bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic Acid Alters The Immunophenotype of Phagocytes After Lower Limb Surgery
Authors: Draxler Dominik F. , Hanafi Gryselda , Zahra Saffanah , McCutcheon Fiona , Ho Heidi , Keragala Charithani B. , Liu Zikou , Daly David , Painter Thomas , Wallace Sophia , Plebanski Magdalena , Myles Paul S. , Medcalf Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent frequently used in elective surgery to reduce blood loss. We recently found it also acts as a potent immune-modulator in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods: Patients undergoing lower limb surgery were enrolled into the “Tranexamic Acid in Lower Limb Arthroplasty” (TALLAS) pilot study. The cellular immune response was characterised longitudinally pre- and post-operatively using full blood examination (FBE) and comprehensive immune cell phenotyping by flowcytometry. Red blood cells and platelets were determined in the FBE and levels of T cell cytokines and the plasmin-antiplasmin complex determined using ELISA.Results: TXA administration increased the proportion of circulating CD141+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC) on post-operative day (POD) 3. It also reduced the expression of CD83 and TNFR2 on classical monocytes and levels of circulating IL-10 at the end of surgery (EOS) time point, whilst increasing the expression of CCR4 on natural killer (NK) cells at EOS, and reducing TNFR2 on POD-3 on NK cells. Red blood cells and platelets were decreased to a lower extent at POD-1 in the TXA group, representing reduced blood loss. Discussion: In this investigation we have extended our examination on the immunomodulatory effects of TXA in surgery by also characterising the end of surgery time point and including B cells and neutrophils in our immune analysis, elucidating new immunophenotypic changes in phagocytes as well as NK cells. This study enhances our understanding of TXA-mediated effects on the haemostatic and immune response in surgery, validating changes in important functional immune cell subsets in orthopaedic patients.
A New Model for Studying Nonlinear Vibration Behaviors of Gear-Bearing System
Authors: Wang Zi , Zhu Caichao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new model for nonlinear vibration behaviors of gear-bearing system is proposed in this work. For presenting the nonlinear excitation from bearing compliance, the enhanced bearing force excitation model containing two kinds of bearing stiffnesses, which are mean stiffness for the load transfer capacity and alternating stiffness for the disturbance resisting ability, is developed. Considering other dynamic excitations including mesh stiffness, contact pressure angle, center distance, unbalance force caused by static and dynamic eccentricity, an advanced iterative numerical method is introduced, which can timely and accurately update the excitations caused by load-dependent and time-varying nonlinearities inside of the system. The constant bearing stiffness and time-varying bearing alternating stiffness models are introduced and compared with the enhanced bearing excitation force model. The parametric resonant regions and system nonlinear periodic motion states are studied and compared for different bearing supporting models. The effects from internal and external excitations on the system nonlinear vibration behaviors are investigated.
Woody Plant Species Diversity and Carbon Stocks Potential of Homegarden Agroforestry in Ephratana Gidimdistrict, Central Ethiopia.
Authors: Minale Mesafint , Wondie Menale 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTropical agroforestry systems can contribute incredible benefit for carbon sequestration and plant diversity. This system is one of the common practices in the Central part of Ethiopia. This is because of source of the multifunctional ecosystem services, such as food, feed, biodiversity conservation and carbon storage potential. MethodologyThis study was carried out to assess the influence of land size on floristic diversity, richness and biomass carbon stock. The homegardens were classified into small (<0.06 ha), medium (0.06–0.1 ha) and large (>0.1 ha). Biomass of the homegarden was computed using allometric equations.ResultsA total of 39 woody species, belonging to 24 families were recorded in all the study homegardens. Tree density 625.8 tree ha-1 and basal area 17.3 m2ha-1 were highest for small-size HGs. However, large homegarden had more species richness (Margalef Index) per garden (12.4) compared to medium and small size homegarden. Mean biomass carbon ranged from 9 to 89.3 ton ha-1. Mean biomass carbon stock per unit area was higher in small homegarden (49.3 ton ha-1) compared to medium (38.4 ton ha-1) and large (35 ton ha-1). ConclusionsThis result implies that homegarden can serve as both for carbon sequestration and conservation of woody species diversity. However, a specific homegarden management plan is necessary to improve the carbon storage and species diversification to the respective area. The results provide a catalyst the implication of the future potential of homegarden management in carbon storage thereby for climate change adaptation and mitigation purpose.
High RAD51 Gene Expression is Associated with Aggressive Biology and with Poor Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Patel Ankit , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Asaoka Mariko , Oshi Masanori , Yan Li , Ishikawa Takashi , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although DNA repair mechanism is a key to prevent carcinogenesis, its activation in established cancer cells may support their proliferation and aggravate cancer progression. RAD51 cooperates with BRCA2 and is essential in the homologous recombination of DNA repair. To this end, we hypothesized that RAD51 gene expression is associated with cancer cell proliferation and poor prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods: A total of 8515 primary BC patients with transcriptome and clinical data from 17 independent cohorts were analyzed. Median was used to divide each cohort into high and low RAD51 expression groups.Results: High RAD51 expression enriched DNA repair gene set and was correlated with DNA repair-related genes. Nottingham histological grade, Ki67 expression and cell proliferation-related gene sets (E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint and Myc Targets) were all significantly associated with the high RAD51 BC. RAD51 expression was positively correlated with Homologous Recombination Deficiency, as well as both mutation burden and neoantigen that accompanied with higher infiltration of immune cells. Primary BC with lymph node metastases were associated with high expression of RAD51 in 2 cohorts. There was no strong correlation between RAD51 expression and drug sensitivity in cell lines, and RAD51 expression was lower after the neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to before the treatment. High RAD51 BC was associated with poor prognosis consistently in 3 independent cohorts.Conclusion: RAD51 gene expression is associated with aggressive cancer biology, cancer cell proliferation, and poor survival in breast cancer.
Defibulation Can Recall The Trauma of FGM/C: A Case Report
Authors: Gianmarco Taraschi , Emily Manin , Francesco Bianchi De Micheli , Jasmine Abdulcadir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Women with FGM/C are known to have psychological sequelae from the cutting and other traumatic experiences. However, very few studies report immediate psychological sequelae of genital reconstructive surgeries for this population. The present case is the first to our knowledge to report PTSD symptoms immediately following defibulation, a procedure common in women with FGM/C type III.Case presentation: We present the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman in the second trimester of pregnancy with FGM/C type IIIa who was referred for antepartum defibulation to facilitate a vaginal birth. Immediately after an uncomplicated surgery under local anaesthesia and just before the first micturition, she developed post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and suddenly recalled the traumatic experience of her first micturition after FGM/C when she was a child in Sudan. The woman was offered psychiatric follow-up with psychotherapy for four months and a short course of benzodiazepines. She had fully recovered by the time of delivery, four months after surgery.Conclusions: We discuss the possibility of recall of a past traumatic experience of FGM/C during defibulation or other genital surgeries. We review the benefits and risks of defibulation, the impact of this procedure, and the setting and timing in which it is performed, focusing on women's mental health and psychological support.
Automated Image Analysis to Map the Extent of Deep-Sea Mining Plumes Reveals a Larger Impacted Area Compared to Manual Analysis
Authors: Schoening Timm , Bodur Yasemin , Köser Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deep sea mining for poly-metallic nodules impacts the environment in many ways. A key potential hazard is the creation of a sediment plume from resuspending sediment during seabed mining. The resuspended matter disperses with currents but eventually resettles on the seabed. Resettling causes a blanketing of the seafloor environment, potentially causing harm to in-, epi- and hyperbenthic communities with possible cascading effects into food webs of deep sea habitats. Mapping the extent of such blanketing is thus an important factor in quantifying potential impacts of deep-sea mining.One technology that can assess seabed blanketing is optical imaging with cameras at square-kilometre scale. To efficiently analyse the resulting Terabytes of image data with minimized bias, automated image analysis is required. Moreover, effective quantitative monitoring of the blanketing requires ground truthing of the image data. Here, we present results from a camera-based monitoring of a deep-sea mining simulation combined with automated image analysis using the CoMoNoD method and low-cost seabed sediment traps for quantification of the blanketing thickness. We found that the impacted area was about 50 percent larger than previously determined by manual image annotation.
Do Pregnancy Outcomes of Women With False-Positive Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Differ From Those of Women With Normal Glucose Tolerance?
Authors: Nakanishi Sayuri , Aoki Shigeru , Shindo Ryosuke , Obata Soichiro , Kasai Junko , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate whether false-positive early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women can be managed similarly as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Japan. Pregnancy and neonate outcomes of 117 singleton pregnancies with false-positive early GDM and 1774 singleton pregnancies with NGT who delivered after 22 weeks of gestation were compared. GDM was diagnosed according to the IADPSG criteria (patients having one or more of the following: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 92 mg/dL and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value ≥180 mg/dL at 1 h, or ≥153 mg/dL at 2 h). Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in early pregnancy who did not meet the diagnostic criteria on the second OGTT were defined as having false-positive early GDM. Women with false-positive early GDM did not receive any therapeutic intervention during gestation.Results: Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain were significantly higher in the false-positive GDM group than the NGT group. No significant differences were found in pregnancy outcomes, including gestational age, birth weight, large for gestational age rate, and cesarean delivery rate. Except for neonatal hypoglycemia rate, no significant differences were found in neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: There were no clinically significant differences between early GDM false-positive women exhibiting GDM patterns only during early pregnancy and NGT women. False-positive early GDM women can be managed similarly as NGT women, suggesting that WHO diagnostic guidelines, applying the IADPSG criteria during early pregnancy, need revision.
A method to experimentally clamp leaf water content to defined values to assess its effects on apoplastic pH
Authors: Kaiser Hartmut , Sagervanshi Amit , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Leaf hydration is controlled by feedback mechanisms, e.g. stomatal responses, adjustments of osmotic potential and hydraulic conductivity. Leaf water content thus is an input into related feedback-loops controlling the balance of water uptake and loss.
Apoplastic alkalisation upon leaf dehydration is hypothesized to be involved in water stress related signaling on tissue level. When studying these mechanisms and their intermediate signaling steps, an experimenter has only poor means to actually control the central experimental variable, leaf water content (LWC), because it is not only dependent on external variables (e.g. air humidity), which are under experimental control, but is also governed by the biological influences controlling transpiration and water uptake. Those are often unknown in their magnitude, unpredictable and fluctuating throughout an experiment and will prevent true repetitions of an experiment. The goal of the method presented here is to experimentally control and manipulate leaf water content (LWC) of attached intact leaves enclosed in a cuvette.

Results
An experimental setup was developed where LWC is measured by a sensor based on IR-transmission and its signal processed to control a pump which circulates air from the cuvette through a cold trap. Hereby a feedback-loop is formed, which by adjusting vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and consequently leaf transpiration can precisely control LWC. This technique is demonstrated here in a combination with microscopic fluorescence imaging of apoplastic pH (pH apo ) as indicated by the excitation ratio of the pH sensitive dye OregonGreen. Initial results indicate that pH apo of the adaxial epidermis of Vicia faba is linearly related to reductions in LWC.

Conclusions
Using this setup, constant LWC levels, step changes or ramps can be experimentally applied while simultaneously measuring physiological responses. The example experiments demonstrate that bringing LWC under experimental control in this way allows better controlled and more repeatable experiments to probe quantitative relationships between LWC and signaling and regulatory processes.
Introducing an Environmental Microbiome to Axenic Insectary Reared Mosquitoes Alters Host and Microbe Blood Digestion Phenotypes
Authors: Steven Blaire , LaReau Jacquelyn , Hyde Josephine , Brackney Doug 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The microbiota of Aedes aegypti has been the subject of much research due to the potential role of the microbiome in mosquito physiology, development, and vectorial capacity. Axenic mosquitoes were colonized with environmental bacteria to compare microbiota acquired from the environment to insectary reared counterparts, particularly regarding blood meal digestion. Observationally, environmentally colonized mosquitoes showed faster blood digestion than insectary mosquitoes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the diversity and community structure of the midgut microbiomes were distinct between the groups, with the environmental microbiomes having a greater diversity and larger temporal dynamics over the course of the blood meal. Metagenomic prediction from the 16S rRNA gene sequence data pointed to functional genes such as hemolysins differing between the two microbiomes. Additionally, only bacteria cultured from the environmental mosquitoes demonstrated hemolytic ability. Presence of these hemolytic bacteria may explain the observations of differing blood digestion rates in the mosquito. These data show that microbiomes of mosquitoes colonized from an environmental water source differ taxonomically and functionally from those from the insectary, with potential influences on host blood digestion. Thus, the axenic mosquito model can be employed to interrogate various microbiome compositions and link them to phenotypic outcomes of the host.
Environmental Factors Assisted the Evaluation of Entropy Water Quality Indices With Efficient Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Zeng Jin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Water is an indispensable resource for human production and life. The evaluation of water quality by scientific method that provides sufficient support for the regeneration and recycling utilization of water resources. At present, water quality is mainly evaluated by water quality index (WQI) with weighted entropy value, which comprehensively considers the influence of different relevant environmental factors on the water quality. The calculation process is very complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, the method of correlation analysis is used to select the best combination of relevant environmental factors to assist the prediction model. Two typical kinds of machine learning methods are adopted and compared to realize the prediction of entropy water quality index (EWQI). After the better framework of prediction model is selected, four different kinds of optimization algorithms are used to optimize the prediction model to realize non-linear regression prediction and classification of water quality. According to the results of evaluation indicators, the framework of SVM is more suitable for realizing the prediction of EWQI. Meanwhile, the optimization algorithm of DE-GWO show great potential to improve the performance of SVM, which can make further contribution to the rational use and protection of water resources.
An Evaluation of Texture Modified Diets Compliant with the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative in Aged-Care Facilities Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Wu Xiaojing Sharon , Miles Anna , Braakhuis Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Texture modified diets (TMDs) are commonly prescribed for older adults with swallowing difficulties to improve swallowing safety. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) provides a framework for terminology, definitions and testing of TMDs. This observational mixed-method study used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to establish the barriers and enablers to IDDSI adoption in aged-care facilities (ACFs).Methods: Five New Zealand ACFs who had adopted IDDSI >12 months previously were recruited. Evaluation tools were developed based on CFIR constructs, integrating data from i) mealtime observations; ii) manager interviews and iii) staff (nursing, carers and kitchen) self-administrated surveys. Results: All facility and kitchen managers were IDDSI-aware and had access to online resources. Three sites had changed to commercially compliant products post-IDDSI adoption, which had cost implications. Awareness of IDDSI amongst staff ranged from 5-79% and <50% of staff surveyed felt sufficiently trained. Awareness was greater in large sites and where IDDSI was mandated by head office. Managers had not mandated auditing and they felt this had led to reduced perceived importance. Managers felt staff required more training and staff wanted more training, believing it would improve food safety and quality of care. Lack of a dedicated project leader and no speech pathologist onsite were perceived barriers. Collaboration between healthcare assistants, kitchen staff and allied health assisted implementation. Conclusion: ACF staff were aware of IDDSI but staff awareness was low. Using the CFIR, site-specific and generic barriers and enablers were identified to improve future implementation effectiveness. Managers and staff want access to regular training. Multidisciplinary collaboration and improving communication are essential. ACFs should consider TMD auditing regularly. Successful implementation of IDDSI allows improvement of quality of care and patient safety but requires a systematic, site-specific implementation plan.
Co-evolution of tumor cells and hepatocytes fostered by SLIT2-ROBO1 axis facilitates liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xiao-Xin , Hu Li-Peng , Ni Bo , Wang Xu , Jiang ShuHeng , Yang Min-Wei , Jiang Yong-shen , Xu Chun-Jie , Zhang Xueli , Zhang Yanli , Huang Pei-Qi , Yang Qin , Zhou Yang , Gu Jian-ren , Xiao Gary Gui-Shan , Sun Yong-Wei , Li Jun , Zhang Zhi-Gang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To explore the mechanism of co-evolution and potential driver of which in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis to liver, we studied key molecules involved in this progress and their translational values. Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) and macro metastatic niche (MMN) formation in mouse model were recognized via CT combined 3D organ reconstruction bioluminescence imaging. We next confirmed the expressions and distributions of SLIT2 and ROBO1 in 35 cases of human matched liver metastasis and primary PDAC samples, 14 case human PDAC liver metastasis transcriptional analysis, intrasplenic mouse models and KrasG12D/Trp53R172H/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse models. Translational value was assessed on Slit2fl/fl/Alb1-Cre (Slit2 CKO) mice, KPC mouse model and Ex vivo tests via administration of neutralizing antibody targeting ROBO1. We also analyzed prognosis of 266 cases human PDAC tissue with or without SLIT2-ROBO1 fostered co-evolution and demonstrated the dependence receptor (DR) characteristics of ROBO1 in the following-up mechanism study. Experiments on Slit2 CKO, Slit2 CKO-RE and KPC mouse models demonstrated that disturbing SLIT2-ROBO1 mediated co-evolution in liver microenvironment via preventing their interaction could significantly attenuate liver metastasis of PDAC. We have demonstrated that co-evolution took advantage of DR characteristics in PMN and MMN. Targeting SLIT2-ROBO1 axis could be a therapeutic strategy towards metastatic PDAC.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from tomato foliage and their in vitro efficacy against root-knot nematodes
Authors: Basumatary Binita , Das Debanand , Choudhury B. N. , Dutta Pranab , Bhattacharyya Ashok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFifteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves and stems ofSolanum lycopersicumandSolanum pimpinellifoliumcollected from different locations of the Jorhat district of Assam and characterized by morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular approaches. An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate their potentiality as biological control agents against second stage juvenile of the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognitarace2. Thirty second stage juveniles (J2) ofM. incognitarace 2 were exposed to cell free culture filtrates of all the 15 bacterial endophytes in a sterile cavity block at a concentration of S(100%), S/2(50%), S/4(25%), S/6(17%) and S/10(10%) for a duration of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. The results revealed that all the isolates had the potentiality to significantly increase the mortality of the second stage juveniles (J2). The percent mortality was directly proportional to the duration of exposure time and the concentration of the culture filtrate. The isolate BETL2 showed the best result with 81.47% mortality of juveniles followed by isolates BETL4 (81.43%), BETLI (79.07%), BETS2 (78.87%), and BETL6 (78.17%). The 16S rRNA sequence amplification results indicated that these isolates wereBacillus marisflavi(BETL2),Bacillus altitudinis(BETL4),Microbacterium arborescens(BETL1),Exiguobacterium indicum(BETS2), andBacillus marisflavi(BETL6). The four most efficient isolates were structurally analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and this revealed that the length and breadth of isolates—BETLI, BETL2, BETL4, and BETS2 were 701.70 nm × 348.30 nm, 954.10 nm × 303.10 nm, 984.10 nm × 332.90 nm and 1422.00 nm × 742.00 nm, respectively. The result of the present study indicated that the above four novel strains of endophytic bacterial isolates enhance the mortality of J2ofM. incognitarace2 and has the potentiality as biological control agents againstM. incognita.