bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small molecule inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A in vivo does not disrupt glucose homeostasis in mice.
Authors: Lee Juyeon , Bharath Leena P. , Kim Ji‐Seok , Cho JaeMin , Park Seul‐Ki , Ruan Ting , Symons J David 
Published: June 2021

Identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention that might attenuate cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes is needed. Earlier we reported that mice treated with a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor (LB1; Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, NY; 1 mg/kg IP) of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) for the last 14 days of an obesogenic diet (12 weeks of fat‐feeding) did not display vascular PP2A hyperactivation, endothelial dysfunction, or hypertension that otherwise developed in fat‐fed mice treated with vehicle (Bharath et al, Diabetes, 2015). We concluded that PP2A hyperactivation should be considered further as a therapeutic target for intervention. Results from another laboratory group indicated that 2 mg/kg LB1 IP (3 hours) evoked hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic glycogen depletion in chow‐fed and fat‐fed (3 days) rats. The authors concluded that targeting PP2A hyperactivation should not be considered as a therapeutic intervention. Based on the incongruent conclusions from the two studies we tested the hypotheses that LB1 treatment for 14‐days impairs: (i) peripheral glucose homeostasis; (ii) hepatic glycogen content; and (iii) insulin‐mediated signal transduction in the liver. To test the first two hypotheses, 7‐week old male C57BL/6J mice consumed standard (Con) or high fat (HF) chow for 12 weeks. Subgroups of Con and HF mice received 1 mg/kg LB1 or saline (Veh) IP for the last 14 days. First, glucose and insulin tolerance testing indicated that LB1 treatment does not impair peripheral glucose homeostasis in Con mice or HF mice. Second, LB1 treatment did not lower hepatic glycogen content, p‐Akt2S474/Akt2, p‐Gsk3ɑS21/Gsk3ɑβ, or p‐GSS641/GS, in lean or obese mice under basal, random‐fed conditions. To test the third hypothesis, age‐matched male mice that consumed standard chow were treated with LB1 or Veh for 14 days. On day 15, after a 6 h fast, insulin or saline was administered (i.v.) to anesthetized mice, and segments of liver were collected to assess p‐Akt2S474/Akt2, p‐GSK3ɑS21/GSK3ɑ, and p‐GSS641/GS. Insulin‐mediated signal transduction in the liver was similar regardless of LB1 treatment. We conclude that LB1 treatment in mice for 14‐days does not impair: (i) peripheral glucose homeostasis; (ii) hepatic glycogen content; or (iii) insulin‐mediated signal transduction in the liver.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Diabetes Association (ADA: 1‐12‐BS‐208, ADA 7‐08‐RA‐164) and National Institutes of Health (NIH: 2R15HL091493) to JDSThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Central and Peripheral Body Fat Distribution on Insulin Resistance of Young Obese Women
Authors: Lopes‐Vicente Wanda R. P. , Cepeda Felipe X. , Hussid Maria Fernanda , Silva Leslie Virmondes , Alves Cléber R. , De Moura José Roberto , Consolim‐Colombo Fernanda M. , Tinucci Tais , Trombetta Ivani C. 
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that excess of fat in central region is the main substrate for pathophysiological alterations that leads obesity‐associated insulin resistance. Lately, in the medical practice the use of the waist circumference (WC) instead waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) is more usual. We hypothesized that WHR is a better tool to infer insulin resistance in young obese women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insulin‐sensitive/insulin‐resistant in young obese women within central and peripheral body fat distribution. We studied 61 young obese women (BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2) with WC ≥ 88 cm and without comorbidities. They were divided into: with central fat distribution (CF), defined as waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.85 cm (n=30, 33±7 y), and with peripheral fat distribution (PF) with WHR < 0.85 cm (n=31, 33±6 y). All volunteers were submitted to anthropometric, glycemic and insulin measurements and indexes: fasting, HOMA‐IR, QUICKI and area under the curve (AUC) during the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) to assess the insulin sensitivity. Despite the fat distribution, CF and PF shown similar anthropometric measures (weight= 86.8±8.5 vs.87.6±8.3 kg, WC= 109±6 vs.106±8 cm, BMI= 33.2±2.7 vs. 33.7±2.4 kg/m2; respectively, p>0.05). Also, both obese groups, CF and PF, showed normal fasting glucose (84±10 vs. 82±10 mg/dL, p=0.420), based in the IDF criteria (<100mg/dL). However, the group CF compared with PF presented elevated fasting insulin (17.8±8.2 vs. 12.6±6.8 uUI/mL, p=0.008), HOMA‐IR (3.7±1.9 vs. 2.6±1.6 uUI/mL, p=0.011), reduced QUICKI (0.322±0.025 vs. 0.340±0.025, p=0.007). Furthermore, the group CF compared with PF had lower insulin sensitivity as AUCglucose/AUCinsulin ratio from OGTT (1.42±0.67 vs. 2.12±0.86, p=0.001). In conclusion, our data demonstrated that in young obese women with similar WC and fasting glucose, the central body fat distribution increase insulin‐resistant, emphasizing the importance in used the waist‐to‐hip ratio as important tool for identify the additional risk factor in obesity young women.Support or Funding Information#Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), SP ‐ Brazil.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Isolated Muscle Training on Vasomotor Response and Peripheral Blood Flow
Authors: Bisconti Angela Valentina , Venturelli Massimo , Cè Emiliano , Longo Stefano , Fantauzzi Alessia , Esposito Fabio 
Published: June 2021

The vasomotor response, a marker of cardiovascular health, refers to the adaptability of the inner lining of blood vessels to maintain the homeostasis of vascular tone. The two main control systems that underpin this response are: the systemic autonomic control, with the sympathetic branch mediated vasoconstriction, and the endothelial cells response to mechanical and chemical stimuli, that results in smooth muscles cell vasodilation. During exercise the peripheral circulation is mostly mediated by local control, and the peripheral blood flow (BF) increases in all body districts directly involved and not involved by physical exercise. The vasodilation response depends on the magnitude of the stimulus received. To date, vascular adaptations in the brachial artery not involved in an isolated leg muscle training, is still unclear/unknown. Repetitive changes in BF occurring during exercise training may act as vascular training for vessels supplying the active muscle bed and ones distal to the active muscle. Therefore, the study aim was to evaluate the effects of isolated quadriceps muscle training (IQT) on vasomotor response in the lower limb directly involved with exercise (femoral artery) and on the upper limb, not involved with IQT (brachial artery). Ten healthy participants (4 M and 6 F; 23±3 yrs) underwent eight weeks of IQT (3 days/week; ~ 40 min; 50 – 90% WRM) at different intensities. Maximum work rate (MWR) was assessed before, during (every 2 weeks, to redefine the training work‐load) and after IQT. Pre‐ and post‐IQT measurements of vascular function and peripheral BF were performed by flow mediated dilatation (%FMD) in the brachial artery (non‐trained limb), and by passive limb movement in femoral artery (trained limb). After 8 weeks of IQT, MWR and BF in femoral artery increased significantly by 43% and 153%, respectively. No difference in %FMD was found despite 21% increase in brachial artery blood flow during exercise was found. Eight weeks of IQT improved peripheral vasomotor response only in the lower limb directly involved in IQT without affecting vascular functionality in the uninvolved upper limb, suggesting that IQT did not provide a sufficient stimulus to induce adaptations also in other districts' vasculature.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Workplace Standing Desks and Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Greenlund Ian M. , Kimmes Piersan E. , Wang Min , Durocher John J. 
Published: June 2021

At least 1 in 4 American adults are classified as sedentary. Sedentary behavior is a contributing factor to many diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sedentary behavior and age are known contributors to arterial stiffness, but it is unknown if prolonged standing at work could help to reduce arterial stiffness. Therefore, we examined 48 individuals (40 women; 8 men) who primarily sit at work (n=24, age: 41±1 years, BMI: 25±1 kg/m2), or primarily stand at work (n=24, age: 45±2 years, BMI: 25±1 kg/m2). Arterial stiffness was assessed as pulse wave velocity (PWV) through applanation tonometry and electrocardiography. Aerobic fitness was estimated via a Rockport walk test and regional body fat was measured with bioelectric impedance. Analysis of covariance was performed to determine if PWV was different between those who consistently sit at work vs. those who consistently stand at work. Age, fitness, and regional fat percentage were used as covariates. Carotid‐femoral PWV (cfPWV) was not different between sitting and standing (6.6±0.3 vs. 6.9±0.3 m/s), or when normalized to aortic mean arterial pressure (aMAP) (0.0816±0.003 vs. 0.0789±0.002 ms−1 * mmHg−1). Likewise, leg PWV was similar between sitting and standing (9.0±0.3 vs. 8.8±0.3 m/s). Therefore, we used stepwise regression to determine the best explanatory variable for cfPWV, cfPWV/aMAP, and leg PWV. The strongest predicting variables for cfPWV and cfPWV/aMAP were age (p<0.001; p=0.002) and trunk fat percentage (p=0.063; p=0.039), respectively. However, the strongest predictors of leg PWV were leg fat percentage (p=0.051) and fitness (p=0.159). In conclusion, prolonged standing at work does not appear to alter arterial stiffness when controlling for important covariates such as age, fitness, and regional fat percentage. Our findings are in agreement with other studies indicating the influence of age on arterial stiffness, and indicate regional fat percentage may help to predict PWV.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of AmLexin (Acacia catechu & Morus alba) on Redox Balance and Subjective Pain in Healthy Runners
Authors: Talbott Shawn M. , Talbott Julie A. , Hantla Don 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIntense exercise is known to increase both oxidative stress and post‐exercise pain. Muscle soreness and soft tissue pain is a frequent complaint among recreational exercisers and a significant obstacle to continued participation in regular physical activity.ObjectiveOur study examined the effects of an herbal dietary supplement (AmLexin; combination of Acacia catechu heartwood extract and Morus alba root bark extract) versus a look‐alike placebo on redox balance (plasma oxidative stress and oxidative capacity) and subjective pain levels following intense exercise.Subjects & MethodsTwenty‐four (N=24) healthy men and women were recruited to participate in a progressive 8‐week running program followed by a 13.1‐mile timed run (half‐marathon). Subjects were randomly divided in double‐blind fashion to receive either the supplement at 200 mg b.i.d. (N=12) or placebo (N=12) for 9 weeks (8 weeks pre‐race during training and 1‐week post‐race). We measured range of motion (ROM) and pain/stiffness (WOMAC & VAS) weekly during 8‐weeks of training and daily for 6‐days post‐race, and plasma redox status on days 1 and 6 post‐race.ResultsDue to large variations in ROM between and within subjects, there were no significant differences in ROM between supplementation groups. However, multiple measures of pain and stiffness were significantly lower for days 1–3 post‐race in the AmLexin group compared to the Placebo group, including WOMAC scores for overall pain at day 1 and 3 post run and a clear trend of less stiffness and better activities of daily living in the AmLexin group. The AmLexin group also showed statistically significant less pain/stiffness than Placebo based on VAS scores for multiple body parts (quadriceps, calves, hamstrings, and knees) at several time points after the race. Redox balance assessment indicated the AmLexin group to show a strong trend toward improved status at day 1, that reached statistical significance for lower oxidative stress and higher oxidative capacity at day 6 post‐race compared to the Placebo group.ConclusionAmLexin has previously been reported to protect joint cartilage from damage, reducing the amount of glycosaminoglycan released by articular cartilage (1 &2), and to be an effective quencher of super oxide anion, a free radical generated by tissue wear and tear (3). These clinical results further demonstrate AmLexin's effectiveness to reduce oxidative stress, improve oxidative capacity, and prevent the development of post‐exercise subjective pain and stiffness in a population of healthy non‐arthritic adults. Therefore, AmLexin may be viewed as an effective dietary supplement to facilitate healthy pain‐free participation in regular physical activity.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by UnigenThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of the high pressure processed rice intake during interval walking training on glycemic control and NFKB2 gene methylation in lifestyle‐related disease patients
Authors: Aida Takamichi , Masuki Shizue , Uchida Koji , Manabe Kazumasa , Morikawa Mayuko , Furihata Mayuka , Fujita Tomoyuki , Nose Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe rice processed with high pressure before being polished reportedly maintains key nutritional components of brown rice; GABA and polyphenols. In this study, we examined whether the high pressure processed rice (HPPR) intake during interval walking training (IWT) improved the symptoms of lifestyle‐related diseases with enhanced methylation of the NFKB2, a master gene of inflammatory responses.MethodsThirty subjects (~70 yr) who had been performing IWT for >6 mos but with higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) (FBG >110 mg/dl or HbA1c >6.2%) and blood pressure (>130 and/or >85 mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively) participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups consuming either HPPR (n=15) or white rice (WR, n=15). They performed IWT for further 4 months during which period they were instructed to ingest 75 g of HPPR or WR per serving at every breakfast and dinner. Before and after the IWT for 4 months, BG was continuously measured with glucose electrode placed in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue (CGM method) for 6 days, and on the 5th day of the 6 days, all subjects were provided with standardized meals to examine whether glycemic control after meal intake was improved. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine the methylation of the NFKB2 by pyrosequencing method.ResultsAfter IWT, the average FBG measured in sampled blood before breakfast for 5 days (days 2–6) decreased in HPPR (P=0.021) with decreased variability for 24 hrs measured by the CGM method (P=0.048). Also, the transient increase in BG over 3 hrs after breakfast on the 5th day decreased in HPPR (P=0.022); however, none of these improvements occurred in WR (all, P>0.5). The improvements in glycemic control in HPPR were accompanied by higher methylation of the NFKB2 in HPPR than WR (P=0.045). On the other hand, no effects of HPPR on blood pressures were observed (P>0.4).ConclusionHPPR intake during IWT enhanced the improvement of glycemic control with enhanced NFKB2 gene methylation in lifestyle‐related disease patients.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by a grant from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (SE17).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Evaluation of Dietary Intakes and Supplement Use in Elite Paralympic Athletes
Authors: Madden Robyn Frances , Shearer Jane , Parnell Jill 
Published: June 2021

The Paralympic Games are highly competitive and athletes need to maximize performance, one crucial aspect of which is nutrition. Dietary intakes and supplement use in high‐performance, athletes with physical disabilities remain largely unexplored and specialized recommendations are lacking. Consequently, these athletes may be at risk for nutritional deficiencies and supplement misuse. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional intakes, dietary supplementation patterns, and sources of dietary supplement information in Canadian athletes with physical disabilities. Male (n=18) and female (n=22) athletes were recruited from various Paralympic sports across Canada through sporting organizations, coaches, and social media. Males had significantly greater total energy intakes than females (male=2092 kcal/day; female=1602 kcal/day, p=0.013). Males had greater protein intakes based on body weight than females (p=0.0017), while fat and carbohydrate intakes were similar in both genders. Females consumed a significantly greater percentage of their total calories from sugar as compared to males (p=0.049). Athletes' intakes met or exceeded the majority of recommended daily allowances (RDA) for vitamins and minerals, with the exception of vitamin D, vitamin E, and magnesium. Males did not meet the RDA for folate and vitamin A, while females did not meet the RDA for iron and calcium. Athletes did not meet the AI for pantothenic acid and potassium. Females had significantly lower percent of the recommendations for calcium (p=0.031), selenium (p=0.016), and iron (p<0.001) as compared to males. Supplement use is high in this population; 100% of males and 91% of females reported supplement use within the past three months. Males most regularly used sports bars, protein powder, and sport drinks, while females most regularly used vitamin D, protein powder, and fatty acids. Significant differences were noted in branched chain amino acids, as males were more likely to use this supplement (p=0.008). The top three reasons for taking supplements were “stay healthy,” “increase energy,” and “medical.” Sources of dietary supplements were reported as dietician/nutritionist, medical physician (doctor), and athletic trainer. In conclusion, elite Paralympic athletes tend to consume diets that are adequate in most macro‐ and micronutrients with a high usage of dietary supplements. Future studies should evaluate impairment levels on energy and macronutrient intakes to work towards recommendations and to adequately educate and support these athletes.Support or Funding InformationFunded by a Mount Royal University Innovation Grant (J.P.) and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (J.S.).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators Attenuate Placental Production of sFlt‐1
Authors: Bakrania Bhavisha A. , Travis Adam B. , Granger Joey P. 
Published: June 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific disorder associated with maternal hypertension due to widespread endothelial dysfunction. Placental ischemia leads to increases in the circulating anti‐angiogenic factor, sFlt‐1 and a PE‐like phenotype. PE and chronic sFlt‐1 excess is also associated with depletion of nitric oxide (NO), which, during normal pregnancy, binds to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and synthesizes cGMP, to facilitate vasodilation.. In fact, studies in reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental ischemia demonstrate that restoring the angiogenic imbalance, administration of placental growth factor or VEGF abolishes hypertension. A novel drug, sGC stimulators and activators, which increase sGC activity independently of NO, are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension, however, whether this drug could be beneficial during PE is not known. We tested the hypothesis that sGC stimulators (Riociguat, Sigma‐Aldrich) and activators (Cinaciguat, Sigma‐Aldrich) attenuate sFlt‐1 production by the placenta. Placentas were isolated from normal pregnant rats on gestational day 19. Villous bundles were excised and plated in 24‐well plate coated with Matrix Matrigel Basement Membrane. Increasing concentrations of each the sGC stimulator and activator (0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 30 μM) were added to the media for treatments. The explants were then exposed to a hypoxic environment (1% oxygen) to determine whether sFlt‐1 production, directly by the placenta, is attenuated by sGC stimulators and activators in a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, each of the doses administered significantly reduced sFlt‐1 production in response to hypoxia compared to the untreated group. However, the 30 μM sGC activator treatment produced the most profound effect (Untreated, n=6, 4699±942 pg/mL; 30 μM sGC stimulator‐treated, n=6, 3647±1385 pg/mL, 30 μM sGC activator‐treated, n=6, 3247±1402 pg/mL; P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that increasing sGC activity attenuates sFlt‐1 production from the placenta and could improve the angiogenic imbalance seen in this condition. In conclusion, these findings suggest there is a therapeutic potential for treating preeclampsia with sGC activatorsSupport or Funding InformationFunding source: NIH HL51971This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.