bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair trade governance: revisiting a framework to analyse challenges and opportunities for sustainable development towards a green economy
Authors: Ribeiro-Duthie A. Cristina , Gale Fred , Murphy-Gregory Hannah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a relatively new form of non-state governance, the fair trade movement presents an opportunity to promote sustainable production and consumption and hence social change. Global market demands and consumer engagement denote changes in social practices that have led governments to share decision-making processes with private sector and non-governmental organisations. In this context of change, it is important to consider not only whether new forms of governance weaken or strengthen states’ authority within the marketplace but also the extent to which they may allow for “green washing” instead of the green economy proposed by the United Nations Environmental Program. This study considers the fair trade of food production and consumption as a potential innovative model. In doing so it examines the existing general literature on governance, which highlights that decision-making processes tend to reproduce top-down approaches. While such practices may reproduce conventional hierarchies, it is worth questioning the potential of new forms of governance within global markets. This article builds on a sustainability governance analytical framework to deepen understandings of fair trade governance and its possible responses to the dilemmas of food production for ethical consumption and thus sustainable development in transnational relations. This research aims to contribute to the literature on improving compliance with global sustainability standards and through this, inform practices that allow for cooperation towards a green economy.
Polar Gini Curve: A Technique to Discover Gene Expression Spatial Patterns from Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh , Jeevan Jacob John , Xu Nuo , Chen Jake Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we describe the development of Polar Gini Curve, a method for characterizing cluster markers by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Polar Gini Curve combines the gene expression and the 2D coordinates (“spatial”) information to detect patterns of uniformity in any clustered cells from scRNA-seq data. We demonstrate that Polar Gini Curve can help users characterize the shape and density distribution of cells in a particular cluster, which can be generated during routine scRNA-seq data analysis. To quantify the extent to which a gene is uniformly distributed in a cell cluster space, we combine two polar Gini curves (PGCs)—one drawn upon the cell-points expressing the gene (the “foreground curve”) and the other drawn upon all cell-points in the cluster (the “background curve”). We show that genes with highly dissimilar foreground and background curves tend not to uniformly distributed in the cell cluster—thus having spatially divergent gene expression patterns within the cluster. Genes with similar foreground and background curves tend to uniformly distributed in the cell cluster—thus having uniform gene expression patterns within the cluster. Such quantitative attributes of PGCs can be applied to sensitively discover biomarkers across clusters from scRNA-seq data. We demonstrate the performance of the Polar Gini Curve framework in several simulation case studies. Using this framework to analyze a real-world neonatal mouse heart cell dataset, the detected biomarkers may characterize novel subtypes of cardiac muscle cells. The source code and data for Polar Gini Curve could be found at http://discovery.informatics.uab.edu/PGC/ or https://figshare.com/projects/Polar_Gini_Curve/76749.
Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Liao Xingmei , Zhao Siru , Yin Junhua , Liu Li , Liang Jinlin , Jiang Yiyue , Yu Ning , Fan Rong , Zhong Chunxiu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSexual dysfunction (SD) is an increasingly serious global problem that has adverse effects on the physical and mental health of patients.AimThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD and its related factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsA total of 673 outpatients with CHB from October 2019 to December 2020 were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical information was collected at enrolment. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale was used to evaluate SD.OutcomesThe primary outcome measure was the prevalence of SD in CHB patients and its associated factors. Secondary outcomes were the corresponding scores in five domains of ASEX: drive, arousal, lubrication and/or erection, orgasm and satisfaction from orgasm.ResultsThe average age of patients was 47.0 years, with 85.6% male and 88.1% with cirrhosis. The SD prevalence was 25.4% and was increased with the decrease in liver function reserve (Child-Pugh A vs Child-Pugh B: 24.6% vs 44.8%, P = .016), the progression of liver fibrosis (FIB-4 &lt; 1.45, 1.45-3.25, and &gt; 3.25: 21.3%, 26.5%, and 34.4%, respectively; P &lt; .001), and the aggravation of depression (without, mild, and moderate to severe: 18.1%, 33.6%, and 34.2%, respectively; P &lt; .001). In multivariate analysis, SD was independently correlated with female sex (OR: 5.627, 95% CI: 3.501 - 9.044, P &lt; .001), liver fibrosis (OR: 1.730, 95% CI: 1.054 - 2.842, P = .030), depression (OR: 2.290, 95% CI: 1.564 - 3.354, P &lt; .001), and frequent diarrhea and/or upper respiratory tract infection/urinary system infection (OR: 2.162, 95% CI: 1.313-3.560, P = .002).Clinical ImplicationsThis study revealed the current situation of SD in CHB patients in China, and appealed to clinicians to pay attention to the physical and mental health of the CHB patients.Strengths and LimitationsThis study has a large sample size and detailed demographic and clinical data. It evaluated the relationship between SD and liver function reserve and liver fibrosis degree, and compared gender differences of SD. However, this study is a cross-sectional study design and does not include healthy controls. The effects of conflicts between the couple, SD in a partner, antidepressants and hormone changes on SD were not analyzed.ConclusionSD in CHB patients was highly prevalent, and its prevalence increased significantly with the deterioration of liver function reserve, liver fibrosis and depression. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to further explore its causality.
The wisp of an outline ≈ Storying ontology as environmental inquiry↔education :–)
Authors: Jukes Scott , Clarke David , Mcphie Jamie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThey thought they feltsomething, perhaps. The wisp of an outline not distinct enough to trace. Good. They circled it, at times, and at other times found themselves within. As they walked (a sort of walking. Figurative but real. Digital, but here. Over months of events), it curled open and headed in several directions. Foldings in the backcloth that furrowed them along until, as they walked and talked, they felt that perhaps a territory was becoming simultaneously clearer and more obscure, that they might find a way to enquire, even as it meant becoming the folds themselves. As they coalesce, Scott, Jamie, and Dave each come to this project differently (of course). From their own situations, with their own problems and with different voices and ways of writing. We (for the first shift in voice) take post-qualitative inquiry to be infused with a question mark, wary of attempts to make it a ‘thing’. Yet here we are, drawn to potentials, to the opening of conditions, to the possibility of something still to come. We hope to make a shift, to realise (as in make manifest) ontology and its everyday performance as synonymous with environmental education. Environmental education asa life.
Interplay of Holocene surface faulting and climate in the Central Po Plain, Italy
Authors: Zanchi Andrea , Ravazzi Cesare , Cavallin Angelo , Deaddis Massimiliano , De Amicis Mattia , Arosio Tito , Marchetti Mauro , Vezzoli Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the recent events marking the late Quaternary history of the Po Plain (N-Italy) is of overriding importance to decipher the record of depositional versus erosional phases, and their interplay with climatic, tectonic, and human forcing. We reconstructed the structural setting and chronostratigraphy of a Holocene succession crosscut by a thrust fault located south of Montodine (Cremona, Italy) within the Po Plain. The fault shows a maximum displacement up to one meter. Radiocarbon dating fixes a minimum age of 11.9 cal ka BP for the postglacial river entrenchment and constrains the fault movement age between 5.9 and 3.4 cal ka BP. Undeformed Late Medieval coarse gravels cover the faulted succession. Due to the outcrop position, lying above the buried frontal thrusts of the Southern Alps and North Apennines, we propose that faulting results from secondary surface effects induced by seismic shaking. We discuss two main mechanisms, both related to lateral spreading, that can result in the formation of reverse faults close to the surface. The Soncino area, recording one of the strongest historical earthquakes of the central Po Plain (1802), is considered as a possible source for seismic shaking. The results of this study are a contribution for the assessment of the potential seismic hazard in one of the most populated regions of Europe.
Assessing data accuracy in a large multi-institutional quality improvement registry: an update from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC4)
Authors: Schuette Jennifer , Zaccagni Hayden , Donohue Janet , Bushnell Julie , Veneziale Kelly , Gaies Michael , Tabbutt Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:The Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC4) is a multi-institutional quality improvement registry focused on the care delivered in the cardiac ICU for patients with CHD and acquired heart disease. To assess data quality, a rigorous procedure of data auditing has been in place since the inception of the consortium.Materials and methods:This report describes the data auditing process and quantifies the audit results for the initial 39 audits that took place after the transition from version one to version two of the registry’s database.Results:In total, 2219 total encounters were audited for an average of 57 encounters per site. The overall data accuracy rate across all sites was 99.4%, with a major discrepancy rate of 0.52%. A passing score is based on an overall accuracy of >97% (achieved by all sites) and a major discrepancy rate of <1.5% (achieved by 38 of 39 sites, with 35 of 39 sites having a major discrepancy rate of <1%). Fields with the highest discrepancy rates included arrhythmia type, cardiac arrest count, and current surgical status.Conclusions:The extensive PC4 auditing process, including initial and routinely scheduled follow-up audits of every participating site, demonstrates an extremely high level of accuracy across a broad array of audited fields and supports the continued use of consortium data to identify best practices in paediatric cardiac critical care.
Urbanization Aggravates Effects of Global Warming on Local Atmospheric Drying
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Hao Lu , Sun Ge , Yang Zong‐Liang , Li Wenhong , Chen Dongxu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUrbanization is known to cause ‘Urban Heat Island’ (UHI) and elevate storm runoff. However, how urbanization influences local atmospheric moisture under global warming is not well‐understood. By examining 140 paired urban‐rural weather station data (1980–2018), this study finds significant declines in atmospheric humidity or the ‘Urban Dry Island’ (UDI) in multiple large city clusters across a large climatic gradient in China. Global warming, UHI, and reduction in local evapotranspiration and water vapor supplies all contribute to the observed UDI. The magnitude and frequency of UDI are more pronounced in humid regions than arid regions due to differences in background climate and vegetation characteristics that affect both energy and water balances at land surfaces. Mitigating the negative effects of UDI and UHI should focus on restoring the evapotranspiration power of urban ecosystems. The present empirical analyses provide new evidence and mechanistic understanding of environmental change in urban ecosystems.
Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Data
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Arras C. , Andoh S. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinagawa H. , Harding B. J. , Englert C. R. , Immel T. J. , Sobhkhiz‐Miandehi S. , Stolle C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study examines the role of the vertical wind shear for Es, using signal‐to‐noise ratio profiles from COSMIC‐2 radio occultation measurements and concurrent measurements of neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer. It is observed that the Es occurrence rate and average S4 index are correlated with the negative vertical shear of the eastward wind, providing observational support for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical wind shear is positive, which is interpreted as metallic ion layers generated at an earlier time.
Topography and Gravity Reveal Denser Cratonic Lithospheric Mantle Than Previously Thought
Authors: Wang Yaoyi , Liu Lijun , Zhou Quan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe density structure of the cratonic lithospheric mantle (CLM) remains debated. We suggest that one important reason for which many geodynamic studies favor neutrally buoyant CLM is that they adopted separate reference frames when estimating the isostatic effects of continental and oceanic lithosphere, while instead a globally consistent one should be used. This reflects a misconception that continental crust perfectly balances the surrounding oceanic lithosphere. Using a unified global reference frame with recent constraints on crustal properties and residual topography, we show that assuming neutrally buoyant CLM leads to prominent negative residual topography (∼−1.3 km) and positive residual gravity (∼354 mGal) within cratons relative to oceans, neither of which can be explained by the effects of the convecting mantle. This requires the CLM, especially that with thick keels, to be less compositionally buoyant and denser than previously thought, a conclusion supporting recent observations on CLM deformation.
Activation of Abundant Recoil Leaders and Their Promotion Effect on the Negative‐End Breakdown in an Intracloud Lightning Flash
Authors: Jiang Rubin , Yuan Shanfeng , Qie Xiushu , Liu Mingyuan , Wang Dongfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA unique intracloud (IC) lightning flash with multiple positive leader branches spreading out from the same point is studied using simultaneous high‐speed images, electromagnetic (EM) field changes, and radiation source mapping. A channel of the positive leader protruded from the cloud and induced a bidirectional luminous segment at tens of meters ahead of the leader tip. They led to a small‐scale attachment where multiple channels successively emerged and propagated toward diverse directions. The propagation mode of the positive leader experienced a noticeable transition from stable and smooth channel extension to active development accompanied with frequent recoil leaders, attribute to the arrival of an impulsive current wave induced by the in‐cloud activity. We find solid evidence that long recoil leader activated the negative‐end breakdown with a regular EM pulse train. The back‐and‐forth interaction from the opposite ends of the associated channel is revealed.
Climate Variability Masked Greening Effects on Water Yield in the Yangtze River Basin During 2001–2018
Authors: Zhang Jiehao , Zhang Yulong , Sun Ge , Song Conghe , Li Jiangfeng , Hao Lu , Liu Ning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapid global vegetation greening has been observed for the past two decades, but its implications to the hydrological cycle are not well understood in many regions, including the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). This study used a remote sensing‐driven ecosystem model, the Coupled Carbon and Water model, to fully examine the individual and combined hydrological effects of vegetation and climate changes through a series of modeling experiments. During the study period (2001–2018), the vegetation showed a significant greening trend with the mean annual normalized difference vegetation index increasing at a rate of 0.4% per year (p < 0.001). In contrast, climate exhibited a marginal wetting trend with annual precipitation increasing at a rate of 6.7 mm/yr (p = 0.08). Annual evapotranspiration (ET) in the YRB significantly increased (3.1 mm/yr,p = 0.01) primarily due to enhanced ecosystem productivity associated with vegetation greening, rather than climatic factors. However, the enhancement in ET did not lead to a significant decline in total water yield at the YRB scale. The large inter‐annual variability of precipitation masked the effects of vegetation greening on water yield. Overall, our study indicated that the recent land “greening up” has accelerated the regional hydrological cycle through increasing ET and resulted in enhanced risks of water resource shortage. Our findings highlighted the close connection between land cover dynamics and hydrological cycle under climate variability in one of the world’s largest river systems. Effective basin water resource management must consider hydrological response to vegetation greening and climate change.
Histone lysine methacrylation is a dynamic post-translational modification regulated by HAT1 and SIRT2
Authors: Delaney Kyle , Tan Minjia , Zhu Zhesi , Gao Jinjun , Dai Lunzhi , Kim Sunjoo , Ding Jun , He Maomao , Halabelian Levon , Yang Lu , Nagarajan Prabakaran , Parthun Mark Robert , Lee Sangkyu , Khochbin Saadi , Zheng Yujun George , Zhao Yingming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistone lysine crotonylation is a posttranslational modification with demonstrated functions in transcriptional regulation. Here we report the discovery of a new type of histone posttranslational modification, lysine methacrylation (Kmea), corresponding to a structural isomer of crotonyllysine. We validate the identity of this modification using diverse chemical approaches and further confirm the occurrence of this type of histone mark by pan specific and site-specific anti-methacryllysine antibodies. In total, we identify 27 Kmea modified histone sites in HeLa cells using affinity enrichment with a pan Kmea antibody and mass spectrometry. Subsequent biochemical studies show that histone Kmea is a dynamic mark, which is controlled by HAT1 as a methacryltransferase and SIRT2 as a de-methacrylase. Altogether, these investigations uncover a new type of enzyme-catalyzed histone modification and suggest that methacrylyl-CoA generating metabolism is part of a growing number of epigenome-associated metabolic pathways.
Structural mechanism for the selective phosphorylation of DNA-loaded MCM double hexamers by the Dbf4-dependent kinase
Authors: Greiwe Julia F. , Miller Thomas C. R. , Locke Julia , Martino Fabrizio , Howell Steven , Schreiber Anne , Nans Andrea , Diffley John F. X. , Costa Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLoading of the eukaryotic replicative helicase onto replication origins involves two MCM hexamers forming a double hexamer (DH) around duplex DNA. During S phase, helicase activation requires MCM phosphorylation by Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), comprising Cdc7 and Dbf4. DDK selectively phosphorylates loaded DHs, but how such fidelity is achieved is unknown. Here, we determine the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DDK in the act of phosphorylating a DH. DDK docks onto one MCM ring and phosphorylates the opposed ring. Truncation of the Dbf4 docking domain abrogates DH phosphorylation, yet Cdc7 kinase activity is unaffected. Late origin firing is blocked in response to DNA damage via Dbf4 phosphorylation by the Rad53 checkpoint kinase. DDK phosphorylation by Rad53 impairs DH phosphorylation by blockage of DDK binding to DHs, and also interferes with the Cdc7 active site. Our results explain the structural basis and regulation of the selective phosphorylation of DNA-loaded MCM DHs, which supports bidirectional replication.
Flux profile at focal area of concentrating solar dishes
Authors: Foulaadvand M. Ebrahim , Aghamohammadi Amir , Karimi Parvin , Borzouei Hadi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analytically, experimentally and computationally explore the solar radiation flux distribution in the interior region of a spherical mirror and compare it to that of a paraboloidal one with the same aperture area. Our investigation has been performed in the framework of geometrical optics. It is shown that despite one can assign a quasi focus, at half the radius, to a spherical mirror, the light concentration occurs as well on an extended line region which starts at half-radius on the optical axis. In contrast to a paraboloidal concentrator, a spherical mirror can concentrate the radiation parallel to its optical axis both in a point-focus and in a line-focus manner. The envelope of the reflected rays is also obtained. It is shown that the flux distribution has an axial symmetry. The radial dependence of the flux on a flat circular receiver is obtained. The flux longitudinal dependence is shown to exhibit three distinctive regions in the interval [0, R] (R is mirror radius). We obtain the radiational (optical) concentration ratio characteristics and find the optimal location of the flat receiver of a given size at which the concentration ratio is maximised. In contrast to a parabolic mirror, it is shown that this location depends on the receiver size. Our findings offers that in spherical mirrors one can alternatively use a line receiver and gains a considerable thermal energy harvest. Our results are supported by Monte Carlo ray tracing performed by Zemax optical software. Experimental validation has been performed in lab with a silver-coated lens as the spherical mirror.
English goalkeepers are not responsible for England’s poor performance in penalty shootouts in the past
Authors: Brinkschulte Michel , Furley Philip , Klemp Maximilian , Memmert Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScrutinizing public opinion is one of the central goals of science as the divergence between public opinion and scientific evidence can have negative consequences. The present study aims to further investigate the alleged English ‘penalty curse’ and determine if it can be linked to the prevalent stereotype of the ‘English goalkeeper problem’. We analyzed a large sample of 2379 penalty kicks that 629 different goalkeepers faced in World Cups and European Championships, as well as in the Champions and Europa League by comparing the goalkeeper success rates of different nations by fitting a generalized linear model (binomial regression) to the data. However, the results do not reveal meaningful differences between the success rates (on average 22.23%). Consequently, we conclude that English goalkeepers are not responsible for England’s poor performance in penalties in the past as they perform as well as goalkeepers from other nations and, in turn, provide a counterargument to the widespread stereotype that ‘England has a goalkeeper problem’.
Selective electro-oxidation of phenol to 1,4-hydroquinone employing carbonaceous electrodes: surface modification is the key
Authors: Baravkar Mayur D. , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V. 
Published: December 2021

The oxidation of phenol to 1,4-hydroquinone with high conversion, remarkable selectivity and an excellent yield (87% isolated) has been accomplished under electrolytic conditions in an aqueous medium with surface modified carbon-based electrodes.