bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of endovascular stent grafting versus open surgical repair for the elective treatment of arch/descending thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: McCarthy Andrew , Gray Joanne , Sastry Priya , Sharples Linda , Vale Luke , Cook Andrew , Mcmeekin Peter , Freeman Carol , Catarino Pedro , Large Stephen 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo review comparisons of the effectiveness of endovascular stent grafting (ESG) against open surgical repair (OSR) for treatment of chronic arch or descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysisData sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Routine data collection, current controlled trials, clinical trials and the NIHR portfolio were searched from January 1994 to March 2020.Eligibility criteria for selective studiesAll identified studies that compared ESG and OSR, including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomised and non-RCTs, comparative cohort studies and case–control studies matched on main outcomes were sought. Participants had to receive elective treatments for arch/descending (TAA). Studies were excluded where other thoracic aortic conditions (eg, rupture or dissection) were reported, unless results for patients receiving elective treatment for arch/descending TAA reported separately.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Risk of Bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects. Where meta-analysis not appropriate, results were reported narratively.ResultsFive comparative cohort studies met inclusion criteria, reporting 3955 ESG and 21 197 OSR patients. Meta-analysis of unadjusted short-term (30 day) all-cause mortality favoured ESG (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.03)). Heterogeneity identified between larger and smaller studies. Sensitivity analysis of four studies including only descending TAA showed no statistical significance (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.18)), moderate heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of adjusted short-term all-cause mortality favoured ESG (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.98)), no heterogeneity. Longer-term (beyond 30 days) survival from all-cause mortality favoured OSR in larger studies and ESG in smaller studies. Freedom from reintervention in the longer-term favoured OSR. Studies reporting short-term non-fatal complications suggest fewer events following ESG.ConclusionsThere is limited and increasingly dated evidence on the comparison of ESG and OSR for treatment of arch/descending TAA.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054565.
Implementation of a care manager organisation and its association with antidepressant medication patterns: a register-based study of primary care centres in Sweden
Authors: Sandheimer Christine , Björkelund Cecilia , Hensing Gunnel , Mehlig Kirsten , Hedenrud Tove 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of a care manager organisation for common mental disorders and its association with antidepressant medication patterns on primary care centre (PCC) level, compared with PCCs without this organisation. Moreover, to determine whether a care manager organisation is associated with antidepressant medication patterns that is more in accordance with treatment guidelines.DesignRegister-based study on PCC level.SettingPrimary care in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.ParticipantsAll PCCs in the region. PCCs were analysed in three subgroups: PCCs with a care manager organisation during 2015 and 2016 (n=68), PCCs without the organisation (n=92) and PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation during 2016 (n=42).Outcome measuresProportion of inadequate medication users, defined as number of patients >18 years with a common mental disorder diagnosis receiving care at a PCC in the region during the study period and dispensed 1–179 defined daily doses (DDD) of antidepressants of total patients with at least 1 DDD. The outcome was analysed through generalised linear regression and a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsOverall, all PCCs had about 30%–34% of inadequate medication users. PCCs with a care manager organisation had significantly lower proportion of inadequate medication users in 2016 compared with PCCs without (−6.4%, p=0.02). These differences were explained by higher proportions in privately run PCCs. PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation had a significant decrease in inadequate medication users over time (p=0.01).ConclusionsPublic PCCs had a more consistent antidepressant medication pattern compared with private PCCs that gained more by introducing a care manager organisation. It was possible to document a significant decrease in inadequate medication users, notwithstanding that PCCs in the region followed the guidelines to a comparatively high extent regardless of present care manager organisation.
Correlation between intracranial pressure and venous sinus pressures in patients undergoing cerebral venography and manometry
Authors: Lee Katriel , Kittel Carol , Aldridge Jennifer Bernhardt , Wolfe Stacey Q , Brown Patrick , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is complex but is directly related to cerebral venous hypertension. Few studies have simultaneously recorded venous sinus pressures and lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressure (OP) to understand the relationship between these factors without temporal confounding.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients with a known or suspected diagnosis of IIH who underwent cerebral venography with manometry followed immediately by LP.Results47 patients aged 16–68 years met inclusion criteria. 91.5% were female. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.3 kg/m2. Of the included patients, median OP was 21 cm H2O (IQR (15.5, 26.5)). Mean (SD) recorded superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and torcular pressures were 25.5 (16.5) mm Hg and 23.8 (16.6) mm Hg, respectively. Twenty patients (42.6%) were discovered to have a trans-stenosis gradient of 8 mm Hg or greater. Transverse sinus, torcula, and SSS pressures were all significantly predicted by OP. On regression analysis, torcular pressures were best predicted by OP of the three measured sites. For 17 patients with OP <20 cm H2O (36.2%), mean (SD) SSS and torcular pressures were 13.5 (4.2) mm Hg and 15.4 (6.7) mm Hg, respectively, suggesting that normally SSS pressures should measure <18 mm Hg (80th percentile) in non-pathologic conditions.ConclusionsThis is the first study to correlate venous sinus pressures and OP in patients with IIH with LP performed directly after manometry. In 47 patients, LP OP significantly predicted transverse sinus, torcula, and SSS pressures. Torcular pressures (mm Hg) were most accurately predicted by OP (cm H2O) in a nearly one-to-one relationship.
Endovascular recanalization for non-acute basilar artery occlusions with progressive or recurrent ischemic symptoms: a multicenter clinical experience
Authors: Gao Feng , Han Ju , Guo Xu , Sun Xuan , Ma Ning , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the optimal treatment of non-acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO), and endovascular recanalization still poses a therapeutic challenge for these patients. We report a multicenter clinical experience of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic non-acute BAO and propose an angiographic grouping to determine which patient subgroup most benefits from this treatment.MethodsForty-two patients with non-acute BAO with progressive or recurrent vertebrobasilar ischemic symptoms who underwent endovascular recanalization were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. These patients were classified into three subtypes based on their occlusion length and distal collateral reconstruction on angiograms. The rates of technical success, periprocedural complications and outcome, any stroke or death within 1 month, and follow-up data were examined.ResultsThe success rate of endovascular recanalization was 76.2% (32/42). The rate of periprocedural complications was 14.3% (6/42). In the three subgroups (types I–III) the success rates of endovascular recanalization were reduced (90.0%, 71.4% and 50%, respectively, p=0.023), while the overall rates of periprocedural complications were increased (5.0%, 14.3% and 37.5%, respectively, p=0.034). Type I lesions, with short-segment occlusions and good distal BA collateral reconstruction, showed favorable responses to endovascular recanalization. The median follow-up time was 1 year (IQR 11.0–19.5 months), with any stroke or death during follow-up at a rate of 7.9%.ConclusionEndovascular recanalization can be safe and feasible for reasonably selected patients with non-acute BAO, especially type I lesions, and offers an alternative choice for those with progressive or recurrent vertebrobasilar ischemic symptoms despite aggressive medical therapy.
Fibrocytes in early and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-month trial with repeated synovial biopsy, imaging and lung function test
Authors: Just Søren Andreas , Nielsen Christian , Werlinrud Jens Christian , Larsen Pia Veldt , Hejbøl Eva Kildall , Tenstad Helene Broch , Daa Schrøder Henrik , Barington Torben , Torfing Trine , Humby Frances , Lindegaard Hanne 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo correlate the level of fibrocytes in peripheral blood, synovial tissue and in vitro culture in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with changes in disease activity, imaging and pulmonary function.MethodsTwenty patients with early RA (ERA) and 20 patients with long-standing RA (LRA) were enrolled in a 6-month prospective study. Sixteen patients undergoing wrist arthroscopy were healthy controls. Patients with RA underwent pulmonary function tests, ultrasound and synovial ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the same wrist at baseline and 6 months. Wrist MRI was performed at baseline (all) and 6 months (ERA). Circulating fibrocytes were measured by flow cytometry, in vitro by the number of monocytes that were differentiated to fibrocytes and in synovial biopsies by counting in histological sections.ResultsFibrocytes were primarily located around vessels and in the subintimal area in the synovium. Fibrocyte levels did not decline during the trial despite effective RA treatment. In the ERA group, increased synovitis assessed by ultrasound was moderate and strongly correlated with an increase in circulating and synovial fibrocyte levels, respectively. Increased synovitis assessed by MRI during the trial in the ERA group was moderately correlated with both increased numbers of circulating and cultured fibrocytes. Absolute diffusion capacity level was overall weakly negatively correlated with the level of circulating and synovial fibrocytes. The decline in diffusion capacity during the trial was moderately correlated with increased levels of synovial fibrocytes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that fibrocytes are involved in RA pathogenesis, both in the synovium and the reduction in lung function seen in a part of patients with RA.Trial registration numberNCT02652299.
The fit-active profile to better reflect the benefits of a lifelong vigorous physical activity participation: mini-review of literature and population data
Authors: Marin-Couture Elisa , Pérusse Louis , Tremblay Angelo 
Published: March 2021

Physical activity is favourably considered for its effect on metabolic fitness and body composition. This observation is generally supported by observational studies and is concordant with endurance-trained individuals’ metabolic and morphological profiles. However, in some contexts, the measurement of physical activity habits may not provide an adequate representation of its benefits. In this paper, we review relevant literature on the respective effects of fitness and physical activity on anthropometric and metabolic variables and the informative potential of a classification based on aerobic fitness and activity indicators. The relevance to defining a profile based on both fitness and activity is reinforced by data from the Quebec Family Study showing that, in both men and women, “fit-active” individuals displayed a much more favourable morphological and metabolic profile than “unfit-inactive” individuals. Moreover, these benefits seemed to be more related to variations in fitness than in physical activity. In summary, evidence suggests that a profile combining information on aerobic fitness and physical activity may better reflect the lifelong impact of physical activity on body composition and health. Novelty: The fit-active profile better reflects the long-term benefits of vigorous physical activity participation on health. The reported benefits seem to be more related to variations in aerobic fitness than to those in physical activity.
Wormhole models in R2-gravity for f(R, T) theory with a hybrid shape function
Authors: Mishra Ambuj Kumar , Sharma Umesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we explore wormholes in R2-gravity within the f(R, T) formalism by using [Formula: see text] (hybrid shape function). The functional form f(R, T) = R + αR2 + λT is considered where R and T are the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively, and α and λ are controlling parameters. With the help of the EoS, ω = pr/ρ, geometric behavior is analyzed and energy conditions are discussed in the anisotropic scenario. In this investigation, significant contribution of the quadratic geometric term (R2) and linear trace term (T) are shown to validate energy conditions for the specific shape function and analyze wormhole solutions in the absence of exotic matter. Also, we observe that the energy conditions are valid in the whole range (r ≥ r0) in the case of constant redshift function with this shape function.
Particle creation in FLRW higher dimensional universe with gravitational and cosmological constants
Authors: Dixit Archana , Garg Priyanka , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: March 2021

We study the mechanism of particle creation in the higher dimensional FLRW-type cosmological models by using variable cosmological and gravitational constants. The solution of the corresponding field equations is obtained by assuming a linear function of the Hubble parameter (H) (i.e., q = α + βH) (Dixit et al. Pramana. J. Phys. 94, 25 (2020). doi: 10.1007/s12043-019-1884-2 ), which gives a scale factor [Formula: see text], where k and β are positive constants. Here we consider the time-dependent higher-dimensional field equations, including the general formulation of particle creation and entropy generation mechanisms. We also investigate a few quantities, such as the deceleration parameter q, particle creation rate ψ, the entropy S, the cosmological constant Λ, Newton’s gravitational constant G, and the energy density ρ, and discuss their physical significance. We have observed that all quantities, except the gravitational constant (G) and the entropy (S), decrease with time in all dimensions characteristically. However, the entropy S and the gravitational constant G increase with time. Additionally, we have also discussed the look-back time, luminosity distance, distance modulus, and age of the universe with redshift z and observed the role of particle formation in universe evolution in early and late times. For the derived model, we have calculated various physical parameters, which are in good agreement with the recent observations.
Liver Imaging and Data System (LI-RADS) Version 2018 and Other Imaging Features in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in Chinese Adults with vs. without Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection
Authors: Liang Ying-ying , Shao Shuo , Kuang Sichi , Chen Jingbiao , Zhou Jing , He Bingjun , Zhang Linqi , Zhang Yao , Fowler Kathryn J. , Wang Jin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose. To describe liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2018 and other MRI imaging features in intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) in Chinese adults with vs. without chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 89 patients with pathologically proven iCCA after multiphase imaging performed between 2004 and 2017 at a tertiary medical center in southern China. Based on whether patients had chronic HBV, iCCA was divided into two subgroups: HBV-positive (n = 50 patients, including 9 with cirrhosis) vs. HBV-negative (n = 39 patients, including 14 with hepatolithiasis and 25 with no identifiable risk factor for iCCA; none had cirrhosis). Two independent abdominal radiologists in consensus reviewed the largest mass in each patient to assign LI-RADS v2018 features; they also scored each observation’s shape and location. Imaging features were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results. Most iCCAs in HBV-positive (88% (44/50)) and HBV-negative (97% (38/39)) patients had at least one LR-M feature. Compared to iCCAs in HBV-negative patients, iCCAs in HBV-positive patients were more likely to have at least one major feature of HCC (46% (23/50) vs. 8% (3/39),

P

< 0.001) and more likely to be smooth (42% (21/50) vs. 10% (4/39),

P

= 0.001). Six of 50 (12%) iCCAs in HBV-positive patients and 1/39 (3%) iCCAs in HBV-negative patients had at least one major feature of HCC without any LR-M feature. Conclusions. In this retrospective single-center study in Chinese adults, iCCAs in HBV-positive patients were more likely to resemble HCCs than iCCAs in HBV-negative patients.
Using Organ Specific and Circulatory Biofluids to Screen Individuals at High Risk for Breast Cancer Presents Unique Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sauter Edward R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntraductal assessment of the breast holds the potential to provide useful information regarding breast cancer risk assessment, early diagnosis, and/or response to therapy. Intraductal assessment can be through imaging (ductography), direct visualization (mammary ductoscopy), or evaluation of the intraductal fluid collected. The most common nonradiologic approaches to intraductal assessment that provide intraductal fluid for evaluation include breast nipple aspiration fluid (NAF), spontaneous nipple discharge (SND), mammary ductoscopy, and ductal lavage. The first two approaches are entirely noninvasive while the latter are considered minimally invasive. Nipple aspiration is performed both on women with and without evidence of possible disease in the breast. On the other hand, unilateral SND suggests the presence of a lesion in the incident breast, while bilateral SND is most often physiologic. The focus of the report by Patuleia and colleagues is on challenges, lessons learned, and recommended solutions in the identification of women with increased breast cancer risk who are more likely to develop in situ or invasive breast cancer based on sequential collection and subsequent analysis of biofluids (NAF and serum). The lessons learned that are discussed can also be applied to other types of biofluid studies for cancer early detection and response to treatment.See related article by Patuleia et al., p. 441
AdipoRon Attenuates Inflammation and Impairment of Cardiac Function Associated With Cardiopulmonary Bypass–Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Jenke Alexander , Yazdanyar Mariam , Miyahara Shunsuke , Chekhoeva Agunda , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Kistner Julia , Boeken Udo , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) frequently provokes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which is triggered by TLR4 (Toll‐like receptor 4) and TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor α) signaling. Here, we investigated whether the adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 agonist AdipoRon modulates CPB‐induced inflammation and cardiac dysfunction.

Methods and Results

Rats underwent CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and were finally weaned from the heart‐lung machine. Compared with vehicle, AdipoRon application attenuated the CPB‐induced impairment of mean arterial pressure following deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. During the weaning and postweaning phases, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in all AdipoRon animals (7 of 7) remained stable, while cardiac rhythm was irretrievably lost in 2 of 7 of the vehicle‐treated animals. The AdipoRon‐mediated improvements of cardiocirculatory parameters were accompanied by increased plasma levels of IL (interleukin) 10 and diminished concentrations of lactate and K
+
. In myocardial tissue, AdipoRon activated AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) while attenuating CPB‐induced degradation of nuclear factor κB inhibitor α (IκBα), upregulation of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, CCL2 (C‐C chemokine ligand 2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Correspondingly, in cultured cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, AdipoRon activated AMPK, upregulated IL‐10, and attenuated activation of nuclear factor κB, as well as upregulation of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, CCL2, NADPH oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by lipopolysaccharide or TNF‐α. In addition, the treatment of cardiac myocytes with the AMPK activator 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside resulted in a similar inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐ and TNF‐α–induced inflammatory cell phenotypes as for AdipoRon.

Conclusions
Our observations indicate that AdipoRon attenuates CPB‐induced inflammation and impairment of cardiac function through AMPK‐mediated inhibition of proinflammatory TLR4 and TNF‐α signaling in cardiac cells and upregulation of immunosuppressive IL‐10.
Metrics for evaluating tropical cyclones in climate data
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Ullrich Paul A. , Reed Kevin A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis manuscript describes a software suite that can be used for objective evaluation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in gridded climate data. Using cyclone trajectories derived from 6-hourly data, a comprehensive set of metrics is defined to systematically compare and contrast products to one another. In addition to annual TC climatologies, attention is paid to spatial and temporal patterns of storm occurrence and intensity. Assessment can be performed either on the global scale or regional domains. Simple to visualize ‘scorecards’ allow for rapid credibility assessment. We showcase three key findings enabled by this suite. First, we compare the representation of TCs in seven current-generation global reanalyses and conclude that higher resolution models and those with TC-specific assimilation contain more accurate storm climatologies. Second, using a free-running Earth system model (ESM) we find that full basin refinement is required in variable-resolution configurations to adequately simulate North Atlantic TC frequency. Upstream refinement over northern Africa offers little benefit in simulating storm occurrence but spatial genesis patterns are improved. Finally, we show that TCs simulated by ESMs can be highly sensitive to individual parameterizations in climate models, with North Atlantic TC metrics varying greatly depending on version of the Morrison-Gettelman microphysics package.