bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of job resources in the relationship between ageing, professional status and well-being in healthcare
Authors: Tomo Andrea , De Simone Stefania 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study aims to test the relationship between ageing, professional status and well-being and the moderating role that job resources might have in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors relied upon the literature on well-being and the job demands–resources (JD-R) model and employed the Copenhagen psychological questionnaire administered to patient care workers in three paediatric hospitals belonging to the same healthcare organization.FindingsThe findings, on the one hand, confirm a not-significant relationship between ageing, professional status and well-being; on the other hand, they indicate that job resources have a positive, significant and direct impact on well-being and a significant role in moderating the relationship between ageing, professional status and well-being.Originality/valueThe present paper has manifold academic and practical interesting implications as it contributes to the literature on the well-being of healthcare workers and provides implications to identify interventions for better human resource (HR) management in the healthcare context.
Root influence on soil nitrogen availability and microbial community dynamics results in contrasting rhizosphere priming effects in pine and spruce soil
Authors: Li Jian , Alaei Saeed , Zhou Moyan , Bengtson Per 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is increasingly considered an important regulator of below‐ground C and N cycling, with implications for terrestrial ecosystem feedback to global change. Even so, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms underlying RPEs.We used novel stable isotope probing methods to investigate RPEs in an experiment with Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings, two of the most common boreal forest species. We determined root exudation rates, RPEs on SOM decomposition and gross N mineralization, and the contribution of different microbial functional groups to the observed RPEs.Pine induced positive and spruce induced negative RPEs on SOM decomposition, while no RPE on gross N mineralization was observed. Negative RPEs in the spruce treatment were attributed to an opportunistic subset of the fungal community that was growing on root‐derived13C while depleting available N, thus reducing the activity of microbial SOM decomposers. In the pine treatment, available N was likely sufficient to support the root‐induced decomposition activities of fungal decomposers, resulting in positive RPEs.The findings suggest that RPEs, promoted by root stimulation of distinct subsets of the microbial community, can either contribute to conserving the soil C stock or to depleting it, depending on plant species and soil N availability.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Tripartite symbioses regulate plant–soil feedback in alder
Authors: Ardanuy Agnès , Walker Jennifer K. M. , Kritzler Ully , Taylor Andy F. S. , Johnson David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Plant–soil feedbacks regulate plant productivity and diversity, but potential mechanisms underpinning such feedbacks, such as the allocation of recent plant assimilate, remain largely untested especially for plants forming tripartite symbioses.

We tested how soils from under alder Alnus glutinosa and beneath other species of the same and different families affected alder growth and nutrition, and colonization of roots by nitrogen‐fixing Frankia bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi. We also measured how the soil environment affected carbon capture and allocation by pulse labelling seedlings with 13CO2. We then tested for linkages between foliar nutrient stoichiometry and carbon capture and allocation and soil origin using statistical modelling approaches.

Performance of alder and nitrogen nutrition were best on home and birch Betula pendula soils (both Betulaceae), whereas performance on Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) soil was poor. Plants growing in P. menziesii soil were virtually devoid of Frankia and ectomycorrhizas, and the natural abundance 15N signatures of leaves were more enriched indicating distinct nitrogen acquisition pathways. Seedlings in these soils also had smaller 13C fixation and root allocation rates, leading to smaller 13C respiration rates by microbes.

Statistical models showed that the best predictors of foliar N concentration were 13C allocation rates to fine roots and net CO2 exchange from the mesocosms. The best predictors for foliar phosphorus concentration were net CO2 exchange from the mesocosms and soil origin; seedlings in home soils tended to have greater foliar phosphorus compared to birch soils while seedlings from Douglas fir soils were no different from the other treatments. Foliar phosphorus concentration was not correlated with plant available or total soil phosphorus for any of the soils. Home soils also resulted in distinct ectomycorrhizal communities on seedlings roots, which could be responsible for greater foliar phosphorus concentration.

Our findings show how the association of alder with nitrogen‐fixing Frankia relieved nitrogen limitation in the seedling triggering a performance feedback loop. We propose that relief of nitrogen limitation likely increases plant phosphorus demand, which may promote the formation of ectomycorrhizas in nutrient‐deficient soils. The formation of tripartite symbioses therefore generates positive plant–soil feedbacks, which enables plants to acquire mineral nutrients otherwise inaccessible in trade for carbon.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Hybrid networks reveal contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on antagonistic and mutualistic motifs
Authors: Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Rey Pedro J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Anthropogenic‐driven perturbations such as agricultural intensification can affect simultaneously and distinctly several species groups and ecosystem functions. Unveiling these concurrent effects on interdependent species groups connected by different types of ecological interactions is a key challenge for ecologists. To this endeavour, hybrid ecological networks arise as a promising tool.

In this study, we used bee trap nests to sample hybrid networks that combined mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to explore agricultural intensification effects on the representation of network motifs (i.e. subnetworks showing different interaction types between a small number of species). Also, we assessed the variability of network motif's frequencies on farms under similar management regimes and the dissimilarity between farms under different ones. For this, we implemented a novel approach, calculating network functional spaces based on probability density estimates of network motif's frequencies, using network motifs as traits.

Results showed that environmentally friendly practices maximize the representation of mutualistic (cavity nesting bees–plants) and predation (wasps–prey and bees/wasps–antagonists) motifs. In contrast, intensive agriculture favoured generalist and intraguild predation interactions. Lastly, the frequency of motifs representing antagonistic interactions was more inconsistent and unpredictable across sites than mutualistic motifs, especially on intensified farms.

Our novel approach, dissecting hybrid networks into their motifs and analysing the functional space defined by these, reported detailed and contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on network motifs that represent the mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in this system.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Clinical characteristics associated with idiopathic rapid gastric emptying in patients referred for gastric emptying studies
Authors: Xiao Ted , Koch Kenneth , Bones Brent , Urbain Jean‐Luc Claude , Bennett Paige , Rejeski Jared 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesRapid gastric emptying (RGE) is diagnosed using nuclear medicine gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES). The clinical symptoms are non‐specific and its pathophysiology in the absence of gastric surgery is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics associated with idiopathic RGE.MethodsGES studies were reviewed from a database of 1958 4‐hour solid‐phase GES performed over an 8‐year period. RGE was defined as <30% of the test meal remaining in the stomach at 1 hour. Patients who had had any gastric operation were excluded. A chart review was conducted to extract patients’ baseline data and clinical characteristics.ResultsOf the 1958 GES studies reviewed, 156 (8.0%) patients had RGE, and 534 (27.3%) had delayed gastric emptying (>10% retained food at 4 h), respectively. Idiopathic RGE constituted 22.6% (156/690) of all abnormal GES studies. The patients’ average age at diagnosis was 54.0 years and 53.8% of patients with RGE were female. Most (69.2%) of these studies were ordered with an initial clinical suspicion of gastroparesis, compared with only 12.2% with a suspicion of RGE. Among this idiopathic RGE cohort, 71.2% presented with symptoms of nausea, 42.9% with vomiting, 32.1% with abdominal pain, 21.2% with bloating and 17.9% with early satiety. Only 7.7% presented with diarrhea, 0.6% with palpitations and 0.6% with hypoglycemia.ConclusionsIdiopathic RGE is an important differential diagnosis in patients with symptoms classically associated with gastroparesis. Few have postprandial diarrhea or palpitations as their presenting symptom. Further studies of idiopathic RGE syndrome are warranted.
The Flora Incognita app – Interactive plant species identification
Authors: Mäder Patrick , Boho David , Rzanny Michael , Seeland Marco , Wittich Hans Christian , Deggelmann Alice , Wäldchen Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Being able to identify plant species is an important factor for understanding biodiversity and its change due to natural and anthropogenic drivers.

We discuss the freely available Flora Incognita app for Android, iOS and Harmony OS devices that allows users to interactively identify plant species and capture their observations. Specifically developed deep learning algorithms, trained on an extensive repository of plant observations, classify plant images with yet unprecedented accuracy. By using this technology in a context‐adaptive and interactive identification process, users are now able to reliably identify plants regardless of their botanical knowledge level.

Users benefit from an intuitive interface and supplementary educational materials. The captured observations in combination with their metadata provide a rich resource for researching, monitoring and understanding plant diversity.

Mobile applications such as Flora Incognita stimulate the successful interplay of citizen science, conservation and education.
Prophylactic platelet transfusions in hospitalised patients with thrombocytopenia—Protocol for a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Anthon Carl T. , Sivapalan Praleene , Granholm Anders , Pène Frédéric , Puxty Kathryn , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Russell Lene 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic platelet transfusions are frequently used to prevent bleeding in hospitalised patients with thrombocytopenia. Recommendations regarding the use of prophylactic platelet transfusions in non‐haematological patients are based on extrapolations, observational studies, and expert opinions, and transfusion with platelets has been associated with adverse effects. We aim to assess the overall benefits and harms of prophylactic platelet transfusions in hospitalised patients with thrombocytopenia.Methods/DesignWe will conduct a systematic review with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analyses in compliance with the recommendations by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will prepare the manuscript in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement. We will include randomised clinical trials assessing prophylactic platelet transfusion versus no prophylaxis or placebo in hospitalised patients with thrombocytopenia. The primary outcome is mortality at longest follow‐up. Secondary outcomes include episodes of clinically important bleeding, nosocomial infections, transfusion‐related adverse events, thromboembolic events, length of hospital stay, quality of life, and days alive without the use of life support. We will conduct prespecified subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses and assess the risk of random errors by trial sequential analyses.DiscussionThe proposed systematic review will provide an overview of the certainty of evidence for the benefits and harms of prophylactic platelet transfusion in hospitalised patients with thrombocytopenia.
Prevalence and impact of hazardous alcohol use in intensive care cohort: A multicenter, register‐based study
Authors: Nissilä Eliisa , Hynninen Marja , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Suojaranta Raili , Korhonen Anna‐Maija , Suvela Markku , Loisa Pekka , Kaminski Tadeusz , Hästbacka Johanna 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundReports of the prevalence and impact of hazardous alcohol use among intensive care unit (ICU) patients are contradictory. We aimed to study the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among ICU patients and its association with ICU length of stay (LOS) and mortality.MethodsFinnish ICUs have been using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) to evaluate and record patients' alcohol use into the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium's Database (FICC). We retrieved data from the FICC from a 3‐month period. We excluded data from centers with an AUDIT‐C recording rate of less than 70% of admissions. We defined hazardous alcohol use as a score of 5 or more for women and 6 or more for men from a maximum score of 12 points.ResultsTwo thousand forty‐five patients were treated in the 10 centers with an AUDIT‐C recording rate of 70% or higher. AUDIT‐C was available for 1576 (77%) patients and indicated hazardous alcohol use for 334 (21%) patients who were more often younger (median age 55 [interquartile range 42‐65] vs 67 [57‐74] [P < .001]) and male (78.1% vs 61.3% [P < .001]) compared to other patients. We found no difference in LOS or hospital mortality between hazardous and non‐hazardous alcohol users. Among the non‐abstinent, risk of death within a year increased with increasing AUDIT‐C scores adjusted odds ratio 1.077 (95% confidence interval, 1.006‐1.152) per point.ConclusionThe prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in Finnish ICUs was 21%. Patients with hazardous alcohol use were more often younger and male compared with non‐hazardous alcohol users.
Parsing the microRNA genetics basis regulating skeletal muscle fiber types and meat quality traits in pigs
Authors: Jiang A. , Yin D. , Zhang L. , Li B. , Li R. , Zhang X. , Zhang Z. , Liu H. , Kim K. , Wu W. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMuscle fibers are closely related to human diseases and livestock meat quality. However, the genetics basis of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating muscle fibers is not completely understood. In this study, we constructed the whole genome‐wide miRNA expression profiles of porcine fast‐twitch muscle [biceps femoris (Bf)] and slow‐twitch muscle [soleus (Sol)], and identified hundreds of miRNAs, including four skeletal muscle‐highly expressed miRNAs, ssc‐miR‐378, ssc‐let‐7f, ssc‐miR‐26a, and ssc‐miR‐27b‐3p. Moreover, we identified 63 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs between biceps femoris vs. soleus, which are the key candidate miRNAs regulating the skeletal muscle fiber types. In addition, we found that the expression of DE ssc‐miR‐499‐5p was significantly correlated to the expression of Myoglobin (r = 0.6872, P < 0.0001) and Myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7; r = 0.5408, P = 0.0020), and pH45 min (r = 0.3806, P = 0.0380) and glucose content (r = −0.4382, P = 0.0154); while the expression of DE ssc‐miR‐499‐3p was significantly correlated to the expression of Myoglobin (r = 0.5340, P = 0.0024) and pH45 min (r = 0.4857, P = 0.0065). Taken together, our data established a sound foundation for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in skeletal muscle fiber conversion and meat quality traits in livestock, and could provide a genetic explanation of the role of miRNAs in human muscular diseases.
IgE antibodies increase honeybee venom responsiveness and detoxification efficiency of mast cells
Authors: Starkl Philipp , Gaudenzio Nicolas , Marichal Thomas , Reber Laurent L. , Sibilano Riccardo , Watzenboeck Martin L. , Fontaine Frédéric , Mueller André C. , Tsai Mindy , Knapp Sylvia , Galli Stephen J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn contrast to their clearly defined roles in allergic diseases, the physiologic functions of Immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgEs) and mast cells (MCs) remain enigmatic. Recent research supports the toxin hypothesis, showing that MCs and IgE‐related type 2 immune responses can enhance host defense against certain noxious substances, including honeybee venom (BV). However, the mechanisms by which MCs can interfere with BV toxicity are unknown. In this study, we assessed the role of IgE and certain MC products in MC‐mediated BV detoxification.MethodsWe applied in vitro and in vivo fluorescence microscopyimaging, and flow cytometry, fibroblast‐based toxicity assays and mass spectrometry to investigate IgE‐mediated detoxification of BV cytotoxicity by mouse and human MCs in vitro. Pharmacologic strategies to interfere with MC‐derived heparin and proteases helped to define the importance of specific detoxification mechanisms.ResultsVenom‐specific IgE increased the degranulation and cytokine responses of MCs to BV in vitro. Passive serum sensitization enhanced MC degranulation in vivo. IgE‐activated mouse or human MCs exhibited enhanced potential for detoxifying BV by both proteolytic degradation and heparin‐related interference with toxicity. Mediators released by IgE‐activated human MCs efficiently degraded multiple BV toxins.ConclusionsOur results both reveal that IgE sensitization enhances the MC's ability to detoxify BV and also assign efficient toxin‐neutralizing activity to MC‐derived heparin and proteases. Our study thus highlights the potential importance of IgE, MCs, and particular MC products in defense against BV.
Making Better Numbers through Bioethnographic Collaboration
Authors: Roberts Elizabeth F. S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I describe my ongoing bioethnographic collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of exposure scientists in environmental engineering and health. First, I explain how and why integrating ethnography and number‐based disciplines is such a complex, time‐consuming, and worthwhile process, when ethnography produces a kind of excessive “big data” that is not easily enumerated. Then I describe three of our current bioethnographic projects that seek to make better numbers about how (1) neighborhoods, (2) water distribution, and (3) employment and chemical exposures shape bodily processes in a highly unequal world. To conclude, I reflect on how we might harness ethnographic excess for making better numbers and thus better knowledge, and also how bioethnographic collaboration inevitably transforms ethnography even as we insist on its excess. [collaboration, methodology, ethnography, big data, biomedical science]
Children's Knowledge of a Name‐Based Avoidance Register: A Quantitative Study among Datooga of Tanzania
Authors: Mitchell Alice , Rácz Péter Marton 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAmong Datooga pastoralists of Tanzania, an elaborate in‐law naming taboo has led to the emergence of a conventionalized avoidance vocabulary used by married women. We report on a survey investigating Datooga children's knowledge of this special vocabulary. The questionnaire and our expectations were pre‐registered and the results were analyzed using regression analysis. Though use of the avoidance vocabulary is gender‐specific, girls were only slightly more knowledgeable than boys about avoidance words. More predictive of children's responses was sociolinguistic environment: children from more “traditional” backgrounds showed greater knowledge of avoidance words. Based on this finding, we discuss how social change may be affecting this particular kind of knowledge transmission. Low overall accuracy reveals the gradual nature of certain types of sociocultural learning. [language learning, knowledge transmission, avoidance registers]
Aging in digital
Authors: ÖZDEN‐SCHILLING TOM 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn British Columbia, Canada, aging forestry scientists struggle to pass on long‐term projects to younger colleagues who may never arrive. Thanks to the government of British Columbia's radical downsizing of its forestry research institutions, many of these scientists have been forced to reconceptualize the meaning of “succession.” Central to this process are computer‐based simulations of forest change, which have become critical sites of relationality for scientists struggling to sustain key experiments and their attending intellectual legacies. Digital simulations have increasingly come to mediate the expectations and shared dependencies that constitute scientific authorship. As a result, contemporary processes of institutional reproduction can depend less on deliberate enactments of agency than on subtler processes of detachment. To have their epistemic authority recognized by funders, apprentices, and collaborators, aging scientists must increasingly foreground their vulnerabilities and prepare for the possibility of their own erasure. [expertise,aging,simulation,forestry,environmental science,British Columbia,Canada,North America]
Distress in fathers of babies with infant colic
Authors: de Kruijff Ineke , Veldhuis Moniek S. , Tromp Ellen , Vlieger Arine M. , Benninga Marc.A. , Lambregtse‐van den Berg Mijke P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this case‐control study was to compare parental stress, depression, anxiety and bonding problems between fathers and mothers of babies with infant colic and parents of control infants.MethodsParents of 34 infants with infant colic and 67 control dyads were included. Parental feelings were assessed using validated questionnaires.ResultsFathers as well as mothers of infants with infant colic showed significantly higher mean scores compared with controls on stress (20.9 ± 5.8 and 25.5 ± 7.2 vs 16.4 ± 6.1 and 14.7 ± 7.0), depression (5.6 ± 4.0 and 9.1 ± 4.8 vs 2.9 ± 2.9 and 4.0 ± 3.1), anxiety (41.9 ± 9.2 and 46.0 ± 10.2 vs 32.4 ± 8.4 and 32.2 ± 9.3) and bonding problems (16.1 ± 8.1 and 13.7 ± 5.9 vs 8.7 ± 6.3 and 5.0 ± 4.4). In fathers, after adjustments for infant and parental confounders and maternal negative feelings, depression and anxiety were significantly increased in the infant colic group (difference of 2.7 (p = 0.017) and 8.6 (p = 0.002)).ConclusionIn fathers of infants with infant colic, the experienced distress is strongly associated with maternal distress, except for depression and anxiety. Paediatricians should be aware of these paternal feelings as parental reassurance and support is one of the cornerstones in the treatment of infants with colic.