bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A roadmap for cardiovascular care after release from incarceration: uses of a smartphone application
Authors: Surkan Pamela J , Puglisi Lisa B , Butler Karim , Elmi Nika , Zachary Wayne W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors disproportionately affect people returning from incarceration. These individuals face multiple barriers to obtaining care, which can impact CVD and risk factor management and may be mitigated through use of a smartphone application (app). Therefore, we explored the CVD-related needs of people released from incarceration and which app features would support these needs.

Materials and Methods
In 2019, we collected qualitative data through 7 focus groups with 76 returning citizens and 19 key informants through interviews and small group discussions in Baltimore, Maryland. Verbal data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive thematic coding with N-Vivo qualitative software.

Results
Returning citizens face multiple barriers when trying to engage in care and services related to cardiovascular health, including around medications and health insurance. Some major challenges were identifying trusted social services and making cardiovascular health a priority. Findings suggested that CVD risk factors could be more effectively addressed in combination with attending to other pressing needs related to employment, housing, behavioral health, and building trust. Participants suggested that a smartphone app would be most useful if it broadly addressed these issues by linking returning citizens to social services, including recommendations from peers, and facilitating access to healthcare.

Discussion
Returning citizens need broad support for societal reintegration. Addressing social issues would allow them to focus on cardiovascular health.

Conclusion
Given the challenges experienced after release from incarceration, an app focused on social and health-access issues may help returning citizens meet their CVD needs.
Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances gemcitabine induced Capan-2 cell apoptosis via inhibiting NADPH level
Authors: Sun Liyun , Shang Huoli , Wu Yuzhen , Xin Xiujuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The combination of gemcitabine (Gem) and hypericin (HY) enhances the apoptosis of Capan-2 cells, providing a promising option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Our study further explored the cytotoxic mechanism of HY combined with chemotherapy drugs on pancreatic cancer.

Methods
The proliferation rate of the cells assayed with the MTT method. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of each treatment were evaluated by DCFH-DA oxidisation methods. The activity of glutathione reductase and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) were assessed using assay kits. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by western blotting.

Key findings
The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), a key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, significantly decreased in Gem + HY groups, however, the ROS level enhanced accompanying with GSH depleting, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cytochrome C release. Gem + HY inhibits the expression of Bcl-2 but stimulates Bax level, triggering caspase activation and PARP cleavage and thus promoted apoptosis of Capan-2 cells.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that Gem combined HY-PDT could inhibit the proliferation of Capan-2 cells and induce cell apoptosis. HY-PDT combined with Gem had a great potential on pancreatic cancer treatment clinically.
A model for phenotyping crop fractional vegetation cover using imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Wan Liang , Zhu Jiangpeng , Du Xiaoyue , Zhang Jiafei , Han Xiongzhe , Zhou Weijun , Li Xiaopeng , Liu Jianli , Liang Fei , He Yong , Cen Haiyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is the key trait of interest for characterizing crop growth status in crop breeding and precision management. Accurate quantification of FVC among different breeding lines, cultivars, and growth environments is challenging, especially because of the large spatiotemporal variability in complex field conditions. This study presents an ensemble modeling strategy for phenotyping crop FVC from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral images by coupling the PROSAIL model with a gap probability model (PROSAIL-GP). Seven field experiments for four main crops were conducted, and canopy images were acquired using a UAV platform equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras. The PROSAIL-GP model successfully retrieved FVC in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with coefficient of determination, root mean square error (RMSE), and relative RMSE (rRMSE) of 0.79, 0.09, and 18%, respectively. The robustness of the proposed method was further examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and a high accuracy of FVC retrieval was obtained, with rRMSEs of 12%, 6%, and 6%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the proposed method can efficiently retrieve crop FVC from UAV images at a high spatiotemporal domain, which should be a promising tool for precision crop breeding.
Combating the “Peacetime Effect” in Military Plastic Surgery: Implications for Mission Readiness
Authors: Fox Justin P , Markov Nickolay P , Latham Kerry P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Military treatment facility-assigned surgeons face numerous challenges in maintaining critical wartime skills, including the “peacetime effect” and the “dual mission.” Using the field of plastic surgery to illustrate these issues, we contrast plastic surgeons’ contributions to combat casualty care with primary data describing plastic surgeons’ clinical practice in many military hospitals. Then, we outline the current administrative mechanisms being promoted at the enterprise-level for surgeons to gain a more mission-focused, clinical practice, while also examining significant shortcomings in these policies. Finally, we conclude with a call to action for the military surgical community to accelerate change in the development of more robust clinical practices for our surgeons, or potentially lose our ability to field a ready surgical force.
Brassica rapa Domestication: Untangling Wild and Feral Forms and Convergence of Crop Morphotypes
Authors: McAlvay Alex C , Ragsdale Aaron P , Mabry Makenzie E , Qi Xinshuai , Bird Kevin A , Velasco Pablo , An Hong , Pires J Chris , Emshwiller Eve 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study of domestication contributes to our knowledge of evolution and crop genetic resources. Human selection has shaped wild Brassica rapa into diverse turnip, leafy, and oilseed crops. Despite its worldwide economic importance and potential as a model for understanding diversification under domestication, insights into the number of domestication events and initial crop(s) domesticated in B. rapa have been limited due to a lack of clarity about the wild or feral status of conspecific noncrop relatives. To address this gap and reconstruct the domestication history of B. rapa, we analyzed 68,468 genotyping-by-sequencing-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms for 416 samples in the largest diversity panel of domesticated and weedy B. rapa to date. To further understand the center of origin, we modeled the potential range of wild B. rapa during the mid-Holocene. Our analyses of genetic diversity across B. rapa morphotypes suggest that noncrop samples from the Caucasus, Siberia, and Italy may be truly wild, whereas those occurring in the Americas and much of Europe are feral. Clustering, tree-based analyses, and parameterized demographic inference further indicate that turnips were likely the first crop type domesticated, from which leafy types in East Asia and Europe were selected from distinct lineages. These findings clarify the domestication history and nature of wild crop genetic resources for B. rapa, which provides the first step toward investigating cases of possible parallel selection, the domestication and feralization syndrome, and novel germplasm for Brassica crop improvement.
Lysophosphatidic acid improves oocyte quality during IVM by activating the ERK1/2 pathway in cumulus cells and oocytes
Authors: Ma Yerong , Yang Weijie , Ren Peipei , Li Xiang , Jin Jiamin , Dai Yongdong , Pan Yibin , Jiang Lingling , Fan Hengyu , Zhang Yinli , Zhang Songying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Oocyte IVM technology is an option for fertility preservation in some groups of patients, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome, patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and for patients with cancer. However, the developmental potential of oocytes from IVM still needs to improve. Several previous studies have reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes glucose metabolism, cumulus cell (CC) expansion, and oocyte nuclear maturation. However, the effect of LPA on oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, particularly mitochondrial function, has rarely been studied and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, which impedes (pre)clinical applications of LPA. In this study, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and cumulus-denuded germinal vesicle oocytes (DOs) were treated with various concentrations of LPA during IVM, in the presence or absence of the oxidative stressor cyclophosphamide (CTX). In both normal and CTX-damaged COCs, the 25 μM LPA group exhibited improved CC expansion capacity, a higher nuclear maturation rate, and superior mitochondrial function, compared to no LPA treatment. When the concentration of LPA was over 40 μM, detrimental effects of LPA on oocyte maturation occurred. Compared with COCs, the addition of LPA slightly improved oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of DOs, but this was not statistically significant. We observed that LPA promotes the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, although this was not statistically significant in DOs. Furthermore, LPA could not reverse the negative effect of CC expansion and mitochondrial function after inactivation of ERK1/2 by U0126. RNA-sequencing and RT-PCR results showed that LPA upregulated several ERK1/2 downstream genes related to CC expansion, such as Areg, Cited4, and Ptgs2. This study demonstrates that LPA improves oocyte quality during IVM through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway CCs and oocytes, which provides evidence for the potential addition of LPA to IVM medium.
Rcl1 depletion impairs 18S pre-rRNA processing at the A1-site and up-regulates a cohort of ribosome biogenesis genes in zebrafish
Authors: Zhu Qinfang , Tao Boxiang , Chen Hong , Shi Hui , Huang Ling , Chen Jun , Hu Minjie , Lo Li Jan , Peng Jinrong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Yeast Rcl1 is a potential endonuclease that mediates pre-RNA cleavage at the A2-site to separate 18S rRNA from 5.8S and 25S rRNAs. However, the biological function of Rcl1 in opisthokonta is poorly defined. Moreover, there is no information regarding the exact positions of 18S pre-rRNA processing in zebrafish. Here, we report that zebrafish pre-rRNA harbours three major cleavage sites in the 5′ETS, namely –477nt (A′-site), –97nt (A0-site) and the 5′ETS and 18S rRNA link (A1-site), as well as two major cleavage regions within the ITS1, namely 208–218nt (site 2) and 20–33nt (site E). We also demonstrate that depletion of zebrafish Rcl1 mainly impairs cleavage at the A1-site. Phenotypically, rcl1–/– mutants exhibit a small liver and exocrine pancreas and die before 15 days post-fertilization. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the most significant event in rcl1–/– mutants is the up-regulated expression of a cohort of genes related to ribosome biogenesis and tRNA production. Our data demonstrate that Rcl1 is essential for 18S rRNA maturation at the A1-site and for digestive organogenesis in zebrafish. Rcl1 deficiency, similar to deficiencies in other ribosome biogenesis factors, might trigger a common mechanism to upregulate the expression of genes responsible for ribosome biogenesis.
TbTRF suppresses the TERRA level and regulates the cell cycle-dependent TERRA foci number with a TERRA binding activity in its C-terminal Myb domain
Authors: Saha Arpita , Gaurav Amit Kumar , Pandya Unnati M , Afrin Marjia , Sandhu Ranjodh , Nanavaty Vishal , Schnur Brittny , Li Bibo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been identified in multiple organisms including Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade the host immune response. VSG is expressed exclusively from subtelomeric expression sites, and we have shown that telomere proteins play important roles in the regulation of VSG silencing and switching. In this study, we identify several unique features of TERRA and telomere biology in T. brucei. First, the number of TERRA foci is cell cycle-regulated and influenced by TbTRF, the duplex telomere DNA binding factor in T. brucei. Second, TERRA is transcribed by RNA polymerase I mainly from a single telomere downstream of the active VSG. Third, TbTRF binds TERRA through its C-terminal Myb domain, which also has the duplex DNA binding activity, in a sequence-specific manner and suppresses the TERRA level without affecting its half-life. Finally, levels of the telomeric R-loop and telomere DNA damage were increased upon TbTRF depletion. Overexpression of an ectopic allele of RNase H1 that resolves the R-loop structure in TbTRF RNAi cells can partially suppress these phenotypes, revealing an underlying mechanism of how TbTRF helps maintain telomere integrity.
Ectopic expression of Triticum polonicum VRT-A2 underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner
Authors: Adamski Nikolai M. , Simmonds James , Brinton Jemima F. , Backhaus Anna E. , Chen Yi , Smedley Mark , Hayta Sadiye , Florio Tobin , Crane Pamela , Scott Peter , Pieri Alice , Hall Olyvia , Barclay J. Elaine , Clayton Myles , Doonan John H. , Nibau Candida , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Flower development is an important determinant of grain yield in crops. In wheat (Triticum spp.), natural variation for the size of spikelet and floral organs is particularly evident in Triticum turgidum ssp. polonicum (also termed Triticum polonicum), a tetraploid subspecies of wheat with long glumes, lemmas, and grains. Using map-based cloning, we identified VEGETATIVE TO REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION 2 (VRT2), which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor belonging to the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE family, as the gene underlying the T. polonicum long-glume (P1) locus. The causal P1 mutation is a sequence rearrangement in intron-1 that results in ectopic expression of the T. polonicum VRT-A2 allele. Based on allelic variation studies, we propose that the intron-1 mutation in VRT-A2 is the unique T. polonicum subspecies-defining polymorphism, which was later introduced into hexaploid wheat via natural hybridizations. Near-isogenic lines differing for the P1 locus revealed a gradient effect of P1 across spikelets and within florets. Transgenic lines of hexaploid wheat carrying the T. polonicum VRT-A2 allele show that expression levels of VRT-A2 are highly correlated with spike, glume, grain, and floral organ length. These results highlight how changes in expression profiles, through variation in cis-regulation, can affect agronomic traits in a dosage-dependent manner in polyploid crops.
Synaptotagmins at the endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites maintain diacylglycerol homeostasis during abiotic stress
Authors: Ruiz-Lopez Noemi , Pérez-Sancho Jessica , del Valle Alicia Esteban , Haslam Richard P. , Vanneste Steffen , Catalá Rafael , Perea-Resa Carlos , Damme Daniël Van , García-Hernández Selene , Albert Armando , Vallarino José , Lin Jinxing , Friml Jiří , Macho Alberto P. , Salinas Julio , Rosado Abel , Napier Johnathan A. , Amorim-Silva Vitor , Botella Miguel A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites (ER–PM CS) play fundamental roles in all eukaryotic cells. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the ER–PM protein tether synaptotagmin1 (SYT1) exhibit decreased PM integrity under multiple abiotic stresses, such as freezing, high salt, osmotic stress, and mechanical damage. Here, we show that, together with SYT1, the stress-induced SYT3 is an ER–PM tether that also functions in maintaining PM integrity. The ER–PM CS localization of SYT1 and SYT3 is dependent on PM phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and is regulated by abiotic stress. Lipidomic analysis revealed that cold stress increased the accumulation of diacylglycerol at the PM in a syt1/3 double mutant relative to wild-type while the levels of most glycerolipid species remain unchanged. In addition, the SYT1-green fluorescent protein fusion preferentially binds diacylglycerol in vivo with little affinity for polar glycerolipids. Our work uncovers a SYT-dependent mechanism of stress adaptation counteracting the detrimental accumulation of diacylglycerol at the PM produced during episodes of abiotic stress.
The Meaning of Sedentary Behavior as Experienced by People in the Transition From Working Life to Retirement: An Empirical Phenomenological Study
Authors: Eklund Caroline , Elfström Magnus L , von Heideken Wågert Petra , Söderlund Anne , Gustavsson Catharina , Cederbom Sara , Thunborg Charlotta , Lööf Helena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Sedentary behavior (SB) is defined as a mean of &gt;6 hours of daytime sitting or lying down. SB has been shown to increase with older age and is a risk factor for disease. During the transition from working life to retirement, changes in daily life activities occur, risking increased SB. The aim of the present study was to gain a deeper understanding of SB in relation to the transition from working life to retirement as experienced by persons in retirement.

Methods
The study was grounded in a phenomenological life-world perspective. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants aged 64–75. Data were analyzed using the empirical phenomenological psychological method.

Results
The participants described that voluntary sedentary time was positively related to general health and well-being, while involuntary sedentary time was negatively related to health. Increased sedentary time was described as natural when aging. Retirement was expressed as a time for rest after hard work and the ability to choose a slower pace in life. Internal and external demands and daily routines interrupted SB, whereas loneliness was perceived to increase SB. Participants strived to find a balance between physical activity and sedentary time. The variations in the participants’ descriptions formed three typologies: in light of meaningful sedentary behavior, in the shadow of involuntary sedentary behavior, and a dual process – postponing sedentary behavior with physical activity.

Conclusions
Increased SB was perceived as natural when aging, but something that may be postponed by conscious choices. SB was perceived as associated with health, rest and recovery but also with the risk of deteriorating health.

Impact
This knowledge of the experienced meaning of SB could guide the design of health promotion interventions and may be helpful in targeting those in need of support and individualizing interventions to decrease SB in retirement.

Lay Summary
This study reveals how persons in retirement describe sedentary behavior as something healthy but also as unhealthy and that sedentary behavior is natural in aging and can be postponed by physical activity.
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. v ASUSTEK COMPUTER INCORPORATION
Authors:   Court of Appeal
Published: April 2021

Abstract
H1 Patents – European patents – Standards essential patents – Technical trials – Obviousness – The skilled person – Common general knowledge – Mindset – “Lions in the path” – The relevance of commercial considerations – Hindsight – Secondary evidence – Essentiality – Construction – Appeal to Court of Appeal
Self-reported sleep relates to microstructural hippocampal decline in ß-amyloid positive Adults beyond genetic risk
Authors: Grydeland Håkon , Sederevičius Donatas , Wang Yunpeng , Bartrés-Faz David , Bertram Lars , Dobricic Valerija , Düzel Sandra , Ebmeier Klaus P , Lindenberger Ulman , Nyberg Lars , Pudas Sara , Sexton Claire E , Solé-Padullés Cristina , Sørensen Øystein , Walhovd Kristine B , Fjell Anders M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
A critical role linking sleep with memory decay and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, two markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, may be played by hippocampal integrity. We tested the hypotheses that worse self-reported sleep relates to decline in memory and intra-hippocampal microstructure, including in the presence of Aβ.

Methods
Two-hundred and forty-three cognitively healthy participants, aged 19–81 years, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index once, and two diffusion tensor imaging sessions, on average 3 years apart, allowing measures of decline in intra-hippocampal microstructure as indexed by increased mean diffusivity. We measured memory decay at each imaging session using verbal delayed recall. One session of positron emission tomography, in 108 participants above 44 years of age, yielded 23 Aβ positive. Genotyping enabled control for APOE ε4 status, and polygenic scores for sleep and AD, respectively.

Results
Worse global sleep quality and sleep efficiency related to more rapid reduction of hippocampal microstructure over time. Focusing on efficiency (the percentage of time in bed at night spent asleep), the relation was stronger in presence of Aβ accumulation, and hippocampal integrity decline mediated the relation with memory decay. The results were not explained by genetic risk for sleep efficiency or AD.

Conclusions
Worse sleep efficiency related to decline in hippocampal microstructure, especially in the presence of Aβ accumulation, and Aβ might link poor sleep and memory decay. As genetic risk did not account for the associations, poor sleep efficiency might constitute a risk marker for AD, although the driving causal mechanisms remain unknown.
Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Visual Imagery Vividness Extremes: Aphantasia versus Hyperphantasia
Authors: Milton Fraser , Fulford Jon , Dance Carla , Gaddum James , Heuerman-Williamson Brittany , Jones Kealan , Knight Kathryn F , MacKisack Matthew , Winlove Crawford , Zeman Adam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although Galton recognized in the 1880s that some individuals lack visual imagery, this phenomenon was mostly neglected over the following century. We recently coined the terms “aphantasia” and “hyperphantasia” to describe visual imagery vividness extremes, unlocking a sustained surge of public interest. Aphantasia is associated with subjective impairment of face recognition and autobiographical memory. Here we report the first systematic, wide-ranging neuropsychological and brain imaging study of people with aphantasia (n = 24), hyperphantasia (n = 25), and midrange imagery vividness (n = 20). Despite equivalent performance on standard memory tests, marked group differences were measured in autobiographical memory and imagination, participants with hyperphantasia outperforming controls who outperformed participants with aphantasia. Face recognition difficulties and autistic spectrum traits were reported more commonly in aphantasia. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory highlighted reduced extraversion in the aphantasia group and increased openness in the hyperphantasia group. Resting state fMRI revealed stronger connectivity between prefrontal cortices and the visual network among hyperphantasic than aphantasic participants. In an active fMRI paradigm, there was greater anterior parietal activation among hyperphantasic and control than aphantasic participants when comparing visualization of famous faces and places with perception. These behavioral and neural signatures of visual imagery vividness extremes validate and illuminate this significant but neglected dimension of individual difference.