bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pontine Arteriolosclerosis and Locus Coeruleus Oxidative Stress Differentiate Resilience from Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Clinical Pathologic Cohort
Authors: Kelly Sarah C , Nelson Peter T , Counts Scott E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration is associated with cognitive deterioration during the transition from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the extent to which LC degenerative processes differentiate cognitively normal, “resilient” subjects bearing a high AD pathological burden from those with MCI or AD remains unclear. We approached this problem by quantifying the number of LC neurons and the percentage of LC neurons bearing AT8 tau pathology, TDP-43 pathology, or a marker for DNA/RNA oxidative damage, in well-characterized subjects diagnosed as normal cognition-low AD pathology (NC-LP), NC-high AD pathology (NC-HP), MCI, or mild/moderate AD. In addition, the severity of pontine arteriolosclerosis in each subject was compared across the groups. There was a trend for a step-wise ∼20% loss of LC neuron number between the NC-LP, NC-HP and MCI subjects despite a successive, significant ∼80%–100% increase in tau pathology between these groups. In contrast, increasing pontine arteriolosclerosis severity scores and LC oxidative stress burden significantly separated the NC-LP/HP and MCI/AD groups via comparative, correlation, and regression analysis. Pontine perfusion, as well as LC neuronal metabolic and redox function, may impact noradrenergic LC modulation of cognition during the preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.
Logic of defeasible permission and its dynamics
Authors: Dong Huimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a deontic logic for defeasible permission and studies norm change in various updated semantics. When one grants that $\varphi $ or $\psi $ is permitted, normally, it goes together with the conjunction of a permission of $\varphi $ and that of $\psi $. In the monotonic reasoning on this permission, a permission of $\varphi $ leads to a permission of $\varphi $ and $\psi $; however, if a prohibition of $\psi $ is introduced, we get into trouble. We face a paradox of free choice permission. Many solutions have been proposed, but a systematic account of handling norm change is still needed. This paper first introduces the notion of normality to develop a sound and complete deontic logic for defeasible permission, which can be used to analyse several notions in natural language and in game theory. Further, following Lewis’ idea of norm change, a systematic way to capture various dynamics for updating permission and obligation is proposed.
‘Water Has Aroused the Girls’ Hearts’: Gendering Water and Soil Conservation in 1950s China
Authors: Muscolino Micah S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water and soil conservation in the village of Dengjiabao in Gansu province, north-west China, gained nationwide renown through state-led campaigns against erosion during the 1950s. This was deeply interconnected with shifting conceptions of women’s work and had far-reaching effects on their everyday lives. Investigation of these conservation programmes adds to recent efforts to integrate gender and environmental history. Since the gendered division of labour in rural China dictated that women should do the work of acquiring fuel and water, measures that conserved these resources brought genuine improvements for them. They also reshaped local marriage patterns by making previously resource-starved villages more attractive to young women from other areas. However, a dissonance existed between the official propaganda and the experience of conservation for rural women. Oral history interviews and archival documents show that balancing the demands of conservation work with household responsibilities intensified the pressures placed upon women. Mobilization for the highly militarized conservation campaigns that were an integral part of the Great Leap Forward (1958–61), and the famine they helped to precipitate, subjected women to unprecedented burdens that affected their domestic lives and had an enduring effect on their health and well-being.
The Rate of Return on Real Estate: Long-Run Micro-Level Evidence
Authors: Chambers David , Spaenjers Christophe , Steiner Eva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReal estate—housing in particular—is a less profitable investment in the long run than previously thought. We hand-collect property-level financial data for the institutional real estate portfolios of four large Oxbridge colleges over the period 1901–1983. Gross income yields initially fluctuate around 5%, but then trend downward (upward) for agricultural and residential (commercial) real estate. Long-term real income growth rates are close to zero for all property types. Our findings imply annualized real total returns, net of costs, ranging from approximately 2.3% for residential to 4.5% for agricultural real estate.
Methodological Variation in Empirical Corporate Finance
Authors: Mitton Todd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I document large variation in empirical methodology in corporate finance regressions in top finance journals. Although methodological variation allows for customization of empirical tests to fit specific theories, it can also enable excessive reporting of statistically significant results. For example, given discretion over 10 routine methodological decisions, a researcher could report that over 70% of randomly generated variables are statistically significant determinants of leverage at the 5% level. The methodological decisions that affect statistical significance the most are dependent variable selection, variable transformation, and outlier treatment. I discuss remedies that can mitigate the negative effects of methodological variation.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)-related AA amyloidosis: a national case series and systematic review
Authors: Delaleu Jérémie , Deshayes Samuel , Rodrigues Francois , Savey Lea , Rivière Etienne , Silva Nicolas Martin , Aouba Achille , Amselem Serge , Rabant Marion , Grateau Gilles , Giurgea Irina , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
TNF receptor-1-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder associated with mutations in the TNF receptor super family 1 A (TNFRSF1A) gene. AA amyloidosis (AA) is the most severe complication of TRAPS. To study the occurrence and prognosis of AA in TRAPS, we conducted a retrospective study of all French cases and a systematic literature review.

Methods
This case series includes TRAPS patients followed by our centre from 2000 to 2020 presenting with histologically confirmed AA. We conducted a systematic literature review on the PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles published up to February 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and using the keywords: amyloidoisis, amyloid, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, TRAPS, TNFRSF1A, familial hibernian fever and hibernian familial fever.

Results
A total of 41 TRAPS with AA were studied: three new patients and 38 cases from the literature. AA diagnosis preceded that of TRAPS in 96% of cases, and 17/36 (47%) required renal replacement therapy. Death occurred in 5/36 (14%) with a median follow-up of 23 months. Effect of biologics on AA were available for 21 regimens in 19 patients: 10 improved renal function, seven stabilized and four worsened. Four patients (36% of transplanted patients) relapse AA on kidney graft (only one under etanercept).

Conclusion
TRAPS is revealed by AA in most cases. Therefore, clinical features of TRAPS should be screened for in AA patients. IL-1 antagonist can help to normalize inflammation and to preserve renal function.
Globally Bred Chinese Talents Returning Home: An Analysis of a Reverse Brain-Drain Flagship Policy
Authors: Marini Giulio , Yang Lili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
China has launched a series of talent-recruitment policies in the last years, in order to attract back Chinese nationals who stayed abroad. Yet, little is known about the effect of such policies. This paper examines whether researchers recruited in one of the Chinese flagship talent-recruitment policies—the ‘Young Thousand Talents’ policy (Y1000T)—had, in the following years after recruitment, better research performance. We compare these recipients against other Chinese nationals who got PhDs in equally prestigious non-Chinese universities but continued to work abroad (mostly in the USA). Results of difference-in-differences regressions show that returning to China has an effect of positioning returnees both at the bottom and at the very summit of the distribution of quality of publications. Nevertheless, some Y1000T researchers seem to have prioritized the quantity of outputs, arguably to the detriment of quality. This is probably due to certain research evaluation criteria in place until recent times.
Long-Read Genome Sequence Resources of Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae Strain Bagalkot Causing Pomegranate Bacterial Blight
Authors: Radhika Dattatraya Hegde , Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Lamani Ashwini , Peerjade Dadapeer , Jagadeesha Rudrappa Chandrashekhar 
Published: March 2021

Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae causing bacterial blight is a devastating disease of pomegranate in India and Pakistan. Most xanthomonads use the type III secretion system to inject transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins into the host cell. TALEs bind to the effector-binding elements in the promoter of host susceptibility genes, triggering disease development. PacBio single-molecule real-time long-read sequencing technology was used to identify the TALE-encoding genes, which is otherwise not possible using next-generation short-read sequencers. In all, 1.74 Gb of raw data containing 368,980 subreads, with an average read length of 4,724 bp and longest read length of 77,471, were generated. Subreads were assembled into 15 scaffolds generating approximately 5.4 Mb (348×) of genome. X. citri pv. punicae exhibited close lineage with X. citri pv. citri with 98.78% average nucleotide identity. Of the 4,263 protein-coding genes, 11 non-TALE type III effectors and 2 TALE-encoding genes were identified. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The emerging and diverse roles of the SLy/SASH1‐protein family in health and disease—Overview of three multifunctional proteins
Authors: Jaufmann Jennifer , Franke Fabian Christoph , Sperlich Andreas , Blumendeller Carolin , Kloos Isabel , Schneider Barbara , Sasaki Daisuke , Janssen Klaus‐Peter , Beer‐Hammer Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntracellular adaptor proteins are indispensable for the transduction of receptor‐derived signals, as they recruit and connect essential downstream effectors. The SLy/SASH1‐adaptor family comprises three highly homologous proteins, all of them sharing conserved structural motifs. The initial characterization of the first member SLy1/SASH3 (SH3 protein expressed in lymphocytes 1) in 2001 was rapidly followed by identification of SLy2/HACS1 (hematopoietic adaptor containing SH3 and SAM domains 1) and SASH1/SLy3 (SAM and SH3 domain containing 1). Based on their pronounced sequence similarity, they were subsequently classified as one family of intracellular scaffold proteins. Despite their obvious homology, the three SLy/SASH1‐members fundamentally differ with regard to their expression and function in intracellular signaling. On the contrary, growing evidence clearly demonstrates an important role of all three proteins in human health and disease. In this review, we systematically summarize what is known about the SLy/SASH1‐adaptors in the field of molecular cell biology and immunology. To this end, we recapitulate current research about SLy1/SASH3, SLy2/HACS1, and SASH1/SLy3, with an emphasis on their similarities and differences.
Value in Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Stanton Robert P. , Grauer Jordan , Le Robert V. , Reutebuch Kirsten , Saunders Kevin J. , Kiebzak Gary M. 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective chart review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to document the impact of coordinated surgical and anesthetic techniques on estimated blood loss (EBL) and subsequent need for transfusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Scoliosis surgery is typically associated with large quantities of blood loss, and consequently blood transfusion may be necessary. Many strategies have been employed to minimize blood loss, including blood collection with reinfusion (“cell-saver”) and the use of antifibrinolytic drugs. We reviewed our experience with methods to minimize blood loss to show that transfusion should be a rare event.

Methods.
One hundred and thirty consecutive cases of spine fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis utilizing pedicle screw fixation were reviewed from March 2013 to October 2019. The senior author was the primary surgeon for all cases. Data were collected from the electronic medical record, including age, sex, weight, number of instrumented levels, EBL, total fluids administered during surgery, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin, and procedure duration.

Results.
The average EBL was 232 ± 152 mL (range 37–740 mL). The average preoperative hemoglobin was 13.4 ± 1.2 g/dL and the average postoperative hemoglobin (last measured before discharge) was 9.0 ± 1.2 g/dL. One patient received a transfusion of 270 mL homologous blood. Blood salvage and reinfusion (“cell-saver”) was not used. No patient was managed with antifibrinolytic drugs.

Conclusion.
Minimizing blood loss using a combination of surgical and anesthesia techniques can effectively eliminate the need for blood transfusion. The elimination of costly adjuncts increases the value of a complex orthopedic procedure.

Level of Evidence: 5
Impact of Depression on Patient Reported Outcomes Following Primary Versus Revision ACDF
Authors: Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Jadczak Caroline N. , Mohan Shruthi , Geoghegan Cara E. , Singh Kern 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort.

Objective.
To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms with patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing either primary or revision anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures.

Summary of Background.
Depression has been associated with poorer outcomes following ACDF. However, research examining the relationship between depression and PROMs in revision ACDF procedures is limited.

Methods.
A prospective database was retrospectively reviewed for primary or revision, single- or multilevel ACDF procedures from 2016 to 2019. Patients lacking preoperative Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) surveys were excluded. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were recorded and analyzed using Fisher's exact test or t test. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative improvement from baseline scores (ΔPROM) was calculated at all postoperative timepoints. Differences in mean PROM and ΔPROM between groups and changes from baseline PROM scores within groups were assessed using Student's t test. Linear regression analyzed the impact of preoperative PHQ-9 on ΔPROM.

Results.
A total of 143 patients (121 primary and 22 revision) were included. Significant differences between groups were demonstrated at the preoperative timepoint for Neck Disability Index (NDI) (P = 0.022). ΔPROM values did not significantly differ between groups. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between preoperative PHQ-9 and ΔPHQ-9 at all timepoints, ΔVAS neck at 6-weeks and 6-months, ΔVAS arm at 6-months, and ΔNDI at 6-weeks and 6-months for the primary group (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed no significant associations for the revision group.

Conclusion.
Primary or revision ACDF procedures did not significantly differ in depressive symptoms through 1-year. Primary ACDF patients significantly improved in all PROMs through all timepoints, while revision patients had limited improvement in PROMs. Preoperative depression may have a stronger association on postoperative outcomes for primary procedures.

Level of Evidence: 3
Appropriate Risk Stratification and Accounting for Age-Adjusted Reciprocal Changes in the Thoracolumbar Spine Reduces the Incidence and Magnitude of Distal Junctional Kyphosis in Cervical Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Bortz Cole , Pierce Katherine E. , Kummer Nicholas A. , Lafage Renaud , Diebo Bassel G. , Line Breton G , Lafage Virginie , Burton Douglas C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Kim Han Jo , Daniels Alan H. , Mundis Gregory M , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Eastlack Robert K. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study of a prospective cervical deformity (CD) database.

Objective.
Identify factors associated with distal junctional kyphosis (DJK); assess differences across DJK types.

Summary of Background Data.
DJK may develop as compensation for mal-correction of sagittal deformity in the thoracic curve. There is limited understanding of DJK drivers, especially for different DJK types.

Methods.
Included: patients with pre- and postoperative clinical/radiographic data. Excluded: patients with previous fusion to L5 or below. DJK was defined per surgeon note or DJK angle (kyphosis from LIV to LIV-2)<-10°, and pre- to postoperative change in DJK angle by<-10°. Age-specific target LL-TK alignment was calculated as published. Offset from target LL-TK was correlated to DJK magnitude and inclination. DJK types: severe (DJK<−20°), progressive (DJK increase>4.4°), symptomatic (reoperation or published disability thresholds of NDI ≥ 24 or mJOA≤14). Random forest identified factors associated with DJK. Means comparison tests assessed differences.

Results.
Included: 136 CD patients (61 ± 10 yr, 61%F). DJK rate was 30%. Postop offset from ideal LL-TK correlated with greater DJK angle (r = 0.428) and inclination of the distal end of the fusion construct (r = 0.244, both P < 0.02). Seven of the top 15 factors associated with DJK were radiographic, four surgical, and four clinical. Breakdown by type: severe (22%), progressive (24%), symptomatic (61%). Symptomatic had more posterior osteotomies than asymptomatic (P = 0.018). Severe had worse NDI and upper-cervical deformity (CL, C2 slope, C0-C2), as well as more posterior osteotomies than nonsevere (all P < 0.01). Progressive had greater malalignment both globally and in the cervical spine (all P < 0.03) than static. Each type had varying associated factors.

Conclusion.
Offset from age-specific alignment is associated with greater DJK and more anterior distal construct inclination, suggesting DJK may develop due to inappropriate realignment. Preoperative clinical and radiographic factors are associated with symptomatic and progressive DJK, suggesting the need for preoperative risk stratification.

Level of Evidence: 3
Neglected Painful Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture With No Palpable Gap: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Tiwari Punit , Kaur Harmeet , Bansal Nitish , Leonchuk Sergey S. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to bring to the attention of orthopedic surgeon community of our new technique of quadruple hamstrings graft in neglected Achilles tendon rupture.

Materials and Methods:
In this technique article we present results of treatment of 3 cases with neglected painful chronic Achilles tendon rupture with no palpable gap using our new surgical technique. Our method uses semitendinosus and gracilis tendon as autograft which are passes through 2 bone tunnels in calcaneum and tied over a button.

Results:
At least after 1 year each patient was satisfied with result of our treatment. Patients were able to stand on their forefoot without pain. There was no infection or other complications.

Conclusions:
Our results show that new surgical technique may be use in similar cases and should be evaluated with better analytical studies.
Goal-Directed Care Using Invasive Neuromonitoring Versus Standard of Care After Cardiac Arrest: A Matched Cohort Study*
Authors: Fergusson Nicholas A. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Thiara Sonny , Foster Denise , Gooderham Peter , Rikhraj Kiran , Grunau Brian , Christenson Jim , Ainslie Philip N. , Griesdale Donald E. G. , Sekhon Mypinder S. 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:
Following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest, hypoxic ischemic brain injury is the primary cause of mortality and disability. Goal-directed care using invasive multimodal neuromonitoring has emerged as a possible resuscitation strategy. We evaluated whether goal-directed care was associated with improved neurologic outcome in hypoxic ischemic brain injury patients after cardiac arrest.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, single-center, matched observational cohort study.

SETTING:
Quaternary academic medical center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients admitted to the ICU following return of spontaneous circulation postcardiac arrest with clinical evidence of hypoxic ischemic brain injury defined as greater than or equal to 10 minutes of cardiac arrest with an unconfounded postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale of less than or equal to 8.

INTERVENTIONS:
We compared patients who underwent goal-directed care using invasive neuromonitoring with those treated with standard of care (using both total and matched groups).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Goal-directed care patients were matched 1:1 to standard of care patients using propensity scores and exact matching. The primary outcome was a 6-month favorable neurologic outcome (Cerebral Performance Category of 1 or 2). We included 65 patients, of whom 21 received goal-directed care and 44 patients received standard of care. The median age was 50 (interquartile range, 35–61), 48 (74%) were male, and seven (11%) had shockable rhythms. Favorable neurologic outcome at 6 months was significantly greater in the goal-directed care group (n = 9/21 [43%]) compared with the matched (n = 2/21 [10%], p = 0.016) and total (n = 8/44 [18%], p = 0.034) standard of care groups. Goal-directed care group patients had higher mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001 vs total; p = 0.0060 vs matched) and lower temperature (p = 0.007 vs total; p = 0.041 vs matched).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this preliminary study of patients with hypoxic ischemic brain injury postcardiac arrest, goal-directed care guided by invasive neuromonitoring was associated with a 6-month favorable neurologic outcome (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2) versus standard of care. Significant work is required to confirm this finding in a prospectively designed study.