bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automating fractional flow reserve (FFR) calculation from CT scans: A rapid workflow using unsupervised learning and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Chakshu Neeraj Kavan , Carson Jason M. , Sazonov Igor , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFractional flow reserve (FFR) provides the functional relevance of coronary atheroma. The FFR‐guided strategy has been shown to reduce unnecessary stenting, improve overall health outcome, and to be cost‐saving. The non‐invasive, coronary computerised tomography (CT) angiography‐derived FFR (cFFR) is an emerging method in reducing invasive catheter based measurements. This computational fluid dynamics‐based method is laborious as it requires expertise in multidisciplinary analysis of combining image analysis and computational mechanics. In this work, we present a rapid method, powered by unsupervised learning, to automatically calculate cFFR from CT scans without manual intervention.
Deep long and short term memory based Red Fox optimization algorithm for diabetic retinopathy detection and classification
Authors: Pugal Priya Raju , Saradadevi Sivarani Thankamony , Gnana Saravanan Athimoolam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of retina abnormalities of diabetic patients, the most common vision‐threatening disease is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The DR diagnosis and prevention are challenging tasks as they may lead to vision loss. According to the literature analysis, the shortcomings in existing studies, such as failed to reduce the feature dimension, higher execution time, and higher computational cost, unable to tune the hyper‐parameters, such as a number of hidden layers and learning rate, more computational complexities, higher cost, and so forth, during DR classification. To tackle these problems, we proposed a deep long‐ and short‐term memory (LSTM) in a neural network with Red Fox optimization (deep LSTM‐RFO) algorithm for DR classification. The four major components involved in the proposed methods are image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. At first, an adaptive histogram equalization and histogram equalization model performs the fundus image preprocessing, thereby neglecting the noise and improving the contrast level of an image. Next, an adaptive watershed segmentation model effectively segments the lesion region based on the optic disc color and size of hemorrhages. At the third stage, we have extracted statistical, intensity, color, and shape features. Finally, the single normal class with three abnormal classes such as mild non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR are accurately classified using the deep LSTM‐RFO algorithm. Experimentally, the MESSIDOR, STARE, and DRIVE datasets are used for both training and validation. MATLAB software performs the implementation process with respect to various evaluation criteria used. However, the proposed method accomplished superior performance, such as 98.45% specificity, 96.78% sensitivity, 97.92% precision, 96.89% recall, and 97.93% F‐score results in terms of DR classification than previous methods.
A novel method to ensure the security of the shared medical data using smart contracts: Organ transplantation sample
Authors: Çalık Elif , Kaya Hilal , Çelebi Fatih Vehbi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the rapid development in information technologies appears in the form of digitalization, all of the processes in the health domain. Among the state‐of‐art, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technologies are among the most mentioned. In addition, the exponential increase in data kept in the electronic environment causes traditional central applications to face new challenges. The most important of these are accountability, transparency, security, cost, and time efficiency. In this study, a model based on blockchain technologies has been proposed to increase the transparency, accountability, and security of multi‐stakeholder shared medical data by using smart contracts (SCs). In the first part, there are briefly introduced the current situation of the health domain, blockchain technology, hyperledger fabric (HLF) and SCs. Afterward, in line with the latest technological developments, the studies carried out using the blockchain framework related to organ/tissue transplantation were examined. Lastly, the proposed framework was designed based on blockchain technologies for organ/tissue transplantation by using the HLF environment. The blockchain technology not only provides more visibility, more security, and better outcomes but also enables to store data securely and cheaply without allocating extra resources to a trusted authority. Thus, it can be ensured that the system is more transparent and more accountable.
A mass conserving arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation for three‐dimensional multiphase fluid flows
Authors: Guventurk Cagatay , Sahin Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework presented in [Sahin and Guventurk, An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework with exact mass conservation for the numerical simulation of 2D rising bubble problem.Int J Numer Methods Eng. 2017;112:2110–2134] has been extended to simulate three‐dimensional immiscible incompressible multiphase fluid flows. The div‐stable side centered unstructured finite volume formulation is used for the discretization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. A novel kinematic boundary condition that satisfies the local discrete geometric conservation law (DGCL) is implemented to ensure the mass conservation of each species at the machine precision. The pressure field is treated to be discontinuous across the interface with the discontinuous treatment of density and viscosity. Surface tension force is treated as a tangent force and discretized in a semi‐implicit form. Two different approaches for the computation of unit normal vector have been implemented: the least squares biquadratic surface fitting (LSBSF) and the mean weighted by sine and edge length reciprocals (MWSELR). The resulting large system of algebraic equations is solved in a fully coupled manner in order to improve the time step restrictions. As a preconditioner, an approximate matrix factorization similar to that of the projection method is employed and the parallel algebraic multigrid solver BoomerAMG provided by the HYPRE library, which is accessed through the PETSc library, has been utilized for the scaled discrete Laplacian of pressure and the diagonal blocks of mesh deformation equations. The accuracy of the proposed method is initially validated on the static bubble problem, since the surface tension force is highly sensitive to the accurate evaluation of the unit normal vector and the inaccuracies significantly contribute to unphysical velocities, called parasitic currents. The calculations indicate that the parasitic currents can be reduced to machine precision for the MWSELR method. Then, the proposed approach is applied to the single bubble rising in a viscous quiescent liquid for both low and high density ratios. The calculations produce accurate predictions of the bubble shape, center of mass, rise velocity, and so forth. Furthermore, the mass of each species is conserved at machine precision and discontinuous pressure field is obtained in order to avoid errors due to the incompressibility restriction in the vicinity of liquid‐liquid interfaces at large density and viscosity ratios.
COVID‐19 prevention and control interventions: What can we learn from the pandemic management experience in Morocco?
Authors: Bouchriti Youssef , Kabbachi Belkacem , Sine Hasnaa , Naciri Aziz , Kharbach Ahmed , Baba Mohamed Amine , Achbani Abderrahmane 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYCOVID‐19 is one of the worst outbreaks in infectious disease history. Through a succession of significant preventative and control interventions, Morocco has accumulated pandemic control experience. This study examines the available evidence on lessons learnt from the COVID‐19 pandemic management experience in Morocco. Social lockdown measures have helped restrain the exponential spread of new cases. These interventions appear to be reasonably successful. Their effectiveness must be confirmed by an assessment of other factors. This experience can help all countries develop effective pandemic prevention and control measures.
A human capital‐based framework of career, well‐being, and social information reasons for managerial lateral job assignment preferences
Authors: Campion Emily D. , Campion Michael A. , Campion Michael C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on job assignments has generally assumed employees will accept assignments when offered. In this study, we examine managerial preferences for potential job assignment opportunities conceptualized using human capital theory to provide a holistic understanding of this phenomenon. Using two pilot studies, we refine the list of reasons managers use when forming lateral assignment preferences. In the main study, we collected data from a representative sample of more than 1200 managers in a large US organization who provided preferences for all possible assignment locations (about 40) in their regions and reported reasons for their preferences. Results showed career development reasons (e.g., promotion potential, opportunity to learn) and social information reasons (e.g., location manager, customers) attracted managers to assignments, and health and well‐being reasons (e.g., commuting, stress) repelled managers. There were several differences in these relationships by managerial level such that health and well‐being reasons were more important than career development reasons for lower‐level managers than higher‐level managers, who seemed to generate their preferences based more evenly on both types of reasons. We ask whether gender moderates the relationship between health and well‐being reasons and preferences and find little support. We also explore whether manager racioethnicity moderates the relationship between community racioethnicity and preferences and find a few differences. Most findings were replicated when predicting actual movement 2 years later. Results suggest managerial preferences should consistently be considered in job assignment research and that organizations should obtain and use preference data when making internal staffing decisions.
A nomogram model can predict the risk of venous thromboembolism in postoperative patients with gynecological malignancies
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Xiang , Li Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiao‐Xiao , Lin Chao‐Qin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore independent factors influencing the risk of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis during the postoperative period in patients with gynecological malignancies by constructing a predictive model.MethodsIn our study, we collected 573 patients with gynecological malignancies in the postoperative period between September 2016 and September 2020, who were divided into a modeling (n = 402) and verification group (n = 171) according to a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine independent factors influencing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A nomogram model was created and a risk score was calculated.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis showed that the independent factors affecting DVT among these patients included age, hyperlipidemia, abnormal uterine bleeding, degree of anemia, D‐dimer, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss. By incorporating these factors into a nomogram, we determined that the C‐index and calibration curve of the two groups both showed that the model distinguishes and fits well. Further comparing between the high‐ and low‐risk groups, we found that the model has favorable predictive performance.ConclusionThe predictive nomogram for the risk of DVT in patients with gynecological malignancies in the postoperative period demonstrated good calibration and recognition accuracy. Further independent research is necessary to verify our results.
The impact of a student pharmacist‐led inpatient medication counseling initiative on medication safety in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Gonzales Haley M. , Li Jiaying , Orara Joshua , Patel Neha , Bartlett Felicia , Parks Sarah E. , Pilch Nicole A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEngaging student pharmacists as pharmacist extenders to facilitate medication education may represent a unique pathway for preventing medication safety issues and mitigating downstream consequences in the high‐risk kidney transplant (KTX) population. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and impact of a student pharmacist‐led counseling initiative designed to promote patient and caregiver understanding of transplant medications.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective quality improvement initiative comparing adult KTX recipients who received interventional student pharmacist‐led education vs a historical cohort. Data on clinical outcomes, including the incidence of medication errors (MEs), adverse drug events (ADEs), and readmissions, was extracted from the patient's electronic medical record. In the intervention cohort, attendee satisfaction was assessed based on responses obtained from surveys distributed to patients and caregivers on the day they attended the student pharmacist‐led class.ResultsA total of 311 KTX recipients were included in this analysis; 149 in the intervention cohort and 162 in the historical cohort. Patients in the intervention cohort experienced more MEs than those in the historical cohort (31 vs 11; P < .001). Rates of ADEs within the first 30 days post‐transplant were comparable across cohorts (56 vs 52; P = .406). No significant difference in readmissions at days 7, 14, and 30 was observed between groups. Attendee satisfaction was high across all survey response fields.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that KTX recipients who participated in student‐pharmacist led medication counseling had comparable rates of ADEs and readmissions to those who did not, but were more likely to experience MEs. Future research is needed to explore the role of structured medication counseling and the utility of student pharmacists in the clinical setting.
Classification of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based on molecular networking
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐bo , Guo Huan‐huan , Hu Yun‐qi , Zhou Le‐rui , Deng Chao‐fan , Nan Ze‐dong , Ma Xiao‐li , Wu Xiu‐li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrace amounts of components in traditional Chinese medicine are considered pharmacological active substances used for treating many serious diseases. However, purifying all the trace substances and making clear their structures are not easy. In this context, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry based molecular networking was applied to investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., which led to the identification of 33 nodes in different groups (N1–N33). Based on the excremental fragmentation pathway of known diterpenoid alkaloids (1–9) and comparisons of characteristic ions and characteristic loss of analogs in literature, the structures of unknown ions were deduced. This work lays a foundation for the evaluation of the clinical basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine from the aspects of chemistry. In this paper, the method speculation of unknown natural products by means of molecular network method is expected to be applied in the discovery and change law of relevant active components in clinical pharmacology and the change of complex systems caused by trace active compounds.
Efficacy and safety of laser‐assisted combination chemotherapy: A follow‐up study of treatment with 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin for basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fredman Gabriella , Wenande Emily , Hendel Kristoffer , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a growing need for effective topical treatments for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). By altering the skin barrier, ablative fractional lasers (AFLs) enhance cutaneous uptake of the synergistic chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). In our recently reported clinical trial, AFL‐assisted delivery of cisplatin and 5‐FU showed favorable short‐term clearance rates of 95% with good cosmetic results at 3 months. This follow‐up study assessed sustained tumor clearance, safety, and cosmesis in the same patient cohort, observed 6‐ and 12‐months posttreatment.Materials and MethodsThis follow‐up study assessed AFL‐assisted cisplatin and 5‐FU in low‐risk BCC. Among the 18/19 patients who achieved clinical tumor clearance in our 3‐months primary trial, all were included for a 6‐months follow‐up. At 12 months, 17/19 were included due to one 6‐month residual. During follow‐up visits, treated areas were evaluated for signs of recurrent tumour by clinical inspection and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Residual tumors were confirmed histologically. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated at both follow‐up visits by patients and physicians.ResultsOverall, complete tumor clearance was 89% (17/19) and 79% (15/19) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Clearance rate for superficial BCCs (sBCCs) 1 year after treatment was 100% (6/6) and lower for nodular BCC (nBCC) at 69% (9/13). Among recurrent tumors, 67% (2/3) had received only a single treatment and all were of the nodular subtype, situated in the head and neck area. All histologically confirmed BCC recurrences were identified by OCT. Cosmetic outcomes were similarly rated “good” or “excellent” by patients and evaluators (p = 0.289 and p = 0.250). Treatment‐related local skin reactions were mild and tolerable, consisting of persisting erythema in two patients at the end of the study. Dyspigmentation was commonly observed at both follow‐up visits, while the appearance of scarring resolved in the majority of patients between 6 months (56%; 10/18) and 12 months (76%; 13/17).ConclusionAFL‐assisted cisplatin + 5‐FU in double sessions represents an acceptable and safe treatment strategy for low‐risk sBCC, while clearance rates following single treatment or for nBCC seem inferior. This intensified topical strategy may be best suited to cases of multiple lesions or in instances where surgical excision or extended courses of at‐home therapy is challenging.
Safety and efficacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using 1940 nm and radial emitting fiber: 3‐year results of a prospective, non‐randomized study and comparison with 1470 nm
Authors: Setia Abhay , Schmedt Claus‐Georg , Beisswenger Anna , Dikic Slobodan , Demhasaj Sahit , Setia Ocean , Schmitz‐Rixen Thomas , Sroka Ronald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the safety, efficacy and ≥36 months outcomes of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) by means of 1940 nm laser with radial fiber for the treatment of truncal vein insufficiency and compare the results to a historical cohort, obtained via reviewing the literature.MethodsThis prospective, non‐randomized, single‐center clinical study included 139 consecutive patients with 177 incompetent great saphenous (GSV, n = 135) and short saphenous veins (SSV, n = 42). The maximum laser power (Pmax. 10 W) and pullback velocity were adjusted individually (Vmax = 1 mm/s). The laser fiber was placed at the junction to the deep vein under duplex monitoring. Simultaneous phlebectomies were performed on all the patients. Regular follow up with clinical and duplex ultrasound examination (DUS) were carried out postoperatively at 1 month (1 M), 6 months (6 M), 12 months (12 M), 24 months (24 M), 36 months, and after that (≥36 M). The results were compared with three cohorts (total 616 EVLA procedures with 1470 nm laser and radial fiber) from literature (criteria: >100 procedures, follow‐up of ≥2 years).ResultsThe follow‐up rate was 100%, 91%, 73%, 48%, and 23% of the truncal veins at 1, 6, 12, 24, and ≥36 M, respectively. In comparison to the literature using 1470, a lower average linear endovenous energy density (LEED) (53 vs. 77–82 J/cm) resulted in 100% (6 M) and 96.5% (24 M) occlusion rates, reduced local ecchymosis (2.2% vs. 3.2%–18.7%) and reduced average postoperative pain levels (1.3 vs. 2.18). Regarding adverse events, induration (1.1% vs. 1.8%), skin burns (0% vs. 0.45%), endovenous heat‐induced thrombus propagation (EHIT) in the deep veins (2.3% vs. 1.8%) and laser‐induced persistent paresthesia (2.2% vs. 0.5%–2.9%) were comparable. Recanalizations observed in this study (GSV 0, SSV 3) were asymptomatic and required no treatment. At ≥36 M reflux in the accessory veins was observed in 5% versus 10.5% of patients. Reintervention was required in none (0% vs. 21%). At >36 M, short average stump lengths of 1 cm (GSV) and 0.3 cm (SSV) were observed.ConclusionEVLA with 1940 nm laser with radial emitting fiber is as safe and effective as 1470 nm laser for the treatment of truncal vein insufficiency. Lower postoperative pain, low analgesic requirements, short convalescence add to patients’ comfort. EVLA with 1940 nm laser‐guided by intraoperative DUS permits reproducible placement of the radial fiber at the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junction, enabling further studies to assess the effect of shorter stump length on patterns and frequency of recurrence without increased risk of EHIT.
An extended finite element method with polygonal enrichment shape functions for crack propagation and stiff interfaceproblems
Authors: Latifaghili Amir , Bybordiani Milad , Erkmen Recep Emre , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe extended/generalized finite element method has proven significant efficiency for handling crack propagation and internal boundaries. In certain conditions, however, one of the major drawbacks relates to the representation of unrealistic traction oscillations, particularly in stiff interfaces. To the authors' best knowledge, the few remedies found in the literature depend on the type of underlying finite element, which in some aspects limits general applications. Since one of the major sources of oscillations is created by couplings within standard shape functions for certain crack arrangements, it is herein proposed a novel approach based on enrichment Laplace shape functions directly adapted to the underlying geometry of split subdomains. By doing so, all sources of oscillations are effectively removed, while enriched degrees of freedom are defined exclusively on one side of the domain. The performance is studied using both element and structural examples with highly stiff cracks. More importantly, further assessment in more complex crack propagation problems, including mixed‐mode fracture of concrete beams and a peel test, shows excellent agreement with experimental/numerical data in terms of load‐displacement curves and traction profiles. Results are shown to be objective with respect to the mesh for stiffness values virtually representing infinitely stiff interfaces.