bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility Limitation in Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes in Brazil Associated With Advanced Age and Poor Nutritional Status: An Observational Study
Authors: Torres de Araújo José Rodolfo , Macedo Ferreira Lidiane Maria de Brito , Jerez-Roig Javier , Costa de Lima Kenio 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Mobility is a basic human need, and its limitation compromises health status, especially in older adults from developing countries and residing in nursing homes. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mobility limitation in older adults residing in nursing homes.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 older adults (≥60 years) residing in 10 nursing homes in Northeast Brazil. Mobility limitation was evaluated using the “walking” item of the Barthel index. Sociodemographic/economic data concerning the participants and institutions, as well as conditions that could influence the mobility state of the older adults, were collected. The χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were performed using a significance level of 5%.

Results and Discussion:
The prevalence of mobility limitation was 65.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.6-70.4). Walking dependence was identified in 39.7% of the sample (26.9% wheelchair users and 12.8% bedridden), while 25.9% walked with assistance (16.7% with maximal assistance and 9.2% with minimal assistance). Mobility limitation was significantly associated with malnutrition/risk of malnutrition (1.86, 95% CI, 1.54-2.26, P < .001) and age ≥81 years (1.35, 95% CI, 1.12-1.63, P = .002).

Conclusion:
Mobility limitation has a high prevalence among older adults residing in nursing homes in Brazil, and is associated with advanced age and poor nutritional status. Health professionals should advocate for the maintenance of mobility and adequate nutritional support.
Construct Validity, Test-Retest Reliability, Sensitivity to Change, and Feasibility of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients With and Without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Heldmann Patrick , Hummel Saskia , Bauknecht Laura , Bauer Jürgen M. , Werner Christian 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is an individualized patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the limitations and changes in self-determined functional activities most important to an older patient in the acute care setting. However, its clinimetric properties have not yet been evaluated in these patients. The study aimed to investigate the construct validity, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and feasibility of the PSFS in acutely hospitalized older patients with and without cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods:
The clinimetric properties of the PSFS were investigated by secondary data analysis from a prospective observational cohort study examining physical activity and mobility in acutely hospitalized older patients. In this analysis, 120 older patients—83.0 (6.4) years—with and without CI (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score 18-23, n = 52, and MMSE ≥24, n = 68, respectively) receiving early multidisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation in acute care were included. Construct validity was assessed by Spearman correlations (r
s) with the Activity-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-6), Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (Short FES-I), EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), and Barthel Index (BI); test-retest reliability within 24 hours by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); sensitivity to change by standardized response means (SRMs) calculated for treatment effects, and feasibility by completion rates/times and floor/ceiling effects.

Results:
The PSFS showed fair to moderate correlations with all construct variables in patients with CI (r
s = 0.31 to 0.53). In patients without CI, correlations were fair for the ABC-6, FES-I, EQ-5D, and BI (r
s = |0.27 to 0.36|), but low for the SPPB and DEMMI (r
s =−0.04 to 0.14). Test-retest reliability (both: ICC = 0.76) and sensitivity to change (CI: SRM = 1.10, non-CI: SRM = 0.89) were excellent in both subgroups. Excellent feasibility was documented by high completion rates (>94%), brief completion times (<8 min), and no floor/ceiling effects in either subgroup.

Conclusions:
The PSFS has adequate clinimetric properties for assessing patient-specific functional limitations and changes in acutely hospitalized older patients with and without CI. It might be an appropriate complement to traditional functional scales to enhance patient-centeredness in clinical geriatric assessment.
Az Árpád-Kori Egri Püspöki Központ Kialakulása
Authors: Buzás Gergely 
Published: March 2021

2016–2019 között végeztünk feltárásokat az egri várban. Ezek során a vár, illetve az egri püspöki központ 11–13. századi történetére vonatkozó fontos új megfigyeléseket tehettünk. A régészeti megfigyelések alapján a vár legkorábbi előzményeként egy 11. század első feléből származó királyi udvarház épületeit azonosítottuk. Véleményünk szerint ez fogadta be az 1068 után először ideiglenesen, majd 1091 után véglegesen az egyházmegye központját, amely korábban Bihar várában lehetett. Rekonstruáltuk a román kori székesegyház építéstörténetét, és nagyrészt feltártuk a székesegyház északi oldalán a 12. század folyamán több lépésben kiépült káptalani kerengőt és püs pöki palotát, valamint több ponton azonosítottuk a 13. század első felében kiépülő, két részből álló első püspökvár falait (1. kép).Between 2016 and 2019, we conducted a series of excavations in Eger Castle, in the course of which we gained a number of new insights regarding the 11th–13th century history of the castle and the episcopal seat. On the testimony of the written sources and the archaeological record, the castle’s earliest antecedent was a royal manor house from the first half of the 11th century. In our view, this building functioned as the centre of the diocese – which had earlier probably been located in Bihar Castle – first temporarily after 1068, then, after 1091, permanently. We were able to reconstruct the architectural history of the Romanesque cathedral and we excavated the cathedral’s cloister and the episcopal palace on the cathedral’s northern side, built in a number of successive phases. We also succeeded in identifying the walls of the first episcopal castle built in the first half of the 13th century (Fig. 1).
Ezüsttálka Egy Kora Avar Kori Sírban Bonyhádról
Authors: K. Tóth Gábor 
Published: March 2021

Jelen tanulmány a Bonyhádtól (Tolna megye) északra fekvő Szöcske-szántók dűlőben talált kora avar korra keltezhető, viszonylag gazdag melléklettel bíró sírnak és mellékleteinek a leírását tartalmazza. A temetkezés idejét a sírból előkerült leletek alapján a kora avar korra, a 6. század végére – 7. század elejére lehet tenni. A leletegyüttesben a tarsolyzáróként szolgáló egykori bizánci füstölőhöz tartozó elem és az ezüstcsésze a Balkán bizánci térségéből, egy kirabolt templom felszereléséből származhat és egy olyan személy leletegyütteséhez tartozhatott, aki maga is részt vett az avarok balkáni hadjárataiban, vagy ilyen személyekkel kapcsolatban állt.Presented and discussed here is a burial with a relatively rich array of grave goods dating from the Early Avar period found in an area known as Szöcske-szántók lying north of Bonyhád (County Tolna). On the testimony of the finds recovered from the burial, the grave can be assigned to the Early Avar period, to the late 6th–early 7th century. An element taken from a Byzantine censer that was repurposed to serve as a purse clasp and the silver bowl obviously originated from a looted church in Byzantium’s Balkanic province and were the possessions of a person who had participated in the Avars’ Balkanic campaigns or who had contact with these individuals.
Tudománymetria: Mit Mérünk, Mit Hasonlíthatunk Össze És Mivel? •
Authors: F. Romhányi Beatrix 
Published: March 2021

A 2020 tavaszán nyilvánossá vált referencia-adatbázis három paraméter, az idézetek évenkénti átlaga, a Hirsch-index és a Q1-es folyóiratokban megjelent publikációk száma alapján rangsorolja a kutatókat. Az összesített rangsorban a harmadik paraméter kétszeres súllyal szerepel. A cikk a régészek és az ókori kelettel foglalkozó kutatók nyilvános adatainak felhasználásával végzett teszt eredményeit ismerteti, és a felmerülő problémákra alternatív megoldások lehetőségét veti fel.The reference database “Scientometrics of Hungarian Researchers”, published in spring 2020, classifies researchers on the basis of three parameters: the annual average of citations, the Hirsch index, and the number of publications in Q1 journals. Presented here are the results of a test using the public data of archaeologists and researchers of the Ancient Near East, a review of the specific problems faced by humanities researchers, and a call for a discussion to find a more appropriate set of parameters that would better fit the specifics of the humanities.
In Search for a New Russian Identity: Media-Geographical Studies of the Mental Landscape
Authors: Nickolaichuk Igor , Yakova Tamara , Yanglyaeva Marina 
Published: March 2021

The authors demonstrate the opportunities that mediageography provides for tracking socio-political processes, and, via rank analysis, present a new approach to studying the issue of a new Russian identity. The topicality of the research is explained by the fact that, in the context of the emergence of wider forms of international cooperation, global interest to the problems of cultivation of national identity is growing and is currently the mainstream of ethnological and sociological studies. An analysis of popularity of various morphological sculptures in Russian mental landscape is based on Internet statistics and evaluation of these structures as static objects by two parameters — popularity and consensual perception. The article also examines multimedia projects and big data of Google and Yandex that help to determine the degree of Internet users’ interest to various morpho-sculptures (personality, event, object) as accurately as possible. An analysis of the contemporary Russian mental landscape is done by media-geographic categories put into a space-time frame of axis, and shows the degree of consensus by Russian residents and its fluctuation by RF constituent territories and other geographic areas. The study takes into account mass media’s attention, as well as Internet users’ interest, to personalities that represent various clusters, namely, politicians, culture luminaries, the military, etc. The results are interpreted in relation to geographic aeolotropism of morpho-sculptures’ popularity. The authors infer that commemoration practices aimed at uniting the nation should be based on large-scale interdisciplinary studies of the audience and on a systemic scientific approach to interpretation of the results.
Mutations designed to modify the NS gene mRNA secondary structure affect influenza A pathogenicity in vivo
Authors: Baranovskaya Irina L. , Sergeeva Mariia V. , Taraskin Aleksandr S. , Lozhkov Alexey A. , Vasin Andrey V. 
Published: March 2021

The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus.
The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region.
Emerging Public Health Paradigms in Relation to COVID-19: A Review
Authors: OKOLAFOR Fidelis , IGBORGBOR Jude , ODOZİ Ofeota , IKHAJİAGBE Beckley , EKHAİSE Frederick 
Published: March 2021

This paper provided a clear cut definition of pandemic as a disease that are widespread, spanning through borders of the world, affecting large populations. The new coronavirus is a pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, China as case of unidentified etiology. Global pandemics in the time past saw the emergence of debilitating diseases such as Bubonic Plague, Small Pox, Spanish flu, Hong Kong flu, H7N9, SARS, Zika virus, Ebola virus, H1N1 influenza virus and most recently COVID-19. The incidence, the spread, conspiracy theories and management/eradication of COVID-19 influenced the global politics on COVID-19. The paradigmatic approach to the novel coronavirus underscore the inadequacies, challenges and indifferences of government to health care sector pre- COVID-19 era. Strict adherence to guidelines by WHO and CDC is a major public health intervention to tackle COVID-19. Some of the public health approach to diminish COVID-19 are effective response measures, upscale testing, improved quarantine system and public enlightenment. Effort should made by agencies in the front line of vaccine production to speed up development of safe and effective vaccines and work with Government to ensure fair and equitable allocation of these vaccines to the populace. Plant based therapy for the treatment and management of COVID-19 should be investigated and promoted. If we must win the war against COVID-19, all countries under the United Nations should bridge the gap in knowledge sharing with regards to research into vaccine and drugs to combat the deadly coronavirus.
Transitions in “Privatized” Prison Health Systems: Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Incarcerated People in Florida, 2011–2018
Authors: Adler Jessica L. , Chen Weiwei , Page Timothy F. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To examine rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among incarcerated people in Florida during a period when health care management in the state’s prisons underwent transitions. Methods. We used Florida ED visit and hospital discharge data (2011–2018) to depict the trend in ED visit and hospital discharge rates among incarcerated people. We proxied incarcerated people using individuals admitted from and discharged or transferred to a court or law enforcement agency. We fitted a regression with year indicators to examine the significance of yearly changes. Results. Among incarcerated people in Florida, ED visit rates quadrupled, and hospitalization rates doubled, between 2015 and 2018, a period when no similar trends were evident in the nonincarcerated population. Public Health Implications. Increasing the amount and flexibility of payments to contractors overseeing prison health services may foster higher rates of hospital utilization among incarcerated people and higher costs, without addressing major quality of care problems. Hospitals and government agencies should transparently report on health care utilization and outcomes among incarcerated people to ensure better oversight of services for a highly vulnerable population.
The Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States During the Years 2010 to 2018
Authors: Holtzman Deborah , Asher Alice K. , Schillie Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, leading to serious health problems among those who are chronically infected. Since 1992, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been collecting data on the incidence of HCV infection in the United States. In 2018, more than 50 000 individuals were estimated to have acute HCV infection.The most recently reported data on the prevalence of infection indicate that approximately 2.4 million people are living with hepatitis C in the United States. Transmission of HCV occurs predominantly through sharing contaminated equipment for injecting drugs.Two major events have had a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in the past few decades: the US opioid crisis and the discovery of curative treatments for HCV infection. To better understand the impact of these events, we examine reported trends in the incidence and prevalence of infection.
Association of “#covid19” Versus “#chinesevirus” With Anti-Asian Sentiments on Twitter: March 9–23, 2020
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Xu Xiang , Hing Anna , Hawkins Jared B. , Brownstein John S. , Gee Gilbert C. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To examine the extent to which the phrases, “COVID-19” and “Chinese virus” were associated with anti-Asian sentiments. Methods. Data were collected from Twitter’s Application Programming Interface, which included the hashtags “#covid19” or “#chinesevirus.” We analyzed tweets from March 9 to 23, 2020, corresponding to the week before and the week after President Donald J. Trump’s tweet with the phrase, “Chinese Virus.” Our analysis focused on 1 273 141 hashtags. Results. One fifth (19.7%) of the 495 289 hashtags with #covid19 showed anti-Asian sentiment, compared with half (50.4%) of the 777 852 hashtags with #chinesevirus. When comparing the week before March 16, 2020, to the week after, there was a significantly greater increase in anti-Asian hashtags associated with #chinesevirus compared with #covid19 (P < .001). Conclusions. Our data provide new empirical evidence supporting recommendations to use the less-stigmatizing term “COVID-19,” instead of “Chinese virus.”
COVID-19 Response Efforts of Washington State Public Health Laboratory: Lessons Learned
Authors: McLaughlin Heather P. , Hiatt Brian C. , Russell Denny , Carlson Christina M. , Jacobs Jesica R. , Perez-Osorio Ailyn C. , Holshue Michelle L. , Choi Sung W. , Gautom Romesh K. 
Published: March 2021

Laboratory diagnostics play an essential role in pandemic preparedness. In January 2020, the first US case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Washington State. At the same time, the Washington State Public Health Laboratory (WA PHL) was in the process of building upon and initiating innovative preparedness activities to strengthen laboratory testing capabilities, operations, and logistics. The response efforts of WA PHL, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to the COVID-19 outbreak in Washington are described herein—from the initial detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through the subsequent 2 months. Factors that contributed to an effective laboratory response are described, including preparing early to establish testing capacity, instituting dynamic workforce solutions, advancing information management systems, refining laboratory operations, and leveraging laboratory partnerships. We also report on the challenges faced, successful steps taken, and lessons learned by WA PHL to respond to COVID-19. The actions taken by WA PHL to mount an effective public health response may be useful for US laboratories as they continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and may help inform current and future laboratory pandemic preparedness activities.
Experimental Study of Artificial Solar Air Heater Using Trapezoidal Wave Plate
Authors: Diana Lohdy , Safitra Arrad Ghani , Firmansyah Muhammad Syarifuddin , Zinedine Mishbaakhus Prana 
Published: March 2021

A solar air heater is needed for the drying process, especially in Indonesia. It means the researches to produce a solar air heater that had high performance is necessary. This research analyses the performance of solar air heater using trapezoidal absorber plate with variation of folded angle 83˚, 85˚, and 87˚. The research carry out artificial experimentally using halogen lamp as a solar simulator. The working principle of solar air heating begins with an induction fan sucking air to enter through the honeycomb then flowing into the air heating duct. The process of heat transfer occurs in a halogen heat lamp passed by the transparent glass and then absorbed by the absorbent plate. This heat will heat the air flowing in the air heating pipe to be transmitted into the drying cupboard. The experiment used several variations of the mass airflow rate 0.022 until 0.051 kg/s and intensity 850, 900, dan 950 W/m2. Temperature measurement is carried out by installing a thermocouple at several points that have been determined. The best performance produced by the wave plate-shaped trapezoidal wave heaters 83˚ when I = 950 W/m2 air mass flow rate 0.022 kg/s with the temperature of the absorbent plate 87 ˚C, the temperature of the exit air 43.2 ˚C, the difference in the rise in air temperature 15.2 ˚C, and when I = 950 W/m2 air mass flow rate 0.051 kg/s the useful heat generated by the air heater 527 Watt, and thermal efficiency 96.8%.
Sidoarjo Mudflow Electric (SMF-E): Optimalization of Sidoarjo Mudflow as an Electric Supplier Based on Electrochemical
Authors: Rokhim Deni Ainur 
Published: March 2021

Sidoarjo mudflow or known as Lusi (Lumpur Sidoarjo) is an ecological disaster that has caused the community fret. Most of them haven’t known that the mud contains elements that can produce electricity. This research aims to find the basic value that can be obtained from ecological disaster. The research design uses electrochemical method development with magnesium and copper electrodes. The result of the electric power that can be generated is 7,07135 watt/hour. It can reach an area of 4.405986 km2 or as wide as one residential in an electric production plant. The use of Lusi is very effective because it contains high metal and high salt content. The abundant amount of Lusi can be utilized effectively throughout this way