bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MARRIAGE OF BROUWER’S INTUITIONISM AND HILBERT’S FINITISM I: ARITHMETIC
Authors: NEMOTO TAKAKO , KENTARO SATO 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate which part of Brouwer’s Intuitionistic Mathematics is finitistically justifiable or guaranteed in Hilbert’s Finitism, in the same way as similar investigations on Classical Mathematics (i.e., which part is equiconsistent with$\textbf {PRA}$or consistent provably in$\textbf {PRA}$) already done quite extensively in proof theory and reverse mathematics. While we already knew a contrast from the classical situation concerning the continuity principle, more contrasts turn out: we show that several principles are finitistically justifiable or guaranteed which are classically not. Among them are:(i)fan theorem for decidable fans but arbitrary bars;(ii)continuity principle and the axiom of choice both for arbitrary formulae; and(iii)$\Sigma _2$induction and dependent choice. We also show that Markov’s principle MP does not change this situation; that neither does lesser limited principle of omniscience LLPO (except the choice along functions); but that limited principle of omniscience LPO makes the situation completely classical.
VARIATIONS ON DETERMINACY AND ℵω1
Authors: SAMI RAMEZ L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider a seemingly weaker form of
$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$
Turing determinacy.Let
$2 \leqslant \rho < \omega _{1}^{\mathsf {CK}}$
,
$\textrm{Weak-Turing-Det}_{\rho }(\Delta ^{1}_{1})$
is the statement:Every
$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$
set of reals cofinal in the Turing degrees contains two Turing distinct,
$\Delta ^{0}_{\rho }$
-equivalent reals.We show in
$\mathsf {ZF}^-$
:
$\textrm{Weak-Turing-Det}_{\rho }(\Delta ^{1}_{1})$
implies: for every
$\nu < \omega _{1}^{\mathsf {CK}}$
there is a transitive model
${M \models \mathsf {ZF}^{-} + \textrm{``}\aleph _{\nu } \textrm{ exists''.}}$
As a corollary:If every cofinal
$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$
set of Turing degrees contains both a degree and its jump, then for every
$\nu < \omega_1^{\mathsf{CK}}$
, there is atransitive model:
$M \models \mathsf{ZF}^{-} + \textrm{``}\aleph_\nu \textrm{ exists''.}$
•With a simple proof, this improves upon a well-known result of Harvey Friedman on the strength of Borel determinacy (though not assessed level-by-level).•Invoking Tony Martin’s proof of Borel determinacy,
$\textrm{Weak-Turing-Det}_{\rho }(\Delta ^{1}_{1})$
implies
$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$
determinacy.•We show further that, assuming
$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$
Turing determinacy, or Borel Turing determinacy, as needed:–Every cofinal
$\Sigma ^{1}_{1}$
set of Turing degrees contains a “hyp-Turing cone”:
${\{x \in \mathcal {D} \mid d_{0} \leqslant _{T} x \leqslant _{h} d_{0} \}}$
.–For a sequence
$(A_{k})_{k < \omega }$
of analytic sets of Turing degrees, cofinal in
$\mathcal {D}$
,
$\bigcap _{k} A_{k}$
is cofinal in
$\mathcal {D}$
.
DAVID HUME AS A PROTO-WEBERIAN: COMMERCE, PROTESTANTISM, AND SECULAR CULTURE
Authors: Schabas Margaret 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDavid Hume wrote prolifically and influentially on economics and was an enthusiast for the modern commercial era of manufacturing and global trade. As a vocal critic of the Church, and possibly a nonbeliever, Hume positioned commerce at the vanguard of secularism. I here argue that Hume broached ideas that gesture toward those offered by Max Weber in his famous Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5). Hume discerned a strong correlation between economic flourishing and Protestantism, and he pointed to a “spirit of the age” that was built on modern commerce and fueled by religious tolerance. The Roman Catholic Church, by contrast, came under considerable attack by Hume, for fostering intolerance and draining and diverting funds. Hume recognized several of the dispositions that later appealed to Weber: an increased work ethic and tendency to frugality, enterprise, and investment in Protestant regions. A neo-Weberian literature now points to additional factors, the spread of literacy and the fostering of a network of trust among strangers, both of which Hume noted. Insofar as modern commerce both feeds upon and fosters more liberties and representative government, Hume also linked these with the advent and spread of Protestantism. My aim is not to suggest that these arguments have merit—there is good reason to question each and every assertion under the historical microscope—but rather to highlight the broader religious and cultural context in which Hume’s economics was broached.
Impact of population density and weather on COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 mutation frequency in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharif Nadim , Dey Shuvra Kanti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused the recent pandemic worldwide. Research studies are focused on various factors affecting the pandemic to find effective vaccine or therapeutics against COVID-19. Environmental factors are the important regulators of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the impact of weather on the COVID-19 cases, fatalities and frequency of mutations in Bangladesh. The impacts were determined on 1, 7 and 14 days of the case. The study was conducted based on Spearman's correlation coefficients. The highest correlation was found between population density and cases (rs = 0.712). Among metrological parameters, average temperature had the strongest correlation (rs = −0.675) with the cases. About 82% of Bangladeshi isolates had D614G at spike protein. Both temperature and UV index had strong effects on the frequency of mutations. Among host factors, coinfection is highly associated with frequency of different mutations. This study will give a complete picture of the effects of metrological parameters on COVID-19 cases, fatalities and mutation frequency that will help the authorities to take proper decisions.
Association between the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic and ABO blood type distribution
Authors: Liu Yuefei , Häussinger Lisa , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Dinse-Lambracht Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently the most critical challenge in public health. An understanding of the factors that affect severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will help fight the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and blood type distribution. The big data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Johns Hopkins University were used to assess the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic. The infection data in the early phase of the pandemic from six countries in each of six geographic zones divided according to the WHO were used, representing approximately 5.4 billion people around the globe. We calculated the infection growth factor, doubling times of infection and death cases, reproductive number and infection and death cases in relation to the blood type distribution. The growth factor of infection and death cases significantly and positively correlated with the proportion of the population with blood type A and negatively correlated with the proportion of the population with blood type B. Compared with the lower blood type A population (<30%), the higher blood type A population (⩾30%) showed more infection and death cases, higher growth factors and shorter case doubling times for infections and deaths and thus higher epidemic dynamics. Thus, an association exists between SARS-CoV-2 and the ABO blood group distribution, which might be useful for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
Feeding outcomes after paediatric cardiothoracic surgery: a retrospective review
Authors: Hill Robert , Tey Ching S. , Jung Calvin , Monfort Robert , Pettitt-Schieber Brian , Vaughn William , Hathaway Campbell , Shashidharan Subhadra , Sharp William , Wetzel Martha , Raol Nikhila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground:Feeding difficulty is a known complication of congenital heart surgery. Despite this, there is a relative sparsity in the available data regarding risk factors, incidence, associated symptoms, and outcomes.Methods:In this retrospective chart review, patients aged 0–18 years who underwent congenital heart surgery at a single institution between January and December, 2017 were reviewed. Patients with feeding difficulties before surgery, multiple surgeries, and potentially abnormal recurrent laryngeal nerve anatomy were excluded. Data collected included patient demographics, feeding outcomes, post-operative symptoms, flexible nasolaryngoscopy findings, and rates of readmission within a 1-year follow-up period. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk of an alternative feeding plan at discharge and length of stay.Results:Three-hundred and twenty-six patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Seventy-two (22.09%) were discharged with a feeding tube and 70 (97.22%) of this subgroup were younger than 12 months at the time of surgery. Variables that increased the risk of being discharged with a feeding tube included patient age, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons–European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery score, procedure group, aspiration, and reflux. Speech-language pathology was the most frequently utilised consulting service for patients discharged with feeding tubes (90.28%) while other services were not frequently consulted. The median length of stay was increased from 4 to 10 days for patients who required an enteral feeding tube at discharge.Discussion:Multidisciplinary management protocol and interventions should be developed and standardised to improve feeding outcomes following congenital heart surgery.
Midodrine treatment in children with recurrent vasovagal syncope
Authors: Bagrul Denizhan , Ece Ibrahim , Yılmaz Arzu , Atik Fatih , Kavurt Ahmet Vedat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground:Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope in childhood and its treatment is not at a satisfactory level yet. We aimed to investigate patients who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope, did not benefit from conventional treatment, received midodrine treatment, and to evaluate their response to midodrine treatment.Methods:Files of 24 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent vasovagal syncope, did not benefit from non-pharmacological treatments, and received midodrine treatment during June 2017–October 2019 were retrospectively analysed.Results:In total, 24 patients received a treatment dose of midodrine at 5 mg/day (2.5 mg BID) included in the study. The mean number of syncope was 5.75 ± 2.67 prior to treatment. Following treatment, the mean number of syncope was 0.42 ± 0.89. It was observed that syncope episodes did not recur in 17 patients, but it recurred in 4 out of 7 patients in the first 3 months of the treatment and did not recur in the following months. The episodes improved in two patients with an increase in the treatment dose, but the syncope episodes continued in only one patient.Conclusion:It was concluded that midodrine treatment was effective and safe in adolescents with recurrent vasovagal syncope.
Junctional tachycardia due to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 12-year-old female
Authors: Man Singh Jaikaran , Palting Rachel L. , Bratincsak Andras 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 12-year-old girl presented with fever and signs of systemic inflammation, and was found to have junctional tachycardia. She was subsequently diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids, which led to resolution of the arrhythmia.
AN OPTIMAL LINEAR FILTER FOR ESTIMATION OF RANDOM FUNCTIONS IN HILBERT SPACE
Authors: HOWLETT PHIL , TOROKHTI ANATOLI 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet
$\boldsymbol{f}$
be a square-integrable, zero-mean, random vector with observable realizations in a Hilbert space H, and let
$\boldsymbol{g}$
be an associated square-integrable, zero-mean, random vector with realizations which are not observable in a Hilbert space K. We seek an optimal filter in the form of a closed linear operator X acting on the observable realizations of a proximate vector
$\boldsymbol{f}_{\epsilon } \approx \boldsymbol{f}$
that provides the best estimate
$\widehat{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\epsilon} = X \boldsymbol{f}_{\epsilon}$
of the vector
$\boldsymbol{g}$
. We assume the required covariance operators are known. The results are illustrated with a typical example.
The chronic uncertainty of American Indian property rights
Authors: Alston Eric , Crepelle Adam , Law Wilson , Murtazashvili Ilia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProperty institutions should ideally provide economic actors with certainty that their local choices about investment will not be unsettled by shifting political economic equilibria. We argue that for this to occur, political autonomy, administrative and enforcement capacity, political constraints, and accessible legal institutions are each necessary. A comparison of the evolution of property rights for settlers and American Indians in the United States shows how political and legal forces shape the evolution of property institutions. American Indians, who had property institutions before Europeans arrived, could not defend their land from Europeans and later Americans due to lacking military capacity. Settlers' property rights were relatively secure because the government had sufficient autonomy and capacity to broadly define and enforce their rights, political institutions constrained the government from expropriating settlers' property, and legal institutions provided a forum for settlers to adjudicate and defend their rights in court. Native Americans, in contrast, had systematically inconsistent and often expropriative policy treatment by the government. Although tribes have technically been sovereign since the 1970s, tribal governments continue to lack sufficient political and legal autonomy and capacity to define and enforce property institutions in response to evolving local conditions.
A modular and controllable T cell therapy platform for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Benmebarek Mohamed-Reda , Cadilha Bruno L. , Herrmann Monika , Lesch Stefanie , Schmitt Saskia , Stoiber Stefan , Darwich Abbass , Augsberger Christian , Brauchle Bettina , Rohrbacher Lisa , Oner Arman , Seifert Matthias , Schwerdtfeger Melanie , Gottschlich Adrian , Rataj Felicitas , Fenn Nadja C. , Klein Christian , Subklewe Marion , Endres Stefan , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Kobold Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTargeted T cell therapy is highly effective in disease settings where tumor antigens are uniformly expressed on malignant cells and where off-tumor on-target-associated toxicity is manageable. Although acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has in principle been shown to be a T cell-sensitive disease by the graft-versus-leukemia activity of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, T cell therapy has so far failed in this setting. This is largely due to the lack of target structures both sufficiently selective and uniformly expressed on AML, causing unacceptable myeloid cell toxicity. To address this, we developed a modular and controllable MHC-unrestricted adoptive T cell therapy platform tailored to AML. This platform combines synthetic agonistic receptor (SAR) -transduced T cells with AML-targeting tandem single chain variable fragment (scFv) constructs. Construct exchange allows SAR T cells to be redirected toward alternative targets, a process enabled by the short half-life and controllability of these antibody fragments. Combining SAR-transduced T cells with the scFv constructs resulted in selective killing of CD33+ and CD123+ AML cell lines, as well as of patient-derived AML blasts. Durable responses and persistence of SAR-transduced T cells could also be demonstrated in AML xenograft models. Together these results warrant further translation of this novel platform for AML treatment.
Role of phosphodiesterases in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Delhaye Sébastien , Bardoni Barbara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes involved in the homeostasis of both cAMP and cGMP. They are members of a family of proteins that includes 11 subfamilies with different substrate specificities. Their main function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP, or both. cAMP and cGMP are two key second messengers that modulate a wide array of intracellular processes and neurobehavioral functions, including memory and cognition. Even if these enzymes are present in all tissues, we focused on those PDEs that are expressed in the brain. We took into consideration genetic variants in patients affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, phenotypes of animal models, and pharmacological effects of PDE inhibitors, a class of drugs in rapid evolution and increasing application to brain disorders. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of PDE modulators to treat neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by learning and memory impairment, alteration of behaviors associated with depression, and deficits in social interaction. Indeed, clinical trials are in progress to treat patients with Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Among the most recent results, the application of some PDE inhibitors (PDE2A, PDE3, PDE4/4D, and PDE10A) to treat neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability, is a significant advance, since no specific therapies are available for these disorders that have a large prevalence. In addition, to highlight the role of several PDEs in normal and pathological neurodevelopment, we focused here on the deregulation of cAMP and/or cGMP in Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and intellectual disability associated with the CC2D1A gene.
Ubiquitin signalling in neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Schmidt Marlene F. , Gan Zhong Yan , Komander David , Dewson Grant 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive damage to the nervous system including the selective loss of vulnerable populations of neurons leading to motor symptoms and cognitive decline. Despite millions of people being affected worldwide, there are still no drugs that block the neurodegenerative process to stop or slow disease progression. Neuronal death in these diseases is often linked to the misfolded proteins that aggregate within the brain (proteinopathies) as a result of disease-related gene mutations or abnormal protein homoeostasis. There are two major degradation pathways to rid a cell of unwanted or misfolded proteins to prevent their accumulation and to maintain the health of a cell: the ubiquitin–proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Both of these degradative pathways depend on the modification of targets with ubiquitin. Aging is the primary risk factor of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With aging there is a general reduction in proteasomal degradation and autophagy, and a consequent increase of potentially neurotoxic protein aggregates of β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, SOD1 and TDP-43. An often over-looked yet major component of these aggregates is ubiquitin, implicating these protein aggregates as either an adaptive response to toxic misfolded proteins or as evidence of dysregulated ubiquitin-mediated degradation driving toxic aggregation. In addition, non-degradative ubiquitin signalling is critical for homoeostatic mechanisms fundamental for neuronal function and survival, including mitochondrial homoeostasis, receptor trafficking and DNA damage responses, whilst also playing a role in inflammatory processes. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of ubiquitin-dependent processes in the progressive loss of neurons and the emergence of ubiquitin signalling as a target for the development of much needed new drugs to treat neurodegenerative disease.
Glucose metabolism characteristics and TLR8-mediated metabolic control of CD4+ Treg cells in ovarian cancer cells microenvironment
Authors: Xu Rui , Wu Ming , Liu Shuna , Shang Wenwen , Li Rong , Xu Juan , Huang Lei , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is expected to become the most promising new treatment for ovarian cancer owing to its immunogenicity. However, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle to the efficacy of tumor therapy. Studies have found different metabolism ways of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the cancer environment may be related to the immunosuppression and Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) can reverse the suppression function of Tregs. But it is still unclear that if the TLR8-mediated function reversal is associated with the change of glucose metabolism of Tregs. It was found that the positive expression rates of Glut1, HIF-1α, and Ki67 in CD4+ Treg cells of OC were significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tumor and HC, and also significantly higher than that in CD4+ Teffs of OC. What’s more, compared with CD4+ Teff group, CD4+ Tregs highly expressed seven genes and three proteins related to glucose metabolism and had higher levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis. After activating TLR8 signal of CD4+ Tregs, the proliferation level of naive CD4+ T cells was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the expression levels of eight genes and five proteins related to glucose metabolism in CD4+ Treg cells with TLR8 activated were decreased and levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were also lower. Furthermore, TLR8 signaling also downregulated the mTOR pathway in CD4+ Tregs. CD4+ Tregs pretreated with 2-deoxy-d-Glucose (2-DG) and galloflavin also attenuated the inhibition of Teffs proliferation. Although CD4+ Tregs pretreated with 2-DG and galloflavin before activating TLR8 signal had no significant difference compared with the group only treated with inhibitors, which suggested TLR8-mediated reversal of CD4+ Treg cells inhibitory function in ovarian cancer cells co-cultured microenvironment had a causal relationship with glucose metabolism.