bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability and complexity: Knowledge and authority in the digital humanities
Authors: Drucker Johanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concepts of sustainability touch every aspect of scholarly work and are particularly urgent in thinking about those practices that depend on digital technology. The costs of digital scholarship are frequently posed in terms of human labor and rights abuses, ecological and environmental damage, carbon footprints, waste of resources associated with obsolescence, and other issues that affect every stage of the lifecycle of production. But sustainability also needs to be understood as an epistemic concept embedded in complex systems, not merely as a set of problems to be solved through instrumental means applied to operational logistics. This article addresses mechanistic approaches to sustainability, while suggesting that the complexity of the concept of sustainability requires the humanistic methods and ethical principles to be engaged in decisions about future practices in pedagogy, research, and institutional sites.
Observational manifestations of ‘cosmological dinosaurs’ at redshifts z ∼ 20
Authors: Dubrovich V K , Eroshenko Yu N , Grachev S I 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We consider a primordial black hole of very high mass, $10^9\!-\!10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, surrounded by the dark matter and bayonic halo at redshifts z ∼ 20 without any local sources of energy release. Such heavy and concentrated objects in the early Universe were previously called ‘cosmological dinosaurs’. Spectral distribution and spatial variation of the brightness in the 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen are calculated with the theory of radiation transfer. It is shown that a narrow and deep absorption arises in the form of the spherical shell around the primordial black hole at the certain radius. The parameters of this shell depend almost exclusively on the mass of the black hole. The angular diameter 18 arcsec of the absorption ring at z ∼ 20 is well within the current technical possibilities of the Square Kilometre Array type telescopes. But the observation of the ring width itself requires an order of magnitude better resolution.
How to empirically model star formation in dark matter haloes – I. Inferences about central galaxies from numerical simulations
Authors: Chen Yangyao , Mo H J , Li Cheng , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We use TNG and EAGLE hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the central galaxy–dark matter halo relations that are needed for a halo-based empirical model of star formation in galaxies. Using a linear dimension reduction algorithm and a model ensemble method, we find that for both star-forming and quenched galaxies, the star formation history (SFH) is tightly related to the halo mass assembly history (MAH). The quenching of a low-mass galaxy is mainly due to the infall-ejection process related to a nearby massive halo, while the quenching of a high-mass galaxy is closely related to the formation of a massive progenitor in its host halo. The classification of star-forming and quenched populations based solely on halo properties contains contamination produced by sample imbalance and overlapping distributions of the two populations. Guided by the results from hydrodynamic simulations, we build an empirical model to predict the SFH of central galaxies based on the MAH of their host haloes, and we model the star-forming and quenched populations separately. Our model is based on the idea of adopting star formation templates from hydrodynamic simulations to reduce model complexity. We use various tests to demonstrate that the model can recover SFHs of individual galaxies, and can statistically reproduce the galaxy bimodal distribution, stellar mass–halo mass and star formation rate–halo mass relations from low to high redshift, and assembly bias. Our study provides a framework of using hydrodynamic simulations to discover, and to motivate the use of, key ingredients to model galaxy formation using halo properties.
Genome Sequence Resource of Phytophthora vignae, the Causal Agent of Stem and Root Rot of Cowpea
Authors: Yang Chengdong , Lin Lianyu , Bao Jiandong , Wang Zhixin , Li Zhiting , Guo Hengyuan , Lv Lin , Yu Dan , Chen Qinghe 
Published: March 2021

The causal agent of stem and root rot of cowpea, Phytophthora vignae, is a widely distributed species of the Phytophthora genus. Here, we generate a high-quality complete genome assembly of P. vignae PSY2020 (89.39 Mb, N50 2.99 Mb) from China, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing. The genome assembly completeness as evaluated by benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs was 94.51% at the eukaryote level. We identified 42.54% as repeat sequences and a total of 20,536 protein-encoding genes, of which 15,184 genes could be annotated. And we also identified 924 candidate RXLR effectors in the genome assembly. The described genome sequence will provide a valuable resource for better understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms of P. vignae and help in uncovering phylogenetical classification of Phytophthora species. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2021.
Antifungal Activity and Possible Mode of Action of Ningnanmycin Against Tea Gray Blight Disease Pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis
Authors: Yang Rui , Jiang Shilong , Wen Xiaodong , Song Xingchen , Wang Xue , Li Dongxue , Yin Qiaoxiu , Wu Xian , Wang Delu , Chen Zhuo 
Published: March 2021

Gray blight is a serious disease of tea (Camellia sinensis) for which there is currently no effective control or preventive measure apart from fungicides. Screening for effectiveness of a natural antimicrobial against this pathogen and identifying its mode of action could contribute to the management of this disease. Antifungal activity of the antimicrobial ningnanmycin (NNM) from Streptomyces noursei var. xichangensis against the pathogen causing gray blight disease, Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis strain GZHS-2017-010, was confirmed in vitro by the mycelial growth rate method. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe morphological changes in hyphae of P. camelliae-sinensis treated with NNM. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to identify genes in the hyphae that were differentially expressed in response to treatment with NNM. Thirty-eight genes from 16 pathways, known as targets of antifungal agents, were used to investigate gene expression in hyphae at the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), EC30, and EC70 for 1, 7, or 14 h. The results indicated that NNM can inhibit the growth of hyphae in vitro, with an EC50 of 75.92 U/ml, inducing morphological changes in organelles, septa, and extracellular polysaccharides, targeting ribosomes to disturb translation in protein synthesis and influencing some biosynthetic functions of the hyphae.
Comparison of pulse wave analysis parameters by oscillometry in hypertensive diabetic and nondiabetic patients in a Brazilian outpatient care
Authors: Resende Luiz Antonio Pertili Rodrigues , Silva Marco Antonio Vieira , Resende José Augusto Mantovani , Resende Elisabete Aparecida Mantovani Rodrigues , Silva Valdo José Dias , Correia Dalmo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Pulse wave analysis is an emerging approach that analyzes parameters comprising strong predictors of cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality, especially in patients with high CV risk based on established risk factors. This study used the oscillometric method, provided by the Mobil-o-Graph (PWA-EMI GmbH, Stolberg, Germany) device, to compare data regarding the pulse wave analysis parameters in hypertensive nondiabetic and diabetic patients.

Material and methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 276 individuals were examined in the academic hypertension outpatient care unit of the Federal University of the Triângulo, in Mineiro, Brazil, from January to December 2016. The pulse wave analysis was performed by oscillometry, and its parameters were acquired from all patients.

Results:
Of the 276 patients, 99 were diabetic and 177 nondiabetic. The mean systolic and pulse central blood pressure were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients (P = .008 and.0003, respectively). The mean peripheral systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were also significantly higher in the diabetic group (P = .001 and P < .0001, respectively). The average pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s) was 9.4 ± 1.6 and 8.8 ± 1.6 in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, respectively (P = .003).

Conclusion:
The group of hypertensive diabetic patients had significantly higher central blood pressure, peripheral blood pressure, and PWV than the hypertensive nondiabetic patients. The patients with overlapping established CV risk factors presented values of the pulse wave analysis parameters consistent with higher central pressure and greater arterial stiffness.
Terbinafine Hydrochloride Combined With Itraconazole for Fungal Skin Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Dongxing , Liao Wanqing , Chen Canhua , Lai Hongtao , Liu Shi 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Terbinafine and itraconazole are the common antifungal drugs in clinic. In vitro experiments proved that terbinafine combined with itraconazole achieves better antifungal effects. However, clinical study addressing this issue was still scarce.

Study Question:
Terbinafine combined with itraconazole achieves better therapeutic effects in fungal skin diseases.

Study Design:
Approximately 178 patients with fungal skin diseases from Meizhou People's Hospital, China, between October 2016 and October 2017 were admitted to this study. Patients were randomly distributed to 3 groups by randomly selecting random numbers and were treated with terbinafine, itraconazole, monotherapy, or combined therapy. Both patients and study investigators were unaware of grouping situations during experiments. Fifteen patients were excluded due to poor compliance, and 11 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Finally, 152 patients were analyzed for this study.

Measures and Outcomes:
The therapeutic effects were evaluated by clinic symptom scores, mycology examination, the cure rate, and the cure time. Adverse events, relapse of disease, and patient's satisfaction level were recorded during follow-up.

Results:
In the terbinafine + itraconazole group, at 14 days after treatment, the symptom scores were significantly decreased, compared with the terbinafine or itraconazole group (P
1 < 0.05, P
2 < 0.05). At 28 days after treatment, the fungal infection of 37 patients was eradicated, which were significantly more than 26 patients in the terbinafine group and 19 patients in the itraconazole group (P
1 < 0.05, P
2 < 0.05). The terbinafine + itraconazole group also exhibited 100% cure rate of patients with fungal skin diseases, shorter cure time, and increased number of cured patients during the same treatment period, which was better than terbinafine or itraconazole monotherapy (P
1 < 0.05, P
2 < 0.05). In addition, no adverse events and no relapse of fungal disease were reported in the terbinafine + itraconazole group during follow-up. Ninety-eight percent patients were satisfied with the therapeutic effects of combined treatment.

Conclusions:
Compared with terbinafine or itraconazole monotherapy, terbinafine + itraconazole combined treatment achieves better therapeutic effects in fungal skin diseases.
A Review of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Management and Treatment
Authors: Hasan Zubair 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was first described in 1967, but its definition has evolved considerably since then. ARDS is defined as the onset of hypoxemia, tachypnea, and loss of lung compliance due to some stimulus. In the United States, the incidence of ARDS has been growing because it is being increasingly recognized. The incidence of ARDS has also gone up recently due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Areas of Uncertainty:
To date, there is no known one treatment for ARDS. Multiple studies have looked into various causes of ARDS, pathophysiology, and ventilation and management strategies. However, there is still considerable variability in the treatment and management of these patients from institution to institution.

Data Sources:
A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar. Publications describing the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment were included in this review.

Results:
The definition of ARDS has evolved over the years. The most recent and agreed upon diagnostic criteria are based on the Berlin criteria for ARDS. Management of patients with ARDS includes low tidal volume ventilation, prone ventilation, paralysis in certain patient populations, and perhaps extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This also applies to patients with ARDS due to COVID-19.

Conclusions:
Patients with ARDS have a high mortality due to the incredibly complex disease process. Because of the complexity of ARDS, the management and treatment is equally as difficult. This article reviews some of the strategies used to date, including the role of ECMO, and includes some society recommendations. Further research must be done into which methods best guide lung ventilation in severe ARDS and patients on ECMO.
Interventional Pulmonology: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Bronchoscopy
Authors: Agrawal Abhinav 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly evolving subspecialty of pulmonary medicine that offers advanced consultative and procedural services to patients with airway diseases, pleural diseases, as well as in the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic malignancy.

Areas of Uncertainty:
The institution of lung cancer screening modalities as well as the search of additional minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment modalities for lung cancer and other chronic lung diseases has led to an increased focus on the field of interventional pulmonology. Rapid advancements in the field over the last 2 decades has led to development of various new minimally invasive bronchoscopic approaches and techniques for patients with cancer as well as for patients with chronic lung diseases.

Data Sources:
A review of literature was performed using PubMed database to identify all articles published up till October 2020 relevant to the field of interventional pulmonology and bronchoscopy. The reference list of each article was searched to look for additional articles, and all relevant articles were included in the article.

Therapeutic Advances:
Newer technologies are now available such navigation platforms to diagnose and possibly treat peripheral pulmonary nodules, endobronchial ultrasound in diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar adenopathy as well as cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases. In addition, flexible and rigid bronchoscopy continues to provide new and expanding ability to manage patients with benign and malignant central airway obstruction. Interventions are also available for diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and emphysema that were traditionally treated with medical management alone.

Conclusions:
With continued high quality research and an increasing body of evidence, interventional bronchoscopy has enormous potential to provide both safe and effective options for patients with a variety of lung diseases.
Early estimates of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant emergence in a university setting
Authors: Johnson Kaitlyn E. , Woody Spencer , Lachmann Michael , Fox Spencer J. , Klima Jessica , Hines Terrance S. , Meyers Lauren Ancel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent identification of the highly transmissible novel SARS-CoV-2 variant in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7) has raised concerns for renewed pandemic surges worldwide 1,2. B.1.1.7 was first identified in the US on December 29, 2020 and may become dominant by March 2021 3. However, the regional prevalence of B.1.1.7 is largely unknown because of limited molecular surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 4. Quantitative PCR data from a surveillance testing program on a large university campus with roughly 30,000 students provides local situational awareness at a pivotal moment in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Structural Analysis of Spike Protein Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 P.3 Variant
Authors: Bascos Neil Andrew D. , Mirano-Bascos Denise , Saloma Cynthia P. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTA SARS-CoV-2 lineage designated as P.3 with multiple signature mutations in the Spike protein region was recently reported with cases from the Central Visayas Region of the Philippines. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the 33 samples under this lineage all contain the E484K, N501Y, and P681H Spike mutations previously found in variants of concern (VOC) such as the B.1.351, the P.1 and B.1.1.7 variants first reported in South Africa, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, respectively. The possible implications of the mutations found in the Spike protein of P.3 were analyzed for their potential effects on structure, stability, and molecular surface character. The analysis suggests that these mutations could significantly impact the possible interactions of the Spike protein with the ACE2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies, and warrants further clinical investigation. Some of the mutations affecting the N and C terminal domains may have effects on Spike monomer and trimer stability. This report provides insights on relevant targets for the design of future diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Philippines.
Protocol for disease-oriented Russian disc degeneration study (RuDDS) biobank facilitating functional omics studies of lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: Leonova Olga N. , Elgaeva Elizaveta E. , Golubeva Tatiana S. , Peleganchuk Alexey V. , Krutko Aleksandr V. , Aulchenko Yurii S. , Tsepilov Yakov A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionLumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) disease is one of the main risk factors for low back pain. The social and economic importance of low back pain is very high: back pain is among the leading causes of absenteeism and the cost of treating back pain exceeds the cost of treatment of many other serious diseases (cancer, in particular); however, therapy does not always provide the desired result. Despite the variability of biological studies of lumbar DD, it is still not fully understood, partially due to the fact that there are only few studies using systematic and integrative approaches. Hence, more integrative omics studies are needed to link all pieces of knowledge together, build a complete picture of biology of lumbar DD and obtain a deeper understanding of the processes underlying this pathology.Methods and analysisThis disease-oriented biobank to study lumbar disc degeneration will be recruited from two clinical centers. A total of 1100 participants with available lumbar MRI will be enrolled during the three-year period. General information about a patient, medical history, lumbar MRI parameters and biological material (whole blood and plasma) will be collected in the centers at baseline. Then, from those patients, who will undergo a spine surgery during the treatment, disc tissue samples will be gained. Eventually, postoperative clinical data will be collected from operated patients during the follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be performed according to the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of NRITO (№034/20 dated 02 Oct 2020) and by the Local Ethical Committee of Priorov CITO (№1/21 dated 25 Feb 2021). Preliminary and final results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals, at national and international congresses.Trial registration numberNCT04600544ARTICLE SUMMARYSTRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDYTwo-center and multiple-discipline study: the study includes two centers (Moscow in the European and Novosibirsk in the Asian part of Russia), with research teams specializing in following fields: (1) clinical aspects of lumbar disc degeneration disease, (2) biology and genetics of pain, (3) generation of omics data and (4) multi-omics data analysisCollection of variable biological material: whole blood, plasma and, for part of the participants, intraoperative material of the lumbar disc (with different DD status) will be available for omics studiesObjective diagnosis: lumbar DD status is confirmed by MRI, not self-reported diagnosisSample size is limited compared to nationwide biobanksPatients with severe lumbar DD status will be more prevalent in the biobank than these with mild or no lumbar DD compared to the general population
Uterine fluid transcriptome as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting endometrial receptivity
Authors: He Aihua , Wu Hong , Zou Yangyun , Wan Cheng , Zhao Jing , Zhang Qiong , Liu Nenghui , Liu Donge , Li Yumei , Fu Jing , Li Hui , Huang Xi , Yang Tianli , Hu Chunxu , Hou Zhaojuan , Sun Yue , Dong Xin , Wu Jian , Lu Sijia , Li Yanping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe synchrony between the embryo and the receptive endometrium is essential for successful implantation. Therefore, a reliable non-invasive ER prediction method is highly demanded. We aimed to establish a method that could be used to predict endometrium receptivity non-invasively and to evaluate its clinical application potential in patients undergoing IVF.MethodsThe non-invasive RNA-seq based endometrial receptivity test (nirsERT) was established by sequencing and analyzing the RNA of uterine fluid from 48 IVF patients with normal ER. Subsequently, 22 IVF patients were recruited and analyzed the correlation between the predicted results of nirsERT and pregnancy outcomes.Results87 marker genes and 3 hub genes were selected to establish the nirsERT. 10-fold cross-validation resulted in a mean accuracy of 93.0%. A small cohort retrospective observation showed that 77.8% (14/18) of IVF patients predicted with normal WOI had successful intrauterine pregnancies, while none of the 3 patients with displaced WOI had successful pregnancy.ConclusionsnirsERT is potential for a non-invasive, accurate and same cycle testing for ER in reproductive clinic.FundingFunded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 8187061497) and the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China (grant no. 2018YFC1004800).Clinical trial numberChiCTR-DDD-17013375.