bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Statins in the Prevention of Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lin Maoning , Xu Tian , Zhang Wenjuan , Li Duanbin , Li Ya , Hong Xulin , Luan Yi , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Min 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-Contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is a severe complication of coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). At present, the mechanism and effect of statins on PC-AKI and its mechanism are still unclear. Methods: It was a multicenter retrospective obeservational study. We reviewed 4386 patients who underwent CAG or PCI, with serum creatinine recorded pre- or post-procedure within 72hrs after PCI, from December, 2006 to December, 2019 admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and its medical consortium hospitals. Multivariate logical regression was used to explore whether preoperative use of statins was a protective factor for PC-AKI, and then path analysis model was used to explore the specific mechanism of statins. Results: In total, 4386 patients were enrolled in the study, the mean age was 67 yrs old, 17.9% with PC-AKI, 83.3% with pre-operative statin therapy. The incidence of PC-AKI was significantly lower in statin therapy group than non-statins therapy group. Multivariate regression indicated that pre-operative statin therapy was significantly negatively associated with percentage of elevated creatinine (β: -0.118, p<0.001) and PC-AKI (OR: 0.575, p<0.001). In pre-operative statin therapy group, no statistically significant deference was detected between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin group (OR: 1.052, p=0.558). Pathway model analysis indicated the direct protective effectiveness of pre-operative statin therapy on PC-AKI (p<0.001), but neither with its lipid-lowering effect (p=0.277) nor anti-inflammatory effect (p=0.596). Furthermore, It was found that “LDL-C→CRP” mediated the relationship between pre-operative statin therapy and PC-AKI (p=0.007); however, only explained less than 1% of the pre-operative statin therapy’s protective effects on PC-AKI. Conclusion: Pre-operative statin therapy is an independent protective factor of PC-AKI, which is not affected by the type of statins and not achieved by lipid-lowering effect or anti-inflammatory effect. Keywords : post-contrast acute kidney injury, statins, path analysis, mediation analysis.
Development of Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) Lines Carrying Vat Gene with Favorable Fruit Traits
Authors: Jariani Parisa , Ramshini Hossein , Lotfi Mahmoud , Amini Fatemeh , Abtahi Hassan , Ahmadvand Rahim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most popular Iranian cantaloupe ‘Samsoori’ is highly susceptible to devastating viruses transmitted by Aphis gossypii. A dominant gene (Vat) causing resistance to the aphid and viruses was detected in ‘Ginsen Makuwa’ in spite of its low fruit quality. They were crossed and the segregating offspring were assessed for combining favorable traits with Vat gene. In the F2 population, moderate to high broad-sense heritability estimates were found for measured traits including, fruit weight (0.78) and soluble solid content (SSC) (0.7). The F3 families were significantly different from each other for earliness, fruit shape indices, cavity, flesh thickness, SSC, and fruit numbers per plant. Resistant and susceptible plants were determined by genotyping 210 plants in F4 generation using a dominant DNA marker for the resistant allele of Vat gene. Out of 15 selected F3 families, four were susceptible, three were homozygote resistant and six showed segregation in their progeny for the Vat gene. Selection assisted by Vat gene marker was a very useful and applied approach for the identification of healthy plants along with phenotypic selection.
Changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) / oat (Avena nuda L.) intercropping system
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Zhao Yajiao , Tong Changchun , Wu Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims Semi-arid region in northwest China is characterized by barren soil, high soil pH and high carbonate content.Methods In order to improve the soil health status in this area, we studied the effects of alfalfa/oat intercropping on rhizosphere soil nutrients and bacterial community by Illumina MiSeq technology in the 3rd year.Results The results showed that SOM significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped compared with monoculture. AN, AP and AK of intercropping were significantly higher than those of monoculture of oat. Bacterial reads number, population taxonomic unit, richness and diversity all showed that intercropping were greater than monoculture. In terms of bacterial phylum, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria were dominant populations. The abundances of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were greater in intercropping systems than that in monoculture systems. At genus level, Opitutus, Pseudomonas, Gemmatimonas and Flavobacterium in intercropping were all higher than those in monoculture. At the same time, proteobacteria, bacteroidetes and actinobacteria were significantly positively correlated with SOM, TN and AN.Conclusions This result indicated that alfalfa/oat intercropping can reduce the pH and significantly improve the microbial environment and nutrients of rhizosphere soil in northwest semi-arid region. Meanwhile, the rhizosphere soil microbial community and nutrients interact and regulate each other. Therefore, alfalfa/oat intercropping is an effective measure that improve soil environment in northwest semi-arid region.
Agrochemical properties of soils of land plots of the Park «Tikhiy Otdykh» of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Ковязин В.Ф. , Демидова П.М. , Иванова Е.А. 
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме формирования устойчивости парковых насаждений, произрастающих на почвах с различными физико-химическими свойствами. Приведены характерные агрохимические свойства почв парка «Тихий отдых» Санкт-Петербурга. По каждому агрохимическому показателю почвы разработаны с использованием современных географических информационных систем (ГИС) тематические карты в масштабе 1:10000 с применением программного комплекса AutoCAD. С использованием данного комплекса рассчитаны площади земельных угодий, имеющих различные физико-химические свойства почвы. В настоящее время данная проблема городских садово-парковых объектов мало изучена и требует дальнейших исследований, именно этой тематике и посвящены изложенные в статье результаты исследований.
The article is devoted to the current problem of forming the stability of Park stands growing on soils with different physical and chemical properties. The characteristic agrochemical properties of the soils of the Park «Tikhiy Otdykh» of St. Petersburg are given. For each agrochemical indicator of the soil, thematic maps were developed using modern geographical information systems (GIS) at a scale of 1:10000 using the AutoCAD software package. Using this complex, the areas of land with different physical and chemical properties of the soil are calculated. At present, this problem of urban garden and Park objects is poorly studied and requires further research. These results presented in the article are devoted to this topic.
Towards quality charcoal briquettes
Authors: Павлов Н.А. , Спицын А.А. , Минич М.И. , Бахтиярова А.В. 
Published: April 2021

Исследовались характеристики и свойства древесно-угольных брикетов, используемых для кальянокурения, влияющие на их эксплуатационные возможности. Проведён сравнительный анализ древесно-угольных брикетов из кокосового, берёзового и соснового сырья. Кокосовый уголь является дорогостоящим сырьём. Предложено заменить кокосовый уголь на берёзовый, что экономически целесообразно. Для получения образцов угля проведён пиролиз кокоса, берёзы и сосны. Полученные образцы в дальнейшем исследовались методами ТГА и ДТГ. Определялись влажность, зольность, содержание нелетучего углерода. Проведено исследование, моделирующее рабочее состояние брикета, что позволило определить важнейшие характеристики древесно-угольного брикета используемого для кальянокурения. Выявлено, что основными эксплуатационными характеристиками являются: запах и прочность брикета в рабочем состоянии, характер разрушения при интенсивном воздействии воздухом. Определено влияние на качество брикетов следующих факторов: сырьё для угля, фракционный состав угля, тип связующего, количество связующего, давление прессования. Полученные брикеты из берёзового угля не уступают кокосовым брикетам по ряду характеристик, что позволяет снизить затраты на изготовление древесно-угольных брикетов при использовании берёзового сырья вместо кокосового. Выявлена перспектива использования берёзового угля в качестве замены кокосовому, а также предложена формула получения конечного продукта.
The work investigated the characteristics and properties that affect the operational capabilities of charcoal briquettes used for hookah smoking. A comparative analysis of charcoal briquettes from coconut, birch and pine raw materials. The main raw material for the production of hookah briquettes is coconut coal, which is an expensive raw material. The paper proposes to replace coconut coal with birch, which is economically feasible. To obtain coal samples, pyrolysis of coconut, birch and pine was carried out. The obtained samples were further investigated by the TGA and DTG methods, moisture, ash, and non-volatile carbon content were determined. A study simulating the working condition of the briquette was carried out, which made it possible to determine the most important characteristics of the charcoal briquette used for hookah smoking. It is revealed that the main operational characteristics are: the smell and durability of the briquette in working condition, the nature of the destruction under intense exposure to air. The influence of the following factors on the quality of briquettes was determined: raw materials for coal, fractional composition of coal, type of binder, amount of binder, pressing pressure. The obtained birch charcoal briquettes are not inferior to coconut briquettes in a number of characteristics, which allows to reduce the cost of producing charcoal briquettes when using birch raw materials instead of coconut. The prospect of using birch coal as a substitute for coconut coal is revealed, and a formula for obtaining the final product is also proposed.
Organization of activities of TB medical units in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baryshnikova L. A. , Kabaeva M. N. , Voekova N. A. , Loginova N. A. , Sirotko I. I. 
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the organization of work of N.V. Postnikov Samara Regional Clinical TB Dispensary in 2020. The special procedure has been developed for COVID-19 tests in patients referred to TB department. All cases of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in tuberculosis patients that occurred in the Samara region in 2020 (n = 31) were studied. Infection control activities are the following: separate filter boxes have been provided for personnel and patients in each department; two observational departments have been organized where patients are admitted depending on the type of medical care. The polymerase chain reaction has been used to examine patients for COVID-19 before admission to TB hospital for planned medical care, and express tests for immunoglobulins M and G have been used when patients were admitted in an emergency. Of the 30 cases of intravital detection of concurrent infections (tuberculosis + COVID-19), in 56.7% (17 people), COVID-19 was treated in the in-patient unit specializing in treatment of the new coronavirus infection, and in 43.3% (13 people), treatment was outpatient; lethality made 1/30 (3.33%).
Tolerability of individual chemotherapy regimens in children suffering from respiratory tuberculosis and exposed to multiple and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Gubkinа M. F. , Khokhlovа Yu. Yu. , Petrаkovа I. Yu. , Yukhimenko N. V. 
Published: April 2021

The objective of the study: to assess the tolerability of anti-tuberculosis drugs (TB drugs) in children with respiratory tuberculosis and exposure to multiple and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis treated by individual chemotherapy (CT) regimens.Subjects and methods: Totally, 89 children (2-12 years old) with respiratory tuberculosis, they all were exposed to multiple and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (17 patients) – minor forms, the chemotherapy regimen consisted of 3 TB drugs, Group 2 (35 patients) – limited lesions, the chemotherapy regimen consisted of 4 TB drugs, Group 3 (37 patients) – the disseminated disease, the chemotherapy regimen consisted of 5 TB drugs. The following TB drugs were used in Group 1: Pto ‒ in 94.1%, Z ‒ in 76.5%, PAS ‒ in 76.5%, Am – in 35.3%, E – in 17.6%, and Cs – in 5.9% of cases. In Group 2: PAS – in 94.3%, Z – in 80.0%, Pto – in 68.6%, Am – in 48.6% and Fq – in 45.7%, Cs ‒ in 37.1%, and E – in 25.7% of cases. In Group 3: Z – in 97.3%, PAS – in 89.2%, Pto – in 81.1%, Fq ‒ in 73.0%, Am – in 70.3%, Cs – in 51.4%, and E – in 37.8% of cases.Results. In general, chemotherapy was well tolerated by 50.6% (45 people) of children, and poorly - by 49.4% (44 people), p> 0.05. Toxic reactions were observed statistically significantly more often versus allergic ones: 63.6 ± 7.3% (28 persons) and 36.4 ± 7.3% (16 persons), p < 0.05. The culprits drugs causing toxic reactions were prothionamide (24 patients), pyrazinamide (2 patients), cycloserine (1 patients), and levofloxacin (1 patients), toxic reactions - amikacin (16 patients). Adverse reactions statistically significantly more often occurred when five-component regimen (67.6 ± 7.7%) was used versus three- and four-component regimens (29.4 ± 11.4 and 40.0 ± 8.3%, respectively), p <0.05.
Contemporary aspects of tuberculosis in children without BCG vaccination
Authors: Kondаkovа M. N. , Аgаfonovа A. N. , Zаkhаrovа O. P. , Kovаlevа R. G. , Elkin A. V. , Khаbirov V. V. 
Published: April 2021

The objective of the study: to analyze the changes in tuberculosis incidence among children not vaccinated with BCG taking into account clinical and epidemiological indicators.Subjects and methods. The data of 66 children who were not vaccinated with BSG and developed tuberculosis were analyzed. The data were obtained from medical files of St. Petersburg TB Dispensary from 2006 to 2019 inclusive.Results. From 2006 to 2019 in St. Petersburg, 66 children not vaccinated with BCG fell ill with tuberculosis, of them, 44 (66.7%) cases were detected in 2013-2019, and the major reason (22.7%) of the lack of BCG vaccination was the unmotivated refusal of parents.The incidence of complicated course of tuberculosis in unvaccinated children made 45.4%. In the structure of medical contraindications to BCG vaccination, HIV infection was the most prevalent (58.2%), including both as prenatal exposure to the mother and HIV positive status of the child.In 61.4% of cases, unvaccinated children who developed tuberculosis were exposed to adult tuberculosis patients.The lethal outcome (for the period 2013-2019) was registered in 3/44 children, all under 1 year, all had a congenital pathology which made the cause of death.
Impact of UV irradiation on disinfection by-product formation and speciation from post-chlorination of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Zhao Ziming , Ray Madhumita B. , Mao Ted , Sun Wenjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of combined low-pressure ultraviolet (UV)irradiation and chlorination on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from different dissolved organic matter (DOM) as DBP precursors. Commercially available humic acid (HA), extracellular organic matter (EOM) from green algae, cyanobacteria, and diatom, namely Scenedesmus quadricauda (SQ), Merismopedia sp. (Msp), and Phaedactylum tricornutum (PT), were used as the sources of DOM. The DBP formation increased with increasing total residual chlorine; EOM from PT presented the highest formation potential followed by HA, Msp, and SQ. The low dosage of 40 mJ/cm2 UV irradiation is insignificant to change the DBP formation from HA and SQ; however, it decreased the DBP formation from bromide-containing EOM of PT and promoted the DBP formation from EOM of Msp at various total residual chlorines. The DBP formation of each DOM correlated well with total residual chlorine. The maximum DBP formation potential (DBPFP) reduction of 42.25 and 13.75% for haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was obtained at the UV irradiation dosage of 300 mJ/cm2 for EOM of PT. However, for the EOM derived from Msp, a maximum increase of 58.1 and 51.1% for HAAFP and THMFP was observed after UV-chlorination.
An entropy-based approach for the optimization of rain gauge network using satellite and ground-based data
Authors: Bertini Claudia , Ridolfi Elena , de Padua Luiz Henrique Resende , Russo Fabio , Napolitano Francesco , Alfonso Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accurate and precise rainfall records are crucial for hydrological applications and water resources management. The accuracy and continuity of ground-based time series rely on the density and distribution of rain gauges over territories. In the context of a decline of rain gauge distribution, how to optimize and design optimal networks is still an unsolved issue. In this work, we present a method to optimize a ground-based rainfall network using satellite-based observations, maximizing the information content of the network. We combine Climate Prediction Center MORPhing technique (CMORPH) observations at ungauged locations with an existing rain gauge network in the Rio das Velhas catchment, in Brazil. We use a greedy ranking algorithm to rank the potential locations to place new sensors, based on their contribution to the joint entropy of the network. Results show that the most informative locations in the catchment correspond to those areas with the highest rainfall variability and that satellite observations can be successfully employed to optimize rainfall monitoring networks.
Numerical investigation of the turbulence characteristics and energy dissipation mechanism of baffle drop shafts
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Yang Qian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The baffle drop shaft is widely used in deep tunnel drainage systems due to its fine applicability and high energy dissipation. To fully study the turbulence characteristics and energy dissipation mechanism of baffle drop shafts, a 1:25 scale physical model test and a numerical simulation based on the Realizable k-ε model and Volume of Fluid (VOF) method were performed. The results showed that a baffle spacing that is too dense or too sparse is not conducive to energy dissipation and discharge. The minimum baffle spacing is the optimal structural design at the design flow rate when the flow regime is free-drop flow. The energy dissipation calculation model established in this paper has high accuracy for calculating the energy dissipation rate on the baffles in free-drop flow. The energy dissipation modes of the shaft can be divided into inlet energy dissipation, baffle energy dissipation, and shaft-bottom energy dissipation. Baffles play a major role in the energy dissipation at low flow rates, and the proportions of inlet and shaft-bottom energy dissipation increase with the increase in flow rate.
Enhanced removal of cadmium from wastewater with coupled biochar and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ding Jing , Chen Weiguang , Zhang Zilan , Qin Fan , Jiang Jing , He Anfei , Sheng G. Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Shortcomings of individual biochar or microbial technologies often exist in heavy metal removal from wastewater and may be circumvented by coupled use of biochar and microorganisms. In this study, Bacillus subtilis and each of three biochars of different origins (corn stalk, peanut shell, and pine wood) were coupled forming composite systems to treat a cadmium (Cd, 50 mg/L) wastewater formulated with CdCl2 in batch tests. Biochar in composite system enhanced the activity and Cd adsorption of B. subtilis. Compared with single systems with Cd removal up to 33%, the composite system with corn stalk biochar showed up to 62% Cd removal, which was greater than the sum of respective single B. subtilis and biochar systems. Further analysis showed that the removal of Cd by the corn stalk composite system could be considered to consist of three successive stages, that is, the biochar-dominant adsorption stage, the B. subtilis-dominant adsorption stage, and the final biofilm formation stage. The final stage may have provided the composite system with the ability to achieve prolonged steady removal of Cd. The biochar-microorganism composite system shows a promising application for heavy metal wastewater treatment.
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current
Advances
Authors: Sharma Smriti 
Published: April 2021

:
The recent developments in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) point to
their potential use for predicting and treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review
focusses on the importance and latest advances in this field, especially with respect to
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing evidence shows that the progression of amyloidbeta
and tau brain pathology is correlated to the cognitive decline associated with AD.
Lot of experimental data suggests the involvement of EVs with these processes, for
instance EVs are known to circulate the misfolded proteins involved in AD. The currently
available information on the role of EVs in neurodegenerative disorder especially in AD
have also presented the knowledge gaps on which future research efforts should be
focused.
Radiological Assessment of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone in the Sacrum: From Diagnosis to Treatment Response Evaluation
Authors: Langevelde Kirsten van , Vucht Niels Van , Tsukamoto Shinji , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Errani Costantino 
Published: April 2021

:
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) typically occurs in young adults from 20-40 years
old. Although the majority of lesions are located in the epi-metaphyses of the long bones, approximately
one third of tumours are located in the axial skeleton, of which only 4% in the sacrum.
Sacral tumours tend to be large at the time of presentation, and they present with aggressive features
such as marked cortical destruction and an associated soft tissue component. The 2020 World
Health Organisation classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours describes GCTB as a neoplasm
which is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing. The tumour contains three different cell
types: neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells, macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. Two tumour
subtypes were defined: conventional GCTB and malignant GCTB. Only 1-4% of GCTB is
malignant. In this review article, we will discuss imaging findings at the time of diagnosis to guide
the musculoskeletal radiologist in reporting these tumours. In addition, imaging for response evaluation
after various treatment options will be addressed, such as surgery, radiotherapy, embolization
and denosumab. Specific findings will be presented per imaging modality and illustrated by cases
from our tertiary sarcoma referral center. Common postoperative and post-radiotherapy findings in
GCTB of the sacrum on MRI will be discussed.