bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer survivors 75 years and older: physical, emotional and practical needs
Authors: Fitch Margaret I , Nicoll Irene , Lockwood Gina , Strohschein Fay J , Newton Lorelei 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo describe physical, emotional and practical concerns and access to help of Canadian cancer survivors aged 75+ years following treatment.MethodsA survey was designed to identify concerns and access to help across three supportive care domains for cancer survivors 1–3 years post-treatment. Random samples were drawn from 10 provincial cancer registries. Survey packages were mailed to 40 790 survivors with option to reply by mail or online in French or English. Descriptive analysis was conducted.ResultsIn total, 3274 (25%) survivors aged 75+ years responded to the survey. Fifty-five per cent were men, 72% had not experienced metastatic spread and 75% reported comorbid conditions. Eighty-one per cent reported experiencing at least one physical concern, 63% experienced at least one emotional concern and 30% experienced at least one practical concern. The most commonly reported concerns were for two physical changes (fatigue 62% and bladder/urinary problems 39%) and one emotional change (anxiety/fear of recurrence 53%). More than 50% did not receive assistance for 15 concerns across the three domains. The most frequently cited reason for not seeking help for a concern was that they were told it was normal and they did not think anything could be done. Unmet needs existed for all physical, emotional and practical changes ranging from 41% to 88% of respondents.ConclusionsMany older adults are at risk for experiencing physical, emotional and practical concerns following cancer treatment yet are not obtaining help. Action is needed for early identification of these individuals to mitigate the impact of unmet needs for older cancer survivors.
Sex differences in investigations and outcomes among patients with type 2 myocardial infarction
Authors: Kimenai Dorien M , Lindahl Bertil , Chapman Andrew R , Baron Tomasz , Gard Anton , Wereski Ryan , Meex Steven J R , Jernberg Tomas , Mills Nicholas L , Eggers Kai M 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesType 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is a heterogenous condition and whether there are differences between women and men is unknown. We evaluated sex differences in clinical characteristics, investigations and outcomes in patients with type 2 MI.MethodsIn the Swedish Web based system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) registry, we compared patients admitted to coronary care units with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 MI. Sex-stratified Cox regression models evaluated the association with all-cause death in men and women separately.ResultsWe included 57 264 (median age 73 years, 65% men) and 6485 (median age 78 years, 50% men) patients with type 1 and type 2 MI, respectively. No differences were observed in the proportion of men and women with type 2 MI who underwent echocardiography and coronary angiography, but women were less likely than men to have left ventricular (LV) impairment and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared with type 1 MI, patients with type 2 MI had higher risk of death regardless of sex (men: adjusted HR 1.55 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.67); women: adjusted HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.45)). In those with type 2 MI, the risk of death was lower for women than men (adjusted HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.92) (men, reference)).ConclusionsType 2 MI occurred in men and women equally and we found no evidence of sex bias in the selection of patients for cardiac investigations. Patients with type 2 MI had worse outcomes, but women were less likely to have obstructive CAD or severe LV impairment and were more likely to survive than men.
The Moore–Penrose inverse: a hundred years on a frontline of physics research
Authors: Baksalary Oskar Maria , Trenkler Götz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Moore–Penrose inverse celebrated its 100th birthday in 2020, as the notion standing behind the term was first defined by Eliakim Hastings Moore in 1920 (Bull Am Math Soc 26:394–395, 1920). Its rediscovery by Sir Roger Penrose in 1955 (Proc Camb Philos Soc 51:406–413, 1955) can be considered as a caesura, after which the inverse attracted the attention it deserves and has henceforth been exploited in various research branches of applied origin. The paper contemplates the role, which the Moore–Penrose inverse plays in research within physics and related areas at present. An overview of the up-to-date literature leads to the conclusion that the inverse “grows” along with the development of physics and permanently (maybe even more demonstrably now than ever before) serves as a powerful and versatile tool to cope with the current research problems.
High-order harmonic generation in hexagonal nanoribbons
Authors: Jürß Hannah , Bauer Dieter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe generation of high-order harmonics in finite, hexagonal nanoribbons is simulated. Ribbons with armchair and zig-zag edges are investigated by using a tight-binding approach with only nearest-neighbor hopping. By turning an alternating on-site potential off or on, the system describes for example graphene or hexagonal boron nitride, respectively. The incoming laser pulse is linearly polarized along with the ribbons. The emitted light has a polarization component parallel to the polarization of the incoming field. The presence or absence of a polarization component perpendicular to the polarization of the incoming field can be explained by the symmetry of the ribbons. Characteristic features in the harmonic spectra for the finite ribbons are analyzed with the help of the band structure for the corresponding periodic systems.
Factors Associated with Serious Injuries among Adolescents in Ghana: Findings from 2012 Global School Health Survey
Authors: Ackah Martin , Salifu Mohammed Gazali , Boakye Hosea 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Injuries are of public health concern and the leading cause of residual disability and death among teenagers, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Ghana, the burden of injury among adolescents is under-reported. Hence, the study sought to determine the prevalence of serious injuries (SI) and the potential factors influencing these injuries among school children in Ghana. Methods. This study was conducted in Ghana among Junior High School (JHS) and senior high school students (SHS) using the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data. The GSHS employed two-stage cluster sampling method. Serious injuries (SI) and independent factors were measured via self-administered questionnaires. Pearson chi-square test between each explanatory variable and serious injuries was conducted and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%. The significant variables from the chi-square test were selected for multiple logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The prevalence of SI in the past 12 months was 66% [CI=61.8–70.2] . The most common cause of SI was fall, 36%. The common types of injuries were cut/stab wounds and broken/dislocated bone. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, after controlling for other variables, educational level (AOR = 0.64, CI = 0.44–0.90,

p

< 0.015), suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.58, CI = 1.00–2.48,

p

< 0.002), suicidal attempt (AOR = 1.88, CI = 1.29–2.72,

p

< 0.001), having at least one close friend (AOR = 1.49, CI = 1.17–1.89,

p

< 0.002), school truancy (AOR = 1.66, CI = 1.31–2.09,

p

< 0.000), smoking marijuana (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.22–5.69), and amphetamine use (AOR = 2.95, CI = 1.46–5.69) were independently associated with SI. Conclusion. The findings of the study established a high prevalence of SI among adolescents in Ghana, with cut/stab wound and broken/dislocated bone being the most reported type of injuries. This study also revealed that factors such as educational level, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, at least one close friend, school truancy, smoking marijuana, and amphetamine use are associated with SI among the adolescents. Therefore, pragmatic interventional programs should be targeted at these factors to curb the rate of SI among junior and senior school students.
Application of Resolvability Technique to Investigate the Different Polyphenyl Structures for Polymer Industry
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Hassan Mohsan , Azeem Muhammad , Ud-Din Khan Salah , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Sharaf Mohammed A. F. , Abdelgawad Abdelatty , Awwad Emad Mahrous 
Published: April 2021

Polyphenyl is used in a variety of applications including high-vacuum devices, optics, and electronics, and in high-temperature and radiation-resistant fluids and greases, it has low volatility, ionizing radiation stability, and high thermal-oxidative properties. The structure of polyphenyls can be represented using a molecular graph, where atoms represent vertices and bonds between atom edges. In a chemical structure, an item/vertex

v

resolves two items

v

1

and

v

2

if

d

v

1

,
v

≠
d

v

2

,
v

; similarly, the ordered subset

ϕ

of vertices resolves each pair of distinct vertices named as the resolving set, and its minimum cardinality is described as metric dimension. In the pharmaceutical industry, the competition to find new chemical entities for treating a disease dictates larger project teams that encompass more extensive and diverse synthetic efforts directed at increasingly complicated activity spectra. In this paper, we determine the metric dimension of para-, meta-, and ortho-polyphenyl structures, which are used for structure-activity analysis of these polyphenyl structures.
ZEBRA: A Multicenter Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Small-Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pedersen Katrina S. , Foster Nathan R. , Overman Michael J. , Boland Patrick M. , Kim Sunnie S. , Arrambide Kathryn A. , Jaszewski Brandy L. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Graham Rondell P. , Welch Jack , Wilson Richard H. , McWilliams Robert R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Small-bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is rare, and no standard of care exists for metastatic disease beyond first-line FOLFOX/CAPOX. SBA has higher rates of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and T-lymphocyte infiltration than other gastrointestinal cancers. We hypothesize that pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, will induce antitumor response.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with previously treated advanced SBA received pembrolizumab 200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks until disease progression (PD), toxicity, or 35 doses maximum. Primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate (ORR) with secondary progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity assessment endpoints. Outcomes were stratified by tumor location, microsatellite stability (MSS) or instability (MSI-H), and PD-L1 level.

Results:
Forty patients were treated for a median duration of four cycles (range, 1–35). All patients are off study treatment due to PD (75%), death (10%), 35 cycles completed (8%), refusal (3%), and adverse effects (AEs, 5%). Three confirmed partial responses [PRs; 8%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2–20] did not meet predefined success criteria of ORR 30%. Median OS (7.1 months; 95% CI, 5.1–17.1) and median PFS (2.8 months; 95% CI, 2.7–4.2) were similar across primary tumor sites. One confirmed PR (3%) was seen in patients with low MSS/MSI tumors and correlated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB). Fifty percent of patients with MSI-H tumors achieved PR and remain alive without progression. Twenty-five patients (63%) had grade ≥3 AEs and 11 patients (28%) had grade 4/5 AEs.

Conclusions:
In the largest study of SBA to date, pembrolizumab did not induce the hypothesized response rate; however, we did identify responses in key biomarker-selected cohorts.
Genomic Landscape of Primary and Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Relation to HPV Integration, Copy-Number Variation, and DNA Damage Response Genes
Authors: Aldersley Jordan , Lorenz David R. , Mouw Kent W. , D'Andrea Alan D. , Gabuzda Dana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) has been increasing, particularly in populations with HIV. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causal factor in 85% to 90% of ASCCs, but few studies evaluated HPV genotypes and integrations in relation to genomic alterations in ASCC. Using whole-exome sequence data for primary (n = 56) and recurrent (n = 31) ASCC from 72 patients, we detected HPV DNA in 87.5% of ASCC, of which HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-6 were detected in 56%, 22%, and 33% of HIV-positive (n = 9) compared with 83%, 3.2%, and 1.6% of HIV-negative cases (n = 63), respectively. Recurrent copy-number variations (CNV) involving genes with documented roles in cancer included amplification of PI3KCA and deletion of APC in primary and recurrent tumors; amplifications of CCND1, MYC, and NOTCH1 and deletions of BRCA2 and RB1 in primary tumors; and deletions of ATR, FANCD2, and FHIT in recurrent tumors. DNA damage response genes were enriched among recurrently deleted genes in recurrent ASCCs (P = 0.001). HPV integrations were detected in 29 of 76 (38%) ASCCs and were more frequent in stage III–IV versus stage I–II tumors. HPV integrations were detected near MYC and CCND1 amplifications and recurrent targets included NFI and MUC genes. These results suggest HPV genotypes in ASCC differ by HIV status, HPV integration is associated with ASCC progression, and DNA damage response genes are commonly disrupted in recurrent ASCCs.

Implications:
These data provide the largest whole-exome sequencing study of the ASCC genomic landscape to date and identify HPV genotypes, integrations, and recurrent CNVs in primary or recurrent ASCCs.
Arterial Platelet Adhesion in Atherosclerosis‐Prone Arteries of Obese, Insulin‐Resistant Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Brown Eran , Ozawa Koya , Moccetti Federico , Vinson Amanda , Hodovan James , Nguyen The Anh , Bader Lindsay , López José A. , Kievit Paul , Shaw Gray D. , Chung Dominic W. , Osborn Warren , Fu Xiaoyun , Chen Junmei , Lindner Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Platelet–endothelial interactions are thought to contribute to early atherogenesis. These interactions are potentiated by oxidative stress. We used in vivo molecular imaging to test the hypothesis that platelet–endothelial interactions occur at early stages of plaque development in obese, insulin‐resistant nonhuman primates, and are suppressed by NADPH‐oxidase‐2 inhibition.

Methods and Results

Six adult rhesus macaques fed a Western‐style diet for a median of 4.0 years were studied at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy with the NADPH‐oxidase‐2‐inhibitor apocynin (50 mg/kg per day). Six lean control animals were also studied. Measurements included intravenous glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, carotid intimal medial thickness, carotid artery contrast ultrasound molecular imaging for platelet GPIbα (glycoprotein‐ Ibα) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and blood oxidative markers on mass spectrometry. Compared with lean controls, animals on a Western‐style diet were obese (median body mass: 16.0 versus 8.7 kg,
P
=0.003; median truncal fat: 49% versus 20%,
P
=0.002), were insulin resistant (4‐fold higher insulin–glucose area under the curve on intravenous glucose tolerance test,
P
=0.002), had 40% larger carotid intimal medial thickness (
P
=0.004), and exhibited oxidative signatures on proteomics. In obese but not lean animals, signal enhancement on molecular imaging was significantly elevated for GPIbα and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. The signal correlated modestly with intimal medial thickness but not with the degree of insulin resistance. Apocynin significantly (
P
<0.01) reduced median signal for GPIbα by >80% and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 signal by 75%, but did not affect intimal medial thickness, body mass, or intravenous glucose tolerance test results.

Conclusion
In nonhuman primates, diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance leads to platelet–endothelial adhesion at early atherosclerotic lesion sites, which is associated with the expression of pro‐inflammatory adhesion molecules. These responses appear to be mediated, in part, through oxidative pathways.
Supertagging the Long Tail with Tree-Structured Decoding of Complex Categories
Authors: Prange Jakob , Schneider Nathan , Srikumar Vivek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough current CCG supertaggers achieve high accuracy on the standard WSJ test set, few systems make use of the categories’ internal structure that will drive the syntactic derivation during parsing. The tagset is traditionally truncated, discarding the many rare and complex category types in the long tail. However, supertags are themselves trees. Rather than give up on rare tags, we investigate constructive models that account for their internal structure, including novel methods for tree-structured prediction. Our best tagger is capable of recovering a sizeable fraction of the long-tail supertags and even generates CCG categories that have never been seen in training, while approximating the prior state of the art in overall tag accuracy with fewer parameters. We further investigate how well different approaches generalize to out-of-domain evaluation sets.
The Effect of Motion Direction and Eccentricity on Vection, VR Sickness and Head Movements in Virtual Reality
Authors: Pöhlmann Katharina Margareta Theresa , Föcker Julia , Dickinson Patrick , Parke Adrian , O’Hare Louise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) experienced through head-mounted displays often leads to vection, discomfort and sway in the user. This study investigated the effect of motion direction and eccentricity on these three phenomena using optic flow patterns displayed using the Valve Index. Visual motion stimuli were presented in the centre, periphery or far periphery and moved either in depth (back and forth) or laterally (left and right). Overall vection was stronger for motion in depth compared to lateral motion. Additionally, eccentricity primarily affected stimuli moving in depth with stronger vection for more peripherally presented motion patterns compared to more central ones. Motion direction affected the various aspects of VR sickness differently and modulated the effect of eccentricity on VR sickness. For stimuli moving in depth far peripheral presentation caused more discomfort, whereas for lateral motion the central stimuli caused more discomfort. Stimuli moving in depth led to more head movements in the anterior–posterior direction when the entire visual field was stimulated. Observers demonstrated more head movements in the anterior–posterior direction compared to the medio-lateral direction throughout the entire experiment independent of motion direction or eccentricity of the presented moving stimulus. Head movements were elicited on the same plane as the moving stimulus only for stimuli moving in depth covering the entire visual field. A correlation showed a positive relationship between dizziness and vection duration and between general discomfort and sway. Identifying where in the visual field motion presented to an individual causes the least amount of VR sickness without losing vection and presence can guide development for Virtual Reality games, training and treatment programmes.
Marriage quandaries in Central Asia
Authors: Cleuziou Juliette , McBrien Julie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many Central Asians speak of marriage as important and self-evident despite the fact that marriage in practice across the region presents a more complicated story. There is not only an extensive array of practices indicated by the single term marriage and a wide variety of things accomplishes by its conclusion and duration, but many non-marital sets of relations in Central Asia similarly realise what marriage does. This may lead one to question whether there is any sense in trying to pin marriage down at all. Yet, this tension — the flexibility of marriage in form and function, and its overlap with nonmarriage on the one hand, and its abiding importance and, at times, self-evidentiary nature, on the other — we suggest, lies at the heart of marriage-as-practice in Central Asia. Following recent turns in kinship studies, and long-standing feminist traditions, this paper envisages marriage as a relational practice of legitimization rather than pinning it down as a particular content. We argue that by focusing on the act of getting married in particular, its particular efficacy, as well as the disputes, questions, and conflicts that sometime arise as a result – in short, the quandaries of getting married – we get not only at this tensional nature of marriage, but at the everyday concerns and major societal issues wrapped up in marriage in Central Asia.
“What Does Marriage Stand for?” Getting Married and Divorced in Contemporary Tajikistan
Authors: Cleuziou Juliette 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to show that marriage in Tajikistan does not have a single meaning or encapsulate a single practice. Although marriage is considered to be a crucial matter in the country, both for men and women, and is usually talked in terms of normative rules and prescriptions, marriage practices show the constant negotiations in daily life which contribute to defining what marriage is and is not, and what relations are being valued when others are discredited. Through the example of two life stories collected among “demarried” women, I argue that the heterogeneous practice of marriage reveals that it works as a practice of legitimizing one’s position in the community, but also as a means, for women, of overcoming life’s obstacles. As such, marriage comes across as a highly context-dependent practice.
New species and findings of Pagastia Oliver (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Central Asia, with DNA barcoding of known species of the genus
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A.  , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A. , PALATOV DMITRY M. 
Published: April 2021

Chironomids of the genus Pagastia Oliver (Diamesinae, Diamesini) from the mountains of Central Asia are revised using both morphological characters and molecular data. Illustrated descriptions of the adult male Pagastia (P.) caelestomontana sp. nov. from Kirgizstan and Tajikistan, P. (P.) hanseni sp. nov. from Tajikistan, and record of a finding apparently a new species P. (P.) aff. lanceolata (Tokunaga) from Tajikistan as well as an updated a key to the determination of the adult males of all known species of Pagastia are provided. A phylogenetic framework is reconstructed based on two mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of 34 samples belonging to 7 species of the genus Pagastia and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) available for most samples. Phylogenetic trees of some known species of the genus Pagastia were reconstructed using the combined dataset and Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. The interspecific K2P distances between seven Pagastia species including P. (P.) caelestomontana sp. nov., P. (P.) hanseni sp. nov. and undescribed P. (P.) aff. lanceolata (Tokunaga) are 6.3–13.2 which corresponding to species level.