bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading university internationalisation: The future of Euro‐Chinese academic cooperation
Authors: Amaro de Matos João , Pina e Cunha Miguel , Falcão de Berredo Rita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnder the pressure of globalisation, both China and Europe have active strategies to internationalise their higher education systems. This paper explores the cultural and institutional constraints of these strategies in both territories, analysing their impact on the cooperation and competition among higher education institutions. The article focuses on the historical and current practices of internationalisation in Europe and China, the strategic goals underlying these practices, and the implications of internationalisation strategies in constraining the choices and actions of academic leaders in Chinese and European higher education institutions. This article contributes to the literature on Chinese and European cooperation in higher education by analysing the points of conflict and opportunities for growth. Despite differences (e.g., centralised vs. decentralised systems, top‐down vs. bottom‐up decision‐making processes, and the roles of leadership in the governance of higher education institutions), there is a common interest in promoting economic competitiveness, developing a knowledge‐based society, advancing research, attracting and retaining talent, and reducing regional inequalities. The paper concludes that cooperation is possible in specific areas in which neither China nor Europe can succeed alone with the same impact that would be possible with cooperation.
Temperature‐mediated acquisition of rare heterologous symbionts promotes survival of coral larvae under ocean warming
Authors: Matsuda Shayle B. , Chakravarti Leela J. , Cunning Ross , Huffmyer Ariana S. , Nelson Craig E. , Gates Ruth D. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReef‐building corals form nutritional symbioses with endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), a relationship that facilitates the ecological success of coral reefs. These symbionts are mostly acquired anew each generation from the environment during early life stages (“horizontal transmission”). Symbiodiniaceae species exhibit trait variation that directly impacts the health and performance of the coral host under ocean warming. Here, we test the capacity for larvae of a horizontally transmitting coral, Acropora tenuis, to establish symbioses with Symbiodiniaceae species in four genera that have varying thermal thresholds (the common symbiont genera, Cladocopium and Durusdinium, and the less common Fugacium and Gerakladium). Over a 2‐week period in January 2018, a series of both no‐choice and four‐way choice experiments were conducted at three temperatures (27, 30, and 31°C). Symbiont acquisition success and cell proliferation were measured in individual larvae. Larvae successfully acquired and maintained symbionts of all four genera in no‐choice experiments, and >80% of larvae were infected with at least three genera when offered a four‐way choice. Unexpectedly, Gerakladium symbionts increased in dominance over time, and at high temperatures outcompeted Durusdinium, which is regarded as thermally tolerant. Although Fugacium displayed the highest thermal tolerance in culture and reached similar cell densities to the other three symbionts at 31°C, it remained a background symbiont in choice experiments, suggesting host preference for other symbiont species. Larval survivorship at 1 week was highest in larvae associated with Gerakladium and Fugacium symbionts at 27 and 30°C, however at 31°C, mortality was similar for all treatments. We hypothesize that symbionts that are currently rare in corals (e.g., Gerakladium) may become more common and widespread in early life stages under climate warming. Uptake of such symbionts may function as a survival strategy in the wild, and has implications for reef restoration practices that use sexually produced coral stock.
Mesenchymal neoplasms with NTRK and other kinase gene alterations
Authors: Davis Jessica L , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Rudzinski Erin R , Surrey Lea F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKinase alterations are increasingly recognised as oncogenic drivers in mesenchymal tumours. Infantile fibrosarcoma and the related renal tumour, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, were among the first solid tumours shown to harbour recurrent tyrosine kinase fusions, with the canonical ETV6::NTRK3 fusion identified more than 20 years ago. Although targeted testing has long been used in diagnosis, the advent of more robust sequencing techniques has driven the discovery of kinase alterations in an array of mesenchymal tumours. As our ability to identify these genetic alterations has improved, as has our recognition and understanding of the tumours that harbour these alterations. Specifically, this study will focus upon mesenchymal tumours harbouring NTRK or other kinase alterations, including tumours with an infantile fibrosarcoma‐like appearance, spindle cell tumours resembling lipofibromatosis or peripheral nerve sheath tumours and those occurring in adults with a fibrosarcoma‐like appearance. As publications describing the histology of these tumours increase so, too, do the variety kinase alterations reported, now including NTRK1/2/3, RET, MET, RAF1, BRAF, ALK, EGFR and ABL1 fusions or alterations. To date, these tumours appear locally aggressive and rarely metastatic, without a clear link between traditional features used in histological grading (e.g. mitotic activity, necrosis) and outcome. However, most of these tumours are amenable to new targeted therapies, making their recognition of both diagnostic and therapeutic import. The goal of this study is to review the clinicopathological features of tumours with NTRK and other tyrosine kinase alterations, discuss the most common differential diagnoses and provide recommendations for molecular confirmation with associated treatment implications.
Prevalence and risk factors of fatigue in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Romadlon Debby Syahru , Hasan Faizul , Wiratama Bayu Satria , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThis meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of fatigue in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsObservational studies reporting the prevalence and risk factors of fatigue in type 1 or 2 DM were systematically searched for in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Trial, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. A random‐effect model was used for data analysis.FindingsWe included 19 studies involving 7131 patients with type 1 DM and 32 studies involving 34,994 patients with type 2 DM in the study. The pooled prevalence of fatigue in type 1 and type 2 DM was 44% and 50%, respectively. The Asia–Pacific region (e.g., Japan and Australia), South America, and Africa lacked reports regarding fatigue prevalence in type 1 DM, and North Asia and Southeast Asia lacked reports of fatigue prevalence in type 2 DM. Depression and physical activity were the only two variables significantly correlated with fatigue in both type 1 and type 2 DM (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsApproximately half of the patients with type 1 or type 2 DM experienced fatigue, with the prevalence of 44% and 50%, respectively. Our findings regarding its risk factors can provide an evidence‐based approach for managing fatigue in DM patients.Clinical relevanceThis meta‐analysis emphasizes the importance of fatigue management in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Most significantly, our results on risk factors related to fatigue in diabetes can contribute to the development of evidence‐based strategies for managing fatigue in individuals with DM.
Comparison of stent retriever thrombectomy using 3‐dimensional patient‐specific models of intracranial circulation with actual middle cerebral artery occlusion thrombectomy cases
Authors: Pressman Elliot , Sommer Kelsey N. , Waqas Mohammad , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Ionita Ciprian N. , Mokin Maxim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeStent retriever (SR) thrombectomy is commonly used for the treatment of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) in acute ischemic stroke. Clot imaging parameters such as clot length, diameter, distance to the internal carotid artery terminus, and vessel angle where the SR is deployed may predict the likelihood of achieving first pass effect (FPE). Most of the proposed factors that seem to affect recanalization success have been studied individually, and conflicting data derived from clinical versus in vitro studies using 3‐dimensional printed models of intracranial circulation currently exist.MethodsUsing patient‐specific 3‐dimensional phantoms of the cervical and intracranial circulation, we simulated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) M1 and M2 occlusions treated with SR thrombectomy using Solitaire (Medtronic) or Trevo (Styker). Our primary outcome was FPE, defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2c–3 achieved after a single thrombectomy attempt. We also performed retrospective analysis of same clot imaging characteristics of consecutive cases of MCA occlusion and its association with FPE matching the 3‐dimensional in vitro experiments. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Chi‐square tests and bivariate logistic regressions were the main statistical tests used in analysis. A p‐value of less than .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Ninety‐five confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated.ResultsWe compared 41 thrombectomy experiments performed using patient‐specific 3‐dimensional in vitro models with a retrospective cohort of 41 patients treated with SR thrombectomy. We found that in the in vitro cohort, higher MCA angulation was associated with a lower likelihood of FPE (odds ratio [OR] = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.944‐0.991, p = .008). Meanwhile in the in vivo cohort, higher MCA angulation was associated with a higher likelihood of FPE (OR = 1.039, 95% CI = 1.003‐1.077, p = .033). Neither clot length nor location of clot (M1 vs. M2) was associated with a difference in FPE rates in either cohort.DiscussionComparison of SR thrombectomy performed during actual MCA occlusion cases versus patient‐specific 3‐dimensional replicas revealed MCA angulation as an independent predictor of procedure success or failure. However, the opposite direction of effect was observed between the two studied environments, indicating potential limitations of studying SR thrombectomy using 3‐dimensional models of LVO.
Identification of Paramyrothecium foliicola causing crater rot in eggplant and its potential hosts under controlled conditions
Authors: Aumentado Herbert Dustin , Balendres Mark Angelo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFruit diseases are among the major problems that negatively affect eggplants (Solanum melongena L.). With climate change, new pathogens may potentially emerge and threaten the yield and profitability of eggplant production. This study elucidates the causal agent of a crater rot in eggplant fruit. The disease appears as shallow to deep and crater‐shaped lesions on infected fruits. Olive‐coloured sporodochia and dark exudates appeared around the centre of the lesion. The fungal pathogen associated with the crater rot was identified as Paramyrothecium foliicola L. Lombard & Crous. The fungus was pathogenic to eggplant in two independent, detached fruit assays. The fungus also induced crater rot on wounded tomato and pepper fruits. The same fungus was consistently re‐isolated from the inoculated fruits satisfying Koch's postulates. In an attempt to determine the potential host range of this fungal pathogen, 45 plant species from 21 plant families were assessed for pathogenicity under detached fruit or leaf assays. A wide range of plant species was susceptible to P. foliicola MBEPFR05 in either wounded or unwounded inoculations. This is the first report of P. foliicola causing crater rot in eggplant. This study also demonstrates the ability of the fungus to infect other economically important plants. Crater rot may become a problem in vegetable production and thus entails that more research would be needed considering little information on crater rot epidemiology and its management.
Phylotype, sequevar and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanaceaum species complex from Northern Thailand
Authors: Akarapisan Angsana , Kumvinit Athidtaya , Nontaswatsri Chalermsri , Puangkrit Theeraniti , Kositratana Wichai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum species complex is a group of vascular soil‐borne plant pathogens that causes bacterial wilt on various host plants and has caused great yield losses in Thailand. In 2020 and 2021, bacterial wilt diseases were observed in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Approximately 19 bacterial wilt strains that were infecting 10 plant species were identified. The different bacterial wilt strains were characterized based on biovar test, phylotypes and DNA sequence of egl gene to determine their sequevar classification. The results of biovar tests by oxidation of disaccharides and hexose alcohols showed the strains belong to biovars 2T, 3 and 4. The partial egl gene sequence analysis of the strains clustered into five type groups that included phylotype IIA sequevar 1 as R. solanacearum and phylotype I, which included 4 sequevars (13, 17, 30 and 47) as R. pseudosolanacearum. The results showed that tomato, Thai eggplant and marigold were susceptible to all bacterial wilt strains. Furthermore, R. pseudosolanacearum biovar 2T phylotype I sequevar 17 was specifically pathogenic to pumpkin and cucumber, but sequevar 13 produced bacterial wilt symptoms on cucumber, and the two sequevars were non‐symptomatic on Patumma and turmeric. R. pseudosolanacearum biovar 4 phylotype I sequevar 30 was specifically pathogenic to Patumma and turmeric. This new report expands the knowledge on genetic analysis and host range diversity of the R. solanacearum species complex in Thailand.
Rewriting the Grand Siècle: Blackface in Early Modern France and the Historiography of Race
Authors: Ndiaye Noémie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay critiques the French cultural aversion to racial thinking which has resulted in the absence of race as a theme and analytic in French historiographic practices, especially in relation to the ancien régime. This essay argues that focusing on 17th century theater and performance culture, especially on baroque ballets and their oblique representations of Blackness and slavery through blackface, reveals a long national history of racism against Black people. This essay is a call to rewrite as an age of race‐making a period often construed as a cultural and literary golden age that still plays a central role in definitions of French heritage and identity today.
Magnetics Hysteresis Properties and Microstructure of High-Energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B Magnets with Low Oxygen Content
Authors: Vasilenko D. Yu. , Shitov A. V. , Bratushev D. Yu. , Podkorytov K. I. , Gaviko V. S. , Golovnya O. A. , Popov A. G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetic properties and microstructure of high-energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets with Dy of no more than 1 wt % prepared via a low-oxygen routine are studied. Oxygen content in magnets does not exceed 0.20 wt %. 0.5 wt %–Dy addition reliably stabilizes the coercivity MHc higher than 13 kOe; in this case, the maximum energy density product (BH)max of magnets is 48.5–49.5 MG Oe. High magnetic hysteresis properties are gained via optimization of chemical and phase compositions of magnets, as well as their microstructure. The grain size of the main Nd2Fe14B phase is approximately 3.5 μm; and according to X-ray analysis, the weight fraction of additional Nd-rich phases (NdOx and Nd2O3) does not exceed 2.5%. Scanning electron microscopy study has demonstrated that in triple junctions of Nd2Fe14B grains there are two types of inclusions (В and С) of the NdOx phase, which significantly differ by their chemical composition. С-phase inclusions with low oxygen content (х ≈ 0.03) are enriched in Fe (40–50 wt %); whereas, В-phase with high oxygen content (х ≈ 0.70) contains 3–5 times less Fe. The angular dependences of coercivity of (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets are presented.
Comparative study of multiple heat indices in revisiting summer heat across China based on meteorological observations
Authors: Feng Yao , Wang Hong , Liu Wenbin , Sun Fubao , Cui Huijuan 
Published: December 2021

Multiple indices have been created to measure hot conditions that may cause discomfort, stress even death to humans. However, distinctions among these indices and their performance in measuring heat remain undisclosed. We conduct a comparative study of multiple heat indices and revisit the spatiotemporal changes in summer heat across China. The maximum temperature-based index, more sensitive to average and maximum temperatures, suggests a larger increasing trend (0.42°C/10a) in heat intensity than those average temperature-based ones which are more sensitive to minimum temperature. The absolute threshold-based heat-day indices are not so applicable as the relative ones in measuring the increasing heat days over the Tibetan Plateau. During 1960–2018, significant ( p < 0.05) increasing trends in heat intensity (0.11–0.42°C/10a) and heat day (0.63–2.67 days/10a) are revealed with a jump-like increase after the mid-1990s at the country level. Stronger heat intensity occurs over the southeast and north China with larger increasing trends over the Tibetan Plateau and northwest China. Northern China with larger increasing heat intensity and days should take effective measures of adaptation to reduce suffering from the summer heat. Given differences among multiple indices and the performance over different regions, a rational selection of heat index considering the research subject of interest and regional climatology is highly recommended.
Effects of shear-thickening polymer on force attenuation capacities in hip protectors
Authors: Yum Haeun , Lim Hamin , Min Dahae , Kwon Chani , Seo Jiin , Kim Minji , Kim Bobae , Lee Kyoung Min , Lee Taeyong 
Published: December 2021

Many elderly people use hip protectors to prevent hip fractures from sideways falls. These hip protectors absorb or shunt away the energy applied to the greater trochanter. Herein, shear-thickening polymer (STP)-based hip protectors composed of STP and polyurethane foam are studied. The purpose of this study was to identify the main factor that reduces the impact force directly applied to the femoral neck region and to determine the optimal thickness of STP in hip protectors. Seven hip protectors of different thicknesses were prepared, and two sets of free-fall mechanical tests with a low impact energy of 25.1 J and moderate impact energy of 44.1 J were conducted for each hip protector. When the thickness of STP exceeded 8 mm, the resultant peak force tended to plateau under both impact conditions, and the force attenuation capacity decreased even under low impact energy conditions. Thus, a hip protector with a 6 mm or 8 mm STP and 5 mm foam was recommended. The STP was the key factor affecting force attenuation capacity, not the polyurethane foam. However, the foam also played an important role in helping the STP function and improving compliance for users.
Effect of pulse injection on film cooling performance: Experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Hosseini Baghdad Abadi Seyyed Mehdi , Zirak Saadat , Rajabi Zargarabad Mehran 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the influence of pulsating air on film cooling of a flat plate at different frequencies and blowing ratios are experimentally and numerically investigated. Square wave pulsed flow is generated at four frequencies of 2, 10, 50, and 100 Hz corresponding to Strouhal numbers of 0.00254, 0.0127, 0.0636, and 0.1271, respectively, and at five blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.4, and 3. Reynolds-averaged Navier−Stokes equations are resolved to analyze the coolant film effectiveness based on parameters set in the experiments. The [Formula: see text] model used for turbulent modeling. The obtained results showed that the performance of pulsating cooling decreases with increasing of blowing ratio at the same flow as steady state conditions. The difference between numerical and experimental values for the centerline film effectiveness shows good adaptation at the distances of the injection hole downstream. The lift-off of the local jet increased under pulsation. Increasing the pulse frequency increases the overall efficiency of film cooling. The maximum mean centerline pulsating film cooling effectiveness is obtained at Strouhal number of 0.0636 and a blowing ratio of 0.5, and the minimum value is for Strouhal number of 0.00254 and a blowing ratio of 3. For pulsed flow, the maximum discrepancy of the mean centerline film effectiveness between experimental and numerical results was 17.82%.
Placental Pathology in Maternal Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Authors: Seasely Angela R. , Sinkey Rachel G. , Dean Sarah Joy , Descartes Maria , Duncan Virginia E. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder, inherited in an X-linked manner. Males are severely affected. Female phenotypes vary from asymptomatic to severe, and symptoms may be triggered by high metabolic states like childbirth. Literature on OTC deficiency in pregnancy and placental pathology is limited. Methods Pathology records were searched at a single referral center from 2000–2020 and identified three placental cases from two mothers heterozygous for OTC deficiency. Placental pathology and maternal and neonatal history were reviewed in detail. Results The placenta from one symptomatic mother carrying an affected male fetus showed widespread high-grade fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) lesions of varying age. These lesions were not seen in the two placentas from the asymptomatic mother. Discussion In cases of symptomatic maternal OTC deficiency, our findings highlight the need for placental examination. Since thrombotic events in the placenta have the potential to associate with fetal and neonatal endothelial damage, a high index of suspicion for neonatal thrombosis may be warranted.