bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Rahman Sadia Isfat Ara , Nguyen To Nguyen Thi , Khanam Farhana , Thomson Nicholas R. , Dyson Zoe A. , Taylor-Brown Alyce , Chowdhury Emran Kabir , Dougan Gordon , Baker Stephen , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: October 2021

Background
The proportion of enteric fever cases caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A is increasing and may increase further as we begin to introduce typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). While numerous epidemiological and genomic studies have been conducted for S. Typhi, there are limited data describing the genomic epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A in especially in endemic settings, such as Bangladesh.

Principal findings
We conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 67 S. Paratyphi A isolated between 2008 and 2018 from eight enteric disease surveillance sites across Bangladesh. We performed a detailed phylogenetic analysis of these sequence data incorporating sequences from 242 previously sequenced S. Paratyphi A isolates from a global collection and provided evidence of lineage migration from neighboring countries in South Asia. The data revealed that the majority of the Bangladeshi S. Paratyphi A isolates belonged to the dominant global lineage A (67.2%), while the remainder were either lineage C (19.4%) or F (13.4%). The population structure was relatively homogenous across the country as we did not find any significant lineage distributions between study sites inside or outside Dhaka. Our genomic data showed presence of single point mutations in gyrA gene either at codon 83 or 87 associated with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in all Bangladeshi S. Paratyphi A isolates. Notably, we identified the pHCM2- like cryptic plasmid which was highly similar to S. Typhi plasmids circulating in Bangladesh and has not been previously identified in S. Paratyphi A organisms.

Significance
This study demonstrates the utility of WGS to monitor the ongoing evolution of this emerging enteric pathogen. Novel insights into the genetic structure of S. Paratyphi A will aid the understanding of both regional and global circulation patterns of this emerging pathogen and provide a framework for future genomic surveillance studies.
Mediating effects of nurses ‘personal and organizational values between organizational commitment and turnover: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Wentong , Gan Mengxin , Liu Yanhui , Yang Mengyu , Liu Jingying 
Published: October 2021

Background
The values of individuals and organizations are the core factors driving and guiding nurses’ decision-making and actions. Previous studies mainly focused on the impact of organizational commitment and other influencing factors on turnover intention.

Aim
To explore the mediating effect of personal and organizational values matching the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention of nursing staff.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 490 subjects in four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin was conducted by convenient sampling. Multivariate regression analysis and structural equation models were used to test each hypothesis.

Results
The results showed that there is a negative correlation between personal and organizational values, organizational commitment and turnover intention, and personal and organizational values played an indirect intermediary role between organizational commitment and turnover intention.

Conclusions
Organizational commitment reduces nurses’ turnover intention indirect through personal and organizational values paths. Leaders can improve nurses’ values as members of the organization, so as to participate in their own work more actively.

Implications for nursing management
Managers should effectively reduce the turnover rate and stabilize the nursing team by improving the organizational commitment and personal and organizational values of clinical nurses.
A whole-joint, unidimensional, irreversible, and fine-grained MRI knee osteoarthritis severity score, based on cartilage, osteophytes and meniscus (OA-COM)
Authors: Sayre Eric C. , Guermazi Ali , Nicolaou Savvas , Esdaile John M. , Kopec Jacek A. , Singer Joel , Wong Hubert , Thorne Anona , Cibere Jolanda 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To develop a whole-joint, unidimensional, irreversible, and fine-grained MRI knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity score, based on cartilage, osteophytes and meniscus (OA-COM), and to predict progression across different severity states using OA-COM as outcome and clinical variables as predictors.

Methods
Population-based knee pain cohort aged 40–79 was assessed at baseline and 7-year follow-up. OA-COM score was defined as the sum of MRI scores for cartilage, osteophytes and menisci, measured at 6, 8 and 6 sites, total score 0–54. To anchor severity levels, we fit cross-sectional logistic models using OA-COM to predict Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades in subsets at or one point below each grade. OA-COM threshold scores were selected on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. We developed longitudinal logistic models for OA-COM progression over each threshold over 7 years. Potential predictors included age, sex, BMI, malalignment, physical exam effusion, quadriceps weakness, and crepitus, selected on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC).

Results
Optimal OA-COM thresholds were 12, 18, 24 and 30, for KL grades 1 to 4. Significant predictors of progression (depending on threshold) included physical exam effusion, malalignment and female sex, with other selected predictors age, BMI and crepitus.

Conclusion
OA-COM (0–54 range) is a whole-joint, unidimensional, irreversible, and fine-grained MRI OA severity score reflecting cartilage, osteophytes and menisci. OA-COM scores 12, 18, 24 and 30 are equivalent to KL grades 1 to 4, while offering fine-grained differentiation of states between KL grades, and within pre-radiographic disease (KL = 0) or late-stage disease (KL = 4). In modeling, several clinical variables predicted progression across different states over 7 years.
Risk of lead exposure, subcortical brain structure, and cognition in a large cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children
Authors: Marshall Andrew T. , McConnell Rob , Lanphear Bruce P. , Thompson Wesley K. , Herting Megan M. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLead, a toxic metal, affects cognitive development at the lowest measurable concentrations found in children, but little is known about its direct impact on brain development. Recently, we reported widespread decreases in cortical surface area and volume with increased risks of lead exposure, primarily in children of low-income families.Methods and findingsWe examined associations of neighborhood-level risk of lead exposure with cognitive test performance and subcortical brain volumes. We also examined whether subcortical structure mediated associations between lead risk and cognitive performance. Our analyses employed across-sectional analysis of baseline data from the observational Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The multi-center ABCD Study used school-based enrollment to recruit a demographically diverse cohort of almost 11,900 9- and 10-year-old children from an initial 22 study sites. The analyzed sample included data from 8,524 typically developing child participants and their parents or caregivers. The primary outcomes and measures weresubcortical brain structure, cognitive performance using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox, and geocoded risk of lead exposure.Children who lived in neighborhoods with greater risks of environmental lead exposure exhibited smaller volumes of the mid-anterior (partial correlation coefficient [rp] = -0.040), central (rp= -0.038), and mid-posterior corpus callosum (rp= -0.035). Smaller volumes of these three callosal regions were associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests measuring language and processing speed. The association of lead exposure risk with cognitive performance was partially mediated through callosal volume, particularly the mid-posterior corpus callosum. In contrast, neighborhood-level indicators of disadvantage were not associated with smaller volumes of these brain structures.ConclusionsEnvironmental factors related to the risk of lead exposure may be associated with certain aspects of cognitive functioning via diminished subcortical brain structure, including the anterior splenium (i.e., mid-posterior corpus callosum).
Direct participation of people with communication disabilities in research on poverty and disabilities in low and middle income countries: A critical review
Authors: Jagoe Caroline , McDonald Caitlin , Rivas Minerva , Groce Nora 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
An estimated 1 billion people with disabilities live in low and middle income countries, a population that includes people with communication disabilities (PwCD). PwCD are a heterogenous group with a wide range of abilities who may be underrepresented in research due to the communication demands involved in research participation.

Methods
A critical analysis of 145 studies from a previously published systematic review was undertaken with the aim of documenting the opportunities for direct participation of PwCD in research on poverty and disability in low- and middle- income countries.

Results
The key finding was the high risk of underrepresentation of PwCD in research on poverty and disability in LMICs, despite low rates of explicit exclusion (n = 8; 5.5%). A total of 366 uses of data collection tools were analysed (255 unique tools). The majority of data collection tools had high communication demands (92.9%), including those measuring disability (88.6%) and those assessing poverty (100%). Only 22 studies (15.2%) specifically included PwCD. A subset of these studies (n = 14) presented disaggregated data in a way that allowed for analysis of outcomes for PwCD, suggesting a clear intersection between poverty and communication disability, with findings related to general poverty indicators, reduced access to education, low levels of employment, and additional expenditure.

Conclusions
The findings suggest a systematic underrepresentation of PwCD in research on poverty and disability with substantial implications for future policy and program planning, directly affecting the availability and provision of services and resources for this population. A failure to provide adequate opportunity for participation of PwCD in research risks leaving those with communication disabilities behind in the pursuit of global poverty eradication.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate may be an independent predictor for clinical outcomes regardless of acute kidney injury complication in the emergency department
Authors: Horie Ryohei , Endo Yuri , Doi Kent 
Published: October 2021

Study objectiveAcute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are all associated with poor clinical outcomes among emergency department (ED) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of renal dysfunction and the degree of eGFR reduction on the clinical outcomes in a real-world ED setting.MethodsAdult patients with an eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73m2in our ED, from October 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016, were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. Besides AKI and CKD, patients with unknown baseline renal function before an ED visit were categorized in the undetermined renal dysfunction (URD) category.ResultsAmong 1495 patients who had eGFR evaluation at ED, this study finally enrolled 441 patients; 22 patients (5.0%) had AKI only, 32 (7.3%) had AKI on CKD, 196 (44.4%) had CKD only, 27 (6.1%) had subclinical kidney injury (those who met neither criteria for AKI nor CKD), and 164 (37.2%) had URD. There was a significant association between eGFR and critical illness defined as the composite outcome of death or intensive care unit (ICU) need, hospitalization, ICU need, death, and renal replacement therapy need (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.72 [1.45–2.05], 1.36 [1.16–1.59], 1.66 [1.39–2.00], 1.73 [1.32–2.28], and 2.71 [1.73–4.24] for every 10 mL/min/1.73m2of reduction, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed eGFR was an independent predictor of critical illness composite outcome (death or ICU need), hospitalization, and ICU need even after adjustment with AKI or URD.ConclusionsEstimated GFR may be a sufficient predictor of clinical outcomes of ED patients regardless of AKI complication. Considerable ED patients were determined as URD, which might have a significant impact on the ED statistics regarding renal dysfunction.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis B infection prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Balegha Augustine Ngmenemandel , Yidana Adadow , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionHepatitis B infection remains a public health threat associated with undesirable statistics of morbidity and mortality. Good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hepatitis B infection (HBI) prevention are essential for HBI control. However, there is limited evidence concerning the KAP of HBI prevention among nursing students, who are significantly exposed to HBI. We assessed the KAP of HBI prevention and the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana.MethodsWe administered an online cross-sectional survey in November 2020 to a stratified random sample of 402 nursing students in two nursing training colleges in the Upper West Region. Using STATA version 13, we computed composite scores of KAP of HBI prevention with maximum scores of 18 for knowledge and 8 each for attitude and practice. A generalised ordered logistic regression model was run to assess the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention.ResultsThe students had moderate median scores for knowledge (12.00; IQR = 10–13) and attitude (6.00; IQR = 5.00–7.00) but a poor median score (5.00; IQR = 4.00–6.00) for the practice of HBI prevention. High knowledge (aOR = 2.05;p= 0.06), good attitude, being a male, second year student and having parents with tertiary education were significantly associated with higher likelihoods (aOR >1;p< 0.05) of demonstrating good practice of HBI prevention. Students who had never married were significantly (aOR = 0.34;p= 0.010) less likely to exhibit good practice of HBI prevention.ConclusionThe KAP scores of HBI prevention among the students were sub-optimal. We recommend institution-based policies and regular education on HBI prevention, free/subsidised HBI prevention services, and the enforcement of proper professional ethics on HBI prevention in nursing training colleges. Such interventions should predominantly target female, non-married and first year nursing students.
On Huisman’s conjectures about unramified real curves
Authors: Kummer Mario , Manevich Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLetX⊂ ℙnbe an unramified real curve withX(ℝ) ≠ 0. Ifn≥ 3 is odd, Huisman [9] conjectured thatXis anM-curve and that every branch ofX(ℝ) is a pseudo-line. Ifn≥ 4 is even, he conjectures thatXis a rational normal curve or a twisted form of such a curve. Recently, a family of unramifiedM-curves in ℙ3providing counterexamples to the first conjecture was constructed in [11]. In this note we construct another family of counterexamples that are not evenM-curves. We remark that the second conjecture follows for generic curves of odd degree from the de Jonquières formula.
Liouville Theorems for Fractional Parabolic Equations
Authors: Chen Wenxiong , Wu Leyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we establish several Liouville type theorems for entire solutions to fractional parabolic equations. We first obtain the key ingredients needed in the proof of Liouville theorems, such as narrow region principles and maximum principles for antisymmetric functions in unbounded domains, in which we remarkably weaken the usual decay condition

u
→
0

u\to 0

at infinity to a polynomial growth on 𝑢 by constructing proper auxiliary functions. Then we derive monotonicity for the solutions in a half space

R
+
n

×
R

\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}\times\mathbb{R}

and obtain some new connections between the nonexistence of solutions in a half space

R
+
n

×
R

\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}\times\mathbb{R}

and in the whole space

R

n
-
1

×
R

\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\times\mathbb{R}

and therefore prove the corresponding Liouville type theorems. To overcome the difficulty caused by the nonlocality of the fractional Laplacian, we introduce several new ideas which will become useful tools in investigating qualitative properties of solutions for a variety of nonlocal parabolic problems.
The New Ephemeris and Light Curve Analysis of V870 Ara by the Ground-Based and TESS Data
Authors: Poro Atila , Blackford Mark G. , Davoudi Fatemeh , Mohandes Amirreza , Madani Mohammad , Rezaei Samaneh , Bozorgzadeh Elnaz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
New CCD photometric observations and their investigation of the W UMa-type binary, V870 Ara, are presented. Light curves of the system were taken through BVIfilters from the Congarinni Observatory in Australia. The new ephemeris is calculated based on seven new determined minimum times, together with the TESS data and others compiled from the literature. Photometric solutions determined by the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) code are combined with the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the adjustable parameters’ uncertainties. These solutions suggest that V870 Ara is a contact binary system with a mass ratio of 0.082, a fillout factor of 96±4 percent, and an inclination of 73.60±0.64 degrees. The absolute parameters of V870 Ara were determined by combining the Gaia EDR3 parallax and photometric elements.
From Xu to the Development of L2 Interactional Competence: A Conversation Analytic Case Study
Authors: Yang Mei , Lu Xiaofei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dialogues are fundamentally driven by xu (C. Wang, 2016, 2017), a Chinese word meaning continuation that captures the process in which interlocutors participate in interaction through the actions of (utterance) completion, (content) extension, and (topic) creation (CEC). This article reports a conversation analytic case study designed to investigate how the continuation strategies of CEC are used in real-time communication to achieve mutual understanding, and thus to construct intersubjectivity (Verhagen, 2005) and promote the development of second language (L2) interactional competence. Our data consisted of audio and video recordings of a 25-minute conversation between two L2 English speakers, one expert and one novice, and a stimulated recall interview with them. Results revealed that the expert employed CEC at the early stage of interaction to maintain successful communication, and the novice gradually aligned with the expert and used CEC to achieve mutual understanding, construct intersubjectivity, and create opportunities for interaction and learning at the late stage, displaying her development of L2 interactional competence. Our findings have useful implications for theoretical and methodological development of the xu-argument studies as well as for xu-based L2 pedagogy.
Effects of Reading-Listening Integrated Dictation on Chinese EFL Students’ Listening Performance
Authors: Miao Haiyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study examines the effects of reading-listening integrated dictation on Chinese college-level English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ listening. Different from previous research that explored reading while listening for listening development, this study combined the two skills in dictation in which listening was a continuation of reading. Participants were two groups of first-year Chinese EFL learners who were exposed to the target language under two conditions: the traditional dictation (i. e., listening-only) and the reading-listening integrated dictation in a counterbalanced order. Three datasets were collected: listening performance, perception questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Results indicated that the reading-listening integrated dictation was superior in terms of learning gains from listening and that their effect was commensurate with dictation text difficulty. The findings also showed that the reading-listening integrated dictation could enhance EFL students’ confidence and interest and make the use of strategies possible during listening.
Deformations of Strong Kähler with torsion metrics
Authors: Piovani Riccardo , Sferruzza Tommaso 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Existence of strong Kähler with torsion metrics, shortly SKT metrics, on complex manifolds has been shown to be unstable under small deformations. We find necessary conditions under which the property of being SKT is stable for a smooth curve of Hermitian metrics {ω

t }

t which equals a fixed SKT metric ω for t = 0, along a differentiable family of complex manifolds {M

t
}
t
.
Analysis of patterns of use, production, and activity in kid YouTuber channels. A longitudinal study through three cultural contexts: United States, United Kingdom, and Spain
Authors: Martínez-Pastor Esther , Vizcaíno-Laorga Ricardo , Atauri-Mezquida David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the data collected about 5,388 videos from the 15 leading channels from Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States focusing on toys and in which the protagonists are children under 14 years of age (2011–2019). It aims to determine whether there are common patterns of use, production, and activity in videos by kid YouTubers. Specific software was developed to enable information to be gathered from the YouTube platform through the YouTube Data API by analyzing the date on which the video was published, length, number of visits, likes, dislikes, and visits/vote (visits/[likes+dislikes]). The main conclusions drawn are that a channel’s success is not dependent on a pattern or specific characteristics, although an impulse pattern has been detected; participation by children who consume content in the United States differs significantly from participation by those in Europe; and certain similarities based on video length and production frequency can be observed between channels.
„I dette sataniske Evangelium“
Authors: Nagelstutz Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During the Second World War, a few well-educated Greenlanders from the Danish colonies of Godthåb and Holsteinsborg expressed their sympathy for Nazi Germany. However, the background of the political turmoil within the Greenlandic elite remains largely unknown. This article presents the state of research and previously unknown sources on the Nazi riots in Greenland. In a subsequent step, potential motives for the movement will be discussed. So far, researchers have ruled out that Greenlanders were aware of the true nature of National Socialism. Instead, the scattered pro-German activities along Greenland’s West coast have been played down as spontaneous acts of provocation and mere political calculus. In fact, the Nazis’ ideology and war crimes were well known to the Greenlanders. In addition, German polar researchers made friends with Greenlandic journalists, teachers and catechists after the Nazi seizure of power. Last not least, the article will examine how Danish discrimination against Greenlanders contributed to the Greenlandic chauvinism displayed by a few members of the Inuit elite.