bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garcinol from Garcinia indica inhibits HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase‐associated ribonuclease H
Authors: Corona Angela , Seibt Sebastian , Schaller David , Schobert Rainer , Volkamer Andrea , Biersack Bernhard , Tramontano Enzo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe bioactive components of Garcinia indica, garcinol (camboginol), and isogarcinol (cambogin), are suitable drug candidates for the treatment of various human diseases. HIV‐1‐RNase H assay was used to study the RNase H inhibition by garcinol and isogarcinol. Docking of garcinol into the active site of the enzyme was carried out to rationalize the difference in activities between the two compounds. Garcinol showed higher HIV‐1‐RNase H inhibition than the known inhibitor RDS1759 and retained full potency against the RNase H of a drug‐resistant HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase form. Isogarcinol was distinctly less active than garcinol, indicating the importance of the enolizable β‐diketone moiety of garcinol for anti‐RNase H activity. Docking calculations confirmed these findings and suggested this moiety to be involved in the chelation of metal ions of the active site. On the basis of its HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase‐associated RNase H inhibitory activity, garcinol is worth being further explored concerning its potential as a cost‐effective treatment for HIV patients.
Criss‐cross heart three‐dimensional printed models in medical education: A multicenter study on their value as a supporting tool to conventional imaging
Authors: Valverde Israel , Gomez Gorka , Byrne Nick , Anwar Shafkat , Silva Cerpa Miguel Angel , Martin Talavera Maria , Pushparajah Kuberan , Velasco Forte Maria Nieves 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe utility of three‐dimensional (3D) printed models for medical education in complex congenital heart disease (CHD) is sparse and limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of 3D printed models for medical education in criss‐cross hearts covering a wide range of participants with different levels of knowledge and experience, from medical students, clinical fellows up to senior medical personnel. Study participants were enrolled from four dedicated imaging workshops developed between 2016 and 2019. The study design was a non‐randomized cross‐over study to evaluate 127 participants' level of understanding of the criss‐cross heart anatomy. This was evaluated using the scores obtained following teaching with conventional images (echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging) versus a 3D printed model learning approach. A significant improvement in anatomical knowledge of criss‐cross heart anatomy was observed when comparing conventional imaging test scores to 3D printed model tests [76.9% (61.5%–87.8%) vs. 84.6% (76.9%–96.2%), P < 0.001]. The increase in the questionnaire marks was statistically significant across all academic groups (consultants in pediatric cardiology, fellows in pediatric cardiology, and medical students). Ninety‐four percent (120) and 95.2% (121) of the participants agreed or strongly agreed, respectively, that 3D models helped them to better understand the medical images. Participants scored their overall satisfaction with the 3D printed models as 9.1 out of 10 points. In complex CHD such as criss‐cross hearts, 3D printed replicas improve the understanding of cardiovascular anatomy. They enhanced the teaching experience especially when approaching medical students.
Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of N‐Alkyl‐N′‐(2‐benzylphenyl)ureas on Gelation
Authors: Komiyama Tomoki , Harada Yoko , Hase Takayuki , Mori Sota , Kimura Shinya , Yokoya Masashi , Yamanaka Masamichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUrea derivatives that were substituted with a 2‐benzylphenyl group and an alkyl group functioned as low molecular weight gelators for various organic solvents and ionic liquids. Urea derivatives with long alkyl chains were effective for the gelation of polar solvents. However, they were not suitable for the gelation of non‐polar solvents, whereas urea derivatives with short alkyl chains were effective. Ionic liquids were similar to polar solvents in that urea derivatives with long alkyl chains were the most effective gelators. The physical properties of the formed supramolecular gels were analyzed by dynamic viscoelasticity measurements using a rheometer.
Linear matrix inequalities‐based adaptive time‐delayed sliding mode control for ships considering ship–bank interaction effect and shallow water effect
Authors: Xue Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo deal with the uncertain system models with less computational cost, expertise knowledge and parameter tuning, a linear matrix inequalities (LMI)‐based adaptive time‐delayed sliding mode control algorithm is proposed. It is used for ships berthing or sailing near the bank or the pier of a bridge considering ship–bank interaction effect and shallow water effect. The closed‐loop system is proved to be uniform ultimate bounded based on the Lyapunov–Razumikhin function in terms of LMI. The switching function is designed to make the system robust to uncertainties and external disturbances and avoid chattering. The trajectory of the system space is contractive and asymptotically tends to the desired position and attitude. The influence of different control parameters on the control effect are compared and analyzed. The results show that when the control coefficients are small, the overshoot of the system is small. The adjustment time of the system is long. When the control coefficients are large, the overshoot of the system is obvious. The adjustment time of the system is shortened. Influence analysis of different input time delays show that when the input delay is long, it takes longer time for the system to reach its desired position with higher overshoot. When the input delay is short, it takes shorter time for the system to reach its desired position with lower overshoot.
Measuring social‐communication difficulties in school‐age siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: Standardized versus naturalistic assessment
Authors: Gangi Devon N. , Hill Monique Moore , Maqbool Shyeena , Young Gregory S. , Ozonoff Sally 
Published: May 2021

AbstractYounger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; high‐risk siblings) are at elevated risk for developing the broader autism phenotype (BAP), which consists of subclinical features of ASD. We examined conversational skills in a naturalistic context and standardized assessments of pragmatic language and communication skills in high‐risk and low‐risk school‐age children with BAP (n = 22) and ASD (n = 18) outcomes, as well as comparison children without ASD or BAP (n = 135). Children with BAP characteristics exhibited lower conversational skills than comparison children, but did not differ on any of three standardized measures. Only the conversational ratings significantly predicted membership in the BAP versus Comparison group. This suggests that naturalistic tasks are crucial when assessing social‐communication difficulties in children with a family history of ASD.Lay SummaryThe broader autism phenotype (BAP) consists of subclinical features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is more common among family members of those with ASD. School‐age children with BAP characteristics exhibited lower conversational skills than comparison children, but did not differ on standardized language measures tapping similar abilities. This suggests that naturalistic tasks may be more sensitive to the social‐communication difficulties seen in some children with a family history of ASD than the standardized language tests used in most evaluations.
Zombie ideas about early endosymbiosis: Which entry mechanisms gave us the “endo” in different endosymbionts?
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, a review regarding the mechanics and evolution of mitochondrial fission appeared in Nature. Surprisingly, it stated authoritatively that the mitochondrial outer membrane, in contrast with the inner membrane of bacterial descent, was acquired from the host, presumably during uptake. However, it has been known for quite some time that this membrane was also derived from the Gram‐negative, alpha‐proteobacterium related precursor of present‐day mitochondria. The zombie idea of the host membrane still surrounding the endosymbiont is not only wrong, but more importantly, might hamper the proper conception of possible scenarios of eukaryogenesis. Why? Because it steers the imagination not only with regard to possible uptake mechanisms, but also regarding what went on before. Here I critically discuss both the evidence for the continuity of the bacterial outer membrane, the reasons for the persistence of the erroneous host membrane hypothesis and the wider implications of these misconceptions for the ideas regarding events occurring during the first steps towards the evolution of the eukaryotes and later major eukaryotic differentiations. I will also highlight some of the latest insights regarding different instances of endosymbiont evolution.
Temperature sensitive properties and preparation of europium complexes with double ligands
Authors: Guo Xin , Sun Jing , Li Xiao , Yin Yu‐ting , Zhou Chen , Su Zhong‐min , Khakhinov Vyacheslav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTemperature sensitive paints (TSPs) are a class of rising materials for non‐contact temperature measurement technology. Efficient complexes with remarkable luminescent properties play the core role in TSPs. Rare earth organic complexes are often used as probe molecules for TSPs because of their long fluorescence lifetime, narrow fluorescence emission peaks, high fluorescence intensity, and large Stokes shift. Herein, two europium‐based complexes, Eu(PCCA)3phen and Eu (PMCA)3phen, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, using europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3), p‐chlorocinnamic acid (PCCA), p‐methoxy cinnamic acid (PMCA) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) as raw materials. Two temperature sensitive paints (Eu(PCCA)3phen/PMMA and Eu(PMCA)3phen/PMMA) were obtained by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with different europium complexes. The structure, morphology, luminescent properties of the europium complexes and temperature quenching properties of the TSPs were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence results show that both of the two TSPs have good temperature quenching performance in the range 20–100°C with high sensitivity 50–60°C and 80–90°C, respectively. Furthermore, the highest sensitivity of Eu(PCCA)3phen/PMMA is greater than that of Eu(PMCA)3phen/PMMA. This work can provide a universal way for preparing efficient TSPs in practical applications.
Navigating through firm–environmental groups' relationships: The impact of societal trust on corporate environmental strategy
Authors: Saeed Abubakr , Riaz Hammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of societal trust on corporate environmental strategy with particular reference to the firm–environmental groups' relationship, which has received very little attention in trust literature. Using data on 2332 firms from 16 countries, we find that societal trust exerts a negative effect on the likelihood of ISO 14001 certification. The negative relationship between societal trust and the likelihood of ISO 14001 is more pronounced for firms having intense collaboration with environmental groups. However, this effect appears to be weak in higher market uncertainty. These findings, besides significantly adding to the literature, have practical and managerial implications.
Kushiyaki‐related Streptococcus suis meningitis with ventriculitis: A case report
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Nasu Michitaka , Itokazu David , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStreptococcus suis causes a zoonotic disease that commonly manifests as meningitis. People handle pork or its derivatives are at a high risk of infection. Handwashing and donning personal protective equipment are the practical preventive measures.
Fabrication of a Sandwich‐like VS4‐Graphene Composite via Self‐assembly for Highly Stable Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hao , Peng Jiawen , Wang Junpeng , Ren Yuanyuan , Zeng Wenjie , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVanadium tetrasulfide (VS4) owns a distinctive linear‐chain structure which might provide potential sites for lithium‐ion storage. Although it has drew recent attention as an anode material, issues relevant to cycling stability remain unresolved. In this study, a composite of fine‐sized VS4 nanoparticles embedded in graphene sheets (VS4‐G) was prepared using a one‐pot hydrothermal route. It was found that the as‐prepared VS4‐G have a sandwich‐like structure obtained via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the VS4‐G anode maintained a capacity of 667 mA h g−1 after cycling100 times at 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, the VS4‐G anode achieved highly stable long‐term cycling properties at 1 A g−1. The synergistic effect between the fine crystal size of VS4 and the intrinsic adequate electronic properties of graphene facilitated the effortless and rapid lithium‐ion diffusion in the composite; it was also responsible for the excellent electrochemical performance of the VS4‐G anode. In addition, the robust sandwich‐like structure enabled a stable cycling performance of the VS4‐G anode.
Ru‐TsDPEN catalysts and derivatives in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes current developments, novel synthetic routes for Ruthenium tethered chiral catalyst, and its derivatives along with its application in asymmetric synthesis. The review also covers derivatization in tethering unit, modification in N‐monofunctionalized ligand as well as ligation of other ligand with Ru metal in chiral catalyst. Apparently, the effect of a modified tethered catalyst in the enantioselective synthesis of chiral products as well as in synthetic chemistry is also discussed in detail.
Patient perceptions and use of non‐statin lipid lowering therapy among patients with or at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Insights from the PALM registry
Authors: Lowenstern Angela , Li Shuang , Navar Ann Marie , Virani Salim S. , Roger Veronique L. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Goldberg Anne C. , Kampman Wendy , Peterson Eric D. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐statin lipid lowering therapies (LLTs) provide additional treatment options for patients. Use patterns and patient perceptions of non‐statin LLT remain incompletely described.HypothesisThe guideline‐recommended statin intensity remains underutilized in patients treated with and without non‐statin LLT.MethodsThe PALM Registry collected LLT information on patients with or at risk of ASCVD treated at 125 US clinics in 2015. We compared patient perceptions, lipid levels and statin use among patients treated with and without non‐statin LLT.ResultsAmong 7720 patients, 1930 (25.0%) were treated with a non‐statin LLT (1249 fish oil, 417 fibrates, 329 ezetimibe, 196 niacin). Concurrent statin treatment occurred in 73.7%, of which 45.4% were dosed under the guideline‐recommended intensity. Compared with patients on statin alone, patients receiving both a statin and non‐statin LLT (n = 1423) were more likely to be male, white race and to perceive themselves as higher risk of ASCVD compared with their peers (38.5% vs. 34.9%, p = .047). Only 27.4% of patients treated with non‐statin LLT alone perceived themselves at higher risk. Most (75.7%) patients treated with a non‐statin LLT alone reported never being treated with a statin, despite ASCVD in 30.8% of these patients. Among those previously treated with a statin, 59.3% reported being willing to try a statin again.ConclusionsNon‐statin LLT is used in one in four patients with or at risk for ASCVD; its use is frequently in place of statin therapy or in the absence of guideline‐recommended statin intensity. More work is needed to establish statins as first line therapy.
Designing Simple Conjugated Polymers for Scalable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Rech Jeromy James , Neu Justin , Qin Yunpeng , Samson Stephanie , Shanahan Jordan , Josey Richard F. , Ade Harald , You Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConjugated polymers have a long history of exploration and use in organic solar cells, and over the last twenty‐five years, marked increases in the solar cell efficiency have been achieved. However, the synthetic complexity of these materials has also drastically increased, which makes the scalability of the highest‐efficiency materials difficult. If conjugated polymers could be designed to exhibit both high efficiency and straightforward synthesis, the road to commercial reality would be more achievable. For that reason, a new synthetic approach was designed towards PTQ10 (=poly[(thiophene)‐alt‐(6,7‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)]). The new synthetic approach to make PTQ10 brought a significant reduction in cost (1/7th the original) and could also easily accommodate different side chains to move towards green processing solvents. Furthermore, high‐efficiency organic solar cells were demonstrated with a PTQ10:Y6 blend exhibiting approximately 15 % efficiency.
Direction of arrival estimation in multipath environments using deep learning
Authors: Harkouss Youssef 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis article aims to present a novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation strategy in multipath environments using deep learning. Eigen decomposition‐based algorithms, such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC), have high‐resolution DOA estimation performance, but they fail to work in the case of coherent signals. These algorithms require extensive computation and are difficult to implement in real time. Neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial basis function neural network [RBFNN]) are also applied to DOA estimation problem, and they are found to be faster than the conventional techniques, but they fail to ensure the desired accuracy in multipath environments when the training data set contains a huge number of samples and the number of incident signals was unknown. To enhance the DOA estimation performance, an efficient convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based smart antenna is proposed. This smart antenna is composed of a uniform linear array (ULA), an intelligent DOA estimator, and an efficient adaptive beamformer, and the space is decomposed into five space sectors. The intelligent DOA estimator contains six CNN networks. One network is used as a classifier to select one or more space sectors, and five networks are used to calculate the DOAs of unknown number of coherent or noncoherent incident signals that received in the selected space sectors. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DOA estimator enables reliable DOA estimation despite very challenging multipath environment, and the CNN substantially reduces the CPU time for the DOA estimation computations especially when the number of incident signals is large.
Quadrature spatial modulation‐aided single‐input multiple‐output‐media‐based modulation
Authors: Bamisaye Ayodeji J. , Quazi Tahmid 
Published: May 2021

SummarySingle‐input multiple‐output media‐based modulation (SIMO‐MBM) improves the limitation of single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) systems by minimizing the required number of antennas to achieve a high data rate and enhanced error performance. In this paper, we employ the quadrature dimension of the spatial constellation by decomposing the amplitude/phase modulation (APM) symbol into real and imaginary components similar to quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) to improve the overall error performance of the conventional SIMO‐MBM and to achieve a higher data rate. The average bit error probability of the proposed scheme is formulated using a lower bound approach and validated by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results obtained. Furthermore, the effect of the suboptimal mirror activation pattern selection using channel amplitude coupled with antenna correlatio n is examined for the proposed system. The MC simulation results achieved demonstrate a substantial improvement of 3.5 dB at 10 b/s/Hz withmrf = 2 and 7 dB at 12 b/s/Hz withmrf = 4 over the conventional SIMO‐MBM scheme.
Elevated urinary albumin concentration predicts worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized acute decompensated heart failure patients
Authors: Wang Yunhong , Zhao Xuemei , Zhai Mei , Fan Chaomei , Huang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Tian Pengchao , An Tao , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of elevated urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in hospitalized acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients.MethodsWe measured UAC at baseline in 1818 hospitalized ADHF patients who were admitted to our Heart Failure Center. All patients were followed up for a median period of 937.5 days. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death or heart transplantation (HTx) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.ResultsIn total, 41.5% of ADHF patients had albuminuria (UAC ≥ 20 mg/L). The median value of UAC was 15.5 mg/L. A total of 679 patients died or underwent HTx/LVAD during follow‐up. The median UAC was significantly lower in non‐HTx/LVAD survivors (14.3 mg/L) than in those who died or underwent HTx/LVAD (18.0 mg/L, P < 0.001). Compared with patients without albuminuria (reference, n = 1064), those with albuminuria had a 1.47‐fold higher risk of all‐cause death or HTx/LVAD (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.26–1.71, P < 0.001), with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.21–1.66) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.33–2.26) in patients with microalbuminuria (20 mg/L ≤ UAC < 200 mg/L, n = 617) and macroalbuminuria (UAC ≥ 200 mg/L, n = 137), respectively (both P < 0.001). After adjustment for significant clinical risk factors, the albuminuria group had a higher risk of primary adverse events than the non‐albuminuria group (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09–1.50, P = 0.003), with HRs of 1.27 [95% CI: 1.07–1.49] and 1.36 [95% CI: 1.01–1.84] in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, respectively (P = 0.006 and P = 0.041). The adjusted risk of primary adverse events also increased with the degree of albuminuria in the test for trend (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.37, P for trend = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis, albuminuria had a significantly greater prognostic value for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40%, eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, BUN/creatinine ratio ≥ 20 or NT‐proBNP < 2098 pg/mL.ConclusionThe presence of albuminuria evaluated by UAC predicts adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized ADHF patients.
Optimization of Ultrasound‐Assisted Alkali Neutralization in the Refining of Safflower Oil to Minimize the Loss of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Ablay Özgür Devrim , Özdikicierler Onur , Saygın Gümüşkesen Aytaç 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, ultrasound‐assisted (UA) neutralization parameters are optimized using the response surface methodology to develop a novel alkali neutralization method based on the minimal refining concept. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), magnesium oxide (MgO), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are used in both the traditional (TR) and UA neutralizations. Optimum probe depth, duration, and intensity levels are calculated as 3.7 cm, 25 s, and 54.3%, respectively, for UA neutralization with NaOH, which is more successful at free fatty acid (FFA) reduction and total phenolic content (TPC) retention than MgO and Ca(OH)2. Validation results of optimum conditions show that lowest average FFA content (0.29%) and highest average TPC (211.2 mg kg−1) are determined for the UA‐neutralized safflower oil samples. The comparison of all the neutralization experiments reveal that the UA neutralization under optimum conditions using NaOH reduced 82.8% of the FFA content, whereas the TR alkali neutralization reduced the FFA content at a maximum of only 47.8%.Practical Applications: From the results, it can be inferred that the UA neutralization exhibits good performance in FFA content reduction and bioactive compound retention while offering a good solution within the concept of minimal refining.