bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Ultrasonic Vibration Effects on Punch Radial in Sheet Hydroforming Process
Authors: Ghasemi Reza , Elyasi Majid , Baseri Hamid , Mirnia Mohammad Javad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, one of the metal forming processes that are widely used in industries is sheet hydroforming. Because of high complexity and sensitivity, this process needs precise calculations in the die and method to control metal flow correctly and prevent defects. Therefore recently, new processes were combined to this process to increase precision and effectiveness. For example, ultrasonic vibration assistance forming. Using hydroforming and ultrasonic vibration as new methods were studied in several research types separately, and each of them redounded to different analyses and improvements in the process. Even synchronic use of these two methods was studied in some metal forming processes such as tube hydroforming, but it has not been studied in sheet hydroforming. Therefore the aim of this research is the experimental study of St14 sheet hydroforming ultrasonic vibration assistance. For this purpose, ultrasonic vibration (with 20 KHz frequency and 4μm amplitude) was applied to a hydromechanical deep drawing die into punch radial in the hydroforming process. Then process parameters consisting of LDR, maximum height, forming force, safe working zone, and thickness distribution were determined and compared in four case states conventional deep drawing(CDD), hydroforming deep drawing(HDD), ultrasonic vibration assistance deep drawing(UDD) and ultrasonic vibration assistance hydroforming deep drawing(UHDD). Results indicated that applying ultrasonic vibration into the sheet hydroforming process increases LDR and the maximum height of the cup, decreases forming force and develops a safe working zone. Also was very effective in thickness distribution and decrease of sheet thinning in critical sections.
Bioproduction of Eriodictyol By Escherichia Coli Engineered Co-Culture
Authors: Nguyen Thuan , Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj , Viet Tran Thanh , Tien Nguyen Quang Duc , Loc Nguyen Hoang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Eriodictyol is a flavonoid in the flavanones subclass. It is abundantly present in a wide range of medicinal plants, citrus fruits, and vegetables. In addition, eriodictyol owns numerous importantly medicinal bioactivities such as inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells or inhibition of glioblastoma migration, and invasion. This study described the heterologous production of eriodictyol by E. coli based co-culture engineering system from the initial substrate as D-glucose. Notably, the upstream module was composed of genes for synthesis of p-coumaric acid (pCA) from D-glucose. The downstream module consisted of genes for the synthesis of eriodictyol from p-coumaric acid. The maximal result of eryodictyol was achieved 51.5 mg/L using optimal culture conditions, while mono-culture was only achieved 21.3 mg/L. In conclusion, co-culture was the efficiently alternative approach for the synthesis of eriodictyol and other natural products.
Seismic Risk Analysis of Regular Girder Bridge Subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences
Authors: CHEN LIBO , Zhou Jianhong , Zhou Qiluan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When a structure is subjected to an earthquake sequence, the high rate of aftershocks after the mainshock and cumulative damage caused by the earthquake sequence make the structure very dangerous. Considering the uncertainty in seismic occurrences, structural damage is often predicted using a seismic risk analysis. This approach has become a main measure for seismic disaster assessment, and provides a reasonable reference for post-earthquake emergency response decision-making and pre-earthquake seismic design. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a seismic risk analysis considering the effect(s) of aftershocks. In this study, the aftershock hazard is estimated for a post-mainshock environment based on an aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Considering the uncertainty regarding the mainshock and aftershock occurrences, in addition to the functional relationship between the mainshock and aftershock parameters, the aftershock seismic hazard is estimated for the pre-mainshock environment. The mainshock fragility and aftershock fragility of regular girder bridges are evaluated based on the Kunnath damage model. Finally, considering the damage accumulation in bridge structures, the seismic hazard and seismic fragility are combined to establish a post-mainshock aftershock seismic risk framework and pre-mainshock mainshock-aftershock seismic risk analysis framework. Based on these, the mainshock risk and mainshock-aftershock risk are compared to verify the importance of considering the aftershock effects in seismic disaster assessments. The aftershock risks for the bridges of different post-mainshock damage states are compared, and the influence of the initial damage after the mainshock on the damage to the structure in the post-mainshock environment is studied.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations on a Friction Ring Damper for a Flywheel
Authors: He Xiaodong , Zheng Zhiwei , Huang Xiuchang , Wang Sen , Wei Xinsheng , Wang Yong , Hua Hongxing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A damping strategy using a friction ring damper for an industrial flywheel was numerically and experimentally investigated. The friction ring damper, located on the arms of the flywheel, was experimentally found to effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the flywheel. The vibration energy is dissipated when relative motions occur at the friction contact interfaces. Nonlinear dynamic analysis based on a lumped-parameter model of a flywheel equipped with a friction ring damper was conducted. A dimensionless parameter, κ, defined as the ratio of the critical friction force to the amplitude of harmonic force, was used to evaluate the damping performance. For several values of κ, steady-state responses under harmonic excitation and nonlinear modes were obtained using the harmonic balance method (HBM) combined with the alternating frequency–time domain method (AFT). The forced response analysis proved the existence of an optimal value of κ, which can minimize the vibration amplitude of the flywheel. The nonlinear modal analysis showed that all the damping ratio–frequency curves are completely coincident even for different κ, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum damping ratio is equal to the frequency at the intersection of the forced response curves under the fully slip and the fully stick states of the friction contact interface. By analyzing the behaviors of the friction contact interface, it is shown that the friction contact interface provides damping in the combined stick–slip state. The forced response under random excitation was calculated using the Runge–Kutta method and the friction interface behaviors were analyzed. Finally, spectral testing was conducted to verify the numerical results.
Infection Fatality Rate and Infection Attack Rate of COVID-19 in South American Countries
Authors: Musa Salihu Sabiu , Tariq Amna , Yuan Liu , Haozhen Wei , He Daihai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic hit South America badly with two waves. Different COVID-19 variants have been storming across the region, leading to more severe infections and deaths even in places with high vaccination coverages.Methods: We use the start-of-the-art iterated filtering likelihood-based inference disease modelling framework. We modify the classical susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model with a time-varying transmission rate, and additional delayed class and vaccinations to reported COVID-19 deaths in 12 South American countries with the highest COVID-19 mortalities. Results: We yield biologically reasonable estimates for the infection fatality rate (IFR), the infection attack rate (IAR) and time-varying transmission rate. We observe that the severity, the dynamical patterns of the deaths and the time-varying transmission rates among the countries are highly heterogeneous. Further, our analysis of the model with vaccination highlights that increasing the vaccination rate could effectively suppress the pandemics in South America.Conclusion: This study reveals the possible mechanism behind the two waves of COVID-19 in South America. We observe reductions in the transmission rate corresponding to each wave plausibly due to improvement in nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) measures and human protective behavior reaction to recent deaths. Thus, strategies coupling social distancing and vaccination could substantially suppress the mortality rate of COVID-19 in South America.
Micro-structural and compositional study: ε-Fe2O3 crystals in the Hare’s Fur Jian Ware
Authors: Tao Shiqian , Liu Song , Yuan Yimeng , Dong Junqing , Li Qing-Hui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Jian kilns in the present-day Jianyang county of Fujian province are well-known as their thick and lustrous black-glazed porcelain production. The hare’s fur (HF) glazed Jian wares characterized by radial fur-like strips, as one of the most typical representatives of black-glazed tea bowls, are originated from phase separation of glaze melt and crystallization of iron oxides. In this work, various techniques were performed on the yellowish-brown HF samples, including portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PXRF), synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The objective of this study was to well understand the microstructure characteristics and chemical compositions of glaze patterns. Results showed that the main constituents of the ceramic glaze were alumina (10.61-16.43 wt.%), silica (62.20-77.07 wt.%), calcium (3.85-6.97 wt.%) and iron oxide (4.10-8.35 wt.%). The studies evidenced that the presence of metastable epsilon-hematite crystals (ε-Fe2O3) formed on the brownish yellow glazed surface. Microstructural analysis revealed that there were three types of crystal structures in the glaze surface, one consisted of well-grown leaf-like or dendritic-like structure with highly ordered branches at micrometers scales, one was comprised of flower-like clusters accompanied by branches radiating from the center, petals growing along the branches and needles on both sides of the petals, and the last embraced a honeycomb structure tightly packed with plentiful spherical or irregular-shaped particles. In addition, ε-Fe2O3 crystals in the cross-section of glaze showed a gradient distribution.
A Joint Use of Pooling And Imputation For Genotyping SNPs
Authors: Clouard Camille , Ausmees Kristiina , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite continuing technological advances, the cost for large-scale genotyping of a high number of samples can be prohibitive. The purpose of this study is to design a cost-saving strategy for SNP genotyping. We suggest making use of pooling, a group testing technique, to drop the amount of SNP arrays needed. We believe that this will be of the greatest importance for non-model organisms with more limited resources in terms of cost-efficient large-scale chips and high-quality reference genomes, such as application in wildlife monitoring, plant and animal breeding, but it is in essence species-agnostic. The proposed approach consists in grouping and mixing individual DNA samples into pools before testing these pools on bead-chips, such that the number of pools is less than the number of individual samples. We present a statistical estimation algorithm, based on the pooling outcomes, for inferring marker-wise the most likely genotype of every sample in each pool. Finally, we input these estimated genotypes into existing imputation algorithms. We compare the imputation performance from pooled data with the Beagle algorithm, and a local likelihood-aware phasing algorithm closely modeled on MaCH that we implemented. Results: We conduct simulations based on human data from the 1000 Genomes Project, to aid comparison with other imputation studies. Based on the simulated data, we find that pooling impacts the genotype frequencies of the directly identifiable markers, without imputation. We also demonstrate how a combinatorial estimation of the genotype probabilities from the pooling design can improve the prediction performance of imputation models. Our algorithm achieves 93% concordance in predicting unassayed markers from pooled data, thus it outperforms the Beagle imputation model which reaches 80% concordance. We observe that the pooling design gives higher concordance for the rare variants than traditional low-density to high-density imputation commonly used for cost-effective genotyping of large cohorts. Conclusions: We present promising results for combining a pooling scheme for SNP genotyping with computational genotype imputation, as demonstrated in simulations on human data, while using half the number of assays needed for sample-wise genotyping. These results could find potential applications in any context where the genotyping costs form a limiting factor on the study size, such as in marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.
Fine-scale Landscape Variability of Cotonou City, Benin: Insights From Three Contrasted Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Dossou Henri-Joël , Tenté Brice , Houémènou Gualbert , Sossou Mariano Davy , Rossi Jean-Pierre , Dobigny Gauthier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Urbanization consist in a complex and deep human-driven environmental change that strongly impacts the ecology and evolution of living organisms, including pathogens, reservoir and vector species hence human health. Quantitative proxies of urban landscapes may be very useful to sum-up such a complexity and to guide fundamental and applied research as well as urban planning programs. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide landscape and uses metrics which can be investigated through multivariate analyses, thus providing pertinent synthetic landscape descriptors. As such, our study describes the fine-scale modelling of three urban neighborhoods of Cotonou city, Benin, using GIS, landscape metrics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Spatial variability between and within neighborhoods revealed different levels of variability, with elements differentiating the three areas from each other, while local neighbourhood-specific variations were also evidenced. We found that Cotonou landscapes are strongly influenced by their history, the natural environment in which they develop as well as the urban planning trajectories. This case study shows that PCA-analyzed of GIS-based metrics may be very relevant to describe and understand the variability of urban landscapes at different scales, thus constituting a valuable tool for urban management of African cities.
Liver Iron Concentration Assessed by SQUID Biosusceptometry Compared to Heat-dried Liver Biopsy: A Blinded Study.
Authors: Weyhmiller Marcela , Pakbaz Zahra , Butz John , Fung Ellen , Paulson Douglas , Pratt Kevin , Rowland Jon , Vichinsky Elliott , Lal Ashutosh , Fischer Roland , Harmatz Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) is a noninvasive method to quantify liver iron concentration (LIC). Here we report our findings from a prospective study which validates in vivo LIC from a SQUID biosusceptometer by in vitro LIC in fresh tissue and paraffin-embedded biopsies from patients at risk for iron overload.Materials and Methods LIC was measured by BLS and biopsy. LIC by biopsy were measured in 40 dry weight fresh tissue and paraffin-embedded liver biopsy samples. LIC from biopsies and total iron scores from histology were compared to biosusceptometry. In addition, the wet-to-dry weight ratio was determined.Results Liver iron concentrations measured by BLS and in 40 fresh tissue biopsies were related by a factor of 6.0 ± 0.2 (r2 = 0.88). Similar results were obtained from comparisons with deparaffinized biopsies (6.6±0.3, r2=0.87) and histology (6.7±1.3, r2=0.47). In contrast, a mean wet-to-dry weight ratio of 4.1 ± 0.7 was achieved from biopsies immediately weighed after the biopsy procedure.ConclusionLIC derived from two independent measures, the historical biopsy gold standard and biosusceptometry, were highly correlated. When comparing biosusceptometry with wet weight biopsies, the liver tissue sample size is critical.
Next Generation Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Indo-Gangetic Plains, India
Authors: Keshri Chhotu Kumar , Mohanty William Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
India's Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and its proximity to the Himalayas are seismically the most vulnerable zone. For seismic hazard analysis, it requires a reliable Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for this region. The strong motion accelerometer data are used for the present study from 2005 to 2015. PSA of 5% damped linear pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra at 27 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10 s used for regression. Two-stage nonlinear regression is used to train the functional form of a nonlinear magnitude scaling, distance scaling, and site conditions. The model includes a regionally independent geometric attenuation finite fault distance metric, style of faulting, shallow site response, basin response, hanging wall effect, hypocentre depth, regionally dependent anelastic attenuation, site conditions, and magnitude-dependent aleatory variability. We consider our new GMPE is valid for earthquakes from active tectonic shallow crustal continental earthquakes for estimating horizontal ground motion for rupture distances ranging from 1 km to 1500 km and magnitudes ranging from 3.3 to 7.9, and focal depth 1-70 km. The proposed GMPEs developed in this study for predicting PGA and PSA are compared with the Campbell and Bozorgnia 2008, 13 and 14, and North Indian GMPEs for IGP, which is agreed upon consistently. Calibration with observed data gives us the confidence to predict the ground motion from the seismic gaps of Himalaya ranges for the Indo-Gangetic plains. The predicted coefficients of the nonlinear model are anticipated to be valuable for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis over the IGP.
Commitment to protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Syria: a nationwide cross-sectional study.
Authors: Shibani Mosa , Alzabibi Mhd Amin , Mohandes Abdul Fattah , Armashi Humam , Alsuliman Tamim , Mouki Angie , Ismail Hlma , Alhayk Shahd , Rmman Ahmad abdulateef , Mushaweh Hala Adel Almohi Alsaid , Mansour Marah , Battikh Elias , Khalayli Naram , Sawaf Bisher , Kudsi Mayssoun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to impose itself on all populations of the world. Given the slow pace of vaccination in the developing world and the absence of effective treatments, adherence to precautionary infection control measures remains the best way to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from spiraling out of control. In this study, we aim to evaluate the extent to which the Syrian population adheres to these measures and analyze the relationship between demographic variables and adherence.
Methods

This cross-sectional study took place in Syria between January 17 and March 17, 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed in both electronic and printed versions. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.25. The chi-square test was used to address the correlation between adherence and demographic variables.
Results

Of the 10083 reached out, only (74.6%) responded. Of them, 4026 (53.5%) were women, 3984 (52.9%) were single, and 1908 (25.3%) had earned university degrees. 5286 (70.25) were classified as the good adherers to protective measures. Statistically significant differences across age, sex, marital status, financial status, employment, and educational attainment when correlated against commitment to preventive measures. Young age, female sex, good financial status, and having a full-time job and post-graduate education were positively correlated to the stronger commitment to preventive measures. Furthermore, those who believed that COVID-19 poses a major risk to them or society were more committed to preventive measures than those who did not.
Conclusion

The participants in this study generally showed a high level of adherence to the preventive measures compared to participants in other studies from around the world, with some concerns regarding risk perception and the sources of information they depend on. Public health and community education efforts should focus on maintaining, if not expanding, this level of commitment, which would mitigate the pandemic’s impact on Syrian society.
Unclasping potential chickpea resources for biofortification of the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Singh Amrendra Pratap , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Hegde VS , Shukla Narayani , Saini Pinki , Yadav Renu , Yadav Neelam , Aggrwal Ranjana , Kumar Rajendra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Context: The Superoxide Dismutase enzyme plays a very decisive role in governing abiotic and biotic stresses infused the hypothesis for the study.Aims: The investigation was conducted to assess the diverseness and identify novel resources to be utilized in Superoxide Dismutase induced abiotic-biotic stress resistance breeding of chickpea.Methods: The plants were grown in triplicates under recommended agronomic practices using PUSA 256 as check in a randomized block design. Fresh leaves were collected for estimation of enzyme superoxide dismutase and DNA extraction. Number of pods was recorded on 20 individual plants from middle of the row for each of the 12 genotypes. Employing 32 STMS markers together with morpho-biochemical data, Jaccard’s similarity coefficients along with dendrograms were generated to compare and assess the diversity.Key results: Amongst genotypes, the BGD-70 vs ICRISAT-3668 were identified as poorest vs best performers for superoxide dismutase activity. Out of 32 STMS primers, 80 alleles with 2.5 an average per loci were found. The marker TA-80 was identified as most polymorphic. The genotypes ICRISAT-3668 and SBD 377, distantly located on different molecular clusters, expressed higher SOD activity indicating genetic governance, probably by limited number of polygenes / OTLs and might be utilized as potential resources for abiotic-biotic stress resistance.Conclusions: The genotypes ICRISAT-3668, SBD 377 and polymorphic marker TA-80 were identified as novel potential genetic resources.Implications: The identified resources may be employed to widen the germplasm base, prepare maintainable catalogue, systematic blueprints and bifortification for future chickpea breeding strategies targeting abiotic-biotic stresses.
Two-Dimensional Loading in Vehicle Routing Problem With Release and Due Dates
Authors: Soman Jaikishan , Patil Rahul J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study a two-dimensional vehicle loading and routing problem, in which customer orders with deadlines become available for dispatch as per their release dates. The objective is to minimize the sum of transportation, inventory, and tardiness costs, while respecting various loading and routing constraints. This scenario allows us to study various tradeoffs that tend to arise due to temporal order aggregation across release dates. We thereby propose an integrated mathematical formulation to simultaneously model both the routing and loading requirements of the problem at hand. Specifically, as the problem is NP-hard, we propose a scatter search based heuristic approach to solve large-size instances. Further, its performance is enhanced using problem-specific procedures and strategic oscillation approaches. Additionally, the numerical experiments illustrate the influence of cost structures on both the optimal loading configurations along with the optimal routes. Importantly, our experiments also suggest that the proposed scatter search method can produce good quality solutions in less time.