bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and development of high efficiency low emission combined cycle power plant arrangements
Authors: Komarov I I , Zlyvko O V , Vegera A N , Makhmutov B A , Shcherbatov I A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Coal-fired steam turbine thermal power plants produce a large part of electricity. These power plants usually have low efficiency and high carbon dioxide emission. An application of combined cycle power plants with coal gasification equipped with carbon capture and storage systems may increase the efficiency and decrease the harmful emission. This paper describes investigation of the oxidizer type in the integrated gasification combined cycle combustion chamber and its influence upon the energy and environmental performance. The integrated gasification combined cycle and oxy-fuel combustion technology allow the carbon dioxide capture and storage losses 58% smaller than the traditional air combustion one. The IGCC with air combustion without and with carbon dioxide capture and storage has 53.54 and 46.61% and with oxy-fuel combustion has 34.94 and 32.67% net efficiency. Together with this the CO2 emission drops down from 89.9 to 10.6 gm/kWh. The integrated coal gasification combined cycle with air oxidizer has the best net efficiency.
The influence of selenium amount added into the graphite box during the selenization of solution deposited CIGSe thin films.
Authors: Albalawneh G M , Ramli M M , Zain M ZM , Sauli Z 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) semiconductor is an efficient light absorber material for thin-film solar cell technology. The sequential evaporation of precursor solution, followed by the selenization process, is a promising non-vacuum and low-cost approach for CIGSe thin-film fabrication. The main properties of CIGSe thin films are strongly affected by the post-selenization step. Hence, thorough control of selenization parameters is essential for achieving pure crystalline, large grain films needed for high-performance solar cell devices. In this study, the impact of selenium (Se) amount added during the selenization step was evaluated. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of the selenized thin films were investigated. The CIGSe precursor film was deposited by a spin-coating technique using a thiol/amine-based solution, followed by annealing with different Se amounts (100, 200, and 300 mg) within a partially closed small round graphite container. In all cases, uniform films of 1.2–1.5 µm thickness with a well-defined single chalcopyrite phase were obtained. It was observed that the grain size and Se content increased with increasing Se mass added. Moreover, the sample selenized with 200 mg Se resulted in higher surface coverage, thinner fine-grained layer, and less MoSe2 formation than the excess Se samples.
Solar and biomass potential of renewable energy in selected ASEAN countries and Japan
Authors: Ku Azman Shah Ku Nur Afrina , Mohd Yusop Mohd Zamri , Rohani Jafri Mohd , Fadil Nor Akmal , Hasan Mohd Faizal , Mohd Yasin Mohd Fairus , Kamaruzaman Natrah , Engku Abu Bakar Engku Mohd Nazim , Samion Syahrullail , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Manaf Norhuda Abdul , Hartono Budi , Tuyen Nguyen Duc , Masaki Tanemura , Ahmad Abdul Samad , Ramli Ashaari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractASEAN region is believed to have a great potential for biomass and solar energy generation due to its abundance of sunlight, rain, and fertile land. However, these resources are still underutilized as the current rate of renewable energy is relatively low, whereby most countries are still highly emphasizing fossil fuels. The use of fuel without replenishing the fuel source will ultimately deplete the resource in very much the same as fossil fuels currently utilized. While the concept of fuel replenishment seemed simple, the implementation posed a challenge to meet. This is where free energy in the form of solar, wind, wave, underground thermal, and biomass is being harnessed. Therefore, these forms of energy also have certain limitations depending on the geographical and the availability of the sources throughout the region. This study aims to analyze the current potential renewable energy scenario and future prospect of renewable energy resource for biomass and solar energy in selected ASEAN countries and Japan.
Generic review on the potential of nuclear-renewable hybrid system for sustainable power production in Malaysia
Authors: Ariffin Afiq , Basri Nor Afifah , Ramli Ahmad Termizi , Hashim Suhairul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMalaysia is diligently focusing its effort in developing renewable energy technology to diversify its energy sources and ensure security and sustainability in the energy sector. The development of renewable energy sector is expected to achieve 20 percent by the year 2025 to fulfil the aim of lowering greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by the energy industry. It is aligned with the commitment to the Paris Agreement signed in 2015 to reduce the emissions intensity to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 45% relative to 2005 levels by 2030. The rapid development of advance technology in the energy industry paved a new idea of integration of different energy resources for various industrial purposes, including power generation. The hybrid system between nuclear and renewable energy is an innovative application focusing to increase the efficiency and availability of electricity production, as well as providing additional services to industries from the energy generation process in the hybrid power plant. This paper presents the overview of the current scenario in the Malaysia energy industry, renewable energy status, the potential of nuclear-renewable hybrid system and the challenges of nuclear power development in Malaysia.
Dielectric Fourier metasurfaces as wide-angle Y-junction switches
Authors: Antonov Alexander A , Gorkunov Maxim V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dielectric Fourier metasurfaces—thin layers of strongly refracting transparent materials with periodic surface nanoreliefs—are capable of versatile flat-optical functionalities, including anomalous refraction in up to near-grazing directions. Describing the reliefs by a few Fourier coefficients, one can straightforwardly optimize them numerically or, eventually, analytically in terms of the Rayleigh hypothesis. We demonstrate that silicon Fourier metasurfaces supporting anomalous refraction in near-grazing directions can be employed as efficient optical Y-junction switches. Operating in the vicinity of a certain diffraction order cutoff, they can drastically alter the direction of outgoing light due to subtle variations of the optical setup. As examples, we show the possibility to deflect 70%–80% of the power of green light by more than 150 degrees when the incoming beam is inclined by only 2 degrees, or when the relative substrate permittivity is varied by 0.1. We also evaluate the prospects of metasurfaces made of other weaker-refracting transparent materials.
Effects of extrusion ratio and direction on extruded Au nanowires investigated using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wu Cheng-Da , Xu Wei-Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effects of the extrusion ratio (diameter of the extrusion mold inlet divided by that of its outlet) and direction on extruded Au nanowires (NWs) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations based on the embedded-atom method. The effects are investigated in terms of atomic trajectories, common neighbor analysis, flow field, system pressure, and the extruded NW length-pressing ram displacement curve. The simulation results show that for the forward extrusion process, a smaller extrusion ratio leads to a larger diameter of the extruded NW and a smoother cross-sectional profile. Extruded NWs obtained at a smaller extrusion ratio have a higher face-centered cubic fraction and a less disordered structure due to lower system pressure. The adhesion effect between extruded NWs and mold outer walls increases with increasing extrusion ratio, resulting in an uneven appearance of extruded NWs and a decrease in their length. The backward extrusion process can produce amorphous NWs from crystal NWs. The forward extrusion process can produce NWs that are longer than those produced with the backward extrusion process.
On the separability of cyclotomic schemes over finite fields
Authors: Ponomarenko I. 
Published: October 2021

It is proved that with finitely many possible exceptions, each cyclotomic scheme over a finite field is determined up to isomorphism by the tensor of

2
2

-dimensional intersection numbers; for infinitely many schemes, this result cannot be improved. As a consequence, the Weisfeiler–Leman dimension of a Paley graph or tournament is at most

3
3

with possible exception of several small graphs.
Risk of progression to diabetes and mortality in older people with prediabetes: The English longitudinal study on ageing
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Noale Marianna , Sinclair Alan , Barbagallo Mario , Dominguez Ligia J , Smith Lee , Pizzol Damiano , Maggi Stefania 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Prediabetes is used to identify people at increased risk for diabetes. However, the importance of prediabetes in older populations is still poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes, based on either glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels or fasting glucose (FG) levels, or both and the progression of prediabetes to diabetes or to mortality in older participants of the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Materials and methods
Prediabetes was categorized based on HbA1c levels (5.7%–6.4%) and/or FG levels (5.6–7.0 mmol/L). Information regarding mortality and incident diabetes were recorded during follow-up period of 10 years.

Results
In 2027 participants (mean age: 70.6 years, 55.2% females), the prevalence of prediabetes ranged between 5.9% and 31.1%. Over 8 years of follow-up, 189 participants (5.4% of the initial population) developed diabetes and 606 (17.4%) died. Among 1,403 people with HbA1c at the baseline &lt;5.7%, 33 developed diabetes and 138 died; in contrast, among 479 participants with a diagnosis of prediabetes using a value of HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%, 62 developed diabetes and 56 died. Similarly, among 1,657 people with normal values of FG at baseline 60 had a diagnosis of diabetes during follow-up and 163 died, compared to 225 with FG between 5.6 mmol/L and 7.0 mmol/L in which 35 developed diabetes and 31 died.

Conclusion
The prevalence of prediabetes in older adults is high, but the progression from prediabetes to diabetes is uncommon, whereas the regression to normoglycemia or the progression to death was more frequent.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) in the Uninvolved Background Testis, Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ, and Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis
Authors: Ricci Costantino , Franceschini Tania , Giunchi Francesca , Grillini Marco , Ambrosi Francesca , Massari Francesco , Mollica Veronica , Colecchia Maurizio , Fiorentino Michelangelo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has a key role in regulating pluripotency of primordial germ cells and in the development of germ cell tumors of the testis (GCTT). However, its immunohistochemical expression in normal testes and its neoplastic counterpart remain largely unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated the expression of PRAME in 26 cases of GCTT, 21 cases of germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), and 17 cases of uninvolved background testes.

Results
We found that PRAME was expressed more strongly by seminomatous rather than nonseminomatous GCTT (P = .000) and by pure seminoma rather than the seminoma component of seminomatous/nonseminomatous GCTT (P = .025). In addition, GCNIS and uninvolved background testes displayed high levels of PRAME expression.

Conclusions
PRAME is an additional marker for the differential diagnosis of GCTT and could play a key role in the transition from seminomatous to nonseminomatous GCTT.
On the relative efficiency of the intent-to-treat Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test in the presence of noncompliance
Authors: Mao Lu 
Published: October 2021

Summary
A general framework is set up to study the asymptotic properties of the intent-to-treat Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test in randomized experiments with nonignorable noncompliance. Under location-shift alternatives, the Pitman efficiencies of the intent-to-treat Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and $t$ tests are derived. It is shown that the former is superior if the compliers are more likely to be found in high-density regions of the outcome distribution or, equivalently, if the noncompliers tend to reside in the tails. By logical extension, the relative efficiency of the two tests is sharply bounded by least and most favourable scenarios in which the compliers are segregated into regions of lowest and highest density, respectively. Such bounds can be derived analytically as a function of the compliance rate for common location families such as Gaussian, Laplace, logistic and $t$ distributions. These results can help empirical researchers choose the more efficient test for existing data, and calculate sample size for future trials in anticipation of noncompliance. Results for nonadditive alternatives and other tests follow along similar lines.
Overcoming the impacts of two-step batch effect correction on gene expression estimation and inference
Authors: Li Tenglong , Zhang Yuqing , Patil Prasad , Johnson W Evan 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Nonignorable technical variation is commonly observed across data from multiple experimental runs, platforms, or studies. These so-called batch effects can lead to difficulty in merging data from multiple sources, as they can severely bias the outcome of the analysis. Many groups have developed approaches for removing batch effects from data, usually by accommodating batch variables into the analysis (one-step correction) or by preprocessing the data prior to the formal or final analysis (two-step correction). One-step correction is often desirable due it its simplicity, but its flexibility is limited and it can be difficult to include batch variables uniformly when an analysis has multiple stages. Two-step correction allows for richer models of batch mean and variance. However, prior investigation has indicated that two-step correction can lead to incorrect statistical inference in downstream analysis. Generally speaking, two-step approaches introduce a correlation structure in the corrected data, which, if ignored, may lead to either exaggerated or diminished significance in downstream applications such as differential expression analysis. Here, we provide more intuitive and more formal evaluations of the impacts of two-step batch correction compared to existing literature. We demonstrate that the undesired impacts of two-step correction (exaggerated or diminished significance) depend on both the nature of the study design and the batch effects. We also provide strategies for overcoming these negative impacts in downstream analyses using the estimated correlation matrix of the corrected data. We compare the results of our proposed workflow with the results from other published one-step and two-step methods and show that our methods lead to more consistent false discovery controls and power of detection across a variety of batch effect scenarios. Software for our method is available through GitHub (https://github.com/jtleek/sva-devel) and will be available in future versions of the $\texttt{sva}$ R package in the Bioconductor project (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/sva.html).
Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits
Authors: Doss Manoj K , Madden Maxwell B , Gaddis Andrew , Nebel Mary Beth , Griffiths Roland R , Mathur Brian N , Barrett Frederick S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recaptured the imagination of both science and popular culture, and may have efficacy in treating a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Human and animal studies of psychedelic drug action in the brain have demonstrated the involvement of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor and the cerebral cortex in acute psychedelic drug action, but different models have evolved to try to explain the impact of 5-HT2A activation on neural systems.
Two prominent models of psychedelic drug action (the cortico-striatal thalamo-cortical, or CSTC, model and relaxed beliefs under psychedelics, or REBUS, model) have emphasized the role of different subcortical structures as crucial in mediating psychedelic drug effects. We describe these models and discuss gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies in the literature and extensions of both models. We then introduce a third circuit-level model involving the claustrum, a thin strip of grey matter between the insula and the external capsule that densely expresses 5-HT2A receptors (the cortico-claustro-cortical, or CCC, model).
In this model, we propose that the claustrum entrains canonical cortical network states, and that psychedelic drugs disrupt 5-HT2A-mediated network coupling between the claustrum and the cortex, leading to attenuation of canonical cortical networks during psychedelic drug effects.
Together, these three models may explain many phenomena of the psychedelic experience, and using this framework, future research may help to delineate the functional specificity of each circuit to the action of both serotonergic and non-serotonergic hallucinogens.
Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists
Authors: Schneider-Crease India A , Blackwell Aaron D , Kraft Thomas S , Emery Thompson Melissa , Maldonado Suarez Ivan , Cummings Daniel K , Stieglitz Jonathan , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Gurven Michael , Kaplan Hillard , Trumble Benjamin C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and humans share long co-evolutionary histories over which STHs have evolved strategies to permit their persistence by downregulating host immunity. Understanding the interactions between STHs and other pathogens can inform our understanding of human evolution and contemporary disease patterns.

Methodology
We worked with Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, where STHs are prevalent. We tested whether STHs and eosinophil levels—likely indicative of infection in this population—are associated with dampened immune responses to in vitro stimulation with H1N1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. Whole blood samples (n = 179) were treated with H1N1 vaccine and LPS and assayed for 13 cytokines (INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, GM-CSF and TNF-ɑ). We evaluated how STHs and eosinophil levels affected cytokine responses and T helper (Th) 1 and Th2-cytokine suite responses to stimulation.

Results
Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with lower response of some cytokines to H1N1 and LPS in women. Eosinophils were significantly negatively associated with some cytokine responses to H1N1 and LPS, with the strongest effects in women, and associated with a reduced Th1- and Th2-cytokine response to H1N1 and LPS in women and men.

Conclusions and implications
Consistent with the ‘old friends’ and hygiene hypotheses, we find that STHs were associated with dampened cytokine responses to certain viral and bacterial antigens. This suggests that STH infections may play an essential role in immune response regulation and that the lack of STH immune priming in industrialized populations may increase the risk of over-reactive immunity.
Lay Summary: Indicators of helminth infection were associated with dampened cytokine immune responses to in vitro stimulation with viral and bacterial antigens in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, consistent with the ‘old friends’ and hygiene hypotheses.
The impact of subjective vs objective frailty on the effectiveness and safety outcomes in patients from ETNA-AF-Europe registry
Authors: Diemberger I , Fumagalli S , Mazzone A , Kirchhof P , De Caterina R ,   ETNA-AF-Europe
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Since the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with ageing, frail patients tend to require long-term anticoagulation. Anticoagulated frail patients may be at increased risk of major bleeding, which becomes more frequent in the elderly. Therefore, oral anticoagulation is often withheld or discontinued in frail, older patients with AF.

Purpose
To compare patient characteristics and annualised stroke and bleeding event rates in subjectively and objectively frail patients in the overall population included in the ETNA-AF-Europe registry. The 1-year follow-up was based on a snapshot dated 31st October 2019.

Methods
ETNA-AF-Europe is a multinational, multicentre, post-authorisation, observational study conducted in patients with AF following an edoxaban treatment regimen. Subjective frailty was categorised using a yes/no option, as perceived by physicians as a personal global judgement, without any external interference. Objective frailty was assessed using an adapted Modified Frailty Index; a shortened, simplified version of the Frailty Index.

Results
ETNA-AF Europe compiled data from 13,092 patients treated with edoxaban once daily, 10.6% and 5.0% were classified as subjectively and objectively frail, respectively (Table 1). Patients classified as objectively frail were younger, had a higher body mass index and higher CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores compared with the subjectively frail patients (Table 1), showing minimal overlap between the two groups. Stroke, major bleeding, all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were higher in patients classified as frail (Figure 1). Annualised event rates were mostly comparable in subjectively and objectively frail patients, except for higher annualised rates of ischaemic stroke, observed in subjectively frail patients, and higher annualised rates of myocardial infarction in objectively frail patients (Figure 1). The adherence to drug recommendations was similar in the subjectively and objectively frail cohorts (78.0% and 79.1%, respectively), but lower than in the general AF population (82.9%) (Table 1).

Conclusions
The presence of frailty (either subjective or objective) predicts cardiovascular events in anticoagulated patients with AF. A comprehensive assessment of frailty could improve the routine care of patients with AF.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH