bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and antiviral defense
Authors: Ke Po‐Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTargeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy not only maintains cellular homeostasis but also counteracts the effects of external stimuli, including invading pathogens. Among various kinds of pathogens, viruses have been extensively shown to induce autophagy to benefit viral growth in infected cells and to modulate host defense responses, such as innate antiviral immunity. Recently, numerous lines of evidence have implied that virus‐induced autophagy triggers multilayer mechanisms to regulate the innate antiviral response of host cells, thus promoting a balance in virus–host cell interactions. In this review, the detailed mechanisms underlying autophagy and the innate antiviral immune response are first described. Then, I summarize the current information regarding the diverse functional role(s) of autophagy in the control of antiviral defenses against different types of viral infections. Moreover, the physiological significance of autophagy‐regulated antiviral responses on the viral life cycle and the potential autophagy alterations induced by virus‐associated antiviral signaling is further discussed.
Toward a culturally humble practice: Critical consciousness as an antecedent
Authors: Lee Aiesha T. , Haskins Natoya Hill 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe death of George Floyd in May of 2020 re‐awakened the world to the social injustices in America. As the Black Lives Matter movement sparked protests in the streets of countries around the world, mental health professionals grappled with how best to support those they serve. While cultural competence has historically been the field's response, cultural humility has been promoted as an additional component of culturally responsive care. Since its adoption into counseling, scholars have attempted to better understand the phenomenon of cultural humility through analyses, measurement development, and theory development. In this article, the authors attempt to deepen an understanding of cultural humility by conceptualizing its development through critical consciousness. As a model created to liberate the oppressed, the authors propose critical consciousness as the foundation from which counselors can enact cultural humility.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 1
Authors: Fujimoto Kenzo , Ichikawa Masakatsu , Nakamura Shigetaka 
Published: December 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Photoinduced aggregation of liposome modified with DNA containing ultrafast DNA photo‐cross‐linker by Kenzo Fujimoto, Masakatsu Ichikawa, and Shigetaka Nakamura., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6941.
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Dilated and soft attention‐guided convolutional neural network for breast cancer histology images classification
Authors: Zhong Yutong , Piao Yan , Zhang Guohui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and histopathological imaging is considered the gold standard for its diagnosis. However, the great complexity of histopathological images and the considerable workload make this work extremely time‐consuming, and the results may be affected by the subjectivity of the pathologist. Therefore, the development of an accurate, automated method for analysis of histopathological images is critical to this field. In this article, we propose a deep learning method guided by the attention mechanism for fast and effective classification of haematoxylin and eosin‐stained breast biopsy images. First, this method takes advantage of DenseNet and uses the feature map's information. Second, we introduce dilated convolution to produce a larger receptive field. Finally, spatial attention and channel attention are used to guide the extraction of the most useful visual features. With the use of fivefold cross‐validation, the best model obtained an accuracy of 96.47% on the BACH2018 dataset. We also evaluated our method on other datasets, and the experimental results demonstrated that our model has reliable performance. This study indicates that our histopathological image classifier with a soft attention‐guided deep learning model for breast cancer shows significantly better results than the latest methods. It has great potential as an effective tool for automatic evaluation of digital histopathological microscopic images for computer‐aided diagnosis.
T‐cell lymphoma, B‐cell lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndrome harboring common mutations: Trilineage tumorigenesis from a common founder clone
Authors: Yoshihara Kyoko , Nannya Yasuhito , Matsuda Ikuo , Samori Mami , Utsunomiya Nobuto , Okada Masaya , Hirota Seiichi , Ogawa Seishi , Yoshihara Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 64‐year‐old man with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) subsequently developed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Genomic profiling of AITL, DLBCL, and MDS samples revealed that the tumor cells from all samples shared common mutations in TET2 and DNMT3A. In addition, the IDH2 mutation was observed in AITL, and TP53 mutation was observed in DLBCL and MDS. These findings illustrate the clonal relationship between AITL and DLBCL in addition to AITL and MDS, with the latter being increasingly reported. The present findings strongly support the theory of multistep and multilineage tumorigenesis from a common founder clone.
Construction of substituted pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines via [5+1] cyclization of pyrazole‐arylamines with alcohols/amines in one pot
Authors: Tang Dong , Mu Yangxiu , Iqbal Zafar , He Lili , Jiang Rui , Hou Jing , Yang Zhixiang , Yang Minghua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinoline derivatives, by reacting (1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)anilines and readily available alcohols/amines. A wide range of substrates with diverse functional groups were smoothly converted to the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, under optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the strategy also proceeded well with thiol and amino acid to access pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinoline derivatives.
Synoptic circulation changes over Central Europe from 1900 to 2100: Reanalyses and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6
Authors: Herrera‐Lormendez Pedro , Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Douville Hervé , Hoy Andreas , Matschullat Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile the evidence for anthropogenic climate change continues to strengthen, and concerns about severe weather events are increasing, global projections of regional climate change are still uncertain due to model‐dependent changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation, including over North Atlantic and Europe. Here, the Jenkinson–Collison classification of daily circulation patterns is used to evaluate past and future changes in their seasonal frequencies over Central Europe for the 1900–2100 period. Three reanalyses and eight global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, were used based on daily mean sea‐level pressure data. Best agreement in deriving relative frequencies of the synoptic types was found between the reanalyses. Global models can generally capture the interannual variability of circulation patterns and their climatological state, especially for the less frequent synoptic types. Based on historical data and the shared socioeconomic pathway 5 scenario, the evaluated trends show more robust signals during summer, given their lesser internal variability. Increasing frequencies were found for circulation types characterized by weak pressure gradients, mainly at the expense of decreasing frequencies of westerlies. Our findings indicate that given a high‐emission scenario, these signals will likely emerge from past climate variability towards the mid‐21st century for most altered circulation patterns.
Skilful long‐lead hybrid predictions of the East African short‐rains season
Authors: Colman Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the skill of predictions of the East African short‐rains (October–December) season, of up to 5 months lead, based on a two‐stage dynamical/statistical hybrid approach. The statistical component is a well‐established, zero‐month lead, method based on observed ocean‐scale patterns of July–September sea surface temperature. A strong advantage of using this method is that its skill is high and also very robustly measured – a correlation of 0.77 between forecast and observed area‐mean rainfall is achieved over the 26 years of real‐time forecasts. Here, we extend the lead time by driving the statistical component with predicted July–September sea surface temperatures available from a number of dynamical model seasonal prediction systems. There is correlation skill near 0.5 for models initialized in May and positive skill from forecasts initialized as early as the previous October.
Evaluation of stress, serum, and salivary ghrelin and cortisol levels in smokers and non‐smokers with Stage III periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rahate Priyanka S. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Kolte Abhay P. , Lathiya Vrushali N. , Gupta Madhur , Chari Suresh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the serum and salivary ghrelin and cortisol levels in smokers and non‐smokers with Stage III Periodontitis.MethodsThe present study comprised of a total of 90 systemically healthy patients categorized in three groups: Group I‐ Periodontally healthy patients; Group II‐Non‐smokers with Stage III Periodontitis and Group III‐Smokers with Stage III periodontitis. Clinical parameters of Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment levels (CAL), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) were recorded and biochemical parameters of serum and salivary ghrelin and cortisol levels were analyzed via Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Stress levels were assessed using Zung's self‐rating depression scale.ResultsSerum and salivary ghrelin values were found to be higher in Group II (620.25 ± 260.86 pg/mL, 892.40 ± 271.65 pg/mL respectively) as compared to Group III. Similarly, salivary as well as serum cortisol levels were higher in Group III (20.78 ± 9.23 pg/mL, 399.37 ±189.21 pg/mL respectively) as compared to Group II (16.36 ± 8.88 pg/mL, 320.68 ± 107.01 pg/mL respectively). In Group III, a direct correlation was observed between stress, serum and salivary cortisol levels while an inverse correlation was found between stress, serum and salivary ghrelin levels. Group III showed a greater number of depressed patients followed by Group II and I.ConclusionAs per the results smokers with Stage III Periodontitis exhibit an elevated stress and cortisol levels, lower serum and salivary ghrelin levels as compared to the non‐smokers.
Analysis of interaction between mechanical force and chemical effect in cleaning phenomenon by probability density functional method
Authors: Oya‐Hasegawa Miyako , Sato Yuya , Oya Masaru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProbability density functional method was used to determine whether interaction between mechanical force and chemical action in cleaning was an additive effect, a synergistic effect, or an offsetting effect. As a soiled sample, iron (III) oxide soiled fabric, Sudan IV soiled fabric, commercially available artificial soiled fabric containing mixed stains, etc. were used and washed with a tergotometer. Mean value μrl and standard deviation σrl of the cleaning force distribution were calculated by using probability density functional method, and the interaction was judged using Δμrl which is the difference between μrl obtained under the two conditions. As results, additive effects between the mechanical force and the pH effect were confirmed in the cleaning of iron (III) oxide soiled fabric and commercially available artificially soiled fabric, and an additive effect between the mechanical force and the effect of the surfactant concentration was confirmed in the cleaning of Sudan IV soiled fabric. Therefore, it was presumed that an additive effect is often established between the mechanical action and the chemical action in cleaning, rather than a synergistic effect or an offsetting effect.
Ultraviolet‐visual spectroscopy estimation of nitrate concentrations in surface waters via machine learning
Authors: Maguire Timothy J. , Dominato Karlynne R. , Weidman R. Paul , Mundle Scott O. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐frequency acquisition of nutrient concentrations in rivers is needed to generate nutrient loading estimates commensurate with flow and discharge data. Although the combination of field sampling and laboratory analysis is the standard approach to riverine water quality analysis, this strategy is expensive and can miss important storm‐related events. Ultraviolet‐visual (UV–Vis) spectroscopy is widely used in drinking water and wastewater systems for high‐frequency concentration estimates. However, surface waters present a unique challenge as co‐occurring constituents in environmental samples cause spectral interference at the wavelengths used to measure concentrations of dissolved nutrients. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), Lasso regression (Lasso), and stepwise multivariate linear regression (Stepwise) models can be effective predictors of nitrate concentrations using UV–Vis absorbance and are used in many available in‐situ nitrate sensors; however, the proliferation of user‐friendly open‐source machine learning (ML) algorithms offers an opportunity to use sophisticated big‐data techniques to predict nutrient concentrations in surface waters. We collected samples from four rivers across southern Ontario with a variety of nitrate concentrations, flow regimes, and interfering co‐contaminants. We demonstrated that ML applications of random forest and gradient boosting models significantly outperformed PLSR, Lasso, and Stepwise methodologies to estimate nitrate concentrations in complex environmental samples via UV–Vis absorbance. Importantly, ML applications outcompete current models at low concentrations. This new predictive methodology provides regulators and stakeholders an opportunity to establish low cost, continuous monitoring environmental programs using UV–Vis approaches.
Secondary Prophylaxis of Gastric Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Osman Karim T. , Nayfeh Tarek , Abdelfattah Ahmed M. , Alabdallah Khaled , Hasan Bashar , Firwana Mohammed , Alabaji Homam , Elkhabiry Lina , Mousa Jehan , Prokop Larry J. , Murad M. Hassan , Gordon Fredric 
Published: December 2021

There is no clear consensus regarding the optimal approach for secondary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleeding (GVB) in patients with cirrhosis. We conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of available treatments. A comprehensive search of several databases from each database's inception to March 23, 2021, was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Outcomes of interest were rebleeding and mortality. Results were expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to rate the certainty of evidence. We included 9 RCTs with 647 patients who had histories of GVB and follow‐ups >6 weeks. A total of 9 interventions were included in the NMA. Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) was associated with a lower risk of rebleeding when compared with β‐blockers (RR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.26; low certainty), and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS)–cyanoacrylate (CYA) (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.77; low certainty). β‐blockers were associated with a higher risk of rebleeding compared with most interventions and with increased mortality compared with EIS‐CYA (RR, 4.12, 95% CI, 1.50‐11.36; low certainty), and EIS‐CYA + nonselective β‐blockers (RR, 5.61; 95% CI, 1.91‐16.43; low certainty). Analysis based on indirect comparisons suggests that BRTO may be the best intervention in preventing rebleeding, whereas β‐blocker monotherapy is likely the worst in preventing rebleeding and mortality. Head‐to‐head RCTs are needed to validate these results.
BUILDING BRIDGES: HARNESSING A CRITICAL LEADERSHIP SKILL FOR A DIVERSE WORLD
Authors: Singh Deanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe author, who is a bi‐racial woman with a father from India, and a mother from Mississippi, describes her work as Founder and Chief Change Agent of Flying Elephant, an umbrella organization for four social ventures. By observing her parents when she was growing up, “I learned how to build bridges myself, even in the most extreme situations.” She discusses a diversity, equity, and inclusion/DEI framework that she uses with top executives of various organizations. She explains that “the first step in the bridge‐building process is for the organization to lay a foundation for its DEI goals.” These address “three organizational layers: people, practices, and operations.” Rather than explain each of the further layers in this framework, the article focuses on “your starting point as an individual.” Further explanation is provided under the following headings, which in her words are: Learn how to identify your unique position, Pinpoint privileges that society affords your identities, Recognize how your background changes your perspective, Appreciate how the social experience of others influences them, and Develop strategies for elevating others for the benefit of all. You will be “fully celebrating identity and taking concrete steps as a leader to make the world around you more equitable.”
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry in the world of small molecules
Authors: Damont Annelaure , Legrand Anaïs , Cao Chenqin , Fenaille François , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe combined use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) and mass spectrometry (MS), referred to as HDX‐MS, is a powerful tool for exploring molecular edifices and has been used for over 60 years. Initially for structural and mechanistic investigation of low‐molecular weight organic compounds, then to study protein structure and dynamics, then, the craze to study small molecules by HDX‐MS accelerated and has not stopped yet. The purpose of this review is to present its different facets with particular emphasis on recent developments and applications. Reversible H/D exchanges of mobilizable protons as well as stable exchanges of non‐labile hydrogen are considered whether they are taking place in solution or in the gas phase, or enzymatically in a biological media. Some fundamental principles are restated, especially for gas‐phase processes, and an overview of recent applications, ranging from identification to quantification through the study of metabolic pathways, is given.
A W‐band sparse phased array antenna withultrahighsparsity for radar applications
Authors: Xiao Runjun , Shi Yu , Ding Zhuofu , Tang Ming‐Chun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA sparse phased array with 4% sparsity is developed for advanced low‐cost W‐band radar applications. A high‐order radiation mode‐based substrate‐integrated waveguide antenna featuring waveguide feeding is employed as the antenna element to achieve feeding loss reduction and antenna gain enhancement. An improved optimization technique is adopted to optimize the antenna element distribution. The combination of the element distribution and the antenna element radiation pattern achieves grating lobe suppression. Both the simulation and measurement results show that a ±15° beam scanning range can be achieved, and the level of the measured normal and scanning sidelobes is lower than −18 dB and −13 dB, respectively.
Design of novel compact SISL filters with multiple TZs based on patch resonators
Authors: Gao Wei , Ma Kaixue , Wang Yongqiang , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis letter presents two compact filters using patch resonators based on the substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) technology platform. First, a bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple coupling schemes is designed by using a shorted‐stub‐loaded patch resonator. Two shorted stepped‐impedance resonators are working together to form the third‐order BPF. A 98.18% size reduction is achieved, and five transmission zeros (TZs) are produced by introduced mixed electric and magnetic coupling, cross‐coupling, and source to load coupling. Then, the SISL dual‐band bandpass filter (DBBPF) with six TZs is designed by using an improved slotted patch resonator. By adopting the patterned suspended substrate structure, the implemented DBBPF, featured with self‐packaging, achieves a fractional bandwidth of 52% and 10%, centered at 0.95 and 3.25 GHz with insertion losses of 0.57 and 2.89 dB, respectively.
Improving the classification ability of network utilizing fusion technique in contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography
Authors: Song Jingqi , Zheng Yuanjie , Xu Chenxi , Zou Zhenxing , Ding Guocheng , Huang Wenhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeContrast‐enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is an effective tool for diagnosing breast cancer with the benefit of its multiple types of images. However, few models simultaneously utilize this feature in deep learning‐based breast cancer classification methods. To combine multiple features of CESM and thus aid physicians in making accurate diagnoses, we propose a hybrid approach by taking advantages of both fusion and classification models.MethodsWe evaluated the proposed method on a CESM dataset obtained from 95 patients between ages ranging from 21 to 74 years, with a total of 760 images. The framework consists of two main parts: a generative adversarial network based image fusion module and a Res2Net‐based classification module. The aim of the fusion module is to generate a fused image that combines the characteristics of dual‐energy subtracted (DES) and low‐energy (LE) images, and the classification module is developed to classify the fused image into benign or malignant.ResultsBased on the experimental results, the fused images contained complementary information of the images of both types (DES and LE), whereas the model for classification achieved accurate classification results. In terms of qualitative indicators, the entropy of the fused images was 2.63, and the classification model achieved an accuracy of 94.784%, precision of 95.016%, recall of 95.912%, specificity of 0.945, F1_score of 0.955, and area under curve of 0.947 on the test dataset, respectively.ConclusionsWe conducted extensive comparative experiments and analyses on our in‐house dataset, and demonstrated that our method produces promising results in the fusion of CESM images and is more accurate than the state‐of‐the‐art methods in classification of fused CESM.
Interpretation of EPR and optical spectra of Ni(II) ions in crystalline lattices at ambient temperature
Authors: Amrutha Kamalon , Kathirvelu Velavan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany biologically important paramagnetic metal ions are characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to use as spin probes to investigate the structure and function of biomolecules. Though nickel(II) ions are an essential trace element and part of many biomolecules, the EPR properties are least understood. Herein, the EPR and optical absorption spectra measured at 300 K for Ni(II) ions diluted in two different diamagnetic hosts are investigated and reported. The EPR spectrum of a polycrystalline Ni/Mg(3‐methylpyrazole)6(ClO4)2 [Ni/MMPC] shows two transitions at X‐band frequency (~9.5 GHz), suggesting the zero‐field splitting parameter (D) is larger than the resonance field of the free electron (Ho). This incomplete and complex spectrum is successfully analyzed to obtain EPR parameters. The EPR spectrum of the polycrystalline Ni/Zn(pyrazole)6(NO3)2 [Ni/ZPN] shows a triplet spectrum indicating D < Ho. A detailed analysis of single‐crystal EPR data yielded the spin Hamiltonian parameters. The optical absorption spectra are deconvoluted to understand the symmetry of the coordination environment in the complex.