bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Attention Enhances Crowded Stimulus Encoding Across Modeled Receptive Fields by Increasing Redundancy of Feature Representations
Authors: Theiss Justin D. , Bowen Joel D. , Silver Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Any visual system, biological or artificial, must make a trade-off between the number of units used to represent the visual environment and the spatial resolution of the sampling array. Humans and some other animals are able to allocate attention to spatial locations to reconfigure the sampling array of receptive fields (RFs), thereby enhancing the spatial resolution of representations without changing the overall number of sampling units. Here, we examine how representations of visual features in a fully convolutional neural network interact and interfere with each other in an eccentricity-dependent RF pooling array and how these interactions are influenced by dynamic changes in spatial resolution across the array. We study these feature interactions within the framework of visual crowding, a well-characterized perceptual phenomenon in which target objects in the visual periphery that are easily identified in isolation are much more difficult to identify when flanked by similar nearby objects. By separately simulating effects of spatial attention on RF size and on the density of the pooling array, we demonstrate that the increase in RF density due to attention is more beneficial than changes in RF size for enhancing target classification for crowded stimuli. Furthermore, by varying target/flanker spacing, as well as the spatial extent of attention, we find that feature redundancy across RFs has more influence on target classification than the fidelity of the feature representations themselves. Based on these findings, we propose a candidate mechanism by which spatial attention relieves visual crowding through enhanced feature redundancy that is mostly due to increased RF density.
Girolamo Mei’s Interpretation of Tragic Katharsis as Culmination of His Aesthetic Thought
Authors: Tsugami Eske 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Girolamo Mei (1519–94) is known in the history of Western music as a humanist who stimulated the birth of the operatic form by his description of ancient tragedy. According to him, it was a wholly musical drama, with all the words sung from beginning to end. However, scholars have been silent about the details of his thought, including the way he conceived tragedy. As a result, the birth of opera has often been considered to be a product of a misunderstanding. However, his interpretation of the form of tragedy is firmly based on the words of Aristotle’s Poetics. It follows from this that his picture of ancient tragedy is a proper one. This paper deals with Mei’s intepretation of tragic katharsis, which corroborates and also is corroborated by his view of ancient tragedy and music, and which at the same time is the culmination of his aesthetic thought.
A Cultural Synaesthesia from the Prism of Raphael’s “School of Athens”: Visual Art, Music, Philosophy
Authors: Masliakova Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding cultural practices including music from the visual may look like a daring endeavour. To disclose the synaesthetic relationships between such practices, this article offers a nomadic journey through different interpretive aspects of the visual arts, music history and even philosophy, starting from the prism of Raphael’s famous fresco “The School of Athens” (1509–1511).
Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase gene family in birch
Authors: Chen Bowei , Ali Shahid , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yonglan , Wang Min , Zhang Qingzhu , Xie Linan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistone methylation occurs primarily on lysine residues and requires a set of enzymes capable of reading, writing, and erasing to control its establishment and deletion, which is essential for maintaining chromatin structure and gene expression. Histone methylation and demethylation are contributed to plant growth and development, and are involved in adapting to environmental stresses. The JmjC domain-containing proteins are extensively studied for their function in histone lysine demethylation in plants, and play a critical role in sustaining histone methylation homeostasis.ResultsIn this study, a total of 21 JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase proteins (JHDMs) in birch were identified and classified into five subfamilies based on structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships among Arabidopsis, rice, maize, and birch. Although theBpJMJgenes displayed significant schematic variation, their distribution on the chromosomes is relatively uniform. Additionally, theBpJMJgenes in birch have never experienced a tandem-duplication event proved by WGD analysis and were remaining underwent purifying selection (Ka/Ks < < 1). A typical JmjC domain was found in allBpJMJgenes, some of which have other essential domains for their functions. In the promoter regions ofBpJMJ genes, cis-acting elements associated with hormone and abiotic stress responses were overrepresented. Under abiotic stresses, the transcriptome profile reveals two contrasting expression patterns within 21BpJMJgenes. Furthermore, it was established that mostBpJMJgenes had higher expression in young tissues under normal conditions, withBpJMJ06/16having the highest expression in germinating seeds and participating in the regulation ofBpGA3ox1/2gene expression. Eventually,BpJMJgenes were found to directly interact with genes involved in the “intracellular membrane” in respond to cold stress.ConclusionsThe present study will provide a foundation for future experiments on histone demethylases in birch and a theoretical basis for epigenetic research on growth and development in response to abiotic stresses.
Genome-centric metagenomics reveals insights into the evolution and metabolism of a new free-living group in Rhizobiales
Authors: Lemos Leandro Nascimento , de Carvalho Fabíola Marques , Gerber Alexandra , Guimarães Ana Paula C. , Jonck Celio Roberto , Ciapina Luciane Prioli , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza Ribeiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Rhizobiales (Proteobacteria) order is an abundant and diverse group of microorganisms, being extensively studied for its lifestyle based on the association with plants, animals, and humans. New studies have demonstrated that the last common ancestor (LCA) of Rhizobiales had a free-living lifestyle, but the phylogenetic and metabolism characterization of basal lineages remains unclear. Here, we used a high-resolution phylogenomic approach to test the monophyly of the Aestuariivirgaceae family, a new taxonomic group of Rhizobiales. Furthermore, a deep metabolic investigation provided an overview of the main functional traits that can be associated with its lifestyle. We hypothesized that the presence of pathways (e.g., Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis) and the absence of pathogenic genes would be associated with a free-living lifestyle in Aestuariivirgaceae.

Results
Using high-resolution phylogenomics approaches, our results revealed a clear separation of Aestuariivirgaceae into a distinct clade of other Rhizobiales family, suggesting a basal split early group and corroborate the monophyly of this group. A deep functional annotation indicated a metabolic versatility, which includes putative genes related to sugar degradation and aerobic respiration. Furthermore, many of these traits could reflect a basal metabolism and adaptations of Rhizobiales, as such the presence of Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathway and the absence of pathogenicity genes, suggesting a free-living lifestyle in the Aestuariivirgaceae members.

Conclusions
Aestuariivirgaceae (Rhizobiales) family is a monophyletic taxon of the Rhizobiales with a free-living lifestyle and a versatile metabolism that allows these microorganisms to survive in the most diverse microbiomes, demonstrating their adaptability to living in systems with different conditions, such as extremely cold environments to tropical rivers.
The challenges of physicians’ participation in hospital accreditation programs: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Ebrahimipour Hosein , Hooshmand Elahe , Varmaghani Mehdi , Javan-Noughabi Javad , Mojtabaeian Seyyed Morteza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the increasing pressure on hospitals to enhance the quality of services, the participation of physicians in accreditation programs has become more important than ever. The present study was conducted to describe challenges of physicians’ participation in hospital accreditation programs in Iran using a qualitative approach.MethodsWe conducted interviews with 11 managers, 9 physicians and 8 experts in the field of hospital accreditation. Interviewees were selected through purposive snowball sampling. In-depth unstructured and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed in ATLAS.ti using the conceptual framework method.ResultsThe results of this study extracted 3 main themes including: cultural, organizational and behavioral factors. Also, this study found 12 sub-themes and 57 items. Sub-themes in the cultural domain were motivation, patient demand, mutual trust and evaluation system. The organizational domain consisted of seven sub-themes, including high workload, understanding the role of quality management unit, unrealistic accreditation, nature of accreditation, empowerment of physicians in the field of quality, effective communication, resource constraint. Sub-themes in the behavioral dimension were ambiguity in the role and uncertainty about how to participate in accreditation program.ConclusionPhysicians’ participation in accreditation programs can be increased through culture building and proper training about accreditation activities in the medical community.
The impact of COVID-19 on supply decision-makers: the case of personal protective equipment in Spanish hospitals
Authors: Morales-Contreras Manuel F. , Leporati Marcelo , Fratocchi Luciano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized as a trigger for redefining supply chains at the global level, and has created an intense debate within the academic community and among policy-makers and practitioners. Among other industries, health care has been dramatically hit by the scarcity of “medical products,” specifically for personal protective equipment (PPE-like), due to supply chain disruptions coupled with dramatically increased demand. We aimed to analyze how the scarcity of PPE-like during the COVID-19 pandemic has modified the behavior of decision-makers in the PPE-like supply chain at the hospital level, and to explore what changes could be implemented to cope with future PPE-like shortages.

Methods
We used an explorative approach based on semi-structured interviews with key informants in the Spanish health care industry. More specifically, we held interviews to industry experts at three hospitals in three Spanish regions to map the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic onto the buying decision-making process.

Results
Different strategies were developed by decision-makers at hospitals before, during, and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Our paper offers two main findings: a) decision-makers changed their purchasing behavior from a cost main driver to guaranteeing the availability of supplies; b) they supported the idea of giving more “strategic autonomy” to Spain or Europe through back and nearshoring decisions.

Conclusions
This paper could be of interest to health care management at the national, regional, and hospital levels, as well as for policy-makers, since it could help to establish and configure policies to support the sourcing of medical products (specifically PPE-like) to anticipate potential supply disruptions. Our paper contributes to the limited existing literature on how purchasing strategies at the decision-maker level and supply vary in the health care industry when a public health crisis appears, and what potential solutions might be for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the health care industry.
Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in small ruminants and genotyping of specimens collected from goats in Poland
Authors: Jodełko Agnieszka , Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika , Rola Jolanta Grażyna , Niemczuk Krzysztof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoxiella burnetiiis the etiological agent of Q fever, a zoonosis affecting many animal species including sheep and goats. The aims of this study were to evaluate the shedding ofCoxiella burnetiiin small ruminant herds and to identify the pathogen’s genotypes and sequence types (STs) using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multispacer sequence typing (MST) methods.ResultsOverall, 165 samples from 43 herds of goats and 9 flocks of sheep were collected including bulk tank milk (BTM), individual milk samples, vaginal swabs, tissue sections from stillborn kids, feces and placentas. These were tested by real-time PCR targeting the IS1111element.C. burnetiiinfection was confirmed in 51.16% of the herds of goats and 22.2% of the flocks of sheep. Six out of nine samples originating from goats were successfully genotyped using the MLVA method. The presence was confirmed of two widely distributed MLVA genotypes (I and J) and genotype PL1 previously reported only in cattle. Only one sequence type (ST61) was identified; however, the majority of specimens represented partial STs and some of them may belong to ST61. Other partial STs could possibly be ST74.ConclusionThis study confirmed the relatively common occurrence ofCoxiella burnetiiin small ruminant herds in Poland. Interestingly, all genotyped samples represent cattle-associated MLVA genotypes.
IL-35 subunit EBI3 alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing DNA enrichment of STAT3
Authors: Chen Donghong , Zheng Guofeng , Yang Qing , Luo Le , Shen Jinglian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIL-35 subunit EBI3 is up-regulated in pulmonary fibrosis tissues. In this study, we investigated the pathological role of EBI3 in pulmonary fibrosis and dissected the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsBleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was established, and samples were performed gene expression analyses through RNAseq, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Wild type and EBI3 knockout mice were exposed to bleomycin to investigate the pathological role of IL-35, via lung function and gene expression analyses. Primary lung epithelial cells were used to dissect the regulatory mechanism of EBI3 on STAT1/STAT4 and STAT3.ResultsIL-35 was elevated in both human and mouse with pulmonary fibrosis. EBI3 knockdown aggravated the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. EBI3 deficiency enhanced the expressions of fibrotic and extracellular matrix-associated genes. Mechanistically, IL-35 activated STAT1 and STAT4, which in turn suppressed DNA enrichment of STAT3 and inhibited the fibrosis process.ConclusionIL-35 might be one of the potential therapeutic targets for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Prevalence of low alkaline phosphatase activity in laboratory assessment: Is hypophosphatasia an underdiagnosed disease?
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Schmidt Constantin , Amling Michael , Kramer Jan , Barvencik Florian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) encoded by the ALPL gene is of particular importance for bone mineralization. Mutation in the ALPL gene can lead to persistent low ALP activity resulting in the rare disease Hypophosphatasia (HPP) that is characterized by disturbed bone and dental mineralization. While severe forms are extremely rare with an estimated prevalence of 1/100.000, recent studies suggest that moderate form caused by heterozygous mutations are much more frequent with an estimated prevalence of 1/508. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low AP levels in the population based on laboratory measurements.

Methods
In this study, the prevalence of low AP activity and elevated pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) levels was analyzed in 6.918.126 measurements from 2011 to 2016 at a single laboratory in northern Germany. Only laboratory values of subjects older than 18 years of age were included. Only the first measurement was included, all repeated values were excluded.

Results
In total, 8.46% of the measurements of a total of 6.918.126 values showed a value < 30 U/L. 0.59% of the subjects with an ALP activity below 30 U/L had an additional PLP measurement. Here, 6.09% showed elevated pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) levels. This suggest that 0.52% (1:194) of subjects show laboratory signs of HPP.

Conclusion
These data support the genetic estimation that the prevalence of moderate forms of HPP may be significantly higher than expected. Based on these data, we recommend automatically measurement of PLP in the case of low ALP activity and a notification to the ordering physician that HPP should be included in the differential diagnosis and further exploration is recommended.
The cost-utility of early use of high-flow nasal cannula in bronchiolitis
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Acuña-Cordero Ranniery , Rodriguez-Martinez Carlos E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen is a non-invasive ventilation system that was introduced as an alternative to CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), with a marked increase in its use in pediatric care settings. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early use of HFNC compared to oxygen by nasal cannula in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting.

Methods
A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of HFNC compared with oxygen by nasal cannula (control strategy) in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting. Cost data were obtained from a retrospective study on bronchiolitis from tertiary centers in Rionegro, Colombia, while utilities were collected from the literature.

Results
The QALYs per patient calculated in the base-case model were 0.9141 (95% CI 0.913–0.915) in the HFNC and 0.9105 (95% CI 0.910–0.911) in control group. The cost per patient was US$368 (95% CI US$ 323–411) in HFNC and US$441 (95% CI US$ 384–498) per patient in the control group.

Conclusions
HFNC was cost-effective HFNC compared to oxygen by nasal cannula in an infant with bronchiolitis in the emergency setting. The use of this technology in emergency settings will allow a more efficient use of resources, especially in low-resource countries with high prevalence of bronchiolitis .
Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows
Authors: Beuckelaere Lisa , De Visscher Anneleen , Souza Fernando Nogueira , Meyer Evelyne , Haesebrouck Freddy , Piepers Sofie , De Vliegher Sarne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough extensive research has been performed on bovine non-aureusstaphylococci (NAS), several aspects such as bacteria-host interaction remain largely unstudied. Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100 000 or 10 000 000 CFU of the udder-adaptedS. chromogenesIM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, sinceS. chromogenesIM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing.S. chromogenesIM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10 000 000 CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-γ levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized withS. chromogenesIM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.
Greater wing of sphenoid, the home for aneurysmal bone cysts: a case report
Authors: Mahakul Dibya Jyoti , Sharma Prashant 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Finding an aneurysmal bone cyst in the skull is rare and for a neurosurgeon to come across such lesions in the sphenoid bone with orbital extension is even rarer.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 16-year female who presented with a three-month history of headache, proptosis, and deterioration of vision. Pre-operative imaging studies which included NCCT head and MRI brain, suggested the lesion to be an aneurysmal bone cyst of the greater wing of the sphenoid, with extension into the orbit. Intraoperative findings did corroborate with the preoperative imaging findings and were again confirmed later from the histopathology report.

Conclusion
Aneurysmal bone cysts of sphenoid bone with orbital extension, though rare, can be excised completely, without hampering the cosmesis. Being benign, patients can have a prolonged recurrence-free period if the lesion is completely excised.
Using multielectrode arrays to investigate neurodegenerative effects of the amyloid-beta peptide
Authors: Schulte Steven , Gries Manuela , Christmann Anne , Schäfer Karl-Herbert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Multielectrode arrays are widely used to analyze the effects of potentially toxic compounds, as well as to evaluate neuroprotective agents upon the activity of neural networks in short- and long-term cultures. Multielectrode arrays provide a way of non-destructive analysis of spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity, allowing to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro. Here, we provide an overview on how these devices are currently used in research on the amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder.

Main body:
Most of the studies analysed here indicate fast responses of neuronal cultures towards aggregated forms of amyloid-β, leading to increases of spike frequency and impairments of long-term potentiation. This in turn suggests that this peptide might play a crucial role in causing the typical neuronal dysfunction observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusions
Although the number of studies using multielectrode arrays to examine the effect of the amyloid-β peptide onto neural cultures or whole compartments is currently limited, they still show how this technique can be used to not only investigate the interneuronal communication in neural networks, but also making it possible to examine the effects onto synaptic currents. This makes multielectrode arrays a powerful tool in future research on neurodegenerative diseases.
Interview with Natalia Fedorova
Authors: Bernstein Charles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
St. Petersburg new media artist, writer, literary scholar, and translator (PhD in literary theory from Herzen State University) Natalia Fedorova published this interview with Bernstein in Russian in Translit (Moscow), a key journal of innovative poetics, in 2013. Bernstein discusses his connection to Russian poets, starting with Arkadii Dragomoshchenko. He also addresses the way the Cold War torqued the reception of Russian modernist poetry, using Mandelstam as an example.