bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHD free convective dissipative flow past a porous plate in a porous medium in the presence of radiation and thermal diffusion effects
Authors: Chamuah Kalyan , Ahmed Nazibuddin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe problem of a hydromagnetic convective flow of an electrically incompressible viscous conducting fluid past a uniformly moving vertical porous plate is investigated analytically, taking into consideration radiation and thermal diffusion effects. A constant suction velocity is applied to the plate. A uniformly strong magnetic field is supposed to be applied normally to the plate and directed into the fluid region. To find a solution to the problem, an asymptotic series expansion method is used. The effects of thermal diffusion, magnetic field, porosity parameter, thermal radiation, and Grashof number are mainly focused on the discussion of the current problem. Increasing Soret number (Sr) hikes the velocity profile and skin friction but declines Sherwood number. Also, it has been found that, when the magnetic parameter (M) increased, the fluid velocity and the concentration profile decreased. The current results show a good deal of agreement with previously published work. The findings of this study could be relevant in a variety of applications, including diffusion processes involving molecular diffusion of species with molar concentration.
The modulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by natural compounds as a therapeutic target in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity: A review
Authors: Tabrizi Fatemeh B. , Yarmohammadi Fatemeh , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent antitumor agent with a broad spectrum of activity; however, irreversible cardiotoxicity resulting from DOX treatment is a major issue that limits its therapeutic use. Sirtuins (SIRTs) play an essential role in several physiological and pathological processes including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. It has been reported that SIRT1 and SIRT3 can act as a protective molecular against DOX‐induced myocardial injury through targeting numerous signaling pathways. Several natural compounds (NCs), such as resveratrol, sesamin, and berberine, with antioxidative, anti‐inflammation, and antiapoptotic effects were evaluated for their potential to suppress the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX via targeting SIRT1 and SIRT3. Numerous NCs exerted their therapeutic effects on DOX‐mediated cardiac damage via targeting different signaling pathways, including SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, SIRT1/PGC‐1α, SIRT1/NLRP3, and SIRT3/FoxO. SIRT3 also ameliorates cardiotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial fusion.
Extracellular vesicles released by human retinal pigment epithelium mediate increased polarised secretion of drusen proteins in response to AMD stressors
Authors: Flores‐Bellver Miguel , Mighty Jason , Aparicio‐Domingo Silvia , Li Kang V. , Shi Cui , Zhou Jing , Cobb Hannah , McGrath Patrick , Michelis German , Lenhart Patricia , Bilousova Ganna , Heissel Søren , Rudy Michael J. , Coughlan Christina , Goodspeed Andrew E. , Becerra S. Patricia , Redenti Stephen , Canto‐Soler M. Valeria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key contributors to the etiology of AMD and the ability to modulate drusen biogenesis could lead to therapeutic strategies to slow or halt AMD progression. The mechanisms underlying drusen biogenesis, however, remain mostly unknown. Here we demonstrate that under homeostatic conditions extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are enriched in proteins associated with mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology, including oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation, complement system and drusen composition. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that drusen‐associated proteins are released as cargo of extracellular vesicles secreted by RPE cells in a polarised apical:basal mode. Notably, drusen‐associated proteins exhibited distinctive directional secretion modes in homeostatic conditions and, differential modulation of this directional secretion in response to AMD stressors. These observations underpin the existence of a finely‐tuned mechanism regulating directional apical:basal sorting and secretion of drusen‐associated proteins via EVs, and its modulation in response to mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology. Collectively, our results strongly support an active role of RPE‐derived EVs as a key source of drusen proteins and important contributors to drusen development and growth.
Glia: A major player in glutamate–GABA dysregulation‐mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Sood Anika , Preeti Kumari , Fernandes Valencia , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Shashi Bala 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe imbalance between glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) results in the loss of synaptic strength leading to neurodegeneration. The dogma on the field considered neurons as the main players in this excitation‐inhibition (E/I) balance. However, current strategies focusing only on neurons have failed to completely understand this condition, bringing up the importance of glia as an alternative modulator for neuroinflammation as glia alter the activity of neurons and is a source of both neurotrophic and neurotoxic factors. This review's primary goal is to illustrate the role of glia over E/I balance in the central nervous system and its interaction with neurons. Rather than focusing only on the neuronal targets, we take a deeper look at glial receptors and proteins that could also be explored as drug targets, as they are early responders to neurotoxic insults. This review summarizes the neuron–glia interaction concerning GABA and glutamate, possible targets, and its involvement in the E/I imbalance in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
“Sinking dead”—How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean
Authors: Halfter Svenja , Cavan Emma L. , Butterworth Philip , Swadling Kerrie M. , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZooplankton carcasses are an important, yet understudied, pathway of the biological gravitational pump. To understand their contribution to the downward carbon flux in the subantarctic, carcasses of the copepod Neocalanus tonsus were analyzed for carbon content, microbial remineralization rates, and sinking velocities. In addition, the sensitivity of carcass flux to varying mortality, microbial turnover, and sinking velocity rates was analyzed and compared to carbon flux measurements from sediment traps. Microbial decomposition rates (between 0.02 and 0.16 d−1) were comparable to those of marine snow, highlighting the importance of carcasses as microbial hotspots. High sinking velocities (730 ± 182 m d−1) suggest that particulate organic carbon flux to the deep ocean is substantial. Carcass flux is sensitive to a change in sinking velocity but appears less sensitive to fluctuations in microbial decomposition rate. More research on zooplankton mortality and the factors that influence carcass sinking through the water column is needed to quantify the carcass‐mediated carbon export and enable their inclusion in marine ecosystem and biogeochemical models.
Hydrogen uptake and diffusivity in steel armor wires with different chemical composition, carbide distribution, grain size, and degree of deformation
Authors: Skilbred Ellen S. , Kappes Mariano , Iannuzzi Mariano , Johnsen Roy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, six flexible pipe steel armor wires used in oil and gas transportation are characterized, and their hydrogen diffusion coefficients and hydrogen uptakes are measured using an electrochemical hydrogen permeation technique. The wires have ferritic–pearlitic microstructures with round, lamellar, or partially lamellar carbides and the shape and orientation of the grains indicate that the microstructures were plastically deformed to different degrees. It was assumed that hydrogen was transported through the ferrite, so the presence of cementite in the steel armor wires leads to longer hydrogen diffusion paths through the ferrite, which was quantified with a tortuosity factor. After compensating for tortuosity, the normalized steady‐state flux shows a tendency to increase as the grain size decreases. The effective diffusion coefficients increase with a decrease of the ferrite–cementite interface area, suggesting trapping on the ferrite–cementite interfaces. The uptake of diffusible hydrogen was lowest for the least plastically deformed materials and about twice as high for the more plastically deformed materials.
Enhancement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy (mass%) alloy by a combination of heat treatment and hot extrusion
Authors: Li Huan , Wen Jiuba , Liu Ya , He Junguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo enhance the mechanical properties and poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy in vitro, the as‐cast Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy (mass%) magnesium alloy was subjected to two types of extrusion treatment, one is hot extrusion (denoted as ET alloy), the other is heat treatment followed by hot extrusion (denoted as HE alloy). The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of these extruded alloys are assessed. The results show that the HE alloy has superior mechanical properties and a slower corrosion rate than the ET alloy. The yield strength and elongation of the HE alloy reach 287 ± 10 MPa and 17.6 ± 0.5%, respectively, and its corrosion rate is only 0.59 ± 0.16 mm year−1. After hot extrusion, microscale and nanoscale second‐phase exist in the extruded alloys, and the nanoscale second‐phase can improve their mechanical properties by second‐phase strengthening. However, the presence of microscale second phase can cause galvanic corrosion and result in poor corrosion resistance. The HE alloy has good properties due to it containing more nanoscale second‐phase and fewer microscale second‐phase.
Tuning Microphase Separation, Thermal Characteristics, and Physicomechanical Properties of Shape Memory Polyurethanes by Incorporation of Isocyanate‐Modified Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Babaie Amin , Rezaei Mostafa , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are subsequently modified with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and octadecyl isocyanate (OD) to yield MNPs‐g‐OD. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) verified successful modification of MNPs with three different ratios of OD. Shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of the neat, APTES‐grafted, and OD‐grafted MNPs are prepared through solution casting, where a strong correlation is achieved between the microstructure, crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Phase mixing degree of the soft and hard phases is increased by hydrogen bonding between the OD and polyurethane (PU) chains, causing to decrease of crystallization ability of PU chains. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images show that high dispersion of MNPs‐g‐OD reduces the number and size of their aggregation sites in the PU matrix. The nanocomposites show high Young's modulus, because of increasing hydrogen bonding index of carbonyl groups with incorporation of MNPs‐g‐OD into the PU matrix. The nanocomposites show lower Young's modulus with increasing the degree of crystallinity. Shape memory studies indicated that all the samples have considerable shape memory abilities at 50 °C and room temperature. However, shape fixity ratios show a close dependence on the degree of crystallinity at room temperature.
Clinical implications of cell‐of‐origin epigenetic characteristics in non‐functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Dreijerink Koen MA , Hackeng Wenzel M , Singhi Aatur D , Heaphy Christopher M , Brosens Lodewijk AA 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrimary non‐functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐PanNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neuroendocrine neoplasms that display highly variable clinical behavior. Therefore, NF‐PanNETs often present clinical teams with a dilemma: the uncertain metastatic potential of the tumor has to be weighed against the morbidity associated with surgical resection. Thus, rather than utilizing current radiologic thresholds, there is an urgent need for improved prognostic biomarkers. Recent studies aimed at understanding the epigenetic underpinnings of NF‐PanNETs have led to the identification of tumor subgroups based on histone modification and DNA methylation patterns. These molecular profiles tend to resemble the cellular origins of PanNETs. Subsequent retrospective analyses have demonstrated that these molecular signatures are of prognostic value and, importantly, may be useful in the preoperative setting. These studies have highlighted that sporadic NF‐PanNETs displaying biomarkers associated with disease progression and poor prognosis, such as alternative lengthening of telomeres, inactivating alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X‐linked (ATRX) or death domain‐associated protein (DAXX) gene mutations, or copy number variations, more often display alpha cell characteristics. Conversely, NF‐PanNETs with beta cell characteristics often lack these unfavorable biomarkers. Alternative lengthening of telomeres, transcription factor protein expression, and possibly DNA methylation can be assessed in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tumor biopsies. Prospective studies focusing on cell‐of‐origin and epigenetic profile‐driven decision making prior to surgery are likely to be routinely implemented into clinical practice in the near future. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Structure and morphology of thermoplastic polyamide 6 elastomers with different soft segment content and their foaming behavior using supercriticalCO2
Authors: Li Xiuping , Lai Jun , Wei Jiedong , Peng Xiangfang , Wu Jianming , Geng Lihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) were synthesized using polyamide 6 (PA6) as hard segments and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as soft segments. The prepared TPAEs showed a superior mechanical property and thermal property, which the strength and elongation‐at‐break reached 35.50 ± 3.54 MPa and (316.05 ± 20.58)%, respectively, when the molecular weight of soft segment was 600. Furthermore, crystallization property and microphase separation of TPAEs were also investigated in detail, having a significant influence on the foaming behavior of the obtain elastomers. Owing to the restriction of crystalline hard segments, only a few cells formed in the amorphous soft segment regions at foaming temperature of 140°C, while it transformed to larger cells with a thin cell wall at foaming temperature of 160°C and above. When the molecular weight of soft segment increased from 300 to 1000, the average cell size of the foamed TPAEs at 160°C enlarged from 28.73 to 42.17 μm, while the cell density decreased from 5.26 × 108#/cm3to 4.25 × 108#/cm3, both expansion ratio and shrinkage ratio increased gradually.
DIALS as a toolkit
Authors: Winter Graeme , Beilsten‐Edmands James , Devenish Nicholas , Gerstel Markus , Gildea Richard J. , McDonagh David , Pascal Elena , Waterman David G. , Williams Benjamin H. , Evans Gwyndaf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe DIALS software for the processing of X‐ray diffraction data is presented, with an emphasis on how the suite may be used as a toolkit for data processing. The description starts with an overview of the history and intent of the toolkit, usage as an automated system, command‐line use, and ultimately how new tools can be written using the API to perform bespoke analysis. Consideration is also made to the application of DIALS to techniques outside of macromolecular X‐ray crystallography.
A heterogeneous decision criteria system evaluating sustainable infrastructure development: From the lens of multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement
Authors: Xue Bin , Liu Bingsheng , Liang Tao , Zhao Dong , Wang Tao , Chen Xingbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of urban infrastructure development is a decision‐making process with multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement assessing sustainability metrics in different dimensions. However, there are uncertainties in such an evaluation caused by the heterogeneity between different stakeholders' preferences and the difficulty in differentiating sustainability decision criteria (DC). This study aims to formalize a multidisciplinary DC system to evaluate sustainable infrastructure development, which represents the preferences to DC metrics heterogeneously weighted by stakeholders. An empirical survey was conducted to collect the stakeholders' preferences to 50 sustainability DC metrics in which 91 infrastructure professionals from six disciplines (i.e., owner, architect, engineer, contractor, supplier, and consultant) were invited to participate. As a result, this study identified one common and six disciplinary DC sets and defined 20 DC factors with weights information structuring the multidisciplinary decision‐making process, which indicates the multidisciplinary DC system is formal to be leveraged on assessing the sustainability performance of infrastructure development. In addition, the proposed multidisciplinary DC system is comprehensive in reducing uncertainties through determining the weights of DC metrics across various disciplines. Theoretically, the multidisciplinary DC system advances the knowledge of sustainability measurement by not only integrating the planet–people–prosperity framework and the product–organization–process framework but mitigating evaluation uncertainty through representing stakeholders' heterogeneity. For practical significance, such a multidisciplinary DC system will serve as a precursor for managers and policymakers in decision‐making processes to enhance sustainability performances of infrastructure development.
Cu(II) and Co(II) Schiff‐Base Complexes Immobilized on Layered Double Hydroxide: Synthesis, Characterizations, DFT Calculations and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kirar Jagat Singh , Khare Savita , Tiwari Neha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we are reporting the synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and catalytic activity of Cu(II), and Co(II) Schiff base complexes immobilized on layered double hydroxide abbreviated as LDH‐[NAPABA‐M] {where M=Cu(II), and Co(II)}. The Schiff base ligand (E)‐4‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methyleneamino)benzoic acid have been synthesized from the condensation of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and 4‐amino benzoic acid. The complexes were characterized using Inductively coupled plasma‐Atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐ AES), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) etc. and the geometry of the ligand has been calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G level of theory. The catalytic activity of synthesized catalysts was tested for toluene oxidation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide under solvent‐free conditions. The LDH‐[NAPABA‐Cu(II)] catalyst was recycled up to seven cycles. Hot filtration experiments demonstrate that the catalyst was heterogeneous in nature and stable.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol: A Review
Authors: Dongare Saudagar , Singh Neetu , Bhunia Haripada , Bajpai Pramod K. , Das Asit Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConverting CO2 to renewable fuels via clean and cost‐effective chemical processes is very desirable for the sustainable development of green civilization. The electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R) to ethanol using renewable energy is a green and effective strategy for addressing global warming and energy shortage issues. But, simultaneous generation of multiple gaseous & liquid products and low catalytic activities are limiting the technology‘s practical use in the short term. In this study, recent scientific developments in ECO2R for selective production of ethanol are reviewed which include both theoretical and experimental aspects. The reported electro‐catalysts are categorized into different groups and the performance of these electro‐catalysts/electrodes is summarized. The effect of electro‐catalysts’ composition & its morphology, applied potential, type of electrolyte, metal loading, reactor configuration, etc. are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, the present status & challenges and future prospects are presented to help in future design and planning of high‐performance electro‐catalysts for ethanol.
Centri‐Voltammetric GSH Detection with PDI‐C4SH as a Carrier Material
Authors: Perk Benay , Büyüksünetçi Yudum Tepeli , Hakli Özgül , Xue Chenming , Li Quan , Anik Ülkü 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we developed a centri‐voltammetric electrochemical sensor for glutathione (GSH) detection. For this purpose, N,N′‐2‐octyloxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxoethyl)‐(‐2,4‐thiolbutyloxy)‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxoethyl)‐3,4 : 9,10‐perylenetetracarboxyldiimide (PDI‐C4SH) molecule was used as a carrier molecule for the first time. This molecule, interacted with the thiol ends of GSH and formed a disulfide bridge. By this way, PDI‐C4SH improved the accumulation of GSH onto the electrode surface and increased the sensitivity of the detection protocol. All the electrochemical measurements were carried out with differential pulse voltammetry by using a carbon paste electrode. The linear response was obtained in the range of 0.05 mM and 5 mM for GSH concentration (R2=0.9966) while limit of detection value was calculated as 0.017 mM. For the sample application experiments, developed system was applied to the determination of GSH in red wine samples by using the standard addition method, and an acceptable recovery value of 99.03 % was obtained.
Benzyl Glycosides of Thiodisaccharides. Influence of C‐2 Configuration of the Reducing End and Substitution at Benzyl on the Inhibition of the E. coli β‐Galactosidase.
Authors: Dada Lucas , Manzano Verónica E. , Varela Oscar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalogues of 4‐thiolactose having the 4‐thioglucose at the reducing end replaced by a benzyl 3‐deoxy‐4‐thiopentopyranoside are potent inhibitors of the β‐galactosidase from E. coli. As already proved, the glycosidic benzyl substituent shows interactions within the enzyme active site. Therefore, we synthesized this type of thiodisaccharides having the benzyl group substituted by an electron withdrawing (NO2) or donating (NHAc) groups, which may also participate in hydrogen bonding. The key step in the synthesis was the conjugate addition of a 1‐thiogalactose derivative to a pentose‐derived enone to give diastereoselectively the 2‐ketothiodisaccaride (C‐4 was S). Reduction of the keto group led to the pair of isomers with opposite configuration at C‐2. These derivatives were useful to assess the influence of the C‐2 stereochemistry on the activity. All the thiodisaccharides acted as inhibitors of the β‐galactosidase. The extent of the inhibition depends mostly on the configuration at C‐2. Those having the β‐1,2‐cis relationship were the strongest inhibitors (Ki ≈ 10 μM). However, the substituent on the benzyl had a small incidence on the inhibitory activity. The type of inhibition of the glycomimetic was determined.