bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worse is worse and better doesn't matter?: The effects of favorable and unfavorable environmental information on consumers’ willingness to pay
Authors: Petersen Lars , Hörisch Jacob , Jacobs Kathleen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for environmentally friendly products is a key challenge for sustainable development in market economies. Still, how consumers react to favorable and unfavorable environmental information of different quantitative extents is largely unknown. This research therefore uses prospect theory and competing theoretical foundations to derive pertinent hypotheses and test them by using a multi‐level structural equation model. The analysis draws on a survey‐based experiment conducted among a representative sample of the German population. Results confirm key assertions of prospect theory. The negative effect caused by unfavorable product carbon footprint information on WTP is stronger than the positive effect caused by respective favorable information. Besides this negativity bias, consumers tend to generally reward or punish deviations of a product's environmental performance from industry average instead of consistently accounting for the size of these deviations. From a sustainable development perspective, the observed patterns highlight a problematic contrast between the need for substantial environmental improvements and limited market incentives for companies. Consequently, political intervention is needed to introduce negative labeling, raise consumers’ reference points, set minimum industry standards, and subsidize companies for radical improvements.
What Does the Cross‐Section Tell About Itself? Explaining Equity Risk Premia with Stock Return Moments
Authors: COOPER ILAN , MA LIANG , MAIO PAULO 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe derive a parsimonious equilibrium three‐factor asset pricing model (cross‐sectional CAPM, CS‐CAPM) in which the realized cross‐sectional second and third moments of long‐short equity portfolio returns are the driving forces in terms of pricing cross‐sectional equity risk premia. Stock market segmentation implies that these two (nonmarket) factors are priced in equilibrium. The three‐factor model offers a large fit for the joint cross‐sectional risk premia associated with 26 prominent CAPM anomalies, with explanatory ratios around or above 40%. The CS‐CAPM compares favorably with multifactor models widely used in the literature. The cross‐sectional factors are not subsumed by traditional ICAPM risk factors.
The shifting landscape of cannabis legalization: Potential benefits and regulatory perspectives
Authors: Newman Christopher L. , Mason Marlys J. , Langenderfer Jeff 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis comment is a response to Al‐Hamdani et al. (forthcoming) in this issue. The authors of that paper advocate plain packaging and warning label regulation for cannabis drawing on research from Canadian tobacco labelling and based on the public health dangers of cannabis. While we acknowledge the harmful effects of cannabis for some vulnerable consumers, this paper highlights the benefits of cannabis legalization and proposes regulatory oversight more akin to alcohol with a goal of responsible usage, information, and access; rather than one drawn from tobacco labeling, a product with few discernable benefits and myriad documented harms. Highlighted advantages include increased tax revenues, enforcement cost savings, therapeutic benefits, positive environmental impacts, and social benefits such as a reduction in racial disparities related to marijuana prosecutions. We discuss how a regulatory approach that mirrors alcohol control can better foster consumer protection, fair competition, and public interest in this emerging industry.
Novel cannabidiol aspartame combination treatment (JW‐100) significantly reduces ISGA score in atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled interventional study
Authors: Gao Yanrui , Li Yingfang , Tan Yimei , Liu Wei , Ouaddi Sara , McCoy John , Kovacevic Maja , Situm Mirna , Stanimirovic Andrija , Li Marissa , Wambier Carlos , Goren Andy , Zou Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that erupts periodically. Although the negative impact of the disorder on overall quality of life has been well established, new treatments for AD are still needed. Various studies have reported on cannabidiol’s effectiveness in relieving pain and easing inflammation while not presenting major health risks.AimsIn this communication, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel cannabidiol (CBD) and aspartame formulation, JW‐100, in relieving signs and symptoms of AD.Patients/MethodsWe conducted a double‐blinded placebo‐controlled interventional study randomizing patients to one of three treatment groups: JW‐100 (CBD plus aspartame), CBD only, or placebo topical formulations. The Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score was used to document any changes in AD resulting from the applied interventions at 14 days.ResultsFifty‐seven patients completed the trial and were included in the final analysis. The ISGA score of the patients at baseline was 2.56, 2.24, and 2.24, for the JW‐100, CBD, and placebo groups, respectively. After two weeks of treatment, the ISGA score reduced by 1.28, 0.81, and 0.71, for the JW‐100, CBD, and placebo groups, respectively. The JW‐100 cohorts demonstrated statistically significant ISGA score reduction (p = 0.042). 50% of patients in the JW‐100 group achieved ISGA score of clear or almost clear (0 or 1) with at least a 2‐grade improvement from baseline after treatment (p = 0.028). Only 20% and 15% of patients in the CBD only and placebo groups reported ISGA score of clear or almost clear (0 or 1).ConclusionsJW‐100, a novel topical formulation containing CBD and aspartame, was demonstrated to produce statistically significant improvements in AD following 14 days of topical application.
Alcohol use disorders are associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis in a rural area of Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Machado , Cerezer Débora Martins , Casarin Maísa , Moreira Carlos Heitor Cunha , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to determine whether alcohol use disorders (AUD) are independently associated with severe and extent cases of periodontitis in individuals living in a rural area of Brazil.MethodsA representative probability sample (N = 585) was evaluated using six‐site full‐mouth periodontal examination. AUD was assessed using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and considered in its unidimensional and bidimensional factor structures. The first address hazardous alcohol consumption [HAC (overall scores ≥8)], and the second deals with two distinct constructs, harmful use [HU (items 1–3 scores ≥4 for men or ≥3 for women)], and alcohol‐related consequences [ARC (items 4–10 scores ≥1)]. Periodontal outcomes were defined based on the criteria proposed by the CDC‐AAP (2012) and an adaptation of the EFP‐AAP (2018) definition of generalized stages III or IV periodontitis (GP). Adjusted multilevel multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis were used with a conceptual hierarchical approach to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of periodontal outcomes.ResultsIn the adjusted model, HU (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.29–5.58) and ARC (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 1.51–9.51) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (SP). Higher occurrence of GP was detected in individuals presenting HAC (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05–3.37) and ARC (OR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.61–5.24).ConclusionAUD was independently associated with higher prevalence of SP and GP in individuals living in a rural area.
Allergen‐specific IgG show distinct patterns in persistent and transient food allergy
Authors: McKendry Richard T. , Kwok Matthew , Hemmings Oliver , James Louisa K. , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmediate food‐allergic reactions are IgE‐mediated, but many individuals with detectable allergen‐specific IgE do not react to the food. Allergen‐specific IgG may interfere with allergen‐IgE interaction and/or through intracellular inhibitory signalling to suppress mast cell and basophil response to food allergens. We aimed to understand the role of allergen‐specific IgG in food allergy and natural tolerance.MethodsIgG and IgG isotypes specific to peanut, cow's milk and egg were measured using ImmunoCAP and ELISA respectively in samples of children with suspected food allergies. Expression of IgE and IgG and their receptors and expression of activation markers following allergen stimulation were measured on basophils and mast cells by flow cytometry, with and without blockade of FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ receptors.ResultsThe levels of peanut‐specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in ELISA were higher in peanut‐allergic than in non–peanut‐allergic children. No difference in allergen‐specific IgG isotypes was observed between allergic and non‐allergic children to milk or egg, except for milk‐specific IgG4 that was higher in non–cow's milk‐allergic than in cow's milk‐allergic children. Basophils and LAD2 cells expressed IgG receptors, but IgG and IgA were not detected on the surface of either cell type and blocking FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ did not modify basophil or mast cell activation in response to allergen in allergic or tolerant children.ConclusionAllergen‐specific IgG patterns were distinct in persistent (peanut) versus transient (milk and egg) food allergies. We found no evidence that FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ receptors affect allergen‐induced activation of mast cells and basophils in food allergy or natural tolerance.
Guns or Butter… or Elections? Understanding intertemporal and distributive dimensions of policy choice through the examination of budgetary tradeoffs at the local level
Authors: McGowan Mary Jo , Pope JoEllen V. , Kropf Martha E. , Mohr Zachary 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe level of spending for public services is known to be influenced by spending on other services. This interdependency is known in the literature in public budgeting and finance as budgetary tradeoffs. While it is well known that spending in one area affects spending in other areas, the factors that influence budgetary tradeoff decisions are not well understood, and specifically how intertemporal evaluation of funding influences budgetary tradeoffs is not currently addressed in the public budgeting and finance literature. Building on Jacob's theory of intertemporal policy choice, we develop a tradeoff model to test the key predictions of intertemporal policy choice theory. Using data from counties in North Carolina, we find that partisanship and time horizon generally influence budgetary tradeoffs in ways that are consistent with intertemporal policy choice. This research informs the budgetary tradeoff choices that are made at the local level, and it specifically informs the unique case of election administration spending. Our findings lend theoretical support to assertions that election administration is underfunded in the United States because the budgetary tradeoff models suggest that election administration suffers from not having a natural constituency to advocate for it in county governments and because the outcomes from funding or underfunding are only observed intermittently.
CTP synthase is essential for early endosperm development by regulating nuclei spacing
Authors: Yoon Jinmi , Cho Lae‐Hyeon , Kim Sung‐Ryul , Tun Win , Peng Xin , Pasriga Richa , Moon Sunok , Hong Woo‐Jong , Ji Hyeonso , Jung Ki‐Hong , Jeon Jong‐Seong , An Gynheung 
Published: May 2021

SummaryCereal grain endosperms are an important source of human nutrition. Nuclear division in early endosperm development plays a major role in determining seed size; however, this development is not well understood. We identified the rice mutant endospermless 2 (enl2), which shows defects in the early stages of endosperm development. These phenotypes arise from mutations in OsCTPS1 that encodes a cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS). Both wild‐type and mutant endosperms were normal at 8 h after pollination (HAP). In contrast, at 24 HAP, enl2 endosperm had approximately 10–16 clumped nuclei while wild‐type nuclei had increased in number and migrated to the endosperm periphery. Staining of microtubules in endosperm at 24 HAP revealed that wild‐type nuclei were evenly distributed by microtubules while the enl2‐2 nuclei were tightly packed due to their reduction in microtubule association. In addition, OsCTPS1 interacts with tubulins; thus, these observations suggest that OsCTPS1 may be involved in microtubule formation. OsCTPS1 transiently formed macromolecular structures in the endosperm during early developmental stages, further supporting the idea that OsCTPS1 may function as a structural component during endosperm development. Finally, overexpression of OsCTPS1 increased seed weight by promoting endosperm nuclear division, suggesting that this trait could be used to increase grain yield.
Early application of non‐invasive ventilation for children with pulmonary edema after drowning
Authors: Şık Nihan , Şenol Hüseyin Bahadır , Çağlar Aykut , Yılmaz Durgül , Duman Murat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the efficacy of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) on the clinical course, oxygenation, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and outcomes for children with pulmonary edema after drowning.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review. Children who were referred to the pediatric emergency department due to drowning‐related pulmonary edema and underwent NIV between May 2014 and October 2020 were included. Demographics, vital signs, clinical findings, and results of laboratory and radiologic investigations were recorded. Patients were divided into six groups using the Szpilman classification system. The need for IMV, the need for pediatric intensive care unit admission, and the length of NIV treatment and stay in the pediatric intensive care unit were recorded for each patient.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were enrolled. According to the Szpilman classification, 13 (52.0%) patients were evaluated as grade 3 and 12 (48.0%) as grade 4. All patients were treated with bi‐level positive airway pressure in the spontaneous / timed mode. A significant increase in oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and SpO₂/fraction of inspired oxygen ratios was observed from the beginning of NIV treatment and this increase was also observed for the second and fourth hours. There was a decrease in respiratory rate at the fourth hour of NIV treatment. No patient subsequently deteriorated to require IMV.ConclusionsWe have reported a favorable clinical course of drowning patients who underwent early use of NIV in the pediatric emergency department. Management of drowning patients with pulmonary edema by NIV with close follow‐up can be successfully applied in selected cases.
Factors enabling systematized national school health services in Japan
Authors: Shizume Erika , Tomokawa Sachi , Miyake Kimihiro , Asakura Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundJapan has provided nationwide school health services since 1872. However, the system used and the factors enabling this provision have not been fully and systematically explored. This study aimed to provide an overview of the system and identify enabling factors for the provision of school health services in Japan, to support successful implementation in developing countries.MethodsWe reviewed research papers and related documents and identified factors likely to support successful provision of school health services in developing countries.ResultsThe following six key factors were identified that support systematized, nationwide school health service provision in Japan: (i) existence of a legal basis for school health services provision, (ii) partnership between the education and health sectors, (iii) a systematized supervision system at all administrative levels, (iv) clear definition of essential services and stakeholders’ responsibilities, (v) utilization of skilled human resources for school health services at school level, and (vi) regular assessment of children’s health issues.ConclusionFive factors were proposed as essential for successful provision of school health services in developing countries: (i) formulation of national school health policies and guidelines with clear definitions of essential health services and stakeholders’ responsibilities, (ii) strengthening partnerships within and between health and education sectors at all administrative levels, (iii) building cooperation between school and health professionals and at the community and school levels, (iv) establishing sustainable development of personnel for school health in the education sector, and (v) developing systems for collecting children’s health data, assessing their health issues, and monitoring and evaluating the implementation.
Feasibility of Immunoadsorption plasmapheresis in an infant for ABO‐incompatible solid organ transplant—A reality
Authors: Gaur Saumil , Paul Partha Pratim , Motamarri Mounika , Tulla Shaik Raham 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunoadsorption (IA) plasmapheresis is standard modality for pretransplant desensitization in ABO‐incompatible solid organ transplants though technically challenging when considered for an infant or a child less than 10 kg due to non‐availability of pediatric immunoadsorption (IA) columns. The major challenge is to maintain hemodynamic stability considering the large extracorporeal circuit volume meant for adults. To our best knowledge after extensive search in acclaimed global medical journals, this is the first successful attempt in an underweight (6 kg) infant of less than 1 year of age using adult size IA Column thus making it a reality.Case characteristicsWe report an 8‐month‐old male infant (A positive) of 6 kg with decompensated liver disease secondary to extrahepatic biliary atresia requiring urgent live donor liver transplantation with AB positive donor with significantly elevated pretransplant anti‐B IgG/ IgM antibody titers >1:1024. Baby underwent multiple sessions of anti‐B immunoadsorption plasmapheresis to lower anti‐B IgM / IgG titers using available adult anti‐B immunoadsorption column. Postprocedure, the antibody titers reduced to 1:8 (anti‐IgG) 1:16 (anti‐IgM) followed by successful ABO‐incompatible live donor liver transplant (LDLT).OutcomeAnti‐B titers remained in normal range in the immediate and post‐transplant period with satisfactory liver functions and no rejection.ConclusionImmunoadsorption plasmapheresis for ABO‐incompatible solid organ transplantation in infants gives desirable results and can be offered to small sized infants using currently available adult sized IA columns when conducted with adequate technical expertise.
Development of the Dementia Caregiver Positive Feeling Scale 21‐item version (DCPFS‐21) in Japan to recognise positive feelings about caregiving for people with dementia
Authors: Fuju Taiga , Yamagami Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Haruyasu , Yamazaki Tsuneo 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop and validate the Dementia Caregiver Positive Feeling Scale 21‐item version (DCPFS‐21) in Japan.MethodsWe selected and generated 27 items based on the preliminary 25‐item version of the DCPFS. Next, the DCPFS‐21 was developed and validated through two phases. In Phase 1, we obtained data from 147 caregivers of people with dementia by using the 27‐item version, examined the construct validity and internal consistency of the scale and then selected 21 items (DCPFS‐21). In Phase 2, we compared the scores of 30 caregivers of people with dementia on the DCPFS‐21 with the standard scales. Four weeks after the first examination, we re‐examined the intra‐rater reliability.ResultsIn Phase 1, via factor analysis, we reduced the 27 items to 21 items (DCPFS‐21). Moreover, the DCPFS‐21 was grouped into four subscales, namely, meaning in caregiving, caregiving mastery, positive emotion on caregiving and support from others. This classification agreed with the following factors extracted from the pilot study. The DCPFS‐21 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92). In Phase 2, the DCPFS‐21 correlated with the Caregiving Gratification Scale by 0.54 (P < 0.01). The DCPFS‐21 also showed good intra‐rater reliability (1.1: ρ = 0.62).ConclusionWe developed and validated the DCPFS‐21, which measures the positive feelings of family caregivers of people with dementia, in Japan.
High‐throughput sequencing reveals differential expression of miRNAs in yak and cattleyak epididymis
Authors: Wang Cailian , Hussain Solangi Tajmal , Wang Hongmei , Yang Liuyueling , Adjei Michael , Ahmed Siraj , Shahzad Khuram , Zhao Wangsheng , Lang Xia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCattleyaks (CY) are interspecific hybrids between cattle (Bos taurus) and yak (Bos gruniens, YK) exhibiting the same prominent adaptability and higher performances than YK. The main problem of this crossbreeding is that the males are sterile. Different series of events of spermatogenesis coordinate to regulate gene expressing, involving microRNAs (miRNAs). As non‐coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs), miRNAs predominantly facilitate the regulation of gene expression at post‐transcriptional stages and play important roles in the acquisition and maintenance of male fertility in reproduction. The function of miRNA in the male reproductive system extends from the testis into the epididymis, regulating gene expression and contributing to regional gene expression variations. RNA sequencing on biological replicates, we described differentially expressed miRNAs profiles for tissue from epididymis of YK and CY. In the present study, High‐throughput sequencing analysis showed that 55 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the epididymis of YK and CY. Among these, 43 DE miRNAs were upregulated while the remaining 12 DE miRNAs were downregulated between epididymis of YK and CY. In addition, we identified that the top most important DE miRNAs, bta‐miR‐449c, bta‐miR‐539, bta‐ miR‐136, bta‐miR‐504, bta‐miR‐31 and bta‐miR‐222 were involved in the process of sperm maturation in epididymis CY. It was identified that the bta‐miR‐449c and bta‐miR‐222 may play major roles in the process of sperm maturation, sperm quality, sperm count, sperm production and male infertility of CY. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses were performed to classify the functions of target genes for DE miRNAs. In addition, RT‐qPCR validation of the DE miRNAs and its targeted genes revealed that putative miRNAs are involved in the male CY infertility by altering the gene expression. Present findings may not only increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by the miRNAs in epididymis, but also provide a valuable information to understand the male infertility mechanism of CY.