bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep disorders in doctors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korabelnikova E. A. , Vorobieva O. V. , Makarov S. A. , Danilov A. B. 
Published: March 2021

Study. The relationship of sleep disorders with anxiety in practicing neurologists in the context of a pandemic. Goals. To assess the quality of sleep, the level of anxiety and their mutual influence in neurologists.Design. 330 neurologists were interviewed using the GoogleForms service, using the questionnaire "The psychological impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the population is measured using the Psycho-Covid‑19 questionnaire" in partnership with an international group of researchers led by VitoTummino and Dr. FrancoVimercati (Italy). Results. Sleep disorders ranging from mild to very severe were detected in 35% of respondents, which indicates that they have a high risk of insomnia. A statistically significant positive correlation of sleep disorders with both the overall indicator of psychological risk and the possibility of developing psychopathological syndromes is shown. Conclusion. The detection and correction of sleep disorders is important as a preventive measure and for the correction of anxiety disorders in medical professionals.
Clinical and neuroimaging features of chronic cerebral ischemia in polycythemia vera
Authors: Zyrina G. V. , Slyusa T. A. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study. To study clinical and neuroimaging features of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) in polycythemia vera (PV).Materials and methods. 66 patients with PV were examined – the main group (43 men, 23 women; mean age 62.0 ± 3.4 years), of which 64 (97.0%) patients were diagnosed with CCI. The comparison group consisted of 85 patients with CCI (34 men, 51 women; mean age 67.7 ± 4.6 years), who developed against the background of cerebral vascular atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. To identify cognitive disorders, we used Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Insomnia was studied in accordance with the criteria of the International Classification of Sleep ICDS‑22005. The quality of sleep was determined using a questionnaire from the Federal Somnological Center. Neuroimaging (MRI of the brain) was performed on Siemens Symphony 1.5 T and GE Signa 1.5 T tomographs.Results. Subjective symptoms CCI are characterized by a greater representation of asthenic and insomniac disorders. Transient ischemic attacks in patients with PV are significantly more common than in the comparison group, their frequency depends on the duration of PV. The revealed changes in MRI of the brain in the majority of PV patients with CCI are characteristic of multiinfarction vascular encephalopathy; in the comparison group, changes that characteristic for subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy were more often recorded.
1365 İskenderiye Baskını
Authors: AKYURT Songül 
Published: March 2021

Öz
Mısır, Suriye, Hicaz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’da hüküm süren Memlûk Devleti tıpkı selefi Eyyûbîler gibi Haçlıların izlerini Müslüman topraklardan silmek amacıyla onlara karşı cihatı kendilerine vazife bildi. 1291 yılında Akkâ’yı Haçlılardan geri alan Sultan el-Eşref Halil, aynı hızla Saydâ ve Beyrut’u da ele geçirdi. 1291 yılında Akkâ’nın Memlûkler tarafından ele geçirilmesi Haçlıların Memlûk topraklarındaki ticari faaliyetlerini sekteye uğrattı. Haçlılar hem kaybettikleri toprakları geri almak hem de Memlûk Devleti’nden intikam almak amacıyla harekete geçtiler. Bu çalışmada, henüz on yaşında iken tahta oturtulmuş Sultan el-Melik el-Eşref Şaban döneminde Memlûklerden intikam almak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiş olan İskenderiye baskınından ve bu elim saldırının devlete uzun soluklu etkilerinden bahsedilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Mısır, Memlûk Devleti, Sultan Şaban, Haçlılar, İskenderiye Baskını.
ABSTRACT
The Mamluk State, which ruled in Egypt, Syria, Hejaz and South eastern Anatolia, just like its predecessor Ayyubids, took the jihad against the Crusaders in order to erase the traces of them from the Muslim lands. Sultan el-Ashraf Halil, who took Akkâ back from the Crusaders in 1291, also captured Saydâ and Beirut with the same speed. The capture of Akkâ by the Mamluks in 1291 disrupted the Crusaders' commercial activities in the Mamluk lands.The Crusaders took action both to reclaim their lost lands and to take revenge on the Mamluk State. This study, will focus on the Alexandria raid, which was carried out in order to take revenge on the Mamluks during the reign of Sultan al-Malik al-Ashraf Shaban, who was enthroned at the age of ten, and the long-lasting effects of this attack on the state.
Keywords: Egypt, Mamluk State, Sultan Shaban, Crusaders, Alexandria Raid.
Characterizing the Expression Patterns of Parkinson’s Disease Associated Genes
Authors: Li Bin , Zhao Guihu , Li Kuokuo , Wang Zheng , Fang Zhenghuan , Wang Xiaomeng , Luo Tengfei , Zhang Yi , Wang Yijing , Chen Qian , Huang Yuanfeng , Dong Lijie , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha , Li Jinchen 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe expression pattern represents a quantitative phenotype that provides an in-depth view of the molecular mechanism in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the expression patterns of PD-associated genes (PAGs) and their relation to age at onset (AAO) remain unclear.MethodsThe known PD-causing genes and PD-risk genes, which were collected from latest published authoritative meta-analysis, were integrated as PAGs. The expression data from Genotype-Tissue Expression database, Allen Brian Map database, and BrainSpan database, were extracted to characterize the tissue specificity, inhibitory-excitatory neuron expression profile, and spatio-temporal expression pattern of PAGs, respectively. The AAO information of PD-causing gene was download from Gene4PD and MDSgene database.ResultsWe prioritized 107 PAGs and found that the PAGs were more likely to be expressed in brain-related tissues than non-brain tissues and that more PAGs had higher expression levels in excitatory neurons than inhibitory neurons. In addition, we identified two spatio-temporal expression modules of PAGs in human brain: the first module showed a higher expression level in the adult period than in the prenatal period, and the second module showed the opposite features. It showed that more PAGs belong to the first module that the second module. Furthermore, we found that the median AAO of patients with mutations in PD-causing genes of the first module was lower than that of the second module.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provided comprehensive landscape of expression patterns, AAO features and their relationship for the first time, improving the understanding of pathogenesis, and precision medicine in PD.
Історико-правовий аспект розвитку законодавства про прототипи органів, що здійснювали нотаріальну діяльність на землях Русі та в Московії
Authors: Чижиков О. 
Published: March 2021

У статті здійснено ретроспективний аналіз нормативно-правових положень, які врегульовували первісну нотаріальну діяльність. Розглянуто окремі положення Руської Правди, як базисного акту давньої Русі, а також такі документи Галицько-Волинського князівства – Грамоту князя Івана Ростиславовича (1134 р.), «Рукопісаніє» князя Володимира Васильовича (1287 р.), Уставну грамоту Мстислава Романовича (1289 р.). Надано огляд наукової літератури та правових актів, у яких згадується протореєстраційна діяльність та складання окремих актів приватно-правового характеру так званими майданними піддячими (або скорописцями) в Московії.
Кримінально-правова характеристика медичної підстави звільнення від покарання у зв’язку з хворобою
Authors: Поліщук Н. 
Published: March 2021

Інститут звільнення від покарання через хворобу складається з двох самостійних підстав звільнення, медичної і правової. Медична підстава звільнення від покарання ділиться на дві окремих,в залежності від типу настання хвороби (психічна чи інша тяжка хвороба) незалежні одна від одної частини, у зв'язку з психічним розладом (ч. 1 ст. 84 КК України) і в зв'язку з іншою важкою хворобою (ч. 2 ст. 84 КК України).
Конструювання історичного минулого органів державної влади та управління крізь призму сучасних інституційних змін
Authors: Шевченко А. 
Published: March 2021

Рецензія на кн.: Дудченко О. С. Конституційно-правові засади створення й функціонування органів державної влади та управління радянської України в 1920-х – першій половині 1930-х років: монографія; за заг. ред. д. ю. н., професора Г. В. Лаврик. Ніжин : НДУ ім. М. Гоголя, 2019. 405 с.
The Phenomenon of Phonological Follow in Al-Amali Abi Ali Al-Qali’s Book (seq.356 Hijri): A Phonological Study
Authors: Abbas Hind Fadhil 
Published: March 2021

This research discusses the verbal follow phenomenon in Al-Amali Abi Al-Qali’s book (seq.356 Hijri). It aims to limit the examples of this phenomenon in the book, and examine it phonologically. Accordingly, the researcher adopted the analaytical descriptive approach, taking into account Al-Rawi’s letter when ordering the verbal follow-based examples, and the order they took in the book in question. The purposes behind this phonological study of verbal follow in Al-Amali’s book are to: reach the sounds which Arabs prefer in the process of following, confirm different beautiful and desirable senses, have easy and speedy pronunciation, maintain harmony between adjacent sounds, count the sounds that occur at the beginning of the follower- a disputable phonological issue between the follower and following- and spot the phonological change that occurs to the follower. Accordingly, a caution is needed to maintain harmony and homogeneity between two pronunciations to achieve the process of following. Or, the structure of the word follower is changed to match its peer followed word.The study has shown that Al-Qali was the eldest in dealing with the formal aspect of the phenomenon. He pointed to the idea of merging the last letter in the subordinate and the follower, and compared it with a stylistic, artistic, and acoustic characteristic, which is included in the innate rhetoric, i.e., assonance. By that, he has determined the most important formal acoustic features of the rhythmic complex as represented by the endings of the sequences, which have a musical rhythm.
Technology of Education and the Technical Reality of Education in Sudan: Analytical Samples
Authors: Alameen Asmaa Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the technologies of education and their importance, shedding light on their reality and status in Sudan especially in the secondary stage. It has become necessary to invest these technologies and include them in different aspects of the technical education curricula. Such a step helps cope with the innovative scientific development in the advanced countries, qualify professors and technicians, develop the factories and workshops, and create an attractive technical educational environment to the pupils. Thus, the researcher has adopted a descriptive analytical approach that is based on conducting pilot visits to certain technical schools in Al-Khartoum state. Different aspects of such schools were examined, such as: (crafts, commercial, female technical). Moreover, some interviews were made with a purposeful sample of headmasters and teachers of schools, taking into account their notes and suggestions. In addition, the technical education department at the ministry of education was visited to stand upon the workshops' recommendations and the scholarly papers presented in the field of technical education in Sudan. The study finally has concluded that the technical education in Sudan needs much more focus on using modern technology to cope with the scientific development of curriculla, educators and different educational tools. In addition, many parents do not encourage their children to go for such a type of education as they ignore the value of technical education.
The Role of Social Work in Reducing the Phenomenon of Fanaticism
Authors: Jawad Hasan Fadhil 
Published: March 2021

The present study is concerned with the concept of ethics academically. It aims to investigate the major problems that contemporary Iraqi society suffers from; on top of which is the problem of sectarian and religious intolerance. Such a problem has a major role in the emergence of extremism and terrorism. It further destabilizes the security and stability of the country, exposing, as a result, the lives of citizens to the danger of genocide, disintegrating the social structure, stopping the wheel of development, rampant corruption, and deteriorating the political, social, moral and economic situation. Here comes the role of social work as governmental institutions and civil society organizations in curbing this reprehensible phenomenon in the hope of overcoming it. Such a role is in conformity with and implements the developmental, curative, preventive, and ethical objectives of social work, especially in the areas of: awareness, social construction unification, social peace, and of spreading the ethics of tolerance and social justice. It further helps to build the civil state, spreads the spirit of citizenship, and the respect for laws. Moreover, it encourages transforming the principles and human rights charters into a practical and lived reality. The research also summarizes the researcher’s philosophy of (humanity), stating that: it is a single ethic for multiple cultures. It can be a base for actions and relationships within the framework of the optimal approach for the civil state, social work institutions, civil society organizations, local and international bodies and for departments working in the same direction. Such a philoshophy leads to overcome the strenuous obstacles left by sectarian and religious fanaticism in contemporary Iraqi society.
Judicial Legislations and the Tribal Claims System in the Royal Period: A Documentary Study
Authors: Abdul Nabi Ahmed Abdul Wahid 
Published: March 2021

The present research tackles a number of historical facts and incidents with a purely legal dimension in an important stage in the contemporary history of Iraq, especially the era of the British occupation. This resulted in innumerable social, political and legal problems, particularily the judicial legislation problems in Iraq. These legislations included a set of civil laws and in force governmental procedures that will be discussed historically by examining documents issued by the Ministries of Justice and Interior Affairs in the governments of monarchy for the period from 1921-to-1958. The data of the present paper relied on the Iraqi Library and Archives, (hence DKW). The study adopted the narrative historical methodology when investigating the judicial legislations in the royal era from 1921-to-1958. The scale adopted was the contemporary measurement and evaluation in the Iraqi contemporary history. Finally, the results revealed that the history of the penal procedures in the royal era was those multiple attempts to reconcile between the two types of penal procedures that represent the history of the relationship between the individual and the state. Such legislations were set according to the circumstances of each country and to the level of its intellectual, social, political and human development to serve primarily the interests of the British occupation, and fulfill the desires of the influential class in the royal era. Because these legislations and laws were not based on modern scientific theories, many people were wronged, including the judicial authority and legal clerks who complained from their implementation and their continual application on Iraq for all this period.
Unplanned Urbanization and Agricultural Land Degradation in Baghdad City from 2003 to 2017
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Abbas , Abbas Laith Zaid 
Published: March 2021

Several problems have emerged as a result of urban expansion or the connection of urban areas with rural areas. This process has led to the urbanization of rural areas, and to have overlapping edges and margins of areas, which were outside the basic design of the city. Accordingly, the present research assumes that the accelerating growth of Baghdad population has contributed significantly to the process of unplanned urbanization. Thus, the study aims to examine the factors that have led to an increase of urban sprawl at the expense of the agricultural land. The study has thus adopted the descriptive, analytical, and historical approaches relying on the simple linear regression method to predict the phenomenon of urban expansion and its impact on the agricultural land. It has also included illustrative maps used in the preparation of geographic information technology (GIS).The study has concluded that the events of Iraq after 2003, the absence of legal rules, weak legislation, and the successive large immigrations from the countryside to the city have all led directly to a great increase in the process of housing expansion at the expense of agricultural lands. The research recommended the necessity of finding final solutions to the problem of encroachment on agricultural lands, establishing new and low-cost urban housing with full facilities and services, simplifying the procedures of building licensing, and reducing fees.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Personal Deixes in Lyrical Poetry: Ezra Pound's Lyrics "Girl" and "A Virginal"
Authors: Majeed Rimah Muhy 
Published: March 2021

Deixes belong to the field of both semantics and pragmatics as they lie in the edge of these two fields. Pragmatically, they are concerned with the relationship between the structure of a language and the contexts. The present work aims at analyzing the use of deixes using Levinson’s (1983) and Yule's (1996) concept of deixes, where the latter maintained that the referents of the deixes cannot be realized apart from the context where they are used. He added that the contextual information of certain utterances involves information about the participants (the speaker and the addressee), the time and the place. Consequently, a qualitative- descriptive approach has been adopted to meet the objective of the study which reads, “examining the 1st and 2nd person deixes in two of Pound’s lyrics ‘Girl’ and ‘A Virginal’. The study has revealed that knowledge about context affects the manifestation of the referents of deixes and uncovers the ambiguity of understanding the poetic extracts. Pragmatically speaking, the referents of the pronouns cannot be detected in isolation from the context where they are used. It has also been found that the context and the interpretation of the literary text can help in determining the referents of the deixes in terms of person, number and gender. Finally, a great relation appears when the referent of the deixis is realized in accordance with its context.
Pak-Iran Relations: Challenges and Expectations (2001-2012)
Authors: Syed Sajjad Haider  , Dr. Gulzar Ahmad  , Dr. Muhammad Khurshid  
Published: March 2021

This paper endeavors to analyze the relations between Pakistan and Iran, during the ‎past ‎more ‎than seven decades, especially after 9/11. The relations between both countries ‎remained ‎normal and friendly, but with ‎a slight ‎divergence. ‎These relations became very critical ‎after 9/11 ‎due to the huge pressure of the US. There are many areas of divergence between these ‎two countries ‎such as the gas pipeline treaty, diplomatic support of Pakistan in the Iranian nuclear ‎program, trade, and ‎economic issues. In this paper, an attempt has been made to critically ‎highlight and discuss the ‎challenges and expectations emerging after the Islamic revolution and ‎during 2001 to 2012. The ‎core objectives of the study are to know about the nature of Pak-Iran ‎relations in the past, to ‎describe the nature of Pak-Iran relations from 2001-2012, to measure the ‎influence of world ‎powers on Pak-Iran relations to analyze the challenges facing both the ‎countries, etc. Suggestions ‎are also made to improve the relations between both Islamic republics’ countries in the region. Pakistan's and Iran’s concerns and interests are related to the new regional and ‎international atmosphere. New problems and new opportunities have been created for both ‎countries, affecting their bilateral and multilateral relations since the events of September 9, ‎‎2001. The two countries should devote more energy to increase their economic trade, strengthen ‎security cooperation, and identify practical ways to cope with the problems of the region.
Construir sentidos en el umbral. El formato texto-foto-amalgama de Mario Bellatin
Authors: Schmitter Gianna 
Published: March 2021

Se trata de indagar en la relación entre texto y foto –con las palabras de Mario Bellatin el formato texto-foto-amalgama– del ciclo intermedial publicado entre 2008 y 2009 con los títulos “Todos saben que el arroz que cocinamos está muerto. Pequeña autobiografía ilustrada”, Biografía ilustrada de Mishima, Las dos Fridas, Los fantasmas del masajista, así como El libro uruguayo de los muertos (2012). Estas obras mantienen importantes interconexiones: el artículo propone reflexionar sobre las migraciones y recuperación del material fotográfico entre estas publicaciones. Se trabaja a partir de la teoría de la intermedialidad para analizar cómo se construyen y cambian sentidos, lecturas, percepciones y experiencias literarias. En una primera parte se examina el formato texto-foto-amalgama, y en una segunda las migraciones.
María Negroni y la puesta en escena de lo no dicho
Authors: Castro Andrea 
Published: March 2021

La obra de María Negroni se caracteriza por una puesta en diálogo entre géneros y medios desde la escritura. En este trabajo, focalizando en su poema largo La jaula bajo el trapo (1991) y en su novela La Anunciación (2007), se estudia cómo, a través de la representación de otros medios que exceden lo escritural, los textos activan la función conativa del lenguaje y convocan al lector a una posición de espectador, o sea, a asumir el rol del público de teatro ante un espectáculo. Este rol de lector-espectador le permitirá entrar en contacto, a través de una combinación de procesos cognitivos y percepción sensorial, tanto con el lenguaje como con lo no dicho, es decir con esos aspectos de la experiencia y de la memoria que no llegan a formularse con la palabra. A partir de los ejemplos analizados, se puede postular que los textos estudiados invitan a una reflexión, no solo de la limitaciones que presenta el lenguaje en cuanto a sus posibilidades de describir la experiencia, sino también acerca de las de la noción de sujeto y de la idea de subjetividad unitaria de base.
Imaginería fotosensible. Guadalupe Santa Cruz y la escritura con grabado
Authors: García Francisca 
Published: March 2021

A partir de la metáfora “imaginería fotosensible”, el ensayo explora cómo el fotograbado afecta la escritura de la autora chilena Guadalupe Santa Cruz. El grabado no solo implica aquí una técnica artística, sino también una imaginación crítica sobre el movimiento, las huellas y la memoria colectiva. La revisión del programa literario de la autora (ars poetica), permite afirmar que el grabado brinda la principal estrategia para activar la prosa y arraigar la palabra en el contexto de alienación social generalizada en la post-dictadura chilena (década del 90). Si bien planteo que la influencia de esta imaginación del grabado está presente en todo el proyecto literario de la autora, me centro en la revisión de dos novelas: Quebrada: las cordilleras en andas (2007) y la recientemente publicada y póstuma Esta parcela (2015), las cuales incorporan una serie de imágenes impresas.