bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences of oral cancer in men and women of West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Kerketa Mrinmoy , Babu N Aravindha 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Oral cancer constitutes a major public health problem in South East Asia, as it causes profound social and economic consequences for people in this area. Nowadays, pattern of tobacco and alcohol use among females is changing and at the same time incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among females is increasing.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible differences between male and female patients suffering from oral SCC.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and sixteen patients with oral SCC, who were diagnosed between 2017 and 2018, were evaluated retrospectively. Special attention was paid to tobacco and alcohol use, as well as to patients without the risk factors. Data obtained were entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then were analyzed by SPSS 24.0.

Results:
The men: women ratio was 2.5:1. Mean age for diagnosis of oral cancer in men was 57.5 and mean age for diagnosis of oral cancer in women was 46.33. Majority of men oral cancer patients had smoking habits (61.45%) and majority of women oral cancer patients had chewing habits (66.67%). Tongue was the most common site for women oral cancer patients and palate, retromolar area and tonsillar area were the most common site for men oral cancer patients who never used any habit products.

Conclusion:
Compared to earlier studies women gets diagnosis of oral cancer earlier than men in our study. Gutkha use in men and Gudaku use in women were associated with oral cancer in early age. Further studies should be performed in women tongue cancer patients and men patients with cancer of maxillary area, retromolar and tonsillar area without risk factors to find etiology.
Expression of podoplanin in tumor cells and lymphatic vessels in both tumoral and peritumoral areas and correlation with metastatic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Geeta , Kumar Randhir , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Gupta Manu , Gupta Manish 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
This study aims to study the expression of podoplanin in tumor cells as well as the lymphatic vessels (LVs) in both tumoral and peritumoral areas and correlate the importance of the lymphatic microvascular density (LMVD) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its metastatic potential.

Materials and Methods:
D2–40 expression and LV density (LVD) were assessed using antibody D240, in 45 diagnosed cases of all the three grades of OSCC. D2–40 expression was evaluated in both epithelial cells as well as the LVs.

Results:
D2–40 expression in OSCC showed two different patterns - diffuse and focal. LMVD was calculated and difference in peritumoral and intra tumoral LVs was also assessed. A marked increase was seen we progressed from well-differentiated tumor to poorly differentiated ones, but this difference was found to be statistically nonsignificant. D2–40 immunostaining also highlighted the presence of lymphatic invasion present within the tumors which was detected by the presence of tumor emboli within the LVs. Overall, no significant correlation was found between D240 epithelial positivity and LVD.

Conclusion:
The expression of podoplanin in tumor cells and lymphatics when correlated with histopathological status and clinically with the lymph node status can definitely help in the adjuvant therapies used in OSCC.
Horoscopic role of CD105 (Endoglin) in progression of oral lichen planus
Authors: Parvathala Poornima , Baghirath P Venkat , Reddy C Narendra , Vinay B Hari , Krishna A Bhargavi , Naishadham Parameshwar P 
Published: June 2021

Context:
Role of CD105(Endoglin) in Pathogenesis and progression of OLP.

Aim:
To assess the role of neoangiogenesis in the progression of OLP by determining the expression of CD105 in OLP and normal mucosa.

Settings and Design:
The present study includes a total of 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of which the study group comprises 50 tissue sections histopathologically confirmed as OLP. They were subdivided into two groups - Group I (Reticular OLP) and Group II (Erosive OLP) - 25 each. The control group (designated as Group III) included 20 sections of normal mucosa.

Materials and Methods:
All the sections were 4 μm thick and stained with CD105 antibodies. After identifying areas of highest vascularity (hot spots) in low power (×10) magnification, individual microvessels were counted manually at high power (×40) magnification.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Analysis of variance test was used to determine the difference of microvessel density (MVD) between variants of OLP and normal mucosa and Cohen's kappa statistic was used to check interobserver variability.

Results:
CD105 staining showed a mean MVD of 1.31 ± 1.8 in the normal mucosa compared to 1.68 ± 1.4 and 4.14 ± 2.7 in the reticular and erosive variants, respectively, with a P = 0.000*, which is statistically significant (*P < 0.05 is statistically significant).

Conclusion:
Based on our observations, it is evident that compared to normal mucosa, MVD is greater in lichen planus. Within the two variants of OLP, MVD is higher in Erosive variant compared with Reticular variant, foreshadowing the role of neoangiogenesis in the progression of OLP and its possible malignant transformation.
Importance and correlation of sudden onset, presence and recovery of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chaturvedi Himani Tiwari , Patel Varsha Prabhubhai , Vasava Rahul Ramanbhai , Chaturvedi Chandrashekher 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be associated with acute onset of smell and taste dysfunction along with other common presenting symptoms such as cough, fever and myalgia. Our study aims to analyze the presence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGDs) in patients with COVID-19 and to assess their onset and recovery.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021 retrospectively at Care Multispecialty Hospital, Vadodara. A total 301 patients were admitted, among those 280 qualify according to inclusion criteria and 3 patients denied to participate in the study. All patients presenting with laboratory-confirmed real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. All 277 patients were undergone a diagnostic questionnaire through telephonic conversation which include patient main symptoms and self-assessment of loss of smell and taste and their onset and recovery.

Results:
Two hundred and seventy-seven patients were included in this study. One hundred and fifty-three patients (55%) reported olfactory and gustatory disorders. Loss of taste and smell were more frequently reported in female patients (72.8%) than male patients (48%). Onset of these symptoms concomitant with other typical symptoms of COVID-19 is in 58.2% of cases. Recovery of symptoms in most patients was in 5–10 days and faster in younger patients.

Conclusion:
Olfactory and gustatory disorders (OGDs) related to COVID-19 are frequently reported and more common in female patients. Rapid recovery was observed in most cases. Altogether OGDs can possibly act pivot screening or diagnostic tool for COVID-19 pandemic.
Natural stain (Kumkum) formulated by the extract of Curcuma aromatica and slaked lime in histostaining of oral tissues
Authors: Lavanya A , Sowmya S V , Rao Roopa S , Augustine Dominic , Haragannavar Vanishri C 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The pharmacological actions of Curcuma aromatica (wild turmeric) such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antimicrobial and wound healing have been recognized since ages. However, its role as a natural histological stain has not been explored till date.

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of natural substance-Kumkum prepared from the extract of C. aromatica and slaked lime in staining the biopsied oral tissues

Materials and Methods:
A cohort study that used 60 formalin fixed paraffin embedded soft and hard tissue specimens from institutional archives were subjected to sectioning and stained using Kumkum and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). The slides were evaluated for their staining efficacy and results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Independent 't' test.

Results:
The mean of the overall parameters assessed for staining efficacy did not show statistically significant difference between the study groups in normal and pathological specimens for tooth (P = 0.410 and 0.484), bone (P = 0.133 and 0.157) and soft tissues (P = 0.186 and 0.113), respectively. This suggests that Kumkum staining efficacy is equivalent to that of routine H and E for oral tissues. Structures such as dentinoenamel junction, dentinal tubules, incremental lines of cementum, reversal and resting lines, osteocytic canaliculi, mature and immature bone could be appreciated better in Kumkum stained slides, thereby rendering a special staining property to Kumkum stain.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to have used Kumkum stain obtained from C. aromatica for the differentiation of the components of tooth, bone and soft tissue structures in histostaining of oral tissues. The naturally prepared Kumkum stain possesses dual staining property both in routine and differential staining. This facilitates diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions, bony, collagen and muscular pathologies. The natural stain also finds application in forensic odontology for age estimation.
Peels as an alternative to ground sections – An in vitro microscopic study
Authors: Rath Rachna , Raghunath Vandana 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The routine approach to delve into the organization of mineralized and nonmineralized structures of teeth is by studying whole tooth or slices of it by making thin section which requires laborious grinding or employing specialized equipment and also leads to specimen wastage. Peels hitherto utilized for fossil studies hold promise in overcoming the aforesaid shortcomings. Although the acetate peel technique has been modified for the study of tooth structure, the field remains largely unexplored.

Aim:
The current study was taken up to explore the usefulness of cellulose acetate peels in reproducing microscopic structures of teeth as seen in routine ground sections and further if they could supplement or replace the same.

Materials and Methods:
Extracted human teeth were embedded in plaster blocks in longitudinal and transverse orientation, ground and polished with silicon carbide paper. Following etching, washing and drying, the polished surface was wet with acetone and precut cellulose acetate film was placed over it and allowed to dry. As the acetate polymer dissolved in acetone and subsequently re-polymerized after setting into the micro reliefs produced by tooth etching, it registered the microscopic tooth details on its surface. The peels were mounted and secured on a glass slide and subjected to routine light and phase contrast microscopy for observing captured details of the tooth structure.

Results and Conclusion:
Acetate peels successfully reproduced most of the microscopic tooth details which were better than those observed in ground tooth sections. Hence, this technique could be considered as a quick, durable and inexpensive alternative or supplement to routine thin ground sections of dental hard tissues.
Correlating Kane formula with existing intraocular lens formulae for corneal curvatures and axial lengths
Authors: Priji P , Jacob Sajeev Cherian , Kalikivayi Lavanya , Kalikivayi Venkataramana 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
To evaluate the predictability of the Kane formula in estimating postoperative refractive outcome with various corneal curvatures and axial lengths (ALs) besides comparing with existing intraocular lens (IOL) formulae.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among patients having uneventful cataract surgery at an eye hospital. A total of 50 eyes were considered for the study. The corresponding A-constant for the model of IOL implanted into the patient's eye was taken along with the actual power of IOL implanted and corresponding predicted power for the IOL power inserted were taken for all the chosen formulae and was termed as "Adjusted Predicted Refractive Power." This was compared with the actual refractive outcome and the absolute error (AE) was measured. The eyes were separated into groups in terms of corneal curvature as flat (<42D), medium (42D–46D), and steep (>46D) corneas. In terms of AL, it was grouped as short (≤22 mm), medium (>22.0–<24.0 mm), and long (>24.0 mm) eyes.

RESULTS:
The study included 50 eyes and the mean AE for all the selected formulae were calculated for each group. Over the entire corneal curvature range, none of the formulae showed any significance when compared with the Kane formula (P > 0.05). In short AL, SRK-T formula had a statistical significance over the Kane formula (P = 0.043), whereas no other group had any significance over the Kane formula in AL groups.

CONCLUSION:
The study shows, all formulae (SRK-T, Holladay1, Hoffer Q, Hill RBF, Barrett Universal II, Kane) are interchangeable to predict the IOL power for any of the corneal curvature and ALs.
An Epidemic of Scurvy, Identified Based on Lower Extremity Swelling, in a Southern Ethiopian Prison
Authors: Amogne Wondwossen , Nimani Meskerem , Shemsedin Ishmael , Marshalo Wadu , Jima Daddi , Addissie Adamu , Fogarty John 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
In October 2016, we received reports of five deaths among prisoners with leg swelling of unknown etiology in southwestern Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the outbreak. A suspected case was defined as a prisoner with leg swelling of unknown etiology noted between May 15, 2016 and November 29, 2016. A total of 118 suspected cases were identified with unilateral or bilateral leg swelling without an identifiable cause from a total of 2,790 prisoners. Eight of the suspected cases were thoroughly examined, and seven of these suspected cases had clinical findings consistent with scurvy. Three of the clinical cases had undetectable vitamin C levels in the serum. The attack rate for the prison was 4.2% (118/2,790), and 11 deaths were identified, making the case fatality rate 9.3% (11/118). Clinical cases of scurvy had symptoms of fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and signs of follicular hyperkeratosis, petechiae, peripheral edema, and oral lesions. All clinical cases had severe anemia with hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dL. The diet provided by the prison excluded fruits and vegetables. Scurvy was determined to be the cause of the outbreak, and vitamin C supplementation was promptly initiated. All symptomatic prisoners improved, and no further cases were identified in a 4-week follow-up period of active surveillance.
Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Coverage Estimates from Population-based Surveys: Reliability of Women's Recall Among Women with ANC Cards
Authors: Hansen Natasha , Youll Susan , Florey Lia , Taylor Cameron 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Large household surveys performed to estimate coverage rates for various health interventions, including intermittent preventive treatment, depend on recall. Many studies question the validity of recalled data. Regarding vaccine coverage rates, it is standard practice to validate responses using medical history cards. To validate the coverage rates of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy reported by large household surveys, recalled coverage rates were compared with antenatal care card data in Benin, Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania. The results indicated that recall was comparable to the coverage rates provided indicated by the antenatal care cards. These findings suggest that intermittent preventive treatment coverage rates reported by large household surveys performed using recalled data are valid.
The novel Social Spider Optimization Algorithm: Overview, Modifications, and Applications
Authors: Almufti Saman 
Published: June 2021

The continues in real-world problems increasing complexity motivated computer scientists and researchers to search for more-efficient problem-solving strategies. Generally natural Inspired, Bio Inspired, Metaheuristics based on evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence algorithms have been frequently used for solving complex, real-world optimization problems because of their ability to adjust to variety of conditions. This paper present a swarm based algorithm that is based on the cooperative behaviors between social spider, it called Social Spider Optimization (SSO) algorithm. In SSO, search agents characterize a set of spiders which together move according to a biological behavior in colony. During the past years after SSO introduction, many modifications has improved the performance of the algorithm and has been applied in several fields. In this paper, the improvements, and applications of the SSO are reviewed.
PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL NERVE FIBER ALTERATIONS IN HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Bulut Muhammed Nurullah , Evlice Mert 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.
Methodology: The study included patients who were being followed at Kartal Kosuyolu High Speciality Training and Research Hospital for HFrEF and were referred to the Eye Clinic of the Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey between 2017-2019. Study participants were divided into two groups, one comprising HFrEF patients and a control group of patients without HF. Each patient underwent a routine ophthalmologic examination including best corrected visual acuity evaluation, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The RNFL of each patient was measured using spectral domain OCT.
Results: A total of eyes of 37 HFrEF patients and 38 controls were evaluated. Superior RNFL thickness was 113.71±17.08 μm in the HFrEF group and 126.22 ± 13.68 μm in the control group (p=0.001). Inferior RNFL thickness was 117.88 ± 14.5 μm in the HFrEF group and 131.69 ± 12.93 μm in the control group (p<0.001). Average RNFL thickness in the HFrEF and control groups was 92.32 ± 10.22 μm and 103.31 ± 8.14 μm, respectively. There were significant differences between the study groups in all five parameters.
Conclusion: In this study, RNLF thinning occurs in HFrEF compared to the control group that may be useful for demonstrate tissue perfusion deficiency in HFrEF.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOM LEVEL ON SLEEP QUALITY IN THE ELDERLY WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Avcı Abdullah , GÜN Meral 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of activities of daily living and depression symptom level on sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure.
Methodology: In this descriptive study the sample consisted of 95 patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic of a university hospital due to heart failure and who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The research data wss collected using the Personal Information Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Katz Index-Activities of Daily Living and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form.
Results: It was found that the sleep quality of all patients who participated in the study was low (9.98 ± 2.74). The mean depression symptom level score of the patients was high (7.58 ± 3.58), and that sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom level score increased (p<0.05). There was no relationship between the total activities of daily living score and the total sleep quality score, and that the sleep quality of the dependent patients in the washing and transfer dimensions, which are the sub-dimensions of activities of daily living, were lower than that of the independent ones. Also, it was found that as the level of dependence increased in the daily living activities increased, the level of depression symptoms increased too.
Conclusions: The study revealed that elderly patients with heart failure experienced significant sleep problems and that their sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom levels increased.
ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Bhatti Usman , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Khan Muhammd Nauman , Soomro Najia Aslam , Naseeb Khalid , Ahmed Shahid , Ashraf Tariq , Moazzam Ali , Bashir Sonia , Karim Musa 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of arrhythmias in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 189 consecutive patients of either gender presented with ACS during six months of study period were included. Continuous cardiac monitoring (telemetry) was done to record any arrhythmia within 24 hours of onset of symptoms.
Results: 189 patients with ACS were included, 152 patients (80.4%) were males with the mean age of 48.23 ± 6.717 years. This included 95 patients (50.3%) with unstable angina, 36 patients (19.1%) with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 58 patients (30.7%) with Non-STEMI. Arrhythmias were seen in 39 patients (20.6%), most commonly observed type of arrhythmia was premature ventricular contractions (12), atrial fibrillation (nine), ventricular tachycardia (seven), and ventricular fibrillation (five).
Conclusion: Arrhythmias were reported in 39 patients from the total, accounting for 20.63% of the entire population. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmia was more in the age group 40-60 years and male population.
COMPARISON OF ANXIETY LEVEL, BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY EXPERIENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Altınbaş Yasemin , Ister Emine Derya Derya 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aimed to compare state and trait anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate of patients with and without coronary angiography experience who undergo coronary angiography intervention.
Methodology: This study is cross-sectional comparative research. A total of 160 patients, including 80 patients undergo for the first time coronary angiography and 80 patients with at least one experience of coronary angiography were included in the sample of the study. In the study, data were collected using 'Patient Information Form' and 'State-Trait Anxiety Inventory', blood pressure measurement device, and pulse oximeter.
Results: The mean of state anxiety scores of the patients with and without CA experience were 39.35±5.31 and 39.98±4.04, respectively; (p=0.395). The mean of trait anxiety scores of the patients with and without CA experience were 44.73±6.84 and 44.51±6.05, respectively (p=0.826). There was no statistically significant difference observed in state and trait anxiety between two groups. Before the CA procedure, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure average of the patients with CA experience were statistically higher than those without CA experience (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The anxiety levels of the patients before the CA were observed to be similar and moderate, regardless of their CA experience. It was observed that patients with CA experience before CA procedure had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to the group without experience.