bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical validation of amachine‐learning‐based handheld3‐dimensionalinfrared wound imaging device in venous leg ulcers
Authors: Chan Kai Siang , Liang Shanying , Cho Yuan Teng , Chan Yam Meng , Tan Audrey Hui Min , Muthuveerappa Sivakami , Lai Tina Peiting , Goh Cheng Cheng , Joseph Annie , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Zhang Li , Chong Lester Rhan Chaen , Tan Glenn Wei Leong , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic venous insufficiency is a chronic disease of the venous system with a prevalence of 25% to 40% in females and 10% to 20% in males. Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) result from venous insufficiency. VLUs have a prevalence of 0.18% to 1% with a 1‐year recurrence of 25% to 50%, bearing significant socioeconomic burden. It is therefore important for regular assessment and monitoring of VLUs to prevent worsening. Our study aims to assess the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of a machine learning‐based handheld 3‐dimensional infrared wound imaging device (WoundAide [WA] imaging system, Konica Minolta Inc, Tokyo, Japan) compared with traditional measurements by trained wound nurse. This is a prospective cross‐sectional study on 52 patients with VLUs from September 2019 to January 2021 using three WA imaging systems. Baseline patient profile and clinical demographics were collected. Basic wound parameters (length, width and area) were collected for both traditional measurements and measurements taken by the WA imaging systems. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was analysed using intra‐class correlation statistics. A total of 222 wound images from 52 patients were assessed. There is excellent intra‐rater reliability of the WA imaging system on three different image captures of the same wound (intra‐rater reliability ranging 0.978‐0.992). In addition, there is excellent inter‐rater reliability between the three WA imaging systems for length (0.987), width (0.990) and area (0.995). Good inter‐rater reliability for length and width (range 0.875‐0.900) and excellent inter‐rater reliability (range 0.932‐0.950) were obtained between wound nurse measurement and each of the WA imaging system. In conclusion, high intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was obtained for the WA imaging systems. We also obtained high inter‐rater reliability of WA measurements against traditional wound measurement. The WA imaging system is a useful clinical adjunct in the monitoring of VLU wound documentation.
A Computationally Simple Method for Estimating Decision Consistency
Authors: Wolkowitz Amanda A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecision consistency (DC) is the reliability of a classification decision based on a test score. In professional credentialing, the decision is often a high‐stakes pass/fail decision. The current methods for estimating DC are computationally complex. The purpose of this research is to provide a computationally and conceptually simple method for estimating DC that produces results comparable to, and at times potentially better than, the widely used Livingston‐Lewis method.
“This is not negotiable. You need to do this…”: A directed content analysis of decision making in rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Graber Jeremy , Lockhart Steven , Matlock Daniel D. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer , Kittelson Andrew J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo understand patients' and physical therapists' perspectives related to decision making during outpatient rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to describe potential barriers and opportunities for shared decision making (SDM) in this setting.MethodsA qualitative study examined the beliefs, thoughts, and experiences of patients and physical therapists regarding decision making in outpatient rehabilitation after TKA. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using directed content analysis.ResultsThirty‐five participants were interviewed (20 patients, 15 physical therapists). Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) there is variability among physical therapists in how patients are involved in care decisions, (2) several features of the outpatient care paradigm are not supportive of SDM, and (3) preoperative patient‐clinician interactions may facilitate SDM in postoperative rehabilitation, but these interactions are not typically utilized.ConclusionPhysical therapists described using decision‐making strategies with varying levels of patient involvement. Both patients and physical therapists described barriers to routine use of SDM in the outpatient setting. Several actionable strategies for overcoming these barriers were identified for providers and organizations seeking to consistently use SDM in outpatient TKA rehabilitation.
Diagnostic accuracy of narrow‐band imaging endoscopy with targeted biopsies compared with standard endoscopy with random biopsies in patients with Barrett's esophagus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hajelssedig Omer Eljyli , Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Thompson Jacqueline Y , Lord Anton , El Sayed Iman , Meyer Chase , Shaukat Ali Faisal , Abdulazeem Hebatullah M , Kheir Ammar O , Siepmann Timo , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic surveillance for dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) with random biopsies is the primary diagnostic tool for monitoring clinical progression into esophageal adenocarcinoma. As an alternative, narrow‐band imaging (NBI) endoscopy offers targeted biopsies that can improve dysplasia detection. This study aimed to evaluate NBI‐guided targeted biopsies' diagnostic accuracy for detecting dysplasia in patients undergoing endoscopic BE surveillance compared with the widely used Seattle protocol.MethodsCochrane DTA Register, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, OpenGrey, and bibliographies of identified papers were searched until 2018. Two independent investigators resolved discrepancies by consensus, study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Data on sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were pooled and analyzed using a random‐effects model.ResultsOf 9528 identified articles, six studies comprising 493 participants were eligible for quantitative synthesis. NBI‐targeted biopsy showed high diagnostic accuracy in detection of dysplasia in BE with a sensitivity of 76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.91), specificity of 99% (95% CI: 0.99–1.00), positive predictive value of 97% (95% CI: 0.96–0.99), and negative predictive value of 84% (95% CI: 0.69–0.99) for detection of all grades of dysplasia. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve for NBI model performance was 0.8550 for detecting all dysplasia.ConclusionNarrow‐band imaging‐guided biopsy demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy and might constitute a valid substitute for random biopsies during endoscopic surveillance for dysplasia in BE.
Trends in telehealth and in‐person transitional care management visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , O'Donoghue Ashley L. , Dechen Tenzin , Herzig Shoshana J. , Stevens Jennifer P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTransitional care management (TCM) visits delivered following hospitalization have been associated with reductions in mortality, readmissions, and total costs; however, uptake remains low. We sought to describe trends in TCM visit delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignCross‐sectional study of ambulatory electronic health records from December 30, 2019 and January 3, 2021.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsForty four thousand six hundred and eighty‐one patients receiving transitional care management services.MeasurementsWeekly rates of in‐person and telehealth TCM visits before COVID‐19 was declared a national emergency (December 30, 2019 to March 15, 2020), during the initial pandemic period (March 16, 2020 to April 12, 2020) and later period (April 12, 2020 to January 3, 2021). Characteristics of patients receiving in‐person and telehealth TCM visits were compared.ResultsA total of 44,681 TCM visits occurred during the study period with the majority of patients receiving TCM visits age 65 years and older (68.0%) and female (55.0%) Prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, nearly all TCM visits were conducted in‐person. In the initial pandemic, there was an immediate decline in overall TCM visits and a rise in telehealth TCM visits, accounting for 15.4% of TCM visits during this period. In the later pandemic, the average weekly number of TCM visits was 841 and 14.0% were telehealth. During the initial and later pandemic periods, 73.3% and 33.6% of COVID‐19‐related TCM visits were conducted by telehealth, respectively. Across periods, patterns of telehealth use for TCM visits were similar for younger and older adults.ConclusionThe study findings highlight a novel and sustained shift to providing TCM services via telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which may reduce barriers to accessing a high‐value service for older adults during a vulnerable transition period. Further investigations comparing outcomes of in‐person and telehealth TCM visits are needed to inform innovation in ambulatory post‐discharge care.
Virgin coconut oil as prophylactic therapy against alcohol damage on skin in COVID times
Authors: Saraogi Punit , Kaushik Vaibhav , Chogale Ritesh , Chavan Sneha , Gode Vaishali , Mhaskar Sudhakar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased frequency of using alcohol‐based hand sanitizers (ABHS) by consumers during COVID times have resulted in increased incidences of skin issues on palms.Objective(1) To quantify skin damage with increased usage frequency of ABHS by consumers and (2) To evaluate Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as natural prophylactic agent to counter the adverse effects.MethodsIn‐home usage study was carried out with 60 volunteers for a 15‐day intervention—Control Group: 6 applications per day of ABHS and Test Group: Overnight VCO use (6–8 drops) followed by 6× usage per day of ABHS. This leg included dermatological evaluation and WHO Self‐Assessment Scale for skin health. Another leg of measurement included non‐invasive instrumental study (Moisture & TEWL Probes, Tape Strip for protein content and IR spectroscopy for protein & lipid content) on forearm of 12 subjects (25–60 years age) with and without VCO application and repeated alcohol exposure.ResultsIn‐home usage study established consumer experiencing skin protective effect of VCO in the context of ABHS onslaught. 25% increase in perceived moisture content was recorded for VCO users, using WHO Self‐Assessment Scale. Instrumental studies confirmed an increase in TEWL and decrease in lipids & protein content. Overnight VCO application resists the extraction which builds up with repeated application.ConclusionsCurrent work provides evidence of compromised hand skin barrier with ABHS daily usage. Overnight VCO application helps prepare the skin for next day alcohol use. Based on the findings, a regimen of overnight VCO application on hands as a natural prophylactic is recommended.
Caregiver contribution to self‐care and its associated variables among caregivers of ostomy patients: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Giordano Vittoria , Iovino Paolo , Corvese Francesco , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria , Villa Giulia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe caregiver contribution (CC) to ostomy self‐care and identify its associated variables among caregivers of ostomy patients.BackgroundSelf‐care is essential for ostomy patients, but it can be difficult to perform. In these cases, caregivers play a key role in promoting self‐care behaviours. So far, the CC to ostomy self‐care has not been investigated thoroughly.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional and multicentre study conducted at seven outpatient clinics of two Italian regions.MethodsWe recruited 252 caregivers between February 2017–May 2018. The Caregiver Contribution to Ostomy Self‐Care Index (CC‐OSCI) was used to measure CC to ostomy self‐care. Three multivariable linear regression models were fitted to identify variables associated with CC dimensions (maintenance, monitoring and management). The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study.ResultsThe sample (mean age = 58.73, SD = 13.98) was mostly female (80.60%), unemployed (58.70%) and resided with the patient (81.00%). Caregivers being employed and those declaring more hours of contribution per week were associated with a significantly lower contribution to self‐care maintenance. Caregivers with lower levels of education and those residing with the patient were less likely to contribute to CC to self‐care monitoring. Spousal caregivers and those with higher preparedness contributed significantly lower to CC to self‐care management.ConclusionsWe found a variety of sociodemographic factors associated with CC to ostomy self‐care.Relevance to clinical practiceSociodemographic variables associated with CC to ostomy self‐care can help clinicians develop more tailored educational interventions for caregivers who find their contribution challenging.
Conundrums in teaching decolonial critical community psychology within the context of neo‐liberal market pressures
Authors: Canham Hugo , Bowman Brett , Graham Tanya , Stevens Garth , Langa Malose , Jithoo Vinitha , Alexander Daleen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide empirically informed reflections on the difficulty of undertaking critically inflected, decolonial praxis in community psychology within the overdetermined global order of neo‐liberalism. Using interviews with 10 alumni of the Masters in Community‐Based Counselling (MACC) psychology program at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in South Africa, we extend what have hitherto been largely theoretical debates about the fundamental constraints on teaching decolonial theory as an important touchstone of criticality in the context of the constraining forces of the free‐market economy. We focus on our participants’ attempts to navigate the inevitable tensions between the tenets of decolonial critical community psychology and neo‐liberal market pressures on employability. We analyze accounts of job‐seeking and employment experiences of the program alumni to ask whether we may have to contemplate the imminent evacuation of critical community epistemologies within the context of a market‐structured and professionally regulated psychology. We suggest that while the death knell of critical pedagogies and epistemologies has not yet quite arrived, more nuanced approaches to criticality may have to be adopted by the training programs that embrace them. We reveal that decoloniality's emergent traction within the academy is not mirrored by the world of professional psychology. We contend that our apparently ideologically bifurcated curriculum together with fundamental constraints on practice opportunities in the world of work, do not support an easy leap into the decolonial breach.
Adolescents’ preference for later school start times
Authors: Werner Helene , Albrecht Joëlle N. , Widmer Natacha , Janisch Daniel , Huber Reto , Jenni Oskar G. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAs the chronotype delays progressively throughout puberty, early morning school start times (SSTs) contradict the sleep biology of adolescents. Various studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of later SSTs on sleep and health; however, adolescents’ preferences for SSTs have to date never been investigated in detail. The present online survey study aimed to fill this gap and explored influencing factors. A total of 17 high schools in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, circulated the survey among their students. Participants were included if they reported their sex, age, and school (n = 5,308). Students indicated whether they preferred later SSTs. Additionally, five predictor blocks were assessed: sociodemographic, school‐related, sleep, leisure‐time, and health‐related characteristics. We applied multivariate logistic regression models with fixed and random effects to predict the preference. The mean (SD) age of the students was 16.09 (1.76) years (65.1% female). The majority (63.2%) endorsed later SSTs with a preferred delay of 55 min (interquartile range 25–75 min). In the multilevel analysis (n = 2,627), sex, mother tongue, sleep characteristics, mobile device use at bedtime, caffeine consumption, and health‐related quality of life were significant predictors for the preference. Hence, the majority of adolescents preferred later SSTs, and especially those with sleep or health‐related problems. These characteristics have been consistently shown to improve after delaying SSTs. Thus, also from adolescents’ view, later SSTs should be considered to improve the adolescents’ health.
Body condition indices are better surrogates for lean mass and water content than for body fat content in an insect
Authors: Stahlschmidt Z. R. , Chang E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcologists and evolutionary biologists often use body condition indices (BCIs) to approximate an animal’s energetic state, which is important because energy (typically, lipid) reserves influence an animal’s investment into fitness‐related traits. A BCI’s utility is typically assessed by examining its ability to predict standardized fat content (fat mass in fresh mass after correcting for body size) across a population. Less frequently, a BCI is assessed as a response variable by comparing its sensitivity to a particular treatment or factor (e.g. food availability or age) relative to that of standardized fat content. We assessed five common BCIs (or equivalent) with these two approaches in the wing‐dimorphic sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus Scudder 1902). All of the BCI methods significantly predicted standardized fat content in both sexes and wing morphs where the scaled mass index and Que ́telet’s index explained the most and least amount of variation, respectively. The BCIs and fat content were also similarly affected by adult age. However, BCIs were universally better proxies for lean mass and water content than for fat content. The relationships between BCIs and standardized lean mass and water content were stronger than those between BCIs and standardized fat content, and the effect sizes of age on BCIs were closer to that of lean mass relative to that of fat content. Thus, although BCIs reasonably predicted energy (fat) stores in G. firmus, they may be more indicative of lean mass or water content in insects. If BCIs are surrogates for protein and water storage, they may still approximate the storage of resources that fuel fitness‐related traits. Yet, future work is required to understand which body components (e.g. fat, protein or water) are most tightly linked to fitness, and whether traditional BCIs explain variation in fitness‐related body components across animal taxa.
Kinetics of CagA type IV secretion by Helicobacter pylori and the requirement for substrate unfolding
Authors: Lettl Clara , Haas Rainer , Fischer Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractType IV secretion of effector proteins is an important principle for interaction of human pathogens with their target cells. The corresponding secretion systems may transport a multitude of effector proteins that have to be deployed in the respective spatiotemporal context, or only a single translocated protein, as in the case of the CagA effector protein produced by the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. For a more detailed analysis of the kinetics and mode of action of CagA type IV secretion by H. pylori, we describe here, a novel, highly sensitive split luciferase‐based translocation reporter which can be easily adapted to different end‐point or real‐time measurements. Using this reporter, we showed that H. pylori cells are able to rapidly inject a limited amount of their CagA supply into cultured gastric epithelial cells. We have further employed the reporter system to address the question whether CagA has to be unfolded prior to translocation by the type IV secretion system. We showed that protein domains co‐translocated with CagA as protein fusions are more readily tolerated as substrates than in other secretion systems, but also provide evidence that unfolding of effector proteins is a prerequisite for their transport.
Why are you talking to yourself? The epistemic role of inner speech in reasoning
Authors: Munroe Wade 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople frequently report that, at times, their thought has a vocal character. Thinking commonly appears to be accompanied or constituted by silently ‘talking’ to oneself in inner speech. In this paper, we explore the specifically epistemic role of inner speech in conscious reasoning. A plausible position—but one I argue is ultimately wrong—is that inner speech plays asolelyfacilitative role that is exhausted by (i) serving as the vehicle of representation for conscious reasoning, and/or (ii) allowing one to focus on certain types of objects or relations, e.g., causal relations, abstracta, counterfactuals, etc., or to consciously entertain structured propositional contents that it would be hard (or impossible) to focus on or entertain with representations in other (e.g., imagistic) formats. According to this position, inner speech doesn't figure as a justificatory element in our reasoning or as the partial epistemic basis of our conclusions—it merely facilitates reasoning through (i) and/or (ii). In contrast to the view that inner speech is amerefacilitator, I establish that (outside of potentially playing roles (i) and/or (ii)) the language we use itself serves as a crucial source of information in reasoning. In other words, we reason from propositions about the language we use in inner speech as opposed to exclusively reasoning from the semantic contents of the speech. My conclusion follows from how we use language as a cognitive tool to keep track of information, e.g., the contents of premises, lemmas, previous reasoning results, etc., in reasoning.
Humility in health care: A model
Authors: Zinan Nora 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the author's model of humility structures that can be operationalized as behaviours and incorporated into healthcare practice, the Humility in Health Care Model. The Humility in Health Care Model expands and combines the concepts of cultural humility, holistic nursing, servant leadership and the Chinese concept ‘QIAN’. The paper identifies ways to create a regular practice of humility behaviours on the personal/interpersonal, leadership, systems and policy levels. The paper discusses the benefits of operationalizing humility, forces that favour humility and barriers to practicing its behaviours. Suggestions for future research on humility in the healthcare professions are offered.