bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot
Authors: Vasundhara Ch. V S N , Sudheer A P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Minimally Invasive Surgical robots are commonly seen in medical centres for surgical purposes. However, the major challenges seen with such robotic systems are its heavy weight, costly and lack of capability to reconfigure according to the patient-specific needs. In this paper, a robot is proposed to overcome the difficulties with existing robotic systems. Six different concepts are proposed in this paper which are modelled in SolidWorks software. The best design has been selected using the concept scoring technique. Besides, the forward and inverse kinematics for the best concept is achieved using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) modelling technique. Finally, results obtained from the analytical model has been verified using Peter Corke Toolbox in MATLAB. The trajectory planning of the selected concept has be done using the third-order polynomial equation and it is plotted using MATLAB.
Effect of wall-slip on natural convection in a square cavity
Authors: Suresh Kartik , Arjun C K , Murali Damu , Ajith Kumar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of wall-slip on natural convection inside a square cavity for Rayleigh number (Ra) = 105. The bottom wall is heated and top wall is maintained at a cold temperature keeping the other two vertical walls adiabatic. The analysis is conducted by varying the Slip factor (SF) from 0 (no-slip) to 1 (full-slip) in steps of 0.2. For each value of SF, the flow patterns are visualised using streamlines and heat transfer behaviour is examined using isotherms. Results are quantified using local Nusselt number (Nul
) and average Nusselt number (Nuavg
) along the hot wall. It is observed that for SF=0.8 and SF=1 configurations, the natural convection patterns and heat transfer characteristics undergo notable changes.
Effect of Baffles Position on Thermo-Hydraulic Efficiency of a Solar Air Heater
Authors: Bhatter Rahul Kumar , Abbas Ali , Rai Anant Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Providing artificial irregularity in the form of baffles on the bottom plate of a solar air heater improves the thermal performance of the heater, whereas it reduces the hydraulic efficiency due to friction losses. To optimize the thermo-hydraulic performance of a rectangular duct solar air heater, a thermo-hydraulic performance factor (THPF), dependent on shape, position and size of baffles, is considered in this study. The performance of the heater in various configurations related to the position of the baffles was evaluated considering Renormalization group k-£ model to simulate the fully turbulent flow for a forced convection condition. At a constant value of heat flux of 1000 W/m2 on the absorber plate and a fixed value of Reynolds number as 2350, pitch between the baffles was varied from 15mm to 75mm. Further, the distance of 1st row of baffles from the inlet was varied from 200mm to 500mm and the optimum configuration was figured out. For pitch value of 60mm between the baffles and the distance of 1st row of baffles as 200mm from the inlet, the highest value of THPF was obtained as 0.9339. The fluid behavior in presence of baffles was analyzed together with its influence on the thermo-hydraulics parameters.
Design of a sustainable flood carrier system in Cuddalore of Tamilnadu
Authors: Suresh P K , Sakthival S , Sundaravadivelu R , Aneesh P C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cuddalore district is located along the south west coast of Indian in the state of Tamilnadu bordering bay of Bengal.. The district is blessed with presence of wetlands, minor port and beach. The annual rainfall of the place is about 1300 mm. The district receives 70% of rainfall during north east monsoon from October to December. Agriculture is the main occupation. The rainfall along the coast is higher compared to upper regions. The high intensity rainfall occurrence is a common one. The district has anciently constructed hydraulic structures for conserving water called tanks. Perumal tank is the last source. The entire flood water during rainy season flows through a drain called Paravanar. This runs almost parallel to the coast for about 18km and finally merges with Bay of Bengal. Because of length and shallow slope, it takes more time for the water to recede. Hence a new canal was designed to drain some water directly in to the sea. HECRAS numerical model was adopted to study canal performance. The details of hydraulic studies and coastal sediment transport computations are highlighted.
Black phosphorus-based materials for energy storage and electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Xue Xiong-Xiong , Meng Haiyu , Huang Zongyu , Feng Yexin , Qi Xiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since its successful isolation in 2014, two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has triggered considerable interest ffrom physicists, chemists and material scientists. Benefitting from the unique structural and physicochemical properties, BP has been explored in various applications including photoelectric, biological and electrochemical fields. Besides, BP also shows great potential as a promising electrode material and electrocatalyst in energy storage and electrocatalytic applications, and tremendous progress has been made in these electrochemical fields in recent years. Here, this review highlights the recent experimental and theoretical progress of BP-based electrodes and electrocatalysts. The latest recent advances of BP-based functional materials in energy storage applications including lithium-, magnesium- and sodium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries and supercapacitors, are presented in detail. Further, the emerging electrocatalytic applications of BP for hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction are systematically reviewed with achievements and challenges. Finally, we offer brief personal comments on the existing challenges and prospective outlook on the basis of current research progress.
The Power of the Copy: Rethinking Replication Through the Cult Image
Authors: Peleggi Maurizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe employment of digital technology in recent instances of artwork replication raises important questions about the perceptual and ontological distinction between original and copy, for the latter is purported to be even more authentic than an original that has undergone alterations. Such instances challenge not only Benjamin’s claim about the loss of aura but also Goodman’s distinction between autographic and allographic arts. The article proposes to rethink the original/copy dualism from the perspective of the cult image. In the devotional traditions of Graeco-Roman polytheism as well as Christianity and Buddhism, cult images are approached not as representations, but as animated entities endowed with thaumaturgic powers that can be ritually transferred onto copies. From this perspective, replication is not about reproducing more or less faithfully the original, but engendering a double as effective as the original. Finally, the bearing of this perspective on contemporary works of art is considered.
VeTra: a tool for trajectory inference based on RNA velocity
Authors: Weng Guangzheng , Kim Junil , Won Kyoung Jae 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Trajectory inference (TI) for single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data is a powerful approach to interpret dynamic cellular processes such as cell cycle and development. Still, however, accurate inference of trajectory is challenging. Recent development of RNA velocity provides an approach to visualize cell state transition without relying on prior knowledge.

Results
To perform TI and group cells based on RNA velocity we developed VeTra. By applying cosine similarity and merging weakly connected components, VeTra identifies cell groups from the direction of cell transition. Besides, VeTra suggests key regulators from the inferred trajectory. VeTra is a useful tool for TI and subsequent analysis.

Availability and implementation
The Vetra is available at https://github.com/wgzgithub/VeTra.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prison Tech: Imagining the Prison as Lagging Behind and as a Test Bed for Technology Advancement
Authors: Kaun Anne , Stiernstedt Fredrik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which prisons are imagined as sites of technology development. By attending to expos that showcase prison technologies and constitute “live theatres of technology” (L. Cornfeld, 2018), we carve out ambivalent sociotechnical imaginaries of technological backwardness that are combined with the idea of radical technological innovation to reform the justice system. In doing so, we highlight the prison as one site of technology development and actors at technology trade shows catering to the prison and security sector as platforms for technological mediators that range from corporate prison tech companies to educators as well as representatives of the criminal justice system. The expos emerge as sites where technological development is negotiated through performative sociotechnical imaginaries of prison tech.
Extraterritoriality of Chinese Law: Myths, Realities and the Future
Authors: Huo Zhengxin , Yip Man 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While China strongly opposes the US practice of ‘long-arm jurisdiction’, it has decided to build its own legal system of extraterritoriality. This paradox reflects the crossroads at which China finds itself currently. Being a country weaker than the sole global superpower, it needs to stand firmly against the American ‘legal bullyism’ by invoking the shield of territorial sovereignty. Yet, as an emerging world power, it is in China’s interest to establish a legal system of extraterritoriality to safeguard its own national interests that extend globally. This article has two aims. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current model of Chinese extraterritoriality. Second, it proposes four key planks that should support the emerging Chinese system of extraterritoriality such that it will be both distinct from the US system as well as being practically achievable in light of China’s role in the global stage, national interests, and current capacity and conditions.
Consensus recommendations for the standardized histopathological evaluation and reporting after radical oesophago-gastrectomy (HERO consensus)
Authors: Pucher Philip H , Allum William H , Bateman Adrian C , Green Michael , Maynard Nick , Novelli Marco , Petty Russell , Underwood Timothy J , Gossage James 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY

Background
Variation in the approach, radicality, and quality of gastroesophageal surgery impacts patient outcomes. Pathological outcomes such as lymph node yield are routinely used as surrogate markers of surgical quality, but are subject to significant variations in histopathological evaluation and reporting. A multi-society consensus group was convened to develop evidence-based recommendations for the standardized assessment of gastroesophageal cancer specimens.

Methods
A consensus group comprised of surgeons, pathologists, and oncologists was convened on behalf of the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain & Ireland. Literature was reviewed for 17 key questions. Draft recommendations were voted upon via an anonymous Delphi process. Consensus was considered achieved where &gt;70% of participants were in agreement.

Results
Consensus was achieved on 18 statements for all 17 questions. Twelve strong recommendations regarding preparation and assessment of lymph nodes, margins, and reporting methods were made. Importantly, there was 100% agreement that the all specimens should be reported using the Royal College of Pathologists Guidelines as the minimum acceptable dataset. In addition, two weak recommendations regarding method and duration of specimen fixation were made. Four topics lacked sufficient evidence and no recommendation was made.

Conclusions
These consensus recommendations provide explicit guidance for gastroesophageal cancer specimen preparation and assessment, to provide maximum benefit for patient care and standardize reporting to allow benchmarking and improvement of surgical quality.
Third Year Survival, Growth, and Water Relations of West Gulf Coastal Plain Pines in East Texas
Authors: Hooker Jamie M , Oswald Brian P , Stovall Jeremy P , Weng Yuhui , Williams Hans M , Grogan Jason 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
West Gulf Coastal Plain provenance loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), and slash pines (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were planted in December 2015 on three east Texas sites to compare initial growth and survival. Three years after planting, survival ranged from 26.4% to 76.4%. Damage by Texas leafcutter ants (Atta texana) caused significant mortality on one site, and feral hog (Sus scrofa) herbivory and uprooting greatly affected survival at two other sites. Tree heights were greater in loblolly and slash pine than in shortleaf and longleaf pine, whereas diameters were greater in loblolly than in slash, shortleaf, and longleaf. Height and survival rates were greater in Shelby County and were lowest in Cherokee County. Midday leaf-level water potentials were most negative for shortleaf and loblolly pines and varied across the three sites. Tree heights were significantly but weakly (R = −0.23) correlated to leaf-level water potentials.
The Path to Eldership: Results From a Contemporary Indigenous Australian Community
Authors: Eades Owen , Toombs Maree R , Cinelli Renata , Easton Caitlin , Hampton Ron , Nicholson Geoffrey C , McCabe Marita P , Busija Lucy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Traditionally, Elders have held a unique social position within Indigenous Australian communities. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indigenous Elders that distinguish them from other people in their community.

Research Design and Methods
Using a community-based participatory research approach, the study was conducted in a regional Indigenous community in Southeast Queensland. The design and data collection methods were informed through a community forum, known as a “Yarning Circle.” One-on-one semistructured interviews and focus groups with community members were carried out by Indigenous researchers. Data were analyzed in NVivo software, using thematic analysis (TA), with themes derived directly from data.

Results
Fifty individuals participated in the study. The participants’ median age was 45 years (range 18–76 years) and 31 (62%) were female. TA identified 3 overarching themes related to Elders’ attributes: (a) distinguishing characteristics of Elders (subthemes of respect, leadership, reciprocity, life experience, approachability, connection to traditional culture, and transmitting knowledge through generations); (b) how one becomes an Elder (earnt eldership, permanency of eldership, mentors and role models, age); and (c) threats to Elders’ influence (intergenerational gap, community disconnect, and cultural trauma).

Discussion and Implications
Our results build a greater understanding of the contemporary role of Indigenous Australian Elders, which will inform the development of future interventions directed at strengthening Elders’ role in their communities.
Is diminished ovarian reserve a risk factor for miscarriage? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Busnelli Andrea , Somigliana Edgardo , Cirillo Federico , Levi-Setti Paolo Emanuele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum concentration and antral follicle count (AFC), as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography, accurately reflect the antral follicle pool. However, AMH and AFC association with fertility surrogates (i.e. age at menopause, probability of conceiving naturally and ART success rate) is questioned. Miscarriage is often considered an alternative measure of reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, the impact of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) on miscarriage incidence remains an understudied and unresolved issue.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to elucidate associations between DOR and miscarriage risk, both in women who conceived naturally and in those who achieved pregnancy through ART.

SEARCH METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus, from database inception to 1 March 2021. Studies were included only if all the following conditions were met: DOR was defined using serum AMH concentration or AFC; miscarriage rate was reported separately for different groups of women categorized according to the AMH and/or AFC level; authors reported either the rate of intrauterine pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestation or enough data were available to calculate it.

OUTCOMES
From a total of 347 publications initially identified, 16 studies were included. Pooled results from 13 retrospective studies focusing on ART pregnancies showed a significantly higher rate of miscarriage in women with a low AMH, as compared to women with a medium or high serum AMH concentration (12 042 women, random effects model, odds ratio (OR) 1.35; 95% CI, 1.10–1.66; P = 0.004; I2=50%). The only prospective study on ART pregnancies failed to show any association (61 women, risk ratio (RR) 2.95; 95% CI, 0.66–3.18; P = 0.16). Data from two prospective studies, which included naturally conceived pregnancies, showed a significantly increased miscarriage risk for women with low serum AMH. However, these data could not undergo meta-analysis owing to differing study designs. Using three retrospective studies, we observed an association between low AFC and miscarriage incidence (three retrospective studies on ART pregnancies, random effects model, OR 1.81; 95% CI, 1.02–3.21; P = 0.04; I2=64%).

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Our meta-analysis findings suggest that within the DOR patient subgroup, serum AMH and AFC biomarker levels may correlate with both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of ovarian reserve. However, owing to study limitations, the aetiology of this effect remains unclear and we are unable to define a causal relationship between DOR and increased miscarriage or to provide clinical recommendations based on this information. However, if confirmed by future well-designed studies, these findings would be profoundly informative for guiding women in family planning decisions.
Sectarian securitization in the Middle East and the case of Israel
Authors: Del Sarto Raffaella A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Focusing on the politics of sectarianism in the Middle East after the Arab uprisings, this article advances two main claims. First, it identifies the current climate of insecurity in the region amid major geopolitical shifts as a key condition that allows political leaders to present sectarian identities as being under (existential) threat. However, a heightened sense of insecurity not only acts as an enabling condition but is also the outcome of these sectarian securitization strategies. The ‘politics of fear’ may thus trigger a self-sustaining mechanism, or a vicious cycle. Second, as sectarian securitization has intensified in Israel since the early 2000s, the article discusses the vicious cycle of securitized sectarianism in the case of Israel in a comparative perspective. By drawing the attention to insecurity (or the sense thereof) as a key enabling condition against the backdrop of major disruptive events, and by bringing the case of Israel into the picture, the article contributes to our understanding of the current structure of regional politics in the Middle East. It concludes by reflecting on the impact of sectarian securitization on the region's conflict potential and the comparability of the Israeli case with those of other states in the region.
Enforcing copyright through antitrust? The strange case of news publishers against digital platforms
Authors: Colangelo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence of the multi-sided platform business model has had a profound impact on the news publishing industry. By acting as gatekeepers to news traffic, large online platforms appear to be unavoidable trading partners for news businesses and may exert substantial bargaining power in their dealings. Concerns have been raised that this bargaining power imbalance may threaten the viability of publishers’ businesses. Notably, digital infomediaries are accused of capturing a huge share of the advertising revenue by free-riding on the investments made in producing news content. Moreover, by affecting the monetization of news, the dominance of some online platforms is deemed to have contributed to the decline of trustworthy sources of news. Against this background, governments have been urged to intervene in order to ensure the sustainability of the publishing industry. The EU has decided to address publishers’ concerns by introducing an additional layer of copyright as a means to encourage cooperation between press publishers and online services. And the French Competition Authority has recently accused Google of adopting a display policy aimed at frustrating the objective of the domestic law implementing the EU legislation, hence requiring Google to conduct negotiations in good faith with publishers and news agencies on the remuneration for the reuse of their protected content. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission has instead embraced a regulatory approach, developing a mandatory bargaining code. The aim of this article is to analyse the different solutions advanced in order to assess their economic and legal justifications as well as their effectiveness.
Agency, Free Will, Self-Constitution: New Concepts for Historians of German-Jewish History between 1914 and 1938?
Authors: Kauders Anthony D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article discusses recent work on German-Jewish agency between 1914 and 1938. To find out whether ‘agency’ might be a helpful category for examining the crises facing Central European Jewry in this period, the article addresses the subject from the perspectives of individual and collective agency, applying classifications that philosophers have employed to make sense of human conduct. As I hope to show, these delimitations are only a preliminary step in trying to determine the explanatory power of agency. Whether the latter can serve as a tool in future work on modern German-Jewish history depends on the suitability of more specific philosophies of agency. Here the work of Christine Korsgaard and especially Michael Bratman may prove helpful in reflecting both on the self-understanding of German Jews in the first decades of the twentieth century and on their ‘freedom of action’ once this self-understanding was called into question. There is reason to see planning structures—grounded in the diachronic organization of our temporally extended selves—as basic to our individual and collective agency. Without ‘planning agency’, I will argue, ‘agency’ refers to mere action or choice.