bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing in the margins: Considerations for safe operating limits
Authors: Dee Sean J. , Ogle Russell A. , Walters Matthew S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen learning how to write, school‐age children are often told, “Do not write in the margins.” This guidance is important because it instills in a child the sense of where text is best placed on a piece of paper. The same is true for chemical processes—normal operating limits define the area where a process is best operated. However, processes may occasionally stray into the margins beyond the operating limits. As a result, facilities may need to define safety margins where temporary operation beyond the normal operating limits is tolerable. In this paper, guidance will be provided for understanding and setting operating limits and safety margins for chemical processes. Good practices from the industry for defining and setting limits, as well as documenting and communicating the limits to operational staff, will be discussed. Last, a case study that examines safe operating limits, alarm setpoints, interlocks, and process safety information for a dryer processing a thermally unstable material will be presented to illustrate the concepts of the paper.
Seed treatment for managing fall armyworm as a defoliator and cutworm on maize: plant protection, residuality, and the insect life history
Authors: Oliveira Camila , Orozco‐Restrepo Silvana M , Alves Antônio CL , Pinto Braullio S , Miranda Morgana S , Barbosa Márcio HP , Picanço Marcelo C , Pereira Eliseu JG 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe highly polyphagous and invasive fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) can feed on different plant parts of host crops, damaging whorls and stalks in early maize growth stages. Systemic insecticide seed treatment (IST) could minimize this damage, although the residual efficacy may vary with the plant tissue damaged. Using damage rating scales and artificial infestation in controlled conditions, we determined the potential of IST against FAW attacking maize whorl leaves or the stalk base.RESULTSChlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked. The residual efficacy (i.e. time after plant emergence sustaining > 80% larval mortality) lasted from the first to the eleventh day (VE–V3 maize growth stages), while for cutworm on the maize stalk base, it lasted 3–7 days after plant emergence (V1–V2 stages). In terms of damage, the ISTs lasted 15 days after emergence (V4 stage) for FAW on whorl leaves and 10 days (V3 stage) for FAW feeding on the stalk base. The larvae surviving on the seed‐treated plants underwent sublethal effects in growth and development, reducing insect fitness.CONCLUSIONDiamide or carbamate + neonicotinoid seed treatments kill FAW larvae on maize whorls or stalks in favorable edaphoclimatic and insecticide‐susceptibility conditions. The cumulative impacts of systemic IST on aboveground insect pests go beyond mortality. The ISTs studied can be valuable against FAW in maize, for instance, to help protect varieties that may not express sufficient insect resistance in maize early growth stages.
Sliding mode switched control for Markovian jumping systems subject to intermittent DoS attacks
Authors: Chen Bei , Niu Yugang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the sliding mode control (SMC) of Markovian jumping systems subject to network attacks. The transmission from the sensor to the controller may be attacked via the intermittent denial‐of‐service (DoS) pattern. A key issue is to establish a unified SMC framework under different DoS attack status. To this end, a mode‐detector is first employed to estimate the system mode that is unavailable under DoS attacks. And then, a synchronous/asynchronous switching estimator is constructed to observe the unmeasurable system state, meanwhile, estimate the attacked system output. Based on the above estimator, a synchronous/asynchronous switching sliding mode controller is designed, the corresponding sufficient conditions are derived by introducing a novel Lyapunov function. Finally, the proposed switching SMC strategy is illustrated via the simulation examples.
Feedback linearization of nonlinear differential‐algebraic control systems
Authors: Chen Yahao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study feedback linearization problems for nonlinear differential‐algebraic control systems (DACSs). We consider two kinds of feedback equivalences, namely, external feedback equivalence, which is defined (locally) on the whole generalized state space, and internal feedback equivalence, which is defined on the locally maximal controlled invariant submanifold (i.e., on the set where solutions exist). We define a notion called explicitation with driving variables, which is a class of ordinary differential equation control systems (ODECSs) attaching to a given DACS. Then we give necessary and sufficient conditions for both internal and external feedback linearization problems of the DACS. We show that the feedback linearizability of the DACS is closely related to the involutivity of the linearizability distributions of the explicitation systems. Finally, we illustrate the results of the by an academic example and a constrained mechanical system.
Physical modelling of pipe culverts to assist upstream fish passage
Authors: Li Zhenglong , Harley Jason , Chanson Hubert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoad crossings and culverts may adversely impact the stream network connectivity and fish habitats of the catchment. Research into the passage of small‐body‐mass fish in pipe culverts has been relatively limited, compared to the literature for box culverts. For small‐bodied and juvenile fish species, the excessive barrel velocities are often a major hindrance, because of their weak swimming capabilities. In the present study, some physical testing of low‐velocity‐zones was undertaken in standard pipe culvert. The physical modelling was conducted under controlled flow conditions to test comparatively three designs, aiming to minimise the change in energy losses and to maximise low‐velocity zones and secondary circulation conducive to small‐body‐mass fish passage. In the whole pipe culvert experiment (Model 1), both baffle and longitudinal rail boundary treatments provided low‐velocity zones. The baffles however induced a strongly turbulent flow, associated with substantially larger energy dissipation than the reference smooth boundary pipe culvert. The longitudinal rail boundary treatment produced energy losses comparable to the smooth boundary reference configuration. Both boundary treatments were tested comparatively at near‐full‐scale (Model 2) to quantify the low‐velocity‐zone (LVZ) characteristics. The small longitudinal rail (0.06 m × 0.02 m), installed at 30° from the centreline, induced some flow asymmetry, as well as some low‐velocity‐zones on both sides of the rail. Some strong secondary motion was further observed as the combined effect of the flow asymmetry and singularities of the rail corners. The secondary motion structure was markedly different, and the distributions of the normal turbulent stresses (vz′2 − vy′2) showed key differences between the two boundary treatments, with the sharp corners of the rail contributing to the generation of secondary motion and in turn slow‐velocity regions facilitating the upstream passage of small‐body‐mass fish species and juveniles of larger fish.
Oxygen Vacancy Modulated TiP2O7‐y with Enhanced High‐rate Capabilities and Long‐term Cyclability used as Anode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ning , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Su Zhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxygen‐deficient TiP2O7‐y is synthesized by solvothermal and high‐temperature solid‐phase methods. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) test data analyses reveal that the solvothermal reaction time can affect the density of oxygen defects in the TiP2O7‐y. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR) shows that there is a blue shift in the P−O bond because of the presence of oxygen vacancies. It is strongly demonstrated that oxygen vacancies exist in TiP2O7‐y because electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) shows sharp peaks at g=2.003. Oxygen vacancy modulated TiP2O7‐y with exposed (541) face shows long cycling stability and super high‐rate capabilities. The initial discharge capacity of TiP2O7‐y, which was prepared after solvothermal reaction for 18 h, reached 828.4 mAh g−1. It can still maintain 246.9 mAh g−1, at 0.5 A g−1, after 500 cycles. Even cycled at 5 A g−1, the reversible rate capacity was maintained at 209.7 mAh g−1. Oxygen vacancies can not only improve the electronic conductivity of TiP2O7‐y but also increase the lithium‐ion diffusion rate.
Metal‐Doped Titanium Dioxide for Environmental Remediation, Hydrogen Evolution and Sensing: A Review
Authors: Mathew Sneha , John Bony K. , Abraham Thomas , Mathew Beena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTitanium dioxide is an essential photocatalyst for the purification of water and air and energy generation. Titanium dioxide shows relatively high chemical stability and reactivity under ultraviolet light (λ< 387 nm), the energy of which exceeds the 3.3 eV bandgap in the crystalline anatase phase. TiO2 is active under UV light, and its practical applicability is limited under visible light. Modification techniques like metal doping can enhance its activity under visible light. Metal doping is employed for introducing additional states in the TiO2 bandgap. Fewer energy transitions are required to cause visible light absorption by these impurities. This review focuses on the effects of metal‐doping and applications of metal‐doped TiO2 in the fields of environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution, and sensing.
Simultaneous Formation of Interphases on both Positive and Negative Electrodes in High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Xu , Pollard Travis P. , Zhao Wenguang , He Xin , Ju Xiaokang , Wang Jun , Du Leilei , Paillard Elie , Lin Hai , Xu Kang , Borodin Oleg , Winter Martin , Li Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) in “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte (WiSE) expands the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 3.0 V. However, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction that drives anode corrosion, cracking, and the subsequent reformation of SEI still occurs, compromising long‐term cycling performance of the batteries. To improve cycling stability, an unsaturated monomer acrylamide (AM) is introduced as an electrolyte additive, whose presence in WiSE reduces its viscosity and improves ionic conductivity. Upon charging, AM electropolymerizes into polyacrylamide, as confirmed both experimentally and computationally. The in situ polymer constitutes effective protection layers at both anode and cathode surfaces, and enables LiMn2O4||L‐TiO2 full cells with high specific capacity (157 mAh g−1 at 1 C), long‐term cycling stability (80% capacity retention within 200 cycles at 1 C), and high rate capability (79 mAh g−1 at 30 C). The in situ electropolymerization found in this work provides an alternative and highly effective strategy to design protective interphases at the negative and positive electrodes for high‐voltage aqueous batteries of lithium‐ion or beyond.
High Surface Area N‐Doped Carbon Fibers with Accessible Reaction Sites for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Xiao , Li Qiang , Cao Daxian , Wang Ying , Anderson Alexander , Zhu Hongli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPorous carbon plays a significant role in all‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) to enhance the electronic conductivity of sulfur. However, the conventional porous carbon used in cell with liquid electrolyte exhibits low efficiency in ASSLSBs because the immobile solid electrolyte (SE) cannot reach sulfur confined in the deep pores. The structure and distribution of pores in carbon highly impact the electrochemical performance of ASSLSBs. Herein, a N‐doped carbon fiber with micropores located only at the surface with an ultrahigh surface area of 1519 m2 g–1 is designed. As the porous layer is only on the surface, the sulfur hosted in the pores can effectively contact SE; meanwhile the dense core provides excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, this structurally designed carbon fiber enhances both electron and ion accessibilities, promotes charge transfer, and thus dramatically improves the reaction kinetic in the ASSLSBs and boosts sulfur utilization. Compared to the vapor grown carbon fibers, the ASSLSBs using PAN‐derived porous carbon fibers exhibit three times enhancement in the initial capacity of 1166 mAh g–1 at C/20. An exceedingly cycling stability of 710 mAh g–1 is maintained after 220 cycles at C/10, and satisfactory rate capability of 889 mAh g–1 at C/2 is achieved.
The transition of Riemann solutions of the modified Chaplygin gas equations with friction to the solutions of the Chaplygin gas equations
Authors: Guo Lihui , Li Tong , Yin Gan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with the transition of Riemann solutions of the modified Chaplygin gas equations with a source term to the corresponding solutions of the inhomogeneous Chaplygin gas system. Different from the homogeneous equations, the Riemann solutions of the inhomogeneous system are non self‐similar. As the parameter in the modified Chaplygin gas tends to zero, the behavior of the Riemann solutions is considered. The phenomenon of concentration and the formation of the delta shock wave are identified and analyzed systematically.
Comments on the paper “Thermodynamic modeling of a laser pulse heating in a rotating microelongated nonlocal thermoelastic solid due to G‐N theory, Mohamed I. M. Hilal, ZAMM, 2021, zamm.202100285, zamm.202100285.R1, https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202100285”
Authors: Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract Some errors exist in the above paper.
Back to the Drawing Board: Creative Mapping Methods for Inclusion and Connection
Authors: Reitz Talitta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe most well-known representation of the globe, the Mercator Projection, often provokes surprise for its considerable distortions: despite appearances, Greenland is almost five times smaller than Canada, and Russia is, in fact, approximately half the size it appears. Since the oldest civilizations, maps have relied on shifting knowledges to become more accurate and efficient, a process accelerated with science and technological development. But the unrealistic proportions of the Mercator map point to a critical reflection: maps show no absolute truths, nor are they neutral. Maps tell stories; they represent ideas as much as spaces, and exactitude is no synonym for neutrality. On the contrary, mapping is a cultural and political act. In the 1990s, geographers started to defy the power relationships of mapmaking with critical cartography. This critique, strongly supported by activists, opened new debates and representational possibilities in which scientific principles started to matter less than social and environmental justice, political participation, and storytelling. Within this framework, this chapter reflects on two alternative mapping methods used in the humanities and social sciences: social cartography and deep mapping. Each section introduces origins, theoretical frameworks, reception, and applications. Because these methods aim to rectify the abuse of power often enabled by scientific mapping, they use non-prescriptive mapmaking to legitimize neglected perspectives. Social Cartography is intrinsically participatory and uses mapping as a collaborative and critical practice. It challenges the role of traditional cartography in socio-political spheres, creating opportunities for new narratives and communities to be heard and understood. Deep maps represent abstract characteristics of a place. They can transcend the boundaries of bi-dimensional and pictorial representation, and consequently, reach different publics. The method is flexible, combining literature and immersive experiences to convey personal or subjective qualities of a place. Other expressions of deep mapping include audio and performative documentations. Social cartography and deep mapping operate against traditional mapmaking by reinforcing the notion that non-institutionalized maps are just as valid in guiding public actions and projects. As participatory practices within communities, these methods promote dialogue, empowerment, and transformation. Therefore, they are indispensable in ensuring democratic research and decision-making.
‘Getting Deep into Things’: Deep Mapping in a ‘Vacant’ Landscape
Authors: Humphris Imogen , Horlings Lummina G. , Biggs Iain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAreas in cities typically denoted as ‘Vacant and Derelict Land’ are frequently presented in policy documents as absent of meaning and awaiting development. However, visits to many of these sites offer evidence of abundant citizen activity occurring outside of planning policy. Dog walkers, DIY skatepark builders, pigeon fanciers and reminiscing former factory workers, for example, can all be found inscribing their own narratives, in palimpsest like fashion, upon these landscapes. This spatio-temporally bound and layered mix of contested meanings extend beyond representational capacity offered by traditional cartographic methods as employed in policy decision-making. Such a failure to represent these ecologies of citizen-led practices often results in their erasure at the point of formal redevelopment. In this chapter, we explore how one alternative approach may respond to these challenges of representation through a case study project in Glasgow, Scotland. Deep mapping is an ethnographically informed, arts research practice, drawing Cifford Geertz’s notion of ‘thick description’ into a visual-performative realm and seeking to extend beyond the thin map by creating multifaceted and open-ended descriptions of place. As such, deep maps are not only investigations into place but of equal concern are theprocessesby which representations of place are generated. Implicit in this are questions about the role of the researcher as initiator, gatherer, archivist or artist and the intertwining between the place and the self. As a methodological approach that embraces multiplicity and favours the ‘politicized, passionate, and partisan’ over the totalizing objectivity of traditional maps, deep mapping offers a potential to give voice to marginalized, micro-narratives existing in tension with one another and within dominant meta-narratives but also triggers new questions over inclusivity. This methodologically focused chapter explores the ways in which an ethnographically informed, arts research practice may offer alternative insight into spaces of non-aligned narratives. The results from this investigation will offer new framings of spaces within the urban landscape conventionally represented as vacant or empty and generate perspectives on how art research methods may provide valuable investigative tools for decision-makers working in such contexts. The deep mapping work is available to view athttp://www.govandeepmap.com.
Living Labs: A Creative and Collaborative Planning Approach
Authors: Rădulescu Maria Alina , Leendertse Wim , Arts Jos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommunities around the world are facing an increasing number of ‘wicked problems’, many of which are spatial issues. Therefore, high expectations are placed on the role of planning in addressing them. However, such complex challenges cannot be easily solved with the traditional, sectoral planning approaches, or by planners and decision-makers alone; they require a cross-sectoral and societal-inclusive understanding and collaboration of various kinds of stakeholders. Consequently, in the search for new approaches and tools that favour experimentation, flexibility, and collaboration, planners and decision-makers are turning their attention towards the private sector, where Living Labs have been extensively used in open and user-oriented innovation. Despite the growing number of studies that picture them as a ‘magic recipe’ for experimentation and development of creative solutions for ‘wicked problems’, Living Labs have only recently started gaining attention in the spatial domain. In this chapter, we position Living Labs as a creative and collaborative planning approach. Based on a literature review on Living Labs, and on empirical research carried out in three spatial planning and water infrastructure projects from the Netherlands, we propose a five-phased ‘living lab way of working’ and reflect on the role of Living Labs as a planning method. We end by outlining several recommendations that could be useful when considering the use of Living Labs as a planning method. The conclusion of this chapter shows that despite the challenges they pose, Living Labs represent a relevant and growing practice in spatial planning, especially because they provide a conducive way of connecting local-scale and larger-scale planning issues and solutions.
Supporting Institutional Transformations: Experimenting with Reflexive and Embodied Cross-Boundary Research
Authors: Giambartolomei Gloria , Franklin Alex , Fried Jana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe sustainable management of natural resources (SMNR) is concerned with socially and environmentally just decision-making processes around the access to, and the control over, natural resources. However, SMNR is imbued of multiple (and conflictual) intersecting knowledges, practice, expertise and value systems, as well as unequal power relations. This makes achieving meaningful and inclusive collaborative practices far from straightforward, and by no means easy to guarantee. This chapter discusses some evidence from Wales, drawing from a wider cross-boundary doctoral research project (led by the first author) on collaborative forms of SMNR, co-developed by a small transdisciplinary team of academics (the two co-authors) and (cross-divisional) civil servants within Welsh Government. Specifically, this chapter discusses the first author’s experience of transdisciplinary collaboration through the methodological lens provided by blending the Formative Accompanying Research (Freeth, R. (2019). Formative Accompanying Research with Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams. Doctoral Thesis.) and the Embodied Researcher approach (Horlings et al., 2020). We offer a critical reflection on the first-hand experience of co-experimenting alongside policy actors with alternative and more creative ways of working in the spaces in between the written publication and implementation of SMNR legislation and policy.We explore the role of creative methods such as Theory U (Scharmer, 2018) in further promoting collaborative processes of meaning-making in transdisciplinary research settings, highlighting their contribution towards enabling emotional and embodied ways of working to be forefronted. In so doing, the chapter illustrates the role of emotional labour, vulnerability and energy in such co-experimental work by emphasizing the need for the practicing of care in building relationships of trust and collaboration, especially within the context of just sustainability transformations. We conclude by stressing the importance of dedicating sufficient time and resources to enable a culture of care (Bellacasa, 2017; Tronto, 2013) such that embodied and collaborative ways of working can be more fully supported and understood within governmental institutions.