bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional soil recovery during the restoration of Brazil's Atlantic Forest after bauxite mining
Authors: Bizuti Denise T. G. , Robin Agnès , Soares Thaís M. , Moreno¹ Vanessa S. , Almeida Danilo R. A. , Andreote Fernando D. , Casagrande José Carlos , Guillemot Joannès , Herrmann Laetitia , van Melis Juliano , Perim Júlia E. L. , de Medeiros Simone D. S. , Sorrini Taísi B. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Ecosystem restoration is a global priority, currently promoted by several ambitious commitments. Most of the research to guide restoration practices was so far put on the recovery of above‐ground functions and services, although soil health is increasingly recognized as a fundamental condition to restoration success. Soil restoration is particularly needed in mining areas, in which the surface soil layers are removed and the left over, highly deprived substrate does not support vegetation recovery.

Here, we evaluated the potential of active restoration to recover soil attributes after bauxite mining in the Brazil's Atlantic Forest. We specifically studied how physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes down to 40 cm depth respond to restoration (i.e. topsoil spreading and tree planting) by comparing newly mined areas, areas undergoing restoration for ~7 years and conserved forests. We further explored the associations between microbiological and physico‐chemical soil attributes.

Restoration interventions resulted in a 10‐fold increase in the soil organic matter content compared to mined areas, as well as in the recovery of P content. Restoration was also shown to be associated with the recovery of the activity and diversity of soil bacterial communities, reaching similar levels to those observed in conserved forest. Restored and conserved forests were characterized by a higher proportion of Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. All bacterial attributes were correlated with soil physical attributes, except for microporosity, and with organic matter and cation exchange capacity.

Within a few years, restoration allowed recovering crucial physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes, reaching levels comparable to those found in conserved forests.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that intensive management can result in the fast restoration of tropical forest soils after mining, at least at small scales. Our results stress the need to consider soil recovery both as a driver and a measure of ecosystem restoration success, and support the development of more holistic monitoring protocols to be used during the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
THE ZOONOTIC CITY: Urban Political Ecology and the Pandemic Imaginary
Authors: Gandy Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic this article takes a longer view of the evolving relationship between urbanization and the range of zoonotic diseases that have spread from animals to humans. I suggest that the existing interpretation of epidemiological transitions remains overly Eurocentric and requires a more nuanced conception of global environmental history. Similarly, the conceptualization of urban space within these teleological schemas has relied on a narrow range of examples and has failed to fully engage with networked dimensions to urbanization. At an analytical level I consider the potential for extending the conceptual framework offered by urban political ecology to take greater account of the epidemiological dimensions to contemporary urbanization and its associated pandemic imaginary. I examine how contemporary health threats intersect with complex patterns of environmental change, including the destruction of biodiversity (and trade in live animals), the co‐evolutionary dynamics of viruses and other pathogens, and wider dimensions to the global technosphere, including food production, infrastructure networks, and the shifting topographies of peri‐ or ex‐urban contact zones.
The current situation and the cultural background of psychological type theory in China
Authors: Cai Chenghou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs analytical psychology in China develops, especially with the China Society for Analytical Psychology approved for membership in the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), many Chinese, who are already familiar with MBTI®‐based personality testing in corporations, are interested in learning more about Jungian theory and practice with regard to psychological types. The author, a Chinese psychologist, emphasizes current problems standing in the way of this development, such as the common opinion that MBTI is equal to psychological types. He reports his recent research that highlights the present understanding of psychological types within China. Noting that Jung combined two attitudes with four functions to form eight function‐attitudes of consciousness, the author explores the possible connection between Jung’s eightfold system and the eight trigrams that organize the wisdom that the I Ching brings to emergent situations requiring exceptionally conscious decision‐making. He compares I Ching translator Richard Wilhelm’s naming and description of these eight Gua with Jungian analyst John Beebe’s descriptions of the eight function‐attitudes and finds striking parallels. This amplification sheds light on the archetypal nature of psychological consciousness as well upon the typology of it that Jung advanced.
Type development in childhood and beyond
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual’s control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities.
Effect of senna glycoside on serum potassium levels among patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nata Naowanit , Bunpeth Wasin , Tasanavipas Pamila , Varothai Narittaya , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Satirapoj Bancha 
Published: December 2021

ABTRACTBackgroundHyperkalemia is common among end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and consequently contributes to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Senna glycoside may decrease colonic transit time and potassium colonic reabsorption.MethodsPatients on hemodialysis were randomized to receive either oral senna glycoside (n = 37) or control (n = 36) for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were predialysis serum potassium and prevalence of hyperkalemia.ResultsAt the end of the study, significantly reduced serum potassium concentrations were observed in the senna glycoside compared with the control (−0.32 [95%CI −0.43, −0.04] vs. −0.02 [95%CI −0.12, 0.05] mEq/L, p < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of hyperkalemia during the study occurred at 13.8% in the control and 5.4% in the senna glycoside (p = 0.309). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionAmong patients with ESRD on hemodialysis, senna glycoside significantly decreases serum potassium level. Senna glycoside is a safe and possibly effective alternative treatment for hyperkalemia in ESRD.
Implementing the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations for a path forward
Authors: Sanders Lisa M. , Allen Jonathan C. , Blankenship Jeanne , Decker Eric A. , Christ‐Erwin Mary , Hentges Eric J. , Jones Julie M. , Mohamedshah Farida Y. , Ohlhorst Sarah D. , Ruff John , Wegner Jill 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide science‐based recommendations for healthy dietary patterns to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Yet, since their inception in 1980 and updates every 5 years, Americans fall short of meeting dietary recommendations and diet‐related chronic diseases continue to be a public health concern. In May of 2021, the Institute of Food Technologists and the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, convened a diverse group of thought leaders in health, nutrition, and food science to identify opportunities and approaches to improve consumer adoption of the DGA recommendations. The invited leaders collaborated in roundtable discussions to develop recommendations and strategies to promote adoption of the DGA recommendations after hearing sessions on the latest consumer trends, advances in food science and technology, and effective communications approaches. Participants agreed that changes in consumer behaviors and heightened interest in health due to the novel coronavirus pandemic have created an opportune time to engage consumers about healthy eating. Communications must be simple, tailored to the consumer, and delivered by influencer(s)/spokesperson(s) who are credible sources and share personal values. Innovations in food science and technology have enabled improvements in the safety, health, acceptability, affordability, and availability of foods but opportunities to provide more options to enhance consumption of desired food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, remain. Moving Americans toward healthier dietary patterns aligned with DGA recommendations will require collaborations within the food sector and beyond to achieve broad scale amplification and investment.
Empirical properties of diversion ratios
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Mortimer Julie Holland 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diversion ratio for products and is the fraction of consumers who leave product after a price increase and switch to product . Theoretically, it is expressed as the ratio of demand derivatives from a multi‐product firm's Bertrand‐Nash first‐order condition. In practice, diversion ratios are also measured from second‐choice data or customer‐switching surveys. We establish a LATE interpretation of diversion ratios, and show how diversion ratios are obtained from different interventions (price, quality, or assortment changes) and how those measures relate to one another and to underlying properties of demand.
Antibiotic oral provocation challenge in children
Authors: Guðnadóttir Gyða Katrín , Jónasson Gunnar , Clausen Michael , Sørensen Tonie Gertin , Kristjánsson Sigurður 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe main objective of this study was to see how many of the children, with a suspected antibiotic allergy, developed an allergic or adverse reaction to a drug provocation test.MethodsData on children that had undergone a drug provocation test for a suspected antibiotic allergy were compiled retrospectively for the period from 2007–2018. The median age at the first provocation was 2.25 years (1.5–5.7). Standardised questionnaires, the children's parents had answered before the provocation, were used to evaluate the originally suspected allergic reaction, previous health, atopic diseases and family history.ResultsNinety‐two (6.4%) of the 1440 children showed a possible mild allergic reaction. Sixty‐four of the 92 children underwent a second drug provocation test 1–2 years later. At that time, only eleven developed a positive‐ or a possible‐delayed reaction.ConclusionAn immediate moderate or severe allergic reaction was excluded in all cases of suspected antibiotic allergy in this study. Our study indicates that an oral drug provocation test is safe. It may be appropriate to wait for 6 months or more after the initial event of ADR before these tests are performed. A second oral provocation 1–2 years after the first one shows that ADRs are outgrown in most children.
Frustration in technology‐rich learning environments: A scale for assessing student frustration with e‐textbooks
Authors: Novak Elena , McDaniel Kerrie , Daday Jerry , Soyturk Ilker 
Published: December 2021

Abstracte‐Textbooks and e‐learning technologies have become ubiquitous in college and university courses as faculty seek out ways to provide more engaging, flexible and customizable learning opportunities for students. However, the same technologies that support learning can serve as a source of frustration. Research on frustration with technology is limited, especially in educational settings. This study examined student frustration with e‐textbooks and the factors contributing to the frustration within undergraduate general biology courses through the development of an E‐Text Frustration scale (ETFS). Exploratory factor analysis of the ETFS revealed a three‐factor structure that provides quantified support for frustration with (1) e‐textbook interactions on the screen, (2) problems with technology and (3) e‐text curriculum integration. This structure was supported by a confirmatory factor analysis. The construct validity of the scale was established using a correlation analysis that revealed significant relationships among the three e‐text frustration measures, cognitive load and motivation variables. Furthermore, the measurement invariance analyses indicated that the scale measures the same construct in the same way in males and females. Overall, the study findings suggest that the ETFS is a useful instrument with high reliability and validity evidence that can be used by researchers and practitioners. Implications for future research on frustration in technology‐rich learning environments are discussed.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicProlonged student frustration can be harmful to learning.Educational technology may introduce an additional layer of factors that contribute to end‐user frustration with technology.Research on frustration with educational technology is scarce.What this paper addsWe developed and validated a scale for assessing students' frustration with e‐textbooks.TheE‐Text Frustrationscale includes three factors: frustration with technology, e‐text screen interactions and e‐text curriculum.The three factors correlated with students' e‐text cognitive load and motivation to learn.Implications for practice and/or policyThe identified factors represent barriers to students' successful learning with e‐textbooks.Educators can reduce student frustration by aligning the curriculum with e‐text materials.Student sources of frustration with technology should be studied systematically to reduce frustration in technology‐rich learning environments.
Cross‐modal impression updating: Dynamic impression updating from face to voice and the other way around
Authors: Masi Matteo , Mattavelli Simone , Fasoli Fabio , Brambilla Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch has shown that faces and voices shape impression formation. Most studies have examined either the impact of faces and voices in isolation or the relative contribution of each source when presented simultaneously. However, only a few studies have questioned whether and how impressions formed via one source can be updated due to incremental information gathered from the alternative source. Yet, cross‐modal impression updating is key to shed light on person perception. Thus, we tested whether positive and negative face‐ and voice‐based impressions could be updated by inconsistent cross‐modal information. In Experiment 1 (N = 130), we tested whether face‐based impressions could be updated by (in)consistent voices. In Experiment 2 (N = 262), we compared face‐to‐voice and voice‐to‐face impression updating. In Experiment 3 (N = 242), we favoured a more direct comparison of the two types of stimuli (i.e., the co‐occurrence of both cue types when the new information is revealed). Results showed that voices have the greatest updating impact and that the updating effect of faces was halved when voices co‐occurred for a second time. We discussed these results as evidence of the dynamical evolution of cross‐modal impressions.
A carvedilol analogue, VK‐II‐86, prevents hypokalaemia‐induced ventricular arrhythmia through novel multi‐channel effects
Authors: Robinson Victoria M. , Alsalahat Izzeddin , Freeman Sally , Antzelevitch Charles , Barajas‐Martinez Héctor , Venetucci Luigi 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeQT prolongation and intracellular Ca2+ loading with diastolic Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors (RyR2) are the predominant mechanisms underlying hypokalaemia‐induced ventricular arrhythmia. We investigated the antiarrhythmic actions of two RyR2 inhibitors: dantrolene and VK‐II‐86, a carvedilol analogue lacking antagonist activity at β‐adrenoceptors, in hypokalaemia.Experimental ApproachSurface ECG and ventricular action potentials (APs) were recorded from whole‐heart murine Langendorff preparations. Ventricular arrhythmia incidence was compared in hearts perfused with low [K+], and those pretreated with dantrolene or VK‐II‐86. Whole‐cell patch clamping was used in murine and canine ventricular cardiomyocytes to study effects of dantrolene and VK‐II‐86 on AP parameters in low [K+] and effects of VK‐II‐86 on the inward rectifier current (IK1), late sodium current (INa_L) and the L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa). Effects of VK‐II‐86 on IKr were investigated in transfected HEK‐293 cells. A fluorogenic probe quantified the effects of VK‐II‐86 on oxidative stress in hypokalaemia.Key ResultsDantrolene reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by low [K+] in explanted murine hearts by 94%, whereas VK‐II‐86 prevented all arrhythmias. VK‐II‐86 prevented hypokalaemia‐induced AP prolongation and depolarization but did not alter AP parameters in normokalaemia. Hypokalaemia was associated with decreased IK1 and IKr, and increased INa‐L, and ICa. VK‐II‐86 prevented all hypokalaemia‐induced changes in ion channel activity and oxidative stress.Conclusions and ImplicationsVK‐II‐86 prevents hypokalaemia‐induced arrhythmogenesis by normalizing calcium homeostasis and repolarization reserve. VK‐II‐86 may provide an effective treatment in hypokalaemia and other arrhythmias caused by delayed repolarization or Ca2+ overload.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors
Authors: Ding Lei , Zhang Qing , Zhao Kuantao , Jiao Xiaoyu , Zhou Ying , Fan Weizheng , Tang Chunlei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is widely expressed and often mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which makes it an important target for the treatment of AML. The structure‐based synthesis and biological evaluation of 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors have been studied in this paper. III‐1a, III‐1c, III‐2a, III‐2c, and III‐4a displayed comparable inhibitory potency against FLT3‐ITD and showed remarkable antiproliferative activities against MV4‐11.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 2′‐deoxy‐6′‐substituted carbocyclic nucleosides
Authors: Xue Haitao , Guo Shuang , Hu Tianwen , Wei Daibao , Xie Yuanchao , Shen Jingshan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of 2′‐deoxy carbocyclic nucleosides characterized by various 6′‐substitutions were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities against three viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and influenza virus. The in vitro antiviral assays indicated that these nucleosides only showed inhibitory activities against HBV, and the substituted groups at the 6′ position significantly affected the activity. Among them, the guanosine analog 2b bearing a 6′‐α‐hydroxyl methyl group was the most potent compound with an EC50 value of 80 nM. The present study provided useful information for the discovery of antiviral carbocyclic nucleosides.
Chalcone‐inspired rA1/A2A adenosine receptor ligands: Ring closure as an alternative to a reactive substructure
Authors: Matthee Chrisna , Terre’Blanche Gisella , Janse van Rensburg Helena D. , Aucamp Janine , Legoabe Lesetja J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, great progress has been made in the development of high‐affinity adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptor antagonists—promising agents for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, many of these compounds raise structure‐related concerns. The present study investigated the effect of ring closures on the rA1/A2A affinity of compounds containing a highly reactive α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl system, hence providing insight into the potential of heterocycles to address these concerns. A total of 12 heterocyclic compounds were synthesised and evaluated in silico and in vitro. The test compounds performed well upon qualitative assessment of drug‐likeness and were generally found to be free from potentially problematic fragments. Most also showed low/weak cytotoxicity. Results from radioligand binding experiments confirm that heterocycles (particularly 2‐substituted 3‐cyanopyridines) can replace the promiscuous α,β‐unsaturated ketone functional group without compromising A1/A2A affinity. Structure–activity relationships highlighted the importance of hydrogen bonds in binding to the receptors of interest. Compounds 3c (rA1Ki = 16 nM; rA2AKi = 65 nM) and 8a (rA1Ki = 102 nM; rA2AKi = 37 nM), which both act as A1 antagonists, showed significant dual A1/A2A affinity and may, therefore, inspire further investigation into heterocycles as potentially safe and potent adenosine receptor antagonists.
Arthroscopic treatment of bilateral mandibular condylar cysts and associated osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joints in a horse
Authors: Carmalt J. L. , Reisbig N. A. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryA horse was presented with a history of unpredictable behaviour under saddle to the point that the owner deemed the horse dangerous to ride. In addition, at rest the horse frequently protruded his tongue and during mastication a “clunking” sound could be heard. Radiographic examination at a previous clinic had revealed a normal left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and a radiopaque mass in the right TMJ. However, despite arthroscopic surgery of the abnormal joint, the clinical signs had not resolved. Diagnostic investigation at the referral clinic revealed that TMJ analgaesia altered both a baseline hindlimb lameness and a behavioural component to the movement of the horse. Computed tomography (CT) illustrated the presence of bone cysts within the mandibular condyles and marginal osteophytosis of the discomandibular joints consistent with osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic examination, debridement of the affected joints and post‐operative intra‐articular injection of autologous protein solution resulted in temporary resolution of both the behavioural changes and the “clunking” sound. Ultimately, the horse was euthanised for continued dangerous behaviour, which treatment had failed to resolve in the longer term. In conclusion, the presence of cysts in the mandibular condyle and osteoarthritis can be a cause of abnormal behaviour, which may render a horse dangerous to ride. The case report illustrates the complex interaction between the TMJ, behaviour and movement.