bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Circulatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zawawi Ayat , Naser Abdallah Y. , Alwafi Hassan , Minshawi Faisal 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSARS, MERS, and COVID-19 share similar characteristics. For instance, the genetic homology of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 80% and 50%, respectively, which may cause similar clinical features. Moreover, uncontrolled release of proinflammatory mediators (also called a cytokine storm) by activated immune cells in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 patients leads to severe phenotype development.AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine profile associated with three strains of severe human coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2).MethodThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published until July 2020. Randomized and observational studies reporting the inflammatory cytokines associated with severe and non-severe human coronavirus diseases, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval to estimate the pooled mean of inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsA high level of circulating IL-6 could be associated with the severity of infection of the three coronavirus strains. TNF, IL-10, and IL-8 are associated with the severity of COVID-19. Increased circulating levels of CXCL10/IP10 and CCL2/MCP-1 might also be related to the severity of MERS.ConclusionThis study suggests that the immune response and immunopathology in the three severe human coronavirus strains are somewhat similar. The findings highlight that nearly all studies reporting severe cases of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 have been associated with elevated levels of IL-6. This could be used as a potential therapeutic target to improve patients’ outcomes in severe cases.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration 94 number: CRD42020209931.
The Mean Vertigo Score (MVS) Outcome Scale and Its Use in Clinical Research for Quantifying Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Rahlfs Volker W. , Zimmermann Helmuth 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The Mean Vertigo Score (MVS) is a composite score for defining the burden of disease of patients suffering from vestibular disorders. It has been used in clinical research for about 30 years. This study investigates discriminant validity of the MVS and describes structural relationships of the 12 single criteria used for construction of the MVS.Materials and Methods: The statistical analyses are based on the raw data of an earlier conducted randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which compared the following four randomized treatment groups: a fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate (Arlevert), two groups with only one of the two study drugs, and a group with placebo. The method used for the statistical calculations is the Wei-Lachin procedure, a multivariate generalization of the Mann-Whitney test, which takes into account correlations among the 12 single symptoms of the composite score.Results: All 12 single symptoms of the composite endpoint proved to be useful for detecting differences (Mann-Whitney effect size measures: 0.58–0.73) and thus for discriminating between treatment groups. Their Pearson product-moment correlations are all positive (range 0.07–0.71) and point to the same direction, which indicates one-dimensionality and good internal consistency of the composite index MVS. Furthermore, our statistical calculations revealed that successively increasing the number of single items of the MVS to up to twelve enhances its reliability (R12 = 0.923), which leads to a substantially higher test power and reduction of the number of patients needed (sample size) in a clinical trial.Conclusion: The use of the multivariate Wei-Lachin procedure provides further evidence of the validity of the 12-item composite score MVS, based on the efficacy data of its 12 single vertigo symptoms. The present findings demonstrate that the MVS is a powerful tool, which can be used to adequately describe the patients' self-perceived vertigo complaints, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It may therefore be regarded as a clinically meaningful alternative to other questionnaires that are presently used in vestibular research.
Cardiac Structure and Function Is Associated With Hemispatial Neglect Severity
Authors: Williams Nicole L. , Suarez Adrian , Negoita Serban , Hillis Argye E. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Johansen Michelle C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Hemispatial neglect is a debilitating consequence of right hemispheric ischemic stroke (RIS), with evidence that patient-level factors influence neglect severity. Study objective: Determine if cardiac function is associated with presence and severity of neglect, independent of infarct size.Methods: Two hundred and eighteen non-demented, RIS with cerebral MRI and echocardiography who completed ≥1 of 4 tests evaluating neglect were included. Age- and sex- adjusted Z-scores defined neglect with severity categorized as no neglect, neglect on one or neglect on ≥2 tests. The dependent variable was presence of neglect (multivariable logistic regression), or neglect severity (multinomial logistic regression). The association with left ventricular (LV) structure/function (independent variable) was evaluated using separate nested adjustment models.Results: Patients were on average 61 yo (21–95), female (50%), black (53%), with an ejection fraction of 60% (IQR 20–75%). Fifty eight (27%) had neglect. Each 1 cm increase in LV systolic diameter was associated with a higher relative risk of having neglect on two tests compared to those with no neglect (RRR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.01–3.32), but not after adjusting for education and DWI volume (RRR = 1.68, 95% CI 0.89–3.19). Per 1 cm increase in left atrial (LA) diameter, the relative risk of having neglect on 2 tests vs. no neglect was over two times higher (95% CI 1.04–4.77), but lost significance in the final model (RRR = 1.73, 95% CI 0.76–3.94).Conclusions: We found an association between markers of diastolic dysfunction (enlarging LV, compensatory enlarging LA) and severity of neglect, suggesting that cardiac structure, and function affects not only lesion volume, but also the functional consequences of infarct volume.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Intervals and Outcomes of Repeated Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Zhi-Cheng , Chen Li , Zhong Bin-Yan , Zhu Hai-Dong , Zeng Chu-Hui , Li Rui , Guo Jin-He , He Shi-Cheng , Deng Gang , Zhu Xiao-Li , Ni Cai-Fang , Teng Gao-Jun 
Published: May 2021

PurposeGiven that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted operations globally, an institution’s ability to repeat transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has also been affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 on the intervals and outcomes of TACE in HCC patients.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 154 HCC patients who underwent follow-up after TACE treatment from January 2020 to March 2020 (n = 71, study group) and January 2019 to March 2019 (n = 83, control group) at two institutions in China. The endpoints included the follow-up interval and overall response rate (ORR). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for a worse ORR. The cut-off point was determined to divide follow-up durations into long- and short-intervals.ResultsThe median follow-up interval was 82.0 days (IQR, 61–109) in the study group, which was significantly longer than 66.0 days (IQR, 51–94) in the control group (P = 0.004). The ORR was 23.9 and 39.8% in the study and control group, respectively (P = 0.037). The cut-off value was 95 days. The grouping (OR, 2.402; 95% CI, 1.040–5.546; P = 0.040), long interval (OR, 2.573; 95% CI, 1.022–6.478; P = 0.045), and China liver cancer staging system (OR, 2.500; 95% CI, 1.797–3.480; P &lt;0.001) were independent predictors for the efficacy of TACE treatment.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic causes a longer follow-up interval in general, which may further lead to a lower ORR in HCC patients. Those with a follow-up interval of &gt;95 days tend to have a worse prognosis.
Antibody Format and Serum Disposition Govern Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously Administered Protein Therapeutics
Authors: Shivva Vittal , Boswell C. Andrew , Rafidi Hanine , Kelley Robert F. , Kamath Amrita V. , Crowell Susan R. 
Published: May 2021

Protein therapeutics have witnessed tremendous use and application in recent years in treatment of various diseases. Predicting efficacy and safety during drug discovery and translational development is a key factor for successful clinical development of these therapies. In general, drug related toxicities are predominantly driven by pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure at off-target sites. This work explores the ocular PK of intravenously administered protein therapeutics to understand impact of antibody format on off-site exposure. Species matched non-binding rabbit antibody proteins (rabFab and rabIgG) were intravenously administered to male New Zealand White rabbits at a single 1 mg bolus dose and exposure was measured up to 3 weeks. As anticipated based on absence of FcRn recycling, rabFab has relatively fast systemic PK (CL–943 mL/day and t1/2–1.93 days) compared to rabIgG (CL–18.5 mL/day and t1/2–8.93 days). Similarly, rabFab has lower absolute ocular exposure in ocular compartments (e.g., vitreous and aqueous humor) compared to rabIgG, despite higher relative exposures (measured as percent tissue partition in ocular tissues relative to serum, based on Cmaxand AUC). In general, percent tissue partition based on AUC (in aqueous and vitreous humor) relative to serum exposure were 10.4 and 8.62 for rabFab respectively and 1.11 and 0.64 for rabIgG respectively. This work emphasizes size and format based ocular exposure of intravenously administered protein therapeutics. Findings from this work enable prediction of format based ocular exposure for systemically administered antibody based therapeutics and aid in selection of molecule format for clinical candidate to minimize ocular exposure.
Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Combination with Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker in Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Dose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Wang Rumeng , Yu Yi , Chang Meiying , Ma Sijia , Zhang Hanwen , Qu Hua , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the controversy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in combination with angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on dose.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to March 2020. The random effects model was used to calculate the effect sizes. Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using sensitivity analysis and meta-regression.Results: This meta-analysis of 53 RCTs with 6,375 patients demonstrated that in patients with CKD, ACEI in combination with ARB was superior to low-dose ACEI or ARB in reducing urine albumin excretion (SMD, −0.43; 95% CI, −0.67 to −0.19; p = 0.001), urine protein excretion (SMD, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.33 to −0.11; p &lt; 0.001), and blood pressure (BP), including systolic BP (WMD, −2.89; 95% CI, −3.88 to −1.89; p &lt; 0.001) and diastolic BP (WMD, −3.02; 95% CI, −4.46 to −1.58; p &lt; 0.001). However, it was associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (SMD, −0.13; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.02; p = 0.02) and increased rates of hyperkalemia (RR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.55 to 2.76; p &lt; 0.001) and hypotension (RR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.35 to 3.54; p = 0.001). ACEI in combination with ARB was more effective than high-dose ACEI or ARB in reducing urine albumin excretion (SMD, −0.84; 95% CI, −1.26 to −0.43; p &lt; 0.001) and urine protein excretion (SMD, −0.24; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.09; p = 0.002), without decrease in GFR (SMD, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.15; p = 0.78) and increase in rate of hyperkalemia (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.37; p = 0.76). Nonetheless, the combination did not decrease the BP and increased the rate of hypotension (RR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.13 to 13.84; p = 0.03) compared with high-dose ACEI or ARB.Conclusion: ACEI in combination with ARB is superior in reducing urine albumin excretion and urine protein excretion. The combination is more effective than high-dose ACEI or ARB without decreasing GFR and increasing the incidence of hyperkalemia. Despite the risk of hypotension, ACEI in combination with ARB is a better choice for CKD patients who need to increase the dose of ACEI or ARB (PROSPERO CRD42020179398).
Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Adherence to Treatment With Immunomodulators in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Silveira Lívia Pena , Menezes de Pádua Cristiane Aparecida , Drummond Paula Lana de Miranda , Malta Jéssica Soares , Marques dos Santos Roberta Márcia , Costa Naiane Lima , Machado Taísa Roberta Lopes , Reis Adriano Max Moreira 
Published: May 2021

Background: Validate the Treatment Adherence Measure (TAM) instrument in outpatients with MM concerning construct validity, reliability and the ceiling and floor effects.Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with MM previously treated with an immunomodulator for at least one month, aged 18 or over, and followed-up in the investigated outpatient clinics. Adherence to immunomodulators was measured by TAM. The TAM’s reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha; The association between adherence and health-related quality of life was investigated to analyze the divergent and convergent construct, measured by the Quality of Life Questionnaire core (QLQ-C30) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire Multiple Myeloma module (QLQ-MY20). The presence of a ceiling or floor effect in the TAM was also analyzed.Results: Eighty-four patients were included in the study, achieving 97.6% adherence. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.41, and the hypothesis of convergent construct validity was confirmed, with statistical significance, in contrast to the hypothesis of divergent construct validity. The presence of the ceiling effect in TAM suggested that this instrument does not allow changes to be detected in individuals concerning adherence to IMiDs.Conclusion: TAM instrument did not show satisfactory validity and reliability to measure MM’s adherence. MM patients treated at oncohematological outpatient clinics in a metropolitan region of southeastern Brazil showed high adherence to IMiDs.
Entre Cinema e Antropologia: parentesco e animismo em “Midsommar”, de Ari Aster
Authors: Siqueira Machado Rafael , Luchi Coutinho Bove Adrielle 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo se objetiva em aproximar o cinema da antropologia através do filme Midsommar (2019) de Ari Aster na forma de uma afinidade eletiva, para citar o termo weberiano. A defesa feita aqui é a possibilidade de tratar Midsommar como um material capaz de incitar e retomar diversas problematizações antropológicas acerca do parentesco e animismo na forma de um filme. Reconhece-se aqui que tal proximidade é virtual e constituída a partir da presente reflexão ao tratar o filme como material etnográfico passível de análise, ainda que a referência à antropologia se dê em alguns momentos por intermédio de dois personagens identificados como antropólogos. Ao apresentar a reflexão sobre o parentesco, as questões aqui tangenciadas remetem-se aos temas do parentesco americano, construção e comparação das noções de incesto e a ideia de mutualidade do ser como elemento central no filme. Já sobre o animismo, este é apresentado tanto como elemento intrinsecamente ligado à questão do parentesco e como um posicionamento ético com implicações comportamentais fundadas em princípios e noções com implicações ontológicas.
Qual o sentido da escola? Reflexões bourdieusianas a partir de uma pesquisa sobre jovens bolsistas no Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Barboza Machado Pedro Henrique , Zarucki Sara 
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo apresentaremos uma pesquisa realizada com seis jovens de camadas populares que, através de bolsas de estudos, cursaram a etapa do ensino médio em duas escolas privadas no bairro da Tijuca, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tal estudo valeu-se de importantes reflexões bourdieusianas, como as discussões feitas sobre os conceitos de “excluídos do interior”, “capital cultural” e “capital social”. Para cumprir tal proposta, o escrito apresenta a pesquisa em linhas gerais e localiza-a dentro de fenômenos sociais mais amplos pelos quais a sociedade brasileira atravessa. A partir disto, importantes achados da pesquisa são destacados, como o valor conferido à experiência escolar e as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos jovens para obterem êxito em suas trajetórias. Por fim, o presente trabalho apontará caminhos para pensarmos as potencialidades e outros custos subjetivos embutidos na experiência dos bolsistas, na tentativa de conduzirem suas trajetórias educacionais frente às possibilidades de pertencimento a um grupo social.
İDARİ USULDE RESEN ARAŞTIRMA İLKESİ VE SUÇSUZLUK KARİNESİ: TÜRKİYE İNSAN HAKLARI VE EŞİTLİK KURUMUNUN AYRIMCILIK YASAĞININ İHLALİ İNCELEMESİNDE İSPAT YÜKÜ ÖZELİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: UÇAR İsmail , TÜRE Gökhan 
Published: May 2021

Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Kanunu’nun “İspat yükü” başlıklı 21’inci maddesine göre; “Münhasıran ayrımcılık yasağının ihlali dolayısıyla Kuruma yapılan başvurularda, başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde, karşı tarafın ayrımcılık yasağını ve eşit muamele ilkesini ihlal etmediğini ispat etmesi gerekir.” Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu idari faaliyet yürüttüğünden, söz konusu hükmün idari usul ilke ve kurallarına göre yorumlanması gerekir. Öncelikle emare, karine, ispat yükü gibi özel hukuka ait kavramların, idari usulde farklı bir kimliğe bürünmesi mümkündür. İdari usulde resen araştırma ilkesi geçerli olduğundan, ilgililerin ispat yükünden söz edilmez. İdare maddi gerçeğe ulaşmak için gerekli inceleme ve araştırmaları kendiliğinden yapar.
İdari yaptırımlarda suçsuzluk karinesi geçerlidir. İdari suçlar bakımından da ceza hukukunda olduğu gibi, bir kimsenin en azından suçluluğundan emin olunmadan cezalandırılmaması gerekmektedir. Suçsuzluk karinesine birtakım istisnaların getirilmesi mümkün olsa da başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde ispat yükünün tümüyle karşı tarafa geçtiğini ve idarenin resen araştırma yükümlülüğünün sona erdiğini söylemek mümkün değildir. Zira ispat yükünün paylaştırılması ve ayrımcılığın ispatının kolaylaştırılması için suçsuzluk karinesine getirilen bu istisnanın katı bir şekilde uygulanması suçsuzluk karinesini tümüyle ortadan kaldıracak ve anlamsız hale getirecektir. Bu sebeple başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde ispat yükünün tümüyle karşı tarafa geçtiğinden değil; idarenin ispat yükünün hafiflediğinden bahsetmek gerekir.
Diskursus Hukum Kodrat dan Problem Pascamodernitas
Authors: Valerian Hizkia Fredo 
Published: May 2021

Abstrak
Tulisan ini membahas persoalan diskursus Hukum Kodrat dalam dinamika konteks Pascamodernitas. Hal ini merupakan satu pokok penting baik secara filosofis maupun praktis, ketika kita berkaca dari polemik dan perdebatan yang selalu terjadi di seputar dasar legitimasi hukum dan makna kebenaran. Di sinilah gagasan tentang hukum kodrat masih menjadi hal yang penting untuk memotret ketegangan antara sikap anti-hukum dan pluralitas makna. Dengan menilik kembali problem yang khas dari konteks pascamodern sebagai latar, pembicaraan tentang hukum kodrat tidak bisa dibatasi hanya pada aspek formal-legal. Melainkan melangkah lebih jauh untuk membangun sikap terbuka pada berbagai diskursus dan usaha-usaha reinterpretasi yang beragam tentang makna kebenaran dan keadilan.
Kata-kata Kunci: Pascamodernitas, Hukum Kodrat, Diskursus, Makna.
Abstract
This article discussing on the problem of Natural Law discourse in the dynamic context of Posmodernity. There is a important matter, both philosophically and practically, when we look at the polemic and the dispute around the legitimacy foundation of law and the meaning of truth. In there, the thought about natural law still be an important issue to picturing the tention between the antinomian attitude and the plurality of meaning. By looking at the typical problem of postmodern context, the discourse about natural law can not be restricted just on the formal-legal aspect. But, step over, fartherly to build the open attitude to the discourses and the plural reinterpretation efforts on the meaning of truth and justice.
Polemik Antara Original Event dan Original Purpose dalam Liturgi: Spiritualitas Liturgi Ekaristi dalam Perspektif Sejarah Liturgi dan Kitab Suci
Authors: Manik Robert Pius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the basic character of the Roman liturgy and examines what the original Roman liturgical rite is that can serve as a standard for the Roman liturgical rites. Discussion about the authenticity of the Roman rites often lead to endless debate and create difficulties in practical matters when some of the rites are applied to liturgical celebrations. The analysis of the authenticity of the Roman rite in this paper will be based on the views of Edmund Bishop, an English liturgical historian. Besides using a historical approach, this article will also use a biblical study approach in exploring the basic characteristics of the Catholic liturgy, especially the Eucharist, so that a celebration of the Eucharistic liturgy can be said to be good. The views of several exegetes such as Brevard S. Childs (Old Testament) and Joachim Jeremias and Xavier Leon-Dufour (New Testament) will be used to analyze the biblical texts, especially regarding the story of the celebration of the Jewish Passover, Exodus and the story of the Last Supper in connection with the Eucharist. And, of course the opinions of contemporary liturgical historians such as Paul F. Bradshaw and John Maxwell are also very important here in order to discover the relevance of this study today.
Key Words:
Original, Eucharist, Exodus, Liturgy, Passover, Covenant, Rite, Brevard S. Childs