bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical to clinical transition experiences of dental students at an Australian Regional University
Authors: Malau‐Aduli Bunmi S. , Lee Andrew , Alele Faith , Adu Mary , Drovandi Aaron , Jones Karina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical experience is a crucial component of dental education as it prepares students for real‐world practice. Our study aimed to investigate the transition from preclinical to clinical training experiences of dental students at a regional Australian dental school.Materials and MethodsA mixed‐methods study was conducted using a survey and focus groups. Participants were dental students who recently transitioned into clinical training. Survey data were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, whilst the qualitative data were thematically analysed using the conceptual framework of organisational socialisation theory (OST).ResultsForty‐eight of the 69 students in the cohort completed the survey and 10 participated in the focus groups. The quantitative findings revealed that the transition was perceived to be abrupt and associated with a heavy workload. However, orientation sessions and engaging in chairside teaching made transitioning into clinical studies easier. The qualitative findings revealed that the transition process occurred in three phases. In phase 1, participants navigated the educational and social challenges using developmental characteristics such as resilience and positivity. Lessons learnt in phase 1 were used to make necessary learning adjustments in phase 2 and this subsequently enhanced developmental growth in the final phase, which helped ease the transition.ConclusionThis study confirms that transitioning into clinical training can be complex. However, the educational and socialisation challenges associated with the transition can provide stimulating developmental learning opportunities that advance students’ adjustments to the clinical environment with positive, empowering and motivational outcomes that facilitate a smooth transition.
Investigation of long interspersed element‐1 retrotransposons as potential risk factors for idiopathic temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Doyle Glenn A. , Reiner Benjamin C. , Crist Richard C. , Rao Aditya M. , Ojeah Nkechi S. , Arauco‐Shapiro Gabriella , Levinson Rachel N. , Shah Lokesh D. , Sperling Michael R. , Ferraro Thomas N. , Buono Russell J. , Berrettini Wade H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if long interspersed element‐1 (L1) retrotransposons convey risk for idiopathic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsSurgically resected temporal cortex from individuals with TLE (N = 33) and postmortem temporal cortex from individuals with no known neurological disease (N = 33) were analyzed for L1 content by Restriction Enzyme Based Enriched L1Hs sequencing (REBELseq). Expression of three KCNIP4 splice variants was assessed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) was used to determine ontologies and pathways for lists of genes harboring L1 insertions.ResultsWe identified novel L1 insertions specific to individuals with TLE, and others specific to controls. Although there were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in the numbers of known and novel L1 insertions, PANTHER analyses of intragenic L1 insertions showed statistically significant enrichments for epilepsy‐relevant gene ontologies in both cases and controls. Gene ontologies “neuron projection development” and “calcium ion transmembrane transport” were among those found only in individuals with TLE. We confirmed novel L1 insertions in several genes associated with seizures/epilepsy, including a de novo somatic L1 retrotransposition in KCNIP4 that occurred after neural crest formation in one patient. However, ddPCR results suggest this de novo L1 did not alter KCNIP4 mRNA expression.SignificanceGiven current data from this small cohort, we conclude that L1 elements, either rare heritable germline insertions or de novo somatic retrotranspositions, may contribute only minimally to overall genetic risk for idiopathic TLE. We suggest that further studies in additional patients and additional brain regions are warranted.
Relationship between locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia: Locomotive syndrome overlapped in the majority of frailty and sarcopenia patients
Authors: Ide Koichiro , Banno Tomohiro , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Yasuda Tatsuya , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamada Tomohiro , Watanabe Yuh , Nakai Keiichi , Kurosu Kenta , Hoshino Hironobu , Niwa Haruo , Togawa Daisuke , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: April 2021

AimThe relationship between locomotive syndrome (LS), frailty and sarcopenia is unclear. This cohort study investigates the epidemiology of the three conditions and examines the relationship between them.MethodsThe participants were 337 Japanese adults aged ≥60 years who had undergone a healthcare checkup. LS, frailty and sarcopenia were assessed using the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale, the Kihon Checklist and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, respectively. The epidemiological investigation and correlations of the three concepts were examined.ResultsIn total, 212 participants (63%) were women. The participants' mean age was 76 years (range 60–94 years). The average Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale total score was 11.4 ± 11.2, and Kihon Checklist was 4.72 ± 3.97. A total of 202 (59.9%) participants met one of the criteria; 190 (56.9%) were diagnosed with LS, 77 (22.6%) with frailty and 26 (7.7%) with sarcopenia; and 70 out of 77 (90.1%) of frailty patients and 21 out of 26 (80.1%) of sarcopenia patients were included in LS. The relationship between the total score, subcategorical scores and survey items for each was investigated. Activities of daily living, physical function and mental status showed a strong correlation with all concepts. However, nutrition of frailty patients and muscle mass of sarcopenia patients did not correlate with other factors.ConclusionsLS overlapped with frailty and sarcopenia. LS criteria might be useful as the best tool to screen older persons who would be at risk for requiring care in the near future. However, nutrition status could only be assessed by frailty and muscle mass by sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 458–464.
Effects of wheat‐legume cultures on the fermentation quality and protein degradation of silage
Authors: Xu Liuxing , Hu Yaqin , Li Xinqin , Yin Xiang , Tang Guojian , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong the cereal crops, whole‐crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has become a common silage material in many countries of the world. However, there was little information about its planting methods. In order to obtain a optimum planting and utilization methods, this research investigated the effects of wheat‐legume cultures on the fermentation quality and protein degradation of silage. In the present research, wheat, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and smooth vetch (Vicia villosa L.) were planted by monoculture and mixture of wheat with other one, and they were ensiled. There were no significant differences in pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid contents among all silages with wheat, either monoculture or mixture with legume (p > .05). The wheat‐legume silages had higher lactic acid and lower butyric acid contents than their corresponding legume silages (p < .05). The non‐protein nitrogen and peptide‐N contents of wheat silage were significantly lower than those of wheat‐legume silages (p < .05). Aminopeptidase and acid proteinase activities of monoculture legume and wheat‐legume silages were significantly higher than those of wheat silage (p < .05). Overall, the chemical composition of forage has a greater influence on the fermentation quality and protease activity of silage compared to epiphytic microbes. The wheat‐legume cultures could effectively improve the fermentation quality of silage compared to monoculture legumes and wheat.
Impact of early childhood caries on oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zaror Carlos , Matamala‐Santander Andrea , Ferrer Montse , Rivera‐Mendoza Fernando , Espinoza‐Espinoza Gerardo , Martínez‐Zapata María José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review in order to assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC) and its severity on Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, SciELO and Lilacs databases. The study eligibility criteria were primary studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese that assessed OHRQoL in preschool children with dental caries using validated instruments. Two researchers independently performed the selection process and data extraction. The Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool was used for the quality assessment. Random effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect for continuous and categorical data.ResultsOf 2,037 identified articles, thirty‐five studies (37 articles) met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was judged mainly as moderate. Children with ECC were more likely to report any impact on OHRQoL than children without caries (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.51–2.62; 6 studies). Severe ECC (dmft > 5) presented a higher effect (OR: 5.00; 95% CI: 3.70–6.74; 8 studies). Sensitivity analysis including only population studies showed uncertain results on the impact of ECC on OHRQoL (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 0.99–2.82; I2 = 95%). The symptom and psychological domains were the most affected (SMD: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.81 and SMD: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37–0.85 respectively).ConclusionsECC has a negative impact on the OHRQoL of both preschoolers and their families. However, its impact on OHRQoL is diluted when it is evaluated at population level.
Reconstructive options for cutaneous dorsal hand defects
Authors: Neill Brett C. , Roberts Erin , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundModerate to large dorsal hand defects pose reconstructive challenges owing to the small surface area, immobile adjacent finger tissue, and thin, fragile skin.ObjectiveTo present reconstructive options for moderate to large dorsal hand defects.Materials and methodsFirst, a brief review of dorsal hand reconstructive options is discussed. Then, three approaches to reconstructing dorsal hand defects are presented based on the amount of available underlying tissue and location of the defect on the hand.ResultsIn the authors' opinion, for larger defects on the mid‐distal 1st–3rd metacarpals, the single arm rotation flap is preferable. For medium‐sized defects with underlying soft tissue, a Burow's graft is appropriate. The O‐Z flap is best for medium‐ to large‐sized defects on the proximal half of the metacarpals. Defects of the digits are excluded.ConclusionThe O‐Z rotation flap, single arm rotation flap, or Burow's graft can be used to reconstruct the majority of moderate to large dorsal hand defects.
The role of clinical trial nurses: Transitioning from clinicians to clinical research coordinators
Authors: Park Hye‐Ja , Yu Soyoung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the role of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and identify the importance and performance of the role as well as the factors that affect the professional recognition of their role.MethodsA total of 102 CRCs from 10 hospitals were recruited for a survey. The Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire scale developed by Ehrenberger and Lillington was used to collect data for the importance–performance analysis. The importance and performance data were plotted on a two‐dimensional grid, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors on the CRC role.ResultsThe influencing factors on the importance of the CRC role were frequency of protocol assessment, implementation and evaluation and professional nursing role performance. The influencing factors on performance were formal education and training in clinical research, institutional career ladder system for professional development and identification as a principal investigator in research studies. The influencing factor on the professional nursing role perception was the lower component of the ‘performance of professional nursing role’.ConclusionFormal educational preparation, identification as a principal investigator in research studies and clear career progression are supportive factors to the professional recognition of CRC as a specialized nursing role.
The experiences of therapists providing psychological treatment for adults with depression and intellectual disabilities as part of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Smith Ian C. , Huws Jaci C. , Appleton Kim , Cooper Sally‐Ann , Dagnan Dave , Hastings Richard P. , Hatton Chris , Jones Robert S. P. , Melville Craig , Scott Katie , Williams Chris , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth professionals were trained to deliver adapted psychological interventions for depression to people with learning disabilities and depression alongside a supporter. Exploring the delivery of psychological interventions can help increase access to therapy.MethodTwenty‐seven participants took part in six focus groups, and the data were subject to a Framework Analysis.ResultsThe structure and focus of the manualised therapies, and the use of specific techniques were perceived as key to service‐user engagement. Supporters' involvement was valued by therapists if they had a good relationship and regular contact with the individual they supported. Regular clinical supervision was regarded as vital in understanding their role, assessing progress and delivering the interventions.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that health professionals can embrace a focussed therapeutic role and increase access to psychological therapies for people with intellectual disabilities.
Diagnostic shifts in autism spectrum disorder can be linked to the fuzzy nature of the diagnostic boundary: a data‐driven approach
Authors: Tunç Birkan , Pandey Juhi , St. John Tanya , Meera Shoba S. , Maldarelli Jennifer E. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Hazlett Heather C. , Dager Stephen R. , Botteron Kelly N. , Girault Jessica B. , McKinstry Robert C. , Verma Ragini , Elison Jed T. , Pruett John R. , Piven Joseph , Estes Annette M. , Schultz Robert T. ,   for the IBIS Network
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDiagnostic shifts at early ages may provide invaluable insights into the nature of separation between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typical development. Recent conceptualizations of ASD suggest the condition is only fuzzily separated from non‐ASD, with intermediate cases between the two. These intermediate cases may shift along a transition region over time, leading to apparent instability of diagnosis.MethodsWe used a cohort of children with high ASD risk, by virtue of having an older sibling with ASD, assessed at 24 months (N = 212) and 36 months (N = 191). We applied machine learning to empirically characterize the classification boundary between ASD and non‐ASD, using variables quantifying developmental and adaptive skills. We computed the distance of children to the classification boundary.ResultsChildren who switched diagnostic labels from 24 to 36 months, in both directions, (dynamic group) had intermediate phenotypic profiles. They were closer to the classification boundary compared to children who had stable diagnoses, both at 24 months (Cohen’s d = .52) and at 36 months (d = .75). The magnitude of change in distance between the two time points was similar for the dynamic and stable groups (Cohen's d = .06), and diagnostic shifts were not associated with a large change. At the individual level, a few children in the dynamic group showed substantial change.ConclusionsOur results suggested that a diagnostic shift was largely due to a slight movement within a transition region between ASD and non‐ASD. This fact highlights the need for more vigilant surveillance and intervention strategies. Young children with intermediate phenotypes may have an increased susceptibility to gain or lose their diagnosis at later ages, calling attention to the inherently dynamic nature of early ASD diagnoses.
Innovation in cannon puffing technology for the homogenization of bulk treatment: Half‐popped purple corn, a new healthy snack
Authors: Rajha Hiba N. , Debs Espérance , Abi Rached Rita , El Khoury Karl , Al‐Kazzi Mona , Mrad Rachelle , Louka Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new innovative cannon puffing technology, called Vac‐Can‐Puff (VCP), consisting of a puffing gun connected to a vacuum pump, was conceived for the production of half‐popped purple corn snacks. This newly designed system was used to achieve a homogenized expansion of corn kernels in bulk. After selecting the soaking, puffing, and roasting methods, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the response variables: expansion ratio (ER) and general appreciation (GA) of kernels. It aimed at investigating the effects of puffing parameters: pressure of the steam injected (P), treatment time (T), and initial water content of the kernels (W). The central composite design resulted in an empirical model suggesting the following optima: P = 7.7 × 105 Pa, T = 14 s, and W = 32.8%, which are required to maximize desirability of the half‐popped kernels. The response parameters obtained under optimal conditions were 2.18 and 4.2 for ER and GA, respectively.Practical ApplicationsEstablishing an initial vacuum prior to steam injection in a puffing cannon, allowed to bring a solution to a long‐term issue related to the nonhomogeneous treatment in bulk. Whenever a thick layer of product is loaded in the cannon, a heterogeneous distribution of injected steam within the mass occurs, resulting in a dissimilarly expanded end product. Upon coupling the vacuum to the puffing cannon, the product then obtained is uniformly processed, with a well monitored expansion ratio. Half‐popped corn kernels resulting from treatment with Vac‐Can‐Puff (VCP) exhibited high organoleptic qualities in terms of taste, expansion ratio and desirability, without the use of any additives. Moreover, such products have the potential to be shaped as cakes, bars, or even associated with other products or flavors. Vac‐Can‐Puff is a manageable process since it does not require high technicality, and easy to implement in developing countries due to its low‐cost investment, operating and maintenance.
Is Medusa laughing again?
Authors: Rabinovich Irina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCaroline Lee Hentz's novella Fatal Cosmetic (1839) and Rebekah Hyneman's serial novella The Fatal Cosmetic (1853) are harbingers of American sensation fiction, though for more than a century and a half they were doomed to oblivion. Although different in style and characterization, both novelists aimed at propagating social and political agendas. This paper examines the development of this genre's key elements from earlier conformist ones to their later comprehensive materialization. Moreover, it examines the possible mythological and historical sources Hyneman's novella draws on.
Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of two cases
Authors: Vieira Gustavo de Souza , Gonçalves Sérgio Luiz Melo , de Oliveira Kenner Câmara , Cunha Karin Soares , Bezerra Adriana Raymundo , Maia Adriane Batista Pires , Reis Vanessa Paiva , Rodrigues Paulo da Costa , Conde Danielle Castex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsSurgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla is a rare lesion that can develop as a delayed complication of surgical procedures involving the maxillary‐malar complex. We report two new cases of surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla.Material and MethodsThis is a report of two cases of surgical ciliated cyst of maxilla that occurred 10 and 12 years after trauma and orthognathic surgeries, respectively, being the last a recurrent lesion. Both patients complained of a unilateral painful swelling in the face and had, on the computed tomography images, a well‐circumscribed unilocular hypodense lesion in the maxillary sinus. In the first case, there was a communication with the orbit floor and fenestration of the anterior wall of the maxilla.ResultsThe histopathological examination of both lesions showed cysts lined by a ciliated cylindrical pseudostratified epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium. The first lesion also presented areas of cubic epithelium and some mucous cells. The fibrous wall of the cysts showed chronic inflammatory infiltrate and hyaline acellular areas. The cysts were enucleated and there is no evidence of recurrence after one year (first case) and three years (second case) of follow‐up.ConclusionDespite the low prevalence of the surgical ciliated cyst, surgeons, clinicians and pathologists must be aware of this lesion and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of maxillary cysts in patients with a previous local surgery.
3D‐Printed Screw‐Rod Auxiliary System for Unstable Atlas Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wu Chao , Deng Jia‐yan , Li Tao , Zeng Bo‐fang , Hu Hai‐gang , Zhu Yuan‐fang , Wei Qin 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo develop and validate the efficacy of a 3D‐printed screw‐rod auxiliary system for unstable atlas fractures.MethodsThis research is a retrospective analysis, and a total of 14 patients, including 11 males and three females, were enrolled in our hospital from January 2017 to March 2019 who underwent occipitocervical fusion assisted by the 3D‐printed screw‐rod auxiliary system were reviewed, and with an average age of 53.21 ± 14.81 years, an average body mass index (BMI) of 23.61 ± 1.93 kg/m2. The operation time, blood loss and radiation times during the operation were recorded. The maximum fracture displacement values of pre‐ and post‐operation were measured based on CT imaging. All screw grades were evaluated after surgery. The occipital‐cervical 2 (O‐C2) angle and occipitocervical inclination (OCI) angle of pre‐operation, post‐operation and the last following‐up were measured. The dysphagia scale 3 months after surgery and at the last follow‐up, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) 3 months after surgery and at the last follow‐up were assessed.ResultsAll patients were completed the surgery successfully. There was no patient with severe dysphagia or aggravation of nerve injury. The follow‐up was from 12 to 14 months, and with an average of 12.5 months. The average surgery time, average blood loss and average radiation times for the 14 patients were 112.14 min, 171.43 mL and 5.07 times, respectively. There was a significant difference in maximum fracture displacement between pre‐ and post‐operation values (P < 0.05). A total of 56 screws were inserted in 14 patients, among them, three screws were classified as grade 1, and the other screws were classified as grade 0. There was a significant difference in the O‐C2 between pre‐operation and 3 days after operation (P = 0.002); There was a significant difference in OCI angles between pre‐operation and 3 days after operation (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the O‐C2 or OCI angle between 3 days after the operation and the last follow‐up (P = 0.079; P = 0.201). The dysphagia scales of two patients were assessed as mild at 3 months after surgery, and the others were assessed as normal at 3 months after surgery. All patients' dysphagia scores returned to normal at the last follow‐up. The average NDI and average neck Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at the last follow‐up were 2.53 and 8.41, respectively.ConclusionIt can objectively restore the OCI to normal with few post‐operative complications under the assistance of a screw‐rod auxiliary system to perform occipitocervical fusion for unstable atlas fractures and atlantooccipital joint instability.