bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of PID Controller in Poultry House System
Authors: Vidhya K , Shivani B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Poultry house is mainly used for the purpose of enhancing the environmental conditions in which birds are grown. The temperature and humidity inside livestock building is the most influential factor on the chickens. This paper proposes new ways to control the temperature inside poultry house using an optimized Proportional Integrator Derivative controller. The primary technique focuses on the set of the output matrix via the adaptation of the Static Output Feedback control for the Multi Input Multi Output system. The single model of the poultry house process is controlled with the PID controller. Additionally, the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is employed to derive the optimal parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) on testing the four multi-objective indices (Integral Absolute Error, Integral Square Error, Integral Time multiplied by Absolute Error, Integral Time multiplied by Square Error). The simulation results and shows better performance of the proposed technique in tracking the required set point with the poultry house systems.
Factors of influence for functionalised of chitosan with n-heterocyclic salt in aqueous medium
Authors: Costea (Nour) I F , Melinte R G , Noapteş S N , Cudălbeanu M , Dediu (Botezatu) A V , Dinică R M , Cârâc G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We reported here, the synthesis of a new N-heterocyclic chitosan derivative with N,N’-diphenacyl-4,4’-dipyridinium dibromide salt-core to improve the chitosan biological activity. Chemical modifications of chitosan are required to enhance its low solubility in aqueous solutions. The synthesis of functionalised chitosan with quaternary ammonium salt of dipyridinium, was carried out in aqueous medium, in the temperature range 20°C - 80°C, along the time up to 120 min (15-120 min.). The new chitosan derivative structure was characterised by XRD and FT-IR analysis of the solid samples, kept at ambient temperature and, also, by elemental analysis (C and N). The results show that the chitosan functionalised structure is influenced mostly by the temperature. The new compound could show promising biological properties due to improved solubility properties and deserves to be further investigatedfor various biological applications.
Degradation ability of indigenous bacteria from pesticide-contaminated water and soil in Brebes Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Istiqomah D , Irwandhi  , Subandrio H R , Rakhman H I , Nugroho I F S , Hendra  , Islamiati A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Brebes regency is the center of shallot cultivation in Indonesia. Chemical pesticides are very frequent and widely used to control pest and disease of shallot. The use of chemical pesticides adversely affects human health and the environment. Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments using microbes that come directly from the polluted environment is a promising, effective, and harmless for the environment. Indigenous-bacteria could be the eminent agent because they are able to remediate pesticides with a high level of effectiveness compared to agents from outside the environment. This is needed to solve the problem of pesticide pollutants that have no solution in Brebes Regency and other agricultural areas. The aim of this research was to obtain bacterial isolates that can degrade pesticide contamination by exploring bacteria in a polluted environment. This research was conducted by isolating bacteria and characterizing the existing bacteria in the shallot cultivation from Brebes Regency. Bacteria were taken from soil and water in the shallot cultivation and irrigation channels. The research methods include biochemical tests, pesticide degradation abilty test. Four isolates were promising to be potential pesticide-degrading agent. The prospect of this research is could produce a product in the formula of bacteria which can be a pesticide-bioremediation agent.
Water quality analysis of the rivers Topolnitsa and Luda Yana, Bulgaria using different indices
Authors: Gartsiyanova K , Varbanov M , Kitev A , Genchev S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the analysis of some of the worldwide use of surface water index estimates. The catchment areas of the two model basins of bulgarian rivers (Topolnitsa and Luda Yana) are subject to active anthropogenic load. There are numerous metallurgical plants, combines for non-ferrous metals, mines and tailing ponds have been operating in the area for many years. At the end the heavy metals being the final result of their production activity. In the same time the waters of the rivers have various applications - industrial, household and agricultural. To obtain an assessment of the water quality status of the Topolnitsa and Luda Yana rivers in Bulgaria, two different indices are used - Water Pollution Index (WPI) and the Bavarian Surface Quality Index - (CJ). In the first one the conditions are regulated by the creators of the algorithm (reference values, set of physicochemical indicators, requirements for the type of data), the rest are selected by the user according to criteria determined by him. The index is calculated by a number of physicochemical parameters as obligatory include “dissolved oxygen” and “BOD5”. This is due to the fact that these indicators are particularly sensitive to the anthropogenic impact. The CJ index presents a summary of water quality in a given sample according to a set of physicochemical indices and is expressed as a non-dimensional quantity from 0 to 100 (0 is the worst and 100 is the best water quality) grade of reference values are defined. In this index all conditions are set in advance by the creator, including the set of indicators, reference values, weight of individual indicators, etc. The dataset consists of analytical results from a 6-yrs survey conducted in selected points of the river systems. The main aim of this article is to test the sensitivity of two indices different in their construction, algorithm and content for complex assessment of river water quality in Bulgarian conditions.
Analysis of the quality of river water in Sofia city district, Bulgaria
Authors: Varbanov M , Gartsiyanova K , Tcherkezova E , Kitev A , Genchev S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the current status of the river waters in Sofia city district, Bulgaria. The object of this study is the waters of the river Iskar and its tributaries in the selected area. The main hydrochemical indicators are analyzed in accordance with the national legislation for the period 2016-2020. Key points and areas of anthropogenic impact are determined. A complex assessment of quality of the river water has been carried out with the application of the Water Quality Index (CCME) – Canada.
Metals removal from surface and wastewaters using an eco-friendly and sustainable material
Authors: Moldovan A , Torok A , Kovacs E , Roman M , Levei E , Cadar O , Babalau-Fuss V , Senila M , Micle V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the potential metal adsorption properties of a Romanian natural and activated (by chemical, thermal and thermo-chemical treatments) zeolite was tested for further use in water treatment. The structural changes of zeolite after activation were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) analysis. Adsorption experiments were carried out for 72 h at room temperature, using a zeolite/liquid ratio of 1 g/50 mL using highly contaminated surface and wastewaters. The metal concentrations (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) were determinate before and after the adsorption experiments using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although, the chemical and thermo-chemical activation methods had a positive effect on the CEC values, the FT-IR and XRD analyses did not indicated any notable changes in the zeolite structure. The obtained results showed that the highest metal removal efficiency was reached for the thermally activated zeolite. After 72h, the metal removal efficiency ranged between 12.8 and 100% in the case of surface waters and between 1.55 and 59.2% in the case of wastewaters.
Potential of fibrinolytic protease enzyme from tissue of sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) as thrombolysis agent
Authors: Hidayati N , Fuad H , Munandar H , Zilda DS , Sulistyaningtyas AR , Nurrahman N , Darmawati S , Ethica SN 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the main cause of death in modern society with thrombosis as their most common underlying pathology. The occurrence of thrombosis is characterized by thrombus formation in the circulatory system of the body causing blood clot blockage. Thrombus blocking blood vessels can be destroyed through fibrinolysis by plasmin. Commonly administered fibrinolytic drugs activate plasminogen and convert plasminogen to plasmin which degrades fibrin. However, these agents have limitations such as higher costs, shorter half-lives, allergic reactions and intravenous administration-caused bleeding. Hence, more effective and safer antithrombotic drugs are needed in anti-thrombosis therapy. This paper was intended to assess the ability of Holothuria scabra tissue fibrinolytic proteases as a thrombolytic agent based on literature studies. Summary of recent studies showed that various strong fibrinolytic enzymes could be produced from various animal tissues such as snake and earthworm, yet from sea organism’ tissues are barely reported. In this literature review, the potential of protease enzymes from tissue of H. scabra as thrombolysis agent is summarized and discussed. Among the findings is that H. scabra has the highest protein content among other sea cucumbers in Indonesia, yet the isolation of protease enzymes from H. scabra tissue has not been reported. Hence, there is high possibility in finding novel proteases, which may include serine and metallo-protease known for their thrombolysis activities.
Scaling measurement of oil production wastewater as a comprehensive environmental engineering experiment
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhang Xiaofei , Yang Bo , Jinling Li , Chen Gang , Qu Chengtun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the process of scaling the measurement of oil production wastewater using the bottle test method, the deposition and attachment of scaling crystals on the bottle wall lead to a small measurement result and a large error compared to the actual measurement. The scaling amount of oil production wastewater is measured by adding quantitative clay and inducing adsorption, gathering, and deposition of scaling crystals onto the surface of clay particles. Comparing with the theoretical value, the determination result is more accurate than the result of the bottle test method. The comprehensive experimental design described in this paper applies various topics of colloid and interface chemistry, such as scale crystal growth, clay diffusion double electric layer, and micelle structure. We believe that this design will help students majoring in environmental engineering to master the measurement method of scaling the amount of oil production wastewater and strengthen their ability to solve practical problems.
Online COD measurement based on multi-source spectral feature-level fusion model
Authors: Guan Li , Tong Yifei , Li Jingwei , Wu Shaofeng , Li Dongbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo overcome the shortcomings of UV-Vis spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry for COD detection, an online measurement named FfCODnet has been proposed and estimated in this paper. In this method, UV-Vis spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum are collected online by a spectrophotometer, then De-noising Auto-Encoders (part of FfCODnet, abbreviated as DAE) are used to clean two types of raw spectrum respectively, finally the rest of FfCODnet is utilized to predict COD value of water sample. Through experiments and results comparison, the result shows that the proposed method has a good performance on both noise tolerance and measure accuracy.
The effectiveness of breakwaters decreasing the peat shoreline change in Bengkalis Island
Authors: Ratri D A R , Mizuno K , Martono D N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The preserve presence of peatland in Indonesia is not only endangered by direct anthropogenic force (e.g., peat fires, logging, land-use change, and canalisation). In the last three decades, coastal peat erosion upon northern Bengkalis Island threatens the peat ecosystem’s subsistence. Climate change, rising global sea levels, and high tides across the Malacca strait are potential threats to the Island’s existence. This paper will emphasise analysing the current coastal breakwaters’ effectiveness and their effect on the shoreline change rates from 2014-2020. The result indicates that the compounding Mangrove and breakwaters conserved the coastal area and decreased erosion rates for the last five years in Bantan districts.
Adaptation management to minimize land fires in peatland hydrological unit Bengkalis Island
Authors: Karmila Y A , Mizuno K , Maas A , Saiya H G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Peatland fires are an annual phenomenon in Bengkalis Island. One of the factors causing peatland fire is wrong land management. Not much research on peatland fires due to land management can provide new evidence that land management models can minimize peatland fires. This study aimed to find a comprehensive management adaptation to minimize land fires on peatland. This study draws on spatial, qualitative, and quantitative data from the literature, project and policy documents, observations from the field, and interviews with key persons and other stakeholders in Peatland Hydrological Unit (PHU) Bengkalis Island. Adaptation of communities around peatland based on sustainable management has a good result in an economic and social aspect. One of the community adaptations to minimize land fires is management without burning. Land management without burning will be beneficial if it is carried out in conjunction with soil amendments such as F1-embio on peat soil that will remain rich in soil fertility bacteria. The result of the study stated adaptive management of communities around peatlands could minimize land fires.
Chitosan membrane technology as adsorbent media: management of Tallo River Basin Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hamsina Hamsina , Surya B , Muhammadiah M , Anggraini N , Indrawati E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the surface area and adsorption power of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions in the Tallo river basin and determine the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption by chitosan membrane adsorbents and the adsorption time of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ion in Tallo river basin. The method used in this study consisted of chitosan synthesis from crab shell waste, chitosan membrane design with various membrane variations comprised of a concentration ratio of chitosan and cellulose acetate respectively 35%, 65%, 45%: 55%, 50 %: 50% and 65%: 35% with variations in adsorption time of 10; 25; 45; 60 minutes, then followed by the adsorption mechanism of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions. Determination of the surface area was carried out using the Brunner Emmer Teller (BET) analysis. In contrast, the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption and adsorption power was carried out using UV Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the surface area of the chitosan membrane reached 765 m3 / g, a pore volume of 1,267 cc / g, and a pore diameter of 4.7 nm, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions was 76.34%. In comparison, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against ions Pb (II) metal was 68.5 mg / g for 100 minutes. This study recommends the use of a chitosan membrane to reduce the levels of Pb (II) metal ions and improve the quality of Tallo river water for consumption.
Calculation of heavy metals pollution load enters to Saguling dam West Java Province
Authors: Wardhani E , Roosmini D , Notodarmojo S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study aims to assess the trace metals concentration in water and sediments from rivers entering Saguling Dam and calculate their pollution load. Water and surface sediment samples were collected in September 2017 during the dry season. Seven rivers which are Citarum, Cihaur, Cijere, Cimerang, Cipatik, Cijambu, and Ciminyak. Trace metals were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on the measurement of the total discharge that enters the Saguling Dam from 7 rivers of 20.074 m3s-1. Cr and Cu pollute river water. Seminyak River has the highest Cr concentration of 0.096 mg-1, and the lowest is Cimerang River 0.054 mgL-1. High Cu concentration does not meet the Citarum River, Cimerang, and Cipatik with respective concentrations of 0.038, 0.029, and 0.031 mgL-1. River sediments have heavy metal content that exceeds the standard. These metals are derived from anthropogenic sources in the catchment area. Pollution load of all the rivers that go into Saguling Dam for parameter Cd, Cr and Cu respectively 7.654, 149.128, and 63.435 kg.day-1. The most significant contributor comes from the Citarum River, which is the largest river in this area. The results obtained would help develop more effective dam management.
Strengthening resilience to flood disaster in Depok urban areas
Authors: Yitnaningtyas T B K , Hasibuan H S , Tambunan R P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Floods are the impact of changes from a large-scale destructive environmental problem. The combination of population and climate change puts pressure on the challenges of sustainable urban development. The resilience of cities has a relationship with the value of urban sustainability; thus, it will be involved in the social-economic-environmental fields, and looks at the impact of floods and the recovery efforts. The approach method used is mixed, with case study analysis in the form of exploration of flood disaster events. While the sample was taken at the location of Depok City, West Java. There are various fields forming resilience, which are community accessibility, poverty level, carrying capacity of the water environment. Urban resilience is needed in every region to withstand disturbances to the recovery and reconstruction phases to restore the function of the urban system to normal. So this paper is intended to find the relationship between the elements that make up urban flood resilience.
Switching of water supply in regional general company Tirta Moedal drinking water, Semarang City, West Semarang branch
Authors: Priyambodo S , Sarminingsih A , Syafrudin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Semarang City Government, through the Tirta Moedal Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Semarang City, plans to improve clean water services in the West Semarang Region by increasing production capacity by building a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Bambankerep Jatibarang with a capacity of 1000 liters/second for West Semarang area services. For the Jatibarang WTP to be absorbed according to schedule, it is necessary to divert the existing water supply to other service areas that need and are not included in the Jatibarang WTP service area. This study aims to comprehensively study the most likely directions for transferring water supplies to areas that currently require additional supply with the transfer system. The research method uses hydraulic analysis of the piping network using the Epanet 2.0 program. The analysis results will be displayed in pipe diameter, flow velocity and pressure at each junction point. The results obtained are the diversion of the existing water supply to another area outside of Jatibarang WTP. The result to be achieved from this research is an increase in the capacity and service coverage of Tirta Moedal Regional Drinking Water Company in the North Branch.
Performance evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment: case study “x building at Jakarta”
Authors: Kautsar M L , Rinanti A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An evaluation of the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) “X Building” performance at Jakarta has been carried out. Domestic wastewater produced from X Building at Jakarta has a relatively high organic compound. It can cause environmental pollution, so wastewater treatment is required to reduce the concentration of organic compounds. The parameters of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia after treated compared to a quality standard of Permen LHK RI No.68/Menlhk/Setjen/kum.1/8/2016. The removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia were studied. The evaluation was conducted from January 2019 up to March 2021. Domestic wastewater treatment with process activated sludge with fixed film media is quite effective for lowering organic pollutants, COD, BOD, TSS and ammonia. The removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia greater than 90%. In August 2019 and September 2019, the removal efficiency for all parameters decreased, and the Ammonia parameter decreased to 47% in August and 55% in September 2019. The Elimination Efficiency of each parameter increased again to reach more than 90% from October 2019 until December 2019. In 2020, with an average discharge of 242, the removal efficiency of all parameters would get more than 95%. From January 2019 to March 2021, the parameters of BOD, COD and TSS have a concentration below the quality standard. For Ammonia parameters, in August and September 2019, ammonia parameters exceed the quality standard and below the quality standard in other months.
Trend Analysis of Annual Runoff in Yong’an Creek Basin of Zhejiang
Authors: Zhiqiang Huang , Kaiqi Shen , Chao Zhao , Ming Shan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Yong’an Creek is the source of the Lingjiang River, one of the eight major river systems in Zhejiang, and is of great significance to support the economic and social development of the Zhejiang region. Based on the runoff data of Baizhi’ao Hydrological Station from 1985 to 2020, this paper uses linear regression, Mann-Kendall method and Sen’s slope estimator to analyze the change trend of the annual runoff of Yong’an Creek, and diagnoses abrupt changes. The results show: The runoff in the Yong’an Creek basin has large interannual variability, and the linear regression and M-K trend test results show that the runoff in the Yongan River Basin has a downward trend. There is no real mutation point in the precipitation in the Yong’an Creek basin from 1985 to 2020. The results of Sen’s slope show that the rate of change of runoff is small. The results of the study will provide necessary guidance for sustainable water resources management and disaster risk reduction of the Yong’an Creek basin.
An Enhanced Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Algorithm to Simulate the Soret Coefficient in Heptane/Benzene Mixtures
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liang Ruquan , Wu Lichun , Cui Gan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the accuracy of the Soret effect was investigated at the situation of T = 303.15 K and P = 1.0 atm. The eHEX (enhanced heat exchange) algorithm and the TraPPE-UA force field were applied to simulate this thermal diffusion behavior. The equimolar mixtures of heptane isomers (n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane and 2, 3-dimethylpentane) and benzene were chosen to be the research fluids. The Soret coefficients were calculated to compare with the experimental data and other NEMD simulated results. The results showed great agreement with experimental data and a better accuracy compared to other NEMD simulated results. Moreover, the results shows that more branches may decrease the heat affinity of the component and increase the relaxation time of the thermal diffusion behavior.