bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengampunan Pidana dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan, Kepastian, dan Kemanfaatan
Authors: A.Rachmat Wirawan  , Avelyn Pingkan Komuna  
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan perspektif dari penyelenggaraan sistem hukum pidana Indonesia saat ini. Bagaimana keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan merupakan satu wujud utuh dari tujuan hukum pidana itu sendiri. Bukan hanya dari perspektif korban, juga harus diperhatikan dari perspektif terdakwa. Namun realita penyelenggaraan sistem hukum pidana, lebih menitik beratkan pada konsep keadilan dan kepastian. Seolah mengenyampingkan asas kemanfaatan dari tujuan hukum yang sudah lama terpatri. Hasilnya banyak pihak tidak merasakan wujud dari keadilan yang sejati. Keadilan adalah ketika perkara putus dipengadilan menjadi sebuah doktrinisasi. Penyelenggaraan norma yang cenderung postivis menggiring opini bahwa penegakan hukum hanya sekedar corong dari undang-undang. Penyelesaian perkara hanya dipandang dalam dimensi "adil dan pasti". "Adil" dengan penjatuhan sanksi sedang "pasti" dengan putusan hakim pengadilan yang sifatnya mengikat. Sedang asas manfaat belum menemukan wujudnya yang hakiki. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan transformasi dari sistem hukum pidana saat ini. Penerapan sistem hukum yang tidak hanya bertumpuh pada adil dan pasti juga memperoleh manfaat bagi para pihak. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan normative konseptual yang melakukan perbandingan hukum dengan berbagai kajian hukum dan contoh kasus terkait. Dengan hasil yang ingin dicapai adalah terwujudnya keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan secara utuh dengan asas pengampunan pidana.
TAVR in Cancer Patients: Comprehensive Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Monlezun Dominique J. , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Grines Cindy , Herrmann Joerg , Toutouzas Konstantinos Pavlos , Ates Ismail , Iliescu Cezar 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: This study sought to systematically analyze the available clinical evidence on TAVR therapy in cancer patients with symptomatic severe AS.Background: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the world. TAVR has expanded the treatment options for this lethal disease process. The safety and efficacy of TAVR in cancer patients has not yet been reliably established. We thus conducted the largest known multi-center meta-analysis on TAVR and cancer status.Methods: We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2015 to 2020. Studies that compared the use of TAVR in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and cancer against patients without cancer were included. Meta-regression was also conducted to determine if common clinical factors modified the possible association between cancer status and TAVR mortality.Results: Five studies with 11,129 patients in the cancer group and 41,706 patients in the control group met inclusion criteria. The short-term mortality in the cancer group was 2.4% compared with 3.3% in the control group (odds ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.82; p &lt; 0.0001). The frequency of stroke was 2.4% compared with 2.7% (odds ratio of 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.99; p &lt; 0.04). The frequency of AKI was 14.2% in cancer patients vs. 16.4% (odds ratio of 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.85; p &lt; 0.04). The rates of bleeding and need for new pacemaker implantation were not significantly different. Meta-regression demonstrated there was no significant association modifying.Conclusions: On the basis of the results of this meta-analysis TAVR may be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with cancer and symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Larger, longer, and randomized trials are required to adequately test this above hypothesis.
Deep Dehydration as a Plausible Mechanism of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk Deep-Focus Earthquake
Authors: Zhang Hao , van der Lee Suzan , Bina Craig R. , Ge Zengxi 
Published: August 2021

The rupture mechanisms of deep-focus (&gt;300 km) earthquakes in subducting slabs of oceanic lithosphere are not well understood and different from brittle failure associated with shallow (&lt;70 km) earthquakes. Here, we argue that dehydration embrittlement, often invoked as a mechanism for intermediate-depth earthquakes, is a plausible alternative model for this deep earthquake. Our argument is based upon the orientation and size of the plane that ruptured during the deep, 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake, its rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, as well as diverse evidence of water subducting as deep as the transition zone and below. The rupture process of this earthquake has been inferred from back-projecting dual-band seismograms recorded at hundreds of seismic stations in North America and Europe, as well as by fittingP-wave trains recorded at dozens of globally distributed stations. If our inferences are correct, the entirety of the subducting Pacific lithosphere cannot be completely dry at deep, transition-zone depths, and other deep-focus earthquakes may also be associated with deep dehydration reactions.
Responses of Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy (Solanaceae) Growing in the Mediterranean Area to Changes in the Environmental Conditions: An Approach of Adaptation
Authors: Moussaoui Abdelfattah El , Bourhia Mohammed , Jawhari Fatima Zahra , Khalis Hind , Chedadi Mohamed , Agour Abdelkrim , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Alzahrani Abdulhakeem , Alyahya Heba Khalil , Alotaibi Asdaf , Bousta Dalila , Bari Amina 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundFlora growth is always influenced by the environmental conditions that surround the plant.The Objective of the StudyThe present research work was undertaken to study the response of Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy to changes in the environmental conditions by investigating topographical, climatological, morphological, histological, and phytochemical aspects influencing the plant’s growth.Materials and MethodsThe topography of the study area was described using the Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The bioclimatic study was carried out using a climatological database (TerraClimate) used for an old period 1960–1970 (OP) and a new period 2000–2019 (NP). The histological study on stems, leaves, and roots was investigated according to protocols as described in the present study. The phytochemical analysis was assessed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrophotometer after silylation.ResultsThe topographical study showed that the selected stations varied in terms of topographical characteristics. The average annual precipitation recorded for the study area was 624 mm/year, and the thermal amplitude was around 34.64°C. The morphometrical study revealed that the plant had changes in length and width from one zone to another. The histometrical study of organs showed changes in tissue structure over time and location. The phytochemical content in the studied plants was also found to vary over time and location.ConclusionBased on the obtained results, we could confirm that W. frutescens has developed alternate strategies to mitigate increasingly harsh environmental conditions.
Significant Gene Biomarker Tyrosine Kinase Non-receptor 2 Mediated Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Colon Cancer
Authors: Ling Sunkai , He Yanru , Li Xiaoxue , Ma Yu , Li Yuan , Kong Bo , Huang Peilin 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological functions of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer.Materials and methods: The expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer tissues was analyzed using data deposited on public databases including UALCAN and ONCOMINE. We verified their expression in colon cancer cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blotting. By regulating the expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer cells, their functions and potential mechanisms were explored.Results:TNK2 was overexpressed in colon cancer cell lines, and it was found to directly bind to miR-125a-3p, which was downregulated in these cell lines. Their expression affected the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells. Additionally, colon cancer patients with lower TNK2 expression had better prognoses than those with higher TNK2 expression.Conclusion: Our results indicated that TNK2 and miR-125a-3p play critical roles in colon cancer, and could also serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this malignant disease.
Specific Features of the Coagulopathy Signature in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Blot Mathieu , de Maistre Emmanuel , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Nguyen Maxime , Bouhemad Belaid , Charles Pierre-Emmanuel , Binquet Christine , Piroth Lionel 
Published: August 2021

Rationale: COVID-19 displays distinct characteristics that suggest a unique pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to compare biomarkers of coagulopathy and outcomes in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia.Methods: Thirty-six non-COVID-19 and 27 COVID-19 non-immunocompromised patients with severe pneumonia were prospectively enrolled, most requiring intensive care. Clinical and biological characteristics (including plasma biomarkers of coagulopathy) were compared.Results: At similar baseline severity, COVID-19 patients required mechanical ventilation (MV) for significantly longer than non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.0049) and more frequently developed venous thrombotic complications (p = 0.031). COVID-19 patients had significantly higher plasma concentrations of soluble VCAM1 (sVCAM1) (5,739 ± 3,293 vs. 3,700 ± 2,124 ng/ml; p = 0.009), but lower levels of D-dimers, vWF-A2, sICAM1, sTREM1, VEGF, and P-selectin, compared to non-COVID-19 patients. Principal component analysis identified two main patterns, with a clear distinction between non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that sVCAM1 rising levels were independently associated with a longer duration of MV. Finally, we identified close correlations between sVCAM1 and some features of COVID-19 immune dysregulation (ie. CXCL10, GM-CSF, and IL-10).Conclusion: We identified specific features of the coagulopathy signature in severe COVID-19 patients, with higher plasma sVCAM1 levels, that were independently associated with the longer duration of mechanical ventilation.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03505281.
External Validation of aMAP Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Score in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis Receiving ETV or TDF Therapy
Authors: Gui Honglian , Huang Yan , Zhao Gangde , Chen Lichang , Cai Wei , Wang Hui , Guo Qing , Xie Qing 
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: A prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in patients with chronic liver diseases, based on age, male sex, albumin-bilirubin, and platelets (aMAP), has been previously reported. We validated the aMAP score and compared its performance to those of other risk scores in an independent at-risk cohort.Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B-related compensated cirrhosis who received entecavir or tenofovir monotherapy for at least 12 months were enrolled in this study. The performances of the aMAP and other HCC risk scores were assessed using Harrell's c-index, and predefined cut-off values were evaluated using survival analysis.Results: Of the 1,042 patients, 131 (12.6%) developed HCC during a median follow-up of 41 months. The aMAP score provided the highest Harrell's c-index (0.724), followed by CAMD (0.719), mPAGE-B (0.719), and PAGE-B (0.695). The 5-year cumulative HCC probabilities were 2.9% for patients with a low aMAP score (&lt;50), 11.2% for patients with an intermediate aMAP score (50–60), and 27.9% for patients with a high aMAP score (&gt;60). Using both aMAP and mPAGE-B, 11.6% of patients were identified as low risk with a negative predictive value of 98.2% for not developing HCC within 5 years. Patients with aMAP &gt;60 and diabetes exhibited an extremely high risk of HCC, with a cumulative incidence of 49.3% at 5 years. The predictive performance of aMAP with a reassessment at 1 year after the initiation of antiviral therapy outperformed the predictive performance of aMAP at enrollment.Conclusions: The aMAP score accurately predicted the risk of HCC in at-risk patients with compensated cirrhosis undergoing antiviral therapy. A combination of the aMAP score and diabetes status could further stratify the risk of HCC.
Risk Stratification Tool for Ischemic Stroke: A Risk Assessment Model Based on Traditional Risk Factors Combined With White Matter Lesions and Retinal Vascular Caliber
Authors: Zhao Lu , Jiang Bin , Li Hongyang , Yang Xiufen , Cheng Xiaoyue , Hong Hui , Wang Yanling 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aims to establish a risk assessment model based on traditional risk factors combined with the Fazekas classification of white matter lesions and retinal vascular caliber for screening the patients at high risk of ischemic stroke.Methods: This study included 296 patients (128 cases of ischemic stroke and 168 cases in the normal control group). The basic data of the patients were collected. Color fundus photography was performed after pupil dilation, and the retinal vascular caliber was measured using semiautomated vascular measurement software (IVAN Software, Sydney, Australia). The severity of white matter lesions (WML) on cranial nuclear magnetic fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were assessed using the Fazekas scale. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was used to establish different risk assessment models for ischemic stroke. The effects of models were evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Delong test compared area under the curve.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of models 1 (the traditional risk factor model), 2 (the retinal vascular caliber model), 3 (the WML model), and 4 (the combined the traditional risk factor, WML and central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) model) were 71 and 55%, 48 and 71%, 49 and 67%, and 68 and 68.5% with areas under the curve of 0.658, 0.586, 0.601, and 0.708, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in models 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed statistically significant differences. Moreover, no statistical significance exists in the pairwise comparison of other models.Conclusion: The risk assessment model of ischemic stroke combined with Fazekas grade of WML and CRAE is superior to the traditional risk factor and the single-index model. This model is helpful for risk stratification of high-risk stroke patients.
Combining Clinicopathological Parameters and Molecular Indicators to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrioid Type Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Peng , Huang Yuzhen , Tu Yuan , Li Ning , Kong Wei , Di Feiyao , Jiang Shan , Zhang Jingni , Yi Qianlin , Yuan Rui 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical unfavorable prognostic factor in endometrial cancer (EC). At present, models involving molecular indicators that accurately predict LNM are still uncommon. We addressed this gap by developing nomograms to individualize the risk of LNM in EC and to identify a low-risk group for LNM.MethodsIn all, 776 patients who underwent comprehensive surgical staging with pelvic lymphadenectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were divided into a training cohort (used for building the model) and a validation cohort (used for validating the model) according to a predefined ratio of 7:3. Logistics regression analysis was used in the training cohort to screen out predictors related to LNM, after which a nomogram was developed to predict LNM in patients with EC. A calibration curve and consistency index (C-index) were used to estimate the performance of the model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index were used to determine the optimal threshold of the risk probability of LNM predicted by the model proposed in this study. Then, the prediction performance of different models and their discrimination abilities for identifying low-risk patients were compared.ResultLNM occurred in 87 and 42 patients in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that histological grade (P=0.022), myometrial invasion (P=0.002), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (P=0.001), serum CA125 (P=0.008), Ki67 (P=0.012), estrogen receptor (ER) (0.009), and P53 (P=0.003) were associated with LNM; a nomogram was then successfully established on this basis. The internal and external calibration curves showed that the model fits well, and the C-index showed that the prediction accuracy of the model proposed in this study was better than that of the other models (the C-index of the training and validation cohorts was 0.90 and 0.91, respectively). The optimal threshold of the risk probability of LNM predicted by the model was 0.18. Based on this threshold, the model showed good discrimination for identifying low-risk patients.ConclusionCombining molecular indicators based on classical clinical parameters can predict LNM of patients with EC more accurately. The nomogram proposed in this study showed good discrimination for identifying low-risk patients with LNM.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of a Plasma Exosomal miRNAs Panel for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Li Xuan , Wei Shuchun , Peng Lei , Sang Huaiming , Jin Duochen , Chen Meihong , Dang Yini , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: August 2021

PurposeGastric cancer (GC) is often difficult to diagnose early in the disease and remains one of the most frequently occurring malignancies. This investigation looks at the diagnostic potential of a specific plasma exosomal miRNAs panel for GC.MethodsThis study analyzed 216 individual peripheral blood samples. 2 GEO datasets were analyzed and two miRNAs were selected - plasma exosomal miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT–PCR) was used to assess relative expressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic efficiency of miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p panel. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the prognostic value of plasma exosomal miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p.ResultsGC patients possessed notably raised plasma levels of exosomal miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p. The area under ROC curves (AUCs) of miR-195-5p, miR-211-5p were 0.745, 0.798 in the screening phase and 0.762, 0.798 in the training stage respectively. GC was able to be diagnosed more accurately when both miRNAs were interpreted together (AUC=0.820 in the validation stage). Poorer prognosis was observed in GC patients who had plasma exosomal miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p of higher levels. In vitro experiments also confirmed that miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p is able to be transmitted between cells, and works to enhance tumor invasion, migration and proliferation while inhibiting cell apoptosis.ConclusionPlasma exosomal miR-195-5p and miR-211-5p may become potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis, and may be useful in predicting tumor phenotype.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Gastrointestinal MiNENs
Authors: Yeo Min-Kyung , Yoon Nara , Bae Go Eun 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundA mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a recently defined entity that comprises a neuroendocrine tumor (NEN) component and a non-neuroendocrine tumor (nNEN) component. As MiNEN is a recently defined entity, its molecular nature is not well known. Here, we evaluated the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) MiNENs.MethodsWe performed a genomic analysis of 31 samples from 12 GI MiNEN cases using next-generation sequencing. We examined the primary NEN and nNEN components, as well as the metastatic NENs and nNENs. The relationships between the clinical tumor features (component, location, and grade) and their molecular characteristics were examined.ResultsThe 12 MiNENs included in the study were found in the stomach (n=10), distal rectum (n=1), and anus (n=1). Primary MiNENs that had NENs as the major component showed a worse clinical outcome than those that had nNENs as the major component. All distant metastatic tumors originating from MiNENs were NENs. In addition, NENs generally carried 1.5 times more gene mutations and copy number variations than nNENs. The ATRX gene deletion and TP53 gene mutation were the most common variants in both components of GI MiNENs.ConclusionsWe have revealed the detailed clinicopathologic and molecular findings with distinguishable alterations of GI MiNENs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the ATRX gene deletion in GI MiNENs. The molecular characteristics of GI MiNENs could provide clues to the pathogenic origin and progression of GI MiNENs.
Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention
Authors: Altokhais Tariq 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Foreign body ingestion is common in children, and most foreign bodies pass spontaneously without causing serious injuries. Ingestion of multiple high-power magnet pieces is unique and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The longer the duration of ingestion, the increased likelihood of complications. Various management options have been reported, and there is no consensus on the ideal management which necessitates the need for a practical algorithm. The incidence of magnet ingestion has been increasing and directly related to the laws and recalls. The aim of this review is to provide an easy and practical pathway for management and to highlight the preventive rules of the legislations and recalls.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the list of references from all identified complete publications were searched for all publications in English-language for pediatric magnet ingestion.Conclusion: Practical and time-saving management pathways are recommended to minimize the risk of complications. Preventive rules and recalls are important for eliminating the availability of these hazardous magnets. Public awareness about the unique risks posed by these magnets if ingested is important.