bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential Impact of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus–Negative Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2+ on Primary Human Papillomavirus Screening
Authors: Iacobone Anna D , Bottari Fabio , Guerrieri Maria E , Vidal Urbinati Ailyn M , Ghioni Mariacristina , Spolti Noemi , Pino Ida , Passerini Rita , Di Pace Raffaela C , Franchi Dorella , Preti Eleonora P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) and to analyze the distribution of other genotypes in this subset.

Methods
In total, 431 women who underwent excisional surgical treatment for CIN or ICC at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The Linear Array HPV genotyping test (Roche Diagnostics) was performed on a postaliquot from high-risk-HPV–negative liquid-based cervical specimens, when available. Patient characteristics and the prevalence of high-risk-HPV–negative CIN grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) were tabulated. We used t tests to compare age between high-risk-HPV–positive and high-risk-HPV–negative patients.

Results
Overall, 8.9% of CIN2+ and 7.5% of ICC cases were high-risk HPV negative. There was no age difference between high-risk-HPV–negative CIN2+ women (mean [SD], 41.3 [8.7] years) and high-risk-HPV–positive women (mean [SD], 39.5 [9.0] years) (P = .28). The Linear Array result was available in 22 cases. Most high-risk-HPV–negative patients were positive for a single other genotype infection (32.6%). HPV 73 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 53 and HPV 84. HPV 26 was detected in 1 case of ICC.

Conclusions
Our results showed a not-negligible proportion of high-risk-HPV–negative CIN2+, suggesting that cotesting would not miss these cases.
Association Between Blood Pressure Classification Using the 2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Guideline and Retinal Atherosclerosis
Authors: Matsuoka Satoshi , Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Fukui Akira , Morita Kojiro , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Kamon Tatsuya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Seki Hikari , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Nakamura Sunao , Yokoo Takashi , Nishiyama Akira , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
We aimed to explore the association between the blood pressure (BP) classification defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guideline and the prevalence of retinal atherosclerosis.

Methods
This study was a retrospective observational cross-sectional analysis using the JMDC Claims Database. We analyzed 280,599 subjects not taking any antihypertensive medications. According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, each subject was categorized as having normal BP (n = 159,524), elevated BP (n = 35,603), stage 1 hypertension (n = 54,795), or stage 2 hypertension (n = 30,677) using the BP value at the initial health checkup. Retinal photographs were assessed according to the Keith–Wagener–Barker system.

Results
The median age was 46 years, and 50.4% subjects were men. Retinal atherosclerosis, defined as Keith–Wagener–Barker system grade ≥1, was observed in 3.2% in normal BP, 5.2% in elevated BP, 7.7% in stage 1 hypertension, and 18.7% in stage 2 hypertension. Compared with normal BP, elevated BP (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.38), stage 1 hypertension (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.64–1.79), and stage 2 hypertension (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 3.93–4.28) were associated with a higher prevalence of retinal atherosclerosis. Among 92,121 subjects without obesity, high waist circumference, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, elevated BP (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19–1.51), stage 1 hypertension (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.61–1.98), and stage 2 hypertension (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 4.00–4.92) were associated with a higher prevalence of retinal atherosclerosis. This association was observed in all subgroups stratified by age or sex.

Conclusions
Our investigation suggests that retinal atherosclerosis could start even in individuals with elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension.
Exosomal ncRNAs profiling of mycobacterial infection identified miRNA-185-5p as a novel biomarker for tuberculosis
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Wu Qiqi , Lin Li , Li Haibo , Zhao Longqi , Wen Zilu , Song Yanzheng , Wu Qihang , Wang Jin , Guo Xiaokui , Wang Hualin , Yu Xiaoli , Wei Dongqing , Zhang Shulin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground: There are ever increasing researches implying that noncoded RNAs (ncRNAs) specifically circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes play vital roles in respiratory disease. However, the detailed mechanisms persist to be unclear in mycobacterial infection.Methods: In order to detect circRNAs and miRNAs expression pattern and potential biological function in tuberculosis, we performed immense parallel sequencing for exosomal ncRNAs from THP-1-derived macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and control Streptococcus pneumonia, respectively and uninfected normal cells. Besides, THP-1-derived macrophages were used to verify the validation of differential miRNAs, and monocytes from PBMCs and clinical plasma samples were used to further validate differentially expressed miR-185-5p.Results: Many exosomal circRNAs and miRNAs associated with tuberculosis infection were recognized. Extensive enrichment analyses were performed to illustrate the major effects of altered ncRNAs expression. Moreover, the miRNA–mRNA and circRNA–miRNA networks were created and expected to reveal their interrelationship. Further, significant differentially expressed miRNAs based on Exo-BCG, Exo-Ra and Exo-Control, were evaluated, and the potential target mRNAs and function were analyzed. Eventually, miR-185-5p was collected as a promising potential biomarker for tuberculosis.Conclusion: Our findings provide a new vision for exploring biological functions of ncRNAs in mycobacterial infection and screening novel potential biomarkers. To sum up, exosomal ncRNAs might represent useful functional biomarkers in tuberculosis pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Duality of Smell: Route-Dependent Effects on Olfactory Perception and Language
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Hörberg Thomas , Olofsson Jonas , Luckett Curtis R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Olfactory research in humans has largely focused on odors perceived via sniffing, orthonasal olfaction, whereas odors perceived from the mouth, retronasal olfaction, are less well understood. Prior work on retronasally presented odors involves animal models and focus mainly on odor sensitivity, but little is known about retronasal olfactory perception and cognition in humans. In this study, we compared orthonasal and retronasal odor presentation routes to investigate differences in odor descriptions and evaluations. Thirty-six individuals participated in a within-subjects study using twelve odors (varying in pleasantness and edibility) in perceptual and semantic tasks. Orthonasal presentation was associated with a better ability to identify odors, and with more concrete (and source-based) language. Exploratory analyses revealed that whereas orthonasal odors were described with words that had visual associations, retronasal odors were described with words that had interoceptive associations. Interestingly, these route-dependent differences in descriptor usage were not explained by differences in sensitivity and intensity, suggesting instead a cognitive and linguistic processing difference between odors presented orthonasally and retronasally. Our results indicate that olfaction is, in fact, a dual sense, in which the routes change the perception of an odor.
Efficacy of 1 g Ceftriaxone Monotherapy Compared to Dual Therapy With Azithromycin or Doxycycline for Treating Extragenital Gonorrhea Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Aoki Takahiro , Mizushima Daisuke , Takano Misao , Ando Naokatsu , Uemura Haruka , Yanagawa Yasuaki , Watanabe Koji , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Oka Shinichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence on efficacy of high-dose ceftriaxone monotherapy for extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection is lacking.

Methods
A cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) were tested for NG/Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) every 3 months, in a single-center observational study in Tokyo, Japan. MSM aged &gt; 19 years diagnosed with extragenital NG infection between 2017 and 2020 were included. A single dose of 1 g ceftriaxone monotherapy was provided, while dual therapy with a single oral dose of 1 g azithromycin or 100 mg doxycycline administered orally twice daily for 7 days were given, for those coinfected with CT, according to infected sites. Efficacy of these treatments was calculated by the number of NG-negative subjects at test-of-cure divided by the number of subjects treated. Fisher exact tests were used to compare the efficacy between the 2 groups.

Results
Of 320 cases diagnosed with extragenital NG, 208 were treated with monotherapy and 112 were treated with dual therapy. The efficacy against total, pharyngeal, and rectal infections was 98.1% (204/208, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.2–99.3%), 97.8% (135/138, 95% CI: 93.8–99.4%), and 98.6% (69/70, 95% CI: 92.3–99.9%), respectively, in the monotherapy group, whereas the corresponding efficacy in the dual therapy was 95.5% (107/112, 95% CI: 90.0–98.1%), 96.1% (49/51, 95% CI: 86.8–99.3%), and 95.1% (58/61, 95% CI: 86.5–98.7%), respectively. No significant difference in the corresponding efficacy was observed between the two groups (P = .29, P = .61, P = .34, respectively).

Conclusions
High-dose ceftriaxone monotherapy is as effective as dual therapy for extragenital NG among MSM.
Left atrial strain by speckle tracking predicts atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing heart transplantation
Authors: Lisi Matteo , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Cameli Matteo , Pastore Maria Concetta , Righini Francesca Maria , Benfari Giovanni , Rubboli Andrea , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Focardi Marta , Tsioulpas Charilaos , Bernazzali Sonia , Maccherini Massimo , Lisi Edoardo , Lindqvist Per , Valente Serafina , Mondillo Sergio , Henein Michael Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
In patients with heart failure (HF), chronically raised left ventricular (LV) filling pressures lead to progressive left atrial (LA) dysfunction and fibrosis. We aimed to assess the correlation of LA reservoir strain (peak atrial longitudinal strain, PALS) by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and LA fibrosis assessed by myocardial biopsy in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HTx).

Methods and results
Forty-eight patients with advanced HF [mean age 51.2 ± 8.1 years, 29% females; LV ejection fraction ≤25% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III–IV] referred for HTx were enrolled and underwent pre-operative echocardiographic evaluation, right heart catheterization, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Exclusion criteria were non-sinus rhythm, mechanical ventilation, severe mitral/tricuspid regurgitation, or other valvular disease and poor acoustic window. After HTx, LA bioptic samples were collected and analysed to determine the extent of myocardial fibrosis (%). LA fibrosis showed correlation with PALS (R = −0.88, P &lt; 0.0001), VO2max (R = −0.68, P &lt; 0.0001), NYHA class (R = 0.66, P &lt; 0.0001), LA stiffness (R = 0.58, P = 0.0002), and E/e' (R = 0.44, P = 0.005), while poorly correlated with E/A ratio (R = 0.23, P = 0.21). PALS had a good correlation with NYHA class (R = −0.64, P &lt; 0.0001), PAoP (R = −0.61, P = 0.03) and VO2max (R = 0.57, P = 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis identified PALS (beta = −0.91, P &lt; 0.001) and LA Volume (beta = −0.19, P = 0.03) as predictors of LA Fibrosis, while E/e’ was not a significant predictor (beta = 0.15, P = 0.08).

Conclusion
Emerging as a possible index of myocardial fibrosis in patients with advanced HF, PALS could help to optimize the management and the selection of those patients with irreversible LA structural damage for advanced therapeutic strategies.
A case report of successful intravascular shockwave lithotripsy andad hocdirectional venous atherectomy of extensive chronic femoral deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Agrawal Yashwant , Ponna Pramod , Zoltowska Dominika M , Halabi Abdul R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundConventional treatment for chronic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is anticoagulation. However, limited interventional endovascular options exist for patients with non-healing venous ulcers secondary to chronic DVT.Case summaryWe present a case of 67-year-old man with severely symptomatic post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) with persistent high-grade femoral DVT despite prior compressive therapy and chronic oral anticoagulation. It has been successfully treated with intravascular shockwave lithotripsy and ad hoc directional venous atherectomy facilitating subsequent mechanical thrombectomy and venoplasty. The procedure was without complication and resulted in significant clinical improvement.DiscussionWe believe our novel endovascular interventional approach represents a unique modality of intervention for patients with chronic DVT and PTS resistant to conventional venoplasty.
Interventricular septum mass presenting as a late acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation: a case report
Authors: Coroyer Lucas , Garcon Philippe , Duchatelle Veronique , Azarine Arshid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Intracardiac masses are relatively rare but the diagnosis can be challenging for the cardiologist and the clinical presentation can be misleading. While most of the cardiac masses are benign, malignant masses are mostly metastatic tumours.

Case summary
An 81-year-old man was admitted to the cardiology department for congestive heart failure with the complaint of recent dyspnoea. The initial electrocardiogram was suggestive of a late presentation of an anterior myocardial infarction. Blood test showed mild and stable elevation of troponin and brain natriuretic peptide. Doppler-echocardiography revealed an interventricular septal thickening. Contrast echocardiography revealed a mass with a possibly necrotic centre and peripheral hypervascularization. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) confirmed the existence of a cardiac tumour with a hypodense centre and also revealed the presence of a large tumour of the lung’s left lower lobe with multiple enlarged lymph nodes associated with possible left adrenal gland metastasis. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy of the pulmonary mass demonstrated a squamous cell lung cancer which was likely the primary cancer. The patient was discharged home waiting for chemotherapy to start but died a few days later at home of an unknown cause.

Discussion
Diagnosis of intracardiac mass is difficult, often requiring multiple imaging modalities. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography may help early diagnosis and can be easily implemented with other imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or CT.
Successful implantation of a leadless pacemaker in a patient with complete atrioventricular block and congenital absence of superior vena cava: a case report
Authors: Kawaguchi Taiyo , Yatsu Shoichiro , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Suwa Satoru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Congenital absence of superior vena cava (CASVC) is an extremely rare vascular anomaly often associated with conduction disturbances which makes implantation of a pacemaker difficult. We report a case of pacemaker implantation in a patient presenting with complete atrioventricular block (c-AVB) with bilateral absence of the SVC.

Case summary
A 68-year-old man who had experienced dyspnoea on exertion by c-AVB was admitted to our hospital for treatment and management. Permanent pacemaker insertion was initially planned; however, an endocardial pacemaker lead could not be implanted in the right atrium. Computed tomography scan with contrast revealed that the venous blood from the upper half of the body flowed into the inferior vena cava via the azygos vein. Due to the difficulty of inserting an endocardial lead from the subclavian vein, a leadless pacemaker (LP) was implanted instead via the femoral vein.

Discussion
This is the first case of an LP implantation in a patient presenting with c-AVB with CASVC. Confirmation of blood vessel anatomy to rule out CASVC is necessary prior to pacemaker implantation when abnormal venous anatomy is suspected.
Statin but not aspirin treatment is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes without obstructive coronary artery disease: a cohort study from the Western Denmark Heart Registry
Authors: Olesen Kevin Kris Warnakula , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Thim Troels , Thomsen Reimar W , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik T , Maeng Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Patients with diabetes and no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) as assessed by coronary angiography (CAG) are frequently treated with aspirin and statins. We examined the effectiveness of aspirin and statin treatment on cardiovascular and bleeding incidence in patients with diabetes and absent obstructive CAD.

Methods and results
The study included patients with diabetes and absent obstructive CAD as assessed by CAG from 2003 to 2016 in Western Denmark. We stratified patients by aspirin and statin treatment within 6 months after CAG in two separate analyses. Outcomes were MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events, a composite of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and death) and bleeding (aspirin only). To account for confounding, we used propensity score-based weights to estimate the inverse probability of treatment-weighted hazard ratios (HRIPTW). We included 4124 patients with diabetes but without CAD as assessed by CAG, among whom 2474 (60%) received aspirin and 2916 (71%) received statin treatment within 6 months following CAG. Median follow-up was 4.9 years. Aspirin did not reduce 10-year MACE [21.3% vs. 21.8%, HRIPTW 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.25], all-cause death (HRIPTW 0.96, 95% CI 0.74–1.23), or bleeding (HRIPTW 0.95, 95% CI 0.73–1.23), compared to those not receiving aspirin treatment. Statin treatment reduced MACE (25% vs. 37%, HRIPTW 0.58, 95% CI 0.48–0.70) compared to those not receiving statin treatment.

Conclusion
Among patients with diabetes and no obstructive CAD, aspirin neither reduced MACE nor increased bleeding. In contrast, statin treatment was associated with a major reduction in risk of MACE.
pSONIC: Ploidy-aware Syntenic Orthologous Networks Identified via Collinearity
Authors: Conover Justin L , Sharbrough Joel , Wendel Jonathan F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid rise in availability of high-quality genomes for closely related species, methods for orthology inference that incorporate synteny are increasingly useful. Polyploidy perturbs the 1:1 expected frequencies of orthologs between two species, complicating the identification of orthologs. Here we present a method of ortholog inference, Ploidy-aware Syntenic Orthologous Networks Identified via Collinearity (pSONIC). We demonstrate the utility of pSONIC using four species in the cotton tribe (Gossypieae), including one allopolyploid, and place between 75% and 90% of genes from each species into nearly 32,000 orthologous groups, 97% of which consist of at most singletons or tandemly duplicated genes—58.8% more than comparable methods that do not incorporate synteny. We show that 99% of singleton gene groups follow the expected tree topology and that our ploidy-aware algorithm recovers 97.5% identical groups when compared to splitting the allopolyploid into its two respective subgenomes, treating each as separate “species.”
Tail Autotomy Alters Prey Capture Performance and Kinematics, but not Success, in Banded Geckos
Authors: Vollin Marina F , Higham Timothy E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTails are versatile structures with diverse forms and functions across vertebrates. They are involved in almost all behaviors critical to survival including locomotion, feeding, and predator avoidance. Although the tail’s role in locomotion and stability has been widely studied, its role in prey capture is relatively unknown. Lizards are an ideal system to examine the tail’s impact on prey capture as most are capable of autotomizing, or dropping, their tail in response to predation and intraspecific competition. Tail autotomy can lower reproduction, decrease locomotor performance, impart instability during jumping, and decrease social status. Desert banded geckos (Coleonyx variegatus) frequently capture evasive prey in nature and appear to use their tail during strikes. However, it is unclear if these tail movements are important for the strike itself, or if they simply draw attention to that part of the body. We used high-speed 3D videography to quantify prey capture performance and kinematics of C. variegatus striking at crickets before and after total caudal autotomy. Trials were conducted within 2 h of autotomy and then repeatedly over a 2-week period. Overall, prey capture success was unaffected by caudal autotomy. However, maximum strike velocity decreased significantly after autotomy, highlighting the importance of the tail during prey capture. Strike kinematics were altered after autotomy in several ways, including geckos adopting a more sprawled posture. Maximum pectoral girdle and mid-back height were significantly lower during post-autotomy strikes, whereas maximum pelvic girdle height was unaffected. However, individual variation was considerable. This downward pitching of the body after tail loss suggests that the tail is necessary for counterbalancing the anterior portion of the body and resisting the rotational inertia incurred after pushing off with the hindlimbs. Utilizing autotomy to test tail function in prey capture can provide valuable insight into how the tail is used in terrestrial predation across a wide variety of species and ecological niches.