bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Leishmania infection in three communities of Oti Region, Ghana
Authors: Akuffo Richard , Wilson Michael , Sarfo Bismark , Attram Naiki , Mosore Mba-Tihssommah , Yeboah Clara , Cruz Israel , Ruiz-Postigo Jose-Antonio , Boakye Daniel , Moreno Javier , Anto Francis 
Published: May 2021

Background
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by various species of female phlebotomine sand flies. The first report of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ghana refer to a cluster of cases in 1999–2003 in the Ho municipality of the Volta Region. We conducted an epidemiological assessment in the Oti Region, encouraged by recent reports of potential cases of CL.

Methodology/Principal findings
Using a cross-sectional study design, the exposure to Leishmania was investigated in three communities of the Oti Region based on the leishmanin skin test (LST). LST results for 3,071 participants comprising 1091, 848, and 1132 persons from the communities of Ashiabre, Keri, and Sibi Hilltop, indicated an overall prevalence of exposure to Leishmania infection of 41.8% and individual community prevalence of 39.4%, 55.1%, and 34.2% respectively. Being male [AOR = 1.27; CI: 1.09, 1.49], and living in Keri [AOR = 1.83; CI: 1.43, 2.34] were associated with an increase in the odds of exposure to Leishmania. Being 5–10 years old [AOR = 1.48; CI: 1.06, 2.05], 11–17 years old [AOR = 2.03; CI: 1.45, 2.85], 18–40 years old [AORR = 2.83; CI: 1.81, 4.43] and 41–65 years old [AOR = 5.08; CI: 2.98, 8.68] were also significantly associated with increased odds of being exposed to Leishmania.

Conclusions/Significance
This study demonstrated exposure to Leishmania in the study communities and also identified associated factors. Future efforts aimed at reducing exposure to Leishmania infection in the study area should take the associated factors into consideration.
Empanelment of health care facilities under Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) in India
Authors: Joseph Jaison , Sankar D. Hari , Nambiar Devaki 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
India’s Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is the world’s largest health assurance scheme providing health cover of 500,000 INR (about USD 6,800) per family per year. It provides financial support for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization expenses to about 500 million of India’s poorest households through various insurance models with care delivered by public and private empanelled providers. This study undertook to describe the provider empanelment of PM-JAY, a key element of its functioning and determinant of its impact.

Methods
We carried out secondary analysis of cross-sectional administrative program data publicly available in PM-JAY portal for 30 Indian states and 06 UTs. We analysed the state wise distribution, type and sector of empanelled hospitals and services offered through PM-JAY scheme across all the states and UTs.

Results
We found that out of the total facilities empanelled (N = 20,257) under the scheme in 2020, more than half (N = 11,367, 56%) were in the public sector, while 8,157 (40%) facilities were private for profit, and 733 (4%) were private not for profit entities. State wise distribution of hospitals showed that five states (Karnataka (N = 2,996, 14.9%), Gujarat (N = 2,672, 13.3%), Uttar Pradesh (N = 2,627, 13%), Tamil Nadu (N = 2315, 11.5%) and Rajasthan (N = 2,093 facilities, 10.4%) contributed to more than 60% of empanelled PMJAY facilities: We also observed that 40% of facilities were offering between two and five specialties while 14% of empanelled hospitals provided 21–24 specialties.

Conclusion
A majority of the hospital empanelled under the scheme are in states with previous experience of implementing publicly funded health insurance schemes, with the exception of Uttar Pradesh. Reasons underlying these patterns of empanelment as well as the impact of empanelment on service access, utilisation, population health and financial risk protection warrant further study. While the inclusion and regulation of the private sector is a goal that may be served by empanelment, the role of public sector remains critical, particularly in underserved areas of India.
Computational modelling of hip resurfacing arthroplasty investigating the effect of femoral version on hip biomechanics
Authors: Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Taneja Ashish , Naserkhaki Sadegh , El-Rich Marwan , Adeeb Samer , Powell James , Johnston Kelly 
Published: May 2021

Aim
How reduced femoral neck anteversion alters the distribution of pressure and contact area in Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (HRA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively describe the biomechanical implication of different femoral neck version angles on HRA using a finite element analysis.

Materials and methods
A total of sixty models were constructed to assess the effect of different femoral neck version angles on three different functional loads: 0°of hip flexion, 45°of hip flexion, and 90° of hip flexion. Femoral version was varied between 30° of anteversion to 30° of retroversion. All models were tested with the acetabular cup in four different positions: (1) 40°/15° (inclination/version), (2) 40°/25°, (3) 50°/15°, and (4) 50°/25°. Differences in range of motion due to presence of impingement, joint contact pressure, and joint contact area with different femoral versions and acetabular cup positions were calculated.

Results
Impingement was found to be most significant with the femur in 30° of retroversion, regardless of acetabular cup position. Anterior hip impingement occurred earlier during hip flexion as the femur was progressively retroverted. Impingement was reduced in all models by increasing acetabular cup inclination and anteversion, yet this consequentially led to higher contact pressures. At 90° of hip flexion, contact pressures and contact areas were inversely related and showed most notable change with 30° of femoral retroversion. In this model, the contact area migrated towards the anterior implant-bone interface along the femoral neck.

Conclusion
Femoral retroversion in HRA influences impingement and increases joint contact pressure most when the hip is loaded in flexion. Increasing acetabular inclination decreases the area of impingement but doing so causes a reciprocal increase in joint contact pressure. It may be advisable to study femoral neck version pre-operatively to better choose hip resurfacing arthroplasty candidates.
Ритмы современной жизни. Рец. на кн.: Dawn Lyon. Rhythmanalysis: Research Methods. London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021
Authors: Вершинина Инна Альфредовна 
Published: May 2021

Публикация представляет собой рецензию на книгу британского социолога Д. Лайон «Ритманализ: методы исследования», в которой рассматривается история возникновения метода, его видение французским социологом А. Лефевром, а также современные исследования, выполненные с его помощью. Автор подчеркивает, что возможности данного метода довольно широки, и полагает, что он может помочь выявить взаимосвязи между индивидуальными и социальными ритмами, тем самым дополнив современную картину социальной реальности.
Theoretical Estimate of the Total Shelf Length in a Gas Fields Model
Authors: Skiba Alexander K. , Skiba Nadezhda K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors consider a continuous dynamic approximating model of a gas fields group and, on its basis, set maximum and minimum issues. The tasks proposed for research are optimal control problems with mixed constraints with free-final-time and moving right end. We analytically solve the rapid-action problem. The central mathematical apparatus is Pontryagin maximum principle in Arrow form, using Lagrange multipliers. The theoretically obtained results of the analysis are of particular interest.
The homoclinic breather wave solution, rational wave and n-soliton solution to a nonlinear differential equation
Authors: Zheng Zhenzhen , He Guoliang , Xu Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
According to the homoclinic breather limit method, we obtain the homoclinic breather wave and rational wave of a nonlinear evolution differential equation. The n-soliton wave solutions are derived by utilizing the Hirota method. In addition, the graphs of these solutions are shown by selecting the appropriate parameters.
Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics
Authors: Pall Martin L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Millimeter wave (MM-wave) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are predicted to not produce penetrating effects in the body. The electric but not magnetic part of MM-EMFs are almost completely absorbed within the outer 1 mm of the body. Rodents are reported to have penetrating MM-wave impacts on the brain, the myocardium, liver, kidney and bone marrow. MM-waves produce electromagnetic sensitivity-like changes in rodent, frog and skate tissues. In humans, MM-waves have penetrating effects including impacts on the brain, producing EEG changes and other neurological/neuropsychiatric changes, increases in apparent electromagnetic hypersensitivity and produce changes on ulcers and cardiac activity. This review focuses on several issues required to understand penetrating effects of MM-waves and microwaves: 1. Electronically generated EMFs are coherent, producing much higher electrical and magnetic forces then do natural incoherent EMFs. 2. The fixed relationship between electrical and magnetic fields found in EMFs in a vacuum or highly permeable medium such as air, predicted by Maxwell’s equations, breaks down in other materials. Specifically, MM-wave electrical fields are almost completely absorbed in the outer 1 mm of the body due to the high dielectric constant of biological aqueous phases. However, the magnetic fields are very highly penetrating. 3. Time-varying magnetic fields have central roles in producing highly penetrating effects. The primary mechanism of EMF action is voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation with the EMFs acting via their forces on the voltage sensor, rather than by depolarization of the plasma membrane. Two distinct mechanisms, an indirect and a direct mechanism, are consistent with and predicted by the physics, to explain penetrating MM-wave VGCC activation via the voltage sensor. Time-varying coherent magnetic fields, as predicted by the Maxwell–Faraday version of Faraday’s law of induction, can put forces on ions dissolved in aqueous phases deep within the body, regenerating coherent electric fields which activate the VGCC voltage sensor. In addition, time-varying magnetic fields can directly put forces on the 20 charges in the VGCC voltage sensor. There are three very important findings here which are rarely recognized in the EMF scientific literature: coherence of electronically generated EMFs; the key role of time-varying magnetic fields in generating highly penetrating effects; the key role of both modulating and pure EMF pulses in greatly increasing very short term high level time-variation of magnetic and electric fields. It is probable that genuine safety guidelines must keep nanosecond timescale-variation of coherent electric and magnetic fields below some maximum level in order to produce genuine safety. These findings have important implications with regard to 5G radiation.
Practical experience as a determining factor of preparedness of medical and nursing students in Romania during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Magdas Tudor-Mihai , Jolobai Andrei-Nicolae , Simonescu-Colan Ruxandra , Mosteanu Elena Ofelia , Pop Teodora Atena 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In the context of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the extent of the damage in the worldwide population and health systems forced governments to find rapid and efficient countermeasures. Thus, global efforts are made to combat this disease and among the identified possible solutions to enforce the frontline workforce is to allow medical and nursing students to help in medical care. This survey proposes to assess the Romanian students’ self-perceived preparedness, considering their theoretical and practical knowledge.
Methods. The survey was based on an 11-item form which aimed to evaluate the preparedness of the students to efficiently protect against the COVID-19 infection in a hospital setting, the overall willingness of the students to volunteer and the possible barriers that might prevent their involvement. For this purpose, a total number of 1021 responders, from which 18% nursing students and 82% medical students, from public and private medical schools of Romania, were included. Data processing was made using a free trial of GraphPad PRISM 8.0. The calculated parameters were: mean value, standard deviation, and confidence intervals (CI) and the level of significance was P<0.05.
Results. Based on the collected data, we evidenced that the majority of the respondents (93%) acknowledged practical skills as a main positive factor for the decision to join the healthcare frontline. A strong, positive correlation between the self-perceived practical skills level, preparedness and the willingness to voluntarily involve in medical assistance was found.
Conclusion. A significantly high level of practical skills and preparedness level in self-protecting effectively against COVID-19 was mainly seen in the following subgroups: the nursing students and the students that had previously been part of organized medical volunteer structures, revealing the practical experience to be a determining factor of preparedness.
Assessment of the greenness of micellar HPLC method for rapid separation and simultaneous estimation of chlorpheniramine maleate in presence of some co-administered drugs in three pharmaceutical dosage forms using single run
Authors: Nasr Zeinab Adel , Soliman Marwa M. , Mohamed Ekram H. , Fouad Fatma A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sustainable chemistry established one of kind standards to maintain protection of environment through using safer mobile phase composition and/or lower solvent consumption. A fast green micellar HPLC method was developed and applied for the first time aiming at simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate, one of the most widely used antihistamine in combination with levochlopersatine fenodizoate or dextromethorphan hydrobromide or dexamethasone, in their pure forms, laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms used in alleviating the symptoms of cough resulting from common colds and allergy. The separation was achieved on Kinetex C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 2.6-μm particle size) using micellar aqueous mobile phase consisting of (30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 50 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 5) and ethanol (85:15) with UV detection at 230 nm. The four drugs were successfully separated using isocratic elution in a single run not exceeding 7 min. According to ICH guidelines, the method was confirmed to be linear, accurate and precise over the concentration ranges of 5–60 μg mL−1 for chlorpheniramine maleate, 10–100 μg mL−1 for levocloperastine fenodizoate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide and 5–30 μg mL−1 for dexamethasone. In addition, the greenness of the developed method was assessed using two different tools indicating their least hazardous effect on the environment.
RANCANG BANGUN REPACKING DRUM 200 LITER KOROSI HASIL PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF PADAT
Authors: Pangestu Dzulfikri , Setyawan Ajrieh , Hendro Hendro 
Published: May 2021

RANCANG BANGUN REPACKING DRUM 200 LITER KOROSI HASIL PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF PADAT TERKOMPAKSI. Telah dilakukan repacking drum 200 liter korosi hasil pengolahan limbah radioaktif padat terkompaksi di Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif (PTLR). Tujuan dari repacking adalah menjamin keselamatan radiasi dan penanganan lebih lanjut dari drum 200 liter yang mengalami korosi pada penyimpanan limbah di Interm Storage 2 (IS2) Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif. Tahapan awal dimulai dengan melakukan pendataan terhadap drum 200 liter yang mengalami korosi serta analisa fisik dimensi dari drum 200 liter menjadi produk repacking dalam bentuk shell beton. Desain gambar menggunakan software google sketch up dengan mengubah 3 buah drum 200 liter korosi menjadi shell beton yang memenuhi standar kualitas IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) dengan kuat tekan sebesar 20 – 50 N.mm2. Hasil desain gambar diperoleh bahwa repacking untuk 3 buah drum 200 liter korosi diperoleh dimensi dengan tinggi 120 cm dan diameter 138 cm. Untuk mencapai kuat tekan yang sesuai standar IAEA digunakan matriks semen camp beton K500 lengkap dengan besi bertulang. Hasil akhir kegiatan repacking drum 200 liter korosi diperoleh bahwa untuk satu buah proses menggunakan 3 buah drum 200 liter yang mengalami korosi dan kualitas beton dapat diterima karena sesuai dengan standar IAEA
Comparison of CT scan and intraoperative findings of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma with post-operative histopathology
Authors: Sharma Raghav , Agarwal Navneet 
Published: May 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>In oral cancer are 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and lymphatic metastasis influences prognosis .With help of contrast CT scan finding done preoperatively and intraoperative finding during neck dissection we tried to generate a scoring system by which we can predict cervical lymph nodes metastasis systematically.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Biopsy proven oral SCC cases underwent surgery between May 2012 to December 2018. Contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) neck, intraoperative finding and post operative HPR (histopathology) were compared for the largest size node in the neck. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were calculated by using the hpr findings in the neck dissection specimen as control. Out of 68 cases, supraomohyoid neck dissection was done in 16 cases and radical neck dissection in 52 cases. Scores were put in Open Epi screening test software. Best cut off point was calculated using Youden Index.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Best cut off score (using Youden index and ROC curve) for CT scan was &gt;1 out of 7 features (size &gt;10 mm, central necrosis of lymph node, matting of lymph node, shape, extracapsular spread, vascular invasion, central hypodensity). Best cut off for intraoperative palpation was ≥3 out of 4 features (size, feel on palpation, adherence to surrounding structure, shape).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intraoperative findings can change the extent of surgery for being high sensitive and specific as compared to CT scan which is high sensitive but low specificity. A scoring system can be generated preoperative and intraoperatively to predict a node being malignant or not.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
An Eating Behaviour-Consumption Frequency of Certain Foods in Early Childhood-As a Predictor of Behaviour Problems
Authors: Ajmal Ammara , Watanabe Kumi , Tanaka Emiko , Sawada Yuko , Watanabe Taeko , Tomisaki Etuko , Ito Sumio , Okumura Rika , Kawasaki Yuriko , Anme Tokie 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Eating behaviour in early childhood serves as a foundation for future health outcomes. Diet patterns can have long-term beneficial or adverse effects on social behaviour development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate food consumption frequency in 1- to 6-year-olds as an eating behaviour-related predictor of behaviour problems six years later. Methods: This longitudinal study involved 124 mother-child dyads from a project named ‘Community Empowerment and Care for Wellbeing and Health Longevity’ initiated in 1991 and conducting surveys every three years. We studied children aged 1–6 years in July 2011, with a follow-up assessment in August 2017. The primary exposure examined was the frequency of food items intake. The primary outcome was behaviour problems as assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The adjusted results suggested that a higher intake of leafy green and light-coloured vegetables were significantly associated with decreased odds of conduct problems and prosocial behaviour problems in Japanese children. However, no associations were observed among fruits, milk, small fish, eggs, soybeans, seaweed, and any SDQ subscales. Conclusion: This study shows that eating leafy green and light-coloured vegetables may have a protective effect on a child’s conduct and prosocial behaviour problems. Due consideration should be given to children’s eating habits in the early stages of their lives, to ensure better mental health.
Keywords: Child; Diet; Impulsive Behaviour; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Health; Nutrients; Sugars; Vegetables.
Incidence and Determinants of Complications of Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy in a Large Cohort of Native Kidney and Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fatthy Moataz , Saleh Ahmed , Ahmed Reham A. , Abouzeid Sameh , Bakry Seham , Abdelaziz Tarek 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Percutaneous kidney biopsy is a useful diagnostic procedure. Hemorrhagic complications may occur following the procedure. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1198 patients who had percutaneous renal biopsy between March 2013 and March 2018. The cohort included both native kidney and transplant biopsies. We have included only the first biopsy for each patient; repeat biopsies for 132 patients were excluded from the analysis. Results: 1198 patients ( 332 transplant recipients and 886 native kidney patients) were included in the study. Major complications occurred in 18(1.5%) of patients (1.4% in native kidney biopsies Vs 1.6% in kidney transplant recipients. Adequate renal tissue (core of > 6 glomeruli ) was obtained in 91 % of patients. Our analysis revealed that the incidence of major complications, in the native kidney biopsy are increased with age>65 years (odds ratio2.4, 95 % CI (1.5-5.6), eGFR<30 ml/min/m2 (odds ratio 9.7, 95 % CI (3.4-18.2) ) and anemia(9-11 mg/dl)(odds ratio3.2 (1.7-5.2), 95 % CI(1.7-5.2). In transplant recipients kidney biopsy the incidence of complications was increased with age>65 years (odds ratio 2.8(1.7-7.3), 95 % CI (1.7-7.3), eGFR<30 ml/min/m2 (odds ratio 11.3, 95 % CI (3.5-16.8 ) and anemia (9-11mg/dl )(odds ratio 2.4, 95 %(1.7-4.7). Conclusion: The incidence of major complications following kidney biopsy was 1,5%(for a cohort of native kidney biopsy and kidney transplant biopsies . Age> 65 years, lower eGFR < <30 ml/min/m2 and anemia were independent risk predictors for the occurrence of major complications in both native and transplant kidney biopsy.
Keywords: Biopsy; biopsy, needle; renal, complications, safety, adequacy.