bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fleeing as an Activity of Waiting: Visual Representations of the World’s Refugee Situation on Médecins Sans Frontière Sweden’s Website
Authors: Bellander Theres 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the world’s refugee situation is constructed discursively in photographs on the website of Médecins Sans Frontière (MSF) Sweden in order to discern what discourses humanitarian aid communication draws upon to frame the world’s refugee situation as being worthy of support. The main conclusion is that the refugee situation is portrayed as an activity of waiting, where forcibly displaced people are restrained from continuing on with their lives. By highlighting personal experiences, the phenomenon of flight is humanised: Refugees are constructed in need of support, and MSF is constructed as actionable and trustworthy. The website’s visitors, are invited to become a part of and to engage in the life of the refugees and the work performed by the organisation. Due to a combination of different styles of appealing the overall image of the refugee situation draws on discourses of morality, solidarity, ethnical and gender equality.
Caecal volvulus associated with complex small bowel malrotation and congenital bands: A case report and literature review
Authors: Khougali Hussam S , Hamad Yousif , Abdelhamid Ahmed , DiNicola Valerio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Caecal volvulus is an uncommon condition and represents only 10% of all colonic volvulus. The mechanism is due to hypermobile cecum twisting around it is own mesentery. A 40-year-old female who was previously fit and well-attended hospital with 2 days history of intermittent abdominal pain, mild distention and constipation. X-rays showed twisted and dilated loops of bowel with right hepato-diaphragmatic bowel loops entrapment. A computed tomography scan was the only confirmatory test of caecal volvulus with intermittent bowel symptoms. Emergency laparotomy revealed complex intraoperative bowel loops malrotation with congenital bands and abnormal position of Duodeno-Jejenal flexure. Open right hemicolectomy was the operation of choice for this complex case. Caecal volvulus must be considered as one of the important differential diagnosis of acute abdomen during initial assessment of patients with intermittent bowel symptoms in emergency department in order to avoid any therapeutic delay.
Asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis? Easy to make a mistake
Authors: Scoglio Daniele , Pozzobon Maurizia , Battistioli Mauro , Bonotto Gianni , Caronia Vincenzo , Gualandi Orlando , Callegari Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pneumoperitoneum refers to the presence of intraperitoneal free gas outside the viscera. A perforation of a hollow viscus is the main cause and usually indicates a surgical emergency. However, some case of pneumoperitoneum can be completely asymptomatic and secondary to benign conditions that do not require any surgical intervention. In this situation a misleading diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum may occur. The authors are going to present a case of a 79-year-old man with an asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum incidentally detected by CT-scan and subsequently revealed to be pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) at diagnostic laparoscopy. PCI is a rare condition characterized by the presence of gas-filled cyst in the submucosa/subserosa of the bowel wall that can easily mimic pneumoperitoneum on radiological imaging. A thorough examination of radiological findings is crucial in preventing unnecessary surgical procedures that may expose patients to potential associated morbidities.
Scheduling strategies for the ESPRESSO follow-up of TESS targets
Authors: Cabona L , Viana P T P , Landoni M , Faria J P 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Radial-velocity follow-up of stars harbouring transiting planets detected by TESS is expected to require very large amounts of expensive telescope time in the next few years. Therefore, scheduling strategies should be implemented to maximize the amount of information gathered about the target planetary systems. We consider myopic and non-myopic versions of a novel uniform-in-phase scheduler, as well as a random scheduler, and compare these scheduling strategies with respect to the bias, accuracy and precision achieved in recovering the mass and orbital parameters of transiting and non-transiting planets. This comparison is carried out based on realistic simulations of radial-velocity follow-up with ESPRESSO of a sample of 50 TESS target stars, with simulated planetary systems containing at least one transiting planet with a radius below 4R⊕. Radial-velocity data sets were generated under reasonable assumptions about their noise component, including that resulting from stellar activity, and analysed using a fully Bayesian methodology. We find the random scheduler leads to a more biased, less accurate, and less precise, estimation of the mass of the transiting exoplanets. No significant differences are found between the results of the myopic and non-myopic implementations of the uniform-in-phase scheduler. With only about 22 radial velocity measurements per data set, our novel uniform-in-phase scheduler enables an unbiased (at the level of 1 per cent) measurement of the masses of the transiting planets, while keeping the average relative accuracy and precision around 16 per cent and 23 per cent, respectively. The number of non-transiting planets detected is similar for all the scheduling strategies considered, as well as the bias, accuracy and precision with which their masses and orbital parameters are recovered.
Historical Contingency Causes Divergence in Adaptive Expression of the lac Operon
Authors: Karkare Kedar , Lai Huei-Yi , Azevedo Ricardo B.R. , Cooper Tim F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Populations of Escherichia coli selected in constant and fluctuating environments containing lactose often adapt by substituting mutations in the lacI repressor that cause constitutive expression of the lac operon. These mutations occur at a high rate and provide a significant benefit. Despite this, eight of 24 populations evolved for 8,000 generations in environments containing lactose contained no detectable repressor mutations. We report here on the basis of this observation. We find that, given relevant mutation rates, repressor mutations are expected to have fixed in all evolved populations if they had maintained the same fitness effect they confer when introduced to the ancestor. In fact, reconstruction experiments demonstrate that repressor mutations have become neutral or deleterious in those populations in which they were not detectable. Populations not fixing repressor mutations nevertheless reached the same fitness as those that did fix them, indicating that they followed an alternative evolutionary path that made redundant the potential benefit of the repressor mutation, but involved unique mutations of equivalent benefit. We identify a mutation occurring in the promoter region of the uspB gene as a candidate for influencing the selective choice between these paths. Our results detail an example of historical contingency leading to divergent evolutionary outcomes.
Genetic Barriers to Historical Gene Flow between Cryptic Species of Alpine Bumblebees Revealed by Comparative Population Genomics
Authors: Christmas Matthew J , Jones Julia C , Olsson Anna , Wallerman Ola , Bunikis Ignas , Kierczak Marcin , Peona Valentina , Whitley Kaitlyn M , Larva Tuuli , Suh Alexander , Miller-Struttmann Nicole E , Geib Jennifer C , Webster Matthew T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that gene flow commonly occurs between recently diverged species, despite the existence of barriers to gene flow in their genomes. However, we still know little about what regions of the genome become barriers to gene flow and how such barriers form. Here, we compare genetic differentiation across the genomes of bumblebee species living in sympatry and allopatry to reveal the potential impact of gene flow during species divergence and uncover genetic barrier loci. We first compared the genomes of the alpine bumblebee Bombus sylvicola and a previously unidentified sister species living in sympatry in the Rocky Mountains, revealing prominent islands of elevated genetic divergence in the genome that colocalize with centromeres and regions of low recombination. This same pattern is observed between the genomes of another pair of closely related species living in allopatry (B. bifarius and B. vancouverensis). Strikingly however, the genomic islands exhibit significantly elevated absolute divergence (dXY) in the sympatric, but not the allopatric, comparison indicating that they contain loci that have acted as barriers to historical gene flow in sympatry. Our results suggest that intrinsic barriers to gene flow between species may often accumulate in regions of low recombination and near centromeres through processes such as genetic hitchhiking, and that divergence in these regions is accentuated in the presence of gene flow.
Censorship at Sea
Authors: Casey Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the first months of 1942, the navy exerted tight control over its war correspondents. While allowing them access to ships, it placed so many restrictions on what they could write about that a group of them, led by Robert Casey of the Chicago Daily News, began to complain vociferously. Stanley Johnston of the Chicago Tribune ultimately became the biggest troublemaker. After escaping from the USS Lexington before it sank during the Battle of the Coral Sea, Johnston used the slow journey home not only to write about this experience but also to learn that the navy had received advanced knowledge of the Japanese attack on Midway. His stories on both battles created a major sensation. With the navy convinced that the Tribune had divulged its secret codebreaking operation, the Roosevelt administration even made a failed bid to prosecute it under the Espionage Act.
The Shroud Slips: Guadalcanal
Authors: Casey Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Marines’ approach to publicity differed from that of both Douglas MacArthur and Ernest King. While these two commanders sought to control the news agenda from afar, using their own communiqués to reveal only what they wanted the public to know, the Marines pioneered the concept of combat correspondents. Two of them landed on Guadalcanal in early August, where they worked with two civilian correspondents, Richard Tregaskis and Robert Miller. Initially, a combination of tenuous communications and overzealous censorship meant that these correspondents struggled to tell the story of Guadalcanal. But this began to change once the Marines’ position became more secure and, crucially, Tregaskis left the island to write up his famous diary of the campaign.
Atrocities
Authors: Casey Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the first two years of the war, the government was extremely reluctant to release information about the atrocities being committed by the Japanese. Officials warned returning civilian internees not to speak to the press about the conditions they had faced as Japanese prisoners. The Office of Censorship applauded the media’s restraint in covering the execution of American airmen captured after the Doolittle raid. And even when Ed Dyess escaped from the Philippines with details about the Bataan death march, senior officials prevented his story from being told. The Chicago Tribune, which paid Dyess $21,000, lobbied hard for a policy change, to no avail. Only after Dyess’s tragic death in a plane crash at the end of 1943, followed by a threat to have a friendly legislator read his story into the Congressional Record, did the government finally lift the veil on this dimension of the Pacific War.
Bloody Battles in the Central Pacific
Authors: Casey Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the navy began its first major offensive battles in late 1943, it went to great lengths to ensure a better press. Robert Sherrod of Time magazine was one of the biggest beneficiaries of this new policy, although at Tarawa he was lucky to survive the carnage of invasion day. Sherrod’s reporting on this battle, along with vivid visual images of the fighting, underlined the toughness of the fighting in the central Pacific. His experiences also made him a fierce partisan of the Marines, a fact that subsequently exacerbated the tension between the Marines and the army when Holland Smith relieved Ralph Smith during the Saipan invasion. Sherrod’s reporting on this controversy was extremely controversial, but he became convinced that the main takeaway from Saipan was the media’s continued neglect of the Pacific War.
Conclusion
Authors: Casey Steven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in September 1945 exemplified so much about the Pacific War and how it had been reported, from the large number of reporters who were finally in the theater to MacArthur’s effort to dominate the show. For once, the army and navy stood side by side without too much tension, but during the war competition between them had often shaped how the home front had received news from the battlefield. Tension had emerged between the services and the reporters as well, while veteran reporters had often evinced a deep disdain for those they considered dilettante interlopers. Conflict was therefore a hallmark of media-military relations during the Pacific War, but in the final analysis the media invariably acted as an important unifying voice, creating a shared narrative about the war that was rarely questioned by partisan politicians.
Connection
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter brings to life how successful relationships in and outside the workplace are established and maintained. The chapter recounts the development of attachment theory and how our earliest interactions set the stage for all our future relationships. Individuals who benefited from secure relationships are likely to navigate the tenuous nature of the modern workplace more effectively. The chapter also takes a tour of John Gottman’s Love Lab, which has become famous for its ability to break down the ingredients of long-lasting and happy marriages, a finding that has profound implications for professional relationships. When the Magic Ratio of positive to negative interactions becomes unbalanced or if any of the Four Horsemen of criticism, contempt, defensiveness, or stonewalling rear their ugly heads, those in a relationship are forewarned to act quickly and decisively.
Reward
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the strategies behind reinforcing and motivating behavior. The chapter begins with Petrovich Pavlov’s unwitting discovery of reinforcement triggers that lay at the foundation for how employers reward their workers. A study by B. F. Skinner on superstition demonstrates what happens when the links between behavior and reward are misaligned, while a consideration of the research on learned helplessness demonstrates how employees can become disenfranchised from their work after repeated failure or criticism. The chapter ends with delayed gratification and what preschool children taught us about restraint and future success. Despite an abundance of knowledge about reward, organizations utilize only the tip of the iceberg when motivating employees.
Identity
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the North Pond Hermit who lived without social contact for 30 years and the subsequent effect on his identity. As a result of his severe social isolation, Christopher Thomas Knight lost his bearings on where he fit into society and how he should interact with others. The freedom he gained in not being defined came at the cost of becoming disjointed from the world around him. The way social labels and multiple group memberships define personal identity can be understood by the Twenty Statements Test and is brought to life through the case study of Tim Fischer, the former head of diversity and inclusion at Marathon Oil, a company where the average employee is said to “bleed blue.” Identity is in constant flux and, as such, shared identities should be enjoyed for as long as they last.
Using Law
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter maps women’s engagement with different aspects of law over time in response to intimate partner violence (IPV). It considers the variety of legal systems women interact with at different points on their journeys, including immigration law, the child protection system, criminal law and police, civil protection order processes, and family law. The chapter identifies differences in engagements linked to women’s intersecting identities. In particular, it considers the different legal journeys experienced by migrant women, especially those who have insecure migration status, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. The chapter explores how the law itself is sometimes used by an abusive partner as a form of nonphysical abuse to extend IPV after separation.
Policing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores women’s experiences with police responses to intimate partner violence (IPV), considering three interrelated themes that emerged from the women’s experiences. These themes were police failing to understand the dynamics of IPV, especially failing to recognize nonphysical forms of IPV; women’s sense that the police were aligning with the abuser; and police failing to intervene when there were children in the relationship. The chapter also highlights some of the positive interactions women experienced with police and some of the unexpected safety strategies, involving police, that they developed over time. The chapter concludes with suggestions about how to encourage change in the police response to IPV.
Introduction
Authors: Eden Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Second World War was a period of “religious revolution” in the Soviet Union. The Introduction describes how this book, focusing on Soviet Muslims, approaches pivotal developments related to this revolution: the way religion was mobilized as a new tool of state propaganda; the way religious repression receded, and then changed shape; and the way Soviet Muslim communities responded to the dawn of unprecedented religious freedoms, some of which were shepherded by the state and some of which were achieved thanks to its incompetence or indifference. The Introduction then addresses debates on the biggest questions of all: Why did the revolution in religious life take place? What role did “popular” religiosity and public religious devotion play? Why did the Soviet state, just a few years after slaughtering religious elites by the tens of thousands during the Great Terror of 1937–38, shift dramatically toward religious tolerance?
Red Army Prayers and Homefront Lyrics
Authors: Eden Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers a rare glimpse of Muslim devotional life in the war era and the immediate postwar years, drawing on sources such as Islamic war poetry, veterans’ remembrances, eyewitness reportage, Soviet agents’ dispatches, and letters to and from Muslim Red Army soldiers. It argues that it is possible to reconstruct not only some aspects of religious change that were particular to the war era but also to trace these changes into the postwar years. In other words, this chapter proposes that the war era is a turning point not only in Soviet religious policy—as many have previously argued—but in Soviet Muslim life more generally. These changes include the flourishing of Soviet Muslim poetry (much of it devoted to wartime experiences) and the increasing level of women’s participation and leadership in ritual life.
Opera as Hypermedium
Authors: Havelková Tereza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book deals with contemporary relationships between opera and the media. It is concerned with both the use of media on stage and opera on screen. Drawing on the concept of hypermediacy from media studies, it situates opera within the larger context of contemporary media practices, and particularly those that play up the multiplicity, awareness, and enjoyment of media. The discussion is driven by the underlying question of what politics of representation and perception opera performs within this context. This entails approaching operas as audiovisual events (rather than works or texts) and paying attention to what they do by visual means, along with the operatic music and singing. The book concentrates on events that foreground their use of media and technology, drawing attention to opera’s inherently hypermedial aspects. It works with the recognition that such events nevertheless engender powerful effects of immediacy, which are not contingent on illusionism or the seeming transparency of the medium. It analyzes how effects like presence, liveness, and immersion are produced, contesting some critical claims attached to them. It also sheds light on how these effects, often perceived as visceral or material in nature, are related to the production of meaning in opera. The discussion pertains to contemporary pieces such as Louis Andriessen and Peter Greenaway’s Rosa and Writing to Vermeer, as well as productions of the canonical repertory such as Wagner’s Ring Cycle by Robert Lepage at the Met and La Fura dels Baus in Valencia.
Synaesthesia or Anaesthesia?
Authors: Havelková Tereza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 starts from the observation that hypermediacy elicits an embodied, multisensory mode of perception. At stake here is a mode of experience whereby the perceiver “loses oneself” in the perceived, and the question of how such experience may be critically productive. The chapter is intent on making a distinction between an effect of immediacy based on (over)saturation of the senses, and a physiological, intersubjective relationship with the perceived that harbors a political potential. Drawing on critical readings of Walter Benjamin, the chapter works with the twin concepts of synaesthetics and anaesthetics. The latter allows for developing a connection between the sensory effects of hypermediacy and the Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk, fostering a critique of the notions of immersion and embodiment associated with new media experiences. The former helps understand the political potential of the media of reproduction in terms of the possibility of sensory reconfiguration and a renewed sensibility to the perceived.
The Creation and Recreation of Borderlands Among Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Hernández-Wolfe Pilar , Muchavisoy Santos Jamioy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter the authors discuss processes of survival and resilience for indigenous communities impacted by the enduring effects of colonization and coloniality. They focus on what resilience means for the Kamentza people, thus relocating the concept to a borderlands space where Western notions of resilience can dialogue with and be transformed by the local context of this community. They situate their analysis within an epistemology of the South; discuss resilience as a process occurring in borderland spaces; offer a narrative about the Kamentza people of Colombia highlighting key struggles, historical processes, and ways of coping with adversity; and finally, offer their view on the type of research/practice that is needed in the future from this perspective. Examining resilience processes within historical context, power differentials, and cultural systems helps us identify the complexities of communities still surviving at the margins of capitalism and Western ways of being.