bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCU‐Net: A deep learning method for segmentation and quantification of breast arterial calcifications on mammograms
Authors: Guo Xiaoyuan , O'Neill W. Charles , Vey Brianna , Yang Tianen Christopher , Kim Thomas J. , Ghassemi Maryzeh , Pan Ian , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Trivedi Hari , Banerjee Imon 
Published: July 2021

PurposeMeasurements of breast arterial calcifications (BAC) can offer a personalized, non‐invasive approach to risk‐stratify women for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. We aim to detect and segment breast arterial calcifications in mammograms accurately and suggest novel measurements to quantify detected BAC for future clinical applications.MethodsTo separate BAC in mammograms, we propose a lightweight fine vessel segmentation method Simple Context U‐Net (SCU‐Net). Due to the large image size of mammograms, we adopt a patch‐based way to train SCU‐Net and obtain the final whole‐image‐size results by stitching patchwise results together. To further quantify calcifications, we test five quantitative metrics to inspect the progression of BAC for subjects: sum of mask probability metric (), sum of mask area metric (), sum of mask intensity metric (), sum of mask area with threshold intensity metric , and sum of mask intensity with threshold X metric . Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the metrics to longitudinally measure calcifications in a group of 26 subjects and evaluate our quantification metrics compared with calcified voxels and calcium mass on breast CT for 10 subjects.ResultsOur segmentation results are compared with state‐of‐the‐art network architectures based on recall, precision, accuracy, F1 score/Dice score, and Jaccard index evaluation metrics and achieve corresponding values of 0.789, 0.708, 0.997, 0.729, and 0.581 for whole‐image‐size results. The quantification results all show >95% correlation between quantification measures on predicted masks of SCU‐Net as compared to the groundtruth and measurement of calcification on breast CT. For the calcification quantification measurement, our calcification volume (voxels) results yield R2‐correlation values of 0.834, 0.843, 0.832, 0.798, and 0.800 for the metrics, respectively; our calcium mass results yield comparable R2‐correlation values of 0.866, 0.873, 0.840, 0.774, and 0.798 for the same metrics.ConclusionsSimple Context U‐Net is a simple method to accurately segment arterial calcification retrospectively on routine mammograms. Quantification of the calcifications based on this segmentation in the retrospective cohort study has sufficient sensitivity to detect the normal progression over time and should be useful for future research and clinical applications.
Molecular Spectra and Frequency Patterns of Somatic Mutations in Arab Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim , Abdulsamad Ahmed S. , AlAwadhi Aydah , Alrawi Sadir , Musallam Khaled M. , Arun Banu , Ibrahim Nuhad K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The role of somatic mutations in breast cancer prognosis and management continues to be recognized. However, data on the molecular profiles of Arab women are limited.

Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on medical chart review of all Arab women diagnosed with breast cancer at a single institution between 2010 and 2018 who underwent next-generation sequencing with Ampliseq 46-Gene or 50-Gene.

Results
A total of 78 Arab women were identified, with a median age at diagnosis of 52.3 years (range: 37–82 years; 38.5% ≤50 years). The majority of patients had stage III or IV disease (74.4%). Next-generation sequencing revealed the following somatic mutation rates: TP53, 23.1%; ATM, 2.6%; IDH1, 2.6%; IDH2, 3.8%; PTEN, 7.7%; PIK3CA, 15.4%; APC, 7.7%; NPM1, 2.5%; MPL, 1.3%; JAK2, 2.5%; KIT, 7.7%; KRAS, 3.8%; and NRAS, 3.8%.

Conclusion
Our study illustrates frequencies of somatic mutations in Arab women with breast cancer and suggests potential variations from estimates reported in the Western population. These data calls for larger epidemiologic studies considering the evolving role of such mutations in prognostication and personalized management.
Investigating socioeconomic inequalities in BMI growth rates during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Killedar Anagha , Lung Thomas , Hayes Alison 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany countries report socioeconomic inequalities in childhood obesity, but when they develop is not well‐characterised. Studies rarely isolate BMI growth rates from overall BMI, perhaps overlooking an important precursor to the observed inequalities in obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the age at which inequalities in BMI growth rates develop in children and whether they are similar across the BMI spectrum.MethodsUsing the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 9024), a cohort study, we measured socioeconomic inequalities in annual BMI growth from age 2 to 17 years by age, sex and weight status. We fit a linear model using generalised estimating equations (GEE) to estimate simultaneously the effects of age and weight status on inequalities in BMI growth rate.ResultsThe slope (SII) and relative (RII) indexes of inequality for annual BMI growth were greatest in middle childhood (age 4–11 years) (SII 0.25, RII 1.83 (boys) 1.78 (girls)) and were moderate during adolescence (age 10–17 years) (SII 0.11, RII 1.16 [boys] 1.15 [girls]). In early childhood, there was little evidence of inequality in annual BMI growth except in children with obesity. In middle childhood and adolescence, inequalities were greater at higher weight status. The GEE indicated that both weight status (P < 0.001) and age period (P < 0.001) affected inequalities in BMI growth rates.ConclusionsInequalities in annual BMI growth were strongest in middle childhood, and widest in children at the upper end of the BMI spectrum. This could signify a key age bracket to intervene clinically and at a public health level and improve inequalities in childhood obesity.
Rapid conversion to virtual obesity care in COVID‐19: Impact on patient care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and training
Authors: Lohnberg Jessica A. , Salcido Lianne , Frayne Susan , Mahtani Naina , Bates Cheryl , Hauser Michelle E. , Breland Jessica Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic presents challenges to maintaining interdisciplinary collaboration while transitioning care to telehealth environments. This paper describes how an intensive weight management clinic rapidly transitioned from in‐person only to a telehealth environment.MethodAs a program evaluation project, changes to clinic procedures were tracked on a weekly basis. Patients were invited to complete phone surveys after clinic appointments from 1 May 2020 to 31 July 2020. The survey included 12 items rated on a 5‐point scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”).ResultsAdaptations included converting team meetings and clinical training to phone/video platforms and transferring a complex patient tracking system to an interactive virtual format. Fifty‐eight patients completed phone surveys (81% response rate). All “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that they were satisfied with telehealth care; 51% “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that telephone visits were as good as in‐person visits; and 53% preferred phone appointments even after pandemic restrictions are eased.ConclusionsIt is feasible to rapidly transition to a telehealth clinic when supported by infrastructure and resources of a national, integrated healthcare system. Patient preferences include access to both telehealth and in‐person services. A blended telehealth/in‐person model that maintains interdisciplinary collaboration and training is necessary even after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Spray‐free polypropylene composites reinforced by coupling agent treated jute fiber
Authors: Shi Yi‐Cheng , Guan Ji‐Peng , Wu Ji‐Na , Yang Ya‐Ru , Yang Yu‐Rong , Lv Hong‐Xia , Shen Xiao‐Jun , Wang Hong‐Quan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, jute fiber and aluminum (Al) powder were used synergistically to improve the mechanical properties and color of polypropylene (PP) composites, which can be used as spray‐free materials. The effect of jute fiber and Al powder on the mechanical properties of PP composites was systematically investigated. The results show that jute fiber and Al powder can significantly improve the tensile strength and impact strength of PP. Compared with pure PP, the tensile strength, impact strength, and elastic modulus of jute/Al/PP composites were increased by 55.1%, 78.9%, and 263%, respectively. Compared with Al/PP spray‐free materials, they were increased by 11.2%, 9.07%, and 103%, respectively. Statistical analysis by one‐way analysis of variance confirmed that Al powder and jute fiber have significant improvement on the mechanical properties of PP composites.
Risk of fall‐related injury and all‐cause hospitalization of select concomitant central nervous system medication prescribing in older adult persistent opioid users: A case‐time‐control analysis
Authors: Moran Kellyn M. , Calip Gregory S. , Lee Todd A. , Koronkowski Michael J. , Lau Denys T. , Schumock Glen T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant use of central nervous system (CNS) medications frequently occurs in older adults with persistent opioid use. The risks of adverse outcomes associated with combinations of opioids, sedative hypnotics, or skeletal muscle relaxants have not been sufficiently described in this population.ObjectiveTo compare the overall and incremental risk of (1) fall‐related injury and (2) all‐cause hospitalization associated with sedative hypnotics and skeletal muscle relaxants among older persistent opioid users.MethodsA case‐time‐control study was conducted using administrative claims of adults ages ≥66 years with a history of persistent (≥90 days) opioid use. Cases included those with first (1) emergency department, hospital, or outpatient visit for a fall‐related injury, or (2) all‐cause hospitalization. Exposure to CNS medications prior to the case event versus earlier periods, and the risk associated with CNS drug class combinations and sequence of use, was estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for time trends and time‐varying covariates.ResultsAmong 140,101 older persistent opioid users, 20,723 experienced fall‐related injury and 39,444 were hospitalized during follow‐up. Skeletal muscle relaxant use was associated with an increased risk of fall‐related injury (Odds ratio [OR] 1.28) and all‐cause hospitalization (OR 1.11). Statistically significant associations were observed for the joint effects of interactions involving skeletal muscle relaxants on fall‐related injury (with opioid: OR 1.25; with sedative hypnotic: OR 1.24), and interactions involving opioids on all‐cause hospitalization (with sedative hypnotic: OR 1.10; with skeletal muscle relaxant: OR 1.17). The addition of a skeletal muscle relaxant to an opioid regimen was associated with a 25% increased risk of fall‐related injury. Additions of other CNS medications did not have apparent incremental effects on the risk of all‐cause hospitalization.ConclusionThe excess risks of fall‐related injury and hospitalization associated with various combinations of CNS medications among older persistent opioid users should be considered in therapeutic decision making. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of prone and supine positioning on the diaphragmatic work of breathing in convalescent preterm infants
Authors: Dimitriou Gabriel , Tsintoni Asimina , Vervenioti Aggeliki , Papakonstantinou Despina , Dassios Theodore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the work of breathing in the prone and supine positions in convalescent prematurely born infants.Working HypothesisThe work of breathing would be lower in the prone compared to the supine position.Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.Patient‐Subject SelectionConsecutive preterm infants breathing unsupported in room air with a gestational age of 28–34 weeks in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit were studied before discharge from neonatal care.MethodologyThe diaphragmatic pressure time product (PTPdi) was used to assess the work of breathing, calculated as the integration of transdiaphragmatic pressure over the inspiratory time. The PTPdi was measured in prone, supine, and supine with 45° head‐up tilt (supine‐tilt) positions.ResultsThe mean (SD) PTPdi was lower in the prone (259 [68] cm H2O*s/min) compared with the supine position (320 [78] cm H2O*s/min, p= .005). The mean (SD) PTPdi was lower in the supine‐tilt position (262 [76] cm H2O*s/min) compared with the supine position (p = .032). The PTPdi was not different between the prone and supine‐tilt positions (p = .600). The difference in PTPdi between prone and supine was not independently associated with gestational age (standardized coefficient = 0.262, adjusted p= .335), birth weight (standardized coefficient = −0.249, adjusted p= .394) or postmenstrual age at study (standardized coefficient = −0.025, adjusted p= .902).ConclusionsIn convalescent preterm neonates, the work of breathing may be lower in the prone and supine‐tilt positions, compared with supine.
Navigation of iliac crest graft harvest using markerless augmented reality and cutting guide technology: A pilot study
Authors: Winnand Philipp , Ayoub Nassim , Redick Tim , Gesenhues Jonas , Heitzer Marius , Peters Florian , Raith Stefan , Abel Dirk , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDefects of the facial skeleton often require complex reconstruction with vascularized grafts. This trial elucidated the usability, visual perception and accuracy of a markerless augmented reality (AR)‐guided navigation for harvesting iliac crest transplants.MethodsRandom CT scans were used to virtually plan two common transplant configurations on 10 iliac crest models, each printed four times. The transplants were harvested using projected AR and cutting guides. The duration and accuracies of the angulation, distance and volume between the planned and executed osteotomies were measured.ResultsAR was characterized by the efficient use of time and accurate rendition of preoperatively planned geometries. However, vertical osteotomies and complex anatomical settings displayed significant inferiority of AR guidance compared to cutting guides.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the usability of a markerless AR setup for harvesting iliac crest transplants. The visual perception and accuracy of the AR‐guided osteotomies constituted remaining weaknesses against cutting guide technology.
Epidemiology of pyogenic liver abscesses in Germany: Analysis of incidence, risk factors and mortality rate based on routine data from statutory health insurance
Authors: Zimmermann Lisa , Wendt Sebastian , Lübbert Christoph , Karlas Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) represent potentially life‐threatening abdominal conditions that require immediate diagnosis and therapy. European and American incidence figures vary between one and 15 per 100,000 per year. Structured epidemiological data for European countries are not available.ObjectiveTo systematically characterize the epidemiology and clinical outcome of PLA in Germany.MethodsIn representative statutory health insurance data from four million people in 2013–2019, the prevalence and incidence with clinical coding of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)‐10 code K75.0 were selected (n = 1118). Furthermore, demographics, relevant comorbidities, hospitalizations, mortality and complications were determined within one year.ResultsThe incidence of PLA was approximately seven per 100,000. The average age at diagnosis was 66 years; 65% were male. Of these, biliary disease was documented in over 60% and infectious intestinal diseases were found in 21% within the same or previous calendar year. PLA patients had high comorbidity indices. Liver transplant status, malignancies of the liver and biliary system, liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis were strongly associated. Intensive care was documented in 27% of PLA cases. Nine percent died within 12 months, most with an underlying malignant disease.ConclusionPyogenic liver abscess is a rare disease with high morbidity. Predisposing and risk factors include intestinal and biliary diseases as well as hepatic malignancies. Further research should focus on PLA therapy within prospective surveys and controlled clinical trials.
Integration of chemically modified nucleotides with DNA strand displacement reactions for applications in living systems
Authors: Kabza Adam M. , Kundu Nandini , Zhong Wenrui , Sczepanski Jonathan T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWatson–Crick base pairing rules provide a powerful approach for engineering DNA‐based nanodevices with programmable and predictable behaviors. In particular, DNA strand displacement reactions have enabled the development of an impressive repertoire of molecular devices with complex functionalities. By relying on DNA to function, dynamic strand displacement devices represent powerful tools for the interrogation and manipulation of biological systems. Yet, implementation in living systems has been a slow process due to several persistent challenges, including nuclease degradation. To circumvent these issues, researchers are increasingly turning to chemically modified nucleotides as a means to increase device performance and reliability within harsh biological environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress toward the integration of chemically modified nucleotides with DNA strand displacement reactions, highlighting key successes in the development of robust systems and devices that operate in living cells and in vivo. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of commonly employed modifications as they pertain to DNA strand displacement, as well as considerations that must be taken into account when applying modified oligonucleotide to living cells. Finally, we explore how chemically modified nucleotides fit into the broader goal of bringing dynamic DNA nanotechnology into the cell, and the challenges that remain.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Unwinding the roles ofRNAhelicaseMOV10
Authors: Nawaz Aatiqa , Shilikbay Temirlan , Skariah Geena , Ceman Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMOV10 is an RNA helicase that associates with the RNA‐induced silencing complex component Argonaute (AGO), likely resolving RNA secondary structures. MOV10 also binds the Fragile X mental retardation protein to block AGO2 binding at some sites and associates with UPF1, a principal component of the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay pathway. MOV10 is widely expressed and has a key role in the cellular response to viral infection and in suppressing retrotransposition. Posttranslational modifications of MOV10 include ubiquitination, which leads to stimulation‐dependent degradation, and phosphorylation, which has an unknown function. MOV10 localizes to the nucleus and/or cytoplasm in a cell type‐specific and developmental stage‐specific manner. Knockout ofMov10leads to embryonic lethality, underscoring an important role in development where it is required for the completion of gastrulation. MOV10 is expressed throughout the organism; however, most studies have focused on germline cells and neurons. In the testes, the knockdown ofMov10disrupts proliferation of spermatogonial progenitor cells. In brain, MOV10 is significantly elevated postnatally and binds mRNAs encoding cytoskeleton and neuron projection proteins, suggesting an important role in neuronal architecture. HeterozygousMov10mutant mice are hyperactive and anxious and their cultured hippocampal neurons have reduced dendritic arborization. Zygotic knockdown ofMov10inXenopus laeviscauses abnormal head and eye development and mislocalization of neuronal precursors in the brain. Thus, MOV10 plays a vital role during development, defense against viral infection and in neuronal development and function: its many roles and regulation are only beginning to be unraveled.This article is categorized under:RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein ComplexesRNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Conservation Detection Dogs Increase Efficacy for Prey Detection at Carnivore GPS Cluster Sites During Summer
Authors: Petroelje Tyler R. , Fowler Nicholas L. , Kautz Todd M. , Lutto Ashley L. , Davidson Gregory A. , Beyer Dean E. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTCombining carnivore movements with site visits to investigate predation events can inform investigators of carnivore diets, kill rates, and risk factors for prey. However, detecting remains of prey can be challenging when prey is small or when vegetation conceals prey. Conservation detection dogs (CDDs) have assisted with wildlife surveys to locate objects of conservation interest, often improving detection over human counterparts. We hypothesized that CDDs would improve efficacy for detection of prey remains at kill locations compared to human searchers. We compared the efficacy of CDD teams (1 dog, 1 human handler) and technician teams (2 humans) for locating prey remains at 729 carnivore cluster (potential predation) sites in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, during May to August of 2015. Carnivore species included gray wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (C. latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and American black bears (Ursus americanus). Overall, CDD teams identified prey remains at 2.3 times more clusters, required 42% less search time, and handlers traveled 83% less distance per detected prey remain compared to technician teams. Within carnivore species, CDD teams detected small prey remains at a greater rate than technician teams (4.0–4.3 times greater) for all carnivores except for bobcat which had similar detection rate. Detection of large prey remains (e.g., adult ungulates) was similar between CDD teams and technician teams. Our study supports CDDs ability to outperform humans when searching for objects of conservation interest which are visually cryptic but traceable by scent. Where logistics allow, we recommend use of CDDs over human searchers when it is a priority to locate remains of small prey and when vegetation is dense and may obscure even larger prey items. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Teil IV: Im Pflegeheim
Authors: Karl und Studierende Katrin Bente 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Teil kommen größtenteils die studentischen Teilnehmerinnen von UnVergessen zu Wort und teilen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven ihre Erfahrungen, die sie im Laufe ihrer Projektteilnahme sammeln. Da das Projekt einen umfangreichen praktischen Teil im Pflegeheim umfasst, wird in diesem Teil besonders der Einblick in den Pflegealltag in den Mittelpunkt gestellt.
From Invariance Under Binomial Thinning to Unification of the Cauchy and the Gołąb–Schinzel-Type Equations
Authors: Baron Karol , Wesolowski Jacek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe point out to a connection between a problem of invariance of power series families of probability distributions under binomial thinning and functional equations which generalize both the Cauchy and an additive form of the Gołąb–Schinzel equation. We solve these equations in several settings with no or mild regularity assumptions imposed on unknown functions.