bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep-inspirational breath-hold (DIBH) technique in left-sided breast cancer: various aspects of clinical utility
Authors: Gaál Szilvia , Kahán Zsuzsanna , Paczona Viktor , Kószó Renáta , Drencsényi Rita , Szabó Judit , Rónai Ramóna , Antal Tímea , Deák Bence , Varga Zoltán 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Studying the clinical utility of deep-inspirational breath-hold (DIBH) in left breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) was aimed at focusing on dosimetry and feasibility aspects.

Methods
In this prospective trial all enrolled patients went through planning CT in supine position under both DIBH and free breathing (FB); in whole breast irradiation (WBI) cases prone CT was also taken. In 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plans heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast doses were analyzed. The acceptance of DIBH technique as reported by the patients and the staff was analyzed; post-RT side-effects including radiation lung changes (visual scores and lung density measurements) were collected.

Results
Among 130 enrolled patients 26 were not suitable for the technique while in 16, heart or LAD dose constraints were not met in the DIBH plans. Among 54 and 34 patients receiving WBI and postmastectomy/nodal RT, respectively with DIBH, mean heart dose (MHD) was reduced to < 50%, the heart V25 Gy to < 20%, the LAD mean dose to < 40% and the LAD maximum dose to about 50% as compared to that under FB; the magnitude of benefit was related to the relative increase of the ipsilateral lung volume at DIBH. Nevertheless, heart and LAD dose differences (DIBH vs. FB) individually varied. Among the WBI cases at least one heart/LAD dose parameter was more favorable in the prone or in the supine FB plan in 15 and 4 cases, respectively; differences were numerically small. All DIBH patients completed the RT, inter-fraction repositioning accuracy and radiation side-effects were similar to that of other breast RT techniques. Both the patients and radiographers were satisfied with the technique.

Conclusions
DIBH is an excellent heart sparing technique in breast RT, but about one-third of the patients do not benefit from that otherwise laborious procedure or benefit less than from an alternative method.
Trial registration: retrospectively registered under ISRCTN14360721 (February 12, 2021)
Genetic variant of MIR4300HG is associated with progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Dai Zhicheng , Wu Zhichong , Feng Zhenhua , Liu Zhen , Sun Xu , Xu Leilei , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A recent genome-wide association study identified a susceptible locus in MIR4300HG gene that was associated with curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the Japanese population. However, the association between the gene and curve progression in other populations remains unclear.

Methods
A cohort of 1952 AIS patients and 2495 healthy controls were included in the case-control analysis. In the case-only analysis, 747 patients were assigned to the progression group and 520 patients were assigned to the non-progression group, respectively. Rs35333564 was genotyped for all the subjects. Paraspinal muscles of 76 patients were collected for the analysis of gene expression. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used for the intergroup comparison. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the gene expression and curve magnitude.

Results
Variant rs35333564 was significantly associated with the curve severity of AIS (p = 0.025), but not the development of AIS (p = 0.418). Genotype GG was indicated by remarkably lower expression of MIR4300 (p = 0.020) which was significantly correlated with curve magnitude (p = 0.010). As a predicted target gene of MIR4300, the expression of CRTC1 was negatively correlated with MIR4300 expression (p = 0.012, r = −0.287) and positively correlated with curve severity (p = 0.025, r = 0.257).

Conclusions
The association between rs35333564 and curve progression was successfully replicated in a Chinese AIS population. CRTC1 may be the target gene of MIR4300 that plays a role in the curve progression of AIS.
Soufeng sanjie formula alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Hua Di , Yang Jie , Meng Qinghai , Ling Yuanyuan , Wei Qin , Wang Zhigang , Wei Qingyun , Chen Jiao , Ye Juan , Han Xuan , Su Kelei , Kong Weikang , Xu Chao , Cao Peng , Hu Chunping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Soufeng sanjie formula (SF), which is composed of scolopendra (dried body ofScolopendra subspinipes mutilansL. Koch), scorpion (dried body ofButhus martensiiKarsch), astragali radix (dried root ofAstragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge), and black soybean seed coats (seed coats ofGlycine max(L.) Merr), is a traditional Chinese prescription for treating RA. However, the mechanism of SF in treating RA remains unclear. This study was aim to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of SF in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and explore the mechanism by which SF alleviates arthritis in CIA mice.MethodsFor in vivo studies, female DBA/1J mice were used to establish the CIA model, and either SF (183 or 550 mg/kg/day) or methotrexate (MTX, 920 mg/kg, twice/week) was orally administered to the mice from the day of arthritis onset. After administration for 30 days, degree of ankle joint destruction and serum levels of IgG and inflammatory cytokines were determined. The balance of Th17/Treg cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Moreover, the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR) γt and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3, Tyr705) in the spleen were detected by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the effect of SF on Th17 cells differentiation in vitro was investigated in CD4+T cells under Th17 polarization conditions.ResultsSF decreased the arthritis score, ameliorated paw swelling, and reduced cartilage loss in the joint of CIA mice. In addition, SF decreased the levels of bovine collagen-specific IgG in sera of CIA mice. SF decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A) and increased the level of IL-10 both in the sera and the joint of CIA mice. Moreover, SF treatment rebalanced the Th17/Treg ratio in the spleen and lymph nodes of CIA mice. SF also reduced the expression levels of ROR γt and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) in the spleen of CIA mice. In vitro, SF treatment reduced Th17 cell generation and IL-17A production and inhibited the expression of RORγt, IRF4, IL-17A, and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) under Th17 polarization conditions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SF exhibits anti-arthritic effects and restores Th17/Treg homeostasis in CIA mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation.
Urine-derived induced pluripotent/neural stem cells for modeling neurological diseases
Authors: Shi Tianyuan , Cheung Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeurological diseases are mainly modeled using rodents through gene editing, surgery or injury approaches. However, differences between humans and rodents in terms of genetics, neural development, and physiology pose limitations on studying disease pathogenesis in rodent models for neuroscience research. In the past decade, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) by reprogramming somatic cells offers a powerful alternative for modeling neurological diseases and for testing regenerative medicines. Among the different somatic cell types, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are an ideal cell source for iPSC and iNSC reprogramming, as USCs are highly proliferative, multipotent, epithelial in nature, and easier to reprogram than skin fibroblasts. In addition, the use of USCs represents a simple, low-cost and non-invasive procedure for generating iPSCs/iNSCs. This review describes the cellular and molecular properties of USCs, their differentiation potency, different reprogramming methods for the generation of iPSCs/iNSCs, and their potential applications in modeling neurological diseases.
Venetoclax and Daratumumab combination treatment demonstrates pre-clinical efficacy in mouse models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mistry Jayna J , Hellmich Charlotte , Lambert Amelia , Moore Jamie A , Jibril Aisha , Collins Angela , Bowles Kristian M , Rushworth Stuart A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an incurable malignancy despite recent advances in treatment. Recently a number of new therapies have emerged for the treatment of AML which target BCL-2 or the membrane receptor CD38. Here, we show that treatment with Venetoclax and Daratumumab combination resulted in a slower tumor progression and a reduced leukemia growth both in vitro and in vivo. These data provide evidence for clinical evaluation of Venetoclax and Daratumumab combination in the treatment of AML.
Simulated aeromedical evacuation exacerbates burn induced lung injury: targeting mitochondrial DNA for reversal
Authors: Xiao Meng-Jing , Zou Xiao-Fang , Li Bin , Li Bao-Long , Wu Shi-Jian , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Aeromedical evacuation of patients with burn trauma is an important transport method in times of peace and war, during which patients are exposed to prolonged periods of hypobaric hypoxia; however, the effects of such exposure on burn injuries, particularly on burn-induced lung injuries, are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on burn-induced lung injuries and to investigate the underlying mechanism using a rat burn model.

Methods
A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 in each group): sham burn (SB) group, burn in normoxia condition (BN) group, burn in hypoxia condition (BH) group, and burn in hypoxia condition with treatment intervention (BHD) group. Rats with 30% total body surface area burns were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (2000 m altitude simulation) or normoxia conditions for 4 h. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was administered systemically as a treatment intervention. Systemic inflammatory mediator and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) levels were determined. A histopathological evaluation was performed and the acute lung injury (ALI) score was determined. Malonaldehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome level were determined in lung tissues. Data among groups were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test post hoc analysis.

Results
Burns resulted in a remarkably higher level of systemic inflammatory cytokines and mtDNA release, which was further heightened by hypobaric hypoxia exposure (P < 0.01). Moreover, hypobaric hypoxia exposure gave rise to increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression, MDA content, and MPO activity in the lung (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Burn-induced lung injuries were exacerbated, as shown by the histopathological evaluation and ALI score (P < 0.01). Administration of DNase I markedly reduced mtDNA release and systemic inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome level in lung tissues was decreased and burn-induced lung injury was ameliorated (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our results suggested that simulated aeromedical evacuation further increased burn-induced mtDNA release and exacerbated burn-induced inflammation and lung injury. DNase I reduced the release of mtDNA, limited mtDNA-induced systemic inflammation, and ameliorated burn-induced ALI. The intervening mtDNA level is thus a potential target to protect from burn-induced lung injury during aeromedical conditions and provides safer air evacuations for severely burned patients.
Intravital microscopy imaging of kidney injury and regeneration
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Zongjin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical symptom, which is mainly manifested by elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. When AKI is not repaired in time, the patient is prone to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney is composed of more than 30 different cells, and its structure is complex. It is extremely challenging to understand the lineage relationships and cell fate of these cells in the process of kidney injury and regeneration. Since the 20th century, lineage tracing technology has provided an important mean for studying organ development, tissue damage repair, and the differentiation and fate of single cells. However, traditional lineage tracing methods rely on sacrificing animals to make tissue slices and then take snapshots with conventional imaging tools to obtain interesting information. This method cannot achieve dynamic and continuous monitoring of cell actions on living animals. As a kind of intravital microscopy (IVM), two-photon microscopy (TPM) has successfully solved the above problems. Because TPM has the ability to penetrate deep tissues and can achieve imaging at the single cell level, lineage tracing technology with TPM is gradually becoming popular. In this review, we provided the key technical elements of lineage tracing, and how to use intravital imaging technology to visualize and quantify the fate of renal cells.
Adopting seasonal regimen (Ritucharya) to modulate the seasonal variation in gut microbiome
Authors: R Deepthi. , M Vandana Rani , Robin Delvin T. , Dileep Anusree 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe science of Ayurveda with its strong and unique fundamentals holds its domain forever amidst all scientific and medical advancements. The concept of Shadkriyakala (the different phases of disease formation) holds relevance in preventive medicine and public health management as it provides ample chance to halt the disease process at each stage by timely intervention. In this review, we would like to bring to the limelight the relevance of Ritucharya (seasonal regimen) in primary prevention by modulating the gut microbiota. The modern gut microbiome researches now help us to better explore the Ayurveda theories of Agni (digestive fire) and Ama (metabolic toxins) preached centuries back. Ayurveda firmly proclaims that no disease ever arises without the derangement of Agni (digestive fire). The whole preventive and treatment methodology in Ayurveda focuses upon the modulation and management of “Agni” (digestive fire). When the functioning of Agni is deranged, Ama (metabolic toxin) is produced and it vitiates the doshas which spread throughout the body and manifest as varied diseases. A biomedical perspective of our reviews suggests that dysbiosis of microbial flora can cause a leaky gut by which the toxins of deranged digestive metabolism enter the bloodstream. Consequently, an inflammatory response occurs within the body which expresses out as diseases opportunistically. We meticulously reviewed the influence of extrinsic factors namely diet and climate on human gut microbiota, and our analysis emphasises the application prospects of Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), in regulating the dynamic host-microbe interaction.
The association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and progression of NAFLD in a cohort of Egyptian patients
Authors: Hasan Eman M. , Abd Al Aziz Rasha A. , Sabry Dina , Badary Hedy A. , Gaber Yasmine , Yosry Ayman , Zakaria Zeinab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Several genetic polymorphisms have been proven to play a key role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to NASH with fibrosis. Our aim was to study the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene, namely rs266729 and rs3774261, on susceptibility to NAFLD and disease progression.

Results
There was a definitive association between polymorphisms of the studied SNPs and NAFLD. Among rs266729, CG was significantly higher among patients than controls showing increased risk for NAFLD (P<0.05). AA genotype of the rs3774261 variant was significantly lower in patients than in controls (P value< 0.001) while AG and GG genotypes were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P value<0.05); A allele was significantly higher among controls (P=0.019) which might have a protective effect. None of the variants correlated significantly with the degree of steatosis. Using multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant correlation with any of the independent risk factors to the degree of steatosis.

Conclusions
There was an association between polymorphisms of the studied SNPs of rs266729 and rs3774261 of the adiponectin gene and NAFLD.
Entomological survey for identification of Aedes larval breeding sites and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Sahidur , Faruk Md. Omar , Tanjila Sumiya , Sabbir Nur Mohammad , Haider Najmul , Chowdhury Sharmin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-districts (Thana) under Chattogram City, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and immature mosquitoes was recorded in field survey data form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification.

Results
Different indices like house index, container index, and the Breteau index were estimated. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify habitats that were more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. A total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties were examined, where 52 (7.39%) were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed the highest container productivity (50%) whereas the vehicle and machinery group was found as most efficient (1.83) in terms of immature Aedes production. Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% with Aedes albopictus, and 1% contained both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, the container index was 7%, and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried houses had significantly lower positivity compared to independent houses. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne disease transmissions.
Remediating AIDS Archives
Authors: Lang Tamara de Szegheo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In response to mainstream narratives of AIDS history, which too often highlight only experiences of white, cisgender gay men, this article argues that an analysis of recent AIDS activist media is crucial to complicate mainstream representations. It looks to recent video work as an important site of a diversified AIDS history and analyzes three videos made by Thomas Allen Harris, Shanti Avirgan, and Nguyen Tan Hoang for the Visual AIDS Alternate Endings series. Instead of presenting AIDS history as firmly embedded in the past, much of this newer work intertwines past and present to show the ongoing nature of the crisis. Many videos use archival footage to highlight the persistent nature of racism, poverty, drug use stigma, and health care barriers in the epidemic. Through temporal contrast, the videos powerfully show that progress is not always linear, and the past has much to teach us about the present.
A comparison of two peak skin dose metrics calculated by patient dose management systems: implications for clinical management
Authors: Coates Alisha , Rogers Andy 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The patient dose monitoring systems DoseWatch and DoseWise were compared to evaluate their reported patient Peak Skin Dose.

Methods:
20 patients with the highest Peak Skin Dose on DoseWise were obtained; the values were converted to a Reference Point Air Kerma (RPAK) value and used for comparison. These patients were accessed in DoseWatch to obtain the recorded Worst Case RPAK. The co-ordinates for the position were obtained for each patient to find a primary and secondary angular position for the peak skin dose. The two positions produced by the two softwares were compared.

Results:
There is a mean deviation of over 0.5 Gy between the two software packages when comparing the calculated maximum skin air kerma Peak skin dose from DoseWise and the Worst Case RPAK from DoseWatch.

Conclusion:
We have shown mean deviations between these two systems. This difference is enough, for higher peak skin absorbed dose patients, to change the management of patients, so local services must understand their models to properly implement patient management.

Advances in knowledge:
Neither system is incorrect, but these differences show that a deeper understanding of the analysis limitations is required to properly inform post-procedural high-skin dose follow-up procedures.
First record of the alien exotic sap beetle Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Greece
Authors: Kalaentzis Konstantinos , Mpamnaras Athanasios , Kazilas Christos 
Published: May 2021

The exotic sap beetle Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Macleay, 1825) is recorded for the first time in Greece. In August 2018, a nitidulid beetle was found near Mt. Pelion of Central Greece. It was later identified as P. picta, a recent alien species in Europe, previously recorded from Spain, France, and Turkey. Photographic material and information on the species’ distribution, biology, and potential economic and ecological implications are presented and discussed.