bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PERUBAHAN FISIK IBU HAMIL PRIMIGRAVIDA PADA TRIMESTER PERTAMA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESKAS MARTAPURA TIMUR TAHUN 2020
Authors: Widniah Any Zahrotul , Fatia Mila 
Published: December 2021

Ibu hamil harus memahami masalah tentang kesehatan selama menjalani kehamilan, akan terjadi perubahan pada seorang ibu saat mengalami kehamilan. Seperti perubahan pada bentuk fisik, psikologis, dan juga sosial. Terjadinya perubahan fisik pada wanita selama hamil disebaban oleh beberapa efek khusus dari hormon. Tujuan pada penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan tentang perubahan fisik ibu hamil primigravida pada trimester pertama di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Martapura Timur. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dengan populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 25 orang, sampel yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah 25 responden melalui metode total sampling, menggunakan Instrument kuesioner dan analisis menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menujukan rentan usia 20-30 tahun yaitu 14 (56%) responden, berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan yaitu SMA 13 (52%) responden, pekerjaan ibu tidak bekerja yaitu 21 (84%) responden, dan pengetahuan tentang perubahan ibu hamil primigravida pada trimester pertama mayoritas berkategori baik yaitu 12 responden (48%). Hasil pada penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan informasi dan masukan dalam memberi pelayanan pada asuhan keperawatan yang komperhensif dan sebagai salah satu bahan penyuluhan kesehatan baik secara umum maupun secara khusus.
Patient Perspectives on the Cancellation of Elective Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sequeira Sean B. , Novicoff Wendy M. , McVey Eric D. , Noble David M. , Harb Matthew A. , Taliaferro John P. , Browne James A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the unprecedented widespread cancellation of scheduled elective primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the United States. The impact of postponing scheduled total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty procedures on patients has not been well studied and may have physical, emotional, and financial consequences.

Methods:
All patients whose elective primary TJA procedures at a tertiary academic medical center were postponed because of COVID-19 were surveyed. Seventy-four patients agreed to answer 13 questions concerning the physical, mental, and financial impact of surgery cancellation. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation coefficients, cross-tabulation analysis, and chi squares, was performed.

Results:
13.5% of patients strongly disagreed with the use of “elective” to describe their cancelled TJA surgery and 25.7% of patients reported substantial physical and/or mental deterioration due to postponement. Younger individuals experienced greater change in their symptoms (P = 0.034), anxiety about their pain (P = 0.010), and frustration/anger (P = 0.043). Poor quality of life, mood, and lower HOOS/KOOS Jr interval scores were correlated with greater financial strain, disagreement with the postponement, and disagreement with the use of “elective” to describe surgery. Disagreement with the use of “elective” to describe surgery was associated with greater financial strain (P = 0.013) and disagreement with the decision to postpone surgery (P = 0.008). In addition, greater financial strain was associated with disagreement with postponement (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:
The cancellation of elective TJA during the COVID-19 pandemic had a variety of consequences for patients. One in four patients reported experiencing substantial physical and/or emotional deterioration. Associations of poor quality of life and mood with greater financial strain and disagreement with the term “elective” were seen. These results help quantify the deleterious effects of cancelling elective surgery and identify at-risk patients should another postponement of surgery occur.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—Prospective cohort study
Do Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Scores Predict the Likelihood of Passing the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I Examination? An Update With 2014 to 2018 Data
Authors: Fritz Erik , Bednar Michael , Harrast John , Marsh J. Lawrence , Martin David , Swanson David , Tornetta Paul , Van Heest Ann 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Previous research shows a correlation in performance between the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Certifying Examination Part I; however, these studies are not current, with the most recent data from 2009. The purpose of this study was to update the relationship between the OITE and ABOS Part I scores with the five most recent nationwide cohorts of Part I scores and their corresponding OITE scores.

Methods:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons provided the results for each resident taking the OITE from 2013 to 2017. The ABOS provided the results for each resident taking the Part I examination from 2014 to 2018. These two datasets were matched at the individual level and analyzed.

Results:
Between 2014 and 2018, 3,502 first-time test-takers were present for the ABOS Part I Examination. A 96.6% pass rate was noted (3,383 of 3,502). A statistically significant correlation between the OITE score and ABOS Part I score was observed at all levels of training: postgraduate year (PGY) 1 r = 0.380, PGY2 r = 0.463, PGY3 r = 0.498, PGY4 r = 0.504, and PGY5 r = 0.504 (P < 0.001 for all correlations).

Conclusion:
The OITE scores continue to correlate with the ABOS scores and the pass rate for the ABOS with moderate strength correlation. However, although a correlation of the examinations exists when evaluated as a group, the predictive value of the OITE for passing the Part I examination for any specific individual is far from perfect. Individuals with PGY5 OITE percentile scores less than 10 pass the Part I examination, and individuals with PGY5 OITE percentile scores greater than 90 fail the Part I examination.
MØDER MED ERICA
Authors: Hoeck Kristian 
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel handler om menneske-robot-mødet. Det konkrete møde mellem den semiautonome kommunikationsandroide Erica og hendes forskellige samtalepartnere samt mødet som den kommunikative form, der definerer robot-menneske-relationen. Mit grundlæggende spørgsmål er: Hvad definerer en relation,når den kalibreres i mødet mellem et menneske og en robot? Gennem artiklen viser jeg, hvordan researcherne tester, kortlægger og implementerer kulturelt medierede udtryk på menneskelig adfærd til robot-menneske-mødet. Her fokuserer jeg på, hvordan relationens kvaliteter, struktur og iboende egenskaber defineres gennem dette arbejde. Både mennesket og robotter behandles som kommunikationssystemer, der skal finde en fælles kommunikativ form, som kan struktureres til robottens algoritmiske forståelse og samtidig udtrykkes gennem mere eller mindre stabile og afkodelige udtryk for menneskeligt samvær. Selve relationen, foreslår jeg, kan i robot-menneske-mødet forstås som en semiotisk form, hvis egenskaber kommer til udtryk i det kommunikative forhold formen muliggør. Mit postulat gennem artiklen bliver, at i robotforskernes iscenesættelse bliver selve relationen rekalibreret som en form, der kan afstemmes til både et algoritmisk kodet og et kulturelt medieret adfærdsmønster. I processen, foreslår jeg til slut, bliver både robotten og mennesket standardiseret til en teknokulturel kalibrering af menneskelig adfærd.
Søgeord: humanoide robotter, semiotik, form, relationalitet, teknovidenskab, standardisering
The 27-Item Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire: A New Brief Measure Including Treatment Burden and Work Life
Authors: Beckmann Helen , Heesen Christoph , Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Treatment- and work-related aspects have been neglected in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to develop a brief instrument covering all important impairment-, activity-, participation-, and treatment-related aspects for use in research and practice.

METHODS
The 27-item Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MS-QLQ27) was developed using open item collection, a multidisciplinary expert panel, and cognitive pretesting. It was evaluated for reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness in 100 patients presenting with relapse (84 at follow-up ~14 days later). Construct validity was analyzed by correlating the MS-QLQ27 with the disease-specific Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in MS (HAQUAMS) and generic HRQOL instruments. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to analyze known-groups validity. Responsiveness was determined as the correlation of changes in MS-QLQ27 scores with changes in validation criteria.

RESULTS
Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α = 0.94 at baseline and 0.93 at follow-up). Convergent validity was supported by direction and magnitude of associations with disease-specific and generic instruments. Correlations with change in convergent criteria were strong, indicating responsiveness. The HAQUAMS showed the strongest associations with the MS-QLQ27. The MS-QLQ27 showed the highest effect size compared with other patient-reported outcomes and the EDSS. It successfully distinguished between levels of disease severity.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the MS-QLQ27 is a reliable, valid, and highly responsive instrument for assessing HRQOL during relapse evolution in MS. Its advantages are that it is brief yet comprehensive, covering work- and treatment-related aspects not addressed in previous measures.
Seven ecological and technical attributes for biofilm‐based recovery of shorebird populations in intertidal flat ecosystems
Authors: Kuwae Tomohiro , Elner Robert W. , Amano Tatsuya , Drever Mark C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Soft‐bottomed intertidal flats are essential foraging areas for shorebirds but are severely impacted by threats such as coastal development and climate change. Notwithstanding the urgency for humanintervention (conservation, restoration and creation) of tidal flats, few ecologically based technical guidelines exist for the artificial (clearly intended human intervention) intertidal flats, and none explicitly consider the unique properties of intertidal biofilm as a critical food source for small‐bodied shorebirds.

We propose that effective human intervention in intertidal flat ecosystems can be developed through mirroring the needs of small‐bodied shorebirds. Scientific evidence from intertidal flat recovery projects in Japan is summarized, and foraging requirements of shorebirds are reviewed with a focus on intertidal biofilm as a critical food source.

These findings are used to propose the primary goal of intervention, that is maximizing total energy intake for population recovery of small‐bodied shorebirds through biofilm. Three sub‐goals are presented for creating environmental conditions in which (1) a broad spectrum of food sources is available, but particularly intertidal biofilm; (2) maximizing energy intake rate per individual; and (3) maximizing foraging activity. We then describe seven key ecologically based technical attributes for artificial intertidal flats that promote use by small‐bodied shorebirds: depositional environment, complex shoreline, gentle slope, gradient of grain sizes from muddy to sandy, maximum water depth at the lowest tide 5 cm or less, freshwater inflow and unobstructed sight‐lines.

Critical questions remain for effective intervention in intertidal flat ecosystems, including food web dynamics, variation in the quality and quantity of food sources, especially biofilm, optimal sedimentary environment systems (interaction between grain size, bed slope and elevation), monitoring involving comparisons with appropriate benchmark (control) habitats, quantifying foraging behaviour and the synergy and trade‐offs among ecosystem services.
A hybrid approach based on deep learning and level set formulation for liver segmentation in CT images
Authors: Gong Zhaoxuan , Guo Cui , Guo Wei , Zhao Dazhe , Tan Wenjun , Zhou Wei , Zhang Guodong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate liver segmentation is essential for radiation therapy planning of hepatocellular carcinoma and absorbed dose calculation. However, liver segmentation is a challenging task due to the anatomical variability in both shape and size and the low contrast between liver and its surrounding organs. Thus we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated liver segmentation. In our method, fractional differential enhancement is firstly applied for preprocessing. Subsequently, an initial liver segmentation is obtained by using a CNN. Finally, accurate liver segmentation is achieved by the evolution of an active contour model. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods. One hundred fifty CT scans are evaluated for the experiment. For liver segmentation, Dice of 95.8%, true positive rate of 95.1%, positive predictive value of 93.2%, and volume difference of 7% are calculated. In addition, the values of these evaluation measures show that the proposed method is able to provide a precise and robust segmentation estimate, which can also assist the manual liver segmentation task.
Inverse Design of Nanoparticles Using Multi‐Target Machine Learning
Authors: Li Sichao , Barnard Amanda S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study a new approach to inverse design is presented that draws on the multi‐functionality of nanomaterials and uses sets of properties to predict a unique nanoparticle structure. This approach involves multi‐target regression and uses a precursory forward structure/property prediction to focus the model on the most important characteristics before inverting the problem and simultaneously predicting multiple structural features of a single nanoparticle. The workflow is general, as demonstrated on two nanoparticle data sets, and can rapidly predict property/structure relationships to guide further research and development without the need for additional optimization or high‐throughput sampling.
Modular reactors with electrical resistance heating for hydrocarbon cracking and other endothermic reactions
Authors: Balakotaiah Vemuri , Ratnakar Ram R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate by calculations novel modular reactor configurations with electrical resistance heating for endothermic reactions such as cracking and steam reforming of hydrocarbons. The basic unit of each module consists of a set of wires, tubes, plates, monolith, or gauze/wire meshes arranged in parallel or series to satisfy the current–voltage constraints. The smaller dimensions such as spacing and diameter are selected to obtain nearly uniform heating temperature within the reaction zone.
Cutting COF‐like C4N to Give Colloidal Quantum Dots: Towards Optical Encryption and Bidirectional Sulfur Chemistry via Functional Group and Edge Effects
Authors: Shu Chenhao , Fang Long , Yang Meijia , Zhong Linfeng , Chen Xiaochuan , Yu Dingshan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the first synthesis of colloidal C4N quantum dots (QDs) and their functional composites and explore their optical activities and edge‐selective polysulfide adsorption‐catalysis. As‐obtained C4NQDs are rich in carbonyl groups and edges, allowing good solution processability and facile assembly with other moieties for creating functionalities. While C4NQDs show normal fluorescence (FL), the QD/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites give FL/room‐temperature‐phosphorescence (RTP) dual‐mode emission, enabling the corresponding solution to be used as an encryption ink. The QDs anchored onto carbon nanotubes can be used as a barrier layer to decorate commercial separators, endowing a Li−S cell with excellent cycling stability, high rate capability, and large areal capacity. Computation and experiment studies show that edge sites in C4N favor polysulfide adsorption and catalysis and the enriched edges and carbonyl groups in QDs synergically promotecatalytic conversion of sulfur species.
Psychological causes, correlates, and consequences of materialism
Authors: Shrum L. J. , Chaplin Lan Nguyen , Lowrey Tina M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaterialism has a long history in consumer research, and the volume of research continues to expand rapidly. In this article, we review extant research on materialism, with a particular focus on research in the last 10 years. We structure the review around the antecedents and consequences of materialism. We first provide a brief review of the different conceptualizations of materialism. We then discuss antecedents in terms of interpersonal influences (socialization factors—parents, peers, and media) and intrapersonal influences (psychological factors—self‐esteem, power, belongingness, and self‐concept clarity). Next, we discuss some consequences of materialism, such as well‐being, gratitude, and prosocial attitudes and behaviors. Finally, we conclude with suggestions for future research.
Negative valence of hallucinatory voices as predictor of cortical glutamatergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Hjelmervik Helene , Craven Alexander R. , Johnsen Erik , Kompus Kristiina , Bless Josef J. , Sinkeviciute Igne , Kroken Rune A. , Løberg Else‐Marie , Ersland Lars , Grüner Renate , Sommer Iris E. , Hugdahl Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesNegative emotional valence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia can be a source of distress and is considered a strong predictor of illness severity. Previous studies have found glutamate to mediate AVH severity in frontal and temporal brain regions, however, they do not specifically address emotional valence of AVH. The role of glutamate for the experience of negative‐ versus positive emotional valence of AVH is therefore unknown and was investigated in the current study.MethodsUsing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), 37 schizophrenia patients had Glx (glutamate+glutamine) measured in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and additionally in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right STG, or in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Self‐reported emotional valence in AVH was measured with the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ‐R).ResultsResults from linear mixed models showed that negative emotional valence was associated with reduced Glx levels across all four measured brain regions in the frontal and temporal lobe. More specifically, voices that were experienced to be omnipotent (p = 0.04) and that the patients attempted to resist (p = 0.04) were related to lower Glx levels. Follow‐up analysis of the latter showed that voices that evoked emotional resistance (i.e., fear, sadness, anger), rather than behavioral resistance, was a significant predictor of reduced glutamate (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe findings could indicate aberrant glutamatergic signaling, or increased NMDA‐receptor hypoactivity in patients who experience their voices to be more emotionally negative. Overall, the study provides support for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Mechanochemical, Water‐Assisted Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Ruthenium Catalyst
Authors: Kolcsár Vanessza Judit , Szőllősi György 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAsymmetric catalytic reactions are among the most convenient and environmentally benign methods to obtain optically pure compounds. The aim of this study was to develop a green system for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones, applying chiral Ru catalyst in aqueous media and mechanochemical energy transmission. Using a ball mill we have optimized the milling parameters in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone followed by reduction of various substituted derivatives. The scope of the method was extended to carbo‐ and heterocyclic ketones. The scale‐up of the developed system was successful, the optically enriched alcohols could be obtained in high yields. The developed mechanochemical system provides TOFs up to 168 h−1. Our present study is the first in which mechanochemically activated enantioselective transfer hydrogenations were carried out, thus, may be a useful guide for the practical synthesis of optically pure chiral secondary alcohols.
Sensitivity Analysis and Multi‐Objective Optimization of Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane in a Fixed‐bed Reactor over Vanadium/Graphene for Propylene Production
Authors: Fazlinezhad Armin , Fattahi Moslem , Tavakoli-Chaleshtori Rouzbeh , Rezaveisi Hosna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes is an attractive route for the production of olefins. This method does not need much energy, while common processes such as propane dehydrogenation and cracking require external energy resources and cause rapid catalyst deactivation. In this research, an isothermal one‐dimensional model of a fixed‐bed reactor was considered for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over a V2O5/graphene catalyst. Operational parameter sensitivity analysis showed that high temperature (450–500 °C), high pressure (7–8 atm), a moderate molar propane to air feed ratio (about 0.7), and a low feed flow rate enhanced the propane conversion and propylene productivity. However, for the production of propylene as desirable product, low temperature, low pressure, a high molar ratio, and a high feed flow rate are preferred. Thus, to determine the exact interval of operational parameter values, a multi‐objective optimization was performed for the yields of propylene and COx, revealing a maximum propylene yield of ∼40 %. For safety reasons, a feed molar ratio of propane to air of > 0.6 was preferred, which is not in the flammable region.
Comparative Kinetic Analysis and Process Optimization for the Production of Dimethyl Ether via Methanol Dehydration over a γ‐Alumina Catalyst
Authors: Al-Rabiah Abdulrahman A. , Alshehri Abdulelah S. , Ibn Idriss Arimiyawo , Abdelaziz Omar Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarious kinetic models of methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether over a commercial γ‐alumina catalyst were compared with a view to selecting the most appropriate model as a basis for process optimization. To achieve significant improvements in the conventional design, the Berčič‐and‐Levec kinetic model was employed and process intensification was applied to develop a more energy‐efficient process, by enhancing the adiabatic reactor performance and maximizing the heat recovery from the highly exothermic reactor. The single‐pass conversion of methanol was increased to 83 %, with an inlet temperature of 217 °C to the adiabatic reactor. Application of process intensification resulted in an improved flowsheet, which reduced the total energy requirements by 59.3 % and cut the CO2 emissions by 60.8 %.
Functionalization of Graphite Electrodes with Aryl Diazonium Salts for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bauer Marina , Pfeifer Kristina , Luo Xianlin , Radinger Hannes , Ehrenberg Helmut , Scheiba Frieder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe functionalization of electrode surfaces is a useful approach to gain a better understanding of solid–electrolyte interphase formation and battery performance in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electrografting and deprotection of alkyl silyl protected ethynyl aryl diazonium salts on graphite electrodes were performed. Furthermore, electrografting of aryl diazonium salts carrying functional groups such as amino, carboxy and nitro, and their influence on the electrochemical performance in LIBs were investigated. The drawbacks of electrografted and especially deprotected samples were evaluated and compared to corresponding in situ grafted samples. While electrografted samples tend to lower the delithiation capacities, in situ grafted samples, except amino groups, reveal higher capacities. Ethynyl (TMS) shows improved capacities at 1 C and better capacity retention compared to the pristine graphite electrode. Additionally, the Coulombic efficiency of the first cycle was enhanced for in situ grafted samples.