bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method on stability of time‐delay systems
Authors: Sheng Zhaoliang , Lin Chong , Chen Bing , Wang Qing‐Guo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method for investigating the asymptotic stability of time‐delay systems. Two resulting delay‐dependent asymptotic stability conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities are given. The advantages of the new approaches are verified theoretically and numerically.
Production and Applications of Amylose‐Lipid Complexes as Resistant Starch: Recent Approaches
Authors: Li Liang , Liu Zhendong , Zhang Wenhui , Xue Bei , Luo Zhang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStarches are glucose storage compounds in plants and are made up of relatively linear amylose and the heavily branched amylopectin. Starch can be classified into three categories, namely Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), and Resistant Starch (RS). Amylose‐lipid complex (ALC) is a recent addition to the RS category as RS type 5 (RS‐5) due to its resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic resistance of ALC depends on the lipid's molecular structure and the crystalline morphology of the helices. Naturally, present lipids in high amylase‐containing raw plant‐based foods or added lipids can form the ALC during gelatinization or other processing steps. Thermal stability and ease of production with numerous health benefits makes it suitable for research and industrial application. This review focuses on the recent developments in structural characteristics, production methodologies of RS‐5, and its application in food and medical industries. This review will provide a comprehensive overview to the readers about the production and current research development in RS‐5 and will helpful to distil this information to design desired future research studies on RS‐5.
Predicting the compressive strength of self‐compacting concrete containing Class F fly ash using metaheuristic radial basis function neural network
Authors: Pazouki Gholamreza , Golafshani Emadaldin Mohammadi , Behnood Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of Class F fly ash (CFFA) as a partial replacement of cement in the concrete mixture can provide a wide variety benefits such as improving the mechanical properties, reducing the construction costs, and enhancing the environmental conditions. Compressive strength as one of the most critical mechanical parameters used in many design codes can be obtained either through costly and time‐consuming experiments or non‐destructive methods such as predictive models. In this study, a hybrid model of the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and firefly optimization algorithm (FOA) (RBFNN + FOA) was proposed for the prediction of the compressive strength of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) containing CFFA. For this purpose, a multi‐laboratory dataset containing 327 SCC samples made with CFFA was employed. The input parameters in the proposed models included the age of the specimen and the amounts of cement, water, CFFA, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and superplasticizer, and the only output parameter was the compressive strength of SCC. For comparison purpose, the artificial neural network (ANN) was also used to model the compressive strength of SCC containing CFFA. The results show that the compressive strength estimated by the proposed and ANN models have good accuracies compared to the experimental results. Moreover, several performance metrics showed that the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of the model developed based on ANN algorithm.
Iron‐Silicate Chemical Garden Morphology and Silicate Reactivity with Alpha‐Keto Acids
Authors: Weber Jessica M. , Barge Laura M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemical gardens, which are self‐organizing, abiotic, inorganic precipitates in far‐from‐equilibrium systems, are of interest for prebiotic chemistry/origin of life research and, under certain reaction systems, can be considered hydrothermal vent analogs. While the presence of different additives to chemical gardens, including phosphate and amino acids, have been explored, the reactivity of organic molecules in chemical garden systems is not well understood. Here we explored the reactivity of two metabolically important alpha‐keto acids (pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid) and ammonia in the presence of iron‐silicate chemical gardens. While reactivity was not observed in the case of pyruvic acid, we found that glyoxylic acid formed alpha‐hydroxy acids and amino acids. We found that the observed organic reactivity can be attributed to the silicate in the exterior solution as opposed to the solid iron‐containing chemical garden structure. These results have implications for the reactivity of hydrothermal vent chimneys and their surrounding environments in iron‐ and silica‐rich systems.
Single Encoding Diffusion MRI: A Probe to Brain Anisotropy
Authors: Jallais Maëliss , Wassermann Demian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter covers anisotropy in the context of probing microstructure of the human brain using single encoded diffusion MRI. We will start by illustrating how diffusion MRI is a perfectly adapted technique to measure anisotropy in the human brain using water motion, followed by a biological presentation of human brain. The non-invasive imaging technique based on water motions known as diffusion MRI will be further presented, along with the difficulties that come with it. Within this context, we will first review and discuss methods based on signal representation that enable us to get an insight into microstructure anisotropy. We will then outline methods based on modeling, which are state-of-the-art methods to get parameter estimations of the human brain tissue.
Conceptual Parallels Between Stochastic Geometry and Diffusion-Weighted MRI
Authors: Dela Haije Tom , Feragen Aasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to ensemble-averaged molecular displacements, which provide valuable information on e.g. structural anisotropy in brain tissue. However, a concrete interpretation of diffusion-weighted MRI data in terms of physiological or structural parameters turns out to be extremely challenging. One of the main reasons for this is the multi-scale nature of the diffusion-weighted signal, as it is sensitive to the microscopic motion of particles averaged over macroscopic volumes. In order to analyze the geometrical patterns that occur in (diffusion-weighted measurements of) biological tissue and many other structures, we may invoke tools from the field of stochastic geometry. Stochastic geometry describes statistical methods and models that apply to random geometrical patterns of which we may only know the distribution. Despite its many uses in geology, astronomy, telecommunications, etc., its application in diffusion-weighted MRI has so far remained limited. In this work we review some fundamental results in the field of diffusion-weighted MRI from a stochastic geometrical perspective, and discuss briefly for which other questions stochastic geometry may prove useful. The observations presented in this paper are partly inspired by the Workshop on Diffusion MRI and Stochastic Geometry held at Sandbjerg Estate (Denmark) in 2019, which aimed to foster communication and collaboration between the two fields of research.
Eddies and Entanglements: Africa and the Global Mnemoscape
Authors: van Der Rede Lauren , Erasmus Aidan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVan Der Rede and Erasmus provocatively characterize Africa as a “disobedient object” of memory studies, posing a series of radical challenges to the terms and methods of the field. In empirical terms, they point out how two specific cases, the Red Terror in Ethiopia and States of Emergency during Apartheid in South Africa, inflect our Europe-centered models of trauma and memory. Beyond this, positing Africa “not as a cartographic and geological location but as a concept and methodology,” van Der Rede and Erasmus challenge the liberal universalism implicit in the problematics of memory studies (and indeed in the notion of mnemonic solidarity) with an insistence on hearing/listening rather than speaking that draws on postcolonial theory and the new methods of sound studies.
Exploring Novel Surface Representations via an Experimental Ray-Tracer in CGA
Authors: Hadfield Hugo , Achawal Sushant , Lasenby Joan , Lasenby Anthony , Young Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConformal Geometric Algebra (CGA) provides a unified representation of both geometric primitives and conformal transformations, and as such holds significant promise in the field of computer graphics. In this paper we implement a simple ray tracer in CGA with a Blinn–Phong lighting model, before putting it to use to examine ray intersections with surfaces generated from the direct interpolation of geometric primitives. General surfaces formed from these interpolations are rendered using analytic normals. In addition, special cases of point-pair interpolation, which might find use in graphics applications, are described and rendered. A closed form expression is found for the derivative of the square root of a scalar plus 4-vector element with respect to a scalar parameter. This square root derivative is used to construct an expression for the derivative of a pure-grade multivector projected to the blade manifold. The blade manifold projection provides an analytical method for finding the normal line to the interpolated surfaces and its use is shown in lighting calculations for the ray tracer and in generating vertex normals for exporting the evolved surfaces as polygonal meshes.
A longitudinal study on the COVID-19 pandemic and its divergent effects on social participation and mental health across different study groups with and without mental disorders
Authors: Mergel Eduard , Schützwohl Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
With the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the restrictions imposed in many parts of the world, there is growing concern about its impact on mental health. This longitudinal study investigated the social participation, social inclusion and psychological well-being in adults with and without mental disorders before the beginning of the pandemic, as well as during and after strict lockdown restrictions in Germany.

Methods
The sample (n = 106) consisted of three groups: participants with a chronic mental disorder, with an acute mental disorder, and without a mental disorder at the time of the initial survey. Parameters of interest were assessed using the Measure of Participation and Social Inclusion for Use in People with a Chronic Mental Disorder (F-INK), the Index for the Assessment of Health Impairments (IMET) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18).

Results
The perceived impairments in social participation and the associated changes in behaviour varied depending on the presence of a mental disorder at the time of the initial survey and were largely temporary, i.e. limited to the period of strict lockdown restrictions. We found no further detrimental effects on mental health 4 weeks after lockdown or later, when a policy of physical distancing was in place.

Conclusion
Overall, our findings suggest a general resilience to the official restrictions and measures as well as the pandemic itself. However, further efforts are needed to improve the situation of people with chronic mental disorders and their limited opportunities for social participation.
Evolution of frustrated and stabilising contacts in reconstructed ancient proteins
Authors: Crippa Martina , Andreghetti Damiano , Capelli Riccardo , Tiana Guido 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnergetic properties of a protein are a major determinant of its evolutionary fitness. Using a reconstruction algorithm, dating the reconstructed proteins and calculating the interaction network between their amino acids through a coevolutionary approach, we studied how the interactions that stabilise 890 proteins, belonging to five families, evolved for billions of years. In particular, we focused our attention on the network of most strongly attractive contacts and on that of poorly optimised, frustrated contacts. Our results support the idea that the cluster of most attractive interactions extends its size along evolutionary time, but from the data, we cannot conclude that protein stability or that the degree of frustration tends always to decrease.
Gender‐Based Microaggressions in Surgery: A Scoping Review of the Global Literature
Authors: Sprow Holly N. , Hansen Nathaniel F. , Loeb Hannah E. , Wight Caroline L. , Patterson Rolvix H. , Vervoort Dominique , Kim Eliana E. , Greving Raphael , Mazhiqi Adelina , Wall Kathryn , Corley Jacquelyn , Anderson Emily , Chu Kathryn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to systemic gender disparities, women in surgery encounter interpersonal microaggressions. The objective of this study is to describe the most common forms of microaggressions reported by women in surgery.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, and Web of Science to describe the international, indexed English‐language literature on gender‐based microaggressions experienced by female surgeons, surgical trainees, and medical students in surgery. After screening by title, abstract, and full‐text, 37 articles were retained for data extraction and analysis. Microaggressions were analyzed using the Sexist Microaggression Experience and Stress Scale (MESS) framework and stratified by country of origin.ResultsGender‐based microaggression publications most commonly originated from the United States (n = 27 articles), Canada (n = 3), and India (n = 2). Gender‐based microaggressions were classified into environmental invalidations (n = 20), being treated like a second‐class citizen (n = 18), assumptions of traditional gender roles (n = 12), sexual objectification (n = 11), assumptions of inferiority (n = 10), being forced to leave gender at the door (n = 8), and experiencing sexist language (n = 6). Additionally, attendings were more frequently reported to experience microaggressions than surgical trainees and medical students, but more articles reported data on attendings (n = 16) than surgical trainees (n = 10) or students (n = 4).ConclusionWhile recent advancements have opened the field of surgery to women, there is still a lack of female representation, and persistent microaggressions may perpetuate this gender disparity. Addressing microaggressions against female surgeons is essential to achieving gender equity in surgical practice.
Impact of supine versus upright exercise on muscle deoxygenation heterogeneity during ramp incremental cycling is site specific
Authors: Goulding Richie P. , Okushima Dai , Fukuoka Yoshiyuki , Marwood Simon , Kondo Narihiko , Poole David C. , Barstow Thomas J. , Koga Shunsaku 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that incremental ramp cycling exercise performed in the supine position (S) would be associated with an increased reliance on muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) in the deep and superficial vastus lateralis (VLd and VLs, respectively) and the superficial rectus femoris (RFs) when compared to the upright position (U).

Methods
11 healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in S and U. Pulmonary $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2 was measured breath-by-breath; deoxy[heme] was determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy in the VLd, VLs and RFs.

Results
Supine exercise increased the overall change in deoxy[heme] from baseline to maximal exercise in the VLs (S: 38 ± 23 vs. U: 26 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001) and RFs (S: 36 ± 21 vs. U: 25 ± 15 μM, P < 0.001), but not in the VLd (S: 32 ± 23 vs. U: 29 ± 26 μM, P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The present study supports that the impaired balance between O2 delivery and O2 utilization observed during supine exercise is a regional phenomenon within superficial muscles. Thus, deep muscle defended its O2 delivery/utilization balance against the supine-induced reductions in perfusion pressure. The differential responses of these muscle regions may be explained by a regional heterogeneity of vascular and metabolic control properties, perhaps related to fiber type composition.
Socioeconomic disparities in head and neck cancer survival in Germany: a causal mediation analysis using population-based cancer registry data
Authors: Bedir Ahmed , Abera Semaw Ferede , Efremov Ljupcho , Hassan Lamiaa , Vordermark Dirk , Medenwald Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite recent improvements in cancer treatment in Germany, a marked difference in cancer survival based on socioeconomic factors persists. We aim to quantify the effect of socioeconomic inequality on head and neck cancer (HNC) survival.

Methods
Information on 20,821 HNC patients diagnosed in 2009–2013 was routinely collected by German population-based cancer registries. Socioeconomic inequality was defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation. The Cox proportional regression and relative survival analysis measured the survival disparity according to level of socioeconomic deprivation with respective confidence intervals (CI). A causal mediation analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of socioeconomic deprivation mediated through medical care, stage at diagnosis, and treatment on HNC survival.

Results
The most socioeconomically deprived patients were found to have the highest hazard of dying when compared to the most affluent (Hazard Ratio: 1.25, 95% CI 1.17–1.34). The most deprived patients also had the worst 5-year age-adjusted relative survival (50.8%, 95% CI 48.5–53.0). Our mediation analysis showed that most of the effect of deprivation on survival was mediated through differential stage at diagnosis during the first 6 months after HNC diagnosis. As follow-up time increased, medical care, stage at diagnosis, and treatment played no role in mediating the effect of deprivation on survival.

Conclusion
This study confirms the survival disparity between affluent and deprived HNC patients in Germany. Considering data limitations, our results suggest that, within six months after HNC diagnosis, the elimination of differences in stage at diagnosis could reduce survival inequalities.
A national database propensity score-matched comparison of minimally invasive and open colectomy for long-term opioid use
Authors: Bastawrous Amir L. , Brockhaus Kara K. , Chang Melissa I. , Milky Gediwon , Shih I.-Fan , Li Yanli , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Opioid dependence is a public health crisis and surgery is a risk factor for long-term opioid use. Though minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with less perioperative pain, demonstrating an association with less long-term opioid use would be another reason to justify adoption of minimally invasive techniques. We compared the rates for long-term opioid prescriptions among patients in a large national database who underwent minimally invasive and open colectomy.

Methods
Using the MarketScan Database, we retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing colon resection for benign and malignant diseases between 2013 and 2017. Among opioid-naïve patients who had ≥ 1 opioid prescriptions filled perioperatively (30 days before surgery to 14 days after discharge), propensity score matching was applied for group comparisons [open (OS) versus MIS, and laparoscopic (LS) versus robotic-assisted surgery (RS)]. The primary outcome was long-term opioid use defined as the proportion of patients with ≥ 1 long-term opioid prescriptions filled 90–180 days after discharge. Risks factors for long-term opioid use were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
Among the 5413 matched pairs in the MIS versus OS cohorts, MIS significantly reduced long-term opioid use of ‘any opioids’ (13.3% vs. 20.9%), schedule II/III opioids (11.7% vs. 19.2%), and high-dose opioids (4.3% vs. 7.7%; all p < 0.001). Among the 1195 matched pairs in the RS versus LS cohorts, RS was associated with less high-dose opioids (2.1% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.015) 90–180 days after discharge. Other risk factors for long-term opioid use included younger age, benign indications, tobacco use, mental health conditions, and > 6 Charlson comorbidities.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive colectomy is associated with a significant reduction in long-term opioid use when compared to OS. Robotic-assisted colectomy was associated with less high-dose opioids compared to LS. Increasing adoption of minimally invasive surgery for colectomy and including RS, where appropriate, may decrease long-term opioid use.
Molecular evolution of dengue virus types 1 and 4 in Korean travelers
Authors: Hwang Eun-Ha , Kim Green , Chung Hoyin , Oh Hanseul , Park Jong-Hwan , Hur Gyeung Haeng , Hong JungJoo , Koo Bon-Sang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDengue virus (DV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is endemic to many tropical and subtropical areas. Recently, the annual incidence of DV infection has increased worldwide, including in Korea, due to global warming and increased global travel. We therefore sought to characterize the molecular and evolutionary features of DV-1 and DV-4 isolated from Korean overseas travelers. We used phylogenetic analysis based on the full coding region to classify isolates of DV-1 in Korea into genotype I (43251, KP406802), genotype IV (KP406803), and genotype V (KP406801). In addition, we found that strains of DV-4 belonged to genotype I (KP406806) and genotype II (43257). Evidence of positive selection in DV-1 strains was identified in the C, prM, NS2A, and NS5 proteins, whereas DV-4 showed positive selection only in the non-structural proteins NS2A, NS3, and NS5. The substitution rates per site per year were 5.58 × 10-4and 6.72 × 10-4for DV-1 and DV-4, respectively, and the time of the most recent common ancestor was determined using the Bayesian skyline coalescent method. In this study, the molecular, phylogenetic, and evolutionary characteristics of Korean DV-1 and DV-4 isolates were evaluated for the first time.
Wahrgenommene Umsetzung des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes bei landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben in Nordwestdeutschland
Authors: Thiel Lukas , Mergenthaler Marcus , Haberlah-Korr Verena 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie acht allgemeinen Grundsätze des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes (IPS) sind als über die Kulturarten allgemeingültiger Leitfaden zur Umsetzung des IPS auf den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben gedacht. Sie greifen vorbeugende und aktiv eingreifende Methoden zur Verminderung des Schädlingsdrucks an den Kulturpflanzen auf und zeichnen ein derzeitiges Idealbild des Pflanzenschutzes. Eine Betrachtung der Umsetzung in Deutschland hat bisher nicht stattgefunden und soll in dieser Studie exemplarisch für den nordwestdeutschen Raum erfolgen. Zugrunde liegen Daten einer Befragung durch die FH Südwestfalen aus dem Herbst 2019. Es zeigt sich, dass insbesondere Erfolgskontrollen, zielartenspezifischer Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatz und Strategien der Resistenzvermeidung auf den Betrieben genannt werden. Feldkontrollen vor Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen sowie der Einsatz nicht-chemischer Methoden gerade in der Beikrautregulierung werden hingegen noch nicht als umfangreich praktiziert angegeben. Gerade im Bereich der vorbeugenden Methoden und dem Einsatz von Schadschwellen fehlen standortspezifische, praxistaugliche Handreichungen. Dieses Fehlen hindert eine weitere Umsetzung der acht allgemeinen Grundsätze des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes. Es sind weiterhin regionalspezifische Forschungen und Tests notwendig, um diese Lücke zu schließen.