bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USPIO‐SWI Shows Fingolimod Enhanced Alteplase Action on Angiographic Reperfusion in eMCAO Rats
Authors: Fu Ying , Zhao Wenlong , Lin Kunxin , Lv Aowei , Tian Lili , Wang Zhen , Li Shaowu , Yan Yaping 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundNoninvasive evaluation of the status of cerebral arteriole perfusion remains a practical challenge in murine stroke models, because conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is no longer capable of capturing these very small vessels.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO)‐based susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)‐MRI (USPIO‐SWI) and T2* map‐MRI (USPIO‐T2* map) for monitoring angiographic perfusion in stroke rats.Study TypeA preclinical randomized controlled trial.Animal ModelNormal rats (N = 9), embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) rats (N = 66).Field Strength/Sequence7 T; T2* map (multigradient echo), SWI (3D gradient echo).AssessmentExperiment 1: To develop a method for angiographic reperfusion evaluation with USPIO‐SWI. Normal rats were used to optimize the USPIO dosage (5.6, 16.8, and 56 mg/kg ferumoxytol) as well as scan time points for cerebral arterioles. Contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was measured. Stroke rats were further used and the number of visual cortical vessels were counted. Experiment 2: To examine whether fingolimod (lymphocytes inhibitor) enhances the action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in eMCAO rats on cerebral angiographic reperfusion.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney test and two way‐ANOVA were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCNR values of cerebral cortical penetrating arteries in normal rats were significantly increased to 4.4 ± 0.5 (5.6 mg/kg), 6.1 ± 0.5 (16.8 mg/kg), and 3.4 ± 0.9 (56 mg/kg) after USPIO injection. The number of visual cortical vessels on USPIO‐SWI images in ischemic regions was significantly less than in control regions (5 ± 2 vs. 56 ± 20) of eMCAO rats. Compared with eMCAO rats who received tPA only, eMCAO rats who received the combination of fingolimod and tPA exhibited significantly higher proportion of complete angiographic reperfusion (69% vs. 17%).Data ConclusionThis study supports the feasibility of angiographic perfusion evaluation with USPIO‐SWI in stroke rats.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Impacts of digital transformation on firms' competitive advantages: A systematic literature review
Authors: Leão Pedro , da Silva Miguel Mira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDigital transformation impacts firms' competitiveness mainly on innovation, efficiency, cost reduction, and impacts global value chains on specialization, geographic scope, governance, and upgrading. According to literature, the impacts of digital transformation over firms' competitiveness, while presenting a more prominent role over more “classical” advantages, present a majority of positively signed impact directions, being, on average, beneficial to the firms that implement such transformations. Industrial processes' digitalization links global value chains' four main dimensions by increasing the firm's focus on more specific value chain activities (specialization) and international expansion opportunities (geographic scope) activity. In parallel, industrial digital transformation is also motivating firms to expand into upstream activities across the value chains (upgrading) and impacting significantly at GVCs' strategy (governance) due to the emergence of digital platforms, disrupting former competitive settings into new networked “extended business ecosystems.”
Is theft considered less severe when the victim is a foreign company?
Authors: Dib‐Slamani Hind , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe moral judgment of theft against a company is related to the company origin, but all origins are not created equal. Foreign companies are not systematically disadvantaged compared to domestic ones. Foreign companies from in‐group origins could be at an advantage compared to similar foreign companies from out‐group origins. A theft is judged more leniently when the victim is from the out‐group than one from the in‐group.
Female Representation and Academic Leadership in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Landeen Kelly C. , Xie Yanjun , Moran Mary L. , Yang Shiayin F. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDespite increasing the numbers of women entering the field, underrepresentation of women in otolaryngology has been reported. In the subspecialty of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS), female representation and academic leadership have not been formally characterized. Our study aims to identify female representation and academic leadership roles in FPRS.Study DesignCross sectional analysis.MethodsAnalysis was performed using the 2020 American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) membership directory. Board‐eligible and board‐certified FPRS surgeons were included. Data regarding academic rank, leadership position, academic productivity, and years in practice were collected from publicly available departmental websites. Academic productivity was measured using h‐index.ResultsOf 1,421 members queried in the 2020 AAFPRS membership directory, 13.0% were female and 86.9% were male. Most practitioners (87.0%) work in a private practice setting, but of the 13.0% of academic FPRS surgeons, 25.9% were female. Most female facial plastic surgeons in academic practice were Assistant Professors (72.9%), whereas ranks were evenly distributed among male FPRS surgeons. Three (4.3%) of 69 AAFPRS fellowship directors were women, and 1 (1.8%) of 56 present or past AAFPRS presidents was female. Female FPRS surgeons had fewer years in practice and lower h‐indices compared with male surgeons.ConclusionsFemale FPRS surgeons hold fewer academic leadership positions and have lower academic productivity in comparison to male FPRS surgeons. Future studies are needed to elucidate the etiology of these gender differences.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:781–785, 2022
Ephemeral gully erosion in concentrated flow channels induced by rainfall and upslope inflow on steep loessial slopes
Authors: Kang Hongliang , Guo Mingming , Wang Wenlong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEphemeral gullies (EGs) play a crucial role in hydrological connectivity, soil erosion, and land degradation. However, little research has focused on flow hydraulics in concentrated flow channels and their effects on EG erosion on steep loessial slopes. A simulated experiment of rainfall (60–120 mm hr−1) and upslope inflow (0.45–2.25 m2 hr−1) were conducted on concentrated flow channels with loess at 15°–25° slope gradients. The concentrated flow was turbulent and subcritical in most cases. The flow shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power in the concentrated flow channels varied from 32.65 to 109.40 N m−2, 10.85 to 38.66 N m−1 s−1, and 0.08 to 0.16 m s−1, respectively. The EG depth, width, and width‐depth ratio varied within 14.8–24.6 cm, 18.5–33.8 cm, and 1.13–1.83, respectively. Moreover, the EG depth and width increased in a power function with the runoff rate (R2 = 0.82–0.83; p < 0.01). The sediment yield rate (Ys) varied within 15.94–94.44 g m−2 s−1 under the different treatments and had a good linear relationship with the runoff rate (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the flow shear stress and stream power can be used to predict Ys by linear functions. The critical runoff rate and shear stress to initiate EG erosion were determined to be 0.09 m3 hr−1 and 2.66 N m−2. However, the coefficient of determination for the linear relationship between Ys and shear stress was low (0.58). The results indicate that the flow shear stress mechanism might not be enough to explain sediment load variation for EG erosion, and headcut erosion mechanism should be taken into account.
Diagnostic pathway and stage migration of sinonasal malignancies in the era of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Meerwein Christian M. , Stadler Thomas M. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Soyka Michael B. , Holzmann David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic bears the risk of delayed cancer diagnoses.MethodsStudy on the diagnostic pathway of sinonasal malignancies during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsMedian time from first symptom to treatment initiation was not increased during the pandemic: 137 days (interquartile range [IQR] 104‐193) vs 139 days (IQR 103‐219) (P = .60). Median time from first appointment at our institution to treatment initiation was even reduced in 2020: 18 days (IQR 11‐25) vs 11 days (IQR 7‐17) (P = .02). A trend toward advanced tumor stages during the pandemic was seen: 11/30 patients (36.7%) ≥ stage 4 in 2018 to 2019 vs 12/19 patients (63.2%) ≥ stage 4 in 2020 (P = .064).ConclusionBoth, time to diagnosis and time to treatment initiation were similar during the pandemic. However, a higher proportion of advanced tumors stages was observed. Despite the pandemic, we provided a swift diagnostic workflow, including a virtual tumor board decision and a prompt treatment initiation.Level of Evidence: 4.
Toward optoacoustic sciatic nerve detection using an all‐fiber interferometric‐based sensor for endoscopic smart laser surgery
Authors: Nguendon Kenhagho Hervé , Canbaz Ferda , Hopf Alois , Guzman Raphael , Cattin Philippe , Zam Azhar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesLaser surgery requires efficient tissue classification to reduce the probability of undesirable or unwanted tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate acoustic shock waves (ASWs) as a means of classifying sciatic nerve tissue.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we classified sciatic nerve tissue against other tissue types—hard bone, soft bone, fat, muscle, and skin extracted from two proximal and distal fresh porcine femurs—using the ASWs generated by a laser during ablation. A nanosecond frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm was used to create 10 craters on each tissue type's surface. We used a fiber‐coupled Fabry–Pérot sensor to measure the ASWs. The spectrum's amplitude from each ASW frequency band measured was used as input for principal component analysis (PCA). PCA was combined with an artificial neural network to classify the tissue types. A confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the accuracy of the testing‐data‐based scores from the sciatic nerve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence‐level interval.ResultsBased on the confusion matrix and ROC analysis of the model's tissue classification results (leave‐one‐out cross‐validation), nerve tissue could be classified with an average accuracy rate and AUC result of 95.78  ± 1.3% and 99.58  ± 0.6%, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of using ASWs for remote classification of nerve and other tissue types. The technique can serve as the basis of a feedback control system to detect and preserve sciatic nerves in endoscopic laser surgery.
Electron‐Beam Induced Luminescence and Bleaching in Polymer Resins and Embedded Biomaterial
Authors: Srinivasa Raja Aditi , de Boer Pascal , Giepmans Ben N. G. , Hoogenboom Jacob P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectron microscopy is crucial for imaging biological ultrastructure at nanometer resolution. However, electron irradiation also causes specimen damage, reflected in structural and chemical changes that can give rise to alternative signals. Here, luminescence induced by electron‐beam irradiation is reported across a range of materials widely used in biological electron microscopy. Electron‐induced luminescence is spectrally characterized in two epoxy (Epon, Durcupan) and one methacrylate resin (HM20) over a broad electron fluence range, from 10−4 to 103 mC cm−2, both with and without embedded biological samples. Electron‐induced luminescence is pervasive in polymer resins, embedded biomaterial, and occurs even in fixed, whole cells in the absence of resin. Across media, similar patterns of intensity rise, spectral red‐shifting, and bleaching upon increasing electron fluence are observed. Increased landing energies cause reduced scattering in the specimen shifting the luminescence profiles to higher fluences. Predictable and tunable electron‐induced luminescence in natural and synthetic polymer media is advantageous for turning many polymers into luminescent nanostructures or to fluorescently visualize (micro)plastics. Furthermore, these findings provide perspective to direct electron‐beam excitation approaches like cathodoluminescence that may be obscured by these nonspecific electron‐induced signals.
Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels Constructed by Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril‐para‐phenylenediamine Exclusion Complex
Authors: Guo Hanling , Yang Shengdu , Cao Long , Chen Lixia , Gao Ruihan , Huang Ying , Xue Bai , Tao Zhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe hydrogels composed of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (Me10Q[5]) and para‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA) are first reported herein. They are the first Q[5]‐based supramolecular hydrogels, the formation of which is driven by portal exclusion between Me10Q[5] and p‐PDA. The composition, structure, and properties of the Me10Q[5]/p‐PDA‐based hydrogels are investigated by various techniques. Since the 1D supramolecular chain forms via portal exclusion between Me10Q[5] and p‐PDA is the key to the formation of the hydrogels, any competitive species, such as metal ions, organic molecules, and amino acids, which can affect the portal exclusion, can change the behavior of the Me10Q[5]/p‐PDA‐based hydrogels. Hence, the hydrogels can be used for various applications. Importantly, the results may provide a new research direction for the preparation of Q[n]‐based hydrogels via portal exclusion of Q[n]s with guests.
Rapid Photothermal Responsive Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Soft Manipulators and Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Sun Zhichao , Song Changyuan , Zhou Junjie , Hao Chaobo , Liu Wentao , Liu Hao , Wang Jianfeng , Huang Miaoming , He Suqin , Yang Mingcheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStimulus‐responsive hydrogels are of great significance in soft robotics, wearable electronic devices, and sensors. Near‐infrared (NIR) light is considered an ideal stimulus as it can trigger the response behavior remotely and precisely. In this work, a smart flexible stimuli‐responsive hydrogel with excellent photothermal property and decent conductivity are prepared by incorporating MXene nanosheets into the physically cross‐linked poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogel matrix. Because of outstanding photothermal effect and dispersion of MXene, the composite hydrogel exhibits rapid photothermal responsiveness and excellent photothermal stability under the NIR irradiation. Furthermore, the anisotropic bilayer hydrogel actuator shows fast and controllable light‐driven bending behavior, which can be used as a light‐controlled soft manipulator. Meanwhile, the hydrogel sensor exhibits cycling stability and good durability in detecting various deformation and real‐time human activities. Therefore, the present study involving the fabrication of MXene nanocomposite hydrogels for potential applications in remotely controlled actuator and wearable electronic device provides a new method for the development of photothermal responsive conductive hydrogels.
The Change Characteristics of Potential Habitat and Fishing Season for Neon Flying Squid in the Northwest Pacific Ocean under Future Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Gong Caixia , Chen Xinjun , Gao Feng , Yu Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Climate-driven changes in the marine environment can impact the distribution and abundance of marine species. Here, we combined available commercial fishery data of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the traditional fishing grounds in the northwest Pacific Ocean collected by Chinese squid jigging vessels between 1996 and 2005 with the dominant environmental climate factors affecting its distribution. Fishery and dominant environmental climate factors were incorporated into a species distribution model (maximum entropy model, MaxEnt) to describe the suitable habitats for neon flying squid. Two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from the Community Earth System Model Version 1 were used with MaxEnt to project the future distribution of environmental suitability for neon flying squid. Results indicated that suitable neon flying squid habitat moved northward under climate change, and the projected area of suitable habitat decreased by the end of the century. Projections revealed that suitable habitats for neon flying squid will almost disappear between July and September by 2095 in RCP4.5, and between July and November (except in October, which increased by about 34%) in RCP8.5. These findings suggest that the fishing season for neon flying squid might be delayed and the total fishing time might be shortened. We suggest that adaptive fisheries management strategies, such as controlling fishing effort and setting a closed season, should be established as soon as possible in response to climate changes in the North Pacific Ocean.
Reproductive Biology, Size, and Age Structure of Harlequin Rockfish: Spatial Analysis of Life History Traits
Authors: TenBrink Todd T. , Helser Thomas E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many rockfish (genus Sebastes) species within multispecies complexes have lacked basic biological data hindering their fisheries management. In this study, we provide essential information for stock assessment decision making for one of these species, Harlequin Rockfish Sebastes variegatus. We analyzed aspects of reproduction, size structure, and growth of Harlequin Rockfish in waters off Alaska using historical survey data and recent field collections. Results are reported primarily from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) region, but important findings are noted from the Aleutian Islands (AI). Harlequin Rockfish reached an observed maximum age of 76 years in the AI, a new estimate for this species. Females exhibited group-synchronous oocyte development; the parturition period occurred in the spring in both regions, ceasing as late as July in the GOA. Females from the GOA had an estimated length and age at 50% maturity of 187.6 mm (95% confidence limits [CL] = 152.0–215.6 mm; n = 318) and 4.7 years (95% CL = 1.6–6.2 years; n = 188), respectively, indicating that the Harlequin Rockfish is one of the earliest maturing rockfishes. We analyzed a 14-year time series of bottom trawl survey data to examine the relationship between Harlequin Rockfish length and selected covariates. Spatial heterogeneity existed, with size showing a relationship with bottom temperature and ocean color (productivity index) across the GOA. The comparison of Harlequin Rockfish length at age indicated that larger fish were present in the western GOA but variable growth occurred across the region. Our findings contribute to understanding Harlequin Rockfish biology within multispecies management complexes, and our results demonstrate that key life history traits vary spatially, possibly influenced by regional environmental conditions. This study represents the most comprehensive biological examination for Harlequin Rockfish.
Compound heterozygous null mutations of NOBOX in sisters with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea
Authors: Sassi Asma , Désir Julie , Duerinckx Sarah , Soblet Julie , Van Dooren Sonia , Bonduelle Maryse , Abramowicz Marc , Delbaere Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome defined by a premature loss of ovarian function that associates menstrual disturbances and hypergonatropic hypogonadism. POI is a major cause of female infertility affecting 1% of women before the age of 40 and up to 0.01% before the age of 20. The etiology of POI may be iatrogenic, auto‐immune or genetic but remains however undetermined in a large majority of cases. An underlying genetic etiology has to be searched in idiopathic cases, particularly in the context of a family history of POI.MethodsWhole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in trio in a Belgian patient presenting POI and in her two parents. The patient presented delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.ResultsWES identified two novel compound heterozygous truncating mutations in the Newborn oogenesis homeobox (NOBOX) gene, c.826C>T (p.(Arg276Ter)) and c.1421del (p.(Gly474AlafsTer76)). Both mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband's sister who presented the same phenotype. Both variants were pathogenic and very likely responsible for the severe POI in this family.ConclusionWe report here for the first time compound heterozygous truncating mutations of NOBOX in outbred patients, generalizing biallelic NOBOX null mutations as a cause of severe POI with primary amenorrhea. In addition, our findings also suggest that NOBOX haploinsufficiency is tolerated.
A novelmulti‐quality of service system design: Integration of hybrid free space optical/RF, cognitive hybrid and free space optical links
Authors: Nath Soyinka , Singh Shree Prakash , Sengar Sujata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe proposed system design presents a novel configuration that is created by the integration of several standalone free space optical (FSO) links, a hybrid FSO/RF and some cognitive or pseudo hybrid links. The objective is to allow different quality‐of‐service (QoS) links within a system as a whole. In addition to individual QoS requirements, a constraint on the overall system QoS, in the form of minimum system outage, is also ensured. The design methodology aims at identifying the optimal number of standalone FSOs and cognitive hybrid links which can be supported by a single hybrid FSO/RF link. Atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are considered for the analysis. Simulation results are used to corroborate the analytical findings.
A pilot study for fragment identification using 2D NMR and deep learning
Authors: Kuhn Stefan , Tumer Eda , Colreavy‐Donnelly Simon , Moreira Borges Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a proof of concept of a method to identify substructures in 2D NMR spectra of mixtures using a bespoke image‐based convolutional neural network application. This is done using HSQC and HMBC spectra separately and in combination. The application can reliably detect substructures in pure compounds, using a simple network. Results indicate that it can work for mixtures when trained on pure compounds only. HMBC data and the combination of HMBC and HSQC show better results than HSQC alone in this pilot study.