bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathology, Genetics and Biomarkers of Synucleinopathies
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Sekiya Hiroaki , Kondru Naveen , Ross Owen , Dickson Dennis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Synucleinopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein in neurons and glia, in the form of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Synucleinopathies can be divided into two major disease entities: Lewy body disease (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Common clinical presentations of LBD are Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), while MSA has two major clinical subtypes, MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) and MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for the synucleinopathies, but elucidation of genetics and mechanisms of α-synuclein conversion to pathologic oligomers and insoluble fibrils offer hope for eventual therapies. It remains unclear how α-synuclein can be associated with distinct cellular pathologies (e.g., Lewy bodies and GCI) and what factors determine neuroanatomical and cell type vulnerability. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that α-synuclein species derived from LBD and MSA are distinct "strains" having different seeding properties. Recent advancements in in vitro seeding assays, such as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), not only demonstrate distinct seeding activity in the synucleinopathies, but also offer exciting opportunities for molecular diagnosis using readily accessible peripheral tissues. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural studies of α-synuclein derived from recombinant or brain-derived filaments provide new insight into mechanisms of seeding in synucleinopathies. In this review, we describe clinical, genetic and neuropathologic features of synucleinopathies, including a review of classification and staging schemes for LBD. We also review evidence supporting the existence of distinct α-synuclein strains in LBD and MSA.
Records of plutonium isotopes in marine sediments from the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Alvarado Jose A. Corcho , Diaz-Asenciuo Misael , Röllin Stefan , Herguera Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Here we report on new data on plutonium (Pu) isotopes to elucidate activity concentrations, inventories, sources and their transport from the ocean surface to the sea floor from a collection of deep-sea sediment cores (depths ranging from 257 to 3739 m) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Sediment cores collected from the continental shelf and upper slope region of the GoM consistently showed 240Pu/239Pu ratios of 0.15 to 0.26 and Pu-inventories ranging from 15 to 35 Bq m− 2. Inventories and ratios are consistent with global fallout Pu for this tropical region. In the continental shelf and upper slope regions, higher particle concentrations close to the margins favor significant scavenging and removal of Pu from the water column; in contrast with the deep-sea cores that show low 240Pu/239Pu ratios (0.07–0.13) and a much lower Pu inventory (< 7 Bq m-2) implying a small fraction of the expected global fallout inventory has reached into the lower slopes and abyssal plain of the GoM. Low values and a progressive decrease of 240Pu/239Pu ratios and Pu inventories with increasing water depth have been previously reported for the GoM. The low Pu ratios indicate that Nevada tests fallout was an important source of Pu to deep-sea sediments, and that this source was likely more efficiently removed from the water column than global fallout Pu. Analysis of Pu isotopes in two sediment traps from the upper slope regions show 240Pu/239Pu ratios comparable to the ones observed in the global fallout. These results indicate that global fallout Pu is currently the main source of Pu in water column particles. Therefore, a significant fraction of global fallout Pu must still be present; either in a dissolved phase, or as biologically recycled material in the water column, or scavenged on the shelf and shelf break. Our results bring to light important questions on the application of Pu isotopes to establish sediment chronologies, since these radionuclides are shown to be tracers of bioturbation rather than accumulation processes in deep-sea sediments of the GoM, similar to previously reported results from excess 210Pb.
High precision machining of a displacement sensor for helicoidal motions
Authors: ELRAWASHDEH Zeina , REVEL Philippe , PRELLE Christine , LAMARQUE Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research study presents the design and the high precision manufacture procedure of a fiber-optic displacement sensor. It is composed of two fiber-optic probes associated with a structure of a cones’ grating. The sensor is characterized by its ability to measure the linear displacement for an axis performing a helicoidal motion. This motion has been demonstrated on a high precision lathe; where the spindle provided the rotational motion, associated to a translational motion on the linear stage. This allowed to obtain the two simultaneous motions. The displacement of the translational stage is measured by the sensor in real time.Firstly, a highly precise geometric model of the reflector part for the sensor was developed. This model provided a specific geometry for the cones-assembled grating, which has been precisely manufactured. The geometric parameters and the surface characteristics of each step in the fabricated grating were both identified in situ on the lathe. The agreement between simulation and experimental results is excellent. The performances of the fiber-optic displacement sensor were identified in-situ on the lathe. The analysis of the voltage output signals from the two fiber-optic probes is used to measure the grating displacement. The unbalanced rotation due to non-centered axes was also characterized. The sensor provided a micrometric resolution, on a measurement range of more than one centimeter.
Ecological drought and its state assessment: a case study in the Yellow River estuary
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Liu Bojun , Yang Libin , He Liyuan , Cao Xinyi , Shao Guangwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Water cycle has been intensified by global warming, leading to frequent extreme climate events. Drought is an extreme climate phenomenon. Runoff decrease and human water demand increase aggravate the water shortage of regional ecosystems, affecting regional water and land ecosystems and causing ecological drought, river cutoff and water pollution. Finally, the reverse succession and the imbalance of regional ecological structures take place. The clarification of the concept of ecological drought for effective evaluation of regional ecological drought degree has become an urgent important scientific issue to be resolved. Therefore, in this paper, the typical region of the Yellow River estuary was studied for the analysis of characteristics of regional ecological changes and the definition of the concept and connotation of ecological drought. Based on the representative monitoring and early warning indices to ecological drought, the evaluation method and the classification standard of regional ecological drought were proposed. The regional ecological drought includes four levels: I (Severe), II (General), III (Weak) and IV (None). The indicator thresholds of river runoff, biodiversity and vegetation coverage on different ecological drought levels were quantified. The research results can be technically beneficial for the improvement of global ecological drought emergent support capacity and reducing loss due to drought.
Precipitation barycenter and relationship to the spatial distribution of station networks on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China
Authors: Ling Minhua , Han Hongbao , Yu Lili , Tang Shinan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA precipitation barycenter reflects the overall spatial distribution and long-term evolution of regional precipitation. Understanding the changes in precipitation barycenter has significant implications for drought management, flood control, and water resource management. This paper analyzed the distribution and transfer of monthly, interannual, and interdecadal precipitation barycenter on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (‘3H’ Plain). We also discussed the influence of the station network spatial distribution on the changes in precipitation barycenter. The results were as follows: (1) The trajectory of the monthly precipitation barycenter on the ‘3H’ Plain was generally ‘8’-shaped. The rainy and dry season precipitation barycenters were located in the upper and lower parts of the ‘8’-shaped, respectively. (2) In the past 60 years, the interannual precipitation barycenter had a trend of moving southwest, but the trend was not apparent. (3) Station network density and uniformity dominated the changes in precipitation barycenter, showing positive correlations. When the station network density was large and exceeded a certain range, the influence of station network density on the changes in precipitation barycenter decreased.
BDZs, Designer BDZs and Z-drugs: Pharmacology and Misuse Insights
Authors: Zaami Simona , Graziano Silvia , Tittarelli Roberta , Beck Renata , Marinelli Enrico 
Published: September 2021

:
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are a widely prescribed class of sedative-hypnotics compounds for the treatment
of a broad range of conditions as anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, phobias, sleep-related
problems associated with insomnia, and for the management of alcohol and GHB withdrawal. Zolpidem, zopiclone
and zaleplon, commonly known as Z-drugs, are non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs with pharmacology
similar to BDZs. Despite their usefulness, BDZs and Z-drugs present a potential for abuse and dependence.
Moreover, the non-medical use of BDZs is a well-known phenomenon and represents an increasingly widespread
public health problem since it is associated with an elevated risk of serious health consequences or fatal
overdose, especially among specific group of users. The spectrum of BDZs and Z-drugs misuse is extended by
new synthetic BDZs, which may pose high risks to users, since the majority have never undergone clinical
trials or tests and consequently their pharmacology and toxicology are largely unknown.
Spine Infections: The Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG PET) in the Context of the Actual Diagnosis Guideline
Authors: Boriani Luca , Zamparini Eleonora , Albrizio Mauro , Serani Francesca , Ciani Giovanni , Marconi Lorenzo , Vommaro Francesco , Greggi Tiziana , Fanti Stefano , Nanni Cristina 
Published: September 2021

:Spondylodiscitis is an infectious process that requires numerous health care professionals to be clearly diagnosed and eventually successfully treated. It implies a variety of microbiological agents and conditions; during the diagnostic workup, it is difficult to correctly identify them, and the clinician has to rapidly choose the correct treatment to avoid permanent injuries to the patient. In this context, we conducted a review to better understand the most suitable use of Positron Emission Tomography with 18-Fluoro-deossi-glucose (FDG PET) in a patient suspected of spondylodiscitis, based on current guidelines and literature.. We wanted to review the role of FDG PET in the spondylodiscitis diagnosis and follow up in the context of the current guidelines.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control Measures Against it among Dental Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Tahani M. , Alharbi Afrah M. , Khayyat Rafal K. , Aldaadi Jawaher B. , Afifi Ibtesam K. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by an RNA virus named SARS CoV2. The increased risk of infection by this virus among dental students necessitates updated knowledge and highlights their important role in preventing and controlling its transmission.

Objective:
This study aims to assess knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding COVID-19 and infection control measures among dental students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students in different Saudi universities using an online self-administered questionnaire. It gathered data on students’ demographic information, knowledge of COVID-19 and infection control measures, risk perception and attitudes toward the disease, and their preparedness for treating infected patients.

Results:
A total of 327 dental students responded to the questionnaire. Of these students, 92.4% had received training in infection control in dental practice, but only 24.2% had attended training regarding COVID-19. The majority of students had adequate knowledge regarding the modes of transmission and the common symptoms of COVID-19, with statistically significant total mean knowledge scores among students in different academic years (p<0.05). A large percentage of the students (92.7%) agreed that the use of rubber dams or high-volume saliva ejectors could reduce the possibility of transmitting infection. However, 58.4% of the students disagreed that intraoral dental radiographs should be avoided to reduce the possibility of transmitting infection.

Conclusion:
Although knowledge of and risk perception concerning COVID-19 among students is good, additional training sessions integrating recent international guidelines for infection control are required to update their knowledge and achieve safe dental practice.
Residual Dentin Thickness in Bifurcated Maxillary Premolars after Cervical Preflaring Preparation: A CBCT Analysis
Authors: Filho Gilberto Siebert , Guedes Orlando Aguirre , Pereira Thiago Machado , Miranda-Pedro Fabio Luís , Aranha Andreza Maria Fábio , de Oliveira Helder Fernandes , Pécora Jesus Djalma , Borges Álvaro Henrique 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
This study evaluated the residual dentin thickness (RDT) of maxillary premolars after the use of different cervical preflaring (PF) drills by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
Eighty bifurcated maxillary premolars were accessed and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=16). PF was performed with Gates-Glidden #1, #2, and #3 (group 1), Largo #1 and #2 (group 2), and LA Axxess #20/.06 (group 3), #35/.06 (group 4), and #45/.06 (group 5). CBCT images were acquired before (preoperative) and after (postoperative) PF. Initial and final cervical dentin thickness was measured at the buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal aspects, 0.5 mm coronally to the furcation, on both buccal and palatal roots, using CBCT’s image analysis software. The percentage of removed dentin after PF preparation was also calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
No statistically significant differences were found among the groups for preoperative or postoperative RDT (P > 0.05). LA Axxess #20/.06 (group 3) removed significantly less cervical dentin at all root canal aspects on both buccal and palatal roots. The mesial aspect of the buccal root and distal aspect of the palatal root were significantly reduced after the use of LA Axxess #45/.06 (group 5) and Largo #1 and #2 drills (group 2), respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
PF in bifurcated maxillary premolars should be performed with LA Axxess instrument #20/.06. The use of Gates-Glidden #1, #2, and #3, Largo #1 and #2, and LA Axxess #45/.06 drills should be done with caution.
The Application of Pendulum as a Space Regainer in Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Halim Himawan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The process of distalization in orthodontic treatment is often very difficult. The most common method is the use of cervical headgear. However, due to poor patient compliance, it leads to poor treatment outcomes. Treatment alternatives that require minimal compliance include Jones jig, magnets, and pendulum.

Objective:
This study aimed to perform distalization of a maxillary molars on a bilateral Class II molar relationship patient with a crowded maxillary arch.

Case Report:
A 10-year-old female with a Class II molar relationship, bilateral posterior crossbite, and nonerupted upper canines was treated with a rapid palatal expander (RPE), pendulum appliance, and fixed appliance. The crowding in the maxillary arch and spacing in the mandibular arch were eliminated, and transverse discrepancies were corrected.

Conclusion:
Pendulum appliance is very effective in creating spaces for the eruption of canines and ectopic premolars. Pendulum appliances have been introduced for a long time and have proven successful for molar distalization and space regainer and require minimal patient cooperation. Like other distalization appliances, distal tipping of the molars and mesial movement of the premolars could be observed.
Career guidance conceptualization to improve career adaptability for generation z
Authors: Nadya Aisha , Farozin Muh 
Published: September 2021

Generation Z will control 20% of the workplace. Every generation has a different approach to work and the workplace. Z generation needs to have career adaptability to anticipate problems such as worries about not getting a job and a lack of understanding about the desired field of work. The research aims to explore and create a solid theoretical foundation for designing a career guidance model to increase the adaptability of Generation Z’s career. The research uses library research methods sourced from books and literature on 1) career adaptability, 2) understanding generation Z, 3) counselling guidance models in the revolutionary era 4.0. The comparison between Generation Z characteristics and the dimensions of career adaptability, the primary need of Generation Z is career control. Career guidance services for Generation Z can be in the form of 1) coaching, 2) workshops, 3) inspirational content through social media, 4) internship programs.
Level of Academic Stress for Students of Guidance and Counseling at Semarang State University during the Pandemic
Authors: Octasya Tivanny , Munawaroh Eem 
Published: September 2021

Academic stress is a subjective perception of an academic condition or a response experienced by students in the form of negative physical reactions, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that arise due to school or academic demands. During a pandemic Covid 19 most of earning activities becomes online. The aim of this research is to determine the level of academic stress among students in Guidance and Counseling Department, Semarang State University during the pandemic. The method used is descriptive qualitative research. This research conducted interviews to collect data by using purposive sampling. The results show that students experience symptoms of academic stress symptoms that affect their physical, emotional, behavioral, and thoughts as well as several factors that influence academic stress both in themselves (internally) and in the environment and circumstances (externally). The conclusion of this study is the respondents' stress level is quite high or increases when they get assignments from the lecturers.
Promoting students’ tolerance awareness in the context of peace education through Wayang Golek
Authors: Harjianto Feri Henri , Handarini Dany Moenindyah , Setiyowati Arbin Janu 
Published: September 2021

Tolerance awareness is one of important aspect to realizing peace education that train students to avoid of using violence. This study aims to represent the results of the tolerance awareness training guide using “wayang golek” as a media to realize peace education by using indigenous heritage that has been tested for acceptability standards. Research and development model used in this study which has been modified according to the needs and deficiency of researchers in the field, so that it consists of six stages: preliminary study, planning, product making, product testing, product revision, and final product. The assessment that used in this study was adjusted to "Standards for Evaluation of Educational Programs, Projects, and Materials by the joint committee" which involves two experts in the field of guidance and counseling as well as practitioners in the field. The result shows that the guide of tolerance awareness training using “wayang golek” as a media fulfilling the acceptability standards. Recommendation for further researchers to test the effectiveness of the product using experimental method.
A Deep Learning Approach to Refine the Identification of High-Quality Clinical Research Articles From the Biomedical Literature: Protocol for Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Abdelkader Wael , Navarro Tamara , Parrish Rick , Cotoi Chris , Germini Federico , Linkins Lori-Ann , Iorio Alfonso , Haynes R Brian , Ananiadou Sophia , Chu Lingyang , Lokker Cynthia 
Published: September 2021

Background
A barrier to practicing evidence-based medicine is the rapidly increasing body of biomedical literature. Use of method terms to limit the search can help reduce the burden of screening articles for clinical relevance; however, such terms are limited by their partial dependence on indexing terms and usually produce low precision, especially when high sensitivity is required. Machine learning has been applied to the identification of high-quality literature with the potential to achieve high precision without sacrificing sensitivity. The use of artificial intelligence has shown promise to improve the efficiency of identifying sound evidence.

Objective
The primary objective of this research is to derive and validate deep learning machine models using iterations of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to retrieve high-quality, high-relevance evidence for clinical consideration from the biomedical literature.

Methods
Using the HuggingFace Transformers library, we will experiment with variations of BERT models, including BERT, BioBERT, BlueBERT, and PubMedBERT, to determine which have the best performance in article identification based on quality criteria. Our experiments will utilize a large data set of over 150,000 PubMed citations from 2012 to 2020 that have been manually labeled based on their methodological rigor for clinical use. We will evaluate and report on the performance of the classifiers in categorizing articles based on their likelihood of meeting quality criteria. We will report fine-tuning hyperparameters for each model, as well as their performance metrics, including recall (sensitivity), specificity, precision, accuracy, F-score, the number of articles that need to be read before finding one that is positive (meets criteria), and classification probability scores.

Results
Initial model development is underway, with further development planned for early 2022. Performance testing is expected to star in February 2022. Results will be published in 2022.

Conclusions
The experiments will aim to improve the precision of retrieving high-quality articles by applying a machine learning classifier to PubMed searching.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/29398