bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folate Receptor Alpha Expression in Fallopian Tube: Further Evidence Supporting Tubal Contribution of “Ovarian” Endometriosis
Authors: Fan Rujia , Li Qiyan , Wei Li , Zhao Ruijiao , Wang Yan , Lin Wanrun , Zhang Jing , Chang Ruby , Yuan Zeng , Fadare Oluwole , Wang Yiying , Wang Yue , Zheng Wenxin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Ovary is the most common organ site involved by endometriosis. We previously found that fallopian tube may contribute to the histogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. The finding was novel and requires further studies. We addressed this issue by examining a differentially expressed gene folate receptor alpha FOLR1 and its protein FRA in this study. Results A total of 144 tissue samples were studied. These included 32-paired 32-paired tubal-endometrial-ovarian endometriosis samples (n = 96), 18 samples of ovarian endometriosis without corresponding tubal or endometrium, and 30 ovarian tissue samples with ovarian surface epithelia but without endometriosis. Multiple comparisons among groups of ovarian endometriosis, normal fallopian tube and benign endometrium were performed. FOLR1 was highly expressed in the epithelia of fallopian tube and ovarian endometriosis, with paired endometrial samples showing a significantly lower level of expression. Similar differential studies for FRA protein were performed through Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of folate receptor alpha at both mRNA and protein levels in the tissues (fallopian tube or ovarian endometriosis vs. the endometrium) were significantly different (p < 0.001). All ovarian surface mesothelial epithelia showed negative expression of FRA by IHC. Conclusions The results further support that the fallopian tube may contribute to the development of ovarian endometriosis. Understanding the tubal contribution to ovarian endometriosis should ultimately contribute to ongoing investigative efforts aimed at identifying alternative ways to prevent and treat endometriosis.
A Case of Giant Posterior Mediastinal Mass: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Developed in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patient.
Authors: ASLAN Volkan , Gürler Fatih , yazıcı ozan , erdem özlem , çelik ali , özkan dilvin , özdemir nuriye 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors mostly located in the stomach and esophageal GIST is extremely rare. Various genetic disorders increase the risk of developing GIST, among these, NF-1 is the most common. A case of posterior mediastial GIST developing in the neurofibromatosis patient has not been reported yet.Case: A 48-year-old male patient is being evaluated with complaints of dyspnea and progressive dysphagia. Computed tomography detected a cystic, lobulated contour mass that was located at the posterior mediastinum and measuring 11 x 14x12 cm. The giant semisolid mass has been dissected from adjacent the vertebra, the esophagus, pericardium and inferior pulmonary vein and Histopathological examination revealed GİST. Pathological examination of skin lesions confirmed NF-1. Finally, NF-1-associated posterior mediastinal GIST was diagnosed and adjuvant imatinib treatment was initiated. Conclusion: To the best our knowledge, this patient was the first case, who diagnosed with posterior mediastinal GIST developing on the basis of NF-1.
T3 Up-Regulates PDZK1 to Promote the Proliferation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Cheng Yanan , Sun Rongxin , Lang Jianan , Yang Longyan , Zhao Dong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim: Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. Studies have showed that Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes the proliferation of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Several studies have showed that PDZK1 played important roles in the occurrence and development of cancer. However, the biological function of PDZK1 in PTC remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of PDZK1 in PTC and the underlying mechanism.Materials and Methods: The effect of T3 on proliferation of PTC cell (TPC-1) was analyzed by colony formation assay and real time cell analysis. Immunofluorescence staining aimed to analyze protein expression. RNA-seq was used to analyze the expression of PDZK1. Meanwhile, Western blot was used to verify the protein expression. The effect of PDZK1 on PTC cell proliferation was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8), real time cell analysis, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Results: We found that T3 increased the expression of PDZK1 in TPC-1 cells and promote the proliferation of TPC-1 cells which can be weakened after PDZK1 was knocked down. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of PDZK1 was higher in PTC than paracancerous tissues. And the analysis of 6 benign thyroid nodules and 4 thyroid cancer tissues by RNA-Seq showed that the expression of PDZK1 was increased in PTC tissues, the expression of PDZK1 was also increased in PTC cells compared with the normal thyroid epithelium. In addition, PDZK1 promoted TPC-1 cell proliferation was detected by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK8. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PDZK1 increased cell cycle at S phase and decreased at G1 phase of TPC-1. PDZK1 promoted the invasion of TPC-1 cell was tested by transwell. Conclusion: These results suggest that T3 can promote the proliferation of PTC cells, which may be mediated by PDZK1. This study illustrates a possible mechanism by which T3 promotes the proliferation of PTC and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PTC.
Impact Assessment of Indigenous Field-Level Water Storage Structure (Diggi) on Agriculture in the Great Indian Desert
Authors: Moharana Pratap Chandra , Goyal R.K. , Machiwal Deepesh , Pandey C.B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the arid region of Rajasthan, India, it is very often a challenge to store rain/surface water for year-round use by human and livestock. The inhabitants of this desert area have developed several water storage structures, which they used to construct based on their indigenous knowledge of local terrain conditions. Recently, farmers living in the lower command areas of Indira Gandhi canal have constructed micro-farm water storage structures, called diggi, in their cropland. They store allocated canal water in diggi to timely utilize it as per irrigation requirements, and thus, done away with problems of deficit and untimely canal water supply. This impact assessment study, carried out in Poogal tehsil of Bikaner district, analyzed high-resolution satellite images of two years and used geographic information system to quantify diggi structures and studied the diggi-growth interactions with changing rainfall pattern as well as land use/land cover. Results showed that during 2018, about 3243 number of structures were constructed compared to 241 existed during 2004-05. The mean annual rainfall increased by 30% and crop area by 12772 ha during the same period that included 7.86% increase in irrigated and 2.98% in rainfed croplands. Thus, diggi based water management has been immensely helpful in the perspective of irrigated agriculture in the desert region.
Analysis of Lung Ground-glass Nodules From the Perspective of Inflammation-to-cancer Transition Based on Il-6 Level and Clinical Features
Authors: Shen Changxing , Xia Qing , Li Zhuang , Wen Jing , Zhai Hong , Cao Chuanwu , Wang Fei , Wang Lai , Li Ming , Zhang Lijuan , Fan Lihong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective：To explore the potential impact of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in promoting the development and progression of lung ground-glass nodules (GGN) based on multiple clinical features using multi-dimensional analysis (MDA). Methods: Sample collected from data taken from patients with lung GGN who received treatment in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, between September 2018 and September 2020. Sample data were grouped according to GGN diameter as well as IL-6 levels and screened according to the solitary GGN (d<0.8cm) after more than one year of follow-up observation. Differences in associated complications, peripheral superoxide dismutase (SOD), IgE and T cell subsets, tumor markers, and CT malignant signs were compared between the two sample groups. Results：A total of 145 patients was included in the study. From the results, the diameter of GGN was ≥5mm in 95 patients and <5mm in 50 patients. There were significant differences in peripheral IL-6 levels between the two groups (p<0.05). Whereas the IL-6 level was elevated in 53 patients, the levels were normal in 92 patients. There was a corresponding significant increase in complications such as anxiety, sleep disturbances, feeling of fatigue, and history of coronary stent implantation in the group of GGN patients with elevated levels of IL-6, when compared to the group with the normal IL-6 levels (p<0.05). Peripheral SOD and IgE levels were observed to be significantly higher in the group with elevated IL-6 levels than seen in the group with normal IL-6 levels (p<0.05). In addition, there was also a significant difference in T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) cell levels between the two groups (p<0.05). Levels of tumor markers such as NSE and CY21-1 were also found to be elevated in the group with elevated IL-6 levels than in the group with normal IL-6 levels (p<0.05). Finally, the group with elevated Il-6 levels was observed to have a higher proportion of patients with vascular convergence sign (VCS) and mixed ground-glass opacity (mGGO) as compared to the sample with normal IL-6 levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chronic inflammation is an important factor in the malignant transformation of GGN. IL-6 plays a significant role in promoting the formation of early lung cancer through multiple pathways, including mediating imbalance of the human mitochondrial antioxidant system and reactive elevation of IgE, inhibiting the anti-tumor immune function of T cells, and promoting tumor tissue angiogenesis. The probability of malignant transformation is even higher in lung GGN accompanied with IL-6 elevation.
Drivers of the Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in the Topsoil Under Pinus Hartwegii Lindl. Forest, Along an Elevation Gradient in Central Mexico
Authors: Carrillo-Arizmendi LIZBETH , Pérez-Suárez Marlín , Vargas-Hernández Jesús , Rozenberg Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Mountain forest soils (≥2,500 m a.s.l.[1]), where elevation is crucial in the ecosystem dynamic, have a great capacity to capture and preserve carbon for a long time. The aim of this research was to determine the role of elevation combined with soil, climate, and vegetation variables on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks distribution under P. hartwegii in the Nevado de Toluca Volcano, a protected area in Mexico. Topsoil samples (0-15 cm depth) collected every 100 m in elevation (3,400-4,000 m) were chemically and physically examined in statistical analysis together with vegetation structure and climate variables. Derived from field forest conditions, elevation plots were additional analyzed as logged (3,400-3,800 m) vs no-logged (3,900-4,000 m). Results: SOC stocks followed a significant linear trend (r2= 0.70; p= 0.02) along the elevation gradient, being highest at 4,000 m (173.1 ± 5.2 Mg C ha-1) and lowest at 3,700 m (146.8 Mg C ha-1). Multiple regression analyses showed that SOM, BD, and mean annual temperature (MAT) were the main abiotic drivers of SOC stocks variability (94.5 %) along the elevation gradient. Meanwhile, from the logistic multiple regression, higher tree shrubs and herbs density, in addition to lower tree height and grass cover at lower elevations, indicate a significant effect of logging on soil traits and vegetation structure, depending on the elevation plot. Conclusions: This research evaluated the SOC stocks and the potential effect of current warming over mountain soils, using the elevation as a proxy for both environmental and human drivers of SOC stocks in mountain forest ecosystems. Higher SOM and grass cover, larger-diameter trees together with low temperatures and logging restrictions in the high elevation range suggest a slower decomposition rate and SOC long-term stability. Despite the fact that we do not know about the intensity and cutting cycle, nor the size of the clearings derived from the trees removed, results from this research show how logging could exacerbate these effects and diminish SOC stocks, as well as the capacity of mountain soils to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate allergic airway inflammation via TXNIP upregulation in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Lim Je-Oh , Lee Se-Jin , Kim Woong-Il , Pak So-Won , Moon Changjong , Shin In-Sik , Heo Jeong-Doo , Kim Jong-Choon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in the fields of industry and medicine and in various consumer products. With the increasing use of TiO2NPs, there has been an increase in the number of toxicity studies; however, studies investigating the mechanism underlying its toxicity are very rare. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of TiO2NPs exposure on the lungs as well as the development of asthma in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma. We also investigated the related toxic mechanism.
Results
TiO2NPs caused pulmonary toxicity by exacerbating the inflammatory response, indicated by an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and levels of inflammatory mediators. Exposure of mice with OVA-induced asthma to TiO2NPs led to significant increases in inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness compared with non-exposed mice with asthma. This was also accompanied by an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in the lung tissues. TiO2NPs also decreased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and increased the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, Bcl2-associated X, and cleaved-caspase 3 in the lungs of asthmatic mice compared with those of non-exposed asthmatic mice. These responses were consistent with in vitro results obtained using human airway epithelial cells. TiO2NPs treated cells exhibited an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α with an elevation of TXNIP signaling compared to non-treated cells. Moreover, pathophysiological changes induced by TiO2NPs treatment were significantly decreased by TXNIP knockdown in the airway epithelial cells.
Conclusion
Taken together, TiO2NPs exposure induced toxicological changes in the respiratory tract and exacerbated the development of asthma via activation of the TXNIP-apoptosis pathway. These results provide insights into the mechanism underlying TiO2NPs-mediated respiratory toxicity.
Accelerated 3D T2-Weighted SPACE Using Compressed Sensing for Paediatric Brain Imaging
Authors: Kim Hyun Gi , Oh Se Won , Han Dongyeob , Kim Jee Young , Lim Gye Yeon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of the single-slab, 3D T2-weighted turbo-spin-eco sequence with high sampling efficiency (SPACE) with accelerated SPACE using compressed sensing (CS-SPACE) in paediatric brain imaging. A total of 116 brain MRI (53 in SPACE group and 63 in CS-SPACE group) were obtained from children aged 16 years old or younger. Quantitative image quality was evaluated using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The sequences were qualitatively evaluated for overall image quality, SNR, general artifact, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related artifact and grey-white matter differentiation. The two sequences were compared for the total and for two age groups (< 24 months vs. ≥ 24 months). CS application in 3D T2-weighted imaging resulted in 8.5% reduction in scanning time. Quantitative image quality analysis showed higher SNR (Median [Interquartile range]; 29 [25] vs. 23 [14], P = .005) and CNR (0.231 [0.121] vs. 0.165 [0.120], P = .027) with CS-SPACE compared to SPACE. Qualitative image quality analysis showed better image quality with CS-SPACE for general artifact (P = .024) and CSF-related artifact (P < .001). CSF-related artifacts reduction was more prominent in the older age group (≥ 24 months). Overall image quality (P = .162), SNR (P = .726), and grey-white matter differentiation (P = .397) were comparable between SPACE and CS-SPACE. In conclusion, compressed sensing applied 3D T2-weighted images showed comparable or superior image quality compared to conventional images with reduced acquisition time for paediatric brain.
Erector Spinae Plane Block for Post-Operative Analgesia for Above the Knee Amputation: A Case Report
Authors: Langnas Erica , Gray Andrew , Braehler Matthias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Above the knee amputations (AKA) are common surgeries that frequently use neuraxial or peripheral nerve blocking techniques for both intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. It is not uncommon that patients present with contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia. Case presentation: We identified a relatively novel use of erector spinae plane block (ESP) for above the knee amputation that allows for adequate pain control postoperatively when there are contraindications for neuraxial. Conclusion: While data on ESP at the thoracic level is well described, less is known about the expected coverage for lumbar ESP. This case suggests that at the level of L3 there is sufficient dermatomal spread for an AKA.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Bos Frontalis (Gayal) of Bangladesh
Authors: Deb Gautam Kumar , Khatun Razia , Hossain Shakh Mohammed Jahangir , Rahaman Shamsur , Bhuiyan Md. Anamul Bahar , Mobassirin Sabrina , Afrin Sajia , Islam Md. Sirazul , Sarker Nathu Ram , Bhuyian Mohammed Shamsul Alam , Siddiki AMAM Zonaed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Complete mitochondrial genome of Bos frontalis will aid in the investigation of evolutionary links between closely related species. Bos frontalis mitogenome contains 37 genes and a control region. We discover the first complete mitogenome of Bos frontalis found in Bangladesh which was obtained from whole-genome sequencing of Bos frontalis.Results: Bos frontalis mitogenome is 16,347 bp long, with an AT-based nucleotide composition (60.21%). It contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a control region (D-loop). This circular genome starts with ND6(negative strand) and ends at ND5(positive strand). Protein coding genes lost 24 bases and tRNA genes gained 27 bases compared to closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of 26 closely related species from 8 congeneric species was conducted by the maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap iteration.Conclusion: Our studied Bos frontalis mitochondrial genome has a similar gene arrangement compared with other Bos species. It has almost the same amount of AT and GC content, but notably the ND6 gene lacks AT skew and GC skew than that of the other two comparing species. PCG’s loss in size might be a continuous process of evolution. The mitochondrial genome is regarded as a critical tool for species identification and monitoring populations of conservation concern.
Effect of pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy on the survival rate of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin
Authors: Tidadini Fatah , Abba Julio , Quesada Jean-Louis , Baudrant Magalie , Bonne Aline , Foote Alison , Faucheron Jean-Luc , Glehen Olivier , Villeneuve Laurent , Arvieux Catherine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a new surgical technique, developed for the treatment of initially unresectable peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The objective of this study was to compare the results of PIPAC associated with systemic chemotherapy (PIPAC_CHEM) with those of systemic chemotherapy alone (ONLY_CHEM) in patients with gastric PC without metastasis other than peritoneal, and WHO performance status < 3. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single centre, comparative and non-randomised study. Seventeen PIPAC_CHEM patients were compared to 29 ONLY_CHEM patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 6 months from diagnosis of PC. RESULTS: 98 patients were screened and 46 were included (PIPAC_CHEM, n = 17; ONLY_CHEM, n = 29). The 6-month survival rate was significantly higher in the PIPAC_CHEM group than in the ONLY_CHEM group 16/17 (94.1% [65-99.2]) vs 19/29 (65.5% [45.4–79.7]), respectively; p = 0.029. The median total hospital stay at 6 months was significantly shorter for PIPAC_CHEM (median 2 days [2–7]) vs (median 11 days [3–21]) (p = 0.045). Over the entire follow-up, the median survival [95% CI] in PIPAC_CHEM was 12.8 months [7.2–34.3] vs 9.1 months [5.4–11.5] for the ONLY_CHEM group; p = 0.056. CONCLUSION: The overall survival at 6 months after the diagnosis of carcinomatosis was significantly better for PIPAC_CHEM patients. This difference appears to continue until at least 18 months. The total hospital stay at 6 months was significantly shorter in the PIPAC_CHEM group.
Molecular identification of Sarcocystis funereus sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in offspring of Tengmalm’s owls Aegolius funereus (Aves, Strigidae)
Authors: Máca Ondřej , Kouba Marek , Korpimäki Erkki , González-Solís David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The spectrum of species of Sarcocystis in birds and the role of the latter in the transmission of coccidia are still incomplete for many avian species including Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758). Therefore, this study is focused on the morphological and molecular description of a new Sarcocystis species found in the intestine of the Tengmalm’s owl and its possible role as definitive host. Ten fledgling owls from the Kauhava region of west-central Finland were parasitized by numerous sporocysts and oocysts in the intestinal mucosa scrapings (prevalence 100%). Sporulated oocysts and sporocysts measured 16.34−16.96 × 11.47−12.09 µm and 11.85−13.52 × 7.77−9.25 µm, respectively. Skeletal and heart muscles were negative for sarcocysts. Sarcocystis funereus sp. nov. is closely related to Sarcocystis strixi from the barred owl (Strix varia Barton, 1799) from the USA and Sarcocystis sp. isolate 5 from the European shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Czech Republic. This is the first and most comprehensive record on Sarcocystis from owls obtained in Finland, thus highlighting the importance of molecular data in the species identification.
Efficient Calculation of Fractal Properties via the Higuchi Method
Authors: Wanliss James , Wanliss Grace 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Higuchi’s method of determining fractal dimension (HFD) is an important research tool that, compared to many other methods, gives rapid, efficient, and accurate estimations for the range of possible fractal dimensions. One major difficulty in applying the method is the correct choice of tuning parameter (kmax) to compute the most accurate results as a poor choice can generate spurious results. We analyze synthetic fractional Brownian motion to offer a general equation that allows determination, a priori, of the best value for the tuning parameter, given a particular length data set.