bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Rumors on a Closed Social Networking Platform During COVID-19: Algorithm Development and Content Study
Authors: Wang Andrea W , Lan Jo-Yu , Wang Ming-Hung , Yu Chihhao 
Published: September 2021

Background
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic put the world in a crisis regarding both physical and psychological health. Simultaneously, a myriad of unverified information flowed on social media and online outlets. The situation was so severe that the World Health Organization identified it as an infodemic in February 2020.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the propagation patterns and textual transformation of COVID-19–related rumors on a closed social media platform.

Methods
We obtained a data set of suspicious text messages collected on Taiwan’s most popular instant messaging platform, LINE, between January and July 2020. We proposed a classification-based clustering algorithm that could efficiently cluster messages into groups, with each group representing a rumor. For ease of understanding, a group is referred to as a “rumor group.” Messages in a rumor group could be identical or could have limited textual differences between them. Therefore, each message in a rumor group is a form of the rumor.

Results
A total of 936 rumor groups with at least 10 messages each were discovered among 114,124 text messages collected from LINE. Among 936 rumors, 396 (42.3%) were related to COVID-19. Of the 396 COVID-19–related rumors, 134 (33.8%) had been fact-checked by the International Fact-Checking Network–certified agencies in Taiwan and determined to be false or misleading. By studying the prevalence of simplified Chinese characters or phrases in the messages that originated in China, we found that COVID-19–related messages, compared to non–COVID-19–related messages, were more likely to have been written by non-Taiwanese users. The association was statistically significant, with P<.001, as determined by the chi-square independence test. The qualitative investigations of the three most popular COVID-19 rumors revealed that key authoritative figures, mostly medical personnel, were often misquoted in the messages. In addition, these rumors resurfaced multiple times after being fact-checked, usually preceded by major societal events or textual transformations.

Conclusions
To fight the infodemic, it is crucial that we first understand why and how a rumor becomes popular. While social media has given rise to an unprecedented number of unverified rumors, it also provides a unique opportunity for us to study the propagation of rumors and their interactions with society. Therefore, we must put more effort into these areas.
Infleksi dan Derivasi dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Bagiya Bagiya 
Published: September 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan masalah inflkesi dan derivasi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui kaidah-kaidah infleksi dan derivasi dalam bahasa Indonesia itu, perlu adanya seperangkat data yang mencukupi untuk pembuktiannya berdasarkan teori yang ada. Dalam makalah ini akan dikaji verba dalam bahasa Indonesia diharapkan dapat diketahui sejauh mana konsep infleksi dan derivasi itu dapat diterapkan, sehingga dapat ditemukan kaidah-kaidahya. Secara teoretis membuktikan bahwa bahasa Indonesia memang berbeda keserumpunannya dengan bahasa-bahasa Endo Eropa yang telah dijadikan dasar analisis para ahli bahasa. Maka dari itu, perlu diperhatikan data-data bahasa Indonesia yang menyangkut masalah infleksi dan derivasi tersebut.
Penerapan Kaidah Berbahasa dalam Percakapan Berbahasa Indonesia
Authors: Fakhrudin Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Kaidah berbahasa yang diterapkan dalam percakapan berbahasa Indonesia terdiri atas kaidah linguistis, kaidah sosiolinguistis, kaidah pragmatis, dan kaidah psikolinguistis, tetapi penerapannya berkaitan dengan komponen percakapan, yang di antaranya adalah (1) partisipan, (2) maksud, dan (3) instrumen. Partisipan yang bersikap tidak formal dan mempunyai hubungan akrab dan hangat, menerapkan kaidah linguistis, tetapi tidak terikat ketat. Sementara itu, partisipan yang bersikap formal, mempunyai hubungan kurang akrab dan kurang hangat, menerapkan kaidah linguistis secara ketat. Lazimnya, secara linguistis, bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan oleh partisipan yang demikian memiliki ciri kebakuan fonologis, morfologis, struktur sintaktis, dan semantis, bahkan kewacanaan. Dalam percakapan berbahasa Indonesia, prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesantunan juga diterapkan. Bertindak tutur tidak langsung merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan oleh partisipan untuk menyampaikan maksud secara santun. Dalam hal tertentu, ada perbedaan kaidah yang diterapkan dalam percakapan bersemuka dari percakapan melalui telepon. Ada tuturan yang khusus hanya digunakan untuk membuka dan/menutup percakapan bersemuka, tetapi tidak digunakan untuk membuka dan/atau menutup percakapan melalaui telepon. Ada tuturan yang lazim difungsikan untuk melakukan klarifikasi dalam percakapan melalui telepon, tetapi tidak demikian halnya untuk melakukan klarifikasi dalam percakapan bersemuka.
Gender features of professional self-realization of a woman's personality
Authors: Tsekhmister Yaroslav Volodymyrovych , Shestopal Ivanna , Papusha Vladyslav 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to fulfill the gap that exists in the impact of gender differences when it comes to fulfilling one’s potential or “self-realization”. In accordance with the hierarchy of needs concept given by Abraham Maslow this study aims to explore the obstacles that lay in the path of a woman especially in terms of her personality that prevent her from self-realization. The works of notable scientists have been cited to stress the importance of self-realization. Research was conducted using various psychodiagnostic tools such as the 16-factor questionnaire by R. Cattell and the correlation of indicators of personal maturity was found using the methods of Yu.Z. Gilbukh. The results proved the hypothesis that a woman’s personality indeed has an impact on the self-realization of her potential.
kellékszavatosság és jótállás szabályozásának történeti áttekintése
Authors: Bartha-Tóth Martina 
Published: September 2021

A kellékszavatosság és a jótállás a polgári jog klasszikus jogintézményei, és a fogyasztóvédelmi jog területén is kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bírnak. Jelen tanulmány alapvetően ezen jogintézmények magyarországi szabályozási rendszerét tekinti át.
A vizsgálat a 20. század elején kidolgozott, de hatályba nem lépett magánjogi kódextervezetekkel veszi kezdetét, majd a Polgári Törvénykönyvről szóló 1959. évi IV. és 2013. évi V. törvények releváns rendelkezéseit veszi górcső alá, ugyanakkor nem terjed ki az alacsonyabb szintű jogszabályok, például a „kötelező jótállásról” szóló kormányrendeletek rendelkezéseinek vizsgálatára sem.
A tanulmány alapvetően a hazánkban alkalmazott szabályozási modellek sajátosságainak, esetleges hiányosságainak, hibáinak a feltárására koncentrál, illetve igyekszik megtalálni azokat a fordulópontokat, és a fordulópontokhoz kapcsolódó jogpolitikai indokokat, amelyek jelentős változásokat hoztak a jogintézmények életében.
Ezen gondolatmenet alapján a dolgozatban a következő tematika figyelhető meg. Az első nagy szerkezeti elemet az 1900-as, 1913-as és 1928-as magánjogi kódextervezetek ismertetése teszi ki, mely tervezetek jelentős hasonlóságot mutattak a „dolog hiányaiért való felelősség” és a jótállás tekintetében.
Ezt követően az 1959. évi IV. törvény bemutatás következik, mely jogszabály – hosszan fennálló hatálya alatt - mindössze kétszer - 1977-ben és az uniós jogharmonizáció nyomán 2003-ban – esett át a jogintézmények szempontjából lényeges változásokon.
Végezetül a jelenleg hatályos törvénykönyvünk szabályrendszerének áttekintésére kerül sor, mely jogszabály hozott ugyan néhány újdonságot a vizsgált téma szempontjából, ugyanakkor mivel a jogharmonizáció alapját képező uniós jogszabályok a törvénykönyv hatályba lépése előtt nem változtak, így a jogintézmények nagy mértékű, jelentős változásokat igénylő reformja sem volt indokolt.
Alaptörvény XX. cikk alkotmánybírósági gyakorlata, kitekintéssel az ENSZ emberi jogi végrehajtás-ellenőrzés közvetlen alkalmazhatósági indikátorára
Authors: Falusi Bernadett 
Published: September 2021

A tanulmány egy szélesebb körű kutatás részeként, az Alaptörvény XX. cikkében is elismert testi és lelki egészséghez való jog, s kiemelten az egészségügyi ellátás megszervezésével kapcsolatos állami kötelezettségek vonatkozásában készült. Az egészséghez való jogot, mint emberi jogot, napjainkban is fennálló jogérvényesítési dilemmájára tekintettel, többek között a Gazdasági, Szociális és Kulturális Jogok Nemzetközi Egyezségokmánya állami jelentéstételi mechanizmusában a 2009-es évben bevezetett közvetlen alkalmazhatósági indikátor és azzal összefüggő állami visszajelzések alapján vizsgáltam. Az említett indikátort ugyanis hosszabb távon a jogérvényesítés előmozdítására alkalmas kezdeményezésnek tartom abban a folyamatban, amelyet Buza László a nemzetközi jog programjellegű normáinak teljes értékű jogszabályokká alakításaként határozott meg.
Ennek hazai vonatkozásban elengedhetetlen kiegészítőjeként tekinthetünk az Alaptörvény XX. cikk Alkotmánybíróság általi értelmezésére. Ezt az Alaptörvény elfogadásának tíz éves jubileuma mellett egyrészről alátámasztja, hogy a legutóbbi évek gyakorlatáról az államjelentések még nem reflektálnak. Másrészről, a testület által kimondottan, bár az alkotmányossági elbírálás alapját az alaptörvényi rendelkezések képezik, az mégsem zárkózik el feltétlenül a releváns nemzetközi és európai (jog)politikák, megközelítések vizsgálatától sem. Ezért elsőként a közvetlen alkalmazhatóságot és annak alkotmánybírósági gyakorlat által meghatározott akadályait, majd az államjelentések által nem érintett részkérdést tekintettem át.
jogcímes elbirtoklás kérdései
Authors: Máté Tucsek 
Published: September 2021

Jelen dolgozatban a Polgári Törvénykönyben felvázolt új dologi jogintézmény, a jogcímes elbirtoklás egyes aspektusainak bemutatására szándékozom. Ezen fiatal tulajdonszerzési mód a jogalkalmazás és a jogtudomány számára merőben szokatlannak hatott, és a jogalanyok vonatkozásában is novumnak számít. A dologi jog a magánjog legfontosabb, leglényegeseb szabályait tartalmazza, ezért mindig égetően fontos, hogy a jogalkotó, továbbá a jogszabály egzakt célját sikerüljön feltárni a lehető legpontosabb módon, hiszen ez szolgálja a vagyoni forgalom biztonságát, és ez garantálja az egyik legősibb társadalmi intézmény, a tulajdon szabadságát és védelmét. Az elbirtoklás sajátos természeténél fogva mindig jogviták kereszttüzében állt, így a fenti szempontok esetében halmozottan érvényesülnek.
Jelen dolgozat célja, hogy bemutassa a jogcímes elbirtoklás szabályozását, dogmatikai sajátosságait, magyar jogtörténeti előzményével, valamint egy szokatlan külföldi példával párhuzamot vonjon, a bírói gyakorlat egyes releváns mozzanatait megvizsgálja, és kísérletet tegyen egy alternatív szabályozási technika felvázolására.
Epistemic affordances in gestalt perception as well as in emotional facial expressions and gestures
Authors: Schwarzfischer Klaus 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Methodological problems often arise when a special case is confused with the general principle. So you will find affordances only for ‚artifacts’ if you restrict the analysis to ‚artifacts’. The general principle, however, is an ‚invitation character’, which triggers an action. Consequently, an action-theoretical approach known as ‚pragmatic turn’ in cognitive science is recommended. According to this approach, the human being is not a passive-receptive being but actively produces those action effects that open up the world to us (through ‚active inferences’). This ‚ideomotor approach’ focuses on the so-called ‚epistemic actions’, which guide our perception as conscious and unconscious cognitions. Due to ‚embodied cognition’ the own body is assigned an indispensable role. The action theoretical approach of ‚enactive cognition’ enables that every form can be consistently processualized. Thus, each ‚Gestalt’ is understood as the process result of interlocking cognitions of ‚forward modelling’ (which produces anticipations and enables prognoses) and ‚inverse modelling’ (which makes hypotheses about genesis and causality). As can be shown, these cognitions are fed by previous experiences of real interaction, which later changes into a mental trial treatment, which is highly automated and can therefore take place unconsciously. It is now central that every object may have such affordances that call for instrumental or epistemic action. In the simplest case, it is the body and the facial expressions of our counterpart that can be understood as a question and provoke an answer/reaction. Thus, emotion is not only to be understood as expression/output according to the scheme ‚input-processing-output’, but acts itself as a provocative act/input. Consequently, artifacts are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for affordances. Rather, they exist in all areas of cognition—from Enactive Cognition to Social Cognition.
PRIMENA TEHNOLOGIJE INTERNET OF THINGS U POŠTANSKOM SAOBRAĆAJU
Authors: Pupovac Jovana 
Published: September 2021

U ovom rad istražena je mogućnost primene tehnologije “Internet of Things“ u poštasnkom saobraćaju, uz pomoć korišićenja bicikala opremljenih pametnim uređajima, čija je primena predviđena u tri kategorije. Takođe, u radu je opisan pojam i način funkcionisanja koncepta „Internet of Things“, kao i dve ključne komponente ove tehnologije, a to su svakako softver i hardver, odnosno aplikacija i pametni uređaji za zaključavanje i otključavanje bicikla.
Diagnostics of human functional states in priority studies of Russian physiological schools
Authors: Ushakov I. B. , Bogomolov A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Physiologically adequate and up-to-date methods are needed for diagnosing functional states in humans during occupational activities.Intention – Analysis of priority studies of domestic physiological schools in the field of diagnostics of human functional states and identification of priority studies, which are associated with the expected progress in the subject area.Methodology. On the basis of a systematic approach, there were reviewed fundamental studies of Russian physiological schools defining key approaches to the diagnosis of human functional states: from the foundations of the natural science research of human states in the process of activity, laid down by I.M. Sechenov, to the achievements of the modern Russian physiological school, one of the leaders of which is Academician A.D. Nozdrachev.Results and Discussion. The features of physiological diagnostics of functional states are shown, an important role of complex interdisciplinary approaches for solving problems of diagnostics based on the results of physiological studies is emphasized. The emphasis is made on the fact that methods for diagnosing human conditions in the process of activity should be guided by the dominant corresponding to each functional state, and take into account that various functional systems of the body are mobilized to ensure this state, with individually specific degree of their involvement in the formation of a functional state. At the same time, when diagnosing functional states it is necessary to take into account complex impacts of occupational factors and use approaches specific for socio-professional groups with the fullest possible consideration of their occupational tasks.Conclusion. It has been shown that methods for diagnosing functional states require development and improvement based on the results of fundamental physiological research, which determine approaches to the diagnosis of human states in the process of activity.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Fenolik Total Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC)
Authors: Rahmi Azimatur , Afriani Tika , Hevira Linda , Widiawati Wike 
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves. Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L.) is a plant that has the potential as an antioxidant because it contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. In this study, antioxidant activity was tested by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for free radical scavenging activity assay. Evaluation of total phenolic content was tested by using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves possess showed medium antioxidant activity with IC50 valueof 221.821 compare with reference standard ascorbic acid with IC50 value 68.25 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves has a total phenolic content of 161.101 mg GAE/g. This study provided that Blumea balsamifera leaves possess antioxidant.
Shrunken Life: Discourses of the Cryptic and the Miniature in Madagascar
Authors: Sodikoff Genese Marie 
Published: September 2021

As scientists scour remnant habitats and “unmask” cryptic species with DNA barcoding, a boom of species discovery has enchanted the world. In Madagascar, recent discoveries of previously unknown miniature frogs, chameleons, and lemurs often photographed on human fingers or cradled in hands, have captured the public imagination. In this imagery of scale, the giant finger conveys the outsized impact of humanity on Earth, or points to what Susan Stewart (1996, p. 74) calls “a physical world of disorder and disproportion.” Although the phenomenon of insular gigantism and dwarfism has shaped scientific discourses of evolution and extinction since the nineteenth century, recent reportage on “new” miniature and cryptic species reflects a sensibility beyond wistful nostalgia for creatures past. Species miniaturism evolves out of habitat loss, and living minifauna encapsulate the contraction of existential time, all the more pronounced by the effects of climate change. Photographs of cryptic minifauna therefore compel us to reflect on the whole of our losses, while they fuel the impulse to restock the “library of life” at micro-scale.
Book Collections of European Military Libraries of the 18th — 19th Centuries in the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Ryabova Vera I. 
Published: September 2021

It is known that the history of book collections of past centuries’ libraries, including military ones, is tragic: for many reasons, they are often either scattered or preserved in small fragments. Today, when libraries intensively work to digitize their holdings and search out historical book collections, it is very important to identify and attribute books from foreign, as well as from Russian military libraries.For the first time, the article describes the work carried out to identify publications of foreign (and partly Russian) military libraries from the rare books collection of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article considers the publications as a source of information about scientific knowledge (military libraries were aimed to acquaint their readers with the basics of military art and the latest achievements in military science). There is shown that the content of such libraries’ collections did not exclude thematic diversity, targeted to comprehensively form the officer’s personality: professional, moral and cultural. The article examines the books of the 18th—19th centuries from military libraries of Europe, currently stored in the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the book marks in them proving the publications’ belonging to specific military libraries. There is highlighted the importance of book marks for the attribution of collections (and libraries) that existed in the past, but turned out to be scattered. The results obtained show that the publications and book marks of military book collections are a strong and reliable source in studying the history of military affairs, military science, and the history of military libraries, and confirm the need for further serious work with the library’s rare book collection.
“Rumyantsev Readings — 2021”: Traditional Directions of Research and Search for the New Forms of Library Activity
Authors: Ivanova Elena A. 
Published: September 2021

On April 21—23, 2021, the Russian State Library (RSL) hosted the International scientific and practical conference “Rumyantsev Readings”, which is one of the largest annual library events. The conference traditionally raises issues of preserving and studying the world cultural heritage, promotes intercultural interaction. In 2021, it covered a wide range of issues of theory and practice of library science, bibliography science, and bibliology. The participants are specialists of libraries of all levels, from federal to municipal, and various departmental subordination, museums, archives, higher educational institutions and research institutes from 19 regions of Russia, as well as from the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Broadcasting of the meetings, as well as holding a number of sections and round tables both in face-to-face and zoom-conference format, significantly increased the audience coverage. The Rumyantsev Readings attracted the highest number of remote participants (2,427 connections), that determined the relevance of the conference in modern conditions. Three hundred and one participants attended the conference personally.The rich program included a plenary session, 13 round tables, seminars, and sections. The following sections were organised at the Rumyantsev Readings: “Library in the modern world: accessibility in the period of restrictions”; “Information and bibliographic activity: theory and practice”; “Collectors, researchers, curators. Libraries and museums in the context of history”; “Art Publications in the collections of libraries. Creation, existence, study”; “Specialized collections (printed music and maps) in the library holdings”; “Manuscript sources in the collections of libraries”; “Rare books and book monuments”; “Theory and practice of library science”; “Library classification systems”. As part of the pre-session meeting of the 32nd Section on Library Management and Marketing of the Russian Library Association, there was a round table “Social networking activity of libraries: how to record and report (methodological approaches and solutions)”. There were also the following events: a round table a “The Register of book monuments: government database of recording and registration and scientific research resource”, an expert session “Actual problems of formation of digital competencies of learners in the library and information sphere” and a scientific and practical seminar “Actual heritage” devoted to the 150th birth anniversary of L.B. Khavkina. The publishing house of the Russian State Library “Pashkov Dom” has released the conference proceedings.