bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a New Clinical Prognosis Prediction Model for Metabolism in Cancer Patients
Authors: Tang Huazhen , Yang Zhenpeng , Sun Xibo , Lu Shuai , Wang Bing , Zhao Wanni , Zhang Bingdong , Wang Xin , Zhang Zhanzhi , Jia Pingping , Wen Lina , Deng Li , Gao Nana , Rao Benqiang , Shi Hanping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as an important feature of cancer, and the metabolism-related indexes are closely related to prognosis. Therefore, we develop and verify a large sample clinical prediction model to predict the prognosis in patients with solid tumors.Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on a primary cohort of 5006 patients with solid tumor from INSCOC database. A total of 1720 cancer patients treated at the Fujian Cancer Hospital was used to form the validation cohort. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to test the independent significance of different factors and then establish the model. The prediction model was simplified into a nomogram to predict the 1-, 3-and 5-year OS rates. To determine the discriminatory and predictive accuracy capacity of the model, the C-index and calibration curve were evaluated.Results: Multivariate analysis indicated that age, smoking history, tumor stage, tumor metastasis, PGSGA score, FBG, NLR, ALB, TG, and HDL-C were independent factors. Moreover, the nomogram combining the score and clinical parameters can predict patient survival accurately.Conclusions: Clinical indicators based on metabolism reprogramming coould well fit and predict the prognosis of cancer patients, and could provide assistance for the individual treatment of tumor patients in the clinic.
Environmental costs of political instability in Pakistan: policy options for clean energy consumption and environment
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Tayyab , Majeed Muhammad Tariq , Shaikh Parvez Ahmed , Andlib Zubaria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using time-series data of Pakistan from 1990 to 2019, this study explores the asymmetric effects of political instability on clean energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The results from the traditional ARDL model show that political stability lessens environmental damage by reducing CO2 emissions in the long run. However, when we used the nonlinear ARDL approach we found that political instability reduces the consumption of clean energy but also leads to damage environmental quality in long run in Pakistan. While political stability increases the consumption of clean energy but also helps to improve environmental quality in the short run in Pakistan. Thus, macroeconomic policies to promote expansion in clean energy consumption will directly stimulate green economic growth and environmental quality.
The Relation Between Prenatal Stress, Overweight and Obesity in Children Diagnosed According to BMI and Percentage Fat Tissue.
Authors: Bryl Ewa , Hanć Tomasz , Szcześniewska Paula , Dutkiewicz Agata , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika , Agnieszka Słopień 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOverweight and obesity in children have a negative impact not only on the physical development but also on the mental health of children. That is why researchers are constantly looking for possible causes of such high frequency of this phenomenon. One of the environmental factors contributing to abnormal weight changes in children may be maternal exposure to adverse environmental factors during pregnancy, which in previous studies led to inconclusive results showing both overweight and obesity and underweight in children. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between prenatal stress and body weight status. MethodsThe cohort study included 254 girls and 276 boys. Information on prenatal stress was collected with a questionnaire completed by a parent/guardian of a 6–12-year-old child. We assessed the body mass status on the basis of BMI according to the IOTF criterion and on the basis of body fat according to McCarthy criterion. ResultsThe results of our study show that the prenatal stress was related to increased risk of overweight (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.25-3.65) diagnosed on the basis of body fat cut-off points, but not when the BMI was a diagnostic criterion (OR 1.03, 95%CI:0.58-1.83). ConclusionThe method of diagnosis based on the fat content appears to be an indicator of the occurrence of abnormalities in body composition due to prenatal stress more sensitive than that based on the BMI. Level of evidence: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies
New Laccase-Mediated System Utilized for Bio-Discoloration of Indigo-Dyed Denim Fabrics
Authors: Sarafpour Mojtaba , Alihosseini Farzaneh , Bayat Maryam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, indigo-dyed denim fabric was decolorized by washing and printing with separate and simultaneous applications of laccase enzyme, sodium hydrosulfite, and cellulase enzyme. In this regard, the surface reflectance and color coordinates of the discolored fabrics were analyzed, and SEM photographs of the treated fabrics were prepared to analyze their surfaces. Finally, the effects of the discoloration process and materials on various parameters of the treated samples were investigated, including moisture content, creaserecovery angle, air permeability, and abrasion resistance. The color experiments showed that the discoloration mechanism with the combined use of laccase enzyme, sodium hydrosulfite, and cellulose enzyme had a significant effect on the improvement of the lightness (L*) of the samples, as the lightness of the treated samples was improved by 101.18 percent and 55.79 percent in both printing and washing, respectively. Furthermore, examination of specimen color coordinates revealed that the hue of the treated samples was changed to blue and green, and the purity of color (C*) was improved. The increased moisture content and air permeability of the treated specimens suggested that the comfort of the jeans clothing provided by these treatment methods had improved. As a result, it should be noted that the mediating action of sodium hydrosulfite was significantly influential for discoloration of denim with the laccase enzyme.
BDE-209 Becreases the Efficacy of Dacarbazine Treatment for Melanoma in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Manuitt-Brito Patricia , de Souza Tugstênio Lima , Neto Francisco Filipak , Leão-Buchir Joelma , Biscaia Stellee Marcela Petris , Trindade Edvaldo da Silva , Ribeiro Ciro Alberto de Oliveira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Humans are widely exposed to environmental chemical toxicants potentially related to disease susceptibility. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) present a proven risk associated with cancer, but no studies are related with the tumor progression. The decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a flame-retardant detected in human plasma, breast milk and umbilical cord. Melanoma is a skin cancer with high metastatic potential and poor response to therapies. The use of alkylating agents such as dacarbazine is still a common protocol for the treatment of melanoma, mainly in Brazilian Public Health Care System. Recently, we reported the role of BDE-209 on the incidence of melanoma metastasis in different organs of mice after inoculation of B16-F10 cells. In the current study, we describe the effects of BDE-209 on dacarbazine treatment for melanoma. Adult male and female C57BL6 mice were exposed to BDE-209 for 45 days, inoculated with B16-F10 cells and treated with dacarbazine for 21 days (five doses of 40 mg.kg− 1). At 66th day, the animals were euthanized, and the blood, lung, liver, kidney and brain were sampled for hematological, biochemical and metastasis counting analyses. The results showed a decrease of lung metastases in animals treated with dacarbazine and a significant increase in mice previously exposed to BDE-209. Foremost, BDE-209 impaired dacarbazine treatment. These findings demonstrate the effect of BDE-209 and the decreased efficacy of dacarbazine treatment, favoring cancer progression and affecting the disease prognosis.
Chemical Versus Mechanical and Chemical Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Neurocritically Ill Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Alshaya Abdulrahman , Alyahya Hayaa , Alzoman Reema , Faden Rawa , Alshaya Omar , AlSulaiman Khalid , Alanazi Faisal , Aldekhyl Sara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients admitted with neurocritical illness are presumed to be at high risk for venothromboembolism (VTE). The administration of chemical and/or mechanical VTE prophylaxis is a common practice in critically ill patients. Recent data did not show a significant difference in the incidence of VTE between chemical compared to chemical and mechanical VTE prophylaxis in critically ill patients with limited data in neurocritically ill population. The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of VTE between chemical alone compared to chemical and mechanical VTE prophylaxis in neurocritically ill patients. This was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary teaching hospital. Data were obtained from electronic medical records for all patients admitted with neurocritical illness from 1/1/2016 to 1/12/2020. Patients were excluded if they did not receive VTE prophylaxis during admission or were younger than 18 YO. Major outcomes were symptomatic VTE based on clinical and radiological findings, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. Minor outcomes included severe or life-threatening bleeding based on GUSTO criteria, and mortality at 28-days. Results: Two hundred and twelve patients were included in this study. Patients did not have any significant differences in their baseline characteristics. The incidence of VTE was not different between chemical only compared to chemical and mechanical VTE prophylaxis groups (19/166 (11.3%) vs 7/46 (15.2%); P=0.49. No difference between groups in their ICU LOS 6 [3 – 16.2] vs 6.5 [3 – 19]; P=0.52, nor their mortality (18/166 (10.7%) vs 3/46 (6.5%); P=0.38, respectively. Less bleeding events were seen in the chemical prophylaxis group compared to the combined VTE prophylaxis group (19/166 (11.3%) vs 12/46 (26.1%); P= 0.013. Conclusion: Our findings observed no difference between the administration of chemical prophylaxis alone compared to combined VTE prophylaxis in neurocritically ill patients. More data are needed to confirm this finding with more robust methodology.
Vanadium Extraction from Korean Vanadiferous Titanomagnetite Ore Using Alkali Roasting: Evaluation of Optimal Conditions and Leaching Rate
Authors: kim Youngjae , Yoo Junsoo , Park Hyunsik , Jeon Ho-seok , Han Yosep 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The extraction process of vanadium from vanadiferous titanomagnetite ore deposited in Korea was investigated by combining alkali roasting and water leaching processes. The effect of Na2CO3 addition on the efficiency with which the vanadium could be leached was investigated along with an X-ray diffraction analysis. When more than 30-wt% Na2CO3 was added at 1273 K, a vanadium leaching efficiency of approximately 70% was achieved. The minimum alkali-roasting temperature was determined to be 1273 K with the addition of 30-wt% Na2CO3. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the formation of the liquidus phase of Na2CO3 enhanced the reaction between the vanadium in the concentrate and sodium, resulting in a higher leaching efficiency for vanadium being attained. The thermodynamic calculation results were indirectly supported by the characteristic temperature determination through hot-stage microscope analysis. After 30 min of thermal treatment, a leaching efficiency for vanadium of 75% was achieved, which remained constant as the thermal treatment time was increased. Finally, the effects of the leaching time and temperature on the efficiency with which vanadium and other impurities, namely, aluminum, silicon, and sodium, could be leached was analyzed by varying the leaching time. A higher leaching efficiency was attained at higher temperatures. The leaching rate of vanadium decreased considerably after 10–20 min and subsequently remained almost constant.
Baclofen-Associated Neurophysiologic Target Engagement Across Species in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Jonak Carrie R. , Pedapati Ernest V. , Schmitt Lauren M. , Assad Samantha A. , Sandhu Manbir S. , DeStefano Lisa , Ethridge Lauren , Razak Khaleel A. , Sweeney John A. , Binder Devin K. , Erickson Craig A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of neurodevelopmental disability. It is often characterized, especially in males, by intellectual disability, anxiety, repetitive behavior, social communication deficits, delayed language development and abnormal sensory processing. Recently, we identified electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers that are conserved between the mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 KO mice) and humans with FXS. Methods: In this report, we evaluate small molecule target engagement utilizing multielectrode array electrophysiology in the Fmr1 KO mouse and in humans with FXS. Neurophysiologic target engagement was evaluated using single doses of the GABAB selective agonist racemic baclofen (RBAC). Results: In Fmr1 KO mice and in humans with FXS, baclofen use was synchronously associated with suppression of elevated gamma power and increase in theta power at rest. In the Frm1 KO mice, a baclofen-associated improvement in auditory chirp synchronization was also noted. Conclusions: Overall, we noted synchronized target engagement of RBAC on resting state electrophysiology, in particular the reduction of aberrant high frequency gamma activity, across species in FXS. This finding holds promise for translational medicine approaches to drug development for FXS, synchronizing treatment study across species using well-established EEG biological markers in this field. Trial Registration: The human experiments are registered under NCT02998151.
The Expression of Interleukin-1β is Regulated by DNA Methylation in Microglia to Mediate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Mice
Authors: Gao Yin , Yang Li , Yang Xiu , Hao Jing-Ru , Shen Xiao-Ran , Wang Hu-Yi , Li Xu , Liu Yue-Ying , Liu Le , Tong Kun , You Yue , Chen Di-Shi , Sun Nan , Gao Can 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication in elderly individuals. Neuroinflammation is closely related to its occurrence. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying this link is undetermined. This study aimed to establish a mouse model of POCD to explore the role of DNA methylation in regulating the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which mediates the occurrence of POCD in aged mice. The POCD model was established by exploratory laparotomy and evaluated by novel object and Y-maze tests. We also assessed IL-1β production in the dorsal hippocampus and the expression of the DNA methylation-related proteins DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b), and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Methylation specific PCR (MSP), methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and DNA methylation sequencing in IL-1β promoter were used to explore the regulation of IL-1β by DNA methylation in this model. Finally, Golgi-Cox staining and Western blotting were used to further explore the role and potential mechanisms of IL-1β in POCD. Cognitive impairment was observed in aged but not adult mice. In aged mice, the microglia cells in the dorsal hippocampus were activated, while the DNA methylation in the IL-1β promoter was decreased. Interestingly, the global DNA methylation in the dorsal hippocampus was unchanged. IL-1β inhibition prevented surgery-induced cognitive decline and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity. Overall, these results indicated that DNA methylation regulation of IL-1β expression may be an important mechanism increasing the susceptibility to POCD.
Zinc removal from highly acidic and sulfate-rich wastewater in horizontal sub-surface constructed wetland
Authors: Singh Shweta , Chakraborty Saswati 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study demonstrated the successful use of a laboratory-scale baffled horizontal constructed wetland substituted with mixed organic media for zinc removal from high acidity (∼610 mg L−1 as CaCO3), sulfate-rich (∼1,300 mg L−1) wastewater. The wetland was planted with Typha latifolia. The mean zinc concentration in the influent was gradually increased from 0.56 ± 0.02 mg L−1 to 5.3 ± 0.42 mg L−1. The mean zinc concentration in the outflow was 0.22 ± 0.19 mg L−1, which accounted for 95% zinc removal throughout the study. However, total zinc uptake by the plants was 533 mg kg−1, accounting for only 1.2% of total zinc removal; therefore, major zinc retention occurred within wetland media (83%). The overall activity and specific sulfidogenic activity decreased at the end of the study to 1.43 mg chemical oxygen demand removed per mg of TVS per day and 0.60 mg sulfate reduced per mg of TVS per day, respectively. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed major dominant phyla present: Firmicutes (36%), Proteobacteria (16%), Actinobacteria (8.8%), Planctomycetes (7.8%), Chloroflexi (3.5%), Acidobacteria (1.9%) and Fibrobacteres (1.5%).
Screening of Synthetic Heterocyclic Compounds as Antiplatelet Drugs
Authors: Mladěnka Přemysl , Brahmachari Goutam , Hrubša Marcel , Nurjamal Khondekar , Carazo Alejandro , Nayek Nayana , Karlíčková Jana , Applová Lenka , Karmakar Indrajit , Parvin Shamima , Fadraersada Jaka , Macáková Kateřina 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Antiplatelet drugs represent the keystone in the treatment and prevention of
diseases of ischemic origin, including coronary artery disease. The current palette of drugs represents
efficient modalities in most cases, but their effect can be limited in certain situations or associated
with specific side effects. In this study, representatives of compounds selected from series having
scaffolds with known or potential antiplatelet activity were tested. These compounds were previously
synthetized by us, but their biological effects have not yet been reported.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the antiplatelet and anticoagulation properties of
selected compounds and determine their mechanism of action.

Methods:
Antiplatelet activity of compounds and their mechanisms of action were evaluated using
human blood by impedance aggregometry and various aggregation inducers and inhibitors and compared
to appropriate standards. Cytotoxicity was tested using breast adenocarcinoma cell cultures and
potential anticoagulation activity was also determined.

Results:
In total, four of 34 compounds tested were equally or more active than the standard antiplatelet
drug Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA). In contrast to ASA, all 4 active compounds decreased
platelet aggregation triggered not only by collagen, but also partly by ADP. The major mechanism of
action is based on antagonism at thromboxane receptors. In higher concentrations, inhibition of
thromboxane synthase was also noted. In contrast to ASA, the tested compounds did not block cyclooxygenase-
1.

Conclusion:
The most active compound, 2-amino-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-nitro-4H-chromene-3-
carbonitrile (2-N), which is 4-5x times more potent than ASA, is a promising compound for the development
of novel antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical Pattern and Causality Assessment of Drug-induced Cutaneous
Reactions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Prospective Study
Authors: James Jerin , Mohamed Althab B. , Hussain Fayaz S. , Rani Jamuna , Varadarajan Sathyanarayanan 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are common and pose a serious
challenge to physicians, especially in cases when the patient has many comorbidities, is polypharmacy,
or self-administers over-the-counter medications.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical pattern and incidence of cutaneous
ADRs and perform causality assessment using the WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo’s scale. The
severity of the reactions was determined by the Hartwig scale.

Method:
This was conducted as a prospective observational study in patients admitted to SRM
Medical College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India, between November 2016 to August 2018 after
obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee clearance of all adverse drug reactions reported at the
hospital.

Results:
Of the 158 ADRs reported during the time period, 101 were cutaneous ADRs, of which
the most common presentation was maculopapular rash (n=42; 41.58%). The most common drugs
which produced cutaneous adverse reactions were antimicrobials (n=58; 57.42%) followed by
NSAIDs (n=35; 34.6%). The causality assessment as per the Naranjo scale yielded 3.96% (4) cases
as definite, 81.18% (82) as probable, and 14.85% (15) as possible, whereas the WHO scale yielded
9 (89.10%) certain, 64 (63.36%) probable and 28 (27.72%) possible cases. The severity of the cases
determined as per the Hartwig scale yielded 82.17% cases as mild and 17.82% as moderate.

Conclusion:
It is important to recognise the ADRs at the right time and exert caution in future use.
This can minimise harm to the patient both physically and financially and improve the outcome of
the treatment.
Exploring Phytochemicals from Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Novel Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Saini Nidhi , Lather Viney , Gahlawat Suresh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Over-prescription of medicines leads to some crucial health issues like resistance, non-specificity, etc.
Therefore, a human consumes various natural foods, therapeutics, and nutritional supplements to combat this problem.
Various therapeutic properties of secondary metabolites, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties,
are important in drug discovery and medicinal application. These natural products have replaced synthetic materials,
resulting in a great deal of sustainability, rational use, and preservation of biodiversity. This review described the
potential therapeutic applications of secondary plant metabolites found in Himalayan Indian plants. The database contains
45 plants to treat various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. Besides authorized
ITIS names, it includes Hindi names, family names, and active constituents. The most important information about the
molecules can be found in the hyperlinks for the active constituents. It includes structures (two-dimensional and threedimensional),
names and identifiers, chemical and physical properties, spectral information, biochemistry, literature
and patents. The review also references various phytochemicals responsible for preventing COVID-19. Despite several
challenges in manufacturing natural products, researchers may conduct research to produce successful medicines with
few side effects.