bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remibrutinib (LOU064): A selective potent oral BTK inhibitor with promising clinical safety and pharmacodynamics in a randomized phase I trial
Authors: Kaul Martin , End Peter , Cabanski Maciej , Schuhler Carole , Jakab Annamaria , Kistowska Magdalena , Kinhikar Arvind , Maiolica Alessio , Sinn Angela , Fuhr Rainard , Cenni Bruno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSafe and effective new oral therapies for autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory conditions remain a significant therapeutic need. Here, we investigate the human pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of the selective, covalent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, remibrutinib. Study objectives were explored in randomized single and multiple ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) cohorts with daily doses up to 600 mg, and a crossover food effect (FE) cohort, in adult healthy subjects without (SAD [n =80]/FE [n =12]) or with asymptomatic atopic diathesis (MAD [n =64]). A single oral dose of remibrutinib (0.5‒600 mg) was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration = 0.5 h‒1.25 h) with an apparent blood clearance of 280‒560 L/h and apparent volume of distribution of 400‒15,000 L. With multiple doses (q.d. and b.i.d.), no pronounced accumulation of remibrutinib was detected (mean residence time was <3 h). Food intake showed no clinically relevant effect on remibrutinib exposure suggesting no need for dose adaptation. With remibrutinib doses greater than or equal to 30 mg, blood BTK occupancy was greater than 95% for at least 24 h (SAD). With MAD, remibrutinib reached near complete blood BTK occupancy at day 12 predose with greater than or equal to 10 mg q.d. Near complete basophil or skin prick test (SPT) inhibition at day 12 predose was achieved at greater than or equal to 50 mg q.d. for CD63 and at greater than or equal to 100 mg q.d. for SPT. Remibrutinib was well‐tolerated at all doses without any dose‐limiting toxicity. Remibrutinib showed encouraging blood and skin PDs with a favorable safety profile, supporting further development for diseases driven by mast cells, basophils, and B‐cells, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria, allergic asthma, or Sjögren’s syndrome.
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and long‐term cognitive outcome in children born very preterm
Authors: Uusitalo Karoliina , Haataja Leena , Nyman Anna , Lehtonen Tuomo , Setänen Sirkku ,   the PIPARI Study Group
Published: April 2021

AimTo study the association between the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) at age 2 years and neurocognition at age 11 years in children born very preterm. We hypothesized that the HINE at 2 years would be associated with neurocognition, that is, neurological, motor, and cognitive outcomes at 11 years.MethodA total of 174 children (mean gestational age 29.0wks, SD 2.7; minimum 23.0, maximum 35.9; 95 [55%] males, 79 [45%] females) born very preterm (birthweight ≤1500g/gestational age <32wks), were included in a prospective cohort recruited from 2001 to 2006 in Turku, Finland. The HINE was performed at 2 years’ corrected age. Neurocognition at 11 years was assessed with the Touwen neurological examination, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2), and full‐scale IQ (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition).ResultsThe HINE global score was associated with the results of the Touwen neurological examination (odds ratio [OR]=0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–0.9, p=0.001), MABC‐2 (β=1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.2, p<0.001), and full‐scale IQ (β=1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.7, p<0.001), even when adjusted. When children with cerebral palsy (CP) were excluded, the HINE was still associated with full‐scale IQ (unadjusted β=1.2, 95% CI 0.3–2.1, p=0.01).InterpretationA higher HINE global score at 2 years was associated with better general intelligence at 11 years even in children without CP. The HINE may be a useful tool to detect children at risk for later cognitive impairment.
What this paper adds

A Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) global score at 2 years was associated with long‐term neurocognitive function.

Severe cognitive impairment was significantly more common in 11‐year‐old children with complex minor neurological dysfunction compared to typically developing children.

The HINE performed at 2 years detects risks of cognitive impairment at 11 years in children born very preterm.

A higher HINE score at 2 years was associated with better general intelligence at 11 years.
Twitter as an online educational community in the Spanish literature classroom
Authors: Jerónimo Heather , Martin Allysha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch on social media in the foreign language classroom has grown significantly in the last 10 years. However, there continues to be a gap in how social media, Twitter in particular, can be used as a tool to build community within a Spanish as a second‐language literature classroom. The current action research project seeks to address this gap. Set in two rural higher‐education institutions in Iowa and Tennessee, the authors used Twitter as a platform to build an online educational community of language learners. At the conclusion of the semester's guided projects using Twitter, survey responses were gathered from participants in both classes. Twitter was found to not only encourage meaningful communication in the target language, but also to foster community among language learners outside of the classroom, thereby integrating the school and global communities standard of ACTFL's fifth “C,” one of the most elusive of the World‐Readiness Standards for Learning Languages.
Determinants of invertebrate community structure in glacial‐melt streams of southeast Tibet
Authors: Fair Heather , Smiley Peter C. , Lanno Roman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A widely examined predictive model of invertebrate community dynamics in glacial‐melt streams describes longitudinal changes in community structure with changing water temperature and channel stability with increasing distance from glaciers. Previous studies conducted in Europe, Greenland, New Zealand, and South America have supported the predictions of the invertebrate model and contributed to its refinement. However, none has evaluated if the model fits invertebrate community dynamics over a full range of distances from the glacier and water temperature conditions within glacial‐melt streams in southeast Tibet.

We sampled invertebrates and measured water temperature, specific conductivity, turbidity, and associated glacier‐related variables within 14 sites in three subalpine glacial‐melt catchments in southeastern Tibet's Three Parallel Rivers region during 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Our sites encompassed a temperature gradient from the upstream metakryal sites (maximum summer water temperature <2°C) to the furthest downstream site (maximum summer temperature >10°C) near the Mekong River.

We evaluated the relationships of invertebrate community structure with in situ water temperature and channel stability which are the focal habitat variables in the invertebrate model. The additional habitat variables of distance from the glacier, glacier size, conductivity, and turbidity were evaluated to see if these were more important determinants of community structure than in situ water temperature and channel stability.

Minimum and in situ water temperatures were positively correlated with distance from the glacier but Pfankuch Channel Stability Index bottom scores were not. Thus, the physical template within our study area differed from the expected template of the invertebrate model.

Similar to the invertebrate model, in situ water temperature by itself or combined with Pfankuch index best explained five invertebrate response variables. In contrast with the invertebrate model, conductivity and turbidity best explained invertebrate taxa richness, density, and the site scores of the first and second detrended correspondence analysis axes of relative abundance.

The invertebrate model predicts that only Diamesinae will occur in metakryal sites. However, in our metakryal sites we frequently captured 13 taxa (two Nemouridae morphotypes, Diamesinae, Orthocladiinae, Rhyacophila, Epeorus, Taeniopterygidae, Baetis, Capnia, Simuliidae, Limnephilidae, Himalopsyche, and Collembola).

Invertebrate‐habitat relationships and taxa occurrence trends in glacial‐melt catchments in southeast Tibet differed from the invertebrate model predictions. Our findings highlight the need to develop a regional version of the invertebrate model applicable to Asian glacial‐melt streams with unstable stream channels throughout their catchments and that do not freeze in the winter.
Determinants of patient activation and its association with cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Memory Katherine , Lightfoot Courtney J. , Palmer Jared , Smith Alice C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient activation describes the knowledge, skills and confidence in managing one's own health. Promoting patient activation is being prioritized to reduce costs and adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a need to understand the characteristics that influence patient activation and the effect on health outcomes.DesignCross‐sectional study.Setting and participantsPatients with non‐dialysis CKD recruited from 14 sites (general nephrology and primary care) in England, UK.Outcome measuresPatient activation was measured using the PAM‐13. Demographic and health‐related variables, self‐reported symptom burden, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), socioeconomic status (SES), were assessed as determinants of patient activation. Major CVD risk factors included hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity and hyperkalaemia.Results743 patients were included (eGFR: 32.3 (SD17.1) mL/min/1.73 m2, age 67.8 (SD13.9) years, 68% male). The mean PAM score was 55.1 (SD14.4)/100. Most patients (60%) had low activation. Those with low activation were older (P<.001), had lower eGFR (P = .004), greater number of comorbidities (P = .026) and lower haemoglobin (P = .025). Patients with low activation had a 17% greater number of CVD risk factors (P < .001). Risk factors in those with low activation were being older (P < .001) and having diabetes (P < .001).ConclusionThis study showed that only a minority of CKD patients are activated for self‐management. Our findings help better understand the level of activation in these patients, particularly older individuals with multimorbidity, and further the knowledge regarding the characteristics that influence activation.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in the design of main study.
The story vs the storyteller: Factors associated with the effectiveness of brief video‐recorded patient stories for promoting opioid tapering
Authors: Henry Stephen G. , Feng Bo , Verba Susan , Kravitz Richard L. , Iosif Ana‐Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNarrative communication is often more persuasive for promoting health behaviour change than communication using facts and figures; the extent to which narrative persuasiveness is due to patients’ identification with the storyteller vs engagement with the story is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the relative impacts of patient engagement, age concordance and gender concordance on perceived persuasiveness of video‐recorded narrative clips about opioid tapering.MethodsPatient raters watched and rated 48 brief video‐recorded clips featuring 1 of 7 different storytellers describing their experiences with opioid tapering. The dependent variable was clips’ perceived persuasiveness for encouraging patients to consider opioid tapering. Independent variables were rater engagement with the clip, rater‐storyteller gender concordance and rater‐storyteller age concordance (<60 vs ≥60). Covariates were rater beliefs about opioids and opioid tapering, clip duration and clip theme. Mixed‐effects models accounted for raters viewing multiple clips and clips nested within storytellers.ResultsIn multivariable models, higher rater engagement with the clip was associated with higher perceived persuasiveness (coefficient = 0.46, 95% CI 0.39‐0.53,P < .001). Neither age concordance nor gender concordance significantly predicted perceived persuasiveness. The themeProblems with opioidsalso predicted perceived persuasiveness.ConclusionHighly engaging, clinically relevant stories are likely persuasive to patients regardless of the match between patient and storyteller age and gender. When using patient stories in tools to promote health behaviour change, stories that are clinically relevant and engaging are likely to be persuasive regardless of storytellers’ demographics.Patient or public contributionPatients were involved as storytellers (in each clip) and assessed the key study variables.
The emplacement ofin situgreenstones in the northern Hidaka belt: The tectonic relationship between subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific ridge and Hidaka magmatic activity
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Tajika Jun , Yamasaki Toru , Kurita Hiroshi , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGreenstone bodies emplaced upon or into clastic sediments crop out ubiquitously in the Hidaka belt (early Paleogene accretionary and collisional complexes exposed in the central part of northern Hokkaido, NE Japan), but the timing and setting of their emplacement has remained poorly constrained. Here, we report new zircon U–Pb ages for the sedimentary complexes surrounding these greenstones. The Hidaka Supergroup in the northern Hidaka belt is divided into four zones from west to east: zones S, U, and R, which containin situgreenstones; and zone Y, which does not. Detrital zircons in zones S, U, and R have early Eocene U–Pb ages (55–47 Ma) and these strata are intruded by early Eocene granites (46–45 Ma), indicating that they were deposited between 55 and 46 Ma. Therefore,in situgreenstones in the northern Hidaka belt can only be explained by the subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific Ridge during 55–47 Ma. In contrast, the deposition of zone Y (the Yubetsu Group, younging to the west) began by 73–71 Ma, indicating that the accretionary prism in front of the paleo‐Kuril arc formed at the same time as that in the Idonnappu zone and grew continuously until 48 Ma. The plutonic rocks that intruded the Hidaka belt are roughly divided into three stages: (1) early Eocene granites intruded the northern Hidaka belt at 46–45 Ma, during subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific Ridge; (2) the upper sequence of the Hidaka metamorphic zone was metamorphosed by magmatism at 40–37 Ma associated with the collision of the paleo‐Kuril arc and NE Asia; and (3) younger granites intruded the entire Hidaka belt at 20–17 Ma in association with asthenospheric upwelling caused by back‐arc expansion.
Food packaging during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Consumer perceptions
Authors: Kitz Robert , Walker Tony , Charlebois Sylvain , Music Janet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile plastics play an important role in the safety, shelf‐life, and affordability of many foods, their mismanagement as waste presents a serious environmental problem. In 2019, governments in Canada and globally were poised to take legislative action to curb the use of single‐use plastics, with strong public support. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic has since disrupted those initiatives as well as the public sentiment underlying them. The aim of our study is to measure changes in Canadian consumers’ attitudes toward single‐use plastic food packaging, from Summer 2019 to Summer 2020. The methodology relies on two, representative surveys of the Canadian population, carried out in May 2019 (n = 1,094) and in June 2020 (n = 977). Our measures explored potential impacts on consumer perceptions, driven both by new food safety concerns during the pandemic and also by increased price consciousness during a time of economic recession. We found that 55% of respondents were more concerned about food safety since COVID‐19, and that 50% of respondents had become more price conscious when buying groceries. However, we found only a slight decline in motivation to reduce plastics – though with a sharper reduction among males. A stronger shift was seen in attitudes towards policy, where our results show a clear decline in support for tighter regulations or bans on single‐use plastics, along with an increase in consumers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable alternatives. These findings suggest a more difficult road ahead for legislative approaches, but also potential opportunities for market‐based strategies and innovations in the food sector.
Divesting from a Scored Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT): A Cluster Randomized Non‐Inferiority Trial
Authors: Morris Meg E. , Haines Terry , Hill Anne Marie , Cameron Ian D. , Jones Cathy , Jazayeri Dana , Mitra Biswadev , Kiegaldie Debra , Shorr Ronald I. , McPhail Steven M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesWe investigated the impact of ceasing routine falls risk assessment tool (FRAT) completion and instead used clinical reasoning to select fall mitigation strategies.DesignTwo‐group, multi‐site cluster‐randomized active‐control non‐inferiority trial.SettingHospital wards.ParticipantsAdult inpatients admitted to participating hospitals (n = 10 hospitals, 123,176 bed days).InterventionHospitals were randomly assigned (1:1) to a usual care control group that continued to use a historical FRAT to assign falls risk scores and accompanying mitigation strategies, or an experimental group whereby clinicians did not assign risk scores and instead used clinical reasoning to select fall mitigation strategies using a decision support list.MeasurementsThe primary measure was between‐group difference in mean fall rates (falls/1000 bed days). Falls were identified from incident reports supplemented by hand searches of medical records over three consecutive months at each hospital. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of monthly falls rates in control versus experimental hospitals was also estimated.ResultsThe experimental clinical reasoning approach was non‐inferior to the usual care FRAT that assigned fall risk ratings when compared to a‐priori stakeholder derived and sensitivity non‐inferiority margins. The mean fall rates were 3.84 falls/1000 bed days for the FRAT continuing sites and 3.11 falls/1000 bed days for experimental sites. After adjusting for historical fall rates at each hospital, the IRR (95%CI) was 0.78 (0.64, 0.95), where IRR < 1.00 indicated fewer falls among the experimental group. There were 4 and 3 serious events in the control and experimental groups, respectively.ConclusionReplacing a FRAT scoring system with clinical reasoning did not lead to inferior fall outcomes in the short term and may even reduce fall incidence.
Dietary intake and growth in children with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Meade Christina , Martin Ruth , McCrann Ann , Lyons Jacqueline , Roche Edna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe management of Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) requires strict dietary supervision to prevent obesity, avoid micronutrient deficiencies and ensure optimal growth. The present study aimed to examine the growth and dietary intake of children with PWS.MethodsAll children with genetically confirmed PWS attending Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght (n = 44) were invited to participate. Anthropometry was performed and body composition measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Three‐day food diaries were used to evaluate dietary intake and the presence of early feeding issues was assessed. Serum haemoglobin, ferritin and vitamin D levels were measured.ResultsNineteen children participated, with a mean (range) age of 7.6 (0.6–18.1) years. Most were female (n = 14, 74%). Twenty‐percent (n = 3) were underweight, 60% (n = 9) were healthy weight, n = 1 was overweight and n = 2 were obese. Mean (range) percentage body fat was 25.7% (10%–40%). Eigthy‐three percent reported early feeding issues. Ninety‐four percent (n = 16) achieved ≤ 100% of estimated average requirement (EAR) for energy. Mean daily energy intake for ≤ 5 years old was 722 kcal (9 kcal cm–1/72–112% EAR); for those ≥ 12 years, it was 1203 kcal (8.3 kcal cm–1/41%–82% EAR). Suboptimal calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc and fibre intake was evident. Iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin D insufficiency occurred in two children.ConclusionsThe present study provides the first Irish data for PWS and shows that energy intake does not appear to be excessive, with four in five patients being underweight or of a normal BMI. Suboptimal dietary intake of several micronutrients was evident and biochemical nutrient deficiencies were present.
Critical review of global plastics stock and flow data
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Liu Yi , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Zhu Bing , Qu Shen , Xu Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe production, consumption, and waste of plastics have been rapidly growing worldwide in the last decades. A variety of data are needed to characterize plastics stocks and flows across space, time, and life cycle to derive insights for developing strategies to address various sustainability challenges from plastics and plastics waste. Here we review data sources on plastics stocks and flows to identify data gaps and research needs. We categorize the reviewed data sources by life cycle stages of plastics including material production, semi‐manufacturing, manufacturing, additives, consumption, in‐use stock, end‐of‐life, waste treatment, and trade. We identify four data gaps in these existing data for characterizing plastics stocks and flows, including inconsistent classification, missing data, conflicting data, and inexplicit data for plastics products and waste. These data gaps represent critical research needs including common platform for data sharing, standard methods for data reconciliation and estimation, consistent data collection and reporting, and new approaches for data collection and curation. This review establishes the state‐of‐the‐art of plastics stock and flow data and develops a roadmap for a high‐quality, comprehensive characterization of plastics stocks and flows to develop management strategies to address the sustainability challenges of plastics production, consumption, waste, and pollution.