bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruiting for research on sensitive topics in schools: an experience with Vaxcards, a collectable vaccine card game
Authors: Epstein D. S. , Enticott J. C. , Larson H. J. , Barton C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Undertaking recruitment for research in schools is an effective way to recruit young people for research participation but it is not without its challenges. Gaining access and coordinating many levels of different organisations and stakeholders whose cooperation and approval are crucial all add time and sometimes logistical challenges for the research team. In addition, recruiting around sensitive research topics can elicit additional barriers to successful research.
The research team aimed to conduct a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial involving schools in a local government region in Victoria, Australia, to assess the effect of a vaccination-based educational card game called “Vaxcards” on vaccine consent returns. Schools were contacted via phone and email to determine which staff member would best be a contact point for a face-to-face meeting to discuss the methods and purpose of the study. Email follow-ups were scheduled to follow up non-responsive schools and consent forms. The minimum required sample size was 13.
Of 31 eligible schools, 13 were recruited. The research team encountered several unanticipated challenges before achieving the recruitment target. The most common reasons for non-participation were being too busy with other commitments, concerns regarding the topic of vaccination being too sensitive, and concerns that key stakeholders in the school would not approve of the research topic of vaccination. One school required a review by a private research ethics board that rejected the study. Significant hesitancy and misinformation about vaccine science was observed that affected engagement with a small number of schools.
This paper highlights the challenges of recruiting schools in the context of public anxieties about vaccines and has several important learning lessons for successful recruitment about sensitive topics. This includes navigating approval processes for research in schools, the importance of local champions, dealing with misinformation and the importance of strong relationships and organisational trust.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12618001753246. Prospectively registered on 25 October 2018 8:24:21 AM
A novel nanoemulsion-based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production
Authors: Nigam Harshita , Malik Anushree , Singh Vikram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO2 supplement.

Results
In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in Blue-green 11 media (BG11). After 12 days of cultivation, biomass yield was found highest in 1% PE followed by 1% SE and control, i.e., 3.20, 2.75, and 1.03 g L−1, respectively. The chlorophyll-a synthesis was improved by 76% in 1% SE and 53% in 1% PE compared with control. The respective microalgal cell numbers for 1% PE, 1% SE and control measured using the cell counter were 3.00 × 106, 2.40 × 106, and 1.34 × 106 cells mL−1. The effective CO2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for enhanced algal growth and biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion-cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE = 26.80%, 1% SE = 23.60%) and carbohydrates (1% PE = 17.20%, 1% SE = 18.90%) content compared to the control (lipid = 18.05%, carbohydrates = 13.60%).

Conclusions
This study describes a novel nanoemulsion which potentially acts as an effective CO2 supplement for microalgal growth media thereby increasing the growth of microalgal cells. Further, nanoemulsion-cultivated microalgal biomass depicts an increase in lipid and carbohydrate content. The approach provides high microalgal biomass productivity without altering morphological characteristics like cell shape and size as revealed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images.

Graphical abstract
Simulated dynamics of southern cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) in south Texas, USA: investigating potential wildlife-mediated impacts on eradication efforts
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Grant William E. , Teel Pete D. , Lohmeyer Kimberly H. , Pérez de León Adalberto A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cattle fever ticks (CFT), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus, are vectors of microbes causing bovine babesiosis and pose a threat to the economic viability of the US livestock industry. Efforts by the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) along the US-Mexico border in south Texas are complicated by the involvement of alternate hosts, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus).

Methods
In the present study, we use a spatially explicit, individual-based model to explore the potential effects of host species composition and host habitat use patterns on southern cattle fever ticks (SCFT, R. (B.) microplus) infestation dynamics and efficacy of eradication schemes.

Results
In simulations without eradication efforts, mean off-host larval densities were much higher when cattle were present than when only white-tailed deer and nilgai were present. Densities in mesquite and meadows were slightly higher, and densities in mixed brush were much lower, than landscape-level densities in each of these scenarios. In eradication simulations, reductions in mean off-host larval densities at the landscape level were much smaller when acaricide was applied to cattle only, or to cattle and white-tailed deer, than when applied to cattle and nilgai. Relative density reductions in mesquite, mixed brush, and meadows depended on host habitat use preferences. Shifting nilgai habitat use preferences increasingly toward mixed brush and away from mesquite did not change mean off-host larval tick densities noticeably at the landscape level. However, mean densities were increased markedly in mesquite and decreased markedly in mixed brush, while no noticeable change in density was observed in meadows.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that continued integration of field data into spatially explicit, individual-based models will facilitate the development of novel eradication strategies and will allow near-real-time infestation forecasts as an aid in anticipating and preventing wildlife-mediated impacts on SCFT eradication efforts.

Graphical Abstract
Heart rate detection properties of dry-electrode ECG compared to conventional 3-lead gel-electrode ECG in newborns
Authors: Pike Hanne , Eilevstjønn Joar , Bjorland Peder , Linde Jørgen , Ersdal Hege , Rettedal Siren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To compare the accuracy of heart rate detection properties of a novel, wireless, dry-electrode electrocardiogram (ECG) device, NeoBeat®, to that of a conventional 3-lead gel-electrode ECG monitor (PropaqM®) in newborns.

Results
The study population had a mean gestational age of 39 weeks and 2 days (1.5 weeks) and birth weight 3528 g (668 g). There were 950 heart rate notations from each device, but heart rate was absent from the reference monitor in 14 of these data points, leaving 936 data pairs to compare. The mean (SD) difference when comparing NeoBeat to the reference monitor was -0.25 (9.91) beats per minute (bpm) (p = 0.44). There was a deviation of more than 10 bpm in 7.4% of the data pairs, which primarily (78%) was attributed to ECG signal disturbance, and secondly (22%) due to algorithm differences between the devices. Excluding these outliers, the correlation was equally consistent (r2 = 0.96) in the full range of heart rate captured measurements with a mean difference of − 0.16 (3.09) bpm. The mean difference was less than 1 bpm regardless of whether outliers were included or not.
Recurrent bilateral chorioretinitis with positive Lyme serology: a case report
Authors: Issa Reda , DeSouza Stephen A. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
It has been disputed whether Lyme is a true causative agent in posterior uveitis or an incidental finding.

Case presentation
This report presents a case of a 33-year-old Caucasian female with a remote history of Lyme disease who presented with blurry vision in the right eye. Exam and imaging revealed a right active chorioretinitis and positive Lyme serology. The patient was systemically treated with prednisone and antibiotics. Symptoms initially improved, but she later developed a localized choriocapillaritis in the left eye. Steroids and antibiotics were restarted many times with fluctuating course of the disease. The patient was then started on chronic steroid-sparing immunosuppression, which has controlled the condition without recurrence.

Conclusions
The current report presents a unique case of recurrent bilateral chorioretinitis with positive Lyme serology and raises the question of the existence of true Lyme-associated uveitis.
Potassium wasting nephropathy in the setting of tizanidine overdose: a case report
Authors: Brucculeri Michael J. , Garcia Juan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypokalemia has been rarely attributed to tizanidine, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Severe hypokalemia is a well-established cause of abnormalities involving cardiac conduction. Given this agent’s well-known cardiac arrhythmogenic potential, awareness of potential concomitant electrolyte abnormalities is important.

Case presentation
Electrolyte disorders, including hypokalemia, are rare complications of the antispasmodic medicine tizanidine when taken in doses as outlined by the manufacturer’s prescribing instructions. Although cases of severe hypokalemia have also been described in the literature in association with this agent, such reports are few. We report a Caucasian case of an intentional overdose involving a very large ingestion of tizanidine. In addition to the characteristic abnormalities on the electrocardiogram, our patient developed electrolyte derangements as well as self-limited acute kidney injury. These biochemical abnormalities included profound hypokalemia that was refractory to aggressive replacement over the ensuing several days, before eventually dissipating. A thorough assessment of the etiology of this hypokalemia was consistent with a defect in renal potassium handling.

Conclusion
In our patient with intentional tizanidine overdose, severe and refractory hypokalemia appears to have been due to a transient potassium wasting nephropathy.
A novel stop codon mutation in exon 5 (c.639G>A) of the cadherin-1 gene in a Vietnamese man with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Dang Dzung Ngoc Thi , Nguyen Huong Thanh Thi , Ngo Hoa Dieu , Tran Bac Manh , Vu Anh Duc , Dang Huy Quang , Ta Van Thanh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Germline pathogenic variants in the cadherin-1 (CDH1) gene cause a predisposition to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). We report an HDGC case in Vietnam and identify a novel mutation in the CDH1 gene.

Case presentation
A 28-year-old Vietnamese man was diagnosed with HDGC and a novel mutation at c.639G>A. All exons of CDH1 were sequenced in his pedigree, which revealed the c.639G>A mutation in the proband, his father, and uncle. The patient refused treatment and died 4 months after diagnosis. Endoscopic surveillance of the father and the uncle showed structural abnormalities in the father.

Conclusion
In cases of HDGC, identification of the CDH1 gene mutation is very important for better counseling and more effective strategies to prevent the development of diseases, such as prophylactic gastrectomy for family members with genetic mutations.
Food allergy safety: a descriptive report of changing policy in a single large medical center
Authors: Harari Rivki , Toren Orly , Tal Yuval , Ben-Porat Tair 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis and is considered an increasing public health burden. Hospitalized patients are dependent on the hospital menu to meet their nutritional needs; thus, errors in the meals provided can have a substantial impact on patients’ health outcomes. In Israel, no specific policy protocol exists to ensure food allergy safety in the setting of a hospital foodservice system.ObjectivesThis paper has two aims: 1) to provide an in-depth review of food allergy as a major public health concern and 2) to report actions taken in a single large medical center, as an ongoing project that aimed to ensure patients’ safety, and which ended in developing policy on this matter.ResultsDuring the years 2017–2019, we initiated several interventions with the goal of achieving food allergy safety and ensuring quality of care for patients with food allergies at Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center. These included integrating food management safety into the computerized foodservice system, highlighting labels on patients’ food trays, introducing safety checks into the process of food delivery to hospitalized patients; and ensuring the nutritional requirements of patients with allergy restrictions. Moreover, changes were made in specialized menus for patients with various types of food allergy, and specific procedures were implemented regarding enteral feeding, to prevent accidental allergen exposure. All the procedures were incorporated into a written protocol that applies to all hospital employees, and the staff received the relevant training.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that methods for food allergy safety should be promoted, and that an established policy and suitable set of guidelines on this matter is required. This clearly mandates collaboration between the various sectors of the hospital, including management and the computer department; and the medical, nursing, dietetics and kitchen staffs. Furthermore, routine ongoing knowledge training programs for medical teams and kitchen staff are crucial for such implementational changes. In a technological world, computerized systems delivering food to hospitalized patients must be adapted such as to create a uniformly safe food environment of healthcare systems, and developing a suitable policy should be prioritized accordingly by hospitals across Israel, with collaboration and synergy between institutions management and the departments of nutrition and patient safety and risk management.
Quantile Jensen’s inequalities
Authors: Zhao Mu , Yang Xinai , He Qi , Zhou Zunrong , Ge Xiangyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantiles of random variable are crucial quantities that give more delicate information about distribution than mean and median and so on. We establish Jensen’s inequality for q-quantile ($q\geq 0.5$
q
≥
0.5
) of a random variable, which includes as a special case Merkle (Stat. Probab. Lett. 71(3):277–281, 2005) where Jensen’s inequality about median (i.e. $q= 0.5$
q
=
0.5
) was given. We also refine this inequality in the case where $q<0.5$
q
<
0.5
. An application to the confidence interval of parameters in pivotal quantity is also considered by virtue of the rigorous description on the relationship between quantiles and intervals that have required probability.
Estimates and properties of certain q-Mellin transform on generalized q-calculus theory
Authors: Al-Omari Shrideh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the generalized q-theory of the q-Mellin transform and its certain properties in a set of q-generalized functions. Some related q-equivalence relations, q-quotients of sequences, q-convergence definitions, and q-delta sequences are represented. Along with that, a new q-convolution theorem of the estimated operator is obtained on the generalized context of q-Boehmians. On top of that, several results and q-Mellin spaces of q-Boehmians are discussed. Furthermore, certain continuous q-embeddings and an inversion formula are also discussed.
Dynamical behavior of two predators–one prey model with generalized functional response and time-fractional derivative
Authors: Djilali Salih , Ghanbari Behzad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe behavior of any complex dynamic system is a natural result of the interaction between the components of that system. Important examples of these systems are biological models that describe the characteristics of complex interactions between certain organisms in a biological environment. The study of these systems requires the use of precise and advanced computational methods in mathematics. In this paper, we discuss a prey–predator interaction model that includes two competitive predators and one prey with a generalized interaction functional. The primary presumption in the model construction is the competition between two predators on the only prey, which gives a strong implication of the real-world situation. We successfully establish the existence and stability of the equilibria. Further, we investigate the impact of the memory measured by fractional time derivative on the temporal behavior. We test the obtained mathematical results numerically by a proper numerical scheme built using the Caputo fractional-derivative operator and the trapezoidal product-integration rule.
A cubic nonlinear population growth model for single species: theory, an explicit–implicit solution algorithm and applications
Authors: Wacker Benjamin , Schlüter Jan Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we extend existing population growth models and propose a model based on a nonlinear cubic differential equation that reveals itself as a special subclass of Abel differential equations of first kind. We first summarize properties of the time-continuous problem formulation. We state the boundedness, global existence, and uniqueness of solutions for all times. Proofs of these properties are thoroughly given in the Appendix to this paper. Subsequently, we develop an explicit–implicit time-discrete numerical solution algorithm for our time-continuous population growth model and show that many properties of the time-continuous case transfer to our numerical explicit–implicit time-discrete solution scheme. We provide numerical examples to illustrate different behaviors of our proposed model. Furthermore, we compare our explicit–implicit discretization scheme to the classical Eulerian discretization. The latter violates the nonnegativity constraints on population sizes, whereas we prove and illustrate that our explicit–implicit discretization algorithm preserves this constraint. Finally, we describe a parameter estimation approach to apply our algorithm to two different real-world data sets.
Ecological implications of twentieth century reforestation programs for the urban forests of São Paulo, Brazil: a study based on litterfall and nutrient cycling
Authors: Ferreira Maurício Lamano , Barbosa Marcelo Ferreira , Gomes Eduardo Pereira Cabral , do Nascimento Ana Paula Branco , de Luca Edgar Fernando , da Silva Karina Gonçalves , França Ulisses Bezerra , de Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Lafortezza Raffaele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe focus of this study was to investigate the wide use of Eucalyptus spp., an exotic plant with high allelopathic ability, in the reforestation programs of urban parks in São Paulo City, Brazil, over the last century. To understand the implications of using Eucalyptus spp. in the city’s parks, this study aimed to compare nutrient cycling and litter decomposition between a mixed composition of litter (i.e., native and exotic species) and the litter of a single species (i.e., Eucalyptus). To accomplish this, newly deciduous leaves were collected from two native and two exotic species that are commonly used in the afforestation of São Paulo as well as from Eucalyptus spp. The mixed composition of litter yielded a higher dry mass loss and return of macro- and micronutrients to the forest floor. The decomposition constant (k) values were 0.00322 and 0.00207 g g−1 day−1 for the mixed composition and Eucalyptus spp., respectively. The time required for decomposition of 50 and 95% of deciduous material was 215 and 931 days, respectively, and for the mixed litterfall 334 and 1449 days, respectively, for Eucalyptus spp. Therefore, the mixed litter exhibited greater dry mass loss and nutrient cycling in an urban forest of São Paulo City, since dry mass losses as well as speed and amount of nutrients returned to the forest floor were relatively higher compared to Eucalyptus spp. Nutrient cycling via Eucalyptus spp. litter was less efficient than mixed composition of litter, demonstrating that reforestation programs carried out in the twentieth century using only one species may have had little success. The results of this work emphasize the fact that in urban reforestation programs the City of São Paulo must consider the environmental and biogeographic characteristics of the species employed and use high levels of biodiversity, since the city lies in a megadiverse biome.
The association between residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) and critical respiratory events: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Alenezi Faraj K , Alnababtah Khalid , Alqahtani Mohammed M , Olayan Lafi , Alharbi Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inadequate neuromuscular recovery might impair pulmonary function among adult patients who undergo general anaesthesia and might thus contribute to critical respiratory events in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The pilot study aims to understand the baseline incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) and postoperative critical respiratory events (CREs), which are described in a modified Murphy’s criteria in the PACU.

Method
This is a prospective cohort study from January to March 2017 from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia with thirty adult patients over 18 years old scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) who were enrolled in the study. The Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests and independent-samples T tests were used. The train-of-four (TOF) ratios were measured upon arrival in the PACU by using acceleromyography with TOF-Scan. Subjects’ demographics, perioperative data and the occurrence of postoperative CREs in the PACU were recorded.

Results
Twenty-six (86.7%) patients out of thirty in the study have received rocuronium as NMBDs whilst neostigmine as a reversal drug with only 23 (76.7%). The incidence of RNMB (TOF ratio < 0.9) was in 16 patients (53.3%). The incidence of RNMB was significantly higher in female patients (p = 0.033), in patients who had not undergone quantitative neuromuscular monitoring before extubation (p = 0.046) and in patients with a shorter duration of surgery (p = 0.001). Postoperative CREs occurred in twenty patients (66.7%), and there were significantly more of these CREs among patients with RNMB (p = 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of CREs according to body mass index (p = 0.047).

Conclusion
This research showed that RNMB is a significant contributing factor to the development of critical respiratory events during PACU stay. Therefore, routine quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is recommended to reduce the incidence of RNMB.