bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects in the Hand with a Free Anterolateral Thigh Deep Fascia Flap
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Huiren , Ma Tiepeng , Wu Xueqiang , Zhang Liu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo report our experience in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the hand with a free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flap and describe the clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective trial. From November 2016 to January 2020, six patients (four men and two women) with soft tissue defects in the hand were included in this study. The average age of the patients was 33.7 ± 12.7 years (range, 20 to 50 years). All patients underwent reconstructions with free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flaps. Relevant clinical characteristics were recorded prior to surgery. The size and thickness of the deep fascia flap and the thickness of the skin were measured intraoperatively. The survival of the flaps and skin grafts and the occurrence of infection were recorded after the operation. At follow‐up, donor site complications and postoperative effects were evaluated according to the outcome satisfaction scale. The pain in the injured hand was assessed using the visual analog scale.ResultsThe average body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2 (range, 23.9 to 28.7 kg/m2). The defect sizes ranged from 5 cm × 5 cm to 13 cm × 8 cm (average, 53.1 ± 27.9 cm2). The six anterolateral thigh deep fascia flaps ranged from 7 cm × 6 cm to 14 cm × 9 cm in size (average, 71.8 ± 29.1 cm2). The thicknesses of skin ranged from 25 mm to 40 mm (average, 32.5 ± 4.8 mm), and the thicknesses of the deep fascia flaps ranged from 2 mm to 3 mm (average, 2.5 ± 0.5 mm). After the operation, the blood supply of the deep fascia flap was normal in all cases. The second‐stage skin grafts of most patients survived completely. The skin graft in one case was partially necrotic and healed after a dressing change. No infection occurred. At follow‐up (average, 16.3 ± 6.9 months), there was only a linear scar and no loss of sensation at the donor site of each patient. According to the outcome satisfaction scale, the outcome satisfaction score ranged from 6 to 8 (average, 7.2 ± 0.9), all of which were satisfactory. Apart from one patient who reported mild pain, all the other patients reported no pain. Three typical cases are presented in this article.ConclusionsThe free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flap, which is suitable for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the hand, can provide very good outcomes both functionally and aesthetically.
Negative mood is associated with decreased prefrontal cortex functioning during working memory in young adults
Authors: Yeung Michael K. , Lee Tsz L. , Chan Agnes S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prefrontal‐subcortical model of emotion regulation postulates that decreased prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning may underlie the emergence of clinical affective disorders. In addition, accumulated evidence suggests that there is considerable variability in negative affect in the nonclinical population. This study examined whether negative affective symptoms were associated with decreased PFC functioning in nonclinical young adults. Forty college students aged 18–24 years (ten males) underwent ann‐back paradigm (i.e., a frontal executive task) with a working memory (WM) load (i.e., 3‐back) and a vigilance control condition (i.e., 0‐back) while their hemodynamics changes in the lateral and medial PFC on both sides were monitored using a 16‐channel functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. They also filled out the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) to estimate the levels of their negative emotions in the preceding week. Young adults exhibited an increased concentration of oxyhemoglobin and a decreased concentration of deoxyhemoglobin (i.e., activation), primarily in the lateral PFC, in response to the WM load (i.e., 3‐back > 0‐back). Importantly, higher DASS scores indicating higher levels of recent negative mood, especially depression and stress rather than anxiety symptoms, correlated with lower WM‐related activation in the lateral PFC. Thus, recent negative mood is associated with decreased lateral PFC functioning during the executive control of WM in healthy young adults. Our findings suggest that decreased PFC functioning is also present in the nonclinical population with increased levels of negative mood and that fNIRS is a promising tool for elucidating individual differences in negative affective symptoms.
Implementing the interpersonal theory of suicide to improve outcomes in suicidal adolescents: A pilot trial
Authors: Zullo Lucas , King Jessica , Nakonezny Paul A. , Kennard Betsy D. , Emslie Graham , Stewart Sunita M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide proposes two constructs that serve as a final common pathway to suicidal ideation: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. There have been few translations of this theory to clinical care. This study aimed to address this limitation by targeting burden cognitions with novel interventions.MethodsA pilot clinical trial was conducted in an evidence‐based intensive outpatient program for suicidal youth. Participants were 123 adolescents who completed measures at intake, discharge, and one‐month follow‐up. The experimental group consisted of standard care plus study interventions, which was compared with an active control group of standard care. Feedback on intervention acceptability was gathered through qualitative interviews with parents and adolescents.ResultsThere was a statistically significant drop in thwarted belongingness at discharge and an improvement in perceived burdensomeness at discharge (not statistically significant, small effect size). Feedback on acceptability was favorable and supported implementation.ConclusionThis study adds to the literature by being the first to utilize the construct of perceived burdensomeness in clinical interventions for suicidal youth; illustrating one potential avenue for translating theory to practice. The unexpected effects on thwarted belongingness have implications for the role of these constructs in a treatment setting.
Adaptive Slicing of Parametrizable Algebraic Surfaces for Layered Manufacturing
Authors: Kulkarni Prashant , Dutta Debasish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the various applications of Layered Manufacturing (LM) expand from just prototyping, the geometric accuracy issues become more prominent. Variable thickness, or adaptive, slicing aides in reducing a major source of geometric inaccuracy, the staircase effect. This paper develops a procedure for the adaptive slicing of a parametrizable algebraic surface to be manufactured by an LM process. An implemented example of the procedure is presented.
Finite Element Incremental Approach and Exact Rigid Body Inertia
Authors: Shabana A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the dynamics of multibody systems that consist of interconnected rigid and deformable bodies, it is desirable to have a formulation that preserves the exactness of the rigid body inertia. As demonstrated in this paper, the incremental finite element approach, which is often used to solve large rotation problems, does not lead to the exact inertia of simple structures when they rotate as rigid bodies because the physical nodal coordinates can not be used to describe large rotations in the case of beams and plates. Nonetheless, the exact inertia properties, such as the mass moments of inertia and the moments of mass, of the rigid bodies can be obtained using the finite element shape functions that describe large rigid body translations by introducing an intermediate element coordinate system. The results of application of the parallel axis theorem can be obtained using the finite element shape functions by simply changing the element nodal coordinates. A simple rigid body rotation, however, can cause a significant error if the element shape function and the nodal coordinates are used to evaluate the inertia properties of bodies that undergo large rigid body rotations. As demonstrated in this investigation, the exact rigid body inertia properties in case of rigid body rotations can be obtained using the shape function if the nodal coordinates are defined using trigonometric functions that lack a physical meaning. Linearization of the nodal coordinate vector can lead to different results when different methods are used to define the rigid body inertia. For example, the calculation of the mass moment of inertia using position coordinates only leads to results which are different from those obtained using energy expressions or the laws of motion.
Influence of Mean Load on the Response of a Forced Non-Linear Hill’s Oscillator
Authors: Padmanabhan Chandramouli , Singh Rajendra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although non-linear systems subject to combined parametric and external excitations have been examined in some depth, very few of these investigations have addressed the influence of a mean (time-invariant) load on the system response. In particular, the importance of the mean load effect has been highlighted in the study of whirling asymmetric shafts, where significant changes in system response and stability occur under the influence of gravity. The present paper intends to characterize the specific effect of mean load on the dynamic behavior of a single degree-of-freedom Hill’s oscillator with a clearance type non-linearity while also being subjected to a periodic base displacement excitation. The parametric continuation technique and method of harmonic balance are used for this purpose. Issues discussed include the coupling between the mean load and the dynamic response amplitude, interaction between the parametric excitation effect and the clearance non-linearity and comparison between time-invariant and time-varying systems.
Torsional Vibration Reduction in Internal Combustion Engines Using Centrifugal Pendulums
Authors: Lee Cheng-Tang , Shaw Steven W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of the present work is to investigate the performance of tautochronic centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVA’s) for reducing torsional vibrations in internal combustion engines. This is carried out using a mathematical model for the torsional dynamics of an in-line, four-stroke, four-cylinder engine with dynamic absorbers. This model includes the inertial effects of connecting rods and pistons, the forces caused by gas pressure inside the cylinder chambers, and friction in the bearings. Three configurations of the CPVA’s are applied to the model, including (1) a single CPVA tuned to order 2, (2) a pair of CPVA’s tuned to order 1, (3) two CPVA’s with tuning orders 2 and 4. For purposes of direct comparison, the total moment of inertia is the same for all three configurations. Numerical simulations are carried out in order to evaluate the performance of each configuration. This preliminary study indicates that Configuration (3) offers the best results for minimizing the peak value of crankshaft angular acceleration.
The Dynamic Finite Element Modeling of Aircraft Landing System
Authors: Chang Craig F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to address finite element modeling for dynamics and its applications to aircraft landing and braking systems. The components of the system in the example model include the entire landing gear, wheels, brakes, and tires. The use of finite element modeling techniques in dynamics as a design tool for landing and braking systems is discussed. Vibration mode shapes from the finite element analysis, including both whirl and squeal, are shown. Correlation between the finite element models and the experimental modal analyses of various system components are presented. Correlation between the performance of the complete landing and braking system model and the actual system during aircraft operation is also presented.
Digital Shearography Versus TV-Holography for Vibration Measurement
Authors: Hung Y. Y. , Griffen C. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews and compares two major optical methods for vibration measurement: digital shearography and TV-holography. Digital shearography measures surface displacement derivatives whereas TV-holography measures surface displacements. While both methods enjoy the advantages of being full-field and noncontacting, digital shearography has been proven to be more practical than TV-holography because it employs a simpler setup and does not require special vibration isolation.
Sex differences in the modulation of the motor unit discharge rate leads to reduced force steadiness
Authors: Inglis J. Greig , Gabriel David A. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the variability in the motor unit inter-pulse interval and force steadiness at submaximal and maximal force outputs between the sexes. Twenty-four male and 24 female participants were recruited to perform isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% maximum voluntary contraction. Tibialis anterior myoelectric signal was recorded by an intramuscular electrode. Females had lower force steadiness (coefficient of variation of force (CoV-Force), 27.3%, p < 0.01) and a greater coefficient of variation of motor unit action potential inter-pulse interval (CoV-IPI), compared with males (9.6%, p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the normalized CoV-IPI and CoV-Force (r = 0.19, p > 0.01), but there was a significant repeated measures correlation between the raw scores for root-mean-square force error and the standard deviation of motor unit discharge rate (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Females also had a greater incidence of doublet discharges on average across force levels (p < 0.01). The sex differences may result from motor unit behaviours (i.e., doublet and rapid discharges, synchronization, rate coding or recruitment), leading to lower force steadiness and greater CoV-IPI in females. Novelty: Sex differences in force steadiness may be due to neural strategies. Females have lower force steadiness compared with males. Greater incidence of doublet discharges in females may result in lesser force steadiness.
Novel thick brane solutions with U(1) symmetry breaking
Authors: Peyravi Marzieh , Riazi Nematollah , Lobo Francisco S. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, using two scalar fields ($$\phi $$
ϕ
, $$\psi $$
ψ
) coupled to 4 + 1 dimensional gravity, we construct novel topological brane solutions through an explicit U(1) symmetry breaking term. The potential of this model is constructed so that two distinct degenerate vacua in the $$\phi $$
ϕ
field exist, in analogy to the $$\phi ^{4}$$

ϕ
4

potential. Therefore, brane solutions appear due to the vacuum structure of the $$\phi $$
ϕ
field. However, the topology and vacuum structure in the $$\psi $$
ψ
direction depends on the symmetry breaking parameter $$\beta ^{2}$$

β
2

, which leads to different types of branes. As a result, one can interpret the present model as a combination of a $$\phi ^{4}$$

ϕ
4

brane with an auxiliary field, which leads to deviations from the $$\phi ^{4}$$

ϕ
4

system with the brane achieving a richer internal structure. Furthermore, we analyse in detail the behaviour of the superpotentials, the warp factors, the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars and the Einstein tensor components. In addition to this, we explore the stability of the brane in terms of the free parameters of the model. The analysis presented here complements previous work and is sufficiently novel to be interesting.
Malonate Promotes Adult Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Heart Regeneration
Authors: Bae Jiyoung , Salamon Rebecca J. , Brandt Emma B. , Paltzer Wyatt G. , Zhang Ziheng , Britt Emily C. , Hacker Timothy A. , Fan Jing , Mahmoud Ahmed I. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes undergo a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which results in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production that induces DNA damage. These cellular changes contribute to cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit and loss of the capacity for cardiac regeneration. The mechanisms that regulate this metabolic switch and the increase in reactive oxygen species production have been relatively unexplored. Current evidence suggests that elevated reactive oxygen species production in ischemic tissues occurs as a result of accumulation of the mitochondrial metabolite succinate during ischemia via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and this succinate is rapidly oxidized at reperfusion. Mutations in SDH in familial cancer syndromes have been demonstrated to promote a metabolic shift into glycolytic metabolism, suggesting a potential role for SDH in regulating cellular metabolism. Whether succinate and SDH regulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and the cardiac metabolic state remains unclear.

Methods:
Here, we investigated the role of succinate and SDH inhibition in regulation of postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and heart regeneration.

Results:
Our results demonstrate that injection of succinate into neonatal mice results in inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Our evidence also shows that inhibition of SDH by malonate treatment after birth extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in juvenile mice. Remarkably, extending malonate treatment to the adult mouse heart after myocardial infarction injury results in a robust regenerative response within 4 weeks after injury via promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and revascularization. Our metabolite analysis after SDH inhibition by malonate induces dynamic changes in adult cardiac metabolism.

Conclusions:
Inhibition of SDH by malonate promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation, revascularization, and heart regeneration via metabolic reprogramming. These findings support a potentially important new therapeutic approach for human heart failure.
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression and Signaling in Different Perivascular Adipose Tissue Depots of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zierold Sarah , Buschmann Katja , Gachkar Sogol , Bochenek Magdalena L. , Velmeden David , Hobohm Lukas , Vahl Christian‐Friedrich , Schäfer Katrin 
Published: March 2021

Background
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in neuronal and nonneuronal cells and may affect vascular functions via its receptor, tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB). In this study, we determined the expression of BDNF in different perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) depots of patients with established coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

Serum, vascular tissue, and PVAT surrounding the proximal aorta (C‐PVAT) or internal mammary artery (IMA‐PVAT) was obtained from 24 patients (79% men; mean age, 71.7±9.7 years; median body mass index, 27.4±4.8 kg/m
2
) with coronary atherosclerosis undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. BDNF protein levels were significantly higher in C‐PVAT compared with IMA‐PVAT, independent of obesity, metabolic syndrome, or systemic biomarkers of inflammation. mRNA transcripts of TrkB, the BDNF receptor, were significantly reduced in aorta compared with IMA. Vessel wall TrkB immunosignals colocalized with cells expressing smooth muscle cell markers, and confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed BDNF receptor expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Significantly elevated levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a negative regulator of TrkB signaling in the brain, were also observed in C‐PVAT. In vitro, inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B blunted the effects of BDNF on smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and collagen production, possibly by upregulation of low‐affinity p75 neurotrophin receptors. Expression of nerve growth factor or its receptor tropomyosin‐related kinase A did not differ between C‐PVAT and IMA‐PVAT.

Conclusions
Elevated expression of BDNF in parallel with local upregulation of negative regulators of neurotrophin signaling in perivascular fat and lower TrkB expression suggest that vascular BDNF signaling is reduced or lost in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes Predict Future Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Katzan Irene L. , Thompson Nicolas , Schuster Andrew , Wisco Dolora , Lapin Brittany 
Published: March 2021

Background
Identification of stroke patients at increased risk of emergency department (ED) visits or hospital admissions allows implementation of mitigation strategies. We evaluated the ability of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Information Measurement System (PROMIS) patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) collected as part of routine care to predict 1‐year emergency department (ED) visits and admissions when added to other readily available clinical variables.

Methods and Results
This was a cohort study of 1696 patients with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or transient ischemic attack seen in a cerebrovascular clinic from February 17, 2015, to June 11, 2018, who completed the following PROs at the visit: Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders cognitive function, PROMIS Global Health, sleep disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, social role satisfaction, physical function, and pain interference. A series of logistic regression models was constructed to determine the ability of models that include PRO scores to predict 1‐year ED visits and all‐cause and unplanned admissions. In the 1 year following the PRO encounter date, 1046 ED visits occurred in 548 patients; 751 admissions occurred in 453 patients. All PROs were significantly associated with future ED visits and admissions except PROMIS sleep. Models predicting unplanned admissions had highest optimism‐corrected area under the curve (range, 0.684–0.724), followed by ED visits (range, 0.674–0.691) and then all‐cause admissions (range, 0.628–0.671). PROs measuring domains of mental health had stronger associations with ED visits; PROs measuring domains of physical health had stronger associations with admissions.

Conclusions
PROMIS scales improve the ability to predict ED visits and admissions in patients with stroke. The differences in model performance and the most influential PROs in the prediction models suggest differences in factors influencing future hospital admissions and ED visits.