bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable Biosupercapacitor: Harvesting and Storing Energy from Sweat
Authors: Lv Jian , Yin Lu , Chen Xiaohong , Jeerapan Itthipon , Silva Cristian A. , Li Yang , Le Minh , Lin Zhihua , Wang Luwen , Trifonov Alexander , Xu Sheng , Cosnier Serge , Wang Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrates the first example of sweat‐based wearable and stretchable biosupercapacitors (BSCs), capable of generating high‐power pulses from human activity. The all‐printed, dual‐functional, conformal BSC platform can harvest and store energy from sweat lactate. By integrating energy harvesting and storage functionalities on the same footprint of a single epidermal device, the new wearable energy system can deliver high‐power pulses and be rapidly self‐charged by bioenergy conversion of sweat lactate generated from human activity while simplifying the design and fabrication. The mechanical robustness and conformability of the device are realized through island‐bridge patterns and strain‐enduring inks. The enhanced capacitance of the BSC is realized by the synergistic effect of carbon nanotube ink with electrodeposited polypyrrole on the anode and of porous cauliflower‐like platinum on the cathode. In the presence of lactate, the BSC shows high power in pulsed output and stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the wearable device can store energy and deliver high‐power pulses long after the perspiration stopped. The self‐charging hybrid wearable device obtained high power of 1.7 mW cm−2 in vitro, and 343 µW cm−2 on the body during exercise, suggesting considerable potential as a power source for the next generation of wearable electronics.
Current‐Controlled Topological Magnetic Transformations in a Nanostructured Kagome Magnet
Authors: Wei Wensen , Tang Jin , Wu Yaodong , Wang Yihao , Jiang Jialiang , Li Junbo , Soh Yona , Xiong Yimin , Tian Mingliang , Du Haifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTopological magnetic charge Q is a fundamental parameter that describes the magnetic domains and determines their intriguing electromagnetic properties. The ability to switch Q in a controlled way by electrical methods allows for flexible manipulation of electromagnetic behavior in future spintronic devices. Here, the room‐temperature current‐controlled topological magnetic transformations between Q = −1 skyrmions and Q = 0 stripes or type‐II bubbles in a kagome crystal Fe3Sn2 are reported. It is shown that reproducible and reversible skyrmion–bubble and skyrmion–stripe transformations can be achieved by tuning the density of nanosecond pulsed current of the order of ≈1010 A m−2. Further numerical simulations suggest that spin‐transfer torque combined with Joule thermal heating effects determine the current‐induced topological magnetic transformations.
Ultrathin and Ultrasensitive Direct X‐ray Detector Based on Heterojunction Phototransistors
Authors: Gao Yuanhong , Ge Yongshuai , Wang Xinwei , Liu Jin , Liu Wenquan , Cao Yong , Gu Kaichen , Guo Zheng , Wei Yu‐Ming , Zhou Ni , Yu De , Meng Hong , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zheng Hairong , Huang Wei , Li Jia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost contemporary X‐ray detectors adopt device structures with non/low‐gain energy conversion, such that a fairly thick X‐ray photoconductor or scintillator is required to generate sufficient X‐ray‐induced charges, and thus numerous merits for thin devices, such as mechanical flexibility and high spatial resolution, have to be compromised. This dilemma is overcome by adopting a new high‐gain device concept of a heterojunction X‐ray phototransistor. In contrast to conventional detectors, X‐ray phototransistors allow both electrical gating and photodoping for effective carrier‐density modulation, leading to high photoconductive gain and low noise. As a result, ultrahigh sensitivities of over 105 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 with low detection limit are achieved by just using an ≈50 nm thin photoconductor. The employment of ultrathin photoconductors also endows the detectors with superior flexibility and high imaging resolution. This concept offers great promise in realizing well‐balanced detection performance, mechanical flexibility, integration, and cost for next‐generation X‐ray detectors.
Defect‐Engineered Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction and Electric‐Field‐Switchable Topological Spin Texture in SrRuO3
Authors: Lu Jingdi , Si Liang , Zhang Qinghua , Tian Chengfeng , Liu Xin , Song Chuangye , Dong Shouzhe , Wang Jie , Cheng Sheng , Qu Lili , Zhang Kexuan , Shi Youguo , Huang Houbing , Zhu Tao , Mi Wenbo , Zhong Zhicheng , Gu Lin , Held Karsten , Wang Lingfei , Zhang Jinxing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn situ electrical control of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is one of the central but challenging goals toward skyrmion‐based device applications. An atomic design of defective interfaces in spin–orbit‐coupled transition‐metal oxides can be an appealing strategy to achieve this goal. In this work, by utilizing the distinct formation energies and diffusion barriers of oxygen vacancies at SrRuO3/SrTiO3(001), a sharp interface is constructed between oxygen‐deficient and stoichiometric SrRuO3. This interfacial inversion‐symmetry breaking leads to a sizable DMI, which can induce skyrmionic magnetic bubbles and the topological Hall effect in a more than 10 unit‐cell‐thick SrRuO3. This topological spin texture can be reversibly manipulated through the migration of oxygen vacancies under electric gating. In particular, the topological Hall signal can be deterministically switched ON and OFF. This result implies that the defect‐engineered topological spin textures may offer an alternate perspective for future skyrmion‐based memristor and synaptic devices.
Single‐Shot Interaction and Synchronization of Random Microcavity Lasers
Authors: Zhu Hongyang , Zhang Weili , Zhang Jinchuan , Ma Rui , Wang Zhao , Rao Yunjiang , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractControl coupling and synchronization of lasers has been a promising topic, while complex lasers in disordered system make this more challenging and interesting for their potential applications in the internet of everything. Here, a way to realize the interaction and synchronization of random microcavity lasers, is proposed. The lasers are developed based on homemade amorphous microcavities, performing as nodes that can work in a single‐shot coherent random lasing regime. The nodes connect with each other by multimode fibers with variable coupling strength, and their multiple lasing modes can be well‐synchronized pulse‐by‐pulse through injection locking. A spectral coding method is demonstrated, providing an attractive way to generate and share information between disordered nodes. The synchronization is also extended to a one‐to‐many network, laying a solid foundation for the study of photonic interconnection and networking of complex systems.
An updated infra‐familial classification of Sapindaceae based on targeted enrichment data
Authors: Buerki Sven , Callmander Martin W. , Acevedo‐Rodriguez Pedro , Lowry Porter P. , Munzinger Jérôme , Bailey Paul , Maurin Olivier , Brewer Grace E. , Epitawalage Niroshini , Baker William J. , Forest Félix 
Published: July 2021

PremiseThe economically important, cosmopolitan soapberry family (Sapindaceae) comprises ca. 1900 species in 144 genera. Since the seminal work of Radlkofer, several authors have attempted to overcome challenges presented by the family’s complex infra‐familial classification. With the advent of molecular systematics, revisions of the various proposed groupings have provided significant momentum, but we still lack a formal classification system rooted in an evolutionary framework.MethodsNuclear DNA sequence data were generated for 123 genera (86%) of Sapindaceae using target sequence capture with the Angiosperms353 universal probe set. HybPiper was used to produce aligned DNA matrices. Phylogenetic inferences were obtained using coalescence‐based and concatenated methods. The clades recovered are discussed in light of both benchmark studies to identify synapomorphies and distributional evidence to underpin an updated infra‐familial classification.Key ResultsCoalescence‐based and concatenated phylogenetic trees had identical topologies and node support, except for the placement of Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. Twenty‐one clades were recovered, which serve as the basis for a revised infra‐familial classification.ConclusionsTwenty tribes are recognized in four subfamilies: two tribes in Hippocastanoideae, two in Dodonaeoideae, and 16 in Sapindoideae (no tribes are recognized in the monotypic subfamily Xanthoceratoideae). Within Sapindoideae, six new tribes are described: Blomieae Buerki & Callm.; Guindilieae Buerki, Callm. & Acev.‐Rodr.; Haplocoeleae Buerki & Callm.; Stadmanieae Buerki & Callm.; Tristiropsideae Buerki & Callm.; and Ungnadieae Buerki & Callm. This updated classification provides a backbone for further research and conservation efforts on this family.
Potassium Tert‐Butoxide‐Promoted Synthesis of Fluorescent β‐Carboline Tethered 1,3,5‐Triazines and Assessment of Their Luminescent Properties
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Jamra Rahul , Mehra Saloni , Rattan Sunita , Singh Virender 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA transition metal‐free, base‐mediated efficient synthesis of novel β‐carboline C1(3) tethered triazines has been accomplished by using β‐carboline alkaloid; Kumujian C as a template for reaction with readily available amidines. The strategy has been found compatible with diverse 1(3)‐formyl β‐carbolines and amidines, providing access to wide variety of novel β‐carboline linked 1,3,5‐triazines in good to excellent yields. The methodology is also amenable to gram scale synthesis of triazines. The presented methodology features sustainable reaction conditions, clean and simple methodology, low environmental impact, wide substrate scope and high atom economy with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the light emitting properties of these fluorescent β‐carboline linked triazine derivatives were investigated for the first time where quantum yield (ΦF) up to 60% was obtained.
Enantiospecific Detection of D‐Amino Acid through Synergistic Upconversion Energy Transfer
Authors: Tang Yongan , Zhong Xiaoyan , Yan Shuangqian , Liu Xiaowang , Cheng Liang , Wang Yu , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractD‐amino acids (DAAs) are indispensable in regulating diverse metabolic pathways. Selective and sensitive detection of DAAs is crucial for understanding the complexity of metabolic processes and managing associated diseases. However, current DAA detection strategies mainly rely on bulky instrumentation or electrochemical probes, limiting their cellular and animal applications. Here we report an enzyme‐coupled nanoprobe that can detect enantiospecific DAAs through synergistic energy transfer. This nanoprobe offers near‐infrared upconversion capability, a wide dynamic detection range, and a detection limit of 2.2 μM, providing a versatile platform for in vivo noninvasive detection of DAAs with high enantioselectivity. These results potentially allow real‐time monitoring of biomolecular handedness in living animals, as well as developing antipsychotic treatment strategies.
Chromoselektive Synthese von Sulfonylchloriden und Sulfonamiden mit Kalium‐Poly(heptazinimid)‐Photokatalysator
Authors: Markushyna Yevheniia , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ullrich Tobias , Guldi Dirk M. , Antonietti Markus , Savateev Aleksandr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnter den zur Förderung einer chemischen Reaktion verwendeten externen Reizen, besitzt die Photokatalyse einen einzigartigen – Licht. Photonen sind spurlose Reagenzien, die eine exklusive Möglichkeit bieten, die Chemoselektivität der photokatalytischen Reaktion durch Variation der Farbe des einfallenden Lichts zu verändern. Durch die Verwendung eines Sensibilisators, welcher in der Lage ist einen spezifischen Reaktionsweg in Abhängigkeit des Anregungslichts zu aktivieren, kann diese Strategie implementiert werden. Hier verwenden wir Kalium‐Poly(heptazinimid) (K‐PHI), eine Art der Kohlenstoffnitride, um selektiv drei verschiedene Produkte aus S‐Arylthioacetaten zu erzeugen, indem wir, unter ansonsten identischen Bedingungen, einfach die Wellenlänge des Anregungslichts variieren. Dabei werden Arylchloride unter UV/violettem, Sulfonylchloride mit blau/weißem und Diaryldisulfide bei grünem bis rotem Licht erzeugt. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Kombination aus dem negativ geladenen Polyanion, dem hochpositiven Potential des Valenzbandes, dem Vorhandensein von Intraband‐Zuständen, der Fähigkeit, Singulett‐Sauerstoff zu sensibilisieren, und dem Multi‐Elektronentransfer diese chromoselektive Umwandlung von Thioacetaten ermöglicht.
Der Mechanismus von dehydatisierenden Bimodulen in der trans‐Acyltransferase‐Polketidbiosynthese: Eine Modellstudie am hepatoprotektiven Hangtaimycin
Authors: Luo Minghe , Xu Houchao , Dong Yulu , Shen Kun , Lu Junlei , Yin Zhiyong , Qi Miaomiao , Sun Guo , Tang Lingjie , Xiang Jin , Deng Zixin , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Sun Yuhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEine durch Bioassay geleitete Fraktionierung führte zur Isolierung von Hangtaimycin (HTM) aus Streptomyces spectabilis CCTCC M2017417 und zur Entdeckung seiner hepatoprotektiven Eigenschaften. Die Strukturaufklärung per NMR zeigte die Notwendigkeit einer Strukturrevision. Ein putatives Abbauprodukt von HTM wurde ebenfalls isoliert und dessen Struktur wurde durch Totalsynthese bestätigt. Der Biosynthesegencluster wurde identifiziert und entspricht einer hybriden trans‐AT‐PKS/NRPS Biosynthesemaschinerie, dessen erstes PKS‐Enzym ein internes dehydatisierendes Bimodul enthält, welche in anderen trans‐AT PKSs üblicherweise gespalten vorliegen. Die Mechanismen solcher dehydatisierender Bimodule wurden oft vorgeschlagen, aber niemals genau untersucht. Hier präsentieren wir in vivo‐Mutationen und enzymatische in vitro‐Experimente, die erste und detaillierte Einblicke in die Katalyse durch dehydatisierende Bimodule geben.
Critical information for fisheries monitoring may be available in social media
Authors: Roos Natalia C. , Longo Guilherme O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Fisheries monitoring is essential to evaluate and manage fish populations. Effective monitoring is particularly challenging in low‐ and middle‐income countries where fisheries often occur at large spatial scales and include multiple techniques. Recreational spearfishing, for instance, can be detrimental to fish populations and is often underrepresented in management strategies due to the lack of data.
Because recreational fishers frequently share pictures of their catches online, social media can harbour valuable information. As a case study, freely available pictures in social media were used to assess the impacts of spearfishing on the endemic and endangered Brazilian parrotfish, Scarus trispinosus, that has experienced a sharp population decline in recent decades due to overfishing.
It was found that S. trispinosus is widely captured by recreational spearfishing and at larger sizes when compared to artisanal fisheries, revealing complementary fishing pressures operating on different life stages of this species and a lack of compliance to current regulations. The number of users sharing these contents increased between 2007 and 2018, but declined thereafter until 2020.
Identifying where spearfishing is more intense and the most targeted life‐stages can inform prioritization of management strategies. Social media can be a rapid and low‐cost tool to obtain nationwide fisheries information, especially for recreational fishing activities that have a flawed monitoring.
The public disclosure of ‘trophy fishes’ can reveal lack of compliance to existing regulations and help fill critical information gaps on complementary fishing pressures. This approach may be applicable for many species and types of trophy fishing, providing valuable and useful information for management and conservation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Assessed Subchondral Cysts and Incident Knee Pain and Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Perry Thomas A. , O'Neill Terence W. , Tolstykh Irina , Lynch John , Felson David T. , Arden Nigel K. , Nevitt Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine whether knee subchondral cysts, measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are associated with incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a community‐based cohort of subjects with risk factors for knee OA. Participants without a history of knee surgery and/or inflammatory arthritis (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis and gout) were followed up for 84 months for the following incident outcomes: 1) radiographic knee OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2), 2) symptomatic radiographic knee OA (radiographic knee OA and frequent knee pain), and 3) frequent knee pain (with or without radiographic knee OA). In a subset of participants, subchondral cysts were scored on baseline MRIs of 1 knee. Multiple logistic regression, with adjustment for participant characteristics and other baseline knee MRI findings, was used to assess whether subchondral cysts were predictive of incident outcomes.ResultsAmong the participants with knees eligible for analyses of outcomes over 84 months, incident radiographic knee OA occurred in 22.8% of knees with no baseline radiographic knee OA, symptomatic radiographic knee OA occurred in 17.0% of knees with no baseline symptomatic radiographic knee OA, and frequent knee pain (with or without radiographic knee OA) occurred in 28.8% of knees with no baseline radiographic knee OA and 43.7% of knees with baseline radiographic knee OA. With adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, the presence of subchondral cysts was not associated with incident radiographic knee OA but was associated with increased odds of incident symptomatic radiographic knee OA (odds ratio 1.92 [95% confidence interval 1.16–3.19]) and increased odds of incident frequent knee pain in those who had radiographic knee OA at baseline (odds ratio 2.11 [95% confidence interval 0.87–5.12]). Stronger and significant associations were observed for outcomes based on consistent reports of frequent knee pain within ~1 month of the study visit.ConclusionSubchondral cysts are likely to be a secondary phenomenon, rather than a primary trigger, of radiographic knee OA, and may predict symptoms in knees with existing disease.
Fuel property improvement and exhaust emission reduction, including noise emissions, using an oxygenated additive to waste plastic oil in a diesel engine
Authors: Hussam Wisam K. , Nabi Md. Nurun , Chowdhury Md. Wahid , Hoque Md. Emdadul , Rashid Adib Bin , Islam Mohammad Towhidul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work reports on an extensive investigation of the physicochemical properties, engine performance, exhaust emissions, and fundamental energy and exergy parameters of waste‐plastic oils blended with an additive, diethyl ether and diesel. A four‐stroke single‐cylinder diesel engine was used for the engine experiments. The seven fuels in this study include a neat diesel, a neat waste plastic oil, two binary blends of diesel‐waste plastic oil, and three ternary blends of diesel with waste plastic oil and diethyl ether. The justification for selecting diethyl ether was to augment fuel properties in the blend and to further reduce emissions. The reasons for choosing waste plastic are not only to harness energy from waste plastic but also to offer an effective solution to the plastic waste management issue. The choice of diesel was to use it as a reference fuel for comparison with other fuels. Fuel properties were observed to be similar, and in some cases better, with the blends. Notable reductions in emissions with identical engine performance and energy and exergy parameters were observed with the five oxygenated blends (plastic oil blends) than with a reference diesel fuel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Towards integrated production of an influenza A vaccine candidate with MDCK suspension cells
Authors: Bissinger Thomas , Wu Yixiao , Marichal‐Gallardo Pavel , Riedel Dietmar , Liu Xuping , Genzel Yvonne , Tan Wen‐Song , Reichl Udo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeasonal influenza epidemics occur both in northern and southern hemispheres every year. Despite the differences in influenza virus surface antigens and virulence of seasonal subtypes, manufacturers are well‐adapted to respond to this periodical vaccine demand. Due to decades of influenza virus research, the development of new influenza vaccines is relatively straight forward. In similarity with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vaccine manufacturing is a major bottleneck for a rapid supply of the billions of doses required worldwide. In particular, egg‐based vaccine production would be difficult to schedule and shortages of other egg‐based vaccines with high demands also have to be anticipated. Cell culture‐based production systems enable the manufacturing of large amounts of vaccines within a short time frame and expand significantly our options to respond to pandemics and emerging viral diseases. In this study, we present an integrated process for the production of inactivated influenza A virus vaccines based on a Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) suspension cell line cultivated in a chemically defined medium. Very high titers of 3.6 log10(HAU/100 µl) were achieved using fast‐growing MDCK cells at concentrations up to 9.5 × 106 cells/ml infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1 virus in 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. A combination of membrane‐based steric‐exclusion chromatography followed by pseudo‐affinity chromatography with a sulfated cellulose membrane adsorber enabled full recovery for the virus capture step and up to 80% recovery for the virus polishing step. Purified virus particles showed a homogenous size distribution with a mean diameter of 80 nm. Based on a monovalent dose of 15 µg hemagglutinin (single‐radial immunodiffusion assay), the level of total protein and host cell DNA was 58 µg and 10 ng, respectively. Furthermore, all process steps can be fully scaled up to industrial quantities for commercial manufacturing of either seasonal or pandemic influenza virus vaccines. Fast production of up to 300 vaccine doses per liter within 4–5 days makes this process competitive not only to other cell‐based processes but to egg‐based processes as well.
Identification of Novel Histone Deacetylase 6‐Selective Inhibitors Bearing 3,3,3‐Trifluorolactic Amide (TFLAM) Motif as a Zinc Binding Group
Authors: Kurohara Takashi , Tanaka Keita , Takahashi Daisuke , Ueda Satoshi , Yamashita Yasunobu , Takada Yuri , Takeshima Hirokazu , Yu Shengwang , Itoh Yukihiro , Hase Koji , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer and immunological diseases. Most of the previously reported HDAC6 inhibitors have a hydroxamate group as a zinc binding group (ZBG), which coordinates to the catalytic zinc ion of HDAC6. The hydroxamate group is liable to metabolically generate mutagenetic hydroxylamine; therefore, non‐hydroxamate HDAC6 inhibitors would be advantageous. In this study, to identify novel non‐hydroxamate HDAC6‐selective inhibitors, screening of a chemical library and the subsequent structural optimization were performed, which led to the identification of HDAC6‐selective inhibitors with 3,3,3‐trifluorolactic amide (TFLAM) as a novel ZBG. The identified inhibitor showed potent and selective HDAC6‐inhibitory activity in cells and induced regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation.
Shock indices in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Dangas George D. , Tomey Matthew I. 
Published: July 2021

Key Points
A novel STEMI Shock Index incorporating age, heart rate and coronary perfusion pressure predicts mortality after STEMI.
The study reinforces the importance of attention to age, heart rate, and blood pressure in early identification of STEMI patients at risk for mortality.
Larger studies of STEMI patients with complete hemodynamic data are needed to better define the utility of specific invasive hemodynamic measures for predicting mortality and guiding management.