bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handreinigung auf molekularer Ebene – Die Rolle der Solvatation
Authors: Feresin Emiliano , Kondratiuk Mykhailo , Nowack Julia , Gooßen Lukas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bevölkerung kann Verhaltensvorkehrungen gegen die Verbreitung des SARS‐CoV‐2‐Virus treffen: Handhygienepraktiken, die Wasser und Seife oder Alkohol‐Wasser‐Lösungen erfordern, sind leicht durchführbare und hochwirksame Präventivmaßnahmen. Ein genauerer Blick auf die Prozesse, die auf molekularer Ebene während des Händewaschens und Handdesinfizierens ablaufen, zeigt die Bedeutung der Solvatationswissenschaft. In beiden Fällen haben Solvatationseffekte besondere und entscheidende Konsequenzen und die Rolle des Lösungsmittels Wasser darf dabei nicht unterschätzt werden: Wasser unterstützt die Seifenmoleküle, die die Membran des Virus zerstören; Wasser vermittelt und unterstützt den Alkohol bei der Inaktivierung des Virus. Ein Verständnis der Solvatationsprozesse ist notwendig, um zu verstehen, warum Desinfektionsmittel nur außerhalb, nicht aber innerhalb des Körpers wirksam sein müssen. Im Übrigen gilt das Prinzip „mehr ist besser“ weder für die Verwendung von Seife noch für den Alkoholgehalt in einem Desinfektionsmittel. Vielmehr sorgt die richtige Mischung der Komponenten für eine ideale Wirksamkeit durch Solvatationseffekte bei gleichzeitig guter Hautpflege.
The expression of myeloperoxidase in thrombi is associated with reduced heme oxygenase‐1 induction and worse left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Shi Xibao , Zhu Tianqi , Ni Jun , Zhang Ruiyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by neutrophils is the enzyme that kills bacteria and other pathogens. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is usually caused by thrombosis in response to vulnerable plaque rupture. Circulating MPO was found to be associated with increased mortality in AMI patients. However, the relationship between MPO in thrombi and the prognosis of AMI patients remains unknown.HypothesisMPO expression in thrombi is associated with the prognosis of patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after AMI.MethodsThis study included 41 consecutive patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, who successfully underwent primary PCI, during which we collected thrombi remaining in the culprit artery using aspiration catheters. These thrombus samples were fixed, and immunohistochemical staining against MPO and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was conducted. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the induction of thrombotic MPO, which was quantified using Image J software.MethodsWe observed that increased MPO was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and worse LV remodeling in AMI patients. Instead, patients with decreased thrombotic MPO induction had a considerable improvement in LVEF 1 month after discharge (54.4 ± 2.0% vs. 61.1 ± 2.3%, p < 0.01). In the MPO group, a reduction in the thrombotic HO‐1 level contributed to the development of adverse LV remodeling. Logistic regression showed that MPO was a considerable risk factor for adverse LV remodeling (adjusted OR 3.70, p < 0.05).ConclusionMPO expression in thrombi is associated with reduced LVEF and deteriorated LV remodeling in AMI patients, which may be due to HO‐1 suppression in thrombi.
A Pharmacokinetic Bioequivalence Study of Fremanezumab Administered Subcutaneously Using an Autoinjector and a Prefilled Syringe
Authors: Cherniakov Irina , Cohen‐Barak Orit , Tiver Ryan , Gillespie Michael , Kessler Yoel , Gutierrez Maria , Rasamoelisolo Michele , Li Shawn , Shen Honglue , Hallak Hussein , Loupe Pippa S. , Smith Michael , Rabinovich‐Guilatt Laura , Spiegelstein Ofer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFremanezumab (AJOVY; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel), approved for the preventive treatment of migraine, is available as a subcutaneous injection either once a month or once every 3 months using an autoinjector or a prefilled syringe. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence of a single subcutaneous injection of fremanezumab 225 mg administered using an autoinjector compared to a prefilled syringe in healthy volunteers. Blood samples for PK and antidrug antibodies were collected before and after dosing. Safety and tolerability assessments included physical examinations, adverse event reporting, laboratory evaluations, and immunogenicity. Following single‐dose administration, the mean concentration‐time profiles for the 2 treatment groups (autoinjector, n = 106; and prefilled syringe, n = 110) were similar. The point estimates for the back‐transformed ratio (autoinjector/prefilled syringe) of geometric least squares means of maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable drug concentration, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were 1.03, 1.04, and 1.05, respectively, with the 90% confidence intervals entirely contained within bioequivalence margins of 0.8 to 1.25. For both groups, median time to maximum observed concentration was 5 days and mean terminal elimination half‐life was approximately 29 days. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported by 39 (36%) subjects in the autoinjector group and 26 (24%) in the prefilled syringe group, and the majority were nonserious injection site reactions. The incidence of treatment‐emergent antidrug antibody response was low and evenly distributed between the autoinjector (n = 3; 3%) and prefilled syringe (n = 4; 4%) groups. These results indicate that the fremanezumab autoinjector presentation provides an easy‐to‐use bioequivalent PK profile with a similar safety and tolerability profile to that of the prefilled syringe.
Proactive load balancing fault tolerance algorithm in cloud computing
Authors: Attallah Salma M.A. , Fayek Magda B. , Nassar Salwa M. , Hemayed Elsayed E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the demand for cloud computing infrastructure increased, availability and reliability have become more important as they are major features in real‐time computing systems. The chances of failure in a cloud computing system increase compared to other computing systems. To achieve high reliability and availability for the cloud computing infrastructure fault tolerance is one of the most essential modules. For a cloud computing infrastructure, a proactive fault tolerance algorithm with load balancing is proposed in this paper. The proposed methodology tolerates virtual machine CPU faults to achieve maximum cloud computing infrastructure reliability and availability. CPU faults can occur during virtual machine operation. The proposed model's main objective is to track changes in CPU utilization and make a decision once a high value of CPU utilization is identified. The decision is either to migrate the defective virtual machine to another “destination host”, or to manage loads on the destination host so that the faulty virtual machine can be migrated. A load is calculated for the destination host; if the destination host is overloaded, the subroutine for load balancing is launched. Load balancing is based on the technique of choosing a virtual machine.
Design of time‐interleaved data acquisition system based on Network on Chip
Authors: Zhao Jiangwei , Xu Chuanpei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the existing problems of time‐interleaved data acquisition system's poor scalability, limited acquisition channels, and complicated clock system based on System on Chip(SoC), this work presents a novel method of high‐speed data acquisition based on Network on Chip (NoC) communication architecture and time‐interleaved principle. Six analog‐to‐digital data acquisition resource nodes are hooked up to the NoC according to the unified features of NoC router interface. The data acquisition controller controls the time‐interleaved acquisition's timing sequences and realizes the remote transmission of data through two Gigabit Ethernet resource nodes. Adding timestamp to the collected data of each channel can recover the waveform signal accurately. The experiment results show that the combination of NoC communication architecture and time‐interleaved data acquisition has a certain innovative significance.
A hierarchical neural model for target‐based sentiment analysis
Authors: Chen Ke , Ke Wende 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA convolutional neural network‐regional long Short‐Term memory (CNN‐RLSTM) is proposed, which is a convolutional neural network‐regional long short‐term memory (CNN‐RLSTM) that combines CNN and regional LSTM. The model can effectively distinguish the affective polarity of different targets through a regional LSTM while reducing the training time of the model. In addition, the model can retain the sentiment information of the whole sentence through a CNN network at the sentence level. Experimental results on different data sets show that the CNN‐RLSTM model is better than the traditional model and the deep network model.
Investigation of Structural, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Half‐Heusler Alloys XCuB (X = Ti, Zr) by First Principles Calculations
Authors: Gulebaglan Sinem Erden , Dogan Emel Kilit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to find out the structural, electronic, and dynamic properties of TiCuB and ZrCuB half‐Heusler alloys, density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation is used by Quantum Espresso package program. The lattice parameters, bulk modulus, first derivation of bulk modulus, electronic band structure, phonon dispersion curves, and phonon density of states are calculated for both half‐Heusler alloys. Electronic band structure plots exhibit that these alloys are in semiconductor structure. Dynamic properties are investigated using a density functional perturbation theory. Phonon dispersion curves show that TiCuB and ZrCuB are dynamically stable alloys. Only the calculated lattice parameters can be compared with the literature, and it is noticed that they are in a good agreement. The rest of the obtained results cannot be compared with the literature since these calculations are performed for the first time in the literature with this study.
Reduction of Humidity Effect in WO3 Thin Film‐Based NO2 Sensor Using Physiochemical Optimization
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy , Ilango Murugaiya Sridar , Prajapati Chandra Shekhar , Bhat Navakanta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the effect of humidity on WO3 thin films is studied. Two thin films of higher and lower oxidation states are characterized and studied for their interaction with water molecules on the metal oxide sensing surface. The film with higher oxidation is found to be more immune to humidity effect and hence, further used to reduce the same effect using absorbent filters and Nichrome deposited heater mesh. With the use of a Nichrome heater mesh, by increasing mesh temperature from 30 to 90 °C, there is a 63% reduction in absolute humidity at the sensor die. This in turn stabilizes the NO2 sensor response, by decreasing the humidity dependent (40% RH to 90% RH) peak current variation for 3 ppm NO2 exposure, from 65% to 26%. High‐temperature ageing at a temperature of 90 °C and 90% RH is found to be effective in significantly reducing humidity effect on sensor current output and only 8.4% change in peak current is observed for 3 ppm NO2 at variable humidity, which stabilizes the sensor current drift due to humidity variation.
Numerical Study of the Upgraded Hot Zone in Silicon Directional Solidification Process
Authors: Su Wenjia , Yang Wei , Li Jiulong , Han Xiaomin , Wang Junfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D global transient model for generation‐six (G6) GT‐style furnace and upgraded generation‐seven (G7) ALD‐style furnace in which all types of heat transfer and flow are included is established to investigate the thermal field, melt convection, melt–crystal (m–c) interface shape, thermal stress, growth rate, and Voronkov ratios in the growing silicon ingot. The modeling is verified by the heater power and temperature experiment. Simulation results show that the melt flow is relatively stronger as the furnace upgrades. For G7, a relatively higher thermal stress and growth rate are found due to the higher temperature gradient both in the horizontal and axial directions. Furthermore, unlike the optimized G6, G7 shows the overly convex m–c interface in the initial stage and edge nucleation throughout crystal growth stage.
Influence of brush type and brushing frequency on putting green ball roll distance and turfgrass quality
Authors: Lulis Timothy T. , Russell Travis R. , Kaminski John E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGolf course managers manipulate cultural practices in preparation for golf tournaments to increase ball roll distance (BRD) for short periods of time. Brushing putting greens, thought to be a relatively minimally disruptive cultural practice using brush attachments mounted to mower units to vertically orient leaf blades prior to mowing, is growing in popularity despite little research validating purported benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of brush types (rotary, stiff push, and soft push brush) and brushing frequency (no brushing, once, or twice) combined with mowing on BRD and turfgrass quality on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green over a 2‐wk period. All brush types produced a >20‐cm BRD reduction compared with no brushing by the end of the 14‐d trial in 2016 and 2017. Additionally, all brush types significantly lowered turfgrass quality, with the stiff brush resulting in unacceptable quality. Brushing and mowing once reduced BRD and turf quality compared with not brushing with daily mowing. Double brushing and mowing increased BRD equivalent to a single mowing without brushing, but turfgrass quality declined below acceptable thresholds. The results of this study indicate that brushing incorporated into a daily mowing regimen over a short 14‐d period decreases creeping bentgrass putting green BRD and quality. Increasing mowing frequency may eliminate BRD reductions from brushing, but golf course managers should practice caution when implementing brushing, especially over shorter periods of time when BRD and turfgrass quality expectations are increased.
A novel three‐phase buck‐boost inverter controlled by an open‐loop assisted closed‐loop hybrid control method
Authors: Yalcin Faruk 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA novel general purpose three‐phase buck‐boost inverter without need of additional filtering units is presented in this study. The proposed inverter topology is built with moderate numbers of elements in terms of the operation advantages and qualities. The buck‐boost converter‐based structure provides obtaining wide‐range output voltage amplitudes lower or higher than the input voltages. A novel hybrid control method that is open‐loop assisted closed‐loop control is proposed for the inverter operation to improve the response performance on various input and output operation conditions. The wye‐connected modular structure of the proposed inverter topology also enables unbalanced three‐phase operation and single‐phase operation for each phase with independent phase voltages and frequencies. An experimental laboratory setup is built for the proposed three‐phase inverter for 0–50 Hz, 0–100 Vp, and 1.5 kW operation values for real‐time application tests. Simulation tests are also applied for the inverter. The obtained results for both the simulation and the experimental tests show that the presented inverter with the proposed hybrid control method is capable of operating in balanced/unbalanced three‐phase and independent single‐phase modes while producing close to sine wave output voltages under 5% THD levels with wide range desired amplitudes and frequencies on different operating points.
Combination of ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lee Ying‐Hsiang , Lin Po‐Lin , Chiou Wei‐Ru , Huang Jin‐Long , Lin Wen‐Yu , Liao Chia‐Te , Chung Fa‐Po , Liang Huai‐Wen , Hsu Chien‐Yi , Chang Hung‐Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsIvabradine and sacubitril/valsartan are second‐line therapies for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) based on guideline recommendations. We aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of these two medications.Methods and resultsPatients' data were extracted from a multicentre database between 2016 and 2018. Patients were classified into (1) Simultaneous group: simultaneous prescription of ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan within 6 weeks; (2A) Sequential group, ivabradine‐first: ivabradine was prescribed first, followed by sacubitril/valsartan; and (2B) Sequential group, sacubitril/valsartan‐first: sacubitril/valsartan was prescribed first, followed by ivabradine. A total of 464 patients with HFrEF were enrolled. Cardiovascular death and/or unplanned re‐hospitalizations for HF were less frequent (28.6% vs. 44.8%, P = 0.01), and the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly greater in patients from the Simultaneous group than those from the Sequential group (∆LVEF 12.8 ± 12.9% vs. 9.3 ± 12.6%, P = 0.007). Among Sequential subgroups, the ivabradine‐first treatment decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with sacubitril/valsartan‐first treatment (∆heart rate −9.1 ± 12.9 b.p.m. vs. 2.6 ± 16.0 b.p.m., P < 0.001; ∆SBP 4.6 ± 16.5 mmHg vs. −4.8 ± 17.2 mmHg, P < 0.001), whereas sacubitril/valsartan‐first treatment showed a higher degree of LVEF improvement (∆LVEF 3.6 ± 7.8% vs. 0.7 ± 7.7%, P = 0.002) than ivabradine‐first treatment. At the end of follow‐up, SBP, LVEF, and left ventricular volume were comparable between two Sequential subgroups.ConclusionsAmong patients with HFrEF, simultaneous rather than sequential treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and ivabradine was a better strategy to reduce adverse events and achieve left ventricular reverse remodelling. Ivabradine treatment had a more significant benefit on improving haemodynamic stability, whereas sacubitril/valsartan treatment showed a more significant effect on improving LVEF.
New developments in biological phosphorus accessibility and recovery approaches from soil and waste streams
Authors: Vučić Vedran , Müller Susann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a non‐renewable resource and is on the European Union's list of critical raw materials. It is predicted that the P consumption peak will occur in the next 10 to 20 years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find accessible sources in the immediate environment, such as soil, and to use alternative resources of P such as waste streams. While enormous progress has been made in chemical P recovery technologies, most biological technologies for P recovery are still in the developmental stage and are not reaching industrial application. Nevertheless, biological P recovery could offer good solutions as these technologies can return P to the human P cycle in an environmentally friendly way. This mini‐review provides an overview of the latest approaches to make P available in soil and to recover P from plant residues, animal and human waste streams by exploiting the universal trait of P accumulation and P turnover in microorganisms and plants.
Halide perovskites for light emission and artificial photosynthesis: Opportunities, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Shi Ming , Li Rengui , Li Can 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExploring desirable nanomaterials as the new building blocks to construct energy conversion assemblies opens up new ways to utilize renewable sources for energy sustainability. Halide perovskites have already received extraordinary attention from research community due to their unique photophysical properties, making them promising candidates for application in various fields like photovoltaic, photoelectric devices. Specifically, the tunable band structures, superior light harvesting and photoexcited charge properties of halide perovskites endow them the possibilities for light emission and photocatalytic solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Herein, we open this review by introducing the fundamentals of halide perovskites, including their chemical composition, crystalline structure, electronic structure, photoelectronic properties, and potential applications. Then, the unique features of halide perovskites such as flexibility (adjustability of composition and structure) and defect tolerance are discussed. After that, we focus on the energy‐related applications of halide perovskites including light emission and artificial photosynthesis, followed by the challenges for halide perovskites in practical application, and finally the development promise of halide perovskites in energy conversion is prospected.image
Forecasting of intermittent demands under the risk of inventory obsolescence
Authors: Sanguri Kamal , Mukherjee Kampan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCroston and the other related methods, such as Syntetos‐Boylan approximation (SBA), are the most popular methods recommended in the literature for intermittent demand forecasting. However, these conventional methods are not considered suitable in inventory obsolescence as they do not update their forecast in the periods of zero demand. Therefore, in order to add to the methods suitable for the inventory obsolescence issue, we propose a new method that imparts flexibility to the SBA method. The proposed method updates forecast each period by the use of distinct smoothing constants for interdemand intervals. The method is further examined extensively on a simulated dataset considering gradual and abrupt obsolescence and an empirical dataset from the automotive sector. The study is not limited to assessing the forecasting accuracy but also focuses upon the inventory performance of the considered methods. The study results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method, particularly under increased risk of obsolescence.
Smart edible films based on mucilage of lallemantia iberica seed incorporated with curcumin for freshness monitoring
Authors: Taghinia Pouya , Abdolshahi Anna , Sedaghati Sahebeh , Shokrollahi Behdad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present work was first to develop a smart packaging system based on Lallemantia iberica seed gum (LISG)/curcumin and, subsequently, investigate its physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. Finally, the response of LISG/curcumin films against pH change and the spoilage of shrimp were tested. The barrier properties and mechanical performance of the films improved as the curcumin concentration increased. FT‐IR analysis revealed the formation of physical interaction between LISG and curcumin. LISG/curcumin films showed a continuous and steady release of curcumin. The incorporation of curcumin into LISG matrix imparts antioxidant and antibacterial/mold activity to the films. A strong positive correlation was observed between total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) content of shrimp and a* (redness) during storage time (Pearson correlation = 0.975). Eventually, LISG/curcumin film could be a promising smart packaging system capable of detecting food spoilage.