bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Young Students’ Word Study During the COVID‐19 Quarantine: ABC Scavenger Hunt
Authors: Chen Xiufang , Greenwood Kaitlyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected U.S. schools since March 2020. K–12 schools have put in place various forms of remote learning to continue the education of students. In trying times like these, young students face unique unprecedented challenges. Often, they need parents’ and/or guardians’ supervision and guidance at home. How can teachers work with young students and their parents or guardians to ensure high‐quality and equitable teaching and learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic? More specifically, how can teachers support young students’ word study from home during trying times? An ABC scavenger hunt can be a great activity to support young students’ word study while bridging home and school and fostering a positive home learning environment. We share teaching tips developed by a first‐grade teacher over the past several months.
Retrospective analysis of hibernation parameters and breeding success in captive Vancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis): 1997–2018
Authors: Aymen Jessica , Freedman Megan , Delnatte Pauline , McAdie Malcolm , Beaufrère Hugues 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis) have been managed in a captive‐breeding program since 1997, as in situ conservation efforts were insufficient in raising the numbers of this critically endangered species. The success of captive‐breeding programs centers on sustainable reproduction and survival of individuals once released into the wild. Captive‐born Vancouver Island marmots released to the wild have lower survival rates than their wild‐born counterparts; this difference may arise from compromised hibernation patterns or behaviors. Hibernation duration, body weight over the hibernation season, and reproductive success of captive Vancouver Island marmots were reviewed to assess the effect of these variables on each other. Data from a total of 1782 hibernations and 456 breeding attempts were compiled from 1997 to 2018. The number of winters spent in captivity, the origin of the marmot (captive‐born or wild‐born), the facility at which hibernation occurred, and the body weight all had a significant effect on hibernation length (all p < .001). Increased weight was associated with increased hibernation length by 0.4 ± 0.1 day/kg on average (p = .0015). Captive, wild‐born marmots hibernated for significantly longer than their captive‐born counterparts by about 21 ± 2 days (p < .001). The odds of successful breeding were significantly increased with increasing hibernation length by approximatively 20% for every 10 additional days of hibernation. This study provides information on the intrinsic relationship between body weight, reproduction, and hibernation in captive Vancouver Island marmots.
Dark matter annihilation into leptons through gravity portals
Authors: Sun Xudong , Dai Ben-Zhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) constitutes 85% of the matter in the Universe. However, its specific particle property is still unclear. The fundamentals of DM particles subject to gravitational interaction, and that the lepton excess in cosmic rays may originate from DM particles, inspired us to investigate DM particle properties beyond the standard model. We assume that a leptophilic SU(2) doublet exists in nature as the mediator connecting DM with visible leptons. Since general relativity is not renormalizable at the quantum level, it should be regarded as an effective field theory’s leading order term. One species of the next-to-leading-order term should be operators linear to the Ricci scalar and containing scalar fields, such as the Higgs field, scalar DM, or the newly introduced SU(2) scalar doublet. These operators can cause DM annihilation through gravity portals. We analyzed constraints from the cosmic antiproton flux, DM relic abundance, cosmic positron flux, cosmic microwave background, and direct detection experiments. The result shows that there is a vast parameter space that is compatible with current experiments. DM with a mass of electroweak scale is only allowed to annihilate into leptons. We further show that the purely gravitational DM better explains the DArk Matter Particle Explorer cosmic lepton excess. Our work provides a promising mechanism for DM particles to connect with standard model particles.
Hairy magnetic and dyonic black holes in the Standard Model
Authors: Bai Yang , Korwar Mrunal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spherically symmetric magnetic and dyonic black holes with a magnetic charge Q = 2 are studied in the Standard Model and general relativity. A magnetically charged black hole with mass below 9.3 × 1035 GeV has a “hairy” cloud of electroweak gauge and Higgs fields outside the event horizon with 1/mW in size. An extremal magnetic black hole has a hair mass of 3.6 TeV, while an extremal dyonic black hole has an additional mass of q2 × 1.6 GeV for a small electric charge q ≪ 2π/e2. A hairy dyonic black hole with an integer charge is not stable and can decay into a magnetic one plus charged fermions. On the other hand, a hairy magnetic black hole can evolve via Hawking radiation into a nearly extremal one that is cosmologically stable and an interesting object to be searched for.
A relatively light, highly bino-like dark matter in the Z3-symmetric NMSSM and recent LHC searches
Authors: Abdallah Waleed , Datta AseshKrishna , Roy Subhojit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A highly bino-like Dark Matter (DM), which is the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), could be motivated by the stringent upper bounds on the DM direct detection rates. This is especially so when its mass is around or below 100 GeV for which such a bound tends to get most severe. Requiring not so large a higgsino mass parameter, that would render the scenario reasonably ‘natural’, prompts such a bino-like state to be relatively light. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), in the absence of comparably light scalars, such an excitation, if it has to be a thermal relic, is unable to meet the stringent experimental upper bound on its abundance unless its self-annihilation hits a funnel involving either the Z-boson or the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson. We demonstrate that, in such a realistic situation, a highly bino-like DM of the popular Z3-symmetric Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) is viable over an extended range of its mass, from our targeted maximum in the vicinity of the mass of the top quark down to about 30 GeV. This is facilitated by the presence of comparably light singlet-like states that could serve as funnel (scalars) and/or coannihilating (singlino) states even as the bino-like LSP receives a minimal (but optimal) tempering triggered by suitably light higgsino states that, in the first place, evade stringent lower bounds on their masses that can be derived from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments only in the presence of a lighter singlino-like state. An involved set of blind spot conditions is derived for the DM direct detection rates by considering for the very first time the augmented system of neutralinos comprising of the bino, the higgsinos and the singlino which highlights the important roles played by the NMSSM parameters ‘λ’ and tan β in delivering a richer phenomenology.
Imaging Artifacts of Nonadhesive Liquid Embolic Agents in Conventional and Cone-beam CT in a Novel in Vitro AVM Model
Authors: Schmitt Niclas , Floca Ralf O , Paech Daniel , El Shafie Rami A , Neuberger Ulf , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Vollherbst Dominik F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A major drawback of liquid embolic agents (LEAs) is the generation of imaging artifacts (IA), which may represent a crucial obstacle for the detection of periprocedural hemorrhage or subsequent radiosurgery of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This study aimed to compare the IAs of Onyx, Squid and PHIL in a novel three-dimensional in vitro AVM model in conventional computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT).

Methods
Tubes with different diameters were configured in a container resembling an AVM with an artificial nidus at its center. Subsequently, the AVM models were filled with Onyx 18, Squid 18, PHIL 25% or saline and inserted into an imaging phantom (n = 10/LEA). Afterwards CT and CBCT scans were acquired. The degree of IAs was graded quantitatively (Hounsfield units in a defined region of interest) and qualitatively (feasibility of defining the nidus)—Onyx vs. Squid vs. PHIL vs. saline, respectively.

Results
Quantitative density evaluation demonstrated more artifacts for Onyx compared to Squid and PHIL, e.g. 48.15 ± 14.32 HU for Onyx vs. 7.56 ± 1.34 HU for PHIL in CT (p < 0.001) and 41.88 ± 7.22 density units (DU) for Squid vs. 35.22 ± 5.84 DU for PHIL in CBCT (p = 0.044). Qualitative analysis showed less artifacts for PHIL compared to Onyx and Squid in both imaging modalities while there was no difference between Onyx and Squid regarding the definition of the nidus (p > 0.999).

Conclusion
In this novel three-dimensional in vitro AVM model, IAs were higher for the EVOH/tantalum-based LEAs Onyx and Squid compared to iodine-based PHIL. Onyx induced the highest degree of IAs with only minor differences to Squid.
Die Rolle der HabilitandInnen in der chirurgischen Lehre
Authors: Paasch Christoph , Meißner Carl , Meyer Frank 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungZielDie kompakte Übersicht skizziert die Verantwortung und das breite Aufgabenfeld der/s HabilitandIn in der chirurgischen Lehre im Rahmen des Humanmedizinstudiums.MethodeNarrative Kurzübersicht auf der Basis gewonnener individueller und einrichtungsspezifischer Lehrerfahrungen.Ergebnisse (Eckpunkte)Rolle der/des HabilitandIn in (Auswahl): (i) Abgrenzung zum nichthabilitierten ärztlichen Kollegen: Die im Rahmen des Habilitationsvorhabens gesammelten administrativen und wissenschaftlichen als auch Lehrerfahrungen lassen den/die HabilitandIn als geeigneteren, motivierteren und kompetenteren Promotionsverantwortlichen und -betreuer im Gegensatz zu Kollegen, die sich nicht habilitiert haben oder habilitieren möchten, erscheinen. (ii) Abhängigkeit medizinischer Disziplinen: Die Rolle, die in der Lehre eingenommen werden kann, ist durchaus stark fachabhängig. So bestehen die Möglichkeit und die Pflicht, in chirurgischen Fächern neben theoretischem Wissen stets auch kompetente praktische Fertigkeiten zu vermitteln. (iii) Universitäten und nichtuniversitäre Krankenhäuser: In nichtuniversitären (Lehr‑)Krankenhäusern können die/der chirurgische HabilitandIn die Aufgaben der chirurgischen Lehre durch eine komplette PJ- und Famulaturbetreuung erfüllen. An universitären Kliniken steht das Abhalten von Lehrveranstaltungen eher im Vordergrund.SchlussfolgerungDie/der HabilitandIn spielt in der chirurgischen Lehre eine zentrale Rolle. Ein breites Aufgabenspektrum mit Abhaltung und Gestaltung von Vorlesungen, Seminaren, Blockpraktika bis hin zu direkter studentischer Betreuung im Rahmen der Famulatur, des Praktischen Jahrs und der Promotion kann von der Habilitandin/vom Habilitand suffizient erfüllt werden neben der ideenreichen Gestaltung fakultativer Lehrkonzepte.
Erworbener Chylothorax im Säuglingsalter
Authors: Hickmann D. , Maiberger T. , von der Wense A. , Reinshagen K. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird über den Fall eines 8‑monatigen Säuglings mit einem Chylothorax unklarer Genese berichtet. Ein Stridor, zunehmende respiratorische Beeinträchtigung und, bedingt durch den hohen Eiweißverlust, ausgeprägte Ödeme waren die relevantesten klinischen Merkmale. Die bekannten konservativen Therapien wie fettfreie enterale Ernährung unter Substitution von „medium-chain triglycerides“(MCT)-Fetten, gefolgt von Nahrungskarenz und parenteraler Ernährung sowie die Gabe des Somatostatinanalogons Octreotid konnten trotz langer Therapiedauer keine Besserung erzielen. Erst der Einsatz von thorakoskopisch eingebrachten Titan-Clips brachte letztlich den gewünschten Erfolg.
The Society for Integrative Oncology Practice Recommendations for online consultation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ben-Arye Eran , Paller Channing J. , Lopez Ana Maria , White Shelley , Pendleton Eva , Kienle Gunver S. , Samuels Noah , Abbawaajii Nuria , Balneaves Lynda G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
The Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) Online Task Force was created in response to the challenges facing continuity of integrative oncology care resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Task Force set out to guide integrative oncology practitioners in providing effective and safe online consultations and treatments for quality-of-life-concerns and symptom management. Online treatments include manual, acupuncture, movement, mind-body, herbal, and expressive art therapies.

Methods
The SIO Online Practice Recommendations employed a four-phase consensus process: (1) literature review and discussion among an international panel of SIO members, identifying key elements essential in an integrative oncology visit; (2) development, testing, and refinement of a questionnaire defining challenges and strategies; (3) refinement input from integrative oncology experts from 19 countries; and (4) SIO Executive Committee review identifying the most high-priority challenges and strategies.

Results
The SIO Online Practice Recommendations address ten challenges, providing practical suggestions for online treatment/consultation. These include overcoming unfamiliarity, addressing resistance among patients and healthcare practitioners to online consultation/treatment, exploring ethical and medical-legal aspects, solving technological issues, preparing the online treatment setting, starting the online treatment session, maintaining effective communication, promoting specific treatment effects, involving the caregiver, concluding the session, and ensuring continuity of care.

Conclusions
The SIO Online Practice Recommendations are relevant for ensuring continuity of care beyond the present pandemic. They can be implemented for patients with limited accessibility to integrative oncology treatments due to geographic constraints, financial difficulties, physical disability, or an unsupportive caregiver. These recommendations require further study in practice settings.
Air pollution forecasting application based on deep learning model and optimization algorithm
Authors: Heydari Azim , Majidi Nezhad Meysam , Astiaso Garcia Davide , Keynia Farshid , De Santoli Livio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAir pollution monitoring is constantly increasing, giving more and more attention to its consequences on human health. Since Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are the major pollutants, various models have been developed on predicting their potential damages. Nevertheless, providing precise predictions is almost impossible. In this study, a new hybrid intelligent model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and multi-verse optimization algorithm (MVO) has been developed to predict and analysis the air pollution obtained from Combined Cycle Power Plants. In the proposed model, long short-term memory model is a forecaster engine to predict the amount of produced NO2 and SO2 by the Combined Cycle Power Plant, where the MVO algorithm is used to optimize the LSTM parameters in order to achieve a lower forecasting error. In addition, in order to evaluate the proposed model performance, the model has been applied using real data from a Combined Cycle Power Plant in Kerman, Iran. The datasets include wind speed, air temperature, NO2, and SO2 for five months (May–September 2019) with a time step of 3-h. In addition, the model has been tested based on two different types of input parameters: type (1) includes wind speed, air temperature, and different lagged values of the output variables (NO2 and SO2); type (2) includes just lagged values of the output variables (NO2 and SO2). The obtained results show that the proposed model has higher accuracy than other combined forecasting benchmark models (ENN-PSO, ENN-MVO, and LSTM-PSO) considering different network input variables.
Graphic abstract
Spectra: a specification language for reactive systems
Authors: Maoz Shahar , Ringert Jan Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce Spectra, a new specification language for reactive systems, specifically tailored for the context of reactive synthesis. The meaning of Spectra is defined by a translation to a kernel language. Spectra comes with the Spectra Tools, a set of analyses, including a synthesizer to obtain a correct-by-construction implementation, several means for executing the resulting controller, and additional analyses aimed at helping engineers write higher-quality specifications. We present the language in detail and give an overview of its tool set. Together with the language and its tool set, we present four collections of many, non-trivial, large specifications, written by undergraduate computer science students for the development of autonomous Lego robots and additional example reactive systems. The collected specifications can serve as benchmarks for future studies on reactive synthesis. We present the specifications, with observations and lessons learned about the potential use of reactive synthesis by software engineers.
Controllable and decomposable multidirectional synchronizations
Authors: Bergmann Gábor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudying large-scale collaborative systems engineering projects across teams with differing intellectual property clearances, or healthcare solutions where sensitive patient data needs to be partially shared, or similar multi-user information systems over databases, all boils down to a common mathematical framework. Updateable views (lenses) and more generally bidirectional transformations are abstractions to study the challenge of exchanging information between participants with different read access privileges. The view provided to each participant must be different due to access control or other limitations, yet also consistent in a certain sense, to enable collaboration towards common goals. A collaboration system must apply bidirectional synchronization to ensure that after a participant modifies their view, the views of other participants are updated so that they are consistent again. While bidirectional transformations (synchronizations) have been extensively studied, there are new challenges that are unique to the multidirectional case. If complex consistency constraints have to be maintained, synchronizations that work fine in isolation may not compose well. We demonstrate and characterize a failure mode of the emergent behaviour, where a consistency restoration mechanism undoes the work of other participants. On the other end of the spectrum, we study the case where synchronizations work especially well together: we characterize very well-behaved multidirectional transformations, a non-trivial generalization from the bidirectional case. For the former challenge, we introduce a novel concept of controllability, while for the latter one, we propose a novel formal notion of faithful decomposition. Additionally, the paper proposes several novel properties of multidirectional transformations.
Towards efficient verification of population protocols
Authors: Blondin Michael , Esparza Javier , Jaax Stefan , Meyer Philipp J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPopulation protocols are a well established model of computation by anonymous, identical finite-state agents. A protocol is well-specified if from every initial configuration, all fair executions of the protocol reach a common consensus. The central verification question for population protocols is the well-specification problem: deciding if a given protocol is well-specified. Esparza et al. have recently shown that this problem is decidable, but with very high complexity: it is at least as hard as the Petri net reachability problem, which is -hard, and for which only algorithms of non-primitive recursive complexity are currently known. In this paper we introduce the class $${ WS}^3$$

WS

3

of well-specified strongly-silent protocols and we prove that it is suitable for automatic verification. More precisely, we show that $${ WS}^3$$

WS

3

has the same computational power as general well-specified protocols, and captures standard protocols from the literature. Moreover, we show that the membership and correctness problems for $${ WS}^3$$

WS

3

reduce to solving boolean combinations of linear constraints over $${\mathbb {N}}$$
N
. This allowed us to develop the first software able to automatically prove correctness for all of the infinitely many possible inputs.
Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of PVA-Based Coatings with Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Pulit-Prociak Jolanta , Staroń Anita , Prokopowicz Magdalena , Magielska Karolina , Banach Marcin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPublic places such as swimming pools, saunas and jacuzzis are at high risk of developing microorganisms and are a potential source of disease. Above all, increased temperature and humidity favour this. A relatively new but effective way to combat microorganisms is to subject them to metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The paper presents a method of obtaining nanocompositions for direct application at the place of occurrence of the microorganisms. The advantage of nanocompositions is that they can easily be removed from the infected surface in the form of a film containing dead organic matter. The article investigates the biocidal properties against common microorganisms such asAspergillus nigerandCandida albicansof nanocompositions containing silver nanoparticles and nanometric zinc oxide. The physicochemical properties of the nanocompositions were characterised and the antifungal properties of the preparations obtained determined using the suspension method. The results showed that the PVA-based compositions obtained were able effectively to inhibit the growth of the tested strains. Elongation of contact time between microorganism and nanoparticles which was changed from 5 to 60 min resulted in higher antimicrobial activity. It was manifested in reduced growth area. The same observation was made when the concentration of used nanoparticles was increased. When the concentration of nanosilver raised from 12.5 up to 200 ppm, the development ofAspergillus nigerwas slower. Increasing of zinc oxide nanoparticles concentration resulted in growth inhibition ofCandida albicansstrain.Graphic Abstract