bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the mother and father's parenthood behaviors in the early postpartum period
Authors: Ünlü Suvari Güzin , Aktaş Demir Selinay , Uludağ Dilek Sinem , Margirit Coşkun Anayit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers during the postpartum period.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted on 200 married individuals who had healthy babies between February 2019‐September 2020 at a hospital. This study used introductory information forms for parents, “Postpartum Parenting Behavior Scale (PPBS)” and “Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS)”.ResultsMothers had higher PPBS scores than fathers. Higher scores were observed in parents who intentionally had children, married for love, had income exceeding expenses, younger fathers, fewer children, and high MAS scores. Fathers’ PPBS scores were lower in cases of cesarean delivery and longer marriage durations. Mothers’ scores were unaffected by marital adjustment, number of miscarriages/abortions, age at marriage, number of children, infant sex, family structure, region, residence, social security, employment status, or education level.ConclusionMothers had high PPBS scores, and fathers had moderate scores. Their PPBS scores were affected by their desire to have children, the manner of marriage, and income level. Additionally, that of the fathers was influenced by age, number of children, marital adjustment, and mode of delivery.
The long‐term risk of immune‐related conditions in survivors of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A Danish nationwide registry study
Authors: Pedersen Laura Schou , Klausen Nadja Nørholm , Jensen Jonas Faartoft , Bacevičius Emilis Danielsen , Brown Peter , Mészáros Jørgensen Judit , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Poulsen Christian Bjørn , Clausen Michael Roost , Schou Pedersen Robert , Gang Anne Ortved , Westermann Rasmus , Kristensen Salome , Dreyer Lene Wohlfahrt , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge of the long‐term effects on the immune system after treatment for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).MethodsThis study included DLBCL patients from the Danish Lymphoma Registry who obtained complete remission (CR) after (R)‐CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)‐like immunochemotherapy. Each R+ CHOP‐like treated patient was matched to five comparators from the Danish background population and furthermore compared to R− CHOP‐like treated patients. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and risk differences (RDs) were calculated for a wide range of infections, autoimmune conditions, and immune deficiencies (AC‐IDs) combined and by subtypes.ResultsR+ CHOP‐like treated patients had a higher risk of infections overall (IRR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–1.7: 10‐year RD 5.0%, 95% CI 2.2%–7.8%) and for a majority of the subtypes than matched comparators. Likewise, they had a higher risk of AC‐IDs overall (IRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.7; RD 0.8%, 95% CI 0.7%–2.2%) than matched comparators, however only of clinical relevance for three subtypes; autoimmune diseases of the endocrine system, sarcoidosis and immune deficiencies. The addition of rituximab to CHOP‐like therapy did not alter the incidence rates (IR) of infections overall (IRR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.3) or AC‐IDs overall (IRR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.3) compared to CHOP‐like therapy alone, although the IR for respiratory infections was significantly elevated (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). However, an increased use of IVIG treatment was observed among R+ CHOP survivors.ConclusionR‐CHOP‐like treated patients face an increased risk of infections and AC‐IDs overall compared with the background population. The risk of infections and AC‐IDs did not change overall after the addition of rituximab to CHOP, however, an increased risk of respiratory infections is notable. These findings could highlight the need for expanded vigilance and prophylaxis strategies.
An Atlas of Anatomical Variants of the Human Talus
Authors: Cockerill Samuel James , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde , González‐Reimers Emilio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnatomical variants can be used effectively to identify relationships between individuals in kinship analysis and they may be useful during surgical procedures. These procedures can be better implemented when the cause, appearance and location are understood. Clear representations and definitions of anatomical traits are necessary. A similar morphology of pathologies and variations of normal morphology can lead to confusion and unnecessary intervention. Therefore, there is a considerable need for an anatomical atlas of the particular skeletal elements, such as the talus bone. We have analyzed a total of 925 tali, 591 belonging to different modern and pre‐Hispanic samples. Furthermore, 334 tali were analyzed from a reference collection from Athens. We have identified and defined the anatomical variants of the talus bone, of which only some have been mentioned by other researchers. We propose standardized methods that may potentially improve future research in human skeleton anatomy and its applications. We provide information on anatomical variants with the aim of improving their identification, classification and use in medical professions and bioanthropology.
Moderate‐ and High‐Speed Treadmill Running Exercise Have Minimal Impact on Rat Achilles Tendon
Authors: Tamburro Margaret K. , Bonilla Kelsey A. , Shetye Snehal S. , Leahy Thomas P. , Eekhoff Jeremy D. , Kim Min‐Soo , Petucci Christopher , Tobias John W. , Farber Daniel C. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExercise influences clinical Achilles tendon health in humans, but animal models of exercise‐related Achilles tendon changes are lacking. Moreover, previous investigations of the effects of treadmill running exercise on rat Achilles tendon demonstrate variable outcomes. Our objective was to assess the functional, structural, cellular, and biomechanical impacts of treadmill running exercise on rat Achilles tendon with sensitive in and ex vivo approaches. Three running levels were assessed over the course of 8 weeks: control (cage activity), moderate‐speed (treadmill running at 10 m/min, no incline), and high‐speed (treadmill running at 20 m/min, 10° incline). We hypothesized that moderate‐speed treadmill running would beneficially impact tendon biomechanics through increased tenocyte cellularity, metabolism, and anabolism whereas high‐speed treadmill running would cause a tendinopathic phenotype with compromised tendon biomechanics due to pathologic tenocyte differentiation, metabolism, and catabolism. Contrary to our hypothesis, treadmill running exercise at these speeds had a nominal effect on the rat Achilles tendon. Treadmill running modestly influenced tenocyte metabolism and nuclear aspect ratio as well as viscoelastic tendon properties but did not cause a tendinopathic phenotype. These findings highlight the need for improved models of exercise‐ and loading‐related tendon changes that can be leveraged to develop strategies for tendinopathy prevention and treatment.
Prediction of chronic severe intestinal failure–associated liver disease by current criteria in adults: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Cipriano Claudia , Deutsch Liat , Kopczynska Maja , Rabinowich Liane , Sasdelli Anna Simona , Pironi Loris , Lal Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionIntestinal failure–associated liver disease covers a spectrum of conditions from mild to end‐stage disease. Currently, there are 9 diagnostic criteria divided to four categories: cholestasis, steatosis, fibrosis, and unclassified. Our aim was to evaluate the application of these criteria to patients with chronic severe liver disease in patients with intestinal failure.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of patients attending the home parenteral nutrition clinic of a national UK reference intestinal failure center from March 2015 to December 2019. Exclusion criteria included active malignancy, home parenteral nutrition for <6 months duration, and liver transplantation. Clinically significant intestinal failure–associated liver disease was defined as moderate‐severe fibrosis or cirrhosis on liver biopsy and/or radiological imaging compatible with liver cirrhosis.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐one patients were included (age at home parenteral nutrition initiation: 50 ± 16.0 years; 63.6% female). There was a wide range of intestinal failure–associated liver disease point prevalence depending on the established criteria used (2.9%–35.1%). Twenty‐three patients (9.5%) were diagnosed with clinically significant intestinal failure–associated liver disease, but no patient with clinically significant intestinal failure–associated liver disease met all diagnostic criteria, and 6 of 23 (26.1%) did not fit any of the established criteria.ConclusionsIntestinal failure–associated liver disease is a poorly defined medical condition, and current noninvasive diagnostic methods are unreliable in predicting disease severity. Further studies are needed to develop the definition to reflect that intestinal failure–associated liver disease is a spectrum of disease that includes chronic severe liver disease and improve methods of disease diagnosis.
Spatial Scale Effects on Erosive Runoff and Sediment Flow Behavior on Loessial Slopes: An Erosive Energy Basis
Authors: Wang Qingyuan , Zhang Letao , Wei Yiyuan , He Mengzhen , Zheng Zehao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRunoff erosion response associated with sediment transport as influenced by erosive energy variability is a highly scale‐dependent process. Identifying the spatial scale effect on erosive runoff energy is important to understand the spatial pattern of sediment flow behavior across various sites. This issue was resolved by establishing thresholds for erosive runoff based on frequency analysis, which considered four selected threshold parameters: runoff duration (T), stream power (ω), stream energy factor (SE), and area‐specific sediment yield (SSY). Based on these thresholds, 77 erosive events were identified and separated from nonerosive events for further analysis of energy–sediment relationships. The threshold for T was roughly constant at hillslopes but rapidly increased at the entire slope. Thresholds for ω and SE exhibited positive linear relationships with the plot area, whereas the threshold for SSY showed a general increasing trend along the downslope direction. The R2 values of erosive energy–sediment relationships at inter‐ and intra‐event time scales were generally higher for erosive events than for nonerosive events. The sediment delivery capacity (Cd) for erosive runoff ranged from 0.075 to 0.115 kg·m·J−1. It demonstrated an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease from the upper hillslope to the entire slope. Conversely, Cd for nonerosive runoff increased with the rise in plot area, and it ranged from 0.053 to 0.083 kg·m·J−1. The sediment‐increasing capacity (Ci) for erosive runoff ranged from 0.43 to 4.47 kg·m−2·W−1, whereas Ci for nonerosive runoff varied from 3.39 to 17.6 kg·m−2·W−1. The sediment reduction benefit by regulation unit stream energy factor varied from 5% at the entire slope to 65% at the upper hillslope. Therefore, anti‐erosion measures should be implemented at the upper hillslope to prevent nonerosive runoff from becoming erosive runoff.
Otoliths, bones, teeth, and more: Development of a new polishing wheel for calcified structures
Authors: Strait Nicholas , Taylor David , Forney Rebecca , Amos Jacob , Miller Jessica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiochronological information stored in the calcified structures of organisms provide fundamental organismal, environmental, and ecological data. Bones, teeth, statoliths, corals, and otoliths are widely used to answer a myriad of questions related to trophic position, migration, age and growth, environmental variation, and historical climate. Many calcified structures, particularly the ear stones of fishes (otoliths), are small (50 μm to 5 mm) and require precise preparation methods, which vary depending on the structure and research question but commonly include embedding, sectioning, and polishing prior to structural or chemical analysis. Globally, management agencies rely on the precise polishing of millions of otoliths each year to obtain vital demographic data, such as age and growth. However, this process is time consuming, labor intensive, and ergonomically strenuous. Since the early 1970s, there has been limited advancement in preparation methods with many still using manual approaches or costly, and at times inefficient, equipment. Therefore, we designed and fabricated an affordable, adjustable speed, multi‐wheel polisher, which can be powered with alternating or direct current. Sample preparation time is reduced, and sample consistency is notably improved compared to manual approaches. While specifically designed for consistent and relatively rapid preparation of otolith thin sections, the polisher is readily adaptable to a variety of applications. Designs and manufacturing for these wheels are publicly available through the iLab at Oregon State University.
A computer vision‐based approach for estimating carbon fluxes from sinking particles in the ocean
Authors: Amaral Vinícius J. , Durkin Colleen A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe gravitational settling of organic particles in the ocean drives long‐term sequestration of carbon from surface waters to the deep ocean. Quantifying the magnitude of carbon sequestration flux at high spatiotemporal resolution is critical for monitoring the ocean's ability to sequester carbon as ecological conditions change. Here, we propose a computer vision‐based method for classifying images of sinking marine particles and using allometric relationships to estimate the amount of carbon that the particles transport to the deep ocean. We show that our method reduces the amount of time required by a human image annotator by at least 90% while producing ecologically informed estimates of carbon flux that are comparable to estimates based on purely manual review and chemical bulk carbon measurements. This method utilizes a human‐in‐the‐loop domain adaptation approach to leverage images collected from previous sampling campaigns in classifying images from novel campaigns in the future. If used in conjunction with autonomous imaging platforms deployed throughout the world's oceans, this method has the potential to provide estimates of carbon sequestration fluxes at high spatiotemporal resolution while facilitating an understanding of the ecological pathways that are most important in driving these fluxes.
Sterilization and Filter Performance of Nano‐ and Microfibrous Facemask Filters – Electrospinning and Restoration of Charges for Competitive Sustainable Alternatives
Authors: Herwig Gordon , Batt Till , Clement Pietro , Wick Peter , Rossi René M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFacemask materials have been under constant development to optimize filtration performance, wear comfort, and general resilience to chemical and mechanical stress. While single‐use polypropylene meltblown membranes are the established go‐to material for high‐performing mask filters, they are neither sustainable nor particularly resistant to sterilization methods. Herein an in‐depth analysis is provided of the sterilization efficiency, filtration efficiency, and breathing resistance of selected aerosol filters commonly implemented in facemasks, with a particular focus on the benefits of nanofibrous filters. After establishing a general overview over face mask filters and machine washing parameters required for successful decontamination, respective changes in filter performance and structure are presented. Sustainably manufactured, highly efficient, but also more fragile electrospun membranes not only offer competitive performance as well as a more environment‐friendly production and degradation process, but also support a subsequent sterilization and recharging approach via alcohol exposition and drying in an electric field. It is further elaborated on the prospective sustainability of each material to offer a clear outlook on electrospun membranes as the most promising filter membranes of the future.
Discretization of the Wave Equation on a Metric Graph
Authors: Avdonin Sergei A. , Mikhaylov Alexander S. , Mikhaylov Victor S. , Choque‐Rivero Abdon E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe question of what conditions should be set at the nodes of a discrete graph for the wave equation with discrete time is investigated. The variational method for the derivation of these conditions is used. A parallel with the continuous case is also drawn. As an example, the problem of shape controllability from the boundary is studied.
Effectiveness and Safety of IVIG for the Treatment of HMGCR Immune‐Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy
Authors: Suh Joome , Amato Anthony A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsImmune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an autoimmune myopathy. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in patients with antibodies against 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) treated on immunotherapy regimens with and without maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The secondary aim was to assess outcomes in a subset that received IVIG monotherapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between IVIG and the probability of reaching normal creatine kinase (CK) and normal/near‐normal proximal muscle strength at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. In patients treated with IVIG monotherapy, changes in CK and strength were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsPatients treated with IVIG (n = 40) had higher odds of CK normalization at 6 months (OR 9.44, 95% CI 1.19–74.89, p = 0.03) although not at 3 months (p = 0.08) compared to patients not treated with IVIG (n = 13). Increased odds of normal/near‐normal proximal muscle strength was not observed at 3 months (p = 0.14) or 6 months (p = 0.35). Subgroup analysis of patients on IVIG monotherapy (n = 15) showed a median CK reduction of 84.5% at 3 months (p < 0.001) and 95.7% at 6 months (p < 0.001). CK normalized in 40% by 6 months. Proximal muscle strength improved at 3 months (p = 0.003) and 6 months (p = 0.008). 76.9% had normal/near‐normal proximal strength by 6 months.DiscussionPatients treated with immunotherapy regimens that included IVIG were more likely to reach normal CK at 6 months. Maintenance IVIG monotherapy also induced marked improvements in CK and strength. IVIG monotherapy can be an effective first‐line treatment for HMGCR IMNM.
Predicting the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile of Pregnant Women Based on Their Health Literacy Levels: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Rafat Nastaran , Bakouei Fatemeh , Adib‐Rad Hajar , Nikbakht Hossein‐Ali , Bakouei Sareh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimHealth literacy is considered as key factor to empower women to participate in self‐care and child‐care activities. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between health‐promoting behaviours and health literacy among pregnant women.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study surveyed 308 pregnant women in 2022 using questionnaires, including the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) and the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data by IBM SPSS 23.0 statistics package program.ResultsThe mean scores for women's health literacy and health‐promoting behaviours were 70.31 ± 13.56 and 135.56 ± 17.38, respectively. The lowest score in the health literacy subscales was related to the appraisal (66.07 ± 17.81) and in the health‐promoting lifestyle dimensions was associated with the physical activity dimension (13.87 ± 3.87). There was a significant and positive correlation between health literacy and health‐promoting behaviours (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Among the health literacy dimensions, decision‐making showed the strongest correlation with health‐promoting lifestyle (r = 0.55, p < 0.001).Patient or Public ContributionThe results of this study demonstrated that pregnant women with higher health literacy scores exhibited a higher level of engagement in health‐promoting behaviours. Assessing health‐promoting behaviours in pregnant women by health providers during prenatal care helps identify dimensions receiving less attention during pregnancy, and solutions can be provided to women to address these issues.
Impact of joint boundary geometry on the mechanical behavior of variable‐diameter bistable composite structures
Authors: Li Yuxin , Luo Haitao , Wang Tiejun , Yu Changshuai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVariable‐diameter bistable composite structures with joint boundaries have significant potential for application in engineering, particularly in aerospace systems. This study focuses on analyzing the effects of joint boundary geometry, specifically the parameters of wavy boundaries, on the bending stiffness of these structures. To simplify the analysis, a beam model was established, with the joint boundary approximated as a rotational spring characterized by rotational stiffness. Using this model, the influences of wavy boundary geometric parameters, specifically the amplitude and wavelength, on the bending stiffness were systematically analyzed and compared against those of structures with straight joint boundaries. The findings indicate that larger amplitudes and suitable wavelengths can significantly enhance the bending stiffness, thereby improving the overall mechanical performance of the structure. The accuracy of the theoretical model was further verified through finite element numerical simulations. The experimental results demonstrated the practical influence of the wavy joint boundary parameters on the bending stiffness, underscoring the importance of the wavy boundary design in optimizing the performance of bistable structures, particularly in aerospace applications where an increased bending stiffness can contribute to lightweight and flexible structural designs. This work provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the optimal design of variable‐diameter bistable composite structures.Highlights
Investigated the impact of wavy spliced boundaries on the bending stiffness of bistable structures.
A beam model for predicting the effect of the joint shape on the bending performance was developed.
Compared with straight‐edge joints, irregularly spliced joints increased the peak bending load by 22%.
The irregular joints had an MFS of 0.45, three times greater than that of the straight‐edge joints.