bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of parental risk factors on the risk of stroke in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ylinen Anni , Hägg-Holmberg Stefanie , Eriksson Marika I. , Forsblom Carol , Harjutsalo Valma , Putaala Jukka , Groop Per-Henrik , Thorn Lena M. ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a markedly increased risk of stroke. In the general population, genetic predisposition has been linked to increased risk of stroke, but this has not been assessed in type 1 diabetes. Our aim was, therefore, to study how parental risk factors affect the risk of stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
This study represents an observational follow-up of 4011 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, mean age at baseline 37.6 ± 11.9 years. All strokes during follow-up were verified from medical records or death certificates. The strokes were classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. All individuals filled out questionnaires concerning their parents’ medical history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and/or myocardial infarction.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.4 (10.9–14.2) years, 188 individuals (4.6%) were diagnosed with their first ever stroke; 134 were ischemic and 54 hemorrhagic. In Cox regression analysis, a history of maternal stroke increased the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, hazard ratio 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.27–6.44, p = 0.011) after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, retinal photocoagulation, and diabetic kidney disease. There was, however, no association between maternal stroke and ischemic stroke. No other associations between parental risk factors and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were observed.

Conclusion
A history of maternal stroke increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Other parental risk factors seem to have limited impact on the risk of stroke.
Geboren im falschen Körper?
Authors: Fuchs Martin 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder und Jugendliche, deren Geschlechtsempfinden von dem bei der Geburt festgelegten Zuweisungsgeschlecht abweicht und die unter ihren als nicht stimmig empfundenen Geschlechtsmerkmalen leiden, sind heute in der Öffentlichkeit, aber auch im medizinisch-therapeutischen Versorgungssystem wesentlich präsenter als noch vor einigen Jahren. Aufgrund sich daraus ergebender ethischer, rechtlicher, therapeutischer und nicht zuletzt auch medizinischer Herausforderungen wurden Behandlungsrichtlinien und Best-Practice-Modelle entwickelt. Diese kurze Übersichtsarbeit entstand anlässlich eines Vortrags im Rahmen der 3. Österreichischen Jahrestagung für Pädiatrische Psychosomatik am 04.10.2019 in Wien. Neben Begriffsdefinitionen sowie Möglichkeiten zur Klassifikation wird auf Daten zur Prävalenz eingegangen; abschließend werden verfügbare internationale sowie österreichische Behandlungsrichtlinien besprochen.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis and current perspectives: new risk factors and laboratory diagnosis by using MALDI TOF for identifying species in primary infection and recurrence
Authors: Pereira Lívia Custódio , Correia Amabel Fernandes , da Silva Zita Dinis Lopes , de Resende Ceres Nunes , Brandão Fabiana , Almeida Rosane Mansan , de Medeiros Nóbrega Yanna Karla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Samples collected were identified by using phenotypic and presumptive methods and confirmed by MALDI TOF. This study analyzed 278 patients, divided into symptomatic (n= 173) and asymptomatic (n= 105) groups. Regarding the main candidiasis symptoms (discharge, itching, and burning), only 50.3% of patients described these concomitant symptoms, showing a positive predictive value of 67.8%. Regarding the risk factors investigated, there was a statistical correlation between candidiasis and dairy products, gut transit, contraceptive use, respiratory allergy, and panty liners, describing new risk factors related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis. AfterCandidaspecies analysis and confirmation, the primary prevalence was 80.9% (Candida albicans), 15.2% (non-albicans), 1% (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), and 1.9% (unidentified species). In recurrence, the prevalence was 66.7% (C.albicans) and 33.3% (non-albicans). The presence of symptoms has low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of candidiasis, even when considering the classic triad of symptoms. Laboratory identification of yeast species is essential for correct treatment, preventing the resistance to antifungals and the high recurrence. In addition, dairy products and bowel habits, both related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, may be associated with VVC.
The prevalence of secondary neoplasms in acromegalic patients: possible preventive and/or protective role of metformin
Authors: Costa Denise , Ceccato Filippo , Lauretta Rosa , Mercuri Valeria , D’Amico Tania , De Vito Corrado , Scaroni Carla , Appetecchia Marialuisa , Gargiulo Patrizia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Acromegaly is a rare disease due to chronic growth hormone (GH) excess and the consequent increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Both GH and IGF-1 play a role in intermediate metabolism affecting glucose homeostasis. The association between hyperinsulinemia/impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of cancer has been clarified. Insulin has a mitogenic effect through its interaction with the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) that also binds IGF-1. On the other hand, metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug that decreases serum levels of insulin and IGF-1, could have a protective role in the treatment of endocrine tumors.

Methods
A retrospective, observational, multicenter study in 197 acromegalic patients, receiving/not receiving metformin, was performed to assess whether the prevalence of neoplasms might be correlated with insulin resistance and could eventually be modified by metformin treatment.

Results
In general, the occurrence of secondary neoplasia among our patients was significantly (pV = 0.035) associated with a positive family history of malignancy and with disease duration; a trend towards significance was observed in patients aged > 50 years. Acromegalic subjects who had undergone surgery showed a lower probability of developing a malignant tumor, whereas a higher prevalence of malignancies was observed in obese patients. No significant statistical difference was found when comparing metformin-treated or -untreated subjects for the presence of a second tumor. More interestingly, a trend towards statistical significance (pV = 0.065) was demonstrated in the metformin-treated group for the onset of a benign neoplasm.

Conclusion
Metformin could act directly on tumor cell metabolism and may have an adjuvant role in benign lesion progression.
Genomic insights advance the fight against black rot of crucifers
Authors: Dubrow Zoë E. , Bogdanove Adam J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, was one of the first bacterial plant pathogens ever identified. Over 130 years later, black rot remains a threat to cabbage, cauliflower, and otherBrassicacrops around the world. Recent genomic and genetic data are informing our understanding ofX. campestristaxonomy, dissemination, inoculum sources, and virulence factors. This new knowledge promises to positively impact resistance breeding ofBrassicavarieties and management of inoculum sources.
Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions
Authors: Lin Syuan-You , Agehara Shinsuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInadequate winter chill causes poor budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in the subtropics. In ‘Natchez’ blackberry, our previous study found that, under inadequate chilling conditions, urea and lime sulfur (LS) applied as defoliants before chill accumulation advanced budbreak but did not improve final budbreak. In this study, we applied the two defoliants at the end of chill accumulation and examined their effectiveness in breaking dormancy, with a hypothesis that it can be enhanced with increased exposure to chilling. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons under subtropical climatic conditions. ‘Natchez’ blackberry was sprayed with urea or LS at 10%. Both defoliants were effective in both advancing and maximizing budbreak. Final budbreak reached 42.6% to 76.8% in the defoliant treatments, compared with 27.1% to 31.6% in the control. Advanced budbreak by defoliants increased early season yield by 35% to 88%. Although not statistically significant, defoliants increased total-season yield by 19% to 56%, compared with the control. Phytohormone profiling revealed no changes in abscisic acid and gibberellic acid 4, but increasing trends in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during budbreak. The LS treatment increased IAA accumulation by up to 377% compared with the control. These results suggest that urea and LS are highly effective dormancy-breaking agents for blackberry when applied after winter chill accumulation. These defoliants could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production. Furthermore, increased IAA accumulation appears to be, at least in part, the mode of action for LS-induced budbreak.
Intercessory Rote Prayer, Life Longevity and the Mortality of Roman Catholic Bishops: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Jemielniak Dariusz , Pędzich Wojciech 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on a computational analysis of a large dataset, this study explores if there is a significant longevity effect of intercessory prayer for a named individual’s well-being, if he receives a very high number of prayers per annum for an extended period. We relied on an observational cohort study, based on data from 1988 to 2018, including 857 Roman Catholic bishops, 500 Catholic priests, and 3038 male academics from six countries. We measured the covariance of the mean length of life, controlled for nationality. It was found that there is a main effect for occupation F(2, 4391) = 4.07, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.002, with pairwise comparisons indicating significant differences between the mean life duration of bishops (M = 30,489) and of priests (M = 29,894), but none between the academic teachers (M = 30,147) and either of the other groups. A comparison analysis between bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses showed no significant difference t(67.31) = 1.61, p = 0.11. The first analysis proved that bishops live longer than priests, but due to a marginal effect size this result should be treated with caution. No difference was found between the mean length of life of bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses.
Assessing the quality of the excess chemical potential flux scheme for degenerate semiconductor device simulation
Authors: Abdel Dilara , Farrell Patricio , Fuhrmann Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe van Roosbroeck system models current flows in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. Focusing on the stationary model, we compare the excess chemical potential discretization scheme, a flux approximation which is based on a modification of the drift term in the current densities, with another state-of-the-art Scharfetter–Gummel scheme, namely the diffusion-enhanced scheme. Physically, the diffusion-enhanced scheme can be interpreted as a flux approximation which modifies the thermal voltage. As a reference solution we consider an implicitly defined integral flux, using Blakemore statistics. The integral flux refers to the exact solution of a local two point boundary value problem for the continuous current density and can be interpreted as a generalized Scharfetter–Gummel scheme. All numerical discretization schemes can be used within a Voronoi finite volume method to simulate charge transport in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. The investigation includes the analysis of Taylor expansions, a derivation of error estimates and a visualization of errors in local flux approximations to extend previous discussions. Additionally, drift-diffusion simulations of a p–i–n device are performed.
Valuation of the EQ-5D-3L in Russia
Authors: Omelyanovskiy Vitaly , Musina Nuriya , Ratushnyak Svetlana , Bezdenezhnykh Tatiana , Fediaeva Vlada , Roudijk Bram , Purba Fredrick Dermawan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The most widely used generic questionnaire to estimate the quality of life for yielding quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations is EQ-5D. Country-specific population value sets are required to use EQ-5D in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to establish an EQ-5D-3L value set for Russia.

Methods
A representative sample aged 18+ years was recruited from the Russia`s general population. Computer-assisted face–to–face interviews were conducted based on the standardized valuation protocol using EQ-Portable Valuation Technology. Population preferences were elicited utilizing both composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) techniques. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining cTTO and DCE data was used.

Results
A total of 300 respondents who successfully completed the interview were included in the primary analysis. 120 (40.0%) respondents reported no health problems of any dimension, and 56 (18.7%) reported moderate health problems in one dimension of the EQ‐5D‐3L. Median self-rated health using EQ‐VAS was 80 with IQR 70–90. Comparing cTTO and DCE-predicted values for 243 health states resulted in a similar pattern. This supports the use of hybrid models. The predicted value based on the preferred model for the worst health state “33333” was −0.503. Mobility dimension had the most significant impact on the utility decrement, and anxiety/depression had the lowest decrement.

Conclusion
Determining a Russian national value set may be considered the first step towards promoting cost-utility analysis use to increase comparability among studies and improve the transferability of healthcare decision-making in Russia.
Populism and the double liberalism: exploring the links
Authors: Joppke Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rise of populism in the West is often depicted as opposition to a “double liberalism”, which is economic and cultural in tandem. In this optic, neoliberalism and multiculturalism are allied under a common liberal regime that prescribes “openness”, while populism rallies against both under the flag of “closure”. This paper questions the central assumptions of this scenario: first, that neoliberalism and multiculturalism are allies; and, secondly, that populism is equally opposed to neoliberalism and to multiculturalism. With respect to the alliance hypothesis, it is argued that only a diluted version of multiculturalism, in terms of diversity and antidiscrimination, is compatible with neoliberalism, which also needs to be sharply distinguished from liberalism. With respect to the dual opposition hypothesis, it is argued that the economic inequalities generated by neoliberalism may objectively condition populist revolts, but that these inequalities are not centrally apprehended and addressed in their programs; furthermore, it is argued that the rejection of multiculturalism indeed is central to populist mobilization, but that the two have important things in common, not least that both are variants of identity politics, if incompatible ones.
Who benefits from SMEs’ radical innovations?—empirical evidence from German biotechnology
Authors: Shkolnykova Mariia , Kudic Muhamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze transfer channels of radical innovations launched by small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) using an ego network approach. Based on a unique longitudinal dataset covering the observation period 1996–2016, we identify and trace back radical innovations of SMEs in German Biotech in order to analyze the extent to which SMEs themselves—or eventually also other organizations in their direct cooperation surrounding—benefit from radical innovations in terms of subsequent innovation performance. Results from negative binomial panel regressions indicate that direct cooperation partners of radical innovators show higher innovative performance than partners of the control group, i.e., statistical twin firms without radical innovations. Our results confirm that radical innovations initiate a positive impulse for innovation through direct cooperative relationships. Interestingly, geographical proximity does not play a role, and especially technologically different partners benefit from direct cooperation with radical innovators.Plain English Summary Radical innovations are rare but have a great importance for the economy. Our study shows that not only radically innovating biotech SMEs themselves but also various types of directly linked cooperation partners benefit significantly. We investigate whether directly linked cooperation partners of radically innovating firms benefit from knowledge spillover transferred through formal cooperation. A radical innovation represents a novel and often complex combination of already existing knowledge. Thus, knowledge transfer process differs for radical and non-radical innovations. Project-based formal cooperation can support the transfer of radical knowledge. In this context geographical and technological factors matter. Using the example of German small and medium-sized biotechnology firms, we show that collaboration with radical firms is positively related to innovation performance of directly linked project partners. Interestingly, this effect is higher for partners located in other regions as well as for technologically distant partners. Our study extends the research on knowledge transfer by emphasizing the role of formal collaboration projects, especially in knowledge intensive high-tech industries.
Prevalence of Problem Gambling Among Women Using Shelter and Drop-in Services
Authors: Matheson Flora I. , Dastoori Parisa , Hahmann Tara , Woodhall-Melnik Julia , Guilcher Sara J. T. , Hamilton-Wright Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeople experiencing poverty/homelessness have higher rates of problematic gambling than the general population. Yet, research on gambling among this population is sparse, notably among women. This study examined prevalence of problematic gambling among women using shelter and drop-in services in Ontario, Canada. The NORC Diagnostic Screen for Disorders was administered to women during visits to 15 sites using time/location methodology. Within a sample of 162 women, the prevalence of at-risk (6.2%), problem (9.3%), and pathological gambling (19.1%) was higher than the general population. Among women who scored at-risk or higher, 55.4% met criteria for pathological gambling. The findings suggest that women seeking shelter and drop-in services are vulnerable to problematic gambling. Creating awareness of this vulnerability within the shelter and drop-in service sector is an important first step to support women with gambling problems who face financial and housing precarity.
Was hält Frauen von beruflichen Positionen fern? Ein faktorieller Survey zum Einfluss der Gestaltung einer Stellenausschreibung auf deren Attraktivitätseinschätzung
Authors: Damelang Andreas , Rückel Ann-Katrin 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBerufliche Geschlechtersegregation produziert und reproduziert soziale Ungleichheit zwischen den Geschlechtern. Vor diesem Hintergrund steht in diesem Artikel die Wahrnehmung von Stellenausschreibungen im Fokus. Wenn Frauen einzelne Merkmale einer Stellenausschreibung für mehr oder weniger attraktiv halten, kann dies zur beruflichen Geschlechtersegregation beitragen. Wir fragen, wie sowohl die sprachliche Gestaltung einer Stellenausschreibung als auch die im Rahmen einer Stellenausschreibung genannten Merkmale einer Arbeitsstelle die Attraktivitätseinschätzung dieser Stelle für Frauen beeinflussen. Im Rahmen eines faktoriellen Surveys werden 224 weiblichen Erwerbstätigen im Alter von 25–40 Jahren hypothetische Stellenausschreibungen vorgelegt, welche sich hinsichtlich verschiedener Dimensionen unterscheiden und auf ihre Attraktivität hin eingeschätzt werden sollen. Die kausalen Effekte der Vignettendimensionen werden in einem Mehrebenenmodell geschätzt und zeigen, dass flexible Arbeitszeiten die bedeutsamste Größe sind. Des Weiteren üben stereotyp weibliche Formulierungen und gendersensible Positionsbezeichnungen im Vergleich zu rein maskuliner Ansprache einen positiven Einfluss auf die Bewertung einer Stellenausschreibung aus. Zudem sind weibliche Rollenvorbilder relevant.
The Most Common Mistake in Laryngeal Pathology and How to Avoid it
Authors: Heidarian Amin , Wenig Bruce M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUpper aerodigestive tract (UADT) spindle cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC), also known as sarcomatoid carcinoma, is a high-grade subtype of conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that is histologically characterized by a combination of differentiated SCC in the form of intraepithelial dysplasia and/or invasive differentiated SCC, and the presence of an invasive (submucosal) undifferentiated malignant spindle-shaped and pleomorphic (epithelioid) cell component. Typically, SCSC presents as a superficial polypoid mass not infrequently with surface ulceration precluding identification of an intraepithelial dysplasia. Further, in many cases an invasive differentiated SCC is not identified. Adding to the complexity in such cases, is that immunohistochemical staining in a significant minority of cases is negative for epithelial-related markers but often the cells express mesenchymal-related markers. In such cases, differentiating SCSC from a reactive (benign) spindle cell proliferation or a mucosal-based sarcoma can be problematic, with treatment implications. Herein, we detail the clinical and pathologic features of laryngeal SCSC and discuss the rationale for diagnosing a carcinoma and avoiding a diagnosis of sarcoma. In our experience, such cases represent one of the more common mistakes made in laryngeal pathology. Yet, virtually all such lesions are SCSCs. The treatment and prognosis relies on the accuracy of this distinction.
Forgotten publications by Alfred William Bennett and their effect on the nomenclature of some Asian Simaroubaceae species
Authors: Turner I. M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAttention is drawn to some forgotten papers published by Alfred William Bennett relevant to the taxonomy of Asian angiosperms. Three binomials in Simaroubaceae, were published by Bennett in a paper in thePharmaceutical Journal and Transactionsearlier than in current listings. Lectotypes are designated forBrucea mollis,Eurycoma apiculata,Picrasma javanicaandP. andamanica.