bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maahan muuttaneiden kokonaisvaltainen kotoutuminen edellyttää myös poliittista osallisuutta
Authors: Sipinen Josefina 
Published: September 2021

Artikkeli on tehty YTT Josefina Sipisen 23.4.2021 Tampereen yliopistossa pidetyn väitöstilaisuuden lektiosta. Väitöskirjan nimi on Recruitment of Immigrant-origin Candidates in Finnish Municipal Elections.
Türkiye’de Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden sıra dışı bir Yusufçuk kaydı: Selysiothemis nigra (Insecta: Odonata)
Authors: MİROĞLU Ali 
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de dağılımı bilinen Selysiothemis nigra’nın bölgesel olarak ilginç bir kaydı verilmiştir. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunan Samsun İli’nden iki tane dişi örnek toplanmış ve birçok erkek ve dişi örnek gözlenmiştir. Bu tür Karadeniz Bölgesi için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca bu kayıt, Türkiye’de türün bilinen dağılımına ve türün bölgedeki göç rotasına yeni veriler sağlamaktadır.
StelNet: Hierarchical Neural Network for Automatic Inference in Stellar Characterization
Authors: Garraffo Cecilia , Protopapas Pavlos , Drake Jeremy J. , Becker Ignacio , Cargile Phillip 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Characterizing the fundamental parameters of stars from observations is crucial for studying the stars themselves, their planets, and the galaxy as a whole. Stellar evolution theory predicting the properties of stars as a function of stellar age and mass enables translating observables into physical stellar parameters by fitting the observed data to synthetic isochrones. However, the complexity of overlapping evolutionary tracks often makes this task numerically challenging, and with a precision that can be highly variable, depending on the area of the parameter space the observation lies in. This work presents StelNet, a Deep Neural Network trained on stellar evolutionary tracks that quickly and accurately predicts mass and age from absolute luminosity and effective temperature for stars with close-to-solar metallicity. The underlying model makes no assumption on the evolutionary stage and includes the pre-main-sequence phase. We use bootstrapping and train many models to quantify the uncertainty of the model. To break the model’s intrinsic degeneracy resulting from overlapping evolutionary paths, we also built a hierarchical model that retrieves realistic posterior probability distributions of the stellar mass and age. We further test and train StelNet using a sample of stars with well-determined masses and ages from the literature.
Improve the Search of Very Metal-poor Stars Using the Deep Learning Method
Authors: Xie Jianhang , Bu Yude , Liang Junchao , Li Haining , Wang Xilu , Pan Jingchang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Very metal-poor (VMP) stars have [Fe/H] < −2.0 dex. They are among the oldest stars in the universe, and their unique metallicity can help explore the enrichment mechanism and evolutionary history of the chemical elements of stars in the early universe. However, most current stellar parameter estimation methods do not perform well in determining the stellar parameters of VMP stars, which limits our ability to discover and exploit the properties of VMP stars. In this study, we propose a new model based on a convolutional neural network to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters of VMP stars. We tested our model on the LAMOST spectra; our model can determine the effective temperature (T
eff), surface gravity (log g), metallicity ([Fe/H]), and carbon abundance ([C/Fe]) of the LAMOST spectra with precisions σ(T
eff) = 134.82 K,

σ
(
log

g
)

= 0.33 dex, σ ([Fe/H]) = 0.20 dex, and σ([C/Fe]) = 0.35 dex. Furthermore, our model can distinguish VMP stars from normal stars with an accuracy of 88.65%. We also compared this model with other widely used methods, and found that this method performs better than other methods. It can be applied to the stellar parameter pipelines of upcoming large surveys such as 4MOST, WEAVES, and MOONS to search for VMP stars and identify carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars.
How Temporal Symmetry Defines Morphology in BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Pulse Light Curves
Authors: Hakkila Jon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present compelling evidence that most gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulse light curves can be characterized by a smooth single-peaked component coupled with a more complex emission structure that is temporally symmetric around the time of the pulse peak. The model successfully fits 86% of Burst and Transient Source Experiment GRB pulses bright enough for structural properties to be measured. Surprisingly, a GRB pulse’s light-curve morphology can be accurately predicted by the pulse asymmetry and the stretching/compression needed to align the structural components preceding the temporal mirror with the time-reversed components following it. Such a prediction is only possible because GRB pulses exhibit temporal symmetry. Time-asymmetric pulses include fast rise exponential decays, rollercoaster pulses, and asymmetric u-pulses, while time-symmetric pulses include u-pulses and crowns. Each morphological type is characterized by specific asymmetries, stretching parameters, durations, and alignments between the smooth and structured components, and a delineation in the asymmetry/stretching distribution suggests that symmetric pulses and asymmetric pulses may belong to separate populations. Furthermore, pulses belonging to the short GRB class exhibit similar morphologies to the long GRB class, but appear to simply occur on shorter timescales.
Dynamo Model for North–South Asymmetry of Solar Activity
Authors: Kitchatinov Leonid , Khlystova Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Observations reveal a relatively small but statistically significant north–south (NS) asymmetry in sunspot activity varying on a timescale of several solar cycles. This paper proposes a dynamo model for the phenomenon of long-term NS asymmetry. The model separates dynamo equations for magnetic fields of dipolar and quadrupolar equatorial parity. The NS asymmetry results from the superposition of dipolar and quadrupolar fields. Model computations confirm the formerly proposed excitation of the quadrupolar dynamo mode by a dominant dipolar mode mediated by the equator-symmetric fluctuations in the α-effect as a mechanism for the long-term NS asymmetry. An analytically solvable example of oscillations excited by short-term random forcing is given to justify the numerical result of NS asymmetry coherent on a timescale of several (about six in the present model) solar cycles resulting from random variations in the α-effect on a timescale of one solar rotation. The model computations show the phase-locking phenomenon of dipolar and quadrupolar fields oscillating predominantly in phase (northern type asymmetry) or in antiphase (southern type asymmetry) with relatively short irregular transitions between these two states. Large asymmetry in the simulated Grand minima is found and explained by weak magnetic quenching of the α-effect during the minima. The possibility of polar field asymmetry in activity minima as a precursor of sunspot asymmetry in the following activity cycles is discussed based on the dynamo model and observations.
Relation of Cyclotron Resonant Energy and Luminosity in a Strongly Magnetized Neutron Star GRO J1008-57 Observed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen X. , Wang W. , Tang Y. M. , Ding Y. Z. , Tuo Y. L. , Mushtukov A. A. , Nishimura O. , Zhang S. N. , Ge M. Y. , Song L. M. , Lu F. J. , Zhang S. , Qu J. L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cyclotron line scattering features are detected in a few tens of X-ray pulsars (XRPs) and used as direct indicators of a strong magnetic field at the surface of accreting neutron stars (NSs). In a few cases, cyclotron lines are known to be variable with the accretion luminosity of XRPs. It is accepted that the observed variations of cyclotron line scattering features are related to variations of geometry and dynamics of accretion flow above the magnetic poles of an NS. A positive correlation between the line centroid energy and luminosity is typical for subcritical XRPs, where the accretion results in hot spots at the magnetic poles. The negative correlation was proposed to be a specific feature of bright supercritical XRPs, where radiation pressure supports accretion columns above the stellar surface. The cyclotron line in the spectra of the Be-transient XRP GRO J1008-57 is detected at energies from ∼75 to 90 keV, the highest observed energy of a cyclotron line feature in XRPs. We report the peculiar relation of cyclotron line centroid energies with luminosity in GRO J1008-57 during the Type II outburst in 2017 August observed by Insight-HXMT. The cyclotron line energy was detected to be negatively correlated with the luminosity at 3.2 × 1037 erg s−1 < L < 4.2 × 1037 erg s−1 and positively correlated at L ≳ 5 × 1037 erg s−1. We speculate that the observed peculiar behavior of a cyclotron line would be due to variations of accretion channel geometry.
Revitalisation rurale, monnaie locale et revenu d’autonomie
Authors: Bosqué Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

TERA, que nous présente l’initiateur du projet, est une association qui s’emploie à mettre sur pied un « écosystème coopératif territorial » en milieu rural avec la visée de promouvoir des activités de production dans le cadre de la transition écologique. La production locale de biens vitaux, la distribution en circuit court, la création d’une monnaie locale, la distribution d’un revenu d’autonomie et une gouvernance partagée sont à la base du projet qui se met en place, avec la participation d’une cinquantaine d’habitants-coopérateurs, dans des communes du Lot-et-Garonne placées en Zone de revitalisation rurale.
Un lieu commun et un lieu de convivialité
Authors: Tavernier Julie , Bourrel Clémentine 
Published: September 2021

Atelier Z se définit comme un tiers-lieu rural et littoral pour faire, coopérer et innover. À la fois lieu de vie, de rencontres, d’ateliers et d’événements festifs, Atelier Z écrit son histoire au fil des désirs et des projets de ses membres. Il se distingue aussi par une façon singulière d’allier le faire à la réflexion, le recours à la low-tech et le souci esthétique. Les autrices, deux nouvelles venues dans le collectif, ont recueilli la parole des membres pour donner corps à un texte polyphonique sur ce qui fait commun, mais aussi sur les combats des un·e·s et des autres, la pluralité des parcours et des motivations à fréquenter le lieu, et surtout sur les résonances pour chacun·e des « trois écologies » posées par Félix Guattari.
Le livre aussi a ses trois écologies
Authors: Association pour l’écologie du livr  
Published: September 2021

À quoi ressembleront les livres dans l’avenir ? C’est dans l’agencement de trois écologies (l’écologie matérielle, sociale et symbolique) que l’Association pour l’écologie du livre, née en 2019 en vue de sensibiliser l’interprofession aux enjeux de l’écologie, imagine un futur désirable et possible pour le livre. Nous avons sollicité sa contribution, et notre invitation a été très bien accueillie par ses animateur·trice·s. Cependant, étant donné les difficultés liées à la crise sanitaire en cours, l’association a renoncé à envisager une écriture collective nouvelle, comme Anaïs Massola et Marin Schaffner nous l’ont expliqué dans le courriel ici reproduit avec leur accord. Nous avons donc choisi de publier à sa suite « Les trois écologies du livre », manifeste de l’association, ainsi que « La Communale », une écofiction réalisée dans le cadre d’un atelier d’écriture auquel ont participé plusieurs membres de l’association.
Les « ABCD de l’égalité », cas d’école de racialisation du sexisme
Authors: Massei Simon 
Published: September 2021

Les actions de lutte contre le sexisme à l’école tendent à se concentrer sur les classes populaires racisées. En partant de l’exemple de l’expérimentation des « ABCD de l’égalité », cet article interroge les ressorts de la racialisation de l’antisexisme scolaire aujourd’hui et examine les transformations de la politique d’éducation à l’égalité entre les sexes en France depuis les années 1970.
De situ Iliturgi, análisis arqueológico de su asedio en el contexto de la segunda guerra púnica
Authors: Bellón Ruiz Juan Pedro , Lechuga Chica Miguel Ángel , Rueda Galán Carmen , Moreno Padilla María Isabel , Quesada Sanz Fernando , Molinos Molinos Manuel , Ruiz Rodríguez Arturo , García-Bellido M.ª Paz , Nieto-Márquez Irene Ortiz , Vallés Iriso Javier 
Published: September 2021

El desarrollo del Proyecto “Metodología para el estudio arqueológico de campos de batalla y asedios de la segunda guerra púnica: Iliturgi, Castulo y Metauro (207-206 a. n. e.)” tiene entre sus principales objetivos la puesta en práctica de estrategias de análisis arqueológico destinadas a la investigación de la segunda guerra púnica, tratando de diferenciar contextos en campos de batalla, como el caso estudiado de Baecula, y asedios, para lo cual se escogió el caso práctico de contrastación y experimentación de Iliturgi, por Escipión el Africano, en el 206 a. n. e. Los trabajos de fotointerpretación, modelado digital del terreno, prospección geofísica y prospección y excavación arqueológica, unidos a una revisión crítica de los antecedentes historiográficos y arqueológicos referentes a los textos clásicos que narran el papel destacado de Iliturgi en la segunda guerra púnica, nos conducen a proponer una localización distinta para este oppidum del Alto Guadalquivir, tradicionalmente situado en Cerro Maquiz. Planteamos que esta ciudad debe situarse en dos emplazamientos distintos: en el Cerro de la Muela, entre los siglos VI y III a. n. e. y en Cerro Maquiz, a partir del siglo II a. n. e., formando parte, en todo caso, de un mismo proceso histórico.
Articuler construction des savoirs, pratiques écrites et orales au lycée : le rôle du débat interprétatif délibératif en classe de français
Authors: Rossignol Marie-France , Marin Brigitte 
Published: September 2021

Préconisé dans les curricula scolaires depuis une dizaine d’années, le genre oral du débat peine à s’installer en tant que pratique de classe régulière, notamment au lycée : sa scolarisation est fragilisée par la contamination de pratiques sociales de référence peu fructueuses en termes d’apprentissage, telles celles du débat médiatique. Pourtant, le débat ne manque pas d’atouts, en particulier dans la classe de français : articulé aux enjeux épistémologiques disciplinaires, adossé à des pratiques sociales de référence plus modélisantes, inscrit dans une pratique de classe régulée et récurrente, il permet de développer de nombreux champs de compétences dans un cadre tendant à neutraliser chez les élèves les effets différenciateurs. Notre article montre, à partir de l’analyse d’une séance prototypique de débat interprétatif délibératif en classe de seconde, comment le dispositif crée un espace de parole sécurisé, collaboratif, et encourage chez les lycéens l’adoption d’une posture réflexive propice aux apprentissages, notamment dans les domaines dialogique et interactionnel. L’activité cognitive visée ne permet pas la réalisation de tous les objectifs d’apprentissage initiaux, ambitieux ; mais elle contribue à stabiliser chez la plupart des élèves, sur un mode plus égalitaire, des savoirs et des savoir-faire disciplinaires et transversaux : elle développe notamment des compétences de lecture littéraire plus expertes ainsi que des compétences sociales et civiques révélatrices du processus de construction identitaire de chacun au sein du groupe-classe.
Comment les étudiants en formation à l’enseignement pensent-ils l’aide aux élèves en difficulté ?
Authors: Breithaupt Sandrine 
Published: September 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche menée en formation initiale (3ème et dernière année de la formation) à l’enseignement primaire vaudois (en Suisse). Elle vise à comprendre comment les futurs enseignants perçoivent les élèves en difficulté, plus spécifiquement, ce qu’ils évoquent lorsqu’ils mentionnent les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves et, pour terminer, ce qu’ils envisagent comme aide aux élèves en difficulté. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants focalisent leur attention sur trois catégories de représentations de la difficulté, les « aspects conceptuels », les « attitudes et comportements observables », les « aspects motivationnels et cognitifs ». Pour répondre aux difficultés, deux interventions sont privilégiées, la mise en place d’un suivi psychologique et le placement des élèves dans un petit groupe hors de la classe.
O uso da técnica do mata-leão em abordagem policial: um estudo multimodal de fala-em-interação
Authors: Velasco Amanda Dinucci Almeida Bühler , De Oliveira Maria do Carmo Leite , Gago Paulo Cortes 
Published: September 2021

O uso ético da força em abordagens policiais tem recebido cada vez mais destaque na discussão sobre a violência policial no Brasil e no mundo. Neste artigo, examinamos, à luz da Análise da Conversa Multimodal (ACM), um vídeo postado no YouTube que registra o emprego da técnica de imobilização conhecida popularmente como mata-leão. Os resultados demonstram que a tomada de decisão do uso da força é um processo interpretativo, coconstruído interacionalmente. Considerando-se os protocolos institucionais oficiais sobre o uso progressivo da força, a videoanálise indica adiantamento de condutas corporificadas de coerção dos policiais. Revela também modelos culturais postos em ação na conduta policial. Assim, reivindicamos a relevância dos conhecimentos interacionais como nova chave analítica para se entender a tomada de decisão policial e o uso progressivo da força, destacando-se seu potencial para a formação policial.
Palavras-chave: Análise da Conversa Multimodal; Mata-leão; Violência Policial.
TLR-4 Agonist Induces IFN-γ Production Selectively in Proinflammatory Human M1 Macrophages through the PI3K-mTOR– and JNK-MAPK–Activated p70S6K Pathway
Authors: Gajanayaka Niranjala , Dong Simon Xin Min , Ali Hamza , Iqbal Salma , Mookerjee Ananda , Lawton David A , Caballero Ramon Edwin , Cassol Edana , Cameron Donald William , Angel Jonathan B , Crawley Angela M , Kumar Ashok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T cells and NK cells, activates macrophages and engages mechanisms to control pathogens. Although there is evidence of IFN-γ production by murine macrophages, IFN-γ production by normal human macrophages and their subsets remains unknown. Herein, we show that human M1 macrophages generated by IFN-γ and IL-12– and IL-18–stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages (M0) produce significant levels of IFN-γ. Further stimulation of IL-12/IL-18–primed macrophages or M1 macrophages with agonists for TLR-2, TLR-3, or TLR-4 significantly enhanced IFN-γ production in contrast to the similarly stimulated M0, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophages. Similarly, M1 macrophages generated from COVID-19–infected patients’ macrophages produced IFN-γ that was enhanced following LPS stimulation. The inhibition of M1 differentiation by Jak inhibitors reversed LPS-induced IFN-γ production, suggesting that differentiation with IFN-γ plays a key role in IFN-γ induction. We subsequently investigated the signaling pathway(s) responsible for TLR-4–induced IFN-γ production in M1 macrophages. Our results show that TLR-4–induced IFN-γ production is regulated by the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) through the activation of PI3K, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2), and the JNK MAPK pathways. These results suggest that M1-derived IFN-γ may play a key role in inflammation that may be augmented following bacterial/viral infections. Moreover, blocking the mTORC1/2, PI3K, and JNK MAPKs in macrophages may be of potential translational significance in preventing macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Evolution of Cytomegalovirus-Responsive T Cell Clonality following Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Higdon Lauren E , Schaffert Steven , Huang Huang , Montez-Rath Maria E , Lucia Marc , Jha Alokkumar , Saligrama Naresha , Margulies Kenneth B , Martinez Olivia M , Davis Mark M , Khatri Purvesh , Maltzman Jonathan S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
CMV infection is a significant complication after solid organ transplantation. We used single cell TCR αβ sequencing to determine how memory inflation impacts clonality and diversity of the CMV-responsive CD8 and CD4 T cell repertoire in the first year after transplantation in human subjects. We observed CD8 T cell inflation but no changes in clonal diversity, indicating homeostatic stability in clones. In contrast, the CD4 repertoire was diverse and stable over time, with no evidence of CMV-responsive CD4 T cell expansion. We identified shared CDR3 TCR motifs among patients but no public CMV-specific TCRs. Temporal changes in clonality in response to transplantation and in the absence of detectable viral reactivation suggest changes in the repertoire immediately after transplantation followed by an expansion with stable clonal competition that may mediate protection.
Functional Consequences of Memory Inflation after Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Higdon Lauren E , Schaffert Steven , Cohen Rachel H , Montez-Rath Maria E , Lucia Marc , Saligrama Naresha , Margulies Kenneth B , Martinez Olivia M , Tan Jane C , Davis Mark M , Khatri Purvesh , Maltzman Jonathan S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
CMV is a major infectious complication following solid organ transplantation. Reactivation of CMV leads to memory inflation, a process in which CD8 T cells expand over time. Memory inflation is associated with specific changes in T cell function, including increased oligoclonality, decreased cytokine production, and terminal differentiation. To address whether memory inflation during the first year after transplantation in human subjects alters T cell differentiation and function, we employed single-cell–matched TCRαβ and targeted gene expression sequencing. Expanded T cell clones exhibited a terminally differentiated, immunosenescent, and polyfunctional phenotype whereas rare clones were less differentiated. Clonal expansion occurring between pre- and 3 mo posttransplant was accompanied by enhancement of polyfunctionality. In contrast, polyfunctionality and differentiation state were largely maintained between 3 and 12 mo posttransplant. Highly expanded clones had a higher degree of polyfunctionality than rare clones. Thus, CMV-responsive CD8 T cells differentiated during the pre- to posttransplant period then maintained their differentiation state and functional capacity despite posttransplant clonal expansion.