bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead‐Free Chiral 2D Double Perovskite Microwire Arrays for Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Dong Meiqiu , Feng Jiangang , Zhao Jinjin , Guo Yangwu , Fu Yue , Gao Hanfei , Yang Junchuan , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe realization of polarized photodetection vigorously accelerates the development of applications in quantum communication, medicine, imaging, and sensing. Polarized light detection has been realized based on chiral perovskites, but the high concentrations of toxic lead and instability in those reported perovskites impose difficulties for their commercial applications. Furthermore, the precise patterning of perovskite arrays with high crystallinity is in high demand for the integration of optoelectronic devices. Herein, pure (001)‐orientated lead‐free chiral 2D double perovskite single‐crystalline microwire arrays are fabricated by the capillary‐bridge confined assembly technique. Perovskite microwire arrays present remarkable environmental stability under ambient conditions. With the synergy of the excellent crystallinity and sensitive circular‐polarization absorption of chiral perovskite microwire arrays, outstanding circularly polarized light photodetectors are realized, with responsivity exceeding 52 mA W−1 and detectivity exceeding 3.9 × 1011 Jones.
Distribution and density of the Critically Endangered estuarine pipefish across its range – implications for conservation
Authors: Claassens Louw , de Villiers Nina M. , Seath Jessica , Wasserman Johan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The identification and development of locally significant conservation actions require comprehensive and current ecological species information. Logistically this can be difficult, especially when studying rare and cryptic species which are at greater risk of becoming extinct. This study investigated the current distribution and density of the estuarine pipefish Syngnathus watermeyeri, the only Critically Endangered pipefish in the world, and the commonly found longsnout pipefish Syngnathus temminckii.
Pipefish were surveyed using a seine net in the Kariega, Bushmans, Kasouga and Kleinemonde East and West estuaries, located on the south coast of South Africa, in October 2019, March 2020 and July 2020. The habitat and physico‐chemical characteristics of each site were measured to determine whether these factors had an effect on the presence of S. watermeyeri. In addition, available habitat extent within the Bushmans and Kariega estuaries was mapped.
Pipefish were only detected in two of the five estuaries within the historical range of S. watermeyeri and a total of 59 S. watermeyeri and 45 S. temminckii were found across all three surveys. Zostera capensis and Codium sp. were the dominant submerged vegetation within the Bushmans and Kariega estuaries and the presence of pipefish was positively associated with the availability of vegetation, especially Codium sp.
This is the most extensive targeted survey for S. watermeyeri to date, both temporally and spatially, and provides important insights into what threatens this species. This information should be used to inform future IUCN Red List assessments and the development of locally significant conservation actions.
o‐Cyanobenzoate: A Recyclable and Reusable Stereo‐directing Group for β‐O‐Glycosylation via Pd(0)‐catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement
Authors: Das Pradip , Rahaman Molla Mosidur , Kumar Amit , Thakur Rima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInner sphere Tsuji‐Trost reaction has found recent application for β‐selective Ferrier rearrangement of glycal substrates with alcohol nucleophiles. Herein, we report an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of 2,3‐dideoxy‐β‐O‐glycosides from C3‐(o‐cyanobenzoate) ester protected glycal donors via Ferrier rearrangement under Pd(0)‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost conditions. The synthesized donors indeed reacted with a variety of acceptors to afford the corresponding glycosides in good yields and excellent β‐stereoselectivity. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions has been found to be independent of the nature of protecting groups or conformational flexibility of the glycal donors. Furthermore, regeneration of ortho‐cyanobenzoic acid post rearrangement makes it a recyclable and reusable stereodirecting group. A preliminary mechanistic study demonstrates the importance of cyano‐group for the observed rearrangement and stereoselectivity. Incorporation of the directing group on the benzoate ester has altered the reactivity of the ester group as a leaving group for Tsuji‐Trost as well as Ferrier Rearrangement pathway.
Tracing X‐ray and HI absorption in peaked spectrum sources
Authors: Kerrison Emily F. , Moss Vanessa A. , Sadler Elaine M. , Allison James R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that both 21 cm HI absorption and soft X‐ray absorption serve as excellent tracers of the dense and dusty gas near the active nucleus of young radio galaxies, offering new insight into the physical nature of the circumnuclear medium. To date, a correlation between the column densities derived using these absorption processes have been observed within Compact Steep Spectrum and Gigahertz‐Peaked Spectrum radio sources. While it is possible that this correlation exists within the broader radio population, many samples of radio galaxies make this difficult to test due to selection effects. This paper explores the possibility of a correlation in the broader radio population by analyzing a historic sample of 168 radio sources compiled from the literature in such a way so as to minimize selection bias. From this historic sample, we conclude that there is some evidence for a correlation between HI and soft X‐ray absorption outside of peaked spectrum sources, but that the selection bias toward these sources makes further analysis difficult using current samples. We discuss this in the context of the SEAFOG project and how forthcoming data will change the landscape of future absorption studies.
Parental age and autism severity in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART) study
Authors: Kavanaugh Brian C. , Gabert Tess ,   Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART), Jones Richard N. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Morrow Eric M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvanced parental age at offspring birth has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between parental age at birth and autism severity. The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART) study represents a community‐based sample with a range of autism severity, including participants with and without ASD. This study involved participants (n = 1178) enrolled in RI‐CART with available mother and father ages at birth. Primary data points included the age of mother and father at the participant's birth and results from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Second Edition (ADOS‐2). Mothers were 1.7 years older at the time of birth of the child with ASD, as compared to mothers of offspring without ASD. Fathers of children with ASD were 1.6 years older at the time of birth than fathers of children without ASD. The age of both parents at offspring birth displayed a positive, statistically significant association with overall ASD severity and the severity of restricted/repetitive behaviors. This finding was driven by the association between parental age and the severity of compulsions or rituals. Intelligence and adaptive functioning did not moderate the relationship between parental age and ASD severity. This study extends prior research to show that advanced parental age at birth is associated with the severity as well as the presence of ASD in offspring.
Data Management Programs Offer Multiple Benefits
Authors: Bradley Tyler C. , Horscroft Nicola , Mattson Kyle , Burlingame Gary A. 
Published: December 2021

Key TakeawaysWater systems should work toward developing data management programs that extend the knowledge gained from routine water quality monitoring.Developing routine data‐based reports or data‐driven dashboards can help utilities proactively manage their drinking water distribution systems.Adopting open‐source scripted software can help systems automate many data‐driven tasks while reducing errors, allowing operators to access needed information faster to make data‐informed decisions.
Using AMI Data for Water Distribution Modeling
Authors: Jackson Stephen , Walski Thomas , Dryer Joseph , Nicholson Frank , French Joseph , Sutor Adrian , Barkjohn Zachary 
Published: December 2021

Key TakeawaysOne of the benefits of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is much more accurate modeling of customer demands.AMI data can capture both the temporal and spatial aspects of demands.AMI data in Walla Walla, Wash., provided useful insights on customer water use patterns.
Sustainable university entrepreneurship: Revisiting firm growth patterns
Authors: Fernández‐López Sara , Rodeiro‐Pazos David , Rodríguez‐Gulías María Jesús , Nogueira‐Moreiras Manuel Anxo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research on the firm growth of the university spin‐offs (USOs) and its drivers yields inconclusive results. Recently, the literature on the high‐growth firms (HGFs) has relied on regression quantile methods to study how the effects of growth determinants may differ along the firm growth distribution. This study builds a bridge between the two strands of literature by exploring how firm‐specific characteristics may shape sales and employment growth patterns of USOs. To this end, it applies panel data quantile regression models in a sample of 531 Spanish USOs over the period of 2001–2013. The results show that the growth drivers not only differ between employment growth and sales growth but also along the growth distributions.
The philanthropic response of substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility strategies to COVID‐19 crisis: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhong Ma , Zhao Weiqi , Shahab Yasir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 epidemic broke out in China in January 2020, which triggered the largest wave of corporate philanthropic donations since the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Based on A‐share listed firms in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in 2020, we study whether substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies affect corporate philanthropic responses during the COVID‐19 crisis. We use the lagged annual donation and technical dimension scores (T scores) of rankins ratings (RKS) as proxies of CSR performance and CSR disclosure and then define the CSR gap as the gap between the two. The results show that substantive and symbolic strategies cause firms to have material differential responses in the COVID‐19 crisis. Specifically, the CSR gap is negatively related to the possibility and the level of crisis donation. In addition, (1) this difference is more pronounced in the earlier period of the COVID‐19 crisis; (2) the negative correlation is more pronounced in private firms; and (3) the crisis donation of firms with either strategy obtains no different response from the capital market. Our evidence suggests that the established CSR strategy influences the substantive response of Chinese firms to public emergencies, but their substantive response does not result in different reactions in the capital market.
Marx‐based pulse generator with high‐voltage gain
Authors: Kholgh Khiz Ali , Banaei Mohamad Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new configuration of Marx generator with high‐voltage (HV) gain is presented for electroporation applications. Each module consists of one switch, one capacitor, and two diodes. The capacitors are charged in parallel with the input inductor and the input DC voltage source simultaneously; eventually, the charged capacitors are connected in series, and the HV output pulses are generated. The load is connected differently at the output stage, and there is not any switch at the output stage to generate the HV pulses. The majority of Marx generators suffer from the high number of modules to reach the desired pulse peak voltage. Due to the high‐voltage gain of the proposed topology, fewer modules are needed to achieve the desired HV pulse peak voltage. Mathematical analysis is presented along with a full design of the system components. Soft switching reduces the switching power loss in this converter, which is presented in detail. A comparative study is carried out to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed structure. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed concept.
Postglacial outsize fan formation in the Upper Rhone valley, Switzerland – gradual or catastrophic?
Authors: Schoch‐Baumann Anna , Blöthe Jan Henrik , Munack Henry , Hornung Jens , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fülöp Réka‐H. , Wilcken Klaus , Schrott Lothar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOutsize fans are characterized by seemingly disproportionately small feeder catchments in relation to their fan area. Often having escaped rigorous scientific inquiry, the formative processes of these landforms remain inconclusive, supposedly ranging from catastrophic mass‐wasting processes to gradual fluvial formation. Here we apply a multi‐method approach, combining morphometric analysis with geophysical subsurface surveys and cosmogenic radionuclide exposure dating, to three outsize fans with hitherto unknown formation history in the Upper Rhone valley, Switzerland. Their feeder catchments are cut into bedrock hillslopes with a lack of indication of both pre‐existing catchment structures and/or unconsolidated material that was available after deglaciation.Focusing our study on the largest of these fans, our findings suggest a fan formation in three phases: In Phase 1, commencing after deglaciation at c. 10 ka and ceasing with full catchment development c. 6.0 ka, bulk fan bodies were established by deposits of massive high‐energy, high‐magnitude debris flows exporting sediment with average yields of up to 73 kt km−2 yr−1. In Phase 2, feeder basins were affected by comparatively lower‐magnitude debris flows that distributed a sedimentary facies of debris flow channels, snouts and large boulders across the initial fan. Over time, deposition rates quickly decayed and finally ceased c. 0.8 ka, when the system entered the present Phase 3, during which the fan‐surface consolidated and fan aggradation terminated. Low gradient and abundant still‐water deposits upstream of the fan still attest to the disruption of longitudinal sediment connectivity in the trunk valley.We conclude that outsize fan formation by massive debris flows in the Upper Rhone valley was rapid and massive, but incremental and non‐catastrophic. Given the delivery of material at extremely high rates, outsize fans are capable of having a sustained impact on geomorphic systems and, during phases of activity, potentially endangering human livelihoods.
Experiences of women seeking care for abortion complications in health facilities: Secondary analysis of the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion in 11 African countries
Authors: Govule Philip , Baumann Sasha , Dossou Jean‐Paul , Calvert Clara , Goufodji Sourou , Mehrtash Hedieh , Tuncalp Özge , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Compaoré Rachidatou , Filippi Véronique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite evidence of acute and long‐term consequences of suboptimal experiences of care, standardized measurements across countries remain limited, particularly for postabortion care. We aimed to determine the proportion of women reporting negative experiences of care for abortion complications, identify risk factors, and assess the potential association with complication severity.MethodsData were sourced from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion for women who received facility‐based care for abortion complications in 11 African countries. We measured women's experiences of care with eight questions from an audio computer‐assisted self‐interview related to respect, communication, and support. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used for analysis.ResultsThere were 2918 women in the study sample and 1821 (62%) reported at least one negative experience of postabortion care. Participants who were aged under 30 years, single, of low socioeconomic status, and economically dependent had higher odds of negative experiences. Living in West or Central Africa, rather than East Africa, was also associated with reportedly worse care. The influence of complication severity on experience of care appeared significant, such that women with moderate and severe complications had 12% and 40% higher odds of reporting negative experiences, respectively.ConclusionThere were widespread reports of negative experiences of care among women receiving treatment for abortion complications in health facilities. Our findings contribute to the scant understanding of the risk factors for negative experiences of postabortion care and highlight the need to address harmful provider biases and behaviors, alleviate health system constraints, and empower women in demanding better care.
STAT3 Hyperactivation Due to SOCS3 Deletion in Murine Osteocytes Accentuates Responses to Exercise- and Load-Induced Bone Formation
Authors: McGregor Narelle E , Walker Emma C , Chan Audrey SM , Poulton Ingrid J , Cho Ellie H-J , Windahl Sara H , Sims Natalie A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Cortical bone develops and changes in response to mechanical load, which is sensed by bone-embedded osteocytes. The bone formation response to load depends on STAT3 intracellular signals, which are upregulated after loading and are subject to negative feedback from Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (Socs3). Mice with Dmp1Cre-targeted knockout of Socs3 have elevated STAT3 signaling in osteocytes and display delayed cortical bone maturation characterized by impaired accrual of high-density lamellar bone. This study aimed to determine whether these mice exhibit an altered response to mechanical load. The approach used was to test both treadmill running and tibial compression in female Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice. Treadmill running for 5 days per week from 6 to 11 weeks of age did not change cortical bone mass in control mice, but further delayed cortical bone maturation in Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice; accrual of high-density bone was suppressed, and cortical thickness was less than in genetically-matched sedentary controls. When strain-matched anabolic tibial loading was tested, both control and Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice exhibited a significantly greater cortical thickness and periosteal perimeter in loaded tibia compared with the contralateral non-loaded bone. At the site of greatest compressive strain, the loaded Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f tibias showed a significantly greater response than controls, indicated by a greater increase in cortical thickness. This was due to a greater bone formation response on both periosteal and endocortical surfaces, including formation of abundant woven bone on the periosteum. This suggests a greater sensitivity to mechanical load in Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f bone. In summary, mice with targeted SOCS3 deletion and immature cortical bone have an exaggerated response to both physiological and experimental mechanical loads. We conclude that there is an optimal level of osteocytic response to mechanical load required for cortical bone maturation and that load-induced bone formation may be increased by augmenting STAT3 signaling within osteocytes. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Hedgehog Signaling Controls Bone Homeostasis by Regulating Osteogenic/Adipogenic Fate of Skeletal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Fu Xuejie , Ni Li , Liu Cunchang , Zheng Yixin , You Hongji , Li Meng , Xiu Chunmei , Zhang Lei , Gong Tingting , Luo Na , Zhang Zunyi , He Guangxu , Hu Shijun , Yang Huilin , Chen Di , Chen Jianquan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) can differentiate into osteogenic or adipogenic lineage. The mechanism governing lineage allocation of SSPCs is still not completely understood. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an essential role in specifying osteogenic fate of mesenchymal progenitors during embryogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether Hh signaling is required for lineage allocation of SSPCs in postnatal skeleton, and whether its dysregulation is related to age-related osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that Hh signaling was activated in metaphyseal SSPCs during osteogenic differentiation in the adult skeleton, and its activity decreased with aging. Inactivation of Hh signaling by genetic ablation of Smo, a key molecule in Hh signaling, in Osx-Cre–targeted SSPCs and hypertrophic chondrocytes led to decreased bone formation and increased bone marrow adiposity, two key pathological features of age-related osteoporosis. Moreover, we found that the bone-fat imbalance phenotype caused by Smo deletion mainly resulted from aberrant allocation of SSPCs toward adipogenic lineage at the expense of osteogenic differentiation, but not due to accelerated transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into adipocytes. Mechanistically, we found that Hh signaling regulated osteoblast versus adipocyte fate of SSPCs partly through upregulating Wnt signaling. Thus, our results indicate that Hh signaling regulates bone homeostasis and age-related osteoporosis by acting as a critical switch of cell fate decisions of Osx-Cre–targeted SSPCs in mice and suggest that Hh signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
An Expert Perspective on Phosphate Dysregulation With a Focus on Chronic Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Aljuraibah Fahad , Bacchetta Justine , Brandi Maria Luisa , Florenzano Pablo , Javaid Muhammad K , Mäkitie Outimaija , Raimann Adalbert , Rodriguez Mariano , Siggelkow Heide , Tiosano Dov , Vervloet Marc , Wagner Carsten A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Because of their rarity, diseases characterized by chronic hypophosphatemia can be underrecognized and suboptimally managed, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, serum phosphate may not be measured routinely in primary care practice. Authors participated in several working sessions to advance the understanding of phosphate homeostasis and the causes, consequences, and clinical implications of chronic hypophosphatemia. Phosphate levels are regulated from birth to adulthood. Dysregulation of phosphate homeostasis can result in hypophosphatemia, which becomes chronic if phosphate levels cannot be normalized. Chronic hypophosphatemia may be underrecognized as serum phosphate measurement is not always part of routine analysis in the primary care setting and results might be misinterpreted, for instance, due to age-specific differences not being accounted for and circadian variations. Clinical consequences of chronic hypophosphatemia involve disordered endocrine regulation, affect multiple organ systems, and vary depending on patient age and the underlying disorder. Signs and symptoms of chronic hypophosphatemic diseases that manifest during childhood or adolescence persist into adulthood if the disease is inadequately managed, resulting in an accumulation of clinical deficits and a progressive, debilitating impact on quality of life. Early identification and diagnosis of patients with chronic hypophosphatemia is crucial, and clinical management should be started as soon as possible to maximize the likelihood of improving health outcomes. Furthermore, in the absence of a universally accepted description for “chronic hypophosphatemia,” a definition is proposed here that aims to raise awareness of these diseases, facilitate diagnosis, and guide optimal phosphate management strategies by improving monitoring and assessment of patient response to treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).