bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphase Powerful Outflows Detected in High-z Quasars
Authors: Chartas G. , Cappi M. , Vignali C. , Dadina M. , James V. , Lanzuisi G. , Giustini M. , Gaspari M. , Strickland S. , Bertola E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present results from a comprehensive study of ultrafast outflows (UFOs) detected in a sample of 14 quasars, 12 of which are gravitationally lensed, in a redshift range of 1.41–3.91, near the peak of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and star formation activity. New XMM-Newton observations are presented for six of them, which were selected to be lensed and contain a narrow absorption line (NAL) in their UV spectra. Another lensed quasar was added to the sample, albeit already studied because it was not searched for UFOs. The remaining seven quasars of our sample are known to contain UFOs. The main goals of our study are to infer the outflow properties of high-z quasars, constrain their outflow induced feedback, study the relationship between the outflow properties and the properties of the ionizing source, and compare these results to those of nearby AGN. Our study adds six new detections (> 99% confidence) of UFOs at z > 1.4, almost doubling the current number of cases. Based on our survey of six quasars selected to contain a NAL and observed with XMM-Newton, the coexistence of intrinsic UV NALs and UFOs is found to be significant in >83% of these quasars suggesting a link between multiphase AGN feedback properties of the meso- and microscale. The kinematic luminosities of the UFOs of our high-z sample are large compared to their bolometric luminosities (median of L
K/L
Bol ≳ 50%). This suggests they provide efficient feedback to influence the evolution of their host galaxies and that magnetic driving may be a significant contributor to their acceleration.
Reverberation Mapping of Two Luminous Quasars: The Broad-line Region Structure and Black Hole Mass
Authors: Li Sha-Sha , Yang Sen , Yang Zi-Xu , Chen Yong-Jie , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Liu He-Zhen , Du Pu , Luo Bin , Yu Zhe , Hu Chen , Jiang Bo-Wei , Bao Dong-Wei , Guo Wei-Jian , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Li Yan-Rong , Xiao Ming , Lu Kai-Xing , Ho Luis C. , Bai Jin-Ming , Bian Wei-Hao , Aceituno Jesús , Minezaki Takeo , Horne Keith , Kokubo Mitsuru , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report the results of a multiyear spectroscopic and photometric monitoring campaign of two luminous quasars, PG 0923+201 and PG 1001+291, both located at the high-luminosity end of the broad-line region (BLR) size–luminosity relation with optical luminosities above 1045 erg s−1. PG 0923+201 is monitored for the first time, while PG 1001+291 was previously monitored but our campaign has a much longer temporal baseline. We detect time lags of variations of the broad Hβ, Hγ, and Fe ii lines with respect to those of the 5100 Å continuum. The velocity-resolved delay map of Hβ in PG 0923+201 indicates a complicated structure with a mix of Keplerian disk-like motion and outflow, and the map of Hβ in PG 1001+291 shows a signature of Keplerian disk-like motion. Assuming a virial factor of f
BLR = 1 and FWHM line widths, we measure the black hole mass to be

118

−
16

+
11

×

10

7

M

⊙

for PG 0923+201 and

3.33

−
0.54

+
0.62

×

10

7

M

⊙

for PG 1001+291. Their respective accretion rates are estimated to be

0.21

−
0.07

+
0.06

×

L

Edd

c

−
2

and

679

−
227

+
259

×

L

Edd

c

−
2

, indicating that PG 0923+201 is a sub-Eddington accretor and PG 1001+291 is a super-Eddington accretor. While the Hβ time lag of PG 0923+201 agrees with the size–luminosity relation, the time lag of PG 1001+291 shows a significant deviation, confirming that in high-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the BLR size depends on both luminosity and Eddington ratio. Black hole mass estimates from single-AGN spectra will be overestimated at high luminosities and redshifts if this effect is not taken into account.
Estimating Magnetic Filling Factors from Simultaneous Spectroscopy and Photometry: Disentangling Spots, Plage, and Network
Authors: Milbourne T. W. , Phillips D. F. , Langellier N. , Mortier A. , Haywood R. D. , Saar S. H. , Cegla H. M. , Collier Cameron A. , Dumusque X. , Latham D. W. , Malavolta L. , Maldonado J. , Thompson S. , Vanderburg A. , Watson C. A. , Buchhave L. A. , Cecconi M. , Cosentino R. , Ghedina A. , Gonzalez M. , Lodi M. , López-Morales M. , Sozzetti A. , Walsworth R. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
State-of-the-art radial velocity (RV) exoplanet searches are limited by the effects of stellar magnetic activity. Magnetically active spots, plage, and network regions each have different impacts on the observed spectral lines and therefore on the apparent stellar RV. Differentiating the relative coverage, or filling factors, of these active regions is thus necessary to differentiate between activity-driven RV signatures and Doppler shifts due to planetary orbits. In this work, we develop a technique to estimate feature-specific magnetic filling factors on stellar targets using only spectroscopic and photometric observations. We demonstrate linear and neural network implementations of our technique using observations from the solar telescope at HARPS-N, the HK Project at the Mt. Wilson Observatory, and the Total Irradiance Monitor onboard SORCE. We then compare the results of each technique to direct observations by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Both implementations yield filling factor estimates that are highly correlated with the observed values. Modeling the solar RVs using these filling factors reproduces the expected contributions of the suppression of convective blueshift and rotational imbalance due to brightness inhomogeneities. Both implementations of this technique reduce the overall activity-driven rms RVs from 1.64 to 1.02 m s−1, corresponding to a 1.28 m s−1 reduction in the rms variation. The technique provides an additional 0.41 m s−1 reduction in the rms variation compared to traditional activity indicators.
Short-term Spectroscopic Variability of the Early Post-AGB Stage Star IRAS 22272+5435
Authors: Začs Laimons , Puķı̄tis Kārlis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-resolution spectra gathered during an extensive monitoring of IRAS 22272+5435 are inspected to search for spectroscopic variability in the time span of less than 2 weeks. Significant variation are found both in the intensity and position of CN(1, 0) red system lines near the light maximum, when the star is the hottest. The intensity of variable CN lines correlates with their Doppler redshift—an increase in the radial velocity leads to a decrease of its equivalent width. The inward flow of increasing velocity from ≃14.4–21.6 km s−1 was confirmed in the atmosphere, propagating ∼25 R
☉ toward the mass center of the star in 11 days. The variability of CN(1, 0) lines are accompanied by changes in the red wings of strong low-excitation lines. The observed short-term variations are attributed to large-scale convective flows and shock waves in the extended atmosphere of a cool pulsating post-AGB star.
An Arecibo Search for Fast Radio Transients from M87
Authors: Suresh Akshay , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Crawford Fronefield 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The possible origin of millisecond bursts from the giant elliptical galaxy M87 has been scrutinized since the earliest searches for extragalactic fast radio transients undertaken in the late 1970s. Motivated by rapid technological advancements in recent years, we conducted ≃10 hr of L-band (1.15–1.75 GHz) observations of the core of M87 with the Arecibo radio telescope in 2019. Adopting a matched filtering approach, we searched our data for single pulses using trial dispersion measures up to 5500 pc cm−3 and burst durations between 0.3–123 ms. We find no evidence of astrophysical bursts in our data above a 7σ detection threshold. Our observations thus constrain the burst rate from M87 to ≲ 0.1 bursts hr−1 above 1.4 Jy ms, the most stringent upper limit obtained to date. Our nondetection of radio bursts is consistent with expectations of giant pulse emission from a Crab-like young neutron star population in M87. However, the dense, strongly magnetized interstellar medium surrounding the central ∼109
M
⊙ supermassive black hole of M87 may potentially harbor magnetars that can emit detectable radio bursts during their flaring states.
Investigating Toroidal Flows in the Sun Using Normal-mode Coupling
Authors: Mani Prasad , Hanasoge Shravan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Helioseismic observations have provided valuable data sets with which to pursue the detailed investigation of solar interior dynamics. Among various methods to analyze these data, normal-mode coupling has proven to be a powerful tool, used to study Rossby waves, differential rotation, meridional circulation, and nonaxisymmetric multiscale subsurface flows. Here, we invert mode-coupling measurements from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager and the Michelson Doppler Imager to obtain mass-conserving toroidal convective flow as a function of depth, spatial wavenumber, and temporal frequency. To ensure that the estimates of velocity magnitudes are proper, we also evaluate correlated realization noise, caused by the limited visibility of the Sun. We benchmark the near-surface inversions against results from local correlation tracking. The convective power likely assumes greater latitudinal isotropy with a decrease in spatial scale of the flow. We note the absence of a peak in toroidal-flow power at supergranular scales, in line with observations that show that supergranulation is dominantly poloidal in nature.
Optical Transients from Fast Radio Bursts Heating Companion Stars in Close Binary Systems
Authors: Yang Yuan-Pei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright radio transients with short durations and extremely high brightness temperatures, and their physical origins are still unknown. Recently, a repeating source, FRB 20200120E, was found in a globular cluster in the very nearby M81 galaxy. The associated globular cluster has an age of ∼9.13 Gyr, and hosts an old population of stars. In this work, we consider that an FRB source is in a close binary system with a low-mass main-sequence star as its companion. Due to the large burst energy of the FRB, when the companion star stops the FRB, its surface would be heated by the radiation-induced shock, and make reemission. For a binary system with a solar-like companion star and an orbital period of a few days, we find that the reemission is mainly at an optical band, with delays of a few seconds after the FRB. Its luminosity is several times larger than the solar luminosity, and the duration is about hundreds of seconds. Such a transient might be observable in a future multiwavelength follow-up observation for Galactic FRB sources.
Contrôle de gestion « as a system » ou « as a package » : étude comparée des entreprises du Cameroun, de Djibouti et du Sénégal
Authors: Osman Moussa Awaleh , Choukem Claire , Bampoky Boniface 
Published: October 2021

Cet article présente une étude qualitative réalisée dans trois pays d’Afrique francophone : Le Cameroun, Djibouti, et le Sénégal. Son objectif est de vérifier que le contrôle de gestion des entreprises de ces trois pays repose sur une démarche formelle en cohérence avec les outils et les pratiques managériales (gestion des ressources humaines, communication, etc.) : en d’autres termes ces derniers orientent-ils ensemble le comportement des salariés (contrôle de gestion « as a system ») ou forment-ils un assemblage plus ou moins cohérent avec d’autres pratiques formelles ou informelles (contrôle de gestion « as a package »). Des entretiens ont été menés auprès de quatre-vingt-huit - 88 - entreprises. Notamment l’étude révèle que la structure de propriété est un facteur déterminant les pratiques de contrôle de gestion au sein des entreprises.
Comment la didactique des mathématiques peut-elle informer l’étude de la cognition numérique ? L’exemple d’une étude collaborative autour de la pédagogie Montessori à l’école maternelle
Authors: Gardes Marie-Line , Croset Marie-Caroline , Courtier Philippine , Prado Jérôme 
Published: October 2021

Les études sur l’apprentissage des mathématiques ont tout à gagner de regards croisés et pluridisciplinaires, notamment entre les sciences cognitives et les sciences de l’éducation. Plus particulièrement, la didactique des mathématiques semble pertinente pour apporter des informations complémentaires à l’étude de la cognition numérique. Dans cet article, nous présentons les points de convergences et les spécificités de chacun de ces domaines scientifiques puis nous illustrons les apports d’une approche pluridisciplinaire en discutant d’une étude que nous avons récemment menée sur l’apprentissage des mathématiques au sein de la pédagogie Montessori à l’école maternelle. Nous montrons en quoi le regard didactique a permis de concevoir une méthodologie de recherche à la fois quantitative et qualitative, de questionner et élaborer des outils de mesure et d’interpréter les résultats obtenus.
Does gender role influence the pattern of internet and computer use among physiotherapy undergraduates?
Authors: Jayalath L. , Samaranayake D. 
Published: October 2021

Gender roles affect some components of life and whether this difference persist in using advanced technologies such as computers and internet is unclear. Aim of this study was to compare the computer and internet using patterns among male and female physiotherapy undergraduates. Methods: Out of the registered physiotherapy undergraduates, 92 participated in the study with a response rate of 80%. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from students in first to final academic years. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of participants, 37% (n=34) were males and age ranged from 19 to 26 years. Majority of 95.7% (n=88) participants owns a computer and 64.1% (n=59) mainly use it for entertainment. Females tend to seek more formal learning computer classes compared to males. Majority of study participants spend more than 8 hours per week to go online and values were 29.4% (n=10) for males and 25.9% (n=15) for females. Conclusion: A significant relationship was seen between gender and formal learning classes for computers. Usage time and purposes did not show any difference among genders. Internet was used mainly for entertainment and secondly for social communication in both genders.
The Trypanosome-Derived Metabolite Indole-3-Pyruvate Inhibits Prostaglandin Production in Macrophages by Targeting COX2
Authors: Diskin Ciana , Corcoran Sarah E , Tyrrell Victoria J , McGettrick Anne F , Zaslona Zbigniew , O’Donnell Valerie B , Nolan Derek P , O’Neill Luke A J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease human African trypanosomiasis, otherwise known as sleeping sickness. Trypanosomes have evolved many immune-evasion mechanisms to facilitate their own survival, as well as prolonging host survival to ensure completion of the parasitic life cycle. A key feature of the bloodstream form of T. brucei is the secretion of aromatic keto acids, which are metabolized from tryptophan. In this study, we describe an immunomodulatory role for one of these keto acids, indole-3-pyruvate (I3P). We demonstrate that I3P inhibits the production of PGs in activated macrophages. We also show that, despite the reduction in downstream PGs, I3P augments the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX2). This increase in COX2 expression is mediated in part via inhibition of PGs relieving a negative-feedback loop on COX2. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor also participates in this effect. However, the increase in COX2 expression is of little functionality, as we also provide evidence to suggest that I3P targets COX activity. This study therefore details an evasion strategy by which a trypanosome-secreted metabolite potently inhibits macrophage-derived PGs, which might promote host and trypanosome survival.
Perceptions and Practices of Health Care Professionals Regarding Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ali Khawla F. , Buzaid Najat , Basher Momna , Bisheya Tawfeek A. , Hafidh Khadija A. , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims:
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are among the frontlines of the battle against the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adequate knowledge of prevention and treatment practices, alongside a positive and forward attitude, are all essential for the success of the defense against COVID-19. We aimed to scope the knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCPs toward the COVID-19 pandemic at its peak time from 2 developing regions: the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Materials and Methods:
We utilized an online, electronic survey consisting of a multiple-choice questionnaire including three domains: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices, targeting a convenience sample of HCPs from the MENA region.

Results:
Three hundred and seventy-four respondents were included in the analysis; 68.7% resided and practiced in the Middle East, while 31.3% were from North Africa. The majority (71.2%) had postgraduate degrees and were either hospital or non-hospital doctors. Regarding basic knowledge, the majority recognized the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and that there was no effective antiviral treatment at the time. The majority also recognized the role of supportive measures, social distancing, isolation, and treating those infected as effective ways to reduce the spread of the virus. In addition, respondents reported that through a general curfew, social distancing was either very effective (65.8%) or effective (31.9%). Respondents were mainly worried about the health of their family members, the risk of contracting the coronavirus, and the economic situation of their family. Two-thirds considered the government's reaction to the current pandemic appropriate, while about one-fifth (21.2%) reported it somewhat insufficient. However, high levels of confidence were reported in countries' abilities to control the pandemic successfully. Regarding practices, 18.5% reported having been too crowded recently, and 16.5% admitted having not worn a mask when leaving the house. Preventative measures varied widely; the best was reported for washing hands more frequently than before (80.3%), while the worst was for the likelihood of informing people around an individual if he/she developed symptoms of sickness (56.1%).

Conclusions:
HCPs exhibited a reasonably high level of basic knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in its early months. Despite a reportedly positive attitude toward the preventative measures, these were not matched by equally strict individual behaviors.
Analysis on discard of blood and blood components in a tertiary care center
Authors: Dhote Shweta Wasudeo , Srivastava Abhiniti Rahul , Singh Iqbal 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
In contemporary medicine management, it is evident that transfusion of blood and blood components has become an integral part of the patient. Human blood has no complete substitute to date. Blood is a perishable product and hence proper management of blood inventory is very crucial. Blood being a perishable commodity, efficient management of inventories is pivotal. The challenge that blood centers are facing is to keep sufficient stock to ensure an adequate supply of blood while minimizing losses.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study is designed to analyze various causes of discard of blood and blood components.

Settings and Design:
This is an analytical and retrospective type of study, carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, from January 2019 to December 2019.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from blood bank records and confirmed from the master register. Data were then tabulated and analyzed. Statistical analysis used is as follows: Microsoft Excel database sheet was used for analyzing the results for the calculation of percentage and the χ2 test was used.

Results:
A total of 5,753 units were collected during the study period. A total of 13,913 components were prepared. Out of which, packed red cells (PRCs) were 5691, fresh frozen plasmas (FFPs) 5592, platelet concentrate (PC) 2531, and cryoprecipitate 99. The average discard rate for PRC, FFP, PC, and cryoprecipitate was 4.95%, 2.46%, 19.12%, and 3.03%, respectively. The most common reason for PRC and platelets discard was expiry followed by positivity for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), whereas discard of FFPs was due to breakage in the case.

Conclusion:
The most common reason for the discard of PRCs and platelets in our study was expiry and positivity for TTI, whereas FFPs were mostly discarded due to breakage/leakage.
To compare the efficacy of oral terbinafine alone against the combination of oral terbinafine and intense pulsed light (IPL) in difficult to treat tinea patients
Authors: Pawar Suraj , Deshmukh Ashish R. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Dermatophytosis is a major health problem in developing countries, with their increase in resistance patterns toward various antifungals being the main reason for concern.

Aim:
To compare the efficacy of oral terbinafine alone against the combination of oral terbinafine and intense pulsed light (IPL) in difficult-to-treat patients with tinea.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A was given oral terbinafine  mg twice a day for two months. Group B was given oral terbinafine  mg twice a day and IPL once every 15 days for a total of two months. Patients were assessed every 15 days till two months and every one month for three months after the completion of treatment for any recurrences.

Results:
Among group A, out of 40 patients, 32 patients showed complete cure while only 8 showed a partial cure. Among group B, out of 40 patients, 28 patients showed complete cure while 12 showed a partial cure. Recurrence among group A was 9 patients at the end of 5 months while it was 11 in group B.

Conclusion:
Even though there is no statistically significant difference between the cure rate of both the groups, terbinafine alone is found to be superior clinically.
Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Oiwoh Sebastine Oseghae , Akinboro Adeolu Oladayo , Olasode Olayinka Abimbola , Onayemi Emmanuel Olaniyi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, pattern, and severity that have not been documented extensively in Nigeria and Africa. This study aimed to document AGA's prevalence and clinical characteristics among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study of 260 consenting adults with AGA and 260 age- and sex-matched controls through a multistage sampling method. The survey for AGA was done using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20.

Results:
The overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%, with a gender prevalence of 24.88% and 5.06% for men and women, respectively. The mean age of AGA was 51.32 ± 16.31 years, with a range of 24–90 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1. The prevalence of premature AGA was 0.38%. Grade II vertex (13.8%) and VI (10.4%) were the most frequent male androgenetic alopecia severity grades, while grade IVa was the least common. Ludwig I was the most frequent female androgenetic alopecia severity grade (7.7%), followed by Ludwig II (6.9%) and III (2.3%). The mixed type of baldness was the most common (73.6%) phenotype, followed by frontal (20.8%), and vertex (4.2%) in men.

Conclusion:
Overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%. The prevalence varies with location, age and gender with paternal family history as a significant risk factor. The mixed type of baldness is the most common phenotype.