bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of storability and seasonal changes on new flavonoids, polyphenolic acids and terepene compounds of Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) cv. shamber through advance methods
Authors: Ahmed Wassem , Azmat Rafa , Mehmood Ayaz , Ahmed Rasheed , Liaquat M. , Khan Sami Ullah , Qayyum Abdul , Khan Shah Masauad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe significance of grapefruit is laying in its unique medicinal values and health related compounds. This article discusses the influence of seasonal variations and storage periods on the synthesis and accumulation of new polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, flavonoids and sugars profiling of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) cv. shamber juice were evaluated under advance techniques. The individual sugar profiling of (total sugar, fructose, glucose and sucrose) individual phenolic acids and essential groups of terpene compounds measured at five harvesting times, from early to late stages and compare to storage days of (0, 15, 30, 35, 45 and 65). The higher contents of flavonoids were obtained in December harvested fruits while in comparison the 45 and 65 days the contents were reduced however in others days the contents were maintained the higher contents of Limonene, Quercetin, Perillyl alcohol and Monoterpenes were measured in December harvested fruits the 35 day of storage periods showed the constant contents of terpenes and little reduction of terepene at 45 and 65 days of storage. It may conclude that the mid date was best for good health fruits while the all of these compounds were present in higher amount at 35 day of storage.
Mehr machen mit weniger — Intensivierung von Ganzzell-Bioprozessen
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Ulber Roland , Holtmann Dirk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn chemical process engineering, process intensification (PI) has proven itself as a method that resulted very often in processes with an at least doubled process performance. In recent years, the PI techniques have found more and more applications in biotechnology. Exemplary continuous processes, single-use reactors, electrobiotechnology and hybrid techniques are discussed here.
DNA-Replikationsstress, Mitose und genomische Instabilität
Authors: Konrath Alicia , Schmidt Ann-Kathrin , Bastians Holger 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. While structural CIN (S-CIN) leads to structural chromosome aberrations, whole chromosome instability (W-CIN) is defined by perpetual gains or losses of chromosomes during mitosis causing aneuploidy. Mitotic defects, but also abnormal DNA replication (replication stress) can lead to W-CIN. However, the functional link between replication stress, mitosis and aneuploidy is little understood.
Mit Einzelzell-Genomik die Entscheidungen von Zellen verfolgen
Authors: Hu Bo , Junker Jan Philipp 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring embryonic development, cells need to take a series of successive fate decisions in order to reach their final differentiated stage. Understanding the processes that give rise to the multitude of different cell types in an organism is a major question in developmental biology. New methods in single cell genomics enable researchers to decipher the transcriptional programs and gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie cell fate decisions during embryonic development.
Den molekularen Wirtszellveränderungen durch SARS-CoV-2 auf der Spur
Authors: Klann Kevin , Münch Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUpon infection with SARS-CoV-2, a variety of changes happen inside the host cell. The virus hijacks host cell pathways for driving its own replication, while the host counteracts with response mechanisms. To gain a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and develop therapeutic strategies, it is crucial to observe these systematic changes in their entirety. In our recent studies, we followed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human proteome, which led to the identification of several drugs that abolished viral proliferation in cells.
Clay Analysis of Upper Assam Basin for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Hazarika Kalpajit , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The success and failure of different chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) techniques can control to a large extent by the presence of different types of clay, its surface area and the reactivity of the clay with the injected chemicals during CEOR techniques. Therefore, reservoir clay analysis is important to study the CEOR process in general and to formulate the CEOR slug in particular. This study pertains to the underground porous media of upper Assam basin. In this paper effective porosity, absolute permeability, minerals and clays present in porous media is studied. Effective porosities were determined to estimate the total pore volume and more importantly the connecting pores and the throat volumes. The absolute permeability are exclusively the properties of the porous media, which determines the ease of flow of fluid through the porous media. Rock petrography study was done by examining the thin sections under optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). From these studies the mineral and clay content of the reservoir was characterized, which helps to study the feasibility of a CEOR in upper Assam basin. This petrography study provides two and three dimensional accurate description of minerals of reservoir rock and clay particles. The porous media is a sandstone with high porosity and low absolute permeability. The clays present are smectite, kaolinite and illite with a dominance of smectite and kaolinite, conforming to the swelling and disintegration.
Morphometric Analysis of Parvati Basin, NW Himalaya: A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Approach
Authors: Khan Imran , Bali Rameshwar , Agarwal K.K. , Kumar Dhirendra , Singh Saurabh K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Morphometry is a quantitative approach of analysing linear, areal and relief parameters to understand the role of neotectonic activity in geomorphologic evolution of a river basin. In the present study multi-disciplinary integrated approach using morphometric parameters along with remote sensing and GIS technique have been applied for determining the quantitative parameters indicative of neotectonic activity in the Parvati basin, Higher Himalaya. The lineament pattern observed in the basin shows major trend in NE-SW followed by NW-SE and NNE-SSW directions. The basin is a 6th order drainage basin with dominating dendratic – trellis drainage pattern having very strong structural/tectonic control and is in its late youth stage of geomorphic development. Parvati basin shows coarse drainage density with fine texture suggesting more surface runoff and less infiltration in the area. The basin is highly elongated in shape tapering towards the south-west with high susceptibility to erosion with lower peak flow for longer duration. The above observations clearly indicate a tectonic and lithological control over the evolution of drainage pattern of Parvati basin.
Hydrogeochemical Processes Regulating the Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Purpose in Parts of Coastal Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra
Authors: Naidu Suneetha , Gupta Gautam , Singh Rambabu , Tahama Khan , Erram Vinit C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hydrochemistry of groundwater samples from the northern part of coastal Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India, was studied with an aim to comprehend its suitability for domestic and irrigation use. Groundwater samples were collected from 66 dug wells distributed over the study area, during the month of November 2017. The results of the chemical analysis indicate that the groundwater is alkaline in nature and are mainly characterized by Ca+-Mg+2-HCO3–, Ca+-Mg+2-Cl– and Na+-Cl– facies. The molar ratios of Na+/Cl–&gt;1, both Mg2+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios &lt;1, (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/ (SO42– + HCO3–) = 1 suggest that the rock-water interaction of silicates / schistose rocks (quartz, chlorite, amphibolites, schist etc.) and ion exchange reaction are the major controlling factors of groundwater chemistry. Lower molar ratios of Cl–/ HCO3–&lt; 0.5, NO3-/Cl-&lt;0.3 observed reflect freshwater regime. Three samples which are in proximity to the Arabian Sea, deduce the effect of secondary contributions (saline water and anthropogenic sources). In order to determine the probable sources of groundwater contamination, principal component analysis was also carried out. The first three principal components with eigen value 1 or more are responsible for 71.31 %, 12.38% and 8.32% of the total variance in the data set, indicating major role of groundwater-rock interaction and marginal saltwater intrusion effect in the study area. Groundwater quality index computed for drinking purpose indicate that about 96% of the water samples lie within the permissible limits stipulated by the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards, and fall under the good to excellent category, suggesting its suitability for drinking purpose in the area. Water quality index indicates that most of the water is of excellent to good quality for irrigation, except for a few coastal samples.
Fluoride Hazard and Risk Enumeration of Hard Rock Unconfined Aquifers in the Extended Part of Chhota Nagpur Gneissic Complex
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Bhattacharjee Sumana , Chamling Meelan , Ghosh Arijit , Sengupta Nairita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fluoride (F−) is the most electronegative and reactive micro nutrient and has no colour, taste and smell. WHO (1984) has set a range of 0.6 – 1.2 mg/l in drinking water. It is very essential element for strong teeth and bones in human being but beyond permissible limit, it is very harmful for human health. A field based scientific study was conducted in the year 2017 and 2018 in the district of Purulia, an extended part of Chhota Nagpur gneissic complex of North Singbhum craton. A total of 619 water samples were collected from various affected and non-affected villages and the important parameters like pH and Fe were tested within 24 hours in the laboratory. Around 1513 households with 4348 male and 3456 female from 320 villages spread over 20 blocks have been extensively surveyed, applying stratified random and quota sampling techniques. Furthermore, Likert method is applied to understand the scenario of vulnerability along with application of remote sensing and GIS techniques to prepare the digital maps. Besides, empirical equations are also computed to determine the magnitude of fluoride hazard, vulnerability and risk. The fluoride risk study (R=H+V) reveals that Puncha and Purulia II are the very high and high fluoride risk prone zone out of 20 blocks of Purulia district. Although the Singbhum craton is moderately fluoride hazard region but due to large degree of vulnerability in the recent years it has drastically changed into a high or very high fluoride risk category.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Becium grandiflorum for antimicrobial activity and adsorption of methylene blue
Authors: Kahsay Mebrahtu Hagos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanotechnology is a recent field of modern research dealing with synthesis, strategy and manipulation of particle’s structure in size range of 1–100 nm. This study introduces one of the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, i.e., green synthesis of ZnO NPs using aqueous leaf extract of Becium grandiflorum (AM: ‘Yedegamentisie’). The biomolecules of the plant extract (such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins and alkaloids) were used as capping and reducing agent during synthesis of ZnO NPs. Response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to optimize the synthesis of ZnO NPs and adsorption studies of the as-synthesized ZnO NPs. Then, ZnO NPs was characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic instruments such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and SEM–EDS to consider its purity, shape and crystallinity. UV–Vis analysis showed peaks in the range 305–312 nm due to synthesis of ZnO NPs. FTIR analysis showed the availability of different phytochemicals in the plant extract and synthesis of ZnO NPs at 490 cm−1. Powder XRD patterns confirmed formation of phase pure wurtzite structures of ZnO NPs. The synthesized ZnO NPs were used to remove MB dye from aqueous solution by acting as a photocatalyst and adsorbent as well as, it also showed antimicrobial activity against two gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus) and three gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria.
Diagnosing Cross‐Scale Kinetic Energy Exchanges From Two Submesoscale Permitting Ocean Models
Authors: Ajayi Adekunle , Le Sommer Julien , Chassignet Eric P. , Molines Jean‐Marc , Xu Xiaobiao , Albert Aurelie , Dewar William 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFine‐scale motions (<100 km) contribute significantly to the exchanges and dissipation of kinetic energy in the upper ocean. However, knowledge of ocean kinetic energy at fine‐scales (in terms of density and transfers) is currently limited due to the lack of sufficient observational data sets at these scales. The sea‐surface height measurements of the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) altimeter mission should provide information on kinetic energy exchanges in the upper ocean down to 10–15 km. Numerical ocean models, able to describe ocean dynamics down to ∼10 km, have been developed in anticipation of the SWOT mission. In this study, we use two state‐of‐the‐art, realistic, North Atlantic simulations, with horizontal resolutions ∼1.5 km, to investigate the distribution and exchanges of kinetic energy at fine‐scales in the open ocean. Our results show that the distribution of kinetic energy at fine‐scales approximately follows the predictions of quasigeostrophic dynamics in summertime but is somewhat consistent with submesoscale fronts‐dominated regimes in wintertime. The kinetic energy spectral fluxes are found to exhibit both inverse and forward cascade over the top 1,000 m, with a maximum inverse cascade close to the average energy‐containing scale. The forward cascade is confined to the ocean surface and shows a strong seasonality, both in magnitude and range of scales affected. Our analysis further indicates that high‐frequency motions (<1 day) play a key role in the forward cascade and that the estimates of the spectral fluxes based on geostrophic velocities fail to capture some quantitative aspects of kinetic energy exchanges across scales.
Comments on “Poststorm Thermospheric NO Overcooling?” by Mikhailov and Perrone (2020)
Authors: Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan G. , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Dang Tong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently Mikhailov and Perrone (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027122) proposed the mechanism of neutral atomic oxygen reduction, which is associated with the upper atmospheric circulation, to explain the reduction of total thermospheric mass density during the storm recovery phase. The authors further concluded arbitrarily that there is no need to introduce the storm‐time overcooling concept. However, their methodology is fundamentally flawed and their results and conclusions are incorrect. Instead, the overcooling scenario remains a viable concept in understanding thermospheric variations in the storm recovery phase.
Nitric Oxide Ion Density Profiles in Earth's Nightside High‐Latitude E and F Region Ionosphere
Authors: Ferdi Mohammed A. , Djebli Mourad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransport effects on nitric oxide (NO) ion density, NO+, in the presence of suprathermal electrons in the nighttime high‐latitude E and F regions of Earth's ionosphere are investigated numerically. Our model includes ion drift induced by neutral winds for the NO+. Ionization rates are obtained using a numerical Boltzmann equation solver for electron transport. Ions densities are obtained from the IRI2016 model while horizontal winds are based on observations. It is found that the altitudes where our modeled peak NO+ densities occur are in good agreement with observations. By including the radiative transfer model, local minima in NO+ density (troughs) are found to be sensitive to electron impact considered previously in chemical models.
The Contribution of Currents, Sea‐Swell Waves, and Infragravity Waves to Suspended‐Sediment Transport Across a Coral Reef‐Lagoon System
Authors: Pomeroy Andrew W. M. , Storlazzi Curt D. , Rosenberger Kurt J. , Lowe Ryan J. , Hansen Jeff E. , Buckley Mark L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoral reefs generate substantial volumes of carbonate sediment, which is redistributed throughout the reef‐lagoon system. However, there is little understanding of the specific processes that transport this sediment produced on the outer portions of coral reefs throughout a reef‐lagoon system. Furthermore, the separate contributions of currents, sea‐swell waves, and infragravity waves to transport, which are all strongly influenced by the presence of a reef, is not fully understood. Here, we show that in reef‐lagoon systems most suspended sediment is transported close to the seabed and can, at times, be suspended higher in the water column during oscillatory flow transitions (i.e., near slack flow) at sea‐swell wave frequencies, and during the peak onshore oscillatory velocity phase at infragravity wave frequencies. While these wave frequencies contribute to the transport of suspended sediment offshore and onshore, respectively, the net flux is small. Mean currents are the primary transport mechanism and responsible for almost 2 orders of magnitude more suspended‐sediment flux than sea‐swell and infragravity waves. Whilst waves may not be the primary mechanism for the transport of sediment, our results suggest they are an important driver of sediment suspension from the seabed, as well as contributing to the partitioning of sediment grain sizes from the reef to the shoreline. As the ocean wave climate changes, sea level rises, and the composition of reef benthic communities change, the relative importance of mean currents, sea‐swell waves, and infragravity waves is likely to change, and this will affect how sediment is redistributed throughout reef‐lagoon systems.
Role of Extratropical Wintertime Cyclones in Regulating the Variations of Baffin Bay Sea Ice Export
Authors: Liang Yu , Bi Haibo , Wang Yunhe , Huang Haijun , Zhang Zehua , Huang Jue , Liu Yanxia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA cyclone is an intensive synoptic activity that occurs frequently over Baffin Bay. By modifying the large‐scale distribution pattern of sea level pressure, a passing cyclone can serve as an important regulator of sea ice outflow via the Davis Strait. We obtain a nearly 40‐year‐long record (1979/1980–2017/2018) of the sea ice area flux (SIAF) through the Davis Strait and Arctic cyclone activities in winter. A case study and statistical results indicate that the sea ice concentration and motion fields can be greatly altered by the occurrence of cyclones, thereby contributing to changes in sea ice export. Moreover, the effects of cyclones on sea ice export in Baffin Bay are dependent on the spatial distribution pattern of the storms. In terms of the cyclone center count and intensity, the key regions with significant impacts on sea ice export out of Baffin Bay are identified, one around Baffin Island (80°W–60°W, 60°N–70°N) and the other over the southern Labrador Peninsula (70°W–50°W, 40°N–60°N). A robust correlation exists between the winter‐accumulated SIAF via the Davis Strait and the average winter cyclone intensity (center count) in the critical regions with R = −0.57 (+0.49), affirming the vital role of cyclone activity in modulating the interannual variability of sea ice export in Baffin Bay.
Nutrient Balance and Use Efficiency in Agricultural Lands in the Vermelho River Watershed, Upper Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Pacheco F. S. , Ometto J. P. H. B. , Gomes L. , Tôsto K. , Miranda M. , Loverde‐Oliveira S. , Pessi D. D. , Cox C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgricultural systems play a key role in achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals, established by the United Nations, given the current challenge of producing enough food to feed a global population that is expected to reach 10 billion people by 2050. More efficient and sustainable use of nutrients in agriculture is an important step to increasing production while minimizing threats to natural ecosystems and resource depletion. In this study, we developed a system nutrient balance for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to evaluate nutrient use practices in cropping and grazing systems in the Vermelho River watershed (VRW), Upper Pantanal, Brazil, and investigated options to improve N and P use efficiency (NUE and PUE). Our results show P balance in cropping systems are positive while those in grazing systems tend to be negative. The positive values in cropping systems are due to both high P inputs from mineral fertilizers and high soil P‐sorbing capacities. The negative values in grazing systems are a result of the removal of animal products without replacing the nutrients. Most of the N inputs in the crops grown in this region come from biological nitrogen fixation. The NUE in cropping systems is about 0.95, which is higher than the upper critical value of the desirable range (0.6–0.9). Given the high NUE value and the risk of soil mining, improving cropping systems NUE by adjusting the inputs to replenish N outputs and avoid soil erosion in the VRW are of considerable interest.