bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of altered flow regimes on aquatic primary producer communities: Diatoms and macrophytes
Authors: Goldenberg‐Vilar Alejandra , Delgado Cristina , Peñas Francisco J. , Barquín José 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRivers are intensively managed worldwide through unprecedented flow regime alterations on a global scale. This has led to an increasing interest in the development of quantitative tools to assess the ecological response of organisms to flow alteration. To date, studies reflect a large diversity of responses that make the intensity and prevalence of effects difficult to generalize. The present study analysed how flow alterations caused by dams affect the structure, composition and traits of diatoms and macrophytes in three Spanish river basins (Cantabric, Ebro and Duero). By using a control‐impact design based mainly in hydrological similarity, our results showed consistent patterns of change in diatom and macrophyte communities. Our study showed a shift from resistant traits such as non‐colonial diatom forms and crust‐forming algae, which are adapted to the extreme events and natural dynamism of unregulated rivers, towards planktonic diatoms, free‐floating algae and the mass development of aquatic plants in hydrological altered sites. Both communities shared common thresholds of response to altered hydrological attributes that could be considered in a flow management context. The hydrological indices that impacted diatom and macrophyte communities the most were related with the magnitude and duration of minimum flows. However, our results also show that it is important to consider the interrelationships between the different hydrological attributes such as the seasonal variability of monthly flows, the magnitude of maximum annual extremes, the timing of flow events, and the frequency and rate of flow changes.
Identifying climate‐resistant vernal pools: Hydrologic refugia for amphibian reproduction under droughts and climate change
Authors: Cartwright Jennifer , Morelli Toni Lyn , Grant Evan H. Campbell 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVernal pools of the northeastern United States provide important breeding habitat for amphibians but may be sensitive to droughts and climate change. These seasonal wetlands typically fill by early spring and dry by mid‐to‐late summer. Because climate change may produce earlier and stronger growing‐season evapotranspiration combined with increasing droughts and shifts in precipitation timing, management concerns include the possibility that some pools will increasingly become dry earlier in the year, potentially interfering with amphibian life‐cycle completion. In this context, a subset of pools that continues to provide wetland habitat later into the year under relatively dry conditions might function as ecohydrologic refugia, potentially supporting species persistence even as summer conditions become warmer and droughts more frequent. We used approximately 3000 field observations of inundation from 449 pools to train machine‐learning models that predict the likelihood of pool inundation based on pool size, day of the year, climate conditions, short‐term weather patterns, and soil, geologic and landcover attributes. Models were then used to generate predictions of pool wetness across five seasonal time points, three short‐term weather scenarios and four sets of downscaled climate projections. Model outputs are available through a website allowing users to choose the inundation thresholds, time points, weather scenarios and future climate projections most relevant to their management needs. Together with long‐term monitoring of individual pools at the site scale, this regional‐scale study can support amphibian conservation by helping to identify which pools may be most likely to function as ecohydrologic refugia from droughts and climate change.
Yield and costs of molecular diagnostics on thyroid cytology slides in the Netherlands, adapting the Bethesda classification
Authors: Aydemirli Mehtap Derya , Snel Marieke , van Wezel Tom , Ruano Dina , Obbink Christianne M. H. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Schepers Abbey , Morreau Hans 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate our institutional experience with molecular diagnostics (MD) on thyroid cytology smears, evaluate the costs and describe MD guided clinical management of indeterminate Bethesda III/V thyroid nodules.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 164 Bethesda III or V thyroid cytopathology reports subjected to MD from 2013 to 2020, that altered Bethesda classification or management. MD consisted of mutation and gene fusion analysis by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of morphologically analysed and selected cytological slides. Findings were modelled to nationwide data on Bethesda incidences from ‘the Dutch Pathology Registry’ PALGA, and costs were estimated.Results82 of 164 cases received an upgrade in Bethesda class. Twenty cases changed from Bethesda III to IV/V, 62 from Bethesda III or V to VI, and 72 remained unaltered. We estimate net savings with implementing MD, by preventing 454 repeat cytology and 326 (diagnostic) hemithyroidectomies, to be at least 2 million Euro annually in the Netherlands. Per Bethesda III and V patient, net savings would be about 100 Euro and 4100 Euro, respectively.ConclusionNGS‐based MD on nucleic acids extracted directly from cytology slides is a feasible and cost saving tool for personalized management in indeterminate Bethesda III/V thyroid cytology. Based on the interpretation of our retrospective data, we assume that this approach results in less disease burden for the patient, reduced surgical interventions and complication risks, reduced sick leave, among others. Further evaluation of structural implementation of the presented approach in routine thyroid Bethesda III/V cytology in a prospective setting is warranted.
Capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics: Advances and applications in the period February 2019–February 2021
Authors: Valdés Alberto , Álvarez‐Rivera Gerardo , Socas‐Rodríguez Bárbara , Herrero Miguel , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents a revision of the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Articles that were published during the period February 2019‐February 2021 are included. The work shows the multiple CE methods that have been developed and applied to analyze different types of molecules in foods. Namely, CE methods have been applied to analyze amino acids, biogenic amines, carbohydrates, chiral compounds, contaminants, DNAs, food additives, heterocyclic amines, lipids, secondary metabolites, peptides, pesticides, phenols, pigments, polyphenols, proteins, residues, toxins, vitamins, small organic and inorganic compounds, as well as other minor compounds. The last results on the use of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing, including recent microchips developments and new applications of CE in Foodomics, are discussed too. The new procedures of CE to investigate food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage and bioactivity are also included in the present review work.
Experimental investigation of pulse‐type ground motion effects on a steel building with nonlinear viscous dampers
Authors: Dong Baiping , Ricles James M. , Phillips Brian M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNear‐fault pulse‐type ground motions have characteristics that are substantially different from ordinary far‐field ground motions. It is essential to understand the unique effects of pulse‐type ground motions on structures and include the effects in seismic design. This paper investigates the effects of near‐fault pulse‐type ground motions on the structural response of a 3‐story steel structure with nonlinear viscous dampers using the real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) testing method. The structure is designed for 75% of the code‐specified design base shear strength. In the RTHS, the loop of action and reaction between the experimental and numerical partitions are executed in real time, accurately capturing the velocity pulse effects of pulse‐type ground motions. A set of 10 unscaled pulse‐type ground motions at the design basis earthquake (DBE) level is used for the RTHS. The test results validated that RTHS is a viable method for experimentally investigating the complicated structural behavior of structures with rate‐dependent damping devices, and showed that the dampers are essentially effective in earthquake hazard mitigation effects involving pulse‐type ground motions. The average peak story drift ratio under the set of pulse‐type ground motions is 1.08% radians with a COV value less than 0.3, which indicated that structural system would achieve the ASCE 7–10 seismic performance objective for Occupancy Category III structures under the DBE level pulse‐type ground motions. Additionally, a nonlinear Maxwell model for the nonlinear viscous dampers is validated for future structural reliability numerical studies involving pulse‐type ground motions.
Computational Study of Benzosultam Formation through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Ammoniumation/Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
Authors: Pertschi Romain , de Aguirre Adiran , Pale Patrick , Blanc Aurélien , Poblador Bahamonde Amalia I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Au(I)‐catalyzed reactions of (2‐alkynyl)phenylsulfonyl azetidines bearing terminal and non‐terminal alkynes in the presence of methanol as protic nucleophile to form benzosultams derivatives were studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our study highlights that gold(I) catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the nitrogen on the alkyne is favored over the direct ring opening of the azetidine by methanol, confirming the ammonium‐based mechanism. In addition, the reverse regioselectivity observed experimentally where non‐terminal alkynes favors the formation of 6‐endo‐dig‐benzosultams while terminal alkynes favor 5‐exo‐dig products is also explored through two different scenarios. The first one embraces the classical activation of the alkyne by a single Au(I) species while the second one tackles the formation of a σ,π‐digold acetylide complex. Calculations identify both pathways as competitive although only mono Au(I) complexes can lead to final products, in good agreement with experimental observation. Further details on the importance of the presence of an excess of the protic nucleophile on the protodemetallation step and the final aminal formation is also discussed.
Betulinic acid abates N‐nitrosodimethylamine‐induced changes in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats
Authors: Adeleke Gbadebo E. , Adaramoye Oluwatosin A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN‐nitrosamines have been linked with cancer in humans due to their presence in drinking water and diets. This study evaluated the role of betulinic acid (BA) in abating oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia in rats treated with N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Twenty‐four male rats were assigned into four equal groups. Group I served as the control, Group II received BA (25 mg/kg), Group III received NDMA (5 mg/kg) and, Group IV received BA (25 mg/kg) and NDMA (5 mg/kg). Results showed that the administration of NDMA significantly (p < 0.05) elevated malondialdehyde in the liver and kidney relative to controls. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase, and the level of glutathione were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by NDMA, while treatment with BA elevated the activities of these enzymes in the liver and kidney. The BA lowered serum interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels against the NDMA effect. Furthermore, NDMA increased hepatic and renal triglyceride while phospholipids levels were decreased. NDMA significantly modulated the activities of drug‐metabolizing enzymes (aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine‐N‐demethylase, and uridyldiphosphoglucuronyltransferase), while BA was able to restore these enzymes to values close to controls. Histology revealed the presence of infiltration and fibroplasia in the liver, while cortical degeneration was noticed in the kidney in NDMA‐administered rats. These lesions were reduced in the NDMA rats treated with BA. The findings suggest that BA improves NDMA‐induced damage in the liver and kidney of rats through reactions that can be linked with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and lipid‐lowering pathways.
Efficiencies of anaerobic hybrid and UASB reactors to alleviate the adverse effect of elevated salinity in wastewater
Authors: Hudayah Nasrul , Krainara Saowaluk , Kongduan Varunee , Chaiprasert Pawinee , Suraraksa Benjaphon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUntreated high‐strength salinity wastewaters pose a serious threat to the environment. Anaerobic treatment is an effective process with double advantages of waste stabilization and energy production. However, high organic compound and sodium toxicity in high‐salinity wastewaters adversely affect the performance of anaerobic treatment. In this study, anaerobic hybrid (AH) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were investigated for their efficiencies to alleviate the negative effects of high‐salinity wastewater.RESULTSDouble increases in the NaCl concentration drastically deteriorated the performances of both reactors. The activities of acetoclastic methanogens (ACM) and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (HTM) in both reactors decreased to 22–28% and 36–40% compared to the previous period, respectively. However, the methanogen population (Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales) was not affected negatively. The AH reactor exhibited excellent performance during the recovery and restart periods, which only required 7 days to complete the recovery period. Furthermore, during the restart period, the AH reactor showed high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methane (CH4) production and yield as ≈90%, 2600 mL day−1 and 0.30 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODremoved, respectively. The rate of biomass washout from the AH reactor also was lower compared to the UASB reactor. The concentration of attached biomass in the packed zone of the AH reactor gradually increased indicating the growth of an active microbial biofilm.CONCLUSIONThe excellent performance of the AH reactor was presumably a result of its packed zone configuration which provided the supporting media to entrap smaller microbial aggregates, reduce biomass washout and support the growth of active biofilm. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Impact of lymph node dissection on clinical outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Inverse probability of treatment weighting with survival analysis
Authors: Umeda Yuzo , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Kojima Toru , Satoh Daisuke , Sui Kenta , Endo Yoshikatsu , Inagaki Masaru , Oishi Masahiro , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) has been established as a critical risk factor for prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The clinical implications of lymph node dissection (LND) have been debated. This study aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of LND by multicenter retrospective analysis.MethodsA total of 310 ICC patients who had undergone curative resection between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic impact of LND was estimated under an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach using propensity scores.ResultsLND was performed for 224 patients (72%), with LNM pathologically confirmed in 90 patients (40%). Prognosis was poorer for patients with LNM (median survival, 16.9 months) than for those without (57.2 months; P < .0001). One‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates (OS) were comparable among LND+ (81.6%, 48.0%, and 37.5%, respectively) and LND– groups (81.6%, 55.4%, and 44.6%, respectively). However, advanced tumor, as characterized by larger tumor, multinodular lesions, and serosal invasion, was significantly more frequent in the LND+ group than in the LND– group. After IPTW adjusting for imbalances, 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS were better in the LND+ group (83.5%, 52.2%, and 42.8%, respectively) than in the LND– group (71.9%, 32.4%, and 23.4%, respectively; P = .046). LND thus showed significant prognostic impact (hazard ratio = 0.58, 95%CI = |0.39|–|0.84|, P = .005), especially in hilar ICC. However, peripheral ICC displayed no therapeutic benefit from LND.ConclusionsLND could have a significant role to play in improving oncologic outcomes. Therapeutic LND should be implemented on the basis of tumor location and tumor advancement.
Ten‐year outcome results of cT4 breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Corso Giovanni , Kahler‐Ribeiro‐Fontana Sabrina , Pagan Eleonora , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Magnoni Francesca , Munzone Elisabetta , Bottiglieri Luca , Veronesi Paolo , Galimberti Viviana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivescT4 breast cancer (BC) is classified as noninflammatory breast cancer (non‐IBC) or inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The outcome often is considered worse. The purpose of this study was to determine recurrence and outcomes in overall survival (OS), invasive disease‐free survival (IDFS), distant disease‐free survival (DDFS) according to pathological complete response (pCR), and inflammatory status.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2015 we selected 634 nonmetastatic cT4 BC patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery at the European Institute of Oncology. OS, IDFS, and DDFS were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 9.0 years. Twenty patients underwent only sentinel node biopsy (SNB), 13 SNB + AD, and 601 only AD. Considering the 614 patients with AD, only 2.5% of non‐IBC patients reported pCR compared to 15% of IBC cases. Only two axillary recurrences were reported. Ten‐year results were 52.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.8–56.5) for OS, 37.0% (95% CI: 32.6–41.3) for IDFS, and 49.8% (95% CI: 45.0–54.4) for DDFS. OS, IDFS, and DDFS were better in all BC with pCR (irrespective of inflammatory status).ConclusionOur long‐term results demonstrated that pCR significantly improves survival, reducing locoregional and distant recurrence risk in cT4 tumors with respect to patients with no pCR and according to inflammatory status of cT4 BC.
Investigation of Adult Post‐Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage Rates and the Impact of NSAID Use
Authors: McLean James E. , Hill Christopher J. , Riddick Jeanelle B. , Folsom Craig R. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTonsillectomy is one of the most common ambulatory surgeries performed in the United States, yet the incidence of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in adults remains unclear. In addition, any association between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and PTH in adults is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence and management of adult PTH at a single academic center and to assess for any association between NSAID use and PTH in adults.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of adult tonsillectomies performed at our institution between January 1, 2012, and December 30, 2019. Demographics, past medical history, medications, NSAID use, surgical indication, bleeding events, and interventions were documented. The rate of PTH was calculated, logistic regression was performed to assess for any predictive factors, and odds ratios were calculated for NSAID use and PTH.ResultsA total of 1,057 adult tonsillectomies were performed within the aforementioned time period. A total of 126 patients experienced 163 bleeding events for a postoperative hemorrhage rate of 11.9%. Most were controlled with bedside interventions, while 29 (23%) bled more than once. The hemorrhage rate for those who were not prescribed NSAIDs postoperatively (n = 625) was 11.7%, compared to 12.6% for those who did receive NSAIDs postoperatively (n = 432), which was not significantly different (adjusted odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.49; P = .95).ConclusionsThis retrospective cohort study of 1,057 adult patients found the incidence of PTH to be 11.9%. This study found no association between the use of NSAIDs and the rate of PTH, although a higher‐powered study is needed.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:949–953, 2022
Improved Maxwell Model Approach and its Applicability toward Lifetime Prediction of Biobased Viscoelastic Fibers
Authors: Schippers Christina , Tsarkova Larisa A. , Bahners Thomas , Gutmann Jochen S. , Cleve Ernst 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of relaxation measurements is a well‐established technique for predicting the lifetime of polymer materials, with research primarily focusing on increasing prediction accuracy and minimizing material testing time. The current study presents a novel approach toward describing the long‐term behavior of viscoelastic polymers based on the Maxwell model. It assumes a mean relaxation time of the polymer chains in conjunction with a dimensionless number that accounts for averaged polymer chain inhomogeneities. This coefficient is analogous to the dimensionless number, which successfully describes the asymmetry of both the Weibull distribution and of particle size distribution according to the Rosin, Rammler, Sperling and Bennet model. In comparison to earlier models based on time‐superposition principles, the current approach enables lifetime prediction using a single short‐term measurement, which must be taken at a properly chosen applied strain. The applicability of the new model in predicting the long‐term behavior has been demonstrated by the analysis of the relaxation behavior of semi‐crystalline bio‐based fibers.
Effect of Initiator Structure on Thiol‐Ene Polymerization: A DFT Study
Authors: Degirmenci Isa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance of commercial initiators on thiol‐ene polymerization has been investigated by utilizing the M062X/6‐31++G(d,p) level of theory. The reactivity of initiators has been explained by the rate coefficients of addition (ki), which is considered side reaction and hydrogen abstraction (kHA) reactions. In this respect, radicals generated from azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA) have been modeled. In the case of AIBN and the propene‐methyl thiol couple as reactants, it has been illustrated that side reaction is highly possible because the calculated rate coefficients ki and kHA are close to each other 1.02E+00 and 1.50E+02 l mol–1 s–1, respectively. In styrene, methyl methacrylate, and maleimide applications, the discrepancy between these reaction rates is relatively less. The high reactivity of DMPA has been explained by possessing high kHA values of formed radicals. The hydrogen abstraction reaction is significantly faster than the addition reactions for generated radicals methyl (CH3•) and benzoyl (C6H5CO•). For methyl methacrylate, side reaction is probable even in the application of DMPA since relatively fast addition reactions (the ki for CH3• and C6H5CO• radicals are 4.71E+04 and 3.42E+04 l mol–1 s–1 respectively.). Styrene and maleimide show a similar reactivity tendency with methyl methacrylate.