bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4‐Methylumbelliferone promotes the migration and odontogenetic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide in vitro
Authors: Chen Weiting , Guan Yun , Xu Fangfang , Jiang Beizhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is essential to inflammatory regulation. 4‐Methylumbelliferone (4‐mu), as the specific inhibitor of HA synthesis, is an anti‐inflammatory in multiple systems. However, there have been no studies, to our knowledge, regarding 4‐mu treatment in pulp inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 4‐mu on biological behaviors in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. hDPSCs were exposed to LPS to construct the inflammation model in vitro. Immunocytochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit‐8, scratch/Transwell assay, and alizarin red staining/alkaline phosphatase staining were selected to explore the effect of 4‐mu on the expression of inflammatory factors, cell proliferation, cell migration, and the odontogenic differentiation ability of hDPSCs. LPS stimulated hDPSCs to highly express the related inflammatory factors and CD44 (the major HA receptor), which were all inhibited by 0.1 mM of 4‐mu. In addition, the cell proliferation ability of hDPSCs was suppressed by 4‐mu, while cell migration and odontogenic differentiation abilities were significantly improved under inflammation. In conclusion, 4‐mu suppressed inflammatory cytokines in inflamed hDPSCs and had a positive effect on the migration and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
Mitochondrial iron and calcium homeostasis in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Tamarit Jordi , Britti Elena , Delaspre Fabien , Medina‐Carbonero Marta , Sanz‐Alcázar Arabela , Cabiscol Elisa , Ros Joaquim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFriedreich Ataxia is a neuro‐cardiodegenerative disease caused by the deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein. Many evidences indicate that frataxin deficiency causes an unbalance of iron homeostasis. Nevertheless, in the last decade many results also highlighted the importance of calcium unbalance in the deleterious downstream effects caused by frataxin deficiency. In this review, the role of these two metals has been gathered to give a whole view of how iron and calcium dyshomeostasys impacts on cellular functions and, as a result, which strategies can be followed to find an effective therapy for the disease.
COVID‐19 and Moroccan nursing students: A multicentre cross‐sectional survey on their related knowledge, attitudes and practices
Authors: Fakhri Nada , Jallal Manar , Belabbes Sanaa , Khudur Khulud , Kaddar Rochdi , Oubaasri Ahmed , Elhadraoui Najia , Mohammed Abdallahi Ndjoubnane , Al Hassani Wafaa , Nejjari Chakib , Belouali Radouane , Khalis Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of Moroccan nursing students towards COVID‐19.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodData were collected using an online questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and 24 items about COVID‐19‐related knowledge, attitudes and practices.ResultsA total of 1,216 nursing students participated in this study. About 82% of the participants reported that the COVID‐19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected individuals. The most clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 correctly identified by participants were fever (97.6%), dry cough (92.4%), dyspnoea (82%) and fatigue (74.9%). More than 56.6% of the participants were afraid of being affected by COVID‐19. Almost all participants reported that they avoid crowded places frequently. About 93.4% of the participants declared frequently wearing face mask when leaving home, and 85.5% maintained social distancing frequently. However, only 47.4% reported that they frequently washed their hands. About 51% stated that coronavirus outbreak has considerably changed their daily routines.
De-Escalated Adjuvant Therapy After Transoral Robotic Surgery for Human Papillomavirus-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: The Sinai Robotic Surgery (SIRS) Trial
Authors: Miles Brett A. , Posner Marshall R. , Gupta Vishal , Teng Marita S. , Bakst Richard L. , Yao Mike , Misiukiewicz Kryzsztof J. , Chai Raymond L. , Sharma Sonam , Westra William H. , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Dayal Bheesham , Sobotka Stanislaw , Sikora Andrew G. , Som Peter M. , Genden Eric M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Treatment of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPVOPC) results in unprecedented high survival rates but possibly unnecessary toxicity. We hypothesized that upfront surgery and neck dissection followed by reduced-dose adjuvant therapy for early and intermediate HPVOPC would ultimately result in equivalent progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival while reducing toxicity.

Methods
This study was a nonrandomized phase II trial for early-stage HPVOPC treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) followed by reduced-dose radiotherapy. Patients with previously untreated p16-positive HPVOPC and &lt;20 pack years’ smoking history were enrolled. After robotic surgery, patients were assigned to group 1 (no poor risk features; surveillance), group 2 (intermediate pathologic risk factors [perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion]; 50-Gy radiotherapy), or group 3 (poor prognostic pathologic factors [extranodal extension [ENE], more than three positive lymph nodes and positive margin]; concurrent 56-Gy chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin).

Results
Fifty-four patients were evaluable; there were 25 in group 1, 15 in group 2, and 14 in group 3. Median follow-up was 43.9 months (9.6–75.8). Disease-specific survival was 98.1%, and PFS was 90.7%. PFS probability via Kaplan-Meier was 91.3% for group 1, 86.7% for group 2, and 93.3% for group 3. There were five locoregional failures (LRFs), including one distant metastasis and one contralateral second primary. Average time to LRF was 18.9 months (9.6–59.0); four LRFs were successfully salvaged, and the patients remain disease free (11.0–42.7 months); one subject remains alive with disease.

Conclusion
The results indicate that upfront surgery with neck dissection with reduced-dose radiation for T1–2, N1 stage (by the eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual) HPVOPC results in favorable survival with excellent function in this population. These results support radiation dose reduction after TORS as a de-escalation strategy in HPVOPC.

Implications for Practice
Transoral robotic surgery can provide a safe platform for de-escalation in carefully selected patients with early-stage human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer. In this clinical trial, disease-specific survival was 100%, over 90% of the cohort had a reduction of therapy from standard of care with excellent functional results, and the five patients with observed locoregional failures were successfully salvaged.
Effect of Potato Protein on Thermal and Rheological Characteristics of Maize Starches with Different Amylose Contents
Authors: Gałkowska Dorota , Dudycz Anna , Juszczak Lesław 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of potato protein (PP) on thermal and rheological characteristics of maize starches with different amylose contents. Samples are prepared by substituting 0, 1, 2, or 3 parts by weight of PP for 10 parts by weight of high amylose (HA), common (CM), or waxy (WM) maize starch. The PP has a different influence on the gelatinization characteristics of starch. Gelatinization enthalpy of the CM and WM starches increases from 12.08 to 21.76 J g–1 and from 16.95 to 25.62 J g–1, respectively, when the highest amount of the PP is used. Pasting temperature of the HA and CM starches decrease by 0.3–1.56 °C and 0.43–3.60 °C, respectively, while that of WM starch remains unchanged. The HA starch–PP pastes show higher final viscosity (736 × 10–3–2123 × 10–3 Pa s) than the starch‐only paste (580 × 10–3 Pa s). The starch‐protein pastes exhibit a shear‐thinning flow and a phenomenon of thixotropy. Substitution of the part of the HA or CM starch with the PP result in weakened viscoelastic structures of the produced gels, while the WM starch gel structure is strengthened. Results of the study may be useful in designing maize starch‐based foods supplemented with potato protein.
Patterns of invasive recurrence among patients originally treated for ductal carcinoma in situ by breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy
Authors: Pawloski Kate R. , Tadros Audree B. , Sevilimedu Varadan , Newman Ashley , Gentile Lori , Zabor Emily C. , Morrow Monica , Van Zee Kimberly J. , Kirstein Laurie J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Local recurrence after treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is more common than after mastectomy, but it is unclear if patterns of invasive recurrence vary by initial surgical therapy. Among patients with invasive recurrence after treatment for DCIS, we compared patterns of first recurrence between those originally treated with BCS vs. mastectomy.

Methods
From 2000 to 2016, women with an invasive recurrence occurring ≥ 6 months after initial treatment for DCIS were retrospectively identified. Clinicopathologic features and adjuvant treatment of the initial DCIS, as well as characteristics of first invasive recurrences, were compared between patients who had undergone BCS vs. mastectomy.

Results
452 patients with an invasive recurrence after surgery for DCIS were identified: 367 patients (81%) had initially undergone BCS and 85 patients (19%) mastectomy. Patients originally treated with mastectomy were younger and were more likely to have had high grade, necrosis, and multifocal or multicentric DCIS (p < 0.001) compared with the BCS group. A higher proportion of invasive recurrences were local after BCS (93%; 343/367), whereas 88% (75/85) of recurrences after mastectomy were regional or distant (p < 0.001). The median time to first invasive recurrence was not different between surgical groups (BCS: 6.4 years vs. mastectomy: 5.5 years; p = 0.12).

Conclusions
Among women who experienced a first invasive recurrence after treatment for DCIS, those who had originally undergone mastectomy more commonly presented with advanced disease compared to those treated with BCS, likely related to the absence of the breast and the higher risk profile of their initial DCIS.
Heart rate, intelligence in adolescence, and Parkinson’s disease later in life
Authors: Longinetti Elisa , Zhan Yiqiang , Sata Mizuki , Larsson Henrik , D′Onofrio Brian M. , Iso Hiroyasu , Wirdefeldt Karin , Fang Fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate whether physical and cognitive fitness measured in late adolescence was associated with future risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The cohort included 1,259,485 Swedish men with physical fitness, body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure, intelligence quotient (IQ), and stress resilience measured at the age of 17–20 in relation to conscription. Incident cases of PD were ascertained from the Swedish Patient Register. Hazard ratios were estimated from Cox models, after controlling for multiple confounders. We further performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causality of the associations, using GWAS summary statistics with > 800,000 individuals. During follow-up, we identified 1,034 cases of PD (mean age at diagnosis = 53). Men with an RHR > 100 beats per minute had a higher risk of PD compared to men with an RHR of 60–100 beats per minute (HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08–1.99). Men with IQ above the highest tertile had a higher risk of PD compared to men with an IQ below the lowest tertile (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.19–1.79). We found no association for physical fitness, BMI, blood pressure, or stress resilience. A causal relationship was suggested by the MR analysis between IQ and PD, but not between RHR and PD. RHR and IQ in late adolescence were associated with a higher risk of PD diagnosed at relatively young age. The association of IQ with PD is likely causal, whereas the association of RHR with PD suggests that altered cardiac autonomic function might start before 20 years of age in PD.
A longitudinal study of e-commerce diversity in Europe
Authors: Sadowski Adam , Lewandowska-Gwarda Karolina , Pisarek-Bartoszewska Renata , Engelseth Per 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOwing to increased access to the Internet and the development of electronic commerce, e-commerce has become a common method of shopping in all countries. The purpose of this study is more precisely to research e-commerce diversity in Europe at the regional level and develop the conception of “E-commerce Supply Chain Management”. Statistical data derived from the European Statistical Office were applied to analyse the spatial diversity of e-retailing. Assessments of the regional diversity of e-retailing applied geographic information systems and exploratory spatial data analysis methods such us global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics. Clusters of regions with similar household preferences related to online shopping were identified. A spatial visualisation of the e-retailing diversity phenomenon may be utilised for the reconfiguration of supply chains and to adapt them to actual household preferences related to shopping methods.
Parental Warmth and Hostility and the Development of Psychopathic Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study of Young Offenders
Authors: Backman Heidi , Laajasalo Taina , Jokela Markus , Aronen Eeva T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParental behaviors may shape levels of psychopathic traits and antisocial outcomes among youth. To better evaluate the potential causality of these associations, we used eight follow-ups from the Pathways to Desistance study of 1354 offending adolescents (14.3% female; 40.1% black) and examined whether within-individual variation in parenting over time was associated with within-individual variation in psychopathic traits and offending. Multilevel regression models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, contact with parental figure, and self-reported offending. Adolescent self-reported parental warmth was associated with lower psychopathic traits, and parental hostility with higher psychopathic traits. The results indicated that the more supportive and nurturing the parent, the lower the levels of psychopathic traits, whereas the more hostile the parent, the higher the levels, respectively. In addition, self-reported offending was predicted by higher parental hostility and lower maternal warmth. In time-lagged analysis, psychopathic traits did not predict parental behaviors. In young offenders parental warmth may protect against development of psychopathic traits in adolescence, whereas parental hostility may strengthen these traits. We conclude, that parenting quality matters in adolescence. Warm parenting style at this developmental period associates with lower psychopathic features among young offenders possibly lowering the risk of further criminal activity.
Extending vegetation site data and ensemble models to predict patterns of foliage cover and species richness for plant functional groups
Authors: McNellie Megan J. , Oliver Ian , Ferrier Simon , Newell Graeme , Manion Glenn , Griffioen Peter , White Matt , Koen Terry , Somerville Michael , Gibbons Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextEnsembles of artificial neural network models can be trained to predict the continuous characteristics of vegetation such as the foliage cover and species richness of different plant functional groups.ObjectivesOur first objective was to synthesise existing site-based observations of native plant species to quantify summed percentage foliage cover and species richness within four functional groups and in totality. Secondly, we generated spatially-explicit, continuous, landscape-scale models of these functional groups, accompanied by maps of the model residuals to show uncertainty.MethodsUsing a case study from New South Wales, Australia, we aggregated floristic observations from 6806 sites into four common plant growth forms (trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs) representing four different functional groups. We coupled these response data with spatially-complete surfaces describing environmental predictors and predictors that reflect landscape-scale disturbance. We predicted the distribution of foliage cover and species richness of these four plant functional groups over 1.5 million hectares. Importantly, we display spatially explicit model residuals so that end-users have a tangible and transparent means of assessing model uncertainty.ResultsModels of richness generally performed well (R20.43–0.63), whereas models of cover were more variable (R20.12–0.69). RMSD ranged from 1.42 (tree richness) to 29.86 (total native cover). MAE ranged from 1.0 (tree richness) to 20.73 (total native foliage cover).ConclusionsContinuous maps of vegetation attributes can add considerable value to existing maps and models of discrete vegetation classes and provide ecologically informative data to support better decisions across multiple spatial scales.
Convergence theorems on multi-dimensional homogeneous quantum walks
Authors: Sako Hiroki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a general framework for quantum walks on d-dimensional spaces. We investigate asymptotic behavior of these walks. We prove that every homogeneous walks with finite degree of freedom have limit distribution. This theorem can also be applied to every crystal lattice. In this theorem, it is not necessary to assume that the support of the initial unit vector is finite. We also pay attention on 1-cocycles, which is related to Heisenberg representation of time evolution of observables. For homogeneous walks with finite degree of freedom, convergence of averages of 1-cocycles associated with the position observable is also proved.
The Evidence Base for the Benefits of Functional Septorhinoplasty and its Future Post COVID-19
Authors: Unadkat Samit N. , Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Auer Deborah , Khwaja Sadie , Randhawa Premjit S. , Andrews Peter J. , Saleh Hesham A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEver since the introduction of the concept of Procedures of Limited Clinical Value (PoLCV), procedures such as functional septorhinoplasty have been subject to additional funding restrictions within the British National Health Service. Recent publications have suggested that 10% of Clinical Commissioning Groups in the United Kingdom no longer fund septorhinoplasty surgery irrespective of the indications, including congenital malformations or post-trauma, and despite the strong evidence available in the literature in treating a range of health conditions. Thus, inequity exists across the country. At present functional septorhinoplasty surgery is frequently but incorrectly grouped together with aesthetic rhinoplasty, both of which are deemed to be cosmetic interventions. Moreover, as we exit the peak of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, procedures deemed to be of lower clinical priority will potentially be at risk throughout Europe. The purpose of this review is twofold; the first is to put forward the evidence to commissioners in favor of functional septorhinoplasty surgery on patient well-being and mental health; the second is to demonstrate why functional septorhinoplasty surgery is a distinct procedure from aesthetic rhinoplasty and why it ought not to be classified as a procedure of limited clinical value.
Increased beat-to-beat variability of cerebral microcirculatory perfusion during atrial fibrillation: a near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Scarsoglio Stefania , Canova Daniela , Roatta Silvestro , Gianotto Nefer , Piccotti Alessandro , Franzin Simone , Gaita Fiorenzo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Ridolfi Luca , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is associated with cognitive decline/dementia, independently from clinical strokes or transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). Recent in silico data suggested that AFib may induce transient critical haemodynamic events in the cerebral microcirculation. The aim of this study is to use non-invasive spatially resolved cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (SRS-NIRS) to investigate in vivo beat-to-beat microcirculatory perfusion during AFib and after sinus rhythm (SR) restoration.

Methods and results
Cerebral SRS-NIRS with high-frequency sampling (20 Hz) and non-invasive systemic haemodynamic monitoring were recorded before and after elective electrical cardioversion (ECV) for AFib or atrial flutter (AFL). To assess beat-to-beat effects of the rhythm status, the frequency distribution of inter-beat differences in tissue haemoglobin index (THI), a proxy of microcirculatory cerebral perfusion, was compared before and after SR restoration. Fifty-three AFib/AFL patients (mean age 69 ± 8 years, 79% males) were ultimately enrolled. Cardioversion was successful in restoring SR in 51 (96%) patients. In front of a non-significant decrease in arterial blood pressure extreme events between pre- and post-ECV measurements, a significant decrease of both hypoperfusive and hyperperfusive/hypertensive microcirculatory events was observed after SR restoration (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.041, respectively).

Conclusion
The present is the first in vivo demonstration that SR restoration by ECV significantly reduces the burden of extreme single-beat haemodynamic events in cerebral microcirculation. Future studies are needed to assess whether SR maintenance might slow long-term AFib-correlated cognitive decline/dementia.
Research and Exploratory Analysis Driven—Time-data Visualization (read-tv) software
Authors: Del Gaizo John , Catchpole Ken R , Alekseyenko Alexander V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Research & Exploratory Analysis Driven Time-data Visualization (read-tv) is an open source R Shiny application for visualizing irregularly and regularly spaced longitudinal data. read-tv provides unique filtering and changepoint analysis (CPA) features. The need for these analyses was motivated by research of surgical work-flow disruptions in operating room settings. Specifically, for the analysis of the causes and characteristics of periods of high disruption-rates, which are associated with adverse surgical outcomes.

Materials and Methods
read-tv is a graphical application, and the main component of a package of the same name. read-tv generates and evaluates code to filter and visualize data. Users can view the visualization code from within the application, which facilitates reproducibility. The data input requirements are simple, a table with a time column with no missing values. The input can either be in the form of a file, or an in-memory dataframe– which is effective for rapid visualization during curation.

Results
We used read-tv to automatically detect surgical disruption cascades. We found that the most common disruption type during a cascade was training, followed by equipment.

Discussion
read-tv fills a need for visualization software of surgical disruptions and other longitudinal data. Every visualization is reproducible, the exact source code that read-tv executes to create a visualization is available from within the application. read-tv is generalizable, it can plot any tabular dataset given the simple requirements that there is a numeric, datetime, or datetime string column with no missing values. Finally, the tab-based architecture of read-tv is easily extensible, it is relatively simple to add new functionality by implementing a tab in the source code.

Conclusion
read-tv enables quick identification of patterns through customizable longitudinal plots; faceting; CPA; and user-specified filters. The package is available on GitHub under an MIT license.