bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiation of plant defense by bacterial outer membrane vesicles is mediated by membrane nanodomains
Authors: Tran Tuan Minh , Chng Choon-Peng , Pu Xiaoming , Ma Zhiming , Han Xiao , Liu Xiaolin , Yang Liang , Huang Changjin , Miao Yansong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and modulate host immunity during host–pathogen interactions. The mechanisms by which OMVs are perceived by plants and affect host immunity are unclear. Here, we used the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris to demonstrate that OMV–plant interactions at the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane (PM) modulate various host processes, including endocytosis, innate immune responses, and suppression of pathogenesis by phytobacteria. The lipid phase of OMVs is highly ordered and OMVs directly insert into the Arabidopsis PM, thereby enhancing the plant PM’s lipid order; this also resulted in strengthened plant defenses. Strikingly, the integration of OMVs into the plant PM is host nanodomain- and remorin-dependent. Using coarse-grained simulations of molecular dynamics, we demonstrated that OMV integration into the plant PM depends on the membrane lipid order. Our computational simulations further showed that the saturation level of the OMV lipids could fine-tune the enhancement of host lipid order. Our work unraveled the mechanisms underlying the ability of OMVs produced by a plant pathogen to insert into the host PM, alter host membrane properties, and modulate plant immune responses.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Pain Sensitivity and Unpleasantness in People with Vascular Dementia
Authors: Beach Paul A , Humbel Angela , Dietrich Mary S , Bruehl Stephen , Cowan Ronald L , Moss Karen O , Monroe Todd B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Advanced age is associated with a higher risk of both pain and dementia, with many studies finding that dementia often heightens sensitivity to pain. Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. Only a few observational or retrospective studies have examined pain responsiveness in VaD, suggesting that it could increase pain unpleasantness (i.e., pain affect). This study compared thermal pain psychophysics between a cohort of patients with VaD and healthy control (HC) subjects.

Design
Single-center, cross-sectional, between-subjects design.

Subjects
Verbally communicative patients with probable VaD (n = 23) and age- and sex-matched HCs (n = 23).

Methods
A thermal psychophysics protocol assessed “mild pain” and “moderate pain” thresholds (temperature in degrees Celsius) and associated unpleasantness ratings (0–20 scale) in both the VaD and HC groups. Psychophysics were compared between groups by way of a mixed-effects analysis, controlling for depressive symptoms.

Results
There were no significant differences between groups for pain thresholds (main effect P = 0.086, Cohen’s d: mild = 0.55, moderate = 0.27). However, unpleasantness ratings were higher in the VaD group than in the HC group (main effect P = 0.003; mild pain P = 0.022, Cohen’s d = 0.79; moderate pain P = 0.057, Cohen’s d = 0.6).

Conclusions
These results are consistent with prior observational findings suggesting that VaD could make patients more susceptible to pain, particularly its affective component.
Knowledge Out of Control
Authors: Valaris Markos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
According to a thesis famously associated with Anscombe'sIntention, knowledge is a necessary condition of intentional action: when acting intentionally, we know what we are doing. Call this the Agential Knowledge thesis. The Agential Knowledge thesis remains, of course, controversial. Furthermore, as even some of its proponents acknowledge, it can appear puzzling: Why should acting intentionally require knowing what you are doing? My aim in this paper is to propose an explanation and defence of the Agential Knowledge thesis, based on the idea that acting intentionally is exercising control, in a relevant sense. My argument rests on two things: first, articulating a modal conception of the relevant sense of control, and, secondly, arguing that agential knowledge is distinctively practical (in a sense I explain). As I explain, the truth of the Agential Knowledge thesis opens promising paths for future work in the philosophy of action.
Spirituality of hopeful risk-taking (Bahala na) among Filipino healthcare workers
Authors: Tingson Jed Martin , Brazal Agnes M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Mental health problems are prevalent among medical frontliners, as demonstrated in the study by Ghaleb et al. in the case of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. As mental health can be strengthened by spirituality, this study probed into the spirituality of bahala na of overseas Filipino health care workers.

Methodology
A phenomenological research was conducted that includes an interview of 17 Filipino Catholic migrant nurses in five countries, on the situations when they find themselves exclaiming “bahala na” in their work as frontliners, and what this means for them.

Results
Affirming the notion of bahala na as an expression of hopeful risk-taking, the study showed that the nurses usually exclaim bahala na when they have done everything in their power in a given situation and they are now leaving the rest to God. The spirituality of bahala na helped the nurses face the stresses brought about by the pandemic, and when tapped, can further aid them in fighting against institutional racism to promote health equity in the medical community.
Early-death weeks associated with COVID-19: a comparison among France, the UK and the USA
Authors: Cuong Vu Manh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundYears of life lost (YLL) is recently used as a more insightful indicator to assess the mortality impact of COVID-19. However, this indicator still has methodological limits. This study aims to propose an alternative approach and new index, early-death weeks.MethodsThe natural mortality and social mortality laws were employed to support two essential assumptions: the sequential and translational early-mortality patterns of COVID-19. This approach was then used with the data related to COVID-19 to calculate early-death weeks associated with COVID-19 in France, the UK and the USA.ResultsAs of week 20 of 2021, the rate of the total number of early-death weeks per the population of the USA is nearly two times compared to that of France and the UK, with 0.004% to 0.0021 and 0.0023%, respectively. The average numbers of early-death weeks after converting to units of years are 1.2, 1.0 and 1.3 years in France, the UK and the USA, respectively.ConclusionsThe new approach is significantly different from death counts, excess deaths and YLL. The early-death week index provides more insights into COVID-19 and can be applied promptly at any time as well as anywhere once excess deaths have occurred.
Advanced biomedical hydrogels: molecular architecture and its impact on medical applications
Authors: Peters Jonathan T , Wechsler Marissa E , Peppas Nicholas A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogels are cross-linked polymeric networks swollen in water, physiological aqueous solutions or biological fluids. They are synthesized by a wide range of polymerization methods that allow for the introduction of linear and branched units with specific molecular characteristics. In addition, they can be tuned to exhibit desirable chemical characteristics including hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. The synthesized hydrogels can be anionic, cationic, or amphiphilic and can contain multifunctional cross-links, junctions or tie points. Beyond these characteristics, hydrogels exhibit compatibility with biological systems, and can be synthesized to render systems that swell or collapse in response to external stimuli. This versatility and compatibility have led to better understanding of how the hydrogel’s molecular architecture will affect their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. We present a critical summary of the main methods to synthesize hydrogels, which define their architecture, and advanced structural characteristics for macromolecular/biological applications.
18F-FDG PET-CT in rheumatoid arthritis patients tapering TNFi: reliability, validity and predictive value
Authors: Bouman Chantal A M , van Herwaarden Noortje , Blanken Annelies B , Van der Laken Conny J , Gotthardt Martin , Oyen Wim J G , den Broeder Alfons A , van der Maas Aatke , van den Ende Cornelia H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the reliability and validity of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET-CT scanning (FDG-PET) in RA patients with low disease activity tapering TNF inhibitors (TNFis) and its predictive value for successful tapering or discontinuation.MethodsPatients in the tapering arm of the Dose REduction Strategies of Subcutaneous TNFi study, a randomized controlled trial of TNFi tapering in RA, underwent FDG-PET before tapering (baseline) and after maximal tapering. A total of 48 joints per scan were scored both visually [FDG-avid joint (FAJ), yes/no] and quantitatively [maximal and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean)]. Interobserver agreement was calculated in 10 patients at baseline. Quantitative and visual FDG-PET scores were investigated for (multilevel) association with clinical parameters both on a joint and patient level and for the predictive value at baseline and the change between baseline and maximal tapering (Δ) for successful tapering and discontinuation at 18 months.ResultsA total of 79 patients underwent FDG-PET. For performance of identification of FAJs on PET, Cohen’s κ was 0.49 (range 0.35–0.63). For SUVmax and SUVmean, intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.80 (range 0.77–0.83) and 0.96 (0.9–1.0), respectively. On a joint level, swelling was significantly associated with SUVmax and SUVmean [B coefficients 1.0 (95% CI 0.73, 1.35) and 0.2 (0.08, 0.32), respectively]. On a patient level, only correlation with acute phase reactants was found. FDG-PET scores were not predictive of successful tapering or discontinuation.ConclusionsQuantitative FDG-PET arthritis scoring in RA patients with low disease activity is reliable and has some construct validity. However, no predictive values were found for FDG-PET parameters for successful tapering and/or discontinuation of TNFi.
Independent epidemic patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE lineages driven by mobile population in Shenzhen, an immigrant city of China
Authors: An Minghui , Zheng Chenli , Li Hao , Chen Lin , Yang Zhengrong , Gan Yongxia , Han Xiaoxu , Zhao Jin , Shang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shenzhen, a city with &gt;12 million migrant population, may play a key role in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in China. The transmission dynamics of CRF01_AE, a predominant subtype in Shenzhen, is a good model to characterize the impact of human mobility on HIV-1 epidemic locally and nationally. We used phylodynamic and phylogeographic methods to estimate the viral transmission dynamics and migration trajectory of variable lineages based on 1,423 CRF01_AE sequences in Shenzhen sampled between 2006 and 2015. Eleven lineages of CRF01_AE were detected in Shenzhen. Of those, four main lineages originated during the 1990s. Their basic viral reproduction number (R0) ranged 1.96–3.92. The effective viral reproduction number (Re) of two lineages prevalent among heterosexuals/people who inject drugs had reduced &lt;1 at the end of sampling, and the main sources were the intra-provincial immigrants (72 per cent) for one and local residents of Shenzhen (91 per cent) for another. Within two lineages among men who have sex with men (MSM), Re had been above or close to 1 at the end of sampling, and the immigrants from Jiangxi/Shaanxi and Hubei as sources accounted for 93 per cent and 68 per cent of all viral migration events, respectively. Moreover, no obvious recipients were found throughout the viral migration history for any lineage. Our findings demonstrate that HIV epidemic is declining in Shenzhen, which coincided with the initiation of the interventions during the 2000s. However, the obvious differences of the epidemic patterns between lineages emphasize the importance of further targeting interventions and continued molecular tracing, focusing on high-risk transmission sources among MSM.
The Effect of Chaplain Patient Navigators and Multidisciplinary Family Meetings on Patient Outcomes in the ICU: The Critical Care Collaboration and Communication Project
Authors: Alghanim Fahid , Furqan Muhammad , Prichett Laura , Landon Jondavid , Tao Xueting , Selvam Pooja , Leslie Myles , Hartman-Shea Katherine , Teague Paula , Scott Wayman , Kraeuter Susan , Hicks Heather , Jain Sneha , York Sarah , Blanding Renee , Zakaria Sammy 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the effectiveness of a chaplain patient navigator in improving outcomes and reducing costs in the ICU setting.

DESIGN:
A randomized controlled trial at a large, urban, academic community hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.

SETTING/PATIENTS:
All patients admitted to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Cardiac and Medical ICUs between March 2015 and December 2015.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients in the intervention group were assigned a chaplain patient navigator to facilitate communication, offer support, and setup multidisciplinary family meetings.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcomes were hospital and ICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes included total and ICU charges, 60- and 90-day readmission rates, and the number of palliative care consults. For all outcomes, patients were included in the intention-to-treat analyses only if they remained in the ICU greater than 24 hours. In total, 1,174 were randomly assigned to “usual care” (n = 573) or to the intervention (n = 601). In the intervention group, 44.8% (269/601) had meetings within 24 hours of admission and, of those patients, 32.8% (88/268) took part in the larger multidisciplinary family meeting 2–3 days later. The intervention group had longer mean adjusted hospital length of stay (7.78 vs 8.63 d; p ≤ 0.001) and mean ICU length of stay (3.65 vs 3.87 d; p = 0.029). In addition, they had greater total and ICU charges. There were no differences in other outcomes. Of note, only differences in total and ICU charges remained when controlling for case-mix index, which were greater in the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the chaplain patient navigator anecdotally enhanced communication, our study found an increase in hospital and ICU length of stay as well as cost. Since other studies have shown benefits in some clinical outcomes, projects focused on patient navigators may learn lessons from our study in order to better prioritize family meetings, gather indicators of communication quality, and identify the optimal patient navigator operational context.
Efficacy of Care and Antibiotic Use for Chalazia and Hordeola
Authors: Alsoudi Amer F. , Ton Lauren , Ashraf Davin C. , Idowu Oluwatobi O. , Kong Alan W. , Wang Linyan , Kersten Robert C. , Winn Bryan J. , Grob Seanna R. , Vagefi M. Reza 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate whether use of an antibiotic improves the efficacy of care for a chalazion or hordeolum.

Methods:
A cross-sectional retrospective review was performed. All patients treated for a newly diagnosed chalazion or hordeolum at the University of California, San Francisco from 2012 to 2018 were identified. Patients were excluded when clinical notes were inaccessible or there was inadequate documentation of treatment modality or outcome. Patient demographics, setting of initial presentation, treatment modalities, antibiotic use, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 2,712 patients met inclusion criteria. Management with an antibiotic was observed in 36.5% of patients. An antibiotic was 1.53 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.22, P=0.025) more likely to be prescribed in emergency or acute care setting for a chalazion. Older age was associated with a higher risk of receiving an antibiotic for a hordeolum (adjusted RR 1.07 per decade, 95% CI, 1.05–1.11, P<0.001). The addition of an antibiotic to conservative measures for a chalazion (adjusted RR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.89–1.04, P=0.393) or hordeolum (adjusted RR, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.96–1.02, P=0.489) was not associated with an increased likelihood of treatment success.

Conclusion:
Although frequently prescribed, an antibiotic is unlikely to improve the resolution of a chalazion or hordeolum.
Congenital Conjunctival Cysts of the Orbit
Authors: Wilde Caroline , Vahdani Kaveh , Thaung Caroline , Rose Geoffrey E. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical presentation, anatomical location, and histological features of congenital conjunctival cysts of the orbit. The location and the histological features of inflammation in these patients were compared with those for 293 orbital dermoid cysts.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective review of the clinical details, imaging, and histopathology for patients who had excision of conjunctival cysts from their orbit between 1992 and 2020; patients with a history of trauma or surgery were omitted.

Results:
Twelve patients (7 male; 58%) with congenital conjunctival cysts were identified, the patients presenting at an average age of 16 years (median 26; range 1–61) with a symptoms for a mean duration of 20 months (median 24; range 6–36). The commonest symptoms were peribulbar lump (6/12 patients; 50%), and eyelid swelling and blepharoptosis (6/12 patients; 50%). An orbitaxl mass was palpable in 10 patients (83%), 3 patients (25%) had mild proptosis (1–3 mm), and the cysts were most commonly located superiorly (6/12 patients; 50%) or superonasally (3/12; 25%) in the anterior half of the orbit. Imaging was performed in 7 cases, this showing an intimate relation to the common sheath of the superior rectus/levator complex in 3 patients (25%) and to the trochlea in 1 (8%). All cysts were excised completely, and no patient had postoperative complications or recurrence. Chronic mild and nonspecific inflammation was evident within the cyst wall in 7 cases (54%), but—unlike 55% of the 293 dermoid cysts—none showed granuloma formation.

Conclusion:
Congenital conjunctival cysts are rare and usually present with a palpable mass in the upper eyelid sulcus. A significant proportion of these cysts have an intimate relationship with the trochlea, or the superior rectus, levator palpebrae or superior oblique muscles and, to minimize the risk of postoperative diplopia or ptosis, particular care must be exercised during surgery.
Association Between Timing of Sexual Initiation and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: YEO Jung Hee , KIM Eun-Young , KIM Miyong T. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The age of adolescents' sexual initiation is decreasing worldwide. Early sexual initiation has been reported to affect social, physical, and mental health, but little is known about the relationship between the timing of sexual initiation and suicidal ideation.

Purpose
This study was designed to identify the association between the timing of sexual initiation and suicidal ideation by gender.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from South Korea's Youth Health Behavior Online Survey for 2016. Data on first- to 12th-grade students (N = 10,810) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and hierarchical logistic regression.

Results
The results revealed a significant relationship between early sexual initiation and suicidal ideation among both boys and girls. This relationship remained significant after controlling for confounding variables that are known to affect suicidal ideation, including perceived stress, hopelessness, school grades, and sociodemographic characteristics. The risk of suicidal ideation was higher among students who first experienced sex in earlier grades (before the ninth grade) and was also higher in girls than in boys.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
Health providers should be aware of the potentially higher risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents after early sexual initiation. Given the extreme sensitivity and vulnerability of this target population, a multidisciplinary school- or community-based intervention program to promote the mental health of affected individuals and the general student population is warranted.
Preserved central nervous system functioning after use of romidepsin as a latency-reversing agent in an HIV cure strategy
Authors: Muñoz-Moreno Jose A. , Carrillo-Molina Sara , Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio , Miranda Cristina , Manzardo Christian , Coll Pep , Meulbroek Michael , Hanke Tomáš , Garolera Maite , Miró Josep M. , Brander Christian , Clotet Bonaventura , Soriano-Mas Carles , Moltó José , Mothe Beatriz 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To assess the central nervous system (CNS) impact of a kick&kill HIV cure strategy using therapeutic vaccine MVA.HIVconsv and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) romidepsin (RMD) as latency-reversing agent.

Design:
Neurological observational substudy of the BCN02 trial (NCT02616874), a proof-of-concept, open-label, single-arm, phase I clinical trial testing the safety and immunogenicity of the MVA.HIVconsv vaccine and RMD in early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals. A monitored antiretroviral pause (MAP) was performed, with cART resumption after 2 pVL more than 2000 copies/ml. Reinitiated participants were followed for 24 weeks.

Methods:
Substudy participation was offered to all BCN02 participants (N = 15). Evaluations covered cognitive, functional, and brain imaging outcomes, performed before RMD administration (pre-RMD), after three RMD infusions (post-RMD), and at the end of the study (EoS). A group of early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals with matched clinical characteristics was additionally recruited (n = 10). Primary endpoint was change in a global cognitive score (NPZ-6).

Results:
Eleven participants from BCN02 trial were enrolled. No significant changes were observed in cognitive, functional, or brain imaging outcomes from pre-RMD to post-RMD. No relevant alterations were detected from pre-RMD to EoS either. Scores at EoS were similar in participants off cART for 32 weeks (n = 3) and those who resumed therapy for 24 weeks (n = 7). Controls showed comparable punctuations in NPZ-6 across all timepoints.

Conclusion:
No detrimental effects on cognitive status, functional outcomes, or brain imaging parameters were observed after using the HDACi RMD as latency-reversing agent with the MVA.HIVconsv vaccine in early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals. CNS safety was also confirmed after completion of the MAP.
CTKG: A Knowledge Graph for Clinical Trials
Authors: Chen Ziqi , Peng Bo , Ioannidis Vassilis N. , Li Mufei , Karypis George , Ning Xia 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTEffective and successful clinical trials are essential in developing new drugs and advancing new treatments. However, clinical trials are very expensive and easy to fail. The high cost and low success rate of clinical trials motivate research on inferring knowledge from existing clinical trials in innovative ways for designing future clinical trials. In this manuscript, we present our efforts on constructing the first publicly available Clinical Trials Knowledge Graph, denoted asCTKG.CTKGincludes nodes representing medical entities in clinical trials (e.g., studies, drugs and conditions), and edges representing the relations among these entities (e.g., drugs used in studies). Our embedding analysis demonstrates the potential utilities ofCTKGin various applications such as drug repurposing and similarity search, among others.