bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Behavioral Problems in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Csabi Eszter , Gaál Veronika , Hallgató Emese , Schulcz Rebeka Anna , Katona Gábor , Benedek Pálma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Healthy sleep is essential for children’s cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the behavioral consequences of sleep disturbances examining children with sleep-disordered breathing compared to control participants. Methods: 78 children with SDB (average age: 6.7 years (SD = 1.83); 61 had OSA and 17 had primary snoring) and 156 control subjects (average age: 6.57 years (SD = 1.46) participated in the study. We matched the groups in age (t(232) = 0.578, p = 0.564) and gender (χ2(1) = 2.192, p = 0.139). In the SDB group, the average Apnea-Hypopnea Index was 3.44 event/h (SD = 4.00), the average desaturation level was 87.3 % (SD = 6.91). Parent-report rating scales were used to measure the children’s daytime behavior including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Our results showed that children with SDB exhibited a higher level of inattentiveness and hyperactive behavior. Furthermore, the SDB group demonstrated more internalizing (anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, social problems) (p < 0.001) and externalizing (aggressive and rule-breaking behavior) problems compare to children without SDB, irrespective of severity. Conclusion: Based on our findings we supposed that even snoring and mild OSA had a risk for developing behavioral and emotional dysfunctions as much as moderate-severe OSA. Therefore, clinical research and practice need to focus more on the accurate assessment and treatment of sleep disturbances in childhood, particularly primary snoring, and mild obstructive sleep apnea.
Fluorescent Indicators for Live-Cell and in Vitro Detection of Inorganic Cadmium Dynamics
Authors: Hu Shulin , Yang Jun , Liao Anqi , Lin Ying , Liang Shuli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cadmium contamination is a severe threat to the environment and food safety. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive and selective cadmium detection tools. The engineered fluorescent indicator is a powerful tool for the rapid detection of inorganic cadmium in the environment. In this study, the development of yellow fluorescent indicators of cadmium chloride by inserting a fluorescent protein at different positions of the high cadmium-specific repressor and optimizing the flexible linker between the connection points is reported. These indicators provide a fast, sensitive, specific, high dynamic range, and real-time readout of cadmium ion dynamics in solution. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescent indicators N0C0/N1C1 showed a linear response to cadmium concentration within the range from 10/30 to 50/100 nM and with a detection limit of 10/33 nM. Escherichia coli cells containing the indicator were used to further study the response of cadmium ion concentration in living cells. E. coli N1C1 could respond to different concentrations of cadmium ions. This study provides a rapid and straightforward method for cadmium ion detection in vitro and the potential for biological imaging.
Engineering Nonlinear Epileptic Biomarkers Using Deep Learning and Benford’s Law
Authors: Caffarini Joseph , Gjini Klevest , Sevak Brinda , Waleffe Roger , Kalkach-Aparicio Mariel , Boly Melanie , Struck Aaron F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study we designed two deep neural networks to encode 16 feature latent spaces for early seizure detection in intracranial EEG and compared them to 16 widely used engineered metrics: Epileptogenicity Index (EI), Phase Locked High Gamma (PLHG), Time and Frequency Domain Cho Gaines Distance (TDCG, FDCG), relative band powers, and log absolute band powers (from alpha, beta, theta, delta, gamma, and high gamma bands. The deep learning models were pretrained for seizure identification on the time and frequency domains of one second single channel clips of 127 seizures (from 25 different subjects) using “leave-one-out” (LOO) cross validation. Each neural network extracted unique feature spaces that were used to train a Random Forest Classifier (RFC) for seizure identification and latency tasks. The Gini Importance of each feature was calculated from the pretrained RFC, enabling the most significant features (MSFs) for each task to be identified. The MSFs were extracted from the UPenn and Mayo Clinic's Seizure Detection Challenge to train another RFC for the contest. They obtained an AUC score of 0.93, demonstrating a transferable method to identify interpretable biomarkers for seizure detection.
Role of N6-methyladenosine Regulated lncRNAs in Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Checkpoints of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qu Guangzhen , Wang Dong , Xu Weiyu , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-regulated lncRNAs and tumor prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints (ICPs) expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsWe downloaded the raw RNA-sequence data and clinical data of PDAC from https://xenabrowser.net/ (cohort: TCGA Pancreatic Cancer) and Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx). The m6A-regulated lncRNA was obtained by co-expression analysis. After that, lncRNA profiles and PDAC survival information were merged, and m6A-regulated multi-lncRNA prognostic model was constructed through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Through consensus clustering algorithm analysis, PDAC samples were divided into C1 and C2 groups. The downstream pathway signals of the two groups were constructed by Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis. Finally, we detect the links between m6A regulated lncRNAs, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression.ResultsA total of 28 differential expressed m6A-regulated lncRNAs were identiﬁed, and based on this, a total of two subtypes of PDAC were obtained. A risk score nomogram consist of 11 m6A-regulated lncRNAs was constructed based on LASSO regression analysis. PDAC patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups based on risk scores. In addition to that, we identified IDO1 as a potential novel ICPs in PDAC.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an indispensable role for m6A-regulated lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration. We could screen patients suitable for immunotherapy. Long term survival of PDAC patients can be predicted by 11 m6A regulated lncRNAs superiorly. The immune infiltration and ICPs expression were further explored in both groups.
Identification and Area Calculation of the Egg Mass of Spodoptera Frugiperda Based on Faster-RCNN
Authors: Liang Zhishang , Peng Yinqiao , Sheikh Muhammad Sameer , Wu Zhengwei , Wang Ji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a migratory and destructive crop pest. The number of eggs is an important method to evaluate the pest situation, which can be estimated by the area of egg mass. The traditional manual method is inefficient, but the new method of egg mass image recognition improves the efficiency of eggs number estimation. In this paper, the optimized Faster-RCNN target detection algorithm was used to recognize the egg mass image of Spodoptera frugiperda. The Maximum Between-Class Variance method (Otsu) was used for threshold segmentation to obtain the position, shape and size of the egg mass and calculate the area of the egg mass. The mean value of the relative error of the egg mass area in the test samples was -0.02032, and the minimum value was -0.00047. The experimental results show that the egg area calculation method proposed in this paper is fast and accurate, which can meet the requirements of egg area measurement.
BSA‑Seq and Genetic Mapping Reveals AhRt2 as a Candidate Gene Responsible for Red Testa of Peanut
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yuan Mei , Xia Han , He Liangqiong , Ma Jing , Wang Mingxiao , Zhao Huiling , Hou Lei , Zhao Shuzhen , Li Pengcheng , Tian Ruizheng , Pan Jiaowen , Li Guanghui , Thudi Mahendar , Ma Changle , Wang Xingjun , Zhao Chuanzhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Testa color is an important trait of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Peanuts with red testa are rich in anthocyanin, are very popular with consumers. However, genes responsible for the red testa trait in peanut are rarely reported. In order to fine map red testa gene, two F4 populations were constructed through the cross of YZ9102 (pink testa) with ZH12 (red testa) and Zhanhong2 (red testa). Genetic analysis indicated that red testa was controlled by a single recessive gene, and named as AhRt2 (Red testa gene 2). Using BSA-seq approach, AhRt2 was preliminary identified in chromosome 12, and further mapped to a 530-kb interval using 220 recombinant lines through linkage mapping. Functional annotation, expression profiling, and sequence variation analyses confirmed that the anthocyanin reductase (ANR), Arahy.IK60LM, was the most likely candidate gene for AhRt2. A SNP in the third exon of AhRt2 changed the encoding amino acids, was associated with red testa of peanut. In addition, a closely linkaged molecular marker to red testa trait was developed. Our result provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying peanut testa color and provide valuable diagnostic marker for marker-assisted selected (MAS) breeding in peanut.
Novel Method for Evaluation of Sagittal Spinal Alignment Using Cluster Analysis of Slope of Each Vertebra.
Authors: Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Oshima Yasushi , Taniguchi Yuki , Doi Toru , Kato So , Nakamoto Hideki , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The parameters of sagittal spinal alignment proposed to date measure only the specific sectional angle or the specific sectional distance of the entire spine. To evaluate the alignment of the entire spine without segmentation, we sought to measure and analyze the slope of each vertebral body from skull to pelvis. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of this novel analytic method for the evaluation of spinal alignment that considers the slope of each spinal vertebra using graph and cluster analysis.Methods: Every spinal slope from McGregor’s slope to the sacral slope of 88 patients who underwent standing whole spine radiography was measured. Subsequently, we conducted cluster analysis of each spinal slope to understand the characteristics of sagittal alignment.Results: Cluster analysis of whole spinal slopes did not provide useful results in this study because the number of cases per cluster was small due to the large number of parameters. Therefore, we focused the cluster analysis on only the cervical spine slopes. Then, we categorized cervical alignment into four groups (named Normal, Mismatch, Straight, and Sigmoid) based on the results of the cluster analysis. Patients in the Normal and Mismatch groups were older and had lower lumbar apex (L4), apparent lordo-kyphosis around the thoracolumbar junction, and high thoracic kyphosis (TK). Patients in the straight and sigmoid groups were younger, had a higher lumbar apex (L3), flat thoracolumbar junction, and low TK. There was no significant difference between the four groups with respect to pelvic incidence (PI) or pelvic tilt (PT).Conclusion: We proposed a novel method for visually understanding sagittal alignment. Using this analysis method, differences and similarities of sagittal alignment between each group can be easily identified. More detailed analysis of the whole spine may be possible by increasing the number of cases.
Community Confounding In Joint Species Distribution Models
Authors: Ee Justin J. Van , Ivan Jacob S. , Hooten Mevin B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Joint species distribution models have become ubiquitous for studying species-habitat relationships and dependence among species. Accounting for community structure often improves predictive power, but can also alter inference on species-habitat relationships. Modulated species-habitat relationships are indicative of community confounding: The situation in which interspecies dependence and habitat effects compete to explain species distributions. We discuss community confounding in a case study of mammalian responses to the Colorado bark beetle epidemic in the subalpine forest by comparing the inference from independent single species distribution models and a joint species distribution model. We present a method for measuring community confounding and develop a restricted version of our hierarchical model that orthogonalizes the habitat and species random effects. Our results indicate that variables associated with the severity and duration of the bark beetle epidemic suffer from community confounding. This implies that mammalian responses to the bark beetle epidemic are governed by interconnected habitat and community effects. Disentangling habitat and community effects can improve our understanding of the ecological system and possible management strategies. We evaluate restricted regression as a method for alleviating community confounding and distinguish it from other inferential methods for confounded models.
Geriatric Patients With Breast Cancer: G8 as a Frailty Screening Tool
Authors: Rocio Grajales-Alvarez , Gutierrez-Mata Alicia , Martinez-Hernandez Enrique , Zavala-Calderon Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose The highest incidence of breast cancer is in senile patients. Treatment decisions are often based on their age and ECOG. The implementation of the G8 in the oncology consultation is useful for timely referral of vulnerable patients to specialized care, in order to generate an improvement on their treatment and prognosis.The aim of this work is to determine, using the G8, the proportion of patients aged >65 years with breast cancer, which requires a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).Material and methodsThe G8 questionnaire was applied to patients >65 years with breast cancer. The baseline characteristics were prospectively collected. Descriptive statistics were used for the characteristics of the patients and the assessment tools. The difference between groups was assessed using Pearson's chi square with Yates correction. Additional scores were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups using the log rank test. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using a Cox proportional hazard analysis, considering an abnormal G8 score as an exposure variable. A Spearman correlation was made between age and G8 score. SPSS v22 software (IBM, USA) was used for all analyzes.ResultsFrom December 2019 to May 2020, 357 patients were recruited. The mean age was 73.57 years. Seventy-four percent had an ECOG 1; 44.3% required a CGA (n = 158), but only 55.1% (n = 87) were performed. The G8 most affected domains were polypharmacy (51%) and ingestion (28.3%). We found significant association between the requirement for CGA and ECOG, p <0.0001. ConclusionThe G8 is a tool that allows us to discern which patients require a CGA in order to carry out interventions to improve cancer treatment, so it should be implemented routinely in the oncology consultation.*ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Analysis of the Treatment Costs of Malignant Tumor Diseases in China’s Hunan Province Based on“System of Health Account 2011”
Authors: Li Jiale , Wang Zhaojie , Zhang Yu , Du Ying , Cai Donghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: To calculate and analyze the treatment costs of malignant tumors in Hunan Province in 2019, and to provide data support for the formulation and implementation of policies by the health department. Methods: Refer to the "2019 Hunan Province Health Finance Annual Report" and "2019 Hunan Province Health Statistics Summary", based on the “System of Health Account 2011”, calculate and analyze the disease types, beneficiaries, institutional distribution and financing status of malignant tumors diseases. Results: In 2019, the total cost of malignant tumor treatment in Hunan Province was 440,596,800 yuan. The top five were malignant tumors of digestive organs (40.10%), malignant tumors of respiratory and intrathoracic organs (17.62%), and malignant tumors of breast (12.24%), female genital organ malignant tumors (9.88%) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors (6.87%). The 35 to 79-year-old age group has higher treatment costs. The costs are concentrated in general hospitals. Funding sources mainly come from government financing and family health expenditure. The main influencing factors of malignant tumor hospitalization expenses are gender, length of stay, age, drug proportion, institution level and medical institution type.Conclusions: The disease burden of malignant tumors is relatively serious; primary medical and health institutions lack health resources; and household health expenditure accounts for a relatively high proportion. Therefore, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment should be promoted reasonably, focused on key diseases and populations, and medical security policies should be improved to ensure that patients with malignant tumors and their families’ economic burden of disease can be reduced.
Prednisolone Therapy Accelerated Recovery of Severe Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhu Bing , Song Fangjiao , Liu Honglin , Sun Yin , Xu Tianjiao , Li Dongze , Wang Haibo , Xin Shaojie , Wang Yudong , Cheng Gregory , Lau George , Lv Sa , You Shaoli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most serious adverse drug reactions and the incidence has been increasing rapidly. Accumulating evidence suggested that the immune activation and systemic inflammatory responses play a significant role in the progression of DILI. Corticosteroids are often used in DILI, but clinical usefulness remain controversial. We therefore conducted a prospective randomized controlled study to investigate whether corticosteroid therapy can accelerate recovery and reduce mortality in severe DILI (SDILI).Methods SDILI patients with total bilirubin (TBIL) ≥171 μmol/L presented to Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing from 1/1/2015 to 31/12/2019 were randomized into prednisolone group and control group. The primary endpoints were proportion of subjects with resolution of SDILI defined as decrease in TBIL by at least 35 μmol/L to below 171 μmol/L and overall survival at 6 months. Patients in prednisolone group received prednisolone 60 mg/day therapy for the first 7 days. Patients reaching the primary endpoint or achieved decrease in TBIL by more than 35 umol/L on day 8 would continue on tapering doses of prednisolone, otherwise prednisolone would be discontinued.Results On day 8, 50.7% (34/67) and 26.5% (18/68) of the subjects in the prednisolone group and control group achieved the primary endpoint respectively, p=0.002. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival at 6 months, 95.52% (64/67) vs 91.2% (62/68), p= 0.2. All deaths in both groups occurred in patients who failed to achieve SDILI resolution on day 8.Conclusions Prednisolone therapy may accelerate recovery of SDILI and shorten hospitalization.
Assessment of Quality of Life Following Radiotherapy in Patients With Rectum Cancer
Authors: Yavuz Berrin Benli , Aktan Meryem , Kanyilmaz Gul , Demir Lutfi Saltuk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on quality of life (QoL) and influencing factors.MethodsData of 106 patients who completely filled out the three questionnaires were evaluated in this prospective study. Quality of life was evaluated with cancer-specific QLQ-C30 and colorectal cancer module QLQ-CR29 created by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). All statistical analyses were done with SPSS version 22 software. A p level of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.ResultsMedian age was 61 (27-86). Of the patients, 77 (72.6%) were male and 29 (27.4%) were female. When QLQ-C30 questionnaires were evaluated, it was observed that physical, role, cognitive and emotional function scores were impaired following RT however returned to pre-RT levels on control. According to the results of QLQ-CR29 questionnaire, after RT, impairment was observed in urination frequency, urinary incontinence, stool frequency, dysuria, fecal incontinence, embarrassment, sexual interest in males scales however they returned to pre-RT values on control. When evaluated with regard to age, financial difficulty, global health score, mucus in stool, dysuria, dyspareunia and abdominal pain were observed to be poorer in the young; urination frequency and urinary incontinence were observed to be poorer in the elderly. ConclusionAlthough both functional and symptom scales were shown to impair, most of them were detected to be temporal and patients could well tolerate radiotherapy. Additional assessment is required for evaluating the late effects of treatments on QoL.
Transhiatal Chest Drainage Reduces The Frequency of Postoperative Thoracentesis In Transmediastinal Esophagectomy For Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hisakura Katsuji , Ogawa Koichi , Akashi Yoshimasa , Kim Jaejeong , Moue Shoko , Ohara Yusuke , Owada Yohei , Hashimoto Shinji , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Oda Tatsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Transmediastinal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer occasionally results in the postoperative accumulation of pleural effusion despite the preservation of the mediastinal pleura. Transhiatal chest drainage has reported utility in thoracic esophagectomy; however, its use in transmediastinal esophagectomy remains unelucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transhiatal chest drainage in transmediastinal esophagectomy.Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent transmediastinal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer from 2018 to 2020. The transhiatal chest drainage involved the insertion of a 19-Fr Blake® drain from the inferior hepatic space to the left thoracic cavity through the hiatus. The drainage group comprising 13 patients was compared with the non-drainage group comprising 13 patients in whom a transhiatal chest drainage tube was not placed during transmediastinal esophagectomy.Results: The frequency of thoracentesis in the drainage group was significantly lower than that in the non-drainage group (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the occurrence of other postoperative complications, duration of oxygen administration, and postoperative hospital stay.Conclusions: Transhiatal chest drainage could evacuate pleural effusion effectively and safely after transmediastinal esophagectomy. Therefore, this procedure is clinically useful in transmediastinal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.