bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Impacts of Mining Development in Wanjiang City Belt on Urban and Rural Environment
Authors: Yin Yue , Yin He-Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper made a general introduction to the industrial and agricultural production, population and physical geography in the Wanjiang City Belt (hereinafter referred to as the Belt) and analyzed the regularity of ore formation, the distribution and characteristics of mineral resources and the status of mining development in the Belt. Besides, it studied the impact of mining development on urban and rural environment of the region, namely damage to soil resources, surface landscape and groundwater, geological disasters, hazards of mine waste water and residues and other types of plant-related pollution. It also put forward specific countermeasures for environmental problems arising from mining development in the Belt from the perspectives of rule by law & management and technology & economy. In addition, it introduced soil pollution in urban and rural areas of the region and ideas and methods for soil environmental governance, taking the Tongling region for example.
Discussion on the Selection and planning of Sewage Outfall Into the sea—a case of Gaoqi Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Bingkun , Jiang Shang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Scientific selection of the sewage outfall into the sea plays an important role in rational utilization of Marine self-purification capacity, reduction of land sewage discharge and ecological risk, and protection of the Marine environment. In this paper, the selection and layout of the sewage outfall into the sea of Gaoqi sewage treatment plant is taken as an example. First, the primary sewage outfall is selected according to the sewage outlet selection and delimiting principle. Then, the hydrodynamic and water quality model is established to predict and analyse the effects of sewage discharge from each primary outfall on marine water quality and sensitive areas of ecological environment. Finally, the final discharge outfall is determined by considering the environmental impact, engineering economic conditions. The results show that the recommended scheme is in line with the Marine function zoning, with good pollutant diffusion conditions, far away from the ecologically sensitive areas, and with the minimum project investment.
Evolution of agricultural urban land-use and dynamic evaluation of benefits
Authors: Xu Miao , Shao Jun , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper starts from the characteristics and driving factors of the land-use evolution in Jianli. The improved TOPSIS method is used to study the dynamic changes, including construction land, agricultural land, and waters and the facilities in Jianli from 2005-2020. Moreover, this paper uses the coupling harmonious degree model to evaluate the degree of coordination of each subsystem. Finally, this paper wants to promote sustainable, coordinated development land-use from domestic circulation in Jianli.
Research on the scheduling of the business mode based on the network freight platform
Authors: Bolin Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
From vehicle carriers to network freight operators, more and more mature enterprises invest into logistics freight. As the key object of the development of logistics and transportation industry at the present stage, multimodal transportation has natural advantages compared with a single road transportation. The article analyzes the network freight operator model. It expounds the business content of network freight platform, discusses the competitive cooperation between multiple network freight operators, analyzes the single transportation mode of network freight operators, obtains the phenomenon of low transportation efficiency and the scheduling of urban and cross-regional types
Application of Statistical Process Control in Engineering Quality Management
Authors: Li Jinmeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The control of the statistical process is to apply statistical techniques to monitor each stage of the production process and to achieve the purpose of improving and ensuring the quality of the product. The basic element of quality control is the control chart. Control chart is a statistical tool to control product quality in the production process, and is the most important method in quality control. Statistical process control is widely used in the quality management of energy, environment, chemical engineering and other fields, and plays a vital role in improving the process and product quality in related fields.
Research on the linkage mechanism and influencing factors of Jiangsu inland shipping and regional economic system
Authors: Liqin Chen , Yongfeng Zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to cater to the new development paradigm, it is increasingly important of inland shipping system to expand domestic demand. Based on the linkage mechanism between inland shipping and regional economy, the index system of coordinated development is constructed, then the coupling coordination degree model of each index weight determined by entropy weighting method is calculated, the coupling correlation degree and coupling coordination scheduling between Jiangsu inland shipping system and regional economy system from 2009 to 2019 are enumerated, the key factors causing coupling effect in the two systems are analyzed by grey correlation analysis at the last. The result shows that the coupling between inland shipping and regional economy in Jiangsu Province has been at a high level for a long time, and the coupling coordination level has experienced a change from maladjustment to benign coupling, showing a trend of steady progress. Container throughput, cargo throughput, iron ore throughput, coal and its products throughput, GDP and per capita GDP are the key factors of the interaction between inland shipping and regional economy in Jiangsu Province. By revealing the linkage mechanism between inland shipping system and regional economic system, some suggestions to promote the coordinated development of regional systems can be put forward.
Corrosion resistance of the dissimilar alloy AL6XN-Inconel 718 in 0.5 M NaCl
Authors: Likhanova Natalya V , Cruz Castañeda Miguel A , Arellanes-Lozada Paulina , Olivares-Xometl Octavio , Lijanova Irina , Arriola-Morales J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the corrosion resistance of the dissimilar alloy AL6XN-Inconel 718 bound by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method was studied. Different alloy zones were analyzed: base materials (BMs), heat affected zones (HAZs) and welds. The effect exerted by the GTAW method on the corrosion resistance displayed by such dissimilar alloy in 0.5 M NaCl was established by means of corrosion studies employing potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The electrochemical results revealed that the alloy HAZs are more susceptible to corrosion due to microstructure changes caused mainly by elements such as Ni, Cr and Mo during the GTAW process.
Design and two-photon direct laser writing of low-loss waveguides, tapers and S-bends
Authors: Baghdasaryan Tigran , Vanmol Koen , Thienpont Hugo , Berghmans Francis , Geernaert Thomas , Van Erps Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite the rapid developments in the field of two-photon polymerization-based direct laser writing, limited attention has been paid to the efficient design of optical waveguide-based building blocks. To fill that gap, we have numerically investigated air-clad waveguides, tapers, and S-bends, with the aim to minimize insertion losses, whilst reducing the device sizes. We have first demonstrated waveguides with square and circular cross-sections that are mode-matched with single-mode optical fibers featuring insertion losses below −0.6 dB and −1.5 dB around 1550 nm for lengths of respectively 0.2 mm and 1 mm. We have also identified parabolic tapers that allow for adiabatic transition between a wide range of input and output waveguide sizes. These shapes allow, for example, tapering down from 15 µm to 2 µm diameter waveguides over a length as short as 43.2 µm. We have fabricated a series of such components and confirmed their nearly lossless performance with insertion loss measurements. Finally, we have designed and optimized S-bends with Bezier curve shapes. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we have fabricated a 160 µm long S-bend that offsets the waveguide axis by 50 µm. The insertion loss of the resulting 400 µm long component, which also included two parabolic tapers, was less than −1.7 dB. Apart from providing design rules and ready-to-use recipes for fabricating low-loss 3D-printed waveguide-based building blocks, we project that our work will spark the development of a series of efficient photonic devices that rely on these components and that can be exploited in diverse application fields.
Hierarchical architectures in reservoir computing systems
Authors: Moon John , Wu Yuting , Lu Wei D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reservoir computing (RC) offers efficient temporal data processing with a low training cost by separating recurrent neural networks into a fixed network with recurrent connections and a trainable linear network. The quality of the fixed network, called reservoir, is the most important factor that determines the performance of the RC system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the hierarchical reservoir structure on the properties of the reservoir and the performance of the RC system. Analogous to deep neural networks, stacking sub-reservoirs in series is an efficient way to enhance the nonlinearity of data transformation to high-dimensional space and expand the diversity of temporal information captured by the reservoir. These deep reservoir systems offer better performance when compared to simply increasing the size of the reservoir or the number of sub-reservoirs. Low frequency components are mainly captured by the sub-reservoirs in later stage of the deep reservoir structure, similar to observations that more abstract information can be extracted by layers in the late stage of deep neural networks. When the total size of the reservoir is fixed, tradeoff between the number of sub-reservoirs and the size of each sub-reservoir needs to be carefully considered, due to the degraded ability of individual sub-reservoirs at small sizes. Improved performance of the deep reservoir structure alleviates the difficulty of implementing the RC system on hardware systems.
A spiking central pattern generator for the control of a simulated lamprey robot running on SpiNNaker and Loihi neuromorphic boards
Authors: Angelidis Emmanouil , Buchholz Emanuel , Arreguit Jonathan , Rougé Alexis , Stewart Terrence , von Arnim Axel , Knoll Alois , Ijspeert Auke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Central pattern generator (CPG) models have long been used to investigate both the neural mechanisms that underlie animal locomotion, as well as for robotic research. In this work we propose a spiking central pattern generator (SCPG) neural network and its implementation on neuromorphic hardware as a means to control a simulated lamprey model. To construct our SCPG model, we employ the naturally emerging dynamical systems that arise through the use of recurrent neural populations in the neural engineering framework (NEF). We define the mathematical formulation behind our model, which consists of a system of coupled abstract oscillators modulated by high-level signals, capable of producing a variety of output gaits. We show that with this mathematical formulation of the CPG model, the model can be turned into a spiking neural network (SNN) that can be easily simulated with Nengo, an SNN simulator. The SCPG model is then used to produce the swimming gaits of a simulated lamprey robot model in various scenarios. We show that by modifying the input to the network, which can be provided by sensory information, the robot can be controlled dynamically in direction and pace. The proposed methodology can be generalized to other types of CPGs suitable for both engineering applications and scientific research. We test our system on two neuromorphic platforms, SpiNNaker and Loihi. Finally, we show that this category of spiking algorithms displays a promising potential to exploit the theoretical advantages of neuromorphic hardware in terms of energy efficiency and computational speed.
Perceptions and experiences of residents and relatives of emergencies in care homes: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Curtis Ffion , Jayawickrama Withanage Iresha Udayangani , Laparidou Despina , Weligamage Dedunu , Kumarawansha Weerapperuma Kankanamge Wijaya Sarathchandra , Ortega Marishona , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their families are important for understanding and improving the quality of emergency care.

Methods
we conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis to understand the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their family members who experienced medical emergencies in a care home setting. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167018). We searched five electronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. Data were synthesised thematically following the Thomas and Harden approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of studies included in this review.

Results
of the 6,140 references retrieved, 10 studies from four countries (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) were included in the review and metasynthesis. All the included studies were assessed as being of good quality. Through an iterative approach, we developed six analytical themes: (i) infrastructure and process requirements in care homes to prevent and address emergencies; (ii) the decision to transfer to hospital; (iii) experiences of transfer and hospitalisation for older patients; (iv) good communication is vital for desirable outcomes; (v) legal, regulatory and ethical concerns and (vi) trusting relationships enabled residents to feel safe.

Conclusions
the emergency care experience for care home residents can be enhanced by ensuring resources, staff capacity and processes for high quality care and trusting relationships between staff, patients and relatives, underpinned by good communication and attention to ethical practice.
Dianthus superbus as a critically endangered species in Latvia: evaluation of its growth conditions and conservation possibilities
Authors: Osvalde Anita , Jakobsone Gunta , Akmane Ieva , Svilāns Andrejs , Dubova Ilze 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dianthus superbus is one of the most endangered species in Latvia and is on the verge of local extinction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inventory previously identified populations of D. superbus in Latvia and to develop activities to conserve this species in accordance with the results obtained in situ. Expeditions on 18 previously documented locations, according to the data of Nature Conservation Agency, revealed only three existing D. superbus localities in Latvia with a significant number of specimens located in the Latgale region near Silenieki. In 2020, for the first time, two more new D. superbus localities were found in the vicinity of these three approved locations. As it is not possible to create micro-reserves in the existing localities which are mainly located either on roadsides or in a cemetery, additional activities are needed to preserve the D. superbus in Latvia. In vitro culture was initiated from shoot explants obtained in situ, from which, in turn, ex vitro plantings were done in the National Botanic Garden (NBG) and the Botanical Garden of the University of Latvia (BG UL). Their quality and compliance with plants in situ were analysed. Overall, it was concluded that the plants grown ex situ were qualitatively equivalent to those obtained in situ, as a very high percentage of seed viability and germination was found both for in situ and ex situ growing D. superbus. Based on the results obtained we could conclude that D. superbus is a species that is able to adapt to different soils with a wide range of nutrient levels, moisture conditions and pH, as long as there are three main preconditions—adequate lighting, low overgrowth of other plant species and non-destructive human activities.
What We Talk about When We Talk about General Principles of Law
Authors: Shao Xuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the current debate on general principles of law, major controversies revolve around the “two-category” approach to this source and its relationship with the other sources. Seeking to disentangle these controversies in light of the rationale behind this source, this paper argues that the formation and identification of general principles are driven by the need for international law to be a coherent legal system; and accordingly, general principles of both categories embody the “implied consent” of States in light of the requirements and conditions of international law. Based on the characters of general principles flowing from this “implied consent”, which distinguishes them from treaties and custom, this article argues that the danger of general principles serving as an easier route for creating obligations for States is overrated; and despite the residual position of general principles under the lex specialis principle, they may complement, sometimes in crucial ways, the other sources and harden into them over time.
Chemical niches and ionoregulatory traits: applying ionoregulatory physiology to the conservation management of freshwater fishes
Authors: Zimmer Alex M , Goss Greg G , Glover Chris N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlterations in water chemistry can challenge resident fish species. More specifically, chemical changes that disrupt ion balance will negatively affect fish health and impact physiological and ecological performance. However, our understanding of which species and populations are at risk from ionoregulatory disturbances in response to changing freshwater environments is currently unclear. Therefore, we propose a novel framework for incorporating ionoregulatory physiology into conservation management of inland fishes. This framework introduces the concepts of fundamental chemical niche, which is the tolerable range of chemical conditions for a given species based on laboratory experiments, and realized chemical niche, which is the range of chemical conditions in which a species resides based on distribution surveys. By comparing these two niches, populations that may be at risk from ionoregulatory disturbances and thus require additional conservation considerations can be identified. We highlight the potential for commonly measured ionoregulatory traits to predict fundamental and realized chemical niches but caution that some traits may not serve as accurate predictors despite being important for understanding ionoregulatory mechanisms. As a sample application of our framework, the minimum pH distribution (realized niche) and survival limit pH (fundamental niche) of several North American fishes were determined by systematic review and were compared. We demonstrate that ionoregulatory capacity is significantly correlated with a realized niche for many species, highlighting the influence of ionoregulatory physiology on fish distribution patterns along chemical gradients. Our aim is that this framework will stimulate further research in this field and result in a broader integration of physiological data into conservation management decisions for inland waters.
Recovering the Voice in Our Techno-Social World: On the Phone
Authors: Errera Kelly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecovering the Voice in Our Techno-Social World: On the Phone serves as an exemplar and timely work that calls attention to several consequences of our techno-social world, most notably, the loss of voice. Eicher-Catt argues that the field of human communication study is largely preoccupied with the textual and visual realms of communication, and thereby neglects the vibrant medium of the voice. Upon review, Recovering the Voice proves to be an innovative and detailed call of attention to the auditory, sonorous voice in a world of technology, new media, and cyberspace. The book’s clear and persuasive exigency points to a re-enchantment with the voice in a world that seems to be becoming more and more voiceless.
Impairment of mitophagy and autophagy accompanies calcific aortic valve stenosis favouring cell death and the severity of disease
Authors: Morciano Giampaolo , Patergnani Simone , Pedriali Gaia , Cimaglia Paolo , Mikus Elisa , Calvi Simone , Albertini Alberto , Giorgi Carlotta , Campo Gianluca , Ferrari Roberto , Pinton Paolo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
In the last 15 years, some observations tried to shed light on the dysregulation of the cellular self-digestion process in calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), but the results obtained remain still controversial. This work is aimed to definitively establish the trend of autophagy in patients affected by CAVS, to analyse the putative involvement of other determinants, which impact on the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and to explore possible avenues for pharmacological interventions in the treatment of CAVS.

Methods and results
This observational study, performed exclusively in ex vivo human samples (cells and serum), by using biochemical approaches and correlations with clinical data, describes new biological features of the calcified valve in terms of mitochondrial dysfunctions. In detail, we unveiled a significant deficiency in mitochondrial respiration and in ATP production coupled to increase production of lactates. In addition, mitochondrial population in the pathologic group is aged with significant alterations in biogenesis and mitophagy pathways. We are also reporting an updated view about autophagy accompanying the calcification process and advanced stages of the disease. We provided evidence for a rapamycin-based therapeutic strategy to revert the calcified phenotype to the wild type one.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the CAVS phenotype is featured by defects in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and that autophagy is not activated enough to counteract cell death and sustain cell functions. Thus, boosting autophagy and mitophagy from short- to long-term reverts quite all pathological phenotypes.