bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in COVID-19: A cheap prognostic marker in a resource constraint setting
Authors: Toori Kaleem Ullah , Qureshi Muhammad Arsalan , Chaudhry Asma , Safdar Muhammad Farhan 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To identify association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with disease severity and mortality.
Methods: Total 720 Corona Virus RT-PCR positive patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were admitted to KRL Hospital Islamabad from April 2020 to August 2020. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was recorded on admission and then serially. NLR cut-off was 3.0. WHO categories for disease severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe) were used. Demographic profile, symptoms and co-morbidities were recorded.
Results: The mean age of patients was 40 ± 12.4 years with 96% being males. Majority patients (76.5%) were asymptomatic. Amongst symptoms, fever was the most common symptom. Diabetes mellitus was most common recorded co-morbidity. The mean NLR 2.5 ± 2.78. Significant association was found between NLR and disease severity as well as mortality. Difference in mean NLR amongst disease severity categories was also significant
Conclusion: Results are compatible with worldwide studies and NLR is a cheap and easily available marker of disease severity and mortality.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4194
How to cite this:Toori KU, Qureshi MA, Chaudhry A, Safdar MF. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in COVID-19: A cheap prognostic marker in a resource constraint setting. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1435-1439. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4194
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hemodynamic Parameters After Prone Positioning of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shilin D. S. , Shapovalov K. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim of the study. To examine the effect of prone positioning on hemodynamics in patients with COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 84 patients of both sexes with community-acquired multisegmental viral and bacterial pneumonia associated with COVID-19, who were divided into groups according to the type of respiratory support. The tests were performed using the integrated hardware and software system for noninvasive central hemodynamic assessment by volumetric compression oscillometry.Results. We found that the pulse blood pressure velocity decreased from 281 [242.0; 314.0] to 252 [209; 304] mm Hg/s in patients with severe COVID-19 on oxygen support (p=0.005); volume ejection rate decreased from 251 [200; 294] to 226 [186; 260] ml/s (P=0.03); actual/estimated normalized vascular resistance ratio dropped from 0.549 [0.400; 0.700] to 0.450 [0.300; 0.600] (P=0.002), while the arterial wall compliance increased from 1.37 [1.28; 1.67] to 1.45[1.10; 1.60] ml/mm Hg (P=0.009). Prone positioning of patients on noninvasive lung ventilation associated with a reduction of linear blood flow rate from 40.0 [34.0; 42.0] to 42.5 [42.5; 47.25] cm/s (7=0.04) and arterial wall compliance from 1.4 [1.24; 1.50] to 1.32 [1.14; 1.49] ml/mm Hg (7=0.03). Prone positioning of patients on invasive lung ventilation did not result in significant hemodynamic changes.Conclusion. The greatest hemodynamic changes during prone positioning were found in patients on oxygen respiratory support, whereas the least significant alterations were seen in patients on invasive ventilatory support.
Meglumine Sodium Succinate to Correct COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy: the Feasibility Study
Authors: Simutis I. S. , Boyarinov G. A. , Yuriev M. Yu. , Petrovsky D. S. , Kovalenko A. L. , Sapozhnikov K. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of meglumine sodium succinate (MSS) on the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infection complicated by bilateral community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. Overall efficacy of treatment was analyzed in 12 patients hospitalized to ICU with the diagnosis of severe confirmed COVID-19 coronavirus infection (U07.1) complicated by bilateral multisegmental pneumonia. All patients received prophylactic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin. The patients were divided into two groups: 7 of them received a multi-electrolyte solution containing MSS 5 ml/kg daily for the entire ICU stay (3-10 days) as a part of therapy; 5 patients received a similar volume of a conventional multi-electrolyte solution containing no metabolically active substrates and comprised a control group. Coagulation parameters were measured in arterial and venous blood of all patients at the following stages: 1) upon admission to the ICU; 2) 2-4 hours after the first dose of heparin; 3) 8-12 hours after the second dose of heparin; 4) 24 hours after the beginning of intensive therapy. On the 28th day of follow-up, mortality, duration of ICU stay, and incidence of thrombotic complications in the groups were evaluated. Nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were used to assess intragroup changes and intergroup differences.Results. The group of patients administered with MSS had significantly fewer thromboembolic events during 28 days of treatment and shorter ICU stay. These patients responded faster to anticoagulant therapy, which was suggested by more distinct changes in coagulation parameters, i.e. increased APTT, persisting viable thrombocyte population, reduced D-dimer and fibrinogen levels.Conclusion. The metabolic action of succinate possibly increases endothelial resistance to damaging factors and reduces its procoagulant activity. The hypothesis requires testing in a larger clinical study with a design including laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of varying doses of the studied drug as well as aiming at elucidation of the mechanisms of its effect on specific pro- and anticoagulation system components.
The Validity of the Invasive Tests for Helicobacter Pylori Diagnosis is Unequally Affected by the Consumption of Antibiotics or Pump Inhibitors. Test Performance under Real-World Conditions
Authors: Alcedo Javier , Casas Diego , Gotor Jesus , Lafuente Miguel , Llorente Mónica , Sanz-Segura Patricia , Monzón Rosario , Hörndler Carlos , Peña-Galo Edgar Martin 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Patients undergoing upper endoscopy have often used proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and/or antibiotics (ABx) recently. Both drugs have been associated with a poorer yield of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) diagnostic tests. The aim was to assess the accuracy of the polymerase chain reaction test (qPCR), histological exam (HE) and ultra-fast urease test (UFUT) for H. pylori detection in patients that recently used PPI or ABx.
Methods: Prospective study recruiting 206 patients who underwent upper endoscopy and gastric biopsies. Demographics and use of PPI/ABx were obtained. Sensibility (Sn), specificity (Sp), predictive value (PV), likelihood ratio (LR) and PABAK concordance index, were calculated, considering as the gold standard the positivity of 2 out of 3 analyzed tests. A global analysis and another one based on the PPI/ABx intake were performed.
Results: 48.5% of patients used PPI and 12.8% ABx within the 2 and 4 weeks prior to endoscopy, respectively. The UFUT was positive in 13.1% of patients, HE in 34% and qPCR in 35.9%. UFUT achieved lower Sn (37%) than HE (98%) and qPCR (98%) (p<0.001) overall. ABx were associated with lower Sn in HE (p=0.04) and lower Sp in qPCR (p=0.03). PPI did not associate with a significant drop in Sn and Sp. The concordance between HE and qPCR was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73-0.89).
Conclusions: Under real world conditions, the accuracy and concordance of HE and qPCR to diagnose H. pylori were excellent, but UFUT achieved unsatisfactory outcomes. The intake of ABx was associated with the worse performance, fundamentally for HE. The PPI did not reduce the tests‘ yield significantly.
Multi Level Marketing (MLM) in Fatwa DSN MUI
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Sofwan , Muslim Moch Bukhori , Saepullah Saepullah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to explain the fatwa of the DSN-MUI (Dewan Sharia Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia) No. 75 / DSN MUI / VII / 2009, regarding Guidelines for Direct Selling with Sharia Level (PLBS) or Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). The study analyses the methodology used by the DSN-MUI in giving the fatwa on the MLM. This study is a qualitative research with a content-analysis method by analysing the fatwa on MLM using fiqh and ushul al-fiqh theories. It concludes that the fatwa issued by the DSN MUI is accommodating and applicable for business people in Indonesia. The DSN MUI fatwa provides solutions and guidance for business people to make business activities in accordance with the sharia’s principles.Keyword: Fatwa ,MLM, DSN MUI. Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan fatwa DSN-MUI (Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia) No. 75/DSN MUI/VII/2009, tentang Pedoman Penjualan Langsung Bertingkat Syariah (PLBS) atau Multi Level Pemasaran (MLM). Kajian ini menganalisis metodologi yang digunakan DSN-MUI dalam memberikan fatwa tentang MLM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi dengan menganalisis fatwa tentang MLM dengan menggunakan teori fiqh dan ushul al-fiqh. Disimpulkan bahwa fatwa yang dikeluarkan DSN MUI sudah akomodatif dan berlaku bagi para pelaku bisnis di Indonesia. Fatwa DSN MUI memberikan solusi dan pedoman bagi para pelaku usaha untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha sesuai dengan prinsip syariah.Kata Kunci: Fatwa ,MLM, DSN MUI.
Al-Insijam Baina Al-‘Urf Wa Al- Sharī‘ah Al-Islāmiyyah fi Taqlīd Ngarunghal Bi-Majalengka
Authors: Taufiki Muhammad , Badriyah Badriyah 
Published: July 2021

Harmonization of shari’a and tradition which are two different legal entities is highly to look forward. Especially in Indonesia as a plural legal country that has a diversity of tribes, tradition and cultures. This paper tries to describe one of the harmonization of Islamic law and tradition that occur in Majalengka using qualitative research methods with the Islamic law approach that occurs in ngarunghal tradition, including the pelangkah present. The harmonization of the differences between tradition and shari’a can be a new configuration that can continue to be preserved in Indonesia. The research data was obtained from interviews and previous researches. The results of this research show that shari’a accepts the wealth of indigenous entities, and also the tradition accepts the principle of Islam as an effort to reconstruct traditions in line with shari’a. Abstrak:Harmonisasi hukum Islam dan adat yang merupakan dua entitas hukum berbeda sangat dinantikan, terutama di Indonesia sebagai negara hukum plural yang memiliki keberagaman suku bangsan, adat, dan budaya. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan harmonisasi hukum Islam dan adat yang terjadi di wilayah Majalengka, Jawa Barat. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan kajian hukum Islam, penelitian ini mengungkapkan rangkaian adat ngarunghal, termasuk di dalamnya pemberian pelangkah. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam menerima kekayaan entitas adat, dan adat juga menerima prinsip Islam sebagai upaya rekonstruksi adat sejalan dengan ajaran Islam. Hasil harmonisasi dari perbedaan kedua entitas dalam permasalahan tersebut dapat menjadi bentuk kekayaan Islam Indonesia yang dapat terus dilestarikan.
The Language of Fatwa: Understanding Linguistic Violence in The Indonesian Ulama Council’s Fatwa on Ahmadiyah
Authors: Alnizar Fariz , Ma'ruf Amir , Manshur Fadlil Munawwar 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to reveal the linguistic violence in The Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) fatwa text on Ahmadiyah. Some words contain linguistic violence such as “deviant”, “infidel”, and “a state threaten”. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and discourses that come from the MUI fatwa texts in 1980 and 2005 on Ahmadiyah. This study concludes two forms of linguistic violence in those fatwa’s, namely violence in the subtle form and the abusive form. In the subtle form of linguistic violence, language is operated to dominate other parties. Meanwhile, language is used as an offensive expression carried out consciously in a discourse in the abusive form. Language is used to attack other parties, such as labeling a heretical. Language is also used as a tool to hurt others.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kekerasan linguistik dalam teks fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) tentang Ahmadiyah. Dalam teks tersebut terdapat kata-kata yang mengandung unsur kekerasan linguistik seperti “sesat menyesatkan”, “berada di luar Islam” dan “bahaya bagi ketertiban dan keamanan negara.” Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, dan wacana yang berasal dari teks fatwa MUI tahun 1980 dan 2005 tentang Ahmadiyah tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk kekerasan linguistik pada kedua fatwa tentang Ahmadiyah tersebut. Pertama, kekerasan linguistik bentuk halus (subtle form). Kedua, kekerasan linguistik bentuk kasar (abusive form). Pada kekerasan linguistik bentuk halus (subtle form), bahasa dioperasikan sebagai wahana untuk mendominasi pihak lain. Sementara pada kekerasan linguistik bentuk kasar (abusive form) bahasa digunakan sebagai ekspresi ofensif yang dilakukan secara sadar dalam sebuah wacana. Dalam kekerasan linguistik bentuk kasar, bahasa dimanfaatkan untuk menyerang pihak lain seperti memberi label sesat menyesatkan. Selain itu, bahasa juga digunakan sebagai sarana untuk menyakiti pihak lain.
Enhancing ELT Classroom Using Moodle E-Learning During the Pandemic: Students’ and Teachers’ Voices
Authors: Ardinengtyas Arlischa , Himawan Arifin Nur 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic that started at the end of December 2019 has brought tremendous impacts on education in Indonesia and worldwide. Responding to this situation, the ministry of education appeals to some educational institutions to conduct online learning during the pandemic. SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta is one of the schools which consistently adhered to the regulation by maintaining the learning process through Moodle-based E-Learning. This phenomenological study is designed to explore students’ and teachers’ perceptions toward the implementation of Moodle E-Learning in ELT during the pandemic. The semi-structured interview was conducted to twenty students and three teachers to get the data based on their beliefs, perceptions, experiences, and perspectives toward the phenomenon. Results of this study show that the use of Moodle E-Learning brings benefits to the ELT Classroom. It builds students’ learning interest and contributes to the enhancement of technological and pedagogical aspects in ELT. Comprehensive material and learning sources are beneficial to expand students’ autonomous learning and problem-solving skills. Further, maximizing Moodle E-Learning features such as discussion forum and teleconference can bridge the demand of blended learning. Thus, Moodle E-Learning is a recommended platform for conducting online learning especially during the pandemic. ABSTRAKPenyakit pandemik (COVID-19) yang terjadi pada akhir Desember 2019 membawa dampak yang luar biasa bagi pendidikan Indonesia. Menaggapi situasi tersebut, Kementerian Pendidikan menghimbau beberapa institusi pendidikan untuk melakukan pembelajaran online selama pandemik terjadi. SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu sekolah yang konsisten menaati regulasi dengan tetap menjaga proses pembelajaran melalui Moodle E Learning Based. Penelitian ini dirancang di bawah studi fenomenologi untuk mengeksplorasi resepsi siswa dan guru terhadap penerapan Moodle E-Learning di ELT selama penyakit pandemi. Wawancara semiterstruktur di lakukan terhadap dua puluh siswa dan tiga guru untuk mendapatkan data yang tidak terbatas berdasarkan keyakinan resepsi, pengalaman, dan perspektif mereka terhadap fenomena tersebut. Penggunaan Moodle E-Learning membawa beberapa manfaat bagi kelas ELT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukn bahwa penggunaan Moodle E-Learning meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Selain itu memberikan konstribusi pada beberapa peningkatan aspek teknologi dan pedagogis di ELT. Materi yang komprehensif, dan sumber belajar bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran otonom siswa dan ketrampilan memecahkan masalah memaksimalkan fitur Moodle E-Learning seperti forum diskusi dan telekonferensi dapat menjembatani permintaan blended learning. Dengan demikian, Moodle E-Learning adalah platform yang direkomendasikan untuk melakukan pembelajaran online.
Antioxidant Activities and Profile of Amino Acid of Yoghurt from Beef Milk Fermentation with Dadih Starter
Authors: Chalid Sri Yadial , Kinasih Pratiwi Nur , Hatiningsih Fitriah , Rudiana Tarso 
Published: July 2021

Dadih is naturally fermented buffalo milk in bamboo tubes and known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activity. Lactic acid bacteria in dadih can use as a starter to produce yogurt. The study aimed to produce yogurt of cow's milk with dadih as a starter, to determine the antioxidant activity and amino acid composition. Dadih is added with concentration variation of 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10% (v/v) and it fermented for 48 hours at room temperature. Lactic acid bacteria cell counts of dadih were calculated by the total plate count method. Yogurt was tested by organoleptics with 33 panelists and proximate analysis water, ash, fat and protein contens based on the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) in 2005. Antioxidant activities of yogurt were tested by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Amino acid composition of yogurt was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The research result of amount of LAB on dadih are 1.01 x 1011 CFU/mL, has fulfilled the requirements of SNI 2981: 2009. Yogurt produced with the addition of dadih by 10% (v/v) is most accepted by panelists. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained by yogurt with 2.5% addition of dadih with IC50 value of 78.28 ppm. Yogurt almost contain all essential and non-essensial amino acids including tyrosine and phenylalanine as the antioxidants. Measurement of water, ash, protein and fat content in the sample meets the requirements of SNI 2981: 2009.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemulia Varietas Tanaman (Petani) Pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2019 tentang Sistem Budi Daya Pertanian Berkelanjutan
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Pemuliaan tanaman menghasilkan sebuah varietas baru tanaman merupakan salah satu bagian dari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) yang kemudian diatur sesuai dengan ketentuan akan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia yang bertitik tolak dari ketentuan GATT/TRIPs. Kemudian bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia guna melindungi hak-hak yang di miliki oleh Petani Kecil, lebih lanjut kita juga dapat melihat bagaimana pengaturan yang dilakukan oleh aturan hukum internasional guna melindungi Kepentingan Petani Kecil.Kata kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Pemuliaan Varietas Tanaman, Pemuliaan, Petani Plant breeding to produce a new variety of plants is one part of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) which is regulated in accordance with the applicable legal provisions in Indonesia which start from the provisions of GATT / TRIPs. Then how are the efforts made by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to protect the rights of Smallholders. Furthermore, we can also see how the arrangements are made by international legal rules to protect the Interests of Smallholders.Keywords: Legal Protection, Plant Variety Breeding, Breeding, Farmers
Chemical Literacy Skill of High School Students on the Solution Chemistry
Authors: Prasemmi Senna , Rahayu Sri , Fajaroh Fauziatul , Almuntasheri Saeed 
Published: July 2021

This research aimed to develop a multiple-choice chemical literacy test on solution chemistry as an instrument that specifically focuses on learners' knowledge and competency aspects; applying the test instrument by surveying 12th-grade high school students. The development of the test instrument adapted the R&D model by Borg and Gall. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability of the test was obtained after small-scale and wide-scale trials are 0.793 and 0.833, respectively, with 35 valid items. Data were collected using random cluster sampling with a total of 463 respondents. The result shows that the mean score of chemical literacy for the students in this study is 46.27. This indicated that the students' level of chemical literacy is low, and further improvement is required.
Pandemia y jóvenes en territorios rurales de Argentina
Authors: Alcoba Laura Noemi , Salatino Maria Noelia , Chavez María Florencia Florencia , Gonzalez Leticia , Quiroga María Belen 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo analiza la situación de jóvenes rurales y su percepción respecto de la coyuntura de pandemia y aislamiento. Resulta de interés en cuanto la pandemia ha agravado la situación de vulnerabilidad estructural que los caracteriza.
Generalmente las juventudes son quienes cuentan con mayor capacidad de aprendizaje, adaptación y asimilación de nuevas tecnologías, volviéndose un grupo estratégico dentro del marco del desarrollo rural sostenible. Sin embargo, gran parte de las y los jóvenes que permanecen en la agricultura o áreas rurales se ven afectados por una multiplicidad de factores, exacerbados frente a la crisis sanitaria mundial.
Para este artículo se analizaron 96 encuestas de jóvenes entre 15 a 29 años relevadas en Argentina en pandemia (COVID-19), realizadas a referentes de distintas localidades y comunidades rurales del país. Se indagó sobre variados temas relativos al contexto de aislamiento y gestión de la pandemia.
El propósito es aportar al conocimiento de la situación de desigualdad de las juventudes rurales. Para el desarrollo de los territorios, resulta fundamental reconocer su inclusión como sujetos de política pública, otorgarles espacio de participación, integrarlos en una mirada prospectiva, fortaleciendo oportunidades para que su arraigo en el campo pueda ser alternativa.
AN ANALYSIS OF WAR LANGUAGE IN COVID 19 SPEECHES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Gulzar Kanwal , Khan Saira Asghar , Khan Imdad Ullah , Khan Saood , Amina Sidra 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aims to include the hidden ideology working behind the metaphor that is used in the speeches of both countries. It will also analyze the source domains used by both countries and will explore whether the two countries are employing similar source domains or using different source domains.
Methodology: The Theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) by Charteris-Black (2004) has been employed to study the metaphors used.
Main Findings: The results reveal that the USA is quite racist in its president naming the virus CHINESE VIRUS, and it appears as an authoritative, dominant, and strong nation that intends to hold its supremacy all around the world. Whereas the UK shows its nationalistic approach. The source domains of War, Enemy, soldier, Home front are found to be a similar while different source domains used are wartime president, victory in the USA, and Blitz spirit, wartime government in the UK.
Applications of this study: As the ideologies of the different governments have been linguistically assessed through the metaphorical frameworks used, this study is a helpful study to understand the stance being used by the different governments in dealing with universal problems. It can be helpful in political studies of governmental responses.