bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РЕНТАБЕЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Zabedyuk M.  
Published: September 2021

У статті здійснено дослідження теоретичних основ рентабельності підприємства. Зокрема, досліджено сутність поняття «рентабельність», функції та види рентабельності. Розглянуто причини низької рентабельності діяльності підприємств в Україні в сучасних умовах та запропоновано шляхи її підвищення.
Дослідження існуючих підходів до трактування поняття рентабельності дозволило узагальнити основні ознаки, що характеризують рентабельність, а саме: співвідношення прибутку з витратами, здатність отримувати прибуток, бачення рентабельності як економічного інструменту, як основного критерію економічної ефективності, як показника ефективності роботи підприємства тощо.
Визначено основні причини низької рентабельності діяльності вітчизняних підприємств в сучасних умовах, а саме: зниження обсягів прибутків, суттєве підвищення собівартості виробництва, недостатність та неефективність інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності суб’єктів господарювання, недостатній контроль з боку державних органів щодо достовірності звітних даних, показників собівартості, прибутку, ціноутворення тощо.
Сформовано основні напрямки, які б дозволили підвищити рентабельність суб’єктів господарювання: реалізація більших обсягів прибуткової продукції, робіт, послуг; оптимізація асортименту продукції, робіт, послуг; інноваційні напрямки зниження собівартості продукції, робіт, послуг; диверсифікація діяльності; активізація інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності в цілому; удосконалення системи мотивації праці тощо.
Randomised controlled trial on estrus and conception impacts of reproductive and nutrition interventions on Kenyan smallholder dairy farms.
Authors: VanLeeuwen John , Joan Muraya  , George K. Gitau  , Dennis N. Makau  , M. Bronwyn Crane  , Shawn LB McKenna  , Jeff J. Wichtel  
Published: September 2021

This field trial tested the hypothesis that providing Kenyan smallholder dairy farmers with training and resources can enhance cows’ cyclicity and conception using conventional or sexed semen. One hundred farmers were randomly selected and randomly allocated to five equal-sized intervention groups: 1) reproduction only; 2) nutrition only; 3) reproduction and nutrition; 4) education only (quasi-control); or 5) nothing (control). Reproductive interventions included provision of prostaglandin F2? (PG) and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to induce estrus, and reproduction education. Nutrition interventions included provision of leguminous shrubs and nutrition education. At monthly visits over 17 months, farm and cattle data were collected, and open cattle underwent physical and reproductive exams to determine readiness for farmer decisions on sexed semen utilization. Cox proportional hazards modeling (CoxPH) was used to determine if intervention group was significantly associated with risk of conception. The final dataset included 191 cows and 26 heifers. Lowest and highest heat submission percentages were 8.5% and 35.5% in the control and reproduction groups, respectively. Conception percentages in cows and heifers were 44.0% and 54.5% for sexed semen and 72% and 79% for conventional semen, respectively. In the final multivariable CoxPH model, each unit increase in average body condition score was associated with 3.5 times higher risk of conception. Cattle that were inseminated following spontaneous heat had 1.8 times higher risk of conception over cows that were inseminated following a hormone-induced heat. In a significant interaction variable, when cows were supplemented with dairy meal in the last month of gestation, a higher risk of conception was achieved in cows on groups where leguminous shrubs were fed compared to groups where no leguminous shrubs were fed. This study concludes that focused effort on improving reproduction through education, hormone use and improved nutrition can improve heat submission and conception percentages on Kenyan smallholder dairy farms.
Partie I. Réserve de croissance
Authors: Département analyse et prévision  , Heyer Éric , Timbeau Xavier 
Published: September 2021

Les prévisions internationales sont réalisées sous l’hypothèse que la progression de l’immunité collective permettra une levée significative des contraintes dans l’ensemble des pays à partir de l’été 2021. La croissance mondiale serait alors de 5,5 % en 2021, après une contraction de 3,4 % en 2020. Dans les grands pays développés, la croissance serait de 3 % en Allemagne, 4 % en Italie, 6 % au Royaume-Uni, compensant une partie de la chute d’activité observée en 2020. Les États-Unis enregistreraient quant à eux une reprise supérieure à la récession de l’an passé (6 % après -3,5 %). Le soutien public au revenu disponible des ménages en 2020 a conduit à une forte accumulation d’épargne. Fin 2021, l’épargne additionnelle, du fait de la crise de la Covid-19, hors épargne de précaution, atteindrait 9 points de revenu disponible en Allemagne. Cette épargne se situerait autour de 12 points en Italie et en Espagne, à près de 15 points au Royaume-Uni et 16 points aux États-Unis. En 2022, la conjoncture mondiale dépendra fortement de l’utilisation par les ménages de cette « épargne-Covid » accumulée. Si un cinquième du surcroît d’épargne est consommé en 2022, la croissance serait de 5,5 % en Allemagne et en Italie, d’environ 8 % en Espagne et 6 % aux États-Unis. Si cette épargne n’est pas consommée, la croissance serait alors de 4 % en Allemagne et en Italie, d’environ 6 % en Espagne et 4 % aux États-Unis. Les implications pour la dette publique sont importantes.
Partie II. Le temps de la reprise
Authors: Département analyse et prévision  , Heyer Éric , Timbeau Xavier 
Published: September 2021

En France, sur la base du calendrier sanitaire annoncé par le gouvernement, la croissance du PIB serait de +5 % en moyenne annuelle en 2021, la consommation des ménages et des administrations publiques rebondirait de 4 % et l’investissement de 7 %. La contribution extérieure serait positive en 2021, compensant la moitié des pertes extérieures encaissées en 2020. Fin 2021, le niveau d’activité serait inférieur de 1 % à son niveau observé au quatrième trimestre 2019. En 2021, les branches les plus affectées par le choc sont l’hôtellerie-restauration, les services de transport, la fabrication de matériels de transport, la cokéfaction-raffinage et les services aux ménages qui représentent 12 % du PIB mais contribuent à 60 % des pertes d’activité. Sur la période 2020-2021, les entreprises encaisseraient près de 90 milliards de pertes dans leurs fonds propres. Les administrations publiques absorberaient environ 80 % de la perte de revenu totale de l’économie sur les années 2020-2021. Enfin l’« épargne-Covid » des ménages, accumulée sur deux ans, va représenter environ 160 milliards, soit plus de 10 points de leur revenu annuel. Les prévisions pour 2022 dépendent de manière cruciale de l’utilisation de l’« épargne-Covid » accumulée par les ménages. Dans un scénario où 20 % de ce surplus d’épargne est consommé, la croissance française serait de 6 % en 2022, le taux de chômage à 8,7 % et la dette à 115 % du PIB. Dans le cas où cette « épargne-Covid » n’est pas du tout consommée, le taux de croissance serait de 4,3 %, le taux de chômage de 9,4 % et la dette publique à 117 % du PIB en 2022.
Simulation of COVID-19 Outbreaks via Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Authors: Mohd Jamil Norazaliza , Rosli Norhayati , Muhammad Noryanti 
Published: September 2021

Background This research aimed to model the outbreak of COVID-19 in Malaysia and develop a GUI-based model. Design and methods The model is an improvement of the susceptible, infected, recovery, and death (SIRD) compartmental model. The epidemiological parameters of the infection, recovery, and death rates were formulated as time dependent piecewise functions by incorporating the control measures of lockdown, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown lifting time and the percentage of people who abide by the rules. An improved SIRD model was solved via the 4th order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method and 14 unknown parameters were estimated by using Nelder- Mead algorithm and pattern-search technique. The publicly available data for COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia was used to validate the performance of the model. The GUI-based SIRD model was developed to simulate the number of active cases of COVID-19 over time by considering movement control order (MCO) lifted date and the percentage of people who abide the rules. Results The simulator showed that the improved SIRD model adequately fitted Malaysia COVID-19 data indicated by low values of root mean square error (RMSE) as compared to other existing models. The higher the percentage of people following the SOP, the lower the spread of disease. Another key point is that the later the lifting time after the lockdown, the lower the spread of disease. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of the society to obey the intervention measures in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 disease.
Prevalence and Distribution of Selected Developmental Dental Anomalies in Taif, Saudi Population
Authors: Aljuaid Theeb Saed Saad , Manjunatha Bhari Sharanesha , Amith Holenarasipur Vasantakumar , Alshehri Rayan Ali , Alharthi Faisal Bandar , Kariri Abdulrahman Mousa 
Published: September 2021

Background Developmental dental anomalies are seen as abnormalities in tooth size, shape, position, and structure due to multiple reasons during various stages of tooth development. These anomalies can create disturbances in dental arch lengths and occlusions. Hence, it is very important to treat, recognise and perform proper treatment. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence and distribution of selected developmental anomalies in shape, size and position of teeth in the Saudi population of Taif Region. Design and methods The study was based on the clinical examination of 2481 adults who are Saudi nationals came for dental treatment from September 2019 to February 2020, at Taif University Dental Hospital, Saudi Arabia. These patients were examined clinically for developmental dental anomalies affecting shape, size and position. Results We found that a total of 512 individuals (20.63%) had developmental anomalies and out of which 386 persons (15.56%) had at least one developmental dental anomaly. The frequency and distribution of anomalies of shape and size, number and position were 46.8%, 26.9% and 42.9% respectively. In the present study, 15.56% individuals exhibited at least one anomaly, 8.54% subjects had more than one anomaly and 79.36%.did not any developmental anomaly. On comparison, statistically significant results were seen between different groups of anomalies. Conclusions The present study had varying results for the prevalence rate of selected dental anomalies. This variation in results might be due racial differences or discrepancy in sample size or/and diagnostic or inclusion criteria. Treatment of developmental anomalies necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and mostly may comprise of orthodontic correction or prosthetic replacement.
Bioethanol Production Through Syngas Fermentation by a Novel Immobilized Bioreactor Using Clostridium Ragsdalei
Authors: Sertkaya Simge , Keskin Gundogdu Tugba , Kennes Christian , Azbar Nuri 
Published: September 2021

Global energy demand has been escalating creating ever increasing pressure on climate crisis caused by fossil-based fuels. Humankind is now desperately in need of alternative and sustainable energy sources. Therefore, biofuels provide promising solution.
Amongst the various biofuels, bioethanol from syngas, which is a mixture of, mostly, CO, CO2, N2, H2, and CH4 gases has been drawing increasing attention recently. Regarding this, the conversion of syngas to bioethanol, an alternative biofuel to fossil fuels, is considered a promising approach to reduce the negative effects of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In this study, a novel immobilized cell bioreactor, where Clostridium ragsdalei was grown, was designed and used to achieve an efficient production of ethanol regarding volumetric production. For this purpose, a 300 mL immobilized reactor filled with ceramic balls as immobilization material was set and operated at 30oC throughout the study where CO gas as the main substrate was fed at rate of 6 ml/min continuously. Results showed ethanol and acetic acid concentrations reaching up to 1.4 g/L and 0.2 g/L, respectively, after 600h with a volumetric production rate of 0,0023g ethanol/L/h. We believe, the ceramic ball was used for bioethanol production for syngas for the first time.
Avrupa Topluluğu Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin İstatistiki Sınıflandırılması Kullanılarak Dengesiz Veri Setlerinde Sınıflandırma Problemine Bakış
Authors: Bektas Yasin , BEKTAŞ Jale 
Published: September 2021

Dengesiz ve çok sınıflı veri setlerinde klasik sınıflandırıcıların kullanılması her zaman bir sorun oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada Avrupa Topluluğunda Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin İstatistiki Sınıflaması (NACE) kodlarının tanımları üzerinde çok bilinen sınıflandırıcılar ile bir metin madenciliği uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle orjinal verinin dengesiz yapısı üzerinde uygulama yapılmış, daha sonra sınıf bazında ağırlıklandırma yöntemiyle dengeli hale getirilerek sonuç verisi üzerinde tekrar test edilerek performans ölçümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Testlerde Karar Ağaçları, Naiv Bayes, Destek Vektör Makineleri, Çapsal Tabanlı Fonksiyonlar ve Rastgele Orman algoritmaları gibi yaygın kullanılan sınıflandırıcılar kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bize Karar Ağaçlarının veri dengelenmesi neticesinde F-skor değerinin %17.43’ den %92’ ye çıkarak en iyi performansı verdiğini göstermiştir.
Concepciones sobre enseñanza-aprendizaje del profesorado y su práctica educativa en clases de ciencias naturales
Authors: Nistal María Teresa Fernández , Argüelles Guadalupe de la Paz Ross , Ibarra Santa Magdalena Mercado , Ávila Eneida Ochoa , Hernández Claudia García 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuyos objetivos fueron identificar las concepciones sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de 62 profesores de Sonora (México), que imparten clases de ciencias naturales en secundaria, y estudiar la relación de estas concepciones con su práctica educativa en el aula. Para la obtención de los datos se realizaron observaciones de las clases y se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a los profesores. Un análisis cualitativo a las respuestas del profesorado en la entrevista indicó que la concepción sobre la enseñanza más frecuente fue la de transición entre una perspectiva tradicional y una constructivista, seguida de la tradicional. La concepción constructivista fue la menos frecuente. Por otro lado, el análisis de la práctica educativa de los profesores en el aula indicó un predominio del modelo de enseñanza tradicional de transmisión-recepción, aunque aproximadamente la mitad de los profesores incorporaron en sus prácticas algunas estrategias de enseñanza constructivistas. El análisis de la relación entre las concepciones de los profesores y sus prácticas educativas mostró algunas incoherencias. En general, los profesores presentaron una enseñanza más tradicional en su comportamiento en clase que lo manifestado en la entrevista sobre cómo enseñan. Estos resultados presentan implicaciones en el diseño de cursos de formación y actualización docente.

This article presents the results of an investigation whose objectives were to identify the conceptions about teaching and learning of 62 teachers of Sonora (Mexico), who teach natural sciences in secondary school, and to study the relationship of these conceptions with their educational practice in the classroom. To obtain the data, classroom observations were made and a semi-structured interview was applied to the teachers. A qualitative analysis of the teachers' responses in the interview indicated that the most frequent conception of teaching was the transition between a traditional and a constructivist perspective, followed by the traditional one. The constructivist conception was the least frequent. On the other hand, the analysis of the teachers' educational practice in the classroom indicated a predominance of the traditional transmission-reception teaching model, although approximately half of the teachers incorporated some constructivist teaching strategies in their practices. The analysis of the relationship between the teachers' conceptions and their educational practices showed some inconsistencies. In general, teachers presented a more traditional teaching in their classroom behavior than what was manifested in the interview about how they teach. These results have implications for the design of teacher training and updating courses.
“investigación en enseñanza de la carrera educación básica” Guayaquil, ecuador, 18 y 19 de agosto del 2017
Authors: Chantong Sandra Patricia , Pazmiño Maira Janeth Monar , Parreño Gloria Verónica 
Published: September 2021

Conocedoras de la relevancia que tiene la educación infantil en la vida de los seres humanos, etapa en la que se desarrolla su inteligencia, personalidad, comportamiento social y otras potencialidades, consideramos que es importante hacer cambios en nuestra labor educativa y aplicar métodos activos de enseñanza- aprendizaje, promoviendo la participación de los estudiantes en proyectos de aula, trabajo colaborativo y a partir de la experiencia crear su propio conocimiento con la guía de los docentes. Nuestra propuesta es la visita al mercado del barrio con la finalidad de que conozcan su comunidad y de que se sientan orgullosos de su cultura y costumbres; destacar la diferencia entre la comida nutritiva y alimentos chatarra; reconocer la labor que realizan los vendedores en el mercado; resaltar valores como la honestidad y el respeto; conocer las reglas del aseo para la conservación de los alimentos y cuidado del medio ambiente. Aplicar esta estrategia activa permite utilizar de manera apropiada recursos de nuestro entorno, crear el sentido de pertenencia, mejorar el desempeño escolar, la participación creativa de los estudiantes en cada uno de los ambientes de aprendizajes y aumentar su capacidad lingüística.
Knowing the relevance of the education of children in the life of human beings, a stage in which their intelligence, personality, social behavior and other potential develops, we consider that it is important to make changes in our educational work and to apply active teaching methods - learning, promoting the participation of students in classroom projects, collaborative work and based on the experience, to create their own knowledge with the guidance of teachers. Our proposal is the visit to the market of the neighborhood in order that they know their community and that they are proud of their culture and customs; to recognize the difference between nutritious food and junk foods; Recognize the work of marketers in the market; to exalt values ​​such as honesty and respect; to know the rules of cleanliness for food preservation and care of the environment. Applying this active strategy allows us to appropriately use resources from our environment, create a sense of belonging, improve school performance in students, creative participation of students in every learning environment and increase their language ability.
Administración pública y el presupuesto participativo en los gobiernos municipales de la Provincia de Santo Domingo-Ecuador
Authors: Toala Félix Sixto Pilay , Peñate Mikel Ugando , Carvajal María Jahaira Álava 
Published: September 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si los gobiernos municipales de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, como parte esencial de la administración pública elaboran el presupuesto anual de manera participativa, como lo determina la Constitución de la República, el Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomía y Descentralización, Código Orgánico de planificación y Finanzas Públicas y el código orgánico de Participación Ciudadana. El desarrollo de la metodología se establece a través de un enfoque mixto, con una población de estudio en los cantones de Santo Domingo y La Concordia, se aplicaron 385 encuestas con un cuestionario estructurado y también semiestructurado a hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 69 años, se realizaron entrevistas a líderes de opinión tanto locales como nacionales; la técnica de observación, fue empleada en visitas a las zonas vulnerables, además se realizó una experimentación social. Dentro de los resultados, se evidencian las causas para el deficiente acceso a las necesidades prioritarias y las razones para que los recursos económicos que ingresan a la entidad municipal no son distribuidos de manera adecuada. Existe un marco legal propicio para que los gobiernos locales elaboren su presupuesto de forma participativa, de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en la encuesta, existe carencia de un modelo de gestión simplificado.

The objective of the investigation is to determine whether the municipal governments of the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, as an essential part of the public administration, prepare the annual budget in a participatory manner, as determined by the Constitution of the Republic, the Organic Code of Territorial Organization, Autonomy and Decentralization, Organic Code of Planning and Public Finance and the Organic Code of Citizen Participation. The development of the methodology is established through a mixed approach, with a study population in the cantons of Santo Domingo and La Concordia, 385 surveys were applied with a structured and semi-structured questionnaire to men and women between 18 and 69 years old. interviews were conducted with local and national opinion leaders; The observation technique was used in visits to vulnerable areas, and a social experimentation was also carried out. Among the results, the causes for the deficient access to the priority needs and the reasons for the economic resources that enter the municipal entity are not distributed adequately. There is a favorable legal framework for local governments to prepare their budget in a participatory way, according to the data obtained in the survey, there is a lack of a simplified management model.
Kontribusi dan Dinamika Kehidupan Muslim di Republik Yaman (Kajian Sejarah Dakwah)
Authors: Faridah Faridah , Yusuf Muhammad , Wahyudi Raden Firdaus 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini mengungkap tentang Kontribusi dan Dinamika Kehidupan Muslim di Republik Yaman (Kajian Sejarah Dakwah), ada tiga aspek yang menjadi bahan analisis dalam hal ini yakni sejarah kedatangan Islam di Republik Yaman, terjadinya konflik di Republik Yaman dan kontribusi peradaban Islam Republik Yaman bagi dunia. Kedatangan Islam di Yaman terjadi pada masa pemerintahan Gubernur Persia Badhan . Islam masuk ke Yaman bermula pada tahun 630 M. Nabi Muhammad SAW mengutus Ali bin Abi Thalib RA saudara sepupu sekaligus menantunya ke Sana'a dan sekitarnya untuk menyampaikan syiar Islam. Namun, kehidupan di Republik Yaman diwarnai oleh konflik yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor dan kepentingan termasuk ekonomi, sosial, agama dan politik. Meskipun demikian Republik Yaman memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar bagi peradaban dunia yakni mentransfer banyak pengetahuan, berpartisipasi dalam mendirikan kota dan membangun benteng, serta pembangunan istana dan keterampilan lainnya. Di samping itu penduduk Republik Yaman terlibat aktif di kancah kemiliteran pada masa kekhalifahan, mereka turut berpartisipasi dalam ekspedisi perluasan wilayah Islam yang berakhir sukses.