bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The associations between red cell distribution width and plasma proteins in a general population
Authors: Pan Jingxue , Borné Yan , Orho-Melander Marju , Nilsson Jan , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
High red cell distribution width (RDW) has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our aim was to explore the associations between RDW and plasma proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD using a targeted proteomics panel.

Methods
RDW and 88 plasma proteins were measured in a population-based cohort study (n = 4726), Malmö Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC). A random 2/3 of the cohort was used as discovery sample and remaining 1/3 was used for replication. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the associations between RDW and plasma proteins, with adjustments for age, sex, and other potential confounders. Proteins with Bonferroni-corrected significant associations with RDW in the discovery sub-cohort were validated in the replication cohort.

Results
Thirteen of 88 plasma proteins had significant associations with RDW in the discovery sample, after multivariate adjustments. Eleven of them were also significant in the replication sample, including SIR2-like protein 2 (SIRT2), stem cell factor (SCF, inversely), melusin (ITGB1BP2), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), CD40 ligand (CD40-L), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (U-PAR) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3).

Conclusions
Several proteins from this targeted proteomics panel were associated with RDW in this cohort. These proteins could potentially be linked to the increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with high RDW.
Machine learning predicts nucleosome binding modes of transcription factors
Authors: Kishan K. C. , Subramanya Sridevi K. , Li Rui , Cui Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost transcription factors (TFs) compete with nucleosomes to gain access to their cognate binding sites. Recent studies have identified several TF-nucleosome interaction modes including end binding (EB), oriented binding, periodic binding, dyad binding, groove binding, and gyre spanning. However, there are substantial experimental challenges in measuring nucleosome binding modes for thousands of TFs in different species.ResultsWe present a computational prediction of the binding modes based on TF protein sequences. With a nested cross-validation procedure, our model outperforms several fine-tuned off-the-shelf machine learning (ML) methods in the multi-label classification task. Our binary classifier for the EB mode performs better than these ML methods with the area under precision-recall curve achieving 75%. The end preference of most TFs is consistent with low nucleosome occupancy around their binding site in GM12878 cells. The nucleosome occupancy data is used as an alternative dataset to confirm the superiority of our EB classifier.ConclusionsWe develop the first ML-based approach for efficient and comprehensive analysis of nucleosome binding modes of TFs.
Lung-protective mechanical ventilation for patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgeries: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nguyen Trung Kien , Nguyen Viet Luong , Nguyen Truong Giang , Mai Duc Hanh , Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Vu The Anh , Le Anh Nguyet , Nguyen Quang Huy , Nguyen Chi Tue , Nguyen Dang Thu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position in laparoscopic surgeries could contribute to postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. In recent years, intraoperative lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPV) has been reportedly able to attenuate ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI). Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that LPV could improve intraoperative oxygenation function, pulmonary mechanics and early postoperative atelectasis in laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 62 patients indicated for elective abdominal laparoscopic surgeries with an expected duration of greater than 2 h were randomly assigned to receive either lung-protective ventilation (LPV) with a tidal volume (Vt) of 7 ml kg− 1 ideal body weight (IBW), 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with regular recruitment maneuvers (RMs) or conventional ventilation (CV) with a Vt of 10 ml kg− 1 IBW, 0 cmH2O in PEEP and no RMs. The primary endpoints were the changes in the ratio of PaO2 to FiO2 (P/F). The secondary endpoints were the differences between the two groups in PaO2, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aO2), intraoperative pulmonary mechanics and the incidence of atelectasis detected on chest x-ray on the first postoperative day.

Results
In comparison to CV group, the intraoperative P/F and PaO2 in LPV group were significantly higher while the intraoperative A-aO2 was clearly lower. Cdyn and Cstat at all the intraoperative time points in LPV group were significantly higher compared to CV group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the incidence of atelectasis on day one after surgery between the two groups.

Conclusions
Lung protective mechanical ventilation significantly improved intraoperative pulmonary oxygenation function and pulmonary compliance in patients experiencing various abdominal laparoscopic surgeries, but it could not ameliorate early postoperative atelectasis and oxygenation function on the first day after surgery.

Trial registration
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/identifier: NCT04546932 (09/05/2020).
Gestational hypertension and progression towards preeclampsia in Northern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study
Authors: Yemane Awol , Teka Hale , Ahmed Sumeya , Temesgen Haftom , Langen Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of medical complication of pregnancy and is the main cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. It is one of the top causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. Also known as transient hypertension, gestational hypertension (GH) is increased blood pressure during pregnancy without proteinuria, which is expected to return to normal by the 12th-week postpartum visit. PE is GH with proteinuria and /or other systemic manifestations. Evidence from high income countries show that GH significantly progresses towards PE. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the progression of GH towards PE in an African setting. The objective of this study is, therefore, to assess the incidence of GH, progression towards PE and factors associated with progression in Ethiopia.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study conducted at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) and Mekelle General Hospital (MGH), the largest referral centers in Northern Ethiopia. Two hundred and forty women with GH were enrolled and followed up until delivery. Clinical and laboratory data at initial presentation and at follow-up were compared among women who progressed towards PE and who remained with the diagnosis of GH. Logistic regression analysis was employed to model the combined effects of the clinical and laboratory data as significant predictors of progression from GH to PE.

Result
The incidence of GH in this study was 6 % (4.9–8.5). The rate of progression was 17.1 % (13.4–23.8). Previous history of GH, anemia during pregnancy, previous second-trimester spontaneous abortion were significant predictors of progression.

Conclusions
There is a high rate of progression of GH towards PE. In a resource-limited setting where predictive and diagnostic tools are scarce, clinical profile of women should be taken into consideration for prediction and diagnosis of PE.
The impact of cesarean delivery on infant DNA methylation
Authors: Chen Qian , Ming Yanhong , Gan Yuexin , Huang Lisu , Zhao Yanjun , Wang Xia , Liu Yongjie , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence suggests that cesarean delivery may have a long-lasting effect on infant health. But the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to examine whether cesarean delivery on maternal request without any medical indications (CDMR) impacts DNA methylation status in the umbilical cord blood of the infant.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China. A total of 70 CDMR and 70 vaginal deliveries (VD) were recruited in 2012. The cord blood DNA methylation status was measured in 30 CDMR and 30 VD newborns using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 K BeadChip. To validate the results, the cord blood DNA methylation status was measured in another 40 CDMR and 40 VD newborns using targeted bisulfite sequencing assay. A total of 497 CpG sites from 40 genes were included in the analysis.

Results
A total of 165 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) exhibited differences in DNA methylation by 10% or more between the CDMR and VD groups, many of which were related to the development of the immune system. Based on the targeted bisulfite sequencing assay, 16 genes (16/22, 72.7%) had higher methylation level in the CDMR group than the VD group. Among them, 5 genes were related to the immune system. After considering the estimation of cell type proportions, there was few significant differences in DNA methylation between CDMR and VD groups.

Conclusions
The DMPs identified between CDMR and VD groups might be largely explained by the cell type proportions. Further studies are needed to examine DNA methylation in each cell type separately.
Comparing the 7th and 8th editions of UICC/AJCC staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the IMRT era
Authors: He Tao , Yan Ruo-Nan , Chen Hua-Ying , Zeng Yuan-Yuan , Xiang Zhong-Zheng , Liu Fang , Shao Bian-Fei , Ma Jia-Chun , Wang Xi-Ran , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
To compare the prognostic value of 7th and 8th editions of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging system for patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and simultaneous integrated boost– intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT).

Methods
Patients with NPC (n = 300) who received SIB-IMRT were included. Survival by T-classification, N-classification, and stage group of each staging system was assessed.

Results
For T-classification, nonsignificant difference was observed between T1 and T3 and between T2 and T3 disease (P = 0.066 and 0.106, respectively) for overall survival (OS) in the 7th staging system, whereas all these differences were significant in the 8th staging system (all P < 0.05). The survival curves for disease-free survival (DFS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) in both staging systems were similar, except for the comparison of T2 and T4 disease for LRRFS (P = 0.070 for 7th edition; P = 0.011 for 8th edition). For N-classification, significant differences were observed between N2 and N3 diseases after revision (P = 0.046 and P = 0.043 for OS and DFS, respectively). For staging system, no significant difference was observed between IVA and IVB of 7th edition.

Conclusion
The 8th AJCC staging system appeared to have superior prognosis value in the SIB-IMRT era compared with the 7th edition.
Lung cancer incidence differences in migrant men in Belgium, 2004–2013: histology-specific analyses
Authors: Vanthomme Katrien , Rosskamp Michael , De Schutter Harlinde , Vandenheede Hadewijch 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Immigrants make up an important share of European populations which has led to a growing interest in research on migrants’ health. Many studies have assessed migrants’ cancer mortality patterns, yet few have studied incidence differences. This paper will probe into histology-specific lung cancer incidence by migrant origin aiming to enhance the knowledge on lung cancer aetiology and different risk patterns among population groups.

Methods
We used data on all lung cancer diagnoses during 2004–2013 delivered by the Belgian Cancer Registry individually linked with the 2001 Belgian Census and the Crossroads Bank for Social Security. Absolute and relative inequalities in overall and histology-specific lung cancer incidence have been calculated for first-generation Italian, Turkish and Moroccan migrant men aged 50–74 years compared to native Belgian men.

Results
Moroccan men seemed to be the most advantaged group. Both in absolute and relative terms they consistently had lower overall and histology-specific lung cancer incidence rates compared with native Belgian men, albeit less clear for adenocarcinoma. Turkish men only showed lower overall lung cancer incidence when adjusting for education. On the contrary, Italian men had higher incidence for overall lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma, which was explained by adjusting for education.

Conclusions
Smoking habits are likely to explain the results for Moroccan men who had lower incidence for smoking-related histologies. The full aetiology for adenocarcinoma is still unknown, yet the higher incidence among Italian men could point to differences in occupational exposures, e.g. to carcinogenic radon while working in the mines.
Efficacy and safety of duloxetine for postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty in centrally sensitized patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Shicheng , Wang Wensheng , Shao Long , Ling Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Postoperative residual knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a significant factor that contributes to patient dissatisfaction. Patients with preoperative central sensitization (CS) may be more susceptible to unexplained chronic pain after TKA, and duloxetine has been reported to be effective in post-TKA pain control in patients with CS. However, there remains limited evidence to support this off-label use in routine clinical practice. Hence, we designed this randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial to evaluate the effects of preoperative screening and targeted duloxetine treatment of CS on postoperative residual pain compared with the care-as-usual control group.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial includes patients with knee osteoarthritis on a waiting list for primary unilateral TKA. Patients with preoperative CS will be randomly allocated to the perioperative duloxetine treatment group (duloxetine group) or the care-as-usual control group (placebo group). Patients in the duloxetine group will receive a half-dose of preemptive duloxetine (30 mg/day) for a week before surgery and a full-dose of duloxetine (60 mg/day) for six weeks after surgery. The primary outcome is the intensity of residual pain at six months after TKA, including the visual analogue scale, 11-point numeric rating scale, the sensory dimension of the brief pain inventory, and the pain subscale of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. The secondary outcome measures will include the pain and function related outcomes. All of the patients will be followed up at one, three, and six months after surgery. All adverse events will be recorded and immediately reported to the primary investigator and ethics committee to decide if the patient needs to drop out from the trial.

Discussion
This clinical trial will convey the latest evidence of the efficacy and safety of the application of duloxetine in postoperative pain control in CS patients who are scheduled for TKA. The study results will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) registration number: ChiCTR2000031674. Registered 07 April 2020.
Effectiveness of early switching from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy in Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic bone and joint or orthopedic metalware-associated infections
Authors: Boclé Hélène , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Cellier Nicolas , Crouzet Julien , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Sotto Albert , Loubet Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The optimal duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy in Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic bone and joint infection has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of early and late intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch on treatment failure.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed all adult cases of S. aureus prosthetic bone and joint or orthopedic metalware-associated infection between January 2008 and December 2015 in a French university hospital. The primary outcome was treatment failure defined as the recurrence of S. aureus prosthetic bone and joint or orthopedic metalware-associated infection at any time during or after the first line of medical and surgical treatment within 2 years of follow-up. A Cox model was created to assess risk factors for treatment failure.

Results
Among the 140 patients included, mean age was 60.4 years (SD 20.2), and 66% were male (n = 92). Most infections were due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (n = 113, 81%). The mean duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment was 4.1 days (SD 4.6). The majority of patients (119, 85%) had ≤5 days of intravenous therapy. Twelve patients (8.5%) experienced treatment failure. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (HR 11.1; 95% CI 1.5–111.1; p = 0.02), obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) (HR 6.9; 95% CI1.4–34.4, p = 0.02) and non-conventional empiric antibiotic therapy (HR 7.1; 95% CI 1.8–25.2; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with treatment failure, whereas duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy (≤ 5 or > 5 days) was not.

Conclusion
There was a low treatment failure rate in patients with S. aureus prosthetic bone and joint or orthopedic metalware-associated infection with early oral switch from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy.
The NLRP3 inflammasome: an emerging therapeutic target for chronic pain
Authors: Chen Ruixiang , Yin Chengyu , Fang Jianqiao , Liu Boyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic pain affects the life quality of the suffering patients and posts heavy problems to the health care system. Conventional medications are usually insufficient for chronic pain management and oftentimes results in many adverse effects. The NLRP3 inflammasome controls the processing of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and is implicated in a variety of disease conditions. Recently, growing number of evidence suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome is dysregulated under chronic pain condition and contributes to pathogenesis of chronic pain. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the recent findings of the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic pain and discussed the expression and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling components in chronic pain conditions. This review also summarized the successful therapeutic approaches that target against NLRP3 inflammasome for chronic pain treatment.
Let-7a-5p regulates the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Han Lei , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Let-7a-5p is demonstrated to be a tumor inhibitor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of let-7a-5p in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not been reported. This study is designed to determine the pattern of expression and role of let-7a-5p in CRSwNP.

Methods
The expression level of let-7a-5p, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in CRSwNP tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot assay was carried out to measure the protein expression of the Ras-MAPK pathway. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to explore the relationship between let-7a-5p and IL-6.

Results
Let-7a-5p was significantly downregulated in CRSwNP tissues and cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in CRSwNP tissues, while let-7a-5p mimic inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Besides that, let-7a-5p was negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CRSwNP tissues. In our study, IL-6 was found to be a target gene of let-7a-5p. Additionally, let-7-5p mimic obviously reduced the protein levels of Ras, p-Raf1, p-MEK1 and p-ERK1/2, while IL-6 overexpression destroyed the inhibitory effect of let-7a-5p on the Ras-MAPK pathway in CRSwNP.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that let-7a-5p/IL-6 interaction regulated the inflammatory response through the Ras-MAPK pathway in CRSwNP.
The association between the time of alcohol drinking and injury risk in Thailand: a cross‐sectional emergency department study
Authors: Sornpaisarn Bundit , Sornpaisarn Sarnti , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Although the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injuries is well recognized, studies exploring how the time of day the drinking commences affects alcohol-related injuries have been scarce. This contribution examines the associations between the time at which the drinking began and the duration of the drinking, the volume of alcohol consumed, the injury type, and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level.

Method
This study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in two hospital emergency departments (ED) in Chiangmai Province, Thailand. The sample was composed of 519 injured patients aged 18 years and older. Outcome measures included the BAC and type of injury. Exposures included the quantity of alcohol consumed, the time the drinking commenced, and the pattern of drinking involved.

Results
The injured patients who drank alcohol within six hours prior to sustaining their injury were more likely to get injured and present themselves at the ED at night (20:00–04:00) compared to those who sustained an injury but did not drink in the hours prior. However, this relationship was only true for unintentional injuries, not intentional ones. The majority of participants consumed their first drink between 16:00 and 20:00. On average, among the 104 patients who drank prior to sustaining an injury, the total amount of alcohol consumed was 6.9 drinks, the duration of drinking was 2.6 h, the rate of drinking was 6.0 drinks/hour, and the BAC was 0.119 gm%. Every drink increased the BAC by 0.012 gm% and each year of increasing age increased the BAC by 0.003 gm%. People who were older, less educated, and drank more frequently tended to have their first drink earlier than other drinkers. An earlier start to their drinking resulted in a faster pace of drinking and a higher BAC.

Conclusions
BAC increased with the total amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the drinker. Different groups of people had their first drink at different times of the day, resulting in differences in the rate of drinking, the BAC, the time of injury, and the time they presented to the ED after injury.