bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The typologically rare approximant inventory of Kajkwakhrattxi: A series of natural sound changes
Authors: Huff Teela , Lapierre Myriam 
Published: March 2021

Kajkwakhrattxi, a Northern Jê language spoken by fewer than 30 elders in Mato Grosso, Brazil, exhibits a typologically rare sound inventory, especially with respect to its series of approximants: /w, w̃, ʍ, ɽ, ɽ̃, j/, realized as a total of 17 different surface allophones: [w, w̃͡w, w̃, ʍ, ɥ, ɥ̃͡ɥ, ɥ̃, ɥ̊, ɾ, ɾ̃, ɽ, ɽ̃, ɻ, ɻ̃, ɻ̊, j, j̃]. We propose a novel reconstruction of Proto-Northern-Jê that accounts for this unusually dense inventory of approximants, namely as the result of a series of natural sound changes involving processes of lenition and assimilation. Our analysis makes use of novel fieldwork data on three underdocumented and endangered languages of the family: Kajkwakhrattxi, Panãra, and Kayapô. As a result, our reconstruction is based on a more phonetically detailed and internally coherent data set than was available to previous comparative work on Jê languages. Our results provide evidence for the possible breadth of diversity in the phonological systems of natural languages, both synchronically and diachronically, and advances our knowledge of the sound changes that occurred from Proto-Northern-Jê to its daughter languages.
“Tiempos de cosecha”: alternativas de enseñanza matemática, talleres de educadores y análisis del “medio” del alumno de EJA
Authors: Delprato María Fernanda 
Published: March 2021

Esta narrativa reconstruye meta-analíticamente supuestos teórico-analíticos de un “taller de educadores” sobre decisiones de enseñanza matemática en “clases comunes” con docentes de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en un CENPA (Centro de Nivel Primario de Adultos) en Córdoba (Argentina) desde 2008 a 2017. Su objetivo es contribuir a la reflexión y orientación de investigaciones colaborativas como opción para transformar condiciones de enseñanza en EJA. Para ello reconstruiré el encuadre de trabajo de esta experiencia colaborativa desde aportes de la etnografía educativa latinoamericana sobre: procesos de documentación de la cotidianeidad escolar; tensiones en difusión y autoría de estos procesos vinculados a condiciones del trabajo docente. Advertiré desafíos y opciones del abordaje empírico-analítico de investigaciones que a la vez intervienen en la mejora de la enseñanza matemática generando colaborativamente alternativas. Finalmente mostraré cómo la noción de “medio del profesor” permite analíticamente delimitar procesos a abordar en el diseño del taller.
Palabras clave: Enseñanza matemática. Taller de educadores. Medio del profesor.
On the Impact of 22Ne on the Pulsation Periods of Carbon–Oxygen White Dwarfs with Helium-dominated Atmospheres
Authors: Chidester Morgan T. , Timmes F. X. , Schwab Josiah , Townsend Richard H. D. , Farag Ebraheem , Thoul Anne , Fields C. E. , Bauer Evan B. , Montgomery Michael H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore changes in the adiabatic low-order g-mode pulsation periods of 0.526, 0.560, and 0.729 M
⊙ carbon–oxygen white dwarf models with helium-dominated envelopes due to the presence, absence, and enhancement of 22Ne in the interior. The observed g-mode pulsation periods of such white dwarfs are typically given to 6−7 significant figures of precision. Usually white dwarf models without 22Ne are fit to the observed periods and other properties. The rms residuals to the ≃150−400 s low-order g-mode periods are typically in the range of σ
rms ≲ 0.3 s, for a fit precision of σ
rms/P ≲ 0.3%. We find average relative period shifts of ΔP/P ≃ ±0.5% for the low-order dipole and quadrupole g-mode pulsations within the observed effective temperature window, with the range of ΔP/P depending on the specific g-mode, abundance of 22Ne, effective temperature, and the mass of the white dwarf model. This finding suggests a systematic offset may be present in the fitting process of specific white dwarfs when 22Ne is absent. As part of the fitting processes involves adjusting the composition profiles of a white dwarf model, our study on the impact of 22Ne can provide new inferences on the derived interior mass fraction profiles. We encourage routinely including 22Ne mass fraction profiles, informed by stellar evolution models, to future generations of white dwarf model-fitting processes.
Pure Rotational Spectrum of CCl+
Authors: Asvany O. , Markus C. R. , Nagamori K. , Kohguchi H. , Furuta J. , Kobayashi K. , Schlemmer S. , Thorwirth S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of the CCl+ (X
1Σ+) cation has been observed for the first time using a cryogenic ion trap apparatus and applying an action spectroscopy scheme. The major isotopic species 12C35Cl+ was observed up to the J = 4 ← 3 transition around 191 GHz and 12C37Cl+ was observed up to J = 3 ← 2. All transitions exhibit (partially) resolved hyperfine structure from the presence of the chlorine nuclei (both I = 3/2). This study provides the data needed for future sensitive radio astronomical searches for CCl+ in space.
Changes in the respiratory function of the heart and brain mitochondria of animals after chronic alcohol intoxication affected by a new GABA derivative
Authors: Popova Tamara A. , Kustova Margarita V. , Khusainova Gulnara Kh. , Perfilova Valentina N. , Prokofiev Igor I. , Smolnyakova Yulia A. , Borodkina Ludmila E. , Tyurenkov Ivan N. , Ostrovskiy Oleg V. , Vasil’eva Olga S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Chronic ethanol consumption leads to significant functional and structural changes in the mitochondria of the heart and brain, increasing generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the search for substances, which improve the functional state of the mitochondria and, meantime, reduce the oxidative stress, is relevant.
Materials and methods: 10-months-old Wistar female rats were used in the experiments. Chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) was modelled by replacing drinking water with a 10% ethanol solution containing sucrose (50 g/L) for 24 weeks. Four groups were formed: 1 – intact animals; 2 – animals after chronic alcohol consumption; 3 – rats after CAI which were administered RSPU-260 (25 mg/kg); 4 – rats after CAI which were administered the reference drug Mildronate (50 mg/kg). The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the rate of oxygen consumption in various metabolic states were determined.
Results and discussion: Administration of the compound RSPU-260 to the animals exposed to alcohol over a long period of time resulted in an increase in both the rate of oxygen consumption (state 3) and the respiratory control ratio (RCR) of the mitochondria of heart and brain cells. The use of a GABA derivative promoted a decrease in malonic dialdehyde in the mitochondria of the heart and brain. Total SOD activity in the mitochondria of heart cells was significantly increased in the groups of rats treated with RSPU-260. In terms of efficiency, the compound RSPU-260 was comparable to the reference drug Mildronate.
Conclusions: The compound RSPU-260, and the reference drug Mildronate improve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in heart and brain cells, the functioning of antioxidant enzymes in animals after CAI, and can be used to correct alcoholic damage to these organs.
Les recueils de mirabilia à l’époque humaniste : l’anomalie collectée pour le plaisir et pour la science
Authors: Maselli Mila 
Published: March 2021

Les observationes raræ sont des récits d’expériences : de nature hétéroclite, elles peuvent rapporter les descriptions d’anomalies physiques ou d’affections remarquables que le médecin a rencontrées dans l’exercice de sa profession. Rejetés du champ de recherche de l’aristotélisme, les mirabilia deviennent très à la mode pendant l’Humanisme et trouvent une forme de légitimité dans la publication de recueils de ces cas cliniques étonnants. À travers la lecture de diverses observationes raræ de médecins humanistes, nous interrogerons les relations que ces événements racontés entretiennent avec le savoir : à partir du moment où l’anomalie inexplicable attire l’attention des théories de la connaissance, elle se charge de valeurs et d’attributs épistémologiques inédits.
Comment devenir un intellectuel à la française ? Voyage en France et tentation de l’exil dans le monde littéraire japonais des xixe et xxe siècles
Authors: Chiche Didier 
Published: March 2021

Depuis la fin du xixe siècle, la culture française sous toutes ses formes, a très tôt acquis auprès des Japonais un indiscutable prestige : de sorte que le voyage en France, réel ou livresque, a souvent été une étape indispensable sur la route à suivre pour devenir un véritable « intellectuel ». Pour autant, peut-on dire qu’un tel voyage ait abouti à des formes nouvelles d’écriture ? Pour répondre à cette question, j’étudie plus particulièrement deux écrivains en les opposant l’un a l’autre. Le premier : Nagai Kafû, a voyagé en France et a rapporté de cette expérience à la fois le désir d’une écriture nouvelle et la frustration de ne pas être à la hauteur de l’ambition qu’avait générée en lui cet exil. Le second : Dazai, s’est inventé une France portative, ce qui lui a permis d’entamer une réflexion féconde sur la refondation de la langue elle-même, d’explorer des chemins littéraires nouveaux, et même de tenter une réécriture de la tradition.
Strange Distance: Bergson and Symbolism
Authors: Jones Patrick 
Published: March 2021

L’article traite de la rencontre entre la littérature et la philosophie dans l’essai de Maurice Blanchot, « Bergson et le symbolisme ». Il est tentant de lire cette critique, qui met en question l’opinion selon laquelle la pensée de Bergson est un fondement de l’esthétique moderne, comme une affirmation de la singularité de la littérature, qui rend tout échange avec la philosophie futile. Mais une telle lecture s’ancre dans une conception de la relation entre les deux disciplines dont l’essai de Blanchot propose une subtile remise en question. En le confrontant à d’autres auteurs (notamment Maurice Merleau-Ponty), nous verrons au contraire qu’il ouvre un espace pour une rencontre plus fugitive dans laquelle le contact n’est pas fondé sur une coïncidence, mais sur une dialectique étrange de proximité et de distance.
Tanshinone IIA, a melanogenic ingredient basis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Wang Zhaojing , Tang Huihao , Yang Lili , Li Yiming , Wu Huali 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) have been often used to treat vitiligo in clinical for many years. However, the main ingredient basis of efficacy has not been known.

Objectives:
We investigated whether the two main constituents of S. miltiorrhiza, major hydrophobic compound tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) and the major hydrophilic compound salvianolic acid B (Sal B), had the same melanogenic activity.

Methods:
To testify the potential roles of Tan IIA and Sal B in pigmentation, tyrosinase (Tyr) activity, melanin synthesis ability, and the molecular mechanisms stimulating melanin production were determined in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Results:
Tan IIA promoted melanogenesis and enhanced Tyr activity at its maximum concentration (10 μM), whereas that of Sal B had no effect. Furthermore, the color of cell pellets and morphological observation of B16F10 cells were visibly darkened. Regarding molecular mechanisms, Western blot results showed that Tan IIA (1, 3, and 10 μM) dose dependently increased the level of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK, respectively. However, it decreased phosphorylation in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 MAPK signaling. Meanwhile, Tan IIA promoted the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and Tyr.

Conclusion:
Tan IIA might be a melanogenic ingredient basis of S. miltiorrhiza to increase the Tyr activity by activating the upstream MAPK signaling pathways, thereby contributing to pigmentary processing.
An assessment of the efficacy of a rotary and a reciprocating retreatment file system for removal of gutta-percha from root canals
Authors: Wahane Kapil Dasaram , Kulkarni Shraddha Shekhar , Daokar Sadashiv , Patil Kalpana , Patel Karishma , Thorat Trupti 
Published: March 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the NeoEndo and WaveOne retreatment systems concerning the effective removal of epoxy resin-based sealer and gutta-percha during the retreatment of straight root canals.

Materials and Method:
Sixty extracted, human mandibular first premolars with single straight roots were selected based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluations. The root canals were instrumented with the ProTaper system up to the F3 file and filled with gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based sealer using the cold lateral condensation technique. After 1 month, the samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the retreatment system used: NeoEndo and WaveOne. A CBCT device scanned specimen after the root filling and retreatment procedures, and the decrease in the volume of filling material after each retreatment protocol was measured. The results were analyzed using the paired t-test and additional box-and-whisker plots.

Results:
The WaveOne removed significantly more material than the NeoEndo (P = 0.005) system.

Conclusion:
The WaveOne system was more effective than the NeoEndo retreatment system during the removal of filling material.
The comparative evaluation of various additives on setting time and compressive strength of MTA Plus
Authors: Tilakchand Mahima , Pandey Priyanka , Shetty Praveen , Naik Balaram , Shetti Shruti , Nirmala Chandrasekaran 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives:
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), being a near-ideal retrograde filling material, has the greatest disadvantage of longer setting time, which limits its use in a certain clinical situation. A novel MTA, known as MTA Plus, claims to have a finer particle size and is marketed with an additional anti-washout gel. This study was undertaken to compare the setting time and compressive strength (CS) of MTA Plus with various additives.

Materials and Methodology:
MTA Plus powder was mixed with following additives such as 5% CaCl2 solution, 10% CaCl2 solution, phosphate-buffered saline, 80% distilled water/20% propylene glycol, saline, lidocaine HCl, 15% sodium phosphate monobasic, 3% sodium hypochlorite gel, and proprietary gel with MTA Plus in the ratio of 3:1 by weight. Setting time was evaluated using Vicat apparatus using a brass mold with an internal diameter of 10 mm and height of two millimeters. CS was evaluated using an Instron machine using a split brass mold with an internal diameter of Four millimeters and height of Six millimeters.

Results:
The results showed that 15% sodium hydrogen phosphate and MTA Plus gel significantly decrease the setting time of MTA Plus. MTA Plus gel set cement gave the highest value of CS among all groups of additives studied.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
Additives used in the given study had an influence on physical property like setting time and mechanical property like CS of MTA Plus.
A comparative study evaluating the efficacy of 2.0-mm mini locking plate and 2.0-mm three-dimensional locking miniplates in mandibular angle fractures
Authors: Subramaniyan Deepika , Sathyanarayanan R , Suresh V , Subramaniyan Monica , Venugopalan  , Guna Thamizhp Pozhil 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Three-dimensional (3D) mini locking plates not only provide stability due to their unique double-lead thread structure but also cause minimal interference with the underlying vasculature. However, there are not much data available regarding the application of 3D miniplates as a treatment modality for mandibular angle fracture. Therefore, this study was designed to gauge and compare the efficacy of 2.0-mm mini locking plates and 2.0-mm 3D locking miniplates in mandibular angle fractures.

Materials and Methods:
This comparative randomized study involved 34 mandibular angle fracture patients with randomly categorization into Group 1 (managed using 2.0-mm conventional mini locking plate) and Group 2 (managed using 3D miniplates). The parameters evaluated were occlusal stability, displacement of fracture, signs of inflammation as well as any hardware failure postoperatively. Analysis done was Chi-square test.

Results:
The mean duration of operation was significantly less in Group 2 (P < 0.05). Normal healing was noted to be more in Group 2 than in Group 1, with no hardware failure observed in any of the groups. Postoperative occlusal stability was observed to be more satisfactory during the 3rd week of follow-up in Group 2 patients, which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.2).

Conclusion:
3D miniplates have emerged as a feasible treatment option in cases of mandibular angle fractures. This study reveals comparable results depicting the effectiveness of 3D titanium miniplates to standard titanium miniplates. However, further interventions are needed to arrive at more conclusive outcomes.
Predictors of mortality in necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Lal Mohan 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing life threatening necrosis of the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. This study was done to assess the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, microbiological characteristics, and major predictors of mortality associated with NF.

Material and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted from March 2013 to February 2014. NF patients were categorized into two groups based on their in hospital outcome. Demographic data, clinical features, comorbidities, site of infection with microbiology and laboratory results, and surgical intervention for patients were compared and analyzed. SPSS 26.0 statistics software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age was 48.6 ± 16.78 years. Fever (P = 0.0177), tachycardia (P = 0.0155), and septic shock (P = 0.0046) were significantly high in nonsurvivors. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity. Renal impairment (P = 0.0229) was significantly high in the nonsurvivor group. The most common site was lower limb/thigh NF. Abdomen/groin NF (P = 0.0158) was significantly high in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had significantly low hemoglobin (P = 0.0027) and serum sodium (P = 0.0023) and had significantly high leukocyte count (P = 0.00001), serum creatinine (P = 0.0000), serum glucose (P = 0.00003), and LRINEC score (P = 0.00002). Polybacterial infections (P = 0.021) were significantly high in nonsurvivors. The frequency of debridement more than 2 (P = 0.0469) and debridement within 24 h of admission (0.0013) were significantly high in survivors. Hospital stay (P = 0.0272) was significantly high in nonsurvivors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show any independent factors associated with mortality

Conclusion:
Identification of predictors of mortality can improve the management and outcome of NF.
Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in treating the complex intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Hsu Peng-Wei 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of treating large or eloquently located intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS).

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen patients with AVM treated with FSRS between March 2006 and August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The nidus obliteration, volume reduction, rate of rebleeding, newly onset neurological deficit, and signal change in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated.

Results:
With a median follow-up of 88 months (range: 24–154), 6 of the 18 lesions (33.3%) had a complete obliteration. All obliteration occurred in patients received the total treatment dose of 21 Gy (6 of 9 patients, 66.7%). The median time to complete obliteration was 38 months (range: 12–53). The mean volume reduction after FSRS in the 25 Gy group was 30.2% ± 20.9% and that in the 21 Gy group was 87.7% ± 24.2%. During the follow-up period, 4 of 18 (22.2%) lesions revealed T2 signal change in the MRI. No FSRS-related complication was noted clinically or radiologically.

Conclusion:
According to the present results, FSRS could be an effective and safe treatment alternative for complicated AVMs. Delayed toxicity after treatment is not noticed in the current study, but long-term follow-up is required. A higher dose in total and each fraction is likely needed when treating larger lesions.
Comparative evaluation of oral tramadol and gabapentin for prophylaxis of post-spinal shivering
Authors: Nain Poonam , Kundra Sandeep , Singh Tanveer , Singh Mirley R , Kapoor Richa , Singh Arshdeep 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
Shivering in the peri-operative period is a common problem which is associated with various complications. Prophylaxis of shivering can thus help in reducing the cost and risk of complications. The present study was designed to compare prophylactic oral gabapentin, tramadol and placebo for prevention of post-spinal shivering.

Methods:
A total of 150 adult patients of either sex belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgeries were randomised to receive tramadol 100 mg (group A), gabapentin 600 mg (group B) or placebo (group C) orally 30 min before administration of spinal anaesthesia. The primary outcome was to study the incidence and severity of shivering,whereas the secondary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects. Data were analysed by analysis of variance test, Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Chi-square tests.

Results:
Incidence of shivering was comparable among groups A and B (P = 0.8) whereas it was significantly less than in group C (P = 0.00). Severity of shivering (grade 1 and 2) was comparable in all the groups (P = 0.6 and 0.36), whereas shivering grade 3 and grade 4 was significantly lesser in groups A and B as compared to group C (P = 0.01 and 0.01). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was more in group A (26%) as compared to group B (20%) (P = 0.48) but was significantly lesser than group C (48%) (P = 0.01). Incidence of sedation (sedation score ≥2) was significantly more in group B (22%) as compared to group A (4%) and group C (0%).

Conclusion:
Prophylactic oral gabapentin 600 mg and tramadol 100 mg are equally effective for prevention of post-spinal shivering.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATERI BARISAN DAN DERET BERBASIS MODEL MIND MAPPING PADA PESERTA DIDIK MA ATTHAHIRIYAH LAPEO
Authors: Ramlah Mrs. , Indrawati Nenny , Muliana Ana 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis model mind mapping yang meliputi rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, buku ajar, lembar kerja peserta didik, dan tes hasil belajar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MA Atthahiriyah Lapeo berjumlah 17 orang. Prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Thiagarajan yang dikenal dengan model 4-D dengan urutan tahapan yaitu pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop), dan penyebaran (disseminate). Namun pada tahap penyebaran (disseminate) pada penelitian ini tidak terlaksana, hal ini karena pelaksanaannya hanya uji coba terbatas saja, sebab waktu yang tersedia sangat terbatas untuk menyebarkan perangkat pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan di beberapa sekolah. Perangkat pembelajaran matematika yang telah dikembangkan, telah divalidasi, dan mengalami revisi sehingga didapatkan hasil yang layak digunakan. Hasil dari ujicoba terbatas menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis model mind mapping memenuhi kriteria praktis dan efektif. Hal ini didasarkan pada : (1) skor rata-rata peserta didik pada tes hasil belajar yaitu 79,94, standar deviasi 8,011 dengan peserta didik yang tuntas belajar sebesar 88,24% atau 15 orang; (2) aktivitas peserta didik berada pada interval toleransi PWi (3) kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran berada pada kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 3,88 atau 97%; dan (4) umumnya peserta didik memberikan respon positif terhadap perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dengan persentase sebesar 94%.