bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Candida Species and Colonization in Whole Saliva of Controlled and Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients with Fasting Blood Sugar
Authors: Owlia Fatemeh , Jafari Abbas-Ali , Khalilzadeh Saeed Hossein , Hajimir Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease, which can cause different effects on oral mucosa. Oral candidiasis is one of the most common lesions, particularly in un-controlled diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was evaluation of relationship between Candida colony counts of whole saliva and fasting blood sugar level and determination of candida species in un-controlled and controlled diabetic patients.
Methods: This analytical case-control study was conducted on ninety diabetic patients, consisted of 45 patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HBA1C>7) and 45 patients with controlled diabetes (HBA1C<7). Demographic data and history of systemic disease were evaluated. The whole saliva samples were collected by spitting method and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and chromogenic agar for determining oral candida spices and colonization. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 and statistical T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation tests.
Results: Data analysis showed statistically significant higher positive candidal growth in uncontrolled group when compared to controlled group. C. albicans was the most common isolated Candida species in both groups. Significant positive correlation of CFU/ml with fasting blood sugar level in both groups was not seen.
Conclusion: In spite of higher rate of candida colonization in uncontrolled diabetic patients, there is no significant relation with fasting blood sugar level.
Evaluation of silica nanoparticles cytotoxicity (20-40 nm) on cancerous epithelial cell (A549) and fibroblasts cells of human normal lung fibroblast (MRC5)
Authors: Karimi T , Najmoddin N , Menhaje-Bena R 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Silica nanoparticles have received more attraction in medical and industrial applications due to their unique properties such as small size, the possibility of surface functionalization, ease of production, and low cost. So, it is necessary to study the respiratory toxicity of occupational exposure due to the production and increasing use of silica nanoparticles, especially in the size of 20-40 nm.
Materials and Methods: In vitro, cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) in 0.6 -3 mg/ml concentrations were evaluated on human lung epithelial (A549) and human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells by MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images AFTER 72 hours.
Results: The MTT assay showed that the cell viability was reduced by increasing the concentration of SiO2 NPs from 0.6 to 3 mg/ml in both types of cells. In 1.6 mg/ml concentration, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SiO2 NPs on A549 cancer cells, the chance of survival is as such: %46 for A549 cancer and %70 for MRC5 normal cells. The SEM images of normal lung cells (MRC5), which have been exposed to Sio2-NP, showed that the morphology of MRCS cells has transformed from a long shape to a circular one.
Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NP depends on the concentration of SiO2 NP and the type of cells. By increasing SiO2 NP concentration, the cell viability decreases for both types of cells. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of SiO2 NP against cancer cells (A549) is higher than normal lung cells (MRC5).
Influence of environmental conditions on the earth pit resistance using earth pit simulator
Authors: Mohammadi damaneh M , Halvani GH , Fallahzade H , Mohammadzadeh M 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Electrocution is the cause of many deaths in the world annually, that electric current passing between the body and earth can be the reason; thus, it is of great importance to construct the ground protection system using earth pit. This study aimed to investigate the effective environmental conditions on the earth's pit resistance using the simulation method.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 192 different experiments were performed and repeated ten times. The parameters evaluated in this study include soil type, reducing agents type, depth, humidity, electrode type, soil density, and electrode placement shape. The resistance value is measured using a three-point ether tester by changing each of them. The obtained data were statistically analyzed, and the results were presented in tables.
Results: According to the results of the experiments, soil density and moisture are considered the most effective parameters in determining the resistance of the earth pit; so that the value of resistance is significantly reduced by changing these two parameters separately or simultaneously. Also, as density and depth of placement increase, the value of resistance in all experiments had a decreasing trend. This study showed that sand was determined as the worst soil type among the soil types due to its high resistance.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, soil density and moisture among the seven parameters under study play a more important role in pit resistance and consequently the severity of an electric shock that should be given more attention to it.
Investigating shift work disorder among workers of Hamadan Glass Factory in 2017
Authors: Shabanian Z , Gholipour M , Amrollahi M , Hasheminejad N 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Shift work is an occupational stressor that influences some workforce. The present study examined shift work disorders among people who work in Hamadan Glass Factory.
Materials and Methods: Participants included 210 workers (130 shift workers and 80 day-workers) of Hamadan Glass Factory. The survey of shift workers (SOS) was used to collect information on respondents’ demographic background, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, psychological disorders, sleep-related problems, musculoskeletal disorders, and adverse effects of shift work on individual, family, and social life. Other information was obtained by studying participating workers’ medical records in the same year. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.
Results: The results indicated significant relationships between shift work and variables such as sleeplessness, sleep quality and quantity, stomachache, and diet. Concerning background variables (age, work experience, and marital status), the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant relationship between age and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, the results of the Fisher test demonstrated a significant association between work experience and social problems; but none of these background variables were connected with sleep disorders. Considering the effect of shift work (morning, evening, and night) on personal, family, social life, and alertness, chi-square results revealed significance among the three shift-work types. Incidence was higher in night shifts than in morning and evening shifts.
Conclusion: The findings showed that shift work is more likely to lead to sleep disorders and gastrointestinal diseases, risk of diabetes, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular disorders than day-work. Shift workers encounter more social problems than novice shift workers.
Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Eurocest Neurotoxic Symptoms Questionnaire
Authors: Firoozeh M , Kavousi A , Hassanzadeh S 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Modified Euro Quest questionnaire to assess neurological and psychiatric effects caused by exposure to organic solvents is used. This study investigates the validity, reliability, and usability of the modified Euro Quest questionnaire in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 206 workers of color and textile industries. Modified Euro Quest questionnaire was translated into Persian by using the forward-backward translation standard method. To evaluate the content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the questionnaire were used the index CVI, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest. The convergent validity was compared, results of the questionnaire, with results of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI).
Results: The relationship between the modified Euroquest questionnaire was compare with the MMSE test and the MFI's questionnaire, Pearson correlation coefficients, and the results showed in order - 0.86 and 0.65, which represents a significant inverse correlation between this questionnaire with MMSE test(p>0.001) And a moderate correlation with the MFI's questionnaire(p>0.001). Content validity index (CVI) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were obtained in order amounts of ≤0.79 and 0.92, which was acceptable. The final questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was calculated (α =0.84).
Conclusion: The modified Euroquest Persian version is a valuable tool to assess the neurological and psychological effects caused by exposure to organic solvents in Iranian workers.
Relationship between workplace ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain, range of motion and spinal deformities in employees: A case study, Kermanshah Oil Refinery
Authors: Gandomi F , Zardoshtian S 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Today, the health of human resources in organizations is considered an important arm. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between workplace ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain, joint range of motion (ROM), and spinal deformities in Kermanshah oil refinery staff.
Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, all official employees of Kermanshah Oil Refinery (n = 300) were invited to participate in the study, in which 160 employees participated as a statistical sample. The independent variable in this study was workplace ergonomics and the dependent variables including musculoskeletal pain joint ROM and spinal abnormalities. Spinal mouse device was used for spinal deformities assessment, ROSA and RULA forms for workplace ergonomics evaluation, babble baseline inclinometer for measuring the range of motion of the neck, shoulder, thigh, knee, and ankle joints, and Visual Analog scale (VAS) to assess musculoskeletal pain. SPSS software (version 25) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between research variables at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between ergonomics of the workplace with musculoskeletal pain (p<0.05), hip, neck, shoulder, knee, and ankle joints ROM (p<0.05). There was also a positive and significant relationship between workplace ergonomics and spinal abnormalities (lordosis and kyphosis) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed, improper workplace ergonomics is significantly associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain, hyperkyphosis, and hyperlordosis abnormalities, and abnormal range of motion of the joints.
Quantitative risk assessment of accidental points in the area of Shahid Beheshti field to Abuzar Square in Yazd with the method of accidents rate - severity index
Authors: TavakoliMehr A , Halvani Gh , Soltani Gerdfaramarzi R , Moradi H , Hobubati H 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Accidents are one of the biggest public health problems in the world. At the same time, most young victims are in good health before the accident. World Health Organization studies indicate that in 2020 road accidents will be one of three of the three leading causes of death globally.
Materials and Methods: Due to selecting the inner-city route, this study identified the accident hot zones by the number-accident intensity index method in one year. The table of coefficients proposed by the state of Georgia was used to weigh the severity of the accidents (injuries, deaths, and damages).
Results: In this study, six spatial units were identified as hot zones ( 9/1% ), and 19 spatial units were identified as yellow zones ( 28/8% ); as. Finally, 41 spatial units ( 4100 meters from 6600 meters ) were identified as cold zones ( 62/1% ).
Conclusion: The most important ways to reduce traffic accidents include the review of traffic signs in terms of the number, size, location, height, and the installation of the speed breaker in the spatial units as hot zones, the construction of an underpass, and the structure of pedestrian bridges with embedding the escalator in some important routs ( hot zones ), developing a comprehensive and long– term training program for improving the driving culture, etc.
The Method Of Reading In Arabic Teaching Based On The Psychological Linguistic/ طريقة القراءة في تعليم اللغة العربية بناء على نظرة علم النفس اللغوي
Authors: Umam Muh Hotibul 
Published: April 2021

This study discusses reading methods in Arabic learning which are based on psycholinguistics. This study is motivated by the existing of teachers who have difficulties in choosing appropriate method for foreign beginners in learning Arabic, and accordance with the study of psycholinguistics. Therefore, this study aims to find out learning methods that are built from the study of psychology, and make a teacher easier to compile material that is suitable in accordance with the conditions and students’ thought level, as well as provide an overview in making methods that are suitable for all levels of students. The method used to apply this research is literature study in the form of documentations such as Arabic books and Indonesian language literature, as well as conducting in depth analysis in a inductive way so that obtain independent information. The results of this study are reading methods in Arabic learning consists of 3 things: First, basic understanding related to the reading method. Second, reading method in Arabic language learning has advantages because of its purpose, with handbooks prepared as reading material, and additional books to expand knowledge (information), and with its foundation that becomes the basis. Third, the teacher’s steps in applying reading method. The theory of psychological science in reading method consists of 7 things. First, the understanding of reading. Second, the opinion of expert related to the reading. Third, the patterns of reading in psychology. Fourth, the way of interact with books. Fifth, the strategy of reading. Sixth, text and reader. Seventh, the role of reading in producing an article.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MELALUI PELATIHAN EKSPOR PADA KELOMPOK UMKM DAN SMK DI BEKASI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kencana Verawati  , Rahmayanti Henita 
Published: April 2021

Banyak pengusaha kecil dan menengah berharap mengembangkan bisnis dengan cara ekspor produknya ke pasar yang lebih luas. Namun demikian jarang ada pengusaha yang dapat terpikir untuk bisa mencoba pasar ekspor agar bisa memperluas jangkauan pasar mereka. Masalah pajak ini pun antara ekspor maupun impor memiliki peraturan yang berbeda. Saat kita mengimpor barang, hampir semua barang terkena pajak impor. Ekspor produk kita ke luar negeri tidak semua produk dikenakan pajak ekspor dan bea cukai. Metode yang diguanakan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan pelaporan. Malalui pelatihan ini kami berharap masyarakat makin mamahami bahwa kendala saat ekspor dan impor itu tidak terlalu sulit untuk di terapkan. Kami memilih di wilayah kota Bekasi sebagai tempat pelatihan ekspor ini selain karena pemetaan dan lokasi kerja yang sudah ditetapkan oleh universitas juga karena didaerah tersebut banyak memeliki kantong-kantong komunitas usaha kecil dan menengah.terjadi di ruas tol dalam kota agar menciptakan kenyamanan dan transportasi yang lebih baik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan logistik.
EFEKTIVITAS RELOKASI PINTU MASUK CONTRAFLOW TOL DALAM KOTA DI SIMPANG SUSUN CAWANG
Authors: Hendri Dunant  , Arrifa Nur Salma  
Published: April 2021

Tingkat efektivitas penerapan sistem contraflow dalam mengurai kepadatan lalu lintas di ruas tol dalam kota dengan merelokasi titik awal contraflow yang sebelumnya berada di Km 1+700 Cawang akan berpindah ke Km 0+200 Halim dengan mengutamakan pengguna jalan tol yang berasal dari ruas tol Cikampek. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu mengkaji data dokumen berupa data primer dan data sekunder seperti Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP), data kondisi lalu lintas volume lalu lintas dan kecepatan lalu lintas pada penerapan relokasi sistem contraflow di ruas tol dalam kota Cawang –Semanggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang didapat penyebab nya adalah banyak sekali kendaraan yang crossing memaksa masuk di titik awal contraflow di Km 1+700 Cawang. Terutama lalu lintas dari arah Jalan Tol Jagorawi, dikarenakan crossing memicu terjadinya konflik yang mengakibatkan gangguan lalu lintas dan dapat membahayakan pengguna jalan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka perlu dilakukan relokasi titik awal atau pintu masuk contraflow sebagai upaya meminimalisir tingkat kepadatan yang terjadi di ruas tol dalam kota agar menciptakan kenyamanan dan transportasi yang lebih baik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan logistik.
Two-volume Dynamic CT&nbsp;Pulmonary Perfusion: Contrast Timing Optimization&nbsp;
Authors: Zhao Yixiao , Hubbard Logan , Malkasian Shant , Abbona Pablo , Molloi Sabee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop and validate an optimal timing protocol for a low-radiation-dose CT pulmonary perfusion technique using only two volume scans.Methods: A total of 24 swine (48.5±14.3 kg) underwent contrast-enhanced dynamic CT. Multiple contrast injections were made under different pulmonary perfusion conditions, resulting in a total of 147 complete pulmonary arterial input functions(AIFs). Using all the AIF curves, an optimal contrast timing protocol was developed for a first-pass, two-volume dynamic CT perfusion technique (one at the base and the other at the peak of AIF curve). A subset of 14 swine with 70 CT acquisitions were used to validate the prospective timing protocol. The prospective two-volume perfusion measurements were quantitatively compared to the previously validated retrospective perfusion measurements with t-test, linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The pulmonary artery time-to-peak ( Tpa) was related to one-half of the contrast injection duration( Tinj/2) by Tpa = 1.06 Tinj/2 + 0.90 (r=0.97). The prospective two-volume perfusion measurements (P­­PRO) were related to the retrospective measurements (PRETRO) by PPRO=0.87PRETRO+0.56 (r=0.88). The CT dose index and size-specific dose estimate of the two-volume CT technique were estimated to be 28.4 and 47.0mGy, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal timing protocol can enable an accurate, low-radiation-dose two-volume dynamic CT perfusion technique.
Splay Tree Hybridized Multicriteria ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly Optimized Vlsi Floorplanning
Authors: Balakrishnan Srinivasan , Venkatesan R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Floorplanning is a basic designing step in VLSI circuit to estimate chip area before the optimized placement of digital blocks and their connections. The process of Floorplanning involves identifying the locations, shape, and size of components in a chip. The floorplanning is a hard problem since the consumption of energy and heat generation was high for the placement of modules. In order to improve the optimized floor planning, a novel Splay tree Hybridized Multicriteria Ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly Optimized Floor Planning (STHMAC-BDFOFP) technique is proposed. Main objective of STHMAC-BDFOFP technique is to efficient floor planning with minimum time. Initially, a number of modules are given with their connections obtained from benchmark dataset. In STHMAC-BDFOFP, a Splay tree-based non-slicing floor planning model constructing trees via modeling geometric relationship among modules. A splay tree is build after performing different operations namely splaying, join, split, insertion, and deletion on modules for floor planning. The constructed floorplan design is optimized by Hybridized Multicriteria Ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly algorithm. At first, the ant colony optimization is applied for finding the local optimum solution from the population of modules in the Splay tree with Multicriteria functions namely energy consumption, heat generation, space occupied, and wire length. Depends on fitness measure, the local optimum solution is determined. Then the global solution is attained by applying the Bregman Divergencive Firefly ranked algorithm. In this way, optimum modules in the splay tree are identified and obtain efficient floorplanning in VLSI design. Discussed results indicate that STHMAC-BDFOFP technique improves the performance of energy and heat aware floor planning as compared to conventional works.
A Comparison of Tobacco Product Prevalence by Different Frequency of Use Thresholds Across Three US&nbsp;Surveys&nbsp;
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Luz María , Cadham Christopher J. , Hirschtick Jana L. , Mattingly Delvon T. , Cho Beomyoung , Fleischer Nancy L. , Brouwer Andrew , Mistry Ritesh , Land Stephanie R. , Meza Rafael , Levy David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: With the increasing changes in tobacco use patterns, “current use” definition and the survey used may have important implications for monitoring population use trends. Methods: Using three US surveys (2014/15 TUS-CPS, NHIS and PATH), we compared the adult (age 18+) prevalence of four product groups (cigarettes, other combustibles, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes) based on three past 30-day frequency of use thresholds: 1+, 10+, and 25+ days. We also examined mutually exclusive single, dual, and polytobacco users as a percentage of total users for each product group. Results: Regardless of threshold or product, the prevalence was higher in PATH followed by NHIS and TUS-CPS, in some cases by large percentages. The differences in cigarette and smokeless tobacco use prevalence in going from the 1+ to 10+ days and to the 25+ days threshold were minimal. Applying different frequency thresholds had the largest impact on other combustibles prevalence, with a 60% reduction with the 10+ days threshold and a 80% reduction with the 25+ days threshold, compared to the 1+ days threshold, followed by e-cigarettes with 40% and 60% reductions, respectively. The proportion of dual and polytobacco users decreased considerably when using the 10+ vs. the 1+ days threshold and polytobacco use was almost non-existent with the 25+ days threshold. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of each tobacco product use depends largely on the survey and frequency of use threshold adopted. The choice of survey and frequency threshold merits serious consideration when monitoring patterns of tobacco use.