bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and source on the performance of open‐pollinated rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars in contrasting European environments
Authors: Tupits Ilme , Tamm Ilmar , Magistrali Amelia , Rempelos Leonidas , Cakmak Ismail , Leifert Carlo , Grausgruber Heinrich , Wilkinson Andrew , Butler Gillian , Bilsborrow Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRye (Secale cereale L.) is a minor cereal with potential to support sustainable farming practices. This study evaluated the performance of four old and modern European open‐pollinated winter rye cultivars grown with different nitrogen (N) sources (cattle slurry, farmyard manure, biogas digestate, mineral N) at two rates of N 50 and 100 kg ha−1 in the United Kingdom and Estonia, in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. Grain yield in Estonia was higher than the United Kingdom (6.2 vs. 4.8 t ha−1), which was attributed to a higher ear density (409.4 vs. 249.7 ears m−2) and grain number per ear (50.2 vs. 43.2), although 1,000‐grain weight was higher in the United Kingdom. There were clear differences between sites in the response to N source with significant N source × year interactions. Biogas digestate and mineral N produced higher grain yield than farmyard manure and cattle slurry in the United Kingdom, whereas in Estonia cattle slurry had a lower grain yield than the other N sources. Foliar diseases were absent in Estonia and in the United Kingdom, and N source only affected powdery mildew and leaf blotch on Leaf 2. The response of grain quality to N source and variety was consistent across both sites. The modern variety Elias had the highest Hagberg falling number and specific weight but the lowest protein content, whereas the variety Schlägler had the highest protein content but lowest specific weight. The benefits of selecting cultivars for specific environments are shown by the interactions between genotype and environment.
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and quantum chemical calculations applied to investigation of acid–base and electromigration properties of azahelicenes
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Štěpánová Sille , Jančařík Andrej , Klívar Jiří , Šámal Michal , Stará Irena G. , Chocholoušová Jana Vacek , Vacek Jaroslav , Starý Ivo , Kašička Václav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) using methanol (MeOH) as a solvent of the BGEs and quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT) have been applied to determine the thermodynamic acidity (ionization) constants (pKa) of mono‐ and diaza[5]helicenes, mono‐ and diaza[6]helicenes, and their dibenzo derivatives in MeOH and water. First, the mixed acidity constants, , of ionogenic pyridinium groups of azahelicenes and their derivatives in MeOH were obtained by nonlinear regression analysis of pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities. The effective mobilities were measured by NACE in a large series of methanolic BGEs within a wide conventional pH range (pHMeOH 1.6–12.0) and at ambient temperature (21–26°C) in a home‐made CE device. Prior to mixed acidity constant calculation, the effective mobilities were corrected to reference temperature (25°C) and constant ionic strength (25 mM). Then, the mixed acidity constants were recalculated to the thermodynamic acidity constants pKa,MeOH by the Debye–Hückel theory of nonideality of electrolyte solutions. Finally, from the methanolic thermodynamic pKa,MeOH values, the aqueous thermodynamic constants were estimated using the empirical relations between methanolic and aqueous acidity constants derived for structurally related pyridine derivatives. Depending on the number and position of the nitrogen atoms in their molecules, the analyzed azahelicenes were found to be weak to moderate bases with methanolic pKa,MeOH in the range 2.01–8.75 and with aqueous in the range 1.67–8.28. The thermodynamic pKa,MeOH obtained by the DFT calculations were in a good agreement with those determined experimentally by NACE.
Community support for policy interventions targeting unhealthy food environments in public institutions
Authors: Cranney Leonie , Thomas Margaret , Cobcroft Megan , Drayton Bradley , Rissel Chris , Bauman Adrian , Phongsavan Philayrath 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIssue addressedUnderstanding community support for obesity prevention policy is important for developing effective preventive health action. This study assessed support for a range of obesity prevention interventions, including food environment policies designed to improve healthy food and drink availability and promotion within public institutions.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was completed by 2006 NSW adults. Questions explored attitudes and beliefs about obesity, the importance of government‐led prevention and support for eight obesity prevention interventions. Regression analyses examined associations between intervention support and sociodemographic, attitudinal and behavioural characteristics.ResultsMost respondents (80%) believed obesity was a large problem and that poor individual choices (86%) and the widespread availability of unhealthy food and drink (78%) contributed to the issue. There was moderate to high support for most (n = 7) initiatives. Support for food environment policies was highest for schools (76%‐82%) and hospitals (67%‐79%). Supporters and opponents rationalised opinions based on perceived effectiveness, the government's role and cost benefits. Opponents were a minority, but principles of autonomy were predominant. Attributing obesity to environment‐related factors, and personal lower SSB consumption strongly predicted support.ConclusionThere is a significant recognition of the obesity issue and strong support for policies designed to improve the availability and promotion of healthy food and drink in public institutions, particularly in schools and hospitals.So what?Substantial community support for healthy food environment policies in schools and hospitals warrants continued implementation in NSW. This may foster further acceptance for wider implementation. Our findings could inform the framing of policy advocacy messages.
Complexity against current cancer research: Are we on the wrong track?
Authors: Kasikci Yasenya , Gronemeyer Hinrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer genetics has led to major discoveries, including protooncogene and tumor‐suppressor concepts, and cancer genomics generated concepts like driver and passenger genes, revealed tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Reconstructing trajectories of tumorigenesis using spatial and single‐cell genomics is possible. Patient stratification and prognostic parameters have been improved. Yet, despite these advances, successful translation into targeted therapies has been scarce and mostly limited to kinase inhibitors. Here, we argue that current cancer research may be on the wrong track, by considering cancer more as a “monogenic” disease, trying to extract common information from thousands of patients, while not properly considering complexity and individual diversity. We suggest to empower a systems cancer approach which reconstructs the information network that has been altered by the tumorigenic events, to analyze hierarchies and predict (druggable) key nodes that could interfere with/block the aberrant information transfer. We also argue that the interindividual variability between patients of similar cohorts is too high to extract common polygenic network information from large numbers of patients and argue in favor of an individualized approach. The analysis we propose would require a structured multinational and multidisciplinary effort, in which clinicians, and cancer, developmental, cell and computational biologists together with mathematicians and informaticians develop dynamic regulatory networks which integrate the entire information transfer in and between cells and organs in (patho)physiological conditions, revealing hierarchies and available drugs to interfere with key regulators. Based on this blueprint, the altered information transfer in individual cancers could be modeled and possible targeted (combo)therapies proposed.
Oncologic outcomes of conservative treatment of atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus: A two‐center experience
Authors: Casadio Paolo , Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Zizolfi Brunella , Armano Giulia , Buonaiuto Roberto , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , Seracchioli Renato , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAtypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a rare uterine premalignant lesion mainly occurring in premenopausal and nulliparous women. Although hysteroscopic resection (HR) has showed promising results, the conservative management of APA in young women is not standardized, and few data are available in the literature. We aimed to assess oncologic outcomes of the conservative treatment of APA.MethodsA multicenter observational retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with APA who underwent conservative treatment from January 2006 to June 2020. Rates of each oncologic outcome (i.e. initial complete response, persistence, progression to cancer, recurrence, long‐term treatment success, and treatment failure) were calculated for all conservative treatment together and separately.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were included. Conservative treatments consisted of HR alone (n = 14) and HR + progestin (n = 11). Overall, 24 (96%) patients showed initial complete response, of which 21 (84%) showed long‐term treatment success; four (16%) patients had progression to cancer, of which two (8%) first recurred as APA. Long‐term treatment success was achieved in 13 of 14 (92.9%) patients with HR alone and 8 of 11 (72.3%) with HR + progestin.ConclusionConservative treatment appears to be a safe option in women with APA. The four‐steps HR might be considered as the first‐line conservative approach, while the addition of progestin does not seem to improve oncologic outcomes. However, the risk of progression to cancer highlights the need for a close and long‐term follow up with ultrasonography and hysteroscopic biopsies, and for hysterectomy in patients not desiring pregnancy.
Next‐generation machine vision systems incorporating two‐dimensional materials: Progress and perspectives
Authors: Wu Peisong , He Ting , Zhu He , Wang Yang , Li Qing , Wang Zhen , Fu Xiao , Wang Fang , Wang Peng , Shan Chongxin , Fan Zhiyong , Liao Lei , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine vision systems (MVSs) are an important component of intelligent systems, such as autonomous vehicles and robots. However, with the continuous increase in data and new application scenarios, new requirements are put forward for the next generation of MVS. There is an urgent need to find new material systems to complement the existing semiconductor technology based on thin‐film materials, and new architectures must be explored to improve efficiency. Because of their unique physical properties, two‐dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention for use in MVSs, especially in biomimetic ones: the human visual system, which can process complex visual information with low power consumption, provides a model for next‐generation MVSs. This review paper summarizes the progress and challenges of applying 2D material photodetectors in sense‐memory‐computational integration and biomimetic image sensors for machine vision.
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The multifaceted antineoplastic role of pyrimethamine against human malignancies
Authors: Ramchandani Shanaya , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Mistry Jenaifer Rustom , Su Qi , Naz Irum , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapeutic agents that are in clinical practice possess a broad range of severe adverse effects towards vital organs which emphasizes the importance of the discovery of new therapeutic agents or repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis with a well‐documented excellent safety profile. In the last 5 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the anticancer potential of pyrimethamine in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and to repurpose it as an anticancer agent. The studies have demonstrated that pyrimethamine inhibits oncogenic proteins such as STAT3, NF‐κB, DX2, MAPK, DHFR, thymidine phosphorylase, telomerase, and many more in a different types of cancer models. Moreover, pyrimethamine has been reported to work in synergy with other anticancer agents, such as temozolomide, to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Recently, the results of phase‐1/2 clinical trials demonstrated that pyrimethamine administration reduces the expression of STAT3 signature genes in tumor tissues of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with a good therapeutic response. In the present article, we have reviewed most of the published articles related to the antitumor effects of pyrimethamine in malignancies of breast, liver, lung, skin, ovary, prostate, pituitary, and leukemia in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also discussed the pharmacokinetic profile and results of clinical trials obtained after pyrimethamine treatment. From these studies, we believe that pyrimethamine has the potential to be repurposed as an anticancer drug.
Long non‐coding RNA ANRIL interacts with microRNA‐34a and microRNA‐125a, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yang Peng , Lin Guiqing , Wang Minli , Chen Xuewei , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the correlation of long non‐coding RNA antisense non‐coding RNA in the INK4 locus (lncRNA ANRIL) and its target microRNAs (microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) and microRNA‐125a (miR‐125a)) with disease risk and severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsSeventy‐eight PD patients and 78 age‐/gender‐matched controls were consecutively enrolled. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected and proposed for the reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete lncRNA ANRIL, miR‐34a, and miR‐125a measurements.ResultsLncRNA ANRIL was upregulated, while miR‐34a and miR‐125a were downregulated in PD patients compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Further, they all showed certain values for PD risk identification by ROC curve analyses, among which lncRNA ANRIL showed the highest AUC (AUC: 0.879, 95% CI: 0.824‐0.934). Furthermore, lncRNA ANRIL negatively correlated with miR‐34a (p = 0.016) and miR‐125a (p = 0.005) in PD patients, but not in controls. In addition, lncRNA ANRIL was observed to positively associate with UPDRS‐I score (p = 0.029), UPDRS‐III score (p = 0.006), and UPDRS‐IV score (p = 0.033), while negatively correlated with MMSE score (p = 0.003). These associations were less distinct as to miR‐34a and miR‐125a.ConclusionLncRNA ANRIL interacts with miR‐34a and miR‐125a in PD patients, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of PD.
The clinical value of long noncoding RNA GAS5 in acute ischemic stroke: Correlation with disease risk, inflammation, severity, and risk of recurrence
Authors: Fang Pingping , Wu Yiping , Zhang Zhongbo , Cui Cui , Dong Xiaoxue , Hu Ke , Jia Jundong , Duan Xinfei , Zhang Ying , Huo Haoran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNA growth arrest‐specific 5 (lnc‐GAS5) is involved in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by regulating vascular stenosis, inflammation, and neurocyte apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the clinical value of lnc‐GAS5 in patients with AIS.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 120 patients with AIS at admission and 60 controls after enrollment, and lnc‐GAS5 expression in the plasma of all participants was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In patients with AIS, disease severity was evaluated using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was calculated during a 36‐month follow‐up period.ResultsLnc‐GAS5 expression levels were higher in patients with AIS than in the controls (p < 0.001), and it had the potential to discriminate the controls from patients with AIS (area under the curve: 0.893, 95% confidence interval: 0.849–0.938). In patients with AIS, elevated lnc‐GAS5 levels were positively correlated with NIHSS score (r = 0.397, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.046), and higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α; r = 0.374, p < 0.001), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6; r = 0.223, p < 0.001), and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A; r = 0.222, p = 0.015). The expression levels of lnc‐GAS5 were also negatively correlated with the levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10; r = −0.350, p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.036).ConclusionLnc‐GAS5 is correlated with higher susceptibility to AIS, inflammation, and severity, and can predict an increased risk of AIS recurrence, indicating that monitoring of lnc‐GAS5 might improve the management of AIS.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the safety, housing stability, and mental health of unstably housed domestic violence survivors
Authors: Chiaramonte Danielle , Simmons Cortney , Hamdan Noora , Ayeni Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo , López‐Zerón Gabriela , Farero Adam , Sprecher Mackenzie , Sullivan Cris M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing data from an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the impact of the COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders on a racially diverse population of unstably housed domestic violence (DV) survivors over time. Specifically, we examined survivors' safety, housing stability, and mental health before, during, and after the onset of COVID‐19, and how demographic, social, and familial factors attenuated or exacerbated the effect of the stay‐at‐home orders. Approximately 300 participants were initially interviewed after they sought services from a DV agency, and then again, every 6 months over 2 years. COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders occurred midway through the completion of this multi‐year study. Longitudinal mixed effects models were estimated to examine the impact of COVID‐19 on the safety, housing stability, and mental health of survivors over time. We also examined models with several time‐varying (e.g., employment, income, social support, and number of children) and time‐invariant (baseline outcome scores, racial/ethnic identity, education, and disability status) control variables. Results revealed that safety, housing stability and mental health were improving for study participants before the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic but plateaued after the stay‐at‐home orders were issued. Experiences of abuse, housing instability, and mental health symptomatology did not worsen as a result of the COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders. Notably, social support and housing services emerged as important predictors of outcomes, such that participants who received housing‐related services and greater social support reported less abuse, less housing instability, and lower mental health distress. COVID‐19 temporarily disrupted the positive trajectory unstably housed DV survivors were experiencing in regard to safety, housing stability and mental health. These findings provide critical insight into the importance of service access during and after global catastrophes. Additional resources and support may be helpful in assisting survivors to return to their pre‐pandemic recovery and growth trajectories.
Neurological Immune‐Related Adverse Events After COVID‐19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafiq Ameena , Salameh Mohammad A. , Laswi Ibrahim , Mohammed Ibrahim , Mhaimeed Omar , Mhaimeed Nada , Mhaimeed Narjis , Paul Pradipta , Mushannen Malik , Elshafeey Abdallah , Fares Ahmed , Holroyd Sean , Zakaria Dalia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. The global scientific effort to design an effective vaccine against this virus has led to the development of several vaccine candidates. The expedited rollout of these vaccines has created some public distrust regarding the safety of these new vaccines. This review compiles clinical data from reports of diagnosed immune‐related neurological events that have occurred after COVID‐19 vaccine administration with the exception of those secondary to hematological abnormalities. A systematic literature search was performed, using several databases, to identify reports of postvaccination adverse neurological events. The search resulted in 18 studies that met our criteria. These studies included 61 patients who had received COVID‐19 vaccines and experienced at least 1 neurological adverse effect. The most common neurological event was facial nerve palsy (50% of all events). Other less frequently reported events included the reactivation of herpes zoster, Guillain‐Barre syndrome, other demyelinating diseases, and neuropathy. The underlying mechanism was hypothesized to be related to vaccine‐induced type 1 interferon production leading to decreased tolerance of the myelin sheath antigens. Other hypotheses include vaccine‐induced transient lymphopenia and immune dysregulation. Most of the reported events were time limited and resolved spontaneously. Given the rarity of reported neurological events compared to the total number of vaccines administered, and the similarity in the incidence of events between COVID‐19 vaccines and other more common vaccines, there is little evidence to support a causal relationship between COVID‐19 vaccines and adverse neurological events.
Synthesis, molecular docking, in silico ADME, and EGFR kinase inhibitor activity studies of some new benzimidazole derivatives bearing thiosemicarbazide, triazole, and thiadiazole
Authors: Celik Ismail , Ayhan‐Kılcıgil Gülgün , Karayel Arzu , Guven Berna , Onay‐Besikci Arzu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the important targets in the development of the anticancer compound, is a member of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase receptor family and is highly expressed in solid tumors. Inhibition of EGFR is important for cancer treatment to inhibit the progression and growth of EGFR‐expressing tumor cells. Agents targeting EGFR are successful drugs involved in the treatment of various cancers, particularly colorectal, head, neck, lung, and breast cancers. In this study, the design of some novel benzimidazole compounds that can interact with EGFR kinase enzyme, synthesis and analysis of these compounds, and evaluation of their biological activities in vitro was aimed. To reach the target compounds, by reacting acid hydrazides with alkyl isothiocyanates, thiosemicarbazides were formed, then cyclization of these compounds with concentrated sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, thiadiazole, or triazole derivatives were obtained. As a result of the study, a total of 38 new benzimidazole derivatives was obtained, and the structures of these compounds were clarified by elemental analysis, mass, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Also, the structure of compound 4c was proven by X‐ray crystallography. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds have also been carried out, some molecules with high docking scores have been selected and EGFR kinase inhibitor properties have been tested. Among the compounds tested, it was determined that the most active compound was 12a, which inhibited 68% EGFR at a concentration of 10 μM.