bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychische Gesundheit von Studierenden
Authors: Koinzer Caroline , Hirsch Kathleen , Richter Ernst Peter , Berth Hendrik 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Studienzeit ist eine Phase, in der die jungen Erwachsenen mit spezifischen Anforderungen konfrontiert werden. Studierende der Medizin gelten als besonders psychisch belastet. Untersuchungen, in denen sie diesbezüglich mit Studienfächern der gleichen Branche verglichen werden, sind jedoch rar.

Fragestellung
Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die psychische Gesundheit von Medizinstudierenden sowie von Gesundheits- und Pflegemanagementstudierenden zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen.

Material und Methoden
Untersucht wurden Studierende der Studiengänge Gesundheits- sowie Pflegemanagement (WHZ) und Medizinstudierende der (TU Dresden). Verschiedene Aspekte psychischer Gesundheit wurden mithilfe eines Online-Fragebogens erhoben. Dieser beinhaltete die Instrumente zur Erfassung der Prüfungsängstlichkeit (TAI-G-Kurzskala) und psychischen Belastung (BSI-18), sowie ein Item zur Ermittlung der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Studienbelastung. 258 Studierende nahmen an der Befragung teil.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Gesamtscores der Prüfungsängstlichkeit und der psychischen Belastung zwischen den Studierenden beider Studienfächer festgestellt werden. Dahingegen gaben Medizinstudierende an, dass sie im Vergleich zu Studierenden der anderen beiden Studienfächer eine signifikant höhere Studienbelastung wahrnehmen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die ermittelten Gesamtscores lagen teilweise über den Werten in vergleichbaren Studien. Die Studierenden sollten bereits präventiv unterstützt werden, um eigene Bewältigungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Nicht nur die Bereitstellung von Hilfen ist notwendig, sondern vielmehr das aktive Eingreifen mithilfe von gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen durch die Institution Hochschule, in die die Studierenden frühzeitig integriert werden sollten.
‘Making Hijra’: mobility, religion and the everyday in the lives of women converts to Islam in the Netherlands
Authors: Vroon-Najem Vanessa , Moors Annelies 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrawing on long term research – including topical life stories, interviews and participant observation – we analyze how women converts to Islam in the Netherlands signify and experience making hijra. Our interlocutors, all observant Muslims, had left the Netherlands between the late 1990s and the mid 2010s. In the course of the last 5 years many have again returned to the Netherlands. Their life courses indicate that physical and existential mobility are interconnected in their everyday lives as well as in their migration trajectories. Whereas they considered conversion to Islam as moving forward, the majority society did not share this perspective. They were sharply aware of how they were no longer seen as self-evidently part of the Dutch nation. This produced feelings of stuckedness - in an existential and a material sense - for themselves and their children, and hence a desire to move to a Muslim majority country. They differed amongst themselves as to whether and how they signified leaving Europe as making hijra in an Islamic sense. To some, making hijra was a highly desirable religious act. Others did not foreground such religious signification, but nonetheless expected positive effects of living in an environment where Islam would be an integral part of daily life. Their attempts to settle in various Muslim majority countries were, however, often not successful. Material conditions made it difficult to enact their ethical aspirations, that included the moral and material wellbeing of others, especially their children. Moreover, their appreciation of the self-evident presence of Islam in the countries of settlement was tempered, first, by the tension between their quest for a reflexive, deculturalized Islam and the culturalized practices they encountered in their new environment, and second, by their growing awareness of how their sense of self was much more shaped by habitual ‘Dutch’ conventions than most of them had envisioned beforehand. As a result they were often unable to develop meaningful social relationships in their new environment. Eventually, almost all of them returned to the Netherlands.
Forest plant and macrofungal differences in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China: A regional-historical comparison and its implications
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wen Hui , Wang Kai , Sun Jingxue , Yu Jinghua , Wang Qinggui , Wang Wenjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForests in Northeast China in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains (GKM and LKM) account for nearly 1/3 of the total state-owned forests in the country. Regional and historical comparisons of forest plants and macrofungi will favor biological conservation, forest management and economic development. A total of 1067 sampling plots were surveyed on forest composition and structure, with a macrofungi survey at Liangshui and Huzhong Nature Reserves in the center of two regions. Regional and historical differences of these parameters were analyzed with a redundancy ordination of their complex associations. There were 61–76 families, 189–196 genera, and 369–384 species, which was only 1/3 of the historical records. The same dominant species were larch and birch with Korean pine (a climax species) less as expected from past surveys in the LKM. Shrub and herb species were different in the two regions, as expected from historical records. There was 10–50% lower species diversity (except for herb evenness), but 1.8- to 4-time higher macrofungi diversity in the GKM. Compared with the LKM, both tree heights and macrofungi density were higher. Nevertheless, current heights averaging 10 m are half of historical records (> 20 m in the 1960s). Edible macrofungi were the highest proportion in both regions, about twice that of other fungal groups, having important roles in the local economy. A major factor explaining plant diversity variations in both regions was herb cover, followed by shrubs in the GKM and herb-dominant species in the LKM. Factors responsible for macrofungi variations were tree density and shrub height. Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Larix gmelinii in the GKM but tree size and diversity were important factors in the LKM. Our findings highlighted large spatial and historical differences between the GKM and LKM in plant-macrofungal composition, forest structure, and their complex associations, which will favor precise conservation and management of forest resources in two region in the future.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Affective Symptoms, and Neuroactive Steroids: a Focus on Allopregnanolone
Authors: Standeven Lindsay R. , Olson Elizabeth , Leistikow Nicole , Payne Jennifer L. , Osborne Lauren M. , Hantsoo Liisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an overview of existing studies on alterations in gonadal and neuroactive steroids (NASs) and mood symptoms among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Recent FindingsRecent studies have demonstrated a previously underappreciated association between PCOS and comorbid depression and anxiety. However, most studies on affective symptoms among women with PCOS have been cross-sectional, limiting our knowledge about fluctuations in symptoms over the menstrual cycle and reproductive lifespan for women with PCOS, as well as the potential interplay between NAS alterations and mood symptoms. Changes in the NAS allopregnanolone (ALLO) have been implicated in several reproductive-related psychiatric disorders (e.g., premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and postpartum depression (PPD)) as well as in normal reproductive functioning, warranting further investigation for its potential role in the psychiatric symptoms observed in women with PCOS.SummaryProspective studies evaluating associations between psychiatric symptoms and NAS are needed to elucidate the biological causes of the increased rates of psychiatric symptoms among women with PCOS and inform clinical treatment. ALLO, with its role in normal reproductive function, menstrual dysregulation among women with PCOS, and reproductive-related psychiatric conditions, makes it a particularly intriguing candidate for future investigation.
Anticipatory Governance in Biobanking: Security and Risk Management in Digital Health
Authors: Rychnovská Dagmar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough big-data research has met with multiple controversies in diverse fields, political and security implications of big data in life sciences have received less attention. This paper explores how threats and risks are anticipated and acted on in biobanking, which builds research repositories for biomedical samples and data. Focusing on the biggest harmonisation cluster of biomedical research in Europe, BBMRI-ERIC, the paper analyses different logics of risk in the anticipatory discourse on biobanking. Based on document analysis, interviews with ELSI experts, and field research, three types of framing of risk are reconstructed: data security, privacy, and data misuse. The paper finds that these logics downplay the broader social and political context and reflects on the limits of the practices of anticipatory governance in biobanking. It argues that this regime of governance can make it difficult for biobanks to address possible future challenges, such as access to biomedical data by authorities, pressures for integrating biobank data with other type of personal data, or their use for profiling beyond medical purposes. To address potential controversies and societal implications related to the use of big data in health research and medicine, the paper suggests to expand the vocabulary and practices of anticipatory governance, in the biobanking community and beyond.
What do females really dream of? An individual-differences perspective on determining how narrative identity affects types of life projects and the ways of telling them
Authors: Kaźmierczak Izabela , Szulawski Michał , Masłowiecka Agnieszka , Zięba Mariusz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a study on life projects (LPs) created by adult females. It aims to show the specifics of future plans and of ideas on aspects of narrative identity in order to extend the existing literature. The study revealed the broad spectrum of LPs, with the most common categories related to study and work, regardless of the narrative identity incorporated into the study. However, separately taken, motives of agency and communion turned out to show some visible differences within the other types of LPs. The adoption of the identity development construct showed the specific meaning that projects had for each subgroup of narrators, who were distinguished based on the identity maturation level. In consequence, it exposed both content and formal aspects of LPs that appeared to differentiate and be characteristic for the next stages of maturity in the surveyed sample.
Somatoform complaints in middle childhood A developmental path-analysis
Authors: Vesterling Christina , Koglin Ute 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRepeatedly occurring somatoform complaints often cause disruptions in children’s daily life, both in family and school settings. Associated with these complaints, there is an increased demand for medical help in the affected children. Despite the frequent occurrence of somatoform complaints in childhood, only a small number of studies have focused on this subject, and the development and maintenance of somatoform complaints have not sufficiently explained to date. Previous research suggests that many different factors are involved, including insecure attachment, a lack of emotion regulation (ER) strategies, and psychiatric behavior problems. The aim of this study is to examine possible pathways describing the interplay of aforementioned factors, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. A nonexperimental cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires were completed by 221 children (female n = 115; Mage = 9.70 years, SDage = .56) reporting on their attachment and ER strategies, and their parents reported on the behavior problems and somatoform complaints. Path analysis revealed a good model fit (Χ2 = p .798, Χ2/df = .415, NFI = .994, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000). Results revealed that attachment anxiety predicted maladaptive ER strategies, and attachment avoidance predicted emotion control. In turn significant paths were found between ER strategies, behavior problems, and somatoform complaints. This study provides a first insight into the underlying mechanisms describing the occurrence of somatoform complaints. Results revealed two developmental pathways, based on attachment quality and mediated through different emotion regulation strategies.Clinical Trial Registration: The project “Impact factors and conditions of somatoform symptoms in childhood within familial and school contexts” is listed in the German Clinical Trails Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00012444) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
How to Think about the Debate over the Reality of Beliefs
Authors: Poslajko Krzysztof 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a new conceptualization of the distinction between realism and anti-realism about beliefs that is based on the division between natural and non-natural properties, as defined by Lewis. It will be argued that although the traditional form of anti-realism about beliefs, namely eliminative materialism, has failed (as it led to unacceptable consequences), there is a possibility to reformulate the division in question. The background assumption of the proposal is the framework of deflationism about truth and existence: it will be assumed that beliefs can be said to exist and their attributions can said to be true. The aim is to show that even when we buy into such assumptions we can meaningfully distinguish between the realist and anti-realist approach to belief. According to the proposal, the paradigmatic anti-realist view on beliefs should be seen as a conjunction of three claims: that belief attributions do not track objective similarities, that beliefs are not causally active, and that there is no viable way of naturalizing content. It will be shown that seeing the debate in the proposed way has important advantages as it allows the issue of belief realism to be made non-trivial and tractable, and it introduces theoretical unity into contemporary metaphysics of beliefs.
Ethics in the Software Development Process: from Codes of Conduct to Ethical Deliberation
Authors: Gogoll Jan , Zuber Niina , Kacianka Severin , Greger Timo , Pretschner Alexander , Nida-Rümelin Julian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoftware systems play an ever more important role in our lives and software engineers and their companies find themselves in a position where they are held responsible for ethical issues that may arise. In this paper, we try to disentangle ethical considerations that can be performed at the level of the software engineer from those that belong in the wider domain of business ethics. The handling of ethical problems that fall into the responsibility of the engineer has traditionally been addressed by the publication of Codes of Ethics and Conduct. We argue that these Codes are barely able to provide normative orientation in software development. The main contribution of this paper is, thus, to analyze the normative features of Codes of Ethics in software engineering and to explicate how their value-based approach might prevent their usefulness from a normative perspective. Codes of Conduct cannot replace ethical deliberation because they do not and cannot offer guidance because of their underdetermined nature. This lack of orientation, we argue, triggers reactive behavior such as “cherry-picking,” “risk of indifference,” “ex-post orientation,” and the “desire to rely on gut feeling.” In the light of this, we propose to implement ethical deliberation within software development teams as a way out.
Neural network based asynchronous synchronization for fuzzy hidden Markov jump complex dynamical networks
Authors: Ma Chao , Hao Liziyi , Fu Hang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the drive-response synchronization problem of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy hidden Markov jump complex dynamical networks. More precisely, a novel asynchronous synchronization control strategy is developed for coping with mismatched hidden jumping modes. Furthermore, the neural network is adopted with online learning laws for unknown function approximation. By taking advantage of Lyapunov method, sufficient conditions are established to ensure mean-square synchronization performance with disturbances. Based on the synchronization criterion, asynchronous controller gains are designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An illustrative example is finally given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization techniques.
Cognitive impairment reversed by cinacalcet administration in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Timmons J. G. , Manners R. , Bailey M. , McDougall C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disorder. Often serum calcium is minimally elevated with few symptoms. In elderly patients with multiple co-morbidities, the decision to “watch and wait” is often most clinically appropriate as operative intervention is associated with high peri-operative risk. We present an elderly patient with mild hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. The clinical decision was initially to watch and wait. The patient subsequently developed cognitive impairment and was diagnosed with mixed Alzheimer’s disease/vascular dementia. She became dependent for all care and housebound. A therapeutic trial of cinacalcet was commenced following a further acute rise in serum calcium. Significant reversal of her functional and cognitive deficit occurred. She was no longer fully dependent. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) improved from 8/30 to 21/30. In vulnerable neural systems, even mild elevation in serum calcium may have a profound effect on cognition and function. We propose a therapeutic trial of cinacalcet in such patients.
Decomposing the Value of Food Labels on Chicken
Authors: Neuhofer Zachary T. , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explores the effects of consumers’ beliefs about labels on chicken. We elicit beliefs associated with seven different labels. By varying the presence/absence of labels in a choice experiment, we are able to determine the effects of labels on consumer choices and decompose the value of labels into beliefs and base utility. Health perceptions have the largest positive effect, and impacts of animal welfare vary by information treatment. We explore the convergent validity of our approach by comparing individual’s beliefs to responses to a best-worst scaling question, which were weakly correlated, suggesting the two approaches are measuring different constructs.
Phylogeny of hymenolepidids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from mammals: sequences of 18S rRNA and COI genes confirm major clades revealed by the 28S rRNA analyses
Authors: Neov B. , Vasileva G.P. , Radoslavov G. , Hristov P. , Littlewood D.T.J. , Georgiev B.B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to test a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among mammalian hymenolepidid tapeworms, based on partial (D1–D3) nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, by estimating new molecular phylogenies for the group based on partial mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes, as well as a combined analysis using all three genes. New sequences of COI and 18S rRNA genes were obtained forCoronacanthus integrus,C.magnihamatus,C.omissus,C.vassilevi,Ditestolepis diaphana,Lineolepis scutigera,Spasskylepis ovaluteri,Staphylocystis tiara,S.furcata,S.uncinata,Vaucherilepis trichophorusandNeoskrjabinolepissp. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the major clades identified by Haukisalmiet al. (Zoologica Scripta39: 631–641, 2010):Ditestolepisclade,Hymenolepisclade,Rodentolepisclade andArostrilepisclade. While theDitestolepisclade is associated with soricids, the structure of the other three clades suggests multiple evolutionary events of host switching between shrews and rodents. Two of the present analyses (18S rRNA and COI genes) show that the basal relationships of the four mammalian clades are branching at the same polytomy with several hymenolepidids from birds (both terrestrial and aquatic). This may indicate a rapid radiation of the group, with multiple events of colonizations of mammalian hosts by avian parasites.
The neural timecourse of American English vowel discrimination by Japanese, Russian and Spanish second-language learners of English
Authors: Shafer Valerie L. , Kresh Sarah , Ito Kikuyo , Hisagi Miwako , Vidal Nancy , Higby Eve , Castillo Daniela , Strange Winifred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of first language (L1) phoneme features and phonetic salience on discrimination of second language (L2) American English (AE) vowels. On a perceptual task, L2 adult learners of English with Spanish, Japanese or Russian as an L1 showed poorer discrimination of the spectral-only difference between /æ:/ as the oddball (deviant) among frequent /ɑ:/ stimuli compared to AE controls. The Spanish listeners showed a significant difference from the controls for the spectral-temporal contrast between /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ for both perception and the neural Mismatch Negativity (MMN), but only for deviant /ɑ:/ versus /ʌ/ (duration decrement). For deviant /ʌ/ versus /ɑ:/, and for deviant /æ:/ versus /ʌ/ or /ɑ:/, all participants showed equivalent MMN amplitude. The asymmetrical pattern for /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ suggested that L2 phonetic detail was maintained only for the deviant. These findings indicated that discrimination was more strongly influenced by L1 phonology than phonetic salience.
Carbon Cycle Response to Temperature Overshoot Beyond 2°C: An Analysis of CMIP6 Models
Authors: Melnikova I. , Boucher O. , Cadule P. , Ciais P. , Gasser T. , Quilcaille Y. , Shiogama H. , Tachiiri K. , Yokohata T. , Tanaka K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a substantial gap between the current emissions of greenhouse gases and levels required for achieving the 2°C and 1.5°C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement. Understanding the implications of a temperature overshoot is thus an increasingly relevant research topic. Here we explore the carbon cycle feedbacks over land and ocean in the SSP5‐3.4‐OS overshoot scenario by using an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 Earth system models. Models show that after the CO2 concentration and air temperature peaks, land and ocean are decreasing carbon sinks from the 2,040s and become sources for a limited time in the 22nd century. The decrease in the carbon uptake precedes the CO2 concentration peak. The early peak of ocean uptake stems from its dependency on the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. The early peak of the land uptake occurs due to a larger increase in ecosystem respiration than the increase in gross primary production, as well as due to a concomitant increase in land‐use change emissions primarily attributed to the wide implementation of biofuel croplands. The carbon cycle feedback parameters amplify after the CO2 concentration and temperature peaks due to inertia of the Earth system so that land and ocean absorb more carbon per unit change in the atmospheric CO2 change (stronger negative feedback) and lose more carbon per unit temperature change (stronger positive feedback) compared to if the feedbacks stayed unchanged. The increased negative CO2 feedback outperforms the increased positive climate feedback. This feature should be investigated under other scenarios.