bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Landsat Imagery and Vegetation Index Property to Assess the Shoreline Changes Along Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Coast
Authors: Navera Umme Kulsum , Ahmed Md Safin 
Published: April 2021

Bangladesh is located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. The coast of Bangladesh is known as a zone of vulnerabilities as well as opportunities which involves coast and island boundaries. The eastern coastal zone consists of sandy beaches and hilly areas and is morphologically very dynamic. This shoreline is an important zone which facilitates tourism opportunity, fishing industry, natural resources and regional highway. Cox’s Bazar-Teknaf shoreline has been experiencing severe erosion at a number of places due to wave action. Wave and wind induced motion results in sediment distribution and shaping of nearshore morphology. The study has been performed by using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The shoreline shifting analysis has been performed by the process of open source Landsat images from 1980 to 2017. Satellite derived band algebra; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index has been utilized to identify the vegetation cover. The satellite images of an object carry a unique index property. In this study the index property of vegetation cover has been used to delineate more stable shorelines. At different locations, the average change in shoreline goes up to 120 m in erosion and 100 m in deposition. Based on the coastline shifting the erosion behaviour and the vulnerable areas are identified.
Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 21-28
Heavy Metals Phytoremidiation Potential of Napier Grass Cultivated on Tannery Sludge in Bangladesh
Authors: Juel Md Ariful Islam , Dey Thuhin Kumar , Akash Md Ibrahim Sardar , Das Kushol Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Phytoremediation is a cost effective and eco-friendly method for cleanup of contaminated soil. This study focused on the assessment of phytoremediation potential of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Indian mastered (Brassica juncea) yielding in tannery sludge. Initial characterization of tannery sludge showed a high concentration of chromium, lead, copper and zinc which were 6845.5±50.2, 73±2.5, 93±1.5 and 29±2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Both seeds of these plants were sown on tannery sludge kept in baskets and harvested after 8 and 12 weeks of plantation. Analysis indicated that both Napier grass and Indian mustard accumulated heavy metals in the order of Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb at different parts of these plants. Transfer factor (TF) for both plants were greater than 1 for Cu, Zn, Pb though it was less than 1 for Cr. Indian mustard accumulated highest concentration of Cr, Cu, and Pb whereas Napier grass showed highest Zn uptake and good Cr and Cu accumulation capacity. The uptake rate of Cr increased in Napier grass with the increase of plant age. Moreover, Napier grass is one of the rapid yielding tropical grasses and can retain for a longer period than Indian mustard for that attribute, it may accumulate more heavy metals than Indian mustard within its life span. Both of these plants can be used for remediating heavy metals from contaminated tannery sludge.
Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 35-41
Modeling of Cover Concrete Cracking Due to Uniform Corrosion of Reinforcement
Authors: Shakib Sheikh , Morshed Abu Zakir 
Published: April 2021

Cracking of cover concrete due to the corrosion of reinforcing steel is one of the main causes of deterioration in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. An outbound stress is developed in concrete surrounding the reinforcing steels due to the expansive corrosion products of reinforcement leading to cracking of the concrete cover. In this paper, the cracking pressure was simulated through a finite element modeling. The effect of geometrical and material parameters, i.e. concrete cover thickness, bar diameter, and concrete tensile strength, on the cracking pressure was also investigated. Abaqus 6.14 was used as modeling platform. The cracking pressure was found to dependent on the cover thickness and tensile strength of concrete. A higher pressure was required to initiate crack for a higher cover thicknesses and tensile strength. The cracking pressure was decreased with the increase in bar diameter. Finally the crack initiation and propagation has been simulated successfully for different arrangements of reinforcements.
Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 43-49
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS APLIKASI MOBILE LEARNING BERBATUAN I-SPRNG PADA MATERI PHYTAGORAS
Authors: Hanifah Ririn 
Published: April 2021

Pandemi covid-19 yang telah melanda dunia dan Indonesia sejak awal tahun 2020 telah membawa perubahan besar dalam dunia pendidikan, kebijakan pemerintah yang melarang pembelajaran tatap muka mengharuskan setiap lembaga pendidikan melakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh secara daring. Pemberlakuan belajar jarak jauh ini diterapkan secara serempak di seluruh pelosok negri dan tentunya membawa dampak yang berbeda-beda bagi setiap siswa. Untuk siswa yang tinggal di wilayah perkotaan mungin tidak mengalami banyak kendala, namun berbeda dengan siswa yang tinggal di pedesaan. Banyak tempa-tempat di desa yang sulit terjangkau sinyal sehingga menyebabkan siswa terkendala dalam proses pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghadirkan sebuah media pembelajaran matematika berbasis mobile learning yang bisa diakses secara offline sehingga dapat mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang berada di daerah sulit sinyal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan ( Research and development ) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa media ini valid dan layak diguakan.
The Effects of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus on Gingiva and Alveolar Bone of Rats
Authors: KARADUMAN Ural , KARADUMAN Burcu , ÇELİK İlhami , GÜRSEL Mihtikar 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are immunosuppressive drugs which is frequently used in organ transplantation. CsA can cause various side effects including gingival overgrowth (GO) and osteopenia. Tac has similar side effects to CsA but with different incidences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of CsA and Tac on GO and alveolar bone resorption in rats.
Methods: Sixty mature male rats were randomly and equally allocated into six groups, as follows: Control-I, Control-II, CsA-I, CsA-II, Tac-I and Tac-II. The Control-I and Control-II groups received, subcutaneously, 1 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl, while the CsA-I and CsA-II groups received 10 mg/kg CsA daily, and the Tac-I and Tac-II groups 1.5 mg/kg Tac daily. The Control-I, CsA-I and Tac-I groups were sacrificed on the 16th day and other groups on the 31st day. Histological and histomorphometric analysis of the buccal gingiva and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme histochemistry of the alveolar bone were performed in the right mandibular segment of each animal.
Results: GO was significantly greater in the groups administered CsA compared to the other groups (P0.05). CsA caused a significant increase in TRAP positivity (P0.05).
Conclusions: Our results showed that Tac does not seem to cause GO and alveolar bone resorption. However, the deleterious side effects of Tac on the gingival tissues of rats may be time-related.
The Challenge of Reorganizing Rehabilitation Services at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Digital and Artificial Intelligence Platform to Support Team Work in Planning and Delivering Safe and High Quality Care
Authors: Saverino Alessia , Baiardi Paola , Galata Giuseppe , Pedemonte Gloria , Vassallo Claudio , Pistarini Caterina 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed great challenges in inpatient rehabilitation services, not only to implement the preventative measures to avoid the spreading of the virus in a highly interactive, multidisciplinary setting but also to create a rehabilitation pathway for post-COVID-19 patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the role of a digital and artificial intelligence platform (DAIP) in facilitating the implementation of changes in a rehabilitation service during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: We gathered qualitative and quantitative descriptors of the DAIP, including measures to assess its efficiency in scheduling therapy sessions, and staff satisfaction using two simple numeric rating scales and the System Usability Scale. We describe how the volume of activity and the quality of care of our rehabilitation service have changed when the DAIP was implemented by comparing the pre-COVID-19 and the pandemic periods for patients' [sex, age, co-morbidities, diagnosis, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain] and service's (bed occupancy, patients' length of stay, and staff capacity) characteristics.Results: Bed occupancy and the impact of rehabilitation on patients' outcome remained stable between the two periods. The DAIP provided a qualitative support for goal setting from remote; 95% of the planned sessions were delivered; the time for scheduling and registering sessions dropped by 50%. Staff satisfaction was about 70% for the easiness and 60% for the usefulness, and the mean “usability” score was close to the cut off for sufficient usability (mean score 65 where 68 is the cut off).Conclusion: By applying the DAIP to rehabilitation treatment, it was shown that the management of rehabilitation can be efficiently performed even in the COVID-19 pandemic. Staff satisfaction reflected a good acceptance of the changes considering the turbulent changes and the stress burden occurring at the time of the pandemic.
NETs Lead to Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Traumatic Brain Injury Through the LL37-Hippo/MST1 Pathway
Authors: Zhu Kaixin , Zhu Yibai , Hou Xiaoxiang , Chen Wen , Qu Xiaolin , Zhang Yelei , Li Zhenxing , Wang Chunhui , Chen Jigang , Lv Liquan , Wang Junyu , Zhang Danfeng , Hou Lijun 
Published: April 2021

Background:Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is one of the important reasons for the high mortality and morbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aim to explore the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hyperexcitability after TBI and the underlying mechanisms, providing evidence for clinical treatment.Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels which represented the variation of the sympathetic system after TBI with rat diffuse axonal injury (DAI) model. NETs in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and circulating blood were examined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Neutrophils-microglia co-culture system was established to further explore the effect of NETs on PSH and its mechanisms.Results:After TBI, metanephrine and normetanephrine levels began to increase at 9 h and peaked at 72 h. After the injury, the level of NETs kept increasing at 24 and 72 h in the PVN. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of the PVN NETs and blood catecholamine. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood cells revealed that NETs level in the injury group was higher than that in the control group. Immunofluorescence results confirmed the presence of NETs in the PVN after TBI. The positive result of immunoprecipitation suggested a correlation effect between LL37 and P2 × 7. Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) inhibitor could inhibit the expression levels of MST1, YAP, and IL-1β. The hippo/MST1 pathway inhibitor could inhibit the expression levels of YAP and IL-1β.Conclusion:NETs formation in the PVN might be associated with sympathetic hyperactivity after TBI, which might relate to the activation of microglia cells and increased secretion of IL-1β via the hippo/MST1 pathway.
Identification of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Alternative Splicing Events to Predict the Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Liu Xuan , Liu Chuan , Liu Jie , Song Ying , Wang Shanshan , Wu Miaoqing , Yu Shanshan , Cai Luya 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common female malignant tumors. The immunity is believed to be associated with EC patients’ survival, and growing studies have shown that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) might contribute to the progression of cancers.MethodsWe downloaded the clinical information and mRNA expression profiles of 542 tumor tissues and 23 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. ESTIMATE algorithm was carried out on each EC sample, and the OS-related different expressed AS (DEAS) events were identified by comparing the high and low stromal/immune scores groups. Next, we constructed a risk score model to predict the prognosis of EC patients. Finally, we used unsupervised cluster analysis to compare the relationship between prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment.ResultsThe prognostic risk score model was constructed based on 16 OS-related DEAS events finally identified, and then we found that compared with high-risk group the OS in the low-risk group was notably better. Furthermore, according to the results of unsupervised cluster analysis, we found that the better the prognosis, the higher the patient’s ESTIMATE score and the higher the infiltration of immune cells.ConclusionsWe used bioinformatics to construct a gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients with EC. The gene signature was combined with tumor microenvironment (TME) and AS events, which allowed a deeper understanding of the immune status of EC patients, and also provided new insights for clinical patients with EC.
Early Nasojejunal Nutrition Versus Early Oral Feeding in Patients After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Xinchun , Chen Qiuyang , Fu Yue , Lu Zipeng , Chen Jianmin , Guo Feng , Li Qiang , Wu Junli , Gao Wentao , Jiang Kuirong , Dai Cuncai , Miao Yi , Wei Jishu 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that early oral feeding (EOF) is superior to early nasojejunal nutrition (ENN) after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) in terms of delayed gastric emptying (DGE).BackgroundDGE is a common complication after PPPD. Although EOF after PPPD is recommended by several international guidelines, there is no randomized trial to support this recommendation.MethodsFrom September 2016 to December 2017, a total of 120 patients undergoing PPPD were randomized into the ENN, EOF, or saline groups at a 1:1:1 ratio (40 patients in each group). The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically relevant DGE. Secondary endpoints included overall morbidity, postoperative pancreatic fistula, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, abdominal infection, length of hospital stay, reoperation rate, and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe baseline characteristics and operative parameters were comparable between the groups. The incidence of clinically relevant DGE varied significantly among the three groups (ENN, 17.5%; EOF, 10.0%; saline, 32.5%; p =0.038). The saline group had a higher clinically relevant DGE rate than the EOF group (p = 0.014). The saline group also had greater overall morbidities than the ENN and EOF groups (p = 0.041 and p = 0.006, respectively). There were no significant differences in other surgical complication rates or postoperative hospital stay. No mortality was observed in any of the groups.ConclusionsNutritional support methods were not related to DGE after PPPD. EOF was feasible and safe after PPPD, and additional ENN should not be routinely administered to patients after PPPD.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03150615.
Single Capsule Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Eradication of H. pylori Infection: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Gravina Antonietta G. , Priadko Kateryna , Granata Lucia , Facchiano Angela , Scidà Giuseppe , Cerbone Rosa , Ciamarra Paola , Romano Marco 
Published: April 2021

Background and aim: Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) or non-bismuth quadruple therapy (i.e., concomitant therapy) (CT) is the first-line regimens to eradicate H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of clarithromycin (CLA) resistance. Guidelines suggest that in areas of high prevalence of H. pylori strains with double resistance (i.e., CLA + metronidazole), BQT should be preferred to CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BQT administered through the three-in-one pill (Pylera) formulation in a large series of H. pylori–infected patients, naive to treatment in a region with high CLA and dual resistance.Patients and methods: We treated 250 patients (148 F and 102 M, mean age 48.6 years) with H. pylori infection naïve to treatment. Patients received esomeprazole 40 mg bid and Pylera 3 tablets qid for 10 days. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was through 13C urea breath test (13C UBT), or stool antigen test or histology, as appropriate. The evaluation of eradication was through 13C UBT at least 45 days after the end of therapy. Incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was assessed through a questionnaire at the end of treatment. Compliance was considered good if at least 90% of medication had been taken. Statistical analysis was per intention-to-treat e per protocol (PP). 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: 1) 13 patients (5.2%) discontinued therapy due to side effects; 2) eradication rates in ITT and PP were 227/250 (90.8%; 95% CI 86.3–93.7%) and 226/237 (95.3%; 95% CI 91–99%), respectively; 3) the prevalence of TRAEs was 26.8%; and 4) adherence to treatment was good with compliance greater than 90%.Conclusion: In this real-life study, we demonstrate that in an area with a high prevalence of H. pylori strains with CLA or CLA + metronidazole resistance, BQT using Pylera is an effective therapeutic strategy with ITT eradication rates higher than 90%; this therapy is associated with good compliance and low incidence of side effects.
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping in patients with language-eloquent brain lesions
Authors: Petrescu George E. D. , Radu Roxana , Giovani Andrei , Gorgan Cristina , Brehar Felix M. , Gorgan Radu M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The surgical resection of brain lesions located in language-eloquent areas harbours a great risk for determining new functional deficits. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation represents a novel non-invasive cortical mapping method that can be used preoperative to determine language-eloquent areas.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database of patients that underwent preoperative cortical mapping using nTMS between March 2017 and June 2020. Patients older than 18 years old with brain lesions situated in a presumed language eloquent area, that underwent surgical resection of the brain lesion were included in the study. Various parameters such as error rate, number of language-negative sites were assessed.
Results: Fourteen patients were included in the study. There were 10 males and 4 females in total. Most of the tumours were in the temporal and frontal lobes (five and four cases, respectively). The histopathological diagnosis was glioblastoma in seven cases, in one case there was an anaplastic astrocytoma and there were two cases of low-grade gliomas. There were three cases of brain metastasis and one cavernoma. The median (range) tumor volume was 25.01 cm3 (0.89 – 86.55 cm3). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in seven cases. The error rate was significantly higher in patients that continued to have an impaired language function after surgical resection (p = 0.016), while the perilesional error rate was higher in patients with preoperative aphasia (p = 0.019).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a lower tumour volume to perilesional negative stimuli ratio is associated with an extended surgical resection of brain tumours located in language-eloquent areas and that patients that presented with aphasia and have a high error rate have a worse functional prognosis. Through nTMS preoperative cortical mapping of language-eloquent areas, the neurosurgeon has more insight regarding the cortical function and can maximize the surgical resection, while avoiding the onset of new functional deficits.
The effect of long-term subgaleal drain retention (for 14 days) in preventing Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) fistula development in cases with an insufficiently closed dural defect after craniotomy or craniectomy
Authors: Kocaman Umit , Yilmaz Hakan 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of long-term subgaleal drain retention in preventing CSF fistula development that may occur in the wound site when the dura cannot be completely closed after craniotomy or craniectomy.
Material and method: This study was planned to include the cases of craniotomy and craniectomy performed at Bak?rcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital during 2017-2021. The study has been made in a retrospective manner to include a subgaleal drain group and a control group. Both groups were selected from Bak?rcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital. A subgaleal drain was placed in 18 cases with a large or multiple defect after craniotomy or craniectomy where the defect could not be completely closed with grafts. It was planned to be kept in place for 14days with free drainage. Patients were administered antibiotics for three days after the surgery. Patients were monitored for CSF fistula and infection development. On the other hand, 12 patients having large dural defect were included in the control group. Patients in the control group were determined by a random selection method. Patients were followed for 2 days under subgaleal drainage. The Control group was also monitored for CSF fistula and infection development. Both groups statistically were compared with each other in terms of CSF fistula and infection development.
Results: There were 18 cases where the dura was closed insufficiently, long-term subgaleal drainage was performed. The mean age was 66.6 (34-82) years. The surgery performed was craniotomy/craniectomy for cerebellar hematoma drainage in 3 cases, acute subdural hematoma drainage in 5 cases, supratentorial tumour resection in 5 cases, large depression fracture in 4 cases and debridement of cerebral tissue damaged by firearm injury in 1 case. The drain was withdrawn at the end of the 14th day in all patients. A CSF fistula did not occur in any of 18 patients (%0) included in the study. In all patients (%100), the wounds were healed without any problems and no signs of local or systemic infection were found. In the control group, the mean age is 62.2 (48-88) years. CSF fistula developed in 4 (%33.3) of 12 patients in the control group. We had to apply lumbal external drainage in 2(%50) of 4 patients with CSF fistula. Central nervous system infection developed in one (% 8.33) patient.
Conclusion: Long-term subgaleal drainage can be used as an alternative to lumbar external drainage.
ترخيص شركات الاستثمار المالي من قبل البنك المركزي
Authors: جاسم رسل جعفر , أمين خالص نافع 
Published: April 2021

تعد شركات الاستثمار المالي صورة من صور الشركات المساهمة في ظل القانون العراقي, وتطبق جميع الاحكام القانونية الخاصة بالشركات المساهمة على شركات الاستثمار المالي.
ونظراً لخصوصية نشاط شركات الاستثمار المالي, والمتمثل بالدرجة الاساس بتكوين وإدارة المحافظ المالية في سوق الاوراق المالية, وما يترتب على ذلك من دخولها بإتفاقيات تعاقدية مع المستثمرين وايداع اموالهم لديها ليتم توظيفها واستثمارها في مجال الاوراق المالية, وبهدف حماية اموال المستثمرين المودعة لدى الشركات, والعمل على ضمان قيام هذه الشركات بالانشطة المحددة لها قانوناً, فقد اوجب القانون العراقي حصول هذه الشركات على رخصة صادرة عن البنك المركزي ووفقاً للضوابط القانونية .
يقوم البنك المركزي العراقي كونه الجهة القطاعية المسؤولة عن تنظيم ورقابة عمل شركات الاستثمار المالي بدراسة وتقييم كافة الاوراق المقدمة من قبل الشركة, ويتبع البنك المركزي الاجراءات المرسومة قانوناً والخاصة بذلك.