bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the Use of a Smartphone Imaging-Based Tool for Point-of-Care Detection of Asymptomatic Low-Density Malaria Parasitemia
Authors: Colbert Ashlee Joi , Co Katrina , Lima-Cooper Giselle , Lee Dong Hoon , Clayton Katherine , Wereley Steven , John Chandy , Linnes Jacqueline , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, there are over 200 million cases of malaria annually and over 400,000 deaths. Early and accurate detection of low density parasitemia and asymptomatic individuals is key to achieving the WHO’s 2030 sustainable development goals of reducing malaria-related deaths by 90% and eradication in 35 countries. Current rapid diagnostic tests are neither sensitive nor specific enough to detect the low parasite concentrations in the blood of some asymptomatic individuals. Methods: Here, we combine an imaging-based sensing technique, particle diffusometry (PD), with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a smartphone-enabled device to detect low levels of parasitemia often associated with asymptomatic malaria. After amplification, PD quantifies the Brownian motion of fluorescent nanoparticles in the solution during a 30 second video taken on the phone. The resulting diffusion coefficient is used to detect the presence of Plasmodium DNA amplicons by comparing to coefficients of negative samples using a one-way ANOVA test.Results: As few as 1 parasite/µL of blood was detectable in 45 minutes without DNA extraction. We detected Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasites from asymptomatic individuals’ whole blood samples with 89% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Conclusions: PD-LAMP is of value for the detection of low density parasitemia especially in areas where trained personnel may be scarce. The demonstration of this smartphone biosensor paired with the sensitivity of LAMP provides a proof of concept to achieve widespread asymptomatic malaria testing at the point of care.
Intratumoral Hemorrhage After Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Obstructive Hydrocephalus Caused by Brain Tumors
Authors: Taguchi Akira , Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Takayasu Takeshi , Takano Motoki , Yonezawa Ushio , Tominaga Atsushi , Takeshima Yukio , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Yamasaki Fumiyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionEndoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for obstructive hydrocephalus and endoscopic biopsy (EB) for intra- and paraventricular tumors are recognized as standard therapies because of their minimal invasiveness. Although EB-associated hemorrhagic risk has been well documented, reports on the ETV-associated hemorrhagic risk are only few. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective study to review the incidence of hemorrhage due to EB and/or ETV in a single institution.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data, including patient characteristics, procedure, pathological findings, and complications, including hemorrhage, of 100 patients with intra- and paraventricular tumors who underwent EB and/or ETV at our institution from 2000 to 2020.ResultsEB and ETV combined surgery (combined group), EB-alone surgery (EB-alone group), and ETV-alone surgery (ETV-alone group) were performed in 44 (44%), 24 (24%), and 32 (32%) patients, respectively, and all procedures were successful. The rates of definitive and suggestive diagnoses in EB were 76.5% and 23.5%, respectively. Adverse events were observed in six patients. An acute obstruction of the ETV stoma and a transient double vision were observed in the combined group. Two transient aqueductal stenosis/obstructions were recognized in the EB-alone group. Hemorrhage was observed in two patients in the ETV-alone group; these patients developed intratumoral hemorrhage despite ETV-alone surgery. Subsequently, these two patients underwent tumor removal, and the histopathological diagnosis was atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) in both.ConclusionsFor obstructive hydrocephalus with AT/RTs, physicians must be aware of the risk of postoperative intratumoral hemorrhage after performing ETV.Trial registration numberE-2385 (2021/3/11)
Inherited unbalanced reciprocal translocation with 3q duplication and 5p deletion in a foetus revealed by Cell-Free foetal DNA (cffDNA) testing: A case report
Authors: Ali Taccyanna Mikulski , Mateu-Brull Emilia , Balaguer Nuria , Souza Camila Dantas de , Borges Haline Risso , Oliveira Mariana Quintans Guerra de , Rodrigo Lorena , Campos-Galindo Inmaculada , Navarro Roser , Milan Miguel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSince 2011, screening maternal blood for cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA) fragments has offered a robust clinical tool to classify pregnancy as low or high-risk for Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes. With recent advances in molecular biology and improvements in data analysis algorithms, the screening’s scope of analysis continues to expand. Indeed, screening now encompassess additional conditions, including aneuploidies for sex chromosomes, microdeletions and microduplications, rare autosomal trisomies, and, more recently, segmental deletions and duplications called copy number variations (CNVs). Yet, the ability to detect CNVs creates a new challenge for cffDNA analysis in couples in which one member carries a structural rearrangement such as a translocation or inversion.Case presentationWe report a segmental duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3 and a segmental deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 detected by cffDNA analysis in a 25-year-old pregnant woman. G-band karyotyping in amniotic fluid only detected an abnormality in chromosome 5. Next-generation sequencing in amniocytes confirmed both abnormalities and identified breakpoints in 3q26.32q29 and 5p13.3p15. The foetus died at 21 weeks of gestation due to multiple abnormalities, and later G-band karyotyping in the parents revealed that the father was a carrier of a balanced reciprocal translocation [46,XY,t(3;5)(q26.2;p13)]. Maternal karyotype appeared normal.ConclusionThis case provides evidence that extended cffDNA can detect, in addition to aneuploidies for whole chromosomes, large segmental aneuploidies. In some cases, this may indicate the presence of chromosomal rearrangements in a parent. Such abnormalities are outside the scope of standard cffDNA analysis targeting chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, potentially leading to undiagnosed congenital conditions.
Surface modification of magnesium oxide/epoxy composites with significantly improved mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Wasim , Seok Kim Jong , Memon Muddassir Ali , Khan Muhammad Yasir , Baloch Muhammad Moazam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrated the effect of functionalized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles with 3-(Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as fillers on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composite. The functionalization of MgO (S-MgO) considerably improved the inteface between the MgO and epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of the composites revealed that the addition of functionalized MgO improved their tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility when compared to neat epoxy. In compare to neat epoxy, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the epoxy composite with S-MgO filler improved by 10 folds. These observations indicated that the silane functionalization on MgO contributes to the formation of a strong interfacial bond and a compact interconnected network between the filler and the epoxy matrix.
Lens-induced hypopyon uveitis as the presenting manifestation of posterior lens nucleus dislocation following pars-plana vitrectomy: case report
Authors: Ksiaa Imen , Tahar Meriam Ben Hadj , Sellem Ilhem , Attia Sonia , Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 57-year-old otherwise healthy male presented to our department seven days following uneventful pars-plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade for a superior bullous retinal detachment in the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed anterior segment inflammation with hypopyon and fibrinous exudate. Intra-ocular pressure was 28 mm Hg. Posterior segment evaluation was difficult to assess due to the presence of anterior capsule opacification and gas bubble. A Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome was suspected and the patient was treated with topical and oral steroid medication associated with anti-glaucomatous therapy. On follow-up, anterior segment inflammation and ocular hypertension improved. On day ten post-operatively, ocular ultrasonography demonstrated lens material inferiorly with attached retina. The final diagnosis of posterior lens nucleus dislocation with lens-material antigenic uveitis was retained. The patient underwent an uneventful second vitrectomy with aspiration of the dislocated lens nucleus and sulcus three piece-lens implantation. On last follow-up, visual acuity was 20/50 with no relapsing of ocular inflammation and the retina remained reattached.
Therapeutic Analysis of Herbert Screw Fixation for Capitellar Fractures via the Anterior Approach in Children
Authors: Ju Lingpeng , Jiang Linjun , Zhang Yuan , Wu Jun , Li Ming , Liu Xing , Qu Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyse the efficacy of open reduction and Herbert screw fixation for coronal fractures of the capitellum via the anterior approach in children.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical and imaging data of 15 children with capitellar fractures who were admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to May 2019. The fracture was reduced through the cubital crease incision via the anterior approach and was internally fixated with Herbert screws. A follow-up was conducted after the operation to examine the fracture healing and elbow function. The postoperative functional recovery of patients was evaluated with the Mayo Elbow Performance index (MEPI) and the Broberg-Morrey rating system.Results: Patients underwent surgery 3.7 days after injury on average. Intraoperative fracture reduction was satisfactory. No vascular injury or nerve injury occurred. Bony union occurred in an average of 6 weeks after the operation. All children completed 12- to 36-month follow-up. At the last follow-up, the Mayo Elbow Performance index was considered excellent in 12 patients and good in three patients. The Broberg-Morrey score was considered excellent in 12 patients, good in two patients, and fair in one patient. Conclusion: Open reduction and Herbert screw fixation via the anterior approach are an ideal surgical method for the treatment of coronal fractures of the capitellum in children.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, retrospective study-Level IV
Ecdysis as an auxiliary route for the removal of heavy metals in crustaceans: Laboratory analysis with native mangrove specimens
Authors: Ramos Rômulo José , Leite Gustavo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fiddler crabs (Minuca burgersi) were kept under controlled conditions in an experimental laboratory to assess their ability to secrete metallic contaminants by ecdysis. They were fed different copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) concentrations, with subsequent measurement of heavy metals concentration in the released and renewed exoskeletons. Our results show that these crabs can purify both metals during ecdysis, demonstrating to be an efficient way to decontaminate these toxic components, besides accrediting this native species as a strong indicator of contamination in estuarine environments. Our results also reinforce the need for attention to the contamination characterization in crustaceans before and after ecdysis to avoid underestimation.
Consistent Estimation of Strain Rate Fields from GNSS Velocity Data Using Basis Function Expansion with ABIC
Authors: Okazaki Tomohisa , Fukahata Yukitoshi , Nishimura Takuya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Present day crustal displacement rates can be accurately observed at stations of global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and crustal deformation has been investigated by estimating strain-rate fields from discrete GNSS data. The method proposed by Shen et al. (J Geophys Res 101:27957–27980, 1996) offers a simple formulation for simultaneously estimating smooth velocity and strain-rate fields, and it has contributed to clarify crustal deformation fields in many regions all over the world. However, in this paper, we point out three theoretical disadvantages of the method: mathematical inconsistency between estimated velocity and strain-rate fields, inability to objectively determine the optimal value of a hyperparameter that controls smoothness, and inaccurate estimation of uncertainty. As an alternative, we propose a method of basis function expansion with Akaike's Bayesian information criterion (ABIC), which overcomes the above difficulties. Application of the two methods to GNSS data in Japan reveals that the inconsistency in the method of Shen et al. is generally insignificant, but could be serious in regions with sparser observation stations such as in islet areas. More importantly, the method of basis function expansion with ABIC shows a significantly better performance than the method of Shen et al. in terms of the trade-off curve between the residual of fitting and the roughness of velocity field. The estimated strain-rate field with the basis function expansion clearly exhibits a low strain-rate zone in the forearc from the southern Tohoku district to central Japan. We also find that the Ou Backbone Range has several contractive spots around active volcanoes and that these locations well correspond to the subsidence areas detected by InSAR after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. Thus, the method of basis function expansion with ABIC would serve as an effective tool for estimating strain-rate fields from GNSS data.
What are the main determinants of diffusion speed between academic research and industrial application? Evidence from four major clean-energy technologies
Authors: Probst Benedict , Anadón Laura Díaz , Kontoleon Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a slowdown of economic productivity in major Western and Asian economies. One of the most convincing causes is the slowdown in research productivity in key sectors of the economy, such as low-carbon technologies. The latter trend is particularly worrying as low-carbon technologies play a critical role in keeping global warming well below the 2°C that the Paris Agreement set. We rely on a novel data science method that connects scientific articles with patented technologies. We extract the scientific publications cited in more than 600,000 clean energy technologies (wind, solar, biomass, li-ion) and investigate what determines the diffusion speed between scientific research and patented technologies. We demonstrate that the higher the quality of the scientific article (measured by citations), the lower the distance between scientists and inventors, and the higher the similarity between the content of the scientific article and the patent, the faster the diffusion between research and application. Yet, we also show that while more dissimilar content takes longer to be used in patents, the eventual impact of the patent is greater, possibly because it is more innovative. Our data also reveals that while distance appears to matter for the speed of knowledge diffusion, patents in the four low-carbon technologies on average rely on 81% of foreign sources of science, as scientific knowledge diffuses widely across the world economy. China and the United States play an outsized role as the source of scientific publications used in clean-technology patents globally. Nevertheless, while research is characterised by global spillovers, the application of such knowledge (in a patent) appears to be dominated by national teams, potentially due to greater local spillovers and secrecy issues.
Rice straw and energy reeds fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin hybrid polymeric composite panels
Authors: Hasan K M Faridul , Horváth Péter György , Bak Miklós , Anh Le Duong Hung , Mucsi Zsuzsanna Mária , Alpár Tibor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
AbstractHerein, natural fiber (energy reeds and rice straw) reinforced with phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymeric resin hybrid biocomposites are developed and reported in this study. The dimensions of energy reeds and rice straws used for this research were 0.5 to 1.66 mm and 0.1 to 3.55 mm, respectively. The hot-pressing technology was used for manufacturing the biocomposites. The proportions for mixing of rice straw/energy reeds in composite systems were 90/0, 54/36, 36/54, and 0/90, whereas another 10% were PF resin. The nominal densities of the biocomposite panels were 680 kg/m3, however the actual densities were 713.655, 725, 742.79, and 764.49 kg/m3. The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production. The obtained results demonstrate that mechanical properties and stability against the moisture increases with the increase of energy reeds loading in the composite systems. However, the biocomposite developed from 100% energy reeds provided the higher mechanical properties compared to 100% rice straw. The mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of the produced biocomposite materials were investigated. Moreover, the overall thermomechanical performances of the developed biocomposite panels demonstrate a potential and novel materials in the coming times. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (R2) also demonstrates a positive attributions of energy reed fibers loading inn composite systems.
Gate-Controlled Electron Quantum Interference Logic Devices
Authors: Weinbub Josef , Ballicchia Mauro , Nedjalkov Mihail 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in electron quantum optics show the breathtaking progress in utilizing the electron's wave nature. Inspired by these advances, we propose a new type of electron quantum interference logic device (eQILD), where an electron wave is coherently injected into a two-dimensional (2D) wave guide and controlled via two gates. Interference effects lead to different current levels in output channels and are utilized for classical logic gates. The operating principle is shown by means of dynamic quantum Wigner and classical simulations considering coherent/ballistic transport. Contrary to other advanced information processing approaches no magnetism nor bosonic systems are required. The eQILD is inherently compatible with conventional integrated circuits and thus provides an attractive alternative towards advanced low-power information processing devices with the performance only limited by the single-electron source frequency being in the GHz regime.
A Radiomics nomogram for preoperative predicting recurrence of low grade gliomas based on multiparametric MRI
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Xiao Xinlan , Zhang Zhaotao , He Keng , Pang Peipei , Hu Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective

To develop a radiomics nomogram to predict the recurrence of Low grade glioma(LGG) after their first surgery;

Methods

A retrospective analysis of pathological, clinical and Magnetic resonance image(MRI) of LGG patients who underwent surgery and had a recurrence between 2017 and 2020 in our hospital was performed. After a rigorous selection,64 patients were eligible and enrolled in the study(22 cases were with recurrent gliomas),which was randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to either the training set and validation set; T1WI,T2WI fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery(T2WI-FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted(T1CE) sequences, 396 radiomics features were extracted from each image sequence, minimum-redundancy maximum-relevancy(mRMR) alone or combining with univariate logistic analysis were used for features screening, the screened features were performed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and developed a predictive model both in training set and validation set; Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis(DCA) were used to assess the performance of each model.

Results

The radiomics nomogram derived from three MRI sequence yielded an ideal performance than the individual ones, the AUC in the training set and validation set were 0.966 and 0.93 respectively, 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were 0.949-0.99 and 0.905-0.973 respectively; the calibration curves indicated good agreement between the predictive and the actual probability. The DCA demonstrated that a combination of three sequences had more favorable clinical predictive value than single sequence imaging.

Conclusion

Our multiparametric radiomics nomogram could be an efficient and accurate tool for predicting the recurrence of LGG after its first resection.
Multifunctional CuO Nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity
Authors: Dulta Kanika , Ağçeli Gözde Koşarsoy , Chauhan Parveen , Jasrotia Rohit , Chandan Gourav , Chauhan Pankaj Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rhizome extract of Bergenia ciliata was used as a bio-functional reducing material for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuO NPs were characterized using ultra violet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). XRD analysis revealed the monoclinic phase of synthesized CuO NPs with average particle size of 20 nm. Spherical shaped nanoscale CuO particles were observed by EDX and SEM confirming the Cu and O presence in the synthesized nanoparticles. CuO nanoparticles showed antibacterial effects against all bacteria used in the study. The antioxidant effect was measured and IC50 values for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays were found to be 91.2, 72.4 and 109.0 µg/ mL− 1 respectively. Under sunlight, the CuO NPs reported extraordinary photocatalytic activity against methylene blue and methyl red degradation with efficiencies of 92 and 85 percent, respectively. CuO NPs have excellent potential application for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant and in the development of antibacterial materials and for the first-time effect of these nanoparticles were reported.
Successful treatment of a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 and late-onset Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Authors: Peng Jing , Ni Ming , Du Dunfeng , Lu Yanjun , Song Juan , Liu Weiyong , Shen Na , Wang Xiong , Zhu Yaowu , Vallance Bruce A , Sun Ziyong , YU HONG B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Solid transplant patients are susceptible to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). While the vast majority of PJP cases occur within the first 6 months after transplantation, very few PJP cases are seen beyond 1 year post transplantation (late-onset PJP). PJP and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2) share quite a few common clinical manifestations and imaging findings, making the diagnosis of PJP often underappreciated during the current COVID-19 pandemic. To date, only 1 case of kidney transplantation who developed COVID-19 and late-onset PJP has been reported, but this patient also suffered from many other infections and died from respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A successful treatment of kidney patients with COVID-19 and late-onset PJP has not been reported.
Case presentation: We present a case of a 55-year-old male kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 who also developed late-onset PJP. He received a combined strategy, including specific anti-pneumocystis therapy, symptomatic supportive therapy, adjusted immunosuppressive therapy, and use of antiviral/antibiotics drugs, ending with a favorable outcome.
Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of prompt and differential diagnosis of PJP in kidney transplant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to clarify if kidney transplant patients with COVID-19 could be prone to develop late-onset PJP and how these patients should be treated.