bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training responsiveness of cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness following moderate‐intensity continuous training and high‐intensity interval training in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Melo X. , Pinto R. , Angarten V. , Coimbra M. , Correia D. , Roque M. , Reis J. , Santos V. , Fernhall B. , Santa‐Clara H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) prompts antiatherogenic adaptations in vascular function and structure. However, there is an extraordinary interindividual variability in response to a standard dose of exercise, wherein a substantial number of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) do not improve CRF. We (1) evaluated the effects of 12‐month of moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF and arterial stiffness and (2) tested whether an additional 3‐month of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) would add to improvements in CRF responsiveness and arterial stiffness.MethodsFifteen adults with mild‐to‐moderate IDD (male adults = 9, 30.1 ± 7.5 years old) met 3 days per week for 30 min MICT for 12 months, after which the incidence of CRF responsiveness was calculated (≥5.0% change in absolute peak VO2). Thereafter, responders and non‐responders started HIIT for 3 months with identical daily training load/frequency. Peak VO2, local and regional indices of arterial stiffness were assessed prior to and after each period.ResultsSixty per cent of the participants were non‐responders following MICT, but the incidence dropped to 20% following HIIT (P = 0.03). Absolute peak VO2 values reached significant difference from pre‐intervention (+0.38 ± 0.08 L min−1, P = 0.001) only when HIIT was added. Lower limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased following MICT (−0.8 ± 1.1 m s−1, P = 0.049), whereas central PWV only decreased following HIIT (−0.8 ± 0.9 m s−1, P = 0.013).ConclusionsCardiorespiratory fitness responsiveness and reductions in PWV to a 12‐month MICT period in adults with IDD improved following a period of HIIT programme inducing higher metabolic stress.
Are you laughing with me or at me? Psychopathic traits and the ability to distinguish between affiliation and dominance laughter cues
Authors: Plate Rista C. , Zhao Sylvia , Katz Chloe , Graber Edie , Daley Grace , Corbett Natalie , All Katherine , Neumann Craig S. , Waller Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveLaughter conveys important information that supports social communication and bonding. Research suggests that unique acoustic properties distinguish laughter that promotes affiliation from laughter that conveys dominance, but little is known about potential individual differences in laughter interpretation or contagion based on these specified social functions of laughter. Psychopathy is associated with both affiliative deficits (e.g., lack of empathy and impaired social bonding) and behaviors that assert social dominance (e.g., manipulativeness). Thus, relationships between psychopathic traits and impaired laughter interpretation or contagion could give insight into etiological pathways to psychopathy.MethodIn two studies conducted with four independent samples (total N = 770), participants categorized laughter clips that varied in the degree of affiliation or dominance conveyed.ResultsParticipants overall drew rich and accurate social inferences from dominant and affiliative laughter and modulated their interest in joining in with laughter based on the type and degree of affiliation and dominance conveyed. However, individuals higher in psychopathic traits failed to distinguish between laughter types and did not modulate their level of engagement based on laughter features.ConclusionsThe results suggest a potential mechanism that underlies the broader social difficulties associated with psychopathic traits.
Experiences and views of carers regarding the physical health care of people with severe mental illness: An integrative thematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Ho Lok‐Lam , Li Yan , Gray Richard , Ho Grace W. K. , Bressington Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

People with severe mental illness (SMI) have high rates of physical illnesses, and carers are core partners in managing their physical health.

Qualitative research on carers' views/experiences of physical health care is limited, and there is no published systematic review that synthesizes the current evidence.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Carers' views from seven articles were synthesised into nine themes and six subthemes describing their perceived facilitators, barriers and roles regarding the physical health care of people with SMI.

Carers' voiced similar concerns to those previously identified by professionals and service users, particularly in relation to poor service access/responsiveness and communication difficulties with healthcare professionals.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses should be aware of the risk of diagnostic overshadowing and ensure they are both responsive and sensitive to carers concerns about the physical health of people with SMI.

It is essential for mental health nurses to actively involve carers in managing physical health, especially in formulating physical healthcare plans and providing clear practical advice/information.

AbstractIntroductionPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have high rates of physical illnesses. Informal carers are core partners in addressing these issues, however research on their views/experiences is limited and there is no systematic review published on the topic.AimThis integrative thematic review explored the experiences and views of carers on physical health care in SMI by synthesizing the existing qualitative research findings.MethodsSix databases were searched from 2000 to 2021. Data were extracted and synthesised using thematic integrative analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist.ResultsFive studies were included. Nine themes were identified conceptualising carers' perceived facilitators, barriers and roles regarding physical health care for people with SMI.DiscussionCarers felt that receiving practical help and a specialised role for mental health nurses would facilitate better physical health care. Lack of coordination/communication and poor service access/responsiveness were common barriers, often compounded by diagnostic overshadowing. Carers are involved in promoting healthy lifestyles, monitoring physical health and supporting access to services.Implications for PracticeMental health nurses should ensure they are responsive to carers' concerns and proactively support them to promote the physical health of people with SMI.
Longitudinal placements for trainee pharmacists: Learning whilst improving patient care
Authors: Kinsey Hannah , Sokhi Jeremy , Christou Maria , Wright David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLongitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) have demonstrated benefits for students' learning and development in medical education globally. The model emphasises importance with respect to continuity and time in the workplace for learners. There is a need to explore how LICs become a viable training model for learners. An amalgamative LIC model was drawn upon to inform the design of a placement for trainee pharmacists on a hospital ward. This study sought to determine the local viability of a longitudinal placement for trainee pharmacists, using communities of practice learning theory to interpret findings.MethodsA design‐based research approach informed study design. A longitudinal placement was implemented on two hospital wards for 13 weeks. Trainees (n = 3) were interviewed four times over a 14‐week period. Ward staff (n = 14) were interviewed at week 14. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Qualitative longitudinal analysis, using the trajectory approach, was conducted using abductive analysis. The coded data were organised into a framework and subthemes were created.ResultsTrainees acquired membership within the multi‐disciplinary ward team over time. This led to an enriched learning experience and the trainee's professional development improved as they attained more responsibilities. This enabled them to make a greater contribution to patient care; more medication consultations occurred, and discharge times improved.DiscussionThe local viability of the longitudinal placement appears to be linked to the trainee's ability to acquire membership within the ward community of practice. Membership gave trainee's access to learning opportunities, supporting their development, and they earnt the trust of staff, leading to more responsibilities for providing patient care. Further research into developing longitudinal placements that support trainee healthcare professionals to acquire membership within communities of practice is warranted.
Discursive Enactment of Agency in Study‐Abroad Interviews
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ JULIETA , McGREGOR JANICE , YULDASHEV AZIZ 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine how meta‐agentive discourse was enacted and linguistically encoded with constructed dialog. We analyze interviews with 4 American undergraduate students who expressed their interest in study abroad (SA) and submitted applications but later withdrew them. The analysis centers on the ways agency was assigned to different actors in participants’ decision‐making processes as mediated by discourses of SA. We demonstrate that in their interviews, the participants primarily assigned agency to (a) themselves by way of self‐reports, (b) a ‘collective’ author by way of vague referents, and (c) SA programs and leadership by way of hypothetical constructed dialog. Notably, discourses about SA were often repurposed in divergent ways within the same interview by multiple participants. We urge scholars examining agency to closely consider the trajectorial and situated nature of meta‐agentive discourse in applied linguistics research.
Inappropriate rate response in a leadless pacemaker due to automatic rate profile optimization
Authors: Lau Chu‐Pak , Lee Kathy Lai‐Fun , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA three‐axis accelerometer sensor is incorporated in a leadless pacemaker (MicraTM, MedtronicInc) for rate adaptation. Three sensor setpoints at lower rate (LR), activity of daily living rate (ADLR), and upper rate (UR) are used to convert detected acceleration to a desired rate response. We describe inappropriate rate acceleration at rest and during chest physiotherapy in a sedentary elderly patient with leadless pacemaker. The underlying mechanism and various programming options are discussed.
Auxin‐mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: A role of SlGH3.4 in tomato
Authors: Chen Xiao , Chen Jiadong , Liao Dehua , Ye Hanghang , Li Cai , Luo Zhenzhen , Yan Anning , Zhao Qingchun , Xie Kun , Li Yiting , Wang Dongsheng , Chen Jun , Chen Aiqun , Xu Guohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost land plants can establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to increase fitness to environmental challenges. The development of AM symbiosis is controlled by intricate procedures involving all phytohormones. However, the mechanisms underlying the auxin‐mediated regulation of AM symbiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that AM colonisation promotes auxin response and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, but downregulates IAA biosynthesis genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). External IAA application modulates the AM symbiosis by promoting arbuscule formation at low concentrations but repressing it at high concentrations. An AM‐induced GH3 gene, SlGH3.4, encoding a putative IAA‐amido synthetase, negatively regulates mycorrhization via maintaining cellular auxin homoeostasis. Loss of SlGH3.4 function increased free IAA content and arbuscule incidence, while constitutively overexpressing SlGH3.4 in either tomato or rice resulted in decreased IAA content, total colonisation level and arbuscule abundance in mycorrhizal roots. Several auxin‐inducible expansin genes involved in AM formation or resistance to pathogen infection were upregulated in slgh3.4 mycorrhizal roots but downregulated in the SlGH3.4‐overexpressing plants. Taken together, our results highlight a positive correlation between the endogenous IAA content and mycorrhization level, particularly arbuscule incidence, and suggest that the SlGH3.4‐mediated auxin homoeostasis and regulation of expansin genes is involved in finely tuning the AM development.
Pine defense against eggs of an herbivorous sawfly is elicited by an annexin‐like protein present in egg‐associated secretion
Authors: Hundacker Janik , Bittner Norbert , Weise Christoph , Bröhan Gunnar , Varama Martti , Hilker Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnown elicitors of plant defenses against eggs of herbivorous insects are low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds associated with the eggs. However, previous studies provided evidence that also proteinaceous compounds present in secretion associated with eggs of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini can elicit defensive responses in Pinus sylvestris. Pine responses induced by the proteinaceous secretion are known to result in enhanced emission of (E)‐β‐farnesene, which attracts egg parasitoids killing the eggs. Here, we aimed to identify the defense‐eliciting protein and elucidate its function. After isolating the defense‐eliciting protein from D. pini egg‐associated secretion by ultrafiltration and gel electrophoresis, we identified it by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry as an annexin‐like protein, which we named ‘diprionin’. Further GC‐MS analyses showed that pine needles treated with heterologously expressed diprionin released enhanced quantities of (E)‐β‐farnesene. Our bioassays confirmed attractiveness of diprionin‐treated pine to egg parasitoids. Expression of several pine candidate genes involved in terpene biosynthesis and regulation of ROS homeostasis was similarly affected by diprionin and natural sawfly egg deposition. However, the two treatments had different effects on expression of pathogenesis‐related genes (PR1, PR5). Diprionin is the first egg‐associated proteinaceous elicitor of indirect plant defense against insect eggs described so far.
Psoriasiform dermatitis following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: A case series
Authors: Willenbrink Tyler J. , Robinson India S. , Connett Jessica S. , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a frequently used treatment modality in the pediatric inpatient population for acute diseases such as Kawasaki disease and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome. There are few reported cutaneous adverse events after IVIg in the pediatric population. Here, we present two patients with psoriasiform dermatitis appearing after IVIg treatment for two different disease processes, Kawasaki disease and mycoplasma‐associated mucositis, suggesting an association with the treatment instead of the disease process.
Neonatal pemphigoid gestationis: An atypical presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Jimenez Amber , Blain Kimberly , Khalighi Mazdak , Clarke Jennie T. , Snook Jeremy , Cipriano Sarah D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by urticarial plaques and/or vesicles and tense bullae. A unique presentation of BP can occur during pregnancy, the postpartum period after delivery, or with the initiation of contraception, in which case it is referred to as pemphigoid gestationis (PG). In rare instances, newborns born to mothers with PG may also present with blisters due to transplacental passage of maternal anti‐bullous pemphigoid 180 (BP180) or 230 (BP230) immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this report, we present an unusual case of neonatal PG in an infant born to an asymptomatic mother without a previous diagnosis of PG.
Fluorescence‐advanced videodermatoscopy (FAV) for the differential diagnosis of suspicious facial lesions: A single‐centre experience with pattern analysis and histopathological correlation
Authors: Scarfì Federica , Trane Luciana , Maio Vincenza , Silvestri Flavia , Venturi Federico , Zuccaro Biancamaria , Massi Daniela , De Giorgi Vincenzo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFluorescence‐advanced videodermatoscopy (FAV) is a new non‐invasive high‐resolution skin imaging technique to assess pigmented lesions in conjunction with the clinical examination and dermatoscopy.ObjectivesThis is the first prospective study to identify morphologic descriptors and standardized terminology to examine facial pigmented lesions using FAV. The objectives were to identify FAV indicators, which can assist physicians in diagnosing suspicious flat facial pigmented lesions.MethodsConsecutive equivocal pigmented lesions were retrospective analysed. Histopathological examination was performed for all the lesions. The main cytomorphological and cytoarchitectural FAV features were described and correlated with histopathological characteristics.ResultsFrom January to October 2020, 21 consecutive clinically suspected pigmented lesions in 20 patients were analysed using dermatoscopy and FAV and then surgically excised. Histopathological examination identified lentigo maligna (LM), lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), solar lentigo (SL), flat seborrheic keratosis (SK) and pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK). Thirteen malignant melanocytic lesions were removed (11 LM, 2 LMM), two were diagnosed as PAK, and the remaining six pigmented lesions were SL‐SKs. With FAV, large ovoid pleomorphic and dendritic cells arranged in the intrafollicular disposition, are typical of most malignant melanocytic lesions (12/13, 92.3%). No benign lesions displayed these features. In dermatoscopy, this folliculotropism corresponded to the presence of an annular‐granular pattern with slate grey dots that were aggregated asymmetrically around follicular openings.ConclusionsFAV features can provide an improved diagnostic approach in the differential diagnosis of flat pigmented facial lesions.
Molecular detection and quantification of Colletotrichum abscissum in sweet orange propagative material
Authors: Ciampi‐Guillardi Maisa , Muñoz Vanessa N. V. , Silva‐Junior Geraldo José , Massola Júnior Nelson S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPostbloom fruit drop disease (PFD) has caused serious impacts on citrus production in the Americas, occurring sporadically and suddenly during rain in the flowering period. In São Paulo State, Brazil, Colletotrichum abscissum is the causal agent responsible for over 80% of the disease incidence. Pathogen dispersal over long distances and the origin of primary inoculum are still unclear for PFD epidemics. We tested the hypothesis that citrus propagation material can harbour C. abscissum DNA by quantifying it in leaves of budwood increase block trees (BIB) and young citrus plants (YP) using multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR). C. abscissum DNA was detected in all citrus nurseries, regardless of the type of propagative material, the sweet orange variety, or the nursery location. Overall, 73.4% of all samples from citrus nurseries have DNA from the pathogen, with a detection limit of 10 conidia. The average of 155 conidia found in YP was higher than the conidia observed on leaf samples from BIB (p = 0.03), although leaf samples from cultivars Valencia and Pera did not differ significantly, with means around 127 and 118 conidia, respectively (p = 0.75). This is the first molecular detection of C. abscissum in citrus propagative material. The multiplex qPCR assay may be used as a protocol for an accurate diagnosis of C. abscissum in citrus propagative material, may assist a better understanding of the pathogen dispersal over long distances, and may be used for further studies involving the quantification of C. abscissum in citrus orchards.
Moving from a bad to a good pricing regime: The South African private health care market
Authors: Picard Eric , Zimper Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe South African private health care market combines a highly concentrated demand side with expensive medical services. This combination suggests that medical insurance schemes are not using their full market power. To explain this puzzle, we construct a delegated bargaining model in which agency costs give rise to two different pricing regimes. In the ‘good’ pricing regime, the scheme incentivises its administrator towards aggressive bargaining behaviour with health care providers. The ‘bad’ pricing regime results when the scheme decides against such incentivation. Policy measures that push the number of providers above some critical threshold can force a change from the ‘bad’ to the ‘good’ pricing regime.
Algebraic Method for Exact Synthesis of One-Degree-of-Freedom Linkages With Arbitrarily Prescribed Constant Velocity Ratios
Authors: Liu Kai , Yu Jingjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the synthesis of one degree-of-freedom (1DOF) linkages that can exactly transmit angular motion between coplanar axes (i.e., parallel axes or intersectant axes) with arbitrarily prescribed constant velocity ratios. According to motion polynomials over dual quaternions and pure rolling models between two circles, an algebraic approach is presented to precisely synthesize new 1DOF linkages with arbitrarily prescribed constant velocity ratios. The approach includes four steps: (a) formulate a characteristic curve occurred by the pure rolling, (b) compute the motion polynomial of the minimal degree that can generate the curve, (c) deal with the factorization of the motion polynomial to construct an open chain, and (d) convert the open chain to a 1DOF linkage. Using this approach, several 1DOF planar, spherical, and spatial linkages for angular motion transmission between parallel axes or intersectant ones are constructed by designating various velocity ratios. Taking the planar and spherical linkages with a constant 1:2 velocity ratio as examples, kinematics analysis is implemented to prove their motion characteristics. The result shows that the generated linkages indeed can transmit angular motion between two coplanar axes with constant velocity ratios. Meanwhile, three-dimensional (3D)-printed prototypes of these linkages also demonstrate such a conclusion. This work provides a framework for synthesizing linkages that have great application potential to transmit motion in robotic systems that require low inertia to achieve reciprocating motion with high speed and accuracy.
Research on the Orientation Error of the Translational Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
Authors: Xie Guangqiang , Zhang Zhaokun , Shao Zhufeng , Wang Liping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Parallel cables are widely used in cable-driven parallel robots (CDPR) to provide constraints to the end-effector and to realize translational degrees-of-freedom(DOFs). However, when there are structural errors, parallel cables become no longer parallel and will cause orientation errors of the end-effector, which cannot be compensated by kinematic calibration. In this paper, the orientation assurance method is studied considering a 3DOFs translational CDPR. First, the kinematic model and error mapping model of the CDPR are established by using the closed-loop method, considering the pulley radius. Second, the influence of the structural parameters errors on the error of the end-effector is analyzed with the sensitivity index, which establishes a theoretical basis for the simplification of the accuracy synthesis process. Third, the design tolerances of the cable connection points are determined through accuracy synthesis, which is implemented with the genetic algorithm considering the optimal manufacturing cost and the orientation constraints of the end-effector. Finally, to reduce the influence of cable length error, the method of adjusting the initial pose was proposed and studied, which is verified as an effective approach to reduce the orientation error.