bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing Myeloid Netrin-1 Induces Inflammation Resolution and Plaque Regression
Authors: Schlegel Martin , Sharma Monika , Brown Emily J. , Newman Alexandra A.C. , Cyr Yannick , Afonso Milessa Silva , Corr Emma M. , Koelwyn Graeme J. , van Solingen Coen , Guzman Jonathan , Farhat Rubab , Nikain Cyrus A. , Shanley Lianne C. , Peled Daniel , Schmidt Ann Marie , Fisher Edward A. , Moore Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2021

Rationale:
Therapeutic efforts to decrease atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk have focused largely on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, yet lipid-lowering therapies alone are insufficient to fully regress plaque burden. We postulate that arterial repair requires resolution of a maladaptive immune response and that targeting factors that hinder inflammation resolution will facilitate plaque regression.

Objective:
The guidance molecule Ntn1 (netrin-1) is secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, where it sustains inflammation by enhancing macrophage survival and blocking macrophage emigration. We tested whether silencing Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis could resolve arterial inflammation and regress plaques.

Methods and Results:

To temporally silence
Ntn1
in myeloid cells, we generated genetically modified mice in which
Ntn1
could be selectively deleted in monocytes and macrophages using a tamoxifen-induced CX3CR1-driven cre recombinase (
Ntn1
fl/fl
Cx3cr1
creERT2+
) and littermate control mice (
Ntn1
fl/fl
Cx3cr1
WT
). Mice were fed Western diet in the setting of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) overexpression to render them atherosclerotic and then treated with tamoxifen to initiate deletion of myeloid
Ntn1
(Mø
ΔNtn1
) or not in controls (Mø
WT
). Morphometric analyses performed 4 weeks later showed that myeloid Ntn1 silencing reduced plaque burden in the aorta (−50%) and plaque complexity in the aortic root. Monocyte-macrophage tracing experiments revealed lower monocyte recruitment, macrophage retention, and proliferation in Mø
ΔNtn1
compared with Mø
WT
plaques, indicating a restructuring of monocyte-macrophage dynamics in the artery wall upon Ntn1 silencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic immune cells before and after
Ntn1
silencing revealed upregulation of gene pathways involved in macrophage phagocytosis and migration, including the
Ccr7
chemokine receptor signaling pathway required for macrophage emigration from plaques and atherosclerosis regression. Additionally, plaques from Mø
ΔNtn1
mice showed hallmarks of inflammation resolution, including higher levels of proresolving macrophages, IL (interleukin)-10, and efferocytosis, as compared to plaques from Mø
WT
mice.

Conclusion:
Our data show that targeting Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis ameliorates atherosclerotic inflammation and promotes plaque regression.
No Justification for Smith’s Incidentally True Beliefs
Authors: Schramm Alfred 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Edmund Gettier (1963) argued that there can be justified true belief (JTB) that is not knowledge. The correctness of Gettier’s argument is questioned by showing that Smith of his famous examples does not earn justification for his incidentally true beliefs, while a doxastically more conscientious person S would come to hold justified but false beliefs. So, Gettier’s (and analogous) cases do not result in justified and true belief. This is due to a tension between deductive closure of justification and evidential support. For being justified, any believing, disbelieving, or withholding of deductively inferred propositions must be distributed proportionally to given evidential support. This proportionality principle has primacy over deductive closure in case of conflict. Although the author’s argument does not save the JTB-account, it explains why subjects in Gettier situations do not earn knowledge.
The use of hēi diào (‘to turn black’) and its related [V diào] forms in social media
Authors: Chung Siaw-Fong , Shih Meng-Hsien , Liu Hui-Wen , Lee Chi-ling , Chiang Yueh-Hui Vanessa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hēi diào ‘to turn black’ (黑掉) denotes a change-of-state meaning, but in social media, it has a special pragmatic use that emphasizes “bad consequences” following an uncooperative act, whether right or wrong. This metaphorical and new transitive use of hēi diào, which is unique among netizens, has changed the literal status of hēi ‘black’ to other additional accomplishment/achievement meanings. Our study examined the expression hēi diào using data from a social media corpus, the PTT Bulletin Board System. We also analysed all the constructions of hēi diào and similar [V diào (掉)] patterns in the corpus. Unlike most previous work, which analysed the uses of [V diào] only, our study observed pragmatic connotations of hēi diào in social media—uses that only materialized in certain contexts.
Metadiscourse variations in the generic structure of disciplinary research articles
Authors: Kashiha Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research articles have begun to occupy the status of a prominent academic genre, as publishing one is a significant way to gain credibility and to establish oneself as a researcher among members of a discourse community. One way to distinguish discourse communities is to look at the linguistic features used in the generic structure of their research articles. One of these linguistic features is metadiscourse which deals with the connection between authors, texts and readers. The present study adopted Hyland’s (2005a) model of metadiscourse to compare the use of interactional markers in the moves of 40 research article introductions from Applied Linguistics and Chemistry. Findings indicated some variations in the way that disciplinary authors employed interactional devices in introduction moves. These findings can be discussed in terms of familiarizing novice writers with discipline-specific features of their research article introduction and interpersonality in establishing a link between a text and readers.
‘The common good’
Authors: Moghaddam Mostafa Morady 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, I attempt to propose a conceptualisation of interactive politeness which is anchored in the investigation of a kind of other-criticism known as ‘eršâd šodan’ or being exposed to verbal guidance, which is an important religious value among Muslims. The concept of ‘eršâd šodan’ has an imperative load that is expected to contribute to negative impoliteness (Culpeper, 2016). However, as the data of this study reveal, threatening individuals’ negative face through other-criticism was not interpreted as impoliteness among the subjects. My analysis through one-on-one interviews indicates that politeness among Persian speakers is more than a dynamic construction between conversational partners, for there are macro orders that influence people’s interpretation of politeness. I conclude that politeness in other-criticism is closely germane to how subjects connected imposition to the establishment of orders. This article intends to show that it is reasonable to expect that the criticism of an individual could be for the individual’s own good but also for the greater (group, community) good, reminiscent of cultural facilities that are provided to fulfil the certain interests of a particular community.
Popular Art Forms in the DRC
Authors: Naudillon Françoise , Reeck Matt 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Popular literary forms have experienced a remarkable vitality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. While it is difficult to define popular literature, it is necessary to recognize within Francophone literature the existence of types of texts that escape the attention of both discursive and institutional practices of legitimization, texts that are consigned to the margins of the dominant literary canon. In fact, these texts transgress the conventions of these literary “sub-genres,” such as detective novels, dime novels, exoticist novels, novels of manners, as well as graphic novels or comics. The success of Zamenga Batukezanga (1933–2000), still the most widely read and recognized writer in the DRC, as well as the recent rise of comic book writer Jérémie Nsingi, the author of many fanzines and small-run comic strips, reflect how these genres reconstruct canons and illustrate the emergence of a popular social imaginary.
Approximating the Internal Variability of Bias-Corrected Global Temperature Projections with Spatial Stochastic Generators
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Castruccio Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDecision making under climate change, from vulnerability assessments to adaptation and mitigation, requires an accurate quantification of the uncertainty in the future climate. Physically constrained projections, in the presence of both observations and climate simulations, can be obtained by establishing an empirical relationship in the historical time period, and use it to correct the bias of future simulations. Traditional bias correction approaches do not account for the uncertainty in the climate simulation, and focus on regionally aggregated variables without spatial dependence, with loss of useful information such as the variability of gradients across regions. We propose a new statistical model for bias correction of monthly surface temperatures with sparse and interpretable spatial structure, and we use it to obtain future reanalysis projections with associated uncertainty, using only a small ensemble of global simulations.
Differential Credibility of Climate Modes in CMIP6
Authors: Coburn Jacob , Pryor S. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work quantitatively evaluates the fidelity with which the northern annular mode (NAM), southern annular mode (SAM), Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the first-order mode interactions are represented in Earth system model (ESM) output from the CMIP6 archive. Several skill metrics are used as part of a differential credibility assessment (DCA) of both spatial and temporal characteristics of the modes across ESMs, ESM families, and specific ESM realizations relative to ERA5. The spatial patterns and probability distributions are generally well represented but skill scores that measure the degree to which the frequencies of maximum variance are captured are consistently lower for most ESMs and climate modes. Substantial variability in skill scores manifests across realizations from individual ESMs for the PNA and oceanic modes. Further, the ESMs consistently overestimate the strength of the NAM–PNA first-order interaction and underestimate the NAM–AMO connection. These results suggest that the choice of ESM and ESM realizations will continue to play a critical role in determining climate projections at the global and regional scale at least in the near term.
Atmospheric Rivers: An Overlooked Threat to the Marginal Snowpack of the Australian Alps
Authors: McGowan Hamish , Borthwick Kara , Schwartz Andrew , Callow John Nik , Bilish Shane , Browning Stuart 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are tropospheric corridors that provide ~90% of poleward water vapor transport. They are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity if global warming continues unabated. Here we present a case study of the first direct observations of the impact of AR rain-on-snow (RoS) events on the marginal snowpack of the Australian Alps. Reanalysis data show ARs embedded within strong northwesterly airflow extended over 4000 km from the eastern Indian Ocean to southeast Australia, where orographic processes enhanced RoS. We quantify for the first-time radiation and turbulent energy flux exchanges using eddy covariance and the contribution of rain heat flux to the snowpack during the AR RoS events. The hydrological response of an above snow line catchment that includes Australia’s highest peak during the events was rapid, with discharge increasing by nearly two orders of magnitude above historical mean winter discharge. This reflects the isothermal properties of the marginal Australian snowpack, where small increases in energy from RoS can trigger rapid snowmelt leading to flash flooding. Discharge decreased quickly following the passage of the ARs and onset of cold air advection. Based on climate projections of ≈+2.5°C warming in the Australian Alps by midcentury combined with an already historically, close-to-ripe snowpack, we postulate that AR induced RoS events will accelerate the loss of snow cover.
Colorful Language: Investigating Public Interpretation of the Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlook
Authors: Ernst Sean , Ripberger Joe , Krocak Makenzie J. , Jenkins-Smith Hank , Silva Carol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough severe weather forecast products, such as the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlook, are much more accurate than climatology at day-to-week time scales, tornadoes and severe thunderstorms claim dozens of lives and cause billions of dollars in damage every year. While the accuracy of this outlook has been well documented, less work has been done to explore the comprehension of the product by non-expert users like the general public. This study seeks to fill this key knowledge gap by collecting data from a representative survey of U.S. adults in the lower 48 states about their use and interpretation of the SPC convective outlook. Participants in this study were asked to rank the words and colors used in the outlook from least to greatest risk, and their answers were compared through visualizations and statistical tests across multiple demographics. Results show that the US public ranks the outlook colors similarly to their ordering in the outlook but switch the positions of several of the outlook words as compared to the operational product. Logistic regression models also reveal that more numerate individuals more correctly rank the SPC outlook words and colors. These findings suggest that the words used in the convective outlook may confuse non-expert users, and that future work should continue to use input from public surveys to test potential improvements in the choice of outlook words. Using more easily understood words may help to increase the outlook’s decision support value and potentially reduce the harm caused by severe weather events.
Analysis of End User Access of Warn-on-Forecast Guidance Products during an Experimental Forecasting Task
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Gallo Burkely T. , Skinner Patrick , Clark Adam , Heinselman Pamela , Choate Jessica J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConvection-allowing model ensemble guidance, such as that provided by the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS), is designed to provide predictions of individual thunderstorm hazards within the next 0–6 h. The WoFS web viewer provides a large suite of storm and environmental attribute products, but the applicability of these products to the National Weather Service forecast process has not been objectively documented. Therefore, this study describes an experimental forecasting task designed to investigate what WoFS products forecasters accessed and how they accessed them for a total of 26 cases (comprised of 13 weather events, each worked by two forecasters). Analysis of web access log data revealed that in all 26 cases, product accesses were dominated in the reflectivity, rotation, hail, and surface wind categories. However, the number of different product types viewed and the number of transitions between products varied in each case. Therefore, the Levenshtein (Edit Distance) method was used to compute similarity scores across all 26 cases, which helped identify what it meant for relatively similar vs. dissimilar navigation of WoFS products. The Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient (R) results found that forecasters working the same weather event had higher similarity scores for events that produced more tornado reports and for events in which forecasters had higher performance scores. The findings from this study will influence subsequent efforts for further improving WoFS products and developing an efficient and effective user interface for operational applications.
Changes over Time in Patient Stated Values and Treatment Preferences Regarding Aggressive Therapies: Insights from the DECIDE-LVAD Trial
Authors: Knoepke Christopher E. , Chaussee Erin L. , Matlock Daniel D. , Thompson Jocelyn S. , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Ambardekar Amrut V. , Schaffer Elisabeth M. , Khazanie Prateeti , Scherer Laura , Arnold Robert M. , Allen Larry A. 
Published: July 2021

Background Patient-centered care includes matching treatments to patient values and preferences. This assumes clarity and consistency of values and preferences relevant to major medical decisions. We sought to describe stability of patient-reported values regarding aggressiveness of care and preferences for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) for advanced heart failure. Methods and Results We conducted a secondary analysis of patients undergoing LVAD evaluation at 6 US centers. Surveys at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months included a single 10-point scale on the value of aggressive care (score 1 = “do everything,” 10 = “live with whatever time I have left”) and treatment preference (LVAD, unsure, no LVAD). Data were captured for 232 patients, of whom 196 were ultimately deemed medically eligible for LVAD, and 161 were surgically implanted by 1 month. Values at baseline favored aggressive care (mean [SD], 2.49 [2.63]), trending toward less aggressive over time (1 month, 2.63 [2.05]; 6 months, 3.22 [2.70]). Between baseline and 1 month, values scores changed by ≥2 points in 28% (50/176), as did treatment preferences for 18% (29/161) of patients. Values score changes over time were associated with lower illness acceptance, depression, and eventual LVAD ineligibility. Treatment preference change was associated with values score change. Conclusion Most patients considering LVAD were stable in their values and treatment preferences. This stability, as well as the association between unstable treatment preferences and changes to stated values, highlighted the clinical utility of the values scale of aggressiveness. However, a substantial minority reported significant changes over time that may complicate the process of shared decision making. Improved methods to elicit and clarify values, including support to those with depression and low illness acceptance, is critical for patient-centered care. [Box: see text]
Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin or idarubicin in the treatment of an adult with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Chun-Hong , Wang Zhen-Dong , Wang Dong 
Published: July 2021

Background: Anthracyclines are dispensable components of chemotherapy of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of induction with idarubicin (IDA) or liposoma daunorubicin (L-DNR) in treatment of adults with high-risk ALL (HR-ALL) (presence of mixed lineage leukemia gene [ MLL] rearrangements, t[1;19], or prednisone poor response). Methods: Among 58 enrolled patients, 29 cases were defined as the IDA group and the other 29 patients were put into the L-DNR group. Both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated and overall response rate (ORR) was compared between the groups. Results: The L-DNR group’s OS and PFS were insignificantly higher than in the IDA group ( P=0.261 and P=0.247). Although not significantly different, the ORR of adults with HR-ALL receiving L-DNR regimens was also higher than in the IDA group ( P=0.085). Comprehensive cytogenetic analysis revealed that patients harboring MLL rearrangement, E2A-PBX1, and P53 mutation had poorer prognosis than others. All 58 patients experienced hematologic response in this study; however, the length of hematologic response in the IDA group was significantly longer than in the L-DNR group ( P=0.005). The incidence of bleeding and infection was without significant difference between the groups (both P>0.05). Conclusion: L-DNR proved to be an effective drug within a multiagent approach, which shows a favorable overall profile, as well as similar adverse events when compared with IDA in HR-ALL. Patients with E2A-PBX1 are much more sensitive to L-DNR than IDA. Despite some progress made, outcomes in MLL rearrangement or P53 mutation carriers remain unsatisfactory, and intensive treatment will be critical.
Prognostic role of hematologic parameters of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib
Authors: Bolzacchini Elena , Giordano Monica , Bertù Lorenza , Bregni Marco , Nigro Olga , Galli Luca , Antonuzzo Andrea , Artale Salvatore , Barzaghi Sabrina , Danova Marco , Torchio Martina , Pinotti Graziella , Dentali Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Background: Hemochrome parameters at the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and the development of macrocytosis during sunitinib therapy are considered prognostic. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic role of hematologic parameters and macrocytosis in mRCC treated with sunitinib. Methods: We analyzed clinical data of 100 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib as first-line therapy in a retrospective multicenter study. We calculated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) at baseline and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) during therapy. We considered the following cutoffs: NLR >3, PLR >150, LMR <3, and MCV >100 fl. Clinical data histology, prior nephrectomy, Fuhrman grading, metastatic sites, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center score, and Heng score were collected. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox regression model with time-dependent (macrocytosis) covariate were applied. Results: At the univariate analysis, low LMR was associated with shorter PFS and OS ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.06, respectively). High PLR was associated with worse PFS ( p = 0.005); median OS was 23 vs 28 months ( p = 0.13). At the multivariate analysis, poor risk (Heng score), low LMR, and high PLR were associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio 7.1, 1.5, and 2, respectively); poor PS and poor risk (Heng score) were related to worst OS. Macrocytosis was observed in 26 patients and was not prognostic of survival. Conclusions: In our cohort of patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib, low LMR (>3) and high PLR (>150) were associated with shorter PFS. Macrocytosis was not prognostic.