bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Flemming Jennifer A. , Djerboua Maya , Chapman Orli , Ayonrinde Oyedeji , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceAlcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) has high mortality, and rates are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs).ObjectiveTo define the sex-specific epidemiology of AH in AYAs and the association between female sex and liver-related outcomes after a first presentation of AH.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective, population-based cohort study of routinely collected health care data held at ICES from Ontario, Canada, was conducted. Data on AYAs (age, 13-39 years) with first presentation of AH without a history of cirrhosis and/or decompensation from January 1 to December 31, 2022, were included in the analysis.ExposuresStudy year and female sex.Main Outcome and MeasuresOverall and sex-specific yearly rates of AH were compared using Poisson regression and rate ratios (RRs). Associations between female sex and incident cirrhosis and/or decompensation were evaluated using competing risks regression, and liver-related mortality by sex was evaluated with cumulative incidence functions.ResultsA total of 3340 AYAs with AH were identified. Median age was 33 (IQR, 28-36) years, and the population included 1190 (36%) females and 2150 (64%) males. Rates of AH increased by 8% per year (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.09), with yearly rates increasing faster among females (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.12) than males (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.07). A total of 2374 individuals (71%) were alive without cirrhosis 6 months after AH presentation. Of those, 527 (22%) developed incident cirrhosis and/or decompensation after a median follow-up of 4 (IQR, 2-9) years (37% females vs 29% males; P &amp;lt; .001). After adjustment, female sex was associated with a 47% higher subhazard of cirrhosis and/or decompensation compared with male sex (38%) (subhazard, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.23-1.76; P &amp;lt; .001). The cumulative incidence of liver-related mortality at 10 years was higher among females (11.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-14.2%) than males (6.9%; 95% CI, 5.4%-8.6%) (P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceOver the past 2 decades, the rates of AH among AYAs increased significantly, with the greatest increase observed among females. The findings of this study suggest sex-specific interventions to prevent the development of AH and the progression to cirrhosis after an episode of AH are needed.
Radiologist Involvement in Radiation Oncology Peer Review
Authors: Hughes Ryan T. , Razavian Niema B. , Smith Sydney , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Bunch Paul M. , Ponnatapura Janardhana , Royce Trevor J. , Ververs James D. , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Weaver Kathryn E. , Farris Michael K. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceRadiotherapy (RT) plan quality is an established predictive factor associated with cancer recurrence and survival outcomes. The addition of radiologists to the peer review (PR) process may increase RT plan quality.ObjectiveTo determine the rate of changes to the RT plan with and without radiology involvement in PR of radiation targets.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for peer-reviewed articles published from inception up to March 6, 2024. Search terms included key words associated with PR of contoured targets for the purposes of RT planning with or without radiology involvement.Study SelectionStudies reporting PR of contoured radiation targets with or without radiology involvement. Studies were excluded if they lacked full text, reported clinical trial–specific quality assurance, or reported PR without dedicated review of RT targets.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Titles and abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers. In the case of discordance, discussion was used to reach consensus regarding inclusion for full-text review. RT plan changes were characterized as major when the change was expected to have a substantial clinical impact, as defined by the original study. Pooled outcomes were estimated using random-effects models.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome was pooled rate of RT plan changes. Secondary outcomes included pooled rates of major and minor changes to RT targets or organs at risk.ResultsOf 4185 screened studies, 31 reporting 39 509 RT plans were included (390 with radiology and 39 119 without). The pooled rate of plan changes was 29.0% (95% CI, 20.7%-37.2%). Radiologist participation in PR was associated with significant increases in plan change rates (49.4% [95% CI, 28.6%-70.1%] vs 25.0% [95% CI, 17.0%-33.1%]; P = .02) and in clinically relevant major changes (47.0% [95% CI, 34.1%-59.8%] vs 10.2% [95% CI, 4.6%-15.8%]; P &amp;lt; .001). There was no difference in minor changes (15.2% [95% CI, 9.7%-20.6%] vs 13.8% [95% CI, 9.3%-18.3%]; P = .74). Subgroup analyses identified increases in the rates of changes to the gross tumor and planning target volumes with radiology-based PR. The highest rates of plan changes were observed in head and neck or lung cancer studies, studies performing PR prior to RT planning, and prospective studies.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis of radiation oncology PR of contoured targets, radiologist involvement in peer review was associated with a significant increase in the rate of total and clinically meaningful changes to the RT targets with no change in minor change rates. These results support the value of interdisciplinary collaboration with radiology during RT planning.
Chiral Engineered Biomaterials: New Frontiers in Cellular Fate Regulation for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Zhang Xin , Xie Denghui , Chen Chunying , Huang Zhifeng , Li Zhong Alan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChirality, the property of objects that are nonsuperimposable on their mirror images, plays a crucial role in biological processes and cellular behaviors. Chiral engineered biomaterials have emerged as a promising approach to regulating cellular fate in regenerative medicine. However, few reviews provide a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in chiral biomaterials and their applications in cellular fate regulation. Herein, various fabrication techniques available for chiral biomaterials, including the use of chiral molecules, surface patterning, and self‐assembly are discussed. The mechanisms through which chiral biomaterials influence cellular responses, such as modulation of adhesion receptors, intracellular signaling, and gene expression, are explored. Notably, chiral biomaterials have demonstrated their ability to guide stem cell differentiation and augment tissue‐specific functions. The potential applications of chiral biomaterials in musculoskeletal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and wound healing are highlighted. Challenges and future perspectives, including standardization of fabrication methods and translation to clinical settings, are addressed. In conclusion, chiral engineered biomaterials offer exciting prospects for precisely controlling cellular fate, advancing regenerative medicine, and enabling personalized therapeutic strategies.
A Precision Mo4VC4‐Based Nanomedicine for Effective Cancer Elimination by Harnessing Senescence Induction and Immunogenic Response
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Feng Lili , Zhu Yanlin , Yu Chenghao , Zyuzin Mikhail V. , Gai Shili , Chen Desheng , Zhang Siming , Zhu Haixia , Yang Piaoping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterest in therapies that influence cell senescence to regulate cancer cell is increasing. However, the understanding of the prolonged state of senescent cells and the interactions involved when utilizing therapies that promote senescence alongside other techniques to suppress cancer progression is limited. This study introduces an innovative artificial nanozyme named MVPR, constructed from vanadium MXene (Mo4VC4) combined with the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors Palbociclib and Arg‐Gly‐Asp, for the precise targeting of cancer cell membranes. Within the tumor environment, MVPR initiates a cascade of catalytic reactions, boosting glutathione consumption, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the damage from ROS exceeds the cellular repair capabilities, the redox balance of tumor cells is disrupted, resulting in cell apoptosis. Alternatively, cancer cell senescence can be triggered under different circumstances. Senescent cancer cells impede their own and nearby cancer cell growth by releasing cytokines, thereby effectively curtail uncontrolled proliferation. Furthermore, the immune response triggered by senescent cell recruitment and the response evoked by metal ions in MVPR together enhance the immunotherapeutic effect, boosting immune system activity and augmenting CD4+/CD8+ T cell proliferation. Cancer cells are effectively eliminated through the combined actions of pro‐senescence, enzyme catalysis, and immunogenic response. This study proposes a pro‐senescence strategy for anti‐tumor therapy.
Soft‐Hard Magnetic Transformable Coaxial Fiber with Multimodal Deformations
Authors: Liu Zhouming , Zhang Yuanxi , Cai Juying , Chen Fuqian , Zhao Ke , Li Yuanyuan , Xie Xi , Du Shiwei , Xu Tiantian , Jiang Lelun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic soft materials have been extensively utilized in the development of soft robots. However, they usually fail to achieve programmable soft‐hard magnetic transformations, limiting multimodal magnetoactive deformation and locomotion. Herein, a coaxial magnetic fiber (CMF) consisting of a porous polydimethylsiloxane (p‐PDMS) sheath and a core of sodium alginate sol (SAS) mixed with neodymium‐iron‐boron (NdFeB) particles (NdFeB@SAS) is reported, fabricated using intermittent coaxial 3D printing. The CMF can reversibly transition between a hard magnetic state (coercivity Hcm 6900 Oe and remanence Mr 61 emu g−1) and a soft magnetic state (Hcm 450 Oe and Mr 16 emu g−1) through the solvent exchange strategy, achieving a ≈15‐fold change in coercivity and a ≈4‐fold increase in remanence. Three CMF‐based samples are constructed and programmed with varying soft‐hard magnetic profiles, exhibiting multimodal magnetoactive deformation. Moreover, under a fluctuating magnetic field, a bionic butterfly robot can flap its wings over a vertical branch without falling. A magnetic brush is also constructed to paint origami objects using magnetic actuation. These demonstrations underscore that the responsiveness of the CMF to global magnetic fields can be locally tailored, allowing for the coexistence of attraction and repulsion in various regions of the CMF, providing a novel approach for developing soft robots.
A High‐Performance Miniaturized Frequency Shift Detection System for QCM‐Based Gravimetric Sensing
Authors: Gao Chenyang , Fan Shuyu , Li Wei , Wang Yongbing , Xia Qianwen , Hou Dibo , Cao Yunqi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicro‐gravimetric sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are capable of detecting trace substances and even single nanoparticles in various fields due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. As a resonant sensor, the detection response of QCM requires frequency analysis instruments with high precision like a frequency counter and a vector network analyzer to measure its frequency shift during mass sensing. However, such bulky and high‐cost instruments undoubtedly hinder the applications of QCM‐based sensors outside the laboratory such as in situ and portable detection. In this paper, a high‐performance miniaturized frequency shift detection system based on a phase‐locked loop (PLL) circuit, is developed for QCM measurement. The designed system achieves high detection sensitivity of frequency shift as 1.859 mV Hz−1 with the Allan deviation of 0.49 mV at 0.15s and frequency resolution of 0.26 Hz, which is conducive to achieving the detection of trace substance by QCM. The excellent measuring performance is further validated by measuring the frequency response of QCM during mass sensing in a gaseous environment and aqueous solution. As a result, compared with a commercial frequency counter, the superior linearity and accuracy of over 98.4% were confirmed with a mean relative error (MRE) of less than 0.92%.
Sustainable Permeable Reactive Barrier Materials for Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metals‐Contaminated Soil
Authors: Naseer Ufra , Ali Muhammad , Younis Muhammad Adnan , Du Zhengping , Mushtaq Asim , Yousaf Muhammad , Qiu Chuntian , Yue Tianxiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThegreen and sustainable remediation technologies in curing heavy metals (HMs)‐contaminated soil require recyclable, cost‐effective, and sustainable materials to achieve good health, and sustainable goals. Electrokinetic remediation coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (EKR‐PRB) has been recognized as a viable technique for remedying HMs‐contaminated soil, owing to its passive operation, inexpensiveness, and environmental compatibility. However, most fillermaterials in PRB are expensive and environmentally unfriendly, affecting thesustainable development goals of the planet. This review comprehensivelyexamines the current progress on using waste/recyclable materials as fillermaterials in EKR‐PRB to remove toxic HMs from contaminated soil. These materialsare waste/recyclable materials, biochar, charcoals, and cork, which have shownhigh potential as EKR‐PRB fillers in extracting HM‐contaminated soil. Thesematerials provide a path to reduce both remediation costs and environmentalimpact, enhancing the practicality and sustainability of the EKR‐PRBapplication. The review commences with a brief discussion of the fundamentalsof EKR‐PRB and key operational parameters affecting the remediationperformance, with a focus on the ecological and economic benefits associatedwith these novel filler materials. Ultimately, it presents future perspectivesand outlines critical challenges in scaling up the application of sustainablePRB materials for effective and environmentally responsible soil remediation.
Strain Effects in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Siying , Ruan Weidong , Guan Jingqi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs a frontier method for adjusting the electronic and geometric configurations of metal sites, lattice strain engineering plays a key role in regulating the interaction between catalytic surface and adsorbed molecules. Here, the research progress of strain effects in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) is reviewed. Starting from the basic principles of strain effects in the CO2RR, the advanced in situ characterization techniques are summarized. The key effect of strain on the structure–activity relationship in CO2RR is comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the electrocatalysts with different properties rich in strain are classified, including core–shell structure catalysts, alloys, transition metal compounds, and single‐atom catalysts. Finally, the obstacles encountered in the practical application of strain effect are proposed, and the future research direction of this emerging field is prospected.
VS2/Bi2S3 Spring‐Type Heterointerfaces Hollow Microspheres with Spatial Confinement and Vacancy Defects for Fast‐Charging and Ampere‐Hour Scale Pouch Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Li Enzhi , Wang Mingshan , Xu Wen , Höche Daniel , Feng Yuanlong , Chen Junchen , Yu Bo , Guo Bingshu , Ma Zhiyuan , Huang Yun , Li Xing , Cao Guozhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptimizing electrochemical kinetics by regulation ion/charge transfer efficiency and stabilizing the electrode structure of electrode materials is crucial to maximize the rapid charging and long cycling sodium‐ion storage. Herein, VS2/Bi2S3 spring‐type heterointerfaces hollow microspheres with spatial confinement and sulfur vacancy defects are synthesized as a fast‐charging anode for sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs). The experimental studies coupled with density functional theory calculations verify that the strong coupling between VS2 and Bi2S3 induces a stable built‐in electric field, largely promoting the charge and sodium‐ion transfer efficiency. Sulfur vacancy defects at the heterointerfaces produce additional sodium‐ion pseudocapacitive storage, which improves the reversible capacity and large‐rate fast charge performance of the VS2/Bi2S3 electrode. Finite element analysis and in situ expansion test confirm that the spring‐type heterostructured hollow microspheres formed by flat‐morphology VS2 and zigzag‐morphology Bi2S3 stacking mitigate the lattice expansion and contraction during sodium‐ion insertion/extraction, accommodate the mechanical stresses, and maintain the integrity of the heterojunction interface. When employed in coin SIHC, it achieves a high energy/power density of 135 Wh kg−1/22 kW kg−1, and an ultralong life of 50 000 cycles; the assembled pouch SIHC (1 Ah) demonstrates a high specific energy of 120 Wh kg−1 with fast‐charging at 10 C, and 95.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Continuous flow synthesis of di‐tert‐butyl peroxide in microreactors and kinetic study
Authors: Xu Yuyang , Zhao Shuainan , Yang Lixia , Yao Chaoqun , Guo Letao , Yang Mei , Lian Yingjiang , Chen Guangwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDi‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a widely used organic peroxide. Its synthesis using tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) and H2O2 via traditional batch processes has suffered from low space–time yield, uncontrollable product distribution, and safety issues. An efficient continuous‐flow microreaction system was proposed to enhance DTBP synthesis. Optimal reaction conditions were determined: a molar ratio of 1.5 (H2SO4/TBA) and 0.5 (H2O2/TBA), a reaction temperature of 50°C, and concentrations of 75 wt% H2SO4, 85 wt% TBA, and 50 wt% H2O2. A kinetic model was established, indicating that reducing local H2O2 concentration is key to increasing space‐time yield. Consequently, a novel two‐stage H2O2 feeding strategy was proposed, which improved the DTBP selectivity from 94.7% to 97.6% compared to the single‐stage feeding process. The maximum TBA conversion reached upto 98.7% within only 410 s, with a DTBP yield of 96.3%. With proper design and optimization, this microreaction system could be further applied to continuously synthesize other dialkyl peroxides.
Wild Tibetan Macaques Use a Route‐Based Mental Map to Navigate in Large‐Scale Space
Authors: Cheng Shi , Li Bo‐Wen , Garber Paul A. , Xia Dong‐Po , Li Jin‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany animals face significant challenges in locating and acquiring resources that are unevenly distributed in space and time. In the case of nonhuman primates, it remains unclear how individuals remember goal locations and whether they navigate using a route‐based or a coordinate‐based mental representation when moving between out‐of‐sight feeding and resting sites (i.e., large‐scale space). Here, we examine spatial memory and mental map formation in wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) inhabiting a mountainous, forested ecosystem characterized by steep terrain that limits direct vision to 25 meters. We used an instantaneous scan sampling technique at 10‐min intervals to record the behavior and location of macaques on Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, China, from September 2020 to August 2023. Over 214 days, we obtained 7180 GPS points of the macaques' locations. Our study revealed that the macaques reused 1264 route segments (average length 204.26 m) at least four times each. The number of feeding and resting sites around the habitual route segment, terrain roughness, and dense vegetation areas significantly influenced the use of route segments by our study group. In addition, we found evidence that the monkeys reused 48 nodes to reorient their travel path. We found that monkeys approached a revisited foraging or resting site from the same limited set of directions, which is inconsistent with a coordinate‐based spatial representation. In addition, the direction in which the macaques left a feeding or resting site was significantly different from the straight‐line direction required to reach their next feeding or resting site, suggesting that the macaques frequently reoriented their direction of travel to reach their goal. Finally, on average, macaques traveled 24% (CI = 1.24) farther than the straight‐line distance to reach revisited feeding and resting sites. From our robust data set, we conclude that Tibetan macaques navigate large spaces using a route‐based mental representation that appears to help them locate food resources in dense, rugged montane forests and heterogeneous habitats.
Prediction of Central Post‐Stroke Pain by Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Asseyer Susanna , Panagoulas Eleni , Maidhof Jana , Villringer Kersten , Al Esra , Chen Xiuhui , Krause Thomas , Hardikar Samyogita , Villringer Arno , Jungehülsing Gerhard Jan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveAmong patients with acute stroke, we aimed to identify those who will later develop central post‐stroke pain (CPSP) versus those who will not (non‐pain sensory stroke [NPSS]) by assessing potential differences in somatosensory profile patterns and evaluating their potential as predictors of CPSP.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal study on 75 acute stroke patients with somatosensory symptoms, we performed quantitative somatosensory testing (QST) in the acute/subacute phase (within 10 days) and on follow‐up visits for 12 months. Based on previous QST studies, we hypothesized that QST values of cold detection threshold (CDT) and dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) would differ between CPSP and NPSS patients before the onset of pain. Mann–Whitney U‐tests and mixed analysis of variances with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare z‐normalized QST scores between both groups.ResultsIn total, 26 patients (34.7%) developed CPSP. In the acute phase, CPSP patients showed contralesional cold hypoesthesia compared to NPSS patients (p = 0.04), but no DMA differences. Additional exploratory analysis showed NPSS patients exhibit cold hyperalgesia on the contralesional side compared to the ipsilesional side, not seen in CPSP patients (p = 0.011). A gradient‐boosting approach to predicting CPSP from QST patterns before pain onset had an overall accuracy of 84.6%, with a recall and precision of 75%. Notably, both in the acute and the chronic phase, approximately 80% of CPSP and NPSS patients showed bilateral QST abnormalities.InterpretationCold perception differences between CPSP and NPSS patients appear early post stroke before pain onset. Prediction of CPSP through QST patterns seems feasible. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:507–520