bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Promoted Stereoselective Glycosylations – Past, Present, Future
Authors: Videcrantz Faurschou Natasha , Marcus Pedersen Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelf‐promoted glycosylations have generally not received much attention, despite having the advantages of being easy to perform and often highly stereoselective. This account covers the work done in this field and the mechanistic aspects of self‐promoted glycosylations are discussed, with a main focus on the stereoselectivity of the reactions. Most self‐promoted glycosylations utilize trichloroacetimidate donors, but examples of self‐promoted reactions with other donors have been described and will be discussed. Self‐promoted glycosylation strategies can provide a basis for new stereoselective glycosylation methodologies.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction via Benzylpalladium Intermediate
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Feng Xiujuan , Bao Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal catalyzed multi‐component reactions have captured the attention of researchers in organic synthesis and drug synthesis due to their advantages of simple operation, easy availability of raw materials and without separation of intermediates. Among the multi‐component reactions, the three‐component processes have been developed into effective organic procedures. This personal account reviews our and other group's studies on the development of three‐component coupling reaction for the rapid construction of two new chemical bonds simultaneously via benzylpalladium intermediates. Catalyst‐switched three‐component reactions of benzyl halides, activated olefins, and allyltributylstannane were successfully conducted to produce the corresponding benzylallylation products. Activation and conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide via π‐benzylpalladium intermediates provide access to a wide range of unsaturated ketones and esters with excellent functional group tolerance. Meanwhile, other methods to produce benzylpalladium intermediates, including Heck insertion of alkenes into arylpalladium complexes, the oxidative addition of benzyl carbonate to palladium complexes and palladium−carbene migratory insertion, were also highlighted.
Digital Storytelling Outcomes and Emotional Experience among Middle School EFL Learners: Robot‐Assisted versus PowerPoint‐Assisted Mode
Authors: Chen Hsieh Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread applications of robots in education, fewer attempts have been made to how robots help middle school students in English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) contexts to tell stories, let alone the probe into student emotions. This mixed‐methods study, therefore, aimed to address these concerns by focusing on digital storytelling outcomes, positive/negative affect, and learner perceptions as the result of different presentation modes (robot‐assisted versus PowerPoint‐assisted). With 52 third‐grade middle school students from two intact classes in a junior high school in Central Taiwan, the results from multiple data sources (pre‐/posttests, an emotion questionnaire, and interview) revealed the benefits of both presentation modes, yet the robot‐assisted mode was more advantageous in contributing to higher storytelling outcomes and more positive emotions. Despite the positive emotions experienced in both presentation modes, the results of the negative emotions were more mixed, as the students in both groups highlighted feeling scared and afraid in digital storytelling preparation and presentation. Suggestions based on the results of the study are provided.
Michigan ZoomIN: Validating Crowd‐Sourcing to Identify Mammals from Camera Surveys
Authors: Gadsden Gabriel I. , Malhotra Rumaan , Schell Justin , Carey Tiffany , Harris Nyeema C. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCamera trap studies have become a popular medium to assess many ecological phenomena including population dynamics, patterns of biodiversity, and monitoring of endangered species. In conjunction with the benefit to scientists, camera traps present an unprecedented opportunity to involve the public in scientific research via image classifications. However, this engagement strategy comes with a myriad of complications. Volunteers vary in their familiarity with wildlife, thus, the accuracy of user‐derived classifications may be biased by the commonness or popularity of species and user‐experience. From an extensive multi‐site camera trap study across Michigan, U.S.A, we compiled and classified images through a public science platform called Michigan ZoomIN. We aggregated responses from 15 independent users per image using multiple consensus methods to assess accuracy by comparing to species identification completed by wildlife experts. We also evaluated how different factors including consensus algorithms, study area, wildlife species, user support, and camera type influenced the accuracy of user‐derived classifications. Overall accuracy of user‐derived classification was 97%; although, several canid (e.g., Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes) and mustelid (e.g., Neovison vison) species were repeatedly difficult to identify by users and had lower accuracy. When validating user‐derived classification, we found that study area, consensus method, and user support best explained accuracy. To overcome hesitancy associated with data collected by untrained participants, we demonstrated their value by showing that the accuracy from volunteers was comparable to experts when classifying North American mammals. Our hierarchical workflow that integrated multiple consensus methods led to more image classifications without extensive training and even when the expertise of the volunteer was unknown. Ultimately, adopting such an approach can harness broader participation, expedite future camera trap data synthesis, and improve allocation of resources by scholars to enhance performance of public participants and increase accuracy of user‐derived data. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Influences of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide on structure, optical and electrical properties of ZnS nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Zhou Xiaoli , Wang Huanping , Huang FeiFei , Xu Shiqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZnS nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. As prepared ZnS nanoparticles have broad emission centered at 457 nm with full width at the half maxima (FWHM) of 113 nm excited at 357 nm, band gap of 3.89 eV, dielectric constant of 4.47 and dielectric loss of 2.40×104, indicating a potential application on light emitting diodes. The influences of CTAB on the structure, optical and electrical properties were investigated systematically at the content range from 0 wt% to 9 wt%. The results show that the proper content of CTAB were absorbed and capped on the surface of ZnS nanoparticles, which reduced the nonradiative defects and increased the zinc vacancies. when the content of CTAB increases from 0 wt% to 7 wt%, the structure of lattice volume, lattice constant and average crystallite size decrease, the optical property of emission intensity enhances, the electrical property of band gap increase, and the electrical properties of dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease.
A new family of AdS4 S-folds in type IIB string theory
Authors: Arav Igal , Cheung K. C. Matthew , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Roberts Matthew M. , Rosen Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We construct infinite new classes of AdS4× S1× S5 solutions of type IIB string theory which have non-trivial SL(2, ℤ) monodromy along the S1 direction. The solutions are supersymmetric and holographically dual, generically, to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs in d = 3. The solutions are first constructed as AdS4× ℝ solutions in D = 5 SO(6) gauged supergravity and then uplifted to D = 10. Unlike the known AdS4× ℝ S-fold solutions, there is no continuous symmetry associated with the ℝ direction. The solutions all arise as limiting cases of Janus solutions of d = 4, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory which are supported both by a different value of the coupling constant on either side of the interface, as well as by fermion and boson mass deformations. As special cases, the construction recovers three known S-fold constructions, preserving $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2 and 4 supersymmetry, as well as a recently constructed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 AdS4× S1× S5 solution (not S-folded). We also present some novel “one-sided Janus” solutions that are non-singular.
Silencing of Mcl-1 overcomes resistance of melanoma cells against TRAIL-armed oncolytic adenovirus by enhancement of apoptosis
Authors: Tolksdorf Beatrice , Zarif Sina , Eberle Jürgen , Hazini Ahmet , Dieringer Babette , Jönsson Franziska , Kreppel Florian , Kurreck Jens , Fechner Henry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Arming of oncolytic viruses with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown as a viable approach to increase the antitumor efficacy in melanoma. However, melanoma cells may be partially or completely resistant to TRAIL or develop TRAIL resistance, thus counteracting the antitumor efficiency of TRAIL-armed oncolytic viruses. Recently, we found that TRAIL resistance in melanoma cells can be overcome by inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1). Here, we investigated whether the cytotoxicity of AdV-TRAIL, an oncolytic adenovirus, which expresses TRAIL after induction by doxycycline (Dox), can be improved in melanoma cells by silencing of Mcl-1. Two melanoma cell lines, the TRAIL-resistant MeWo and the TRAIL-sensitive Mel-HO were investigated. Treatment of both cell lines with AdV-TRAIL resulted in a decrease of cell viability, which was caused by an increase of apoptosis and necrosis. The proapoptotic effects were dependent on induction of TRAIL by Dox and were more pronounced in Mel-HO than in MeWo cells. SiRNA-mediated silencing of Mcl-1 resulted in a further significant decrease of cell viability and a further increase of apoptosis and necrosis in AdV-TRAIL-infected MeWo and Mel-HO cells. However, while in absolute terms, the effects were more pronounced in Mel-HO cells, in relative terms, they were stronger in MeWo cells. These results show that silencing of Mcl-1 represents a suitable approach to increase the cytotoxicity of a TRAIL-armed oncolytic adenovirus in melanoma cells.

Key messages
• Cytotoxicity of TRAIL-expressing adenovirus can be enhanced by silencing of Mcl-1.
• The effect occurs in TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant melanoma cells.
• Increase of apoptosis is the main mechanism induced by Mcl-1 silencing.
Segmentation of photovoltaic module cells in uncalibrated electroluminescence images
Authors: Deitsch Sergiu , Buerhop-Lutz Claudia , Sovetkin Evgenii , Steland Ansgar , Maier Andreas , Gallwitz Florian , Riess Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh resolution electroluminescence (EL) images captured in the infrared spectrum allow to visually and non-destructively inspect the quality of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Currently, however, such a visual inspection requires trained experts to discern different kinds of defects, which is time-consuming and expensive. Automated segmentation of cells is therefore a key step in automating the visual inspection workflow. In this work, we propose a robust automated segmentation method for extraction of individual solar cells from EL images of PV modules. This enables controlled studies on large amounts of data to understanding the effects of module degradation over time—a process not yet fully understood. The proposed method infers in several steps a high-level solar module representation from low-level ridge edge features. An important step in the algorithm is to formulate the segmentation problem in terms of lens calibration by exploiting the plumbline constraint. We evaluate our method on a dataset of various solar modules types containing a total of 408 solar cells with various defects. Our method robustly solves this task with a median weighted Jaccard index of $$94.47\%$$94.47%and an $$F_1$$F1 score of$$97.62\%$$97.62%, both indicating a high sensitivity and a high similarity between automatically segmented and ground truth solar cell masks.
Suitable Spaces for Shape Optimization
Authors: Welker Kathrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe differential-geometric structure of the manifold of smooth shapes is applied to the theory of shape optimization problems. In particular, a Riemannian shape gradient with respect to the first Sobolev metric and the Steklov–Poincaré metric are defined. Moreover, the covariant derivative associated with the first Sobolev metric is deduced in this paper. The explicit expression of the covariant derivative leads to a definition of the Riemannian shape Hessian with respect to the first Sobolev metric. In this paper, we give a brief overview of various optimization techniques based on the gradients and the Hessian. Since the space of smooth shapes limits the application of the optimization techniques, this paper extends the definition of smooth shapes to $$H^{1/2}$$

H

1
/
2

-shapes, which arise naturally in shape optimization problems. We define a diffeological structure on the new space of $$H^{1/2}$$

H

1
/
2

-shapes. This can be seen as a first step towards the formulation of optimization techniques on diffeological spaces.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) versus whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) for myeloma imaging and staging
Authors: Treitl Karla M. , Ricke Jens , Baur-Melnyk Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyeloma-associated bone disease (MBD) develops in about 80–90% of patients and severely affects their quality of life, as it accounts for the majority of mortality and morbidity. Imaging in multiple myeloma (MM) and MBD is of utmost importance in order to detect bone and bone marrow lesions as well as extraosseous soft-tissue masses and complications before the initiation of treatment. It is required for determination of the stage of disease and aids in the assessment of treatment response. Whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) is the key modality to establish the initial diagnosis of MM and is now recommended as reference standard procedure for the detection of lytic destruction in MBD. In contrast, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) has higher sensitivity for the detection of focal and diffuse plasma cell infiltration patterns of the bone marrow and identifies them prior to osteolytic destruction. It is recommended for the evaluation of spinal and vertebral lesions, while functional, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) is a promising tool for the assessment of treatment response. This review addresses the current improvements and limitations of WBCT and WBMRI for diagnosis and staging in MM, underlining the fact that both modalities offer complementary information. It further summarizes the corresponding radiological findings and novel technological aspects of both modalities.
Effectiveness of endoscopic intranasal incision reduction for nasal fractures
Authors: Yan Shu , Jiang Yan , Wang Yan , Chen Kaixuan , Yan Xudong , Sun Xiaohan , Zhang Jisheng , Li Na 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report our experience using endoscopic intranasal incision reduction (EIIR) for nasal fractures and to assess effectiveness of the method.Methods30 patients who underwent EIIR were retrospectively analysed. All the patients were examined by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the preoperative aesthetics and nasal airflow satisfaction and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. VAS aesthetic satisfaction was also scored by two junior doctors.Results3D CT showed that the fracture fragments fitted well in 30 patients postoperatively at 1 month. VAS aesthetics and nasal airflow scores were significantly improved postoperatively at 1, 3 and 6 months compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.01). The VAS aesthetic scores from the two surgeons were also significantly improved (P < 0.01). The minimal cross-sectional area increased from 0.39 ± 0.13 to 0.64 ± 0.13 (P < 0.001), the nasal volume increased from 4.65 ± 0.86 to 6.37 ± 0.94 (P < 0.001) and the total inspiratory airway resistance of the bilateral nasal cavity median decreased from 0.467 Pa/mL/s to 0.193 Pa/mL/s (P < 0.001). There were no technique-related intraoperative complications.ConclusionEIIR was a practical choice, and the aesthetics and nasal airflow were significantly improved in patients with overlapped and displaced bone fragments, patients with fractures of the frontal process of the maxilla (FFPM), patients who underwent failed CR and patients beyond the optimal temporal window.
Continual rehabilitation motivation of patients with postparalytic facial nerve syndrome
Authors: Osthues Maike , Kuttenreich Anna-Maria , Volk Gerd Fabian , Dobel Christian , Strauss Bernhard , Altmann Uwe , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the continued rehabilitation motivation in patients with postparalytic facial synkinesis (PFS).

Methods
In this single-center cross-sectional survey, the multidimensional patient questionnaire for assessment of rehabilitation motivation (PAREMO-20) was used to assess the rehabilitation motivation. Associations Sunnybrook and Stennert index grading, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) survey, general quality of life (SF-36), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, technology commitment and affinity, and interest in further therapy were analyzed.

Results
69 adults with PFS (73% women; median age: 54 years) answered the survey. In comparison to prior treatment forms, there was a significant higher future interest in computer-based home facial training (p < 0.0001). For PAREMO Psychological burden subscore, SF36 Emotional role was the highest negative correlative factor (p < 0.0001). For PAREMO Physical burden subscore, SF-36 General health was the highest negative correlative factor (p = 0.018). Working (p = 0.033) and permanent relationship (p = 0.029) were the only independent factors correlated to PAREMO Social Support Subscore. Higher positive impacts of technology affinity was inversely correlated to PAREMO Knowledge subscore (p = 0.017). Lower SF-36 Role physical subscore p = 0.045) and a lower SF-36 General health (p = 0.013) were correlated to a higher PAREMO Skepticism subscore.

Conclusions
Patients with PFS seem to have a high facial motor and non-motor psychosocial impairment even after several facial therapies. Rehabilitation-related motivation increases with both, higher facial motor and non-motor dysfunction. Social and emotional dysfunction are drivers to be interested in innovative digital therapy forms.
Saliva RNA biomarkers predict concussion duration and detect symptom recovery: a comparison with balance and cognitive testing
Authors: Fedorchak Gregory , Rangnekar Aakanksha , Onks Cayce , Loeffert Andrea C. , Loeffert Jayson , Olympia Robert P. , DeVita Samantha , Leddy John , Haider Mohammad N. , Roberts Aaron , Rieger Jessica , Uhlig Thomas , Monteith Chuck , Middleton Frank , Zuckerman Scott L. , Lee Timothy , Yeates Keith Owen , Mannix Rebekah , Hicks Steven 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe goals of this study were to assess the ability of salivary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) levels to predict post-concussion symptoms lasting ≥ 21 days, and to examine the ability of ncRNAs to identify recovery compared to cognition and balance.MethodsRNA sequencing was performed on 505 saliva samples obtained longitudinally from 112 individuals (8–24-years-old) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Initial samples were obtained ≤ 14 days post-injury, and follow-up samples were obtained ≥ 21 days post-injury. Computerized balance and cognitive test performance were assessed at initial and follow-up time-points. Machine learning was used to define: (1) a model employing initial ncRNA levels to predict persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) ≥ 21 days post-injury; and (2) a model employing follow-up ncRNA levels to identify symptom recovery. Performance of the models was compared against a validated clinical prediction rule, and balance/cognitive test performance, respectively.ResultsAn algorithm using age and 16 ncRNAs predicted PPCS with greater accuracy than the validated clinical tool and demonstrated additive combined utility (area under the curve (AUC) 0.86; 95% CI 0.84–0.88). Initial balance and cognitive test performance did not differ between PPCS and non-PPCS groups (p > 0.05). Follow-up balance and cognitive test performance identified symptom recovery with similar accuracy to a model using 11 ncRNAs and age. A combined model (ncRNAs, balance, cognition) most accurately identified recovery (AUC 0.86; 95% CI 0.83–0.89).ConclusionsncRNA biomarkers show promise for tracking recovery from mTBI, and for predicting who will have prolonged symptoms. They could provide accurate expectations for recovery, stratify need for intervention, and guide safe return-to-activities.
Predictive model estimating the decrease of postoperative gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) in patients after elective laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticular disease
Authors: Posabella Alberto , Steinemann Daniel Christian , Droeser Raoul André , Varathan Nadshathra , Ayçiçek Selin Göksu , Nocera Fabio , von Flüe Markus , Rotigliano Niccolò , Füglistaler Ida 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Growing consideration in quality of life (QoL) has changed the therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from diverticular disease. Patients’ well-being plays a crucial role in the decision-making process. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating patients’ or surgery-related factors influencing the postoperative gastrointestinal function. The aim of this study was to investigate in a predictive model patients or surgical variables that allow better estimation of the postoperative gastrointestinal QoL.

Methods
This observational study retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis between 2004 and 2017. The one-time postoperative QoL was assessed with the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) in 2019. A linear regression model with stepwise selection has been applied to all patients and surgery-related variables.

Results
Two hundred seventy-two patients with a mean age of 62.30 ± 9.74 years showed a mean GIQLI of 116.39±18.25 at a mean follow-up time of 90.4±33.65 months. Women (n=168) reported a lower GIQLI compared to male (n=104; 112.85±18.79 vs 122.11±15.81, p<0.001). Patients with pre-operative cardiovascular disease (n=17) had a worse GIQLI (106.65 ±22.58 vs 117.08±17.66, p=0.010). Finally, patients operated less than 5 years ago (n=63) showed a worse GIQLI compared to patients operated more than 5 years ago (n=209; 111.98±19.65 vs 117.71±17.63, p=0.014).

Conclusions
Female gender and the presence of pre-operative cardiovascular disease are predictive for a decreased postoperative gastrointestinal QoL. Furthermore, patients’ estimation of gastrointestinal functioning seems to improve up to 5 years after surgery.

Graphical abstract