bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods for occlusal surface caries
Authors: Kapor Svetlana , Rankovic Mila Janjic , Khazaei Yegane , Crispin Alexander , Schüler Ina , Krause Felix , Lussi Adrian , Neuhaus Klaus , Eggmann Florin , Michou Stavroula , Ekstrand Kim , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte , Kühnisch Jan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions.

Materials and methods
A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed.

Results
SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo.

Conclusion
The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds.

Clinical relevance
VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
Final overall survival analysis of the phase 3 HERITAGE study demonstrates equivalence of trastuzumab-dkst to trastuzumab in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Pennella Eduardo J. , Gopalakrishnan Unmesh , Hernandez-Bronchud Miguel , Herson Jay , Koch Hans Friedrich , Loganathan Subramanian , Deodhar Sarika , Marwah Ashwani , Manikhas Alexey , Bondarenko Igor , Mukhametshina Guzel , Nemsadze Gia , Parra Joseph D. , Abesamis-Tiambeng Maria Luisa T. , Baramidze Kakhaber , Akewanlop Charuwan , Vynnychenko Ihor , Sriuranpong Virote , Mamillapalli Gopichand , Roy Sirshendu , Yanez Ruiz Eduardo Patricio , Barve Abhijit , Fuentes-Alburo Adolfo , Waller Cornelius F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The phase 3 HERITAGE trial demonstrated that the biosimilar trastuzumab-dkst is well tolerated with similar efficacy (measured by overall response rate [ORR] and progression-free survival [PFS]) compared with originator trastuzumab combined with taxane followed by monotherapy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Herein, we present final overall survival (OS) from HERITAGE.

Methods
HERITAGE is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive trastuzumab-dkst or trastuzumab plus taxane followed by continued monotherapy until disease progression. Overall survival was to be assessed at 36 months or after 240 deaths, whichever occurred first, as observed from time of randomization of last patient.

Results
At the final analysis (36 months), 242 patients in the intention-to-treat population had died during the study: 116 and 124 in the trastuzumab-dkst and trastuzumab groups, respectively, and 1 untreated patient from each treatment group. Median OS by Kaplan–Meier analysis was 35.0 months with trastuzumab-dkst and 30.2 months with trastuzumab. Evaluation of PFS showed a median of 11.1 months in both treatment groups. No new safety concerns were reported from week 48 until the end of the survival follow-up.

Conclusion
This is the first phase 3 trial of a trastuzumab biosimilar to report long-term survival data similar to originator trastuzumab in patients with MBC. The comparable long-term OS between the trastuzumab-dkst and originator trastuzumab groups further supports the similarity of trastuzumab-dkst with originator trastuzumab and establishes trastuzumab-dkst as a safe and effective treatment option for patients with HER2-positive MBC.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02472964; 6/16/2015
Healthcare, Responsibility and Golden Opportunities
Authors: De Marco Gabriel , Douglas Thomas , Savulescu Julian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen it comes to determining how healthcare resources should be allocated, there are many factors that could—and perhaps should—be taken into account. One such factor is a patient’s responsibility for his or her illness, or for the behavior that caused it. Policies that take responsibility for the unhealthy lifestyle or its outcomes into account—responsibility-sensitive policies—have faced a series of criticisms. One holds that agents often fail to meet either the control or epistemic conditions on responsibility with regard to their unhealthy lifestyles or their outcomes. Another holds that even if patients sometimes are responsible for these items, we cannot know whether a particular patient is responsible for them. In this article, we propose a type of responsibility-sensitive policy that may be able to surmount these difficulties. Under this type of policy, patients are empowered to change to a healthier lifestyle by being given what we call a ‘Golden Opportunity’ to change. Such a policy would not only avoid concerns about patients’ fulfilment of conditions on responsibility for their lifestyles, it would also allow healthcare authorities to be justified in believing that a patient who does not change her lifestyle is responsible for the unhealthy lifestyle. We conclude with a discussion of avenues for further work, and place this policy in the broader context of the debate on responsibility for health.
A Comparative Review of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Regulating Lactose Synthesis
Authors: Sadovnikova Anna , Garcia Sergio C. , Hovey Russell C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMilk is critical for the survival of all mammalian offspring, where its production by a mammary gland is also positively associated with its lactose concentration. A clearer understanding of the factors that regulate lactose synthesis stands to direct strategies for improving neonatal health while also highlighting opportunities to manipulate and improve milk production and composition. In this review we draw a cross-species comparison of the extra- and intramammary factors that regulate lactose synthesis, with a special focus on humans, dairy animals, and rodents. We outline the various factors known to influence lactose synthesis including diet, hormones, and substrate supply, as well as the intracellular molecular and genetic mechanisms. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of various in vivo and in vitro systems for the study of lactose synthesis, which remains an important research gap.
No Self Without Salience: Affective and Self-relevance Ratings of 552 Emotionally Valenced and Neutral Dutch Words
Authors: Dimitrova Lora I. , Vissia Eline M. , Geugies Hanneke , Hofstetter Hedwig , Chalavi Sima , Reinders Antje A. T. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is unknown how self-relevance is dependent on emotional salience. Emotional salience encompasses an individual's degree of attraction or aversion to emotionally-valenced information. The current study investigated the interconnection between self and salience through the evaluation of emotional valence and self-relevance. 56 native Dutch participants completed a questionnaire assessing valence, intensity, and self-relevance of 552 Dutch nouns and verbs. One-way repeated-measures ANCOVA investigated the relationship between valence and self, age and gender. Repeated-measures ANCOVA also tested the relationship between valence and self with intensity ratings and effects of gender and age. Results showed a significant main effect of valence for self-relevant words. Intensity analyses showed a main effect of valence but not of self-relevance. There were no significant effects of gender and age. The most important finding presents that self-relevance is dependent on valence. These findings concerning the relationship between self and salience opens avenues to study an individual's self-definition.
Person agreement with inherent case DPs in Chirag Dargwa
Authors: Ganenkov Dmitry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article argues that the syntactic behavior of non-absolutive subjects of finite clauses in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa is a result of their interaction with two different functional heads in a clause:vand T. Discussing empirical data from Chirag, I present the puzzling behavior of person agreement, which shows selective sensitivity to arguments in the ergative, dative, and genitive cases. The primary evidence comes from the periphrastic causative, which displays some typologically unusual properties in case marking and agreement. I show that the ability to trigger person agreement is not an intrinsic property of ergative, dative, and genitive DPs in Chirag, but rather is endowed to the highest DP in T’s c-command domain over the course of the derivation. I propose that all non-absolutive subjects start out as DPs assigned inherent case and a theta-role byv, and that T further assigns structural nominative case to the DP in Spec,vP, thus making it accessible to φ-probes.
A measurement study of offloading virtual network functions to the edge
Authors: Chaudhry S. R. , Liu P. , Wang X. , Cahill V. , Collier M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe deployment of virtual network functions (VNFs) at edge servers potentially impairs the performance of latency-sensitive applications due to their computational cost. This work considers a new approach to addressing this problem that provides line rate acceleration of VNFs by employing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) equipped edge servers. This approach has been validated by practical use cases with both TCP and UDP as underlying protocol on a physical testbed environment. We examine the performance implications of executing a security VNF at an FPGA-equipped edge server. We experimentally demonstrate reduced VNF execution latency and energy consumption for a real-time video streaming application in comparison with a software-only baseline. In particular, the results show that the approach lowers VNF execution latency and power consumption at the edge by up to 44% and 76%, respectively, in our experiments while satisfying time constraints and maintaining confidentiality with high scalability. We also highlight the potential research challenges to make this approach viable in practice.
Influence of the Heat Input on the Dendritic Solidification Structure and the Mechanical Properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Submerged-Arc Weld Metal
Authors: Schönmaier Hannah , Krein Ronny , Schmitz-Niederau Martin , Schnitzer Ronald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alloy 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V is commonly used for heavy wall pressure vessels in the petrochemical industry, such as hydrogen reactors. As these reactors are operated at elevated temperatures and high pressures, the 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V welding consumables require a beneficial combination of strength and toughness as well as enhanced creep properties. The mechanical properties are known to be influenced by several welding parameters. This study deals with the influence of the heat input during submerged-arc welding (SAW) on the solidification structure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V multilayer metal. The heat input was found to increase the primary and secondary dendrite spacing as well as the bainitic and prior austenite grain size of the weld metal. Furthermore, it was determined that a higher heat input during SAW causes an increase in the stress rupture time and a decrease in Charpy impact energy. This is assumed to be linked to a lower number of weld layers, and therefore, a decreased amount of fine grained reheated zone if the multilayer weld metal is fabricated with higher heat input. In contrast to the stress rupture time and the toughness, the weld metal’s strength, ductility and macro-hardness remain nearly unaffected by changes of the heat input.
On the growth and zeros of polynomials attached to arithmetic functions
Authors: Heim Bernhard , Neuhauser Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate growth properties and the zero distribution of polynomials attached to arithmetic functionsgandh, wheregis normalized, of moderate growth, and$$0<h(n) \le h(n+1)$$0<h(n)≤h(n+1). We put$$P_0^{g,h}(x)=1$$P0g,h(x)=1and$$\begin{aligned} P_n^{g,h}(x) := \frac{x}{h(n)} \sum _{k=1}^{n} g(k) \, P_{n-k}^{g,h}(x). \end{aligned}$$Png,h(x):=xh(n)∑k=1ng(k)Pn-kg,h(x).As an application we obtain the best known result on the domain of the non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficients of powers of the Dedekind$$\eta $$η-function. Here,gis the sum of divisors andhthe identity function. Kostant’s result on the representation of simple complex Lie algebras and Han’s results on the Nekrasov–Okounkov hook length formula are extended. The polynomials are related to reciprocals of Eisenstein series, Klein’sj-invariant, and Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind.
Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction after pharmacological up-titration in new-onset heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Nauta J. F. , Santema B. T. , van der Wal M. H. L. , Koops A. , Warink-Riemersma J. , van Dijk K. , Inkelaar F. , Prückl S. , Suwijn J. , van Deursen V. M. , Meijers W. C. , Coster J. , Westenbrink B. D. , de Boer R. A. , Hummel Y. , van Melle J. , van Veldhuisen D. J. , van der Meer P. , Voors A. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Recent studies have reported suboptimal up-titration of heart failure (HF) therapies in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Here, we report on the achieved doses after nurse-led up-titration, reasons for not achieving the target dose, subsequent changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and mortality.

Methods
From 2012 to 2018, 378 HFrEF patients with a recent (< 3 months) diagnosis of HF were referred to a specialised HF-nurse led clinic for protocolised up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). The achieved doses of GDMT at 9 months were recorded, as well as reasons for not achieving the optimal dose in all patients. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after up-titration in 278 patients.

Results
Of 345 HFrEF patients with a follow-up visit after 9 months, 69% reached ≥ 50% of the recommended dose of renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) inhibitors, 73% reached ≥ 50% of the recommended dose of beta-blockers and 77% reached ≥ 50% of the recommended dose of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The main reasons for not reaching the target dose were hypotension (RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers), bradycardia (beta-blockers) and renal dysfunction (RAS inhibitors). During a median follow-up of 9 months, mean LVEF increased from 27.6% at baseline to 38.8% at follow-up. Each 5% increase in LVEF was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.84 (0.75–0.94, p = 0.002) for mortality and 0.85 (0.78–0.94, p = 0.001) for the combined endpoint of mortality and/or HF hospitalisation after a mean follow-up of 3.3 years.

Conclusions
This study shows that protocolised up-titration in a nurse-led HF clinic leads to high doses of GDMT and improvement of LVEF in patients with new-onset HFrEF.
De-escalation of Systemic Therapy for Early-Stage, Node-Negative Her2+ and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gonzalez Lorena , Mortimer Joanne , Kruper Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes the most recent data on the management of small, node-negative Her2+ and triple-negative breast cancer.

Recent Findings
Both Her2+ and triple-negative breast cancers are characterized by high rates of recurrence and worse survival outcomes compared to hormone-positive cancers. De-escalation of systemic therapy in early-stage breast cancer is a recent national trend in clinical research. Recent prospective trials support the scaling back of cytotoxic agents and maximization of targeted therapy regimens. Similarly, large retrospective studies on small, node-negative triple-negative breast cancer report the omission of chemotherapy in women with T1a,N0 triple-negative cancers with favorable short term outcomes.

Summary
De-escalation of systemic therapy for Her2+ breast cancer is effective in the management of early-stage, node-negative disease. Future prospective studies on the omission of systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer are required to safely adopt into consensus guidelines.
Techniques of Neutralization in Narratives of Addicted Gamers: A Social Science Approach on Gaming Disorder
Authors: Jukschat Nadine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to a hegemony of psychology, the phenomenon of addicted gaming tends to be conceptualized as a chronic illness. Taking a sociological perspective requires reframing the phenomenon: As deviant behavior, and therefore as a behavior, that goes against behavioral expectations of social groups. Such change of perspective raises new questions and sheds light on aspects of the phenomenon that have been unstudied so far. The article takes one step in this direction and applies the concept of neutralization as a heuristic to study how gamers classified as addicted make sense of their deviant gaming practices. Analyses of biographical-narrative interviews with addicted gamers indicate that they use five neutralization techniques in order to carry out their deviant practices without generally questioning social norms, these are rejection of individual responsibility, trivializing revaluation, positive revaluation, revaluation of deviance as self-determined choice and condemnation of instances of social control.
The study on experimental method of fluid stress sensitivity of low permeability in tight reservoir
Authors: Lin Xiao , Xue-wei Liu , Long-kan Shao , Shao-peng Wang , Pu-fu Xiao , Xin-li Zhao , Zhong-kun Niu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to the industry standard, low permeability and tight reservoir are highly stress-sensitive in laboratory tests. However, this phenomenon has not been effectively confirmed in the field production test. For this reason, a method to measure stress sensitivity by axial loading is proposed. By loading fixed axial stress, the measurement method achieves the effect of equivalent preloading fluid pressure. Meanwhile, the equivalent theoretical curve can be obtained by translating the curve. Through this method, the stress sensitivity of the core with microfracture is studied. According to the results, the stress sensitivity of the cores can be divided into two stages: the first stage is the non-opening stage of microfractures, in which the stress sensitivity is weak; the second stage is the opening stage of microfractures, in which the stress sensitivity increases sharply. When the permeability changes significantly, the corresponding pressure is the microfracture's opening pressure. In addition, if the abscissa of the experimental results corresponds to the field production data, the field stress sensitivity curve of the field reservoir can be obtained. Conventional stress sensitivity test shows that the four cores in the study block exhibit medium to strong stress sensitivity. According to the stress sensitivity curve analysis after curve translation, the stress sensitivity of the reservoir is about 25% in the elastic production stage, which is classified as weak stress sensitivity. This conclusion can effectively support the phenomenon of the unobvious stress sensitivity in the field production of low permeability and tight reservoirs.
Orthorexia nervosa and Instagram: exploring the Russian-speaking conversation around #opтopeкcия
Authors: Zemlyanskaya Yana , Valente Martina , Syurina Elena V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis mixed-methods study explored the conversation around orthorexia nervosa (ON) on Instagram from a Russian-speaking perspective. Two quantitative data sources were implemented; a comparative content analysis of posts tagged with #opтopeкcия (n = 234) and #orthorexia (n = 243), and an online questionnaire completed by Russian-speakers (n = 96) sharing ON-related content on Instagram. Additionally, five questionnaire participants were interviewed, four of which identified with having (had) ON. Russian-speakers who share ON-related content on Instagram are primarily female, around their late-twenties, and prefer Instagram over other platforms. They describe people with ON as obsessed with correct eating, rather than healthy or clean eating. Instagram appears to have a dual effect; it has the potential to both trigger the onset of ON and encourage recovery. Positive content encourages a healthy relationship with food, promotes intuitive eating, and spread recovery advice. Harmful content, in turn, emphasizes specific diet and beauty ideals. Russian-speaking users mainly post pictures of food, followed by largely informative text that explains what ON is, and what recovery may look like. Their reasons for posting ON-related content are to share personal experiences, support others in recovery, and raise awareness about ON. Two main target audiences were people unaware of ON and people seeking recovery support. The relationship between ON and social media is not strictly limited to the global north. Thus, it may be valuable to further investigate non-English-speaking populations currently underrepresented in ON research.Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive study.
Quantity decisions of two-stage competitive location model based on different location modes
Authors: Li Yadong , Li Xuemei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe facility location of a competing firm in a market has great importance in supply chain management. The two-stage competitive location model formulates the decision process of an entrant firm facing both location and price competition. In this paper, we incorporated the facility quantity as a decision variable into a two-stage competitive location model with the objective of maximized profit. Sequential location mode and simultaneous location mode were applied to simulate different location behavior. We developed an approximate branch and bound method to accelerate optimal location searching speed under the premise of accuracy. Greedy algorithm and approximate branch and bound method were used in two location modes. From algorithm evaluation, we found that the approximate branch and bound method is an ideal supplement of the traditional branch and bound method, especially for location problems with large-scale potential locations. Compare the results of the two modes, we found when a new firm is going to enter a market with both price and location competition, sequential location mode is an advantage strategy, since it can gain more profit than simultaneous location mode.