bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Latin American Casanova? Sex, Gender, Enlightenment and Revolution in the Life and Writings of Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816)
Authors: Bolufer Mónica 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper looks from a gender perspective at the elusive figure, complex personality and myth of Francisco de Miranda, enlightened traveller and Precursor of Latin American independence. By analysing Miranda's personal archive as his own carefully crafted creation, it pursues three closely connected issues insufficiently interpreted in historical perspective: the forms of masculinity he embodied and those from which he distanced himself, his connections with women and the role that gender played in his assessments of the countries he visited and wrote about. Miranda's trajectory and self‐image trace an evolution (from mondain seducer and enlightened reader and thinker, to revolutionary sympathiser with women's intelligence and even women's rights, to his embracing more traditional domestic arrangements), not exempt from contradictions that shed new light on the complex dynamics of gender in the Enlightenment and the Atlantic revolutions. The ambivalences of his life and writings tell us much about the different and at times conflicting ways of being a man and relating to women in both the Hispanic world and the broader European and American context of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
Worth the effort? A practical examination of random effects in hidden Markov models for animal telemetry data
Authors: McClintock Brett T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) that include individual‐level random effects have recently been promoted for inferring animal movement behaviour from biotelemetry data. These ‘mixed HMMs’ come at significant cost in terms of implementation and computation, and discrete random effects have been advocated as a practical alternative to more computationally intensive continuous random effects. However, the performance of mixed HMMs has not yet been sufficiently explored to justify their widespread adoption, and there is currently little guidance for practitioners weighing the costs and benefits of mixed HMMs for a particular research objective.

I performed an extensive simulation study comparing the performance of a suite of fixed and random effect models for individual heterogeneity in the hidden state process of a two‐state HMM. I focused on sampling scenarios more typical of telemetry studies, which often consist of relatively long time series (30–250 observations per animal) for relatively few individuals (5–100 animals).

I generally found mixed HMMs did not improve state assignment relative to standard HMMs. Reliable estimation of random effects required larger sample sizes than are often feasible in telemetry studies. Continuous random effect models performed reasonably well with data generated under discrete random effects, but not vice versa. Random effects accounting for unexplained individual variation can improve estimation of state transition probabilities and measurable covariate effects, but discrete random effects can be a relatively poor (and potentially misleading) approximation for continuous variation.

When weighing the costs and benefits of mixed HMMs, three important considerations are study objectives, sample size and model complexity. HMM applications often focus on state assignment with little emphasis on heterogeneity in state transition probabilities, in which case random effects in the hidden state process simply may not be worth the additional effort. However, if explaining variation in state transition probabilities is a primary objective and sufficient explanatory covariates are not available, then random effects are worth pursuing as a more parsimonious alternative to individual fixed effects.

To help put my findings in context and illustrate some potential challenges that practitioners may encounter when applying mixed HMMs, I revisit a previous analysis of long‐finned pilot whale biotelemetry data.
Highlights in the advances of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Xu Xinni , Reitsma Sietze , Wang De Yun , Fokkens Wytske J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex upper airway inflammatory disease with a broad spectrum of clinical variants. As our understanding of the disease pathophysiology evolves, so too does our philosophy towards the approach and management of CRS. Endotyping is gaining favour over phenotype‐based classifications, owing to its potential in prognosticating disease severity and delivering precision treatment. Endotyping is especially useful in challenging CRS with nasal polyposis cases, for whom novel treatment options such as biologicals are now available. The latest European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS2020) reflects these changes with updated rhinosinusitis classifications and new integrated care pathways. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, physicians and rhinologists have to balance the responsibility of managing their patients’ upper airway while adequately protecting themselves from droplet and aerosol transmission. This review summarises the key updates from EPOS2020, endotype‐based classification and biomarkers. The role of biologicals in CRS and the lessons we can draw from their use in severe asthma will be examined. Finally, the principles of CRS management during COVID‐19 will also be discussed.
Bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens in paediatric cataract surgery: intraoperative and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Boonstra Nils‐Erik , Haugen Olav H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report intra‐ and postoperative surgical outcome using the bag‐in‐the‐lens (BIL) technique in paediatric cataract surgery.MethodsIn a retrospective case series, we studied the outcomes of children aged <12 years operated for cataract with the bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens (IOL), with a minimum of 6 months of follow‐up.ResultsSince 2013, 50 eyes in 30 patients <12 years (20 bilateral and 10 unilateral) have been operated at our department with the BIL technique, with a median follow‐up time of 33.5 months (range 6–77). Median age at surgery was 49.5 months (4–139). In one case, the IOL luxated through the capsulorhexes to the vitreous, but could be secured and repositioned as planned without further difficulties. Anterior vitrectomy was necessary in one case due to prolapse of vitreous to the anterior chamber during surgery. No other intraoperative complications occurred. Visual axis opacification (VAO) developed in four eyes (8%). So far, only one of these has needed a reoperation with clearing of the secondary cataract. A complete absence of VAO was thus seen throughout the study period in 92%. In two eyes, postoperative iris capture occurred. In both cases, surgical repositioning of the iris was needed. No eyes developed secondary glaucoma during the study period.ConclusionThe BIL technique seems to be a safe surgical procedure in paediatric cataract, with significantly less complications and need for additional surgery compared with the conventional lens‐in‐the‐bag technique.
Surgically induced ischemia has no impact on protein expression levels of HIF‐1α and related biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mikkelsen Minne Line , Marcussen Niels , Rabjerg Maj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing demands for personalized targeted therapy directed against renal cell carcinoma have driven a search for predictive markers. Novel therapies targeting HIF‐1α in renal cell carcinoma have been developed, and HIF‐1α has been suggested as a novel predictive marker of response to therapy. The surgical resection of a kidney tumor induces tissue ischemia, and HIF‐1α is an oxygen‐sensitive transcription factor, which is known to be upregulated during hypoxia. This study investigated the impact of intra‐surgical and post‐surgical ischemia on protein expression levels of HIF‐1α and three related biomarkers (VEGF, GLUT‐1, and CAIX) in 20 patients with renal cell carcinoma with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Surgical ischemia did not have a significant impact on protein expression levels of any of the investigated markers. Long‐post‐surgical ischemia resulted in reduced expression levels of HIF‐1α, probably due to autolysis. Our results suggest that HIF‐1α is a stable protein, with expression levels not affected by intra‐surgical ischemia, and hence, HIF‐1α is suited for marker analysis.
Incidence, characteristics and risk factors for drug‐induced liver injury in hospitalized patients: A matched case‐control study
Authors: Kong Xianghao , Guo Daihong , Liu Siyuan , Zhu Yu , Yu Chengxuan 
Published: May 2021

AimsThe diagnosis of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is relatively complex and involves a wide variety of drugs. The purpose of this study was to use algorithms to quickly screen DILI patients, determine its incidence and identify risk factors.MethodsThe Adverse Drug Events Active Surveillance and Assessment System‐2 was used to extract the data of patients hospitalized in 2019 according to the set standards and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method was used to evaluate patients who met the standards. A retrospective case‐control study was conducted according to suspected drugs, length of hospital stay and height‐ and weight‐matched controls, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsAmong the 156 570 hospitalized patients, 480 patients (499 cases) with DILI were confirmed and the incidence of DILI was 0.32%. Anti‐infective agents, antineoplastic agents and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were the major categories of drugs causing DILI, and the highest incidence of DILI was due to voriconazole. The latency period and hospital stay of patients with cholestasis were both relatively long. Patients with hyperlipidaemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.884), cardiovascular disease (AOR 1.465), pre‐existing liver disease (AOR 1.827) and surgical history (AOR 1.312) were at higher risk for DILI.ConclusionsThe incidence of DILI in hospitalized patients was uncommon (0.32%) and its pathogenic drugs were widely distributed. The incidence of DILI for many drugs has been seriously underestimated. It is recommended to focus on patients with hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular disease, pre‐existing liver disease and surgical history.
Dying well in nursing homes during COVID‐19 and beyond: The need for a relational and familial ethic
Authors: Parks Jennifer A. , Howard Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper applies a relational and familial ethic to address concerns relating to nursing home deaths and advance care planning during Covid‐19 and beyond. The deaths of our elderly in nursing homes during this pandemic have been made more complicated by the restriction of visitors even at the end of life, a time when families would normally be present. While we must be vigilant about preventing unnecessary deaths caused by coronavirus outbreaks in nursing homes, some deaths of our elders are inevitable. Thus, it is essential that advanced care planning occurs in a way that upholds the familial and relational aspects of elders’ lives that often matter to them the most. We invoke concepts from feminist ethicists like Hilde Lindemann and Eva Kittay and introduce Avery Weisman and Thomas Hackett’s concept of “appropriate death” to suggest better ways of planning for those deaths of our elderly that cannot be avoided. Our hope is to allow for deaths that are as meaningful as possible for both the elderly and the family members who survive them.
Psychological, social, and situational factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination intentions: A study of UK key workers and non‐key workers
Authors: Butter Sarah , McGlinchey Emily , Berry Emma , Armour Cherie 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesVaccine hesitancy is a growing concern and threat to public health. This research will begin to examine the relative influence of relevant psychological, social, and situational factors on intent to engage with a hypothetical COVID‐19 vaccine among key workers and non‐key workers.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThe study utilized a sample of UK adults who completed the 1‐month follow‐up of The COVID‐19 Psychological Wellbeing Study during April/May 2020 and indicated having not been previously diagnosed with COVID‐19 (key workers n = 584; not key workers n = 1,021). These groups were compared in relation to their intentions to vaccinate, perceived risk of infection, and symptom severity. Binary logistic regression was used to examine predictors of vaccine hesitancy.ResultsOverall, 74.2% of the sample (76.2% key workers, 73.1% non‐key workers) indicated they would accept a COVID‐19 vaccine in future. Key workers (in particular health and social care workers) had a higher perceived risk of becoming infected in the coming months. For key workers, being female and perceiving oneself as having relatively low infection risk in the next 6 months was associated with increased likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. For non‐key workers, however, being aged 25–54, having a low or average income and not knowing someone diagnosed with COVID‐19 were associated with hesitancy.ConclusionsThe proportion of individuals willing to accept a vaccine is encouraging but there is much room for improvement. Given the unique predictors of vaccine hesitancy in each group, public health campaigns may benefit from targeted messaging.
Global trends in research output by zoos and aquariums
Authors: Escribano Nora , Ariño Arturo H. , Pino‐del‐Carpio Andrea , Galicia David , Miranda Rafael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZoos and aquaria, often regarded as preservation‐cum‐entertainment enterprises, are also actors in the effort to curb the biodiversity crisis: raising awareness, supporting conservation, and conducting research. We assessed trends in zoo and aquaria research topics and study organisms over time worldwide. For the zoos and aquaria registered in the Species360's Zoological Information Management System and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, we compiled metadata on their research published in the peer‐reviewed literature indexed in Scopus and carried out a keyword frequency analysis. The production of scientific papers by zoos increased at a much faster rate than the average accrual of scientific papers in the literature. Evolution of research themes ran parallel to that of biological sciences (e.g., development of molecular genetics or increased awareness about conservation). The focus of 48.5% of zoo‐led research was on vertebrates, of which mammal research was 33.7%. Whether zoos are effectively contributing to conservation may still be debatable, but our results highlight their institutional efforts to increase knowledge about the species in their care.
Depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and healthcare utilization: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
Authors: Han Chang Hoon , Chung Jae Ho , Lee Sujin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common comorbidity among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the health effects of depression in this group of patients remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between COPD and depression, and the effects of comorbid COPD and depression on health care utilization.MethodsOur study sample included 10,180 Korean adults (4,437 men and 5,743 women; all aged ≥ 45 years) who participated in the cross‐sectional Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). The participants were required to self‐report any previous diagnosis of COPD. Depression was assessed with the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D10). Health care utilization was defined as multiple physician visits (≥6) and multiple hospital admissions (≥2) in the previous year.ResultsParticipants with COPD had a higher prevalence of depression than those without COPD (16.8% vs. 38.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, participants with COPD had a significantly higher likelihood of multiple physician visits (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 [1.26‐2.58]) and multiple hospital admissions (OR [95% CI], 1.62 [1.04‐3.51]), while those with COPD plus depression had a higher likelihood of multiple hospital admissions (OR [95% CI], 2.71 [2.34‐5.48]).ConclusionsWe found a positive association between COPD and depression. Depression in patients with COPD is associated with an increased likelihood of multiple hospital admissions.
Diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor in the absence of typical inflammatory cells: A case report
Authors: Kirchner Allison , Sergeyenko Artem , Keane Janice , Belinski Kenneth , Liu Wenhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (MSP) is a non‐neoplastic condition that is characterized by spindle‐shaped histiocytes colonized by mycobacteria. MSP is most commonly diagnosed in the immunocompromised and, while MSP can occur throughout the body, the most common sites of MSP involvement are the lymph nodes and the skin. To diagnose MSP, histopathological analysis typically demonstrates the presence of inflammatory cells, in addition to spindle cells and the unequivocal mycobacteria, which guides the diagnosis away from potential neoplasms. If properly diagnosed and treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, patients tend to experience almost complete resolution of their symptoms. MSP is a rare condition; to our knowledge, there have only been 11 documented cases of cutaneous MSP, including the one introduced in this report. Here, we present a unique case of a 50‐year‐old female on chronic immunosuppressive therapy diagnosed with cutaneous MSP in the absence of inflammatory cells on pathology.
Exploring ecological specialization in pipefish using genomic, morphometric and ecological evidence
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Zhixin , Mammola Stefano , Ho Adeljean L.F.C. , Zhang Yanhong , Qin Geng , Lin Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTheory predicts that ecological specialization should be rare in marine ecosystems, given that dispersal barriers are less effective in the vastness of the sea compared with those in terrestrial settings. This paradigm, however, hardly fits with classical theories of local adaptation, raising the question of how marine diversity originates in a highly interconnected system. In the present study, we investigated how ecological specialization arises in a widely distributed marine species, the seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli.LocationChinese coastal waters.MethodsWe integrated morphological (geometric morphometry), genetic (RADseq) and ecological (species distribution models and n‐dimensional hypervolumes) evidence to shed light on population structuring in S. schlegeli.ResultsWe revealed the existence of a north‐to‐south phenotypic gradient in eye size among S. schlegeli populations. This morphological differentiation was paralleled by genetic divergence, with South China Sea populations emerging as relatively independent. We further investigated the ecological differentiation of S. schlegeli populations. We observed high niche differentiation among northern, central and southern populations, resulting from both niche expansion and niche shift processes. Projected habitat suitability onto the Last Glacial Maximum revealed the existence of historical barriers to dispersal between the South and East China seas.Main conclusionsWe showed that the effect of this historical segregation, in concert with niche‐driven ecological differentiation, might lead to the establishment of three distinct clades across the widely distributed marine pipefish. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that even the high connected sea environment maintains the potential for ecological specialization.
Toward a better definition of focal cortical dysplasia: An iterative histopathological and genetic agreement trial
Authors: Blümcke Ingmar , Coras Roland , Busch Robyn M. , Morita‐Sherman Marcia , Lal Dennis , Prayson Richard , Cendes Fernando , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Rogerio Fabio , Almeida Vanessa S. , Rocha Cristiane S. , Sim Nam Suk , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Se Hoon , Baulac Stephanie , Baldassari Sara , Adle‐Biassette Homa , Walsh Christopher A. , Bizzotto Sara , Doan Ryan N. , Morillo Katherine S. , Aronica Eleonora , Mühlebner Angelika , Becker Albert , Cienfuegos Jesus , Garbelli Rita , Giannini Caterina , Honavar Mrinalini , Jacques Thomas S. , Thom Maria , Mahadevan Anita , Miyata Hajime , Niehusmann Pitt , Sarnat Harvey B. , Söylemezoglu Figen , Najm Imad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a major cause of difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy in children and young adults, and the diagnosis is currently based on microscopic review of surgical brain tissue using the International League Against Epilepsy classification scheme of 2011. We developed an iterative histopathological agreement trial with genetic testing to identify areas of diagnostic challenges in this widely used classification scheme.MethodsFour web‐based digital pathology trials were completed by 20 neuropathologists from 15 countries using a consecutive series of 196 surgical tissue blocks obtained from 22 epilepsy patients at a single center. Five independent genetic laboratories performed screening or validation sequencing of FCD‐relevant genes in paired brain and blood samples from the same 22 epilepsy patients.ResultsHistopathology agreement based solely on hematoxylin and eosin stainings was low in Round 1, and gradually increased by adding a panel of immunostainings in Round 2 and the Delphi consensus method in Round 3. Interobserver agreement was good in Round 4 (kappa = .65), when the results of genetic tests were disclosed, namely, MTOR, AKT3, and SLC35A2 brain somatic mutations in five cases and germline mutations in DEPDC5 and NPRL3 in two cases.SignificanceThe diagnoses of FCD 1 and 3 subtypes remained most challenging and were often difficult to differentiate from a normal homotypic or heterotypic cortical architecture. Immunohistochemistry was helpful, however, to confirm the diagnosis of FCD or no lesion. We observed a genotype–phenotype association for brain somatic mutations in SLC35A2 in two cases with mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy. Our results suggest that the current FCD classification should recognize a panel of immunohistochemical stainings for a better histopathological workup and definition of FCD subtypes. We also propose adding the level of genetic findings to obtain a comprehensive, reliable, and integrative genotype–phenotype diagnosis in the near future.