bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with use of insecticide-treated net for malaria prevention in Manica District, Mozambique: a community-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Scott Julia , Kanyangarara Mufaro , Nhama Abel , Macete Eusebio , Moss William John , Saute Francisco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Insecticide-treated net (ITN) use is crucial for preventing malaria infection. Despite significant improvements in ITN access and use over the past two decades, many malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa have not yet reached global targets for universal coverage of ITNs. To reduce the gaps in ITN use, it is important to understand the factors associated with ITN use. The goal of this analysis was to determine the factors associated with ITN use in Manica District, Mozambique.

Methods
A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from October to November 2019. Households were randomly selected, and all members of selected households were eligible to participate. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, housing construction and the ownership, use and characteristics of ITNs were collected using structured questionnaires. Factors independently associated with ITN use were identified using generalized estimating equations multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Of the 302 households surveyed, 209 (69.2%) owned at least one ITN and 176 (58.3%) had one ITN for every two household members. The multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of ITN use was significantly lower among individuals in households with 3 or more members. However, the odds of ITN use was significantly higher among older age groups, poorer households, and as the number of ITNs in a household increased.

Conclusions
The findings of this analysis highlight the need for behaviour change communication strategies targeting young people and ITN distribution campaigns targeting larger households to increase ITN ownership, thereby improving ITN use in Manica District.
Implementation and success factors from Thailand’s 1-3-7 surveillance strategy for malaria elimination
Authors: Lertpiriyasuwat Cheewanan , Sudathip Prayuth , Kitchakarn Suravadee , Areechokchai Darin , Naowarat Sathapana , Shah Jui A. , Sintasath David , Pinyajeerapat Niparueradee , Young Felicity , Thimasarn Krongthong , Gopinath Deyer , Prempree Preecha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThailand’s National Malaria Elimination Strategy 2017–2026 introduced the 1-3-7 strategy as a robust surveillance and response approach for elimination that would prioritize timely, evidence-based action. Under this strategy, cases are reported within 1 day, cases are investigated within 3 days, and foci are investigated and responded to within 7 days, building on Thailand’s long history of conducting case investigation since the 1980s. However, the hallmark of the 1-3-7 strategy is timeliness, with strict deadlines for reporting and response to accelerate elimination. This paper outlines Thailand’s experience adapting and implementing the 1-3-7 strategy, including success factors such as a cross-sectoral Steering Committee, participation in a collaborative regional partnership, and flexible local budgets. The programme continues to evolve to ensure prompt and high-quality case management, capacity maintenance, and adequate supply of lifesaving commodities based on surveillance data. Results from implementation suggest the 1-3-7 strategy has contributed to Thailand’s decline in malaria burden; this experience may be useful for other countries aiming to eliminate malaria.
Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants in the Nordic-Baltic region
Authors: Beleckė Agnė , Kupčinskas Tomas , Stadalienė Inga , Höglund Johan , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Stuen Snorre , Petkevičius Saulius 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants result in production losses, and consequently economic losses, and are an animal welfare problem in most countries in the Nordic-Baltic region. Intensive use of anthelmintics to control helminth infections has led to anthelmintic resistance (AR), which has become a major issue in many European countries. Several studies have been performed in countries in the Nordic-Baltic region (e.g. Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Lithuania) showing increasing/emerging levels of AR. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the problem of AR on sheep and goat farms in the Nordic-Baltic region. This region has a limited number of registered anthelmintics. However, researchers in this area have discovered some surprising findings, such as ivermectin (IVM) resistance on a farm that had never used IVM. In Sweden there is evidence of macrocyclic lactone (ML)-resistant Haemonchus contortus being introduced with sheep imported from the Netherlands. As elsewhere in the world, the livestock trade appears to be contributing to the spread of AR in the region and isolated cases of multidrug-resistant cases have also been reported. This is surprising given that the frequency of treatments here is much lower than in other countries where sheep production is economically more important. The prevailing nematodes are Haemonchus, Teledorsagia and Trichostrongylus, while on some farms Haemonchus is dominant and clinical haemonchosis has increasingly been observed in recent decades. The reasons for this are unclear, but are probably related to this parasite’s propensity to rapidly develop drug resistance and a general lack of awareness of the problem, possibly in combination with global warming and the increased livestock trade within the EU. In addition, domestic interactions through contacts with wildlife ruminants, alpacas may also be a contributing factor for transmission of AR.
Aortogenic embolic stroke after sleeve pneumonectomy with median sternotomy for lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Suzuki Hirotoshi , Noda Masafumi , Watanabe Tatsuaki , Matsuda Yasushi , Hoshikawa Yasushi , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The median sternotomy approach in sleeve pneumonectomy enables diseased lung ventilation in selected cases, which may reduce the difficulty in achieving anastomosis under intubation of the left main bronchus. However, with median sternotomy, the ascending aorta requires repeated mobilization to expose the operative field for anastomosis, which can cause an aortogenic embolic stroke.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old Asian man presenting 6 months after developing hemoptysis was diagnosed with right upper lobe lung cancer (stage T4N0M0), invading the lower trachea and basal bronchus. Preoperative computed tomography revealed ascending aorta calcification. Right sleeve pneumonectomy was performed using median sternotomy with diseased lung ventilation. The ascending aorta was repeatedly mobilized to adequately expose the tracheobronchial bifurcation. Surgery was uneventful, but he did not recover complete consciousness even after termination of anesthesia. Mild paralysis of both upper extremities was observed. Head magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 1 revealed multiple small acute infarctions in the brain, possibly caused by mobilization of the aorta. He received anticoagulation therapy and rehabilitation and was discharged on postoperative day 30.

Conclusion
The median sternotomy approach in sleeve pneumonectomy enables diseased lung ventilation. However, the possibility of aortogenic embolic stroke should be considered when calcification of the ascending aorta is observed on preoperative computed tomography.
Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran
Authors: Ghavam Mansureh , Afzali Afsaneh , Manconi Maria , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Manca Maria Letizia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEssential oil ofRosa × damascenaHerrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation ofR. × damascena.In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties.ResultsResults showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained fromRosa×damascenawere significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm againstAspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm againstStaphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm againstStreptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils ofR. damascenawere also effective against Gram-negativePseudomonas aeruginosaand they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power againstCandida albicansyeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL).ConclusionsOverall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils ofRosa × damascena.In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation ofR. × damascenato the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.
Cohort study of medical cannabis authorization and motor vehicle crash-related healthcare visits in 2014–2017 in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lee Cerina , Voaklander Don , Minhas-Sandhu Jasjeet K. , Hanlon John G. , Hyshka Elaine , Dyck Jason R. B. , Eurich Dean T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
With increasing numbers of countries/jurisdictions legalizing cannabis, cannabis impaired driving has become a serious public health concern. Despite substantive research linking cannabis use with higher rates of motor vehicle crashes (MVC), there is an absence of conclusive evidence linking MVC risk with medical cannabis use. In fact, there is no clear understanding of the impact of medical cannabis use on short- and long-term motor vehicle-related healthcare visits. This study assesses the impact of medical cannabis authorization on motor vehicle-related health utilization visits (hospitalizations, ambulatory care, emergency department visits, etc) between 2014 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada.

Methods
A matched cohort study was conducted on patients authorized to use medical cannabis and controls who did not receive authorization for medical cannabis – in Ontario, Canada. Overall, 29,153 adult patients were identified and subsequently linked to the administrative databases of the Ontario Ministry of Health, providing up to at least 6 months of longitudinal follow-up data following the initial medical cannabis consultation. Interrupted time series analyses was conducted to evaluate the change in rates of healthcare utilization as a result of MVC 6 months before and 6 months after medical cannabis authorization.

Results
Over the 6-month follow-up period, MVC-related visits in medical cannabis patients were 0.50 visits/10000 patients (p = 0.61) and − 0.31 visits/10000 patients (p = 0.64) for MVC-related visits in controls. Overall, authorization for medical cannabis was associated with an immediate decrease in MVC-related visits of − 2.42 visits/10000 patients (p = 0.014) followed by a statistically significant increased rate of MVC-related visits (+ 0.89 events/10,000 in those authorized medical cannabis) relative to controls in the period following their authorization(p = 0.0019). Overall, after accounting for both the immediate and trend effects, authorization for medical cannabis was associated with an increase of 2.92 events/10,000 (95%CI 0.64 to 5.19) over the entire follow-up period. This effect was largely driven by MVC-related emergency department visits (+ 0.80 events/10,000, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Overall, there was an association between medical cannabis authorization and healthcare utilization, at the population level, in Ontario, Canada. These findings have public health importance and patients and clinicians should be fully educated on the potential risks. Continued follow-up of medically authorized cannabis patients is warranted to fully comprehend long-term impact on motor vehicle crash risk.
INI1-negative colorectal undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features and postoperative rapidly growing liver metastases: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kojima Masatsugu , Miyake Toru , Ueki Tomoyuki , Ohta Hiroyuki , Kushima Ryoji , Shiohara Masanori , Mizuta Hiroo , Iida Hiroya , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Kaida Sachiko , Takebayashi Katsushi , Maehira Hiromitsu , Nishina Yusuke , Shimizu Tomoharu , Mekata Eiji , Tani Masaji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Malignant tumors with rhabdoid features are extremely rare. They can occur in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, with common clinical features of high malignancy and poor prognosis.

Case presentation
A 41-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of lower abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography (CT) revealed two wall-thickening lesions in the rectum and sigmoid colon, with the latter invading the small intestine and abdominal wall. Lymph nodes were swollen in the sigmoid mesocolon and at the roots of the inferior mesenteric artery. Colonoscopy revealed a circular type 3 lesion in the sigmoid colon and a semicircular type 2 lesion in the rectum. Biopsies of the sigmoid colon and rectum lesions revealed poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, respectively. The sigmoid colon, rectum, invaded small intestine, and abdominal wall were resected; lymph node dissection was also performed. Histopathological finding of the sigmoid colon lesion revealed that the tumor cells had poor connectivity with each other, and each cell had eosinophilic cytoplasm and a polymorphic nucleus. These characteristics are termed rhabdoid features, because the morphology of these cells is similar to that of rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the tumor cells were positive for both epithelial (cytokeratin AE1/AE3) and mesenchymal cell markers (vimentin); however, they were negative for integrase interactor 1 (INI1). Therefore, the sigmoid colorectal cancer was diagnosed as an INI1-negative undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features. The patient continued to experience high fever after surgery; thus, we performed an abdominal CT scan that revealed cystic lesions in the liver 4 days after surgery. These were absent in the positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan performed 14 days before surgery. These tumors grew rapidly, and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed that they were undifferentiated carcinomas compatible with metastatic lesions from the undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features from the sigmoid colon. Chemotherapy was administered but was not effective. The patient died 60 days after surgery.

Conclusions
INI1-negative colorectal undifferentiated carcinomas with rhabdoid features are extremely rare, have high histological malignancy, and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is not effective. Effective systemic therapy is desired.
Increasing plant density increases Bt toxin concentration of boll wall in cotton by decreasing boll setting speed
Authors: ZHOU Mingyuan , CHEN Chen , TAMBEL Leila I. M. , CHEN Yuan , ZHANG Xiang , CHEN Yuan , CHEN Dehua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In order to uncover the mechanism of significantly reduced insect resistance at the late developmental stage in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the relationship between boll setting rate under different planting densities and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal concentrations in the boll wall were investigated in the present study. Two studies were arranged at Yangzhou, China during the 2017–2018 cotton growth seasons. Five planting densities (15 000, 25 000, 45 000, 60 000 and 75 000 plants per hectare) and the flower-removal treatment were imposed separately on Bt cotton cultivar Sikang3 to arrange different boll setting rates, and the boll setting rates and Bt toxin content were compared.

Results
Higher boll setting rate together with lower Bt toxin contents in boll wall was observed under low planting density, whereas lower boll setting rate and higher Bt toxin contents were found under high planting density. Also, higher Bt protein concentration was associated with higher soluble protein content, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities, but lower amino acid content, and protease and peptidase activities. It was further confirmed that a higher boll setting rate with lower Bt protein content under flower-removal.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the insecticidal efficacy of boll walls was significantly impacted by boll formation. Reduced protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation were related to the reduced Bt toxin concentration.
Anatomical In Vitro Investigations of the Pediatric Larynx: A Call for Manufacturer Redesign of Tracheal Tube Cuff Location and Perhaps a Call to Reconsider the Use of Uncuffed Tracheal Tubes
Authors: Isa Malaak , Holzki Josef , Hagemeier Anna , Rothschild Markus A. , Coté Charles J. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Some in vivo studies question the traditional “funnel-shaped” infant larynx; further anatomic examinations were warranted. Examination of fixative free fresh autopsy laryngeal and upper tracheal specimens and multiple measurements was needed to determine consistency between current tracheal tube designs and anatomic observations.

METHODS:
Larynges from 19 males and 11 females (Caucasian term newborn to 126 months) were examined by the same forensic pathologist. Measurements included anterior/posterior (A/P) and transverse (T) diameters of the cricoid outlet (CO), interarytenoid diameter (IAD), cricothyroid membrane (CTM), distance from the vocal cords (VC) to CO (VC-CO), and calibration of the larynx lumen with uncuffed tracheal tubes as measuring rods. Assessment of “safe tracheal tube placement” was assessed using manufacturer recommended cuffed Microcuff (Kimberly-Clark, Koblenz, Germany) tubes.

RESULTS:
In 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58-90) of specimens, the proximal end of the cuff was within the CO and in 23% even with or close to the CO. The VC-CO varied from 9.1 to 13.17 mm in infants, 11.55 to 15.17 mm in toddlers, and 13.19 to 18.34 mm in children. The A-P/T ratio of the CO was nearly 0.99 in most larynges; the IAD was greater than CO in all specimens. The CTM could be minimally distended in all specimens.

CONCLUSIONS:
First, despite being marketed as a safer tracheal tube design, the proximal end of the Microcuff cuff rested within or close to the cricoid cartilage theoretically increasing potential cuff-induced injury when using the VC markings for positioning. Our data suggest that the optimal cuff free distance (VC-CO) would be ~13.5 mm for a Microcuff internal diameter (ID) size 3.0, ~15 mm for size 3.5, and ~16 to 19 mm for greater sizes.
Second, the CO was virtually circular in all specimens, suggesting that appropriately sized uncuffed tubes should provide an adequate seal in most neonates and toddlers, thus avoiding the potential for cuff-related necrosis injury.
Third, the IAD was always greater than CO confirming that the narrowest point of the infant larynx is the nondistensible cricoid cartilage and not the easily distended glottis.
Fourth, appropriately sized Microcuff tubes with the cuff deflated completely filled the lumen of the CO and proximal trachea in all specimens. Our data suggest the need for all manufacturers to further evaluate tracheal tube cuff locations and lengths in relation to the VC safe insertion markings, particularly for neonates and toddlers.
Fifth, the CTM is minimally distensible, thus having important implications for emergency surgical airway access with most currently available emergency airway devices.
Induction and Differentiation of an Epithelial Tumour in the Newt (Triturus cristatus)
Authors: Seilern-Aspang F. , Kratochwil K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTEpithelial tumours have been induced in T. cristatus by any of several carcinogens. The tumours arise from the mucous glands of the skin. The tumours showed infiltrative and destructive growth, sometimes penetrating into the peritoneal cavity. Metastasis also occurred. The tumours thus appeared to be malignant. In spite of its malignant characteristics this carcinogen-induced epithelial tumour often regressed. This regression of an apparently malignant tumour occurred spontaneously. During regression of the tumour, differentiation of the tumour cells into normal, non-malignant tissues occurred. Expansively growing tumours differentiated independently of their location into pigment cell layers, cornified layers, mucous glands, and epithelium of the integument. In contrast, infiltrating tumours differentiated in accordance with their surroundings and even connective-tissue-like cells were formed. Tumour metastases differentiated by the formation of degenerative mucous cells or in the same ways as expansively growing tumours. If no differentiation occurred, the tumours were lethal. The capacity of newts to bring their tumour cells under control again by a differentiation process is attributed to the great regeneration power of these animals.