bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Novel Biomarkers for Chorioamnionitis – Proof of Experimental Models
Authors: Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Werner Thomas , Niemarkt Hendrik J. , Wolfs Tim G. A. M. , Baumbach Jörg Ingo , Kemp Matthew W. , Jobe Alan H. , Rogosch Tobias , Bous Michelle , Kaiser Elisabeth , Stutz Regine , Meyer Sascha , Maier Rolf Felix , Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Spiller Owen Brad , Kramer Boris W. , Zemlin Michael 
Published: July 2021

Background: Histologic chorioamnionitis is only diagnosed postnatally which prevents interventions. We hypothesized that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the amniotic fluid might be useful biomarkers for chorioamnionitis and that VOC profiles differ between amnionitis of different origins.Methods: Time-mated ewes received intra-amniotic injections of media or saline (controls), or live Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 (Up) 14, 7 or 3d prior to c-section at day 124 gestational age (GA). 100 μg recombinant ovine IL-1α was instilled at 7, 3 or 1d prior to delivery. Headspace VOC profiles were measured from amniotic fluids at birth using ion mobility spectrometer coupled with multi-capillary columns.Results: 127 VOC peaks were identified. 27 VOCs differed between samples from controls and Up- or IL-1α induced amnionitis. The best discrimination between amnionitis by Up vs. IL-1α was reached by 2-methylpentane, with a sensitivity/specificity of 96/95% and a positive predictive value/negative predictive values of 96 and 95%. The concentration of 2-methylpentane in VOCs peaked 7d after intra-amniotic instillation of Up.Discussion: We established a novel method to study headspace VOC profiles of amniotic fluids. VOC profiles may be a useful tool to detect and to assess the duration of amnionitis induced by Up. 2-methylpentane was previously described in the exhalate of women with pre-eclampsia and might be a volatile biomarker for amnionitis. Amniotic fluids analyzed by ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns may provide bedside diagnosis of amnionitis and understanding inflammatory mechanisms during pregnancy.
Exploring the Mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Yang Qi-yue , Ma Le-le , Zhang Chen , Lin Jun-zhi , Han Li , He Ya-nan , Xie Chun-guang 
Published: July 2021

Background: Clinical trials have proven that indigo naturalis is a candidate drug for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of indigo naturalis to treat mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC.Methods: DSS-induced UC mice were treated with indigo naturalis (200 mg/kg), indigo (4.76 mg/kg), and indirubin (0.78 mg/kg) for 1 week. The anti-UC mechanism of indigo naturalis was studied by pathological section, inflammatory factor, western blot, and 16S rRNA sequencing.Results: According to body weight change, disease activity index, and colon length, indigo naturalis had the strongest anti DSS-induced UC effect, followed by indirubin and indigo. Pathological section showed that indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase the secretion of intestinal mucus, and repair the intestinal mucosa. Indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction. Indigo naturalis and indigo could also reduce IgA and IgG both in serum and colon tissue. In addition, indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could adjust the gut microbiota structure of DSS-induced UC mice, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of probiotics.Conclusion: Indigo and indirubin are one of the main anti-UC components of indigo naturalis. INN could regulate intestinal flora, reduce inflammation, repair intestinal mucosa, and improve the physiological status of DSS-induced UC mice and its anti-UC mechanism may be involved in inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction.
Pimpinellin Inhibits Collagen-induced Platelet Aggregation and Activation Through Inhibiting Granule Secretion and PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Liu Gang , Yuan Zhaowei , Tian Xiaoyun , Xiong Xiuqin , Guo Fang , Lin Zihan , Qin Zhen 
Published: July 2021

Pimpinellin is a coumarin-like compound extracted from the root of Toddalia asiatica. Its effects on platelet function has not been investigated. This study found that pimpinellin pretreatment effectively inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but did not alter ADP- and thrombin-induced aggregation. Platelets pretreated with pimpinellin showed reduced α granule (CD62) level and secretion of dense granule (ATP release). Pimpinellin-treated platelets also exhibited decreased clot reaction and TxB2 production. Pimpinellin pretreatment suppressed adhesion and spreading of human platelets on the fibrinogen coated surface. Analysis of tail bleeding time of mice administered with pimpinellin (40 mg/kg) revealed that pimpinellin did not change tail bleeding time significantly, number of blood cells, and APTT and PT levels. Pimpinellin inhibited collagen-induced ex vivo aggregation of mice platelets. Immunoblotting results showed that pimpinellin suppressed collagen-induced phosphorylation of PI3K-Akt-Gsk3β and PKC/MAPK in platelets.
Matrine Impairs Platelet Function and Thrombosis and Inhibits ROS Production
Authors: Zhang Sixuan , Gui Xiang , Ding Yangyang , Tong Huan , Ju Wen , Li Yue , Li Zhenyu , Zeng Lingyu , Xu Kailin , Qiao Jianlin 
Published: July 2021

Matrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether it affects platelet function and thrombosis remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of matrine on platelet function and thrombus formation. Human platelets were treated with matrine (0–1 mg/ml) for 1 h at 37°C followed by measuring platelet aggregation, granule secretion, receptor expression by flow cytometry, spreading and clot retraction. In addition, matrine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice to measure tail bleeding time, arterial and venous thrombus formation. Matrine dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to either collagen-related peptide (Collagen-related peptide, 0.1 μg/ml) or thrombin (0.04 U/mL) stimulation without altering the expression of P-selectin, glycoprotein Ibα, GPVI, or αIIbβ3. In addition, matrine-treated platelets presented significantly decreased spreading on fibrinogen or collagen and clot retraction along with reduced phosphorylation of c-Src. Moreover, matrine administration significantly impaired the in vivo hemostatic function of platelets, arterial and venous thrombus formation. Furthermore, in platelets stimulated with CRP or thrombin, matrine significantly reduced Reactive oxygen species generation, inhibited the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) and AKT (Thr308/Ser473) as well as increased VASP phosphorylation (Ser239) and intracellular cGMP level. In conclusion, matrine inhibits platelet function, arterial and venous thrombosis, possibly involving inhibition of ROS generation, suggesting that matrine might be used as an antiplatelet agent for treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Symptoms and Prevalence of Insomnia in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lundetræ Ragnhild Stokke , Saxvig Ingvild West , Aurlien Harald , Lehmann Sverre , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are the two most common sleep disorders. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered first-line treatment for OSA. In the present study, we assess the effect of CPAP on symptoms and prevalence of insomnia in patients with OSA. We hypothesized a decrease in insomnia symptoms from CPAP initiation to follow-up, and that this decrease would depend on CPAP adherence.Materials and methodsThe sample included 442 patients diagnosed with OSA [mean age 54.9 years (SD = 12.1), 74.4% males] who started treatment with CPAP at a university hospital. OSA was diagnosed according to standard respiratory polygraphy. Mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 30.1 (SD = 21.1) at baseline. Insomnia was assessed prior to CPAP treatment (baseline) and at follow-up after a median of 19.9 weeks (range 6–52 weeks) with the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS). CPAP adherence was defined as an average use of ≥ 4 h per night, whereas non-adherence was defined as &lt; 4 h per night.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in BIS scores from baseline (mean = 18.8, SD = 9.8) to follow-up (mean = 12.9, SD = 9.9), p &lt; 0.001. Cohen’s d(0.65) indicated a moderate effect size. The reduction in BIS scores was depending on CPAP adherence (interaction effect F(1,440) = 12.4, p &lt; 0.001), with larger reduction in the adherent group than in the non-adherent group. The proportion of patients with chronic insomnia was significantly reduced from 51.1% at baseline to 33.0% at follow-up (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOverall, there was a significant reduction in insomnia symptoms from baseline to follow-up. The improvement was significant in both adherence groups, but the degree of improvement was larger among patients who were adherent to CPAP. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of chronic insomnia at follow-up compared to baseline. This suggests that CPAP effectively reduces both the presence of insomnia and the severity of insomnia symptoms in some patients with OSA.
Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers at the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya; Findings of an Online Descriptive Survey
Authors: Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Mwangi Ann , Patel Kirtika , Mwogi Thomas , Kiptoo Robert , Atwoli Lukoye 
Published: July 2021

Background: Healthcare workers responding to the Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) are at risk of mental illness. Data is scanty on the burden of mental disorders among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic that can inform mental health and psychosocial support. The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency and associated factors of worry, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and poor quality of sleep among Kenyan health care workers at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted an online survey among 1,259 health care workers in Kenya. A researcher developed social demographic questionnaire and several standardized tools were used for data collection. Standardized tools were programmed into Redcap, (Research Electronic Data Capture) and data analysis was performed using R Core Team. In all analysis a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.Results: 66% of the participants reported experiencing worry related to COVID-19. 32.1% had depression, 36% had generalized anxiety, 24.2% had insomnia and 64.7% scored positively for probable Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Depression was higher among females compared to men (36.5 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.003), workers &lt;35 years old compared to older ones (38.1 vs. 26.4%, p &lt; 0.001), and those who were not married compared to those who were married (40.6 vs. 27.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Generalized anxiety was commoner among workers aged &lt;35 years (43.5 vs. 29.3%, p &lt; 0.001), females (41.7 vs. 29.2%, p &lt; 0.001), those who mere not married compared to the married (45.2 vs. 31.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and those with &lt;10 years working experience (41.6 to 20.5%, p &lt; 0.001). Younger health care professional had a higher proportion of insomnia compared to the older ones (30.3 vs. 18.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Insomnia was higher among those with &lt;10 years' experience compared to those with more than 20 years' experience(27.3 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.043)Conclusion: Many Kenyan healthcare workers in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic suffered from various common mental disorders with young, female professionals who are not married bearing the bigger burden. This data is useful in informing interventions to promote mental and psychosocial wellbeing among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic.
Epidemiological Trends and Hotspots of Other Infectious Diarrhea (OID) in Mainland China: A Population-Based Surveillance Study From 2004 to 2017
Authors: Chen Can , Guan Zhou , Huang Chenyang , Jiang Daixi , Liu Xiaoxiao , Zhou Yuqing , Yan Danying , Zhang Xiaobao , Zhou Yiyi , Ding Cheng , Lan Lei , Lin Yushi , Wu Jie , Li Lanjuan , Yang Shigui 
Published: July 2021

Background: The incidence of other infectious diarrhea (OID) ranked second in class C notifiable disease in China. It has posed a great threat to public health of all age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological trends and hotspots of OID in mainland China.Materials and Methods: Incidence and mortality data for OID stratified by date, age and region from 2004 to 2017 was extracted from the data-center of China public health science. Joinpoint regression and space-time analyses were performed to explore the epidemiological trends and hotspots of OID.Results: The average annual incidence of OID was 60.64/100,000 and it showed an increased trend in the mainland China especially after 2006 (APC = 4.12, 95 CI%: 2.06–6.21). Children of 0–4 year age group accounts for 60.00% (5,820,897/11,414,247) of all cases and its incidence continuously increased though 2004–2017 (APC = 6.65, 95 CI%: 4.39–8.96). The first-level spatial and temporal aggregation areas were located in Beijing and Tianjin, with the gathering time from 2005/1/1 to 2011/12/31 (RR = 5.52, LLR = 572893.59, P &lt; 0.001). The secondary spatial and temporal aggregation areas covered Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Guizhou from 2011/1/1 to 2017/12/31 (RR = 1.98, LLR = 242292.72, P &lt; 0.001). OID of Tianjin and Beijing presented a decreased trend since 2006. However, the incidence of OID in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Guizhou showed increased trends through 2004–2017.Conclusion: Our study showed that OID showed a constantly increasing trend and brought considerable burden in China especially in the 0–4 age group. The high-risk periods and clusters of regions for OID were identified, which will help government develop disease-specific and location-specific interventive measures.
Van Allen Probes Observations of Oxygen Ions at the Geospace Plume
Authors: Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J. 
Published: July 2021

The geospace plume couples the ionosphere, plasmasphere, and magnetosphere from sub-auroral regions to the magnetopause, on polar field lines, and into the magnetotail. We describe Van Allen Probes observations of ionospheric O+ ions at altitudes of 3–6 RE in the near vicinity of the geospace plume in the noon and post-noon sector. The temporal variation of warm ion fluxes observed as a function of time on a moving spacecraft is complicated by changing spacecraft position and complex ion drift paths and velocities that are highly sensitive to ion energy, pitch angle and L value. In the “notch” region of lower density plasma outside the morning-side plasmapause, bi-directionally field aligned fluxes of lower energy (&lt;5 keV) ions, following corotation-dominated drift trajectories from the midnight sector, are excluded from geospace plume field lines as they are deflected sunward in the plume flow channel. In general, O+ at ring current energies (∼10 keV) is bi-directionally field aligned on plume field lines, while lower energy O+ (&lt;3 keV) are absent. The observation of ion plumes with energies increasing from ∼1 keV–&gt;20 keV in the dusk sector outer plasmasphere is interpreted as evidence for localized ionospheric O+ outflow at the outer edge of the geospace plume with subsequent O+ acceleration to &gt;50 keV in &lt;30 min during the ions’ sunward drift.
In a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study, Administration of 6 and 12 G Fortetropin® Does Not Reduce Serum Myostatin in Healthy Adult Dogs Over 72-Hours
Authors: Nugent Britt Carmella C. , Alvarez Leilani X. , Lamb Kenneth 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a single administration of 6 and 12 g of Fortetropin compared to placebo on serum myostatin in healthy, adult dogs over a 72-h period.Methods: Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Ten hospital-employee-owned healthy adult dogs aged 2 to 8 years old were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and then 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 72-h following administration of the test agent (6 and 12 g) or placebo. Serum samples were processed according to manufacturer's guidelines for canine serum using GDF-8/Myostatin Quantikine ELISA kit (R&amp;D Systems). Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) analyses were carried out where P &lt; 0.05 was deemed significant.Results: Mean serum myostatin was not significantly lower in treatment groups of either low or high dose compared to placebo at any time point. Baseline mean serum myostatin in low and high dose treatment groups was 29,481 (SD = 5,224) and 32,214 pg/mL (SD = 7,353), respectively. Placebo group low and high dose baseline mean serum myostatin was 30,247 (SD = 5,875) and 28,512 (SD = 5,028).Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that administration of single 6 or 12 g dose of Fortetropin does not reduce serum myostatin in healthy adult dogs over a 72-h period.Clinical Importance: Oral supplements, like Fortetropin, require further studies to determine the efficacy and bioavailability in order to guide clinical use in dogs.
EDUCATION FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sutiono Sutiono 
Published: July 2021

We have confirmed that Islamic education is not the same as the goals of western education, because there are differences in understanding the nature, role, and purpose of human life in the world. This is a very basic problem that is being faced in the world of Islamic education, therefore a solution must be found. The formulation of the goals of Islamic education, one of which is to deliver to the purpose of human creation, which is to become a caliph on earth as stated in the holy book of the Qur'an. The essence of Islamic education is personal development in all its aspects (body, mind, and heart). And is an activity or effort that a person does in order to achieve maximum positive development in humans. The business or activity in question can be in the form of teaching, habituation, giving examples, giving gifts and praise, as well as developing one's knowledge, skills, and life experience. In addition to being interpreted as an activity, education can also be seen as a system. Education as a system is nothing but a functional totality that is directed at one goal. The purpose of education is to achieve the target in accordance with the purpose of creating humans to become caliphs on earth, then the Qur'an and hadith are used as the basis for Islamic education. Steps are needed to reformulate the goals of Islamic education in accordance with the guidance of the Qur'an and Hadith and refer to the Islamic intellectual tradition that has brought glory and prosperity to mankind.
Pendidikan Isam sudah kita pastikan tidak sama dengan tujuan pendidikan barat, oleh karena terdapat perbedaan dalam memahami hakikat, peranan dan tujuan hidup manusia di dunia. Ini adalah persoalan yang sangat mendasar yang sedamg dihadapi pada dunia pendidikan Islam, oleh karena itu harus dicari solusinya.Rumusan tujuan pendidikan Islam salah satunya adalah menghantarkan pada tujuan penciptaan manusia, yaitu menjadi khalifah di muka bumi sesuai yang ertuang dalam kitab suci al-Qur’an. Hakikat pendidikan Islam adalah pengembangan pribadi dalam seluruh aspeknya (jasmani, akal, dan hati). Dan merupakan aktivitas atau usaha yang dilakukan seseorang agar tercapai perkembangan maksimal yang positif dalam diri manusia. Usaha atau kegiatan yang dimaksud dapat berbentuk pengajaran, pembiasaan, pemberian contoh dan teladan, pemberian hadiah dan pujian, maupun pengembangan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan atau pengalaman hidup seseorang. pendidikan selain dimaknai sebagai sebuah aktivitas, dapat juga dipandang sebagai sebuah sistem. Pendidikan sebagai sebuah sistem, tidak lain merupakan suatu totalitas fungsional yang terarah pada satu tujuan. tujuan pendidikan mencapai sasaran sesuai dengan tujuan penciptaan manusia menjadi khalifah di muka bumi, maka al-Qur’an dan hadits yang dijadikan sebagai landasan dalam pendidikan Islam. Perlu langkah untuk merumuskan kembali tjuan pendidikan Islam sesuai dengan tuntunan al-Qur’an dan Hadits serta mengacu pada tradisi intelektual Islam yang telah membawa kegemilangan dan kesejahteraan kepada ummat manusia.
State of the viticultural and winemaking industry of the Republic of Crimea for the period of 2014 - 2020
Authors: Рюмшин А.В. , Иванченко В.И. , Булава А.Н. 
Published: July 2021

Проведен анализ состояния виноградно-винодельческого комплекса Республики Крым за период с 2014 по 2020 годы. На основании ежегодной инвентаризации виноградных насаждений и винодельческого комплекса Республики Крым проанализирована возрастная и качественная структура виноградных насаждений, а также винодельческой отрасли. Общая площадь виноградных насаждений Республики Крым в хозяйствах всех категорий на 01.01.2021 г. составляет 20,2 тыс. га. Рассмотрен один из проблемных вопросов отрасли - виноградное питомниководство.
The analysis of state of the viticultural and winemaking complex of the Republic of Crimea for the period of 2014-2020 was carried out. Based on the annual inventory control of grape plantations and winemaking complex of the Republic of Crimea, the age and quality structures of vineyards of the Republic of Crimea and the winemaking industry were analyzed. The total area of grape plantations of the Republic of Crimea in farm units of all categories as of 01.01.2021 consists of 20.2 thousand hectares. Grape nursery as one of the problematic issues of the industry was considered.
Body packing: tráfico de drogas y cirugía. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Meneses Columbié Luis Edmundo , Meneses Peralta Javier 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Exponer el caso de un paciente con intoxicación aguda por cocaína en contexto de un “Body Packer Syndrome”, considerando sus aspectos médico-quirúrgicos y legales.Materiales y Método: Se obtuvo la ficha clínica, con resguardo de anonimato, de un paciente que acude al Servicio de Urgencia (SU) y que es intervenido y evolucionado posteriormente en el Hospital el Pino de San Bernardo, Chile.Resultados: Paciente fue sometido a una gastrotomía, una enterotomía y una colotomía después de haber sido estabilizado por paro cardiorrespiratorio presentado en SU. Es trasladado a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) donde evoluciona desfavorablemente.Discusión: El “Body Packer Syndrome” es una entidad clínica infrecuente que, en la minoría de los casos, puede presentar complicaciones severas que requieren de un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico inmediato.Conclusión: Considerando que tanto el consumo como el tráfico de drogas se mantienen como un importante problema de salud pública y que sus consecuencias pueden ser devastadoras, es importante tener conocimiento sobre el tema.