bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundesgesetzgebungskompetenz für die Bedarfsfeststellung eines einzelnen Braunkohletagebaus?
Authors: Hermes Georg 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Gesetzgebungsverfahren zur Umsetzung des Kohleausstiegs wurde kurz vor den abschließenden Beratungen auf Initiative des Ausschusses für Wirtschaft und Energie eine Vorschrift in das Gesetz zur Reduzierung und zur Beendigung der Kohleverstromung (KVBG) aufgenommen, die die “Notwendigkeit” des Braunkohletagebaus Garzweiler II rechtlich absichern soll (§48 KVBG; dazu 1). Unabhängig von der Frage, ob dieser Versuch durch die verschärften Jahresemissionsmengen für die Energiewirtschaft, die durch die Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 24.3.2021 veranlasst sind, bereits als überholt angesehen werden kann, und auch unabhängig von materiellen Bedenken fehlt dem Bund die Gesetzgebungskompetenz. Denn die Vorschrift ist an dem Erforderlichkeitsmaßstab des Art. 72 Abs. 2 GG zu messen (dazu 2) und die Anwendung der dazu in der Rechtsprechung entwickelten Kriterien (dazu 3) auf §48 KVBG führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es an der Erforderlichkeit der Bedarfsfeststellung für Garzweiler II zur Wahrung der Wirtschaftseinheit im gesamtstaatlichen Interesse fehlt (dazu 4).
Negotiating Gender in Everyday Life: Toward a Conceptual Model of Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents
Authors: Jessen Reidar Schei , Wæhre Anne , David Linda , Stänicke Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA growing number of adolescents are seeking medical care to alleviate gender dysphoria (GD). This qualitative study explored the subjective experiences of GD among help-seeking transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth in order to develop a more nuanced conceptualization of the phenomenon. Fifteen life-mode interviews were conducted with newly referred youth between the ages of 13 and 19. All participants were assigned female at birth. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The participants targeted five major themes that characterize GD: (1) Bodily sensations were constant reminders of GD throughout the day, (2) emotional memories from the past of being different and outside triggered GD, (3) the process of coming out was a transformative experience that changed how the participants understood themselves, (4) GD both increased and decreased in relation to others, (5) everyday life required careful negotiation to feel whole without developing new forms of GD. Based on the results, we suggest a more conceptually nuanced model of GD, one which accounts for how bodily sensations and emotional memories from the past were sources that elicited GD. The sources were mediated through the process of coming out and relating to others, and this resulted in the negotiation of GD today. The conceptual model suggested in the present study could ideally shed light on preexisting knowledge on TGNC youth struggling with GD. In addition, an improved understanding of GD could ideally help clinicians when addressing individual treatment needs.
The Naturality of Natural Deduction (II): On Atomic Polymorphism and Generalized Propositional Connectives
Authors: Pistone Paolo , Tranchini Luca , Petrolo Mattia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a previous paper (of which this is a prosecution) we investigated the extraction of proof-theoretic properties of natural deduction derivations from their impredicative translation into System F. Our key idea was to introduce an extended equational theory for System F codifying at a syntactic level some properties found in parametric models of polymorphic type theory. A different approach to extract proof-theoretic properties of natural deduction derivations was proposed in a recent series of papers on the basis of an embedding of intuitionistic propositional logic into a predicative fragment of System F, called atomic System F. In this paper we show that this approach finds a general explanation within our equational study of second-order natural deduction, and a clear semantic justification in terms of parametricity.
Assessing the well-being of residents in nursing facilities
Authors: Schott Nadja , Johnen Bettina , Klotzbier Thomas Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Well-adapted and validated well-being (WB) instruments for the nursing home population are scarce. To our knowledge, the Laurens Well-Being Inventory for Gerontopsychiatry (LWIG) is a practical and reliable well-being assessment tool that has never been validated for German nursing home populations. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to (1) translate and cross-culturally adapt the LWIG to a German context and (2) test the reliability and validity of the German LWIG in a group of older nursing home residents using the Rasch model.

Methods
This study has a cross-sectional, descriptive study design. Cross-cultural adaption of the LWIG-GER from English to German was performed according to a standardized method. The data obtained from 104 long-term nursing home residents (57 women, 47 men) aged 60–99 years (mean 79.5, standard deviation ±9.11) were analyzed for psychometric testing (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item fit, McDonald’s ω, convergent validity, and known-group validity, Rasch).

Results
The final LWIG-GER consists of 19 items with three subscales, including “psychological WB”, “social WB”, and “physical WB”. The LWIG-GER showed good overall reliability with McDonald’s ω of 0.83; the LWIG-GER dimensions’ scores were significantly correlated with depression, functional performance, activities, fear of falling, and education.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the German language version of the LWIG is a reliable and valid tool for measuring WB in nursing home residents. Furthermore, we propose that the LWIG-GER questionnaire can broaden and deepen our understanding of residents’ perception of quality of care and their environment.
Optimal investment strategies for pension funds with regulation-conform dynamic pension payment management in the absence of guarantees
Authors: Lichtenstern Andreas , Zagst Rudi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article we consider the post-retirement phase optimization problem for a specific pension product in Germany that comes without guarantees. The continuous-time optimization problem is defined consisting of two specialties: first, we have a product-specific pension adjustment mechanism based on a certain capital coverage ratio which stipulates compulsory pension adjustments if the pension fund is underfunded or significantly overfunded. Second, due to the retiree’s fear of and aversion against pension reductions, we introduce a total wealth distribution to an investment portfolio and a buffer portfolio to lower the probability of future potential pension shortenings. The target functional in the optimization, that is to be maximized, is the client’s expected accumulated utility from the stochastic future pension cash flows. The optimization outcome is the optimal investment strategy in the proposed model. Due to the inherent complexity of the continuous-time framework, the discrete-time version of the optimization problem is considered and solved via the Bellman principle. In addition, for computational reasons, a policy function iteration algorithm is introduced to find a stationary solution to the problem in a computationally efficient and elegant fashion. A numerical case study on optimization and simulation completes the work with highlighting the benefits of the proposed model.
Upper Mantle Structure Beneath Mariana: Insights From Rayleigh‐Wave Anisotropic Tomography
Authors: Qiao Qingyu , Liu Xin , Zhao Dapeng , Li Sanzhong , Zhao Shujuan , Zhao Long , Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe determine Rayleigh‐wave phase‐velocity azimuthal anisotropy tomography beneath Mariana using a large number of high‐quality amplitude and phase data of teleseismic fundamental mode Rayleigh waves at periods of 25–130 s. The obtained phase‐velocity model is then inverted for a 3D azimuthal anisotropic shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model down to ∼300 km depth. The old (∼150 Ma) Pacific oceanic lithosphere near the Mariana trench is imaged as a clear high‐Vs zone with a thickness of ∼100 km, whereas obvious low‐Vs anomalies exist in the mantle wedge and in the asthenosphere beneath the incoming plate. The Pacific oceanic lithosphere near the Mariana trench mainly exhibits a fast‐velocity direction (FVD) of NW‐SE normal to seafloor isochrons, which may reflect frozen‐in lattice‐preferred orientation formed at the mid‐ocean ridge, whereas the dominant FVD in the subducting Pacific slab at depths >∼100 km is parallel to the Mariana trench, probably reflecting subduction‐related structural deformation in the slab. Significant trench‐normal FVDs exist in the mantle wedge at depths <∼100 km, whereas the deeper portion of the mantle wedge mainly exhibits trench‐parallel FVDs, which may indicate a flow pattern in the mantle wedge due to the slab deep subduction and dehydration.
Impacts of Urban Expansion on the Diurnal Variations of Summer Monsoon Precipitation Over the South China Coast
Authors: Li Zheng , Chan Johnny C. L. , Zhao Kun , Chen Xingchao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the possible relationship between changes in monsoonal (May–June) rainfall diurnal variations over the south China coast and urban surface processes using hourly rain gage data during 1981–2014 and semi‐idealized numerical simulations. The continuous landward penetration of regional climatic rainband observed prior to urbanization is blocked by the city. The morning precipitation initiated at the coast “jumps” to the downstream area of city in the late afternoon, causing a 2 hr delay of the rainfall peak time. Simulations clearly reproduce this change by turning off/on the urban land use, and demonstrate a direct connection between the change of rainfall diurnal variations with a magnitude‐enhancing but slower‐penetrating sea breeze as well as the thermodynamic conditions modified by the city. Individual impacts of sensible heating, evapotranspiration, and friction from urban surface are examined using various sensitivity experiments. Urban sensible heat is found to act as the energy source to enhance the sea breeze and induce the asymmetric low‐level urban inflow that blocks the penetration of sea breeze and changes the rainfall location. Evapotranspiration and latent heat flux suppressed by the impervious urban surface causes a drier boundary layer and lower CAPE over the city. The “jumping” of the climatic rainband may result from the competing interaction of the dynamic and thermodynamic factors. Urban friction has little impact on the daytime rainfall, but could slow down seaward wind speed and enhance coastal convergence in the early morning if no strong urban heat island is present.
True Polar Wander on Dynamic Planets: Approximative Methods Versus Full Solution
Authors: Patočka Vojtěch 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlmost three decades ago, the problem of long‐term polar wander on a dynamic planet was formulated and simplified within the framework of normal mode theory. The underlying simplifications have been debated ever since, recently in a series of papers by Hu et al. (2017a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016je005114, 2017b, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017je005365, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.013), who clarify the role of neglecting short‐term relaxation modes of the body. However, the authors still do not solve the governing equations in full, because they make approximations to the Liouville equation (LE). In this paper, I use a time domain approach and, for previously studied test loads, both the planet's relaxation and the LE are solved in full. In order to analyze the existing LE approximations, I compute the energy balance of true polar wander (TPW). For fast rotating bodies such as Earth, the rotation axis becomes aligned with the main inertia axis (ω‖MIA) once free oscillations are damped. The ω‖MIA assumption is re‐derived theoretically–contrary to previous beliefs, I demonstrate that it is not necessarily linked to the quasi‐fluid limit of the viscoelastic response to loading and rotation, but that it is an expression of neglecting the Coriolis and Euler forces from the equation of motion. It is thus important to distinguish between simplifying the LE and simplifying the planet's response to forcing. For slow rotators such as Venus, the full LE together with energy analysis indicate that previous estimates of TPW rate need to be revisited. The numerical code LIOUSHELL is released on GitHub.
Upregulation of lncRNA NONRATG019935.2 suppresses the p53-mediated apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in septic acute kidney injury
Authors: Ding Ying , Zhou Dao-yang , Yu Hong , Zhu Tao , Guo Feng , He Yang , Guo Xiu-liu , Lin Yong-jun , Liu Yu-jiao , Yu Yun-song 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough increasing evidence has confirmed that the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) is a crucial contributor to the onset and development of septic acute kidney injury (AKI), the pathological mechanism by which RTEC apoptosis is upregulated during septic AKI is not entirely clear. In this study, a rat model of septic AKI was induced by a cecal ligation puncture procedure or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Four differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DE-Lncs) in the rat model of septic AKI were determined using RNA-sequencing and verified by qRT-PCR. Among the four DE-Lncs, the expression level of lncRNA NONRATG019935.2 (9935) exhibited the most significant reduction in both septic AKI rats and LPS-treated NRK-52E cells (a rat RTEC line). The overexpression of 9935 suppressed cell apoptosis and p53 protein level in LPS-treated NRK-52E cells, and retarded septic AKI development in the rat model of septic AKI. Mechanistically, 9935 decreased the human antigen R (HuR)-mediated Tp53 mRNA stability by limiting the combination of HuR and the 3′UTR region of Tp53 mRNA in RTECs. The overexpression of HuR abrogated the inhibitory effect of pcDNA-9935 on the LPS-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E and rat primary RTECs. In conclusion, 9935 exerts its role in septic AKI by suppressing the p53-mediated apoptosis of RTECs, and this essential role of 9935 relies on its destructive effect on HuR-mediated Tp53 mRNA stability.
The Gillenia trifoliata genome reveals dynamics correlated with growth and reproduction in Rosaceae
Authors: Ireland Hilary S. , Wu Chen , Deng Cecilia H. , Hilario Elena , Saei Ali , Erasmuson Sylvia , Crowhurst Ross N. , David Karine M. , Schaffer Robert J. , Chagné David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Rosaceae family has striking phenotypic diversity and high syntenic conservation.Gillenia trifoliatais sister species to the Maleae tribe of apple and ~1000 other species.Gilleniahas many putative ancestral features, such as herb/sub-shrub habit, dry fruit-bearing and nine base chromosomes. This coalescence of ancestral characters in a phylogenetically important species, positionsGilleniaas a ‘rosetta stone’ for translational science within Rosaceae. We present genomic and phenological resources to facilitate the use ofGilleniafor this purpose. TheGilleniagenome is the first fully annotated chromosome-level assembly with an ancestral genome complement (x = 9), and with it we developed an improved model of the Rosaceae ancestral genome. MADS and NAC gene family analyses revealed genome dynamics correlated with growth and reproduction and we demonstrate howGilleniacan be a negative control for studying fleshy fruit development in Rosaceae.
Expanding the application of a UV-visible reporter for transient gene expression and stable transformation in plants
Authors: Yuan Guoliang , Lu Haiwei , Tang Dan , Hassan Md Mahmudul , Li Yi , Chen Jin-Gui , Tuskan Gerald A. , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used for monitoring gene expression and protein localization in diverse organisms. However, highly sensitive imaging equipment, like fluorescence microscope, is usually required for the visualization of GFP, limitings its application to fixed locations in samples. A reporter that can be visualized in real-time regardless the shape, size and location of the target samples will increase the flexibility and efficiency of research work. Here, we report the application of a GFP-like protein, called eYGFPuv, in both transient expression and stable transformation, in two herbaceous plant species (Arabidopsisand tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). We observed bright fluorescence under UV light in all of the four plant species without any effects on plant growth or development. eYGFPuv was shown to be effective for imaging transient expression in leaf and root tissues. With a focus on in vitro transformation, we demonstrated that the transgenic events expressing 1xeYGFPuvcould be easily identified visually during the callus stage and the shoot stage, enabling early and efficient selection of transformants. Furthermore, whole-plant level visualization of eYGFPuv revealed its ubiquitous stability in transgenic plants. In addition, our transformation experiments showed that eYGFPuv can also be used to select transgenic plants without antibiotics. This work demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing 1xeYGFPuvin studies of gene expression and plant transformation in diverse plants.
Strigolactones positively regulate abscisic acid-dependent heat and cold tolerance in tomato
Authors: Chi Cheng , Xu Xuechen , Wang Mengqi , Zhang Hui , Fang Pingping , Zhou Jie , Xia Xiaojian , Shi Kai , Zhou Yanhong , Yu Jingquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStrigolactones are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that impact plant growth and development in diverse ways. However, the roles of strigolactones in the responses to temperature stresses are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that strigolactone biosynthesis is induced in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by heat and cold stresses. Compromised strigolactone biosynthesis or signaling negatively affected heat and cold tolerance, while application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR245DS enhanced heat and cold tolerance. Strigolactone-mediated heat and cold tolerance was associated with the induction of abscisic acid (ABA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulation, C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1 (CBF1) transcription, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Importantly, a deficiency in ABA biosynthesis compromised the GR245DS effects on heat and cold stresses and abolished the GR245DS-induced transcription of HSP70, CBF1, and antioxidant-related genes. These results support that strigolactones positively regulate tomato heat and cold tolerance and that they do so at least partially by the induction of CBFs and HSPs and the antioxidant response in an ABA-dependent manner.
Induced pluripotency in the context of stem cell expansion bioprocess development, optimization, and manufacturing: a roadmap to the clinic
Authors: Colter James , Murari Kartikeya , Biernaskie Jeff , Kallos Michael Scott 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe translation of laboratory-scale bioprocess protocols and technologies to industrial scales and the application of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives in clinical trials globally presents optimism for the future of stem-cell products to impact healthcare. However, while many promising therapeutic approaches are being tested in pre-clinical studies, hiPSC-derived products currently account for a small fraction of active clinical trials. The complexity and volatility of hiPSCs present several bioprocessing challenges, where the goal is to generate a sufficiently large, high-quality, homogeneous population for downstream differentiation—the derivatives of which must retain functional efficacy and meet regulatory safety criteria in application. It is argued herein that one of the major challenges currently faced in improving the robustness of routine stem-cell biomanufacturing is in utilizing continuous, meaningful assessments of molecular and cellular characteristics from process to application. This includes integrating process data with biological characteristic and functional assessment data to model the interplay between variables in the search for global optimization strategies. Coupling complete datasets with relevant computational methods will contribute significantly to model development and automation in achieving process robustness. This overarching approach is thus crucially important in realizing the potential of hiPSC biomanufacturing for transformation of regenerative medicine and the healthcare industry.
Recent patent applications in beverages enriched with plant proteins
Authors: Arbach Clara Takayama , Alves Izabel Almeida , Serafini Mairim Russo , Stephani Rodrigo , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , de Carvalho da Costa Juliana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, many consumers have been adding plant-based beverages to their diets, due to different reasons. The addition of plant proteins to enrich these products in order to make them more nutritionally balanced has become a trend, mainly because of their lower prices and reduced environmental damage. Thus, the aims of the present patent review are to discuss the potential of, and challenges posed by, plant proteins to the beverage industry, as well as to check market trends, focused on raw materials and beverage types. Based on the results, pea, rapeseed, bean, peanut, chickpea, lentil, hempseed, sunflower seed, and cottonseed were among the most often addressed raw materials. Furthermore, this enrichment process is not limited to create products that mimic dairy, therefore expansion in plant proteins used to enrich carbonated beverages, sports drinks, or even juices is expected to happen. Thus, plant-derived proteins have been promising to high-quality beverage production, as well as to ensure food security, animal welfare, and low environmental impacts.
Characterizing porous microaggregates and soil organic matter sequestered in allophanic paleosols on Holocene tephras using synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Doreen Yu-Tuan , Lowe David J. , Churchman G. Jock , Schipper Louis A. , Cooper Alan , Chen Tsan-Yao , Rawlence Nicolas J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAllophanic tephra-derived soils can sequester sizable quantities of soil organic matter (SOM). However, no studies have visualized the fine internal porous structure of allophanic soil microaggregates, nor studied the carbon structure preserved in such soils or paleosols. We used synchrotron radiation-based transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) to perform 3D-tomography of the internal porous structure of dominantly allophanic soil microaggregates, and carbon near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (C NEXAFS) spectroscopy to characterize SOM in ≤ 12,000-year-old tephra-derived allophane-rich (with minor ferrihydrite) paleosols. The TXM tomography showed a vast network of internal, tortuous nano-pores within an allophanic microaggregate comprising nanoaggregates. SOM in the allophanic paleosols at four sites was dominated by carboxylic/carbonyl functional groups with subordinate quinonic, aromatic, and aliphatic groups. All samples exhibited similar compositions despite differences between the sites. That the SOM does not comprise specific types of functional groups through time implies that the functional groups are relict. The SOM originated at the land/soil surface: ongoing tephra deposition (intermittently or abruptly) then caused the land-surface to rise so that the once-surface horizons were buried more deeply and hence became increasingly isolated from inputs by the surficial/modern organic cycle. The presence of quinonic carbon, from biological processes but vulnerable to oxygen and light, indicates the exceptional protection of SOM and bio-signals in allophanic paleosols, attributable both to the porous allophane (with ferrihydrite) aggregates that occlude the relict SOM from degradation, and to rapid burial by successive tephra-fallout, as well as strong Al-organic chemical bonding. TXM and C NEXAFS spectroscopy help to unravel the fine structure of soils and SOM and are of great potential for soil science studies.