bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European native oysters and associated species richness in the presence of non‐native species in a southern North Sea estuary complex
Authors: Lown Alice E. , Hepburn Leanne J. , Heywood Jane L. , Cameron Tom C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are growing calls to restore populations of European native oysters (Ostrea edulis), on the premise that restored populations will support a range of ecosystem services with an emphasis placed on restored oyster habitats promoting biological diversity, however benefits associated with naturally occurring O. edulis remain unclear. We undertook biannual surveys in the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Estuaries Marine Conservation Zone (BCRC.MCZ), a highly sedimented estuary complex in the southern North Sea, to investigate links between natural densities of O. edulis (0–4.2 m−2), the prevalence of other dominant habitat features such as non‐native slipper limpet (Crepidula fornicata), dead shell abundance and epibenthic macroinvertebrate species richness. Increased epibenthic species richness was associated with O. edulis, even at densities below the OSPAR Commission recognized definition of an oyster bed (5 oysters m−2). Our analysis predicts increased associated species richness with density of native oysters (e.g., +1.6 additional species at 1 oyster m−2 or + 2.8 species at 5 oysters m−2), but only in areas with lower density of C. fornicata. Where C. fornicata are at higher density, the potential benefits of oyster restoration for associated species were curtailed. This may explain the observed asymptotic relationship between oyster density and diversity at 1 oyster m−2. In these and other high Crepidula density areas we recommend extending native oyster habitat even at low density. This may be of particular interest to areas with the protozoan oyster parasite Bonamia ostreae, which spreads more easily in high‐density areas. These lower density thresholds should also be considered for future management decisions—closing harvests so they do not reduce density further and impair biodiversity services of the habitats. In conclusion, while C. fornicata may be a useful oyster settlement substrate, we find that it limits the potential increases in associated species gains of oyster restoration.
Data‐driven estimates of global litter production imply slower vegetation carbon turnover
Authors: He Yue , Wang Xuhui , Wang Kai , Tang Shuchang , Xu Hao , Chen Anping , Ciais Philippe , Li Xiangyi , Peñuelas Josep , Piao Shilong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccurate quantification of vegetation carbon turnover time (τveg) is critical for reducing uncertainties in terrestrial vegetation response to future climate change. However, in the absence of global information of litter production, τveg could only be estimated based on net primary productivity under the steady‐state assumption. Here, we applied a machine‐learning approach to derive a global dataset of litter production by linking 2401 field observations and global environmental drivers. Results suggested that the observation‐based estimate of global natural ecosystem litter production was 44.3 ± 0.4 Pg C year−1. By contrast, land‐surface models (LSMs) overestimated the global litter production by about 27%. With this new global litter production dataset, we estimated global τveg (mean value 10.3 ± 1.4 years) and its spatial distribution. Compared to our observation‐based τveg, modelled τveg tended to underestimate τveg at high latitudes. Our empirically derived gridded datasets of litter production and τveg will help constrain global vegetation models and improve the prediction of global carbon cycle.
Morphological and molecular changes following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy of oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Badr Nahla M , Spooner David , Steven Jane , Stevens Andrea , Shaaban Abeer M 
Published: January 2021

AimsNeoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) is used in the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer. The optimal method for histological assessment of response and the effect of NAET on the tumour morphology, grade and molecular profile remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the NAET effect on tumour type, grade and molecular profile by analysing a well‐characterised cohort of breast cancer samples in a single large UK tertiary referral centre, and to provide guidance on the pathological assessment of those lesions to inform adjuvant management and prognosis.Methods and resultsA single large‐institution cohort of 132 patients who received NAET over a 13‐year period was identified. Comprehensive clinical, histopathological and follow‐up data were collected. A detailed histological review of a subset with residual post‐treatment carcinoma was undertaken. Two carcinomas (both of the lobular type) achieved complete pathological response. Central scarring was seen in 49.3% of tumours post‐treatment. Significant changes in tumour type (41.6%), tumour grade (downgrading in one‐third of tumours), and progesterone receptor (PR) expression (22.3%), with a switch to PR‐negative status in 17.6% of cases, were observed. The last of these was associated with an absence of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.005). Ten per cent of cases showed a change in HER2 expression (P = 0.002). The median patient survival was 60 months, and downgrading of tumours was associated with better overall survival (P = 0.05).ConclusionsWe propose a histological method for assessment of residual carcinoma following NAET, and recommend repeat ER/PR/HER2 testing to inform management and prognosis.
Impact of cucumber pomace fortification on the nutritional, sensorial and technological quality of soft wheat flour‐based noodles
Authors: Saad Ahmed M. , El‐Saadony Mohamed T. , Mohamed Alaa S. , Ahmed Alshaymaa I. , Sitohy Mahmoud Z. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe aim of the work was to study the effect of adding cucumber pomace powder (CP) to soft wheat flour used in noodle manufacture. CP is a rich source of minerals and fibres, having high contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were 1.6 mg g−1 GAE and 0.65 mg g−1 QE, respectively, besides its capability to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth and to scavenge DPPH˙ (74.44%). The dough rheological properties showed increased extensibility and water absorption but decreased elasticity with adding CP. CP addition significantly increased the mineral and polyphenols content in noodles, but decreased protein and carbohydrates. Noodles enriched with CP 6% have the best organoleptic properties and overall acceptability and were associated with high levels of essential minerals, reduced cooking time by 44% over the control and better nutritional value. No deteriorative changes in dried noodles occurred during 12 months. Cooked noodles enriched with CP 6% significantly reduced the microbial load.
3D Interactive Modeling of Pipe Failure in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Dawood Thikra , Elwakil Emad , Novoa Hector Mayol , Delgado José Fernando Gárate 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe increased incidences of pipe breaks worldwide are posing a serious threat to potable water security in urban communities. The consequences may involve water loss and service interruptions, compromised water quality, infrastructure disruptions, and loss of revenue. Thus, creating failure assessment models is quite crucial to sustain water distribution networks (WDNs) and to optimize maintenance spending. This research paper aims at developing an assessment framework for water systems, as well as modeling the failure phenomena toward sustainable management of underground infrastructure. The city of El Pedregal in Peru was chosen to exemplify the methodology of the research due to the rapid pace of urbanization and growing economic activities in the region, which make water infrastructure even more critical. The framework is based on the application of modeling techniques stemming from statistical regression analysis (RA) and 3D schematic representation. First, the influential factors that lead to the deterioration of the WDNs are determined. Second, the RA technique is leveraged to evaluate and model the failure rate through consecutive simulation operations and a 3D surface plot. Finally, the efficacy of the model is investigated using different performance metrics, in conjunction with a residual analysis scheme. The validation results revealed the robustness of the model with R‐squared (R2) and the sum of squares error (SSE) of 0.9767 and 0.0008, respectively. The developed model is a predictive tool that can be used by municipal engineers as a preemptive measure against future pipeline bursts or leaks.
The miRNA‐15b/USP7/KDM6B axis engages in the initiation of osteoporosis by modulating osteoblast differentiation and autophagy
Authors: Lu Xiaohui , Zhang Yuantao , Zheng Yin , Chen Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is a metabolic disease that results from oxidative stress or inflammation in renal disorders. microRNAs (miRNAs) are recently implicated to participate in osteoporosis, but the mechanism remains largely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential role of miR‐15b in osteoblast differentiation and autophagy in osteoporosis. We established osteoporosis models through ovariectomy and determined that miR‐15b was highly expressed whereas USP7 and KDM6B were poorly expressed in tissue of osteoporosis mice. Treatment of silenced miR‐15b resulted in the elevation of decreased bone mineral density (BMD), the maximum elastic stress and the maximum load of osteoporosis mice. In osteoblasts, miR‐15 overexpression decreased proliferation but suppressed the cell differentiation and autophagy, accompanied with decreased expression of USP7. Mechanistically, miR‐15 bound and inhibited USP7 expression, while overexpression of USP7 promoted autophagy of osteoblasts. USP7, importantly, strengthened the stability of KDM6B and promoted KDM6B expression. MG132 protease inhibitor increased KDM6B and USP7 expression in osteoblasts. Silencing of KDM6B reversed the promoting effect on autophagy and proliferation induced by overexpression of USP7. Taken altogether, miR‐15b inhibits osteoblast differentiation and autophagy to aggravate osteoporosis by targeting USP7 to regulate KDM6B expression.
Family‐of‐origin rejection on suicidal ideation among a sexual minority sample
Authors: VanBergen Alexandra M. , Love Heather A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Among sexual minority populations, suicide risk is elevated; this can be explained by minority stress. One such source of minority stress is family‐of‐origin rejection, a known risk factor for suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents; however, less is known about this association among sexual minority adults. While navigating the intersection of minority stress theory and the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study sought to evaluate the impact of family‐of‐origin rejection distress on suicidal ideation among a sample of adults with marginalized sexual orientations. Recruited for two larger studies, 325 LGB participants (64.3% cisgender, 35.7% transgender or nonbinary) completed an online survey concerning minority stressors, depressive symptoms, and suicide. Using cross‐sectional mediation analysis, family‐of‐origin rejection distress was indirectly associated with suicidal thoughts through depressive symptoms. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Topical cream containing live lactobacilli decreases malodor‐producing bacteria and downregulates genes encoding PLP‐dependent enzymes on the axillary skin microbiome of healthy adult Nigerians
Authors: Onwuliri Victoria , Agbakoba Nneka R. , Anukam Kingsley C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical data exist that support the utility of topical probiotics for certain dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. However, there is paucity of data on the use of live lactobacilli to control axillary malodor. The objective of this study was to determine whether application of topical oil‐based cream containing live Lactobacilli could decrease malodor‐producing bacteria in the axilla of healthy subjects.AimsTo determine the effects of topical cream with live lactobacilli on malodor‐producing bacteria in the axilla of healthy subjects.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐five adult volunteers comprising 12 males and 13 females provided informed consent. Axillary skin swabs were collected before and after 14 days application of topical cream containing live Lactobacillus pentosus KCA1. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and V4 region of the 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced in a pair‐end configuration on the Illumina MiSeq platform rendering 2 × 150 bp sequences. Microbial taxonomy to species level was generated using the Greengenes database. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was used to identify biologically and statistically significant differences in relative abundance.ResultsActinobacteria decreased from 70% to 24%, and Firmicutes increased from 26.6% to 73.9% among the female participants. In males, Actinobacteria decreased from 65% to 38%, while Firmicutes increased from 24% to 57%. Corynebacterium decreased from 62.91% to 36.63%, while Lactobacillus increased from 0.06% to 23.11%. In males, unliked females, there were reduction of Staphylococcus species associated with malodor, notably Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Bacterial functional gene‐ Pyridoxal protein dependent enzymes involved in biotransformation of malodor precursor to volatile thioalcohols were down‐regulated.ConclusionsApplication of Lactobacillus pentosus KCA1 cream led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of odor‐producing Corynebacterium species in both female and male subjects. Some species associated with malodor especially Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, and Staphylococcus hominis decreased by 96%, 73%, 7%, and 20.8%, respectively, in males.
Factors associated with teaching efficacy among nurse educators in hospital settings
Authors: Shin Sujin , Kang Youngmi , Hwang Eun Hee , Kim Jeonghyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe objective of this study was to examine differences in personal characteristics, core practice competency and role stress according to levels of teaching efficacy among clinical nurse educators working in general hospitals.BackgroundIn the clinical setting, successful adaptation to instruction among practicing clinical nurse educators is challenging.DesignSecondary analysis of data through a cross‐sectional study design was adopted.MethodsOriginally, 565 nurses were recruited from general hospitals; 364 were included in this study. Participants were nurses with more than 1 year of experience in various settings from 16 general hospitals wherein nursing students trained for clinical practicum in five cities in South Korea. Self‐reported data were collected via the Teaching Efficacy, Core Practice Competency and Perceived Stress Scales assessing clinical education‐related teaching efficacy, core practice competency and role stress. In the analyses, comparison between nurses with high and low teaching efficacy was conducted. We have followed through the EQUATOR (e.g. STROBE) research checklist for the preparation of this manuscript.ResultsAccording to univariate analysis, levels of teaching efficacy were shown to be higher with age, longer clinical careers, in those undergoing a doctoral course or with a doctorate, previous experience in providing clinical education and enrolment in continuing education for clinical education. In the multivariate analysis, enrolment in continuing education for clinical education, assessment and intervention skills, critical thinking skills, teaching skills and role ambiguity were associated with level of teaching efficacy among nurse educators.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we recommend that nursing administrators should foster the recognition of personal characteristics in potential clinical nurse educators or preceptors with high teaching efficacy.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should be supported by providing them with opportunities for professional development to enhance teaching efficacy.
Integration of nursing services provided to patients with heart failure living at home: A longitudinal ethnographic study
Authors: Bjornsdottir Kristin , Ketilsdottir Audur , Gudnadottir Margret , Kristinsdottir Inga V. , Ingadottir Brynja 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to (1) describe the development of integrated services between hospital‐based heart failure nursing services and municipally located home care nurses’ services and (2) identify the benefits of this collaboration for the development of home care nursing services.BackgroundGovernments have called for better integration of healthcare services to respond to demographic ageing. Clinical pathways have been used to enhance integration and assure continuity between primary and secondary care. Competencies in addressing advanced health issues among home care nurses must be improved.DesignA longitudinal ethnographic study of the development of home care nursing services for persons living with heart failure.MethodsData were field notes from observations at meetings of the steering group designing the services, visits to patients’ homes and from educational sessions. Interviews were conducted with the home care nurses, heart failure nurses and focus group meetings with nurses working in home care nursing. Reporting adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies checklist.ResultsIn a collaborative project, nurses from the two settings developed nursing services to address signs indicating exacerbation of heart failure and risk of hospital visits, involving advanced heart failure monitoring and treatment in patients’ homes. A clinical pathway was developed to assure effective assessment of patients’ condition. The home care nurses gained new knowledge and developed work practices that called for different competencies. Access to consultation from specialised heart failure nurses was instrumental in this transition.ConclusionsThe development of nursing services by integrating primary and secondary services facilitates translation of knowledge, competencies and understandings between nurses at different settings. Such integration can foster expertise in nursing services.Relevance to clinical practiceThe transfer of specialised healthcare services to primary care facilitates collaboration and sharing of knowledge, understanding and work practices.
The effects of a psycho‐educational intervention to improve pain management after day surgery: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Valeberg Berit T. , Dihle Alfhild , Småstuen Milada C. , Endresen Anne O. , Rustøen Tone 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a psycho‐educational intervention for shoulder and breast day surgery patients in decreasing pain intensity and pain interference with function and strengthening adherence with the analgesic regimen; and further to identify factors that influence average pain intensity and pain interference with function.BackgroundPain is one of the most prevalent symptoms after day surgery. However, pain management is left to the patients and family, and interventions to help patients are needed.DesignRandomised clinical trial with an intervention (n = 101) and a usual care group (n = 119) using multiple measurements during 6 months postoperatively. The CONSORT checklist is used.MethodsPatients in the intervention group received a booklet about pain and pain management and coaching by research nurses on postoperative days 2, 3 and 7. Differences between groups were identified using the chi‐squared analysis and t tests. Changes with time were identified using a linear mixed model with repeated measures.ResultsAfter controlling for covariates, group differences at any time in average pain intensity and pain interference with function were not statistically significant. Changes over time within any one group in average pain intensity and pain interference with function were statistically significant and decreased with time. Higher levels of average pain intensity and pain interference over time were associated with shoulder surgery, female, younger, pain expectation, preoperative pain and poorer adherence.ConclusionsNo group differences related to the intervention were revealed, and preoperative teaching together with a pain management booklet and coaching may help to strengthen the intervention's effects. Further research on interventions directed towards pain management is needed.Relevance to clinical practiceDay surgery patients’ postoperative pain and pain management is not satisfactorily handled. To encourage and educate patients to use the prescribed analgesics in the immediate postoperative days may be necessary to enhance pain management.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01595035).
Factors affecting Thai pregnant women's decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for β‐thalassemia
Authors: Phaophan Amprapha , Mongkolchat Nadda , Chuenwattana Prakong , Viboonchart Sommai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the factors influencing decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis (PND) and termination of pregnancy for β‐thalassemia in Thai pregnant women.MethodsA total of 142 Thai Buddhist pregnant women waiting for PND were asked to undertake semi‐structured interviews regarding their reasons for PND and their decisions and reasoning concerning pregnancy if the fetus was found to be affected. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic content approach.ResultsThai pregnant women accepted PND for three reasons: to know whether their pregnancies were affected, to confirm that their pregnancies were unaffected and to terminate if their pregnancies were affected. Three decisions identified among the women were to terminate the pregnancy, to continue the pregnancy and undecided. The interview analysis identified five themes and nine sub‐themes affecting pregnancy‐related decision‐making: (i) quality of life (suffering or no disability); (ii) burden (difficulty or acceptability); (iii) sense of motherhood (the best way for the child or I cannot hurt my child); (iv) significant others (support to terminate, support to continue or support to wait for the test result) and (v) conflict in deciding.ConclusionAn acceptance of PND in Thai pregnant women was not always associated with pregnancy termination. Multiple factors influenced the decision to terminate, but not their religious affiliation.
Hebrew, Yiddish and the creation of contesting Jewish places in Kazimierz
Authors: Burdin Rachel Steindel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the use of Hebrew and Yiddish in the linguistic landscape of Kazimierz, the Jewish quarter of Krakow, Poland. Specifically, I examine how the use of these languages in primarily symbolic modes as a part of the Jewish ethnolinguistic repertoire is a part of the creation of three different types of Jewish places in the quarter. These places present different stances towards whether or not Jewishness can exist in present‐day Poland, which are, in turn, reacted to by American Jewish visitors to the quarter. This work shows that nonvernacular and fragmented use of languages, while in some cases is a part of the construction of a purely commodified “Disneyfied” landscape in which users of those languages have been displaced, in others, it can be perceived as a sign of more authentic community revitalization.