bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of The Biological Response of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Spraying With Proline, and Addition of Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Al Shaheen M. A. , Al-Shaheen M. R. , Mahmood S. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted using plastic pots of 15 kg pot capacity for the 2019 agricultural season in a private nursery in Ramadi city / Al-Anbar governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of nano-organic fertilizer and proline acid on some vegetative growth characteristics of Neem trees (Azadirachta indica). Field experiment included three proline concentrations were (0, 50 and 100) mg.L−1 and three concentrations levels of Mycorrhizae were 0, 2 and 4 g per pot contains 15 kg of soil. Data averages were compared by using the Lowest Significant Difference (L.S.D) at a probability level of 0.05. The overlap between the study factors led to a clear increase in all the studied traits and the trees that were treated with the study factors outperformed them.
The Biological Response of the Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni to Bio-Enriched and Nano Amino Acids
Authors: Al-shaheen M.R. , Zakaria Z. , Al-Shaheen M. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment carried out in the wooden canopy - Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to testing the response of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni to spraying with - Bio-Enriched and nano Proline, Where three levels of Nano- Bio-Enriched (0mg, 50mg and 100mg) were used, three levels of nano Proline were used (0mg, 100mg and 200mg). The results were recorded showed that the treatments were sprayed with the Nano- Bio-Enriched (100mg) were significantly superior with the highest ratios of the stem’s diameter (ml), Number of branches per plant and Chlorophyll content in the leaves.
Phytochemicals Analysis in Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) Plant Extracts
Authors: Faizy H. S. , Esmail L. S. , Mahdi H. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNasturtium officinaleis a wild edible species ofNasturtiumgenus that has a great concern of medicinal plant specialist. Traditionally, it was offering rural and local people food security and medicines. Nowadays, these plants become more attractive and interested due to their polyphenol level and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate some phytochemicals of aerial portion of this plant including (reducing sugar, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponin, glycosides, steroids and phenolic compounds) and the effect of altitudes on the total content of phenolic compound and flavonoids.The results showed thatN. Officinalein all three villages were enriched with steroids, reducing sugar, phenolic compound, glycosides and flavonoids. However, the study was recorded the absence of existing saponin in the three places. Furthermore, the study result highlighted that the high content of phenolic compound (gallic acid= 0.60mg 100g−1) and flavonoids (qurcen=5.39mg 100g−1) were achieved from the high altitude compared to the low altitudes phenolic compound (gallic acid= 0.39 mg 100g−1) and flavonoids compound (qurcen= 2.93 mg 100g1). Thus, the evidence of this study shown that watercress can enhance natural medicines for human being.
HPLC-UV Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Bark of Tamarix articulata vahl Shrubs Grown in Mosul Province.
Authors: Dawood N.A. S. , Al-Daody A. C. , Al-Takay T. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Analytical trial was carried out to investigate phenolic compounds of Tamarix articulata (vahl.) Karst shrubs were extracted from dry powdered bark with different solvents: Ethyl acetate; Industrial methylated spirits (IMS) and distilled water, and their antioxidant activity were assayed via in vitro radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay. HPLC analysis showed that there were at least 6 remarkable phenolic compounds identified of bark, which included: (Apigenin, Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, Quercetin and Rutin). Furthermore, both of crude extracts IMS and distilled water was better than crude ethyl acetate extract for extracting the bioactive compounds particularly the number and concentration of phenolic compounds identified in bark. The crude extract of IMS achieved the highest total concentration of 0.471 (mg g−1), followed by the crude extract for hot water was 0.226 (mg g−1) and the lowest crude extract for ethyl acetate was 0.031 (mg g−1). However, all the phenolic compounds separated from the crude extracts were free radical inhibitors of DPPH but both the IMS crude extract and ethyl acetate at the same concentration of 200 (µ ml−1), and at rates of (96.7% and 96) (%), respectively, were significantly superior, on the phenolic compounds separated from the aqueous crude extract. Additionally, it’s superior on the standard sample.
Effect of Acridine Orange in Promoting Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Fragaria Ananassa Duch Under Salinity Stress in Vitro
Authors: Sekhi Y. S. , Hamad R. M. , Neamah S. I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experimental were conducted out at plant tissue culture lab., Center of Desert studies to test the effect of four concentrations of Acridine Orange viz., 0, 10, 50 and 100mM L−1 under four levels of salinity viz., 0, 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl L−1 on some phenological traits including: leaves number, branches number, plant length and fresh weight. Membrane stability index and electrolytic leakage also were in vitro measured. The experiment was factorial and arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 50 mML−1 of Acridine orange gave highest leaves number of 14.67 leaves explant−1, branches number of 3.75 branches explants−1, plant length of 1.48cm and fresh weight of 0.71g. whereas, 10 mM L−1 membrane stability index of 76.63. Furthermore, 30 mML−1 possesses highest leaves number of 11.75 leaves explants−1, branches number of 2.83 branch explant−1, plant length of 1.29cm and fresh weight of 0.58g. The highest level of salinity (90 mM) gave highest of electrolyte of 69.07.It could concluded that 50 m mol l−1 of acridine orange was the best concentration to promote growth of strawberry in vitro. Moreover, Plantlets were more tolerant to 30 m mol L−1 of Nacl in vitro.
Response of Date Palms Cv. Zahdi to Foliar Spray with Urea and Seaweed Extract
Authors: Murad H. J. , Al-Dulaimy A. F. Z. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in one of the private palm groves in Anbar governorate, Heet city, Al-Furat district during the 2019-2020 growing season on date palm trees (Zahdi cultivar), to study the effect spraying urea at a concentration (0, 1 and 2 g L−1) and seaweed algae extract at a concentration (0, 2 and 4 ml L−1). Twenty-seven of 20-year-old trees were selected. A factorial experiment was carried out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) included 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that urea treatments especially 2 g L−1 have the best yield traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield and reducing sugars in fruits which reached (9.62 g, 13.62 kg, 163.2 kg tree−1 and 54.07%), respectively. As to 1g L−1 urea gave the highest volume of fruits which is (6.43 cm3). Whereas the urea has no significant effect on the nitrate content in fruits . On the other hand, the spraying with 4 ml L−1 of seaweed extract has significant effect on volume of fruits and reducing sugars that reached to the highest values of (6.21 cm3 and 53.86%), respectively. While the concentration of 2 ml L−1 revealed the highest cluster weight of (13.21kg and total yield of 132.1kg tree−1). Furthermore, it reduced nitrate content of fruit to the minimum level of (30.95 mg L−1).
Effect of Foliar Application of Sitofex, Potassium and Arginine on Vegetative Growth of “Zaghinia” Apricot Trees
Authors: Medan R. A. , Al-Douri E. F. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research and Experiments Station in Al-Sayada site of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk / Republic of Iraq, during the 2020 growing season, on six-year-old “Zaghinia” apricot trees to study the effect of foliar spraying with three concentrations of Sitofex growth regulator (0 and 7.5 and 15 mg L−1), two concentrations of potassium sulfate (0 and 3000 mg L−1) and three concentrations of amino acid (Arginine) (0, 250 and 500 mg L−1). The spraying was carried out a week after the full blooming stage, followed by two sprays with an interval of three weeks. The results indicated that spraying with 15 mg L−1 of Sitofex or spraying with 3000 mg L−1 of potassium sulfate led to a significant increase in all the studied characteristics (length and diameter of shoots, leaf area, total chlorophyll content and dry weight of leaves). As for spraying with amino acid “Arginine”, the foliar spray of 500 mg L−1 treatment gave a significant increase in the length and diameter of shoots, leaf area and its total chlorophyll content. Bilateral and triple interference treatments had a significant effect on most of the studied characteristics.
Effect of Spraying with Nutrition Solution and Organic Fertilizer in Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Peach Seedlings Cv. Red June.
Authors: Saeed S. S. , Hamad A. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in Iraq / Baghdad Al-Yusufiya for the season 2019 to study the effect of spraying with Nutrition Solution and organic Fertilizer in some vegetative growth characteristics of peach seedlings. The nutrient spray (F) was used with four concentrations (F0) 0, (F1) 1.5, (F2) 3, (F3) 4.5ml.l−1 and organic fertilizer spraying (B) with four concentrations (B0) 0, (B1) 3, (B2) 4, (B3) 5 ml.l−1. The results showed that F3 recorded the higher value of plant height, leaves area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%), and carbohydrate, nitrogen and C/N ratio which gave 34.86 cm, 3819 cm2, 256.4 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.73%, 0.53%, 2.74%, 2.73%, 28.34% and 10.35% respectively. likewise, spraying, treatment (B3) exceeded the rate of increase in plant height, leaves area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%), carbohydrates, nitrogen and C/N ratio was 32.06 cm, 34.10 cm2, 254.5 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.52%, 0.45%, 2.10%, 2.52%, 23.12% and 9.08% respectively. As for the interaction between the studied factors (F3B3) achieved the highest value in plant height leaves area chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%),carbohydrates and nitrogen which gave 37.31 cm, 43.72 cm2,277.4 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.87% 0.58%, 2.99%, 2.88% and 29.56% respectively.
Effect of ground addition and foliar spraying of bio -fertilizer on some vegetative growth characteristics of local lemon (Citrus lemon L.) Saplings
Authors: Shukr M. M. A. , Al Shaheen M. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out in the lath house of the Department of Biology -College of Education for Pure Sciences – University of Anbar, during the autumn season (2020) with the aim of studying the effect of soil fertilization and foliar application of (Bio health) bio fertilizer on some of the vegetative growth characteristics of local lemon saplings. A factorial experiment with two-factors experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), included 16 treatments, with four replicates, the first factor (A) was the soil fertilization with at four concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1, the second factor (B) was foliar application with at four concentrations 0, 1, 2 and 3 g.L-1, the results showed the superiority of the treatment of soil fertilization with a concentration of 6 g.L-1 and the foliar application of 3 g.L-1, and the interaction between them was significant in the characteristics of scion diameter, leaves content of relative chlorophyll, leaf area and leaves area, as for the treatment, Foliar application with a concentration of 2 g.L-1 and 3 g.L-1 showed a significant increase in the characteristic of plat height and rootstock diameter respectively, while the interaction between soil fertilization and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 showed the best result in the characteristic of plant height, while the interaction between the soil fertilization treatments 1 g.L-1 and foliar application at a concentration of 2 g.L-1 showed the best diameter of rootstock.
Studying the Effect of Different Fertilizers Types and Methods of Application on Nodulation, Growth and Yield of Some Chickpea Varieties Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Omer Fathi. A. , Tahir Dilsher. Sh. , How P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Sharya-Duhok area, Iraqi Kurdistan region under rainfed conditions during the season of 2018-2019 to study the nodulation status, growth and yield performance of two local varieties of chickpea (Shamy and Marakshy) in relation to three different fertilizers types and methods of application i.e. bio fertilizer (Corabac G) and seed priming in super phosphate 2% and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in addition to control treatment. The experiment was designed by Randomized complete block design with four replications. The results clearly showed significant reduction in both number and dry weight of nodules per plant in fertilizer treatment as compared to untreated (control treatment), except seed priming in super phosphate 2% as it significantly enhanced the nodule dry weight displaying non responding of chickpea to soil fertilization in regards of nodules development. However the final seedyield was not significant in the study, but its highly correlated to the above ground biomass (r =0.74**) and number of seeds per plant (r = 0.33*); Shamy variety of chickpea was superior in number of branches, number of pods and seeds per plant, while the Marakshy variety was superior in the plant height, height of lowest pod, and weight of seeds. Regarding fertilizers treatments effects, both seed priming in super phosphate and DAP fertilizer treatments were significantly surpassed in number of branches, pods and seeds per plant. Shamy variety performed better in number of branches and seeds per plant with DAP fertilizer, while Marakshy produced the same traits better in seed priming treatment. Bio-fertilizer (Corabac G) was inferior in most of the studied traits of chickpea. Accordingly, the obtained results conclude that the nodulation in chickpea not respond to the soil application of fertilizers, while positively to seed treatment (priming). The results also suggest both method of fertilization (DAP and seed priming) for improving yield related componets, but Corabac G bio fertilizer is not recommended under similar conditions.
Response Growth and Yield Traits of Faba Bean Genotype to Foliar Feeding with Triplex Amino Biostimulator
Authors: Sarhan I. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the winter season 2019-2020, in the Nuaimiya region of Fallujah city – Al -Anbar Governorate. The aim of the experiment was to study the response of growth and yield traits of faba bean to foliar feeding with Triplex amino biostimulator. The experiment was applied by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the arrangement of the split-plot with three replicates. The main plots included three genotypes from the remnants (American, Dutch and Italian), While the sub plots included four concentrations of Triplex amino biostimulator (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5) g L−1. The Dutch genotype recorded the highest average for each of the number of branches in the plant (8. 84branch.plant−1), leaf area (3289.2 cm2). Plant−1, number of pods per plant (19.25 pods. Plant−1), number of seeds per pod (4.56 seed.pod−1) and seed yield (4.263t.h−1), While the American genotype gave the highest average for plant height (106.70 cm) and 100 seed weight (114.5 g.) The biostimulant significantly effect on all growth and yield traits, the concentration 7.5 g. L−1 gave the highest average for each of Plant height (113.29 cm), number of branches per plant (9.88 branch. plant−1 ), leaf area(3637.9 cm2). Plant−1, number of pods per plant (22.06) pods, number of seeds per pod (4.48 seed.pod−1, weight of 100 seeds (125.2g) and seed yield (4,342 t.h−1). The interaction between the Dutch genotype and concentration 7.5 g. L−1 of the bio stimulant was given the highest average for the number of branches per plant, leaf area, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod.
Impact of Storage Conditions on Seed Vigor and Viability of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds
Authors: Hamed M. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted under different storage conditions in the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar in 2019. The objective was to study the effects of storage conditions in seed vigor, viability and field emergence of bread wheat cultivars; Buhooth-22, Adana and Buhooth-158. Seeds were stored for six months under, 5 Cº, 25Cº, sludge house, and open ceiling frame. Seeds stored at 5Cº gave higher values in germination (98.67%), field emergence (93.33%) and coleoptile length (13.99cm). However, there values were not significantly different from those stored at room temperature which gave higher value than the storage method, in radical length, and seedling dry weight. The cultivars were different in all studied traits. Buhooth-158 gave the best values for germination%, radical and coleoptile lengths, seedling dry weight germination vigor, and field emergence. It could be concluded that bread wheat genotypes and methods of storage have significant impact on seed vigor and other related traits.
Genetic Analysis for Combining Ability and the Gene Action in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Using Half Diallel Cross
Authors: Hammadi H. J. , Faiath S. E. , Azzam M. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in the right side of the Euphrates in Ramadi city Anbar province - Iraq, used in the research six pure varieties of Sun flower. These items introduced one-way half diallel in the 2018 spring season to produce 15 single crosses. The seeds of the parents and their hybrid were planted in the fall season 2018 in the design of R.C.B.D with three replicates. To estimate the effects of GCA, SCA and the gene action and some genetic parameters in the sun flower. The results showed that there were significant differences between the hybrids and its parents in all studied traits. Note that the GCA and SCA variation on the union was highly significant for all studied traits. It was found that the parent (5) is the best parent in terms of GCA in the individual plant yield, gave an effect of (8.83) while the hybrid (3 × 4) is the best hybrid in the effect of SCA for the weight of 1000 seeds and the individual plant yield, (28.84 and 28.46) respectively. While the highest value of the heterosis in the trait of the individual plant yield of the hybrid (4 × 6) gave a value of (57.29%). The GCA variance to SCA was less than one for all studied traits except plant height indicating that there is a dominance gene action controls heredity of traits. This was reflected in the increase in the degree of dominance of one for most of the studied traits. The percentage of inheritance in the broad sense ranged from (97.74%) for the individual plant status to (99.81%) for the number of seeds per disc, this is due to the high genetic variation and low environmental variability. The highest value of genetic improvement was given to the number of seeds disk with a value of 249.15. The new combinations can be used in the production of individual hybrids with high specific combining ability to produce high yields because most of their traits were controlled by the dominance gene.
Role of Nitroglycerine Injection in Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica in Some Blood Parameters
Authors: Al-Bayar M. A. , Farhan S. M. , Saed Z. J. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate injection of Japanese quail females Countrix japonica with nitro-glycerine (NTG) in blood cells and blood plasma biochemical parameters. In this study 72 females of Japanese quail (45days age) used divided into three groups, three replicates for each one 8 females. Females injected subcutaneous once a week by 0.5 ml of NTG solution by dissolving 500 and 1000 mg of NTG per 100 ml sesame oil for Group1 (G1) and Group2 (G2) respectively while Group0 (G0) left without injection (as a control group). Blood collected from vascular one time every three weeks. Results showed a significant increasing (P≤0.05) in RBC count mean for G2 group compared with other treatments, while there is no significant differences in other blood cells parameters and no significant differences in blood plasma Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations for all groups compared with control.
Growth response, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed dried kitchen waste meal as a partial replacement for corn
Authors: Sani U M , Al-Jugifi W I , Jaber B T , Asker A S , Sulaiman G B , Khadir A A , Adamu J.L. , Saeed O A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dry kitchen waste meal (KW) as a partial replacement for maize on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total 160 broiler chicks were used for the study. The broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 of 40 birds of each treatment with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study was lasted for six weeks. Four experimental diets were formulated with KW replacing maize at levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% representing T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively for both starter and finisher diets. The results showed that daily and total feed intake showed significant difference among treatment groups. Broilers fed 20% KW showed highest average daily feed intake while those fed 30% KW recorded the least. Nutrients digestibility parameters such as ash and crude fiber were significantly different across treatments. Therefore, KW can replace up to 20% of maize in broilers diet without any negative effect on feed intake and will be suitable for feeding chickens.
PCR-Based Detection of Aflatoxogenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Poultry Feed
Authors: Alkhursan R. N. , Abbas B. A. , Khudor M. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Twenty five isolates of A. flavus were detected by UV light (365nm) and ammonia vapor procedures. Aflatoxigenic A. flavus on Coconut Agar Medium (CAM) colored the reverse of glass petri dish with blue –green under UV light and produce a pink to red color by exposure to ammonia vapor. The detection by fluorescent blue revealed that 13 (52%) of isolates were aflatoxigenic by produce fluorescent color under UV (365nm) light, and also 13 (52%) of isolates were aflatoxigenic (positive) by ammonia vapor test. The molecular assessment was done on 25 isolates of A. flavus by using aflR gene primers. Five isolates of aflatoxigenic A. flavus positive identified isolates by PCR were randomly selected to sequence and analyze by basic local alignment search tool analysis (BLAST) to confirm the aflatoxigenic strains. Five isolates were positive and confirmed approximately compatible (99%-100%) homology with other A. flavus strains on NCBI.