bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice by inducing immune tolerance of CD8+ T cells and alleviating thymus injury
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Li Ruiqi , Fu Weijia , Cheng Hui , Zhang Yan , Tang Gusheng , Yang Jianmin , Wang Jianmin , Ni Xiong 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundChronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge.Materials and methodsHere, we used a representative cGVHD model with the donor C57BL/6 to recipient BALB/c combination. Post-HCT, mice were treated with IgG or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The severity of cGVHD was assessed by evaluating symptoms of cGVHD and histopathology examination (H&amp;E) of target organs. Thymus gland damage and defects of the negative selection were assessed by analyzing the CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes, cortical thymic epithelial cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Immunotolerance of CD8+ T cells was assessed by detecting the expression of CD80, PD-1, GRAIL and IL-7Rα. Long-term cellular and humoral immunity associated with graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects were evaluated through detecting the percentage of CD4+ T cells, IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations, and performing tumor challenge experiment.ResultsDonor CD8+ T cells caused thymic epithelial cells damage and impaired negative selection in recipients, leading to generation of autoreactive T cells and causing cGVHD. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment promoted immune incompetence of thymus-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, facilitated recovery of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and regeneration mTECs, and preserved negative-selection, but had no effects on the long-term cellular immunity and humoral immunity, resulting in preservation of GVL effect.ConclusionOur results indicate that anti-CD4 mAb therapy early post-HCT allows thymus recovery by inducing the immune tolerance of thymus infiltrated CD8+ T cells, thereby alleviating thymic epithelial cells damage, preserving negative selection, and preserving long-term GVL effect at the same time.
PGM3 insufficiency: a glycosylation disorder causing a notable T cell defect
Authors: Yang Linlin , Zerbato Barbara , Pessina Alex , Brambilla Luca , Andreani Virginia , Frey-Jakobs Stefanie , Fliegauf Manfred , Barbouche Mohamed-Ridha , Zhang Qiaoxia , Chiaradonna Ferdinando , Proietti Michele , Du Xin , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundHypomorphic mutations in the phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 3 (PGM3) gene cause a glycosylation disorder that leads to immunodeficiency. It is often associated with recurrent infections and atopy. The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the phenotypes and immunological features associated with PGM3 insufficiency and investigate potential disease mechanisms.MethodsA systematic review of 44 published cases of PGM3 variants was performed, followed by T-cell phenotyping of two patients with PGM3 variants. A genotype-phenotypic severity study was conducted by comparing the residual PGM3 expression of the 12 reconstituted variants in human B cells. A PGM3 inhibitor was used to assess its effect on CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation.ResultsPatients with PGM3 variants frequently presented with recurrent infections and atopy, accompanied by reduced naïve CD4+ T cell counts. A genotype–phenotype study showed that low levels of residual PGM3 expression are correlated with disease severity. Notably, inhibition of PGM3 activity impaired TCR-mediated CD4+ T cell proliferation and the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, complex N-glycans, O-GlcNAc, glycolytic stress, and mitochondrial respiration during proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Partial loss of PGM3 activity was observed to preferentially enhance Th1 and Th2 differentiation, while attenuating Th17 and Treg differentiation, consistent with clinical observations.ConclusionPGM3 is a critical regulator of CD4+ T-cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings provide new insights into the diverse clinical manifestations and therapeutic development of PGM3 deficiency.
Probability analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis patients in the gray zone
Authors: Zhang Jianna , Yu Sijie , Zhu Kailu , Li Shibo , Huang Yu 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large number of gray-zone (GZ) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in clinical practice.MethodsThe patients with CHB who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAccording to the different levels of HBeAg, ALT and HBV DNA, GZ patients were divided into four categories: (1) Gray zone A (GZ-A): HBeAg positive, normal ALT level, HBV DNA ≤ 106 IU/ml; (2) Gray zone B (GZ-B): HBeAg positive, ALT&gt;ULN, HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 104 IU/ml; (3) Gray zone C (GZ-C): HBeAg negative, normal ALT level, HBV DNA ≥ 2 × 103 IU/ml; and (4) Gray zone D (GZ-D): HBeAg negative, ALT &gt; ULN, serum HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 103 IU/ml. This observational study showed that after adjustment using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), the probability of developing HCC in the GZ group was similar to that in the immune-tolerant, HBeAg-positive immune active, and inactive groups. The IPTW-adjusted analysis revealed that the probability of developing HCC in the GZ-B subgroup was similar to that in the immune-active and HBeAg-negative immune-active groups.ConclusionThe GZ group and GZ-B subgroup have a higher risk of HCC. Anti-hepatitis B virus therapy should be considered as early as possible for patients in the GZ group, especially in the GZ-B subgroup.
Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion decorated with rhamnolipid for inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: in vitro and in vivo assessment
Authors: Yin Lizi , Guo Yingzi , Xv Xiyuan , Dai Yuyun , Li Luxin , Sun Fengsheng , Lv Xue , Shu Gang , Liang Xiaoxia , He Changliang , Xu Zhiwen , Ouyang Ping 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm associated infections are prevalent and persistent, posing a serious threat to human health and causing significant economic losses in animal husbandry. Nanoemulsions demonstrate significant potential in the treatment of bacterial biofilm associated infections due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, a novel cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion with the ability to penetrate biofilm structures and eliminate biofilms was developed.MethodsThe formulation of cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (Cin-NE) combined with rhamnolipid (RHL) was developed by self-assembly, and the efficacies of this formulation in inhibiting S. aureus biofilm associated infections were assessed through in vitro assays and in vivo experiments by a mouse skin wound healing model.ResultsThe particle size of the selected Cin-NE formulation was 13.66 ± 0.08 nm, and the Cin-RHL-NE formulation was 20.45 ± 0.25 nm. The selected Cin-RHL-NE formulation was stable at 4, 25, and 37°C. Furthermore, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of Cin-RHL-NE against MRSA was two-fold lower than drug solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed the superior efficacy of Cin-RHL-NE in eradicating MRSA biofilms while maintaining the Cin’s inherent functional properties. The efficacy of Cin-RHL-NE in the mouse skin wound healing model was superior to other formulation.ConclusionThese findings highlight the potential of the formulation Cin-RHL-NE for eradicating biofilms, and effective in treating notoriously persistent bacterial infections. The Cin-RHL-NE can used as a dosage form of Cin application to bacterial biofilm associated infections.
Data analysis protocol for early autonomic dysfunction characterization after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dong Kejun , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Vavilala Monica S. , Miller Joseph , Minic Zeljka , Ohnuma Tetsu , Laskowitz Daniel , Goldstein Benjamin A. , Ulloa Luis , Sheng Huaxin , Korley Frederick K. , Meurer William , Hu Xiao 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts normal brain tissue and functions, leading to high mortality and disability. Severe TBI (sTBI) causes prolonged cognitive, functional, and multi-organ dysfunction. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after sTBI can induce abnormalities in multiple organ systems, contributing to cardiovascular dysregulation and increased mortality. Currently, detailed characterization of early autonomic dysfunction in the acute phase after sTBI is lacking. This study aims to use physiological waveform data collected from patients with sTBI to characterize early autonomic dysfunction and its association with clinical outcomes to prevent multi-organ dysfunction and improving patient outcomes.ObjectiveThis data analysis protocol describes our pre-planned protocol using cardiac waveforms to evaluate early autonomic dysfunction and to inform multi-dimensional characterization of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after sTBI.MethodsWe will collect continuous cardiac waveform data from patients managed in an intensive care unit within a clinical trial. We will first assess the signal quality of the electrocardiogram (ECG) using a combination of the structural image similarity metric and signal quality index. Then, we will detect premature ventricular contractions (PVC) on good-quality ECG beats using a deep-learning model. For arterial blood pressure (ABP) data, we will employ a singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach to assess the signal quality. Finally, we will compute multiple indices of ANS functions through heart rate turbulence (HRT) analysis, time/frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse rate variability, and quantification of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) from high-quality continuous ECG and ABP signals. The early autonomic dysfunction will be characterized by comparing the values of calculated indices with their normal ranges.ConclusionThis study will provide a detailed characterization of acute changes in ANS function after sTBI through quantified indices from cardiac waveform data, thereby enhancing our understanding of the development and course of eAD post-sTBI.
Enhancement of prefrontal functional connectivity under the influence of concurrent physical load during mental tasks
Authors: Cheng Shan , Cong Lin , Hui Duoduo , Teng Chaolin , Li Wenbin , Ma Jin 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundsFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is widely used for the evaluation of mental workload (MWL), but it is not yet clear whether it is affected by physical factors during cognitive tasks. Therefore, the combined effects of physical and cognitive loads on hemodynamic features in the prefrontal cortex were evaluated.MethodsThirty-three eligible healthy male subjects were asked to perform three types of cognitive tasks (1-back, 2-back and 3-back). Concurrently, isotonic contraction aerobic exercise of the left upper limb was added. During this compound task, fNIRS signals, workload perception and task performance were recorded. Based on the oxyhemoglobin concentration, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CORR), coherence value (COH) and the phase-locking value (PLV) were calculated to reflect FC among eight channels.ResultsOn the basis of effects of cognitive tasks, the concurrent physical activities would further increase National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index score (p &lt; 0.05) and decrease task performance (p &lt; 0.05). The fNIRS-based results showed that cognitive and physical loads had significant interaction effects on CORR (p &lt; 0.05), COH (p &lt; 0.05), and PLV (p = 0.010), while their main effects were not significant. The results of different channel pairs suggested that the functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral orbital frontal cortex was significantly enhanced under the combined effects of high physical and high cognitive load.DiscussionFrom the perspective of prefrontal functional connectivity, this study supports measurable effects of physical factor on operators’ mental load. The results provide a reference for the real-time (or online) assessment of the MWL level in the natural environment.
Automated assessment of endometrial receptivity for screening recurrent pregnancy loss risk using deep learning-enhanced ultrasound and clinical data
Authors: Yan Shanling , Xiong Fei , Xin Yanfen , Zhou Zhuyu , Liu Wanqing 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) poses significant challenges in clinical management due to an unclear etiology in over half the cases. Traditional screening methods, including ultrasonographic evaluation of endometrial receptivity (ER), have been debated for their efficacy in identifying high-risk individuals. Despite the potential of artificial intelligence, notably deep learning (DL), to enhance medical imaging analysis, its application in ER assessment for RPL risk stratification remains underexplored.ObjectiveThis study aims to leverage DL techniques in the analysis of routine clinical and ultrasound examination data to refine ER assessment within RPL management.MethodsEmploying a retrospective, controlled design, this study included 346 individuals with unexplained RPL and 369 controls to assess ER. Participants were allocated into training (n = 485) and testing (n = 230) datasets for model construction and performance evaluation, respectively. DL techniques were applied to analyze conventional grayscale ultrasound images and clinical data, utilizing a pre-trained ResNet-50 model for imaging analysis and TabNet for tabular data interpretation. The model outputs were calibrated to generate probabilistic scores, representing the risk of RPL. Both comparative analyses and ablation studies were performed using ResNet-50, TabNet, and a combined fusion model. These were evaluated against other state-of-the-art DL and machine learning (ML) models, with the results validated against the testing dataset.ResultsThe comparative analysis demonstrated that the ResNet-50 model outperformed other DL architectures, achieving the highest accuracy and the lowest Brier score. Similarly, the TabNet model exceeded the performance of traditional ML models. Ablation studies demonstrated that the fusion model, which integrates both data modalities and is presented through a nomogram, provided the most accurate predictions, with an area under the curve of 0.853. The radiological DL model made a more significant contribution to the overall performance of the fusion model, underscoring its superior predictive capability.ConclusionThis investigation demonstrates the superiority of a DL-enhanced fusion model that integrates routine ultrasound and clinical data for accurate stratification of RPL risk, offering significant advancements over traditional methods.
Fatigue and recovery-related changes in postural and core stability in sedentary employees: a study protocol
Authors: Amiri Banafsheh , Zemková Erika 
Published: December 2024

Prolonged sitting leads to a slumped posture, which indirectly influences spinal curvature and increases low back and hamstring stiffness. Active rather than passive recovery is an effective way to reduce the risks associated with such prolonged inactivity. However, it remains to be investigated which of the exercises frequently used for this purpose, the trunk stability and foam rolling exercise, is more beneficial. This protocol study will compare the effects of foam rolling exercises on the recovery of impaired core and postural stability induced by core muscle fatigue and hamstring muscle stiffness with those of trunk stabilization exercises in sedentary adults. Twenty sedentary adults ranging in age from 25 to 44 years old, comprising 50% men and 50% women, will participate in a modified Abt’s trunk muscle fatigue protocol, then proceed with (1) active recovery in the form of trunk stabilization exercises, (2) active recovery in the form of foam rolling exercises, and (3) passive recovery, entails lying on a bed, respectively. Pre-fatigue, post-fatigue, and after all three recovery modalities, core and postural stability, and back and hamstring muscle flexibility will be evaluated using an inertial sensor system, and a posturography system. Muscle-fatigue conditions will be determined using electromyogram signals. Although the effects of foam rolling and trunk stabilization exercises can be attributed to different physiological mechanisms, the former releasing myofascial to improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension, the latter strengthening core muscles to stabilize posture, we hypothesize that both are equivalently effective in reducing the consequences of prolonged sitting.
How to reduce the adverse effects of weight stigma on the quality of life: a preferred reported items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)
Authors: Ramsamy Guillaume , Mosbah Helena , Faure Jean Pierre , Plault Vanina , Albouy Marion , Esnard Catherine 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionObesity, affecting 38% of adults globally, carries economic burdens and health risks like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Weight-loss programs often face challenges due to stigma and poor body image, impacting individuals’ quality of life. Research on interventions targeting weight stigma is lacking, emphasizing the need for comprehensive approaches addressing psychological and behavioral aspects for effective care.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched into three databases (PubMed, APA PsycArticles/PsycInfo, and Web of Science) articles published between 1975 and 2024. Studies were eligible if they involved people living with overweight or obesity who participate in a psychological program targeting, or not, weight stigma and if at least one outcome was related to weight stigma.ResultsWe selected 24 studies published between 2009 and 2022, the majority concerning English-speaking countries. Reduction in weight stigma was observed in 23/24 studies, particularly through cognitive-behavioral techniques (18/24 studies), while others studies emphasized individual predispositions and the need for longer, and denser interventions.ConclusionThree relevant characteristics emerged from the studies analysed: content, duration and tools. Cognitive-behavioral techniques were central, aiding participants in managing their condition and coping with stigma. Interventions reducing Weight Bias Internalization (WBI) led to improved psychosocial determinants, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Future research should address intervention duration, participant involvement, and the association between WBI and psychosocial factors to enhance outcomes and understanding.
The interactive effect of affectionate nicknames and streamer type on streamer attitude in E-commerce live streaming: the mediating role of psychological closeness
Authors: Liu Yuan , Liu Maohong 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundWith the widespread application of Artificial Intelligence technology in the field of E-commerce, human–machine relationships have attracted considerable attention within the field of psychology. Address forms, as crucial linguistic cues, have shown notable progress in advancing research on interpersonal relationships; however, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics in interpersonal (or human–machine) relationships among interactors remains elusive. Therefore, based on Social Identity Theory, this paper explores the interactive effects and underlying mechanisms of affectionate nicknames and streamer type on streamer attitude in E-commerce live streaming, with consumers’ perceptions of psychological closeness serving as the mediating mechanism.MethodsTwo between-subjects experimental designs, both involving a 2 (Affectionate Nicknames: use vs. non-use) × 2 (Streamer Type: human streamer vs. virtual streamer) factorial structure, were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1, utilizing image materials, collected 368 samples on the Credamo to examine the interactive influence of streamer type and affectionate nicknames on streamer attitude. Study 2, employing video materials, gathered 370 samples on the same platform. While replicating and validating the findings of Study 1, it also revealed that the interactive effect of streamer type and affectionate nicknames on consumer’s streamer attitude is mediated by psychological closeness.ResultsThis paper finds that consumers’ psychological closeness differs significantly across different streamer types, leading to potential variations in consumer attitude toward streamer type within different linguistic communication contexts. Specifically, when consumers encounter human streamers, using affectionate nicknames elicits a more positive streamer attitude compared to not using them; conversely, when consumers encounter virtual streamers, not using affectionate nicknames results in a more negative streamer attitude compared to using them.ConclusionThis paper not only compares the linguistic and communicative distinctions between interpersonal relationships and human–machine relationships from a psychological perspective but also undertakes valuable empirical investigations into their interaction differences. Furthermore, it contributes to advancing research into consumer responses to commercial avatars and offers practical managerial guidance for businesses employing avatars in E-commerce live streaming practices.
Relationships among workaholism, personality, obsessive beliefs, and entrepreneurial motivation
Authors: Ghasemijalal Rojin , Serrano-Fernández María José , Boada-Cuerva Maria , Sora Beatriz , Assens-Serra Jordi , Boada-Grau Joan 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionRecent studies focusing mainly on entrepreneurial motivation have identified several variables (family security, motivation, and entrepreneurial intentions) as predictors of employee creativity. This research aims to provide insights into the underlying factors that shape entrepreneurial motivation, which can be used to develop effective strategies to support and foster entrepreneurship. In this study, we examine the relationship between workaholism, personality, obsessive beliefs and entrepreneurial motivation.MethodsThe study sample was comprised of 1,106 Spanish workers (48.51% men and 51.49% women) obtained through non-probability sampling.ResultsOur results showed that entrepreneurship motivation is related to personality traits. Positive relationships have been found with the variable perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, conscientiousness, work enjoyment, and agreeableness. Perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty are the variables most strongly related to entrepreneurial motivation.DiscussionOur study contributes to the body of literature that examines the relationships between workaholism, personality, obsessive beliefs, and entrepreneurial motivation. The practical implications suggest that entrepreneurship support programs could benefit from considering not only entrepreneurial orientation but also other variables such as perfectionism and work enjoyment.