bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating muscle mass cutoffs of four international sarcopenia‐working groups in Japanese people using DXA and BIA
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Yamada Minoru , Yoshida Tsukasa , Miyachi Motohiko , Arai Hidenori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 recommended the use of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM). AWGS, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH), and International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) reported different cutoff values for sarcopenia. We aimed to validate these cutoff values in a Japanese population using DXA and two different devices of segmental multi‐frequency BIA (MF‐BIA).MethodsWe examined the data of Japanese individuals aged 18–86 years using the DXA (n = 756) and two 8‐electrode MF‐BIA devices (InBody and TANITA MC) (n = 1884). To validate these cutoff values, we used a population aged 18–40 years, and calculated the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of [mean−2SD].ResultsIn DXA, the 95%CIs of [mean−2SD] for ALM/Ht2 were 5.2–5.8 and 6.6–7.3 kg/m2 in women and men, respectively. The AWGS (<5.4 in women and <7.0 in men), and IWGS (≤5.67 in women and ≤7.23 in men) cutoffs were acceptable. Regarding TANITA MC, the 95%CIs of [mean−2SD] for ALM/Ht2 were 5.6–6.0 and 6.9–7.4 kg/m2 in women and men, respectively. The AWGS (<5.7 in women and <7.0 in men), EWGSOP2 (<6.0 in women and <7.0 in men), and IWGS cutoffs were acceptable. Regarding InBody, the 95%CIs of [mean−2SD] for ALM/Ht2 were 4.8–5.2 and 6.4–6.8 kg/m2 in young women and men, respectively. All cutoff values were too high compared to those measured by InBody. InBody and TANITA MC were highly correlated (P < 0.001), but the values by InBody were significantly lower than those by TANITA MC or DXA. Using Yamada's equation for InBody raw data, the AWGS, EWGSOP2, or IWGS cutoffs were acceptable. The BMI‐adjusted muscle mass cutoff values were <0.60 and <0.82 m2 in women and men, respectively. We also obtained the 20th percentile in older adult population (ALM/Ht2, <6.2 in women and <7.5 in men for TANITA MC; <5.4 in women and <7.0 in men for InBody).ConclusionsThe AWGS and IWGS cutoffs were valid for DXA, and the AWGS, IWGS, and EWGSOP2 cutoffs were valid for TANITA MC in Japanese population. Because the prevalence of sarcopenia is too low particularly in women when using those criteria, the 20th percentile might be a good alternative criteria. If the ALM original InBody values are used, the cutoffs should be <5.0 kg/m2 in women and <6.6 kg/m2 in men.
In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by serum 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D levels: A retrospective study
Authors: Al‐Jarallah Mohammed , Rajan Rajesh , Dashti Raja , Al Saber Ahmad , Pan Jiazhu , Zhanna Kobalava D. , Abdelnaby Hassan , Aboelhassan Wael , Almutairi Farah , Abdullah Mohammed , Alotaibi Naser , Al Saleh Mohammad , Al Nasrallah Noor , Al‐Bader Bader , Malhas Haya , Ramadhan Maryam , Hamza Mahdy , Brady Peter A. , Al‐Zakwani Ibrahim , Alroomi Moudhi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is done to estimаte in‐hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in раtients with severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 (SАRS‐СоV‐2) strаtified by Vitamin‐D (Vit‐D) levels. Раtients were strаtified ассоrding tо by serum 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D (25(OH)Vit‐D) levels intо twо grоuрs, that is, 25(OH)Vit‐D less thаn 40 nmol/L аnd 25(OH)Vit‐D greаter thаn 40 nmol/L. А tоtаl оf 231 раtients were inсluded. Оf these, 120 (50.2%) оf the раtients hаd 25(OH)Vit‐D levels greаter thаn 40 nmol/L. The meаn аge wаs 49 ± 17 yeаrs, аnd 67% оf the раtients were mаles. The mediаn length оf оverаll hоsрitаl stаy wаs 18 [6; 53] dаys. The remаining 119 (49.8%) раtients hаd а 25(OH)Vit‐D less thаn 40 nmol/L. Vitamin D levels were seen as deficient in 63% of patients, insufficient in 25% and normal in 12%. Оverаll mоrtаlity wаs 17 раtients (7.1%) but statistically not signifiсаnt among the grоuрs (p = 0.986). The Kарlаn–Meier survivаl аnаlysis shоwed no significance based on an alpha of 0.05, LL = 0.36, df = 1, p = 0.548, indicating Vitamin_D_Levels was not able to adequately predict the hazard of Mortality. In this study, serum 25(OH)Vit‐D levels were found have no significance in terms of predicting the in‐hоsрitаl mortality in раtients with SАRS‐СоV‐2.
Highly sensitive determination of methionine by solvent‐based de‐emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using bio‐stabilized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Mansouri Sorour , Rastegarzadeh Saadat , Motamedi Hossein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a solvent‐based de‐emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method coupled with surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles was developed for determination of trace levels of methionine. The stable and dispersed silver nanoparticles were synthesized by applying ascorbic acid as reducer and Stenotrophomonas sp. bacterial suspension as bio‐stabilizer and then preconcentrated in organic phase according to a facile dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure based on 1‐octanol as extraction solvent, methyltrioctylammonium chloride (aliquat 336) as disperser and acetone as de‐emulsifier. The presence of methionine influenced the intensity of plasmon resonance absorbance of silver nanoparticles, which was employed as a colorimetric probe for the determination of this amino acid. Under the optimal conditions, the linear analytical range of 5.6 to 234.5 nmol/L and a detection limit of 3.4 nmol/L were achieved for methionine. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate measurements of 33.5 and 107.2 nmol/L of methionine was 4.3 and 2.1%, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of methionine in biological samples.
New CUSUM and Shewhart‐CUSUM charts for monitoring the process mean
Authors: Haq Abdul , Munir Waqas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe CUmulative SUM (CUSUM) charts have sensitive nature against small and moderate shifts that occur in the process parameter(s). In this article, we propose the CUSUM and combined Shewhart‐CUSUM charts for monitoring the process mean using the best linear unbiased estimator of the location parameter based on ordered double‐ranked set sampling (RSS) scheme, where the CUSUM chart refers to the Crosier's CUSUM chart. The run‐length characteristics of the proposed CUSUM charts are computed with the Monte Carlo simulations. The run‐length profiles of the proposed CUSUM charts are compared with those of the CUSUM charts based on simple random sampling, RSS, and ordered RSS schemes. It is found that the proposed CUSUM charts uniformly outperform their existing counterparts when detecting all different kinds of shifts in the process mean. A real data set is also considered to explain the implementation of the proposed CUSUM charts.
Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Method Route to TiO2−SiO2 Catalysts with Hierarchical Pores and Their Oximation of Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Li Fanqing , Zhou Zhiwei , Qin Juan , Liu Chuanfa , Liu Yangyang , He Binbin , Xia Guangbo , Wu Wenliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHierarchical porous titanosilicates with titanium species as high as 6 wt.% were successfully prepared by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly method with the CTAB and TPAOH as two templates in this paper. The physical and chemical properties for the prepared materials were characterized by many techniques such as XRD, N2 sorption, SEM, TEM, ICP, XPS, DR‐UV and FT‐IR etc., and the catalytic performance in the oximation of different ketones and aldehydes was also investigated. Based on the characterization results, the CTAB template is essential to the formation of the ordered mesopores resulting that above 85 % of titanium species can be incorporated into the titanosilicates. The 0.15 C‐0.06TS catalyst with uniform titanium species distribution shows higher catalytic performance than classical TS‐1 zeolite in the ketones and aldehydes oximation, and it showed high catalytic stability in the cycloheptanone oximation even after reused for five times. The results provide a valuable reference for the potential industrial application in the oximation of ketone.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Potent Urease Inhibitors Based on Benzoxazole Scaffold
Authors: Özil Musa , Tuzcuoğlu Özge , Baltaş Nimet , Emirik Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis, in silico molecular docking, and in vitro urease inhibition studies of a novel series of benzoxazole derivatives. The title compound in the series namely (2‐(benzo[d]oxazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐(4‐substitute‐phenyl)ethan‐1‐one oxime was synthesized by the reaction of 2‐aminophenol with different kinds of intermediates in several steps through both conventional and microwave techniques. All compounds were found to have an excellent degree of urease inhibitory potential ranging from 0.46±0.01 to 46.10±0.45 μM in compared with standard inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid with IC50 320.70±4.24 μM. Structure‐activity relationship was established in detail. In addition, we confirmed the binding interactions of compounds with enzymes using molecular docking.
Sulfonamide‐β‐lactam Hybrids Incorporating the Piperazine Moiety as Potential Antiinflammatory Agent with Promising Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Heiran Roghayeh , Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Riazimontazer Elham , Gholami Ahmad , Troudi Azza , Digiorgio Carole , Brunel Jean Michel , Turos Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral monocyclic β‐lactams have been synthesized via a [2+2] ketene–imine cycloaddition reaction (Staudinger reaction) and evaluated for their biological activities. The structure of synthesized products was confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses. β‐Lactams 4 b and 4 h exhibited 31 and 27 anti‐inflammatory ratios, respectively, which are as well as the well‐known dexamethasone corticosteroid with a 32 anti‐inflammatory ratio. The two most active compounds 4 b and 4 h showed IC50 values more than 200 μM against the HepG2 cell line, in comparison with doxorubicin (IC50<1 μM), indicated biocompatibility and nontoxic behavior. 4 d, 4 j, 4 k, and 4 l, were active against S. aureus and E. coli and had broad spectrum property. The tested compounds were subjected to in silico prediction of pharmacokinetics properties (ADMET) to assess the potential in vivo effectiveness. The molecular docking study confirmed that the active inhibitors 4 b and 4 h are well fitted in the iNOS active site. This data suggests that 4 b and 4 h could potentially serve as effective iNOS inhibitors, a represent promising lead compounds for treating inflammatory disorders.
Self‐Assembled Au/TiO2 Composite Photo‐Anode Film for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Xi Xiaoyan , Ma Xiangrong , Gong Ying , Bi Shiqing , Wang Hanying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a simple method of preparing high‐performance composite photo‐anode by in situ self‐assembly gold nanoparticle (Au NP) on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) electron transport layer for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By transmission electron microscope (TEM) test, the size of Au NP is about 5 nm. Energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) shows that self‐assembly metal nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the photo‐anode. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NPs, the absorption of the composite photo‐anode in the visible light is enhanced. And the result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the impedance of electron transmission is reduced and the electron life of solar cell is increased. As a result, the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of Au/TiO2‐DSSCs significantly improved from 5.74 % to 7.05 % under optimal condition. What's more, the improvement in PCE does not affect its stability. We think that this work can improve the efficiency of solar cells by constructing Au/TiO2 composite photo‐anode, which is beneficial to its commercial application.
In Vitro and In Silico Anti‐plasmodial Evaluation of Newly Synthesized β‐Carboline Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Sachdeva Cheryl , Waidha Kamran , Sharma Sunil , Ray Devalina , Kumar Kaushik Naveen , Saha Biswajit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeries of novel thiourea and guanidine conjugated β‐carbolines along with other analogues of this class were designed and synthesized for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum to overcome the threat of resistance to anti‐malarial drug. Among them, two guanidine conjugated β‐carbolines 7 a and 7 c showed promising activities against both sensitive and resistant strains Pf3D7 and PfINDO with the IC50 values ranging from 0.6–1.0 μM. The relative activities were further supported by in silico docking and binding studies of the synthesized scaffolds against specific targets, revealing that DHFR and FP3 may act as a potential target for 7 a and 7 c respectively.
Pet rat welfare in the United Kingdom: The good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Neville Vikki , Mounty Jessica , Benato Livia , Hunter Kristina , Mendl Michael , Paul Elizabeth S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground: To date, despite the substantial literature investigating how rats prefer to be kept in captivity, no research has been conducted to assess the housing, husbandry and health of pet rats.Methods: To better understand the United Kingdom's pet rat population and the welfare issues they face, we conducted an online survey of pet rat owners. The survey included questions about the owner and their opinions about pet rats, and about their rats' health, husbandry and housing.Results: The results, from 677 complete responses, highlighted areas of rat care that were “good”, “bad” and “ugly” (i.e. likely to be highly detrimental to welfare). The good was that many rats were provided with a social companion and enrichment; the bad was that we could not be certain whether rats had a sufficiently nutritious diet or sufficient opportunities to explore or adequate nesting substrate; and the ugly included cases of exposure of rats to predator species within the home and a generally high prevalence of disease.Conclusions: We conclude that there is much cause for concern about the welfare of pet rats in the United Kingdom.
Suspected cases of puffinosis in Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) admitted to wildlife rescue centres in France in 2017 and 2018 late summers
Authors: Botman Julie , Gourlay Philippe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the late summers of 2017 and 2018, five moribund Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) collected from the French Atlantic coast were admitted to local wildlife rehabilitation centres. All birds were in poor body condition and had foot web lesions (blisters or necrosis). They died or were euthanised within 3 weeks of capture. Apart from dry necrosis of the foot webs and/or foot web loss areas, no other significant gross lesions were observed at the post‐mortem examination. Histopathological analyses performed on dry foot web lesions revealed epidermal necrosis and cocci invasion. Because of the history of the event, the observed clinical signs and the results of the post‐mortem investigations, the disease “puffinosis” was strongly suspected. While this disease is well known to affect Manx shearwaters from Welsh breeding colonies, it was the first time such cases were reported in France.
The Higgs mechanism in nonlocal field theory
Authors: Modesto Leonardo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We provide an example of nonlocal scalar electrodynamics that allows the same Higgs mechanism so successful in local field theory. The nonlocal action is structured in order to have the same exact solutions and the same equations of motion for perturbations of the local theory, at any perturbative order. Therefore, the perturbative degrees of freedom that propagate in the unstable vacuum are reshuffled when the stable vacuum is replaced in the EoM, but their number does not change at any perturbative order, and their properties are the same like in the usual local theory. Finally, the theory is superrenormalizable or finite at quantum level.
Magneto-vortical effect in strong magnetic field
Authors: Lin Shu , Yang Lixin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We develop covariant chiral kinetic theory with Landau level basis. We use it to investigate a magnetized plasma with a transverse electric field and a steady vorticity as perturbations. After taking into account vacuum shift in the latter case, we find the resulting current and stress tensor in both cases can be matched consistently with constitutive equations of magnetohydrodynamics. We find the solution in the vorticity case contains both shifts in temperature and chemical potential as well as excitations of the lowest Landau level states. The solution gives rise to an vector charge density and axial current density. The vacuum parts coming from both shifts and excitations agree with previous studies and the medium parts coming entirely from excitations leads to a new contribution to vector charge and axial current density consistent with standard chiral vortical effect.
Stationary distributions via decomposition of stochastic reaction networks
Authors: Hoessly Linard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine reaction networks (CRNs) through their associated continuous-time Markov processes. Studying the dynamics of such networks is in general hard, both analytically and by simulation. In particular, stationary distributions of stochastic reaction networks are only known in some cases. We analyze class properties of the underlying continuous-time Markov chain of CRNs under the operation of join and examine conditions such that the form of the stationary distributions of a CRN is derived from the parts of the decomposed CRNs. The conditions can be easily checked in examples and allow recursive application. The theory developed enables sequential decomposition of the Markov processes and calculations of stationary distributions. Since the class of processes expressible through such networks is big and only few assumptions are made, the principle also applies to other stochastic models. We give examples of interest from CRN theory to highlight the decomposition.
Small extracellular vesicles obtained from hypoxic mesenchymal stromal cells have unique characteristics that promote cerebral angiogenesis, brain remodeling and neurological recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in mice
Authors: Gregorius Jonas , Wang Chen , Stambouli Oumaima , Hussner Tanja , Qi Yachao , Tertel Tobias , Börger Verena , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Hagemann Nina , Yin Dongpei , Dittrich Robin , Mouloud Yanis , Mairinger Fabian D. , Magraoui Fouzi El , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Gunzer Matthias , Meyer Helmut E. , Giebel Bernd , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObtained from the right cell-type, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) promote stroke recovery. Within this process, microvascular remodeling plays a central role. Herein, we evaluated the effects of MSC-sEVs on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) in vitro and on post-ischemic angiogenesis, brain remodeling and neurological recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. In vitro, sEVs obtained from hypoxic (1% O2), but not ‘normoxic’ (21% O2) MSCs dose-dependently promoted endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation and increased post-ischemic endothelial survival. sEVs from hypoxic MSCs regulated a distinct set of miRNAs in hCMEC/D3 cells previously linked to angiogenesis, three being upregulated (miR-126-3p, miR-140-5p, let-7c-5p) and three downregulated (miR-186-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-409-3p). LC/MS–MS revealed 52 proteins differentially abundant in sEVs from hypoxic and ‘normoxic’ MSCs. 19 proteins were enriched (among them proteins involved in extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, leukocyte transendothelial migration, protein digestion, and absorption), and 33 proteins reduced (among them proteins associated with metabolic pathways, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton) in hypoxic MSC-sEVs. Post-MCAO, sEVs from hypoxic MSCs increased microvascular length and branching point density in previously ischemic tissue assessed by 3D light sheet microscopy over up to 56 days, reduced delayed neuronal degeneration and brain atrophy, and enhanced neurological recovery. sEV-induced angiogenesis in vivo depended on the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In neutrophil-depleted mice, MSC-sEVs did not influence microvascular remodeling. sEVs from hypoxic MSCs have distinct angiogenic properties. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the restorative effects of MSC-sEVs.
Health-related quality of life in adults with profound postlingual hearing loss before and after cochlear implantation
Authors: Rostkowska Joanna , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Kobosko Joanna , Gos Elzbieta , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In clinical trials and everyday medical practice, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are increasingly being used. That is, in addition to the usual biological health assessment, the impact of disease and treatment on the patient’s functioning in the physical, mental, and social areas is an important parameter. The aim of this study was to assess HRQoL before and after using a cochlear implant (CI) in adults with profound hearing loss.

Methods
There were 104 patients who qualified for the study. All gave informed and free consent. The study involved adults with bilateral hearing loss above 81 dB HL and rated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme as having profound hearing loss (which includes deafness). In each participant, the hearing loss was postlingual, that is, it occurred after speech and language had developed. The assessment of quality of life (AQoL-8D) questionnaire was used to assess the health-related quality of life in the study participants.

Results
Quality of life significantly increased (p < 0.001) after cochlear implantation in almost all domains (except the pain dimension). The mean increase in overall quality of life was 0.16, the greatest improvement was found in the dimensions senses (mean change of 0.17) and self-worth (mean change of 0.16).

Conclusion
Cochlear implantation improves the health-related quality of life of the postlingually deaf.