bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Near-Chromosome Level Genome Assembly of the European Hoverfly, Sphaerophoria Rueppellii (Diptera: Syrphidae), and a Comparative Analysis of Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families in Hemipteran Crop Pests and Pollinators
Authors: Bailey Emma , Field Linda , Rawlings Christopher , King Rob , Mohareb Fady , Hassani-Pak Keywan , Hughes David , Williamson Martin , Ganko Eric , Buer Benjamin , Nauen Ralf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Sphaerophoria rueppellii, a European species of hoverfly, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, thrips and coleopteran/lepidopteran larvae in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. It is also a key pollinator of a wide variety of important agricultural crops. No genomic information is currently available for S. rueppellii. Without genomic information for such beneficial predator species, we are unable to perform comparative analyses of insecticide target-sites and genes encoding metabolic enzymes potentially responsible for insecticide resistance, between crop pests and their predators. These metabolic mechanisms include several gene families - cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs). Methods and findings: In this study, a high-quality near-chromosome level de novo genome assembly (as well as a mitochondrial genome assembly) for S. rueppellii has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data, followed by super scaffolding using Hi-C data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 87Mb, a total genome size of 537.6Mb and a level of completeness of 96% using a set of 1,658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. The assembly was annotated with 14,249 protein-coding genes. Comparative analysis revealed gene expansions of CYP6Zx P450s, epsilon-class GSTs, dietary CCEs and multiple UGT families (UGT37/302/308/430/431). Conversely, ABCs, delta-class GSTs and non-CYP6Zx P450s showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily levels between S. rueppellii and some crop pests. Conclusion and significance: This assembly is the first published genome for a predatory member of the Syrphidae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into selectivity and potential tolerance of insecticides by beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of some gene families often linked to insecticide resistance and selectivity may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify IPM selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted insecticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by sustainably and effectively controlling pests without impacting beneficial predator populations.
Eﬀect of Ti3SiC2 Amount on Microstructure and Properties of TiAl Matrix Composites
Authors: Zou Qin , Lou Zhichao , Guan Yong , Li YanGuo , Xu Jiangbo , Li Yuanyuan , Bu Lingyu , Wang Peng , Luo Yong’an 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The TiAl matrix composites were manufactured using spark plasma sintering under the conditions of 1100 °C/10 min/30 MPa. The effect of Ti3SiC2 amount on microstructure and properties of TiAl matrix composites was investigated. Ti3SiC2 was homogeneously distributed in the TiAl matrix, and it partly decomposed to form Ti5Si3 and TiC. The TiAl matrix with 30 wt.% of Ti3SiC2 exhibited the lowest friction coeﬃcient and wear rate of 0.507 and 1.35´10-4 mm3N-1m-1 at room temperature and 0.423 and 0.21´10-4 mm3N-1m-1 at 550 °C, while the compression strength reached the maximum value of 1080 GPa at room temperature and 640 GPa at 550 °C, respectively. The hardness reached the value of 5.1 GPa. The TiAl matrix composites had a lower friction coefficient and wear rate at 550 °C than at room temperature. A Ti3SiC2 lubricating ﬁlm was formed on the friction surface of the TiAl matrix composites after friction test at room temperature, while a Fe-Ti-Al-Si-oxide lubricating ﬁlm was formed after friction test at 550 °C. The wear mechanisms of the TiAl matrix composites with the Ti3SiC2 addition were mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear at room temperature and 550 °C, respectively.
Effect of Straw And Wood Ash On Soil Carbon Sequestration and Bacterial Community in a Calcareous Soil
Authors: Zhao Huili , Zhao Ying , Guo Xiaohong , Wu Nan , Tian Xiaohong , Zhou Shiwei , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and aims The effective utilization of agricultural waste can improve soil fertility. Straw provides energy for the soil, and wood ash supplies nutrients to enrich the soil. However, few studies have examined the effects of wood ash and straw on the sequestration of soil carbon and the soil bacterial community, particularly in calcareous soils. Methods The goal for this study was to quantify the impact of a combination of wood ash and straw on the indicators described above using stable δ13C isotope analyses by applying wheat straw (a C3 plant) to a calcareous soil under a long-term C4 crop rotation. The incubation experiment included four treatments as follows: (i) no amendment (Control); (ii) amendment with wood ash (W); (iii) amendment with straw (S); and (iv) a combined amendment of straw and wood ash (SW). Results The results showed that sequestration of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in the SW and W treatments was obviously higher than that in S and Control treatments. The sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC) in the SW treatment was 1.25-fold greater than that in the S treatment, while there was no evident effect on the SOC content compared with straw alone. The microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon derived from microbial biomass in the four treatments was distributed as SW > S > W > Control. The pH and electrical conductivity were obviously higher in the W and SW treatments than in the S treatment and the Control. The SW was conducive to the maintenance of soil enzymatic activities and bacterial diversity. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota dominated in SW, while the Acidobacteria phyla dominated in S treatment. The diversity of bacteria in the soil and community composition of the bacteria were predominantly assessed by the levels of soil labile carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Conclusions The incorporation of straw and wood ash is probably more effective at improving SIC and SOC sequestration and ameliorate the soil microhabitat.
PDM Damped-Driven Oscillators: Exact Solvability, Classical States Crossings, and Self-Crossings
Authors: Mustafa Omar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Within the standard Lagrangian and Hamiltonian setting, we consider a position-dependent mass (PDM) classical particle performing a damped driven oscillatory (DDO) motion under the influence of a conservative harmonic oscillator force field $V\left( x\right) =\frac{1}{2}\omega ^{2}Q\left( x\right) x^{2}$ and subjected to a Rayleigh dissipative force field $\mathcal{R}\left( x,\dot{x}\right) =\frac{1}{2}b\,m\left( x\right) \dot{x}^{2}$ in the presence of an external periodic (non-autonomous) force $F\left( t\right) =F_{\circ }\,\cos \left( \Omega t\right) $. Where, the correlation between the coordinate deformation $\sqrt{Q(x)}$ and the velocity deformation $\sqrt{m(x)}$ is governed by a point canonical transformation $q\left( x\right) =\int \sqrt{m\left( x\right) }dx=\sqrt{%Q\left( x\right) }x$. Two illustrative examples are used: a non-singular PDM-DDO, and a power-law PDM-DDO models. Classical-states $\{x(t),p(t)\}$ crossings are analysed and reported. Yet, we observed/reported that as a classical state $\{x_{i}(t),p_{i}(t)\}$ evolves in time it may cross itself at an earlier and/or a later time/s.
Comparative Analysis of Monitoring Methods for Vortex-induced Vibration of Multistage Pressure Reducing Valves
Authors: Xu Dongtao , Chang-rong Ge , Ying Li , Yue-juan Liu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a multistage pressure reducing valve is presented. The main frequency of vortex-induced vibration is evaluated by monitoring the lift coefficient during vortex shedding and the pressure fluctuation formed after vortex shedding in the flow field. By comparative analysis of two different methods, the number of vortices is relatively small at small openings. Due to the limitations of the location and quantity of monitoring points, accurately locating the most active position where pressure fluctuation occurs is difficult. Monitoring the lift coefficient is more suitable to evaluate the main frequency of vortex-induced vibration. At medium and large openings, due to the increase in the number of vortices, the superposition effect of the pressure fluctuation and the influence of the flow channel shape is more obvious. Monitoring the pressure fluctuation is more appropriate to evaluate the main frequency of vortex-induced vibration the valve. Therefore, a combination of the two methods can more accurately evaluate the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of the valve. When monitoring pressure fluctuation, the position and number of monitoring points directly affect the evaluation accuracy. The pressure fluctuations around the outlet and the multilayer sleeve are more active. It is more meaningful to monitor the pressure fluctuation at these points. The main frequency of the pressure fluctuation at these points better reflects the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of the valve.
Label-free Viability Assay using Holographic Video Microscopy
Authors: Odete Mary Ann , Boltyanskiy Rostislav , Cheong Fook Chiong , Philips Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Total Holographic Characterization (THC) is presented here as an efficient, automated, label-free method of accurately identifying cell viability. THC is a single-particle characterization technology that determines the size and index of refraction of individual particles using the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering. Although assessment of cell viability is a challenge in many applications, including biologics manufacturing, traditional approaches often include unreliable labeling with dyes and/or time consuming methods of manually counting cells. In this work we measured the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the presence of various concentrations of isopropanol as a function of time. All THC measurements were performed in the native environment of the sample with no dilution or addition of labels. We compared our results with THC to manual counting of living and dead cells as distinguished with trypan blue dye. Our findings demonstrate that THC can effectively distinguish living and dead yeast cells by the index of refraction of individual cells.
Projected Future Changes in The Equatorial Wave Spectrum in CMIP6
Authors: Bartana Hagar , Garfinkel Chaim , Shamir Ofer , Rao Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) is considered in 13 state-of-the-art models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We use frequency-wavenumber power spectra of the models and observations for Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and zonal velocity at 250 hPa (U250), and consider the historical and end-of-century projections for the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. The models simulate a spectrum quantitatively resembling that observed, though systematic biases exist. MJO and Kelvin waves (KW) are mostly underestimated, while equatorial Rossby waves (ER) are overestimated. The models project a moderate future increase in power for the MJO, a robust increase for Kelvin waves (KW) and weaker power values for most other wavenumber-frequency combinations, including higher wavenumber ER. In addition to strengthening, KW also shift toward higher phase speeds (or equivalent depths). Models with a more realistic MJO in their control climate tend to simulate a stronger intensification, and models with a more realistic KW in their control climate tend to simulate a weaker intensification.
Embelin Enhances the Sensitivity of Renal Cancer Cells To Axitinib by Inhibiting HIF-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fang Qiong , Li Zhiying , Xue Ye , Zong Xin , Ma Wenshuang , Xi Guangmin , Wu Yanan , Li Zuowei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system with high recurrence rate and easy metastasis. Current clinical drugs for renal cell carcinoma include immunotherapy and targeted drugs. Axitinib is a clinical targeted drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, which has some shortcomings such as unstable efficacy and easy drug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine whether embelin can enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib and explore its regulatory pathways.
Results
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib in the following aspects: enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation by axitinib, the ability to kill cancer cells, and the induction of cell apoptosis. HIF-1α was a potential pathway of Embelin action. After IOX2 regulated the HIF-1α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened.
Conclusions
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of both A498 and 786-O renal cancer cells to axitinib by inhibiting the HIF-1α pathway.
Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gan Wenfan , Xu Zheng , Wu Chunmei , He Junzhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have researched the efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Therefore, we updated a systematic review based on these RCTs to evaluate the effects of PRP on knee function and pain with different time.Methods: We searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science(WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and WANFANG DATABASE, for human RCTs comparing the efficacy of intraarticular injection with no injection of PRP. Descriptive summaries and quality assessments were performed for all studies included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes of the stydy included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Lysholm score.Results: Finally, we included 6 RCTs stydies, involving 315 patients. The control group consisted of blank group or placebo group. Follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 18 months. The results of bias risk assessment showed that all the 6 stuydies are unclear risk of bias. Compared with the control group, PRP group significantly improved IKDC score at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation (P = 0.00, 0.01, respectively). Lysholm score and VAS score also has significant differences at 3 months after operation (both P = 0.00).Conclusion: Our study has proved that PRP was more effective in the recovery of knee function and early pain relief after the ACLR than the ACLR alone. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021224182. Registered 6 April 2021. Keywords:anterior cruciate ligament injury; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; platelet rich plasma; system review; META analysisReview registration: PROSPERO CRD42021224182. Registered 6 April 2021.
Livestock Farmer’s Perceptions of How Changes in Climate Variabilities Are Impacting The Production Systems in The Gambia
Authors: Kargbo Alpha , Koua Herve , Kuye Rex , Jawo Edrisa , Amoutchi Amien Isaac , Ndow Manjally , Bojang Abdoulie , Zainabou Dabre , Flourence Jessica Kumah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six administrative regions of The Gambia, in order to assess livestock owners' perceptions on climate variabilities changes and their impact on livestock rearing in The Gambia. A total of 440 study participants were interviewed and six focal group discussions were undertaken. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-squares analysis and Binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Among them 351 (80%) were males, while 89 (20%) were females. This result reveals that, middle-aged farmers from 40-49 years old had (P value =0.035), livestock owners in NBR (P value=0.006), CRR-S (P=0.038), and CRR-N (P=0.001) were the main factors significantly influencing livestock owner’s perception on rainfall. As for temperature, livestock owners residing in WCR (P <0.001), NBR (P=0.006), CRR-S (P <0.038), CRR-N (P <0.001) and Herdsmen (P <0.003) and crop farmers (P <0.004) were highly associated with knowledge on changes in temperatures The research also revealed farmers were faced with low milk production and poor-quantity meat as they attributed it as the cause of climate change. Finally, the research has shown that, livestock owners are very much aware of climate change and the consequences it has on their livelihood.
Pattern of Recurrence of Glioblastoma Versus Grade 4 IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma Following Chemoradiation
Authors: Stewart James , Sahgal Arjun , Chan Aimee K.M. , Soliman Hany , Tseng Chia-Lin , Detsky Jay , Myrehaug Sten , Atenafu Eshetu G , Helmi Ali , Perry James , Keith Julia , Lim-Fat Mary Jane , Munoz David G , Zadeh Gelareh , Shultz David B. , Das Sunit , Coolens Catherine , Alcaide-Leon Paula , Maralani Pejman Jabehdar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To quantitatively compare the recurrence pattern of glioblastoma (IDH-wild type) versus grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma (herein referred to as wtIDH and mutIDH, respectively) following primary chemoradiation.
Methods

Twenty-two wtIDH and 22 mutIDH patients matched by sex, extent of resection, and corpus callosum involvement were enrolled. The recurrent gross tumor volume (rGTV) was compared with both the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) from radiotherapy planning. Failure patterns were quantified by the incidence and volume of the rGTV outside the GTV and CTV, and positional differences of the rGTV centroid from the GTV and CTV.
Results

The GTV was smaller in wtIDH compared to the mutIDH group (mean±SD: 46.5±26.0 cm3 v. 72.2±45.4 cm3, p=0.026). The rGTV was 10.7±26.9 cm3 and 46.9±55.0 cm3 smaller than the GTV for the same groups (p=0.018). The rGTV extended outside the GTV in 22 (100%) and 15 (68%) (p=0.009) of wtIDH and mutIDH patients, respectively; however, the volume of rGTV outside the GTV was not significantly different (12.4±16.1 cm3 vs. 8.4±14.2 cm3, p=0.443). The rGTV metrics extending outside the CTV was not different between the groups. The rGTV centroid was within 5.7 mm of the closest GTV edge for 21 (95%) and 22 (100%) of wtIDH and mutIDH patients, respectively.
Conclusion

The rGTV extended beyond the GTV less often in mutIDH patients, suggesting limited margin radiotherapy could be beneficial in this group. The results support the study of small margin adaptive radiotherapy per the ongoing UNITED MR-Linac 5 mm CTV trial (NCT04726397).
Efficiently Sparse Listing of Classes of Optimal Cophylogeny Reconciliations
Authors: Wang Yishu , Mary Arnaud , Sagot Marie-France , Sinaimeri Blerina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Cophylogeny reconciliation is a powerful method for analyzing host-parasite (or host-symbiont) co-evolution. It models co-evolution as an optimization problem where the set of all optimal solutions may represent different biological scenarios which thus need to be analyzed separately. Despite the significant research done in the area, few approaches have addressed the problem of helping the biologist deal with the often huge space of optimal solutions.Results: In this paper, we propose a new approach to tackle this problem. We introduce three different criteria under which two solutions may be considered biologically equivalent, and then we propose polynomial-delay algorithms that enumerate only one representative per equivalence class (without listing all the solutions).Conclusions: Our results are of both theoretical and practical importance. Indeed, as shown by the experiments, we are able to significantly reduce the space of optimal solutions while still maintaining important biological information about the whole space.
Effects of Multi-Scale Climate Change on The Distribution of Invasive Insect Populations and The Development of Ecological Services: A Case Study of Zeugodacus Cucurbitae (Coquillett)
Authors: Lian Yuyang , Wang Aqiang , Zeng Bei , Yang Heming , Li Jinlei , Peng Sihua , Zhou Shihao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to clarify the effects of multi-scale climate change on the population distribution and ecological service function of Z.cucurbitae, this paper analyzed its suitable distribution area Z.cucurbitae in a wide scale using the MaxEnt ecological model. Z.cucurbitae were exposed under short-term high temperatures of 33°C, 37°C, 41°C and 45°C for 1h, which were set based on recorded high temperatures in the field. The effects of these temperatures on development and reproduction of Z.cucurbitae in successive three generations were evaluated. The results showed that under current climatic conditions, the suitable regions of Z.cucurbitae included most of South America, southeast North America, sub-Saharan Africa, part of Oceania and southern coastal areas of Asia. Under two carbon emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), the suitable area of Z.cucurbitae will expand compared to that under current environment and this expansion will generally be northwards. Short-term high temperature was not conducive to the development and reproduction of Z.cucurbitae. The F1 Z.cucurbitae exposed under 45°C for 1h stimulated its oviposition, and the offspring can still continue the population. When the offspring were continuously exposed to short-term high temperature until the F3, they could not oviposit. In the context of climate change, both large-scale and small-scale changes will affect the distribution and population breeding of Z.cucurbitae, which will lead to local sudden outbreak or migration disaster. Therefore, a broad-scale distribution analysis of all populations as a whole will result in a narrow ecological niche and may fail to predict the effects of some local small-scale habitat changes.