bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study from SICOLDE
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Xueyan , Yue Feng , Wang Luyao , Henning Boecker , Ying Han , Jiang Jiehui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionExploring functional connectivity (FC) alterations is important for the understanding of underlying neuronal network alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The objective of this study was to discover stable and subtle dynamic functional connectivity (FC) changes in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to explore the associations between dynamic FCs and amyloid accumulation.MethodsNinety-seven normal control (NC) subjects, 101 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) subjects, and 55 cognitive impairment (CI) subjects with neuropsychological assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images constituted the whole cohort. Of these, 29 NCs and 52 SCDs with amyloid images were selected as the sub-cohort. First, independent components (ICs) identified by group independent component analysis (ICA) were used to define static and dynamic brain networks. Static and sliding-window dynamic FCs were then calculated. Second, the connection between each pair of ICs was compared between groups in the two cohorts. Hubs were obtained and considered as seeds in the subsequent seed-based dynamic FC analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the seed-based dynamic FC maps between groups in the whole cohort, while a 2×2 ANOVA model was used to measure the group or amyloid effects in the sub-cohort. Post-hoc analysis was applied, and differences were considered significant if the cluster-level FWE-corrected p-value was less than 0.001. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted between the altered dynamic FCs, neuropsychological assessments, and amyloid burden.ResultsThe results showed that 42 ICs were revealed. Compared with the static FCs, the dynamic FCs were found to be more stable and sensitive between groups. The effective dynamic FCs included those between the salience/ventral attention network, the default mode network, and the visual network. Specifically, the dynamic FC of the thalamus/caudate (IC 25) drove the hub role in the group differences between the NC and SCD groups. In the seed-based dynamic FC analysis, the dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and the middle temporal/frontal gyrus was observed to be higher in the SCD and CI groups in the whole cohort. Moreover, a higher dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and visual cortex was observed in the amyloid positive group. Finally, the altered dynamic FC was associated with the amyloid global level standardized uptake value ratio.ConclusionOur findings indicate that dynamic FCs can reflect subtle changes in the preclinical stage of AD.
Energy-Efficient Full-Duplex Transmission Strategies Design in Two-Way AF Relay Networks With SWIPT
Authors: Cai Caixia , Xu Xiaoyan , Hai Han , Jiang Xue-Qin , Qiu Runhe , Jia Fengde 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper designs two energy-efficient full-duplex transmission strategies to maximize energy efficiency (EE) of two-way amplify-and-forward relay (TWAFR) networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. In the two designed transmission strategies, there are direct links (DLs) between two end nodes and the DLs can be used to convey more information. At the same time, one of the end nodes is considered battery limited and has the capability of energy harvesting from the received signals. With the first designed transmission strategy, the EE can be maximized by optimizing the power allocation, and the analytical expressions of optimal power allocation (OPA) are obtained with transformation of EE maximization problem. With the second transmission strategy, the EE can also be maximized by optimizing the power allocation, and the numerical solutions of OPA are obtained with alternating optimal algorithm. Simulations show that the EEs of the TWAFR networks can be improved with our two designed transmission strategies.
Potential Impacts of Changing Precipitation Patterns on Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean (Glycine Max L.) as Mediated by Landscape Position and Tillage
Authors: Glanville Kathryn , Robertson G. Philip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeExpected changes in rainfall patterns will affect the timing of N-mineralization and other N transformations, potentially promoting or suppressing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). We test the hypotheses that BNF is more sensitive to changing rainfall patterns in summit vs. toeslope positions and in till vs. no-till consistent with patterns of soil texture and organic matter.MethodsAt a site in the upper Midwest USA, we measured soybean BNF 15N natural abundance at different landscape positions with and without supplemental rainfall and in till vs. no-till rainfall exclusion shelters to lengthen the dry periods between rainfall events. ResultsSoybean BNF was 41% higher at summit than toeslope positions, consistent with lower soil OM and coarser texture at summits. When precipitation was increased by 20%, BNF decreased at summit positions and was unaffected at toeslope positions. In a separate tillage experiment, with 3-week (but not 2-week) rainfall intervals, %BNF decreased 15% under conventional tillage and increased 14% under no-till. ConclusionsChanging rainfall patterns affected BNF differentially depending on landscape position and tillage in well-drained Alfisols. BNF was greater in summit than in toeslope positions and decreased with added rainfall. BNF under conventional tillage was more sensitive to longer rainfall intervals than was BNF under no-till. Models that incorporate these interactions will be better able to characterize legume crop performance and N use across landscapes and improve global estimates for BNF.
GIS and Remote Sensing Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Abine Raphel Etoyiva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The physical and tectonic setting exposes the western part of Cameroon to natural and anthropogenic hazards. Small scale landslides with devastating effects are recurrent along the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Limited studies have addressed the susceptibility to sliding in the area. This study therefore aimed at producing a landslide susceptibility map of the West Region to aid local and national authorities in land use planning and policy to minimise loss. Eleven conditioning and triggering factors were selected to investigate landslide susceptibility in the study area. These factors include; slope angle, lithology, soil, slope aspect, elevation, rainfall, geological faults, land use, normalised difference vegetation index, roads and river networks. These factors were assigned weights using the analytical hierarchy process. The weighted linear combination technique was used to derive landslide susceptibility indices and the susceptibility map. The map was reclassified into five classes; very low, low, moderate, high and very susceptibility class. About 16% (2180 km2) of the study area lies within the high to very high class while 47% (6512 km2) is found within the moderate class. Steep slopes, weathered volcanic rocks and thick soil cover at high elevations control the distribution of landslides while high intensity rainfall is the main triggering factor. Residential houses and road infrastructures along steep slopes are the most vulnerable to sliding. Site specific assessment needs to be conducted in order to implement effective mitigation measures.
A Novel Composite of Ionic Liquid-containing Polymer and Metal-organic Framework as an Efficient Catalyst for Ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Koohestani Fatemeh , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was then used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal-organic framework. The resultant composite was characterized with XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDS and elemental mapping analyses and its catalytic activity was appraised for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation. The results confirmed that the prepared composite could promote the reaction efficiently to furnish the corresponding products in high yields in very short reaction times. Moreover, the composite exhibited high recyclability up to six runs. It was also established that the activity of the composite was higher compared to pristine metal-organic framework or polymer.
Detection of Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns in Patients with Orbital Fractures using Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation
Authors: Chen Min-Jie , Huang Rong , Ge Qian-Min , Zhang Li-Juan , Shu Hui-Ye , Pan Yi-Cong , Liang Rong-Bin , Li Qiu-Yu , Shao Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To date, no in-depth study has been conducted on the intrinsic pathological relationship between altered brain activity and related behavioral changes in patients with orbital fracture (OF).The present research aimed to explore the potential functional network cerebrum activities in patients with OF using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging–fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (rsfMRI-fALFF). 20 patients with OF and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included, closely matched in terms of gender, age, weight and education level. To record spontaneous cerebral activity changes, the rsfMRI-fALFF tool was applied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to analyze mean fALFF values. The Hospital Depression and Anxiety scale was applied to reveal the relationship between emotional states and fALFF values of the right superior temporal gyrus in OF patients.Compared with HCs, significantly lower fALFF values were detected in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (LACG) and right superior temporal gyrus (RSTG) in patients with OF. The mean fALFF values of the RSTG negatively correlated with the depression score as well as anxiety score.The finding of abnormal spontaneous activities in cerebral regions may contribute to more comprehensive understanding of the potential neural network changes in patients with OF.
Calculation method of short-duration rainstorm intensity formula considering nonstationarity of rainfall series: impacts on the simulation of urban drainage system
Authors: Wu Zening , Liu Shifeng , Wang Huiliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe changing nature of the Earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, the stability of rainfall series is destroyed and it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A generalized additive model (GAMLSS) with time as covariant was established to calculate and predict the design values of extreme rainstorm return period, and the nonstationary short-duration rainstorm intensity formula of three periods was fitted and compared with the stationary formula. The urban water simulation model and the MIKE 21 two-dimensional surface flow model are coupled to simulate the urban flood under different formulas and different return periods. The results show that the nonstationary results are worse in the same period. In the 5-year return period rainfall–runoff simulation performance, the nonstationary inundation area is 18.5% more than the stationary, and inundation water is 23.5% more than the stationary. The nonstationary simulation results show higher inundation depth and slower flood recession process. These gaps will widen in the future, but they will become less significant as the return period increases. It can provide a reference for the study of flood control work and the design of existing drainage infrastructure in the region.
Low Area and High Bit Resolution Flash Analog to Digital Converter for
Wide Band Applications: A Review
Authors: Krishna Banoth , Gill Sandeep Singh , Kumar Amod 
Published: August 2021

:
This work reviews the design challenges of CMOS flash type Analog-to-Digital Converter
(ADC) for making high bit resolution, low area, low noise, low offset, and power-efficient architecture.
Low-bit resolution flash ADC architecture, high-speed applications, and wide-area parallel comparators
are identified on their suitability of the design for ADCs. These are effective in the area and bit resolution.
The overview includes bit resolution, area, power dissipation, bandwidth and offset noise consideration
for high-speed flash ADC design. A MUX-based two-step half flash architecture is considered
for applications requiring 1 GHz 16-bit resolution low area and low power consumption. An advanced
comparator, MUX, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and MUX-based encoder are also
reviewed. The design of technology-efficient ADC architecture is highly challenging for the analog designer.
New coronavirus disease (COVID-19): symptoms, laboratory blood indicators in the critically ill and dead patients
Authors: Trykhlib V.I. , Kazmirchuk A.P. , Grushkevych V.V. , Burakova T.V. 
Published: August 2021

The article states that the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a range of clinical manifestations, the development of various complications, inconsistency of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of the patient’s state, which the authors have observed so far according to the results of our previous studies. A review of the literature is presented on the symptoms, laboratory blood tests of critically ill patients who recovered and those who died of a new COVID-19. Among the hospitalized seriously ill patients, there were mostly men, a significant number had comorbidities. According to the literature, hospitalized critically ill patients with confirmed new COVID-19 in most cases had cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, lymphopenia. Other symptoms include sputum, headache, dizziness, rhinorrhea, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and muscle pain. The study concluded that doctors, especially after 3 days of illness, when assessing the state of the patient, should pay attention to the following data or their severity, a combination of several symptoms that may suggest the need for hospitalization, particularly in the intensive care unit: the age of the patient; the presence of concomitant pathology (cardiovascular, cerebral, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity), especially in the stage of decompensation; the presence and extent of impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale); cyanosis, pallor of the skin, mucous membranes; acrocyanosis or central cyanosis; duration of fever (> 38 °C) more than 3 days, especially > 39 °C; manifestations of dyspnea (chest tightness, shortness of breath or tachypnea, shortness of breath during exercises), respiratory rate > 24 beats per minute or < 10; heart rate ≥ 125 beats per minute (measured when the patient is sitting); systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg; SOFA score > 2; CURB-65 score > 2; the presence of signs of emergencies (acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, bleedings and others); SpO2 < 93 %; leukocytosis > 10 • 109/l, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, serum C-reactive protein > 10 mg/l; an increase in prothrombin time (> 16), in the levels of D-dimer (> 1.5 ng/ml), ferritin (> 300), lactate dehydrogenase (above 360 U/l), procalcitonin (≥ 0.5 ng/ml), lactate (> 2 mmol/L), NT-proBNP (≥ 400 pg/ml), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (> 5 pg/ml), changes on the electrocardiogram; lung damage more than 25 % according to computed tomography.
Clinical and laboratory manifestations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and deceased people
Authors: Lysko V.I.  , Moroz А.V. , Holubenko O.S. , Chaika S.M. , Samoilova S.M. , Popova S.S. , Shevelova T.I. , Nasibullin O.Kh. , Chub I.V. , Burakova T.V. , Boklan Yu.O. , Trykhlib V.I. , Danylenko Yu.I. , Kulova O.V. , Samoilenko O.I. , Hrushkevych V.V. , Nevmerzhytsky S.O. , Tsiurak N.R. , Bieliaieva K.P. , Martynchyk О.S. , Yeroshenko A.O. , Lysenko T.I. 
Published: August 2021

This article provides a review of the literature on the symptoms, laboratory blood values of critically ill patients who recovered and those who died of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Physicians should consider the following when predicting the course of the disease: in the first 3 days after admission, patients who recovered were slightly more likely to have leukocytosis and leukopenia, normal and increased lymphocyte counts; there were more individuals with increased number of band neutrophils, and patients who subsequently died were more likely to have normocytosis, granulocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The evaluation of laboratory indices in dynamics is of great importance for the prognosis: patients who recovered, on day 4–6 had a less pronounced growth of leukocytes and subsequently, on the contrary, their reduction; on day 4–6 of hospital stay, there was a decrease in the number of lymphocytes with subsequent growth; high creatine phosphokinase values at the beginning of hospitalization decreased significantly from day 7–9 to reference values; from the time of hospitalization, there was a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase content; the average prothrombin index tended to decrease, but within normal limits. Patients who died later, already from day 4–6 had an increase in leukocyte count, a decrease in lymphocyte level; thrombocytopenia was registered more often, which persisted with time and decreased significantly, especially after 9 days; in all periods of observation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher (median of 30–40 mm/h); from day 7, there were significant fluctuations in maximum creatine phosphokinase values with their significant increase; at the beginning of hospitalization, these patients had higher lactate dehydrogenase levels compared to the first group and maintained their advantages during all periods of observation with significant fluctuations of maximal values; when comparing these patients by observation periods, there were slight fluctuations in the prothrombin index, which most often registered in about 80 % of patients with a subsequent increase after day 9, but within normal limits; also, at the beginning of hospitalization, there were significant fluctuations in the minimum prothrombin index towards very low rates.
Efficacy of a combination of regional methods of anesthesia with general anesthesia in corneal transplantation
Authors: Mynka N.V. , Kobelyatsky Yu.Yu. 
Published: August 2021

Background. Despite the significant development of modern anesthesiology, the pain relief of surgical patients is still unsatisfactory. Inadequate pain management causes psychological discomfort and complications. The combination of general anesthesia with various options for local anesthesia allows one to get closer to solving the problem of pain. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of multicomponent balanced anesthesia (intravenous + inhalation) and multicomponent balanced anesthesia, supplemented by pterygopalatine fossa blockade on the safety and efficacy of anesthesia for corneal transplantation. Materials and methods. The study included 73 patients, divided into two groups. Group С received multicomponent balanced anesthesia, group B — pterygopalatine fossa blockade additionally. The main criteria for evaluating the results of the study were: stability of hemodynamics and gas exchange during surgery, the severity of intraoperative pain syndrome by recording the analgesia nociception index, the severity of postoperative pain syndrome and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Results. Both schemes of anesthetic management made it possible to avoid pronounced fluctuations in hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters at all stages of the study. Analyzing the severity of intraoperative pain, we found that in group С, pain relief could be considered insufficient during the first 7 minutes of the most traumatic stage of the operation, while in group B the analgesia nociception index did not decrease below 50. Statistically significant differences were obtained during 8 out of 10 minutes of the stage. Analysis of the pain relief quality in the postoperative period has shown that the level of pain according to the visual analogue scale upon awakening was equal to 0 in both groups, at the next three stages of the study (two and six hours after surgery and on the morning of the next day) the level pain in group C was significantly higher than in group B. Conclusions. The addition of regional blockade to multicomponent general anesthesia allows for adequate control of postoperative pain without compromising the safety profile.
A importância da manufatura aditiva no processo de design de embalagens
Authors: Barros Rubenio dos Santos , Lopes Diniz Raimundo , Moreira Santos Denilson , Porto Bontempo Karina 
Published: August 2021

A Manufatura Aditiva (Additive Manufacturing– AM), contribui para o design de produtos ao materializar ideias e projetos, se caracterizando como uma ferramenta importante no processo criativo. Nesse sentido, este artigo discute a influência da utilização da AM no processo de design de embalagens, sendo descritos os momentos nos quais foram tomadas ações para a concretização das ideias e como a AM contribuiu para o refinamento da embalagem. Para tal, a AM foi aplicada no projeto de redesign das embalagens de Memórias de Resultado (MRs), que são dispositivos que armazenam informações para o funcionamento das urnas eletrônicas. A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, objetivo exploratório e teve como procedimento um estudo de caso. A AM foi incorporada como uma ferramenta dentro de uma metodologia específica para o design de embalagens, o Guia de Orientação para o Desenvolvimento de Embalagens (GODE). O uso da tecnologia perpassou diversas etapas do processo de design, com a construção de modelos (representações tridimensionais) específicos para melhor compreensão e análise das especificações. Foram incorporadas ainda técnicas para obtenção de auxílio de profissionais e usuários para avaliação a partir das peças desenvolvidas por AM, como a técnica Delphi e a ferramenta Thinking Out Loud. A AM demonstrou a eficácia das configurações da embalagem de uma forma que a descrição verbal ou a imagem bidimensional seria incapaz de comunicar. Auxiliou ainda na melhor compreensão do projeto pela equipe de design e por indivíduos externo ao grupo de projetação, contribuindo para as discussões de melhorias de forma dinâmica e contínua. Os testes com os protótipos geraram feedbacks que resultaram em refinamentos, como a ampliação das medidas da área de acondicionamento para que a remoção da MR não demandasse do usuário força maior que o ideal. Em suma, pode-se afirmar que a AM contribuiu para o êxito do projeto da embalagem, tendo auxiliado na checagem das proposições, numa maior aproximação com os usuários finais, na obtenção de maior precisão durante o processo de design, na incorporação de melhorias de usabilidade, e na identificação de fragilidades estruturais, alcançando maior proximidade das configurações da embalagem final antes da produção.