bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Informing Participants of the Response Bias of an Automated Target Recognition System on Trust and Reliance Behavior
Authors: Knocton Shala , Hunter Aren , Connors Warren , Dithurbide Lori , Neyedli Heather F. 
Published: June 2021

Objective To determine how changing and informing a user of the false alarm (FA) rate of an automated target recognition (ATR) system affects the user’s trust in and reliance on the system and their performance during an underwater mine detection task. Background ATR systems are designed to operate using a high sensitivity and a liberal decision criterion to reduce the risk of the ATR system missing a target. A high number of FAs in general may lead to a decrease in operator trust and reliance. Methods Participants viewed sonar images and were asked to identify mines in the images. They performed the task without ATR and with ATR at a lower and higher FA rate. The participants were split into two groups—one informed and one uninformed of the changed FA rate. Trust and/or confidence in detecting mines was measured after each block. Results When not informed of the FA rate, the FA rate had a significant effect on the participants’ response bias. Participants had greater trust in the system and a more consistent response bias when informed of the FA rate. Sensitivity and confidence were not influenced by disclosure of the FA rate but were significantly worse for the high FA rate condition compared with performance without the ATR. Conclusion and application Informing a user of the FA rate of automation may positively influence the level of trust in and reliance on the aid.
Comparison of Physiological Effects Induced by Two Compression Stockings and Regular Socks During Prolonged Standing Work
Authors: Garcia Maria-Gabriela , Roman Maria Gloria , Davila Andrea , Martin Bernard J. 
Published: June 2021

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare lower-leg muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort induced by the prolonged standing of security guards wearing regular socks and those wearing 15–20 or 20–30 mmHg compression stockings as intervention. Background Compression stockings are sometimes used by individuals standing all day at work. However, quantitative evidence showing their potential benefits for lower-leg health issues in healthy individuals during real working conditions is lacking. Method Forty male security employees participated in the study. All were randomly assigned to the control or one of the two intervention groups (I15–20 or I20–30). Lower-leg muscle twitch force, volume, and discomfort ratings were measured before and after their regular 12-hr standing work shift. Results Significant evidence of lower-leg long-lasting muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort was observed after standing work for guards wearing regular socks. However, no significant changes were found for guards wearing either compression stockings. Conclusion In healthy individuals, compression stockings seem to attenuate efficiently the tested outcomes in the lower leg resulting from prolonged standing. Application Occupational activities requiring prolonged standing may benefit from 15–20 or 20–30 mmHg compression stockings. As similar benefits were observed for both levels of compression, the lower level may be sufficient.
The Effect of Cycling While Typing on Patterns of Upper Body Muscle Activation
Authors: Yoon SangHoon , Lefrançois-Daignault Thierry , Côté Julie N. 
Published: June 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of one’s sex and pedaling intensity on upper body muscle activation patterns during typing while cycling. Background Females are at a higher risk for computer work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and mobile workstations have been suggested to induce healthier muscular patterns compared with sitting. However, the neuromuscular characteristics of performing computer work in a cycling workstation have not been investigated. Method Twenty-two participants (10 females) completed a 60-min computer typing task while pedaling on a cycle ergometer at two different intensities (25%, 4% heart rate reserve). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from seven muscles of the upper body. Effects of time, sex, and intensity were assessed for muscle activation (RMS), activation variability (CV), and normalized mutual information (NMI) via generalized estimating equations. Results With time, neck/shoulder CV increased in males during higher pedaling intensity, whereas in females it decreased during lower intensity. In females, RMS of neck/shoulder and NMI of neck/shoulder muscle pairs were lower, whereas forearm RMS was 34.2% higher with higher intensity cycling compared with lower intensity. Lower back RMS decreased 28.3% in the initial half of the task in females, but in males it increased 14.4% in the later half. Conclusion and application Cycling workstation showed a sex- and intensity-specific EMG response. These differing responses should be considered when implementing the use of cycling workstation and may be important for preventing/managing sex-specific muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders.
Krishna Bharadwaj on the Role of Expectations in Economic Theory
Authors: Marcuzzo Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2021

In this article, I discuss the approach favoured by Bharadwaj, in the tradition of classical political economy and of Sraffa, where the focus is on those factors that are observed as opposed to the subjective factors that are neither observable nor measurable. Unlike neoclassical theory, with this approach, there is no room for concepts such as ‘utility’ and the like; insofar as ‘expectations’ are conceived as subjective, non-observable entities, they are not attributed with an explanatory role in the theory of prices and distribution. Moreover, since expectation formation is seen as the effect rather than cause of behaviour, the focus shifts to those social, historical and contingent elements that seem to have a better explanatory force. In this approach, what matters is the persistence of forces leading the system to tend, in the long period, towards a position of rest. JEL Codes: B2, B31
Effectiveness of the Treatment of Rhinogenic Headache Caused by Intranasal Contact
Authors: Folic Miljan M. , Barac Aleksandra M. , Ugrinovic Aleksandar B. , Jotic Ana D. , Trivic Aleksandar S. , Milovanovic Jovica P. , Borozan Nevena N. , Peric Aleksandar R. , Stevanovic Goran , Krejovic-Trivic Sanja B. , Cvorovic Ljiljana , Stojkovic Goran M. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of headache caused by contact points (CPs) between the nasal septum and inferior or middle turbinate. Methods: The research was designed as a prospective clinical case-series study. The patients with CP headaches were offered to choose between 2 treatment options, surgery and medical treatment. Two groups of surgically treated patients (surgery groups 1 and 2, depending on whether there is a contact between nasal septum and inferior turbinate or middle turbinate) were evaluated and compared for headache intensity and frequency. Headache intensity was measured using a visual analog scale value from 0 to 10; the frequency of headache was expressed as the number of days during 1 month with a headache (before surgery, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery). A comparison was also made between surgically and nonsurgically treated patients. Results: We found more intensive and frequent headache in patients who had CP between the nasal septum and the middle turbinate ( P = .038 and P = .003, respectively). A significant reduction in headache intensity and frequency was found in both groups of surgically treated patients 6 months after surgery; however, this reduction was more significant in patients with mucosal contact between nasal septum and middle turbinate. The nonsurgical treatment made a significant reduction of headache intensity and frequency at 1-month follow-up ( P = .012 and P = .031, respectively), but not at 6-month follow-up ( P = .114 and P = .088, respectively). Conclusion: Surgery gave a statistically significant reduction in the intensity and frequency of headache, which was assessed 6 months after surgery. Surgery was found as superior to nonsurgical treatment in the therapy of CP headache.
Evaluation of femoral head bone quality by Hounsfield units: a comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Kılınc Rabia Mihriban , Açan Ahmet Emrah , Türk Gamze , Kılınç Cem Yalın , Yeniçeri İbrahim Önder 
Published: June 2021

Background Osteoporosis is associated with decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) and is diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Computed tomography (CT), performed in routine practice, can also be used to evaluate bone quality without additional cost. Purpose To determine whether Hounsfield units (HU), a standardized CT attenuation coefficient, measured from the femoral head correlated with DXA-measured BMD. Material and Methods We evaluated 82 patients (14 men, 68 women; mean age, 67 years) undergoing femoral DXA and CT (non-enhanced abdominopelvic and hip scans) with 130 kV to determine whether HU correlated with T-scores. HU were measured by two radiologists using the largest spherical region of interest including the medullary bone of the femoral head from the junction point of the most caudal section of the femoral head with the femoral neck in 5-mm axial sections. The correlations of both sides’ HU values with their ages and DXA femur T-score were evaluated. Results HU values obtained from both femoral heads showed significant variation between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups (both P = 0.000) and strongly correlated with each other and DXA femur T-scores (left r = 0.75, right r = 0.73, respectively). In ROC curve analysis, predictive power of left HU values in identifying patients with osteoporotic femur DXA T-score was 0.905, and for right HU values it was 0.924. Osteoporosis cutoff values were 198 HU and 204 HU for the left and right hips, respectively. Conclusions HU obtained from CT performed in routine practice correlated with the DXA scores, thus providing an alternative method to determine regional bone quality without additional cost. This may be useful when choosing a fixation method, especially in trauma cases with already-performed abdominopelvic or pelvic CT in emergency services.
Comparison of Inpatient Standard-of-Care to Outpatient Oritavancin Therapy for Patients With Acute Uncomplicated Cellulitis
Authors: Williams Brandy , Muklewicz Justin , Steuber Taylor D. , Williams April , Edwards Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Shifting inpatient antibiotic treatment to outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy may minimize treatment for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, including cellulitis. The purpose of this evaluation was to compare 30-day hospital readmission or admission due to cellulitis and economic outcomes of inpatient standard-of-care (SoC) management of acute uncomplicated cellulitis to outpatient oritavancin therapy. Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted at a 941-bed community teaching hospital. Adult patients 18 years and older treated for acute uncomplicated cellulitis between February 2015 to December 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Information was obtained from hospital and billing department records. Patients were assigned to either inpatient SoC or outpatient oritavancin cohorts for comparison. Results: 1,549 patients were included in the study (1,348 in the inpatient SoC cohort and 201 in the outpatient oritavancin cohort). The average length of stay for patients admitted was 3.6 ± 1.5 days. The primary outcome of 30-day hospital readmission or admission due to cellulitis occurred in 49/1348 (3.6%) patients in the inpatient SoC cohort versus 1/201 (0.5%) in the outpatient oritavancin cohort (p = 0.02). The difference between costs and reimbursement was improved in the outpatient oritavancin group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Outpatient oritavancin for acute uncomplicated cellulitis was associated with reduction in 30-day hospital readmissions or admissions compared to inpatient SoC. Beneficial economic outcomes for the outpatient oritavancin cohort were observed. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of self-report screening measures in the detection of depressive and anxiety disorders among children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Quilter Michelle , Hiraki Linda , Knight Andrea M , Couture Julie , Levy Deborah , Silverman Earl D , Danguecan Ashley N , Ng Lawrence , Dominguez Daniela , Cost Katherine T , Neufeld Kate M , Schachter Reva , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: June 2021

Background There are no validated screening measures for depressive or anxiety disorders in childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE). We investigated cross-sectionally (1) the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorder in cSLE. (2) the validity of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED) measures in identifyingthese disorders. Methods Participants 8-18 years with cSLE/incipient cSLE completed CES-DC, SCARED, and Quality OfMy Life (QOML) measures. Parents completed the SCARED-Parent measure. Diagnosis was by gold-standard psychiatric interview and determined prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Receiver Operating Characteristics Area under the Curve (ROCAUC) evaluated screening measure diagnostic performance. Results Ofseventy-two parent-child dyads, 56 interviews were completed. Mean screen scores were: CES-DC = 15 (range 1-49, SD 12), SCARED-C = 22 (range 2-61, SD 14), SCARED-P = 13 (range 0-36, SD 8). Depressive disorder screen positivity (CES-DC ≥ 15) was 35% (vs. prevalence 5%). Anxiety disorder screen positivity (SCARED ≥ 25) was 39% (vs. prevalence 16%). CES-DC ROCAUC = 0.98 and SCARED-C ROCAUC = 0.7 (cut-points 38 and 32 respectively). Conclusions Diagnostic thresholds for depressive and anxiety disorderscreening measures are high for both CES-DC and SCARED-C in cSLE. Brief focused interview should follow to determine whether psychiatric evaluation is warranted.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in ocular manifestations of Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Bayram Nurettin , Kaçar Bayram Ayşe , Daimagüler Hülya-Sevcan , Dafsari Hormos Salimi , Bamborschke Daniel , Uyanik Gökhan , Erdogan Murat , Özsaygılı Cemal , Pangal Emine , Yuvaci İsa , Doğanay Selim , Gümüş Hakan , Per Hüseyin , Jungbluth Heinz , Çırak Sebahattin 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aims to present a family with two children with MSS who presented with different ophthalmic features. We also aim to review MSS patients’ ocular manifestations to provide a basis for future clinical trials and improve MSS patients’ ophthalmologic care. Case description: Both patients presented with global developmental delay, microcephaly, cerebellar ataxia, and myopathy. The older sibling had developed bilateral cataracts at the age of six. Her 2 years younger sister interestingly showed bilateral hyperopic refractive error without cataracts yet. Mendeliome sequencing unraveled a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the SIL1 gene ( SIL1, NM_022464.5, c.1042dupG, p.E348Gfs*4), causing MSS. A systematic literature review revealed that cataracts appear in 96% of MSS cases with a mean onset at 3.2 years. Additional frequent ocular features were strabismus (51.6%) and nystagmus (45.2%). Conclusion: SIL1-related MSS is associated with marked clinical variability. Cataracts can develop later than neuromuscular features and cognitive signs. Since cataract is a relatively late finding, patients may refer to ophthalmologists for other reasons such as refractive errors, strabismus, or nystagmus. Molecular genetic testing for SIL1 is essential to facilitate early diagnosis in patients with suspected MSS.
Gender differences between adolescents with autism in emergency psychiatry
Authors: So Pety , Wierdsma André I , van Boeijen Christine , Vermeiren Robert RJM , Mulder Niels CL 
Published: June 2021

Adolescents, particularly those with autism spectrum disorders, increasingly use psychiatric emergency services. Such risk is further greater in girls. Available knowledge on young people with autism during crises lacks understanding of gender differences and of differences between typically developing adolescents and adolescents with autism. After psychiatric emergency consultations, we therefore compared the symptomatology and comorbidity of girls and boys with autism, and also to their typically developing male and female counterparts. We used registry data (2009–2017) on 1378 adolescents aged 12–18 years referred for urgent consultation to mobile psychiatric emergency services. This showed an increase in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder from 7.9% in 2009 to 18.1% in 2016; autistic girls showed a steeper increase than autistic boys. A higher percentage of girls than boys with autism presented with comorbid anxiety disorders and a higher risk of suicide or self-harm, while the persistence of their complaints over time was rated lower. Adolescents with autism experienced more severe impairment in overall functioning, while being diagnosed less often with comorbid disorders as compared to typically developing adolescents. Outpatient care for autistic youth should include easy access to specialized professionals to help young people with autism cope with the challenges of adolescence. Lay abstract Among adolescents seen for psychiatric emergency consultation, the percentage of adolescents with autism is increasing over the years. This applies even more to girls than to boys. We collected data of 1378 adolescents aged 12–18 years who were seen for urgent consultation by mobile psychiatric emergency services in the Netherlands. Among these, there were 64 autistic girls and 125 autistic boys. We wanted to know more about differences in problems between autistic and typical developing adolescents in crisis, both to prevent crisis and to improve services. The percentage of adolescents with autism increased over the years studied. Autistic adolescents experienced more severe impairment in functioning compared to typically developing adolescents. Compared to other adolescents, both boys and girls on the autism spectrum were diagnosed less frequently with mood disorders, behavioral disorders, relational problems, and abuse. Autistic girls had a higher suicide risk and suffered more often from anxiety disorders than autistic boys, while autistic boys had a longer history of problems. Outpatient care for children with autism should include easy access to specialized professionals who aim to reduce anxiety and help young people with autism to cope with the challenges of adolescence. Because possibly signs were missed during the emergency consultation, we recommend that as part of the routine procedure in crisis situations adolescents with autism are asked about mood and behavioral problems explicitly, as well as about negative life events.
The Effect of Psychiatric History on Pain and Related Outcomes Among Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Fox Kristen R. , Gulin Shaina L. , Bruschwein Heather M. , Rose Terra , Burker Eileen J. , Kozlowski Tomasz , Loiselle Marci M. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Living donor transplantation of kidneys accounts for one quarter of transplants performed in the United States. Careful screening of psychiatric history is a standard part of the donor evaluation. Little is known about the impact of psychiatric history on post-donation course and pain experience. Research Question: This study investigated whether psychiatric history was associated with pain and related outcomes among living kidney donors. Design: A retrospective medical record review was conducted of 75 living kidney donors who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. All donor candidates completed a psychological evaluation and were approved for donation by a multidisciplinary committee. History of psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric medication use were obtained from donors’ psychological evaluation reports. Data on pain and related outcomes (ie, history of prescribed pain medication, post-donation pain, opioid use, length of hospital stay, post-donation emergency department visits), as well as demographic and donation-related characteristics were also abstracted from medical records. Results: Psychiatric history, including current or historical psychiatric diagnosis or psychiatric medication use, in living kidney donors who were evaluated and approved for donation by a transplant psychologist was not associated with greater perceived pain, greater use of opioid pain medication in the post-operative period, longer hospital stays, or more frequent post-donation emergency department visits. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that carefully screened donors with a psychiatric history have comparable pain-related outcomes as donors without a psychiatric history. This study highlights the importance of the pre-donation psychological evaluation in promoting positive postdonation outcomes through careful selection of donor candidates.
Risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation during critical illness: A Delphi study
Authors: Bedford Jonathan P , Garside Tessa , Darbyshire Julie L , Betts Timothy R , Young J Duncan , Watkinson Peter J 
Published: June 2021

Background New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is common during critical illness and is associated with poor outcomes. Many risk factors for NOAF during critical illness have been identified, overlapping with risk factors for atrial fibrillation in patients in community settings. To develop interventions to prevent NOAF during critical illness, modifiable risk factors must be identified. These have not been studied in detail and it is not clear which variables warrant further study. Methods We undertook an international three-round Delphi process using an expert panel to identify important predictors of NOAF risk during critical illness. Results Of 22 experts invited, 12 agreed to participate. Participants were located in Europe, North America and South America and shared 110 publications on the subject of atrial fibrillation. All 12 completed the three Delphi rounds. Potentially modifiable risk factors identified include 15 intervention-related variables. Conclusions We present the results of the first Delphi process to identify important predictors of NOAF risk during critical illness. These results support further research into modifiable risk factors including optimal plasma electrolyte concentrations, rates of change of these electrolytes, fluid balance, choice of vasoactive medications and the use of preventative medications in high-risk patients. We also hope our findings will aid the development of predictive models for NOAF.