bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Water in the Sanitary Conditions of the Populations Living in the Slums of Port-au-Prince: The Case of Canaan
Authors: Jérôme Yolette , Alexis Magline , Telcy David , Saffache Pascal , Emmanuel Evens 
Published: April 2021

Haitian cities are more and more prone to demographic growth, which has a lasting effect on water distribution infrastructures, as well as those that make it possible to clean it up. They are in touch with the growing demand for water, but also with the management methods of this resource. Over the past 25 years, the enlarged agglomeration of Port-au-Prince, the largest agglomeration in the country, has experienced very strong urban expansion with the creation of new precarious spaces. The literature reports that Haiti is now more than 64% urban and 35% of its population lives in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, in the West Department. Over the past decade, the footprint of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area has grown by 35%. Recent observations on the formation and development of some slums highlight the country’s vulnerability to land-based hazards, which support this form of urbanization through the emergence of environmental displaced persons. Canaan, a human settlement created following the earthquake of January 12, 2010 by presidential decree, and inhabited by the victims of this event, has a deficit in infrastructure and basic urban services. The results of our previous work on this territory lead to a much more in-depth reflection on the need to develop an index of vulnerability to environmental diseases for the population. In fact, most of the households that live there face very precarious situations. The health conditions associated with this context expose the population to increased risks of disease. The measures taken by families to treat water at home do not seem to limit their vulnerability to environmental diseases (infectious and chronic). Improving living conditions in Canaan with a view to sustainability therefore underlies major challenges. What avenues of intervention should be favored to facilitate a favorable development of the population, while taking into account the strong constraints that weigh on their daily lives? The objective of this study is precisely to analyze the vulnerability of the population to water-borne diseases.
Cardiovascular Risk/Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roman Gabriela , Pantea Stoian Anca 
Published: April 2021

People with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a 2–3 times higher cardiovascular risk (CVR) than people without diabetes. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in T2DM. Over 30% of those with T2DM have CVD (cardiovascular disease), and over half die from it, mainly from coronary heart disease. The presence of T2DM reduces life expectancy by 10–14 years. The European Society of Cardiology stratifies the CVR into moderate (young patients, with a short duration of diabetes, no risk factors), high (duration of diabetes >10 years, no target organ damage, plus any additional risk factor) and very high (patients with established CVD, target organ injury three CVD risk factors: age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, or Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) over 20 years duration). The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) considers that diabetes per se involves high risk. Heart failure (HF) is the second most common complication after obstructive peripheral arterial disease. T2DM associates a 75% higher risk of CV mortality or hospitalization for HF. A multifactorial approach is required to reduce CV morbidity and mortality.
La platería como medio de contar la historia: El contexto de Santiago de Compostela entre el siglo XIX y el XX a través de las obras de Ricardo Martínez
Authors: Pérez Varela Ana 
Published: April 2021

Acostumbramos a decir que las obras de arte son hijas de su tiempo. En este artículo exploramos el contexto histórico-artístico de la Compostela del tránsito del siglo XIX al XX, una época efervescente a menudo olvidada por los estudios, a través de una serie de obras de platería del célebre Ricardo Martínez. Siendo las artes suntuarias un elemento clave de las grandes lagunas historiográficas del arte compostelano, a lo largo de este texto pretendemos demostrar cómo dimensiones como la platería y otros oficios artísticos de Santiago pueden contribuir a construir su discurso historiográfico.
We're used to saying that works of art are the mirror of History. In this paper, we explore the historical and artistic context in Compostela between the nineteenth and twentieth century, a vibrant epoch often forgotten in the studies, throughout a series of pieces of silversmithing by the artist Ricardo Martínez. Being the sumptuary arts a key element, quite ignored by the historiography of the art from Compostela, this text aims to demonstrate how artistic fields like silversmithing and other artistic Arts-and-Crafts from Santiago can contribute to build its historiographical state of art.
Metáforas y evocaciones en los títulos de las obras teatrales de Angélica Liddell
Authors: Colomina Molina Teresa 
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analiza el significado de los títulos de las obras de teatro más representativas de la dramaturga española, directora y actriz Angélica Liddell. Basándonos en una metodología de estudio de caso se analizan algunos de los títulos comprendidos desde el año 1991 hasta el 2018 desde una perspectiva hermenéutica. Cada uno de los títulos es tomado como pequeñas unidades de información, siendo analizados y clasificados en cinco apartados principales (relaciones interpersonales,contexto sociopolítico, rebeldía, muerte y familia). Estas temáticas configuran el universo de la escritora y adquieren unlenguaje propio y dimensionado al margen del texto dramático que encabezan.
This article analyses the meaning of the titles of the most representative plays of the spanish playwright, director and actress Angélica Liddell. With a case study methodology, some of the titles from 1991 to 2018 are analyzed from a hermeneutic perspective. Each of the titles is taken as small units of information, and have been analyzed and classified in five main sections(interpersonal relations, socio-political context, rebellion, death and the family). These themes configure the writer's universe and acquire its own language and a new dimension apart from the dramatic text they lead.
En torno al templo parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Cieza (siglos XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Marín Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se realiza un estudio histórico-artístico sobre la Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Cieza, desde sus orígenes hasta el final de su construcción en 1873, dando a conocer los diversos canteros y arquitectos que intervinieron en el proceso de sus obras, periodo que, según se desprende de la bibliografía y la documentación consultada, parece ser que abarcó desde finales del siglo XVII hasta finales del siglo XIX, momento en el que se concluye su torre campanario por parte del arquitecto murciano José Marín Baldo, cuyo proyecto original redactado en 1873, queda plasmado en el apéndice documental que lo acompaña.
In this article a historical-artistic study is carried out on the Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption of Cieza, from its origins until the end of its construction in 1873, making known the various stonecutters and architects who intervened in the process of their works, a period that, as can be seen from the bibliography and the documentation consulted, seems to have spanned from the end of the 17th century until the end of the 19th century, at which time its bell tower is completed by the Murcian architect José Marín Baldo, whose project original written in 1873, is reflected in the accompanying documentary appendix.
Socialpædagogik og digital kommunikation for ægtefæller til mennesker med demens
Authors: Andersen Randi , Skjødt Ulla , Aagerup Lars Christian 
Published: April 2021

ResumeArtiklen tager udgangspunkt i projektet Demantec om digital kommunikation til understøttelse af livskvalitet for ægtefæller til mand eller hustru med demens. Det empiriske materiale er produceret i et feltstudie. Analysen viser udfordringer hos ægtefæller til mand eller hustru med demens, og hvordan en digital platform til understøttelse af livskvalitet for ægtefællerne bliver modtaget i praksis. Artiklen har fokus på ægtefællernes eksistentielle og sociale udfordringer, og diskuterer mulighederne for at understøtte disse ved inddragelse af socialpædagogiske traditioner om dannelse som eksistentielt projekt og inkluderende fællesskaber – med en digital platform som supplerende teknologi.
Abstract: Social Pedagogy and digital communication to support life quality for spouses to people with dementia.This article is part of the Demantec project investigating how spouses to people with dementia experience quality of life, and how social pedagogy and the use of digital communication have potentials to influence their quality of life. Based on interviews with spouses and field studies on cafes for spouses, the article argues that their need for information about dementia and dialogue, about their social and existential challenges in everyday life, are substantial. The discussions shed light on if and how digital communication can accommodate these needs. The conclusion is that there are potentials in a social pedagogical approach in practice using digital communication for supporting the needs of spouses.
Prediction of mechanical properties of healing fractures using acoustic emission
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinobu , Takai Shinro , Arai Yoshiyuki , Yoshino Nobuyuki , Hirasawa Yasusuke 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a non‐destructive method for monitoring fracture healing with acoustic emission (AE). Experimentally produced fractures of the rat femur were tested in tension and in torsion at 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after fracture. AE signals were monitored during these mechanical tests. The values for load and torque at the initiation of the AE signal were defined as new mechanical parameters. The apparent density and ash density of the fracture site were also measured at each time period. Tensile strength, tensile stiffness, maximum torque and torsional stiffness of the fracture site increased with time. The AE signal was detected before complete specimen failure. Load and torque for initiation of AE increased proportionally with increasing mechanical properties. The mineral density, however, reached a plateau at 8 weeks, when callus mechanical strength was approximately 50% of control. Load for initiation of AE was strongly correlated with the strength (r = 0.98), stiffness (r = 0.88), and failure strain (r = –0.63) of the callus. Torque for initiation of AE was highly correlated with the maximum torque (r = 0.95) and torsional stiffness (r = 0.93) of the callus. The findings of the present study indicated that some mechanical properties of healing fractures could be estimated by monitoring AE signals. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nosological validity of dysthymia. Part II: familial, comorbidity, biological and psychological data
Authors: Waintraub L , Guelfi JD 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIf some recent studies seem to reveal a more specific familial relationship for dysthymia in addition to a previously known familial relationship to mood disorders, and if results concerning the relationship between dysthymia and depressive personality as well as the search for possible biological and psychological correlates support the nosological validity of dysthymia, comorbidity studies raise difficult questions. Both comorbidity studies with Axis I and Axis II disorders challenge the validity of dysthymia, but as well they question the categorical model presently in use more than the validity of a definite category.However, there are now enough data confirming some of the hypotheses implied by the nosological construct of dysthymia inside this model for this category not to be discarded. For instance, dysthymia is definitely not a personality disorder, and appears also distinct from major depression. The problem of the complex nature of the relationship between dysthymia and major depression still remains unsolved.
Altered balance between matrix gelatinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) and their tissue inhibitors in human dilated cardiomyopathy: potential role of MMP‐9 in myosin‐heavy chain degradation
Authors: Rouet‐Benzineb Patricia , Buhler Jean‐Marie , Dreyfus Patrick , Delcourt Annick , Dorent Richard , Perennec Jeannine , Crozatier Bertrand , Harf Alain , Lafuma Chantal 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:End‐stage of human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by myocyte loss and fibrosis, and associated with ventricular dilatation and reduced cardiac function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have been involved in the myocardial remodeling.Aims:To evaluate the potential role of matrix gelatinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) in DCM, the balance between gelatinases and TIMPs and the gelatinase localization were investigated in left free wall ventricles from six normal donors and six patients with DCM at the transplantation time.Methods:TIMP‐(1, 2, 3 and 4) mRNAs were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). TIMP‐1 and ‐2 protein content was assessed by ELISA. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression were examined by zymography and immunological techniques.Results:All TIMPs were down‐regulated in DCM hearts, especially TIMP‐1 (reduced by 80%). Gel zymography revealed similar activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in both tissues. By in situ zymography and immunohistochemistry, active and immunoreactive gelatinases were pericardiomyocyte in control hearts and intracardiomyocyte in DCM hearts. Intracellular MMPs were associated with sarcomeric structure in DCM. To estimate a putative role of these gelatinases, several sarcomeric contractile proteins were digested in vitro by purified active MMP‐9. Only myosin‐heavy chain was cleaved in vitro giving 180‐, 120‐, 80‐ and 20‐kDa proteolytic fragments. In vivo, two major myosin‐heavy chain proteolytic fragments (80 and 20 kDa) were detected by specific monoclonal antibody against myosin‐heavy chain in DCM left ventricular homogenates, only.Conclusions:Taken together, these data highly suggest that MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 may be involved in the disorganization of the contractile apparatus in DCM hearts.
Molecular Evolution: Rates
Authors: Bromham Lindell 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rate of molecular evolution varies dramatically between taxa, for example some viruses have a rate of genome evolution a million times faster than mammals. Although some rate variation may be due to random fluctuations or locus‐specific effects, studies have revealed strong and predictable patterns in the differences in the rate of molecular evolution between species. In particular, large, long‐lived organisms with low reproductive output tend to have slower rates of molecular evolution than related species with shorter lives, faster generations or higher fecundity. Studies of the variation in the rate of molecular evolution between species may reveal the mechanisms underlying these differences and can inform analyses that seek to derive information on evolutionary history and processes from molecular data.Key ConceptsThe number of genetic differences between lineages increases with the time since their last common ancestor, but differences do not accrue in the same rate in all lineages.Variation in the rate of molecular evolution can be compared between species by comparing absolute rates, derived from genome sequences of related individuals, or estimated by comparing sequences between different species where the age of the divergence is known.A more common approach is to compare the relative rate differences between species by comparing the number of sequence changes that have accumulated since they last shared a common ancestor or inferring branch lengths along a phylogeny.Mutation rate varies between species, and selection can influence the mutation rate by adjusting the balance between the competing costs of DNA repair and mutation.Many mutations arise from DNA replication errors, so mutation rate can be influenced by the number of times DNA is copied per unit time.Rates of molecular evolution in many taxa scale with body size, possibly because smaller bodied taxa go through more genome replications per unit time, a hypothesis referred to as the generation time effect.Natural selection might play a role in fine‐tuning mutation rates to fit different life history strategies, for example reducing mutation rates in large, long‐lived organisms.
How do people perceive the relationship between science and religion? The roles of epistemic and ontological cognition
Authors: Marin Pinja , Lindeman Marjaana 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAlthough the relationship between religion and science has long been the subject of discussion, investigations into the how and why of people's science‐religion perspectives are rare. This study examined how epistemic and ontological cognition predict agreement with four science‐religion perspectives: conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration. Participants (N = 3911) were Finnish, Danish, and Dutch adults who had answered an online study. Most people held views that were not well captured by the commonly used four categories. When more specific perspectives were examined, differences were found especially in supernatural beliefs, over‐mentalizing, and justifications for religious arguments and scientific knowledge. Thinking styles and epistemic sophistication played only a minor role. The results suggest that non‐scientists evaluate the relationship between religion and science more based on their ontological beliefs than their epistemic reflection.
Reshaping Antitumor Immunity with Chemo‐Photothermal Integrated Nanoplatform to Augment Checkpoint Blockade‐Based Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gao Tong , Zhang Zipeng , Liang Shuang , Fu Shunli , Mu Weiwei , Guan Li , Liu Yang , Chu Qihui , Fang Yuxiao , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint therapy promotes cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity to eliminate tumors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in solid tumors is limited by inadequate infiltration of CTLs and suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, an anti‐PD‐1 antibody coupled chemo‐photothermal integrated nanoplatform (A/Au@MSMs‐P) is proposed to reshape antitumor immunity against cancer. The matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) responsive A/Au@MSMs‐P promotes the separation of abemaciclib‐loaded gold‐silica nanoparticles (A/Au@MSMs) and anti‐PD‐1 antibody, achieving a triple‐coordinated strategy to enhance checkpoint blockade therapy. First, chemo‐photothermal therapy of A/Au@MSMs induces cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and promotes tumor cells apoptosis to achieve local ablation. Second, immunogenic death of tumor cells promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and recruits antigen‐specific CTLs into tumor tissue to promote immune activation. Third, abemaciclib markedly suppresses the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to alleviate the immunosuppression of the TME and potentiates the effectiveness of CTLs. This triple‐coordinated strategy not only reshapes the antitumor immunity to enhance checkpoint blockade, but also cooperates with chemo‐photothermal therapy, leading to improved antitumor efficiency and prolonged survival rate. Taken together, this study presents a promising strategy for improving checkpoint therapy response and has great potential in future cancer therapy.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of High‐Quality Few‐Layer Antimonene Hexagons
Authors: Torres Iñigo , Alcaraz Marta , Sanchis‐Gual Roger , Carrasco Jose A. , Fickert Michael , Assebban Mhamed , Gibaja Carlos , Dolle Christian , Aldave Diego A. , Gómez‐Navarro Cristina , Salagre Elena , García Michel Enrique , Varela María , Gómez‐Herrero Julio , Abellán Gonzalo , Zamora Félix 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2D materials show outstanding properties that can bring many applications in different technological fields. However, their uses are still limited by production methods. In this context, antimonene is recently suggested as a new 2D material to fabricate different (opto)electronic devices, among other potential applications. This work focuses on optimizing the synthetic parameters to produce high‐quality antimonene hexagons and their implementation in a large‐scale manufacturing procedure. By means of a continuous‐flow synthesis, few‐layer antimonene hexagons with ultra‐large lateral dimensions (up to several microns) and a few nanometers thick are isolated. The suitable chemical post‐treatment of these nanolayers with chloroform gives rise to antimonene surfaces showing low oxidation that can be easily contacted with microelectrodes. Therefore, the reported procedure offers a way to solve two critical problems for using antimonene in many applications: large‐scale preparation of high‐quality antimonene and the ability to set electrical contacts useful for device fabrication.
Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Advanced Soft Sensors and Actuators: From Architecture to Function
Authors: Zhao Wenyu , Wang Ziya , Zhang Jianpeng , Wang Xiaopu , Xu Yingtian , Ding Ning , Peng Zhengchun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFabrication and assembly of flexible sensors and soft actuators play important roles in improving the performance of wearable electronics and soft robots. Traditional manufacturing techniques have limitations in controlling the geometry and architecture of many soft actuation and sensing systems, which compromise their performance as well as applications. With the emergence of 3D printing, directly transforming 3D models into real objects becomes possible. In particular, vat photopolymerization techniques, represented by stereolithography, are capable of printing all‐in‐one and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices with fast speed and high accuracy. Novel polymer formulations, including functional resins, hydrogels, elastomers, polymer blends, composites, and biological materials, have been developed for vat photopolymerization 3D printing to produce highly stable architectures, which prompts a remarkable revolution in mechanics and materials for soft electronics. This review looks into the recent developments of vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology for lightweight engineering, personalized electronics, and soft robots.