bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐reported outcomes after pelvic exenteration for colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Denys Andreas , van Nieuwenhove Yves , Van de putte Dirk , Pape Eva , Pattyn Piet , Ceelen Wim , van Ramshorst Gabriëlle H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimPelvic exenteration (PE) carries high morbidity. Our aim was to analyse the use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in PE patients.MethodSearch strategies were protocolized and registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched with the terms ‘patient reported outcomes’, ‘pelvic exenteration’ and ‘colorectal cancer’. Studies published after 1980 reporting on PROMs for at least 10 PE patients were considered. Study selection, data extraction, rating of certainty of evidence (GRADE) and risk of bias (ROBINS‐I) were performed independently by two reviewers.ResultsNineteen of 173 studies were included (13 retrospective, six prospective). All studies were low to very low quality, with an overall moderate/serious risk of bias. Studies included data on 878 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (n = 344), recurrent rectal cancer (n = 411) or cancer of unknown type (n = 123). Thirteen studies used validated questionnaires, four used non‐validated measures and two used both. Questionnaires included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Colorectal questionnaire (n = 6), Short Form Health Survey (n = 6), European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (n = 6), EORTC‐CR38 (n = 4), EORTC‐BLM30 (n = 1), Brief Pain Inventory (n = 2), Short Form 12 (n = 1), Assessment of Quality of Life (n = 1), Short Form Six‐Dimension (n = 1), the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Sphincter Function Scale (n = 1), the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (n = 1) or other (n = 4). Timing varied between studies.ConclusionsWhilst the use of validated questionnaires increased over time, this study shows that there is a need for uniform use and timing of PROMs to enable multicentre studies.
Apolipoprotein D and transthyretin are reduced in female adolescent offspring of women with type 1 diabetes: The EPICOM study
Authors: Overgaard Martin , Ravnsborg Tina , Lohse Zuzana , Bytoft Birgitte , Clausen Tine D. , Jensen Rikke B. , Damm Peter , Højlund Kurt , Gravholt Claus H. , Knorr Sine , Jensen Dorte M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsAdolescent offspring exposed to maternal diabetes during intrauterine life show a less favourable metabolic profile than the background population. Here, we hypothesize that offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D), possess sex‐specific alterations in the serum profile of proteins involved in lipid, metabolic and transport processes and that these alterations are associated with lipid profile and indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion.MethodsA prospective nationwide follow‐up study (EPICOM) in a Danish population. Blood samples were assessed from offspring of women with T1D (index offspring, n = 267, 13–20 years), and matched control offspring (n = 290). Serum proteins were analysed using a 25‐plex cardio‐metabolic targeted proteomics assay, which includes 12 apolipoproteins and 13 transport and inflammatory proteins.ResultsApolipoprotein D (ApoD) and transthyretin (TTR) were reduced in index females as compared to female controls (−8.1%, p < 0.001 and −6.1%, p = 0.006 respectively), but not in index males (2.2%, p = 0.476 and −2.4%, p = 0.731 respectively). Sex‐dependent inverse associations between exposure to maternal T1D in utero and ApoD and TTR were significant after adjusting for age, BMI‐SDS and Tanner stage (OR = 0.252 [95% CI 0.085, 0.745], p = 0.013 and OR = 0.149 [95% CI 0.040, 0.553], p = 0.004). ApoD correlated to indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion in a similar sex‐specific pattern in crude and adjusted analyses.ConclusionsLow ApoD may be regarded as an early risk marker of metabolic syndrome. A possible link between ApoD and cardiovascular disease needs further investigation.
Impact of acute and chronic nicotine administration on midbrain dopaminergic neuron activity and related behaviours in TRPV1 knock‐out juvenile mice
Authors: Allain Anne‐Emilie , Aribo Oceane , Medrano Maria‐Carmen , Fournier Marie‐Line , Bertrand Sandrine S. , Caille Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe addictive properties of nicotine, the main alkaloid in tobacco and tobacco‐derived products, largely depend on its action on the activity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel has also been examined as an emerging contributor to addiction‐related symptoms due to its ability to modulate midbrain neurons. Thus, the objective of our study was to explore the role of TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1Rs) on nicotine‐induced behaviours and associated response of DA neuron activity. Both wild type juvenile mice and juvenile mice with invalidation of the TRPV1R gene were exposed to acute or chronic nicotine 0.3 mg/kg administration. We analysed locomotor activity in response to the drug. In addition, we performed cell‐attached and whole‐cell recordings from ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons after nicotine exposure. Our results showed that the genetic deletion of TRPV1Rs reduced nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, it provided evidence in support of TRPV1Rs being regulators of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the VTA. However, TRPV1Rs did not seem to modulate either nicotine‐induced conditioning place preference or nicotine‐evoked electrical activity of DA neurons. In conclusion, TRPV1Rs modulate nicotine‐induced psychomotor sensitization in mice independently of a control on VTA DA neuron activity. Thus, TRPV1R control may depend on another key player of the mesolimbic circuit.
Difficulty in identification of patients with active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis by clinical classification tools
Authors: Klinsing Svenja , Yalachkov Yavor , Foerch Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe transition from relapsing–remitting to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is not well defined. Different definitions and tools to identify SPMS have been proposed. Meanwhile, early diagnosis of “active” SPMS is getting progressively more important as pharmaceutical treatment options are developed. In this study, we compared different classification methods regarding their accuracy to reliably identify “active SPMS.”MethodsIndependent from previous diagnostic classification, we descriptively analyzed the disease course (regarding relapses, progression, and magnetic resonance imaging activity) in 208 consecutive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated in our MS outpatient clinic in 2018. Patients were reclassified according to different SPMS criteria and tools. Diagnostic accuracy in identifying patients with “active SPMS” was determined.ResultsComparing the tools to each other, significant variability in the number of patients identified as having SPMS as well as in the proportion of these patients having “active SPMS” was noted. Applying both diagnostic criteria “SPMS” and “active disease” reduced the sensitivity in identifying patients with active progressive disease in all approaches.ConclusionsWe propose lessening the emphasis on the label “SPMS” in favor of the more open term “active progressive disease” to simplify the process of identifying patients who may benefit from immune therapy.
Tuberculosis incidence in country of origin is a key determinant of the risk of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: Data from a 30‐year observational cohort study
Authors: White Helena A. , Okhai Hajra , Kirwan Peter , Rafeeq Sonia H. , Dillon Helen , Hefford Phillip , Wiselka Martin J. , Pareek Manish 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of active tuberculosis (TB) but this risk in the era of antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains unclear. It is critical to identify the groups who should be prioritised for latent TB (LTBI) screening. In this study we identified the risk factors associated with developing incident TB disease, by analysing a 30‐year observational cohort.MethodsWe evaluated PLWH in Leicester, UK, between 1983 and 2017 to ascertain those who developed active TB and the timing of this in relation to HIV diagnosis; whether before, concurrently with, or more than 3 months after the diagnosis of HIV (incident TB). Predictors of incident TB were ascertained using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsIn all, 325 out of 2158 (15.1%) PLWH under care had had active TB; 64/325 (19.7%) prior to HIV diagnosis, 161/325 (49.5%) concurrently with/within 3 months of HIV diagnosis and 100/325 (30.8%) had incident TB. Incident TB risk was 4.57/1000 person‐years. Increased TB incidence in the country of birth was associated with an increased risk of developing incident TB [50–149/100 000 population, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 3.10, 95% CI: 0.94–10.20; 150–249/100 000 population, AHR = 7.14, 95% CI: 3.46–14.74; 250–349/100 000 population, AHR = 5.90, 95% CI: 2.32–14.99; ≥ 350/100 000 population, AHR = 3.96, 95% CI: 1.39–11.26].ConclusionsTuberculosis risk remains high among PLWH and is related to TB incidence in the country of birth. Further work is required to determine whether specific groups of PLWH should be targeted for programmatic LTBI screening, and whether it will result in high uptake and completion of chemoprophylaxis and is cost‐effective for widespread implementation.
Investigation of the effect of ytterbium doping on photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity of Li4Ti5O12
Authors: Kiliç Dokan Fatma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work reports the combined effect of the morphology and crystallization to investigate the role of Yb3+ as an additive in Li4Ti5O12 crystals on its photocatalytic and photoluminescence (PL) properties. With the pure phase, the synthesized samples have a spherical morphology and spherical structure with good crystallinity and uniform particle size distribution. Li4Ti5O12 doped with ytterbium (Yb3+), were obtained by a new optimized hydrothermal approach. The crystal properties and surface morphology of the synthesized compounds were examined by X‐ray diffraction method and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Bond structures and surface areas were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analyses. Finally, the excitation and emission spectra were obtained by a PL spectrophotometer. The PL results show that room‐temperature PL of Yb3+ doped Li4Ti5O12 phosphor has an emission peak at 710 nm which can be attributed to Li4Ti5O12 crystal defect emission. Moreover, it has been found that Yb doping resulted in enhancement of photocatalytic activity, evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue solution. Note that, 0.01% Yb doped lithium titania phosphor exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity.
Influence of tef flour and its association with other flours on the nutritional, technological, and sensory quality of bakery products
Authors: Homem Raisa Vieira , Doneda Divair , Kist Tarso Ledur , Venzke Janaína Guimarães , da Silva Vanuska Lima , de Oliveira Viviani Ruffo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate chemical, technological, and sensory quality of tef in products made exclusively with tef flour and tef flour associated with other flours. The selection of the studies and the extraction of information were carried out through research in several databases. Tef flour was used in cakes, cookies, breads, cupcakes, muffins, and extruded snacks. Bread was the most evaluated product with tef flour associated with other flours or exclusively. Most of the outcomes were with tef (5–50%) associated with other flours. Increased levels of fibers, minerals, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoids were noted according to the percentage of tef. Technological characteristics demonstrated that these products showed intermediate final quality, due to the characteristics of volume, specific volume, firmness, and luminosity. Regarding sensory quality, studies that used (5–35%) tef flour associated with other flours were well‐accepted.
Comparative study: Thermal and non‐thermal treatment on enzyme deactivation and selected quality attributes of fresh carrot juice
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Jabbar Saqib , Lin Yue , Nasiru Mustapha Muhammad , Zhang Jianhao , Abid Muhammad , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Zhao Liqing 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe combined effect of emerging electro‐technology high‐voltage cold plasma (HVCP) and non‐thermal ultra‐high hydrostatic pressure (UHP) as bioprocess technologies on the quality and stability of carrot juice has been evaluated. Carrot juice was treated with HVCP (70 kV for 3 min), UHP (300, 400, and 500 MPa) at 25 °C for 5 min, and a blanched sample of 100 °C for 5 min (BS) was also prepared. As compared to control and single treatments, the combined treatment (HVCP‐UHP500) has attained better results in terms of enzyme inactivation and electroporation extraction of coloring compounds, phytochemicals, and ascorbic acid. Wherein, the maximum of 25.87 ± 0.12a µg/100 mL of β‐Carotene, 11.89 ± 0.80aGAE (µg g−1) of total phenols, and 24.07 ± 0.12b mg/100 mL of ascorbic acid content in carrot juice were also observed in the combined treatment at 500 MPa. In addition, phytochemical enhancement might be attributed to the disintegration of phenolic dimers into simple aglycones, predominantly because of the electro‐kinetic phenomenon of HVCP, which is subsequently intensified by UHP treatment. Therefore, the current study suggests that the combination of two novel techniques is a highly efficient method in terms of energy, time, and cost, with low yield efficiency and bio‐safety.
Is obesity in the brain? Parent perceptions of brain influences on obesity
Authors: Sadler Jennifer R. , Persky Susan , Gu Cihang , Aghababian Anahys H. , Carnell Susan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryNeuroimaging studies demonstrate associations of brain structure and function with children's eating behaviour and body weight, and the feasibility of integrating brain measures into obesity risk assessment and intervention is growing. However, little is known about lay perceptions of how the brain influences obesity. We investigated parent perceptions of brain contributions to obesity in three separate studies: 1) a study of mothers of adolescents recruited for neuroimaging research (n = 88), 2) a study of ethnically Chinese parents of 5–13 year olds participating in a parent feeding survey (n = 277), and 3) a study of parents of 3–15 year olds completing an online survey (n = 113). In general, parents believed that brain factors influence obesity, but considered them less influential than behaviours such as diet and exercise. Causal attributions for brain factors were correlated with attributions for genetic factors and biological factors (e.g., metabolism). Parents who perceived their child to be overweight or had a high concern about their child becoming overweight in the future rated brain factors as more important in determining their child's weight and more likely to lessen their child's ability to control their weight. Our results suggest that parents attribute obesity to the brain to a moderate degree, and that education or feedback regarding brain influences on obesity could be a promising obesity intervention component.
Pattern of prescription of psychotropics (antipsychotics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines) in Western Australian residential aged care facilities
Authors: Almutairi Hend , Stafford Andrew , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Flicker Leon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are exhibited by up to 90% of residents in aged care facilities and are associated with a risk of inappropriate use of psychotropic drugs. This study examined the prevalence pattern of psychotropic drug use in 409 residents from 11 residential aged care facilities in Western Australia. Sixty‐four (n = 64; 15.6%) residents were not prescribed any psychotropic drug, 345 (84.4%) were prescribed at least one psychotropic drug and between 4 and 10% were prescribed high doses, depending on the class of psychotropic. Despite increasing awareness of inappropriate psychotropic drug use in this population, targeted and effective interventions are required to improve psychotropic prescribing practices.
Repeated adrenaline requirements for anaphylaxis
Authors: Chatelier Josh , Stojanovic Stephanie , Lin Tiffany , Denton Eve , Dabscheck Eli , Hew Mark , Bosco Julian J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examined the pattern of adrenaline administration in patients presenting with anaphylaxis. Forty‐four percent required repeated adrenaline administration, among whom there had been greater cardiorespiratory compromise. Repeated administration was more frequent in males and older patients, and those triggered by insect sting or unknown cause; no other patient factors were identified. This study supports the provision of two adrenaline auto‐injectors to all anaphylaxis patients.
Zanamivir aqueous solution in severe influenza: A global Compassionate Use Program, 2009–2019
Authors: Wang‐Jairaj Jie , Miller Irene , Joshi Aditya , Jayabalan Tharaka , Peppercorn Amanda , Zammit‐Tabona Peter , Oliver Amanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundZanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor effective against influenza A and B viruses. In 2009, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) began clinical development of intravenous (IV) zanamivir and initiated a global Compassionate Use Program (CUP) in response to the evolving H1N1 global pandemic. The goal of the CUP was to provide zanamivir to critically ill patients with limited treatment options.MethodsZanamivir was administered to patients with suspected or confirmed influenza infection who were not suitable for other approved antiviral treatments. Reporting of serious adverse events (SAEs) was mandatory and recorded in the GSK safety database. A master summary tracking sheet captured requests and patient characteristics. A case report form was available for detailing medical conditions, dosing, treatment duration, and clinical outcomes.ResultsIn total, 4,033 requests were made for zanamivir treatment of hospitalized patients from 38 countries between 2009 and 2019; ≥95% patients received zanamivir via the IV route. Europe had the highest number of requests (n = 3,051) followed by North America (n = 713). At least 20 patients were aged ≤6 months, of whom 12 were born prematurely. The GSK safety database included 466 patients with ≥1 SAE, of whom 374 (80%) had a fatal outcome. Drug‐related SAEs were reported in 41 (11%) patients, including hepatic failure (n = 6 [2%]) and acute kidney injury (n = 5 [1%)].ConclusionsThe CUP facilitated global access to zanamivir prior to product approval. No new safety concerns were identified in the CUP compared with IV zanamivir clinical studies.
Knowing What Justice Means and Being Committed to It: Remarks on Allen Buchanan's Analysis of Conservative Factual Beliefs
Authors: Forst Rainer 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTAllen Buchanan argues that a particular set of false factual beliefs, especially when part of a comprehensive ideology, can lead persons to develop ‘morally conservative’ convictions that stand in the way of realising justice even though these persons have a ‘firm grasp of correct principles of justice and a robust commitment to their realisation’. In my remarks, I raise some questions concerning the core argument: How ‘firm’ can a grasp of principles of justice be if a person is blind to the realities of injustice? And how ‘sincerely committed’ to justice can such an injustice‐insensitive person be? Alternatively: How firm is that grasp or commitment if one has a radically pessimistic view about human nature so that one does not believe that (egalitarian) justice can or could ever be realised? Secondly, I ask: If such ideologies or false beliefs are in play in reproducing injustice, do they not also ‘mask’ existing injustices?
Curcumin modulates airway remodelling‐contributing genes—the significance of transcription factors
Authors: Wieczfinska Joanna , Sitarek Przemysław , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Rieske Piotr , Pawliczak Rafal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an essential role in airway remodelling, due to their protective and secretory functions. There are many studies proving that infection caused by human rhinovirus may contribute to the process of airway remodelling. The beneficial properties of curcumin, the basic ingredient of turmeric, have been proved in many studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of curcumin immunomodulatory properties in development of airway remodelling. Fibroblasts (WI‐38 and HFL1) and epithelial cells (NHBE) were incubated with curcumin. Additionally, remodelling conditions were induced with rhinovirus (HRV). Airway remodelling genes were determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Moreover, NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 were silenced to analyse the pathways involved in airway remodelling. Curcumin reduced the expression of the genes analysed, especially MMP‐9, TGF‐β and collagen I. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the HRV‐induced expression of MMP‐9, TGF‐β, collagen I and LTC4S (p < 0.05). NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 changed their course of expression. Concluding, our study shows that curcumin significantly downregulated gene expression related to the remodelling process, which is dependent on NF‐κB and, partially, on c‐Myc and STAT3. The results suggest that the remodelling process may be limited and possibly prevented, however this issue requires further research.
Annual Research Review: A systematic review of mental health services for emerging adults – moulding a precipice into a smooth passage
Authors: Anderson Joanna K. , Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Ford Tamsin J. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe transition between child and adult services should aim to support young people into the next stage of their life in a way that optimises their function. Yet financial, organisational and procedural barriers to continuity of care often hamper smooth transition between child and adult services.Aim and methodWe reviewed studies of transition from child to adult mental health services, focusing on: (a) rates of referrals and referral acceptance; (b) barriers and facilitators of successful transition; (c) continuity of care during and post‐transition and (d) service users’ experience of transition. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases: PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Child Development and Adolescent Studies.FindingsForty‐seven papers describing 43 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Service provision is influenced by previous history and funding processes, and the presence or absence of strong primary care, specialist centres of excellence and coordination between specialist and primary care. Provision varies between and within countries, particularly whether services are restricted to ‘core’ mental health or broader needs. Unsupportive organisational culture, fragmentation of resources, skills and knowledge base undermine the collaborative working essential to optimise transition. Stigma and young people’s concerns about peers’ evaluation often prompt disengagement and discontinuation of care during transition, leading to worsening of symptoms and later, to service re‐entry. Qualitative studies reveal that young people and families find the transition process frustrating and difficult, mainly because of lack of advanced planning and inadequate preparation.ConclusionsDespite increasing research interest over the last decade, transition remains ‘poorly planned, executed and experienced’. Closer collaboration between child and adult services is needed to improve the quality of provision for this vulnerable group at this sensitive period of development.