bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Evaluation of Some Pyrazoles, Thiazoles and Oxazoles Derived from 2-Mercaptoaniline
Authors: AL-Joubory Ahmood Kh. Jebur , Abdullah Layth W. , Mohammed Abdullah Jasim 
Published: March 2021

Synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (A1) is performed from the reaction of o-aminothiophenol and carbon disulfide CS2 in ethanol under basic condition. Compound (A1) is reacted with chloro acetyl chloride to give compound (A2). Hydrazide acid compound (A3) is obtained from the reaction of compound (A2) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux in the presence of glacial acetic acid .The reaction of hydrazide acid compound (A3) with ethyl acetoacetate gives pyrazole compound (A4). The new hydrazone compound (A5) was prepared from the reaction of compound (A3) with benzaldehyde. Reaction of compound (A3) with thiourea dissolved in ethanol gave 2-amino thiazole compounds(A6) which was used the reaction with 4–N,N-dimethyl benzaldehyde to yield compound hydrazone (A7).While, the reaction of compound (A2) with urea in the presence of ethanol gave 2-amino oxazole compounds (A8) which was used in the reaction with 3-hydroxy – 4 -methoxy benzaldehyde to yield hydrazone (A9). The structures of the prepared compounds were established by spectral (1H-NMR,Elemental analysis (C.H.N- ),and FT-IR. In addition to systematic characterization of some active functional groups in these compounds, antibacterial activity (Esheriechia coli, Bacillus subtilis ) for some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against two types of fugal (Candida albicans ) , the synthesized compounds.
NCDs-COVID19 Preventions, Environmental – Nutrition Perspective Approach; (The Case of Tanzanian Students)
Authors: Kilimba Ulumbi , Baysen Engine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION; Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are serious public diseases. They are affecting a larger a number of young people who are from developing countries. Characterized by been non-transferrable diseases. The main risk factors include unhealthy behaviors and metabolic syndromes. Unhealthy behaviors include excess use of salts, sugar, fats food and alcohol, other are cigarettes, physical inactive and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetable, but also overweight/obesity, hypertension high cholesterol and hyperglygriciride. Common NCDs killers are CVDs, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer OBJECTIVES; main objective of this study was to assess the student knowledge on NCD-COVID-19 prevention; environmental – nutrition perspective approach.. METHOD; Cross section study design conducted at Dar-es-salaam- Tanzania. Purposive method used to select participants within six secondary schools that are situated at city center. The likert scale questioner used to obtain non-parametric data. The validation and reliability of tool pre-tested before actual data collection. The data were analyzed under ordinal regression analysis under the help of computer with SPSS- 20 version software. The descriptive statistics established frequencies and percentages while statistical measures were median and IQR. RESULTS; about 600 students were recruited and participated, 54.7% were female and 45.3% male, (SD) mean was 18.3 and SD was 0.64. Students were knowledgeable on nutrition perspective by 81% while on environmental perspective was 50%. CONCLUSION; the study concluded that, to speed up NCDs–COVID19 prevention, the multipart environmental education, curriculum education review and adoption of new NCDs strategic action (2018-2020) are needed.
Three-dimensional Real-time Triplane versus Biplane Simpson for left ventricular ejection fraction estimation after ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brás Diogo Rodrigues , Reis Carla , Horta Eduarda , Mendes Miguel , Andrade Maria João 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The Biplane Simpson (BPS) remains the recommended 2-dimensional method to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, it has known limitations that may be overcome with 3D real-time triplane (RTTP), for instance, obtaining all apical views simultaneously at the same cardiac cycle. Accurate LVEF measurement is of utmost importance, as it guides the allocation of many treatments that reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure. We sought to compare LVEF and volumes assessed by BPS and RTTP, using 3D LV full volume as reference, in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and results: Prospective study that included consecutive STEMI patients. LV volumes and EF were compared between BPS and RTTP and the reference method. Fifty-two patients were studied and anterior MI was the most frequent location (44%). There was strong correlation between EF measured by BPS (r=0.80, p<0.001) and RTTP (r=0.91, p<0.001) versus the reference method, with significant difference between coefficients (0.11, p=0.034). EF by BPS attained a good inter-operator agreement, with an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.82 (95% CI 0.710-0.894,p<0.001), as well as EF by RTTP (ICC 0.88, 95% CI 0.801–0.930,p<0.001), without statistically significant difference between the two methods (p=0.279).Conclusion: Estimation of LV volumes and EF by RTTP method showed higher correlation than BPS with 3D-echocardiography, in a population of STEMI patients. As an accurate LVEF estimation is of high relevance for its potential to alter clinical decision pathways, this data points to the usefulness of the RTTP method, especially in myocardial infarction setting.
Investigation of the impact of mole-fraction on the digital benchmarking parameters as well as sensitivity in GaXIn1-XAs/GaYIn1-YSb vertical heterojunctionless tunneling field effect transistor
Authors: Rajabi Behzad , Vadizadeh Mahdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
GaXIn1-XAs/GaYIn1-YSb vertical heterojunctionless tunneling field effect transistor (VHJL-TFET) has been suggested to optimize the digital benchmarking parameters. In the proposed VHJL-TFET with type II heterostructure (i.e. X=0.8, Y=0.85), slight changes in gate voltage cause switching from OFF-state to ON-state. As a result, the electrical properties of Ga0.8In0.2As/Ga0.85In0.15Sb VHJL-TFET are excellent in the sub-threshold region. The heterostructure with III-V semiconductors in the source-channel region increases the ON-state current (ION (of the VHJL-TFET. Comparing the results of Ga0.8In0.2As/Ga0.85In0.15Sb VHJL-TFET with the simulated devices with type I heterostructure (i.e. X=0.9, Y=0.1) and type III heterostructure (i.e. X=0.1, Y=0.4) shows the improvement by 26% and 15% in the average subthreshold slope (SS). Sensitivity analysis for VHJL-TFET with the type II heterostructure shows that the sensitivity of OFF-state current (IOFF) to the body thickness (Tb) and doping concentration (ND) is more than the sensitivity of the other main electrical parameters. The Ga0.8In0.2As/Ga0.85In0.15Sb VHJL-TFET with a channel length of 20 nm, Tb=5 nm, and ND=1×1018cm-3 showed the SS=4.4mV/dec, ION/IOFF=4E14, and ION=8mA/um. As a result, Ga0.8In0.2As/Ga0.85In0.15Sb VHJL-TFET can be a reasonable choice for digital applications.
Oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia are high in cerebrospinal fluid but low in serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Hernández-Díaz Yazmin , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Tovilla-Zarate Carlos , López-Narváez María Lilia , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Castillo-Avila Rosa Giannina , Ramos-Méndez Miguel Ángel , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental and disabling disease. Levels of oxytocin have been proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia; however, the observed levels of oxytocin in individuals with schizophrenia have been inconsistent across studies. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate oxytocin levels in plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid to see if there are statistically different concentrations between individuals with schizophrenia and the comparison group.The meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to guarantee a high quality and reproducibility.Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the study was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects model was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software with the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Serum oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia were significantly lower than that in comparison group (SMD = − 1.74, 95% CI = − 3.22 to − 0.26, p = 0.02) but cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in the comparison group (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.05 to 1.04, p = 0.03).Our results suggest that oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in individuals with schizophrenia but decreased in serum. Therefore, the oxytocin system dysregulation may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and it should be measured in more populations for a possible implementation as a biomarker of schizophrenia.
Prediction of Conotoxin Type Based on Long Short-term Memory Network
Authors: Wang Feng , Chang Shan , Wei Dashun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Conotoxin is a valuable peptide that targets ion channels and neuronal receptors. The toxin has been proven to be an effective drug for treating a series of diseases, but the process of identifying the type of toxin through traditional wet experiments is very complicated, low efficiency and high cost, but the method of machine learning is used to identify the cono toxin. Training in the process can effectively change this status quo.Methods: A method to predict the type of spiral toxin using the sequence information of the toxin combined with the long-term short-term memory network (LSTM) method model. This method only needs to take the conotoxin peptide sequence as input, and uses the character embedding method in text processing to automatically map the sequence to the feature vector representation, and extract the features for training and prediction.Results: Experimental results show that the correct index of this method on the test set reaches 0.80, and the AUC (area under the ROC curve) value reaches 0.817. For the same test set, the AUC value of the KNN algorithm is 0.641, and the AUC value of the method proposed in this paper is 0.817.Conclusions: The algorithm does not require manual feature extraction and feature reconstruction steps, thereby simplifying the algorithm design, and can use the advantages of the long-term dependence of LSTM according to the characteristics of the cono toxin sequence, so that its classification can be better predicted, and the classification of the cono toxin can be better predicted. The sequence information of spirotoxin combined with the LSTM method can be better than the KNN classification algorithm.
Assessing the effects of disaggregated public spending on green economic growth: The case of China
Authors: Gnangoin Thierry Y. , Du Liangsheng , Edjoukou Akadje Jean Roland , Sow Djeri , Fania Nyande 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines the linear and nonlinear relationship between disaggregated public spending and green economic growth in China's case for 1993Q1-2018Q4. We used the principal component analysis approach to calculate the index of green economic growth and analyzed quarterly data through DOLS and FMOLS models. We found that public spending on economic affairs, public spending on health, inflation rate, and trade openness have a positive effect on green economic growth, while public spending on housing has a negative effect on green economic growth. Besides, the results showed a linear relationship between public spending on economic affairs and green growth; while a nonlinear relationship between public spending on housing and green economic growth, and between public spending on health and green economic growth. Lastly, the results showed that the 2015Q1 breakpoint has a negative and significant effect on green growth, while the 2008 financial crisis effect is not significant.
QTL&nbsp;Mapping of Panicle Architecture and Yield-related Traits Between Two U.S. Rice Cultivars ‘LaGrue’&nbsp; and ‘Lemont’
Authors: Rice Adam , North Dustin , Moldenhauer Karen Ann-Kuenzel , Pereira Andy , Shi Ainong , Shakiba Ehsan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grain yield is a quantitative trait that is determined by several agronomic traits. Unfortunately, there is little information about the genetics behind yield components in U.S. rice cultivars. The objective of the study were to 1) conduct a QTL study for identification of chromosome regions associated with yield traits in two US developed rice cultivars and 2) identify candidate genes in major QTL regions related to yield traits. Four rice cultivars were evaluated in the summer 2017 at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) at Stuttgart, AR for 15 agronomic traits associated with yield. Of the four cultivars, “LaGrue” had a higher number of seeds/panicle, number of primary panicle branches/panicle, and number of seeds/plant and “Lemont”, despite having longer panicles and higher 100 seed weight/panicle, produced the least number of seeds among the cultivars. A bi-parental population was developed from a cross between LaGrue and Lemont for QTL analysis. Leaf samples from F2 plants were collected for genetic analysis. A set of 322 F2:3 lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for several agronomic traits at two locations with three replications for each line. A total of 17 major QTLs were detected including two major QTLs for plant height on chromosome 1 and two major QTLs for flag leaf length and panicle length on chromosome 8 with seven candidate genes found in these regions. The results from the study would be useful for marker assisted selection in rice breeding.
In-silico analysis of BCL2 gene using multiple bioinformatics tools to identify the most lethal mutations that are crucial for its structural and functional integrity
Authors: Ghani Usman , Ali Yasir , Gul Karim , Ullah Rahmat , Khan Abbas , Wei Dong-Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BCL2 was the first ever known gene for anti-apoptotic activity, that encodes for essential proteins of the external mitochondrial membrane. Regarding tumorigenesis, deregulated BCL2 expression and related proteins have been recognized as characteristic of several human cancers and there is concrete evidence that the deregulated expression of BCL2 like proteins plays a vital role in tumor development, persistence and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify the polymorphisms of BCL2 that are both structurally and functionally important for research to find their possible malfunctions and therapeutics. For this reason, in our research, we have used a variety of bioinformatics tools to recognize the most destructive nsSNPs that may be important for the structure and function of BCL2. In silico tools, PROVEAN, SIFT, SNP&GO, PhD SNP, and PolyPhen2 included a variety of other tools such as I Mutant, MutPred, and ConSurf, to study their conservation profiles to validate their stability, structural, and functional impacts. Post-transcriptional alteration sites were also predicted followed by application of 3-D mapping with I-TASSER and Phyre2 tools. Furthermore, the gene interactions were mapped via STRING and GeneMANIA. We also found that nsSNPs Q118R (rs759928495), G193R (rs1197820694), R129C (rs777784952), and Ll81V (rs752310933) are the most destructive nsSNPs in BCL2 genes that can have a vital part in BCL2 protein defects and possibly cause different cancers. Gene-gene interactions showed relation of BCL2 with other genes depicting its importance in several pathways and co-expressions. This research is the first of its kind and offers future prospects for the development of dedicated medicines as well. In the animal models, the effects of BCL2 can also be tested in diseases. Such should be the study of BCL2 proteins from cancer patients. The effects of BCL2 can also be tested on animal models.
Modelling 1-D Copper Grating for Extraordinary Optical Transmission
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Ashfaq Zain , Iqbal Khalid , Afsheen Sumera , Zafar Maria , Tabassum Huma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and its association with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) has been presented in this report.. The 1-dimensional periodic grating structure of copper (Cu) has been designed over the glass substrate in rf-module of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. The geometry was illuminated from glass side with visible-near infrared (400-900nm) electromagnetic spectrum. The 0th order transmission spectra have been investigated to study the maximum value of EOT at different slit widths by taking the period (700nm) and thickness of Cu grating (50nm) constant. Moreover, the near field analysis has been used to investigate the field behavior at desired interface and to verify the results of transmission spectra. It is worth mentioning that the highest value of EOT corresponds to the slit width of 250nm which is affiliated with the strongest plasmonic mode i.e., fundamental plasmonic mode. Such devices are increasingly applicable in sensing, chemical and solar cell industries.
Suppressed Distortion Performance Metrics of 20nm GAA-GaN/Al2O3 Nanowire MOSFET: Based on Quantum Numerical Simulation&nbsp;
Authors: Gupta Neha , Jain Aditya , Kumar Ajay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the suppressed distortion performance metrics of gate all around (GAA) Gallium Nitride (GaN)/Al2O3 Nanowire (NW) n-channel MOSFET (GaNNW/Al2O3 MOSFET) based on quantum numerical simulations at room temperature (300 K). The simulation results show high switching ratio (≈109) with low subthreshold swing (67mV/decade), high QF value (4.1mS-decade/mV) of GaNNW/Al2O3-MOSFET in comparison to GaNNW/SiO2 and SiNW MOSFET for Vds=0.4V due to the lower permittivity of GaN and more effective mass of the electron. Furthermore, linearity and distortion performance is also examined by numerically calculating transconductance and its higher derivatives (gm2 and gm3); voltage and current intercept point (VIP2, VIP3 and IIP3); 1-dB compression point; Harmonics distortions (HD2 and HD3) and IMD3. All these parameters show high linearity and low distortion at zero crossover point (where gm3=0) in GaNNW/Al2O3 MOSFET. Thus, GaNNW MOSFET can be considered as a promising candidate for low power high-performance applications. In addition, effect of ambient temperature (250K-450K) on the performance of GaNNW/Al2O3 is studied and discussed in terms of the above mentioned metrics. It is very well exhibited that SS, Ion, Vth, and QF improved when the temperature is lowered which makes it suitable for low-temperature environments. But, linearity degrades as the temperature lowers down.
Molecular Mapping and Characterization of QBp.caas-3BL for Black Point Resistance in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Liu Cuihe , Song Jie , Liu Siyang , Liu Jingdong , Xu Dengan , Tian Xiuling , Bian Yingjie , Dong Yachao , Wang Fengju , Wang Rongge , He Zhonghu , Xia Xianchun , CAO SHUANGHE 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wheat black point, which occurs in most wheat growing regions of the world, is detrimental to grain appearance, processing and nutrient quality. Mining and characterization of genetic loci for black point resistance is helpful for breeding resistant wheat cultivars. We previously identified a major QTL QBp.caas-3BL in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Linmai 2/Zhong 892 across five environments. Here we confirmed the QTL in two additional environments. The genetic region of QBp.caas-3BL was enriched with newly developed markers. Using four sets of near isogenic lines QBp.caas-3BL was narrowed down to a physical interval of approximately 1.7 Mb, including five annotated genes according to IWGSC reference genome. TraesCS3B02G404300, TraesCS3B02G404600 and TraesCS3B02G404700 were predicted as candidate genes based on the analyses of sequence polymorphisms and differential expression. We also converted a SNP of TraesCS3B02G404700 into a breeding-applicable KASP marker and verified its efficacy for marker-assisted breeding in a panel of germplasm. The findings not only lay a foundation for map-based cloning of QBp.caas-3BL but also provide a useful marker for selection of resistant cultivars genotypes in wheat breeding.
Association of Progranulin and Rab2 is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion
Authors: Zhao Xiangli , Liberti Rossella , Jian Jinlong , Fu Wenyu , Hettinghouse Aubryanna , Sun Ying , Liu Chuanju 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a key regulator of lysosome and its deficiency has been linked to various lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), including Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common LSD. Here, we report that PGRN plays a previously unrecognized role in autophagy within the context of GD. PGRN deficiency associated with accumulation of LC3-II and p62 in autophagosomes of GD animal model and patient fibroblasts, resulting from impaired fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. PGRN physically interacted with Rab2, a critical molecule in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Additionally, a fragment of PGRN containing the Grn E domain was required and sufficient for binding to Rab2. Further, this fragment significantly ameliorated PGRN-deficiency associated impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic flux. These findings not only demonstrate that PGRN is a crucial mediator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, but also provide new evidence indicating PGRN’s candidacy as a molecular target for modulating autophagy in GD and other LSDs in general.
Neutralizing and binding antibody kinetics of COVID-19 patients during hospital and convalescent phases
Authors: Yao Xiang-Yang , Liu Wei , Li Zhi-Yong , Xiong Hua-Long , Su Ying-Ying , Li Ting-Dong , Zhang Shi-Yin , Zhang Xue-Jie , Bi Zhao-Feng , Deng Chen-Xi , Li Cai-Yu , Yuan Quan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Tian-Ying , Wang Zhan-Xiang , Ge Sheng-Xiang , Xia Ning-Shao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Knowledge of host immune response after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for the direction of vaccination and epidemiological control strategies against COVID-19.Methods: Thirty-four COVID-19 patients were enrolled with 244 serial blood specimens (38.1% after hospital discharge) collected to explore the chronological evolution of neutralizing (NAb), total (TAb), IgM, IgG and IgA antibody in parallel.Results: IgG titers reached a peak later (35 days postonset) than those of Nab, Ab, IgM and IgA (25 days postonset). IgM levels declined with an estimated half-life of 35 days postonset, which was more rapid than those of IgA and IgG (73-76 days postonset). All patients remained positive for NAb, IgG and IgA up to 3 months after illness onset. The relative contribution of IgM to NAb was higher than that of IgG (standardized β regression coefficient: 0.53 vs 0.48). However, the relative contribution of IgG to NAb increased and that of IgM further decreased after 6 weeks postonset.Conclusions: This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust neutralizing and binding antibody responses in patients. Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 acquired by infection may persist for a relatively long time.