bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Diversity of Dementia Patients and Caregivers in Primary Care Case Management: a Pilot Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Yang Xin Qiang , Vedel Isabelle , Khanassov Vladimir 
Published: September 2021

Context
The Canadian reality of dementia care may be complicated by the cultural diversity of patients and their informal caregivers.
Objectives
To what extent do needs differ between Canadian- and foreign-born patients and caregivers? What are their experiences with the illness in primary care case management?
Methods
Mixed methods, sequential explanatory design (a cross-sectional study, followed by a qualitative descriptive study), involving 15 pairs of patients and caregivers.
Results
Foreign-born patients had more needs compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Foreign-born caregivers reported more stress, more problems, and increased need for services. However, the reported experiences of Canadian- vs. foreign-born individuals were similar.
Conclusion
The results remain hypothesis-generating. The present pilot illustrated the suitability of mixed methods to this area of study, which deserves further investigation to better serve all mem­bers of a population already vulnerable by age and disease.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Using a Lasso-Loop Stitch
Authors: Konrads Christian , Döbele Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Anterior inferior shoulder dislocation is a common injury. After primary traumatic shoulder dislocation and conservative treatment, the risk of re-dislocation is very high in patients younger than 35 years. With age, the risk of re-dislocation after traumatic shoulder dislocation and conservative treatment decreases. Surgical treatment via either open or arthroscopic stabilization minimizes the risk of re-dislocation. Today, anterior shoulder stabilization by arthroscopic refixation of the labroligamentous complex with suture anchors is a standard procedure, if there is no severe chronic bony defect at the glenoid site. Lafosse et al. described the so-called „Lasso-loop stitch“. This technique allows for positioning of the knot away from the joint and at the same time it establishes a labral bump that stabilizes the humeral head against (sub)luxation. The surgical principle and aim consist of refixation of the anterior labrum-capsule-ligament complex to the glenoid with positioning of the knot at distance to the joint as well as bulging up the labrum. This stabilizes the shoulder joint and therefore avoids further dislocations and associated pathologies. The aim of this work is to give an illustrated instruction of the surgical technique of arthroscopic Bankart repair using the lasso-loop stitch.
Diane Bell, Pat Caplan & Wazit Jahan Karim (eds.): Gendered Fields: Women, Men & Ethnography
Authors: Sørensen Ninna Nyberg 
Published: September 2021

Diane Bell, Pat Caplan & Wazit Jahan Karim (eds.): Gendered Fields: Women, Men & Ethnography
Anmeldes af Ninna Nyberg Sørensen
Filosofia Africana do Encantamento tecida por mulheres negras: poéticas de re-existências para descolonização do conhecimento
Authors: Machado Adilbenia Freire 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de dialogar com vozes femininas de África e da Diáspora Africana tecendo re-existências desde a Filosofia Africana do Encantamento, refletindo possibilidades plurais e ancestrais para descolonização do conhecimento e promoção de uma educação antirracista. Nesse sentido, caminharemos com a pedagogia da ancestralidade que nos exige modos outros de (re)pensar, refletir, (re)criar, e (re)posicionar-se oriundos de práticas inclusivas e tecidas por nossos corpos, pelas memórias, conhecimentos ancestrais, saberes e histórias de nossos povos, partindo da ligação ancestral entre corpo, espiritualidade e natureza; e a metodologia dos Odus, que também é uma teoria, implicada em compreender nossas origens, por meio de processos de desconstruções, transições, transformações, encantamento, espaço, tempo e natureza como modos plurais de ser / pensar / existir em busca de contribuir com a descolonização do conhecimento, de nossos corpos e sentidos. Assim, essa teia será construída em diálogo com o ser-tão que há em nós, com a escuta sensível e a ética do cuidado, considerando que são conceitos delineados pela ancestralidade e pelo encantamento. A filosofia africana contemporânea nasce do encantamento, portanto, é traçada pela ancestralidade, e assim apresenta-se como gestada desde a cabaça ancestral bordada pelos saberes ancestrais femininos. Esses saberes (a)bordam nossas escrevivências, dando sentido às re-existências cotidianas. São saberes experienciados por corpos carregados de sentidos, corpos sagrados, ancestrais. Desse modo, falamos desde cosmopercepções delineadas por cosmossensações de um corpo vivo, que aprende e ensina continuamente. Pois compreendemos que o conhecimento é movimento! O movimento é que proporciona a vida! De modo que os femininos são águas em movimentos ancestrais que permitem a existência do hoje e do amanhã.
The Trapped Charges at Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jia Pengcheng , Qin Liang , Zhao Di , Tang Yang , Song Bo , Guo Junhan , Li Xiaomeng , Li Ling , Cui Qiuhong , Hu Yufeng , Lou Zhidong , Teng Feng , Hou Yanbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance of perovskite solar cells is greatly affected by the crystallization of the perovskite active layer. Perovskite crystal grains should neatly arrange and penetrate the entire active layer for an ideal perovskite crystallization. These kinds of crystallized perovskite films exhibit fewer defects and longer carrier lifetime, which is beneficial to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, by testing the residual charge of perovskite solar cells with different crystallization conditions, it is demonstrated that the residual charge exists widely at the grain boundary, which is parallel to the device, and the residual charge is related to the performance of the perovskite solar cells. Single crystal grains neatly arranged and penetrate the entire active layer can generate less residual charge and improve device performance of the perovskite solar cells. The results also show that the long decay time of open‐circuit voltage comes from the detrapping of trapped carriers. The residual charge testing technology provides a new idea for the investigation of carrier trap and detrap characteristics in photovoltaic devices.
Integrated Quasi‐2D Perovskite/Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19% Promoted by Interface Passivation
Authors: Wang Ting , Dong Yixin , Guo Jiahao , Li Qiaohui , Chang Zhitao , Chen Mingqian , Wang Rui , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntegrated perovskite/organic solar cells (IPOSCs) have shown great potential in broadening the light absorption range and improving the photovoltaic performance. However, the severe interface charge recombination and unmatched energy levels between perovskite and organic photoactive layers hinder their performance improvement. Here, an efficient interface passivation strategy for IPOSCs based on a layered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite and high photovoltaic performance is successfully demonstrated. It is found that an ultrathin conjugated polymer (PM6) layer could passivate the surface defects of perovskite film, tuning the energy level and suppress the nonradiative recombination loss, leading to efficient interface contact between RP perovskite and organic photoactive layers, boosting the open‐circuit voltage from 1.06 to 1.12 V and the efficiency from 17.23% to 19.15%. Importantly, the optimized device shows extended photocurrent response to 930 nm with a peak intensity close to 50% from 800 to 931 nm. The results indicate that interface passivation using a functionalized polymer could be an efficient strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of integrated devices.
In Situ Generated and Amplified Oxidative Stress with Metallo‐Nanodrug Assembly for Metastatic Cancer Therapy with High Specificity and Efficacy
Authors: Hu Jialing , Jiang Qunying , Shi Tianhui , Lin Xue , Zhao Yun , Wang Xiuyuan , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCombination of anti‐metastasis antagonists with cytotoxic agents has shown clinical activity, yet is constrained with unconditional activation and low tumor selectivity. Here, a chemokine receptor‐targeted metallo‐nanodrug is reported for in situ generated and hyperthermia‐enhanced oxidative stress and metastatic pathway blockade with tumor specificity to treat breast cancer metastasis. The self‐assembled metallo‐nanodrugs trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in situ with tumor stimuli, self‐amplify ROS level upon intrinsic photothermal heating, and accurately block chemokine receptor CXCR4 to suppress tumor cell anti‐apoptosis, migration, and invasion. CXCR4‐targeted metallo‐nanodrugs plus laser irradiation induced complete inhibition of tumor growth in 80% of mice, and caused 92.8% reduction of the number of gross metastatic lung nodules in murine breast carcinoma models. The present work provides an intelligent and bioactivatable platform for precision nanomedicine of metastatic breast cancer.
Electrically Tunable Bifocal Metalens with Diffraction‐Limited Focusing and Imaging at Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Badloe Trevon , Kim Inki , Kim Yeseul , Kim Joohoon , Rho Junsuk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTunable optical devices powered by metasurfaces provide a new path for functional planar optics. In particular, lenses with tunable focal lengths can play a key role in various fields with applications in imaging, displays, and augmented and virtual reality devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically controllable bifocal metalens at visible wavelengths by incorporating a metasurface designed to focus light at two different focal lengths, with liquid crystals to actively manipulate the focal length of the metalens through the application of an external bias. By utilizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon that is optimized to provide an extremely low extinction coefficient in the visible regime, the metalens is highly efficient with measured focusing efficiencies of around 44%. They numerically design and experimentally realize and characterize tunable focusing and demonstrate electrically tunable active imaging at visible wavelengths using the bifocal metalens combined with liquid crystals. Diffraction limited focusing and imaging is verified through the analysis of the measured optical intensities at the focal points and the modulation transfer function. The bifocal metalens is used to demonstrate electrically modulated focus switching between the two designed focal planes, to display images of positive and negative target objects.
Impact of Reconstruction Route on Postoperative Morbidity After Esophagectomy: Analysis of Esophagectomies in the Japanese National Clinical Database
Authors: Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Endo Hideki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ozawa Soji , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Matsubara Hisahiro , Doki Yuichiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy followed by gastric conduit reconstruction is a standard surgical procedure for esophageal cancer. However, there is no evidence of the superiority or inferiority of the posterior mediastinal (PM) versus the retrosternal (RS) reconstruction route with regard to short‐term outcomes after esophagectomy. We aimed to elucidate whether the reconstruction route can affect the short‐term outcomes after esophagectomy followed by gastric conduit reconstruction.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2016 and 2018 from the Japanese National Clinical Database. This study included 9786 patients who underwent gastric conduit reconstruction through the PM or RS route with cervical anastomosis.ResultsOf the 9786 patients analyzed, 3478 and 6308 underwent gastric conduit reconstruction thorough the PM and RS routes, respectively. The incidence of anastomotic leak and surgical site infection (SSI) was significantly lower in the PM group than in the RS group (11.7% vs 13.8%, P = .005 and 8.4% vs 14.9%, P < .001, respectively), while the incidence of pneumonia was higher in the PM group (13.7% vs 12.2%, P = .040). Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of anastomotic leak and SSI (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.51; P < .001 and OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.78–2.38; P < .001, respectively) and a lower risk of pneumonia (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98; P = .028) in the RS group than in the PM group.ConclusionThe findings of this study will help surgeons to design the reconstruction route following esophagectomy.
Neanderthal‐derived genetic variation in living humans relates to schizophrenia diagnosis, to psychotic symptom severity, and to dopamine synthesis
Authors: Gregory Michael D. , Eisenberg Daniel P. , Hamborg Madeline , Kippenhan J. Shane , Kohn Philip , Kolachana Bhaskar , Dickinson Dwight , Berman Karen F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a human‐specific condition, but experimental approaches to testing this idea have been limited. Because Neanderthals, our closest evolutionary relatives, interbred with modern humans prior to their disappearance from the fossil record, leaving a residual echo that survives in our DNA today, we leveraged new discoveries about ancient hominid DNA to explore this hypothesis in living people in three converging ways. First, in four independent case–control datasets totaling 9,362 individuals, individuals with schizophrenia had less Neanderthal‐derived genetic variation than controls (p = .044). Second, in 49 unmedicated inpatients with schizophrenia, having more Neanderthal admixture predicted less severe positive symptoms (p = .046). Finally, using 18F‐fluorodopa PET scanning in 172 healthy individuals, having greater Neanderthal introgression was significantly associated with lower dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum and pons (p's < 2 × 10−5), which is fundamentally important in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis. These results may help to elucidate the evolutionary history of a devastating neuropsychiatric disease by supporting the notion of schizophrenia as a human‐specific condition. Additionally, the relationship between Neanderthal admixture and dopamine function suggests a potential mechanism whereby Neanderthal admixture may have affected our gene pool to alter schizophrenia risk and/or course.
Resistance and remembering through rock art: Contact‐period rock art in Wardaman country, Northern Australia
Authors: Kelly Madeleine A. ,   Wardaman Indigenous Protected Area
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough notions of resistance are not new in rock art research concerning cross‐cultural colonial encounters, this study shows how multiple dimensions of Indigenous resistance can be explored through a multidisciplinary analysis of rock art in northern Australia. The study explores the intersections between introduced “Western” and pre‐existing “traditional” motifs in rock art near Yingalarri waterhole in Wardaman Country, Northern Territory, analysing the visual conventions and superimpositions with an eye towards Wardaman epistemological engagements with rock art and experiences of colonial occupation. These intersections reveal further dimensions of Wardaman responses to colonial occupation, including the negotiation of shifting inter‐regional relationships and engagements with Country as well as the continued emphasis on inherited artistic practices. The study also explores the continuing role that rock art, and its interpretation, plays in Indigenous colonial resistance. Wardaman discussions of introduced motifs documented during the 1988–1991 Earthwatch project brought the paintings out of the past, giving them contemporary significance via kinship connections and narratives of survival that challenge colonial efforts to erase Indigenous experiences of early colonial contact and occupation. The paper contributes to archaeological understandings of inter‐regional connections between northern Australian rock art regions and rock art production and discussion as a means for Aboriginal resistance and remembrance after the arrival of Europeans.
Autofluorescence of blood and its application in biomedical and clinical research
Authors: Shrirao Anil B. , Schloss Rene S. , Fritz Zachary , Shrirao Mayur V. , Rosen Robert , Yarmush Martin L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutofluorescence of blood has been explored as a label free approach for detection of cell types, as well as for diagnosis and detection of infection, cancer, and other diseases. Although blood autofluorescence is used to indicate the presence of several physiological abnormalities with high sensitivity, it often lacks disease specificity due to use of a limited number of fluorophores in the detection of several abnormal conditions. In addition, the measurement of autofluorescence is sensitive to the type of sample, sample preparation, and spectroscopy method used for the measurement. Therefore, while current blood autofluorescence detection approaches may not be suitable for primary clinical diagnosis, it certainly has tremendous potential in developing methods for large scale screening that can identify high risk groups for further diagnosis using highly specific diagnostic tests. This review discusses the source of blood autofluorescence, the role of spectroscopy methods, and various applications that have used autofluorescence of blood, to explore the potential of blood autofluorescence in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Conceptualizing learning about proteins with a molecular viewer in high school based on the integration of two theoretical frameworks
Authors: Levkovich Ohad , Yarden Anat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of a molecular viewer to visualize proteins has become more prevalent in high schools in recent years. We relied on the foundations of two theoretical frameworks to analyze questions in two learning tasks designed for 10th‐ to 12th‐grade biotechnology majors that make use of Jmol. The two theoretical frameworks were: (i) classification of scientific knowledge into content, procedural, and epistemic knowledge; and (ii) evaluation of the cognitive skills central to visual literacy in biochemistry. During the analysis, two sub‐elements of procedural knowledge emerged from the data: (i) the visualization of molecular models, and (ii) the use of Jmol software features. Based on the theoretical frameworks and data analysis, we suggest a conceptualization of learning about proteins using a molecular viewer, where the scientific knowledge elements are integrated with the eight cognitive skills central to visual literacy in biochemistry. In addition, a model presenting a hierarchy for the knowledge elements and sub‐elements is suggested. In this model, content knowledge is a basic requirement; without it, the other knowledge elements cannot be used. Moreover, the use of epistemic knowledge or Jmol software features is not possible without visualization of the molecular models, which requires content knowledge. This conceptualization is expected to facilitate the development of learning tasks, decrease the complexity of knowledge acquisition for students; it may also assist the teacher during the teaching process.
Seasonality in the incidence of anti‐GQ1b antibody syndrome—A territory‐wide study
Authors: Chang Richard Shek‐kwan , Lau Eric H. Y. , Au Elaine Yuen Ling , Leung William C. Y. , Leung Yu Hin Ian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate any seasonality in the incidence of anti‐GQ1b antibody syndrome (AGS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study in all hospitalized patients in local public hospitals from January 2013 to December 2018. AGS was defined by hospitalized patients with positive serum anti‐GQ1b IgG, presumably encompassing Miller‐Fisher syndrome, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) variants. GBS cases were retrieved from the computerized database by diagnostic label. Campylobacter jejuni infection (CJI) injection was identified by positive stool culture. Monthly incidence rates of AGS, GBS and CJI were calculated. Poisson and negative binomial regression models with long‐term time trend were fitted to characterize the seasonal pattern.ResultsA total of 237, 572 and 2434 cases of AGS, GBS and CJI were identified, respectively, in a population of 7.3 million. The annual incidence rate of AGS was 0.54 per 100,000 person‐years. AGS was demonstrated to have an annual peak in the spring season, from March to April, which was congruent with that of GBS and slightly lagged the annual peak of CJI from February to March (likelihood ratio tests all p < .001 for the seasonal terms).ConclusionThe incidence of AGS peaks in springtime, which is congruent with that of GBS and lags around one month after that of CJI. We demonstrated that AGS has a clear seasonality in occurrence.
Structural Basis for The Recognition of Deaminated Nucleobases by An Archaeal DNA Polymerase
Authors: Kropp Heike M. , Ludmann Samra , Diederichs Kay , Betz Karin , Marx Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith increasing temperature, nucleobases in DNA become increasingly damaged by hydrolysis of exocyclic amines. The most prominent damage includes the conversion of cytosine to uracil and adenine to hypoxanthine. These damages are mutagenic and put the integrity of the genome at risk if not repaired appropriately. Several archaea live at elevated temperatures and thus, are exposed to a higher risk of deamination. Earlier studies have shown that DNA polymerases of archaea have the property of sensing deaminated nucleobases in the DNA template and thereby stalling the DNA synthesis during DNA replication providing another layer of DNA damage recognition and repair. However, the structural basis of uracil and hypoxanthine sensing by archaeal B‐family DNA polymerases is sparse. Here we report on three new crystal structures of the archaeal B‐family DNA polymerase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (KOD) DNA polymerase in complex with primer and template strands that have extended single stranded DNA template 5’‐overhangs. These overhangs contain either the canonical nucleobases as well as uracil or hypoxanthine, respectively, and provide unprecedented structural insights into their recognition by archaeal B‐family DNA polymerases.