bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Gas Injection Compressors Performance by Lateral Thinking Resulting in 0.62 Million Barrels Oil Per Year Additional Production Capacity at Zero Cost
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Al Jneibi Abdulla Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Fourth Industrial Revolution (4.0) in Oil & Gas Industry creates a dynamic landscape where Operational Excellence (OE) strives for stability, quality, and efficiency while continuing to serve an increasingly demanding customer. Operational excellence is a journey, not a sole destination.Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) Onshore, one of the South East Fields, oil production capacity was constrained due to the limitation of associated gas handling capacity of the compressors. Gas flow towards the compressor was not steady due to natural flowing wells non-steady behavior and this disturbance cannot be removed from the system. The situation was quite complicated. In order to produce oil, associated gas must be handled to avoid flaring. It was more than a challenge to increase the compressors effective capacity without any hardware modification.Since flaring is not permitted in ADNOC and running of huge capacity standby compressor was not economically viable, therefore, Field Operations by lateral thinking transformed this challenging situation into an opportunity and enhanced compressor effective capacity by expanding its operating envelope to handle additional gas.One innovative solution proposed by Field Operations was to expand the pressure-operating envelope of the machine to withstand high pressures without tripping. The idea was to increase the machine throughput by elevating the machine high-pressure trip set point along with Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) set point elevation.This submission shares success story of an oil field Operations in house efforts to enhance the gas injection compressor effective capacity by 600 MSCFD which subsequently increased the oil production capacity by 1700 bopd or 0.62 million barrels oil per year by Operational Excellence.Operational Excellence played its role with a value improvement objective. Rather than replacing successful practices and programs, Operational Excellence knitted them into a larger, fully integrated tapestry woven to increase value produced within the overall business strategy which is very evident in this scenario.This case study is blend of Operations Excellence and innovation representing Management support to employee to solve complex problems. Such support is always beneficial for the company and employee. Management of change process for followed to study, analyze and implement the idea.
Improving Re-Fracturing Efficiency and Performance Through Targeted Candidate Well Selection
Authors: MacDonald Michael , Tymons Tobben , Roberts Glyn , Lilly Todd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper details how the application of a combination of video-led multi-sensor technology and advanced 3D modelling can help select the best candidate wells for re-fracturing. By shifting focus towards the higher-potential re-frac candidates, operators can maximize return on investment in a multi-billion-dollar market.
Deployment of high resolution, high frame rate video and multi-sensor technology enables the selection and prioritization of high-potential candidate wells, through rigless intervention performed as part of the planning phase. Rigorous, perforation-level analysis of this acquired data enables ranking with respect to unstimulated reserves and hazards that may affect re-frac performance to identify the highest potential candidates upon which a bespoke re-frac design can be applied and executed. This engineering-led approach is only possible with up-front data and knowledge gathering, prior to commencing re-frac operations.
The result to the operator is higher yields in production gains for an optimized operating expenditure, with production rates potentially reaching or exceeding initial production values. This significantly reduces the time to pay-back the required operating expenditure and increases long-term profitability for the operator.
The paper will use real-world case studies to demonstrate how the application of quantified visual analysis, multi-sensor measurements and 3D modelling makes it possible to plan for the best candidate wells for re-fracturing, thus improving the probability of success and increased economic return. The following problem areas will be analyzed in detail:
Production Enhancement: Understanding initial frac performance and identifying under stimulated or unexploited reservoir zones. Effective Diversion: Identifying zones of over-stimulation in order to select appropriate diversion solutions to isolate these. Well integrity: 360-degree quantified visual inspection of barrier integrity and evaluation of the limits of operation of the pressure envelope. Wellbore Access: Identifying obstructions such as proppant flow-back or milling debris to assist with wellbore clean-up or quantifying casing deformation for optimization of the plug and perforation BHA design to ensure that target depths are reached. Refrac Optimization: Evaluation and performance benchmarking of refrac stage designs for optimization of fracture initiation and refrac operational costs.
The techniques described in this paper involves the application of the world's first array side-view camera combined with auxiliary services, and bespoke data analysis and visualization suite to deliver the results in an intuitive and interactive platform. Further analysis of datasets is performed using patented 3-dimensional forward modelling techniques for computational analysis of well access.
Assessment of Sweep Efficiency and Breakthrough Using CO2, H2O, Carbon and Hydrogen Isotope Composition in a Water Alternating with Gas EOR Project in Onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Ahsan Dr. Syed Asif , Ali Mabkhout AlSeiari Reem , Koksalan Dr. Tamer , Bhushan Yatindra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Measuring sweep efficiency and understanding breakthrough are the most important parameters to assess an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) project having Water Alternating with miscible CO2 Gas (WAG) injection. The objective of this study was to use CO2, H2O and isotope compositions to assess sweep efficiency and breakthrough in producer wells in an ADNOC Onshore field in order to take the necessary actions for project optimization (e.g., injector and/or future producer well location optimization). CO2 and H2O compositions, along with their respective carbon and hydrogen isotopes, was integrated with downhole pressure gauge data to evaluate the impact of WAG operation on EOR. It was understood at the start of the project that an isotopically distinct injected CO2, compared to the oil associated CO2, would assist in the evaluation of sweep efficiency and breakthrough. The injected CO2 used in the WAG comes from a steel mill that is isotopically very distinct (i.e., significantly light) from the oil associated CO2. CO2 and H2O are injected periodically in the reservoir through designated injectors distributed over the field. The initially produced oil associated CO2, H2O, carbon and hydrogen isotope values were available as reference to measure the extent of sweep efficiency and breakthrough. Injected H2O and CO2 compositions and their respective hydrogen and carbon isotope values are measured at each injection cycle (so called campaigns). This is then followed by periodic compositional and isotopic measurements of the same components in oil and water producer wells to measure the extent of breakthrough. CO2, H2O composition and carbon and hydrogen isotope measurements in injector and producer wells indicate that the injected CO2 is preferentially breaking through in certain parts of the field. This indicates heterogeneous reservoir quality distribution throughout the field with better reservoir quality (e.g. higher permeability) between injector and producer wells having faster breakthrough. The compositional and isotopic measurements are sensitive enough to register compositional changes in the producer wells relatively faster than assessed by downhole pressure gauges.
ASCAPE: A Flexible and Efficient Analytical Tool to Evaluate Aquifer Storage Capacity for CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Freni Fabrizio , Napolitano Vincenzo , Mancini Silvia , Buscaglia Roberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, carbon neutrality has emerged as an important social and political focus globally, where carbon sequestration plays a key role. The present work is aimed at introducing ASCAPE (Aquifer Storage CAPacity Evaluation tool), a fast and flexible tool useful in case of CO2 aquifer sequestration to preliminarily evaluate the required storage capacity as a function of the maximum allowable pressure increment.
ASCAPE is based on the volumetric method included in SPE "Guidelines for Applications of the CO2 Storage Resources Management System" (SPE, 2020) for aquifer sequestration. The analytical formula was integrated to include additional physical phenomena as CO2 solubility in water, pressure control through water production, effect of gas pools connected to aquifer. The tool, implemented in Excel/VBA environment, allows to easily obtain a theoretical Pressure increment vs. Aquifer Volume curve useful to estimate the required aquifer volume to store a given quantity of CO2. ASCAPE results were validated comparing to a simplified 3D model simulated by a compositional commercial dynamic simulator.
The validation showed a very good alignment with the 3D dynamic simulation results under several conditions. Many tests were performed with and without the CO2 solubility model, demonstrating that this phenomenon acts as pressure increment reducer. The original volumetric model can be therefore considered slightly conservative, since it neglects this physical contribution, which allowed to improve the reliability of the proposed analytical model.
The proposed methodology is a general-purpose application being not related to a specified candidate and, therefore, it can be tailored on the specific scenario to be evaluated. ASCAPE was developed for preliminary screening of CO2 sequestration concepts in greenfield development areas, where the absence of brown or exhausted fields makes the storage in aquifer the only viable solution. Different aquifers were compared under certain assumptions of carbon to be stored with and without water production, allowing a preliminary evaluation that will be used to rank the concepts in terms of technical/economic feasibility.
Utility of Blood Biomarkers as a Predictor of Pathological Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinical Stage T1N0 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ohsawa Manato , Hamai Yoichi , Emi Manabu , Ibuki Yuta , Kurokawa Tomoaki , Yoshikawa Toru , Hirohata Ryosuke , Kitasaki Nao , Okada Morihito 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Accurate preoperative evaluation of lymph node (LN) metastasis is important for determining the treatment strategy for superficial esophageal cancer. There have been reports on the clinical significance of blood biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), as predictors of LN metastasis for different cancers.
Methods

Patients (n = 185) with cT1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent esophagectomy with R0 resection between April 2003 and August 2021 were enrolled. This study investigated the ability of the pretreatment NLR, PLR, and LMR to predict pathological LN metastasis.
Results

The optimal cut-off NLR, PLR, and LMR values to predict pathological LN metastasis were 2.1, 122, and 4.8, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the primary tumor length, depth of invasion, and NLR were significant predictors of LN metastasis. Furthermore, similar to the five-year overall survival, the five-year relapse-free survival was significantly better in the low NLR group than in the high NLR group.
Conclusions

The NLR was the most useful predictor of pathological LN metastasis, which is difficult to predict by imaging for clinical stage T1N0M0 ESCC. Patients diagnosed with clinical stage I ESCC and with a high NLR require adequate LN dissection and may be good candidates for preoperative adjuvant therapy.
Defining the Concepts of a Smart Nursing Home and Its Potential Technology Utilities That Integrate Medical Services and Are Acceptable to Stakeholders: a Scoping Review
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Rokhani Fakhrul Zaman , Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali , Devaraj Navin Kumar , Su Jing , Chew Boon-How 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives:Smart technology in nursing home settings has potential to elevate an operation that manages a larger number of elderly residents. However, the concepts, definitions and scopes of ‘smartness’, integrated medical services and stakeholders’ acceptability of a smart nursing home are less clear. This scoping review aims to define a smart nursing home and examine the qualitative evidence on technological feasibility, integration of medical services and acceptability of the stakeholders. Methods:Comprehensive searches were conducted on stakeholders’ websites and 11 electronic databases for existing concepts of a smart nursing home (Phase 1), and on what and how technologies and medical services were implemented in nursing home settings, as well as acceptability assessment by the stakeholders (Phase 2). The publication year was inclusive of January 1999 to September 2021. The language was limited to English and Chinese. Included articles must report nursing home settings and related to older adults ≥ 60 years old with or without medical demands but not bed-bound. New technology developments and system designs were measured by Technology Readiness Levels. The analysis was guided by Framework Method and the smart technology adoption behaviours of elder consumers theoretical model, and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR.Results:A total of 177 literature (13 website documents and 164 journal articles) were selected. Smart nursing homes are technology-assisted nursing homes that allow life enjoyment of its residents. They used IoT, computing technologies, cloud computing, big data and AI, information management systems, and digital health to integrate medical services in monitoring abnormal events, assisting daily living, teleconsultation, health information management, and improving interaction between providers and residents. Fifty-five percent of the new technologies were proven ready for use in nursing homes (level 6-7), and the remaining were proven of implementation feasibility (level 1-5). Providers with higher education, tech-savviness, fewer years at work, and older adults with more severe illnesses were more acceptable to smart technologies.Conclusions:Smart nursing homes with integrated medical services have great potential to improve the quality of care and ensure elderly residents’ quality of life.
Profiling the Variability and Inequity in the Residential Environment in Cyprus According to Citizens’ Ratings: A Cross-Sectional Internet-Based “Place Standard” Survey
Authors: Kleopa Daphne , Panayiotou Andrie , Kouta Christiana , Kaiafa Chrystalla , Middleton Nicos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The “Place Standard Tool” (PST) offers a practical framework for structuring conversations about physical and social dimensions of Place which can impact on health and well-being. While extensively used in the context of community engagement, its properties as a measurement tool haven’t been explored.
Methods
Under the auspices of the Cyprus Healthy Cities Office, an open call was addressed to citizens to rate their neighbourhood environment across the 14 PST items (1: large to 7: little room for improvement). Exploratory factor, cluster and regression analyses were used to explore the dimensionality of the scale, depict neighbourhood profiles and explore differences in ratings according to socio-demographic characteristics, area-level census indicators and residents’ assessment of neighbourhood social position on a 10-step ladder.
Results
With the exception of safety (M=4.4, SD=1.7), 492 participants (mean age 42, 50% residents for >10 years) from 254 postcodes (21.7% islandwide) did not rate other features favourably, with lowest scores for “influence and sense of control” and “public transport”. A stepwise pattern of dissatisfaction was observed along the social position continuum both for features rated less favourably as well as more favourably (e.g. social contact). For instance, among participants who placed their neighbourhood at the three top steps of the ladder 48.8% gave a low rating for “influence and sense of control”, while the equivalent figure was 81.0% at the bottom three steps (OR=4.5, 95% CI 2.3, 8.6). A clear dimensionality of Built (6 items, Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency=0.798), Physical (3 items, α = 0.765), Social (2 items, α = 0.749) and Service (3 items, α = 0.58) environment was identified. A social gradient was evident according to objective census measures of socio-economic disadvantage (e.g. pre-1980 housing, single-parent households) with larger differences in terms of the built than the social environment.
Conclusions
The study profiled the variability and documented the inequity in the health-related neighbourhood environment across Cypriot communities. The readily interpretable dimensionality of the scale supports its construct validity, allowing calculation of composite scores. The PST can be used as measurement tool in research as well as public health practice to advocate for neighbourhood initiatives which support and enhance citizens’ participation.
Acute Methylglyoxal-Induced Damage In Blood-Brain Barrier And Hippocampal Tissue
Authors: Lissner Lílian Juliana , Wartchow Krista Minéia , Rodrigues Leticia , Bobermin Larissa Daniele , Borba Ederson , Dias Vitor Gayger , Hansen Fernanda , Quincozes-Santos André , Gonçalves Carlos-Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound formed mostly by the glycolytic pathway. Elevated blood glucose levels can cause MG accumulation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, where the high reactivity of MG leads to modification of proteins and other biomolecules, generating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) appointed as mediators in those neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and astrocyte response in the hippocampus to acute insult induced by MG, administered ICV in rats. Seventy-two hours later, a loss of BBB integrity was observed, as assessed by the entry of Evans dye into brain tissue and albumin in the CSF, as well as a decrease of aquaporin-4 and connexin-43 in hippocampal tissue. MG did not induce changes in hippocampal contents of RAGE in this short interval, but decreased the expression of S100B, an astrocyte secreted protein that binds RAGE. The expressions of two important transcription factors of antioxidant response - NfkB and Nrf2, were not changed. However, hemeoxigenase-1 was upregulated in MG-treated group. This data corroborates with the idea that astrocytes, the main cells responsible for MG clearance, are targets of MG toxicity and that BBB dysfunction induced by this compound may contribute to behavioral and cognitive alterations observed in these animals.
Parent Satisfaction with Sustained Home Visiting Care for Mothers and Children: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kanda Kie , Blythe Stacy , Grace Rebekah , Kemp Lynn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim
To synthesise and analyse the existing literature regarding parent satisfaction with sustained home visiting care for mothers and children
Background
Sustained home visiting programs have been found to support improved health, wellbeing, and developmental outcomes for children and families. However, there is limited knowledge with regards to the level of parent satisfaction with care provided at home, and the factors and elements of care parents perceive to be critical to their satisfaction. It is important for healthcare practitioners to understand what practices and process parents consider to be a priority in securing their ongoing engagement.
Design:
Integrative review
Data sources:
PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO
Methods
A multi-step approach was used to search and retrieve peer-reviewed studies from the databases. Study selection, data extraction, data synthesis and critical appraisal were undertaken by two independent researchers.
Results
A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, including nine quantitative and four qualitative studies. The review found that parents provided with home visiting interventions had higher levels of satisfaction with care than those who received routine or facility-based care. Service dose was a factor associated with parent satisfaction. Other elements of care parents perceived as important to service satisfaction included the strength of the nurse-client relationship, being treated with respect, empowerment, and emotional support.
Conclusion
While it is critically important that home visiting practitioners provide evidence-based care and interventions, it is equally important that services are delivered in the context of positive and empowering relationships. Further research is recommended to understand the care process and mechanisms that enhance parent satisfaction and positive experiences, providing optimal quality of care.
Trojan bacteria cross blood-brain barrier for glioblastoma photothermal immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Rong , Liu Mingzhu , Lu Jianping , Chu Binbin , Yang Yunmin , Song Bin , Wang Houyu , He Yao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bacteria can bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transcellularly, paracellularly and/or in infected phagocytes, suggesting the possibility of employment of bacteria for combating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the bacteria-based drug delivery vehicle crossing the BBB is still vacant up to present. Herein, we develop an innovative bacteria-based drug delivery system (dubbed Trojan bacteria) for glioblastoma (GBM) photothermal immunotherapy. Typically, Trojan bacteria are made of therapeutics internalized into bacteria (e.g., attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli). The therapeutics are composed of glucose polymer (GP) (e.g., poly[4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose])-conjugated and indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded silicon nanoparticles (GP-ICG-SiNPs). The GP-ICG-SiNPs can be selectively and robustly internalized into the bacterial intracellular volume through the bacteria-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. In an orthotopic GBM mouse model, we demonstrate that the intravenously injected Trojan bacteria could take therapeutics together not only to bypass the BBB, but also to target and penetrate GBM tissues. Under 808 nm-laser irradiation, the photothermal effects (PTT) produced by ICG allow the destruction of Trojan bacterial cells and the adjacent tumour cells. Furthermore, the bacterial debris as well as the tumour-associated antigens would promote antitumor immune responses that prolong the survival of GBM-bearing mice. Moreover, we demonstrate the residual Trojan bacteria could be effectively eliminated from the body due to the distinct photothermal effects. We anticipate the proposed Trojan bacteria system would catalyze innovative therapies for various CNS diseases.