bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Compliance of Healthcare Providers to Care Bundles in a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh Region
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Haseeb Abdul , Khan Amer H. 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to describe the compliance rate of healthcare providers to care bundles in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh Region. The overall compliance rate of hand hygiene was low (less than 80%). The overall compliance rates of urinary catheter bundle, central line insertion bundle, and central line maintenance bundle were high (more than 95 %). The compliance rate to SSI bundle, ventilator bundle, safe injection practice, and using personal protective equipment was high. It is important to increase the compliance rate of the care bundles elements to 95 percent or greater, particularly the compliance to hand hygiene to improve patient care.
Overview on Causes and Updated Management of Favism
Authors: Sheikh Mohammed Hussen , Hazazi Ahlam Shary J. , Alanazi Ashwaq Nafea O. , Hazazi Ibtisam Shary J. , Qaysi Amal Abutaleb M. , Alali Yara Abdulrahman , Alshehri Badaya Awadh M. , Almutari Ohoud Abdullah , Bedaiwi Rawan Hamdi , Alatawi Rawan Hamoud M. , Alqarni Rahf Mohammed , Alharbi Alanoud Abdullah , Alshehri Rawan Ahmed H. , Alrashidi Rinad Rasheed M. , Al Balawi Mona Awad O. 
Published: November 2021

Favism is most common in those who have G6PD deficiency from the Mediterranean region. As hemolytic anaemia is the most common complication of G6PD deficiency, and it can be life-threatening in certain people. Infection, hyperglycemia, certain meals, and certain drugs can all cause hemolysis therefore, the most prevalent enzymopathy is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which affects an estimated 400 million individuals, globally. Exposure to some medicines might cause hemolytic anaemia. The most important management technique is to avoid oxidative stresses by avoiding a hemolytic crisis. Also, avoidance of exposure to food and medicines that causes hemolytic anaemia episodes
This review looks at etiology, epidemiology, pathopysiology, evaluation and management of the disease.
Pilot Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Pharmacy Refill Data
Authors: Sun Kai , Eudy Amanda M. , Rogers Jennifer L. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Sadun Rebecca E. , Doss Jayanth , Maheswaranathan Mithu , Barr Ann Cameron , Eder Lena , Corneli Amy L. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Clowse Megan E. B. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveDespite high rates of medication nonadherence among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), effective interventions to improve adherence in SLE are limited. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a pilot intervention and explore its effect on adherence.MethodsThe intervention used pharmacy refill data to monitor nonadherence and prompt discussions surrounding SLE medications during clinic encounters. Over 12 weeks, the intervention was delivered through routine clinic visits by providers to patients with SLE who take SLE‐specific medications. We measured acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility using provider surveys. We also measured acceptability by patient surveys and feasibility by medical record documentation. We explored change in adherence by comparing percent of patients with medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥80% 3 months before and after the intervention visit using the McNemar's test.ResultsSix rheumatologists participated; 130 patients were included in the analysis (median age 43, 95% female, and 59% racial and ethnic minorities). Implementation of the intervention was documented in 89% of clinic notes. Provider surveys showed high scores for feasibility (4.7/5), acceptability (4.4/5), and appropriateness (4.6/5). Among patient surveys, the most common reactions to the intervention visit were feeling determined (32%), empowered (32%), and proud (19%). Proportion of patients with MPR ≥80% increased from 48% to 58% (P = 0.03) after the intervention visit.ConclusionOur intervention showed feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness and led to a statistically significant improvement in adherence. Future work should refine the intervention, assess its efficacy in a controlled setting, and adapt its use among other clinic settings.
Long‐Term Mortality of Patients With Osteoarthritis After Joint Replacement: Prognostic Value of Preoperative and Postoperative Pain and Function
Authors: Klimek Matthias , Büchele Gisela , Rehm Martin , Beyersmann Jan , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Brenner Hermann , Stürmer Til , Brenner Rolf E. , Rothenbacher Dietrich 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether osteoarthritis (OA)‐specific assessment values (i.e., Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) and generic pain and function (visual analog scale, Hanover Functionality Status Questionnaire) measured before and 12 months after arthroplasty are associated with the risk of long‐term mortality in a cohort of patients with advanced OA of the hip or knee.MethodsThe Ulm Osteoarthritis Study was a prospective cohort study of OA patients with unilateral total hip or knee replacement between January 1995 and December 1996. Correlation coefficients were calculated to describe the agreement between the different assessments. Mortality was assessed during the follow‐up period (last update July 2019). Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality after adjusting for covariates.ResultsArthroplasty was accompanied by a clear reduction in pain and improved function throughout all assessments in the 706 included patients. The results of the adjusted Cox models showed no relationship between baseline and follow‐up joint‐specific WOMAC assessments and long‐term mortality. However, an independent increased risk of mortality was found with generic function assessments. In the final adjusted model, the HR for the 12‐month follow‐up value was 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.24–2.60) in the group with clinically relevant impairment versus the reference group.ConclusionPoor function based on the generic assessment was associated with increased long‐term mortality, suggesting that functional impairments in daily life activities may be more important for long‐term survival than OA‐specific impairments in this patient group.
Nanoframes of Co3O4–Mo2N Heterointerfaces Enable High‐Performance Bifunctionality toward Both Electrocatalytic HER and OER
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Pengyan , Zang Wenjie , Li Xin , Chen Ding , Kou Zongkui , Mu Shichun , Wang John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterfacial engineering of heterostructured catalysts has attracted great interest in enabling both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER), by fine tuning of the interfacial geometry and electronic structures. However, they are not well structured for high‐performing bifunctionalities, largely due to the confined single particle morphologies, where the exposed surfaces and interfaces are limited. Herein, a hollow nanoframing strategy is purposely devised for interconnected Co3O4–Mo2N heterostructures that are designed with interfacial charge transfer from Mo2N to Co3O4, as rationalized by theoretical calculations and confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It is shown that by the controllable pyrolysis of bimetallic Mo–Co Prussian blue analogue nanoframes (NFs) with an optimal Mo/Co ratio, the desired nanoframes of Co3O4–Mo2N heterostructure are successfully formed. The as‐synthesized Co3O4–Mo2N NFs not only inherit the functionalities of individual components and the electrolyte‐accessible nanoframe structure, and they also give an ideal heterointerface with strong electron interaction and favorable H2O/H* adsorption energies, leading to a remarkable enhancement in bifunctional catalytic activities (i.e., 12.9‐fold and 20‐fold higher current density under the 300 mV overpotential, as compared to the single‐phased Co3O4 NFs alone toward HER and OER, respectively), while remaining a robust stability.
Biocompatible Materials Enabled by Biobased Production of Pyomelanin Isoforms Using an Engineered Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Miller Kelly K. , Springthorpe Sarah K. , Imbrogno Jennifer , Walker David J. F. , Gadiyar Shruti , Keitz Benjamin K. , Ellington Andrew D. , Lynd Nathaniel A. , Alper Hal S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelanin‐like compounds have been studied in recent years for their electron transport and ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance properties as well as applications as functional, biocompatible catalysts, and material additives. Pyomelanin is a unique form of melanin compounds that has not received significant attention. Here, a strain of Yarrowia lipolytica suitable for the production of nearly 2.8 g L−1 of homogentisic acid (HGA) is metabolically engineered, which can then be oxidized to form pyomelanin either in situ or through altering pH. By using this biosourced material, a series of material traits including spectral analysis/UV–vis absorbance properties, electronic and metal interaction/chelation properties, and effectiveness in polymer dispersions with poly(l‐lactide) are evaluated. In all cases, biosourced pyomelanin performs on par with or better than a chemically sourced analog. In a performance application, it is explored how pyomelanin may be blended at low concentrations to increase the elasticity of a rigid commercial polymer. Collectively, this work establishes biosourced pyomelanin as a versatile compound for unique material applications.
Fe(III)‐Shikonin Supramolecular Nanomedicine for Combined Therapy of Tumor via Ferroptosis and Necroptosis
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Shi Wanrui , Liu Shuwei , Liu Huiwen , Liu Yi , Ge Pengfei , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost of the antitumor chemotherapeutic drugs execute the therapeutic performance upon eliciting tumor cell apoptosis, which may cause chemoresistance of tumors. Design of novel drugs to eradicate apoptosis‐resistant tumors via non‐apoptotic cell death pathways is promising for improving the long‐term chemotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, a Fe(III)‐Shikonin metal‐polyphenol‐coordinated supramolecular nanomedicine for combined therapy of tumor via ferroptosis and necroptosis is designed. The construction of the nanomedicine based on the coordinated self‐assembly between Fe3+ and Shikonin not only overcomes the shortcomings of Shikonin including its low bioavailability and high toxicity toward normal tissues, but also integrates the theranostics functions of Fe ions. Under the exposure of the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, the as‐prepared nanomedicine will disassemble into Fe2+ and Shikonin, followed by stimulating the tumor cell death through ferroptosis and necroptosis. In addition, benefiting from the stealth effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the targeting ability of cyclo(Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐d‐Phe‐Lys) (cRGD) to αvβ3‐integrin, NH2‐PEG‐cRGD‐modified nanomedicine exhibits a GSH‐responsive therapy toward 4T1 tumor in vivo and self‐enhanced longitudinal relaxation (T1)‐weighted imaging property. Since the self‐assembly of natural Shikonin and human body‐necessary Fe element is facile and feasible, the work may provide a promising supramolecular nanomedicine for next‐generation chemotherapeutic applications.
Multifunctional Biomedical Materials Derived from Biological Membranes
Authors: Wang Yuemin , Xu Xinyuan , Chen Xingyu , Li Jianshu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe delicate structure and fantastic functions of biological membranes are the successful evolutionary results of a long‐term natural selection process. Their excellent biocompatibility and biofunctionality are widely utilized to construct multifunctional biomedical materials mainly by directly camouflaging materials with single or mixed biological membranes, decorating or incorporating materials with membrane‐derived vesicles (e.g., exosomes), and designing multifunctional materials with the structure/functions of biological membranes. Here, the structure–function relationship of some important biological membranes and biomimetic membranes are discussed, such as various cell membranes, extracellular vesicles, and membranes from bacteria and organelles. Selected literature examples of multifunctional biomaterials derived from biological membranes for biomedical applications, such as drug‐ and gene‐delivery systems, tissue‐repair scaffolds, bioimaging, biosensors, and biological detection, are also highlighted. These designed materials show excellent properties, such as long circulation time, disease‐targeted therapy, excellent biocompatibility, and selective recognition. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical applications of biological‐membrane‐derived materials are discussed.
The Integration of Sensing and Actuating based on a Simple Design Fiber Actuator towards Intelligent Soft Robots
Authors: Liao Wei , Yang Zhongqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegration of multiple functions into a simple unit can simplify the device design and facilitate the miniaturization and portability of soft robots. Actuating and sensing functions are the basis of soft robots to interact with the environment. In this work, a modified melt‐spinning method is used to produce liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers with a hollow structure and fill the core with liquid metal (LM) to construct LCE–LM coaxial fibers with integrated sensing and actuation functions. The inner LM generates Joule heat upon an electrical trigger to actuate the outer LCE shell. When LCE–LM coaxial fibers are actuated or loaded with objects, the deformation of LCE shell forces the inner LM to reform, allowing to sense the motion of the fibers or the mass of objects, by measuring the feedback voltage or resistance change of the inner LM. Benefitting from the material selection and structural design, the LCE–LM coaxial fibers with integrated actuating and sensing capability exhibit large reversible contraction (40%) and reliable durability (5000 cycles for actuation and motion sensing). Finally, a soft three‐arm Delta robot is fabricated to complete object identification, sorting tasks, and in situ monitoring the motion process.
Dynamic Quarter‐Wave Metasurface for Efficient Helicity Inversion of Polarization Beyond the Single‐Layer Conversion Limit
Authors: Kobachi Mitsuki , Miyamaru Fumiaki , Nakanishi Toshihiro , Okimura Kunio , Sanada Atsushi , Nakata Yosuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTerahertz chiral sensing and polarization‐multiplexing communication demand subwavelength devices that dynamically invert polarization helicity. Metasurfaces can enhance anisotropy and fine tunability at subwavelength scales for this purpose. Although metasurfaces enabling deep modulation between orthogonal polarizations have been designed, they suffer from low conversion efficiencies. In this study, it is shown that the efficiency of conversion from linear to circular polarization by conventional single‐layer transmissive metasurfaces cannot exceed a fundamental limit. A dynamic reflective metasurface free from this limitation is then proposed. The device includes multilayer structures working as a terahertz quarter‐wave plate with switchable slow and fast axes. A phase transition of vanadium dioxide induces the necessary structural transformation of the metallic patterns. A practical fabrication method, based on the room‐temperature bonding technique of sapphires, is presented. Dynamic helicity inversion is demonstrated at 0.90 THz, with a conversion efficiency of over 80% that is beyond the fundamental limit of single‐layer transmissive metasurfaces (65%) and more than four times greater than that of previously reported devices.
Fine‐Tuning of Cholesterol Homeostasis Controls Erythroid Differentiation
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Huang Lixia , Li Yanxia , Xu Yan , Zhang Ruihao , Zhou Qian , Sun Qi , Lu Yi , Chen Junjie , Shen Yuemao , Li Jian , Zhao Baobing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLipid metabolism is essential for stemness maintenance, self‐renewal, and differentiation of stem cells, however, the regulatory function of cholesterol metabolism in erythroid differentiation is poorly studied. In the present study, a critical role for cholesterol homeostasis in terminal erythropoiesis is uncovered. The master transcriptional factor GATA1 binds to Sterol‐regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) to downregulate cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to a gradual reduction in intracellular cholesterol levels. It is further shown that reduced cholesterol functions to block erythroid proliferation via the cholesterol/mTORC1/ribosome biogenesis axis, which coordinates cell cycle exit in the late stages of erythroid differentiation. The interaction of GATA1 and SREBP2 also provides a feedback loop for regulating globin expression through the transcriptional control of NFE2 by SREBP2. Importantly, it is shown that disrupting intracellular cholesterol hemostasis resulted in defect of terminal erythroid differentiation in vivo. These findings demonstrate that fine‐tuning of cholesterol homeostasis emerges as a key mechanism for regulating erythropoiesis.
Host/Guest Nanostructured Photoanodes Integrated with Targeted Enhancement Strategies for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Heng , Tu Wenguang , Zhu Xi , Yao Yingfang , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production from water splitting is a green technology that can solve the environmental and energy problems through converting solar energy into renewable hydrogen fuel. The construction of host/guest architecture in semiconductor photoanodes has proven to be an effective strategy to improve solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency dramatically. In host/guest photoanodes, the absorber layer is deposited onto a high‐surface‐area electron collector, resulting in a significant enhancements in light‐harvesting as well as charge collection and separation efficiency. The present review aims to summarize and highlight recent state‐of‐the‐art progresses in the architecture designing of host/guest photoanodes with integrated enhancement strategies, including i) light trapping effect; ii) optimization of conductive host scaffolds; iii) hierarchical structure engineering. The challenges and prospects for the future development of host/guest nanostructured photoanodes are also presented.
Liquid Metal‐Organic Frameworks In‐Situ Derived Interlayer for High‐Performance Solid‐State Na‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Miao Xianguang , Wang Peng , Sun Rui , Li Jiafeng , Wang Zhongxiao , Zhang Tao , Wang Rutao , Li Zhaoqiang , Bai Yujun , Hao Rui , Yin Longwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite recent progress in solid‐state Na‐metal batteries (SSNBs) based on inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), Na dendrite propagation due to interfacial Na+ transport inhomogeneity and heterogeneous Na stripping/plating processes, greatly hinders the improvement of the cycling stability of SSNBs. Herein, the characteristics and propagation mechanism of Na dendrite growth in SSNBs are comprehensively analyzed. Confronted with Na dendrites, a novel strategy is developed to in‐situ modify a SSE surface with a liquid metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) precursor. The interlayer is directly obtained from high‐temperature monophasic liquid MOFs, not interfering with intermediate recrystallization, thus endowing superior uniformity. It can improve interfacial compatibility with the Na‐anode and homogenize e−/Na+ transport kinetics, leading to spatially even Na nucleation and thus a transition of Na deposition behavior from dendrites to a lateral flat‐shape growth tendency. Furthermore, the obtained sodiophilicity interlayer shows isotropous and stable characteristics to alleviate stress/strain and maintain excellent interfacial stability during cycling. Therefore, the assembled Na symmetric batteries demonstrate a top‐level time‐terminated critical current density of 1.0 mA cm−2, and the integrated full cells show a stable cycling performance for 500 cycles at 1 C. The presented liquid MOFs in‐situ derived strategy to suppress dendrites propagation is expected to be promising for other solid‐state batteries.
Investigation on the catalytic combustion of CO over LaMn1‐xCuxO3 promoted by acid treatment
Authors: Wu Qiwei , Zhou Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are large amounts of CO pollutants in the off‐gas of the iron and steel industry, which cause serious harm to the environment and human health. To control the emission of CO more effectively, in this paper, LaMn1‐xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.25) perovskite catalysts were prepared and then modified by dilute nitric acid. And the physicochemical properties and the catalytic activity of perovskite were investigated and analyzed. The activity results indicate that the Cu2+ substitution and acid treatment could obviously promote the catalytic activity of catalysts for CO oxidation. Among the prepared samples, LaMn0.75Cu0.25O3‐H exhibits the highest activity with 90% CO conversion at 176.5°C, and the self‐sustained combustion of CO is successfully achieved. And the long‐time stability test shows that LaMn0.75Cu0.25O3‐H can keep 100% CO conversion, and the activity remains almost unchanged. Combined with the x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) results, the increased activity of LaMn0.75Cu0.25O3‐H catalyst is mainly ascribed to the high concentration of Mn4+ and abundant oxygen vacancies. On the other hand, the morphology of perovskite catalysts was remolded by acid etching, and the formation of the porous structure significantly increases the specific surface area. The above results show that the substitution of Cu and acid treatment for perovskite catalysts is a feasible strategy to improve CO catalytic combustion activity.
Sensitivity improvement for spectrofluorimetric determination of commonly used antifungal drug ‘nystatin’: application for oral suspension
Authors: Attia Tamer Z. , Saied Huda H. , Nour El‐Deen Deena A. M. , Alahmadi Yaser M. , Omar Mahmoud A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two simple, rapid and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods were developed and validated for nystatin determination in its pure form and pharmaceutical dosage form (oral suspension). The first method was based on measuring the nystatin native fluorescence after dilution with isopropyl alcohol at 407 nm (excitation 303 nm). The fluoresence intensity was linearly dependant on the nystatin concentration within the specified range 50–500 ng ml−1. The second was based on micellar enhancement of nystatin fluorescence using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In the presence of 2% w/v SDS, an ~1.9‐fold enhancement could be achieved in the relative fluorescence intensity of nystatin. The linear range for the second method was 20–100 ng ml−1. The limits of quantification and detection were found to be 43.23 ng ml−1 and 14.27 ng ml−1 (Method I), 6.08 ng ml−1 and 2.0 ng ml−1 (Method II). According to percentage recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained, the proposed methods were precise (RSDs were less than 2%), reproducible, and accurate and could be successfully applied for quantitative estimation of nystatin in its dosage form. The statistical results of this method were compared with that of the reported method and showed excellent agreement with respect to accuracy and precision.
A facile protocol for copper‐free palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling in aqueous media
Authors: Jung Da‐Young , Park Soo Youl , Kim Seung‐Hoi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe combination of a readily available palladium catalyst and an eco‐friendly basic aqueous solution of room‐temperature ionic liquid, choline hydroxide (ChOH), was used in a facile protocol alternative to the Sonogashira coupling reaction, alkynylation of aryl halides in the absence of a copper cocatalyst and an external base. The dual nature of ChOH to act as a base and a green solvent played a crucial role in the catalytic cycle. The coupling reaction progressed efficiently to form a CspCsp2 bond under the identified conditions although the reaction outcome depended significantly on the substrates.