bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial diversity in tropical marine sediments assessed using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent techniques
Authors: Demko Alyssa M. , Patin Nastassia V. , Jensen Paul R. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe microbial communities associated with marine sediments are critical for ecosystem function yet remain poorly characterized. While culture‐independent (CI) techniques capture the broadest perspective on community composition, culture‐dependent (CD) methods can select for low abundance taxa that are missed using CI approaches. This study aimed to assess microbial diversity in tropical marine sediments at five shallow‐water sites in Belize using both CD and CI techniques. The CD methods captured approximately 3% of the >800 genera detected across all sites using the CI approach. Additionally, 39 genera were only detected in culture, revealing rare taxa that were missed with the CI approach. Significantly different communities were detected across sites, with rare taxa playing an important role in distinguishing among communities. This study provides important baseline data describing shallow‐water sediment microbial communities, evidence that standard cultivation techniques may be more effective than previously recognized, and the first steps towards identifying new taxa that are amenable to agar plate cultivation.
The Role of Big Data Analytics in Manufacturing Agility and Performance: Moderation–Mediation Analysis of Organizational Creativity and of the Involvement of Customers as Data Analysts
Authors: Awan Usama , Bhatti Sabeen Hussain , Shamim Saqib , Khan Zaheer , Akhtar Pervaiz , Balta Maria Elisavet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe involvement of customers as data analysts enables firms to gain valuable insights and create value from big data. We provide a theoretical explanation, drawn from the resource‐based view, for the influence of the involvement of customers as data analysts and of the development of big data analytics (BDA) capabilities in business‐to‐business contexts as routes to manufacturing agility and performance. Our study empirically tested a framework in which organizational creativity and the involvement of customers as data analysts may differentially influence the relationship between BDA capabilities and manufacturing agility. We further tested whether the relative impact of manufacturing agility depends on organizational creativity and the involvement of customers as data analysts. To test our proposed framework, we took a partial least‐squares structural modelling approach using data collected through a survey involving 179 engineering manufacturers operating across different industrial sectors in Pakistan. We provide evidence for organizational creativity and customer involvement, presenting a promising opportunity for manufacturers to gain better insights from resources, and for the deployment of BDA capabilities leading to better manufacturing agility and performance.
Leaning towards Cytomegalovirus serological screening in pregnancy to prevent congenital infection: a cost‐effectiveness perspective
Authors: Seror V , Leruez‐Ville M , Ӧzek A , Ville Y 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of prenatal detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) following maternal primary infection in the first trimester within standard pregnancy follow‐up or involving population‐based screening (serological testing at 7 and 12 weeks of gestation), with or without secondary prevention (valaciclovir) in maternal CMV primary infection.DesignCost‐effectiveness study from the perspective of the French national health insurance system.SettingCost‐effectiveness based on previously published probability estimates and associated plausible ranges hypothetical population of 1,000,000 pregnant women.PopulationHypothetical population of 1,000,000 pregnant women.MethodsCost‐effectiveness of detecting fetal cCMV in terms of the total direct medical costs involved and associated expected outcomes.Main outcome measuresDetection rates and clinical outcomes at birth.ResultsMoving to a population‐based approach for targeting fetal CMV infections would generate high monetary and organizational costs while increasing detection rates from 15% to 94%. This resource allocation would help implementing horizontal equity according to which individuals with similar medical needs should be treated equally. Secondary prevention with valaciclovir had a significant effect on maternal‐fetal CMV transmission and clinical outcomes in newborns, with a 58% decrease of severely infected newborns for a 3.5% additional total costs. Accounting for women decision‐making (amniocentesis uptake and termination of pregnancy in severe cases) did not impact the cost‐effectiveness results.ConclusionsThese findings could fuel thinking on the opportunity of developing clinical guidelines to rule identification of cCMV infection and administration of in‐utero treatment. These findings could fuel the development of clinical guidelines on the identification of congenital CMV infection and the administration of treatment in utero.Tweetable abstractCMV serological screening followed by valaciclovir prevention may prevent 58% to 71% of severe cCMV cases for 38 € per pregnancy.
Feasibility, utility, and safety of fully incorporating transesophageal echocardiography into emergency medicine practice
Authors: Reardon Robert F. , Chinn Elliott , Plummer Dave , Laudenbach Andrew , Rowland Fisher Andie , Smoot Will , Lee Daniel , Novik Joseph , Wagner Barrett , Kaczmarczyk Chris , Moore Johanna , Thompson Emily , Tschautscher Craig , Dunphy Teresa , Pahl Thomas , Puskarich Michael A. , Miner James R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a standard procedure for emergency physicians (EPs). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is known to have great utility in patients who are critically ill or in cardiac arrest and has been used by some EPs with specialized ultrasound (US) training, but it is generally considered outside the reach of the majority of EPs. We surmised that all of our EPs could learn to perform focused TEE (F‐TEE), so we trained and credentialed all of the physicians in our group.MethodsWe trained 52 EPs to perform and interpret F‐TEEs using a 4‐h simulator‐based course. We kept a database of all F‐TEE examinations for quality assurance and continuous quality feedback. Data are reported using descriptive statistics.ResultsEmergency physicians attempted 557 total F‐TEE examinations (median = 10, interquartile range = 5–15) during the 42‐month period following training. Clinically relevant images were obtained in 99% of patients. EPs without fellowship or other advanced US training performed the majority of F‐TEEs (417, 74.9%) and 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.4%–96.3%) had interpretable images recorded. When TTE and TEE were both performed (n = 410), image quality of TEE was superior in 378 (93.3%, 95% CI = 89.7%–95%). Indications for F‐TEE included periarrest states (55.7%), cardiac arrest (32.1%), and shock (12.2%). There was one case of endotracheal tube dislodgement during TEE placement, but this was immediately identified and replaced without complication.ConclusionAfter initiating a mandatory group F‐TEE training and credentialing program, we report the largest series to date of EP‐performed resuscitative F‐TEE. The majority of F‐TEE examinations (75%) were performed by EPs without advanced US training beyond residency.
Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Thomas Kyla H. , Dalili Michael N. , López‐López José A. , Keeney Edna , Phillippo David M. , Munafò Marcus R. , Stevenson Matt , Caldwell Deborah M. , Welton Nicky J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo determine how varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and electronic cigarettes compare with respect to their clinical effectiveness and safety.MethodSystematic reviews and Bayesian network meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials, in any setting, of varenicline, bupropion, NRT and e‐cigarettes (in high, standard and low doses, alone or in combination) in adult smokers and smokeless tobacco users with follow‐up duration of 24 weeks or greater (effectiveness) or any duration (safety). Nine databases were searched until 19 February 2019. Primary outcomes were sustained tobacco abstinence and serious adverse events (SAEs). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and treatment rankings and conducted meta‐regression to explore covariates.ResultsWe identified 363 trials for effectiveness and 355 for safety. Most monotherapies and combination therapies were more effective than placebo at helping participants to achieve sustained abstinence; the most effective of these, estimated with some imprecision, were varenicline standard [OR = 2.83, 95% credible interval (CrI) = 2.34–3.39] and varenicline standard + NRT standard (OR = 5.75, 95% CrI = 2.27–14.88). Estimates were higher in smokers receiving counselling than in those without and in studies with higher baseline nicotine dependence scores than in those with lower scores. Varenicline standard + NRT standard showed a high probability of being ranked best or second‐best. For safety, only bupropion at standard dose increased the odds of experiencing SAEs compared with placebo (OR = 1.27, 95% CrI = 1.04–1.58), and we found no evidence of effect modification.ConclusionsMost tobacco cessation monotherapies and combination therapies are more effective than placebo at helping participants to achieve sustained abstinence, with varenicline appearing to be most effective based on current evidence. There does not appear to be strong evidence of associations between most tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and adverse events; however, the data are limited and there is a need for improved reporting of safety data.
Geographical distribution of 3 allied health professions in South Australia: A summary of access and disadvantage
Authors: Yisma Engida , Gillam Marianne , Versace Vincent L. , Jones Sara , Walsh Sandra , May Esther , Jones Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the distribution of 3 allied health professionals—occupational therapists, physiotherapists and podiatrists—in South Australia stratified by the Modified Monash Model and the Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Disadvantage.DesignA descriptive data linkage cross‐sectional study.SettingThe state of South Australia, Australia.Participants and main outcome measuresDistribution of the 3 registered allied health professional groups stratified by Modified Monash Model and Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Disadvantage.ResultsThe largest proportion of the 3 allied health professional groups (occupational therapists, physiotherapists and podiatrists) were found in areas classified as Modified Monash 1 and Modified Monash 2 (86.5%). The lowest proportion of allied health professionals were found in Modified Monash 7. The largest number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population was found in areas classified as Modified Monash 1 and Modified Monash 2. The lowest number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population was found in Modified Monash 7 areas. The largest number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population was found in areas with Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Disadvantage quintile 2, while the lowest number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population was found in areas with Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Disadvantage quintile 1.ConclusionsThe distribution of allied health professionals according to geographical remoteness, socio‐economic disadvantage and per 10 000 population varies widely in South Australia. The number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population was lowest in rural and remote/very remote areas, explaining the typically poor access to allied health services for communities in these areas. The number of allied health professionals per 10 000 population according to Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Disadvantage was variable within the context of both urban and rural areas.
Failure to drink, failure to launch? A model of the perceived stigma of nondrinkers in the workplace
Authors: Ghumman Sonia , Park Jin Suk , Kim Sooyeol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough drinking alcohol in the workplace is usually prohibited, certain work‐related activities (e.g., happy hours and office parties) might encourage drinking as part of the work socialization process. Cultures with strong drinking norms may even hold expectations for employees to drink as a means to bond with colleagues and clients, resulting in the perception of the stigma of nondrinkers. However, research has yet to examine the influence of strong workplace drinking cultures on employees with drinking restrictions. In this study, we sample participants from South Korea, a country with high workplace drinking norms, to identify the presence of the perceived stigma of nondrinkers (PSND) among employees. We also examine the identity management of individuals' drinking restrictions at work along with organizational factors related to PSND in workplace settings. We find that strong organizational drinking norms and lack of perceived supervisor support are related to greater PSND. High PSND is related to fear of disclosing one's nondrinking status and a greater likelihood of drinking for work functions among nondrinkers. We also identify negative work outcomes related to PSND (higher turnover, lower organizational commitment) and find that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between PSND and turnover intentions. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Decision tree outcome prediction of acute acetaminophen exposure in the United States: A study of 30,000 cases from the National Poison Data System
Authors: Mehrpour Omid , Saeedi Farhad , Hoyte Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcetaminophen is one of the most commonly used analgesic drugs in the United States. However, the outcomes of acute acetaminophen overdose might be very serious in some cases. Therefore, prediction of the outcomes of acute acetaminophen exposure is crucial. This study is a 6‐year retrospective cohort study using National Poison Data System (NPDS) data. A decision tree algorithm was used to determine the risk predictors of acetaminophen exposure. The decision tree model had an accuracy of 0.839, an accuracy of 0.836, a recall of 0.72, a specificity of 0.86 and an F1_score of 0.76 for the test group and an accuracy of 0.848, a recall of 0.85, a recall of 0.74, a specificity of 0.87 and an F1_score of 0.78 for the training group. Our results showed that elevated serum levels of liver enzymes, other liver function test abnormality, anorexia, acidosis, electrolyte abnormality, increased bilirubin, coagulopathy, abdominal pain, coma, increased anion gap, tachycardia and hypotension were the most important factors in determining the outcome of acute acetaminophen exposure. Therefore, the decision tree model is a reliable approach in determining the prognosis of acetaminophen exposure cases and can be used in an emergency room or during hospitalization.
A small molecule CFTR potentiator restores ATP‐dependent channel gating to the cystic fibrosis mutant G551D‐CFTR
Authors: Liu Jia , Berg Allison P. , Wang Yiting , Jantarajit Walailak , Sutcliffe Katy J. , Stevens Edward B. , Cao Lishuang , Pregel Marko J. , Sheppard David N. 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiators are small molecules developed to treat the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). They interact directly with CFTR Cl− channels at the plasma membrane to enhance channel gating. Here, we investigate the action of a new CFTR potentiator, CP‐628006 with a distinct chemical structure.Experimental ApproachUsing electrophysiological assays with CFTR‐expressing heterologous cells and CF patient‐derived human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells, we compared the effects of CP‐628006 with the marketed CFTR potentiator ivacaftor.Key ResultsCP‐628006 efficaciously potentiated CFTR function in epithelia from cultured hBE cells. Its effects on the predominant CFTR variant F508del‐CFTR were larger than those with the gating variant G551D‐CFTR. In excised inside‐out membrane patches, CP‐628006 potentiated wild‐type, F508del‐CFTR, and G551D‐CFTR by increasing the frequency and duration of channel openings. CP‐628006 increased the affinity and efficacy of F508del‐CFTR gating by ATP. In these respects, CP‐628006 behaved like ivacaftor. CP‐628006 also demonstrated notable differences with ivacaftor. Its potency and efficacy were lower than those of ivacaftor. CP‐628006 conferred ATP‐dependent gating on G551D‐CFTR, whereas the action of ivacaftor was ATP‐independent. For G551D‐CFTR, but not F508del‐CFTR, the action of CP‐628006 plus ivacaftor was greater than ivacaftor alone. CP‐628006 delayed, but did not prevent, the deactivation of F508del‐CFTR at the plasma membrane, whereas ivacaftor accentuated F508del‐CFTR deactivation.Conclusions and ImplicationsCP‐628006 has distinct effects compared to ivacaftor, suggesting a different mechanism of CFTR potentiation. The emergence of CFTR potentiators with diverse modes of action makes therapy with combinations of potentiators a possibility.
The determinants of IMF fiscal conditionality: Economics or politics?
Authors: Guimaraes Bernardo , Ladeira Carlos Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConditionalities, measures that a borrowing country should adopt to obtain loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), are pervasive in IMF programs. Empirical work on the determinants of IMF conditionalities typically employs indicators based on the number of conditions as proxies for program austerity. This paper estimates the effects of political and economic factors on a different measure of stringency of conditionality: the fiscal balance requested in an agreement. The correlation between the number of conditions and the requested fiscal adjustment is close to zero in our sample. The requested adjustment is strongly linked to the country's fiscal deficit but is also affected by politics. For middle‐income and upper‐income countries, political alignment with the US has a significant negative effect on the fiscal effort required by the IMF.
Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients treated with autologous transplantation in the modern era of new medicine
Authors: Shimazu Yutaka , Mizuno Shohei , Fuchida Shin‐ichi , Suzuki Kazuhito , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Hanagaishi Akira , Itagaki Mitsuhiro , Kataoka Keisuke , Kako Shinichi , Sakaida Emiko , Yoshioka Satoshi , Iida Shinsuke , Doki Noriko , Oyake Tatsuo , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Kanda Yoshinobu , Astuta Yoshiko , Takamatsu Hiroyuki ,   the working group of the Japan Society for Transplantation, Cellular Therapy
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew drugs for multiple myeloma (MM) have dramatically improved patients’ overall survival (OS). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the mainstay for transplant‐eligible MM patients. To investigate whether the post‐ASCT prognosis of MM patients has been improved by new drugs, we undertook a retrospective observational analysis using the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program database in Japan. We analyzed 7323 patients (4135 men and 3188 women; median age, 59 years; range 16‐77 years) who underwent upfront ASCT between January 2007 and December 2018. We categorized them by when they underwent ASCT according to the drugs’ introduction in Japan: group 1 (2007‐2010), group 2 (2011‐2016), and group 3 (2017‐2018). We compared the groups’ post‐ASCT OS. The 2‐year OS rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 85.8% (84.1%‐87.4%), 89.1% (88.0%‐90.1%), and 92.3% (90.0%‐94.2%) (P < .0001) and the 5‐year OS (95% CI) rates were 64.9% (62.4%‐67.3%), 71.6% (69.7%‐73.3%), and not applicable, respectively (P < .0001). A multivariate analysis showed that the post‐ASCT OS was superior with these factors: age less than 65 years, performance status 0/1, low International Staging System (ISS) stage, receiving SCT for 180 days or less post‐diagnosis, better treatment response pre‐ASCT, later year of ASCT, and receiving SCT twice. A subgroup analysis showed poor prognoses for the patients with unfavorable karyotype and poor treatment response post‐ASCT. The post‐ASCT OS has thus improved over time (group 1 < 2 < 3) with the introduction of new drugs for MM. As the prognosis of high‐risk‐karyotype patients with ISS stage III remains poor, their treatment requires improvement.
Flurbiprofen axetil protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating miR‐30c‐5p and SOX9
Authors: Yang Bangkun , Nie Ying , Wang Lesheng , Xiong Wenping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe modulatory mechanism of flurbiprofen axetil (FPA) by which it relieves cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI) is still obscure. In the present work, adult male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were pre‐treated with FPA before the construction of a rat model of CIRI. Longa's scoring method and dry–wet method were employed to examine the neurological function and brain water content of the rats. MiR‐30c‐5p, SOX9, AQP4, SOX9, NF‐κB, and p‐NF‐κB expression levels in the brain tissues of the rats were examined by qRT‐PCR or Western blot. ELISA was executed to evaluate the IL‐10, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels in the serum of rat. SOD and MDA levels in rat brain homogenates were also examined to indicate the oxidative stress. Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining was used to examine the pathological changes of the brain tissues. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiment was implemented to validate the binding relationship between miR‐30c‐5p and SOX9. In the present work, compared with the rats with CIRI, FPA pre‐treatment attenuated neurological injury, cerebral edema, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cerebral pathological changes in the rat model with CIRI. FPA up‐modulated miR‐30c‐5p expression. SOX9 was a downstream target of miR‐30c‐5p. In conclusion, FPA ameliorates CIRI through up‐modulating miR‐30c‐5p expression and reducing SOX9 expression.