bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of schools in providing educational opportunity: An integrative review
Authors: Katz Heidi T. , Acquah Emmanuel O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe concept of educational opportunity is ubiquitous yet ambiguous; it is frequently discussed within the education world, yet there is no commonly shared understanding of what it means or how to measure it. To address this void, we conducted an integrative review of the literature on school inputs and student outcomes from 2010 to 2019. A total of 39 articles were included in this review, and analysed using a mixed methods approach. A descriptive analysis showed the studies used a range of research designs, including case study (n = 7), comparative (n = 6), correlational and longitudinal (n = 5), exploratory (n = 4), cross‐sectional (n = 3), and phenomenological (n = 2). Furthermore, studies were conducted within a variety of primary through secondary school contexts (e.g., public, charter and vocational). A deductive analysis revealed that more than half of the studies looked at cognitive outcomes (n = 25), followed by psychological (n = 22), behavioural (n = 17), and then other (n = 6). Finally, grounded theory was used to analyse specific school factors (inputs) that influence the aforementioned outcomes positively. We identified four input categories through which educational opportunity generally manifests: Inclusive Culture and Environment, Responsive Teaching and Appropriate Training, Resources and Opportunity to Learn, and Curriculum and Instruction. Based on the results, we developed a conceptual framework of educational opportunity that connects school inputs to positive student outcomes. The framework can be used by researchers and educators to inform discussions and assessments of educational opportunity.
Context and implications
Rationale for this study
Schools worldwide aim to provide equitable opportunities that result in positive student outcomes. However, there is widespread disagreement between both educators and educational researchers as to what educational opportunity means and looks like in practice.
Why the new findings matter
This study seeks to bring clarity to the topic through an integrative review that synthesises the research on school inputs that lead to positive student outcomes.
Implications for educators, educational researchers and policy makers
This review resulted in the development of a conceptual framework of educational opportunity. The framework is not prescriptive, but can be adapted based on the needs, goals and values of the school and students. This framework has implications for teachers, school leaders, policy makers and educational researchers who can use it as a tool to assess educational opportunity and inform educational practices. Most importantly, the framework can be used to help improve equity in educational opportunities.
Physical activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is linked to better mood and emotion
Authors: Markofski Melissa M. , Jennings Kristofer , Hodgman Charles F. , Warren Victoria E. , LaVoy Emily C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic may negatively impact mood and emotion. Physical activity may protect against mood disturbance and promote positive affect. This study asked if physical activity before, during, or the change in physical activity with the pandemic, impacted affect and mood during the pandemic. US adult residents (18–74 years; N = 338) were surveyed from 29 April to 3 June 2020. Physical activity before and during the pandemic was assessed with the Physical Activity Rating survey. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule measured affect and the Profile of Moods Questionnaire assessed mood. Comparisons between physically inactive and active participants by Analysis of Covariance found greater vigour in participants classed as physically active before the pandemic. Positive affect, vigour and esteem‐related affect were greater in participants physically active during the pandemic. Multiple linear regression revealed relationships between the change in physical activity and mood. Change in physical activity positively associated with positive affect (b = 1.06), esteem‐related affect (b = 0.33) and vigour (b = 0.53), and negatively associated with negative affect (b = −0.47), total mood disturbance (b = −2.60), tension (b = −0.31), anger (b = −0.24), fatigue (b = −0.54), depression (b = −0.50) and confusion (b = −0.23). These data demonstrate that physical activity during the pandemic, and increased physical activity relative to before the pandemic, related to better mood.
An exploratory qualitative study exploring GPs' and psychiatrists' perceptions of post‐traumatic stress disorder in postnatal women using a fictional case vignette
Authors: Mortimer Harriet , Habash‐Bailey Haniah , Cooper Maxwell , Ayers Susan , Cooke Jennifer , Shakespeare Judy , Aslanyan Daron , Ford Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPostnatal post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 3%–4% of women who give birth. It is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Thus far, no studies have investigated doctors' perceptions of PTSD in postnatal women. We investigated whether GPs and psychiatrists perceive PTSD symptoms after birth to indicate pathology and what diagnosis and management they would offer. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six GPs and seven psychiatrists using a fictional vignette featuring a woman experiencing PTSD following a traumatic birth. A framework analysis approach was used. Despite half the GPs recognizing trauma‐related features in the vignette their most common diagnosis was postnatal depression whereas six of the seven psychiatrists identified PTSD. Management plans reflected this. Both GPs and psychiatrists lacked trust in timeliness of referrals to psychological services. Both suggested referral to specialist perinatal mental health teams. Results suggest women are unlikely to get a PTSD diagnosis during initial GP consultations, however the woman‐centred care proposed by GPs means that a trauma‐focussed diagnosis later in the care pathway was not ruled out. Further research is needed to confirm these findings, which suggest that an evidence base around best management for women with postnatal PTSD is sorely needed, especially to inform GP training.
Strategy as language and communication: Theoretical and methodological advances and avenues for the future in strategy process and practice research
Authors: Vaara Eero , Fritsch Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe purpose of this introduction to the SMS collection is to take stock of advances in language‐based analyses of strategic processes and practices with an eye on the theoretical and methodological insights and opportunities. After a review of the articles included, we develop a framework that identifies four perspectives ranging from the more micro to the macro: (a) microlevel conceptual basis of strategy discourse, (b) use of language in strategy work processes in their socio‐material and multimodal contexts, (c) use of language and especially narratives in long‐term processes of strategic change, and (d) the rhetorical and discursive reconstruction of organizational strategies in their historical contexts. We then move on to offer a set of research opportunities and questions to form an agenda for future research.Managerial SummaryThis article takes stock of recent research on the role of language and communication in strategic decision‐making and strategy work. The key argument is that we should not treat language merely as a window into other aspects of strategic phenomena but as a central means through which strategies are shaped and made sense of. The paper underscores that language use is a crucial part of strategy work and strategic change—to be taken seriously in its own right in research as well as practice. Another key point is that we need to develop better understanding of the new communication technologies and media that play a key role in contemporary organizations. The new theoretical ideas and methods may also inspire practitioners to develop their communication practices.
Reconstruction surgery using a pediculated jejunal patch for a gastrointestinal stromal tumour originating from the proximal duodenum in a dog
Authors: Nagumo Takahiro , Ishigaki Kumiko , Sakurai Naoki , Terai Kazuyuki , Asano Kazushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old neutered male toy poodle was referred to our hospital due to a mass formation in the right cranial abdomen without any clinical signs. A gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) was suspected based on diagnostic imaging and cytology. Imatinib was administered; however, the tumour size did not change, thus duodenal tumour resection was performed on Day 65. The tumour was on the antimesenteric border of the proximal duodenum; therefore, major and minor duodenal papillae were preserved, and the defect of the duodenum was reconstructed with a pediculated jejunal patch. The resected mass was histopathologically diagnosed as GIST with a clean margin. There were no serious postoperative complications associated with the obstruction of common bile duct and small intestine, and the patient's postoperative progress was good. These results suggest that duodenal reconstruction with a pediculated jejunal patch could be used for GIST in the proximal duodenum.
Spectral‐quasi‐linearization method and multiple regression analysis of reiner‐philippoff fluid flow
Authors: Mallikarjuna Bandaru , Chakravarthy Yathiraju S.K. , Raju Chakravarthula S.K. , Ayyaz Rida , Shehzad Sabir Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the flow and heat transmission of Reiner‐Philippoff fluid (RPF) past a stretchable sheet is investigated theoretically and analyzed by using the numerical and statistical tools. A set of similarity transformations is used to non‐dimensionalize the governing equations. These expressions are numerically evaluated by employing the Spectral‐Quasi‐Linearization Method (SQLM). The numerical values are validated with the published results, and an excellent agreement is noticed in limiting cases. The results are presented graphically for different cases of fluids such as dilatant, Newtonian and pseudo‐plastic fluids for various physical parametric values include Bingham number, thermal buoyancy parameter, inclination angle parameter. Further, the behavior of fluid velocity and its temperature profiles are discussed within the boundary layer regime. Multiple regression process is used to analyze the results of the heat transmission rate and skin‐friction coefficient against distinct physical parametric values. It is observed that the dilatant fluid and pseudo‐plastic fluid show a diverse behavior as Bingham's number increases. With the enhancement in the inclination angle parameter, the fluid temperature risen for dilatant, pseudoplastic, and Newtonian fluids. This type of flow model over the stretching sheet has gained eminent importance in fluid dynamics due to their enormous applications in engineering and environment such as drawing of plastic sheets, metal and polymer extrusion, liquid coatings on photographic films, and so forth.
Associations of serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) with risk factors for progression in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumours clinical stage 1
Authors: Dieckmann Klaus-Peter , Dumlupinar Cansu , Radtke Arlo , Matthies Cord , Pichler Renate , Paffenholz Pia , Sommer Jörg , Winter Alexander , Zengerling Friedemann , Hennig Finja , Wülfing Christian , Belge Gazanfer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lymphovascular invasion (LV1) and presence of > 50% embryonal carcinoma (> 50% EC) represent risk factors for progression in patients with clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous (NS) testicular germ cell tumours. As serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) are capable of detecting small amounts of GCT, we evaluated if LV1 and > 50% EC are associated with M371 levels.

Methods
M371 serum levels were measured postoperatively in 153 NS CS1 patients and both pre- and postoperatively in 131 patients. We registered the following factors: age, tumour size, LV status, > 50% EC, teratoma in primary, preoperative elevation of classical tumour markers. M371 expression was compared among subgroups. The ability of M371 to predict LV1 was calculated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multiple regression analysis was used to look for associations of M371 levels with other factors.

Results
Postoperatively elevated M371 levels were found in 29.4% of the patients, but were neither associated with LV status nor with > 50% EC. Likewise, relative decrease of M371 was not associated. ROC analysis of postoperative M371 levels revealed an AUC of 0.5 for the ability to predict LV1 while preoperative M371 had an AUC of 0.732. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations of preoperative M371 levels with LV status (p = 0.003), tumour size (p = 0.001), > 50% EC (p = 0.004), and teratoma component (p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Postoperatively elevated M371 levels are not associated with risk factors for progression in NS CS1 patients. However, the significant association of preoperative M371 expression with LV1 deserves further evaluation.
The doctrinal paradox: comparison of decision rules in a probabilistic framework
Authors: Alabert Aureli , Farré Mercè 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe doctrinal paradox is analysed from a probabilistic point of view assuming a simple parametric model for the committee’s behaviour. The well known premise-based and conclusion-based majority rules are compared in this model, by means of the concepts of false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR) and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) space. We introduce also a new rule that we call path-based, which is somehow halfway between the other two. Under our model assumptions, the premise-based rule is shown to be the best of the three according to an optimality criterion based in ROC maps, for all values of the model parameters (committee size and competence of its members), when equal weight is given to FPR and FNR. We extend this result to prove that, for unequal weights of FNR and FPR, the relative goodness of the rules depends on the values of the competence and the weights, in a way which is precisely described. The results are illustrated with some numerical examples.
Conceptualising Reuse in African Households: Perspectives from Chembe, Malawi
Authors: Kalina Marc , Ngcoya Mvuselelo , Nkhoma Bembeyere , Tilley Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfrican households are often models of sustainability, practicing daily behaviours, which, if even not directly associated by the individual with Western conceptualisations of ‘recycling’ or ‘reuse’, have dramatically positive impacts on the amounts of household waste generated. However, rarely has the African household been given the same consideration, and there is a poor understanding within the discipline how poor individuals, and Africans in particular, understand and conceptualise ‘waste’ as both a problem and a resource. Drawing on Kennedy and Appadurai’s theoretical perspectives, the purpose of this article is to critically examine and contextualise household solid waste reuse practices in Chembe, Malawi, a rapidly densifying village and a constituent part of one of the nation’s premier resort destinations. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with residents and stakeholders, findings suggest that, within Chembe, reuse practices, and the motivations that drive them, are both widespread and diverse, with a multitude of ‘waste’ items living multiple ‘lives’ before being ultimately discarded as ‘trash’. These behaviours are facilitated by the fact that many desirable waste items are widely available locally within Chembe, and although some of these reuse practices may be widespread within Malawi, others have been uniquely fostered by Chembe’s position as an affluent tourism destination with abundant and easily accessible waste streams. This investigation is particularly important within the context of rural Africa, and the Global South more broadly. Moreover, it should critically inform circular economy, zero waste, and broader waste management studies discourse, where African households have been habitually treated as problems needing solutions, rather than potential sources of innovation and learning.
Exploring students’ perceived need and preferences for achievement emotion competence training
Authors: Stockinger Kristina , Vogl Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGiven the importance of achievement emotions for students’ academic success and wellbeing, scholars are increasingly seeking to develop effective programs for equipping students with competencies for adaptively managing achievement emotions. To date, however, little is known about what kind of support, if any, students themselves perceive as useful. We thus conducted a needs assessment to explore the degree to which German lower secondary school students (N = 387) perceive a need for such training; how this need varies across students, possibly implying different implementation conditions; and their preferences for training formats/content. To this end, students completed a series of self-report measures targeting demographics, achievement emotions, perceived training need, and training preferences. Students’ responses were analyzed quantitatively and revealed a discernible need for training; that this need is higher for students with higher levels of negative achievement emotions (e.g., anxiety, disappointment) and relief, and with lower achievement; and discernible trends in students’ preferences for training formats, particularly with regard to opportunities for social interaction with peers. Implications for research and designing effective as well as appealing achievement emotion competence trainings are discussed.
Effect of SiO2 nanoparticle addition on growth of interfacial Ag3Sn intermetallic compound layers between lead-free solder and silver conductor
Authors: Hsiang Hsing-I , Chen Chih-Cheng , Su Han-Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of silver powder modification on intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and silver leaching during soldering at high temperatures. Silica nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited onto a silver powder surface to inhibit silver leaching, which can lead to soldering joint failure during high-temperature soldering. The NPs were deposited through hydrolysis and a condensation reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) based on the Stöber method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the microstructures of silver powders after the deposition of silica NPs with various TEOS concentrations and various deposition times. As the deposition time increased, the amount of silica NPs on the surface of the silver powder increased. The transmission electron microscopy results show that silica NPs were located at the IMC grain boundaries, which can hinder the dissolution of IMCs by lead-free solder melt along grain boundaries during soldering, retarding silver leaching. The growth kinetics and mechanism of IMCs during soldering were investigated. The results show that the growth of IMCs is mainly dominated by bulk diffusion. The activation energy for IMC growth increased and the growth rate decreased with increasing silica NP addition and deposition time.
Inconsistent variation of return periods of temperature extremum in China and its projection based on CMIP6 results
Authors: Kuang Xueyuan , Huang Danqing , Huang Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasingly extreme temperature events under global warming can have considerable impacts on sectors such as industrial activities, health, and transportation, suggesting that risk for these kinds of events under climate change and its regional sensitivity should be reassessed. In this study, the observation and multi-model simulations from CMIP6 are comprehensively used to explore the regional differences of the extreme temperature response to climate change from the perspective of return period (RP). The Gumbel model of generalized extremum distribution is applied to estimate the RP for the annual extremum of temperature based on Gaussian distribution of daily temperature. The analysis on the observation in selected three sites indicates that the regional inconsistency of RP variation is not only existed in extreme high temperature (HTx) but also in low temperature (LTn) during the past several decades. The annual amplitude of temperature extremum in the Northeast China is enlarged with summer becoming hotter and winter becoming colder while the opposite situation is detected in Huang-Huai River Basin with cooler summer and relatively stable winter, and South China is characterized by hotter summer and slight warmer winter. From the spatial distribution of the HTx and LTn variations of fix RP, it is found that the Northeast China and Jiang-Huai River Basin is the most sensitive areas, respectively, in the response of extreme low temperature and high temperature to global warming. However, the regional inconsistency of the extreme temperature change is only observed under SSP1-2.6 scenario in the CMIP6 simulation but gradually disappeared from SSP2-4.5 to SSP5-8.5.
A local binary patterns/variance operator based on guided filtering for seismic fault detection
Authors: Tian Renfei , Lei Xue , Ouyang Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming at suppressing noise interference, improving the fault detection ability of seismic data, fully excavating the effective information in seismic data, and further improving the accuracy of fault detection, this study proposes a seismic fault detection method that combines the local binary pattern/variance (LBP/VAR) operator with guided filtering. The proposed method combines the advantages of LBP/VAR and guided filtering to remove noise from seismic data, and can simultaneously smooth the data and preserve linear features. When compared with several existing methods (coherent operator, LBP/VAR operator, LBP/VAR operator based on median filtering, and Canny operator based on guided filtering), the proposed method exhibits a better SNR, a better ability to identify small faults, and robustness to noise. This novel algorithm can control the balance between noise attenuation and effective signal preservation as well as effectively detect faults in seismic data. Therefore, the proposed method effectively improves the fault identification accuracy, facilitates the gas-bearing analysis of the structure, provides guidance for the actual well location deployment of the project, and has important practical significance for oil and gas exploration and development.