bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Method Based on Oxide Semiconductor Reduction for Controlling the Photoresponse Characteristic of Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Jung Joohye , Kim Hyung Tae , Choi Dong Hyun , Jung Sujin , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA facile method is presented involving a reducing agent, sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), to control the photoresponse characteristics of oxide semiconductors that detect visible‐light. The method exhibits extraordinary potential for fabricating a diverse range of optoelectronic devices. Due to its weak S–S bond, Na2S2O4 generates excessive subgap states and oxygen vacancies in hafnium–indium–gallium–zinc oxide (HIGZO) thin‐film during the reduction treatment (RDT). It is achievable to finely tune the photoresponse characteristic by adjusting the molarity of Na2S2O4, implying superior applicability of RDT into various applications. First, HIGZO phototransistors with photoresponsivity of 626.32 A W−1, photosensitivity of 3.32 × 107, and detectivity of 7.18 × 1011 Jones under 10 mW mm−2 of red light illumination are fabricated using 0.1 m Na2S2O4. Second, 0.5 m Na2S2O4 is chosen for photomemory‐based neuromorphic devices with a paired‐pulse facilitation index of 142.6% when the input pulse of red light with an intensity of 1 mW mm−2 is introduced. In addition, major synaptic functions such as short‐term memory and long‐term memory behaviors, originated from persistent photoconductivity and depending on sequential pulse condition, are successfully emulated. These results indicate that RDT can control the photoresponse of oxide semiconductors to expand the applicability of oxide semiconductors without using a light absorption layer.
Radical Promoted Synthesis of Furoquinolines via Anomalous Dakin‐Type Reaction
Authors: Sushmita  , Aggarwal Trapti , Saini Kapil Mohan , Verma Akhilesh K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA radical promoted approach for the selective synthesis of furo[3,2‐b]quinolines and benzylidene‐1,3‐dihydrofuro[3,4‐b]quinolines have been achieved from 2‐alkynyl quinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes by fine‐tuning of base and oxidant in good yields. In the presence of an oxidant, the reaction afforded the 5‐endo‐dig cyclized furoquinolines by decarbonylative intramolecular cyclization via a Dakin‐type reaction; however, in the absence of oxidant, 5‐exo‐dig cyclized products were obtained selectively through reductive intramolecular cyclization. The formation of furoquinolines was further supported by X‐ray crystallographic studies. The proposed mechanism was well supported by the control experiments.magnified image
One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolo Polycyclic Systems via Copper‐Catalyzed/TsOH‐Promoted Tandem Annulation of 1,6‐Allenynes with Organic Azides
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhu Yuqi , Zhang Hong , He Jieyin , Li Hongguang , Lang Ming , Wang Jian , Peng Shiyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed/TsOH‐promoted one‐pot tandem annulation of 1,6‐allenynes with organic azides was reported, providing N‐allyl 1,2,3‐triazole‐fused structures in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the late‐stage diversification of the N‐allyl products can be realized by chemoselectively reducing to the N‐alkyl counterparts.magnified image
Porous Lithiophilic Li–Si Alloy‐Type Interfacial Framework via Self‐Discharge Mechanism for Stable Lithium Metal Anode with Superior Rate
Authors: Park Jung Been , Choi Changhoon , Yu Seungho , Chung Kyung Yoon , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium is regarded as an ideal anode for next‐generation Li metal batteries (LMB) as it exhibits extraordinarily high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential among all anode candidates. However, safety concerns and poor cycling stability of Li induced by uncontrollable dendrite growth and severe side reactions impede its practical application for LMB. Although various strategies for fabricating Li anodes have been suggested, developing high‐rate LMB remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, the use of a 3D porous Li–Si alloy‐type interfacial framework (LSIF) created via a “self‐discharge” mechanism with the aid of an electrolyte is proposed here. Exploiting the in situ spontaneous prelithiation, lithiophilic Li15Si4 particles are homogenously arranged to build porous 3D LSIF. The balanced ionic/electronic conducting LSIF serves as a stable Li host, helping to suppress dendrite growth and volume expansion during cycling. The LSIF@Li anode possesses a strong affinity toward Li, rapid Li diffusion kinetics, and low nucleation/diffusion barriers. Moreover, the LSIF@Li symmetric cells are capable of stable cycling (over 1000 cycles) even at an ultrahigh current density (15 mA cm–2). When paired with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 or LiFePO4, LSIF@Li full cells show improved rate capability and long‐term cycling stability (≈2000 cycles) at 10 C.
A modified DSSAT‐CERES model for simulating summer maize growth under film mulching
Authors: Shen Hongzheng , Gao Yan , Guo Fangchen , Wang Yue , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlastic film mulching is an effective agronomic measure for increasing crop yield, and the decision support system for agricultural technology transfer (DSSAT) model is an effective tool for simulating crop growth and water management. However, the DSSAT model does not have a specific soil evaporation module for plastic film mulching. In this paper, a method for estimating soil evaporation capacity under film mulching conditions based on the small hole effect was developed and embedded in the DSSAT model. Then, considering the compensation effect of soil temperature on air temperature under the condition of film mulching, the DSSAT model was modified accordingly. The results show that the average temperature compensation coefficient for 2 yr from sowing to emergence was 0.695 °C, and 0.305 °C from emergence to jointing. The improved DSSAT model can simulate the growth of summer maize (Zea mays L.) and changes in soil water content. Compared with the original model, the average relative RMSE of the simulated and observed soil water content of the modified DSSAT model improved by 2.26 and 1.63%, respectively. The modified model can improve the simulation accuracy, which shows that the method proposed in this paper can provide an effective way for the simulation of crop growth process under film mulching conditions.
DNase Treatment Prevents Cerebrospinal Fluid Block in Early Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Pavan Chiara , L. R. Xavier Anna , Ramos Marta , Fisher Jane , Kritsilis Marios , Linder Adam , Bentzer Peter , Nedergaard Maiken , Lundgaard Iben 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveStreptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis, a disease that, despite treatment with antibiotics, still is associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Diffuse brain swelling is a leading cause of morbidity in S pneumoniae meningitis. We hypothesized that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) disrupt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport by the glymphatic system and contribute to edema formation in S pneumoniae meningitis.MethodsWe used DNase I treatment to disrupt NETs and then assessed glymphatic function by cisterna magna injections of CSF tracers in a rat model of S pneumoniae meningitis.ResultsOur analysis showed that CSF influx into the brain parenchyma, as well as CSF drainage to the cervical lymph nodes, was significantly reduced in the rat model of S pneumoniae meningitis. Degrading NETs by DNase treatment restored glymphatic transport and eliminated the increase in brain weight in the rats. In contrast, first‐line antibiotic treatment had no such effect on restoring fluid dynamics.InterpretationThis study suggests that CSF accumulation is responsible for cerebral edema formation and identifies the glymphatic system and NETs as possible new treatment targets in S pneumoniae meningitis. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:653–669
Low‐Valence Znδ+ (0<δ<2) Single‐Atom Material as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Simin , Zhao Siqi , Lu Xiuyuan , Ceccato Marcel , Hu Xin‐Ming , Roldan Alberto , Catalano Jacopo , Liu Min , Skrydstrup Troels , Daasbjerg Kim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA nitrogen‐stabilized single‐atom catalyst containing low‐valence zinc atoms (Znδ+‐NC) is reported. It contains saturated four‐coordinate (Zn‐N4) and unsaturated three‐coordinate (Zn‐N3) sites. The latter makes Zn a low‐valence state, as deduced from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and density functional theory. Znδ+‐NC catalyzes electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO with near‐unity selectivity in water at an overpotential as low as 310 mV. A current density up to 1 A cm−2 can be achieved together with high CO selectivity of >95 % using Znδ+‐NC in a flow cell. Calculations suggest that the unsaturated Zn‐N3 could dramatically reduce the energy barrier by stabilizing the COOH* intermediate owing to the electron‐rich environment of Zn. This work sheds light on the relationship among coordination number, valence state, and catalytic performance and achieves high current densities relevant for industrial applications.
Biocatalytic C3‐Indole Methylation—A Useful Tool for the Natural‐Product‐Inspired Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindoles
Authors: Schneider Pascal , Henßen Birgit , Paschold Beatrix , Chapple Benjamin P. , Schatton Marcel , Seebeck Florian P. , Classen Thomas , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of bioactive compounds bearing a pyrroloindole framework is often laborious. In contrast, there are several S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM)‐dependent methyl transferases known for stereo‐ and regioselective methylation at the C3 position of various indoles, directly leading to the formation of the desired pyrroloindole moiety. Herein, the SAM‐dependent methyl transferase PsmD from Streptomyces griseofuscus, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of physostigmine, is characterized in detail. The biochemical properties of PsmD and its substrate scope were demonstrated. Preparative scale enzymatic methylation including SAM regeneration was achieved for three selected substrates after a design‐of‐experiment optimization.
Genetic diversity of immature Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles from the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lamont Margaret M. , Moreno Nickolas , Camacho‐Sánchez Fatima Yedith , Acosta‐Sánchez H. Hugo , Glaberman Scott , Reyes‐Lopez Miguel Angel , Chiari Ylenia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is the world’s most endangered sea turtle species. Predominately nesting at only one beach in Mexico, this species declined to an estimated 300 females in the mid‐1980s. Conservation efforts in the United States and Mexico, including a head start programme in southern Texas in which hatchlings were reared in captivity for several months before being released into the wild, resulted in the recovery of this species.
Although genetic data have previously been used to assess the success of the head start programme and dispersal of individual adults, data on immature turtles sampled at foraging areas and adult females sampled at the main nesting beach in Mexico are lacking. Genetic characterization of immature individuals is important for understanding recruitment, survival, and population demography, while genetic data on individuals from Mexico are essential for understanding dispersal and overall genetic diversity in this species.
To address these gaps, mitochondrial DNA data were collected from 106 immature individuals sampled at four different foraging sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico and from 18 nesting females at the primary nesting beach in Mexico.
Two previously unknown mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were discovered among the immature individuals.
Except for these two new haplotypes, the genetic diversity of immature individuals in the northern Gulf of Mexico closely corresponds to that of adults sampled in Mexico, which suggests that much of the diversity within the nesting population can be found among immature animals dispersing to foraging grounds, including locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Continued monitoring of the genetic variation of different life stages of this species across its distribution range will help assess the success of conservation programmes by ensuring the maintenance of genetic diversity and representation of this diversity across the species’ distribution range.
Adaptive dynamic programming‐based decentralized event‐triggered control of large‐scale nonlinear systems
Authors: Hu Chuanhao , Zou Yuanyuan , Li Shaoyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)‐based decentralized event‐triggered control strategy for large‐scale nonlinear systems with event‐triggered scheme to efficiently reduce communication cost and computational burden. Under the event‐triggered mechanism, an local neural networks (NNs)‐based observer is introduced to identify the mismatched interconnections and the estimation error is guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Then, a decentralized triggering condition related to the approximation error of interconnections is designed to reduce the local controller updates with guaranteed overall stabilization of large‐scale systems. By virtue of critic‐only structure, the local optimal control policy can be approximated via aperiodic tuning rule using ADP. In addition, the closed‐loop large‐scale system ensures to be asymptotically stable with adaptive triggering threshold according to Lyapunov method. Finally, the simulation results justify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event‐triggered control (ETC) strategy.
Fast identification of off‐target liabilities in early antibiotic discovery with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ribeiro da Cunha Bernardo , Aleixo Sandra M. , Fonseca Luís P. , Calado Cecília R. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructural modifications of known antibiotic scaffolds have kept the upper hand on resistance, but we are on the verge of not having antibiotics for many common infections. Mechanism‐based discovery assays reveal novelty, exclude off‐target liabilities, and guide lead optimization. For that, we developed a fast and automatable protocol using high‐throughput Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). Metabolic fingerprints of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli exposed to 35 compounds, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or water, were acquired. Our data analysis pipeline identified biomarkers of off‐target effects, optimized spectral preprocessing, and identified the top‐performing machine learning algorithms for off‐target liabilities and mechanism of action (MOA) identification. Spectral bands with known biochemical associations more often yielded more significant biomarkers of off‐target liabilities when bacteria were exposed to compounds dissolved in water than DMSO. Highly discriminative models distinguished compounds with predominant off‐target effects from antibiotics with well‐defined MOA (AUROC > 0.87, AUPR > 0.79, F1 > 0.81), and from the latter predicted their MOA (AUROC > 0.88, AUPR > 0.70, F1 > 0.70). The compound solvent did not affect predictive models. FTIRS is fast, simple, inexpensive, automatable, and highly effective at predicting MOA and off‐target liabilities. As such, FTIRS mechanism‐based screening assays can be applied for hit discovery and to guide lead optimization during the early stages of antibiotic discovery.
Mesenchymal stem cells and local tacrolimus delivery synergistically enhance neurite extension
Authors: Saffari Sara , Saffari Tiam M. , Chan Katelyn , Borschel Gregory H. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and local delivery of tacrolimus (FK506) on nerve regeneration when applied to nerve autografts and decellularized allografts.MethodsA three‐dimensional in vitro compartmented cell culture system consisting of a neonatal dorsal root ganglion adjacent to a nerve graft was used to evaluate the regenerating neurites into the peripheral nerve scaffold. Nerve autografts and allografts were treated with (i) undifferentiated MSCs, (ii) FK506 (100 ng/mL) or (iii) both (N = 9/group). After 48 hours, neurite extension was measured to quantify nerve regeneration and stem cell viability was evaluated.ResultsStem cell viability was confirmed in all MSC‐treated grafts. Neurite extension was superior in autografts treated with FK506, and MSCs and FK506 combined (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively), and autografts treated with MSCs (p = 0.12) were comparable to untreated autografts. In allografts, FK506 treatment and combined treatment were superior to controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively), and treatment with MSCs (p = 0.09) was comparable to controls. All autograft groups were superior compared to their respective allograft treatment group (p < 0.05) in neurite extension.ConclusionsAlone, either MSC or FK506 treatment improved neurite outgrowth, and combined they further enhanced neurite extension in both autografts and allografts.
Retinal Haemorrhages in Childhood Encephalopathies: Review of a Prospective Research Programme
Authors: Minns Robert A. , Jones Patricia A. , Fleck Brian W. , Mulvihill Alan O. 
Published: August 2021

One important cause of retinal haemorrhages (RHs) in children is abusive head trauma (AHT). Our programme of research was conducted on children admitted to hospital over a seven‐year period who had RHs as part of their clinical presentation. This paper summarises important findings from previous publications. As a prerequisite, two basic studies were necessary: (i) a method of reporting the precise location of the RH in the retina; and (ii) defining a simple clinical classification of RHs based on the appearance of the retinal layer involved. Because raised intracranial pressure (RICP) is a frequent secondary brain insult following serious adult head injury, causing hypoxic‐ischaemic injury with a resultant poor outcome, it was considered whether such RICP might also cause RHs in children. Detailed, state‐of‐the‐art monitoring methods were used to investigate this relationship along with retinal imaging. Methodical documentation of the type, area and lifespan of RHs meant that it was possible to address the question of predicting AHT from RH numbers and characteristics, and to describe not only the duration of different layer haemorrhages, but also a previously unreported observation that some RHs transiently enlarge over two to three days before resolving normally.‘One important cause of retinal haemorrhages (RHs) in children is abusive head trauma’Key Practitioner Messages

A new retinal zone classification for research and legal purposes has been developed, as well as a simplified five‐point working classification of RHs, based on existing fundoscopic descriptions.
In this cohort study, a young age and a high ‘dot‐blot’ count (>25 intraretinal haemorrhages) are strong predictors of AHT.
There is a complex association between the burden of intracranial pressure insult and RHs.
Time to resolution of different RHs has been calculated using two‐dimensional RH area pixel counts from sequential retinal imaging. Two patterns of resolution are reported.
Successful determination of imatinib re‐administration dosage by therapeutic drug monitoring in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia initiating dialysis for acute renal dysfunction
Authors: Nakahara Ryosuke , Sumimoto Takahiro , Tanaka Ryota , Ogata Masao , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFixed dose regimen is currently the standard administration method for TKI. However, this case report indicated that TDM may by a useful approach to individualized dosing of TKI for the treatment of CML when initiating dialysis.
Vibrant soundbridge implantation prior to auricular reconstruction with unilateral microtia‐atresia
Authors: Yoshimura Hidekane , Takahashi Masahiro , Iwasaki Satoshi , Shinagawa Jun , Takashimizu Ikkei , Nagai Fumio , Yotsuyanagi Takatoshi , Usami Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe presented the first successful application of VSB implantation prior to auriculoplasty, which can provide hearing improvement in safe conditions and open new strategies for earlier hearing rehabilitation in unilateral microtia‐atresia children.
Plasma amino acids in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Miura Shiroh , Kamada Takashi , Fujioka Ryuta , Yamanishi Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. However, there are currently no accepted biomarkers for ET. This report suggested that concentration of plasma glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and taurine could be biomarkers for ET.
An old friend turned foe: Metformin‐induced diarrhea with resultant symptomatic hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia
Authors: Sharma Avirale , Walsh David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetformin is known for gastrointestinal side effects, but has rarely been associated with diarrhea severe enough to cause symptomatic electrolyte abnormalities and hospitalization. This case illustrates such that occurred despite multiple outpatient encounters for diarrhea. Additionally, this case highlights the importance of a comprehensive medical reconciliation as part of a thorough medical evaluation.
A case report of toxic leukoencephalopathy induced by metronidazole in a woman with surgical site infection
Authors: Faraji Dana Hoorvash , Shojaei Arani Lida , Faraji Ali , Bahmani Kiumars 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetronidazole may rarely cause encephalopathy and neuropathy. In this study, we report a 30‐year‐old post‐partum, ex‐addicted female with leukoencephalopathy due to metronidazole.
Cutaneous ulcers in association with sprue‐like enteropathy secondary to Losartan
Authors: Essien Francis , Wassem Juakiem , Tate Joshua , Roberts Jared 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLosartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) which may cause severe sprue‐like enteropathy (SLE) with skin manifestation. Clinicians should be informed of this side effect and its reversibility after cessation of the drug.
Tension pneumomediastinum and diffuse subcutaneous emphysema with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection requiring operative management for impending airway collapse: A case report
Authors: Lin Kevin P. , Stefaniak Christopher , Bunch Connor M. , March Robert , Zamlut Mahmud , Raza Syed , Osorio Walter , Korzan Josh , Show Jeffery , Mjaess Nicolas , Patel Shivani , Zackariya Sufyan , Sualeh Ali , Wiarda Grant , Al‐Fadhl Hamid , Thomas Anthony V. , Khan Rashid Z. , Gillespie Laura , Walsh Mark M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTension pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection that has increased in incidence with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although traditionally managed with conservative measures, we present the indications and methods for the first operative management of tension pneumomediastinum with concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.