bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How To Culture Limnoterrestrial Heterotardigrades: A Case Study In The Echiniscus, Pseudechiniscus And Viridiscus Genera
Authors: Momeni Sogol , Fuentes-González Jesualdo Arturo , Pienaar Jason 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Tardigradologists have long tried to culture limnoterrestrial heterotardigrades without success. This is likely because they depend on specific conditions in their microhabitats. Most limnoterrestrial heterotardigrades are found associated with bryophytes and lichens (collectively cryptogams). In contrast to eutardigrades, many of which are easily cultured, heterotardigrades are found in cryptogams that prefer drier and sunnier habitats and that tend to grow on the vertical surfaces of boulders, cliffs, or tree trunks. By carefully observing heterotardigrades in the Echniscus and Viridiscus genera over many months, we determined that these organisms feed on chloroplasts and cytoplasm of both moss cells (typically moss protonema) and single-celled green algae associated with the moss (typically Chlorella vulgaris). We also determined that the cryptogams they associate with, and hence the heterotardigrades themselves, spend more time in a dried state than most eutardigrade species. Taking these observations into account we varied food, water, and desiccation cycle conditions with the aim of developing a culturing protocol for heterotardigrades. Results: We have maintained laboratory cultures of several generations and counting of Echiniscus, Pseudechniscus and Viridiscus genera tardigrades using the following experimentally derived protocol: Both moss and algae from their natural habitats are required as food sources and a small layer of rain or spring water is added every morning and allowed to evaporate some overnight. Furthermore, the organisms are more likely to lay eggs on a dense mat of moss protonema, grown by inserting tips of moss branches into a solidified KCM / agar medium. The medium also provides a walking substrate for the tardigrades, and possibly a source of cations. Crucially, the cultures must be allowed to dry out completely every ten days for a period of at least three days. Moss in the culture dish significantly improves the chances of the tardigrades coming out of their desiccation-resistant states successfully. Conclusions: We conclude that periodic drying out, moss and algae are all required to successfully culture heterotardigrades. Furthermore, drying must occur slowly, and the moss protonema enables this by retaining moisture thereby slowing evaporation. We suspect our protocol will work for most limnoterrestrial heterotardigrades with minor tweaking of culturing conditions.
The Resistive Ground Fault of PWM Voltage Inverter In The EV Charging Station
Authors: Zurek-Mortka Marta , Szymański Jerzy Ryszard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the direct touch of the inverter output voltage, the nonsinusoidal ground currents with a basic harmonic frequency between 1.5 kHz and 16 kHz, flow via a human’s body. Here was proved that Residual Current Device (RCD) type AC/IΔn = 30 mA does not switch off the power supply when a ground current with a value of about some hundred milliamps occurs. Because RCDs do not disconnect the power supply, the touch on the inverter’s voltage is dangerous to the health and life. For the authors, RCD usage in Voltage Frequency Converters is not a good engineer practice. The article presents tests of RCD operation in the event of a ground fault during EV battery charging.
Efficacy of Rikkosan For Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hato Hiroyuki , Sakata Ken-ichiro , Sato Jun , Asaka Takuya , Ohga Noritaka , Yamazaki Yutaka , Kitagawa Yoshimasa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by pain in the oral cavity. Kampo medicine is a traditional Japanese medical system, which has its roots partly in ancient Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of rikkosan—a traditional Japanese herbal medicine (kampo)—in the treatment of primary BMS.
Main body:

A single-center retrospective study was conducted in 32 patients who were diagnosed with primary BMS and treated with rikkosan alone through gargling (2.5 g rikkosan dissolved in 50 mL hot water) three times daily. Patients were asked to evaluate their pain using the numerical rating scale (NRS) at first visit, after 1 month, and the end of rikkosan treatment. One patient had stomatitis as a side effect after gargling with rikkosan, however, no side effects were observed in other patients. Overall NRS scores decreased significantly between the first visit (7.6 ± 2.7) and the end of treatment with rikkosan (4.4 ± 3.3).
Conclusions

Rikkosan may be an effective treatment for primary BMS.
Analysis of Codon Bias in Mitochondrial Genome of Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus
Authors: Bai Lirong , Lu Lili , Li Suping , He Jicui , Chen Jian , Wang Pei , Guo Yin , Wang Hongchen , Yu Dahui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is one of the rare marine economic fishes with high economic value. At present, the researches on grouper mainly focus on artificial propagation, physiology and biochemistry, diseases and so on. However, there are few reports on mitochondrial genome level. The research aimed to analyze composition characteristics and usage preference of codon of mitochondrial genome in E. fuscoguttatus, and explored main factors of affecting the formation of codon preference, thereby providing theoretical basis for studying species evolution, genetics and breeding, and improving expression efficiency of exogenous genes. Results: GC content of mitochondrial genome of E. fuscoguttatus changed between 44.00% and 46.30%, with 45.40% of mean. Change range of CAI value was between 0.125 and 0.202, and the mean was 0.155. Effective number of codons (ENC) changed between 36.08 and 49.55, with 44.98 of mean. There were 32 codons that relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) was more than 1, mainly ended with A/C. ENC-plot analysis found that all the genes were in the lower middle of the standard curve, and there was larger difference between actual and theoretical ENC, illustrating that codon bias was mainly affected by the choice. Correspondence analysis showed that the first axis contributed 58.85% of the difference, while the second, third and fourth axes contributed 14.59%, 7.66% and 5.43% of the difference respectively. Cumulative contribution rate of the first four vectors was 85.53%. Finally, nine optimal codons were selected: CUU, AUC, GUU, CCU, GCA, UAU, CGC, AGC and GGC.Conclusions: Codon usage preference of mitochondrial genome of E. fuscoguttatus was weak, and it preferred to use A/C terminated codon, and preference was mainly influenced by choice.
Effect of Electro-Acupuncture on Gut Microbiome in Cisplatin-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure Mice
Authors: He Qi-da , Guo Jing-jing , Zhang Qi , Yau Yuen-ming , Yu Yue , Zhong Zheng-hong , Tong Zi-yan , Yang Zong-bao , CHEN MIN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Growing evidences showed that gut microbiota is associated with premature ovarian failure (POF). Many case reports had shown that electro-acupuncture was effective in the treatment of POF. However, there was little research on regulating gut microbiome of POF mice by electro-acupuncture. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether electro-acupuncture could improve ovarian function and regulate gut microbiome in mice with POF. In addition, the therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture at acupoints and non-acupoints were compared.
Methods

POF mice were established by injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin (2mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Guanyuan (CV4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) were selected in the electro-acupuncture at acupoints group (EA group). Non-acupoints which around CV4 and SP6 were selected in the electro-acupuncture at non-acupoints group (EN group). EA group and EN group were treated for 3 weeks. The ovarian function was evaluated by assays of histopathological and molecular. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome of POF mice was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing.
Results

The results showed that EA could restore the estrous cycle and reduce the number of atresia follicles in POF mice. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were decreased by EA. As well as, the levels of serum estradiol, anti mullerian hormone and β-glucuronidase were increased by EA. The relative expressions of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were increased to promote the proliferation of ovarian cells in EA group. According to the results of 16S rDNA sequencing, we found that the diversity of gut microbiome in mice with POF was changed. However, the abundance and diversity of gut microbiome could be regulated by EA in POF mice. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased by EA. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the gut microbiome which associated with estrogen signaling pathway, oocyte maturation and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were regulated by EA.
Conclusions

EA could provide protection against cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. The abundance and diversity of probiotics could be increased by EA. Moreover, EA might treat POF via regulating the gut microbiome.
Solitary Thyroid Nodule High Incidence of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Nasr Burkan , Qubati Mohammed , Qubati S , Al-Tamimi Abdulhakim , Rabo Yasser Abd , Gonid Anwar , Tam Abdulfatah Al , Al-Shujaa Mohamed , Nasr Burkan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Aim: The preoperative distinguish between benign and malignant in solitary thyroid nodule is important. It helps to avoid unnecessary surgery and its adverse effects, such as hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, and recurrent nerve injury.Methods: descriptive perspective analyzed data over a period of 6 years April 2015__April 2021 In Saudi hospital at Hajjah, Yemen. 226 thyroid operations for 207 patients ,135 patients diagnosis as Solitary thyroid nodule and 72 patients as Multi nodular goiter. the patients with a clinically as solitary thyroid nodule were included in the study group. Results: 135 cases of clinically detected STN,126 female and 9 male patients, between 14_65 years age, median 41 years and mean 39.76 years, (94 , 41)patients respectively Rt side thyroid effect more than Lt side, FNAC sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was (61% , 72% , 64%)respectively. Postoperative histopathology was reported 100(74%)patients as benign thyroid nodule and 35 patients(26%) as malignant thyroid nodule . Post operative transient hypocalcemia in 9 patients (7%), and temporary horsnese in 3 patients (2%). Conclusion: The incidence of malignancy in STN is high. Rapid growth by history and hard fixed nodule by examination and hypoechoic, micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy on USG frequently in malignant nodules. Male risk factor for thyroid cancer while age, number and size of nodules were not. FNAC more helpful for diagnosis if aspiration under USG guide and reading by experience histopathologest .Type of surgery depending on preoperative evaluation including history, examination, ultrasound, FNAC result, and intraoperative assessment of the nodule .Less complications of thyroid surgery by experience surgeon.
Study on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cd2+ Ion Doped Zns/PVP Nanocomposite FilmsB. Suresh1, S. Ramachandran1 and G. Shanmugam2
Authors: Suresh B. , Ramachandran S. , SHANMUGAM G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cd2+ ion doped ZnS/PVP nanocomposite films have been prepared using in-situ chemical method. XRD studies confirm the cubic structure of ZnS for all the films and the nanocrystallite size of ZnS is found to varying from 3.82 to 4.07 nm with Cd doping. The morphology of the films has been analyzed using SEM micrograph which shows the mono dispersion of ZnS nanoparticles in PVP matrix. The interaction between ZnS nanoparticles and PVP polymer matrix has been discussed using FTIR spectra. Optical absorption spectra of the films reveal the blue shift on the absorbance onset with the comparison of bulk ZnS and the estimated optical band gap energy decreases with increasing the concentration of Cd dopant. Photoluminescence spectra show a blue emission peak for all the films. The Z-scan results of three samples show a reverse saturation absorption process in open Z-scan experiment and self-focusing behavior in closed Z-scan experiment. Both ZnS/PVP and Cd2+ ion doped ZnS/PVP films exhibited the large optical nonlinearity and the value of nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) and figure of merit (FOM) increase with Cd doping. The estimated n2, β, χ(3) and FOM values were found to be high for 6 mol% Cd doped ZnS/PVP nanocomposite film and they are about 1.771⋅10− 10 m2 W− 1, 4.148⋅10− 3 mW− 1, 1.603⋅10− 4 esu and 9.576⋅10− 6 esu m respectively. The experimental results clearly showed that the Cd2+ ion doped ZnS/PVP nanocomposite film is a worthy candidate for the future nonlinear optical device fabrication.
Increases in Use of Psychiatric Sick Leave During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Healthcare Workers in a Municipality of Argentina. Observed Versus Expected Cases in 2020 compared to Historical data.
Authors: Marconi Agustina M , Myers Ursula S , Retamar Alfredo M , Freddi Ivanna Jazmin , Zamora Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The severe respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS CoV 2) has caused world-wide pressure on the healthcare workers attempting to treat millions of individuals ill with COVID-19, in addition to their regular duties. Aims: examine the use of psychiatric leave by Argentinian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; explore differences by gender. Methods: analysis of “excess of psychiatric sick leave” in health workers at a municipal level for Buenos Aires, January- October 2020. We used historical cases of psychiatric sick leave (2015-2019) and those requested in 2020. The differences between gender were determined using difference in proportions among groups. Results: The excess of psychiatric sick leave in 2020 compared to historical data was 161.90%. The difference in proportion per sex showed a significant 59.34% towards female. Conclusions: healthcare workers in the Argentinian municipality of Vicente Lopez used significantly higher number of psychiatric sick leaves during pandemic. The higher rates of psychiatric sick leave used by female replicate findings of higher rates of psychological symptoms in female healthcare workers.
Integrative Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals Candidate lncRNAs Responsible for Meat Quality in Goats
Authors: He Changsheng , Wang Yong , Zhu Jiangjiang , Xiong Yan , Li Yanyan , Chen Juan , Lin Yaqiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Goats are popular in China because of their superior meat quality, delicate flesh, and unique flavor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, the effects of lncRNAs on the meat quality of goat hasn’t been fully elucidated yet. Results: In this investigation, we performed RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes from Jianzhou Daer goat before and after differentiation, including both intramuscular preadipocytes (IMPA) vs intramuscular adipocytes (IMA) and subcutaneous preadipocytes (SPA) vs subcutaneous adipocytes (SA). A total of 289.49 G clean reads and 12,519 lncRNAs were obtained from 20 samples. In total, 4,121 differentially expressed RNAs (388 miRNAs, 182 lncRNAs and 3,551 mRNAs) were identified by pairwise comparison. There were 135 differentially expressed lncRNAs specific to intramuscular adipocytes, 39 DELs specific to subcutaneous adipocytes, and 8 DELs common to both adipocytes in these 182 DELs. Some well-known and novel pathways associated with preadipocyte differentiation were identified: fat acid metabolism, TGF-beta signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We also identified hub miRNAS in both types of fat cells and visualized them in Cytoscape. Conclusions: Our analysis revealed the unique and common lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks of two kinds of adipocytes. Several lncRNAs that regulate goat meat quality were screened out, such as XR_001918647.1, XR_001917728.1, XR_001297263.2 and LNC_004191. Our study utilized RNA-seq analysis to predict the functions of lncRNA on goat meat quality. Furthermore, our findings of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying in goat meat quality and provide a theoretical basis for further goat molecular breeding.
Early Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion: Can It Improve the Outcomes of Patients With Sepsis?
Authors: Qin Xiaoyi , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiaodan , Hu Xiang , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: So far, no study has investigated the effects of plasma transfusion in septic patients, especially in terms of prognosis. Therefore, our purpose is to explore the association of early fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion with the outcomes of septic patients.Methods: We performed a cohort study using data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅲ database (v1.4). External validation was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. We adopted the Sepsis-3 criteria to extract patients with sepsis and septic shock. The occurrence of infusion during the first 3 days of intensive care unit stay was regarded as early FFP transfusion. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. We assessed the association of early FFP transfusion with patient outcomes using cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we performed sensitivity analysis, subset analysis and external validation to verify the true strength of the results.Results: After adjusting for the covariates in 3 models respectively, the significantly higher risk of death in the FFP transfusion group at 28 days (e.g. Model 2: HR = 1.361, P = 0.018, 95% CI = 1.054–1.756) and 90 days (e.g. Model 2: HR = 1.368, P = 0.005, 95% CI = 1.099–1.704) remained distinctly. Contrarily, the mortality increased significantly with the increase of FFP transfusion volume. The outcomes of septic patients with low coagulation after early FFP transfusion were not significantly improved. Similar results can also be found in subset analysis of septic shock cohort. The results of external validation exhibited good consistency.Conclusions: Our study provides new understanding of the rationale and effectiveness of FFP transfusion for septic patients. After recognizing the evidences of risk-benefit and cost-benefit, it is important to reduce the inappropriate use of FFP and avoid unnecessary adverse transfusion reactions.
Factors Affecting Disability With Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Different Subgroups: A Hierarchical Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Miki Takahiro , Higuchi Daisuke , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Samukawa Mina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To systematically explore how disability is influenced with layers　(demographic level, pain level and psychosocial factors) in nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) in different subgroups.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that compared two different subgroups in NSLBP at two hospitals. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to analyse factors affecting disability in different groups (overall group, acute group and subacute/chronic group).Results: In the overall group (n = 235), explanatory power increased with each additional variable in the order of demographic characteristics, pain intensity and psychosocial factors. Pain intensity (ß = 0.219), Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS) (ß = 0.175) and Pain Self-Efficiency Questionnaire (PSEQ) (ß = −0.370) were significantly associated with disability. In the acute group (n = 65), explanatory power improved with each additional variable for the disability in the order of demographic characteristics, pain intensity and psychosocial factors. Ultimately, pain intensity and PSEQ had significant explanatory power, with pain having the most influence. However, in the subacute/chronic group (n = 170), explanatory power increased with each additional variable in the order of demographic characteristics, pain intensity and psychosocial factors and all, including psychosocial factors, had a strong impact, with self-efficacy having the most substantial impact on disability.Conclusion: Depending on the duration of the disease, the factors affecting the disability differed, with pain having more influence than psychosocial factors in the acute phase and psychosocial factors having more influence in the chronic phase.
Observations of Deterministic Quantum Correlation Using Coherent Light
Authors: Kim Sangbae , Ham Byoung S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation in quantum mechanics. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation over the last several decades. Regarding the quantum features based on the particle nature of photons, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entangled photon pair or what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of quantumness on anticorrelation using well defined and nearly sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a photon resolving coincidence measurement technique. As a results, unprecedented wavelength dependent first-order intensity correlation has been observed in the two-photon second-order intensity correlation with 99.9 % visibility, where this result demonstrates the anticorrelation theory in Scientific Reports 10, 7309 (2020) and opens the door to the on-demand quantum correlation control.
Inherent Sex Differences in the Expression of the Endocannabinoid System within V1M Cortex and PAG of Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Levine Aidan , Liktor-Busa Erika , Lipinski Austin A , Couture Sarah , Balasubramanian Shreya , Aicher Sue A , Langlais Paul R , Vanderah Todd W , Largent-Milnes Tally M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Several chronic pain disorders, such as migraine and fibromyalgia, have an increased prevalence in the female population. The underlying mechanisms of this sex-biased prevalence have yet to be thoroughly documented but could be related to endogenous differences in neuromodulators in pain networks, including the endocannabinoid system. The cellular endocannabinoid system is comprised of the endogenous lipid signals 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) and AEA (anandamide); the enzymes that synthesize and degrade them; and the cannabinoid receptors. The relative prevalence of different components of the endocannabinoid system in specific brain regions may alter responses to endogenous and exogenous ligands. Methods: Brain tissue from naïve male and female Sprague Dawley rats was harvested from V1M cortex, periaqueductal gray, trigeminal nerve, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Tissue was analyzed for relative levels of endocannabinoid enzymes, ligands, and receptors via mass spectrometry, unbiased proteomic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Mass spectrometry revealed cortical AEA levels were significantly higher in males compared to females (p<0.001), whereas 2-AG levels in periaqueductal grey were significantly higher in females compared to males (p<0.0001). Immunohistochemistry followed by unbiased proteomics confirmed the prevalence of 2-AG-endocannabinoid system enzymes in the female PAG.Conclusions: Our results suggest that sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system in two CNS regions relevant to cortical spreading depression (V1M cortex) and descending modulatory networks in pain/anxiety (PAG). These basal differences in endogenous endocannabinoid mechanisms may facilitate the development of chronic pain conditions and may also underlie sex differences in response to therapeutic intervention.