bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustaining peer support groups: Insights from women living with HIV in rural Kenya
Authors: Kako Peninnah M. , Ngui Emmanuel , Kako Tavonna , Ndakuya‐Fitzgerald Florine , Mkandawire‐Valhmu Lucy , Dressel Anne E. , Kiplagat Augustine , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs HIV transitions to a chronic disease, measures that foster continued health are critical. Peer support groups can help in reducing stigma and ensuring wellbeing for those living with HIV. The purpose of our study was to gain an understanding of the ways in which women living with HIV in rural areas sustain peer support groups.Design and sampleFor this descriptive qualitative study, 20 women living with HIV participated in the study. Women were randomly divided into two peer support groups of ten women each; the groups met over a 12‐month period. monthly for the first two months and then every three months for the remainder of the year.ResultsDiscussion themes indicated women found ways to sustain the groups by using them as a platform for engaging in income generation; starting and participating in table banking; addressing food security; and finding financial and moral support. Problem‐solving challenges of sustaining peer support groups was also a major theme.ConclusionAs people live longer with HIV, long‐term peer support will be needed to maintain wellbeing. Community‐based peer support groups can be sustained by engaging women in common income‐generation activities.
Medicaid expansion and accessibility to healthcare: The Illinois experience
Authors: Dalstrom Matthew , Weinzimmer Laurence G. , Foulger Roopa , Klein Colleen J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study examined the impact that the Medicaid expansion in Illinois had upon insurance rates, access to medical care, dental care, pharmaceuticals, and mental‐health counseling between rural and urban counties.Design and SampleA serial cross‐sectional design was used to assess the health perceptions of adults living in Illinois.MeasuresSurvey data were collected in 2012 (n = 6,149) before the Medicaid expansion in Illinois and in 2015 (n = 3,532) after the expansion from rural (n = 4) and urban counties (n = 4).InterventionMedicaid expansion reduced the uninsured rate in both rural (16.39%–4.87%) and urban counties (17.05%–5.2%) and improved self‐reported health. It also increased access to all types of healthcare, with the biggest increase in dental coverage.ResultsPath analysis indicated that the Medicaid expansion β = −1.03 (p < .01) and poor versus not poor β = −1.50 (p < .01) were a significant predictor to no healthcare access. Rural verses urban location was not significant (β = 0.04); however, race/ethnicity was significantly different (p < .01).ConclusionFindings suggest that although the expansion has increased access to care overall, those who are the most vulnerable are still not benefiting equally from the expansion. Therefore, strategies to assist high‐risk adults in enrolling and using their Medicaid coverage need to developed and implemented.
Personality and Public Administration: Policymaker Tolerance of Administrative Burdens in Welfare Services
Authors: Aarøe Lene , Baekgaard Martin , Christensen Julian , Moynihan Donald P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile related fields have turned to personality to understand human behavior, we know relatively little about its role and impact in public administration. We review how personality has been studied in public administration and offer an empirical test of how it relates to policymaker attitudes about administrative arrangements. Using the “Big Five” framework and a sample of elected politicians, we conduct two studies showing how personality is associated with policymaker tolerance of the administrative burdens that social welfare recipients experience. Politicians with high conscientiousness are more tolerant of burdens, suggesting that they expect similar attention to detail from others. Conversely, politicians who score higher on the trait of openness to experience are less tolerant of burdens, implying that greater empathy toward the experience of others reduces burden tolerance. These relationships hold even after controlling for political ideology, the standard explanation for burden tolerance in welfare programs.
Sustainable aquaculture development: a review on the roles of cloud computing, internet of things and artificial intelligence (CIA)
Authors: Mustapha Umar Farouk , Alhassan Abdul‐Wadud , Jiang Dong‐Neng , Li Guang‐Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEach year, there is a significant rise in demand for global food production due to population increase and a rise in demand for protein food sources. This puts pressure on capture fishery as fish is a preferred protein source worldwide. However, the more resources we put into the capture fisheries to obtain maximum catch, the faster the fisheries stock becomes depleted. The best option left to produce enough fish to meet demand is relying on advanced aquaculture. Unfortunately, the impact of technological advancement in the aquaculture sector is not profound compared to the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. The advent of Cloud computing, Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence (CIA) has expanded numerous possibilities for applying and integrating information technology in all works of life. This article reviews the emergence of research development on CIA and the potential to revolutionize the aquaculture industry. The use of CIA techniques and tools such as drones, nano and micro‐sensors, bionic robots, remote cameras, intelligent sorting, energy‐saving processing equipment, statistical modules, and algorithms will reduce human intervention and increase aquaculture productivity. Also, the application of CIA in the aquaculture value chain to ensure effectiveness in traceability, feeding, disease detection, growth prediction, environmental monitoring, market information, and others is key to increasing aquaculture productivity and sustainability. Therefore, the future of aquaculture operations with less human labour, effective maintenance, and resource utilization largely depend on innovative technologies. Here, we outlined the need for adopting innovative technologies and the limiting factors that hinge on CIA adoption in the aquaculture industry.
An integrative view on vacuolar pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana: Combining mathematical modeling and experimentation
Authors: Holzheu Pascal , Krebs Melanie , Larasati Catharina , Schumacher Karin , Kummer Ursula 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYThe acidification of plant vacuoles is of great importance for various physiological processes, as a multitude of secondary active transporters utilize the proton gradient established across the vacuolar membrane. Vacuolar‐type H+‐translocating ATPases and a pyrophosphatase are thought to enable vacuoles to accumulate protons against their electrochemical potential. However, recent studies pointed to the ATPase located at the trans‐Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) to contribute to vacuolar acidification in a manner not understood as of now. Here, we combined experimental data and computational modeling to test different hypotheses for vacuolar acidification mechanisms. For this, we analyzed different models with respect to their ability to describe existing experimental data. To better differentiate between alternative acidification mechanisms, new experimental data have been generated. By fitting the models to the experimental data, we were able to prioritize the hypothesis in which vesicular trafficking of Ca2+/H+‐antiporters from the TGN/EE to the vacuolar membrane and the activity of ATP‐dependent Ca2+‐pumps at the tonoplast might explain the residual acidification observed in Arabidopsis mutants defective in vacuolar proton pump activity. The presented modeling approach provides an integrative perspective on vacuolar pH regulation in Arabidopsis and holds potential to guide further experimental work.
Protocol for an ‘efficient design’ cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate a complex intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing for CHIldren presenting to primary care with acute COugh and respiratory tract infection: the CHICO study
Authors: Seume Penny , Bevan Scott , Young Grace , Ingram Jenny , Clement Clare , Cabral Christie , Lucas Patricia Jane , Beech Elizabeth , Taylor Jodi , Horwood Jeremy , Dixon Padraig , Gulliford Martin C , Francis Nick , Creavin Sam T , Lane Athene , Hay Alastair D , Blair Peter S 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionRespiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children are common and present major resource implications for primary care. Unnecessary use of antibiotics is associated with the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance. In 2016, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded ‘TARGET’ programme developed a prognostic algorithm to identify children with acute cough and RTI at very low risk of 30-day hospitalisation and unlikely to need antibiotics. The intervention includes: (1) explicit elicitation of parental concerns, (2) the results of the prognostic algorithm accompanied by prescribing guidance and (3) provision of a printout for carers including safety netting advice. The CHIldren’s COugh feasibility study suggested differential recruitment of healthier patients in control practices. This phase III ‘efficiently designed’ trial uses routinely collected data at the practice level, thus avoiding individual patient consent. The aim is to assess whether embedding a multifaceted intervention into general practitioner (GP) practice Information Technology (IT) systems will result in reductions of antibiotic prescribing without impacting on hospital attendance for RTI.Methods and analysisThe coprimary outcomes are (1) practice rate of dispensed amoxicillin and macrolide antibiotics, (2) hospital admission rate for RTI using routinely collected data by Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). Data will be collected for children aged 0–9 years registered at 310 practices (155 intervention, 155 usual care) over a 12-month period. Recruitment and randomisation of practices (using the Egton Medical Information Systems web data management system) is conducted via each CCG stratified for children registered and baseline dispensing rates of each practice. Secondary outcomes will explore intervention effect modifiers. Qualitative interviews will explore intervention usage. The economic evaluation will be limited to a between-arm comparison in a cost–consequence analysis.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was given by London-Camden and Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (ref:18/LO/0345). This manuscript refers to protocol V.4.0. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN11405239.
Factors affecting anaemia among women of reproductive age in Nepal: a multilevel and spatial analysis
Authors: Sunuwar Dev Ram , Singh Devendra Raj , Adhikari Bipin , Shrestha Santosh , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Nepal using spatial and multilevel epidemiological analysis.DesignThis cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS software V.10.8 to identify the hot and cold spots of anaemia among WRA (15–49 years). Data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis.SettingNepal.ParticipantsA total of 6414 WRA were included in the analysis.Main outcome measureAnaemia defined by WHO as haemoglobin level less than 120 g/L in non-pregnant women and less than 110 g/L in pregnant women.ResultsThe spatial analysis showed that statistically significant hotspots of anaemia were in the southern Terai region (four districts in province 1, eight districts in province 2, one district in Bagmati province, two districts in province 5 and one district in Sudurpaschim province) of Nepal. At the individual level, women who underwent female sterilisation (adjusted OR, aOR: 3.61, 95% CI 1.10 to 11.84), with no education (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.39), and from middle socioeconomic class families (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.68) were more likely to be anaemic, whereas, older women (>35 years) (aOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.97) and those women who were using hormonal contraceptives (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.90) were less likely to be anaemic. At the community level, women from province 2 (aOR=2.97, 95% CI: 1.52 to 5.82) had higher odds of being anaemic.ConclusionWRA had higher odds of developing anaemia, and it varied by the geographical regions. Nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions can be tailored based on the factors identified in this study to curb the high burden of anaemia.
COVID-19 in Oromia Region of Ethiopia: a review of the first 6 months’ surveillance data
Authors: Gudina Esayas Kebede , Gobena Dabesa , Debela Tessema , Yilma Daniel , Girma Tsinuel , Mekonnen Zeleke , Woldie Mirkuzie , Abdena Dereje , Shume Gemechu , Kenate Birhanu , Lemi Meles , Diriba Dereje , Degfie Tizta Tilahun 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionDespite unrelenting efforts to contain its spread, COVID-19 is still causing unprecedented global crises. Ethiopia reported its first case on 13 March 2020 but has an accelerated case load and geographical distribution recently. In this article, we described the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Oromia Region, the largest and most populous region in Ethiopia, during the early months of the outbreak.MethodsWe analysed data from the COVID-19 surveillance database of the Oromia Regional Health Bureau. We included all reverse transcription-PCR-confirmed cases reported from the region between 13 March and 13 September 2020.ResultsCOVID-19 was confirmed in 8955 (5.5%) of 164 206 tested individuals. The test positivity rate increased from an average of 1.0% in the first 3 months to 6.3% in August and September. About 70% (6230) of the cases were men; the mean age was 30.0 years (SD=13.3), and 90.5% were <50 years of age. Only 64 (0.7%) of the cases had symptoms at diagnosis. Cough was the most common among symptomatic cases reported in 48 (75.0%), while fever was the least. Overall, 4346 (48.5%) have recovered from the virus; and a total of 52 deaths were reported with a case fatality rate of 1.2%. However, we should interpret the reported case fatality rate cautiously since in 44 (84.6%) of those reported as COVID-19 death, the virus was detected from dead bodies.ConclusionDespite the steady increase in the number of reported COVID-19 cases, Ethiopia has so far avoided the feared catastrophe from the pandemic due to the milder and asymptomatic nature of the disease. However, with the current pattern of widespread community transmission, the danger posed by the pandemic remains real. Thus, the country should focus on averting COVID-19-related humanitarian crisis through strengthening COVID-19 surveillance and targeted testing for the most vulnerable groups.
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure
Authors: Khong Teck K , Au Yeung Joshua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommentary on:McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE,et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.N Engl J Med2019;381:1995–2008.Series Editor:Dr Teck Khong, DTB Associate Editor, Clinical Pharmacology, St George’s, University of London, UK.
Medical education challenges and innovations during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Papapanou Michail , Routsi Eleni , Tsamakis Konstantinos , Fotis Lampros , Marinos Georgios , Lidoriki Irene , Karamanou Marianna , Papaioannou Theodore G , Tsiptsios Dimitrios , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Rizos Emmanouil , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the well-established, traditional structure of medical education. Τhe new limitations of physical presence have accelerated the development of an online learning environment, comprising both of asynchronous and synchronous distance education, and the introduction of novel ways of student assessment. At the same time, this prolonged crisis had serious implications on the lives of medical students including their psychological well-being and the impact on their academic trajectories. The new reality has, on many occasions, triggered the ‘acting up’ of medical students as frontline healthcare staff, which has been perceived by many of them as a positive learning and contributing experience, and has led to a variety of responses from the educational institutions. All things considered, the urgency for rapid and novel adaptations to the new circumstances has functioned as a springboard for remarkable innovations in medical education,including the promotion of a more “evidence-based” approach.
The proton charge radius extracted from the initial-state radiation experiment at MAMI
Authors: Mihovilovič M. , Achenbach P. , Beranek T. , Beričič J. , Bernauer J. C. , Böhm R. , Bosnar D. , Cardinali M. , Correa L. , Debenjak L. , Denig A. , Distler M. O. , Esser A. , Ferretti Bondy M. I. , Fonvieille H. , Friedrich J. M. , Friščić I. , Hoek M. , Kegel S. , Merkel H. , Middleton D. G. , Müller U. , Pochodzalla J. , Schlimme B. S. , Schoth M. , Schulz F. , Sfienti C. , Širca S. , Štajner S. , Stöttinger Y. , Thiel M. , Tyukin A. , Vanderhaeghen M. , Weber A. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report on a comprehensive reinterpretation of the existing cross-section data for elastic electron-proton scattering obtained by the initial-state radiation technique, resulting in a significantly improved accuracy of the extracted proton charge radius. By refining the external energy corrections we have achieved an outstanding description of the radiative tail, essential for a detailed investigation of the proton finite-size effects on the measured cross sections. This development, together with a novel framework for determining the radius, based on a regression analysis of the cross sections employing a polynomial model for the form factor, led us to a new value for the charge radius, which is $$(0.878 \pm 0.011_\mathrm {stat.}\pm 0.031_\mathrm {sys.}\pm 0.002_\mathrm {mod.})\,\mathrm {fm}$$

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STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA ERADICATION
Authors: BUNIMOVICH-MENDRAZITSKY SVETLANA , SHAIKHET LEONID 
Published: March 2021

We analyze a mathematical model for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The model is designed for complete recovery of CML patients after treatment. The model developed in the paper [Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky S, Kronik N, Vainstein V, Optimization of interferon-alpha and imatinib combination therapy for CML: A modeling approach, Adv Theory Simul 2(1):1800081, 2018] introduced a combined treatment of CML based on imatinib therapy and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy based on Interferon alpha-2a (IFN-[Formula: see text]) affects stem and mature cancer cell mortality, and leads to outcome improvements in the combined therapy. The qualitative character of our results shows that additional therapy for the complete cure of CML patients is required. This additional treatment is tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) along with a combination imatinib and IFN-[Formula: see text] treatment. The model examines the interaction between CML cancer cells and effector cells, using an ODE system. Stability analysis of the model defines conditions when imatinib treatment might lead to the eradication of CML with IFN-[Formula: see text] and TIL. Three equilibria are investigated for the proposed model. Stability conditions for equilibria are formulated in terms of the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
Universal Dependencies
Authors: de Marneffe Marie-Catherine , Manning Christopher D. , Nivre Joakim , Zeman Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Universal dependencies (UD) is a framework for morphosyntactic annotation of human language, which to date has been used to create treebanks for more than 100 languages. In this article, we outline the linguistic theory of the UD framework, which draws on a long tradition of typologically oriented grammatical theories. Grammatical relations between words are centrally used to explain how predicate–argument structures are encoded morphosyntactically in different languages while morphological features and part-of-speech classes give the properties of words. We argue that this theory is a good basis for crosslinguistically consistent annotation of typologically diverse languages in a way that supports computational natural language understanding as well as broader linguistic studies.
Africa from Post-Colonialism to Multilateralism
Authors: Hrubec Marek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with a differentiation of the historical phases of African trajectories in the global context from independence to the present day in order to overcome colonialism and global capitalism. It explains how to understand the historical trajectories from post-colonialism to unilateralism, multilateralism, and finally, the potential of polylateralism. It focuses on the problems and tendencies of advancement in Africa, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, in order to indicate a potential model for the social, political, economic, and cultural arrangement of relations for the recognition of people in Africa in global interactions.
Oh Britannia: Great Britain’s Exit from the European Union and Its Impact on Globalism and Nationalism
Authors: Williams John P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Globalization unleashed trends such as the free movement of capital, people, and goods; trickle-down economics, and diminished stature of nation-states. While largely embraced by most countries in the WTO, a growing tension within the European Union to push back went largely ignored until recently. Britain’s exit represents such a push back, a rejection of a single banking system, a single budget, and a single political entity. This article examines the historic 2016 British referendum that saw 52 percent of voters favor England leaving the EU. This research serves four purposes: one, to identify the origins of this important referendum as well as the positions of both its supporters and detractors; two, to analyze the fallout of the vote and its impact on other European nations; three, to correlate the results of this referendum and the rise of populist parties on the left and right in the EU; and four, to discuss briefly what the future holds for globalism.