bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between test anxiety and academic procrastination among the dental students
Authors: Bolbolian Marjan , Asgari Shima , Sefidi Fatemeh , Zadeh Ali Sarvari 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Test anxiety is a major educational problem among students all around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic procrastination and test anxiety among the dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a descriptive–analytical study. The study sample consisted of 152 dental students; Solomon and Rothblum's procrastination scale and Friedman's test anxiety questionnaire were used to collect data. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics (analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation) were used at a significance level of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between procrastination and test anxiety and its components. The relationship between academic procrastination and gender was not significant, but a significant relationship was found between test anxiety and its dimensions with gender in terms of cognitive error and total test anxiety. No significant relationship was found between academic procrastination and test anxiety and their components with marital status, age, and grade point average.

CONCLUSION:
According to the findings of the present study, people with academic procrastination have more test anxiety and fear of humiliation, irrational and negative thoughts, and more stress.
Justice and unintentional discrimination in health care
Authors: Hosseinabadi-Farahani Mohammadjavad , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Arsalani Narges , Hosseini Mohammadali , Mohammadi Eesa 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Discrimination in health care is a common phenomenon whose complete understanding has always been a major concern of health-care systems to control and reduce it. This study aimed to explore the experiences of unintentional discrimination and related factors in health-care providers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis approach in 2019. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 health-care providers including two physicians, three nursing supervisors, two head nurses, four staff nurses, and two nurse aides in two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling. The obtained data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman method.

RESULTS:
Three main categories and eight subcategories were obtained from the data analysis: (1) forced discrimination (superiors' pressures and executive orders, occupational concerns, and fear of the superiors); (2) guided discrimination (professional challenges, managers' policymaking, and lack of medical ethics knowledge); and (3) lack of resources (workforce shortage and lack of medical equipment).

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study suggest that health-care providers such as doctors and nurses are unintentionally forced to provide discriminatory care on some occasions. Knowing and managing these unwanted factors can partly counteract unintentional discrimination. Thus, preventing the factors that lead to superiors' pressures and occupational forces and improving the medical ethics knowledge should be considered by health-care managers.
Strain Reversus
Authors: Deshpande Mrunmayee S. , Phadke Milind S. , Bhatia Varun P. , Mankame Pooja R. , Burkule Nitin J. , Khan Md Talha Abid , Mahajan Ajay U. , Nathani Pratap J. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Tuberculous constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory disease by Mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting the pericardium, occurring mainly in developing nations. The aim of this study was to evaluate left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics in tuberculous CP using standard two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).

Methods:
A prospective observational echocardiographic study of 30 subjects was performed: 15 patients with tuberculous CP and 15 controls. 2D echocardiography, color Doppler imaging, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were performed along with STE to evaluate the LV and LA mechanics.

Results:
We found that the global circumferential strain (GCS, P = 0.002) and the global longitudinal strain (P = 0.02) were significantly reduced in patients with CP compared with controls. The longitudinal lateral wall strain was significantly reduced (P = 0.001) in CP patients, whereas longitudinal septal strain was not reduced significantly (P = 0.18) in CP patients compared with controls. The longitudinal lateral strain was significantly reduced as compared to the longitudinal septal strain (P = 0.001) within the CP group (strain reversus). Annulus reversus (medial early diastolic mitral annular velocity [e'] > lateral e') by TDI was observed in 11 cases out of 15 in tuberculous CP group, whereas strain reversus (septal strain > lateral strain) was seen in all cases of CP group. The LA reservoir strain showed a statistically significant reduction in CP patients (P = 0.001) compared to controls.

Conclusions:
“Strain reversus” and reduced GCS are characteristic imaging findings on STE in patients with tuberculous CP and may provide an additional parameter to conventional echocardiography in the diagnosis of tuberculous CP.
Treatment outcome with interferon alpha 2b in ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Authors: Meel Rachna , Dhiman Rebika , Vanathi Murugesan , Sen Seema , Gupta Noopur , Tandon Radhika 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
To evaluate the role of interferon alpha 2b (IFNα2b) in the management of primary/recurrent cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

METHODOLOGY:
Medical records of 27 OSSN cases managed with IFNα2b (topical drops and/or perilesional injection) in 1 year were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS:
The median age of presentation was 60 years with a male: female ratio of 3.5:1. American Joint Commission on Cancer tumor grading was T1 in 1 eye (3.7%) and T3 in 26 eyes (96.3%). Eighteen cases were treated with topical drops (1 million IU/ml), 4 cases with perilesional subconjunctival injection (3–6 million IU/ml), and 5 cases with combined therapy. Overall, treatment response was seen in 88% cases. Complete regression was achieved in 80% cases. Median time to complete regression of tumor was 3 months (range 1–11 months) in cases treated with topical interferon therapy and 2.5 months (range 0.7–3 months) in cases managed with injections or a combination of the two. The mean duration of follow-up was 24 months. All cases with partial/no response showed complete regression on subsequent management with topical mitomycin C. None of the patients required surgery. Acute ocular surface congestion was seen in two patients necessitating discontinuation of therapy.

CONCLUSION:
In view of excellent treatment outcome and few side-effects, interferons can be considered as a primary, safe, and cost-effective treatment option for OSSN not only in tertiary centers but also by peripheral ophthalmologists.
Comparison of retropupillary fixated iris claw lens versus sclera fixated lens for correction of pediatric aphakia secondary to ectopia lentis
Authors: Muthukumar Bhavatharini , Chhablani Preeti Patil , Salman Amjad , Bhandari Vipul , Kapoor Rajat 
Published: February 2021

AIM:
To evaluate the postoperative visual acuity and complications in eyes with ectopia lentis in children who underwent lens removal and then implantation of retropupillary fixated iris claw lens versus scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of pediatric cases who presented with lens subluxation secondary to ectopia lentis and who underwent lens extraction (57 eyes of 38 patients) with either retropupillary iris fixated intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (Group A – 36 eyes of 20 patients) and SFIOL implantation (Group B – 21 eyes of 18 patients) was done over a period of 5 years from March 2010 to February 2015. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and secondary postoperative complications.

RESULTS:
The study patients were divided into two groups: Group A patients were implanted with retropupillary iris claw lens whereas Group B patients were implanted with SFIOL. The mean age of presentation was 12 years, the mean follow-up period was of 24 months (range 14–36 months), and the median follow-up period was 26 months in both the groups. An improvement in the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was seen in both the groups. In Group A, the mean BCVA improved from 1.5 ± 0.2 preoperatively to 0.3 ± 0.2 postoperatively, whereas in Group B, the mean BCVA improved from 1.5 ± 0.3 preoperatively to 0.3 ± 0.2 postoperatively (P < 0.001). None of the eyes in either of the groups had any serious complications such as glaucoma, uveitis, cystoid macular edema, or endophthalmitis.

CONCLUSION:
Retropupillary iris fixation and scleral fixation of IOL are both safe and viable options for the correction of ectopia lentis in pediatric age group.
INVESTIGATING THE NEXUS BETWEEN MUTUAL FUND RETURN AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE – EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors:   Institute of Business Management, Tariq Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

This study is aimed to determine the nexus between mutual fund returns and stock market returns in Pakistan. This study adds contribution by testing the causa-effect relation of mutual fund returns and macroeconomic factors on the stock returns in Pakistan. This study is based on Panel data for 10 AMCs operating in Pakistan and macroeconomic factors for the period of 2007 to 2016. The hypothesis testing is based on panel data analysis, therefore the panel regression is applied via PLS, FEM and REM comparison. The study concludes that the there is significant effect of Equity Funds Returns on Stock Return. On the other hand, debt funds return and T-bills have the insignificant impact on Stocks Return. This study recommends influential findings for the policy makers such as equity funds have positive effect on the stock market.
IMPROVED PREDICTIVE SPARSE DECOMPOSITION METHOD WITH DENSENET FOR PREDICTION OF LUNG CANCER
Authors: Mienye Ibomoiye Domor , Sun Yanxia , Wang Zenghui 
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer in both men and women. It is responsible for at least 25% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States alone. Accurate and early diagnosis of this form of cancer can increase the rate of survival. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is one of the most accurate techniques for diagnosing the disease. In order to improve the classification accuracy of pulmonary lesions indicating lung cancer, this paper presents an improved method for training a densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet). The optimized setting ensures that code prediction error and reconstruction error within hidden layers are simultaneously minimized. To achieve this and improve the classification accuracy of the DenseNet, we propose an improved predictive sparse decomposition (PSD) approach for extracting sparse features from the medical images. The sparse decomposition is achieved by using a linear combination of basis functions over the L2 norm. The effect of dropout and hidden layer expansion on the classification accuracy of the DenseNet is also investigated. CT scans of human lung samples are obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) hosted by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS). The proposed method outperforms seven other neural network architectures and machine learning algorithms with a classification accuracy of 95%.
Residential Area Syndrome: Reasons for Non-Compliance in Motorcycling
Authors: Ganiem Leila Mona 
Published: February 2021

The motorcycle is the most used vehicle of transportation in developing countries. Driving a motorcycle has a very high risk of having an accident. One of the main causes of the accident is human behavior that violates the driving regulations. The interactions in the public space are close to nonverbal communication. Very little is understood about the rationale of driving behavior of motorcycle users, especially on the non-compliance behavior. The research objectives are to know what forms of non-compliance behaviors the motorcyclist has committed and to know how motorcyclists interpret non-compliance with motorbike riding. This is a phenomenological study, by observation, interviews, and secondary data collection. The total informants are 16 people between 12-60 years. The results show that the types of violations that riders have committed almost similar to the previous researches. The difference is about the driving against the traffic flow/incoming traffic that mentioned in almost all informants' statements and none of the informants studied stated that they were driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Motorcyclists interpret a motorbike as running water. The main finding of this research shows that Residential area syndrome that refers to the concept of proxemics is the reason for non-compliance behavior due to lack of knowledge and lack of supervision. A better understanding of the proxemics can create a better approach for communication to increase the compliance behavior in motorcycling to reduce the traffic accidents caused by human error.
THE SUBSTITUTION OF PIGEON PEA SEED (CAJANUS CAJAN) FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE AND MAIZE IN BROILER FINISHER RATION
Authors: AMAEFULE K. U. , OBIOHA F. C. 
Published: February 2021

One hundred and twenty 4 - week old broilers were used to study the effect of substituting pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM) for groundnut cake and maize in broiler finisher rations. The 4 diet groups contained 0, 30, 40, and 50% PPSM and measurements taken in the 3 week study were weight gain, feed intake feed conversion ration and protein efficiency ratio. Results showed that body weight gain of the birds increased as the proportion of PPSM in the diets increased. The final body weights were 1.47, 1.64, 1.71 and 1.73kg for 0.30, 40, and 50% respectively. Feed and protein intake significantly increased as a result of replacing groundnut cake and maize with PPSM up to 40%, but did not show significant difference between 40 and 50%. I Feed intake figures were 96.80, 129.90, 144.30 and 142.60g and corresponding protein intake figures were 20.67, 27.64, 30.72 and 30.57g for 0, 30, 40 and 50% inclusion of PPSM respectively. Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio did not significantly differ among the diets.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY METHIONINE ON THE CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER COCKERELS
Authors: NWOKORO S. O. , TEWE O. O. 
Published: February 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of dietary methionine on carcass characteristics of finisher cockerels. 500 day old cockerels were reared together initially for 7 weeks and at 8 weeks of age, they were assigned to 8 dietary groups of different methionine levels. Weights of the birds were taken at the beginning and end of the experiment. In the 16th week, the birds were slaughter to determine various carcass measurements. Result indicated that daily weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The daily weight gain increased with increasing level of dietary methionine until it was optimized at 0.37% level. The dressing percentage and most other cut up parts (Drumstick, Thigh, Neck, Back, Breast, Wings) were significantly differences were observed for most organs (expect spleen), gut and comb measured, these were not however consistent with dietary treatments.
THE EFFECT OF TOASTING, DRY UREA TREATMENT AND SPROUTING ON SOME THERMOSTABLE TOXIC FACTORS IN THE JACKBEAN SEED
Authors: ESOUN B. O. , UDEDIBIE A. B. I. , CARLINI C. R. 
Published: February 2021

Raw unprocessed jackbean seed contains 26 – 32% crude protein and also toxic elements most of which are thermostable, which limit its use as feed ingredient for livestock especially non-ruminant animals. Raw jackbean seeds were divided into three batches. One batch was ground and toasted, the second, batch was ground raw and mixed with 2% of its weight of dry area and allowed to stand for 11days. The third batch was sprouted for four days and later ground into meal. Toxicological studies on the batches of the jackbean meals were conducted for concanavalin A (Con A) and canatoxin in jackbean seed, while sprouting was effective in detoxifying concanavalin A (Con A) and canatoxin but not very effective in detoxifying the urease activity in jackbean seed. Toasting alone did not have appreciable effect on these toxic factors
METABOLISABLE ENERGY VALUES OF WHOLE PALM KERNEL AND PALM KERNEL OIL SLUDGE USING LAYING HENS AND ADULT BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: ORUWAR B. M. , AMAKIRI A. O. , OGBUJI J. A. , JOHNSON N. C. 
Published: February 2021

A series of four experiments were conducted in carried out with cockerels but can also be which 30g DM of whole palm kernel (WPK) performed with broiler chickens and laying hens and of Palm Kernel Oil Sludge (PKOS) were (Johnson and McNab, 1983). Differences force-fed to laying hens and adult broilers between broilers and laying hens (Peterson et chickens. The length of the collection periods `` al., 1976 and adult cockerels) Mollah et al was the same (24, 30, 48 and 60hr) for both 1983) have been reported. These differences ingredients. The ingredients and their faecal may be a result of differences in nitrogen (N) materials were used to determine the apparent balance between the different bird types metabolisable energy (AME) and the true (Askbrant, 1988). metabolisable energy (TME) and their nitrogen (N) corrected forms (AMEn and TMEn). However, a possible deficiency in the rapidTMEn). bioassay for determining TME using adult Results showed that in both ingredients, at the rooster (Sibbald, 1976) is that a portion of the 48 hr collection period, no difference in the teed may be retained, explaining some of the AME and AMEN, TME and TMEn were found differences observed between AME and TME in the bird types. Complete passage of the test values. Extension of the collection period, ingredients was ensured at the 48 hr collection depending on the specific ingredient being period. The AME and AMEn values of WPK tested, was recommended for feeds which with laying hens were: 5.08 and 4.98 Kcal/kg exhibit slow rate of passage, from various DM; while those for the broiler chickens were: studies (Sibbald 1979a, b, c). This suggestion 4.88 and 4.31 Kcal/kg DM; those for PKOS was based on the reasoning that the control bird AME and AMEn with Jaying hens were: 3.14 may be in a state of tissue catabolism which and 2.98Kcal/kg DM,with the broiler chickens could increase the metabolic faecal energy the values were 3.12 and 2.96 Kcal/kg DM (FEM) plus endogenous urinary energy (UEE) respective.y. TME and TMEN values of WPK with extended fasting period (Kessler and with laying hens were 6.42 and 6.11 Kcal/kg Thomas, 1981). Since high fat diets exhibit DM; corresponding values with broiler chickens were: 6.41 and 6.09 Kcal/Kg DM. slow rate of passage (Mateos and Jerty, 1981), TME and TMEn for PKOS with laying hens it becomes necessary to investigate the time were 4.37. 4.12 Kcal/kg DM. 4.36 and 4.13 required for the whole palm kernel meal and its Kcal/kg DM, respectively were the sludge to be completely cleared from the corresponding values for broiler chickens. No alimentary tract of birds while determining their interaction between ingredients and birds was unknown bioavailable energy levels. found but there were interactions among the The purpose of the present study was, therefore bioavailable energy systems and the bird types. to determine the bioavailable energy (AME and TME) of whole palm kernel and palm kernel oil layers, broilers.
THE PECKING, RESTING AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF FOUR BROILER STRAINS IN A HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: OMEJE S. I. , NWEZE B. O. , CHINYEREUGO J. 
Published: February 2021

An experiment to determine the pecking, resting and feeding behaviour of four strains of broilers (Anak, Hubbard, Luhman, and Hybro) was conducted with 120 day old chicks. The birds were housed 15 per replicate pen and there were two replicates pens for each of the four strains. The birds were fed with commercial broiler starter from 0-6 weeks and finisher from 7- 8 weeks. The criteria of measurements used were the number of birds pecking or resting, feed and water intakes and the weight gain of the birds from week one to 8 of age. Hubbard broilers pecked most following feed presentation at 8.00a.m. with mean values of 10.29+0.14 birds followed by Anak with 7.14+0.34, Hybro with 5.14+0.14 and Lohman with 1.57+0.53. Also the huhbard strains c‹›nsumed the largest quantity of feed and water and therefore gained most weight at eight weeks. The resting pattern of the birds was such that after two hours of introduction of feeds Hubbard had the largest number of bird resting followed by Anak, hybro and Lehman in that order.
CHARACTERISATION OF WHITE FULANI AND SOKOTO GUDALICATTLE BREEDS IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA
Authors: MBAP S. T. , BAWA I. A. 
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted in Bauchi state between January, and July, 1997 to characterize White fulani and Sokoto Gudali cattle breeds. Thirty animals of both sexes from each breed were randomly seleted from fifteen farms/herds. Obervations were carried out on both quantitative and qualititative characters. sokoto Gudali was significantly (P<0.05) higher in five qantitative traits, white Fulani was significantly (P<0.05)higher in one quantitative traits only. Sokoto Gudali was higher in lactation yield (3211) than White Fulani (1951L). Tail length was 128.5cm for Sokoto Guadli males and 114.8cm for White Fulani males. Sokoto Gudali femals had tail length of 127.2cm vs 116.3cm for White Fulani femals. Scrotal circumference was 210.8cm in Sokoto Gudali females vs 198.3cm in White Fulani females. Mature weight in Sokoto Gudali femals was 758.5kg vs 634.6kg in White Fulani femals. the White Fulani breed was significantly (P<0.05)higher in number of days dry, 129.9 days vs 104.8 days for Sokoto Gudali breed. The descriptive (quantitative) parameters also showed marked differences between breeds.
Effect of dietary salt levels on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats
Authors: Aina A. B. J. 
Published: February 2021

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effect of levels (0, 5, 10, and 15g/kg cassava peels, respectively) of common salt and cassava peels (dry and fresh using Gmelina arborea leaves as a basal diet on the average daily gain, dry matter intake, seed conversion efficiency and water consumption in West African Dwarf goats. Total dry matter intake and the average Gmelina arborea leaf intake increased with applied common salt, irrespective of cassava peel form. Increasing common salt level also increased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency in both dry and fresh cassava peels, but this was not accompanied by a remarkable gain beyond 5g common salt. Moreover, the average cassava peel intake increased but not significantly (P>0.05) with salt level up to 10g beyond which there was a sharp decline and an insignificant gain with dry and fresh cassava peels, respectively. Goats fed dry cassava peels significantly (P<0.05) consumed more water as the salt level increased in the diet. It was concluded that application of 5g common salt per kg dry cassava peels promoted highest daily gain, optimum dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency in West African Dwarf goal production. However, the response with fresh cassava peels revealed no statistically significant difference in average daily gain, total dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency.