bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submarine slope destabilization and gully formation by water sapping: Physical simulation of an underestimated trigger of subaqueous sediment gravity flows
Authors: Holz Boffo Carolina , Bayer da Silva Daniel , Manica Rafael , de Oliveira Borges Ana Luiza , Roessler Viana Adriano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA laboratory tank experiment tested whether a subsurface flow from a confined aquifer causes slope instability and leads to the formation of pathways for sediment transfer from shallow to deep water when the subsurface flow discharges through the face of a subaqueous slope. A sandy slope with multilayer stratigraphy was built inside the tank, and a confined aquifer was simulated within the stratigraphy. To induce groundwater flow out of the face of the slope, water was injected in the proximal zone of the confined aquifer at progressive increased discharge. Sediment movement on the slope occurred by rolling of particles, fluidized flow, grain flow and slides. The fluctuation of phreatic pressure in the confined aquifer was measured by a set of piezometers, from which the hydraulic gradient generated by the water flow moving towards the slope was determined. This study determined that the mass movements started when the imposed injected flow rate was greater than the hydraulic conductivity capacity of the simulated aquifer, using the flow capacity calculated from the Darcy equation for porous media. The various physical parameters used in the experiment were found to scale well to natural prototypes. Moreover, the patterns of erosion and deposition in the physical simulation resembled natural features observed in seismic‐geomorphology maps and modern deep‐sea physiography. Therefore, water sapping by a confined aquifer flow is a potential mechanism for slope erosion and instability and for the formation of pathways connecting shallow‐water and deep‐water environments.
Bro1 binds the Vps20 subunit ofESCRT‐IIIand promotesESCRT‐IIIregulation by Doa4
Authors: Buysse Dalton , West Matt , Leih Mitchell , Odorizzi Greg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes requires membrane scission by the ESCRT‐III complex. This step is negatively regulated in yeast by Doa4, the ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted as cargoes into ILVs. Doa4 acts non‐enzymatically to inhibit ESCRT‐III membrane scission activity by directly binding the Snf7 subunit of ESCRT‐III. This interaction inhibits the remodeling/disassembly of Snf7 polymers required for the ILV membrane scission reaction. Thus, Doa4 is thought to have a structural role that delays ILV budding while it also functions enzymatically to deubiquitinate ILV cargoes. In this study, we show that Doa4 binding to Snf7 in vivo is antagonized by another ESCRT‐III subunit, Vps20. Doa4 is restricted from interacting with Snf7 in yeast expressing a mutant Vps20 allele that constitutively binds Doa4. This inhibitory effect of Vps20 is suppressed by overexpression of another ESCRT‐III‐associated protein, Bro1. We show that Bro1 binds directly to Vps20, suggesting that Bro1 has a central role in relieving the antagonistic relationship that Vps20 has toward Doa4.
Correctional nurse education and training to care for and support prisoners with dementia: a systematic review of text and opinion
Authors: Gaston Sherryl , Porritt Kylie , Jordan Zoe 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the training required for correctional nurses to care for and support prisoners with dementia.

Introduction:
Nurses caring for people in aged care facilities receive training related to aging and dementia; however, this has not carried across to training for the increasing aging population within correctional settings. Most research related to dementia care is focused on the aged and acute care sectors, and there is an absence of research in the correctional setting. Therefore, this systematic review was based on expert opinion and synthesizes information related to correctional nurse training for the support and care of prisoners with dementia.

Inclusion criteria:
Articles focusing on correctional nurses, regardless of gender, who were responsible for the health care of adult prisoners were considered for this review. The primary phenomenon of interest was the training needs and requirements for correctional nurses to support prisoners with dementia. The secondary phenomenon of interest was how the delivery of the training could be facilitated. The context of this review was the adult correctional setting. The sources of information considered for this review included text and narratives describing expert opinion, expert opinion-based guidelines, expert consensus, published discussion papers, unpublished dissertations, reports accessed from professional organization websites, and government policy documents.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy was employed to look for both published and unpublished articles as recommended by JBI. The search was conducted for English-only articles, and from database inception to November 2020. All included articles were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. The data were extracted and pooled. Categories were developed and assigned based on similarity of meaning, and a set of synthesized conclusions was developed after subjecting the categories to meta-synthesis.

Results:
Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and underwent critical appraisal and data extraction. Five synthesized findings were generated from 103 findings, which were aggregated into 15 categories. As expected, the rating was very low due to the nature of the included papers (ie, non-research), and the mix of unequivocal, credible, and unsupported findings.

Conclusions:
The review highlighted gaps in correctional nurse training related to caring for prisoners with dementia. Training for correctional nurses should incorporate information on general aging, alterations in aging, and dementia screening and management. Other findings included the need for policy and procedures related to training nurses to become dementia experts, and the development of partnerships with experts in the community to adapt training to the correctional setting.
Effect of Parameters of Rotating Cylinders on the Heat Transfer Advancement
Authors: Azim Ehsanul , Sagor Md. Jahid Hasan , Hridoy Shadman Sakief , Hasan A. B. M. Rafiqul , Rahman S. M. Ashrafur , Alim Abdul , Abdelhamid Talaat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conjugate pure mixed convection in a differentially heated square cavity with two vertically placed heat conductive revolving cylinders has been analyzed in a computational approach applying the finite element method. This analysis has been implemented considering the upper and lower wall as insulated simultaneously and the left vertical wall as heated maintaining constant temperature (i.e., isothermally heated) and the right vertical wall as isothermally cooled. The outcomes of this study have been examined concerning streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number (Nu) which unveils a noteworthy fact that both the rotating cylinders' inclination patterns and Reynolds number (Re) have a vital role upon the average Nusselt number (Nu), flow pattern, and isotherms. From that perspective, best heat transfer phenomena have been observed for counterclockwise circulation of both cylinders so that the condition for these cases has been assessed from a distance variation between the two cylinders maintaining a constant speed ratio (Ω). Moreover, the best result from this assessment has been trialed changing the type of materials of the rotating cylinders and ultimately, the best one has been specified as well as tested for various speed ratios. In the end, the results have been compared with the stationary cylinders where a similar type of results have been observed, but for rotating ones, Nusselt number (Nu) has been observed higher than stationary ones.
Thermal Stratification in a Pool With Submerged Heater Under Low Frequency Excitation
Authors: Chauhan S. P. , Chandraker D. K. , Kumar Naveen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thermal performance of passive residual heat removal systems and solar heaters is affected by thermal stratification in the pool. There are hardly any studies reported in the literature on the role of seismic excitations on thermal stratification in water pools. This work focuses on the experimental investigation of thermal stratification in a pool under the seismic condition with the horizontally mounted heater simulating the heat exchanger. Effects of heater submergence depth, frequency of excitation, and amplitude of displacement on the thermal stratification have been investigated experimentally. It was observed that the heater submergence depth has significant effect on thermal stratification in the pool. When the water pool is subjected to an external excitation, the pool water separates into two zones; convective and impulsive. If the heater is in the impulsive zone, excitation effects are not found. If heater is close to convective zone, significant effects on thermal stratification are observed. However, it is observed that only first mode of excitation with large amplitude helps to achieve complete thermal mixing. Higher modes of excitation have the minimal effect on thermal stratification mitigation. Nondimensional stratification number has been evaluated to explain the mitigation of thermal stratification with seismic excitation.
Leader-Following Synchronization Control of Multiple Electrohydraulic Actuators Under Switching Network Topologies
Authors: Guo Qing , Chen Zhenlei , Jiang Dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A leader-following quasi-synchronization control is proposed in multiple electrohydraulic actuators (MEHAs) under different switching network topologies to guarantee the follower electrohydraulic actuators (EHAs) track the leader motion. Firstly, each EHA has a three order nonlinear dynamics with an unknown external load. Then by using Lie derivative technique, the MEHAs nonlinear models with n + 1 nodes are feedback linearized for convenient control design. Furthermore, the leader node is constructed as a virtual simulation model to be stabilized by PI controller. Meanwhile, a quasi-synchronized controller together with a disturbance observer is designed by linear matrix inequality (LMI) and Lyapunov techniques to guarantee that the synchronization errors between the n follower nodes and the leader node 0 are uniformly ultimate boundaries. Finally, the effectiveness of the leader-following quasi-synchronized controller is verified by a MEHAs experimental bench with three EHAs under switching network topologies.
Bending Stability of Corrugated Tubes With Anisotropic Frustum Shells
Authors: Wo Zhongyuan , Filipov Evgueni T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thin-walled corrugated tubes that have a bending multistability, such as the bendy straw, allow for variable orientations over the tube length. Compared to the long history of corrugated tubes in practical applications, the mechanics of the bending stability and how it is affected by the cross sections and other geometric parameters remain unknown. To explore the geometry-driven bending stabilities, we used several tools, including a reduced-order simulation package, a simplified linkage model, and physical prototypes. We found the bending stability of a circular two-unit corrugated tube is dependent on the longitudinal geometry and the stiffness of the crease lines that connect separate frusta. Thinner shells, steeper cones, and weaker creases are required to achieve bending bi-stability. We then explored how the bending stability changes as the cross section becomes elongated or distorted with concavity. We found the bending bi-stability is favored by deep and convex cross sections, while wider cross sections with a large concavity remain mono-stable. The different geometries influence the amounts of stretching and bending energy associated with bending the tube. The stretching energy has a bi-stable profile and can allow for a stable bent configuration, but it is counteracted by the bending energy which increases monotonically. The findings from this work can enable informed design of corrugated tube systems with desired bending stability behavior.
Effect of Rotor Tip Casing Treatment on the Performance and Stability of a Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors: Shivaramaiah Subbaramu , Varpe Mahesh K. , Afzal Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a transonic compressor rotor, tip leakage flow interacts with passage shock, casing boundary layer and secondary flow. This leads to increase in total pressure loss and reduction of compressor stability margin. Casing treatment is one of the passive endwall geometry modification technique to control tip leakage flow interaction. In the present investigation effect of rotor tip casing treatment is investigated on performance and stability of a NASA 37 transonic compressor stage. Existing literature reveals, that endwall casing treatment slots i.e., porous casing treatment, axial slots axially skewed slots, circumferential grooves, recirculating casing treatment etc. are able to improve compressor stability margin with penalty on stage efficiency. Turbomachinery engineers and scientists are still focusing their research work to identify an endwall casing treatment configuration with improves both compressor stall margin as well as stage efficiency. Hence in the current work, as an innovative idea, effect of casing treatment slot along rotor tip mean camber line is investigated on NASA 37 compressor stage. Casing treatment slot with rectangular cross-section was created along the rotor tip mean camber line. Four different casing treatment configurations were created by changing number of slots on rotor casing surface. In all four configurations casing treatment slot width and height remains same. Flow simulation of NASA 37 compressor stage was performed with all these four casing treatment configurations. A maximum stall margin improvement of 3% was achieved with a particular slot configuration, but without any increase in compressor stage efficiency.
Impact of Uniform Surface Roughness on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor Rotor at Different Rotational Speeds
Authors: Malhotra Ashima , Goswami Shraman , A M Pradeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aerodynamic performance of a compressor rotor is known to deteriorate due to surface roughness. It is important to understand this deterioration as it impacts the overall performance of the engine. This paper, therefore, aims to numerically investigate the impact of roughness on the performance of an axial compressor rotor at different rotational speeds. In this numerical study, the simulations are carried out for NASA Rotor37 at 100%, 80%, and 60% of its design speed. with and without roughness on the blade surface. These speeds are chosen because they represent different flow regimes. The front stages of a multistage compressor usually have a supersonic or transonic regime whereas the middle and aft stages have a subsonic regime. Thus, these performance characteristics can give an estimate of the impact on the performance of a multistage compressor. At 100% speed (design speed), the relative flow is supersonic, at 80% of design speed, the relative flow is transonic and at 60% of design speed, the relative flow is subsonic. Detailed flow field investigations are carried out to understand the underlying flow physics. The results indicate that, for the same amount of roughness, the degradation in the performance is maximum at 100% speed where the rotor is supersonic, while the impact is minimum at 60% speed where the rotor is subsonic. Thus, the rotor shock system plays an important role in determining the performance loss due to roughness. It is also observed that the loss increases with increased span for 100% and 80% speeds, but for 60% speed, the loss is almost constant from the hub to the shroud. This is because, with the increased span, the shock strength increases for 100% and 80% speeds, whereas at 60% speed flow is subsonic.
Validating the Iterative Design Procedure for an Axial Flow Turbine Test Rig
Authors: Arora Rajat , Sundararaj Ramraj H. , Sekar T. Chandra , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Turbines remain one of the most efficient devices for extracting energy from a flowing fluid. In a gas turbine engine, axial flow turbines are used to extract energy from the working fluid and drive the compressor, to which they are mechanically connected. To maximize the performance of the axial flow turbine, it is necessary to carry out a design optimization of the components while suitably accounting for losses generated by secondary flows. An axial flow turbine rig is designed, fabricated, and installed to better understand and improve upon secondary flow models used in design procedures. The rig is driven by a blower operating at a constant speed, capable of delivering a maximum airflow rate of 0.4 kg/s and a maximum pressure rise of 500 mbar across the device. The axial flow turbine is mechanically connected to a dynamometer capable of operating at a full load capacity of 5 kW and a maximum rotational speed of 10,000 RPM.
The axial flow turbine, housed between the blower and dynamometer, consists of nozzle guide vanes followed by a rotor. The design pressure ratio is chosen as 1.04, based on the blower delivery conditions and dynamometer specifications. For an initial design, a low-pressure ratio low rotor speed design was selected, allowing for easy installation and testing of the rotating components. The design space for the axial flow turbine was generated by varying flow and geometrical parameters in suitable steps, using a program written in MATLAB 2020a. Using the input variables and applying free vortex theory for three-dimensional blade design, the aerodynamic design of the axial flow turbine was carried out. The axial flow turbine design is experimentally tested with suitable pressure measurements at every station. Experiments are conducted for four different air mass flow rates. At each air mass flow, the rotor speed is varied by increasing/decreasing the dynamometer load. The data is recorded and compared with the design point. The difference between the design and measured performance parameters is observed to be within acceptable limits.
Modelling Wall-Pressure Spectra in Turbulent Boundary Layers Using Neural Networks
Authors: Haridas Akash , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we model the spectra of wall-pressure fluctuations beneath subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) at zero pressure gradient using neural networks (NNs). We collect and compile data pertaining to wall-pressure fluctuation spectra from several experimental and computational studies on TBLs. In contrast to conventional methods of hand-tuning the parameters of a model to fit the available data, the use of modern powerful statistical learning techniques such as neural networks provide an automatic and quick way to fit a model. We explore four different scenarios of making use of the compiled data. In comparison with COMPRA-G, an empirical model recently proposed to account for compressibility effects in TBLs, we achieve a better fit to observed data using the NN model, particularly at low frequencies of the spectra.
Application of Machine Learning in Turbulent Combustion for Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor Design
Authors: Verma Vishwas , Manoharan Kiran , Basani Jaydeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulation of gas turbine combustors requires resolving a broad spectrum of length and time scales for accurate flow field and emission predictions. Reynold’s Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach can generate solutions in few hours; however, it fails to produce accurate predictions for turbulent reacting flow field seen in general combustors. On the other hand, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach can overcome this challenge, but it requires orders of magnitude higher computational cost. This limits designers to use the LES approach in combustor development cycles and prohibits them from using the same in numerical optimization. The current work tries to build an alternate approach using a data-driven method to generate fast and consistent results. In this work, deep learning (DL) dense neural network framework is used to improve the RANS solution accuracy using LES data as truth data. A supervised regression learning multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network engine is developed. The machine learning (ML) engine developed in the present study can compute data with LES accuracy in 95% lesser computational time than performing LES simulations. The output of the ML engine shows good agreement with the trend of LES, which is entirely different from RANS, and to a reasonable extent, captures magnitudes of actual flow variables. However, it is recommended that the ML engine be trained using broad design space and physical laws along with a purely data-driven approach for better generalization.
How Much Time in Sedentary Behavior Should Be Reduced to Decrease Fear of Falling and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults?
Authors: Canever Jaquelini Betta , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia , Oliveira Leopoldino Amanda Aparecida , Corseuil Maruí Weber , de Avelar Núbia Carelli Pereira 
Published: December 2021

Fear of falling and history of falls are frequent situations in older adults, which can be aggravated by sedentary behavior (SB). The objective was to establish SB cutoff values which discriminate falls and fear of falling in older adults and verify the association between these conditions. This was a cross-sectional study including 308 community-dwelling older adults. The SB was assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The outcomes were history of falling in the last 12 months and fear of falling (higher or equal than 23 points in Falls Efficacy Scale International—Brazil). The cutoff points found were >4.14 (area under curve = 0.60, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] [0.54, 0.65]) and >3.90 hr per day (area under curve = 0.59, 95% CI [0.53, 0.64]) for fear of falling and history of falls, respectively. Older adults with SB had 1.71 (95% CI [1.03, 2.84]) and 1.75 (95% CI [1.06, 2.89]) greater odds of having greater fear of falling and suffering falls, respectively.
A Solution-Focused Approach to Shared Athlete Leadership Development Using Mixed Methods
Authors: Maechel Christopher , Loughead Todd M. , Wergin V. Vanessa , Kossak Tom , Beckmann Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

Shared leadership is an emergent team phenomenon, emphasizing that it originates from the interaction of all team members. However, previous athlete leadership studies have focused on the individual level, omitting the role of team member interaction. In order to develop shared athlete leadership as an emergent team phenomenon, we utilized a solution-focused brief therapy paradigm, which uses coconstruction to engender change for social systems (e.g., sport teams). Sixty athletes from six sport teams (three in the experimental condition and three in the control condition) participated in a mixed-methods experimental design consisting of parallel quantitative and qualitative data collection along with a combined interpretation of these data. The quantitative results support a difference in development of shared leadership between groups, while the qualitative analysis resulted in four themes that indicate changes in interactional patterns and relational structures within the teams.