bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Ultimate Narrowband and Ultrapure Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Polycyclo‐Heteraborin Multi‐Resonance Delayed‐Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Park In Seob , Yang Minlang , Shibata Hiromoto , Amanokura Natsuki , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo achieve an ultimate wide color gamut for ultrahigh‐definition displays, there is great demand for the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) enabling monochromatic, ultrapure blue electroluminescence (EL). Herein, high‐efficiency and ultrapure blue OLEDs based on polycyclo‐heteraborin multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials, BOBO‐Z, BOBS‐Z, and BSBS‐Z, are reported. The key to the design of the present luminophores is the exquisite combination and interplay of multiple boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms embedded in a fused polycyclic π‐system. Comprehensive photophysical and computational investigations of this family of MR‐TADF materials reveal that the systematic implementation of chalcogen (oxygen and sulfur) atoms can finely modulate the emission color while maintaining a narrow bandwidth, as well as the spin‐flipping rates between the excited singlet and triplet states. Consequently, OLEDs based on BOBO‐Z, BOBS‐Z, and BSBS‐Z demonstrate narrowband and ultrapure blue EL emission, with peaks at 445–463 nm and full width at half maxima of 18–23 nm, leading to Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage‐y coordinates in the range of 0.04–0.08. Particularly, for OLEDs incorporating sulfur‐doped BOBS‐Z and BSBS‐Z, notably high maximum external EL quantum efficiencies of 26.9% and 26.8%, respectively, and small efficiency roll‐offs are achieved concurrently.
Antibacterial and UV‐Blocking Bioelectronics Based on Transparent, Adhesive, and Strain‐Sensitive Multifunctional Hydrogel
Authors: Sun Xia , Yao Mengmeng , He Shaoshuai , Dong Xiaoru , Liang Lei , Yao Fanglian , Li Junjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSkin‐attachable conductive hydrogels are ideal candidates for the design of flexible and wearable electronics, and tremendous efforts are devoted to preparing multifunctional hydrogels. However, antibacterial ability and ultraviolet (UV)‐blocking property are still essential yet rarely reported. In this study, a novel ionically conductive multifunctional polyacrylamide (PAAm)/chitosan (CS)/tannic acid (TA) hydrogel (PCT hydrogel) with transparency, adhesiveness, antibacterial activity, and UV‐blocking ability simultaneously is fabricated via a facile one‐pot strategy. In the hydrogel, PAAm chains form the backbone of PCT hydrogel, CS and TA endow hydrogel with antibacterial activity (>97%) and UV‐blocking ability (>96%), respectively. More importantly, existing free ions also endue PCT hydrogel with conductivity (0.256 ± 0.005 S m−1) and strain sensitivity (GF > 3). The prepared PCT hydrogel‐based strain sensors can effectively monitor various human movements, indicating their huge potential in soft robotics, human–machine interaction, and health‐monitoring systems.
Raman Molecular Fingerprints of SARS‐CoV‐2 British Variant and the Concept of Raman Barcode
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Boschetto Francesco , Ohgitani Eriko , Fujita Yuki , Shin‐Ya Masaharu , Adachi Tetsuya , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato , Marin Elia , Zhu Wenliang , Nishimura Ichiro , Mazda Osam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe multiple mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus have created variants with structural differences in both their spike and nucleocapsid proteins. While the functional relevance of these mutations is under continuous scrutiny, current findings have documented their detrimental impact in terms of affinity with host receptors, antibody resistance, and diagnostic sensitivity. Raman spectra collected on two British variant sub‐types found in Japan (QK002 and QHN001) are compared with that of the original Japanese isolate (JPN/TY/WK‐521), and found bold vibrational differences. These included: i) fractions of sulfur‐containing amino acid rotamers, ii) hydrophobic interactions of tyrosine phenol ring, iii) apparent fractions of RNA purines and pyrimidines, and iv) protein secondary structures. Building upon molecular scale results and their statistical validations, the authors propose to represent virus variants with a barcode specially tailored on Raman spectrum. Raman spectroscopy enables fast identification of virus variants, while the Raman barcode facilitates electronic recordkeeping and translates molecular characteristics into information rapidly accessible by users.
Toward a Unified Description of Battery Data
Authors: Clark Simon , Bleken Francesca L. , Stier Simon , Flores Eibar , Andersen Casper Welzel , Marcinek Marek , Szczesna‐Chrzan Anna , Gaberscek Miran , Palacin M. Rosa , Uhrin Martin , Friis Jesper 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBattery research initiatives and giga‐scale production generate an abundance of diverse data spanning myriad fields of science and engineering. Modern battery development is driven by the confluence of traditional domains of natural science with emerging fields like artificial intelligence and the vast engineering and logistical knowledge needed to sustain the global reach of battery Gigafactories. Despite the unprecedented volume of dedicated research targeting affordable, high‐performance, and sustainable battery designs, these endeavours are held back by the lack of common battery data and vocabulary standards, as well as, machine readable tools to support interoperability. An ontology is a data model that represents domain knowledge as a map of concepts and the relations between them. A battery ontology offers an effective means to unify battery‐related activities across different fields, accelerate the flow of knowledge in both human‐ and machine‐readable formats, and support the integration of artificial intelligence in battery development. Furthermore, a logically consistent and expansive ontology is essential to support battery digitalization and standardization efforts, such as, the battery passport. This review summarizes the current state of ontology development, the needs for an ontology in the battery field, and current activities to meet this need.
Optimal nanocone geometry for water flow
Authors: Sun Zheng , Wang Suran , Xiong Hao , Wu Keliu , Shi Juntai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pursuit, toward transport efficiency, is significantly necessary for energy conversion, water filtration. However, structure design, aiming at further enhancing nanoconfined water flow, is still lacking. With the motivation to bridge the knowledge gap, a simple yet practical model regarding the nanocone structure design is established. This research demonstrates that nanocone, with desirable opening angle and length, possesses the capacity to achieve the optimal flow behavior. Flow resistance occurring inside nanocones, and that at cone entrance, exit, are considered. Optimal nanocone geometry can be determined based on the minimization of total resistance. Results show that (a) suitable opening angle spans from 10° to 30° over a wide range of nanocone geometry; (b) evident decline tendency of the suitable opening angle toward the increasing surface wettability is captured; and (c) water transport capacity inside optimal nanocone is 4–50 times that within cylindrical nanopores. This article forms a theoretical framework for nanocone design.
Extended moving horizon estimation for chemical processes under non‐Gaussian noises
Authors: Valipour Mahshad , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies on moving horizon estimation (MHE) for applications featuring process uncertainties and measurement noises that follow time‐dependent non‐Gaussian distributions are absent from the literature. An extended version of MHE (EMHE) is proposed here to improve the estimation for a general class of non‐Gaussian process uncertainties and measurement noises at no significant additional computational costs. Gaussian mixture models are introduced to the proposed EMHE to approximate offline the non‐Gaussian densities of these random variables. Moreover, the proposed EMHE‐based estimation scheme can be updated online by re‐approximating the corresponding Gaussian mixture models when the distributions of noises/uncertainties change due to sudden or seasonal changes in the operating conditions. These updates are not expected to increase the central processing unit times considerably. Illustrative case studies featuring open‐loop operation and closed‐loop control using nonlinear model predictive control have shown that the practical features offered by EMHE resulted in significant improvements in state estimation and online control.
Tibial cortical and trabecular variables together can pinpoint the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal females
Authors: Murray Alison A. , Erlandson Marta C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThough relationships between limb bone structure and mechanical loading have provided fantastic opportunities for understanding the lives of prehistoric adults, the lives of children remain poorly understood. Our aim was to determine whether or not adult tibial skeletal variables retain information about childhood/adolescent loading, through assessing relationships between cortical and trabecular bone variables and the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal adult females.MethodsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to quantify geometric and densitometric variables from the proximal tibial diaphysis (66% location) and distal epiphysis (4% location) among 81 nulliparous young adult female controls and athletes aged 19–33 years grouped according to intensity of impact loading both pre‐ and post‐menarche: (1) Low:Low (Controls); (2) High:Low; (3) High:High; (4) Moderate:Moderate; (5) Low:Moderate. ANCOVA was used to compare properties among the groups adjusted for age, stature, and body mass.ResultsSignificant increases in diaphyseal total cross‐sectional area and strength‐strain index were documented among groups with any pre‐menarcheal impact loading relative to groups with none, regardless of post‐menarcheal loading history (p < .01). In contrast, significantly elevated distal trabecular volumetric bone mineral density was only documented among groups with recent post‐menarcheal loading relative to groups with none, regardless of pre‐menarcheal impact loading history (p < .01).ConclusionsThe consideration of diaphyseal cortical bone geometric and epiphyseal trabecular bone densitometric variables together within the tibia can identify variation in pre‐menarcheal and post‐menarcheal impact loading histories among premenopausal adult females.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome and the Cohesin complex: Abstracts from the 9th Biennial Scientific and Educational Virtual Symposium 2020
Authors: Oliver Chris , Groves Laura , Hansen Blake D. , Salehi Masoud , Kheradmand Shaydah , Carrico Cheri S. , Caudill Patti , Mattingly Mark , Dorsett Dale , Chea Stephenson , Singh Vijay Pratap , Krantz Ian D. , Huisman Sylvia , Deardorff Matthew A. , Kline Antonie D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a spectrum disorder due to variants in genes of the cohesin protein complex. The following abstracts are from the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Scientific and Educational Symposium held virtually in October 2020. Aspects of behavior, including autistic features, impulsivity, adaptive skills, executive function, and anxiety are described. Applied behavioral analysis is a promising approach for autism, and an N‐acetylcysteine trial is proposed. Children below 6 years with CdLS have an increased number of and further travel to medical providers, with insurance type comprising a significant barrier. Speech, language, and feeding abilities fall significantly below expectations for age in CdLS. Augmentative alternative communication can yield potential barriers as well as interesting benefits. Developmentally, studies in animal models further elucidate the mechanisms and roles of cohesin: link with mediator transcriptional complex; facilitation of enhancer‐promoter communication; regulation of gene expression; allocation of cells to germ layers; and repair of spontaneous DNA damage in placental cells. Genome and RNA sequencing can help identify the molecular cause in the 20% of individuals with suspected CdLS and negative testing. The phenotypes in individuals with variants in the SMC1A gene are distinct, and that with intractable seizures has been further evaluated. AMA CME credits provided by GBMC, Baltimore, MD. All studies approved by an ethics committee.
Fourier Behind Entanglement: A Spectral Approach to the Quantum Internet
Authors: Mastriani Mario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the bridge between quantum fourier transform (QFT) and the most important effect inside quantum physics—entanglement—is presented. Moreover, all the applications of entanglement are impregnated by this equivalence, which concludes in the first spectral approach to the quantum Internet of the literature, which will allow the development of configurations that are more immune to noise as well as fault‐tolerant. Several protocols used in the quantum Internet are implemented on a 5‐qubit international business machine quantum (IBM Q) platform, experimentally verifying the aforementioned equivalence.
Self‐repairing oil‐impregnated gel coatings based on reversible physical cross‐linking for anti‐fouling and anti‐corrosion
Authors: Deng Ran , Zeng Liangpeng , Wu Qing‐Yun , Li Weihua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCorrosion and biofouling are the most severe threats to the security of engineering equipment and materials. Oil‐impregnated gel (OIG) is a promising coating material for both corrosion protection and biofouling prevention. Unfortunately, OIGs are prone to damage due to their weak mechanical strength, and most of the reported OIGs are irreversibly cross‐linked through covalent bonds. To meet the great demand of self‐repairable OIGs for their durable applications, we develop a self‐repairable OIG coating based on the reversible sol‐gel process of styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SIS) and n‐hexadecane in the current work. The rheological properties of SIS/hexadecane were investigated by a rotary rheometer, which revealed the reversible sol‐gel transition during the cooling process as well as the gelation temperature with the SIS concentration above 2%. Owing to the dynamic hexadecane liquid layer and low‐modulus gel surface, the coating displays outstanding sliding properties to various fluids as well as impressive repellence to bacteria. The water sliding angles on OIGs are below 5° as measured by a water contact angle system. Moreover, it can serve as a barrier against corrosion medium and can be in situ repaired by the laser irradiation based on photothermal effect once damaged. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated the impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz (|Z|0.01Hz) of the OIG coatings on Q235 substrate is 6.34 × 109 Ω cm2, and the repairing process was monitored by the scanning Kelvin probe microscope. This research proposes a novel strategy to prepare the self‐repairing coatings for anti‐adhesion and anti‐corrosion based on the physically cross‐linked oil‐impregnated gel.
Functional analysis of a peptidoglycan recognition protein involved in the immune response in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Qin , Yu Hai‐Zhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeptidoglycan recognition proteins (GRPs) are family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can recognize the peptidoglycan and trigger the innate immune system against the microorganisms in insects. In this study, we identified a GRP‐LB from Spodoptera litura genome database and named SlGRP‐LB, which contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp, encoding a protein of 212 amino acids with a signal peptide and GRP domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the SlGRP‐LB has a close relationship with Helicoverpa armigera GRP‐LB (HaGRP‐LB). Tissue expression analysis revealed that SlGRP‐LB had a high expression level in the fat body. The expression levels of SlGRP‐LB were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph, fat body, and midgut from 3 to 12 h after injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the expression levels were not downregulated at 24 h postinfection. Knockdown of SlGRP‐LB expression by RNA interference reduced the expression of antibacterial peptide‐related genes in the fat body and midgut, while their expression levels were upregulated in the hemolymph. In addition, the recombinant SlGRP‐LB was expressed by using E. coli expression system, and it exhibited binding activity to E. coli. Taken together, the data suggest that S. litura GRP‐LB might play a crucial role in regulating immune response in S. litura.
X‐ray views of our solar system
Authors: Branduardi‐Raymont Graziella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe solar system comprises a relatively small number of X‐ray emitting objects, which are associated with a variety of physical emission processes: we can explore them with good spatial and temporal precision at relatively local distances, and in situ as well, unlike the rest of the Universe. Moreover, from the study of the solar system, we can gather insights into extra‐solar planets too. This article offers a review of our current knowledge of the X‐ray properties of bodies in our solar system, of the physical processes leading to X‐ray emissions, and of recent breakthrough discoveries brought about by space probes providing remote imaging as well as in situ measurements. In the long term, the next generation of Earth‐bound X‐ray observatories and the possibility of in situ X‐ray measurements, that is, by X‐ray telescopes onboard spacecraft visiting the planets, will underpin the next giant leap in discovery space.
Comparative study on the main active components of Baoyuan decoction in plasma and urine of normal and heart failure rats
Authors: Lu Ying‐Yuan , Fang Meng , Du Zhi‐Yong , Wang Jin‐Long , Song Jin‐Yang , Jiang Yong , Guo Xiao‐Yu , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe global morbidity and mortality of heart failure has been increasing in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was increasingly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Baoyuan decoction (BYD) was a famous classical prescription in China. Modern pharmacological studies showed that it had obvious therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases, but its pathological pharmacokinetic studies were unclear. In this research, the absorption of 16 bioactive components in plasma and the excretion of 9 representative components in urine of control rats and isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced heart failure rats were studied using the large‐volume direct‐injection LC–MS method established by our research group. The results indicated that flavonoid constituents exhibited quicker absorption and elimination than saponin constituents after oral administration of BYD. The half‐life period of some bioactive compounds in the model group was increased, which contributed to the longer therapeutic effect. The cumulative excretion rate of major flavonoid components of BYD decreased significantly in the ISO‐induced heart failure rats.
A novel strategy on the spectrochromatographic analysis of a quaternary mixture by parallel factor analysis model
Authors: Dinç Erdal , Ertekin Zehra Ceren , Büker Eda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoor chromatographic resolution is one of the main challenges in chromatographic analysis. Partially separated chromatographic peaks frequently occur, due to the nature of analytes and the demand for fast analysis using high flow rates and shorter columns. Modeling of chromatographic three‐way data using suitable chemometric tools enables determining co‐eluted peaks without using additional experimental efforts. In this paper, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was applied to chromatographic data for the quantitative resolution of a quaternary mixture at the co‐elution condition of acetaminophen, aspirin, ascorbic acid, and guaifenesin in a spectrochromatogram. The spectrochromatograms of the calibration set, validation set, and real samples were arranged as a three‐way array. In the next step, the PARAFAC model was implemented to decompose the spectrochromatographic array into trilinear components, corresponding to spectral, chromatographic, and relative concentration profiles of the analytes. The chromatographic and spectral modes were used for the qualitative analysis of components, whereas the analytes in commercial tablets were quantified from their individual profiles in their concentration mode. This study indicated that the application of the PARAFAC model provided a novel strategy for determining overlapping peaks in a chromatogram to perform the analysis of multicomponent mixtures with reduced runtime and without additional efforts.
Cerebral processing of sharp mechanical pain measured with arterial spin labeling
Authors: Cardinale Vita , Demirakca Traute , Gradinger Tobias , Sack Markus , Ruf Matthias , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Schmitz Marius , Schmahl Christian , Baumgärtner Ulf , Ende Gabriele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionArterial spin labeling (ASL) is a functional neuroimaging technique that has been frequently used to investigate acute pain states. A major advantage of ASL as opposed to blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent functional neuroimaging is its applicability for low‐frequency designs. As such, ASL represents an interesting option for studies in which repeating an experimental event would reduce its ecological validity. Whereas most ASL pain studies so far have used thermal stimuli, to our knowledge, no ASL study so far has investigated pain responses to sharp mechanical pain.MethodsAs a proof of concept, we investigated whether ASL has the sensitivity to detect brain activation within core areas of the nociceptive network in healthy controls following a single stimulation block based on 96 s of mechanical painful stimulation using a blunt blade.ResultsWe found significant increases in perfusion across many regions of the nociceptive network such as primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, premotor cortex, posterior insula, inferior parietal cortex, parietal operculum, temporal gyrus, temporo‐occipital lobe, putamen, and the cerebellum. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find any significant increase within ACC, thalamus, or PFC. Moreover, we were able to detect a significant positive correlation between pain intensity ratings and pain‐induced perfusion increase in the posterior insula.ConclusionWe demonstrate that ASL is suited to investigate acute pain in a single event paradigm, although to detect activation within some regions of the nociceptive network, the sensitivity of our paradigm seemed to be limited. Regarding the posterior insula, our paradigm was sensitive enough to detect a correlation between pain intensity ratings and pain‐induced perfusion increase. Previous experimental pain studies have proposed that intensity coding in this region may be restricted to thermal stimulation. Our result demonstrates that the posterior insula encodes intensity information for mechanical stimuli as well.