bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal limitations and long‐term persistence drive differentiation from haplotypes to communities within a tropical sky‐island: Evidence from community metabarcoding
Authors: Gálvez‐Reyes Nancy , Arribas Paula , Andújar Carmelo , Emerson Brent C. , Piñero Daniel , Mastretta‐Yanes Alicia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeutral theory proposes that dispersal stochasticity is one of the main drivers of local diversity. Haplotypes‐level genetic variation can now be efficiently sampled from across whole communities, thus making it possible to test neutral predictions from the genetic to species‐level diversity, and higher. However, empirical data is still limited, with the few studies to date coming from temperate latitudes. Here, we focus on a tropical mountain within the Transmexican Volcanic Belt to evaluate spatially fine‐scale patterns of arthropod community assembly to understand the role of dispersal limitation and landscape features as drivers of diversity. We sampled whole‐communities of arthropods for eight orders at a spatial scale ranging from 50 m to 19 km, using whole community metabarcoding. We explored multiple hierarchical levels, from individual haplotypes to lineages at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7.5% similarity thresholds, to evaluate patterns of richness, turnover, and distance decay of similarity with isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance (costs to dispersal given by landscape features) approaches. Our results showed that distance and altitude influence distance decay of similarity at all hierarchical levels. This holds for arthropod groups of contrasting dispersal abilities, but with different strength depending on the spatial scale. Our results support a model where local‐scale differentiation mediated by dispersal constraints, combined with long‐term persistence of lineages, is an important driver of diversity within tropical sky islands.
Sublingual microcirculation predicts survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Voß Fabian , Karbenn Matthias , Hoffmann Till , Schweitzer Julian , Jung Christian , Bernhard Michael , Kienbaum Peter , Kelm Malte , Westenfeld Ralf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite successful resuscitation with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the prediction of survival in patients suffering out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains difficult. Several studies have shown alterations in sublingual microcirculation in the critical ill. We hypothesized that early alterations in sublingual microcirculation may predict short‐term survival after OHCA.MethodsWe prospectively included all adults admitted to our university hospital between April and September 2019 with ROSC following OHCA. Sidestream dark‐field microscopy to obtain sublingual microcirculation was performed at admission and after 6, 12 and 24 hours. Primary outcome was survival until discharge.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were included. Six hours after ROSC, the proportion of perfused small vessels (PPVsmall) was lower in non‐survivors than in survivors (85 ± 7.9 vs. 75 ± 6.6%; p = .01). PPVsmall did not correlate with serum lactate. Stratification for survival with cutoff values >78.4% for PPVsmall 6 h post‐admission and <5.15 mmol/l for initial serum lactate as suggested by ROC‐Analyses results in a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative one of 67% for our study population.ConclusionEstimating short‐term prognosis of OHCA patients with ROSC may be supported by measuring the PPVsmall at the sublingual microcirculation 6 hours after admission.
A toolbox for conditional control of gene expression in apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Briquet Sylvie , Gissot Mathieu , Silvie Olivier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApicomplexan parasites encompass diverse pathogens for humans and animals, including the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. Genetic manipulation of these parasites has become central to explore parasite biology, unravel gene function and identify new targets for therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past years with the advent of next generation sequencing and powerful genome editing methods. In particular, various methods for conditional gene expression have been developed in both Plasmodium and Toxoplasma to knockout or knockdown essential genes, or for inducible expression of master developmental regulators or mutant versions of proteins. Conditional gene expression can be achieved at three distinct levels. At the DNA level, inducible site‐specific recombinases allow conditional genome editing. At the RNA level, regulation can be achieved during transcription, using stage‐specific or regulatable promoters, or post‐transcriptionally through alteration of mRNA stability or translation. At the protein level, several systems have been developed for inducible degradation or displacement of a protein of interest. In this review, we provide an overview of current systems for conditional control of gene expression in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma parasites, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach.
Motility control through an anti‐activation mechanism in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Alakavuklar Melene A. , Heckel Brynn C. , Stoner Ari M. , Stembel Joseph A. , Fuqua Clay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany bacteria can migrate from a free‐living, planktonic state to an attached, biofilm existence. One factor regulating this transition in the facultative plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the ExoR‐ChvG‐ChvI system. Periplasmic ExoR regulates the activity of the ChvG‐ChvI two‐component system in response to environmental stress, most notably low pH. ChvI impacts hundreds of genes, including those required for type VI secretion, virulence, biofilm formation, and flagellar motility. Previous studies revealed that activated ChvG‐ChvI represses expression of most of class II and class III flagellar biogenesis genes, but not the master motility regulator genes visN, visR, and rem. In this study, we characterized the integration of the ExoR‐ChvG‐ChvI and VisNR‐Rem pathways. We isolated motile suppressors of the non‐motile ΔexoR mutant and thereby identified the previously unannotated mirA gene encoding a 76 amino acid protein. We report that the MirA protein interacts directly with the Rem DNA‐binding domain, sequestering Rem and preventing motility gene activation. The ChvG‐ChvI pathway activates mirA expression and elevated mirA is sufficient to block motility. This study reveals how the ExoR‐ChvG‐ChvI pathway prevents flagellar motility in A. tumefaciens. MirA is also conserved among other members of the Rhizobiales suggesting similar mechanisms of motility regulation.
Independent factors of low radiation dose during atrial fibrillation ablation with cryoballoon or radiofrequency: Results from the “Go for zero fluoroscopy” registry
Authors: Gras Matthieu , Garcia Rodrigue , Waldmann Victor , Bergère Vincent , Duncker David , De Potter Tom , Fiedler Lukas , Moscoso Costa Francisco , Antolič Bor , Kosiuk Jedrzej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is a common procedure requiring in most cases the use of fluoroscopy. We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with a lower dose of fluoroscopy used during AF ablation with cryoballoon or radiofrequency.MethodsIn this prospective European registry, centers were requested to provide procedural characteristics of consecutive AF ablation cases. Lower doses of fluoroscopy were defined as those with dose‐area‐product (DAP) under the median dose used in the radiofrequency and the cryoballoon ablation groups.ResultsA total of 638 AF ablation procedures were collected (n = 492 for radiofrequency and n = 146 for cryoballoon ablation groups) in 25 centers. The median [IQR] DAP were 926 [349;2092] and 1516 [418;3408] cGy*cm2 in the radiofrequency and cryoballoon groups, respectively. Main factors associated with lower DAP in cryoballoon ablation group were electrophysiology dedicated laboratory (OR 6.04, 95%CI 1.16–31.54; P = .03) and frequent dosimetry report (OR 21.39, 95%CI 5.43–98.54; P = .03). Main factors associated with lower DAP in the radiofrequency ablation group were the use of a chest dosimeter (OR 12.57, 95% CI 2.88‐54.90; P = .01), biplane X‐ray equipment (OR 3.12, 95%CI 1.89‐5.16; P < .01), university hospital (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.35‐3.25; P = .01), electrophysiology dedicated laboratory (OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.48‐4.05; P < .01) and use of contact force enabled catheter (OR 22.60, 95%CI 6.82‐74.88; P < .01).ConclusionThis real‐life study of fluoroscopy use during AF ablation provides new data about current practices across European countries. Technological advances and quality of the fluoroscopic environment were the main factors associated with lower radiation dose during AF ablation.
Beneficial effects of atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with angina pectoris and coronary sinus reducer
Authors: Khalaph Moneeb , Bergau Leonard , Vanezi Maria , Rudolph Tanja K. , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLimited data exists about the effectiveness of the coronary sinus reducer (CSR) device in patients with angina pectoris and atrial fibrillation (AF). This case demonstrates beneficial effects of AF ablation in a patient with CSR. We report four major findings: Rhythm control has a relevant effect on angina pectoris symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease and AF. In these patients, AF ablation should be considered at an early stage. Patients with persistent angina pectoris and CSR may require sinus rhythm for an optimal effect of the device. Selected coronary sinus (CS) interventions can still be performed through the mesh of the CSR device.
Same‐day discharge after implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trongtorsak Angkawipa , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Thangjui Sittinun , Worapongsatitaya Pitchaya , Yodsuwan Ratdanai , Navaravong Leenhapong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to an increasing need for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) placement, the cost of healthcare has been rising including the cost of hospital stay after the procedure. We conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the safety and feasibility of same‐day discharge (SDD) after cardiac device implantations.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, and Embase databases from inception to March 2021 to identify studies that compared clinical outcomes between SDD group and hospital overnight stay (HO) group after cardiac device implantations. Outcomes included complications after the procedure, mortality, and re‐hospitalization. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects model to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsEight studies (one randomized control trial, three prospective cohort and four retrospective cohort studies) with a total of 61,602 patients (4153 in SDD group and 57,449 in HO group) were included. SDD was not associated with more procedure‐related complications. The rates of wound problems (0.94% vs 1.84%, pooled OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.2‐3.68, p = .834), pneumothorax (1.15% vs 0.73%, pooled OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 0.26‐7.12, p = .718), hematoma (0.59% vs 2.32%, pooled OR = 0.35, 95%CI:0.01‐9.85, p = .534), lead/device dislodgement (4% vs 2.48%, pooled OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 0.64‐4.54, p = .281), readmission rate (17.6% vs 17.5%, pooled OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.74‐1.21, p = .667), and mortality rate (1.66% vs 1.44%, pooled OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.58‐1.01, p = .059) were similar between in SDD and HO groups respectively.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggested that SDD after cardiac device implantations might be a safe and feasible alternative to HO without differences in procedure‐related complications, readmission rates, or mortality rates.
A high‐temperature water vapor equilibration method to determine non‐exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratios of sugar, starch and cellulose
Authors: Schuler Philipp , Cormier Marc‐André , Werner Roland A. , Buchmann Nina , Gessler Arthur , Vitali Valentina , Saurer Matthias , Lehmann Marco M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe analysis of the non‐exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2Hne) in carbohydrates is mostly limited to the structural component cellulose, while simple high‐throughput methods for δ2Hne values of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as sugar and starch do not yet exist. Here, we tested if the hot vapor equilibration method originally developed for cellulose is applicable for NSC, verified by comparison with the traditional nitration method. We set up a detailed analytical protocol and applied the method to plant extracts of leaves from species with different photosynthetic pathways (i.e., C3, C4 and CAM). δ2Hne of commercial sugars and starch from different classes and sources, ranging from −157.8 to +6.4‰, were reproducibly analysed with precision between 0.2‰ and 7.7‰. Mean δ2Hne values of sugar are lowest in C3 (−92.0‰), intermediate in C4 (−32.5‰) and highest in CAM plants (6.0‰), with NSC being 2H‐depleted compared to cellulose and sugar being generally more 2H‐enriched than starch. Our results suggest that our method can be used in future studies to disentangle 2H‐fractionation processes, for improving mechanistic δ2Hne models for leaf and tree‐ring cellulose and for further development of δ2Hne in plant carbohydrates as a potential proxy for climate, hydrology, plant metabolism and physiology.
Viral suppressor of RNA silencing in vascular plants also interferes with the development of the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Marttinen Eeva M. , Lehtonen Mikko T. , van Gessel Nico , Reski Ralf , Valkonen Jari P. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant viruses are important pathogens able to overcome plant defense mechanisms using their viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR). Small RNA pathways of bryophytes and vascular plants have significant similarities, but little is known about how viruses interact with mosses. This study elucidated the responses of Physcomitrella patens to two different VSRs. We transformed P. patens plants to express VSR P19 from tomato bushy stunt virus and VSR 2b from cucumber mosaic virus, respectively. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR were used to detect the effects of VSRs on gene expression. Small RNA (sRNA) sequencing was used to estimate the influences of VSRs on the sRNA pool of P. patens. Expression of either VSR‐encoding gene caused developmental disorders in P. patens. The transcripts of four different transcription factors (AP2/erf, EREB‐11 and two MYBs) accumulated in the P19 lines. sRNA sequencing revealed that VSR P19 significantly changed the microRNA pool in P. patens. Our results suggest that VSR P19 is functional in P. patens and affects the abundance of specific microRNAs interfering with gene expression. The results open new opportunities for using Physcomitrella as an alternative system to study plant–virus interactions.
Comparative analyses of responses to exogenous and endogenous antiherbivore elicitors enable a forward genetics approach to identify maize gene candidates mediating sensitivity to herbivore‐associated molecular patterns
Authors: Poretsky Elly , Ruiz Miguel , Ahmadian Nazanin , Steinbrenner Adam D. , Dressano Keini , Schmelz Eric A. , Huffaker Alisa 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYCrop damage by herbivorous insects remains a significant contributor to annual yield reductions. Following attack, maize (Zea mays) responds to herbivore‐associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), activating dynamic direct and indirect antiherbivore defense responses. To define underlying signaling processes, comparative analyses between plant elicitor peptide (Pep) DAMPs and fatty acid–amino acid conjugate (FAC) HAMPs were conducted. RNA sequencing analysis of early transcriptional changes following Pep and FAC treatments revealed quantitative differences in the strength of response yet a high degree of qualitative similarity, providing evidence for shared signaling pathways. In further comparisons of FAC and Pep responses across diverse maize inbred lines, we identified Mo17 as part of a small subset of lines displaying selective FAC insensitivity. Genetic mapping for FAC sensitivity using the intermated B73 × Mo17 population identified a single locus on chromosome 4 associated with FAC sensitivity. Pursuit of multiple fine‐mapping approaches further narrowed the locus to 19 candidate genes. The top candidate gene identified, termed FAC SENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED (ZmFACS), encodes a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) that belongs to the same family as a rice (Oryza sativa) receptor gene previously associated with the activation of induced responses to diverse Lepidoptera. Consistent with reduced sensitivity, ZmFACS expression was significantly lower in Mo17 as compared to B73. Transient heterologous expression of ZmFACS in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in a significantly increased FAC‐elicited response. Together, our results provide useful resources for studying early elicitor‐induced antiherbivore responses in maize and approaches to discover gene candidates underlying HAMP sensitivity in grain crops.
Protein kinase D promotes activity‐dependent AMPA receptor endocytosis in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Oueslati Morales Carlos O. , Ignácz Attila , Bencsik Norbert , Sziber Zsofia , Rátkai Anikó Erika , Lieb Wolfgang S. , Eisler Stephan A. , Szűcs Attila , Schlett Katalin , Hausser Angelika 
Published: September 2021

Abstractα‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The continuous trafficking of AMPARs into and out of synapses is a core feature of synaptic plasticity, which is considered as the cellular basis of learning and memory. The molecular mechanisms underlying the postsynaptic AMPAR trafficking, however, are still not fully understood. In this work, we demonstrate that the protein kinase D (PKD) family promotes basal and activity‐induced AMPAR endocytosis in primary hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of PKD increased synaptic levels of GluA1‐containing AMPARs, slowed down their endocytic trafficking and increased neuronal network activity. By contrast, ectopic expression of constitutive active PKD decreased the synaptic level of AMPARs, while increasing their colocalization with early endosomes. Our results thus establish an important role for PKD in the regulation of postsynaptic AMPAR trafficking during synaptic plasticity.
The parable of Black places
Authors: Purifoy Danielle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrequently defined out of modernity, Black places have been left out of scholarship and public discourse on the future, as defined largely by white‐centred neoliberal notions of progress. This essay observes Black place creation and durability in the midst of forces of capitalist displacement and climate change to consider how Black place practices of relationship‐building, interdependence, and solidarity can be viable models for the future of human societies on Earth.
Thrombocytapheresis for acquired von Willebrand syndrome in a patient with essential thrombocythemia and recent multivisceral transplantation
Authors: Oyedeji Oluwayomi , Sheqwara Jawad , Onwubiko Ifeoma , Lopez‐Plaza Ileana , Nagai Shunji , Otrock Zaher K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEssential thrombocythemia (ET) is associated with increased risk of bleeding secondary to acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). Bleeding in ET requires urgent platelet reduction by cytoreductive therapy such as hydroxyurea or thrombocytapheresis. We report on the efficacy and safety of thrombocytapheresis in managing AVWS in a patient with ET and multivisceral transplantation.Case reportThe patient was a 51‐year‐old female who underwent multivisceral transplantation. Her postoperative course was complicated by bleeding from oral cavity, IV lines, gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts as well as vaginal bleeding, which coincided with ET flare with a platelet count of 1512 × 109/L. Coagulation studies including von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and activity, vWF propeptide antigen, and vWF multimer analysis were consistent with AVWS. Hydroxyurea was initiated. However, due to major bleeding, rapidly increasing platelet count, and uncertainty of response to hydroxyurea being given through the enteral tube, thrombocytapheresis was initiated for rapid platelet reduction. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Platelet count was reduced from 1636 × 109/L to 275 × 109/L with rapid cessation of bleeding. The patient's condition stabilized over the next few days; however, bleeding recurred with increasing platelet count, which required a second thrombocytapheresis 8 days after the first one. The patient was maintained on hydroxyurea 500 mg twice/day. At 11‐month follow‐up, she had a normal platelet count and no recurrence of bleeding.DiscussionThrombocytapheresis is safe and efficient in managing postoperative bleeding due to ET/AVWS in solid organ transplant patients. The procedure can be an adjunct to bridging therapy before response to hydroxyurea is achieved.
Extensive staging has no prognostic value in dogs with low‐risk mast cell tumours
Authors: Fejös Csilla , Troedson Karin , Ignatenko Nataliia , Zablotski Yury , Hirschberger Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), distant metastasis (DM) occurs infrequently. However, high‐risk MCTs or tumours with certain negative prognostic factors (NPFs) are those more prone to develop metastatic disease. Accordingly, a thorough workup might not be necessary for MCTs lacking NPFs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of DM and, therefore, the benefit of extensive staging in dogs presenting with and without NPFs. Furthermore, the association between the selected NPFs and DM was assessed, and factors that may have influenced outcome were evaluated. Dogs presenting with at least one NPF (Patnaik III/Kiupel high‐grade, LN metastasis, rapid growth, ulceration, recurrence, high‐risk location) were defined as high‐risk and without as low‐risk MCTs. Ninety‐nine dogs were included, with 49% of MCTs in the high‐risk and 51% in the low‐risk group. All seven dogs with DM were identified in the high‐risk group; 43% were Patnaik III/Kiupel high‐grade tumours. The median survival time (MST) for this subgroup was 84 days. Patnaik III/Kiupel high‐grade and rapid growth were NPFs significantly associated with DM at staging. Furthermore, a significant difference (p < .001) in MST was demonstrated between the high‐risk and low‐risk groups (899 days vs. not reached). NPFs significantly associated with outcome were rapid growth, presence of DM at staging, and surgical tumour excision. These results indicate that extensive staging in the absence of NPFs does not seem to be beneficial. On the other hand, by using the selected NPFs, a subset of MCTs prone to DM can be identified.