bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias: Racial and Regional Variations
Authors: Martin Roy , Shan Liang , Geldmacher David , Pilonieta Giovanna , Kennedy Richard , Oates Gabriela , Pisu Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To examine whether racial and regional social determinants of health disparities exist for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We identified 115,879 African American (AA) and White older adults with ADRD (10% from the Deep South) from administrative claims data for a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (2013-2015). We examined racial and regional differences across sociodemographic characteristics, county-level linked poverty indicators, medical resource availability categories, insurances quality indicators. Social context differences were found between regions including Deep South older adults with ADRD having higher economic impoverishment and lower access rates to specialty medical care services. Older Deep South AA had higher Medicare/Medicaid eligibility rates and less medical access. Significant socioeconomic disparities exist between Deep South and other US regions across several social determinant factors in older adults with ADRD. Social context differences were especially prominent for older Deep South AA with ADRD.
Can We Do Better for Older Adult Research Participants? Clinical Trial Improvements Prompted by a Global Pandemic
Authors: Stark Susy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Retaining older adults in clinical trials has often been a challenge for researchers. Clinical trial procedures, aimed at improving fidelity, often offer barriers to frail older adults who have challenges traveling to medical centers and enduring long clinical assessment visits. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we modified the procedures of two randomized controlled trials. COMPASS: A novel transition program to reduce disability after stroke is a clinical trial examining the efficacy of a transition home program that provides home modifications and self-management strategies compared to stroke education. HARP: Removing home hazards for older adults living in affordable housing is a pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of a home hazard removal program for residents of low-income housing. Modifications to the trials were designed to reduce human contact but in some cases reduced the burden on trial participants. Modified procedures addressed retention, assessment of endpoints and intervention methods.
Simulation approach to interprofessional education
Authors: Greenwald Margaret , Mendez Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A team practice simulation approach to interprofessional education is presented. Participants (79 trainees over 4 years) were assigned to one of six teams representing clinical services for a client with complex clinical needs (medical care, outpatient therapy, dental, nutrition, speech and hearing, leadership). Each student within the team was assigned a specific role (e.g., primary care, policy maker, family member). A critical component of this activity is that each participant adopted the role and perspective of an individual in a different clinical area than their own. In preparation for a live discussion by all participants, each team met to study their assigned clinical roles and to prepare a one-page slide addressing specific questions given only to their team. At the live session, the overall goal was to develop a coherent clinical plan for the client. This is an effective approach for IPE in care of clients across the lifespan.
Using Canvas for an Interprofessional Virtual Team Visit
Authors: Reed Ashley , Mendez Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The is session will demonstrate how to use the Canvas learning management system (LMS) to organize and facilitate interprofessional education experiences (IPE) amongst students and faculty. Emphasis will be placed on the use modules as a way to organize content and facilitate requirements associated with IPE. In addition, the session will include demonstration on how to assign disciplines to sections to aide in faculty abilities to review of student submissions.
Diabetes Diagnosis, Social Support, and Health Behavior Changes in Older Adults
Authors: Qin Weidi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The growing disease burden of diabetes in older adults highlights the importance of health-promoting behaviors in this population. A new diagnosis of diabetes can be a teachable moment that motivates older adults to engage in health behavior changes. Guided by the convoy model of social relations, social support from family and friends may influence health behaviors, and moderate the effects of a diabetes diagnosis on health behaviors. The current study investigates health behavior changes in drinking, smoking, and physical activity before and after a diabetes diagnosis, and whether social support moderates the relationships. A sample of 13,143 older adults without diabetes at baseline were selected from the Health and Retirement Study, and followed up for six waves. Social support from family and friends were measured separately. Mixed-effects regression models were performed. Sampling weights were adjusted to generate population estimates. After a diabetes diagnosis, older adults reduced alcohol consumption and were more likely to quit smoking. More social support from family was associated with decreased alcohol consumption, and more social support from friends was associated with increased physical activity. Significant interaction between social support from family and diabetes diagnosis was found. Specifically, among older adults with a diabetes diagnosis, more social support from family was associated with less drinking and smoking cessation. The study findings suggest that health practitioners can consider the timing of diabetes diagnosis to facilitate health behavior changes. Furthermore, diabetes educators can help older adults mobilize support from family and friends to better engage in health-promoting behaviors.
Many Faces of Sleep: Diverse Sleep Characteristics and Their Joint Associations With Stress on Health in Adulthood
Authors: Chai Hye Won , Lee Soomi , Sin Nancy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Two separate bodies of literature point to the significant roles of sleep and stress and their associations with health outcomes in adulthood. To further extend the field’s knowledge on sleep, stress, and health, it is essential to consider the multi-dimensional aspects of sleep and diverse stress contexts and identify ways in which the three factors are interrelated to each other. Different sleep characteristics may have varying implications for stress processes that, in turn, shape health outcomes. Therefore, this symposium integrates diverse characteristics of sleep (duration, quality, and pileup) in conjunction with various stress processes and experiences (bereavement, stressor exposure and appraisals, rumination), and examines their associations with cognitive, emotional, and physiological health outcomes. The first paper by Vigoureux and colleagues investigates the interaction between daily sleep and stressor frequency and severity on daily rumination. The second paper by Slavish and colleagues examines the bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep duration and efficiency. The third paper by Mu and colleagues explores the mediated associations of sleep quality and sufficiency with work impairment through perceived cognitive abilities and rumination. The fourth paper by Lee uses the stress concept of pileup and tests how pileup of insufficient sleep is associated with day-to-day trajectories of affective and physical well-being. The final paper by Chai and colleagues examines whether sleep quality moderates the association between family bereavement and heart rate variability. The discussant, Dr. Nancy Sin, will integrate key points and discuss considerations for mechanisms and long-term implications of sleep, stress, and health.
Living Arrangements and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Basu Rashmita , Luo Huabin , Steiner Adrienne , Stevens Alan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite growing attention to the association between living arrangements and health outcomes, less is known about how emotional well-being and life satisfaction vary by living arrangements. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Leave Behind Questionnaires from the Health and Retirement Survey (N=13,275), we estimated generalized linear regression models comparing emotional well-being (a ratio of positive to negative emotion) and life satisfaction (the satisfaction with life scale, SWLS) by living alone versus living with others, controlling for socioeconomic and other health-related characteristics. Overall, individuals who lived alone had lower emotional well-being (β=-0.11; p&lt;0.01), and SWLS score (β=-0.42; p&lt;0.001), compared to those living with others. The direction of these relationships stratified by the cognitive status was the same. Policies and programs designed to support the growing population of older adults living alone should focus on improvement in these positive outcomes to enhance the quality of life.
Designing Conversational Agents to Support Self-Regulated Learning for Older Adults
Authors: Chin Jessie , Desai Smit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth of the off-the-shelf smart speakers (such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home), also called Conversational Agents (CAs), creates potential to deliver everyday life support to users at home (such as checking weather, listening to news, scheduling events). Literature demonstrated the technology acceptance of CAs among older adults (including novice users) given the low barriers to use CAs. The natural conversations among CAs and users enable the opportunities to build deeper understandings about a topic through theory-driven guided dialogues. Our study has designed the metacognition strategies in the guided dialogues of CAs to support informal self-regulated learning of health information among older adults. The study has shown the feasibility and acceptance of CAs to help older adults learn new health information on their own through these guided dialogues. Additional analyses on the feasibilities to implement different metacognitive strategies in guided dialogues in the off-the-shelf CAs were also conducted.
Designing Behavioral Feedback Visualizations to Support Health Behavior Change
Authors: Nie Qiong , Morrow Daniel , Harris Maurita , Rogers Wendy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Health technology has the potential to support behavior change by measuring performance and providing users with visualizations of this performance as feedback. Such visual feedback has had limited success in changing health behaviors, but it is not clear why. We conducted a systematic review of the visual feedback literature to develop an organizational framework representing the visual feedback-action process. We identified the components that have been investigated in the context of visual feedback. These components are classified into four categories: visualization types (e.g., bar graph) and variables (e.g., color); feedback characteristics (e.g., social comparison); psychological processes (e.g., motivation) and action (e.g., exercise). The insights will inform the design of feedback visualizations in a smartphone application to support medication adherence for older adults. More broadly, this integrative perspective will yield principles of feedback visualization techniques and components that influence the behavior change process and develop a roadmap to facilitate the design.
Muscle Bioenergetics and Cognitive Executive Function: The SOMMA Study Baseline
Authors: Krtichevsky Stephen , Cummings Steve , Newman Anne , Coen Paul , Molina Anthony , Hepple Russell , Cawthon Peggy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Better executive function has been associated with faster walking speed, but the basis for this association is unclear. Systemic factors appear to contribute mitochondrial function across multiple tissues including muscle and brain. We hypothesized that muscle-based measures of bioenergetics capacity would be associated with cognitive function at SOMMA’s baseline. MRI-based ATPMAX and muscle fiber respirometry-based max OXPHOS were correlated with scores on the MoCA (mean: 24.0; SD: 3.2); Trails B (mean: 138 seconds; SD: 73) and the Digit Symbol Coding Tests (mean: 50.8; SD: 14.9). The spearman correlations between ATPmax and the three measures were: 0.10 (p=0.29); -0.20 (p=0.03) and 0.16 (p=0.09), respectively. The association between max OXPHOS were: 0.18 (p=0.02); -0.20 (p&lt;0.01) and 0.11 (p=0.13), respectively. Some associations appeared stronger in men than women. Gender interactions and whether energetics mediate some of the association between cognitive function and gait speed will be explored in the full baseline sample.
Caregiving Is Driving My Time: Caregiver and Care Recipient Driving Behaviors and Hours of Care
Authors: Koumoutzis Athena , Vivoda Jonathon , Cao Jiawei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Informal caregivers often provide transportation assistance as older adult care recipients (CRs) begin regulating their driving (e.g., avoid certain driving situations, decrease/cease driving). This study examined how caregiver and CR driving frequency and CR’s driving avoidance behaviors impact caregiving intensity. Using data from Round 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the linked National Survey of Caregiving (n=1048 dyads), results indicated that caregiving intensity was highest among caregivers who drove everyday (5.38 hours) and for CRs who had not driven in the last month/did not drive (4.65 hours). Negative binomial regression techniques were used to assess and compare driving-related predictors. Compared to CRs who reported no avoidance of nighttime driving, caregivers of CRs who do not drive at all can expect to provide about 36% more hours of caregiving per day. Caregiving intensity was not significantly related to CR’s driving alone, on the highway, or in bad weather avoidance behaviors. CRs who drove every day, most days, and rarely required between 33% and 40% fewer expected hours per day of caregiving compared to CRs who had not driven in the past month. The expected number of hours spent providing care per day was 36% higher among caregivers who drove the care recipient every day, 28% higher among most-day drivers, and 30% higher among those who never drove as opposed to caregivers who drove some days per week. Results suggest that caregiving intensity is related more to caregiver and CR driving frequency than CR driving avoidance behaviors.
The Emergence and Benefits of Social Relationships in Two Community-Based Dementia Choirs
Authors: Smith Andre , Sheets Debra , Kennedy Mary , Erb Tara , Kampen Ruth , Hozempa Chandra Berkan , MacDonald Stuart 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Community choir participation for persons with dementia (PwD) confers benefits to health and well-being, including the benefit of socializing which can reduce feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Using the concept of social capital, this study examines the degree to which two intergenerational Voices in Motion choirs facilitate the development of social relationships between PwD, caregivers, and high school students. Data collection involved interviews with 17 dyads of PwD and caregivers, completion of a social relationship questionnaire, and focus groups with a total of 29 high school students. The results show a gradual increase in the level of interactions between all participants, with students in particular interacting more frequently with PwD. Over time, trust and reciprocity emerged within the choirs as more people shared information about themselves. Students’ understanding of dementia changed over time as they learned to appreciate PwD as unique human beings with rich life stories and experiences.
Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Increased Advance Care Planning Discussions Held by Older Adults?
Authors: Gutman Gloria , deVries Brian , Beringer Robert , Gill Paneet , Daudt Helena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In an online survey exploring older Canadians’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3989 respondents aged 55-99 indicated whether they had discussed their future care preferences and with whom, prior to and since the outbreak. Pre-pandemic, 62% had held such discussions; since the pandemic 43% did so, 11% for the first time. Rates were significantly higher among white respondents than among persons of color, women than men, and those 65+ than younger respondents. Respondents were most likely to have talked, respectively, with their spouse (58% before; 40% since), family (35%; 22%), and friends (12%; 10%)—with higher rates for white, women and older respondents. Surprisingly, only 4% before and 2% since the pandemic had discussed their care preferences with a doctor. Initiation of some new discussions was encouraging but there were fewer than expected, perhaps due to denial, superstition, or disbelief of pandemic severity. Advance care planning remains an under-utilized resource.
COVID-19 and Death Anxiety: The Impact on Students’ Appraisals to Completing Advance Directives
Authors: Vogel Carlyn , Dobbs Debra , Templeman Maureen , Marino Victoria , Haley William 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examined possible effects of COVID-19 on students’ appraisals, coping, and responses to completing advance directives (ADs). We used the transactional model of stress and coping to explore 93 undergraduate students’ responses to an AD assignment completed in an undergraduate course during COVID-19. Students watched a recorded lecture, read content related to ADs, and examined a sample copy of a 5 Wishes document. Students completed an assignment reflecting on reactions to completing ADs. Content analysis of 65 responses indicated almost 10% of students mentioned COVID-19 or the pandemic as a reason to complete ADs. Approximately 18% mentioned their youth and 40% mentioned sudden or serious illness as reasons to complete ADs. Nearly 30% mentioned death anxiety as a reason for being unprepared to complete ADs. Instructors should consider ways to inform and help students process their emotions given contextual factors (e.g. the pandemic) when teaching about ADs.
Return Home Interviews for Missing Older Adults With Dementia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Neubauer Noelannah , Letts Elyse , Daum Christine , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , McLennan Lauren , Liu Lili 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Persons living with dementia are at risk of becoming lost. When a person is returned home safely after a missing incident, an interview with the person or care partner may identify ways to prevent repeat incidents. It is not known if these interviews are being conducted for this population. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to understand return home interviews and whether they are being used with persons who have dementia. Methods: Scholarly and grey literature were searched in 20 databases. Articles were included from any language, year, study design if they included terms resembling “return home interview”, “missing,” “lost,” or “runaway”. Results: Eleven articles in scholarly, and 94 in grey literature sources were included, most from the United Kingdom. The majority of academic (55%) and grey (61%) articles were related to missing children, and none were specifically about persons living with dementia. Interviews were typically conducted within 72 hours after a missing person was returned, and by police or charitable organizations. The main reasons were to understand the causes of the incident and confirm the missing person’s safety, identify support needs, and to provide support to reduce repeat missing incidents. Conclusion: Existing reasons for interviews can also apply to persons with dementia. This review informs future research on return home interviews. It also informs community organizations, and police services interested in adopting this practice with persons living with dementia. Evaluations would confirm if these interviews can reduce repeat incidents and help keep people with dementia safe.
Addressing the California Master Plan on Aging Through Innovative Gerontology Specializations
Authors: Abbott-Enz Pamela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The 2021 Master Plan for Aging outlines five bold goals to pursue over the next ten years, including addressing the issues of housing, health, and quality of life, finance, and caregiving, the plan also addresses public safety and emergency services, community programs and public spaces, access, inclusion, and equity. In order to prepare the workforce to meet these goals, California Community Colleges have the unique opportunity to collaborate and develop Aging Specialists in fields not traditionally age-focused. This presentation explores the possible scope and path toward curriculum development of five innovative collaborations that will prepare Gerontology specialists for the workforce that will be created through the execution of the California Master Plan.
Disruption to Transformation: Engaged Research
Authors: Geary Carol , Abbott Katherine , McGaffigan Erin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With changes in funders’ requirements, engagement of persons with “lived experience” in the planning, conduct, and dissemination of research is increasingly common. Although patient and stakeholder engagement is expected, the body of literature describing necessary structures and processes is severely limited. Therefore, the purpose of this symposium is to aid in the movement of engaged research from disruption to translation. To do so, we will describe gaps in researcher knowledge and skills associated with patient and stakeholder engagement; structures and processes in current use with older adults, and outcomes associated with engagement. We will begin by sharing findings within advisory board models of engagement. Dr. Lessem will describe the Sage Resource Project researcher needs assessment. Researchers (N=103) shared both their engagement interests and their perceived knowledge and capability gaps. Dr. Berman will describe training developed within the same project to overcome researchers’ perceived gaps. Then, Dr. Roes will describe a qualitative evaluation of persons with dementia perspectives on rewards and benefits of advisory board involvement. Our final two presenters will describe engagement using a variety of engagement approaches. Dr. Douglas will share experiences with adapting Montessori philosophies and processes to engage CNAs in development of innovative programming for dementia care within a long term care environment. Finally, Dr. Geary will share her team’s findings from interviews completed using appreciative inquiry with sites with over five-years’ experience engaging patients in research. Each site has developed unique infrastructures and processes to most effectively achieve desired outcomes.