bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Full Color Display using Anisotropic Black Phosphorus
Authors: Jia Jingyuan , Ban Yu , Liu Kuan , Mao Libang , Su Ying , Lian Meng , Cao Tun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNext‐generation color display entails miniaturization, reconfigurablity, flexibility, integration, and excellent workability. Recently, emerging 2D van der Waals materials offer a new opportunity to satisfy these requirements and attract intense attention, owing to their intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy for polarization dependent photosensitivity, straightforward integration with complicated nanostructures, and efficient quantum confinement for good photodetecting performances. Nevertheless, reconfigurable color display in the visible region based on the 2D material stays elusive. Black phosphorus (BP) is a newly rising member of 2D family with intense optical anisotropy. Herein, the anisotropic BP crystals are explored as an optical dielectric for the visible spectrum, which possesses a polarization‐dependent complex refractive index. A considerably large anisotropic ratio of BP enables polarized color displaying. It is experimentally and theoretically observed that the color from an air/BP/SiO2 multi‐layered Fabry–Pérot cavity reversibly changes with the polarization angle, taking advantage of polarization‐dependent complex refractive index of BP. The strategy offers a new prospect for developing next‐generation polarization‐dependent devices in data storage, anti‐counterfeiting technologies, and color display.
Educational autopsy: An innovative structured debrief for residency didactic teaching
Authors: Griffith Max , Brown Charles , Haas Mary R. C. , Huang Robert D. , Hopson Laura R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEducational autopsy (EA) is an innovative technique designed to improve the quality of feedback provided to conference presenters. In response to survey fatigue and suboptimal feedback from online evaluations, this postlecture group debrief was adapted to emergency medicine residency didactics, with a goal of collecting timely, specific, and balanced feedback for presenters. Other aims include encouraging participants to think critically about educational methods and providing presenters with formal feedback for a portfolio or promotion packet. It was hypothesized that EA provides more specific and actionable feedback than traditional online evaluations deployed individually to conference attendees.MethodsThe authors analyzed 4 months of evaluations pre‐ and postimplementation of EA. Rate of completion, presence of comments, and types of comments were compared. Comments were coded as specific, nonspecific, and unrelated/unclear. Specific comments were further categorized as about audiovisual presentation design, speaker presentation style, and educational methods of the session.ResultsA total of 46 of 65 (71%) preimplementation presentations eligible for evaluation received comments through traditional online evaluations. A total of 44 of 75 (59%) eligible postimplementation presentations generated comments via EA. Among presentations that received comments, none received nonspecific comments via EA, compared to 46% of lectures through traditional evaluations. EA generated specific comments for more presentations regarding presentation design (91% vs. 63%), presentation style (66% vs. 24%), and educational methods (48% vs. 28%). EA produced no unclear comments; traditional evaluations resulted in unclear comments for 15% of lectures.ConclusionsEA generated more specific feedback for residency conference presenters, although there were a number of sessions not evaluated by EA. Although this limited analysis suggested that EA produced higher‐quality presenter feedback, it also showed a drop‐off in the proportion of didactic sessions that received narrative feedback.
Evolutionary lability in floral ontogeny affects pollination biology in Trimezieae
Authors: Lovo Juliana , Alcantara Suzana , Vasconcelos Thais N. C. , Sajo Maria das Graças , Rudall Paula J. , Prenner Gerhard , Aguiar Antônio J. C. , Mello‐Silva Renato 
Published: May 2021

PremiseThere is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time.MethodsWe examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types.ResultsAll Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals.ConclusionsHeterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen‐collecting bees only.
Optimization of CRISPR‐Cas9 through promoter replacement and efficient production of L‐homoserine in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Miao , Yu Shiqin , Zhou Jingwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCorynebacterium glutamicum is an important chassis for industrial applications. The low efficiency of commonly used genome editing methods for C. glutamicum limits the rapid multiple engineering of the bacterium.Main Methods and Major ResultsIn this study, chromosome‐borne expression of cas9 and recET from Escherichia coli K12‐MG1655 was achieved to avoid toxicity to the strain, increase the probability of homologous recombination, and reduce loss of viability caused by double‐strand breaks. Constitutive strong promoters, such as P45, Ptrc, and PH36, were used to replace PglyA and to expand the application of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. By using this system, a C. glutamicum strain producing L‐homoserine to 22.1 g per L in a 5‐L bioreactor after 96 h was obtained.Conclusions and ImplicationsThrough the application of visualized fluorescent protein, the process of plasmid curing was optimized, obtain a continuous and rapid CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing system. The method described here could be useful to construct C. glutamicum mutant rapidly.
Exploration of simulated urine sample biochemistry for the diagnosis of diseases: A laboratory practical exercise
Authors: Denis Colette , Lasfargues Charline , Buffin‐Meyer Bénédicte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe practical work described here is designed for third‐year bachelor students in Life Sciences attending a kidney physiology course. It illustrates how urinary biochemistry can be used for a medical diagnosis. Students have to measure glucose, proteins, and creatinine concentrations in three simulated urine samples. First, they independently elaborate detailed protocols from the biochemical kit's technical sheets. Second, after correction of the protocols by the teacher, they perform the biochemical assays. Finally, students write a report in which they interpret the biochemical data and use them in the context of histological images assigned to each urine sample. With their results, their theoretical background and scientific articles supplied by the teacher, they establish the diagnosis indicating which patients are diseased and from which disease they are suffering (diabetes without nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy or hypertensive nephropathy). The originality of this practical work is to give student autonomy from the start of the project by requiring them to write the protocols, and determine the diagnosis by themselves. Simple and inexpensive, this practical forces students to mobilize their knowledge in renal physiology and pathophysiology as well as those acquired in other disciplines such as biochemistry or cellular biology. A survey conducted on two classes of students confirmed that this type of training helps students to better understand renal physiology, to realize the importance of interdisciplinarity (biochemistry, histology, and physiology) and to develop confidence in their ability to work independently.
Willingness to Intervene in Child Abuse and Neglect: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sar Bibhuti K. , Bledsoe Linda K. 
Published: May 2021

The serious negative impacts of child abuse and neglect require greater focus on understanding the factors that influence adults' willingness to intervene when they observe instances of possible abuse and neglect. This study tests whether certain reporter characteristics and experiences, such as individual and family maltreatment history/experiences and perceived knowledge of child abuse indicators, correlate with, and mediate in, the decision to intervene. Demographics and willingness to report data were collected from adults (n = 306) attending a child abuse prevention training programme in a metropolitan city. The findings indicate that perceived knowledge of child abuse indicators plays a mediation role in willingness to take action to respond to child abuse and neglect. Practice and future research implications of these findings are discussed.‘This study tests whether certain reporter characteristics and experiences… correlate with, and mediate in, the decision to intervene’Key Practitioner MessagesA maltreatment history was associated with willingness to intervene, and that effect was mediated by perceived knowledge of symptoms of abuse and neglect.Child abuse prevention education programmes should consider including a component in the curriculum in which personal and family maltreatment history can move to the forefront and influence decisions to intervene in instances of suspected abuse and neglect.
lncRNA RBM5‐AS1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by epigenetically silencing miR‐132/212 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Mu Jin‐Yong , Tian Xiu‐Jun , Chen Ying‐Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as one of the most common malignancies worldwide leading to cancer‐related death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a critical modulator affecting HCC progression. Whereas, the pathogenesis of lncRNA RBM5‐AS1 in the development of HCC remains unclear. Quantitative RT‐PCR or western blot assays were applied to detect the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. The proliferation and metastasis abilities were assessed using Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), EdU and transwell assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment was employed to validate the molecular interactions. RBM5‐AS1 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, especially in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. RBM5‐AS1 knockdown dramatically restrains cell proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells. Importantly, RBM5‐AS1 acts as an epigenetic regulator to elevate the H3K27me3 level of miR‐132/212 promoter regions via recruiting PRC2 (EZH2, SUZ12, EED), and eventually reducing miR‐132/212 expressions. The recovery experiments demonstrated that downregulation of miR‐132/212 markedly eliminate the antitumor effects mediated by RBM5‐AS1 silencing in HCC cells. The data of this work illustrate that RBM5‐AS1 acts as an epigenetic regulator to promote the HCC progression by repressing miR‐132/212 expressions, which would provide a new insight for understanding the action mechanism of RBM5‐AS1 in HCC development.
Understanding How Degree of Crystallinity Affects Electrochemical Kinetics of Sodium‐Ion in Brown TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Babu Binson , Shaijumon M. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. M. M. Shaijumon and co‐worker Dr. Binson Babu, at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, India. The cover picture illustrates the superior Na‐ion diffusion characteristics of highly crystalline brown TiO2 nanostructures compared to their low crystalline counterparts. The dependence of crystallinity of nanostructured brown TiO2 anodes on their Na‐ion kinetics, and diffusion characteristics are analyzed using different electrochemical techniques. The present study provides a deeper understanding of Na‐ion intercalation/de‐intercalation mechanism in these materials, benefiting their practical deployment. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100047.
The Stronger the Better: Donor Substituents Push Catalytic Activity of Molecular Chromium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Hansen Helge‐Boj , Wadepohl Hubert , Enders Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe donor strength of bifunctional pyridine‐cyclopentadienyl ligands was altered systematically by the introduction of donating groups in the para‐position of the pyridine. In the resulting chromium complexes an almost linear correlation between donor strength and the nitrogen‐chromium distance as well as the electronic absorption maximum is experimentally observed. The connection of electron‐donating groups in the ligand backbone leads to an efficient transfer of the electronic influences to the catalytically active metal centre without restricting it through steric effects. Therefore, catalytic olefin polymerization activity, which is already very high for the previously studied catalysts, increase considerably by attaching para‐amino groups to the chelating pyridine or quinoline, respectively. Combining electron‐rich indenyl ligands with para‐amino substituted pyridines lead to the highest catalytic activities observed so far for this class of organo chromium olefin polymerisation catalysts. The resulting polymers are of ultra‐high molecular weight and the ability of the catalysts to incorporate co‐monomers is also very high.
Silver‐Free Au(I) Catalysis Enabled by Bifunctional Urea‐ and Squaramide‐Phosphine Ligands via H‐Bonding
Authors: Franchino Allegra , Martí Àlex , Nejrotti Stefano , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA library of gold(I) chloride complexes with phosphine ligands incorporating pendant (thio)urea and squaramide H‐bond donors was prepared with the aim of promoting chloride abstraction from Au(I) via H‐bonding. In the absence of silver additives, complexes bearing squaramides and trifluoromethylated aromatic ureas displayed good catalytic activity in the cyclization ofN‐propargyl benzamides, as well as in a 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization, a tandem cyclization‐indole addition reaction and the hydrohydrazination of phenylacetylene. Kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the energetic span of the reaction is accounted by both the chloride abstraction step, facilitated by the bidentate H‐bond donor via an associative mechanism, and the subsequent cyclization step.
Real‐world treatment patterns of patients with atopic dermatitis in Japan: Analysis of the JMDC Claims Database
Authors: Kamei Kazumasa , Saeki Hidehisa , Tsuchiya Takanori , Hirose Tomohiro , Campos‐Alberto Eduardo , Matsumoto Fumihiro , Yoshii Noritoshi , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess changes in the real‐world treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan.MethodsPatients from the JMDC Claims Database with ≥1 confirmed diagnosis of AD, an identifiable medical care start date for AD, and ≥2 AD–related treatments on separate dates between January 1, 2005, and May 31, 2019, were included; data were analyzed on a yearly basis.ResultsIn total, 411,102 patients were included. The average age of patients increased from 12.0 to 18.8 years between 2005 and 2017. In any given year, the prevalence of AD was highest in patients aged <2 years and lowest in patients aged ≥50 years. Dermatology (65.1%‐69.5% from 2005 to 2017) and clinics (92.3%‐93.4%) were the main department and medical facility, respectively, providing daily medical care for AD. The proportion of patients who were given the thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine test increased from 2008 to 2017 (0.03%‐3.5%). From 2005 to 2017, the proportion of patients who received moisturizer (68.8%‐79.1%), topical calcineurin inhibitors (8.2%‐17.8%), very strong topical corticosteroids (26.0%‐40.6%), strongest topical corticosteroids (3.5%‐7.8%), cyclosporine (0.01%‐0.3%), or phototherapy (0.06%‐1.8%) increased, and the proportion of patients who received topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (12.0%‐3.1%) decreased. Annual costs for medication associated with AD per person/visit increased between 2005 and 2017; however, the ratio of medication to total cost did not.ConclusionsThe results of this analysis show that Japanese patients used increasingly potent treatments for AD, and overall AD‐related medication costs increased between 2005 and 2017.
Stakeholder Experiences with the Single IRB Review Process and Recommendations for Food and Drug Administration Guidance
Authors: Corneli Amy , Dombeck Carrie B. , McKenna Kevin , Calvert Sara B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe revised Common Rule requires using a single institutional review board (sIRB) for U.S.‐based, multisite, nonexempt, federally conducted or supported research with human participants. The 21st Century Cures Act directs the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to harmonize differences between HHS and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations governing research with humans. Anticipating that the FDA may update its 2006 centralized IRB guidance, we conducted interviews with 34 stakeholders engaged in FDA‐regulated clinical research to identify benefits and challenges of using sIRBs and to gather recommendations for revising the FDA's guidance. The main benefits were consistency and standardization, speed and efficiency, and streamlining and simplification. The main challenges were uncertainty at local institutions, including addressing local context; decreased timeliness of the research review process; variable processes; and insufficient communication. Several recommendations for FDA guidance focused on the local context and communication plans. Findings suggest that the sIRB review process may be gaining efficiency although challenges remain.
Feasibility study for realization of optical transillumination imaging of arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Kamiyama Hideaki , Kitama Masataka , Shimizu Hisae O. , Yamashita Masaji , Kojima Yohichiro , Shimizu Koichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDaily management of arteriovenous fistula for dialysis patients is crucially important because it sometimes leads to stenosis and obstruction. Numerous shortcomings are associated with management techniques used today. Aside from being invasive, they also require the use of inspection, auscultation, and palpation. Moreover, they rely on the extensive experience of technicians. Actually, definite diagnosis can be made using angiography, but angiography entails difficulties associated with radiation and bulky equipment. To overcome these difficulties posed by current management techniques, we proposed an optical imaging technique. Unfortunately, the related apparatus was too large and heavy for bedside use. This paper therefore explains the possibility of clinical application of our novel technique using compact and light apparatus. Contrast of blood vessel transillumination images is intensified with two wavelengths used for measurements. Results indicate improved accuracy of inner diameter measurements of blood vessels. This study confirmed the possibility of applying this technique in medical settings to achieve continuous management of AV fistula.
Annulative Dimerization of Carbohydrates: Synthesis of Complex C2‐Symmetrical 1,4‐Dioxane‐Sugar Hybrids
Authors: Robert‐Scott Gabrielle , St‐Gelais Jacob , Giguère Denis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of carbohydrate‐heterocycle hybrid molecules has led to several interesting biologically active products. In this work, we have developed an annulative process for the formation of novel C2‐symmetrical 1,4‐dioxane‐carbohydrate hybrid compounds. Starting from simple sugars, original 6‐6‐6 heterocyclic frameworks were isolated. The dioxane units adopted a rare 1,4 twist‐boat conformations in the liquid and solid‐states. Synthetic derivatization allowed the preparation of C2‐symmetrical glycomimetics that could be used for further biological investigations.
Generalized least‐squares in dimension expansion method for nonstationary processes
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Sun Bin , Wu Yuehua , Fu Yuejiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider the problem of modeling nonstationary spatial random processes. Bornn et al.(2012) proposed a dimension expansion method, a novel technique for modeling nonstationary processes, aiming to find a dimensionally sparse projection in which the originally nonstationary field exhibits stationarity. However, their dimension expansion approach is a lasso‐penalized least‐squares method that does not account for the covariance structure of the empirical semivariogram. We thus propose a general latent dimension estimation method by replacing the least‐squares method with generalized least‐squares (GLS). Furthermore, we improve the GLS method by weighted least‐squares, which is more computationally efficient and accurate. The performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated through simulations and real data examples.
Type 2 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Nonadherence to Medication Correlate With Premature Birth and Risk of Postpartum Flare
Authors: Olsen Kathryn , Hodson James , Ronca Vincenzo , Bozward Amber G. , Hayden Jennifer , Wootton Grace , Armstrong Matthew , Adams David H. , El‐Sherif Omar , Ferguson James , Knox Ellen , Johnston Tracey , Thompson Fiona , Oo Ye Htun 
Published: May 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune‐mediated chronic liver disease that affects all ages, including women of childbearing age. Optimal management during pregnancy is poorly defined. We aimed to explore the clinical and biochemical course of AIH in the antenatal and postpartum periods, and assess factors associated with premature birth and postpartum flares. Pregnant women with AIH reviewed in the autoimmune liver disease clinic at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham between 2009 and 2020 were identified retrospectively, and clinical, biochemical, and immunological data 1 year before conception to 1 year postpartum were collected. Analysis was performed to identify trends in blood markers over the antenatal period, with an interrupted time series approach used to assess postpartum trends. Data were available for n = 27 pregnancies (n = 20 women), with median gestation of 38 weeks (30% premature) and most having type 1 AIH (78%) and delivering via caesarean section (63%). Levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and immunoglobulin G all declined significantly during gestation, followed by significant step‐change increases after delivery. Postpartum flare developed in 58% of pregnancies. AIH type 2 was associated with a higher rate of premature births (67% vs. 19%, P = 0.044), and a trend toward a higher rate of postpartum flare (100% vs. 48%, P = 0.053). Although not significant, medication nonadherence was associated with almost double the risk of prematurity (40% vs. 24%, P = 0.415) and postpartum flare (80% vs. 44%, P = 0.109). Conclusion: Biochemical and immunological remission of AIH occurs during pregnancy, although subsequent postpartum flare is common. Type 2 AIH is associated with a higher risk of premature birth and postpartum flare, although further research is required to validate and explain this finding.