bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel transdisciplinary methodology for cross-sectional analysis of snakebite epidemiology at national scale
Authors: Alcoba Gabriel , Ochoa Carlos , Babo Martins Sara , Ruiz de Castañeda Rafael , Bolon Isabelle , Wanda Franck , Comte Eric , Subedi Manish , Shah Bhupendra , Ghimire Anup , Gignoux Etienne , Luquero Francisco , Nkwescheu Armand Seraphin , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Chappuis François , Ray Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

Background
Worldwide, it is estimated that snakes bite 4.5–5.4 million people annually, 2.7 million of which are envenomed, and 81,000–138,000 die. The World Health Organization reported these estimates and recognized the scarcity of large-scale, community-based, epidemiological data. In this context, we developed the “Snake-Byte” project that aims at (i) quantifying and mapping the impact of snakebite on human and animal health, and on livelihoods, (ii) developing predictive models for medical, ecological and economic indicators, and (iii) analyzing geographic accessibility to healthcare. This paper exclusively describes the methodology we developed to collect large-scale primary data on snakebite in humans and animals in two hyper-endemic countries, Cameroon and Nepal.

Methodology/Principal findings
We compared available methods on snakebite epidemiology and on multi-cluster survey development. Then, in line with those findings, we developed an original study methodology based on a multi-cluster random survey, enhanced by geospatial, One Health, and health economics components. Using a minimum hypothesized snakebite national incidence of 100/100,000/year and optimizing design effect, confidence level, and non-response margin, we calculated a sample of 61,000 people per country. This represented 11,700 households in Cameroon and 13,800 in Nepal. The random selection with probability proportional to size generated 250 clusters from all Cameroonian regions and all Nepalese Terai districts. Our household selection methodology combined spatial randomization and selection via high-resolution satellite images. After ethical approval in Switerland (CCER), Nepal (BPKIHS), and Cameroon (CNERSH), and informed written consent, our e-questionnaires included geolocated baseline demographic and socio-economic characteristics, snakebite clinical features and outcomes, healthcare expenditure, animal ownership, animal outcomes, snake identification, and service accessibility.

Conclusions/Significance
This novel transdisciplinary survey methodology was subsequently used to collect countrywide snakebite envenoming data in Nepal and Cameroon. District-level incidence data should help health authorities to channel antivenom and healthcare allocation. This methodology, or parts thereof, could be easily adapted to other countries and to other Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 a potential major player connecting atherosclerosis and osteoporosis in high fat diet fed rats
Authors: Sabry Maha , Mostafa Seham , Rashed Laila , Abdelgwad Marwa , Kamar Samaa , Estaphan Suzanne 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the major sequelae of obesity. On the other hand, the relationship between bone diseases and obesity remains unclear. An increasing number of biological and epidemiological studies suggest the presence of a link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, however, the precise molecular pathways underlying this close association remain poorly understood. The present work thus aimed to study Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), as a proposed link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis in high fat diet fed rats.Methods and findings40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, untreated atherosclerosis group, atherosclerotic rats treated with carvedilol (10mg/kg/d) and atherosclerotic rats treated with alendronate sodium (10mg/kg/d). After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected for estimation of Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, HDL, TGs), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and NO) and Bone turnover markers (BTMs) (Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and pyridinoline). Rats were then euthanized and the aortas and tibias were dissected for histological examination and estimation of MMP-9, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and NF-kB expression. Induction of atherosclerosis via high fat diet and chronic stress induced a significant increase in BTMs, inflammatory markers and resulted in a state of dyslipidaemia. MMP-9 has also shown to be significantly increased in the untreated atherosclerosis rats and showed a significant correlation with all measured parameters. Interestingly, Carvedilol and bisphosphonate had almost equal effects restoring the measured parameters back to normal, partially or completely.ConclusionMMP-9 is a pivotal molecule that impact the atherogenic environment of the vessel wall. A strong cross talk exists between MMP-9, cytokine production and macrophage function. It also plays an important regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis. So, it may be a key molecule in charge for coupling CVD and bone diseases in high fat diet fed rats. Therefore, we suggest MMP-9 as a worthy molecule to be targeted pharmacologically in order to control both conditions simultaneously. Further studies are needed to support, to invest and to translate this hypothesis into clinical studies and guidelines.
Functioning in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: Exploring the role of environmental factors using focus groups
Authors: Armadans-Tremolosa I. , Guilera G. , Las Heras M. , Castrechini A. , Selva-O’Callaghan A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Health-related quality of life is impaired in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. This study aimed to identify the main areas of the health-related quality of life environment domain that are affected in patients with myositis.

Methods
A qualitative study was performed using focus groups and applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Participants were recruited from a cohort of 323 adult inflammatory myopathy patients consulting at a reference center for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in Spain, selected by the maximum variation strategy, and placed in focus groups with 5 to 7 patients per group. The number of focus groups required was determined by data saturation.

Results
Twenty-five patients distributed in 4 focus groups were interviewed. The verbatim provided 54 categories directly related with environmental factors. Those associated with products or substances for personal consumption (e110), health professionals (e355), health services, systems and policies (e580), products and technology for personal use in daily living (e115), and immediate family (e310) were the ones most frequently reported.

Conclusion
The results of this study led to identification of several environmental factors that affect the health-related quality of life of patients with myositis. Remedial interventions should be designed to address some of these factors.
Quantifying the gender gap in the HIV care cascade in southern Mozambique: We are missing the men
Authors: Lopez-Varela Elisa , Augusto Orvalho , Fuente-Soro Laura , Sacoor Charfudin , Nhacolo Ariel , Casavant Isabelle , Karajeanes Esmeralda , Vaz Paula , Naniche Denise 
Published: February 2021

Background
HIV-infected men have higher rates of delayed diagnosis, reduced antiretroviral treatment (ART) retention and mortality than women. We aimed to assess, by gender, the first two UNAIDS 90 targets in rural southern Mozambique.

Methods
This analysis was embedded in a larger prospective cohort enrolling individuals with new HIV diagnosis between May 2014-June 2015 from clinic and home-based testing (HBT). We assessed gender differences between steps of the HIV-cascade. Adjusted HIV-community prevalence was estimated using multiple imputation (MI).

Results
Among 11,773 adults randomized in HBT (7084 female and 4689 male), the response rate before HIV testing was 48.7% among eligible men and 62.0% among women (p<0.001). MI did not significantly modify all-age HIV-prevalence for men but did decrease prevalence estimates in women from 36.4%to 33.0%. Estimated proportion of HIV-infected individuals aware of their status was 75.9% for men and 88.9% for women. In individuals <25 years, we observed up to 22.2% disparity in awareness of serostatus between genders. Among individuals eligible for ART, similar proportions of men and women initiated treatment (81.2% and 85.9%, respectively). Fourfold more men than womenwere in WHO stage III/IV AIDS at first clinical visit. Once on ART, men had a twofold higher 18-month loss to follow-up rate than women.

Conclusion
The contribution of missing HIV-serostatus data differentially impacted indicators of HIV prevalence and of achievement of UNAIDS targets by age and gender and men were missing long before the second 90. Increased efforts to characterize missing men and their needs will and their needs will allow us to urgently address the barriers to men accessing care and ensure men are not left behind in the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets achievement.
Cardiovascular sequalae in uncomplicated COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wong Chun-Ka , Un Ka-Chun , Lau Yuk-Ming , Lee Jeffrey Chun-Yin , Tam Frankie Chor-Cheung , Lau Yee-Man , Lai Wing-Hon , Tam Anthony Raymond , Lam Yat-Yin , Pang Polly , Tong Teresa , Tang Milky , Tse Hung-Fat , Ho Deborah , Ng Ming-Yen , Chan Esther W. , Wong Ian C. K. , Lau Chu-Pak , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Siu Chung-Wah 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundA high proportion of COVID-19 patients were reported to have cardiac involvements. Data pertaining to cardiac sequalae is of urgent importance to define subsequent cardiac surveillance.MethodsWe performed a systematic cardiac screening for 97 consecutive COVID-19 survivors including electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, serum troponin and NT-proBNP assay 1–4 weeks after hospital discharge. Treadmill exercise test and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were performed according to initial screening results.ResultsThe mean age was 46.5 ± 18.6 years; 53.6% were men. All were classified with non-severe disease without overt cardiac manifestations and did not require intensive care. Median hospitalization stay was 17 days and median duration from discharge to screening was 11 days. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 42.3% including sinus bradycardia (29.9%), newly detected T-wave abnormality (8.2%), elevated troponin level (6.2%), newly detected atrial fibrillation (1.0%), and newly detected left ventricular systolic dysfunction with elevated NT-proBNP level (1.0%). Significant sinus bradycardia with heart rate below 50 bpm was detected in 7.2% COVID-19 survivors, which appeared to be self-limiting and recovered over time. For COVID-19 survivors with persistent elevation of troponin level after discharge or newly detected T wave abnormality, echocardiography and CMR did not reveal any evidence of infarct, myocarditis, or left ventricular systolic dysfunction.ConclusionCardiac abnormality is common amongst COVID-survivors with mild disease, which is mostly self-limiting. Nonetheless, cardiac surveillance in form of ECG and/or serum biomarkers may be advisable to detect more severe cardiac involvement including atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dysfunction.
Incidence and predictors of COPD mortality in Uganda: A 2-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Alupo Patricia , Wosu Adaeze C. , Mahofa Abdallah , Mugenyi Levicatus , Semakula Daniel , Katagira Winceslaus , Kirenga Bruce 
Published: February 2021

Background
Data is lacking on outcomes among COPD patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the study was to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among COPD patients enrolled in the Uganda Registry for Asthma and COPD.

Research question
What is the Incidence and predictors of mortality among COPD patients in Uganda?

Study design and methods
Individuals with a diagnosis of COPD at six hospitals in Uganda were enrolled into the registry, and followed every six months. Mortality was ascertained through post-mortem reports and verbal autopsies. Mortality rates (MR), mortality rate ratios (MRR), and hazard ratios (HR) were computed to assess associations between socio-demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics at enrolment into the registry and mortality up to two years after.

Results
We enrolled 296 COPD patients. Median age was 60 years, and 51·3% were male. The overall mortality rate was 95·90 deaths/1000 person-years. COPD severity by post-bronchodilator FEV1 was the strongest risk factor for mortality. Compared to stage 1, adjusted hazard ratios were as follows for stage 4: 9·86 (95%CI: 1·70–57·14, p = 0·011), stage 3: 6·16 (95%CI: 1·25–30·32, p = 0·025), and stage 2: 1·76 (95%CI: 0·33–9·48, p = 0·51). Underweight patients had a higher incidence of mortality compared to normal weight patients (MRR: 3·47 (95%CI: 1·45–8·31, p = 0·0026).

Conclusion
Among COPD patients in Uganda, two-year mortality is high, and disease severity at baseline was the strongest risk factor for mortality. Our findings suggest the need for early, accurate, diagnosis and management of COPD, to potentially improve survival.
Candidate drugs for preventive treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shimizu Kampei , Imamura Hirotoshi , Tani Shoichi , Adachi Hidemitsu , Sakai Chiaki , Ishii Akira , Kataoka Hiroharu , Miyamoto Susumu , Aoki Tomohiro , Sakai Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2021

Background and purpose
Establishment of drug therapy to prevent rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is needed. Previous human and animal studies have gradually clarified candidate drugs for preventive treatment of IA rupture. However, because most of these candidates belong to classes of drugs frequently co-administered to prevent cardiovascular diseases, epidemiological studies evaluating these drugs simultaneously should be performed. Furthermore, because drugs included in the same class may have different effects in terms of disease prevention, drug-by-drug assessments are important for planning intervention trials.

Materials and methods
We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling patients diagnosed with IAs between July 2011 and June 2019 at our institution. Patients were divided into ruptured or unruptured groups. The drugs investigated were selected according to evidence suggested by either human or animal studies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of drug treatment with rupture status. We also performed drug-by-drug assessments of the association, including dose-response relationships, with rupture status.

Results
In total, 310 patients with ruptured and 887 patients with unruptured IAs were included. Multivariate analysis revealed an inverse association of statins (odds ratio (OR), 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.77), calcium channel blockers (OR, 0.41; 95% CI 0.30–0.58), and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.48–0.93) with ruptured IAs. Moreover, inverse dose-response relationships with rupture status were observed for pitavastatin and rosuvastatin among statins, benidipine, cilnidipine, and amlodipine among calcium channel blockers, and valsartan, azilsartan, candesartan, and olmesartan among ARBs. Only non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were positively associated with ruptured IAs (OR, 3.24; 95% CI 1.71–6.13).

Conclusions
The present analysis suggests that several types of statins, calcium channel blockers, and ARBs are candidate drugs for preventive treatment of unruptured IAs.
Lactic acid-containing products for bacterial vaginosis and their impact on the vaginal microbiota: A systematic review
Authors: Plummer Erica L. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Doyle Michelle , Fairley Christopher K. , Murray Gerald L. , Bateson Deborah , Masson Lindi , Slifirski Josephine , Tachedjian Gilda , Vodstrcil Lenka A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis (BV) typically has low abundance of lactic acid producing lactobacilli. Lactic acid has properties that may make it effective for treating BV and/or restoring an optimal lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. We conducted a systematic review to describe the effect of intravaginal lactic acid-containing products on BV cure, and their impact on vaginal microbiota composition (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018115982).

Methods
PubMed, Embase and OVID were searched from inception to November 2019 to identify eligible studies. Included studies evaluated an intravaginal lactic acid-containing product and reported BV cure using established diagnostic methods, and/or vaginal microbiota composition using molecular methods. Studies were independently screened and assessed, and the proportion of women cured post-treatment was calculated. Study results were described in a qualitative manner.

Results
We identified 1,883 articles and assessed 57 full-texts for eligibility. Seven different lactic acid-containing products were evaluated and differed with respect to excipients, lactic acid concentration and pH. Most studies had medium or high risk of bias. Three trials compared the efficacy of a lactic acid-containing product to metronidazole for BV cure. One study found lactic acid to be equivalent to metronidazole and two studies found lactic acid to be significantly inferior to metronidazole. Two studies included a control group receiving a placebo or no treatment. One reported lactic acid to be superior than no treatment and the other reported lactic acid to be equivalent to placebo. Lactic acid-containing products did not significantly impact the vaginal microbiota composition.

Conclusion
There is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the use of lactic acid-containing products for BV cure or vaginal microbiota modulation. However, adequately powered and rigorous randomised trials with accompanying vaginal microbiota data are needed to evaluate the efficacy of lactic acid as a BV treatment strategy.
Gerakan Ecoda’wah Tuan Guru Hasanain Djuaini: Konservasi, Nilai Keagamaan dan Promosi Kesadaran Lingkungan
Authors: Husnial Pardi Habib 
Published: February 2021

This article try to describe the role of Tuan guru Hasanain Djuani in environmental conservation project. As leader of Pesantren Nurul Haramain, he does not merely focus on transfering religious knowledge theoritically in Pesantren, but he also engages with sosio-ecological issues practically. Since 2003, he begun his foresty project in environmental conservation and economic empowerment by involving his santries and local societies at desa Lembuak, Narmada, West Lombok. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection originates from objects in the field, interviews with actors (tuan guru, santri, and local community), then is linked to solving a problem, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. This research found several things; first, conservation project had succesfully reforested 36 hectare land. Second, Hasanain’s environmental conservation projet motivated by religious values. Third, Tuan guru Hasanain use social media (facebook) as a tool to campaign his ecoda’wah agendas to the soceity.Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi proyek konservasi lingkungan tuan Guru Hasanain. Sebagai pemimpin pesantren ia tidak hanya fokus pada transfer ilmu keislaman secara teoritis di pesantre. pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis pondok pesantren. Namun dia terlibat dalam isu krisis lingkungan. Sejak 2003, di telah memulai program penghijaun dan pemberdayaan bersama santri dan masyarakat sekitar di desa Lembuak, Naramada Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi secara langsung dan tidak lansung (kepada Tuan guru, Santri dan masyarakat). Kajian ini diawali dengan argumentasi bahwa tuan guru telah mengalami evolusi peran, yakni tidak hanya dikenal sebagai tokoh agama tradisional, akan tetapi juga merupakan aktivis sosial dalam proyek konservasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal: pertama, proyek konservasi yang dipimpin Hasanain sukses menghijaukan 36 hektare lahan tandus. Kedua, konservasi lingkungan yang dilakukan Hasanain didorong dan motivasi olehnilai-nilai agama. Ketiga, tuan gru Hasanain memanfaatkan media sosial facebook sebagai instrumen ec-da’wah, dan tentu saja langkah itu cukup berpengaruh bagi pembentukan kesadaran masyarakat.
Equivalence between distributional and viscosity solutions for the double-phase equation
Authors: Fang Yuzhou , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the different notions of solutions to the double-phase equation

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(

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,

-{\operatorname{div}(\lvert Du\rvert^{p-2}Du+a(x)\lvert Du\rvert^{q-2}Du)}=0,

which is characterized by the fact that both ellipticity and growth switch between two different types of polynomial according to the position.
We introduce the

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(
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{\mathcal{A}_{H(\,{\cdot}\,)}}

-harmonic functions of nonlinear potential theory and then show that

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-harmonic functions coincide with the distributional and viscosity solutions, respectively.
This implies that the distributional and viscosity solutions are exactly the same.
Exactitud diagnóstica de la técnica Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM frente a otras técnicas de detección de esquistosomiasis urinaria en Nigeria
Authors: Houmsou Robert Soumay , Wama Binga Emmanuel , Agere Hemen , Uniga John Ador , Jerry Timothy Jerry , Azuaga Paul , Amuta Elizabeth Une , Kela Santaya Larit 
Published: February 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
La esquistosomiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por gusanos del género esquistosomazonas que afecta a humanos en zonas rurales donde el parásito es endémico. En este estudio se evalúa el rendimiento diagnóstico del test rápido Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM para la detección de la esquitosomiasis urinaria en Nigeria.

Métodos
Se analizaron un total de 374 muestras de orina. Para el análisis de las muestras se emplearon tiras reactivas, filtración de orina y el test de Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM. Se emplearon 2 mL de suero para el análisis serológico con el test Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM. A continuación, se enviaron 3 mL de cada muestra sérica a LDBIO Diagnostics (Francia) para un segundo análisis con el test Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM y confirmación mediante IgG SCHISTO Western blot (WB). El rendimiento de la prueba evaluada se determinó calculando la sensibilidad (Se), especifidad (Sp), valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN) y la razón de verosimilitud positiva (LR+). La exactitud de cada prueba se determinó calculando el Índice de Youden (IY) y la exactitud diagnóstica (ED). El nivel de significación estadística se determinó en un valor p≤0,05. El test Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM detectó la infección en el 63,9% de las muestras.

Resultados
El test mostró una sensibilidad del 94,9%, una especifidad del 63,9%, un valor predictivo positivo del 72,4%, un valor predictivo negativo del 92,6% y una razón de verosimilitud de 2,62. La técnica Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM mostró un buen índice kappa de Cohen (κ=0,68), un buen Índice de Youden (IY=0,58), así como una buena exactitud diagnóstica (ED=0,78).

Conclusiones

Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM ha demostrado ser la mejor técnica para la detección de la esquistosomiasis urinaria en Nigeria.