bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging features, treatment, and outcome for presumed intracranial coccidioidomycosis in 45 dogs (2009‐2019)
Authors: Kelley Ashley J. , Stainback Laura B. , Knowles Kim E. , Moore Trevor W. , Plummer Scott B. , Shoup Olivia R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of intracranialCoccidioidesinfection in dogs is essential for prompt diagnosis to limit disease‐associated morbidity and death.ObjectivesTo describe the MRI appearance of intracranial coccidioidomycosis in dogs, identify associated clinical and clinicopathologic findings, and report outcomes of medical treatment.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned dogs with presumed intracranialCoccidioidesinfection.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records and images were reviewed. Clinical history, examination findings, serology, imaging characteristics, treatment, and outcome were recorded. Included cases had an abnormal brain MRI and positiveCoccidioidesserology by agar‐gel‐immunodiffusion (AGID).ResultsMedian age was 7‐years. Generalized tonic‐clonic seizures were the most common presenting sign (25/45). Two lesion categories were identified: a granulomatous form with 1 or more distinct, intra‐axial, contrast‐enhancing foci (37/45), and a second variation with diffuse, bilateral, symmetrical lesions of the caudate nuclei and frontal lobes (8/45). Serum IgG titers ranged from 1 : 1 to ≥ 1 : 256; 2 dogs had positive IgM titers at 1 : 2. All dogs with follow‐up serology (34/45) had a reduction in titer. Mean duration of follow‐up was 22.4 ± 20.5 months (median 16 months). Six dogs were lost to follow‐up <1‐year after diagnosis (median 9 months). Five dogs were clinically well but had yet to be followed for >1‐year. Of the remaining 34 dogs, 28 (82%) were alive ≥ 1‐year after diagnosis. Thirteen of these dogs had follow‐up times ≥ 2‐years.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prognosis for intracranialCoccidioidesinfection is generally more favorable with medical treatment than in earlier reports.
Effects of dietary creatine on juvenile hybrid striped bass in low‐salinity and brackish waters
Authors: Burns Alton F. , Gatlin Delbert M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 12‐week, two‐part feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of creatine supplementation in the diet of hybrid striped bass (HSB) under different water salinity and osmoregulatory conditions. A basal diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein, contributed equally by menhaden fishmeal and soy protein concentrate, and 10% lipid. Three isonitrogenous experimental diets were prepared by supplementing 1, 2, and 4% creatine to the basal diet replacing cellulose and adjusting a 50/50 aspartate/glutamate premix. During the first 7 weeks, salinity of the recirculating system was maintained at 3 g/L (low salinity), then, for an additional 5 weeks, switched to 15 g/L (brackish water). No discernable differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, or survival of HSB were observed during the low‐salinity phase. However, significant improvements in weight gain were exhibited by fish fed diets supplemented with 2 and 4% creatine compared to those fed basal and 1% creatine diets during the brackish water phase. Muscle creatine levels significantly increased with dietary creatine supplementation during both culture phases. The positive effects of dietary creatine supplementation on HSB appeared to be due to increased energetic demands of the brackish water environment.
Biting kinematics do not differ between ecologically divergent populations of Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Cohen H. E. , Kane E. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerformance, the ability to complete an ecologically relevant task, serves as a link between underlying morphology and the maximum functional capacity and fitness of an individual. Performance can vary within species due to environmental context and the trait of interest, but this is less understood compared with variation across species. Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations are separated by waterfall barriers that result in repeated selection for predator avoidance in high predation environments and resource competition in low predation environments. An array of locally adapted traits results from these shifts, however, the role of these local adaptations in prey capture performance traits remains unclear. We examined biting kinematics in replicate populations of adult female guppies collected from natural high and low predation habitats. We expected that competition in low predation populations would drive performance differences compared with fish from high predation populations. Using high‐speed videos of fish feeding on an agar substrate, we did not find support for differences in jaw or approach kinematics between populations, suggesting a lack of local adaptation in our sample. To gain further insight, we examined four representative, whole‐body morphometric traits previously shown to be divergent in guppies. Again, differences were not discovered in our sample, which may indicate limitations in the use of shape traits. We suggest that female guppies are kinematic generalists and that selection on prey capture may act on traits other than performance, such as feeding behaviors (e.g., consumption rates, kinematic integration, and prey preference).
Guideline for in vivo assessment of adherent and rolling leukocytes in human skin microvasculature via reflectance confocal videomicroscopy
Authors: Zhao Zijun , Patrinely James Randall , Saknite Inga , Byrne Michael , Tkaczyk Eric R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a guideline that reliably identifies cutaneous adherent and rolling leukocytes from mimicking scenarios via in vivo reflectance confocal videomicroscopy.MethodsWe used a clinical reflectance confocal microscope, the VivaScope 1500, to acquire 1522 videos of the upper dermal microcirculation from 12 healthy subjects and 60 patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blinded to clinical information, two trained raters independently counted the number of adherent and rolling leukocytes in 88 videos. Based on discrepancies in the initial assessments, we developed a guideline to identify both types of leukocyte‐endothelial interactions via a modified Delphi method (without anonymity). To test the guideline's ability to improve the inter‐rater reliability, the two raters assessed the remaining 1434 videos by using the guideline.ResultsWe demonstrate a guideline that consists of definitions, a step‐by‐step flowchart, and corresponding visuals of adherent and rolling leukocytes and mimicking scenarios. The guideline improved the inter‐rater reliability of the manual assessment of both interactions. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of adherent leukocyte counts increased from 0.056 (95% confidence interval: 0–0.236, n = 88 videos, N = 10 subjects) to 0.791 (0.770–0.809, n = 1434, N = 67). The ICC of rolling leukocyte counts increased from 0.385 (0.191–0.550, n = 88, N = 10) to 0.626 (0.593–0.657, n = 1434, N = 67). Intra‐rater ICC post‐guideline was 0.953 (0.886–0.981, n = 20, N = 12) and 0.956 (0.894–0.983, n = 20, N = 12) for adherent and rolling, respectively.ConclusionThe guideline aids in the manual identification of adherent and rolling leukocytes via in vivo reflectance confocal videomicroscopy.
RNA‐binding protein Hfq downregulates locus of enterocyte effacement‐encoded regulators independent of small regulatory RNA in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Sudo Naoki , Lee Kenichi , Sekine Yasuhiko , Ohnishi Makoto , Iyoda Sunao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes severe human diseases worldwide. The type 3 secretion system and effector proteins are essential for EHEC infection, and are encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). RNA‐binding protein Hfq is essential for small regulatory RNA (sRNA)‐mediated regulation at a posttranscriptional level and full virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. Although two early studies indicated that Hfq represses LEE expression by posttranscriptionally controlling the expression of genes grlRA and/or ler, both of which encode LEE regulators mediating a positive regulatory loop, the detailed molecular mechanism and biological significance remain unclear. Herein, we show that LEE overexpression was caused by defective RNA‐binding activity of the Hfq distal face, which posttranscriptionally represses grlA and ler expression. In vitro analyses revealed that the Hfq distal face directly binds near the translational initiation site of grlA and ler mRNAs, and inhibits their translation. Taken together, we conclude that Hfq inhibits grlA and ler translation by binding their mRNAs through the distal face in an sRNA‐independent manner. Additionally, we show that Hfq‐mediated repression of LEE is critical for normal EHEC growth because all suppressor mutations that restored the growth defect in the hfq mutant abolished hfq deletion‐induced overexpression of LEE.
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and obesity risk: A review of recommendations for obesity prevention policies
Authors: Lobstein Tim , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryEmerging evidence indicates that industrially produced endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be as obesogenic as poor dietary patterns and should be considered in obesity prevention policies. The authors conducted two reviews: (a) a systematic search of four electronic databases for papers published since January 2010 to identify the policy recommendations contained in scientific reviews of EDC exposure and obesity risk and (b) a narrative review of obesity policy documents published since January 2012 to identify the recommendations of national and international agencies. A search of four electronic databases found 63 scientific reviews with policy recommendations, of which 26 suggested individual responsibility to avoid exposure, 11 suggested medical interventions to counter the effects of exposure, and 42 suggested regulatory control of hazardous chemicals. Of sixty policy documents examined, six mentioned pollutants as a possible risk factor for obesity, and only one made explicit reference to strategies for reducing exposure to EDCs. The UN Sustainable Development Goals include targets to prevent ill health from hazardous chemicals (Targets 3.9 and 12.4) and to remove unsafe industrial chemicals from the environment (Targets 6.3, 11.6, 12.4, and 14.1). The authors suggest these should be explicitly linked to World Health Assembly targets to halt the rise in obesity.
Skin concerns in patients with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): A Mayo Clinic 22‐year retrospective review
Authors: Wentworth Ashley B. , Hand Jennifer L. , Davis Dawn M. , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTrisomy 21 has known associated clinical phenotypes, including skin and soft tissue concerns. However, the overall prevalence and types of findings are largely unclear.MethodsA retrospective review of children with trisomy 21 and one or more dermatologic diagnoses, seen from 1/1/1994 to 7/1/2016, was performed to record dermatologic diagnoses. If one or more diagnoses were confirmed, further data were collected, including demographics, medical specialty, referrals to dermatology, treatment, complications, and follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four patients with a diagnosis of trisomy 21 aged 18 years or younger were confirmed to have one or more dermatologic diagnoses. In a total of 479 dermatologic diagnoses, superficial mycoses (12%), skin and soft tissue infections (10%), dermatitis (8%), and folliculitis (8%) were most common. Diagnoses were most commonly made as an outpatient (91%) and by general pediatrics (45%) or dermatology (25%). A significant difference (P < .05) in the frequency of various diagnoses made by different specialties was observed. A significant difference (P < .05) in the treatments recommended by different specialties was also observed. Referrals to dermatology were infrequent (6%). However, a frequent change in diagnosis (61%) or treatment (68%) for patients referred to dermatology was observed.ConclusionsChildren with trisomy 21 are most commonly diagnosed with superficial mycoses, skin and soft tissue infections, dermatitis, and folliculitis. The majority of diagnoses were made by general pediatricians and although dermatology referral was rarely necessary, consultations often resulted in change of diagnosis and/or treatment, supporting consideration of early and frequent dermatology referral.
Poor response to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with a parental history of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Iwasa Mitsuji , Inukai Sachiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients whose parents had a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) often show a poor response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). There are very few reports describing the clinical characteristics and no reports on changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP) level after IVIG administration in such cases.MethodsA single‐center cohort study including 950 patients hospitalized for KD and treated with IVIG was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: patients whose parents had a history of KD (PHK) (N = 16) and patients whose parents had no history of KD (NPHK) (N = 934). The clinical characteristics and responsiveness to IVIG were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe PHK group had higher CRP levels before administering IVIG than the NPHK group (P = 0.0010). CRP levels after IVIG administration were higher in the PHK group than in the NPHK group (P = 0.0094). The percentage of patients who received a second administration of IVIG on day 2 after the initial IVIG therapy was higher in the PHK group than in the NPHK group (P = 0.0016). The percentage of patients who required plasma exchange therapy in the PHK group was significantly higher than that in the NPHK group (P = 0.0010).ConclusionsPatients in the PHK group had severe KD before IVIG administration, and these patients showed poor responsiveness to IVIG therapy.
Delayed Expulsion of biliary cast after hepaticojejunostomy for post‐liver transplantation biliary stricture—better cut than canulate?
Authors: Krishnan Sathish Kumar , Varghese Joy , Patcha Rajanikanth , Hosaagrahara Ramakrishna Somashekara , Reddy Mettu Srinivas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are a significant cause of post‐transplant morbidity. Endoscopic therapy is usually the first choice of treatment though surgical treatment may provide better biliary drainage.MethodsWe report a case of LDLT performed in a child for acute liver failure who developed an anastomotic biliary stricture with biliary cast formation. We performed a Roux en Y hepaticojejunostomy to treat the stricture.ResultsAllograft function improved after surgery with no further episodes of cholangitis. Two months after the surgery, the child passed a large biliary cast in the stools. This reiterates the advantage of wide biliary drainage provided through surgical therapy.ConclusionsSurgery for biliary strictures following LDLT may provide superior long term biliary drainage‐ especially when biliary casts are present.
Light‐responsive and Protic Ruthenium Compounds Bearing Bathophenanthroline and Dihydroxybipyridine Ligands Achieve Nanomolar Toxicity towards Breast Cancer Cells†
Authors: Oladipupo Olaitan E. , Brown Spenser R. , Lamb Robert W. , Gray Jessica L. , Cameron Colin G. , DeRegnaucourt Alexa R. , Ward Nicholas A. , Hall James Fletcher , Xu Yifei , Petersen Courtney M. , Qu Fengrui , Shrestha Ambar B. , Thompson Matthew K. , Bonizzoni Marco , Webster Charles Edwin , McFarland Sherri A. , Kim Yonghyun , Papish Elizabeth T. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe report new ruthenium complexes bearing the lipophilic bathophenanthroline (BPhen) ligand and dihydroxybipyridine (dhbp) ligands which differ in the placement of the OH groups ([(BPhen)2Ru(n,n′‐dhbp)]Cl2 with n = 6 and 4 in 1A and 2A, respectively). Full characterization data are reported for 1A and 2A and single crystal X‐ray diffraction for 1A. Both 1A and 2A are diprotic acids. We have studied 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B (B = deprotonated forms) by UV‐vis spectroscopy and 1 photodissociates, but 2 is light stable. Luminescence studies reveal that the basic forms have lower energy 3MLCT states relative to the acidic forms. Complexes 1A and 2A produce singlet oxygen with quantum yields of 0.05 and 0.68, respectively, in acetonitrile. Complexes 1 and 2 are both photocytotoxic toward breast cancer cells, with complex 2 showing EC50 light values as low as 0.50 μM with PI values as high as >200 vs. MCF7. Computational studies were used to predict the energies of the 3MLCT and 3MC states. An inaccessible 3MC state for 2B suggests a rationale for why photodissociation does not occur with the 4,4′‐dhbp ligand. Low dark toxicity combined with an accessible 3MLCT state for 1O2 generation explains the excellent photocytotoxicity of 2.
Particulate matter‐induced atmospheric skin aging is aggravated by UVA and inhibited by a topical l‐ascorbic acid compound
Authors: Kim Soomin , Kim Jihee , Lee Young In , Jang Seulgi , Song Seung Yong , Lee Won Jai , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmbient particulate matter (PM) is a major contributor to environmental air pollution‐associated skin damage. However, most published studies are observational or epidemiologic and have not mechanistically investigated the effects of air pollutants on cellular senescence and aging, particularly in combination with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Herein, we analyzed whether UVA aggravates the PM‐induced inflammatory cascade, which contributes to the aging of skin‐derived cells. We hypothesized that cellular senescence is involved in PM&UVA‐induced aging and tested whether an l‐ascorbic acid compound (LAC), containing vitamin E and ferulic acid, can inhibit PM&UVA‐induced aging. PM&UVA‐exposed HDFs showed further elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels detected by flow cytometry. We then demonstrated that PM induces MAPK signaling activation and the expression of AhR and NF‐κB, responses that are both exacerbated by UVA. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and IL‐6, were significantly higher in the PM&UVA‐exposed group which resulted in increased transcription of MMPs, causing downregulation of type I collagen. Meanwhile, treatment with LAC reduced the levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, PM&UVA‐induced SA‐β‐gal production (staining assay) was reduced by LAC. These findings suggest a role of atmospheric pollution and UVA radiation in cellular senescence induction. Our findings also suggest a possible role of AhR inhibition by topical antioxidants to prevent atmospheric pollution‐induced skin aging.
Fusarium rosicola sp. nov. causing vascular wilt on Rosa chinensis
Authors: He Jiao , Li De‐Wei , Zhang Yu , Ju Yun‐Wei , Huang Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChinese rose (Rosa chinensis) is one of the most popular and widely cultivated flowers worldwide and has extremely high economic and ornamental value. In 2020 wilt disease on R. chinensis was discovered in Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Fungal isolates were obtained from the stems of the rose. According to morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses with the sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1‐α gene (TEF1‐α), and part of the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), the isolates YJ1 to YJ4 were determined as a new species of Fusarium solani species complex, and named as Fusarium rosicola sp. nov., which is hereby described and illustrated. Pathogenicity of the isolate YJ1 was verified by Koch's postulates. The fungus was determined as the pathogen causing rose vascular wilt. The isolate YJ1 was labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and roots of R. chinensis were inoculated. The result showed that the fungus infected the vascular tissue of the host plants and caused withering of the above‐ground parts, resulting in the death of the whole plant. The GFP‐labelled pathogen was reisolated from the stems and foliage, proving that this is a newly emerged systemic disease on R. chinensis in the world.
A simple model of the Hukou system and Chinese exports
Authors: Zhao Laixun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe construct a simple model of hukou reform for the transition period (specifically, 1984–2010) when peasants were allowed to migrate to cities for work only. We show that reform recovers some of the deadweight losses from Mao's strict hukou control, but the gains from reform are unevenly distributed. Using the basic model, we illustrate two factors that contribute to China's trade boom and export pattern reversal, namely, the rural–urban migration caused by the institutional reform in the labor market and the demographic dividend China has enjoyed for the past 40 years. We apply the model to examine the impacts of various policies such as special economic zones, export‐tax refund, urbanization, etc., which should provide directions for empirical and quantitative research.
Reduced knee extensor torque production at low to moderate velocities in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Beckwée David , Luyten Frank P. , Van Assche Dieter , Van Roie Evelien 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine deficits in knee extensor muscle function through the torque‐time and torque‐velocity relationships and whether these deficits are associated with reduced functional performance in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A clinical sample of postmenopausal women with established KOA (n = 18, ≥55 years) was compared to an age‐matched healthy control sample (CON) (n = 26). The deficits in different parameters of the knee extensor torque‐time (maximal isometric torque and rate of torque development) and torque‐velocity relationship (maximum muscle power, maximal velocity and torque at 0–500°·s−1) were assessed through a protocol consisting of isometric, isotonic and isokinetic tests. Functional performance was evaluated with sit‐to‐stand and stair‐climbing tasks using a sensor‐based technology (ie, time‐ and power‐based outcomes). Postmenopausal women with KOA showed reduced maximal isometric torque (Hedge's g effect size (g) = 1.05, p = 0.001) and rate of torque development (g = 0.77‒1.17, all p ≤ 0.02), combined with impaired torque production at slow to moderate velocities (g = 0.92‒1.70, p ≤ 0.004), but not at high or maximal velocities (g = 0.16, p > 0.05). KOA were slower (g = 0.81‒0.92, p ≤ 0.011) and less powerful (g = 1.11‒1.29, p ≤ 0.001) during functional tasks. Additionally, knee extensor deficits were moderately associated with power deficits in stair climbing (r = 0.492‒0.659). To conclude, knee extensor muscle weakness was presented in postmenopausal women with KOA, not only as limited maximal and rapid torque development during isometric contractions, but also dynamically at low to moderate velocities. These deficits were related to impaired functional performance. The assessment of knee extensor muscle weakness through the torque‐time and torque‐velocity relationships might enable individual targets for tailored exercise interventions in KOA.