bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and effect of interactive telerehabilitation on balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Chen Shih-Ching , Lin Chueh-Ho , Su Sheng-Wen , Chang Yu-Tai , Lai Chien-Hung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke survivors need continuing exercise intervention to maintain functional status. This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of an interactive telerehabilitation exergaming system to improve balance in individuals with chronic stroke, compared to conventional one-on-one rehabilitation.MethodsIn this prospective case–control pilot study, 30 Taiwanese individuals with chronic stroke were enrolled and randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group. All participants received intervention 3 times per week for 4 weeks in the study hospital. The experiment group underwent telerehabilitation using a Kinect camera-based interactive telerehabilitation system in an independent room to simulate home environment. In contrast, the control group received conventional one-on-one physiotherapy in a dedicated rehabilitation area. The effectiveness of interactive telerehabilitation in improving balance in stroke survivors was evaluated by comparing outcomes between the two groups. The primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores. Secondary outcomes were performance of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, Motricity Index, and Functional Ambulation Category.ResultsComparison of outcomes between experimental and control groups revealed no significant differences between groups at baseline and post-intervention for all outcome measures. However, BBS scores improved significantly in both groups (control group: p = 0.01, effect size = 0.49; experimental group: p = 0.01, effect size = 0.70). Completion times of TUG tests also improved significantly in the experimental group (p = 0.005, effect size = 0.70).ConclusionThe Kinect camera-based interactive telerehabilitation system demonstrates superior or equal efficacy compared to conventional one-on-one physiotherapy for improving balance in individuals with chronic stroke.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03698357. Registered October 4, 2018, retrospectively registered.
Feelings of loneliness and mental health needs and services utilization among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Bao Li , Li Wen-Tian , Zhong Bao-Liang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Due to the implementation of social distancing and quarantine measures, loneliness has been a major public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined loneliness in Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as its associations with mental health needs and services utilization.

Methods
The present study was a cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A total of 7741 adults were invited and completed an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to screen for common mental health problems, loneliness was measured with a single-item self-report question (“How often do you feel lonely in recent days?”), and two standardized questions were used to assess perceived needs for and use of mental health services.

Results
In total, 24.2 % of the participants felt lonely in recent days. Age of 16–29 years (OR = 1.36, P = 0.020), marital status of never-married (OR = 1.47, P < 0.001), marital status of “others” (re-married, co-habiting, separated, divorced, and widowed) (OR = 1.72, P < 0.001), having infected family members or close relatives (OR = 1.64, P = 0.026), and having infected colleagues, friends, or classmates (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001) were significant correlates of loneliness. Rates of mental health needs (17.4 % vs. 4.9 %, P < 0.001) and services utilization (2.7 % vs. 1.0 %, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in lonely than not lonely participants. After adjusting for socio-demographic and epidemic characteristics and common mental health problems, loneliness was still significantly associated with mental health needs (OR = 2.50, P < 0.001) and services utilization (OR = 1.62, P = 0.020).

Conclusions
Feelings of loneliness are prevalent among Chinese residents affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the presence of loneliness is associated with high levels of mental health needs and greater services utilization. Effective measures aiming at preventing or reducing loneliness are potentially beneficial for the mental wellbeing of COVID-19-affected population and reducing the use of the limited mental health service resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Linalool odor‐induced analgesia is triggered by TRPA1-independent pathway in mice
Authors: Kashiwadani Hideki , Higa Yurina , Sugimura Mitsutaka , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe had recently reported that linalool odor exposure induced significant analgesic effects in mice and that the effects were disappeared in olfactory-deprived mice in which the olfactory epithelium was damaged, thus indicating that the effects were triggered by chemical senses evoked by linalool odor exposure. However, the peripheral neuronal mechanisms, including linalool receptors that contribute toward triggering the linalool odor-induced analgesia, still remain unexplored. In vitro studies have shown that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) responded to linalool, thus raising the possibility that TRPA1 expressed on the trigeminal nerve terminal detects linalool odor inhaled into the nostril and triggers the analgesic effects. To address this hypothesis, we measured the behavioral pain threshold for noxious mechanical stimulation in TRPA1-deficient mice. In contrast to our expectation, we found a significant increase in the threshold after linalool odor exposure in TRPA1-deficient mice, indicating the analgesic effects of linalool odor even in TRPA1-deficient mice. Furthermore, intranasal application of TRPA1 selective antagonist did not alter the analgesic effect of linalool odor. These results showed that the linalool odor-induced analgesia was triggered by a TRPA1-independent pathway in mice.
Evaluating diameter distribution series of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) in forest stands
Authors: Gabdelkhakov Aydar , Rakhmatullin Zagir , Martynova Maria , Fazlutdinov Ilyas , Mullagaleev Ilnur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The paper provides studies on the structure of planted small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals. This work aimed to analyze their assortment by diameters and compile appropriate tables. This is the first study of lime for this region. The results of the study are based on data from 69 temporary sample plots. Stands are represented by trees of 11–79 years old, not affected by thinning. They belong to the I–III growth classes and the most common goutweed forests.

Results
It was found, that small-leaved limes have a specific structure—coefficient of diameter variation in stands decreases with a higher average diameter, reaching 26 and 16% at 28 cm with thin and dense initial planting, respectively. The variability of tree diameters is related to the average stand diameter and is due to the initial density of the grown plantations. Correlations between the coefficients of asymmetry and excess with age and the average diameter was revealed.

Conclusions
The verification of theoretically calculated frequencies of distribution series to empirically observed frequencies showed a discrepancy in 29 and 19% of the total number, respectively. For the remaining series of distributions, the scale and shape parameters of the Weibull function were modeled using the average, minimum and maximum diameters, standard deviation, coefficients of asymmetry and excess. This made it possible to develop stand tables for small-leaved limes depending on the average diameter.
Cyber-ethnography of cannabis marketing on social media
Authors: Jenkins Marina C. , Kelly Lauren , Binger Kole , Moreno Megan A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Since 2012, several states have legalized non-medical cannabis, and cannabis businesses have used social media as a primary form of marketing. There are concerns that social media cannabis exposure may reach underage viewers. Our objective was to identify how cannabis businesses cultivate an online presence and exert influence that may reach youth.

Methods
We chose a cyber-ethnographic approach to explore cannabis retailers on social media. We searched cannabis retailers with Facebook and Instagram presence from Alaska, Oregon, Colorado, and Washington, and identified 28 social media business profiles. One year of content was evaluated from each profile. In-depth, observational field notes were collected from researchers immersed in data collection on business profiles. Field notes were analyzed to uncover common themes associated with social media cannabis marketing.

Results
A total of 14 businesses were evaluated across both Facebook and Instagram, resulting in 14 sets of combined field notes. A major theme was Normalization of Cannabis, involving both Broad Appeal and Specific Targeting.

Conclusions
It is concerning that Normalization of Cannabis by cannabis businesses may increase cannabis acceptability among youth. In a digital world where the majority of youth are spending time online, it is important for policymakers to examine additional restrictions for cannabis businesses marketing through social media.
Association between clinical parameters and size of three-dimensionally reconstructed anatomical abnormalities in patients with lateral epicondylitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hong Seok Woo , Kang Jeong-Hyun , Park Jin Hun , Kim Ji Na , Park Hee Jin , Kim Eugene 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The association of the severity of clinical symptoms and level of functional performance with the degree of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with lateral epicondylitis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between the degree of anatomical abnormalities by evaluating three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging models of the common extensor tendon and clinical parameters in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Materials and methods
A total of 61 patients (24 men and 37 women) with lateral epicondylitis were included in this study. 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was performed for all patients, and clinical parameters, including pain visual analog scale score, Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score, elbow range of motion, and demographic factors, were evaluated. The proportion of lesion volume of common extensor tendon was adopted for three-dimensional model analysis. To determine the factors associated with clinical parameters, univariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.

Results
The proportion of lesion volume of common extensor tendon was not associated with clinical parameters. Gender and muscle edema were independently associated with pain visual analog scale scores. However, demographic factors and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were not associated with the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score or elbow range of motion.

Conclusions
The three-dimensional volumetric lesion size of common extensor tendon was not associated with clinical symptoms and functional performance in patients with lateral epicondylitis. The clinical parameters of lateral epicondylitis may be influenced by several factors.
Patient and caregiver experiences of living with acute hepatic porphyria in the UK: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Gill Liz , Burrell Sue , Chamberlayne John , Lombardelli Stephen , Mora Jordanna , Mason Nicola , Schurer Marieke , Merkel Madeline , Meninger Stephen , Ko John J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study used quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze how acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) affects patients with varying annualized porphyria attack rates. The overall impact of AHP on patients and caregivers, including their quality of life, was explored. The nature and treatment of acute attacks, experiences of long-term heme arginate treatment and access to other appropriate treatment, and the extent of and treatment for chronic symptoms were also investigated within this study.

Methods
Patient and caregiver data were collected via an online survey of members of the British Porphyria Association, followed by an optional 1-h telephone interview.

Results
Thirty-eight patients and 10 caregivers responded to the survey. Of those, 10 patients and three caregivers completed follow-up interviews. Overall, 19 patients (50%) had experienced an acute attack within the previous 2 years, and the severity and types of symptoms experienced during or between acute attacks varied considerably. There were no clear definitions among patients for ‘mild’ or ‘severe’ attacks. Treatments and treatment settings used to manage attacks also varied. Following unsatisfactory care experiences at hospitals, some patients reported avoiding further hospital services for later attacks. Therefore, using settings of care as a measure of attack severity should be avoided. Ninety-four percent of patients also experienced chronic symptoms, which were as varied as acute attacks. Pain was the predominant chronic symptom and was managed with opioids in severe cases. Regardless of AAR, porphyria heavily impacted the daily lives of patients and caregivers. Although patients experiencing frequent attacks generally endured a greater impact on their daily life, patients with less frequent attacks also experienced impacts on all domains (social, leisure activities, relationship with family, relationships, psychological wellbeing, finances, employment, and study). Caregivers were most affected in the finance, relationships with family, and employment domains, and just over half of the caregivers reported a moderate impact on their psychological wellbeing.

Conclusions/implications
The burden of illness with AHP is high across all patients, regardless of frequency of attacks, and AHP negatively affects patients and caregivers alike.
Mitochondrial complex I abnormalities is associated with tau and clinical symptoms in mild Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Terada Tatsuhiro , Therriault Joseph , Kang Min Su Peter , Savard Melissa , Pascoal Tharick Ali , Lussier Firoza , Tissot Cecile , Wang Yi-Ting , Benedet Andrea , Matsudaira Takashi , Bunai Tomoyasu , Obi Tomokazu , Tsukada Hideo , Ouchi Yasuomi , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial electron transport chain abnormalities have been reported in postmortem pathological specimens of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how amyloid and tau are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. The purpose of this study is to assess the local relationships between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD pathophysiology in mild AD using the novel mitochondrial complex I PET imaging agent [18F]BCPP-EF.MethodsThirty-two amyloid and tau positive mild stage AD dementia patients (mean age ± SD: 71.1 ± 8.3 years) underwent a series of PET measurements with [18F]BCPP-EF mitochondrial function, [11C]PBB3 for tau deposition, and [11C] PiB for amyloid deposition. Age-matched normal control subjects were also recruited. Inter and intrasubject comparisons of levels of mitochondrial complex I activity, amyloid and tau deposition were performed.ResultsThe [18F]BCPP-EF uptake was significantly lower in the medial temporal area, highlighting the importance of the mitochondrial involvement in AD pathology. [11C]PBB3 uptake was greater in the temporo-parietal regions in AD. Region of interest analysis in the Braak stage I-II region showed significant negative correlation between [18F]BCPP-EF SUVR and [11C]PBB3 BPND(R = 0.2679,p = 0.04), but not [11C] PiB SUVR.ConclusionsOur results indicated that mitochondrial complex I is closely associated with tau load evaluated by [11C]PBB3, which might suffer in the presence of its off-target binding. The absence of association between mitochondrial complex I dysfunction with amyloid load suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in the trans-entorhinal and entorhinal region is a reflection of neuronal injury occurring in the brain of mild AD.
Comparative preventive efficacy of ProHeart® 12, Heartgard® Plus and Interceptor® Plus against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant strain (JYD-34) of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs
Authors: McTier Tom L. , Holzmer Susan , Kryda Kristina , Mahabir Sean , McCall John W. , Trombley Jami , Maeder Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current studies compared ProHeart®12, Heartgard®Plus and Interceptor®Plus for preventive efficacy against JYD-34, a macrocyclic lactone (ML)-resistant strain ofDirofilaria immitisin dogs.MethodsIn two studies, each using 24 adult beagles, dogs were allocated to four treatment groups (n = 6): placebo-treated control; ProHeart 12 as per label (0.5 mg/kg moxidectin); Heartgard Plus (HGP) as per label (minimum 6 µg/kg ivermectin); and Interceptor Plus (INP) as per label (minimum 0.5 mg/kg milbemycin oxime). In both studies, ProHeart 12 was administered as a single subcutaneous dose on day 0, and HGP and INP were administered orally on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. In Studies 1 and 2, dogs were inoculated with 50 third-stage heartworm larvae (JYD-34 strain) on days −30 and 165, respectively. In Study 2, treatment for both HGP and INP was continued on days 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330. Adult heartworm recoveries were performed on day 185 in Study 1 and on day 360 in Study 2.ResultsIn Studies 1 and 2, all placebo-treated dogs developed adult heartworm infections (geometric mean, 29.9 and 34.9 worms/dog, respectively). A single dose of ProHeart 12 was 100% effective in preventing the development of adult JYD-34 heartworms when treatment was initiated 30 days after heartworm inoculation, while six consecutive monthly doses of HGP and INP were only 10.5% and 14.6% effective, respectively. The mean worm count for the ProHeart 12-treated group was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than that for the placebo control, HGP- and INP-treated groups. In Study 2, the dogs treated with ProHeart 12 had an efficacy of 98.3%. All dogs treated with HGP and INP for 12 consecutive months had adult heartworms with efficacies of 37.7% and 34.9%, respectively. The mean worm count for the ProHeart 12-treated dogs was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than those for the control group, HGP- and INP-treated groups.ConclusionsA single administration of ProHeart 12 was 98–100% effective in preventing the development of the ML-resistant JYD-34 heartworm strain and was significantly better than multiple consecutive monthly doses of either Heartgard Plus or Interceptor Plus in both studies.Graphical Abstract
Design of sparse arrays via deep learning for enhanced DOA estimation
Authors: Wandale Steven , Ichige Koichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces an enhanced deep learning-based (DL) antenna selection approach for optimum sparse linear array selection for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation applications. Generally, the antenna selection problem yields a combination of subarrays as a solution. Previous DL-based methods designated these subarrays as classes to fit the problem into a classification problem to which a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to solve it. However, these methods sample the combination set randomly to reduce computational cost related to the generation of training data, and it often leads to sub-optimal solutions due to ill-sampling issues. Hence, in this paper, we propose an improved DL-based method by constraining the combination set to retain the hole-free subarrays to enhance the method’s performance and sparse subarrays rendered. Numerical examples show that the proposed method yields sparser subarrays with better beampattern properties and improved DOA estimation performance than conventional DL techniques.
Lyapunov-type inequalities for differential equation with Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative under multipoint boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Youyu , Wu Yuhan , Cao Zheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we establish Lyapunov-type inequalities for the fractional boundary value problems with Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative subject to multipoint and integral boundary conditions. As far as we know, there is no literature that has studied these problems.
Histological verification of the treatment effect of tirabrutinib for relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Okita Yoshiko , Kano-Fujiwara Rieko , Nakatsuka Shin-Ichi , Honma Keiichiro , Kinoshita Manabu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTirabrutinib (ONO/GS-4059; Ono Pharmaceutical) is a newly developed drug that selectively and irreversibly inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and has been approved in Japan for treating relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, its therapeutic effect is yet to be verified at the pathological level in human patients. A 64-year-old patient with recurrent PCNSL enrolled in the phase I/II clinical trial of tirabrutinib, a second-generation BTK inhibitor designed for treating relapsed/refractory PCNSL. The left cerebellum lesions on magnetic resonance imaging disappeared one month after tirabrutinib treatment. The patient died because of suspected pneumocystis pneumonia and acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia 43 days after starting tirabrutinib. An autopsy confirmed no viable tumor cells in the entire brain, including the left cerebellum lesion, confirming complete obliteration of tumor cells by tirabrutinib. This letter pathologically confirms the effect of tirabrutinib on relapsed/refractory PCNSL for the first time in humans.Trial registration: JapicCTI-173646. Registered 14 July 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/ShowDirect.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-173646.