bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two decades of active fire data in Huascaran Biosphere Reserve (Peru): patterns and future challenges to prevent wildfires.
Authors: Sevillano-Rios Cristian Steven , Huamán Daniel , Mendoza Javier , Torres Grecia , Minaya Benjamin , Lezama Yaneli , Martinez William 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The Andes are recognized as center of biocultural and biological diversity that provide multiple ecosystem services threatened by different anthropogenic forces. Here, fires are widely used in agriculture and other traditional activities with the potential to become larger-scale, unmanageable “wildfires” and contribute to the degradation of both ecosystems and human livelihoods. In this study, we assess the temporal and spatial pattern of MODIS and VIIRS Active Fire Data (AFD) and their relationships to 9 environmental conditions and human activities across the three zones of the Huascaran Biosphere Reserve (HBR), Ancash, Peru between 2001 and 2020.
Results

Xeric climatic conditions seem to drive the temporal AFD pattern across and within years in the HBR. Across years, an oscillating increment of active fire alerts was evident, with years 2016 and especially 2020 displaying the highest AFD records of the two decades. Both correspond to years with the lowest mean annual precipitation. Seasonally, AFD also peaked at the end of the dry season (August and September), but AFD continue until late November of 2016 and 2020. The amount of people on the other hand, measured in terms of population and number of rural villages, is the main driver of where AFA occur, increasing along the limits of the Huascaran National Park (HNP) and the Buffer Zone (BZ) and in weakly controlled areas within the park.
Conclusions

We conclude that a combination of both, xeric conditions, and human pressures, seems to interact and produce high numbers of AFD along key Andean ecosystems like Puna grasslands and shrublands that are not ecologically adapted to this type of pressures. Land transformation and a limited capacity of control over key areas within the HNP seem to play an important role in where and when wildfires occur. Finally, although 2020 was an arid year, the covid-19 pandemic would have exacerbated the number of AFDs that occurred in the area, demonstrating that the effects of the pandemic go beyond health problems.
Risk Probability and Influencing Factors of Stroke in Followed-up Hypertension Patients
Authors: Li An-le , Qi Ying , Zhu Shuai , Hu Zhi-hao , Xu Xue-jin , Wang Ya-wei , Qian Xin-zhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective

To explore the risk probability and influencing factors of stroke in followed-up hypertension (HP) patients through the analysis of long-term followed-up cohort data.
Methods

The method of followed-up observation cohort was used to collect the information of 168417 hypertension patients from 2002 to 2020 in Jiading district in Shanghai. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the risk probability of stroke complications in long-term followed-up HP patients, and the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox proportional risk model.
Results

Among 168417 hypertension patients, 11143 cases had stroke, and the cumulative incidence rate was 6.62%, the male was 6.87% and the female was 6.37%. With the extension of the observation of patients, the cumulative risk probability of stroke in HP patients would continue to increasing, and the interval was not equidistant. The total cumulative risk probability of stroke in HP patients was 78.9%, and male was 91.0%, female was 70.7%. During the whole observation, the risk probability of stroke was not fixed, but fluctuates. There were 4 peak onset periods, which were 8 years (peak period 4.2%), 15 years (peak period 14.0%), 22 years (peak period 6.0%) and 26 years (peak period 13.9%). The highest risk probability of male patients was in 26 years (peak period 23.1%), and the second peak was in 15 years (peak period 15.6%). The highest risk probability of female patients was in 15 years (peak period 12.9%), and the second peak was in 26 years (peak period 8.7%). The risk probability of different sex, BP grad and BMI was different, male was higher than female, grade 3 HP higher than grade 1 and grad 2 HP, thin higher than normal weight. The major influencing factors of stroke complications were age (RR = 2.917, p < 0.001), body mass index (RR = 1.450, p < 0.001), family history of stroke (RR = 1.386, p < 0.001), blood pressure grad (RR = 1.148, p < 0.001), registry age (RR = 1.071, P < 0.001 and family history of hypertension (RR = 1.051, P < 0.001).
Conclusion

The risk probability of stroke among hypertension patients would continue to disproportionately increase during observation, and the total cumulative risk probability could finally reach 78.9%. Male was higher than female. Age, BMI, family history (stroke and HP), blood pressure grad and duration of HP were related to the occurrence of stroke complications.
Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Improves Cognitive Impairment via Regulating Aβ Transportation in AD Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: zhang shijie , Ma Hui-Han , Wan Can , Zhang Lu-Ding , Zhang Rong-Rong , Peng Dong , Qiao Li-Jun , Cai Ye-Feng , Huang Hong-Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common neurodegenerative disease. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate (STS) has been reported to ameliorate AD pathology. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, APP/PS1 mouse model was used to explore the potential mechanism of STS against AD. Morris water maze and Y-maze tests showed that administration of STS (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) improved learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 mice. STS reduced the levels of ROS and MDA, while improved the activity of SOD in both hippocampus and cortex in APP/PS1 mice. STS inhibited the activity of AChE, while improved the activity of ChAT in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, STS elevated the protein expressions of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF) and synapse-related proteins (PSD93, PSD95 and SYP) in both the hippocampus and cortex in APP/PS1 mice. At last, STS improved the protein expressions of GLUT1 and LRP1. These results indicated that the potential mechanism of STS on AD might be related to Aβ transportation function via GLUT1/LRP1 pathway.
The Impact of Breastfeeding on Neurocognitive Outcome at Twelve Years – Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Reilly Kelly , McConnell Barbara , Thompson Andrew , Hepper Peter , Stewart Moira , Shields Michael D , Mone Fionnuala 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe objectives of this secondary analysis were to compare the; (i) cognitive and (ii) behavioural outcomes in children born congenitally normal, non-preterm, and non-growth restricted that were breastfed beyond one month of age with those that were not breastfed or breastfed for <1-month. MethodsAn original prospective cohort study conducted on n=2097 fetuses compared children with normal fetal UAD PI (Umbilical Artery Doppler Pulsatility Index) against those with an elevated UAD PI and assessed neurocognitive development at twelve years of age using British Ability Scale Version II (BAS II) and the Achenbach Behavioural Checklist Parent Rated Version (CBCL). This secondary analysis included children where maternal breastfeeding status was known (n=252). Childhood cognitive and behavioural scores were analysed and compared for the breastfed versus the non-breastfed group. Linear regression analysis was performed, controlling for confounders including gender, age at assessment, Townsend Score, and UAD PI. Results Excluding congenitally abnormal, preterm and growth restricted babies, n=206 were included. The mean age at follow-up was 12.2 years (±0.6 SD) for both groups with 43.5% (n=20) and 50.3% (n=81) of male gender in both groups respectively. When comparing those children who were breastfed against those who were not or for <1-month, the breastfed group score higher in spelling (p<0.001) and reading (p<0.001) assessments. As was also the case in verbal (p<0.001), reasoning (p<0.001) and spatial ability scores (p<0.001). In relation to behavioural assessments, there was no difference between groups. Conclusion Term babies who are breastfed for >1-month have more optimal scores in neurocognition when analysed at 12-years with no differences in parent observed behaviour compared to non-breastfed/breastfed for <1-month counterparts. These findings must be interpreted with caution due to the presence of confounders with further research into the biological and physiological mechanisms by which breastfeeding may optimise brain development.
The GmXTH1 Gene Improves Drought Stress Resistance of Soybean Seedlings
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Han-zhu , Fu Jia-yu , Du Ye-yao , Qu Jing , Song Yang , Wang Pi-wu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To study the role of GmXTH1 gene in alleviating drought stress. T4 transgenic soybean seeds with GmXTH1 gene were treated with PEG6000 at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively. Germination potential, germination rate and germination index were measured. The results showed that the germination potential, germination rate and germination index of OEA1 and OEA2 strains overexpressed in T4 generation were significantly higher than that of control material M18. After 0d, 7d and 15d drought stress, the analysis of seedling phenotypes and root-shoot of different T4 generation transgenic soybean lines showed that under stress conditions, the growth of GmXTH1 overexpression material was generally better than that of control material M18, and the growth of GmXTH1 interference expression material was generally worse than that of control material M18, with significant differences in plant phenotypes.The root system of GmXTH1 overexpressed material was significantly developed compared with that of control material M18. The analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes showed that the relative water content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) of GmXTH1 transgenic soybean material were significantly higher than that of control material M18, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde was lower under the same stress conditions at seedling stage. Fluorescence quantitative PCR assay showed that the relative expression of GmXTH1 gene in transgenic soybean was significantly increased after drought stress.The results showed that the overexpression of GmXTH1 could increase the total root length, surface area, total projection area, root volume, average diameter, total cross number and total root tip number, thereby increasing the water intake and reducing the transpiration of water content in leaves, thus reducing the accumulation of MDA and producing more protective enzymes in a more effective and prompt way.Reducing cell membrane damage to improve drought resistance of soybean.
Experimental study on creep characteristics of infiltrated coal-rock under load
Authors: Zhang Huimei , wang fuyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For the water-rich zone in the coal tunnel rock body perennial suffer from water infiltration destabilization destruction problem.In this paper, the influence of stress level and infiltration time on the creep properties of coal-rock was systematically studied after the water infiltration test, scanning electron microscope(SEM), water content test, uniaxial compressive strength test and creep mechanical properties test.The whole process of coal-rock creep is described by Hooke's body, Kelvin body and damage elastic-plastic body, and the total damage variable was introduced to show the weakening effect of the coupling effect of stress and water infiltration on the creep properties of coal-rock.A creep constitutive model of coal rock damage considering the weakening effect of water infiltration was established, besides, the influence law of stress level and infiltration time on creep parameters of coal rock was analyzed.The study shows that coal rocks underwent a process from surface drying and shrinkage to water absorption and swelling to water-filled infiltration damage in the infiltration test.With the increase of infiltration time, the water content of coal-rock tended to increase and eventually stabilizes, while the uniaxial compressive strength gradually decreased.With the increase of stress level and infiltration time, the stable creep strain of coal-rock kept increasing which accelerated creep advance, and its internal damage continued to accumulate and eventually led to destabilization damage.At the same stress level, the creep parameter E0 showed a tendency to increase and then decreased with the increase of infiltration time, while E1, η1, tF, E2 and ν continued to decrease.Combined with the microstructural changes of coal rocks in the water infiltration process, the change law of mechanical properties of infiltrated coal-rock and the intrinsic softening mechanism were revealed.Comparing the theoretical model of infiltrated coal rock creep with the experimental data, the model developed in this paper reflected the whole process of infiltrated coal-rock creep deformation and damage, and can characterize the influence of infiltration time and stress level on coal-rock creep properties, which verified the reasonableness of the model.
A Single Administration of Riluzole Applied Acutely After Spinal Cord Injury Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Activity And Improves Long-Term Functional Recovery In Rats
Authors: Wu Qichao , Zhang Wenkai , Yuan Shuo , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Wenxiu , Zhang Yan , Chen Xueming , Zang Lei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), emergency treatment intervention can minimize tissue damage, which is closely related to the recovery of long-term function. Here, we examined whether the administration of a single dose of riluzole (6 mg/kg) immediately after SCI was a critical window for the drug to exert its regulatory effect and limit long-term neurological deficits. The animals were sacrificed 1 day after administration for investigation of neuronal survival and a potential neuroinflammatory response, and sacrificed in the 6th week for assessment of neurological function. Riluzole applied in a single dose immediately post-SCI decreased the mRNA level of interleukin-1β at 6 h, reduced the destruction of neurons, and reduced the activation of microglia/macrophage M1 expression at day 1 post-SCI. Additionally, riluzole-treated rats showed higher expressions of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 in microglia/macrophages of the spinal cord than vehicle-treated rats, suggesting that this signaling pathway might be involved in microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammation. At 6 weeks, riluzole-treated rats exhibited higher motor function scores than vehicle-treated controls. In addition, riluzole-treated rats exhibited higher expression of GAP43 protein and shorter N1 peak latency and larger N1-P1 amplitude in motor-evoked potentials, compared to vehicle-treated rats. Together, these data suggested that early application of riluzole after SCI could be crucial for long-term functional recovery, so it may represent a promising therapeutic candidate within the critical therapeutic window for acute SCI.
Sleep Disturbance in Cancer Patients Referred to an Ambulatory Integrative Oncology Consultation
Authors: Narayanan Santhosshi , Reddy Akhila , Lopez Gabriel , Liu Wenli , Ali Sara , Bruera Eduardo , Cohen Lorenzo , Yennurajalingam Sriram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbance (SD) is highly prevalent in oncology and negatively affects quality of life and mortality. Evidence supports the use of integrative oncology (IO) practices to treat SD, but there is limited published data on the characteristics of SD and factors associated with SD in IO. We determined the prevalence, severity, and factors associated with SD.
Methods
Patients with cancer referred for initial outpatient IO consultation in 2017 were eligible. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes [Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, (ESAS), Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW), PROMIS-10] were retrospectively reviewed.
Results
1520 patients were included in the analysis. The majority (70%) were women with breast cancer (42%). 971 (64%) patients reported significant SD with ESAS Sleep ≥ 4, yet only 11% expressed poor sleep as their primary or secondary concern for the IO consultation. The median SD (IQR) was 5 (3,7). ESAS scores for fatigue (adjusted OR 1.16; CI 1.07–1.26, p < 0.001), pain (adjusted OR 1.07; CI 1.00-1.15, p < 0.05), hot flashes (adjusted OR 1.14; CI 1.07–1.22, p < 0.001), well-being (adjusted OR 1.33; CI 1.22–1.46, p < 0.001), and psychological distress score (anxiety and depression) (adjusted OR 1.16; CI 1.01–1.11, P < 0.01) were independently associated with SD in multivariate analysis. Acupuncture was the most frequent intervention prescribed 175 (35%). Other modalities included oncology massage (15%), health psychology (5%) and meditation (1%).
Conclusions
Although 64% of patients seeking IO consultation reported clinically significant SD, only 11% were seeking integrative approaches for managing SD. ESAS fatigue, hot flashes, well-being, and psychological symptoms were significantly associated with SD.
Oral prodrug of remdesivir parent GS-441524 is efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 and a variant of concern in ferrets
Authors: Plemper Richard , Cox Robert , Wolf Josef , Lieber Carolin , Sourimant Julien , Lin Michelle , Babusis Darius , Du Pont Venice , Chan Julie , Barrett Kim , Kalla Rao , Chun Kwon , Mackman Richard , Ye Chengjin , Cihlar Tomas , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Greninger Alexander , Bilello John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Remdesivir is the only small-molecule antiviral approved to date for COVID-19 treatment, but its wider use is limited by intravenous delivery. An orally bioavailable remdesivir analog may boost therapeutic benefit by facilitating early administration to non-hospitalized patients. This study characterized the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of GS-621763, an oral prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside GS-441524. Both GS-621763 and GS-441524 inhibited SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern (VoC) in cell culture. Oral GS-621763 was efficiently converted to plasma metabolite GS-441524, and in lungs to the triphosphate metabolite identical to that generated by remdesivir, demonstrating a consistent mechanism of activity. Twice-daily oral administration of 10 mg/kg GS-621763 reduced SARS-CoV-2 burden to near-undetectable levels. When dosed therapeutically against VoC P.1 gamma (γ), oral GS-621763 blocked virus replication and prevented transmission to untreated contact animals. These results demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of a much-needed orally bioavailable analog of remdesivir in a relevant animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Insight into the Water Rock Interaction Process and Purification Mechanism of Mine Water in Underground Reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine in China
Authors: Jiang Binbin , Gao Ju , Du Kun , Deng Xu , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The process of water rock interaction and the purification mechanism of mine water quality were not clear after being stored in underground reservoir. This study based on the analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of the reservoir water samples and the characterization of the rock samples, combined with PHREEQC analysis, the mechanism of water quality purification of mine water was discussed. The results showed that the rocks in the underground reservoir had layered silicate structure and flaky kaolinite structure, with some irregular edges and micro cracks, and higher specific surface area and total pore volume. These characteristics made the rocks had a certain adsorption and removal capacity for heavy metal ions and other pollutants in the mine water. The water rock interaction, such as the dissolution of albite and halite, the precipitation of gypsum and kaolinite, and the cation exchange, resulted in the increase of the concentration of Na+ and the decrease of the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and TDS in the outlet water. This study also showed that PHREEQC analysis can be used to analyze the water rock interaction of coal mine underground reservoir and obtained more detailed information.
Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Uses for Agricultural &amp; Drinking and Groundwater Quality of Pollution Index in the Western Part of Telangana, South India
Authors: EDUKONDAL ALLAM , Duvva Laxman Kumar , Ramu Malyala , HARIKRISHNA GANGULA , Muralidhar Merugu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is a major valuable asset, which helps to sustain human ecology, particularly in crystalline terrains. Hence, proper quality monitoring of groundwater is a crucial task in understanding its suitability for drinking water and irrigation water practices. For this, fifty groundwater samples were taken and evaluated for physical, chemical characteristics and major ions during in pre and post-monsoon seasons. The results obtained were compared with IS 10500 standard which shows more than 80% of the samples in both seasons were unfit for drinking. The obtained results were checked to know the irrigation suitability. It is found that most of the samples (80%) were fit for agricultural practices in both seasons. The major water facies were CaCl, mixed CaMgCl and NaCl water types in pre and post-monsoon seasons. The spatial distribution diagrams of the major ions were high concentration in Northern areas followed by Western and South-Western portions. As per the groundwater quality of pollution index (GQPI), most of the study region (62 percent) comes under the low contamination zone and the rest (38 percent) under the moderate to unacceptable zone in drinking water specifications. Factor analysis reveals that the study region which predominant of weathering of silicate minerals, ion exchange and anthropogenic inputs of major contamination of groundwater quality.
Comparison of YOLO v3, Faster R-CNN, and SSD for Real-Time Pill Identification
Authors: Tan Lu , Huangfu Tianran , Wu Liyao , Chen Wenying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The correct identification of pills is very important to ensure the safe administration of drugs to patients. We used three currently mainstream object detection models, respectively Faster R-CNN, Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD), and You Only Look Once v3(YOLO v3), to identify pills and compare the associated performance.Methods: In this paper, we introduce the basic principles of three object detection models. We trained each algorithm on a pill image dataset and analyzed the performance of the three models to determine the best pill recognition model. Finally, these models are then used to detect difficult samples and compare the results.Results: The mean average precision (MAP) of Faster R-CNN reached 87.69% but YOLO v3 had a significant advantage in detection speed where the frames per second (FPS) was more than eight times than that of Faster R-CNN. This means that YOLO v3 can operate in real time with a high MAP of 80.17%. The YOLO v3 algorithm also performed better in the comparison of difficult sample detection results. In contrast, SSD did not achieve the highest score in terms of MAP or FPS.Conclusion: Our study shows that YOLO v3 has advantages in detection speed while maintaining certain MAP and thus can be applied for real-time pill identification in a hospital pharmacy environment.