bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage‐Disguised Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Neuroprotection by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Modulating Inflammatory Microenvironment in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Chao , Zhao Zhenhao , Luo Yifan , Ning Tingting , Liu Peixin , Chen Qinjun , Chu Yongchao , Guo Qin , Zhang Yiwen , Zhou Wenxi , Chen Hongyi , Zhou Zheng , Wang Yu , Su Boyu , You Haoyu , Zhang Tongyu , Li Xuwen , Song Haolin , Li Chufeng , Sun Tao , Jiang Chen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReperfusion injury is still a major challenge that impedes neuronal survival in ischemic stroke. However, the current clinical treatments are remained on single pathological process, which are due to lack of comprehensive neuroprotective effects. Herein, a macrophage‐disguised honeycomb manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosphere loaded with fingolimod (FTY) is developed to salvage the ischemic penumbra. In particular, the biomimetic nanoparticles can accumulate actively in the damaged brain via macrophage‐membrane protein‐mediated recognition with cell adhesion molecules that are overexpressed on the damaged vascular endothelium. MnO2 nanosphere can consume excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and convert it into desiderated oxygen (O2), and can be decomposed in acidic lysosome for cargo release, so as to reduce oxidative stress and promote the transition of M1 microglia to M2 type, eventually reversing the proinflammatory microenvironment and reinforcing the survival of damaged neuron. This biomimetic nanomedicine raises new strategy for multitargeted combined treatment of ischemic stroke.
Stretchable and Conductive Composite Structural Color Hydrogel Films as Bionic Electronic Skins
Authors: Zhang Hui , Guo Jiahui , Wang Yu , Sun Lingyu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectronic skins have received increasing attention in biomedical areas. Current efforts about electronic skins are focused on the development of multifunctional materials to improve their performance. Here, the authors propose a novel natural‐synthetic polymers composite structural color hydrogel film with high stretchability, flexibility, conductivity, and superior self‐reporting ability to construct ideal multiple‐signal bionic electronic skins. The composite hydrogel film is prepared by using the mixture of polyacrylamide (PAM), silk fibroin (SF), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, PP), and graphene oxide (GO) to replicate colloidal crystal templates and construct inverse opal scaffolds, followed by subsequent acid treatment. Due to these specific structures and components, the resultant film is imparted with vivid structural color and high conductivity while retaining the composite hydrogel's original stretchability and flexibility. The authors demonstrate that the composite hydrogel film has obvious color variation and electromechanical properties during the stretching and bending process, which could thus be utilized as a multi‐signal response electronic skin to realize real‐time color sensing and electrical response during human motions. These features indicate that the proposed composite structural color hydrogel film can widen the practical value of bionic electronic skins.
Vicinal Trifluoromethylthioamination of Alkenes with Trifluoromethanesulfenamides
Authors: Kesavan Arunachalam , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA general and efficient vicinal trifluoromethylthioamination of alkenes has been accomplished at room temperature in the presence of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 using trifluoromethanesulfenamides. Diversely substituted trifluoromethylthiolated amine derivatives were achieved in good yields in a single step. Importantly, trifluoromethanesulfenamides play dual role as ‘SCF3’ and amine source, which allows high atom‐efficient approach to access 1‐trifluoromethylthio‐2‐aminoalkane derivatives.
Diafiltration of Highly Concentrated Suspensions with Fine Particles by Dynamic Disk Filtration
Authors: Goldnik Denis , Lösch Philipp , Ripperger Siegfried , Nikolaus Kai , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA method for washing highly concentrated suspensions with fine particles by using a filter with overlapping disks was studied. For the experiments, alumina and titanium dioxide suspensions were used. It was demonstrated that the used suspensions have non‐Newtonian behavior. The viscosity is influenced by the type of particle system, the solid concentration, and the shear rate. The washing process is operated in a discontinuous and a continuous way. The rotation of the disks and the shear flow across their surface prevents the formation of a filter cake and facilitates the handling of suspensions. The shear stresses at the filter disk and the rheology of the processed suspensions are both influenced by the type of particle system, the solid concentration, and the process parameters.
CO2 gasification kinetics of Shenhua bituminous coal by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinzhi , Wang Zhiqi , Zhao Ruidong , Wu Jinhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGasification kinetic analysis of three Shenhua bituminous coal samples with various particle size ranges were carried out at three different temperatures (1000, 950, and 900°C) for 30 min using the gasifying agent of CO2 with the flow rate of 40 ml min−1. The average particle sizes for sample A, sample B, and sample C were 43.4, 168, and 293 μm, respectively. Experimental results indicated that there were differences among the weight loss curves of three coal samples with different particle sizes. Furthermore, the differences became larger with the decrease of temperatures. Among the 11 used reaction mechanisms, two‐dimensional growth of nuclei following the Avrami‐Erofeev equation (A2) was proved to be the most appropriate one to fit the gasification data of Shenhua bituminous coal samples, as it can reconstruct gasification curves with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.95). The calculated values of apparent activation energy (E) for sample A, sample B, and sample C were 95.9, 79.1, and 69.4 kJ mol−1, respectively. It was also found that the particle size had significant influence on kinetic data. The apparent activation energy decreased when there was an increase of the particle size. The compensation relationship of E and A (apparent pre‐exponential factor) was noted, and the fitted mathematic formula was lnA = 0.1041 E+0.540 28 (R2 = 0.999).
Changes in breast cancer screening rates among 32 community health centers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Cotter Megan M. , Wehling Kristen A. , Wysocki Karla , Killewald Richard , Makaroff Laura 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer screening utilization steeply dropped at the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, the effects on breast cancer screening in lower income populations are unknown. This study examined changes in breast cancer screening rates (BCSRs) during the pandemic among 32 community health centers (CHCs) that provided health care to lower income populations.MethodsSecondary data from 32 CHCs participating in an American Cancer Society grant program to increase breast cancer screening services were used. BCSRs were defined as the percentage of women aged 50 to 74 years who had a medical visit in the past 12 months (142,207 in 2018, 142,003 in 2019, and 150,630 in 2020) and received a screening mammogram within the last 27 months. BCSRs in July 2020, July 2019, and June 2018 were compared with screening rate ratios (SRRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsBCSRs significantly rose by 18% between 2018 and 2019 (from 45.8% to 53.9%; SRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.18) and then declined by 8% between 2019 and 2020 (from 53.9% to 49.6%; SRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.92‐0.93). If the 2018‐2019 BCSR trends had continued through 2020, 63.3% of women would have been screened in 2020 in contrast to the 49.6% who were; this potentially translated into 47,517 fewer mammograms and 242 missed breast cancer diagnoses in this population.ConclusionsIn this study of 32 CHCs, BCSRs declined by 8% from July 2019 to 2020, and this reversed an 18% improvement between July 2018 and 2019. Declining BCSRs among CHCs during the COVID‐19 pandemic call for policies to support and resources to identify women in need of screening.
Improving dynamic efficiency of photovoltaic generation systems using adaptive type 2 fuzzy‐neural network via EN 50530 test procedure
Authors: Gani Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, photovoltaic generation systems (PGSs) have been fairly popular thanks to the methods proposed for the improvement of the dynamic efficiency. For a more accurate evaluation of the actual dynamic performance in PGSs, a dynamic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency test based upon an international test procedure such as the European Procedure EN 50530 is of vital importance. The varying gradient irradiance profile in EN 50530 test procedure causes uncertainties in PGSs, which lead to unstable operating conditions for PGSs. It is a challenging task to provide stable operation for PGSs. To overcome this problem, an effective MPPT method based upon adaptive type 2 fuzzy‐neural network (AT2FNN) is proposed using EN 50530 test procedure specifically designed for the dynamic performance of PGSs. The dynamic efficiency performance of the proposed method is analyzed using comparative simulation studies with conventional MPPT methods such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC) in Matlab/Simulink environment. The average dynamic efficiency of PGSs is used as performance criteria in the present study. The numerical results obtained from comparative simulation studies indicated that the proposed method improved average dynamic efficiency by almost 4.3% and 9.2% compared to IC and P&O MPPT methods, respectively. The average dynamic efficiency performance of PGS was considerably improved by the proposed method.
Cyclopentadienylidene‐ and Fluoren‐9‐ylidene‐methane‐1,1‐dithiolato Metalates of Tin, Indium and Bismuth
Authors: Vollgraff Tobias , Michel Nick , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuaternary ammonium and phosphonium stannates(II), indates(III) and bismuthates(III) displaying dianionic S,S dithiolate chelate ligands [CpCS2]2− and [FluoCS2]2− (Cp=C5H4, Fluo=C13H8) are described. With Sn(II) as central template ion, homoleptic metalates Cat2[Sn(CpCS2)2], with In(III) and Bi(III), highly charged Cat3[In(CpCS2)3] and Cat3[Bi(CpCS2)3] were obtained. A complementary series was characterized for fluoren‐9‐ylidene‐derived metalates Cat2[(FluoCS2)2Sn], Cat3[(FluoCS2)3In] and Cat3[Bi(FluoCS2)3]. Heteroleptic indate(III) NBu4[CpCS2InMe2] (3‐NBu4) and homoleptic [PPh4]3[In(CpCS2)3] (6‐PPh4) as well as stannates(II) [PPh4]2[Sn(CpCS2)2] (5‐PPh4) and [NBu4]2[Sn(FluoCS2)2] (9‐NBu4) were XRD structurally characterized. Reaction of electron‐rich ligand Na2(FluoCS2) with SnCl4 did not lead to an expected stannate(IV) but to a redox reaction and metal free 3,5‐di(9H‐fluorene‐9‐ylidene)‐1,2,4‐trithiolane (12), which was characterized by XRD analysis. The title compounds are related to much better investigated dithiocarbamato(2‐) complexes, well‐established precursors for thermal metal sulfide depositions. In this respect, an explorative DSC‐TGA measurement following the thermal decay of [PPh4]3[(CpCS2)3In] (6‐PPh4) revealed the formation of β‐In2S3 at relatively high temperatures, proven by PXRD.
Fatty acid and oxylipin concentration differ markedly between different fetal bovine serums: A cautionary note
Authors: Koch Elisabeth , Hopmann Carolin , Fröhlich Laura‐Fabienne , Schebb Nils Helge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used as a universal supplement in cell culture for more than six decades. This includes the investigation of lipid and lipid mediator formation and biology. Little is known about the (polyunsaturated) fatty acid composition and their oxidation products in FBS. Therefore, we analyzed six different FBS purchased from three different companies regarding their fatty acid and oxylipin concentrations. We found pronounced differences in the fatty acid concentrations. Even two batches of “standardized” FBS batches from one company showed drastic differences (e.g., for eicosapentaenoic acid 5 ± 1 μM vs. 11 ± 1 μM). Oxylipin concentrations also markedly differ between the FBS lots. The highest differences were found for 12‐lipoxygenase products (e.g., 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid free 21–87 nM and total 58–108 nM), probably due to inconsistent serum generation procedures. Our results indicate that for cell culture studies dealing with lipid metabolism, researchers should carefully characterize their used FBS to ensure reliability and reproducibility of study outcomes.
Exploring the effectiveness of a patient‐tailored integrative oncology program on emotional distress during chemotherapy for localized cancer
Authors: Ben‐Arye Eran , Elly Maya , Gressel Orit , Reshef Alon , Shani MD Michal , Stein Nili , Saliba Walid , Samuels Noah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudy objectiveThere is a need to explore how patient‐tailored integrative oncology (IO) programs reduce emotional distress. This study set out to bridge the IO research gap between non‐specific, quality of life‐related and specific emotional‐related concerns in chemotherapy‐treated patients.MethodsThis pragmatic, prospective and preference‐controlled study examined patients attending an integrative‐physician consultation and weekly IO treatments during adjuvant/neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy for localized cancer. Patients choosing to attend ≥4 IO sessions (highly adherent to integrative care, AIC) were compared to low AIC patients using the ESAS (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale) anxiety, depression and sleep; and the EORTC QLQ‐C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire) emotional functioning scale, at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Emotional distress was assessed by ESAS anxiety and depression, considered as the primary study outcomes.ResultsOf 439 participants, 260 (59%) were high‐AIC and 179 low‐AIC, both with similar baseline demographic and cancer‐related characteristics. At 6 weeks, high‐AIC patients reported greater improvement on ESAS sleep (p = 0.044); within‐group improvement on ESAS anxiety and; and EORTC emotional functioning. Compared with low‐AIC, high‐AIC patients showed greater improvement on ESAS depression (p = 0.022) and sleep (p = 0.015) in those with high baseline ESAS anxiety scores (≥7); and ESAS anxiety (p = 0.049) for patients moderately anxious (4–6) at baseline.ConclusionsHigh‐AIC was associated with significantly reduced anxiety, depression and sleep severity at 6 weeks, especially those with high‐to‐moderate baseline anxiety levels. These findings reduce the research gap, suggesting specific emotional‐related effects of IO.
Nakatsuji's theorem of the necessary and sufficient conditions of the wave function revisited
Authors: Sørensen Lasse K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe will here revisit Nakatsuji's theorem of the necessary and sufficient conditions of the wave function and reinterpret these conditions in the new light of our findings. It will here be shown that the equations for the necessary and sufficient conditions are not independent and that these equations can be reduced to a single equation. This observation reduces the number of conditions for the wave function for the electronic Hamiltonian to , where is the number of basis functions, which coincide with the number of parameters in the two‐particle reduced density matrix. Since only the highest order electron interaction term determines the necessary and sufficient conditions Nakatsuji's theorem can in this way be interpreted as a generalized Brillouin theorem. In this way the stationary conditions for the wave function of Hamiltonians with any n‐body interaction takes a similar form. It is hoped that this new interpretation of the necessary and sufficient conditions as a generalized Brillouin theorem can give insights into the development of novel and compact representations of the wave function.
Graphene/β‐cyclodextrin Membrane: Synthesis and Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Brominated Flame Retardants
Authors: Cong Qiao , Ren Miao , Zhang Tingting , Cheng Fangyuan , Qu Jiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) have attracted considerable attention due to their environmental persistence and potentially high environmental risk. Therefore, the development of an efficient method for the removal of BFRs is urgently needed. In this work, a photoelectrocatalytic method based on a graphene (GR)/β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) membrane was developed to degrade BFRs (including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and 1,2,5,6,9,10‐hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)). The obtained GR/β‐CD membrane has high efficiency for photoelectrocatalytic degradation and excellent chemical stability. Under optimum conditions, the photoelectrocatalytic degradation efficiencies of TBBPA was 99.2 % within 120 min, and HBCD was 90.7 % within 180 min. And superoxide radical was essential for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of both TBBPA and HBCD. Toxicity assessments for the possible degradation pathways was a decreasing trend, which indicated that potential risks for aquatic organisms were reduced. Briefly, this work provides a strategy to construct a GR‐based photoelectrocatalyst and paves the pathway for practical applications. The work demonstrated here offers a new‐sight for designing and constructing efficient photoelectrocatalyst for environment‐related applications.
A Bithiophene‐based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Sensing Cd2+
Authors: Lee Su Chan , Lee Minji , Suh Boeon , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Cheal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel bithiophene‐naphthalene based ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor SS ((2E,2′E)‐2,2′‐([2,2′‐bithiophene]‐5,5′‐diylbis(methanylylidene)) bis(N‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl) hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide)) for detecting Cd2+ was prepared. SS can detect Cd2+ by a ratiometric fluorescent response with red‐shifted emission from 500 to 540 nm. The binding ratio of SS and Cd2+ was determined to be a 1 : 1 stoichiometry via Job plot. The detection limit was found to be 4.41 μM. The association constant (K) was calculated as 3.00×102 M−1. Sensor SS was successfully applied in real water samples and fluorescent test kits for analysis of Cd2+. The sensing process of SS towards Cd2+ was illustrated by fluorescent, UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS (electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry), FT‐IR (Fourier transform‐Infrared spectroscopy) and calculations.
Chemical characterization of the Bicchari ash pond and its impact around the Renusagar Thermal Power Plant, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pandey Hemant Kumar , Kumar Suraj , Mondal Nepal Chandra , Rawal Nekram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Renusagar thermal power plant is one of the most important power plants supplying electricity to the entire Hindalco Industry in Northern India. This plant causes soil and groundwater contamination due to the disposal of its fly ash in the Bicchari ash pond. An attempt has been made to characterize the ash pond and to study soil and groundwater contamination adjacent to the fly ash pond. In total, 11 groundwater samples and four samples each for the ash pond and soil were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the pond on nearby soil and groundwater. Results show that the pond ash is a heterogeneous mixture of magnetic and nonmagnetic (such as mullite and quartz) compounds. Scanning electron microscopy of the pond ash reveals that most of the minerals present are spheroidal in shape, and a smaller size indicates the presence of silica. X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the soils reveals that in most of the samples zircoline has a relatively higher concentration, whereas silica is the major part of SiO2. Most groundwater samples are acidic, with an average pH of 6.73, which decreases the leaching of heavy metals. The concentration of Ca, Mn, and Fe is relatively high.
Molecular identification of Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and Rickettsia in adult ticks from North of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wen Xiuxiu , Xiao Peipei , Fan Xinli , Li Min , Chahan Bayin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTicks in Xinjiang distribute widely and account for one third of China. Ticks can carry and transmit bacteria, virus, and parasite. However, the research of tick‐borne pathogens in Xinjiang is rather little.ObjectiveTo understand the situation of hard tick carry Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Rickettsia spp. of Zhaosu and Altay in Xinjiang.MethodsIn this study, 119 tick samples were obtained from horses in Xinjiang, China, Ticks were identified morphologically to determine species and PCR was used to investigate the situation of pathogens by hard ticks.ResultsOne hundred and seven belong to Dermacentor marginatus, five belong to D. niveus, and seven belong to D. silvarum. Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were detected in one tick and 18 ticks, respectively. However, the carrying rate of Rickettsia spp. was 51.26% (61/119). Among these, the mixed carriage rate of T. equi and Rickettsia spp. was 0.8% (1/119). The mixed carriage rate of B. caballi and Rickettsia spp. was 10.1% (12/119).ConclusionOur results revealed that hard tick can carry not only haeimoparasite but also many important zoonotic pathogens in Xinjiang, and this situation was worth heeding.
Endangering the integrity of science by misusing unvalidated models and untested assumptions as facts: General considerations and the mineral and phosphorus scarcity fallacy
Authors: Scholz Roland W. , Wellmer Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is increasing demand for science to contribute to solving societal problems (solutionism). Thereby, scientists may become normative activists for solving certain problems (advocacy). When doing this, they may insufficiently differentiate between scientific and political modes of reasoning and validation (de-differentiationism), which is sometimes linked to questionable forms of utilizing the force of facts (German: Faktengewalt). Scientific findings are simplified and communicated in such a way that they acquire a status as unfalsifiable and absolutely true (truth to power). This becomes critical if the consistency and validation of the findings are questionable and scientific models underlying science activists’ actions are doubtful, oversimplified, or incorrect. Herein, we exemplarily elaborate how the integrity of science is endangered by normative solutionist and sociopolitically driven transition management and present mineral scarcity claims that ignore that reserves or resources are dynamic geotechnological-socioeconomic entities. We present the main mineral scarcity models and their fallacious assumptions. We then discuss the phosphorus scarcity fallacy, which is of particular interest as phosphorus is non-substitutable and half of all current food production depends on fertilizers (and thus phosphorus). We show that phosphorus scarcity claims are based on integrating basic geoeconomic knowledge and discuss cognitive and epistemological barriers and motivational and sociopolitical drivers promoting the scarcity fallacy, which affects high-level public media. This may induce unsustainable environmental action. Scientists as honest knowledge brokers should communicate the strengths but also the constraints and limits of scientific modeling and of applying it in reality.