bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of isometric handgrip exercise with or without blood flow restriction on interference control and feelings
Authors: Yamada Yujiro , Song Jun Seob , Bell Zachary W. , Wong Vickie , Spitz Robert W. , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether isometric handgrip exercise, with or without blood flow restriction, would alter interference control and feelings. 60 healthy young adults completed three experimental visits, consisting of four sets of 2 min isometric handgrip exercise, at 30% of maximal strength with or without blood flow restriction (50% of arterial occlusion pressure), or a non‐exercise/time‐matched control. Exercise‐induced feeling inventory and Stroop Color Word Test were performed at pre‐ and ~10‐min post‐exercise, respectively. Bayes factors (BF10) quantified the evidence for or against the null. There were no changes or differences between conditions for interference control following exercise with or without blood flow restriction (Incongruent BF10: 0.155; Stroop Interference BF10: 0.082). There were also no differences in the error rate as well as no differences between conditions for changes in ‘positivity’ or ‘revitalization’. Feelings of ‘tranquility’ were reduced relative to a control following exercise with (median δ [95% credible interval]: −0.74 (−1.05, −0.45), BF10: 5515.7) and without (median δ: −0.72 [−1.02, −0.41], BF10: 571.3) blood flow restriction. These changes were not different between exercise conditions. Feelings of ‘physical exhaustion’ were increased relative to a control following exercise without blood flow restriction (median δ: 0.35[0.09, 0.61], BF10: 5.84). However, this increase was not different from the same exercise with blood flow restriction. These results suggest that 1) isometric handgrip exercise could be performed without impairing interference control, even when blood flow restriction is added, and that 2) changes in feelings occur independent of changes in interference control.
991. NICOTIANA ROSULATA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNicotiana rosulata is illustrated from plants grown from seeds collected near Leonora in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. The plants were cultivated in the quarantine house of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The taxonomic history, ecology, cytology and cultivation of this species are discussed.
998. NICOTIANA PILA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe new species Nicotiana pila is described here from plants collected in the Little Sandy Desert of Western Australia. Seeds were germinated and plants cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which were used for the illustration. Its taxonomic history, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
1001. NICOTIANA MEGALOSIPHON
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNicotiana megalosiphon is illustrated from plants cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which were grown from seeds collected near the bridge over the Mehi River near Moree, New South Wales, Australia. Its taxonomic history, ecology, cytology, etymology and cultivation are discussed. The two subspecies previously recognised within this taxon are here elevated to species level: N. megalosiphon (sensu stricto) and N. sessilifolia (comb. nov.).
Collaboration for conservation: Assessing countrywide carnivore occupancy dynamics from sparse data
Authors: Van der Weyde Leanne K. , Tobler Mathias W. , Gielen Marie Charlotte , Cozzi Gabriele , Weise Florian J. , Adams Tempe , Bauer Dominik , Bennitt Emily , Bowles Matthew , Brassine Alienor , Broekhuis Femke , Chase Michael , Collins Kai , Finerty Genevieve E. , Golabek Krystyna , Hartley Robyn , Henley Steve , Isden Jessica , Keeping Derek , Kesch Kristina , Klein Rebecca , Kokole Morulaganyi , Kotze Robynne , LeFlore Eric , Maude Glyn , McFarlane Kevin , McNutt J. Weldon , Mills Gus , Morapedi Mompoloi , Morgan Simon , Ngaka Keitumetse , Proust Nicolas , Rich Lindsey , Roodbal Marnus , Selebatso Moses , Snyman Andrei , Stein Andrew , Sutcliff Robert , Tshimologo Botilo , Whitesell Carolyn , Winterbach Christiaan , Flyman Michael V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimAssessing the distribution and persistence of species across their range is a crucial component of wildlife conservation. It demands data at adequate spatial scales and over extended periods of time, which may only be obtained through collaborative efforts, and the development of methods that integrate heterogeneous datasets. We aimed to combine existing data on large carnivores to evaluate population dynamics and improve knowledge on their distribution nationwide.LocationBotswana.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2016, we collated data on African wild dog, cheetah, leopard, brown and spotted hyaena and lion gathered with different survey methods by independent researchers across Botswana. We used a multi‐species, multi‐method dynamic occupancy model to analyse factors influencing occupancy, persistence and colonization, while accounting for imperfect detection. Lastly, we used the gained knowledge to predict the probability of occurrence of each species countrywide.ResultsWildlife areas and communal rangelands had similar occupancy probabilities for most species. Large carnivore occupancy was low in commercial farming areas and where livestock density was high, except for brown hyaena. Lion occupancy was negatively associated with human density; lion and spotted hyaena occupancy was high where rainfall was high, while the opposite applied to brown hyaena. Lion and leopard occupancy remained constant countrywide over the study period. African wild dog and cheetah occupancy declined over time in the south and north, respectively, whereas both hyaena species expanded their ranges. Countrywide predictions identified the highest occupancy for leopards and lowest for the two hyaena species.Main ConclusionsWe highlight the necessity of data sharing and propose a generalizable analytical method that addresses the challenges of heterogeneous data common in ecology. Our approach, which enables a comprehensive multi‐species assessment at large spatial and temporal scales, supports the development of data‐driven conservation guidelines and the implementation of evidence‐based management strategies nationally and internationally.
WASH for all: A systematic review of Physiological and Sociological Characterization Framework segmentation in WASH policies, programmes, and projects
Authors: Delhi Venkata Santosh Kumar , Devkar Ganesh , Narayanan Sriharini , Devaraj Reeba , Ayyangar Akshaya , Rajan A. Thillai 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMotivationInitially, governments started with the overarching objective of providing universal access to WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) services. During the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period 2000–2015, there was increased motivation to understand requirements of different sectors of the population in order to ensure universal, equitable access.PurposeThis article reports findings of a systematic review looking at three questions: what segments of the population have been addressed in WASH policies, and programme and projects? How do the population segments vary between sectors and regions? What barriers, strategies, and benefits for providing WASH services have been identified for different population segments?Methods and approachPopulations can be segmented using two broad paradigms: Physiological Characterization Framework (PCF), which classifies the population on the basis of the life cycle; and Sociological Characterization Framework (SCF), classifying the population on the basis of caste, ethnicity, income, location, and occupation. Policy documents and programme and project (P&P) documents pertaining to the WASH sector were synthesized.FindingsAt a policy level, SCF is used more widely than PCF. In the context of PCF, women were the focus of a relatively large number of policies. Adequacy, environmental, and attitudinal barriers were those most commonly identified across both PCF and SCF segments in WASH policies and P&Ps. In PCF, beneficiary participation and information, education, and communication (IEC) strategies were the more commonly adopted strategies, whereas project management, financing, and provision of services were more frequently adopted for SCF. Availability was the most common benefit identified across PCF and SCF in terms of policy and also P&P.Policy implicationsWASH policies can create an enabling framework by specifically mentioning the different PCF segments in order to facilitate adoption and percolation of the life‐course approach in P&Ps. Incorporating this approach within the current SCF paradigm can help achieve inclusiveness. Greater effort is required to understand barriers faced by PCF segments and to devise strategies to overcome them. Policy‐makers should expand the spectrum of benefits to all categories within PCF in WASH policies.
Racial and ethnic inequities in the early distribution of U.S. COVID‐19 testing sites and mortality
Authors: Dalva‐Baird Nathan P. , Alobuia Wilson M. , Bendavid Eran , Bhattacharya Jay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, early U.S. COVID‐19 testing sites offered diagnostic capacity to patients and were important sources of epidemiological data about the spread of the novel pandemic disease. However, little research has comprehensively described American testing sites’ distribution by race/ethnicity and sought to identify any relation to known disparities in COVID‐19 outcomes.MethodsLocations of U.S. COVID‐19 testing sites were gathered from 16 April to 28 May 2020. Geographic testing disparities were evaluated with comparisons of the demographic makeup of zip codes around each testing site versus Monte Carlo simulations, aggregated to statewide and nationwide levels. State testing disparities were compared with statewide disparities in mortality observed one to 3 weeks later using multivariable regression, controlling for confounding disparities and characteristics.ResultsNationwide, COVID‐19 testing sites geographically overrepresented White residents on 7 May, underrepresented Hispanic residents on 16 April, 7 May and 28 May and overrepresented Black residents on 28 May compared with random distribution within counties, with new sites added over time exhibiting inconsistent disparities for Black and Hispanic populations. For every 1 percentage point increase in underrepresentation of Hispanic populations in zip codes with testing, mortality among the state's Hispanic population was 1.04 percentage points more over‐representative (SE = 0.415, p = .01).ConclusionsAmerican testing sites were not distributed equitably by race during this analysis, often underrepresenting minority populations who bear a disproportionate burden of COVID‐19 cases and deaths. With an easy‐to‐implement measure of geographic disparity, these results provide empirical support for the consideration of access when distributing preventive resources.
Volatile chemical signals underlying the host plant preferences of Tuta absoluta
Authors: Subramani Vanitha , Pagadala Damodaram Kamala Jayanthi , Goravale Krishnegowda Ramegowda , Parepally Saravan Kumar , Kempraj Vivek , Thimmappa Raghava , Kodthalu Seetharamaiah Shivashankara , Vaddi Sridhar , Hookunda Boregowda Lingaiah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe South American leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious pest of tomato causing substantial annual economic losses at a global scale. Our study comprised choice and no‐choice bioassays, aimed at understanding the preference of this oligophagous pest for a few selected solanaceous hosts (tomato, potato, eggplant, ashwagandha, black nightshade, wild tomato, tobacco, and datura), and the identification of the volatile cues that influence its host selection process. In choice assays, T. absoluta females preferred tomato for oviposition over all the other plants, whereas ashwagandha, tobacco, and datura were the least preferred; on datura zero eggs were laid. A similar trend was observed in the subsequent number of larval mines formed. The moth’s preference for host plants of the genus Solanum was quite evident in both the choice and no‐choice assays. Tomato plant volatiles were found to be more attractive to the female moths in single‐ and dual‐choice olfactometer assays. In electroantennographic bioassays, the mean depolarization was significant for tomato, potato, ashwagandha, and eggplant compared to empty air and honey. In total 76 volatile compounds were identified in the GC‐MS analysis across the eight previously selected host–plant headspace samples. Principal component analysis revealed that 1‐fluorododecane and p‐quinone mainly contributed to the observed variation among the host plant volatiles. Of all the host plants, tomato, wild tomato, and tobacco were found to share similarities with respect to volatile cues, whereas ashwagandha, eggplant, and datura were found to be closely related. The other two hosts, potato and black nightshade, had fewer volatiles in common. Volatile cues, namely p‐quinone, 2‐carene, δ‐curcumene, and 1,2‐diethylbenzene, in tomato could serve as oviposition stimulants to T. absoluta, whereas the presence of 1‐fluorododecane in host plants such as datura, eggplant, ashwagandha, and black nightshade, might have deterred T. absoluta from ovipositing. 1‐Fluorododecane was found to be completely absent in tomato.
Alcohol use and brain morphology in adolescence: A longitudinal study in three different cohorts
Authors: El Marroun Hanan , Klapwijk Eduard T. , Koevoets Martijn , Brouwer Rachel M. , Peters Sabine , van't Ent Dennis , Boomsma Dorret I. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Crone Eveline A. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Franken Ingmar H. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlcohol consumption is commonly initiated during adolescence, but the effects on human brain development remain unknown. In this multisite study, we investigated the longitudinal associations of adolescent alcohol use and brain morphology. Three longitudinal cohorts in the Netherlands (BrainScale n = 200, BrainTime n = 239 and a subsample of the Generation R study n = 318) of typically developing participants aged between 8 and 29 years were included. Adolescent alcohol use was self‐reported. Longitudinal neuroimaging data were collected for at least two time points. Processing pipelines and statistical analyses were harmonized across cohorts. Main outcomes were global and regional brain volumes, which were a priori selected. Linear mixed effect models were used to test main effects of alcohol use and interaction effects of alcohol use with age in each cohort separately. Alcohol use was associated with adolescent's brain morphology showing accelerated decrease in grey matter volumes, in particular in the frontal and cingulate cortex volumes, and decelerated increase in white matter volumes. No dose–response association was observed. The findings were most prominent and consistent in the older cohorts (BrainScale and BrainTime). In summary, this longitudinal study demonstrated differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories of grey and white matter volume in adolescents who consume alcohol compared with non‐users. These findings highlight the importance to further understand underlying neurobiological mechanisms when adolescents initiate alcohol consumption. Therefore, further studies need to determine to what extent this reflects the causal nature of this association, as this longitudinal observational study does not allow for causal inference.
Ultrahigh field in vivo characterization of microstructural abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala in autism
Authors: Fischi‐Gomez Elda , Bonnier Guillaume , Ward Noreen , Granziera Cristina , Hadjikhani Nouchine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are currently no biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This neurodevelopmental condition has previously been associated with histopathological findings, including increased neuronal packing density in the amygdala, abnormal laminar cytoarchitecture and increased average neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex. The present study examined whether new brain imaging technologies could reveal in vivo, in adults with ASD, the manifestation of previously described histopathological changes. Using quantitative mapping at ultrahigh field (7 Tesla), we show that we can observe microstructural alterations in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the bilateral amygdala in adult individuals with ASD in vivo. These imaging alterations point to an abnormal laminar cytoarchitecture and to an increased neuronal density, similar to what has been previously described in post‐mortem data in ASD. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to visualize, in vivo and at the individual level, alterations of cortical and subcortical microstructure in ASD. Future studies will be needed to extend these findings to a larger group of individuals and evaluate their association with symptomatology as well as their specificity among the different neurodevelopmental disorders.
Riluzole does not ameliorate disease caused by cytoplasmic TDP‐43 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Wright Amanda L. , Della Gatta Paul A. , Le Sheng , Berning Britt A. , Mehta Prachi , Jacobs Kelly R. , Gul Hossai , San Gil Rebecca , Hedl Thomas J. , Riddell Winonah R. , Watson Owen , Keating Sean S. , Venturato Juliana , Chung Roger S. , Atkin Julie D. , Lee Albert , Shi Bingyang , Blizzard Catherine A. , Morsch Marco , Walker Adam K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease commonly treated with riluzole, a small molecule that may act via modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, riluzole only modestly extends lifespan for people living with ALS, and its precise mechanisms of action remain unclear. Most ALS cases are characterised by accumulation of cytoplasmic TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43), and understanding the effects of riluzole in models that closely recapitulate TDP‐43 pathology may provide insights for development of improved therapeutics. We therefore investigated the effects of riluzole in female transgenic mice that inducibly express nuclear localisation sequence (NLS)‐deficient human TDP‐43 in neurons (NEFH‐tTA/tetO‐hTDP‐43ΔNLS, ‘rNLS8’, mice). Riluzole treatment from the first day of hTDP‐43ΔNLS expression did not alter disease onset, weight loss or performance on multiple motor behavioural tasks. Riluzole treatment also did not alter TDP‐43 protein levels, solubility or phosphorylation. Although we identified a significant decrease in GluA2 and GluA3 proteins in the cortex of rNLS8 mice, riluzole did not ameliorate this disease‐associated molecular phenotype. Likewise, riluzole did not alter the disease‐associated atrophy of hindlimb muscle in rNLS8 mice. Finally, riluzole treatment beginning after disease onset in rNLS8 mice similarly had no effect on progression of late‐stage disease or animal survival. Together, we demonstrate specific glutamatergic receptor alterations and muscle fibre‐type changes reminiscent of ALS in female rNLS8 mice, but riluzole had no effect on these or any other disease phenotypes. Future targeting of pathways related to accumulation of TDP‐43 pathology may be needed to develop better treatments for ALS.
A novel morphometric signature of brain alterations in type 2 diabetes: Patterns of changed cortical gyrification
Authors: Crisóstomo Joana , Duarte João V. , Moreno Carolina , Gomes Leonor , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that creates atrophic signatures in the brain, including decreases of total and regional volume of grey matter, white matter and cortical thickness. However, there is a lack of studies assessing cortical gyrification in type 2 diabetes. Changes in this emerging feature have been associated mainly with genetic legacy, but environmental factors may also play a role. Here, we investigated alterations of the gyrification index and classical morphometric measures in type 2 diabetes, a late acquired disease with complex aetiology with both underlying genetic and more preponderant environmental factors. In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed brain anatomical magnetic resonance images of 86 participants with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy control participants, to investigate structural alterations in type 2 diabetes, including whole‐brain volumetric measures, local alterations of grey matter volume, cortical thickness and the gyrification index. We found concordant significant decrements in total and regional grey matter volume, and cortical thickness. Surprisingly, the cortical gyrification index was found to be mainly increased and mainly located in cortical sensory areas in type 2 diabetes. Moreover, alterations in gyrification correlated with clinical data, suggesting an influence of metabolic profile in alterations of gyrification in type 2 diabetes. Further studies should address causal influences of genetic and/or environmental factors in patterns of cortical gyrification in type 2 diabetes.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in focal‐onset status epilepticus
Authors: Sarria‐Estrada Silvana , Santamarina Estevo , Quintana Manuel , Pareto Deborah , Sueiras Maria , Auger Cristina , Toledo Manuel , Rovira Alex 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in the diagnostic work‐up for status epilepticus (SE). The purpose of this study was to characterize MRI features in SE patients and determine their association with clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings. The mid‐term consequences of baseline MRI features were also analysed.MethodsThis is a prospective study including consecutive patients with SE who underwent brain MRI within 240 h after SE onset. The MRI protocol included T1‐weighted (T1WI), T2‐weighted (T2W), fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Follow‐up MRI was performed after SE resolution in some patients.ResultsSixty patients (56.7% men, mean age 58.3 years) were included. SE‐related MRI abnormalities were seen in 31 (51.7%), manifesting as hyperintensities on T2W/FLAIR imaging (58.1%) and DWI (74.2%) sequences. Hippocampal and pulvinar involvement was seen in 58.0% and 25.8% of patients, respectively. MRI abnormalities were associated with a longer SE duration (p = 0.013) and the presence of lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) on EEG (p < 0.001). Amongst the 33 follow‐up MRIs, nine (27.3%) showed mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), which was associated with severe clinical status (p = 0.031), hippocampal oedema (p = 0.001) and LPDs (p = 0.001) at baseline. A poorer clinical outcome was associated with baseline T2W/FLAIR imaging hyperintensities (p = 0.003).ConclusionMRI showed abnormalities in more than half of SE patients. A longer SE duration and LPDs on EEG were associated with SE‐related MRI abnormalities and the development of MTS.