bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene causes some of the panda's unique metabolic phenotypes
Authors: Rudolf Agata M , Wu Qi , Li Li , Wang Jun , Huang Yi , Togo Jacques , Liechti Christopher , Li Min , Niu Chaoqun , Nie Yonggang , Wei Fuwen , Speakman John R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic bear native to China, famous for eating almost exclusively bamboo. This unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity, reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism leading to lowered energy expenditure. These adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from a panda-unique single-nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene, involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we created genome-edited mice carrying the same point mutation as the panda and investigated its effect on metabolic phenotype. Homozygous mice were 27% smaller than heterozygous and wild-type ones, had 13% lower body mass-adjusted food intake, 55% decreased physical activity, lower mass of kidneys (11%) and brain (5%), lower serum thyroxine (T4: 36%), decreased absolute (12%) and mass-adjusted (5%) daily energy expenditure, and altered gut microbiota. Supplementation with T4 reversed the effects of the mutation. This work uses a state-of-the-art genome editing approach to demonstrate the link between a single-nucleotide mutation in a key endocrine-related gene and profound adaptive changes in the metabolic phenotype, with great importance in ecology and evolution.
History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Individuals With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Trial
Authors: Quinn Mackenzie Hosie , Olonoff Matthew , Bauer Anna-Marika , Fox Erica , Jao Nancy , Lubitz Su Fen , Leone Frank , Gollan Jacqueline K , Schnoll Robert , Hitsman Brian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) is at least double that of the general US population. More effective smoking cessation interventions for depressed smokers may be facilitated through a better understanding of the smoking and depression-related characteristics of this population.

Methods
We used baseline data from 300 participants enrolled in randomized clinical trial for smokers with current or past MDD. We described history of smoking cessation behaviors (ie, quit attempts, quit motivation, and cessation treatment utilization) and used multivariate regression to identify demographic and depression-related correlates of these behaviors.

Results
Sixty-eight percent of participants reported at least one quit attempt in the past year, nearly 51% reported motivation to quit in the subsequent 30 days, and 83% reported prior use of a nicotine replacement therapy. A greater readiness to quit smoking was associated with increased age (p = .04) and lower cigarettes per day (p = .01). Greater use of smoking cessation medication was associated with greater education and nicotine dependence, minority race, and greater use of complementary reinforcers (eg, activities associated with increased reinforcing value of smoking; p’s &lt; .05).

Conclusions
These data indicate that smokers with current or past MDD are highly motivated to quit smoking and have a history of engaging in efforts to quit. Interventions to promote smoking cessation behaviors should address younger and lighter smokers, who may perceive less risk from tobacco use, and efforts to promote smoking cessation medications and counseling should address minority smokers who are engaging in complementary reinforcers.

Implications
These data are inconsistent with the assumption that smokers with serious mental illness are not willing to quit smoking and suggest the need for studies that test behavioral interventions that address complementary reinforcers to treat tobacco use in this community.
Dietary patterns in middle age: effects on concurrent neurocognition and risk of age-related cognitive decline
Authors: Gauci Sarah , Young Lauren M , Arnoldy Lizanne , Lassemillante Annie-Claude , Scholey Andrew , Pipingas Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Diet plays a critical role in cognitive integrity and decline in older adults. However, little is known about the relationship between diet and cognitive integrity in middle age.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns in healthy middle-aged adults and neurocognition both in middle age and later in life.

Data Sources
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, the following electronic databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychInfo.

Data Extraction
Data from eligible articles was extracted by 2 reviewers.

Data Analysis
Articles included in the systematic review were synthesized (based on the synthesis without meta-analysis reporting guidelines) and assessed for quality (using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies) by 2 reviewers.

Results
Of 1558 studies identified, 34 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These comprised 9 cross-sectional studies, 23 longitudinal or prospective cohort studies, and 2 randomized controlled trials. Findings were mixed, with some studies reporting a significant positive relationship between adherence to various “healthy” dietary patterns and neurocognition, but others reporting no such relationship.

Conclusion
This systematic review demonstrated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet and other healthy dietary patterns in middle age can protect neurocognition later in life.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020153179.
Macronutrient-induced modulation of periodontitis in rodents—a systematic review
Authors: Choowong Phannaphat , Wali Jibran A , Nguyen Anh Thi Mai , Jayasinghe Thilini N , Eberhard Joerg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Consumption of dietary macronutrients is associated with the progression of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, either by direct modulation of host immune response or via microbiome. This includes periodontitis, a disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues.

Objective
The aim of this work was to systematically review studies focusing on the effect of macronutrient (ie, carbohydrate, protein, fat) intake on periodontitis in rodents.

Data Sources
Electronic searches were performed in February 2021 using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Out of 883 articles reviewed, 23 studies were selected for additional analysis.

Data Extraction
Investigators extracted relevant data, including author names; the year of publication; article title; macronutrient composition; number and species of animals and their age at the start of the experiment; intervention period; method of periodontitis induction; and primary and secondary periodontitis outcomes. Quality assessment was done using the risk-of-bias tool for animal studies. After completing the data extraction, descriptive statistical information was obtained.

Data Analysis
High intakes of dietary cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and processed carbohydrates such as sucrose, and protein-deficient diets were positively associated with periodontitis in rodents. This included greater amounts of alveolar bone loss, more lesions on periodontal tissues, and dental plaque accumulation. In contrast, high doses of milk basic protein in diets and diets with a high ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 fatty acids were negatively associated with periodontitis in rodents.

Conclusion
This work highlights the fact that, despite the large body of evidence linking macronutrients with inflammation and ageing, overall there is little information on how dietary nutrients affect periodontitis in animal models. In addition, there is inconsistency in data due to differences in methodology, outcome measurement, and dietary formulation. More studies are needed to examine the effects of different dietary macronutrients on periodontitis and investigate the underlying biological mechanisms.
Cell-to-Cell Connection in Plant Grafting—Molecular Insights into Symplasmic Reconstruction
Authors: Kurotani Ken-ichi , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTGrafting is a means to connect tissues from two individual plants and grow a single chimeric plant through the establishment of both apoplasmic and symplasmic connections. Recent molecular studies using RNA-sequencing data have provided genetic information on the processes involved in tissue reunion, including wound response, cell division, cell–cell adhesion, cell differentiation and vascular formation. Thus, studies on grafting increase our understanding of various aspects of plant biology. Grafting has also been used to study systemic signaling and transport of micromolecules and macromolecules in the plant body. Given that graft viability and molecular transport across graft junctions largely depend on vascular formation, a major focus in grafting biology has been the mechanism of vascular development. In addition, it has been thought that symplasmic connections via plasmodesmata are fundamentally important to share cellular information among newly proliferated cells at the graft interface and to accomplish tissue differentiation correctly. Therefore, this review focuses on plasmodesmata formation during grafting. We take advantage of interfamily grafts for unambiguous identification of the graft interface and summarize morphological aspects of de novo formation of plasmodesmata. Important molecular events are addressed by re-examining the time-course transcriptome of interfamily grafts, from which we recently identified the cell–cell adhesion mechanism. Plasmodesmata-associated genes upregulated during graft healing that may provide a link to symplasm establishment are described. We also discuss future research directions.
Depletion of m-type thioredoxin impairs photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and oxidative stress in cyanobacteria
Authors: Mallén-Ponce Manuel J , Huertas María José , Sánchez-Riego Ana María , Florencio Francisco J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are disulfide oxidoreductases that regulate many biological processes. The m-type thioredoxin (TrxA) is the only Trx present in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Extensive biochemical and proteomic analyses have identified many TrxA target proteins in different photosynthetic organisms. However, the precise function of this essential protein in vivo is still poorly known. In this study, we generated a conditional Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 mutant strain (STXA2) using an on-off promoter that is able to survive with only 2% of the TrxA level of the wild-type (WT) strain. STXA2 characterization revealed that TrxA depletion results in growth arrest and pronounced impairment of photosynthesis and the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. Analysis of the in vivo redox state of the bifunctional enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase showed higher levels of oxidation that affected enzyme activity in STXA2. This result implies that TrxA-mediated redox regulation of the CBB cycle is conserved in both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, although the targets have different evolutionary origins. The STXA2 strain also accumulated more reactive oxygen species and was more sensitive to oxidative stress than the WT. Analysis of the in vivo redox state of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin revealed full oxidation, corresponding with TrxA depletion. Overall, these results indicate that depletion of TrxA in STXA2 greatly alters the cellular redox state, interfering with essential processes such as photosynthetic machinery operativity, carbon assimilation, and oxidative stress response. The TrxA regulatory role appears to be conserved along the evolution of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.
Two-loop scalar functions with I internal lines, $I \le 5$
Authors: Guillet J Ph , Pilon E , Shimizu Y , Zidi M S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article displays a proof of concept of the mixed analytical/numerical method, presented in previous publications, to compute two-loop functions with up to five massive propagators in a scalar theory having three- and four-leg vertices as the Higgs sector of the Standard Model. Several amplitudes are considered with two, three, and four external legs. Some of them diverge in the ultraviolet region and we demonstrate that the method works in that case. It is shown that all these classes of amplitudes can be generated by four master topologies. The results of a numerical evaluation for some kinematics are presented; they are compared to public software and agree well within the error bars quoted by the different programs.
Intermediaries and Asset Prices: International Evidence since 1870
Authors: Baron Matthew , Muir Tyler 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study data on commercial banks and securities firms across multiple countries since 1870. Balance sheet expansion of leveraged intermediaries negatively predicts returns of stocks, bonds, currencies, and housing. The predictability is stronger at shorter horizons, is robust to macroeconomic controls, and holds outside distress periods, in contrast to models featuring nonlinearities during distress. Intermediaries in global financial centers predict international equity returns. A new data set on individual stock holdings of Japanese intermediaries since 1955 shows intermediaries affect returns of stocks directly held. Our results suggest a strong universal link between intermediaries and asset returns distinct from macroeconomic channels.
Evidence and consensus-based recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of fatigue, hand function loss, Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Stöcker Juliane K , Schouffoer Anne A , Spierings Julia , Schriemer Marisca R , Potjewijd Judith , de Pundert Lian , van den Hoogen Frank H J , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W G , Staal J Bart , Satink Ton , Vonk Madelon C , van den Ende Cornelia H M ,   the Arthritis Research and Collaboration Hub study group
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
SSc is a complex CTD affecting mental and physical health. Fatigue, hand function loss, and RP are the most prevalent disease-specific symptoms of systemic sclerosis. This study aimed to develop consensus and evidence-based recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of these symptoms.

Methods
A multidisciplinary task force was installed comprising 20 Dutch experts. After agreeing on the method for formulating the recommendations, clinically relevant questions about patient education and treatments were inventoried. During a face-to-face task force meeting, draft recommendations were generated through a systematically structured discussion, following the nominal group technique. To support the recommendations, an extensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and six other databases until September 2020, and 20 key systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and published recommendations were selected. Moreover, 13 Dutch medical specialists were consulted on non-pharmacological advice regarding RP and digital ulcers. For each recommendation, the level of evidence and the level of agreement was determined.

Results
Forty-one evidence and consensus-based recommendations were developed, and 34, concerning treatments and patient education of fatigue, hand function loss, and RP/digital ulcers-related problems, were approved by the task force.

Conclusions
These 34 recommendations provide guidance on non-pharmacological treatment of three of the most frequently described symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis. The proposed recommendations can guide referrals to health professionals, inform the content of non-pharmacological interventions, and can be used in the development of national and international postgraduate educational offerings.
STATUS OF RADIATION DOSE LEVELS IN PAEDIATRIC CHEST RADIOGRAPHY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN GHANA
Authors: Anim-Sampong Samuel , Arthur Lawrence , Boahen Enock , Botwe Benard Ohene 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Determination of appropriate radiation doses to paediatric patients in accordance with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is important, as it allows for effective optimization of imaging techniques. This study assessed the status of radiation dose levels in paediatric patients undergoing chest X-ray examinations at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. A population encompassing 86 paediatric patients categorised as infants (&lt;1 y), young children (1-5 y) and older children (6–12 y) was selected using a quasi-experimental study design. The patients’ anatomical data and X-ray beam exposure parameters were used to indirectly calculate the entrance surface doses (ESDs) received during the examinations. The infants received the highest mean ESD of 196 μGy (uncertainty = 0.37) compared to 158 μGy (uncertainty = 0.46) among the older children. The risk of developing radiation-induced biological effects was therefore higher for infant patients. The ESDs were generally higher than the internationally recommended reference doses. Careful adoption of internationally accepted exposure factors (high tube voltage and low tube load) is most recommended to optimise the dose.
The association between Internet usage and sleep problems among Japanese adolescents: three repeated cross-sectional studies
Authors: Otsuka Yuichiro , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Itani Osamu , Matsumoto Yuuki , Jike Maki , Higuchi Susumu , Kanda Hideyuki , Kuwabara Yuki , Kinjo Aya , Osaki Yoneatsu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep problems and problematic Internet use have important implications for adolescent health; however, there have been no large-scale surveys using comprehensive measures. We examined the association between Internet use duration and sleep problems among Japanese adolescents.

Methods
We used data from the Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents collected in 2012, 2014, and 2017. We calculated the change in sleep status (insomnia, sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep quality) and Internet usage (screen time and services such as Internet surfing, social media use, streaming such as YouTube, and online gaming). A binary logistic model was estimated for insomnia. Generalized ordered logit models were employed for the ordinal outcomes (sleep duration, bedtime, sleep quality, and multidimensional sleep health). Sampling weights were constructed based on participation rate on survey years and selection rates from population statistics.

Results
We analyzed data from 248 983 adolescents. Sleep status was unchanged; however, many adolescents used more Internet services and for longer durations. The odds ratio of Internet screen time for all sleep problems (insomnia, shorter sleep duration, later bedtime, and worse sleep quality) gradually declined. Longer Internet screen time (&gt;5 hours) was strongly associated with all sleep problems. Internet services were also associated with sleep problems; particularly, social media use and online gaming were linked to later bedtimes.

Conclusions
Despite the decreased strength in the association between Internet usage and sleep problems, longer Internet time was strongly associated with sleep problems. Public health interventions should consider Internet use as an intervention target to improve adolescents’ health.
Exploration of the Ixodes ricinus virosphere unveils an extensive virus diversity including novel coltiviruses and other reoviruses
Authors: Vanmechelen Bert , Merino Michelle , Vergote Valentijn , Laenen Lies , Thijssen Marijn , Martí-Carreras Joan , Claerebout Edwin , Maes Piet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent metagenomics studies have revealed several tick species to host a variety of previously undiscovered RNA viruses. Ixodes ricinus, which is known to be a vector for many viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, is the most prevalent tick species in Europe. For this study, we decided to investigate the virosphere of Belgian I. ricinus ticks. High-throughput sequencing of tick pools collected from six different sampling sites revealed the presence of viruses belonging to many different viral orders and families, including Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Partitiviridae, and Reoviridae. Of particular interest was the detection of several new reoviruses, two of which cluster together with members of the genus Coltivirus. This includes a new strain of Eyach virus, a known causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. All genome segments of this new strain are highly similar to those of previously published Eyach virus genomes, except for the fourth segment, encoding VP4, which is markedly more dissimilar, potentially indicating the occurrence of a genetic reassortment. Further polymerase chain reaction–based screening of over 230 tick pools for 14 selected viruses showed that most viruses could be found in all six sampling sites, indicating the wide spread of these viruses throughout the Belgian tick population. Taken together, these results illustrate the role of ticks as important virus reservoirs, highlighting the need for adequate tick control measures.
Gut Microbiota in Mexican Children With Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Toro Monjaraz Erick Manuel , Ignorosa Arellano Karen Rubí , Loredo Mayer Alejandro , Palacios-González Berenice , Cervantes Bustamante Roberto , Ramírez Mayans Jaime Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. This study aimed to identify the main pathogens associated with acute diarrhea and to describe changes in gut microbiota in Mexican children.

Methods:
This single-center observational study included 30 children (6 months to 5 years old) with acute diarrhea who were referred to the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría of Mexico City and 15 healthy volunteers (control group). Stool samples at day 0 (D0) and day 15 (D15) were collected for identification of microorganisms (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses with xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen panel multiplex assay) and microbiota analysis (16S gene amplification sequencing). Prescription decisions were made by the treating clinician.

Results:
The main pathogens identified were norovirus and Campylobacter jejuni (20% each). The majority of patients (n = 24) were prescribed Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 for treatment of acute diarrhea. Diarrheic episodes resolved within 1 week of treatment. Compared with D15 and control samples, D0 samples showed significantly lower alpha diversity and a clear shift in overall composition (beta diversity). Alpha diversity was significantly increased in S. boulardii-treated group between D0 and D15 to a level similar to that of control group.

Conclusions:
In these children, acute diarrhea was accompanied by significant alterations in gut microbiota. S. boulardii CNCM I-745 treatment may facilitate gut microbiota restoration in children with acute diarrhea, mostly through improvements in alpha diversity.