bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streamlining geospatial data processing for isotopic landscape modeling
Authors: Woo Jungha , Zhao Lan , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStable isotopic landscape modeling has become a promising approach for answering research questions in multiple disciplines. However, its application has been hindered by the difficulty for individual researchers to collect, compile, and integrate environmental and isotopic data over large spatial and temporal scales and to develop and interpret geostatistical models. To address these challenges, we developed IsoMAP (http://isomap.org), a science gateway that enables researchers to access and integrate a number of disparate and diverse datasets, develop isoscape models over selected spatiotemporal domains using geostatistical algorithms, predict maps for the stable isotopic ratios, and associate a sample's isotope value with its most likely geographic origin. One main challenge in developing IsoMAP is to efficiently integrate large heterogeneous datasets into the modeling workflow to ensure real‐time query response and timely data update. In this paper, we described how the geospatial data processing workflow was implemented in the initial version of gateway and how it has been improved by leveraging the built‐in vector and raster data processing capabilities and the materialized view object of the PostgreSQL/PostGIS database. Our experience and lessons learned will be applicable to the development of other geospatial data workflows, a common task in the cyberinfrastructure of many science disciplines.
Role of Low Molecular Weight Polymers on the Dynamics of Silicon Anodes During Casting
Authors: Burdette‐Trofimov Mary K. , Armstrong Beth L. , Murphy Ryan P. , Heroux Luke , Doucet Mathieu , Trask Stephen E. , Rogers Alexander M. , Veith Gabriel M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work probes the slurry architecture of a high silicon content electrode slurry with and without low molecular weight polymeric dispersants as a function of shear rate to mimic electrode casting conditions for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and lithium neutralized poly(acrylic acid) (LiPAA) based electrodes. Rheology coupled ultra‐small angle neutron scattering (rheo‐USANS) was used to examine the aggregation and agglomeration behavior of each slurry as well as the overall shape of the aggregates. The addition of dispersant has opposing effects on slurries made with PAA or LiPAA binder. With a dispersant, there are fewer aggregates and agglomerates in the PAA based silicon slurries, while LiPAA based silicon slurries become orders of magnitude more aggregated and agglomerated at all shear rates. The reorganization of the PAA and LiPAA binder in the presence of dispersant leads to a more homogeneous slurry and a more heterogeneous slurry, respectively. This reorganization ripples through to the cast electrode architecture and is reflected in the electrochemical cycling of these electrodes.
LGR6 marks nephron progenitor cells
Authors: van Ineveld Ravian L. , Margaritis Thanasis , Kooiman Berend A.P. , Groenveld Femke , Ariese Hendrikus C.R. , Lijnzaad Philip , Johnson Hannah R. , Korving Jeroen , Wehrens Ellen J. , Holstege Frank , van Rheenen Jacco , Drost Jarno , Rios Anne C. , Bos Frank L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNephron progenitor cells (NPCs) undergo a stepwise process to generate all mature nephron structures. Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) is considered a multistep process of NPC differentiation to ensure progressive establishment of new nephrons. However, despite this important role, to date, no marker for NPCs undergoing MET in the nephron exists.ResultsHere, we identify LGR6 as a NPC marker, expressed in very early cap mesenchyme, pre‐tubular aggregates, renal vesicles, and in segments of S‐shaped bodies, following the trajectory of MET. By using a lineage tracing approach in embryonic explants in combination with confocal imaging and single‐cell RNA sequencing, we provide evidence for the multiple fates of LGR6+ cells during embryonic nephrogenesis. Moreover, by using long‐term in vivo lineage tracing, we show that postnatal LGR6+ cells are capable of generating the multiple lineages of the nephrons.ConclusionsGiven the profound early mesenchymal expression and MET signature of LGR6+ cells, together with the lineage tracing of mesenchymal LGR6+ cells, we conclude that LGR6+ cells contribute to all nephrogenic segments by undergoing MET. LGR6+ cells can therefore be considered an early committed NPC population during embryonic and postnatal nephrogenesis with potential regenerative capability.
Connecting the greatest rivers in China and America: The Yangtze‐Mississippi River EcoPartnership
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Daqing , Yang Bo , Guo Qiaoyu , Tansey Bob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRivers are the birthplace of human civilization and the foundation for modern development. Rivers and watersheds support the livelihoods of surrounding communities. A healthy watershed can help alleviate floods and droughts, nourish forests, replenish groundwater, maintain fisheries, and provide for rich and diverse human life. However, the unreasonable development and use of rivers by human beings has strongly disrupted the natural health of rivers, and freshwater ecosystems are losing species and habitats rapidly. In 2012, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Yangtze River Basin Fisheries Resources Management Commission (YFC) came together to form an EcoPartnership to help preserve the natural fisheries of two great rivers in China and America, the Yangtze and the Mississippi. Through the past decade, TNC and YFC have been working together to promote collaboration on river conservation ‐ tackling the common challenges faced by freshwater ecosystems, sharing experiences and lessons, and exploring ways to protect the services and functions of river ecosystems.
Motivation to recover for adolescent and adult eating disorder patients in residential treatment
Authors: Manwaring Jamie , Blalock Dan V. , Le Grange Daniel , Duffy Alan , McClanahan Susan F. , Johnson Craig , Mehler Philip S. , Plotkin Millie , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess how baseline motivation to recover impacts eating disorder (ED) and comorbid symptoms at end‐of‐treatment (EOT) for adolescents and adults in inpatient/residential treatment.MethodTwo hundred and three adolescent (M = 15.90) and 395 adult (M = 25.45) patients with a Diagnostic Statistical Manual, 5th edition ED diagnosis completed the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) at baseline, and psychosocial measures (ED symptoms, anxiety, depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms), and %body mass index (kg/m2; BMI) or median %BMI (for adolescents) at baseline and EOT.ResultsThe DBS Avoidance Coping and Burdens subscales at baseline were significantly lower for adolescents than adults (p < 0.001), whereas the DBS Benefits subscale at baseline did not significantly differ between subsamples (p = 0.06). Motivation to recover via DBS subscales was a more reliable predictor of EOT outcomes for both ED and comorbid psychopathology in adults (significant predictor in 19 of 54 total analyses, and 4 significant associations post‐Bonferroni correction) than adolescents (significant predictor in 5 of 54 total analyses, and 1 significant association post‐Bonferroni correction).ConclusionsBaseline motivation to recover may be an important predictor of outcome for adult patients in inpatient/residential treatment but does not appear associated with outcomes for adolescent patients.
Quantifying decadal volumetric changes along sandy beaches using improved historical aerial photographic models and contemporary data
Authors: Carvalho Rafael C. , Allan Blake , Kennedy David M. , Leach Chloe , O'Brien Stephan , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTechnological advances have reinvigorated the aerial photogrammetric technique using both historical and contemporary imagery, and fostered new perspectives in geomorphology studies. On sandy beaches, however, the dynamic processes, the lack of tonal contrast and reduced texture, make the application of photogrammetry extremely more difficult than in most other landscapes. This study quantifies decadal volumetric changes along the beaches of the Great Ocean Road, Australia, using improved digital surface models (DSMs) derived from structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry applied to historical archives and a contemporary unmanned aerial vehicle survey. Alongside surficial sediment analysis, this approach demonstrates the potential to relate present‐day to historical morphological changes at sandy beaches worldwide. The discussion highlights the influence of photographic scale, lens distortions, ground control points in segmented blocks, and the use of shoreline as a proxy of volumetric change. DSMs were derived using datasets obtained in 1946, 1966, 1971, 1977, 1986 and 2019, and compared to a 2007 light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived DSM. The emerging approach produced suitable DSMs for volumetric analysis, except for the 1946 dataset, which had the smallest scale and was significantly vertically offset. Volumetric losses of up to 60 m3/m of beach length were calculated for parts of Mounts Bay between 1977 and 2007, and up to 21 m3/m in recent years. At Apollo Bay, the construction of the port in the early 1950s significantly impacted the natural longshore drift to the beach. The adjacent stretch of coastline accreted at a rate of ~35 m3/m between 1966 and 2007, as a function of dredge disposal and changes in sediment transport, whereas a maximum volumetric loss of ~47 m3/m was detected further north between 1977 and 2007. A volume of ~71,330 ± 15,200 m3was lost from the system from 2007 to 2019, despite the continued deposition along the northern section of the beach.
Survival outcomes of lateral skull base tumors following temporal bone resection
Authors: Kline Neila L. , Bhatnagar Kavita , Eisenman David J. , Taylor Rodney J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLateral skull base tumors often necessitate temporal bone resection (TBR), although clinical outcomes can be unfavorable. Factors influencing survival and recurrence after TBR for cutaneous and salivary malignancies were evaluated.MethodsTwenty‐six TBR subjects were included. Survival and recurrence outcomes were estimated at 1, 2, and 5 years postresection. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression.ResultsTwo years postresection, the overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 61%, 74%, and 49%, respectively, and 51%, 63%, and 45% at 5 years. On univariate analysis, preoperative facial nerve dysfunction and intraoperative nerve sacrifice worsened OS, DSS, and RFS. Prior surgery and adjuvant radiation independently predicted reduced OS, DSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsMortality is highest in the first 2 years following resection. Preoperative facial nerve dysfunction, facial nerve sacrifice, and prior radiation are negative predictors of survival and recurrence.
Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Involved in Mediating Functions of Liraglutide in Mice With Dietary Challenge
Authors: Liu Dinghui , Pang Juan , Shao Weijuan , Gu Jianqiu , Zeng Yong , He Housheng Hansen , Ling Wenhua , Qian Xiaoxian , Jin Tianru 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims
Several studies have shown that expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can be stimulated by glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1)–based diabetes drugs. As GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) is unlikely to be expressed in hepatocytes, we aimed to compare such stimulation in mice and in mouse hepatocytes, determine the involvement of GLP‐1R, and clarify whether FGF21 mediates certain functions of the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide.

Approach and Results
Liver FGF21 expression was assessed in mice receiving a daily liraglutide injection for 3 days or in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) undergoing direct liraglutide treatment. The effects of liraglutide on metabolic improvement and FGF21 expression were then assessed in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice and compared with the effects of the dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Animal studies were also performed in Glp1r−/−
mice and liver‐specific FGF21‐knockout (lFgf21‐KO) mice. In wild‐type mouse liver that underwent RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR, we observed liraglutide‐stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression and a lack of Glp1r expression. In MPHs, liraglutide did not stimulate Fgf21. In mice with HFD‐induced obesity, liraglutide or sitagliptin treatment reduced plasma triglyceride levels, whereas their effect on reducing body‐weight gain was different. Importantly, increased hepatic FGF21 expression was observed in liraglutide‐treated mice but was not observed in sitagliptin‐treated mice. In HFD‐fed Glp1r−/−
mice, liraglutide showed no beneficial effects and could not stimulate Fgf21 expression. In lFgf21‐KO mice undergoing dietary challenge, the body‐weight‐gain attenuation and lipid homeostatic effects of liraglutide were lost or significantly reduced.

Conclusions
We suggest that liraglutide‐stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression may require GLP‐1R to be expressed in extrahepatic organs. Importantly, we revealed that hepatic FGF21 is required for liraglutide to lower body weight and improve hepatic lipid homeostasis. These observations advanced our mechanistic understanding of the function of GLP‐1–based drugs in NAFLD.
Digital diet: A 21st century approach to understanding digital technologies and development
Authors: Orben Amy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDigital technologies are drastically changing the lives of children and young people. For years, the default psychological approach to addressing questions about digital technology's effects on development was to try and establish evidence‐based time use guidelines, that is, concrete amounts of time that children and adolescents are recommended to spend on digital technologies to avoid negative impacts. The implicit assumption of this research was that there is an informative and simple numerical relationship connecting the time spent using digital technologies and developmental outcomes. In this piece, I argue that this collective search for a unitary numerical value linking screen time with developmental outcomes was futile, primarily because such a value does not exist. To explain and expand on this reasoning, I introduce the digital diet approach: a thought experiment that challenges how we currently research and reason about digital technologies by drawing parallels to our established approach to understanding and reasoning about diet. I cover six conceptual starting‐points, each describing a different conceptual angle of the digital diet approach and how it diverges from current practices in the psychological sciences.
Quadruple chemical bonding in the diatomic anions TcN−, RuC−, RhB−, and PdBe−
Authors: Tzeli Demeter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuadruple bonding is uncommon for main group elements and the identification of species forming such bonds is remarkably interesting particularly in diatomic anions for which there is a lack of information. Here, it is found that the MX− anions, TcN−, RuC−, RhB−, and PdBe−, present quadruple bonding, as do the corresponding MX neutrals, even though a different type of σ2 bond is involved in ∑+ states of neutral and anions. Specifically, the ground states (X2Δ or X2∑+) of the four anions and their first excited states (A2∑+ or A2Δ) of TcN−, RuC−, and RhB− present quadruple bonds consisting of two σ and two π bonds: (4dz2 − 2pz)2, 5pz0 ← 2s2, (4dxz − 2px)2, and (4dyz − 2py)2. Bond lengths, dissociation energies, spectroscopic data and electron affinities were calculated via high‐level multireference and coupled‐cluster methodology using the aug–cc–pV5ZX(‐PP)M basis set. Strong bonding results in short bond lengths ranging from 1.602 (TcN−) to 1.944 (PdBe−) Å. Adiabatic (diabatic) binding energies reach up to 139 (184) kcal/mol. Electron affinities (EA) were calculated at 1.368 (TcN), 1.242 (RuC), 0.873 (RhB), 0.743 (PdBe) eV. Only for RhB has EA been measured experimentally at 0.961 eV, in good agreement with the value reported here.
Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti‐tubercular activity study of N‐(substituted‐benzyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazole‐2‐sulfonamide and 2‐(N‐(substituted‐benzyl)sulfamoyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Bhujbal Namdeo , Gaikwad Dattatray , Jagdale Yuvraj , Pawar Chandrakant 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of novel N‐(substituted‐benzyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazole‐2‐sulfonamide (4a‐4i) and 2‐(N‐[2‐chlorobenzyl]sulfamoyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid (7a‐7i) derivatives were synthesized from readily available 4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazol‐2‐amine (1) and ethyl 2‐aminothiazole‐4‐carboxylate (5), respectively. Eighteen novel thiazole‐2‐sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized. The targets were synthesized through a series of reactions involving diazotization and sulfonamide coupling reactions. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 19F, 13C NMR, HRMS, and HPLC analytical techniques. All the synthetic derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) against a series of strains of Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger for antifungal activity. Also synthetic derivatives were tested for their in vitro anti‐tubercular (Mycobacterium tuberculosis: H37 Rv, MDR, and XDR strains) activities. Most of compounds showed moderate to good activity for antimicrobial and anti‐tubercular strains. The compounds 4b (MIC = 12.5 μg/ml and 3.125 μM), 4c (MIC = 1.562 μM), 4d (MIC = 12.5 μg/ml), 7b (MIC = 12.5 μg/ml), 7c (MIC = 26 μg/ml and 1.562 μM), and 7i (MIC = 26 μg/ml and 6.25 μM) showed good antimicrobial and anti‐tubercular activity in the range of (MIC = 12.5–26 μg/ml) and (MIC = 1.562–6.25 μM) against tested strains, while some derivatives show moderate inhibitions through the series.
How to create a faculty‐centered curriculum support system: Launching the Academic Support Center (ASC) to inspire excellence in curriculum change
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Fearnow Bethany , Moore Zach , Stallard Jacob , Tittemore Ashley J. , Quinonez Rocio B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo define faculty needs and services requested for the implementation of a faculty‐centered curriculum support system (i.e., Academic Support Center [ASC]) to assist curriculum redesign.MethodsFaculty and students were invited to participate in 60‐min, one‐on‐one interviews to describe pain points in teaching and identify possible support services needed. Benchmarking through surveys of academic deans was also conducted to determine what services other institutions offer. Qualitative memos from interviews and survey data were analyzed to identify salient challenges and outline possible services that could benefit the school. This information was used to create a strategic plan for the ASC. Full‐time faculty were requested to evaluate the ASC 6 and 12 months following the launch of the center in 2019.ResultsFifty interviews were conducted with department chairs (n = 10), full‐time faculty (n = 36), and students (n = 4). Six pain points identified by participants were time, resources, knowledge, confidence, organizational structure, and organizational culture. Participants generated solutions related to supporting teaching and learning, enhancing faculty experience, and assisting educational evaluation. Twenty‐two schools responded to the benchmarking survey—approximately half acknowledged a centralized curriculum support service (n = 12, 54.5% of respondents). Services often focused on instructional design, education technology, and faculty onboarding to education. Faculty feedback following the ASC launch was generally positive and demonstrating progress toward the three priorities.ConclusionNeeds assessment and benchmarking data can inform the design and implementation of centers that offer faculty‐centered support structures around teaching, educational scholarship, and curriculum change.
The emergence of a complex pore‐canal system in the dermal skeleton ofTremataspis(Osteostraci)
Authors: Bremer Oskar , Qu Qingming , Sanchez Sophie , Märss Tiiu , Fernandez Vincent , Blom Henning 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThyestiids are a group of osteostracans (sister‐group to jawed vertebrates) ranging in time from the early Silurian to Middle Devonian.Tremataspisis unique among thyestiids in having a continuous mesodentine and enameloid cover on its dermal elements, and an embedded pore‐canal system divided into lower and upper parts by a perforated septum. The origin of this upper mesh canal system and its potential homology to similar canal systems of other osteostracans has remained a matter of debate. To investigate this, we use synchrotron radiation microtomography data of four species ofTremataspisand three other thyestiid genera.Procephalaspis oeselensislacks an upper mesh canal system entirely, butAestiaspis viitaensishas partially enclosed upper canals formed between slightly modified tubercles that generally only cover separate pore fields. Further modification of tubercles inDartmuthia gemmiferaforms a more extensive, semi‐enclosed upper mesh canal system that overlies an extensive perforated septum, similar to that found inTremataspis. Lower mesh canals inP. oeselensisare radially arranged and buried tubercles indicate a continuous growth and addition of dermal hard tissues. These features are lacking to varying degrees in the other investigated thyestiids, andTremataspisprobably had a determinate growth accompanied by a single mineralization phase of its dermal hard tissues. The previously proposed homology between the semi‐enclosed upper canal system inDartmuthiato the pore‐canal system inTremataspisis supported in this study, but the suggested homologies between these canals and other parts of the thyestiid vasculature to those in non‐thyestiid osteostracans remain unclear. This study shows that three‐dimensional modeling of high‐resolution data can provide histological and structural details that can help clarify homology issues and elucidate the evolution of dermal hard tissues in osteostracans. In extension, this can give insights into how these tissues relate to those found among jawed vertebrates.