bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Present and future treatment strategies for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Elekhnawy Engy , Kamar Amal Abo , Sonbol Fatma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in many challenges to the healthcare organizations around the world. Unfortunately, until now, there are no proven effective therapeutic agents against this virus.

Main body
Several evolving studies suggest repurposing a potential list of drugs which have appropriate pharmacological and therapeutic effects to be used in treating COVID-19 cases. In the present review, we will summarize the potential drugs suggested to be repurposed to be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 patients like lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, remdesvir, umifenovir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, corticosteroids, losartan, statins, interferons, nitric oxide, epoprostenol, tocilizumab, siltuximab, sarilumab anakinra, and ruxolitinib. In addition, we discussed the possible future therapeutic regimens based on the recent molecular and genomic discoveries.

Conclusion
This review could provide beneficial information about the potential current and future treatment strategies to treat the pandemic COVID-19 disease.
Bibliometric assessment and key messages of sporotrichosis research (1945-2018)
Authors: Albuquerque Priscila Costa , Fonseca e Fonseca Bruna de Paula , Zicker Fabio , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

Background: Sporotrichosis has recently emerged as an important mycosis worldwide, with diverse transmission and epidemiologic profiles. For instance, in Brazil most cases are related to zoonotic transmission from naturally infected cats, and the majority of cases in China are due to external injury with environmental materials. Publications on sporotrichosis and on its etiologic agent may guide the direction of the research in this field. It can also define priorities for future studies. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the trends of global research in Sporothrix and sporotrichosis, based on publications records retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases for the period of 1945 to 2018. The overall productivity in the field, its geographical and temporal distribution, research themes, co-authorship networks, funding sources, and if audience and research findings are addressed in the abstracts. Results: A total of 4,007 unique publications involving 99 countries were retrieved, most of them published after 2000. Authors based on institutions from the United States of America and Brazil accounted for 57.4% of the publications. Brazil was the leading country in terms of research collaboration and networking, with co-authorship with 45 countries. The thematic mapping revealed a temporal shift from clinical to applied research. Despite the large number of countries publishing in this field, most of funded studies came from Brazil, Mexico, China, South Africa, or the United States of America. The analysis of content identified few specific public health recommendations for prevention, case-management, or research. Moreover, most papers do not have a clearly defined intended audience. Conclusion: As the research in this field is emerging in several countries, with the generation of a large amount of data, it is necessary that scientists strengthen efforts to translate the research results into practice to curb this neglected infection.
Funders’ responsibility to ensure value in research: a self-audit by the Health Research Board Ireland
Authors: Cody Anne , Hiney Maura , Clarke Patricia , O'Driscoll Mairead 
Published: April 2021

As a public funder of health research, the Health Research Board (HRB) Ireland has an obligation to manage its funds well and to maximise the value of the research that it funds. Ways in which research funding can be wasted have been examined by researchers over the years, and a seminal series on research waste was published in the Lancet in 2014. The series systematically analysed every step of the funding lifecycle in five major stages and made recommendations to various actors including research funders. Prompted by its participation in the Ensuring Value in Research Funders’ Forum, between June and October 2019 the HRB undertook a self-audit against the 17 recommendations and 35 sub-recommendations identified in the Lancet series. Key HRB staff collated relevant policies and practices regarding each recommendation and sub-recommendation and assessed the HRB’s performance under each heading. The self-assessment reflects the state of HRB policies and practices in October 2019. Of the 17 recommendations, two were found not to apply to the HRB. Of the remaining 15 recommendations covering 33 sub-recommendations, five were found to be areas of strength and six were found to be areas of partial strength. These 11 recommendations encompass 22 sub-recommendations. Areas of strength reflect work over many years such as support for evidence synthesis, strong processes around award selection, driving research integrity and open data including an HRB-funded open publishing platform. Four recommendations were found to be areas for growth. These mostly revolve around real time reporting of study protocols and of ongoing funded research outside of clinical trials. Work is progressing to address some of these areas.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ГОТОВНОСТИ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ ФИЗИКИ К РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ STEM–ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Chervonny Mikhail Alexandrovich , Shvaleva Tatiana Vladislavovna , Vlasova Anna Alekseevna 
Published: April 2021

Цель. Комплексным подходом подготовки учителя обладает STEM-образование (science, technology, engineering, mathematics), которое позволяет обеспечить будущего учителя современными технологиями обучения школьников по инженерно-техническим и естественнонаучным направлениям. Авторы ставят целью проанализировать перспективы разработки системы педагогического STEM-образования, исследовать отношение и готовность учителей физики к STEM-подходу в школах Томской области.Метод или методология проведения работы. В ходе исследования первоначально проведен анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы об актуальности и развитии образовательных технологий STEM-образования. Проведены анкетирование и статистическая обработка ответов учителей физики и методистов из 57 общеобразовательных учреждений Томской области, кластеризация узких и специфических ответов респондентов, обобщение результатов.Результаты. Установлено, что новые требования к содержанию обучения в области естественно-научных дисциплин проявляют необходимость подготовки учителя по технологиям STEM-образования, ориентированного на решение практических и проектных задач. Доказывается, что для полноценной реализации STEM-подхода в подготовке педагога необходимы обобщённые представления теоретических и эмпирических исследований. На примере образовательных организаций Томской области выявлено распространение различных вариаций STEM-образования. Учителя физики желают заниматься STEM–образованием. Отдаётся предпочтение варианту реализации занятий со школьниками в отдельном интегрированном курсе при сохранении курса физики.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в системе высшего педагогического образования для разработки интегрированных курсов естественных наук и «технологии» при подготовке бакалавров, разработки магистерских программ для учителей по теории и практике STEM-образования школьников.
Modeling Single-Picker Routing Problems in Classical and Modern Warehouses
Authors: Goeke Dominik , Schneider Michael 
Published: April 2021

The standard single-picker routing problem (SPRP) seeks the cost-minimal tour to collect a set of given articles in a rectangular single-block warehouse with parallel picking aisles and a dedicated storage policy, that is, each stock-keeping unit is only available from one storage location in the warehouse. We present a compact formulation that forgoes classical subtour elimination constraints by directly exploiting two of the properties of an optimal picking tour used in the dynamic programming algorithm published in the seminal paper of Ratliff and Rosenthal. We extend the formulation to three important settings prevalent in modern e-commerce warehouses: scattered storage, decoupling of picker and cart, and multiple end depots. In numerical studies, our formulation outperforms existing standard SPRP formulations from the literature and proves able to solve large instances within short runtimes. Realistically sized instances of the three problem extensions can also be solved with low computational effort. For scattered storage, we note a rough tendency that runtimes increase with longer pick lists or a higher degree of duplication. In addition, we find that decoupling of picker and cart can lead to substantial cost savings depending on the speed and capacity of the picker when traveling alone, whereas additional end depots have rather limited benefits in a single-block warehouse. Summary of Contribution: Efficiently routing order pickers is of great practical interest because picking costs make up a substantial part of operational warehouse costs. For the prevalent case of a rectangular warehouse with parallel picking aisles, we present a highly effective modeling approach that covers—in addition to the standard setting—several important storage and order-picking strategies employed in modern e-commerce warehouses: scattered storage, decoupling of picker and cart, and multiple end depots. In this way, we provide practitioners as well as scientists with an easy and quick way of implementing a high-quality solution approach for routing pickers in the described settings. In addition, we shed some light on the cost benefits of the different storage and picking strategies in numerical experiments.
Increased Transparency in Procurement: The Role of Peer Effects
Authors: Beer Ruth , Rios Ignacio , Saban Daniela 
Published: April 2021

Motivated by recent initiatives to increase transparency in procurement, we study the effects of disclosing information about previous purchases in a setting where an organization delegates its purchasing decisions to its employees. When employees can use their own discretion, which may be influenced by personal preferences, to select a supplier, the incentives of the employees and the organization may be misaligned. Disclosing information about previous purchasing decisions made by other employees can reduce or exacerbate this misalignment, as peer effects may come into play. To understand the effects of transparency, we introduce a theoretical model that compares employees’ actions in two settings: one where employees cannot observe each other’s choices and one where they can observe the decision previously made by a peer before making their own. Two behavioral assumptions are central to our model: that employees are heterogeneous in their reciprocity toward their employer, and that they experience peer effects in the form of income inequality aversion toward their peer. As a result, our model predicts the existence of negative spillovers as a reciprocal employee is more likely to choose the expensive supplier (which gives the employee a personal reward) when the employee observes that a peer did so. A laboratory experiment confirms the existence of negative spillovers and the main behavioral mechanisms described in our model. A surprising result not predicted by our theory is that employees whose decisions are observed by their peers are less likely to choose the expensive supplier than the employees in the no-transparency case. We show that observed employees’ preferences for compliance with the social norm of appropriate purchasing behavior explain our data well. This paper was accepted by Yuval Victor Martinez de Albeniz, operations management.
Auto Strut: A novel smart robotic system for external fixation device for bone deformity correction, a preliminary experience
Authors: Gigi Roy , Mor Jacob , Lidor Inbar , Ovadia Dror , Segev Eitan 
Published: April 2021

Purpose Several hexapod external fixators are used in the treatment of bone fracture and deformity corrections. One characteristic of all of them is the requirement for manual adjustment of the fixator struts. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel robotic system that executes automatic adjustment of the struts. Methods Ten patients were treated for various bone deformities using a hexapod external fixator with the Auto Strut system. This new system automatically adjusts the fixator struts according to a hexapod computer-assisted correction plan. During each visit, the progress of the correction was assessed (clinically and radiographically) and reading of the strut scale numbers was performed and compared with the original treatment plan. Results All patients completed treatment during the follow-up period, achieving all planned correction goals, except from one patient who switched to manual struts due to personal preference. The device alarm system was activated once with no device-related adverse events. Duration of distraction ranged between ten and 90 days with a distraction index ranging between eight and 15 days/cm. Regenerate consolidation time between one and seven months. In total, 48 struts of eight patients were recorded and analyzed. In all, 94% of the final strut number readings presented a discrepancy of 0 mm to 1 mm between planned and actual readings, indicating high precision of the automatic adjustment. Conclusion This study presents preliminary results, showing that Auto Strut can successfully replace the manual strut adjustment providing important advantages that benefit the patient, the caregiver and the surgeon. Level of Evidence Level II
All-normal dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser mode locked by nonlinear multimode interference
Authors: Gupta Pradeep K. , Singh Chandra P. , Mukhopadhyay Pranab K. , Bindra Kushvinder S. 
Published: April 2021

We report a mode-locking operation using a nonlinear multimode interference (MMI)-based saturable absorber in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser under an all-normal dispersion configuration. The MMI is observed in a step-index single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) fiber structure. The intensity and wavelength-dependent transmission of the SMS structure has been studied numerically to understand the Kerr-induced saturable absorber properties of MMI in a step-index fiber. Numerical investigations show that presence of a narrow-band wavelength-tunable spectral filter is necessary for a nonlinear MMI-based saturable absorber to be effective for mode locking. A single-pulse mode-locking operation in the laser is realized at a very low pump power of

∼

56.3

m
W

at which the laser generates 180 ps duration pulses at

∼

9

M
H
z

repetition rate with measured signal-to-noise ratio of

∼

50

d
B

. This all-fiber integrated laser operates in multi-pulse and noise-like rectangular pulse regimes at increased pump power.
Long-range multicore optical fiber displacement sensor
Authors: Alonso-Murias Monserrat C. , Monzón-Hernández David , Rodríguez-Quiroz Osvaldo , Antonio-Lopez J. Enrique , Schülzgen Axel , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Villatoro Joel 
Published: April 2021

In this Letter, a long-range optical fiber displacement sensor based on an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) built with a strongly coupled multicore fiber (SCMCF) is proposed and demonstrated. To fabricate the device, 9.2 mm of SCMCF was spliced to a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). The sensor reflection spectrum is affected by super-mode interference in the SCMCF and the interference produced by the EFPI. Displacement of the SMF-SCMCF tip with respect to a reflecting surface produces quantifiable changes in the amplitude and period of the interference pattern in the reflection spectrum. Since the multicore fiber is an efficient light collecting area, sufficient signal intensity can be obtained for displacements of several centimeters. By analyzing the interference pattern in the Fourier domain, it was possible to measure displacements up to 50 mm with a resolution of approximately 500 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a multicore fiber has been used to build a displacement sensor. The dynamic measurement range is at least seven times larger than that achieved with an EFPI built with a conventional SMF. Moreover, the SMF-SCMCF tip is robust and easy to fabricate and replicate.
Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Ugandan adults who resist versus those who develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Thiel Bonnie A. , Worodria William , Nalukwago Sophie , Nsereko Mary , Sanyu Ingvar , Rejani Lalitha , Zawedde Josephine , Canaday David H. , Stein Catherine M. , Chervenak Keith A. , Malone LaShaunda L. , Kiyemba Ronald , Silver Richard F. , Johnson John L. , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Boom W. Henry 
Published: April 2021

Background
The search for immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in humans is limited by the focus on peripheral blood measures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can safely be done and provides insight into cellular function in the lung where infection is first established. In this study, blood and lung samples were assayed to determine if heavily MTB exposed persons who resist development of latent MTB infection (RSTR) vs those who develop latent MTB infection (LTBI), differ in the make-up of resident BAL innate and adaptive immune cells.

Methods
Bronchoscopy was performed on 21 healthy long-term Ugandan RSTR and 25 LTBI participants. Immune cell distributions in BAL and peripheral blood were compared by differential cell counting and flow cytometry.

Results
The bronchoscopy procedure was well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Differential macrophage and lymphocyte frequencies in BAL differed between RSTR and LTBI. When corrected for age, this difference lost statistical significance. BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were almost entirely composed of effector memory T cells in contrast to PBMC, and did not differ between RSTR and LTBI. BAL NKT, γδ T cells and NK cells also did not differ between RTSR and LTBI participants. There was a marginally significant increase (p = 0.034) in CD8 T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in PBMC of LTBI vs RSTR participants.

Conclusion
This observational case-control study comparing unstimulated BAL from RSTR vs LTBI, did not find evidence of large differences in the distribution of baseline BAL immune cells. PBMC TEMRA cell percentage was higher in LTBI relative to RSTR suggesting a role in the maintenance of latent MTB infection. Functional immune studies are required to determine if and how RSTR and LTBI BAL immune cells differ in response to MTB.
I Hear Your Voice, Young-Ha Kim (2017) (trans. Krys Lee)
Authors: Lea-Henry Jed 
Published: April 2021

Review of: I Hear Your Voice, Young-Ha Kim (2017) (trans. Krys Lee)
New York: Mariner Books, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-544-32447-3, p/bk, $13.99
Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020)
Authors: Vella Raphael 
Published: April 2021

Review of: Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020)
Leiden: Brill/Sense, 238 pp.,
ISBN 978-90-04-42454-8, p/back, €50.00
O desencanto das utopias: rupturas entre política e poder
Authors: Silva Aloirmar José da 
Published: April 2021

O texto consiste em uma resenha da obra Retrotopia, de Zygmunt Bauman, publicada pela Editora Zahar em 2017. A obra percorre os labirintos da história da utopia e chega a retrotopia, cujo surgimento se dá devido ao divórcio, cada vez mais acentuado, entre poder e política, e o desencanto com ideias, ideais e promessas de futuro.
[...]. O autor Zygmunt Bauman, sociólogo e filósofo polonês, tornou-se um dos mais importantes analistas de temas hodiernos, dedicando sua vida ao estudo da condição humana. Sua formação e trajetória docente na Universidade de Varsóvia e na Universidade de Leeds, bem como sua vasta produção acadêmica, colocam-no na vanguarda dos intelectuais contemporâneos e caracterizam-no como um dos grandes pensadores da contemporaneidade. Se para alguns ele é o conhecedor perspicaz, para outros é um ingênuo pessimista. Contudo, sua produção acadêmica possui ampla aceitação no campo das ciências sociais, nas ciências da educação, sobretudo nos estudos norteados pela perspectiva pós-estruturalista.
A partir de um diálogo com a “Utopia” de Thomas More, o autor tece seus argumentos na interlocução com diversos pensadores e com as diferentes situações cotidianas noticiadas nos principais jornais do mundo. Ele sistematiza conceitos, pressupostos, posicionamentos e críticas em uma obra densa, disposta em seis seções: a introdução, denominada de “A era da nostalgia”; o primeiro capítulo “De volta a Hobbes?”; seguido por “De volta às tribos”; “De volta à desigualdade”; “De volta ao útero”; e um epílogo, intitulado “olhando adiante, para variar”. Essas seções constituem uma espécie de inventário, que articula sentimentos e práticas retrotopianos, materializados no Lebenswelt (mundo da vida) dos sujeitos imersos na moderna sociedade líquida.
[...].
Essa epidemia global de nostalgia de que fala o autor, em vez de consolidar o futuro como ethos de esperanças e expectativas, torna-o um invólucro de medo e pesadelos. É desse cenário complexo que emerge a retrotopia como um “novo” ciclo da história da utopia, substituindo o vigor do tempo incerto que está por vir, por tentativas conscientes de iteração com aspectos bem-sucedidos do passado, projetando-os como futuro, na fantasia de harmonizar segurança com liberdade. Embora não se trate de “retorno direto a um modo de vida antes praticado” (BAUMAN, 2017, p. 14), a suposta estabilidade, o pseudorresguardo no que passou, e a ilusória faculdade de controlar o que pode acontecer, causam um distanciamento entre poder e política, destituindo a soberania do Estado e das agências capazes de regular/prover a vida social. Ao denotar que os sujeitos contemporâneos duvidam da capacidade do Estado, e de qualquer instituição, de levar as coisas a cabo e de escolher entre aquelas que devem ser feitas, o autor revela o desmonte do coletivo como uma instância política de poder e a redução da vida social à capacidade de consumir, exacerbando o âmbito pessoal como responsável pela busca das melhorias de vida.
[...].