bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemical activity of macroporous silicon formed in molten calcium chloride
Authors: Juzeliūnas Eimutis , Coxon Paul R. , Fray Derek J. , Kalinauskas Putinas , Valsiūnas Ignas , Miečinskas Povilas 
Published: January 2025

A method of macro-porous silicon formation is proposed, which is based on silicon cathodic polarization in molten calcium chloride. It is assumed that the porosity formation is due to interaction of electrochemically reduced calcium metal with the silicon substrate. Surface architectures were composed of the pores up to 10 micrometers in thickness. High photoactivity of the samples was determined by photoelectrochemical measurements using white light and ethyl viologen as an electroactive agent. The proposed method offers new opportunities for silicon surface technologies, for instance, preparation of efficient electrodes for batteries and photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation as well as the platforms for sensors and antireflection coatings for photodevices.
The influence of Vietnam and Sri Lanka spinel mineral chemical elements on colour
Authors: Kleišmantas Arūnas , Daukšytė Aistė 
Published: January 2025

The chemical composition of 42 various colour spinel minerals from the Vietnam Luc Yan locality and the Sri Lanka Ratnapura locality were investigated and according to the results of the research the chromophore influence on colour was interpreted. It was established that the colour of spinel mineral is determined not only by chromium, iron, cobalt but also by vanadium. We assume that V3+ determines the brown or yellow spinel colour, since a relatively high content of V2O3 (0.44–0.88%), which may determine the orangey hue of mineral, was found in the investigated orangey pink samples from the Ratnapura locality. Other chromophores found in these samples, such as chrome oxide (0.05–0.36%), iron oxide (0.08–0.28%) and cobalt oxide (0.05–0.20%), show low or medium contents, which determined the pink hue of spinel. After carrying out the research on the samples of dark red spinel, it was established that the red colour is determined by a high content of Cr3+. The purple/violet colour of samples is determined by Fe2+ and a low content of Co2+, whereas the pink hue of samples is determined by Cr3+ and a high content of Fe2+, which saturation depends on the quantitative ratio of Fe2+ and Cr3+. Relatively low contents of chromophores V3+, Cr3+, Fe2+ and Co2+ were found in the pinkish grey spinel, thus their hue is grey.
KHẢO SÁT SỰ CẢI THIỆN VIÊM MŨI XOANG MẠN Ở BỆNH NHI ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI NẠO VA BẰNG DAO PLASMA
Authors: Hà Nguyễn Anh Thư , Trần Phan Chung Thủy 
Published: January 2025

Đặt vấn đề: Viêm mũi xoang mạn là bệnh thường gặp ở trẻ em nhất là trẻ dưới 6 tuổi. VA được coi là một trong những nguyên nhân gây bệnh. Các nghiên cứu trên thế giới cho thấy bệnh nhân viêm mũi xoang mạn kèm viêm VA mạn quá phát thì phẫu thuật nạo VA có tác động tốt đến sự cải thiện viêm mũi xoang mạn. Ở Việt Nam, nghiên cứu về vấn đề này vẫn còn ít, nên chúng tôi thực hiện đề tài này với mục tiêu “Khảo sát sự cải thiện viêm mũi xoang mạn ở bệnh nhi được phẫu thuật nội soi nạo VA bằng dao Plasma”. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hàng loạt ca gồm 47 bệnh nhi từ 2 – 7 tuổi được chẩn đoán viêm mũi xoang mạn theo EPOS 2020 có kèm viêm VA mạn quá phát độ 2 trở lên, có chỉ định và được phẫu thuật nội soi nạo VA bằng dao Plasma tại bệnh viện Tai Mũi Họng TP.HCM, từ 3/2021 đến 10/2021. Kết quả: Triệu chứng cơ năng viêm mũi xoang mạn cải thiện từ 80% - 100% sau 6 tháng, về hình ảnh nội soi mũi xoang cải thiện sau 1 tháng là 78.6%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nạo VA làm cải thiện tình trạng viêm mũi xoang mạn rất rõ rệt và được xem là bước đầu trong việc điều trị viêm mũi xoang mạn ở trẻ em.
Improving Students' Critical Thinking Ability Through a Project Based Learning Model on Basic Laws of Chemistry Concepts
Authors: Jusniar Jusniar , Syamsidah Syamsidah , Auliah Army , Fadly Dewiyanti 
Published: January 2025

This descriptive research aims to provide an overview of critical thinking ability (CTA) through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning model. The description is carried out based on the categorization of the normalized gain results according to Meltzser from the CTA aspect, namely interpretation, analysis, inference, deduction and evaluation abilities. The research subjects were Class XE1 of SMAN 1 Gowa with 35 students. Data collection on critical thinking skills using essay tests for basic laws of chemistry. From the research data, the N Gain Score value for all indicators of critical thinking skills is in the medium category. The N Gain Score value for the critical thinking skills indicator, namely interpretation skills is 74%, analysis skills is 56%, inference skills is 67%, deduction skills is 55%, and evaluation skills is 48$. With this increase it can be concluded that the Project-Based Learning model is able to improve skills students' critical thinking on basic laws of chemistry.
Rapid Assessment of Invasive Alien Species in Wetlands of Lao PDR
Authors: CHANTHALOUNNAVONG Somvilay , PHOMMEXAY P , INKHAVILAY Khamla , SOUTHAMMAVONG L , PHENGVICHIT V , SAYAVONGSA P 
Published: January 2025

The Rapid Assessment of Invasive Alien Species in Wetlands of Lao PDR, was conducted to assess the status of four key invasive alien species such as Giant mimosa (Mimosa pigra), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), Suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) at three wetland sites, including Beung Kiat Ngong in Champasack Province, Xe Champhone in Savannakhet Province and Nong Nga Swamp in Borlikhamxay Province. The study included field surveys and interviews of key informants from communities. The study showed that all invasive species are commonly found in wetlands, streams, riverbanks, ponds and rice fields. Local people opinion on floods brought and distributed IAS over these areas. Only Suckermounth catfish is not significant in all three study sites. Mimosa pigra is the most concerned from people’s opinion. It is fast growing and difficult to manage, having no benefits to human and environment. Water hyacinth impacts on water flow, creating thicker sludges along wetland edges, riverbanks and oxbow swamps. Water hyacinth is of highest concerns in Xe Champhone wetlands. People are having difficulties in fishing and boat travelling where the giant mimosa and water hyacinth are invading. When Golden apple snail is present, the variety of aquatic resources is getting loss, such as smalls fishes, shrimps, native snails. Golden apple snails also ate rice plants. However, some families, collect apple snails for sell as an extra income. No special management plan from local government or development projects for invasive species eradication. Some attempts can be done by communities to manage IAS such as cutting, ploughing, and burning mimosa. People collected water hyacinth by hand, left on the ground to dry and burn. For apple snails, farmers collected from their own fields let them dry on the ground. A collaboration on IAS eradication environmentally is required, financial supports from government and international organization is needed.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Photonic Noble‐Metal Nanomaterials
Authors: Cai Yi‐Yu , Choi Yun Chang , Kagan Cherie R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColloidal noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are composed of metal cores and organic or inorganic ligand shells. These NPs support size‐ and shape‐dependent plasmonic resonances. They can be assembled from dispersions into artificial metamolecules which have collective plasmonic resonances originating from coupled bright and dark optical electric and magnetic modes that form depending on the size and shape of the constituent NPs and their number, arrangement, and interparticle distance. NPs can also be assembled into extended 2D and 3D metamaterials that are glassy thin films or ordered thin films or crystals, also known as superlattices and supercrystals. The metamaterials have tunable optical properties that depend on the size, shape, and composition of the NPs, and on the number of NP layers and their interparticle distance. Interestingly, strong light‐matter interactions in superlattices form plasmon polaritons. Tunable interparticle distances allow designer materials with dielectric functions tailorable from that characteristic of an insulator to that of a metal, and serve as strong optical absorbers or scatterers, respectively. In combination with lithography techniques, these extended assemblies can be patterned to create subwavelength NP superstructures and form large‐area 2D and 3D metamaterials that manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of transmitted or reflected light.
Multi‐scale model predicting friction of crystalline materials
Authors: Torche Paola C. , Silva Andrea , Kramer Denis , Polcar Tomas , Hovorka Ondrej 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA multi‐scale computational framework suitable for designing solid lubricant interfaces fully in silico is presented. The approach is based on stochastic thermodynamics founded on the classical thermally activated 2D Prandtl–Tomlinson model, linked with first principles methods to accurately capture the properties of real materials. It allows investigating the energy dissipation due to friction in materials as it arises directly from their electronic structure, and naturally accessing the time‐scale range of a typical friction force microscopy. This opens new possibilities for designing a broad class of material surfaces with atomically tailored properties. The multi‐scale framework is applied to a class of 2D layered materials and reveals a delicate interplay between the topology of the energy landscape and dissipation that known static approaches based solely on the energy barriers fail to capture.
New Exciplex‐Forming Co‐Host System and Thienothiadazole‐based Fluorescent Emitter for High‐Efficiency and Promising Stability Near‐Infrared OLED
Authors: Chen Yi‐Sheng , Luo Dian , Wei Wei‐Chih , Chen Bo‐Lin , Yeh Tzu‐Hung , Liu Shun‐Wei , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo new spirobifluorene (SF)‐centered donors (D) DPSF and DTSF are developed to blend with acceptor (A) CN‐T2T for exciplex formation. The transient photoluminescence characterizations of pristine donor and D:A blended films verify the donor aggregates emissions that lead to relatively low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of exciplex emission. However, the charge recombination at lower energy exciplex state leads the device with DPSF:CN‐T2T blend to give electroluminescence (EL) λmax of 584 nm and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.0%. The DPSF:CN‐T2T exciplex excitons are efficiently extracted by a D‐A‐D‐type fluorescence emitter TTDSF comprising thienothiadiazole core and SF peripherals via Förster energy transfer to give near‐infrared (NIR) emission (760 nm, PLQY 26%). After the electron‐transporting layer thickness optimization, the device with DPSF:CN‐T2T: 7 wt.% TTDSF as emitting layer affords EL λmax 774 nm and EQE up to 5.3%, one of the best cases in NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). More importantly, the device stability has been examined to display an excellent lifetime (LT95 > 200 hours). This work manifests the judicious combination of an exciplex‐forming co‐host system and a designated NIR emitter equipping with a high quinoidal core and rigid peripheral SF groups that can realize an efficient NIR OLED.
A Combined State of Charge Estimation Method for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Cubature Kalman Filter and Least Square with Gradient Correction
Authors: Liu Zheng , Chen Shaohang , Wu Huifeng , Huang Heyue , Zhao Zhenhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReliable state of charge (SOC) is the core of the energy storage system for electric vehicles. An efficient method of parameter identification and SOC estimation for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) using cubature Kalman filter (CKF) and least square with gradient correction is proposed. Firstly, the recursive gradient correction (RGC) strategy is introduced based on the recursive least square with forgetting factor (FFRLS) method, and a novel way is proposed for a simplified equivalent circuit model (ECM) based LIBs parameter identification using the combination of RGC and FFRLS method. Then, on the basis of CKF, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is used instead of the Cholesky decomposition to solve the non‐positive definiteness matrix for cubature transformation in the priori estimated covariance, thereby improving the effect of SOC estimation. Finally, the dynamic stress test (DST) and the federal urban driving schedule (FUDS) are used to verify the effect of the proposed method. The test results reflect that the combination of RGCFFRLS‐SVDCKF method and simplified ECM have advantages in terms of LIBs SOC estimation convergence ability and tracking accuracy, and the SOC estimation error can converge to 1% and 1.5% error boundary when the initial SOC are 0.5 and 0.8, respectively. In addition, the robustness of the proposed method is verified. Compared with the FFRLS‐EKF method, the proposed RGCFFRLS‐SVDCKF method has better precision and robustness to noise disturbance.
2D Material‐Based Optical Biosensor: Status and Prospect
Authors: Lei Zong‐Lin , Guo Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe combination of 2D materials and optical biosensors has become a hot research topic in recent years. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and other 2D materials (metal oxides and degenerate semiconductors) have unique optical properties and play a unique role in the detection of different biomolecules. Through the modification of 2D materials, optical biosensor has the advantages that traditional sensors (such as electrical sensing) do not have, and the sensitivity and detection limit are greatly improved. Here, optical biosensors based on different 2D materials are reviewed. First, various detection methods of biomolecules, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and evanescent wave and properties, preparation and integration strategies of 2D material, are introduced in detail. Second, various biosensors based on 2D materials are summarized. Furthermore, the applications of these optical biosensors in biological imaging, food safety, pollution prevention/control, and biological medicine are discussed. Finally, the future development of optical biosensors is prospected. It is believed that with their in‐depth research in the laboratory, optical biosensors will gradually become commercialized and improve people's quality of life in many aspects.
Kongera Kwiyubaka (rebuilding ourselves again): Culturally responsive and contextually relevant collective healing in post‐genocide Rwanda
Authors: Ndagijimana Jean Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrawing on the local experiences, knowledge, and wisdom of Rwandan youth can make them agents of healing from the genocide against the Tutsi in ways that are culturally appropriate, relevant, and meaningful. This qualitative study aimed to develop an emerging framework for intervening with youth that is centered in the experiences and cultural context of the Rwandan youth post‐genocide. Drawing on Grounded Action research of post‐genocide community‐led healing practices with a group of 23 high school students, results indicated that “psychological healing” in post‐genocide Rwanda may require different approaches than the dominant Western healing models. For research participants, “healing” meant “kongera kwiyubaka” (building ourselves again after the genocide), requiring “kwigira” (self‐reliance) and “gusasa inzobe” (openness to share what is in their hearts). This study recommends that scholars, policy makers, and funders reimagine existing models of healing in post‐genocide Rwanda and support local initiatives drawing on wisdom from lived experiences.
A Universal Strategy for Tunable Persistent Luminescent Materials via Radiative Energy Transfer
Authors: Ma Liangwei , Xu Qingyang , Sun Siyu , Ding Bingbing , Huang Zizhao , Ma Xiang , Tian He 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, a universal strategy for solid, solution, or gel state organic persistent luminescent materials via radiative energy transfer is proposed. The persistent luminescence (τ>0.7 s) could be remotely regulated between different colors by controlling the isomerization of the energy acceptor. The function relies on the simple radiative energy transfer (reabsorption) mechanism, rather than the complicated communication between the excited state of the molecules such as Förster resonance energy transfer or Dexter energy transfer. And the “apparent lifetime” for the energy acceptor is the same as the lifetime of the energy donor, which was different with a traditional radiative energy transfer process. The simple working principle endows this strategy with huge universality, flexibility, and operability. This work offers a simple, feasible, and universal way to construct various persistent luminescent materials in solid, solution, and gel states.
High‐performance blended membranes based on poly(arylene ether sulfone) and sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Authors: Ramos‐Rivera Gilberto , Suleiman David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, two series of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAES) with hydrophobic blocks made of 4,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl (BP) and 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) propane (BPA) were synthesized. The copolymers were prepared by a coupling reaction between decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP) end‐capped nonsulfonated block (PAES A or B) and sulfonated block (SPAES B). The reactive behavior of DFBP facilitates the low‐temperature coupling reaction (below 105°C). The final copolymers were blended at distinct weight percent ratios (0, 20, 30, and 40) with poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) at a sulfonation level of 88% to obtain strong and flexible membranes. Morphological, thermal stability, and conduction properties of the resulting membranes were measured and reported here. Results suggest that phase segregation between hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains occurs below 1 meq. g−1 ion exchange capacity. These membranes have low water absorption and high thermal stability. Incorporating SIBS 88 into the blend added elastomeric behavior enhancing transport properties and additional ionic domains, achieving proton conductivities of 0.21 S cm−1 for BPA‐based membranes at 50°C (40% SIBS 88). The selectivity of the studied membranes surpasses Nafion® 117, making them strong candidates for proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cell applications.
An integrated laboratory experiment for the determination of main components in different food samples
Authors: Khalid Habiba , Amin Farrukh Raza , Chen Chang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn integrated laboratory experiment was designed for introducing biochemistry students to basic static biochemistry to deepen their understanding on the properties and analysis of biomolecules such as total carbohydrates, lipid, protein, and protein‐constituent amino acids. Food represents a very important source of biomolecules of technological and functional interest; therefore, 15 types of food samples were selected to demonstrate the analysis of basic composition of these biomolecules. In this experiment, students learnt testing the total carbohydrates of all the food samples using 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, while performing acid hydrolysis. Then, lipid extraction was done using Soxhlet extraction method in order to determine the crude lipid concentration in different samples. After this, the students learnt testing crude protein content of these samples by using Kjeldahl method, and amino acid analysis was performed using HPLC. From the experiments, students grasped the concept and advantages of these methods and deepened their understanding on compositional analysis of different food samples. This laboratory exercise can be included into any college‐level biochemistry courses and gives hands‐on experience to the students for conducting scientific research in the field of life sciences, food science, and other bio‐related fields.
A development platform prototype for virtual laboratories
Authors: Ni Jian‐Long , Li Jing‐Rong , Xu De‐Jian , Yu Yong‐Peng , Wang Qing‐Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVirtual laboratories provide a cost‐efficient way for schools and universities to organize high‐quality laboratory work in engineering disciplines. However, developing virtual labs is time‐consuming and often comes with duplicated efforts in developing common features. This paper presents a development platform prototype for virtual laboratories (DPVL). It consists of multiple modules to meet the needs of developing virtual labs. Details of the platform module design and its implementation are explained. Finally, the case study about the development of a virtual gearbox lab demonstrates the functionality of DPVL and the process of applying it for corresponding development. To evaluate the performance of DPVL, a comparative study has been conducted by involving different developers to develop the same virtual lab with and without the support of DPVL. The results proved that the VL development effort can be greatly reduced by more than 60% both in development time consumed and the code size generated. Moreover, DPVL is further tested for its hardware compatibility by students who developed VL for different display hardware. However, the final user evaluation experiment conducted has verified that DPVL is well received by users in terms of its ease of development, user‐friendliness, and usefulness.
Characteristics of metastasis and survival between male and female breast cancer with different molecular subtypes: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Fang Wentong , Huang Yue , Han Xu , Peng Jinghui , Zheng Mingjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMale breast cancer (BC) is a rare disease, having different clinicopathological features and survival outcomes from female patients. The aim of this research was to, combine with molecular subtypes, analyze the metastatic patterns, and prognosis between male and female patients, and to determine whether the gender was the independent prognostic factor for BC.MethodsData used in this study were acquired from the SEER database from 2010 to 2016. The clinicopathology features and metastatic patterns were compared by the Chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan–Meier method was performed to compare overall survival (OS) and factors correlated with OS were determined by Cox regression models. Competing risk models were used to ascertain factors related to breast cancer‐specific death (BCSD).ResultsCompared with female BC, the incidence of regional LN (HR 1.849, 95% CI 1.674–2.043, p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (HR 1.421, 95%CI: 1.157–1.744, p < 0.001) was higher in male BC. For regional LN metastasis, hormone receptor (HoR)−/HER2+ subtype occupied the majority in both male (55.56%) and female (36.86%) groups. For distant metastasis, HoR−/HER2− subtype (21.26%), and HoR−/HER2+ (7.67%) were in major in male and female group separately. Male patients shared similar combinations of metastases with female groups as for single‐site, bi‐site, and tri‐site metastasis. Gender was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p < 0.001) but not for BCSD(p = 0.620). In subgroup of patients with HoR+/HER2−(OS: p = 0.003; BCSD: p = 0.606), HoR+/HER2+(OS: p = 0.003; BCSD: p = 0.277), regional LN positive(OS: p = 0.005; BCSD: p = 0.379), or bone metastasis (OS: p = 0.030; BCSD: p = 0.862), the male cohort had poorer OS but similar BCSD with female cohort.ConclusionsCompared with female patients, male BC had different metastasis patterns and prognostic outcomes, and the affection of breast subtypes on metastasis and survivorship was also different. More attention needs to be paid for specific molecular subtype and more personalized therapeutic strategies should be customized while treating male patients.