bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging predicts clinicopathological parameters and stages of endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Wu Chia‐Ying , Tai Yi‐Jou , Shih I‐Lun , Chiang Ying‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Li , Hsu Heng‐Cheng , Cheng Wen‐Fang 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated the agreement and accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with postoperative pathological characteristics and stages of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC).MethodsWe recruited 527 women with EEC who underwent staging surgery at a single medical institution. The preoperative MRI, stages, and clinical and pathological parameters, including myometrial invasion (MI), cervical invasion (CI), adnexal metastasis (AM), intra‐abdominal metastasis, and pelvic and/or para‐aortic nodal metastasis, were recorded and analyzed. The agreement and accuracy between the preoperative MRI findings and these parameters and stages were assessed.ResultsThe rate of the preoperative MRI‐based clinical stage matching the postoperative surgical stage was 85.2% in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA, 51.9% in stage IB, 35.5% in stage II, 5.3% in stage IIIA, 33.3% in stage IIIB, 28.6% in stage IIIC1, 64.3% in stage IIIC2, and 93.8% in stage IVB. The consistency between radiologists and pathologists was 80.5% for deep MI, 91.5% for cervical invasion, 92.2% for adnexal metastasis, 98.9% for intra‐abdominal metastasis, and 87.5% and 92.2% for pelvic and para‐aortic nodal metastases, respectively. The negative predictive value of intra‐abdominal metastasis was the highest with 99.8%.ConclusionsPreoperative MRI could be an excellent tool for routine preoperative assessment to predict pathological parameters and stages of EEC, especially in excluding intra‐abdominal metastatic disease.
A simple strategy for sample annotation error detection in cytometry datasets
Authors: Smithmyer Megan E. , Wiedeman Alice E. , Skibinski David A. G. , Savage Adam K. , Acosta‐Vega Carolina , Scheiding Sheila , Gersuk Vivian H. , O'Rourke Colin , Long S. Alice , Buckner Jane H. , Speake Cate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMislabeling samples or data with the wrong participant information can affect study integrity and lead investigators to draw inaccurate conclusions. Quality control to prevent these types of errors is commonly embedded into the analysis of genomic datasets, but a similar identification strategy is not standard for cytometric data. Here, we present a method for detecting sample identification errors in cytometric data using expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. We measured HLA‐A*02 and HLA‐B*07 expression in three longitudinal samples from 41 participants using a 33‐marker CyTOF panel designed to identify major immune cell types. 3/123 samples (2.4%) showed HLA allele expression that did not match their longitudinal pairs. Furthermore, these same three samples' cytometric signature did not match qPCR HLA class I allele data, suggesting that they were accurately identified as mismatches. We conclude that this technique is useful for detecting sample‐labeling errors in cytometric analyses of longitudinal data. This technique could also be used in conjunction with another method, like GWAS or PCR, to detect errors in cross‐sectional data. We suggest widespread adoption of this or similar techniques will improve the quality of clinical studies that utilize cytometry.
Convective nanofluid flow over a vertical cone with a rough surface
Authors: Patil P. M. , Doddagoudar Shivanandappa H. , Hiremath P. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent literature, the analysis of a combined convective flow over a cone has received a lot of attention. To explore the convection effects of flow over a cone in greater detail, in this investigation, we have considered a cone with a rough surface, which is entirely a new flow problem. Recent studies have shown the influence of roughness on fluid flow over several geometries, but flow over a rough conical surface has not been studied so far. In addition, we have analyzed the effects of nanoparticles, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), and suction/blowing, which could have significant impacts on characteristics of fluid flow over the cone with a rough surface. Initially, the governing equations, which are partial differential equations with a high degree of nonlinearity, are nondimensionalized through Mangler's transformations. Later, linear equations are obtained via the method of quasilinearization, which is then solved numerically through finite difference approximations. The roughness of the cone's surface has notable effects on fluid flow, that too away from the origin. In fact, the roughness increases the friction at the cone's surface. Furthermore, the magnetic field applied at the wall increases the surface friction. Thus, the combination of roughness and MHD helps delay the boundary layer separation. On the other hand, the suction reduces the temperature of the fluid and increases the energy transport strength, while the thermophoresis parameter exhibits the contrary nature. Therefore, the combined consideration of these two could enhance energy transport strength in several industrial applications.
Evaluating child maltreatment and family violence risk during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Using a telehealth home visiting program as a conduit to families
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Marcus Stevan , Reuben Katherine , Whitaker Daniel , Self‐Brown Shannon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected many child maltreatment risk factors and may have affected maltreatment among vulnerable families. We surveyed 258 certified providers of an evidence‐based home visiting program, SafeCare, about their perception of the impact of the pandemic on the families they serve. We examined if the providers perceived an overall change in child maltreatment and family violence risk among the families with young children they served and factors that may have contributed to changes. Regressions estimated the relationship between providers’ assessment of families’ ability to social distance, emotional struggles, and access to public resources/services with providers’ perception of child maltreatment and family violence risk in the home. Findings indicate that 87% of providers believed maltreatment risk had increased during the pandemic. Providers serving families who were unable to social distance due to employment were more likely to report increased supervisory neglect and material neglect among the families they serve. Providers reporting that families were struggling with elevated frustration levels also reported more family conflict and material neglect among the families they serve. Results from this research can inform strategic decision‐making for policies and programs that address the challenges low‐income families with young children face in emergency situations.
Investigation of creep properties and the cytoskeletal structures of non‐tumorigenic breast cells and triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Onwudiwe Killian , Obayemi John , Hu Jingjie , Oparah Josephine , Onyekanne Chinyerem , Nwazojie Chukwudalu , Aina Toyin , Uzonwanne Vanessa , Salifu Ali , Soboyejo Winston 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents the correlation of creep and viscoelastic properties to the cytoskeletal structure of both tumorigenic and non‐tumorigenic cells. Unique shear assay and strain mapping techniques were used to study the creep and viscoelastic properties of single non‐tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells. At least 20 individual cells, three locations per cell, were studied. From the results, lower densities in the volume of actin, and keratin 18 structures were observed with the progression of cancer and were correlated to the increased creep rates and reduced mechanical properties (Young's moduli and viscosities) of tumorigenic (MDA‐MB‐231) cells. The study reveals significant differences between the creep and viscoelastic properties of non‐tumorigenic breast cells versus tumorigenic cells. The variations in the creep strain rates are shown to be well characterized by lognormal distributions, while the statistical variations in the viscoelastic properties are well‐described by normal distributions. The implications of the results are discussed for the study of discrete cell behaviors, strain and viscoelastic responses of the cell, and the role of cell cytoskeleton in the onset and progression of cancers.
The 2021 fed pivot and the macro consequences of non‐transitory inflation
Authors: Tokic Damir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Federal Reserve has a dual mandate of 1) price stability and 2) full employment, which are sometimes contradictory and difficult to achieve simultaneously. Thus, in certain macro environments, the Fed has to prioritize one mandate at the cost of the other. In 2021, after a long period of prioritizing the full employment mandate, the Fed had acknowledged that the building inflationary pressures are likely non‐transitory, which signals that the Fed has potentially made the policy pivot to prioritize the inflation mandate. This article discusses the likely macro consequences of the 2021 Fed pivot.
A quantitative gain‐independent assessment of the left atrial appendage as a method of thromboembolic risk stratification
Authors: Slostad Brody , Lee Kevin , Trybula Michael , Konda Sreenivas , Macrinici Victor , Frazin Leon , Kansal Mayank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVisual assessment of the left atrial appendage (LAA) by echocardiography for the presence of thrombus is inherently qualitative. However, whether quantitative assessments can provide increased value over qualitative assessment has not been thoroughly examined.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐eight patients (mean age 59 ± 13 years, 70% male) undergoing transesophageal echocardiography prior to pulmonary vein isolation or electrical cardioversion were retrospectively studied. LAA were examined by two expert readers and identified as thrombus, sludge, spontaneous echocardiograph contrast, or normal. LAA were then separately examined to calculate a gain‐independent ratio between the average pixel density of the LAA cavity and that of the LAA wall (C/W ratio).ResultsC/W ratio was significantly related with qualitative LAA analysis (p < 0.0001) and with thromboembolic events (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.095–2.347, p = 0.02). The C/W ratio (AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.86) was a reliable predictor for future thromboembolic events when compared to expert reader LAA assessment (Expert Reader 1 AUC = 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; Expert Reader 2 AUC = 0.69).ConclusionsThe C/W ratio may be a complementary method to adjudicate thromboembolic risk in patients with AF that is readily quantifiable at time of TEE.
A convenient separation strategy for fungal anthraquinones by centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Hammerle Fabian , Zwerger Michael , Höck Anja , Ganzera Markus , Peintner Ursula , Siewert Bianka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs recently shown, some fungal pigments exhibit significant photoactivity turning them into promising agents for the photodynamic treatment of microbial infections or malignant diseases. In the present study, a separation strategy for fungal anthraquinones was developed based on centrifugal partition chromatography. A suitable method was explored employing a methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Cortinarius sanguineus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). An excellent fractionation was achieved using a biphasic solvent system comprising chloroform/ethyl acetate/methanol/water/acetic acid (3:1:3:2:1, v/v/v/v/v) operating in ascending mode. Experiments on an analytical scale with extracts of closely related Cortinarius species exhibited broad applicability of the devised system. Up to six pigments could be purified directly from the crude extract. Preparative‐scale fractionation of the methanol extracts of C. malicorius and C. sanguineus demonstrated that up‐scaling was possible without compromising selectivity.
Changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and their carbon‐cycle genes following the conversion of primary broadleaf forests to plantations and secondary forests
Authors: Luo Xianzhen , Wen Dazhi , Hou Enqing , Zhang Lingling , Li Yue , He Xianjin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe soil organic carbon (C) cycle is primarily mediated by soil microorganisms and their genes that function in the C cycle (C‐cycle genes), both of which are strongly affected by land cover disturbance. However, the mechanism underlying microbially mediated soil C loss after conversion of primary natural broadleaf forests (BF) to plantation forests (PF) and secondary forests (SF) remains unknown. Here, we measured soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community properties, and examined their linkages with microbial C‐cycle genes. Forest conversion dramatically decreased the richness of the soil fungal community but not of the bacterial community, and altered the composition of both communities. Analysis of C‐cycle genes revealed that the abundance of genes associated with C fixation, methane metabolism, and C degradation decreased by 51.3%, 57.9%, and 67.0%, respectively with the conversion of BF to PF; and by 6.3%, 4.1%, and 15.6%, respectively, with the conversion of BF to SF. The reductions in the abundance of C‐cycle genes, especially the reduction of hemicellulose‐ and lignin‐degradation genes, were primarily associated with the declines in the abundance of forest conversion‐sensitive microbes indexed by operational taxonomic units (fsOTUs, = 0.41). fsOTUs were taxonomically diverse and included members frequently co‐occurring with numerous other microbes in the microbial communities, indicating that the manipulation of fsOTUs by forest management could improve soil fertility and soil C sequestration. Forest conversion‐induced shifts in fsOTUs abundance were associated with changes in soil potassium permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (PXC) concentration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and soil pH. Our results indicate that alterations in soil substrate supply (e.g., DOC and PXC) and soil pH induced by forest conversion may strongly shape fsOTUs structure and decrease the abundance of hemicellulose and lignin degradation genes, and consequently increase C loss.
Pond methane dynamics, from microbial communities to ecosystem budget, during summer in Alaska
Authors: Vizza Carmella , Jones Stuart E. , Hart Julia A. , West William E. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPonds play a larger role in the global freshwater methane (CH4) budget than predicted from surface area alone. To improve our understanding of pond CH4 dynamics, we measured summer CH4 production, concentrations, and emissions to the atmosphere in nine Alaskan wetland ponds along with potential physical, chemical, and biological regulators. Pond CH4 production (0.64, 0.086–1.3 mmol m−2 d−1; median, interquartile range), as assessed with slurry incubations, was positively related to water‐column temperature and chlorophyll a (Chl a), negatively influenced by oxygen levels, and varied with microbial community structure. Average water‐column CH4 concentrations (0.39, 0.21–0.87 μmol L−1) were lower in deeper ponds and at higher oxygen levels, and as expected, they were correlated with diffusive emissions (0.055, 0.024–0.20 mmol m−2 d−1) assessed with flux chambers. Based on a mass balance approach, 39–99% of CH4 produced in ponds was oxidized. Pond ebullition (3.7, 0.60–24 mmol m−2 d−1) was higher and more variable than diffusive emissions. Additionally, pond ebullition rates were better correlated with production rates from the previous month. We also systematically compared the ratio of ebullition to diffusive CH4 emissions in our ponds and other northern lakes, which was negatively related to water depth (n = 71), but positively related to Chl a (n = 28). Our study sheds light on the factors that influence pond CH4 dynamics and demonstrates that pond ebullition is a significant CH4 source worthy of continued study.
Self‐Assembled Polymeric Materials: Design, Morphology, and Functional‐Oriented Applications
Authors: Hu Shoukui , Yan Jinhao , Yang Guangwei , Ma Chao , Yin Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis Review focuses on the current research advances of the synthesis of various amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs), such as conventional ABCs and newly presented polyprodrug amphiphiles, and the development of corresponding self‐assemblies in selective solvents driven by the intermolecular interactions, like noncovalent hydrophobic interactions, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonds, between ABCs or preformed small polymeric nanoparticles. The design of these assemblies is systematically introduced, and the diverse examples concerning the unique assembly structures along with the fast development of their exclusive properties and various applications in different fields are discussed. Possible perspectives on the existential challenges and glorious future are elucidated finally. It is hoped that this Review will provide a convenient way for readers to motivate more evolutional innovative concepts and methods to design next generation of novel polymeric nanoassemblies, and fill the gap between material design and practical applications.
Analysis of vitamin D metabolic markers by mass spectrometry: Recent progress regarding the “gold standard” method and integration into clinical practice
Authors: Alexandridou Anastasia , Schorr Pascal , Stokes Caroline S. , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is firmly established today as the gold standard technique for analysis of vitamin D, both for vitamin D status assessments as well as for measuring complex and intricate vitamin D metabolic fingerprints. While the actual mass spectrometry technology has seen only incremental performance increases in recent years, there have been major, very impactful changes in the front‐ and back‐end of MS‐based vitamin D assays; for example, the extension to new types of biological sample matrices analyzed for an increasing number of different vitamin D metabolites, novel sample preparation techniques, new powerful chemical derivatization reagents, as well the continued integration of high resolution mass spectrometers into clinical laboratories, replacing established triple‐quadrupole instruments. At the same time, the sustainability of mass spectrometry operation in the vitamin D field is now firmly established through proven analytical harmonization and standardization programs. The present review summarizes the most important of these recent developments.
Numerical Study of Residual Stresses Due to External Cooling in Extruded Polymer Profiles
Authors: Spanjaards Michelle M. A. , Hulsen Martien A. , Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProfile extrusion is a production technique to make polymer profiles and hollow tubes. At a certain distance after the die exit the polymer extrudate is guided into a cooling chamber, where the polymer is cooled extensively to set the part dimensions. Uniform cooling in the cooling chamber is required to avoid warpage and twisting of the extrudate due to differential shrinkage. The effect of extrudate cooling on the shape of the extrudate and the residual stresses in the final extrudate product are numerically studied. Two different cases are studied: a 2D axisymmetric problem of a viscoelastic fluid exiting an annular die and a 3D problem of a hollow square shaped die. The extrudate is extensively cooled from a distance from the die exit. Extrudate cooling is modeled by subjecting the extrudate to heat loss via convection. For the Nusselt number Nu is fixed to 1 to represent the part of the extrudate in between the die exit and the entrance of the cooling chamber. For the Nusselt number is varied to mimic different cooling speeds. The Weissenberg number Wi, the Nusselt number and are varied in this work. Results show that for high values of Wi a significant skin‐effect of high residual stresses appear near the extrudate edges for high Nusselt numbers and small values of . It is also shown that for high Weissenberg numbers the shape of the extrudate is significantly altered due to extrudate swell, when the extrudate is cooled slower. For fast cooling and small values of , the polymer does not have time to relax and the elastic stresses are “frozen in.” This leads to less extrudate swell but large residual stresses near the extrudate edges.
Hybrid energy harvester based on dual band transparent dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Yu Bu‐Yun , Lu Wei‐Bing , Tseng Kuo‐Chen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents a compact hybrid solar and radio frequency (RF) energy harvester based on dual‐band transparent dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA). It integrates with an amorphous silicon solar cell film, a TDRA and a rectifier circuit. The TDRA replaces the glass protective of the traditional solar cell to prevent the solar cell from being oxidized and damaged and also can efficiently harvest electromagnetic (EM) waves, which achieves harvesting solar and RF energy at the same time. The measured results show that the TDRA can reach impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of 2.37–3.03 GHz and 3.41–3.88 GHz and the realized gain of 4.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 5.95 dBi at 3.6 GHz. The efficiency of the rectifier can reach 60% and 40% at two resonance frequencies, respectively. The results prove that under weak lighting conditions, the hybrid harvester has a higher DC output power compared with the RF‐only or solar‐only energy harvester. Thus, it can be well applied to wireless sensors and Internet of Things devices.
Applying the recommended indicators for the diagnosis of preterm and neonatal malnutrition: Answers to frequently asked questions
Authors: Goldberg Dena L. , Becker Patricia J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2018, a committee of expert preterm/neonatal registered dietitian nutritionists published recommended indicators for the diagnosis of malnutrition in preterm infants and neonates. This was in response to a need for indicators appropriate to the preterm/neonatal population, given the emphasis on diagnosing malnutrition in the pediatric and adult population. Since the publication, the authors have received numerous questions regarding the application and use of the indicators. This paper answers questions regarding the three categories of indicators and billing and reimbursement. The goal is to develop uniformity in the application of the malnutrition indicators for quality improvement and research efforts.