bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wasted Gifts
Authors: Smith Vanessa 
Published: April 2021

Vanessa Smith, “Wasted Gifts: Robert Louis Stevenson in Oceania” (pp. 527–551)
This essay takes some letters from Robert Louis Stevenson’s travels in the South Seas as a starting point to rethink both Stevenson’s South Seas oeuvre and the Victorian cross-cultural encounter. Reengaging with Marcel Mauss’s classic theorization of gift exchange, the essay suggests that Stevenson’s encounters with Oceanic systems of exchange were experienced in terms not of cultural dominance, but of ontological lack. The practices of gifting to which Stevenson found himself subject in the Marquesas, Tuamotus, and Tahiti rendered both British etiquette and largesse ineffectual. The essay relates Stevenson’s growing sense of the complexities of Oceanic gifting to the tendency of his metropolitan readers to understand his South Seas “exile” as a waste of his own gifts. Focusing in particular on The Wrecker (1892) and “The Bottle Imp” (1891), it proposes that Stevenson deployed his expanded understanding of what Oceanic gifting entailed to replenish his fiction in both structural and figurative terms, even as he was forced to acknowledge those failures of reciprocation that continued to inform its production.
Nanomechanical testing of freestanding polymer films: in situ tensile testing and Tg measurement
Authors: Velez Nathan R. , Allen Frances I. , Jones Mary Ann , Donohue Jenn , Li Wei , Pister Kristofer , Govindjee Sanjay , Meyers Gregory F. , Minor Andrew M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A method for small-scale testing and imaging of freestanding, microtomed polymer films using a push-to-pull device is presented. Central to this method was the development of a sample preparation technique which utilized solvents at cryogenic temperatures to transfer and deposit delicate thin films onto the microfabricated push-to-pull devices. The preparation of focused ion beam (FIB)-milled tensile specimens enabled quantitative in situ TEM tensile testing, but artifacts associated with ion and electron beam irradiation motivated the development of a FIB-free specimen preparation method. The FIB-free method was enabled by the design and fabrication of oversized strain-locking push-to-pull devices. An adaptation for push-to-pull devices to be compatible with an instrumented nanoindenter expanded the testing capabilities to include in situ heating. These innovations provided quantitative mechanical testing, postmortem TEM imaging, and the ability to measure the glass transition temperature, via dynamic mechanical analysis, of freestanding polymer films. Results for each of these mentioned characterization methods are presented and discussed in terms of polymer nanomechanics.

Graphic Abstract
Punk Portugal, 1977–2012
Authors: Guerra Paula , Bennett Andy 
Published: April 2021

In this article, we discuss the emergence and development of punk in Portugal since the final years of the 1970s, its relationship to the social structure of Portugal over the last four decades and to the cultural and symbolic manifestations of Portuguese urban popular cultures. It is a preliminary genealogy that situates the Portuguese punk scene in a broader, global context, without overlooking the specificities that originated through its appropriation of a non-Anglo-Saxon context and a society located in Southern Europe—therefore, importance is stressed throughout the article in maintaining a global-local perspective. The theoretical basis of the article applies perspectives drawn from post-subcultural theory, notably the concept of scene which is used to conceptualize the localization of punk in Portugal and its appropriation of various styles and images associated with different eras of punk since the 1970s. The article uses ethnographic data, specifically data generated through interviews with key actors in the Portuguese punk scene spanning an age range of 23 to 57 years old and from different geographical locations in the country. Overall, 20 key interviews were conducted between 2013 and 2015.
Malign Mezotelyoma ile Reaktif Mezotelyal Hiperplazi ayrımında, effüzyon materyallerinde GLUT-1, CD147 ve ProExC’nin tanısal değeri
Authors: BAĞLAN Tolga , ONARAL ERDOĞAN Nural 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Effüzyon materyallerinde malign mezotelyoma ile reaktif mezotelyal hiperplazisi ayırıcı tanısı önemli bir sorundur. Bu sorunun çözümü için immünhistokimyasal antikorlar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MM'yi RMH'den ayırt etmede GLUT-1, CD147 ve ProExC’nin tanısal değerini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: İmmünhistokimyasal çalışma, klinik ve histopatolojik korelasyonu olan 26 MM olgusu ile 26 RMH olgusuna ait hücre bloğu kesitlerinden yapıldı. Antikorlar; boyanma yüzdesi ve boyanma şiddetine göre semikantitatif olarak değerlendirildi. Herbir antikorun tek başına ve kombine tanısal performansları hesaplandı.
Bulgular: GLUT-1 ile 26 MM olgusunun 25’inde (%96.1), 26 RMH olgusunun ise 6’sında (%23) immünhistokimyasal ekspresyon izlendi. MM ve RMH olguları arasında GLUT-1 ile boyama yüzdesi ve yoğunluğu açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p
3D Elastic finite-difference modeling of seismic motion using staggered grids with nonuniform spacing
Authors: Pitarka Arben 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article provides a technique to model seismic motions in 3D elastic media using fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) operators implemented on a mesh with nonuniform grid spacing. The accuracy of the proposed technique has been tested through comparisons with analytical solutions, conventional 3D staggered-grid FD with uniform grid spacing, and reflectivity methods for a variety of velocity models. Numerical tests with nonuniform grids suggest that the method allows sufficiently accurate modeling when the grid sampling rate is at least 6 grid points per shortest shear wavelength. The applicability for a finite fault with non-uniform distribution of point sources is also confirmed. The use of nonuniform spacing improves the efficiency of the FD methods when applied to large-scale structures by partially avoiding the spatial oversampling introduced by the uniform spacing in zones with high velocity. The significant reduction in computer memory that can be obtained by the new technique improves the efficiency of the 3D-FD method at handling shorter wavelengths, larger areas, or more realistic 3D velocity structures.
Empirical Green's functions: A comparison between pulse width measurements and deconvolution by spectral division
Authors: Deichmann Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractData from a microearthquake cluster in northern Switzerland and synthetic seismograms simulating the observed signals are used to compare two different techniques of obtaining information about earthquake source-time functions. Comparisons between the observed P-wave velocity pulse widths and the rise times of far-field displacement pulses obtained from empirical Green's function (EGF) deconvolutions show significant discrepancies. Whereas the observed velocity pulse widths of the larger events scale with seismic moment over a broad range, this scaling is practically lost in the deconvolutions. The reason is that velocity pulse widths are usually measured at high trace magnifications from the first break to the first zero crossing. At lower magnifications, these pulse widths are seen to include an emergent onset, which can be attributed to an initial phase of gradual rupture acceleration and whose duration scales with moment. Synthetic simulations, based on a source model of a circular crack with constant stress drop and rupture propagating outward from the center with a gradually increasing velocity, correctly reproduce these emergent onsets. Deconvolutions using the synthetic signals show that the slow initial phase is masked by the noise amplification and stabilizing measures inherent in the deconvolution. Therefore, despite the uncertainties in the necessary corrections for attenuation and scattering along the path, relative pulse width measurements are more reliable and provide better resolution for small earthquakes than rise-time measurements on far-field displacement pulses obtained from EGF deconvolutions by spectral division.
Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in the garden soil samples in Western India and study of its clinical impact
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Yadav Madhu , Chaurasia Mukul , Rastogi Vijaylatha , Verma Pushpanjali , Parashar Abila , Meena Govind 
Published: April 2021

Dermatophytosis has been a common contagious disease and remain an important public health problem among people worldwide and particularly in developing countries. This study was done in order to know prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in the soil samples of Ajmer region and its clinical correlation. Five samples (5gm each) of garden soil were collected from each of the randomly selected 10 sites of Ajmer region in sterile polythene bags & pH of soil was recorded. All samples were processed in the laboratory using hair bait technique and incubated at 28 + 2◦C for 3-4 weeks. Fungi grown were subcultured onto Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol & SDA with cycloheximide and identified using standard mycological procedures. Out of 50 soil samples cultured 28 (56%) samples were positive for keratinophilic fungi. 64.28% were dermatophytes and 12.8% were non-dermatophytic fungi. The predominant isolate among dermatophytes was spp. (64.28%) where as spp. (12.8%) was the commonest non-dermatophyte. : In our hospital, dermatophytic infection including Tinea corporis is one of the most common clinical presentations of skin infection. is commonest causative agent of Tinea corporis. Interestingly was the most commonly isolated dermatophyte in our study suggesting soil as a source of dermatophytic infections.
Comparative analysis of NS1 antigen card test and ELISA of clinically suspected dengue fever cases in a tertiary care hospital, Mumbai
Authors: Salunke Parul , Hora Shilpi , Shivram Sita 
Published: April 2021

Dengue, mosquito borne acute febrile viral illness has evolved as a global life threatening public health concern in South east Asia affecting around 2.5 billion individuals in more than 100 countries. The study was conducted to compare commercially available NS1 Ag card test with IgM Capture ELISA. A total of 521 clinically suspected cases of dengue were tested by Rapid Card test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Confirmed dengue positive cases by these methods were 228.A total of 222 cases were found to be positive by Card test. Out of these 222 positive samples, 61 (27.5%) were positive for NS1 antigen only. A total of 123 cases were positive for IgM by ELISA (99 for IgM only and 24 for IgM + IgG) as compared to 117 cases by rapid card test. Thus six cases (2.6%) of IgM positivity were missed by the rapid card test. Immunochromatographic testing (ICT) can prove to be a very useful tool for especially in resource poor settings, such as in the peripheral health care center. On the other hand, in tertiary care hospitals, where a large number of samples are to be tested and the technical expertise is available, ELISA can be very effective in diagnosis of dengue infection.
Retrospective view on fungal and bacterial profile in the suspected cases of keratitis
Authors: R Sharlee , B Sumangala 
Published: April 2021

To study the microbial profile in the cases of keratitis.Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period of January 2018 to January 2019. Corneal scrapping from suspected case of keratitis were subjected for microscopy and culture. Growth was examined for wet mount, colony morphology from culture tubes and plates, susceptibility of gram negative and gram-positive organism was done according to standard protocol (CLSI 2018). In our study total of 239 samples, 17(7.1%) samples were only Microscopy positive, 69 (28.8%) samples were bacterial culture positive and 43 (17.9%) were fungal culture positive. Organisms isolated from bacterial culture were and species. & spp were isolated from fungal culture. No mixed growth was observed in our study.In our study we found about 28.8% of cases were positive for bacterial growth. Clinicians usually neglect bacterial cause of keratitis, so a good microbiological investigation play major role in management of corneal infection.
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from various clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital at Dewas in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Munesh Kumar , Negi Sandeep , K Ramanath , Bala Lakshmi 
Published: April 2021

A significant proportion of nosocomial infections is contributed by the Major changes were observed from time to time in prevalence and multidrug-resistant (MDR) with enormous morbidity and mortality. The spread of antimicrobial resistance has now become a worldwide issue as a consequence of the haphazard use of antimicrobials. This study was done in the Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences from February 2019 to December 2019. was isolated from different clinical samples like urine, sputum, pus, fluid, and catheter tip. Identification of was done by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data Analysis was done by percentage method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production was detected by the combined disc diffusion test. Sensitivity was seen in colistin and polymyxin B - 100%, meropenem - 86.58% and piperacillin tazobactam - 82.92%. Resistance was seen in co-trimoxazole- 80.48%, cefixime- 82.92%, cefoperazone/sulbactam-59.75% and ciprofloxacin- 39.02%. The maximum number of MDR strains were isolated from the pus samples (n=18) as compared to other samples. The total number of ESBL producing strains was seen higher in the pus samples (n=15). The number of strains (n=57) was seen greater in number than other . The present study is an attempt to regulate the use of antibiotics that are irrelevant and wasteful. It is also a public health concern to take adequate measures, maintain cleanliness and hygiene to reduce the spread of nosocomial infections.
Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of wound infections in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: S Roopashree , Prathab A G , T Sandeep 
Published: April 2021

Infections caused due to injuries are due to microbial proliferation at the wound site following skin damage. Initial testing of micro-organisms in terms of culturing and sensitivity leads to appropriate antibiotic selection and prevents escalation of antimicrobial resistance.To evaluate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of wound infections in this single-centered study.The study included 160 patients suspected to have wound infection. Pus or tissue samples collected from patients were subjected to microbiological processing including Gram staining, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Their demographic data and wound related factors (duration, nature, type) were recorded. The isolated organisms were evaluated for β-lactamase production using Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) test, Modified Hodge test for Carbapenemase and AmpC β-lactamase enzyme detection tests. Most participants were 41-60 years old (45.63%). The majority had surgical site infections (SSI, 91.25%), early infected (91.1%) and clean (67.12%) wounds. The bacterial isolation rate was 80% and 45.27% (n=67) were Gram positive isolates, out of which 47 (70.14%) were multidrug resistant. was identified as the predominant organism (n=40), where 33 among 40 were methicillin sensitive, followed by (n=30, 23.43%). Amongst the Gram negative isolates (n=81, 54.73%), 60 (74.07%) were multidrug resistant with majority being susceptible to imipenem, meropenem and amikacin. The most common pathogen associated with wound infection was Methicillin sensitive with SSI being the most common type of wound infection.
Prevalence of non albicans Candida in diabetic subjects and its extracellular enzymatic profiles
Authors: Lakshmi D Vijaya , Prasad B V Siva , Sekhar A Chandra , Prasad D Vijaya Raghava 
Published: April 2021

Epidemiology of Candidiosis their prevalence, identification and evaluation of extra cellular enzymes patterns in group from the oral washings of diabetic subjects.A total of 125 oral samples were collected and analyzed. The Candiad species were identified by means of morphological and by molecular methods. The production of virulence factors assessed by using standard protocols.Total of 70 different yeast like fungal strains were isolated and identified. The selected 6 virulence factors were investigated and compared critically among the NAC species. The overall observations were indicating that the virulence factors are fluctuated randomly with in the strains tested. Maximum extent of the virulence factors were reported as Phospholipase [], protease [2, ], Haemolysin [Candida tropicalis-3], Coagulase [3], and Biofilm formation [] respectively.In the present study we focused mainly on NAC species and their credible factors responsible for the progression of infections in diabetic subjects.
Evaluation of different peatland management scenarios to reduce GHG emissions from fires. A case study in tropical peatlands in Ogan Komering Ilir, Indonesia.
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ VÁSQUEZ María José 
Published: April 2021

Tropical peatlands play an important role as carbon pools. Over the last decades, deforestation and degradation of Indonesian peatlands have led to a significant amount of carbon loss. Anthropogenic fires damage the ecology, the economy, and the public health of the entire region. This PhD is based on a case study in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) district of Indonesia. In OKI, traditional practices discard unwanted biomass with open fires, and often result in peat fires. We considered different scenarios of biomass valorisation to incite changes of practices, and to reduce peatland fires. We assessed the feasibility of converting aboveground biomass into bioenergy or other ligno-cellulosic materials.
We estimated a business as usual (BAU) scenario by evaluating sources of emission of the current land management. We investigated potential mitigation scenarios, including biomass valorisation and peatland restoration, as alternative land management options. We evaluated the impact of these mitigation scenarios on climate change, according to their economic limitations.
The analysis of GHG emissions in the BAU scenario shows that areas affected by fire release 70 ± 30, 140 ± 31 and 160 ± 27 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr for degraded peatland, oil palm plantations and pulpwood plantations, respectively. Areas not affected by fires release 19 ± 12, 85 ± 21 and 108 ± 15 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr, respectively. For the restoration scenario, we found similar GHG emissions of –0.9 Tonnes CO2-eq/ha/yr for the three land uses.
Encouraging the biomass market in the areas where it is profitable for farmers could help reducing fire occurrences, without government investment. We instead suggest focusing government efforts on other methods such as incentive payments, or peatland restoration strategies, in the areas where biomass market is not economically viable. For the region, we find that biomass valorisation can reduce the GHG emissions by 4% to 6% compared to the BAU.
As such, biomass valorisation is a promising alternative to current practices, potentially reducing the negative impact of fires while generating a new income for the population.
Evolution of a complex early Permian coarse-grained shoreline along a rift basin margin
Authors: Dillinger Antoine , George Annette D. , Vaucher Romain 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Tectonic activity in extensional basins has a profound control on accommodation and sediment supply through the interplay between footwall uplift and hanging-wall subsidence, and thus largely influences the three-dimensional architecture of syn-rift sequences. This is emphasized in areas close to major rift-border faults, where steep coastal reliefs and fluvial gradients produce compound facies zonation and stratigraphic styles with strong lateral variability. The lower Permian High Cliff Sandstone was deposited in an array of shallow marine environments along the margin of the northern Perth Basin during a protracted late Paleozoic rifting episode in Western Australian basins. The formation is composed of fluvio-deltaic and nearshore strata sharply overlying a thick succession of offshore mudstone that was deposited during a phase of tectonic quiescence. This basal contact likely reflects submarine erosion and is, therefore, interpreted as a regressive surface of marine erosion generated in response to forced regression. The facies arrangement consisting of interbedded sandstone, conglomerate, and heterolithic facies chiefly records the evolution of a low- to high-gradient paleoshoreline punctuated by coastal streams, steep sea cliffs, and back-barrier lagoons. Extraformational outsized clasts were probably emplaced by the erosion of exhumed basement and older sedimentary rocks through fluvial incision, wave sapping, or landsliding. The along-strike variability between low- and high-gradient shoreline deposits indicates a dynamic depositional setting with a complex tectonic influence. The basal regressive surface of marine erosion is attributed to footwall uplift during the early reactivation stage of basin-bounding normal faults and, therefore, records the initiation of a new syn-rift phase in the northern Perth Basin.
Clinical relevance of impaired consciousness in accidental hypothermia: A Japanese multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Fukuda Masahiro , Nozawa Masahiro , Okada Yohei , Morita Sachiko , Ehara Naoki , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Jo Takaaki , Sumida Yasuyuki , Okada Nobunaga , Watanabe Makoto , Tsuruoka Ayumu , Fujimoto Yoshihiro , Okumura Yoshiki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Matsuyama Tasuku 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the association between level of impaired consciousness and severe hypothermia less than 28°C among accidental hypothermia. Severe accidental hypothermia (AH) is a life-threatening condition, and early identification can enable transport to an appropriate medical facility. The Swiss staging system has been used to classify patients with AH, but little is known regarding the association between the level of impaired consciousness and core body temperature (BT) in AH. This study aimed to clarify the association between level of impaired consciousness and core BT and determine whether the level of impaired consciousness could be used to predict severe hypothermia and in-hospital mortality among patients with AH.
Results
The study included 505 of 572 patients in the J-point registry. Relative to mildly impaired consciousness (Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 13–15), the adjusted odds ratios for severe hypothermia were moderate (GCS9-12) 3.26 (95% CI: 1.69–6.25) and severe (GCS < 9) 4.68 (95% CI: 2.40–9.14) for severely impaired consciousness. Relative to mildly impaired consciousness (GCS 13–15), the adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital mortality were moderate (GCS9-12) 1.65 (95% CI: 0.95–2.88) and severe (GCS < 9) 2.10 (95% CI: 1.17–3.78).
Conclusions
The level of impaired consciousness in patients with accidental hypothermia may predict severe hypothermia and in-hospital mortality.