bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Psychiatric and Related Somatic Medications on the Duration
and Severity of COVID-19: A Retrospective Explorative Multi-center Study from
the German Metropolitan Ruhr-area
Authors: Bonnet Udo , Claus BenediktBernd , Schaefer Martin , Kuhn Jens , Nyhuis Peter , Scherbaum Norbert , Brüne Martin , Wakili Velat , Juckel Georg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Several psychiatric and somatic medications are assumed to
improve COVID-19-symptoms. These include antidepressants, antipsychotics, and
anticonvulsants as well as anticoagulants, statins, and
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS)-inhibitors for somatic comorbid
conditions. All these agents may reduce the hyperinflammatory response to
SARS/CoV-2 or the related negative cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes.
Methods In a retrospective longitudinal, multi-center inpatient study, we
sought to explore the influence of psychiatric medications on COVID-19,
comprising the period from diagnosing SARS/CoV-2-infection via PCR
(nasopharyngeal swab) up to the next 21 days. Ninety-six psychiatric inpatients
(mean age [SD] 65.5 (20.1), 54% females) were included. The primary
outcome was the COVID-19-duration. Secondary outcomes included symptom severity
and the presence of residual symptoms.
Results COVID-19-related symptoms emerged in 60 (62.5%) patients,
lasting 6.5 days on average. Six (6.3%) 56–95 years old patients
died from or with COVID-19. COVID-19-duration and residual symptom-presence
(n=22, 18%) were not significantly related to any substance.
Respiratory and neuro-psychiatric symptom-load was significantly and negatively
related to prescription of antidepressants and anticoagulants, respectively.
Fatigue was negatively and positively related to RAAS-inhibitors and
proton-pump-inhibitors, respectively. These significant relationships
disappeared with p-value adjustment owed to multiple testing. The mean total
psychiatric burden was not worsened across the study.
Discussion None of the tested medications was significantly associated
with the COVID-19-duration and -severity up to the end of post-diagnosing week
3. However, there were a few biologically plausible and promising relationships
with antidepressants, anticoagulants, and RAAS-inhibitors before p-value
adjustment. These should encourage larger and prospective studies to re-evaluate
the influence of somatic and psychiatric routine medications on COVID-19-related
health outcomes.
Effectiveness of Moxibustion for Breech Presentation: A Prospective
Study
Authors: Sarsmaz Kemal , Kulah Belkiz Berna , Orgul Gokcen , Tonyalı Nazan Vanlı , Yucel Aykan , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the moxibustion for turning fetuses from breech to
vertex presentation.
Materials and Methods This was a single-center prospective study. All
pregnant women carrying a fetus in breech presentation between the 32 and 35
gestational weeks were offered moxibustion application. The primary outcomes
were vertex presentation at 37 weeks of gestation, vertex presentation at birth,
and vaginal birth rates. A secondary analysis was performed to understand the
effect of parity, type of breech presentation, body mass index (BMI), placental
location, gender, and fetal birth weight on the presentation at birth.
Results There were 63 cases in the study group and 245 cases in the
control group. The rate of vertex presentation at term was found to be higher in
the moxibustion group compared to controls (66.7 vs. 48.2%,
p=0.022). There were 45 (71.4%) and 131 (53.5%) fetuses
with vertex presentation at birth in the study and control groups, respectively
(p=0.020). Overall, vaginal delivery rate was higher in the study group
(50.8 vs. 37.1%, p=0.048). Multiparity and higher birth weight
were associated with increased rates of vertex presentation in the moxibustion
and control groups.
Conclusion Moxibustion application increased the rate of vertex
presentation at birth and also vaginal delivery rate compared with expectant
management. Offering moxibustion between the 32nd and 36th week of gestation may
provide women with a singleton fetus in breech presentation an opportunity for a
vaginal birth.
Validating the Balance of Semi-Professional Dancers by Use of the Jenaer-Standing-Stability-Score (JESS-Score)
Authors: Buder Anja , Derlien Steffen , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction Postural control plays a central role in dance performance. The most dance styles contain manifold balance requirements. However, the data available on balance performance in dance is meagre. The dancers’ balancing ability depends on different components, which are still not totally understood. It can be assumed that standing stability as well as balance and therefore the test results of dancers are better than those of the recently published norm values. The aim of the study is to compare and verify the published standard values of the Jenaer-Standing-Stability-Score (JESS-Score).Material and Methods 24 dancers were included and measured with the first version of the recently published JESS-Score. 11 items include the assessment of mobility, sensorimotor skills, posture control and strength endurance. The dancers average test results are compared to the norm population.Results The dancers reached the norm or were even better concerning the tested items of the JESS-Score.Conclusion Standing stability and balance are basic requirements for dancing. The components measured by the JESS-Score are clearly involved in the equilibrium performance. Moreover, it shows the applicability of the JESS-Score norm values to a healthy, but untrained control population.
The Trajectory of the (η
5-Cyclopentadienyl)cobalt-Mediated Cycloisomerization of Ene-Yne-Ene-Type Allyl Propargylic Ethers to Furans: A DFT Appraisal
Authors: Houk Kendall N. , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Wong Jonathan J. , Chen Xiangyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms by which the complexes CpCoL2 (Cp = C5H5; L = CO or CH2=CH2) mediate the cycloisomerizations of α,δ,ω-enynenes containing allylic ether linkages are probed by DFT methods. The outcomes corroborate experimental results and provide energetic and structural details of the trajectories leading to 3-(oxacyclopentyl or cycloalkyl)furans via the intermediacy of isolable CpCo-η
4-dienes. They comprise initial stereoselective complexation of one of the double bonds and the triple bond, rate-determining oxidative coupling to a triplet 16e cobalta-2-cyclopentene, and terminal double bond docking, followed by stereocontrolled insertion to assemble intermediate cis- and trans-fused triplet cobalta-4-cycloheptenes. A common indicator of the energetic facility of the latter is the extent of parallel alignment of the alkene moiety and its target Co–Cα bond. The cobalta-4-cycloheptenes transform further by β-hydride elimination–reductive elimination to furnish CpCo-η
4-dienes, which are sufficiently kinetically protected to allow for their experimental observation. The cascade continues through cobalt-mediated hydride shifts and dissociation of the aromatic furan ring. The findings in silico with respect to the stereo-, regio-, and chemoselectivity are in consonance with those obtained in vitro.
An Arab Adolescent with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19: A Report from Syria
Authors: Zaino Jaafer , Bakri Abdullah , Al Sayed Ahmad Amani , Hadba Ghadeer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and critical condition that affects children following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and shock. MIS-C has been reported from different parts of the world but rarely from Arab countries. In this report, we describe a 15-year-old Arab boy who was admitted to the ICU during the surge of Coronavirus transmission in Syria with a clinical picture consistent with MIS-C, including high-grade fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, rash, multiorgan dysfunction, and shock. Laboratory profile showed significant elevation of inflammatory markers, negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing but positive serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2. The patient received intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and glucocorticoids with remarkable cardiac improvement and significant alleviation in inflammatory markers. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MIS-C from Syria, which adds to the epidemiological data about this new syndrome.
A novel gravity-assisted automatic docking device for studying diffusion in liquid metal melts assisted by a strong static magnetic field
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Wenhao , Zhou Bangfei , Zheng Tianxiang , Zhong Yunbo , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2021

A novel gravity-assisted automatic docking (GAAD) method is presented for the study of interdiffusion processes in liquid Al–Cu melts. A novel GAAD device was designed to be suitable in a strong static magnetic field (SSMF) with a bore size of 50 mm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to quantitatively analyze the concentration profiles of diffusion capillaries. The interdiffusion coefficient (DAlCu) was measured by applying Fick’s second law. The combination of SSMF and GAAD made the original diffusion interface be easily determined and not be oxidized. The melt convection was completely reduced to reach the pure diffusion state. The performance of this GAAD measurement method assisted by a SSMF was successfully verified by a diffusion experiment in an Al–Cu melt.
Bluefin tuna reveal global patterns of mercury pollution and bioavailability in the world's oceans
Authors: Tseng Chun-Mao , Ang Shin-Jing , Chen Yi-Sheng , Shiao Jen-Chieh , Lamborg Carl H. , He Xiaoshuai , Reinfelder John R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Bluefin tuna (BFT) is an apex predatory, long-lived, migratory pelagic fish that is widely distributed throughout the world's oceans. These fish have very high concentrations of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in their tissues, which increase with age. Our study shows that Hg accumulation rates (MARs) in BFT as a global pollution index can reveal global patterns of Hg pollution and bioavailability in the oceans and further reflect both natural and anthropogenic emissions and regional environmental features. Overall, MARs provide a means to compare Hg bioavailability among geographically distinct populations of upper trophic level marine fish across ocean subbasins, to investigate trophic dynamics of Hg in marine food webs, and furthermore, to improve public health risk assessments of Hg exposure from seafood.
Substrate influence in Northern Quechua languages
Authors: Muysken Pieter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quechua language varieties spread northward into parts of Ecuador, Colombia, and Northern Peru, and were adopted as a native language by speakers of earlier Pacific, Highland, and Amazonian languages in a process of language shift. This process started in the fifteenth century with the Inca state, and is still going on in some regions in the Piedemonte, where speakers of smaller languages are acquiring Quechua as a second, and their ultimately primary language. These Quechua varieties underwent numerous changes which this chapter investigates from the perspective of substrate influence, building on knowledge gathered in creole studies. The chapter further discusses the extent to which substrate influence is relevant to all Northern Quechua varieties or only a subset thereof.
Building grammar in the early stages of development of French Creoles
Authors: Véronique Georges Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter contributes to the research on naturalistic adult Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and the understanding of the early stages of Creole grammar formation. The two sets of data discussed here relate to the acquisition of French as a second language (FSL), and the acquisition of French related Creoles (FRC). Studying developmental sequences in these two acquisition contexts helps understand the internal reconstruction of grammar development in FRC. Despite various methodological challenges (e.g., scarcity and the linguistic nature of the FRC data, how comparable FSL and FRC are, given their respective ecologies), this comparative approach suggests that the linguistic factors that produce pre-basic and basic varieties in SLA are equally at work in the development of creole languages.
Student-teacher e-mail interaction as asynchronous dialogue in an academic setting
Authors: Fusari Sabrina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study analyses a corpus of e-mails exchanged between university students and their teachers, aiming to understand some similarities and differences between computer mediated communication (CMC) and face-to-face dialogue. Methodologically, we combine corpus analysis with systemic functional linguistics to identify patterns of experiential meaning as expressed through verbs, or Processes (Halliday and Matthiessen 2004), looking at how students and teachers co-construct meaning and build rapport via e-mail. The results illustrate both similarities (informality, negotiation, near-synchronicity) and differences (personal disclosure, paralinguistic features) between e-mails and face-to-face dialogue. This seems to indicate that the two should be used in complementary ways to maximize the pragmatic effectiveness of student-teacher interaction, also harnessing the potential of other, more recent CMC technologies, like social networks.
Magnetism versus band-gap relationship in diluted magnetic semiconductors: megatom impurity behavior of the magnetic dopant complexes
Authors: Andriotis Antonis N , Menon Madhu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An analysis of ab initio numerical results obtained for the total energy of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) doped with dopant formations of various structural and spin conformations consisting of 2–4 3D transition metal (TM atoms) has revealed that a dopant formation acts as large impurity atom i.e., as a megatom, in a reverse analogy to the process of the adsorption of sp-atoms onto metallic surfaces. As a result, the d-orbitals of the magnetic dopant formation (the megatom) become hybridized with the sp-bands of the host anions thus creating a number of impurity states which are reflected in the changes of the band gap of the DMS establishing an implicit relationship between the band gap and magnetism. Additional findings also indicate that: (i) the total magnetic moment

M

tot

(

α

)

and the band gap

e

gap

(

α

)

which characterize a DMS with a dopant formation in spin conformation (α) do not vary independently from each other but instead form one composite system parameter. (ii) The per dopant-pair magnetic interactions in dopant formations consisting of more than two dopants are smaller than those obtained for an isolated dopant-pair. These are demonstrated with results obtained for GaN doped with 3D-TM dopant formations.
The effect of cell-size, cross-linking ratio, and force fields on the determination of properties of epoxy crosslinked by heuristic protocol
Authors: Erdol Muhammet , Konukman Alp Er S. , Oktem Ahmet Sinan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research explores the effect of the cell size, cross-linking ratio, and the force fields used in the molecular dynamic simulation for determining the mechanical and thermal properties of cross-linked epoxy formed with a heuristic cross-linking procedure. The effects of the abovementioned variables on density, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and glass transition temperature values by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were evaluated. Epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and hardener diethyl toluene diamine were used in modeling the epoxy. A Heuristic method for reactive molecular dynamics (REACTER) protocol was used as the cross-linking procedure. Firstly, six structure cells were prepared in different cell sizes with a crosslinking ratio of 75%, and a mechanical analysis of all cells was performed. Then, the largest cell was prepared for three different crosslink ratios and its mechanical and thermal properties were calculated. Finally, the mechanical properties of the largest cell were calculated using the three different force fields namely the COMPASS, DREIDING, and UNIVERSAL. The results were also compared with the molecular dynamic simulation results performed using the other crosslinking procedures, and experimental results available in the literature. In comparison, it was observed that the results obtained with MD simulations coincided with the experimental data. It has been concluded that using the largest cell gives closer results to the experimental data but the processing time is also increasing rapidly. Moreover, it was also observed that the increase in the crosslinking ratio caused an increase in the mechanical properties of the epoxy and a significant increase in the glass transition temperature. Finally, compared to other force fields, it is seen that the mechanical analysis results obtained with the COMPASS force field comply more with the experimental data.
Fabrication and characterization of well-ordered PbS nanowires in aluminum oxide template by sulfurization and vacuum injection molding processes
Authors: Chang Shao-Fu , Zhou Xuan , Chen Shih-Hsun , Tseng Yao-Hsuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lead (Pb) nanowire arrays were fabricated with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates of 30, 100 and 300 nm in pore diameters. Through vacuum injection molding process, Pb/AAO composite was obtained, and lead sulfide (PbS) could further be synthesized after exposing to sulfur gas. AAO templates with different pore sizes were fabricated by using pure aluminum in a two-step anodization. Three types of solutions, which are 10 vol% sulfuric acid, 3 wt% oxalic acid and 1 vol% phosphoric acid, were adopted to achieve AAO of various pore sizes. Different sulfurization temperatures and time spans were applied for studying on the formation mechanism of PbS. Finally, the morphology, composition, structure and elements distribution of the as-prepared Pb and PbS nanowires were confirmed through the use of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, element-mapping, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results indicated that Pb nanowires were successfully obtained after applying vacuum injection molding process with 50 kgf cm−2 hydraulic pressure, and PbS nano arrays can be formed by sulfurization at 500 °C for 5 h. Furthermore, an optical property, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption, was also measured. The measurement of the PbS nanowires showed that a significant quantum confinement effect made the energy gap produce a blue shift from 0.41 eV to 1.65 eV or 1.72 eV.
Nano-optical trapping using an all-dielectric optical fiber supporting a TEM-like mode
Authors: Lou Yuanhao , Wan Xinchen , Pang Yuanjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fiber optical tweezers benefit from compact structures and compatibility with fiber optic technology, however, trapping of nano-objects are rarely demonstrated. Here, we predict stable optical trapping of a 30 nm polystyrene particle using an all-dielectric coaxial optical fiber supporting an axisymmetric TEM-like mode. We demonstrate, via comprehensive finite-difference time-domain simulations, that the trapping behavior arises from a significant shift of the fiber-end-fire radiation directivity originated from the nanoparticle-induced symmetry breaking, rather than the gradient force which assumes an invariant optical field. Fabrication of the fiber involved is entirely feasible with existing techniques, such as thermal-drawn and electrospinning, and therefore can be mass-produced.
Assessment of radiation damage of the first wall of a fusion neutron source DEMO-FNS with a blanket for the transmutation of minor actinides
Authors: Zhirkin A.V. , Budaev V.P. , Goltsev A.O. , Dedov A.V. , Komov A.T. , Kuteev B.V. , Lanye I.V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The design of the demonstration fusion neutron source (DEMO-FNS) demonstration fusion–fission hybrid facility is carried out at the National Research Center ‘Kurchatov Institute’ in Russia. For the implementation of the DEMO-FNS project, it is important to assess the effect of the fast neutron spectrum on radiation-induced damage to the device materials, primarily the materials of the first wall, which is the most problematic unit of the device. Due to the lack of real hybrid fusion devices, the study can only be carried out using computer simulations of the experiment. A computer simulation using the Monte Carlo method was carried out to calculate the developed three-dimensional full-scale model of the DEMO-FNS reactor with a blanket for the transmutation of minor actinides. The MCNP-4 code was used with cross-sections from the FENDL-2.1 and ENDF/B-6 files, as well as with cross sections for calculating radiation displacements. The neutron spectrum in the first wall of DEMO-FNS was determined at the power of a volumetric deuterium–tritium neutron of 1.42 × 1019 n s−1. It was found that beryllium as a plasma-facing material has too short lifetime under the neutron load on the first wall and divertor plates of DEMO-FNS. The replacement beryllium to tungsten is problematic and requires special study. Copper alloys have sufficient resistance to the effects of neutron radiation of DEMO-FNS for one full power year, but will require several replacements when operating the device for more than 10 years. The steels used in fast reactors can meet the operational requirements of the first wall of DEMO-FNS. To solve the problem of choosing materials for the first wall of DEMO-FNS, new experimental researches on changes in the physical properties of these materials in the fast neutron spectrum are needed.
Effect of thickness and temperature on flexible organic P3HT:PCBM solar cell performance
Authors: Zidan Mahmoud N , Ismail Tawfik , Fahim Irene S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A blend of poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is used as a photoactive layer for simulating a bulk heterojunction organic solar using general-purpose photovoltaic device model (GPVDM) software. The optical and electrical performance of the cell had been analyzed by changing the thickness of each layer and substrate material over a range of operating temperatures from −10 °C to – 40 °C. The flexible device exhibits higher PCE compared to a rigid device. The performance of the device was studied using transient simulation at different operating temperatures showing degradation in overall performance while enhancing the de-trapping of charge carrier and the recombination rate. Despite the increase in the number of absorbed photons while increasing the active layer thickness to 300 nm, a successful conversion of photon energy to electrical energy is not possible at higher thickness. The electrical simulation showed that a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be achieved with 220 nm thick active layer while decreasing the thickness of ITO and PEDOT: PSS layers due to minimization of optical losses.
Bypassing the bias
Authors: Burrell Angeline G , Jones McArthur , Halford Alexa , Zawdie Kate , Coxon John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Angeline G Burrell, McArthur Jones Jr, Alexa Halford, Kate Zawdie and John Coxon have collaborated to create a set of tools to tackle conscious and unconscious bias in space physics research
Branched-chain amino acids regulate hyaluronan synthesis and PPARα expression in the skin
Authors: Yamane Takumi , Kitaura Yasuyuki , Iwatsuki Ken , Shimomura Yoshiharu , Oishi Yuichi 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined the effects of deletion of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BDK), a key enzyme in branched-chain amino acid catabolism, on hyaluronan synthesis in mice. The skin levels of hyaluronan and the gene expression levels of hyaluronan synthase (Has)2, Has3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α were significantly lower in the BDK-knockout group than in the wild-type group.