bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sizes and Shapes of Sea Ice Floes Broken by Waves–A Case Study From the East Antarctic Coast
Authors: Herman Agnieszka , Wenta Marta , Cheng Sukun 
Published: May 2021

The floe size distribution (FSD) is an important characteristics of sea ice, influencing several physical processes that take place in the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers under/over sea ice, as well as within sea ice itself. Through complex feedback loops involving those processes, FSD might modify the short-term and seasonal evolution of the sea ice cover, and therefore significant effort is undertaken by the scientific community to better understand FSD-related effects and to include them in sea ice models. An important part of that effort is analyzing the FSD properties and variability in different ice and forcing conditions, based on airborne and satellite imagery. In this work we analyze a very high resolution (pixel size: 0.3 m) satellite image of sea ice from a location off the East Antarctic coast (65.6°S, 101.9°E), acquired on February 16, 2019. Contrary to most previous studies, the ice floes in the image have angular, polygonal shapes and a narrow size distribution. We show that the observed FSD can be represented as a weighted sum of two probability distributions, a Gaussian and a tapered power law, with the Gaussian part clearly dominating in the size range of floes that contribute over 90% to the total sea ice surface area. Based on an analysis of the weather, wave and ice conditions in the period preceding the day in question, we discuss the most probable scenarios that led to the breakup of landfast ice into floes visible in the image. Finally, theoretical arguments backed up by a series of numerical simulations of wave propagation in sea ice performed with a scattering model based on the Matched Eigenfunction Expansion Method are used to show that the observed dominating floe size in the three different regions of the image (18, 13 and 51 m, respectively) agree with those expected as a result of wave-induced breaking of landfast ice.
Rupture Directivity in 3D Inferred From Acoustic Emissions Events in a Mine-Scale Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment
Authors: López-Comino José Ángel , Cesca Simone , Niemz Peter , Dahm Torsten , Zang Arno 
Published: May 2021

Rupture directivity, implying a predominant earthquake rupture propagation direction, is typically inferred upon the identification of 2D azimuthal patterns of seismic observations for weak to large earthquakes using surface-monitoring networks. However, the recent increase of 3D monitoring networks deployed in the shallow subsurface and underground laboratories toward the monitoring of microseismicity allows to extend the directivity analysis to 3D modeling, beyond the usual range of magnitudes. The high-quality full waveforms recorded for the largest, decimeter-scale acoustic emission (AE) events during a meter-scale hydraulic fracturing experiment in granites at ∼410 m depth allow us to resolve the apparent durations observed at each AE sensor to analyze 3D-directivity effects. Unilateral and (asymmetric) bilateral ruptures are then characterized by the introduction of a parameter κ, representing the angle between the directivity vector and the station vector. While the cloud of AE activity indicates the planes of the hydrofractures, the resolved directivity vectors show off-plane orientations, indicating that rupture planes of microfractures on a scale of centimeters have different geometries. Our results reveal a general alignment of the rupture directivity with the orientation of the minimum horizontal stress, implying that not only the slip direction but also the fracture growth produced by the fluid injections is controlled by the local stress conditions.
Predictor Analysis in Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Bisceglia Alessandro , Rossetto Ruth , Garberoglio Sara , Franzin Angelica , Cerato Alice , Maletta Francesca , Papotti Mauro Giulio , Ghigo Ezio , Pagano Loredana , Maccario Mauro , Garberoglio Roberto 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo confirm the efficacy of ultrasound (US) guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, we evaluated as primary outcome the technical efficacy and clinical success in a single center dataset. The secondary outcome was to find a correlation between nodules’ pre-treatment features and volume reduction rate (VRR) ≥75% at 12 months after RFA and during follow-up period.MethodsThis retrospective study included 119 consecutive patients (99 females, 20 males, 51.5 ± 14.4 years) with benign thyroid nodules treated in our hospital between October 2014 and December 2018 with a mean follow-up of 26.8 months (range 3–48). Clinical and US features before and after RFA were evaluated by a US examination at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and annually thereafter up to 48 months.ResultsThe median pre-treatment volume was 22.4 ml; after RFA we observed a statistically significant volume reduction from the first month (11.7 ml) to the last follow-up (p &lt; 0.001 for all follow-up times). The median VRR was 47.1, 55.3, 61.2, 67.6, 72.8, 71.3, and 62.9% at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months of follow-up respectively, showing a progressive significant improvement up to 24 months (VRRs 1 vs 3 months, 3 vs 6 months and 6 vs 12 months p &lt; 0.001, 12 vs 24 months p = 0.05) while no differences at 24 vs 36 and 36 vs 48 months were observed. Symptoms improved significantly (complete resolution 64.35%, partial resolution 35.65%), and neck circumference was reduced as compared to pre-treatment (p &lt; 0.001). Lower pre-treatment neck circumference (37.5 vs 36.0 cm, p = 0.01) was a positive predictor of VRR ≥75% at 12 months. Macrocystic echostructure (HR 2.48, p 0.046) and pre-treatment volume &gt;22.4 ml (HR 0.54, p 0.036) were found to be independent positive and negative predictors of VRR ≥75% respectively. One-month post RFA VRR ≥50% represented the best positive predictor of technical success.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. In particular we show that by selecting macrocystic nodules smaller than 22.4 ml better long-term response can be achieved, which is predicted by an early shrinkage of the nodule.
Harmine Alleviates Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction by Immunomodulatory Effect on the Macrophage Polarization and Subsequent Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Wang Qing , Wang Wei , Ge Gaoran , Xu Nanwei , Zheng Dong , Jiang Shijie , Zhao Gongyin , Xu Yaozeng , Wang Yuji , Zhu Ruixia , Geng Dechun 
Published: May 2021

Peri-prosthetic osteolysis (PPO) and following aseptic loosening are regarded as the prime reasons for implant failure after joint replacement. Increasing evidence indicated that wear-debris-irritated inflammatory response and macrophage polarization state play essential roles in this osteolytic process. Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid primitively extracted from the Peganum harmala seeds, has been reported to have various pharmacological effects on monoamine oxidase action, insulin intake, vasodilatation and central nervous systems. However, the impact of harmine on debris-induced osteolysis has not been demonstrated, and whether harmine participates in regulating macrophage polarization and subsequent osteogenic differentiation in particle-irritated osteolysis remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of harmine on titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. The results suggested harmine notably alleviated Ti particle-induced bone resorption in a murine PPO model. Harmine was also found to suppress the particle-induced inflammatory response and shift the polarization of macrophages from M1 phenotypes to M2 phenotypes in vivo and in vitro, which improved anti-inflammatory and bone-related cytokines levels. In the conditioned medium from Ti particle-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with harmine, the osteoblast differentiation ability of mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was greatly increased. And we also provided evidences that the immunomodulatory capacity of harmine might be attributed to the inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in wear particle-treated macrophages. All the results strongly show that harmine might be a promising therapeutic agent to treat PPO.
Assessment of the Macular Microvasculature in High Myopes With Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Wong Chee-Wai , Matsumura Saiko , Htoon Hla Myint , Tan Shoun , Tan Colin S. , Ang Marcus , Wong Yee-Ling , Agrawal Rupesh , Sabanayagam Charumati , Saw Seang-Mei 
Published: May 2021

Background: The risk of pathologic myopia (PM) increases with worsening myopia and may be related to retinal microvasculature alterations. To evaluate this, we analyzed the macular microvasculature of myopes with swept source-optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA) in adolescent and young adult Singaporeans.Methods: This is a prevalent case-control study including 93 young Chinese from the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singaporean children (STARS, N = 45) study and the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM, N = 48) studies. Macular vessel density (VD) measurements were obtained from 3 × 3 mm SS-OCTA scans and independently assessed using ImageJ. These measurements were compared between individuals with non-high myopia [non-HM, N = 40; SE &gt;-5.0 diopter (D)] and HM (SE ≤-5.0D, N = 53).Results: The mean macular VD was 40.9 ± 0.6% and 38.2 ± 0.5% in the non-HM and HM, groups, respectively (p = 0.01 adjusted for age and gender). Mean FAZ area in the superficial layer was 0.22 ± 0.02 mm2 in the HM group, which was smaller compared to non-HM group (0.32 ± 0.03 mm2, p = 0.04). Mean deep FAZ area was similar between the two groups (0.45 ± 0.03 mm2 and 0.48 ± 0.04 mm2 in the HM and non-HM groups, respectively, p = 0.70).Conclusions: VD was lower and superficial FAZ area was smaller, in adolescents and young adults with HM compared to non-HM. These findings require validation in prospective studies to assess their impact on the subsequent development of PM.
Development of CT-Based Imaging Signature for Preoperative Prediction of Invasive Behavior in Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Authors: Huang Wen-peng , Liu Si-yun , Han Yi-jing , Li Li-ming , Liang Pan , Gao Jian-bo 
Published: May 2021

PurposeIt is challenging for traditional CT signs to predict invasiveness of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (pSPN). We aim to develop and evaluate CT-based radiomics signature to preoperatively predict invasive behavior in pSPN.MethodsEighty-five patients who had pathologically confirmed pSPN and preoperative contrasted-enhanced CT imaging in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed (invasive: 24; non-invasive: 61). 1316 radiomics features were separately extracted from delineated 2D or 3D ROIs in arterial and venous phases. 200% (SMOTE) was used to generate balanced dataset (invasive: 72, non-invasive: 96) for each phase, which was for feature selection and modeling. The model was internally validated in the original dataset. Inter-observer consistency analysis, spearman correlation, univariate analysis, LASSO regression and backward stepwise logical regression were mainly applied to screen the features, and 6 logistic regression models were established based on multi-phase features from 2D or 3D segmentations. The ROC analysis and Delong’s test were mainly used for model assessment and AUC comparison.ResultsIt retained 11, 8, 7 and 7 features to construct 3D-arterial, 3D-venous, 2D-arterial and 2D-venous model. Based on 3D ROIs, the arterial model (AUC: 0.914) performed better than venous (AUC: 0.815) and the arterial-venous combined model was slightly improved (AUC: 0.918). Based on 2D ROIs, the arterial model (AUC: 0.814) performed better than venous (AUC:0.768), while the arterial-venous combined model (AUC:0.893) performed better than any single-phase model. In addition, the 3D arterial model performed better than the best combined 2D model. The Delong’s test showed that the significant difference of model AUC existed in arterial models in original dataset (p = 0.019) while not in arterial-venous combined model (p=0.49) as comparing 2D and 3D ROIs.ConclusionThe arterial radiomics model constructed by 3D-ROI feature is potential to predict the invasiveness of pSPN preoperatively.
Development and Assessment of Screening Nomogram for Biliary Atresia Based on Hepatobiliary Ultrasonographic Features
Authors: Dai Shu Yang , Sun Yu Qi , Wu Ying , Chen Gong , Sun Song , Dong Rui , Zheng Shan 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare neonatal liver disease of which the early diagnosis remains a challenge for clinicians. Our center has established a nomogram diagnostic model based on clinical characteristics and liver function characteristics. We aim to develop and validate a nomogram that includes additional ultrasound and finds hepatobiliary abnormality with better BA early screening performance.Methods: In this single-center, retrospective cohort analysis, 1,001 neonatal obstructive jaundice (NOJ) patients between 2012 and 2015 were enrolled. Multivariable analysis was used to identify clinical characteristics, laboratory liver function characteristics, and ultrasonic features that may early screen BA. A nomogram was developed to predict the probability of BA using multiple logistic regression analysis. This nomogram was subsequently validated using another cohort of 501 NOJ patients between 2015 and 2017. Calibration curve analysis and decision curve analyses were performed to evaluate and interpret the nomogram's clinical benefits.Results: Gender, direct bilirubin (DB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), fasting gallbladder visibility, fasting gallbladder filling, and common bile duct visibility were found to have profound statistical significance between the BA and non-BA groups (P &lt; 0.05). The significant features were used to build the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) value of the novel nomogram (0.87) was superior to those of the former nomogram (0.83) and GGT alone (0.81) in the prediction of BA. The calibration curve revealed a close resemblance between the predicted and actual BA probabilities. Also, the net benefit from the decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram (0.54) was superior to those of the former nomogram (0.49) and GGT alone (0.45) at 80% of threshold possibility.Conclusions: The nomogram has demonstrated better performance for BA screening by including additional information of the US finding, holding a promising future as a non-invasive method for BA patients.
The Role of Environmental Conditions on Master Marathon Running Performance in 1,280,557 Finishers the ‘New York City Marathon’ From 1970 to 2019
Authors: Knechtle Beat , McGrath Carlyn , Goncerz Olivia , Villiger Elias , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Marcin Thimo , Sousa Caio Victor 
Published: May 2021

Aim: This study investigated the influence of weather conditions on running performance in female and male age group runners in the largest marathon in the world, the “New York City Marathon.”Methods: The analysis included data from 1,280,557 finishers the “New York City Marathon” from the years 1970 to 2019. Linear mixed models for men and women finishers with race time (min) as dependent variable and 5-year age groups, temperature, wind and relative humidity tertiles (low, medium, high) as independent factors and finisher as random intercept was performed. Additional models with an interaction between age groups and one weather variable each were performed.Results: Temperature was positively associated with race time while wind speed and humidity were negatively associated (p &lt; 0.001). Men were significantly greater affected wind speed and humidity than women (p &lt; 0.001 for interaction) but not by temperature (p = 0.17 for interaction). With an average of 8 min longer race time, high temperature had the greatest effect on race time. The effect of high humidity on race time was significantly increased in 40–59 years old men and 25–65 years old women. High temperatures had an increased effect on race time in 30–64 years old men and 40–64 years old women. The inverse association between race time and high wind speed was pronounced in finishers with younger age.Conclusion: Performance was lower on days with high temperature, low humidity and low wind speed. Men seemed to benefit more from higher humidity and wind speed than women. Aged (70 +) finishers were not greater affected by high temperatures.
“We Thought We Were Alone”: The Subjective Experience of the Siblings of Anorexic Adolescent Patients
Authors: Persico Angelo , Grandclerc Salome , Giraud Catherine , Moro Marie Rose , Blanchet Corinne 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The siblings of patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are potentially affected by a disturbed emotional experience that often remains undetected. In order to bring them a psychological support, the Maison de Solenn proposed a support group program for these siblings. The current research explores their mental representations of AN and their emotional experience in the support group named “sibling group.”Method: This exploratory study is based on a phenomenological and inductive qualitative method. Four girls and three boys aged between 6 and 19 participating in the “sibling group” were included in a one-time focus group session using a semi-structured interview guide. The thematic data analysis was performed by applying the methods of interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Themes that emerged from the interview fall into four categories: AN explained by siblings; the individual emotional experience of siblings; the family experience of siblings and the experience inside the “sibling group.”Discussion: According to our participants, the “sibling group” thus functions as a good compromise between keeping an active role in the anorexic patient's care and taking a step back to avoid being eaten up by the illness. Sibling-group participants retrieved a sense of belonging, which is normally one of the functions of being a sibling. It is important to note that the “sibling group” is part of the comprehensive (or global) family-based approach included in an institutional multidisciplinary integrative care framework.
Health in Conflict Zones: Analyzing Inequalities in Mental Health in Colombian Conflict-Affected Territories
Authors: León-Giraldo Sebastián , Casas Germán , Cuervo-Sanchez Juan Sebastian , González-Uribe Catalina , Bernal Oscar , Moreno-Serra Rodrigo , Suhrcke Marc 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Colombia’s civil conflict and persistent socio-economic disparities have contributed to mental health inequalities in conflict-affected territories. We explore the magnitude of mental health inequalities, contributing socio-economic factors, and sociodemographic characteristics that explain these differences.Methods: The study draws on data collected in 2018, using the household survey Conflicto, Paz y Salud (CONPAS) applied to 1,309 households in Meta, Colombia. Logistic regression and decomposition analysis were used to analyze the risk of mental health disorders, measured with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire -20 (SRQ-20).Results: Individuals with lower socio-economic status are at a higher risk for mental health disorders. Forced displacement accounts for 31% of the measured mental health inequalities. Disparities in employment, education level, disability and conflict incidence between municipalities are other contributing factors. Women and people with disabilities are respectively 2.3 and 1.2 times more prone to present a mental health disorder.Conclusion: It is necessary to tackle the identified risk factors and sociodemographic circumstances that contribute to mental health inequalities in conflict-affected territories, as these hinder adequate/equitable access to mental health services.
Minisuperspace Quantization of f(T, B) Cosmology
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: May 2021

We discuss the quantization in the minisuperspace for the generalized fourth-order teleparallel cosmological theory known as fT, B. Specifically we focus on the case where the theory is linear on the torsion scalar, in that consideration we are able to write the cosmological field equations with the use of a scalar field different from the scalar tensor theories, but with the same dynamical constraints as that of scalar tensor theories. We use the minisuperspace description to write for the first time the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. With the use of the theory of similarity transformations we are able to find exact solutions for the Wheeler-DeWitt equations as also to investigate the classical and semiclassical limit in the de Broglie -Bohm representation of quantum mechanics.
Educação continuada e metodologias ativas em cursos a distância em enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Takaki Cavichioli Flávia Carla , Martins do Nascimento Filho Hélio , Tinti Moreira Borges Daniela , Blanes Leila , Masako Ferreira Lydia 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Verificar e discutir as metodologias ativas de ensino adotadas na educação de enfermeiros em cursos í distância. Método: A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura em bases de dados utilizando os seguintes descritores e suas combinações: Educação a Distância, Enfermagem e Metodologias ativas. Resultados: Observou-se que 33,3% dos estudos promoviam aprendizagem por meio de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, 30,3% usavam o formato e-learning e 12,1% utilizavam método hí­brido. Considerações finais: As metodologias ativas de ensino têm sido empregadas em cursos de capacitação de profissionais de saúde, inclusive enfermagem, e têm contribuí­do positivamente na qualidade da assistência prestada aos pacientes.
Promoção da saúde no contexto da tecnossocialidade: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Favero Alves Thais , Martins Ferreira Juliana , De Amorim Busana Juliano , Oliveira da Silva Hoffmann Ana Cristina , Gonçalves Nistchke Rosane , Dutra Tholl Adriana 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Na contemporaneidade, o uso de tecnologias pode se configurar como empecilho ou potência para a promoção da saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o que tem sido publicado sobre as redes sociais no quotidiano das pessoas no processo de saúde e adoecimento para a promoção da saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura em cinco bases de dados, no recorte histórico de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: 12 artigos foram analisados, resultando em três categorias: "˜Tecnossocialidade: Rede Social no engajamento terapêutico"™; "˜Tecnossocialidade: Rede Social como ferramenta de empoderamento"™; "˜Tecnossocialidade: A produção de conhecimento"™. Discussão: Destaca-se a necessidade de avaliação para validação das informações socializadas, e debate sobre a efetividade da aplicação prática dos conhecimentos adquiridos pelo usuário. Conclusões: O enfoque do empoderamento em debate nas redes sociais volta-se majoritariamente para a perspectiva individual, ficando aquém do incentivo í participação comunitária sugerida na Polí­tica Nacional de Promoção da Saúde.