bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving Factors Behind the Social Role of Retail Centers on Recreational Activities&nbsp;
Authors: Baghaee Sepideh , Nosratabadi Saeed , Aram Farshid , Mosavi Amir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Retail centers can be considered as places for interactional and recreational activities and such social roles of retail centers contribute to the popularity of the retail centers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify effective factors encouraging customers to engage with interactional activities and measure how these factors affect customer behavior. Accordingly, two hypotheses were raised illustrating that the travel time (i.e., the time it takes for a customer to reach the retail center) and the variety of shops (in a retail center) increase the percentage of people who spend their leisure time and recreational activities retail centers. Two case studies were conducted in two analogous retail centers, one in Tehran, Iran, and the other in Madrid, Spain. According to the results, there is an interaction between the travel time and the motivation for the presence of people in the retail center. Furthermore, the results revealed that half of both retail center goers who spend more than 10 minutes to reach the retail centers prefer to do leisure activities and browsing than shopping. In other words, the longer it takes a person to get to the center, the more likely he/she is to spend more time in the mall and do more leisure activities. It is also found that there is a significant relationship between the variety of shops in a retail center and the motivation of customers attending a retail center that encourages people to spend their leisure time in retail centers.
Assessing the progress of river restoration in the UK: has ecological condition improved over two decades of intervention?
Authors: Moore Harriet Elizabeth , Mercer Theresa , Pitts Dilkushi de Alwis , Beagley Sam , Naura Marc , Bryden Alex 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context: Habitat condition indicates the immediate success of efforts to revegetate degraded river basins as well as longer-term progress towards improving water quality. In the context of the Water Framework Directive, habitat condition in the UK also reflects how well international environmental policy translates into improved river management domestically. Objectives: 1. To assess whether habitat condition in the UK has improved or declined over the past two decades, 2. To assess whether regions identified by the first WFD assessment have improved or declined. Methods: Statistical and spatial analysis of more than 25,000 habitat condition records collated in the River Habitat Survey over the 1990s and 2000s. Computation of an Index of Change demonstrating the improvement or decline of habitat quality in Local Authorities. Comparison of Indices of Change with a sub-sample of 1,727 WFD assessments conducted in 258 Local Authorities. Results: Measures indicate that habitat quality has declined. Riparian quality has improved. 27 regions were identified with the worst declining quality. Condition has declined most substantially in regions that were previously in ‘good’ condition. Conclusion: Priorities for future investment should include improving degraded sites, protecting high quality sites, and increasing monitoring of ‘data poor’ regions. We offer a framework for decision making, including distinguishing the underlying cause of quality decline. Habitat quality decline in the UK mirrors the experience of European nations and points to systemic challenges associated with implementing international water policy in a national context.
Efficacy of Dual Parenteral Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy for Cerebral Malaria in a Tripple Blinded Randomized Control Trial in Nigerian Children: DUAL PACT TRIAL
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , Orimadegun Adebola Emmanuel , Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Oyenuga Abayomi O , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Gbadero Daniel Adedosu , Okoye Ifeoma Joy , Nna Emmanuel Okechukwu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence exists as to the criticality of the first 24 hours in the management of cerebral malaria. This could serve as a potential safety net for improved outcomes with prompt treatment and utilization of effective therapy. The morbidity and the mortality rate (35%) with the current parenteral monotherapy for the initial treatment of cerebral malaria is unacceptably high. Combination therapy and a shorter course of effective medication have been shown to improve outcomes in human subjects in treatment of other diseases. This study outlines a protocol to conduct a triple blinded randomized control trial on cerebral malaria using dual parenteral medications compared to the current standard of monotherapy.Methods: This is a randomized control triple blinded trial consisting of an intervention and 2 control arms. Eligible and assenting children aged 6 months to 17 years will be recruited from 4 tertiary hospitals by random selection from the list of tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Subjects will be concealed and allocated in parallel into three arms using random numbers generated from GraphPad Prism (version 9) by a Clinical Pharmacologist who has no link with the investigators, the patients, or the statistician. The parasite load and clearance, fever defervesence, C reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood glucose, electrocardiograms and time to regain consciousness will be monitored. The socio-demographic and clinical details of all patients will be documented. The study will be conducted in line with Declaration of Hesinki 2013. Appropriate statistical tools will be used for data collection and analysis.Discussion:The outcome of this analysis will give insight into the efficacy of dual parenteral antimalaria in the treatment of cerebral malaria among Nigerian children compared with standard of care. The safety profile of this intervention would also be highlighted. This may help inform Physicians on the optimal treatment for cerebral malaria to improve outcomes, prevent development of resistance, recrudescence, treatment failure and stimulate interest of pharmaceutical companies in the development of newer formulations of dual parenteral antimalarial combination therapies. Trial registration: This study was registered in the Pan Africa Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202102893629864).
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Presented with Reactive Arthritis and Erythema Nodosum: Case Report from Iraq
Authors: Gorial Faiq I. , J. Farah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that involves the development of an inflammatory mass in the breast, which may be difficult to differentiate from malignancy. Few patients have been reported in the literature presenting with arthritis accompanying IGM of breast. Here we report a case of Iraqi patient presented as IGM with reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum.
Intestinal Microbiota Plays Important Effect on Severity of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Shen Chenguang , Xu Yi , Ji Jingkai , Wei Jinli , Jiang Yujin , Yang Yang , Yang Minghui , Huang Huaxin , Zou Rongrong , Fang Chunxiao , Zeng Fansen , Yang Fengxia , Wang Xinfa , Yuan Jing , Li Jianmin , Wang Xianfeng , Yang Huanming , Gong Sitang , Wang Hui , Xia Huimin , Ma Jinmin , Liu yingxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has increased in recent years, making it a very common childhood illness worldwide. The relationship between different enterovirus genotypes and disease severity is not clearly understood. Given that enteroviruses are transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesized that variation in intestinal microorganisms of the host might play a role in the prognosis of HFMD. Methods. We carried out a meta-transcriptomic-wide association study of fecal samples obtained from a cohort of children (254 patients, 227 tested positive for enterovirus, including 16 patient co-infection with 2 kinds of enterovirus) with mild and severe HFMD and healthy controls. Results. We found there was no significant difference in the amount of each virus type between the mild and severe cases. Genes of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A (CV-A) from the severe and mild cases did not show significant clustering. Clostridium sp. L2-50 and Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 were enriched in the guts of children with severe HFMD and KEGG enrichment was found between mild and severe cases.Conclusions. Intestinal microorganisms appear to interact with enterovirus to determine the progression of HFMD. Genes of Bacteroides and Clostridium may be used as predictive markers for a more efficient prognosis and intervention. The enrichment of intestinal bacteria genes with functions may facilitate the development of severe symptoms for HFMD patients.
Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Tonga: A Qualitative Investigation of the barriers and enablers to lifestyle management
Authors: Taumoepeau Jennifer , Knight-Agarwal Cathy , Tu'i 'Esiteli , Jani Rati , Osuagwu Levi U , Simmons Professor David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite the increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Tonga little is known of the experiences of adults living with this non-communicable disease. This investigation aimed to explore the barriers and enablers to healthy lifestyles in a group of men and women living with type 2 diabetes mellitus residing in this pacific island nation.Methods and Study Design: This qualitative study consisted of three semi-structured focus groups (n = 16) which were conducted at Tonga’s only Public Hospital located in the capital, Nuku’alofa. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, cross-checked for consistency and entered into a word processing document for further scrutiny. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In any phenomenological study the researcher’s objective is to elicit the participant’s views on their lived experiences.Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) Knowledge and Support; (2) Fear and Motivation; 3) Environment; and (4) Faith and Culture.Conclusion: The qualitative findings from this study may assist the future development and dissemination of culturally appropriate lifestyle-related information for men and women living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom Tonga. The need for collaboration between practitioners at the hospital, the church, family members and local traditional healers is important if the lifestyle-related needs and wants of this group of people are to be met.
Investigating the molecular processes behind the cell-specific toxicity response to titanium dioxide nanobelts
Authors: Winckers Laurent Alijda , Willighagen Egon L , Evelo Chris T , Kutmon Martina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BackgroundWhereas several engineered nanomaterials are able to incite toxicological effects, the underlying molecular processes are understudied. And the varied physicochemical properties complicate toxicological predictions. Gene expression data allow us to study the cell-specific responses of individual genes, whereas their role in biological processes is harder to interpret. An overrepresentation analysis allows us to identify enriched biological processes and link the experimental data to these, but still prompt broad results which complicates the analysis of detailed toxicological processes. We demonstrated a targeted filtering approach to compare the cell-specific effects of two concentrations of the widely used nanomaterial titanium dioxide (TiO2) -nanobelts.MethodsWe compared public gene expression data generated by Tilton et al. from colon endothelium cells (Caco2), lung endothelium cells (SAE), and monocytic like cells (THP1) after 24-hour exposure to low (10 μg/ml) and high (100 μg/ml) concentrations of TiO2 -nanobelts. We used pathway enrichment analysis of the WikiPathways collection to identify cell and concentration-specific affected pathways. Gene sets from selected Gene Ontology terms (apoptosis, inflammation, DNA damage response and oxidative stress) highlighted pathways with a clear toxicity focus. Finally, pathway-gene networks were created to show the genetic overlap between the altered toxicity-related pathways.ResultsAll cell lines showed more differentially expressed genes after exposure to higher concentration, but our analysis found clear differences in affected molecular processes between the cell lines. Approximately half of the affected pathways are categorized with one of the selected toxicity-related processes. Caco2 cells show resilience to low and high concentrations. SAE cells display some cytotoxic response to the high concentration, while THP1 cells are already strongly affected at a low concentration. The networks show for up- and downregulation for the THP1 cells the most pathways. Additionally, the networks show gene overlap between almost all pathways for all conditions.ConclusionsThe approach allowed us to focus the analysis on affected cytotoxic processes and highlight cell-specific effects. The results showed that Caco2 cells are more resilient to TiO2 -nanobelts exposure compared to SAE cells, while THP1 cells were affected the most. The automated workflow can be easily adapted using other Gene Ontology terms focusing on other biological processes.
Knowledge, Awareness and Associated factors of Telemedicine Services among Health Professionals Working at Amhara Region Referral hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2020.
Authors: Assaye Bayou Tilahun , Jemere Adamu Takele , Nigatu Araya Mesfin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: -Telemedicine is the delivery of healthcare services at a distance. Despite it is an emerging and infancy technology in a developing country, utilizing the technology for delivering healthcare services is low in Ethiopia. To maximize and facilitate Telemedicine adoption it prominently requires information about the knowledge and awareness of telemedicine services among health professionals.Methods: - An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 423 health professionals working at Amhara Region Referral Hospitals from February 12-March 20/2020. The data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire. Desk review was done to assure the data quality and then data was entered into EPI INFO version 7 and exported into SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to identify associated factors.Result: About 56% of health professionals had good knowledge and 57.4% had high awareness towards telemedicine services with 411 (97.2%) response rate. Information sharing culture [AOR=3.01, 95% CI: 1.89, 4.80], having IT support staff [AOR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.29], internet as information source [AOR=1.80, 95%CI:1.1, 2.94], awareness [AOR=1.35,95% CI: 1.03, 2.40], being male [AOR=1.73,95% CI:1.06, 2.81] were significantly associated with the knowledge of the respondents towards telemedicine services and telemedicine training [AOR= 2.33, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.72] and computer accessibility in their hospitals [AOR= 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.35] were significantly associated with the awareness of the respondents towards telemedicine services.Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had good knowledge and high awareness of telemedicine services. Information source, having IT support staff, information sharing culture, gender and awareness were significant factors for the knowledge of telemedicine service and telemedicine training and computer access were significant factors of awareness of health professionals towards telemedicine services. Therefore Appropriate and regular awareness creation training of telemedicine systems should be given to the health professional.
A scoping review of global vaccine certificate solutions for COVID-19
Authors: Mithani Salima S. , Bota A. Brianne , Zhu David T. , Wilson Kumanan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, measures such as lockdown, quarantining, and physical distancing have been implemented to curb the spread of COVID-19. As the vaccines are now available and reintegration into society is beginning, measures such as vaccine certificates are being implemented around the world.Objective: The objective of the scoping review is to identify the existing digital solutions available globally for COVID-19 vaccine certificates and evaluate them on the basis of purpose and use case, technological architecture, and ethical and legal implications.Methods: We conducted a Google search as well as a search of Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and preprint servers (MedRXIV, BioRXIV). The search terms used were “coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, “SARS COV2”, “immunization passport”, “immunization certificate”, “vaccine certificate”, “vaccination certificate” and “digital”. Articles were included for review if they included any discussion of a digital solution for vaccine certificates and English language. Data was extracted using an electronic data extraction form and included date, location, type of article, source, companies identified, technology used, type of evidence provided, digital architecture, security and privacy measures, and use cases. The articles were categorized based on the following six pre-identified themes: 1) legal, 2) technology, 3) ethics, 4) travel, 5) policy, and 6) science. Results: A total of 70 articles were included in the final analysis. Technology emerged as the most dominant theme, appearing in 58.5% (n=41) articles followed by ethics (n=22, 31%), travel (n=21, 30%), legal concerns (n=10, 14%), public policy (n=9, 13%), and scientific concerns (n=1, 1.5%. Our review identified 8 global solutions that are working towards COVID-19 vaccine certificate, all optimizing blockchain technology. COVID-19 vaccine certificates are being considered in 13 countries and are in place in 3 countries. All the solutions we identified are using blockchain technology.Conclusion: Several countries have implemented or are considering COVID-19 vaccine certificates. Many issues concerning the themes we identified remain to be addressed to facilitate successful implementation.
Decoding the dynamic of poleward shifting climate zones using aqua-planet model simulation
Authors: Yang Hu , Lu Jian , Shi Xiaoxu , Wang Qiang , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Growing evidence implies that the atmospheric and oceanic circulation experiences a systematic poleward shift in a warming climate. However, the complexity of climate system, including the coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere, natural climate variability and land-sea distribution, tends to obfuscate the causal mechanism underlying the circulation shift. Here, using an idealized coupled aqua-planet model, we explore the mechanism of the shifting circulation, by isolating the contributing factors from the direct CO2 forcing, the indirect ocean surface warming, and the wind-stress feedback from the ocean dynamics. We find that, in contrast to direct CO2 forcing, an enhanced subtropical ocean warming plays a leading role in driving the circulation shift. This enhanced subtropical ocean warming emerges from the background Ekman convergence of surface anomalous heat in the absence of the ocean dynamical change. It expands the tropical warm water zone, causes a poleward shift of the meridional temperature gradients, hence forces a corresponding shift in the atmospheric circulation. The shift in the atmospheric circulation in turn drives a shift in the ocean circulation. Our simulations, despite being idealized, capture the main features of observed climate changes, for example, the enhanced subtropical ocean warming, poleward shift of the patterns of near-surface wind, sea level pressure, storm tracks, precipitation and large-scale ocean circulation, implying that increase in greenhouse gas concentrations not only raises the temperature, but can also systematically shift the climate zones poleward.
Impact of relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin in adjuvant therapy among stage III colon cancer patients on early recurrence: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Żok Jolanta , Bieńkowski Michał , Radecka Barbara , Korniluk Jan , Adamowicz Krzysztof , Duchnowska Renata 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxaliplatin-based therapy with FOLFOX-4 or CAPOX administered over 6 months remains the standard adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer (CC) patients. However, many patients experience dose reduction or early termination of chemotherapy due to oxaliplatin toxicity, which may increase the risk of early recurrence. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin (RDI-O) and early recurrence among stage III CC patients.Methods: The study included 365 patients treated at five oncology centers in Poland between 2000 and 2014. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model; multivariate analysis was performed with the stepwise forward approach. For all analyses the α level of 0.05 was employed. Results: The median follow-up was 51.8 months (range 8.2-115.1). Early recurrence <36 months after surgery occurred in 130 patients (37.8%). In this group 51 (39.2%) and 87 (66.9%) of patients were low and high-risk, respectively. Receipt <60% of RDI-O was associated with early recurrence within 18 months after surgery (OR=2.05; 95%CI: 1.18-3.51; p=0.010), especially in low-risk group (HR=1.56 (95%CI: 0.96-2.53), p=0.07). In the multivariate analysis early recurrence was correlated with grade (OR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.25-4.8; p=0.008), pN (OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.55-4.54; p<0.001), the number of lymph nodes harvested (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.29-0.86; p=0.013) and RDI-O (OR=1.91; 95%CI: 1.06-3.39; p=0.028). The early vs. late recurrence negatively correlated with OS regardless of the RDI-O (HR=22.9 (95%CI: 13.9-37.6; p<0.001).Conclusions: RDI-O <60% in adjuvant therapy among stage III CC (especially in low-risk group) increases the risk of early recurrence within 18 months of surgery. Patients with early recurrence showed worse overall survival regardless of the RDI-O.