bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of multistraine probiotics in non-specific seasonal prevention of acute respiratory infections in children with recurrent URTI in organized teams
Authors: Lyudmila D. Panova Lyudmila D. Panova Lyudmila D. Panova 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. A broad evidence base of numerous randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses asserts the role of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the development of various diseases, including those of infectious origin, in infancy and later stages of life.Purpose. Assessment of the efficacy of a multi-strain immuno-probiotic during rehabilitation of frequently ill children visiting organized groups during the period of epidemiological distress for acute respiratory diseases.Materials and methods.93 children older than 3 years of age were enrolled in an open comparative prospective clinical observation during the high-risk respiratory infection period – November, December. Children were observed for 1.5 months during administration of the multi-strain probiotic and 1 month after discontinuation of the probiotic. The subjects were randomized into two groups: the treatment group (60 children) received the multi-strain probiotic in the maximum age-specific dosage variances (children aged 3 to 12 years old – 1 capsule, older than 12 years of age – 2 capsules) once a day in the morning for 14 days and the comparison group (33 children) did not receive the multi-probiotic for the same period.Results and discussion. It was found that the incidence of disease in children receiving the multi-probiotic (the treatment group – 60 children) was statistically lower, and the disease severity was milder than in the group of children, who did not receive the probiotic (the comparison group – 33 children). Not a single child who received the multi-probiotic in the course of disease did not require antibiotic therapy during the entire observation period. Moreover, the incidence of respiratory infections in the treatment group within a month after discontinuation of the probiotic was 4.6 times lower than in the comparison group. No side effects were reported.Conclusions. The study results allowed the author to recommend the use of a multi-strain immuno-probiotic as a nonspecific immunomodulatory supplement for the seasonal prevention of acute respiratory infections, especially in frequently ill children at a high risk of infections.
Experience of using semi-elemental formulas for enteral nutrition in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Maksimycheva Tatyana Y. , Kondratyeva Elena I. , Odinaeva Niso D. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The issues of choosing the optimal product for enteral nutrition in children with cystic fibrosis in combination with comorbid conditions require a special clinical approach and cause difficulties for practitioners.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of correcting the nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis against the background of concomitant conditions using a semi-element product for enteral nutrition.Materials and methods. 20 children (boys – 9, girls – 11) aged from 1 year to 3 years (average age 2.9±0.7 years) with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and concomitant comorbid conditions - uncupable intestinal syndrome, post-resection syndrome against the background of meconial ileus, food allergy (the semi-element formula was prescribed according to indications, the evaluation of effectiveness according to the SCORAD index was not included in the objectives of the study). The state of actual nutrition, pancreatin doses, intestinal syndrome, nutritional status (anthropometric indicators) were evaluated at baseline (before) and 3 months (after) the use of Peptamen Junior in the study group.Design:prospective, observational, without comparison group.Results and discussion. The analysis showed that the anthropometric indicators significantly increased against the background of the correction of the diet and the use of “Peptamen Junior” as an additional food. BMI increased from 34.5 percentiles to 57.0 (p < 0.05).Correction of nutrition using a semi-element formula with an altered fat composition, including SCT, and correction of the dose of pancreatic enzymes by calculating the fat content in food, led to a decrease in the manifestations of intestinal syndrome.Conclusion.The results obtained indicate the clinical effectiveness of the semi-element formula for enteral nutrition for the correction of nutritional deficiency (BMI less than 50 percentile) in young children with cystic fibrosis and concomitant pathology that requires a special approach.
Hemodynamics in renal transplant in children with various morphological changes in the long-term post-transplant period
Authors: Ektov Denis B. , Pykov Mikhail I. , Valov Alexey L. , Molchanova Maria S. , Kushnir Berta L. , Martynenkova Aliya V. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Ultrasound scanning is one of the main methods of instrumental examination of patients after allogenic transplantation of kidney. The main reasons of dysfunction of the kidney transplant in long post-transplantation term are acute or chronic rejection, as well as acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors.Objective. Assessment of dopplerographic indicators of the blood flow throughout the transplanted kidney vessels in patients with preserved nitrogen excretion function under various morphological changes.Materials and methods. The study includes an analysis of the medical history of 98 children with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent 98 allogeneic kidney transplants from a posthumous donor. There were analyzed the results of 185 percutaneous puncture biopsies and ultrasound studies of renal transplants. The analyzed data of morphological studies are divided into 4 groups. 1st group – there are no morphological changes affecting graft function. 2nd group – morphological signs of calcineurin toxicity. 3rd group – borderline damage of the graft. 4th group – acute and chronic graft rejection.Results and discussion. Indices of resistance and pulsation measured at the level of the renal artery and interlobular arteries tended to decrease in the kidneys with immunological influence and remained stable in other morphological groups. This means that, the higher the degree of hyalinosis of the arteries, the lower the indices of resistance and pulsation indices measured at the level of the common renal artery and interlobular arteries.Conclusions. The revealed tendency of a decrease in the values of the resistance index and the pulsation index at the level of the common renal artery of the interlobular arteries can be considered as one of the initial ultrasound signs that allow to speak of a decrease in the elasticity of the vascular wall. Normal indices of renal hemodynamics do not exclude the presence of pathological processes leading to graft dysfunction.
Efficiency of elimination-irrigation therapy in children with allergic rhinitis and recurrent respiratory
Authors: Malanicheva Tatyana G. , Ziatdinova Nelli V. , Gataullina Guzel S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Despite new diagnostic methods contributing to an understanding of the etiopathogenesis of acute respiratory tract diseases and a variety of drugs for effective therapy, respiratory tract diseases continue to stand first in the overall morbidity profile in both children and adults. Frequently ill children are most susceptible to diseases, especially at the age of 3 to 6 years old, which accounts for up to 75% of all acute respiratory infection cases and shows no positive response to the medical-preventive activities. The article discusses the relationship between allergic rhinitis and recurrent respiratory diseases.Materials and methods. The possibility and effectiveness of complex treatment of allergic rhinitis in 65 frequently ill children aged 3 to 12 years are considered. The main group consisted of 35 children who were included in the traditional anti-allergic therapy with an isotonic solution of sea salt in an age-related dose for 10 days. The comparison group consisted of 30 children who received only traditional anti-allergic therapy, which was comparable in the compared groups. Patients underwent in-depth clinical and specific allergological examinations, as well as assessment of atopic response parameters of mucosal immunity, including determination of eosinophil levels, side, and Il-4 concentrations in nasal secretions.Results. Thus, the 12-month follow-up control over children with AR showed that the annual frequency of ARIs in the treatment group decreased by 1.4 times and, when averaged, was 5.2 cases, while in the comparison group it was 7.3 cases p < 0.05.Conclusions. In children with recurrent respiratory diseases, suffering from allergic rhinitis, the complex anti-allergic therapy, with the inclusion of elimination and irrigation therapy with a preparation based on isotonic sea salt solution, led to a decrease activity of markers of allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa, which is confirmed by a decrease in the level of eosinophils, secretory IgE and IL-4 in nasal secretions against the background of a decrease in the frequency of acute respiratory diseases during follow-up for a year.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Cardiac Enzymes-Lipid Profile Ratio for Diagnosing Coronary Heart Disease in Chest Pain Patients
Authors: Kadry Mohamed , Zahran Faten M. , Emran Tarek M. , Omran Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Lipid abnormalities increase Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk. Our developed indexes 1,2 were reported in scientific Journals. Here, we verified and evaluated the cardiac enzymes-lipid profile ratio's diagnostic value for diagnosing CHD patients.

Methods:
Lipid profiles and cardiac enzymes were estimated in all chest pain patients. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the markers' diagnostic accuracy.

Results:
There were varieties of significant differences (P < 0.01- P < 0.0001) of Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB) - lipid profile ratio and Troponin I-lipid profile ratio within the groups of chest pain patients. For discriminating between Non-Coronary Chest Pain (NCCP) and Stable Angina (SA) groups, the AUCs were the greatest for CK-MB- High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (0.62) and for Troponin I-HDL (0.62). Moreover, for discriminating between NCCP and Unstable Angina (UA) groups, the AUC was the greatest for CK-MB-HDL ratio (0.97). Also, for discriminating between NCCP and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) groups, the AUC was the greatest for index 2 (0.99). Similarly, for discriminating between SA and UA groups, the AUC was the greatest for CK-MB-HDL ratio (0.90). For discriminating between SA and AMI groups, the AUC was the greatest for index 2 (0.97). Finally, for discriminating between UA and AMI groups, the AUC was the greatest for index 2 (0.78).

Conclusion:
Independent CK-MB-HDL ratio can be used as a good and simple index for diagnosing CHD in chest pain patients and discriminating between the different groups of these patients
Role of Warburg Effect in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Potential Treatment Option
Authors: Kuspriyanti Niken Puspa , Ariyanto Eko Fuji , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Under normal conditions, the heart obtains ATP through the oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and ketones. While fatty acids are the main source of energy in the heart, under certain conditions, the main source of energy shifts to glucose where pyruvate converts into lactate, to meet the energy demand. The Warburg effect is the energy shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in the presence of oxygen. This effect is observed in tumors as well as in diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. If glycolysis is more dominant than glucose oxidation, the two pathways uncouple, contributing to the severity of the heart condition. Recently, several studies have documented changes in metabolism in several cardiovascular diseases; however, the specific mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods:
This literature review was conducted by an electronic database of Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Scopus published until 2020. Relevant papers are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:
A total of 162 potentially relevant articles after the title and abstract screening were screened for full-text. Finally, 135 papers were included for the review article.

Discussion:
This review discusses the effects of alterations in glucose metabolism, particularly the Warburg effect, on cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusion:
Reversing the Warburg effect could become a potential treatment option for cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of Stress Management Training for the Elderly in Rural Northern Thailand
Authors: Choowanthanapakorn Monchanok , Seangpraw Katekaew , Ong-artborirak Parichat 
Published: March 2021

Background:Stress management is an important health promotion activity for elderly people.Objective:This research aimed to study the effect of stress management training program on the knowledge and stress management skills of elderly living in the rural community of northern Thailand.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. The elderly living in rural northern part areas of Thailand were recruited for the study. Multi-stage random sampling was employed to select participants. Seventy-two elderly people were assigned to the intervention group. Participants received stress management training, including knowledge, meditation, and self-practice massage. Interview questionnaires were used as a research instrument in the process of data collection. An independent t-test was employed to compare mean scores between the two groups. Three different time periods were examined using repeated measures ANOVA, test with a significant level of 0.05.Results:After the program, there were statistically significant differences in mean scores of knowledge and stress management between the intervention and the control group. The mean scores of knowledge and stress management of the intervention group were higher than the control group (p-value<0.05), and the level of stress of the elderly in the intervention group had decreased within and between groups after the follow-up (p-value<0.05).Conclusion:Stress management training program is effective in developing knowledge and stress management skills and helping reduce stress for the elderly living in the rural community of Thailand. This program should be applied to reduce stress and to improve quality of life among other age groups.
A Mixed-Method Approach on Secure Attachment and its Effects on Caregivers of Older Adults Living at Home
Authors: Kaewkerd Onuma , Othaganont Pranom , Williams Christine L 
Published: March 2021

Background:

A secure attachment style of informal caregivers is important for the care of older adults at home. Informal caregivers who have secure attachment style to care for older adults, can effectively provide care for older adults.

Objective:
A sequential explanatory mixed-method design was introduced to study the factors predicting secure attachment and explain informal caregivers’ perceptions.

Materials and Methods:
140 informal caregivers were selected from sub-district health-promoting hospitals from provinces in the northeastern Thailand by using the multi-stage random sampling method. The parameters included were caregivers’ personal information, satisfaction, empathy, health status, and caregivers’ attachment. Five experts in the field considered the content validity of all the measurements. The reliability of the four measurements was verified by applying Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding 0.83, 0.70, 0.82 and 0.74. The researchers analyzed the data obtained from descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis. A qualitative descriptive study was performed using semi-structured interviews, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
The results of quantitative data (a cross-sectional design) revealed that caregivers’ health status was considered the strongest predictor (β = .362, t = 5.208, p <.001) of secure attachment, followed by satisfaction, gender (female) and empathy. The qualitative data results revealed that four factors, i.e., caregivers’ healthy status, caregivers’ satisfaction, caregivers’ empathy, and female gender, could help the caregivers provide better care.

Conclusion:
Informal caregivers with good health status exhibited secure attachment. Healthcare teams and nurses should implement a program promoting good health status for informal caregivers who care for older adults at home.
Variations in Desired Fertility Preferences among Young and Older Women in Nigeria: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey 2018
Authors: Akeju Kemi , Owoeye Taiwo , Ayeni Raphael , Jegede Lucy 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Despite many countries of the world with fertility below replacement level, fertility rate in Nigeria remains high with contributing factors associated with high fertility preference and the desire for large families.

Objectives:
This paper explores variations in desired fertility preference among Nigerian women within the reproductive ages 15 to 49. It considers the impact of proximate factors of age, wealth, education, use of contraceptives, and other associated factors on fertility preference.

Methods:
Using Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2018) data, responses of 33924 women with children of 0-60months (birth recode file) were considered. Fertility preference is measured by “ideal no of children”. Responses from the dataset were coded into two groups (desire 1-4 children and desire more than 4 children) based on the implicit Four-child Policy of National Policy on Population for Development, Unity, Progress, and Self-reliance of 1988. We use descriptive statistics, logistic regression and cox proportional regression to identify the size and associating impacts of identified explanatory variables on the two groups.

Results:
Many Nigerian women desire more than four children, with ideal family desire of more than four children higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Wealthy and educated households have lower fertility preferences. Younger women within ages 15-29 tend to desire lower fertility but use fewer contraceptives than middle-aged women 30-49. Only 12% of Nigerian women within the reproductive ages use contraceptives.

Conclusion:
Educating younger women through community-based sensitization programs would reduce the desire for large family size and prevent unintended pregnancy.
Impact of Mobile Health Devices for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review
Authors: Biersteker Tom E , Schalij Martin J , Treskes Roderick W 
Published: March 2021

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, and its prevalence is increasing. Early diagnosis is important to reduce the risk of stroke. Mobile health (mHealth) devices, such as single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, have been introduced to the worldwide consumer market over the past decade. Recent studies have assessed the usability of these devices for detection of AF, but it remains unclear if the use of mHealth devices leads to a higher AF detection rate.

Objective
The goal of the research was to conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic detection rate of AF by mHealth devices compared with traditional outpatient follow-up. Study participants were aged 16 years or older and had an increased risk for an arrhythmia and an indication for ECG follow-up—for instance, after catheter ablation or presentation to the emergency department with palpitations or (near) syncope. The intervention was the use of an mHealth device, defined as a novel device for the diagnosis of rhythm disturbances, either a handheld electronic device or a patch-like device worn on the patient’s chest. Control was standard (traditional) outpatient care, defined as follow-up via general practitioner or regular outpatient clinic visits with a standard 12-lead ECG or Holter monitoring. The main outcome measures were the odds ratio (OR) of AF detection rates.

Methods
Two reviewers screened the search results, extracted data, and performed a risk of bias assessment. A heterogeneity analysis was performed, forest plot made to summarize the results of the individual studies, and albatross plot made to allow the P values to be interpreted in the context of the study sample size.

Results
A total of 3384 articles were identified after a database search, and 14 studies with a 4617 study participants were selected. All studies but one showed a higher AF detection rate in the mHealth group compared with the control group (OR 1.00-35.71), with all RCTs showing statistically significant increases of AF detection (OR 1.54-19.16). Statistical heterogeneity between studies was considerable, with a Q of 34.1 and an I2 of 61.9, and therefore it was decided to not pool the results into a meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Although the results of 13 of 14 studies support the effectiveness of mHealth interventions compared with standard care, study results could not be pooled due to considerable clinical and statistical heterogeneity. However, smartphone-connectable ECG devices provide patients with the ability to document a rhythm disturbance more easily than with standard care, which may increase empowerment and engagement with regard to their illness. Clinicians must beware of overdiagnosis of AF, as it is not yet clear when an mHealth-detected episode of AF must be deemed significant.
Study of changes in perfusion in the foci of demyelination in multiple sclerosis by perfusion MRI
Authors: Stankevich Yu. A. , Vasilkiv L. M. , Bogomyakova O. B. , Korobko D. S. , Malkova N. A. , Tulupov A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system with disseminated foci of demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration; it is the most common demyelinating disease and the leading cause of disability of neurological patients of a young age, characterized by a wave-like course with alternating periods of remission and relapse. Currently, there is a discussion about the participation of vascular changes in the formation of neurological disorders and about the possibility of correction of therapeutic approaches in connection with the revealed microcirculatory disorders. Perfusion MRI allows you to evaluate hemodynamics at the capillary level in vivo. Purpose. To evaluate perfusion changes in foci of demyelination in multiple sclerosis using the method of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). Materials and methods. The MR study was carried out on a super-high-angle MR-scanner «Ingenia» («Philips») 3 Tesla. The study included 30 healthy volunteers and 80 patients with demyelinating disease from 18 to 48 years old (average age was 34,6±8,02 years).Quantitative and qualitative assessment of perfusion indices in foci of demyelination was carried out. Results. In the active foci of demyelination, an increase in the speed and volume of cerebral blood flow is noted, the most pronounced changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. Inactive foci, marked hypoperfusion is noted. Discussion. Evaluation of cerebral perfusion allows a new look at the role of the vascular component in the formation of focal inflammatory changes in the brain in multiple sclerosis, which can determine a new direction of pathogenetic treatment. Conclusion. Perfusion data complements routine MRI and provides a comprehensive assessment of the neurovascular system.