bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Wish to die’ is independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in later life. Data from TILDA
Authors: Ragab Inas , Ward Mark , Moloney David , Kenny Rose Anne , Briggs Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an established bidirectional relationship between mental and heart health in later life but the link between wish to die (WTD) and cardiovascular mortality is less well‐defined.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study examining the association between WTD and mortality over 9‐year follow‐up in a large population‐representative sample of older adults. Individual‐level survey data was linked to official death registration data, divided into cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes. WTD was defined as answering affirmatively when asked ‘In the last month, have you felt that you would rather be dead?’ Regression models were used to obtain hazard ratios for the association between WTD at Wave 1 and mortality. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to compare survival across groups.ResultsJust over 3% (275/8124) of participants reported WTD. Mortality data was available for 9% of participants (755/8124). WTD was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.99). Findings were attenuated and no longer significant after excluding participants with heart disease or depression/anxiety/other psychiatric illness. WTD was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio: 2.14 [95% CI: 1.21–3.78]), even after excluding participants with depression/anxiety/other illnesses but not heart disease. WTD was not associated with an increased risk of death due to non‐cardiovascular causes.ConclusionsOlder people who report a wish to die have double the risk of death from cardiovascular disease in the following 9 years, even when those with depression, anxiety or other mental health problems are excluded.
Appraising the revamped performance management system in Indian IT multinational enterprises: The employees' perspective
Authors: Tripathi Ritu , Thite Mohan , Varma Arup , Mahapatra Gopal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent times, leading information technology (IT) multinational enterprises claim to have abandoned many traditional features of their performance management systems (PMSs), including the bell curve. However, there is no published empirical study on how employees are perceiving the change. Using an inductive approach and an employee‐centric theoretical lens, we investigated employees' (n = 426) perceptions and satisfaction levels with the revamped PMS in three Indian IT services and business solutions multinational enterprises. Employees perceived the present purposes of PMS marginally more favorably than those in the past; however, the gap between the present and future aspirational perceived purposes of PMS was significantly much higher. Satisfaction levels with different dimensions of PMS and alignment of PMS with other human resource functions and leader‐member exchange were only modest. Employees mentioned goal setting and continuous feedback as the most positive features of the current PMSs, and transparency, 360° feedback, and adherence to timelines—as improvement areas. The results are indicative of a positive, but the only modest trend in employee satisfaction and perceptions. We discuss the implications of the findings for the employee‐centric theory and practice of PMS in the IT industry.
IL‐13 modulates ∆Np63 levels causing altered expression of barrier‐ and inflammation‐related molecules in human keratinocytes: A possible explanation for chronicity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kubo Terufumi , Sato Sayuri , Hida Tokimasa , Minowa Tomoyuki , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Tsukahara Tomohide , Kanaseki Takayuki , Murata Kenji , Uhara Hisashi , Torigoe Toshihiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBarrier disruption and an excessive immune response in keratinocytes are now considered to have important roles in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Furthermore, disturbed keratinocyte differentiation is considered to underlie AD. ΔNp63, a p53‐like transcription factor, is a major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation. However, the functional significance of ΔNp63 in AD has not been clarified.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression and AD‐associated molecules regulated by ΔNp63 in keratinocytes.MethodsThe immunohistochemical expression profiles of ΔNp63 and AD‐related molecules were evaluated in human skin tissue. The function of ΔNp63 in the regulation of AD‐related molecules and the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression were investigated using human primary keratinocytes. Expression of ΔNp63 was manipulated using the RNA interfering method.ResultsIn healthy skin tissue, we observed an inverse expression pattern between ∆Np63 and some barrier‐related proteins including filaggrin, caspase‐14, claudin‐1, and claudin‐4. ΔNp63 regulated expression of these genes and proteins. In addition, production of IL‐1β and IL‐33, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, was modulated by ΔNp63. Furthermore, prolonged IL‐13 exposure increased the thickness of the three‐dimensional culture of keratinocytes. IL‐13 interfered with ΔNp63 downregulation during calcium‐induced keratinocyte differentiation. IL‐13 modulated some barrier‐related and inflammation‐related molecules, which were regulated by ΔNp63.ConclusionsWe have shown that ΔNp63 modulated AD‐related barrier and inflammatory molecules. In addition, ΔNp63 expression was affected by IL‐4/IL‐13. IL‐13–ΔNp63 axis would integrate two major factors of AD pathogenesis: dysregulated barrier and inflammation.
Rethinking the legitimacy of expectations: Speculative crossclaims, fraudulent transactions, and the immunity rules of the European Insolvency Regulation: Finnish (and some Swedish) perspectives
Authors: Hupli Tuomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a general principle of the law of the European Union, legitimate expectations should be respected as much as possible. The EU Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings (recast) (EIR) aims to achieve this goal by providing a comprehensive set of rules governing the choice of law in cross‐border insolvency cases. Despite the academic criticism targeted at these rules, they remained intact in the recast EIR. The basic problem discussed in this article is that according to the prevailing regime created by the EIR, the expectations of the general body of creditors might be ignored, regardless of whether the expectations of the counter party—the favored creditor or any other contracting party of the debtor—are actually illegitimate. The purpose of this article is to evaluate this discrepancy and to propose means that might allow for its rejection at both the theoretical and practical levels. It will also be argued that the CJEU's judgment in Vinyls Italia (C‐54/16) is insufficient to tackle the basic problem, even though the abuse of the freedom of the choice of law was clearly rejected by the CJEU. The problem discussed in this article is not the abusive choice of the applicable law, but the fraudulent character of the transaction concluded under said law. Furthermore, it seems highly unlikely that the public policy exception (ordre public) would resolve the basic problem, as immunity protection, provided by the various leges causae, is adopted as an integral part of the EIR, with no exceptions for fraudulent or otherwise inappropriate transactions or arrangements. Therefore, immunity protection is part of the public policy of the EU itself. To conclude this article, it is suggested that immunity protection not be revoked but limited only to crossclaims and transactions with no speculative, fraudulent, or otherwise inappropriate motives. This would most likely require a new preliminary ruling of the CJEU. To concretize the problems discussed in this article, the choice of law rules of the EIR regarding creditors' right to set‐off and transaction avoidance are evaluated and applied in the context of the insolvency law of Finland, and, to the extent the basic principles of the national laws are similar, the insolvency law of Sweden.
Economic and legal necessity of personal bankruptcy legislation in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Ou Fuyong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith more domestic pilot explorations launched in China, alternative debt adjustment regulations and bills relating to personal bankruptcy are thriving. This article aims to familiarize the readers with both the economic and legal necessity of a personal bankruptcy system as well as the feasibility of future legislation in China by examining publicized reports and present regulations. Past decades have witnessed the take‐off of China's economy along with prevailing trends in higher debt ratio, more credit loans, and pan‐commercialization. The proliferation of over‐indebtedness propels the need for personal bankruptcy regime. Given the status quo, some alternative legal methods are implemented. By deconstructing the existing regional regulations, this work identifies both progress and drawbacks of current debt adjustment rules from three angles: creditors' benefits, debtors' benefits, and social benefits. After identifying the need for personal bankruptcy legislation, this contribution focuses on the feasibility of a personal bankruptcy system in China. Several salient issues are discussed in three aspects, including political implications, cultural resistance, and social conditions. These unique factors should be considered in forthcoming legislation in China in order to secure a more suitable system.
BSSE‐corrected consistent Gaussian basis sets of triple‐zeta valence with polarization quality of the sixth period for solid‐state calculations
Authors: Laun Joachim , Bredow Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConsistent basis sets of triple‐zeta valence with polarization quality for the elements Cs‐Po were derived for periodic quantum‐chemical solid‐state calculations. They are an extension of the pob‐TZVP‐rev2 [Vilela Oliveira, D.; Laun, J.; Peintinger, M. F. and Bredow, T., J. Comput. Chem., 2019, 40 (27), 2364–2376] basis sets and are based on the fully relativistic effective core potentials (ECPs) of the Stuttgart/Cologne group and on the def2‐TZVP valence basis of the Ahlrichs group. The basis sets are constructed to minimize the basis set superposition error (BSSE) in crystalline systems. The contraction scheme, the orbital exponents, and contraction coefficients were optimized in order to ensure robust and stable self‐consistent‐field (SCF) convergence for a set of compounds and metals. For the applied PW1PW hybrid functional, the average deviations of the calculated lattice constants from experimental references are smaller with pob‐TZVP‐rev2 than with standard basis sets available from the CRYSTAL basis set database.
Stability and validity of intact parathyroid hormone levels in different sample types and storage conditions
Authors: Khalil Haitham , Borai Anwar , Dakhakhni Mohammed , Bahijri Suhad , Faizo Hala , Bokhari Fawzi F. , Ferns Gordon , Mirza Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral pre‐analytical factors can affect the measurement of intact Parathyroid Hormone (IPTH). In this study, we have investigated the effects of using different types of tubes, time elapsed before separation, and storage conditions over time on the measured values of IPTH.MethodBlood samples from 30 subjects were collected into plain, SST, and EDTA tubes. All serum and plasma were separated immediately (first set) and after 2 hrs delay (second set). The first set of samples were aliquoted and stored at RT (25°C), at fridge (4°C), and freezer (−20°C). IPTH was measured in all the stored aliquots at 2,4, and 8 days after collection using Architect analyzer.ResultsPaired T test and ANOVA repeated measures showed no significant difference between IPTH levels in all tubes. The second set of serum and plasma were significantly lower (3.8% and 7.4%, p < 0.001, respectively) when compared to samples measured initially. Serum samples stored at RT were significantly lower (by 45%,59%, and 77%) on days 2,4, and 8 when compared to the initial time (p < 0.001 in all cases). Plasma samples stored at RT, were significantly lower on day 8 after collection, by 30.8% (p < 0.001). These differences would be clinically important.ConclusionPlasma IPTH can be stored at RT for up to four days. Both plasma and serum IPTH are not affected by a delay in the separation of up to two h and they can be stored for up to 8 days in a fridge or freezer without any clinically significant changes in their values.
A question of intent: Application of the Knobe effect in teaching ethics
Authors: Bertolami Charles N. , Opazo Cristián , Janal Malvin N. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose/objectivesThe Knobe effect refers to a measurable tendency among people to believe that undesirable side effects are brought about intentionally while desirable side effects are brought about unintentionally. People blame decision‐makers for bad outcomes but do not credit them for good outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if the same is true for dental students and whether, as health care practitioners, students might mistakenly expect a benefit‐of‐the‐doubt entitlement for themselves that the public is unwilling to bestow when an outcome is bad.MethodsOver three years, roughly 500 first‐year dental students were posed two previously published standardized Knobe cases requiring a yes/no response. The survey was conducted as part of a classroom exercise with aggregated responses recorded digitally, anonymously, in real time.ResultsThe Knobe phenomenon was confirmed among dental students but the effect was muted in comparison to that of the public. Dental students aligned with the general public in declining credit for a good outcome but not in attributing blame for a bad outcome. Overall, dental students' negative responses exceeded their positive responses for both questions—confirming the Knobe effect but also revealing that dental students were less willing to take a stance by positively assigning either praise or blame.ConclusionUsing an in‐class survey instrument to demonstrate the Knobe effect among dental students may be one way of making more concrete an unjustified benefit‐of‐the‐doubt entitlement these future professionals may otherwise expect for themselves.
Assessment of blended learning for teaching dental anatomy to dentistry students
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Siddiqui Faraz , Adnan Samira , Afzal Azam S. , Sohail Zafar Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesBlended learning (BL) combines conventional face to face (F2F) sessions with online educational resources. This method includes the advantages of online course delivery without the omission of conventional F2F interaction. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate students' satisfaction and educational outcomes in a BL course compared to traditionally administered dental anatomy course.MethodsA prospective non‐randomized study was conducted to compare the outcomes and perception of BL for teaching dental anatomy to dental students. First year dental anatomy students (n = 98) were included (48 in the conventional F2F learning and 50 in the BL group). Multiple choice questions were used to assess the achievement of learning outcomes and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) to determine the educational environment during the course.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the pre‐test scores of both groups; however the mean post‐test score for the BL group (31.5 ± 4.5) was significantly higher than the F2F group (27.2 ± 4.9). The post‐test scores were comparable across both genders in the BL group while females secured significantly higher scores than males in the F2F group. The DREEM scores were also significantly higher in the BL group (147.3 ± 15.5) than the F2F group (134.5 ± 15.1) (p < 0.002). A similar pattern was observed in DREEM subscales.ConclusionsThe BL course is associated with improved students’ satisfaction and learner achievement compared to a conventionally administered dental anatomy course. In addition, BL enhanced students’ accessibility, self‐assessment, and higher level of engagement compared to F2F delivery of the course.
Metabolomics analysis reveals the responses of tea plants to excessive calcium
Authors: Liang Li‐Li , Song Ya‐kang , Qian Wen‐jun , Ruan Jian‐yun , Ding Zhao‐Tang , Zhang Qun‐feng , Hu Jian‐hui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe proper growth and development of tea plants requires moderately acidic soils and relatively low calcium levels, and excessive calcium at high pH can damage tea plant roots. To reveal the effects of calcium on the responses of tea plant to three pH levels (3.5, 5.0 and 6.5), a repeated test of two factors was designed.RESULTSRoot growth and elemental analysis indicated that excessive calcium improved the growth of tea roots at low pH conditions, whereas it did not harm the growth of tea roots under normal and high pH conditions, especially at pH 6.5. Excessive calcium antagonized the absorption and utilization of magnesium by tea plants. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry results showed that the addition of Ca2+ resulted in the primary metabolism in roots being more active at a low pH level. By contrast, it had obvious adverse effects on the accumulation of root metabolites with high calcium treatment at normal or high pH. Differential metabolites identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry indicated that flavonoids demonstrated the largest number of changes, and their biosynthesis was partially enriched with excessive calcium at low and high pH conditions, whereas it was down‐regulated under normal pH conditions. Kaempferol 3‐(2′‐rhamnosyl‐6′‐acetylgalactoside) 7‐rhamnoside, quercetin 3‐(6′‐sinapoylsophorotrioside) and delphinidin 3‐(3′‐p‐coumaroylglucoside) showed the greatest increase. The results of gene expression related to root growth and calcium regulation were consistent with root growth and root metabolism.CONCLUSIONThe overall results demonstrated that high Ca concentrations further aggravate the detrimental effects of high pH to tea roots. However, it is interesting that excessive calcium reduced the harm of a low pH on tea root growth to some extent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fermentation performance and nutritional assessment of physically processed lentil and green pea flour
Authors: Byanju Bibek , Hojilla‐Evangelista Milagros P , Lamsal Buddhi P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSignificant amounts of nutrients, including dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are present in legumes, but the presence of anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) like phytic acid, tannins, and enzyme inhibitors impact the consumption of legumes and nutrient availability. In this research, the effect of a physical process (sonication or precooking) and fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici on the ANFs of some legumes was evaluated.RESULTSTotal phenolic content was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced for modified and fermented substrates compared with non‐fermented controls. Trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) was reduced significantly for all substrates except for unsonicated soybean and lentils fermented with L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. When physical processing was done, there was a decrease in TIA for all the substrate. Phytic acid content decreased for physically modified soybean and lentil but not significantly for green pea. Even though there was a decrease in ANFs, there was no significant change in in vitro protein digestibility for all substrates except for unsonicated L. plantarum fermented soybean flour and precooked L. plantarum fermented lentil. Similarly, there was a change in amino acid content when physically modified and fermented.CONCLUSIONBoth modified and unmodified soybean flour, green pea flour, and lentil flour supported the growth of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. The fermentation of this physically processed legume and pulse flours influenced the non‐nutritive compounds, thereby potentially improving nutritional quality and usage. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Current Knowledge on the Evolution of Care Partner Burden, Needs, and Coping in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hulshoff Max J. , Book Elaine , Dahodwala Nabila , Tanner Caroline M. , Robertson Christina , Marras Connie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCare partners support people with Parkinson's disease through a long journey ranging from independence to dependence for many daily tasks. Longitudinal studies are important to understand the evolution of this process and predictors of future needs of care partners.MethodsA scoping review was conducted, searching PubMed for longitudinal studies examining care partner burden, needs or coping in Parkinson's disease published through May 2020.ResultsEight observational studies and 19 interventional studies met the eligibility criteria. Longitudinal observation ranged from 7 weeks to 10 years, involving between six and 8515 care partners. All studies addressed care partner burden, while two and three studies respectively addressed needs and coping. Only one study related burden to specific stages or duration of disease. Results from identified studies show that care partners in Parkinson's disease are at risk for increasing burden over time. Multiple predictors of future burden have been identified related to the person with Parkinson's disease, the care partner, or an intervention. No studies examined the evolution of needs and coping in caregiving in Parkinson's disease.ConclusionThe scarcity of longer term, observational research on the temporal evolution of burden and particularly needs and coping in caregiving for someone with PD is a main identified gap. Even within these observational studies, the impact of caregiving is not often reported. Longitudinal studies on these topics are needed to help understand their change over time and relation to each other, which can inform support planning for care partners.
Assessment of quality in urodynamics: Cough versus valsalva
Authors: Lee Su‐Min , Gammie Andrew , Abrams Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo ensure quality, the International Continence Society recommends asking the patient to cough every minute or 50 ml of infused volume. However, on occasions, it was noticed that if cough transmission was poor, Valsalva maneuvers could show pressure transmission was satisfactory. Hence, a study was designed to compare the two methods.MethodsCough and Valsalva maneuver pressures were compared in 40 patients, 20 consecutive men and 20 consecutive women, undergoing urodynamics at three time points: baseline (20 ml filling), prevoid and postvoid.ResultsAt baseline, the percentage difference between pabd and pves was significantly lower for Valsalva maneuvres compared with coughs for all patients (median 5.1% vs. 10.2%). This association was consistent in male patients, but not for female. At prevoid, this was reversed with coughs providing more consistent pressure spikes than Valsalva maneuvers (median 7.0% vs. 24.1%), for all patients. Postvoid, no difference was noted in either men or women.ConclusionsQuality control during urodynamics is important to ensure diagnostic accuracy. This is the first study to compare two methods of quality control, coughs, and Valsalva maneuvers. Coughs are a useful indicator of pressure transmission quality at all time points throughout urodynamic studies. However, at low volumes, Valsalva maneuvers give a better indication of quality, with lower variability, whereas at cystometric capacity coughs performed better. Therefore, if poor pressure transmission occurs with cough during urodynamics, particularly at low volumes, it is recommended that a Valsalva maneuver is used to further assess whether pressure transmission and thus urodynamic quality is satisfactory.