bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence fostered by systemic analysis—Seeding innovation for sustainable development
Authors: Lanhoso Fátima , Coelho Denis Alves 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe sustainability crisis entails high levels of complexity, not approachable from linear or reductionist stances. Unveiled from a holistic stance as a multilevel phenomenon characterized by qualitative novelty, emergence pertains to complex self‐organizing systems. Emergent properties and behaviors arise only when system parts interact in a wider whole. This article positions emergence for enhancing solution processes to meet sustainability challenges. It proposes the systemic approach as a catalyst for the emergence of wise creative solutions tackling wicked unsustainability problems. This requires observation and entails analyzing open systems altogether and recognizing the impact of navigating across macro‐ and micro‐scales on causal and creative emergence. Sustainable development requires circumventing past conventional practices, in an accelerated way. The emergence phenomenon at work between systems levels, coupled with purposefully structured creative processes, holds the potential for catalyzing sustainable development efforts. Systemic analysis at varying scales is to foster creative emergence aligned with sustainability‐oriented innovation.
Categories, attention, and the impact of inventions
Authors: Kovács Balázs , Carnabuci Gianluca , Wezel Filippo Carlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWhereas prior innovation and strategy literature studied how attentional and search dynamics influence the creation of inventions, we examine how these same processes affect the impact of inventions after their creation. We theorize that inventions classified in “high‐contrast” technological categories garner more attention by potential users and, hence, accrue more citations than otherwise‐equivalent inventions classified in “low‐contrast” categories. We test this hypothesis via three studies. First, we estimate citation‐count models among all USPTO patents granted between 1975 and 2010. Second, we conduct a twin patents test comparing inventions patented both at the USPTO and at the EPO. Third, we examine minute‐by‐minute search logs from a sample of USPTO examiners. These studies support our hypothesis and extend current understandings of attentional and search dynamics in the innovation process.Managerial SummaryPatents that receive more citations tend to have greater economic value and greater impact on future technological developments. We show that the number of citations a patent receives does not only depend on its inherent technological value, but also on seemingly neutral classification decisions affecting the likelihood that it will be noticed by potential future users. We test our arguments via three related studies. Our results demonstrate that inventions classified in “high‐contrast” technology classes garner considerably more attention—and hence citations—than twin‐inventions classified in “low‐contrast” classes. The key managerial implication is that, whenever feasible, nudging an invention towards higher‐contrast classes will increase its future worth. The key policy implication is that maximizing categorical contrast across technology classes will help users identify relevant prior patents.
Orthogonal Emissive Upconversion Nanoparticles: Material Design and Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gone beyond traditional fluorophores in a lot of fields due to the outstanding features such as sharp excitation and emission bands, chemical and photo stability of high quality, low auto fluorescence, and high tissue permeation depth of the near‐infrared irradiation light used for excitation. Conventional UCNPs carrying single/multiple emissions under a single excitation wavelength can be only employed in concurrent activation, orthogonal emissive upconversion nanoparticles (OUCNPs) with the emissions, a kind of luminescence reliant on excitation, in which by switching the external excitation different lanthanide activators can adopt independent way to control the emission, is more like an ideal UCNPs nanoplatform which can switch their activated emissions depending upon the different application for which it is used at the right time when necessary. This review summaries what has been achieved on the synthesis optimization of designed OUCNPs in recent years and sums up various applications including bioimaging, photo‐switching, and programmable control process. And also, the limitations OUCNPs face, and the efforts that have been made to overcome these limitations are discussed.
Molecular Engineering of Aromatic Imides for Organic Secondary Batteries
Authors: Li Lei , Yin Yan‐Jun , Hei Jin‐Pei , Wan Xin‐Jun , Li Ming‐Ling , Cui Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAromatic imides are a class of attractive organic materials with inherently electroactive groups and large π electron‐deficient scaffolds, which hold potential as electrode materials for organic secondary batteries (OSBs). However, the undecorated aromatic imides are usually plagued by low capacity, high solubility in electrolyte, and poor electronic/ionic conductivity. Molecular engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to address unsatisfying characteristics of the aromatic imides, thereby expanding their scope for applications in OSBs. In this review, the recent research progress in modulation of the capacity, dissolution, and electronic/ionic conductivity of aromatic imides for organic lithium batteries, organic sodium batteries, and redox flow batteries are summarized. In addition, the challenge and prospective of aromatic imides in organic secondary battery applications are also discussed.
Postcranial anatomy of the extinct terrestrial slothSimomylodon uccasamamensis(Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano, and its evolutionary implications
Authors: Boscaini Alberto , Toledo Néstor , Mamani Quispe Bernardino , Andrade Flores Rubén , Fernández‐Monescillo Marcos , Marivaux Laurent , Antoine Pierre‐Olivier , Münch Philippe , Gaudin Timothy J. , Pujos François 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtinct terrestrial sloths are common elements of the late Cenozoic South American fossil record. Among them, Mylodontinae species were particularly abundant in the Americas throughout the Pleistocene epoch, and their anatomy is relatively well known. In contrast, less information is available from the Neogene record and particularly from localities at low latitudes, with an additional and considerable bias in favour of craniodental rather than postcranial remains. In this contribution, we provide comparative descriptions of several postcranial bony elements ascribed toSimomylodon uccasamamensis, a moderate‐sized extinct mylodontine from the Andean Altiplano. This species was particularly abundant during latest Miocene – late Pliocene times in the high altitudes of the Andean Cordillera, and so far represents the best known mylodontine from the Neogene of South America. Its anatomy is compared with that of several extinct terrestrial sloths, with the aim of using the observed morphologies to elucidate taxonomy, phylogeny, and locomotion. From a morphofunctional perspective, the postcranium ofS. uccasamamensis is consistent with that of a terrestrial graviportal quadruped, with moderate climbing and digging capabilities.
Effect of Rice and Chickpea Flours on Physical, Textural, and Sensorial Properties of Pregelatinized Maize Starch Cake
Authors: Boz Hüseyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of replacing rice (0–15% and 30%) and chickpea flours (0–15%) by pregelatinized maize starch on physical, textural, and sensorial properties of gluten‐free pregelatinized maize starch cake. The L* and a* color values of the cakes are significantly (p < 0.01) affected by the replacement of rice and chickpea flours with pregelatinized maize starch. Cakes containing chickpea flour present darker crumbs as well as lower a* values compared with cakes containing rice flour and control cake containing only pregelatinized maize starch. The hardness significantly (p < 0.05) increases only in presence of chickpea flour. The springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness values show similar trend for all samples and these parameters increase with the addition of rice and chickpea flours. In general, the cake‐specific volume values increase with the addition of rice and chickpea flours. The sensorial parameters of the cakes significantly change with the addition of rice and chickpea flours. According to results of sensorial evaluation, the formulations containing 15% rice and 15% chickpea flours are identified as the best cake formulations. The results show that the quality of maize starch cake could be improved by adding rice and chickpea flours.
Study of using micro‐nano bubble to improve workability and durability of self‐compact concrete
Authors: Yahyaei Behnaz , Asadollahfardi Gholamreza , Salehi Amir Masoud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping self‐compacting concrete (SCC) with higher workability and durability properties by replacing mixing water with nano‐bubble without a decrease in mechanical strength is the purpose of this study. For this aim, different SCC mixtures were designed by using tap water and micro‐nano bubble and replacing silica fume, fly ash, slag, zeolite, and the mixture of fly ash and silica fume with cement. The workability, mechanical, and durability properties of the SCC mixture were tested according to ASTM and BS standards. In addition to air content test, for evaluation of the workability of SCCs, Slump flow in 10 and 60 min (for filling ability), V‐funnel, L Box, and J‐ring (for passing ability) were tested. For mechanical properties (compressive and tensile strength) and for durability of concretes (water penetration test and electrical resistivity) were tested. The workability test results indicate that using a micro‐nano bubble instead of tap water in different SCC mixture designs did not make a significant difference. But in hardened concretes, using the micro‐nano bubble increase the compressive and tensile strength of different concrete mixture designs except for SCC including fly ash and silica fume. Depth of water penetration and 30 min water adsorption for different concrete mix designs decreased compared to using tap water except for the sample contain zeolite, which increased slightly. Also, the permeability of concrete was tested by electrical resistivity. The results indicate that using the micro‐nano bubble decrease electrical resistivity and they were in the very low range (37–254 Ω‐m). The scanning electron microscope image confirmed in increasing mechanical and durability properties for a sample where used the micro‐nano bubble without pozzolans.
A Review on Heavy Metal Ions and Containing Dyes Removal Through Graphene Oxide‐Based Adsorption Strategies for Textile Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Velusamy Sasireka , Roy Anurag , Sundaram Senthilarasu , Kumar Mallick Tapas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTextile wastewater heavy metal pollution has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. Metal ion inclusion in a dye molecule exhibits a bathochromic shift producing deeper but duller shades, which provides excellent colouration. The ejection of a massive volume of wastewater containing heavy metal ions such as Cr (VI), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) and metal‐containing dyes are an unavoidable consequence because the textile industry consumes large quantities of water and all these chemicals cannot be combined entirely with fibres during the dyeing process. These high concentrations of chemicals in effluents interfere with the natural water resources, cause severe toxicological implications on the environment with a dramatic impact on human health. This article reviewed the various metal‐containing dye types and their heavy metal ions pollution from entryway to the wastewater, which then briefly explored the effects on human health and the environment. Graphene‐based absorbers, specially graphene oxide (GO) benefits from an ordered structured, high specific surface area, and flexible surface functionalization options, which are indispensable to realize a high performance of heavy metal ion removal. These exceptional adsorption properties of graphene‐based materials support a position of ubiquity in our everyday lives. The collective representation of the textile wastewater‘s effective remediation methods is discussed and focused on the GO‐based adsorption methods. Understanding the critical impact regarding the GO‐based materials established adsorption portfolio for heavy metal ions removal are also discussed. Various heavy‐metal ions and their pollutant effect, ways to remove such heavy metal ions and role of graphene‐based adsorbent including their demand, perspective, limitation, and relative scopes are discussed elaborately in the review.
SMAR1 attenuates the stemness of osteosarcoma cells via through suppressing ABCG2 transcriptional activity
Authors: Xu Hongyu , Liu Ting , Li Wenjie , Yao Qi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe promoting roles of the transcriptional regulator SMAR1 have been revealed in several tumors, such as colorectal and breast cancer, however, its roles in osteosarcoma (OS) progression are still confusing. Here, we find that SMAR1 expression is positively correlated with the overall survival of OS patients and negatively correlated with the expression of stemness markers by analyzing the online datasets. Through analyzing different Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, SMAR1 is found to be lowly expressed in OS tissues relative to that in adjacent tissues. Functional experiments indicate that SMAR1 overexpression attenuates the stemness of OS cells, characterized as the decrease of stemness marker expression, sphere‐formation ability and ALDH activity. Mechanistically, it is shown that SMAR1 increases the deacetylation level of the drug efflux pump ABCG2 via recruiting HDAC2 to the promoter of the gene coding ABCG2, and thus decreases ABCG2 transcriptional activity. Additionally, overexpression of ABCG2 rescues the inhibition of SMAR1 overexpression on the stemness of OS cells. Moreover, this SMAR1/ABCG2 axis positively regulates the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of OS cells. This work indicates that SMAR1 is a critical suppressor for OS progression through transcriptionally regulating ABCG2 expression.
Continuous gait monitoring discriminates community‐dwelling mild Alzheimer's disease from cognitively normal controls
Authors: Varma Vijay R. , Ghosal Rahul , Hillel Inbar , Volfson Dmitri , Weiss Jordan , Urbanek Jacek , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Zipunnikov Vadim , Watts Amber 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have explored whether gait measured continuously within a community setting can identify individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study tests the feasibility of this method to identify individuals at the earliest stage of AD.MethodsMild AD (n = 38) and cognitively normal control (CNC; n = 48) participants from the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center Registry wore a GT3x+ accelerometer continuously for 7 days to assess gait. Penalized logistic regression with repeated five‐fold cross‐validation followed by adjusted logistic regression was used to identify gait metrics with the highest predictive performance in discriminating mild AD from CNC.ResultsVariability in step velocity and cadence had the highest predictive utility in identifying individuals with mild AD. Metrics were also associated with cognitive domains impacted in early AD.DiscussionContinuous gait monitoring may be a scalable method to identify individuals at‐risk for developing dementia within large, population‐based studies.
Building Inclusivity and Empathy Through Writers' Workshop
Authors: Beschorner Beth , Hall Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAll children have the right to experience a safe and inclusive classroom that engages them in learning and advances equity. Writers' workshop is particularly well suited for creating a safe and inclusive space. Writers' workshop encourages children to share their own stories and listen to, learn about, and develop empathy for others. This instructional strategy can also encourage conversation about important social issues in local communities and the broader world. This article explains specific approaches that can be used within the writers' workshop framework to examine assumptions, use inclusive language, and practice respectful interactions.
Canine thyroid carcinoma prognosis following the utilisation of computed tomography assisted staging
Authors: Giannasi Chiara , Rushton Steven , Rook Alice , Steen Nele Van Den , Venier Francesca , Ward Patricia (Trish) , Bell Rory , Trevail Tim , Lamb Valerie , Eiras Aldara , Ellis Jenny , Roberts Emma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:Metastatic disease is frequently present at the time of diagnosis of canine thyroid carcinoma; however, utilisation of computed tomography (CT) alone for staging pre‐treatment has been rarely reported in the veterinary literature.Methods:The aims of this retrospective study were to stage affected dogs using CT findings of the cervical and thoracic regions, combined with histopathology/cytology results, in order to assess whether metastatic disease/WHO staging was of prognostic significance.Results:Fifty‐eight dogs were included in the study. Classification of cases into WHO stages I, II, III and IV were 10%, 50%, 9% and 31%, respectively. No statistically significant effect of WHO stage classification on overall survival/follow‐up time was found (P= .576). Surgery resulted in a statistically significant increase in overall survival/follow‐up time (P< .01). There was no statistically significant effect on overall survival/follow‐up time in dogs that received medical therapy, either as sole therapy or as an adjunctive post‐surgery (P= .198).Conclusion:In summary, this study documents the metastatic rate of canine thyroid carcinoma using CT for staging pre‐treatment. Staging utilising CT revealed a higher distant metastatic rate in dogs with thyroid carcinoma when compared to historical studies using different imaging techniques. As long‐term outcomes are possible for cases with advanced disease, surgical intervention could still be considered.
Current understanding of subsurface transport of micro‐ and nanoplastics in soil
Authors: Yu Yingxue , Flury Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnvironmental problems caused by plastic pollution in terrestrial systems have received increasing attention, especially the issues related to micro‐ and nanoplastics. Soils are a major receptacle and reservoir of plastics, and accumulated plastics can negatively affect soil health. In this short review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of subsurface transport of micro‐ and nanoplastics in soils. We discuss the fundamental transport mechanisms for micro‐ and nanoplastics and highlight the peculiarities of environmentally relevant micro‐ and nanoplastics. Plastic particles >10 μm are generally filtered out in soil, but smaller plastic particles have the potential to move through soil. Larger plastics in soil will break down into micro‐ and nanoplastics over time due to environmental weathering reactions, making the plastics more prone to subsurface transport. Moreover, interactions with microorganisms and dissolved organic matter may render micro‐ and nanoplastics more hydrophilic, thereby facilitating subsurface transport. Further, soil organisms can move plastic particles by bioturbation, and plastics themselves can affect soil hydraulic properties. Although much of the past research has focused on transport of pristine plastic particles, focus should be given to environmentally relevant plastics, considering the complexities of irregular shape, polydisperse size, and heterogenous surface properties, as well as the temporal changes of these properties caused by continuous environmental modifications.
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 2
Authors: Kattel Giri , Reeves Jessica , Western Andrew , Zhang Wenjing , Jing Wei , McGowan Suzanne , Cuo Lan , Scales Peter , Dowling Kim , He Qiang , Wang Lei , Capon Samantha , Pan Zenghui , Cui Jiansheng , Zhang Lulu , Xiao Luo , Liu Chun , Zhang Ke , Gao Chuanyu , Tian Zaifeng , Liu Yongding 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Focus Article Healthy waterways and ecologically sustainable cities in Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration (northern China): Challenges and future directions by Giri Kattel et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1500.
image
Nucleopincers? Rhodium Complexes of Pyrimidine‐centered PNP Pincer Ligands Derived from Nitrogenous Nucleobases Uracil and Thymine
Authors: Gunther S. Olivia , Kosanovich Alex J. , Cao Yihan , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Ozerov Oleg V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of PONOP ligands from uracil and thymine. Rhodium chloride complexes of the ligands were synthesized and characterized by solution NMR and solid‐state X‐Ray crystallography. Cationic CO complexes were generated in situ to understand the electronic properties of these ligands and it was found that these are among the least donating of the neutral PNP type ligands at this time.
Preparation of a reference material for microplastics in water—evaluation of homogeneity
Authors: Seghers John , Stefaniak Elzbieta A. , La Spina Rita , Cella Claudia , Mehn Dora , Gilliland Douglas , Held Andrea , Jacobsson Ulf , Emteborg Håkan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractValidation of analytical methods for measurements of microplastics (MP) is severely hampered because of a general lack of reference materials, RM. There is a great need to develop such reference materials. This study presents a concept of three-component kit with immobilised MP in solid NaCl, a surfactant and clean water that can be applied for the production of many types of MP RMs. As proof of concept, an RM for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles in water was prepared and evaluated for its homogeneity. The particles ranged from 30 μm (Feretmin) to about 200 μm adapted by wet sieving. A specific number of PET particles were immobilized in about 0.29 g of solid NaCl by freeze-drying 1 mL of a NaCl suspension. By using manual and automated counting, twenty reconstituted 1-L water samples were evaluated for homogeneity with respect to number of PET particles from 30 μm to > 200 μm/L of water. The number of particles was 730 ± 120 (mean ± one standard deviation (SD); n = 10) and 865 ± 155 particles (n = 10) obtained by optical microscopy in two independent laboratories. This corresponded to relative SDs of 16.4 and 17.9% and a mean of 797 ± 151 particles (18.9% RSD, for n = 20). Homogeneity studies of the NaCl carrier without reconstitution resulted in 794 ± 60 particles (7.5% RSD). The homogeneity of PET in the salt carrier was also evaluated directly with respect to mass of PET per vial using an ultra-micro balance. An average mass of 293 ± 41 μg of PET was obtained (14, % RSD for n = 14). Micrographs were recorded to demonstrate the absence of major sources of contamination of the RM components. Information about the particle size distribution and particle shapes was obtained by laser diffraction (LD) and dynamic image analysis (DIA). In addition, the identity of the PET polymer was confirmed by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The RM was developed for a large-scale inter-laboratory comparison of PET particles in water (ILC). Based on the homogeneity results, the material was found to be sufficiently homogeneous to be of meaningful use in the ILC. In a 3-day process, more than 500 samples of PET particles in the NaCl carrier were prepared with good potential for further upscaling with respect to the number of vials or with other kinds of polymers. The stability of PET was not evaluated but it was deemed to be stable for the duration of the ILC.