bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray imaging of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities using Fresnel zone plate at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Do A. , Angulo A. M. , Hall G. N. , Nagel S. R. , Izumi N. , Kozioziemski B. J. , McCarville T. , Ayers J. M. , Bradley D. K. 
Published: May 2021

Being able to provide high-resolution x-ray radiography is crucial in order to study hydrodynamic instabilities in the high-energy density regime at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Current capabilities limit us to about 20 μm resolution using pinholes, but recent studies have demonstrated the high-resolution capability of the Fresnel zone plate optics at the NIF, measuring 2.3 μm resolution. Using a zinc Heα line at 9 keV as a backlighter, we obtained a radiograph of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities with a measured resolution of under 3 μm. Two images were taken with a time integrated detector and were time gated by a laser pulse duration of 600 ps, and a third image was taken with a framing camera with a 100 ps time gate on the same shot and on the same line of sight. The limiting factors on image quality for these two cases are the motion blur and the signal to noise ratio, respectively. We also suggest solutions to increase the image quality.
Measurement of density profile and fluctuations using a multi-channel terahertz solid-state interferometer system on Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX)
Authors: Mao Wenzhe , Wang Xingkang , Zu Yiming , Xie Jinlin , Lan Tao , Li Hong , Liu Adi , Zhou Chu , Yuan Peng , Zheng Jian , Lian Hui , Liu Wandong , Ding Weixing 
Published: May 2021

A five-chord interferometer based on terahertz solid state sources has been successfully installed on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX), a reversed field pinch machine. The optical design has been carefully optimized for the uniform distribution of beam light to fully use the limited power source (∼2 mW). By setting the telescopic mirror unit, the beam waist is located in the center of the vacuum vessel and its diameter is in the range of the Rayleigh length. The beam width across the plasma area is improved to ∼20 mm to minimize crosstalk and beam energy loss. After careful beam alignment, the phase noise for each channel can reach 0.004π. The radial profiles of electron density on the KTX are inverted, and density fluctuation associated with instabilities is shown based on the forward-scattering signals.
Electrical generation of visible surface plasmon polaritons by a nanopillars antenna array
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Hugonin Jean-Paul , Coutrot Anne-Lise , Vest Benjamin , Greffet Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2021

Electrical excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by inelastic tunneling electrons has been put forward as a potential nanosource that can be used in a variety of on-chip optoelectronic applications. In this article, we report a source based on an array of gold cylindrical antennas deposited on an alumina tunnel junction. This configuration has several merits: the junction can be operated under a high bias (&gt;3 V) so that surface plasmons can be emitted in the visible region at room temperature; the antenna controls the surface plasmon emission spectrum; the radiative power per unit area is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude compared to a planar junction.
Excellent optoelectronic applications and electrical transport behavior of the n-WO3 nanostructures/p-diamond heterojunction: a new perspective
Authors: Yao Yu , Sang Dandan , Duan Susu , Wang Qinglin , Liu Cailong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanostructured n-type metal oxides/p-type boron-doped diamond heterojunctions have demonstrated a typical rectification feature and/or negative differential resistance (NDR) potentially applied in wide fields. Recently, the fabrication and electronic transport behavior of n-WO3 nanorods/p-diamond heterojunction at high temperatures were studied by Wang et al (2017 Appl. Phys. Lett.
110 052106), which opened the door for optoelectronic applications that can operate at high-temperatures, high-power, and in various harsh environments. In this perspective, an overview was presented on the future directions, challenges and opportunities for the optoelectronic applications based on the n-WO3 nanostructures/p-diamond heterojunction. We focus, in particular, on the prospects for its high temperature NDR, UV photodetector, field emission emitters, photocatalyst and optical information storage for a wide range of new optoelectronic applications.
Immobilization of La on THH-CO2H@Fe3O4 nanocomposite for the synthesis of one‐pot multicomponent reactions
Authors: Tamoradi Taiebeh , Kal-Koshvandi AfsanehTaheri , Karmakar Bikash , Maleki Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current research represents a facile and competent methodology in the development of a novel magnetic nanocatalyst. This composite was synthesized by immobilizing La on Fe3O4 nanoparticles pre-functionalized with tetrahydroharman-3-carboxylic acid ligand. The prepared nanomaterial was analyzed with FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and TGA techniques. The material was catalytically investigated towards the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles,1-substituted 1H-tetrazoles and tetrazolopyrimidine derivatives following different multicomponent pathways. The reactions were highly efficient affording high yields. The catalyst was retrieved magnetically and recyled in six consecutive runs without much reduction in activity.
Multi-tonal subwavelength metamaterial for absorption and amplification of acoustic and ultrasonic waves
Authors: Boccaccio Marco , Fierro Gian Piero Malfense , Bucciarelli Fabrizo , Meo Michele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, an acousto-ultrasound metamaterial-based concept is proposed to achieve high multi-tonal sound absorption at specific design frequencies and their multiple harmonics, which generally requires large and complex systems. This structure can be deployed to improve the performance of air-coupled nonlinear acoustic/ultrasound imaging by filtering unwanted fundamental ultrasound responses while amplifying high order harmonics, since nonlinear ultrasonic experiments generally necessitate advanced signal processing tools digital and pass-band filters to highlight nonlinear features. The structure proposed is an Archimedean inspired spiral cavity metamaterial with a thickness of 1/62 wavelength to achieve high multi-tonal sound absorption performances at a design frequency and the multiple harmonics. The same geometrical configuration can also be used to filter a fundamental design excitation frequency f0 and amplify second harmonic of the desired excitation frequencies, 2f0. An analytical model was developed to optimise the sound absorption and amplification frequencies of the structure with a design frequency of 690 Hz, by matching the geometrical parameters with the resonance and antiresonance mechanisms of the system. Additionally, a parallel arrangement of two Archimedean-inspired spirals is also analytically and experimentally proposed, in order to achieve harmonic absorptions at the resonant frequency of each subsystem (i.e. f01 = 850 Hz, f02 = 950 Hz). Furthermore, acoustic impedance analyses have been analytically conducted in order to physically explain all the resonance and antiresonance mechanism occurring with the proposed structures. Experimental investigations show that the proposed 3D printed metamaterial-based structures are capable to achieve multi-tonal high absorption peaks (above 90%) at the fundamental frequency f0 and odd harmonics (3f0, 5f0, etc) and sound amplification of the even harmonics (2f0 and 4f0). The results show good correlation between the predicted model and experimental results, and thus the sub-wavelength metamaterial provides promising potential for controlling and achieving high level sound absorption at low frequencies and enhancing accuracy of nonlinear ultrasound imaging applications.
Influence of In-situ induction heated friction stir welding on tensile, microhardness, corrosion resistance and microstructural properties of martensitic steel
Authors: G Mohan Dhanesh , Gopi S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInduction Heated Friction Stir Welding (IH-FSW) was conducted using two varying parameters and two fixed parameters. The microstructure evaluation shows that the nugget zone’s grain size is smaller while comparing with the parent metal. Due to dynamic recrystallization during the induction heated friction stir welding, well-equiaxed grains were found in the nugget zone. The microhardness test reveals that the welded region have improved hardness than the parent metal; the high hardness was attained in the heat-affected zone. The 3 h and 24 h of weight-loss corrosion test methods were conducted using the coefficient of 0.5 M H2SO4, showing that the stir zone’s corrosion resistance is better than the parent material. The given parameter combinations obtain the best results, tool rotation of 1250 rpm, welding speed of 45 mm min−1, shoulder penetration of 0.50 mm and induction heat input of 441.8 °C at 50 W.
Completely degenerate lower-dimensional invariant tori in reversible systems
Authors: Jing Tianqi , Si Wen 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider the persistence of completely degenerate lower-dimensional invariant tori of the following reversible system

{

x
˙

=
ω
+

Q

(
x
)
z
+
ϵ

P

1

(
x
,
z
,
ϵ
)
,

z
˙

=

H

(
z
)
+
ϵ

P

2

(
x
,
z
,
ϵ
)
,

\begin{eqnarray*} \left \{ \begin {array}{l} \dot x=\omega +\mathcal {Q}(x)z+\epsilon \mathcal {P}^1(x,z,\epsilon ),\\ \dot z=\mathcal {H}(z)+\epsilon \mathcal P^2(x,z,\epsilon ),\\ \end{array} \right . \end{eqnarray*}

where

(
x
,
z
)
=
(
x
,
y
,
u
,
v
)
∈

T

n

×

R

m

×

R

×

R

(x,z)=(x,y,u,v)\in \mathbb {T}^n\times \mathbb {R}^m\times \mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R}

with

m
≥
n
+
2

m\geq n+2

,

H

(
z
)
=
(
0
,

v

2
p
+
1

+

y
m

l

,
u

y

m
−
1

q

)
T

\mathcal {H}(z)=(0,v^{2p+1}+y_m^{l},uy_{m-1}^q)^T

with

y
=
(

y
1

,
⋯
,

y

m
−
1

,

y

m

)

y=(y_1,\cdots ,y_{m-1},y_{m})

,

p
,
q
≥
0

p,q\geq 0

,

l
>
0

l>0

are integers, the involution

G
G

is

(
x
,
y
,
u
,
v
)
→
(
−
x
,
y
,
−
u
,
v
)

(x,y,u,v)\rightarrow (-x,y,-u,v)

,

Q

(
x
)

\mathcal {Q}(x)

is a

n
×
m

n\times m

matrix function,

ω
\omega

is a Diophantine frequency,

ϵ
\epsilon

is a small positive parameter and

ϵ

P

1

,

ϵ

P

2

\epsilon \mathcal {P}^1,\,\,\epsilon \mathcal {P}^2

are analytic perturbation terms. By the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser method, we prove that for sufficiently small

ϵ
\epsilon

the above reversible system admits lower-dimensional invariant tori with prescribed frequency

ω
\omega

if average of a part of

Q

(
x
)

\mathcal {Q}(x)

is non-singular. This should be the first persistence result of lower-dimensional invariant tori in completely degenerate reversible systems.
The Histopathologic Features of Sickle Cell Hepatopathy: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Saeed Omer , Panarelli Nicole , Umrau Kavita , Lee Hwajeong , Westerhoff Maria , Cheng Jerome , Lin Jingmei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Recent data on hepatic histopathology in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are lacking.

Methods
A total of 39 liver biopsies from SCD patients from 4 medical institutes were systematically evaluated.

Results
The average age of patients was 27 years; 23 were female. The majority of the patients had hemoglobin SS (33), 3 had hemoglobin SC, and 3 sickle cell trait. Elevated liver functional tests and evaluation for cirrhosis were the main indications for biopsy. At the time of biopsy, most had elevated liver transaminases or hepatomegaly. The most common histopathologic abnormalities were Kupffer cell erythrophagocytosis (76.9%), hemosiderosis (74.4%), sinusoidal dilatation (71.8%), and intrasinusoidal sickled red cells (69.3%). Portal inflammation, lobular inflammation, and bile duct injury were mild to minimal and present in a minority of cases. Advanced fibrosis was present in 28.2% of the cases.

Conclusions
The typical histopathologic features seen in patients with SCD include Kupffer cell erythrophagocytosis, hemosiderosis, sinusoidal dilatation, and intrasinusoidal sickled red cells in a pauci-inflammatory or uninflamed background. Necrosis is less common than reported in older literature. Pathologists should be aware that significant portal and lobular inflammation, interface activity, and bile duct injury are unusual and may be suggestive of other etiologies.
Feature-weighted ordinal classification for predicting drug response in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ma Ziyang , Ahn Jeongyoun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationOrdinal classification problems arise in a variety of real-world applications, in which samples need to be classified into categories with a natural ordering. An example of classifying high-dimensional ordinal data is to use gene expressions to predict the ordinal drug response, which has been increasingly studied in pharmacogenetics. Classical ordinal classification methods are typically not able to tackle high-dimensional data and standard high-dimensional classification methods discard the ordering information among the classes. Existing work of high-dimensional ordinal classification approaches usually assume a linear ordinality among the classes. We argue that manually labeled ordinal classes may not be linearly arranged in the data space, especially in high-dimensional complex problems.ResultsWe propose a new approach that can project high-dimensional data into a lower discriminating subspace, where the innate ordinal structure of the classes is uncovered. The proposed method weights the features based on their rank correlations with the class labels and incorporates the weights into the framework of linear discriminant analysis. We apply the method to predict the response to two types of drugs for patients with multiple myeloma, respectively. A comparative analysis with both ordinal and nominal existing methods demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve a competitive predictive performance while honoring the intrinsic ordinal structure of the classes. We provide interpretations on the genes that are selected by the proposed approach to understand their drug-specific response mechanisms.Availability and implementationThe data underlying this article are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ and can be accessed with accession number GSE9782 and GSE68871. The source code for FWOC can be accessed at https://github.com/pisuduo/Feature-Weighted-Ordinal-Classification-FWOC.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ptm: an R package for the study of methionine sulfoxidation and other posttranslational modifications
Authors: Aledo Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
Methionine sulfoxidation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) playing important roles in cell signaling. Herein, we present ptm, an R package for the study of this modification. However, since many of the analyses applied to methionine modification can be extended to other modifications, the package can be useful to thoroughly analyze PTMs in general. Thus, within a single software environment, ptm can integrate information from up to 11 databases covering nine modifications. Different functions can work coordinately to form pipelines allowing the programmatic analysis of thousands of proteins. Alternatively, the user can simultaneously perform different analyses on the same protein of interest, combining the results into a single output. The flexibility of ptm makes it a suitable tool to address site- and protein-centric hypotheses related to PTMs. Accompanying the package, we maintain a web page containing extended documentation and examples of the tasks that can be performed with ptm.

Availability and implementation
ptm is implemented in R. Release versions are available via CRAN and work on all major operating systems. The development version is maintained at https://bitbucket.org/jcaledo/ptm. Extended documentation can be found at https://metositeptm.com

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Multicenter Evaluation of Probiotic Use for the Primary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Heil Emily L , Harris Anthony D , Brown Clayton , Seung Hyunuk , Thom Kerri A , von Rosenvinge Erik , Sorongon Scott , Pineles Lisa , Goodman Katherine E , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a priority for hospitals. Probiotics have the potential to interfere with colonization and CDI. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) tool to prescribe probiotics for primary prevention of CDI among adult hospitalized patients.

Methods
A CCDS tool was implemented into the electronic medical record at 4 hospitals to prompt prescription of a probiotic preparation at the time of antibiotic prescription in high-risk patients in May 2019. Interrupted time series using segmented regression analysis was conducted to evaluate hospital-wide CDI incidence for the year pre- and post-CCDS implementation. In addition, multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate CDI incidence in patients who qualified for probiotics in the pre- vs post-intervention periods, adjusting for potential confounders. To adjust for potential differences in patients who received probiotics in the post-intervention period, propensity score-matched pairs were developed to evaluate CDI risk by receipt of probiotics.

Results
Quarterly CDI incidence increased over time post-intervention relative to baseline trends (slope change, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], .9–1.9). The odds ratio (OR) of CDI was 1.41 in eligible patients post-intervention compared with pre-intervention (adjusted OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11–1.79). Propensity score-matched analysis showed that patients who received probiotics did not have lower rates of CDI compared with those who did not receive probiotics (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, .87–2.45).

Conclusions
Use of probiotics for primary prevention of CDI among adult inpatients receiving antibiotics is not supported.
Shakespeare’s Cymbeline, Shaw’s Cymbeline Refinished, Kingship and the Possibility of Transformation
Authors: Kaul Mythili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The complicated closing scene of Shakespeare’s Cymbeline irritated George Bernard Shaw so much that he ‘perpetrated’ a ‘spurious Fifth Act’. His ending, however, is not a ‘variation’ on, but a reinforcing of, existing currents within Shakespeare’s text (the focus on kingship, the court and power), which is the subject of this paper.
Cymbeline and the other three Romances are not escapist. They are ‘critical Romances’, and Shakespeare uses the form/genre to make a statement on and to critique reality. They are political plays deeply ‘embroiled’ in their historical milieu, and the paper touches on the criticism of Tudor and Stuart absolutism and the constitutional questions about the monarchy that were being raised during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
The emphasis on imperial reform which informs several treatises of the period revolves around the ‘education’ of the ruler, the reinculcation of values needed to redeem the deeply tainted court. In Cymbeline and the Romances, the promise of the future resides in the younger generation, whose education takes place in the pastoral and who are instructed in those human, social and communal values which are absent from the court and which they bring back when they return, thus effecting its transformation.
Multiscale, radially anisotropic shear wave imaging of the mantle underneath the contiguous United States through joint inversion of USArray and global data sets
Authors: Porritt Robert W , Becker Thorsten W , Boschi Lapo , Auer Ludwig 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYEarthScope's USArray seismic component provided unprecedented coverage of the contiguous United States and has therefore spurred significant advances in tomographic imaging and geodynamic modelling. Here, we present a new global, radially anisotropic shear wave velocity tomography model to investigate upper mantle structure and North American Plate dynamics, with a focus on the contiguous United States. The model uses a data-adaptive mesh and traveltimes of both surface waves and body waves to constrain structure in the crust and mantle in order to arrive at a more consistent representation of the subsurface compared to what is provided by existing models. The resulting model is broadly consistent with previous global models at the largest scales, but there are substantial differences under the contiguous United States where we can achieve higher resolution. On these regional scales, the new model contains short wavelength anomalies consistent with regional models derived from USArray data alone. We use the model to explore the geometry of the subducting Farallon Slab, the presence of upper mantle high velocity anomalies, low velocity zones in the central and eastern United States and evaluate models of dynamic topography in the Cordillera. Our models indicate a single, shallowly dipping, discontinuous slab associated with the Farallon Plate, but there are remaining imaging challenges. Inferring dynamic topography from the new model captures both the long-wavelength anomalies common in global models and the short-wavelength anomalies apparent in regional models. Our model thus bridges the gap between high-resolution regional models within the proper uppermost mantle context provided by global models, which is crucial for understanding many of the fundamental questions in continental dynamics.
Consequences of model assumptions when projecting habitat suitability: a caution of forecasting under uncertainties
Authors: Hodgdon Cameron T , Mazur Mackenzie D , Friedland Kevin D , Willse Nathan , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change is continuing to influence spatial shifts of many marine species by causing changes to their respective habitats. Habitat suitability as a function of changing environmental parameters is a common method of mapping these changes in habitat over time. The types of models used for this process (e.g. bioclimate models) can be used for projecting habitat if appropriate forecasted environmental data are used. However, the input data for this process must be carefully selected as less reliable results can incite mis-management. Thus, a knowledge of the organism and its environment must be known a priori. This paper demonstrates that these assumptions about a species’ life history and the environment are critical when applying certain types of bioclimate models that utilize habitat suitability indices. Inappropriate assumptions can lead to model results that are not representative of environmental and biological realities. Using American lobster (Homarus americanus) of the Gulf of Maine as a case study, it is shown that the choice of extrapolation data, spatial scale, environmental parameters, and appropriate subsetting of the population based on life history are all key factors in determining appropriate biological realism necessary for robust bioclimate model results.