bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The component structure of dense random subgraphs of the hypercube
Authors: McDiarmid Colin , Scott Alex , Withers Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGivenp ∈ (0, 1), we letbe the random subgraph of thed‐dimensional hypercubeQdwhere edges are present independently with probabilityp. It is well known that, asd → ∞, ifthen with high probabilityQpis connected; and ifthen with high probabilityQpconsists of one giant component together with many smaller components which form the “fragment”. Here we fix, and investigate the fragment, and how it sits inside the hypercube. For example, we give asymptotic estimates for the mean numbers of components in the fragment of each size, and describe their asymptotic distributions, much extending earlier work of Weber.
When entrepreneurial rhetoric meets strict regulations: Implications for the valuation of health science firms
Authors: Wang Taiyuan , Malik Sumeet , Wales William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryHealth science firms have long product development horizons and need regulatory approval for market entry. In communicating with investors, they may use entrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric to emphasize their strategic and behavioral commitment to product innovation and market entry. However, because EO rhetoric constitutes a soft‐information signal rather than evidence of substantive commitment, investors may suspect firm insiders using such rhetoric of impression management. The solution, we argue, is EO rhetoric sustained over time, which produces more reliable information for investors—in contrast to occasional increases in EO rhetoric, which invite skeptical scrutiny. Nevertheless, investors' potential concerns regarding changes in EO rhetoric can be mitigated by concurrent hard‐information signals that carry signaling costs or penalty costs for false signaling.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric can reduce information asymmetry between managers and investors. In strictly regulated contexts such as health science industries, using such rhetoric may be challenging. For firms embracing entrepreneurial strategies and behaviors, maintaining EO rhetoric over time is critical to overcoming skepticism that it is merely “cheap talk.” For investors, this study also suggests that health science firms maintaining higher EO rhetoric over time deserve higher valuations, given the variety of benefits an EO can have for health science firms. If a health science firm aims to ramp up its EO rhetoric, managers should be aware that investors may interpret the increase as impression management and should confront this interpretation head‐on—for instance, by simultaneously increasing entry commitment or corporate social responsibility.
Rothmund–Thomson Syndrome Type 1 Caused by Biallelic ANAPC1 Gene Mutations
Authors: Zirn B. , Bernbeck U. , Alt K. , Oeffner F. , Gerhardinger A. , Has C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Rare syndromic skin disorders may represent a diagnostic challenge.

Aims
We report a unique case associating cutaneous manifestations and developmental delay.

Materials & Methods
The affected 14 months old boy had poikiloderma, facial dysmorphism with deep-set eyes, atrichia, as well as nail dysplasia and non-descended testes. In addition, his psychomotor development was delayed. Exome sequencing and molecular karyotyping via array-CGH (oligo-array, 180k Agilent, design 22060) were performed.

Results
Mutations in RECQL4 (found in patients with RTS2) were first excluded. In the ANAPC1 gene, a novel combination of a recurrent intronic mutation (c.2705-198C&gt;T) and a deletion of the second ANAPC1 allele was detected, thus confirming the clinical diagnosis of RTS1. The deletion on chromosome 2q13 comprised further genes and spanned 1,7 megabases. Heterozygous deletions in this region are known as 2q13 microdeletion syndrome and are associated with developmental delay, autism and facial dysmorphism.

Discussion
The genetic findings most probably explain both, the RTS1 features and the developmental delay. Genetic diagnosis in RTS is indispensable to confirm the specific subtype and its associated risks: juvenile cataracts are features of RTS1 (ANAPC1 gene), whereas a high risk of osteosarcoma is part of RTS2 (RECQL4 gene). Thus, the patient described here is at high risk for the development of juvenile cataracts and requires regular ophthalmologic examination.

Conclusion
This case report underlines the necessity of thorough clinical diagnosis prior to genetic diagnosis of RTS1, since the recurrent intronic ANAPC1 mutation is otherwise missed.
A storm is brewing: Antecedents of disaster preparation in risk prone locations
Authors: Oetzel Jennifer , Oh Chang Hoon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch emphasizes the value of disaster preparation and the importance of experience in doing so, yet most companies fail to prepare. The antecedents of preparation are poorly understood, in part, because experience by itself only partly explains the story. To address these concerns, we developed two unique surveys: one from an international survey in 18 disaster‐prone countries and another from a U.S. survey in New York City and Miami. We find that organizational experience with natural disasters increases preparedness for future hazards. Also, organizational learning from other businesses and organiztions positively mediates this relationship. Managers are more willing to learn from others in locations characterized by high‐impact, low‐frequency disasters. In areas with low impact, high frequency disasters, managers more likely misjudge the severity of natural disasters.Managerial SummaryDespite the increasing frequency and severity of floods, storms, wildfires and other natural hazards, why do some firms in disaster‐prone areas prepare while others do not? To investigate, we conducted two studies: an international survey in 18 disaster‐prone countries and a U.S. survey in New York City and Miami. In both surveys, managers are more likely to prepare when their companies experienced prior disasters. Managers operating in locations characterized by high‐impact, low‐frequency disasters are more willing to learn from others. In contrast, managers in areas characterized by low impact, high frequency disasters, are more likely to prepare alone. Since effective disaster preparation typically entails working with, and learning from others, those companies that choose a go‐it‐alone strategy may misjudge disaster risk.
Above Room Temperature Organic Dielectric Switchable and NLO Co‐crystal: [C4H4O4][C8H19N]
Authors: Rong Zhen , Qian Kun , Cao Wen Long , Yang Jie , Zeng Lin Yu , Wang Zi Qi , Fang Xiao Xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new pure organic co‐crystal compound 1, [C4H4O4][C8H19N] ([C4H4O4]=maleic acid, [C8H19N]=diisobutylamine/DIBA) was discovered to undergo an above room temperature reversible phase transition at around 353/343 K. The variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray structural measurements reveal that space group of the structural phase transition is from space group Cmm2 to space group Imm2. The phase transition of compound 1 is mainly ascribed to the twisted movement of diisobutylamine molecules. Meanwhile, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were also observed in compound 1.
Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication
Authors: Ogbonna Alex C. , Braatz de Andrade Luciano Rogerio , Mueller Lukas A. , de Oliveira Eder Jorge , Bauchet Guillaume J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Key message
Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation.

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$

(

H
o

)

, effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$

(
N

e

^

) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.
Lateral open wedge calcaneus osteotomy with bony allograft augmentation in adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Clinical and radiological results
Authors: Colo’ Gabriele , Mazzola Mattia Alessio , Pilone Giulio , Dagnino Giacomo , Felli Lamberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of patients underwent lateral open wedge calcaneus osteotomy with bony allograft augmentation combined with tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior tenodesis. Twenty-two patients underwent adult-acquired flatfoot deformity were retrospectively evaluated with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Radiographic preoperative and final comparison of tibio-calcaneal angle, talo–first metatarsal and calcaneal pitch angles have been performed. The Visual Analog Scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score, the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure were used for subjective and functional assessment. The instrumental range of motion has been also assessed at latest follow-up evaluation and compared with preoperative value. There was a significant improvement of final mean values of clinical scores (p < 0.001). Nineteen out of 22 (86.4%) patients resulted very satisfied or satisfied for the clinical result. There was a significant improvement of the radiographic parameters (p < 0.001). There were no differences between preoperative and final values of range of motion. One failure occurred 7 years after surgery. Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity correction demonstrated good mid-term results and low recurrence and complications rate.

Level of evidence
Level 4, retrospective case series.
Abundance and fate of thallium and its stable isotopes in the environment
Authors: Migaszewski Zdzisław M. , Gałuszka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This overview presents the updated physicochemical characteristics of thallium and its stable isotopes (205Tl/203Tl) in the context of their occurrence and fate in abiotic and biotic systems. This also deals with the thallium behavior in geochemical interactions in and between different environmental compartments and describes its natural (geogenic) and industrial sources. The particular emphasis is placed on some extreme environments, including acid mine drainage areas where oxidation processes of Tl-bearing pyrite and other sulfides lead to very high concentrations of this metal in reactive acidic waters. Many geochemical studies have also employed stable thallium isotopes to reconstruct redox conditions in different environmental systems, to fingerprint relative pollution source strengths and to evaluate mobility of this element and its geochemical interactions in the mineral-water and soil–plant systems. This is the reason why this overview also highlights the growing potential of stable Tl isotopes in solving different geologic and environmental issues.

Graphic abstract
Human DNA collection from police dogs: technique and application
Authors: Brower Alexandra , Akridge Brice , Siemens-Bradley Nancy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolice dogs are routinely deployed during criminal investigations under a variety of circumstances. In instances where police dogs are involved in apprehension of suspects, contact with a suspect may be observed or may occur out of the line of sight. The interactions between suspect and dog may include the dog biting the suspect, or the suspect touching or exuding bodily fluids onto the dog. In either form of contact, potentially valuable DNA may be left from the suspect on the dog. This paper describes a proof-of-concept study investigating collection of human DNA from the teeth and hair of dogs. It used controlled settings, where the human DNA sources were touch and saliva, and field cases, where the human DNA sources were unknown. The results of sample analysis to identify DNA short tandem repeats (STRs) from each of these scenarios are provided. They highlight the potential and importance of collecting trace DNA from police dogs who may have had contact with suspects during attempted apprehension.
WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system: preview of the upcoming 5th edition
Authors: Rushing Elisabeth J. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIdentification of the underlying genetic and epigenetic alterations in an increasing number of tumors of the nervous system is contributing to a more clinically relevant classification. In the following article, the 7 cIMPACT-NOW publications, which adumbrate the upcoming 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous Sytem are summarized.
Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections
Authors: Dharmalingam Karthick , Birdi Amandeep , Tomo Sojit , Sreenivasulu Karli , Charan Jaykaran , Yadav Dharmveer , Purohit Purvi , Sharma Praveen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNutritional deficiency is associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. The complex interactions of trace elements with the macromolecules trigger the effective immune response against the viral diseases. The outcome of various viral infections along with susceptibility is affected by trace elements such as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, etc. due to their immuno-modulatory effects. Available electronic databases have been comprehensively searched for articles published with full text available and with the key words “Trace elements”, “COVID-19”, “Viral Infections” and “Immune Response” (i.e. separately Zn, Se, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cr, Li, Ni, Co) appearing in the title and abstract. On the basis of available articles we have explored the role of trace elements in viral infections with special reference to COVID-19 and their interactions with the immune system. Zinc, selenium and other trace elements are vital to triggerTH1 cells and cytokine-mediated immune response for substantial production of proinflammatory cytokines. The antiviral activity of some trace elements is attributed to their inhibitory effect on viral entry, replication and other downstream processes. Trace elements having antioxidants activity not only regulate host immune responses, but also modify the viral genome. Adequate dietary intake of trace elements is essential for activation, development, differentiation and numerous functions.
Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield concentration across the Kolleru Lake catchment using GIS
Authors: Kolli Meena Kumari , Opp Christian , Groll Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlat lakes with a large catchment area are especially affected by sediment inputs. The Kolleru Lake catchment (south-eastern India) with a surface area of approximately 6121 km2belongs to such types of lake basins. The study’s main objective was the assessment of both soil erosion and sediment yield concentration rate of the Kolleru catchment. The study was conducted using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model due to its simple and good applicability for soil erosion estimation. Data such as rainfall, soil texture, topography, crop cover management, and support practice factor were integrated into the modeling using RUSLE and ArcGIS. Field data were used both to analyze the soil texture and the slope length factor. The results showed that average annual soil loss was estimated with 13.6 t/ha/year, classifying the Kolleru Lake Basin under a very high erosion rate category. About 38% of the catchment area has encountered slight soil loss. Areas covered with moderate, strong, severe, very severe erosion potential zones are 29%, 17%, 9%, and 5.5%, respectively. This study identified that upland areas with less vegetation cover exported high potential erosion rates. Unlike the soil loss, the sediment delivery ratio values for the catchment were not affected by land use, while it showed a strong relationship with the catchment drainage system. Whereas, the average annual sediment yield was determined with 7.61 t/ha/year, had identified with the same pattern of the soil erosion. Catchment topography, vegetation, drainage system, soil properties, and land use cover played a major role in exporting the highest sedimentation. The outcome of these studies can be used among others to identify critical erosion areas on a pixel basis for the planning of erosion management practices.
Characterization of karstic aquifer complexity using fractal dimensions
Authors: Borbás Edit , Márkus László , Darougi Amina , Kovács József 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study analyzes fractal dimensions for the daily discharge data series of 12 karstic springs registered over two decades in Northeast Hungary. Fluctuation in the observed data is frequent and irregular, producing rough time series. The level of roughness is measured by the fractal dimension defined in different ways and corresponds to the intensity of fluctuation. That, in turn, results from the structure of the karstic aquifer, its conduits’ geometry, and the water migration in them. In the given case of springs, p-variogram based fractal dimensions reflect the karstification level primarily. On the other hand, box-count and information dimensions are associated with mixing karstic and hydrothermal components when the latter is present. Therefore, the analysis of fractal dimensions of spring discharges may provide a way to obtain information on the complexity of the hidden subsurface conduits and the water flows in them in an exploratory and comprehensive way.
FlowCell-enriched circulating tumor cells as a predictor of lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Lu Yan , Zheng Yushuang , Wang Yuhong , Gu Dongmei , Zhang Jun , Liu Fang , Chen Kai , Guo Lingchuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the most fetal malignancy due to the high rate of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. A considerable number of patients with early-stage lung cancer relapse due to overlooked distant metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells in blood circulation that originated from primary or metastatic sites, and it has been shown that CTCs are critical for metastasis and prognosis in various type of cancers. Here, we employed novel method to capture, isolate and classify CTC with FlowCell system and analyzed the CTCs from a cohort of 302 individuals. Our results illustrated that FlowCell-enriched CTCs effectively differentiated benign and malignant lung tumor and the total CTC counts increased as the tumor developed. More importantly, we showed that CTCs displayed superior sensitivity and specificity to predict lung cancer metastasis in comparison to conventional circulating biomarkers. Taken together, our data suggested CTCs can be used to assist the diagnosis of lung cancer as well as predict lung cancer metastasis. These findings provide an alternative means to screen early-stage metastasis.
Impact of the economic crisis and contractions within the European long-term care systems
Authors: Albesa Jové Esther 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 2008, the world underwent one of its worst economic and financial crises, whose consequences are still visible in some countries. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the crisis within the long-term care systems of Germany, England, Sweden and Spain from a comparative perspective. The time period analysed spans from the outset of the crisis in 2008, up to 2017. This article starts off from the thesis of the divergent impact of the economic crisis in these countries and the convergence between the impact of the crisis and long-term care contractions in the most afflicted countries. The outcome highlights the power of economic and financial pressures in order to explain the contractions within the care policies. Equally, it emphasizes the contradictions between the formal development level of the care systems and their practical institutional implementation in the field.
Asian Emissions Explain Much of the Arctic Black Carbon Events
Authors: Backman J. , Schmeisser L. , Asmi E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is ample evidence that Black Carbon (BC) is harmful to the Arctic. BC can darken the otherwise highly reflective surfaces of snow and ice and increase atmospheric and ice surface temperatures. Because of the importance of BC to the Arctic, this work was designed to resolve the most significant source regions of Arctic BC as measured by monitoring stations in the Arctic. Using a bottom‐up approach, it is shown for the first time that there is one particular BC transport pathway from lower latitudes into the Arctic that registers at all but one of the Arctic surface monitoring stations included in this study. Through this pathway, pollutants are transported from the Indo‐Gangetic plane over Central Asia into the high Arctic in as little as 7 days. The measurement sites and BC pathways in this study are shown to be well representative of the Arctic as a whole.
Indicators of Volcanic Eruptions Revealed by Global M4+ Earthquakes
Authors: Pesicek J. D. , Ogburn S. E. , Prejean S. G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetermining whether seismicity near volcanoes is due primarily to tectonic or magmatic processes is a challenging but critical endeavor for volcanic eruption forecasting and detection, especially at poorly monitored volcanoes. Global statistics on the occurrence and timing of earthquakes near volcanoes both within and outside of eruptive periods reveal patterns in eruptive seismicity that may improve our ability to discern magmatically driven seismicity from purely tectonic seismicity. In this paper, we catalog magnitude four and greater (M4+) earthquakes near volcanoes globally and compute statistics on their occurrence with respect to various eruptive and volcanic attributes, evaluating their utility as diagnostic indicators of eruptions. Using a 2‐week time window and a 30 km radius around the volcanoes, we find that 11% of eruptions are preceded by at least one M4+ earthquake, but only 1% of such earthquakes is followed by eruption. However, earthquakes located 5–15 km from the volcano, those with normal faulting mechanisms and/or large nondouble‐couple components, and those occurring as groups are more commonly associated with eruptions, providing significant forecasting utility in some cases. Similarly, certain volcanoes are more likely to exhibit such precursors, such as those with long repose periods. We illustrate the use of these data in eruption forecasting scenarios, including rapid identification of analogous earthquake sequences at other volcanoes. When integrated within the context of multiparametric, multidisciplinary probabilistic assessments of volcanic activity, global earthquake statistics can improve eruption forecasts, and our work provides a model for use on other rapidly expanding global volcanological databases.