bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Broglie – Bohm Theorem in an underlying structure of Space and Spacetime
Authors: Yasmineh Salim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of simultaneity is relative in special relativity whereas, it seems to have a definite meaning in quantum mechanics. On the other hand, theory and experiments in quantum mechanics have revealed the existence of non-local causal relations. We propose to use the invariant space-time interval introduced by special relativity as a benchmark for constructing a spacetime framework presenting a notion of an invariant time. We suggest that a physical system creates a non-local field within the spacetime framework and that the wavefunction of the physical system is an ontological entity that represents this non-local field. We propose to explain measurement and entanglement by using de Broglie Bohm theory in the context of the constructed spacetime framework.
Agricultural Management Practices Influence the Soil Enzyme Activity and Bacterial Community Structure in Tea Plantations
Authors: Chen Yu-Pei , Tsai Chai-Fang , Rekha PD , Ghate Sudeep , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Hsu Yi-Han , Liaw Li-Ling , Young Chiu-Chung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The soil quality and health of the tea plantations are dependent on the agriculture management practices, and long-term chemical fertilizer use is implicated in soil decline. Hence, several sustainable practices are used to improve and maintain the soil quality. Here, in this study, changes in soil properties, enzymatic activity, and dysbiosis in bacterial community composition were compared using three agricultural management practices, namely conventional (CA), sustainable (SA) and transformational agriculture (TA) in the tea plantation during 2016 and 2017 period. Soil samples at two-months intervals were collected and analyzed.
Results

The results of the enzyme activities revealed that acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities differed considerably among the soils representing the three management practices. Combining the redundancy and multiple regression analysis, the change in the arylsulfatase activity was explained by soil pH as a significant predictor in the SA soils. The soil bacterial community was predominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes in the soil throughout the sampling period. Higher Alpha diversity scores indicated increased bacterial abundance and diversity in the SA soils. A significant relationship between bacterial richness indices (SOBS, Chao and ACE) and soil pH, K and P was observed in the SA soils. The diversity indices namely Shannon and Simpson also showed variations, suggesting the shift in the diversity of less abundant and more common species. Furthermore, the agricultural management practices, soil pH fluctuation and the extractable elements had a greater influence on bacterial structure than that of temporal change.
Conclusions

Based on the cross-over analysis of bacterial composition, enzymatic activity and the soil properties, the relationship between bacterial composition and biologically-driven ecological processes can identified as indicators of sustainability for the tea plantation.
Genome Wide Identification, Classification and Functional Characterization&nbsp;of IQD Gene Family in Diploid and Tetraploid Cotton (Gossypium)
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Peng Zhen , Li Hongge , Qin Guangyong , Jia Yinhua , Pan Zhaoe , He Shoupu , Qayyum Abdul , Du Xiongming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
AimsCalmodulin (CaM) is considered as the most significant Ca+ signaling messenger that mediate various biochemical and physiological reactions. Whereas the calcium level can by provoked by extracellular or intracellular stimuli. CaM is activated by calcium binding proteins (CaMBPs) to regulate physiology of the cell. IQ domain (IQD) proteins are plant specific CML/CaM calcium binding which are characterized by domains of 67 amino acids. MethodsHerein, we accomplished a genome wide comparison and analysis of IQD gene family with in two diploid and tetraploid cotton species. Conserved motifs, gene structure, chromosomal map, evolutionary tree, Ka/Ks distribution, promotor analysis, venn diagram for orthologues genes, and collinearity analysis within genome and between genomes of IQD gene family in four cotton species were performed first time. Expression analysis was performed in four species of cotton from SRA database of NCBI.Results293 nonredundant IQD genes were identified from G. arboreum (A2), G. raimondii (D5), G. barbadense (AD2) and G. hirsutum (AD1) and clustered in the reference genomes from cotton functional genomics database. 50, 50, 94, and 99 IQD genes were detected from G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum respectively. IQD gene family in four species of cotton elucidated the role of allopolyploid and hybridization during evolutionary cascade of allotetraploid cotton. Comparatively, existence of more orthologous genes in cotton species than Arabidopsis, advocated that polyploidization produced new cotton specific orthologous gene clusters. Duplication of gene events depicts that IQD gene family of cotton evolution was under strong purifying selection. G. hirsutum exhibited high level synteny. Expression analysis revealed that GarIQD18, GarIQD25 and GarIQD50 exhibited up regulated expression trend in ovule and fiber in G. arboreum. GarIQD25 also exhibited high expression in stem, root and flower. In G. raimondii, GraIQD03 demonstrated upregulation expression across stem, ovule, fiber and seed. GbaIQD11 and GbaIQD62 exhibited upregulation fiber development in G. barbadense. GhiIQD69 recognized as main candidate genes for plant parts, floral tissues, fiber and ovule development. Promotor analysis identified cis-regulatory elements which are involved in plant defense and stress response mechanisms. ConclusionsOverwhelmingly, present study paves the way to better understand the evolution of cotton IQD genes and lays a foundation for future investigation of IQD genes in improving abiotic stress tolerance in cotton.
Bile Extracellular Vesicles from End-stage Liver Disease Patients Show Altered microRNA Content
Authors: Nakashiki Suguru , Miuma Satoshi , Mishima Hiroyuki , Masumoto Hiroshi , Hidaka Masaaki , Soyama Akihiko , Kanda Yasuko , Fukushima Masanori , Haraguchi Masafumi , Sasaki Ryu , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted attention as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools. Several reports have correlated blood EVs with liver diseases. However, blood EVs do not reflect the liver state as it contains other systemically circulating EVs. Therefore, we focused on bile EVs, which are secreted directly from the liver, for identification of potential biomarkers of liver failure.Methods: Bile samples were collected from liver transplant recipients (n = 21) diagnosed with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and donors (normal liver, NL; n = 18) during transplantation. Bile EVs were extracted using ultracentrifugation.Results: Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that bile EV concentration was significantly higher in recipients than in donors. Among recipients, bile EV concentration was remarkably higher in those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Next-generation sequencing revealed 461 and 465 types of microRNAs (miRNAs) in donor and recipient bile EVs, respectively, with no significant difference in diversity between the groups. Among 43 high-expression miRNAs, the expression of 86.0% of the miRNAs was higher in the bile EVs of recipients than in those of donors. Quantitative PCR validation showed that the levels of miR-17, miR-92a, miR-25, miR-423, and miR-451a significantly increased in bile EVs of recipients. Levels of miR-17 were remarkably higher in recipients with alcoholic ESLD. Conclusions: Secretion of EVs into the bile and their miRNA content increase in the ESLD state. Additionally, miRNA levels in bile EVs are not correlated with those in serum EVs. Bile EVs could be promising novel biomarkers for liver diseases.
Barriers and Facilitators on the HIV Care Continuum: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kim Gwang Suk , Kim Youngin , Park Minkyung , Lee SangA , Lee Youngjin , Shim Mi-So 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: As the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases with the advancements in antiretroviral treatment, the continuity of long-term therapy and health care for PLHIV has gained more importance. However, the estimated proportion of PLHIV who have access to treatment or who are virally suppressed is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to build strategies to improve treatment continuity by identifying the barriers and facilitators that affect the HIV care continuum. To enable this, we will conduct a scoping review to explore the barriers and facilitators on the care continuum for PLHIV.Methods: Based on the scoping review framework, the research questions will identify the factors affecting the care continuum of PLHIV, supported by a literature search we will conduct on the databases of MEDLINE, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and Cochrane library. Additionally, we will review guidelines and policies on HIV care published by organizations related to HIV infection to ascertain the barriers and facilitators in the continuity of care. Four researchers will screen articles for inclusion and subsequently build a charting form and collate the data to provide results.Discussion: The results of this scoping review will provide comprehensive evidence for influencing factors to be considered in the care continuum of PLHIV. Importantly, the results will provide insight for health care providers and researchers to develop interventions and research the continuity in caring for PLHIV.
1.5-W 520 nm Continuous-wave Output from a 50μm/0.22NA Fiber-Coupled Laser Diode Module
Authors: Lou Bojie , Ding Bing , Miao Zhangwang , Zhao Pengfei , Yu Haijuan , Lin Xuechun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a high brightness fiber-coupled module with a central wavelength of 520nm is simulated and designed by ray-tracing software ZEMAX, and then is experimentally implemented. Three 1-w continuous-wave green LD single emitters based on TO-9-package are successively collimated, spatially combined, and focused into an optical fiber with a core diameter of 50 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.22. The final output power of 1.53w is obtained, corresponding to an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 51% and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 10%, and the tolerance between the simulation and the experimental result is analyzed and explained.
Active Manipulation of Fano Resonance&nbsp;at Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths in Metal Plasmonic Nanodevices Using Graphene
Authors: Wan Yuan , Lyu Jing , Zhang Xinyu , Meng Zhaozhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Active manipulation of Fano resonance at visible and near-IR wavelengths in metal nanodevices is one of the important challenges for applications such as chemical and biological sensing. Here, we theoretically research an active manipulation of Fano resonance at visible and near-IR wavelengths in gold plasmonic nanodevices with graphene. The surface plasmon resonance of the gold plasmonic nanodevice with graphene has three resonance peaks, and this can be explained by the distribution of the electric field in the nanodevice. The Fano resonance wavelength of the gold plasmonic nanodevice with graphene has a significant blue-shift compared with the gold nanodevices without graphene. Moreover, the Fano resonance dependens on the length and position of Au nanorods and the environment refractive index. The figure of merit of the gold nanodevice with graphene can be as high as 41.3, which makes the system suitable for high sensitivity applications. Finally, we actively manipulate the absorption spectrum and the reflected light phase through changing the Fermi energy of graphene. These results suggest an original method for the design of an actively manipulated Fano resonance nanodevice.
Urban Development Types in Cities: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Sankalp Sovan , Sahoo Sanat Nalini 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research outlines the estimation of comprehensive urban development intensity (CDI) and comprehensive eco-environment stresses (CES) along with a comparative evaluation of CDI and CES in the form of a coupling degree (CD) model. A statistical analysis of twelve Indian cities was considered to gather data, which would help generalize the correlation between urban density and environmental stress. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) identifies land urbanization ratio (LUR), i.e., percentage of impervious area concerning entire area and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) (CODI) discharge per unit area as the principal sub-indices representing CDI and CES respectively for further analysis. In the year 2017, r-value of 0.872 was estimated between CDI and CES using Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation methodology. It was also observed, except Guwahati and Surat, all other cities were loaded with the highest level of urbanization with an immediate effect on proportional intensifying environmental stress. The CD classifications of cities showed most of the cities were designated as high (H) class of urbanization. This research's output showed the environmental status of each city with its growing urbanization and demanded to interrupt the trend of environmental degradation. Such kind of classification of CDI, CES and CD will be beneficial for researchers and urban planners in dealing with cities that will be dwelling as metropolitan territories in days to come.
Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved the Reproductive Function of Age-Related Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Mice Through Ampk/Foxo3a Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Jiang Chunyan , Cao Meng , La Boya , Ning Song , Zhou Jing , Yan Zhengjie , Li Chuyu , Cui Yugui , Ma Xiang , Wang Meilian , Chen Li , Zhang Yuexin , Wu Huimin , Liu Jiayin , Qin Lianju 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAge-related diminished ovarian reserve (AR-DOR) reduced the quality of oocytes, resulting in decreased female fertility. Aging is tightly related to abnormal distribution and function of mitochondria, while mitophagy is a major process to maintain normal quality and quantity of mitochondria in cells, especially in oocytes which containing a large number of mitochondria to meet the demand of energy production during oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development. Ampk/FoxO3a signaling is crucial in the regulation of mitophagy. It is reported Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve ovarian function. Here we aim to explore if human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are effective in improving ovarian function in AR-DOR mice and whether Ampk/FoxO3a signaling is involved. MethodsThe AR-DOR model mice were established by 32-week-old mice with 3-8 litters, significantly low serum sex hormone levels and follicle counts. The old mice were divided into 5 treatment groups: normal saline (NS, control), 1% human serum albumin (HSA, resolver), low-dose (LD, 5.0×106cells/kg), middle-dose (MD, 7.5×106cells/kg) and high-dose (HD, 10.0×106cells/kg). The prepared hAMSCs were injected through tail vein. Serum sex hormone level, follicle counts, fertilization rate, gestation rate, little size, apoptosis of granulosa and stromal cells, expression level of Sod2, Ampk, and ratio of phosphorylated FoxO3a to total FoxO3a in ovaries were examined. ResultsOur results show that after hAMSC transplantation, the ovarian function in AR-DOR mice was significantly improved, meanwhile the apoptosis of granulosa and stromal cells in the ovaries was significantly repressed, the expression level of Ampk and the ratio of phosphorylated FoxO3a to total FoxO3a both were significantly increased, meanwhile increased Sod2 expression was also observed.Conclusion﻿Our results demonstrate hAMSCs transplantation via tail-injection can improve ovarian function of AR-DOR mice through Ampk/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
Psychosocial Factors at Work and Menstrual Disorders: a Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hidaka Yui , Ando Emiko , Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Tsuno Kanami , Komase Yu , Iida Mako , Otsuka Yasumasa , Sakuraya Asuka , Asai Yumi , Iwanaga Mai , Kobayashi Yuka , Inoue Reiko , Shimazu Akihito , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Kawakami Norito 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Menstrual abnormalities, such as menstrual cycle disorders or related symptoms (e.g., pelvic pain, premenstrual syndrome [PMS], menopausal symptoms), affect female workers’ quality of life and work capacity. The fertility of female workers is also a worldwide concern. However, the association between psychosocial factors at work and menstrual abnormalities or fertility is not well understood. To address this relationship, we will conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature that has utilized a longitudinal or prospective cohort design.Methods and analysis: The inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis are defined as follows: (P) Adult female workers (over 18 years old), (E) Presence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, (C) Absence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, and (O) Any menstrual cycle disorders, menstrual-related symptoms, or fertility. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society electronic databases will be used to search for published studies. The statistical synthesis of the studies included in the meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate pooled coefficients and 95% CIs. We will use the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) to determine the quality of selected studies. To assess meta-bias, Egger’s test, along with a funnel plot, will be used to check for publication bias. Lastly, we will examine heterogeneity using the χ² test with Cochran’s Q statistic and I2.Ethics and dissemination: The results and findings will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated broadly to researchers and policymakers interested in the translatability of scientific evidence into good practices.Trial registration: The study protocol was registered at the UMIN registry (registration number: UMIN000039488). The registration date is 14th Feb 2020.URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000044704
Theoretical atomic radii of elements (H-Cm): A non-relativistic study with Gaussian basis set using HF, post-HF and DFT methods
Authors: Prasanna Krishnamohan G. , Sunil Sooraj , Kumar Ajith , Joseph James T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We calculated the most probable radius of an atom for elements from H to Cm. The calculations were carried out by using non-relativistic, spin polarized, HF, MP2 and DFT methods with all electron Gaussian basis set. Periodicity of atomic radii was correlated with the experimental first ionization energies. This non-relativistic atomic radii were also compared with other theoretical atomic radii. With respect to the Dirac-Slater data, our values were in good agreement with the elements up to Sn. Relationship with van der Waals radii of noble gases was discussed. Anomalous properties of Gd and Pd were examined. Linearity of lanthanide contraction of elements with 4f electrons is illustrated. This linearity is found independent of the extent of electron correlation.
Decades of Internet of Things towards 21st Century: A Research-Based Introspective
Authors: BOOBALAKRISHNAN NAGAJAYANTHI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Internet connects people to people, people to machine, and machine to machine for a life of serendipity through a Cloud. Internet of Things networks objects or people and integrates them with software to collect and exchange data. The Internet of things (IoT) influences our lives based on how we ruminate, respond, and anticipate. IoT 2020 heralds from the fringes to the data ecosystem and panaches a comfort zone. IoT is overwhelmingly embraced by businessmen and consumers due to increased productivity and convenience. Internet of Things facilitates intelligent device control with cloud vendors like Amazon and Google using artificial intelligence for data analytics, and with digital assistants like Alexa and Siri providing a voice user interface. Smart IoT is all about duplex connecting, processing, and implementing. With 5G, lightning faster rate of streaming analytics is realistic. An amalgamation of technologies has led to this techno-industrial IoT revolution. Centralized IoT architecture is vulnerable to cyber-attacks. With Block Chain, it is possible to maintain transparency and security of the transaction's data. Standardization of IoT devices is achievable with limited vendors based on Platform, Connectivity, and Application. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) using bots has automated laborious tasks in 2019. Embedded Internet using Facial Recognition could reduce the pandemic crisis. Security concerns are addressed with micro-segmentation approaches. IoT, an incredible vision of the future makes systems adaptive with customized features, responsive with increased efficiency, and procurable with optimized cost. This paper delivers a comprehensive insight into the technical perspectives of IoT, focusing on interoperability, flexibility, scalability, mobility, security, transparency, standardization, and low energy.
A hybrid Meta-heuristic solution for Energy-Efficient routing in Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Network&nbsp;
Authors: MISHRA POOJA , KUMAR NEETESH , GODFREY W WILFRED 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been adopted as an emerging networking paradigm within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). SDN enables WSNs with self-configuration and programmable control to dynamically and efficiently manage the network functionalities. Generally, in WSN, smart sensing devices suffer from the low battery issue and they may be deployed in such environments where frequent recharge is not possible after the deployment. Therefore, this work focuses on energy-efficient routing problem considering Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SD-WSN) architecture. In SD-WSN, Control Server (CS) assigns the tasks to selected Control Nodes (CNs) dynamically. Thus, the CNs' selection process is developed as one optimization (NP-Hard) problem to make the network functional. To solve this problem effectively, a nature-inspired algorithm i.e., Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is hybridized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to improve its convergence and overall performance. This hybrid variant of GWO is dedicated to offering a Balanced clustering (BC) based routing protocol, this variant is referred to as HGWO-BC. Further, to solve the problem effectively, a fitness function is designed that considers several parameters e.g., intracluster distance, CS to CNs distance, nodes' residual energy, and cluster size. Thus, the proposed approach performs balanced, energy-efficient, and scalable clustering and prolongs the network life-time. To verify its effectiveness, an exhaustive simulation study is done. Comparative results show that the HGWO-BC approach outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches concerning network life-time, residual energy, network throughput, and convergence rate.