bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azimuth estimation capabilities of the ARCESS regional seismic array
Authors: Carr Dorthe B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of local geology and noise conditions on the performance of a small regional array is investigated by comparing the regional Pn backazimuth estimation capabilities of the ARCESS array in northern Norway to the NORESS array. A broadband frequency-wavenumber estimator was used to calculate backazimuths from the Pn arrival for each of 203 regional events recorded at ARCESS while varying element spacing, frequency band, and time window. Most of the errors in backazimuth are less than 20° when appropriate parameter combinations are used, and mean backazimuth errors are close to zero. The best results are obtained using a 13-element configuration that has a 1.4 km aperture and a maximum station spacing of about 600 m. With the 13-element configuration and the data filtered to include frequencies between 3 and 10 Hz, the mean errors for the 203 event data set are less than 0.9°, and S.D. are as small as 16.9°. There are differences seen in the backazimuth estimation capabilities of ARCESS and NORESS with specific parameter combinations. The larger aperture configurations (10- and 17-elements) have smaller means at ARCESS, although the precision is about the same. The estimates using unfiltered data at ARCESS are poor, because of local noise conditions that increase the level of background noise at low frequencies. Overall the precision is better at NORESS, but both regional arrays have the best results using the 13-element configuration and filtering the data in the middle frequency range (3 to 10 Hz). Other factors investigated include SNR and source region. Backazimuth estimation statistics improve if only events with 5 dB of SNR are included in the data set at both ARCESS and NORESS. The mean errors move closer to zero and standard deviations decrease. The differences between the two arrays are not as pronounced. There are some path effects from different source regions around the ARCESS array. However, combinations of small aperture configurations and middle (3 to 10 Hz) frequency bands work well for events over the entire distance range of 30 to 1200 km. ARCESS and NORESS have similar backazimuth estimation capabilities even though there are differences in the local geology and noise conditions. Because a 13-element configuration produces reliable results for both arrays, it would be reasonable to reduce the number of elements in a regional array. This in turn will reduce the costs associated with building and deploying small regional arrays.
Theory of scattered P- and S-wave energy in a random isotropic scattering medium
Authors: Zeng Yuehua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new theory is presented to study the scattered elastic wave energy propagation in a random isotropic scattering medium. It is based on a scattered elastic wave energy equation that extends the work of Zeng et al. (1991) on multiple scattering by considering S to P and P to S wave scattering conversions. We obtain a complete solution of the scattered elastic wave energy equation by solving the equation in the frequency/wave-number domain. Using a discrete wave-number sum technique combined with a modified repeated averaging and the FFT method, we compute numerically the complete solution. By considering that the scattering conversion from P- to S-wave energy is about (α/β)4 times greater than that from S to P waves (Aki, 1992), we found that the P-wave scattering field was converted quickly to the S-wave scattering field, leading to the conclusion that coda waves generated from both P- and S-wave sources are actually dominated by scattered S waves. We also compared our result with that obtained under the acoustic wave assumption. The acoustic wave assumption for seismic coda works quite well for the scattered S-wave field but fails for the scattered P-wave field. Our scattered elastic wave energy equation provides a theoretical foundation for studying the scattered wave field generated by a P-wave source such as an explosion. The scattered elastic wave energy equation can be easily generalized to an inhomogeneous random scattering medium by considering variable scattering and absorption coefficients and elastic wave velocities in the earth.
Scattering of elastic waves near an explosion
Authors: Leavy Donald 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We use the method of small perturbation to study the scattered waves generated by an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous medium around a spherically symmetric compressional source. We consider two models of the medium inside the source: a homogeneous solid and a fluid. The results from these two models differ only when scattering occurs within a few source's radii from the explosion. We find that there is a simple relation between the structure of the first order scattered waves and the structure of the medium, namely that a given harmonic of the medium parameters excites only the same harmonic of the two spheroidal potentials. When scattering occurs within a wavelength from the source, we find that the quadrantal terms in the spherical harmonic decomposition of the field have the lowest frequency dependence. They depend on frequency only through the spectrum of the source. Thus, in the far field, the dominant scattered waves generated near an explosion are similar to the primary waves generated by an earthquake. However, when the displacement field is observed in the near field of the explosion, the static solution reveals that a complete set of harmonics may be required to properly account for the displacement field. We compare the perturbation solution with the exact solution of the scattering by a sphere located within a wavelength from the source. This suggests that the perturbation solution has a fairly wide domain of practical applicability. We attempt to apply these results to the Love wave generated near the Boxcar nuclear explosion.
Spectra of quarry blasts and microearthquakes recorded at local distances in Israel
Authors: Gitterman Yefim , Eck Torild van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In northern Israel, quarry blasts and microearthquakes occur in a region with complicated tectonics. Therefore correct event identification, preferably based on a simple method that can be applied on a routine basis, is essential for accurate and detailed seismotectonic studies. Spectral analysis of quarry blasts and microearthquakes recorded at local distances (5 &lt; Δ &lt; 2000 km) by stations of the Israel Seismograph Network revealed spectral characteristics in the frequency range less than 12.5 Hz that can be used routinely for event identification. Most quarry blasts in northern Israel are ripple-fired, open pit blasts, consequently we chose an event discrimination method based on the recognition of ripple-firing patterns in the signal. A simple model for ripple firing parameters, based on interference theory of linear systems and including random effects, predicts spectral minima at low frequencies identical for different seismic phases. We compared the spectra of complete seismogram signals of 52 events recorded by the ISN at different distances and azimuths, including both microearthquakes and quarry blasts in a selected region of northern Israel. Consistent spectral modulation was found in a band from about 2 to 8 Hz for 18 of 21 reliably identified, i.e., reported, quarry blasts with time delays of 20 to 40 msec. The spectral minima frequencies correspond to those predicted by the theory.
Distance dependence ofMsand calibrating function for 20 second Rayleigh waves
Authors: Herak Marijan , Herak Davorka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study of 5514 Ms readings reported to the International Seismological Center and U.S. Geological Survey revealed that Ms values as obtained by the Moscow-Prague formula are significantly distance dependent. Average relative errors of over 0.5 magnitude units are made when using amplitude readings from very near and very distant stations. The new calibrating function for 20 sec Rayleigh waves is proposed in which the amplitudes decrease as distance+1.094, which agrees with results of theoretical studies.
Histomorphological study of colonoscopic biopsies in patients presenting with chronic diarrhea
Authors: R Kabbur Radha , K Vidya , Reddy K Manasa 
Published: September 2021

: Colonoscopic biopsy is an important tool in the diagnosis of large bowel diseases affected by a wide range of conditions both non neoplastic and neoplastic which can present with chronic diarrhea. The causes for chronic diarrhoea vary depending on socio-economic factors, hygienic practices. Studies exploring the causes of chronic diarrhea in developing countries are few, with no generalized uniformity. With this background information the present study is planned to know various causes of chronic diarrhea by histopathological study. To assess the histopathological findings among colonoscopic biopsies in patients undergoing work up for chronic diarrhea and to deternine the sex and age incidence in major causes: A total of 100 colonoscopic biopsies from the patients suffering from chronic diarrhea were obtained from the Department of Medical Gastroenterology and received in the Department of Pathology, VIMS & RC Bangalore from January 2014 to January 2015 were studied.: In the present study 100 colonoscopic biopsies were studied with a mean age of 45 years and male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Out of 100 cases, 92 cases were non-neoplastic lesions, 3 cases were benign and 5 cases were malignant lesions. Among 92 cases, majority of them were inflammatory lesions accounting to 85 cases (92.4%), 4 (4.3%) cases were polypoid lesions. The inflammatory bowel disease were more commonly seen in 31-40 years with the male preponderance.: Colonoscopy biopsy is a useful investigation to be carried out in patients with chronic diarrhea for proper diagnosis and treatment. It has a role in diagnosis, follow up and treatment, especially in cases of inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies. It is the gold standard for cancer surveillance.
Dirofilariasis in humans presenting as a subcutaneous nodule
Authors: MS Srikousthubha , AS Mohandas 
Published: September 2021

Human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic roundworm infection caused by worms belonging to dirofilaria species transmitted by zoo -anthropophilic blood sucking insects which is known to manifest as ocular infection or as a subcutaneous nodule usually in the upper part of the body. We present a case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in the left temporal region besides the eye brow in a 65yr old female, clinically diagnosed as epidermal cyst. Gross and histopathological evaluation revealed the presence of an adult worm with granulomatous inflammatory reaction.
Impact of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Duodenal Microbial Community Structure and Microbial Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Maeda Tadashi , Zai Hiroaki , Fukui Yuto , Kato Yoshifumi , Kumade Eri , Watanabe Toshiyasu , Furusyo Norihiro , Nakajima Hitoshi , Arai Kazuho , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tateda Kazuhiro , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The bioactivities of commensal duodenal microbiota greatly influence the biofunction of hosts. We investigated the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in extra-gastroduodenal diseases by determining the impact of H. pylori infection on the duodenal microbiota. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes in samples aspirated from the descending duodenum of 47 (male, 20; female, 27) individuals who were screened for gastric cancer. Samples were analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the LEFSe and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes methods were used to determine whether the duodenal microflora and microbial biofunctions were affected using H. pylori infection.
Results

Thirteen and 34 participants tested positive and negative for H. pylori, respectively. We identified 1,404 bacterial operational taxonomic units from 23 phyla and 253 genera. H. pylori infection increased the relative mean abundance of Proteobacteria and Neisseria and decreased the abundance of the two other phyla (Actinobacteria and TM7) and nine genera (Rothia, TM7-3, Leptotrichia, Lachnospiraceae, Megasphaera, F16, Moryella, Filifactor, and Paludibacter). Microbiota features were significantly influenced in H. pylori-positive participants by 12 taxa mostly classified as Gammaproteobacteria. Microbial functional annotation revealed that H. pylori significantly affected 12 microbial metabolic pathways.
Conclusions

H. pylori disrupted normal bacterial communities in the duodenum and changed the biofunctions of commensal microbiota primarily by upregulating specific metabolic pathways. Such upregulation may be involved in the onset of diseases associated with H. pylori infection.
Effects of Bone Cement Distribution On Adjacent Endplates After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty For Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Han Ye , Wu Jincheng , Wang Xiaodong , Gao Wenshan , Wang Jianzhong , Sun Shaosong , Zhang Zepei , Li Kepeng , Jun Miao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a common surgical method for the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. Currently, no biomechanical analysis has been performed examining the effects of cement distribution and positioning on the overall thoracolumbar range of motion (ROM) and the stress applied to adjacent endplates.METHODS: A model of PVP following vertebral compression fracture was established based on computed tomography data. Cement was injected into the T12 vertebral body. Depending on the location of the injection site, the model was divided into a median cement model, a left cement model, an upper-left cement model, and a lower-left cement model. The postoperative thoracolumbar ROM and biomechanical changes to the adjacent endplates were analyzed.RESULTS: After cement injection, the overall ROM for the thoracolumbar region increased compared with that before cement injection. The maximum ROM of flexion was 9.28° for the left model; the maximum ROM of extension was 10.90° for the upper-left model; the maximum left and right rotations were 8.47° and 8.52°, respectively, for the left model; the maximum left bending was 13.10° for the left model; and the maximum right bending was 13.43° for the left model. The stress applied to the adjacent vertebral endplate in the median cement model increased compared with the intact model, and the von Mises stress (VMS) value changed with different cement positions.CONCLUSION: After cement injection, the overall stress value of the endplate adjacent to the vertebral body increased, and when the position of the cement shifts, the maximum VMS increased further for some positions, and the stress value for the endplate adjacent to the vertebral body increased, which may cause fractures in the relative position.
Clinical Features And Prognostic Factors For Status Epilepticus In The Pediatric Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Eun Sohyun , Kwon Hye Eun , Kim Heoung Jin , Yoon Seo Hee , Kim Moon Kyu , Kim Se Hee , Lee Joon Soo , Kim Heung Dong , Kang Hoon-Chul , koo Chungmo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Uncontrolled status epilepticus (SE) causes damage to all organs, especially the brain. Although there are guidelines regarding the management of convulsive SE, the timing for administering first-line rescue medications (RMeds) remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed patients with persistent SE lasting for >30 min, who visited the pediatric emergency department (pED), to determine clinical features and risk factors and provide directions for management on arrival to the pED. Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing medical charts of patients aged 0–19 years diagnosed with SE and accompanying motor seizures, who visited the pED between January 2010 and December 2019. After arrival at the pED, patients were divided into two groups, namely ≥30 min (n = 12) and <30 min (n = 13), according to the additional seizure time and administration of the first dose of RMeds before and after 5 min. Results: Seizures lasting for <30 min were mainly belonged to idiopathic SE in the pED. Among four SE patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) management, three had delayed administration of RMeds of >5 min, which was statistically significant; hence, more hospitalizations in the ICU were observed when RMed administration was delayed (p = 0.047). In acute symptomatic SE such as encephalitis, more than three doses of RMeds were needed to control seizures. Conclusions: Patients with convulsive SE should arrive at the pED as soon as possible and immediately receive RMeds after arrival at the pED for good outcomes.
Evidence of Co-Circulation of Multiples Arbovirus Transmitted by Aedes Sp. Based on Laboratorial Syndromic Surveillance At Health Unit in Slum Area of Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Rufalco-Moutinho Paulo , de Noronha Lorena Aparecida Gonçalves , Quintão Tatyane de Souza Cardoso , Nobre Tayane Ferreira , Cardoso Ana Paula Sampaio , Cilião-Alves Daiani Cristina , Júnior Marco Aurélio Bellocchio , von Glehn Mateus de Paula , Haddad Rodrigo , Romero Gustavo Adolfo Sierra , de Araújo Wildo Navegantes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Vector-borne diseases, especially arbiviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos, should be a health policy priority in Brazil. Despite this urgency, there are significant limitations in the traditional surveillance system, such as lack of timely notification in identifying outbreaks at their onset and the systemic dismantling of entomological control in recent decades. Methods: Laboratory syndromic surveillance for acute febrile and/or exanthematous syndromes was developed at a health unit in a favela (Portuguese for slum) of the Federal District in order to identify the circulation of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos. Between June/2019 and March/2020, 131 valid participants were identified and tested by RT-PCR for dengue (by serotype), Zika and Chikungunya virus acute infection; and ELISA-IgM for dengue fever and Chikungunya 15-21 days after symptom onset, when the participant reported no respiratory signs (cough and/or coryza). The results obtained were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data for the study area. Results: At least 3 DENV-1 (2.3%), 4 DENV-2 (3%) and 1 CHIKV (0.7%) cases were confirmed in the laboratory, showing evidence of hyperendemicity even though laboratory syndromic surveillance had not reached the historic peak dengue fever months in the Federal District (April-May). When the results obtained here were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data, a significant discrepancy was observed, including underreporting of Chikungunya infection. Conclusions: in addition to the risks posed to the study population, the area investigated and its respective socioenvironmental profile may be a potential site for spreading the virus, given the cosmopolitan presence of Aedes sp. and human mobility in the Federal District. It is also suggested that traditional epidemiological surveillance may be notifying different acute viral infections such as dengue fever, while underreporting other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos in the Federal District.
Fluorine Depth Profiling Based on the 19F(p,p’g)19F Excitation Function
Authors: Cruz Joao , Fonseca M. , Galaviz D. , Henriques A. , Luís H. , Machado J. , Teubig P. , Velho P , Manteigas V. , Jesus A. P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ion beam analysis of fluorine has applications in research on teeth and bones, materials science, geochemistry and archaeometry. A novel PIGE (Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission) standard free methodology for fluorine content determination for in-depth heterogeneous samples based on the excitation function of the 19F(p,p’γ)19F nuclear reaction is presented. New precise cross section measurements of this reaction in the proton energy range 2.1 to 4.1 MeV have been performed. In addition, the ERYA-Profiling code, a computer program specially developed for PIGE analysis of in-depth heterogeneous samples, employed this new excitation function in a case study where different fluorine simulated depth profiles probed the capability of insight into fluorine distributions in a given sample, showing the potential of PIGE analysis.
Extraction of Alternative Activities to Diversify the Medical, Dentistry, and Pharmacy Student's Thesis
Authors: Salajegheh Mahla , Hekmat Somayeh Noori , Malekpour-afshar Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the correspondence of medical, dentistry, and pharmacy student's thesis with health issues and challenges of the society is a crucial concern of universities of medical sciences. Because the product-oriented thesis can significantly affect students' scientific and practical abilities and lead to the provision of more efficient services to society. The present study aimed to extract alternative activities to diversify medical, dentistry, and pharmacy student's thesis in Kerman University of medical Sciences.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study using the sequential exploratory design and conducted in the Education Development Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences between February and June 2021. The qualitative phase aimed to extract alternative activities to diversify medical, dentistry, and pharmacy student's thesis in three steps (literature review, scoring the extracted alternative activities, and implementing expert panel). The quantitative phase aimed to assess the extracted alternative activities to diversify medical, dentistry, and pharmacy student's thesis.Results: According to the results of the two phases, 18 alternative activities were identified and categorized into five domains of individual development, research, education, healthcare, and social services.Conclusions: The gap between what we know and what is seen in practice in medical, dentistry, and pharmacy student's thesis is quite apparent. According to research, it is always recommended that knowledge manifest itself in the society; however, the present study aimed to extract activities to replace student's dissertations so that they may turn into practice and contribute to social services.
A Rare Case of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer With NTRK1-TPM3 Gene Rearrangement
Authors: Endo Yuta , Watanabe Takafumi , Saito Motonobu , Saito Katsuharu , Suzuki Rei , Sano Hideki , Natori Yutaka , Sasaki Eisaku , Ueda Makiko , Kamo Norihito , Furukawa Shigenori , Soeda Shu , Kono Koji , Saji Shigehira , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: NTRK gene fusion is rare in gynecologic cancer. Entrectinib is a novel targeted drug which is a potent inhibitor of TRK A, B and C. Here, we present a case of recurrent ovarian cancer with NTRK1-TPM3 rearrangement, which was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and treated with entrectinib. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman was diagnosed as having stage IV ovarian cancer due to pleural effusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy were performed. Ten months after completion of chemotherapy, the patient’s disease recurred. She was treated with multimodal therapy for recurrence. DNA-based NGS detected NTRK1-TPM3 rearrangement and entrectinib was started. However, the patient’s disease progressed despite six weeks’ administration of entrectinib, and one month after discontinuation of entrectinib, she died. After her death immunohistochemistry with a pan-Trk monoclonal antibody was performed to determine the expression of TRK. However, immunohistochemistry was negative for TRK.Conclusion: We presented a rare case of recurrent ovarian cancer with NTRK1-TPM3 gene fusion, in which entrectinib was not effective. While NTRK gene fusion was detected by DNA-based NGS, immunohistochemistry was negative for TRK. Immunohistchemitory should be performed for confirmation of TRK protein expression before entrectinib administration.