bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How blood pressure predicts frailty transitions in older adults in a population-based cohort study: a multi-state transition model
Authors: Anker Daniela , Carmeli Cristian , Zwahlen Marcel , Rodondi Nicolas , Santschi Valérie , Henchoz Yves , Wolfson Christina , Chiolero Arnaud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Low blood pressure (BP) is associated with frailty in older adults. Our aim was to explore how BP predicts transitions between frailty states.

Methods
We used data from the Lausanne cohort Lc65+, a population-based cohort of older adults randomly drawn from a population registry in Switzerland, in 2004, 2009 and 2014. BP was measured using a clinically validated oscillometric automated device and frailty was defined using Fried’s phenotype, every 3 years. We used an illness-death discrete multi-state Markov model to estimate hazard ratios of forward and backward transitions between frailty states (outcome) in relation to BP categories (predictor of interest) with adjustment for sex, age and antihypertensive medication (other predictors).

Results
Among 4200 participants aged 65–70 years (58% female) at baseline, 70% were non-frail, 27% pre-frail and 2.0% frail. Over an average follow-up of 5.8 years, 2422 transitions were observed, with 1575 (65%) forward and 847 (35%) backward. Compared with systolic BP (SBP) &lt;130 mmHg, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of the transition from non-frail to pre-frail was 0.86 (0.74 to 1.00) for SBP 130–150 mmHg, and 0.89 (0.74 to 1.06) for SBP ≥150 mmHg. Compared with SBP &lt;130 mmHg, the hazard ratio of the transition from pre-frail to frail was 0.71 (0.50 to 1.01) for SBP 130–150 mmHg, and 0.90 (0.62 to 1.32) for SBP ≥150 mmHg. Diastolic BP was a weaker predictor of forward transitions.

Conclusions
BP categories had no strong relationship with either forward transitions or backward transitions in frailty states. If our findings are confirmed with greater precision and assuming a causal relationship, they would suggest that there is no well-defined optimal BP level to prevent frailty among older adults.
Quantitative Hilbert Irreducibility and Almost Prime Values of Polynomial Discriminants
Authors: Anderson Theresa C , Gafni Ayla , Lemke Oliver Robert J , Lowry-Duda David , Shakan George , Zhang Ruixiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study two polynomial counting questions in arithmetic statistics via a combination of Fourier analytic and arithmetic methods. First, we obtain new quantitative forms of Hilbert’s Irreducibility Theorem for degree $n$ polynomials $f$ with $\textrm {Gal}(f) \subseteq A_n$. We study this both for monic polynomials and non-monic polynomials. Second, we study lower bounds on the number of degree $n$ monic polynomials with almost prime discriminants, as well as the closely related problem of lower bounds on the number of degree $n$ number fields with almost prime discriminants.
Local Ihara’s Lemma and Applications
Authors: Boyer Pascal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Persistence of nondegeneracy is a phenomenon that appears in the theory of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l$-representations of the linear group: every irreducible submodule of the restriction to the mirabolic sub-representation of a nondegenerate irreducible representation is nondegenerate. This is not true anymore in general, if we look at the modulo $l$ reduction of some stable lattice. As in the Clozel–Harris–Taylor generalization of global Ihara’s lemma, we show that this property, called nondegeneracy persistence and related to the notion of essentially absolutely irreducible and generic representations in the work of Emerton and Helm, remains true for lattices given by the cohomology of Lubin–Tate spaces. As a global application, we give a new construction of automorphic congruences in the Ribet spirit.
Résumé. La persistence de la non dégénérescence est un phénomène qui apparait dans la théorie des $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l$-représentations du groupe linéaire: toute sous-représentation irréductible de la restriction au groupe mirabolique d’une représentation irréductible non dégénérée, est non dégénérée. Ce n’est plus le cas en général pour la réduction modulo $l$ d’un réseau stable. Comme dans la généralisation par Clozel-Harris-Taylor du lemme d’Ihara, nous montrons que cette propriété de non dégénérescence, qui est reliée à la notion de représentation essentiellement absolument générique de Emerton-Helm, reste valide pour les réseaux donnés par la cohomologie des espaces de Lubin-Tate. Nous donnons une application de nature globale en construisant des congruences automorphes dans l’esprit du travail de Ribet.
Gaussian Asymptotics of Jack Measures on Partitions From Weighted Enumeration of Ribbon Paths
Authors: Moll Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we determine two asymptotic results for Jack measures $M(v^{\textrm {out}}, v^{\textrm {in}})$, a measure on partitions defined by two specializations $v^{\textrm {out}}, v^{\textrm {in}}$ of Jack polynomials proposed by Borodin–Olshanski in [10]. Assuming $v^{\textrm {out}} = v^{\textrm {in}}$, we derive limit shapes and Gaussian fluctuations for the anisotropic profiles of these random partitions in three asymptotic regimes associated to vanishing, fixed, and diverging values of the Jack parameter. To do so, we introduce a generalization of Motzkin paths we call “ribbon paths,” show for arbitrary $v^{\textrm {out}}, v^{\textrm {in}}$ that certain Jack measure joint cumulants ${\kappa _n}$ are weighted sums of connected ribbon paths on $n$ sites with $n-1+g$ pairings, and derive our two results from the contributions of $(n,g)=(1,0)$ and $(2,0)$, respectively. Our analysis makes use of Nazarov–Sklyanin’s spectral theory for Jack polynomials. As a consequence, we give new proofs of several results for Schur measures, Plancherel measures, and Jack–Plancherel measures. In addition, we relate our weighted sums of ribbon paths to the weighted sums of ribbon graphs of maps on non-oriented real surfaces recently introduced by Chapuy–Dołęga.
Nutrition and Food Security in Bangladesh: Achievements, Challenges, and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fahim Shah Mohammad , Hossain Md Shabab , Sen Shimul , Das Subhasish , Hosssain Muttaquina , Ahmed Tahmeed , Rahman S M Mustafizur , Rahman Md Khalilur , Alam Shamsul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Bangladesh has experienced remarkable transformation in demographic, health, and nutritional status of the population. The changes have exposed the population to a number of challenges, the detrimental effect of which on health and nutrition is likely to be increased by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide an overview of health and nutritional challenges in Bangladesh in relation to demographic transition and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We identified and reviewed recent reports, published articles, and pertinent gray literature on nutrition and food security in Bangladesh to provide historical and contextual information.

Results
The review identifies the progress as well as existing burden regarding nutrition and food security in Bangladesh and highlights the challenges in the coming days in regard to population growth and the COVID-19 pandemic. The country is on track to reduce all forms of childhood undernutrition, while the proportion of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases is rising owing to changes in dietary intake, low physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusions
Despite remarkable progress, health and nutritional status of the population in Bangladesh faces challenges, particularly in relation to demographic transition and compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, which require concerted attention from policymakers as well as stakeholders.
Spatial Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Northern Ethiopia by Microscopic, Rapid Diagnostic Test, Laboratory Antibody, and Antigen Data
Authors: Leonard Colleen M , Assefa Ashenafi , Sime Heven , Mohammed Hussein , Kebede Amha , Solomon Hiwot , Drakeley Chris , Murphy Matt , Hwang Jimee , Rogier Eric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Determining malaria transmission within regions of low, heterogenous prevalence is difficult. A variety of malaria tests exist and range from identification of diagnostic infection to testing for prior exposure. This study describes the concordance of multiple malaria tests using data from a 2015 household survey conducted in Ethiopia.

Methods
Blood samples (n=2279) from 3 regions in northern Ethiopia were assessed for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax by means of microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, multiplex antigen assay, and multiplex assay for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Geospatial analysis was conducted with spatial scan statistics and kernel density estimation to identify malaria hot spots by different test results.

Results
The prevalence of malaria infection was low (1.4% by rapid diagnostic test, 1.0% by microscopy, and 1.8% by laboratory antigen assay). For P. falciparum, overlapping spatial clusters for all tests and an additional 5 unique IgG clusters were identified. For P. vivax, clusters identified with bead antigen assay, microscopy, and IgG partially overlapped.

Conclusions
Assessing the spatial distribution of malaria exposure using multiple metrics can improve the understanding of malaria transmission dynamics in a region. The relative abundance of antibody clusters indicates that in areas of low transmission, IgG antibodies are a more useful marker to assess malaria exposure.
Rise of Informal Slums and the Next Global Pandemic
Authors: Ross Allen G , Alam Munirul , Rahman Mahbubur , Qadri Firdausi , Mahmood Shehrin S , Zaman Khalequ , Chau Thao N , Chattopadhyay Abhiprasun , Gon Chaudhuri Santi P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Informal slums are growing exponentially in the developing world and these will serve as the breeding ground for a future global pandemic. Virtually every sustainable development goal is unmet in slums around the globe thus we must act now to divert a global humanitarian crisis.
HIV, Placental Lesions, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Maswime, Salome , Pule, Caroline , Mtshali, Zama , Chawana, Richard , Matjila Mushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Africa has the highest number of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In some studies, HIV has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the pathophysiological mechanism leading to adverse fetal outcomes is not known. Maternal vascular malformation, chorioamnionitis, and decreased placental weight have been described as placental features associated with HIV in some studies. The use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced perinatal transmission of HIV and adverse fetal outcomes. However, placental mechanisms associated with HIV and the fetal immune response to maternal HIV infection are poorly understood. Additional research is required to understand whether altered maternal immunity in women living with HIV can trigger fetal responses leading to stillbirth or preterm birth.
Reduced Endometrial Ascension and Enhanced Reinfection Associated With Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Specific Chlamydia trachomatis Proteins in Women at Risk for Chlamydia
Authors: Liu Chuwen , Hufnagel Katrin , O’Connell Catherine M , Goonetilleke Nilu , Mokashi Neha , Waterboer Tim , Tollison Tammy S , Peng Xinxia , Wiesenfeld Harold C , Hillier Sharon L , Zheng Xiaojing , Darville Toni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous research revealed antibodies targeting Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies was not associated with reduced endometrial or incident infection in C. trachomatis–exposed women. However, data on the role of C. trachomatis protein–specific antibodies in protection are limited.

Methods
A whole-proteome C. trachomatis array screening serum pools from C. trachomatis–exposed women identified 121 immunoprevalent proteins. Individual serum samples were probed using a focused array. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody frequencies and endometrial or incident infection relationships were examined using Wilcoxon rank sum test. The impact of the breadth and magnitude of protein-specific IgGs on ascension and incident infection were examined using multivariable stepwise logistic regression. Complementary RNA sequencing quantified C. trachomatis gene transcripts in cervical swab samples from infected women.

Results
IgG to pGP3 and CT_005 were associated with reduced endometrial infection; anti-CT_443, anti–CT_486, and anti–CT_123 were associated with increased incident infection. Increased breadth of protein recognition did not however predict protection from endometrial or incident infection. Messenger RNAs for immunoprevalent C. trachomatis proteins were highly abundant in the cervix.

Conclusions
Protein-specific C. trachomatis antibodies are not sufficient to protect against ascending or incident infection. However, cervical C. trachomatis gene transcript abundance positively correlates with C. trachomatis protein immunogenicity. These abundant and broadly recognized antigens are viable vaccine candidates.
Intervention to Improve Diarrhea-Related Knowledge and Practices Among Informal Healthcare Providers in Slums of Kolkata
Authors: Mahapatra Tanmay , Mahapatra Sanchita , Datta Chakraborty Nandini , Raj Aparna , Bakshi Bhawani , Banerjee Barnali , Saha Snehasish , Guha Abhijit , Dutta Shanta , Kanungo Suman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In the densely populated slums of Kolkata, informal healthcare providers’ (IHP) diarrhea-related knowledge and rationality of practices should be improved to reduce risk of adverse outcome, expenditure, and antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
A multicomponent intervention was conducted among 140 representative IHPs in the slums of 8 wards in Kolkata to assess its impact on their diarrhea-related knowledge and practice. Six intervention modules in local languages were provided (1 per month) with baseline (N = 140) and postintervention (N = 124) evaluation.

Results
Mean overall (61.1 to 69.3; P &lt; .0001) and domain-specific knowledge scores for etiology/spread (5.4 to 8.1; P &lt; .0001), management (6.4 to 7.2; P &lt; .0001), and oral rehydration solution ([ORS] 5.7 to 6.5; P &lt; .0001) increased significantly (at α = 0.05) after intervention and were well retained. Impact on knowledge regarding etiology/spread (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.6; P &lt; .0001), cholera (aOR = 2.0; P = .0041), management (aOR = 3.1; P &lt; .0001), ORS (aOR = 2.3; P = .0008), and overall (aOR = 4.3; P &lt; .0001) were significant. Intervention worked better for IHPs who practiced for ≥10 years (aOR = 3.2; P &lt; .0001), untrained IHPs (aOR = 4.8; P &lt; .0001), and pharmacists (aOR = 8.3; P &lt; .0001). Irrational practices like empirical antibiotic use for every cholera case (aOR = 0.3; P &lt; .0001) and investigation for every diarrhea case (aOR = 0.4; P = .0003) were reduced. Rationality of testing (aOR = 4.2; P &lt; .0001) and antibiotic use (aOR = 1.8; P = .0487) improved.

Conclusions
Multicomponent educational intervention resulted in sustainable improvement in diarrhea-related knowledge and practices among IHPs in slums of Kolkata. Policy implications should be advocated along with implementation and scale-up.
T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulation of PD-1 function
Authors: Sugiura Daisuke , Shimizu Kenji , Maruhashi Takumi , Okazaki Il-mi , Okazaki Taku 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies that target PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) aim to destroy tumors by activating tumor-specific T cells that are otherwise inactivated by PD-1. Although these therapies have significantly improved the outcomes of patients with diverse cancer types and have revolutionized cancer treatment, only a limited proportion of patients benefits from the therapies currently. Therefore, there is a continued need to decipher the complex biology of PD-1 to improve therapeutic efficacies as well as to prevent immune-related adverse events. Especially, the spaciotemporal context in which PD-1 functions and the properties of T cells that are restrained by PD-1 are only vaguely understood. We have recently revealed that PD-1 function is strictly restricted at the activation phase of T-cell responses by the cis-interactions of PD-L1 and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells, which is critical for the induction of optimal T-cell responses. We also found that the sensitivity to the effects of PD-1 in T cells is essentially determined by T-cell-intrinsic factors. In T cells bearing T-cell antigen-receptors (TCRs) with lower affinity to antigenic peptides, PD-1 inhibits the expression of TCR-inducible genes more efficiently; thereby PD-1 preferentially suppresses low-affinity T cells. Thus, PD-1 function is coordinately regulated by various T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that alter the responsiveness of T cells and the availability of PD-1 ligands. Precise and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-1 is expected to facilitate the rational development of effective and safe immunotherapies.
Genomic epidemiology of persistently circulating MDR Shigella sonnei strains associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in Belgium (2013–19)
Authors: Fischer Natalie , Maex Margo , Mattheus Wesley , Van den Bossche An , Van Cauteren Dieter , Laisnez Valeska , Hammami Naïma , Ceyssens Pieter-Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Shigella sonnei resistant to first-line antibiotics azithromycin and ciprofloxacin are on the rise globally. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of MDR S. sonnei in Belgium and to identify origins and circulating clusters through WGS.

Methods
We undertook demographic, temporal and geographical analysis of 930 S. sonnei isolates submitted to the Belgian National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella between 2017 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis of WGS data, genotyping and identification of genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance was performed on 372 Belgian isolates submitted between 2013 and 2019.

Results
S. sonnei was identified in 75% (930/1253) of Belgian Shigella isolates submitted between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 7% (69/930) of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin alone, 6% (57/930) showed reduced susceptibility to azithromycin alone, and 24% (223/930) exhibited both. Men were at higher risk of carrying a double resistant S. sonnei strain, compared with women (risk ratio = 8.6, 95% CI = 5.4–13.9). Phylogenetic analysis revealed four independent Belgian clusters of persistently circulating MDR strains, associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and of the same genotypes as previously described international MSM-related clades. Belgian isolates carried various incompatibility (Inc)-type plasmids, the SpA plasmid and ESBL genes.

Conclusions
In Belgium, S. sonnei isolates from men are much more likely to be resistant to important first-line antibiotics than isolates from women. Multiple co-circulating MDR S. sonnei clusters of different genotypes were identified in the MSM community. Further studies on risk groups are needed for targeted prevention, improved clinical and public health management and antimicrobial stewardship in Belgium.
Considerations of buyer power in merger review
Authors: Angerhofer Tirza J , Blair Roger D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In most horizontal merger reviews, the focus is on the potential for increasing monopoly power, which adversely affects the output market through increased price and reduced quantity, quality, and product variety. For the most part, a merger’s effect on the input markets has been ignored. Recently, however, academics and policymakers have called for considering a merger’s potential for creating or enhancing buyer power in one or more input markets. A good deal of this concern has centered on monopsony in labour markets as real wages have stagnated and labour’s share of income has declined. In order to address the monopsony concern in the USA, Senator Amy Klobuchar proposed a bill that would amend section 7 of the Clayton Act to explicitly include monopsony concerns in merger review. In this article, we explore the economic foundation and empirical evidence for this rising tide of concern with particular emphasis on the labour market. We broaden the significance of our analysis by pointing to allegations of monopsonistic abuse outside labour markets. Finally, we discuss practical problems of implementing monopsony considerations in merger review and the benefits to consumer welfare that may arise.
The OneFlorida Data Trust: a centralized, translational research data infrastructure of statewide scope
Authors: Hogan William R , Shenkman Elizabeth A , Robinson Temple , Carasquillo Olveen , Robinson Patricia S , Essner Rebecca Z , Bian Jiang , Lipori Gigi , Harle Christopher , Magoc Tanja , Manini Lizabeth , Mendoza Tona , White Sonya , Loiacono Alex , Hall Jackie , Nelson Dave 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The OneFlorida Data Trust is a centralized research patient data repository created and managed by the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium (“OneFlorida”). It comprises structured electronic health record (EHR), administrative claims, tumor registry, death, and other data on 17.2 million individuals who received healthcare in Florida between January 2012 and the present. Ten healthcare systems in Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Jacksonville, Tallahassee, Gainesville, and rural areas of Florida contribute EHR data, covering the major metropolitan regions in Florida. Deduplication of patients is accomplished via privacy-preserving entity resolution (precision 0.97–0.99, recall 0.75), thereby linking patients’ EHR, claims, and death data. Another unique feature is the establishment of mother-baby relationships via Florida vital statistics data. Research usage has been significant, including major studies launched in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (“PCORnet”), where OneFlorida is 1 of 9 clinical research networks. The Data Trust’s robust, centralized, statewide data are a valuable and relatively unique research resource.