bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konstelasi Politik Pasca Perang Ngali di Bima
Authors: Sukarddin Sukarddin , Mulyati Mulyati , Faujiah Faujiah 
Published: February 2021

Sultanate of Bima faces various challenges, especially in the economic and political fields of government. Trade freedom had been the main pillar of the economy, threatened by the Dutch trade monopoly. Sovereignty and territorial integrity are threatened by the " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) which was imposed by the Dutch colonial government . The agreement " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) with the Netherlands has made people's anger overflowed. Anger was manifested by the resistance of the people of N g Ali against occupation of the Netherlands in the years 1908-1909. The purpose of writing this is to examine more deeply about the background behind the constellation of politics in the Sultanate of Bima so that the P groaned Ngali , and the impact of P groaned Ngali.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL RELATIONS IN PUJAKESUMA LANGUAGE
Authors: Rafida Tien 
Published: February 2021

Human beings need language as their communication because language as the branch of linguistic. When all people speak in a communication is a process and then, there must be both sender and receiver. Sometimes, all people only talk interaction not only directly interact and something more meaningless. In the branch of linguistics, semantic is the study about all the aspects of meaning outside the grammatical of language which different with morphology and syntax that concern with grammatical of language. In this paper, the writer interest to discuss about semantic analysis on lexical in Pujakesuma because semantics is one of the important aspect in linguistics and lexical of Javanese society nomads in Sumatera Utara (Pujakesuma) is also have different meaning to be analyzed.
ACADEMIC WRITING NEEDS OF POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Joseph Jeyaraj Joanna 
Published: February 2021

Purpose â€“ In this study, the writing needs of postgraduate research students are explored, so that support structures that enable successful completion rates and student satisfaction can be identified. Postgraduate education is expanding in Malaysian public and private higher education institutions; yet research tends to focus on public institutions, because private institutions have traditionally been oriented towards teaching instead of research. Therefore, this study explores the needs of students in a branch campus of a private overseas university in Malaysia. Methodology - Semi-structured exploratory interviews were carried out with six postgraduate students, so that a deeper understanding of their research writing needs could be obtained. Interviews were then analysed using a general inductive approach. Findings â€“ It was found that students required support in three main areas: writing, supervision and ICT. Students sought English language support and more workshops and programmes which specifically dealt with thesis writing. They also believed that peer support groups would be beneficial. Secondly, more guidance was needed from supervisors to enable greater clarity on writing and institutional processes and procedures. Finally, students wanted greater access to ICT writing tools to facilitate writing and language learning. Significance â€“ The findings of this study are beneficial to institutions seeking to provide greater support for postgraduate students to ensure timely completion rates and greater student satisfaction. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that postgraduate support incorporate 3Ps, i.e., be pedagogically driven; peer oriented; and programmatically implemented.
CHALLENGES OF SERVICE LEARNING PRACTICES: STUDENT AND FACULTY PERSPECTIVES FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Yusof Norhafezah , Tengku Ariffin Tengku Faekah , Awang Hashim Rosna , Nordin Hasniza , Kaur Amrita 
Published: February 2021

Purpose â€“ The primary aim of service learning is to produce holistically developed students. Despite the mandate from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia to infuse service learning in the programs of studies since 2015, service learning in the country remains in its infancy. Critical insights concerning contextual compatibility are still missing in the Malaysian context. In this regard, the current paper aims to investigate the perspectives of lecturers and students on the challenges they have encountered while participating in service learning. Methodology â€“ The study employed a qualitative approach and the principles of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) guided the collection of data. Students and lecturers who participated in the study were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The data from the students was collected using focus group interviews, while in-depth face to face interviews were used to collect data from the lecturers. These two sources of data were then analysed using a thematic analysis method. Findings â€“ From the perspectives of the students, the challenges encountered were as follows: 1) there is a gap between theory and practice and 2) the lack of cognitive autonomy, while from the perspectives of the lecturers, the challenge was lack of structural support. There was also a theme seen in the common challenges experienced by the participants which was about the relationship and rapport with the community. Significance â€“The findings provide insights into the challenges faced by lecturers and students in a public university where service learning is practised. These insights may have implications for academic developers providing training workshops on service learning and for lecturers involved in the design and implementation of service-learning projects.
ESL TEACHERSâ€™ STRATEGIES TO FOSTER HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS TO TEACH WRITING
Authors: Swaran Singh Charanjit Kaur , Gopal Revathi , Ong Eng Tek , Masa Singh Tarsame Singh , Mostafa Nor Azmi , Ambar Singh Rhashvinder Kaur 
Published: February 2021

Purpose - This research focuses on ESL teachersâ€™ strategies to foster higher-order thinking skills to teach writing to weak ESL learners in two selected secondary schools in Malaysia. ESL teachersâ€™ strategies to foster higher-order thinking skills to teach writing to weak ESL learners were captured and encapsulated to enable the ESL learners to understand and master higher order thinking to improve their writing. Methodology â€“ A qualitative descriptive case study design was employed in the study. The sample was based on a snowball sampling and 4 ESL teachers were selected from two different secondary schools in Malaysia. The main data collection method was classroom observation while thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Each teacher was observed twice. Classroom observation forms and video recordings were used as a main source in data collection. Findings â€“ Findings showed that ESL teachers selected strategies to foster higher-order thinking skills to teach writing including the general procedures in implementing higher-order thinking skills for teaching writing and major considerations at each stage of the implementation. ESL teachers exposed learners to the general procedures of the higher-order thinking skills which were explaining and helping students to understand what higher-order thinking is, leading students to connect to concepts in writing, helping students to infer through real-life situations, using more graphic organizers and teaching problem-solving skills. Significance â€“ The findings can be used to guide decisions on higher-order thinking skills training for ESL teachers, educators and curriculum developers regarding the thinking skills strategies to be mastered in teaching writing.
Hubungan Pola Makan Ibu Menyusui dan Vitamin A yang Terkandung dalam Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dengan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 1 Bulan
Authors: Ratna Ratna Dewi 
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang : Pola makan ibu akan menentukan tercukupi atau tidaknya asupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh bayi. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan alamiah untuk bayi dan mengandung gizi yang lengkap, mudah dicerna, dan diabsorpsi. ASI mengandung zat anti infeksi dan anti alergi. ASI mengandung mineral yang lengkap. Kadar mineral per ml ASI umumnya relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan susu sapi sesuai dengan kemampuan bayi dalam mencerna zat gizi. Bayi pada umumnya lahir dengan cadangan vitamin A rendah didalam tubuh.Terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan pada bayi antara lain faktor internal dan eksternal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan ibu dan Vitamin A yang terkandung dalam ASI dengan berat badan bayi usia 1 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross secsional, waktu penelitian bulan Januari 2017 sampai Februari 2018 dengan jumlah sampel 50 orang ibu menyusui dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pola makan ibu dengan berat badan bayi usia 1 bulan (pValue=0.001) dan tidak ada hubungan antara Vitamin A dengan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 1 bulan (pValue=0.069). Kesimpulan: ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pola makan ibu dengan berat badan bayi usia 1 bulan dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara vitamn A Yang terkandung dalam ASI dengan berat badan bayi usia 1 bulan.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSUD Pariaman
Authors: Sa'danoer Ira Maulina 
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO setiap tahunnya kira-kira 3% (3,6 juta) dari 120 juta bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia, hampir 1 juta bayi ini meninggal. RSUD Pariaman angka kejadian penyakit asfiksia pada bayi bisa tergolong tinggi, dimana tahun 2018 asfiksia menempati posisi kedua setelah sepsis neonaturum yaitu 267 kasus, dimana rata-perbulannya 22 bayi menderita asfiksia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum Di RSUD Pariaman. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan retrospectif, Penelitian ini dilakukan di medical record RSUD Pariaman pada bulan September 2018. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi yang lahir di RSUD Pariaman pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 267 bayi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik case control dalam penelitian ini jumlah sampel sebanyak 72 sampel kasus dan 72 sampel kontrol Hasil: Hampir seluruh responden memiliki usia tidak berisiko (81,9%), sebagian besar responden memiliki usia kehamilan tidak berisiko (78,5%), sebagian besar responden memiliki berat badan bayi lahir normal (≥ 2500 gram) (50,7%), sebagian responden mengalami asfiksia (50%) dan sebagiannya lagi tidak asfiksia (50%), Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia ibu Dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum (p value = 0.004 0.05), Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia kehamilan Dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum (p value = 0.014 0.05), Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara berat lahir bayi Dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Pariaman (p value = 0.000 0.05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia ibu, usia kehamilan dan berat lahir bayi dengan kejadian asfiksia.
Hubungan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik dengan Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Kala I
Authors: Rauda Rauda , Oktafirnanda Yuka , Ziraluo Melita Idawati 
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Persalinan didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses pengeluaran hasil konsepsi yang dapat hidup, dari dalam uterus melalui vagina atau jalan lain ke dunia luar. Hasil survei yang di lakukan di Klinik Pratama WIPA di dapatkan 30 ibu bersalin yang mendapat perlakuan komunikasi terapeutik memberikan respon positif dalam menanggapi nyeri persalinan, maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Dengan Intesitas Nyeri Persalinan Kala I. Metode: ini menggunakan survei analitik merupakan penelitian yang mencoba menggali bagaimana dan mengapa fenomena itu terjadi. Dengan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu suatu penelitian untuk mempelajari dinamika kolerasi antara faktor dan efek, dengan cara pendekatan, observasi atau pengumpulan data sekaligus. Dimana tujuannya untuk mempelajari hubungan antara variabel bebas(indenpendent) dan variabel terikat (dependent). Pada penelitian ini komunikasi terapeutik sebagai variabel bebas dan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I sebagai variabel terikat. Hasil : hasil uji Chi-Square diperoleh hasil ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I dengan nilai sig-p = (0,34). Kesimpulan: adanya hubungan antara komunikasi terapeutik dengan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I.
Periodic Polymerization and the Generation of Polymer Giant Vesicles Autonomously Driven by pH Oscillatory Chemistry
Authors: Guo Jinshan , Poros-Tarcali Eszter , Pérez-Mercader Juan 
Published: February 2021

Using the radicals generated during pH oscillations, a semibatch pH oscillator is used as the chemical fuel and engine to drive polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) for the one-pot autonomous synthesis of functional giant vesicles. Vesicles with diameters ranging from sub-micron to ∼5 µm are generated. Radical formation is found to be switched ON/OFF and be autonomously controlled by the pH oscillator itself, inducing a periodic polymerization process. The mechanism underlying these complex processes is studied and compared to conventional (non-oscillatory) initiation by the same redox pair. The pH oscillations along with the continuous increase in salt concentration in the semibatch reactor make the self-assembled objects undergo morphological evolution. This process provides a self-regulated means for the synthesis of soft giant polymersomes and opens the door for new applications of pH oscillators in a variety of contexts, from the exploration of new geochemical scenarios for the origin of life and the autonomous emergence of the necessary free-energy and proton gradients, to the creation of active functional microreactors and programmable release of cargo molecules for pH-responsive materials.
Harmonization of Protocols for Multi-Species Organoid Platforms to Study the Intestinal Biology of Toxoplasma gondii and Other Protozoan Infections
Authors: Holthaus David , Delgado-Betancourt Estefanía , Aebischer Toni , Seeber Frank , Klotz Christian 
Published: February 2021

The small intestinal epithelium is the primary route of infection for many protozoan parasites. Understanding the mechanisms of infection, however, has been hindered due to the lack of appropriate models that recapitulate the complexity of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we describe an in vitro platform using stem cell-derived intestinal organoids established for four species that are important hosts of Apicomplexa and other protozoa in a zoonotic context: human, mouse, pig and chicken. The focus was set to create organoid-derived monolayers (ODMs) using the transwell system amenable for infection studies, and we provide straightforward guidelines for their generation and differentiation from organ-derived intestinal crypts. To this end, we reduced medium variations to an absolute minimum, allowing generation and differentiation of three-dimensional organoids for all four species and the subsequent generation of ODMs. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunolabeling with antibodies against marker proteins as well as transepithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to characterize ODM’s integrity and functional state. These experiments show an overall uniform generation of monolayers suitable for Toxoplasma gondii infection, although robustness in terms of generation of stable TEER levels and cell differentiation status varies from species to species. Murine duodenal ODMs were then infected with T. gondii and/or Giardia duodenalis, two parasites that temporarily co-inhabit the intestinal niche but have not been studied previously in cellular co-infection models. T. gondii alone did not alter TEER values, integrity and transcriptional abundance of tight junction components. In contrast, in G. duodenalis-infected ODMs all these parameters were altered and T. gondii had no apparent influence on the G. duodenalis-triggered phenotype. In conclusion, we provide robust protocols for the generation, differentiation and characterization of intestinal organoids and ODMs from four species. We show their applications for comparative studies on parasite-host interactions during the early phase of a T. gondii infection but also its use for co-infections with other relevant intestinal protozoans.
Case Report: Takotsubo Syndrome Associated With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ortuno Sofia , Jozwiak Mathieu , Mira Jean-Paul , Nguyen Lee S. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is triggered by emotional or physical stress. It is defined as a reversible myocardial dysfunction, usually with apical ballooning aspect due to apical akinesia associated with hyperkinetic basal left ventricular contraction. Described in cases of viral infections such as influenza, only few have been reported associated with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the recent pandemic.Case summary: A 79-years-old man, with cardiovascular risk factors (type 2 diabetes and hypertension) and chronic kidney disease, presented to the emergency room for severe dyspnea after 8 days of presenting respiratory symptoms and fever. Baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) was normal, but he presented marked inflammatory syndrome. He was transferred to an intensive care unit to receive mechanical ventilation within 6 h, due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. He presented circulatory failure 2 days after, requiring norepinephrine support (up to up to 1.04 μg/kg/min). Troponin T was elevated (637 ng/l). ECG showed diffuse T wave inversion. Echocardiography showed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF 40%), with visual signs of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Cardiac failure resolved after 24 h with troponin T decrease (433 ng/l) and restoration of cardiac function (LVEF 60% with regression of Takotsubo features). Patient died after 15 days of ICU admission, due to septic shock from ventilator-acquired pneumonia. Cardiac function was then normal.Conclusion: Mechanisms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in viral infections include catecholamine-induced myocardial toxicity and inflammation related to sepsis. Differential diagnoses include myocarditis and myocardial infarction. Evidence of the benefit of immunomodulatory drugs and dexamethasone are growing to support this hypothesis in COVID-19.
Association of N-Terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide With Volume Status and Cardiac Function in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Cao Xuesen , Yu Jinbo , Zhang Yongmei , Li Xianzhe , Chen Xiaohong , Zou Jianzhou , Shen Bo , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) is secreted by cardiomyocytes in cases of cardiac structure disorder and volume overload. However, the relationship between NT-pro BNP level and body fluid status in dialysis patients with reduced cardiac ejection function (EF) is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship.Methods: We enrolled patients who had been receiving hemodialysis for &gt;3 months. Blood sample, transthoracic echocardiographic, and bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements were performed during a midweek non-dialysis day. The predictive value of NT-pro BNP in hemodialysis patients with volume overload was analyzed.Results: A total of 129 hemodialysis patients (74 men and 55 women; mean age: 59.4 ± 13.0 years) were recruited. The average hemodialysis duration was 55.5 (23.9–93.4) months, the NT-pro BNP level was 4992 (2,033–15,807) pg/mL, and the value of overhydration was 2.68 ± 0.19 (−1.9 to 12.2) L. The NT-pro BNP level was independently correlated with overhydration in both the LVEF ≥ 60% (β = 0.236, P = 0.044) and LVEF &lt;60% (β = 0.516, P = 0.032) groups, even after adjustments for potentially confounding variables. In receiver operating characteristic curves of NT-pro BNP for predicting volume overload, the area under the curve was 0.783 [95% CI (0.688–0.879), P &lt; 0.001) and 0.788 [95% CI (0.586–0.989), P &lt; 0.001] in the LVEF ≥ 60% and LVEF &lt; 60% groups, respectively.Conclusions: NT-pro BNP is a predictive factor for volume overload in hemodialysis patients with or without EF declines.
Trends in Factors Affecting Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Age (2004–2017)
Authors: Gaudio Mariangela , Dozio Nicoletta , Feher Michael , Scavini Marina , Caretto Amelia , Joy Mark , Van Vlymer Jeremy , Hinton William , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: February 2021

AimTo describe trends in modifiable and non-modifiable unfavorable factors affecting pregnancy outcomes, over time (years 2004–2017), in women with diabetes of childbearing age from an English primary care perspective.MethodsWe identified women with diabetes aged 16–45 years from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network, an English primary care sentinel database. Repeated annual cross-sectional analyses (2004–2017) assessed the prevalence of unfavorable factors for pregnancy, such as obesity, poor glycaemic control, microalbuminuria, hypertension, use of medications for treating diabetes, and associated comorbidities not recommended for pregnancy.ResultsWe identified 3,218 women (61.5% with Type 2 diabetes) in 2004 and 6,657 (65.0% with Type 2 diabetes) in 2017. The proportion of women with ideal glycaemic control for conception (HbA1c&lt;6.5%) increased over time, in patients with Type 1 diabetes from 9.0% (7.1%–11.0%) to 19.1% (17.2%–21.1%), and in those with Type 2 diabetes from 27.2% (24.6%–29.9%) to 35.4% (33.6%–37.1%). The proportion of women with Type 2 diabetes prescribed medications different from insulin and metformin rose from 22.3% (20.5%–24.2%) to 27.3% (26.0%–28.6%).In 2017, 14.0% (12.6%–15.4%) of women with Type 1 and 30.7% (29.3%–32.0%) with Type 2 diabetes were prescribed angiotensin-modulating antihypertensives or statins. We captured at least one unfavorable factor for pregnancy in 50.9% (48.8%–52.9%) of women with Type 1 diabetes and 70.7% (69.3%–72.0%) of women with Type 2 diabetes. Only one third of women with Type 1 diabetes (32.2%, 30.3%–34.0%) and a quarter of those with Type 2 diabetes (23.1%, 21.9%–24.4%) were prescribed hormonal contraception. Contraception was prescribed more frequently to women with unfavorable factors for pregnancy compared to those without, however, the difference was significant only for women with Type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsDespite significant improvements in general diabetes care, the majority of women with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes have unfavorable, although mostly modifiable, factors for the start of pregnancy. Good diabetes care for women of childbearing age should include taking into consideration a possible pregnancy.