bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Alien” Experience: Satyajit Ray’s Posthumanism
Authors: Roy Binayak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As an ethical project, critical posthumanism acknowledges that life-forms have intertwined histories. Life, both human and nonhuman, is about mutual interconnections, relationality rather than about isolation, separation, and boundedness. The article seeks to examine the posthumanist vision of Satyajit Ray as expostulated in his films and scripts. His swansong, Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991), acknowledges that environment-induced science/technology outmatches modern rocket science and the launch of the Voyager. His proposed science-fiction film The Alien (1967) conjectures the possibility of a visit of an alien from a technologically superior planet to earth and predates the films about extraterrestrials in the decades to come. Ray explores the idea of artificial intelligence in a short story named “Anukul” (later filmed by Sujoy Ghosh), which raises some pertinent issues about the degree of autonomy reached by robots and the pressing need to develop new rules to manage them. As robots become more autonomous, the notion of computer-controlled machines facing ethical decisions becomes much more complicated.
Safety, preparedness and ice management for accidental spills in pack ice
Authors: Sandkvist Jim 
Published: July 2021

Safety and environmental aspects combined with complete remoteness put extra demands on shipping and hydrocarbon exploitation activities in the Arctic. The operator, the ship has to be prepared for often extreme weather and ice situations. This includes not only technical matters as hull design, polar classes, ice forces but also organisation, knowhow, plans and effective management must be fully involved.
The remoteness itself emphasizes the fact that one has to rely on his own resources only, his knowledge, experience and crew when unexpected situations appear. You cannot call for extra supply, tools, fuel, rescue, etc. in accidental situations. The situation must be handled with available resources, following implemented, prepared, manned and trained plans. According to statistics from the Arctic Council, accidents in the Arctic regions occur, involving groundings, collisions, fire, among others. Even though the traffic increases the volume of spilled oil has decreased during the last two decades. In order not only to fulfil governmental demands and regulations for planned activities, a pro active safety approach is needed in order to become capable to handle a spill in pack ice. Risk analysis and safety management may identify and minimize risks, but we have to be prepared for dealing with the consequences when the spill appears.
Coping strategies and chiropractic student perceived stress
Authors: Zhang Niu , Henderson Charles N.R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To investigate coping strategies adopted by chiropractic college students and how these strategies affect student-perceived stress levels.

Methods
Four hundred seven (407) 1st-quarter students were recruited during 2014 and 2015. The validated Brief COPE inventory was used to assess coping strategies during the 1st week of classes. Perceived Chiropractic College Stress (PCCS) was assessed via a modification of Vitaliano Perceived Medical School Stress survey instrument. The modified coping instrument was administered during the 1st quarter (PCCS1) and 6 months later during the 3rd quarter (PCCS2).

Results
Mean perceived stress levels were greater after 6 months. Although perceived stress increased more for females than for males over that period, it was not statistically significant. Male and female coping strategies differed only in the preferential use of emotional support by females. Students generally adopted active coping strategies (eg, active coping and planning) rather than avoidant strategies (eg, substance abuse). Regression analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between avoidant-emotion coping and PCCS1 with a weaker positive correlation between problem-focused coping, sex, and PCCS1. Avoidant-emotion coping also demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with PCCS2. Neither sex nor the 3 coping strategies were predictors of PCCS change (PCCS2 – PCCS1).

Conclusion
This study is a starting point for exploring the relationship between perceived stress and coping behaviors in a chiropractic training institution. Students generally used healthy adaptive coping strategies with minimal sex differences. Avoidant-emotion coping appears to be a reliable predictor of PCCS, with sex being a poor predictor.
Perceptions of chiropractic students regarding interprofessional health care teams
Authors: Knieper Matthew J. , Bhatti Judy L. , DC Elissa J. Twist 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To describe perceptions of knowledge of interprofessional teams and value of interprofessional education (IPE) among 3 distinct years of chiropractic students at 1 chiropractic college.

Methods
A 24-item cross-sectional survey was administered to 247 chiropractic students in years 1–3 within a single institution. Surveys included 5 demographic questions and the 19-item Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). The RIPLS collected information on perceptions and value of interprofessional health care in a health care training program. Each question is scored on a 1–5 scale, with 5 indicating a stronger agreement. Multivariable analysis was used for comparison.

Results
Out of a total 321 eligible students, 247 (148 male) students completed the survey from year 1 (n = 66), year 2 (n = 102), and year 3 (n = 79), respectively. Most students (68%) were 18–25 years old. The mean compiled score of all 3 years (n = 231) was 77.2 (SD = 9.1). Each individual's year scores were as follows: year 1 (n = 60, mean = 79.7, SD=7.4), year 2 (n = 95, mean = 76.9, SD = 9.1), and year 3 (n = 76, mean = 75.4, SD = 9.9). Of the 247 students who responded, 87% of participantsagreed with “shared learning with other health care students will increase my ability to understand clinical problems.”

Conclusion
Most participants demonstrated a positive response to IPE and collaborating with health care teams. Participants in earlier years demonstrated a more positive response compared to later years. While positive perceptions to IPE were demonstrated, chiropractic students lacked knowledge and understanding of their role within an interprofessional health care team.
Vaginal hysterectomy following previous cesarean section
Authors: Sheth S.S. , Malpani A.N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine whether hysterectomy by the vaginal route is safe and feasible in patients with previous cesarean section. Methods: A retrospective study of the records of private and public hospital patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy performed by the senior author. Two hundred twenty patients who had had previous cesarean sections were compared with a control group of 200 patients who had not had previous pelvic surgery, with special reference to operative difficulties, intraoperative complications, surgical time and length of hospital stay. Results: It was possible to perform vaginal hysterectomy safely in patients with previous cesarean sections. Three of 200 (1.5%) patients had inadvertent intraoperative urological trauma because of dense adhesions. Conclusions: The vaginal route is the route of choice for performing a hysterectomy in patients with previous cesarean section.
Decreased heart rate variability parameters in amitriptyline treated depressed patients: biological and clinical significance
Authors: Rechlin T , Claus D , Weis M , Kaschka WP 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOne hundred-four depressed patients treated with amitriptyline (mean dosage: 163 mg/d; mean plasma level: 239 ng/ml) and 52 normal control subjects matched for age and sex underwent a standardized cardiovascular test battery (various autonomic cardiac parameters, which are largely independent from heart rate, namely the coefficients of variation (CV) while resting and during deep respiration, a spectral analysis of heart rate, the Valsalva ratio, and a posture index were determined). The tests included the determination of time- and frequency-derived measurements of heart rate variability (HRV), which is rather independent from heart rate. As compared to the controls the patients showed a significant plasma concentration-dependent decrease of R-R variation in the electrocardiogram (p < 0.0001), while their heart rate was significantly elevated (p < 0.0001). The markedly reduced parameters of sinus arrhythmia in amitriptyline treated patients are suggested to be mainly due to the anticholinergic effect of this drug, although it can not be excluded that the affective disorder itself might be associated with low heart rate variability. The results indicate that autonomic heart rate parameters are a valuable tool for the detection of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) intake in unconscious patients, especially in intensive care and emergency wards.
Ethical issues in European psychiatry
Authors: Neeleman J , van Os J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEuropean psychiatrists and psychiatric service planners are confronting new ethical dilemmas as a direct or indirect result of European integration. These dilemmas present themselves at a variety of levels, ranging from the individual doctor-patient relationship to national and international legislations. We review some of the areas in which ethical questions may arise as a result of increasing European unity. Some of the issues may seem minor but are likely to have some impact on any psychiatrist exposed to transcultural practice in the European Union. Other examples have been selected not because they are common but because of their massive ethical ramifications. Attempts, by psychiatrists, to address these issues pro-actively are few and far apart.
WHO Initiative of Support to People Disabled by Mental Illness: some issues and concepts related to rehabilitation
Authors: Bertolote JM , Sartorius N 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis paper describes some of the World Health Organization's (WHO.) activities related to psychosocial rehabilitation highlighting its Initiative of Support to People Disabled by Mental Illness. Critical issues related to consumer empowerment and the role consumers can play in psychosocial rehabilitation are discussed. Consensus and disagreements between medical and lay views about concepts relating to mental disorders and rehabilitation are also discussed. WHO future work in this area is indicated.
Citalopram in mentally retarded patients with depression: a long-term clinical investigation
Authors: Verhoeven W.M.A. , Veendrik-Meekes M.J. , Jacobs G.A.J. , van den Berg Y.W.M.M. , Tuinier S. 
Published: July 2002

The effect of citalopram was investigated in 20 mentally retarded patients suffering from a depressive disorder characterized by alterations in the domains of affectivity, motivation, motor activity and vital signs. The study followed a baseline-controlled open design. Citalopram was started in a daily dosage of 20 mg that was kept unchanged for 6 weeks. Thereafter dosage was adjusted to maximally 60 mg per day. Treatment effects were assessed according to the Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGIS) after at least 6 months.In 12 of the 20 patients a moderate to marked improvement in all domains was observed upon treatment with 20–40 mg citalopram daily. Treatment for one year in the effective dose prevented recurrence of depressive symptomatology. Concomitant use of sedative anticonvulsants reduced responsiveness to treatment. No interactions were observed.It is concluded that citalopram is a well-tolerated, safe and effective antidepressant in mentally retarded subjects with depressive disorders.
Can better recognition and treatment of depression reduce suicide rates? A brief review
Authors: Rihmer Z. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryDepression, the major cause of suicide, is prevalent but an under-detected, underdiagnosed and, under-treated illness and it is particularly true for depressed suicide victims. However, several studies consistently show that successful treatment of depression not only relieves depressive symptoms, but also decreases and makes suicidality vanish. If the rate of treated depressions in the population increases gradually, at a given point it will appear in the decline of the suicide rates. Although absolute evidence is lacking at present, recent reports from some European countries strongly suggest that increasing utilisation of antidepressants is one of the most important contributing factors in the decrease in suicide rates.
Detection and Treatment of Mental Disorders in General Health Care
Authors: Huyse FJ , Herzog T , Lobo A , Lyons JS , Slaets JPJ , Fink P , Stiefel F , de Jonge P 
Published: July 2002

SummaryMental health service delivery in the general health care sector is restricted with regard to understanding the magnitude and impact of mental illness in the medically ill (co-morbidity), as well as the significance of current mental health service delivery. A new model in development in the framework of a Biomed2 grant is presented. It consists of case-finding through complexity of hospital care prediction (COMPRI) followed by an integral health service needs assessment (INTERMED). It might serve to develop a more structural relation with the general health care sector for the management of mentally co-morbid high utilizing patients.
Post-stroke depression: Diagnosis and incidence
Authors: Andersen G 
Published: July 2002

SummaryDiagnosis of post-stroke depression (PSD) is extremely difficult due to concomitant focal cognitive disturbances or generalized intellectual impairment, and, in some cases, dissociation of mood and affective behavior. The diagnosis has been standardized on the basis of psychiatric criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III, an approach that has been criticized for taking into account non-specific stroke-related somatic symptoms. Yet evaluation of the PSD diagnosis by comparing the severity of depressive symptoms in stroke to an age-matched population sample and by conducting a controlled antidepressant treatment study in unselected PSD patients has failed to disclose any evidence that non-specific symptoms influence the diagnosis of PSD. The prognosis, however, of early vs late diagnosed PSD and the response to treatment of early vs late diagnosed PSD differ, indicating that PSD diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria covers a heterogeneous group of etiologically different conditions.
Hallucinogenic drug induced states resemble acute endogenous psychoses: results of an empirical study
Authors: Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E , Habermeyer E , Hermle L , Steinmeyer AM , Kunert HJ , Sass H 
Published: July 2002

SummaryClinical evidence suggests that hallucinogenic drug-induced altered states of consciousness (ASCs) and the incipient, acute stages of endogenous psychoses share many common phenomenological features. The aim of our study was to assess hallucinogen-like phenomena in endogenous psychotic patients using standardised methods. We examined 93 endogenous psychotic patients, 50 healthy controls and a small group of drug induced psychotic patients (n= 7) with two ASC self-assessment scales (questionnaire APZ =AbnormerPsychischerZustand = Altered State of Consciousness [Dittrich et al, 1985]; and questionnaire OAV = Abbreviation of the three subscales:Oceanic Boundlessness/Angst = Dread of Ego Dissolution/Visionary Restructuralisation [Bodmer 1989]). Patients were examined shortly after remission of their last acute psychotic episode and they answered the questionnaires referring to the early phase of this episode. Differences in the questionnaire scores were significant between psychotic patients and controls. Drug induced patients had numerically higher scores than endogenous psychotic patients, however these differences were only significant for the APZ total score and the undifferentiated items of the APZ, but not for the three APZ subscale and the OAV scores. More than 50% of the endogenous psychotic patients answered 26% of the APZ-and 43% of the OAV-items with “yes”. The OAV total score and the OSE (OzeanischeSelbstentgrenzung = oceanic boundlessness) scores of both questionnaires correlated significantly with BPRS Factor 3 (thought disturbance). Our results support the hypothesis that hallucinogen-like experiences represent common phenomena during the acute stages of endogenous psychoses. Remarkably, these phenomena include subjectively pleasant experiences of the OSE dimension. In the routine clinical assessment of endogenous psychotic patients experiences of this dimension may be more easily overlooked than the negative experiences of the AIA dimension (AIA:Angst vor derIch-Auflösung = dread of ego dissolution).
Retinitis pigmentosa and schizophrenia
Authors: McDonald C , Kenna P , Larkin T 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThere have been previous suggestions in the literature of a link between schizophrenia and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or its associated syndromes. In this article, we describe two cases of schizophrenía and two cases of delusional disorder occurring in patients with RP. We explore possible reasons for an association between RP and schizophrenia including shared genetic predisposition, sensory deprivation, coarse brain disease and retinoid dysregulation. Awareness of an association may help to direct future research into the aetiology of these disorders, especially in the areas of neurochemistry and medical genetics.
Prediction of duration of psychosis before first admission
Authors: Verdoux H , Bergey C , Assens F , Abalan F , Gonzales B , Pauillac P , Fournet O , Liraud F , Beaussier JP , Gaussares C , Etchegaray B , Bourgeois M , van Os J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryObjective:To assess the factors predicting the delay between onset of psychotic symptoms and first admission in a populationbased sample.Method:The duration of psychosis before admission was ascertained in a standardised way for 59 consecutively first-admitted patients presenting with psychotic symptoms.Results:The median of the duration of psychosis before admission was 3 months (interquartile range 0.5-14). A delay ≥ 3 months was independently predicted by family history of psychiatric hospitalisation (odds ratio [OR] = 12.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-97.0, P = 0.02). low educational level (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.0-50.0, P = 0.05), poor global adjustment in the preceding year (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.860.99, P = 0.04). and by greater global severity of illness at admission (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 0.87-18.3, P = 0.07).Conclusion:As these factors are also known to predict poor outcome, our results suggest that the association between duration of untreated psychosis and poor prognosis may be mediated, at least in part, by such demographic and clinical variables.
The effects of chronic carvedilol therapy on QT dispersion in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Yildirir Aylin , Sade Elif , Tokgozoglu Lale , Oto Ali 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Carvedilol therapy reduces mortality from sudden cardiac death and progressive pump failure in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the effect(s) of carvedilol on ventricular repolarization characteristics is unclear.Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic carvedilol therapy on ventricular repolarization characteristics as assessed by QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with CHF.Method:Nineteen patients (age 53±12 years; 16 male, three female) with CHF (eight ischemic, 11 non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy) were prospectively included in the study. Carvedilol was administered in addition to standard therapy for CHF at a dose of 3.125 mg bid and uptitrated biweekly to the maximum tolerated dose. From standard 12‐lead electrocardiograms the maximum and minimum QT intervals (QTmax, QTmin), QTd, corrected QT intervals (QTcmax, QTcmin) and corrected QTd (QTcd) values were calculated at baseline, after the 2nd and the 16th month of carvedilol therapy.Results:A significant reduction was noted in the QTd and QTcd values with carvedilol therapy after the 16th month (QTd: 81±22 ms vs. 40±4.3 ms P<0.001; QTcd: 91±25 ms vs. 51±7 ms P<0.001), but not after the 2nd month (P>0.05). The resting heart rate was also significantly reduced after a 16‐month course of carvedilol therapy (78±13 bpm vs. 66±15 bpm, P<0.05). Carvedilol therapy did not alter QTmax and QTcmax intervals (P>0.05), however, QT min and QTcmin significantly increased with carvedilol at the 16th month (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively).Conclusion:Long‐term carvedilol therapy was associated with a reduction in QTd, an effect that might contribute to the favorable effects of carvedilol in reducing sudden cardiac death in CHF.
COMPARING WOMEN'S ASSESSMENT OF MIDWIFERY AND MEDICAL CARE IN QUÉBEC, CANADA
Authors: De Koninck Maria , Blais Régis , Joubert Pierre , Gagnon Claude ,   L'équipe d'évaluation des projets‐pilotes sages‐femmes
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIn 1990, the province of Québec, Canada, adopted a law that authorized the evaluation of the practice of midwifery through pilot projects before its legalization. A key objective of this evaluation, as defined by the law, was the documentation of women's assessment of maternity care, especially with regard to humanization and continuity of care. Two to 3 months after birth, 933 midwifery clients and 1,000 physicians' clients, matched on several characteristics, responded to a mailed questionnaire (response rates were 93% and 76%, respectively). Results showed that women from both groups were generally satisfied with the care they received, although women who received midwifery care were assessed as more positive on every issue surveyed. Objective measures supported impressions that were also confirmed through qualitative data analysis: midwifery clients had a greater number of and longer prenatal visits, their care was perceived to be more personalized, and a greater number of midwives' clients breastfed their infants. However, the interpretation of these results must take into account that the two groups had different personal expectations and values with regard to health and health care. These findings are enlightening in evaluating women's needs, expectations, and satisfaction with health care services and should be included in future development of maternity care, including midwifery services, in Québec and other locations.