bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological divergence of a habitat constructed to harbor an endangered species
Authors: Paulson Elizabeth L. , Chaudoin Ambre , Martin Andrew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEcological restoration, habitat creation, and artificial refuges are increasingly essential for conservation, particularly for species that are threatened by the loss or degradation of critical habitat. The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) exists in a single small locality subject to the detrimental effects of local groundwater extraction, limited resources, and the gradual deterioration of its gene pool as a consequence of its small effective population size. Multiple attempts at establishing captive populations have been made since the 1970s, but all failed due to mechanical issues combined with lack of staffing, and in one case a hybridization event with a closely related species. In 2012, the completion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ash Meadows Fish Conservation Facility included a 416 m3 tank designed to closely emulate the Devils Hole environment. We conducted a comparative analysis of the early‐stage ecological community in this newly constructed environment with that of Devils Hole. Results showed significantly different community compositions and temporal variation between the two sites. Differences between the natural and constructed communities were likely driven by environmental and successional stage differences between the natural and constructed habitats. Environmental DNA surveys revealed far greater diversity in both Devils Hole and the refuge tank than detected through traditional visual sampling methods. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring for tracking progress toward a desired ecological community outcome.
Statin use and incident cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Anderson Josephine L. C. , van der Giet Markus , Gomes Neto Antonio W. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Tietge Uwe J. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundStatins achieve potent LDL lowering in the general population leading to a significant cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. In renal transplant recipients (RTR) statins are included in treatment guidelines, however, conclusive evidence of improved cardiovascular outcomes has not been uniformly provided and concerns have been raised about simultaneous use of statins and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of statins on a compound CV endpoint, comprised of ischaemic CV events and CV mortality in RTR, with subgroup analysis focussing on cyclosporine users.Method622 included RTR (follow‐up 5.4 years) were matched based on propensity scores and dichotomized by statin use. Survival analysis was conducted.ResultsCox regression showed that statin use was not significantly associated with the compound CV endpoint in a fully adjusted model (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.53‐1.24, P = .33). Subgroup analyses in RTR using cyclosporine revealed a strong positive association of statin use with the CV compound outcome in a fully adjusted model (HR = 6.60, 95% CI 1.75‐24.9, P = .005). Furthermore, statin use was positively correlated with cyclosporine trough levels (correlation coefficient 0.11, P = .04).ConclusionIn conclusion, statin use does not significantly decrease incident CV events in an overall RTR cohort, but is independently associated with CV‐specific mortality and events in cyclosporine using RTR, possibly due to a bilateral pharmacological interaction.
Optimizing demand‐driven null dereference verification via merging branches
Authors: Huihui Cheng , Hongwei Zeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNull dereference is a common type of runtime failure in Java programs, and it is necessary to verify whether a dereference in the program is safe. However, previous works often have redundant path exploration and high false positive rate. In this paper, we propose a merged null dereference verification (MNDV) approach. MNDV employs a backward, path‐sensitive inter‐procedural analysis technique to verify a given dereference as safe or potentially unsafe. It uses a branch merging strategy to remove redundant paths, and a method call's relevance to the null references is checked to determine whether it is necessary to explore the internal codes of the method. We have evaluated the approach in some standard benchmark programs. Compared with some existing approaches, our approach reduces false alarm rate and effectively reduce time and memory consumption.
Impact of hepatitis C virus on survival in patients undergoing resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Report of a Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Yoshii Kengo , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Kokudo Takashi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Izumi Namiki , Murakami Takamichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Shiina Shuichiro , Sakamoto Michiie , Nakashima Osamu , Matsuyama Yutaka , Eguchi Susumu , Yamashita Tatsuya , Takayama Tadatoshi , Kokudo Norihiro , Kubo Shoji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimWe reviewed the data of a nationwide follow‐up survey to determine the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the outcomes of hepatectomy for mass‐forming (MF) type, and combined mass‐forming and periductal infiltrating (MF + PI) type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsIn total, 956 patients with ICC who underwent curative hepatic resection were included in this cohort study, and patients were classified according to virus status. Patients were classified according to virus status as follows: HCV‐related ICC (n = 138, 14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ICC (n = 43, 4.5%) and non‐virus‐related ICC (n = 775, 81.1%). To control for variables, we used 1:1 propensity score‐matching to compare outcomes after surgery between HCV‐related (n = 102) and non‐virus‐related ICC cases (n = 102).ResultsWe successfully matched HCV‐related and non‐virus‐related ICC cases with similar liver function and tumor characteristics. Patients with HCV‐related ICC had significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.92, p = 0.016) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.88, p = 0.011) than patients with non‐virus‐related ICC. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that HCV‐related ICC offered a worse prognosis than non‐virus‐related ICC.ConclusionsHCV infection increases the risk of recurrence and worsens overall survival in patients after curative resection for MF and combined MF + PI type ICC.
Place and corporate philanthropy: A systematic review
Authors: Mei Maggie Qiuzhu , Wang Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlace is omnipresent in corporate philanthropy, yet it is becoming paradoxically more and less salient at the same time. Viewing corporate philanthropy as a global yet localized phenomenon, current research is fraught with tension between sense of place and placelessness. To specify boundary conditions and add accuracy to our knowledge, we systematically review articles published in well‐regarded business and management journals and unearth the important role of place in corporate philanthropy. We show that place is manifested in a variety of forms, including geographic units, critical events and virtual platforms, and these manifestations are associated with firms’ experience of place as a social enclosure, political constellation and peer community. We find that place has three primary roles in affecting corporate philanthropy: socializing, rationalizing and learning. Our findings have significant implications for new scholarly directions that can extend our understanding of the place–corporate philanthropy nexus.
Spare me the details: How the type of information about automated interviews influences applicant reactions
Authors: Langer Markus , Baum Kevin , König Cornelius J. , Hähne Viviane , Oster Daniel , Speith Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApplicants seem to react negatively to artificial intelligence‐based automated systems in personnel selection. This study investigates the impact of different pieces of information to alleviate applicant reactions in an automated interview setting. In a 2 (no process information vs. process information) × 2 (no process justification vs. process justification) between‐subjects design, participants (N = 124) received respective information and watched a video showing an automated interview. Testing mediation effects via different applicant reaction variables indicated that process justification is better than process information which can even impair applicant reactions. However, information did not increase organizational attractiveness compared to not receiving any information. This study sheds light on what type of information contributes to positive and negative applicant reactions to automated systems.
The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications
Authors: Nie Xiaobo , Wei Xiaoyun , Ma Han , Fan Lili , Chen Wei‐Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF‐1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt‐based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic‐related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
Pilot‐scale hydraulic‐pressure extraction of Sukari date honey (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to enhance resource efficiency: Effects of processing parameters on bioactive compounds and physicochemical quality
Authors: Al‐Hilphy Asaad Rehman , Al‐Fekaiki Dhia F. , Al Hilfi Mohammed K. , Lee Pei‐Hsuan , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Gavahian Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study explored the hydraulic pressure process as an alternative process to the conventional extraction of date honey. In this regard, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were utilized as process optimization tools to achieve the highest yield and efficiency. Independent processing parameters were temperature (50–60°C) and pressure (4–12 bar). Moreover, the effect of optimum conditions on the quality and active compounds of date honey were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions to give the highest yield (45.83%) and extraction efficiency (87.99%) were a temperature of 60°C and a pressure of 8.83 bar with a come‐up time of 6 hr. The pH values of extracted date honey were higher than the conventional method. The change in pH values was described using the first‐order kinetic equation. While moisture content and acidity were significantly lower than the conventional method, hydraulic pressure increased the ash, protein, total sugar, reduced sugar, pectin, and total soluble solids. The valorization approach developed in this study provides a platform for producing high‐quality date honey as a value‐added product from an underutilized date. The findings can help with enhancing resource efficiency through agricultural waste valorization.Practical ApplicationsHydraulic press extracted the date honey at a pilot scale and showed good potential for further upscaling. This method addressed a significant concern of conventional extraction, that is, quality deterioration. In addition, the hydraulic press enhanced the extraction yield and process efficiency. Furthermore, results elaborated on the effects of processing parameters. Such approaches can be used in the industry to enhance resource efficiency and to help with achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Evaluation of anaesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion rate in Sapajus apella previously chemically contained with dextroketamine‐midazolam
Authors: Gomes Viviane Horta , da Silva Marta Fernanda Albuquerque , Carregaro Adriano Bonfim , de Oliveira Renato Leão Sá , Neves Daniel Marchesi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthetic depth induced by a propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min in monkeys (Sapajus apella).Materials and methodsFive capuchin monkeys received dextroketamine‐midazolam intramuscularly. After a maximum duration of 5 min, the values of the physiological parameters were recorded, and a venous catheter was placed. After recovery from chemical restraint, the animals were anaesthetized with propofol intravenously, which was maintained for 1 h. Physiological parameters, anaesthetic depth, the time and quality of anaesthetic recovery were evaluated.ResultsHeart and respiratory rates, systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature during propofol infusion were lower than those during anaesthesia induction with dextroketamine‐midazolam. Unconsciousness, muscle relaxation and lack of response to tail clamping were observed during propofol infusion. No animals showed excitement or vocalization during anaesthetic recovery.ConclusionPropofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min promoted surgical general anaesthesia, with transient hypotension, which showed excellent anaesthetic recovery.
Predictors for COVID‐19‐related new‐onset maladaptive behaviours in children presenting to a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Heyming Theodore W , Fortier Michelle A , Martin Sarah R , Lara Bryan , Bacon Kellie , Kain Zeev N 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to determine the incidence of new onset maladaptive behaviours in paediatric emergency department (PED) patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to examine whether child and parent anxiety and parental health status were predictors for the new‐onset of maladaptive behaviours.MethodsParticipants included child–parent dyads seen in a PED following the state's issuance of mandatory stay‐at‐home orders on 19 March 2020. A total of 351 children age 0–25 years and 335 parents enrolled in the study. Parents provided baseline demographic data and completed standardised surveys that assessed aspects of parental and child anxiety and parental health, as well as child new‐onset maladaptive behaviours. Children ≥8 years of age completed surveys that assessed child anxiety.FindingsParents reported the new onset of maladaptive behaviours in children during the pandemic with frequencies up to 43%. Bivariate analysis identified predictors such as child anxiety (t(96) = −2.04, P = 0.044) as well as parental variables such as state anxiety (t(190) = −4.91, P < 0.001) and parental sensitivity to anxiety (t(243) = −3.19, P = 0.002). A logistic regression model identified parent mental health and COVID‐19 anxiety as predictors of new onset maladaptive behaviours in children (X2 (6) = 42.514, P < 0.001). Specifically, every unit change in parental anxiety of COVID‐19 was associated with a unit increase in maladaptive behaviours in children.ConclusionsWe identified distinct parent and child‐related factors that predicted new onset child maladaptive behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The identification of such predictors may help clinicians to prevent maladaptive responses to the pandemic quarantine.
A dyadic power theory explanation of the demand‐withdraw interaction pattern
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. , Abra Gordon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study explores how dyadic power theory (DPT) can explain the demand/withdraw interaction pattern (in which one partner raises an issue and the other partner avoids discussion) in a wide range of relationship types (e.g. friends, romantic partners, family, work relationships). Two surveys were conducted (N = 155 and 91 of student and non‐student samples, respectively) where participants reported on either an unequal‐power or an equal‐power relationship in a scenario. The results were more complex than anticipated. DPT's predictions for both demand/withdraw (H1b) and relationship satisfaction (H2) were supported but found that a related pattern, criticize/defend (H1a; in which one partner critiques and the other partner defends themselves), was affected not only by the power dynamic (in the opposite direction that DPT would predict) but also by the type of relationship participants reported. In addition, equal‐power partners were more likely to use a positive interaction (RQ1) style than unequal‐power partners.
Is specialization a strategy to improve farm efficiency in northwest China?
Authors: Liu Weiying , Shankar Sriram , Li Lihua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmallholders’ specialization and commercialization is a way out of poverty and has been an important policy recommendation for countries in the early stages of structural change. However, the promotion of specialized commercial farming remains controversial. This study ascertains whether specialization is a strategy for improving efficiency based on a sample of smallholders in northwest China. A two‐step approach was employed to examine the relationship between production specialization and various efficiency measures. The nonparametric production frontier method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to derive input‐based efficiency measures, followed by the tobit estimation to identify the inefficiency determinants. The econometric analysis results confirm that specialization increases households’ technical efficiency (TE). However, in this study, we also find that specialization does not have a statistically significant impact on either the allocative or scale efficiency of the household. Food‐secure households are likely to be technically efficient, but TE is hindered by the external migration of more productive workers. Given the low estimates of farm efficiency in this study, policies facilitating labor markets and providing services for technical support and insurance should be implemented to encourage households to specialize in high‐value activities and integrate into markets.
Young Women's and Men's Opportunity Spaces in Dairy Intensification in Kenya*
Authors: Bullock Renee , Crane Todd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKenya has a high youth population coupled with high rates of unemployment. Development policies, including the National Youth Policy, emphasize the potential of agriculture as a source of youth employment. Kenya's dairy subsector is relatively well developed and continuing to commercialize. We analyse young women and men's current and emerging roles in dairy intensification and develop a conceptual framework that draws on opportunity space, intersectionality and agency. We collected qualitative data in Nakuru and Kiambu counties, in rural and peri‐urban locations. Based on 20 interviews, 18 focus group discussions, and a validation workshop, we describe social relations and the intersection of social factors that influence young women and men's changing roles and opportunities. We find that youth are embedded within social relations that reflect how age, ethnicity and gender intersect and interact with location to create differential access to agricultural resources and roles and practices in dairy value chains. While our data show that norms and practices of social exclusion may be reinforced through generations, we also find examples that demonstrate young women and men's capacity as agents of change in their communities. Our research contributes to understanding young women and men's diverse experiences in dairy and potential in agriculture.
Splenic abscess caused by Toxocara spp. in a lung transplant recipient, Marseille, France
Authors: Balacheff Quentin , Lovato Jean‐Baptiste , Coiffard Benjamin , L’Ollivier Coralie , Cassir Nadim , Reynaud‐Gaubert Martine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfections represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Although Toxocara species are prevalent worldwide, toxocariasis is an important neglected human disease that can manifest as visceral or ocular larva migrans, or covert toxocariasis. Herein, we report and discuss the first documented case of a splenic abscess associated with toxocariasis in a 69‐year‐old lung transplant recipient, in France. This case emphasizes the need to include prevention of toxocariasis in the management of lung transplant patients.
Distribution of Flow in an Arteriovenous Fistula Using Reduced-Order Models
Authors: Ventre Jeanne , Abou Taam Salam , Fullana José Maria , Lagrée Pierre-Yves 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The creation of a communication between an artery and a vein (arteriovenous fistula or AVF), to speed up the blood purification during hemodialysis of patients with renal insufficiency, induces significant rheological and mechanical modifications of the vascular network. In this study, we investigated the impact of the creation of an AVF with a zero-dimensional network model of the vascular system of an upper limb and a one-dimensional model around the anastomosis. We compared the simulated distribution of flow rate in this vascular system with Doppler ultrasound measurements. We studied three configurations: before the creation of the AVF, after the creation of the AVF, and after a focal reduction due to a hyper flow rate. The zero-dimensional model predicted the bounds of the diameter of the superficial vein that respects the flow constraints, assuming a high capillary resistance. We indeed highlighted the importance of knowing the capillary resistance as it is a decisive parameter in the models. We also found that the model reproduced the Doppler measurements of flow rate in every configuration and predicted the distribution of flow in cases where the Doppler was not available. The one-dimensional model allowed studying the impact of a venous constriction on the flow distribution, and the capillary resistance was still a crucial parameter.