bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ensiling persimmon peel and grape pomace as tannin‐rich byproduct feeds on their chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Fitri Ainissya , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of ensiling fruit byproducts on their chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation. Persimmon peel (PP), white grape pomace (WGP), and red grape pomace (RGP) were ensiled for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Fresh and ensiled PP, WGP, and RGP were used for in vitro rumen fermentation with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG). The non‐fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content of the byproducts decreased after ensiling, especially for PP. The total tannin content was not changed after ensiling for up to 4 weeks for all byproducts. However, the soluble tannin content in PP decreased but that in grape pomaces was unaffected by ensiling. Gas production, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and methane production by in vitro rumen fermentation for PP and WGP were reduced by ensiling, and increased by adding PEG, except for gas production from the PP silage. These results indicated that changes in the fractions of carbohydrate and tannins during the ensiling process were different between PP and grape pomace. Even though the insolubilization of tannins in PP during ensiling reduced its inhibitory effect on ruminal fermentability, the ensiling PP seemed to remain the ability to mitigate methanogenesis in the rumen.
Varying coefficient frailty models with applications in single molecular experiments
Authors: Hung Ying , Lin Li‐Hsiang , Wu C. F. Jeff 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivated by an analysis of single molecular experiments in the study of T‐cell signaling, a new model called varying coefficient frailty model with local linear estimation is proposed. Frailty models have been extensively studied, but extensions to nonconstant coefficients are limited to spline‐based methods that tend to produce estimation bias near the boundary. To address this problem, we introduce a local polynomial kernel smoothing technique with a modified expectation‐maximization algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters. Theoretical properties of the estimators, including their unbiased property near the boundary, are derived along with discussions on the asymptotic bias‐variance trade‐off. The finite sample performance is examined by simulation studies, and comparisons with existing spline‐based approaches are conducted to show the potential advantages of the proposed approach. The proposed method is implemented for the analysis of T‐cell signaling. The fitted varying coefficient model provides a rigorous quantification of an early and rapid impact on T‐cell signaling from the accumulation of bond lifetime, which can shed new light on the fundamental understanding of how T cells initiate immune responses.
Tranexamic acid in patients with complex stones undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Batagello Carlos A. , Vicentini Fabio C. , Monga Manoj , Miller Aaron W. , Marchini Giovanni S. , Torricelli Fabio C.M. , Danilovic Alexandre , Coelho Rafael F. , Srougi Miguel , Nahas Willian C. , Mazzucchi Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of single‐dose tranexamic acid on the blood transfusion rate and outcomes of patients with complex kidney stones undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Patients and MethodsIn a randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial, 192 patients with complex kidney stone (Guy’s Stone Scores III–IV) were prospectively enrolled and randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either one dose of tranexamic acid (1 g) or a placebo at the time of anaesthetic induction for PCNL. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence rate of perioperative blood transfusion. The secondary outcome measures included blood loss, operative time, stone‐free rate (SFR), and complications. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02966236.ResultsThe overall risk of receiving a blood transfusion was reduced in the tranexamic acid group (2.2% vs 10.4%; relative risk, 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.76, P = 0.033; number‐needed‐to‐treat: 12). Patients randomised to the tranexamic acid group had a higher immediate and 3‐month SFR compared with those in the placebo group (29% vs 14.7%, odds ratio [OR] 2.37, 95% CI 1.15–4.87, P = 0.019, and 46.2% vs 28.1%, OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.20–4.02, P = 0.011, respectively). Faster haemoglobin recovery occurred in patients in the tranexamic acid group (mean, 21.3 days; P = 0.001). No statistical differences were found in operative time and complications between groups.ConclusionsTranexamic acid administration is safe and reduces the need for blood transfusion by five‐times in patients with complex kidney stones undergoing PCNL. Moreover, tranexamic acid may contribute to better stone clearance rate and faster haemoglobin recovery without increasing complications. A single dose of tranexamic acid at the time of anaesthetic induction could be considered standard clinical practice for patients with complex kidney stones undergoing PCNL.
Insolation vs. meltwater control of productivity and sea surface conditions off SW Greenland during the Holocene
Authors: Allan Estelle , de Vernal Anne , Seidenkrantz Marit‐Solveig , Briner Jason P. , Hillaire‐Marcel Claude , Pearce Christof , Meire Lorenz , Røy Hans , Mathiasen Anders Møller , Nielsen Mikkel Thy , Plesner Jane Lund , Perner Kerstin 
Published: February 2021

We address here the specific timing and amplitude of sea‐surface conditions and productivity changes off SW Greenland, northern Labrador Sea, in response to the high deglacial meltwater rates, the Early Holocene maximum insolation and Neoglacial cooling. Dinocyst assemblages from sediment cores collected off Nuuk were used to set up quantitative records of sea ice cover, seasonal sea‐surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and primary productivity, with a centennial to millennial scale resolution. Until ~10 ka BP, ice‐proximal conditions are suggested by the quasi‐exclusive dominance of heterotrophic taxa and low dinocyst concentrations. At about 10 ka BP, an increase in species diversity and abundance of phototrophic taxa marks the onset of interglacial conditions at a regional scale, with summer SST reaching up to 10 °C between 8 and 5 ka BP, thus in phase with the Holocene Thermal Maximum as recorded in the southern Greenlandic areas/northern Labrador Sea. During this interval, low SSS but high productivity prevailed in response to high meltwater discharge and nutrient inputs from the Greenland Ice Sheet. After ~5 ka BP, a decrease in phototrophic taxa marks a two‐step cooling of surface waters. The first started at ~5 ka BP, and the second at ~3 ka BP, with a shift toward colder conditions and higher SSS suggesting reduced meltwater discharge during the Neoglacial. This second step coincides with the disappearance of the Saqqaq culture. The gap in human occupation in west Greenland, between the Dorset and the Norse settlements from 2000 to 1000 years BP, might be linked to high amplitude and high frequency variability of ocean and climate conditions.
GPR126 regulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation by mediating HDAC2 and GLI2 expression
Authors: Cui Hengxiang , Yu Wenjie , Yu Minhao , Luo Yang , Yang Mingming , Cong Ruochen , Chu Xin , Gao Ganglong , Zhong Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe G‐protein‐coupled receptor 126 (GPR126) may play an important role in tumor development, although its role remains poorly understood. We found that GPR126 had higher expression in most colorectal cancer cell lines than in normal colon epithelial cell lines, and higher expression levels in colorectal cancer tissues than in normal adjacent colon tissues. GPR126 knockdown induced by shRNA inhibited cell viability and colony formation in HT‐29, HCT116, and LoVo cells, decreased BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized proliferating HT‐29 cells, led to an arrest of cell cycle progression at the G1 phase in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells, and suppressed tumorigenesis of HT‐29, HCT116, and LoVo cells in nude mouse xenograft models. GPR126 knockdown engendered decreased transcription and translation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), previously implicated in the activation of GLI1 and GLI2 in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of HDAC2 in GPR126‐silenced cells restored cell viability and proliferation, GLI2 luciferase reporter activity, partially recovered GLI2 expression, and reduced the cell cycle arrest. HDAC2 regulated GLI2 expression and, along with GLI2, it bound to the PTCH1 promoter, as evidenced by a chip assay with HT‐29 cells. Purmorphamine, a hedgehog agonist, largely restored the cell viability and expression of GLI2 proteins in GPR126‐silenced HT‐29 cells, whereas GANT61, a hedgehog inhibitor, further enhanced the GPR126 knockdown‐induced inhibitory effects. Our findings demonstrate that GPR126 regulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation by mediating the expression of HDAC2 and GLI2, therefore it may represent a suitable therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.
Adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma as a viral disease: Subtypes based on viral aspects
Authors: Nosaka Kisato , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATL) is caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection. Among HTLV‐1 encoded genes, HTLV‐1 bZIP factor (HBZ) and tax are critical for the leukemogenesis of ATL. Adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma needs a long latent period before onset, indicating that both viral genes and alterations (genetic and epigenetic) of the host genome play important roles for leukemogenesis. Viral genes influence genetic and epigenetic changes of the host genome, indicating that the virus is of primary importance in leukemogenesis. HBZ is expressed in all ATL cases, whereas Tax expression is heterogeneous among ATL cases. Different patterns of viral gene expression in tumors are also observed for Epstein‐Barr virus. We propose three subtypes of ATL cases based on Tax expression: high, intermittent, and lost expression. HBZ is detected in all ATL cases. Approximately 25% of all ATL cases lost Tax expression at infection of HTLV‐1, indicating that HBZ is the only viral gene responsible for leukemogenesis in addition to genetic and epigenetic changes of the host genes in these ATL cases. The host immune responses to Tax are also implicated in the heterogeneity of ATL. Thus, ATL is a heterogeneous disease in terms of its viral gene expression, which is important for pathogenesis of this intractable lymphomatous neoplasm.
Peasant Production in India: How the ‘Need Economy’ Facilitates Accumulation
Authors: Dasgupta Anirban 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the role of peasant production within the larger process of capitalist accumulation in India. It engages with two distinct theoretical positions — Kalyan Sanyal's formulation of the ‘need economy’ which is driven by an objective of need fulfilment outside the domain of capitalist production, and Henry Bernstein's thesis on the irrelevance of the agrarian question of capital as discussed by Jens Lerche in the particular context of India. The article extends the category of the ‘need economy’ from the present focus on the non‐agricultural informal sector to include smallholder or peasant agriculture. In doing so, the analysis demonstrates that the position of Bernstein and Lerche on the irrelevance of the agrarian question of capital and its replacement with a new agrarian question of labour is consistent with Sanyal's conceptualization of the ‘need economy’. Further, by providing evidence in support of the key function of food provisioning undertaken by small and marginal farmers in India, the article highlights how both the positions above fail to incorporate the food linkage of agriculture that is vital for the continuation of capitalist accumulation.
A cross‐sectional virtual survey to evaluate the outcome of online dental education system among undergraduate dental students across India amid COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shrivastava Kirti Jajoo , Nahar Rajvi , Parlani Swapnil , Murthy Varsha J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeA questionnaire‐based study was conducted to understand the pros and cons of online education among undergraduate dental students across India. The study was also proposed to assess the mental and physical well‐being of the students amid the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown.MethodsA total of 533 undergraduate dental students across India participated in a cross‐sectional study by means of virtual survey. A self‐designed questionnaire was created using google forms. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions and was divided into two parts, first, regarding the academic outcome of online dental education and second, psychological and physical well‐being of the students in reference to online dental education. A descriptive statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics software.ResultsIn the present study, 91.6% students reported that the format of dental education was shifted to online lectures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. 86.4% students suggested that they preferred offline lectures rather than online lectures. Psychological and physical well‐being were affected in both male and female students; however, male students were affected more significantly than females.ConclusionThe study concluded that the education of dental students was adversely affected as a result of COVID‐19 pandemic. The physical and psychological well‐being of the students has also been affected, with males being affected in a higher proportion. The study concluded that the quality of online education should be enhanced and must be student centred to meet their education requirements. Also, there is a need of regular counselling and other measures to alleviate the students from the psychological stresses.
Maladaptive brain organization at 1 month into abstinence as an indicator for future relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Muller Angela M. , Meyerhoff Dieter J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbstinence is a lifelong endeavor, and the risk of a relapse is always present for patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The aim of the study was to better understand specific characteristics of the intrinsic whole‐brain‐network architecture of 34 AUD patients that may support abstinence or relapse. We used Graph Theory Analysis (GTA) of resting‐state fMRI data from treatment seekers at 1 month of abstinence and their follow‐up data as abstainers or relapsers 3 months later, together with data from 30 light/non‐drinking controls scanned at the same interval. We determined the group‐specific intrinsic community configurations at both timepoints as well as the corresponding modularity Q, a GTA measure that quantifies how well individual network communities are separated from each other. Both AUD groups at both timepoints had community configurations significantly different from those of controls, but the three groups did not significantly differ in their Q values. However, relapsers showed a maladaptive community configuration at baseline, which became more similar to the controls’ community organization after the relapsers had started consuming alcohol again during the study interval. Additionally, successful recovery from AUD was not associated with re‐gaining the intrinsic brain organization found in light/non‐drinkers, but with a re‐configuration resulting in a new brain organization distinctly different from that of healthy controls. Resting‐state fMRI provides useful measures reflecting neuroplastic adaptations related to AUD treatment outcome.
Induction of IL‐1β and antimicrobial peptides as a potential mechanism for topical dithranol
Authors: Benezeder Theresa , Gehad Ahmed , Patra VijayKumar , Clark Rachael , Wolf Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTopical dithranol is effective in autoimmune conditions like alopecia areata, inducing hair regrowth in a high percentage of cases. Exact mechanisms of dithranol in alopecia areata, with seemingly healthy epidermis besides altered hair follicles, are not well understood. To better understand dithranol's mechanisms on healthy skin, we analysed its effect on normal murine as well as xenografted human skin. We found a strong increase in mRNA expression of anti‐microbial peptides (AMPs) (eg Lcn2, Defb1, Defb3, S100a8, S100a9), keratinocyte differentiation markers (eg Serpinb3a, Flg, Krt16, Lce3e) and inflammatory cytokines (eg Il1b and Il17) in healthy murine skin. This effect was paralleled by inflammation and disturbed skin barrier, as well as an injury response resulting in epidermal hyperproliferation, as observed in murine and xenografted adult human skin. This contact response and disturbed barrier induced by dithranol might lead via a vicious loop between AMPs such as S100a8/a9 (that led to skin swelling itself after topical application) and cytokines such as IL‐1β to an immune suppressive environment in the skin. A better understanding of the skin's physiologic response to dithranol may open up new avenues for the establishment of novel therapeutics (including AMP‐related/interfering molecules) for certain skin conditions, such as alopecia areata.
Damage detection and fatigue life estimation under random loads: A new structural health monitoring methodology in the frequency domain
Authors: Marques Denys E. T. , Vandepitte Dirk , Tita Volnei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for structural health monitoring of fatigue cracks under stationary random loads. The methodology is composed of two parts: an empirical correlation to monitor the evolution of damage indices and a numerical scheme for fatigue life estimation. The damage indices are based on the variation of the vibrational response of the structure due to crack propagation. Two damage metrics are studied, and the methodology is verified for a cantilever beam subjected to random base excitation. The case study validates the effectiveness of the methodology and shows that both metrics have the potential for damage detection. For the numerical estimation of the fatigue life, the proposed framework uses the probability density function of the stress, which is obtained from frequency‐domain methods, and an equivalent stress approach based on the Walker's equation for fatigue crack growth. Excellent agreement is found between the predicted fatigue life and the experimental values.
Assessment of environmental governance in disaster vulnerability context of rural Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md Nazirul Islam , Wen Jing , Yang Bo , Yusufzada Shaheen , Huda Nazmul , Mahbub Farzana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBangladesh faces many climate‐driven hazards due to its geophysical position and is more vulnerable than most developing countries. The natural resources‐based livelihood of the riverine island (char) dwellers is frequently hampered by the adverse effect of environmental changes. This study intends to assess the status of environmental governance for protecting disaster‐prone communities in Bangladesh. Geographically isolated disaster‐prone riverine island areas of northern Bangladesh have been purposively selected for this study. A qualitative method has been applied to explore the extent of governmental intervention. The intervention of environmental governance has been measured by assessing the role of government in disaster management by engaging with a state, market, and community for char community. In addition, secondary data were used to substantiate the argument. This study reveals that environmental governance initiatives are not enough to protect char dwellers from frequent hazards and fail to ensure livelihood resilience. The status of environmental governance in char areas is very poor, weak, inactive, and unable to address the present problem and future challenges. The article suggests that a comprehensive disaster management strategy should be implemented in the char areas through strengthening local government capacity.
“LOOK at YOU!”: Disembodiment between ugly bodies and able minds
Authors: Damianidou Eleni , Georgiadou Andri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvidence points to embodiment being perceived as a lived human experience that bridges the natural and the cultural. Therefore, embodied social identities seem to be related with the way people perceive their body as beautiful/ugly, namely worthy/not worthy. Using data from interviews with employees with disability, this paper explores the process of shaping the body within the postcolonial masculine organizational culture. On these grounds, we argue that the above process involves taking decisions at three levels: first, one must decide what their body is; second, define what their body can be; and third, assume what their body will be. Further, the data revealed how those with “ugly bodies” construct their identities in relation to nondisabled colleagues. Our theoretical and managerial contribution includes a better understanding of how workplace and social life tend to be organized based on the ideal(able) body.
The morphology, thermal property, and failure mechanism of GdNdZrO thermal barrier coatings by EB‐PVD
Authors: Shen Zaoyu , Liu Zheng , Liu Guanxi , He Limin , Mu Rende , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNowadays, the Gd2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been evaluated as a promising alternative to yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Thus, this investigation focuses on the thermal property, morphology, and failure mechanism of double ceramic layers (DCLs) GdNdZrO/YSZ advanced TBCs. The GdNdZrO coatings with columnar morphology have been deposited on NiCoCrAlYHf bond coating using an electron beam physical vapor deposition method. Material characterizations mainly include X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal conductivity of GdNdZrO ceramic material is 0.494 W/mK at 1200°C. The thermal shock life of GdNdZrO/YSZ TBCs shows an average shock life of 5235 cycles. The TBC degradation occurs on the crack area within thermally grown oxide layer leading to the interface instability. The interface broken might play an important role in the failure mechanism of TBCs.