bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal Careers and Early Death: Relationships In the Cambridge Study In Delinquent Development
Authors: Skinner Guy C M , Farrington David P , Jolliffe Darrick 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prior research shows that convicted and incarcerated persons tend to die early, but this research does not investigate the relationships between criminal career features and early death. The aim of this article is to utilize the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development longitudinal sample of males to study this; 54 males who died early (up to age 65) are compared with 332 males who did not emigrate and did not die early. The results show that convicted offenders, early onset offenders, recidivists and chronic offenders tended to die early, but there were relatively weak relationships between early death and life-course-persistent offenders and career duration. It is concluded that much more research on the relationship between early death and criminal career features is needed, and further tests of criminological theories need to take account of the time at risk of offending.
Disrupted Timing of MET Signaling Derails the Developmental Maturation of Cortical Circuits and Leads to Altered Behavior in Mice
Authors: Ma Xiaokuang , Wei Jing , Cui Yuehua , Xia Baomei , Zhang Le , Nehme Antoine , Zuo Yi , Ferguson Deveroux , Levitt Pat , Qiu Shenfeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The molecular regulation of the temporal dynamics of circuit maturation is a key contributor to the emergence of normal structure–function relations. Developmental control of cortical MET receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed early postnatally in subpopulations of excitatory neurons, has a pronounced impact on the timing of glutamatergic synapse maturation and critical period plasticity. Here, we show that using a controllable overexpression (cto-Met) transgenic mouse, extending the duration of MET signaling after endogenous Met is switched off leads to altered molecular constitution of synaptic proteins, persistent activation of small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, and sustained inhibitory phosphorylation of cofilin. These molecular changes are accompanied by an increase in the density of immature dendritic spines, impaired cortical circuit maturation of prefrontal cortex layer 5 projection neurons, and altered laminar excitatory connectivity. Two photon in vivo imaging of dendritic spines reveals that cto-Met enhances de novo spine formation while inhibiting spine elimination. Extending MET signaling for two weeks in developing cortical circuits leads to pronounced repetitive activity and impaired social interactions in adult mice. Collectively, our data revealed that temporally controlled MET signaling as a critical mechanism for controlling cortical circuit development and emergence of normal behavior.
Twelve-Month Systemic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients Discharged From Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wu Di , Yan Weiming , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaoyun , Ma Ke , Chen Huilong , Zeng Zhilin , Qin Yuanyuan , Wang Hongwu , Xing Mingyou , Xu Dong , Li Weina , Ni Ming , Zhu Lin , Chen Liang , Chen Guang , Qi Weipeng , Wu Ting , Yu Haijing , Huang Jiaquan , Han Meifang , Zhu Wenzhen , Guo Wei , Luo Xiaoping , Chen Tao , Ning Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Follow-up study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors has rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in the characteristics of COVID-19 survivors after discharge.

Methods
A total of 594 COVID-19 survivors discharged from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from February 10 to April 30, 2020 were included and followed up until May 17, 2021. Laboratory and radiological findings, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiogram, symptoms and signs were analyzed.

Results
257 (51.2%) patients had at least one symptom at 3 months post-discharge, which decreased to 169 (40.0%) and 138 (28.4%) at 6-month and 12-month visit respectively. During follow-up period, insomnia, chest tightness, and fatigue were the most prevalent symptoms. Most laboratory parameters returned to normal, whereas increased incidence of abnormal liver and renal function and cardiovascular injury was evidenced after discharge. Fibrous stripes (213; 42.4%), pleural thickening and adhesions (188; 37.5%) and enlarged lymph nodes (120; 23.9%) were the most common radiographical findings at 3 months post-discharge. The abnormalities of pulmonary function included obstructive, restrictive, and mixed, which were 5.5%, 4.0%, 0.9% at 6 months post, and 1.9%, 4.7%, 0.2% at 12 months. Electrocardiogram abnormalities occurred in 256 (51.0%) patients at 3 months post-discharge, including arrhythmia, ST-T change and conduction block, which increased to 258 (61.1%) cases at 6-month visit and were maintained at high frequency (242;49.8%) at 12-month visit.

Conclusions
Physiological, laboratory, radiological, or electrocardiogram abnormalities, particularly those related to renal, cardiovascular, and liver functions are common in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) up to 12 months post-discharge.
Discrimination and ejection of eggs and nestlings by the fan-tailed gerygone from New Caledonia
Authors: Attisano Alfredo , Sato Nozomu J , Tanaka Keita D , Okahisa Yuji , Ueda Keisuke , Gula Roman , Theuerkauf Jörn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nestling rejection is a rare type of host defense against brood parasitism compared with egg rejection. Theoretically, host defenses at both egg and nestling stages could be based on similar underlying discrimination mechanisms but, due to the rarity of nestling rejector hosts, few studies have actually tested this hypothesis. We investigated egg and nestling discrimination by the fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis, a host that seemingly accepts nonmimetic eggs of its parasite, the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus, but ejects mimetic parasite nestlings. We introduced artificial eggs or nestlings and foreign gerygone nestlings in gerygone nests and compared begging calls of parasite and host nestlings. We found that the gerygone ejected artificial eggs only if their size was smaller than the parasite or host eggs. Ejection of artificial nestlings did not depend on whether their color matched that of the brood. The frequency of ejection increased during the course of the breeding season mirroring the increase in ejection frequency of parasite nestlings by the host. Cross-fostered gerygone nestlings were frequently ejected when lacking natal down and when introduced in the nest before hatching of the foster brood, but only occasionally when they did not match the color of the foster brood. Begging calls differed significantly between parasite and host nestlings throughout the nestling period. Our results suggest that the fan-tailed gerygone accepts eggs within the size range of gerygone and cuckoo eggs and that nestling discrimination is based on auditory and visual cues other than skin color. This highlights the importance of using a combined approach to study discrimination mechanisms of hosts.
Dispersal patterns in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys
Authors: Xia Wancai , Wang Fan , Wang Dali , Zeng Xiaoqin , Yang Chan , Krzton Ali , Ren Baoping , Li Dayong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSex-biased dispersal is common in group-living animals. Due to differences in local demographic and environmental factors, sex-biased dispersal presents many irregular patterns. In this study, a habituated, individually identified Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti group was observed over 9 years; 192 dispersal events, including 97 male dispersal events (25 natal dispersal and 72 secondary dispersal) and 95 female dispersal events (34 natal dispersal and 61 secondary dispersal) were observed. Males and females showed different dispersal paths, dispersal ages, and dispersal patterns. Females had 2 dispersal paths, whereas males had 4 paths. In terms of age of dispersal, the male age of natal dispersal was younger than for females. Males prefer single dispersal, whereas females prefer parallel dispersal. Our study indicates that the dispersal pattern of R. bieti should be classified as a bisexual dispersal pattern. The differences in dispersal path, average age at dispersal, and dispersal path pattern indicate that Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys may still retain a loose matrilineal social system.
CeAid: a smartphone application for logging and plotting Caenorhabditis elegans assays
Authors: Sohrabi Salman , Moore Rebecca S , Murphy Coleen T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model organism to study a wide range of topics in molecular and cellular biology. Conventional C. elegans assays often require a large sample size with frequent manipulations, rendering them labor-intensive. Automated high-throughput workflows may not be always the best solution to reduce benchwork labor, as they may introduce more complexity. Thus, most assays are carried out manually, where logging and digitizing experimental data can be as time-consuming as picking and scoring worms. Here we report the development of CeAid, C. elegans Application for inputting data, which significantly expedites the data entry process, utilizing swiping gestures and a voice recognition algorithm for logging data using a standard smartphone or Android device. This modular platform can also be adapted for a wide range of assays where recording data is laborious, even beyond worm research.
Subcellular patterns of SPE-6 localization reveal unexpected complexities inCaenorhabditis eleganssperm activation and sperm function
Authors: Peterson Jackson J , Tocheny Claire E , Prajapati Gaurav , LaMunyon Craig W , Shakes Diane C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo acquire and maintain directed cell motility, Caenorhabditis elegans sperm must undergo extensive, regulated cellular remodeling, in the absence of new transcription or translation. To regulate sperm function, nematode sperm employ large numbers of protein kinases and phosphatases, including SPE-6, a member of C. elegans’ highly expanded casein kinase 1 superfamily. SPE-6 functions during multiple steps of spermatogenesis, including functioning as a “brake” to prevent premature sperm activation in the absence of normal extracellular signals. Here, we describe the subcellular localization patterns of SPE-6 during wild-type C. elegans sperm development and in various sperm activation mutants. While other members of the sperm activation pathway associate with the plasma membrane or localize to the sperm’s membranous organelles, SPE-6 surrounds the chromatin mass of unactivated sperm. During sperm activation by either of two semiautonomous signaling pathways, SPE-6 redistributes to the front, central region of the sperm’s pseudopod. When disrupted by reduction-of-function alleles, SPE-6 protein is either diminished in a temperature-sensitive manner (hc187) or is mislocalized in a stage-specific manner (hc163). During the multistep process of sperm activation, SPE-6 is released from its perinuclear location after the spike stage in a process that does not require the fusion of membranous organelles with the plasma membrane. After activation, spermatozoa exhibit variable proportions of perinuclear and pseudopod-localized SPE-6, depending on their location within the female reproductive tract. These findings provide new insights regarding SPE-6’s role in sperm activation and suggest that extracellular signals during sperm migration may further modulate SPE-6 localization and function.
An Nphp1 knockout mouse model targeting exon 2–20 demonstrates characteristic phenotypes of human nephronophthisis
Authors: Li Dantong , Hu Miaoyue , Chen Huamu , Wu Xiaohong , Wei Xiaoya , Lin Hongrong , Gao Xuefei , Wang Haiyan , Li Min , Ong Albert C M , Yue Zhihui , Sun Liangzhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is the most prevalent monogenetic disorder leading to end-stage renal failure (ESRD) in childhood. Mutations in Nphp1, encoding a cilia-localized protein, account for the majority of NPH cases. Despite its identification many years ago, Nphp1 deletions targeting exon 4 or exon 20 have not reproduced the histological features of human NPH in murine models. In this study, we deleted exon 2–20 of Nphp1 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a near-total knockout (KO) mouse model (Nphp1del2–20/del2–20). Nphp1del2–20/del2–20 mice faithfully reproduced the renal and extrarenal phenotypes associated with human NPH, including renal cyst development, tubular basement membrane thickening, retinal degeneration and abnormal spermatogenesis. Importantly, Nphp1 re-expression using an adenoviral-associated-virus-9 vector could partially rescue both renal and retinal phenotypes in Nphp1del2–20/del2–20 mice. Our results reported the first relevant Nphp1 mouse model with renal phenotypes for human disease. It will be a valuable model for future studies of Nphp1 function and to develop novel treatments for this common childhood disease.
Classification under uncertainty: data analysis for diagnostic antibody testing
Authors: Patrone Paul N , Kearsley Anthony J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Formulating accurate and robust classification strategies is a key challenge of developing diagnostic and antibody tests. Methods that do not explicitly account for disease prevalence and uncertainty therein can lead to significant classification errors. We present a novel method that leverages optimal decision theory to address this problem. As a preliminary step, we develop an analysis that uses an assumed prevalence and conditional probability models of diagnostic measurement outcomes to define optimal (in the sense of minimizing rates of false positives and false negatives) classification domains. Critically, we demonstrate how this strategy can be generalized to a setting in which the prevalence is unknown by either (i) defining a third class of hold-out samples that require further testing or (ii) using an adaptive algorithm to estimate prevalence prior to defining classification domains. We also provide examples for a recently published SARS-CoV-2 serology test and discuss how measurement uncertainty (e.g. associated with instrumentation) can be incorporated into the analysis. We find that our new strategy decreases classification error by up to a decade relative to more traditional methods based on confidence intervals. Moreover, it establishes a theoretical foundation for generalizing techniques such as receiver operating characteristics by connecting them to the broader field of optimization.
Melatonin alters bovine uterine artery hemodynamics, vaginal temperatures, and fetal morphometrics during late gestational nutrient restriction in a season-dependent manner
Authors: Contreras-Correa Zully E , Messman Riley D , Sidelinger Darcie R , Heath King E , Sánchez-Rodríguez Héctor L , Burnett Derris D , Lemley Caleb O 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objectives were to examine melatonin-mediated changes in temporal uterine blood flow (UBF), vaginal temperatures (VTs), and fetal morphometrics in 54 commercial Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25) during compromised pregnancy. At day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to one of the four treatments consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% National Research Council [NRC]; n = 13), global nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n =13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). In the morning (0500 hours; AM) and afternoon (1300 hours; PM) of day 220 of gestation, UBF was determined via Doppler ultrasonography, while temperature data loggers attached to progesterone-free controlled internal drug releases were used to record VTs. At day 240 of gestation, heifers underwent cesarean sections for fetal removal and morphometrics determination. The UBF and VT data were analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the morphometrics was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Seasons were analyzed separately. In Fall, a nutrition by treatment interaction was observed, where the RES-CON heifers exhibited reduced total UBF compared with ADQ-CON (5.67 ± 0.68 vs. 7.97 ± 0.54 L/min; P = 0.039). In Summer, MEL heifers exhibited increased total UBF compared with the CON counterparts (8.16 ± 0.73 vs. 6.00 ± 0.70 L/min; P = 0.048). Moreover, there was a nutrition by treatment by time interaction in VT for Fall and Summer heifers (P ≤ 0.005). In Fall, all groups had decreased VT in the morning compared with the afternoon (P &lt; 0.05). Whereas, in Summer, VT increased for ADQ-CON and RES-CON (P &lt; 0.0001) from morning to afternoon, the ADQ-MEL and RES-MEL remained constant throughout the day (P = 0.648). Furthermore, the RES-MEL-PM exhibited decreased VT compared with ADQ-CON-PM (38.91 ± 0.09 vs. 39.26 ± 0.09 °C; P = 0.018). Lastly, in Fall, a main effect of nutrition was observed on fetal weights, where the RES dams had fetuses with decreased body weight when compared with ADQ (24.08 ± 0.62 vs. 26.57 ± 0.64 kg; P = 0.0087). In Summer, a nutrition by treatment interaction was observed on fetal weights where the RES-CON dams had fetuses with reduced weight when compared with ADQ-CON and RES-MEL (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, nutrient restriction decreased UBF and melatonin supplementation increased UBF depending on the season. Additionally, melatonin appeared to decrease VT and rescue fetal weights when supplemented in the Summer.
Trapezoid-grid finite difference frequency domain method for seismic wave simulation
Authors: Wu Bangyu , Tan Wenzhuo , Xu Wenhao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The large computational cost and memory requirement for the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method limit its applications in seismic wave simulation, especially for large models. For conventional FDFD methods, the discretisation based on minimum model velocity leads to oversampling in high-velocity regions. To reduce the oversampling of the conventional FDFD method, we propose a trapezoid-grid FDFD scheme to improve the efficiency of wave modeling. To alleviate the difficulty of processing irregular grids, we transform trapezoid grids in the Cartesian coordinate system to square grids in the trapezoid coordinate system. The regular grid sizes in the trapezoid coordinate system correspond to physical grid sizes increasing with depth, which is consistent with the increasing trend of seismic velocity. We derive the trapezoid coordinate system Helmholtz equation and the corresponding absorbing boundary condition, then get the FDFD stencil by combining the central difference method and the average-derivative method (ADM). Dispersion analysis indicates that our method can satisfy the requirement of maximum phase velocity error less than $1\%$ with appropriate parameters. Numerical tests on the Marmousi model show that, compared with the regular-grid ADM 9-point FDFD scheme, our method can achieve about $80\%$ computation efficiency improvement and $80\%$ memory reduction for comparable accuracy.
CAN E-PROCUREMENT REDUCE BID RIGGING IN PUBLIC AUCTIONS?
Authors: Ishii Rieko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The adoption of e-procurement may reduce bid rigging in public auctions by limiting in-person meetings of bidders. Using the data from construction auctions tendered by a Japanese local government where paper-based manual procurement is replaced by e-procurement, we find that the adoption of e-procurement reduced bids in a section of the market where the bids were initially higher than the other section of the market. The degree of reduction was smaller in an auction when the bidders were likely to be in the same industrial community, suggesting that the effect of e-procurement by limiting in-person meetings is smaller when the bidders have chances to communicate through other than the procurement processes.
Patient-specific 3D-printed cutting guides for high oblique sagittal osteotomy—an innovative surgical technique for nerve preservation in orthognathic surgery
Authors: Kämmerer Peer W , Müller Daniel , Linz Friedemann , Peron Priscila Ferrari , Pabst Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) of the mandible according to Obwegeser/Dal Pont is considered to be gold standard in orthognathic surgery. Frequently reported complications of BSSO are injuries of the mandibular nerve resulting in paresthesia/anesthesia as well as inadequate mandibular bone fracturing (‘bad split’). High oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO) was introduced to overcome these complications. We present an innovative HOSO modification using patient-specific 3D-printed cutting guides positioned on the outside of the ascending mandibular ramus and fixed in the incisura semilunaris, precisely marking the optimal height and angle of the osteotomy. Advantages are a decreased operation time due to the simplicity of this less invasive procedure, a potentially reduced frequency of mandibular nerve damage and bad splits as well as a lower bleeding risk.
Kiloparsec-scale AGN outflows and feedback in merger-free galaxies
Authors: Smethurst R J , Simmons B D , Coil A , Lintott C J , Keel W , Masters K L , Glikman E , Leung G C K , Shanahan J , Garland I L 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent observations and simulations have challenged the long-held paradigm that mergers are the dominant mechanism driving the growth of both galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH), in favour of non-merger (secular) processes. In this pilot study of merger-free SMBH and galaxy growth, we use Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectral observations to examine four low-redshift (0.043 &lt; z &lt; 0.073) disc-dominated ‘bulgeless’ galaxies hosting luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN), assumed to be merger-free. We detect blueshifted broadened [O iii] emission from outflows in all four sources, which the $\mathrm{[O\, \small {III}]}$/$\rm {H}\beta$ ratios reveal are ionized by the AGN. We calculate outflow rates in the range $0.12{-}0.7~\rm {M}_{\odot }~\rm {yr}^{-1}$, with velocities of $675{-}1710~\rm {km}~\rm {s}^{-1}$, large radial extents of $0.6{-}2.4~\rm {kpc}$, and SMBH accretion rates of $0.02{-}0.07~\rm {M}_{\odot }~\rm {yr}^{-1}$. We find that the outflow rates, kinematics, and energy injection rates are typical of the wider population of low-redshift AGN, and have velocities exceeding the galaxy escape velocity by a factor of ∼30, suggesting that these outflows will have a substantial impact through AGN feedback. Therefore, if both merger-driven and non-merger-driven SMBH growth lead to co-evolution, this suggests that co-evolution is regulated by feedback in both scenarios. Simulations find that bars and spiral arms can drive inflows to galactic centers at rates an order of magnitude larger than the combined SMBH accretion and outflow rates of our four targets. This work therefore provides further evidence that non-merger processes are sufficient to fuel SMBH growth and AGN outflows in disc galaxies.
Structural basis for activation of Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA by RNA polymerase
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhou Wei , Chen Ming , Yang Yang , Hu Yangbo , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRapA is a bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated Swi2/Snf2 ATPase that stimulates RNAP recycling. The ATPase activity of RapA is autoinhibited by its N-terminal domain (NTD) but activated with RNAP bound. Here, we report a 3.4-Å cryo-EM structure of Escherichia coli RapA–RNAP elongation complex, in which the ATPase active site of RapA is structurally remodeled. In this process, the NTD of RapA is wedged open by RNAP β' zinc-binding domain (ZBD). In addition, RNAP β flap tip helix (FTH) forms extensive hydrophobic interactions with RapA ATPase core domains. Functional assay demonstrates that removing the ZBD or FTH of RNAP significantly impairs its ability to activate the ATPase activity of RapA. Our results provide the structural basis of RapA ATPase activation by RNAP, through the active site remodeling driven by the ZBD-buttressed large-scale opening of NTD and the direct interactions between FTH and ATPase core domains.