bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment for basilar artery occlusion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Safouris Apostolos , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Mavridis Dimitris , Goyal Nitin , Psychogios Marios N. , Magoufis Georgios , Krogias Christos , Catanese Luciana , Van Adel Brian , Raphaeli Guy , Sarraj Amrou , Themistocleous Marios , Kararizou Evangelia , Turc Guillaume , Arthur Adam , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIndependent randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have provided robust evidence for endovascular treatment (EVT) as the standard of care treatment for acute large vessel occlusions in the anterior circulation. We examined available studies specific to posterior cerebral circulation ischemic strokes to see if any conclusions can be drawn regarding EVT options.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search to identify studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of EVT versus standard medical treatment for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We extracted data for outcomes of interest and presented associations between the two groups with the use of risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used a random‐effects model to pool the effect estimates.ResultsWe identified five studies (two RCTs, three observational cohorts) including a total of 1098 patients. Patients receiving EVT had a higher risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) compared to those receiving non‐interventional medical management (RR 5.42, 95% CI 2.74–10.71). Nonsignificant trends towards modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0–2 (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.74–1.41), mRS scores 0–3 (RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.64–1.47), overall functional improvement (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.57–1.51), and all‐cause mortality (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78–1.35) at 3 months were seen.ConclusionAlthough EVT increases the probability of sICH, the available data do not exclude the possibility of improved functional outcomes over standard therapy. As larger studies are challenged by the perceived lack of equipoise in this vulnerable patient population, results of ongoing RCTs are expected to provide substantial input for future meta‐analyses.
What do we know about portable dental services? A scoping review
Authors: Fathi Homa , Rousseau Jacqueline , Makansi Nora , Blaizot Alessandra , Morris Martin , Vergnes Jean‐Noel , Bedos Christophe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelivering dental care to patients in their home or residential institutions is known as “portable dentistry”. The demand for portable dental services is on the rise, but dentists remain reluctant to adopt portable practices.ObjectivesTo explore the literature on portable dental services and understand (a) the process of planning and delivering portable dental services and (b) the benefits and challenges of portable dentistry for service providers and patients.MethodsA systematic scoping search was conducted. We retrieved 3994 documents, 28 of which were included in the final synthesis. Three authors read the papers and conducted thematic content analyses independently.ResultsWe present a synthesis of the literature and proposed a model of portable dentistry containing three levels with the patient is at the centre surrounded by concentric rings representing the dentist (dental team) and society. At each of these levels, our model is further subdivided into three components: 1) organisation of the service; 2) arrival and set‐up of the service; and 3) delivery of the service. In addition, each level includes 1) human factors, which are related either to the dental professional or the patient; 2) non‐human factors, which refer to either the equipment or the physical environment; and 3) financial factors, which are related to cost and remuneration.ConclusionsWe propose a model for portable dentistry that dentists and dental educators interested in this practice should find useful.
The impact of crucial protein degradation in intramuscular connective tissue on softening of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets
Authors: Liu Jixuan , Yang Fang , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Yu Peipei , Jiang Qixing , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the role of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) in softening of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet. The change in important proteins in IMCT and impact of IMCT destruction in fish softening were both investigated. The exogenous collagenase was used to differentiate the role of IMCT. Results showed that decorin, elastin and collagen in IMCT decreased by 71%, 48% and 54%, respectively. Decorin and elastin were mainly degraded in the primary stage, while collagen decreased mainly in the later stage. Then, IMCT destruction experiment showed that collagenase was quite effective for destruction of IMCT, while myofibre tissue was not affected. Subsequently, specific role of IMCT could be distinguished. Decrease in shear force became twofold faster in the collagenase group at the beginning than that in the control group, indicating a quite important role of IMCT in maintaining fish texture, especially in the primary stage of storage.
Chia protein hydrolysates: characterisation and emulsifying properties
Authors: Salazar‐Vega Ine M. , Julio Luciana M. , Segura‐Campos Maira R. , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe evaluation of functional properties of different chia protein hydrolysates (CPH) and their application in O/W emulsions were studied. Enzymatic treatments with pepsin, pancreatin or the sequential action of pepsin–pancreatin were applied to hydrolyse a chia protein concentrate (CPC). Oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilised with CPC or these CPHs, with or without chia mucilage, were prepared at pH 7 or 10. Particle size, global stability, ζ‐potential and rheological measurement of emulsions were determined. CPH presented higher (P ≤ 0.05) solubility and surface hydrophobicity levels, exhibiting better emulsifying properties than CPC. Emulsions with CPH presented smaller (P ≤ 0.05) droplet sizes than those with CPC. Regarding to physicochemical stability, emulsions at pH 7 were less stable than those at pH 10, showing destabilisation by creaming and coalescence. The addition of chia mucilage increased the apparent viscosity of emulsions and led to modifications in their fluid behaviour, exhibiting an interesting role as a thickening agent.
Silencing circ‐USP1 protects the renal tubular from kidney injury induced by hypoxia via modulating miR‐194‐5p/DNMT3A axis in acute renal allografts
Authors: Yao Tao , Zha Dongqing , Gao Ping , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent studies indicate that circular RNAs are involved in dysregulation of kidney injury. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the role of circ‐USP1 in the pathogenesis of early renal allografts. Thirty‐two male C57BL/6J mice aged between 6 and 8 weeks were divided into the sham and allograft groups. Thereafter, the association between miR‐194‐5p, circ‐USP1 and DNMT3A was confirmed using a combination of bioinformatics and the luciferase reporter gene assay. Additionally, the expression of circ‐USP1, miR‐194‐5p and DNMT3A mRNA was detected through qPCR. Afterwards, the Western blot assay was performed to examine the expression of DNMT3A protein. Finally, the TUNEL assay was conducted to determine the rate of apoptosis in DNMT3A cells. The expression of circ‐USP1 increased, while that of miR‐194‐5p decreased in renal allografts. Additionally, silencing circ‐USP1 reduced kidney injuries caused by renal allografts in mice. Moreover, miR‐194‐5p was a target for circ‐USP1, and DNMT3A was a target of miR‐194‐5p. Finally, it was shown that silencing circ‐USP1 reduced DNMT3A expression in the kidney of mice that received renal allografts. Circ‐USP1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐194‐5p. This occurs in order to regulate DNMT3A expression in kidney injury induced by hypoxia in acute renal allografts.
Role of CYR61 in psoriatic lesional and perilesional skin: A clinical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Shehata Wafaa Ahmed , Maraee Alaa Hassan , Abdo Eman Essam , Hemida Aiat Shaban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is considered as an immune‐mediated disorder with significant epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. Cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1), plays an important role in cell proliferation and neovascularization which may trigger psoriasis development.AimsThis study aimed to assess the immunostaining of CYR61 in psoriatic skin (lesional and perilesional) compared to control skin.Patients/MethodsThis is a case‐control study. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to evaluate disease severity. A punch biopsy was taken from psoriatic skin lesions (30), perilesional (30) skin, and matched site of controls (20). The pathological and immunostaining assessments of CYR61 were conducted.ResultsThere was a significant gradual progressive overexpression of CYR61 in keratinocytes from control skin to perilesional and lesional psoriatic skin (P = .00). Moreover, lesional psoriatic skin showed overexpression of CYR61 in inflammatory cells in the dermis than controls. CYR61 expression (lesional epidermis) revealed a significant positive correlation with the PASI score (r = .63; P = .00). There was a significant relationship between intensity and H‐core of CYR61 in the lesional psoriatic epidermis with joint affection.ConclusionCYR61 may trigger epidermal hyperplasia and potentiate inflammatory infiltration in psoriasis vulgaris patients, and therapies targeting CYR61 may be effective in the management of psoriasis vulgaris.
Does economic freedom boost growth for everyone?
Authors: Bergh Andreas , Bjørnskov Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile the association between economic freedom and long‐term economic growth has been well documented, the parallel research literature on the distributional consequences of economic freedom is full of conflicting findings. In this paper, we take a step toward reconciling these two bodies of literature by exploring the within‐quintile growth consequences of changes in three separate elements of economic freedom: the size of government, institutional quality and and policy quality. Although the distributional consequences of increases in economic freedom are theoretically ambiguous, we find evidence that economic freedom affects all parts of the income distribution equally, in addition to indications that the growth effects are largest for the poorest and richest quintiles.
An anesthesiologist‐led inpatient buprenorphine initiative
Authors: Patel Nisarg , Schwenk Eric S. , Ferd Polina , Torjman Marc C. , Baratta Jaime L. , Viscusi Eugene R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHospitalized patients with opioid use disorder who present with acute pain are challenging to manage. Without any treatment, their mortality in the first 28 days after discharge is substantially increased. Unlike extended‐release naltrexone, which requires a period of withdrawal, or methadone, which can cause prolonged corrected QT (QTc) and carries a higher risk of respiratory depression, buprenorphine provides potent analgesia with low respiratory risk. Hospitalization provides a unique opportunity for clinicians to perform buprenorphine induction, which could potentially reduce mortality without affecting analgesia. Our acute pain management service uses multimodal analgesia to maintain adequate analgesia and minimize withdrawal during buprenorphine induction in the hospital. With the assistance of narcotics addiction rehabilitation program specialists, we help link patients to outpatient buprenorphine providers and maximize the chance of successful recovery. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the percentage of patients who filled an outpatient buprenorphine prescription after undergoing inpatient induction.
Improvement of host‐induced gene silencing efficiency via polycistronic‐tRNA‐amiR expression for multiple target genes and characterization of RNAi mechanism in Mythimna separata
Authors: Bao Wenhua , Li Aoga , Zhang Yanan , Diao Pengfei , Zhao Qiqi , Yan Ting , Zhou Zikai , Duan Huimin , Li Xugang , Wuriyanghan Hada 
Published: January 2021

SummaryHost‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) emerged as a new strategy for pest control. However, RNAi efficiency is reported to be low in Lepidoptera, which are composed of many important crop pests. To address this, we generated transgenic plants to develop HIGS effects in a maize pest, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), by targeting chitinase encoding genes. More importantly, we developed an artificial microRNA (amiR) based PTA (polycistronic‐tRNA‐amiR) system for silencing multiple target genes. Compared with hpRNA (hairpin RNA), transgenic expression of a PTA cassette including an amiR for the gut‐specific dsRNA nuclease gene MsREase, resulted in improved knockdown efficiency and caused more pronounced developmental abnormalities in recipient insects. When target gene siRNAs were analysed after HIGS and direct dsRNA/siRNA feeding, common features such as sense polarity and siRNA hotspot regions were observed, however, they differed in siRNA transitivity and major 20‐24nt siRNA species. Core RNAi genes were identified in M. separata, and biochemical activities of MsAGO2, MsSID1 and MsDcr2 were confirmed by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and dsRNA cleavage assays, respectively. Taken together, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of the RNAi mechanism in M. separata by analysis of both siRNA signatures and RNAi machinery components, and the PTA system could potentially be useful for future RNAi control of lepidopteran pests.
Multidisciplinary management of a previously unreported presentation of severe aplasia cutis congenita
Authors: Davis Matthew J. , Voller Lindsey M. , Gonzalez Santiago R. , Abu‐Ghname Amjed , Davies Lesley W. , Bedwell Joshua R. , Lee Grace L. , Hunt Raegan D. , Phung Thuy L. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is characterized by the complete or partial absence of skin at birth, with 85% of cases of ACC involving the scalp vertex. The etiology of ACC is unclear and appears to be multifactorial. We present the case of a 3‐month‐old boy who presented with a diagnosis of non‐scalp ACC affecting approximately 80% of his total body surface area at birth. This case adds to the literature due to the patient's survival beyond the first day of life and his unique and severe distribution of defects, which led to respiratory compromise and required multidisciplinary management.
Immunoproteomics characterization of Leishmania panamensis proteins for potential clinical diagnosis of mucosal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Caraballo‐Guzmán Arley José , Ospina‐Villa Juan David , Cuesta‐Caicedo Angela Patricia , Sánchez‐Jiménez Miryan Margot 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiagnosis of leishmaniasis based on antibodies detection represents a challenge due to cross‐reaction of sera with other infectious agents, which co‐exist in endemic areas of Leishmania sp, especially patients with Trypanosoma cruzi. This work is aimed at searching for immunogenic proteins in sera from patients with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis that may be potential candidates for the development of diagnostic tests and/or vaccines that help control the infection. Total protein extracts of L. panamensis promastigotes were put in contact with sera from patients with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (immunoblots). Immunoreactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools. 81 proteins were identified. One of these was uniquely recognized by the sera from patients with ML but not from sera from either CL or Chagas disease patients. MS analysis of this band pointed to the putative leishmanial 3‐oxoacyl‐(Acylcarrierprotein) reductase.
Case‐by‐case: Emotional stimulus significance and the modulation of the EPN and LPP
Authors: Schupp Harald T. , Kirmse Ursula M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStimuli encountered in the environment are continuously evaluated according to their affective stimulus significance. Numerous event‐related potential studies have shown that the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) are larger for pictures high in emotional arousal compared to low arousing images. Here, we used a case‐by‐case approach to determine the emotional modulation of the EPN and LPP at the level of the individual case. We probed the effect in three studies regarding behavior systems of predator fear, disease avoidance, and sexual reproduction. In each study, high and low arousing pictures from the respective behavior system were presented and event‐related brain potentials measured. At the group level, previous findings regarding an enhanced EPN and LPP for high compared to low arousing stimuli were replicated. Novel findings were observed when analyzing each case individually. The majority of participants showed significantly larger EPN and LPP amplitudes to pictures showing threatening compared to harmless animals (15 and 16 out of 16 tests, respectively), images of disease and mutilation compared to neutral people (15 and 17 out of 18 tests, respectively), and high‐arousing erotic compared to romantic pictures (17 and 17 out of 17 tests, respectively). Further analyses exploring the tradeoff between specificity and sensitivity suggest reliance on picture categories of sexual reproduction and disease avoidance. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that the case‐by‐case approach can be useful for revealing a general principle of emotional stimulus processing common‐to‐all. Implications for the reproducibility of the findings and biomarker development are discussed.
Brain blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young healthy men and women
Authors: Tarumi Takashi , Yamabe Takayuki , Fukuie Marina , Zhu David C. , Zhang Rong , Ogoh Shigehiko , Sugawara Jun 
Published: January 2021

Key points
The cerebral fluid response to exercise, including the arterial and venous cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), currently remains unknown.
We used time‐resolved phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging to assess changes in CBF and CSF flow dynamics during moderate‐intensity rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise in young healthy men and women.
Our data demonstrated that RHG increases the cerebral arterial inflow and venous outflow while decreasing the pulsatile CSF flow during RHG.
Furthermore, changes in blood stroke volume at the measured arteries, veins, and sinuses and CSF stroke volume at the cerebral aqueduct were positively correlated with each other during RHG.
Male and female participants exhibited distinct blood pressure responses to RHG, but their cerebral fluid responses were similar.
These results collectively suggest that RHG influences both CBF and CSF flow dynamics in a way that is consistent with the Monro–Kellie hypothesis to maintain intracranial volume‐pressure homeostasis in young healthy adults.
AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during exercise, but its impact on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow remains unknown. This study investigated CBF and CSF flow dynamics during moderate‐intensity rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise in young healthy men and women. Twenty‐six participants (12 women) underwent the RHG and resting control conditions in random order. Participants performed 3 sets of RHG, during which cine phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) was performed to measure blood stroke volume (SV) and flow rate in the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries, the internal jugular vein (IJV), the superior sagittal (SSS) and straight sinuses (SRS), and CSF SV and flow rate in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius. Blood pressure, end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were simultaneously measured during cine PC‐MRI scans. Compared with control conditions, RHG showed significant elevations of HR, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate with a mild reduction of EtCO2 (all P < 0.05). RHG decreased blood SV in the measured arteries, veins, and sinuses and CSF SV in the aqueduct (all P < 0.05). Conversely, RHG increased blood flow in the ICA, VA, and IJV (all P < 0.05). At the aqueduct, RHG decreased the absolute CSF flow rate (P = 0.0307), which was calculated as a sum of the caudal and cranial CSF flow rates. Change in the ICA SV was positively correlated with changes in the IJV, SSS, SRS, and aqueductal SV during RHG (all P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate a close coupling between the CBF and CSF flow dynamics during RHG in young healthy adults.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Vertical Hollow Cylinder With Surface Holes
Authors: Acharya Swastik , Dash Sukanta K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional continuity, momentum, and energy equations have been solved around a perforated vertical hollow cylinder to predict the buoyancy-induced flow field and the temperature distribution around it. Finite volume method (FVM) has been implemented for the discretization of the underlying governing equations. Second-order upwind scheme has been adopted to discretize the convective terms in the momentum and energy equation. Results have been obtained by varying the input parameters like hole diameter to cylinder length ratio (d/L), pitch to length ratio (P/L), angular pitch (θ), cylinder length to diameter ratio (L/D), and Rayleigh number (Ra) spanning from 0.005 to 0.08, 0.1 to 0.3333, 30 deg to 180 deg, 2 to 20, and 104 to 108, respectively. It has been found that the average surface Nusselt number (Nu) for the outer surface increases with the diameter of the hole for Ra of 106, however for Ra of 108, it marginally decreases up to d/L of 0.01 and then increases. Nu for the inner surface increases when d/L is more than 0.04 for all Ra. The cylinder with the staggered holes shows a slightly higher Nu compared to the inline holes. Nu for the inner and outer surface at a lower pitch is less than that of the higher pitch when d/L is less than 0.02 for all Ra. The heat transfer rate of the perforated cylinder is more than the nonperforated cylinder for all the cases when L/D is less than 10 and Ra less than 106. However, for Ra more than 106, the perforated cylinder always loses more heat compared to the nonperforated one for all L/D. Finally, the correlation for Nu has been proposed as a function of the pertinent input parameters for future reference in the academic as well as industrial practices.
Visualization of Flow Boiling Experiments on Micro/Nanoscale Structured Surfaces in Microchannel
Authors: Li Wei , Li Junye , Zhou Kan , Zhu Hua , Zhang Zhengjiang , Du Jincai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this short paper, the method of analyzing microchannel flow boiling phenomena by the image processing tool was briefly introduced. The experiments of subcooled and saturated flow boiling on various micro-/nanostructured modified surfaces were carried out. The high-speed images obtained from the experiments were taken as examples. Nucleated bubbles, partial dryout patches, and liquid–vapor interfaces could be recognized and quantified by the image processing tool. The transient statistical parameters of the region of interest (ROI) could be further obtained, such as the sequential equivalent diameter of bubbles and sequential area size as well as its spreading rate of dryout patches. The image processing tool was a valuable option to investigate microchannel flow boiling phenomena.