bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction and Physician Empathy at a Hellenic Air Force Health Service
Authors: Naoum Symeon , Konstantinidis Theocharis I , Spinthouri Maria , Mitseas Panagiotis , Sarafis Pavlos 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patient satisfaction and physician empathy are important indicators of health care services quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors related to the health care users’ perception about physician empathy and their satisfaction with the services offered by the Medical Department of a Hellenic Air Force Combat Wing Health Service.

Materials and Methods
One hundred and twenty six individuals who randomly visited the Medical Department from January to February 2019 participated in the survey. The “Measuring the satisfaction of visitors to hospital outpatient clinics” questionnaire by Aletras et al. and the Greek version of the “Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy” questionnaire were used for data collection.

Results
High satisfaction scores were found in relation to the medical staff (mean 20.45, max 25), the examination room (mean 18.23, max 25), the nursing staff/secretarial support (mean 16.93, max 25), and the overall satisfaction (mean 17.15, max 25). The satisfaction score related to the infirmary was low (mean score 8.8, max 25). Physician empathy score was extremely high (mean 21.2, max 25). Statistically significant correlations were detected between physician empathy satisfaction score and the medical staff, nursing staff/secretarial support, and the overall satisfaction scores (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Health care users reported high physician empathy and overall satisfaction scores but low infirmary satisfaction scores. The more positively that patients evaluated physician empathy, the more satisfaction that patients had with other measures.
The Potential Effects of Burn Pit Exposure on the Respiratory Tract: A Systematic Review
Authors: McLean James , Anderson Danielle , Capra Gregory , Riley Charles A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Burn pits (BPs) have been widely used by the U.S. military for waste disposal while in conflicts abroad. Significant adverse health effects are thought to be linked to BPs, but limited data exist examining the impact on the respiratory tract. The purpose of this systematic review is to characterize these effects on both the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT).

Materials and Methods
A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines on articles published from January 1, 2001, through November 2020. PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were queried for studies examining the effect of BPs on the URT and LRT of service members.

Results
A total of 288 articles were identified, with nine meeting inclusion criteria. Eight of the nine articles assessed the LRT, one examined the URT alone, and two examined both the URT and LRT. Outcome measures were heterogeneous across all studies, precluding meta-analysis. Patient-reported LRT diagnoses appeared to increase as exposure to BPs increased. There are very limited data assessing the impact of BP exposure on the URT. No association between BP exposure and objective measures of LRT or URT disease was identified.

Conclusion
Service members deployed to combat zones seem to report a significant increase in respiratory diseases following exposure to BPs, although definitive conclusions are limited by multiple airborne exposures and varied reporting methods. Self-reported LRT diagnoses appear to be more prevalent. There is a paucity of data on the effects of BPs on the URT. Objective measures of disease do not appear to correlate with patient reports. Prospective, long-term, and outcome-based studies are necessary to examine the effects of BPs, and other airborne hazards related to deployment, on the URT and LRT of service members.
Evolution of Earth-like extended exospheres orbiting solar-like stars
Authors: Canet Ada , Gómez de Castro Ana I 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of the Earth’s exosphere revealed the presence of an extended hydrogenic component that could reach distances beyond 40 planetary radii. Detection of similar extended exospheres around Earth-like exoplanets could reveal crucial facts in terms of habitability. The presence of these rarified hydrogen envelopes is extremely dependent on the planetary environment, dominated by the ionizing radiation and plasma winds coming from the host star. Radiation and fast wind particles ionize the uppermost layers of planetary atmospheres, especially for planets orbiting active, young stars. The survival of the produced ions in the exosphere of such planets is subject to the action of the magnetized stellar winds, particularly for unmagnetized bodies. In order to address these star–planet interactions, we have carried out numerical 2.5D ideal MHD simulations using the pluto code to study the dynamical evolution of tenuous, hydrogen-rich, Earth-like extended exospheres for an unmagnetized planet, at different stellar evolutionary stages: from a very young, solar-like star of 0.1 Gyr to a 5.0 Gyr star. For each star–planet configuration, we show that the morphology of extended Earth-like hydrogen exospheres is strongly dependent on the incident stellar winds and the produced ions present in these gaseous envelopes, showing that the ionized component of Earth-like exospheres is quickly swept by the stellar winds of young stars, leading to large bow shock formation for later stellar ages.
Accurate single-cell genotyping utilizing information from the local genome territory
Authors: Tu Kailing , Lu Keying , Zhang Qilin , Huang Wei , Xie Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Single-nucleotide variant (SNV) detection in the genome of single cells is affected by DNA amplification artefacts, including imbalanced alleles and early PCR errors. Existing single-cell genotyper accuracy often depends on the quality and coordination of both the target single-cell and external data, such as heterozygous profiles determined by bulk data. In most single-cell studies, information from different sources is not perfectly matched. High-accuracy SNV detection with a limited single data source remains a challenge. We developed a new variant detection method, SCOUT (Single Cell Genotyper Utilizing Information from Local Genome Territory), the greatest advantage of which is not requiring external data while base calling. By leveraging base count information from the adjacent genomic region, SCOUT classifies all candidate SNVs into homozygous, heterozygous, intermediate and low major allele SNVs according to the highest likelihood score. Compared with other genotypers, SCOUT improves the variant detection performance by 2.0–77.5% in real and simulated single-cell datasets. Furthermore, the running time of SCOUT increases linearly with sequence length; as a result, it shows 400% average acceleration in operating efficiency compared with other methods.
Lessons Learned After 760 Neurointerventions via the Upper Extremity Vasculature: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Sweid Ahmad , Weinberg Joshua H , Khanna Omaditya , Das Somnath , Kim Julie , Curtis Darcy , Hammoud Batoul , El Naamani Kareem , Abbas Rawad , Majmundar Shyam , Sajja Kalyan C , Chalouhi Nohra , Saiegh Fadi Al , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Atallah Elias , Gooch M Reid , Herial Nabeel A , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Romo Victor , Rosenwasser Robert H , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The radial approach has been gaining more widespread use by neurointerventionalists fueled by data from the cardiology literature showing better safety and overall reduced morbidity.

OBJECTIVE
To present our institution's experience with the radial approach for neuroendovascular interventions in 614 consecutive patients who underwent a cumulative of 760 procedures.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed and identified neuroendovascular procedures performed via the upper extremity vasculature access site.

RESULTS
Amongst 760 procedures, 34.2% (260) were therapeutic, and 65.7% (500) were nontherapeutic angiograms. Access sites were 71.5% (544) via a conventional radial artery, 27.8% (211) via a distal radial artery, 0.5% (4) via an ulnar artery, and 0.1% (1) via the brachial artery. Most of the procedures (96.9%) were performed via the right-sided (737), 2.9% (22) via the left-sided, and 0.1% (1) via a bilateral approach. Major access site complications occurred at a rate of 0.9% (7). The rate of transfemoral conversion was 4.7% (36). There was a statistically higher incidence of transfemoral conversion when repeat procedures were performed using the same access site. Also, there was no significant difference between nontherapeutic procedures performed using the right and left radial access, and conventional versus distal radial access. Procedural metrics improved after completion of 14 procedures, indicating a learning curve that should be surpassed by operators to reach optimal outcomes.

CONCLUSION
Radial artery catheterization is a safe and effective means of carrying out a wide range of neuroendovascular procedures associated with excellent clinical outcomes and an overall low rate of periprocedural complications.
A meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children
Authors: Jilcott Pitts Stephanie B , Johnson Nevin S , Wu Qiang , Firnhaber Gina C , Preet Kaur Archana , Obasohan Justice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextNo meta-analyses appeared to have been conducted to examine overall correlations between resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)–assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids.ObjectiveTo review the available literature and quantify the association between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids via a meta-analysis of observational studies.Data SourcesTo identify relevant publications, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in April 2020 for items combining 3 concepts: Raman spectroscopy, skin, and plasma or serum.Data ExtractionCriteria for inclusion were publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1990 and 2020, available in English language, and results reported as a baseline Pearson correlation coefficient. In teams of 2, the researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts of 2212 nonduplicate papers with initial screening yielding 62 papers for full-text review, of which 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion.Data AnalysisA random-effects model in R (version 4.0.0) “meta” package was used to analyze the correlation between RRS-assessed skin and plasma/serum carotenoids. A subgroup analysis was conducted for studies involving adults and children, respectively.ConclusionsThe 15 studies included 1155 individuals: 963 adults and 192 children. One study included children and adults. The random-effects model yielded an overall correlation of 0.68 (95%CI, 0.61–0.74; I2 = 74%; P &lt; 0.01). The results were similar when grouped by adults and children. Among 963 adults, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61–0.75; I2 = 78%; P &lt; 0.01). Among 192 children, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.66 (95%CI, 0.52– 0.77; I2 = 55%; P = 0.06). Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant correlation between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids in a pooled meta-analysis of 15 studies.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (record number 178835)
Vascularized Bone Grafts for Spinal Fusion—Part 2: The Rib
Authors: Reece Edward M , Agrawal Nikhil , Wagner Kathryn M , Davis Matthew J , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Shekher Rohil , Raber Michael R , Winocour Sebastian , Bohl Michael A , Ropper Alexander E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pseudoarthrosis, or failure to achieve bony union, is a well-known complication of spinal fusion operations. Rates range from 5% to 40% and are influenced by both patient and technical factors. Patients who do not achieve complete fusion may experience a return or worsening of their preoperative pain. For patients with complicated pathologies, vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) have been shown to provide better outcomes than nonvascularized bone grafts (N-VBGs).

OBJECTIVE
To enhance an instrumented spinal fusion by the innovative technique presented herein that utilizes a rotated, pedicled VBG from the left eighth rib under the paraspinous musculature into the midlumbar posterolateral gutter.

METHODS
For posterior approaches, the rib can be easily accessed and rotated into the appropriate strut position. The rib is dissected out, identifying and preserving the neurovascular bundle medially. The rib is then tunneled medially and appropriately positioned as the spinal graft, with the curve providing anatomic kyphosis or lordosis, depending on the surgical location. It is then successfully fixated with plates and spinal screws.

RESULTS
In our limited experience to date, vascularized rib grafting procedures augment fusion and reduce operating room time and bleeding compared to free flap procedures. No patients have experienced complications related to these grafts.

CONCLUSION
Pedicled vascularized rib grafts can be utilized to provide the advantages of a vascularized bone flap in complicated pathologies requiring spinal fusion as far as the L2-L3 level, without the morbidity associated with free tissue transfer.
Safety of Early Mobilization in Patients With Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Aljoghaiman Majid , Ellenbogen Yosef , Takroni Radwan , Yang Kaiyun , Farrokhyar Forough , Reddy Kesava 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a common complication in spine surgery. Repairing durotomy is more difficult in the setting of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). Efficacy of postoperative bed rest in case of dural tear in MISS is not clear.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety and efficacy of our protocol of dura closure without changing access, early mobilization, and discharge in cases of intraoperative CSF leak in MISS.

METHODS
A retrospective review from 2006 to 2018 of patients who underwent MISS for degenerative and neoplastic diseases with documented accidental or intentional durotomy was conducted. The primary outcome of interest was readmission rate for repair of persistent CSF leak. Secondary outcomes captured included development of pseudomeningocele, positional headache, and subdural hematoma.

RESULTS
A total of 80 patients were identified out of 527 patients. Of these, intentional durotomy was performed in 28 patients and unintentional durotomy occurred in 52 patients. Mean follow-up period was 80.6 mo. Most of the patients were discharged on postoperative day 0 (within 4 h of surgery) without activity restrictions. A total of 2 (2.5%) patients required readmission and dural repair for continuous CSF leak and 3 patients (3.75%) developed pseudomeningocele. No lumbar drain insertion, meningitis, or subdural hematoma was reported.

CONCLUSION
Early mobilization and discharge in cases of intraoperative CSF leak in MISS appear to be safe and not associated with higher rate of complications than that of reported literature.
Whose Disagreement Matters? Household Belief Dispersion and Stock Trading Volume
Authors: Li Dan , Li Geng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Theoretical models have long recognized the role of investor disagreements in the marketplace, but little evidence is documented regarding how belief dispersion affects trading activities in the broad equity market. Using over three decades of data from a survey of US households, we introduced a novel measure of household macroeconomic belief dispersion and document its positive relationship with market-wide stock trading volume, even after controlling for an array of professional analysts’ belief dispersion. Results are more pronounced for the belief dispersion among households who are more likely to own stocks. Furthermore, we show that the household belief dispersion is priced in the cross-section of stock returns, whereas that among professional analysts is not.
ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRITY AND LEAD-EQUIVALENCE OF SHIELDED GARMENTS USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL X-RAY IMAGES FROM A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER
Authors: Kairn T , Maxwell S K , Trapp J V , Crowe S B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shielded garments are widely recommended for occupational radiation protection in diagnostic and interventional radiology. This study investigated a novel method for efficiently verifying shielded garment integrity while simultaneously acquiring data for lead-equivalence measurements, using two-dimensional topogram images from computed tomography (CT) scanners. This method was tested against more-conventional measurements with superficial and orthovoltage radiotherapy treatment beams, for 12 shielded garments containing 3 different lead-free shielding materials. Despite some energy-dependent results, all shielded garments approximately achieved their specified lead-equivalence for the energy range expected during clinical use for fluoroscopy procedures, except for three shielded skirts that required two layers of material to be overlapped at the front. All lead-equivalence measurements from CT topograms agreed with or conservatively underestimated the kV narrow-beam results. This method is potentially useful for independently assessing the shielding properties of new shielded garments and performing annual checks for damage or degradation of existing shielded garments.
Epidemiology of anaphylaxis
Authors: Tanno Luciana Kase , Demoly Pascal 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
To understand the current global epidemiological data of anaphylaxis and identify potential strategies to improve patients’ care and prevention.

Recent findings
Anaphylaxis mortality and morbidity statistics (MMS) may gain new perspectives with the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 in the forthcoming years. Improving the quality of epidemiological data related to anaphylaxis should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors, leading to better targeting of strategies to protect those patients at risk, and support decision-making to facilitate healthcare planning and implementation of public health measures to prevent anaphylaxis.

Summary
Anaphylaxis is a complex noncommunicable diseases with adverse impact on health-related quality of life of patients and their carriers and a significant proportion of deaths may be preventable. It requires an integrated holistic plan to improve quality of healthcare and gathering accurate and comparable epidemiological data is key. Morbidity related to anaphylaxis seems to be increasing worldwide whereas mortality of anaphylaxis appears to be low and stable, but this still has great challenges in capturing quality anaphylaxis MMS. Improving the quality of epidemiological data related to anaphylaxis should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors, leading to better targeting of strategies to protect those patients at risk. As knowledge derived from populations is key information for more realistic decision-making, the construction of the new section addressed to anaphylaxis in the ICD-11 will allow the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support quality management of patients, and better facilitate healthcare planning to implement public health measures to prevent and reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to these conditions.
A Telemedicine Buprenorphine Clinic to Serve New York City: Initial Evaluation of the NYC Public Hospital System's Initiative to Expand Treatment Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tofighi Babak , McNeely Jennifer , Walzer Dalia , Fansiwala Kush , Demner Adam , Chaudhury Chloe S. , Subudhi Ipsita , Schatz Daniel , Reed Timothy , Krawczyk Noa 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and clinical impact of telemedicine-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone following the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods:
Participants included in this retrospective analysis consisted of adult New York City residents with opioid use disorder eligible for enrollment in the NYC Health+Hospitals Virtual Buprenorphine Clinic between March and May 2020 (n = 78). Follow-up data were comprised of rates of retention in treatment at 2 months, referrals to community treatment, and induction-related events.

Results:
During the initial 9 weeks of clinic operations, the clinic inducted 78 patients on to buprenorphine-naloxone and completed 252 visits. Patient referrals included non-NYC Health + Hospitals (n = 22, 28.2%) and NYC Health + Hospitals healthcare providers (n = 17, 21.8%), homeless shelter staff (n = 13, 16.7%), and the NYC Health + Hospitals jail reentry program in Rikers Island (n = 11, 14.1%). At 8 weeks, 42 patients remained in care (53.8%), 21 were referred to a community treatment program (26.9%), and 15 were lost to follow-up (19.2%). No patients were terminated from care due to disruptive behavior or suspicions of diversion or misuse of Buprenorphine. Adverse clinical outcomes were uncommon and included persistent withdrawal symptoms (n = 8, 4.3%) and one nonfatal opioid overdose (0.5%).

Conclusions:
Telemedicine-based opioid treatment and unobserved home induction on buprenorphine-naloxone offers a safe and feasible approach to expand the reach of opioid use disorder treatment, primary care, and behavioral health for a highly vulnerable urban population during an unprecedented natural disaster.
Reduction in Oregon's Medication Dosing Visits After the SARS-CoV-2 Relaxation of Restrictions on Take-home Medication
Authors: McIlveen John W. , Hoffman Kim , Priest Kelsey C. , Choi Dongseok , Korthuis Phillip Todd , McCarty Dennis 
Published: February 2021

To slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in opioid treatment programs (OTPs), SAMHSA notified State Opioid Treatment Authorities that stable patients could receive up to 27 days of take-homes, less stable patients could receive up to 13 days with fewer take-homes for other patients. An analysis assessed how the relaxed standards affected the number of patient dosing visits and the amount of take-home medications dispensed in Oregon's 20 public, nonprofit, and for-profit OTPs.
OTPs reported the number of patients receiving take homes pre and post federal policy change at 3 time points: pre SARS-CoV-2 (February or first half of March), post 1 SARS-CoV-2 (March, April, or May), and post 2 SARS-CoV-2 (April, May, or June). The patients receiving each quantity of take-homes were counted and means calculated for visits and take-homes per patient per month. A negative binomial mixed-effects regression model assessed change in mean dosing visits per patient.
During the pre SARS-CoV-2 period, OTPs served 7792 patients monthly with 120,513 medication visits and dispensed 44,883 take-home doses. Mean patient visits per month were 15.5 with 5.8 take-homes per patient per month. Following the policy change, medication visits declined 33% and take-home medication increased 97% with 10.4 mean visits per patient and 11.3 mean take-homes per patient. The negative binomial mixed-effects regression model estimated a 54% reduction in mean visits per patient. The policy change had the intended effect. More research is needed to assess unintended consequences associated with increased access to take-home medication.