bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Design and Analysis of Quadruped Crawling Robot Climbing Over
the Raised Terrain of Slope
Authors: Wang Peng , Dong Renquan , Sun Tiecheng , Tang Qiong 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Quadruped crawling robots face challenges when working in the raised terrain
of a slope. The robot is affected by gravity and gait under this terrain. The ground reaction force on its
hind legs is relatively large. This has strict requirements for the structure and gait planning of the quadruped
crawling robot.

Objective:
Aimed at the problem of a large ground reaction force on the rear legs of the quadruped
crawling robot when crawling on the raised terrain of a slope, a slope-triangular gait walking strategy
for quadruped robots based on a layered CGP gait generation method is proposed.

Methods:
Three-dimensional model of the quadruped crawling robot is created in SOLIDWORKS. The
kinematic model is established, and the foot position vector is obtained. Considering the characteristics
of the raised terrain of a slope, slope tripod gait and hierarchical CPG slope tripod gait generator are
proposed. Comparative simulation of sloped tripod gait and flat tripod gait, the slope tripod gait with
and without the gait generator is carried out by Adams programming.

Results:
When the quadruped crawling robot adopts slope tripod gait and flat tripod gait respectively,
the centroid displacement curve, foot speed curve and foot contact force curve are compared. When the
quadruped crawling robot adopts the slope tripod gait and does not adopt the slope tripod gait, the body
posture curves of the two are compared. The result proves that the tripod gait walking strategy is feasible.

Conclusion:
The slope tripod gait walking strategy can improve the impact resistance of the quadruped
crawling robot on sloped high ground. The gait design and motion analysis process of the robot can
provide a reference for other quadruped crawling robot devices.
Research Advances on Passive Knee Joints Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Gao Ziwen , Wu Dianhao , Yu Xiaoyang , Guo Yafeng 
Published: April 2021

Background:
After a smooth development of life expectancy per capita and fertility in
the nineteenth century, the global population increased in size. Along with the demographic shift
in the late nineteenth century, the phenomenon of population aging began to appear in developed
countries. A survey from UN reports that by 2050, one in six people worldwide will be over 65
years old (16%), compared to 11 (9%) in 2019. According to another survey, 55% of people over
the age of 60 suffer from joint diseases, and the number of people suffering from stroke, arthritis
and other knee diseases will also increase accordingly.

Objective:
An overview of the classification and characteristics of today's knee rehabilitation devices
and future developments.

Methods:
This review discusses the existing knee rehabilitation devices, including various products
on the market, patents and some conceptual devices, in the context of the structural characteristics
of the knee joint and the rehabilitation requirements of different knee conditions or after knee
arthroplasty, and systematically introduces their structural features, differences and the rehabilitation
effects achieved.

Results:
A comparative analysis of three types of passive knee rehabilitation devices according to
their use was conducted to summarize the typical characteristics. The problems that exist in today's
rehabilitation devices are also analyzed, and their development trends are looked forward to.

Conclusion:
Knee rehabilitation equipment has a high degree of structural richness, but it does not
achieve a good balance of convenience, comfort and functionality, and there should be some room
for improvement in the materials, volume of the power source and transmission form of the power
system. There will be a good development in the future of knee joint recovery.
A User-Centered Chatbot (Wakamola) to Collect Linked Data in Population Networks to Support Studies of Overweight and Obesity Causes: Design and Pilot Study
Authors: Asensio-Cuesta Sabina , Blanes-Selva Vicent , Conejero J Alberto , Frigola Ana , Portolés Manuel G , Merino-Torres Juan Francisco , Rubio Almanza Matilde , Syed-Abdul Shabbir , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack) , Vilar-Mateo Ruth , Fernandez-Luque Luis , García-Gómez Juan M 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundObesity and overweight are a serious health problem worldwide with multiple and connected causes. Simultaneously, chatbots are becoming increasingly popular as a way to interact with users in mobile health apps.ObjectiveThis study reports the user-centered design and feasibility study of a chatbot to collect linked data to support the study of individual and social overweight and obesity causes in populations.MethodsWe first studied the users’ needs and gathered users’ graphical preferences through an open survey on 52 wireframes designed by 150 design students; it also included questions about sociodemographics, diet and activity habits, the need for overweight and obesity apps, and desired functionality. We also interviewed an expert panel. We then designed and developed a chatbot. Finally, we conducted a pilot study to test feasibility.ResultsWe collected 452 answers to the survey and interviewed 4 specialists. Based on this research, we developed a Telegram chatbot named Wakamola structured in six sections: personal, diet, physical activity, social network, user's status score, and project information. We defined a user's status score as a normalized sum (0-100) of scores about diet (frequency of eating 50 foods), physical activity, BMI, and social network. We performed a pilot to evaluate the chatbot implementation among 85 healthy volunteers. Of 74 participants who completed all sections, we found 8 underweight people (11%), 5 overweight people (7%), and no obesity cases. The mean BMI was 21.4 kg/m2 (normal weight). The most consumed foods were olive oil, milk and derivatives, cereals, vegetables, and fruits. People walked 10 minutes on 5.8 days per week, slept 7.02 hours per day, and were sitting 30.57 hours per week. Moreover, we were able to create a social network with 74 users, 178 relations, and 12 communities.ConclusionsThe Telegram chatbot Wakamola is a feasible tool to collect data from a population about sociodemographics, diet patterns, physical activity, BMI, and specific diseases. Besides, the chatbot allows the connection of users in a social network to study overweight and obesity causes from both individual and social perspectives.
The Costs and Cardiovascular Benefits in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease From a Fourth-Generation Synchronous Telehealth Program: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Jen-Kuang , Hung Chi-Sheng , Huang Ching-Chang , Chen Ying-Hsien , Wu Hui-Wen , Chuang Pao-Yu , Yu Jiun-Yu , Ho Yi-Lwun 
Published: April 2021

Background
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at high risk for major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. We have previously shown the clinical efficacy of a fourth-generation synchronous telehealth program for some patients, but the costs and cardiovascular benefits of the program for PAD patients remain unknown.

Objective
The telehealth program is now widely used by higher-risk cardiovascular patients to prevent further cardiovascular events. This study investigated whether patients with PAD would also have better cardiovascular outcomes after participating in the fourth-generation synchronous telehealth program.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. We screened 5062 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were treated at National Taiwan University Hospital and then enrolled 391 patients with a diagnosis of PAD. Of these patients, 162 took part in the telehealth program, while 229 did not and thus served as control patients. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score was used to mitigate possible selection bias. Follow-up outcomes included heart failure hospitalization, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and all-cause readmission during the 1-year follow-up period and through the last follow-up.

Results
The mean follow-up duration was 3.1 (SD 1.8) years for the patients who participated in the telehealth program and 3.2 (SD 1.8) for the control group. The telehealth program patients exhibited lower risk of ischemic stroke than did the control group in the first year after IPTW (0.9% vs 3.5%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.24; 95% CI 0.07-0.80). The 1-year composite endpoint of vascular accident, including acute coronary syndrome and stroke, was also significantly lower in the telehealth program group after IPTW (2.4% vs 5.2%; HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.21-0.997). At the end of the follow-up, the telehealth program group continued to exhibit a significantly lower rate of ischemic stroke than did the control group after IPTW (0.9% vs 3.5%; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.93). Furthermore, the medical costs of the telehealth program patients were not higher than those of the control group, whether in terms of outpatient, emergency department, hospitalization, or total costs.

Conclusions
The PAD patients who participated in the fourth-generation synchronous telehealth program exhibited lower risk of ischemic stroke events over both mid- and long-term follow-up periods. However, larger-scale and prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Capturing COVID-19–Like Symptoms at Scale Using Banner Ads on an Online News Platform: Pilot Survey Study
Authors: Dixon Brian E , Mukherjee Sumit , Wiensch Ashley , Gray Mary L , Ferres Juan M Lavista , Grannis Shaun J 
Published: April 2021

Background
Identifying new COVID-19 cases is challenging. Not every suspected case undergoes testing, because testing kits and other equipment are limited in many parts of the world. Yet populations increasingly use the internet to manage both home and work life during the pandemic, giving researchers mediated connections to millions of people sheltering in place.

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of using an online news platform to recruit volunteers willing to report COVID-19–like symptoms and behaviors.

Methods
An online epidemiologic survey captured COVID-19–related symptoms and behaviors from individuals recruited through banner ads offered through Microsoft News. Respondents indicated whether they were experiencing symptoms, whether they received COVID-19 testing, and whether they traveled outside of their local area.

Results
A total of 87,322 respondents completed the survey across a 3-week span at the end of April 2020, with 54.3% of the responses from the United States and 32.0% from Japan. Of the total respondents, 19,631 (22.3%) reported at least one symptom associated with COVID-19. Nearly two-fifths of these respondents (39.1%) reported more than one COVID-19–like symptom. Individuals who reported being tested for COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report symptoms (47.7% vs 21.5%; P<.001). Symptom reporting rates positively correlated with per capita COVID-19 testing rates (R2=0.26; P<.001). Respondents were geographically diverse, with all states and most ZIP Codes represented. More than half of the respondents from both countries were older than 50 years of age.

Conclusions
News platforms can be used to quickly recruit study participants, enabling collection of infectious disease symptoms at scale and with populations that are older than those found through social media platforms. Such platforms could enable epidemiologists and researchers to quickly assess trends in emerging infections potentially before at-risk populations present to clinics and hospitals for testing and/or treatment.
Transitioning to Remote Clinic Visits in a Smoking Cessation Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Mahoney Martin Christopher , Park Eunhee , Schlienz Nicolas J , Duerr CeCe , Hawk Larry W 
Published: April 2021

Background
The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has caused disruptions in ongoing clinical trials and is expected to accelerate interest in conducting research studies remotely.

Objective
A quasi-experimental, mixed methods approach was used to examine the rates of visit completion as well as the opinions and experiences of participants enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial of smoking cessation who were required to change from in-person clinic visits to remote visits using video or telephone conferencing due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
For quantitative comparisons, we used a quasi-experimental design, comparing a cohort of participants followed during the pandemic (n=23, COVID-19 cohort) to a comparable cohort of participants followed over a similar time period in the calendar years 2018 and 2019 (n=51, pre–COVID-19 cohort) to examine the rates of completion of scheduled visits and biospecimen collection. For the qualitative component, interviews were conducted with participants who experienced the transition from in-person to remote visits.

Results
Participants in the COVID-19 cohort completed an average of 83.6% of remote clinic visits (95% CI 73.1%-91.2%), which was not significantly different than the in-person completion rate of 89.8% in the pre–COVID-19 cohort. Participants in the COVID-19 cohort returned an average of 93.2% (95% CI 83.5%-98.1%) of saliva specimens for remote clinic visits completed, which was not significantly different than the in-person saliva specimen completion rate of 100% in the pre–COVID-19 cohort. Two broad themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) the benefits of remote visits and (2) the challenges of remote counseling compared to in-person counseling. Despite limited experience with telehealth prior to this transition, most participants expressed a willingness to engage in remote visits in the future.

Conclusions
Even in the context of a rapid transition from in-person to remote visits necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of visit completion and return of biospecimens remained high. Participants were generally accepting of the transition. Further research is needed to identify the optimal mix of in-person and remote visits beyond the pandemic context and to better understand how these changes may impact study outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03262662; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03262662
RELIGIOUS HERITAGE AND VALUES PERFECTING PEACEFULNESS AMONG THE CONTEMPORARY YORÙBÁ
Authors: Olayinka Akintayo Sunday 
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the roles that religious heritage among the Yorùbá
plays in sustaining their peacefulness. The Yorùbá use both formal and
informal interactions to engage one another in discourses that enhance
their togetherness but often faced with outside influences that can
truncate their desired goals. This paper, therefore, places the Yorùbá
by the established peaceful societies (PS) to see how they compare in
their attitude to peacefulness and providing explanation to the Yorùbá’s
effort to keep the peace despite the outside influences on their
society.
Please note: The bulk of this article is taken from chapter 8
of the author’s doctoral dissertation with a few amendments to suit this
journal.
Keywords: Christian-Muslim relations, peace studies, Africa -
Yorùbá, religious – ethics, culture – values, Covid-19.
Assessment of preparation time and 1-year Invisalign aligner attachment survival using flowable and packable composites:
Authors: Lin Shuang , Huang Ling , Li Jialing , Wen Juan , Mei Li , Xu Haipeng , Zhang Lu , Li Huang 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare preparation time and 1-year Invisalign aligner attachment survival between a flowable composite (FC) and a packable composite (PC).

Materials and Methods
Fifty-five participants (13 men and 42 women, mean age ± SD: 24.2 ± 5.9 years) were included in the study. Ipsilateral quadrants (ie, maxillary and mandibular right, or vice versa) of attachments were randomly assigned to the FC group (Filtek Z350XT Flowable Restorative) and the PC group (Filtek Z350XT Universal Restorative) by tossing a coin. The primary outcome was preparation time. The secondary outcome was time to the first damage of an attachment. Preparation times were compared using the paired t-test, and the survival data were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model with a shared frailty term, with α = .05.

Results
The preparation times were significantly shorter with the FC (6.22 ± 0.22 seconds per attachment) than with the PC (32.83 ± 2.16 seconds per attachment; P &lt; .001). The attachment damage rates were 14.79% for the FC and 9.70% for the PC. According to the Cox models, attachment damage was not significantly affected by the attachment material, sex, arch, tooth location, attachment type, presence of overbite, or occurrence of tooth extraction.

Conclusions
The use of a FC may save time as compared with the use of a PC. With regard to attachment survival, there was no significant difference between the two composites. None of the covariates of attachment materials (sex, arch, tooth location, attachment type, presence of overbite, oir occurrence of tooth extraction) affected attachment damage.
LINGUODIDAC DESCRIPTION OF AUTHORIZATION MEANS AS PART OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE (PROBLEM STATEMENT)
Authors: Завьялова Ольга Сергеевна , Христу Мария 
Published: April 2021

Рассматриваются грамматические средства, используемые говорящим для обозначения источника информации при организации высказывания. Цель высказывания - передача сведений, полученных в коммуникативных актах, предшествующих конкретному акту коммуникации. Показано, что эти грамматические средства, принадлежащие разным разделам языка, не охарактеризованы в полной мере в научно-методической литературе, прежде всего в нормативных документах, регламентирующих обучение иностранцев русскому языку. Восполнить существующий пробел в прикладном описании системы языка (ее фрагмента) можно, опираясь на результаты ее исследования в теоретической лингвистике. Для определения места грамматических средств указания на источник информации в системе языка авторы обращаются к концепции коммуникативной грамматики Г. А. Золотовой, к предложенным в рамках этой концепции понятиям «авторизация», «средства авторизации». При рассмотрении системы средств авторизации в русском языке с позиций теоретической лингвистики формулируются и научно обосновываются задачи их изучения и описания в лингводидактическом аспекте, в целях обучения языку.
The paper considers the grammatical means used by speakers to indicate the source of information when organizing an utterance, the purpose of which is to transfer information received in communicative acts preceding a specific act of communication. It is shown that these grammatical means belonging to different language system divisions are not fully characterized in the methodological literature and, first of all, in the normative documents regulating the teaching of Russian to foreigners. Filling the gap existing in the applied description of the language system (its fragment) supposes it to be built on the language research by theoretical linguistics. To determine the place of grammatical means of indicating the source of information in the language system, the authors turn to the communicative grammar of G. A. Zolotova, to the concepts of “authorization” and “authorization means” proposed within this linguistic model. When considering the system of authorization means in the Russian language from the standpoint of theoretical linguistics, the objectives of their study and description in the linguodidactic aspect are formulated and scientifically substantiated. Linguodidactic conception of authorization means (not yet described satisfactorily in the methodological literature) based on the language system provides the basis for the most efficient presentation of this material to a foreign audience and for the learners’ success in acquiring this part of Russian grammar.
ESSENTIAL METHODS OF MATH ANXIETY REGULATION
Authors: Мацепуро Дарья Михайловна , Есипенко Елена Александровна , Терехина Ольга Владимировна 
Published: April 2021

Представлен феномен математической тревожности и рассмотрены методы, позволяющие регулировать данный вид тревожности, способы их реализации, а также потенциальное применение с точки зрения их эффективности и надежности. Описанные методы практически не проверялись на российских выборках, в связи с этим требуется их дальнейшее изучение и экспериментальная верификация, а также апробация в условиях образовательного процесса. Новая реальность смешанного и онлайн-обучения может способствовать развитию математической тревожности и привести к увеличению количества школьников, испытывающих дискомфорт при работе с числовой информацией. Это требует переосмысления и усовершенствования методов ее регуляции.
Math anxiety (MA) is a feeling of fear, worry and discomfort when working with numerical information. Students with a high level of math anxiety tend to avoid mathematics and further study in areas where mathematical knowledge is required. This leads to a shortage of applicants for technical and natural sciences. The development of MA can be caused by: poor mathematical skills, genetic predisposition, socio-environmental factors. In fact, some of the same genetic and environmental reasons affect both math ability and math anxiety. This paper discusses such methods of MA regulation as: expressive writing, reappraisal, relaxation, meditation, mindfulness, art therapy, bibliography, music therapy, and psychophysiological methods (i.e. transcranial stimulation). The effects obtained by these methods, its implementation, as well as potential applications in terms of their effectiveness and reliability have been covered. The studied methods have practically not been tested on Russian samples. Therefore, their further study and experimental verification are required. Regulation methods also require testing in real conditions of the educational process. The new reality of blended and online learning could trigger math and academic anxiety. It is important that some of the proposed methods can be indirectly applied to other types of “academic anxiety” (anxiety caused and experienced by students for other specific discipline).