bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes in the Southern Sargasso Sea — observations through hydroacoustics and stratified catches
Authors: Marohn L. , Schaber M. , Freese M. , Pohlmann J. D. , Wysujack K. , Czudaj S. , Blancke T. , Hanel R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVertical distribution patterns and relative abundance of mesopelagic fish species and other major taxonomic groups were investigated through vertically stratified trawl sampling and hydroacoustic analyses along the subtropical convergence zone from 52° W to 70° W in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea. Persistent stationary layers and several migrating components of different scattering characteristics were detected. The results reveal varying vertical migration patterns, including different times of onset of diel vertical migration in different depths and a migrant pathway emerging daily from the lower deep scattering layer (DSL) at dusk and migrating through the upper DSL without affecting its composition. Fish species identification was made based on morphological characteristics and confirmed by genetic barcoding analyses of subsamples. In total, 5022 fish specimens from 27 families, 62 genera and 70 species were caught. In terms of relative abundance (A) and biomass (M), catches were dominated by species of the families Myctophidae (A=59.1%, M=47.4% of total fish catch) and Melamphaidae (A=22.5%, M=17.1%). Myctophidae and Stomiidae were the most species-rich families with 31 and 12 species, respectively. Catches at the two easternmost stations were dominated byScopelogadus mizolepisandNannobrachium cuprarium,whileBolinichthys photothoraxandCeratoscopelus warmingiiwere the most abundant species in catches from the two westernmost stations. This study provides insights into distribution and vertical migration behaviour of mesopelagic fish in the Sargasso Sea and adds to our understanding of the mesopelagic community in this large oceanic area.
pyMPEALab Toolkit for Accelerating Phase Design in Multi-principal Element Alloys
Authors: Subedi Upadesh , Kunwar Anil , Coutinho Yuri Amorim , Gyanwali Khem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulti-principal element alloys (MPEAs) occur at or nearby the centre of the multicomponent phase space, and they have the unique potential to be tailored with a blend of several desirable properties for the development of materials of future. The lack of universal phase diagrams for MPEAs has been a major challenge in the accelerated design of products with these materials. This study aims to solve this issue by employing data-driven approaches in phase prediction. A MPEA is first represented by numerical fingerprints (composition, atomic size difference , electronegativity , enthalpy of mixing , entropy of mixing , dimensionless $$\Omega$$
Ω
parameter, valence electron concentration and phase types ), and an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed upon the datasets of these numerical descriptors. A pyMPEALab GUI interface is developed on the top of this ANN model with a computational capability to associate composition features with remaining other input features. With the GUI interface, an user can predict the phase(s) of a MPEA by entering solely the information of composition. It is further explored on how the knowledge of phase(s) prediction in composition-varied $$\hbox {Al}_x$$

Al
x

CrCoFeMnNi and $$\hbox {CoCrNiNb}_x$$

CoCrNiNb
x

can help in understanding the mechanical behavior of these MPEAs.
Graphic Abstract
Announcing changes to the publishing procedures of “Biophysics and Physicobiology” (BPPB)—the Biophysical Society of Japan’s English language biophysics journal
Authors: Nakamura Haruki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis Commentary describes some upcoming changes to the submission and payment procedures to the Biophysical Society of Japan’s English language journal “Biophysics and Physicobiology” (BPPB) that will facilitate a much easier and cheaper publishing experience for all scientists—whether they be Japan-based or located internationally.
Understanding the Pathway of Cancer Information Seeking: Cancer Information Services as a Supplement to Information from Other Sources
Authors: Reifegerste Doreen , Rosset Magdalena , Czerwinski Fabian , Baumann Eva , Gaisser Andrea , Kludt Evelyn , Weg-Remers Susanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer information services (CISs) can play an important role within the pathway of cancer information seeking, but so far, this role is not well understood. Callers (n = 6,255) who contacted the largest provider of cancer information in Germany participated in a survey in which they reported their information sources, information level, and needs leading to the call. Persons with prior information from a physician (n = 1,507) were compared to people with prior online information (n = 901) and people with prior information from both sources (n = 2,776). Nearly all callers (96.7%) stated prior sources, while physicians and the Internet were the most frequently reported sources. People, who only talked to a doctor before, are more likely to be a patient and in the disease stages during/after the first treatment or with recurrence than prior Internet users. The two groups do not differ in their prior information level but did differ in their information needs. CISs are an important supplement to other sources, while the information repertoire depends on patients’ stages during the cancer journey. Specific characteristics and needs of callers with different prior information sources help to individualize the service of CISs and similar providers.
Mannich Base as an Efficient Corrosion Inhibitor of AA6061 in 0.5 M HCl: Electrochemical, Surface Morphological and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Maithili K. , Shetty Prakasha , Kumari P. Preethi , Kagatikar Sneha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe inhibition action of a Mannich base, N-(1- morpholinobenzyl) semicarbazide (MBS), was examined on AA6061 corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution at varied temperatures (303 to 323 K). The testing was performed by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The inhibition performance of MBS was improved with an increment in its concentration (0.01–2.56 mM) and temperature rise (303 to 323 K). MBS showed a mixed inhibitor behavior at all concentrations and temperatures range studied. MBS displayed the highest inhibition efficiency of 98% at 2.56 mM and 323 K. Inhibitor followed mixed adsorption on the alloy surface and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model. The results obtained from the EIS were in good agreement with that of the PDP results. An appropriate mechanism was proposed for the corrosion inhibition of AA6061. Inhibitor molecules adsorption on alloy surface was confirmed by surface morphology testing by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Theoretical studies using density-functional theory (DFT) confirmed the experimental results.
Understanding intergenerational fitness tracking practices: 12 suggestions for design
Authors: Salehzadeh Niksirat Kavous , Rahmamuliani Fitra , Ren Xiangshi , Pu Pearl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a qualitative study to explore the use of fitness trackers and their social functions in intergenerational settings. The study covered three phases of semi-structured interviews with older and younger adults during individual and intergenerational use of the fitness trackers. The study revealed comparability as common fitness practice for older adults. The findings show that intergenerational fitness tracking practices can increase in-person meetings and daily discourses and thus enhance family social bonds. An unexpected benefit of this practice is its ability to help older adults overcome technology barriers related to the use of fitness trackers. Overall speaking, families whose intergenerational members already enjoy a strong relationship are likely to gain the most from such practices. Many challenges remain especially concerning the motivation and involvement of younger partners and the user experience design aspect of such digital programs. For this purpose, we have developed some recommendations for the future development and deployment of intergenerational fitness tracking systems to stimulate interactions between younger and older family members and thus to promote their physical and emotional well-being.
Composite Biodegradable Polymeric Matrix Doped With Halloysite Nanotubes for the Repair of Bone Defects in Dogs
Authors: Naumenko Ekaterina , Zakirova Elena , Guryanov Ivan , Akhatova Farida , Sergeev Mikhail , Valeeva Anastasia , Fakhrullin Rawil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use, in veterinary practice, of a three-dimensional biopolymer matrix (based on chitosan, agarose, and gelatin and doped with halloysite nanotubes) as a vehicle for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair bone defects is reported here. The nanocomposite, combined with allogenic adipose-derived stem cells, was suitable for the repair of bone defects in dogs when paired with standard surgery involving metal Kirshner wires. The absence of inflammatory reactions to biopolymer matrices with allogenic stem cells was revealed in the case of an animal prone to inflammatory and allergic reactions. In addition, positive dynamics in the fusion of chronic bone defects without rejection reactions was observed after using a biopolymer matrix with MSCs.
Numerical investigations of 2-D planar magnetic nozzle effects on pulsed plasma plumes
Authors: Burch J. D. , Han D. , Averkin S. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a study of a novel type of magnetic nozzle that allows for three-dimensional (3-D) steering of a plasma plume. Numerical simulations were performed using Tech-X’s USim® software to quantify the nozzle’s capabilities. A 2-D planar magnetic nozzle was applied to plumes of a nominal pulsed inductive plasma (PIP) source with discharge parameters similar to those of Missouri S&T’s Missouri Plasmoid Experiment (MPX). Argon and xenon plumes were considered. Simulations were verified and validated through a mesh convergence study as well as comparison with available experimental data. Periodicity was achieved over the simulation run time and phase angle samples were taken to examine plume evolution over pulse cycles. The resulting pressure, velocity, and density fields were analysed for nozzle angles from 0° to 14°. It was found that actual plume divergence was small compared to the nozzle angle. Even with an offset angle of 14° for the magnetic nozzle, the plume vector angle was only about 2° for argon and less than 1° for xenon. The parameters that had the most effect on the vectoring angle were found to be the coil current and inlet velocity.
Late Ediacaran occurrences of the organic-walled microfossilsGranomarginataand flask-shapedLagoenaforma collarisgen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Agić Heda , Högström Anette E.S. , Jensen Sören , Ebbestad Jan Ove R. , Vickers-Rich Patricia , Hall Michael , Matthews Jack J. , Meinhold Guido , Høyberget Magne , Taylor Wendy L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew occurrences of flask-shaped and envelope-bearing microfossils, including the predominantly Cambrian taxonGranomarginata, are reported from new localities, as well as from earlier in time (Ediacaran) than previously known. The stratigraphic range ofGranomarginataextends into the Cambrian System, where it had a cosmopolitan distribution. This newly reported Ediacaran record includes areas from Norway (Baltica), Newfoundland (Avalonia) and Namibia (adjacent to the Kalahari Craton), and puts the oldest global occurrence ofGranomarginatain the Indreelva Member (< 563 Ma) of the Stáhpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway. AlthoughGranomarginatais rare within the assemblage, these new occurrences together with previously reported occurrences from India and Poland, suggest a potentially widespread palaeogeographic distribution ofGranomarginatathrough the middle–late Ediacaran interval. A new flask-shaped microfossilLagoenaforma collarisgen. et sp. nov. is also reported in horizons containingGranomarginatafrom the Stáhpogieddi Formation in Norway and the Dabis Formation in Namibia, and flask-shaped fossils are also found in the Gibbett Hill Formation in Newfoundland. TheGranomarginata–Lagoenaformaassociation, in addition to a low-diversity organic-walled microfossil assemblage, occurs in the strata postdating the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, and may eventually be of use in terminal Ediacaran biostratigraphy. These older occurrences ofGranomarginataadd to a growing record of body fossil taxa spanning the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary.
‘We're happy as we are’: the experience of living with possible undiagnosed dementia
Authors: Henley Josie , Hillman Alexandra , Jones Ian Rees , Woods Bob , MacLeod Catherine Anne , Pentecost Claire , Clare Linda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is estimated that a third of people in the United Kingdom with signs of dementia are living without a formal diagnosis. In Wales, the proportion is nearly half. Some explanations for the gap between prevalence of dementia and number of diagnoses include living with a long-term partner/spouse and systemic barriers to diagnosis. This study recruited participants from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies-Wales (CFAS-Wales) cohort, randomly selected from people aged over 65 living in two areas of Wales, who met study criteria for a diagnosis of dementia and did not have a record of a formal diagnosis in general practice records. We aimed to understand more about the contexts and circumstances of people who live with and cope with cognitive difficulties without having a formal diagnosis of dementia. We conducted qualitative interviews with six participants and their spouses, and additionally with four family members of three invited people who were unable to take part. Themes were generated using thematic analysis. We present the argument that there is an adaptive response to low service levels and a complex interaction between the expectations of levels of service, perceptions of the legitimacy of cognitive problems and the right to make demands on services. This paper concludes that more could be done to address barriers to diagnosis and treatment services for those living with symptoms of dementia, but that the value placed on diagnosis by some individuals might be lower than anticipated by government policy.
First Session
Authors: Oort J. H. 
Published: November 2021

1. Official opening. The President spoke a few words of welcome to the Members of the Union, invited participants and their guests, and formally declared open the first session of the eleventh General Assembly of the Union.2. Official interpreters. The General Secretary asked the General Assembly to approve of the appointment of the following six official interpreters:from English to French: L. Houziaux and J.-C. Peckerfrom French to English: D. S. Evans and S. D. Gossnerfrom Russian to English: A. G. Massevitchfrom Russian to French: P. G. KulikovskyThis was unanimously approved.
Spectrographic Observations of Visual Binaries
Authors: Petrie R. M. , Batten A. H. 
Published: November 2021

At its Liège meeting, in July 1963, the Executive Committee of the Union voted to hold this Joint Discussion as a small homage to the memory of Professor Struve. I do not need to stress why the subject of ‘Close Binaries’ was chosen as we all know that it was closer to Professor Struve’s heart than any of the other ones in which he divided his broad astronomical interest.Mrs Mary Struve has written to me the kind letter I am going to read, a letter which summarizes so clearly how much Professor Struve would have appreciated this kind of homage.
Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the TTN gene causing Salih myopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy in an Iranian family
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Mohsen-Pour Neda , Maleki Majid , Hesami Mahshid , Naderi Niloofar , Houshmand Golnaz , Rasouli Jazi Hamid R. , Shahzadi Hossein , Kalayinia Samira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Salih myopathy, characterised by both congenital myopathy and fatal dilated cardiomyopathy, is an inherited muscle disorder that affects skeletal and cardiac muscles. TTN has been identified as the main cause of this myopathy, the enormous size of this gene poses a formidable challenge to molecular genetic diagnostics.Method:In the present study, whole-exome sequencing, cardiac MRI, and metabolic parameter assessment were performed to investigate the genetic causes of Salih myopathy in a consanguineous Iranian family who presented with titinopathy involving both skeletal and heart muscles in an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.Results:Two missense variants of TTN gene (NM_001267550.2), namely c.61280A>C (p. Gln20427Pro) and c.54970G>A (p. Gly18324Ser), were detected and segregations were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based Sanger sequencing.Conclusions:The compound heterozygous variants, c.61280A>C, (p. Gln20427Pro) and c.54970G>A, (p. Gly18324Ser) in the TTN gene appear to be the cause of Salih myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy in the family presented. Whole-exome sequencing is an effective molecular diagnostic tool to identify the causative genetic variants of large genes such as TTN.
Open access renewable resources, urban unemployment, and the resolution of dual institutional failures
Authors: Daitoh Ichiroh , Tarui Nori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates how poverty reduction and natural resource preservation can be simultaneously achieved in a small open dual economy with urban wage rigidity, open access rural resources, and rural-urban migration. An increase in the export tax rate on the rural resource good increases urban unemployment in both the short run and the long run with resource dynamics. Given the institutional failures, the first-best policy is an urban wage subsidy combined with either a rural wage subsidy at alowerrate or, if the urban output price is sufficiently high, a ruraltax. When the institutional failures can be resolved endogenously, an increase in the export tax on the resource good can induce rural institutional change away from open access. However, tariff protection of urban manufacturing hinders such a rural institutional change.
Atom Probe Tomography for Isotopic Analysis: Development of the 34S/32S System in Sulfides
Authors: Gopon Phillip , Douglas James O , Meisenkothen Frederick , Singh Jaspreet , London Andrew J , Moody Michael P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using a combination of simulated data and pyrite isotopic reference materials, we have refined a methodology to obtain quantitative δ34S measurements from atom probe tomography (APT) datasets. This study builds on previous attempts to characterize relative 34S/32S ratios in gold-containing pyrite using APT. We have also improved our understanding of the artifacts inherent in laser-pulsed APT of insulators. Specifically, we find the probability of multi-hit detection events increases during the APT experiment, which can have a detrimental effect on the accuracy of the analysis. We demonstrate the use of standardized corrected time-of-flight single-hit data for our isotopic analysis. Additionally, we identify issues with the standard methods of extracting background-corrected counts from APT mass spectra. These lead to inaccurate and inconsistent isotopic analyses due to human variability in peak ranging and issues with background correction algorithms. In this study, we use the corrected time-of-flight single-hit data, an adaptive peak fitting algorithm, and an improved deconvolution algorithm to extract 34S/32S ratios from the S2+ peaks. By analyzing against a standard material, acquired under similar conditions, we have extracted δ34S values to within ±5‰ (1‰ = 1 part per thousand) of the published values of our standards.
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO A FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATION USED IN MODELLING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS
Authors: MALDON BENJAMIN , LAMICHHANE BISHNU PRASAD , THAMWATTANA NGAMTA 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDye-sensitized solar cells consistently provide a cost-effective avenue for sources of renewable energy, primarily due to their unique utilization of nanoporous semiconductors. Through mathematical modelling, we are able to uncover insights into electron transport to optimize the operating efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells. In particular, fractional diffusion equations create a link between electron density and porosity of the nanoporous semiconductors. We numerically solve a fractional diffusion model using a finite-difference method and a finite-element method to discretize space and an implicit finite-difference method to discretize time. Finally, we calculate the accuracy of each method by evaluating the numerical errors under grid refinement.
Long-read sequencing reveals increased occurrence of genomic variants and adenosine methylation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 after long-duration flight exposure onboard the International Space Station
Authors: Waters Samantha M. , Ledford S. Marshall , Wacker Amanda , Verma Sonali , Serda Bianca , McKaig Jordan , Varelas Joseph , Nicoll Patrick M. , Venkateswaran Kasthuri , Smith David J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBacillus pumilus SAFR-032, an endospore-forming bacterial strain, was investigated to determine its methylation pattern (methylome) change, compared to ground control, after direct exposure to space conditions onboard the International Space Station (ISS) for 1.5 years. The resulting ISS-flown and non-flown strains were sequenced using the Nanopore MinION and an in-house method and pipeline to identify methylated positions in the genome. Our analysis indicated genomic variants and m6A methylation increased in the ISS-flown SAFR-032. To complement the broader omics investigation and explore phenotypic changes, ISS-flown and non-flown strains were compared in a series of laboratory-based chamber experiments using an X-ray irradiation source (doses applied at 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 Gy); results show a potentially higher survival fraction of ISS-flown DS2 at the two highest exposures. Taken together, results from this study document lasting changes to the genome by methylation, potentially triggered by conditions in spaceflight, with functional consequences for the resistance of bacteria to stressors expected on long-duration missions beyond low Earth orbit.
Interannual Variability in August Drought in Northern China and the Corresponding Climate Shift
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhu Yali , Chen Huopo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines August droughts in northern China (north of 35°N) at interannual and interdecadal timescales. During the period from 1968 to 1992, the precipitation in the western and eastern regions of northern China showed an out‐of‐phase pattern. During the period from 1994 to 2018, the climate in the Tarim Basin became wetter, but there was no significant connection with drought in North China. Further studies demonstrated that the Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and regional soil moisture anomalies were related to drought changes in northern China. Before the early 1990s, the east‐west standardized precipitation index dipole mode in northern China was physically linked with the wet soil in central Asia in the preceding June; moreover, the wet land surface could persist until August and cause anticyclonic and cyclonic systems over Mongolia and the subtropical northwestern Pacific, thus contributing to precipitation surplus in northwest China and a deficit in North China. After the early 1990s, however, wet conditions over the Tarim Basin were related to wet soil in the East European Plain in the preceding July: the wet soil could persist into August and generate anomalous circulation over the Tarim Basin, leading to abnormal humidity. Additionally, the SST conditions in the North (South) Atlantic are key sources of climate predictability for northern China drought at the interseasonal scale after (before) the early 1990s.