bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZAKNIC, Ivan. Klip and Corb on the Road. The Dual Diaries and Legacies of August Klipstein and Le Corbusier on their Eastern Journey
Authors: Dercelles Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

<p><span>Reseña del libro de Ivan Zaknic: </span></p><div data-canvas-width="19.135360000000002">Klip and Corb on the Road: The dual diaries and legacies of August Klipstein and Le Corbusier on their Eastern Journey, 1911</div><p><span><br /></span></p>
How common is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a cohort of children with functional constipation, and does ADHD treatment improve functional constipation?
Authors: Bazmamoun Hassan , Momeni Alireza , Jahangard Leila , Asnaashari Farzaneh , Pezeshki Nasrollah 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Functional constipation is common in children and has a significant impact on the quality of their life, affecting both physical and emotional well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients and its treatment effect on constipation.Material and methodsIn this clinical trial study, 80 children with simultaneous ADHD and functional constipation were allocated to two equal groups by the block randomization method. One group was treated only with ADHD drugs and the second group was treated for ADHD and functional constipation. Subsequently, the treatment outcome was evaluated in both groups.ResultsThe frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients was 13.87%. The frequency of functional constipation recovery in the first and second group was respectively 2 (5%) and 39 (97.5%) (p < 0.001). ADHD treatment has no significant effect on the recovery of constipation. There was no statistically significant relationship between the response to treatment with age, sex and duration of having ADHD and constipation.ConclusionsIn patients with simultaneous ADHD and functional constipation, ADHD treatment did not influence the recovery of functional constipation and vice versa.
Metformin alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating MMP-1 expression via the KDM6A/SOX9/miR-202-3p/MMP-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Hu Xin-yao , Cao Dong-zi , Wang Zhi-hua 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionMiR-202-3p is involved in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) via regulating MMP-1 expression in neuronal precursor cells (NPCs). As an activator of miR-202-3p and KDM6A expression, metformin (MET) may regulate the expression of SOX9 via regulating the methylation status of SOX9 promoter. However, the role of MET in the treatment of IDD remains to be explored.Material and methodsQuantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of KDM66, SOX9, MMP-1 and miR-202-3p in NPCs and IDD rabbits. Western blot was carried out to evaluate the expression of KDM6A, SOX9 and MMP-1 protein under different conditions. Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to analyze the DNA methylation of SOX9 promoter. Luciferase assay was carried out to explore the inhibitory effect of miR-202-3p upon MMP-1.ResultsThe expression of KDM6A, SOX9 and MMP-1 was abnormal in IDD cells and rabbits, while the MET treatment restored the normal expression of KDM6A, SOX9 and MMP-1 and miR-202-3p. Mechanistically, MET treatment reduced the level of hypermethylation of SOX9 promoter, thus restoring the expression of SOX9 in IDD cells and rabbits. The elevation in SOX9 expression promoted the expression of miR-202-3p, therefore inhibiting the expression of MMP-1, a downstream target of miR-202-3p.ConclusionsIn this study, we set up cellular and animal models of IDD and treated them with MET to probe the effect of MET on IDD and the signaling pathway of KDM6A/SOX9/miR-202-3p/MMP-1. Our work provided deep insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic role of MET in the treatment of IDD.
Forest Fires in the Ural Federal district and their impact on the environment
Authors: Куплевацкий В.К. , Шабалина Н.Ш. 
Published: March 2021

На основе актов и книг учета лесных пожаров, а также статистической отчетности проанализированы показатели фактической горимости лесов за 2016–2020 гг. Установлено, что за 2020 г. на территории Уральского федерального округа зафиксировано 2182 лесных пожара. При этом пройденная огнем площадь составила 167,2 тыс. га. Указанные показатели несколько превышают значения количества и пройденной огнем площади по округу за последние 5 лет: 1961 случай и 124,6 тыс. га соответственно. Наибольшее количество лесных пожаров зафиксировано в 2020 г. в челябинской области – 587 случаев, а наименьшее – в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе – 111 случаев. При этом максимальной пройден- ной огнем лесных пожаров площадью в 2020 г. характеризуется Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра – 144,7 тыс. га. Минимальная пройденная огнем площадь зафиксирована в Тюменской области – 1,6 тыс. га. Площадь среднего пожара за 2020 г. по округу составила 76,64 га, при этом в Ханты-Мансийском авто- номном округе – Югре она равнялась 308,0 га, а в Тюменской области – 6,98 га. Экономический ущерб от лесных пожаров составил по округу 4 109 793, 16 тыс. руб., при этом на тушение было затрачено 575 481,57 тыс. руб. Значительный размер ущерба от лесных пожаров, а также экологический ущерб вызывают необходи- мость дальнейшего совершенствования охраны лесов.
On the bases and books of forest fire accounting, as well as statistical reporting the indicators of actual forest fire rates for 2016–2020 were and lyzed. It was established that in 2020 2182 forest fires were recorded in the Ural Federal Distict. While the area covered by fire was 167,2 th/ga. These indicators slightly exceed the value of the number and the area covered by fire over the past five years in the district. The latter account for 1961 cases and 124,6 thousands of ha respectively. The largest number of forest fires was recorded in 2020 in Chelyabinsk region – 587 cases, the least in the Yamalonenets autonomous okrug – 111 cases. At the same time the maximum area covered by forest fires in 2020 is charaiterized by the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra – 144,7 thousands of has. The minimum area covered by the fire was recorded in the Tyumen region – 1,6 th. ha. The average fire area in 2020 around the Okrug was 76,64 ha, at the same time in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra, it is 308,0 ha, but in the Tyumen region – 6,98 ha. The economic damage from forest fires amounted to 4 109 793,16 th of roubes, at the same time 575 481,57 th of ronbes were spent fire suppressing significant damage from forest fires as well as environmental damage necessitates futher forest protection improvement.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa SD Melalui Model Pembelajaran Debate di Kota Makassar
Authors: Wati Sukma , Satriawati Satriawati , Khaedar Muh. 
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak peserta didik dengan mengacu pada kurikulum yang ditetapkan. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan para guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa yaitu model pembelajaran Debate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran debate untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III Kota Makassar. Pendekatan yang di gunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian berupa penelitian tindakan kelas dengan alur kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Bangkala III sebanyak 27 orang siswa. Adapun instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil lembar observasi belajar siswa kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III pada siklus I nilai ketuntasan 56,26% berada pada kategori sangat kurang dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II nilai ketuntasan 89 % berada pada kategori baik sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran debate dapat meningkat hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Bangkala III pada mata pelajaran IPA.
A decade of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) measurements in the southwestern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Schlundt Cathleen , Booge Dennis , Bange Hermann W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate
(DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were measured at the Boknis Eck
Time Series Station (BE, Eckernförde Bay, SW Baltic Sea) during the
period February 2009–December 2018. Our results show considerable
interannual and seasonal variabilities in the mixed-layer concentrations of
DMS, total DMSP (DMSPt) and total DMSO (DMSOt). Positive
correlations were found between particulate DMSP (DMSPp) and
particulate DMSO (DMSOp) as well as DMSPt and DMSOt in the
mixed layer, suggesting a similar source for both compounds. The decreasing
long-term trends, observed for DMSPt and DMS in the mixed layer, were
linked to the concurrent trend of the sum of 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and 19′-butanoyloxy-fucoxanthin, which are
the marker pigments of prymnesiophytes and chrysophytes, respectively. Major
Baltic inflow (MBI) events influenced the distribution of sulfur compounds
due to phytoplankton community changes, and sediment might be a potential
source for DMS in the bottom layer during seasonal hypoxia/anoxia at BE. A
modified algorithm based on the phytoplankton pigments reproduces the
DMSPp : Chl a ratios well during this study and could be used to estimate
future surface (5 m) DMSPp concentrations at BE.
Individual self-determination vs. Ukrainian or Russian nationalism
Authors: Ebeling Richard 
Published: March 2021

Russian president Vladimir Putin’s power grab and annexation of the Crimea has filled global news headlines as he attempts to reverse what he has called the «greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the twentieth Century» – the collapse of the Soviet Union. But it needs to be remembered that this conflict has its deeper roots in two ideas that have plagued the world for over two centuries: nationalism and government interventionism into economic affairs.
In the early years of the nineteenth century the new nationalist idea of self-determination in establishing in what country people should live was considered a logical extension of the general idea of individual liberty and freedom of choice.
Just as an individual should have the liberty to guide his own life according to his own values, beliefs and ideals; just as he should be free to peacefully associate with whomever he chose on the basis of commonly shared goals or mutually beneficial exchanges; so, too, individuals should have the freedom to choose in what political state they wanted to live.
El impacto de la dolarización en América Latina
Authors: Fernández Miguel Ángel Echarte 
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the impact of dollarization in Ecuador, Panama and El Salvador as well as the Argentine convertibility system. We found that the adoption of a more stable currency has had positive results in those countries.
Key words: Dollarization, Inflation, Central Bank, Balance of Trade, Gold Standard, Cash Ratio, Exports, Flexible Exchange Rates.
JEL Classification: E42, E44, E58.
Resumen: En este artículo se analizan los efectos de la dolarización en Ecua - dor, Panamá y El Salvador, y se contrasta con el sistema de convertibilidad argentino. Observamos que la adopción de una moneda estable ha tenido resultados positivos para estos países.
Palabras clave: Dolarización, Inflación, Banco Central, Balanza Comercial, Patrón Oro, Coeficiente de Caja, Exportaciones, Tipos de Cambio Flexibles.
Clasificación JEL: E42, E44, E58.
Una teoría libertaria para la paz
Authors: Flores Gaetano Leone 
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the libertarian theory for peace and war exposed by Murray Rothbard in his famous article: «War, Peace and the State» included in the chapter 2 of Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s book: The Myth of National Defense. This paper argues that the methodology used for the making of the theory wasn’t the most accurate one to approach a very complex subject like this one which always comes to the light of the discussion about the oppressive state intervention. It is analyzed in extenso the implications of the path chosen by the author, proposing an alternative methodology and exposing a series of seminal ideas for the further development of a more consistent and complete libertarian theory of peace.
Key words: Rothbard, Libertarian Theory of Peace, War, Methodology.
JEL Classification: B25
Resumen: Este artículo analiza la teoría libertaria de la paz y la guerra ex - puesta por Murray Rothbard en su famoso escrito: «War, Peace and the State» incluido como capítulo 2 de la sección 1 del libro recopilatorio de Hans-Hermann Hoppe: The Myth of National Defense. Se argumenta en el mismo que la metodología utilizada para la elaboración de la teoría no fue del todo la más adecuada para poder abordar un tema tan complejo como este, que siempre salta a la luz del debate a la hora de criticar el agobiante interven-cionismo estatal. Se analizan in extenso las implicaciones del camino esco - gido por el autor, proponiendo una metodología alternativa y exponiendo una serie de ideas seminales que sirvan para un posterior desarrollo de una teoría libertaria de la paz más completa y mejor integrada.
Palabras clave: Rothbard, Teoría Libertaria de la Paz, Guerra, Metodología.
Clasificación JEL: B25.
A libertarian case for monarchy
Authors: Yeager Leland B. 
Published: March 2021

Clear thought and discussion suffer when all sorts of good things, like liberty, equality, fraternity, rights, majority rule, and general welfare – some in tension with others – are marketed together under the portmanteau label «democracy.»
Democracy’s core meaning is a particular method of choosing, replacing, and influencing government officials (Schumpeter 1950). It is not a doctrine of what government should and should not do. Nor is it the same thing as personal freedom or a free society or an egalitarian social ethos. True enough, some classical liberals, like Thomas Paine (1791) and Ludwig von Mises (1919), did scorn hereditary monarchy and did express touching faith that representative democracy would choose excellent leaders and adopt policies truly serving the common interest. Experience has taught us better, as the American founders already knew when constructing a government of separated and limited powers and of only filtered democracy.
As an exercise, and without claiming that my arguments are decisive, I’ll contend that constitutional monarchy can better preserve people’s freedom and opportunities than democracy as it has turned out in practice.1
Politics, Central Bank, Monetary Regime and Government Bankruptcy
Authors: Bernholz Peter 
Published: March 2021

The damages and suffering caused by inflation during the course of history are enormous. Still, the worst excesses of inflation occurred not before the 20th century. This development was a consequence of the further technical development of money from coins to paper money and book money together with changes in the monetary regime or constitution ruling supply and control of money. Sustained inflation has always been a mone-tary phenomenon in the sense that the increase of the money supply is a necessary condition for its occurrence. Moreover, if an increase of the money supply is permanently outstripping the growth of real gross domestic product it is also a sufficient condi-tion for inflation. But that is not the whole story. For it has still to be asked which are the factors and institutional settings that allow the excessive growth of the money supply. And here historical evidence provides a clear answer (Figure 1).
During the rule of the gold and silver standards until the outbreak of the World War I or after the restoration of it until the Great Depression of the 1930s no upward trend of the price level, but only long-term swings can be observed. But after the demise of the convertibility of banknotes into gold at a fixed parity and thus the introduction on a discretionary paper money standard the price level rises dramatically even in the respective developed countries.
Structured, Transitional and Unstructured Civil Societies: An Institutional Approach
Authors: Reategui Rubén Méndez 
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to introduce an alternative conceptual taxonomy of civil society as an input to Austrian law and economics and neo-institutional economics. The conceptual framework of the paper develops three categories: unstructured, transitional, and structured civil societies. This categorization was, in part, inspired by Parsons’ (1966, p. 33) contribution to functional sociology: «Society is an intelligent structure, rationally structured to integrate its com-plex parts into a coherent whole (...) A social system consists of a plurality of social agents interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, agents moti-vated by a tendency towards the “optimization of satisfaction” whose interactions with their own circumstances, are defined and influenced by a culturally shared system of structured symbols.»
However, our proposal does not focus on the associative system as a «set» of aggregates (Parsons, 1968).1 In contrast, following a previous academic paper (Mendez, 2013), the individuality of the agents is assumed. This differs from Parsons’ approach (1978), where agents become secondary receivers in the process of so-cialization. In addition, it has been assumed in this paper that the permanent display of individualism (economic subjectivism) in civil society occurs through the interaction of associative agents (Garcia-Guadilla et al., 1997). These individuals acting as «creative or entrepreneurial agents» (Kirzner, 1978a) help to maintain asso-ciative cohesion through productive entrepreneurship (Baumol, 1990).
Formalizing the Austrian thought: A suggested approach
Authors: Sibileau Martin 
Published: March 2021

In his book Socialismo, cálculo económico y función empresarial,1 Dr. Huerta de Soto suggests that society is a spontaneous, dy-namic process of exchange exhibiting an infinite diversity in values. Entrepreneurship is the force that drives this exchange process and consists in the creation, discovery and transmission of information. From Hayek, we recognize that such information is coded by what we know as «the price system». And we also know that when the exchange takes place, it does so with the use of an indirect medium of exchange, also known as money.
Oddly, this process remains much ignored. In my personal experience, as soon as one brings it up in polite conversation, a lack of rigorous formalism is pointed out as the main reason behind the ignorance. Austrian economics is considered «soft», and although many have properly answered this observation (i.e. Huerta de Soto), formalization is still absent. Hence, my humble suggestion on how to approach a definitive formalization of the theory.
Presence of formalization in a theory is always preferable to absence. In the paragraphs below, I give two examples that I think illustrate this point. But I also show that formalization of the mar-ket process cannot be mathematized. This is due to the fact that behind the market process lies human action, which is creation, and creation is not decidable in the Church-Turing sense. But the result of this creation, economic goods, are. This has strong im-plications.
If economic goods are the product of information exchanges, they are algorithms,2 and algorithmic analysis may be applicable.
El papel de las ideas en la calidad de las instituciones
Authors: Krause Martin 
Published: March 2021

The relevance of institutional quality to progress has been widely accepted in academia where we can find a growing number of studies focusing on the positive effects a better quality generates. Some of these effects include a higher per capita GDP, a larger volume of investments and innovation, better environmental quality and a higher standard of living.
Nevertheless, the present article, aims at considering a logically previous subject, which is not just the consequences of good institutions but its causes. Particularly, we try to respond to the following question: If institutional quality is so important for progress in society, what determines that some have achieved a better than others? The search for an answer will lead us to consider the role of ideas in the institutions that evolve in specific societies.
Key words: Institutions, Ideas, Institutional Change, Origin of Institutions, Theories on Institutional Change.
JEL Classification: P51, P52.
Análisis de la política monetaria del BCE desde un punto de vista austriaco
Authors: Escandón María Méndez 
Published: March 2021

Seven years after the outset of the Great recession, the debate continues as to which economic policies are necessary to return to a state of balanced and sustainable growth. In this context, many voices demand more active participation of central banks, including more forceful implementation of monetary policy measures. The Austrian school of economic thought maintains that monetary and financial systems play a key role, but it does so from a foundation that is radically opposed to that of other economic schools. The goal of this article is to analyze Euro Area monetary policy, not only highlighting the benefits of the Euro for its member countries, but also emphasizing the fundamental errors in foundation and design of this policy from the perspective of the Austrian school.
Key words: Monetary Policy, Economic and Monetary Union,The Austrian School of Economics, Jesus Huerta de Soto.
JEL Classification: B53, E4, E5, E52, E58, E61.
Resumen: Tras casi siete años desde el inicio de la Gran Recesión, el debate sobre cuáles son las medidas de política económica necesarias para volver a una senda de crecimiento equilibrado y sostenible todavía no ha cesado. En este contexto, son muchas las voces que reclaman un papel más activo de los bancos centrales, con medidas de política monetaria más contundentes. La Escuela Austriaca de Economía considera que el sistema monetario y finan - ciero juega un papel fundamental, pero lo hacen con unos fundamentos radi-calmente opuestos a los del resto de escuelas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la política monetaria única, llamando la atención sobre los bene-ficios que el euro ha supuesto para los países miembros, al mismo tiempo que se destacan los errores de diseño y fundamentación que tal sistema pre - senta desde un punto de vista de la economía austriaca.
Palabras clave: Política Monetaria, Unión Económica y Monetaria, Escuela Austriaca de Economía, Jesus Huerta de Soto.
Clasificación JEL: B53, E4, E5, E52, E58, E61.