bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of a fulminant anti‐pan‐neurofascin‐associated neuropathy responsive to rituximab and bortezomib
Authors: Fels Miriam , Fisse Anna Lena , Schwake Carolin , Motte Jeremias , Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Grüter Thomas , Spenner Marie , Breuer Thomas , Starz Katharina , Heinrich David , Grond Martin , Keyvani Kathy , Appeltshauser Luise , Doppler Kathrin , Sommer Claudia , Ayzenberg Ilya , Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Labedi Adnan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInflammatory neuropathies with pathogenic involvement of the nodes of Ranvier through autoantibodies have been increasingly characterized in the past years. The so‐called anti‐pan‐NF‐associated neuropathies caused by the simultaneous existence of anti‐Neurofascin‐186/‐140 and ‐155‐antibodies are extremely rare and cause life‐threatening symptoms. Therapeutic strategies are needed as symptoms may be life‐threatening and may not respond to standard first‐line CIDP treatment. We report a case of a 52‐year‐old male with a rare anti‐pan‐neurofascin (NF) (‐155, ‐186/‐140)‐associated neuropathy. The initial presentation was subacute with mild paresthesia leading to a fulminant “locked‐in”‐like syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation within the first eight weeks despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins. Nerve conduction studies revealed non‐excitable nerves with acute spontaneous activity in electromyography. High titers of anti‐Neurofascin‐155, −186/−140‐antibodies were detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. A combination of aggressive immunotherapy consisting of intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, rituximab and bortezomib resulted in clinical improvement with ambulation and non‐detectable anti‐neurofascin‐antibodies within the following 3 months. The follow‐up nerve conduction studies showed normalized amplitudes of the peripheral nerves with signs of reinnervation in electromyography. We conclude that an early aggressive immunotherapy consisting of a combination of rituximab and bortezomib could be considered as a therapeutic option for anti‐pan‐NF‐associated neuropathies.
Expedited Digital‐Analog Hybrid Method to Fabricate a 3D‐Printed Implant Overdenture
Authors: Scherer Michael D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present case report describes a technique to convert an interim mandibular complete dental prosthesis into a digitally designed and additively manufactured implant overdenture prosthesis. A patient had two dental implants placed, an interim complete denture, and a soft reline procedure completed. After implant osseointegration, existing healing abutments were removed, a functionally generated reline impression with polyvinyl siloxane impression material was made. Using an intraoral scanner, a 360‐degree optical scan was obtained of the relined interim prosthesis. A new prosthesis was digitally designed using the optical scan, additively manufactured, and housings picked‐up intraorally to create an implant‐retained overdenture.
Teen, Queer, and Asian: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus Asian American Students' Experiences in Schools
Authors: Gorse Michael Morgan , Bacolores John Paino , Cheung Jordan , De Pedro Kris Tunac 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe experiences of youth with intersecting LGBTQ+ and Asian American (AA) identities have been largely unexplored. This study explored these experiences of LGBTQ+ AA California youth with mental health, school climate, and school victimization.METHODSDrawing from the 2016‐2017 California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 326,124), this study utilized secondary data analyses to examine mental health, school climate, and school victimization among students of specific AA ethnicities (eg, Cambodian, Hmong, Vietnamese) and LGBTQ+ identities. The participants in this study included 7th, 9th, and 11th graders from California public schools, with subsamples of lesbian or gay students (N = 13,291), bisexual students (N = 30,127), and transgender students (N = 7916).RESULTSThe results indicated that Asian Indian, Cambodian, Hmong, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, and Other Asian LGBTQ+ students experienced more negative school climate and victimization compared to their Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and white LGBTQ+ peers. For instance, 41.1% of Cambodian transgender students reported they were beaten up compared to 27.1% of white transgender students. Mental health differences between LGBTQ+ AA and LGBTQ+ white students were also found.CONCLUSIONSThis study's findings can inform school administrators and teachers how to best support LGBTQ+ AA populations.
Evolutionary origin of a tetraploid Allium species on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Minjie , Zheng Zeyu , Liu Juncheng , Yang Yongzhi , Ren Guangpeng , Ru Dafu , Zhang Shangzhe , Du Xin , Ma Tao , Milne Richard , Liu Jianquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtinct taxa may be detectable if they were ancestors to extant hybrid species, which retain their genetic signature. In this study, we combined phylogenomics, population genetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (GISH and FISH) analyses to trace the origin of the alpine tetraploid Allium tetraploideum (2n = 4x = 32), one of the five known members in the subgenus Cyathophora. We found that A. tetraploideum was an obvious allotetrapoploid derived from ancestors including at least two closely related diploid species, A. farreri and A. cyathophorum, from which it differs by multiple ecological and genomic attributes. However, these two species cannot account for the full genome of A. tetraploideum, indicating that at least one extinct diploid is also involved in its ancestry. Furthermore, A. tetraploideum appears to have arisen via homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS) from two extinct allotetraploid parents, which derived in turn from the aforementioned diploids. Other modes of origin were possible, but all were even more complex and involved additional extinct ancestors. Our study together highlights how some polyploid species might have very complex origins, involving both HHS and polyploid speciation and also extinct ancestors.
An in vitro model for studies of attenuation of antibiotic‐inhibited growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by polyamines
Authors: Wattimena Allan , Ganesan Sukirth M. , Kumar Purnima S. , Dabdoub Shareef M. , Walters John D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyamines are ubiquitous polycationic molecules that are present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and they serve as important modulators of cell growth, stress, and cell proliferation. Polyamines are present at high concentrations in the periodontal pocket and could potentially affect the stress response of periodontal bacteria to antibiotics. The effects of polyamines on inhibition of growth by amoxicillin (AMX), azithromycin (AZM), and doxycycline (DOX) were investigated with the Y4 strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Bacteria were grown in brain heart infusion broth under the following conditions: (1) Aa only, (2) Aa + polyamine mix (1 mM putrescine, 0.4 mM spermidine, and 0.4 mM spermine), (3) Aa + antibiotic, and (4) Aa + antibiotic + polyamines. Growth curve analysis, minimal inhibitory concentration determination, and transcriptomic studies were conducted. The presence of exogenous polyamines produced a small, but significant increase in Aa growth, and polyamines attenuated the inhibitory effects of AMX, AZM, and DOX on growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that polyamines upregulate expression of ribosomal biogenesis proteins and small subunits, attenuate the bacterial stress response to antibiotics, and modulate bacterial nutritional pathways in a manner that could potentially increase the virulence of Aa. In summary, the polyamine‐rich environment found in periodontal pockets appears to protect Aa and reduce its susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents in this in vitro model.
Wide‐field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes
Authors: Yazdani Negareh , Ehsaei Asieh , Hoseini‐Yazdi Hosein , Shoeibi Nasser , Alonso‐Caneiro David , Collins Michael J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo study regional variations in choroidal thickness (CT), luminal thickness and stromal thickness of the choroid, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in low myopic and emmetropic eyes using wide‐field optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsSixty‐nine healthy young adults between 20 and 38 years of age participated in this study, including 40 low myopes (mean ± SD spherical equivalent (MSE) refractive error: −3.00 ± 1.39 D, range: −6.00 to −0.62 D) and 29 emmetropes (MSE: −0.05 ± 0.09 D, range: −0.25 to +0.12 D). Wide‐field CT, luminal thickness, stromal thickness and CVI were measured across five eccentricities (fovea, parafovea, perifovea; near‐periphery and periphery) and four quadrants (nasal, temporal, inferior and superior), in vertical and horizontal meridians, while controlling for a range of extraneous factors potentially influencing the CT. Custom‐written software was used to segment and binarize the OCT images.ResultsWide‐field CT, luminal thickness and stromal thickness, averaged across all participants, exhibited significant topographical variation, with the foveal (379 ± 8 µm, 200 ± 4 µm, 179 ± 4 µm, respectively) and peripheral (275 ± 8 µm, 161 ± 4 µm, 114 ± 4 µm, respectively) regions presenting the thickest and thinnest regions (all p < 0.001). Wide‐field CVI showed a progressively higher percentage (greater vascularity) with increasing eccentricity from the fovea towards the periphery (p < 0.001). Macular CT and stromal choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in myopes compared to emmetropes (p < 0.05). Myopes (55.7 ± 0.3%) showed a slightly higher CVI compared with emmetropes (54.4 ± 0.4%) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLow myopia in young adults was associated with significant choroidal thinning across the macular, but not extramacular regions, with this decrease in choroidal thickness mostly attributed to thinning in the stromal component of the choroid, rather than the luminal (vascular) component.
The wheat AGL6‐like MADS‐box gene is a master regulator for floral organ identity and a target for spikelet meristem development manipulation
Authors: Kong Xingchen , Wang Fang , Geng Shuaifeng , Guan Jiantao , Tao Shu , Jia Meiling , Sun Guoliang , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Ke , Ye Xingguo , Ma Jian , Liu Dengcai , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Fu Xiangdong , Mao Long , Lan Xiujin , Li Aili 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe AGAMOUS‐LIKE6 (AGL6)‐like genes are ancient MADS‐box genes and are functionally studied in a few model plants. The knowledge of these genes in wheat remains limited. Here, by studying a ‘double homoeolog mutant’ of the AGL6 gene in tetraploid wheat, we showed that AGL6 was required for the development of all four whorls of floral organs with dosage‐dependent effect on floret fertility. Yeast two‐hybrid analyses detected interactions of AGL6 with all classes of MADS‐box proteins in the ABCDE model for floral organ development. AGL6 was found to interact with several additional proteins, including the G protein β and γ (DEP1) subunits. Analysis of the DEP1‐B mutant showed a significant reduction in spikelet number per spike in tetraploid wheat, while overexpression of AGL6 in common wheat increased the spikelet number per spike and hence the grain number per spike. RNA‐seq analysis identified the regulation of several meristem activity genes by AGL6, such as FUL2 and TaMADS55. Our work therefore extensively updated the wheat ABCDE model and proposed an alternative approach to improve wheat grain yield by manipulating the AGL6 gene.
Associations of cord metabolome and biochemical parameters with the neonatal deaths of cloned pigs
Authors: Ao Zheng , Wu Zhimin , Zhao Huaxing , Wu Zhenfang , Li Zicong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeonatal cloned pigs generated via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have high incidences of malformation and mortality. The mechanisms underlying the massive loss of cloned pig neonates remain unclear. We compared the cord serum metabolic profiles and biochemical indexes of SCNT‐derived piglets that died within 4 days (SCNT‐DW4), SCNT‐derived piglets that survived over 4 days (SCNT‐SO4) and artificial insemination (AI)‐generated piglets that survived over 4 days (AI‐SO4) to investigate the associations of serum metabolomics and biochemical indexes in umbilical cord (UC) sera at delivery with the neonatal loss of cloned pigs. Results showed that compared with SCNT‐SO4 and AI‐SO4 piglets, SCNT‐DW4 piglets had lower birth weight, placental indexes, placental vascularization scores, UC scores, vitality scores, serum glucose and levels but higher creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid levels in cord sera. Metabolomics analysis revealed alterations in lipid, glucose and purine metabolism in the cord sera of SCNT‐DW4 piglets. These results indicated that the disturbance of the cord serum metabolome might be associated with the low birth weight and malformations of cloned neonates. These effects were likely the consequences of the impaired placental morphology and function of SCNT‐derived piglets. This study provides helpful information regarding the potential mechanisms responsible for the neonatal death of cloned pigs and also offers an important basis for the design of effective strategies to improve the survival rate of these animals.
Concussion history in rugby union players is associated with depressed cerebrovascular reactivity and cognition
Authors: Owens Thomas S. , Calverley Thomas A. , Stacey Benjamin S. , Rose George , Fall Lewis , Tsukamoto Hayato , Jones Gareth , Corkill Robin , Tuaillon Edouard , Hirtz Christophe , Lehmann Sylvain , Marchi Nicola , Marley Christopher J. , Bailey Damian M. 
Published: September 2021

Recurrent contact and concussion in rugby union remains a significant public health concern given the potential increased risk of neurodegeneration in later life. This study determined to what extent prior‐recurrent contact impacts molecular‐hemodynamic biomarkers underpinning cognition in current professional rugby union players with a history of concussion. Measurements were performed in 20 professional rugby union players with an average of 16 (interquartile range [IQR] 13–19) years playing history reporting 3 (IQR 1–4) concussions. They were compared to 17 sex‐age‐physical activity‐and education‐matched non‐contact controls with no prior history of self‐reported concussion. Venous blood was assayed directly for the ascorbate free radical (A•−electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) nitric oxide metabolites (NO reductive ozone‐based chemiluminescence) and select biomarkers of neurovascular unit integrity (NVU chemiluminescence/ELISA). Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv doppler ultrasound) was employed to determine basal perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hyper/hypocapnia (). Cognition was assessed by neuropsychometric testing. Elevated systemic oxidative‐nitrosative stress was confirmed in the players through increased A•−(p < 0.001) and suppression of NO bioavailability (p < 0.001). This was accompanied by a lower CVR range (;p = 0.045) elevation in neurofilament light‐chain (p = 0.010) and frontotemporal impairments in immediate‐memory (p = 0.001) delayed‐recall (p = 0.048) and fine‐motor coordination (p < 0.001). Accelerated cognitive decline subsequent to prior‐recurrent contact and concussion history is associated with a free radical‐mediated suppression of CVR and neuronal injury providing important mechanistic insight that may help better inform clinical management.
Comparison of intraocular pressure in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer
Authors: Kerdchuchuen Kamolchanok , Samathayanon Kingkarn , Phientong Pitchapa , Chattraphirat Suprapha , Jaturakan Orapun , Tuntivanich Nalinee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intraocular pressure using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats.Animals studiedBoth eyes of 78 healthy cats were investigated in this study. Cats were divided into two groups: brachycephalic (n = 39) and nonbrachycephalic (n = 39).ProceduresNose position and muzzle ratio were photographically recorded and analyzed. Physical and ophthalmic examinations were performed. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometry instrument. Quantitative mean values were statistically compared using an unpairedt‐test at a significance level ofp < .05.ResultsMean values of the nose position and muzzle ratio were significantly lower in the brachycephalic group (20.14 ± 5.43%, 9.61 ± 3.29%) compared with the nonbrachycephalic group (29.21 ± 4.30%, 13.97 ± 6.01%). The mean intraocular pressure for brachycephalic cats (15.76 ± 0.50 mmHg) was significantly lower (p < .001) than for nonbrachycephalic cats (18.77 ± 0.49 mmHg).ConclusionsIntraocular pressure was significantly lower in brachycephalic cats using the Icare® TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer. Intraocular pressure values obtained in this study could be used as a guideline for measurements obtained using this tonometry device in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats.
Survival and racing performance after surgical treatment of rib fractures in foals
Authors: Velloso Álvarez Ana , Sandow Cole B. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. , Spirito Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the short and long‐term outcomes of foals treated surgically for fractured ribs and variables that may affect outcome.Study designRetrospective.AnimalsSeventy‐three equine neonates with surgically repaired fractured ribs.MethodsMedical records were reviewed to include sex, breed, the side of thorax affected, number of ribs fractured, co‐morbidities directly associated with rib fracture, and surgical technique used. Short‐term outcome was defined as survival to discharge. Long‐term outcome was whether or not they started a race. Race records of maternal siblings were obtained for comparison.ResultsSeventy‐three neonates underwent surgery for fractured ribs. Fifty‐seven neonates (78%) survived to discharge from the hospital. Rib fractures were more commonly observed in colts and in the left hemithorax (61% and 57%, respectively). Sex, side affected, number of ribs fractured, co‐morbidities, number of ribs repaired, and surgical technique did not affect the short‐ or long‐term outcomes. Thirty‐five of 57 (61%) foals treated surgically for rib fractures that survived to discharge started a race compared to 173 of 257 (67%) of maternal siblings that raced.ConclusionsShort‐ and long‐term outcome were not affected by co‐morbidities, surgical technique, or number of fractured ribs.Clinical significanceNeonates with surgically repaired fractured ribs had a good prognosis for survival and and those that survived had a similar chances of starting a race compared to maternal siblings.
Differential signalling induced by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal dentate gyrus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cheng Qing , Lamb Patricia , Stevanovic Korey , Bernstein Briana J. , Fry Sydney A. , Cushman Jesse D. , Yakel Jerrel L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been shown to improve hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. α7 nAChRs are densely expressed among several different cell types in the hippocampus, with high Ca2+ permeability, although it is unclear if α7 nAChRs mobilize differential signalling mechanisms among distinct neuronal populations. To address this question, we compared α7 nAChR agonist‐induced responses (i.e. calcium and cAMP changes) between granule cells and GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus both in vitro and in vivo. In cultured organotypic hippocampal slices, we observed robust intracellular calcium and cAMP increases in dentate granule cells upon activation of α7 nAChRs. In contrast, GABAergic interneurons displayed little change in either calcium or cAMP concentration after α7 nAChR activation, even though they displayed much larger α7 nAChR current responses than those of dentate granule cells. We found that this was due to smaller α7 nAChR‐induced Ca2+ rises in GABAergic interneurons. Thus, the regulation of the Ca2+ transients in different cell types resulted in differential subsequent intracellular signalling cascades and likely the ultimate outcome of α7 nAChR activation. Furthermore, we monitored neuronal activities of dentate granule cells and GABAergic interneurons in vivo via optic fibre photometry. We observed enhancement of neuronal activities after nicotine administration in dentate granule cells, but not in GABAergic neurons, which was absent in α7 nAChR‐deficient granule cells. In summary, we reveal a mechanism for α7 nAChR‐mediated increase of neuronal activity via cell type‐specific intracellular signalling pathways.
imageKey points
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and regulate a variety of brain functions including learning and memory. Understanding the cellular signalling mechanisms of their activations among different neuronal populations is important for delineating their actions in cognitive function, and developing effective treatment strategies for cognitive deficits.
We report that α7 nAChR activation leads to Ca2+ and cAMP increases in granule cells (but not in GABAergic interneurons) in hippocampal dentate gyrus in vitro, a key region for pattern separation during learning.
We also found that nicotine enhanced granule cell (but not in GABAergic interneurons) activity in an α7 nAChR‐dependent manner via in vivo fibre photometry recording.
Based on our findings, we propose that differential responses to α7 nAChR activation between granule cells and GABAergic interneurons is responsible for the increase of excitation by α7 nAChR agonists in hippocampal circuits synergistically.
Measurement and Numerical Simulation of the Velocity Profile in the Thin Film of an Impinging Water Jet
Authors: Joppa Matthias , Bermuske Mike , Rüdiger Frank , Büttner Lars , Fröhlich Jochen , Czarske Juergen W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Impinging circular free-surface water jets are used in challenging cooling and cleaning tasks. In order to develop simulation models for process optimization, validation data are required, which are currently not available. Therefore, the flow field of these jets is studied for the first time with the novel laser Doppler velocity profile sensor. The mean velocity field and fluctuations are measured within the stagnation and adjacent redirection region for radial coordinates up to three times the nozzle diameter. In the examined parameter range with jet velocities up to 17 m/s and nozzle diameters up to 5.2 mm, i.e., Reynolds numbers up to 69 500, thin films of a few hundred micrometers are formed, which hinder the measurement with common optical measuring systems. Based on the measurement results, a comparatively low-cost volume of fluid simulation model is developed and validated that presumes a relaminarized film flow. The profiles measured and the simulated flow show very good agreement. In the future, the simulation model provides a basis for process optimization and the innovative measurement technology used will prospectively provide further detailed insights into other flows with high velocity gradients.