bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Social Support: A Multilevel Analysis of the Personal Networks of People with Severe Mental Disorders
Authors: Wyngaerden François , Vacca Raffaele , Dubois Vincent , Lorant Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. For psychiatric service users suffering from severe mental disorders, the social support provided by personal social networks is essential for living a meaningful life within the community. However, the importance of the support received depend on the relations between the providers of social support. Yet this hasn’t been addressed in the literature so far for people with severe mental disorders. This article seeks to investigate how characteristics of service users with severe mental disorders, their social contacts, and the pattern of relationships between those contacts influence the distribution and provision of social support to people with severe mental disorders. Methods. We collected personal network data relating to 380 psychiatric service users from a random sample of health care providers in Belgium. We computed various measures of the structure of those neworks and of the position of support persons within those networks. We conducted a multilevel analysis of the importance of the support provided by each support persons.Results. The results show that the more central a support person was in the network of a service user, the more important his or her support was considered to be by the service user. Also, the denser the network in which a support person was embedded, the less important was the support he or she offers, but only for hospitalised service users. Conclusions. These finding highlight the collective dimension of social support. We discuss the implications for the organisation of mental health care.
Optimal accounting for age and time structure of HIV incidence estimates based on cross-sectional survey data with ascertainment of ‘recent infection’
Authors: Mhlanga Laurette , Eduard Grebe , Welte Alex 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany surveys have attempted to estimate HIV incidence from cross-sectional data which includes ascertainment of ‘recent infection’, but the inevitable age and time structure of this data has never been systematically explored – no doubt partly because statistical precision in such estimates is often insufficient to allow for satisfactory disaggregation. Given the non-trivial age structure of HIV incidence and prevalence, and the enormous investments that have been made in such data sets, it is important to understand effective ways to extract valid age structure from these precious data sets. MethodsUsing a comprehensive demographic/epidemiological simulation platform developed for this, and some wider, purposes (documented in more detail separately) we simulated a complex ‘South Africa inspired’ HIV epidemic, with explicitly specified 1) age/time dependent incidence, 2) age/time dependent mortality for uninfected individuals, and 3) age/time/time-since-infection dependent mortality for infected individuals. In this simulated world, we conducted cross-sectional surveys at various times, and applied variants of the recent infection based incidence estimation methodology of Kassanjee et al. We analysed in considerable detail how to smooth, and average over, the age structure in these surveys to produce the incidence estimates, paying attention to the fundamental trade-off between bias and statistical error.ResultsWe summarise our detailed observations about incidence estimates, generated by various age smoothing or age disaggregation procedures, into a straightforward fully specified ‘one size fits most’ algorithm for processing the survey data into age-specific incidence estimates: 1) generalised linear regression to turn observations into ‘prevalence’ of ‘infection’ and ‘recent infection’ (logit, and complementary log log, link functions, respectively; fitting coefficients of up to cubic terms in age/time); 2) a ‘moving window’ data inclusion recipe which handles each age/time point of interest separately; 3) post hoc age averaging of resulting pseudo continuously fitted incidence; 4) bootstrapping as a generic variance/significance estimation procedure.ConclusionsAs far as we are aware, this is the first analysis of several fine details of how age structure in cross-sectional surveys interacts with recency-based incidence estimation. Our proposed default estimation procedure generates incidence estimates with negligible bias and near-optimal precision, and can be readily applied to complex survey data sets by any group in possession of such data. Our code is available, in part freely through the R computing platform, and in part upon request.
PCGEM1 Promotes Proliferation, Migration And Invasion In Prostate Cancer By Sponging miR-506 To Upregulate TRIAP1
Authors: Liu He , He Xin , Li Tianjiao , Qu Yi , Xu Lina , Hou Yingnan , Fu Yao , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer has been demonstrated in many studies. Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1) is a lncRNA specifically expressed within the prostate and overexpressed in many cancer cells. Numerous studies have shown that PCGEM1 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration. However, the specific mechanism of PCGEM1 within prostate cancer (PCa) has not been elucidated. MicroRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p) is a noncoding RNA, and studies have indicated that miR-506-3p is downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines and functions as a tumor suppressor.Methods: The TCGA (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/) was employed to measure PCGEM1 levels in PCa. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the PCGEM1 gene level. CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation, and Transwell assays were applied to assess cell invasion and migration. The interacting ability of miR-506-3p with PCGEM1 or TRIAP1 was validated through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. TRIAP1 protein expression was detected by Western blotting.Results: PCGEM1 expression was increased in PCa tissues and cells. In PCa tissues, High PCGEM1 expression was associated with high Gleason score, distant metastasis and extracapsular extension. In addition, PCGEM1 knockdown inhibited PCa cell (C4-2B and PC-3) proliferation, invasion and migration. miR-506-3p may interact with PCGEM1 or TRIAP1, and the suppressive effect of PCGEM1 knockdown was reversed when TRIAP1 or a miR-506-3p inhibitor was cotransfected.Conclusion: PCGEM1 expression increased in PCa cells and tissues, enhancing PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion by sponging miR-506 to upregulate TRIAP1.
The Disorder of Mitochondrial Dynamics Causes Deafness By Promoting Macrophage-Mediated Hair Cell Death
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Fu Xiaolong , Li Yiyuan , Hong Guodong , Li Peipei , Guo Siwei , Ye Fanglei , Jin Jin , Chai Renjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are essential for maintaining the physiological function of the mitochondrial network, and the disorder of mitochondrial dynamics leads to neurodegenerative diseases. However, how mitochondrial dynamics affects auditory function in the inner ear remains unclear. FAM73a and FAM73b are mitochondrial outer membrane proteins that mediate mitochondrial fusion. Here, we found that FAM73a or FAM73b deficiency resulted in elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis of hair cells. Additionally, mitochondrial fission also causes an increase expression of IL-12 in basilar membrane macrophages through accumulating IRF1. As a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses, hyperproduction of IL-12 further promoted the polarization of Th1 and tissue damage. Our data highlighted an important role of mitochondrial dynamics in maintaining cochlear homeostasis and hair cell survival. Mitochondrial dynamics not only disturbed hair cell function, but also induced the disorder of immune responses.
Use of Interventional Neuroradiology Devices (Solitaire AB and Cascade Net) In The Treatment of Complex Renal Aneurysms Through Stent-Assisted Coil Embolisation.
Authors: Pampín Eva , Zarraga Fernando López , Moliner Francisco Javier Maynar , Garriz Amaya Iturralde , Torre Rebeca Bastida 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The risk of rupture of true renal artery aneurysms is low but when they are bigger than 2 - 2.5 cm it increases significantly, making treatment essential. The need to use alternatives to conventional techniques in order to avoid predictable complications as coil migration is mandatory.Discussion: Routinely-used techniques in interventional neuroradiology such as flow diverters or those assisted with an occlusion balloon or stent have are suitable alternatives for complex aneurysms.Conclusion: Interventional neuroradiology devices such as the Cascade Net stent (Perflow Medical and Grupo Logsa) and Solitaire AB stent retriever (Medtronic) are valid and safe options. We describe the technique of such devices.
Assessing The Reliability of Zygomatic Bone Landmarks as Guides to Reach The Inferior Orbital Fissure in Orbitozygomatic Osteotomy. Anatomical Study Of 83 Human Skulls.
Authors: Melchenko Semyon A , Cherekaev Vasiliy A , Aleshkina Olga Yu , Danilov Gleb V , Musa Gerald , Strunina Uliya V , Golbin Denis A , Lasunin Nikolay V , Zaychenko Alexander A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesTo perform an adequate orbito-zygomatic craniotomy, it is very important that the bone cut which passes through the body of the zygoma reaches the inferior orbital fissure (IOF). To reach the IOF, two surface landmarks on the body of the zygoma are described: a point located directly superior to the malar eminence and the zygomaticofacial foramen. The article explores the reliability of these landmarks and three other alternative points to reach the IOF.Method Eighty-three adult skulls were used in this study. The IOF dimensions and the relationship with the malar eminence, the point superior to the malar eminence, the zygomaticofacial foramen and 3 alternative points (E, C, F) were analyzed.Results. The malar eminence was unacceptable for use as a guide to the IOF. The point superior to the malar eminence was also unacceptable as a guide as only 9.4% and 10.9% were in the projection of the IOF on the right and left, respectively. 59.7% of the total zygomaticofacial foramina fell in the IOF projection. The point F fell in the projection of the IOF in 98.8% and 100.0% on the right and left, respectively. Conclusion. The use of the malar eminence as a guide to reach the IOF is unreliable in one third of cases as it is not easily identified intraoperatively in these cases. The zygomaticofacial foramen cannot be considered a reliable surgical landmark to reach the IOF. The authors recommend using the point “F” which is reliable in 98.8-100% of cases.
Temporally restricted activation of IFNβ signaling determines
response to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Zemek Rachael , Chin Wee Loong , Fear Vanessa , Wylie Ben , Casey Thomas , Forbes Catherine , Tilsed Caitlin , Boon Louis , Guo Belinda , Bosco Anthony , Forrest Alistair , Millward Michael , Nowak Anna , Lake Richard , Lassmann Timo , Lesterhuis W.Joost 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Little is known about the dynamic biological events that underpin therapeutic efficacy in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer, due to the inability to frequently sample tumors in patients. Here, we mapped the transcriptional profiles of 144 responding and non-responding tumors within two mouse models at four time points during ICB. We found that responding tumors displayed on/fast-off kinetics of type-I-interferon (IFN) signaling. Phenocopying of this kinetics using time-dependent sequential dosing of recombinant IFNs and neutralizing anti-bodies markedly improved ICB efficacy, but only when IFNβ was targeted, not IFNα. We identified Ly6C+/CD11b+ inflammatory monocytes as the primary source of IFNβ and found that active type-I-IFN signaling in tumor-infiltrating inflammatory monocytes was associated with T cell expansion in patients treated with ICB. Together, our results suggest that on/fast-off modulation of IFNβ signaling is critical to the therapeutic response to ICB, which can be exploited to drive clinical outcomes towards response.
Current Biomarkers of Apoptosis Process in Chronically Inflamed Nasal Sinus Epithelium: Representatives of BAX, Bcl-2 and miRNA Group
Authors: Morawska-Kochman Monika , Smieszek Agnieszka , Marcinkowska Klaudia , Marycz Krzysztof , Nelke Kamil , Zub Krzysztof , Zatonski Tomasz , Bochnia Marek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In chronic upper respiratory tract diseases, increased cell proliferative activity is observed, which is coordinated by Bcl-2 proteins as well as by small non-coding RNAs.The aim of this study was to determine the expression of critical apoptosis markers at the mRNA and miRNA level in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CSRwNP).The study group consisted of 10 patients with CSRwNP and 10 healthy controls. TUNEL staining was performed to detect in situ apoptosis in the maxillary sinus mucosa. The levels of selected mRNA transcripts associated with cell survival and apoptosis: BAX, p53, p21, CASP3, CASP9, c-MYC, CCND1, BRIC5 and APAF1 and miRNAs: miR-17-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p and miR-203a-3p were determined by RT-qPCR. CSRwNP patients showed increased apoptosis determined by TUNEL assay accompanied by increased expression of BAX, P21, P53, CASP3, CASP9, c-MYC, APAF-1 transcripts and decreased mRNA levels of BCL-2 and BIRC5. There were increased expression levels of miR-203a-3p and decreased expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-145-5p. These findings appear to be characteristic features of apoptosis in CRSwNP. The proapoptotic effect of miR-203a-3p may be crucial for future treatment strategies for CRSwNP.
Increasing The Grain Yield And Grain Protein Content of Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) By Introducing Missense Mutations In The Q Gene
Authors: Chen Qing , Guo Zhenru , Shi Xiaoli , Wei Meiqiao , Fan Yazhen , Zhu Jing , Zheng Ting , Wang Yan , Kong Li , Deng Mei , Cao Xinyou , Wang Jirui , Wei Yuming , Jiang Qiantao , Jiang Yunfeng , Chen Guoyue , Zheng Youliang , Qi Pengfei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) are important traits for wheat breeding and production; however, they are usually negatively correlated. The Q gene is the most important domestication gene in cultivated wheat because it influences many traits, including GY and GPC. Additionally, Qc1 is an overexpressed Q allele containing a missense mutation in the microRNA172-binding site. The common wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant S-Cp1-1, which carries Qc1, has a very high GPC and some unfavorable characteristics, including dwarfism and compact spikes, which decrease the GY. We previously suggested that missense mutations in the sequences encoding the AP2 domains of Qc1 can be exploited to enhance the agronomic performance of wheat. In this study, we characterized two new Q alleles (Qs1 and Qc1-N8). Compared with the wild-type Q allele, Qs1 contains a missense mutation in the sequence encoding the first AP2 domain, whereas Qc1-N8 has two missense mutations, one in the sequence encoding the second AP2 domain and the other in the microRNA172-binding site. The Qs1 allele did not significantly affect the GPC or other processing quality parameters, but it adversely affected the GY by decreasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike. In contrast, Qc1-N8 positively affected the GPC and GY by increasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike, thereby reversing the unfavorable agronomic characteristics resulting from Qc1. Thus, we generated a novel germplasm relevant for wheat breeding. Furthermore, our findings provide new information useful for enhancing cereal crops via non-transgenic approaches.
Factors Associated With The Use of Rehabilitation Therapies Among Brazilian Adults With Chronic Diseases And Functional Limitations: A Cross-Seccional Study
Authors: Boccolini Patricia de Moraes Mello , Duarte Cristina Maria Rabelais , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding the patterns of rehabilitation therapies among individuals who need them in Brazil can help identify the most vulnerable populations and guide public policies. We aim to analyze the use of rehabilitation therapies among Brazilian adults with chronic conditions and limitations in their daily activities. Methods: This is a population-based survey with data from the 2013 National Health Survey, whose complex sample consisted of three-stage clusters. The outcome considered was the adult population who reported a stroke, arthritis, work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or reported back pain, associated with moderate to very intense limitations of their activities and who have used rehabilitation therapies. A logistic regression model was estimated, with a 95%CI, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Results: Among Brazilian adults, 24.8% were diagnosed with a stroke, arthritis, WMSD, COPD, or reported back pain. Among these, 34.6% reported having moderate, intense, or very intense limitations in their daily activities due to illnesses, and, among this population, 26.3% performed some rehabilitation therapy related to their conditions. The use of rehabilitation therapies was more frequent among the female population, with higher education, higher socioeconomic status, older, and living in the southern macro-region of Brazil. Conclusions: the low frequency of rehabilitation therapies may be associated with barriers to access health services.
Structure and Function of an Atypical Homodimeric Actin Capping Protein from the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Bendes Ábris Ádám , Kursula Petri , Kursula Inari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites, such as Plasmodium spp., rely on an unusual actomyosin motor, termed glideosome, for motility and host cell invasion. The actin filaments are maintained by a small set of essential regulators, which provide control over actin dynamics in the different stages of the parasite life cycle. Actin filament capping proteins (CPs) are indispensable heterodimeric regulators of actin dynamics. CPs have been extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes, but their role and functional mechanism in Apicomplexa remain enigmatic. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a homodimeric CP from the malaria parasite and compare the homo- and heterodimeric CP structures in detail. Despite retaining several characteristics of a canonical CP, the homodimeric Plasmodium berghei (Pb)CP exhibits crucial differences to the canonical heterodimers. Both homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs regulate actin dynamics in an atypical manner, facilitating rapid turnover of parasite actin, without affecting its critical concentration. Homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs show partially redundant activities, possibly to rescue actin filament capping in life cycle stages where the β-subunit is downregulated,. Our data suggest that the homodimeric PbCP also influences actin kinetics by recruiting lateral actin dimers. This unusual function could arise from the absence of a β-subunit, as the asymmetric PbCP homodimer lacks structural elements essential for canonical barbed end interactions suggesting a novel CP binding mode. These findings will facilitate further studies aimed at elucidating the precise actin filament capping mechanism in Plasmodium.
Heart rate variability changes in mild-symptomatic, physically fit male in 4-6 weeks from the end of SARS-Cov-2 infection
Authors: Soliński Mateusz , Pawlak Agnieszka , Petelczyc Monika , Buchner Teodor , Aftyka Joanna , Gil Robert , Król Zbigniew , Żebrowski Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
SARS-Cov-2 infection, due to inflammation processes, can affect autonomic nervous system and heart rate variability (HRV) even after disease. Previous studies showed significant changes in HRV parameters in severe (including fatal) infection of SARS-Cov-2. However, HRV analysis for the asymptomatic or mild-symptomatic Covid-19 patients have not been reported. In this study, we suggested that there is an influence of a SARS-Cov-2 infection on the HRV in such patients after weeks form disease.Sixty-five ECG Holter recordings from young (mean age 22.6 ± 3.4 years), physically fit male subjects after 4-6 weeks from the second negative test (considered to be the beginning of recovery) and twenty-six control male subjects (mean age 23.2 ± 2.9 years) were considered in the study. Night-time RR time series were extracted from ECG signals. Selected linear, frequency as well as nonlinear HRV parameters were calculated. We found significant differences in Porta’s symbolic analysis parameters V0 and V2 (p<0.001), α2 (p<0.001), very low frequency component (VLF; p=0.022), and respiratory peak (from PRSA method; p=0.012). These differences may be caused by the changes of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system as well as by the coupling of respiratory rhythm with heart rate due to an increase in pulmonary arterial vascular resistance.The results suggest that the changes in the HRV, thus autonomic nervous system, are measurable after a few weeks from the beginning of the recovery even in the post-Covid group of young and physically active population. We indicated HRV sensitive markers which could be used in the long-term monitoring of recovered patients.
Octogenarian Patients with Colon Cancer – Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality are the Major Challenges
Authors: Høydahl Øystein , Edna Tom-Harald , Xanthoulis Athanasios , Lydersen Stian , Endreseth Birger Henning 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Few studies have addressed colon cancer surgery outcomes in an unselected cohort of octogenarian patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative survival of octogenarian patients after a major resection of colon cancer with a curative intent. Methods All patients diagnosed with colon cancer at Levanger Hospital between 1980 and 2016 were included. We performed logistic regression to test for associations between 100-day mortality and explanatory variables. We performed a relative survival analysis to identify factors associated with short- and long-term survival.Results Among 239 octogenarian patients treated with major resections with curative intent, the 100-day mortality was 10.1%. Among 215 patients that survived the first 100 days, the five-year relative survival rate was 99.7%. The 100-day mortality of octogenarian patients was significantly shorter than that of younger patients, but the long-term survival converged with that of younger patients. Among octogenarian patients, the incidence of colon cancer more than doubled during our 37-year observation period. The relative increase in patients undergoing surgery exceeded the increase in incidence; hence, more patients were selected for surgery over time. A high 100-day mortality was associated with older age, a high American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, and emergency surgery. Moreover, worse long-term survival was associated with a high Charlson Comorbidity Index, a high ASA score, a worse TNM stage, emergency surgery and residual tumours. Both the 100‑day and long-term survival rates improved over time. Conclusion Among octogenarian patients with colon cancer that underwent major resections with curative intent, the 100-day mortality was high, but after surviving 100 days, the relative long-term survival rate was comparable to that of younger patients. Further improvements in survival will primarily require measures to reduce the 100-day mortality risk.