bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reasons why patients abscond from public hospitals in southeastern Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Moradpour Mahnaz , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Nekoei-Moghadam Mahmood , Dehesh Tania 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient absconding from hospital is one of the permanent issues the hospitals face, which poses many risks and challenges to the patient, hospital, and society. The present study aimed to identify the reasons for patient absconding behavior for public hospitals in southeastern Iran.

Methods
The present study is a qualitative study which was conducted at three public hospitals in southeastern Iran using purposive sampling through semi-structured interviews with 63 informants involved in patient treatment process. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi content analysis (CCA) method.

Results
Three main themes of economic, social factors, and factors related to the hospital covering 15 subthemes were identified to explain the reasons for patients absconding behavior.

Conclusion
There are many reasons for reducing patients absconding from hospitals, and one of the main reasons is the patients’ economic and social problems. The absconding behavior can lead to harm and problems for patients, and some emotional and occupational consequences for the employees and nurses. Paying attention to this issue and considering some courses of action to prevent patient absconding might lead to a considerable promotion of public trust and eliminate many problems for hospitals.
Financial technology and the future of banking
Authors: Broby Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical framework that describes the business model of banks. It draws on the classical theory of banking and the literature on digital transformation. It provides an explanation for existing trends and, by extending the theory of the banking firm, it illustrates how financial intermediation will be impacted by innovative financial technology applications. It further reviews the options that established banks will have to consider in order to mitigate the threat to their profitability. Deposit taking and lending are considered in the context of the challenge made from shadow banking and the all-digital banks. The paper contributes to an understanding of the future of banking, providing a framework for scholarly empirical investigation. In the discussion, four possible strategies are proposed for market participants, (1) customer retention, (2) customer acquisition, (3) banking as a service and (4) social media payment platforms. It is concluded that, in an increasingly digital world, trust will remain at the core of banking. That said, liquidity transformation will still have an important role to play. The nature of banking and financial services, however, will change dramatically.
Assessment of interobserver reliability and predictive values of CT semiquantitative and severity scores in COVID lung disease
Authors: Andrew Dhilip , Shyam Karthik , Cicilet Soumya , Johny Jovis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and first reported in December 2019 at Wuhan, China, has since then progressed into an ongoing global pandemic. The primary organ targeted by the virus is the pulmonary system, leading to interstitial pneumonia and subsequent oxygen dependency and morbidity. Computed tomography (CT) has been used by various centers as an imaging modality for the assessment of severity of lung involvement in individuals. Two popular systems of scoring lung involvement on CT are CT semiquantitative score (SQ) and CT severity score (CT-SS), both of which assess extent of pulmonary involvement by interstitial pneumonia and are partly based upon subjective evaluation. Our cross-sectional observational study aims to assess the interobserver reliability of these scores, as well as to assess the statistical correlation between the respective CT scores to severity of clinical outcome.

Results
Both the SQ and CT-SS scores showed an excellent interobserver reliability (ICC 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, p < 0.05). The CT-SS was marginally more sensitive (99.2%) in detecting severe COVID pneumonia than SQ (86.5%). The positive predictive value of SQ (98.3%) is more than CT-SS (78%) for detecting severe disease. The similarity of interobserver reliability obtained for both scores reiterates the respective cutoff CT scores proposed by the above systems, as 18 for SQ and 19.5 for CT-SS.

Conclusion
Both the SQ and CT-SS scores display excellent interobserver reliability. The CT-SS was more sensitive in detecting severe COVID pneumonia and may thus be preferred over the SQ as an initial radiological tool in predicting severity of infection.
A simple chest CT score for assessing the severity of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19
Authors: Abdel-Tawab Mohamed , Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Mohamed Ibrahim A. I. , Ibrahim Hamdy M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
A major role of CT in COVID-19 pneumonia is to assess disease severity and progress. In this study, we aimed to assess the validity, reliability, and survival outcomes of simple chest computed tomography (CT) score in the evaluation of the severity of lung involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with the current chest CT score.

Results
This retrospective analysis included 213 patients (121 men and 92 women; mean age, 46 ± 15.6 years; range, 1–85 years). The ROC curve was used to compare the validity of both scores. Interreader agreement (IRA) for both scores was calculated using Cohen’s kappa statistic. The survival analysis of both scores was investigated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The simple score showed a comparable validity with the current score (AUC = 0.89 and 0.90, respectively; p = 0.61). The ROC analysis demonstrated that a simple score of > 3 and a current score of > 12 were potential predictors of death with sensitivity values of 81.8% and 86.4% and specificity values of 96.3% and 93.7%, respectively. The simple score showed a higher IRA compared with the current score (κ = 0.645 and 0.458, respectively). Both scores were comparable for predicting survival outcomes.

Conclusion
The simple score was non-inferior for predicting survival outcome, compared with the current chest CT score. Furthermore, we suggest that the simple score should be used as it is simpler and more consistent.
Preparing students for psychiatry OSCE's in the COVID-19 pandemic. How can PsychSocs help?
Authors: Conti Isabella , Gilkinson Chloe 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe need for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has led medical schools to make use of video conferencing platforms in their Objective Structed Clinical Exams (OSCE) for the first time. Additionally the suspension of OSCE's in 2020 due to the pandemic ,has meant this cohort of final year students have never been examined on psychiatry skills. Our aims were to assess if our student psychiatry society (PsychSoc) run OSCE could help to prepare medical students for novel virtual stations ahead of their final examinations, and how this format of mock examination could be improved in the future.MethodOur PsychSoc (QUB Mind Matters) hosted a virtual mock psychiatry OSCE for 24 final year medical students using the video conference platform Zoom, approximately 1 month before their finals. The OSCE comprised 4 stations each lasting 8 minutes, and covered psychiatric history taking, risk assessment and drug counselling. Stations were marked by psychiatry trainees in individual breakout rooms to closely simulate real examination conditions. A post-event online questionnaire was distributed to all participants. 5-point Likert scales and free text responses were used to gather feedback regarding the content and delivery of the mock. A response rate of 100% was achieved (n = 24).ResultThe feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive, with 100% (n = 24) agreeing/strongly agreeing that the mock OSCE left them feeling more prepared for their final exam. 95.8% (n = 23) agreed that the opportunity to practice virtual OSCE stations improved their confidence, and all 24 students agreed/strongly agreed that they would like more practice of virtual OSCE stations. A common theme that emerged when asked how our mock could have been improved was the need for a group feedback session covering common pitfalls in addition to individual feedback.ConclusionThe lack of clinical experience and shift towards online learning has led to increased stress around clinical exams in the student population. PsychSocs can supplement formal teaching by providing students the opportunity to practice virtual communication and history taking skills that are not always covered in their undergraduate curriculum. However, as a psychiatry society our mock only assessed psychiatry skills, many of which may be relatively well suited to an online format. We would welcome further evaluation of the applicability of student run virtual mock OSCE's to other specialties. We have demonstrated that PsychSocs can offer much needed practice for students through mock OSCE's and have highlighted ways to enhance their delivery.
To identify errors in prescribing practice in an inpatient psychiatric unit and improve compliance with Mental Health Commission of Ireland regulations relating to prescribing
Authors: Corrigan Kate , Conlan-Trant Rebecca , Cleary Shannon 
Published: June 2021

AimsPrescribing errors can lead to patient harm and are a patient safety issue. In 2019 the Acute Psychiatric Unit in Tallaght Hospital was identified by the Mental Health Commission of Ireland as non-compliant with regulation 23 of the Mental Health Act pertaining to the Ordering, Prescribing, Storing and Administration of Medication. Compliance with regulation 23 is a mandatory condition for the registration of the Unit as an Approved Centre to provide treatment for mental illness in Ireland. Regular auditing was performed to identify areas of non-compliance in prescribing practices and where identified to improve upon these practices per Mental Health Commission standards.MethodA cross sectional review of 14–18 medication Kardexes was completed monthly from August – December 2020. Kardexes were audited against 20 standards set by the Mental Health Commission. An electronic audit tool was used to collect data. Medical teams were informed of any incidences of non-compliance. Education sessions delivered by both medical staff and the ward pharmacist were provided to junior doctors and consultants regarding the Mental Health Commission regulations for prescribing. We developed information leaflets that were placed at the front of Kardex folders highlighting key areas where errors were regularly made. Monthly staff emails were sent reminding prescribers of the importance of adhering to guidelines and updating them on the most recent audit results.ResultImprovements were noted in all aspects of prescribing over the five-month period. Prescriptions of non-proprietary medication improved from 40% of Kardexes to 87% over the five-month period. Recording of prescriber medical registration number improved from 80% to 87% of Kardexes. Documentation of the dates of initiation and discontinuation of a medication improved from 40% to 67%. The use of appropriate patient identifiers on Kardexes improved from 93% to 100%.ConclusionTargeting staff across multiple domains including emails, information leaflets and education sessions resulted in consistent improvements in medication prescribing. The Mental Health Commission has since inspected the Acute Psychiatric Unit in Tallaght Hospital in 2020 and deemed it fully complaint with regulation 23 pertaining to medication prescribing.
Insomnia management; don't sleep on it
Authors: Donnelly Maria , Mercadillo Nieves , Davidson Stuart 
Published: June 2021

AimsIn this project our aim was to improve patient safety and care by reducing hypnotic prescription medication administration. We also wanted to reduce over-prescribing/unnecessary prescribing which has a negative pharmaceutical impact on the environment and is a huge expenditure issue for the NHS. NICE guidance for Insomnia management states “After consideration of the use of non-pharmacological measures, hypnotic drug therapy is considered appropriate for the management of severe insomnia interfering with normal daily life; it is recommended that hypnotics should be prescribed for short periods of time only, in strict accordance with their licensed indications” Side effects are common with hypnotic usage including, most importantly, the development of tolerance and rebound insomnia.MethodThe interventions we implemented included the development of an educational presentation about insomnia, the development of an “Insomnia Management Flow chart” to be used at admission point, training sessions for ward staff, shared teaching programmes with patients at their sleep management sessions, face to face and email correspondence to inform medical trainees about this project and gathering feedback from patients and staff before and after this project.ResultThe results of this project demonstrated a total reduction in hypnotic tablet administration was very significant with a 44.5% reduction post intervention.ConclusionThis demonstrates the positive change in our clinical practice that has resulted from our interventions. This will improve patient safety and reduce cost of hypnotic medications for the NHS. Following on from this initial intervention, we feel that we can continue to make further changes and expand the changes we made on this ward, to other similar wards in our hospital, trust and to other inpatient psychiatric wards further afield.
Heart rate variability and emotion regulation in adults with eating disorders or obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Gilkinson Chloe , Schmidt Ulrike , Gallop Lucy , Flynn Michaela 
Published: June 2021

AimsEmotion regulation (ER) impairments are central trans-diagnostic phenomena across the spectrum of eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, where maladaptive eating behaviors act to suppress negative emotions. Self-report assessments are the most commonly used tools for assessing an individual's ER capacity, however, subjective self-reporting is limited by a tendency toward response bias and issues with common method variance. Prior empirical and theoretical research supports the use of heart rate variability (HRV) to objectively assess individual differences in ER capacity. Several studies have examined the association between HRV and ER in EDs and obesity. However, to date, no review synthesising the overall findings exists. This review aimed to summarise the empirical evidence that has examined the relationship between ER and HRV in adults with EDs/obesity, in addition to assessing the validity of HRV as a physiological biomarker of ER in these populations.MethodA comprehensive search was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE and PsycINFO, with identified studies screened against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eligible studies underwent quality-assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools, and data were synthesised qualitatively.Result17 publications were included, consisting of data on participants with obesity, binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa (AN), and/or subclinical presentations. Studies were small (average sample size n = 46.4), predominantly female (87.9%), and were highly variable in methodology, with different diagnostic tools, self-report measures, and emotional tasks/paradigms used.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that HRV is a valid, objective biomarker of ER impairments in AN, BN, BED, emotional eating, and obesity. Despite some inconsistencies, likely attributable to methodological heterogeneity, EDs/obesity appear to be characterised by irregular resting state vagal activity and abnormal stress reactivity. Furthermore, the autonomic dysfunction observed across EDs/obesity may be reversible by novel effective interventions such as HRV-biofeedback or PlayMancer videogame therapy.
HappyMaps: a single hub of resources on children and young people's mental health for parents and professionals
Authors: Griffiths Georgina , Krischer Jasmin , Roberts-Collins Cara , Lunts Elaine 
Published: June 2021

AimsMental health issues in children and young people are a growing concern and the benefits of intervening early are well established for many mental health problems, but existing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are often over-stretched with variable waiting times for assessment. Many children also have problems which do not reach the referral thresholds and parents are left to find advice elsewhere. Existing resources for parents are scattered across many different websites and therefore difficult to access both for parents and professionals working with young people. With this in mind, and in consultation with CAMHS Bristol and many other stake-holders (including parents themselves) we designed an easily navigable website intended as a single comprehensive portal of resources for parents of children with mental illness and difficulties.MethodQualitative research methods were used to gather information about how the website should be designed and also to gather feedback once the website was live. Focus groups were performed with parents/carers and stakeholder discussions took place to inform the design of the website. Once the website was live, surveys via a Survey Monkey link on the website and Google Analytics were used to evaluate the website.Result60,000 users have utilised the website since the launch in March 2019. Two thirds of users are women and one third are men. Most popular webpages that are visited are primary, secondary, help-in -a-crisis and self-help for young people. Positive feedback has been collected from both parents/carers and service providers. The website has continued to develop and is now a registered charity and has received community lottery funding, which will allow for further evaluation and developments.ConclusionHappyMaps has been successful in providing a single hub of information for parents/carers, GPs, CAMHS workers and teachers. Future work involves evaluating the website and attracting interest from other CAMHS teams and professionals in other areas of the UK so that they can create HappyMaps sections for their populations.
Improving the safety of rapid tranquilisation in older people
Authors: Harris Richard , Sheldon Rollo , McNulty Jane , Cherry Scott 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo identify intramuscular rapid tranquilisation (IMRT) events in all >65 years inpatients in Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (SPFT) and to establish whether accompanying documentation meets SPFT guidelines. This is a re-audit, initial data were collected in 2016. Multimodal intervention has been implemented since initial data collection. In psychiatric inpatients IMRT should be administered as a last resort to calm acutely disturbed patients after verbal de-escalation and an offer of oral medication has failed. IMRT can cause physical health complications and impact therapeutic relationships. Quality improvements made since initial data collection were: an IMRT treatment algorithm for >65s, a teaching package for staff, IMRT prescription area on medicine cards and post IMRT physical monitoring forms – in line with updates to trust IMRT policy.MethodRetrospective case note audit cycle of 119 patients. Electronic and paper records were reviewed for inpatients >65 years on 1/9/2019. Records were examined for instances of IMRT– the following features were noted: diagnosis; verbal de-escalation; oral medication offered prior to IMRT; IMRT prescription location; and post-IMRT monitoring. Descriptive statistics were performed. This audit was approved by the trust audit committee.ResultThere were 34 RT events in 17 patients, reduced from 83 RT events in 20 patients in 2016. De-escalation was attempted in 62% versus 34% in 2016, oral medication offered first in 71% versus 59% in 2016. Physical monitoring was fully completed in 50% of instances in 2019, an improvement from 23% in 2016.ConclusionEducation, a new treatment algorithm, medicine card changes, and IMRT physical monitoring forms have improved adherence to trust standards. There was a 49% reduction in IMRT events in 2019 versus 2016. De-escalation is being performed more frequently, and oral sedation offered in more cases. The physical monitoring of patients has improved.
A quality improvement project focused on improving the completion of ‘notification of diagnosis’ forms for the dementia register, in an outpatient setting
Authors: Johnston Katherine , Megahey Lauren 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe dementia register is designed to keep a record of all patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Following diagnosis, a ‘notification of diagnosis’ form should be completed and the patient added to the register. The register is used to collate figures and to assess capacity and demand on services.Our baseline audit revealed suboptimal completion of these forms, therefore we initiated a quality improvement project. Our aim was to achieve completion of the ‘notification of diagnosis’ forms in 50% of new memory patients seen in clinic and diagnosed with MCI or dementia, within 3 months.MethodA baseline audit of a random sample of 52 patients, from the 380 patients on the memory clinic list was analysed. 40 of these 52 patients had a diagnosis of MCI or dementia and when cross-matched with the dementia register, only 12 (30%) of the 40 were on the register.We designed an improvement project which focused on improving awareness of the process and facilitating ease of completion of the form, for example, by placing the form in all new patients’ notes. Our results were then monitored and reviewed on a monthly basis for 3 months, to assess the impact of these changes.ResultEach month, the percentage completion of the 'notification of diagnosis' forms was calculated for new memory patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia in clinic. In the first month of the project (November 2020), 75% completion of forms was achieved. This was a significant improvement from baseline. In December, 66.7% completion was achieved (plus one patient was already on the register) and in January 2021, there was 50% completion (plus one patient was already on the register).ConclusionThe results showed an improvement in the completion of forms from baseline, and we did reach the initial aim set at 50% by 3 months. However, the trend of the results showed a steady decline in percentage completion of forms over the 3 month period. We noted that over time the forms were no longer consistently placed in the new patients’ notes, reducing accessibility to the forms. Other potential factors include a reduction in enthusiasm/ a decline in prioritisation of this project over time. Suggestions have been made to facilitate ongoing improvement and the results will continue to be reviewed.