bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotational invariant fractional derivative filters for lung tissue classification
Authors: Doddavarapu V. N. Sukanya , Kande Giri Babu , Rao B. Prabhakar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new and powerful rotation invariant fractional derivative convolution neural network model is proposed for the classification of five categories of interstitial lung diseases. Fractional derivative convolution neural network model employs fractional derivative filters for the texture enhancement of the lung tissue patches instead of the raw image, is given as input directly to the convolution neural network. These FD filters are rotation invariant which solves the problem of rotation invariance of lung tissue patterns caused by pose variations of the patient during CT scanning. Also, the problem of the poor performance of most classifiers such as, support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbours caused by an imbalanced dataset is solved, by oversampling the minority categories emphysema and ground glass patches, and under‐sampling the majority category, micronodules patches. The experimental results are executed on the publicly available interstitial lung disease database which shows the fractional derivative convolution neural network model performs better than the state‐of‐art with average F‐score and accuracy noted as 93.32% and 93.33% respectively.
Spectral clustering based on high‐frequency texture components for face datasets
Authors: Liang Zexiao , Guo Shaozhi , Liu Dakang , Li Jianzhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpectral clustering is one of the most widely used technologies for clustering tasks, which represents data as a weighted graph, and aims to find an appropriate way to cut the graph apart in order to categorize the raw data. The pivotal step of spectral clustering is to find out the accurate information to estimate the relationship of pairwise data, based on which a graph can be constructed. According to the cognition that different faces are distinguished by the edge contour which can be represented by high‐frequency texture components, a novel spectral clustering algorithm via high‐frequency signal of human face, named high‐frequency spectral clustering (HFSC) is proposed. In HFSC, first the local high‐frequency texture components are extracted from samples. Then the relationship of pairwise samples can be estimated with the degree of correlation, which is produced from the image high‐frequency information. The graph will be set up with the correlation information. Subsequently the graph cut will be implemented to achieve the final clustering results. Experimental results show that this algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art clustering methods on several datasets.
Orthogonal waveform separation in multiple‐input and multiple‐output imaging sonar with fractional Fourier filtering
Authors: Yan Lu , Piao Shengchun , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) imaging sonar can achieve high spatial resolution with a minimum number of elements and improve imaging performance. However, the superposed echoes for the multiple transmitted orthogonal waveforms cannot be separated perfectly using conventional matched filtering, which can severely reduce the quality of underwater acoustic images because of cross‐correlation noise. Herein, an orthogonal waveform separation method based on the fractional Fourier filtering to suppress the cross‐correlation noise between received orthogonal waveforms is proposed for the MIMO imaging sonar. First, the superposed echoes for transmitted linear frequency‐coded waveforms are processed using a fractional Fourier transform. Then, time‐varying fractional Fourier filters are used to separate echoes corresponding to different transmitted waveforms. Subsequently, images are obtained by joint transmit‐receive beamforming for the output of matched filtering with weighting. Finally, the results of numerical simulations and a lake experiment demonstrate that the cross‐correlation noise between the received orthogonal waveforms is effectively suppressed. Moreover, the image becomes sharp and its quality is improved with sidelobe levels lower than −40 dB.
Fault diagnosis of power capacitors using a convolutional neural network combined with the chaotic synchronisation method and the empirical mode decomposition method
Authors: Lu Shiue‐Der , Sian Hong‐Wei , Wang Meng‐Hui , Kuo Cheng‐Chien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study combined a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the chaos theory and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method for the attenuation fault recognition of power capacitors. First, it built six capacitor analysis models, including normal capacitors, failed capacitors, and normal capacitors attenuated by 20–80%. Then a power testing machine was used for an applied voltage test of the capacitor. The EMD method was combined with the chaos synchronisation detection method to chart the discharge signals of the voltage and current that was captured by a high frequency oscilloscope into a 3D chaotic error scatter plot, as the fault diagnosis feature image. Finally, the CNN algorithm was used for the capacitor fault detection. The advantages of the proposed method are that big data are compressed to extract meaningful feature images, the operating state of the power capacitor can be detected effectively, and faults can be diagnosed according to the electrical signal change of the power capacitor. The actual measurement results showed that the accuracy of the proposed method was as high as 97% and has a high efficiency of noise rejection ability, which indicates that the method could be applied to other power‐related fields in the future.
Supportive management practice and intrinsic motivation go together in the public service
Authors: Honig Dan 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe intrinsic motivation of an agency’s employees can and does appear to change over time, moving in concert with perceptions of management practice. This suggests there are a range of steps managers can take to foster workforce intrinsic motivation. Nonfinancial elements of job design are strongly associated with intrinsic motivation, suggesting even fiscally constrained agencies can substantially influence employee motivation. Work environments may have an even stronger relationship with employee motivation when tasks are more difficult to monitor. Where intrinsic motivation is important to performance, actions which foster intrinsic motivation may be an underutilized way to improve public-agency performance and contribute to citizen welfare.
Tourism, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Welfare
Authors: Goodall Jane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Jane Goodall – best known for her ground-breaking work on the chimpanzees of Gombe (Tanzania) – has been an influential thinker and writer about wildlife management for many decades. In this short paper, she identifies and summarises some of the critical factors that put wildlife at risk. Quoting from her experience, she illustrates graphically how tourism can either contribute positively to consumer attitudes and conservation efforts or else act as a disruptive, even destructive force.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 9: Tourism, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Welfare’. In: Carr N. and Broom D. M. (eds)
Tourism and animal welfare
, pp. 102-105.

© CAB International 2018
Extraction of the components of effective mobility in thin films
Authors: Zaytseva E G , Naumova O V , Gutakovskii A K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In thin films, we deal with such a physical phenomenon as the coupling-effect. In this study, this effect was used to redistribute charge carriers in silicon-on-insulator thin films to determine the effective mobility near the interface under study. Temperature dependences of mobility were applied to experimental results to extract components of effective mobility related to phonon and interface roughness scattering of the carriers. These components are more suitable to show differences in the interface quality of films than values of effective mobility. The suggested approach can be used for the non-destructive analysis of interface quality in films.
Rosin modified aminated mesoporous silica adsorbed tea tree oil sustained-release system for improve synergistic antibacterial and long-term antibacterial effects
Authors: Qiu Songfa , Gao Fan , Liang Zhijun , Zhong Ximing , Hao Li , Chen Huayao , Zhou Xinhua , Zhou Hongjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tea tree oil, a natural antibacterial compound, cannot be used effectively because of its volatile nature. In this work, a biocompatible carrier was prepared and loaded with tea tree essential oil. The carrier was prepared via the electrostatic or chemical action of aminated mesoporous silica and sodium rosin for achieving a low volatilization rate of tea tree essential oil. A synergistic antibacterial effect was observed between sodium rosin and tea tree essential oil. This method utilized the positive charge of the amino group and the condensation reaction with the carboxyl group to achieve physical and chemical interactions with sodium rosin. Fourier Transform Infrared, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller, Zeta potential, SEM, TEM, and TG were performed to characterize the structure and properties of the samples. Compared to the electrostatic effect, the chemically modified system exhibited a longer sustained release, and the sustained release curve followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas release model. Also, the antibacterial properties of the chemically modified system exhibited better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) respectively, the MIC and MBC for E. coli were 0.3 mg ml−1 and 0.6 mg ml−1 respectively, for S. aureus were 0.15 mg ml−1 and 0.3 mg ml−1 respectively. More strikingly, the sample also demonstrated long-term antibacterial performance. Therefore, this work provides a new way for the delivery of volatile antibacterial drugs to achieve sustained-release and long-lasting antibacterial effects.
Porous and nanowire-structured NiO/AgNWs composite electrodes for significantly-enhanced supercapacitive and electrochromic performances
Authors: Zhang Mingang , Xu Xiangdong , Gu Yu , Cheng Xiaomeng , Hu Junjie , Xiong Ke , Jiang Yadong , Fan Ting , Xu Jimmy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
NiO/AgNWs composite films which specially contain both porous and one-dimensional (1D) nanowire structures are prepared uniformly via a simple chemical bath deposition method. The supercapacitive electrodes constructed by the as-prepared NiO/AgNWs composite films exhibit a high specific capacitance (980 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), much higher than that of the pure NiO films. Particularly, a large optical modulation (84.3% at 550 nm) and short switching times for the coloration and bleaching (5.4 and 6.5 s) are also observed if these NiO/AgNWs films serve as the electrochromic materials. The superior capacitive and electrochromic properties of the NiO/AgNWs composite films are attributed to the large electrochemically effective surface areas and enhanced conductivity induced by the addition of 1D AgNWs, which efficiently shorten the ions/electrons diffusion paths and accelerate the reversible redox reactions. Therefore, the NiO/AgNWs composite films hold a great potential for applications as a novel electrode material in supercapacitive and electrochromic devices.
Study on the microstructure and properties of a phosphor copper ball during its formation process
Authors: Zhang Zhongke , Li Zhao , Zhao Changzhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microcrystalline phosphor copper balls with a diameter of 28 mm were prepared via continuous extrusion upsetting. Optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were used to study the microstructural evolution of phosphor copper balls during the formation process. In addition, the hardness distribution and tensile properties were tested. The results show that fine dynamic recrystallisation grains and twins were formed after continuous extrusion and that the grains were further refined after upsetting. After continuous extrusion upsetting, there were typical 〈111〉, 〈100〉, and 〈110〉 fibre textures, and the proportions of these three textures in the individual samples were different. The change in microhardness was affected by the microstructure. The increase in the hardness value from casting and continuous extrusion upsetting was owing to pronounced grain refinement. The grain sizes from the centre to the edge were similar, and the grain refinement was more uniform. Notably, the grain size of the extruded rod was still fairly uniform from the centre to the edge in the radial direction. It can be concluded that the continuous extrusion-upsetting phosphor copper anode is more conducive to the formation of black film, that is, it is more suitable for electroplating anode material.
High power ultrashort pulse laser processing using a flexible multibeam approach
Authors: Finger Johannes , Hesker Mario 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Laser ablation is used as a machining process for several industrial applications. Especially ultrashort pulse laser sources with pulse durations below 10 ps have gained increasing interest as they enable processing of almost any material with very high precision and negligible thermal load for the processed workpiece. However, these precise processes are comparable slow and the limited productivity is the major drawback of this processing technology. Although ultrafast lasers with more and more average output power are developed, such powers cannot be directly transferred into productive high quality processing results, because thermal load increases and cancels out the advantages of ultrafast laser processing. Approaches like fast scanning technologies or beam splitting allow for the use of high average power in principle but decrease flexibility or process efficiency on the other hand. We report on a approach where a matrix of multiple beams is generated out of one beam and all of these beamlets can be switched on and off individually. This scalable approach enables the processing of arbitrary surface structures with high process quality and efficiency. The system in development will be able to use 1 kW average output power with fs pulse duration to significantly decrease processing times for industrial structuring applications. In this report, the approach is presented and the challenges with respect to the design of the corresponding processing optics are described and discussed. Preliminary results about the solutions for the faced issues are presented.
Microplastic pollution monitoring with holographic classification and deep learning
Authors: Zhu Yanmin , Hang Yeung Chok , Lam Edmund Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The observation and detection of the microplastic pollutants generated by industrial manufacturing require the use of precise optical systems. Digital holography is well suited for this task because of its non-contact and non-invasive detection features and the ability to generate information-rich holograms. However, traditional digital holography usually requires post-processing steps, which is time-consuming and may not achieve the final object detection performance. In this work, we develop a deep learning-based holographic classification method, which computes directly on the raw holographic data to extract quantitative information of the microplastic pollutants so as to classify them according to the extent of the pollution. We further show that our method can generalize to the classification task of other micro-objects through cross-dataset validation. Without bulky optical devices, our system can be further developed into a portable microplastics detection system, with wide applicability in the monitoring of microplastic particle pollution in the ecological environment.
The Cross-Border Protection of Adults
Authors: Frimston Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The cross-border protection of adults is an area of Private International Law, in which theory and practice may very often be in rather different places. In Chapters 2 has set out the broad Private International Law concepts likely to be encountered in adult protection. Chapters 3 describes the history and development from Roman law of internal law relating to the protective regimes that have existed and evolved for adults with an impairment and makes some comparisons.
Finland
Authors: Hellin Markku , van Overdijk Claire 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Finland formed part of Sweden until 1809. In that year Sweden surrendered its eastern part to Tsarist Russia as a consequence of an unsuccessful war in 1808. In relation to Russia, Finland became an autonomous Grand-Duchy. The autonomy covered, among other things, matters in the sphere of general legislation. Accordingly, the Swedish Civil Code of 1734 remained in force in Finland after 1809 until it was slowly and gradually replaced by Finnish legislation. Finland became independent in 1917 during the aftermath of the Russian Revolution.
Denmark
Authors: van Overdijk Claire , Borch Susanne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, consisting of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. There is no single unified judicial system, and only Denmark proper is a member of the European Union. The Danish legal system adheres to the civil law tradition. Legal principles are organized into a number of codes, many of which were created through a collaborative Scandinavian effort.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
Authors: Frimston Richard , Budge John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Under the concept of one country, two systems, even though the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (‘SAR’) is politically part of the People’s Republic of China (‘PRC’), its legal system is distinct from that of the PRC. The SAR has a common law system whilst the PRC has a civil law system. However none of the decisions of the PRC courts affect adults in the SAR. At first instance are various Magistrates’ Courts, Tribunals, the District Court, and the Court of First Instance (‘the FI Court’). Generally, appeals from those Courts and Tribunals are heard by the Court of Appeal (individual Courts and Tribunals may have procedures for self-review for some types of proceedings). The FI Court and the Court of Appeal are collectively called the High Court. Appeals from the Court of Appeal are heard by the Court of Final Appeal, which is the pinnacle of the judicial hierarchy in the SAR.
Italy
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck , Christian Montana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Italy is a civil law country. There is a single, state-wide, judicial system, with a number of divisions. Jurisdiction in civil law matters can be divided into contentious, non-contentious, enforcement, and precautionary jurisdictions. The Supreme Court (Corte di Cassazione) is the third and final stage in most civil and criminal law matters. There are twenty-six Courts of Appeals, roughly one per Region. Tribunals, often being the first and lowest jurisdiction stage, are located in most cities within the areas of the Courts of Appeals.
Rights Conferred on Shareholders by the Companies ACT 2006
Authors: Joffe QC Victor , Drake David , Richardson Giles , Lightman QC Daniel , Collingwood Timothy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rights are conferred on individual shareholders by a number of provisions in the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006). These rights may be enforced by an individual shareholder free of any restrictions under the rule in Foss v Harbottle. The principal rights concerned are:
Unfair Prejudice: The Statutory Remedy
Authors: Joffe QC Victor , Drake David , Richardson Giles , Lightman QC Daniel , Collingwood Timothy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The Statutory Provisions The Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006), s 994(1) provides: A member of a company may apply to the court by petition for an order … on the ground.
Introduction
Authors: Joffe QC Victor , Drake David , Richardson Giles , Lightman QC Daniel , Collingwood Timothy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shareholders—the members of a company—associate on terms and subject to constraints (in part elective and bespoke, in part mandatory and of general application) set out in constitutional documents such as the company’s articles of association and resolutions, in any separate agreements between the shareholders, and in relevant general law, whether statutory in origin, or derived from the principles of common law and equity.
Coping with eccentricities of natural history collection data. A commentary on: ‘Comparing fruiting phenology across two historical datasets: Thoreau’s observations and herbarium specimens’
Authors: Harris Stephen A 
Published: March 2021

This article comments on:
Tara K. Miller1, Amanda S. Gallinat, Linnea C. Smith and Richard B. Primack, Comparing fruiting phenology across two historical datasets: Thoreau’s observations and herbarium specimens, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 2, 23 July 2021, Pages 159–170, 10.1093/aob/mcab019
Comparison of sparse biclustering algorithms for gene expression datasets
Authors: Nicholls Kath , Wallace Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Gene clustering and sample clustering are commonly used to find patterns in gene expression datasets. However, genes may cluster differently in heterogeneous samples (e.g. different tissues or disease states), whilst traditional methods assume that clusters are consistent across samples. Biclustering algorithms aim to solve this issue by performing sample clustering and gene clustering simultaneously. Existing reviews of biclustering algorithms have yet to include a number of more recent algorithms and have based comparisons on simplistic simulated datasets without specific evaluation of biclusters in real datasets, using less robust metrics.

Results
We compared four classes of sparse biclustering algorithms on a range of simulated and real datasets. All algorithms generally struggled on simulated datasets with a large number of genes or implanted biclusters. We found that Bayesian algorithms with strict sparsity constraints had high accuracy on the simulated datasets and did not require any post-processing, but were considerably slower than other algorithm classes. We found that non-negative matrix factorisation algorithms performed poorly, but could be re-purposed for biclustering through a sparsity-inducing post-processing procedure we introduce; one such algorithm was one of the most highly ranked on real datasets. In a multi-tissue knockout mouse RNA-seq dataset, the algorithms rarely returned clusters containing samples from multiple different tissues, whilst such clusters were identified in a human dataset of more closely related cell types (sorted blood cell subsets). This highlights the need for further thought in the design and analysis of multi-tissue studies to avoid differences between tissues dominating the analysis.

Availability
Code to run the analysis is available at https://github.com/nichollskc/biclust_comp, including wrappers for each algorithm, implementations of evaluation metrics, and code to simulate datasets and perform pre- and post-processing. The full tables of results are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581206.