bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotony-associated Complications After Deep Sclerectomy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Rabiolo Alessandro , Leadbetter Duncan , Anand Nitin 
Published: June 2021

Precis:
Chronic hypotony is not uncommon following deep sclerectomy (DS), but only a minor proportion of patients develop hypotony-associated complications. Numerical hypotony does not affect the visual outcomes. This study identifies factors associated with hypotony.

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hypotony and hypotony-associated complications after DS.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of 1765 eyes (1385 patients) undergoing DS with or without cataract extraction between 2001 and 2020 in 2 UK centers. Chronic hypotony was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤5 mm Hg in ≥2 consecutive visits lasting >90 days or as any IOP ≤5 mm Hg associated with hypotony-related complications or requiring surgical intervention. Clinical hypotony was defined as the presence of: serous or hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, hypotony maculopathy, flat anterior chamber requiring reformation, decompression retinopathy. The incidence of hypotony was calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics, and Cox regression was used to identify risk factors.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) age and follow-up were 76 (67 to 82) years and 45.4 (20.9 to 79.8) months, respectively. The incidence (95% confidence interval) of chronic and clinical hypotony at 5 years was 13.4% (11.5%-15.3%) and 5.6% (4.3%-6.9%), respectively. Sixteen eyes (15.7%) with hypotony-associated complications had IOP >5 mm Hg. Male sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.89, P=0.018), non-Caucasian ethnicity (HR: 2.49, P=0.046), intraoperative bevacizumab (HR: 3.96, P=0.01), pigmentary glaucoma (HR: 3.59, P=0.048), previous vitreoretinal surgery (HR: 5.70, P=0.009), intraoperative microperforation (HR: 4.17, P<0.001) and macroperforation (HR: 20.76, P<0.001), and avascular bleb (HR: 1.80, P=0.036) were associated with clinical hypotony.

Discussion:
Chronic hypotony is not uncommon following DS, but clinical hypotony is infrequent. Hypotony associated-complications can occur in eyes without statistical hypotony.
Prevalence and Factors Affecting Postoperative Delirium in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kose Gulsah , Şirin Keziban , Inel Mehtap Balin , Mertoglu Sevcan , Aksakal Raziye , Kurucu Şule 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors affecting, postoperative delirium (POD) in patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 127 Turkish neurosurgical intensive care unit patients admitted between May 2018 and May 2019 was conducted. Patients were assessed for the development of POD using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. We collected other independent data variables daily. Data were analyzed using independent sample t test, χ2 test, and logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of POD on the first and second postoperative days were 18.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale score, albumin level, Spo
2 level, hemoglobin values, undergoing cranial surgery, and having intra-arterial catheter were the independent risk factors for POD. CONCLUSION: These findings may contribute to identifying patients at risk for developing POD and developing strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Gender Difference in the Association Between Stroke Knowledge and Health Behavior Before the Onset of Stroke Among Chinese Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Li Zhuo-Ran , Ruan Heng-Fang , Shen Li-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Pei , Wan Li-Hong 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that men and women have different levels of stroke knowledge and differing health behaviors, which are important factors affecting blood pressure, as hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke occurrence. There has been little research on the effects of sex on the association between these 2 variables before the onset of stroke among Chinese hypertensive patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study and a convenience sampling method were used. 272 male and 118 female hypertensive stroke patients were recruited. Each patient completed the Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire and the Health Behavior Scale for stroke patients. RESULTS: Compared with female patients, male patients had greater stroke knowledge and worse prestroke health behavior. The Pearson correlation coefficient between stroke knowledge and prestroke health behavior was 0.149 and 0.223 in male and female participants, respectively, P < .05. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that Chinese hypertensive stroke patients' prestroke health behavior was significantly influenced by sex and stroke knowledge. CONCLUSION: Chinese male and female hypertensive stroke patients had disparities in stroke knowledge and prestroke health behavior; moreover, the correlation between these 2 variables before experiencing a hypertensive stroke was different between men and women. Men with hypertension should be considered at a higher risk for an initial or recurrent stroke. Developing sex-specific intervention for primary or secondary stroke prevention in China is essential.
Prophylactic dialysis improves short-term clinical outcome in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: An Xiuping , Ye Nan , Bian Weijing , Cheng Hong 
Published: June 2021

Background
Several studies have reported that prophylactic dialysis can reduce the mortality of non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients after cardiac surgery. However, the results of complications in these randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were not consistent. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effect of prophylactic dialysis in these non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients.

Methods
We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane’s Library and other online sources for related RCTs. Effects of prophylactic dialysis on the incidence of 30 days’ mortality and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results
Four RCTs comprising 395 patients were included, all of them treated by coronary artery bypass grafting. Treatment of preoperative and intraoperative prophylactic dialysis significantly reduced the rate of 30-day all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.58, P < 0.001, I
2 = 0%) and the incidence of pulmonary complications (RR: 0.39, 95% CI, 0.20–0.77, P = 0.007, I
2 = 0%), low cardiac output (RR: 0.29, 95% CI, 0.09–0.99, P = 0.05, I
2 = 0%), and acute kidney injury (RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.52, P = 0.001, I
2 = 0%). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the dialysis group and the control group in gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis or multiple organ failure, wound infection, arrhythmia, transient neurologic deficit, stroke and re-exploration for bleeding.

Conclusion
Prophylactic dialysis can improve the 30-day clinical outcomes of non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients undergoing cardiac surgery, it was associated with the 30-day mortality benefit and led to a decrease in the incidence of pulmonary complications, as well as low cardiac output, and acute kidney injury.
Relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease and nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Liping , Liu Yunxiao , Su Hongchang , Shi Xiangzhen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The association of nephropathy with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been reported previously. However, there is limited information on the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and nephropathy. A retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of 246 patients with nephropathy, 82 of whom had concurrent AITD. General characteristics, thyroid function, autoantibodies, and the pathological types of nephropathy were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) in the kidneys. We found nephropathy patients with AITD exhibited higher serum levels of TPO-Ab, TG-Ab, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TR-Ab), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P < .05). Compared with the nephropathy without AITD group, the nephropathy with AITD group exhibited higher proportions of membranous nephropathy (MN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and relatively lower proportions of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and minimal change nephropathy (MCN) (P = .005). TPO-Ab and TG-Ab levels in the kidney were more prevalent in nephropathy patients with AITD than those without AITD (P = .015 and P = .026, respectively). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), TG-Ab, TPO-Ab, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and IgG in the MN group were significantly higher, whereas the levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower, as compared with MN with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) group (P < .05). TPO-Ab and TG-Ab expression levels in the kidneys were more prevalent in the MN group than in the MN with HT group (P = .034). The expression levels of FT4, TG-Ab, TPO-Ab, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSHR-Ab) in the serum were significantly higher in the MN group than in the MN with Graves disease (GD) group (P < .05). The expression of TPO-Ab in the kidneys was more prevalent in the MN group than in the MN with GD group (P = .011). In sum, the expressions of TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were more prevalent in the kidneys of patients with nephropathy and AITD. Our findings indicate that TPO-Ab and TG-Ab may play a role in the development of AITD-related nephropathy.
Associations between efavirenz concentrations, pharmacogenetics and neurocognitive performance in people living with HIV in Nigeria
Authors: Nwogu Jacinta N. , Gandhi Monica , Owen Andrew , Khoo Saye H. , Taiwo Babafemi , Olagunju Adeniyi , Berzins Baiba , Okochi Hideaki , Tallerico Regina , Robertson Kevin , Babalola Chinedum P. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Efavirenz (EFV) use is associated with neuropsychiatric side effects, which may include poor neurocognitive performance. We evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that contribute to EFV pharmacokinetics and examined them in association with EFV concentrations in plasma and hair, as well as neurocognitive performance.

Design:
Cross-sectional study in which adults with HIV receiving 600-mg EFV for at least 2 months were recruited and paired hair and dried blood spots (DBS) samples collected.

Methods:
Participants (N = 93, 70.3% female) were genotyped for seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2B6, NRII3 and ABCB1 using DBS. EFV was quantified in DBS and hair using validated liquid-chromatography–tandem-mass-spectrometry methods, with plasma EFV concentrations derived from DBS levels. Participants were also administered a neurocognitive battery of 10 tests (seven domains) that assessed total neurocognitive functioning.

Results:
Strong correlation (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) was observed between plasma and hair EFV concentrations. The median (interquartile range) hair EFV concentration was 6.85 ng/mg (4.56–10.93). CYP2B6 516G>T, (P < 0.001) and CYP2B6 983T>C (P = 0.001) were each associated with hair EFV concentrations. Similarly, 516G>T (P < 0.001) and 983T>C (P = 0.009) were significantly associated with plasma EFV concentration. No other genetic associations were observed. Contrary to other studies, total neurocognitive performance was significantly associated with plasma EFV concentrations (r = 0.23, P = 0.043) and 983T>C genotype (r = 0.38, P < 0.0005).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated approximately three-fold and two-fold higher EFV plasma and hair concentrations, respectively, among CYP2B6 516TT compared with 516GG. Higher EFV concentrations were associated with better neurocognitive performance, requiring further study to elucidate the relationships between adherence, adverse effects and outcomes.
Recurrent Glioma
Authors: Jena Amarnath , Taneja Sangeeta , Khan Anna Ara , Sogani Shanti K. 
Published: June 2021

Rationale of the Study
Neuroimaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced MRI and PET provide significant insight in the evaluation of gliomas. However, their reliability in successfully differentiating the tumor recurrence with treatment-related changes is still technologically challenging. The current study aims to qualitatively investigate the potential of the hybrid PET/multiparametric MRI modality to noninvasively distinguish between these 2 outcomes of brain tumor diagnostics for optimum and early patient management.

Patients and Methods
A cohort of 26 suspected recurrent glioma cases proved on histology and/or clinicoradiological outcome forms the part of this study. A 3-point visual analytical scale was used to qualify lesions as recurrent or posttreatment radiation effects on PET, conventional MRI, dynamic susceptibility contrast–perfusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, and the MR spectroscopy according to their level of suspicion.

Results
Of the 26 patients, 21 patients were classified as recurrence and 5 as radiation necrosis. Advanced MRI parameters (perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy) integrated with 18F-DOPA PET imaging resulted in superior diagnostic performance obtained on visual assessment with an accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 96%, and specificity approaching up to 100% over individual modalities.

Conclusions
The combination of multiple MR parameters evaluated together with 18F-DOPA PET offers an attractive approach to noninvasively distinguish true recurrence from radiation necrosis. However, further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted with additional neuropathological validations.
Löfgren Syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tol Suzanne J. M. , van der Zant Friso M. , Knol Remco J. J. , Wondergem Maurits , Broos Wouter A. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 58-year-old man presented with fever, erythema nodosum, and arthralgia of knee and ankle joints. Laboratory data showed signs of inflammation, and chest x-ray revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. 18F-FDG PET/CT was acquired to analyze the underlying causes and revealed FDG accumulation in thoracic lymphadenopathy and in subcutaneous lesions and periarticular uptake. This typical triad is known as Löfgren syndrome, an acute manifestation of sarcoidosis and which, as this case shows, can be visualized on 18F-FDG PET/CT. It is important to recognize this syndrome and to discriminate it from the classic presentation of sarcoidosis because of its different diagnostic and therapeutic consequences.
Malignant Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Vagina on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shen Guohua , Wang Rang , Pan Lili , Kuang Anren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor is an aggressive neoplasm commonly arising from the kidney during infancy and childhood. Extrarenal forms of this tumor are relatively rare and have been reported in several extrarenal sites including central nervous system, liver, bladder, vulva, and head and neck. Hereby, we present FDG PET/CT findings of malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor originating from the vagina in an 8-year-old girl.
Adolescent autism and autoimmune diagnoses linked to infant gut bacteria whose prevalence is associated with at-risk genetics and/or diet
Authors: Turpin Patricia L. , Ahrens Angelica P. , Russell Jordan T. , Kindgren Erik , Berryman Meghan A. , Ilonen Jorma , Atkinson Mark A. , Schatz Desmond A. , Triplett Eric W. , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe earliest predictors of future autoimmune diseases are a series of autoantibodies that are rarely evaluated and very within and between diseases. In addition, autoantibodies often appear just prior to disease onset. All of these factors make it difficult to apply interventions that might prevent disease. Earlier predictors of disease are needed. Here, a general population cohort was used to assess whether gut bacterial biomarkers could be identified prior to disease. Gut microbiome analysis on 1741 one-year old Swedish children was performed on samples collected in the late 1990s. These children were then followed for 18 years for the incidence of five autoimmune diseases and autism. Specific bacterial strains in the gut microbiome of one-year-old children have been identified as exclusive to the 96 subjects (cases) who acquired type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, hypothyroidism, Crohn’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or autism over their next 18 years. None of these strains were found in the 1645 children (controls) who did not acquire any of these diseases. Ten other strains were exclusive to those who remained disease-free. In most cases, the presence or absence of these bacteria were strongly associated with: 1) high-risk class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles; 2) dietary factors; or 3) a combination of HLA genetics and diet. These results have three significant implications: 1) certain class II HLA haplotypes may serve as bacterial gatekeepers early in life, altering microbiome composition thereby creating the potential for dysbiosis and inflammation; 2) the gut microbiome dysbiosis and inflammation during infancy, largely derived from host HLA genetics and diet, may be a common precedent to all five autoimmune diseases and autism; and 3) HLA gatekeeping may prevent gut colonization of beneficial bacteria in those genetically at-risk individuals who could most benefit from probiotic therapy.FundingJDRF, Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden, Regions Östergötland, and Linköping University.
ZFC3H1 and U1-70K promote the nuclear retention of mRNAs with 5’ splice site motif within nuclear speckles
Authors: Lee Eliza S. , Smith Harrison W. , Wolf Eric J. , Guvenek Aysegul , Emili Andrew , Tian Bin , Palazzo Alexander F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuality control of mRNA represents an important regulatory mechanism for gene expression in eukaryotes. One component of this quality control is the nuclear retention and decay of misprocessed RNAs. Previously, we demonstrated that mature mRNAs containing a 5’ splice site (5’SS) motif, which is typically found in misprocessed RNAs such as intronic polyadenylated (IPA) transcripts, are nuclear retained and degraded. Here we demonstrate that these transcripts require the zinc finger protein ZFC3H1 for their decay and nuclear retention into nuclear speckles. Furthermore, we find that U1-70K, a component of the U1 snRNP spliceosomal complex, is also required for their nuclear retention and likely functions in the same pathway as ZFC3H1. Finally, we show that the disassembly of nuclear speckles impairs the nuclear retention of mRNAs with 5’SS motifs. Together, our results suggest a model where mRNAs with 5’SS motifs are recognized by U1 snRNP, which then acts with ZFC3H1 to both promote their decay and prevent nuclear export of these mRNAs by sequestering them in nuclear speckles. Our results highlight a splicing independent role of U1 snRNP and indicate that it works in conjunction with ZFC3H1 in preventing the nuclear export of misprocessed mRNAs.
Functional-Hybrid Modeling through automated adaptive symbolic regression for interpretable mathematical expressions
Authors: Narayanan Harini , Cruz Bournazou Mariano Nicolas , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo , Butté Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMathematical models used for the representation of (bio)-chemical processes can be grouped into two broad paradigms: white-box or mechanistic models, completely based on knowledge or black-box data-driven models based on patterns observed in data. However, in the past two-decade, hybrid modeling that explores the synergy between the two paradigms has emerged as a pragmatic compromise. The data-driven part of these have been largely based on conventional machine learning algorithm (e.g., artificial neural network, support vector regression), which prevents interpretability of the finally learnt model by the domain-experts. In this work we present a novel hybrid modeling framework, the Functional-Hybrid model, that uses the ranked domain-specific functional beliefs together with symbolic regression to develop dynamic models. We demonstrate the successful implementation of these hybrid models for four benchmark systems and a microbial fermentation reactor, all of which are systems of (bio)chemical relevance. We also demonstrate that compared to a similar implementation with the conventional ANN, the performance of Functional-Hybrid model is at least two times better in interpolation and extrapolation. Additionally, the proposed framework can learn the dynamics in 50% lower number of experiments. This improved performance can be attributed to the structure imposed by the functional transformations introduced in the Functional-Hybrid model.
Many dissimilar protein domains switch between α-helix and β-sheet folds
Authors: Porter Lauren L. , Kim Allen K. , Rimal Swechha , Looger Loren L. , Majumdar Ananya , Mensh Brett D. , Starich Mary 
Published: June 2021

SummaryHundreds of millions of structured proteins sustain life through chemical interactions and catalytic reactions1. Though dynamic, these proteins are assumed to be built upon fixed scaffolds of secondary structure, α-helices and β-sheets. Experimentally determined structures of over >58,000 non-redundant proteins support this assumption, though it has recently been challenged by ∼100 fold-switching proteins2. These “metamorphic3” proteins, though ostensibly rare, raise the question of how many uncharacterized proteins have shapeshifting–rather than fixed–secondary structures. To address this question, we developed a comparative sequence-based approach that predicts fold-switching proteins from differences in secondary structure propensity. We applied this approach to the universally conserved NusG transcription factor family of ∼15,000 proteins, one of which has a 50-residue regulatory subunit experimentally shown to switch between α-helical and β-sheet folds4. Our approach predicted that 25% of the sequences in this family undergo similar α-helix ⇌ β-sheet transitions, a frequency two orders of magnitude larger than previously observed. Our predictions evade state-of-the-art computational methods but were confirmed experimentally by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for all 10 assiduously chosen dissimilar variants. These results suggest that fold switching is a pervasive mechanism of transcriptional regulation in all kingdoms of life and imply that numerous uncharacterized proteins may also switch folds.
Serotonergic neuron ribosomes regulate the neuroendocrine control of Drosophila development
Authors: Deliu Lisa P. , Jadir Deeshpaul , Ghosh Abhishek , Grewal Savraj S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe regulation of ribosome function is a conserved mechanism of growth control. While studies in single cell systems have defined how ribosomes contribute to cell growth, the mechanisms that link ribosome function to organismal growth are less clear. Here we explore this issue using Drosophila Minutes, a class of heterozygous mutants for ribosomal proteins (Rps). These animals exhibit a delay in larval development caused by decreased production of the steroid hormone ecdysone, the main regulator of larval maturation. We found that this developmental delay is not caused by decreases in either global ribosome numbers or translation rates. Instead, we show that they are due in part to loss of Rp function specifically in a subset of serotonin (5-HT) neurons that innervate the prothoracic gland to control ecdysone production. We found that these 5-HT neurons have defective secretion in Minute animals, and that overexpression of synaptic vesicle proteins in 5-HTergic cells can partially reverse the Minute developmental delay. These results identify a cell-specific role for ribosomal function in the neuroendocrine control of animal growth and development.