bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale emergence of regional changes in year-to-year temperature variability by the end of the 21st century
Authors: Olonscheck Dirk , Schurer Andrew P. , Lücke Lucie , Hegerl Gabriele C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to not only impact mean temperatures but also temperature variability, substantially altering climate extremes. Here we show that human-caused changes in internal year-to-year temperature variability are expected to emerge from the unforced range by the end of the 21st century across climate model initial-condition large ensembles forced with a strong global warming scenario. Different simulated changes in globally averaged regional temperature variability between models can be explained by a trade-off between strong increases in variability on tropical land and substantial decreases in high latitudes, both shown by most models. This latitudinal pattern of temperature variability change is consistent with loss of sea ice in high latitudes and changes in vegetation cover in the tropics. Instrumental records are broadly in line with this emerging pattern, but have data gaps in key regions. Paleoclimate proxy reconstructions support the simulated magnitude and distribution of temperature variability. Our findings strengthen the need for urgent mitigation to avoid unprecedented changes in temperature variability.
Evolution of the conductive filament system in HfO2-based memristors observed by direct atomic-scale imaging
Authors: Zhang Ying , Mao Ge-Qi , Zhao Xiaolong , Li Yu , Zhang Meiyun , Wu Zuheng , Wu Wei , Sun Huajun , Guo Yizhong , Wang Lihua , Zhang Xumeng , Liu Qi , Lv Hangbing , Xue Kan-Hao , Xu Guangwei , Miao Xiangshui , Long Shibing , Liu Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe resistive switching effect in memristors typically stems from the formation and rupture of localized conductive filament paths, and HfO2 has been accepted as one of the most promising resistive switching materials. However, the dynamic changes in the resistive switching process, including the composition and structure of conductive filaments, and especially the evolution of conductive filament surroundings, remain controversial in HfO2-based memristors. Here, the conductive filament system in the amorphous HfO2-based memristors with various top electrodes is revealed to be with a quasi-core-shell structure consisting of metallic hexagonal-Hf6O and its crystalline surroundings (monoclinic or tetragonal HfOx). The phase of the HfOx shell varies with the oxygen reservation capability of the top electrode. According to extensive high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations and ab initio calculations, the phase transition of the conductive filament shell between monoclinic and tetragonal HfO2 is proposed to depend on the comprehensive effects of Joule heat from the conductive filament current and the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The quasi-core-shell conductive filament system with an intrinsic barrier, which prohibits conductive filament oxidation, ensures the extreme scalability of resistive switching memristors. This study renovates the understanding of the conductive filament evolution in HfO2-based memristors and provides potential inspirations to improve oxide memristors for nonvolatile storage-class memory applications.
A mechanical metamaterial with reprogrammable logical functions
Authors: Mei Tie , Meng Zhiqiang , Zhao Kejie , Chen Chang Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmbedding mechanical logic into soft robotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and robotic materials can greatly improve their functional capacity. However, such logical functions are usually pre-programmed and can hardly be altered during in-life service, limiting their applications under varying working conditions. Here, we propose a reprogrammable mechanological metamaterial (ReMM). Logical computing is achieved by imposing sequential excitations. The system can be initialized and reprogrammed via selectively imposing and releasing the excitations. Realization of universal combinatorial logic and sequential logic (memory) is demonstrated experimentally and numerically. The fabrication scalability of the system is also discussed. We expect the ReMM can serve as a platform for constructing reusable and multifunctional mechanical systems with strong computation and information processing capability.
Bacterial vaginosis and health-associated bacteria modulate the immunometabolic landscape in 3D model of human cervix
Authors: Łaniewski Paweł , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacterial vaginosis (BV) is an enigmatic polymicrobial condition characterized by a depletion of health-associatedLactobacillusand an overgrowth of anaerobes. Importantly, BV is linked to adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes: an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, preterm birth, and cancer. We hypothesized that members of the cervicovaginal microbiota distinctly contribute to immunometabolic changes in the human cervix, leading to these sequelae. Our 3D epithelial cell model that recapitulates the human cervical epithelium was infected with clinical isolates of cervicovaginal bacteria, alone or as a polymicrobial community. We usedLactobacillus crispatusas a representative health-associated commensal and four common BV-associated species:Gardnerella vaginalis,Prevotella bivia,Atopobium vaginae, andSneathia amnii. The immunometabolic profiles of these microenvironments were analyzed using multiplex immunoassays and untargeted global metabolomics.A. vaginaeandS. amniiexhibited the highest proinflammatory potential through induction of cytokines, iNOS, and oxidative stress-associated compounds.G. vaginalis,P. bivia, andS. amniidistinctly altered physicochemical barrier-related proteins and metabolites (mucins, sialic acid, polyamines), whereasL. crispatusproduced an antimicrobial compound, phenyllactic acid. Alterations to the immunometabolic landscape correlate with symptoms and hallmarks of BV and connected BV with adverse women’s health outcomes. Overall, this study demonstrated that 3D cervical epithelial cell colonized with cervicovaginal microbiota faithfully reproduce the immunometabolic microenvironment previously observed in clinical studies and can successfully be used as a robust tool to evaluate host responses to commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the female reproductive tract.
α-Synuclein aggregation in the olfactory bulb induces olfactory deficits by perturbing granule cells and granular–mitral synaptic transmission
Authors: Chen Fengjiao , Liu Wei , Liu Penglai , Wang Zhen , Zhou You , Liu Xingyu , Li Anan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is an early pre-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the neural mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain largely unknown. Aggregation of α-synuclein is observed in the olfactory bulb (OB) during the early stages of PD, indicating a relationship between α-synuclein pathology and hyposmia. Here we investigate whether and how α-synuclein aggregates modulate neural activity in the OB at the single-cell and synaptic levels. We induced α-synuclein aggregation specifically in the OB via overexpression of double-mutant human α-synuclein by an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. We found that α-synuclein aggregation in the OB decreased the ability of mice to detect odors and to perceive attractive odors. The spontaneous activity and odor-evoked firing rates of single mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts) were increased by α-synuclein aggregates with the amplitude of odor-evoked high-gamma oscillations increased. Furthermore, the decreased activity in granule cells (GCs) and impaired inhibitory synaptic function were responsible for the observed hyperactivity of M/Ts induced by α-synuclein aggregates. These results provide direct evidences of the role of α-synuclein aggregates on PD-related olfactory dysfunction and reveal the neural circuit mechanisms by which olfaction is modulated by α-synuclein pathology.
Protein microparticles visualize the contact network and rigidity onset in the gelation of model proteins
Authors: Rouwhorst Joep , van Baalen Carlijn , Velikov Krassimir , Habibi Mehdi , van der Linden Erik , Schall Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtein aggregation into gel networks is of immense importance in diverse areas from food science to medical research; however, it remains a grand challenge as the underlying molecular interactions are complex, difficult to access experimentally, and to model computationally. Early stages of gelation often involve protein aggregation into protein clusters that later on aggregate into a gel network. Recently synthesized protein microparticles allow direct control of these early stages of aggregation, decoupling them from the subsequent gelation stages. Here, by following the gelation of protein microparticles directly at the particle scale, we elucidate in detail the emergence of a percolating structure and the onset of rigidity as measured by microrheology. We find that the largest particle cluster, correlation length, and degree of polymerization all diverge with power laws, while the particles bind irreversibly indicating a nonequilibrium percolation process, in agreement with recent results on weakly attractive colloids. Concomitantly, the elastic modulus increases in a power-law fashion as determined by microrheology. These results give a consistent microscopic picture of the emergence of rigidity in a nonequilibrium percolation process that likely underlies the gelation in many more systems such as proteins, and other strongly interacting structures originating from (bio)molecules.
SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine induces robust innate immune activity driving polyfunctional spike-specific T cell responses
Authors: Carmen Joshua M. , Shrivastava Shikha , Lu Zhongyan , Anderson Alexander , Morrison Elaine B. , Sankhala Rajeshwer S. , Chen Wei-Hung , Chang William C. , Bolton Jessica S. , Matyas Gary R. , Michael Nelson L. , Joyce M. Gordon , Modjarrad Kayvon , Currier Jeffrey R. , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Malloy Allison M. W. , Rao Mangala 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe emergence of variants of concern, some with reduced susceptibility to COVID-19 vaccines underscores consideration for the understanding of vaccine design that optimizes induction of effective cellular and humoral immune responses. We assessed a SARS-CoV-2 spike-ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) immunogen paired with two distinct adjuvants, Alhydrogel® or Army Liposome Formulation containing QS-21 (ALFQ) for unique vaccine evoked immune signatures. Recruitment of highly activated multifaceted antigen-presenting cells to the lymph nodes of SpFN+ALFQ vaccinated mice was associated with an increased frequency of polyfunctional spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells and Kb spike-(539–546)-specific long-lived memory CD8+ T cells with effective cytolytic function and distribution to the lungs. The presence of this epitope in SARS-CoV, suggests that generation of cross-reactive T cells may be induced against other coronavirus strains. Our study reveals that a nanoparticle vaccine, combined with a potent adjuvant that effectively engages innate immune cells, enhances SARS-CoV-2-specific durable adaptive immune T cell responses.
Characterizing the energy use of disabled people in the European Union towards inclusion in the energy transition
Authors: Ivanova Diana , Middlemiss Lucie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning environmental policy to take account of social difference is increasingly recognized as essential to address both effectiveness and justice concerns. So far there is limited research on the experiences of disabled people in the environmental literature, amounting to a failure to recognize this substantial constituency. Here we compare disabled households’ embodied energy use, income, risk of poverty and energy poverty, and other socio-demographics with other households in the European Union. We find that households including an economically inactive disabled person earn less and consume 10% less energy than other households, and are more likely to experience energy poverty. Disabled households have lower consumption than other households in most categories, with the exception of basic consumption such as food, energy at home (gas and electricity), water and waste services: in effect they have less—and sometimes inadequate—access to resources. We conclude that more attention should be paid to disabled households needs to ensure a just energy transition.
Linking solar minimum, space weather, and night sky brightness
Authors: Grauer Albert D. , Grauer Patricia A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents time-series observations and analysis of broadband night sky airglow intensity 4 September 2018 through 30 April 2020. Data were obtained at 5 sites spanning more than 8500 km during the historically deep minimum of Solar Cycle 24 into the beginning of Solar Cycle 25. New time-series observations indicate previously unrecognized significant sources of broadband night sky brightness variations, not involving corresponding changes in the Sun's 10.7 cm solar flux, occur during deep solar minimum. New data show; (1) Even during a deep solar minimum the natural night sky is rarely, if ever, constant in brightness. Changes with time-scales of minutes, hours, days, and months are observed. (2) Semi-annual night sky brightness variations are coincident with changes in the orientation of Earth's magnetic field relative to the interplanetary magnetic field. (3) Solar wind plasma streams from solar coronal holes arriving at Earth’s bow shock nose are coincident with major night sky brightness increase events. (4) Sites more than 8500 km along the Earth's surface experience nights in common with either very bright or very faint night sky airglow emissions. The reason for this observational fact remains an open question. (5) It is plausible, terrestrial night airglow and geomagnetic indices have similar responses to the solar energy input into Earth's magnetosphere. Our empirical results contribute to a quantitative basis for understanding and predicting broadband night sky brightness variations. They are applicable in astronomical, planetary science, space weather, light pollution, biological, and recreational studies.
Using a convolutional neural network for classification of squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer based on diagnostic histopathology HES images
Authors: Le Page Anne Laure , Ballot Elise , Truntzer Caroline , Derangère Valentin , Ilie Alis , Rageot David , Bibeau Frederic , Ghiringhelli Francois 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistological stratification in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential to properly guide therapy. Morphological evaluation remains the basis for subtyping and is completed by additional immunohistochemistry labelling to confirm the diagnosis, which delays molecular analysis and utilises precious sample. Therefore, we tested the capacity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify NSCLC based on pathologic HES diagnostic biopsies. The model was estimated with a learning cohort of 132 NSCLC patients and validated on an external validation cohort of 65 NSCLC patients. Based on image patches, a CNN using InceptionV3 architecture was trained and optimized to classify NSCLC between squamous and non-squamous subtypes. Accuracies of 0.99, 0.87, 0.85, 0.85 was reached in the training, validation and test sets and in the external validation cohort. At the patient level, the CNN model showed a capacity to predict the tumour histology with accuracy of 0.73 and 0.78 in the learning and external validation cohorts respectively. Selecting tumour area using virtual tissue micro-array improved prediction, with accuracy of 0.82 in the external validation cohort. This study underlines the capacity of CNN to predict NSCLC subtype with good accuracy and to be applied to small pathologic samples without annotation.
Development and evaluation of bidirectional LSTM freeway traffic forecasting models using simulation data
Authors: Abduljabbar Rusul L. , Dia Hussein , Tsai Pei-Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong short-term memory (LSTM) models provide high predictive performance through their ability to recognize longer sequences of time series data. More recently, bidirectional deep learning models (BiLSTM) have extended the LSTM capabilities by training the input data twice in forward and backward directions. In this paper, BiLSTM short term traffic forecasting models have been developed and evaluated using data from a calibrated micro-simulation model for a congested freeway in Melbourne, Australia. The simulation model was extensively calibrated and validated to a high degree of accuracy using field data collected from 55 detectors on the freeway. The base year simulation model was then used to generate loop detector data including speed, flow and occupancy which were used to develop and compare a number of LSTM models for short-term traffic prediction up to 60 min into the future. The modelling results showed that BiLSTM outperformed other predictive models for multiple prediction horizons for base year conditions. The simulation model was then adapted for future year scenarios where the traffic demand was increased by 25–100 percent to reflect potential future increases in traffic demands. The results showed superior performance of BiLSTM for multiple prediction horizons for all traffic variables.
Stress corrosion cracking behavior of 20MnTiB high-strength bolts in simulation of humid climate in Chongqing
Authors: Chen Lin , Wen Juan , Zhang Luyu , Li Zheng , Li Guangwen , Ming Chengwu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract20MnTiB steel is the most widely used high-strength bolt material for steel structure bridges in China, and its performance is of great significance to the safe operation of bridges. Based on the investigation of the atmospheric environment in Chongqing in recent years, the corrosion solution to simulate the humid climate of Chongqing was designed in this study, and the stress corrosion experiment of high-strength bolts in the simulated humid climate of Chongqing was carried out. The effects of temperature, pH and concentration of simulated corrosion solution on the stress corrosion behavior of 20MnTiB high-strength bolts were studied.
Construction of a core collection of native Perilla germplasm collected from South Korea based on SSR markers and morphological characteristics
Authors: Sa Kyu Jin , Kim Dong Min , Oh Jun Seok , Park Hyeon , Hyun Do Yoon , Lee Sookyeong , Rhee Ju Hee , Lee Ju Kyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe leaves and seed oil of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) have attracted interest as health foods in East Asia. This crop has been traditionally cultivated and used for a long time as a folk plant, especially in Korea. In our study, the 22 SSR markers and eight morphological traits were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure, to select a core collection of 400 Perilla accessions conserved in the RDA-Genebank of South Korea. A total of 173 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15 (average = 7.9). Gene diversity and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.138 to 0.868 (average = 0.567) and 0.134 to 0.853 (average = 0.522), respectively. The 400 accessions were not clearly distinguished geographically by STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses. A core collection (44 accessions) was selected from the entire collection by using PowerCore. The core collection accounted for 11.0% of the entire Perilla collection, including 100% of the number of alleles maintained in the whole collection and with similar or greater Shannon–Weaver and Nei diversity indices than the whole collection. The core collection selected by SSR markers was evenly distributed in three clusters on a scatter plot by eight morphological traits. The first core collection of Perilla accessions was constructed, and it maintained allelic richness. Further modification of the core collection is expected with the continuous addition of new accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types.
The spin-dependent properties of silicon carbide/graphene nanoribbons junctions with vacancy defects
Authors: Khanlar Golnaz , Vishkayi Sahar Izadi , Soleimani Hamid Rahimpour 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have designed high-efficient spin-filtering junctions composed of graphene and silicon carbide nanoribbons. We have calculated the spin and charge transport in the junction by non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with the density functional theory to find its spin-dependent electrical conductance, thermal conductance and Seebeck coefficient. In addition, the effect of Si and C atoms vacancies on the transport properties of the junction has been carefully investigated. The enhanced spin-filtering is clearly observed due to the edge and vacancy effects. On the other hand, vacancy defects increase the electrical and spin conductances of the junctions. The results show that the considered junctions are half-metal with reduced thermal conductance which makes them a suitable spin-dependent thermoelectric device. Our results predict the promising potential of the considered junctions for application in spintronic devices.
Corrosion behavior of HRB400 and HRB400M steel bars in concrete under DC interference
Authors: Ding Qingmiao , Gao Yuning , Liu Ruiyang , Li Yaozhi , Jin Lei , Ma Han 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe influence of direct current interference on the corrosion behavior of HRB400 and HRB400M steel bars in simulated concrete solution was studied using methods such as weight loss experiment, electrochemical experiment, surface technology and product analysis. The research results showed that with the increase of DC interference voltage, the corrosion rates of HRB400 and HRB400M steel bars would increase. The corrosion resistance of HRB400M steel bars was better than HRB400 steel bars under the experimental conditions. In addition, direct current interference could cause damage to the corrosion product layer on the surface of HRB400 steel bars and HRB400M steel bars. And the corrosion form and corrosion product types of HRB400 and HRB400M steel bars would be affected by direct current interference. The main corrosion products of HRB400 steel bars included γ-FeOOH and Fe2O3 when it was not interfered by DC. When DC interference was applied, the main corrosion products included Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. The corrosion products on the surface of HRB400M steel bars were mainly Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, and the types of products increased to form Cr2O3 and MnFe2O4.
PiPo: random copolymers of C- with N-substituted glycines
Authors: Wang Siqi , Chen Wanli , Ling Jun 
Published: December 2021

This letter introduces a method to obtain PiPo by the copolymerization of N-phenyloxycarbonyl-amino acids initiated by primary amine. The obtained PiPo have adjustable solubility in water and organic solvents to assemble into nanoparticles.
O-BODIPYs as fluorescent labels for sugars: glucose, xylose and ribose
Authors: Kanyan Deepika , Horacek-Glading Miriana , Wildervanck Martijn J. , Söhnel Tilo , Ware David C. , Brothers Penelope J. 
Published: December 2021

Fluorescent 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 sugar-O-BODIPY conjugates of glucose, xylose and ribose were characterised by 1H–11B HMBC and 11B NMR to discriminate between boron bound to 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diol sites and furanose/pyranose sugar forms.