bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐Individual versus Inter‐Population Variability of Calendula suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis Hexane Extracts
Authors: Ohse Silvana , Marques Mariza B. , Silveira Paulo C. , Válega Mónica S. G. A. , Granato Daniel , Silva Artur M. S. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalendula suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis (Boiss.) Nyman is very common on the Portuguese coast, but it has only recently begun to be studied chemically and belongs to a genus of difficult taxonomic classification. To improve the knowledge on the chemical variability of this taxon and evaluate the possible use of this tool for taxonomical purposes, the aim of this work was to determine the extent of chemical variation between individuals collected in the same geographic region, and to compare with samples mixing fragments of several individuals each (populations) from different local environments. Overall, hexane extract analysis by GC/MS allowed to identify 42 compounds, eight fatty acids, 24 terpenoids, three alcohols, five alkanes, and two pollutants. Greater chemical differences were found between individuals, grown in the same region, than were found between population samples from different regions. Additionally, 25 phytochemicals were identified for this taxon for the first time and may be used for taxonomic classification, even to distinguish between subspecies of C. suffruticosa. Furthermore, plants collected near urban areas accumulated pollutants, indicating the importance of controlling local environmental conditions when C. suffruticosa cultivation is for human consumption.
Warfarin‐related nephropathy: A case report of a delayed renal function improvement
Authors: Nonaka Eriko , Takashima Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Keiichirou , Fukuda Makoto , Rikitake Shuichi , Miyazono Motoaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe experienced a case in which improving the renal damage caused by warfarin‐related nephropathy took a long time. It is important to follow up for a long time after the initiation of dialysis due to warfarin‐related nephropathy.
Remission of a case of multiple Hymenoptera stings‐associated chronic urticaria during venom immunotherapy
Authors: Dubini Marco , Pravettoni Valerio , Rivolta Federica , Segatto Giulia , Asero Riccardo , Montano Nicola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHymenoptera stings mostly cause acute urticaria but we describe a case of CU after wasp stings which remitted during venom immunotherapy. IgE‐mechanisms have not been fully clarified in CU, except for isolated circumstances. In our case immunotherapy has played a positive role reducing immune cells reactivity and improving urticaria symptoms.
Characterization and optimization of hydrothermal extraction of quercetin from Quercus leaves using response surface methodology
Authors: Shen Haoling , Zhang Jiaojiao , Guo Chensi , Gao Xiangyu , Chen Junying , Chang Chun , Han Xiuli , Wang Lijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA hydrothermal process using subcritical water and ethanol as an extraction solvent has been studied to extract high‐value flavonoid compounds from Quercus leaves. The univariate analysis showed that the maximum quercetin yield was 34.6 mg/g obtained at the liquid–solid ratio of 30:1 ml/g, concentration of ethanol 60% (V/V), extraction temperature of 180°C, and extraction duration of 5 h. Based on the Box–Behnken experiment design, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the liquid‐to‐solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, and other operating conditions of hydrothermal extraction of quercetin. The regression equation showed that the maximum yield of quercetin was 36.1 mg/g under the conditions of solvent ethanol concentration of 65% (V/V), liquid–solid ratio of 40:1 ml/g, extraction temperature of 189°C, and extraction duration of 5.5 h. The quercetin yield of 36.1 mg/g obtained by the hydrothermal method was 5.6 times the 6.4 mg/g obtained by the traditional ethanol reflux extraction at the same concentration of ethanol 65% (V/V), liquid–solid ratio of 40:1 ml/g, and extraction duration of 5.5 h, but at the boiling point of the solvent.
Biomechanical modelling of cancer: Agent‐based force‐based models of solid tumours within the context of the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Macnamara Cicely K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOnce cancer is initiated, with normal cells mutated into malignant ones, a solid tumour grows, develops and spreads within its microenvironment invading the local tissue; the disease progresses and the cancer cells migrate around the body leading to metastasis, the formation of distant secondary tumours. Interactions between the tumour and its microenvironment drive this cascade of events which have devastating, if not fatal, consequences for the human host/patient. Among these interactions, biomechanical interactions are a vital component. In this review paper, key biomechanical relationships are discussed through a presentation of modelling efforts by the mathematical and computational oncology community. The main focus is directed, naturally, towards lattice‐free agent‐based, force‐based models of solid tumour growth and development. In such models, interactions between pairs of cancer cells (as well as between cells and other structures of the tumour microenvironment) are governed by forces. These forces are ones of repulsion and adhesion, and are typically modelled via either an extended Hertz model of contact mechanics or using Johnson–Kendal–Roberts theory, both of which are discussed here. The role of the extracellular matrix in determining disease progression is outlined along with important cell‐vessel interactions which combined together account for a great proportion of Hanahan and Weinberg's Hallmarks of Cancer.
A survey of smartphone and interactive video technology use by participants in Alzheimer's disease research: Implications for remote cognitive assessment
Authors: Jacobs Diane M. , Peavy Guerry M. , Banks Sarah J. , Gigliotti Christina , Little Emily A. , Salmon David P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionParticipants from a longitudinal cohort study were surveyed to evaluate the practical feasibility of remote cognitive assessment.MethodsAll active participants/informants at the University of California San Diego Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were invited to complete a nine‐question survey assessing technology access/use and willingness to do cognitive testing remotely.ResultsThree hundred sixty‐nine of 450 potential participants/informants (82%) completed the survey. Overall, internet access (88%), device ownership (77%), and willingness to do cognitive testing remotely (72%) were high. Device access was higher among those with normal cognition (85%) or cognitive impairment (85%) than those with dementia (52%), as was willingness to do remote cognitive testing (84%, 74%, 39%, respectively). Latinos were less likely than non‐Latinos to have internet or device access but were comparable in willingness to do remote testing.DiscussionRemote cognitive assessment using interactive video technology is a practicable option for nondemented participants in longitudinal studies; however, additional resources will be required to ensure representative participation of Latinos.
Gene transcripts expressed in equine white blood cells are potential biomarkers of extracorporeal shock wave therapy
Authors: Jiang Zibin , Chen Jin‐Wen , Haughan Joanne , Stefanovski Darko , Soma Lawrence R. , Robinson Mary A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a treatment applied to musculoskeletal injuries in equine athletes to alleviate pain and accelerate healing. ESWT also causes acute tissue damage. Therefore, its ability to act as an analgesic and cause tissue damage potentially increases the risk of a catastrophic event if used shortly before a strenuous competition such as horseracing. While ESWT is prohibited by many racing jurisdictions within 10 days prior to competition, a test to detect whether a horse has received ESWT is needed. ESWT changes the protein levels of inflammatory mediators in blood, and white blood cells (WBC) typically produce these proteins. Changes in gene expression precede changes in protein production; thus, it was hypothesized that WBC gene transcripts might serve as biomarkers of ESWT. To test this hypothesis, six thoroughbred horses received a single administration of ESWT to the distal limb, and WBC RNA was extracted from blood samples collected before (0 h) and after ESWT (2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h). Targeted and untargeted analyses evaluated the transcriptome using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray. The expression of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐1Ra1, IL‐1Ra2 and TGF‐β1, and BMPR1A in circulating WBCs was significantly up‐regulated, while IFN‐γ, ZNF483, TMEM80, CAH6, ENPP, and S8723 were significantly down‐regulated at various time points following ESWT. These data support the hypothesis that changes in WBC gene transcripts could serve as biomarkers for ESWT.
There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity
Authors: Borkowski Jakub , Banul Rafał , Jurkiewicz‐Azab Jolanta , Hołdyński Czesław , Święczkowska Justyna , Nasiadko Maciej , Załuski Dariusz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRed and roe deer are the most numerous cervids in Europe, and they occur in sympatry in most regions. Roe deer were considered to be an inferior competitor in studies in which they co‐occurred with fallow deer or muntjac. Despite the remarkable overlap of their ranges, there are few studies on the competition between the red and roe deer. Since interspecific interactions among ungulates are often related to their mutual densities, the current study focused on the effects of high red deer density on the roe deer numbers and spatial distribution in the unhunted Słowiński National Park (SNP) in northern Poland and forest districts open to hunting bordering the park. Using fecal pellet group counts, it was found that in the forest districts (where red deer densities were 2–3 times lower than in the SNP), roe deer densities were significantly higher than in the park. The red‐to‐roe deer density ratio was 10.8 and 2.7, in the SNP and the surrounding forest districts, respectively. Moreover, in the SNP, the roe deer distribution was negatively affected by the red deer habitat use, while in the hunting areas, such an effect was not recorded. The negative influence of the red deer on the roe deer population in the park was most probably due to the red deer impact on food availability. The biomass of the plant groups forming the staple food of the roe deer (Rubus spp., forbs, dwarf shrubs) was significantly higher in the fenced plots than in the unfenced ones. Lack of hunting in the protected areas may benefit only some species in ungulate assemblages which, in turn, may contradict one of their objectives—to maintain viable and ecologically functional populations.
Corrosion inhibition effect of Cycas revoluta leaves extract on corrosion of soft‐cast steel in hydrochloric acid medium
Authors: Rathod Manohar R. , Rajappa S. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inhibition action of environmentally sustainable inhibitor Cycas revoluta leaves extract (CRLE) for corrosion protection of soft‐cast steel in a solution of HCl was assessed with electrochemical and chemical methods. The eco‐friendly inhibitor forms a thin coating on soft‐cast steel and slows the corrosion in acid media. The percent inhibition performance, corrosion current density, corrosion potential, and both anodic and cathodic slopes for Tafel were calculated. The results for electrochemical and chemical research are in beneficial correlation with each other. The inhibitor's inhibitory ability was well illustrated by the CRLE adsorption on soft‐cast steel followed the Langmuir isotherm. The investigations reveal that CRLE is a mixed form of inhibitor. Studies were performed with varying inhibitor amounts and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and it shows that the corrosion inhibition effect is spontaneous and exothermic. The interaction of the plant extract was characterized by SEM, FTIR, contact angle measurements, and AFM techniques.
Conversion efficiency of bioethanol from levoglucosan was improved by the newly engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Chang Dongdong , Islam Zia Ul , Yang Zhiguang , Thompson Ian P. , Yu Zhisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBioethanol produced from waste lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable fuel in environmental and sustainable views. The thermochemical process that can readily decompose lignocellulosic biomass to carbohydrate‐rich bio‐oil is more appealing compared to biochemical process due to its low costs and less time. However, levoglucosan, the dominant carbohydrate present in the bio‐oil, is problematic to be efficiently converted to bioethanol by native and recombinant microorganisms. Here, a synthetic metabolic pathway based on the heterologous genes encoding levoglucosan kinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase, was constructed and introduced into Escherichia coli to generate new platforms for ethanol production from levoglucosan. The engineered E. coli strains overexpressing levoglucosan kinase could, for the first time, completely consume 1–2% (wt/vol) levoglucosan present in the minimal media to produce ethanol with relatively high yield; while E. coli LGE2 exhibited the maximal ethanol yield of 0.43 g/g levoglucosan, rising by ~23% compared to the only existing recombinant strain E. coli KO11 + lgk. Although levoglucosan utilization was inferior to the utilization of other substrates like fructose and complex media, our results suggest that desired high‐yield bioethanol production from levoglucosan‐based minimal media could be efficiently achieved by the newly engineered strains, which could provide a solution for complete bioethanol fermentation from the thermochemically decomposed biomass feedstock.
High Levels of Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) from Norway, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Andvik Clare , Jourdain Eve , Lyche Jan L. , Karoliussen Richard , Borgå Katrine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Little is known of the movement or presence of unregulated, emerging contaminants in top predators. The aim of the present study was to conduct the first screening of legacy and emerging contaminants in multiple tissues of killer whales (Orcinus orca) from Norway and investigate tissue partitioning and maternal transfer. Blubber was collected from 8 killer whales in 2015 to 2017, in addition to muscle from 5 of the individuals, and kidney, liver, heart, and spleen from a neonate. We screened for 4 unregulated brominated flame retardants and found pentabromotoluene (PBT) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) at low levels in the blubber of all individuals (median PBT 0.091 ng/g lipid wt, median HBB 1.4 ng/g lipid wt). Levels of PBT and HBB (wet wt) were twice as high in the blubber than the muscle for each individual, confirming preferential accumulation in lipid-rich tissues. Perfluoroalkyl substances and total mercury levels were lower in the neonate than adults, suggesting less efficient maternal transfer of these substances. Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in blubber exceeded the threshold for onset of physiological effects (9 µg/g lipid wt) in 7 of the 8 whales, including the neonate. The presence of PBT and HBB in the neonate is the first evidence of maternal transfer of these unregulated contaminants in marine mammals. Our results are relevant for the continued environmental monitoring of contaminants in the Arctic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1848–1858. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
A range of legacy and emerging contaminants were found in 8 killer whales (Orcinus orca) stranded or by-caught along the coast of Norway, including in a 10-d-old nursing neonate. PFAS = perfluoroalkyl substances; PCB = polychlorinated biphenyl; PBT = pentabromotoluene; HBB = hexabromobenzene.
Methylmercury Measurements in Dried Blood Spots from Electronic Waste Workers Sampled from Agbogbloshie, Ghana
Authors: Santa Rios Andrea , Fobil Julius , Basu Niladri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biomonitoring methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is problematic in resource-limited settings and with difficult-to-access populations where traditional biomarker approaches present logistical, economic, and ethical issues. The present study aimed to validate the use of dried blood spots (DBS) to assess MeHg exposure in a real-world contaminated field setting. Whole-blood and DBS samples were collected from electronic waste workers (n = 20) from Agbogbloshie (Ghana) in 2017, and DBS were also artificially created in the laboratory using the field-collected blood. Whole-blood MeHg concentrations averaged 0.84 µg/L, which was not different from levels measured in the corresponding DBS samples (field-collected or artificially created). Whole-blood MeHg comprised 61% of the blood total Hg concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed no differences in MeHg concentrations between whole-blood samples and field-collected DBS (slope 0.89, R2 = 0.94) and between field and laboratory DBS (slope 0.89, R2 = 0.96). The MeHg content in DBS punch blanks averaged 0.86 pg and thus was not of concern. These findings indicate that DBS are a suitable tool for assessing MeHg exposure in real-world environmental settings that may be heavily contaminated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2183–2188. © 2021 SETAC
Functional impairment‐based segmentation of anterior cingulate cortex in depression and its relationship with treatment effects
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Shao Junneng , Wang Xinyi , Chen Zhilu , Liu Haiyan , Pei Cong , Zhang Shuqiang , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn major depressive disorder (MDD), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is widely related to depression impairment and antidepressant treatment response. The multiplicity of ACC subdivisions calls for a fine‐grained investigation of their functional impairment and recovery profiles. We recorded resting state fMRI signals from 59 MDD patients twice before and after 12‐week antidepressant treatment, as well as 59 healthy controls (HCs). With functional connectivity (FC) between each ACC voxel and four regions of interests (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC] and amygdalae), subdivisions with variable impairment were identified based on groups' dissimilarity values between MDD patients before treatment and HC. The ACC was subdivided into three impairment subdivisions named as MedialACC, DistalACC, and LateralACC according to their dominant locations. Furthermore, the impairment pattern and the recovery pattern were measured based on group statistical analyses. DistalACC impaired more on its FC with left DLPFC, whereas LateralACC showed more serious impairment on its FC with bilateral amygdalae. After treatment, FCs between DistalACC and left DLPFC, and between LateralACC and right amygdala were normalized while impaired FC between LateralACC and left amygdala kept dysfunctional. Subsequently, FC between DistalACC and left DLPFC might contribute to clinical outcome prediction. Our approach could provide an insight into how the ACC was impaired in depression and partly restored after antidepressant treatment, from the perspective of the interaction between ACC subregions and critical frontal and subcortical regions.
Maternal Early‐Pregnancy Glucose Concentrations and Liver Fat Among School‐Age Children
Authors: Geurtsen Madelon L. , Wahab Rama J. , Felix Janine F. , Gaillard Romy , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Gestational diabetes seems to be associated with offspring NAFLD. We hypothesized that maternal glucose concentrations across the full range may have persistent effects on offspring liver fat accumulation.

Approach and Results
In a multiethnic, population‐based, prospective cohort study among 2,168 women and their offspring, maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentrations were measured at a median of 13.1 weeks’ gestation (95% CI, 9.6‐17.2). Liver fat fraction was measured at 10 years by MRI. NAFLD was defined as liver fat fraction ≥5.0%. We performed analyses among all mothers with different ethnic backgrounds and those of European ancestry only. The multiethnic group had a median maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentration of 4.3 mmol/L (interquartile range, 3.9‐4.9) and a 2.8% (n = 60) prevalence of NAFLD. The models adjusted for child age and sex only showed that in the multiethnic group, higher maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentrations were associated with higher liver fat accumulation and higher odds of NAFLD, but these associations attenuated into nonsignificance after adjustment for potential confounders. Among mothers of European ancestry only, maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentrations were associated with increased odds of NAFLD (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.32; 2.88, after adjustment for confounders) per 1‐mmol/L increase in maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentration. These associations were not explained by maternal prepregnancy and childhood body mass index, visceral fat, and metabolic markers.

Conclusions
In this study, maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentrations were only among mothers of European ancestry associated with offspring NAFLD. The associations of higher maternal early‐pregnancy glucose concentrations with offspring NAFLD may differ between ethnic groups.
Micropolar nanoliquid flow via mixed convective over an orthogonal cylinder
Authors: EL‐Zahar Essam R. , Mansour Mohamed. A. , Rashad A. M. , EL‐Mky Hamed A. , EL‐Hakiem Amal. M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe intent of the current investigation is to explore the axisymmetric flow of the micropolar nanoliquid past an orthogonal cylinder in the existence of mixed convection impact. Suitable similitude changes produce joined nonlinear differential schemes, which were explicated via fourth‐order finite difference style. The authenticity of the results was emphasized by contrasting them with previous results with some limited presumptions and uncovered to be in excellent agreement. Performance of numerous physical parameters on velocity components and temperature distributions alongside the physical quantities of interests were revealed graphically and in tabular forms. It was shown that the skin friction and heat transport rate boost with rising in the volume fraction nanoparticle and the buoyancy, while they decline with the increase of micropolar parameter. This investigation intends to improve on an intuitive understanding of similar patterns by confirming the physical debates and may be applicable in the field of biomechanics, polymer processing, production of aerosol deposition, and thermal treatment.