bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of the aetiological agent of sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil
Authors: Paes Simone Albino , Rosado André Wilson Campos , Reis Ailton , Pereira Olinto Liparini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Brazil, sour rot is an important postharvest disease on fruits and vegetables. Geotrichum candidum (synonym Galactomyces candidus) has been reported as the main species causing this disease. However, the identity of the causal agent is still uncertain. This research aimed to determine the identity of 165 fungal isolates associated with sour rot obtained from fruits and vegetables in Brazil, and to evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the incidence of sour rot on artificially inoculated tomato fruits. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and morphological analyses, 129 samples belonged to Galactomyces candidus, 15 to G. candidum var. citri‐aurantii, 6 to G. phurueaense, 2 to Gal. pseudocandidus, 1 to Hyphopichia burtonii, 1 to H. khmerensis, 3 to Saccharomycopsis crataegensis, 1 to S. vini, 1 to Magnusiomyces tetrasperma, 1 to Trichosporon coremiiforme, and 1 to Zygoascus meyerae. Two new species were found, namely, Geotrichum solani (on potato) and Geotrichum spondiadis (on red mombin). All isolates were pathogenic when inoculated on healthy tomato fruits, including the new species of Geotrichum, which were also inoculated into their respective hosts, that is, potatoes and red mombins. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of five other genera besides Geotrichum associated with sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil, which demonstrates the diversity of fungi and yeasts associated with this disease.
Does affiliation to a cross‐sectorial lung team impact well‐being, health‐related quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and depression and patient involvement in patients with COPD? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Iversen Birgit Refsgaard , Løkke Anders , Bregnballe Vibeke , Rodkjær Lotte Ørneborg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease causing limitations in daily life. A cross‐sectorial lung team was established for COPD patients at risk of hospitalisation due to exacerbation of COPD.AimsTo investigate the impact of affiliation to a cross‐sectorial lung team on well‐being, health‐related quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and depression and patient involvement in patients with severe COPD.MethodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted from September 2017 to March 2020. In total, 109 patients were included for analysis in the study: 53 patients were affiliated to a cross‐sectorial lung team and 56 patients received usual care. The patients were included for 1 year. Data were collected at baseline and at follow‐up after 1 year. Data were collected using COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol 5‐Dimensions (EQ‐5D) and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC).ResultsThe questionnaire response rate was between 84% and 96%. No statistically significant differences were detected between patients affiliated to the cross‐sectorial lung team and patients receiving usual care, in either patient's well‐being, health‐related quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and depression, or patient involvement. However, CAT‐total score decreased with −0.21(95%CI: −1.63; 1.20) for patients affiliated to the cross‐sectorial lung team and increased with 1.44(95%CI; −0.11; 3.00) for patients receiving usual care.ConclusionAffiliation to the cross‐sectorial lung team seems safe as it did not deteriorate the patients' well‐being, symptoms of anxiety and depression, health‐related quality of life or patient involvement. Further research is needed and interviewing patients to obtain more knowledge on their experiences might be preferable.
The impact of regular activity and exercise intensity on the acute effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function
Authors: Engeroff Tobias , Banzer Winfried , Niederer Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Beneficial acute effects of resistance exercise on cognitive functions may be modified by exercise intensity or by habitual physical activity. Twenty‐six participants (9 female and 17 male; 25.5 ± 3.4 years) completed four resistance exercise interventions in a randomized order on separate days (≥48 h washout). The intensities were set at 60%, 75%, and 90% of the one repetition maximum (1RM). Three interventions had matched workloads (equal resistance*nrepetitions). One intervention applied 75% of the 1RM and a 50% reduced workload (resistance*nrepetitions = 50%). Cognitive attention (Trail Making Test A—TMTA), task switching (Trail Making Test B—TMTB), and working memory (Digit Reading Spans Backward) were assessed before and immediately after exercise. Habitual activity was assessed as MET hours per week using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. TMTB time to completion was significantly shorter after exercise with an intensity of 60% 1RM and 75% 1RM and 100% workload. Friedman test indicated a significant effect of exercise intensity in favor of 60% 1RM. TMTA performance was significantly shorter after exercise with an intensity of 60% 1RM, 90% 1RM, and 75% 1RM (50% workload). Habitual activity with vigorous intensity correlated positively with the baseline TMTB and Digit Span Forward performance but not with pre‐ to post‐intervention changes. Task switching, based on working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibition, was beneficially influenced by acute exercise with moderate intensity whereas attention performance was increased after exercise with moderate and vigorous intensity. The effect of regular activity had no impact on acute exercise effects.
Uncalculated first‐party externalities given a beverage tax
Authors: Zeiss Jessica , Carlson Les , Ball A. Dwayne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith many characterizingobesity as a national priority, the U.S. Government is considering a 1, 2, or 3 cents‐per‐ounce (cpo) federal sin tax on soda products. Because prior research finds that consumers substitute equally, if not more, dangerous nicotine products with a tobacco sin tax and common alcohol‐like household goods with alcohol prohibition, this research sets out to determine whether the imposition of a soda sin tax produces similar first‐party externalities.MethodAdaptive conjoint analysis is utilized among respondents across several regions of the United States, including actual soda consumers.ResultsThis study finds that given a soda sin tax, soda consumers do not substitute healthier beverages, that is, beverages with relatively fewer calories and grams of sugar and sodium, such as water, pure fruit juice, or unsweetened tea. Instead, soda consumers switch to other sugary beverages not considered in most legislation, such as sweetened coffees, teas, or sports drinks, or continue consuming soda at tax rates of 2 and 3 cpo after the shock of a 1 cent tax wears off.ConclusionUnlike prior research examining decreased soda consumption across a general marketplace, this research offers insight into potential externalities among the key transacting actors in such an exchange: soda consumers.
Finite Element Welding Residual Stress Analysis of CRDM Penetration Nozzles
Authors: Kim Seung-Jae , Park Eui-Kyun , Bae Hong-Yeol , Kim Ju-Hee , Huh Nam-Su , Kim Yun-Jae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article investigates numerically welding residual stress distributions of a tube with J-groove weld in control rod drive mechanisms of a pressurized nuclear reactor vessel. Parametric study is performed for the effect of the tube location, tube dimensions, and material's yield strength. It is found that residual stresses increase with increasing the inclination angle of the tube, and the up-hill side is the most critical. For thicker tube, residual stresses decrease. For material's yield strength, both axial and hoop residual stresses tend to increase with increasing the yield strength of Alloy 600. Furthermore, axial stresses tend to increase with increasing yield strength of Alloys 82/182.
Slip-Clutch Torque Estimation via Real-Time Adaptive Lookup Table
Authors: Wei Wenpeng , Dourra Hussein , Zhu Guoming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transfer case clutch is crucial in determining traction torque distribution between front and rear tires for four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicles. Estimating time-varying clutch surface friction coefficient is critical for traction torque control since it is proportional to the clutch output torque. As a result, this paper proposes a real-time adaptive lookup table strategy to provide the time-varying clutch surface friction coefficient. Specifically, the clutch-parameter-dependent (such as clutch output torque and clutch touchpoint distance) friction coefficient is first estimated with available low-cost vehicle sensors (such as wheel speed and vehicle acceleration); and then a clutch-parameter-independent approach is developed for clutch friction coefficient through a one-dimensional lookup table. The table nodes are adaptively updated based on a fast recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. Furthermore, the effectiveness of adaptive lookup table is demonstrated by comparing the estimated clutch torque from adaptive lookup table with that estimated from vehicle dynamics, which achieves 14.8 Nm absolute mean squared error (AMSE) and 2.66% relative mean squared error (RMSE).
Guidelines for Designing Micropillar Structures for Enhanced Evaporative Heat Transfer
Authors: Guye Kidus , Dong De , Kim Yunseo , Lee Hyoungsoon , Dogruoz Baris , Agonafer Damena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the last several decades, cooling technologies have been developed to address the growing thermal challenges associated with high-powered electronics. However, within the next several years, the heat generated by these devices is predicted to exceed 1 kW/cm2, and traditional methods, such as air cooling, are limited in their capacities to dissipate such high heat fluxes. In contrast, two-phase cooling methods, such as microdroplet evaporation, are very promising due to the large latent heat of vaporization associated with the phase change process. Previous studies have shown that nonaxisymmetric droplets have different evaporation characteristics than spherical droplets. The solid–liquid and liquid–vapor interfacial areas, volume, contact angle, and thickness of a droplet confined atop a micropillar are the primary parameters that influence evaporative heat transport. These parameters have a strong influence on both the conduction and diffusion resistance during the evaporation process. For example, a droplet with a higher liquid–vapor interfacial area will favorably increase heat transfer. Increased droplet thickness, on the other hand, has a detrimental influence on the evaporation rate. The dimensions of these droplets will vary in response to changes in each of the aforementioned parameters. Lowering the droplet thickness can be achieved by decreasing the liquid volume while maintaining a constant solid–liquid area. However, if the solid–liquid area and volume vary simultaneously, the average droplet thickness may increase, decrease, or remain constant. Furthermore, changes in the shape of the droplet modify the local equilibrium contact angle of the droplet for different azimuthal angles. As a result, the optimal combination of these parameters must be identified to maximize the heat transfer performance of an evaporating microdroplet. These droplet parameters can be manipulated by selecting different micropillar cross sections. In this work, we develop a shape optimization tool using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to maximize evaporation from a droplet confined atop a micropillar. The tool is used to optimize the shape of a nonaxisymmetric droplet. Compared to droplets atop circular and regular equilateral triangular micropillar structures, we find that droplets confined on pseudo-triangular micropillar structures have 23.7% and 5.7% higher heat transfer coefficients, respectively. The results of this work will advance the design of microstructures that support droplets with maximum heat transfer performance.
Vibration Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plant Containment Buildings During the Integrated Leakage Rate Test for Structural Condition Assessment
Authors: Eiras J. N. , Payan C. , Rakotonarivo S. , Spalvier A. , Garnier V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the use of the operational vibrations produced during the Integrated Leak Rate Test of nuclear power plant containment buildings for further informing on its mechanical condition. The experiment is performed on a 1:3-scale containment building mock-up. The results show that meaningful vibrations were generated during the pressurization test. Different features were extracted from the vibration signals and analyzed as a function of the internal pressure. Experimental modal analysis was performed and demonstrated that several frequency peaks generated during the pressurization cycle effectively corresponded to the eigenmodes of the containment building. The identified operational frequency modes exhibited remarkable hysteretic dependencies on the internal pressure. The latter was phenomenologically described through a simplified two-dimensional (2D) finite element model of the vessel. Besides, a surrogate statistical model based on the Principal Component Analysis of the vibration data was proposed as a baseline and so detect abnormal behavior. Then, different synthetic damage scenarios were created by subtlety altering the recorded signals and ultimately substantiate the capability of the statistical model to detect these odd signals. Finally, conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of using mechanical vibrations for assisting in the licensing process of nuclear power plants and monitor the structural health condition of in-service containment buildings.
Effects of Aging and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Behavior of Al7075 Alloy
Authors: Mavi Ahmet , Kaplan Yavuz , Aksoz Sinan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of aging and deep cryogenic treatment applied to Al7075 alloy on hardness and wear behavior. In this context, two different categories were created for the aging process. For the first group, after solutionizing the samples at 520 °C for 2 h, aging was applied at 120 °C for 12 h to reach 177 HV hardness. In the second group, after solutionizing at 520 °C for 2 h, the aging process was applied at 200 °C for 8 h to reach a hardness value of 164 HV. In addition, deep cryogenic treatment (12 h, 24 h, and 36 h at −140 °C) was applied to the samples after the solutionizing and aging processes. The pin-on-disc wear test was carried out according to the ASTM G99 standard in order to examine the effects of the aging and cryogenic processes on wear behavior. The highest wear resistance was obtained with the Al7075 sample aged at 120 °C for 12 h followed by the 12-h deep cryogenic treatment. Hardness values and wear test results showed that the applied cryogenic process had positively affected the wear behavior.
Identifying undercompensated groups defined by multiple attributes in risk adjustment
Authors: Zink Anna , Rose Sherri 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo identify undercompensated groups in plan payment risk adjustment that are defined by multiple attributes with a systematic new approach, improving on the arbitrary and inconsistent nature of existing evaluations.MethodsExtending the concept of variable importance for single attributes, we construct a measure of ‘group importance’ in the random forests algorithm to identify groups with multiple attributes that are undercompensated by current risk adjustment formulas. Using 2016–2018 IBM MarketScan and 2015–2018 Medicare claims and enrolment data, we evaluate two risk adjustment scenarios: the risk adjustment formula used in the individual health insurance Marketplaces and the risk adjustment formula used in Medicare.ResultsA number of previously unidentified groups with multiple chronic conditions are undercompensated in the Marketplaces risk adjustment formula, while groups without chronic conditions tend to be overcompensated in the Marketplaces. The magnitude of undercompensation when defining groups with multiple attributes is many times larger than with single attributes. No complex groups were found to be consistently undercompensated or overcompensated in the Medicare risk adjustment formula.ConclusionsOur method is effective at identifying complex undercompensated groups in health plan payment risk adjustment where undercompensation creates incentives for insurers to discriminate against these groups. This work provides policy-makers with new information on potential targets of discrimination in the healthcare system and a path towards more equitable health coverage.
Turning a threat into an opportunity: British American Tobacco’s weakening of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
Authors: Gomis Benoît , Gallagher Allen William Andrew , Rowell Andy , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPrevious research has outlined transnational tobacco company (TTC) efforts to undermine implementation of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products (Protocol) and evidence of ongoing TTC complicity in the illicit tobacco trade (ITT). However, the industry’s views on the Protocol and role in its development are not well understood.MethodsSystematic searching and analysis of leaked documents—approximately 15 000 from British American Tobacco (BAT) and 35 from Philip Morris International, triangulated via searches of online resources and interviews with five stakeholders across academia, international organisations, governments, civil society and the private sector.FindingsEvidence indicates that after privately viewing the Protocol as a significant threat (2003), BAT worked to influence its content, while publicly signalling support for it (2007–2012), and was largely satisfied with the final text. BAT successfully pushed for a non-prescriptive text which enabled further country-level TTC influence during the Protocol’s implementation phase. The final text also reflected other BAT policy preferences, including preventing outright bans on duty-free sales and intermingling, and making it difficult to sanction and hold tobacco companies accountable for ongoing involvement in the ITT. TTC representatives were present during early Protocol negotiations, despite rules against this, and BAT obtained draft texts before they were public and paid at least one delegate to support its position.ConclusionsBAT’s primary interest in shaping the Protocol was to minimise its financial and legal costs for BAT while maximising potential costs to small competitors. These findings raise concern about the Protocol’s ability to control the ITT, particularly given TTCs’ intention to influence ongoing national implementation. An effective Protocol is vital to controlling both the ITT and ongoing tobacco industry involvement in it and, in turn, governments’ ability to increase tobacco taxes and thereby save lives.
Yukawa–Casimir wormholes
Authors: Garattini Remo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we consider a Yukawa modification of the Casimir wormhole. With the help of an Equation of State, we impose Zero Tidal Forces. We will examine two different approaches: in a first approach, we will fix the form of the shape function of the Casimir wormholes modified by a Yukawa term in three different ways and finally a superposition of different profiles. In the second approach, we will consider the original Casimir source modified by a Yukawa term in three different ways and we will deduce the form of the shape function In both the approaches the reference energy density will be that of the Casimir source. Connection with the Absurdly Benign Traversable Wormhole are also discussed.
OFDM PAPR Reduction Using Recurring SLM with Cyclic and Linear Block Codes Schemes
Authors: Manhas Pratima , Soni M.K 
Published: September 2021

<p class="Abstract">Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing is a type of multicarrier modulation technique which is used in various wireless &amp; telecommunication standards. In OFDM, higher data rate is split into several narrowband data stream that is transmitted simultaneously over a number of subcarriers. One major disadvantage of using OFDM is high Peak to Average power ratio. This paper presents the simulation result which compares the PAPR using SLM with Cyclic &amp; Linear block codes. The simulation study verifies that the PAPR reduction by proposed method is better than the existing technique (SLM).</p>
Design of the Monitoring System for Subway Platform Screen Doors Based on CAN Bus
Authors: Hu Caiqi 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the application layer communication protocol of CAN bus and the monitoring system for subway platform screen doors are proposed.The system framework is built, hardware of every function module for this system is selected, and the monitoring platform of epigynous machine is designed. On the basis of the above work the communication function of the monitoring system is realized, and specific flow chart s given. This system has been tested at a subway line in Shanghai. And the results prove that the system is in full compliance with industry standards and can completely meet the application requirements. The architecture plan of the system is practically proven to be valid and feasible.
Quantitative Analysis of Plant Growth Exposed to Electric Fields
Authors: Ahmad Hussein , Ahmad Mohd Hafizi , Awang Noor 'Aliaa , Zakaria Izzah Hazirah 
Published: September 2021

<p>Electromagnetic radiations present in the environment has a profound effect on the growth of vegetable plant primarily grown under the high power transmission lines. The high electric field generated due to ultra high voltage causes the increase and reduction in the size of the plants. Numerous research have been carried out to investigate the effect of electric field on the plants. However, the knowledge in term of quantitative analysis on the effect of electric field on the growth of vegetables is not entirely understood. Thus, this paper presents a study conducted to investigate the effect of high voltage DC electric fields on the young vegetables growth namely ‘Choy Sam’ and bean sprout. The experimental setup was designed which composed of two parallel plate electrodes. This research was focused on the percentage of germination and growing rate of young vegetables. The growth of the young vegetables during exposure was calculated by using statistical methods. The analysis of the results showed that the electric fields and the electric fields treated water have influenced the germination rate and height of stems of both young vegetables causing the increase in stem height.</p><p> </p>
Combining Fuzzy Logic and Dempster-Shafer Theory
Authors: Maseleno Andino , Hasan Md. Mahmud , Tuah Norjaidi 
Published: September 2021

This research aims to combine the mathematical theory of evidence with the rule based logics to refine the predictable output. Integrating Fuzzy Logic and Dempster-Shafer theory by calculating the similarity between Fuzzy membership function. The novelty aspect of this work is that basic probability assignment is proposed based on the similarity measure between membership function. The similarity between Fuzzy membership function is calculated to get a basic probability assignment. The Dempster-Shafer mathematical theory of evidence has attracted considerable attention as a promising method of dealing with some of the basic problems arising in combination of evidence and data fusion. Dempster-Shafer theory provides the ability to deal with ignorance and missing information. The foundation of Fuzzy logic is natural language which can help to make full use of expert information.