bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning Approaches for Identifying Antiviral Compounds
Authors: John Lijo , Soujanya Yarasi , Mahanta Hridoy Jyoti , Narahari Sastry G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrent pandemics propelled research efforts in unprecedented fashion, primarily triggering computational efforts towards new vaccine and drug development as well as drug repurposing. There is an urgent need to design novel drugs with targeted biological activity and minimum adverse reactions that may be useful to manage viral outbreaks. Hence an attempt has been made to develop Machine Learning based predictive models that can be used to assess whether a compound has the potency to be antiviral or not. To this end, a set of 2358 antiviral compounds were compiled from the CAS COVID‐19 antiviral SAR dataset whose activity was reported based on IC50value. A total 1157 two‐dimensional molecular descriptors were computed among which, the most highly correlated descriptors were selected using Tree‐based, Correlation‐based and Mutual information‐based feature selection methods. Seven Machine Learning algorithms i. e., Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, KNN, Decision Tree, MLP Classifier and Logistic Regression were benchmarked. The best performance was achieved by the models developed using Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms in all the feature selection methods. The maximum predictive accuracy of both these models was 88 % with internal validation. Whereas, with an external dataset, a maximum accuracy of 93.10 % for XGBoost and 100 % for Random Forest based model was achievable. Furthermore, the study demonstrated scaffold analysis of the molecules as a pragmatic approach to explore the importance of structurally diverse compounds in data driven studies.
Superiorization versus regularization: A comparison of algorithms for solving image reconstruction problems with applications in computed tomography
Authors: Guenter Maria , Collins Steve , Ogilvy Andy , Hare Warren , Jirasek Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeA system matrix can be built in order to account for the refractions in an optical computed tomography (CT) system. In order to utilize this system matrix, iterative methods are employed to solve the image reconstruction problem. The purpose of this study is to compare potential iterative algorithms to solve this image reconstruction problem. Comparisons examine both solution time and the quality of the reconstructed image. While our work is motivated by optical CT, the results can be extended more generally to CT.MethodsA collection of 21 algorithms for solving the image reconstruction problem were evaluated. Specifically, algorithms using (i) superiorization techniques and (ii) regularization to avoid overfitting were compared. Multiple test problems are investigated using 18 different image phantoms, parallel‐beam and fan‐beam system matrices, and varying noise levels. Comparison of the algorithms is done using performance profiles on three different performance measures.ResultsThe results for both the synthetic and clinical test problems show that there is not one single algorithm outperforming all others, but instead a set of top algorithms that give the best values on the performance profiles. When qualitative analyses such as reliance on stopping conditions, number of input parameters, and run time are also considered, FISTA‐TV shows slight advantages over the other top algorithms.ConclusionsThere is a set of top algorithms that all show good results in the performance profiles with a mix of superiorized and regularized model algorithms. As to which of these top algorithms outperforms the rest is undetermined and further research needs to be investigated.
Nursing home nurses' turnover intention: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Jiyeon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis review aimed to examine and describe the published research on nursing home (NH) nurses' turnover intentions in their workplace.DesignThis study is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted for English and Korean articles to identify research studies published between 2009–2019 using CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, RISS, and DBpia.ResultsA total of six studies met the inclusion criteria and revealed NH nurses' turnover intentions. The factors influencing NH nurses' turnover intentions were identified and classified as individual and organizational factors. Among the various factors above, this study found that job satisfaction was the most influential factor in nurses' turnover intentions. Therefore, further efforts are required to increase NH nurses' job satisfaction to decrease turnover intention.
The Obesity Society is turning 40: A history of the early years
Authors: Bray George A. , Greenwood M. R. C. , Hansen Barbara C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO), the precursor of The Obesity Society (TOS), was founded in 1981 and turns 40 years old in 2021. The Society was organized by George Bray along with John Brunzell, C. Wayne Callaway, M.R.C. Greenwood, and Judith Stern. It held its foundational meeting with a theme of “Types of Obesity: Animal Models and Clinical Applications” at Vassar College in the fall of 1982 along with symposia and an NIH workshop titled “Methods of Characterizing Human Obesity.” At a follow‐up meeting during the Fourth International Congress on Obesity, Barbara Hansen was elected President, Judith Stern Secretary, and Anne Sullivan Treasurer. Incorporation of NAASO occurred in 1984.
Food insecurity, housing instability, and dietary quality among children with sickle cell disease: Assessment from a single urban center
Authors: Fernández Cristina R. , Licursi Maureen , Wolf Randi , Lee Margaret T. , Green Nancy S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood insecurity and housing instability, both social determinants of health (SDoH), disproportionately affect economically unstable, under‐resourced US communities in which children with sickle cell disease (SCD) live. Association between these SDoH markers and dietary quality among children with SCD is unknown.ProceduresWe assessed a cross‐sectional sample of dyadic parent–child patients and young adult patients up to age 21 from one pediatric SCD center. Food insecurity, housing instability, and dietary quality were measured using validated US instruments and a food frequency questionnaire. Better dietary quality was defined using US dietary guidelines. Multivariate regression assessed for associations among dietary quality and food insecurity with or without (±) housing instability and housing instability alone.ResultsOf 100 enrolled participants, 53% were Black and 43% Hispanic; mean age 10.6 ± 5.6 years. Overall, 70% reported less than or equal to one economic instability: 40% housing instability alone and 30% both food insecurity and housing instability. Eighty percent received more than or equal to one federal food assistance benefit. Compared to no economic instability, food insecurity ± housing instability was significantly associated with higher intake of higher dairy and pizza, while housing instability alone was significantly associated with higher dairy intake. Food insecurity ± housing instability was significantly associated with lower intake of whole grains compared to housing instability alone.ConclusionsOur sample reported high frequencies of both food insecurity and housing instability; having more than or equal to one SDoH was associated with elements of poorer diet quality. Screening families of children with SCD for food insecurity and housing instability may identify those with potential nutrition‐related social needs.
Determination of critical testing frequency of the short fiber‐reinforced plastics for efficient fatigue test
Authors: Jang Jinhyeok , Pang Hyonwoo , Choi Jae‐Hyuk , Cho Jeong‐Min , Yu Woong‐Ryeol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeat generated by viscous energy dissipation and friction during high‐frequency fatigue testing can reduce the fatigue life of short fiber‐reinforced plastics. Herein, we proposed new method of determining an appropriate testing frequency, taking into consideration the temperature increase in SFRPs during fatigue testing. An experimental procedure was developed to obtain viscoelastic and thermal parameters in a theoretical model using dynamic mechanical analyses and fatigue tests with an infrared camera. Then, according to the stress levels under tension in fatigue tests, a critical frequency was calculated to allow a temperature increase within 10°C. Finally, experimental fatigue tests at low stress levels and high frequencies were performed, demonstrating the applicability of the current method to design fatigue tests that take into account stress levels at a given frequency and a limited temperature rise.
Does recorded oximetry utilizing a consensus‐based algorithm compare to polysomnography in discontinuing home oxygen therapy in premature infants?
Authors: White Heather , Sobelman Celia , Kremer Ted , Lee Austin , Rhein Lawrence M. ,   the RHO Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundApproximately a third of all extremely preterm infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia will require home oxygen therapy (HOT). Lack of consensus‐based guidelines has led to significant variability in outpatient HOT management in the United States. A common assessment performed before discontinuing oxygen is a formal polysomnogram (PSG). PSGs are potentially undesirable due to cost, lack of convenient access, and parental stress, so alternative testing to determine the optimal timing of safe oxygen discontinuation are needed.MethodsWe compared nocturnal recorded home oximetry (RHO) with PSG data in a cohort of patients from the RHO trial for patients who had recordings performed simultaneously to or within 24 h of their PSG. The RHO trial was a randomized, unblinded, multi‐center trial comparing two oxygen management strategies. Parameters of oxygenation were compared between PSG and RHO, and nonoximegtry findings from the PSG that changed clinical management were identified.ResultsA total of 53 infants randomized to obtain a PSG as part of the RHO trial (55%) completed a PSG, and of those, 32 (64%) completed both a PSG with comparison RHO. There were more white infants in both groups than other races and ethnicities. Bland–Altman analysis showed a strong agreement of oxygen saturation time below 90% SpO2 between PSG and RHO results (slope = 1.014, p = 0.24). Results agreed in 96% of cases.ConclusionRHO is a safe and effective alternative to PSG to assist in determination of discontinuing HOT in infants with BPD without other risks for sleep‐disordered breathing.
A novel chimeric protein with enhanced cytotoxic effects on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hazrati Fereshte , Saidijam Massoud , Ahmadyousefi Yaghoub , Nouri Fatemeh , Ghadimipour Hamidreza , Moradi Mohammadreza , Haddadi Rasool , Soleimani Meysam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn our previous study, we reported the design and recombinant production of the p28‐apoptin as a novel chimeric protein for breast cancer (BC) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the chimeric protein against BC cells in vitro and in vivo. We developed a novel multifunctional protein, consisting of p28, as a tumor‐homing killer peptide fused to apoptin as a tumor‐selective killer. The chimeric protein showed significantly higher toxicity in BC cell lines dose‐dependently than in non‐cancerous control cell lines. IC50 values were 1.41, 1.38, 6.13, and 264.49 μM for 4T1, MDA‐MB‐468, Vero, and HEK293 cells, respectively. The protein showed significantly enhanced uptake in 4T1 cancer cells compared with non‐cancerous Vero cells. We also showed that the p28‐apoptin chimeric protein binds significantly higher to human breast cancer tumor sections than the normal human breast tissue section. Also, significant apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition were observed in established tumor‐bearing mice accompanied by a decreased frequency of metastases. Our results support that the chimeric protein has inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo, making it a promising choice in targeted cancer therapy.
A conditional autoregressive model for genetic association analysis accounting for genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Shen Xiaoxi , Wen Yalu , Cui Yuehua , Lu Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConverging evidence from genetic studies and population genetics theory suggest that complex diseases are characterized by remarkable genetic heterogeneity, and individual rare mutations with different effects could collectively play an important role in human diseases. Many existing statistical models for association analysis assume homogeneous effects of genetic variants across all individuals, and could be subject to power loss in the presence of genetic heterogeneity. To consider possible heterogeneous genetic effects among individuals, we propose a conditional autoregressive model. In the proposed method, the genetic effect is considered as a random effect and a score test is developed to test the variance component of genetic random effect. Through simulations, we compare the type I error and power performance of the proposed method with those of the generalized genetic random field and the sequence kernel association test methods under different disease scenarios. We find that our method outperforms the other two methods when (i) the rare variants have the major contribution to the disease, or (ii) the genetic effects vary in different individuals or subgroups of individuals. Finally, we illustrate the new method by applying it to the whole genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
A pilot study on dietary and faecal calcium/phosphorus ratios in different types of captive ruminating herbivores
Authors: Böswald Linda , Dobenecker Britta , Lücht Maike , Gohl Christine , Kienzle Ellen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantitative differences in calcium and phosphorus metabolism between domestic species exist and can be visualised using data on calcium and phosphorus intake and faecal excretion. The parameter for analysing the results was defined as Δ = dietary calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio – faecal Ca/P ratio. In previous studies, hindgut fermenters had significantly higher Δ values than ruminants (sheep, cattle, goats), which was explained by the high calcium digestibilities in hindgut fermenters in contrast to highly efficient phosphorus recycling in ruminants. The first hypothesis of the present study was that different types of ruminants (grazer, browser, intermediate feeder) would show differences in Δ as a proxy for quantitative calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The second hypothesis was that camelids as functional, but not taxonomic ruminants would show Δ values similar to ruminants. We used herbivorous zoo animals (17 species, hindgut and foregut fermenters), which were kept on their regular diet without variation for 1 week. Then, faecal samples were obtained from the individual animals. Feed items and faecal samples were analysed for calcium and phosphorus, and dietary and faecal Ca/P ratios as well as Δ were calculated. A comparison of the species groups (one‐way ANOVA on ranks, p < 0.05) showed that zoo hindgut fermenters had significantly higher Δ values (0.67 ± 0.34) than camelids and zoo ruminants (–1.07 ± 0.35 and –1.87 ± 1.56). There was no significant difference between camelids, grazers (–1.49 ± 1.31), browsers (–1.63 ± 0.88) and intermediate feeders (–2.11 ± 1.76). The ruminant species from this study had markedly lower Δ than domestic ruminants from literature data. Especially intermediate feeders had low Δ, possibly due to more efficient phosphorus recycling than the domestic ruminants.
Caring as Critical Proximity: A Call for Toolmaking in Digital Migration Studies
Authors: Munk Anders 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReading across the contributions of this book, this comment argues for a “Caring for big data” in critical proximity with the tools and techniques of data scientific practices. Contrary to a critically distant position, caring for big data in critical proximity is to practice it differently. It raises the question of how tools for data harvest, analysis, and visualization should be designed if the task was taken on from inside digital migration studies.
Fostering Critical Thinking as a Life Skill to Prevent Child Marriage in Honduras: The Case of Holistic Education for Youth (HEY!)
Authors: Pacheco-Montoya Diana , Murphy-Graham Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents findings from a design-based research project between the University of California, Berkeley and a Honduran non-governmental organization, Bayan Association called Holistic Education for Youth (HEY!). We explain why critical thinking is a crucial life skill to prevent child marriage in rural areas of Honduras and illustrate how critical thinking (specifically around gender inequality and marriage) was incorporated into a secondary school curriculum. We describe the pedagogies used to develop this curriculum and offer insights about its implementation. Finally, using classrooms observation and interview data, we discuss how students developed critical thinking and decision-making skills related to the gender inequality in society that has perpetuated the practice of child marriage.
Humanism and the Great Opportunity of Intelligent User Interfaces for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Stock Oliviero 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the spirit of the modern meaning of the word humanism, if technology aims at the flourishing of humans, it is of the greatest value to empower each human being with the capability of appreciating culture, in an inclusive, individual-adaptive manner. In particular, in this brief chapter, the case is made for the opportunity that intelligent user interfaces can offer specifically in the area of culture, beyond the obvious infrastructural advantages we are all familiar with. Insight is provided on research aimed at the continuous personal enriching of individuals at cultural sites, approaching the ancient humanistic vision of connecting us to our cultural past, now made possible for all, not just for an elite.
Personalization, Fairness, and Post-Userism
Authors: Burke Robin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of fairness-aware machine learning presents a challenge for creators of personalized systems, such as recommender systems found in e-commerce, social media, and elsewhere. These systems are designed and promulgated as providing services tailored to each individual user’s unique needs. However, fairness may require that other objectives, possibly in conflict with personalization, also be satisfied. The theoretical framework of post-userism, which broadens the focus of design in HCI settings beyond the individual end user, provides an avenue for this integration. However, in adopting this approach, developers will need to offer new, more complex narratives of what personalized systems do and whose needs they serve.
Educational Requirements for Positive Social Robotics
Authors: Seibt Johanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial robotics does not create tools but social ‘others’ that act in the physical and symbolic space of human social interactions. In order to guide the profound disruptive potential of this technology, social robotics must be repositioned—we must reconceive it as an emerging interdisciplinary area where expertise on social reality, as physical, practical, and symbolic space, is constitutively included. I present here the guiding principles for such a repositioning, “Integrative Social Robotics,” and argue that the path to culturally sustainable (value-preserving) or positive (value-enhancing) applications of social robotics goes via a redirection of the humanities and social sciences. Rather than creating new educations by disemboweling, the humanities and social sciences, students need to acquire full disciplinary competence in these disciplines, as well as the new skill to direct these qualifications toward membership in multidisciplinary developer teams.
Geopolitics and Digital Sovereignty
Authors: Martin Ciaran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe geopolitical dialogue about technology has, for a quarter of a century, essentially revolved around a single technological ecosystem built by the American private sector. An assumption took hold that, over time, clearer “rules of the road” for this digital domain would take hold. But progress toward this has been surprisingly slow; we sometimes refer to “grey zone” activity, because the rules, insofar as they exist, are fuzzy.In the meantime, the digital climate is changing. China’s technological ambitions are not to compete on the American-built, free, open Internet, but to design and build a completely new, more authoritarian system to supplant it. This is forcing a bifurcation of the Internet, and organizations like the European Union and countries across the world have to rethink whether the regulation of American technology is really where the focus should be, rather than working with the USA to contest China’s ambitions.
Geopolitics, Digital Sovereignty…What’s in a Word?
Authors: Werthner Hannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn overlay of digital networks and services often operated by global players encircles and “shrinks” the planet. At the same time, the geopolitical dynamics have entered a cycle of feud for leadership between trade blocs who compete for economic and industrial leadership but also on ethics, values, and political outlook. In this context, governments and lawmakers are struggling to combine the need for global cooperation in digital matters with the imperative to protect their jurisdiction from undue influence and provide economic agents with the means to compete on a global scale. The concept of “digital sovereignty” was carved to address this. Words matter a lot especially when they are meant to translate political goals. We argue that “digital sovereignty” lacks meaning and teeth, while the concept of “strategic autonomy” is more operative, contains in itself the elements of strategic planning, and should lead EU to aim at genuine “digital non-alignment.”
Why Don’t You Do Something to Help Me? Digital Humanism: A Call for Cities to Act
Authors: Stampfer Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCities across the globe face the challenge of managing massive digitization processes to meet climate goals and turn urban agglomerations into more livable places. Digital Humanism helps us to see and define how such transformations can be done through empowerment of citizens and administrations, with a strong political agenda calling for inclusion, quality of life, and social goals. Such an approach appears to be much more promising than top-down technological fantasies as often provided by large companies in fields like housing, transport, the use of public space, or healthcare. The title refers to a question put to Stan Laurel by Oliver Hardy in countless movies. Here the latter stands for a city calling industry for help. The delivery as we know can lead straight to disaster, but in real life it is less funny than with the two great comedians.