bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
İslam Eserlerinde Kullanılan Kare Tabanlı Geometrik Desenlerin Çözümlenmesine Yönelik Yeni Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: ERYILMAZ Halil İbrahim , SELİMGİL Bahar 
Published: June 2021

Geometrik desenler Emevi, Abbasi, Karahanlı, Gazneli ve Büyük Selçuklu dönemlerinde, coğrafi bölge ve kullanılan malzemenin türüne bağlı olmaksızın çokça uygulanmıştır. Süslemenin her alanında çeşitli malzemelerle uygulanmış olan geometrik kompozisyonlar bitkisel, yazı ve figürlü kompozisyonlar ile birlikte, Selçuklu, beylikler ve Osmanlı devirlerinde de sürekli olarak kullanılmıştır.
İslam eserlerinde kullanılan geometrik desenler kare, beşgen, altıgen, yedigen, sekizgen, dokuzgen, ongen, on altıgen, yirmi dörtgen, daire gibi birbirinden farklı geometrik şekillerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda Fas, Hindistan, İran, İspanya, Mısır, Özbekistan, Suriye, Türkiye ile Almanya, Amerika, Fransa ve İngiltere’deki bazı müze ve kütüphanelerde tespit edilen toplam 141 eserdeki 33 farklı kare tabanlı geometrik desen, 9 grup halinde incelenmiştir. Bu desenler IV.-XX. yüzyıllar arasında üretilmiş olan eserlerde yer almaktadır. Bu desenleri daha doğru ve kolay çizebilmek için tarafımızdan kare tabanlı yeni bir ızgara sistemi oluşturulmuştur. Sözünü ettiğimiz yeni yaklaşım budur. İlave olarak birbirine benzer ya da birbirinin akrabası olabilecek desenler gruplandırılmış, ortaya konulan yeni ızgara sayesinde desenlerin detaylı çizimleri gösterilmiştir. Makalenin sınırları gereği detaylı desen analizi yapılamamıştır. Sadece desenlerin ızgaraya yerleşme biçimi gösterilmiştir.
Synsedimentary to Diagenetic Cu±Co Mineralization in Mesoproterozoic Pyritic Shale Driven by Magmatic-Hydrothermal Activity on the Edge of the Great Falls Tectonic Zone–Black Butte, Helena Embayment, Belt-Purcell Basin, USA: Evidence from Sulfide Re-Os Isotope Geochemistry
Authors: Saintilan Nicolas J. , Sheldrake Thomas E. , Creaser Robert A. , Selby David , Zieg Jerry , Boyce Adrian , Chelle-Michou Cyril 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ca. 1,500 to 1,325 Ma Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Basin is an exceptionally preserved archive of Mesoproterozoic Earth and its paleoenvironmental conditions. The Belt-Purcell Basin is also host to world-class base metal sediment-hosted mineralization produced in a variety of settings from the rift stage of basin evolution through the subsequent influence of East Kootenay and Grenvillian orogenies. The mineral potential of this basin has not been fully realized yet. New rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) data presented here for chalcopyrite, pyrite, and black shale contribute to refine a robust genetic model for the origin of the Black Butte copper±cobalt±silver (Cu±Co±Ag) deposit hosted by the ca. &gt;1,475 Ma Newland Formation in the Helena Embayment of the Belt-Purcell Basin in Montana, USA. Chalcopyrite Re-Os data yield an isochron age (1,488±34 Ma, unradiogenic initial 187Os/188Os composition Osi-chalcopyrite=0.13±0.11) that overlaps with the geological age of the Newland Formation. Further, the Re-Os data of synsedimentary to diagenetic massive pyrite yield evidence of resetting with an isochron age (1,358±42 Ma) coincident with the timing of the East Kootenay orogeny. The unradiogenic Osi-chalcopyrite at ca. 1,488 Ma (0.13±0.11) argues for derivation of Os from a magmatic source with a 187Os/188Os isotopic composition inherited from the upper mantle in the Mesoproterozoic (Osmantle 1,475 Ma=0.12±0.02). The unradiogenic Osi-chalcopyrite also suggests limited contamination from a continental crustal source. This source of Os and our new sulfur isotopic signatures of chalcopyrite (–4.1 to +2.1‰-VCDT) implies a dominantly magmatic source for metals. We integrate our new results and previously published geological and geochemical evidence to conceptualize a genetic model in which Cu and metals were largely contributed by moderate-temperature, reduced magmatic-hydrothermal fluids carrying reduced sulfur species with a magmatic origin and flowing as highly metalliferous fluids within the shale sequence. A subsidiary derivation of metals during thermally forced shale diagenesis is possible. Chalcopyrite mineralization replaced locally massive synsedimentary to diagenetic pyrite units close to the sediment-water interface, i.e., an ideal locus where magmatic-hydrothermal fluids could cool and the solubility of chalcopyrite would fall. We suggest that Cu mineralization was coeval with the timing of an enhanced thermal gradient in the Helena Embayment triggered until ca. 1,455 Ma by tholeiitic dike swarm that intruded into Archean basement rocks and intersected the NE-SW-trending Great Falls Tectonic Zone.
RNA-seq analysis of ischemia stroke and normal brain in a tree shrew model with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhao Ling , Huang Shiying , Liao Qiwei , Li Xia , Tan Shufen , Li Shuqing , Ke Tingyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, similar strategies have been used for the treatment and prevention of acute stroke in both diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM populations. These strategies were analyzed to provide an experimental basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of stroke in patients both with and without DM.Methods: Tree shrews were randomly divided into control, DM, ischemic stroke (IS), and DMIS groups with 18 animals in each group. Serum biochemical indicators were used to assess metabolic status. Neural tissue damage was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, H-E staining, and electron microscopy. Differential gene expression of neural tissue between the DM and control groups and the IS and DMIS groups was measured using RNA-seq analysis. Results: The serum glucose levels of the DM and DMIS groups were significantly higher than other groups. In the DMIS group, the infarct size was significantly larger than in the IS group (19.56 ± 1.25%), with a more obvious abnormal ultrastructure of neural cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of IL-8, C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was significantly higher in the DM group than in the control group. The CCL7, ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 12, and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2 levels were significantly higher in the DMIS group than in the IS group.Conclusions: For the prevention and treatment of stroke in patients with DM, reducing the inflammatory state of the nervous system may reduce the incidence of stroke and improve the prognosis of neurological function after IS.
Attitudes And Preferences of Wildlife And Their Relationship With Childhood Nature Experience Amongst Residents In A Tropical Urban City
Authors: Ngo Kang Min , Hosaka Tetsuro , Numata Shinya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
How people relate to biodiversity and whether they are supportive of conservation programs and policies has implications on global and local biodiversity conservation efforts. Nature experiences in childhood has been shown to be strongly correlated to positive attitudes towards nature and wildlife in adulthood. In this study, we examined wildlife experience, attitudes and willingness to coexist with 26 vertebrates and invertebrates amongst residents in a highly urbanized tropical city, Singapore. A total of 1004 respondents were surveyed and their childhood nature experience and various socioeconomic variables were obtained. The animals were grouped by their likeability and preferred habitat from the respondents’ answers. Three main groups of animals were discerned – unfavorable animals, mammals, and favorable animals. Singapore residents generally had high direct experiences of animals that are common in urban settings, for both favorable and unfavorable animals, such as butterflies, dragonflies, crows and bees, but low direct experiences of forest-dependent wildlife. Animals that were well-liked and acceptable near homes include the common urban ones and some forest-dependent ones, while animals that were disliked included stinging insects (bees and hornets) and reptiles (snakes and water monitors). The apparent mismatch between greening policies and people’s willingness to coexist with wildlife may be problematic as urban development further encroaches on forest habitats, and this study highlights the importance of preserving forest habitats so that young children and adults have opportunities to be exposed to them.
On the Cluster Validity Test (s) in Unsupervised Machine Learning TDA Approach for Atmospheric River Patterns on Flood Detection in Nigeria
Authors: Ohanuba Felix Obi , Ismail Mohd Tahir , Ali Majid Khan Majahar , Alih Ekele , Ezra Precious Ndidiamaka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
TDA (i.e., Topological Data Analysis) has recently been a reliable and current research area in Statistics for extracting shape (information) from data. In this study, the researchers proposed an automated method that uses TDA & ML in identifying floods (ARs) in big data. Our process gives vital details on time series trends, which help mitigate the negative effect of ARs, such as flooding. The spatial data (between 1970 - 2018) from Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) on four weather parameters were used. The daily datasets were converted to monthly datasets before the proposed method was applied. Python Software is used to develop code in the implementation of our process. Mostly, the outcome facts studied will drastically reduce disasters due to extreme events like floods and achieve some SDG goals related to the flood. The second objective is to identify potential flooding and no flooding in each zone. The work successfully used a real dataset and four variables that other studies have not used to fill a gap. After our model's training process, we obtained the best group at k = 2, where we have the highest Silhouette coefficient in each of the seven states. We have found a reasonable structure in the study considering the total average range (0.3 - 0.8). That gives an efficiency outcome of approximately 80%. Summary of clustered feature pattern shows the potential flood zone and no flood zone. We conducted cluster validity of our results using R software codes and, the test validated the best group at the same cluster k = 2. The Gap statistic shows efficiency ranging between 65% to 80% in the seven states. We found from figure 11 that only the Silhouette plot obtained optimal values at exactly k = 2; The researchers got the extent of the spread from the centroid using Excel software.
Performance analysis and modeling: atmospheric turbulence and crosstalk of WDM-FSO network
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) access network using high-speed free-space optical (FSO) communication for the distribution link is proposed. This Paper investigates terrestrial atmospheric of WDM-FSO communication systems operating under the influence of turbulence-induced scintillation, beam spreading, optical interchannel crosstalk, amplified spontaneous emission noise and pointing errors.On-off keying-non–return-to-zero and digital pulse position modulation are the modulation schemes used for the calculations.
Urban Tree DBH Response to Fast Urbanization— A Case from Coastal City Zhanjiang, China
Authors: Cheng Xia-Lan , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Balfour Kelly , Qureshi Salman , Liu Shuang , Zhu Zhi-Xin , Wu Si-Si , Wang Huafeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trees perform various ecosystem functions within urban green space, yet little is known about the magnitude of change in urban tree DBH, and its potential response to urbanization. Field investigation was used to determine current tree DBH within Urban Function Units (UFUs) in the coastal city Zhanjiang in China. The cover of each UFU was determined via visual interpretation of satellite images. We recorded 12,434 individuals within Zhanjiang green space belonging to 185 species, 137 genera, and 51 families. The dominant DBH range was 5-15 cm, which accounted for 43.72% of the total stems. The DBHs of 33 individuals were larger than 90 cm - 20 of these individuals were Ficus species. The average tree DBH within commercial areas was (32.29 cm ±1.74 cm), which was the highest among all UFU types, and lowest within woodland areas (7.11 cm ± 0.56 cm). Tree DBH was significantly positively correlated with imperious surface rate, and significantly negatively correlated with green space surface rate. Variation partitioning analysis showed that impervious surface rate had the highest explanatory power, followed by construction age, then patch density. These three prediction variables, however, only explained 20% of the total observed variation - this suggests that DBH was strongly influenced by several additional factors. Understanding urban tree DBH structure and its influencing factors can promote the stable development of the urban forest.
Self-Delayed Feedback Based Car Following Control With Velocity Uncertainty of Preceding Vehicle On Gradient Roads
Authors: Zhai Cong , Wu Weitiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Uphill and downhill roads are prevalent in mountainous areas and freeways. Despite the advancement of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology, the driving field of vision is still largely limited under such a complex road environment, which hinders the sensors accurately perceiving the speed of the front vehicle. As such, a fundamental question for autonomous traffic management is how to control traffic flow associated with the velocity uncertainty of preceding vehicles? This paper seeks to develop a controlling framework for corporative car following control under such complex road environment. To this end, we first propose a traffic flow model accounting for the uncertainty effect of preceding vehicles velocity on gradient road. We further design a new self-delayed feedback controller based on the velocity and headway difference between the current time step and historical time step, in an aim to enhance the robustness of traffic flow. The sufficient condition where traffic jam does not occur is derived from the perspective of the frequency domain via Hurwitz criteria H∞ and norm of transfer functions. The bode diagram reveals that the robustness of closed-loop traffic flow model has been significantly enhanced. We also conduct simulations to verify the theoretical analysis.
Violent crime and extremism in South Sudan: The modus operandi of organised criminal groups and political corruption
Authors: Ding Dau 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Environmental Criminology (EC) theories are regularly employed by law enforcement practitioners within their efforts to disrupt the criminal activities of motivated offenders. However, EC theories have not been utilised to combat the illicit activities of “State-supported” offenders. This study explored organised crime in South Sudan by applying EC theories and large group population psychoanalysis. A null hypothesis - “violent crime in South Sudan is not associated with ideological extremism” - was postulated and assessed. Fifty-Four South Sudanese government officials participated in semi-structured interviews. Violent crime and organised crime were reported to be common in South Sudan. Both were identified as being facilitated by political corruption. The study concludes that there is no association between ideological extremism and violent crime; including ethnic and tribal extremism. EC theories and population psychoanalysis may be cogently employed to practically inform stakeholders’ efforts in combating the criminal activities of State-supported motivated offenders. The EC crime triangle is a useful tool for highlighting State-supported illicit activities that: Challenge democratic governance in failing or failed Nation-States; Undermine the international rules of law and human rights, and; Threaten global peace and security via transnational criminal activities, including the financing of foreign terrorist organisations.
Chemerin Promotes Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase / Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases Activation to Induce Inflammatory Factor Production in Rat Synoviocytes
Authors: wang chen , Zhang Songrui , Huang Longao , Liu Jianyi , Du Gang , Lao Shan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
AimChemerin is a chemokine from adipose tissue that specifically binds to the G protein-coupled receptor ChemR23 and has a chemotactic effect on macrophages and dendritic cells. A correlation between chemerin levels in synovial fluid and disease severity has been demonstrated in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the specific mechanism by which chemerin exerts its effects on osteoarthritis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of chemerin-associated synoviocyte inflammation.MethodsCell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to identify concentrations of chemerin that had an effect on normal rat synoviocytes. The expression changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway marker genes, including MEK, ERK, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13, were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The phosphorylation of MEK, ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) by chemerin was analyzed by Western blotting, and the production of inflammatory factors after chemerin treatment was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For in vivo assessment of chemerin function, rats were subjected to knee operation to provide a model for arthritis. The knees were then injected with normal saline or recombinant chemerin, and three weeks later, the synovium and knee joint tissue were harvested for HE staining observation and the synovial tissue was harvested for ELISA.ResultsChemerin was demonstrated to enhance the proliferation of synoviocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of chemerin on synoviocytes was shown to involve the activation of MEK, ERK1/2 and p38, which was associated with the production of MMP-13, MMP-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β by synoviocytes. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway significantly inhibited chemerin-induced MMP-13, MMP-3, IL-6 and IL-1β production. HE staining showed that the degree of synovial hyperplasia and articular cartilage abrasion was more severe in chemerin-treated rats after knee operation. The articular cartilage surface was damaged, and the synovial tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration. In rats that underwent operation without chemerin treatment, there was a slight inflammatory infiltration and higher levels of inflammatory factors as compared to unoperated rats; however, secretion of the downstream inflammatory factors IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-13) and IL-1β was significantly greater in the drug-treated group (P<0.05).ConclusionChemerin enhances the production of inflammatory factors in synoviocytes by activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
Quercetin Synergistically Potentiates the Anti-Angiogenic Effect of 5- Fluorouracil on HUVEC Cell Line
Authors: rashidi mojtaba , Mohammadzadeh Ghorban , Sanaei arash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
background: Since tumors need oxygen and nutrients to grow and spread, angiogenesis has an essential role in cancer growth and metastasis. So, inhibition of angiogenesis at the initial stage of cancer is a critical strategy in metastasis inhibition. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy drug that has also been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has anti-angiogenic effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the anti-angiogenic effect of 5-FU in combination with Quercetin (Que) and compare it with the application of 5-FU alone.Method and Results: Following the treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Que, 5-FU and their combination, the cell viability, migration, and gene expression of VEGFR2 and VEGFR1 were assessed through MTT assay, wound healing assay, and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. In vivo angiogenesis was evaluated using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Our study showed that cell viability, migration, gene expression of VEGFR2 and VEGFR1, and angiogenesis significantly decreased following Que and 5-FU alone treatment, and the decrease in combination state was significant compare to 5-FU alone.Conclusions: In summary, the present study showed that the combination of Que with 5-FU improves its anti-angiogenic effects. Therefore, this combination can be suggested for future in vivo studies.
Metagenomic Analysis for Taxonomic and Functional Potential of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Degrading Bacterial Communities in Steel Industrial Soil
Authors: Sandhu Monika , Paul Atish T. , Jha Prabhat Nath 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Iron and steel industries are the major contributors to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The microbial community present at such sites has potential to remediate these contaminants. The present study highlights the metabolic potential of resident microbial community of PAHs and PCB contaminated soil nearby Bhilai steel plant, Chhattisgarh (India). The GC-MS/MS analysis of soil samples MGB-2 (sludge) and MGB-3 (dry soil) resulted in identification of different classes of POPs including PAHs {benzo[a]anthracene (nd; 17.69%), fluorene (15.89%, nd), pyrene (nd; 18.7%), benzo(b)fluoranthene (3.03%, nd), benzo(k)fluoranthene (11.29%; nd), perylene (5.23%; nd)} and PCBs (PCB-15, PCB-95, and PCB-136). Whole-genome metagenomic analysis by Oxford Nanopore GridION Technology revealed Proteobacteria (44.3%; 50.0%) to be the prominent phylum followed by Actinobacteria (22.1%; 19.5%) in MBG-2 and MBG-3, respectively. The sample MGB-3 was richer in terms of macronutrients (C, N, P) supporting high microbial diversity than MGB-2. Taxonomic vis-à-vis functional analysis identified Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, and Rhodopseudomonas as the keystone degrader of PAH and PCB. Overall, our results revealed the importance of metagenomic together with physicochemical analysis of contaminated site which improves the understanding of metabolic potential and adaptation of bacteria growing under stressful environment.
Performance of Finite Energy Airy Hermite Gaussian Beam in Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Mert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents intensity evolution of finite energy Airy Hermite Gaussian(FEAHG) beam and its scintillation performance under strong atmospheric conditions. Atmosphere is modeled utilizing split step propagation. Our results reveals that, beam evolves into elliptic shape during propagation. Point like scintillation reduction is obtained for all setting of FEAHG beam. For selected apertures less scintillation index is provided by FEAHG beam. We think that our results are used in free space optical communication systems.