bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Bacteriology of Burn Wound Infections in Burn Patients and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Nazir Asifa , Bashir Humaira , Aleem Seema , Khan Shoaib Mohmad 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The burn wound represents a susceptible site for opportunistic colonization by organisms of endogenous and exogenous origin. Burn wound infections are an important cause of mortality, morbidity and prolonged hospitalization in burn patients and the causative agent is generally a multidrug resistant organism. The pattern of microbial flora infecting burn wound varies according to geographical pattern as well as with duration of hospital stay. The main aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of burn wound isolates.
Study Design: It was a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, from December 2019 to November 2020.
Methodology: Swabs were taken from burn wound of 351 patients and cultured aerobically. Samples were processed for identification and sensitivity. Bacteria isolated were identified using their morphological characteristics, Gram staining reaction and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: A total of 351 samples were obtained for the study out of which, the most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae – 154 (38.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 133 (33.08%), Proteus sp – 42( 10.44%) , Acinetobacter sp- 26 (6.46%), Staphylococcus aureus - 26 (6.46%), Escherichia coli - 17 (4.22%), Enterococcus - 2 (0.49%), and Providencia sp- 2 (0.49%). Colistin was the most effective drug against Gram negative organisms while as linezolid was most effective against Gram positives.
Conclusion: The finding of the study will be helpful for identifying the common bacteria causing burn wound infection and also to take proper precautions to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Prevelance of Common Organisms Involved in Acute Appendicitis in Althowra Hospital, Elbyda, Libya
Authors: Mohamed Salma S. , Musbah Nasser , Sergaiwa Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Background: Bacteria have been involved in the aetiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis. The known of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity mode will assist in modulating treatment regime for acute appendicitis.
Aim: This study aimed to find out the incidence of the offending organisms in acute appendicitis to determine the most effective antibiotic in a local population in Albyda city.
Methods: Patients with acute appendicitis presenting between January 2019 and December 2019 were studied, At surgery 1cm rim of appendix was cut from the base and sent into the transport medium. The specimen was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed.
Results: Sixty patients were conscript; Escherchia coli, gram negative bacilli were the commonest organism isolated. They were sensitive to) ciprofluxacin (65%), chloramphnical (60%) and third generation cephalosporins (52%) resistant to amoxycilin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline. The anaerobes were sensitive to metronidazole (96.5%).
Prevalence and Predictors of Adherence to Self-Care Practices among Heart Failure Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Qureshi Nazuk Eraj , Batra Simran , Haque Muhammad Tanzeel Ul , Saquib Javeria , Qureshi Noorulain , Rathi Parversh Kumar , Kumari Raveena , Feroze Anushe Mohsin , Khemani Deepika , Usman Muhammad Abdullah , Farhan Syed Ahmed , Shahab Iqra , Zaki Umaima 
Published: February 2021

Aims: Congestive heart failure affects about five million Americans and has become an increasingly frequent reason for hospital admission during the last two decades. It represents a significant health problem. The aim of this study was to enumerate the frequency of self-care and to study the factors affecting adherence to self-care in patients with heart failure.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine in three public sector hospitals of Karachi, between March 2020 and September 2020.
Methodology: In this study, 187 heart failure patients from three hospitals were surveyed with consent. Demographic details of the participants were also collected, which included gender, mean age, BMI, education, living and marital status, smoking history, an ejection fraction <40, cancer, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery bypass graft procedure in patients. The data were analyzed through SPSS v. 25.0 using an adherence scale. A cumulative score of ≥32/40 (80%) was termed as good adherence. In an individual question, a score of four or five and zero to three inclusive was taken as good and poor adherence, respectively.
Results: It was found that patients who were not educated (65.8%, n=123), with age > 65years (67.4%, n=126) and with no history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (94.1%, n=176) had a significantly bad impact on heart-failure self-care (P-value<0.05). Good adherence was seen in 16.6% of the patients (n=31). Hence, most of the patients were non-adherent.
Conclusion: There is an urgent need to counsel patients regarding heart failure self-care for a better prognosis of the disease. Government and doctors together should take part in enlightening the issue.
In-vivo Hypoglycemic Activity of Grewia asiatica Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin Mediated Diabetic Rats
Authors: Akram Zuneera , Noreen Aisha , Hussain Muzammil , Inayat Maryam , Akhter Sobia , Farooqi Usman Ghani , Akram Anum , Sabzoi Waqar Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus has high global prevalence and occurrence and is considered to bean endocrinological and/or metabolic disorder. Conventional drug treatment is costly and has toxic side effects, although it is successful in treating diabetes mellitus. If effective and less toxic, herbal medicine will thus include alternative therapy. This research has been designed to investigate the role of Grewia asiatica extract in the control of diabetes in male albino rats with Streptozotocin mediated type 2 diabetes. Grewia asiatica fruit extract at a dose of 200mg/kg was given to Streptozotocin mediated type II DM Rats. A known anti-diabetic drug, Glibenclamide has been used as a standard drug. The method of the research was to monitor the effect of Grewia asiatica on the blood glucose level of Rats. In this study, Rats were split into four categories i.e. Control, Streptozotocin treated, Streptozotocin + Glibenclamide treated and Streptozotocin +Grewia asiatica extract-treated group. Grewia asiatica fruit extract significantly improve the blood glucose levels as compared to the standard drug Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin mediated diabetic group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Grewia asiatica may be used in the treatment of diabetes or decreasing the elevated level of blood sugar.
Ultra‐Conformable Ionic Skin with Multi‐Modal Sensing, Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Regenerative Capabilities for Smart and Expedited Wound Care
Authors: Lin Xiao , Mao Yuxuan , Li Peng , Bai Yanjie , Chen Tao , Wu Kang , Chen Dandan , Yang Huilin , Yang Lei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile rapid wound healing is essential yet challenging, there is also an unmet need for functional restoration of sensation. Inspired by natural skin, an ultra‐conformable, adhesive multi‐functional ionic skin (MiS) with multi‐modal sensing capability is devised for smart and expedited wound care. The base of MiS is a unique skin‐like, conductive and self‐adaptive adhesive polyacrylamide/starch double‐network hydrogel (PSH) and self‐powered, flexible, triboelectric sensor(s) is integrated on top of PSH for multi‐tactile sensing. MiS could enhance wound contraction, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and epidermis formation in a full‐thickness skin defect wound model in vivo, while significantly inhibiting the biofilm formation of a wide range of microorganisms. MiS also exhibits multi‐modal sensing capability for smart and instant therapeutics and diagnostics, including skin displacement or joint motion, temperature, pressure and tissue exudate changes of wound bed, and locally releasing drugs in a pH‐responsive manner. More importantly, MiS could restore the skin‐mimicking tactile sensing function of both touch location and intensity, and thus could be used as a human‐machine interface for accurate external robotic control. MiS demonstrates a new comprehensive paradigm of combining wound diagnosis and healing, broad‐spectrum anti‐microbial capability and restoration of multi‐tactile sensing for the reparation of severe wound.
A multiple‐standards framework to address externalities resulting from meat production
Authors: Vissers Luuk S. M. , Jongeneel Roel A. , Saatkamp Helmut W. , Oude Lansink Alfons G. J. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article develops a framework for assessing the implementation of standards in a context of multiple negative externalities resulting from meat production. The framework is applied to the introduction of the New Dutch Retail Standard in the Dutch broiler market, a standard on animal welfare initiated by the private sector with national coverage. The results show that this standard did not lower producer, retailer, and consumer welfare; rather, social welfare increased by approximately 300 million euros. The framework provides a sound scientific basis for an ex ante analysis on the market potential of multiple standards.JEL CLASSIFICATIOND62; Q13; Q18
Evaluation of five bermudagrass cultivars fertigated with swine lagoon effluent
Authors: Spearman Rebecca L. , Castillo Miguel S. , Sosinski Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay is an important output from land receiving swine (Sus scrofa) effluent application (also known as spray fields); however, there is limited information about cultivar differences in the upper Southeast United States. Herbage accumulation, nutritive value, tissue nitrate concentration, and stem maggot damage were evaluated for five bermudagrass cultivars (‘Coastal’, ‘Midland 99’, ‘Ozark’, ‘Tifton 44’, and ‘Tifton 85’) fertigated with swine effluent throughout three growing seasons (2016, 2017, and 2018). All cultivars achieved canopy height ≥35 cm by July and cover of 100% by August of year of planting. Based on 3‐yr averages, Tifton 85 (9.3 Mg ha–1) had greater herbage accumulation than cultivars Coastal, Ozark, and Tifton 44 (≈7.9 Mg ha–1), and Midland 99 was intermediate (8.5 Mg ha–1). Bermudagrass stem maggot (Atherigona reversura) damage was consistently lower for Tifton 85 and resulted in larger differences in herbage accumulation in 2017 (11.2 vs. 8.4 Mg ha–1 for Tifton 85 and the other cultivars, respectively). There were moderate differences in crude protein concentration (ranged from 179 to 212 g kg–1) and no difference in total digestible nutrients (622 g kg–1). Tissue nitrate concentrations ranged from 3,433 to 16,168 mg NO3– kg–1. Differences in productivity and nutritive value were moderate among cultivars; however, in areas with potentially high bermudagrass stem maggot damage, greater utilization of Tifton 85, if adapted, is warranted. Hay production from spray fields results in high yields and high nutritive value forage. Frequent nitrate testing, if possible by harvested hay lot, is advised.
Perennial grass ley rotations with annual crops in tropical Africa: A review
Authors: Wortmann C. S. , Bilgo A. , Kaizzi C. K. , Liben F. , Garba M. , Maman N. , Serme I. , Stewart Z. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRotation of grass ley with periods of annual crop production can be a means to increased farming system productivity, sustainability, and profitability. This research review offers interpretations of rotation research results for future African agriculture. Some rotation studies were with naturally generated and severely over‐grazed fallows consisting primarily of annual plant species but other studies were with planted and well‐managed perennial grass ley. Generally, the rotations increased annual crop yields with soil improvement. System benefits were similar or greater for ley compared with fallow with generally higher fodder yields with ley. Surface crusting of sandy soil in the Sahel is a major concern that may be worsened by fallow due to the deposition of clay and silt particles. Ley and fallow were terminated in all studies with inversion plow tillage with more tillage for subsequent crops while the rotation benefits may be greater with less tillage. Most studies did not have fertilizer use but annual crop yield response to fertilizer was greatly increased following ley in one study and with no system by fertilizer interaction effect in three studies. The profitability of ley rotations will vary with fodder demand which is rapidly increasing, especially near urban areas. Strip cropping, for example, alternate ley with annual crop strips of 5–20 m width and rotation cycles of 6–10 yr, may often be optimal for erosion control and sediment trapping, protection from uncontrolled grazing, and nearby supply of vegetative planting material for ley re‐establishment. Rotation management can be improved through experiential learning and experimentation.
“The Heidelberg Five” personality dimensions: Genome‐wide associations, polygenic risk for neuroticism, and psychopathology 20 years after assessment
Authors: Heilbronner Urs , Papiol Sergi , Budde Monika , Andlauer Till F. M. , Strohmaier Jana , Streit Fabian , Frank Josef , Degenhardt Franziska , Heilmann‐Heimbach Stefanie , Witt Stephanie H. , Forstner Andreas J. , Loerbroks Adrian , Amelang Manfred , Stürmer Til , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Nöthen Markus M. , Rietschel Marcella , Schulze Thomas G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeiDE is a longitudinal population‐based study that started in the 1990s and, at baseline, assessed an array of health‐related personality questionnaires in 5133 individuals. Five latent personality dimensions (The Heidelberg Five) were identified and interpreted as Emotional Lability (ELAB), Lack of Behavioral Control (LBCN), Type A Behavior (TYAB), Locus of Control over Disease (LOCC), and Psychoticism (PSYC). At follow‐up, 3268 HeiDE participants (post‐QC) were genotyped on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. To further characterize The Heidelberg Five, we analyzed genomic underpinnings, their relations to the genetic basis of the Big Five trait Neuroticism, and longitudinal associations with psychiatric symptoms at follow‐up. SNP‐based heritability was significant for ELAB (34%) and LBCN (29%). A genome‐wide association study for each personality dimension was conducted; only the phenotype PSYC yielded a genome‐wide significant finding (p < 5 × 10−8, top SNP rs138223660). Gene‐based analyses identified significant findings for ELAB, TYAB, and PSYC. Polygenic risk scores for Neuroticism were only associated with ELAB. Each of The Heidelberg Five was related to depressive symptoms at follow‐up. ELAB, LBCN, and PSYC were also associated with lifetime anxiety symptoms. These results highlight the clinical importance of health‐related personality traits and identify LBCN as a heritable “executive function” personality trait.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Cyclization of Carbonyl Compounds for the Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1‐a]isoindoles
Authors: Asako Sobi , Kobayashi Takafumi , Ishihara Seina , Takai Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simple catalytic system consisting of Mo(0) and ortho‐quinone as catalyst and phosphine as a reductant has been developed for the synthesis of pyridoisoindoles and pyridoisoindolium salts through the deoxygenation of carbonyl compounds.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐Dihomoallylic Phosphonates with Quaternary Carbon Center by Palladium‐Catalyzed Bisallylation of Vinylethyene Carbonates with β‐Ketophosphonates
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Ke Miaolin , Zhang Ke , Zuo Sheng , Jiang Meifen , Chen Fener 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed bisallylation of vinylethylene carbonates with β‐ketophosphonates to access to (Z)‐trisubstituted dihomoallylic phosphonates bearing a quaternary carbon center with good regio‐ and stereoselectivity is reported. This operationally simple protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance to deliver valuable dihomoallylic phosphonates.
Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts through Scholl Reactions
Authors: Xia Zeming , Pun Sai Ho , Chen Han , Miao Qian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZigzag carbon nanobelts are a long‐sought‐after target for organic synthesis. Herein we report new strategies for designing and synthesizing unprecedented zigzag carbon nanobelts, which present a wave‐like arrangement of hexagons in the unrolled lattice of (n,0) single wall carbon nanotubes (n=16 or 24). The precursors of these zigzag carbon nanobelts are hybrid cyclic arylene oligomers consisting ofmeta‐phenylene and 2,6‐naphthalenylene as well aspara‐phenylene units. The Scholl reactions of these cyclic arylene oligomers form multiple carbon‐carbon bonds selectively at the α‐positions of naphthalene units resulting in the corresponding zigzag carbon nanobelts. As monitored with fluorescence spectroscopy, one of these nanobelts binds C60with an association constant as high as (6.6±1.1)×106 M−1in the solution in toluene. Computational studies combining linear regression analysis and hypothetical homodesmotic reactions reveal that these zigzag nanobelts have strain in the range of 67.5 to 69.6 kcal mol−1, and the ladderization step through Scholl reactions is accompanied by increase of strain as large as 69.6 kcal mol−1. The successful synthesis of these nanobelts demonstrates the powerfulness and efficiency of Scholl reactions in synthesizing strained polycyclic aromatics.
Formate Dehydrogenases Reduce CO2 Rather than HCO3−: An Electrochemical Demonstration
Authors: Meneghello Marta , Oliveira Ana Rita , Jacq‐Bailly Aurore , Pereira Inês A. C. , Léger Christophe , Fourmond Vincent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMo/W formate dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible reduction of CO2 species to formate. It is thought that the substrate is CO2 and not a hydrated species like HCO3−, but there is still no indisputable evidence for this, in spite of the extreme importance of the nature of the substrate for mechanistic studies. We devised a simple electrochemical method to definitively demonstrate that the substrate of formate dehydrogenases is indeed CO2.
Hydrolysis of Aliphatic Bis‐isonitriles in the Presence of a Polar Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrrole Container
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Escobar Luis , Ballester Pablo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report binding studies of an octa‐pyridinium super aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrrole receptor with neutral difunctional aliphatic guests in water. The guests have terminal isonitrile and formamide groups, and the complexes display an inclusion binding geometry and 1:1 stoichiometry. Using 1H NMR titrations and ITC experiments, we characterized the dissimilar thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the complexes. The bis‐isonitriles possess independent reacting groups, however, in the presence of 1 equiv of the receptor the hydrolysis reaction produces mixtures of non‐statistical composition and a significant decrease in reaction rates. The selectivity for the mono‐formamide product is specially enhanced in the case of the bis‐isonitrile having a spacer with five methylene groups. The analysis of the kinetic data suggests that the observed modifications in reaction rates and selectivity are related to the formation of highly stable inclusion complexes in which the isonitrile is hidden from bulk water molecules. The concentration of the reacting substrates in the bulk solution is substantially reduced by binding to the receptor. In turn, the hydrolysis rates of the isonitrile groups for the bound substrates are slower than in the bulk solution. The receptor acts as both a sequestering and supramolecular protecting group.
Aramid fiber reinforcedEPDMmicrocellular foams: Influence of the aramid fiber content on rheological behavior, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and cellular structure
Authors: Wen Huayin , Wang Min , Luo Shikai , Zhou Yuanlin , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, aramid fiber (AF)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) microcellular foams added with different content of AF are prepared by the supercritical foaming method. The effect of the AF content on the rheological behavior, mechanical properties, thermal properties and cellular structure of the AF/EPDM microcellular foams has been systematically studied. The research illustrates that compared with pure EPDM, the AF/EPDM matrix has greater viscosity and modulus, which is conducive to reduce the cell size and increase its density. And the thermal stability of EPDM foams is improved with the addition of aramid fiber. Meanwhile, when the content of AF is added to 1 wt%, the AF/EPDM microcellular foam exhibits a relatively low thermal diffusion coefficient and apparent density with the thermal conductivity to 0.06 W/mK. When the AF is added to 5 wt%, the tensile strength of the AF/EPDM microcellular foam increases to 1.95 MPa, which is improved by 47% compared with that of the pure EPDM foam. Furthermore, when the compressive strain reaches to 50%, the compressive strength of the AF/EPDM microcellular foam is 0.48 MPa, improved by 296% compared with that of the pure EPDM foam.
Calendering of Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2‐Based Cathodes: Analyzing the Link Between Process Parameters and Electrode Properties by Advanced Statistics
Authors: Primo Emiliano N. , Touzin Matthieu , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe optimization of the calendering process represents one of the key tasks for tuning the lithium‐ion battery performance. In this study, we present a systematic statistical‐based study of the three main calendering parameters (namely, the applied pressure, roll temperature, and line speed) effect on the porosity, electrode mechanical properties and electronic conductivity. Our work main goal is to understand how by changing the calendering parameters, the electrode properties can be tuned and up to which degree they determine the electrode capacity of Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2‐based cathodes. The statistical tools used for the analysis were the analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA), the principal components analysis (PCA), and the unsupervised machine learning k‐means clustering algorithm. Our results showed that while porosity and the mechanical properties depend mainly on the applied pressure, the electrode's conductivity correlates mainly with the temperature. All of them were found to influence the cathode's capacity (at a rate equal to C), being the best condition applied pressures between 60 and 120 MPa and roll temperatures between 60 and 75 °C.