bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social representations of the undernourished child and health‐seeking behaviour in Nepal: From othering to different types of otherness
Authors: Caillaud Sabine , Ginguené Stéphéline , Maharjan Sujen Man , Koirala Gobinda , Tonon Brigitte , Le Roch Karine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDevelopment programmes tackling severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children tend to try to replace traditional beliefs with biomedical knowledge. However, stigmatization associated with undernutrition may be an additional impediment to seeking assistance. Drawing on the concepts of cognitive polyphasia and of othering, this study explored how different types of knowledge are used simultaneously in order to maintain a sense of otherness from the undernourished child in Nepal. A lexicometric analysis of answers to open‐ended questions in a survey of villagers (N = 376) conducted in two Nepalese districts indicated three patterns of representations of children with SAM. The analysis revealed that cognitive polyphasia can take various forms (hybridization, selective prevalence or displacement), which both shape and are shaped by different ways of establishing otherness from the undernourished child. Taken together, these results allow a better understanding of the meaning of villagers' health advice regarding undernutrition and provide new avenues for implementing nutrition‐related programmes. On a theoretical level, these results go beyond a simple statement of the plurality of knowledge, considering cognitive polyphasia as a relational outcome.
An old disease with a new twist: CNS and thyroid sarcoidosis presenting as subacute dementia
Authors: Quertermous Brooke Pace , Kavuri Sravan , Walsh David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDementia in the elderly is extremely common and is often irreversible. When a patient presents with rapid cognitive decline, uncommon reversible etiologies should be investigated with the goal of restoring cognitive function.
Towards the Electrochemical Retention of CO2: Is it Worth it?
Authors: Carvela Mireya , Mena Ismael F. , Raschitor Alexandra , Lobato Justo , Rodrigo Manuel Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the use of NaOH produced cathodically by reduction of water to retain gaseous CO2 in a combined electrolyzer‐absorber device. The process deals with two relevant environmental concerns: desalination and carbon sequestering, using only electricity and heat, which can be provided using green sources. Results demonstrate that technology is feasible, and the composition of the final product depends on the operation conditions applied. Removal rates of 130 mmol CO2/h were obtained at 7.5 A with coulombic efficiency in the removal of CO2 of 47.63 %. Efficiency in the production of chlorine, hydrogen and NaOH decreases at large current densities because of the promotion in the oxidation of water and the promoted transport of protons from the anodic to the cathodic compartment of the cell. Low current densities should be used to promote the formation of NaHCO3 and avoid scaling problems (formation of deposits of Na2CO3) in the spray column. The use of heated air to evaporate the product of the absorption column produces evaporated water with higher quality (in terms of lower conductivity) from the product of the absorption column.
Dehydrogenative Double C−H Bond Activation in a Germylene‐Rhodium Complex**
Authors: Bajo Sonia , Alcaide María M. , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Campos Jesús 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransition metal tetrylene complexes offer great opportunities for molecular cooperation due to the ambiphilic character of the group 14 element. Here we focus on the coordination of germylene [(ArMes2)2Ge :] (ArMes=C6H3‐2,6‐(C6H2‐2,4,6‐Me3)2) to [RhCl(COD)]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), which yields a neutral germyl complex in which the rhodium center exhibits both η6‐ and η2‐coordination to two mesityl rings in an unusual pincer‐type structure. Chloride abstraction from this species triggers a singular dehydrogenative double C−H bond activation across the Ge/Rh motif. We have isolated and fully characterized three rhodium‐germyl species associated to three C−H cleavage events along this process. The reaction mechanism has been further investigated by computational means, supporting the key cooperative action of rhodium and germanium centers.
Planar Hypercoordinate Carbons in Alkali Metal Decorated CE32− and CE22− Dianions
Authors: Leyva‐Parra Luis , Diego Luz , Inostroza Diego , Yañez Osvaldo , Pumachagua‐Huertas Rodolfo , Barroso Jorge , Vásquez‐Espinal Alejandro , Merino Gabriel , Tiznado William 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAfter exploring the potential energy surfaces of MmCE2p (E=S−Te, M=Li−Cs, m=2, 3 and p=m‐2) and MnCE3q (E=S−Te, M=Li−Cs, n=1, 2, q=n‐2) combinations, we introduce 38 new global minima containing a planar hypercoordinate carbon atom (24 with a planar tetracoordinate carbon and 14 with a planar pentacoordinate carbon). These exotic clusters result from the decoration of V‐shaped CE22− and Y‐shaped CE32− dianions, respectively, with alkali counterions. All these 38 systems fulfill the geometrical and electronic criteria to be considered as true planar hypercoordinate carbon systems. Chemical bonding analyses indicate that carbon is covalently bonded to chalcogens and ionically connected to alkali metals.
Explaining and Integrating Machine Learning Models with Rigorous Simulation
Authors: Schöneberger Jan C. , Aker Burcu , Fricke Armin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFirst‐principle flowsheet simulation is a reliable data resource for training machine learning (ML) models for process industry, especially when plant data is not available. Process simulators play an even more important role for evaluation and validation of ML models. In this work, we present a workflow for building and evaluating ML models based on data generated by a commercial flowsheet simulator. The resulting hybrid models, combining data‐driven predictions with mass and energy balances, have much lower calculation times than the rigorous models. The implementation of such models shows great potential for solving more complex process engineering problems on the high‐dimensional space in the future, while saving the process engineer's time in the present.
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels in relation to work‐related respiratory burden and sensitization to wheat flour and multigrain in bakers
Authors: Olivieri Mario , Malerba Mario , Spiteri Gianluca , Torroni Lorena , Biscardo Carlo Alberto , Valenza Dario , Malinovschi Andrei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related lower airway symptoms (WR‐LAS), rhinitis (WRR), and asthma (WRA) are very common among bakers, due to airborne exposure to wheat flour and multigrain. Limited data is available regarding fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in bakers in relation to respiratory burden and occupational sensitization in a real‐life situation.ObjectiveTo analyze FeNO levels in relation to WRR, WR‐LAS, and WRA with regard to allergic sensitization to occupational allergen in bakers.MethodsCross‐sectional, observational study of 174 bakers employed in traditional small bakeries in the Verona District. Subjects did FeNO measurements, spirometry, methacholine challenge, and skin prick test to common inhalant aeroallergens and bakeries occupational allergens.ResultsFeNO levels were higher in subjects sensitized to occupational allergens compared with bakers not sensitized to occupational allergens (22.8 ppb (18.9, 27.6) vs. 12.0 ppb (9.9, 14.5), p < 0.05). FeNO levels were higher in bakers with WRR and occupational sensitization (25.4 (20.6, 31.3)) than in bakers with WRR without occupational sensitization compared and bakers without respiratory burden (13.4 (9.6, 18.6) and 11.9 (9.8, 14.5), both p < 0.001). Similar findings were found for WR‐LAS with regard to the same categories (31.2 (24.1, 40.4) vs 13.3 (11.4, 15.6) and 15.3 (8.5, 27.5), p < 0.001 and p = 0.005). Bakers with WRA, with or without occupational allergic sensitization, had higher levels of FeNO than bakers without respiratory burden (both p ≤ 0.001). These findings were consistent after adjustments for gender, age, height, weight, smoking, and sensitization to common inhalant aeroallergens and lung function.ConclusionsWRR and lower airway symptoms in bakers sensitized to occupational allergens relate to increased FeNO. Our study suggests that FeNO is associated with work‐related allergic inflammation in occupational sensitized bakers, but future studies are needed to assess how FeNO should be integrated in the diagnostic work‐up of occupational disease in bakers.
Fatigue and endocrine symptoms among women with early breast cancer randomized to endocrine versus chemoendocrine therapy: Results from the TAILORx patient‐reported outcomes substudy
Authors: Garcia Sofia F. , Gray Robert J. , Sparano Joseph A. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Carlos Ruth C. , Yanez Betina , Gareen Ilana F. , Whelan Timothy J. , Sledge George W. , Cella David , Wagner Lynne I. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTAILORx (Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment) prospectively assessed fatigue and endocrine symptoms among women with early‐stage hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and a midrange risk of recurrence who were randomized to endocrine therapy (E) or chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy (CT+E).MethodsParticipants completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Fatigue Short Form, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Endocrine Symptoms at the baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Linear regression was used to model outcomes on baseline symptoms, treatment, and other factors.ResultsParticipants (n = 458) in both treatment arms reported greater fatigue and endocrine symptoms at early follow‐up in comparison with the baseline. The magnitude of change in fatigue was significantly greater for the CT+E arm than the E arm at 3 and 6 months but not at 12, 24, or 36 months. The CT+E arm reported significantly greater changes in endocrine symptoms from the baseline to 3 months in comparison with the E arm; change scores were not significantly different at later time points. Endocrine symptom trajectories by treatment differed by menopausal status, with the effect larger and increasing for postmenopausal patients.ConclusionsAdjuvant CT+E was associated with greater increases in fatigue and endocrine symptoms at early time points in comparison with E. These differences lessened over time, and this demonstrated early chemotherapy effects more than long‐term ones. Treatment arm differences in endocrine symptoms were more evident in postmenopausal patients.Lay Summary

Participants in TAILORx (Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment) with early‐stage hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and an intermediate risk of recurrence were randomly assigned to endocrine or chemoendocrine therapy.

Four hundred fifty‐eight women reported fatigue and endocrine symptoms at the baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.

Both groups reported greater symptoms at early follow‐up versus the baseline.

Increases in fatigue were greater for the chemoendocrine group than the endocrine group at 3 and 6 months but not later.

The chemoendocrine group reported greater changes in endocrine symptoms in comparison with the endocrine group at 3 months but not later.
Feature extraction and enhancement for real‐time semantic segmentation
Authors: Tan Sixiang , Yang Wenzhong , Lin JianZhuang , Yu Weijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost of the semantic segmentation real‐time networks improve the segmentation speed by reducing the spatial resolution, leading to the accuracy being significantly reduced as a result. To solve this problem, we propose feature enhancement module (FEM), feature extraction and fusion module (FEFM). By extracting and enhancing the future map before the image down‐sample on the backbone and fusing the low‐level features with rich details and the high‐level features with more semantic information. Based on the FEM and FEFM, we introduce a real‐time semantic segmentation network feature extraction and enhancement network. In the experiment, using Cityscapes and CamVid datasets, the proposed network achieves a balance between computing speed and accuracy. Without additional processing and pretraining, it achieves 75.47% Mean IoU on the Cityscapes test dataset with only 29.96G Flops and a speed of 94 frames per second on a single RTX 2080Ti card. Code is available at https://github.com/favoMJ/FEENet.
Mitigation of stretch type vampire attack using probabilistic variable fuzzy rough set in wireless sensor networks
Authors: A. Rajesh , P. Esther Rani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnergy consumptions of intermediate nodes play an anchor role in achieving maximum cooperation for reliable dissemination of data in wireless sensor network (WSNs). WSN is considered a highly challenging issue due to its ad hoc node's organization in the network. In specific, vampire attack weakens the sensor nodes by draining energy slowly resulting in network performance deterioration ending up in network failure. The vampire attack needs to be detected and isolated for improving the sensor nodes life span to the maximum extent. In this article, mitigation of stretch type vampire attack using probabilistic variable fuzzy rough set (MVA‐PVFRS) is proposed with the merits of fuzzy membership ranks to sustain network lifetime. This MVA‐PVFRS scheme derives the benefits of fuzzy information system by including the method of approximation concept that decides upon the mitigation of vampire nodes through the formulation of lower and upper cooperation thresholds. Furthermore, it is proposed to handle the degree of uncertainty, missingness, and vagueness of data disseminated between the sensor nodes during the monitoring process in the network. The simulation results of the proposed MVA‐PVFRS scheme is attained through ns‐2 simulations with different number of sensor nodes, number of vampire nodes, pause time of simulation, number of packets, and packet sizes. The results of the proposed MVA‐PVFRS scheme with the different number of packets confirmed an excellent performance in packet delivery rate by 15.84% and throughput by 16.94%, compared to the baseline schemes.
Acetylation Rather than H50Q Mutation Impacts the Kinetics of Cu(II) Binding to α‐Synuclein
Authors: Teng Xiangyu , Sheveleva Alena , Tuna Floriana , Willison Keith R. , Ying Liming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe interaction between α‐synuclein (αSyn) and Cu2+ has been suggested to be closely linked to brain copper homeostasis. Disruption of copper levels could induce misfolding and aggregation of αSyn, and thus contribute to the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the molecular mechanism of αSyn‐Cu2+ interaction is important and controversies in Cu2+ coordination geometry with αSyn still exists. Herein, we find that the pathological H50Q mutation has no impact on the kinetics of Cu2+ binding to the high‐affinity site of wild type αSyn (WT‐αSyn), indicating the non‐involvement of His50 in high‐affinity Cu2+ binding to WT‐αSyn. In contrast, the physiological N‐terminally acetylated αSyn (NAc‐αSyn) displays several orders of magnitude weaker Cu2+ binding affinity than WT‐αSyn. Cu2+ coordination mode to NAc‐αSyn has also been proposed based on EPR spectrum. In addition, we find that Cu2+ coordinated WT‐αSyn is reduction‐active in the presence of GSH, but essentially inactive towards ascorbate. Our work provides new insights into αSyn‐Cu2+ interaction, which may help understand the multifaceted normal functions of αSyn as well as pathological consequences of αSyn aggregation.
The fulminant index: A method of rapidly differentiating fulminant type 1 diabetes from diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Qiu Junlin , Li Xia , Chen Wen , Ma Xiaoxi , Xie Zhiguo , Huang Gan , Luo Shuoming , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesFulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) could present diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) at early onset. It is crucial to identify FT1D from DKA manifestations in time at clinical practice. This study was aimed at investigating whether the fulminant index (FI), encompassing plasma glucose (PG) to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio (PG/HbA1c), serum potassium ion (K+) to HbA1c ratio (K+/HbA1c) and serum sodium ion (Na+) multiplied by HbA1c (Na+*HbA1c), is a feasible indicator for early FT1D diagnosis.Materials and MethodsA total of 78 subjects were enroled, including 40 FT1D patients and 38 non‐FT1D patients with DKA. We utilised receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the FI cut‐off values between FT1D and non‐FT1D groups and examined efficacies of FI based on statistics.ResultsROC curve analyses showed that the maximum Youden's index for PG/HbA1c bonding to a cut‐off value of 4.389, with the sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 81.6% in identifying FT1D from DKA. And optimal K+/HbA1c cut‐off value was 0.728 with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 84.2%. For Na+*HbA1c, the best cut‐off value was 923.65, and its sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 73.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggested FI could work as a valid and convenient indicator for differentiating FT1D from initial DKA patients. FI (K+/HbA1c) presented the best efficacy as an independent index.
Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors
Authors: Silveira Rossi João Leonardo , Barbalho Sandra Maria , Reverete de Araujo Renan , Bechara Marcelo Dib , Sloan Kátia Portero , Sloan Lance Alan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non‐infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro‐inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in ‘dysmetabolic’ patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low‐grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post‐translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long‐term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy‐reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
Air temperatures over‐predict changes to stream fish assemblages with climate warming compared with water temperatures
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Rahel Frank J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies predicting how the distribution of aquatic organisms will shift with climate change often use projected increases in air temperature or water temperature. However, the assumed correlations between water temperature change and air temperature change can be problematic, especially for mountainous, high elevation streams. Using stream fish assemblage data from 1,442 surveys across a mountain–plains gradient (Wyoming, USA; 1990–2018), we compared the responsiveness of thermal guilds, native status groups, and assemblage structure to projected climate warming from generalized air temperature models and stream‐specific water temperature models. Air temperature models consistently predicted greater range shift differences between warm‐water and cold‐water species, with air temperatures predicting greater increases in occurrence and greater range expansions for warm‐water species. The “over‐prediction” of warm‐water species expansions resulted in air temperature models predicting higher rates of novel species combinations, greater increases in local species richness, and higher magnitudes of biotic homogenization compared with water temperature models. Despite differences in model predictions for warm‐water species, both air and water temperature models predicted that three cold‐water species would exhibit similar decreases in occurrence (decline of 1.0% and 1.8% of sites per 1°C warming, respectively) and similar range contractions (16.6 and 21.5 m elevation loss per 1°C warming, respectively). The “over‐prediction” for warm‐water species is partially attributable to water temperatures warming at slower rates than air temperatures because local, stream‐scale factors (e.g., riparian cover, groundwater inputs) buffer high elevation streams from rising air temperatures. Our study provides the first comparison of how inferences about climate‐induced biotic change at the species‐ and assemblage‐levels differ when modeling with generalized air temperatures versus stream‐specific water temperatures. We recommend that future studies use stream‐specific water temperature models, especially for mountainous, high elevation streams, to avoid the “over‐prediction” of biotic changes observed from air temperature variables.
Clinician practices assessing hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis suppression in adolescents with an eating disorder
Authors: Nelson Lance R. , Halpern‐Felsher Bonnie L. , Nagata Jason M. , Carlson Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough extensive literature exists on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis suppression in females with an eating disorder, there are few studies in males. Our study aimed to determine clinician practices for the assessment of HPG axis suppression and to identify differences in practice based on the sex of the patient.MethodOur 31‐item survey queried clinicians about confidence level and practices for assessing HPG suppression in male compared to female patients.ResultsFindings showed that clinicians (n = 104) were less likely to evaluate HPG suppression in males compared to females, including assessment of sexual maturity rating (p < .050), screening of decreased libido compared to amenorrhea (p < .001) and lab assessment (luteinizing hormone and follicular‐stimulating hormone: p < .001; estradiol/testosterone: p < .010; TSH: p < .050). Participants also felt less confident evaluating male patients (p < .001) and requested better screening tools for males (p < .001).DiscussionOur data suggest that clinician practices differ based on patient sex and that clinicians request tools for HPG suppression assessment in males. This is the first study examining specific practices and comfort levels of clinicians when assessing HPG axis suppression. Findings suggest that more guidance on the management of male patients may be needed to standardize care and to prevent short and long‐term sequela of malnutrition.