bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical characterization and energy contents of novel corn ethanol co-product streams, with and without inclusion of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend, for growing pigs
Authors: Boucher Melanie , Zhu Cuilan , Holt Sheena , Huber Lee-Anne 
Published: May 2021

The physiochemical properties and digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents in high-protein dried distillers’ grain (HiPro) were determined to assess the nutritive value for growing pigs. Twelve Yorkshire × Landrace barrows (initial body weight 25 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a partially replicated Latin square design over three periods (n = 7 or 8) and assigned to one of five experimental diets. In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 d, followed by 5 d of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The experimental diets included a corn- and soybean-meal-based diet (CON) or diets containing dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) or HiPro to partially replace corn and soybean meal, without or with (i.e., DDGS+ and Hipro+) a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend (0.05% inclusion). The HiPro ingredient contained half as much starch (2.6% vs. 5.2%; DM-basis), 20% more protein (32.5% vs. 27.1%), and had 14% greater water binding capacity versus DDGS. The digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents of the HiPro co-product were greater than DDGS for growing pigs (P < 0.05), but fibre-degrading enzymes were ineffective at improving energy values. The greater (available) energy and protein contents of HiPro make it a promising feed ingredient for inclusion in swine diets.
Can f(R) gravity relieve $$H_0$$ and $$\sigma _8$$ tensions?
Authors: Wang Deng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate whetherf(R) gravity can relieve current$$H_0$$H0and$$\sigma _8$$σ8tensions, we constrain the Hu-Sawickif(R) gravity with Planck-2018 cosmic microwave background and redshift space distortions observations. We find that this model fails to relieve both$$H_0$$H0and$$\sigma _8$$σ8tensions, and that its two typical parameters$$\log _{10}f_{R0}$$log10fR0andnare insensitive to other cosmological parameters. Combining the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, Type Ia supernovae, cosmic chronometers with redshift space distortions observations, we give our best constraint$$\log _{10}f_{R0}<-6.75$$log10fR0<-6.75at the$$2\sigma $$2σconfidence level.
An interacting molecular cloud scenario for production of gamma-rays and neutrinos from MAGIC J1835-069, and MAGIC J1837-073
Authors: Banik Prabir , Bhadra Arunava 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently the MAGIC telescope observed three TeV gamma-ray extended sources in the galactic plane in the neighborhood of radio SNR G24.7+0.6. Among them, the PWN HESS J1837-069 was detected earlier by the HESS observatory during its first galactic plane survey. The other two sources, MAGIC J1835-069 and MAGIC J1837-073 are detected for the first time at such high energies. Here we shall show that the observed gamma-rays from the SNR G24.7+0.6 and the HESS J1837-069 can be explained in terms of hadronic interactions of the PWN/SNR accelerated cosmic rays with the ambient matter. We shall further demonstrate that the observed gamma-rays from the MAGIC J1837-073 can be interpreted through hadronic interactions of runaway cosmic-rays from PWN HESS J1837-069 with the molecular cloud at the location of MAGIC J1837-073. No such association has been found between MAGIC J1835-069 and SNR G24.7+0.6 or PWN HESS J1837-069. We have examined the maximum energy attainable by cosmic-ray particles in the SNR G24.7+0.6/ PWN HESS J1837-069 and the possibility of their detection with future gamma-ray telescopes. The study of TeV neutrino emissions from the stated sources suggests that the HESS J1837-069 should be detected by IceCube Gen-2 neutrino telescope in a few years of observation.
Anisotropic compact stars in f(R) gravity
Authors: Nashed G. G. L. , Capozziello S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe derive a new interior solution for stellar compact objects in $$f\mathcal {(R)}$$

f

(
R
)

gravity assuming a differential relation to constrain the Ricci curvature scalar. To this aim, we consider specific forms for the radial component of the metric and the first derivative of $$f\mathcal {(R)}$$

f

(
R
)

. After, the time component of the metric potential and the form of $$f({\mathcal {R}})$$

f
(
R
)

function are derived. From these results, it is possible to obtain the radial and tangential components of pressure and the density. The resulting interior solution represents a physically motivated anisotropic neutron star model. It is possible to match it with a boundary exterior solution. From this matching, the components of metric potentials can be rewritten in terms of a compactness parameter C which has to be $$C=2GM/Rc^2<<0.5$$

C
=
2
G
M
/
R

c
2

<
<
0.5

for physical consistency. Other physical conditions for real stellar objects are taken into account according to the solution. We show that the model accurately bypasses conditions like the finiteness of radial and tangential pressures, and energy density at the center of the star, the positivity of these components through the stellar structure, and the negativity of the gradients. These conditions are satisfied if the energy-conditions hold. Moreover, we study the stability of the model by showing that Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation is at hydrostatic equilibrium. The solution is matched with observational data of millisecond pulsars with a withe dwarf companion and pulsars presenting thermonuclear bursts.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Advanced Neuroimaging for Transient and Minor Neurological Events in the Emergency Department
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Zhang Hui , Rostanski Sara K. , Cheng Natalie T. , Esenwa Charles C. , Haranhalli Neil , Singh Puneet , Labovitz Daniel L. , Lipton Richard B. , Prabhakaran Shyam 
Published: May 2021

Background
Accurate diagnosis of patients with transient or minor neurological events can be challenging. Recent studies suggest that advanced neuroimaging can improve diagnostic accuracy in low‐risk patients with transient or minor neurological symptoms, but a cost‐effective emergency department diagnostic evaluation strategy remains uncertain.

Methods and Results
We constructed a decision‐analytic model to evaluate 2 diagnostic evaluation strategies for patients with low‐risk transient or minor neurological symptoms: (1) obtain advanced neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging brain and magnetic resonance angiography head and neck) on every patient or (2) current emergency department standard‐of‐care clinical evaluation with basic neuroimaging. Main probability variables were: proportion of patients with true ischemic events, strategy specificity and sensitivity, and recurrent stroke rate. Direct healthcare costs were included. We calculated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios, conducted sensitivity analyses, and evaluated various diagnostic test parameters primarily using a 1‐year time horizon. Cost‐effectiveness standards would be met if the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was less than willingness to pay. We defined willingness to pay as $100 000 US dollars per quality‐adjusted life year. Our primary and sensitivity analyses found that the advanced neuroimaging strategy was more cost‐effective than emergency department standard of care. The incremental effectiveness of the advanced neuroimaging strategy was slightly less than the standard‐of‐care strategy, but the standard‐of‐care strategy was more costly. Potentially superior diagnostic approaches to the modeled advanced neuroimaging strategy would have to be >92% specific, >70% sensitive, and cost less than or equal to standard‐of‐care strategy’s cost.

Conclusions
Obtaining advanced neuroimaging on emergency department patient with low‐risk transient or minor neurological symptoms was the more cost‐effective strategy in our model.
Geographic and Demographic Variability in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Dispersion in the United States
Authors: Young Michael N. , Kearing Stephen , Malenka David , Goodney Philip P. , Skinner Jonathan , Iribarne Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed the management of aortic valve stenosis. However, little national data are available characterizing the geographic and demographic dispersion of this disruptive technology relative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Methods and Results

In this US claims‐based study, we analyzed a 100% sample of fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries from 2012 to 2017 and examined national rates of TAVR versus SAVR. Procedure rates were compared across years as a function of age, sex, race, and geography for TAVR and SAVR beneficiaries. There was significant growth in TAVR from 15.4 beneficiaries/100 000 enrollees in 2012 to 90.6 in 2017 (
P
<0.001). SAVR rates declined from 92.8 beneficiaries/100 000 enrollees in 2012 to 63.5 in 2017 (
P
<0.001). The growth of TAVR varied as a function of age (
P
<0.0001). While TAVR was the dominant strategy among beneficiaries ≥85 and 75 to 84 years old, SAVR was more common among beneficiaries 65 to 74 years old. TAVR was also used more frequently than SAVR among women (
P
<0.001). While TAVR increased among all races, it was less commonly used among non‐White beneficiaries (
P
<0.001). Contemporary use of TAVR relative to SAVR varied significantly by geographic location, with a TAVR:SAVR ratio in 2017 of 1.24 in the Midwest and 1.68 in the Northeast (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
In 2017, the number of Medicare beneficiaries receiving TAVR exceeded SAVR for the first time in the United States. There is significant variation, however, in the geographic expansion of TAVR and in patient demographics relative to SAVR.
Diagnostic Impact of Repeated Expert Review & Long‐Term Follow‐Up in Determining Etiology of Idiopathic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Merghani Ahmed , Monkhouse Christopher , Kirkby Claire , Savvatis Konstantinos , Mohiddin Saidi A. , Elliott Perry , O’Mahony Constantinos , Lowe Martin D. , Schilling Richard J. , Lambiase Pier D. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Recognizing the etiology of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has an enormous impact on the management of victims and their immediate families. A significant proportion of SCA survivors with a structurally normal heart are not offered a diagnosis and there is no clear consensus on the type and duration of follow‐up. We aimed to assess the utility of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing diagnosis of cardiac arrest etiology during follow‐up.

Methods and Results
We retrospectively assessed 327 consecutive SCA survivors (mean age 61.9±16.2 years, 80% men) who underwent secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators between May 2015 and November 2018. The initial diagnosis was recorded at the time of admission and follow‐up diagnosis was deduced from subsequent clinic records, investigations, and outcomes of multidisciplinary team meetings. Structural heart disease accounted for 282 (86%) of SCAs. Forty‐five (14%) patients had a structurally normal heart and underwent comprehensive testing and follow‐up (mean duration 93±52 weeks). On initial evaluation, 14/45 (31%) of these received a diagnosis, rising to 29/45 (64%) with serial reviews during follow‐up. Discussion in multidisciplinary team meetings and imaging reassessment accounted for 47% of new diagnoses. No additional diagnoses were made beyond 96 weeks. Nineteen (5.8%) fatalities occurred in the entire cohort, exclusively in patients with structural heart disease.

Conclusions
Systematic comprehensive testing combined with multidisciplinary expert team review of SCA survivors without structural heart disease improves the yield and time to diagnosis compared with previously published studies. This approach has positive implications in the management of SCA survivors and their families.
Correcting Coagulopathy With Fresh Frozen Plasma in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit: How Much Do We Need to Transfuse?
Authors: Hashim Yassar M. , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Rottler Nicholas P. , Ghoulian Joshua , Barmparas Galinos , Ley Eric J. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Thromboelastography (TEG) is an assay that assesses the coagulation status. Patients with prolonged reaction time (R) require fresh frozen plasma (FFP); however, the volume required to correct the R time is unknown. We sought to quantify the volume required to correct the R time and calculate the response ratio in our surgical intensive care unit (SICU) to allow for targeted resuscitation Methods Surgical intensive care unit patients between Aug 2017 and July 2019 with a prolonged initial R time and at least two TEG tests performed within 24 hours were included. The response ratio was defined as the change in the R time divided by the number of FFP units. High responders (response ratio >5 minutes/unit) were compared to low responders (response ratio ≤5 minutes/unit). Results Forty-six patients were included. While the mean response ratio was 5 minutes/unit, there was significant variation among patients. There were 28.0 (60.9%) low responders and 18.0 (39.1%) high responders. Low responders were more likely male (64.0% vs. 33.0%, P = .04), had a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score (42.0 vs. 27.0, P = .03), and a higher mortality rate (54.0% vs. 22.0%, P = .04). Conclusions On average, one unit of FFP corrects the R time by 5 minutes; however, there was significant variation between high and low responders. Male patients with higher APACHE IV score are expected to be low responders with a higher mortality rate. These findings can guide FFP transfusion and provide additional prognostication.
Efficacy of whole-body vibration on balance control, postural stability, and mobility after thermal burn injuries: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdel-Aal Nabil Mahmoud , Allam Nesma M , Eladl Hadaya Mosaad 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate the additive effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training to the traditional physical therapy program (TPTP) on balance control, postural stability, and mobility after thermal burn injuries. Design: A single-blinded, randomized controlled study. Setting: Outpatient physical therapy setting. Participants: Forty participants, 20–45 years old, with deep second-degree thermal burn involving the lower limbs and trunk, with 35%–40% total body service area, were randomly allocated either into the study group or the control group. Intervention: The study group received WBV plus TPTP while the control group received the TPTP only. Interventions were applied three sessions a week for eight weeks. Outcome measures: Anteroposterior stability index (APSI), mediolateral stability index (MLSI), overall stability index (OSI), timed-up and go (TUG), and Berg balance scale (BBS) were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of interventions. Results: There were statistically significant differences in APSI, MLSI, OSI, BBS, and TUG in favor of the WBV group after eight weeks of intervention ( P < 0.001). After eight weeks of intervention, the mean (SD) for APSI, MLSI, OSI, BBS, and TUG scores were 1.87 ± 0.51, 41.36 ± 0.18, 1.95 ± 0.56, 47.2 ± 6.12, and 8.15 ± 1.05 seconds in the WBV group, and 2.41 ± 0.71, 2.21 ± 0.54, 2.68 ± 0.73, 40.65 ± 4.7, and 10.95 ± 2.44 seconds in the control group, respectively. Conclusions: The whole-body vibration training combined with the TPTP was more beneficial in improving APS, MLS, OSI, TUG, and BBS than TPTP alone. It might be considered a useful adjunctive therapy in treating patients with healed wounds with a deep second-degree burn of the trunk and lower limbs.
Radiotherapy in prostate cancer after kidney transplant in 6 cases
Authors: Detti Beatrice , Stocchi Giulia , Mariotti Matteo , Sardaro Angela , Francolini Giulio , Allegra Andrea G. , Roghi Manuele , Maragna Virginia , Teriaca Maria A. , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients who received a kidney transplant (KT) are described in literature as a group with a higher incidence of malignant neoplasms compared to the general population. Cancer development after KT has become a major issue, as a remarkable percentage of patients are diagnosed with cancer. Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is a challenging issue that has been discussed by many authors over the years, but evidence is sparse and often includes conflicting reports. Among the therapeutic options for PCa in these patients, prostate irradiation represents a valuable alternative to surgery or other systemic therapies, as RTRs are often ineligible for these treatments. Objective: To report six cases treated at our institution between 1998 and 2017 and discuss the available literature. Methods: Patients’ characteristics were reported along with biochemical status at diagnosis, type of immunosuppressive treatment, radiation therapy technique, and dose to transplanted kidney. Results: Overall, prostate irradiation was delivered respecting the dose constraints and patients showed good tolerance with no reports of acute or late transplanted kidney injury. Conclusions: Our experience confirms that prostate radiotherapy for RTRs is feasible and effective and represents a valid option that should be considered by the multidisciplinary team.
Exploring the Intersection of Isolated-CNS Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Pediatric Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation With Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids
Authors: Debinski Carly , Goergen Stacy , McLean Catriona , Buckland Michael E. , Kumar Beena , Tiller Georgina , Cole Theresa , Ojaimi Samar , Fahey Michael 
Published: May 2021

CLIPPERS (chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids) is an extremely rare neurologic inflammatory condition. Fewer than 10 pediatric cases have been described. Debate persists as to whether it is a distinct disease or a clinical, radiologic, and histologic phenotype evolving into another disorder. We propose that CLIPPERS may be a clinical manifestation of an underlying state of immune-dysregulation. We describe the case of the youngest known report of CLIPPERS, an 18-month-old infant from Melbourne, Australia. Reviewing the literature for all reported pediatric cases, we identified that robust investigation and whole exome sequencing was underutilized and proposed diagnostic criteria were frequently unmet. Particular focus should be paid to genes known to cause familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), with the CLIPPERS phenotype manifesting as a form of isolated central nervous system (CNS)-HLH in some patients. Curative treatment options such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be appropriate for some patients and should be considered early.
Autophagy and glycolysis independently attenuate silibinin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and Hep3B cells
Authors: Yang J , Sun Y , Xu F , Liu W , Hayashi T , Mizuno K , Hattori S , Fujisaki H , Ikejima T 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The mechanism of cytotoxicity of silibinin on two human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, HepG2 (p53 wild-type) and Hep3B cells (p53 null), is examined in relation with the induction of autophagy and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Materials and Methods: Levels of apoptosis in relation to the levels of autophagy and those of glycolysis-related proteins, glucose transporter 1/4 (Glut1/4) and hexokinase-II (HK2), in HepG2 and Hep3B cells were examined. Results: Silibinin-induced apoptosis was incomplete for HCC cell death in that up-regulated autophagy and/or reduced level of glycolysis, which are induced by silibinin treatment, antagonized silibinin-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyl adenine (3MA) or blocking of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation with Compound C (CC) enhanced silibinin-induced apoptosis. The results confirm that AMPK involved in autophagy as well as in glycolysis remaining with silibinin is responsible for attenuation of silibinin-induced apoptosis. Blocking of AMPK or autophagy contributes to the enhancement of silibinin’s cytotoxicity to HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Conclusion: This study shows that incomplete apoptosis of HCC by silibinin treatment becomes complete by repression of autophagy and/or glycolysis.
Acupuncture stimulation at HT7 as a non-pharmacological therapy for sleep disorder caused by caffeine administration in rats
Authors: Seo Su Yeon , Moon Ji-Young , Kang Suk-Yun , Kwon O Sang , Bang Se Kyun , Choi Kwang-Ho , Ryu Yeonhee 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders and is difficult to completely treat because of the undesirable side effects of hypnotics. The present study was designed to investigate the hypnotic effect of acupuncture stimulation at HT7 on caffeine-induced sleep disorders and locomotor activity in rats. We also evaluated neuronal activity changes in the arousal region of the basal forebrain. Methods: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of caffeine, and then electroencephalogram power spectrum analysis and locomotor activity measurements were performed. Stimulation at HT7 was performed using a mechanical acupuncture instrument (MAI) before caffeine injection, and its effects on caffeine-induced changes in sleep architecture, locomotor activity and c-Fos expression were examined. Results: Caffeine injection (7.5 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in slow-wave sleep and an increase in wake time compared with saline injection. Caffeine injection also increased locomotor activity and c-Fos expression in the medial septum–vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MS-VDB), one of the arousal regions of the basal forebrain. Stimulation at HT7 with the MAI alleviated the caffeine-induced sleep disturbance and the increase in locomotor activity. In addition, MAI treatment at HT7, compared with treatment at a location not corresponding to any traditional acupuncture point, reduced the caffeine-induced increase in c-Fos expression. Conclusion: These results indicate that the hypnotic effect of HT7 acupuncture stimulation on caffeine-induced insomnia was associated with suppression of neuronal activity in the basal forebrain.
Is industrial relations reform the road to recovery in monopsonistic labour markets?
Authors: Peetz David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article considers the national industrial relations policy aspects of the economic recovery agenda in Australia, in the context of the theory of monopsonistic competition, employment and productivity. This framework acknowledges the employer ability to exercise discretion in the setting of wages. The proposed reforms were unlikely to lead to any increase in economic growth through higher labour productivity or employment. Proposed agendas in enterprise bargaining, greenfields agreements and award simplification (as well as union regulation), would principally have reduced labour costs and incomes. In many circumstances, allowing employers to offer lower wages may lead to fewer filled jobs, higher labour turnover and absenteeism and lower employment. The incentive on employers to improve labour productivity may fall. Proposals to more energetically punish wage theft may have had the opposite effects, but these were abandoned by the government despite support from the other parties. In the end, the only part of the reform agenda to pass Parliament concerned changes to the definition and treatment of casual employees, but casual employment grew strongly before the Bill took effect, the crisis the Bill was meant to solve eased before the Bill was passed, and even if successful the changes would have done little to boost labour productivity.