bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-Up After Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Burns S Joyce , Kipioti Athina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To establish the optimum timing of follow-up after probing for uncomplicated congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Methods: A retrospective review of notes of all patients probed over a 4-year period was performed. Timing of symptom resolution was evaluated and compared to the results of a questionnaire sent to all parents in June 1996.
Results: Most patients were asymptomatic or improved by 3 months postoperatively, and the long-term success rate was 96.6%.
Conclusion: Optimum timing of follow-up should be 3 months postoperatively, if necessary at all.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:163-165.
Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in Children
Authors: Farpour Bijan , McClellan Kathy A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To describe the history, symptoms, and clinical signs and discuss the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.
Methods: Eight children (five girls and three boys), ranging in age from 3.5-13 years, were clinically diagnosed with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. Microbiology studies were performed in four of the eight children. Treatment consisted of lid hygiene, oral erythromycin suspension, and preservative-free steroids. Duration of therapy was directed by clinical improvement.
Results: Average age at onset was 3.2 years (range: 0.5-8 years). Lid disease, conjunctival redness, and inferior superficial corneal vascularization were consistent features (100%). Other signs were punctate corneal epithelial staining, inferior subepithelial vascularization and infiltrate, conjunctival phlyctenules, corneal phlyctenules, and circumferential pannus. Microbiology testing demonstrated coagulase-negative staphylococcus and Propionibacterium acnes. Average follow-up was 8.3 months (range: 2-23 months). All patients had relief of symptoms within 2-3 weeks. Clinical signs took more time to regress but all had progressive improvement of the ocular surface by 2 months. Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis reactivated in all patients during follow-up, and repeat therapy was administered.
Conclusion: Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in childhood is a chronic inflammatory process that can have different presentations. It can be successfully treated with oral erythromycin and topical steroids.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:207-212.
Strabismus Measurements Using the Alternating and Simultaneous Prism Cover Tests: A Comparative Study
Authors: Deacon Mark A , Gibson Faye 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine the most accurate method of strabismus measurement in patients with constant manifest esotropia.
Methods: Patients underwent routine cover test assessment with the cover-uncover test and the alternating cover test with any increase in the angle of deviation being noted between the two methods. The simultaneous and alternating prism cover test was then performed to see if a qualitative increase in angle deviation was represented by a quantitative measurement. Patients also were assessed for the presence of binocular vision in free space using Bagolini striated lenses and motor fusion responses to base out prisms.
Results: There was a significant difference between the alternating and simultaneous prism cover test measurements for all patients (mean difference for near fixation: 4.72 prism diopters [Δ]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-7.75 Δ; df=51; P<.001). For patients who showed a qualitative change in angle based on observational judgement using the cover tests, the mean difference in angle measured by simultaneous and alternating prism cover test for near fixation was 7.42 Δ (95% CI, 5.75-10.30 Δ; df=25; P<.001).
Conclusion: To obtain an accurate interpretation of the size of manifest esotropia, the angle of deviation needs to be measured by the simultaneous and alternating prism cover test when an observable difference is noted on the cover test. The presence of a latent component to a manifest deviation should prompt the investigation of binocular reflexes even if the manifest angle is too large to be commensurate with binocular vision.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:267-272.
Risk Factors Associated With Complications of Orbital Surgery in Children
Authors: Salem Mahmoud , Qahtani Fahad 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess the overall complication rate of orbitotomies performed in children and to determine the nature of complication to identify possible risk factors.
Methods: Thirty children <13 years underwent 33 orbitotomies for space-occupying lesions of the orbit or orbital decompression. A detailed evaluation of the surgical procedures and outcomes was conducted. Follow up averaged 2.5 years (range: 6 months to 5 years).
Results: The complication rate was 20% (2 of 10 cases) for anterior orbitotomies, 40% (8 of 20 cases) for primary lateral orbitotomies, and 100% (3 of 3 cases) for secondary orbitotomies. Dense amblyopia was noted in 6 of 9 patients. Major complications were frozen eyeball, diplopia, and ptosis. Less serious complications were enophthalmos, internal ophthalmoplegia, dry eye, and eyelid retraction. Six patients underwent extraocular surgery, levator muscle surgery, or both at a later date.
Conclusion: Although the scope of complications is the same in children as in adults, the frequency of cystic benign lesions and small orbits in children can cause more frequent serious complications. Additionally, dense amblyopia of a complicated nature makes visual outcome unpredictable. The most significant risk factors identified were the need for a secondary procedure for recurring pathology and the presence of an intraconal lesion.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:335-339.
Comparison of Subjective and Objective Torsion in Normal Patients
Authors: Baek Sung Ju , Chen Linden Z. M. , Shah Parth R. , Fitzsimons Ross 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To compare subjective and objective torsion in normal individuals.

Methods:
A total of 59 individuals (118 eyes) were recruited from one ophthalmology institute in New South Wales, Australia. Objective torsion was measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering) and subjective torsion measurements were obtained with the Torsionometer (INNOVA).

Results:
Kendall's tau correlation coefficient when comparing the Torsionometer to combined left and right OCT measurements was 0.115 (95% CI: −0.085 to 0.322), inferring a weak correlation. Similarly, when the Torsionometer readings were compared with the OCT measurements of each eye separately, the results demonstrated a weak correlation.

Conclusions:
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study comparing subjective and objective torsion in normal individuals. The results demonstrate that subjective and objective torsion in normal individuals should be considered as separate entities and the terms should not be used interchangeably.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):112–117.]
Outcome of Bleb Needling With 5-Fluorouracil in Failed Filtering Procedures in Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Shah Chintan , Sen Pradhnya , Mohan Amit , Sen Alok , Sood Devindra , Jain Elesh 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To determine the surgical outcomes of bleb needling and the risk factors of failure of needling after failed filtration surgeries in patients with pediatric glaucoma.

Methods:
The medical records of patients who underwent needling with 5-fluorouracil following filtering surgeries (trabeculectomy, combined trabeculectomy, and trabeculotomy) between January 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. At the 1-year follow-up visit, complete success and qualified success were defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 18 mm Hg with and without antiglaucoma medication, respectively.

Results:

Forty-five eyes that underwent needling and fulfilled the study criteria were included in the analysis. The mean age at needling was 9.6 years. The mean time interval between filtration surgery and the first needling procedure was 57.3 days. Thirty-eight of 45 eyes (84.4%) had undergone needling within 3 months after the primary surgery. Cumulative success was achieved in 35 eyes (77.7%) after needling (complete success in 22 eyes and qualified success in 13 eyes). Mean follow-up after needling was 18.9 months. The mean IOP before and after needling was 31.7 ± 9.45 and 16.6 ± 5.68 mm Hg, respectively (
P
< .00001). Steroid-induced glaucoma (
P
= .01), high IOP prior to the first filtration surgery (
P
= .01), and an inability to achieve low IOP (< 9 mm Hg,
P
= .04) immediately after needling were significant risk factors associated with failure.

Conclusions:
Bleb needling is an efficient method for lowering IOP after a failed trabeculectomy or combined trabeculectomy and trabeculotomy in the pediatric population.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(2):118–125.]
Assessment of Impulsivity Among Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Fish Karen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Routine assessment of impulsivity and accompanying coping skills is essential for planning care and appropriate management of patients identified as impulsive. Impulsivity can be defined in many ways, and many perspectives exist. Impulsivity is associated with several adult psychiatric disorders. In an inpatient psychiatric setting, nurses are more likely than members of other disciplines to encounter impulsive behavior due to the amount of time spent in direct patient care. As the primary caregivers in hospitals, nurses are responsible for the management of impulsive individuals. It is critical for treatment plans to incorporate interventions specifically targeting impulsivity.
Correction of Myopia by Implantation of a Concave Worst-Iris Claw Lens Into Phakic Eyes
Authors: Fechner Paul U , Strobel Jürgen , Wichmann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The Worst-Fechner Biconcave Lens for the correction of myopia in phakic eyes is fixated to the anterior iris. Of the 125 eyes implanted between November 1986 and November 1990, 109 eyes ("core group") had a follow-up period of at least 12 months (mean, 25.0; range, 13 to 51). Sixty-eight of these eyes were reexamined at Giessen University Eye Clinic by an independent investigator using a laser flare cell meter; 23 of the eyes also were examined by iris fluorescence angiography.
Seventy-five of the 1 09 eyes (68.8%) were corrected within 1 .00 diopters of the desired refraction, and only 10 eyes (9.2%) deviated more than 2.00 D from the calculated correction.
The anatomical results were characterized by good fixation, absence of glaucoma, inflammation, and leak from iris vessels.
However, the corneal endothelium was damaged in five eyes by surgical trauma, three resulting in corneal edema. In addition, in five eyes the endothelial density decreased during the followup period despite an uncomplicated operation, resulting in corneal edema in one eye.
These eyes may have had anterior chambers that were too shallow. (Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:286-298.)
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: Six-Month Results
Authors: Eiferman Richard A , O'Neill Kelly P , Forgey Dean R , Cook Yvonne D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Six eyes of six patients with myopia between -4.00 and -8.00 diopters underwent 193 nm Argon/fluoride excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy as part of a Phase II-A FDA Study. Six months after surgery, four of the six eyes had a spherical equivalent refraction within ± 1.00 D; five eyes saw 22/30 or better without correction. All corneas demonstrated a faint reticulated subepithelial haze most visible by sclerotic scatter illumination. There were no episodes of delayed epithelial healing or recurrent erosions, and patients had no loss of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity under glare testing, or corneal sensation at the 3-month or 6-month visit.
In this limited clinical trial, the excimer laser was capable of changing the refractive power of the cornea for correction of myopia. Long-term follow up of these patients will be necessary to determine the safety and efficacy of the procedure. (Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:344-347.)
Corneal Lathing Using the Excimer Laser and a Computer-Controlled Positioning System: Part II-Variable Trephination of Corneal Buttons
Authors: Husinsky Wolfgang , Mitterer Sabine , Altmann Johann , Grabner Günther , Baumgartner Isabella , Skorpik Florian , Asenbauer Talin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: A new system is presented that allows a variable trephination of donor corneas for the preparation of corneal buttons used in penetrating keratoplasty. With the help of a computer-controlled positioning system that uses high-precision micropositioning elements (both translation and rotational stages) the donor cornea is removed, epithelial side up, in a fixation device in front of a focused excimer laser beam (ArF, λ = 193 nm).
User friendly computer software allows the surgeon to select a variety of parameters (diameter, shape, angle of trephination) of the corneal graft. Histological and electron microscopical data of human corneas trephined with this "Excimer Laser Corneal Shaping System" are presented. (Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:385-389.)
Digital System Measurement of Decentration of Worst-Fechner Iris Claw Myopia Intraocular Lens
Authors: Pérez-Torregrosa Vicente T , Menezo José L , Harto Miguel A , Maldonado Miguel J , Cisneros Angel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Topography measures the centration in refractive and corneal refractive surgery, but until recently there was no effective method to measure decentration in intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the decentration of 22 phakic eyes, in 14 high myopic patients, based upon photographs of the anterior segment using a digital analysis system (IMAGEnet Topcon Corporation 1988, Tokyo, Japan). These eyes had undergone IOL implantation for the correction of myopia with Worst-Fechner iris claw lenses. Decentration was measured with respect to the centers of both the cornea and pupil.
RESULTS: Mean decentration of the IOL center from the cornea center was 0.51 ± 0.25 mm (range, 0 to 0.8374 mm). When measured with respect to the center of the pupil, the average decentration was 0.47 ± 0.29 mm (range, 0.182 to 0.9341 mm). A positive correlation between the decentration measurements of the two methods was found (p < .01 indicated statistical significance).
CONCLUSIONS: This digital imaging system (IMAGEnet) accurately measured decentration of IOLs in myopic eyes. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:26-30.]
Comparison of Laser and Manual Removal of Corneal Epithelium for Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , DeBroff Brian M , Beldavs Robert A , Westenbrugge John A van , Ferensowicz Maria 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Photorefractive keratectomy relies on precise ablation of cornea stromal tissue to achieve a desired change in refraction. The routine technique for photorefractive keratectomy has been manual debridement of the epithelium prior to performing excimer laser ablation. We investigated whether laser ablation versus manual debridement of the corneal epithelium influences the refractive result.
METHODS: A retrospective matched controlled study analyzing the refractive outcome of 46 eyes after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy was performed. Half of the eyes had the corneal epithelium ablated with the excimer laser, while the other half had mechanical removal. Topical postoperative corticosteroid dosing was different in the two groups. All photorefractive keratectomies were performed by the same surgeon (H.V.G.). The two groups were analyzed for statistical differences in refractive outcomes and corneal haze after 6 months.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction in the laser removal group was -5.11 diopters (D), and -5.09 D in the manual group. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction in the laser group was +0.03 D and -0.40 D for the manual group (p = .21). At no point postoperatively was there any significant difference in the mean refractive outcome or variance of the refractive results between the two groups, although there was a trend toward greater correction with laser ablation of epithelium. There was no statistical difference in the amount of stromal haze by slit-lamp microscopy in the two different debridement groups. There was no significant difference in final uncorrected visual acuity, rate of reepithelialization, or reported incidence of halos or glare between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: There was a tendency toward greater refractive correction at 6 months using the laser for corneal epithelial removal than manual debridement, although the difference was not statistically significant. The trend toward slightly higher correction emphasizes the need for care when removing epithelium with the laser to prevent concomitant stromal ablation. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:36-41.]
Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Tears After Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Tervo Timo M T , Mertaniemi Päivi , Ylätupa Sari , Tervo M Kaarina , Virtanen Tuula , Partanen Paul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sensory nerves known to affect corneal healing are damaged to a variable degree after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). To search for nerve-bound factors involved in corneal healing, we monitored tear fluid calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels of six human eyes undergoing PRK.
METHODS: CGRP concentrations were determined using an immunoassay.
RESULTS: Normal human tear fluid contains CGRP. The mean CGRP concentration was slightly increased postoperatively, despite a marked tear fluid hypersecretion. Consequently, an almost ten-fold increase in release of CGRP in tears was observed on days 1 and 2 after PRK. Values measured on day 7 had returned to a normal level.
CONCLUSION: The observed postoperative increase in release of CGRP in tears may have an impact on the healing of PRK wounds. Extensive neural damage following deep photoablations may impair healing and should probably be avoided. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:126-128.]
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy in Lebanon
Authors: Waked Naji E , Ojeimi Ghassan K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on 50 eyes of 50 patients treated by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the Summit Technology OmniMed excimer laser. Follow up ranged from 3 to 9 months, and the eyes were divided into three groups on the basis of the initial myopia (<6.00 diopters (D), 6.00 D to 10.00 D, and >10.00 D). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction in each group was -4.15 D, -7.88 D, and -12.00 D respectively, and -0.24 D, -1.41 D, and -1.70 D postoperatively. Ninety percent in group 1, 56.25% in group 2 and 35.71% in group 3 had a final refraction within 1.00 D of the attempted correction.
Complications consisted of one case of infectious keratitis, medically treated with no sequelae; one case of significant loss of spectacle corrected visual acuity related to corneal haze; and one case of corticosteroid-induced elevated eye pressure controlled with topical treatment.
In this series, PRK appeared to be effective and safe for the correction of myopia of less than -6.00 D. For higher myopia, other methods of treatment should be used. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S270-S273.]
Intraocular Pressure After Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Schipper Isaak , Senn Peter , Thomann Urs , Suppiger Markus 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pressure measurements after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) might be inaccurate. Measuring the pressure in the temporal part of the cornea might give more representative results.
METHODS: Intraocular pressure was measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer in each eye in the central and temporal parts of the cornea. Measurements were performed in a group of 64 treated eyes before treatment as well as 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months thereafter; 35 eyes could be followed up for 1 year. Two groups of nontreated eyes served as controls. The paired Student's t test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Central and temporal measurements were identical before treatment. After PRK, central values were 2 to 3 mm Hg lower than temporal values. Significant differences were observed from 1 month to 1 year of follow up (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular pressure measured in the central part of the cornea after PRK for myopia is lower than that measured in the corneal periphery, due probably to the absence of Bowman's layer and to central thinning. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:366-370.]
Effect of Corticosteroids on Rabbit Corneal Keratocytes After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: You Xiaokui , Bergmanson Jan P G , Zheng Xiang-Ming , MacKenzie Ian C , Boltz Roger L , Aquavella James V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To determine the corticosteroid effect on the activity and repopulation of keratocytes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: A 193-nm excimer laser (VISX Twenty/Twenty) created a central ablation depth of 22 µm (diameter: 5 mm) on 22 corneas of 16 albino rabbits. Two ablated eyes were examined 6 hours following PRK. Twelve eyes received no postoperative corticosteroids and eight were treated with topical fluoromethalone for 3 months. Corneas were examined 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRK by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy.
RESUITS: Corticosteroids reduced haze (p=0.02), but all corneas (treated or untreated) cleared 6 months after PRK. Keratocytes were absent from the anterior 100 µm of the stroma 6 hours after PRK. However, the number and activity of keratocytes were significantly greater in this area in untreated corneas at 1 month and then gradually decreased. By 6 and 12 months, the number of keratocytes approached controls. Treated corneas had fewer keratocytes than either controls or untreated eyes (p<0.01) and by 3 months, a subepithelial acellular zone of 30 to 50 µm thickness appeared and persisted until at least 12 months after PRK.
CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroids have a transient effect in reducing haze and seem to inhibit keratocyte movement, leading to an acellular subepithelial region beneath the ablated area. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:460-467.]
Validation of the Estimation of Corneal Aberrations From Videokeratography in Keratoconus
Authors: Barbero Sergio , Marcos Susana , Merayo-Lloves Jesus , Moreno-Barriuso Esther 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To validate the estimation of corneal aberrations from videokeratography against a laser ray tracing technique that measured total eye aberrations, in eyes without keratoconus (ie, cornea-dominated wave aberrations).
METHODS: We measured total and corneal wave aberrations of three eyes diagnosed with keratoconus by slit-lamp microscopy and corneal topography: two eyes from one patient with early keratoconus and one eye with more advanced keratoconus. Total aberrations were measured with laser ray tracing. Corneal aberrations were obtained from corneal elevation data measured with a corneal videokeratoscope using custom software that performs virtual ray tracing on the measured front corneal surface.
RESULTS: The keratoconus eyes showed a dramatic increase in aberrations (both corneal and total) particularly coma-like terms, which were 3.74 times higher on average than normal. Anterior corneal surface aberrations and total aberrations were similar in keratoconus. This similarity was greater for the early keratoconus patient, suggesting a possible implication of the posterior corneal surface in advanced keratoconus.
CONCLUSIONS: The similarity found between corneal and total aberration patterns in keratoconus provided a cross-validation of both types of measurements (corneal topography and aberrometry). Both techniques were useful in diagnosing and quantifying optical degradation imposed by keratoconus. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:263-270]