bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Selection of Irradiated Plantlets of Vanilla Planifolia Jacks. In the Face of Water Stress
Authors: Iglesias-Andreu Lourdes GEORGINA , Ramos-Castellá Alma Laura , Chávez María de Lourdes Palafox 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, premature fruit fall is one of the major problems of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) cultivation. This phenomenon has been related to its high susceptibility to drought, a consequence of the low genetic variability of this crop. For this reason, it is of great importance to undertake genetic improvement programs in order to obtain genotypes with greater tolerance to this abiotic factor. With this aim, the present work was developed, in order to select in vitro irradiated shoots, with different doses of gamma rays (0.5 to 19 Gy), cultivated in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing: 0, 10 and 15% of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed a greater proliferation of irradiated shoots, with doses of 0.5 and 1 Gy (8.88 ± 3.04 and 6.43 ± 0.98). Shoots irradiated with 0.5 Gy had a faster growth (19.26 ± 6.87 mm) while those irradiated with 3 Gy showed a higher number of leaves (2.38 ± 0.71). Nodal segments of shoots irradiated with 9, 15, 17 and 19 Gy, lost their ability to multiply. Vitroplants from 13 Gy, grown in a medium containing 15 %, showed greater tolerance to water deficit. These vitroplants kept their leaves and showed significant differences in the accumulation of betaine glycine (21.46 ± 4.55 μmol betaine glycine/dry weight), in relation to the accumulation of non-irradiated vitroplants. Therefore, it is considered that the dose of 13 Gy can generate variability and improve tolerance to simulated water stress in vitro.
Continuous Recording of Vital Signs With a Wearable Device in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cancer – an Operational Feasibility Study
Authors: Koenig Christa , Ammann Roland A , Kuehni Claudia E , Roessler Jochen , Brack Eva 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposePediatric patients with cancer are at high risk for severe infections. Infections can trigger changes of vital signs long before clinical symptoms arise. Continuous recording may detect such changes earlier than discrete measurements. We aimed to assess the feasibility of continuous recording of vital sings by a wearable device (WD) in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer.MethodsIn this prospective, observational single-center study pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer wore the Everion® WD for 14 days.ResultsTwenty patients were included (median age, 6 years; range, 2-16). Six patients (predefined feasibility criterion, ≥15 patients) aged 3-16 years fulfilled the patient specific goal, defined as heart rate recorded with good quality during ≥18 hours/day on ≥7 consecutive days. The quality of heart rate recording was good during 3992 of 6576 (61%) hours studied, poor during 300 (5%) hours, and no data was recorded during 2284 (35%) hours. Eighteen of 20 participants indicated that this WD is acceptable to measure vital sings in children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. ConclusionWe found that continuous recording of vital signs is feasible across a very wide age range in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. In the configuration studied, however, the predefined feasibility criterion was not fulfilled. This was mainly due to important compliance problems and independent of the WD itself. These results will influence the design of future WD-studies including those aiming to identify patterns predicting fever or infection. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04134429) the 22th of October, 2019.
Long-Term Outcome and Quality of Life After Cavernoma Resection: Eloquent vs. Non-Eloquent Areas.
Authors: Shoubash Loay , Baldauf Jörg , Matthes Marc , Kirsch Michael , Rath Matthias , Felbor Ute , Schroeder Henry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life after surgery of cavernoma.Methods: A monocentric retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients with cavernoma treated microsurgically between 2000 and 2016. The eloquence was adopted from Spetzler-Martin definition. A most recent follow-up was elicited between 2017 and 2019, in which the quality of life (QoL) was evaluated with the Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF12).Results: 41 lesions were in eloquent group (EG), 22 in non-eloquent group (NEG), 3 in orbit and 3 in the spinal cord. Postoperative worsening of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) occurred in 19.5% of cases in EG versus 4.5% in NEG. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, the neurological status was better or unchanged compared to baseline in 85.4% of EG and 100% of NEG. 44 patients (EG n =27, NEG n = 14) attended the last follow-up. The EG had mostly comparable QoL results matched to NEG except for the physical role (RP). The study population when compared to the norms, did well on only half of the parameters of SF12. Yet, the general health (GH), vitality, physical (RP) and emotional roles (RE) were significantly inferior.Conclusion: At a late follow-up, the surgical morbidity was transient in the NEG and mostly recovered in the EG. Regarding QoL, Patients after eloquent cavernoma resection reported a non-inferior QoL in most SF12 domains (except for physical role) compared to NEG. However, they reported general health perception inferior to norms, which was affected by the limited physical and emotional roles.
Brain-Behavior Dynamics Between The Left Fusiform and Reading
Authors: Beelen Caroline , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol , Vandermosten Maaike 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The visual word form area (VWFA) plays a significant role in the development of reading skills. However, the developmental course and anatomical properties of the VWFA have only limitedly been investigated. The aim of the current longitudinal MRI study was to investigate dynamic, bidirectional relations between reading and the structure of the left fusiform gyrus at the early-to-advanced reading stage. More specifically, by means of bivariate correlations and a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), the interrelations between the size of the left fusiform gyrus and reading skills (a composite score of a word and pseudo-word reading task) were studied in a longitudinal cohort of 43 Flemish children (29M, 14F) with variable reading skills in grade 2 (the early stage of reading) and grade 5 (the advanced stage of reading) of primary school. Results revealed that better reading skills at grade 2 lead to a larger size of the left fusiform gyrus at grade 5, whereas there are no directional effects between the size of the left fusiform gyrus at grade 2 and reading skills at grade 5. Hence, according to our results there is behavior-driven brain plasticity and no brain-driven reading change between the early and advanced stage of reading. Together with pre-reading brain studies showing predictive relations to later reading scores, our results suggest that the direction of brain-behavioral influences changes throughout the course of reading development.
Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nano Rods on Sinterability and Bioactivity of Fe-14Mn-6Si Alloy Prepared By Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Zawrah M F , Allah Ibrahim M. Hassab , Awad Ayman R. Abdellah , Ata Moataz Bellah H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, there is a great of industrial interest on the production of biodegradable metal/ceramic composites. The casted Fe-Mn-Si alloys prepared by casting tools have low biodegradable rate; so it is important to seek a method as powder metallurgy (PM) to prepare porous bodies with increased biodegradability. Moreover, the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) nano rods to that alloy increases its bioactivity and forms composite with improved properties. In the present study, Fe-14Mn-6Si/HA composites were prepared by PM and sintered at different temperatures, i.e. 1100, 1150 and 1200oC. Also, the effect of HA nano-rods content on the composite properties (physical properties, microstructure and micro hardness) and bioactivity were studied. The results revealed that bulk density increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 1150oC; then decreased at 1200oC. Also, the bulk density increased with increasing the HA content. Moreover, the hardness of the sintered composites increased with increasing sintering temperature and HA amount. The maximum hardness values were 1293 & 1792 MPa for the specimens which contain 8 % HA and sintered at 1150 and 1200oC, respectively. The bioactivity of the prepared composites increased with increasing HA amount. The highest bioactivity was for the composite that contains 8 wt.% HA.
Comparison of Chief Complaints and Patient-Reported Symptoms of Treatment-Naive Lung Cancer Patients Before Surgery
Authors: Feng Yaqian , Dai Wei , Wang Yaqin , Liao Jia , Wei Xing , Xie Shaohua , Xu Wei , Li Qiang , Liu Fang , Shi Qiuling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLung cancer patients without chief complaints have been increasingly identified by physical examination. This study aimed to profile and compare chief complaints with patient-reported symptoms of lung cancer patients before surgery.MethodsData was extracted from a multicenter, prospective longitudinal study (CN-PRO-Lung 1) in China from November 2017 and January 2020. A comparison between chief complaints and patient-reported symptoms was analyzed using the Chi-squared test.ResultsA total of 201 (50.8%) lung cancer patients without chief complaints were found by physical examination at admission, and 195(49.2%) patients had chief complaints. The top 5 chief complaints were coughing (38.1%), expectoration (25.5%), chest pain (13.6%), hemoptysis (10.6%), and shortness of breath (5.1%). There were significantly more patients with chief complaints of coughing (38.1% vs. 15.0 %, P <0.001) and pain (20.5% vs. 6.9%, P<0.001) than those with the same symptoms rated ≥4 via MDASI-LC. There were less patients with chief complaints of fatigue (1.8% vs. 10.9%, P<0.001), nausea (0.3% vs. 2.5%, P=0.006), and vomiting (0.3% vs. 1.8%, p=0.032) than those with the same symptoms rated ≥4 via MDASI-LC. In patients without chief complaints, the five most common moderate to severe patient-reported symptoms were disturbed sleep (19.5%), distress (13.5%), dry mouth (13%), sadness (12%), and difficulty remembering (11.1%).ConclusionsSymptoms of lung cancer patients not included in the chief complaint could be identified via a patient-reported outcome instrument, suggesting the necessity of implementing the patient-reported outcome assessment before lung cancer surgery for better patient care.
Potential Analysis of Baccharis Dracunculifolia and Baccharis Trimera for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Copper Mining Tailings Area, Southern Brazil
Authors: Afonso Thays , Demarco Carolina , Pieniz Simone , Quadro Maurízio , Camargo Flávio , Andreazza Robson 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytoremediation potential promoted by Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. and Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. incopper mining tailings area, Southern Brazil. The plants were selected considering their spontaneous growth on tailings. The phytoremediation indexes as a translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), metal extraction ratio (MER) and plant effective number (PEN) were carried out. Both species showed higher concentration of heavy metals in the roots in relation to the shoots. B. trimera showed potential for phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and phytostabilization of Ba and Ni, whereas B. dracunculifolia showed potential for phytoextraction Pb and phytostabilization of Cu, Zn, and Ba. B. trimera showed higher potential in phytoremediation of the metals Cu > Zn > Cr > Ni and Cd than the B. dracunculifolia. B. trimera requires a smaller number of plants to remove 1 g of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Niand Cd than the B. dracunculifolia. The values of PENs for Cu were close to those estimated for B. dracunculifolia, but the PENs (Cu) and PENt (Cu) in B. trimera are much lower, meaning that a smaller number of plants are required for decontamination. Both species showed potential for phytoremediation of metals and grew spontaneously in the tailing mining area.
Pollution, human health risk assessment and spatial distribution of toxic metals in urban soil of Yazd City, Iran
Authors: Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi Somayeh , Ghasemi Mohsen , Gheisouri Morteza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution significantly reduces the quality of the environment and threatens human health especially in industrial cities. This study investigated toxic metals concentrations, pollution levels and human health risks assessment of urban soils in Yazd city, as an industrial city in center of Iran. Soil surface samples (0–10 cm) were collected from 30 points in the area for geochemical analysis. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The values of the mean concentrations of toxic metals (mg kg− 1) in the urban soils decrease in the order of Zn (83.9) > Pb (34.5) > Cr (32.6) > Cu (23.5) > Ni (23.4) > As (5.86) > Co (4.86) > Cd (0.27). The mean concentration of Zn, Pb, As and Cd elements were higher than the background and the crust values. A pollution assessment by Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Index (PI), Contamination Degree (CD), the Integrated Pollution Index (IPI), the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Integrated Nemerow Pollution Index (INPI) showed that As, Cd and Pb were moderately enriched and the study area polluted considerably by these toxic metals. Based on PI results, 88.9% of the urban soil samples highly polluted by As. Overall, the quality of the urban soil in Yazd city is clearly affected by toxic metals. Due to the prevailing wind direction, the route of the north-south highway of Iran and the population density and traffic of the northwestern and southern areas of the study area were found the highest level of pollution indicators (IPI > 1.8; LPI > 1.3; CD >15 and INPI > 4.3). The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that all pollution evaluation indicators were influenced by As and Cu, and showed high significant correlation with these two elements, while neither of them had a significant relationship with Pb and was found also a weak link statistically with Cd. Health Risk assessment of toxic metals has been performed in both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic sectors. The results indicate that oral intake is the main pathway that toxic metals can harm human health for both the child and adults. The carcinogenic risks (RI) of adults and child by toxic metals were as follows: Ni > Pb > Cr > As > Cd. Hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values for child also were higher than these for adults. Generally, the results demonstrated that the potential carcinogenic health risks for adults of toxic metals was in an acceptable range in study area whereas for Cr, Ni and Pb with RI > 10− 4, the risk of cancer in child probably increase.
Facile Co-precipitation Synthesis of Nanosized MnFe2O4 for Effective Removal of Zn(II) Ions From Aqueous Media
Authors: Alharbi Ahmed , Alluhaybi Ahmad A. , AlReshaidan Salwa , Youssef Hany M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the spinel nanosized MnFe2O4 (18.14 nm) was facilely synthesized through the co-precipitation method to study the removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous media. The fabricated MnFe2O4 sample was characterized using VSM, XRD, HR-TEM, EDS, FE-SEM, and FT-IR analyses. The principal XRD peaks, which are ascribed to (4 4 0), (3 3 3), (4 2 2), (4 0 0), (2 2 2), (3 1 1), (2 2 0), and (1 1 1) crystal planes, prove the cubic assembly of nanosized manganese ferrite as shown from JCPDS No. 74-2403. The EDS pattern confirmed that the % Wt of Mn, Fe, and O is 24.12, 48.04, and 28.15, respectively. The FE-SEM image confirmed the cubic nature of the surface of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles which have an average size of 110 nm. The saturation magnetization was 65 emu/g. The impacts of initial pH, concentration of Zn(II) ions, contact time, and temperature on the uptake of Zn(II) ions were accurately investigated. The removal of Zn(II) ions is spontaneous, exothermic, and followed the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity equals 330.03 mg/g.
Electromagnetic Radiation Under Phase Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Systems
Authors: Sinha Dhiraj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to classical mechanics, electron acceleration results in electromagnetic radiation while in quantum mechanics radiation is considered to be arising out of a transition of the charged particle from a higher to a lower energy state. A different narrative is presented in quantum field theory, which considers radiation as an outcome of the perturbation of zero point energy of quantum harmonic oscillator which results in a change in density of electrons in a given state. The theoretical disconnect in the phenomenological aspect of radiation in classical and quantum mechanics remains an unresolved theoretical challenge. As a charged particle changes its energy state, its wavefunction undergoes a spatial phase change, hence, we argue that the spatial phase symmetry breaking of the wavefunction is a critical aspect of radiation in quantum mechanics. This is also observed in Josephson junction, where a static voltage induces spatial phase symmetry breaking of current resulting in emission of electromagnetic waves. As temporal symmetry breaking of the magnetic vector potential generates classical radiation and a wave-function of a charged particle can always be associated with a specific magnetic vector potential; the concept of radiation under spatial phase symmetry breaking offers a novel perspective towards unifying the phenomenon of radiation in quantum mechanics and classical electromagnetism.
Extremely Elevated Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Forage Plants in a World Large-scale Abandoned Hg Mining Site: A Potential Risk of Exposure to Grazing Animals
Authors: Qian Xiaoli , Yang Chendong , Xu Xiaohang , Ao Ming , Xu Zhidong , Wu Yonggui , Qiu Guangle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ninety-five wild forage plants (belonging to 22 species of 18 families) and their corresponding rhizosphere soil samples were collected from wastelands of a world large-scale abandoned Hg mining region for total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) analysis. The forage plant communities on the wastelands were dominated by the Asteraceae, Crassulaceae and Polygonaceae families. The THg and MeHg concentrations in the forage plants varied widely and were in the range of 0.10 to 13 mg/kg and 0.19 to 23 μg/kg, respectively. Shoots of Aster ageratoides showed the highest average THg concentration of 12±1.1 mg/kg, while those of Aster subulatus had the highest average MeHg concentrations of 7.4±6.1 μg/kg. Both the THg and MeHg concentrations in the aboveground plant parts exhibited positive correlations with the THg (r=0.70, P<0.01) and MeHg (r=0.68, P<0.01) concentrations in the roots but these were not correlated with the THg and MeHg concentrations in their rhizosphere soils. The species A. ageratoides, A. subulatus, and S. brachyotus showed strong accumulation of Hg and are of concern for herbivorous/omnivorous wildlife and feeding livestock. Taking the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values for IHg recommended by the JECFA (2010) for human dietary exposure of 4 ng/g into account, grazing on 1.0 kg of forage (dry weight) by a 65 kg animal would mean that the daily intake of IHg was between 190-13200 μg, which reaches 3-5 order of magnitude higher than the permitted limit, suggesting a potential risk of exposure.
The Chemical Defensome of Fish: Conservation and Divergence of Genes Involved in Sensing and Responding to Pollutants Among Five Model Teleosts
Authors: Eide Marta , Zhang Xiaokang , Karlsen Odd André , Goldstone Jared V. , Stegeman John , Jonassen Inge , Goksøyr Anders 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
How an organism copes with chemicals is largely determined by the genes and proteins that collectively function to defend against, detoxify and eliminate chemical stressors. This integrative network includes receptors and transcription factors, biotransformation enzymes, transporters, antioxidants, and metal- and heat-responsive genes, and is collectively known as the chemical defensome. Although the types of defensome genes are generally conserved in animals, there are important differences in the complement and function of specific genes between species. Teleost fish is the largest group of vertebrate species and can provide valuable insights into the evolution and functional diversity of defensome genes.In this study, we compared the genes comprising the chemical defensome of five fish species that span the teleosteii evolutionary branch often used as model species in toxicological studies and environmental monitoring programs: zebrafish (Danio rerio), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Genome miningrevealed evolved differences in the number and composition of defensome genes that can have implication for how these species sense and respond to environmental pollutants. The results indicate that knowledge regarding the diversity and function of the defensome will be important for toxicological testing and risk assessment studies.
In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol F on Antioxidant System Indicators in the Isolated Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)
Authors: Aykut Handan , Kaptaner Burak 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) has been used frequently in the plastics industry and the production of daily consumer products as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). It was aimed herein to determine the cytotoxic effects of BPF on hepatocytes isolated from the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and antioxidant defence system indicators. The cultured hepatocytes were exposed to seven concentrations (0, 15.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, and 500 µM) of BPF for 24 h. According to the LDH assay, the percentage of cytotoxicity was increased dose dependently in the cells. The malondialdehyde content, which is indicative of lipid peroxidation, was increased significantly at BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, whereas it remained unchanged with a concentration of 500 µM. The activities of superoxide dismutase were increased, while those of catalase were decreased with all of the BPF concentrations. Elevated levels of reduced glutathione content were determined with BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, but decreased significantly with a concentration of 500 µM. Significant increases in the activities of the glutathione peroxidase were found in hepatocytes treated with BPF at concentrations of 31.25 to 500 µM. GST activity was only significantly increased with a BPF concentration of 250 µM. The results showed that the toxic mechanism of BPF was mainly based on cell membrane damage and oxidative stress, which have an influence on antioxidant defences. Therefore, BPF was reconsidered as a safe alternative instead of BPA in the manufacturing of industrial or daily products.