HDL with a variable degree of definition. Careful patient selection is critical for successful results because HDL is not suitable for every patient. Finally, proper training and adequate knowledge of abdominal anatomy is necessary to avoid complications.Level of Evidence: 4
Detecting methylation quantitative trait loci using a methylation random field method
Authors: Lyu Chen , Huang Manyan , Liu Nianjun , Chen Zhongxue , Lupo Philip J , Tycko Benjamin , Witte John S , Hobbs Charlotte A , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
DNA methylation may be regulated by genetic variants within a genomic region, referred to as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). The changes of methylation levels can further lead to alterations of gene expression, and influence the risk of various complex human diseases. Detecting mQTLs may provide insights into the underlying mechanism of how genotypic variations may influence the disease risk. In this article, we propose a methylation random field (MRF) method to detect mQTLs by testing the association between the methylation level of a CpG site and a set of genetic variants within a genomic region. The proposed MRF has two major advantages over existing approaches. First, it uses a beta distribution to characterize the bimodal and interval properties of the methylation trait at a CpG site. Second, it considers multiple common and rare genetic variants within a genomic region to identify mQTLs. Through simulations, we demonstrated that the MRF had improved power over other existing methods in detecting rare variants of relatively large effect, especially when the sample size is small. We further applied our method to a study of congenital heart defects with 83 cardiac tissue samples and identified two mQTL regions, MRPS10 and PSORS1C1, which were colocalized with expression QTL in cardiac tissue. In conclusion, the proposed MRF is a useful tool to identify novel mQTLs, especially for studies with limited sample sizes.
rPanglaoDB: an R package to download and merge labeled single-cell RNA-seq data from the PanglaoDB database
Authors: Osorio Daniel , Kuijjer Marieke L , Cai James J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Characterizing cells with rare molecular phenotypes is one of the promises of high throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques. However, collecting enough cells with the desired molecular phenotype in a single experiment is challenging, requiring several samples preprocessing steps to filter and collect the desired cells experimentally before sequencing. Data integration of multiple public single-cell experiments stands as a solution for this problem, allowing the collection of enough cells exhibiting the desired molecular signatures. By increasing the sample size of the desired cell type, this approach enables a robust cell type transcriptome characterization.

Results
Here, we introduce rPanglaoDB, an R package to download and merge the uniformly processed and annotated scRNA-seq data provided by the PanglaoDB database. To show the potential of rPanglaoDB for collecting rare cell types by integrating multiple public datasets, we present a biological application collecting and characterizing a set of 157 fibrocytes. Fibrocytes are a rare monocyte-derived cell type, that exhibits both the inflammatory features of macrophages and the tissue remodeling properties of fibroblasts. This constitutes the first fibrocytes’ unbiased transcriptome profile report. We compared the transcriptomic profile of the fibrocytes against the fibroblasts collected from the same tissue samples and confirm their associated relationship with healing processes in tissue damage and infection through the activation of the prostaglandin biosynthesis and regulation pathway.

Availability and implementation
rPanglaoDB is implemented as an R package available through the CRAN repositories https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rPanglaoDB.
The power and the promise of circRNAs for cancer precision medicine with functional diagnostics and prognostic prediction
Authors: Ma Yu-Shui , Cao Yong-Feng , Liu Ji-Bin , Li Wen , Deng Jing , Yang Xiao-Li , Xin Rui , Shi Yi , Zhang Dan-Dan , Lv Zhong-Wei , Fu Da 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a large class of covalently closed circRNA. As a member of competitive endogenous RNA, it participates in the regulation of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and plays an important role in the regulation of physiology and pathology. CircRNA is produced by the reverse splicing of exon, intron or both, forming exon or intron circRNA. Studies have shown that circRNA is a ubiquitous molecule, which exceeds the linear mRNA distributed in human cells. Because of its covalent closed-loop structure, circRNA is resistant to RNase R, which is more stable than linear mRNA; circRNA is highly conserved in different species. It was found that circRNA competitively adsorbs miRNA, as a miRNA sponge, to involve in the expression regulation of a variety of genes and plays an important role in tumor development, invasion, metastasis and other processes. These molecules offer new potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention and serve as biomarkers for diagnosis. In this paper, the origin, characteristics and functions of circRNA and its role in tumor development, invasion and metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis are reviewed.
Effect and quality of couple-based interventions of middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review
Authors: Wang Caixuan , Wu Min , Yang Yung-Jen , Liao Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown the existence of health concordance between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their spouses, and also that spouses could influence the effect of self-management, benefiting patients’ health. However, these studies are heterogeneous and the evidence is inconclusive.

Objective
To synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials: the interventional effects and the quality of study performance, also to identify the research gap and the directions for future studies.

Methods
We performed the scoping review by following the PRISMA-ScR guidance. We searched and examined the reports from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL Plus by the pre-specified criteria. Key characteristics and information of eligible reports were extracted, analysed and synthesized comprehensively, and the results were presented in the form of words and diagrams.

Results
We identified 5 reports from 4 studies out of 3479 records included. Qualified studies indicated a positive effect of couple-based interventions on couples’ distress. Insufficient evidence on physiological health or health behaviours was identified owing to the small number of included studies and inconsistent assessment outcomes. The methodological quality across these studies was generally low due to inadequate reporting of study process and substantial biases.

Conclusions
Couple-based interventions for patients with T2DM showed small effects on the couple’s distress while the effects of other outcomes were inconclusive. Future studies should strengthen methodologies by using standard measures of core diabetic outcomes, including detailed assessments of implementation process, and taking a dyadic approach to systematically examine the effects.
Shifting proteomes: limitations in using the BioID proximity labeling system to study SNARE protein trafficking during infection with intracellular pathogens
Authors: Jorgenson Lisa M , Olson-Wood Macy G , Rucks Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We hypothesize that intracellular trafficking pathways are altered in chlamydial infected cells to maximize the ability of Chlamydia to scavenge nutrients while not overtly stressing the host cell. Previous data demonstrated the importance of two eukaryotic SNARE proteins, VAMP4 and syntaxin 10 (St × 10), in chlamydial growth and development. Although, the mechanism for these effects is still unknown. To interrogate whether chlamydial infection altered these proteins' networks, we created BirA*-VAMP4 and BirA*-St × 10 fusion constructs to use the BioID proximity labeling system. While we identified a novel eukaryotic protein-protein interaction between St × 10 and VAPB, we also identified caveats in using the BioID system to study the impact of infection by an obligate intracellular pathogen on SNARE protein networks. The addition of the BirA* altered the localization of VAMP4 and St × 10 during infection with C. trachomatis serovars L2 and D and C. burnetii Nine Mile Phase II. We also discovered that BirA* traffics to and biotinylates Coxiella-containing vacuoles and, in general, has a propensity for labeling membrane or membrane-associated proteins. While the BioID system identified a novel association for St × 10, it is not a reliable methodology to examine intracellular trafficking pathway dynamics during infection with intracellular pathogens.
Factors Associated With Assisted Living Facility Closure
Authors: June Joseph W , Dobbs Debra , Molinari Victor , Meng Hongdao , Bowblis John R , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Assisted living facilities (ALFs) have experienced rapid growth in the past few decades. The expansion in the number of ALFs may cause markets to become oversaturated, and a greater risk of unprofitable ALFs to close. However, no studies have investigated ALF closure. This study adapted a model developed for the nursing home market for the ALF market to examine the organizational, internal, and external factors associated with closure.

Research Design and Methods
Data on 1,939 ALFs operating in 2013 from Florida were used to estimate a logistic regression to examine the organizational, internal, and external factors that were associated with closure between 2013 and 2015.

Results
During the 2-year study period, 141 ALFs (7.3%) closed. Significant factors associated with increased odds of closure included fewer beds, not accepting Medicaid, and more deficiencies. Two factors (market concentration and population density) were marginally significant.

Discussion and Implications
The results of this study confirm the usefulness of a model that includes organizational, internal, and external factors to predict ALF closure. These outcomes highlight the concerns that closure can affect access to community-based long-term care, especially for rural older adults, and indicate an expansion of Medicaid acceptance in ALFs could be protective against closure.
Influences on the physical activity of Syrian migrants in Germany: results of a qualitative study
Authors: Sauter Alexandra , Kikhia Salma , Loss Julika 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Due to the ongoing Syrian conflict, Syrian migrants represent the third-largest group of immigrants in Germany. They are, therefore, potential addressees for health-promotion programs, such as physical activity (PA). Thus, this study aimed to explore the relevance of PA, how PA may change with increasing length of stay and what are the facilitators and barriers of PA in the host country. Using a longitudinal, qualitative study design, 30 semi-standardized qualitative interviews with Syrian migrants were conducted in 2018 and 17 migrants could be followed-up after 12 months in 2019 and were asked for changes in their PA-behavior. Interviews were conducted in German, English or Arabic, transcribed and translated into English if necessary. For analysis, an abbreviated version of the Grounded Theory was used. We identified three PA phases that Syrian immigrants underwent during their first years in Germany. Phase 1 includes bureaucratic matters. Health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are not relevant. Phase 2 comprises the establishment of basic structures. PA can gain importance and (new) behaviors can be established. In Phase 3, immigrants feel under pressure to successfully complete an (academic) education in Germany. Feelings toward PA can become ambivalent. Overall, health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are often of secondary priority and factors influencing PA are heterogeneous not only on an individual but also societal and institutional level. PA-programs should be advertised bilingually, offered low-threshold and at low cost in order to reach the target group. In addition, there is a high demand for mental health services.
Effects of Mixing Energy Drinks With Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills
Authors: Pérez-Mañá Clara , Mateus Julián Andrés , Díaz-Pellicer Patricia , Díaz-Baggerman Ariadna , Pérez Marta , Pujadas Mitona , Fonseca Francina , Papaseit Esther , Pujol Jesús , Langohr Klaus , de la Torre Rafael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Energy drinks (EDs) reduce sleepiness and fatigue and improve driving performance whereas alcohol does just the opposite. Although it is a trendy combination among young people, the effects of alcohol mixed with EDs on driving performance have been poorly studied. The aim was to assess if there is an interaction between the effects of both drinks on driving-related skills as well as perceptions about driving ability.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled 4-way crossover clinical trial. Participants were 16 healthy volunteers. Interventions of 60 g of ethanol and 750 mL of Red Bull (RB) were administered in 2 separated doses. Conditions were alcohol + RB placebo, alcohol + RB, alcohol placebo + RB, and both placebos. Objective performance was assessed using a tracking test and simple reaction time, N-Back, and movement estimation tasks. Additionally, willingness to drive, other subjective effects, and ethanol and caffeine blood concentrations were also measured.

Results
Alcohol increased the time outside the road in the tracking test and increased simple reaction time, but the addition of RB had no main or interaction effects on performance. Nonetheless, driving-related skills after alcohol + RB were better than after alcohol alone. Willingness to drive increased with the combination of drinks. RB also reduced alcohol-induced sedation whereas drunkenness did not change. These effects were seen even though alcohol + RB increased alcohol (14.8%) and caffeine plasma concentrations (17.6%).

Conclusions
Mixing EDs with alcohol predisposes consumers to drive under alcohol influence, perhaps in part because EDs counteract its detrimental effects on driving-related skills.
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02771587.