bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the habitat choice of pangolins (Manisspp.) in low land of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Arati , Bhattarai Santosh , Shrestha Binod , Koju Narayan Prasad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPangolins in the genusManisare nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Two species of pangolins are found in Nepal: the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Despite having high conservation priority, little attention has been given to conservation interventions of both species of pangolins found in the Terai region (low land) of Nepal. The present study assesses habitat use and factors affecting the habitat choice of pangolins in low land (Terai), Nepal, focusing on Amritdharapani Community Forest of Chitwan district. Pangolin burrows were used as the indirect signs, and opportunistic sampling method was used to record the burrows. After the identification of all occurrence sites (burrows) in the field, random points were generated excluding the points where burrows were recorded for sampling of nonoccurrence sites. A total of thirty‐nine burrows were observed at elevations ranging from 301 to 413 masl. Burrows were frequently associated with northwest aspects, gentle slope (15°–20°), moderate canopy cover (51%–75%), red‐colored soil, and acidic soils with pH 6.5–7. The burrows were most common in areas with weak human disturbance (i.e., 1,500–1,700 m from settlements), 800–1,200 m from roads, and within 300 m from a water source and within 20 m from the nearest termitarium. Distance to settlement, distance to road, soil pH, and canopy cover were found to affect the habitat choice of pangolins in the study area.
Kinetic study on solute permeation at the interface of molecular aggregates by partial filling capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Nakajima Mari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMoment analysis method using partial filling CE was developed for the kinetic study on solute permeation at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates. Moment equations for partial filling CE were developed by classifying CE systems into five categories according to the migration velocities of solute and molecular aggregate. The method was applied to the study on the dissolution of electrically neutral solutes into SDS micelles. Elution peaks were measured by partial filling CE while changing the concentration of SDS and the filling ratio of SDS micellar zone to the capillary (ϕM). Partition equilibrium constants (Kp) and rate constants of interfacial solute permeation of SDS micelles (kin and kout) were determined from the first absolute and second central moments of the elution peaks by using the moment equations. Their values were comparable irrespective of ϕM and were almost the same as those previously measured by complete filling CE. The positive correlation of Kp with the hydrophobicity of the solutes was explained in terms of the change in kin and kout. It was demonstrated that the moment analysis method using partial filling CE is effective for studying solute permeation kinetics at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates.
Continuing Persistence and Biomagnification of DDT and Metabolites in Northern Temperate Fruit Orchard Avian Food Chains
Authors: Kesic Robert , Elliott John E. , Fremlin Kate M. , Gauthier Lewis , Drouillard Kenneth G. , Bishop Christine A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used from the late 1940s to the 1970s in fruit orchards in the Okanagan valley, British Columbia, Canada, and in the process, contaminated American robin (Turdus migratorius) food chains with the parent compound and metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene) (p,p′-DDE). In the present study, we examined the biological fate of these DDT-related (DDT-r) compounds at the same sites/region 26 years after a previous study by: (1) collecting soil, earthworms, and American robin eggs from apple, cherry, and pear orchards; (2) characterizing the diet and trophic positions of our biota using stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N; and (3) estimating fugacity, biota-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), and biomagnification factors (BMFs). Mean p,p′-DDE concentrations (soil: 16.1 µg/g organic carbon-lipid equivalent; earthworms: 96.5 µg/g lipid equivalent; eggs: 568 µg/g lipid equivalent) revealed that contamination is present at elevated levels similar to the 1990s and our average soil DDE:DDT ratio of 1.42 confirmed that DDT is slowly degrading. American robins appeared to feed at similar trophic levels, but on different earthworms as indicated by egg stable isotope values (mean δ15N = 8.51‰ ± 0.25; δ13C = −26.32‰ ± 0.12). Lumbricidae and Aporrectodea worms shared a roughly similar δ15N value; however, Lumbricus terrestris showed a markedly enriched δ13C isotope, suggesting differences in organic matter consumption and physiological bioavailability. Biota-soil-accumulation factors and BMFs ranged over several orders of magnitude and were generally &gt;1 and our fugacity analyses suggested that p,p′-DDE is still thermodynamically biomagnifying in American robin food chains. Our results demonstrate that DDT-r in fruit orchards remains bioavailable to free-living terrestrial passerines and may pose a potential toxicological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3379–3391. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Abstract
American robins nesting in apple, cherry, and pear fruit orchards in the Okanagan valley region of British Columbia, Canada are still being exposed to elevated dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane-related concentrations via a soil-earthworm-egg food chain.
The Sensitivity of a Unionid Mussel (Lampsilis Siliquoidea) to a Permitted Effluent and Elevated Potassium in the Effluent
Authors: Kunz James L. , Wang Ning , Martinez David , Dunn Suzanne , Cleveland Danielle , Steevens Jeffery A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world and are among the most sensitive species to a variety of chemicals. However, little is known about the sensitivity of freshwater mussels to wastewater effluents. The objectives of the present study were to (1) assess the toxicity of a permitted effluent, which entered the Deep Fork River, Oklahoma (USA), to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and to two standard test species (cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia; and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas) in short-term 7-day effluent tests; (2) evaluate the relative sensitivities of the three species to potassium (K), an elevated major ion in the effluent, using 7-day toxicity tests with KCl spiked into a Deep Fork River upstream reference water; (3) determine the potential influences of background water characteristics on the acute K toxicity to the mussel (96-h exposures) and cladoceran (48-h exposure) in four reconstituted waters that mimicked the hardness and ionic composition ranges of the Deep Fork River; and (4) determine the potential influence of temperature on acute K toxicity to the mussel. The effluent was found to be toxic to mussels and cladocerans, and it contained elevated concentrations of major cations and anions relative to the upstream Deep Fork River reference water. The K concentration in the effluent was 48-fold greater than in the upstream water. Compared with the standard species, the mussel was more than 4-fold more sensitive to the effluent in the 7-day effluent tests and more than 8-fold more sensitive to K in the 7-day K toxicity tests. The acute K toxicity to the mussel decreased by a factor of 2 when the water hardness was increased from soft (42 mg/L as CaCO3) to very hard (314 mg/L as CaCO3), whereas the acute K toxicity to the cladoceran remained almost the same as hardness increased from 84 to 307 mg/L as CaCO3. Acute K toxicity to the mussel at 23 °C was similar to the toxicity at an elevated temperature of 28 °C. The overall results indicate that the two standard test species may not represent the sensitivity of the tested mussel to both the effluent and K, and the toxicity of K was influenced by the hardness in test waters, but by a limited magnitude. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3410–3420. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Bestimmung der Abrasivität von Festgesteinen mit dem LCPC‐Versuch – Empfehlung Nr. 24 des Arbeitskreises 3.3 – Versuchstechnik Fels – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V.
Authors: Käsling Heiko , Düllmann Jan , Plinninger Ralf J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis AK 3.3 „Versuchstechnik Fels“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. erarbeitet Empfehlungen für felsmechanische Labor‐ und Feldversuche sowie Messungen im Gebirge und an Bauwerken. Die vorliegende Empfehlung Nr. 24 behandelt den LCPC‐Versuch an Festgesteinen. Es werden die Anforderungen an die Prüfeinrichtung und die Probenaufbereitung sowie die Vorgehensweise für die Durchführung und Auswertung von LCPC‐Versuchen festgelegt.Der LCPC‐Versuch wurde vom Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées entwickelt und dient der Klassifizierung der Abrasivität und der Brechbarkeit eines Gesteins. Die vorliegende Empfehlung berücksichtigt die französische Norm NF P 18‐579:2013‐02 [1], geht jedoch hinsichtlich Versuchsdurchführung und ‐auswertung über diese hinaus. Beim LCPC‐Versuch wird ein Indexwert für die Abrasivität und Brechbarkeit eines Festgesteins bestimmt, indem ein definierter Prüfflügel aus Stahl unter vorgegebener Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit für eine definierte Dauer dem Kontakt mit einer granular aufbereiteten Probe ausgesetzt wird. Als Maß für die Abrasivität des Ausgangsgesteins wird die Abnutzung des Prüfflügels gemessen. Darüber hinaus kann aus der Korngrößenveränderung der Ausgangsprobe ein Indexwert für die Brechbarkeit ermittelt werden.
Clinical predictors of internal carotid artery blowout in patients with radiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xu Xinni , Ong Yew Kwang , Loh Woei Shyang , Anil Gopinathan , Yap Qai Ven , Loh Kwok Seng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective is to identify clinical predictors of internal carotid artery (ICA) blowout in radiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsSeventeen ICA blowouts, 14 external carotid artery (ECA) bleeds, and 60 controls were identified from January 1, 2007 to July 31, 2020. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify features predictive of ICA blowouts.ResultsHeadache was significantly more common among ICA blowouts than ECA bleeds and controls (58.8% vs. 7.1% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.001). The petrous skull base and sphenoid sinus lateral wall was eroded in all petrous and cavernous segment blowouts, respectively. Nasoendoscopy showing exposed clivus (OR 20.5, 95%CI 1.3–324.2) and computed tomography demonstrating skull base erosion (OR 17.8, 95%CI 1.0–311.0) were significantly associated with ICA blowouts compared to controls.ConclusionsFindings of headache and skull base erosion on nasoendoscopy or imaging during NPC surveillance warrants prophylactic intervention to avoid an ICA blowout.
Association between fish oil supplementation and cancer risk according to fatty fish consumption: A large prospective population‐based cohort study using UK Biobank
Authors: Liu Zheran , Luo Yaxin , Ren Jianjun , Yang Lianlian , Li Juejin , Wei Zhigong , He Yan , Wang Jingjing , Li Ruidan , He Ling , Mu Xiaoli , Huang Yan , Song Huan , Hu Xiaolin , Peng Xingchen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhether regular fish oil supplementation is associated with cancer risk is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association of fish oil supplementation on cancer risk according to fatty fish consumption patterns. From the UK Biobank cohort, 470 804 participants with fish oil supplementation data were included. A total of 147 316 individuals with fish oil supplementation were in the exposed group; the other 323 488 were in the unexposed group. No association was found between self‐report regular fish oil supplementation and overall cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 0.95‐1). Stratified by fatty fish consumption level, we found the association between fish oil supplementation and lower cancer risk in participants who consumed fatty fish less than two times per week, with association noted for both overall cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94‐0.99) and some specific cancers (colon cancer: HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75‐0.94; hepatobiliary cancer: HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58‐0.96; lung cancer: HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78‐0.98). On the contrary, a higher risk of breast cancer was observed (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.32) in participants who consumed fatty fish at least two times per week. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to refine recommendations for nutritional supplements according to inherent diet habits.
Assessing provider performance of intrapartum care using simulated encounters and clinical vignettes: A comparison study from Tanzania
Authors: Young Anna Marie P. , Marx Melissa A. , Frost Emily , Hazel Elizabeth , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M. , Mohan Diwakar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical vignettes and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) as methods for assessing the quality of intrapartum care among skilled providers in rural primary‐level health facilities in Tanzania.MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted at six health facilities in the Simiyu region of Tanzania. Providers were assessed using OSCE and clinical vignettes in spontaneous delivery, neonatal resuscitation, and management of postpartum hemorrhage. Trained researchers used a structured clinical checklist. The frequencies of items are presented as percentages and the agreement of the methods of assessment are reported using kappa statistics (high: kappa > 0.80, moderate: kappa = 0.60–0.80, low: kappa < 0.60).ResultsMost healthcare providers were female (60.7%), registered nurses by training (29.0%), and worked in a dispensary (56.1%), with an average age of 33 years and an average of 7.4 years of experience in their respective professions. Five items had high agreement between OSCE and clinical vignettes: postpartum vital signs every 15 min, oxytocin within 1 min of birth, diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage, elevating legs of the mother, and deciding on manual compression of the uterus.ConclusionOSCE and clinical vignettes should be viewed as complimentary to one another in the assessment of provider knowledge and skill, with priority given to OSCE, particularly in intrapartum care.
Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury recurrence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barba Marta , Bernasconi Davide P. , Manodoro Stefano , Frigerio Matteo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWomen with previous obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are at a higher risk of recurrence in the subsequent pregnancy, which may lead to the development or worsening of anal incontinence. Due to a lack of evidence, few recommendations can be made about the factors that may affect the risk of OASI recurrence.ObjectiveWe sought to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate potential risk factors for recurrent OASIs.Search strategyStudies up to May 2019 were identified from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science.Selection criteriaStudies assessing the impact of risk factors on OASI recurrence in subsequent pregnancies were included. Reviews, letters to the editor, conference abstracts, book chapters, guidelines, Cochrane reviews, and expert opinions were excluded.Data collection and analysisData were extracted by two independent reviewers. Odds ratio and standardized mean difference were chosen as effect measures. Pooled estimates were calculated using the random‐effects model.Main resultsThe meta‐analysis showed that maternal age, gestational age, occiput posterior presentation, oxytocin augmentation, operative delivery, and shoulder dystocia were associated with the risk of recurrent OASIs in the subsequent delivery.ConclusionPrenatal and intrapartum risk factors are associated with recurrence of OASI.PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020178125.
The lethal effect of the second wave of COVID‐19 on pregnant women: a matter of concern
Authors: Khoiwal Kavita , Agarwal Anchal , Mittal Anmol , Gaurav Amrita , Chawla Latika , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Bahadur Anupama , Chaturvedi Jaya 
Published: September 2021

SynopsisThe lethal second wave of COVID‐19 hit pregnant women terribly with regards to disease severity, requirement of invasive ventilation, and maternal mortality.
The role of hydrogen‐based power systems in the energy transition of the residential sector
Authors: Maestre Víctor M , Ortiz Alfredo , Ortiz Inmaculada 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe unsustainable and continuous growth of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has pushed governments, private companies and stakeholders to adopt measures and policies to fight against climate change. Within this framework, increasing the contribution of renewable energy sources (RES) to final consumed energy plays a key role in the planned energy transition. Regarding the residential sector in Europe, 92% of GHG emissions comes from 75% of the building stock that is over 25 years old, and highly inefficient. Thus, this sector must raise RES penetration from the current 36% to 77% by 2050 to comply with emissions targets. In this regard, the hybridization of hydrogen‐based technologies and RES represents a reliable and versatile solution to facilitate decarbonization of the residential sector. This study provides an overview and analysis of standalone renewable hydrogen‐based systems (RHS) focusing on the residential and buildings sector, as well as critical infrastructures like telecom stations, data servers, etc. For detailed evaluation of RHS, several pilot plants and real demonstration plants implemented worldwide are reviewed. To this end, a techno‐economic assessment of relevant parameters like self‐sufficiency ratio, levelized cost of energy and hydrogen roundtrip efficiency is provided. Moreover, the performance of the different configurations is evaluated by comparing the installed power of each component and their energy contribution to cover the load over a defined period of time. Challenges ahead are identified for the wider deployment of RHS in the residential and buildings sector. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Prediction models for child and adolescent mental health: A systematic review of methodology and reporting in recent research
Authors: Senior Morwenna , Fanshawe Thomas , Fazel Mina , Fazel Seena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a rapid growth in the publication of new prediction models relevant to child and adolescent mental health. However, before their implementation into clinical services, it is necessary to appraise the quality of their methods and reporting. We conducted a systematic review of new prediction models in child and adolescent mental health, and examined their development and validation.MethodWe searched five databases for studies developing or validating multivariable prediction models for individuals aged 18 years old or younger from 1 January 2018 to 18 February 2021. Quality of reporting was assessed using the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction models for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis checklist, and quality of methodology using items based on expert guidance and the PROBAST tool.ResultsWe identified 100 eligible studies: 41 developing a new prediction model, 48 validating an existing model and 11 that included both development and validation. Most publications (k = 75) reported a model discrimination measure, while 26 investigations reported calibration. Of 52 new prediction models, six (12%) were for suicidal outcomes, 18 (35%) for future diagnosis, five (10%) for child maltreatment. Other outcomes included violence, crime, and functional outcomes. Eleven new models (21%) were developed for use in high‐risk populations. Of development studies, around a third were sufficiently statistically powered (k = 16%, 31%), while this was lower for validation investigations (k = 12, 25%). In terms of performance, the discrimination (as measured by the C‐statistic) for new models ranged from 0.57 for a tool predicting ADHD diagnosis in an external validation sample to 0.99 for a machine learning model predicting foster care permanency.ConclusionsAlthough some tools have recently been developed for child and adolescent mental health for prognosis and child maltreatment, none can be currently recommended for clinical practice due to a combination of methodological limitations and poor model performance. New work needs to use ensure sufficient sample sizes, representative samples, and testing of model calibration.
Antimicrobial and antiproliferative study of chalcone clubbed 2,4‐dimethylpyrrole‐3‐carboxamide derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Rasal Nishant Kisan , Jagtap Sangeeta Vijay , Bhange Dattatraya Soma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presented study explores the anticancer potency of a novel series of chalcone clubbed 2,4‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxamide derivatives. In vitro antimicrobial screening concluded that five compounds are potential against Candida albicans having inhibition of growth in the range of 46.38%–73.05% against at the concentration of 32 μg/mL. The antiproliferative screening against 60 cancer cell lines revealed that seven compounds have great potential against the various types of cancer cell lines with inhibition of growth in the range of 41%–71%. The structure–activity relationship study concluded that the hydrazide bond is more significant than the carboxamide bond. In silico study of highly potential derivatives obeys each parameter of Lipinski rule of five and qualified drug‐likeness behavior. The presented pyrrole‐chalcone template delivered various candidates as anticancer agents, and those could be a potential scaffold to develop the new anticancer drug.
Total synthesis of xylapeptide B [Cyclo‐(L‐Leu‐L‐Pro‐N‐Me‐Phe‐L‐Val‐D‐Ala)]
Authors: Kurnia Dessy Yulyani , Maharani Rani , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Al‐Anshori Jamaludin , Wiani Ika , Mayanti Tri , Nurlelasari  , Harneti Desi , Supratman Unang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractXylapeptide B is a cyclopentapeptide isolated from Xylaria sp. derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis. Xylapeptide B was successfully synthesized by a combination of solid‐ and solution‐phase, using the Fmoc strategy, and 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin. The coupling reagent used is a combination of HBTU/HOBt to assist in the formation of amide bonds. D‐Ala was chosen as the C‐terminal because it has a small residue and can facilitate the cyclization process. Linear peptide was cleaved from the resin using a dilute acid concentration of 20% TFA in DCM because the peptide has no protecting group at the side chain. Crude linear peptide was purified by semi‐preparative RP‐HPLC using 0%–100% ACN eluent for 35 min and obtained a pure mass of 22.4 mg (18.83%). Cyclization was carried out in solution phase using HBTU (3 eq.) and DIPEA (1% v/v) in diluted concentration (1.25 mM) for 72 h at room temperature. The cyclization stage was monitored by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). Crude xylapeptide B was purified by semi‐preparative RP‐HPLC using 30%–80% ACN eluent for 40 min, to result in 6 mg (8.91%) of the desired xylapeptide B. All synthesized products were characterized by HR‐TOFMS, 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR.