bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grimmite, NiCo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, a new thiospinel from Příbram, Czech Republic
Authors: Škácha Pavel , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Dolníček Zdeněk , Ulmanová Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The new mineral grimmite, NiCo2S4, was found in
siderite–sphalerite gangue at the dump of shaft no. 9, one of the mines in
the abandoned Příbram uranium and base-metal district, central
Bohemia, Czech Republic. The new mineral occurs as rare idiomorphic to
hypidiomorphic grains up to 200  µm × 70 µm in size or veinlet
aggregates. In reflected light, grimmite is creamy grey with a pinkish tint.
Pleochroism, polarising colours and internal reflections were not observed.
Reflectance values of grimmite in the air (R %) are 42.5 at 470 nm, 45.9
at 546 nm, 47.7 at 589 nm and 50.2 at 650 nm). The empirical formula for
grimmite, based on electron-microprobe analyses (n= 13), is
Ni1.01(Co1.99Fe0.06Pb0.01Bi0.01)Σ2.07S3.92. The ideal formula is NiCo2S4; requires Ni 19.26,
Co 38.67, and S 42.07; and totals 100.00 wt %. According to the single-crystal
X-ray diffraction data (Robs=0.0489), grimmite is cubic, Fd–3m, a=9.3933(9), with V=828.81(14) Å3 and Z=8. The calculated
density is 4.96 g cm−3. The strongest reflections of the calculated
powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I)(hkl)] are 3.3210 (75) (220),
2.7116 (7) (222), 2.3483 (81) (400), 1.9174 (27) (422), 1.6605 (100) (440),
1.4852 (11) (620) and 1.3558 (15) (444). Grimmite is named after Johann Grimm
(24 June or 24 July 1805 to 26 June 1874), the former director of the
Příbram Mining College. The association of sulfides and
sulfarsenides was found with grimmite. Essentially non-zoned coarse-grained
siderite encloses idiomorphic crystals and/or aggregates of red sphalerite I
and zoned skutterudite-group minerals. Skutterudites (skutterudite,
niklskutterudite and ferroskutterudite) are usually strongly corroded and
replaced by younger phases. Relics of skutterudite are rimmed by nickeline
and later on by gersdorffite with rare domains of glaucodot and
arsenopyrite, whereas completely leached parts of skutterudite crystals are
filled up by quartz containing small isolated grains and aggregates of
pyrite, sphalerite II, grimmite, galena, ullmannite, bismuthinite, parkerite
and jaipurite, the latter being rarely enclosed in grimmite.
Last interglacial sea-level proxies in East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Boyden Patrick , Weil-Accardo Jennifer , Deschamps Pierre , Oppo Davide , Rovere Alessio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we describe a sea-level database compiled using published last interglacial, Marine Isotopic Stage 5 (MIS 5), geological sea-level proxies within East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean (EAWIO). Encompassing vast tropical coastlines and coralline islands, this region has many occurrences of well-preserved last interglacial stratigraphies. Most notably, islands almost entirely composed of Pleistocene reefs (such as Aldabra, the Seychelles) have provided reliable paleo relative sea-level indicators and well-preserved samples for U-series chronology. Other sea-level proxies include uplifted marine terraces in the north of Somalia and Pleistocene eolian deposits notched by the MIS 5 sea level in Mozambique to tidal notches in luminescence-limited eolian deposits in Mozambique. Our database has been compiled using the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) interface and contains 58 sea-level indicators and 2 terrestrial-limiting data points. The open-access database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4302244 (Version 1.03; Boyden et al., 2020).
PENGUKURAN TINGGI DAN DIAMETER TANAMAN MERANTI MERAH (Shorea pauciflora C.F. Gaertn) DI KEBUN RAYA UNMUL SAMARINDA (KRUS)
Authors: Herijanto Thamrin  
Published: April 2021

Forest is a natural resource that can be renewed and utilized. Utilization of forest resources must pay attention to the principle of being beneficial and providing sustainable results for humans. Forests must be maintained in order to get these benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the height and diameter of the Red Meranti tree (Shorea pauciflora C.F. Gaertn) at the age of 13 at the Botanical Garden Unmul Samarinda (KRUS). The expected results of this study are to provide information on the height and diameter growth of red meranti (Shorea pauciflora.C.F.Gaertn). This research was conducted at the Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda (KRUS) for 2 months, namely July - August 2020. Sampling was done with simple random sampling, on red meranti plants 13 years old with a spacing of 6 x 6 m as much as 50 trees. Measuring Diameter using Phiband and Height using a clinometer and a 4 m long pole tool. The results obtained were processed with simple statistics and analyzed using descriptive methods. Based on the results of the processing and data analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the diameter growth of the red meranti plant aged 13 years in the Botanical Garden of Unmul Samarinda (KRUS) did not vary (relatively uniform) with an average diameter of 13.42 cm, where the plant with a diameter large grow on the edge of the area and small ones are in the middle of the area. Meanwhile, the height growth of red meranti plants did not show any variation (relatively uniform) with an average height of 11.59 m. To get optimal results, both in height and diameter, plant maintenance activities are needed, especially cleaning existing weeds.
PERTUMBUHAN DIAMETER DAN TINGGI POHON SUNGKAI (Peronema Canescens Jack) UMUR 27 TAHUN DI HUTAN TANAMAN POLITEKNIK PERTANIAN NEGERI SAMARINDA
Authors: Herijanto Thamrin  
Published: April 2021

Forests are one of the great natural resources of benefit to human welfare. Forests are also the basic capital of national development. As the basic capital of national development, the forest must be preserved so that the benefits of this forest will not only be enjoyed now, but for generations to come. Therefore, these forest resources need to be managed properly and appropriately so that the benefits and results can be optimal and sustainable.
The purpose of this research was to find out the growth of the diameter and height of sungkai plants (Peronema canescens) aged 27 years in the Forest of Agricultural Polytechnic plants of Samarinda State. The expected result of this research is as an information material to the relevant parties as a consideration for the management of sungkai plants in the future.
This research was carried out in the campus area of Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic. The material used is a 27-year-old sungkai (Peronema canescens) tree as many as 144 trees that were carried out for 3 (three) months, namely in October to December 2019. Diameter Measurement using Phiband and Height using Clinometer and tools in the form of pole / stick along 4 m. The results obtained are processed with simple statistics and analyzed using descriptive methods.
Based on the results of processing and analysis of data that has been done, it can be concluded that the planting diameter of plants sungkai age 27 years in the area of Agricultural Polytechnic samarinda varies greatly with an average diameter of 17.42 cm, where plants with large diameters grow on the edge of the area and small ones are in the middle of the area. While the growth of sungkai plant height is relatively uniform with an average height of 20.19 m. The advice given from the results of this study is that there needs to be maintenance especially for looting because the growing space is less than ideal anymore. This can be seen by the related header of such plants in so difficult to distinguish the tip of the header from each other
The role of Dwaya Haridra with Nimbadi tail in the management of of vicharchika W.S.R. to Eczema
Authors: Dr. Subhash B. Jamdhade  , Namrata kende  , Dr. S. K. Jaiswal  , Dr. Pradnya. S. Jamdhade  
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In ayurveda all skin diseases describes under the heading of kushta .
"Kushnatee iti kushtham."
( Ma.Ni/kushta/Tika 1)
The disease that destroyes the affected part of skin . Both charak samhita and sushrut samhita classify skin disease into 2 categories .
1) Mahakushtha (major)
2) Kshudrakushtha (minor)
....... Ch.ni 5/4
Ayurvedically, Eczema is considered to be a type of kushtha. i. e.type of kushdrakushtha which is disease of the skin .It is also known as a type of twak roga .which also signifies that it is a skin disease that twak translates to skin and rog translates to pain . Vicharchika is characterised by the following symptoms ati kandu ,bahu strav ,rukshta ,shyavata ,pidika,raji. As described in terms od nidan ,purvarupa,samprapti and chikitsa vicharchika can most certainly be corelated with the modern interpretation of eczema or atopic dermatitis .Eczema or atopic dermatitis is chronic inflammatory skin condition.
Atopic dermatitis is characterised by cracked or scaly skin discolored patches,erythma(red skin),papules, exudate(oozing) and intence pruritus (itching ).
Creating and appropriating value in cooperation networks
Authors: Arantes Rita De Cassia , Mineiro Andréa Aparecida da Costa , Castro Cleber Carvalho de , Deboçã Leonardo Pinheiro 
Published: April 2021

Objective of the study: The objective of this research was to analyze how the processes of creation and appropriation of value are manifested in a horizontal agribusiness networkMethodology / approach: A case study was carried out in the Cerrado Mineiro Region (CMR) in which documentary research and interviews were used as source, whose data were analyzed through content analysis by frequency. Originality / Relevance: There is little evidence in the literature about studies that explore processes of joint value creation and appropriation in horizontal networks. In view of this gap, the study proceeds by individually addressing the processes of creation and appropriation of value considering the nature of cooperation of the networks.Main results: In relation to the results achieved, CMR creates value in cost reduction, differentiation by product, market expansion, expertise in the production of coffee, differentiation, dissemination and strengthening of the brand. Regarding the appropriation of value, CMR appropriates itself for the commercialization of potential quality coffee, the learning process, the premium paid in the cooperative's coffee, the valorization of the producer and for having a unique way for the production of coffee.Theoretical / methodological contributions: Among the main contributions of this study, the individual analysis highlights the processes of creation and appropriation of value applied to horizontal networks. The considerations reinforce the fine line between the processes of creation and appropriation of relational value. That is, in addition to developing internal competencies and essential skills for the creation and appropriation of value, organizations must devise strategies to achieve a balance between these processes.
FNDC5 expression closely correlates with muscle fiber types in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle and regulates myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells
Authors: Men Xiao-Ming , Xu Zi-Wei , Tao Xin , Deng Bo , Qi Ke-Ke 
Published: April 2021

Background
Irisin (a glycosylated protein) is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is expressed mainly in animal muscle tissues and has multiple metabolic regulatory activities. However, their roles in controlling myofiber types in skeletal muscle remain unclear.

Methodology
Two different commercial hybridized pigs, LJH (a crossed pig containing Chinese native pig genotypes) and DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were selected to analyze FNDC5 mRNA expression and the mRNA composition of four adult myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms (IIIaIIxIIb) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to investigate the effects of FNDC5 on the four MyHCs mRNA expressive levels, using small interfering RNA for depletion and a eukaryotic expression vector carrying FNDC5 for overexpression. ZLN005 (a small molecule activator of FNDC5’s upstream control gene PGC1α) or recombinant human irisin protein were also used.

Results
In LD muscle, LJH pigs had the higher FNDC5 mRNA level, and MyHC I or IIa proportion than DLY pigs (P < 0.05). For C2C12 cells in vitro, small interfering RNA (si-592) silencing of FNDC5 expression markedly reduced MyHC IIa mRNA levels (P < 0.05), while FNDC5 overexpression significantly increased MyHC IIa mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Exogenous irisin increased the mRNA levels of PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), FNDC5, MyHCI, MyHCIIa, NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A,) (P < 0.05), and the enzyme activities of SDH (succinate dehydrogenase), CK (creatine kinase), and MDH (malate dehydrogenase) in C2C12 myotubes (P < 0.05). These results showed that FNDC5 mRNA expression had a significant association with the characteristics of myofiber types in porcine muscle, and participated in regulating MyHCs mRNA expression of C2C12 myogenic differentiation cells in vitro. FNDC5 could be an important factor to control muscle fiber types, which provides a new direction to investigate pork quality via muscle fiber characteristics.
Development and validation of an oxidative stress—associated prognostic risk model for melanoma
Authors: Yang Yu , Long Xuan , Li Kun , Li Guiyun , Yu Xiaohong , Wen Ping , Luo Jun , Tian Xiaobin , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Oxidative stress (OS) is key to various diseases and is implicated in cancer progression and oncogenesis. However, the potential diagnostic value of OS-related genes in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) remains unclear.

Methods
We used data of RNA sequencing from 471 tumor tissues and one healthy tissue acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-SKCM cohort. The Genome Tissue Expression database was used to acquire transcriptome data from 812 healthy samples. OS-related genes that were differentially expressed between SKCM and healthy samples were investigated and 16 prognosis-associated OS genes were identified. The prognostic risk model was built using univariate and Cox multivariate regressions. The prognostic value of the hub genes was validated in the GSE65904 cohort, which included 214 SKCM patients.

Results
The overall survival rate of SKCM patients in the high-risk group was decreased compared to the low-risk group. In both TCGA and GSE65904 cohorts, the ROC curves suggested that our prognostic risk model was more accurate than other clinicopathological characteristics to diagnose SKCM. Moreover, risk score and nomograms associated with the expression of hub genes were developed. These presented reiterated our prognostic risk model. Altogether, this study provides novel insights with regards to the pathogenesis of SKCM. The 16 hub genes identified may help in SKCM prognosis and individualized clinical treatment.
Identification and comparison of circular RNAs in preeclampsia
Authors: Ping Zepeng , Ai Ling , Shen Huaxiang , Zhang Xing , Jiang Huling , Song Ye 
Published: April 2021

Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome, belongs to the gestational hypertension diseases category and is considered among the causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, the pathogenesis of PE is still vague.

Methods
In the present study, the circular RNA (circRNA) expression patterns of normal pregnant women and PE patients were investigated using whole RNA sequencing.

Results
A total of 151 differential expressed circRNAs were identified including 121 upregulated and 30 downregulated ones. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed circRNAs using Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. The results of this analysis indicated that several crucial biological processes and pathways were enriched in PE patients. circRNA–microRNA (miRNA) interaction analysis indicated that the reported differentially expresse circRNAs may be associated with some regulatory functions through miRNAs in PE patients. Two ceRNAs networks were constructed according to the targeting relationship between circRNAs/miRNAs and miRNAs/mRNAs. One sub-network contained one upregulated circRNA, four downregulated miRNAs and five upregulated mRNAs, and another sub-network contained 10 downregulated circRNAs, 21 upregulated miRNAs and 15 downregulated mRNAs.

Conclusion
CircRNA expression patterns have been investigated and this analysis revealed their potential regulatory mechanisms in PE patients. We constructed the ceRNAs (competing endogenous RNA) to reveal the potential molecular roles of dysregulated circRNAs in the PE patients using RNA sequencing data. circRNA_13301 was the only one upregulated circRNA in ceRNA being targeted by four miRNAs.
Sexual dimorphism and skull size and shape in the highly specialized snake species,Aipysurus eydouxii(Elapidae: Hydrophiinae)
Authors: Borczyk Bartosz , Paśko Łukasz , Kusznierz Jan , Bury Stanisław 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSnakes exhibit sexual dimorphism in both head size and shape. Such differences are often attributed to different reproductive roles and feeding habits. We aim to investigate how sexual dimorphism is displayed in the highly specialised fish-egg-eating snake,Aipysurus eydouxii, by analysing two complementary features: body size and skull morphology.MethodsWe used data on body length, weight, and skull shape from 27 measurements of 116 males and females ofA. eydouxii. We investigated both sexual dimorphism and allometric (multivariate and bi-variate) properties of skull growth in the analysed data set.ResultsWe found that although there was female-biased sexual size dimorphism in body length, females were not heavier than males, contrary to what is commonly observed pattern among snakes. Moreover, females tend to possess relatively smaller heads than males. However, we only found very subtle differences in skull shape reflected in nasal width, mandibular fossa, quadrate crest and quadrate length.DiscussionWe suggest that the feeding specialisation inA. eydouxiidoes not allow for an increase in body thickness and the size of the head above a certain threshold. Our results may be interpreted as support for prey-size divergence as a factor driving skull dimorphism since such species in which the sexes do not differ in prey size also shows very subtle or no differences in skull morphology.
Curcumin Scavenges Peroxynitrite in RAW 264.7 Macrophages through Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Kassim Mustafa , Al-abd Nazeh M , Hasan Mohd Shahnaz , Mansor Marzida , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

Background: Overproduction of free radicals is implicated in cell death and tissue injury. Peroxynitrite (PN) is a highly oxidizing and short-lived free radical that is formed by the interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide. Curcumin is a natural compound obtained from Curcuma longa and has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Aim: We investigated the PN scavenging ability of curcumin to determine its potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic diseases caused by highly oxidative molecules.
Methodology: We examined the PN scavenging ability of curcumin either by directly incubating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 murinacrophages with PN or indirectly through incubation with a PN donor (the artificial substrate SIN-1). Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the experimental and control groups.
Results: The results demonstrate that curcumin inhibits PN and the synthesis of PN from SIN-1. Curcumin also significantly improved the viability of LPS+IFN-γ-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages and inhibited NO production. In macrophages, curcumin inhibited cellular PN synthesis, as evidenced by the absence of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of PN-oxidized proteins.
Conclusion: Curcumin attenuates the immune responses that lead to cellular damage and cell death through suppression or scavenging of cytotoxic molecules such as NO and PN. The role of the phenolic hydroxyl of curcumin is critical in PN scavenging.
Pharmaceutical Consultation in Hospitals at Northern Border Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Nawaf M. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pharmacists' traditional position as drug dispensers has recently developed into a more active role in risk evaluation and management. Dispensing is often handled by pharmacy technicians in Saudi Arabia because pharmacists are so preoccupied with their managerial and administrative responsibilities. Pharmacists' meetings with patients are limited to medication dosage and frequency, as well as rare adverse effects and drug interactions.
Methods: We conducted a quantitative questionnaire study in Saudi Arabia to look into the role of hospital pharmacists in patient counseling, the assessment of pharmacists' patient counseling opinions, and the possible determinants of personal consultation.
Results: The number of patient inquiries was found to be very low, ranging from 5 to 20 per month. The amount of private pharmaceutical consultations was also poor. This finding showed that people trust pharmacists.
Conclusion: Reorganizing the pharmacist's operations will help to enhance pharmaceutical consultations. This will help patients make better decisions about their medications and improve their quality of life.
Formulation and Optimization of Zaltoprofen Loaded Ethosomal Gel by using 23 Full Factorial Designs
Authors: Anju K. , Priya Sneh , Sandeep D. S. , Nayak Prashant , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Abhishek , Lobo Cynthia Lizzie , Krithi S. P. 
Published: April 2021

Aim:The objective of the present study is to design and characterize the ethosomal gel containing Zaltoprofen for sustained drug delivery and also to reduce the side effects. Zaltoprofen was chosen here as the drug candidate because of its short half-life and increased dosing frequency.
Methods: The ethosomes containing Zaltoprofen was prepared by using cold method. A 23 full factorial design containing 10 experimental trails was used in order to obtain an optimized formulation. The prepared ethosomes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, PDI, zeta potential, vesicle size, and percentage entrapment efficiency. Optimized ethosomal formulation was incorporated in 1% carbopol gel to deliver the drug through topical route. Invitro drug permeation studies of ethosomal gel (EGL) and conventional gel (CGL) was conducted and flux and permeability coefficient were calculated.
Results:The vesicle size, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation were found to be 124.33 nm, -45.2 mV and 70.03%, respectively. The surface of the vesicles was found to be spherical and smooth. The in vitro drug release studies of the ethosomal gel formulation showed sustained drug delivery when compared with the conventional gel containing the pure drug. In vitro permeability studies show that the flux of ethosomal gel was 2.5 fold higher than conventional gel, which may be the attribution of ethanol and flexible nature of ethosomes.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the ethosomal gel could be a better choice for the topical delivery of Zaltoprofenwith improved bioavailability for its anti-inflammatory activity.