bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of walking modifications, perceived walking difficulty and changes in outdoor mobility among community-dwelling older people during COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Leppä Heidi , Karavirta Laura , Rantalainen Timo , Rantakokko Merja , Siltanen Sini , Portegijs Erja , Rantanen Taina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Outdoor mobility enables participation in essential out-of-home activities in old age.

Aim
To compare changes in different aspects of outdoor mobility during COVID-19 restrictions versus two years before according to self-reported walking.

Methods
Community-dwelling participants of AGNES study (2017–2018, initial age 75–85) responded to AGNES-COVID-19 postal survey in spring 2020 (N = 809). Life-space mobility, autonomy in participation outdoors, and self-reported physical activity were assessed at both time points and differences according to self-reported walking modifications and difficulty vs. intact walking at baseline were analyzed.

Results
Life-space mobility and autonomy in participation outdoors had declined (mean changes -11.4, SD 21.3; and 6.7, SD 5.3, respectively), whereas physical activity had increased (5.5 min/day, SD 25.1) at follow-up. Participants perceiving walking difficulty reported the poorest baseline outdoor mobility, a steeper decline in life-space mobility (p = 0.001), a smaller increase in physical activity (p < 0.001), and a smaller decline in autonomy in participation outdoors (p = 0.017) than those with intact walking. Those with walking modifications also reported lower baseline life-space mobility and physical activity, a steeper decline in life-space mobility and a smaller increase in physical activity those with intact walking (p < 0.001 for both).

Discussion
Participants reporting walking modifications remained the intermediate group in outdoor mobility over time, whereas those with walking difficulty showed the steepest decline in outdoor mobility and hence potential risk for accelerated further functional decline.

Conclusion
Interventions should target older people perceiving walking difficulty, as they may be at the risk for becoming homebound when environmental facilitators for outdoor mobility are removed.
Caring for nursing home residents with COVID-19: a “hospital-at-nursing home” intermediate care intervention
Authors: Benvenuti Enrico , Rivasi Giulia , Bulgaresi Matteo , Barucci Riccardo , Lorini Chiara , Balzi Daniela , Faraone Antonio , Fortini Giacomo , Vaccaro Gabriele , Del Lungo Ilaria , Gangemi Salvatore , Giardini Sante , Piga Cecilia , Barghini Eleonora , Boni Serena , Bulli Giulia , Carrai Paolo , Crociani Andrea , Lo Forte Aldo , Martella Letizia , Pupo Simone , Marozzi Irene , Bandini Giulia , Buscemi Primo , Cosma Claudia , Stacchini Lorenzo , Baggiani Lorenzo , Ungar Andrea , Mossello Enrico , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Landini Giancarlo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Nursing home (NH) residents have been dramatically affected by COVID-19, with extremely high rates of hospitalization and mortality.

Aims
To describe the features and impact of an assistance model involving an intermediate care mobile medical specialist team (GIROT, Gruppo Intervento Rapido Ospedale Territorio) aimed at delivering “hospital-at-nursing home” care to NH residents with COVID-19 in Florence, Italy.

Methods
The GIROT activity was set-up during the first wave of the pandemic (W1, March–April 2020) and became a structured healthcare model during the second (W2, October 2020–January 2021). The activity involved (1) infection transmission control among NHs residents and staff, (2) comprehensive geriatric assessment including prognostication and geriatric syndromes management, (3) on-site diagnostic assessment and protocol-based treatment of COVID-19, (4) supply of nursing personnel to understaffed NHs. To estimate the impact of the GIROT intervention, we reported hospitalization and infection lethality rates recorded in SARS-CoV-2-positive NH residents during W1 and W2.

Results
The GIROT activity involved 21 NHs (1159 residents) and 43 NHs (2448 residents) during W1 and W2, respectively. The percentage of infected residents was higher in W2 than in W1 (64.5% vs. 38.8%), while both hospitalization and lethality rates significantly decreased in W2 compared to W1 (10.1% vs 58.2% and 23.4% vs 31.1%, respectively).

Discussion
Potentiating on-site care in the NHs paralleled a decrease of hospital admissions with no increase of lethality.

Conclusions
An innovative “hospital-at-nursing home” patient-centred care model based on comprehensive geriatric assessment may provide a valuable contribution in fighting COVID-19 in NH residents.
Influences of target congruence and lifestyles on victimization trajectories: An Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Modeling approach to overlap between bullying and victimization
Authors: Park Insun , Cho Sujung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionRelative to the general victimization literature, a small body of literature has examined the longitudinal process of overlap between bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. To address this gap, this study assesses the dynamic process of bullying perpetration and victimization from a developmental perspective and examine the applicability of target congruence and lifestyle‐routine activities approach.MethodsUsing data from 2,378 Korean youths collected from 2012 to 2016, the current study has conducted a Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Modeling (PPLGCM) analysis to examine co‐development and sequentially contingent processes of bullying and victimization, and Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Modeling (ALTM) to examine the time‐lagged effect of bullying on victimization.ResultsResults from the PPLGCM revealed a significant and positive relationship between the initial levels of bullying and victimization as well as a reciprocal and cumulative influence over time. The ALTM analysis indicated that increased victimization in the previous year was associated with increased victimization in the following year. Further, time‐concurrent and time‐lagged effects of bullying on victimization were significant and positive. Finally, target congruence and risky lifestyle variables predicted the longitudinal process of victimization, indicating the cross‐cultural generalizability of the theory.ConclusionsThe findings offer support for a complex and dynamic relationship between bullying and victimization, and thus call for developmentally sensitive prevention strategies.
The Burden of Communicable Diseases in Lebanon: Trends in the Past Decade
Authors: Hammoud Sahar , Onchonga David , Amer Faten , Kocsis Béla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to review the main communicable diseases that experienced an upsurge in the past decade in Lebanon and to highlight the reasons behind this increase. Data of reported communicable diseases from 2010 till 2019 were obtained from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health (LMOPH) epidemiological surveillance database. Tuberculosis, measles, mumps, leishmaniasis, and hepatitis A were the main communicable diseases that showed a sharp increase in the past 10 y. Measles outbreaks occurred in 2013 and 2018, leishmaniasis outbreak in 2013, and mumps and hepatitis A outbreaks in 2014. The highest percentages of reported diseases were from Beqaa and North governorates. The massive influx of Syrian refugees to Lebanon, together with the poor water management system, poor sanitation, deprived living conditions, and limited health-care access in rural areas might have contributed to the upsurge of communicable diseases. Although the LMOPH succeeded in containing the outbreaks, further efforts are needed to improve the identified gaps to avoid future outbreaks.
Dung beetle community assemblages in a southern African landscape: niche overlap between domestic and wild herbivore dung
Authors: Sands B. , Mgidiswa N. , Curson S. , Nyamukondiwa C. , Wall R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDung beetles provide important ecosystem functions in semiarid environments, improving the physiochemical characteristics of the soil through tunnelling and burying nutrient-rich dung. In sub-Saharan Africa, diverse indigenous mammal communities support highly abundant dung beetle populations in savannah ecosystems. However, the conversion of landscapes to livestock agriculture may result in changes in the abundance and diversity of wild mammal species. This is likely to have significant impacts on dung beetle communities, particularly because domestic livestock dung may be contaminated with toxic residues of veterinary parasiticides. The environmental impact is likely to be affected by the degree of niche overlap between the beetle communities that colonize cattle dung and those that colonize the dung of wild mammals. We compared dung beetle communities between a pristine national park habitat dominated by large wild herbivores, and a pastoral farming community dominated by domestic livestock. Diurnal dung beetles were attracted to cattle dung in greater abundance and diversity compared to elephant, zebra or giraffe dung. Nocturnal/crepuscular dung beetles were attracted to non-ruminant dung (elephant and zebra) in higher abundance compared to ruminant dung (cattle and giraffe). Although there were no clear trophic specializations, three diurnal species showed an association with cattle dung, whereas eight nocturnal/crepuscular species showed an association with non-ruminant (elephant and zebra) dung. Diurnal species may be at greater risk from the toxic effects of residues of veterinary parasiticides in domestic livestock dung. Although many species showed trophic associations with wild herbivore dung, these beetles can utilize a wide range of dung and will readily colonize cattle dung in the absence of other options. As more land is converted to livestock agriculture, the contamination of dung with toxic residues from veterinary parasiticides could therefore negatively impact the majority of dung beetle species.
The Continued Criminality of Selling Sex: A Trajectory of South African Sex Work Law Reform
Authors: Spies Amanda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores the regulation of sex work in South Africa and follows the trajectory of the South African Law Reform Commission (SALRC) in investigating whether sex work should be decriminalized. The legal regulation of sex work is a hotly contested topic. South Africa currently criminalizes the selling and buying of sex, but policy reform has been on the cards since the SALRC launched its project on the topic in the early 2000s. As most sex work policy responses are grounded in feminist theory, the article analyses the main theoretical ideologies and questions the influence of these ideologies in structuring sex work law reform in the South African context. The author calls for a more inclusive understanding of feminism and sex work, and the need to acknowledge the importance of rights discourse in furthering political growth and protecting sex workers’ constitutional rights.
Hear me out: rethinking internal auditory meatus magnetic resonance imaging in primary care. A cohort evaluation
Authors: Sajid I M , Frost K 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundImaging detects acoustic neuroma, a rare pathology associated with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, that is mostly managed conservatively. Scanning indication is debatable, without evaluation in primary care, despite the high burden of audiovestibular symptoms and commissioning of general practitioner imaging.MethodCohort evaluation of two years' internal auditory meatus magnetic resonance imaging in primary care.ResultsOf 200 scans requested by 77 general practitioners, only 33 per cent conformed to guideline indications. Most were referred to specialists, regardless of result. Only 10.5 per cent were appropriately imaged to rule out neuroma without specialist referral. One neuroma was detected (diagnostic yield 0.5 per cent) in a patient already referred. Incidental findings were shown in 44.5 per cent, triggering low-value cascades in 18 per cent. Whilst fewer than 1 in a 1000 imaged patients may improve through surgery, 1 in 5 can suffer negative imaging cascades.ConclusionConsidering the bi-directional relationship between distress and audio-vestibular symptoms, anxiety-provoking imaging overuse should be minimised. In low-prevalence primary care, retrocochlear imaging could be limited to those with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Alternatively, assessment and imaging could be shifted to audiologist-led settings, with a wider therapeutic offer, likely more beneficial and cost-effective than conventional surgical pathways.
A child case of Kawasaki with giant coronary aneurysm: percutaneous coronary intervention due to anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Türe Mehmet , Akın Alper , Ertaş Faruk , Akın Oğuz Aylin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKawasaki disease is usually self-limited, but it can lead to aneurysm, stenosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction in the coronary arteries. The most important complication of Kawasaki disease is coronary artery aneurysm. Coronary artery aneurysm or ectasia may be seen in 15–25% of patients who do not receive treatment. It develops in 5% of children who receive intravenous immunoglobulin at the appropriate time. Acute myocardial infarction is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Kawasaki patients with giant aneurysms. We present a 10-year-old girl who had a history of giant aneurysm in the coronary arteries and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention due to anterior myocardial infarction.
Ocean Dust Deposition Rates Constrained in a Data‐Assimilation Model of the Marine Aluminum Cycle
Authors: Xu Hairong , Weber Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAluminum (Al) is delivered to surface ocean waters by aeolian dust, making it a promising tracer to constrain dust deposition rates and the atmospheric supply of trace metal micronutrients. Over recent years, dissolved Al has been mapped along the GEOTRACES transects, providing unparalleled coverage of the world ocean. However, inferring atmospheric input rates from these observations is complicated by a suite of additional processes that influence the Al distribution, including reversible particle scavenging, biological uptake by diatoms, hydrothermal sources, sediment resuspension. Here we employ a data‐assimilation model of the oceanic Al cycle that explicitly accounts for these processes, allowing the atmospheric signal to be extracted. We conduct an ensemble of model optimizations that test different dust deposition distributions and consider spatial variations in Al solubility, thereby inferring the atmospheric Al supply that is most consistent with GEOTRACES observations. We find that 37.2 ± 11.0 Gmol/yr of soluble Al is added to the global ocean, dominated in the Atlantic Ocean, and that Al fractional solubility varies strongly as a function of atmospheric dust concentration. Our model also suggests that 6.1 ± 2.4 Gmol Al/yr is injected from hydrothermal vents, and that vertical Al redistribution through the water column is dominated by abiotic reversible scavenging rather than uptake by diatoms. Our results have important implications for the oceanic iron (Fe) budget: based on the soluble Fe:Al ratio of dust, we infer that aeolian Fe inputs lie between 3.82 and 9.25 Gmol/yr globally, and fall short of the biological Fe demand in most ocean regions.
Earthquake Source Complexity Controls the Frequency Dependence of Near‐Source Radiation Patterns
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Chu Shanna X. , Tsai Victor C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe spatial patterns of earthquake ground motion amplitudes are commonly represented using a double‐couple model that corresponds to shear slip on a planar fault. While this framework has proven largely successful in explaining low‐frequency seismic recordings, at higher frequencies the wavefield becomes more azimuthally isotropic for reasons that are not yet well understood. Here, we use a dense array of nodal seismometers in Oklahoma to study the radiation patterns of earthquakes in the near‐source region where the effects of wavefield scattering are limited. At these close distances, the radiation pattern is predominantly double couple at low frequencies (<15 Hz). At higher frequencies, the recorded wavefield contains significant isotropic and residual components that cannot be explained as path or site effects, implying complexity in the rupture process or local fault zone structure. These findings demonstrate that earthquake source complexity can drive variability in the ground motions that control seismic hazard.
Magnetic Field in Magnetosheath Jets: A Statistical Study of BZ Near the Magnetopause
Authors: Vuorinen Laura , Hietala Heli , Plaschke Ferdinand , LaMoury Adrian T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnetosheath jets travel from the bow shock toward the magnetopause, and some of them eventually impact it. Jet impacts have recently been linked to triggering magnetopause reconnection in case studies by Hietala et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076525) and Nykyri et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026357). In this study, we focus on the enhancing or suppressing effect jets could have on reconnection by locally altering the magnetic shear via their own magnetic fields. Using observations from the years 2008–2011 made by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft and solar wind OMNI data, we statistically study for the first time within jets in the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric coordinates. We find that opposite to the prevailing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is roughly as common in jets as in the non‐jet magnetosheath near the magnetopause, but these observations are distributed differently. 60–70% of jet intervals contain bursts of opposite polarity in comparison to around 40 of similar non‐jet intervals. The median duration of such a burst in jets is 10 s and strength is nT. We also investigate the prevalence of the type of strong nT pulses that Nykyri et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026357) linked to a substorm onset. In our data set, such pulses were observed in around 13% of jets. Our statistical results indicate that jets may have the potential to affect local magnetopause reconnection via their magnetic fields. Future studies are needed to determine whether such effects can be observed.
Longitudinal analyses of CLL in mice identify leukemia-related clonal changes including a Myc gain predicting poor outcome in patients
Authors: Öztürk Selcen , Paul Yashna , Afzal Saira , Gil-Farina Irene , Jauch Anna , Bruch Peter-Martin , Kalter Verena , Hanna Bola , Arseni Lavinia , Roessner Philipp M. , Schmidt Manfred , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Dietrich Sascha , Lichter Peter , Zapatka Marc , Seiffert Martina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy mainly occurring at an advanced age with no single major genetic driver. Transgenic expression of TCL1 in B cells leads after a long latency to a CLL-like disease in aged Eµ-TCL1 mice suggesting that TCL1 overexpression is not sufficient for full leukemic transformation. In search for secondary genetic events and to elucidate the clonal evolution of CLL, we performed whole exome and B-cell receptor sequencing of longitudinal leukemia samples of Eµ-TCL1 mice. We observed a B-cell receptor stereotypy, as described in patients, confirming that CLL is an antigen-driven disease. Deep sequencing showed that leukemia in Eµ-TCL1 mice is mostly monoclonal. Rare oligoclonality was associated with inability of tumors to develop disease upon adoptive transfer in mice. In addition, we identified clonal changes and a sequential acquisition of mutations with known relevance in CLL, which highlights the genetic similarities and therefore, suitability of the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model for progressive CLL. Among them, a recurrent gain of chromosome 15, where Myc is located, was identified in almost all tumors in Eµ-TCL1 mice. Interestingly, amplification of 8q24, the chromosomal region containing MYC in humans, was associated with worse outcome of patients with CLL.
BCL9 regulates CD226 and CD96 checkpoints in CD8+ T cells to improve PD-1 response in cancer
Authors: Feng Mei , Wu Zhongen , Zhou Yan , Wei Zhuang , Tian Enming , Mei Shenglin , Zhu Yuanyuan , Liu Chenglong , He Fenglian , Li Huiyu , Xie Cao , Jin Joy , Dong Jibin , Yang Dehua , Yu Ker , Qian Junbin , Lambrechts Diether , Wang Ming-Wei , Zhu Di 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo date, the overall response rate of PD-1 blockade remains unsatisfactory, partially due to limited understanding of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9), a key transcription co-activator of the Wnt pathway, is highly expressed in cancers. By genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BCL9 in tumors, we found that BCL9 suppression reduced tumor growth, promoted CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration, and enhanced response to anti-PD-1 treatment in mouse colon cancer models. To determine the underlying mechanism of BCL9’s role in TIME regulation, single-cell RNA-seq was applied to reveal cellular landscape and transcription differences in the tumor immune microenvironment upon BCL9 inhibition. CD155-CD226 and CD155-CD96 checkpoints play key roles in cancer cell/CD8+ T cell interaction. BCL9 suppression induces phosphorylation of VAV1 in CD8+ T cells and increases GLI1 and PATCH expression to promote CD155 expression in cancer cells. In The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis, we found that BCL9 expression is positively associated with CD155 and negatively associated with CD226 expression. BCL9 is also linked to adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation involved in patient survival following anti-PD-1 treatment. This study points to cellular diversity within the tumor immune microenvironment affected by BCL9 inhibition and provides new insights into the role of BCL9 in regulating CD226 and CD96 checkpoints
Histone H4 lysine 20 mono-methylation directly facilitates chromatin openness and promotes transcription of housekeeping genes
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Chen Qinming , Shi Xiangyan , Nair Nidhi , Prasanna Chinmayi , Yang Renliang , Walter David , Frederiksen Klaus S. , Einarsson Hjorleifur , Svensson J. Peter , Liu Chuan Fa , Ekwall Karl , Lerdrup Mads , Nordenskiöld Lars , Sørensen Claus S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHistone lysine methylations have primarily been linked to selective recruitment of reader or effector proteins that subsequently modify chromatin regions and mediate genome functions. Here, we describe a divergent role for histone H4 lysine 20 mono-methylation (H4K20me1) and demonstrate that it directly facilitates chromatin openness and accessibility by disrupting chromatin folding. Thus, accumulation of H4K20me1 demarcates highly accessible chromatin at genes, and this is maintained throughout the cell cycle. In vitro, H4K20me1-containing nucleosomal arrays with nucleosome repeat lengths (NRL) of 187 and 197 are less compact than unmethylated (H4K20me0) or trimethylated (H4K20me3) arrays. Concordantly, and in contrast to trimethylated and unmethylated tails, solid-state NMR data shows that H4K20 mono-methylation changes the H4 conformational state and leads to more dynamic histone H4-tails. Notably, the increased chromatin accessibility mediated by H4K20me1 facilitates gene expression, particularly of housekeeping genes. Altogether, we show how the methylation state of a single histone H4 residue operates as a focal point in chromatin structure control. While H4K20me1 directly promotes chromatin openness at highly transcribed genes, it also serves as a stepping-stone for H4K20me3-dependent chromatin compaction.