bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heuristics and protective behavior for floods
Authors: Starominski‐Uehara Marvin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFindings from the literature of flood risk management have suggested that heuristics increase exposure to flood risks. This article models some of these conventional heuristics. The main finding emerging from survey data is that not every heuristic significantly correlates with the decision of households to not take protective actions. Flood experience, as it has been corroborated in the literature, turned out to be the main driver among residents living in flood‐prone areas in Southeast Queensland, Australia, to take protective actions against flood risks. More specifically, households who featured perceived negative flood experiences were more likely to take out flood insurance, retrofit or raise their property, and relocate. This survey analysis is supported by the Theory of Ecological Rationality. It suggests that flood mitigation policies should create models that mimic real‐world decision‐making processes to gain further insights into how flood experience affects risk perception and decision‐making under uncertainty.
Partisanship, policy options, and risk: Perceived influence of political partisanship on health emergency preparedness
Authors: Myers Nathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 21st century has seen the emergence of two novel coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID‐19 (coronavirus infectious disease of 2019). In the wake of the 9/11 attacks in 2001, Republicans and Democrats were united in their concerns regarding SARS and the potential threat of biological weapons. That united front was not to be seen during the 2016 debate over supplemental funding for Zika. The primary focus of this study is whether the perception of partisanship in the public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) area affects attitudes about policy options regarding PHEP. To investigate these issues, a Qualtrics online survey of members of hospital preparedness coalitions was conducted. The survey questions covered issues such as the level of governmental priority placed on fighting infectious disease, respondents' level of confidence that the essential functions of government are being managed, the role of partisanship in PHEP decision making, and support for proposals to reform the government's infectious disease response. A statistically significant association was found between respondents' reporting that partisanship in PHEP presents a risk of injury or death and support for all the proposed reforms, indicating a desire to decentralize PHEP activities and a need to reinvigorate PHEP bipartisanship.
Reactive oxygen species as potential antiviral targets
Authors: Sander Willem J. , Fourie Corinne , Sabiu Saheed , O'Neill Frans H. , Pohl Carolina H. , O'Neill Hester G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are by‐products of cellular metabolism and can be either beneficial, at low levels, or deleterious, at high levels, to the cell. It is known that several viral infections can increase oxidative stress, which is mainly facilitated by viral‐induced imbalances in the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the cell. While the exact role of ROS in certain viral infections (adenovirus and dengue virus) remains unknown, other viruses can use ROS for enhancement of pathogenesis (SARS coronavirus and rabies virus) or replication (rhinovirus, West Nile virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) or both (hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus). While several viral proteins (mainly for hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus) have been identified to play a role in ROS formation, most mediators of viral ROS modulation are yet to be elucidated. Treatment of viral infections, including hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, with ROS inhibitors has shown a decrease in both pathogenesis and viral replication both in vitro and in animal models. Clinical studies indicating the potential for targeting ROS‐producing pathways as possible broad‐spectrum antiviral targets should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
Influenza vaccines: Past, present, and future
Authors: Kim Yun‐Hee , Hong Kee‐Jong , Kim Hun , Nam Jae‐Hwan 
Published: May 2021

​SummaryGlobally, infection by seasonal influenza viruses causes 3–5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza vaccines, including inactivated split‐ and subunit‐type, recombinant and live attenuated vaccines, have been developed since the 1930s when it was discovered that influenza viruses could be cultivated in embryonated eggs. However, the protection rate offered by these vaccines is rather low, especially in very young children and the elderly. In this review, we describe the history of influenza vaccine development, the immune responses induced by the vaccines and the adjuvants applied. Further, we suggest future directions for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in all age groups. This includes the development of an influenza vaccine that induces a balanced T helper cell type 1 and type 2 immune responses based on the understanding of the immune system, and the development of a broad‐spectrum influenza vaccine that can increase effectiveness despite antigen shifts and drifts, which are characteristics of the influenza virus. A brighter future can be envisaged if the development of an adjuvant that is safe and effective is realized.
Neural‐network‐based distributed security filtering for networked switched systems
Authors: Shang Hui , Zong Guangdeng , Shi Kaibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, distributed security filtering is investigated for networked switched systems under the round‐robin protocol (RRP). In order to fully take the practical situation into account, a cyber attack without additional bounded constraint is considered by introducing the neural network approximate technique. Moreover, the scattered sensor nodes are universally utilized to transmit and collect system information. The distributed filtering is proposed for the networked switched systems to estimate the system output. In order to ease data collisions, RRP is taken to schedule signal communication through the shared network. By constructing a token‐dependent and mode‐dependent Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are given to ensure the filtering error system under cyber attack is finite‐time bounded. The filtering gains are determined by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the availability of the acquired methods is verified by a PWM‐driven boost converter model.
Developing more generalizable prediction models from pooled studies and large clustered data sets
Authors: de Jong Valentijn M. T. , Moons Karel G. M. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Riley Richard D. , Debray Thomas P. A. 
Published: May 2021

Prediction models often yield inaccurate predictions for new individuals. Large data sets from pooled studies or electronic healthcare records may alleviate this with an increased sample size and variability in sample characteristics. However, existing strategies for prediction model development generally do not account for heterogeneity in predictor‐outcome associations between different settings and populations. This limits the generalizability of developed models (even from large, combined, clustered data sets) and necessitates local revisions. We aim to develop methodology for producing prediction models that require less tailoring to different settings and populations. We adopt internal‐external cross‐validation to assess and reduce heterogeneity in models' predictive performance during the development. We propose a predictor selection algorithm that optimizes the (weighted) average performance while minimizing its variability across the hold‐out clusters (or studies). Predictors are added iteratively until the estimated generalizability is optimized. We illustrate this by developing a model for predicting the risk of atrial fibrillation and updating an existing one for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis, using individual participant data from 20 cohorts (N = 10 873) and 11 diagnostic studies (N = 10 014), respectively. Meta‐analysis of calibration and discrimination performance in each hold‐out cluster shows that trade‐offs between average and heterogeneity of performance occurred. Our methodology enables the assessment of heterogeneity of prediction model performance during model development in multiple or clustered data sets, thereby informing researchers on predictor selection to improve the generalizability to different settings and populations, and reduce the need for model tailoring. Our methodology has been implemented in the R package metamisc.
Absence of Microsatellite Instability in Extramammary Paget's Disease
Authors: Kashiwada-Nakamura K. , Myangat T. M. , Kajihara I. , Kusaba Y. , Tanaka K. , Sakamoto R. , Maeda-Otsuka S. , Yamada-Kanazawa S. , Sawamura S. , Kanemaru H. , Nishimura Y. , Honda N. , Makino K. , Miyashita A. , Aoi J. , Igata T. , Makino T. , Masuguchi S. , Fukushima S. , Ihn H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) induces microsatellite instability (MSI). Pembrolizumab, an antibody targeting PD-1 (an immune checkpoint inhibitor), is more effective against MMR-deficient tumours than against MMR-proficient tumours. The status of MMR is a useful biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of pembrolizumab administration. Although the status of MMR has attracted attention in skin tumours, there are few reports on MSI in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).

Objectives
To evaluate the status of MMR in patients with EMPD.

Materials & Methods
One hundred one patients with EMPD were included. MMR status of the genomic DNA of each subject was analysed using Promega panel (approved as a companion diagnostic agent for the administration of pembrolizumab).

Results
MSI testing showed the occurrence rates of MSI-high (more than two markers are unstable), MSI-low (one marker is unstable) and MSS (all markers are stable) tumour tissues were 0% (0/101), 1.0% (1/101) and 99.0% (100/101), respectively.

Conclusion
The status of MMR may not be useful for the potential therapeutic application of pembrolizumab.
Microfluidics for Microswimmers: Engineering Novel Swimmers and Constructing Swimming Lanes on the Microscale, a Tutorial Review
Authors: Sharan Priyanka , Nsamela Audrey , Lesher‐Pérez Sasha Cai , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an updated review of recent advances in microfluidics applied to artificial and biohybrid microswimmers. Sharing the common regime of low Reynolds number, the two fields have been brought together to take advantage of the fluid characteristics at the microscale, benefitting microswimmer research multifold. First, microfluidics offer simple and relatively low‐cost devices for high‐fidelity production of microswimmers made of organic and inorganic materials in a variety of shapes and sizes. Microscale confinement and the corresponding fluid properties have demonstrated differential microswimmer behaviors in microchannels or in the presence of various types of physical or chemical stimuli. Custom environments to study these behaviors have been designed in large part with the help of microfluidics. Evaluating microswimmers in increasingly complex lab environments such as microfluidic systems can ensure more effective implementation for in‐field applications. The benefits of microfluidics for the fabrication and evaluation of microswimmers are balanced by the potential use of microswimmers for sample manipulation and processing in microfluidic systems, a large obstacle in diagnostic and other testing platforms. In this review various ways in which these two complementary technology fields will enhance microswimmer development and implementation in various fields are introduced.
Systems biology for crop improvement
Authors: Pazhamala Lekha T. , Kudapa Himabindu , Weckwerth Wolfram , Millar A. Harvey , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, generation of large‐scale data from genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, epigenome, and others, has become routine in several plant species. Most of these datasets in different crop species, however, were studied independently and as a result, full insight could not be gained on the molecular basis of complex traits and biological networks. A systems biology approach involving integration of multiple omics data, modeling, and prediction of the cellular functions is required to understand the flow of biological information that underlies complex traits. In this context, systems biology with multiomics data integration is crucial and allows a holistic understanding of the dynamic system with the different levels of biological organization interacting with external environment for a phenotypic expression. Here, we present recent progress made in the area of various omics studies—integrative and systems biology approaches with a special focus on application to crop improvement. We have also discussed the challenges and opportunities in multiomics data integration, modeling, and understanding of the biology of complex traits underpinning yield and stress tolerance in major cereals and legumes.
Comparative study of antimicrobial action of aloe vera and antibiotics against different bacterial isolates from skin infection
Authors: Arbab Safia , Ullah Hanif , Weiwei Wang , Wei Xiaojuan , Ahmad Salah Uddin , Wu Lingyu , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAloe vera is reputed to have medicinal properties. For centuries, it has been used for an array of ailments such as mild fever, wounds and burns, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, sexual vitality and fertility problems to cancer, immune modulation, AIDS and various skin infections. In present study, antibacterial activity of aloe vera gel extracts was tested against some common skin infection pathogens, that is, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus all were recorded positive. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of above isolates were also studied against 10 clinically significant antibiotics (ampicillin [AMC], amoxicillin, augmentin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime [CAZ], cefuroxime [CXM], ciprofloxaci, tetracycline, cefpodoxime and imipenem). AMC and CXM were found to be most effective antibiotic followed by CXM with highest efficacy against Gram‐negative bacteria. In case of CAZ showed highest efficacy was showed against Gram‐positive bacteria. Aloe vera leave gel was extracted with four different solvent‐like aloe vera leaf extract, root extract, leaf ethanol extract and root ethanol extract; however, Gram‐negative as well Gram‐positive isolates was found highest susceptibility with aloe leaf and aloe root ethanol extract. Moderate sensitivity observed with aloe leaf extract and aloe root extract against both Gram‐positive as well as Gram‐negative bacterial isolates. This result showed that ethanol extracts of aloe vera both leaf and root can be used alongside conventional antibiotics to fight agents of infections that are so prevalent in the skin infection.
Modulator effect of mangiferin on biochemical characterization in 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced oral cancer in experimental hamsters
Authors: Liu Min , Wen Chengquan , Pan Shengqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNewly, chemo‐preventive technique might be a hopeful advancement in developing countries for treating cancers with the aid of toxic less natural based constituents. Malignancy urges to augment effectual chemo‐preventive agents that are look forward to suppress the tumours which may be stimulated by chewing and smoking of tobacco and over alcohol consumption related with the high prevalence of human oral cancer (OC) patients.MethodsIn the present research, we examined to assess antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and detoxification enzymes levels of anticancer activity of mangiferin on 0.5% 7.12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) provoked hamster cheek pouch carcinoma (HCPC). OC on hamster buccal pouch (HBP) was incited by DMBA treatment for thrice per week for over 14 weeks.Results100% well defined OC establishment with body weight (bw), tumour burden (TB), antioxidant, LPO and liver marker enzymes and also histological changes were observed on DMBA‐challenged buccal pouch carcinoma (BPC) in hamsters. Orally treated mangiferin at an effective dosage of 50 mg/kg bw, to DMBA painted hamsters were significantly averted the body weight, succession of tumour, the biochemical as well as histopathological changes.ConclusionFindings of this work clearly suggest that the anti‐carcinoma effect of mangiferin possesses the modulator effects on potent antioxidant, anti‐LPO and detoxification agents to expel the metabolites of malignant cells, on DMBA‐provoked BPC in hamsters.
Ribosome dynamics and mRNA turnover, a complex relationship under constant cellular scrutiny
Authors: Morris Christelle , Cluet David , Ricci Emiliano P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEukaryotic gene expression is closely regulated by translation and turnover of mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of translation in the control of mRNA degradation, both for aberrant and apparently normal mRNAs. During translation, the information contained in mRNAs is decoded by ribosomes, one codon at a time, and tRNAs, by specifically recognizing codons, translate the nucleotide code into amino acids. Such a decoding step does not process regularly, with various obstacles that can hinder ribosome progression, then leading to ribosome stalling or collisions. The progression of ribosomes is constantly monitored by the cell which has evolved several translation‐dependent mRNA surveillance pathways, including nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), no‐go decay (NGD), and non‐stop decay (NSD), to degrade certain problematic mRNAs and the incomplete protein products. Recent progress in sequencing and ribosome profiling has made it possible to discover new mechanisms controlling ribosome dynamics, with numerous crosstalks between translation and mRNA decay. We discuss here various translation features critical for mRNA decay, with particular focus on current insights from the complexity of the genetic code and also the emerging role for the ribosome as a regulatory hub orchestrating mRNA decay, quality control, and stress signaling. Even if the interplay between mRNA translation and degradation is no longer to be demonstrated, a better understanding of their precise coordination is worthy of further investigation.This article is categorized under:
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Olefins Using a Nanostructured Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Klarner Mara , Bieger Sandra , Drechsler Markus , Kempe Rhett 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of functionalized olefins is of great importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report on a nanostructured nickel catalyst that enables the selective hydrogenation of purely aliphatic and functionalized olefins under mild conditions. The earth‐abundant metal catalyst allows the selective hydrogenation of sterically protected olefins and further tolerates functional groups such as carbonyls, esters, ethers and nitriles. The characterization of our catalyst revealed the formation of surface oxidized metallic nickel nanoparticles stabilized by a N‐doped carbon layer on the active carbon support.
Quantification and Identification of Post-Translational Modifications Using Modern Proteomics Approaches
Authors: Holtz Anja , Basisty Nathan , Schilling Birgit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPost-translational modifications (PTMs) occur dynamically, allowing cells to quickly respond to changes in the environment. Lysine residues can be targeted by several modifications including acylations (acetylation, succinylation, malonylation, glutarylation, and others), methylation, ubiquitination, and other modifications. One of the most efficient methods for the identification of post-translational modifications is utilizing immunoaffinity enrichment followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This workflow can be coupled with comprehensive data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry to be a high-throughput, label-free PTM quantification approach. Below we describe a detailed protocol to process tissue by homogenization and proteolytically digest proteins, followed by immunoaffinity enrichment of lysine-acetylated peptides to identify and quantify relative changes of acetylation comparing different conditions.
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics: An Overview
Authors: Rozanova Svitlana , Barkovits Katalin , Nikolov Miroslav , Schmidt Carla , Urlaub Henning , Marcus Katrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, mass spectrometry has moved more than ever before into the front line of protein-centered research. After being established at the qualitative level, the more challenging question of quantification of proteins and peptides using mass spectrometry has become a focus for further development. In this chapter, we discuss and review actual strategies and problems of the methods for the quantitative analysis of peptides, proteins, and finally proteomes by mass spectrometry. The common themes, the differences, and the potential pitfalls of the main approaches are presented in order to provide a survey of the emerging field of quantitative, mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview
Authors: Siddiq E. A. , Vemireddy Lakshminarayana R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is life for more than half of the human population on Earth. In the history of rice breeding, two major yield breakthroughs or leaps occurred, which phenomenally revolutionized rice breeding: the Green Revolution in the 1960s and hybrid technology in the 1970s. However, the fruits of these technologies have not spread globally to all rice-growing areas, especially African countries, for diverse reasons. It is estimated that at least 50% more rice yield is needed to feed the anticipated nine billion people by 2050. This clearly warrants another breakthrough in rice. It is apparent that the currently used conventional and molecular marker-assisted methods need to be updated with multi-pronged approaches involving innovative cutting-edge technologies for achieving the next breakthrough in rice. Here, we attempt to discuss the exciting avenues for the next advances in rice breeding by exploiting cutting-edge technologies.
Advanced Biocleaning System for Historical Wall Paintings
Authors: Ranalli Giancarlo , Zanardini Elisabetta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter will focus on the potential role of safe microorganisms as biocleaning agents in the removal of altered or undesirable organic substances on historical wall paintings. Selected microbes can be adopted as biological cleaners to reduce and remove deterioration ageing phenomena, environmental pollutants and altered by-products of past intervention of restorations. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view on the role and potentiality of virtuous microorganisms pro- biocleaning of altered historical wall paintings. We also report four case studies in the CH restoration field, carried out in the last 25 years, with the innovative use of bacteria and different delivery systems, focusing the attention on the preliminary diagnosis and the monitoring of the whole process. The CH field represents a great challenge and Science and Art link together the work of conservator scientists and historians with researchers and scientists, sharing their diverse expertises and joining the knowledges to the preservation and the conservation of our artistic patrimony.