bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offshore longline mussel farms: a review of oceanographic and ecological interactions to inform future research needs, policy and management
Authors: Mascorda Cabre Llucia , Hosegood Phil , Attrill Martin J. , Bridger Danielle , Sheehan Emma V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith a growing human population and the need to protect our oceans from overfishing, there is a requirement for society to source alternative means of sustainable protein. Mussel aquaculture has rapidly expanded in many countries serving as an important supply of protein, but its development has been limited due to competition for coastal space and the associated environmental impacts of farming in inshore waters. Offshore aquaculture developments have the potential to overcome such issues. This review synthesises the current literature on the ecological and oceanographic interactions of longline offshore mussel farms with the aim to elucidate the main knowledge gaps in a context of management and conservation. Large offshore aquaculture installations interact with the hydrodynamics of the area causing water flow distortions and current attenuation, wake formation and distorting water column stratification which can have an effect on the supply of nutrient and seston as well as altering material dispersal, biodeposition and resuspension, having in turn, a knock‐on effect on the carrying capacity of the system, ultimately affecting the surrounding ecology and its ecosystem services. Offshore mussel farm studies report an increase biomass or numbers of benthic and pelagic organisms beneath and around mussel ropes relative to control sites using the structure for shelter, refuge and nursery. Improving our understanding of offshore aquaculture–environment interactions is crucial to identify the priorities needed for future research to inform policy and management practices as well as its role as part of the Blue Growth Agenda and as ‘other effective area‐based conservation measures’ (OECMs).
Genome engineering of Nannochloropsis with hundred‐kilobase fragment deletions by Cas9 cleavages
Authors: Wang Qintao , Gong Yanhai , He Yuehui , Xin Yi , Lv Nana , Du Xuefeng , Li Yun , Jeong Byeong‐ryool , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIndustrial microalgae are promising photosynthetic cell factories, yet tools for large‐scale targeted genome engineering are limited. Here for the model industrial oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, we established a method to precisely and serially delete large genome fragments of ~100 kb from its 30.01 Mb nuclear genome. We started by identifying the ‘non‐essential’ chromosomal regions (i.e. low expression region or LER) based on minimal gene expression under N‐replete and N‐depleted conditions. The largest such LER (LER1) is ~98 kb in size, located near the telomere of the 502.09‐kb‐long Chromosome 30 (Chr 30). We deleted 81 kb and further distal and proximal deletions of up to 110 kb (21.9% of Chr 30) in LER1 by dual targeting the boundaries with the episome‐based CRISPR/Cas9 system. The telomere‐deletion mutants showed normal telomeres consisting of CCCTAA repeats, revealing telomere regeneration capability after losing the distal part of Chr 30. Interestingly, the deletions caused no significant alteration in growth, lipid production or photosynthesis (transcript‐abundance change for < 3% genes under N depletion). We also achieved double‐deletion of both LER1 and LER2 (from Chr 9) that total ~214 kb at maximum, which can result in slightly higher growth rate and biomass productivity than the wild‐type. Therefore, loss of the large, yet ‘non‐essential’ regions does not necessarily sacrifice important traits. Such serial targeted deletions of large genomic regions had not been previously reported in microalgae, and will accelerate crafting minimal genomes as chassis for photosynthetic production.
The preclinical and clinical implications of fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stromal cells in wound healing therapy
Authors: Mankuzhy Pratheesh D. , Ramesh Sreekumar T. , Thirupathi Yasotha , Mohandas Ponny S. , Chandra Vikash , Sharma Taru Guttula 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from fetal adnexa namely amniotic membrane/epithelium, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord have hogged the limelight in recent times, as a proposed alternative to MSCs from conventional sources. These cells which are identified as being in a developmentally primitive state have many advantages, the most important being the non‐invasive nature of their isolation procedures, absence of ethical concerns, proliferation potential, differentiation abilities and low immunogenicity. In the present review, we are focusing on the potential preclinical and clinical applications of different cell types of fetal adnexa, in wound healing therapy. We also discuss the isolation‐culture methods, cell surface marker expression, multi‐lineage differentiation abilities, immune‐modulatory capabilities and their homing property. Different mechanisms involved in the wound healing process and the role of stromal cells in therapeutic wound healing are highlighted. Further, we summarize the findings of the cell delivery systems in skin lesion models and paracrine functions of their secretome in the wound healing process. Overall, this holistic review outlines the research findings of fetal adnexa derived MSCs, their usefulness in wound healing therapy in human as well as in veterinary medicine.
Small Modular Reactors: Learning From the Past
Authors: Hussein Esam M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Most emerging small modular reactor (SMR) designs resemble older reactors that were designed in the early days of the nuclear technology. Experience with operating these old reactors can contribute to the licensing of new SMRs, by showing that some safety concepts were already proven, and their viability was demonstrated. This paper shows examples of older reactors in each of the reemerging SMR concepts of integrated pressurized water reactors, high temperature gas cooled reactors, molten salt reactors, and liquid metal cooled fast reactors. The Canadian experience with the WR-1 organic cooled reactor is also discussed to examine whether it can inform the development on an organic cooled SMR.
Transverse Vibration of Geared-Rotor Integrated With Active Magnetic Bearings in Identification of Multiple Faults
Authors: Majumder Gargi , Tiwari Rajiv 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel concept of the modeling, active control of transverse vibration responses, and identification of fault parameters in a geared-rotor system integrated with active magnetic bearings (AMBs). The sources of error in gears while in the operation are the gear mesh deformation, transmission error, and runout, resulting in dynamic forces, excessive vibration, and noise. To avoid any undesirable effect on the gear-pair and other supporting structures, it is essential to investigate these forced vibrations in time and frequency domain. Hence, an approach to monitor and control the transverse vibration of mating gears is presented with the help of AMBs. The AMBs are capable of suppressing the vibration of the system (transients as well as steady-state) by controlled electromagnetic forces considering the rotor vibrational displacement with a closed-loop feedback system. A mathematical model has been developed with geared rotor faults, like the mesh deformation, gear run-out, and asymmetric transmission error. The transmission error has been modeled as the sum of mean and varying components of error in two orthogonal transverse directions. Based on the mathematical model, an identification algorithm has been developed. Considering full spectrum analysis of the rotor vibration and AMB current information, estimation of system parameters, i.e., the equivalent mesh stiffness, mesh damping, gear runouts, the mean and varying transmission error magnitude and phase angles, and the current and displacement constants of AMBs has been performed. Gaussian noise in responses and modeling errors in mathematical models have been added to test the robustness of the proposed algorithm to comply with the experimental settings.
Verification of Numerically Controlled Manufacturing Processes, Toward Identifying Cyber-Physical Threats
Authors: Piacenza Joseph R. , Faller Kenneth John , Regez Bradley , Gomez Luisfernando 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Motivated by cyber-physical vulnerabilities in precision manufacturing processes, there is a need to externally examine the operational performance of computer numerically controlled (CNC) manufacturing systems. The overarching objective of this work is to design and fabricate a proof-of-concept CNC machine evaluation device, ultimately re-configurable to the mill, lathe, and 3D printing machine classes. This device will assist in identifying potential cyber-physical security threats in manufacturing systems by identifying perturbations outside the expected variations of machining processes and comparing the desired command inputted into the numerical controller and the actual machine performance (e.g., tool displacement, frequency). In this paper, a requirement-driven prototype device design method is presented and tested, and the results will be used to improve future iterations of the design. The first design iteration is tested on a Kuka KR 6 R700 series robotic arm, and machine movement comparisons are performed ex situ using Keyence laser measurement sensors. Data acquisition is performed with a Raspberry Pi 4 microcomputer, controlled by custom, cross-platform python code, and includes a touch screen human–computer interface (HCI). A device design adapted for a CNC mill is also presented, and the Haas TM-2 is used as a case study, which can be operated by CNC operators to assess machine performance, as needed, before a critical manufacturing process. This research will enable the broader goal of recognizing repeating advanced manufacturing performance deviations, which occur outside of a machine's normal variability, that could signal a malicious “attack.”
Changing patterns of emergency paediatric presentations during the first wave of COVID-19: learning for the second wave from a UK tertiary emergency department
Authors: Shanmugavadivel Dhurgshaarna , Liu Jo-Fen , Gilhooley Colin , Elsaadany Loai , Wood Damian 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and initial public health response led to significant changes in health service delivery, access and utilisation. However, SARS-CoV-2 illness burden in children and young people (CYP) is low. To inform effective child public health interventions, we aimed to compare patterns of paediatric emergency department presentation during the initial pandemic response with a previous non-pandemic period.MethodsRetrospective review of attendances (0–18 years) over the initial pandemic (2 March 2020–3 May 2020) compared with 2019. Outcome measures included number of attendances, referral source, presenting complaint, discharge diagnosis and disposal. Descriptive statistics with subgroup analysis by age/sex/ethnicity and pandemic time periods (pre-lockdown, lockdown weeks 1–3 and lockdown weeks 4–6) was performed.Results4417 attendances (57% illness and 43% injuries) occurred, compared with 8813 (57% illness and 43% injuries), a reduction of 50%, maximal in lockdown week 2 (−73%). Ranking of top three illness presentations changed across the pandemic weeks. Breathing difficulty dropped from first (300, 25%) to second (117, 21%) to third (59, 11%) (p<0.001). Abdominal pain rose from the third pre-lockdown (87, 7%) and lockdown weeks 1–3 (37, 7%) to second in weeks 4–6 (62, 12%; p=0.004). Fever ranked second (235, 19%) in pre-lockdown and first in weeks 1–3 (134, 24%) and weeks 4–6 (94, 18%; p=0.035).ConclusionsDespite a 50% reduction, there was no significant change in acuity of illness. Rank of illness presentations changed, with abdominal pain ranking second and fever first, an important change from previous, which should prompt further research into causes. CYP-specific public health messaging and guidance for primary care are required in this second wave to ensure access to appropriate emergency services.
Bailout stentectomy of 47 self-expandable intracranial stents
Authors: Chapot René , Stracke Christian Paul , Wallocha Marta , Rikhtegar Reza , Yamac Elif , Mosimann Pascal John 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSelf-expanding stents are increasingly being deployed for stent-assisted coiling or flow diversion of intracranial aneurysms. Complications related to stent misbehavior may arise, however, including lack of expansion, device displacement, or parent vessel thrombosis. We present our experience of various stent removal techniques (stentectomy) with a focus on technical and clinical outcomes.MethodsStentectomy was attempted either with a single device, including the Alligator, Microsnare, or Solitaire, or by combining a Microsnare with a second device. Dual techniques included in this report are the Snare-over-Stentretriever technique we developed using a Microsnare and a Solitaire, and the previously described Loop-and-Snare technique using a Microsnare and a microwire. The technical success and complication rate, as well as the clinical outcome using the mRS were analyzed.ResultsForty-seven stentectomies were attempted in 36 patients treated for 37 aneurysms. Forty-two devices (89.3%) were successfully retrieved. Single-device stentectomy was successful in 34% of cases, compared with 74% with dual-device techniques. Of the 20 patients with a thrombosed parent or efferent vessel, 17 were successfully recanalized using stentectomy. All successful stentectomy patients made a clinically uneventful recovery, except one with a minor postoperative stroke (mRS 1 at discharge). Failed stentectomy was associated with major ischemic stroke in two patients and death in one patient. There were no stentectomy-related vessel perforations or dissections.ConclusionWhile various single devices can be used to safely retrieve dysfunctional intracranial self-expandable stents, dual-device techniques are more than twice as effective, according to our experience.
Carotid web: an under-recognized and misdiagnosed ischemic stroke etiology
Authors: Osehobo Ehizele M , Nogueira Raul G , Koneru Sitara , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , de Camara Catarina Perry , Nahab Fadi , Liberato Bernardo , Frankel Michael R , Allen Jason W , Park Charlie Chulhyun , Haussen Diogo C 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCarotid web (CaW) constitutes a possible cause of ischemic stroke, particularly large vessel occlusion syndromes. We aim to evaluate misdiagnosis rates and diagnosis trends for CaW.MethodsBased on CT angiography (CTA), we prospectively identified a cohort of patients with symptomatic CaW treated at two comprehensive stroke centers (CSC) from 2014 to 2020 to assess misdiagnosis. Official CTA reports from the CSCs and referring hospitals were then reviewed for mention of CaW. For diagnosis trends, we retrospectively analyzed a CSC electronic medical record, identifying patients with CaW mentioned in an official CTA report from 2011 to 2020.ResultsFor misdiagnosis, 56 patients with symptomatic CaW were identified in the CSCs; 16 (28%) had bilateral CaW, totaling 72 CaWs. Only one CaW (5.5%) was reported at referring facilities, from 14 patients/18 CaWs imaged with CTA. Conversely, 43 (69%) CaWs were reported from 49 patients/62 CaWs at the CSC (p<0.01). For diagnosis trends, from 2011 to 2020, 242 patients at a CSC accounted for 266 CTA reports mentioning CaW. The majority of these reports (n=206, 77%) were associated with stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. The rate of CaW diagnosis adjusted per 1000 patients with stroke/TIA increased over time, 2015 being the most significant point of change ('joinpoint'; p=0.01). The analysis of CaW mentions normalized per 1000 CTA reports also showed increasing rates of diagnosis over time (joinpoint:2014; p<0.02).ConclusionCaW was predominantly identified in patients with strokes/TIAs rather than asymptomatic patients. CaW was commonly overlooked in facilities with lower levels of cerebrovascular certification. Recognition of CaW at a CSC has significantly increased over time, independent of overall imaging and stroke patient volume.
Maximizing the catheter-to-vessel size optimizes distal flow control resulting in improved revascularization in vitro for aspiration thrombectomy
Authors: Nogueira Raul G , Ryan David , Mullins Liam , Thornton John , Fitzgerald Seán 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundBalloon guide catheters (BGCs) achieve proximal flow control during thrombectomy but antegrade intracranial flow often persists via the Circle of Willis. Closely sizing an aspiration catheter to the target vessel might achieve greater flow control and improve technical performance. Our objective was to measure the impact of aspiration catheter size on distal flow control and flow reversal with and without the use of BGCs. Clot retrieval testing was performed to establish the impact of these parameters on revascularization.MethodsAn in vitro thrombectomy model replicated in vivo conditions. Flow was measured continuously using ultrasonic flow sensors placed 20 cm distal to the catheter tip in the middlel cerebral artery (MCA). Four aspiration catheters of increasing size were evaluated: ACE 60 and 64 (Penumbra), SOFIA Plus (MicroVention), and Millipede 088 (Perfuze). Two clot analog types (red blood cell-rich and fibrin/platelet-rich) were used for clot retrieval testing.ResultsThe larger area of the ‘superbore’ Millipede 088 catheter resulted in a larger reduction in antegrade flow than standard aspiration catheters, even when the latter were combined with a BGC. During aspiration, 6Fr catheters were unable to cause flow reversal in the distal MCA while the Millipede 088 achieved significant distal flow reversal (−146 mL/min) (P<0.0001*) (*denotes significance). The solo use of Millipede 088 resulted in better recanalization outcomes and significantly reduced distal emboli for internal carotid artery (P=0.015*) and MCA (P=0.014*) occlusions compared with all other devices and combinations.ConclusionsMaximizing the catheter-to-vessel size facilitates near flow-arrest on catheter insertion, potentially negating the need for a BGC. A 0.088 inch aspiration catheter enables significant flow reversal in the distal MCA during aspiration.
On the order reduction
Authors: de Medeiros Waleska P. F. , Müller Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work we present an extension of the technique of the order reduction to higher perturbative approximations in an iterative fashion. The intention is also to analyze more carefully the conditions for the validity of the order reduction technique. With this in mind, a few simple situations in which the iterative order reduction converges analytically to the exact solutions are presented as examples. It is discovered that the order reduction as a perturbative iterative technique does not converge in the weak coupling limit as most of the known perturbative schemes, at least when applied to these examples. Also, considering these specific examples, the convergence of the order reduction occurs in strong coupling regimes. As a more realistic case, the order reduction is applied to Starobinsky’s inflationary model is presented. It is verified that the method converges to the inflationary solution in the slow-roll regime.
Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancers are Dependent on Rac Signaling for Growth and Survival
Authors: Goka Erik T. , Mesa Lopez Dayrelis T. , Lippman Marc E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a common cause of cancer mortality in men. Initially, cancers are dependent of androgens for growth and survival. First line therapies reduce levels of circulating androgens or target the androgen receptor (AR) directly. Although most patients show durable responses, many patients eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) creating a need for alternative treatment options. The Rac1 signaling pathway has previously been implicated as a driver of cancer initiation and disease progression. We investigated the role of HACE1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase for Rac1, in prostate cancer and found that HACE1 is commonly lost resulting in hyperactive Rac signaling leading to enhanced cellular proliferation, motility and viability. Importantly, we show that a Rac inhibitor can attenuate the growth and survival of prostate cancer cells. Rac signaling was also found to be critical in prostate cancers that express the AR. Rac inhibition in androgen dependent cells resulted in reduction of AR target gene expression suggesting that targeting Rac1 may be an alternative method for blocking the AR signaling axis. Finally, when used in combination with AR antagonists, Rac inhibition enhanced the suppression of AR target gene expression. Therefore, targeting Rac in prostate cancer has the potential to enhance the efficacy of approved AR therapies.
A “libertação” entre cristãos e o conceito antropológico de ritual
Authors: Garcia Ypuan 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo advém de pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre os anos de 2013 e 2016 com católicos na cidade de São Paulo/SP e se volta ao tema da “libertação”. Trata-se de descrever que para esses cristãos libertar, quando envolve o demônio, não acarreta necessariamente formas ditas rituais. Com isto em perspectiva, o propósito da argumentação é sublinhar algumas questões relativas ao recorrente entrelaçamento analítico entre a libertação e o conceito antropológico de ritual. Debato que este conceito, ao sugerir a replicação de um padrão, tem pouco alcance analítico diante de formas de vida cristãs carismáticas, pois empalidece algo crucial: as ações divinas não são passíveis de serem subsumidas a uma classe de eventos que se caracteriza por sucessões, sequências ou repetições.