bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, parameters, properties and applications of responsive molecularly imprinted microgels: a review
Authors: Ullah Burhan , Khan Shanza Rauf , Ali Sarmed , Jamil Saba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Responsive molecularly imprinted microgels (MIGs) have gained a lot of interest due to their responsive specificity and selectivity for target compounds. Study on MIGs is rapidly increasing due to their quick responsive behavior in various stimuli like pH and temperature. MIGs show unique property of morphology control on in-situ synthesis of nanoparticles in response of variation in reactant concentration. Literature related to synthesis, parameters, characterization, applications and prospects of MIGs are critically reviewed here. Range of templates, monomers, initiators and crosslinkers are summarized for designing of desired MIGs. This review article describes effect of variation in reactants combination and composition on morphology, imprinting factor and percentage yield of MIGs. Hydrolysis of similar templates using MIGs is also described. Relation between percentage hydrolysis and hydrolysis time of targets at different temperatures and template:monomer ratio is also analyzed. Possible imprinting modes of ionic/non-ionic templates and its series are also generalized on the basis of previous literature. MIGs are investigated as efficient anchoring vehicles for adsorption, catalysis, bio-sensing, drug delivery, inhibition and detection.
Investigations into the Indoor Environment and Respiratory Health in Boston Public Housing
Authors: Hynes H. Patricia , Brugge Doug , Osgood Neal-Dra , Snell John , Vallarino Jose , Spengler John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The self-reported prevalence of asthma in the United States increased by 75% from 1980 to 1994, a trend found to be significant and evident in every region of the country. The increase was most marked in children from birth to 14 years of age; and growing evidence indicates that, as with lead poisoning, inner-city and urban populations are most at risk. Attention has turned to the role of indoor environmental risk factors, especially in homes and schools. Such factors include moisture and mold growth, pest infestation, dust mites, the building envelope, heating systems, inadequate Ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, and environmental tobacco smoke. The Healthy Public Housing Initiative (HPHI) is a Boston-based communitycentered research and intervention project designed to engage Boston Housing Authority residents in a collaborative process to improve respiratory health, quality of life, building conditions, and building maintenance in public housing. This article summarizes the significant research findings from four pilot studies in housing developments that laid the foundation for the larger HPHI asthma-related environmental intervention study. The research design for the pilot projects is informed by principles of community-collaborative research. The strengths of this model of research for our work are also discussed.
Ephrem the Syrian’s Use of Beatitudes
Authors: Hayes Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The poetry of Ephrem the Syrian (ca. 306–373 C. E.) shows a marked predilection for composing beatitudes, usually in the form, “Blessed is the one who . . .” Careful study of these formulas, particularly when they predominate in certain madrāšē, shows that Ephrem uses the device deliberately and creatively to signal the creator-creature polarity, and in that context, the balancing of its tension via the transference of the creature to a medial or liminal state between God and humanity. They also signal creatures’ consequent ability to mediate between God and other creatures. Ephrem carefully limits the formula to created entities and distinguishes between the epithets and concepts brīḵā and ṭūḇānā, a subtlety that has not typically, but should be, respected in English translation, because it is integral to the dynamic they express. Ephrem’s beatitudes are often associated with personification and balance. Thus, when applied to biblical entities, they form a way in which he rhetorically brings the polarity between God and man to life in his own teaching, and seeks to dramatize the experience of closeness to God in his community’s present time. A complete reference list of Ephrem’s beatitudes in his extant madrāšē is included.
H4K20me1 and H3K27me3 are concurrently loaded onto the inactive X chromosome but dispensable for inducing gene silencing
Authors: Tjalsma Sjoerd J D , Hori Mayako , Sato Yuko , Bousard Aurelie , Ohi Akito , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Roensch Julia , Le Saux Agnes , Nogami Jumpei , Maehara Kazumitsu , Kujirai Tomoya , Handa Tetsuya , Bagés‐Arnal Sandra , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , da Rocha Simão Teixeira , Żylicz Jan J , Kimura Hiroshi , Heard Edith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring X chromosome inactivation (XCI), in female placental mammals, gene silencing is initiated by the Xist long non‐coding RNA. Xist accumulation at the X leads to enrichment of specific chromatin marks, including PRC2‐dependent H3K27me3 and SETD8‐dependent H4K20me1. However, the dynamics of this process in relation to Xist RNA accumulation remains unknown as is the involvement of H4K20me1 in initiating gene silencing. To follow XCI dynamics in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded, H3K27me3‐specific intracellular antibody or H3K27me3‐mintbody. By combining live‐cell imaging of H3K27me3, H4K20me1, the X chromosome and Xist RNA, with ChIP‐seq analysis we uncover concurrent accumulation of both marks during XCI, albeit with distinct genomic distributions. Furthermore, using a Xist B and C repeat mutant, which still shows gene silencing on the X but not H3K27me3 deposition, we also find a complete lack of H4K20me1 enrichment. This demonstrates that H4K20me1 is dispensable for the initiation of gene silencing, although it may have a role in the chromatin compaction that characterises facultative heterochromatin.
The Nexus Between Financial Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation: PMG-ARDL Estimation
Authors: Korankye Benjamin , Wen Zuezhou , Appiah Michael , Antwi Louisa 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out the connections between financial development, economic growth, and poverty using panel data from 1985 to 2017 in fourteen African countries that many previous researchers ignore. The study deploys a dynamic Granger causality test to trace the nexus between financial development, economic growth, and poverty reduction in Africa in the long run. First, the upshots suggest a gross domestic product, gross capital formation, price of household consumption, and government expenditure substantially impacting poverty. Besides that, the result also shows a bi-directional in the long run using a PMG estimator. The findings broadly support the view that there is a stable, short-run relationship between financial development, economic growth, and poverty in the error correction terms. However, other variables show no causal relationship in the short run. In practicality, this study suggested some policy implications and supported governmental policies to reduce economic hardship on financial institutions.JEL Classification: G10, O47, I39, C33How to Cite:Korankye, B., Wen, X., Appiah, M., & Antwi, L. (2021). The Nexus Between Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Alleviation: PMG-ARDL Estimation. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 1 – 12. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15908.
The effectiveness of the prevention of the bone cement implantation syndrome during hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sokolov Sergey V. , Zabolotsky D. V. , Koriachkin V. A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of drug prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in hip joint arthroplasty.
Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 400 medical records of patients who underwent hip arthroplasty was performed. In the main group (n = 200), the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome was carried out using popular drugs (mafusol, reamberin, antihistamines, glucocorticoids). In the control group (n = 200), these drugs were not used. Blood pressure, heart rate, blood saturation were evaluated intraoperatively. In the postoperative period, fixed complications associated with anesthesia and surgery.
Results. The volume of intraoperative blood loss, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and blood saturation in the main and control groups did not have significant differences. At the stage of cementing the bone canal, hypotension developed in 95% and 95.5% of cases, respectively. 2 patients (1.0%) of the first group developed a stress-related ulcer bleeding on the 3rd day of the postoperative period, one patient (0.5%) had an Ischemic stroke on the 5th day after the operation, in three patients (1.5%) atrial fibrillation paroxysm during the week after surgery. Three (1.5%) patients developed a skin allergic reaction to reamberin. In the second group, there were two cases (1.0%) of Ischemic stroke within a week after surgery and one cases (0.5%) of acute myocardial infarction on the 5th day after surgical treatment.
Conclusion. There is no need for intraoperative drug prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome. Additional pharmacological load increases the risk of side effects and complications.
The use of epidural morphine in patients with severe traumatic injury
Authors: Sholin Ivan Y. , Ezugbaia B. S. , Avetisyan V. A. , Koriachkin V. A. , Zhikharev V. A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of epidural morphine in patients with severe concomitant injury.
Material and methods. 70 patients with severe combined injury (1745 points for ISS) were divided into two groups: in group 1 (n = 37), 2 mg of morphine was administered epidurally followed by morphine infusion 0.4 mg / h, in the 2nd group (n = 33), intravenous administration of fentanyl was used at a rate of 50100 g / h. The level of pain syndrome was assessed by a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at rest and with activation were recorded, the gas composition of the blood (pH, SaO2, PaCO2) was measured, and the vital capacity (VC) was measured. The evaluation of delirium was carried out according to the RASS and CAM-ICU scales. In addition, they recorded the frequency of itching.
Results. The intensity of a pain syndrome at rest was more expressed at patients of the 2nd group (p 0.05). Against the background of activation of 10,8% of patients of the 1st group and 36,4% of patients of the 2nd group experienced a pain syndrome intensity of 47 points on VAS. In patients of the 2nd group, with activation, there was an increase (p 0.05) in the indices of MAP and HR. VC in patients of the 1st group was 45.4 5.8%, in the 2nd 41.3 4.7% (p 0.005). Patients of the 1st group had a lower level of PaCO2 (p 0.05) compared with the 2nd group. Postoperative delirium developed in the 1st group in 16.2%, in the 2nd in 30.3% of patients (p 0.05). Pruritus occurred in the 1st group at 21.6% and was absent in the group with systemic administration of opioids. Opioid-induced ileus, nausea and vomiting in the 1st group were not recorded, in the 2nd group were noted in 18.2% and in 9.1% of cases (p 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion. The use of epidural morphine in patients with severe traumatic injury effective pain relief was observed, not accompanied by of the respiratory depression and changes in blood gas composition. Epidural administration of morphine in patients undergoing massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock was not accompanied by arterial hypotension. Effective anesthesia contributed to reducing the incidence of postoperative complications.
Is an Earthquake Felt Inside a Car?
Authors: Sbarra Paola , Tosi Patrizia , De Rubeis Valerio , Sorrentino Diego 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe analysis of how an earthquake is felt was addressed with the data provided by citizens through a website dedicated to the perception of earthquakes in Italy (Data and Resources). The analysis focused on the perception of earthquakes by observers inside both parked and moving cars. These situations were compared with outdoor ones. The felt percentage of each situation was quantified for epicentral distance ranges and European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) degree. One of the main findings was the greatest sensitivity to shaking for people inside parked cars due to resonance phenomena of the automobile–observer system. The distribution of the intensity of perception in the car was analyzed as a function of the hypocentral distance and the magnitude of the earthquake. It was possible to define the attenuation trends of these intensities. The comparison of these trends with those of the equations for estimation of response spectral ordinates allowed us to have an evaluation of the frequency values of the seismic waves that caused the vibrations felt, which were found to agree with the typical frequencies of the car–observer system, as highlighted by independent studies. The results of this analysis show the possibility to include the perception of the earthquake inside a parked and moving car among the diagnostics used in the definition of macroseismic intensity degree of the EMS.
BRCA1 and Ki-67 in breast cancer: A review
Authors: Krishnamurthy Bhavani , Sibby Minnu , Banu Nafeesa , Srinivasan Sowmya 
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer has become one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among female population both in developing and developed countries. Research also suggests the rising rate of breast cancer every year. Various advancements and research in this field has led to the discovery of both sporadic and genetic susceptibility prevailing in persons who develop this cancer. Even though various immunohistochemical(IHC) markers are being used in the workup of breast cancer, none of them is found to be totally effective in predicting the prognosis of the patient. It is known that BRCA mutations are associated with breast cancers and the protein expression of BRCA1 in breast cancer can be identified by IHC. Hence, the purpose of this review is to highlight the role of BRCA1 and KI-67 as diagnostic and prognostic IHC markers in breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of death in female population. BRCA1 and Ki-67 protein expression can be used to assess the grade of tumour and thereby predict the prognosis of the patient. Incorporating these markers along with existing hormone receptor workup can help in better approach in dealing with breast cancer.
Pattern of granulomatous skin lesions in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Agrawal Ranjan , Joshi Neharica , Arya Anjana , Mohan Nitesh , Choudhary Bharat Chandra 
Published: February 2021

Granulomatous skin lesions frequently present as a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist because of various modes of presentation. Both infectious and non infectious causes lead to cutaneous granulomas. Histopathological diagnosis is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to classify the cutaneous granulomatous lesions. To study the spectrum, prevlance and frequency of various types of granulomatous skin diseases according to the age and sex of the patient. A cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out in the department of pathology, Rohilkhand medical college and hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh for the duration of 12 months (November 2018-October 2019). Punch biopsies received were fixed, grossed and processed, with the standard methods and were stained with hematoxylin and Eosin stain. All these biopsies were examined under the microscope and the slides in which granulomatous skin lesions were seen were selected for the study. Special stains were used wherever required. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Out of total 138 cases maximum number of patients belong to the age group of 21-40 years, with male preponderance. Infectious causes were the most common pathology leading to granulomatous skin lesions, with leprosy as the most common etiology.Leprosy is the leading cause of granulomatous skin lesions in this study. Skin biopsies are an integral part of evaluating cutaneous granulomas. Histopathology along with special stains are the gold standard in reaching exact etiology for a final diagnosis.
To evaluate the sensitivity of cytological examination of endobronchial biopsy, BAL, bronchial brushing and sputum in diagnosing lung carcinoma
Authors: Singh Jai , Sharma Surekha 
Published: February 2021

All the cases of suspected bronchial malignancy were included in present study in which broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy samples were received in pathology department for evaluation. Respective bronchial brushings & sputum samples were also studied where ever available. Cross sectional study.In our study, correctly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of lung on BAL were 27.7%, sqaumous cell carcinoma were 26.6%, small cell carcinoma were 40% and BAL cytodiagnosis from miscellaneous tumor could only be made in 14.2% cases. Endobronchial biopsy and BAL, both were studied, sensitivity of cases increases and number of false negative cases decreases for diagnosis. Bronchial brushing has better sensitivity than BAL for diagnosis of lung carcinoma. Sputum is less sensitive than bronchial brushing for diagnosis of lung carcinoma.
Practical insight into the current management of chemotherapy induce nausea and vomiting: An indian survey
Authors: Bhagat Sagar , Patil Saiprasad , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: February 2021

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most severe and distressing consequences of cytotoxic chemotherapies. The present survey was conducted to highlight current practice pattern, factors that contribute to failure and to determine current challenges and unmet need in the management of chemotherapy Induce Nausea and vomiting (CINV). The present study was a questionnaire based survey conducted among oncologist/ hematologist and consisted of sample of 16 questions. 328 oncologist were included in the analysismajority (57%) being medical oncologist. CINV leading to dose reduction, delay or discontinuation was seen in 28% of the practioners with more than 10% in their usual practice. Breakthrough nausea and vomiting was the most common type of CINV experienced by patient on chemotherapy. Controlling CINV in delayed phase was the greatest perceived challenge by 62% respondents. In both Highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) setting, serotonin receptor antagonists (5HT3 RA) was the most preferred drug in both acute and delayed phase. NCCN was the most preferred guideline in 69% respondents. Ninty for percent of the respondent believed that there is a need for better drug in the management of CINV and the new drug should have superior efficacy, better control of delayed phase and single dose administration before chemotherapy. Survey highlights the need for better contorl of delayed phase of CINV and the need for drug with better efficacy in delayed phase with single dose administration.: The survey highlights unmet need and poor control in the management of delayed phase of nausea and vomiting. Also, majority of the oncologist felt the need for a new drug in the management of CINV.
Role of MUM-1 immunohistochemistry in prognosis of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large cell lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Nikhra Pawan , Gupta Prachi , Agrawal Preeti 
Published: February 2021

: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas. It is a clinically heterogenous disease as most patients respond well to therapy, however a significant proportion of these patients become refractory or eventually relapse. Different prognostic factors for response and survival have been described for DLBCL. Immunophenotypic algorithms with small panels of biomarkers have been developed to translate the robust information from molecular studies into a routine clinical.platform. One of these biomarkers is MUM-1 which is used as a marker for classification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma into ABC type and its expression is associated with poorer overall survival as stated by various studies. We aim to study the expression pattern of MUM-1 IHC in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B cell lymphomas and its role in prognosis and survival outcome. It was a five-year retrospective study where 40 cases of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL were identified, and MUM-1 IHC was done in 29 cases. Follow up and subsequent survival analysis was done.MUM-1 was positive in 7 (24%) and negative in 22 (76%) cases of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL. The overall survival of patients with DLBCL with MUM-1 expression (42.9%) was shorter than those without MUM-1 expression (72.7%). This suggested that MUM-1 expression in cases with DLBCL is associated with poorer prognosis.Multicentre large studies are warranted to study the role of MUM-1 IHC in prognosis of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL.
Pitfalls in cytological diagnosis of mucinous carcinomas of breast
Authors: Shivamurthy Archana , Jaiprakash Padmapriya , Vasudevan Geetha , Kudva Ranjini , Valiathan Manna 
Published: February 2021

Mucinous (colloid) carcinoma (MC) of the breast is relatively rare and accounts for 1-6% of all breast cancers. Traditionally, pure mucinous tumors and mixed infiltrating ductal carcinomas with a mucinous component have been described. Pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast has a favorable prognosis than the mixed variety noted in several studies. The common age of presentation is the postmenopausal group. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors is challenging. A retrospective study was conducted at our institute. 22 cases consisting of both mixed and pure mucinous carcinomas diagnosed by cytology and verified on histopathology between January 2007 and November 2015 were included in the study. All cytology and histopathology slides were reviewed. A total of 22 cases were evaluated. The age ranged from 34-78years. The left breast was involved in 12 cases and the right breast in 10cases. 19 cases were diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma on cytology. However 12 of these cases were reported as pure mucinous carcinoma on biopsy. All these cases displayed abundant mucin, small nuclei and/or regular nuclear outlines on cytology. 7 cases turned out to be mixed tumors on histopathology. Sparse mucin, large nuclei, irregular nuclear outlines or the presence of nucleoli were found in mixed mucinous carcinomas but not in pure tumors. Three cases were diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) on cytology. One of these patients had 2 nodules, diagnosed on histopathological examination as IDC and mucinous carcinoma. Out of the other two cases, 1 case was diagnosed as cellular variant of mucinous carcinoma and another case as mixed carcinoma on biopsy. Cellular variant of mucinous carcinoma can mimic low grade ductal carcinoma on cytology. A thorough examination of the slides for mucinous material and few thin capillary fragments provide a valuable diagnostic clue. The distinction between pure and mixed mucinous carcinoma is important, because patients with the former type have a much favorable prognosis, with a low propensity for lymph node and distant metastasis. Cytopathological identification of patients with pure mucinous carcinomas may be performed only in a limited number of cases. The various differential diagnosis should always be kept in mind while dealing with lesions associated with mucin. However the age of presentation, clinical features and radiological findings can help to further categorize the various mucinous lesions.