bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energieeffizienz weitergedacht: die thermisch aktivierte Gebäudehülle als Teil einer Prozesskette
Authors: Maier Andreas , Hochrein Martin , Schneider Jens , Joppien Anett‐Maud , Beck Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie öffentliche Diskussion zur Energiewende findet oftmals ausschließlich im Kontext elektrischer Energie statt. Gerade im Industriesektor spielt jedoch auch die thermische Energie eine wesentliche Rolle. Entgegen einem rein dogmatischen Ansatz Energie zu „sparen”, geht es darum, das Energiesystem als Ganzes zu verstehen und energetische Abhängigkeiten zu erkennen. Leitidee des Forschungsprojekts ETA‐Fabrik ist es, die richtige Energieform (Primärenergiebedarf) in der notwendigen Menge (Endenergiebedarf) zur richtigen Zeit (energieflexibel) am richtigen Ort (effiziente Infrastruktur) einzusetzen. Dabei wurde über die bisher stets isoliert betrachtete Optimierung von Einzelkomponenten (z. B. Maschine, Kühlsystem, Gebäudedämmung) hinaus das gesamte System einer Produktionsfabrik betrachtet und auf dem Campus der TU Darmstadt eine Modellfabrik errichtet, in der Gebäude, Haustechnik und Maschinen durch die drei Ebenen der Gebäudeautomation synergetisch miteinander verknüpft wurden. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Energieeffizienzsteigerung liefert hierfür die durch oberflächennahe, wasserführende, kapillarähnliche Rohrleitungsnetze thermisch aktivierte Gebäudehülle aus Beton. Diese multifunktionalen Wand‐ und Dachelemente vereinen die Funktionen des Tragens, des Dämmens, des Begrenzens und der thermischen Interaktion und fungieren somit als riesige Heiz‐ und Kühlflächen. Der Aufsatz ist eine inhaltliche Fortsetzung des Beitrags aus der Bautechnik 03/2014 und stellt die erzielten Projektergebnisse mit Fokus auf der baulichen Umsetzung vor. Hintergründe und Zielstellungen des Projekts werden aufgegriffen, Forschungsrandbedingungen dargelegt und die Energieeinsparpotenziale vorgestellt. Neben der kurzen Beschreibung der umgesetzten thermischen Vernetzung und der dafür gebauten Gebäudehüllelemente als Fortschreibung der bereits vorgestellten Konzepte werden die thermische Leistungsfähigkeit der Gebäudehülle sowie deren Beitrag zur Behaglichkeit in der Produktionshalle erläutert. Das architektonische Konzept sowie eine kritische Würdigung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit im Planungsprozess einer vernetzten Fabrik schließen diese Reihe ab.
Evidence for selection and spatially distinct patterns found in a putative zona pellucida gene in Pacific cod, and implications for management
Authors: Spies Ingrid , Drinan Daniel P. , Petrou Eleni L. , Spurr Rory , Tarpey Carolyn , Hartinger Theodore , Larson Wes , Hauser Lorenz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic differentiation has been observed in marine species even when no obvious barriers to gene flow exist, and understanding such differentiation is essential for effective fisheries management. Highly differentiated outlier loci can provide information on how genetic variation might not only contribute to local adaptation but may also be affected by historical demographic events. A locus which aligned to a predicted zona pellucida sperm‐binding protein 3 gene (ZP3) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was previously identified as the highest outlier based on FST in a RADseq study of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) across the West Coast of North America. However, because of the limited length of the RAD sequence and restricted geographic area of sampling, no conclusion on the functional significance of the observed variation was possible. In other marine species, ZP3 is involved in reproductive isolation, local adaptation, and has neofunctionalized as an antifreeze gene, and so it may provide important insights in functional population structure of Pacific cod. Here, we sequenced a 544‐bp region of ZP3 in 230 Pacific cod collected from throughout their geographic range. We observed striking patterns of spatial structuring of ZP3 haplotypes, with a sharp break near Kodiak, Alaska, USA where populations within ~200 km of each other are nearly fixed for different haplotypes, contrasting a pattern of isolation by distance at other genetic markers in this region (FST = 0.003). Phylogenetic analysis of ZP3 haplotypes revealed that the more southern haplotypes appear to be ancestral, with the northern haplotype evolving more recently, potentially in response to a novel selective pressure as Pacific cod recolonized northern latitudes after glaciation. The sharp break in haplotype frequencies suggests strong selective pressures are operating on small spatial scales and illustrates that selection can create high divergence even in marine species with ample opportunities for gene flow.
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adultDrosophila virilis
Authors: Walsh Benjamin S. , Parratt Steven R. , Mannion Natasha L. M. , Snook Rhonda R. , Bretman Amanda , Price Tom A. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, especially limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit flyDrosophila virilis. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat‐hardening to mitigate heat‐induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but become sterile within seven days. We also found evidence that while heat‐hardening inD.viriliscan improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat‐hardening, which limits a species’ ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short‐term high temperature events.
Effects of roots systems on hydrological connectivity below the soil surface in the Yellow River Delta wetland
Authors: Zhang Yinghu , Jiang Jiang , Zhang Jinchi , Zhang Zhenming , Zhang Mingxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new method based on field dye‐tracing experiments was used to assess hydrological connectivity below the soil surface. In this method, Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta wetland was considered to characterize the interaction between roots systems and hydrological connectivity. The results showed that index of hydrological connectivity (IHC) declined non‐linearly with depth below the soil surface. Roots systems of P. australis were mostly distributed in soils of 0–30 cm. Roots systems parameters (root length, root width, root surface area, root projected area, root volume and root biomass) were positively correlated with IHC. Coarse roots systems (3 < D < 5 mm) made the highest contribution to the changes of IHC. This study provided suggestions for wetland management in the study area: (1) Reeds should not be reaped every year to promote the litters decomposition for roots nutrition availability; and (2) freshwater inputs should be strengthened in the initial/middle growth stage of reeds to improve roots architecture. Knowledge about the interaction between roots systems and hydrological connectivity below the soil surface is crucial for large‐scale wetland protection as wetland managers regulate the control and distribution of vegetation.
Risk factors for asymptomatic echocardiographic abnormalities that predict symptomatic heart failure
Authors: Coller Jennifer M. , Gong Fei Fei , McGrady Michele , Shiel Louise , Liew Danny , Stewart Simon , Owen Alice J. , Krum Henry , Reid Christopher M. , Prior David L. , Campbell Duncan J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsRisk factors for asymptomatic echocardiographic abnormalities that predict symptomatic heart failure (HF) may provide insight into early mechanisms of HF pathogenesis. We examined risk factors associated with asymptomatic echocardiographic structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities, separately and in combination, and interactions between risk factors, in the prospective community‐based SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New HF (SCREEN‐HF) Study cohort of 3190 participants at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsInclusion criteria were age ≥ 60 years with one or more of hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, abnormal heart rhythm, cerebrovascular disease, or renal impairment. Exclusion criteria were known HF, ejection fraction < 50%, or >mild valve abnormality. Structural, systolic, and diastolic echocardiographic abnormalities were defined according to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study criteria, and risk factors for asymptomatic structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities were identified using logistic regression analysis. In multivariable analysis, increased body mass index (BMI), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy, and alcohol intake were risk factors for isolated structural abnormality, whereas male gender, increased heart rate, atrial fibrillation (AF), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, and obstructive sleep apnoea were associated with a lower risk. Moreover, male gender, smoking, increased systolic blood pressure, and physical inactivity were risk factors for isolated systolic abnormality, whereas increased pulse pressure and antihypertensive therapy were associated with a lower risk. Furthermore, increased age, blood pressure, amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and warfarin therapy (associated with AF) were risk factors for isolated diastolic abnormality, whereas increased heart rate and triglyceride level (associated with BMI) were associated with a lower risk. The association of increased heart rate with lower risk of structural and diastolic abnormalities was independent of β‐blocker therapy. Interactions between risk factors differed for structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities.ConclusionsThe different risk factors for asymptomatic structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities that predict symptomatic HF, and the interactions between risk factors, illustrate how these structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities represent unique trajectories that lead to symptomatic HF. Improved understanding of these trajectories may assist in the design of HF prevention strategies.
Template Synthesis of Novel Norcorrole Complexes with a Phenyl‐substituted Phosphorus Center
Authors: Jun‐i Yuta , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel norcorroles complexes with a phenyl‐substituted phosphorus center were synthesized by a template method and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. It was proved that these new norcorrole phosphorus complexes have aromaticity similar to the very recently reported norcorrole complex with a methoxy‐substituted phosphorus center. This aromaticity results from the peripheral 18π‐system consisting of two methine carbons and four amine‐type pyrrole units with formally pentavalent phosphorus center. On the other hand, these phenyl‐substituted phosphorus complexes showed quite characteristic and strong Q‐band derived from less symmetricity of the molecules than other porphyrinoids.
Efficacy of nanomicelle curcumin, Nigella sativa oil, and their combination on bone turnover markers and their safety in postmenopausal women with primary osteoporosis and osteopenia: A triple‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kheiridoost Hanie , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Shojaei‐Zarghani Sara , Dolatkhah Neda , Farshbaf‐Khalili Azizeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiterature supports the potential effects of nanomicelle curcumin and Nigella sativa on the amelioration of osteoporosis, a health concern of postmenopausal women. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of nanomicelle curcumin (CUR), Nigella sativa oil (NS), and their combination on bone turnover biomarkers and assess their safety. This triple‐blind randomized controlled trial was performed on 120 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 with primary osteoporosis or osteopenia. The subjects were randomly allocated to receive microcrystalline cellulose (placebo), 80 mg of CUR, 1000 mg of NS, or their combination (CUR‐NS) for 6 months. All patients were also treated with alendronate (70 mg) and calcium (500 mg), vitamin D (400 IU) supplements. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and osteopontin (OP) were measured at the baseline and after the intervention. For safety assessment, the hepatic enzyme levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase as well as serum urea and creatinine were evaluated. ALP levels were significantly reduced in the NS (p = .029) and CUR‐NS (p = .015) groups compared with those in the placebo. After adjustment for the covariates, this effect was still significant in the CUR‐NS group (p = .004). The OC levels were decreased in the placebo, CUR, and NS groups, and the OP concentration also was attenuated in all groups through the trial. However, the intergroup differences were not significant for both biomarkers. Evaluating the key renal metabolites and hepatic enzyme levels indicated no toxicity of the administered doses. This study reveals the beneficial effects of CUR‐NS on the improvement of some bone turnover biomarkers. These compounds seem to be safe at the current dosage for supplementation in postmenopausal women.
The omission of intentional primary site radiation following transoral robotic surgery in 59 patients: No local‐regional failures
Authors: Dhere Vishal R. , Escott Chase E. , Tian Sibo , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Bell James P. , Stokes William A. , McDonald Mark W. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Boyce Brian J. , Kaka Azeem S. , Steuer Conor E. , Saba Nabil F. , Shin Dong M. , Xiao Canhua , Patel Mihir R. , Beitler Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed locoregional control with omission of intentional primary site radiation after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and quantified nontargeted primary site dose.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, patients treated with primary TORS resection for squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx were reviewed. Patients with cT1‐2 tumors, >2 mm margins, in whom the surgeon resected the primary without revising specimen‐driven margins, qualified for omission of primary site radiation.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2019, 112 patients met criteria. Fifty‐nine (52%) patients did not receive radiation targeting the primary site; of whom, 22 received no radiation. In this group, there were no local failures; mean age was 58 years and median follow‐up was 25 months. Thirty‐seven patients received adjuvant radiation targeting the neck, mean bystander dose to the primary site was 28.8 Gy (range, 13.3–50.6 Gy).ConclusionIn a 59 patient population, omission of radiation to the primary site after TORS resulted in no locoregional failures.
Chitosan utilized for bacterial preparation for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Su Bo , Zhang Li , Li Yang , Zhou Li , Yang Zhen , Wang Zhenling , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacterial sample preparation is crucial for its observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the current polylysine (PLL) method leads to bacterial morphological changes. To overcome this problem, we employed chitosan (CS) to coat coverslips to prepare bacteria for SEM and compared it with the PLL method. Coverslips coated with 0.025% (w/v) CS showed satisfactory bacterial binding ability. Within 30 min of binding time, the number of bacteria on CS‐coated and PLL‐coated coverslips exhibited no differences. Four bacteria strains were employed to compare the differences in SEM images between the two methods. Most of the bacteria showed irregular surface or sticky substances after settling on PLL‐coated coverslips, while bacteria with clear surface texture were observed on CS‐coated coverslips. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed deformed bacterial envelope on PLL‐coated coverslips; meanwhile, similar intact envelope was observed from the bacteria on CS‐coated coverslips and the bacteria without any treatment. The TEM results verified the morphological differences of SEM between the two methods. Except for morphology, the length of the rod‐shaped bacteria was longer on CS‐coated coverslips than that on PLL‐coated coverslips, less shrinkage of the sample was observed, and CS could preserve the length of the rod‐shaped bacteria better than PLL in its preparation for SEM. It is demonstrated that the low‐cost CS could be utilized in bacterial preparation for SEM to acquire preferable images. Bacterial suspension with optical density at 600 nm of about 0.5, deposited on 0.025% CS‐coated coverslips for 30 min, and followed by routine fixation, dehydration, and drying are optimal parameters.
Pollen morphology and its taxonomic potential in some selected taxa of Caesalpiniaceae observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ullah Farhat , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Parveen Bushra , Ashfaq Shomaila , Bahadur Saraj , Safdar Qura‐tul‐ain , Safdar Luqman Bin , Alam Fakhre , Luqman Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPollen micromorphology is not only used to check the functional and structural evolution in plants but also to solve the taxonomic problem related to the classification of plants. Therefore, keeping in view the significance of pollen traits, selected taxa of the subfamily Caesalpiniaceae was collected from different geographical regions of Pakistan. The species were then analyzed under both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques to investigate the importance of micromorphological characters of pollen in the identification and classification of species. Great variation was recorded in equatorial shape, surface ornamentation, tectum, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, and exine thickness. However, little variation was observed in pollen type, polar shape, and fertility of pollen. The equatorial shape of five types was observed: prolate, prolate‐spheroidal, spheroidal‐subprolate, subspheroidal‐prolate, and subspheroidal. Four types of surface ornamentation, psilate, granulate, clavate, and perforate, were recorded. Tectum of five types, intactate, reticulate regulate, medium reticulate, tactate, and striate, was observed. Sexine was thicker than nexine in all studied species. The largest polar diameter was observed in Caesalpinia pulcherrima 64.1 μm while the smallest in Parkinsonia aculeata 26.1 μm. The largest equatorial diameter was found in C. pulcherrima of 70.25 μm whereas the smallest in P. aculeata 27.57 μm. All the pollens analyzed were tricolporate. All studied species have a fertility ratio of more than 90%. A taxonomic key was developed to show the variation in pollen features and delimit species for the correct identification. In conclusion, the pollen traits were found useful to define species boundaries at various taxonomic ranks and will strengthen the taxonomy of this subfamily. Besides, this study also explored the palynological traits and their implication in the taxonomy of the subfamily Caesalpiniaceae.
An easy brain thick‐section‐clearing protocol to observe antigens in the brains of neurological disease mouse models by conventional epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Kim A‐Young , Koh Young Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe developed a brain thick‐section‐clearing (BTS‐C) procedure to observe coronal sections of the entire mouse brain with conventional epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). After clearing with the BTS procedure, the white light transmittance of the 1‐mm‐thick mouse brain sections was more than 96%. The distribution patterns of amyloid plaques or α‐synuclein in 1‐mm‐thick brain sections of five different mouse strains cleared with this procedure were easily observed by EFM. In addition, the detailed distribution of antigens at higher magnifications was revealed by observing the same slides with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In conclusion, we have shown that the BTS protocol can replace laborious and time‐consuming semi‐thin‐sectioning procedures, and the cleared 1‐mm‐thick sections can be examined by EFM and CLSM to elucidate the distribution patterns of antigens.
Bioaccumulation of arsenic(V) from wastewater by live and dead Spirogyra sp.
Authors: Shah Neha , Dubey Vimal K. , Thakkar Sampark , Doshi Hiren , Mahawar Preeti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContaminated water with arsenic causes a negative impact on socioeconomic status in the concerned area. Existing methods are not much adequate, efficient, and appropriate. Bioremediation of heavy metals with microalgae seems to be a promising and holistic approach to counter the pre‐existing associated with heavy metal toxicity. A pure culture of live and dead Spirogyra sp. was tested for its ability to adsorb arsenic(V) and modeling of experimental data was used to interpret the mechanism of bioaccumulation. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain the sorption of arsenic. The maximum sorption capacity of live Spirogyra sp. was 315 mg/g and dead Spirogyra sp. was 207 mg/g. Mechanism of bioaccumulation for As(V) ions by live and dead Spirogyra sp. were studied using several advanced techniques including Fourier‐transform infrared, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The study summarizes, bioaccumulation of AsO4−3 by live and dead cells of Spirogyra sp. seems to be promising. The pseudo‐second‐order rate equation described better the kinetics of As(V) adsorption with good correlation coefficients. The results suggested that live Spirogyra sp. was more suitable to remove As(V) as compared to dead Spirogyra sp.
Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness
Authors: Gamberi Tania , Chiappetta Giovanni , Fiaschi Tania , Modesti Alessandra , Sorbi Flavia , Magherini Francesca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAuranofin is an oral gold(I) compound, initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, Auranofin is under investigation for oncological application within a drug repurposing plan due to the relevant antineoplastic activity observed both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In this review, we analysed studies in which Auranofin was used as a single drug or in combination with other molecules to enhance their anticancer activity or to overcome chemoresistance. The analysis of different targets/pathways affected by this drug in different cancer types has allowed us to highlight several interesting targets and effects of Auranofin besides the already well‐known inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Among these targets, inhibitory‐κB kinase, deubiquitinates, protein kinase C iota have been frequently suggested. To rationalize the effects of Auranofin by a system biology‐like approach, we exploited transcriptomic data obtained from a wide range of cell models, extrapolating the data deposited in the Connectivity Maps website and we attempted to provide a general conclusion and discussed the major points that need further investigation.