bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Life Trails Based On Contrast Reduction Models For Face Counter-Spoofing
Authors: Katika Balaji Rao , Karthik Kannan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural face images are both content and context-rich, in the sense that they carry significant immersive information via depth cues embedded in the form of self-shadows or a space varying blur. Images of planar face prints, on the other hand, tend to have lower contrast and also suppressed depth cues. In this work, a solution is proposed, to detect planar print spoofing by enhancing self-shadow patterns present in face images. This process is facilitated and siphoned via the application of a non-linear iterative functional map, which is used to produce a contrast reductionist image sequence, termed as an image life trail. Subsequent images in this trail tend to have lower contrast in relation to the previous iteration. Differences taken across this image sequence help in bringing out the self-shadows already present in the original image. On a client specific mode, when the subjects and faces are registered, secondary statistics which capture the prominence of self-shadow information, indicate that planar print-images tend to have highly suppressed self-shadows when compared with natural face images. An elaborate tuning procedure, based on a reduced set of training images was developed to first identify the optimal parameter set and then adapt the feature-vectors so that the error-rates were minimized for a specific dataset. Overall mean error rate for the calibration-set (reduced CASIA dataset) was found to be 0.267% and the error rates for other datasets such OULU-NPU and CASIA-SURF were 0.17% and 0.73% respectively
Minimizing uncertainty in complete automation of Douglas-Peucker Algorithm for geospatial mapping
Authors: Wang Rong , Shafeeque Muhammad , Yan Haowen , Xiaoming Lu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is qualitatively evident that the greater the map scale change, the greater the optimal distance threshold of the Douglas-Peucker Algorithm, which is used in polyline simplification. However, no specific quantitative relationships between them are known by far, causing uncertainties in complete automation of the algorithm. To fill this gap, the current paper constructs quantitative relationships based on the spatial similarity theories of polylines. A quantitative spatial similarity relationship model was proposed and evaluated by setting two groups of control experiments and taking <C, T> as coordinates. In order to realize the automatic generalization of the polyline, we verified whether these quantitative relationships could be fitted using the same function with the same coefficients. The experiments revealed that the unary quadratic function is the best, whether the polylines were derived from different or the same geographical feature area(s). The results also show that using the same optimal distance threshold is unreasonable to simplify all polylines from different geographical feature areas. On the other hand, the same geographical feature area polylines could be simplified using the same optimal distance threshold. The uncertainties were assessed by evaluating the automated generalization results for position and geometric accuracy perspectives using polylines from the same geographic feature areas. It is demonstrated that in addition to maintaining the geographical features, the proposed model maintains the shape characteristics of polylines. Limiting the uncertainties would support the realization of completely automatic generalization of polylines and the construction of vector map geodatabases.
Predicting Diameter Increase Using a Quadriceps Tendon Augmentation for Undersized Hamstring Grafts in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Bourgeault-Gagnon Yoan , Leang Keith Alexandre , Balg Frédéric , Bédard Sonia , Lebel Karina , Vézina François 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The failure rate for ACL reconstruction varies between 5 to 25% depending on the population. Recent studies found a higher failure rate with grafts of 8 millimeters in diameter or less. Various options are described when the graft’s diameter is inferior to the target value, but little literature helps us predict the final diameter during surgeries. Therefore, this study’s goal is to describe a new technique supplementing a hamstring graft folded in half with a quadricipital tendon band of partial width and thickness (4S+Q), and to predict the final diameter. Methods Thirty-three cadaveric knees were dissected in order to harvest semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (4S) along with a 6mm wide tendon band from the rectus femoris. Harvesting was done according to the usual surgical technique. Measures of length and diameter in 4S and 4S+Q configurations were performed separately by three evaluators. Results The threshold diameter of 8,5 mm was attained in only 30% of 4S grafts within our population in comparison with 88% when augmented with a quadriceps band. The average diameter increase with the 4S+Q configuration was 1,49 mm. A threshold of 7,5 mm was established for the applicability of this augmentation technique considering that 93% of the grafts measuring 7,5 mm or more reached the 8,5mm target. Conclusions The 4S+Q configuration offers a salvage option worth adding to one’s arsenal, significantly increasing the graft’s diameter. The width of the quadricipital tendon sample can be adjusted and will need further study.
Multi-Omics Analysis of Oral Bacterial Biofilm on Titanium Oxide Nanostructure Modified Implant Surface: in Vivo Sequencing-Based Pilot Study in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Sun Hanyu , Chan Yuki , Li Xuan , Xu Ruogu , Zhang Zhengchuan , Deng Feilong , Yu Xiaolin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsSurface modifications of titanium implants play essential role in facilitating osteointegration and enhancing their antimicrobial properties, while the latter is critical for preventing infectious diseases caused by the biofilm. However, it remains unknown about how the surface modifications could affect the composition and functional gene expression of oral microbiota deposited on the titanium implants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different nanostructured surfaces on the biofilm in vivo.ResultsNanophase calcium phosphate were successfully deposited into or between the TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of 70–90 nm. NT and NTN surfaces showed increased roughness than the MP surface. XPS spectra showed that the O 1s was mainly divided into two bands in MP and NT samples, including Ti-O and -OH, while the surface modification of TiO2 nanotube in NT accounted for the increased intensity of Ti-O with the reference to that in MP samples. After the deposition of calcium phosphate, two new elemental peaks of Ca and P can be identified from the XPS survey spectrum of NTN. Moreover, the O 1s of NTN sample could be differentiated into three peaks, while the new one represented the -PO band. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that NT and NTN had minimal impact on the diversity and community structure of oral microbiota. Metatranscriptomic sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mostly differed in the terms of the biological process and cellular component on different surfaces. Gene Ontology (GO) terms enrichment indicated that NTN down-regulate the genes associated in localization and locomotion. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated with microbial metabolism, protein synthesis and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells.ConclusionTiO2 nanotube and calcium phosphate-coated TiO2 nanotube despite improving the antimicrobial properties of implant surfaces, had unexpectedly minimal impact on the microbiome composition and diversity. Notably, nanostructured titanium surfaces could inhibit the bacterial migration and colonization, down-regulate the pathogen invasion pathways, and further destruct bacterial cellular membrane, all in all, conferred the bactericidal properties.
Platelet Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles Carry microRNA inhibitor Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhou Tingting , Xu Mingming , Yang Xuechao , He Shuai , Wang Shuo , Wu Anqi , Zhang Mingyang , Zhou You Lang , Shi Jiahai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The incidence of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is increasing year by year, and there is an urgent need to develop new treatment methods. Nrf2 is believed to play a protective role during MIRI and is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Platelets are physiologically targeted to MIRI injury sites. The focus of this study is on platelet membranes, also called platelet membrane vesicles (PMVs), camouflaged PLGA nanoparticles, carrying microRNA inhibitors to regulate Nrf2, and play a therapeutic role during MIRI.
Results

First, we characterized the high transfection efficiency and low toxicity of PLGA in vitro, as well as the good targeting of PMVs in vivo; then, we found a microRNA (microRNA-155-5p) that effectively regulates Nrf2 in vitro, and confirmed its effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during MIRI; finally, PMVs camouflaged PLGA-miRNA complexes (PMVs@PLGA-miRNA complexes) were prepared and applied to MIRI treatment, and it was found that it can significantly alleviate the myocardial damage caused by MIRI in vivo and exert effective therapeutic effects.
Conclusions

This research has developed a PMVs camouflaged PLGA nanoparticles, which can carry microRNA inhibitors (PMVs@PLGA-miRNA complexes), which can be targeted and efficiently transfected into cardiomyocytes, and play an important role in the treatment of MIRI. Our results suggest a novel biological delivery system that targets M​​IRI.
Calling Situated: A Survey Among Medical Students Supplemented by a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bonvin Sandra , Stiefel Friedrich , Gholam Mehdi , Bourquin Celine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

calling within the medical context receives growing academic attention and empirical research has started to demonstrate its beneficial effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate what motivates students to enter medical school and what role calling may play (i), to evaluate if calling influences their perception of the learning context (ii) and to compare medical students’ experience of calling with those of physicians.
Methods

A questionnaire survey was distributed among medical students (N = 1048; response rate above 60%) of Lausanne University, Switzerland, supplemented by a group discussion between bachelor medical students (N = 8) and senior physicians (N = 4), focusing on different facets of calling. An existing data set of a survey among physicians, addressing calling with the same items, was used to compare students’ and physicians’ attitudes towards calling. Survey data were analyzed with the habitual statistical procedures for categorical and continuous variables. The group discussion was analyzed by means of thematic analysis.
Results

the survey showed that experiencing calling is a motivational factor for study choice and influences positively choice consistency. Students experiencing calling differed from those who did not : they attributed different definitions to calling, indicated more often prosocial motivational factors for entering medical school and perceived the learning context as less burdensome. The analysis of the group discussion revealed that calling is polysemous, fluid, conceived as having the characteristics of a double-edged sword and originating from within or outside or from a dialectic interplay between the inner and outer world. Finally, calling is experienced less often by physicians than by medical students, who experience calling in a decreasing prevalence with increasing immersion in the clinical years of the study of medicine.
Conclusions

calling plays an important role in study choice and consistency of medical students. Given its relevance for medical students and its ramifications with the learning context, calling should become a topic of the reflexive parts of the medical curriculum. We critically discuss the role played by calling for medical students and provide some perspectives on how calling could be integrated in the reflection and teaching on physician-hood.
Comparison of Fragmentation and Dusting Laser Modes for Laser Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy of Ureteral Stones at a Single Center
Authors: Chen Bo-Han , Lin Tsu-Feng , Chen Marcelo , Chiu Allen W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is an efficacious treatment for ureteral stones. There have been few previous studies compared the different energy and frequency settings for URSL in a single center. The fragmentation and dusting laser mode were simultaneously used in our medical center. We compared the efficacy and outcomes of these two laser modalities for the treatment of ureteral stones.Methods Patients who underwent fragmentation or dusting laser URSL for ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic data, stone parameters, perioperative data and stone-free rates were analyzed between the two groups.Results There were a total of 421 patients with ureteral stones who met the study criteria. More patients in the dusting group had multiple ureteral stones and pyuria than in the fragmentation group. The fragmentation group had a better stone free rate and a lower push back rate compared with the dusting group. (82% vs. 71%; 10% vs. 20% respectively, both p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that stone basket use (odds ratio [OR] = 3.026; p<0.001) significantly improved the stone free rate, whereas multiple stones (OR=0.322; p <0.001), upper ureteral stone location (OR=0.098; p=0.002) and pyuria (OR=0.428; p=0.001) significantly decreased the stone free rate. The laser mode used was not significantly related to the stone free rate in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions Both laser modes were effective and safe for ureteral lithotripsy. Risk factors associated with a lower stone free rate were multiple stones, pyuria, upper ureteral stone location and an operation without the use of a stone basket.
Screening for Odorant Receptor Genes Expressed in Aedes Aegypti Involved in Blood-Feeding and Oviposition Behaviors
Authors: Ni Meng , Zhao Teng , Lv Hui-xin , Li Man-jin , Xing Dan , Zhao Tong-yan , Li Chun-xiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Aedes aegypti is one of the most important vector worldwide, and its survival and reproductive processes depend heavily on the olfactory system. In this study, the expression levels of all odorant receptor (OR) genes of Ae. aegypti were explored in different physiological periods to identify olfactory genes that may be associated with mosquito blood sucking and searching for oviposition sites.Methods: Four groups, consisting of Ae. aegypti males (M), pre-blood-feeding females (F), post-blood-feeding females (B) and post-oviposition females (O), were established. A total of 114 pairs of primer targeting all OR genes were designed based on the whole genome of Ae. aegypti. The expression of OR genes was evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for relative quantification and the comparison of differences between groups.Results: A total of 53 differentially expressed OR genes were identified between males and females in Ae. aegypti antennae. And 8, 5 and 13 differentially expressed OR genes were identified before versus after blood feeding, before versus after oviposition and post-blood-feeding versus post-oviposition, respectively. Meanwhile, 16 OR genes were significantly differentially expressed in multiple physiological periods of mosquitoes.Conclusions: A large number of ORs with significant intergroup differences and high expression levels were screened in this study, including OR75, OR88, OR110 and OR115 and so on. Some of these genes are reported for the first time, providing possible targets for the development of mosquito control pathways based on the olfactory system.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Serum Potassium and Postoperative Rehabilitation of Patients Undergoing Radical Resection of Gastrointestinal Malignancy
Authors: Tian Shunping , Zhang Dongsheng , Wang Ying , Yu Leyang , Yu Yanlong , Li Ning , Yan Shiting , Zhou Wei , Zhang Zhuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative potassium and postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: Totally 124 patients scheduled for elective radical resection of gastrointestinal malignant tumor under general anesthesia were included. and randomly assigned to four groups (n=31): groups D1, D2 and D3 received dexmedetomidine loading dose 1, 1 and 0.5 μg/kg and maintenance dose 0.25, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/kg/h, respectively, group C received normal saline 50 ml/h for 10 min and maintenance dose 10 ml/h. Serum potassium and lactate changes were recorded at 5 min after arteriovenous puncture (T1), 1 h after surgery beginning (T6), surgery ending (T7) and 1 h into the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (T10). Serum potassium was examined at 48 h after surgery (T11). Perioperative rehabilitation indicators were recorded.Results: Compared with basal values, serum potassium concentration in groups C, D1 and D2 increased significantly at T11 (P=0.003, 0.002, and ˂0.001, respectively) and at T7 (P=0.008), T10 (P=0.015) and T11 (P˂0.001) in group D3. Serum potassium at T11 in group D2 was significantly lower than group C (P=0.032). Serum potassium at T7 in group D3 was significantly higher than group D2 (P=0.036). There were no significant differences in perioperative rehabilitation indicators in all groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine did not decrease perioperative potassium significantly in patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal malignancy, while its loading dose 0.5 μg/kg and maintenance dose 0.5 μg/kg/h can elevate potassium slightly with no adverse effect on perioperative rehabilitation.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov website (registration number: NCT04771637).
Huangdi Anxiao Attenuated High Glucose-Induced PC12 Cells Neurotoxicity via Inhibiting Apoptosis Pathway of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Ye Ting , Xuan Wei-ting , Zhou Peng , Shao Nan , Song Hang , Wang Yan , Hu Guan-hua , Wang Ting-ting , Wang Guang-yun , Fang Zhao-hui , Cai Biao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Huangdi Anxiao (HDAX) is mainly used to treat diabetes and its complications for many years and has a remarkable curative effect. However, the improvement effect of HDAX in the diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) model and the related mechanism is not clear. This study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of HDAX and its possible mechanisms in DCD.
Methods

A DCD cell model was established by high glucose-induced PC12 cells, and the effect of HDAX on the cell viability was examined by MTT. Additionally, the expression of relevant genes and proteins in the apoptosis pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was detected.
Results

The results showed that HDAX increased cell viability, reduced GRP78, CHOP, Bax, procaspase-12, procaspase-9, procaspase-3 mRNA levels and GRP78, CHOP, Bax, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 protein expressions, and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA level and protein expression.
Conclusions

These results suggested that HDAX had neuroprotective effects in the DCD cell model, which may be associated with the inhibition of the apoptosis pathway of ER stress.
Effect of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Sarcopenic Obesity on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Seo Da Hea , Suh Young Ju , Cho Yongin , Ahn Seong Hee , Seo Seongha , Hong Seongbin , Lee Yong-ho , Choi Young Ju , Lee Eunjig , Kim So Hun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The causal relationship between low muscle mass and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between low muscle mass or sarcopenic obesity and the risk of incident CKD in patients with T2DM. A total of 3,123 patients with T2DM with preserved renal function were followed up for incident CKD. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and abdominal obesity. During 8.9 years of follow-up, 530 (17.0%) patients developed incident CKD. When subjects were divided into three groups based on sex-specific tertiles, lower muscle mass was not associated with an increased risk of incident CKD after adjustment for risk factors. However, when patients were divided into four groups according to the presence of sarcopenia and obesity, sarcopenic obesity was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.24-2.51; p=0.001) compared to the other groups. Sarcopenic obesity, but not low muscle mass alone, may increase the risk of CKD in patients with T2DM.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in all Individuals Diagnosed with Down Syndrome (DS): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Seesahai Judy , Church Paige , Patel Lina , Rotter Thomas , Asztalos Elizabeth , Lam Henry , Belden Brian , Banihani Rudaina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDTraditionally, autism spectrum disorder in people with Down syndrome was believed to be uncommon. This misconception is rooted in the challenges that a dual diagnosis poses. In fact, evidence indicates that children with Down syndrome are at risk for autism spectrum disorder with a potentially higher prevalence than the typically developing population. The purpose of this review is to determine the reported prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder in all individuals with Down syndrome in comparison to the prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder in the typical population when specific diagnostic tools are used. METHODSWe will conduct a systematic review of the prevalence and incidence data and perform a meta-analysis on these results. This study will consider all studies that reported on children and adults with an existing diagnosis of Down syndrome and diagnosed by the standardized assessments for autism spectrum disorder. We will also consider the diagnoses made by team assessment (psychologist, psychiatrist & developmental pediatrician), according to DSM-III, DSM-IV or DSM-V criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder or if they use autism spectrum disorder screeners. Studies will be considered from all countries that have data reporting prevalence on this topic. We will not apply language restrictions, attempting to translate studies that are not in English. We will search five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL). Two reviewers will conduct all screening and data extraction independently. The articles will be categorized according to key findings and a critical appraisal performed.DISCUSSIONThe results of this review will bring increased awareness of the presence of autism spectrum disorder in individuals with Down syndrome. In doing so, this may facilitate a recommendation for screening and diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder in all individuals with Down syndrome. Based on the research demonstrating the benefits of early identification and intervention on the outcomes of children with autism, we anticipate similar benefits in this population. This will guide the allocation of resources and direct future research.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATIONWe registerd the review title prospectively on PROSPERO on November 8, 2021. Registration number: CRD42020213282