bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a global strategy for seabird tracking
Authors: Bernard Alice , Rodrigues Ana S.L. , Cazalis Victor , Grémillet David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectronic tracking technologies revolutionized wildlife ecology, notably for studying the movements of elusive species such as seabirds. Those advances are key to seabird conservation, for example in guiding the design of marine protected areas for this highly threatened group. Tracking data are also boosting scientific understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics in the context of global change. To optimize future tracking efforts, we performed a global assessment of seabird tracking data. We identified and mined 689 seabird tracking studies, reporting on > 28,000 individuals of 216 species from 17 families over the last four decades. We found substantial knowledge gaps, reflecting a historical neglect of tropical seabird ecology, with biases toward species that are heavier, oceanic, and from high‐latitude regions. Conservation status had little influence on seabird tracking propensity. We identified 54 threatened species for which we did not find published tracking records, and 19 with very little data. Additionally, much of the existing tracking data are not yet available to other researchers and decision‐makers in online databases. We highlight priority species and regions for future tracking efforts. More broadly, we provide guidance toward an ethical, rational, and efficient global tracking program for seabirds, as a contribution to their conservation.
Cardiac perfusion by positron emission tomography
Authors: Nammas Wail , Maaniitty Teemu , Knuuti Juhani , Saraste Antti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) is an established tool for evaluation of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The contemporary 3‐dimensional scanner technology and the state‐of‐the‐art MPI radionuclide tracers and pharmacological stress agents, as well as the cutting‐edge image reconstruction techniques and data analysis software, have all enabled accurate, reliable and reproducible quantification of absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF), and henceforth calculation of myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in several clinical scenarios. In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, both absolute stress MBF and MFR can identify myocardial territories subtended by epicardial coronary arteries with haemodynamically significant stenosis, as defined by invasive coronary fractional flow reserve measurement. In particular, absolute stress MBF and MFR offered incremental prognostic information for predicting adverse cardiac outcome, and hence for better patient risk stratification, over those provided by traditional clinical risk predictors. This article reviews the available evidence to support the translation of the current techniques and technologies into a useful decision‐making tool in real‐world clinical practice.
Post‐transplant inotrope score is associated with clinical outcomes after adult heart transplantation
Authors: Venema Constantijn S. , Erasmus Michiel E. , Mariani Massimo , Voors Adriaan A. , Damman Kevin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundInotrope score has been proposed as a marker of clinical outcome after adult heart transplantation (HTx) but is rarely used in practice.MethodsInotrope score during the first 48 h after HTx was calculated in 81 patients as: dopamine + dobutamine + amrinone + milrinone (dose × 15) + epinephrine (dose × 100) + norepinephrine (dose × 100) + enoximone + isoprenaline (dose × 100), with each drug in µg/kg/min. Determinants of inotrope score were identified with linear regression. Cox regression was used to determine the association of inotrope score with mortality.ResultsThe mean recipient age was 52 ± 11 years, and 32 (39.5%) patients were female. Determinants of inotrope score were preoperative C‐reactive protein, serum urea, congenital heart disease, and donor cardiac arrest (R2 = .30). Inotrope score was associated with 5‐year mortality, independent of recipient age and gender (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00‐1.07). This association was attenuated when adjusting for female‐to‐male transplant and ischemia time. Inotrope score was also strongly associated with continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03‐1.12).ConclusionHigh inotrope score post‐HTx was observed in recipient congenital heart disease and was associated with a higher risk of mortality and acute kidney injury.
Predicting impacts of global climatic change on genetic and phylogeographical diversity of a Neotropical treefrog
Authors: Abreu‐Jardim Tatianne P. F. , Jardim Lucas , Ballesteros‐Mejia Liliana , Maciel Natan M. , Collevatti Rosane G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimFuture climate changes may affect species distribution and their genetic diversity, hampering species adaptation to a new climate or tracking the suitable conditions. Amphibians have high sensitivity to environmental degradation and changes in temperature and humidity. Thus, the expected climatic changes by the end‐of‐century (EOC 2100) may cause local or complete extinction of some species. Here, we address the effects of climate change on genetic and phylogeographical diversity, together with the geographical distribution of the South American treefrog Scinax squalirostris Lutz, 1925. Furthermore, we assess how protected areas will conserve its genetic variation.LocationSouth America.MethodsWe combined Ecological Niche Modelling and genetic simulations to predict the effects of climate change on the geographical distribution, genetic diversity, structure and phylogeographical diversity of Scinax squalirostris, using two scenarios of CO2 emission. We also performed a spatial analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the current Protected Areas (PAs) to preserve the species’ genetic and phylogeographical diversity.ResultsScinax squalirostris' geographical range will potentially increase in the future due to the expansion of suitable areas towards its southern distribution, despite the shrinking of suitable areas in the northern part of its current distribution. Besides the shifts in suitable areas, our findings point to a genetic homogenization across the geographical range of S. squalirostris due to the displacement and loss of genetic ancestry clusters. Although existing PAs are conserving the current genetic diversity, they conserve less phylogeographical diversity than expected by chance. Scinax squalirostris may shift its distribution into areas with lower number of PAs, compromising its future conservation.Main conclusionsClimate change will potentially increase S. squalirostris range size, however, not towards regions where most of the current established PAs are located, hence driving to homogenization and loss of genetic diversity, and leading to a gap of conservation within PAs.
Prognostic significance of right ventricular function during exercise in asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hirasawa Kensuke , Izumo Masaki , Mizukoshi Kei , Nishikawa Haruka , Sato Yukio , Watanabe Mika , Kamijima Ryo , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and the utility of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) remains unclear. We investigated the value of right ventricular (RV) function and RV‐pulmonary artery (PA) coupling during exercise in asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients with nonobstructive HCM (nHCM).Method and resultsThis retrospective study evaluated 74 HCM patients (age 63 ± 13 years, 65% men) without LVOT obstruction (≥30 mmHg) who underwent​ ESE. Eight patients (11%) suffered from HCM‐related cardiac events during a median 2.5 years follow‐up. During exercise, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (Ex‐TAPSE) and Ex‐TAPSE/systolic pulmonary artery pressure [SPAP] ratio were more impaired in patients with than in those without events (22 ± 4 vs 26 ± 4 mm, P = .005; and 0.45 [0.41, 0.47] vs 0.56 [0.47, 0.82] mm/mmHg, P = .002). In Cox regression analysis, Ex‐TAPSE (HR: 1.397, P = .002) and the Ex‐TAPSE/SPAP ratio (HR: 2.737, P = .006) were associated with cardiac events. In Kaplan‐Meier analysis, patients with a low Ex‐TAPSE (<24 mm) and Ex‐TAPSE/SPAP ratio (<0.50 mm/mmHg) had a higher incidence of adverse outcomes than those with high Ex‐TAPSE (Log rank, P < .001 and =.001, respectively).ConclusionsA low Ex‐TAPSE and Ex‐TAPSE/SPAP ratio were associated with adverse outcomes in nHCM. Evaluation of RV functional performance during exercise may play a crucial role in the risk stratification of nHCM.
Biological effects of secondary metabolites of Inula racemosa on the parasitoid Bracon hebetor
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Saraf Isha , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Inder Pal , Kaur Sanehdeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSecondary plant metabolites play an important role in mediating interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and their parasitoids. These defensive compounds not only affect the growth and development of herbivores, but also influence their natural enemies. In the present study, the diet‐mediated effect of hexane extract of Inula racemosa (Hooker fil.) (Asteraceae) was evaluated on the growth and development of the gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using a polyphagous pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as its host. The influence of various concentrations of I. racemosa extract was recorded on B. hebetor’s parasitization behavior on its host larvae. The parasitism rate of naive female wasps decreased significantly when host larvae were reared on treated diet, but no adverse effect of plant extract was recorded on the viability of eggs. Detrimental effects of the plant extract were also detected in the form of reduced survival and delayed development of the parasitoid. Ingestion of hexane‐extract‐supplemented diet by S. litura adversely affected the emergence and parasitism rate of adults from the first generation of B. hebetor. In conclusion, consumption of I. racemosa extract by S. litura had a negative impact on various biological parameters of B. hebetor, although lower concentrations of plant extract had no adverse effects. There is a need to study the possible effects of secondary metabolites on these trophic interactions under natural conditions.
Clinical and ultrasound evaluation of patients with haemophilia on prophylaxis
Authors: Daffunchio Carla , Galatro Gustavo , Rossi Martín , Landro María , Andreu Mauro , Neme Daniela , Caviglia Horacio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrimary prophylaxis is the current gold standard in haemophilia care for the prevention of bleeding and ensuing joint damage. Early detection of joint bleeding, whether symptomatic or subclinical, preferably during childhood, helps prevent joint deterioration and subsequent disability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of agreement between the Haemophilia Joint Health Score and the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound tools in children with severe haemophilia on primary and secondary prophylaxis.Materials and MethodsAll patients were followed up regularly at our centre. Elbows, knees and ankles were evaluated by physical examination using the Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS 2.1), and by ultrasound with HEAD‐US score.ResultsA total of 80 children with haemophilia on prophylaxis were included in this study. Mean age was 10.8 years (range 4–18). We evaluated 480 joints, of which 423 (88.1%) were concordant with both tools, whereas 57 (11.9%) were discordant; 377 (78.5%) joints scored 0 on HJHS, 370 (77%) on HEAD‐US and 345 (72%) on both tools. The overall Kappa concordance coefficient was .656. For elbows, knees and ankles the respective values were .783, .522 and .589. For HJHS scores greater than 3, all joints scored ≥1 on HEAD‐US.ConclusionHJHS and HEAD‐US are used to assess joint health in children with haemophilia on prophylaxis. In this study, the level of agreement between both tools was consistent with literature values only for the elbow joint.
The emergence of creativity as an academic discipline: Examining the institutionalization of higher education programs
Authors: Aktas Fatih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a result of globalization and the digital revolution, the concept of creativity has become increasingly central to education policy and practice. On the one hand, the calls for creativity are driven by an economic imperative. The argument is that there has been a shift from an industrial‐based economy to a knowledge‐based economy to a creative economy. The calls for creativity are also driven by the social and personal development of individuals, approaching the concept more holistically. The increasing importance attached to the creativity concept has already resulted in the growth of the degree‐, certificate‐ and award‐bearing programs across higher education institutions. Building on a social constructivist perspective and adopting critical discourse analysis, this study examines how universities approach the conceptualization and institutionalization of the concept of creativity by undertaking content analysis of creativity related program mission statements and curriculum materials.
Effect of a sodium hypochlorite mouthwash on plaque and clinical parameters of periodontal disease‐a systematic review
Authors: Hussain Ahsan Mehran , van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to establish the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite mouthwash (NaOCl‐MW) compared with a control mouthwash on plaque and clinical parameters of periodontal disease.MethodsMEDLINE‐PubMed, Embase and Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched for clinical trials on patients with gingivitis or periodontitis that assessed the effect of NaOCl‐MW in comparison with a negative or positive control on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding index (BI) scores and probing pocket depth (PPD). Data were extracted from the eligible studies.ResultsSeven eligible papers were retrieved, which together represented six clinical trials. The studies showed considerable heterogeneity regarding methodological and clinical aspects that did not permit a meta‐analysis. Two of the three studies in which NaOCl‐MW was compared with a negative control showed that NaOCl‐MW significantly reduced PI, GI and BI, and no effect was found on PPD. In three studies, NaOCl‐MW was assessed using chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX‐MW) as a positive control; no difference was found for GI and BI. One of the three comparisons showed a statistically significant PI score favouring NaOCl‐MW. One study measured PPD and found it to be significant in favour of NaOCl‐MW.ConclusionsStudies with a negative control group provided very weak quality evidence for a very small beneficial effect of NaOCl‐MW on PI, GI and BI scores. Studies with a positive control group provided very weak quality evidence that NaOCl‐MW had a similar effect as CHX‐MW on PI, GI and BI scores. The outcome for PPD was inconclusive.
Insight into the corrosion failure of mullite thermal insulation materials in carbon monoxide
Authors: Xiang Ruofei , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Xue Zhengliang , Wang Hailu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe service condition of mullite thermal insulation materials is complicated, the effects of carbon deposition are always considered the primary cause of damage to mullite ceramic in carbon monoxide atmosphere. In the present study, mullite thermal insulation material was subjected to a carbon monoxide atmosphere at 1100°C–1400°C. The thermodynamics stability, phase composition, and microstructure of the mullite thermal insulation material were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of carbon monoxide corrosion on thermal shock resistance and compressive creep behavior at high temperatures were evaluated. The carbon content in the mullite‐based insulation material is below 0.02% after treatment at 1100°C–1400°C. After treatment at 1400°C, most areas in the specimen comprised corundum and glass phase, and K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe were detected as impurities, leading to the improvement of cold crushing strength after 20 thermal shocks but a remarkable recession in high‐temperature compressive creep.
Formation of low‐voltage zones on the anterior left atrial wall due to mechanical compression by the ascending aorta
Authors: Hayashida Satoshi , Nagashima Koichi , Kurokawa Sayaka , Arai Masaru , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Otsuka Naoto , Yagyu Seina , Iso Kazuki , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough low‐voltage zones (LVZs) in the left atrium (LA) are considered arrhythmogenic substrates in some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the pathophysiologic factors responsible for LVZ formations remain unclear.ObjectiveTo elucidate the anatomical relationship between the LA and ascending aorta responsible for anterior LA wall remodeling.MethodsWe assessed the relationship between existence of LVZs on the anterior LA wall and the three‐dimensional computed tomography image measurements in 102 patients who underwent AF ablation.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (28%) had LVZs grearer than 1.0 cm2 on the LA wall in the LA‐ascending aorta contact area (LVZ group); no LVZs were seen in the other 73 patients (no‐LVZ group). The LVZ group (vs. no‐LVZ group) had a smaller aorta‐LA angle (21.0 ± 7.7° vs. 24.9 ± 7.1°, p = .015), greater aorta‐left‐ventricle (LV) angle (131.3 ± 8.8° vs. 126.0 ± 7.9°; p = .005), greater diameter of the noncoronary cusp (NCC; 20.4 ± 2.2 vs. 19.3 ± 2.5 mm; p = .036), thinner LA wall‐thickness adjacent to the NCC (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8 mm; p = .006), and greater cardiothoracic ratio (percentage of the area in the thoracic area, 40.1 ± 7.1% vs. 35.4 ± 5.7%, p < .001). The aorta‐LA angle correlated positively with the patients’ body mass index (BMI), and the aorta‐LV angle correlated negatively with the body weight and BMI.ConclusionDeviation of the ascending aorta's course and distention of the NCC appear to be related to the development of LA anterior wall LVZs in the LA‐ascending aorta contact area. Mechanical pressure exerted by extracardiac structures on the LA along with the limited thoracic space may contribute to the development of LVZs associated with AF.
The epidemiology of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Thailand over 13 years (2005‐2017): A nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kasemsap Narongrit , Vorasoot Nisa , Kongbunkiat Kannikar , Tiamkao Somsak , Chotmongkol Veerajit , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Panitchote Anupol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere have been no published studies examining the epidemiology of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in large populations in Thailand. This study aimed to explore the incidence, patient characteristics, seasonality, treatments, and outcomes of GBS in Thailand. The National Health Security Office (NHSO) provided data on in‐patient admission between fiscal year 2005 and 2017. We selected all patients with a primary diagnosis of GBS. We retrieved data regarding the total population from the Department of Provincial Administration. A total of 4521 patients with GBS were included. The median age was 42 years (IQR 22‐56), and 61.5% were male. The incidence rate increased from 0.48 to 0.93 per 100 000 population over the 13 years. The incidence was increased with age and a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.6:1. There was seasonal variation in the rate of admission for GBS, with significantly more patients admitted in rainy vs summer (IRR 1.94, 95%CI 1.80‐2.10, P < .001) and winter vs summer (IRR 1.48, 95%CI 1.36‐1.60, P < .001). Treatment with IVIg increased from 4.4% to 29.6% (P < .001), whereas plasmapheresis decreased significantly from 4% to 1.32% (P = .017). The mortality rate was 3.5%. Elderly and young adults had a significantly higher mortality rate when compared to children and teenagers (P < .001 and P = .003). The incidence of GBS in Thailand was steady over 13 years and was greater in rainy and winter season. Treatment with IVIg increased while plasmapheresis decreased. Mortality was higher in elderly patients.
Perspectives of Black women in the United States on salon‐based intervention to promote the uptake of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV
Authors: Johnson Ragan , Myers Danielle , McKellar Mehri , Saint‐Hillaire Lamercie , Randolph Schenita D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand Black women's perspectives on a pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) education intervention in a salon setting.BackgroundBlack women have a significant lifetime risk of acquiring HIV. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention approach in reducing that risk. Despite this, Black women are least likely to use PrEP.DesignThis was a qualitative study to identify Black women's perspectives on acceptability of a PrEP education intervention in a salon setting using hair stylists. The paper adhered to the COREQ checklist in reporting.MethodsSeven focus groups among Black women (n = 44) living in north‐central North Carolina were conducted. Ethical approval was obtained. The interview guide included questions on knowledge of PrEP and barriers and facilitators to a PrEP promotion programme in a salon setting.ResultsConventional content analysis considered content in relation to themes of facilitators, barriers and women's preferences for intervention delivery. Facilitators included the salon characteristics, social culture and relationship with the stylist. Women noted concerns of accuracy of content from stylists and privacy as barriers.ConclusionsParticipants’ trust with their stylists make a PrEP education salon‐based intervention feasible. Salon‐based interventions are not one‐size‐fits‐all and researchers interested in this setting should tailor interventions to the individual salon. Interventions for PrEP in a salon setting should be culturally appropriate, confidential and consider the potential reach to the social networks of Black women in the salon.Relevance to clinical practiceThe insights shared by Black women can contribute to developing a PrEP uptake intervention as a way of reducing new cases of HIV.