bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Earth Electrolysis: key issues for measurement of greenhouse gases from oxide-fluoride systems
Authors: Fukurozaki Sandra Harumi , Landgraf Fernando José Gomes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) has been recognized as one of the key factors for sustainable primary metal production, in which the rare earth (RE) industry can be affected both in terms of price and use by GHG reduction policies and nontariff technical barriers. From environmental and economic standpoint, the perfluorocarbons (PFC) emissions generated in RE electrolysis during events known as anode effects (AE) are strong infrared-absorbing GHG and play an important role for RE metals process improvements. However, there is no standard methodology to account these GHG emissions from RE metal production industry and the assessment of the contribution of PFC emissions from different technologies to the global warming is urgently needed. This paper focuses on the analysis of PFC measurements from RE metal production in terms of GHG inventory and sustainable production. The state of art of RE fused oxide-fluoride electrolysis, particularly of neodymium electrolysis, provides the technical fundamentals for the evaluation of PFC emissions factors reported in scientific articles. Based on International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) standard methods and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and International Aluminium Institute (IAI) protocol applied to analogous industrial process, the analysis of key issues for estimate CF4 and C2F6 emission factors from electrolytic RE production indicates the additional refinements are necessary to optimize the accuracy of total PFC emission amount from each currently RE technology. Additionally, the selection of emission estimation technique (EET) or mix EET should be considered on case-by-case basis as to their purposes and suitability for a particular process and facility. Finally, this paper highlights the technological implications related to the PFC emissions measurements and trends towards to set goals and develop strategies for GHG mitigation.
Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy in Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhuang xiamei , Jin Ke , Li Xiaoming , Li Junwei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe the clinical features of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy in children.Method: Data from 11 pediatric patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathywas retrospectively analyzed.Results: All of the patients showed encephalitis and meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis with or without myelitis, include fever (45.4%), headaches (27.3%), dizziness (18.2%), drowsiness (18.2%) and mental disorders (18.2%). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected in all patients. The white cell counts (WBC) (90.9%), lactic dehydrogenase levels (72.7%), protein level (36.4%), and adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) level (27.3%) were elevated, and the CSF glucose levels (72.7%) were slightly reduced. Nine patients (90%) were found to have brain abnormalities, of which five (50.0%) patients had abnormal symmetrical laminar patterns or line patterns hyperintensity lesions on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, subcortical white matter and periventricular white matter. The linear radial enhancement pattern of the cerebral white matter was only seen in two patients, the most common being abnormal enhancement of leptomeninges (50%). Five patients had longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions.Conclusion: The findings of pediatric patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy is different from the previous reports.
Genome-wide identification, structural analysis and expression profiles of SRS gene family in quinoa
Authors: zhu xiaolin , wang baoqiang , wang xian , wei xiaohong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the whole genome data information of quinoa, the CqSRS gene family members were systematically identified and analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the responses of CqSRS genes to NaCl (200 mmol/L), SA (200 umol/L) and low temperature (4℃) were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that a total of 10 SRS genes were identified in quinoa, and they were distributed on 9 chromosomes, and there were 4 pairs of duplicated genes. The number of amino acids encoded ranged from 143 to 370, and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.81 to 8.90. The secondary structure was mainly composed of random coil(Cc). Most of the CqSRS genes were located in the cytoplasm (5 CqSRS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CqSRS gene was divided into three evolutionary groups, and the gene structure showed that the number of exons of CqSRS was between 2–5. Promoter analysis revealed that there are a total of 44 elements related to plant hormone response elements, light response elements, stress response elements and tissue-specific expression in the upstream of the gene. Protein interaction showed that all 10 CqSRS proteins appeared in the known protein interaction network diagram in Arabidopsis. Expression profile analysis showed that CqSRS genes had different expression patterns, and some genes had tissue-specific expression. qRT-PCR showed that all SRS family genes responded to SA, NaCl and low-temperature treatments, but the expression levels of different CqSRS genes were significantly different under various stresses. This study lays a foundation for further analyzed the function of CqSRS family genes.
Cytoprotective Effect and Clinical Outcome of Perioperative Progesterone in Brain Tumors. A Novel Randomized Mono-Centeric Microscopic Evidence Based Research.
Authors: Raouf Mina Maher , Hanna George Abdel-shaheed , Gayd Marian Fathi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives.The primary end-point of the current study was to to provide contemporary estimate about both cytoplasmic and nuclear effects of intramuscular progesterone therapy prior to craniotomy. Secondary end-points were to track post-operative course and short term (3 months) neurological sequele.Measurments.Cellular neuronal microscopic examination by immuno-histochemistry (Progesterone receptor density ) and by H&E. Allred score for nuclear staining for PR receptors . Post-operative course included time to wean from mechanical ventilation (hours), Length of ICU stay (days) and brain neuro-imaging by brain CT). Short term outcome included sensory, motor and autonomic assessment. Patients.Two hundred fifty two (252) adult patients of both sexes aged 18–60 years, American society of anesthesia (ASA class І-ІІ ) candidate for intra-parenchymal intra-axial elective brain tumors resection , Excluded candidates included refusal to sign document for intervention, urgent craniotomy, history of endometrial or ovarian neoplasia, redo craniotomy, stented coronary arteries or history of deep venous thrombosis. Design. This research was a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled single center study. Intervention. Two groups, the control group and Progesterone (PR) group. PR group received 1mg/ kg intramuscular progesterone five days before and five days after craniotomy, while Control group received intramuscular isotonic saline daily, five days before and five days after surgery.Setting.Fixtures performed in Minia university hospital, Neurosurgery operative theatre, Floor two (non trauma floor). The study was registered in local ethical committee on April 2020. First patient enrollment was on first of June 2020 and the patient allocation in the rank ended on 30 of December 2020. Main resultsProgesterone therapy successfully increased expression of active nuclear PR receptors on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, provided cytoplasmic and nuclear neuro-quiescence. Progesterone gave better neurological outcome on 3 month follow- up.Conclusions.Neuronal biopsy examination represented a leap in confirming anti-neuro-inflammatory action offered by progesterone.Name of the registry. Clinical trial .gov.Trial registration number. NCT04414020.Date of registration. 30 of May 2020.URL of trial registry record. ttps://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009WLW&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0004XC5&ts=2&cx=-vrqng9
CAMTA1 Transcription Factor Regulates Salinity And Drought Tolerance In Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Meenakshi  , Kumar Anil , Kumar Varun , Dubey Arvind Kumar , Narayan Shiv , Sawant Samir V. , Pande Veena , Shirke Pramod Arvind , Sanyal Indraneel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, high temperature, and chilling adversely affect plant growth and productivity. Terminal drought stress is one of the major concerns which limits the growth and yield of chickpea. CAMTA (Calmodulin binding transcription activator) plays a vital role in stress tolerance in plants. In this study, we have selected a CAMTA1 gene to explore its role against salinity and drought stress in an economically important crop, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). CAMTA1 gene was then over-expressed in chickpea and was exposed to drought and salinity. The over-expression of CAMTA1 enhanced the activities of various antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase; APX, catalase: CAT, glutathione S-transferase; GST, superoxide dismutase; SOD, monodehydroascorbate reductase; MDHAR). The reduced stress markers TBARS and H2O2 enhanced the survival of plants against both stresses. The physiological parameters (net photosynthesis; PN, transpiration; E, stomatal conductance; gs, photochemical quenching; qP, non-photochemical quenching; qN, and electron transport rate; ETR) were improved in the transgenics under both the stresses, that protected the plants from damage. This investigation verified that the CAMTA1 gene provides tolerance against drought and salinity by maintaining biochemical, physiological, and morphological performances, and could be exploited for genetic engineering strategies to overcome the stresses in other economically important crops.
Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Truly Adversely Affected the Disease Progress and Therapeutic Options in Breast Cancer Patients? - a Single-centre Analysis
Authors: Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Szymankiewicz Maria , Drzewiecka Marta , Glowacka-Mrotek Iwona , Tarkowska Magdalena , Nowikiewicz Magdalena , Zegarski Wojciech 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose The mass and uncontrolled spreading of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in significant disruptions affecting most areas of the social and economic life all over the world. The most important changes concerned problems related to functioning of health care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, treated at our centre.Methods The study participants were patients first time diagnosed with breast cancer, treated between January 2019 and March 2021, who were provided any type of cancer treatment at our centre. The study determined the grade of clinical and pathological progress of the disease and types of cancer treatment applied in patients.Results 2863 patients in total were included in the analysis. The number of hospitalised patients was 1228 (1123 treated surgically, 105 receiving conservative treatment) in 2019, 1318 (1206 and 112 patients, respectively) in 2020, and 317 (288 and 29 patients, respectively) in 2021. Conclusions Despite many hazards associated with the new epidemiological situation, we were able to maintain the continuous operation of our centre. We have achieved a measurable success, and even managed to increase the number of treated breast cancer patients.
Study on the emission characteristics and mechanism of sulfur-containing gas during sludge pyrolysis at low temperature
Authors: Shang Shuo , Fan Haihong , Li Binbin , Li Lin , Li Zhou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effects of temperature, time, and calcium-based ultrafine powder on sulfur-containing gas in the sludge drying process were examined through experiments, and effective measures to control the release of sulfur-containing gases such as CS2, H2S, and SO2 were proposed. Experimental results showed that the drying temperature of sludge should be controlled below 250°C, and the drying duration should be kept within 1 min. Additionally, the release amount of three gases released was small. When the addition amount of calcium-based powder added reached 20% of the original sludge mass fraction, the concentration of sulfur-containing gas released was 59.81 mg/m3, 94% lower than that of the dry pure sludge gas. After absorption by calcium-based powder, there are almost no sulfur-containing organic compounds and sulfur-containing gases. The research results provide a direction for the selection of pyrolysis sludge treatment technology, which is conducive to control the discharge of harmful gases.
MIPO For Complex Comminuted Bone Fractures in the Floating Knee IIC According Fraser: a Case Report
Authors: Peng Chuangang , Ren Guangkai , Dou Minghan , Yuan Baoming , Wu Dankai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective:Floating knee type IIC according to Fraser’s classification is an uncommon severe injury that typically occurs in polytrauma. In this case, mainly due to both intraarticular fracture and the high degree of comminution and malformation on the femoral mid-distal segments, fixation was challenging. The purpose of this study was to prove that minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technology can simplify complex problems and improve prognosis. Case Presentation:A 38-year-old man injured his left leg in a car accident, causing pain, swelling, deformity, and limited mobility on his left knee and thigh, and two small open wounds were noted mainly on the anterior aspect of the mid-distal thigh. Physical examination and lower limb computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed that the neurovascular status was normal. The clinical diagnosis were closed intraarticular fracture of the proximal tibia, open intraarticular fracture of the distal femur with extension to the diaphysis, and a patellar fracture on the ipsilateral knee.In this case, a locking plate system characterized by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technology was used as the treatment. Results and Conclusion:Postoperative evolution was satisfactory, with immediate functional exercise, full weight bearing after three months, and return to daily activity without pain. Final follow-up taken at 3 years showed good lower limb alignment and complete plasticity of the bone structure, by which time the patient showed good limb function. Minimally invasive techniques can provide a simple and effective treatment for some complex fractures.
Comparative Proteome Analysis Revealed the Differences in Response to both M.tb and Mb Infection of Bovine Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Yurong Cai , Weifeng Gao , Pu Wang , Gang Zhang , Xiaoping Wang , Lingling Jiang , Jin Zeng , Yujiong Wang , Li Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and MB (Mycobacterium bovis) infection, is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in the world. During MTB and MB infection, they interact closely with the host alveolar macrophages. However, the mechanisms of MTB/MB and infection of macrophages are still unknown. At Present, in our study, MTB/MB-infected macrophages were analyzed by in-depth comparative proteome analysis. We identified that macrophages were more easily infected with MB than MTB. Both pathogens could induce strong energy metabolism of macrophages. A bunch of proteins and signaling pathways, which involved in autophagy-or inflammatory-related progress, were significantly activated following MB-infected macrophages. In addition, proteins relative with energy metabolisms were highly expressed following MTB-infected macrophages. In summary, we proposed that macrophages could employ autophagy- and inflammatory-related signal pathway to avoid the MB infection. Our study provided a novel insight into the different mechanisms between the MTB and MB during the infected process.
Pan-cancer analysis of non-oncogene addiction to DNA repair
Authors: Bermúdez-Guzmán Luis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cancer cells usually depend on the aberrant function of one or few driver genes to initiate and promote their malignancy, an attribute known as oncogene addiction. However, cancer cells might become dependent on the normal cellular functions of certain genes that are not oncogenes but ensure cell survival (non-oncogene addiction). The downregulation of DNA repair genes and the consequent genetic and epigenetic instability is key to promote malignancy, but the activation of the DNA-damage response (DDR) has been shown to become a type of non-oncogene addiction that critically supports tumour survival. While we know that different cancer types can become dependent on specific DDR genes for their survival, a systematic evaluation of DNA repair addiction at the pan-cancer level is missing. In the present study, this systematic evaluation was addressed using data derived from The Cancer Dependency Map and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Following this approach, 59 DDR genes were identified as commonly essential in cancer cells with 14 genes being exclusively associated with better overall patient survival and 19 with worse overall survival. Notably, a specific molecular signature among the latter, characterized by DDR genes showing the weakest dependency scores, but significant upregulation was strongly associated with worse survival, supporting the presence and relevance of non-oncogenic addiction to DNA repair in cancer. Particularly, UBE2T, RFC4, POLQ, BRIP1, and H2AFX represent the best predictors of poor overall survival, and some might represent promising therapeutic targets, especially under the synthetic lethality approach.
Large-Scale Societal Dynamics are Reflected in Human Mood and Brain
Authors: Lebedev Alexander , Abe Christoph , Acar Kasim , Deco Gustavo , Kringelbach Morten L. , Ingvar Martin , Petrovic Predrag 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The stock market is a bellwether of socio-economic changes that may directly affect individual well-being. Using large-scale UK-biobank data generated over 14 years, we applied specification curve analysis to rigorously identify significant associations between the local stock market index (FTSE100) and 479,791 UK residents’ mood, as well as their alcohol intake and blood pressure adjusting the results for a large number of potential confounders, including age, sex, linear and non-linear effects of time, research site, other stock market indexes. Furthermore, we found similar associations between FTSE100 and volumetric measures of affective brain regions in a subsample (n = 39,755; measurements performed over 5.5 years), which were particularly strong around phase transitions characterized by maximum volatility in the market. The main findings did not depend on applied effect-size estimation criteria (linear methods or mutual information criterion) and were replicated in two independent US-based studies (Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative; n = 424; performed over 2,5 years and MyConnectome; n = 1; 81 measurements over 1,5 years). Our results suggest that phase transitions in the society, indexed by stock market, exhibit close relationships with human mood, health and the affective brain from an individual to population level.
Medical Student Education Through Flipped Learning and Virtual Rotations in Radiation Oncology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Research
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Jin Sung , Yoon Hong In , Lee Joongyo , Lee Jason Joon Bock , Byun Hwa Kyung , Cho Yeona , Kim Yong Bae , Lee Ik Jae , Kim Kyung Hwan , Chang Jee suk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has stripped many medical students worldwide of their right to quality education. In response, we developed hybrid courses involving aspects of both online and in-person teaching for radiation oncology medical student clerkship.MethodsWe entitled students to customize their own rotation schedule using Google Forms and developed a flipped learning online class, which consisted of at least one video clip on basic knowledge of radiation oncology per day (yonsei-radonc.com). Students were instructed to watch online videos before the next day’s discussion session. Required components of the medical education program (e.g., target drawing, site visits to treatment facilities) were also prepared and conducted in accordance with the appropriate level of social distancing measures. Finally, we conducted questionnaire surveys after the completion of the week-long course and clerkship.ResultsFrom March to June 2020, 110 fourth-year medical students undertook a clinical module in our one-week radiation oncology program course. Each day, students completed the flipped learning prior to meeting with the educator and then participated in the online discussion session and conference. All activities were well performed as scheduled. Students’ motivation was high, as was their overall satisfaction with the course. The students were satisfied with the online contents, flipped learning strategy, and instructors.ConclusionsWe successfully integrated open and virtual educational platforms to improve access to and satisfaction with student clerkship. In the future “new normal,” minimized face-to-face learning interactions, such as flipped learning, should be actively utilized for medical and other students’ education.
A Service Evaluation Exploring The Factors Paramedics Consider When Selecting a Conveyance Destination For Survivors of Medical Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Authors: Zorab Oliver , Kirby Kim , Griggs Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Current guidance suggests that adult survivors of medical out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) should be considered for direct transport to specialist centres. Much of the research that informs this recommendation originates from urban environments where patients achieve rapid access to hospital. The factors which facilitate this transport model remain unclear. This regional service evaluation sought to explore the factors influencing paramedic decision making when selection a conveyance destination for survivors of medical OHCA with sustained spontaneous circulation in rural South West England.
Methods
Qualitative data was collected from two socially-distanced focus groups lead by a facilitator using a pre-determined topic guide. Thematic analysis was subsequently used to explore the factors influencing paramedic decision-making when selecting a destination for survivors of medical OHCA. Nine paramedic participants took part in the evaluation from a single regional UK ambulance service.
Findings
: Factors considered by participants were categorised under five primary themes; published guidance, hospital characteristics, non-technical skills, patient characteristics and technical skills. Subthemes were identified resonating with existing literature including proximity to hospital, access to specialist services and the availability of enhanced prehospital care. Additional factors including dealing with conflict, decision making based on experience and a reliance on local guidance emerged and were felt to be unexpected.
Conclusion
Paramedics consider multiple factors when selecting a destination for survivors of OHCA, including the hospital’s distance from scene and access to specialist services. The patient’s stability and availability of enhanced prehospital care to manage agitation are also considered. Paramedics mainly use local guidance, or rely on previous experience to help support their decision making and may need to overcome conflict from hospital colleagues to select an appropriate conveyance destination.