bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics, Patents and Genome Editing: A Critical Assessment of Three Options of Technology Governance
Authors: Feeney Oliver , Cockbain Julian , Sterckx Sigrid 
Published: September 2021

Current methods of genome editing have been steadily realising the once remote possibilities of making effective and realistic genetic changes to humans, animals and plants. To underpin this, only 6 years passed between Charpentier and Doudna’s 2012 CRISPR-Cas9 paper and the first confirmed (more or less) case of gene-edited humans. While the traditional legislative and regulatory approach of governments and international bodies is evolving, there is still considerable divergence, unevenness and lack of clarity. However, alongside the technical progress, innovation has also been taking place in terms of ethical guidance from the field of patenting. The rise of so-called “ethical licensing” is one such innovation, where patent holders’ control over genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR, creates a form of private governance over possible uses of gene-editing through ethical constraints built into their licensing agreements. While there are some immediately apparent advantages (epistemic, speed, flexibility, global reach, court enforced), this route seems problematic for, at least, three important reasons: 1) lack of democratic legitimacy/procedural justice, 2) voluntariness, wider/global coordination, and sustainability/stability challenges and 3) potential motivational effects/problems. Unless these three concerns are addressed, it is not clear if this route is an improvement on the longer, slower traditional regulatory route (despite the aforementioned problems). Some of these concerns seem potentially addressed by another emerging patent-based approach. Parthasarathy proposes government-driven regulation using the patent system, which, she argues, has more transparency and legitimacy than the ethical licensing approach. This proposal includes the formation of an advisory committee that would guide this government-driven approach in terms of deciding when to exert control over gene editing patents. There seem to be some apparent advantages with this approach (over traditional regulation and over the ethical licensing approach mentioned above—speed and stability being central, as well as increased democratic legitimacy). However, problems also arise—such as a “half-way house” of global democratic legitimacy that may not be legitimate enough whilst still compromising speed of decision-making under the “ethical licensing” approach). This paper seeks to highlight the various advantages and disadvantages of the three main regulatory options—traditional regulation, ethical licensing and Parthasarathy’s approach—before suggesting an important, yet realistically achievable, amendment of TRIPS and an alternative proposal of a WTO ethics advisory committee.
Student's Learning Strategies and Academic Emotions: Their Influence on Learning Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Changcheng , Jing Bin , Gong Xue , Mou Ya , Li Junyi 
Published: September 2021

Background: Based on the control-value theory (CVT), learning strategies and academic emotions are closely related to learning achievement, and have been considered as important factors influencing student's learning satisfaction and learning performance in the online learning context. However, only a few studies have focused on the influence of learning strategies on academic emotions and the interaction of learning strategies with behavioral engagement and social interaction on learning satisfaction.Methods: The participants were 363 pre-service teachers in China, and we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of the data.Results: The main findings of the current study showed that learning strategies influence students' online learning satisfaction through academic emotions. The interaction between learning strategies and behavioral engagement was also an important factor influencing online learning satisfaction.Conclusions: We explored the internal mechanism and boundary conditions of how learning strategies influenced learning satisfaction to provide intellectual guarantee and theoretical support for the online teaching design and online learning platform. This study provides theoretical contributions to the CVT and practical value for massive open online courses (MOOCs), flipped classrooms and blended learning in the future.
Use of the Internet and Digital Devices Among People With Severe Mental Ill Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions
Authors: Spanakis Panagiotis , Heron Paul , Walker Lauren , Crosland Suzanne , Wadman Ruth , Newbronner Elizabeth , Johnston Gordon , Gilbody Simon , Peckham Emily 
Published: September 2021

Background: Restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to everyday reliance on digitalisation of life, including access to health care services. People with severe mental ill health (SMI—e.g., bipolar or psychosis spectrum disorders) are at greater risk for digital exclusion and it is unknown to what extent they adapted to online service delivery. This study explored use of the Internet and digital devices during the pandemic restrictions and its association with physical and mental health changes.Methods: Three hundred sixty seven adults with an SMI diagnosis completed a survey (online or offline) and provided information on access to Internet connexion and devices, internet knowledge, online activities, and barriers to using the Internet. They also self-reported changes in mental and physical health since the beginning of the pandemic restrictions.Results: During the pandemic restrictions 61.6% were limited or non-users of the Internet. The majority had access to the Internet and digital devices but around half reported knowledge deficits. Most common activities were accessing information and entertainment (88.9%), staying in touch with friends and families (84.8%), and purchasing goods (other than food) (84.3%). Most common barriers were finding the Internet “not interesting” (28.3%) or “too difficult” (27.9%), as well as “security concerns” (22.1–24.3%). Using the Internet “a lot” (vs. “just a bit or not at all”) during the pandemic was associated with younger age (18–30: Adj ORs 4.76; 31–45: 6.39; Ps &lt; 0.001; vs. 66+), having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (compared to psychosis; Adj OR = 3.88, P &lt; 0.001), or reporting a decline in mental health (compared to no decline; Adj OR = 1.92, P = 0.01).Conclusion: Most people with SMI were limited or non-users of the Internet during the pandemic, which seems to be mainly attributable to lack of interest and skills, rather than lack of devices or connectivity. Older adults with psychosis should be the focus of interventions to support digital engagement in people with SMI.
Effects of the School-Based Integrated Health Promotion Program With Hydroponic Planting on Green Space Use and Satisfaction, Dietary Habits, and Mental Health in Early Adolescent Students: A Feasibility Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Kwok Stephen Wai Hang , Wu Cynthia S. T. , Tong Hiu Tung , Ho Chun Ni , Leung Ka Lee , Leung Yolanda C. P. , Lui Kam Chung , Wong Carson K. C. 
Published: September 2021

Background: School-based green space activities have been found to be beneficial to the physical activity level and lifestyle habits of adolescent students. However, their effects on green space use and satisfaction, mental health, and dietary behaviors required further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of school-based hydroponic planting integrated with health promotion activities in improving green space use, competence and satisfaction, healthy lifestyle, mental health, and health-related quality of life (QoL) among early adolescent students in secondary schools.Methods: This study adopted a three-group comparison design (one control and two intervention groups). Secondary school students (N = 553) of grades 7–9 participated in either (1) hydroponic planting (two times per week for 8 months) integrated with health promotion activities; (2) only health promotion activities (one time per week for 6 weeks); or (3) control group. Outcomes assessed by questionnaire included green space use and satisfaction, life happiness, lifestyle, depressive symptoms, and health-related QoL.Results: After adjusting for sex and school grade, the scores in “green space distance and use” and “green space activity and competence” were significantly better in the intervention groups than in the control group. Hydroponic planting integrated with health promotion activities was also associated with better scores in dietary habits and resistance to substance use. Intervention groups had a higher score in “Green space sense and satisfaction” and life happiness when compared with the control group.Conclusions: Our study shows that the school-based hydroponic planting integrated with health promotion activities were feasible and, to a certain extent, useful to improve green space use and competence, dietary habits, and resistance to substance use among early adolescent students in secondary schools in urban areas. Future studies should address the limitations identified, for example, designing a randomized controlled trial that could fit school schedules to generate new evidence for physical and mental health in adolescent communities.
Previous Vitamin D Supplementation and Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in People Hospitalised for COVID19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arroyo-Díaz Juan Antonio , Julve Josep , Vlacho Bogdan , Corcoy Rosa , Ponte Paola , Román Eva , Navas-Méndez Elena , Llauradó Gemma , Franch-Nadal Josep , Domingo Pere , Mauricio Didac 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The study aim was to assess the association of vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and severe outcomes in subjects admitted for COVID-19.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of pseudonymised medical record data from subjects admitted to the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain) for COVID-19 during March and April 2020. The composite primary study outcome was defined as death and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Association between risk factors and study outcomes was evaluated by bivariate analysis, followed by logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 1,267 persons were hospitalised during the observation period. Overall, 14.9% of the subjects were on active vitamin D supplementation treatment before admission. The subjects in the vitamin D group were significantly older than subjects without vitamin D supplementation. We observed higher rates of the primary outcome (death and/or IMV) among the persons with previous use of vitamin D (30.1 vs. 22.9% in those not receiving treatment). In the bivariate analysis, previous use of vitamin D was positively associated with death and/or IMV [odds ratio (OR): 1.45 95% CI: 1.03; 2.04]; however, after adjustment for other risk factors this association disappeared (OR: 1.09 95%CI: 0.65; 1.81).Conclusion: We did not find an association between vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and death and/or IMV in subjects admitted for COVID-19. The age and the burden of age-associated comorbidities were independently associated with the in-hospital events.
Identification of a Novel Signature Predicting Overall Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Haige , Liu Huixian , Lu Yumin , Li Hengguo 
Published: September 2021

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous tumor with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Therefore, effective predictive models are needed to evaluate patient outcomes and optimize treatment.Methods: Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method was used to identify highly robust differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between HNSCC and normal tissue in 9 GEO and TCGA datasets. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso Cox regression analysis were performed to identify DEGs related to the Overall survival (OS) and to construct a prognostic gene signature (HNSCCSig). External validation was performed using GSE65858 dataset. Moreover, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were used to identify the association between HNSCCSig and tumor immune environment.Results: A total of 257 reliable DEGs were identified by differentially analysis result of TCGA and GSE65858 datasets. The HNSCCSig including 7 mRNAs (SLURP1, SCARA5, CLDN10, MYH11, CXCL13, HLF, and ITGA3) were developed and validated to identify high-risk group who had a worse OS than low-risk group in TCGA and GSE65858 datasets. Cox regression analysis showed that the HNSCCSig could independently predict OS in both the TCGA and the GSE65858 datasets. Further research demonstrated that the infiltration bundance of CD8 + T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and NK cells were significantly lower in the high-risk group. A nomogram was also constructed by combining the HNSCCSig and clinical characters.Conclusion: We established and validated the HNSCCSig consisting of SLURP1, SCARA5, CLDN10, MYH11, CXCL13, HLF, and ITGA3. A nomogram combining HNSCCSig and some clinical parameters was constructed to identify high-risk HNSCC-patients with poor prognosis.
A Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation
Authors: Olejnik-Schmidt Agnieszka , Pietrzak Bernadeta , Kawacka Iwona , Malak Klaudia , Wawrzyniak Weronika , Schmidt Marcin 
Published: September 2021

Background: The dairy industry heavily relies on fermentation processes driven in high proportion by Lactococcus lactis. The fermentation process can be perturbed or even stopped by bacteriophage activity, leading to complete loss of fermentation batch or decreased quality product. The monitoring of the phage diversity and dynamics in the process allows implementing protective measures (e.g., starter rotation) to maintain unperturbed production. Methods: Universal primers were used to amplify sequences of the 936, c2, and P335 Lactococcus phage types. The amplicons were sequenced with the Sanger method and obtained degenerate sequences were analyzed using a simple bioinformatic pipeline in the R environment. Results: The most prevalent phage type is 936, followed by P335, whereas the c2 type is less frequent. Conclusions: Curd cheeses prepared on non-pasteurized milk based on native milk microbiota had a higher diversity of phages distinct from those found in dairy plants. Sanger sequencing of heterogenous amplicons generated on metagenome DNA can be used to assess low-complexity microbiota diversity.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) from Fagaceae Leaves in China
Authors: Jiang Ning , Voglmayr Hermann , Bian Dan-Ran , Piao Chun-Gen , Wang Sheng-Kun , Li Yong 
Published: September 2021

Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) is a well-classified genus inhabiting leaves, branches and fruits of the hosts in three plant families, namely Fagaceae, Onagraceae and Rosaceae. In the present study, eighteen Gnomoniopsis isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Fagaceae hosts collected from Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Jiangxi and Shaanxi provinces in China. Morphology from the cultures and phylogeny based on the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA gene with the two flanking internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the beta-tubulin (tub2) genes were employed to identify these isolates. As a result, seven species were revealed, viz. Gnomoniopsis castanopsidis, G. fagacearum, G. guangdongensis, G. hainanensis, G. rossmaniae and G. silvicola spp. nov, as well as a known species G. daii. In addition, G. daii was firstly reported on the host Quercus aliena.
Presepsin: Sepsis tespiti için umut verici yeni bir biyobelirteç
Authors: MALKOÇ Meltem , KURAL Birgül 
Published: September 2021

Sistemik inflamatuar yanıt sendromu (SİYS) olarak da tanımlanan sepsis, hayatı tehdit eder boyutta seyreden çoklu organ fonksiyon bozukluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sepsis gibi ciddi bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarda erken teşhis, bulaşıcı hastalıkların tedavisi ve kontrolü için oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Ancak, bakteriyel enfeksiyonların tanınmasındaki ana problem, belirti ve semptomların klinik görünümünün sıklıkla diğer enflamatuvar bozukluklarla örtüşmesidir. Enfeksiyonların teşhisinde mikrobiyolojik, biyokimyasal ve moleküler yöntemler yaygın kullanılmasına rağmen, duyarlılık ve özgüllük açısından bazı sınırlamaları mevcuttur. Bu nedenle henüz altın standart bir belirteç ortaya konulamamıştır. Önerilen biyobelirteçlerin, uygun maliyetli, hızlı, basit, güvenilir, spesifik ve hassas yöntemlerle belirlenebilmesi gerekmektedir.
Presepsin, çözünür farklılaşma kümesi 14 (SCD14-ST) alt tipi olarak da bilinen bir proteindir. T ve B hücreleri ile direkt etkileşime girerek hücresel ve humoral bağışıklık sistemini düzenler. Bakteriyel enfeksiyonlara yanıt olarak artmakta ve antibiyotik tedavisinden sonra azalmaktadır. Bu nedenle de, istilacı bir patojene karşı immün hücre yanıtının aktivasyonunun bir göstergesi olarak düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca sepsis için erken bir biyobelirteç olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir.
Presepsin, genel dolaşımda kararlı olması ve sistemik enfeksiyonun ilk aşamasının aday bir biyobelirteç olması nedeniyle son yıllardaki çalışmalarda önemli yer edinmiştir. Literatürde presepsin hakkında araştırma makalesi ve derleme sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, klinisyenlere rehber olması açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacak presepsin ölçümünün sepsisdeki yeri ve önemi diğer sepsis biyobelirteçleri göz önüne alınarak değerlendirmektir.
KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA UMKM PRODUK LOKAL GARUT DIPENGARUHI OLEH VARIASI PRODUK
Authors: Mulia Hari 
Published: September 2021

Keputusan pembelian adalah tahap pengambilan keputusan dimana konsumen benar-benar membeli produk atau jasa. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh menurunnya penjualan produk Dodol sebagai produk lokal khas Garut pada salah satu UMKM penjual dodol dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir, dari tahun 2013-1017. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa konsumen Dodol mulai beralih pada produk lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah variasi produk berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Populasi dalam penelitain ini adalah konsumen Dodol Bestory, sedangkan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 68 responden dengan menggunakan teknik non probablility dengan pendekatan insidental sampling.
Berdasarkan analisi dan data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 16, bahwa keterangan instrument penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan valid dan reliabel, karena memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dari r tabel. Dari hasil uji korelasi bahwa variasi produk mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0,550, koefisien determinasi 30,2% dan nilai uji signifikasn sebesar 5,537. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi produk mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Jika variasi produk ditingkatkan maka keputusan kosumen juga mengalami peningkatan
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUMDA BPR BANK CIREBON SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGUMUMAN PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Said Siti Nurmeniar , Agustina Putri 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan pada Perumda BPR Bank Cirebon sebelum dan sesudah adanya pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan perode Januari 2019 sampai dengan Desember 2020. Variabel penelitian adalah kinerja keuangan dengan indikator rasio keuangan, yaitu Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Biaya Oprasional dan pendapatan oprasional (BOPO), Return on Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa indikator kinerja keuangan di Perumda BPR Bank Cirebon mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan. Pertumbuhan tertinggi terdapat pada indikator rasio profitabilitas, yaitu Return On Equity. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kondisi keuangan Perumda BPR Cirebon selama masa pandemi cukup stabil.
DAMPAK MAKRO EKONOMI TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Haholongan Rutinaias 
Published: September 2021

Tidak stabilnya situasi moneter yang tercermin dari GDP, suku bunga, nilai tukar rupiah, dapat mempengaruhi perekonomian. Hal tersebut menunjukkan eratnya pengaruh ekonomi makro terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan di pasar modal Indonesia Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh GDP, Suku bunga, Nilai tukar, terhadap indek harga saham gabungan pada tahun 2015 -2019. Metode analisis data dari penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GDP berpengaruh terhadap IHSG dan Suku bunga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IHSG. Sementara Nilai tukar rupiah tidak berpengaruh terhadap IHSG. Hasil uji determinasi menunjukkan bahwa Adjusted R square disesuaikan adalah 74,3%
Kata kunci: GDP,Nilai Tukar, Suku Bunga, IHSG
PEMILIHAN KARIR PADA PEGAWAI GENERASI MILLENIAL (STUDI KASUS : PEGAWAI PT XYZ)
Authors: RADHIANJAYA FEBRU 
Published: September 2021

PT XYZ is a company engaged in the field of production and services that has Human Resources spread throughout Indonesia. In this study, the object of observation is the employee in the East Java Unit which has a total of 2,300 personnel with the composition of the Millennial Generation (born 1981-1994) of 51% as the dominating number of employees in PT XYZ. The results of an interest survey conducted on 698 structural employees at the Basic Supervisor level (managerial type career) at PT XYZ East Java Unit, showed that 25% or 171 employees of the millennial generation chose functional careers (type of expertise). This phenomenon is then explored further in the research objectives, namely what factors influence career selection in millennial generation employees. This research is a qualitative research that uses the interview method. The result is that there are two factors that influence career choice, namely responsibility and type of work.

Keywords : Millenials, Careers, Qualitative
PENGARUH JOB STRESS TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Nugroho Yanuar Fajar 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study were: 1) To analyze the effect of job stress on commitment organizational, 2) To analyze the effect of job stress to work motivation; 3) To analyze the effect of work motivation to commitment organizational 4) To analyze the effect variables of work motivation as a variable intervening in job stress to commitment organizational. The selection of the sample in this study carried out by using survey methods. By using questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The population of this study were employees of PT. Bank X, Surabaya. The method used is a non-probability sampling method. Analysis tool used is the test of validity, reliability testing, test analysis and Path Analisys. By using statistical analysis with SPSS version 26.0 for windows results of this study indicate that the value from sobel test is 2,021 > 2,000 (t-table), this means participation in work motivation as a variable intervening in job stress directly affect to commitment organizational, further significant job stress on commitment organizational and work motivation can be used as intervening variables in relation of commitment organizational of PT. Bank X Surabaya employee.