bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acacia longifolia (golden wattle).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. longifolia has commonly been recognized as having two variants - var. longifolia and var. sophorae. Biochemical and morphological evidence, presented by Murray et al. (1978) and Pedley (1978), suggests that var. longifolia and var. sophorae should be treated as distinct species. However, this view has not been adopted in a number of recent works, notably Whibley and Symon (1992) and Tame (1992). Further research is required to ascertain if differences in habit, morphology and habitat warrant acceptance at a higher taxonomic level. Variety longifolia occurs as a tall shrub or small tree up to 10 m tall, usually with relatively thin, linear-lanceolate phyllodes 6-15 cm long and 3-15 mm wide. Its pods are more or less straight and 3-6 mm wide. Its natural distribution extends from northern New South Wales south to Victoria and South Australia along coastal hinterlands and adjacent ranges. It grows a on range of sites in open forests or woodlands. Variety sophorae is a low spreading, prostrate shrub, 2-5 m and up to 15 m wide, with relatively thick, obovate oblong or oblong elliptic phyllodes, 5-10 cm long and 12-35 mm wide. Its natural distribution extends along the coast in southeast Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and west to the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. This variety is restricted to coastal foredunes where it forms dominant stands. A. longifolia has fast growth and is mainly grown for its ability to stabilise sand dunes (e.g. Berenhauser, 1973; Kosmer, 1975; Avis, 1989). However, in a number of countries, notably South Africa, these plantings have resulted in A. longifolia becoming a serious weed species, invading and displacing native vegetation. Integrated control operations to eradicate A. longifolia in South Africa started as early as 1943 and have had variable results (Macdonald et al., 1989). More recently, the introduction of biological controls agents, such as gall-forming wasps, have apparently been effective in locally eradicating the species (Dennill and Gordon, 1990; Dennill and Donnelly, 1991; Moll and Trinder-Smith, 1992; Manongi and Hoffmann, 1995). However, the wasps are reported to have spread to plantations of the commercially important tree species A. melanoxylon (Dennill et al., 1993). A. longifolia is also reported to have established naturalised populations in California and New Zealand (Whibley and Symon, 1992). A. longifolia is planted as an ornamental in Spain and has been trialled for its potential as a source of gum arabic in Corsica (Vassal and Mouret, 1989; Trigo and Garcia, 1990). Recently, it has also been grown as a successful substrate for the production of oyster mushrooms in South Africa (da Serra and Kirby, 1999). The seeds of var. sophorae were traditionally used as food by Australian Aborigines (Isaacs, 1987).
Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree).
Authors: Datil Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

F. religiosa is best known as a large shade tree grown in villages and locations of religious importance in south Asia. It is relatively fast-growing and deciduous, often an epiphyte when young. It grows well on a wide range of soils in semi-arid regions and is drought-resistant. F. religiosa produces good quality fodder. The leaves are used for miniature paintings. F. religiosa is a host for lac insects and some silkworms (Mabberley, 1997).
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive).
Authors: Popay Ian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A medium-sized, evergreen tree which is indigenous in western Himalaya in the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent, ascending to 2000 m. It is a slow growing, shade, drought and fire-tolerant tree, often lopped for fodder. It coppices well, produces root suckers and may also be grown from seed and cuttings. The stem is generally crooked. The wood is used for agricultural implements, turnery articles, tool handles and as a fuel. The root-stock of this species is sometimes used for grafting the European olive, O. europaea subsp. europaea. It is a useful tree for soil conservation and erosion control in its natural habitat.
Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Dixon Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. moluccanus is a medium-sized tree, reaching up to 20 m tall and with a diameter at breast height of 90 cm (Elevitch and Manner, 2006), growing in dense stands through much of the humid tropics. It grows on a wide range of sites and has become naturalized after planting in many areas. Best growth is observed in the open in areas with bimodal rainfall (Alambat, 1971). It tolerates drought and can stand moderately strong winds. It is propagated using seeds, which are recalcitrant. More research is needed on vegetative propagation. A. moluccanus is valued for its wood and for oil from the nuts, for which it is grown in plantations and in silvopastoral systems. The dense crown provides good shade for cattle, and it acts as a nurse crop for other agricultural crops. The wood is used for manufactures and in light construction. The oil from the seeds is used in the manufacture of paint, soap, shampoo, varnish and wood preservatives. The juice of the nuts can be taken internally to eradicate worms, while the seeds serve as a mild purgative. The seeds are also used to make palm sugar and as a flavouring. The soot from burnt seeds has been used in tattooing in Tonga (Aguilar, 1917; Alambat, 1971; Mabberley, 1997).
Annona squamosa (sugar apple).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. squamosa is a popular seasonal fruit with great economic importance in a number of tropical countries. It is also used as an agroforestry species, as a source of food and for honeybee cultivation. Some forms have a tendency to be seedy, which apparently deters some people from eating them. Research is needed to find a strain/provenance that produces larger and sweeter fruit containing less seed.
On the PIV/PTV uncertainty related to calibration of camera systems with refractive surfaces
Authors: Paolillo Gerardo , Astarita Tommaso 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the calibration and measurement uncertainty related to the use of different camera models in optical systems that include refractive surfaces. A refractive surface is an interface between media with different optical properties which introduces distortions in the imaging process due to the refraction of the lines-of-sight. This is an issue common to all the investigations of fluids flowing around or inside transparent solid geometries and is of relevance for a strong curvature of the solid/fluid interface. Appropriate modelling of the refractive effects is possible by integrating the pinhole camera model with a ray-tracing method, as demonstrated in a previous work (Paolillo and Astarita 2020 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.). On the other side, analytical camera models with a pure mathematical foundation, like those based on polynomials or rational functions, are classically used in the PIV/PTV community. Due to the non-linear nature of the involved distortions, the accuracy of these models in representing the imaging process in presence of refractive geometries depends strongly on the polynomial order and noise of the data used for the calibration. The current work provides a numerical estimate of the uncertainty inherent to the analytical camera models by using data generated via a reference refractive camera model. The present results show that high accuracy requires high orders, which implies a large number of calibration parameters and high demand for computational resources. In particular, the rational mapping functions exhibit superior performance compared to the polynomials, although their calibration is found to be sensitive to image noise and they might yield large extrapolation errors. An experimental verification is also reported, which shows that for the estimation of the velocity statistics a 7th order polynomial model offers results comparable to those of a refractive camera model.
Preparation and interfacial behavior of superhydrophobic TPV/ graphite fluoride composites
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Wang Xiangyu , Gao Yuyang , Zhuang Yuheng , Guo Weihong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The High-density Polyethylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Graphite Fluoride (HDPE/EPDM/GF) composites are prepared by dynamic vulcanization technology. The composites with sea-island structure which contributes to excellent mechanical properties can be easily recycled and re-thermoplasticized. A unique processing technology is designed to make graphite fluoride distributed on the phase interface of the material. The prepared phase interface with aggregated GF has very low interfacial energy, and this unique phase interface greatly improves the hydrophobicity of the material. The static WCA reaches 153° with a WSA 12° for composite containing 15 phr graphite fluoride. What’s more, the composite material has relatively good wear resistance, and when the surface of the composite material is damaged, the composite material can still maintain excellent hydrophobicity. Therefore, the superhydrophobic material prepared by this convenient method can be used for potential industrial application.
A novel method for objectively, rapidly and accurately evaluating burn depth via near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yin Meifang , Li Yongming , Luo Yongquan , Yuan Mingzhou , Armato Ubaldo , Prà Ilaria Dal , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Dayong , Wei Yating , Yang Guang , Huang Lixian , Wang Pin , Wu Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accurate and objective evaluation of burn depth is a significant challenge in burn wound care. Herein, we used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to measure the different depth of thermal burns in ex vivo porcine models. Based on the intensity of the spectral signals and the diffuse reflection theory, we extracted the optical parameters involved in functional (total hemoglobin and water content) and structural (tissue scattered size and scattered particles) features that reflect the changes in burn depth. Next, we applied support vector regression to construct a model including the optical property parameters and the burn depth. Finally, we histologically verified the burn depth data collected via NIRS. The results showed that our inversion model could achieve an average relative error of about 7.63%, while the NIRS technology diagnostic accuracy was in the range of 50 μm. For the first time, this novel technique provides physicians with real-time burn depth information objectively and accurately.
Techniques and strategies for regional anesthesia in acute burn care—a narrative review
Authors: Sheckter Clifford C , Stewart Barclay T , Barnes Christopher , Walters Andrew , Bhalla Paul I , Pham Tam N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Burn injuries and their treatments result in severe pain. Unlike traumatic injuries that are characterized by a discrete episode of pain followed by recovery, burn-injured patients endure pain for a prolonged period that lasts through wound closure (e.g. background pain, procedural pain, breakthrough pain, neuropathic pain and itch). Regional anesthesia, including peripheral nerve blocks and neuraxial/epidural anesthesia, offers significant benefits to a multimodal approach in pain treatment. A ‘regional-first’ approach to pain management can be incorporated into the workflow of burn centers through engaging regional anesthesiologists and pain medicine practitioners in the care of burn patients. A detailed understanding of peripheral nerve anatomy frames the burn clinician’s perspective when considering a peripheral nerve block/catheter. The infra/supraclavicular nerve block provides excellent coverage for the upper extremity, while the trunk can be covered with a variety of blocks including erector spinae plane and quadratus lumborum plane blocks. The lower extremity is targeted with fascia iliaca plane and sciatic nerve blocks for both donor and recipient sites. Burn centers that adopt regional anesthesia should be aware of potential complications and contraindications to prevent adverse events, including management of local anesthetic toxicity and epidural infections. Management of anticoagulation around regional anesthesia placement is crucial to prevent hematoma and nerve damage. Ultimately, regional anesthesia can facilitate a better patient experience and allow for early therapy and mobility goals that are hallmarks of burn care and rehabilitation.
Individual-Specific Areal-Level Parcellations Improve Functional Connectivity Prediction of Behavior
Authors: Kong Ru , Yang Qing , Gordon Evan , Xue Aihuiping , Yan Xiaoxuan , Orban Csaba , Zuo Xi-Nian , Spreng Nathan , Ge Tian , Holmes Avram , Eickhoff Simon , Yeo B T Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) allows estimation of individual-specific cortical parcellations. We have previously developed a multi-session hierarchical Bayesian model (MS-HBM) for estimating high-quality individual-specific network-level parcellations. Here, we extend the model to estimate individual-specific areal-level parcellations. While network-level parcellations comprise spatially distributed networks spanning the cortex, the consensus is that areal-level parcels should be spatially localized, that is, should not span multiple lobes. There is disagreement about whether areal-level parcels should be strictly contiguous or comprise multiple noncontiguous components; therefore, we considered three areal-level MS-HBM variants spanning these range of possibilities. Individual-specific MS-HBM parcellations estimated using 10 min of data generalized better than other approaches using 150 min of data to out-of-sample rs-fMRI and task-fMRI from the same individuals. Resting-state functional connectivity derived from MS-HBM parcellations also achieved the best behavioral prediction performance. Among the three MS-HBM variants, the strictly contiguous MS-HBM exhibited the best resting-state homogeneity and most uniform within-parcel task activation. In terms of behavioral prediction, the gradient-infused MS-HBM was numerically the best, but differences among MS-HBM variants were not statistically significant. Overall, these results suggest that areal-level MS-HBMs can capture behaviorally meaningful individual-specific parcellation features beyond group-level parcellations. Multi-resolution trained models and parcellations are publicly available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Kong2022_ArealMSHBM).
Rituximab in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an experimental medicine safety study
Authors: Zhao Tian X , Aetesam-Ur-Rahman Muhammad , Sage Andrew P , Victor Saji , Kurian Rincy , Fielding Sarah , Ait-Oufella Hafid , Chiu Yi-Da , Binder Christoph J , Mckie Mikel , Hoole Stephen P , Mallat Ziad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
In pre-clinical models of acute myocardial infarction (MI), mature B cells mobilize inflammatory monocytes into the heart, leading to increased infarct size and deterioration of cardiac function, whilst anti-CD20 antibody-mediated depletion of B cells limits myocardial injury and improves cardiac function. Rituximab is a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody targeted against human B cells. However, its use in cardiovascular disease is untested and is currently contraindicated. Therefore, we assessed the safety, feasibility, and pharmacodynamic effect of rituximab given to patients with acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI).

Methods and results
Rituximab in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (RITA-MI) was a prospective, open-label, dose-escalation, single-arm, phase 1/2a clinical trial, which tested rituximab administered as a single intravenous dose in patients with STEMI within 48 h of symptom onset. Four escalating doses (200, 500, 700, and 1000 mg) were used. The primary endpoint was safety, whilst secondary endpoints were changes in circulating immune cell subsets including B cells, and cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. A total of 24 patients were dosed. Rituximab appeared well tolerated. Seven serious adverse events were reported, none of which were assessed as being related to the rituximab infusion. Rituximab caused a mean 96.3% (95% confidence interval 93.8–98.8%) depletion of circulating B cells within 30 min of starting the infusion. Maximal B-cell depletion was seen at Day 6, which was significantly lower than baseline for all doses (P &lt; 0.001). B-cell repopulation at 6 months was dose-dependent, with modulation of returning B-cell subsets. Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) levels were not affected during the 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
A single infusion of rituximab appears safe when given in the acute STEMI setting and substantially alters circulating B-cell subsets. We provide important new insight into the feasibility and pharmacodynamics of rituximab in acute STEMI, which will inform further clinical translation of this potential therapy.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03072199 at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
High-statin adherence over 5 years of follow-up is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from the IMPRES study
Authors: May Heidi T , Knowlton Kirk U , Anderson Jeffrey L , Lappé Donald L , Bair Tami L , Muhlestein Joseph B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Despite proven benefits of LDL-C lowering among those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), statin adherence remains low. Very little real-world data exist on the effect of long-term statin adherence on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and results
A total of 7339 patients ≥18 years first diagnosed with ASCVD with a statin prescription within 12 months of diagnosis who had 5 years of continuous Select Health insurance or died during Years 2–5, while a member was studied. The proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated using pharmacy claims for statin use by year, and patients were stratified into pre-defined categories: fully adherent [PDC ≥ 80% for Years 1–5 or until death, n = 353 (4.8%)], short-term-adherent [PDC ≥ 80% for Years 1–3, n = 330 (4.5%)], early-adherent only [PDC ≥ 80% for Year 1, n = 890 (12.1%)], complex-adherent (PDC ≥ 80% in any of Years 2–5, but not Year 1, n = 1292 [17.6%]), and non-adherent [PDC &lt; 80% for Years 1–5 or until death, n = 3942 (72.1%)]. Patients were followed for major adverse clinical events (MACE = death, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Patients averaged 56.4 ± 9.6 years and 76.5% were male. During Year 1, statin adherence was poor, with PDC &lt; 20% in 4007 (54.6%) patients and PDC ≥80% in 1573 (21.4%) patients, which dropped to 16.9% by Year 5. Increased adherence was associated with significantly fewer MACE (11.6%, 17.9%, 21.9%, 21.1%, and 26.4% for those fully adherent, short-term adherent, early-adherent only, complex-adherent, and non-adherent, respectively, P-trend &lt; 0.0001). After adjustment, fully adherent was associated with a significant decrease in MACE (hazard ratio = 0.51, 0.37–0.71).

Conclusion
Among ASCVD patients with at least 5 years of continuous pharmacy benefits, long-term adherence to statins was associated with decreased long-term MACE in a linear-fashion.
New Responses to the Legitimacy Crisis of International Institutions: The Role of ‘Civil Society’ and the Rise of the Principle of Participation of ‘The Most Affected’ in International Institutional Law
Authors: von Bernstorff Jochen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article offers a description and assessment of the most important discursive strategies used to enhance and justify various models of ‘civil-society participation’ in international institutions since the late 19th century. It starts from the assumption that the two main rationales for, or concepts of, ‘civil-society’ participation are functionalism and democratization. The article also notes that, as an offshoot of the democratization rationale, a new empirical and discursive 21st-century trend has partially replaced classic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with so-called ‘affected person’s organizations’ in international institutions. In this context, the article claims that the field of international institutional law is currently witnessing the rise of a principle of participation of ‘the most affected’. This shift arguably is an institutional strategy to respond to a profound legitimacy crisis of both international NGOs and the so-called ‘global governance’ structures shaped over the last 30 years. Against the backdrop of various theoretical approaches to the problem of representation and affectedness in political philosophy and international law, the article critically assesses if, and to what extent, the involvement of ‘the most affected’ in international organizations can alter the legitimacy resources of international law and its institutions.
An algorithm to personalise the diagnosis of recurrent implantation failure based on theoretical cumulative implantation rate
Authors: Rozen Genia , Rogers Peter , Teh Wan Tinn , Stern Catharyn J , Polyakov Alex 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is an imprecisely defined disorder lacking a robust scientific basis. The incomplete understanding of RIF provides significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, and a better understanding of the underlying issues is necessary to improve outcomes. We propose a novel concept termed ‘Theoretical Cumulative Implantation Rate’, the calculation of which is based on objective data, to define whether a patient should be diagnosed with RIF. An updated definition to assist with patient counselling and planning research studies, which is more precise and standardised, is well overdue.
The Stability of an Isolate of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage in Aerosols Is Similar to 3 Earlier Isolates
Authors: Schuit Michael , Biryukov Jennifer , Beck Katie , Yolitz Jason , Bohannon Jordan , Weaver Wade , Miller David , Holland Brian , Krause Melissa , Freeburger Denise , Williams Gregory , Wood Stewart , Graham Amanda , Rosovitz M J , Bazinet Adam , Phillips Aaron , Lovett Sean , Garcia Karla , Abbott Elliott , Wahl Victoria , Ratnesar-Shumate Shanna , Dabisch Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Our laboratory previously examined the influence of environmental conditions on the stability of an early isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/USA/WA-1/2020) in aerosols generated from culture medium or simulated saliva. However, genetic differences have emerged among SARS-CoV-2 lineages, and it is possible that these differences may affect environmental stability and the potential for aerosol transmission.

Methods
The influence of temperature, relative humidity, and simulated sunlight on the decay of 4 SARS-CoV-2 isolates in aerosols, including 1 belonging to the recently emerged B.1.1.7 lineage, were compared in a rotating drum chamber. Aerosols were generated from simulated respiratory tract lining fluid to represent aerosols originating from the deep lung.

Results
No differences in the stability of the isolates were observed in the absence of simulated sunlight at either 20°C or 40°C. However, a small but statistically significant difference in the stability was observed between some isolates in simulated sunlight at 20°C and 20% relative humidity.

Conclusions
The stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols does not vary greatly among currently circulating lineages, including B.1.1.7, suggesting that the increased transmissibility associated with recent SARS-CoV-2 lineages is not due to enhanced survival in the environment.