bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Nasal Reconstruction in Severe Congenital Nasal Deviations
Authors: Spake Carole S.L. , Beqiri Dardan , Woo Albert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nasal deviations pose a 2-fold task for plastic surgeons, as the correction must often address both functional and aesthetic challenges. Regardless of the etiology of the nasal deviation, the principles of treatment have been previously extensively described. The authors present an extreme case of congenital nasal deviation in an 18-year-old male acquired as a result of abnormal in-utero positioning during a multigestational pregnancy. Through this case, the authors demonstrate effective use of previously described surgical principles in treating a severe congenital nasal deviation and reinforce the importance of postoperative nasal manipulation to maintain the desired outcome.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Compartment-Specific Differences in Immune Responses and Contributions for Complement Factor 3 in Hemorrhagic Shock Plus Tissue Trauma
Authors: Fu Guang , Chen Tianmeng , Wu Junru , Jiang Ting , Tang Da , Bonaroti Jillian , Conroy Julia , Scott Melanie J. , Deng Meihong , Billiar Timothy R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemorrhagic shock with tissue trauma (HS/T) leads to the activation of a system-wide immune-inflammatory response that involves all organs and body compartments. Recent advances in single-cell analysis permit the simultaneous assessment of transcriptomic patterns in a large number of cells making it feasible to survey the landscape of immune cell responses across numerous anatomic sites. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing of leukocytes from the blood, liver, and spleen to identify the major shifts in gene expression by cell type and compartment in a mouse HS/T model. At 6 h, dramatic changes in gene expression were observed across multiple-cell types and in all compartments in wild-type mice. Monocytes from circulation and liver exhibited a significant upregulation of genes associated with chemotaxis and migration and a simultaneous suppression of genes associated with interferon signaling and antigen presentation. In contrast, liver conventional DC exhibited a unique pattern compared with other myeloid cells that included a pronounced increase in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) gene expression. The dominant pattern across all compartments for B and T cells was a suppression of genes associated with cell activation and signaling after HS/T. Using complement factor 3 (C3) knockout mice we unveiled a role for C3 in the suppression of monocyte Major Histocompatibility Complex class II expression and activation of gene expression associated with migration, phagocytosis and cytokine upregulation, and an unexpected role in promoting interferon-signaling in a subset of B and T cells across all three compartments after HS/T. This transcriptomic landscape study of immune cells provides new insights into the host immune response to trauma, as well as a rich resource for further investigation of trauma-induced immune responses and complement in driving interferon signaling.
Levosimendan Ameliorates Post-resuscitation Acute Intestinal Microcirculation Dysfunction Partly Independent of its Effects on Systemic Circulation: A Pilot Study on Cardiac Arrest in a Rat Model
Authors: Jia Tianyuan , Wang Shiwei , Luo Chengzhun , Wang Zida , Liu Guoxiang , Shang Zhaoming , Lu Xiaoye , Yang Qian , Zhu Changqing 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cardiac arrest (CA) is recognized as a life-threatening disease; however, the initial resuscitation success rate has increased due to advances in clinical treatment. Levosimendan has shown potential benefits in CA patients. However, its exact function on intestinal and systemic circulation in CA or post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) remained unclear. This study preliminarily investigated the link between dynamic changes in intestine and systemic hemodynamics post-resuscitation after levosimendan administration.

Methods:
Twenty-five rats were randomized into three groups: sham control group (n = 5), levosimendan group (n = 10), and vehicle group (n = 10). Intestinal microcirculation was observed using a sidestream dark-field imaging device at baseline and each hour of the return of spontaneous circulation (≤6 h). Systemic hemodynamics, serum indicators of cardiac injury, and tissue perfusion/metabolism were measured by echo-cardiography, a biological signal acquisition system, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

Results:
Myocardial injury and global and intestinal perfusion/metabolism were significantly improved by levosimendan treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean arterial pressure values between the vehicle and levosimendan groups (P > 0.05). The intestinal and systemic circulation measurements showed poor correlation (Pearson r-value of variable combinations in the levosimendan group was much less than 0.75; P < 0.01, levosimendan vs. vehicle group).

Conclusions:
Levosimendan significantly reduced the cardiac injury and corrected the metabolic status in an experimental rat model of ventricular fibrillation induced CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Levosimendan may ameliorate PCAS-induced intestinal microcirculation dysfunction, partly independent of its effects on macrocirculation.
Sinus, disabling tension-type, and temporomandibular joint headaches
Authors: Kaniecki Robert 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Clinicians frequently face questions from headache patients regarding the roles played by sinus issues, muscle tension, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems. This review highlights new concepts regarding the diagnosis and management of these headache conditions and their differentiation from migraine.

Recent findings
Recent research has clarified the roles played by pathology in the paranasal sinuses and TMJ in patients reporting headache. Additional information from physiologic studies in patients with tension-type headache (TTH) has improved the understanding of this condition.

Summary
Improved understanding of sinus headache, disabling TTH, and TMJ headache and their differentiation from migraine will lead to reductions in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and unwarranted medical and surgical procedures. More expedient recognition of the origin of headache should lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
Vector-borne protozoal infections of the CNS: cerebral malaria, sleeping sickness and Chagas disease
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Njamnshi Alfred K. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Malaria, Chagas Disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis are vector-borne protozoan illnesses, frequently associated with neurological manifestations. Intriguing but ignored, limited mainly to resource-limited, tropical settings, these disorders are now coming to light because of globalisation and improved diagnosis and treatment. Enhanced understanding of these illnesses has prompted this review.

Recent findings
Methods of diagnosis have currently transitioned from blood smear examinations to immunological assays and molecular methods. Tools to assess neurological involvement, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are now increasingly available in regions and countries with high infection loads. Sleep and other electrophysiological technologies (electroencephalography, actigraphy) are also promising diagnostic tools but requiring field-validation. Access to treatments was formerly limited, even as limitations of agents used in the treatment are increasingly recognised. Newer agents are now being developed and trialled, encouraged by improved understanding of the disorders’ molecular underpinnings.

Summary
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in ensuring cure from the infections. Attention should also be due to the development of globally applicable treatment guidelines, the burden of neurological sequelae and elimination of the zoonoses from currently endemic regions.
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern identifying a cluster of B.1.1.28/P.1 variant in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Matic Nancy , Lowe Christopher F. , Ritchie Gordon , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Lawson Tanya , Jang Willson , Young Matthew , Dong Winnie , Brumme Zabrina L. , Brumme Chanson J. , Leung Victor , Romney Marc G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing a real-time RT-PCR-based algorithm to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, we rapidly identified 77 variants (57-B.1.1.7, 7-B.1.351, and 13-B.1.1.28/P.1). This protocol enabled our laboratory to screen all SARS-CoV-2 positive samples for variants, and identified a cluster of B.1.1.28/P.1 cases, a variant not previously known to circulate in British Columbia.
Autologous cardiac micrografts as support therapy to coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Nummi Annu , Mulari Severi , Stewart Juhani A. , Kivistö Sari , Teittinen Kari , Nieminen Tuomo , Lampinen Milla , Pätilä Tommi , Sintonen Harri , Juvonen Tatu , Kupari Markku , Suojaranta Raili , Kankuri Esko , Harjula Ari , Vento Antti ,   AADC consortium
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesCardio-regenerative cell therapies offer additional biologic support to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) for treating the myocardium suffering from or damaged by ischemia. This phase 1, open-label study assessed the safety and feasibility of epicardial transplantation of atrial appendage micrografts (AAMs) in patients undergoing CABG surgery.MethodsTwelve consecutive patients destined for CABG surgery were included in the study. Six patients received AAMs during their operation and six patients were CABG-operated without AAMs treatment. Data from 30 elective CABG patients was collected for a conjunctive control group. The AAMs were processed during the operation from a biopsy collected from the right atrial appendage. They were delivered epicardially on the infarct scar site identified in preoperative CMR. The primary outcome measures at six-months follow-up were i) patient safety in terms of hemodynamic and cardiac function over time and ii) feasibility of therapy administration in a clinical setting. Secondary outcome measures were left ventricular wall thickness, change in myocardial scar tissue volume, changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, NYHA class, number of days in hospital and changes in the quality of life.ResultsEpicardial transplantation of AAMs was safe and feasible to be performed in conjunction with CABG surgery. CMR demonstrated an increase in viable cardiac tissue at the infarct site in patients receiving AAMs treatment.ConclusionTransplantation of AAMs shows good clinical applicability as adjuvant therapy to cardiac surgery and can additionally serve as a delivery platform for cardiac gene therapies.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02672163
A genetic and transcriptomic assessment of theKTN1gene in Parkinson’s disease risk
Authors: Moore Anni , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Diez-Fairen Monica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. A recent finding has suggested an association betweenKTN1genetic variants and changes in its expression in the putamen and substantia nigra brain regions and an increased risk for PD. Here, we examine the link between PD susceptibility andKTN1using individual-level genotyping data and summary statistics from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for PD risk and age at onset from the International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), as well as whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson’s disease (AMP-PD) initiative. To investigate the potential effect of changes inKTN1expression on PD compared to healthy individuals, we further assess publicly available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) results from GTEx v8 and BRAINEAC and transcriptomics data from AMP-PD. Overall, we found no genetic associations betweenKTN1and PD in our cohorts but found potential evidence of differences in mRNA expression, which needs to be further explored.
Weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after the first injection of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Benotmane Ilies , Gautier-Vargas Gabriela , Cognard Noelle , Olagne Jerome , Heibel Francoise , Braun-Parvez Laura , Martzloff Jonas , Perrin Peggy , Moulin Bruno , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Caillard Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData concerning the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are currently lacking. Here, we sought to examine this issue by analyzing the serological response observed in 241 KTRs after a first vaccine injection. Our results indicate that KTRs have a weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, ultimately resulting in a low seroconversion rate (26/241, 10.8%). This phenomenon likely stems from a high immunosuppression burden in this clinical population.
RubricOE: a learning framework for genetic epidemiology
Authors: Saha Subrata , Guzmán-Sáenz Aldo , Bose Aritra , Utro Filippo , Platt Daniel E. , Parida Laxmi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic epidemiology is a growing area of interest in the past years due to the availability of genetic data with the decreasing cost of sequencing. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can be a very useful tool to study the genetic factors on disease incidence or on different traits characterizing a population. There are many challenges that plagues the field of genetic epidemiology including the unbalanced case-control data sets, fallibility of standard genome wide association studies with single marker analysis, heavily underdetermined systems with millions of markers in contrast of a few thousands of samples, to name a few. Ensemble ML methods can be a very useful tool to tackle many of these challenges and thus we propose RubricOE, a pipeline of ML algorithms with error bar computations to obtain interpretable genetic and non-genetic features from genomic or transcriptomic data combined with clinical factors in the form of electronic health records. RubricOE is shown to be robust in simulation studies, detecting true associations with traits of interest in arbitrarily structured multi-ethnic populations.
A longitudinal resource for studying connectome development and its psychiatric associations during childhood
Authors: Tobe Russell H. , MacKay-Brandt Anna , Lim Ryan , Kramer Melissa , Breland Melissa M. , Tu Lucia , Tian Yiwen , Trautman Kristin Dietz , Hu Caixia , Sangoi Raj , Alexander Lindsay , Gabbay Vilma , Castellanos F. Xavier , Leventhal Bennett L. , Craddock R. Cameron , Colcombe Stanley J. , Franco Alexandre R. , Milham Michael P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost psychiatric disorders are chronic, associated with high levels of disability and distress, and present during pediatric development. Scientific innovation increasingly allows researchers to probe brain-behavior relationships in the developing human. As a result, ambitions to (1) establish normative pediatric brain development trajectories akin to growth curves, (2) characterize reliable metrics for distinguishing illness, and (3) develop clinically useful tools to assist in the diagnosis and management of mental health and learning disorders have gained significant momentum. To this end, the NKI-Rockland Sample initiative was created to probe lifespan development as a large-scale multimodal dataset. The NKI-Rockland Sample Longitudinal Discovery of Brain Development Trajectories substudy (N=369) is a 24- to 30-month multi-cohort longitudinal pediatric investigation (ages 6.0-17.0 at enrollment) carried out in a community-ascertained sample. Data include psychiatric diagnostic, medical, behavioral, and cognitive phenotyping, as well as multimodal brain imaging (resting fMRI, diffusion MRI, morphometric MRI, arterial spin labeling), genetics, and actigraphy. Herein, we present the rationale, design, and implementation of the Longitudinal Discovery of Brain Development Trajectories protocol.
Forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic integrating symptom search behavior: an infodemiology study
Authors: Rabiolo Alessandro , Alladio Eugenio , Morales Esteban , McNaught Andrew I , Bandello Francesco , Afifi Abdelmonem A. , Marchese Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested associations between trends of web searches and COVID-19 traditional metrics. It remains unclear whether models incorporating trends of digital searches lead to better predictions.MethodsAn open-access web application was developed to evaluate Google Trends and traditional COVID-19 metrics via an interactive framework based on principal components analysis (PCA) and time series modelling. The app facilitates the analysis of symptom search behavior associated with COVID-19 disease in 188 countries. In this study, we selected data of eight countries as case studies to represent all continents. PCA was used to perform data dimensionality reduction, and three different time series models (Error Trend Seasonality, Autoregressive integrated moving average, and feed-forward neural network autoregression) were used to predict COVID-19 metrics in the upcoming 14 days. The models were compared in terms of prediction ability using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the first principal component (PC1). Predictive ability of models generated with both Google Trends data and conventional COVID-19 metrics were compared with those fitted with conventional COVID-19 metrics only.FindingsThe degree of correlation and the best time-lag varied as a function of the selected country and topic searched; in general, the optimal time-lag was within 15 days. Overall, predictions of PC1 based on both searched termed and COVID-19 traditional metrics performed better than those not including Google searches (median [IQR]: 1.43 [0.74-2.36] vs. 1.78 [0.95-2.88], respectively), but the improvement in prediction varied as a function of the selected country and timeframe. The best model varied as a function of country, time range, and period of time selected. Models based on a 7-day moving average led to considerably smaller RMSE values as opposed to those calculated with raw data (median [IQR]: 0.74 [0.47-1.22] vs. 2.15 [1.55-3.89], respectively).InterpretationThe inclusion of digital online searches in statistical models may improve the prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic.FundingEOSCsecretariat.eu has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Programme call H2020-INFRAEOSC-05-2018-2019, grant Agreement number 831644.
A Recovery Algorithm and Pooling Designs for One-Stage Noisy Group Testing under the Probabilistic Framework
Authors: Liu Yining , Kadyan Sachin , Pe’er Itsik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGroup testing saves time and resources by testing each pre-assigned group instead of each individual, and one-stage group testing emerged as essential for cost-effectively controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the practical challenge of adjusting pooling designs based on infection rate has not been systematically addressed. In particular, there are both theoretical interests and practical motivation to analyze one-stage group testing at finite, practical problem sizes, rather than asymptotic ones, under noisy, rather than perfect tests, and when the number of positives is randomly distributed, rather than fixed.Here, we study noisy group testing under the probabilistic framework by modeling the infection vector as a random vector with Bernoulli entries. Our main contributions include a practical one-stage group testing protocol guided by maximizing pool entropy and a maximum-likelihood recovery algorithm under the probabilistic framework. Our findings high-light the implications of introducing randomness to the infection vectors – we find that the combinatorial structure of the pooling designs plays a less important role than the parameters such as pool size and redundancy.
Exploring provider perspectives on patients with atrial fibrillation who are not prescribed anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Yao Catherine , Jones Aubrey E. , Slager Stacey , Fagerlin Angela , Witt Daniel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence-based guidelines strongly recommend oral anticoagulants to prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, many patients are not prescribed guideline recommended anticoagulant therapy.ObjectivesTo explore themes underlying anticoagulant prescribing or discontinuation in patients with AF and compare and contrast prescribing preferences between cardiologists and general practitioners.MethodsProviders at the University of Utah Health system were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. An interview guide directed the 15-minute interviews with focus on anticoagulant prescribing practices for patients with AF. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Two reviewers independently read transcripts and labeled passages of text corresponding with key concepts and themes.ResultsOf the eleven practitioners interviewed, seven practiced in cardiology, two in internal medicine and two in family medicine. The most prominent reasons cited for not prescribing anticoagulation for stroke prevention in AF patients were concerns about intracranial bleeding, followed by gastrointestinal bleeding. Other common reasons were increased age, thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy, previous or concerns of noncompliance, and comorbidities. Providers believed patient refusal of anticoagulants was related to fear of bleeding, medication burden, or warfarin’s negative reputation. All prescribers reported similar prescribing strategies, including using risk stratification, shared decision making, and utilizing specialized anticoagulation clinics and pharmacists as resources.ConclusionFear of bleeding was a common theme underlying anticoagulant underutilization in patients with AF. Identifying major reasons directly from providers can be utilized to develop patient education addressing common fears and misconceptions, promote shared decision making, and provide provider education and resources to achieve appropriate anticoagulant prescribing.
Development and validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting risk of severe COVID-19
Authors: Dite Gillian S. , Murphy Nicholas M. , Allman Richard 
Published: March 2021

SummaryClinical and genetic risk factors for severe COVID-19 are often considered independently and without knowledge of the magnitudes of their effects on risk. Using SARS-CoV-2 positive participants from the UK Biobank, we developed and validated a clinical and genetic model to predict risk of severe COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression on a 70% training dataset and used the remaining 30% for validation. We also validated a previously published prototype model. In the validation dataset, our new model was associated with severe COVID-19 (odds ratio per quintile of risk=1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.64, 1.90) and had excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.732, 95% CI=0.708, 0.756). We assessed calibration using logistic regression of the log odds of the risk score, and the new model showed no evidence of over- or under-estimation of risk (α=−0.08; 95% CI=−0.21, 0.05) and no evidence or over- or under-dispersion of risk (β=0.90, 95% CI=0.80, 1.00). Accurate prediction of individual risk is possible and will be important in regions where vaccines are not widely available or where people refuse or are disqualified from vaccination, especially given uncertainty about the extent of infection transmission among vaccinated people and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.Key resultsAccurate prediction of the risk of severe COVID-19 can inform public heath interventions and empower individuals to make informed choices about their day-to-day activities.Age and sex alone do not accurately predict risk of severe COVID-19.Our clinical and genetic model to predict risk of severe COVID-19 performs extremely well in terms of discrimination and calibration.