bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau aggregation and its relation to selected forms of neuronal cell death
Authors: Tolkovsky Aviva M. , Spillantini Maria Grazia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
How neurons die in neurodegenerative diseases is still unknown. The distinction between apoptosis as a genetically controlled mechanism, and necrosis, which was viewed as an unregulated process, has blurred with the ever-increasing number of necrotic-like death subroutines underpinned by genetically defined pathways. It is therefore pertinent to ask whether any of them apply to neuronal cell death in tauopathies. Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent tauopathy, tauopathies comprise an array of over 30 diseases in which the cytoplasmic protein tau aggregates in neurons, and also, in some diseases, in glia. Animal models have sought to distil the contribution of tau aggregation to the cell death process but despite intensive research, no one mechanism of cell death has been unequivocally defined. The process of tau aggregation, and the fibrillar structures that form, touch on so many cellular functions that there is unlikely to be a simple linear pathway of death; as one is blocked another is likely to take the lead. It is timely to ask how far we have advanced into defining whether any of the molecular players in the new death subroutines participate in the death process. Here we briefly review the currently known cell death routines and explore what is known about their participation in tau aggregation-related cell death. We highlight the involvement of cell autonomous and the more recent non-cell autonomous pathways that may enhance tau-aggregate toxicity, and discuss recent findings that implicate microglial phagocytosis of live neurons with tau aggregates as a mechanism of death.
Noise Exposure and Use of Hearing Protection Among Adolescents in Rural Areas
Authors: Reel Leigh Ann , Hicks Candace Bourland , Arnold Courtney 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been found in rural children, potentially due to occupational and recreational noise exposure without consistent use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). However, questions remain regarding the specifics of rural adolescents' noise exposure and use of hearing protection around different types of noise. As such, the purpose of the current study was to provide preliminary results on rural adolescents' noise exposure and use of hearing protection for gunfire, heavy machinery, power tools, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and music.

Method:
A questionnaire was administered to 197 students (seventh to 12th grade) from rural schools in West Texas. Questions were related to noise exposure and use of HPDs for specific categories of noise. Testing was performed at the schools, with an investigator recording each student's responses.

Results:
Approximately 18%–44% of adolescents reported exposure 12 or more times a year to gunfire, heavy machinery, power tools, and ATVs. Only 1%–18% of the adolescents reported never being exposed to such noise sources. Almost half of rural adolescents never used hearing protection around gunfire, and 77%–91% reported never wearing hearing protection when exposed to heavy machinery, power tools, and ATVs.

Conclusions:
The current study revealed that rural adolescents are exposed to noise sources that could damage their hearing. However, the majority of rural adolescents do not consistently wear hearing protection. Additional research is now needed to extend these findings by assessing rural adolescents' duration of exposure to different noise sources, in addition to investigating prevention of NIHL in this population.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17139335
A joint clutter suppression method based on robust principal component analysis and total variation denoising
Authors: Xu Bangzhen , Lu Xingyu , GU Hong , Su Weimin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the scene of ground moving target detection, the target echo information is often corrupted by strong clutter. In this letter, a joint clutter suppression algorithm is proposed based on robust principal component analysis and total variation denoising for pulse Doppler radar. The novel method named total variation‐ robust principal component analysis replaces the l1‐norm in robust principal component analysis algorithm with a total variation seminorm. Total variation robust principal component analysis retains the clutter suppression ability of robust principal component analysis, and effectively separates the target from the noise in range‐Doppler domain.
Structural parameters of 389 local open clusters
Authors: Tarricq Y. , Soubiran C. , Casamiquela L. , Castro-Ginard A. , Olivares J. , Miret-Roig N. , Galli P. A. B. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The distribution of member stars in the surroundings of an open cluster (OC) can shed light on the process of its formation, evolution, and dissolution. The analysis of structural parameters of OCs as a function of their age and position in the Galaxy constrains theoretical models of cluster evolution. TheGaiacatalog is very appropriate for finding members of OCs at large distance from their centers.Aims.We revisit the membership lists of OCs from the solar vicinity, in particular, by extending these membership lists to the peripheral areas throughGaiaEDR3. We then take advantage of these new member lists to study the morphological properties and the mass segregation levels of the clusters.Methods.We used the clustering algorithm HDBSCAN onGaiaparallaxes and proper motions to systematically search for members up to 50 pc from the cluster centers. We fit a King’s function on the radial density profile of these clusters and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) on their two-dimensional member distribution to study their shape. We also evaluated the degree of mass segregation of the clusters and the correlations of these parameters with the age and Galactic position of the clusters.Results.Our method performs well on 389 clusters out of the 467 clusters we selected, including several recently discovered clusters that were poorly studied until now. We report the detection of vast coronae around almost all the clusters and report the detection of 71 OCs with tidal tails. This multiplies the number of these structures that are identified by more than four. The size of the cores is smaller for old clusters than for young ones on average. Moreover, the overall size of the clusters seems to increase slightly with age, but the fraction of stars in the halo seems to decrease. As expected, the mass segregation is more pronounced in the oldest clusters, but no clear trend with age is evident.Conclusions.OCs are more extended than previously expected, regardless of their age. The decrease in the proportion of stars populating the clusters halos highlights the different cluster evaporation processes and the short timescales they need to affect the clusters. Reported parameters such as cluster sizes or mass segregation levels all depend on cluster ages, but cannot be described as single functions of time.
An analytical model for dust impact voltage signals and its application to STEREO/WAVES data
Authors: Rackovic Babic K. , Zaslavsky A. , Issautier K. , Meyer-Vernet N. , Onic D. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Dust impacts have been observed using radio and wave instruments onboard spacecraft since the 1980s. Voltage waveforms show typical impulsive signals generated by dust grains.
Aims. We aim at developing models of how signals are generated to be able to link observed electric signals to the physical properties of the impacting dust. To validate the model, we use the Time Domain Sampler (TDS) subsystem of the STEREO/WAVES instrument which generates high-cadence time series of voltage pulses for each monopole.
Methods. We propose a new model that takes impact-ionization-charge collection and electrostatic-influence effects into account. It is an analytical expression for the pulse and allows us to measure the of amount of the total ion charge, Q, the fraction of escaping charge, ϵ, the rise timescale, τi, and the relaxation timescale, τsc. The model is simple and convenient for massive data fitting. To check our model’s accuracy, we collected all the dust events detected by STEREO/WAVES/TDS simultaneously on all three monopoles at 1AU since the beginning of the STEREO mission in 2007.
Results. Our study confirms that the rise time largely exceeds the spacecraft’s short timescale of electron collection. Our estimated rise time value allows us to determine the propagation speed of the ion cloud, which is the first time that this information has been derived from space data. Our model also makes it possible to determine properties associated with the electron dynamics, in particular the order of magnitude of the electron escape current. The obtained value gives us an estimate of the cloud’s electron temperature – a result that, as far as we know, has never been obtained before except in laboratory experiments. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the total cloud charge and the escaping charge allows us to estimate the escaping current from the amplitude of the precursor, a result that could be interesting for the study of the pulses recently observed in the magnetic waveforms of Solar Orbiter or Parker Solar Probe, for which the electric waveform is saturated.
Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fractures: Outcome-influencing Factors
Authors: Pereira Catarina , Ribau Ana , Barbosa Tiago , Rodrigues Filipe , Catelas Diogo , Neves Pedro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Fifth metacarpal neck fractures are extremely common, but there is still no consensus regarding the ideal course of treatment.Volar angulation and shortening are decisive factors; however, there is still controversy about the cut-off values that translate into worse clinical results.The present study aims to answer these questions in order to provide additional data to aid in the clinical practice and decision making.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study evaluated patients with fifth metacarpal fractures treated between 2013 and 2018. A total of 133 patients were included, with an average follow-up of 2 months. Surgery was performed in 21 patients, and 112 were treated conservatively. The radiological assessment of volar anguation and shortening was based in the first and last radiographs of the follow-up. The patients were contacted and submited to a questionnaire that included the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score and subjective evaluations of pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), hand strength, stiffness and finger mobility, and cosmetic result.
Results Surgery was more successful in reducing angulation than the conservative treatment, achieving more anatomic final values for angulation and shortening (p < 0.05). On the other hand, surgery seems to be associated with a higher notion of limited finger mobility (p = 0.02).Among patients treated conservatively, inicial angulations > 60° and final angulations > 50° were associated with worse cosmetic results (p = 0,039). Final shortening > 4 mm translated into a higher notion of stiffness and limited finger mobility (p = 0.034).More advanced age showed a correlation with higher scores on the VAS (p = 0.023) and QuickDASH (p < 0,001). Female patients (p = 0.02) were also associated with higher VAS scores. The overall satisfaction rate was of 97%.
Conclusion Although globally the functional outcome of these fractures is very good, the present study reports several factors that should be considered when treating fifth metacarpal neck fractures.
Mental health changes and the willingness to take risks
Authors: Li Lu , Richter Andreas , Steinorth Petra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUtilizing the longitudinal SOEP data representative of the German population, we find that mental health shocks significantly decrease the willingness to take risks. We also find that mental health improvements increase the willingness to take risks significantly. Our findings are relevant for better understanding the economic decision making of the large number of individuals with mental health issues.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on HR practices in the UAE
Authors: Singh Abhilasha , Shaurya Apurva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSocial trends and information technology are creating pressure, resulting in organizations being forced to update and recreate themselves. Against this backdrop there is an increasing trend to adopt artificial intelligence technologies. This study aims to explore and investigate the effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Human Resources (HR) practices in UAE companies with the help of mixed-method design. A mixed-method design was applied to explore and test the research questions. Semi-structured interviews and survey were conducted, respectively for both the study designs. AI and HR personnel were approached as sample participants for this study. Thematic analysis and PLS-SEM (Partial least squares path modeling) were used to analyze the data, respectively. Positive and significant effects of planned training and development process (0.231→0.021), tactical performance appraisal and integration of AI (0.719→0.000), and integration of AI and efficient HR practices (0.204→0.131) were shown. The moderating role of ease of use on integration of AI and efficient HR practices was negative and insignificant. AI plays an essential role in shifting the HR functions to enter the digitization era. The types of businesses and abilities require some activities such as training and development due to the increased use of technology.
The risks of invisibilization of populations and places in environment-migration research
Authors: Borderon Marion , Best Kelsea B. , Bailey Karen , Hopping Doug L. , Dove Mackenzie , Cervantes de Blois Chelsea L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen an increase in the use of secondary data in climate adaptation research. While these valuable datasets have proven to be powerful tools for studying the relationships between people and their environment, they also introduce unique oversights and forms of invisibility, which have the potential to become endemic in the climate adaptation literature. This is especially dangerous as it has the potential to introduce a double exposure where the individuals and groups most likely to be invisible to climate adaptation research using secondary datasets are also the most vulnerable to climate change. Building on significant literature on invisibility in survey data focused on hard-to-reach and under-sampled populations, we expand the idea of invisibility to all stages of the research process. We argue that invisibility goes beyond a need for more data. The production of invisibility is an active process in which vulnerable individuals and their experiences are made invisible during distinct phases of the research process and constitutes an injustice. We draw on examples from the specific subfield of environmental change and migration to show how projects using secondary data can produce novel forms of invisibility at each step of the project conception, design, and execution. In doing so, we hope to provide a framework for writing people, groups, and communities back into projects that use secondary data and help researchers and policymakers incorporate individuals into more equitable climate planning scenarios that “leave no one behind.”
An improved deep learning-based algorithm for 3D reconstruction of vacuum arcs
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Pan Yangbo , Zhang Wei , Li Haomin , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Sun Liqiong 
Published: December 2021

Extensive attempts have been made to enable the application of deep learning to 3D plasma reconstruction. However, due to the limitation on the number of available training samples, deep learning-based methods have insufficient generalization ability compared to the traditional iterative methods. This paper proposes an improved algorithm named convolutional neural network-maximum likelihood expectation maximization-split-Bergman (CNN-MLEM-SB) based on the combination of the deep learning CNN and an iterative algorithm known as MLEM-SB. This method uses the prediction result of a CNN as the initial value and then corrects it using the MLEM-SB to obtain the final results. The proposed method is verified experimentally by reconstructing two types of vacuum arcs with and without transverse magnetic field (TMF) control. In addition, the CNN and the proposed algorithm are compared with respect to accuracy and generalization ability. The results show that the CNN can effectively reconstruct the arcs between a pair of disk contacts, which has specific distribution patterns: its structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) can reach 0.952. However, the SSIM decreases to 0.868 for the arc between a pair of TMF contacts, which is controlled by the TMF and has complex distribution patterns. Compared with the CNN reconstruction method, the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher reconstruction accuracy for any arc shape. Compared with the iterative algorithm, the proposed algorithm’s reconstruction efficiency is higher by 38.24% and 35.36% for the vacuum arc between the disk and the TMF contacts, respectively.
Genomic basis of fishing-associated selection varies with population density
Authors: Crespel Amélie , Schneider Kevin , Miller Toby , Rácz Anita , Jacobs Arne , Lindström Jan , Elmer Kathryn R. , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Fisheries-associated selection is recognized as one of the strongest potential human drivers of contemporary evolution in natural populations. The results of this study show that while simulated commercial fishing techniques consistently remove fish with traits associated with growth, metabolism, and social behavior, the specific genes under fishing selection differ depending on the density of the targeted population. This finding suggests that different fish populations of varying sizes will respond differently to fishing selection at the genetic level. Furthermore, as a population is fished over time, the genes under selection may change as the population diminishes. This could have repercussions on population resilience. This study highlights the importance of selection but also environmental and density effects on harvested fish populations.
Competitive dynamics underlie cognitive improvements during sleep
Authors: Chen Pin-Chun , Niknazar Hamid , Alaynick William A. , Whitehurst Lauren N. , Mednick Sara C. 
Published: December 2021

Significant
Sleep facilitates both long-term episodic memory consolidation and short-term working memory functioning. However, the mechanism by which the sleeping brain performs both complex feats and which sleep features are associated with these processes remain unclear. Using a pharmacological approach, we demonstrate that long-term and working memory are served by distinct offline neural mechanisms and that these mechanisms are mutually antagonistic. We propose a sleep switch model in which the brain toggles between the two memory processes via a complex interaction at the synaptic, systems, and mechanistic level with implications for research on cognitive disturbances observed in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's disease, both of which involve the decline of sleep.
Historical redlining and cardiovascular health: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mujahid Mahasin S. , Gao Xing , Tabb Loni P. , Morris Colleen , Lewis Tené T. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
How structural racism contributes to the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease risk on minoritized groups in the United States is understudied. This study examined the impact of historical redlining, a government-sanctioned and racially discriminatory policy, and present-day cardiovascular health (CVH). Results suggested that living in historically redlined neighborhoods was associated with CVH only among Black participants and that within this group, living in a neighborhood with better social environment quality weakened but did not fully attenuate this association. These findings suggest that, similar to the institution of slavery, redlining is one manifestation of structural racism that drives health outcomes today. This work underscores the necessity to investigate structural racism as a root cause of racial/ethnic health inequities.
The US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey: Continuous real-time measurement of COVID-19 symptoms, risks, protective behaviors, testing, and vaccination
Authors: Salomon Joshua A. , Reinhart Alex , Bilinski Alyssa , Chua Eu Jing , La Motte-Kerr Wichada , Rönn Minttu M. , Reitsma Marissa B. , Morris Katherine A. , LaRocca Sarah , Farag Tamer H. , Kreuter Frauke , Rosenfeld Roni , Tibshirani Ryan J. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (CTIS) has operated continuously since April 6, 2020, collecting over 20 million responses. As the largest public health survey conducted in the United States to date, CTIS was designed to facilitate detailed demographic and geographic analyses, track trends over time, and accommodate rapid revision to address emerging priorities. Using examples of CTIS results illuminating trends in symptoms, risks, mitigating behaviors, testing, and vaccination in relation to evolving high-priority policy questions over 12 mo of the pandemic, we illustrate the value of online surveys for tracking patterns and trends in COVID outcomes as an adjunct to official reporting, and showcase unique insights that would not be visible through traditional public health reporting.
High-impact rare genetic variants in severe schizophrenia
Authors: Zoghbi Anthony W. , Dhindsa Ryan S. , Goldberg Terry E. , Mehralizade Aydan , Motelow Joshua E. , Wang Xinchen , Alkelai Anna , Harms Matthew B. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Markx Sander , Goldstein David B. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceIn this study, we found that selecting individuals with extremely severe forms of schizophrenia led to a significantly improved ability to detect disease-associated rare variants. The high prevalence of rare variant risk factors in individuals with severe, extremely treatment-resistant schizophrenia suggests future clinical opportunities for risk prediction, prognostic stratification, and genetic counseling. These findings have implications for the design of future genetic studies in schizophrenia and highlight a strategy to reduce phenotypic heterogeneity and improve gene discovery efforts in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Fractalkine-induced microglial vasoregulation occurs within the retina and is altered early in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Mills Samuel A. , Jobling Andrew I. , Dixon Michael A. , Bui Bang V. , Vessey Kirstan A. , Phipps Joanna A. , Greferath Ursula , Venables Gene , Wong Vickie H. Y. , Wong Connie H. Y. , He Zheng , Hui Flora , Young James C. , Tonc Josh , Ivanova Elena , Sagdullaev Botir T. , Fletcher Erica L. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
This work identifies a role for microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, in the local control of the retinal vasculature and identifies deficits early in diabetes. Microglia contact neurons and vasculature and express several vasoactive agents. Activation of microglial fractalkine-Cx3cr1 signaling leads to capillary constriction and blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with candesartan abolishes microglial-mediated vasoconstriction in the retina. In early diabetes, reduced retinal blood flow is coincident with capillary constriction, increased microglial–vessel association, loss of microglial–capillary regulation, and altered microglial expression of the RAS pathway. While candesartan restores retinal capillary diameter early in diabetes, targeting of microglial–vascular regulation is required to prevent coincident dilation of large retinal vessels and reduced retinal blood flow.