bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Selenium‐Enriched Cassava Starch with Immediate Antioxidant Activity and Its Antioxidant Catalytic Mechanism
Authors: Jiao Shufei , Shi Cheng , Liang Xingtang , Wang Feng , Zheng Yunying , Liu Zijie , Liu Min , Hu Huayu , Zhong Shuming , Yin Yanzhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of selenium‐enriched food is one of the most effective ways to acheive selenium supplementation. However, the selenium content in selenium‐enriched food is unstable, and the selenium in the food needs to be incorporated into glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by the human body before it can exert its antioxidant activity. Herein, a selenium‐enriched cassava starch (Se‐ca‐starch80) with immediate antioxidant activity is synthesized by the successive esterification and selenation of cassava starch. The characterizations such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the reactions mainly occur on the surface of starch and do not destroy the starch skeleton significantly. Such Se‐ca‐starch80 with selenium content of 9.44 µg g–1 reveals a remarkable antioxidant activity (the initial rate of the catalytic reaction, v0 > 10 µmol L–1 min–1) due to the cooperation of catalytic centers, substrate recognition sites, and hydrophobic microenvironments. Similar to the natural GPx, the Se‐ca‐starch80 is non‐cytotoxic and shows a saturation kinetic catalytic behavior. This work may open the door to design modified starch for functional foods and antioxidant drugs.
Marker‐assisted forward breeding to develop a drought‐, bacterial‐leaf‐blight‐, and blast‐resistant rice cultivar
Authors: Singh Uma Maheshwar , Dixit Shilpi , Alam Shamshad , Yadav Shailesh , Prasanth Vinukonda Vishnu , Singh Arun Kumar , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Abbai Ragavendran , Vipparla Abhilash Kumar , Badri Jyothi , Ram Tilatoo , Prasad Madamshetty Srinivas , Laha Gouri Sankar , Singh Vikas Kumar , Kumar Arvind 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmong the different challenges related to rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivation, drought, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and blast are the key stresses that significantly affect grain yield (GY) in rice. To ameliorate this issue, marker‐assisted forward breeding (MAFB) coupled with a simultaneous crossing approach was used to combine three drought tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTL)—qDTY1.1,qDTY3.1, andqDTY12.1—four BLB genes—Xa4,xa5,xa13, andXa21—and one blast‐resistance gene,Pi9, in the elite rice cultivar Lalat. The introgression lines (ILs) developed in the current study were phenotypically screened for drought, BLB, and blast resistance at the F7–F8generation. Under the reproductive stage (RS) drought stress, the yield advantage of ILs, with major‐effect QTL (qDTY) over elite parent Lalat, ranges from 9 to 124% in DS2019 and from 7 to 175% in WS2019. The selected ILs were highly resistant to BLB, with lesion lengths ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 cm and blast scores ranging from 1 to 3. ILs that were tolerant to RS drought, resistant to BLB, and blast disease and had similar or higher yields than Lalat were analyzed for grain quality. Six ILs were found to have similar grain quality characteristics to Lalat including hulling, milling, head rice recovery (HRR), chalkiness, alkali spreading value (ASV), and amylose content (AC). This study showed that MAFB, together with simultaneous crossing, would be an effective strategy to rapidly combine multiple stresses in rice. The ILs developed in this study could help to ensure yield sustainability in rainfed environments or be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.
Understanding Alzheimer's disease as a disorder of consciousness
Authors: Huntley Jonathan D. , Fleming Stephen M. , Mograbi Daniel C. , Bor Daniel , Naci Lorina , Owen Adrian M. , Howard Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate a range of alterations in consciousness. Changes in awareness of cognitive deficit, self‐awareness, and introspection are seen early in AD, and dysfunction of awareness and arousal progresses with increasing disease severity. However, heterogeneity of deficits between individuals and a lack of empirical studies in people with severe dementia highlight the importance of identifying and applying biomarkers of awareness in AD. Impairments of awareness in AD are associated with neuropathology in regions that overlap with proposed neural correlates of consciousness. Recent developments in consciousness science provide theoretical frameworks and experimental approaches to help further understand the conscious experience of people with AD. Recognition of AD as a disorder of consciousness is overdue, and important to both understand the lived experience of people with AD and to improve care.
Diversion proctocolitis and the problem of the forgotten rectum in inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Dal Buono Arianna , Carvello Michele , Sachar David B. , Spinelli Antonino , Danese Silvio , Roda Giulia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsDiversion proctocolitis (DP) is a non‐specific mucosal inflammation arising in the defunctionalized colon and/or rectum following faecal diversion (colostomy, ileostomy). Differential diagnosis of DP from the underlying disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is often unclear. As a result, it might be difficult to undertake any specific treatment. We aimed to systematically review the literature evidence on DP in IBD patients.MethodsFor this qualitative systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus to identify all studies published until July 2021 including IBD patients affected by DP.ResultsOverall, 37 papers published between 1982 and 2021 were included. A total of 1.211 IBD patients were included: 613 UC (50.6%), 524 CD (43.3%), 66 IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U) (5.4%), 8 unspecified patients (0.7%). Most patients with DP are asymptomatic, although inflammation is detectable in almost all patients with a rectal stump. Reduced short‐chain fatty acids and an altered microbiome, may trigger mucosal inflammation and have been proposed as causing factors. An increased risk of developing cancer on DP has been reported in patients with a history of previous dysplasia/cancer.ConclusionsThe etiopathogenesis of DP is still unknown. The efficacy of mesalamine, corticosteroids or short‐chain fatty acids has not been proven by randomized trials yet. Since the incidence of cancer of the rectal stump can reach 4.5 per 1.000 diverted patients‐year, IBD patients undergoing subtotal colectomy with end‐ileostomy should undergo close endoscopic surveillance, being eventually counseled for surgery with or without the restoration of the intestinal continuity.
»Soziale« Armut in der soziologischen Theorie
Authors: Knabe André 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungBereits in der Einleitung wurde erläutert, dass mit dem Begriff Armut sehr unterschiedliche Dinge gemeint sein können und dass es gar nicht so einfach ist, sich darauf zu verständigen, worin genau Armut eigentlich besteht. Eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit den Armutsbegriff scheint daher dringend geboten, um präzise zu bleiben und nicht in die Beliebigkeit abzurutschen. Die begriffliche Annäherung erfolgt in drei Schritten. Im ersten Schritt werden ausgewählte, im Kontext des Themas bedeutsame soziologische Konzepte zusammengefasst und für die empirische Auseinandersetzung fruchtbar gemacht. Im zweiten Schritt wird die in der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung gewonnene Auffassung von Armut durch Implikationen zu Ungleichheiten aus Sicht der soziologischen ﻿Netzwerkforschung erweitert. Im dritten Schritt werden diese beiden Sichtweisen zu einer theoretischen Perspektive auf den Begriff der »sozialen« Armut verdichtet.
Logarithmic corrections to the entropy of non-extremal black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity
Authors: Banerjee Gourav , Panda Binata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We reviewed the field redefinition approach of Seeley-DeWitt expansion for the determination of Seeley-DeWitt coefficients from arXiv:1505.01156. We apply this approach to compute the first three Seeley-DeWitt coefficients for “non-minimal” $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity in four dimensions. Finally, we use the third coefficient for the computation of the logarithmic corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of non-extremal black holes following arXiv:1205.0971. We determine the logarithmic corrections for non-extremal Kerr-Newman, Kerr, Reissner-Nordström and Schwarzschild black holes in “non-minimal” $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity.
Zur Publikationsleistung der universitären Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland
Authors: Preut J. , Frosch K.-H. , Debus E. S. , Grundmann R. T. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zu den Leistungskriterien einer Universitätsklinik gehören ihre Publikationsaktivitäten. Ziel der vorliegenden bibliometrischen Untersuchung war es, die Publikationsaktivitäten deutscher unfallchirurgischer Universitätskliniken in einem Benchmarking vergleichend darzustellen.

Material und Methodik
Die Publikationsleistung der Führungsmannschaften, bestehend aus Chef- und Oberärzten, Sektions- und Bereichsleitern von 39 deutschen unfallchirurgischen Universitätskliniken wurde über 10 Jahre (01.01.2010 bis 31.12.2019) erfasst. Berücksichtigt wurden alle Publikationen, die in PubMed gelistet waren und bei denen die entsprechenden Personen Erst- oder Letztautor waren. Zusätzlich wurde der Impact-Faktor (IF) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 4438 Veröffentlichungen erfasst, publiziert von 381 Chirurgen. Der Anteil der publizierenden Mitarbeiter betrug 72,8 %. Publiziert wurde in 545 Journalen. Der durchschnittliche IF aller Publikationen war 1,81. Die Publikationsaktivitäten der Kliniken zeigten eine hohe Streubreite, dies galt sowohl für die Publikationsanzahl als auch für die generierten IF des einzelnen Mitarbeiters. Die Publikationsaktivität reichte von durchschnittlich 16,4 Publikationen pro Mitarbeiter in der bestplatzierten Klinik bis 1,5 Publikationen bei der letztplatzierten. Gleiches ergab die Summe der IF. In der nach diesem Maßstab bestplatzierten Klinik erzielte der einzelne Mitarbeiter durchschnittlich kumuliert 42,1 IF verglichen mit 1,7 IF bei der letztplatzierten.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Publikationsleistung deutscher unfallchirurgischer Universitätskliniken zeigt eine hohe Varianz, wie dies auch bei anderen Disziplinen gefunden wurde. Die Ursachen müssen offen bleiben, eine unterschiedliche Forschungsmotivation ist aber nicht auszuschließen.
Impact of insufficient sleep on dysregulated blood glucose control under standardised meal conditions
Authors: Tsereteli Neli , Vallat Raphael , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Delahanty Linda M. , Ordovas Jose M. , Drew David A. , Valdes Ana M. , Segata Nicola , Chan Andrew T. , Wolf Jonathan , Berry Sarah E. , Walker Matthew P. , Spector Timothy D. , Franks Paul W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual’s sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning.

Methods
Healthy adults’ data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary intervention trial. Participants consumed isoenergetic standardised meals over 2 weeks in the clinic and at home. Actigraphy was used to assess sleep variables (duration, efficiency, timing) and continuous glucose monitors were used to measure glycaemic variation (>8000 meals).

Results
Sleep variables were significantly associated with postprandial glycaemic control (2 h incremental AUC), at both between- and within-person levels. Sleep period time interacted with meal type, with a smaller effect of poor sleep on postprandial blood glucose levels when high-carbohydrate (low fat/protein) (pinteraction = 0.02) and high-fat (pinteraction = 0.03) breakfasts were consumed compared with a reference 75 g OGTT. Within-person sleep period time had a similar interaction (high carbohydrate: pinteraction = 0.001, high fat: pinteraction = 0.02). Within- and between-person sleep efficiency were significantly associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels irrespective of meal type (both p < 0.03). Later sleep midpoint (time deviation from midnight) was found to be significantly associated with higher postprandial glucose, in both between-person and within-person comparisons (p = 0.035 and p = 0.051, respectively).

Conclusions/interpretation
Poor sleep efficiency and later bedtime routines are associated with more pronounced postprandial glycaemic responses to breakfast the following morning. A person’s deviation from their usual sleep pattern was also associated with poorer postprandial glycaemic control. These findings underscore sleep as a modifiable, non-pharmacological therapeutic target for the optimal regulation of human metabolic health.
Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03479866.

Graphical abstract
Modeling of cutting forces in 1-D and 2-D ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Rinck Philipp M. , Gueray Alpcan , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo meet the modern demands for lightweight construction and energy efficiency, hard-to-machine materials such as ceramics, superalloys, and fiber-reinforced plastics are being used progressively. These materials can only be machined with great effort using conventional machining processes due to the high cutting forces, poor surface qualities, and the associated tool wear. Vibration-assisted machining has already proven to be an adequate solution in order to achieve extended tool lives, better surface qualities, and reduced cutting forces. This paper presents an analytical force model for longitudinal-torsional vibration-assisted milling (LT-VAM), which can predict cutting forces under intermittent and non-intermittent cutting conditions. Under intermittent cutting conditions, the relative contact ratio between the rake face and the sliding chip is utilized for modelling the shearing forces. Ploughing forces and shearing forces under non-intermittent cutting conditions are calculated by using an extended macroscopic friction reduction model, which can predict the reduced frictional forces under parallel and perpendicular vibration superimposition. The force model was implemented in MATLAB and can predict cutting forces without using any experimental vibration-assisted milling (VAM) data input.
The Quantum Group Dual of the First-Row Subcategory for the Generic Virasoro VOA
Authors: Koshida Shinji , Kytölä Kalle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn several examples it has been observed that a module category of a vertex operator algebra (VOA) is equivalent to a category of representations of some quantum group. The present article is concerned with developing such a duality in the case of the Virasoro VOA at generic central charge; arguably the most rudimentary of all VOAs, yet structurally complicated. We do not address the category of all modules of the generic Virasoro VOA, but we consider the infinitely many modules from the first row of the Kac table. Building on an explicit quantum group method of Coulomb gas integrals, we give a new proof of the fusion rules, we prove the analyticity of compositions of intertwining operators, and we show that the conformal blocks are fully determined by the quantum group method. Crucially, we prove the associativity of the intertwining operators among the first-row modules, and find that the associativity is governed by the 6j-symbols of the quantum group. Our results constitute a concrete duality between a VOA and a quantum group, and they will serve as the key tools to establish the equivalence of the first-row subcategory of modules of the generic Virasoro VOA and the category of (type-1) finite-dimensional representations of $${\mathcal {U}}_q (\mathfrak {sl}_2)$$

U
q

(

sl
2

)

.
High-power short-duration versus standard-power standard-duration settings for repeat atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Junarta Joey , Dikdan Sean J. , Upadhyay Naman , Bodempudi Sairamya , Shvili Michael Y. , Frisch Daniel R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
High-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation is a novel strategy using contact force-sensing catheters optimized for radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). No study has directly compared HPSD versus standard-power standard-duration (SPSD) contact force-sensing settings in patients presenting for repeat ablation with AF recurrence after initial ablation.

Methods
We studied consecutive cases of patients with AF undergoing repeat ablation with SPSD or HPSD settings after their initial pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with temperature controlled non-contact force, SPSD or HPSD settings between 6/23/14 and 3/4/20. Procedural data collected included radiofrequency ablation delivery time (RADT). Clinical data collected include sinus rhythm maintenance post-procedure.

Results
A total of 61 patients underwent repeat ablation (36 SPSD, 25 HPSD). A total of 51 patients (83.6%) were found to have pulmonary vein reconnections necessitating repeat isolation, 10 patients (16.4%) had durable PVI and ablation targeted non-PV sources. RADT was shorter when comparing repeat ablation using HPSD compared to SPSD (22 vs 35 min; p = 0.01). There was no difference in sinus rhythm maintenance by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (log rank test p = 0.87), after 3 or 12-months between groups overall, and when stratified by AF type, left atrial volume index, CHA2DS2-VASc score, or left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that repeat AF ablation with HPSD reduced procedure times with similar sinus rhythm maintenance compared to SPSD in those presenting for repeat ablation.
Clinical outcomes of anterior tibiofibular ligament’s distal fascicle transfer versus ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ for chronic ankle instability patients
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Mok Tsz-Ngai , Sin Tat-Hang , Zha Zhengang , Zheng Xiaofei , Teng Qiang , Hou Huige 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI) for ankle sprain patients remains a challenge. If initial treatments fail, surgical stabilization techniques including ligament reconstruction should be performed. Anterior tibiofibular ligament (ATiFL) distal fascicle transfer for CAI was recently introduced. The goal of the study is to assess the 1-year clinical effectiveness of ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer versus ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ (Fa. Arthrex, Naples).

Methods
Between October 2019 and February 2021, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females) scheduled for ligament reconstruction treatment of CAI were enrolled after propensity score matching. Twelve underwent ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ (InternalBrace™ group) and thirteen underwent ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer (ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group). We recorded the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), anterior drawer test grade, patient satisfaction and complications. All results of this study were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Statistically significant (p = 0.0251, independent-samples t test) differences in the AOFAS can be found between the ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group and the InternalBrace™ group. No substantial changes in the VAS (p = 0.1778, independent-samples t test), patient satisfaction (p = 0.1800, independent-samples t test) and anterior drawer test grade (p = 0.9600, independent-samples t test) were found between the two groups. There was one patient with superficial wound infection and one patient with sural nerve injury in the InternalBrace™ group and ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group, respectively.

Conclusion
This is the first study that assessed a cohort of CAI patients and suggests that the ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer operation has the potential to attain good-to-excellent clinical outcomes after 1-year recovery. The AOFAS scores were significantly higher for patients with ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer, indicating that this technique may be considered a viable option for both patients and their surgeon, while long-term outcomes should be investigated in the future.
APP-guided assessment of acetabular defects in hip revision arthroplasty: a structured approach to a complex situation
Authors: Jaenisch Max , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Kohlhof Hendrik , Gathen Martin , Kabir Koroush , Koob Sebastian , Jansen Tom Rainer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Acetabular defect recognition and classification remains a challenging field of practice for orthopedic surgeons. Recently, the Acetabular Defect Classification (ADC) has been introduced to provide a reliable, reproducible and intuitive classification system. In order to improve ease of use and efficiency of the ADC, a browser-based application has been created. We hypothesized that the ADC application can improve rating performance of non-specialists (medical students) to achieve good inter- and intra-rater agreement and will compare favorable to the results of specialists (experienced surgeons) without the help of the application.

Materials and methods
The ADC is based on the integrity of the acetabular rim and the supporting structures. It consists of four main types of defects ascending in severity. These defects are further subdivided in A–C, narrowing down defect location. 80 randomized radiographs were graded according to ADC by three non-specialists (medical students) with help of the ADC application and by three specialists (orthopedic surgeons) without help of the application to evaluate the difference in inter-rater agreement between groups. To account for intra-rater agreement, the rating process was repeated after a reasonable wash-out period.

Results
Inter-rater and intra-rater agreement within the non-specialist group rated lower when compared to the specialist group while still falling into the good agreement range. The student group presented with k values of 0.61 for inter-rater agreement and 0.68 for intra-rater agreement, while the surgeon group displayed k values of 0.72 for inter-rater agreement and 0.83 for intra-rater agreement.

Conclusion
The app-guided assessment of acetabular defects offers a promising innovative approach to simplify complex situations. It makes the challenging field of acetabular revision arthroplasty more approachable especially for less experienced surgeons and offers insight and guidance in the planning stage as well as intra-operative setting.
Insights into in vivo follicle formation: a review of in vitro systems
Authors: Tanimoto Ren , Yoshida Kyota , Ikeda Shinya , Obata Yayoi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn vitro systems capable of reconstituting the process of mouse oogenesis are now being established to help develop further understanding of the mechanisms underlying oocyte/follicle development and differentiation. These systems could also help increase the production of useful livestock or genetically modified animals, and aid in identifying the causes of infertility in humans. Recently, we revealed, using an in vitro system for recapitulating oogenesis, that the activation of the estrogen signaling pathway induces abnormal follicle formation, that blocking estrogen-induced expression of anti-Müllerian hormone is crucial for normal follicle formation, and that the production of α-fetoprotein in fetal liver tissue is involved in normal in vivo follicle formation. In mouse fetuses, follicle formation is not carried out by factors within the ovaries but is instead orchestrated by distal endocrine factors. This review outlines findings from genetics, endocrinology, and in vitro studies regarding the factors that can affect the formation of primordial follicles in mammals.