bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in young women affected with anorexia nervosa, and their relationship with personality, psychopathology, and attachment style
Authors: Amianto Federico , Secci Ilaria , Arletti Luca , Davico Chiara , Abbate Daga Giovanni , Vitiello Benedetto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OC) are associated with greater morbidity and worse prognosis in anorexia nervosa (AN). We assessed the presence of non-eating OC in participants with AN and related them with their psychopathology, personality, and attachment style features.

Methods
Young women with AN (N = 41, 30 restrictor and 11 binge-purging type) were assessed on the Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). These participants with AN and 82 healthy controls (HC) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The association between Y-BOCS scores and indexes of psychopathology, personality, and attachment were examined.

Results
AN had significantly higher scores than HC on the EDI-2, SCL-90, TAS-20, ASQ-Need for Approval, and TCI-Harm Avoidance and Self-directedness. The Y-BOCS scores were significantly correlated with ASQ-Need for Approval, TAS-20-Difficulty in Describing Feelings, SCL-90-Phobic Anxiety, and Anxiety, EDI-2-Drive to Thinness, and Asceticism. Need for Approval displayed the strongest correlation with OC symptoms. Difficulty in describing feelings displayed the strongest correlation with compulsive OC symptoms.

Conclusions
OC traits in AN were primarily associated with measures of insecure attachment rather than to their eating disorder or general psychopathology. Therapeutic approaches to correcting insecure attachment may be considered as a possible approach to treating AN patients with OC. The study supports a new psychopathological perspective for understanding the meaning of OC symptoms in AN.

Level of evidence
III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Unfolding the dynamical structure of Lisbon’s public space: space syntax and micromobility data
Authors: Freire de Almeida Helena , Lopes Rui J. , Carrilho João M. , Eloy Sara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpace Syntax and the theory of natural movement demonstrated that spatial morphology is a primary factor influencing movement. This paper investigates to what extent spatial morphology at different scales (node, community and global network) influences the use of public space by micromobility. An axial map and corresponding network for Lisbon’s walkable and open public space, and data from e-scooters parking locations, is used as case study. Relevant metrics and their correlations (intelligibility, accessibility, permeability and local dimension) for the quantitative characterization of spatial morphology properties are described and computed for Lisbon’s axial map. Communities are identified based on the network topological structure in order to investigate how these properties are affected at different scales in the case study. The resulting axial line clustering is compared via the variation of information metric with the clustering obtained from e-scooters’ proximity. The results obtained enable to conclude that the space syntax properties are scale dependent in Lisbon’s pedestrian network. On the other hand both the correlation between these properties, the number of scooters and the variation of information between clusters indicate that the spatial morphology is not the only factor influencing micromobility. Through the comparative analysis between the main properties of the public space network of Lisbon and data collected from e-scooters locations in a timeframe, centrality becomes a dynamic concept, relying not only on the static topological properties of the urban network, but also on other quantitative and qualitative factors, since the flows’ operating on the network will operate several transformations on the spatial network properties through time, uncovering spatiotemporal dynamics.
Sucrose solution as a new viscous test fluid with tunable viscosities up to 2 Pas for micromixing characterization by the Villermaux–Dushman reaction
Authors: Arian Elias , Pauer Werner 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor the first time, micromixing characterization for the Villermaux–Dushman reaction could be performed with a non-reactive viscous medium at viscosities up to 2 Pas. As viscous medium, sucrose solution was used with the benefit of being a Newtonian fluid with tuneable viscosity. Due to the higher viscosities in comparison to established media for micromixing investigations, a new protocol for the experimental implementation was developed. Micromixing experiments were conducted and the applicability of viscous sucrose solutions was proven in a stirred tank reactor. Major challenges in characterizing micromixing efficiency in high viscous solution were consolidated.
Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions
Authors: Guba Fabian , Gaulhofer Florian , Ziegenbalg Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDynamic irradiation is a potent option to influence the interaction between photochemical reactions and mass transport to design high performant and efficient photochemical processes. To systematically investigate the impact of this parameter, the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was conducted as a test reaction. Dynamic irradiation was realized through provoked secondary flow patterns, multiple spatially distributed light emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrical pulsation of LEDs. A combined experimental and theoretical approach revealed significant potential to enhance photochemical processes. The reaction rate was accelerated by more than 70% and even more important the photonic efficiency was increased by more than a factor of 4. This renders imposed dynamic irradiation an innovative and powerful tool to intensify photoreactions on the avenue to large scale sustainable photochemical processes.
Predicting the liquefaction potential of soil layers in Tabriz city via artificial neural network analysis
Authors: Alizadeh Mansouri Mohammad , Dabiri Rouzbeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoil liquefaction is a phenomenon through which saturated soil completely loses its strength and hardness and behaves the same as a liquid due to the severe stress it entails. This stress can be caused by earthquakes or sudden changes in soil stress conditions. Many empirical approaches have been proposed for predicting the potential of liquefaction, each of which includes advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a novel prediction approach is proposed based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to adequately predict the potential of liquefaction in a specific range of soil properties. To this end, a whole set of 100 soil data is collected to calculate the potential of liquefaction via empirical approaches in Tabriz, Iran. Then, the results of the empirical approaches are utilized for data training in an ANN, which is considered as an option to predict liquefaction for the first time in Tabriz. The achieved configuration of the ANN is utilized to predict the liquefaction of 10 other data sets for validation purposes. According to the obtained results, a well-trained ANN is capable of predicting the liquefaction potential through error values of less than 5%, which represents the reliability of the proposed approach.
COVID-19 Pandemic Surge: After-Action Report of a Coalition of Emergency Departments in New York City
Authors: Tedeschi Christopher , Mills Angela M. , Sharma Rahul , Deland Emme , Johnston Benjamin , Schwimmer Emy , Heilpern Katherine L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has stressed the US health care system in unprecedented ways. In March and April 2020, emergency departments (EDs) throughout New York City experienced high volumes and acuity related to the pandemic. Here, we present a structured after-action report of a coalition of 9 EDs within a hospital system in the New York City metropolitan area, with an emphasis on best practices developed during the prolonged surge as well as specific opportunities for growth. We report our experience in 6 key areas using a framework built around lessons learned. This report represents the most salient concepts related to our institutional after-action report, and those seemingly most relevant to our peer institutions dealing with similar circumstances.
Cognitive impairment and development of dementia in very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Victoria X , Sin Fai Lam Chun Chiang , Kane Joseph P M 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:This study aimed to review the evidence base regarding cognitive impairment and the development of dementia in patients with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP).Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened records first by title and abstract and then by full text, resolving differences after each stage. Selected studies were assessed for quality using the GRADE system, and data on study design, participants, cognitive ability and rates of developing dementia were extracted and synthesised.Results:Seventeen publications were identified for review. They were generally poor in quality and heterogenous in design. VLOSLP patients were found to have impaired global cognition compared to non-psychotic controls, but no difference was found between VLOSLP patients and aged early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. No single cognitive domain was consistently affected. Patients with VLOSLP demonstrated significantly higher rates of dementia diagnosis (ranging from 4.4% over 3 years to 44.4% over 15 years) than controls, but no difference was found between VLOSLP patients and aged EOS patients.Conclusions:VLOSLP may not necessarily predict cognitive decline, but few studies have adequately investigated cohorts on a longitudinal basis. Heterogeneity between and within cohorts and varying selection criteria compromise the clinical generalisability of studies investigating the association between VLOSLP and neurodegenerative disease. Further studies on the clinical presentation, cognitive profile and neuropathology of VLOSLP with comparison to EOS/late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) and neurodegenerative disease are needed to better inform the diagnosis and management of VLOSLP.
Anticommunism and Détente: Mindszenty, the Catholic Church, and Hungarian Émigrés in West Germany, 1972
Authors: von Klimó Árpád 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardinal Mindszenty was head of the Catholic Church of Hungary between 1945 and 1974, but had been imprisoned between 1949 and 1956 and hiding in the US embassy in Budapest from 1956 to 1971. In 1971, Mindszenty left the country and settled in Vienna after long negotiations between the Vatican and the Hungarian communist government. When he visited the Hungarian diaspora and non-Hungarian followers in the West between 1972 and his death in 1975, controversies about communism, Catholicism, and Western society and social change in general erupted. This article analyzes these controversies and the different groups that supported the cardinal and their understanding of anticommunism in the context of a changing West German society and against the background of changes within the Catholic world after Vatican II. The ideas about communism Mindszenty and his right-wing supporters formulated were outdated in the 1970s but had a long afterlife.
Moringa oleiferaextract promotes apoptosis-like death inToxoplasma gondiitachyzoitesin vitro
Authors: Nishi Letícia , Sanfelice Raquel Arruda da Silva , da Silva Bortoleti Bruna Taciane , Tomiotto-Pellissier Fernanda , Silva Taylon Felipe , Evangelista Fernanda Ferreira , Lazarin-Bidóia Danielle , Costa Idessania Nazareth , Pavanelli Wander Rogério , Conchon Costa Ivete , Baptista Aline Takaoka Alves , Bergamasco Rosângela , Falavigna-Guilherme Ana Lúcia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractToxoplasma gondiiis the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, and an important problem of public health. The current treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combination of pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine, which do not act in the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis and have several side-effects. This study evaluated the anti-T. gondiiactivity and potential mechanism ofMoringa oleiferaseeds’ aqueous extractin vitro. The concentration ofM. oleiferaextract in HeLa cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assays. The presence ofT. gondiiwas assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and toluidine blue staining. Pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine were used as drug controls. Modifications inT. gondiimorphology and ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy.In vitro, theM. oleiferaextract had no toxic effect on HeLa cells at concentrations below 50μg mL−1.Moringa oleiferaextract inhibitsT. gondiiinvasion and intracellular proliferation with similar results for sulphadiazine + pyrimethamine, and also shows cellular nitric oxide production at a concentration of 30μg mL−1. Electron microscopy analyses indicated structural and ultrastructural modifications in tachyzoites after treatment. We also observed an increase in reactive oxygen species production and a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Nile Red staining assays demonstrated a lipid accumulation. Annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining demonstrated that the main action ofM. oleiferaextract inT. gondiitachyzoites was compatible with late apoptosis. In conclusion,M. oleiferaextract has anti-T. gondiiactivityin vitroand might be a promising substance for the development of a new anti-T. gondiidrug.
Temporal dynamics of trematode intermediate snail host environmental DNA in small water body habitats
Authors: Jones Rhys Aled , Davis Chelsea N. , Jones Dewi Llyr , Tyson Fiona , Davies Emma , Cutress David , Brophy Peter M. , Rose Michael T. , Williams Manod , Williams Hefin Wyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) surveying has potential to become a powerful tool for sustainable parasite control. As trematode parasites require an intermediate snail host that is often aquatic or amphibious to fulfil their lifecycle, water-based eDNA analyses can be used to screen habitats for the presence of snail hosts and identify trematode infection risk areas. The aim of this study was to identify climatic and environmental factors associated with the detection of Galba truncatula eDNA. Fourteen potential G. truncatula habitats on two farms were surveyed over a 9-month period, with eDNA detected using a filter capture, extraction and PCR protocol with data analysed using a generalized estimation equation. The probability of detecting G. truncatula eDNA increased in habitats where snails were visually detected, as temperature increased, and as water pH decreased (P < 0.05). Rainfall was positively associated with eDNA detection in watercourse habitats on farm A, but negatively associated with eDNA detection in watercourse habitats on farm B (P < 0.001), which may be explained by differences in watercourse gradient. This study is the first to identify factors associated with trematode intermediate snail host eDNA detection. These factors should be considered in standardized protocols to evaluate the results of future eDNA surveys.
Combinatorial anti-concentration inequalities, with applications
Authors: FOX JACOB , KWAN MATTHEW , SAUERMANN LISA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove several different anti-concentration inequalities for functions of independent Bernoulli-distributed random variables. First, motivated by a conjecture of Alon, Hefetz, Krivelevich and Tyomkyn, we prove some “Poisson-type” anti-concentration theorems that give bounds of the form 1/e+o(1) for the point probabilities of certain polynomials. Second, we prove an anti-concentration inequality for polynomials with nonnegative coefficients which extends the classical Erdős–Littlewood–Offord theorem and improves a theorem of Meka, Nguyen and Vu for polynomials of this type. As an application, we prove some new anti-concentration bounds for subgraph counts in random graphs.
Large N behaviour of the two-dimensional Yang–Mills partition function
Authors: Lemoine Thibaut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe compute the large N limit of the partition function of the Euclidean Yang–Mills measure on orientable compact surfaces with genus
$g\geqslant 1$
and non-orientable compact surfaces with genus
$g\geqslant 2$
, with structure group the unitary group
${\mathrm U}(N)$
or special unitary group
${\mathrm{SU}}(N)$
. Our proofs are based on asymptotic representation theory: more specifically, we control the dimension and Casimir number of irreducible representations of
${\mathrm U}(N)$
and
${\mathrm{SU}}(N)$
when N tends to infinity. Our main technical tool, involving ‘almost flat’ Young diagram, makes rigorous the arguments used by Gross and Taylor (1993, Nuclear Phys. B400(1–3) 181–208) in the setting of QCD, and in some cases, we recover formulae given by Douglas (1995, Quantum Field Theory and String Theory (Cargèse, 1993), Vol. 328 of NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series B: Physics, Plenum, New York, pp. 119–135) and Rusakov (1993, Phys. Lett. B303(1) 95–98).
Terrorism-Related Chemical, Biological, Radiation, and Nuclear Attacks: A Historical Global Comparison Influencing the Emergence of Counter-Terrorism Medicine
Authors: Tin Derrick , Granholm Fredrik , Hart Alexander , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Terrorist attacks are growing in complexity, increasing concerns around the use of chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear (CBRN) agents. This has led to increasing interest in Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) as a Disaster Medicine (DM) sub-specialty. This study aims to provide the epidemiology of CBRN use in terrorism, to detail specific agents used, and to develop training programs for responders.Methods:The open-source Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was searched for all CBRN attacks from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2018. Attacks were included if they fulfilled the terrorism-related criteria as set by the GTD’s Codebook. Ambiguous events or those meeting only partial criteria were excluded. The database does not include acts of state terrorism.Results:There were 390 total CBRN incidents, causing 930 total fatal injuries (FI) and 14,167 total non-fatal injuries (NFI). A total of 347 chemical attacks (88.9% of total) caused 921 FI (99.0%) and 13,361 NFI (94.3%). Thirty-one biological attacks (8.0%) caused nine FI (1.0%) and 806 NFI (5.7%). Twelve radiation attacks (3.1%) caused zero FI and zero NFI. There were no nuclear attacks. The use of CBRN accounted for less than 0.3% of all terrorist attacks and is a high-risk, low-frequency attack methodology.The Taliban was implicated in 40 of the 347 chemical events, utilizing a mixture of agents including unconfirmed chemical gases (grey literature suggests white phosphorous and chlorine), contaminating water sources with pesticides, and the use of corrosive acid. The Sarin gas attack in Tokyo contributed to 5,500 NFI. Biological attacks accounted for 8.0% of CBRN attacks. Anthrax was used or suspected in 20 of the 31 events, followed by salmonella (5), ricin (3), fecal matter (1), botulinum toxin (1), and HIV (1). Radiation attacks accounted for 3.1% of CBRN attacks. Monazite was used in 10 of the 12 events, followed by iodine 131 (1) and undetermined irradiated plates (1).Conclusion:Currently, CBRN are low-frequency, high-impact attack modalities and remain a concern given the rising rate of terrorist events. Counter-Terrorism Medicine is a developing DM sub-specialty focusing on the mitigation of health care risks from such events. First responders and health care workers should be aware of historic use of CBRN weapons regionally and globally, and should train and prepare to respond appropriately.
Subjective Cognitive Decline and its Relation to Verbal Memory and Sex in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals from a Colombian Cohort with Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martinez Jairo E. , Pardilla-Delgado Enmanuelle , Guzmán-Vélez Edmarie , Vila-Castelar Clara , Amariglio Rebecca , Gatchel Jennifer , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel C. , Bocanegra Yamile , Baena Ana , Henao Eliana , Tirado Victoria , Muñoz Claudia , Giraldo-Chica Margarita , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Findings regarding sex differences in SCD are inconsistent. Studying sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia, may inform sex-related SCD variations in preclinical AD. We examined sex differences in SCD within cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and sex differences in the relationship between SCD and memory performance.Methods:We included 310 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) E280A mutation carriers (51% females) and 1998 noncarrier family members (56% females) in the study. Subjects and their study partners completed SCD questionnaires and the CERAD word list delayed recall test. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in SCD, sex, and memory performance. In carriers, partial correlations were used to examine associations between SCD and memory performance covarying for education.Results:Females in both groups had greater self-reported and study partner-reported SCD than males (allp< 0.001). In female mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p= 0.02) and study partner-reported SCD (p< 0.001) were associated with worse verbal memory. In male mutation carriers, greater self-reported (p= 0.03), but not study partner-reported SCD (p= 0.11) was associated with worse verbal memory.Conclusions:Study partner-reported SCD may be a stronger indicator of memory decline in femalesversusmales in individuals at risk for developing dementia. Future studies with independent samples and preclinical trials should consider sex differences when recruiting based on SCD criteria.
Consolidation as a mechanism for word learning in sequential bilinguals
Authors: Tartaro Giacomo , Takashima Atsuko , McQueen James M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFirst-language research suggests that new words, after initial episodic-memory encoding, are consolidated and hence become lexically integrated. We asked here if lexical consolidation, about word forms and meanings, occurs in a second language. Italian–English sequential bilinguals learned novel English-like words (e.g., apricon, taught to mean “stapler”). fMRI analyses failed to reveal a predicted shift, after consolidation time, from hippocampal to temporal neocortical activity. In a pause-detection task, responses to existing phonological competitors of learned words (e.g., apricot for apricon) were slowed down if the words had been learned two days earlier (i.e., after consolidation time) but not if they had been learned the same day. In a lexical-decision task, new words primed responses to semantically-related existing words (e.g., apricon-paper) whether the words were learned that day or two days earlier. Consolidation appears to support integration of words into the bilingual lexicon, possibly more rapidly for meanings than for forms.