bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videolaringoscopía para intubación pediátrica, en comparación con la intubación orotraqueal clásica.
Authors: Palacios Alvear Juan Patricio , Pacheco Bacuilima Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Un aspecto relevante en anestesia pediátrica es el manejo de la vía aérea. Diferencias anatómicas de esta población, hace que sean más susceptibles a dispositivos diseñados para su manejo. La videolaringoscopía mejora la visión panorámica de la glotis. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el uso de la videolaringoscopía con la laringoscopía directa para intubación orotraqueal, en pacientes pediátricos.
Métodos: Con un diseño descriptivo observacional, se estudiaron 276 casos, pacientes de 5 a 17 años, sometidos a cirugía planificada, con anestesia general más intubación orotraqueal. El especialista decidió el dispositivo para manejo. Los datos se transcribieron de los formularios y analizados con el programa SPSS 22.0. El análisis descriptivo se basó en mediana, moda, promedio, valor mínimo, valor máximo. Medidas de dispersión desvío estándar y rango. Se consideró un valor de p ≤ 0.05 como estadísticamente significativo.
Resultados: La edad promedio del estudio fue 9.83 años. Con laringoscopía directa 97.4% se realizó la intubación al primer intento y con videolaringoscopía el 88,4% (P=0.003). En el 94.2% de casos de laringoscopía directa se realizó una intubación exitosa en menos de 10 segundos, con videolaringoscopía fue del 75.2% (P<0.001). Complicaciones se presentaron en el 6.6% de intubaciones con videolaringoscopía versus el 2.6% con laringoscopía convencional (P=0.103). El 56.2% de especialistas prefieren laringoscopía directa para manejar una vía aérea pediátrica sin predictores de dificultad.
Conclusiones: La videolaringoscopía brinda un apoyo adicional en el manejo de la vía aérea de rutina, amerita siempre conocimientos y destrezas previas. La evidencia para avalar una técnica por sobre otra es insuficiente.
Disability Inclusive Public Transport in a City in Perú
Authors: Rojas Karin Ponce 
Published: March 2021

Aims: In Latin America and the Caribbean, a large percentage of the urban and interurban transport service remains inaccessible for citizens with a disability. In Peru, citizens with complex disabilities have been made invisible in the public transport service. The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the management of inclusive urban public transport and the accessibility of persons with disabilities in the city of Trujillo, 2020, and how public management impacts on this group of citizens.
Methodology: A questionnaire was used based on the dimensions of each variable. The variables were: Inclusive urban public transport management composed of 5 dimensions (equipment and services, adapted vehicles, preferential rate, regulatory compliance, state of the roads) and accessibility of people with disabilities, composed of 5 dimensions (physical environment, attitudinal , social activities, mobility, comfort). Spearman's rank correlation was used.
Results: The results allowed identifying that the management of inclusive urban public transport in the city of Trujillo has a predominantly deficient level, and the accessibility of people with disabilities is mainly poor.
Conclusion: A direct and significant relationship was evidenced between the management of inclusive urban public transport and its dimensions (equipment and services, adapted vehicles, preferential rates, regulatory compliance, state of the roads) with the accessibility of people with disabilities in the city of Trujillo.
Correlation between Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Serum Magnesium and Copper Levels in Dhaka City
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Islam Md. Ekramul , Mosaddik Ashik , Islam Md. Saiful , Huda Md. Nazmul , Rahman Md. Quddusur , Begum Firoza , Rahman Sk. Mizanur 
Published: March 2021

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a condition when a newborn has an excessive amount of bilirubin in the blood and is one of the most prevalent problems in neonates. Many studies reported that copper and magnesium play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between the level of magnesium and copper with hyperbilirubinemia.
Methodology: Serum bilirubin was assayed with colorimetric method by the use of diazotized sulfanilic acid reaction. A photometric automated method was used to determine the levels of magnesium and copper in the serum of neonates in both controls group (162) and cases group (220).
Results: In the present study a significantly higher levels of Mg was found in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn infants when compared with control groups (23.67 ±2.33 mg/L versus 19.74 ±2.18 mg/L respectively and p value <0.001 which was significant) and correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and magnesium also significant (p value <0.001). Copper levels was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn infants (0.74 ±0.08 mg/L) compared with control groups (0.41 ±0.12 mg/L), where p value was <0.001, which was significant and correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and copper also significant (p value <0.001).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that current study showed the concentrations of magnesium and copper levels were found to be significantly greater than control groups and may have a correlation with neonatal jaundice.
Qualitative Assessment of Health Apps: An Emerging Market Study
Authors: Goyal Garima , Sharma Sonika 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Increased usage of health apps has led to need for their quality assessment for safeguarding interest of various stakeholders. This study attempts to undertake qualitative assessment of health apps in an emerging market, India.
Study Design: Health apps were evaluated by the experts and secondary data was used for rating of the health apps. Indian food data base was used for evaluating content accuracy.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, between January 2019 and August 2019.
Methodology: Top 10 health apps, identified from response of 400 users, are assessed qualitatively by expert raters using App Quality Evaluation Questionnaire. Content accuracy in terms of macronutrient measurements is assessed using Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). Relationship between average user ratings and various aspects of qualitative assessment is explored using linear regression.
Results: Majority of the apps performed well in terms of functionality, interactivity, security and aesthetics. Relatively poor performance is observed in terms of accountability, behavior change techniques and scientific coverage. Regression analysis indicate that Functionality (p=0.035) and engagement (p=0.024) features significantly influence user ratings and overshadow scientific coverage and accuracy (p=0.798). MAPE values indicate considerable variations from Indian food data base across the apps especially in terms of protein and energy.
Conclusion: Quality assessment of top 10 health apps, in Indian scenario, indicates that the apps are proficient on functionality. At the same time, the apps fair poorly in terms of scientific content and accountability. There is a pertinent need for statutory regulations as well as voluntary efforts for improving the scientific content. Collaborative efforts of app developers with scientific institutions should be promoted.
The Outcome of Lumber Microdiscectomy
Authors: Ali Chateen Jabbar , Al-Rawi Walid W. , Rasheed Arjan Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common health problem between men and women between 20 and 50. Although most LBP's exact origin remains unknown, it is understood that degenerative damage to the intervertebral disk (IVD) plays a central role in the pathogenic mechanism leading to back pain. The study aims to study the incidence, clinical features, and presentations of the lumbar disc prolapse and clinical outcome of lumbar microdiscectomy for a period of 1 year post operatively.
Methods: 28 male's patient and 22 female patients qualified. The data were obtained by direct interrogation and clinical examination. The information that was taken from the patients includes the patient's age, gender, occupation, and chief complaint, history of present illness, and neurological signs and symptoms. Plain X-ray of the lumbosacral spine obtained for each patient in anteroposterior, lateral view and stress views.
Results: 15 male patients (53.5%) and eight females (36.3%). The most common site for the prolapsed disc was L4-L5 (58%); the next common site was L5-S1 (38%), backache was the most common presenting symptoms. It presents in all 50 patients (100%). Sciatica present in 45 patients (90%), in 13 patients the radiation of the pain was to the right leg, whereas 26 patients have radiation of pain to the left leg and six patients have bilateral radiation, 45 patients (90%) of total 50 patients complaint from backache recovered,36 patients (86.7%) of real 45 patients compliant from sciatica improved, paresthesia represented in 32 patients (64%) and 28 patients (87.5%) of them recovered, whereas 16 patients (32%) had motor weakness and 12 patients (75%) recovered. Conclusion: Lumbar microdiscectomy may be associated with a more rapid initial recovery in patients with sciatica; most patients had good outcomes with lumbar microdiscectomy.
Plasma Cyclophilin A as a Novel Biomarker in Chronic Nephropathy
Authors: EL-Fattah Mohy Eldin Abd , El-abaseri Taghrid B. , Mohamed Hegazy Mohamed Abd Elaziz 
Published: March 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of end- stage renal disease. Albuminuria is the foremost commonly utilized marker to anticipate onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) without sufficient affectability and specificity to identify early DN.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate Plasma cyclophilin A (CypA) as a new biomarker for early DN.
Methods: This cross sectional study included 125 Egyptian subjects attending the out Patients Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, 10Th of Ramadan city Health Insurance Hospital and divided into-:control group, patient with diabetic mellitus, patients with Diabetic nephropathy and patient with diabetic nephropathy and other complications. Patients were subjected to measurement of plasma cyclophyline A, FBS, HbAIC, serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, k, Na, serum phosphorus, Albumin:Creatinine Ratio, GFR, Chol, TG, LDL HDL, AST, ALT, T.BIL, D.BIL ALB, TP, GLB and A/G ratio.
Results: Results showed that Cyclophilin A was significantly correlated with duration of DM, CR, Urea, UR.A, Na, phosphorus, ACR, Chol, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, T.BIL, D.BIL. Meanwhile, Cyclophilin A was negatively correlated with HA1C, K, GFR, HDL, ALB, TP, GLB and A/G ratio. At cut-off level ≥84.14, cyclophilin A had 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity for diagnosing diabetic nephropathy.
Conclusion: CypA can be used as an early marker for DN as we found early significant high levels of urinary CypA in diabetic patients with stage 2 DN even before the appearance of albuminuria.
Prevalence, Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Nosocomial Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Stanley Catherine N. , Ekada Inimuvie 
Published: March 2021

Background: Many infections could previously be treated effectively based on the clinicians past clinical experience. The development of resistance to essentially all of the antimicrobial agents currently in use in clinical practice has made this scenario more of the exception than the norm. Selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent has become increasingly more challenging as the clinician has to navigate through the variety of available agents in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The diagnostic laboratory plays very important role in clinical practice. To ensure safe and effective empirical treatment, a surveillance study of the susceptibility pattern of common pathogens and appropriate use of antibiotics is imperative. This current study reports on the prevalence, distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of nosocomial pathogens isolated at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and the effectiveness of the antibiotics commonly prescribed at the hospital in treating these infections.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of specimens received at the Microbiology Laboratory was conducted over a six-month period, from October 2015 to March 2016 using urine, blood and semen specimens respectively. A total of 5,160 samples received and analyzed at the laboratory within the study period were assessed.
Results: Out of the 5160 specimens analyzed, 881(17.07%) were positive for bacteria out of which 691(78.43%), 86(9.76%), 104 (11. 81%) were from urine, blood and semen respectively. Escherichia coli (35.74%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (52.33%) and Staphylococcus aureus (65.4%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens from urine, blood and semen respectively. Wide spread multiple-drug resistance was observed among the organisms. Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. coli isolated from urine were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamycin and ceftriaxone. A review of the pattern of prescribing antibiotics revealed that in the Accidents and Emergency unit, ceftriaxone (34.09%) and metronidazole (30.09%) were most frequently prescribed while in the General Out-Patient Department, metronidazole (19.09%), amoxicillin (16.61%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (9.39%) and ofloxacin (9.39%) were often prescribed. S. aureus was susceptible to only ceftriaxone while K. pneumoniae and E. coli were susceptible only to ofloxacin.
Conclusion: Most of the isolated pathogens were not susceptible to the frequently prescribed antibiotics. Empirical prescribing of antibiotics without current epidemiological data of pathogens in the hospital can only further exacerbate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The need for epidemiological surveillance and rational use of antibiotics in the Hospital is therefore strongly recommended.
Identification of a potential source of error for 6FFF beams delivered on an AgilityTM multileaf collimator
Authors: Lorenz Friedlieb H. , Paris Matthew I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe performance of the AgilityTM multileaf collimator was investigated with a focus on dynamic, small fields for flattening filter free (FFF) beams.MethodsIn this study we have developed a simple tool to test the robustness of the control mechanisms during dynamic beam delivery for Elekta’s VersaHD linear accelerator with Integrity 4.0.4 control software. We have programed the planning system to calculate dose for delivery of sweeping gaps. These sweeping gaps have a constant speed, constant size, and are delivered at a constant dose rate. Therefore they specifically identify delivery problems in dynamic mode.ResultsThe Elekta AgilityTM control mechanism fails to maintain accurate delivery for small, dynamic sweeping gaps. For small gap sizes, the AgilityTM control mechanism delivers a field that is more than four times the size of the planned field width without generating an interlock. This has dosimetric implications: The discrepancy between calculated and measured doses increases with decreasing gap size and exceeds 10% and 60% at isocenter for a 3.5 mm and 1 mm gap size, respectively.ConclusionA deficiency of the AgilityTM control system was identified in this study. This deficiency is a potential source of error for volumetric modulated arc therapy fields and could therefore contribute to relatively high failure rates in quality assurance measurements, especially for FFF beams.
Emulating Early Atherosclerosis in a Vascular Microphysiological System Using Branched Tissue‐Engineered Blood Vessels
Authors: Lee Jounghyun H. , Chen Zaozao , He Siyu , Zhou Joyce K. , Tsai Alexander , Truskey George A. , Leong Kam W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis begins with the accumulation of cholesterol‐carrying lipoproteins on blood vessel walls and progresses to endothelial cell dysfunction, monocyte adhesion, and foam cell formation. Endothelialized tissue‐engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have previously been fabricated to recapitulate artery functionalities, including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and endothelium activation. Here, the initiation of atherosclerosis is emulated by designing branched TEBVs (brTEBVs) of various geometries treated with enzyme‐modified low‐density‐lipoprotein (eLDL) and TNF‐α to induce endothelial cell dysfunction and adhesion of perfused human monocytes. Locations of monocyte adhesion under pulsatile flow are identified, and the hemodynamics in the brTEBVs are characterized using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Monocyte adhesion is greater at the side outlets than at the main outlets or inlets, and is greatest at larger side outlet branching angles (60° or 80° vs 45°). In PIV experiments, the branched side outlets are identified as atherosclerosis‐prone areas where fluorescent particles show a transient swirling motion following flow pulses; in CFD simulations, side outlets with larger branching angles show higher vorticity magnitude and greater flow disturbance than other areas. These results suggest that the branched TEBVs with eLDL/TNF‐α treatment provide a physiologically relevant model of early atherosclerosis for preclinical studies.
Hollow CeO2@Co2N Nanosheets Derived from Co‐ZIF‐L for Boosting the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jian , He Wenhui , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Öhl Denis , Junqueira João R. C. , Chen Yen‐Ting , Masa Justus , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRational design of highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical to improving overall electrochemical water splitting efficiency. This study suggests hollow CeO2@Co2N nanosheets synthesized using Co‐ZIF‐L as a precursor, followed by a hydrothermal reaction and a nitridation process as very attractive OER catalysts. The increased activity is supposed to be due to nitridation and strong electronic interaction between CeO2 and Co2N that contribute to the formation of active CoOOH phase. The synthesized CeO2@Co2N exhibits low overpotentials of 219 and 345 mV at OER current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm–2, respectively, as well as a long‐term durability of 30 h at a comparatively high current density of 100 mA cm−2.
Printable Graphene–Insulator–Semiconductor (GIS) Heterostructures for Active Control of Infrared Q‐Switched Laser
Authors: Dai Tengfei , Chang Jianhua , Li Hongxu , Chen Sian , Liu Haiyang , Xia Youlin , Peng Zheng , Tao Zhi , Hu Hai , Liu Xiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D materials have recently attracted extensive attention in solid‐state laser devices due to the improvement of their beam quality and service life. However, most conventional devices suffer from the fixed saturable absorption properties of certain 2D materials and are confined to the determined operation state. Herein, on‐chip electrically tunable infrared laser signals are realized by introducing a novel 2D nanomesh saturable absorber (SA) interaction layer without other tuning elements based on printable graphene–insulator–semiconductor (GIS) heterostructures. The pulse width can be highly controllable ranging from 1 µs to 360 ns under ultralow electrical modulation power (≈10 pA current and <0.5 nW power), thanks to the high conductivity and tunability of graphene. Furthermore, the precise regulation mechanism of the Fermi level of graphene by the heterostructures is comprehensively explored through opto‐electrical characterization with spectroscopic methods. The GIS device introduces a promising way to achieve actively controlled solid‐state optoelectronic and nonlinear photonic devices in the future.
Selective Endothelial Hyperactivation of Oncogenic KRAS Induces Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Mice
Authors: Park Eun S. , Kim Sehee , Huang Shuning , Yoo Ji Young , Körbelin Jakob , Lee Tae Jin , Kaur Balveen , Dash Pramod K. , Chen Peng R. , Kim Eunhee 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveBrain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke and neurological deficits in children and young adults, however, no pharmacological intervention is available to treat these patients. Although more than 95% of bAVMs are sporadic without family history, the pathogenesis of sporadic bAVMs is largely unknown, which may account for the lack of therapeutic options. KRAS mutations are frequently observed in cancer, and a recent unprecedented finding of these mutations in human sporadic bAVMs offers a new direction in the bAVM research. Using a novel adeno‐associated virus targeting brain endothelium (AAV‐BR1), the current study tested if endothelial KRASG12V mutation induces sporadic bAVMs in mice.MethodsFive‐week‐old mice were systemically injected with either AAV‐BR1‐GFP or ‐KRASG12V. At 8 weeks after the AAV injection, bAVM formation and characteristics were addressed by histological and molecular analyses. The effect of MEK/ERK inhibition on KRASG12V‐induced bAVMs was determined by treatment of trametinib, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved MEK/ERK inhibitor.ResultsThe viral‐mediated KRASG12V overexpression induced bAVMs, which were composed of a tangled nidus mirroring the distinctive morphology of human bAVMs. The bAVMs were accompanied by focal angiogenesis, intracerebral hemorrhages, altered vascular constituents, neuroinflammation, and impaired sensory/cognitive/motor functions. Finally, we confirmed that bAVM growth was inhibited by trametinib treatment.InterpretationOur innovative approach using AAV‐BR1 confirms that KRAS mutations promote bAVM development via the MEK/ERK pathway, and provides a novel preclinical mouse model of bAVMs which will be useful to develop a therapeutic strategy for patients with bAVM. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:926–941
Development of a Pteris vittata L. compound database by widely targeted metabolomics profiling
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kieu‐Oanh , Nguyen Ngoc‐Lien , Pham Hoang‐Nam , Sawada Yuji , Hirai Masami Yokota , Dauwe Rebecca , Dijoux‐Franca Marie‐Geneviève 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work was the development of a detailed, extensive and reliable database of the metabolomes of P. vittata. Using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry system (UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS) and based on the knowledge of retention time and mass spectral characteristics of an in‐house collection of authentic standards, we screened for the presence of a large collection of natural compounds. The database represents 359 authenticated metabolites, comprising 220 primary and 139 secondary metabolites (70 flavonoids, 16 phenylpropanoic acid derivatives, five coumarins, two stilbenoids, 14 benzoic acids, nine phenols, 20 alkaloids and three terpenoids). Comparison of the accumulation of these compounds in two tissues showed that the aerial parts were enriched in flavonols, whereas the subterranean parts were enriched in anthocyanins. The comprehensive database developed here will be beneficial in improving the understanding of the chemical basis of plant therapeutic profile using multivariate analysis, with a particular example of antioxidant activity.