bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial Nerve Injuries In Patients With Moderate To Severe Head Trauma – Analysis of 91,196 Patients From The TraumaRegister DGU® Between 2008 And 2017
Authors: Huckhagel Torge , Riedel Christian , Rohde Veit , Lefering Rolf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury　(TBI)　constitutes a major cause of trauma-related disability and mortality. The epidemiology and implications of associated cranial nerve injuries　(CNI)　in moderate to severe TBI are largely unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CNI in a large European cohort of TBI patients as well as clinical differences between TBI cases with and without concomitant CNI (CNI vs. control group) by means of a multinational trauma registry.MethodsThe TraumaRegister DGU® was evaluated for trauma patients with head injuries ≥2 Abbreviated Injury Scale, who had to be treated on intensive care units after emergency admission to European hospitals between 2008 and 2017. CNI and control cases were compared with respect to demographic, clinical, and outcome variables.Results1.0% (946 of 91,196) of TBI patients presented with additional CNI. On average, CNI patients were younger than control cases (44.3±20.6 vs. 51.8±23.0 years) but did not differ regarding sex distribution (CNI 69.4%; control 69.1%). Traffic accidents were encountered more frequently in CNI cases (52.3% vs. 46.7%; p<0.001; chi-squared test) and falls more commonly in the control group (45.2% vs. 37.1%; p<0.001). CNI patients suffered more frequently from concomitant face injuries (28.2% vs. 17.5%; p<0.001) and skull base fractures (51.0% vs. 23.5%; p<0.001). Despite similar mean Injury Severity Score (CNI 21.8±11.3; control 21.1±11.7) and Glasgow Coma Scale score (CNI 10.9±4.2, control 11.1±4.4), there was a considerably higher rate of anisocoria in CNI patients (20.1% vs. 11.2%; p<0.001). Following primary treatment, 50.8% of CNI and 35.5% of control cases showed moderate to severe disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 3-4; p<0.001).ConclusionsCNI as rare adjuncts to TBI should raise the suspicion of complicating skull base fractures and indicate higher rates of functional impairment following primary care.
Low HDL-Cholesterol is Associated with Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Chen , Lin Tingting , Wang Xinru , Yu Zhicheng , Zhuge Xiaoling , Cui Wenjing , Wang Miaomiao , Wang Zhongqiu , Guo Chuangen , Chen Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) has the potential of malignant transformation. Previous studies showed that HDL-c was related to risk of cancer. In this study, we showed the association between HDL-c and the incidence of malignancy in IPMNs.Material and methods: 226 patients with histologically proven IPMNs who underwent surgery were included in the present study. 151 patients were assigned to training group andother 75 patients was set as a validation. Patients’ demographic information, clinical data, and pathological features were obtained from medical records. Those with high grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma were defined as malignant IPMNs. Logistic regression analyses were used to show the association between HDL-cand malignant IPMNs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to show the predictive performance. Results: Prevalence of low HDL-c in patients with malignant IPMNs was higher than those with non-malignant IPMNs (p < 0.01) both in training group and validation group. Prevalence of malignant IPMNs was decreased with the increase of HDL-c both in all IPMNs and Branch-Duct IPMNs (BD-IPMNs).Logistic analysis showed that low HDL-c was associated with malignant IPMNs (OR =20.56, 95% CI:2.58 - 163.64) in all IPMNs and BD-IPMNs (OR = 17.6, 95%CI: 1.16-268.46).The predictive performance of mural nodule plus low HDL-c was higher than that of mural nodule alone or mural nodule plus cyst size in identifying malignant BD-IPMNs.Conclusion: HDL-c may be a potential biomarker for identifying malignant IPMNs. Moreover, HDL-c may improve the predictive ability of malignancy in BD-IPMNs.
Neuroprotective Effects of Ex Vivo Expanded Regulatory T Cells on Trimethyltin Induced Neurodegeneration in Mice
Authors: Park Seon-Young , Yang HyeJin , Ye Minsook , Liu Xiao , Shim Insop , Chang Young-Tae , Bae Hyunsu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTrimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxicant that leads to hippocampal neurodegeneration. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining the immune balance in the central nervous system (CNS), but their activities are impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine whether adoptive transfer of Tregs, as a living drug, ameliorates hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-intoxicated mice.MethodsCD4+CD25+ Tregs were expanded in vitro and adoptively transferred to TMT-treated mice. First, we explored the effects of Tregs on behavioral deficits using the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze tests. Biomarkers related to memory formation, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase C (PKC), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), nerve growth factor (NGF), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the hippocampus were examined by immunohistochemistry after mouse sacrifice. To investigate the neuroinflammatory responses, the polarization status of microglia was examined in vivo and in vitro using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy (ELISA). Additionally, the inhibitory effects of Tregs on TMT-induced microglial activation were examined using time-lapse live imaging in vitro with an activation-specific fluorescence probe, CDr20.ResultsAdoptive transfer of Tregs improved spatial learning and memory functions and reduced anxiety in TMT-intoxicated mice. Additionally, adoptive transfer of Tregs reduced neuronal loss and recovered the expression of neurogenesis enhancing molecules in the hippocampi of TMT-intoxicated mice. In particular, Tregs inhibited microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the hippocampi of TMT-intoxicated mice. The inhibitory effects of TMT were also confirmed via in vitro live time lapse imaging in a Treg/microglia co-culture system.ConclusionsThese data suggest that adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorates disease progression in TMT-induced neurodegeneration by promoting neurogenesis and modulating microglial activation and polarization.
In Vitro Regeneration of The Endangered Cactus Turbincarpus Mombergeri Riha, A Hybrid of T. Laui x T. Pseudopectinatus
Authors: Santos-Diaz Maria del Socorro , Santos-Díaz Ma. Lourdes , Alvarado-Rodríguez Juana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Turbinicarpus mombergeri is a cacti species formed by a hybridization process between Turbinicarpus laui and Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus. Under natural conditions, it is very difficult for two species be genetically compatible for hybridization, and to produce flowers at the same time. Thus, T. mombergeri is a very interesting and a rare species. Unfortunately, the current populations are decreasing and now it is considered critically endangered. The aim of this research was to develop a successful protocol for propagating T. mombergeri using the in vitro culture techniques. Seed disinfection was performed with Plant Preservative Mixture, and 80% of germination occurred at day 45 in Murashige-Skoog medium. The shoots were cut longitudinally, and the segments were transferred to media containing 2.22 or 4.44 µM benzyladenine to induce shooting. The generated shoots were highly hydrated, and presented abundant callus. The hyperhydricity was controlled by reducing salt medium concentration, by increasing calcium levels and by using polyethylenglycol. The reduction of callus was attained by adding tri-iodo benzoic acid. Vigorous and thick shoots were generated in medium containing urea, and rooting improved in the presence of 0.5 µM indoleacetic acid. Plantlets with normal morphology were obtained, and the survival rate of the plants in soil was 80%. The methodology developed represents an alternative for propagation of T. mombergeri under controlled conditions for commercial or conservation purposes.
Identifying Lower Limb Problems And The Types of Safety Footwear Worn In The Australian Wine Industry: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Copper Alexander , Scharfbillig Rolf , Nguyen Thuy Phuong , Collins Cassandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The Australian wine industry is a valuable part of the wider Australian economy worth approximately AUD$45billion annually and employs 163,790 people either full time or part time. Australian agricultural industries are amongst the nation’s most dangerous workplaces with joint, ligament, muscle and tendon injuries being commonplace along with wounds, lacerations and musculoskeletal diseases. It is therefore important to try and minimise the risk of injuries to workers as much as possible. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the types of lower limb problems that occur in the Australian wine industry and (2) identify the types of safety footwear used. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Australian wine industry. The study was a cross sectional anonymous survey of 82 questions with n=207 respondents. Questions related to job role performed, types of lower limb problems experienced, level of pain, restriction of activities, types of footwear worn, general health and physical health.Results: The main working roles were 73.4% winery, 52.2% vineyard, 39.6% laboratory, 32.4% cellar door and 8.2% office, with 63.3% of participants working in more than one role. Lower back pain was the most commonly reported problem at 56% followed by foot pain 36.7%, knee pain 24.6 %, leg pain 21.3%, ankle pain 17.9%, hip pain 15.5%, toe pain 13% and heel pain 11.1%. The most popular footwear used by participants was the elastic sided safety boot, followed by a high cut lace up safety boot with side zip. Overall, although the pain experienced was moderate to severe, it did not impact the workers ability to perform their duties and the majority self-reported as being in very good general and physical health.Conclusion: To date no data has been published on the frequency of lower limb problems or the types of safety footwear worn in the Australian wine industry. This study demonstrated that elastic sided safety boots were the most popular amongst respondents and with that, certain lower limb problems can occur. Therefore, further research into the safety footwear used is needed to better support workers health while working in varied roles and conditions.
Speckle Patterns formed by Broadband Terahertz Radiation and their Applications for Ghost Imaging
Authors: Leibov Lev , Ismagilov Azat , Zalipaev Victor , Nasedkin Boris , Grachev Yaroslav , Petrov Nikolay , Tcypkin Anton 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Speckle patterns can be very promising for some applications due to their unique properties. This paper presents the possibility of numerically and experimentally formation of speckle patterns using broadband THz radiation. Strong dependence of the statistical parameters of speckles, such as size and sharpness on the parameters of the diffuser are demonstrated: the correlation length and the mean square deviation of the phase surface inhomogeneity. As the surface correlation length increasing, the speckle size increases and its sharpness decreases. Alternatively, increasing of the surface height standard deviation leads to a speckle size decreasing and sharpness increasing. The dimensions of the individual experimentally formed speckles correspond to obtained results of numerical simulation. The possibility of the formed speckle patterns application for the implementation of the ghost imaging technique has been demonstrated by methods of numerical modeling.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Influence Silage Fermentation Characteristics and Bacterial Community Composition of Oat in Cold Region
Authors: Cheng Qiming , Chen Liangyin , Chen Yulian , Li Ping , Chen Chao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Lactic acid bacteria have been proposed for the control of undesirable fermentation and subsequently aerobic deterioration due to their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites in silage mass. To investigate the effect of specific LAB on silage fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition of oat in cold region, silages were treated without additives (CK) or with three LAB strains (LB, Lactobacillus buchneri; nLP, low temperature tolerant Lactobacillus planrtarum; pLP, phenyllactic acid-producing Lactobacillus plantarum), and then stored at ambient temperature (< 20 ℃) for 30, 60 and 90 days. Results: Compared with CK, inoculation of LAB decreased final pH value, butyric acid content, ammonia-N of total N and dry matter loss of silage. Treatments with nLP and pLP increased (P < 0.05) lactic acid content, whereas LB increased (P < 0.05) acetic acid content of silage. Lactobacillus and Leuconstoc dominated in the silages with relative abundance of 68.29~96.63%. A prolonged storage period enhanced growth of Leuconstoc in pLP treated silage. In addition, pLP increased (P < 0.05) aerobic stability of silage as compared with nLP. Conclusions: In conclusion, inoculation of LAB improved silage fermentation and/or delayed aerobic deterioration by shifting bacterial community composition during ensiling. Phenyllactic acid-producing Lactobacillus plantarum as an inoculant exhibited potential for high quality silage production.
WITHDRAWN: Human Blood Type Influences the Host-Seeking Behavior and Fecundity of the Asian Malaria Vector Anopheles Stephensi.
Authors: Khan Shahmshad Ahmed , Kassim Nur Faeza Abu , Webb Cameron Ewart , Aqueel Muhammad Anjum , Ahmad Saboor , Malik Sadia , Hussain Taimoor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The nutritional requirements of mosquitoes include both sugar (generally derived from the nectar of flowers) and blood (humans or animals). Mosquitoes express different degrees of preferences towards hosts depending on behavioral, ecological, and physiological factors. These preferences have implications for mosquito-borne disease risk. The present study is directed to reveal the effect of the human blood groups on the fecundity and fertility of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. In laboratory tests, mosquitoes were fed on ABO blood groups via artificial membrane feeders, and the level of attraction against different blood groups was tested by the electroantennogram and wind tunnel bioassay under control conditions. Overall, the human blood type had a significant impact on the fecundity and fertility of female An. stephensi. The highest numbers of eggs are laid, in the case of blood group B, (mean (±SD)) 203.19 (9.45) followed by the AB, 105.75 (4.51), and O, 98.8 (3.98). In the case of blood group B, females attain the highest fertility of about 89.98 (5.43%). This study provides novel insight into the ABO host choice of the mosquitoes that are still partially unknown and suggests more personal protection, which is a useful tool for the prevention of malaria.
A Novel Minimally Invasive OFM Technique Combined Orthotopic Transplantation of hUC-MSCs with in vivo Monitoring of Liver Metabolic Microenvironment in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Authors: Yang Hui , Xie Yuanyuan , Li Tuo , Liu Shuo , Zeng Sheng , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation showed promising therapeutic results in liver fibrosis. However, efficient cell delivery method is urgently needed and the therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. This study focused on developing a minimally invasive open-flow microperfusion (OFM) technique, which combined orthotopic transplantation of human umbilical cord-derived (hUC)-MSCs to liver and in vivo monitoring of liver microenvironment in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
Methods

The therapeutic potential of OFM route was evaluated by comparing OFM with intravenous (IV) injection route in terms of hUC-MSCs engraftment at the fibrosis liver, liver histopathological features, liver function and fibrotic markers expression after hUC-MSCs administration. OFM was also used to sample liver interstitial fluid in vivo, following metabolomic analysis was performed to investigate metabolic changes in liver microenvironment.
Results

OFM route caused more hUC-MSCs accumulation in the liver and was more effective in improving the remodeling of liver structure and reducing collagen deposition in fibrotic liver than IV. OFM transplantation of hUC-MSCs reduced blood ALT and AST levels, to a greater extent than IV route. And OFM route appeared to have a more pronounced effect on ameliorating the CCl4-induced up-regulation of the fibrotic markers, such as α-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β. In vivo monitoring of liver microenvironment demonstrated the metabolic perturbations induced by pathological condition and treatment intervention. Two metabolites and eight metabolic pathways which were most likely to be associated with the liver fibrosis progression, were regulated by hUC-MSCs administration.
Conclusion

The results demonstrated that the novel OFM technique would be useful for hUC-MSCs transplantation in liver fibrosis treatment and for monitoring of the liver metabolic microenvironment to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanisms.
Forming Mechanism of Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Metallurgical Phases in Dissimilar Materials: Illustrated With Aluminum/steel (Al-Fe) Joints
Authors: Shang Shun-Li , Sun Hui , Pan Bo , Wang Yi , Krajewski Adam M. , Banu Mihaela , Li Jingjing , Liu Zi-Kui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forming metallurgical phases has a critical impact on the performance of dissimilar materials joints. Here, we shed light on the forming mechanism of equilibrium and non-equilibrium intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the dissimilar aluminum/steel joints with respect to processing history (e.g., the pressure- and temperature-profiles) and chemical composition, where the used knowledge of free energy and atomic diffusion in the Al-Fe system was taken from first-principles phonon calculations and data available in the literature. We found that the metastable while ductile (judged by the presently predicted elastic constants) Al6Fe is a pressure (P) favored IMC observed in the processes involving high pressures. The MoSi2-type Al2Fe is a brittle and a strong P-favored IMC observed at high pressures. The stable, brittle h-Al5Fe2 is the most commonly observed IMC (followed by q-Al13Fe4) in almost all processes, such as fusion/solid-state welding and additive manufacturing (AM), since h-Al5Fe2 is temperature-favored, possessing high thermodynamic driving force of formation and the fastest atomic diffusivity among all Al-Fe IMCs. Notably the ductile AlFe3, the less ductile AlFe, and most of the other IMCs can be formed during AM, making AM a superior process to achieve desired IMCs in dissimilar materials. In addition, the unknown configurations of Al2Fe and Al5Fe2 were also examined by machine learning based datamining together with first-principles verifications and structure predictor. All the IMCs, which are not P-favored, can be identified using the conventional equilibrium phase diagram and the Scheil-Gulliver non-equilibrium simulations.
Impact of Sequential Therapy With Osimertinib on the Overall Survival in Patients With EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Inomata Minehiko , Matsumoto Masahiro , Mizushima Isami , Hayashi Kana , Seto Zenta , Tokui Kotaro , Taka Chihiro , Okazawa Seisuke , Kambara Kenta , Imanishi Shingo , Miwa Toshiro , Hayashi Ryuji , Matsui Shoko , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to investigate the associations between the available treatment options and the overall survival.Methods. We retrieved the patient data from the medical charts. Patients who were diagnosed as having EGFR-mutant NSCLC and treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) between 2007 and 2020 at our institution were included in the analysis.Results. A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis. A log-rank test identified EGFR exon 19 deletion in the tumor, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, local therapy for brain metastasis, and sequential osimertinib therapy for patients with the T790M mutation acquired after primary EGFR-TKI therapy as being significantly associated with a better overall survival. Analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model identified EGFR exon 19 deletion in the tumor, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, local therapy for brain metastasis, and sequential therapy with osimertinib as being independently associated with a prolonged overall survival. Conclusion. Our analysis suggested that sequential therapy with osimertinib in patients with acquired drug resistance associated with the appearance of the T790M mutation after the primary EGFR-TKI therapy was associated with prolongation of the overall survival in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC in clinical practice settings.
Intelligent Algorithms of Wireless Communication for Internet of Things Service Security and Privacy Assurance
Authors: Wang Yuanguo , Jiang Xiaogang , Yu Qian , Zhang Xiuling , Zhao Bailu , Wang Xiaobei , Han Tonghui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to its huge application potential, the Internet of Things has received extensive attention from governments, academia and industry. The core concepts of the Internet of Things are perception, control, transmission and intelligence. Through technical means, the coordination of things and things, people and things, and people and people has been realized, thus forming a network based on sensor networks, the Internet, and mobile communication networks. A larger complex network system. However, restricted by the characteristics of network structure, terminal equipment, communication methods, application scenarios, etc., some security and privacy issues unique to the Internet of Things cannot be directly solved by existing Internet security technologies. Aiming at the general high complexity of existing algorithms, this article starts with the different phase-frequency characteristics of different filters, and designs a new low-complexity reduction system algorithm. According to the characteristics of the system that the filter structure can be flexibly selected, the method randomly allocates different filters to each sub-carrier and adjusts the phase of signal superimposition, thereby constructing a coordinated communication facility and management service coordination suitable for large-scale distributed IoT services. The interactive access control architecture realizes the confidentiality of data exchange between services.