bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a systematic review
Authors: Sweed Tamer , Mussa Mohamed , El-Bakoury Ahmed , Geutjens Guido , Metcalfe Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) by performing a systematic review of methods of treatment that have been reported.

Methods
A systematic literature search in the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ISI web of science and Scopus was performed through July 2020 by three independent reviewers. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018087782). Quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria.

Results
A total of nine studies were eligible for review. All nine studies assessed the outcome of arthroscopic debridement of MDACL. A total of 313 knees in 292 patients were included. The mean follow up ranged from 13 to 72 months. There was strong association between MDACL and chondral lesions (82%) and between MDACL and meniscal tears (69%). The rate of simultaneous meniscectomy ranged from 13 to 44%. Postoperative pain relief ranged from 53.8 to 95%. There was an improvement in postoperative range of motion and outcome scores (Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score). Postoperative Lachman test was positive in 40% of patients, and 6% of patients had symptomatic instability. The mean MINORS score was 9.5 out of 16 (4–12).

Conclusions
Arthroscopic debridement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) results in satisfactory pain relief and improvement in knee outcome scores. Postoperative ACL laxity is common after arthroscopic ACL debridement, however, symptomatic instability is not. The need for delayed ACL reconstruction should be discussed preoperatively, especially if complete resection of the ACL is to be performed.

Level of evidence
IV
The role of NKX2-5 gene polymorphisms in congenital heart disease (CHD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashiq Sana , Ashiq Kanwal , Sabar Muhammad Farooq 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The gene NKX2-5 is a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal cardiac development. Although some recent studies have studied the role of polymorphisms in the NKX2-5 gene in congenital heart diseases (CHDs), the results were not consistent and remained uncertain. Therefore, we conduct a review of literature and investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms with CHDs.

Results
We selected seventeen studies regarding the association of NKX2-5 gene rs2277923 polymorphism with CHDs. Overall, in all the tested genetic models, the 63A > G polymorphism was not significantly associated with increased congenital heart defects risk. We used pooled odds ratios (OR) to calculate the association of CHDs with rs2277923 including allelic model: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82–1.21; homozygote model: OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.68–1.33, recessive model: OR 0.89 CI 0.70–1.13, heterozygote model: OR: 1.09, 95%CI 0.87–1.37, dominant model: OR 1.08 CI 0.82–1.42 and overdominant model: OR 1.17 CI 1.01–1.35. In addition, our analysis suggests that no publication bias exists in this meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that 63A > G polymorphism in the NKX2-5 gene was not significantly associated with congenital heart defects. However, in the future, more studies with increased sample size are required that may provide us more definite conclusions.
Assessment of postural instability in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Talaat Mohamed Aziz Mohamed , Elfatatry Amr , Noor Nibras Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed , Eldeeb Mirhan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative, progressive, neurological condition that influences the control of a person’s body movements. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) is a clinical tool intended to evaluate the integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs to maintain postural gait. Posturography can be used to measure postural instability in PD patients. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the postural control and elaborate on the pathophysiology of the balance impairment in PD patients in the “on” state.

Results
All antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) sensory balance scores, except vestibular ones, were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. AP and ML sway were generally higher in the study group at all frequencies, with AP being mostly greater compared to ML sway in PD subjects. Global sensory scores were shown to deteriorate with increased durations of the disease and treatment.

Conclusions
PD patients have higher postural instability in comparison to controls with AP sway being higher compared to ML.
Performance evaluation and stability analysis of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties for yield and quality traits in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Abebe , Girmay Getawey , Alemayehu Tesfaye , Lakew Alemu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an annual cereal crop that belongs to the grass family Poaceae of the tribe Triticeae. It is the fifth most important cereal crop after teff, wheat, maize and sorghum in area coverage in Ethiopia. Important malting barley characteristics include kernel size, kernel protein content, extractable malt and diastatic power. Malt barely is an important crop in the study area; however, the productivity is low in the area varying from 15 kg ha−1 to 21 kg ha−1. The aim of the study was to identify high yielding, standard quality and stable malting barley variety to the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. Field experiments were conducted using eight improved malt barely varieties during the main cropping seasons (from the first week of July to end of October) in 2016 and 2017 at two selected sites Dehana (Amede work) and Lalibela (Medagai)) in north east Ethiopia. Data on grain yield and yield related traits, and quality attributes were recorded. Days to 50% heading (DH), and days to 90% maturity (DM) were recorded on plots basis. Plant height (PH, in cm), spike length (SPL, in cm), and number of seeds per spike (SPS) were measured on five randomly selected plants per plot of the central four rows. Mean grain yield (GY; grams of grain produced per plot, converted in kg ha−1), above ground dry biomass or biological yield (BY; dry weight of the above ground harvested biomass grams per plot, in kg ha−1) and thousand grain weight (TGW; weight of 1000 kernels, in grams) were measured on whole plots. Data were analyzed using SAS software program and significance of the mean difference was tested in least significant difference Test (LSD).

Result
The analysis of variance for grain yield and quality traits showed that the main effects of both genotypes and environments, and their interaction effect, were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The environment main effect accounted for 42%, 38% and 50% of the total grain yield, thousand kernel weight and kernel protein content variation, respectively. The average grain yield across varieties varied from 1652 kg ha−1 to 3377 kg ha−1.

Conclusions
Three malting barley varieties (IBON174/03, EH1847 and Bahati) were found to be relatively high yielding, stable for grain yield and full fill the quality parameters. Therefore, these varieties are recommended for production. A further study is required on agronomic practices and brewing quality attributes in malt barley.
Rosiglitazone Requires Hepatocyte PPARγ Expression to Promote Steatosis in Male Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Lee Samuel M , Muratalla Jose , Diaz-Ruiz Alberto , Remon-Ruiz Pablo , McCann Maximilian , Liew Chong W , Kineman Rhonda D , Cordoba-Chacon Jose 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that may reduce hepatic steatosis through their effects in adipose tissue and therefore have been assessed as potential therapies to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. However, some studies suggest that expression and activation of hepatocyte PPARγ promotes steatosis and that would limit the benefits of TZD as a NAFLD therapy. To further explore this possibility, we examined the impact of short-term rosiglitazone maleate treatment after the development of moderate or severe diet-induced obesity, in both control and adult-onset hepatocyte-specific PPARγ knockout (PpargΔHep) mice. Independent of the level of obesity and hepatic PPARγ expression, the TZD treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, associated with an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) fat accumulation, consistent with clinical observations. However, TZD treatment increased hepatic triglyceride content only in control mice with severe obesity. Under these conditions, PpargΔHep reduced diet-induced steatosis and prevented the steatogenic effects of short-term TZD treatment. In these mice, subcutaneous WAT was enlarged and associated with increased levels of adiponectin, while hepatic levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase were also increased. In addition, in mice with severe obesity, the expression of hepatic Cd36, Cidea, Cidec, Fabp4, Fasn, and Scd-1 was increased by TZD in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hepatocyte PPARγ expression offsets the antisteatogenic actions of TZD in mice with severe obesity. Therefore, in obese and insulin resistant humans, TZD-mediated activation of hepatocyte PPARγ may limit the therapeutic potential of TZD to treat NAFLD.
O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for RapidPomcExpression and Cell Proliferation in Corticotropic Tumor Cells
Authors: Massman Logan J , Pereckas Michael , Zwagerman Nathan T , Olivier-Van Stichelen Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPituitary adenomas have a staggering 16.7% lifetime prevalence and can be devastating in many patients because of profound endocrine and neurologic dysfunction. To date, no clear genomic or epigenomic markers correlate with their onset or severity. Herein, we investigate the impact of the O-GlcNAc posttranslational modification in their etiology. Found in more than 7000 human proteins to date, O-GlcNAcylation dynamically regulates proteins in critical signaling pathways, and its deregulation is involved in cancer progression and endocrine diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc enzymes were upregulated, particularly in aggressive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting tumors, suggesting a role for O-GlcNAcylation in pituitary adenoma etiology. In addition to the demonstration that O-GlcNAcylation was essential for their proliferation, we showed that the endocrine function of pituitary adenoma is also dependent on O-GlcNAcylation. In corticotropic tumors, hypersecretion of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived hormone ACTH leads to Cushing disease, materialized by severe endocrine disruption and increased mortality. We demonstrated that Pomc messenger RNA is stabilized in an O-GlcNAc-dependent manner in response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). By affecting Pomc mRNA splicing and stability, O-GlcNAcylation contributes to this new mechanism of fast hormonal response in corticotropes. Thus, this study stresses the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in ACTH-secreting adenomas’ pathophysiology, including cellular proliferation and hypersecretion.
Potensi Rumput Laut di Perairan Seram Timur, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur , Maluku
Authors: Rugebregt Marsya Jaqualine , Pattipeilohy Ferdinand , Matuanakotta Caleb , Ainarwowan Ahmad , Abdul Malik Sudin , Abdul Malik Sudin , Kainama Ferdimon , Kainama Ferdimon 
Published: August 2021

Makroalgae termasuk bagian dari flora yang terdiri atas banyak jenis dan memiliki peranan penting pada lingkungan laut salah satunya adalah Perairan Pulau Keffing di Kecamatan Seram bagian Timur, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2017. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksplorasi dengan pengambilan sampel secara line transek kuadrat. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dibedakan menjadi tiga stasiun. Jumlah jenis algae yang dijumpai dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 jenis yang terdiri atas 9 jenis dari kelas algae Chlorophyta, satu jenis dari kelas Phaeophyta dan enam jenis dari kelas Rhodophyta. Jenis-jenis yang ditemukan memiliki potensi ekonomi, baik kepada lingkungan periaran maupun kepada manusia, namun pemanfaatannya belum dioptimalkan oleh masyarakat karena sebagian hanya dimanfaatkan untuk makanan. Dari hasil pengukuran parameter lingkungan menunjukan masih sesuai bagi pertumbuhan rumput laut. Perairan pulau Keffing dan sekitarnya memiliki kemungkinan untuk dikembangkannya kegiatan usaha budidaya rumput laut serta pengembangan pengolahan potensinya. AbstractMacroalgae is part of the flora consists of many types and has an important role in the marine environment, one of which is the waters of Keffing Island in the East Seram District, East Seram District. The research was carried out in November 2017. The method used in this study is an exploratory method by taking a sample using a quadratic transect line. The sampling locations were divided into three stations. The number of algae species found in this study was 16 species consisting of 9 species from the Chlorophyta class, one from the Phaeophyta class, and six species from the Rhodophyta class. The species found have economic potential, both for the aquatic environment and for humans, but their utilization has not been optimized by the community because some of them are only used for food. The results of the measurement of environmental parameters show that it is still suitable for seaweed growth. The waters of Keffing Island and its surroundings have the possibility for the development of seaweed cultivation activities and the development of processing potential.
Persistent luminescence materials for deep photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bessière Aurélie , Durand Jean-Olivier , Noûs Camille 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Persistent luminescence (PerL) materials continue emitting light long after their excitation has stopped. Prepared in the form of nanoparticles they revealed their full potential as bio-nanoprobes for in vivo small animal imaging in the last 15 years. PerL materials enable to overcome the limitation of weak light penetration in living tissues. As such, they constitute remarkable light mediators to implement photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tissues. This article reviews the recent achievements in PerL-mediated PDT in vitro as well as in small animal cancer models in vivo. PerL-mediated PDT is realized through the smart choice of a tandem of a PerL material and a photosensitizer (PS). The physical association of the PerL material and the PS as well as their targeting ability is debated. Implants or mesoporous nanoparticles emerge as particularly valuable cargos that further permit multimodality in imaging or therapy. The diversity of charge-trapping mechanisms in a few PerL materials enables a large versatility in the excitation protocols. Although the PerL agent can be pre-excited by UV light before its introduction into the animal, it also induces effective PDT after simple infrared or visible LED illumination across tissues as well as after a mild X-ray irradiation.
Burckhardt’s Silence and Nietzsche
Authors: Löwenstein Manfred Posani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first part of this article questions the authenticity of one of the most quoted and allegedly reliable sources in the Burckhardt-Nietzsche debate. After having pointed out who was interested in manipulating this source and why, it will go back to the original issue of Burckhardt’s “silence.” This time, though, the question is going to be tackled from a different angle: not what Burckhardt thought about Nietzsche; rather, what did Nietzsche think about Burckhardt’s silence. The claims I will raise in this respect are two: 1) Nietzsche is the firstinterpreterof Burckhardt’s silence; 2) Burckhardt’s silence, far from being a mere private issue, became an elaborate theme of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy.
A Heretical Student in the Schopenhauerian School
Authors: Jensen Anthony K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Schopenhauer-Schule was a group of original and diverse thinkers working in the wake of a common inspiration. This paper elucidates Nietzsche’s relationship with these thinkers specifically as concerns their intertwined theories of will. It shows that despite his efforts to suppress and ridicule them, Nietzsche was influenced by the Schopenhauer-Schule and adopted several of their alterations to Schopenhauer. But it will also show that Nietzsche was a heretical member of this school in the sense that his theory of will was not only different from theirs but also subversive. Whereas each member of the Schopenhauer-Schule posits a realist ontology of will, Nietzsche’s perspectivism undercuts the possibility of their ontological realism and puts in its place a semiotical system of expression. As a result of this contextualized framework, Nietzsche’s will to power is revealed, not as an intended reference to a real “thing” in the world, but as a symbol that expresses his perspective about an unknowable reality.
Nietzsche’s Heraclitean Doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same
Authors: Loeb Paul S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a long and successful scholarly tradition of commenting on Nietzsche’s deep affinity for the philosophy of Heraclitus. But scholars remain puzzled as to why he suggested at the end of his career, inEcce Homo, that the doctrine he valued most, the eternal recurrence of the same, might also have been taught by Heraclitus. This essay aims to answer this question through a close examination of Nietzsche’s allusions to Heraclitus in his first published mention of eternal recurrence inThe Joyful Scienceand in a related set of notes from the period when he was formulating and defending his doctrine of eternal recurrence while writingThus Spoke Zarathustra. The key to answering this question, it is argued, is that Nietzsche came to believe that the doctrine of eternal recurrence, when properly understood as requiring identical repetition, has to presuppose a Heraclitean reality of eternal, absolute, and universal flux.
Utopien des Übergangs. Don Quixote und Zarathustra
Authors: Kerger Henry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The subject of this article points beyond a purely literary or literary-historical approach. The question is, whether and how a human being is able to change the (social) conditions of their life by changing himself through transition into another form of existence. In order to overcome established (social) conditions and one’s self, it is necessary to begin with a vision, a utopian dream. Those who pursue the utopian dream of overcoming their current (social) conditions must acknowledge their own good and evil, that is, their position vis-à-vis equality and justice, law and morality. The person itself, and its personality, is revealed in the relation between the utopia of changing its current way of life and its social reality. The ultimate question is: what is the essence of humanity, the ecce homo? Both the transition into a new form of being and the utopian dream differ decisively in Don Quixote and Zarathustra. It is not my concern to compare them as literary figures.
„Werde, der du bist!“. Selbsterkenntnis, Handeln und Selbstgestaltung bei Nietzsche in einem Ineditum von Georges Canguilhem
Authors: Brusotti Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn an unpublished text from the early postwar period, Georges Canguilhem deals with Nietzsche’s maxim “Become who you are!” Is this “apparently contradictory formula of a philosopher full of contradictions” really only seemingly inconsistent? Canguilhem regards it as a norm whose supposed metaphysical or objective content dissolves upon further analysis. So he here discerns a new instance of the same potential confusion he had already addressed in his classical essay onThe Normal and the Pathological(1943). According to him, the formula “become who you are!” must not be misunderstood in a naturalistic sense, a tendency from which not even Nietzsche himself, Canguilhem thinks, was entirely free. Besides the French philosophy of his time, his philosophical inquiry into “Become who you are!” critically engages two classic German Nietzsche scholars, Ernst Bertram and Karl Jaspers, as well as the French interpreters of the latter’s philosophy ofExistenz, Mikel Dufrenne and Paul Ricœur. Finally, the paper highlights Nietzsche’s specific importance for Canguilhem and the ambivalence in his privileged relationship to the German thinker.
Bound Sovereignty: The Origins of Moral Conscience in Nietzsche’s “Sovereign Individual”
Authors: Meredith Thomas R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper offers a new interpretation of Nietzsche’s “sovereign individual,” which appears in the second treatise of his 1887 On the Genealogy of Morality. I argue that Nietzsche’s presentation of that figure’s sovereignty is much more ambiguous than has hitherto been recognized. In contrast to scholars who argue that he is either completely free from moral conscience or entirely subservient to it, I argue that he is neither completely autonomous nor heteronomous. He surpasses the need for the enforcement of custom only by internalizing it, i. e. by developing a conscience. This positions him as a crucial link in Nietzsche’s understanding of the human being’s dependence on morality. Attending to the sovereign individual’s ambiguities reveals Nietzsche’s skepticism about the possibility of autonomy within the political community.
Leib, Seele und Subjektivität nach Nietzsche. Internationale Perspektiven auf ein Problem im Wandel
Authors: Guerreschi Luca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNietzsche’s reflection on the constitution of human subjectivity is an essential moment of his philosophy. As historical and academic conditions change, distinct interpretations of this reflection often contradict each other. This review essay aims to offer an insight into this situation. The anthology edited by Dries, which focuses on the concepts of “consciousness” and the “embodied mind,” presents innovative readings from the perspective of the philosophy of mind. However, this collection is marred by an insufficient comparison with the embodiment debate. Second, Benne and Müller’s volume shows how the concepts of “person” and “personality” are used by Nietzsche to describe the complexity of human subjectivity after the dissolution of the metaphysical subject. Third, Papparo’s monograph denotes with clarity the positive and productive aspects of the concept of soul in Nietzsche, but it is unsatisfactory from a scientific point of view. Finally, Scandella’s book succeeds on the contrary in highlighting some significant themes that have been overlooked in previous contributions. From a theoretical point of view, this review points out some shortcomings of the naturalistic interpretations of Nietzsche, which seem inadequate not only to grasp the complexity of his conception of human subjectivity, but also to show its actuality.