bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
986-P: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: Comparison of Risk Engines in a 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: GAROFOLO MONIA , GUALDANI ELISA , LUCCHESI DANIELA , FALCETTA PIERPAOLO , FRANCESCONI PAOLO , DEL PRATO STEFANO , PENNO GIUSEPPE 
Published: June 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has higher risk of death and CVD compared with general population. Effective risk stratification is essential to implement preventive strategies. We compare the performance of Steno Type 1 Risk Engine (ST1RE) and EURODIAB PCS Risk Engine (EURO-RE) in 733 T1D (M 52%; age 39.3±11.1; DD 18.5±11.6; A1c 7.8±1.2%) with no prior CVD over a 11-yr follow-up (IQR: 9.9-13.0). Both models include age, A1c and albuminuria; ST1RE includes 7 more variables (sex, DD, SBP, LDL-C, eGFR, smoking and exercise), EURO-RE only 2 more variables (WHR, HDL-C). By ST1RE, 453 T1D (61.8%) had low- (&lt;10%), 179 (24.4%) moderate- (10-20%) and 101 (13.8%) high-risk (≥20%); for EURO-RE, estimates were 496 (67.7%), 161 (22.0%) and 76 (10.4%). Regression between 10-yr risks was 0.921 (p&lt;0.0001); concordance of risk strata attribution was 82.5% (n = 605); 98 (13.4%); 30 (4.1%) T1D had higher and, respectively, lower risk by ST1RE vs. EURO-RE. C-statistic for all-cause death (n = 46) was 0.810 (95% CI 0.738-0.882) for ST1RE and 0.802 (0.729-0.875) for EURO-RE. Incidence of CVD was available for 697 T1D (95%). C-statistics for all CVD (n = 32) were 0.770 (0.699-0.841) and 0.777 (0.706-0.849) for ST1RE and EURO-RE, respectively; for coronary events (n = 23) 0.739 (0.650-0.828) and 0.765 (0.683-0.847); for coronary revascularization (n = 14) 0.802 (0.707-0.897) and 0.824 (0.742-0.905). With the limitation of low number of events, C-statistics for stroke (n = 8) were 0.764 (0.596-0.931) and 0.805 (0.654-0.955) for ST1RE and EURO-RE; for peripheral disease (n = 5) 0.794 (0.658-0.931) and 0.733 (0.518-0.948); for ESRD (n = 8) 0.719 (0.544-0.893) and 0.723 (0.529-0.917). Cox regression with backward variable processing selects EURO-RE as covariate for CVD and all other vascular events including ESRD, with ST1RE selected as the strongest covariate for all-cause death. Both ST1RE and the less-demanding EURO-RE are validated and widely available tools to identify high risk T1D individuals.

Disclosure
M. Garofolo: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. E. Gualdani: None. D. Lucchesi: None. P. Falcetta: None. P. Francesconi: None. S. Del prato: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Sanofi. G. Penno: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
992-P: Early Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women with and without Diabetes
Authors: YOSHIDA YILIN , CHEN ZHIPENG , BAUDIER ROBIN L. , KROUSEL-WOOD MARIE , ANDERSON AMANDA H. , FONSECA VIVIAN , MAUVAIS-JARVIS FRANCK 
Published: June 2021

Background: Early menopause may be associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to the early cessation of estrogens protection. The presence of diabetes (DM) coupled with early menopause may result in even greater CVD risk in postmenopausal women. We compared CVD risk in women with early vs. normal age menopause with and without DM.
Methods: We pooled data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Jackson Heart Study. Women with data on menopausal status, age at menopause and DM (yes/no) were included. We excluded pre- or peri-menopausal women, those with hysterectomy/oophorectomy or prevalent CVD. Outcomes were incident coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure (HF), and a composite CVD outcome (CHD, stroke or HF). Cox models examined the risk associated with early (&lt;45 yrs) vs. normal age (≥45 yrs) menopause. Covariates included baseline age, race, education, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hormone therapy use.
Results: During a median follow-up of 15 yrs for 5964 postmenopausal women, 684 CHD, 434 stroke, 962 HF and 1535 CVD events occurred. In adjusted models, women with early menopause had elevated risk of CHD (Hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22), stroke (1.09, 1.01-1.18) and HF (1.09, 1.00-1.19) compared to those with normal age menopause. DM was a significant effect modifier to the relationship between early menopause and CHD, stroke or CVD (P for interaction ≤0.05). HRs for early menopause and the outcomes were greater in diabetic than nondiabetic women (CHD 1.34, 1.02-1.78 vs. 1.10, 1.00-1.20; stroke 1.26, 0.98-1.61 vs. 1.07, 0.98-1.16; CVD 1.41, 1.01-1.95 vs. 1.04, 0.94-1.14).
Conclusion: Early menopause increases risk for CVD in postmenopausal women; DM places this group at even higher CVD risk. Attention to CVD risk monitoring and management in women with early menopause, with and without diabetes, should be considered.

Disclosure
Y. Yoshida: None. Z. Chen: None. R. L. Baudier: None. M. Krousel-wood: None. A. H. Anderson: None. V. Fonseca: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Amgen Inc., Bravo4health, Mellitus Health. F. Mauvais-jarvis: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (K12HD043451)
997-P: Thyroid Safety in T2DM Patients Treated with Long-Term Administration of Liraglutide
Authors: ZHANG MENGYU , WANG YANRU , YIN JIAJING , ZHA XIAOJUAN , SHENG CHUNJUN , YANG PENG , LI HONG , QU SHEN 
Published: June 2021

Objective: It has prompted concerns about the risk of thyroid nodules and thyroid tumors with liraglutide treatment. Our study intends to provide clinical observations on thyroid nodules in T2DM patients treated with liraglutide.
Methods: We collected T2DM patients treated with or without liraglutide from January 2015 to September 2020 in Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital. Thyroid ultrasonography was available, including the size of thyroid nodule and TI-RADS classification.
Results: A total of 268 T2DM patients were included in liraglutide group (L) and 328 T2DM in control group(C). Before liraglutide injection, 97 patients diagnosed of thyroid nodules in L group with an average size of 16.37±7.28mm, including 7 in TI-RADS 1, 15 in TI-RADS 2, and 75 in TI-RADS 3. There were 108 patients diagnosed of thyroid nodules in C group with an average size of 17.65±9.27mm, including 6 in TI-RADS 1, 22 in TI-RADS 2, and 80 in TI-RADS 3. After treating with liraglutide of 1.18±0.26mg/ day for 24.1±2.8 months, the average size of nodules in L group was 17.54±7.89mm, with 5 patients in TI-RADS 1, 13 in TI-RADS 2 and 79 in TI-RADS 3. The average size of nodules in C group was 18.19±8.52mm, with 5 patients in TI-RADS 1, 20 in TI-RADS 2, and 81 in TI-RADS 3. There was one patient with hyperthyroidism and one papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)in L group, and 2 PTC in C group. The nodules size was not significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01).
Conclusion: There was no significant changes of thyroid nodules size during the continuous administration of liraglutide in T2DM patients, and liraglutide was not considered associated with risk of thyroid tumor. However, the effect of liraglutide on thyroid function still needs further investigation.

Disclosure
M. Zhang: None. Y. Wang: None. J. Yin: None. X. Zha: None. C. Sheng: None. P. Yang: None. H. Li: None. S. Qu: None.

Funding
National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFC1314101); Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (19DZ1910200, 18411951803, 17DZ1910603)
TEMPLATE SUBMISSION - AUTHOR
Authors: Submission Template 
Published: June 2021

Biography of authors: Upon submission of the paper, a biography of all authors containing ORCID, name, title, institutional affiliation, city/country of origin and academic title MUST be submitted in the form of additional documentation.Structured abstract: Upon submission of their paper, authors MUST include, in the form of additional documentation, a structured abstract (maximum 250 words) of each paper in the same language that meets FUTURE’s standard model .Please rank authors according to the level of their involvement and contribution to the manuscript.
Validitas dan Praktikalitas E-Modul Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit Berbasis Guided Discovery Learning untuk Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Wildayati Wildayati , Yerimadesi Yerimadesi 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the validity and practicality of the e-module being developed. This type of research is research and development (R&D) with the Plomp development model. The e-module validity test was conducted by four lecturers from the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNP and three chemistry teachers. The practicality test was carried out by three chemistry teachers and 32 grade XI students of SMAN 7 Padang for the 2020/2021 school year. The research instrument used was a validity questionnaire and practicality. The validity results were analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the practical results used the Aikens'V formula. From the research, it was found that the CVR average value of the e-module content validity was 0,95 (valid), the construct validity was 0,82 (valid), the practicality of the e-module for the teacher was 0,89 (practical) and for the students was 0,82 ( practical). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the e-module of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions based on guided disscovery learning for class X SMA / MA developed was valid and practical. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validitas dan praktikalitas dari e-modul yang dikembangkan. Jenis penelitian adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan Plomp. Uji validitas e-modul dilakukan oleh empat dosen jurusan kimia FMIPA UNP serta tiga guru kimia. Uji praktikalitas dilakukan oleh tiga guru kimia dan 32 siswa kelas XI SMAN 7 Padang tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan angket validitas dan praktikalitas. Hasil validitas dianalisis menggunakan Content Validity Ratio (CVR) dan hasil praktikalitas menggunakan formula Aikens’V. Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil nilai rata-rata CVR validitas konten e-modul sebesar 0,95 (valid), validitas konstruk 0,82 (valid), praktikalitas e-modul pada guru 0,89 (praktis) dan pada siswa 0,82 (praktis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa e-modul larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit berbasis guided disscovery learning untuk kelas X SMA/ MA yang dikembangkan telah valid dan praktis.
Analisis Miskonsepsi pada Materi Hidrokarbon Menggunakan Instrumen Two-Tier Diagnostic Test di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang
Authors: Liza Yulia Mona , Alizar Alizar , Fitriza Zonalia , Iryani Iryani 
Published: June 2021

The concept is an understanding of an individual or a group of people who is expressed in the form of a meaning that produces knowledge. Misconceptions of students that appear continuously will interfere with the formation of scientific conceptions and can affect student learning outcomes. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the misconceptions of students. One of the diagnostic tests that can be used is a two-tier multiple choice test or known as a two-tier multiple choice, the first level is the question being tested while the second level contains the reasons for the answer to the first level. This study aims to analyze misconceptions and determine the percentage of students' misconceptions on hydrocarbon material using descriptive methods. The subjects were 27 students of class XI IPA 2 in SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. The research instrument was a Two Tier Multiple Choice diagnostic test by dividing students' conceptual understanding into the categories of conceptual understanding, misconception, and conceptual misunderstanding. The results showed that the percentage of students' conceptual understanding in the concept understanding category was 31%, misconception was 36%, and did not understand the concept by 34% on hydrocarbon material. Students' misconceptions on hydrocarbon material at SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang were categorized as moderate. Konsep merupakan pemahaman individu atau sekelompok orang yang diungkapkan dalam bentuk pengertian yang menghasilkan suatu pengetahuan. Miskonsepsi peserta didik yang muncul terus menerus akan mengganggu pembentukan konsepsi ilmiah dan dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan analisis miskonsepsi peserta didik. Salah satu tes diagnostik yang dapat digunakan adalah tes pilihan ganda bertingkat dua atau dikenal sebagai two-tier multiple choice, tingkat pertama merupakan pertanyaan yang diujikan sedangkan tingkat kedua berisi alasan atas jawaban pada tingkat pertama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi dan menentukan persentase miskonsepsi peserta didik pada materi hidrokarbon dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2 di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang yang berjumlah 27 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes diagnostik Two Tier Multiple Choice dengan membagi pemahaman konsep peserta didik dalam kategori paham konsep, miskonsepsi, dan tidak paham konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada kategori paham konsep sebesar 31%, miskonsepsi sebesar 36%, dan tidak paham konsep sebesar 34% pada materi hidrokarbon. Miskonsepsi peserta didik pada materi hidrokarbon di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang termasuk kriteria sedang.
Radiographic assessment of splenic size and correlation with splenic measurements estimated by use of computed tomography in healthy cats
Authors: Jang Youjung , Lee Eunji , Lee Sang-Kwon , Je Hyejin , Jung Jin-Woo , Jang Seolyn , Choi Bo-Kwon , Lee Suhyun , Chhoey Saran , Choi Jihye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate radiographic variables for correlation with splenic size as estimated with CT in cats.

ANIMALS
38 healthy adult cats.

PROCEDURES
The width and height of the splenic head and total length, segmental length, and width of the spleen were measured on radiographic and CT images obtained from 10 cats in prospective, exploratory experiments. Distance between the splenic head and left kidney, anatomic locations of the head and tail of the spleen, and CT-derived splenic volume were also assessed. Correlation and agreement between radiographic and CT measurements and interobserver agreement for measurements with each method were determined. A retrospective evaluation of radiographs obtained without sedation or anesthesia for 28 cats was performed to establish preliminary guidelines for the measurement deemed the most reliable estimator of splenic size.

RESULTS
Radiographic measurements of total and segmental splenic length were significantly correlated with the respective CT measurements and with splenic volume. Agreement between radiographic and CT measurements of segmental length was good; interobserver agreement was excellent for all variables. In retrospective evaluations, median segmental length of the spleen was 57.87 mm (range, 34.72 to 105.44 mm) on radiographs; the caudal border of the splenic head on lateral views was located from the cranial part of L1 to the caudal part of L2, and the caudal border of the splenic tail on ventrodorsal views was located from the caudal part of L2 to the caudal part of L5.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that segmental length of the spleen on radiographs is a reliable estimator of splenic size in healthy cats.
Use of serum hyaluronic acid as a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation in dogs with septic peritonitis
Authors: Shaw Kaela E. , Bersenas Alexa M. , Bateman Shane W. , Blois Shauna L. , Guieu Liz-Valerie S. , Wood R. Darren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe daily changes in serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, in dogs with septic peritonitis and to determine whether relationships exist among serum concentrations of HA and biomarkers of inflammation and patient fluid status.

ANIMALS
8 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES
Serum samples that had been collected for a previous study and stored at −80°C were used. Blood samples were collected at admission and daily thereafter during hospitalization and were analyzed for concentrations of HA and interleukins 6, 8, and 10. Patient data including acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score, type and amount of fluids administered daily, and daily CBC and lactate concentration results were recorded. To determine the significant predictors of HA concentration, a general linear mixed model for repeated measures was developed.

RESULTS
All dogs survived to discharge. Concentrations of HA ranged from 18 to 1,050 ng/mL (interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 49 to 119 ng/mL) throughout hospitalization. Interleukin-6 concentration was a significant predictor of HA concentration as was total administered daily fluid volume when accounting for interleukin-6 concentration. When fluid volume was analyzed independent of inflammatory status, fluid volume was not a significant predictor. Concentrations of HA did not significantly change over time but tended to increase on day 2 or 3 of hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results supported the theory that inflammation is associated with endothelial glycocalyx degradation. Dogs recovering from septic peritonitis may become more susceptible to further endothelial glycocalyx damage as increasing fluid volumes are administered.
industrialização brasileira em perspectiva histórica (1808-1956)
Authors: Hees Felipe 
Published: June 2021

Desde a revogação da proibição de fábricas e de atividades manufatureiras em 1808, passando pelas diversas reformas alfandegárias ao longo do século XIX, pela controvérsia entre Eugênio Gudin e Roberto Simonsen, nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, acerca das vantagens e desvantagens do livre comércio, e pelas discussões no Senado federal, nos anos 1940 e 1950, a respeito da industrialização e do desenvolvimento econômico do País, a importância da indústria para o desenvolvimento do País constitui um dos temas centrais da história econômica nacional. A convergência de opiniões quanto Ã relevância do tema não se traduz em consenso quanto Ã dinâmica e aos condicionantes do processo de industrialização propriamente dito. Variando de questões conceituais ”” a falta de rigor no emprego de termos como industrialização e crescimento industrial, por exemplo, ou ainda a desatenção com processos de ressignificação vocabular ”” a aspectos substantivos e teóricos, as divergências dificultam o entendimento de como, quando e por que a indústria de bens de capital logrou desalojar a agricultura de exportação como centro dinâmico da economia brasileira. Exemplos de como o emprego inadequado de conceitos pode dificultar as análises teóricas do referido processo podem ser encontrados em diversos estudos que vinculam a industrialização brasileira ao nível de protecionismo vigente. Por esse ângulo, o principal obstáculo Ã industrialização brasileira no século XIX foi o nível reduzido das tarifas alfandegárias nacionais no período.
The choice of surgical treatment method of perforated pyloroduodenal ulcer
Authors: Maksymchuk D. V. , Mamchich V. I. , Maksymchuk V. D. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To develop a method of organ-saving operation aimed at preservation of the physiological function of the pylorus and the normal physiological functioning of the pyloroduodenal area in patients with combined perforated, stenotic pyloroduodenal ulcers.
Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients who faced surgery treatment in relation to complicated combined perforated, stenotic pyloroduodenal ulcers. Depending on diagnostic and surgical tactics applied, patients were conditionally divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 30 patients who underwent standard suturing methods. The main group also consisted of 30 patients in whom the developed method was applicated.
Results. In the control group at the postoperative period of 30 patients operated in different ways complications occurred in 12 persons or in 40% of cases. In the main group of 30 patients operated according to the proposed method, complication in the form of anastomositis occurred in 1 patient only.
Conclusions. The obtained results substantiate recommendation to clinical application the suggested method of organ-saving operation aimed to preserve the physiological function of the pyloroduodenal area, which excludes perforated ulcers suturing without pyloric stenosis elimination and gastrectomy on the background of peritonitis.
Cytokine and Antimicrobial Peptide Levels in Cholelithiasis
Authors: Gasimova K. F. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To study the cytokines and antimicrobial peptides concentrations in patients with cholelitiasis during 1 year treatment before and after the surgery.
Materials and methods. 38 patients with a cholelithiasis were examined and operated in the Educational-Surgical Clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. According to the treatment regimen after the operation the patients were divided into two groups: patients of the 1st group (n = 17) received standard treatment; patients of 2nd group (n = 21), in addition to standard treatment hepatoprotectors, combined enzyme preparations, pre- and probiotics were prescribed. The control group consisted of 14 apparently healthy individuals. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the blood and antimicrobial peptides (zonulin, calprotectin, and lactoferrin) in feces we studied with enzyme immunoassay method.
Results. In patients with cholelithiasis of the 1st group, the concentration of interleukin-6 was significantly increased by 5 times (p <0.001), the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α - by 3.5 times (p <0.001), of zonulin - by 2.2 times (p = 0.012), of calprotectin - by 5.8 times (p <0.001, the concentration of lactoferrin - by 60 times (p <0.001), and in the 2nd group - by 4.8 times (p <0.001), by 3.1 times (p <0.001), on 91.7% (p = 0.011), by 5.8 times (p <0.001) and by 52.8 times (p <0.001) respectively in comparison with the control.
Conclusions. Standard postoperative treatment supplemented by hepatoprotectors, combined enzyme preparations, pre- and probiotics prescription leads to a positive dynamics of inflammatory mediators concentration and its normalization.
Improving the effectiveness of the skin integrity restoring after deep burns by platelet-enriched plasma application
Authors: Chornopyshchuk R. M. , Nagaichuk V. I. , Nazarchuk O. A. , Zheliba M. D. , Urvan O. G. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To study the effectiveness of platelet-enriched plasma application in patients with deep burns at the stage of wounds preparation for autodermoplasty.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on 23 patients with burns IIA, IIB and III degrees taking 25 - 40% of the body surface. Comprehensive local treatment of patients of the main group included injection of platelet-enriched plasma at the stage of preparation of postoperative wounds for autodermoplasty. In patients of the control group, local treatment was limited by dressings with antiseptic solution. Examination of patients included visual inspection of the damaged area, microbiological examination of wound contents and histological examination of damaged tissues.
Results. Applying the suggested method of burn wounds local treatment resulted in reducing time of wounds preparation for closure by autologous skin grafts, reducing of their healing period, decreasing of tissues inflammatory activity, blood flow improvement, and stimulating processes of tissue granulation, proliferation, epithelialization.
Conclusions. The application of the autologous platelet-enriched plasma can be considered as an effective biotechnology that can increase the effectiveness of the skin integrity restoring in patients with burns.