bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Conduct History is Linked to Amygdalohippocampal Changes in Healthy Adults: A Neuroimaging Behavioral Study
Authors: Abdolalizadeh AmirHussein , Moradi Kamyar , Dabbagh Ohadi Mohammad Amin , Mirfazeli FatemehSadat , Rajimehr Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundConduct Disorder (CD) is defined as aggressive, antisocial, and rule-breaking behavior during childhood, and a major risk factor for developing an antisocial personality disorder. However, nearly half the patients develop into seemingly normal status. We aimed to identify psychiatric, emotional, and brain volumetric and functional footprints of childhood CD in healthy young adults with a prior history of CD.Methods40 subjects with a prior history of CD (CC) and 1166 control subjects (HC) were identified from the Human Connectome Project. Their psychiatric, emotional, impulsivity, and personality traits were extracted. An emotion task fMRI activation of amygdala and hippocampus, as well as whole-brain and hippocampal/amygdalar segmentation volumetry were analyzed. We then statistically assessed the between-group differences and associations between the assessments and the hippocampal or amygdala nuclei measurements.ResultsAfter correcting for multiple comparisons, we found higher anger aggression, antisocial personality problems, aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, intrusive, externalizing, neuroticism, and lower agreeableness in the CC group. The neuroimaging analysis also revealed larger subregions of the left hippocampus in CC group. Significant group × assessment association was found for aggression and left hippocampal presubiculum and basal nuclei of left amygdala.DiscussionHealthy young adults with a prior history of CD still exhibit some forms of antisocial-like behavior, without evidence of emotional recognition disturbances, and with larger left hippocampal subregions. These larger hippocampal and amygdala volumes may play a protective role in CC subjects.
Pervasive transmission of E484K and emergence of VUI-NP13L with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection events by two different lineages in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Francisco Ronaldo , Benites L. Felipe , Lamarca Alessandra P , de Almeida Luiz G P , Hansen Alana Witt , Gularte Juliana Schons , Demoliner Meriane , Gerber Alexandra L , de C Guimarães Ana Paula , Antunes Ana Karolina Eisen , Heldt Fagner Henrique , Mallmann Larissa , Hermann Bruna , Ziulkoski Ana Luiza , Goes Vyctoria , Schallenberger Karoline , Fillipi Micheli , Pereira Francini , Weber Matheus Nunes , de Almeida Paula Rodrigues , Fleck Juliane Deise , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R , Spilki Fernando Rosado 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages are under the spotlight of the media, scientific community and governments. Recent reports of novel variants in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil (B.1.1.28-E484K) have raised intense interest because of a possible higher transmission rate or resistance to the novel vaccines. Nevertheless, the spread of B.1.1.28 (E484K) and other variants in Brazil is still unknown. In this work, we investigated the population structure and genomic complexity of SARS-CoV-2 in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. Most samples sequenced belonged to the B.1.1.28 (E484K) lineage, demonstrating its widespread dispersion. We were the first to identify two independent events of co-infection caused by the occurrence of B.1.1.28 (E484K) with either B.1.1.248 or B.1.91 lineages. Also, clustering analysis revealed the occurrence of a novel cluster of samples circulating in the state (named VUI-NP13L) characterized by 12 lineage-defining mutations. In light of the evidence for E484K dispersion, co-infection and emergence of VUI-NP13L in Rio Grande do Sul, we reaffirm the importance of establishing strict and effective social distancing measures to counter the spread of potentially more hazardous SARS-CoV-2 strains.HighlightsThe novel variant B.1.1.28 (E484K) previously described in Rio de Janeiro is currently spread across the southernmost state of Brazil;The novel variant VUI-NP13L was also identified by causing a local outbreak in Rio Grande do Sul;B.1.1.28 (E484K) is able to establish successful coinfection events co-occurring simultaneously with different lineages of SARS-CoV-2.
Weekly SARS-CoV-2 sentinel in primary schools, kindergartens and nurseries, June to November 2020, Germany
Authors: Hoch Martin , Vogel Sebastian , Kolberg Laura , Dick Elisabeth , Fingerle Volker , Eberle Ute , Ackermann Nikolaus , Sing Andreas , Huebner Johannes , Rack-Hoch Anita , Schober Tilmann , Both Ulrich von 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 12-week sentinel programme monitored SARS-CoV-2 in primary schools, kindergartens and nurseries. Out of 3169 oropharyngeal swabs, only two tested positive on rRT-PCR while general incidence rates were surging. Thus, children attending respective institutions are not significantly contributing to the pandemic spread when appropriate infection control measures are in place.
ACoRE: Accurate SARS-CoV-2 genome reconstruction for the characterization of intra-host and inter-host viral diversity in clinical samples and for the evaluation of re-infections
Authors: Marcolungo Luca , Beltrami Cristina , Esposti Chiara Degli , Lopatriello Giulia , Piubelli Chiara , Mori Antonio , Pomari Elena , Deiana Michela , Scarso Salvatore , Bisoffi Zeno , Grosso Valentina , Cosentino Emanuela , Maestri Simone , Lavezzari Denise , Iadarola Barbara , Paterno Marta , Segala Elena , Giovannone Barbara , Gallinaro Martina , Rossato Marzia , Delledonne Massimo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe report Accurate SARS-CoV-2 genome Reconstruction (ACoRE), an amplicon-based viral genome sequencing workflow for the complete and accurate reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from clinical samples, including suboptimal ones that would usually be excluded even if unique and irreplaceable. We demonstrated the utility of the approach by achieving complete genome reconstruction and the identification of false-positive variants in >170 clinical samples, thus avoiding the generation of inaccurate and/or incomplete sequences. Most importantly, ACoRE was crucial to identify the correct viral strain responsible of a relapse case, that would be otherwise mis-classified as a re-infection due to missing or incorrect variant identification by a standard workflow.
Epidemic Overdispersion Strengthens the Effectiveness of Mobility Restrictions
Authors: Großmann Gerrit , Backenköhler Michael , Wolf Verena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman mobility is the fuel of global pandemics. In this simulation study, we analyze how mobility restrictions mitigate epidemic processes and how this mitigation is influenced by the epidemic’s degree of dispersion.We find that (even imperfect) mobility restrictions are generally efficient in mitigating epidemic spreading. Notably, the effectiveness strongly depends on the dispersion of the offspring distribution associated with the epidemic. We also find that mobility restrictions are useful even when the pathogen is already prevalent in the whole population. However, also a delayed implementation is more efficient in the presence of overdispersion. Conclusively, this means that implementing green zones is easier for epidemics with overdispersed transmission dynamics (e.g., COVID-19). To study these relationships at an appropriate level of abstraction, we propose a spatial branching process model combining the flexibility of stochastic branching processes with an agent-based approach allowing a conceptualization of locality, saturation, and interaction structure.
Validation of the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in young adulthood
Authors: Eyre Olga , Jones Rhys Bevan , Agha Sharifah Shameem , Wootton Robyn E , Thapar Ajay K , Stergiakouli Evie , Langley Kate , Collishaw Stephan , Thapar Anita , Riglin Lucy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression often onsets in adolescence and is associated with recurrence in adulthood. There is a need to identify and monitor depression symptoms across adolescence and into young adulthood. The short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) is commonly used to measure depression symptoms in adolescence but has yet to be validated in young adulthood. This study aimed to (1) examine whether the sMFQ is a valid assessment of depression in young adults, and (2) identify cut-points that best capture a DSM-5 diagnosis of depression at age 25.MethodsThe sample included young people who took part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) at age 25 (n=4098). Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were used to examine how well the self-rated sMFQ discriminates between cases and non-cases of DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) classified using the self-rated Development and Well Being Assessment. Sensitivity and specificity values were used to identify cut-points on the sMFQ.ResultsThe sMFQ had high accuracy for discriminating MDD cases from non-cases at age 25. The commonly used cut-point in adolescence (≥12) performed well at this age, best balancing sensitivity and specificity. However, a lower cut-point (≥10) may be appropriate in some contexts, e.g. for screening, when sensitivity is favoured over specificity.LimitationsALSPAC is a longitudinal population cohort that suffers from non-random attrition.ConclusionsThe sMFQ is a valid measure of depression in young adults in the general population. It can be used to screen for and monitor depression across adolescence and early adulthood.
Single nuclei profiling identifies cell specific markers of skeletal muscle aging, sarcopenia and senescence
Authors: Perez Kevin , McGirr Julia , Limbad Chandani , Doi Ryosuke , Nederveen Joshua P , Nilsson Mats I , Tarnopolsky Mark , Campisi Judith , Melov Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAging is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, which causes numerous morbidities and economic burdens in human populations. Mechanisms implicated in age-related sarcopenia include inflammation, muscle stem cell depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of motor neurons, but whether there are key drivers of sarcopenia is not yet known. To gain deeper insights into age-related sarcopenia, we performed transcriptome profiling on lower limb muscle biopsies from 72 young, old and sarcopenic subjects using bulk RNA-seq (N = 72) and single-nuclei RNA-seq (N = 17). This combined approach revealed novel changes in gene expression that occur with age and sarcopenia in multiple cell types comprising mature skeletal muscle. Notably, we found increased expression of the genes MYH8 and PDK4, and decreased expression of the gene IGFN1, in old muscle. We validated key genes in fixed human muscle tissue using digital spatial profiling. We also identified a small population of nuclei that express CDKN1A, present only in aged samples, consistent with p21-driven senescence in this subpopulation. Overall, our findings identify unique cellular subpopulations in aged and sarcopenic skeletal muscle, which will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat age-related sarcopenia.
Clinical impact of the Predict Prostate risk communication tool in men newly diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thurtle David , Jenkins Val , Freeman Alex , Pearson Mike , Recchia Gabriel , Tamer Priya , Leonard Kelly , Pharoah Paul , Aning Jonathan , Madaan Sanjeev , Goh Chee , Hilman Serena , McCracken Stuart , Ilie Petre Cristian , Lazarowicz Henry , Gnanapragasam Vincent 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionPredict Prostate is a freely-available online personalised risk communication tool for men newly diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Its accuracy has been assessed in multiple validation studies but the clinical impact of the tool on patient decision-making had not previously been evaluated.MethodsA multi-centre randomised controlled trial was performed across 8 UK centres, wherein newly diagnosed men considering either active surveillance or radical treatment, were randomised to either standard of care (SOC) information or SOC and presentation of Predict Prostate. Validated questionnaires were completed assessing impact of the tool on decisional conflict, uncertainty, anxiety and understanding of survival.Results156 patients were included; mean age 67 years (range 44-80) and PSA of 6.9ng/ml (range 0.5-59.8). 81 were randomised to the Predict Prostate arm, and 75 to SOC information only. Mean decisional conflict scores were 26% lower in the Predict Prostate group (mean = 15.9) than in the SOC group (mean = 21.5) (p=0.01). Scores on the ‘effective decision’, ‘uncertainty’ and ‘value clarity’ subscales all indicated that the Predict Prostate group felt more informed and clear about their decision (all p<0.05). There was no significant difference in anxiety between the two groups.Patient perceptions of 15-year prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM) and overall survival benefit from radical treatment were considerably lower among men in the Predict Prostate group (p<0.0001). 58% of men reported the Predict Prostate estimates for PCSM were lower than expected, and 35% reported being less likely to select radical treatment. Over 90% of patients in the Predict Prostate group found it useful and 94% would recommend it to others.ConclusionPredict Prostate reduces decisional conflict and uncertainty in non-metastatic prostate cancer and shifts patient perceptions around prognosis to be more realistic. This is the first randomised study of such a tool in this context; it demonstrates Predict Prostate can directly inform the complex decision-making process in prostate cancer.
Training for object recognition with increasing spatial frequency: A comparison of deep learning with human vision
Authors: Avberšek Lev Kiar , Zeman Astrid , Op de Beeck Hans P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ontogenetic development of human vision, and the real-time neural processing of visual input, both exhibit a striking similarity – a sensitivity towards spatial frequencies that progress in a coarse-to-fine manner. During early human development, sensitivity for higher spatial frequencies increases with age. In adulthood, when humans receive new visual input, low spatial frequencies are typically processed first before subsequently guiding the processing of higher spatial frequencies. We investigated to what extent this coarse-to-fine progression might impact visual representations in artificial vision and compared this to adult human representations. We simulated the coarse-to-fine progression of image processing in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by gradually increasing spatial frequency information during training. We compared CNN performance, after standard and coarse-to-fine training, with a wide range of datasets from behavioural and neuroimaging experiments. In contrast to humans, CNNs that are trained using the standard protocol are very insensitive to low spatial frequency information, showing very poor performance in being able to classify such object images. By training CNNs using our coarse-to-fine method, we improved the classification accuracy of CNNs from 0% to 32% on low-pass filtered images taken from the ImageNet dataset. When comparing differently trained networks on images containing full spatial frequency information, we saw no representational differences. Overall, this integration of computational, neural, and behavioural findings shows the relevance of the exposure to and processing of input with a variation in spatial frequency content for some aspects of high-level object representations.
Association of patients’ past misdiagnosis experiences with trust in their current physician: the TRUMP2-Net study
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Yajima Nobuyuki , Sakurai Kosuke , Oguro Nao , Wakita Takafumi , Thom David H. , Kurita Noriaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious qualitative research has described that past misdiagnosis experiences may reduce patients’ own and their families’ trust in healthcare.ObjectiveTo quantify the associations between patients’ or family members’ misdiagnosis experiences and the former’s trust in their current physicians.DesignA cross-sectional online survey.ParticipantsAdult Japanese people with non-communicable diseases (cancer, diabetes, depression, heart disease, and connective tissue disease), recruited using a web-based panel survey.Main MeasuresThe misdiagnosis experiences of patients and their family members were measured as exposures. The former’s trust in their current physicians was measured using the Japanese version of the 11-item Trust in Physicians Scale modified by Thom, which was translated and validated by us for this study.Key ResultsA total of 661 patients with a mean age of 62.7 years were analyzed. Overall, 23.2% had a history of misdiagnosis and 20.4% had a family member who had been misdiagnosed. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was 0.91. The factor analysis suggested unidimensionality with all 11 loadings being higher than 0.40. In a multivariable-adjusted general linear model, patients’ and family members’ misdiagnosis experiences were associated with lower confidence in their current physicians (mean difference −4.30, 95%CI −8.12 to −0.49 and −3.20, 95%CI −6.34 to −0.05, respectively). An additive effect was suggested for the associations of patients’ and family’s experience of misdiagnosis on trust (P for interaction = 0.494).ConclusionsThe individuals’ and family members’ misdiagnosis experiences were associated with reduced trust in their current physicians. Interventions specifically targeting misdiagnosed patients are needed to restore patients’ confidence in their current physicians.
Description of a community paediatric strategy offering a package of services to prevent malnutrition among children in one health district in Mali
Authors: Roederer Thomas , Llosa Augusto E. , Shepherd Susan , Defourny Isabelle , Lacharité Michel-Olivier , Okonta Chibuzo , Magassa Mahamadou , Traoré Modibo , Schaefer Myrto , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe present results from an intervention case study, the Soins Preventifs de l’Enfant (SPE) project, in Konséguéla health area, Mali. The intervention involved a network of community health workers providing a comprehensive preventive/therapeutic package, ultimately aiming at reducing under 24-month mortality. Associated costs were documented to assess the feasibility of replication and scale-up.MethodsSPE program monitoring data were obtained from booklets specific to the program between 2010 and 2014. Data included sex, age, vaccination status, anthropometric measurements, Ready-To-Use-Supplementary Food distribution, morbidities reported by the mother between visits, hospitalizations over 18 months of follow-up. Cross-sectional surveys in the district of Koutiala, of which Konséguéla is one health area, were conducted yearly between 2010 and 2014 for comparison, using difference-in-difference approach. Ethical approval was granted from the Malian Ethical Committee.ResultsGlobal and Severe Acute Malnutrition prevalences decreased over time in Konséguéla as well as in the rest of the district, but the difference between areas was not significant. Children reaching 24 months were 20% less stunted in Konséguéla than children the same age outside (p<0.001). Mortality rates significantly decreased more in Konséguéla, while vaccination coverage for all antigens significantly increased in the meantime. The package cost approximately USD 95 per child per year; 56% of which was for the RUSF.ConclusionThe results of this case study suggest a sustained impact of a community based, comprehensive health package on major child health indicators. Most notably, while improvements in acute malnutrition were found in the district as a whole, those in the intervention area were more pronounced. Trends for other indicators suggest additional benefits.
Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Ugandan adults who resist versus those who develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Thiel Bonnie A. , Worodria William , Nalukwago Sophie , Nsereko Mary , Sanyu Ingvar , Rejani Lalitha , Zawedde Josephine , Canaday David H , Stein Catherine M , Chervenak Keith A , Malone LaShaunda L , Kiyemba Ronald , Silver Richard F , Johnson John L , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Boom W Henry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe search for immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in humans is limited by the focus on peripheral blood measures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can safely be done and provides insight into cellular function in the lung where infection is first established. In this study, blood and lung samples were assayed to determine if heavily MTB exposed persons who resist development of latent MTB infection (RSTR) vs those who develop latent MTB infection (LTBI), differ in the make-up of resident BAL innate and adaptive immune cells.MethodsBronchoscopy was performed on 21 healthy long-term Ugandan RSTR and 25 LTBI participants. Immune cell distributions in BAL and peripheral blood were compared by differential cell counting and flow cytometry.ResultsThe bronchoscopy procedure was well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Differential macrophage and lymphocyte frequencies in BAL differed between RSTR and LTBI. When corrected for age, this difference lost statistical significance. BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were almost entirely composed of effector memory T cells in contrast to PBMC, and did not differ between RSTR and LTBI. BAL NKT, γδ T cells and NK cells also did not differ between RTSR and LTBI participants. There was a marginally significant increase (p=0.034) in CD8 T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in PBMC of LTBI vs RSTR participants.ConclusionThis observational case-control study comparing unstimulated BAL from RSTR vs LTBI, did not find evidence of large differences in the distribution of baseline BAL immune cells. PBMC TEMRA cell percentage was higher in LTBI relative to RSTR suggesting a role in the maintenance of latent MTB infection. Functional immune studies are required to determine if and how RSTR and LTBI BAL immune cells differ in response to MTB.
Stepwise Oxidations Play Key Roles in the Structural and Functional Regulations of DJ-1
Authors: Song In-Kang , Kim Mi-Sun , Ferrell James E. , Shin Dong-Hae , Lee Kong-Joo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDJ-1 is known to play neuroprotective roles by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an antioxidant protein. However, the molecular mechanism of DJ-1 function has not been well elucidated. This study explored the structural and functional changes of DJ-1 in response to oxidative stress. We found that Cys46 is also reactive cysteine residue in DJ-1, which was identified employing an NPSB-B chemical probe that selectively reacts with redox sensitive cysteine sulfhydryl. Peroxidatic Cys46 readily formed an intra-disulfide bond with resolving Cys53, which was identified with nanoUPLC-ESI-q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing DBond algorithm under the non-reducing condition. We also found that Cys46-Cys53 disulfide crosslinking affects the oxidative state of the third Cys106, which shows the crosstalk among three cysteine residues of DJ-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DJ-1 C46A mutant, not forming Cys46-Cys53 intra-disulfide bond, lost structural stability of DJ-1 employing hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) analysis. All three Cys mutants lost antioxidant activities in SN4741 cell, a dopaminergic neuronal cell, unlike wild type DJ-1. These findings suggest that DJ-1 regulates its structure and activities by concerted oxidative modifications of three cysteine residues. These studies broaden the understanding of regulatory mechanisms of DJ-1 that operate under oxidative conditions.