bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroparenting: the Myths and the Benefits. An Ethical Systematic Review
Authors: Snoek Anke , Horstkötter Dorothee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParenting books and early childhood policy documents increasingly refer to neuroscience to support their parenting advice. This trend, called ‘neuroparenting’ has been subject to a growing body of sociological and ethical critical examination. The aim of this paper is to review this critical literature on neuroparenting. We identify three main arguments: that there is a gap between neuroscientific findings and neuroparenting advice, that there is an implicit normativity in the translation from neuroscience to practice, and that neuroparenting is a form of neoliberal self-management. We will critically discuss these arguments and make suggestions for ethically responsible forms of neuroparenting that can foster child development but avoid pitfalls.
Differences between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in histological distribution of residual tumor after induction chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nomori Hiroaki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Honma Koichi , Shoji Kazufusa , Otsuki Ayumu , Cong Yue , Sugimura Hiroshi , Oyama Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims
To facilitate dose planning for convergent beam radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tumor response and histological distribution of residual tumors after induction chemoradiotherapy (ICRT) were compared between adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ).

Methods
Ninety-five patients with N1–2 or T3–4 NSCLC were treated with ICRT followed by surgery; 55 had AD and 40 had SQ. For the evaluation of distribution of residual tumors, the location of the external margin of residual tumors was assessed on surgical materials as follows: radius of whole tumor (“a”); distance between the center of tumor and the external margin of residual tumor (“b”); and its location (“b/a”).

Results
Of the 55 AD cases, 8 (15%) showed pathological complete remission, which was significantly less frequent than 22 of 40 SQ cases (55%) (p < 0.001). AD showed the residual tumors at the most periphery of tumor (b/a = 1.0) more frequently than SQ, i.e., 39/55 (71%) versus 6/40 (15%), respectively (p < 0.001). Even in 65 cases other than the pathological complete remission, external margins in 47 AD cases located more periphery than those in 18 SQ cases, of which mean b/a values were 0.97 ± 0.17 and 0.70 ± 0.29, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
AD showed worse tumor response to ICRT than SQ. After ICRT, AD remained at the periphery of primary tumor more frequently than SQ. It seems that, also in the convergent beam radiotherapy, the periphery part of AD would be more resistant than that of SQ.
Functional Assessment of Stroke-Induced Regulation of miR-20a-3p and Its Role as a Neuroprotectant
Authors: Branyan Taylor E. , Selvamani Amutha , Park Min Jung , Korula Kriti E. , Kosel Kelby F. , Srinivasan Rahul , Sohrabji Farida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs have gained popularity as a potential treatment for many diseases, including stroke. This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17–92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged females and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcomes could be improved by elevating astrocytic miR-20a-3p, we created a tetracycline (Tet)-induced recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) construct where miR-20a-3p was located downstream a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Treatment with doxycycline induced miR-20-3p expression in astrocytes, reducing mortality and modestly improving sensory motor behavior. A second Tet-induced rAAV construct was created in which miR-20a-3p was located downstream of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. These experiments demonstrate that neuronal expression of miR-20a-3p is vastly more neuroprotective than astrocytic expression, with animals receiving the miR-20a-3p vector showing reduced infarction and sensory motor improvement. Intravenous injections, which are a therapeutically tractable treatment route, with miR-20a-3p mimic 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) significantly improved stroke outcomes including infarct volume and sensory motor performance. Improvement was not observed when miR-20a-3p was given immediately or 24 h after MCAo, identifying a unique delayed therapeutic window. Overall, this study identifies a novel neuroprotective microRNA and characterizes several key pathways by which it can improve stroke outcomes.
The use of B-splines to represent the topography of river networks
Authors: Boergens Eva , Schmidt Michael , Seitz Florian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents a new extension to B-Splines that enables them to model functions on directed tree graphs such as non-braided river networks. The main challenge of the application of B-splines to graphs is their definition in the neighbourhood of nodes with more than two incident edges. Achieving that the B-splines are continuous at these points is non-trivial. For both, simplification reasons and in view of our application, we limit the graphs to directed tree graphs. To fulfil the requirement of continuity, the knots defining the B-Splines need to be located symmetrically along the edges with the same direction. With such defined B-Splines, we approximate the topography of the Mekong River system from scattered height data along the river. To this end, we first test and validate successfully the method with synthetic water level data, with and without added annual signal. The quality of the resulting heights is assessed besides others by means of root mean square errors (RMSE) and mean absolute differences (MAD). The RMSE values are 0.26 m and 1.05 m without and with added annual variation respectively and the MAD values are even lower with 0.11 m and 0.60 m. For the second test, we use real water level observations measured by satellite altimetry. Again, we successfully estimate the river topography, but also discuss the short comings and problems with unevenly distributed data. The unevenly distributed data leads to some very large outliers close to the upstream ends of the rivers tributaries and in regions with rapidly changing topography such as the Mekong Falls. Without the outlier removal the standard deviation of the resulting heights can be as large as 50 m with a mean value of 15.73 m. After the outlier removal the mean standard deviation drops to 8.34 m.
Uniform approximations of the first symmetric elliptic integral in terms of elementary functions
Authors: Bujanda Blanca , López José L. , Pagola Pedro J. , Palacios Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider the standard symmetric elliptic integral $$R_F(x,y,z)$$

R
F

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

for complex x, y, z. We derive convergent expansions of $$R_F(x,y,z)$$

R
F

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

in terms of elementary functions that hold uniformly for one of the three variables x, y or z in closed subsets (possibly unbounded) of $$\mathbb {C}{\setminus }(-\infty ,0]$$

C
\
(
-
∞
,
0
]

. The expansions are accompanied by error bounds. The accuracy of the expansions and their uniform features are illustrated by means of some numerical examples.
Rail RCF damage quantification and comparison for different damage models
Authors: Krishna Visakh V. , Hossein-Nia Saeed , Casanueva Carlos , Stichel Sebastian , Trummer Gerald , Six Klaus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are several fatigue-based approaches that estimate the evolution of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on rails over time and built to be used in tandem with multi-body simulations of vehicle dynamics. However, most of the models are not directly comparable with each other since they are based on different physical models even though they shall predict the same RCF damage at the end. This article studies different approaches to quantifying RCF and puts forward a measure for the degree of agreement between them. The methodological framework studies various steps in the RCF quantification procedure within the context of one another, identifies the ‘primary quantification step’ in each approach and compares results of the fatigue analyses. In addition to this, two quantities—‘similarity’ and ‘correlation’—have been put forward to give an indication of mutual agreement between models. Four widely used surface-based and sub-surface-based fatigue quantification approaches with varying complexities have been studied. Different operational cases corresponding to a metro vehicle operation in Austria have been considered for this study. Results showed that the best possible quantity to compare is the normalized damage increment per loading cycle coming from different approaches. Amongst the methods studied, approaches that included the load distribution step on the contact patch showed higher similarity and correlation in their results. While the different approaches might qualitatively agree on whether contact cases are ‘damaging’ due to RCF, they might not quantitatively correlate with the trends observed for damage increment values.
Relationship between microstructure and deformation of porous Ni-based cermets under redox cycling
Authors: Sato Kazuhisa , Watanabe Satoshi , Huang Yihui , Miyasaka Taihei , Matsui Toshiaki , Yashiro Keiji , Kawada Tatsuya , Amezawa Koji , Kumada Keigo , Eguchi Koichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the relationship between the elongation and compression behavior and microstructural changes under redox cycles of porous Ni(O)–YSZ cermets for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Mechanical damage in SOFC and SOEC is one of the most important degradation factors governing the electrical performance of cells. Therefore, it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of each component material, such as elastic and deformation properties, in the operating environment. Particularly, of the Ni(O)–YSZ cermets which currently makes up 90% of the volume of the cell, with present mainstream anode supported SOFC and SOEC. Therefore, understanding the properties of the Ni(O)–YSZ cermets plays an important role in ensuring the performance of the entire SOFC and SOEC. In this study, the microstructural changes of Ni(O)–YSZ cermet by reduction, re-oxidation and re-reduction were observed in detail using microstructural observations and systematically compared with the dimensional change behavior. For the dimensional change behavior, a simple model considering the initial porosity and Ni content is proposed, which successfully predicts the dimensional change due to re-oxidation. Furthermore, Ni(O)–YSZ cermets with high Ni content show large initial dimensional changes, but the dimensional reversibility improves with increase of the number of redox cycles.
Climate change adaptation in conflict-affected countries: A systematic assessment of evidence
Authors: Sitati A. , Joe E. , Pentz B. , Grayson C. , Jaime C. , Gilmore E. , Galappaththi E. , Hudson A. , Alverio G. Nagle , Mach K. J. , van Aalst M. , Simpson N. , Schwerdtle P. Nayna , Templeman S. , Zommers Z. , Ajibade I. , Chalkasra L. S. Safaee , Umunay P. , Togola I. , Khouzam A. , Scarpa G. ,   Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team, de Perez E. Coughlan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople affected by conflict are particularly vulnerable to climate shocks and climate change, yet little is known about climate change adaptation in fragile contexts. While climate events are one of the many contributing drivers of conflict, feedback from conflict increases vulnerability, thereby creating conditions for a vicious cycle of conflict. In this study, we carry out a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, taking from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) dataset to documenting climate change adaptation occurring in 15 conflict-affected countries and compare the findings with records of climate adaptation finance flows and climate-related disasters in each country. Academic literature is sparse for most conflict-affected countries, and available studies tend to have a narrow focus, particularly on agriculture-related adaptation in rural contexts and adaptation by low-income actors. In contrast, multilateral and bilateral funding for climate change adaptation addresses a greater diversity of adaptation needs, including water systems, humanitarian programming, and urban areas. Even among the conflict-affected countries selected, we find disparity, with several countries being the focus of substantial research and funding, and others seeing little to none. Results indicate that people in conflict-affected contexts are adapting to climate change, but there is a pressing need for diverse scholarship across various sectors that documents a broader range of adaptation types and their results.
Intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth: A systematic review
Authors: Hielscher Emily , Moores Catherine , Blenkin Melanie , Jadambaa Amarzaya , Scott James G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic literature review of intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth (aged 12–25 years). The focus was on universal interventions that have the potential to be effective and widely implemented.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Science Database, and Embase. Articles were included if they were a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi‐experimental study and reported on a universal intervention aimed at promoting healthy romantic relationship knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among youth.ResultsThe search strategy identified 27 studies (26,212 participants). Interventions were found to be effective for improving healthy romantic relationship knowledge in the target population. However, the findings were mixed for intervention effectiveness in changing relationship attitudes/beliefs, and there was limited evidence to support change across behavioral outcomes.ConclusionsThis review highlights the need for future research, including high quality RCTs with longer follow‐up periods in a broad range of cultural and ethnic settings, to improve the generalisability of findings. Interventions for adolescents that improve knowledge and behavioral change relating to healthy romantic relationships have the potential to reduce mental and physical health problems during this phase of development.
Impact of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist Relative to Its Design and Intended Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sotto Kenji T. , Burian Barbara K. , Brindle Mary E. 
Published: September 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to identify what parts of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) are working, what can be done to make it more effective, and to determine if it achieved its intended effect relative to its design and intended use.

Study Design
We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis and meta-meta-analyses of findings in WHO SSC systematic reviews following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
Twenty systematic reviews were included for qualitative thematic analysis. Narrative information was coded in 4 primary areas with a focus on impact of the WHO SSC. Four themes—Clinical Outcomes, Process Measures, Team Dynamics and Communication, and Safety Culture—pertained directly to the aims or purposes behind the development of the SSC. The other 2 themes—Efficiency and Workload involved in using the checklist and Checklist Impact on Institutional Practices—are associated with SSC use, but were not focal areas considered during its development. Included in the 20 systematic reviews were 24 unique observational cohort studies that reported pre-post data on a total of 18 clinical outcomes. Mortality, morbidity, surgical site infection, pneumonia, unplanned return to the operating room, urinary tract infection, blood loss requiring transfusion, unplanned intubation, and sepsis favored the use of the WHO SSC. Deep vein thrombosis was the only postoperative outcome assessed that did not favor use of the WHO SSC.

Conclusions
The WHO SSC positively impacts the things it was explicitly designed to address and does not positively impact things it was not explicitly designed for.
ACKERMANN’S FUNCTION IN ITERATIVE FORM: A PROOF ASSISTANT EXPERIMENT
Authors: PAULSON LAWRENCE C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAckermann’s function can be expressed using an iterative algorithm, which essentially takes the form of a term rewriting system. Although the termination of this algorithm is far from obvious, its equivalence to the traditional recursive formulation—and therefore its totality—has a simple proof in Isabelle/HOL. This is a small example of formalising mathematics using a proof assistant, with a focus on the treatment of difficult recursions.
Effects of meteorology and soil moisture on the spatio-temporal evolution of the depth hoar layer in the polar desert snowpack
Authors: Davesne Gautier , Domine Florent , Fortier Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn polar deserts, depth hoar (hereinafter: DH) growth is not systematic unlike on tundra and this is critical for snowpack properties. Here, we address the spatio-temporal variability of the DH layer in the polar desert at two sites in the Canadian High Arctic: Ward Hunt Island (83° N) and Resolute Bay (75° N). Our data show that, over humid areas, DH represented a larger fraction of the snowpack and was characterized by lower density and coarser crystals than over dry gravelly areas. Increased soil moisture extends the zero-curtain period during freeze-up, leading to stronger temperature gradients in the snowpack and greater kinetic metamorphism. Our results also demonstrate that the large inter-annual variability in DH is primarily driven by wind conditions in the fall since this key variable controls the initial snow density and snow onset date. These strong controls exerted by soil moisture and meteorological conditions on DH growth in polar deserts highlight the possibility of major changes in polar snowpacks physical properties in response to the rapid climate and environmental changes currently affecting these regions.
Nonterritorial Autonomy in Northern Eurasia: Rooted or Alien?
Authors: Osipov Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article examines the ideas and arrangements referred to as nonterritorial autonomy (NTA) in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the post-Soviet states. Many scholars regard NTA as a theoretical breakthrough and as a way to drastically rearrange diversity policies. The author seeks to clarify whether NTA had been a groundbreaking innovation and an area of political contestations. Two short periods of NTA-related initiatives after 1917 and in the late 1980s–1990s may look like attempts (albeit ineffective) to replace the earlier forms of diversity governance. The author shows that the ideas of group societal separateness, differential treatment of individuals, group agency, and cohesiveness, as well as a group’s running of its internal affairs, were present in varying degrees in imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet governments’ thoughts and practices. Academia and civil society were also appropriating and developing these views, and group self-rule on a nonterritorial basis was their logical extension. However, the practical implementation was, in most cases, on a top-down basis, and group agency and self-rule were affirmed mostly rhetorically. The continuity of discourses and practices demonstrates that NTA was an integral part of “normal” and broad ethnopolitical developments across the major historic divides in Northern Eurasia.
Topics, Concepts, and Measurement: A Crowdsourced Procedure for Validating Topics as Measures
Authors: Ying Luwei , Montgomery Jacob M. , Stewart Brandon M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTopic models, as developed in computer science, are effective tools for exploring and summarizing large document collections. When applied in social science research, however, they are commonly used for measurement, a task that requires careful validation to ensure that the model outputs actually capture the desired concept of interest. In this paper, we review current practices for topic validation in the field and show that extensive model validation is increasingly rare, or at least not systematically reported in papers and appendices. To supplement current practices, we refine an existing crowd-sourcing method by Chang and coauthors for validating topic quality and go on to create new procedures for validating conceptual labels provided by the researcher. We illustrate our method with an analysis of Facebook posts by U.S. Senators and provide software and guidance for researchers wishing to validate their own topic models. While tailored, case-specific validation exercises will always be best, we aim to improve standard practices by providing a general-purpose tool to validate topics as measures.
Activist-Appointed Directors
Authors: Kang Jun-Koo , Kim Hyemin , Kim Jungmin , Low Angie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examine the value impact of independent directors nominated by activists (Activist IDs). Firms appointing Activist IDs experience larger value increases than firms appointing other directors, particularly when Activist IDs have private firm experience and when their nominators remain as shareholders. This value increase persists over a long period and is greater than that of activism events without director appointments. The increase is also higher among firms with greater monitoring needs and entrenched boards. Moreover, the appointments of Activist IDs are greeted more positively by the market, and Activist IDs obtain more favorable shareholder votes and additional future directorships.
Development of a revolute-type kinematic model for human upper limb using a matrix approach
Authors: Gillawat Anil Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA mathematical model is proposed for a revolute joint mechanism with an n-degree of freedom (DOF). The matrix approach is used for finding the relation between two consecutive links to determine desired link parameters such as position, velocity and acceleration using the forward kinematic approach. The matrix approach was confirmed for a proposed 10 DOF revolute type (R-type) human upper limb model with servo motors at each joint. Two DOFs are considered each at shoulder, elbow and wrist joint, followed by four DOF for the fingers. Two DOFs were considered for metacarpophalangeal (mcp) and one DOF each for proximal interphalangeal (pip) and distal interphalangeal (dip) joints. MATLAB script function was used to evaluate the mathematical model for determining kinematic parameters for all the proposed human upper limb model joints. The simplified method for kinematic analysis proposed in this paper will further simplify the dynamic modeling of any mechanism for determining joint torques and hence, easy to design control system for joint movements.
Fourier duality in the Brascamp–Lieb inequality
Authors: BENNETT JONATHAN , JEONG EUNHEE 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt was observed recently in work of Bez, Buschenhenke, Cowling, Flock and the first author, that the euclidean Brascamp–Lieb inequality satisfies a natural and useful Fourier duality property. The purpose of this paper is to establish an appropriate discrete analogue of this. Our main result identifies the Brascamp–Lieb constants on (finitely-generated) discrete abelian groups with Brascamp–Lieb constants on their (Pontryagin) duals. As will become apparent, the natural setting for this duality principle is that of locally compact abelian groups, and this raises basic questions about Brascamp–Lieb constants formulated in this generality.