bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single 3.3-fs Multiple-Plate Compression Light Source in Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Kai , Tamming Ronnie , Hodgkiss Justin , Lu Chih-Hsuan , Yang Shang-Da , Lin Chao-Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal excited state dynamics in various materials. Conventionally, probe pulses are generated via bulk supercontinuum generation or (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers whilst pump pulses are generated separately from (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers. These systems are limited by either their spectral density, stability, spectral range, and/or temporal compressibility. Recently, a new intense broadband light source is being developed, the multi plate compression, which promises to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we analyze the supercontinuum generated by a single multiple-plate compression system to set a benchmark for its use in the ﬁeld of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We have compressed the supercontinuum to 3.3 fs using chirp mirrors alone, making it an excellent candidate for pump-probe experiments requiring high temporal resolution. Furthermore, the single light source can be used to generate both pump and probe pulses due to its high spectral density (>14.5 nJ/nm) between 490 and 890 nm. The intensity has an average shot-to-shot relative standard deviation of 4.6% over 490 to 890 nm, calculated over 2,000 sequential shots. By using only 1,000 shot pairs, a ΔT/T noise level of 2.6 × 10−4 RMS is achieved. Finally, as a proof of concept, the transient absorption spectrum of a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite ﬁlm has been taken, showing great signal to noise with only 1,000 shot pairs. These results show great potential for the employment of this technique in other spectroscopic techniques such as coherent multidimensional spectroscopy.
Endometriosis of the Lung: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yao Jin , Zheng Hong , Nie Hui , Huang Jia-jia , Tan Na , Li Cheng-fang , Dong Xiao-li , Zhang Wen , Wang Jin-jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung endometriosis is an extremely rare gynecological disease. Literature reports suggest that most patients will show generic symptoms such as hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax, which can often result in misdiagnosis. There are case reports of 18 patients with lung endometriosis describing clinical manifestation, imaging changes, treatment and prognosis. To provide further information on this rare disease, we present a case of pulmonary endometriosis and a review of lung endometriosis.Case presentation: We report on a 19-year-old female who was admitted to hospital due to repeated menstrual hemoptysis for 3 months. Computed tomography during menstruation showed patchy high-density shadows sized approximately 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm in the right middle lobe of the lung. Following menstruation, hemoptysis and changes on CT imaging disappeared. Thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy, right lower lung repair, and closed thoracic drainage were performed. Postoperative histopathology confirmed lung endometriosis. There was no recurrence of symptoms after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: We review the literature on factors associated with lung endometriosis, diagnosis, and treatment options. We propose that the diagnosis for lung endometriosis should be made by comprehensively integrating patient reproductive history, clinical and imaging details as well as histopathology. Surgical resection appears to be an effective treatment for lung endometriosis.
COVID-19 ARDS is characterized by a dysregulated host response that differs from cytokine storm and is modified by dexamethasone
Authors: Sarma Aartik , Christenson Stephanie , Mick Eran , Deiss Thomas , DeVoe Catherine , Pisco Angela , Ghale Rajani , Jauregui Alejandra , Byrne Ashley , Moazed Farzad , Spottiswoode Natasha , Sinha Pratik , Zha Beth , Neff Norma , Tan Michelle , Serpa Paula Hayakawa , Ansel K. Mark , Wilson Jennifer , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Seigel Emily , Sirota Marina , DeRisi Joseph , Matthay Michael , Consortium COMET , Hendrickson Carolyn , Kangelaris Kirsten , Krummel Matthew , Woodruff Prescott , Erle David , Calfee Carolyn , Langelier Charles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We performed comparative lower respiratory tract transcriptional profiling of 52 critically ill patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19 or from other etiologies, as well as controls without ARDS. In contrast to a cytokine storm, we observed reduced proinflammatory gene expression in COVID-19 ARDS when compared to ARDS due to other causes. COVID-19 ARDS was characterized by a dysregulated host response with increased PTEN signaling and elevated expression of genes with non-canonical roles in inflammation and immunity that were predicted to be modulated by dexamethasone and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Compared to ARDS due to other types of viral pneumonia, COVID-19 was characterized by impaired interferon-stimulated gene expression (ISG). We found that the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and expression of ISGs was decoupled in patients with COVID-19 ARDS when compared to patients with mild COVID-19. In summary, assessment of host gene expression in the lower airways of patients with COVID-19 ARDS did not demonstrate cytokine storm but instead revealed a unique and dysregulated host response predicted to be modified by dexamethasone.
Identification of the Initial Water-Site and Movement in Gleditsia Sinensis Seeds and Its Relation to Seed Coat Structure
Authors: Mingwei Zhu , Song Dai , Qiuyue Ma , Shuxian Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background : Water uptake is essential for seed germination. However, Gleditsia sinensis seeds have a water-impermeable seed coat, which is beneficial for its adaption to the environment, but prohibits its germination without treatment. This feature may be associated with the structure of the seed coat. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify and describe the initial water uptake site and water movement and to determine the relationship between seed coat structure and water absorption. Results: A water temperature of 80 °C was optimal to break the hardseededness of G. sinensis seeds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the seed coat consisted of a palisade layer and light line that can hinder water entry into the seed. Also, a structure of vascular bundles existed in the 8hilar region. Hot water treatment caused the tightly closed micropyle to open and the cavity beneath it expanded; the layer of palisade cells in the lens was raised. The embryo dye-tracking tests showed that the radicle tip was the initial region to be stained red. After staining for 24 h, the red-stained area on the vascular bundle side of cotyledon was more extensive than that on the other side. Further studies by MRI maps indicated that the micropyle was the initial site for water imbibition. Some water then migrated along the space between the seed coat and the endosperm to the chalazal; simultaneously, the rest of the water reached the embryonic axis and spread into cotyledons. The maps of 20-24 h showed that water was unevenly distributed within the cotyledons in a way that the edge parts were more hydrated than the center. Blocking tests showed that the hilar region was the initial and an important region during seed imbibition. The medial region and chalazal portion were capable of imbibing water when the hilar region was blocked, but water absorption was later and slower than that through the hilar region. Conclusion: MRI technology provides a promising and non-invasive technique to identify the water gap and the path of water movement in the seed. Combined with the results of SEM, we can infer the relation between seed coat and its imbibition.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide/copper-based metal-organic frameworks as a high-performance symmetrical supercapacitor device
Authors: Mohanadas Dharshini , Abdah Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd , Azman Nur Hawa Nabilah , Ravoof Thahira B.S.A. , Sulaiman Yusran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide/copper-based metal-organic framework (PrGO/HKUST-1) has been successfully fabricated by incorporating electrochemically synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) and hydrothermally synthesized copper-based metal-organic framework (HKUST-1). The field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) and elemental mapping analysis revealed an even distribution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and HKUST-1. The crystalline structure and vibration modes of PrGO/HKUST-1 was validated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Raman spectroscopy, respectively. A remarkable specific capacitance (360.5 F/g) was obtained for PrGO/HKUST-1 compared to HKUST-1 (103.1 F/g), PrGO (98.5 F/g) and PEDOT (50.8 F/g) using KCl/PVA as a gel electrolyte. Moreover, PrGO/HKUST-1 composite with the longest charge/discharge time displayed excellent specific energy (21.0 Wh/kg), specific power (479.7 W/kg) and outstanding cycle life (95.5%) over 4000 cycles. Thus, the PrGO/HKUST-1 can be recognized as a promising energy storage material.
An Individual Alginate Lyase is Effective in the Disruption of Laminaria Digitata Recalcitrant Cell Wall
Authors: Costa Mónica , Pio Luís , Bule Pedro , Cardoso Vânia , Alfaia Cristina , Coelho Diogo , Brás Joana , Fontes Carlos , Prates José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present study, 199 pre-selected Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) and sulfatases were assessed, either alone or in combination, to evaluate their capacity to disrupt Laminaria digitata cell wall, with the consequent release of interesting nutritional compounds. An individual alginate lyase, belonging to the family 7 of polysaccharide lyases (PL7), was shown to be the most efficient in the in vitro degradation of L. digitata cell wall. The alginate lyase treatment, compared to the control, released up to 7.11 g/L of reducing sugars (p < 0.001) and 8.59 mmol/100 g dried alga of monosaccharides (p < 0.001), and reduced cell wall fluorescence intensity by 39.1% after staining with Calcofluor White (p = 0.001). The alginate lyase treatment also released beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:1c9 (p < 0.001), and decreased the release of saturated fatty acids (p = 0.001). However, no liberation of proteins (p > 0.170) or pigments (p > 0.070) was observed. Overall, these results show the ability of an individual alginate lyase, from PL7 family, to partially degrade L. digitata cell wall under physiological conditions. Therefore, this CAZyme can potentially improve the bioavailability of L. digitata bioactive compounds for monogastric diets, with further application in feed industry.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Turbulence Modulation by Particles in Swirling Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Lixing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Turbulence modulations by particles of swirling gas-particle two-phase flow the axisymmetric chamber is investigated. To fully consider the preferential concentrations and anisotropic dispersions of particle, a second-order moment model coupling particle-particle collision model was improved based on the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach and the kinetic theory of granular flow. Proposed model, algorithm and in-house codes are validated and they are in good agreement with the experiment. Effects of ultralight expanded graphite and heavy Copper particles with large spans of Stokes number on gas velocity and fluctuations, Reynolds shear stress and tensor invariants, turbulence kinetic energy, and vortices structures are numerically simulated. Results show turbulent modulation exhibits strongly anisotropic characteristics and keeps in close relationship with flow structure. The disturbances of modulations, the alternations of vortex evolution are enforced by heavy-large particle with higher Stokes numbers. Preferential accumulations of light particle at shear stress regions in low vortices are weaker than those of heavy particle. For axial turbulence modulations, heavy particle plays the primary role on inhibition action due to larger inertia and light particle contributes to enhancement effect due to excellent followability.
Developing a Tailored Implementation Action Plan for A Suicide Prevention Clinical Intervention in an Australian Mental Health Service: A Qualitative Study Using the EPIS Framework.
Authors: Zbukvic Isabel , Rheinberger Demee , Rosebrock Hannah , Lim Jaclyn , McGillivray Lauren , Mok Katherine , Stamate Eve , McGill Katie , Shand Fiona , Torok Michelle , Moullin Joanna C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Tailoring implementation strategies to local contexts is a promising approach to supporting implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices in health settings. While there is increasing research on tailored implementation of mental health interventions, implementation research on suicide prevention interventions is limited. This study aimed to evaluate implementation and subsequently develop a tailored action plan to support implementation, sustainment and scale-up of an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention - Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) - in an Australian public mental health service.Methods: This study took place within a larger randomised stepped-wedge design suicide prevention trial. Approximately 150 mental health staff working within a regional and remote community Local Health District in Australia were trained in CAMS. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with frontline staff and clinical leaders were conducted to examine barriers and facilitators to using CAMS. Data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach and mapped to the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) framework. This was followed by stakeholder engagement to design a tailored implementation action plan based on a ‘tailored blueprint’ methodology.Results: A total of 22 barriers to implementing CAMS were identified. Based on the perceived impact on implementation fidelity and the feasibility of addressing identified barriers, six barriers were prioritised for addressing through an implementation plan. These barriers were mapped to evidence-based implementation strategies and, in collaboration with local health district staff, goals and actionable steps for each strategy were generated. This information was combined into a tailored implementation plan to support the sustainable use of CAMS as part of routine care within this mental health service. Conclusions: This study provides an example of a collaborative approach to tailoring strategies for implementation on a large scale. Novel insights were obtained into the challenges of evaluating the implementation process and barriers to implementing an evidence-based suicide prevention treatment approach within a geographically large and varied mental health service in Australia.Trial registration: This study was conducted as part of the LifeSpan suicide prevention trial. Trial registration for LifeSpan in Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ID: ACTRN12617000457347. Prospectively registered on 28 March 2017.
Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in an Eastern Mediterranean Country: Findings based on a 15-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Jalali Soheila , Karbakhsh Mojgan , Momeni Mehdi , Taheri Marzieh , Amini Saeid , Mansourian Marjan , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence concerning impact of long-term exposure to fine Particulate Matter<2.5 mm (PM2.5) on Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVDs) for those people subject to ambient air pollution in developing countries remains quite scant. This study assessed the relationship of 15-year PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular incidence and mortality rate in Isfahan province, Iran. MethodsThe cohort comprised 3081 participants over 35 years old and free of CVDs. They were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling in Isfahan, Iran. PM2.5 exposure for each individual was determined using satellite-based spatiotemporal estimates according to their residential addresses. CVD is defined here as fatal and non-fatal Acute Myocardial Infarctions (AMI) or stroke and sudden cardiac death. The risk of CVD incidence and mortality was calculated based on average PM2.5 exposure within a study period of 15 years using the Cox proportional hazard model upon adjusting individual risk factors. Annual averages of PM2.5 and the follow-up data of each residential area were combined. ResultsMean three-year PM2·5 exposure was 45.28 µg/m3 in the cohort, ranging from 20.01 to 69.80 µg/m3. The median follow-up was 12.3 years for the whole population. It is notable that 105 cardiovascular and 241 all-cause deaths occurred among 393,786 person months (27 and 61 per 100,000 person months, respectively). In well-adjusted models, 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 corresponded to a 4% increase in the incidence rate of CVDs [0.95 CI=1.022, 1.054] (given p=0.0000014 per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the Hazard Ratio (HR) for AMI was 1.073 [0.95 CI=1.029, 1.119] and Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) was 1.052 [0.95 CI=1.034, 1.071]. No consistent association was found between PM2.5 concentration and CVD deaths (fatal AMI, fatal stroke, and SCD (Sudden Cardiac Death)).ConclusionsThe final results revealed that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 with high concentrations correlated with IHD incidence and its major subtypes positively, except for mortality. This finding supports the already found pieces of evidence that PM2.5 contributes to the high susceptibility of people in the eastern Mediterranean region to cardiovascular diseases after 15 years. The outcome accentuates the need for better air quality in many countries.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Common Human Coronaviruses in Korea, 2015-2019
Authors: Choi Youn Young , Kim Ye Kyung , Kim Jeong-Min , Chung Yoon-Seok , Han Myung-Guk , Choi Eun Hwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Compared to influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are relatively understudied due to the mild nature of HCoV infection. Given the lack of local epidemiology data on common HCoVs in Korea, we aimed to describe epidemiological characteristics of common HCoVs. Methods: Respiratory viral test results from more than 67,000 respiratory samples from the two data sources, Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS, N=58,253) and Seoul National University Children’s Hospital (SNUCH, N=9,589) were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. Viral detection was done by the multiplex RT-PCR. Demographics and clinical diagnosis were collected for previously healthy children tested positive for HCoVs in SNUCH. Results: Of the 67,842 samples tested, 1 or more respiratory viruses were detected from 35,459 (52.2%) samples and 2,854 (4.2%) samples were positive for HCoVs (OC43 2.1%, NL63 1.7%, 229E 0.4%). All 3 types were co-circulated during winter months (November to February) with some variation by type. HCoV-OC43 was most prevalent, peaking every winter. HCoV-NL63 circulated with alternate peaks occurring between January-March and November-February. Meanwhile, HCoV-229E had smaller peaks every other winter in 2015/2016 and 2017/2018. From the national surveillance data, HCoV infection was most prevalent among 0 to 1 year old children and older adults aged over 70 years. 18.2% of the HCoV-positive samples were co-detected with other respiratory viruses, with the highest co-detection rate (33.7%) in children 0 to 1 year of age and the lowest co-detection rate (3.6%) in adults ≥70 years old. Upper respiratory tract infection was the most common (60.0%) clinical diagnosis of the 135 previously healthy children. Croup accounted for 17.0% of NL63-positive childrenConclusion: This study described the epidemiological characteristics of 3 types of common HCoVs (OC43, NL63, 229E) in Korea; the highest prevalence of OC43, concurrent circulation during winter, and age difference in HCoV infection and co-detection rate with other respiratory virus. It may be informative to monitor any changes in the epidemiology of common HCoVs as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
Immunological and Inflammatory Indicators of COVID-19 Patients With Returned-positive Nucleic Acid Tests During Hospitalization: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yin , Chen Xiaobei , Zhang Yi , Chen Hongyan , Zhou Quan , Li Dong , Niu Zhili , Yu Huidan , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Haijun , Liu Tingting , Zhang Bicheng , Yu Hui , Wang Xiaochuan , Jiang Yuan , Dou Yalan , Chen Xiaotian , Zhou Xiaoyang , Yan Weili 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 cases with suspected returned-positive SRAS-CoV-2 tests following consecutive negative tests have been reported, but evidence-based explanations for this phenomenon is still lacking. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of returned-positive COVID-19 patients during treatment in comparison with other patients.Methods: From January 20 to April 10, 2020, all COVID-19 inpatient with at least three RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests in Renmin Hospital in Wuhan, China were enrolled. Patients with 2 consecutively negative RT-PCR results followed by a positive result were classified as returned-positive patients, and their characteristics and repeatedly measured laboratory results were compared with the rest of the patients. Linear mixed effects models were performed.Results: A total of 789 COVID-19 patients were included and 22.8% patients returned positive in RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test. No significant differences were found for general characteristics between the returned-positive and the control groups. The trends of inflammatory and immune factors including the third component of complement (C3), C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), IL-4, IL-6, the counts of lymphocyte, CD3+, CD8+, white blood cell and immunoglobulin levels during hospitalization were significantly different between the two groups. During the returned-positive period, C3, PCT, serum IgM, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were significantly higher in the returned-positive patients at certain time points.Conclusions: Returned-positive COVID-19 patients appeared to be more sever at admission, and had periodically higher levels in C3, PCT, serum IgM and two specific antibodies during hospitalization. This suggests that positive return of SARS-COV-2 could not be completely explained by false-negative testing and longer observation of these patients is warranted.