bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Least energy solutions to a cooperative system of Schrödinger equations with prescribed $$L^2$$-bounds: at least $$L^2$$-critical growth
Authors: Mederski Jarosław , Schino Jacopo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe look for least energy solutions to the cooperative systems of coupled Schrödinger equations$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -\Delta u_i + \lambda _i u_i = \partial _iG(u)\quad \mathrm {in} \ {\mathbb {R}}^N, \ N \ge 3,\\ u_i \in H^1({\mathbb {R}}^N), \\ \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N} |u_i|^2 \, dx \le \rho _i^2 \end{array} \right. i\in \{1,\ldots ,K\} \end{aligned}$$-Δui+λiui=∂iG(u)inRN,N≥3,ui∈H1(RN),∫RN|ui|2dx≤ρi2i∈{1,…,K}with$$G\ge 0$$G≥0, where$$\rho _i>0$$ρi>0is prescribed and$$(\lambda _i, u_i) \in {\mathbb {R}}\times H^1 ({\mathbb {R}}^N)$$(λi,ui)∈R×H1(RN)is to be determined,$$i\in \{1,\dots ,K\}$$i∈{1,⋯,K}. Our approach is based on the minimization of the energy functional over a linear combination of the Nehari and Pohožaev constraints intersected with the product of the closed balls in$$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^N)$$L2(RN)of radii$$\rho _i$$ρi, which allows to provide general growth assumptions aboutGand to know in advance the sign of the corresponding Lagrange multipliers. We assume thatGhas at least$$L^2$$L2-critical growth at 0 and admits Sobolev critical growth. The more assumptions we make aboutG,N, andK, the more can be said about the minimizers of the corresponding energy functional. In particular, if$$K=2$$K=2,$$N\in \{3,4\}$$N∈{3,4}, andGsatisfies further assumptions, then$$u=(u_1,u_2)$$u=(u1,u2)is normalized, i.e.,$$\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N} |u_i|^2 \, dx=\rho _i^2$$∫RN|ui|2dx=ρi2for$$i\in \{1,2\}$$i∈{1,2}.
Association of polygenic risk scores, traumatic life events and coping strategies with war-related PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity in the South Eastern Europe (SEE)-PTSD cohort
Authors: Weber Heike , Maihofer Adam X. , Jaksic Nenad , Bojic Elma Feric , Kucukalic Sabina , Dzananovic Emina Sabic , Uka Aferdita Goci , Hoxha Blerina , Haxhibeqiri Valdete , Haxhibeqiri Shpend , Kravic Nermina , Umihanic Mirnesa Muminovic , Franc Ana Cima , Babic Romana , Pavlovic Marko , Mehmedbasic Alma Bravo , Aukst-Margetic Branka , Kucukalic Abdulah , Marjanovic Damir , Babic Dragan , Bozina Nada , Jakovljevic Miro , Sinanovic Osman , Avdibegović Esmina , Agani Ferid , Warrings Bodo , Domschke Katharina , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Deckert Jürgen , Dzubur-Kulenovic Alma , Erhardt Angelika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by extremely stressful environmental events and characterized by high emotional distress, re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance and hypervigilance. The present study uses polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the UK Biobank (UKBB) mega-cohort analysis as part of the PGC PTSD GWAS effort to determine the heritable basis of PTSD in the South Eastern Europe (SEE)-PTSD cohort. We further analyzed the relation between PRS and additional disease-related variables, such as number and intensity of life events, coping, sex and age at war on PTSD and CAPS as outcome variables.

Methods
Association of PRS, number and intensity of life events, coping, sex and age on PTSD were calculated using logistic regression in a total of 321 subjects with current and remitted PTSD and 337 controls previously subjected to traumatic events but not having PTSD. In addition, PRS and other disease-related variables were tested for association with PTSD symptom severity, measured by the Clinician Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS) by liner regression. To assess the relationship between the main outcomes PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, each of the examined variables was adjusted for all other PTSD related variables.

Results
The categorical analysis showed significant polygenic risk in patients with remitted PTSD and the total sample, whereas no effects were found on symptom severity. Intensity of life events as well as the individual coping style were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis in both current and remitted cases. The dimensional analyses showed as association of war-related frequency of trauma with symptom severity, whereas the intensity of trauma yielded significant results independently of trauma timing in current PTSD.

Conclusions
The present PRS application in the SEE-PTSD cohort confirms modest but significant polygenic risk for PTSD diagnosis. Environmental factors, mainly the intensity of traumatic life events and negative coping strategies, yielded associations with PTSD both categorically and dimensionally with more significant p-values. This suggests that, at least in the present cohort of war-related trauma, the association of environmental factors and current individual coping strategies with PTSD psychopathology was stronger than the polygenic risk.
Accuracy of liquid-based brush cytology and HPV detection for the diagnosis and management of patients with oropharyngeal and oral cancer
Authors: Castillo Paola , de la Oliva Jorge , Alos Silvia , Perez Francisco , Vega Naiara , Vilaseca Isabel , Marti Carles , Ferrer Ada , Alos Llucia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of liquid-based brush cytology for malignancy diagnosis and HPV detection in patients with suspected oropharyngeal and oral carcinomas, as well as for the diagnosis of tumoral persistence after treatment.

Material and methods
Seventy-five patients with suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or oral cavity were included. Two different study groups were analyzed according to the date of the sample collection: (1) during the first endoscopy exploration and (2) in the first control endoscopy after treatment for squamous cell carcinoma. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for malignancy diagnosis as well as for HPV-DNA detection on brush cytologies were assessed.

Results
Before treatment, the brush cytology showed a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 88%. After treatment, it showed a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 77%, and accuracy of 75%. HPV-DNA detection in cytology samples showed a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 91% before treatment and an accuracy of 100% after treatment.

Conclusions
Liquid-based brush cytology showed good accuracy for diagnosis of oropharyngeal and oral squamous cell carcinoma before treatment, but its value decreases after treatment. Nevertheless, it is useful for HPV-DNA detection, as well as to monitor the patients after treatment.

Clinical relevance
Brush cytology samples are reliable for the detection of HPV-DNA before and after treatment and may be a useful method to incorporate in the HPV testing guidelines.
Trueness of full-arch IO scans estimated based on 3D translational and rotational deviations of single teeth—an in vitro study
Authors: Radeke Johanna , Vogel Annike B. , Schmidt Falko , Kilic Fatih , Repky Stefan , Beyersmann Jan , Lapatki Bernd G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To three-dimensionally evaluate deviations of full-arch intraoral (IO) scans from reference desktop scans in terms of translations and rotations of individual teeth and different types of (mal)occlusion.

Materials and methods
Three resin model pairs reflecting different tooth (mal)positions were mounted in the phantom head of a dental simulation unit and scanned by three dentists and three non-graduate investigators using a confocal laser IO scanner (Trios 3®). The tooth-crown surfaces of the IO scans and reference scans were superimposed by means of best-fit alignment. A novel method comprising the measurement of individual tooth positions was used to determine the deviations of each tooth in the six degrees of freedom, i.e., in terms of 3D translation and rotation. Deviations between IO and reference scans, among tooth-(mal)position models, and between dentists and non-graduate investigators were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.

Results
The overall translational deviations of individual teeth on the IO scans were 76, 32, and 58 µm in the lingual, mesial, and intrusive directions, respectively, resulting in a total displacement of 114 µm. Corresponding rotational deviations were 0.58° buccal tipping, 0.04° mesial tipping, and 0.14° distorotation leading to a combined rotation of 0.78°. These deviations were the smallest for the dental arches with anterior crowding, followed by those with spacing and those with good alignment (p < 0.05). Results were independent of the operator’s level of education.

Conclusions
Compared to reference desktop scans, individual teeth on full-arch IO scans showed high trueness with total translational and rotational deviations < 115 µm and < 0.80°, respectively.

Clinical relevance
Available confocal laser IO scanners appear sufficiently accurate for diagnostic and therapeutic orthodontic applications. Results indicate that full-arch IO scanning can be delegated to non-graduate dental staff members.
Safety and efficacy of azilsartan in paediatric patients with hypertension: a phase 3, single-arm, open-label, prospective study
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Nishiyama Yuya , Sugiura Kenkichi , Enya Kazuaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Azilsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker indicated for the treatment of adult hypertension. A previous single-dose study suggested that azilsartan may also be a promising agent for paediatric hypertension. However, the long-term safety and efficacy of azilsartan in children have not been established.

Methods
We conducted a phase 3, single-arm, open-label, prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azilsartan in pediatric patients with hypertension. Twenty-seven patients aged 6–15 years were treated with once-daily azilsartan for 52 weeks. The starting dose was 2.5 mg for patients weighing < 50 kg (N = 22) and 5 mg for patients weighing ≥ 50 kg (N = 5), with doses titrated up to a maximum of 20 and 40 mg, respectively.

Results
Azilsartan showed acceptable tolerability at doses up to 20 mg in patients weighing < 50 kg and 40 mg in those weighing ≥ 50 kg. Most drug-related adverse events (AEs) were mild, with one patient (3.7%) experiencing a severe and serious drug-related AE (acute kidney injury). One patient (3.7%) had a mild increase in serum creatinine level, which resolved after treatment discontinuation. The blood pressure-lowering effect of azilsartan was observed as early as Week 2. Overall, approximately half of the patients achieved their target blood pressure at the end of azilsartan treatment.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that azilsartan has an acceptable safety profile in hypertensive patients aged 6–15 years. Azilsartan may be a promising agent for treating paediatric hypertension.
Created by the Monte Peron rock avalanche: Lago di Vedana (Dolomites, Italy) and its sediment record of landscape evolution after a mass wasting event
Authors: Zolitschka Bernd , Polgar Irene Sophie , Behling Hermann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe timing of the Monte Peron Landslide is revised to 2890 cal. BP based on a radiocarbon-dated sediment stratigraphy of Lago di Vedana. This age fosters the importance of hydroclimatic triggers in the light of accelerating global warming with a predicted increase of precipitation enhancing the regional predisposition to large landslides. Moreover, a layer enriched in allochthonous organic and minerogenic detritus dating to the same wet period is interpreted as response to a younger and yet unidentified mass wasting event in the catchment of Lago di Vedana. Rock debris of the Monte Peron Landslide impounded the Cordevole River valley and created a landslide-dammed lake. Around AD 1150, eutrophication of this lacustrine ecosystem started with intensified human occupation – a process that ended 150 years later, when the river was diverted back into its original bed. Most likely, this occurred due to artificial opening of the river dam. In consequence, Lago di Vedana was isolated from an open and minerogenic to an endorheic and carbonaceous lacustrine system. After a monastery was established nearby in AD 1457, a second eutrophication process was initiated due to intensified land use linked with deforestation. Only in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, deposition of organic matter decreased coinciding with climatic (Little Ice Age) and cultural changes. Conversational measures are the likely reasons for a trend towards less eutrophic conditions since AD 1950.
Global cargo gravitation model: airports matter for forecasts
Authors: Baier Fabian , Berster Peter , Gelhausen Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe reliability of forecast models in the aviation sector is an important factor for industry and policy makers likewise. Expanding airports and fleets usually is a cost and time intensive process, and in order to maintain efficient market behavior, accurate anticipation of future demand and structural changes is attempted. We present a new quantitative approach to air cargo forecasts utilizing global airport-dyadic ICAO CASS data in general linearized airport fixed effects gravity models. While the strong explanatory power of our time invariant constant model has its natural difficulties predicting a variety of smaller indicators from previous models found in literature, we achieve very good results for selected time variant variables as gross domestic product per capita or kerosene prices. This makes our model a perfect tool for forecast simulations: extrapolating general economic forecast data provided by IHS Markit yield similar results to Boeing cargo forecasts (2020), with a slight decrease in the long run. Additionally, we do not need to split or control our sample in regional groups due to airport fixed effects, which makes the model on the other hand suitable for country- and airport level forecasts as well. The utilization of a large unique bilateral freight data set also helps answering classical gravity model questions in aviation: we track the distance effect to a matter of sample selection, finding no significant interaction following state of the art gravity econometrics.
Record-Making, Research, and Removal: Mitigating Impacts on Rock Art in a CRM Context in Southern Africa—the Case of the Metolong Dam, Lesotho
Authors: Arthur Charles , Mitchell Peter , Mallen Lara , Pearce David , Bonneau Adelphine , Prinsloo Frans , Mokachane Rethabile , Nthunya Pulane , Mothopeng Sheriff , King Rachel , Meyer Jess , Eoin Luíseach Nic 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on the steps taken to mitigate the impact of the Metolong Dam (Lesotho) on the rock art present within the catchment of its associated reservoir. Mitigation took four major forms: comprehensive survey and documentation, including both photography and tracing; pigment characterization and radiocarbon dating; exploration of the ongoing significance of rock art as a form of living heritage for people living in the vicinity; and removal of selected panels for permanent safekeeping. These steps are placed within the wider context of other cultural heritage management projects in Africa and their success evaluated. Recommendations are made for how similar work should be undertaken in future.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Dropout from Contemporary Psychological Intervention for Common Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Firth Nick , Barkham Michael , Delgadillo Jaime , Allery Kai , Woodward Jonathan , O’Cathain Alicia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDropout during psychological intervention is a significant problem. Previous evidence for associations with socioeconomic deprivation is mixed. This study aimed to review the evidence for associations between deprivation and dropout from contemporary adult psychological interventions for common mental disorders (CMDs). Systematic review, narrative synthesis and random effects meta-analysis of peer-reviewed English language journal articles published June 2010–June 2020 was conducted.﻿ Data sources included medline, PsycInfo, databases indexed by web of science, ProQuest social science database and sociology collection, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by forward and backward citation searching. Five studies were eligible for inclusion (mean N = 170, 68% female, 60% White Caucasian, 32% dropout rate, predominantly cognitive behaviour therapy/cognitive processing therapy). Narrative synthesis indicated an overall non-significant effect of deprivation on dropout. Meta-analytic significance of controlled (k = 3) and uncontrolled (k = 4) effects depended on the measure of deprivation included for those studies using more than one measure (controlled OR 1.21–1.32, p = 0.019–0.172, uncontrolled OR 1.28–1.76, p = 0.024–0.423). The low number of included studies meant sub-group comparisons were limited, despite some tentative indications of potential differential effects. A comparator set of excluded studies showed similar uncertainty. There was limited evidence that did not overall suggest a clear significant effect of deprivation on dropout from contemporary individual CMD interventions. However, more contemporary research is needed, as effects may vary according to clinical and methodological factors, and for dropout versus non-initiation.
Patterns of Child Mental Health Service Utilization Within a Multiple EBP System of Care
Authors: Lui Joyce H. L. , Brookman-Frazee Lauren , Vázquez Alejandro L. , Cox Julia R. , Innes-Gomberg Debbie , Taguchi Kara , Pesanti Keri , Lau Anna S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study (1) characterizes patterns of mental health service utilization over 8 years among youth who received psychotherapy in the context of a community implementation of multiple evidence-based practices (EBPs), and (2) examined youth-, provider- and service-level predictors of service use patterns. Latent profile analyses were performed on 5,663,930 administrative claims data furnished by the county department of mental health. Multinomial logistic regression with Vermunt’s method was used to examine predictors of care patterns. Based on frequency, course, cost, and type of services, three distinct patterns of care were identified: (1) Standard EBP Care (86.3%), (2) Less EBP Care (8.5%), and (3) Repeated/Chronic Care (5.2%). Youth age, ethnicity, primary language, primary diagnosis and secondary diagnosis, provider language and provider type, and caregiver involvement and service setting were significant predictors of utilization patterns. Although the majority of youth received care aligned with common child EBP protocols, a significant portion of youth (13.7%) received no evidence-based care or repeated, costly episodes of care. Findings highlight opportunities to improve and optimize services, particularly for youth who are adolescents or transition-aged, Asian-American/Pacific Islander, Spanish-speaking, or presenting with comorbidities.
Divergent temperature-specific metabolic and feeding rates of native and invasive crayfish
Authors: Ruokonen T. J. , Karjalainen J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important factors governing the activity of ectothermic species, and it plays an important but less studied role in the manifestation of invasive species impacts. In this study, we investigated temperature-specific feeding and metabolic rates of invasive and native crayfish, and evaluated how temperature regulates their ecological impacts at present and in future according to different climatic scenarios by bioenergetics modelling. We conducted a series of maximum food consumption experiments and measured the metabolic rates of cold-adapted native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) originally from a warmer environment over a temperature gradient resembling natural temperatures in Finland. The maximum feeding rates and routine metabolic rates (RMR) of native noble crayfish were significantly higher at low temperatures (< 10 °C than the rates of invasive signal crayfish. The RMRs of the species crossed at 18 °C, and the RMRs of signal crayfish were higher at temperatures above 18 °C. These findings indicate that the invader’s thermal niche has remained stable, and the potential impacts per capita are lower at suboptimal cold temperatures than for the native species. Our bioenergetics modelling showed that the direct annual predation impact of noble and signal crayfish seem similar, although the seasonal dynamics of the predation differs considerably between species. Our results highlight that the temperature-specific metabolic and feeding rates of species need to be taken into account in the impact assessment instead of simple generalisations of the direction or magnitude of impacts.
Local force titration of wood surfaces by chemical force microscopy
Authors: Gusenbauer Claudia , Peter Karolina , Cabane Etienne , Konnerth Johannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical force microcopy, a variation of atomic force microscopy, opened the door to visualize chemical nano-properties of various materials in their natural state. The key function of this method is given by translating adhesion forces between a functionalized tip and the sample to chemical surface behavior. In force titration, these adhesion forces are studied in different pH buffers, which allows estimating the pKa value of the analyzed surface. Herein, we report the use of this method to study natural and chemically treated wood surfaces, which are of interest in sustainable material design. First, we show varying adhesion phenomena of OH- and COOH-functionalized tips on native spruce wood cells. Then, we demonstrate how peak force tapping with chemically functionalized tips can be used to estimate the pKa value of gold substrates (pKa ≈ 5.2) and different wood cell wall layers with high spatial resolution. Additionally, the swelling behavior of wood samples is analyzed in varying pH buffers. With the applied method, chemical surface properties of complex natural substrates can be analyzed.
Graphical abstract
Analysing Plant Representation in Children’s Literature: The Phyto-Analysis Map
Authors: Guanio-Uluru Lykke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent biological research (Trewavas, 2003; Mancuso & Viola, 2013; Gagliano, 2018) has (re)demonstrated the variety and complexity of the adaptive behaviour of plants. In parallel with these findings, and in acknowledgement of the important role played by plants in the biosphere and climate of the planet, the representation of plants in philosophy, arts and literature has become an object of study within the environmental humanities. In response to the rapidly developing field of critical plant studies, the representation of plants in literatures for children and young adults are now accumulating. Even as the number of studies is increasing, there is as yet no cohesive framework for the analysis of plant representation in children’s literature. This article addresses this gap. Inspired by the Nature-in-Culture Matrix, an analytical figure that provides an overarching schema for ecocritical analysis of children’s texts and cultures (see Goga et al., 2018), this article presents an analytical framework for plant-oriented analysis, the Phyto-Analysis Map. This map has been developed with reference to central concepts from the field of critical plant studies, and its usefulness is elucidated through literary examples. Developed with children’s fiction in mind, the map also has potential application with children’s non-fiction, which often employs fictional textual techniques.