bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of aircraft flight parameters in terminal control area based on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data
Authors: Medianto R , Jusuf J , Oktafianto R , Atiqah R , Sembiring J , Pasaribu H M , Jenie Y I , Muhammad H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A critical step in developing good traffic management (ATM) system simulation model is to build a kinematic model of an aircraft movement that can represent the actual conditions. This study aims to obtain flight parameters for aircraft operating in the terminal control area of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data, which is openly available on Flight Radar24. Flight parameters were measured for several flight phases, such as take-off, initial climb, climb, cruise, descend, and final approach. In addition to these flight phases, flight parameters at waypoints on the arrival and departure were also measured. Furthermore, all flight parameters are modeled stochastically through the probability distribution function (PDF) approach. The best model for each parameter is obtained using the Maximum Likelihood method (MLE) with some relevant Kosmolgrove Smirnov Test criteria. The use of ADS-B data along with the stochastic model presented in this paper provides comprehensive information on flight behavior, which can be further utilized for an aircraft simulation model of an Air Traffic Management system.
Dynamic obstacle avoidance system for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Rawikara S S , Sasongko R A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for collision avoidance for moving obstacle based on ellipsoid geometry. Ellipsoid algorithm itself has been implemented in small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for static obstacle avoidance. In extending the algorithm to dynamic object, two adjustments have been made, first is to calculate safe heading and selection of head or tail contact point. Using these two adjustments, the algorithm succesfully generates safe waypoint for dynamic obstacle avoidance and select which direction to use, whether it is to the head or the tail of obstacle moving direction.
V-Tail flutter analysis of wing-in-surface-effect (WISE) aircraft using a structural analysis software
Authors: Kusni M , Taufiqurrahman A , Gunawan L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Flutter is a dynamic aeroelastic instability that may cause structural failure and limits flight envelope of an aircraft. A passenger aircraft is required to be free from flutter and other aeroelastic instability phenomena, as stated in the regulations such as FAR 25. 33 / FAR 23.33. This paper presents the flutter analyses of the WISE aircraft using MSC Nastran. The analyses were carried out to the V-tail, one of the component where flutter might occur, by assuming rigid fuselage. Results of each analysis, in the form of velocity-damping and velocity-frequency curves, were evaluated to determine the critical flutter speed and frequency. First the analysis were conducted for sea level operation using KE, PK and PKNL methods which predict respectively the flutter speed of 1036 knot, 1037 knot, and 1037 knot. The three methods also consistently predict that the mode shapes involved in the flutter are the 5th mode and the 3rd mode. Then by using the PK-method, the analysis were repeated for air density variation. It is shown that the lower the air density, the higher the flutter speed is. It is concluded that tail flutter does not occur during the operation of the WISE craft with max operating speed of 80 knot.
Microstructure and twin behavior of Ti-2Al-2.5Zr during cold pilgering
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhaodandan Ma , Xiao Liu , Li Wang , Hui Wang , Jingjing Liao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The microstructure and twin behavior of Ti-2Al-2.5Zr tube during cold pilgering were investigated. During the deformation, the intragranular deformation is not uniform, and the microstructure characteristics are similar to low-cycle shear fatigue. Under alternating stress, the rotation tendency of grain is mainly related to the ratio of circumferential to radial strain. As the mainly primary twin, tensile {10–12}〈10–11〉 is activated in large number, which selection of twinning variant conforms to the Schmidt factor law. However, the selection of the secondary twinning variant is related to the slip system activated by the adjacent grains to accommodate the shear strain caused by the twins. The Schmidt factor of the secondary twin is determined by the slip system opened by the adjacent grains.
Effects of quenching and tempering heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties, and fatigue crack growth behavior of 51CrV4 spring steel
Authors: Lai Chaobin , Huang Wei , Li Shengci , Liu Tao , Lv Ruiguo , Tang Xiaoyong , Yu Jianlin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herein, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 51CrV4 spring steels under different quenching and tempering heat treatment were studied. Results show that tempering temperature would not affect the prior austenite grain (PAG) size, while quenching temperature has a great influence on it; the volume fraction of carbide precipitates decreased with increasing quenching temperature. The width of martensite lath has little relationship with the prior austenite grain size. The mechanical properties of the investigated steels decreased with an increasing tempering temperature. Tempering temperature had a greater influence on the fatigue crack growth behavior compared with quenching temperature. The FCG of all the investigated steels were well interpreted by Paris model. When the quenching temperature was 840 °C, the stable expanding stage of the fatigue fracture was representative fatigue striations, fatigue steps and secondary cracks; multiple failure mechanisms coexisted in the rapid expanding stage; the fracture morphology of unstable failure stage was mainly dimples. When the quenching temperature increased to 880 °C and 920 °C, quasi-cleavage was observed in all the stages compared with the samples quenched at 840 °C. Secondary cracks, fatigue steps and crack closure could retard the FCG rate by consuming the driving force near the tip of fatigue crack.
Ultrafast photo-induced phonon hardening due to Pauli blocking in MAPbI3 single-crystal and polycrystalline perovskites
Authors: Xia Chelsea Q , Poncé Samuel , Peng Jiali , Ulatowski Aleksander M , Patel Jay B , Wright Adam D , Milot Rebecca L , Kraus Hans , Lin Qianqian , Herz Laura M , Giustino Feliciano , Johnston Michael B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite semiconductors have attracted intense interest over the past decade, particularly for applications in photovoltaics. Low-energy optical phonons combined with significant crystal anharmonicity play an important role in charge-carrier cooling and scattering in these materials, strongly affecting their optoelectronic properties. We have observed optical phonons associated with Pb–I stretching in both MAPbI3 single crystals and polycrystalline thin films as a function of temperature by measuring their terahertz conductivity spectra with and without photoexcitation. An anomalous bond hardening was observed under above-bandgap illumination for both single-crystal and polycrystalline MAPbI3. First-principles calculations reproduced this photo-induced bond hardening and identified a related lattice contraction (photostriction), with the mechanism revealed as Pauli blocking. For single-crystal MAPbI3, phonon lifetimes were significantly longer and phonon frequencies shifted less with temperature, compared with polycrystalline MAPbI3. We attribute these differences to increased crystalline disorder, associated with grain boundaries and strain in the polycrystalline MAPbI3. Thus we provide fundamental insight into the photoexcitation and electron–phonon coupling in MAPbI3.
Ion dynamics in fluoride-containing polyatomic anion cathodes by muon spectroscopy
Authors: Johnston Beth I J , Baker Peter J , Cussen Serena A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polyatomic anion insertion electrodes present compositional and morphological variety, as well as the ability to tune operational voltages by influencing the nature of metal-oxygen bonding. Realizing the application of these compounds as electrodes in Li- and Na-ion batteries requires a detailed understanding of ion dynamics in these systems. Here is presented the microscopic Li-ion and Na-ion diffusion properties in LiFeSO4F and Na2FePO4F, respectively, using muon spin relaxation (μ
+SR) spectroscopy for the first time. Li-ion diffusion processes in the tavorite LiFeSO4F phase are found to proceed with an activation energy (E
a) of 48(4) meV and a diffusion coefficient of 1.71 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, while Na-ion mobility in Na2FePO4F has a calculated diffusion coefficient of 3.47 × 10−10cm2 s−1 and a higher energy barrier to ion diffusion at 96(8) meV. This is the first such examination of fluoride-containing polyatomic cathodes using μ
+SR, where the presence of the highly electronegative fluoride species was thought to preclude activation energy and diffusion coefficient determination due to strong μ
+-F− interactions. These insights open up the possibility of studying a myriad of fluoride-containing electrode materials using the μ
+SR technique.
Caregiver and provider perspectives on dual VA and Medicare Part D medication use in veterans with suspected dementia or cognitive impairment
Authors: Schleiden Loren J , Zickmund Susan L , Roman Katie Lynn , Kennedy Kayla , Thorpe Joshua M , Rossi Michelle I , Niznik Joshua D , Springer Sydney P , Thorpe Carolyn T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Many older veterans with dementia fill prescriptions through both Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare Part D benefits. Dual VA/Part D medication use may have unintended negative consequences in terms of prescribing safety and quality. We aimed to characterize benefits and drawbacks of dual VA/Part D medication use in veterans with dementia or cognitive impairment from the perspectives of caregivers and providers.

Methods
This was a qualitative study based on semistructured telephone interviews of 2 groups: (1) informal caregivers accompanying veterans with suspected dementia or cognitive impairment to visits at a VA Geriatric Evaluation and Management clinic (n = 11) and (2) VA healthcare providers of veterans with dementia who obtained medications via VA and Part D (n = 12). We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with caregivers and providers about benefits and drawbacks of dual VA/Part D medication use. Interview transcripts were subjected to qualitative content analysis to identify key themes.

Results
Caregivers and providers both described cost and convenience benefits to dual VA/Part D medication use. Caregivers reported drawbacks including poor communication between VA and non-VA providers and difficulty managing medications from multiple systems. Providers reported potential safety risks including communication barriers, conflicting care decisions, and drug interactions.

Conclusion
Results of this study allow for understanding of potential policy interventions to better manage dual VA/Part D medication use for older veterans with dementia or cognitive impairment at a time when VA is expanding access to non-VA care.
Nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury following CoronaVac anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Unver Suat , Haholu Aptullah , Yildirim Sukru 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
A 67-year-old female with Type 2 diabetes mellitus developed nephrotic syndrome within 1 week of receiving the first dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 CoronaVac vaccine. A kidney biopsy was consistent with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and treatment was symptomatic with antiproteinuric therapy and improvement in proteinuria. Oedema returned within 1 week of the second dose of CoronaVac. On this occasion, acute kidney injury and massive proteinuria were noted. In kidney biopsy, glomeruli were normal, but tubulointerstitial inflammation consistent with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was noted. Pulse followed by oral steroids was followed by recovery of kidney function. Proteinuria decreased after initiation of cyclosporine A.
Do data breaches damage reputation? Evidence from 45 companies between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Makridis Christos A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile data breaches have become more common, there is little evidence that companies that incur them experience a persistent decline in financial performance or security prices. Using new firm-level data between 2002 and 2018, this paper finds that firms experience a 26–29% increase in reputational intangible capital following an average data breach. However, the largest and most salient breaches are associated with a 5–9% decline in reputational intangible capital following a data breach. These effects are concentrated among firms in consumer-facing industries: smaller (larger) data breaches are associated with more positive (negative) effects. These results suggest that current regulatory guidance may not provide complete incentives for firms to invest in cybersecurity capabilities, particularly for small- to medium-sized breaches.
Interseismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba from GPS measurements
Authors: Castro-Perdomo Nicolás , Viltres Renier , Masson Frédéric , Klinger Yann , Liu Shaozhuo , Dhahry Maher , Ulrich Patrice , Bernard Jean-Daniel , Matrau Rémi , Alothman Abdulaziz , Zahran Hani , Reilinger Robert , Mai P Martin , Jónsson Sigurjón 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYAlthough the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system has been extensively studied in the past, little has been known about the present-day kinematics of its southernmost portion that is offshore in the Gulf of Aqaba. Here, we present a new GPS velocity field based on three surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 at 30 campaign sites, complemented by 11 permanent stations operating near the gulf coast. Interseismic models of strain accumulation indicate a slip rate of $4.9^{+0.9}_{-0.6}~\mathrm{ mm}\,\mathrm{ yr}^{-1}$ and a locking depth of $6.8^{+3.5}_{-3.1}~\mathrm{ km}$ in the gulf’s northern region. Our results further indicate an apparent reduction of the locking depth from the inland portion of the DST towards its southern junction with the Red Sea rift. Our modelling results reveal a small systematic left-lateral residual motion that we postulate is caused by, at least in part, late post-seismic transient motion from the 1995 MW 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake. Estimates of the moment accumulation rate on the main faults in the gulf, other than the one that ruptured in 1995, suggest that they might be near the end of their current interseismic period, implying elevated seismic hazard in the gulf area.
Birnie, Boyle, and Redgwell's International Law and the Environment
Authors: Boyle Alan , Redgwell Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Birnie, Boyle, and Redgwell's International Law and the Environment places legislation on the protection of the environment firmly at the core of its argument. It uses sharp and thorough analysis of the law, sharing knowledge and experience. The chapters provide a unique perspective on the implications of international regulation, promoting a wide understanding of the pertinent issues impacting upon the law. The text starts by looking at international law and the environment. It looks at the rights and obligations of states concerning the protection of the environment. The text also considers interstate enforcement which includes state responsibility, compliance, and dispute settlement. It moves on to consider non-state actors such as environmental rights, liability, and crimes. Climate change and atmospheric pollution are given some consideration. The text also examines the law of the sea and protection of the marine environment. Conservation is dealt with in detail, including the conservation of nature, ecosystems, and biodiversity and marine living resources. Finally, the text looks at international trade.
Lipopolysaccharide Regulates Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, Corticosterone, and Melatonin in Toads
Authors: Ferreira L F , Garcia Neto P G , Titon S C M , Titon B , Muxel S M , Gomes F R , Assis V R 
Published: August 2021

SynopsisGlucocorticoids and melatonin (MEL) show integrated and complex immunomodulatory effects, mostly described for endotherms, yet underexplored in amphibians. In this context, the RT-qPCR of molecules mediating inflammatory processes in amphibians is a valuable tool to explore the relationships among molecular biology, endocrine mediators, and immune response in these animals. In this study, toads (Rhinella diptycha) received an intraperitoneal saline injection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg). Six hours post-injection, we analyzed plasma corticosterone (CORT) and MEL levels and pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and C1s). We found increased CORT and decreased MEL levels in response to LPS. Also, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were upregulated in LPS-injected toads compared with saline-injected toads. Overall, our results demonstrate an LPS-induced inflammatory response with endocrine and immune modulation in R. diptycha toads, exhibiting expected patterns for an inflammatory stimulus within this time frame (6 h post-injection). Toads were responsive to LPS by secreting different cytokines, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, related to immune cell attraction to inflammatory sites and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which limits the rate of leukocyte infiltration, inflammation, and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Increased circulating CORT levels are probably associated with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis by the LPS and the endocrine actions of IL-6. Furthermore, decreased circulating MEL levels are likely due to inhibited MEL secretion by the pineal gland by inflammatory stimuli, indicating the activation/existence of the immune-pineal axis in amphibians.
Money Talks: Cross-ethnic Patronage and Ethnic Conflict in China
Authors: Liu Chuyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElites within a particular minority out-group in autocracies typically exhibit fairly heterogeneous reactions to the ethnic group in power. The usual result is intra-group variations in the propensity to participate in ethnic conflict. To explain these within-group differences, I highlight the importance of cross-ethnic patronage, which refers to patronage allocated by the ethnic group in power to minority out-group elites. The state can use cross-ethnic patronage to mitigate the risk of ethnic conflicts through two mechanisms. First, the sharing of government spoils at stakes gives minority elites disincentives to initiate anti-regime mobilizations, and second, this co-optation approach effectively enlists cooperative minority elites to strengthen social control. I examine my theory using original county-level fiscal and personnel data of China's Xinjiang region, including annual payrolls and the ethnic composition of over 220,000 local bureaucrats. Findings based on a dataset of ethnic conflicts in Xinjiang from 1980 to 1995 support my theoretical arguments.
Efficacy of statistical process control procedures to identify deviations in continuously measured physiological and behavioral variables in beef heifers resulting from an experimentally combined viral–bacterial challenge
Authors: Kayser William Christian , Carstens Gordon E , Parsons Ira Loyd , Washburn Kevin E , Lawhon Sara D , Pinchak William E , Chevaux Eric , Skidmore Andrew L 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to determine if statistical process control (SPC) procedures coupled with remote continuous data collection could accurately differentiate between animals experimentally inoculated with a viral–bacterial (VB) challenge or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Crossbred heifers (N = 38; BW = 230 ± 16.4 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments by initial weight, average daily gain (ADG), bovine herpes virus 1, and Mannheimia haemolytica serum titers. Feeding behavior, dry matter intake (DMI), animal activity, and rumen temperature were continuously monitored remotely prior to and following VB challenge. VB-challenged heifers exhibited decreased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG and DMI, as well as increased (P &lt; 0.01) neutrophils and rumen temperature consistent with a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) infection. However, none of the heifers displayed overt clinical signs of disease. Shewhart and cumulative summation (CUSUM) charts were evaluated, with sensitivity and specificity computed on the VB-challenged heifers (n = 19) and PBS-challenged heifers (n = 19), respectively, and the accuracy was determined as the average of sensitivity and specificity. To address the diurnal nature of rumen temperature responses, summary statistics (mean, minimum, and maximum) were computed for daily quartiles (6-h intervals), and these quartile temperature models were evaluated separately. In the Shewhart analysis, DMI was the most accurate (95%) at deciphering between PBS- and VB-challenged heifers, followed by rumen temperature (94%) collected in the 2nd and 3rd quartiles. Rest was most the accurate accelerometer-based traits (89%), and meal duration (87%) and bunk visit (BV) frequency (82%) were the most accurate feeding behavior traits. Rumen temperature collected in the 3rd quartile signaled the earliest (2.5 d) of all the variables monitored with the Shewhart, followed by BV frequency (2.8 d), meal duration (2.8 d), DMI (3.0 d), and rest (4.0 d). Rumen temperature and DMI remained the most accurate variables in the CUSUM at 80% and 79%, respectively. Meal duration (58%), BV frequency (71%), and rest (74%) were less accurate when monitored with the CUSUM analysis. Furthermore, signal day was greater for DMI, rumen temperature, and meal duration (4.4, 5.0, and 3.7 d, respectively) in the CUSUM compared to Shewhart analysis. These results indicate that Shewhart and CUSUM charts can effectively identify deviations in feeding behavior, activity, and rumen temperature patterns for the purpose of detecting sub-clinical BRD in beef cattle.