bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensions and Angulations of The Coronary Sinus Tributaries: Implications for Left Ventricular Pacing.
Authors: Tyrak Kamil Wojciech , Mazur Malgorzata , Holda Jakub , Holda Mateusz Krystian , Zabowka Anna , Klimek‐Piotrowska Wieslawa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe coronary venous system is represented by the coronary sinus (CS) and its tributaries. High variability of the coronary venous tree challenges electrocardiologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of CS tributaries, useful and important for invasive procedures, with regards to their angles of entrance to the CS, cannulation distance and ostium diameter.MethodsA total of 200 autopsied human hearts form healthy donors (22% females) were investigated. The ostia of coronary veins to the CS were identified and their diameters were measured. Distances between middle cardiac vein (MCV), posterior vein of left ventricle (PVLV) and left marginal vein (LMV) ostium and CS ostium (cannulation distance) and angles between coronary veins and CS long axis were evaluated. To simulate clinical procedures during measurements 8‐ and 7‐French catheters were used. This study has been conducted in conformance with the Basic Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and their expansion.ResultsSmall cardiac vein was absent in 52 examined hearts (26.0%). The MCV was present in all assessed specimens. It's mean distance to CS ostium was 5.3±3.2 mm. All MCVs opened to CS, forming with its long axis mean angle of 82.0±12.8°. The average diameter of MCV ostium was 1.8±0.5 mm. The PVLV was observed in 127 hearts (63.5%), two PVLVs was detected in 54 specimens (27.0%) and three PVLVs in 2 hearts (1.0%). In 5 cases (2.5%) a single main PVLV and small ventricular tributaries were observed. The mean distance between CS ostium and the nearest PVLV (from the CS ostium) was 19.7±9.3 mm; second order vein: 27.5±10.4 mm; third order PVLV 31.3±0.1 mm. The mean diameters of PVLVs ostia were: first: 1.2±0.5 mm; second: 1.1±0.6 mm; third: 1.1±0.2 mm. The PVLV entered to the CS at mean angle of: first: 97.0±14.0°; second: 97.9±11.4° and third vein: 117.5±3.5°. The LMV was present in 94 hearts (47.0%). It was either a tributary of CS (17 specimens) or it entered to the GCV (62 hearts). In 15 cases small ventricular tributaries of LMV were detected (7.5%). The mean distance between CS ostium and LMV was 46.0±12.0 mm. It's mean angle was 92.0±13.4° and average LMV ostium diameter was 0.9±0.5 mm.ConclusionIn this research we found MCV with diameter never smaller than 0.5 mm, which makes it quite convenient for electrophysiological procedures. The PVLV was highly variable in number, unfortunately presence of more posterior veins makes it less suitable for cannulation due to smaller diameter. The LMV entering to CS would be potentially more accessible for lead implantation, but those were found only in 8.5% of hearts.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Preserving Skeletal Anatomical Structures from Cadaveric Specimens to Enhance the Anatomy Education with Emphasis in Arthrology.
Authors: Rodriguez Carolina , Fossas Arturo , Veras Wilson R 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONThe National Board of Medical Education considers the musculoskeletal system to be amongst the three most crucial subjects within an anatomy curriculum, therefore the necessary tools are required to properly instruct students on the subject. Common teaching methods include using bones and dissections to show the origins and insertions of muscles and their related neurovascular bundles, but given the complexity of these structures, some students are not able to visualize important details. Additionally, Universidad Central del Caribe has recently struggled to obtain enough specimens due to increases in student acceptances as well as declines in the supply of bodies to our board of donations. This potentially poses a paucity of bodies for upcoming classes. This study proposes a method that could allow our medical school not only to preserve structures that would otherwise be discarded, but also to broaden their functionality as a tool for learning gross anatomy.METHODSThe specimens used in this procedure had been previously used to teach dissection‐based anatomy and were in a fragile state that required their preservation in an embalming solution of formaldehyde, phenolic acid, glycerin, and water. These were rinsed and submerged in a solution of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) to soften the tissues. Over the course of 6 weeks, the cadavers were monitored and dissected, either isolating those structures that make up the articulations or the tendons of muscles, depending on the tissues desired to be preserved. Once the desired structures were obtained, these were placed in a bleaching fluid to improve their appearance and then submerged in a preservative fluid preventing further decay.RESULTSThe approach we took for dealing with the structures proved to be successful. By removing most of the tissues that were susceptible to NaClO, we were able to isolate tendons from their muscles and expose the articulations that through normal dissecting methods would be hard to observe.CONCLUSIONThis approach provides a potential means for medical institutions to lengthen the use of aged cadavers and proposes an alternate method to enhance the study of hard to observe anatomical structures that are oftentimes concealed by an abundance of blood vessels, nerves and muscle tissue. The effectiveness of this method in studying anatomy have yet to be compared to traditional methods of cadaveric studies. However, it provides a simple alternative that is reliable for medical schools facing a cadaver shortage.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Assessing the Role of the Gene, Pebbled, in D. melanogaster ASP Invasive Behavior
Authors: Salim Hasan , Srivastava Ajay 
Published: June 2021

The Drosophila Air Sac Primordia (ASP) can be used to study invasive behavior as it mimics tumor behavior when it invades into the Wing Imaginal Disc (WID) during larval development. A protein expressed in the ASP was found to be coded by the gene pebbled (peb). This study was conducted to see whether pebbled influences the invasive behavior of the ASP. Using Drosophila genetics and RNA interference, the pebbled gene was knocked down and less‐developed and less‐invaded ASP's were seen as the result. The data presented provides information on the possible role of pebbled in tumor invasion. The downregulation of pebbled also lead to a decrease in filopodia (actin projections protruding from the ASP) supporting the claim that there is a direct positive correlation between quantity of filopodia and the invasive capabilities of the ASP.Support or Funding Information

KBRIN AREA and IDeA Grants funded by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Grant # P20GM103436
WKU Biotechnology Center
Gatton Academy Research Internship Grant (RIG)
WKU Faculty Undergraduate Student Engagement (FUSE) Grant
This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells into urothelial and smooth muscle cell lines within the structure of collagen/hyaluronan scaffold
Authors: Galambosova Martina , Ziaran Stanislav , Novakova Zuzana Varchulova , Nicodemou Andreas , Varga Ivan , Danisovic Lubos 
Published: June 2021

Many urethral pathologies require surgical interventions. Although the commonly used surgical techniques are still being developed, complications such as the urethral strictures often occur and repeated surgery is needed. Tissue engineering of the urethral tissue, using autologous stem cells and appropriate scaffolds, represents promising technique to overcome these complications. In our experiment, we focused on the differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells seeded on the collagen/hyaluronan scaffolds into urothelial and smooth muscle cells. Differentiation culture media containing keratinocyte serum‐free medium with 2 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 30 ng/mL EGF, and D‐MEM with 10 % FBS, 2.5 ng/mL TGF‐β and 5 ng/mL PDGF were used to induce urothelial and smooth muscle differentiation, respectively. After two weeks of cultivation, cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (JEOL 7500F) for morphological features. Expression of the uroplakin 2 (UPK2) gene, keratin 2 gene (KRT2), ACTA 2 gene, and calponin 1 gene (CNN1) was tested in order to determine successful differentiation by quantitative Real‐Time PCR. Obtained results showed attachment of the cells on scaffold surface. The increased levels of UPK2 and KRT2 confirmed urothelial differentiation and expression of ACTA 2 and CNN1 confirmed smooth muscle differentiation. On the basis of obtained results, it can be emphasized that collagen/ hyaluronan scaffolds colonized by adipose tissue‐derived stem cells after performing further tests dealing with biosafety may have promising potential for tissue engineering of the urethra.Support or Funding InformationSupported by grant APVV no. 15‐0111.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Characterization of artificial tumor‐derived monolayers from long‐term MCF‐7 breast adenocarcinoma constructs using flow cytometry and immunocytological analysis.
Authors: Lyden Timothy , Topel Samantha , Thueson Hanna 
Published: June 2021

For the past decade our laboratory has been engaged in developing and testing a variety of 3D artificial tissues, both normal and pathologic, using several types of natural de‐cellularized extracellular matrix materials. Throughout this work, one notable observation stood out with all of the tissues generated, specifically, 3D constructs transitioned through a series of “developmental” stages reflective of in‐vivo tissue development. These stages involve the early colonization and establishment of the basic tissue structure followed by a period of maturation and a final relatively long term stable mature tissue. In this case, we employed de‐cellularized and de‐calcified bovine trabicular bone matrix and MCF‐7 cells to develop artificial tumor tissues which were maintained for periods of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years respectively. During these culture periods, each tissue displayed the stages listed above and following the initial colonization period of one to two weeks each also began to shed cells and later spheres which, in turn, established monolayers of “post‐scaffold” cells. These monolayers were mainly established as multiple individual colonies by shed and explanted spheres or small tissue fragments. These various colonies eventually coalesced to form a single monolayer. Flow cytometric analysis of monolayers from each of the four culture periods demonstrate enhanced populations of cells with immunophenotypes for breast cancer stem cells based on CD44/CD24 labeling. In addition, individual cellular morphology as well as culture growth patterns were consistently changed from the baseline standard MCF‐7 cultures. These cells also displayed a substantially reduced cell‐cell adhesion pattern leading to loose patches in place of the relatively tight colonies seen with original MCF‐7 cultures. Taken together, these cellular modifications resulting from long‐term culture of artificial tissues support our interpretation that such constructs reflect the process of tumor progression in‐vivo and result in enhanced metastatic cell populations.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Regulates the Vitamin D Receptor and its Metabolism‐Related Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Cerutis D. Roselyn , Weston Michael D. , Nunn Martha E. , Williams David E. , Ogunleye Afolabi O. , Miyamoto Takanari 
Published: June 2021

Our laboratory has established that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulates the biology of human oral fibroblasts, and that gingival fibroblasts (GF) express the LPA1–5 receptor subtypes. We have also shown that LPA 18:1 controls immediate‐early GF gene transcription of inflammatory cytokines, and of their receptors and regulators. Vitamin D3 is a key hormone in decreasing inflammation, and has been shown by Nastri et al. (2018) to decrease pro‐inflammatory and increase anti‐inflammatory cytokine production by P. gingivalis‐ and S. pyogenes‐infected human GF. Therefore, we hypothesized that LPA would also modulate transcription of its receptor, VDR, since chronic periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition in which we have reported that LPA is elevated in human gingival crevicular fluid and saliva (Bathena et al., 2011). After GF treatment with 1 × 10−5 M LPA 18:1 for 2h or 8h, mRNA was extracted. Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligonucleotide Microarray analyses [n=3; each n= pooled mRNA derived from 3 healthy young donors; (9 total donors; the study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines, was approved by the Creighton University IRB, and informed written consent was obtained from all donors)] revealed that LPA consistently and significantly down‐regulated the VDR vs. control (≤ −2.0 ± 0.5‐fold at 2h, and −3.1 ± 1.1 fold at 8h, respectively). Of great interest, the receptor cubilin (CUBN), which has been shown in other systems to bind vitamin D binding protein (DBP), was also down‐regulated in groups 1 (−2.0) and 2 (−4.1) at 8h; it may be involved in the secretion of vitamin D by GF, as postulated by Liu et al., (2012). LPA treatment also significantly affected transcription of the cytochromes (CYP) CYP27A1 [−3.0 ± 0.6 (2h); −3.2 ± 1.4 (8h)] and CYP27B1 (induction or repression varied by group) which is involved in the production of metabolically active metabolites and which catalyzes the hydroxylation at the C‐1α position of 25(OH)D3 and 24R, 25(OH)2D3, respectively. These results for the VDR (minimum level of significance, p < 1×10−7) provide preliminary evidence that LPA likely exerts complex actions during periodontal inflammation by regulating it, along with other key receptors and enzymes in the vitamin D pathway.Support or Funding InformationHealth Future Foundation (D.R.C).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Altering Gut Microbiota to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in Resistant Colon Cancer by Natural Agents
Authors: Majumdar Adhip P.N. , Farhana Lulu , Sarkar Sarah , Nangia‐Makker Pratima , Yu Yingjie 
Published: June 2021

Tumor recurrence, a common phenomenon in allmalignancies, is observed in nearly 50% of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) and is thought to be due to re‐emergence of chemotherapy‐resistant cancerstem cells (CSCs), accompanied by dysfunction of the gut microbiota, resultingin alterations in microbial metabolites. Thus,development of preventive/therapeutic strategies that specifically target CSCs and are non‐toxic should be effective in reducing the risk of relapse. We have examinedthe effectiveness of the combination of ETO‐Curcumin (ETO‐Cur; curcumincomplexed with essential turmeric oil) and TRF, tocotrienol‐rich fractionof palm oil in inhibiting the growth of SCID micexenograft of chemo‐resistant (CR) colon cancer cells and whether thisinhibition could be attributed to alterations in gut and tumor microbiome andtheir metabolites. Indeed, feeding of ETO‐Cur (5 mg/kg) together with TRF (2mg/kg) or the vehicle (control) in SCID mice, initiated after 20 days of inoculationof CR colon cancer cells and continued for 45 days resulted in inhibition of growth of colon tumor that became apparent after about 30 days of treatment. At 40‐ and 45 days, differences in tumor growth between the two groups were highly significant. This inhibition of growth was associated with a significant down‐regulation of β‐catenin and TNF‐α in the tumor and alterations in gutmicrobiota. The latter was evidenced by an overlap of 340 bacterial species between the control and ETO‐Cur/TRF‐treated mice, and 216 and 120 species being different in ETO‐Cur/TRF treated and control mice, respectively. ETO‐Cur/TRF treatment also caused a significant reduction in the expression of 7‐α‐dehydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids. Since secondary bile acids, specifically deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid(LCA) are known for their co‐carcinogenic activity and to induce CSCs in the colon, we postulate that the decreased conversion of primary bile acids in the gut to secondary bile acids DCA and/or LCA by ETO‐Cur/TRF may have contributed to the suppression of growth of colon tumors.Support or Funding InformationNIH and Department of Veterans AffairsThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Structural dynamics of blue light sensitive bacterial photoreceptor blsA
Authors: Chitrakar Iva , French Jarrod 
Published: June 2021

Blue light sensing A (blsA) is a blue light using flavin (BLUF) domain isolated from opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumanii. BlsA is vital for A. baumanii’s motility, biofilm formation and virulence. When blue light activates blsA [in the N‐terminus], the protein interacts with its effector domain(s) [in the C‐terminus] with implications in downstream signaling events. Photo absorption modifies the hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic interactions between flavin and the BLUF domain with consequent structural changes that are integral in the signal transduction. Spectroscopic data highlight involvement of residues glutamine (51) and tryptophan (92) in the photoactivated signaling state of blsA. My goal is to solve blsA's structure using x‐ray crystallography to determine the specific residues involved in the signaling state. Comparison of crystal structures of blsA (~1.8 Å) in the dark state and the photoactivated light state does not show movement of the residues glutamine and tryptophan in the two states. However, we detect a distinct conformational change of an alpha‐helix in the C‐terminus‐ the effector protein binding terminus‐ of blsA.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of limonene on tracheal and vascular reactivity in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Rajalingam Sahith , Bhavsar Riya , Patel Mehaben , Siddiquee Armaan , Kurade Mangesh , Ponnoth Dovenia S 
Published: June 2021

Animal models of asthma have shown that limonene (terpene in citrus fruits) reduces inflammation and airway reactivity. We have shown a role for A2A adenosine receptors (A2AAR) in mediating these effects in asthma. We investigated the effects of limonene (in vivo administration) on isolated tracheal and aortic rings to determine tissue‐specific reactivity using organ bath experiments. Mice were divided into control (CON) and allergen sensitized‐challenged (SEN) groups, and were sensitized i.p. on days 1, 6 with 20μg ovalbumin (OVA) followed by 5% OVA aerosol challenges on days 11–13 (n=4–6 mice per group). Limonene was administered as an inhalation prior to allergen challenges in one group of allergic (SEN+LIM). Response (contraction) to methacholine (MCh; 0.1μM) in isolated trachea was significantly higher in SEN tissues (225.99±67.34% vs 5.57±19.74% in CON). Treatment with limonene significantly reduced the tracheal reactivity (80.68±20% in SEN+LIM vs SEN; p<0.05). For isolated aorta, we found a significant difference in endothelial‐mediated relaxation as measured by response to acetylcholine in SEN (12.74±13%) compared to controls (53.94±.26). Limonene treated groups showed significant increase in endothelial response compared to non‐treated groups. No difference was observed in aortic smooth muscle responses (measured against sodium nitroprusside) for any group. These data suggest that limonene reduces tracheal reactivity and improves endothelial response in asthmatic mice. Further experiments are needed to identify the exact mechanisms of these effects.Support or Funding InformationInstitutional Research Grant, LIU (DSP)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Anti‐Cancer Effect of 2‐Cyano‐3, 12‐dioxoolean‐1,9‐dien‐28‐oic acid (CDDO) Derivatives on Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Rogers Lanerica Jamese , Wang Xinyu 
Published: June 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that affects 30,000 people yearly in the U.S. It stems from monoclonal plasma cells and can cause symptoms such as bone loss and fatigue. Recent studies have shown that the bone marrow microenvironment may mediate tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and migration of the multiple myeloma cells. Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids have been readily used in research due to their anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to examine the anti‐cancer effect of 2‐cyano‐3, 12 dioxoolean‐1,9‐dien‐28‐oic acid (CDDO) derivatives on multiple myeloma cells. Three CDDO derivatives (CDDO‐Methyl Ester (Me), CDDO‐Trifluoethyl Amide (TFEA), and CDDO‐Imidazolide (Im)) with a dose range from 0.1 to 0.5 μM were tested on the growth of MM RPMI 8226 cells within 72 hours. Our current results show that all CDDO derivatives decrease the cell viability and proliferation of the MM 8226 cells in a dose and time‐dependent manner. Based on the potency, CDDO‐Im was selected to study whether its inhibitory effect on MM cell growth is due to the induction of apoptosis. Western blotting was used to check the protein expression of apoptosis‐related factors such as caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). The result indicates that CDDO‐Im may induce the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. To evaluate the effect of CDDO‐Im on MM 8226 cells in the presence of the microenvironment, a Transwell (TW) model using MM cells co‐culturing with bone marrow stromal cells will be applied to mimic the bone marrow microenvironment in vivo. When treating the HS‐5 stromal cells with CDDO‐Im, no significant decrease in proliferation was seen after 24 hours. We expect that after co‐culturing the MM 8226 cells with HS‐5 stromal cells using the TW model, the growth of MM cells will still be prohibited by CDDO‐Im to some extent if not the same as MM cells being treated alone. In conclusion, our data suggest that CDDO derivatives inhibit the growth of MM cells through induction of apoptosis.Support or Funding InformationPCOM Division of Research FundingThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.