bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Business Age, Scale & Risk in Debt Financing Choices for the Pakistani Textile & Apparel Industry
Authors: Bashir Zahid , Arshad Muhammad Usman , Asif Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad , Ali Hasnain 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The motivation for this research enquiry is to identify the role of the business age, size and risk for the choice of debt financing in the textile and apparel sector of Pakistan along with other controlled factors. The textile and apparel sector of Pakistan comprises 464 listed entities as the targeted population while the study randomly finalized 60 firms as the sample after carefully analyzing the required information from the financial statements during the annual revenue streams of 2013-2019. The predicted variable for this research enquiry is measured by short, long and total-debt ratios while the predictor variables include the business age, firm’s scale and risk. In addition, the research includes tax shield, tangibility, liquidity, profitability, and growth as the controlling factors. The study estimated that the choice of total-debt ratio is strongly affected by business age, size and risk along-with tax shield, tangibility, liquidity and profitability while the choice of short-term debt ratio mainly depends upon the firm’s scale and age along with the tax shield. In addition, the choice of long-term debt ratio is strongly explained by the firm’s scale and age along with the tax shield, liquidity and profitability. The estimated evidence provides management with the implications for the textile and apparel sector of Pakistan to consider as significant factors in deciding the debt financing choice of this sector. The estimated evidence of this research enquiry applies to the non-financial textile sector only and cannot be generalized to the financial sector. Future research may enhance the financing choice towards the inclusion of equity financing with the same set of variables.
Pertumbuhan planlet anggrek Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. pada tahap subkultur dengan variasi media
Authors: Pratama Fakhri Fadhlurrohman , Setiari Nintya , Nurchayati Yulita 
Published: July 2021

Cymbidium bicolor merupakan salah satu anggrek di Indonesia yang memiliki bunga yang indah dan tahan lama, sehingga berpotensi menjadi tanaman hias. Bunga anggrek C. bicolor mulai banyak dieksploitasi dari alam karena memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode untuk perbanyakan yaitu kultur jaringan tumbuhan. Salah satu tahap pada kultur jaringan tumbuhan adalah subkultur. Jenis media yang digunakan pada tahap subkultur mempengaruhi pertumbuhan planlet. Media yang digunakan antara lain Murashige and Skoog (MS), Vacin and Went (VW), dan New Phalaenopsis (NP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis media berbeda pada tahap subkultur. Metode yang digunakan adalah kultur jaringan tumbuhan pada tahap subkultur planlet ke media perlakuan (MS, VW, dan NP). Planlet C. bicolor disubkultur dalam media MS, VW, NP dan diamati selama 2 bulan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kemunculan daun, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar, dan jumlah tunas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu Jenis Media dengan 15 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan jenis media berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter. Media MS merupakan media terbaik untuk kemunculan daun (11 hari), jumlah daun (4.92), panjang daun (1,56 cm), lebar daun (0,33 cm), jumlah akar (2,67), panjang akar (2,73 cm), dan jumlah tunas (4,00). Media MS merupakan media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan C. bicolor pada tahap subkultur.
Infiltrasi Neutrofil Pada Penyembuhan Luka Insisi Gingiva Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Vitamin D
Authors: Hervina Hervina , Syahriel Dwis , Prawira I Gusti Ngurah Gede Swarga 
Published: July 2021

Latar belakang: Prevalensi periodontitis di Indonesia sebesar 74,1% lebih tinggi dibandingkan negara-negara lainnya di dunia. Perawatan periodontitis seperti tindakan bedah periodontal meliputi tindakan insisi akan menimbulkan luka pada gingiva. Penyembuhan luka pada rongga mulut harus diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi infeksi. Vitamin D memiliki efek antiinflamasi sebagai imunomodulator dalam mekanisme penyembuhan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan efek antiinflamasi vitamin D terhadap infiltrasi neutrofil pada luka insisi gingiva tikus wistar. Metode: Rancangan post test only control group design pada 24 sampel yang dilakukan insisi pada gingiva labial insisivus rahang bawah, dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: kontrol yaitu tanpa pemberian perawatan observasi hari ke-1 (K1) dan hari ke-3 (K2); perlakuan 1 (pemberian vitamin D 1000 IU per-oral/perhari) observasi hari ke-1 (P1) dan hari ke-3 (P2), perlakuan 2 (pemberian vitamin D 1000 IU per-oral/hari dan Povidone iodin 1% secara topikal ) observasi hari ke-1 (P3) dan hari ke-3 (P4). Pembuatan preparat dari jaringan gingiva area insisi dengan pewarnaan HE dan perhitungan jumlah sel neutrofil menggunakan mikroskop pembesaran 400 kali. Analisis data dengan Uji One Way Anova kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan rerata jumlah neutrofil pada keenam kelompok nilai F = 12,03 dan p = 0,000. Perbedaan terdapat pada P1-K1 (p=0,000), P1-P3 (p=0,021), P1-P2 (p=0,047), P3-K1 (p=0,01), P2-K2 (p=0,002), P2-K4 (p=0,047). Simpulan: Infiltrasi neutrofil pada penyembuhan luka insisi gingiva tikus lebih tinggi pada pemberian vitamin D pada hari ke-1 dibanding kontrol, dan infiltrasi neutrofil hari ke-3 lebih rendah dibanding hari ke-1 setelah pemberian vitamin D.
ANALISA FRAMING PEMBERITAAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19 DI MEDIA ONLINE
Authors: HERLINA OKTAFIANI 
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus has caused social, economic, and phsychological effects all over the world. Thisvirus is easy to spread and can pose a risk of death. Indonesia is one of the countries most affected bythis virus. At the beginning of its appearance, the information about those overflowed in the massmedia. The media inform about Covid-19 and government policies in handling the virus. This textbased qualitative research was conducted by framing analysis. Robert Entmant's framing scheme isused to describe the reality of reporting on government policies related to handling of Covid-19 inonline media. The data collection techniques is through observation, documentation, and literaturestudy. The research process is carried out by interpreting the stage of defining the problem,estimating problems, making moral decisions and emphasizing the solution. As a result, the newsframing of the handling of Covid-19 was built in line with the policies conveyed by the government inthe mass media. Public communication carried out by the government can determine the direction ofthe news narrative in the media. The policies taken by the government always have a political,economic, and health narrative. These three things become a narrative that can not be separated inthe news. The media often criticize government policies which are often inappropriate anduncoordinated so they are fed up with those informations sooner. The media should be able to givehope to the public to be optimistic and enthusiastic in dealing with the pandemic situation.
Keywords: Covid-19, Coronavirus, Media, Framing
Crime Victims Protection in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Recent Victim Protection Acts
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud 
Published: July 2021

The Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985) ensures the protection of victims of crime. Basically, the implementation of this international declaration depends on the domestic law of each state. Indonesia has promulgated Act No. 13 of 2006 concerning Witness and Victim Protection (Witness and Victim Protection Act) and its Amendment (Act No. 31 of 2014) to give protection of the victim, although not fully adopted the principles contained in the declaration. This article aims to analyze the protection of the victims under the recent Indonesian victim protection Acts and to examine to what extent the Acts in line with the declaration. It is a normative legal research that collects sources from libraries, databases, and archives. This research suggested that Witness and Victim Protection Act has provided the protection to the victim that is limited to victims of a grave violation of human rights, terrorism, trafficking, torture, sexual crime, and serious assaults in the form of compensation (only for a grave violation of human rights and terrorism), restitution and certain assistances under the auspices of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). However, this Act is not yet fully in line with the Declaration, particularly with regard to the right of victims to be present in the criminal justice process to express their views when it comes to their personal interests.
Transformasi Kearifan Lokal Terkait Kasus Pertambangan Rakyat dalam Kebijakan Daerah
Authors: Rahayu Derita Prapti , Faisal Faisal , Darwance Darwance , Dedoe Amir 
Published: July 2021

Secara umum sektor pertambangan selama ini memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar bagi perekonomian Indonesia serta daerah-daerah yang menjadi lokasi pertambangan. Situasi khusus terjadi pada pertambangan rakyat di wilayah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung yang justru menyisakan sejumlah kasus yang belum terselesaikan. Hanya saja, pemerintah daerah setempat nampaknya belum mangakomodir kearifan lokal untuk menyelesaikan kasus pertambangan rakyat dalam bentuk kebijakan daerah (baik peraturan ataupun penetapan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kearifan lokal terkait pertambangan rakyat tertransformasi ke dalam kebijakan daerah agar tetap lestari, berkembang, dan ditaati oleh masyarakat dengan penuh kesadaran. Artikel inimerupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengidentifikasi peraturan perundang-undangan terkait adakah peluang mentransformasi kearifan lokal ke dalam kebijakan daerah.Bahan hukum primer diperoleh dari peraturan perundang-undangan terkait danbahan hukum sekunder berupa sumber kepustakaan danartikel-artikel ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kearifan lokal pada aktivitas pertambangan rakyat tidak terakomodir dalam kebijakan daerah sehubungan dengan keterbatasan kewenangan daerah dalam sektortersebut. Pintu masuk untuk mentransformasikan kearifan lokal ke dalam produk hukum daerah justru terdapat pada kewenangan pemerintah daerah baik provinsi maupun kabupaten/kota di bidang pengelolaan lingkungan hidup.
أثر بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية في عرض النقد الواسع لدول الاتحاد النقدي الاوربي
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Ghasan , Qasim B. ALsaedi Zahid 
Published: July 2021

المستخلص
للسياسة النقدية دور كبير في تحقيق الإستقرار الاقتصادي والنقدي على حد سواء في كل دول العالم ولكن تختلف طبيعة استعمالها بين الدول ، وكذلك تختلف أهدافها من دولة الى أخرى فنجد بعض الدول توجه سياستها النقدية لمواجهة التضخم وتحقيق الإستقرار في المستوى العام للاسعار ، في حين توجه السياسة النقدية لمعالجة الإختلالات في الأسواق المالية لدول أخرى وتحقيق النمو الإقتصادي المرغوب ، والقضاء على معدلات البطالة المرتفعة ، ويتأثر عرض النقد الواسع في الإتحاد الاوربي بعدد كبير من المتغيرات الإقتصادية لذلك أشارت أهمية الدراسة الى الدور الذي تلعبه المتغيرات المختارة في عرض النقد وأثر ذلك على الإقتصاد ككل.
A new lithostratigraphic framework for portions of the Pongola Supergroup within the Nkandla sub-basin, southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa; insights into Mozaan Group stratigraphy
Authors: Hicks N. , Gold D.J.C. , Ncume M. , Hoyer L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA revised lithostratigraphic framework for Mozaan Group-equivalent strata within the Nkandla sub-basin is presented based on new field data, remote sensing and genetic sequence stratigraphic interpretations. Although previous literature has suggested that no Mozaan Group lithologies were deposited within the sub-basin, reinterpretations presented here indicate that 90% of the lithostratigraphy developed within the main basin occurs within the Nkandla and Mhlatuze inliers. Mozaan Group units previously defined as the Vutshini and Ekombe formations are correlated with stratigraphy from the lowermost Sinqeni Formation to the Gabela Formation. Although thinner than units within the type area in the main basin, thicknesses of the Sinqeni Formation are comparable to those observed within the White Mfolozi Inlier. A ~1 000 m composite reference profile is measured within the Mdlelanga Syncline of the Nkandla Inlier. Further profiles were measured for sequences in the Gem-Vuleka Syncline of the Nkandla Inlier, as well as within the Mhlatuze Inlier. These latter profiles, however, host only lower Mozaan Group strata. In all sections the basal portion of the sequence comprises two quartz arenite units, separated by a ferruginous shale, which hosts minor iron formation interbeds. This predominantly coarse-grained lower sequence is overlain by a shale-dominated succession with multiple sandstone interbeds. A prominent coarse-grained quartz arenite unit forms a distinct marker in the middle portion of the sequence. This is overlain by a sequence of shales and sandstones with two prominent igneous units present. Genetic sequence stratigraphic interpretations indicate cyclical deposition of dominantly shallow marine sediments with condensed sections, marked by iron formations or ferruginous shales, denoting periods of marine highstand along the southeastern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton. The evidence of Mozaan Group stratigraphy within the Nkandla sub-basin supports a passive margin tectonic model whereby deposition occurred in an arcuate shallow continental margin which opened to the southeast. The extension of Mozaan Group strata into the Nkandla sub-basin suggests that the Mozaan Basin likely formed a single depository rather than separate sub-basins as previously proposed.
Lithostratigraphy of the Mesoproterozoic Twakputs Gneiss
Authors: Doggart S. , Macey P.H. , Frei D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Twakputs Gneiss is a garnetiferous, K-feldspar megacrystic, biotite granite-granodiorite orthogneiss. It represents a major unit in the Kakamas Domain of the Mesoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Province extending about 250 km between Riemvasmaak in South Africa and Grünau in southern Namibia. The Twakputs Gneiss occurs as foliation-parallel, sheet-like bodies tightly infolded together with granulite-facies paragneisses into which it intrudes along with a variety of other pre-tectonic granite and leucogranite orthogneisses. These rocks were subsequently intruded by late-tectonic garnet-leucogranites, granites and charnockites.
The Twakputs Gneiss is a distinctive unit characterised by large ovoid to elongate megacrysts of twinned perthitic K-feldspar, set in a coarse-grained matrix of garnet, biotite, quartz and feldspar. It contains a penetrative foliation defined by the alignment of K-feldspars and streaks of biotite that developed during the main phase D2 of the Namaqua Orogeny (~1.2 to 1.1 Ga). The foliation and an accompanying elongation lineation are more intensely developed along lithological contacts, especially at the margins of the mega-scale F3 domes and basins that refold the regional fabrics.
U-Pb zircon dating of the Twakputs Gneiss has yielded concordia ages of between ~1192 and 1208 Ma. Whole-rock geochemistry shows consistent major, trace and REE elemental trends, and thus reflect chemical variability from a single fractionating magma. The Twakputs Gneiss has a granitic to granodiorite composition and is strongly peraluminous. The geochemistry and the ubiquitous presence of garnet and pelitic xenoliths indicate an S-type granite protolith.
The Twakputs Gneiss is the most voluminous and widespread member of the Eendoorn Suite which comprises seven textural variants of garnetiferous, K-feldspar-megacrystic granitoid orthogneiss of the same age.
Youth Empowerment as a Pathway towards Attaining the Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Chikozho Claudious , Sekyere Emmanuel , Asitik Akanganngang Joseph 
Published: July 2021

While empowerment of the youth in Ghana could enable them to make a more meaningful contribution to the economy, a myriad of challenges faces the youth during their transition from school into the employment sector and limits the realisation of their full potential. As a result, the recent and significant increase in the size of the youth population in Ghana cannot justifiably be romanticised as an obvious stepping stone towards the realisation of a demographic dividend. In this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were deployed to carry out a cross-sectional survey that enabled a detailed exploration of the main challenges and opportunities facing the youth in Ghana. Some of the options for enabling greater youth empowerment in the country were also identified. The study established that unemployment, skills limitations, lack of access to finance, and poorly coordinated institutional structures for implementing youth empowerment policies and programmes are major barriers to youth empowerment in Ghana. We conclude that there is a need for more targeted interventions that address these challenges and leverage any evident opportunities available for increased youth empowerment before Ghana can confidently expect to reap a demographic dividend.
Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele
Authors: Mukae Nobutaka , Kuga Daisuke , Murakami Daisuke , Komune Noritaka , Miyamoto Yusuke , Shimogawa Takafumi , Sakata Ayumi , Shigeto Hiroshi , Iwaki Toru , Morioka Takato , Mizoguchi Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with temporal lobe encephalocele is rare, and the precise epileptogenic mechanisms and surgical strategies for such cases are still unknown. Although the previous studies have reported good seizure outcomes following chronic subdural electrode recording through invasive craniotomy, only few studies have reported successful epilepsy surgery through endoscopic endonasal lesionectomy.

Case Description:
An 18-year-old man developed generalized convulsions at the age of 15 years. Despite treatment with optimal doses of antiepileptic drugs, episodes of speech and reading difficulties were observed 2–3 times per week. Long-term video electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed ictal activities starting from the left anterior temporal region. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a temporal lobe encephalocele in the left lateral fossa of the sphenoidal sinus (sphenoidal encephalocele). Through the endoscopic endonasal approach, the tip of the encephalocele was exposed. A depth electrode was inserted into the encephalocele, which showed frequent spikes superimposed with high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) suggesting intrinsic epileptogenicity. The encephalocele was resected 8 mm from the tip. Twelve months postoperatively, the patient had no recurrence of seizures on tapering of the medication.

Conclusion:
TLE associated with sphenoidal encephalocele could be controlled with endoscopic endonasal lesionectomy, after confirming the high epileptogenicity with analysis of HFOs of intraoperative EEG recorded using an intralesional depth electrode.
Estudo da atuação do anticiclone subtropical do Atlântico Sul sobre a umidade relativa do ar no entorno do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce por meio de revisão sistêmica da literatura
Authors: Vieira Cristiano Alexandre , Duarte Neimar de Freitas , Cupolillo Fúlvio 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar levantamentos na literatura em estudos sobre o Anticiclone Subtropical do Atlântico Sul e suas características relacionadas à umidade relativa do ar. O levantamento foi baseado no método de revisão bibliográfica sistemática. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de consulta nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Capes e Scielo. Verificamos que o tema “Anticiclone Subtropical do Atlântico Sul (ASAS)” é bastante discutido na literatura, tanto em relação aos mecanismos de formação dos sistemas de alta pressão quanto à sua influência sobre as condições meteorológicas. Alguns trabalhos abordaram temas referentes aos impactos advindos da presença deste sistema atmosférico e às questões socioambientais, notando-se, ainda, uma pequena quantidade de artigos e trabalhos que abordam ações preventivas que devem ser inseridas em épocas de ocorrência do ASAS.
Palavras-chave: Influência do ASAS. Sistema de alta pressão. Dinâmica atmosférica.

Study of the action of the subtropical anticyclone of the South Atlantic on the relative air humidity in the surroundings of the Rio Doce State Park, through a systematic literature review
AbstractThe objective of this article was to carry out surveys in the literature in studies on the South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and its characteristics related to the relative humidity of the air. The survey was based on the systematic bibliographic review method. The research was carried out by consulting the databases: Google Acadêmico, Capes and Scielo. We found that the theme "South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone - ASAS" is widely discussed in the literature, both in the mechanisms of formation of high-pressure systems and their influence on weather conditions. Some works addressed issues related to the impacts arising from the presence of this atmospheric system and socioenvironmental issues. Still there is also a smallnumber of articles and works that address preventive actions in which they should be inserted in times of occurrence of ASAS.
Keywords: Influence of ASAS. High Pressure System. Atmospheric dynamics.
La dimensión ética de la gestión de compra: un caso venezolano en el sector petrolero
Authors: Abreu Quintero José Luis 
Published: July 2021

Palabras claves: Calidad total, gestión de compra, liderazgo, valores éticos, toma de decisiónResumen. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre los elementos de la gestión de compra y los factores éticos involucrados, previa identificación de estos elementos y factores. Se efectuó un tipo de investigación de carácter descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por compradores de 46 empresas constructorascontratistas que prestan servicio a Petróleos de Venezuela en la Costa Oriental del Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela. El diseño de la investigación fue de captación de datos por encuesta, utilizando un cuestionario compuesto por 40 items. El estudio confirmó el supuesto de que existe relación entre los elementos de la gestión de compra y los factores éticos involucrados en la misma. Dentro de un marco ético existe relación entre la gestión de compra y los siguientes elementos: Relación comprador-proveedor, toma de decisiones, calidad total, empowerment, problemática ambiental y liderazgo. Los valores éticos más resaltantes en orden de importancia encontrados en el estudio fueron: confianza, integridad, orden, honestidad, lealtad, respeto, justicia y responsabilidad.Key words: Decision making, ethical values, leadership, purchasing management, total qualityAbstract. The researching tasks had the objective of determining the relationship between the elements of purchasing management and the ethical factor involved, previous identification of these elements and factors. The type of research had a descriptive orientation. The population was formed by 46 purchasing executives from construction companies that address their services to Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A (P.D.V.S.A) in the Western Coast of Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela. The research design had a survey instrument, applied by means of a questionnaire in a person to person interview basis to gather the information. The study supported the fact that there is an important relationship between the elements of purchasing management and the ethical factors involved in it. Within an ethical frame perspective, there is a significant relationship between the purchasing function and the following elements: Buyer-supplier relationship, decisión making, total quality, empowerment, environmental issues and leadership. The most relevant ethical values in order of importance found in the experiment were: trust, integrity, order, honesty, loyalty, respect, justice and responsability.