bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral peroneal nerve paralysis in agricultural workers: three case reports
Authors: Tuna M , Satis S 
Published: September 2021

Summary
The peroneal nerve can be injured due to direct trauma or non-traumatic causes, with the injury mostly occurring between the fibular head and neck and mostly unilateral. This injury mostly results from prolonged squatting, cross-legged sitting or sitting with one foot tucked under the other leg. In this report, we present three agricultural workers with a history of prolonged squatting who developed bilateral foot drop due to bilateral peroneal nerve injury, two of whom recovered almost completely after physical therapy, and one remained disabled. Agricultural workers should be advised to avoid prolonged squatting for more than 2 h, to extend the knee and to strengthen the muscles around the knee in order to prevent neuropathy.
Bridging Hinges
Authors: Lyons Heidi A. , Sanders George 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a theoretical and empirical overview of the sexual attitudes, beliefs, and values expressed by emerging adults. It highlights contemporary research that represents the changing patterns in this sociocultural arena. Furthermore, it is contended that because attitudes, beliefs, and values contribute to the makeup of sexual subjectivities, these subjectivities can best be understood within broader assemblages. Thus, the chapter is loosely organized around the following themes: peers, families, religion, and visual media. The chapter concludes by highlighting the absence of academic inquiries related to queer identified emerging adults and persons who are not enrolled in college, and it suggests areas for future research.
Brief Report
Authors: Mazur Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2014, approximately 14.4% of Americans aged 18–24 years had some type of disability. Compared to their peers without disabilities, disabled emerging adults typically have more difficulty dating and finding romantic and sexual partners. One way that they may escape disability stigma and smaller dating pools is through online dating. However, little is known about their experiences seeking romantic and sexual relationships online, and even less is known about the experiences of emerging adults with disabilities who identify with sexual orientations that are not heterosexual or cisgender. In the current study, 43 emerging adults aged 18–30 years with various disabilities, genders, and sexual orientations completed surveys in which they explained the process by which they choose dating sites, create profiles or questionnaires, browse other user profiles, and initiate and reciprocate contact through dating sites. Participants also described their experiences going on dates with their online matches and sustaining relationships.
Method Tutorial
Authors: Cloutier Renee M , Dunham Kinsie J , Cochran Bryan , Blumenthal Heidemarie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Utilizing sensitive methodology for gender and sexual minority (GSM) individuals is important across all psychological fields. This tutorial provides tangible recommendations for non-experts, offers a “real-world” example of issues that might arise, informs researchers how to make theoretically/methodologically rigorous decisions when (not if) they arise, and discusses the collective impact of GSM identities on the central research question. It presents exploratory comparisons on acute affective responding between community-recruited adolescent (aged 15–17 years) and emerging adult (aged 18–25 years) cisgender and gender minority (GM) participants exposed to simulated peer rejection. These data provide points of divergence (e.g., GM participants had higher negative affect at the first assessment) and convergence (e.g., all participants reported greater negative affect post-rejection) that have implications for future research.
The Role of Friends and Peers in Emerging Adults’ Sexual Behavior
Authors: DeLuca Bishop Haylee K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Friends and peers play an important role in emerging adults’ sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors. This chapter highlights how friends and peers provide a context for interacting with sexual partners and engaging in activities, such as drinking alcohol, that make sexual behavior more likely. Furthermore, this chapter discusses how friends and peers help emerging adults interpret their sexual experiences through social norms and communication. In addition, the chapter provides recommendations for future research investigating how friends and peers impact emerging adults’ sexual attitudes and behaviors, including how peer influence differs across time, based on relationship context or based on individual characteristics, such as gender, sexual orientation, college status, and cultural background.
Diverse Trajectories at the Intersection of Religion and Sexuality During Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Willoughby Brian J. , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersection of religion and sex among emerging adults. It first discusses the extant empirical literature related to how religion influences sexual behavioral decisions as well as the link between religion and sexual values and attitudes. It then acknowledges a general waning from religion during emerging adulthood but presents diverse trajectories related to the religious lives of emerging adults and their sexual decision making. Next, the chapter discusses a variety of pathways and trajectories through which emerging adults may travel as they navigate decisions involving relationships and sexual intimacy and how such decisions are, may be, or are not influenced by religion. The four presented trajectories are religious rejecters, religious remainers, religious returners, and religious innovators. The chapter concludes by addressing some additional complexities regarding emerging adults, religion, and sex and offers some concluding questions and directions for future research.
Brief Report
Authors: Stearns Melanie , Rogers Mary M , McKinney Cliff 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Religiosity has been shown to be a protective factor against risky sexual behavior (RSB). The current study sought to identify which aspects of perceived significant other and personal religiosity (i.e., private, coping, conviction, social, and conservatism) predict RSB in emerging adults and how this might differ by gender. The sample (N = 275; 72% female, 28% male) consisted of adults aged 18–25 years (mean = 19.31, SD = 1.42) attending a large Southern university and used the Stearns–McKinney Assessment of Religious Traits scale and Student Sexual Risks Scale. For males, significant other private religiosity and personal conservatism predicted RSB. For females, significant other private religiosity and religious coping as well as personal conviction and conservative religiosity predicted RSB. Thus, religious traits and gender differed regarding the prediction of RSB of emerging adults.
Brief Report
Authors: Jovita Clara Alverina , Suleeman Julia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to discover what factors were behind a decision to self-disclose experiences of sexual violence. Six Indonesian women aged 18–27 years participated in in-depth interviews that focused on what made them self-disclose, how the process happened, how the person(s) they disclosed reacted, and how they evaluated the disclosure. Three of the participants were raped when they were younger than age 10 years, and the other three were raped when they were older than age 18 years. Results showed that participants chose close friends as trusted persons and that the process of disclosing reminded them of the terrible experience. Unfortunately, not all persons to whom they disclosed reacted positively, but after a while, participants reported feeling relieved because the disclosure allowed them to look toward a brighter future. Age when rape happened was influential toward how they signified this trauma and feelings of self-worth.
Unsafe at Any Time
Authors: Vermeulen Karla 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Unsafe at Any Time” examines Generation Disaster’s perceptions of safety, risk, fairness, and other consequences of their early environment, and it explores whether these concerns relate to the high rates of anxiety and depression reported by this generation relative to other cohorts. It also describes the methodological challenges that are inherent in trying to make valid comparisons to previous ages, given all of the dramatic societal changes of the past few decades, and the chapter discusses the impact of the belittling descriptions of this cohort by elders as being overly sensitive or generally inferior to previous generations, when in reality their often cautious worldview may be an adaptive response to a genuinely more dangerous world.
Questioning College
Authors: Vermeulen Karla 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Questioning College” considers the stressors (economic and otherwise) that surround decisions about pursuing and paying for higher education. While attending college is now the norm for American emerging adults, some believe that higher education is essential yet inadequate for launching a career. Many graduate with crippling student loans that drastically limit their career options, yet they believe they have no chance of finding decent work without a degree. Others don’t pursue college, which has different implications for the path the rest of their lives may take. It’s a decision with far greater consequences than for previous generations, when many decent jobs were available to those without a college education, and yet another source of intense stress for many members of Generation Disaster.
Tipping the Scale
Authors: Groll Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the author argues that the weighty reason to use an open donor identified by the Significant Interest view is, normally, a decisive reason. The argument proceeds by first distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for using an anonymous donor and then showing that, generally speaking, there are no intrinsic reasons that outweigh the reason to use an open donor identified by the Significant Interest view. While there might be extrinsic reasons that give some people decisive reason to use an anonymous donor, the author argues that the lack of intrinsic reasons means that we should work to remove extrinsic reasons for using an anonymous donor.
Encountering God
Authors: Wilson Brittany E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how God encounters humans via intermediary figures and argues that such figures exemplify how God can appear in different forms. The chapter begins by problematizing the modern concept of monotheism and then discusses three main categories of mediator figures that appear in Jewish and Christian texts (divine attributes, angels, and exalted humans). It then turns to these figures in Luke’s narrative and reveals how Luke also overlaps Jesus with many of these mediator figures, blurring the boundaries between Jesus, angels, the Spirit, and even God. Thus, while the reader never explicitly sees God’s form in Luke’s narrative, intermediary figures demonstrate that God can appear in myriad ways, some of which are embodied.
Life History Perspectives on Voltinism
Authors: Vicente Carlos San 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatterns of voltinism are well documented in many crustaceans and other invetebrates, and these studies provide diverse insights into species biology, population ecology, and drivers of the evolution of voltinism. This chapter examines voltinism across crustacean taxa, with a focus on mysids as an informative model taxon that exhibits a broad range of life pattern diversity. Voltinism, which describes the number of generations per year for population or species, can be measured as generation time and is shaped by multiple environmental factors, including temperature, latitude, salinity, and depth. Generation time also varies with important biological traits, such as body size, life span, and maturation size and age. I discuss the relationships between voltinism and life history strategies, and the influence of voltinism on adaptative plasticity of species and their populations. Many factors shape evolution of voltinism, including fitness components such as survival, reproduction, and dispersal, as well as tradeoffs among age and size at maturity, reproductive investment, and lifespan. I highlight the importance of voltinism for population modeling in crustaceans, and for understanding regional differences in voltinism. Studies comparing and contrasting voltinism will be critical to better understand how climate change, strong habitat modifications, pollution, and invasive species will impact crustacean populations and their dependent communities.
The Background
Authors: Schultz Celia E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage by sketching the political landscape of Rome in the mid-first century bce and laying out what can be known of Fulvia’s family. Attention is paid to the deepening divisions within Roman politics (equestrians vs. the senate, optimates vs. populists) and the formation of the so-called First Triumvirate. The chapter considers the possibility that Fulvia’s mother, Sempronia, is to be identified with the Catilinarian conspirator of the same name, and it addresses the question of whether Fulvia’s image appears on several Roman coins. The chapter describes what life was like for a young girl in an aristocratic Roman household and how Fulvia’s first marriage likely came about.
Temperance and Self-Determination in the British Isles
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Part II of the book (Chapters 5–8) examines the British Empire, with Chapter 5 focusing on liquor and imperialism within the British Isles, where temperance movement first took hold in the periphery of Scotland and Ireland. The chapter explores the colonizer’s alcohol narrative in Ireland, used to justify the domination of Britain’s “first colony.” In the 1840s, Fr. Theobald Mathew’s wildly popular Irish temperance movement quickly fused with the cause of Irish nationalism, thanks to Daniel O’Connell. With the advent of “Maine Law” prohibitionism, everyone from John Stuart Mill to Karl Marx contributed to debates over alcohol control and prohibition. Intertwined with Irish Home Rule, British prohibitionism crested in 1895 and then gave way to Gothenburg alcohol control and pub reform, especially with World War I. Similar imperial dynamics of alco-colonization are noted in Britain’s other white settler colonies: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Liquor and the Ethnic Cleansing of North America
Authors: Schrad Mark Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 10 continues the focus on Native American temperance by highlighting the tension between US government goodwill and fair trade with native tribes on the one hand, and predatory capitalists—including John Jacob Astor’s American Fur Company—who used liquor to subjugate the tribes on the other. William Clark (of Lewis and Clark fame) became an important mediator in this conflict between native pleas for prohibition and white profits. The role of distancing from predatory white liquor traders gives new perspectives on the Trail of Tears in the South, while the role of disputes over illegal white liquor peddling initiated the Black Hawk War to the North. As native tribes both north and south were relocated to the unsettled lands west of the Missouri and Arkansas territories, they found unscrupulous liquor dealers—including American Fur—waiting to take their tribal annuities in exchange for addictive liquor.
Why Social Media Matter
Authors: Vaccari Cristian , Valeriani Augusto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To understand how social media can contribute to political participation, research must first investigate the extent to which individuals experience political content on these platforms. Second, we need to understand whether and how these experiences and their effects differ among different types of users—such as those with different levels of political involvement and different ideological preferences. Finally, we need to know how these relationships are shaped by systemic factors that vary across countries—such as patterns of electoral competition, characteristics of media systems, and the strength of party organizations. The theoretical framework presented in this chapter overcomes three theoretical and empirical fallacies that have limited researchers’ ability to understand the relationship between social media and political participation. These fallacies inaccurately suggest that platforms’ affordances are a destiny that inevitably shapes outcomes, that the effects of social media are uniform among different groups of users rather than varying based on their specific characteristics, and that contextual features and systemic factors do not play any relevant role.
Does Context Matter?
Authors: Vaccari Cristian , Valeriani Augusto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Systemic features can play a relevant role in shaping the relationship between political experiences on social media and political participation. The positive relationship between exposure to supportive political content on social media and participation is stronger in countries with majoritarian patterns of political competition than in countries with proportional dynamics. The positive relationship between being targeted by electoral mobilization on social media and participation is stronger in party-centric political systems than in candidate-centric ones. By contrast, the relationship between accidental exposure to news on social media and participation does not vary across different types of media systems. The fact that some features of political systems moderate the relationship between political experiences on social media and participation highlights that comparative research can help us understand how contextual characteristics that vary across countries shape the political implications of social media.
Armies of Arabia
Authors: Barany Zoltan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Armies of Arabia—the first book to comprehensively analyze the Gulf monarchies’ militaries—Zoltan Barany explains the conspicuous ineffectiveness of these forces with a combination of political-structural and sociocultural factors. Based on over 150 personal interviews and meticulous multidisciplinary research, he offers a fascinating account of Arabia’s armies starting with Ibn Saud’s conquest of much of the peninsula and ending with the ongoing war in Yemen. He explores the ruling families’ role overseeing their militaries to ensure their loyalty and examines the backgrounds and career trajectories of soldiers and officers. Barany argues that Arabia’s armies remain ineffective because they are characterized by an absence of meritocracy, the domination of personal connections over institutional norms, disregard for personal responsibility, half-hearted leadership, casual work ethic, and training lacking intensity, frequency, and up-to-date settings. Massive expenditures on armaments are primarily payoffs to the United States for protecting them and have resulted in bloated arsenals and large-scale corruption. The setbacks of the Saudi-led coalition’s disastrous war in Yemen starkly illustrate the Gulf armies’ humiliating combat record. The book concludes with thoughts on waste (of human potential, resources, institutions) as a dominant theme of Gulf military affairs, considers likely changes in response to long-term weakening demand for oil, and suggests ways in which the effectiveness of Arabia’s armies could be raised. Chock-full of insights and stories from the field and written with a general audience in mind, Armies of Arabia is essential reading for anyone interested in military affairs and Middle Eastern politics, society, and international relations.
Introduction
Authors: Barany Zoltan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This section sets the scene for the book explaining the project’s origin and motivation and examines the scant literature on the subject. It poses the study’s central research question: how can we account for the Gulf militaries’ ineffectiveness despite their privileged material endowments? The Introduction then describes the key differences and similarities between the armies of Arab republics and monarchies. The political-structural and sociocultural variables that help explain the Gulf armies’ weaknesses are discussed, noting differences from and agreements with other key studies. The rest of this section briefly outlines the study’s historical institutionalist approach, discusses its sources, terminology, and timeframe, and offers a roadmap for the book.
Military Economy
Authors: Barany Zoltan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 is concerned with economic issues and is divided into three parts. The objective of the first is to comparatively analyze the six GCC states’ military expenditures. It begins with a brief review of contemporary Gulf economies, then compares the six monarchies’ defense outlays. The next section focuses on questions of weapons acquisition: how, from whom, what, and for what reason do they purchase—corresponding to the political-structural explanatory variables outlined above. The absence of substantive oversight engenders corruption in weapons deals and its effects on the militaries. In the last part the attention shifts to the Gulf armies’ arsenals, as I look at the issue of the compatibility of weapons with missions, the curious neglect of naval forces, and offer a brief discussion on maintenance and facilities. Finally, a relatively new development, the build-up of indigenous defense industries in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, is comparatively appraised.
Military Diplomacy
Authors: Barany Zoltan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The armies of Arabia depend on foreign countries in many respects—as a source of protection, contract soldiers, and armaments—therefore, it is important take a closer look at their external relations. Chapter 5 begins with an analysis of the GCC, asking why it has failed to foster close military cooperation and examining the special relationships and deepening conflicts within the group. Since the Gulf’s militaries’ relations with all world regions could not possibly be tackled, the focus here is on Arab and Muslim states in the Middle East. The discussion of Gulf relations with the United States and the United Kingdom centers on the military bases they have used and maintained in Arabia. Israel has always occupied a unique place in the foreign affairs of Gulf countries; therefore, the last section of the chapter is taken up with the examination of the changing relationship between Jerusalem and the GCC.
Toy Town
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the emergence of the musical comedy. Musical comedy was invented by George Edwardes, famed for being the manager of the Gaiety Theatre. Therefore, the dawn of musical comedy became known as the Gaiety Era. This was a period that lasted roughly from the 1890s to about 1915. Interestingly, though, Edwardes' first such production, In Town (1892), did not quite fit in with this new genre. In Town, was a hit, lasting some thirty-five weeks. Next, A Gaiety Girl (1893) was a smash at 413 performances, and this one at least had a plot. It soon became a favorite on the English-speaking musical comedy scene and was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic. The chapter then considers the move toward the modern story musical, looking at librettist Owen Hall, who wrote the books for two of the most successful Edwardian shows: The Geisha (1896) and Leslie Stuart's Florodora (1899).