bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iranian nurses' perception of the public image of nursing and its association with their quality of working life
Authors: Roshangar Fariborz , Soheil Amin , Moghbeli Golshan , Wiseman Taneal , Feizollahzadeh Hossein , Gilani Neda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between the nurses’ perception of the public image (PI) of nursing and the quality of nursing work life (QNWL).DesignA descriptive correlational study.Methods250 nurses of 12 hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were sampled using a proportionate stratified sampling technique. Porter Nursing Image Scale and Brooks QNWL Scale were used for collecting data.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between nurses’ perception of their public image and QNWL (r = .158, p = .012). Nurses’ perception of their PI along with other significant predictors including gender, age, position, work shifts, residency, financial status, level of family support, spouse's education and spouse's job significantly explained 15.2% of the predictability of QNWL (F(10,175) = 3.017, p = .001). Findings imply that enhancement of nurses' psychological status (nurses' perception of the public image of their profession) may improve their functional status (quality of nursing work life).
Burden and coping strategies of parents of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong: A qualitative study
Authors: Wong Wing Chi , Wong Irene Yuen Fung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent mental disorder among children worldwide. The parents of children with ADHD experience great burden. However, burden and coping styles of these parents are seldom explored. The present study aimed to illustrate the burden and coping strategies of parents of children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.DesignA descriptive qualitative study design was employed.MethodsSamples were recruited from a general primary school in Hong Kong using convenience sampling. An information sheet was provided to participants, and written informed consent was obtained. Content analysis was conducted after the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsIndividual, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted, using a semi‐structured interview guide with 12 parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Four themes (academic burden, children's social dependence, uncertainty regarding parenting strategies before diagnosis and emotional hardship) and three themes (acting according to situation, employing problemfocused coping methods and acceptance) emerged for burden and coping strategies, respectively. Coping strategies processes were also found. Medical diagnosis was reported to be a critical point for parents to shift their coping strategies. Timely interventions, such as early assessment and diagnosis, are recommended during or after medical diagnosis.
A survey of nurses' awareness of infection control measures in Baranya County, Hungary
Authors: Hammoud Sahar , Khatatbeh Haitham , Zand Afshin , Kocsis Béla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess nurses' awareness of infection control (IC) measures in Baranya County, Hungary.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe study used the infection control standardized questionnaire to assess nurses' awareness in standard precautions (SP), healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) and hand hygiene (HH). Data collection was done from two hospitals in February and March 2020. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe study included 121 nurses. The mean scores were 16.55 ± 2.69 for IC overall awareness, 10.10 ± 1.58 for SP, 2.07 ± 0.71 for HAIs and 4.38 ± 1.47 for HH. Acceptable scores were reached in overall awareness and SP. The overall and HAIs' scores significantly differed across educational degrees. The difference in SP mean ranks was statistically significant across hospital types. The low HAIs and HH scores highlight the need to enhance IC trainings in Hungarian hospitals and improve nurses' knowledge on IC.
Trauma patterns and injury prevalence in early medieval Säben‐Sabiona, Italy
Authors: Tumler Daniela , Paladin Alice , Zink Albert R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the Early Middle Ages (fifth to 11th centuries AD), central Europe was marked by geo‐political instabilities and important socio‐cultural changes that led to the admixture of different cultures named barbari by the Romans, whose demographic impact is still not fully understood. These events also involved the populations settled in modern day South Tyrol, a region in the north‐eastern Italian Alps. In this context, the early medieval site of Säben‐Sabiona (Eisack‐Isarco valley, Province of Bozen‐Bolzano) had a relevant political role, and particularly due to its geographical location and religious importance, it was a prestigious burial site for individuals of different cultural and social backgrounds. This study aims to gain novel insights into the possible effects of these instabilities on daily life and general health of the people buried in Säben‐Sabiona, based on a thorough analysis of accident and violence‐related trauma. A total number of 226 individuals underwent a detailed osteological analysis to establish the number of individuals affected by trauma and to reconstruct the distribution, timing and type of injury. Trauma was assessed through macroscopic and metric analyses. Both crude, injuries per individual, and true prevalence rates, trauma per bone, were calculated. Signs of trauma were found on 37/226 individuals, whereby males exhibited more trauma than females and subadults. Most injuries were identified as antemortem fractures on the appendicular skeleton or perimortem sharp force trauma that was predominantly found on the skull. Most individuals featured less than five trauma; however, seven individuals account for more than half of the observed lesions. The trauma investigation suggests that most of the injured experienced skeletal injuries associated with labour‐related accidents and only a few, all of which were males, displayed signs of contemplated violence. Hence, it appears that the lives of the studied individuals were largely non‐violent, yet, sporadic situations of hostility and interpersonal conflict were also common.
Opportunities for Improvement in the Administration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for T4 Breast Cancer: A Comparison of the U.S. and Nigeria
Authors: Romanoff Anya , Olasehinde Olalekan , Goldman Debra A. , Alatise Olusegun I. , Constable Jeremy , Monu Ngozi , Knapp Gregory C. , Odujoko Oluwole , Onabanjo Emmanuella , Adisa Adewale O. , Arowolo Adeolu O. , Omisore Adeleye D. , Famurewa Olusola C. , Anderson Benjamin O. , Gemignani Mary L. , Kingham T. Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral component of T4 breast cancer (BCa) treatment. We compared response to NAC for T4 BCa in the U.S. and Nigeria to direct future interventions.

Materials and Methods
Cross-sectional retrospective analysis included all patients with non-metastatic T4 BCa treated from 2010 to 2016 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York) and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (Ile Ife, Nigeria). Pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival were compared and factors contributing to disparities evaluated.

Results
Three hundred and eight patients met inclusion criteria: 157 (51%) in the U.S. and 151 (49%) in Nigeria. All U.S. patients received NAC and surgery compared with 93 (62%) Nigerian patients. Fifty-six out of ninety-three (60%) Nigerian patients completed their prescribed course of NAC. In Nigeria, older age and higher socioeconomic status were associated with treatment receipt.
Fewer patients in Nigeria had immunohistochemistry performed (100% U.S. vs. 18% Nigeria). Of those with available receptor subtype, 18% (28/157) of U.S. patients were triple negative versus 39% (9/23) of Nigerian patients. Overall pCR was seen in 27% (42/155) of U.S. patients and 5% (4/76) of Nigerian patients. Five-year survival was significantly shorter in Nigeria versus the U.S. (61% vs. 72%). However, among the subset of patients who received multimodality therapy, including NAC and surgery with curative intent, 5-year survival (67% vs. 72%) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (48% vs. 61%) did not significantly differ between countries.

Conclusion
Addressing health system, socioeconomic, and psychosocial barriers is necessary for administration of complete NAC to improve BCa outcomes in Nigeria.

Implications for Practice
This cross-sectional retrospective analysis of patients with T4 breast cancer in Nigeria and the U.S. found a significant difference in pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5% Nigeria vs. 27% U.S.). Five-year survival was shorter in Nigeria, but in patients receiving multimodality treatment, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with curative intent, 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival did not differ between countries. Capacity-building efforts in Nigeria should focus on access to pathology services to direct systemic therapy and promoting receipt of complete chemotherapy to improve outcomes.
Progress in nanocellulose and its polymer based composites: A review on processing, characterization, and applications
Authors: Varshney Shagun , Mishra Nidhi , Gupta M.K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContamination of the ecosystem from plastics is the most prominent concern of current times. Natural materials like plant‐based fibers from cellulose, hemp, sisal, etc., are preferred and being looked upon as better alternatives. Cellulose, being biocompatible and biodegradable, possesses appreciable properties. Its nanoscale form, called as nanocellulose, can be extracted from agricultural residue and lignocellulosic biomass through different chemo‐mechanical techniques. Chemical methods include alkaline treatment, chemical bleaching, acid hydrolysis, and TEMPO mediated oxidation, whereas high‐pressure homogenization, grinding, cryogenic crushing, and ultrasonication are the mechanical methods used for the isolation and extraction of nanocellulose. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of various processing and extraction methods used for nanocellulose. The review also brings an insight into nanocellulose‐polymer based composites including their mechanical, biological, thermal, and physical properties. A detailed discussion on nature, morphology, size, and other parameters through different characterization techniques is also presented in this review. Finally, the applications of nanocellulose in biotechnology, biomedical, mechanical, material science, chemical, and electronics engineering have also been discussed.
Registration of high‐yielding aroma hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivar ‘USDA Triumph’
Authors: Henning J.A. , Townsend M.S. , Gent D.H , Wiseman M.S. , Walsh D.B. , Groenendale D.P. , Randazzo A.M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrewers consistently look for new and unique hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars that possess excellent flavor profiles and are cost effective to produce and utilize. Proprietary aroma cultivars have in some cases met this need but are costly to produce due to susceptibility to major plant diseases and primary adaptation for high desert climates such as that found in the Yakima Valley, Washington. In order to fill this gap, the USDA–ARS hop breeding program developed and released ‘USDA Triumph’ (Reg. no. CV‐30, PI 689549) to the public on 19 April 2019. The defining characteristics of this hop cultivar are high yields, broader adaptation across multiple environments, and excellence in brewing multiple beer styles. USDA Triumph arose from a cross made in 2000 between ‘USDA Nugget’ and ‘USDA 21110M’. USDA Triumph has exhibited high yields and disease tolerance across multiple states. It has been utilized in lager, pilsner, pale ales, and amber ales along with IPA brewing with excellent consumer reviews. The release and registration of this new cultivar provides brewers with an exciting new high‐yielding, widely adapted hop cultivar with excellent aroma and cost‐effective superior flavor.
Performance‐based balance tests, combined with the number of falls recalled in the past year, predicts the incidence of future falls in established unilateral transtibial prosthesis users
Authors: Sawers Andrew , Hafner Brian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFalls are common and consequential events for lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users. Currently, there are no models based on prospective falls data that clinicians can use to predict the incidence of future falls in LLP users. Assessing who is at risk for falls, and thus most likely to need and benefit from intervention, remains a challenge.ObjectiveTo determine whether select performance‐based balance tests predict future falls in established, unilateral transtibial prosthesis users (TTPU).DesignMultisite prospective observational study.SettingResearch laboratory and prosthetics clinic.ParticipantsForty‐five established, unilateral TTPU.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe number of falls reported over a prospective 6‐month period. Timed Up‐and‐Go (TUG) and Four‐Square Step Test (FSST) times, as well as Narrowing Beam Walking Test scores were recorded at baseline, along with the number of falls recalled over the past 12 months and additional potential fall‐risk factors.ResultsThe final negative binomial regression model, which included TUG (P = .044) and FSST (P = .159) times, as well as the number of recalled falls (P = .009), was significantly better than a null model at predicting the number of falls over the next 6 months (X2[3] = 11.6, P = .009) and fit the observed fall count data (X2[41] = 36.12, P = .20). The final model provided a significant improvement in fit to the prospective fall count data over a model with fall recall alone X2(1) = 4.342, P < .05.ConclusionNo combination of performance‐based balance tests alone predicted the incidence of future falls in our sample of established, unilateral TTPU. Rather, a combination of the number of falls recalled over the past 12 months, along with TUG and FSST times, but not NBWT scores, was required to predict the number of “all‐cause” falls over the next 6 months. The resulting predictive model may serve as a suitable method for clinicians to predict the incidence of falls in established, unilateral TTPU.
Synthesis and comparative study on polyetherimides from isomeric 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy bis(phthalic anhydride)s
Authors: Jiang Hongyu , Jiang Hanzhou , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo isomers of commercial 4,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride) (4,4′‐BPADA), that is, 3,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride) (3,4′‐BPADA) and 3,3′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride) (3,3′‐BPADA), were synthesized through aromatic nucleophilic substitution from nitrophthalonitrile and bisphenol A. 3,4′‐BPADA was first synthesized from two intermediates, that is, 3‐(4‐[4‐hydroxyphenylisopropylidene] phenoxy) phthalonitrile (3‐BPADN) and 3,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalonitrile) (3,4′‐BPATN). The corresponding three series of polyetherimides (PEIs) were prepared with two representative aromatic diamines (4,4′‐oxydianiline and m‐phenylenediamine (m‐PDA)) via two‐step procedure and chemical imidization. Isomeric polyimides showed Tgs from 206 to 256°C in nitrogen and Td5%s from 488 to 511°C in argon, good mechanical properties (tensile moduli of 2.3–3.3 GPa, tensile strengths of 70–96 MPa, and elongations at break of 3.2%–5.1%), and good solubility. With the introduction of 3‐substituted phthalimide unit, PEIs displayed higher Tg values, lower strengths and elongations, better solubility and larger d‐spacings. The rheological properties of thermoplastic polyimide resins based on the BPADA isomers were investigated, which showed that polyetherimide PEI‐3b derived from 3,3′‐BPADA and m‐PDA had the lowest melt viscosity among the isomers, indicating that the melt processibility had been greatly improved.
The perceptions of burnout and related influencing factors in Chinese physicians and nurses working in a cancer hospital
Authors: Pang Ying , He Yi , Chen Zhishui , Han Xinkun , Leng Jiahua , Tang Lili 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to compare the burnout level and perceptions of burnout between oncology physicians and nurses, and to explore the relationship between these perceptions and the burnout level in physicians and nurses separately.MethodsThe whole crew of the Peking University Cancer Hospital was invited to participate in the survey. Maslach Burnout Scale Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS) was used. Ten additional items on the perceptions of burnout were added to assess concerns on burnout, perceptions on the negative impact of burnout and perceptions on how to prevent burnout.ResultsIn total, 862 (71%) oncology clinicians completed the questionnaire, including 285 physicians (33%) and 577 (67%) nurses. The proportion of the high risk of low personal accomplishment (PA) is higher in nurses than in physicians (39.3% V.S. 29.8%, p = 0.007). Most clinicians (72.2% of physicians, 82.4% of nurses) would like to participant in interventions to prevent burnout, but only a few of them (5.7% of physicians, 4.1% of nurses) had an opportunity to participate in. Both physicians (91.9%) and nurses (89.8%) rated increasing paid vacation as the most priority strategy to prevent burnout. The job‐hopping intention is correlated to a high level of burnout in both physicians and nurses.ConclusionsThe burnout level did not differ significantly between oncology nurses and physicians, except the low PA level. There was a big gap between their needs for burnout interventions and the resources they really had. The clinicians with a job‐hopping intention should be paid attention to their burnout.
Influence of permafrost thaw on an extreme geologic methane seep
Authors: Sullivan Taylor D. , Parsekian Andrew D. , Sharp Janelle , Hanke Philip J. , Thalasso Frederic , Shapley Mark , Engram Melanie , Walter Anthony Katey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe occurrence and magnitude of natural fossil methane (CH4) emissions in the Arctic are poorly known. Emission of geologic CH4, a potent greenhouse gas, originating beneath permafrost is of particular interest due to the potential for positive feedback to climate warming, whereby accelerated permafrost thaw releases permafrost‐trapped CH4 in a future warmer climate. The development of through‐going taliks in Arctic lakes overlying hydrocarbon reservoirs is one mechanism of releasing geologically sourced, subpermafrost CH4. Here we use novel gas flux measurements, geophysical observations of the subsurface, shallow sediment coring, high‐resolution bathymetry measurements, and lake water chemistry measurements to produce a synoptic survey of the gas vent system in Esieh Lake, a northwest Alaska lake with exceedingly large geologic CH4 seep emissions. We find that microbially produced fossil CH4 is being vented though a narrow thaw conduit below Esieh Lake through pockmarks on the lake bottom. This is one of the highest flux geologic CH4 seep fields known in the terrestrial environment and potentially the highest flux single methane seep. The poleward retreat of continuous permafrost may have implications for more subcap CH4 release with increased permafrost thaw.
The international political process around Digital Sequence Information under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the 2018–2020 intersessional period
Authors: Rohden Fabian , Scholz Amber Hartman 
Published: May 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe international conservation of biological diversity is addressed under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and goals for the next decade will be discussed at the next Conference of the Parties. One issue under negotiation in the CBD is Digital Sequence Information (DSI), which has created tension between parties calling for preserving open access to DSI who also note its importance in addressing biodiversity and the UN Sustainable Development Goals and those parties calling for fair and equitable benefit sharing from DSI. This article introduces scientists to the current debate and political process on DSI within the CBD.SummaryMost biologists take open access to sequence data for granted. This open system, while a hallmark of innovation and collaboration for the scientific community, is being called into question as some parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) assert that this access undermines their sovereign rights over their genetic resources and corresponding benefit sharing. The governance of sequence data and potentially other types of biological data, known in international policy circles as “Digital Sequence Information” (DSI), a placeholder term invented by negotiators, could be dramatically altered and ultimately change the way scientific research and publishing on sequence data is conducted. Many sequence‐using scientists are unfamiliar with the international political processes around DSI even though it could lead to irreversible decisions that might have significant impacts on research. This paper bridges that gap by providing an overview of the ongoing political process with a focus on the most recent studies on DSI commissioned by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) and what these studies forecast about the political debate. With this information in hand, the scientific community can hopefully better engage with the political process and proactively promote evidence‐based decisions or even solutions that can bridge the demand for benefit sharing with the scientific need for open access to DSI.