bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory routing methods for an on-demand ridepooling mobility system
Authors: Fielbaum Andres , Kronmueller Maximilian , Alonso-Mora Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn-demand mobility systems in which passengers use the same vehicle simultaneously are a promising transport mode, yet difficult to control. One of the most relevant challenges relates to the spatial imbalances of the demand, which induce a mismatch between the position of the vehicles and the origins of the emerging requests. Most ridepooling models face this problem through rebalancing methods only, i.e., moving idle vehicles towards areas with high rejections rate, which is done independently from routing and vehicle-to-orders assignments, so that vehicles serving passengers (a large portion of the total fleet) remain unaffected. This paper introduces two types of techniques for anticipatory routing that affect how vehicles are assigned to users and how to route vehicles to serve such users, so that the whole operation of the system is modified to reach more efficient states for future requests. Both techniques do not require any assumption or exogenous knowledge about the future demand, as they depend only on current and recent requests. Firstly, we introduce rewards that reduce the cost of an assignment between a vehicle and a group of passengers if the vehicle gets routed towards a high-demand zone. Secondly, we include a small set of artificial requests, whose request times are in the near future and whose origins are sampled from a probability distribution that mimics observed generation rates. These artificial requests are to be assigned together with the real requests. We propose, formally discuss and experimentally evaluate several formulations for both approaches. We test these techniques in combination with a state-of-the-art trip-vehicle assignment method, using a set of real rides from Manhattan. Introducing rewards can diminish the rejection rate to about nine-tenths of its original value. On the other hand, including future requests can reduce users’ traveling times by about one-fifth, but increasing rejections. Both methods increase the vehicles-hour-traveled by about 10%. Spatial analysis reveals that vehicles are indeed moved towards the most demanded areas, such that the reduction in rejections rate is achieved mostly there.
Parallel multi-objective optimization approaches for protein encoding
Authors: Gonzalez-Sanchez Belen , Vega-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Santander-Jiménez Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the main challenges in synthetic biology lies in maximizing the expression levels of a protein by encoding it with multiple copies of the same gene. This task is often conducted under conflicting evaluation criteria, which motivates the formulation of protein encoding as a multi-objective optimization problem. Recent research reported significant results when adapting the artificial bee colony algorithm to address this problem. However, the length of proteins and the number of copies have a noticeable impact in the computational costs required to attain satisfying solutions. This work is aimed at proposing parallel bioinspired designs to tackle protein encoding in multiprocessor systems, considering different thread orchestration schemes to accelerate the optimization process while preserving the quality of results. Comparisons of solution quality with other approaches under three multi-objective quality metrics show that the proposed parallel method reaches significant quality in the encoded proteins. In addition, experimentation on six real-world proteins gives account of the benefits of applying asynchronous shared-memory schemes, attaining efficiencies of 92.11% in the most difficult stages of the algorithm and mean speedups of 33.28x on a 64-core server-grade system.
Effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer Capreolus capreolus L.
Authors: Cygan-Szczegielniak Dorota , Stasiak Karolina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). In addition, correlations between heavy metals in individual tested matrices were studied as well as an attempt was made to explain the reasons for their accumulation in specific research matrices. The levels of Zn and Cu were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). In the own research, sex-related statistically significant differences in concentrations of analysed elements were confirmed. Higher levels of the elements were observed in samples collected from does (except for Cd in the liver samples of 6–7-month-old male fawns) but only in some cases, these values were statistically significantly higher. In some cases, age-related differences in the content of individual metals were also confirmed. Age-dependent increased Pb levels in the muscle and liver were reported in 6–7-month-old, <3–4-year-old, <5–6-year-old males. Similar relationships were confirmed for Zn in the bucks’ muscles. In the group of does, the increase in heavy metal concentrations with aging was observed for Zn in the muscle and for Pb in the liver. In the other cases, the trend of age-related level changes regarding heavy metals was not clearly demonstrated. Significant positive correlations between Cu and Cd were found for all samples, and significant negative correlations of Cu with Pb were found for the hair and liver. There was a negative correlation of Zn with Cu in all matrices. The study also revealed a negative correlation between Zn and Pb in muscle and a strong significant negative correlation between Zn and Cd in hair and in the liver.
Parametrizing the genioplasty: a biomechanical virtual study on soft tissue behavior
Authors: Ruggiero F. , Badiali G. , Bevini M. , Marchetti C. , Ong J. , Bolognesi F. , Schievano S. , Dunaway D. , Bianchi A. , Borghi A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sliding genioplasty is used to surgically correct a retruded or misaligned chin: in this procedure, an osteotomy is performed and the bony segment is repositioned. In this study we investigate the effect of surgical parameters (bony segment movement, osteotomy design) on postop soft tissue changes in a patient cohort.

Methods
Seven patients were retrospectively recruited. Cone beam computed tomography data were obtained and soft tissue and bone shape reconstructions were performed. 3D models were created and surgical cuts were replicated according to postop scans. Each model was imported in ANSYS 2019R1 (Ansys Inc, USA) for simulation: the effect of variation in osteotomy plane as well as extent of bony segment movement were assessed by means of design of experiment: surgical parameters were varied in a surgically acceptable range and the soft tissue predictions were evaluated as displacement output of five craniometric landmarks.

Results
Simulation results show the overall changes of the lower third of the face are sensitive to changes in horizontal and vertical displacement of the bony segment as well as segment rotation. No significant changes in the soft tissue response were to attribute to the osteotomy design.

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with experimental findings reported in the literature: when planning genioplasty in orthognathic surgery, particular focus on the segment movement (horizontal translation, vertical translation and rotation), rather than on the design of the osteotomy itself, should be considered.
Subtraction iodine imaging with area detector CT to improve tumor delineation and measurability of tumor size and depth of invasion in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hiyama Takashi , Kuno Hirofumi , Sekiya Kotaro , Tsushima So , Oda Shioto , Kobayashi Tatsushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor size and depth of invasion (DOI) are mandatory assessments for tumor classification in tongue cancer but are often non-assessable on CT due to dental artifacts. This study investigated whether subtraction iodine imaging (SII) would improve tumor delineation and measurability.

Materials and methods
Fifty-seven consecutive patients with tongue cancer, who underwent scanning with a 320-row area detector CT with contrast administration and were treated with surgical resection, were retrospectively evaluated. CT was reconstructed with single-energy projection-based metallic artifact reduction (sCT). SII was generated by subtracting the pre-contrast volume scans from the post-contrast volume scans using a high-resolution deformable registration algorithm. MRI scans were also evaluated for comparing the ability of measurements. Two radiologists visually graded the tumor delineation using a 5-point scale. Tumor size and DOI were measured wherever possible. The tumor delineation score was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank method. Spearman’s correlations between imaging and pathological measurements were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients of measurements between readers were estimated.

Results
The tumor delineation score was greater on sCT-plus-SII than on sCT alone (medians: 3 and 1, respectively; p < 0.001), with higher number of detectable cases observed with sCT-plus-SII (36/57 [63.2%]) than sCT alone (21/57 [36.8%]). Tumor size and DOI measurability were higher with sCT-plus-SII (29/57 [50.9%]) than with sCT alone (17/57 [29.8%]). MRI had the highest detectability (52/57 [91.2%]) and measurability (46/57 [80.7%]). Correlation coefficients between radiological and pathological tumor size and DOI were similar for sCT (0.83–0.88), sCT-plus-SII (0.78–0.84), and MRI (0.78–0.90). Intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.95 for each modality.

Conclusions
SII improves detectability and measurability of tumor size and DOI in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, thus increasing the diagnostic potential. SII may also be beneficial for cases unevaluable on MRI due to artifacts or for patients with contraindications to MRI.
On the origins of the demographic transition: rethinking the European marriage pattern
Authors: Perrin Faustine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhy did France experience the demographic transition first? This question remains one of the greatest puzzles of economics, demography, and economic history. The French pattern is hard to reconcile with elucidations of the process as found in other countries. The present analysis goes back to the roots of the process and offers novel ways of explaining why people started to control their fertility in France and how they did so. In this paper, I track the evolution of marriage patterns to a point before the premises of the demographic transition. I identify two distinct phases. Next, I rely on exploratory methods to classify French counties based on their discriminatory features. Five profiles emerge. I discuss these profiles through the lens of the French Revolution, one of the greatest events that ever occurred in French history, which irretrievably altered its society. In particular, the results show that the fertility transition was not as linear, but more complex than previous research had argued. They show the importance of accounting for cultural factors and for individuals’ predispositions to adapt more or less quickly to societal changes. Yet cultural factors are not all. They can help to explain the timing of the transition and the choice of methods used to control fertility, but modernity and gender equality are also needed to describe the mechanisms in play behind the process.
Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in combination with omega-3 on inflammation, satiety hormones, body composition, and metabolic markers. A pilot study in class I obese subjects
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Perna Simone , Ilyas Zahra , Peroni Gabriella , Bazire Philip , Sajuox Ignacio , Maugeri Roberto , Nichetti Mara , Gasparri Clara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation (VLCKD diet only lasted for some weeks, and it was followed by a non-ketogenic LCD for the rest of the study period) on body composition, visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers.

Methods
It has been performed a pilot open label study lasted 90 days, in a cohort of 12 women with class I obesity aged 18 to 65 years. Data on body composition (evaluated by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry—DXA), visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers were recorded.

Results
This study showed a body weight reduction mean difference over time of −13.7 kg and the waist circumference mean difference decrease of −13.3 cm. Also, the fat mass (FM) decreased—9.1 kg and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—0.41 kg. No effects on fat-free mass (FFM) have been reported. Improvements were observed in the satiety hormones, with increased ghrelin and decreased leptin, and also in the metabolic profiles.

Conclusions
A VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation appears to be an effective strategy for promoting an high loss of FM with preservation of FFM in patients with class I obesity.
Saving Sex for Marriage: An Analysis of Lay Attitudes Towards Virginity and its Perceived Benefit for Marriage
Authors: Olamijuwon Emmanuel , Odimegwu Clifford 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHow do young people interpret virginity loss, and does saving sex for marriage have any socially constructed benefit for marriage? This study answers this question using data obtained from a peer-led Facebook group with more than 175,000 participants, mostly in African countries, particularly Nigeria. A reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze 100 public wall posts and 3860 comments posted on the group between June 2018 and May 2019. Four distinctive interpretations of virginity loss comprising the gift, precondition, stigma, and process emerged from the data. These interpretations were also gendered, such that a woman’s virginity was interpreted as a gift but a stigma for men. The wall posts and comments further suggest that saving sex for marriage may have some culturally sensitive benefits, including trust, and marital sexual satisfaction. Altogether the findings expand the current understanding of the diverse perceived benefits of virginity that move beyond honour and respect to more complex benefits like trust in a union, sexual satisfaction and ultimate satisfaction in marriage.
Taxonomy and morphology of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) in New Guinea
Authors: Borosova Renata , Utteridge Timothy M. A. , Schuiteman André 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe genus Thalictrum L. in New Guinea is revised based on morphological evidence. Full descriptions of the genus and the four taxa recognised are given. Two species are recognised: Thalictrum papuanum, widespread across New Guinea, and a new species described here; T. umbraticola, endemic to west New Guinea. Two new varieties are described: Thalictrum papuanum var. acutisegmentum and T. papuanum var. laticarpellum. One new synonym of Thalictrum papuanum var. papuanum is established: T. papuanum var. oranjense. Keys to the taxa and distribution maps, as well as preliminary conservation assessments, are provided.
The ecology and bioactivity of some Greco-Roman medicinal minerals: the case of Melos earth pigments
Authors: Knapp C. W. , Christidis G. E. , Venieri D. , Gounaki I. , Gibney-Vamvakari J. , Stillings M. , Photos-Jones E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMineral compounds, as pigments and therapeutics, appeared regularly in the technical and medical texts of the Greco-Roman (G-R) world. We have referred to them as ‘G-R medicinal minerals’ and we suggest that despite their seeming familiarity, there are actually many unknowns regarding their precise nature and/or purported pharmacological attributes. Earth pigments are part of that group. This paper presents a brief overview of our work over the past twenty years relating to: a. the attempt to locate a select number of them in the places of their origin; b. their chemical/mineralogical characterization; c. the study of their ecology via the identification of the microorganisms surrounding them; d. their testing as antibacterials against known pathogens. In the process, and to fulfil the above, we have developed a novel methodological approach which includes a range of analytical techniques used across many disciplines (mineralogy, geochemistry, DNA extraction and microbiology). This paper focuses on a select number of earth pigments deriving from the island of Melos in the SW Aegean, celebrated in antiquity for itsMelian Earth, a white pigment, and asks whether they might display antibacterial activity. We demonstrate that some (but not all) yellow, green and black earth pigments do. We also show that the manner in which they were dispensed (as powders or leachates) was equally important. The results, although preliminary, are informative. Given their use since deep time, earth pigments have never lost their relevance. We suggest that the study of their ecology/mineralogy and potential bioactivity allows for a better understanding of how our perception of them, as both pigments and therapeutics, may have evolved.
The Genetic Basis of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Mertens R. , Graupera M. , Gerhardt H. , Bersano A. , Tournier-Lasserve E. , Mensah M. A. , Mundlos S. , Vajkoczy P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive spontaneous bilateral occlusion of the intracranial internal cerebral arteries (ICA) and their major branches with compensatory capillary collaterals resembling a “puff of smoke” (Japanese: Moyamoya) on cerebral angiography. These pathological alterations of the vessels are called Moyamoya arteriopathy or vasculopathy and a further distinction is made between primary and secondary MMD. Clinical presentation depends on age and population, with hemorrhage and ischemic infarcts in particular leading to severe neurological dysfunction or even death. Although the diagnostic suspicion can be posed by MRA or CTA, cerebral angiography is mandatory for diagnostic confirmation. Since no therapy to limit the stenotic lesions or the development of a collateral network is available, the only treatment established so far is surgical revascularization. The pathophysiology still remains unknown. Due to the early age of onset, familial cases and the variable incidence rate between different ethnic groups, the focus was put on genetic aspects early on. Several genetic risk loci as well as individual risk genes have been reported; however, few of them could be replicated in independent series. Linkage studies revealed linkage to the 17q25 locus. Multiple studies on the association of SNPs and MMD have been conducted, mainly focussing on the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, cytokines and growth factors. A variant of the RNF213 gene was shown to be strongly associated with MMD with a founder effect in the East Asian population. Although it is unknown how mutations in the RNF213 gene, encoding for a ubiquitously expressed 591 kDa cytosolic protein, lead to clinical features of MMD, RNF213 has been confirmed as a susceptibility gene in several studies with a gene dosage-dependent clinical phenotype, allowing preventive screening and possibly the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the genetic basis of primary MMD only.
Implications of Social Cohesion in Entrepreneurial Collaboration: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Minhas Jawad , Sindakis Stavros 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a methodological framework to review the literature relevant to the implications of social cohesion for entrepreneurs collaborating in the pursuit of innovation. The framework is then used to understand the current state of the art for that phenomenon. Thirdly, a theoretical model is developed for areas of concern in the stewardship of collaborating entrepreneurs. The abstracts of 631 academic resources between 1950 and 2020 are analyzed using Webster and Watson’s (MIS Quarterly, 26(2):xiii–xxiii, 2002) methodology. Sixty-four salient resources are identified and critically analyzed, categorizing research methodology, subject area, and additional, pertinent bibliometrics. Entrepreneurial collaboration is an emerging field of research that draws from a variety of disciplines and requires clarification in its use of terminology for both entrepreneurial collaboration and social cohesion. In addition to making those clarifications, the tendency of managers to maintain a hands-off approach in their oversight of entrepreneurial cadres is challenged. The theoretical model provides a useful overview of related concepts for future research and encourages managers to rethink their agency as necessary and not as a matter of interference. This paper contributes to the growing field of entrepreneurial collaboration by proposing the moderation of social cohesion as a means to sustain innovation.
Estimating the potential of wild foods for nutrition and food security planning in tropical areas: Experimentation with a method in Northwestern Colombia
Authors: Asprilla-Perea Jeferson , Díaz-Puente José M. , Martín-Fernández Susana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWild foods contribute to the food security of multiple communities in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. However, wild foods are not regularly considered in the planning of strategies for food and nutrition security mainly due to the lack of technical and/or scientific knowledge so that they can be considered suitable for human consumption. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method that estimates the potential of wild foods as alternative resources when planning interventions in favour of food and nutrition security in tropical forest territories. When designing the method, four dimensions were identified in science, technology and innovation (STI) that define this potential as well as ten assessment criteria. The wild foods chosen for applying the method were Alibertia patinoi (a fruit commonly known as Borojó) and Proechimys semispinosus (Mouse of thorns), which are two of the main wild foods traditionally used by human communities in a tropical forest territory in the northwest of Colombia. In both cases, although there are significant advances in STI, compliance with some criteria is still required to regard them as viable alternatives for nutrition and food security within this territory. This research is useful for promoting the inclusion of wild food in food security programmes for communities where this food is already included in their traditional pattern of consumption and identifies the progress needed in STI to achieve this purpose. It may also promote the early recognition of possible traditional and cultural practices with high risk of transmission of pathogenic elements by the handling and/or inadequate consumption of wild foods. This early recognition could contribute to the prevention of diseases of wild animal origin, including those of rapid global spread.