bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Cervical Cancer Exosomes and Detection of HPVE6*I Transcripts in Exosomal RNA
Authors: Bhat Anjali , Yadav Joni , Thakur Kulbhushan , Aggarwal Nikita , Chhokar Arun , Tripathi Tanya , Singh Tejveer , Jadli Mohit , Veerapandian Veera Mohan , Bharti Alok Chandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Exosomes play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and are integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Recent observations suggest transfer of RNA through tumor-derived exosomes that can potentially translate into regulatory proteins in the recipient cells. Role of cervical cancer-derived exosomes and their transcript cargo is poorly understood.
Materials and Methods
The total RNA of exosomes from HPV-positive (SiHa and HeLa) and HPV-negative (C33a) cervical cancer cell lines were extracted and the transcripts were estimated using Illumina HiSeq X. Further, validation of HPV transcripts were performed using RT-PCR.
Results
3099 transcripts were found to be differentially-exported in HPV-positive vs. HPV-negative exosomes (p value < 0.05). Analysis of top 10 GO terms and KEGG pathways showed enrichment of transcripts belonging to axon guidance and tumor innervation in HPV-positive exosomes. Among top 20 overexpressed transcripts, EVC2, LUZP1 and ANKS1B were the most notable due to their involvement in Hh signaling, cellular migration and invasion, respectively. Further, low levels of HPV-specific reads were detected. RT-PCR validation revealed presence of E6*I splice variant of HPV18 in exosomal RNA of HeLa cells. The E6*I transcripts were consistently retained in exosomes obtained from HeLa cells undergoing 5-FU and cisplatin-induced oxidative stress.
Conclusion
Our data suggests the enrichment of poly-A RNA transcripts in the exosomal cargo of cervical cancer cells, which includes pro-tumorigenic cellular RNA and viral transcripts such as HPV E6, which may have clinical utility as potential exosomal biomarkers of cervical cancer.
Assessment of the Measurement Methods in Midshaft Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Lima Guilherme Vieira , Banca Vitor La , Murachovsky Joel , Nascimento Luis Gustavo Prata , Almeida Luiz Henrique Oliveira , Ikemoto Roberto Yukio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Clavicle fractures account for approximately 5% of all fractures in adults and 75% of clavicle fractures occur in the midshaft. Shortening greater than two centimeters is an indicative of surgical treatment. Radiographic exams are often used to diagnose and evaluate clavicle fractures but computed tomography (CT) scan is currently considered the best method to assess these deformities and shortening. Goal. 1- To investigate whether different methods of performing the radiographic exam interfere with the measurement of the fractured clavicle length. Goal 2- Compare the clavicle length measurements obtained by the different radiographic exam methods with the CT scan measurements, used as a reference.Materials and Methods. Twenty-five patients with acute (< 3weeks) midshaft clavicle fracture were evaluated. Patients underwent six radiographic images: PA Thorax (standing and lying), AP Thorax (standing and lying) and at 10º cephalic tilt (standing and lying), and the computed tomography was used as reference.Results. There wasn't any significant statistical difference in the clavicle fracture length measurement among the variety of radiographic exam performances when compared to tomography.Conclusion. 1- There is no significant statistical difference in the clavicle fracture length measurement among the variety of radiographic exam performances. Conclusion. 2- The method that comes closest to computed tomography results is the PA thorax incidence, with the patient in the lying position.
Comparison of Bacterial Filtration Efficiency vs. Particle Filtration Efficiency to Assess the Performance of Non-Medical Face Masks in the Emergency Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Whyte Henrietta Essie , Montigaud Yoann , Audoux Estelle , Verhoeven Paul , Prier Amélie , Leclerc Lara , Sarry Gwendoline , Laurent Coralie , Coq Laurence Le , Joubert Aurélie , Pourchez Jérémie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the use of facemasks has become commonplace. The performance of medical facemasks is assessed using Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) tests. However, as BFE tests, require specific expertise and equipment and are time-consuming, the performance of non-medical facemasks is assessed with non-biological Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) tests which are comparatively easier to implement. It is necessary to better understand the possible correlations between BFE and PFE to be able to compare the performances of the different types of masks (medical vs. non-medical). In this study BFE results obtained in accordance with the standard EN 14683 are compared to the results of PFE from a reference test protocol defined by AFNOR SPEC S76-001 with the aim to determine if BFE could be predicted from PFE. Our results showed a correlation between PFE and BFE. It was also observed that PFE values were higher than BFE and this was attributed to the difference in particle size distribution considered for efficiency calculation. In order to properly compare these test protocols for a better deduction, it would be interesting to compare the filtration efficiency for a similar granulometric range.
Applicability of a Semiautomated Volumetric Approach (5D CNS+™) for Detailed Antenatal Reconstruction of Abnormal Fetal CNS Anatomy
Authors: Welp Amrei , Gembicki Michael , Dracopoulos Christoph , Scharf Jann Lennard , Rody Achim , Weichert Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a semiautomated volumetric approach (5DCNS+) when examining fetuses with an apparent abnormal anatomy of the central nervous system (CNS).Methods. Stored 3D volumes of 91 fetuses with structural cerebral anomalies extracted from a cohort of >1.400 consecutive 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancies (range 15-36 gestational weeks) were analyzed using the semiautomatic software tool 5DCNS+, enabling detailed reconstruction of nine diagnostic planes of the fetal brain. All 3D data sets were examined and judged for plane accuracy, the need for manual adjustment, and fetal CNS anomalies affecting successful plane reconstruction.Results. Based on our data, we were able to reveal a wide range of CNS anomalies with application of the 5DCNS+ technique. The corresponding anatomical features and consecutive changes of neighboring structures could be clearly demonstrated. Thus, a profound assessment of the entire altered CNS anatomy could be achieved in nearly all cases. The comparison with matched controls showed a significant difference in volume acquisition (p <0.001) and in need for manual adjustment (p < 0.001) but not in the drop-out rates (p = 0.677) of both groups.Conclusion. 5DCNS+ software is applicable in the majority of cases with brain lesions and constitutes a reliable tool even if the integrity of the fetal CNS is compromised by structural anomalies. Using volume data that were acquired in identical cutting sections needed for conventional biometry allows for detailed anatomic surveys grossly independent of the examiner’s experience.
Polychromatic-Light Irradiation Kinetics of Dacarbazine and Nifedipine. Application as New Reliable UVA-drug-actinometers.
Authors: Maafi Mounir , Al-Qarni Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The photokinetic behaviour of materials driven by polychromatic light is an area that has not received a lot of attention in the literature. Most often, such photokinetic data is treated by thermal kinetic models (i.e., the classical 0th -, 1st - or 2nd -order equations). Such models were not analytically derived from the rate-laws of the photodegradation reactions. Polychromatic light kinetic modelling is hence of importance, as a means to providing adequate toolkits and metrics. This paper aims at proposing two reliable drug-actinometers useful for polychromatic UVA range. The general actinometric methodology offered here is also useful for any drugs/materials obeying a primary photoprocess where both reactant and photoproduct absorb the incident light, of the \(AB{\left(1{\Phi }\right)}_{{\epsilon }_{B}\ne 0}\) type. The present method has been consolidated by the η-order kinetics, a mathematical model analytically derived from the photosystem’s rate-law. This represents the first ever equation in the literature, to model polychromatic light of this reactive system. This framework further demonstrated the lamp-specificity of actinometers. Overall, Dacarbazine and Nifedipine photodegradations obeyed η-order kinetics, and stand as effective actinometers that can be recommended for the ICH Q1b photostability testing.
The Sustainment and Adaptation of an English School Intervention to Improve Behaviour, Health and Wellbeing: a Qualitative Longitudinal Case Study
Authors: Herlitz Lauren , Bonell Chris 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The sustainment of school-based interventions to improve students’ behaviour, health and wellbeing has been relatively unexplored compared to healthcare interventions. Discontinuing effective interventions prevents new practices from reaching new student cohorts and wastes implementation investment. This study examines the sustainment and adaptation of a school intervention to improve risk behaviours that aimed to enhance sustainability by encouraging school commitment, ownership and local adaptation.Method: A case study was conducted of the sustainment of ‘Learning Together’, an intervention to reduce multiple risk behaviours initiated in English secondary schools through an effectiveness trial. The intervention entailed restorative practice (RP), a staff-student action-group and a curriculum. Qualitative, longitudinal data were collected from five schools: interviews with multiple staff per school, and with students and external facilitators the first-year post-trial; interviews with one staff member per school two years post-trial; and descriptive data from the trial’s original process evaluation.Results: Learning Together, as a whole intervention, was not sustained two years post-trial. RP was the most successfully sustained component; all staff interviewed continued to use RP in some form in their individual practice in years 4 and 5 and was sustained at school-level in one school. The curriculum and action-groups were discontinued in all schools, though actions initiated by the groups were sustained in two schools. Staff were motivated to sustain an approach at an individual-level if they perceived it as more effective than existing practices at improving students’ wellbeing or behaviour and it was practically achievable. Elements designed to build commitment, ownership and local adaptation were largely ineffective at sustaining components, as sustainment at school-level required ongoing attention to changes to organisational practices, policies and systems, which was beyond the remit of individual staff. Conclusion: Schools need greater support from intervention developers to sustain interventions at school-level. Adaptation could help or hinder sustainment; schools need support to adapt components according to their theoretical rationale and develop different implementation options. Further methodologically strong primary research on sustainment and sustainability strategies is needed.
Subcutaneous Quadrantectomy Is A Safe Procedure in Management of Early Stage Breast Cancer.
Authors: Lieto Eva , Auricchio Annamaria , Erario Silvia , Sorbo Giovanni Del , Cardella Francesca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical treatment of breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is deeply changed in the last years turning towards a progressive minimally invasion, both in extend of demolition and in axillary dissection completeness. This is due to the flexibility of the concept of radicality that today is taylored on the patient, rather than on the disease; If oncologic radicality is preserved, a less invasive operation on the breast is mandatory. In the era of mini-invasive surgery, a patient may ask for an aesthetic care without any additional health risk.Methods: In this article, we compared two groups of 75 consecutive patients undergoing conservative surgery for early stage breast cancer; the two groups were randomized for standard quadrantectomy and totally subcutaneous quadrantectomy. Statistical analysis was carried out for comparing data.Results: No difference in oncologic outcome was found with the different surgical procedures; the length of hospital stay and the incidence of late breast deformities were significantly less in subcutaneous quadrantectomy group. Conclusions: We conclude that, in early breast cancer, a totally subcutaneous surgical procedure of resection is feasible and safe and ensures an absolutely better aesthetical result, that involves patient’s quality of life.
Carbon emissions of Provincial Administrative Regions from the airlines in China
Authors: Cui Qiang , Li Ye 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper seeks to calculate the overall emissions of China’s 413 main domestic routes in 2018, containing the Landing and Take-Off (LTO) emissions and Climb/Cruise/Descent (CCD) emissions. First, the standard calculation method of LTO emissions proposed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is applied to calculate the LTO emissions of 413 routes and 40 airlines. Next, the modified Fuel Percentage Method (MFPM) is used to calculate the CCD emissions of main aircraft types at various distances. Then the overall emissions are split into the Provincial Administrative Regions (PARs) on the routes to discuss the probable carbon compensations, which is the core to build an aviation carbon trading mechanism. China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and Air China are the top three airlines in emissions. Guangdong has the most carbon emissions from airlines, but it may get the third most carbon compensation from the airlines.
New risk models for predicting diabetes and prediabetes in the first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and a comparison with the FINDRIC
Authors: Shahraki Parisa Khodabandeh , Feizi Awat , Aminorroaya Sima , Ghanbari Heshmatollah , Abyar Majid , Amini Massoud , Aminorroaya Ashraf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

We aimed to develop a risk model, monitoring the FDRs of patients with type 2 diabetes, who have normal glucose tolerance, to predict the onset of developing diabetes and prediabetes. In this study, 1765 FDRs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had normal glucose tolerance, were subjected to statistical analysis. Diabetes risk factors including anthropometric indices, physical activity, fast plasma glucose, plasma glucose concentrations two-hour after oral glucose administration, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and lipid profile at the baseline were considered as independent variables. Kaplan-Meier, log Rank test, univariate, and multivariable proportional hazard Cox regression were conducted. The optimal cut point for risk score was created according to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.
Results

The best diabetes predictability was achieved by a model in which waist to hip ratio (WHR), HbA1c, OGTT and the lipid profile were included. The best prediabetes risk model included HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, the lipid profile, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These multivariable risk models were compared with FPG, HbA1c, and OGTT. The predictive efficiencies of models were higher than FPG and HbA1c; however the best predictive model of the current study showed comparable predictive efficiency to OGTT-AUC. Additionally, both diabetes models showed better performance than FINDRISC.
Conclusion

We recommend regular tests for FDRs of patients with type 2 diabetes to predict the risk of diabetes and prediabetes by using the OGTT-AUC. As a health check assessment tool, our diabetes models showed a more precise predictor compared to FINDRISC in our population.
Effect of Cooling Rate During Thermal Processes on the Electrical Properties of Cast Multi-Crystalline Silicon
Authors: Zhou Panbing , Liu Shilong , Zhou Naigen , Wei Xiuqin , Zhou Lang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Photoluminescence（PL）imaging techniques and the minority carrier lifetime test system were employed to investigate the variation of the interstitial iron (Fei) concentration, the recombination activity of structural defects and the minority carrier lifetime of cast multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) in response to the cooling rate after heating. The results showed that when the mc-Si wafers are heated to high-temperature (1000 °C) and then cooled to ambient temperature with different cooling rate, the Fei concentration, the number of recombination active dislocations and grain boundaries increased as the cooling rate rises while the minority carrier lifetime decreased. If cast mc-Si is heated followed by faster cooling at 30 °C/s, the Fei concentration increase by 223% and the electrical activity of grain boundaries, dislocations and intragrain increase significantly, that is to say, the whole wafer is heavily contaminated with metal impurities, and present extremely low minority carrier lifetime.
Study on Changes of 19 Steroids in Plasma From 9 Diagnosed Patients With P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency
Authors: Sun Huiying , Hou Shenggen , Kong Xujing , Fan Xiaomin , Zhai Zheng , Zheng Yanhua , Chen Baorong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Diagnostic of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients with P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) subtype is a difficult task as biochemical monitoring criteria is not well defined. For the identification of steroid hormone biomarkers in plasma to diagnose PORD. Methods: Study of the steroid hormone metabolic pathway, a novel method for the determination of 19 steroid hormone were established based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The measurement of 19 steroid hormones in plasma samples of clinical patients and normal reference population was carried out. A total of 9 clinically diagnosed patients (3 males, 6 females) with PORD were enrolled in the study. Results: In 9 patients with PORD, plasma pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 21-deoxycortisol, were significantly (P<0.001) increased when compared with those of the normal control group at the initial diagnosis of PORD. The concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estradiol in male patients with PORD were significantly (P<0.001) lower than those in control group. There were significant (P<0.001) differences between the female patients with PORD and the control group in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Conclusion: Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosteroid, 21-deoxycorticosteroid, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, and the ratio of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone are important markers in the diagnosis of PORD.
Early intervention and lifelong treatment with GLP1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a Wolfram Syndrome rat model with an emphasis on visual neurodegeneration, sensorineural hearing loss and diabetic phenotype
Authors: Jagomäe Toomas , Seppa Kadri , Reimets Riin , Pastak Marko , Plaas Mihkel , Hickey Miriam A , Kukker Kaia Grete , Moons Lieve , De Groef Lies , Vasar Eero , Kaasik Allen , Terasmaa Anton , Plaas Mario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWolfram syndrome (WS), also known as a DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, early-onset Diabetes Mellitus, Optic nerve Atrophy and Deafness) is a rare autosomal disorder caused by mutations in the Wolframin1 ( WFS1 ) gene. Previous studies revealed that glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1 RA) anti-diabetic drugs are effective in delaying and restoring glucose control in WS animal models and patients. The GLP1 RA liraglutide has also been shown to have neuroprotective properties in aged WS rats, reducing neuroinflammation, retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve degeneration. WS is an early-onset, chronical condition and, therefore, early diagnosis and lifelong pharmacological treatment is the best solution to control disease progression in WS patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the long-term liraglutide treatment on progression of WS symptoms. For this purpose, 2-month-old WS rats were treated with liraglutide (0.4mg/kg/day) up to the age of 18 months and changes in diabetes markers, visual acuity, hearing sensitivity were monitored in vivo over the course of the 16-month treatment period. ResultsEarly and chronic (16-month) intervention with the GLP-1 RA liraglutide delayed the development of glucose intolerance in WS rats. At the end of the experiment, 91% of saline- and 55% of liraglutide-treated WS rats needed daily insulin supplementation. Liraglutide administration was effective in maintaining visual acuity in WS rats by stalling the progression of cataract, degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and of optic nerve atrophy. Prolonged liraglutide therapy could not prevent sensorineural hearing loss at low frequencies. ConclusionThe rat model of WS used in this study is an excellent predictive model for preclinical trials as it closely recapitulates the relative onset and severity of the main symptoms of WS observed in human patients. We found that a 16-month treatment with GLP1 receptor agonist liraglutide delays or prevents the onset of diabetes and protects against vision loss in a rat model of Wolfram syndrome. Therefore, early diagnosis and prophylactic treatment with the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide may also prove to be a promising treatment option for Wolfram syndrome patients by increasing the quality of life of WS patients.
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Methods for the Classification of Polyethylene Residues Containing Different Contaminants
Authors: Silva Daniel José da , Wiebeck Hélio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are the principal plastics present in solid plastic waste and are found out as the main components of microplastics in marine and terrestrial environments. Currently, efforts have been made to develop new and effective methods to ensure the identification and separation of plastics in waste, ensuring the necessary purity to obtain quality and economically competitive recycled products. In this contribution, we investigated the usage of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Partial Least Squares Regression by Intervals (iPLS-R) and Competitive Adaptive Weighted Sampling (CARS/PLS-R) as chemometric methods to classify and determine the compositional fraction of the pristine and recycled mixtures of HDPE and LDPE from plastic waste in São Paulo, Brazil. The 3D PCA plots do not make it possible to classify the different polyethylenes and their polymer blends using the three Principal Components (PC), except for the 2D PCA diagram using PC1 and PC3. The iPLS-R presents the best predictive ability than CARS/PLS-R to determine the LDPE content in HDPE/LDPE recycled blends. However, the presence of different contaminants (in 5 wt%), such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), recycled polypropylene (PP), and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), reduces the potential usage of the iPLS-R models as identification tools for LDPE and HDPE sorting in industrial recycling processes.