bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total nasal reconstruction with pre‐laminated, super‐thin anterolateral thigh flap: A case report
Authors: Bali Zulfukar Ulas , Karatan Berrak , Parspancı Aziz , Tuluy Yavuz , Kececi Yavuz , Yoleri Levent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany techniques for nasal reconstruction have been described to achieve aesthetically and functionally favorable results. Local tissues, specifically the forehead flap, provide the best tissue match with the nose. However, when local tissue donor sites are limited, alternative options such as free tissue transfers should be considered. Herein, we describe a case of a 72‐year‐old male patient who had a total nasal and left malar defect reconstructed with a two‐staged, pre‐laminated, super‐thin anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. The patient's nasectomy was performed 15 years ago. The adjacent left malar defect was due to recent squamous cell carcinoma excision. Local tissues were unavailable for reconstruction due to previous tumor excisions. For the 8.5 × 5 cm defect, a 12.5 × 8 cm ALT flap was planned, with 7.5 × 8 cm for nasal reconstruction and 5 × 4 cm for malar reconstruction. During the first stage, a super‐thin fascial ALT flap was raised without dissecting the perforators, and the nasal skeleton was laminated between these two flaps. Costal cartilages were harvested for the nasal skeleton and positioned between the suprafascial and the fascial ALT flaps. During the second stage, two perforators were dissected to the pedicle on the pre‐laminated flap, and the flap was divided from the donor site. The nasal skeleton was fixed and anastomosis with the facial vessels was established. After both stages, no complications were observed. After one month, a revision surgery was performed to enhance the transition between the reconstructed nose and the cheek, and improve the nasal projection. Postoperatively, after one year, the patient had a stable nasal reconstruction with good breathing. Prelaminated, super‐thin ALT flaps provide the advantages of a wide and versatile donor site and an acceptable donor site scar. They may be an option for patients who are not amenable to traditional reconstruction methods.
A phase 1 study of prexasertib (LY2606368), a CHK1/2 inhibitor, in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including CNS tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Early Phase Clinical Trials Network (ADVL1515)
Authors: Cash Thomas , Fox Elizabeth , Liu Xiaowei , Minard Charles G. , Reid Joel M. , Scheck Adrienne C. , Weigel Brenda J. , Wetmore Cynthia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrexasertib (LY2606368) is a novel, second‐generation, selective dual inhibitor of checkpoint kinase proteins 1 (CHK1) and 2 (CHK2). We conducted a phase 1 trial of prexasertib to estimate the maximum‐tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), to define and describe the toxicities, and to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prexasertib in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.MethodsPrexasertib was administered intravenously (i.v.) on days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle. Four dose levels, 80, 100, 125, and 150 mg/m2, were evaluated using a rolling‐six design. PK analysis was performed during cycle 1. Tumor tissue was examined for biomarkers (CHK1 and TP53) of prexasertib activity.ResultsThirty patients were enrolled; 25 were evaluable. The median age was 9.5 years (range: 2‐20) and 21 (70%) were male. Twelve patients (40%) had solid tumors and 18 patients (60%) had CNS tumors. There were no cycle 1 or later dose‐limiting toxicities. Common cycle 1, drug‐related grade 3/4 toxicities (> 10% of patients) included neutropenia (100%), leukopenia (68%), thrombocytopenia (24%), lymphopenia (24%), and anemia (12%). There were no objective responses; best overall response was stable disease in three patients for five cycles (hepatocellular carcinoma), three cycles (ependymoma), and five cycles (undifferentiated sarcoma). The PK appeared dose proportional across the 80‐150 mg/m2 dose range.ConclusionsAlthough the MTD of prexasertib was not defined by this study, 150 mg/m2 administered i.v. on days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle was determined to be the RP2D.
Nonlocal heat conduction in single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pourasghar Amin , Yang Wenzhi , Pasini Domiano , Chen Zengtao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how reinforcing the hyperbolic heat conduction by the nonlocality affects temperature distribution in nanostructures such as nanobeam and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The work dissects the nonlocal heat conduction by advocating a thoroughly new application of the differential quadrature method. The nanobeam is modeled like a SWCNT (cylindrical shell), and the boundaries on the inner and outer sides are considered under a temperature jump at the nanoscale. The effects of several parameters on the temperature distribution through the thickness of the nanobeam are highlighted, including time‐dependent boundary conditions, time lag, nonlocal parameter, length, and radius of the hollow beam.
Effect of fly ash and coupling agent on the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styreneblend
Authors: Ez‐Zahraoui Siham , Kassab Zineb , Ablouh El‐houssaine , Sehaqui Houssine , Bouhfid Rachid , Alami Jones , El Achaby Mounir , Qaiss Abou El Kacem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, coal fly ash (FA) was used as a reinforcement in a thermoplastic matrix blend of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PA/ABS). In the first part of this work, the as‐received FA (raw FA) was sieved with a 25 μm sieve to obtain FA with particle size less than 25 μm (FA). Then, the physicochemical properties of the raw FA and the FA were determined. Afterwards, FA was used to prepare a masterbatch of 20 wt% FA and 80 wt% PA by twin‐screw extrusion. Using this masterbatch, composites with different FA contents (4.5, 9, 14, and 18.5 wt%), with and without styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) (S‐g‐M), were produced by extrusion, which was followed by injection molding. Subsequently, several characterization techniques were performed to investigate the effect of FA loading and the S‐g‐M coupling agent on the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the developed composites. The results showed that incorporating FA particles in the matrix blend improved the thermal stability and crystallinity, the Young's modulus, the tensile strength, and torsional properties of the composites. In contrast, the addition of S‐g‐M coupling agent to the polymer composites improved the interfacial adhesion between FA particles and the matrix blend. This further enhanced the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the polymer composites. Overall, the use of FA as an inorganic filler improves the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer composites and shows a potential for promising applications.
Penetration resistance and mechanical properties of graphene oxide/epoxy resin—A molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Ren Sixi , Yang Qingsheng , Shang Junjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe penetration of salt solution into graphene oxide/epoxy resin (GO/EP) will cause structural damage, decrease in mechanical properties, and reduce service life. In this study, molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the penetration of the 3.5% NaCl solution through the GO/EP. In order to understand the effect of GO surface functional groups on the barrier properties of the GO/EP, a pure graphene model and three kinds of GO models modified with oxygen‐containing functional groups (ether, hydroxyl, and carboxyl) were established, respectively. The penetration resistance of GO/EP was analyzed. The type of oxygen‐containing functional group affects the penetration rate of the salt solution and the GO/EP interface performance. The spatial distribution and kinetic behavior of the salt solution were studied. The results show that the salt solution molecules trapped in GO/EP were mainly concentrated at the interface between GO and EP, which is the main reason for the degradation of the GO/EP interface performance. Affected by GO, the penetration process of ions can be divided into multiple stages, and its motion state was different depending on the type of functional group.
Prescription of antibiotics in the medical care of newly arrived refugees and migrants
Authors: Kleinert Evelyn , Hillermann Nele , Jablonka Alexandra , Happle Christine , Müller Frank , Simmenroth Anne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeUnnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics is a widespread problem in primary care. However, current data on the care of refugees and migrants in initial reception centers is pending. This article provides data on prescription frequencies of various antibiotics and associated diagnoses.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, patient data of 3255 patients with 6376 medical contacts in two initial reception centers in Germany were analyzed. Patient data, collected by chart review, included sociodemographic characteristics, diagnoses, and prescriptions. Antibiotic prescription behavior and corresponding physician‐coded diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsNineteen percent of all patients in our study received systemic antibiotics during the observation period, with children below the age of 10 years receiving antibiotics most frequently (24%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (65%), macrolides (12%), and cephalosporins (7%). The most frequent diagnoses associated with antibiotic prescription were acute tonsillitis (26%), bronchitis (21%), infections of the upper respiratory tract (14%), and urinary tract infections (10%). In case of acute bronchitis 74% of the antibiotic prescriptions were probably not indicated. In addition, we found a significant number of inappropriate prescriptions such as amoxicillin for tonsillitis (67%), and ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazol for urinary tract infections (49%).ConclusionRegarding inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in refugee healthcare, this study shows a rate ranging from 8% for upper respiratory tract infections to 75% for acute bronchitis. Unnecessary use of antibiotics is a global problem contributing to gratuitous costs, side effects, and antimicrobial resistance. This research contributes to the development of stringent antibiotic stewardship regiments in the particularly vulnerable population of migrants and refugees.
Crystal structure and molecular dynamics of human POLDIP2, a multifaceted adaptor protein in metabolism and genome stability
Authors: Kulik Anastasija A. , Maruszczak Klaudia K. , Thomas Dana C. , Nabi‐Aldridge Naomi L. A. , Carr Martin , Bingham Richard J. , Cooper Christopher D. O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolymerase δ‐interacting protein 2 (POLDIP2, PDIP38) is a multifaceted, “moonlighting” protein, involved in binding protein partners from many different cellular processes, including mitochondrial metabolism and DNA replication and repair. How POLDIP2 interacts with many different proteins is unknown. Towards this goal, we present the crystal structure of POLDIP2 to 2.8 Å, which exhibited a compact two‐domain β‐strand‐rich globular structure, confirmed by circular dichroism and small angle X‐ray scattering approaches. POLDIP2 comprised canonical DUF525 and YccV domains, but with a conserved domain linker packed tightly, resulting in an “extended” YccV module. A central channel was observed, which we hypothesize could influence structural changes potentially mediated by redox conditions, following observation of a modified cysteine residue in the channel. Unstructured regions were rebuilt by ab initio modelling to generate a model of full‐length POLDIP2. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a highly dynamic N‐terminal region tethered to the YccV‐domain by an extended linker, potentially facilitating interactions with distal binding partners. Models of POLDIP2 complexed with two of its partners, PrimPol and PCNA, indicated that dynamic flexibility of the POLDIP2 N‐terminus and loop regions likely mediate protein interactions.
Advanced multivariate cumulative sum control charts based on principal component method with application
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Zaman Babar , Mehmood Rashid , Abbas Nasir , Abujiya Mu'azu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExisting multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) control charts involve entire associated variables of a process to monitor variations in the mean vector. In this study, we have offered MCUSUM control charts with principal component method (PCM). The proposed MCUSUM control charts with PCM capture the whole process variations using fewer latent variables (principal components) while preserving as much data variability as possible. To show the significance of proposed MCUSUM control charts with PCM, various performance measures are considered including average run length, extra quadratic loss, relative average run length, and performance comparison index. Furthermore, performance measures are calculated through advanced Monte Carlo simulation method to explore the behavior of proposed MCUSUM control charts and to conduct comparative analysis with existing models. Results revealed that proposed MCUSUM control charts with PCM are efficient to detect variations timely by involving smaller number of principal components instead of considering entire associated variables. Also, proposed MCUSUM control charts have the ability to accommodate the features of existing control charts, which are illustrated as the special cases. Besides, to highlight the implementation mechanism and advantages of proposed MCUSUM control charts with PCM, a real‐life example from wind turbine process is included.
Tocilizumab in COVID‐19 pneumonia: Practical proposals based on a narrative review of randomised trials
Authors: Klopfenstein Timothée , Gendrin Vincent , Kadiane‐Oussou N'dri Juliette , Conrozier Thierry , Zayet Souheil ,   For the HNF Hospital Tocilizumab Multidisciplinary Team
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we express our opinion about tocilizumab as an effective treatment in coronavirus disease 2019, based on a narrative review and a deep analysis of tocilizumab randomised trial results. Eight trials were included. No one was in favour for controlled arm about main endpoint of death or mechanical ventilation incidence at day 28–30. Five trials on heterogenous populations seem to not demonstrate tocilizumab efficacy, but showed encouraging results in subgroup analysis on severe/critical patients (in favour for tocilizumab). Trials on severe/critical COVID‐19 pneumonia as REMAP‐CAP and RECOVERY showed mortality benefit of tocilizumab administration; CORIMUNO, REMAP‐CAP and RECOVERY showed that tocilizumab decreased the incidence of mechanical ventilation. No safety signal about tocilizumab used was noticed in all trials. We concluded that tocilizumab reduces mortality and mechanical ventilation requirement if administered with the right timing in COVID‐19 pneumonia. The challenge now is to define the optimal group and timing for tocilizumab benefit and we suggest that: (i) tocilizumab has a place in treatment of severe/critical COVID‐19 pneumonia, with a high level of O2 flow or noninvasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula; (ii) possibly early after intubation in patients on mechanical ventilation. Initiating tocilizumab in critically ill patients early before irreversible respiratory failure, especially in patients at an inflammatory stage could be the key to successful outcome.
Event‐triggered fault estimation for discrete time‐varying systems subject to sector‐bounded nonlinearity: A Krein space based approach
Authors: Li Yueyang , Liu Shuai , Zhao Dong , Shi Xiaorui , Cui Yigang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, event‐triggered fault estimation (FE) problem for a class of discrete‐time dynamic systems subject to sector‐bounded nonlinearity and time‐varying coefficients is investigated. For a given event‐triggered measurement transmission scheme, the event‐induced output non‐persistence for the fault estimator is modeled by norm‐bounded observation uncertainty. After giving a suitable H∞ performance index and formulating the estimation problem for the concerned nonlinear system with event‐triggered measurements, an auxiliary model in a quasi‐linear form and an associated H∞ performance function are established. With the aid of this auxiliary model and performance function, the sector‐bounded nonlinearity condition and the induced observation uncertainty are packaged simultaneously, and the considered H∞ FE problem in Hilbert space is recast as an H2 deconvolution filtering issue in Krein space. Through designing Krein space based model with appropriate inner products, and using the orthogonally projection technique, fault estimator is derived in an analytical and recursive manner. The condition that ensures the existence of the estimator is also obtained. Two examples are adopted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Bio‐Metabolism‐Driven Crystalline‐Engineering of CdS Quantum Dots for Highly Active Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Xu Li‐Xia , Wang Yan‐Zhai , Zhou Dao , Chen Meng‐Yuan , Yang Xue‐Jin , Ye Xiao‐Mei , Yong Yang‐Chun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiosynthesis was considered as a green and sustainable approach for nanomaterials fabrication. However, it is still quite challenging to fine tune the biosynthesis process for high‐quality photocatalytic nanomaterials. In this study, an aerobic approach for biosynthesis of photocatalytic CdS quantum dots (QDs) by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 was developed. Interestingly, it was found that by simply tuning the concentration of substrates, the crystalline structure of the CdS QDs was transformed between cubic phase and hexagonal phase. The hexagonal CdS QDs synthesized by simple substrate‐metabolism regulation exhibited high photocatalytic H2 evolution activity (21 mmol H2/g CdS/h), which was the highest record for CdS QDs. This finding demonstrated the possibility to well control the crystalline structure of biosynthesized QDs by simple bio‐metabolism regulation and provided a bio‐metabolism‐driven green route for crystalline engineering.
Did you get that thing I sent you? Mediating effects of strain and work‐family conflict on the telepressure and burnout relationship
Authors: Page Kyle J. , Nastasi Anna , Voyles Elora 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmployees who feel the urge and preoccupation to respond to workplace asynchronous communication quickly may be suffering from workplace telepressure (WPT). Although information and communication technologies have many organizational benefits, it is imperative to understand the cost of blurring work and family roles. Using the Job Demands‐Resources model, the relationship between WPT and key outcomes, such as strain, work‐family conflict, family‐work conflict (FWC), and burnout was examined. In Study 1, a sample of 220 working students supported the mediation of strain in the WPT and work‐family and family‐work relationship. Additionally, Study 2 expanded this model using a sample of 269 working individuals. Specifically, the relationship between WPT and burnout was sequentially mediated by strain and either work‐family or FWC. Implications are discussed.
Hydrogels as Emerging Materials for Cornea Wound Healing
Authors: Khosravimelal Sadjad , Mobaraki Mohammadmahdi , Eftekhari Samane , Ahearne Mark , Seifalian Alexander Marcus , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogel biomaterials have many favorable characteristics including tuneable mechanical behavior, cytocompatibility, optical properties suitable for regeneration and restoration of the damaged cornea tissue. The cornea is a tissue susceptible to various injuries and traumas with a complicated healing cascade, in which conserving its transparency and integrity is critical. Accordingly, the hydrogels’ known properties along with the stimulation of nerve and cell regeneration make them ideal scaffold for corneal tissue engineering. Hydrogels have been used extensively in clinical applications for the repair and replacement of diseased organs. The development and optimizing of novel hydrogels to repair/replace corneal injuries have been the main focus of researches within the last decade. This research aims to critically review in vitro, preclinical, as well as clinical trial studies related to corneal wound healing using hydrogels in the past 10 years, as this is considered as an emerging technology for corneal treatment. Several unique modifications of hydrogels with smart behaviors have undergone early phase clinical trials and showed promising outcomes. Financially, this considers a multibillion dollars industry and with huge interest from medical devices as well as pharmaceutical industries with several products may emerge within the next five years.
Enzymatic Preparation of Non‐Reducing Oligosaccharides from Maltodextrins and Nigerooligosaccharides
Authors: Huang Xia , Jiang Bo , Chen Jingjing , Zhang Tao , Zheng Luhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon‐reducing oligosaccharides with α‐1,1‐ linkages possess unique physicochemical properties, including emulsion stabilizing, moisturizing, pH, and thermal stability. Owing to their non‐reducing quality, they generate fewer colors and flavors when heated through participation in the Maillard reaction. In this study, an enzymatic preparation of non‐reducing maltooligosyl trehalose from maltodextrins, and 3‐O‐α‐d‐glucosyl trehalose from nigerooligosaccharides (NOS) is developed using maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase). The non‐reducing oligosaccharides are analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the decrease in reducing sugar is determined by 3, 5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The results showed that maltooligosyl trehalose is prepared from commercial maltodextrin, and the loading of 500 U g–1 maltodextrin of MTSase helps ensure that a large proportion of maltotriose is transformed into the glucosyl trehalose. In addition, the reducing power dropped between 61–78%, which indicates that MTSase has a high application potential in the preparation of maltooligosyl trehalose. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report using MTSase to directly prepare maltooligosyl trehalose from commercial maltodextrin. However, 3‐O‐α‐d‐glucosyl trehalose is barely detected through HPLC. Therefore, the approach to obtain maltooligosyl trehalose from maltodextrins is achieved, while the attempt to obtain 3‐O‐α‐d‐glucosyl trehalose from NOS is not successful.