bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function of intestinal barrier protected by regulating the miR‐199a‐3p in ulcerative colitis: Modulation of IL‐23/IL‐17A axis
Authors: Zhang Huixia , Zhang Fangbin , Li Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder, which is having higher mortality rate. The present report evaluates the protective effect of miR‐199a‐3p oligomer for the treatment of Ulcerative colitis (UC). Ulcerative colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium [DSS (3%)] with drinking water for the duration of one week in mice and miR‐199a‐3p oligomer was treated for the same duration. Effect of miR‐199a‐3p oligomer was determined by estimating the body weight, blood stool and length of colon in UC mice. Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress parameters and Treg/Th17 ratio was determined in the serum, intestinal and spleen tissue of UC mice. mRNA expression of TGFβ, Foxp3, RORγt and STAT3 was estimated in the intestinal tissue of UC mice. Moreover, permeability of intestine was determined by estimating the expression of FITC‐dextran in the serum and expression of junction protein in the tissue of UC mice. The data of the study suggest that treatment with miR‐199a‐3p oligomer ameliorates the altered condition in ulcerative colitis mice. There was reduction in the level of cytokines and parameters of oxidative stress in the intestine of miR‐199a‐3p oligomer than UC group. Moreover, intestinal permeability was enhanced in miR‐199a‐3p oligomer treated UC mice. The level of Th17 in the serum and mRNA expression of TGFβ, Foxp3, RORγt and STAT3 was attenuated in miR‐199a‐3p oligomer treated UC mice. In conclusion, the data of the study suggest that treatment with miR‐199a‐3p oligomer ameliorates intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis by down regulating the IL‐17A/IL‐23 axis.
Internal migration, remittances and labour force participation in rural India: A gender perspective
Authors: KHAN Mohd Imran , BARUAH Ashapurna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the impact of domestic remittances on the labour supply of men and women in recipient households in rural India. Applying the instrumental variable approach to data from the National Sample Survey, estimates indicate that remittances have a negative effect on the labour force participation of left‐behind household members. They do not seem to affect participation in regular salaried work but cause a decline in participation in casual wage work and unpaid family work, and an increase in self‐employment, especially among female household members. Additionally, the receipt of remittances significantly increases women's participation in household duties outside the labour market.
An initial ex vivo evaluation of temperature profile and thermal injury formation on the epiesophageal surface during radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Kar Ronit , Post Allison , John Mathews , Rook Ashley , Razavi Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have examined heat transfer and thermal injury on the epiesophageal surface during radiofrequency application, or compared the risk of esophageal thermal injury between standard and high‐power, short‐duration (HPSD) ablation. We studied the thermodynamics of HPSD and standard ablation at different tissue interfaces between the left atrium and esophagus, focusing on epiesophageal temperature changes and thermal injury.Methods and ResultsFresh porcine heart and esophageal sections were secured to a custom holder and submerged in a temperature‐controlled, circulating water bath. During ablation, thermistors recorded temperatures at the catheter tip–atrial interface, epiesophageal–atrial interface, and esophageal lumen. Samples were ablated in triplicate with the following parameters: contact force (15/25g), power (10/20/30 W standard; 40/45/50 W HPSD), and duration (10/20/30 s standard; 5/10/15 s HPSD). Epiesophageal and endoluminal temperature rises were greater in HPSD than in standard ablation (epiesophageal: 5.9 ± 5.6 vs. 2.2 ± 2.0°C, p < .01; endoluminal: 0.7 ± 0.5 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2°C, p < .01). Six of 30 HPSD ablations and 1 of 26 standard ablations caused esophageal injury. The delay between the peak epiesophageal and endoluminal temperatures was greater in HPSD than in standard ablation (24.2 ± 22.1 vs. 13.0 ± 11.0 s, p = .023). Likewise, the peak epiesophageal surface temperature differed more from the concurrent endoluminal temperature in HPSD ablation (5.1 ± 5.3 vs. 1.7 ± 2.0°C, p < .01).ConclusionEndoluminal temperature underestimates epiesophageal surface temperature substantially during HPSD ablation. Visible epiesophageal injury was associated with a 2.2 ± 2.1°C rise in endoluminal temperature, corresponding to a 10.2 ± 6.5°C rise in epiesophageal temperature.
The Politicization of LGBTI Human Rights Norms in the EU‐Uganda Development Partnership
Authors: Saltnes Johanne Døhlie , Thiel Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe EU is committed to promoting human rights through its development policy. This article argues that its expansive human rights framework has led to EU‐internal and outside‐in politicization of LGBTI rights in Uganda. It views contestation as a mechanism of politicization and suggests two paths through which contestation occurs; based on the normative core or on the application of human rights conditionality. We establish these paths through a case study of politicization of LGBTI rights promotion in the Uganda–EU partnership. While member states' policies are more affected by political pressure from domestic constituents, EU institutions aim to depoliticize the issue and prioritizes diplomatic channels. Conversely, conditionality operates as a driver for contestation in beneficiary states. Whereas postcolonial studies interpret claims of universal rights as neo‐colonial intervention, our findings highlight a more nuanced applicatory contestation by rights activists. These actors insert themselves as change agents aiming to reshape the policies of international norm promoters.
Theorizing Ambiguous Gain: Opportunities for Family Scholarship
Authors: Jensen Todd M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFamily stressors marked by ambiguity can place significant demands on families. Family scholars have written extensively about ambiguous stressors in the context of loss or separation—situations that represent ambiguous loss. Given extant demographic trends, including those that lead to changes in family structure, there remain valuable opportunities to highlight ambiguous stressors that arise from situations of family gain or acquisition—situations that represent ambiguous gain. A proposed definition for ambiguous gain is presented, namely, a situation of systemic relational acquisition, either physical or psychological, about which the facts are unclear. Building on foundational theoretical work, ambiguous gain is explicated as a distinct theoretical concept and conceptually positioned with respect to other related concepts, such as ambiguous loss, family boundary ambiguity, and ambivalence. Bolstering the concept of ambiguous gain might promote the theoretical and practical understanding of increasingly common family situations. Suggestions are offered for foregrounding ambiguous gain in family scholarship.
Place of Death for Persons With and Without Cognitive Impairment in the United States
Authors: Regier Natalie G. , Cotter Valerie T. , Hansen Bryan R. , Taylor Janiece L. , Wright Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2021

Background/ObjectivesThere is increasing recognition that place of death is an important component of quality of end‐of‐life care (EOLC) and quality of death. This study examined where older persons with and without cognitive impairment die in the United States, what factors contribute to place of death, and whether place of death influences satisfaction with EOLC.DesignCross‐sectional secondary data analysis.SettingIn‐person interviews with community‐dwelling proxy respondents.ParticipantsData were collected from 1,500 proxies for deceased participants in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally‐representative sample of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older.MeasurementsStudy variables were obtained from the NHATS “last month of life” interview data. Survey weights were applied to all analyses.ResultsPersons with cognitive impairment (CI) most often died at home, while cognitively healthy persons (CHP) were equally likely to die at home or in a hospital. Persons with CI who utilized the Medicare Hospice Benefit were 14.5 times more likely to die at home than in a hospital, and 3.4 times more likely to die at home than a nursing home. CHP who use this benefit were over six times more likely to die at home than in a hospital, and more than twice as likely to die at home than a nursing home. Place of death for CHP was also associated with age and race. Proxies of persons with CI who died at home rated EOLC as more favorable, while proxies of CHP rated in‐home and hospital care equally.ConclusionFindings add to the scant literature identifying factors associated with place of death for older adults with and without CI and results suggest that place of death is a quality of care indicator for these populations. These findings may inform EOLC planning and policy‐making and facilitate greater well‐being at end‐of‐life.
Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Sim Timothy , Wang Anni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeContextualization of psychological first aid (PFA) in different cultural, political, and socioeconomic contexts and in different population groups is essential. This review analyzes the efforts that have been made to contextualize PFA in different parts of the world for different disasters and emergencies.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsThe major databases that were searched for related literature published until August 2019 included JBI, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOSIS, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and PsycINFO. A total of 17 studies published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) model, and the 6W3H tool was applied to synthesize the results.FindingsPFA has been adapted to various disasters and populations in different countries and regions. The organizations that administer PFA range from community level to national level. Professional or “outside helpers” who enter disaster‐affected locations include psychologists, fire fighters, social workers, and nurses. “Inside helpers,” who live and work in the disaster‐affected areas, include HR staff, teachers, and peer emergency personnel. Only a few studies have reported the exact number of first responders who administered PFA. Some studies revised PFA as group based, and a few reported the classification of groups of victims. Notably, all adaptations adhered to the basic principles of PFA, and the time at which PFA was administered ranged from a few days to months after an incident. PFA was conducted on site in all studies. The selection of the location depended on the type of disaster and local situation with due consideration of safety. Only a few studies specified the rationale for revising the PFA. None of these 17 studies reported the cost, cost‐benefit, or cost‐effectiveness of PFA.ConclusionsPopulation‐focused, context‐specific, and group‐based PFA is emerging worldwide. Nurses are actively playing a role in providing PFA. Research gaps exist in differentiating between the roles played by “outside” and “inside” responders, considering vulnerable age groups other than children, incorporating the major PFA concepts such as resilience, and evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of PFA.Clinical RelevanceIt is imperative that nurses and other emergency staff consider the intersection of age, gender, cultural, political, social economic, and spiritual contexts when developing a context appropriate PFA.
Self‐Report Assessment of Nurses’ Risk for Infection After Exposure to Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bani‐Issa Wegdan A. , Al Nusair Hussam , Altamimi Abdalrahman , Hatahet Sarah , Deyab Firas , Fakhry Randa , Saqan Roba , Ahmad Salwa , Almazem Fathia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeNurses have an increased risk for acquiring COVID‐19 infection. This study assessed levels of risk for exposure to COVID‐19 among nurses, and determined those at the greatest risk.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used to assess risk for exposure to COVID‐19 in nurses from five randomly selected governmental hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. Participants completed an online survey (including the World Health Organization survey) to assess their risk for exposure to COVID‐19. Descriptive statistics were used to describe classes of risk for exposure, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with greater risk.FindingsOf the 552 participants, 284 nurses (51.4%) were classified at high risk for COVID‐19 exposure as they did not report adherence to infection control and prevention (ICP) guidelines at all times during healthcare interactions and when performing aerosol procedures, or had accidental exposure to biological fluid and respiratory secretions. Compared with adherence to wearing medical masks, gloves, and hand hygiene practices, adherence to wearing face shields or goggles and disposable gowns and decontaminating high‐touch surfaces was less frequent. Shifting to work in critical care units, not having adequate critical care experience, and reporting a need for training in ICP practices were factors that contributed to high‐risk exposure (p values for Ex (Bs) = 2.60, 2.16, 1.75, ≤ 0.05, consecutively).ConclusionsA considerable number of nurses were classified at high risk for COVID‐19 exposure. Critical care work experience and adequate evidence‐based training in ICP practices related to COVID‐19 must be considered to mitigate the risk for exposure to COVID‐19 in nurses.Clinical RelevanceThis study provided a strong message regarding protecting nurses at high risk for exposure to COVID‐19. Clinical leaders must stay vigilant to ensure nurses’ adherence to ICP practices in the context of COVID‐19, and to proactively address any related deficits.
Usefulness of copy number variant detection following monogenic disease exclusion in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Shi Panlai , Xia Yanjie , Li Qianqian , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimFamilies with an adverse history of monogenic disease focus on single‐gene diagnosis instead of low‐depth whole‐genome sequence, during subsequent pregnancies. The aim of this study was to assess the potential usefulness of low‐depth whole‐genome sequencing (copy number variant sequencing [CNV‐seq]) detection following monogenic disease exclusion in prenatal diagnosis.MethodsA total of 285 families with a history of monogenic disease (of 41 different types; eliminated during the current pregnancy) were recruited and retrospectively analyzed. Low‐depth whole‐genome sequencing (CNV‐Seq, Next‐Seq CN500 platform) was performed for all fetuses.ResultsThe CNV detection results of the 285 samples were as follows: one case of 18‐trisomy chimera (0.35%), one case of pathogenic 3q29 microdeletion syndrome CNV (0.35%), four cases of variant of uncertain significance (VUS) CNVs (1.40%), and four cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carriers (1.40%); and the remaining samples were normal (96.15%). Of note, 2/285 (0.70%) samples still exhibited pathogenic abnormalities. All positive samples were followed up where the two cases of pathogenic abnormalities elected the pregnancy termination, while the four VUS cases and four DMD‐carrier cases were born healthy.ConclusionIn cases where prenatal fetal monogenic disease has been ruled out, CNV detection is still beneficial and should be performed to prevent missed pathogenic CNVs. However, the costs need to be balanced against benefits, and the research will need to assess other types of testing.
Alterations in Resting‐State Functional Brain Connectivity and Correlations with Vestibular/Ocular‐Motor Screening Measures in Postconcussion Vestibular Dysfunction
Authors: Trofimova Anna , Smith Jeremy L. , Ahluwalia Vishwadeep , Hurtado Julia , Gore Russell K. , Allen Jason W. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVestibular symptoms after concussion are common and associated with protracted recovery. The purpose of this study is to define resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) brain connectivity alterations in patients with postconcussion vestibular dysfunction (PCVD) and correlations between rs‐fMRI connectivity and symptoms provoked during Vestibular/Ocular‐Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment.METHODSProspective IRB approved study. Study group: 12 subjects with subacute PCVD (2‐10 weeks); control group: 10 age‐matched subjects without history of concussion or vestibular impairment. Both groups underwent clinical vestibular assessment. rs‐fMRI was acquired on 3.0T Siemens Trio with a 12‐channel head coil. rs‐fMRI data analysis included independent component analysis‐based functional connectivity group differences, graph theory analysis, and ROI‐to‐ROI connectivity correlation analysis with VOMS clinical derivatives. Group difference maps between resting‐state networks were calculated using dual regression method and corrected for multiple comparisons. Correlation analysis between ROI‐to‐ROI rs‐fMRI brain activation and VOMS assessment ratings was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient, with a significance threshold ofP≤ .05.RESULTSCompared to controls, PCVD group demonstrated significantly increased rs‐fMRI connectivity between the default‐mode network and right middle frontal gyrus and right postcentral gyrus; and between a vestibular‐sensorimotor network and right prefrontal cortex. Significant positive correlations were found between clinical derivative VOMS scores and components of the vestibular, visual networks, and multisensory processing cortical representations.CONCLUSIONAltered rs‐fMRI brain connectivity with increased connectivity of visual input, multisensory processing, and spatial memory in PCVD is correlative with clinical derivative VOMS scores, suggesting maladaptive brain plasticity underlying vestibular symptomatology.
The Effect of Patient Specific Factors on Occlusal Forces Generated: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Lee Sarah Kay Youny , Salinas Thomas J. , Wiens Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to search the literature to determine if there is a relationship between patient specific factors and occlusal force.Materials and MethodsA literature review was conducted in the following databases: Evidence‐Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print. Articles on patient factors and occlusal force were compiled by using a combination of the key words: “bite force,” “occlusal force,” “partial and complete edentulism,” “bruxism,” and “orthognathic class.” Inclusion criteria included meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, case series, and journal articles. Exclusion criteria were case reports, studies in children, animals, and bench studies.ResultsOf the 1502 articles that met the initial search criteria, 97 related to patient‐specific factors affecting occlusal forces. These articles were evaluated, rated, and organized into appropriate categories addressing questions of foci.ConclusionsThe range of occlusal force is highly variable among subjects correlated to patient specific factors such as age, gender, partial and complete edentulism, the presence of a maxillofacial defect, location of edentulous area, orthognathic profile, and magnitude of occlusal vertical dimension. Tooth replacement therapies targeted at increasing occlusal contact seem to have a positive effect on increasing occlusal force. Bruxism does not necessarily demonstrate higher occlusal powering but may have greater tooth contact time. Occlusal force is not clearly affected by the type of dental restoration or restorative material used. The clinical significance of the changes in occlusal forces is yet to be determined.
Kinetochore proteins and microtubule‐destabilizing factors are fast evolving in eutherian mammals
Authors: Pontremoli Chiara , Forni Diego , Pozzoli Uberto , Clerici Mario , Cagliani Rachele , Sironi Manuela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCentromeres have central functions in chromosome segregation, but centromeric DNA and centromere‐binding proteins evolve rapidly in most eukaryotes. The selective pressure(s) underlying the fast evolution of centromere‐binding proteins are presently unknown. An attractive possibility is that selfish centromeres promote their preferential inclusion in the oocyte and centromeric proteins evolve to suppress meiotic drive (centromere drive hypothesis). We analysed the selective patterns of mammalian genes that encode kinetochore proteins and microtubule (MT)‐destabilizing factors. We show that several of these proteins evolve at the same rate or faster than proteins with a role in centromere specification. Elements of the kinetochore that bind MTs or that bridge the interaction between MTs and the centromere represented the major targets of positive selection. These data are in line with the possibility that the genetic conflict fuelled by meiotic drive extends beyond genes involved in centromere specification. However, we cannot exclude that different selective pressures underlie the rapid evolution of MT‐destabilizing factors and kinetochore components. Whatever the nature of such pressures, they must have been constant during the evolution of eutherian mammals, as we found a surprisingly good correlation in dN/dS (ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions) across orders/clades. Finally, when phylogenetic relationships were accounted for, we found little evidence that the evolutionary rates of these genes change with testes size, a proxy for sperm competition. Our data indicate that, in analogy to centromeric proteins, kinetochore components are fast evolving in mammals. This observation may imply that centromere drive plays out at multiple levels or that these proteins adapt to lineage‐specific centromeric features.