bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve in D‐Loop Transposition of the Great Arteries: Outcomes of the Neo‐Aortic Valve Function and Root Dilation After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Irwin Margaret , Binney Geoffrey , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Emani Sitaram , Blume Elizabeth D. , Brown David W. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Neo‐aortic root dilation and neo‐aortic regurgitation (AR) are common after arterial switch operation for D‐loop transposition of the great arteries. We sought to evaluate these outcomes in patients with bicuspid native pulmonary valve (BNPV).

Methods and Results

A retrospective analysis of patients with transposition of the great arteries undergoing arterial switch operation at Boston Children's Hospital from 1989 to 2018 matched BNPV patients 1:3 with patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve by year of arterial switch operation. Kaplan–Meier analyses with log‐rank test compared groups for time to first neo‐aortic valve reoperation, occurrence of ≥moderate AR, and neo‐aortic root dilation (root
z
score ≥4). A total of 83 patients with BNPV were matched with 217 patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve. Patients with BNPV more often had ventricular septal defects (73% versus 43%;
P
<0.001). Hospital length of stay (11 versus 10 days) and 30‐day surgical mortality (3.6% versus 2.8%) were similar. During median 11 years follow‐up, neo‐aortic valve reoperation occurred in 4 patients with BNPV (6.0%) versus 6 patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve (2.8%), with no significant difference in time to reoperation. More BNPV had AR at discharge (4.9% versus 0%;
P
=0.014) and during follow‐up (13.4% versus 4.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 3.9;
P
=0.004), with shorter time to first occurrence of AR; this remained significant after adjusting for ventricular septal defects. Similarly, neo‐aortic root dilation was more common in BNPV (45% versus 38%; HR, 1.64;
P
=0.026) with shorter time to first occurrence.

Conclusions
While patients with BNPV have similar short‐term arterial switch operation outcomes, AR and neo‐aortic root dilation occur more frequently and earlier compared with patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve. Further long‐term studies are needed to determine whether this results in greater need for neo‐aortic valve reoperation.
Maternal Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension Sensitizes Postweaning High‐Fat Diet–Elicited Hypertensive Response Through Increased Brain Reactivity in Rat Offspring
Authors: Xue Baojian , Yu Yang , Beltz Terry G. , Guo Fang , Felder Robert B. , Wei Shun‐Guang , Kim Johnson Alan 
Published: September 2021

Background
Prenatal and postnatal insults can induce a physiological state that leaves offspring later in life vulnerable to subsequent challenges (stressors) eliciting cardiometabolic diseases including hypertension. In this study, we investigated whether maternal angiotensin II–induced hypertension in rats sensitizes postweaning high‐fat diet (HFD)‐elicited hypertensive response and whether this is associated with autonomic dysfunction and altered central mechanisms controlling sympathetic tone in offspring.

Methods and Results
When eating a low‐lard‐fat diet, basal mean arterial pressure of male offspring of normotensive or hypertensive dams were comparable. However, HFD feeding significantly increased mean arterial pressure in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive dams, but the elevated mean arterial pressure induced by HFD was greater in offspring of hypertensive dams, which was accompanied by greater sympathetic tone and enhanced pressor responses to centrally administrated angiotensin II or leptin. HFD feeding also produced comparable elevations in cardiac sympathetic activity and plasma levels of angiotensin II, interleukin‐6, and leptin in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive dams. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses in key forebrain regions implicated in the control of sympathetic tone and blood pressure indicated that HFD feeding led to greater increases in mRNA expression of leptin, several components of the renin‐angiotensin system and proinflammatory cytokines in offspring of hypertensive dams when compared with offspring of normotensive dams.

Conclusions
The results indicate that maternal hypertension sensitized male adult offspring to HFD‐induced hypertension. Increased expression of renin‐angiotensin system components and proinflammatory cytokines, elevated brain reactivity to pressor stimuli, and augmented sympathetic drive to the cardiovascular system likely contributed.
Measurement as Abduction
Authors: Morawski Roman Z. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is argued, in this paper, that the core operation underlying any measurement—the inverse modelling under uncertainty—is equivalent to quantitative abductive reasoning which consists in the selection of the best estimate of a measurand (i.e., a quantity to be measured) in a set of admissible solutions, using a priori information: (i) on the measurand, (ii) on the measuring system coupled with an object under measurement, and (iii) on the influence of the environment including the user of the measurement results. There are two key premises of this claim: a systematic interpretation of measurement in terms of inverse problems, proposed earlier by the author, and a logical link between inverse problems and abduction, identified by the Finnish philosopher of science Ilkka Niiniluoto. The title claim of this paper is illustrated with an expanded example of measuring optical spectrum by means of a low-resolution spectrometer.
Of Chimeras, Harmony, and Kintsugi: Towards a Historicist Epistemology of Paleontological Reconstruction, Theory-Change, and Exploring Heuristics
Authors: Mirza Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI analyze the epistemic strategies used by paleontologists (between 1830–1930) to reconstruct features of ancient organisms from fossilized bodies and footprints by presenting two heuristics: (1) a “claim of harmony” which posits the harmonious interaction of natural objects in order for complex systems to be simplified and (2) the “kintsugi heuristic” which is used inter-theoretically to explore new claims of harmony. I apply these to three successive historical cases: Georges Cuvier’s laws of correlation, the panpsychist paleontology of Edward Drinker Cope, and the single-character approach of Henry Fairfield Osborn.
Experiences and Needs of Patients and Relatives During Hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit in China: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yahui Yang , Juan Wu , Huifen Xu , Xiaoqin Liu , Yinan Wang , Yang Gao , Chunmei Song 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In comparison with Western cultures, the closed management system makes it difficult to implement family-centered nursing in many intensive care unit (ICU) in China. There are differences in cultural cognition and social environment between China and the West. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience and needs of critically ill patients and their relatives from a Chinese cultural perspective. Method: This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews conducted in a 26-bed integrated ICU at a Tertiary Grade A comprehensive hospital in Nantong, China. The participants included patients admitted in the ICU and their relatives. We used Colaizzi’s seven-step procedure to analyze interview data. Findings: A total of 15 participants were recruited. Main categories within the patient perspective were variety of feelings, staff assistance required, and expectations for relatives. Patient opinions differed about the feelings of hospitalization and whether they needed the help of staff and relatives. The main categories from the relatives’ perspective were life is disrupted, information needs, and emotional needs. Relatives of patients in the ICU experienced a lot of physical and mental pressure. The lack of timely understanding of the patient’s condition and needs made them feel anxious. Conclusion: The closed management system currently used in China limits contact between ICU patients and their relatives, increasing their physical and emotional discomfort. Hospitals in China should consider updating to a more open visiting policy based on current guidelines for family-centered care. Such policies enable staff to continue providing quality care for their patients while addressing patient and family needs.
Prognostic Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Huang Shenjiao , Shi Kun , Yi Lisha , Liu Yaqiong , Liu Wenjie 
Published: September 2021

Objective Studies have published the association between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the outcome of cervical cancer. However, the prognostic value in cervical cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic functions of MMP expression in cervical cancer. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify the eligible studies according to defined selection and excluding criteria and analyzed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Fixed and random effects models were evaluated through the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progress-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 18 eligible studies including 1967 patients were analyzed for prognostic value. Totally 16 selected studies including 21 tests were relevant to the cervical cancer OS, 4 studies focused on RFS, and 1 study on PFS. The combined pooled HRs and 95% CIs of OS were calculated with random-effects models (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.01–2.65, P = .000). In the subgroup analysis for OS, there was no heterogeneity in MMP-2 (I2 = .0%, P = .880), MMP-1 (I2 = .0%, P = .587), and MMP-14 (I2 = 28.3%, P = .248). In MMP-7 and MMP-9, the heterogeneities were obvious (I2 = 99.2% ( P = .000) and I2 = 77.9% ( P = .000), respectively). The pooled HRs and 95% CIs of RFS were calculated with fixed-effects models (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.38–3.58, P = .001) and PFS (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.14–4.58, P = .035). Conclusions The results indicated that MMP overexpression was associated with shorter OS and RFS in cervical cancer patients. It suggested that MMP overexpression might be a poor prognostic marker in cervical cancer. Research Registry Registration Number: reviewregistry 1159.
Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Wyatt Adam TM , Marques Oge 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND As medicine and the delivery of healthcare enters the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the need for competent human–machine interaction to aid clinical decisions will rise. Medical students need to be sufficiently proficient in AI, its advantages to improve healthcare's expenses, quality, and access. Similarly, students must be educated about the shortfalls of AI such as bias, transparency, and liability. Overlooking a technology that will be transformative for the foreseeable future would place medical students at a disadvantage. However, there has been little interest in researching a proper method to implement AI in the medical education curriculum. This study aims to review the current literature that covers the attitudes of medical students towards AI, implementation of AI in the medical curriculum, and describe the need for more research in this area. METHODS An integrative review was performed to combine data from various research designs and literature. Pubmed, Medline (Ovid), GoogleScholar, and Web of Science articles between 2010 and 2020 were all searched with particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full text of the selected articles was analyzed using the Extension of Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusions of Innovations theory. Data were successively pooled together, recorded, and analyzed quantitatively using a modified Hawkings evaluation form. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was utilized to help improve reporting. RESULTS A total of 39 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Primary assessments of medical students attitudes were identified (n = 5). Plans to implement AI in the curriculum for the purpose of teaching students about AI (n = 6) and articles reporting actual implemented changes (n = 2) were assessed. Finally, 26 articles described the need for more research on this topic or calling for the need of change in medical curriculum to anticipate AI in healthcare. CONCLUSIONS There are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI in the medical curriculum. Medical schools must work together to create a longitudinal study and initiative on how to successfully equip medical students with knowledge in AI.
Reversible dysregulation of renal circadian rhythm in lupus nephritis
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Berthier Celine C. , Yi Zhengzi , Strohl Joshua J. , Huerta Patricio T. , Zhang Weijia , Davidson Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
We have found disruption of expression of major transcriptional regulators of circadian rhythm in the kidneys of several mouse models of lupus nephritis. Here we define the consequence of this disturbance with respect to circadian gene expression and renal homeostatic function in a mouse model of lupus nephritis.

Methods
Molecular profiling of kidneys from 47 young and 41 nephritic female NZB/W F1 mice was performed at 4 hourly intervals over a 24 h period. Disruption of major circadian transcriptional regulators was confirmed by qPCR. Molecular data was normalized and analyzed for rhythmicity using RAIN analysis. Serum aldosterone and glucose and urine sodium and potassium were measured at 4 hourly intervals in pre-nephritic and nephritic mice and blood pressure was measured every 4 h. Analyses were repeated after induction of complete remission of nephritis using combination cyclophosphamide and costimulatory blockade.

Results
We show a profound alteration of renal circadian rhythms in mice with lupus nephritis affecting multiple renal pathways. Using Cosinor analysis we identified consequent alterations of renal homeostasis and metabolism as well as blood pressure dipper status. This circadian dysregulation was partially reversed by remission induction therapy.

Conclusions
Our studies indicate the role of inflammation in causing the circadian disruption and suggest that screening for loss of normal blood pressure dipping should be incorporated into LN management. The data also suggest a potential role for circadian agonists in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
MiR-100 overexpression attenuates high fat diet induced weight gain, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and development of metabolic syndrome in mice
Authors: Smolka Christian , Schlösser Delia , Hohnloser Catherine , Bemtgen Xavier , Jänich Caterina , Schneider Laura , Martin Julien , Pfeifer Dietmar , Moser Martin , Hasselblatt Peter , Bode Christoph , Grundmann Sebastian , Pankratz Franziska 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Diet-induced obesity can result in the development of a diverse spectrum of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic liver steatosis and atherosclerotic disease. MicroRNAs have been described to be important regulators of metabolism and disease development.

Methods
In the current study, we investigated the effects of ubiquitous miR-100 overexpression on weight gain and the metabolic phenotype in a newly generated transgenic mouse strain under normal chow and high fat diet and used microarray expression analysis to identify new potential target genes of miR-100.

Results
While transgenic overexpression of miR-100 did not significantly affect weight and metabolism under a normal diet, miR-100 overexpressing mice showed a reduced weight gain under a high fat diet compared to wildtype mice, despite an equal calorie intake. This was accompanied by less visceral and subcutaneous fat development and lover serum LDL cholesterol. In addition, transgenic miR-100 mice were more glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive and demonstrated increased energy expenditure under high fat diet feeding. A comprehensive gene expression profiling revealed the differential expression of several genes involved in lipid storage- and metabolism, among them CD36 and Cyp4A14. Our data showed a direct regulation of CD36 by miR-100, leading to a reduced fatty acid uptake in primary hepatocytes overexpressing miR-100 and the downregulation of several downstream mediators of lipid metabolism such as ACC1, FABP4, FAS and PPARγ in the liver.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a protective role of miR-100 in high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis, partially mediated by the direct repression of CD36 and attenuation of hepatic lipid storage, implicating miR-100 as a possible therapeutic target in liver steatosis.
Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zeng Guowei , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Kai-Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The effects of environmental chemical exposure on blood pressure (BP) have been confirmed, but the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypertension risk and BP in the general population remains unknown.

Methods
Cross-sectional associations between SHS exposure and hypertension risk and BP values were evaluated using data for subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2016. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, alcohol consumption, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline models were created to display the potential nonlinear association between SHS and BP levels.

Results
Higher risk of hypertension was found at the highest SHS concentrations (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.24, P for trend = 0.007). Additionally, SHS exposure had a strong positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Furthermore, the nonlinear model result showed a significant association between SHS and SBP (P = 0.017); however, the nonlinear model result was not significant for SHS or DBP.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a potential association between high SHS exposure and the risk of hypertension. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Multilevel responses of adult zebrafish to crude and chemically dispersed oil exposure
Authors: Esteban-Sánchez Ada , Johann Sarah , Bilbao Dennis , Prieto Ailette , Hollert Henner , Seiler Thomas-B. , Orbea Amaia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe application of chemical dispersants is a common remediation strategy when accidental oil spills occur in aquatic environments. Breaking down the oil slick into small droplets, dispersants facilitate the increase of particulate and dissolved oil compounds, enhancing the bioavailability of toxic oil constituents. The aim of the present work was to explore the effects of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil produced with and without the addition of the chemical dispersant FINASOL OSR 52 to adult zebrafish exposed for 3 and 21 d. Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 5% and 25% WAFOIL(1:200) and to 5% WAFOIL+D(dispersant–oil ratio 1:10) in a semi-static exposure setup.ResultsThe chemically dispersed WAF presented a 20-fold increase of target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water phase compared to the corresponding treatment without dispersant and was the only treatment resulting in markedly bioaccumulation of PAHs in carcass after 21 d compared to the control. Furthermore, only 5% WAFOIL+Dcaused fish mortality. In general, the undispersed oil treatments did not lead to significant effects compared to control, while the dispersed oil induced significant alterations at gene transcription and enzyme activity levels. Significant up-regulation of biotransformation and oxidative stress response genes (cyp1a,gstp1,sod1andgpx1a) was recorded in the livers. For the same group, a significant increment in EROD activity was detected in liver along with significant increased GST and CAT activities in gills. The addition of the chemical dispersant also reduced brain AChE activity and showed a potential genotoxic effect as indicated by the increased frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes after 21 d of exposure.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the addition of chemical dispersants accentuates the effect of toxic compounds present in oil as it increases PAH bioavailability resulting in diverse alterations on different levels of biological organization in zebrafish. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance to combine multilevel endpoints for a reliable risk assessment due to high variable biomarker responses. The present results of dispersant impact on oil toxicity can support decision making for oil spill response strategies.
Short-term associations of air pollution and meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Madrid (Spain): a time series study
Authors: Linares Cristina , Belda Fernando , López-Bueno José Antonio , Luna M. Yolanda , Sánchez-Martínez Gerardo , Hervella Beatriz , Culqui Dante , Díaz Julio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
There are studies that analyze the role of meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19, and others that explore the role played by air pollutants, but currently there are very few studies that analyze the impact of both effects together. This is the aim of the current study. We analyzed data corresponding to the period from February 1 to May 31, 2020 for the City of Madrid. As meteorological variables, maximum daily temperature (Tmax) in ºC and mean daily absolute humidity (AH) in g/m3 were used corresponding to the mean values recorded by all Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) observatories in the Madrid region. Atmospheric pollutant data for PM10 and NO2 in µg/m3 for the Madrid region were provided by the Spanish Environmental Ministry (MITECO). Daily incidence, daily hospital admissions per 100.000 inhabitants, daily ICU admissions and daily death rates per million inhabitants were used as dependent variables. These data were provided by the ISCIII Spanish National Epidemiology Center. Generalized linear models with Poisson link were performed between the dependent and independent variables, controlling for seasonality, trend and the autoregressive nature of the series.

Results
The results of the single-variable models showed a negative association between Tmax and all of the dependent variables considered, except in the case of deaths, in which lower temperatures were associated with higher rates. AH also showed the same behavior with the COVID-19 variables analyzed and with the lags, similar to those obtained with Tmax. In terms of atmospheric pollutants PM10 and NO2, both showed a positive association with the dependent variables. Only PM10 was associated with the death rate. Associations were established between lags 12 and 21 for PM10 and between 0 and 28 for NO2, indicating a short-term association of NO2 with the disease. In the two-variable models, the role of NO2 was predominant compared to PM10.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the environmental variables analyzed are related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Community of Madrid. In general, low temperatures and low humidity in the atmosphere affect the spread of the virus. Air pollution, especially NO2, is associated with a higher incidence and severity of the disease. The impact that these environmental factors are small (in terms of relative risk) and by themselves cannot explain the behavior of the incidence and severity of COVID-19.