bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROS-generating rare-earth coordination networks for photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans
Authors: Godoy Agustín A. , Bernini María C. , Funes Matías D. , Sortino Maximiliano , Collins Sebastián E. , Narda Griselda E. 
Published: March 2021

Photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans was studied evaluating Nano-sized 2D coordination network particles as photosensitizers through the generation of ROS under UV radiation. Promising results confirm the antifungal activity against C. albicans.
A Systematic Review of Augmented Input Interventions and Exploratory Analysis of Moderators
Authors: Chazin Kate T. , Ledford Jennifer R. , Pak Natalie S. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Augmented input is the act of concurrently modeling language verbally and on a communication device, and is one strategy for teaching individuals to effectively use aided modes of communication. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the efficacy of augmented input for increasing communication and to identify intervention components, participant characteristics, and instructional contexts related to therapeutic outcomes.

Method
We double screened all potential sources and double coded all included sources. Database, forward, and backward searches yielded 99 single case designs in 26 sources. We coded characteristics of participants, instructional contexts, independent variables, and dependent variables. We also coded quality/rigor and primary outcomes for each design or comparison.

Results
Across high-quality studies, two thirds of designs indicated that augmented input was effective compared to baseline conditions and alternative interventions, and exploratory analyses indicated that receptive language skills, age, and diagnoses may moderate intervention efficacy. Most augmented input interventions included additional components that may serve as “active ingredients” (e.g., systematic prompting, contextual reinforcement). Most studies also did not report participant characteristics hypothesized to moderate intervention efficacy (e.g., joint attention skills, imitation repertoire). Results also indicated high risk of publication bias, with peer-reviewed sources twice as likely to include positive effects than dissertations and theses.

Conclusions
Across high-quality studies, augmented input was inconsistently effective as a stand-alone intervention. Packaged interventions that included augmented input were typically more effective than augmented input in isolation, particularly for individuals who were young, had strong receptive language skills, or had no comorbid diagnoses.
Aging Effects on Categorical Perception of Mandarin Lexical Tones in Noise
Authors: Wang Yuxia , Yang Xiaohu , Ding Hongwei , Xu Can , Liu Chang 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the aging effects on the categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin lexical Tones 1–4 and Tones 1–2 in noise. It also investigated whether listeners' categorical tone perception in noise correlated with their general tone identification of 20 natural vowel-plus-tone signals in noise.

Method
Twelve younger and 12 older listeners with normal hearing were recruited in both tone identification and discrimination tasks in a CP paradigm where fundamental frequency contours of target stimuli varied systematically from the flat tone (Tone 1) to the rising/falling tones (Tones 2/4). Both tasks were conducted in quiet and noise with signal-to-noise ratios set at −5 and −10 dB, respectively, and general tone identification of natural speech signals was also tested in noise conditions.

Results
Compared with younger listeners, older listeners had shallower identification slopes and smaller discrimination peakedness in Tones 1–2/4 perception in all listening conditions, except for Tones 1–4 perception in quiet where no group differences were found. Meanwhile, noise affected Tones 1–2/4 perception: The signal-to-noise ratio condition at −10 dB brought shallower slope in Tones 1–2/4 identification and less peakedness in Tones 1–4 discrimination for both listener groups. Older listeners' CP in noise, the identification slopes in particular, positively correlated with their general tone identification in noise, but such correlations were partially missing for younger listeners.

Conclusions
Both aging and the presence of speech-shaped noise significantly reduced the CP of Mandarin Tones 1–2/4. Listeners' Mandarin tone recognition may be related to their CP of Mandarin tones.
Coaching Childcare Providers to Support Toddlers' Gesture Use With Children Experiencing Early Childhood Poverty
Authors: Romano Mollie , Eugenio Johanna , Kiratzis Edie 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of an intervention in which childcare providers (CCPs) are coached to support toddlers' gesture use during every day classroom routines.

Method

This study uses a multiple-baseline across strategies single-case experimental design to examine the impact of a coaching intervention on three CCPs' use of communication strategies with toddlers experiencing early childhood poverty. The CCPs were coached with a systematic framework called Setting the Stage, Observation and Opportunities to Embed, Problem-solving and Planning, Reflection and Review as they learned to implement three strategies to support toddlers' gesture use—
modeling gestures with a short phrase, opportunities to gesture,
and
responding/expanding child gestures
. CCPs were coached during book sharing and another classroom routine of their choice. Social validity data on the coaching approach and on the intervention strategies were gathered from postintervention interviews.

Results

The visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs' effect size indicates that the coaching intervention had a functional relation with CCPs' use of
modeling gestures
and
responding/expanding gestures
during book sharing, play, and circle time. Social validity data indicate that CCPs found the coaching framework supportive of their learning and feelings of self-efficacy, and that the intervention strategies supported their toddlers' communication.

Conclusions
The coaching framework was used to increase CCP strategy use during everyday classroom routines with toddlers. CCPs endorsed the coaching approach and the intervention strategies. This study adds to the literature supporting efforts to enhance children's earliest language learning environments.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14044055
Performance assessment of orthogonal space‐time block codes in Nakagami‐m/inverse Gaussian fading MIMO channels
Authors: Pradhan Bibhuti Bhusan , Roy Lakshi Prosad , Mahapatra Dheeren Ku 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of multiple‐input multiple‐output systems with orthogonal space‐time block code transmit diversity technique experiencing over composite fading channels. Particularly, closed form expressions for ergodic capacity, average symbol error rate and outage probability are presented in high SNR regime. The ergodic capacity of multiple‐input multiple‐output systems with orthogonal space‐time block code is also measured in low signal‐to noise ratio regime. Other essential statistical properties such as variance and probability density function of capacity are also explored for comprehensive analysis. Compared to the exact expressions, the derived analytical formulations are found to be involved with considerably less mathematical exercise and provide additional insights into the implications of model parameters on system performance. The accuracy of distribution in approximating Nakagami‐lognormal over several realistic scenario are examined and simultaneously the efficiency of distribution is compared with that of Nakagami‐Gamma distribution. The obtained analytical expressions are corroborated using Monte‐Carlo simulations where it is observed that the approximated results remain notably tight in asymptotically high signal‐to noise ratio regime.
Hybrid optimization algorithm for security aware cluster head selection process to aid hierarchical routing in wireless sensor network
Authors: Reddy Dontham Laxma , Puttamadappa Chaluve Gowda , Suresh Hosahally Narayana Gowda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn wireless sensor networks, clustering is said to be the most noteworthy technique for increasing the lifetime of network that directly leads a better routing mechanism. This approach involves grouping of sensor nodes to clusters and choosing the appropriate cluster heads for each cluster. In fact, cluster heads gathers data from corresponding nodes in cluster and transmits those aggregated data to base station. However, the major issue in this is the selection of the appropriate cluster head. Till now, many research works have been carried out for solving this issue by considering different constraints. This paper introduces a new cluster‐based routing model by selecting the optimal cluster head. Moreover, a novel algorithm known as grey wolf updated whale optimization algorithm is introduced. Here, a new multi‐objective function is defined with respect to different constraints like distance, delay, security and energy, respectively. Finally, the performance of security aware clustering with grey wolf updated whale optimization algorithm is evaluated and validated over other conventional works with respect to alive node analysis, throughput and normalized network energy, respectively.
Stabilizing non‐linear model predictive control using linear parameter‐varying embeddings and tubes
Authors: Hanema Jurre , Tóth Roland , Lazar Mircea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) approach for non‐linear systems where the non‐linear dynamics are embedded inside a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) representation. The non‐linear MPC problem is therefore replaced by an LPV MPC problem, without using linearization. Compared to general non‐linear MPC, advantages of this approach are that it allows for the tractable construction of a terminal set and cost, and that only a single convex program must be solved online. The key idea that enables proving recursive feasibility and stability, is to restrict the state evolution of the non‐linear system to a time‐varying sequence of state constraint sets. Because in LPV embeddings, there exists a relationship between the scheduling and state variables, these state constraints are used to construct a corresponding future scheduling tube. Compared to non‐time‐varying state constraints, tighter bounds on the future scheduling trajectories are obtained. Computing a scheduling tube in this setting requires applying a non‐linear function to the sequence of constraint sets. Outer approximations of this non‐linear projection‐based scheduling tube can be found, e.g., via interval analysis. The computational properties of the approach are demonstrated on numerical examples.
Video captioning via a symmetric bidirectional decoder
Authors: Qi Shanshan , Yang Luxi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dominant video captioning methods employ the attentional encoder–decoder architecture, where the decoder is an autoregressive structure that generates sentences from left‐to‐right. However, these methods generally suffer from the exposure bias issue and neglect the guidance of future output contexts obtained from the right‐to‐left decoding. Here, the authors propose a new symmetric bidirectional decoder for video captioning. The authors first integrate the self‐attentive multi‐head attention and bidirectional gated recurrent unit for capturing the long‐term semantic dependencies in videos. The authors then apply one single decoder to generate accurate descriptions from left‐to‐right and right‐to‐left simultaneously. The decoder in each decoding direction performs two cross‐attentive multi‐head attention modules to consider both the past hidden states from the same decoding direction and the future hidden states from the reverse decoding direction at each time step. A symmetric semantic‐guided gated attention module is specially devised to adaptively suppress the irrelevant or misleading contents in the past or future output contexts and retain the useful ones for avoiding under‐description. Experimental evaluations on two widely applied benchmark datasets: Microsoft research video to text and Microsoft video description corpus, demonstrate that the authors' proposed method obtains substantially state‐of‐the‐art performance, which validates the superiority of the bidirectional decoder.
Analysis and implementation of virtual impedance for fixed‐frequency control strategy in microgrid
Authors: Qian Haiya , Xu Qingshan , Xia Yuanxing , Zhao Jun , Du Pengwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClassic droop control ensures the synchronization of distributed generation (DG) units inside a microgrid without requiring any deployment of communication links, however it causes unwanted frequency fluctuations and degrades system dynamics. Angle droop control and control have been developed as two major global positioning system (GPS)‐based control methods, both of which realize a fixed‐frequency operation of the microgrid through synchronizing DG units with GPS timing technology and brings improvement to the dynamic response of the overall system. This paper reveals the similarities and the correlations between these two methods that they can both be regarded as different forms of virtual impedance control. A novel adaptive virtual impedance control method is proposed accordingly to generalize GPS‐based control strategies into a unified control frame. An impedance and inner controller design approach considering both stability constraints and power quality requirements based on the small‐signal model of GPS‐based microgrids is presented for practical implementation. An adaptive transient resistance concept is adopted to enhance the system stability during large disturbances and grid faults. Case studies are presented to validate the system performance and fault ride‐through abilities of the proposed control scheme.
Occluded pedestrian detection combined with semantic features
Authors: Ruan Binjie , Zhang Chongyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe task of pedestrian detection is to identify the location and size of pedestrians in images or videos. However, occlusions are very common in real‐life scenarios, which make pedestrian detection more difficult. In order to solve the occlusion problem in pedestrian detection, a semantic feature enhancement module to acquire more informative and richer semantic features is proposed. The detector enhances semantic features by fusing feature maps of different layers, and detects pedestrians based on their locations and scales. The Experiments performed on Caltech and CityPersons datasets show that the algorithm achieves superior performance for detecting occluded pedestrians, especially heavily occluded ones. 30.6% and 47.9% log‐average missing rates are achieved in the heavily occluded subsets of Caltech and Cityperons, respectively. Moreover, this method is robust to the detection of heavily occluded pedestrians, and the module can be easily used by other detection frameworks.
Flexible circularly polarized antenna with axial ratio bandwidth enhancement for off‐body communications
Authors: Yang Hong Cai , Liu Xiong Ying , Fan Yi , Tentzeris Manos M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA flexible circularly polarized (CP) wearable antenna is proposed for a wireless body area network at the 5.8‐GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. The proposed antenna is made of flexible polyimide and foam material. The CP radiation is enabled by loading two pairs of shorting pins on a rectangular patch antenna. The 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is doubled by adding two inverted L‐shaped parasitic stubs on both sides of the antenna. For validation, the antenna with the dimensions of 0.68λ0 × 0.68λ0 × 0.044λ0 was fabricated and measured in various scenarios with an impedance bandwidth of 6.6% (5.67–6.05 GHz), an AR bandwidth of 3.85% (5.730–5.955 GHz), and a peak gain of 7.2 dBi. The measured radiation in the off‐body direction is achieved with a half‐power beamwidth of 65° and a 3‐dB AR beamwidth of 84°. With the specified input power of 100 mW, the specific absorption rates are 0.613 and 0.294 W/kg in 1‐g and 10‐g average tissues. Moreover, through analysing the link budget a reliable communication can be guaranteed within 20 m in indoor line‐of‐sight environments.
Angular characteristics of multipath propagation in an indoor industrial environment
Authors: Bamba Aliou , Tanghe Emmeric , Kamagaté Aladji , Laly Pierre , Challita Frédéric , Konaté Adama , Joseph Wout , Liénard Martine , Gaillot Davy P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe characteristics of multipath components (MPCs) are addressed in an industrial environment at 1.3 GHz by means of measurements with a multidimensional channel sounder. The maximum likelihood estimator, RiMAX, is used to determine the MPCs parameters and takes into account the diffuse scattering. Both line‐of‐sight (LOS) and obstructed LOS (OLOS) scenarios have been considered, along with the four polarization states. We found that the environment is very rich in multipath, that is on average, about 120 (resp. 70) MPCs in LOS (resp. OLOS) scenario due to the presence of several metallic reflectors. The azimuthal angle implies clustering of the MPCs, and therefore, the estimated MPCs are grouped in clusters using the K‐powers‐means algorithm based on the multipath component distance. In general, one to four clusters are determined with three clusters occurring with the highest probability, regardless of the scenario. Next, the intra‐cluster parameters have been determined, and we show that the root‐mean‐square (rms) delay spread and rms angular spread follow a gamma distribution, regardless of the polarization. The MPC characteristics agree with the results in the literature and can be valuable when deploying a wireless sensor network in industrial environments.
Compact beam‐switchable antenna for mm‐wave 5G handheld devices
Authors: Arshad Farzana , Khan Zia Ullah , Ali Ahsan , Amin Yasar , Tenhunen Hannu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn electronically beam‐steerable antenna (BSA) is envisioned. The presented BSA is a possible solution to overthrow the limitations inherent to phased antenna arrays. The design consists of a gap coupling inset feed rectangular patch (driven element) and 3 × 1 passive parasitic patches deployed on both sides of the driven patch. Prototype having 20 × 20 mm dimensions is printed on Rogers® RT/duroid®5870. Four switches are used to load the reactive impedance on parasitic patches, which in turn, change the phases of surface current on parasitic elements and the driven element. Based on the different ON and OFF configuration of switches in parasitic array elements, the main beam is steered along with different directions. The simulated results show that the design can operate between 26.8 and 30.3 GHz a wide impedance bandwidth |S11|< −10 dB (12.5%) with a peak gain of 8.9 dBi and wide 3‐dB scanning angle that is, −37° to 156° in the azimuth plane. The exhibited performance of BSA with favourable characteristics, such as wideband, adequate gain, wide‐angle beam switching, and low profile renders the BSA a good candidate for 5G millimetre wave handheld devices. Moreover, to corroborate the performance, the design is fabricated, and experimental measurements were performed. Congruence is observed between the experimentally measured and computationally simulated results. The simulated results of spherical coverage analysis of BSA with the integration of smartphone form factor are also presented.
Switching transient‐based state of Ampere‐hour prediction of lithium‐ion, nickel‐cadmium, nickel‐metal‐hydride and lead acid batteries used in vehicles
Authors: Ray Debopoma Kar , Roy Tamal , Chattopadhyay Surajit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe state of the ampere‐hour capacity of the battery depends on the condition of materials used in it. Large reduction of capacity ends with maintenance or replacement of the battery. Modern battery materials include application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in various stages of production. This article attempts to monitor the capacity of battery used for vehicles which are made of different types of materials using switching transients. The analytical part was done using wavelet‐based decompositions. Data sets of large number of coefficients have been developed for learning. Their statistical behaviour has been studied, and monitoring was initially carried out by some selective parameters. Then the artificial neural network‐based algorithm was developed which includes all features of statistical variation for better monitoring. Case studies have been carried out followed by comparison. The study ends with a satisfactory monitoring.
Transverse electric/magnetic switchable absorption ring modulator based on graphene
Authors: Zhou Feng , Liang Chen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) switchable absorption ring modulator based on graphene that can operate in either the TE or the TM mode. By adjusting the applied voltages onto the graphene layers in horizontal and perpendicular directions, either a TE or a TM absorption ring modulator can be configured, as has been previously reported. The simulation results show that a TE or TM modulator can be configured with a large extinction ratio and wide waveband from 1300 to 2000 nm. Specifically, the modulation bandwidth can be enlarged to over 130 GHz, which is rarely seen in conventional ring modulators. Also investigated is the possibility of extending the resonance wavelength shift to more than 5 nm by replacing the monolayer graphene structure with a quadrilayer graphene structure.
Theoretical study of hazardous carbon‐di‐oxide gas sensing using MIM structure‐based SPR sensing scheme
Authors: Srivastava Akash , Verma Alka , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work mainly focussed on the sensing of the environmentally damaging gas carbon dioxide (CO2) by designing a gas sensor based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle. The proposed model is based on the metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) model which mainly relies on metal thickness, dielectric thickness, and incident light wavelength. A comparative analysis between conventional as well as MIM‐based structure is shown in this study and it is observed that by operating at 4400 nm incident light wavelength,the MIM‐based structure shows sharp resonance curve, high resolution, minimum FWHM, and extremely high FOM. By using the modified Elden's formulae, the variation in refractive index is investigated by changing the numerical values of humidity, temperature, pressure, and CO2 content from the reference value, respectively. For each case, the sensitivity has been estimated. By using the proposed MIM‐based structure, FOM value as high as 1273.11RIU−1; at the end of this article, limit of detection (LOD) is calculated by varying the CO2 gas concentration.