bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Awareness on Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Misuse Among Saudi University Students
Authors: Bu-Khamsin Ahmed Yousef , Fabella Eduardo , Al Abdullah Ali Habib , Albather Murtadha Radhi , Al-Hassan Yasser Taher , Alramadan Hassan Abdulfatah , Al Moweshy Abdullah Ahmed , Al Abdullah Ali Jameel , Al Hassan Hassan Ibrahim 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of resistant pathogens in the Gulf Region, with a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance seen in recent years. Misuse is common despite laws prohibiting dispensing antibiotics without prescription. This study was conducted to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic misuse among Saudi university students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the proportion of university students who were aware of antibiotic resistance, the proportion of university students who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem, the prevalence of antibiotic misuse among university students, and the association between awareness and antibiotic misuse.

Methods:
The study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design. By using a self-administrated survey, responses on awareness of antibiotic resistance as well as antibiotic use among bachelor students were obtained. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted to select the required 825 participants. Epi Info® version 7 was used to estimate the proportion of students who were aware of antibiotic resistance as well as the proportion of students who misused antibiotics. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use.

Results:
Over 75% of university students were aware of antibiotic resistance (95% CI: 72.09% - 77.98%), while 54.67% (95% CI: 51.26% - 58.03%) were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. Nearly 67% misused antibiotics (95% CI: 63.63% - 70.04%) with failure to follow the prescribed number of days of antibiotic therapy and using leftover antibiotics as the most common forms of misuse. Students who were aware of antibiotic resistance were 27.96% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.7204, p = 0.0642). Those who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem were 51.32% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.4868, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Awareness of antibiotic resistance is associated with lower antibiotic misuse. Education campaigns on the consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use and the development of antibiotic resistance should be intensified.
Borneol: A Plant-Sourced Terpene with a Variety of Promising Pharmacological
Effects
Authors: Kulkarni Madhur , Rajput Amarjitsing , Kasar Aditi , Thorat Shruti 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene belonging to the class of camphene, is
sourced from Blumea balsamifera, Cinnamonum camphora (L.) Presl, Dryobalanops aromatica
Gaertner, and the volatile oils extracted from various other plant sources. Chinese Traditional
Medicine system documents almost 1000 years of clinical use of borneol as an adjuvant as well as
an active in treating various diseases and disorders, mainly pertaining to the central nervous system.

Objective:
The review aims to provide insights into the array of pharmacological activities elicited
by borneol along with their underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Apart from the promising permeation enhancing activity, the scientific database has
established strong evidence of a variety of pharmacological effects of borneol. The current work involved
critical evaluation of the published and patented literature revealing various pharmacodynamic
activities of borneol alone and in combination with other actives. The mechanisms responsible
for the same were also investigated.

Results:
Many studies have revealed a promising antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial adhesion
activity of borneol. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antiepileptic actions
of borneol have been elucidated via a number of preclinical studies. Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic,
antihypertensive, and anticancer effects have also been explored for borneol.

Conclusion:
The array of pharmacological activities evaluated for borneol alone or in combination
with other actives could be attributed to its specific molecular structure, excellent brain permeability,
strong antioxidant property, and ability to modulate various inflammatory pathways and precursors.
However, more extensive preclinical and mainly clinical studies are warranted before this bicyclic
monoterpene can establish as an active pharmaceutical agent.
A Review on Recent Controlled Release Strategies for Oral Drug Delivery
of Repaglinide (a BCS Class II Drug)
Authors: Albetawi Saba , Abdalhafez Amer , Abu-Zaid Ala 
Published: December 2021

:
Repaglinide is an antidiabetic drug that works by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic
beta cells. Repaglinide is practically insoluble in water with a water solubility of 34 μg/mL
at 37°C, and it has a high absorption rate from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration
since the log P value of repaglinide is 3.97. The low aqueous solubility and the high permeability
of repaglinide represent a typical behavior for drugs that belong to class II Biopharmaceutical
Classification System (BCS II). Managing type-2 diabetes mellitus with repaglinide is considered a
burdensome therapy, as it requires frequent dosing of repaglinide before each meal to maintain its
therapeutic plasma concentration due to its short plasma half-life of approximately one hour.
Hence the present review aims to discuss thoroughly the various approaches investigated in recent
years to develop drug delivery systems that improve oral delivery of repaglinide, including nanoemulsions,
solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, sustained-release hydrophilic matrix,
floating microspheres, and nanocomposites.
Non-Clinical Investigation of Tuberculosis Drugs: Conjugated Norbornene-
Based Nanocarriers Toxic Impacts on Zebrafish
Authors: Anju Thangammal , Preetha Radhakrishnan , Shunmugam Raja , Mane Shivshankar R. , Arockiaraj Jesu , Ganapathy Shivasekar 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Rifampicin conjugated (R-CP), and rifampicin -isoniazid dual conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene-derived nanocarriers are newly designed for pH stimuli-responsive delivery of tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Its biosafety level is yet to be well established.

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the impacts of the nanocarriers on liver cells using zebrafish animal model and human liver cell line model (HepG2).

METHODS:
Initially, lethal dose concentration for the norbornene-derived nanocarrier systems in zebrafish was determined. The toxic effects were analysed at the sub-lethal drug concentration by histopathological study, total GSH level, gene expression and DNA damage in zebrafish liver cells. Fish erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were also evaluated. Cell viability and oxidative stress level (ROS generation) after exposure to the nanoconjugates was determined using HepG2 cell in the in vitro study.

RESULTS:
In vivo studies of both R-CP and RI-CP showed 100% mortality at 96 hours for exposure concentration >100mg/l and showed toxic changes in zebrafish liver histology, GSH, and DNA damage levels. A noticeable upregulated PXR, CYP3A and cyp2p6 genes was observed in RI-CP exposure than in RIF or R-CP molecules. The in vitro study revealed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and ROS generation for RIF, R-CP and RI-CP exposures in HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSION:
The current study reports that the rifampicin conjugated (R-CP) and rifampicin-isoniazid conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene derived nanocarriers exhibit enhanced toxic responses in both adult zebrafish and HepG2 cells. The pH-sensitive norbornene derived nanocarriers on conjugation with different drugs exhibited varied impacts on hepatic cells. Hence the present investigation recommends a complete metabolomics analysis and norbornene carrier-drug interaction study to be performed for each drug conjugated norbornene nanocarrier to ensure its biosafety.
Crowdsourced Community Support Resources Among Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Agarwal Anish K , Southwick Lauren , Schneider Rachelle , Pelullo Arthur , Ortiz Robin , Klinger Elissa V , Gonzales Rachel E , Rosin Roy , Merchant Raina M 
Published: December 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed strains on communities. During this public health crisis, health systems have created remote methods of monitoring symptom progression and delivering care virtually.

Objective
Using an SMS text message-based system, we sought to build and test a remote model to explore community needs, connect individuals to curated resources, and facilitate community health worker intervention when needed during the pandemic. The primary aims of this pilot study were to establish the feasibility (ie, engagement with the text line) and acceptability (ie, participant ratings of resources and service) of delivering automated well-being resources via smartphone technology.

Methods
Eligible patients (aged 18 years or older, having a cell phone with SMS text messaging capability, and recently visited the emergency department) were identified using the electronic health record. The patients were consented to enroll and begin receiving COVID-19–related information and links to community resources. We collected open-ended and close-ended resource and mood ratings. We calculated the frequencies and conducted a thematic review of the open-ended responses.

Results
In 7 weeks, 356 participants were enrolled; 13,917 messages were exchanged including 333 resource ratings (mean 4) and 673 well-being scores (mean 6.8). We received and coded 386 open-ended responses, most of which elaborated upon their self-reported mood score (29%). Overall, 77% (n=274) of our participants rated the platform as a service they would highly recommend to a family member or friend.

Conclusions
This approach is designed to broaden the reach of health systems, tailor to community needs in real time, and connect at-risk individuals with robust community health support.
Island Study Linking Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) Targeting Dementia Risk Reduction: Protocol for a Prospective Web-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bartlett Larissa , Doherty Kathleen , Farrow Maree , Kim Sarang , Hill Edward , King Anna , Alty Jane , Eccleston Claire , Kitsos Alex , Bindoff Aidan , Vickers James C 
Published: December 2021

Background
Up to 40% of incident dementia is considered attributable to behavioral and lifestyle factors. Given the current lack of medical treatments and the projected increase in dementia prevalence, a focus on prevention through risk reduction is needed.

Objective
We aim to increase dementia risk knowledge and promote changes in dementia risk behaviors at individual and population levels.

Methods
The Island Study Linking Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) is a long-term prospective, web-based cohort study with nested interventions that will be conducted over a 10-year period. Target participants (n=10,000) reside in Tasmania and are aged 50 years or over. Survey data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to modifiable dementia risk factors will be collected annually. After each survey wave, participants will be provided with a personalized dementia risk profile containing guidelines for reducing risk across 9 behavioral and lifestyle domains and with opportunities to engage in educational and behavioral interventions targeting risk reduction. Survey data will be modeled longitudinally with intervention engagement indices, cognitive function indices, and blood-based biomarkers, to measure change in risk over time.

Results
In the initial 12 months (October 2019 to October 2020), 6410 participants have provided baseline data. The study is ongoing.

Conclusions
Recruitment targets are feasible and efforts are ongoing to achieve a representative sample. Findings will inform future public health dementia risk reduction initiatives by showing whether, when, and how dementia risk can be lowered through educational and behavioral interventions, delivered in an uncontrolled real-world context.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34688
Jean Valjean
Authors: Quadros Aurora Cardoso de 
Published: December 2021

No romance Os Miseráveis, escrito por Victor Hugo no século XIX, o Bispo Myriel é representado como agente da transformação espiritual do protagonista. Sua importância legitima-se após ter sido roubado por Jean Valjean, sendo a indulgência com que reage o dispositivo que reorientará a vida daquele maltrapilho recém-liberto da prisão. Na mente do transgressor, o êxtase mental que se segue ao indulto deflagra intenso fenômeno: o redimido incorpora seu redentor. A partir desses fatos, este estudo, por meio da leitura, análise e pesquisa bibliográfica, tem por objetivo compreender e refletir sobre a representação do fenômeno ocorrido com Jean Valjean. O percurso teórico realiza associações sobre propriedades espirituais da literatura, tomando como base a dupla horaciana “duci e utile”, a função de humanização da literatura e a instância da memória. Observa-se que a obra ultrapassa a natureza estética, propiciando o estabelecimento de relações psíquicas associadas à visão de mundo e ao movimento da sensibilidade.
Phoneutrismo en Ecuador: reporte de un caso clínico
Authors: Peñafiel Mendoza Susana , Tufiño Aguilar Andrea , Herrera Ramírez Diego 
Published: December 2021

Se presenta un caso de mordedura por Phoneutria nigriventer atendido en el Hospital Pedro Vicente Maldonado en la zona subtropical del Noroccidente de Pichincha, en el año 2017. Paciente femenina de 40 años de edad mientras trabaja en tareas agrícolas sufre mordedura de araña bananera en dedo índice de mano izquierda, acudió a sala de emergencia presentando un cuadro de envenenamiento leve.
Objetivo: fortalecer conocimientos, motivar un adecuado registro, además, dar a conocer la importancia del manejo eficaz y oportuno debido a la ausencia de antídoto.
Seroprevalencia de SARS-COV-2 en una población rural del Ecuador
Authors: Larco Danny 
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio busca determinar los anticuerpos totales tipo IgG, IgM e IgA frente a SARS COV-2 en una población de la sierra ecuatoriana. El universo muestral lo comprenden 318 personas adultas, 187 hombres y 131 mujeres. El porcentaje de positividad fue del 42.5%. Previo a la toma muestral se realizó una encuesta sobre la sintomatología, pruebas diagnósticas y vacunación de SARS COV-2. Se encontró correlación de resultados positivos para nuestro test con participantes que presentaron sintomatología de infección de SARS COV-2 confirmada por PCR (89.7 %), también correlación entre personas que aseguraron no haber tenido síntomas de infección por SARS COV-2 con resultados del test negativos (75.6%). Hubo un escaso número de resultados catalogados como falsos negativos (2.8 %). Además resultados de personas que aseguraron nunca haber tenido síntomas de infección por SARS COV-2 y obtuvieron resultados positivos en los test de anticuerpos (14.7%) que vendrían a ser considerados como portadores asintomáticos.
Cambios en los rituales funerarios durante la Pandemia del Covid 19 en Ecuador
Authors: Herrera Diego 
Published: December 2021

Nancy Scheper Hughes sostiene que al morir un ser humano, muere con él su espacio, su lugar, y a la inversa, el espacio y el lugar que el individuo habitaba, pierde a quien en ellos moraba. Para estudiar la muerte se debe considerar la historia y las condiciones sociales y económicas de la persona que fallece, el poder que alcanzo cuando estaba vivo, su sistema simbólico, sus creencias, en suma, su cosmovisión (1). En el caso de los médicos su poder, curiosamente, se basa en cómo enfrentar a la inevitable muerte. Los ritos mortuorios que practican todas las culturas sirven para darle algún sentido a la muerte. Cuando una persona fallece queda el recuerdo que no tiene que ver con cómo fue “realmente” el difunto cuando vivía, sino con el acuerdo tácito, con el que los que “quedan vivos” desean establecer como recuerdo. Aparecen entonces el verdadero sentido del ritual funerario, el cual tiene como finalidad establecer en que categoría quedara el difunto; en la “memoria” o el “olvido”.Pero, ¿qué pasa en las sociedades cuando estos rituales son suspendidos?, ¿cómo la epidemia y la cercanía de la muerte trasformo la cultura?, durante el pico de mortalidad por la epidemia del COVID 19En el presente trabajo se aborda, el manejo de la condición humana sobre el nacimiento y la muerte en las sociedades occidentales con énfasis en el sistema medico occidental moderno. La pregunta de investigación se centra en describir, como la alta mortalidad y la suspensión de los rituales funerarios cambiaron la cultura y las relaciones sociales en el mundo mestizo.
ALBA y MERCOSUR en cuestión
Authors: Mellado Noemí B. 
Published: December 2021

Los procesos de integración, como todo proceso, se gestan con la consigna de iniciar un camino evolutivo en función de los objetivos que se plantean al momento de nacer. Dicho progreso se ve condicionado por el acompañamiento de los diferentes actores o agentes, tanto internos como externos, que conforman el ámbito de acción en el cual se desarrollan.
A su vez, las variables endógenas y exógenas de influencia pueden llegar a generar modificaciones que indefectiblemente impactarán en la consecución de los objetivos planteados desde el inicio, derivando en algunos casos a un mayor impulso o a sus crisis. La historia de la integración latinoamericana exhibe un camino sinuoso, algunas veces de certezas y otras de incertidumbre, que lleva a analizar y replantear por parte de académicos a dos procesos de integración en marcha: “MERCOSUR Y ALBA-TCP”.
IMPROVING ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH TALKING STICK STRATEGY AT THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 KASIMBAR
Authors: Alansah Wahyu , Nurasmawati  , Ana Kuliahana  
Published: December 2021

Students usually feel bored in vocabulary lesson because they have less vocabulary and the teacher used same strategy in every meeting. In learning vocabulary, it is important used attractive strategy in order to the students interest to learn vocabulary. This research focuses on the using of talking stick strategy to the tenth grade students’ vocabulary mastery at SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar. The researcher applied quasi experimental research design and need pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control class. The pre-test was to know the level of students’ vocabulary mastery ability before giving treatment while the post-test was used to know the result after giving treatment. There was a significant difference score of the post-test of the experimental class (696,64) and the control class (516,66). The level of significance was set up 0,05 with 18 degree of freedom ( (df) = Nx + Ny – 2 = 10 + 10 – 2). The result of data analysis indicates that tcounted (2,573) which was higher than ttable (2,153),it means that the hypothesis of the research was accepted. Thus, there was significant score improvement of using talking stick strategy to the tenth grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered terbinafine in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and the antifungal susceptibility patterns of Nannizziopsis guarroi
Authors: McEntire Michael S. , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Cox Sherry K. , Keller Krista A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To identify the antifungal susceptibility of Nanniziopsis guarroi isolates and to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered terbinafine in bearded dragons.

ANIMALS
8 healthy adult bearded dragons.

PROCEDURES
4 isolates of N guarroi were tested for antifungal susceptibility. A compounded oral solution of terbinafine (25 mg/mL [20 mg/kg]) was given before blood (0.2 mL) was drawn from the ventral tail vein at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration. Plasma terbinafine concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS
The antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations against N guarroi isolates ranged from 4,000 to > 64,000 ng/mL for fluconazole, 125 to 2,000 ng/mL for itraconazole, 125 to 2,000 ng/mL for ketoconazole, 125 to 1,000 ng/mL for posaconazole, 60 to 250 ng/mL for voriconazole, and 15 to 30 ng/mL for terbinafine. The mean ± SD peak plasma terbinafine concentration in bearded dragons was 435 ± 338 ng/mL at 13 ± 4.66 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations remained > 30 ng/mL for > 24 hours in all bearded dragons and for > 48 hours in 6 of 8 bearded dragons. Mean ± SD terminal half-life following oral administration was 21.2 ± 12.40 hours.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Antifungal susceptibility data are available for use in clinical decision making. Results indicated that administration of terbinafine (20 mg/kg, PO, q 24 to 48 h) in bearded dragons may be appropriate for the treatment of dermatomycoses caused by N guarroi. Clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of such treatment.
Comparison of the effects of open-tube and evacuated tube–assisted sampling methods on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from healthy dogs
Authors: Steiner Verena , Schwendenwein Ilse , Burgener Iwan Anton , Pagitz Maximilian , Tichy Alexander , Luckschander-Zeller Nicole 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of open-tube blood sampling with previously investigated blood sampling methods via evacuated tube on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from dogs.

ANIMALS
10 healthy Beagles from the research colony owned by the Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University Veterinary of Medicine, Vienna, were used.

PROCEDURES
In this prospective study, blood was sampled from each dog serially into citrate solution–containing tubes via 20-gauge needle. One evacuated tube was filled from a jugular vein via the evacuated tube port, and the second tube was opened and filled by catching blood flowing through the needle from a lateral saphenous vein. Venipuncture quality was scored with a previously described method. Thromboelastography was performed for each sample.

RESULTS
Inferential statistics used with the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant differences in reaction time (R) of 3.43 ± 0.84 minutes versus 4.53 ± 0.62 minutes (mean ± SD) between evacuated tube assisted and open-tube sampling, respectively. No other significant differences were identified.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The sampling methods compared have a small but significant effect on R in thromboelastographic analysis for blood samples from healthy dogs. Shear stress by vacuum sampling seems to accelerate coagulation in jugular blood samples harvested by evacuated tube, resulting in a shortened R. Results suggested that the open-tube method avoids shear stress induced activation of coagulation and is an appropriate sampling method for thromboelastography when used within a standardized protocol.