bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial versus femoral access for left main percutaneous coronary intervention: An analysis from the Veterans Affairs Clinical, Reporting, and Tracking Program
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhaskar , Gunzburger Elise , Valle Javier A. , Grunwald Gary K. , Plomondon Mary E. , Vidovich Mladen I. , Aggarwal Kul , Karuparthi Poorna Raj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare clinical characteristics and procedural outcomes of left main percutaneous interventions (LM‐PCI) by transradial (TRA) versus transfemoral (TFA) approach in the VA healthcare system.BackgroundTRA for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is steadily increasing. However, the frequency and efficacy of TRA for LM‐PCI remain less studied.MethodsAll LM‐PCIs performed in the VA healthcare system were identified for fiscal year 2008 through 2018. Patients' baseline characteristics and procedure‐related variables were compared by access site. Both short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes were analyzed using propensity score matching.ResultsA total of 4004 LM‐PCI were performed in the VA via either radial or femoral access from 2008 to 2018. Among these, 596 (14.9%) LM PCIs were performed via TRA. Use of TRA for LM‐PCI increased from 2.2% to 31.5% over the study period. Propensity matched outcome analysis, comparing TRA versus TFA, showed a similar procedural success (98.4% for TRA vs. 97.8% for TFA; RR: 1.01 [0.98, 1.03]) and 1‐year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (25.9% for TRA vs. 26.8% TFA; RR: 0.96 [0.74, 1.25]). There were no statistically significant differences among secondary outcomes analyses including major bleeding.ConclusionUse of TRA for LM‐PCI has been steadily increasing in the VA healthcare system. These findings demonstrate similar procedural success and 1‐year MACE across access strategies, suggesting an opportunity to continue increasing TRA use for LM‐PCI.
Movement of Mitochondria with Mutant DNA through Extracellular Vesicles Helps Cancer Cells Acquire Chemoresistance
Authors: Abad Etna , Lyakhovich Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer with the worst prognosis after chemo‐ or radiation therapy. This is mainly due to the development of cancer chemoresistance accompanied by tumor recurrence. In this work, we investigated a new mechanism of acquired chemoresistance of TNBC cells. We showed that extracellular vehicles (EVs) of chemoresistant TNBC cells can transfer mitochondria to sensitive cancer cells, thus increasing their chemoresistance. Such transfer, but with less efficiency, can be carried out over short distances using tunneling nanotubes. In addition, we showed that exosome fractions carrying mitochondria from resistant TNBC cells contribute to acquired chemoresistance by increasing mtDNA levels with mutations in the mtND4 gene responsible for tumorigenesis. Blocking mitochondrial transport by exosome inhibitors, including GW4869, reduced acquired TNBC chemoresistance. These results could lead to the identification of new molecular targets necessary for more effective treatment of this type of cancer.
The remarkable dynamics in the establishment, rearrangement, and loss of dentition during the ontogeny of the sterlet sturgeon
Authors: Pospisilova Anna , Stundl Jan , Brejcha Jindrich , Metscher Brian D. , Psenicka Martin , Cerny Robert , Soukup Vladimír 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSturgeons belong to an early‐branching lineage often used as a proxy of ancestor‐like traits of ray‐finned fishes. However, many features of this lineage, such as the transitory presence and the eventual loss of dentition, exemplify specializations that, in fact, provide important information on lineage‐specific evolutionary dynamics.ResultsHere, we introduce a detailed overview of the dentition during the development of the sterlet sturgeon. The dentition is composed of tooth fields at oral, palatal, and anterior pharyngeal regions. Oral fields are single‐rowed, non‐renewed and are shed early. Palatal and pharyngeal fields are multi‐rowed and renewed from the adjacent superficial epithelium without the presence of the successional dental lamina. The early loss of oral fields and subsequent establishment of palatal and pharyngeal fields leads to a translocation of the functional dentition from the front to the rear of the oropharyngeal cavity until the eventual loss of all teeth.ConclusionsOur survey shows the sterlet dentition as a dynamic organ system displaying differential composition at different time points in the lifetime of this fish. These dynamics represent a conspicuous feature of sturgeons, unparalleled among extant vertebrates, and appropriate to scrutinize developmental and evolutionary underpinnings of vertebrate odontogenesis.
Integrating disparate datasets to model the functional response of a marine predator: A case study of harbour porpoises in the southern North Sea
Authors: Ransijn Janneke M. , Hammond Philip S. , Leopold Mardik F. , Sveegaard Signe , Smout Sophie C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Quantifying consumption and prey choice for marine predator species is key to understanding their interaction with prey species, fisheries, and the ecosystem as a whole. However, parameterizing a functional response for large predators can be challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining the required data on predator diet and on the availability of multiple prey species.

This study modeled a multi‐species functional response (MSFR) to describe the relationship between consumption by harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and the availability of multiple prey species in the southern North Sea. Bayesian methodology was employed to estimate MSFR parameters and to incorporate uncertainties in diet and prey availability estimates. Prey consumption was estimated from stomach content data from stranded harbour porpoises. Prey availability to harbour porpoises was estimated based on the spatial overlap between prey distributions, estimated from fish survey data, and porpoise foraging range in the days prior to stranding predicted from telemetry data.

Results indicated a preference for sandeels in the study area. Prey switching behavior (change in preference dependent on prey abundance) was confirmed by the favored type III functional response model. Variation in the size of the foraging range (estimated area where harbour porpoises could have foraged prior to stranding) did not alter the overall pattern of the results or conclusions.

Integrating datasets on prey consumption from strandings, predator foraging distribution using telemetry, and prey availability from fish surveys into the modeling approach provides a methodological framework that may be appropriate for fitting MSFRs for other predators.
Sensing of the Induced Helical Chirality by the Chiroptical Response of the Ferrocene Chromophore
Authors: Nuskol Marko , Šutalo Petar , Kodrin Ivan , Semenčić Mojca Čakić 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe experimental (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism) and computational (density functional theory) methods allowed us to demonstrate the potential of the ferrocene chromophore to translate chiral information stored at N‐terminally attached l‐Ala, and transmitted through achiral (Aib)n sequence (n=1 to 3), into a characteristic signal in circular dichroism spectra near 470 nm. The sufficiently long tetrapeptide forms a robust and highly organized 310 helices capable of perturbing the environment of the highly symmetric ferrocene chromophore in an asymmetric manner. The origin of the sign in the circular dichroism spectra of the ferrocene chromophore (near the 470 nm) strongly correlates with the sign of the dihedral angle χ, accounting for a rotation of a substituent attached to the cyclopentadienyl ring that depends on the helicity of peptide sequence. These observations may help us in the design of future ferrocene‐based probes for the assignment of the screw‐sense preference of short peptides.
Hepatitis B virus genotype is an independent prognostic factor of telbivudine and tenofovir treatment in hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive pregnant women
Authors: Zhang Baofang , Yu Lei , Cheng Mingliang , Zhang Quan , Wu Jun , Yang Jing , Liu Qin , Lu Shuang , Zhao Xueke , Deng KaiSheng , Liu Yongmei , Wang Jun , Zhao Peiling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo investigate whether HBV genotype influences the effect of tenofovir and telbivudine on HBV DNA and RNA levels in HBsAg‐positive pregnant women. This was a retrospective study of 74 HBsAg‐positive pregnant women in Guizhou of China. All patients were treated with telbivudine or tenofovir from 12 weeks of pregnancy and HBV infection to the date of delivery. Blood samples were collected at 12–24, 28–32, and 36–40 weeks of pregnancy for the measurement of genotype, HBsAg, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, HBV RNA, and liver function, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, total bile acids, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase. All women with HBsAg were followed up. The HBV genotype was B in 64.9% and C in 35.1%. There were 37 patients of telbivudine and tenofovir group respectively. The telbivudine and tenofovir groups showed no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, including liver function tests, HBsAg, HBeAg, log10(HBV DNA), and log10(HBV RNA). Compared with baseline (12–24 weeks), telbivudine group showed a significant increase in ALP and significant reductions in HBsAg, HBeAg, log10(HBV DNA), and log10(HBV RNA) at 36–40 weeks (p < .05). Tenofovir group exhibited a significant increase in ALP and significant reductions in HBeAg, log10(HBV DNA), and log10(HBV RNA) at 36–40 weeks, compared with baseline (p < .05). HBV genotype (B vs. C) was independently associated with HBV DNA change after therapy (p = .005). In telbivudine group, log10 (HBV DNA) increased from 3.38 (2.00–7.30) to 7.43 (4.68–8.70). In tenofovir group, log10 (HBV DNA) decreased from 7.52 (3.32–8.70) to 2.98 (2.00–5.01). HBV genotype was independently associated with HBV DNA change response to telbivudine or tenofovir in pregnant women with hepatitis B. These findings might be helpful for risk assessment regarding vertical transmission of HBV in HBeAg‐positive mothers treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues.
Egg consumption improves vascular and gut microbiota function without increasing inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative stress markers
Authors: Liu Xiang , Shao Yijia , Sun Jiapan , Tu Jiazichao , Wang Zhichao , Tao Jun , Chen Jimei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEgg consumption is one of the many inconsistencies in evidence linking dietary cholesterol to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, the gut microbiota and its metabolite, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), have been shown to play a crucial role in the development of CVD. The fact that egg is rich in choline suggests that excessive egg consumption may increase TMAO production by altering the gut microbiota. However, the effects of egg consumption on vascular function and gut microbiota remain unclear. Here, the diet of nine young male subjects was supplemented with two boiled eggs daily for 2 weeks. Changes in vascular function, inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota were examined. We found that egg consumption increased flow‐mediated dilation and decreased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity. Furthermore, egg consumption positively modulated the gut microbiota function but had no effects on the levels of C‐reactive protein, glucose, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, or TMAO. The current study provides evidence that egg consumption improves vascular function, which may be related to the alterations seen in the gut microbiota. Therefore, moderate egg consumption may help to improve vascular and intestinal function in individuals at low risk of developing CVD and other metabolic disorders.
Comprehensive analyses of microRNA and mRNA expression in colorectal serrated lesions and colorectal cancer with a microsatellite instability phenotype
Authors: Sugai Tamotsu , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Niinuma Takeshi , Eizuka Makoto , Tanaka Yoshihito , Yamada Shun , Yanagawa Naoki , Otsuka Koki , Sasaki Akira , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) expression is dysregulated in human tumors, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis through altered expression of mRNA. Thus, identification of the relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs is important for evaluating the molecular mechanisms of tumors. In addition, elucidation of the molecular features of serrated lesions is essential in colorectal tumorigenesis. Here, we examined the relationships of miRNA and mRNA expressed in serrated lesions, including 26 sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), 12 traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), and 11 colorectal cancers (CRCs) with a microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype using crypt isolation. We divided the samples into the first and second cohorts for validation. Array‐based expression analyses were used to evaluate miRNAs and mRNAs with opposite expression patterns in isolated tumor glands. In addition, we validated the relationships of miRNA/mRNA pairs in the second cohort using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the expression of miRNA‐5787 was correlated with reciprocal expression of two mRNAs, that is, SRRM2 and POLR2J3, in SSL samples. In TSA samples, two pairs of miRNAs/mRNAs showing opposite expression patterns, that is, miRNA‐182‐5p/ETF1 and miRNA‐200b‐3p/MYB, were identified. Ultimately, three pairs of miRNAs/mRNAs with opposite expression patterns, including miRNA‐222‐3p/SLC26A3, miRNA‐6753‐3p/FABP1, and miRNA‐222‐3p/OLFM4, were retained in CRC with an MSI phenotype. Finally, we performed transfection with an miR‐222‐3p mimic to confirm the expression of SLC26A3 and OLFM4; the results showed that ectopic expression of miR‐222‐3p moderately suppressed OLFM4 and downregulated SLC26A3 to some extent. Overall, our results provided basic insights into the evaluation of colorectal tumorigenesis of serrated lesions and CRC with an MSI phenotype.
Geographic disparities in head and neck cancer survival in Upstate New York 2011–2019
Authors: Ravikumar Saiganesh , Casellas Nicolas J. , Shah Shalini , Rieth Katherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between distance to care‐center and urban–rural residence on 5‐year overall survival (OS) from head and neck cancer (HNC).Materials and methodsFive‐year OS was retrospectively measured from date of initial diagnosis for patients with HNC treated at a single tertiary care center. Distances were calculated based on ZIP code of patient's residence and care center. Multilevel Weibull regression was used to adjust for confounders and identify disparities in 5‐year all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 670 patients included in study. Multivariable analysis revealed older age or late‐stage cancer at diagnosis, and HPV negative status were associated with poorer OS. Patients residing in isolated small rural town (HR = 2.20, p = 0.015) or small rural town (HR = 2.07, p = 0.015) had lower OS. Distance to care center was not associated with OS (HR = 0.996, p = 0.11).ConclusionsGreater rurality was associated with poorer OS among HNC patients in Upstate New York.
Effects of chemical reaction, Soret and Lorentz force on Casson fluid flow past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Ramakrishna Suresh Babu , N. L. Ramesh , Kumar Thavada Sravan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to explore the effects of heat and mass transfer on unsteady chemically reacted Casson liquid flow over an exponentially accelerated vertical plate in a porous medium. It is assumed that the bounding plate has varying temperatures as well as concentrations in a porous medium under a uniform magnetic field. This phenomenon is modeled in the form of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) with boundary conditions. The governing dimensionless PDEs are solved using Laplace transform method for velocity, temperature, and concentration. The impact of nondimensional parameters, which are controlling the flow like Casson parameter, Soret number, magnetic parameter, heat generation parameter, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, and Schmidt number is analyzed through graphs. The incremental values of the Casson fluid parameter lead to a reduction in velocity and discovered that for large values of the Casson parameter, the fluid is near to the Newtonian fluid. Also, the Sherwood number increases with enhancing dissimilar estimators of the Schmidt and Soret numbers. A comparison has been made with the published work (Kataria et al.) for a particular case, which was in good agreement.
Developmental changes in infants' physical contact with others across the transitional period from crawling to walking
Authors: Toyama Noriko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigates infants' touching behaviors with others during naturalistic observations in a daycare center in Japan. Interactions between eight infants and their caretakers during free play time were videotaped. The obtained data were examined based on infants' postures and the body parts used to engage in interpersonal touch during locomotor development. As the locomotor period progressed from crawling to walking, the infants made bodily contact more frequently. When they were crawlers, incidental touch occurred often, but with progress in locomotion, purposeful (instrumental and social) touch became more common. Infants' purposeful touch occurred more frequently when they used their hands than when they used other body parts to touch. Touching with hands was more frequent when (a) infants who were able to walk were in walking postures than when they were unable to walk and in crawling postures; (b) infants who could walk were in sitting postures than when they could not walk and were in sitting postures, and (c) infants who could walk were in standing postures than when they were in sitting postures. Infants' locomotor development freed infants' hands from locomotion, and overall progress in physical coordination helped infants maintain balance. These advances in motor development made infants' touch behaviors social.
Mechanical in vitro fatigue testing of implant materials and components using advanced characterization techniques
Authors: Wegner Nils , Klein Martin , Scholz Ronja , Kotzem Daniel , Macias Barrientos Marina , Walther Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImplants of different material classes have been used for the reconstruction of damaged hard and soft tissue for decades. The aim is to increase and subsequently maintain the patient's quality of life through implantation. In service, most implants are subjected to cyclic loading, which must be taken particularly into consideration, since the fatigue strength is far below the yield and tensile strength. Inaccurate estimation of the structural strength of implants due to the consideration of yield or tensile strength leads to a miscalculation of the implant's fatigue strength and lifetime, and therefore, to its unexpected early fatigue failure. Thus, fatigue failure of an implant based on overestimated performance capability represents acute danger to human health. The determination of fatigue strength by corresponding tests investigating various stress amplitudes is time‐consuming and cost‐intensive. This study summarizes four investigation series on the fatigue behavior of different implant materials and components, following a standard and an in vitro short‐time testing procedure, which evaluates the material reaction in one enhanced test set‐up. The test set‐up and the applied characterization methods were adapted to the respective application of the implant with the aim to simulate the surrounding of the human body with laboratory in vitro tests only. It could be shown that by using the short‐time testing method the number of tests required to determine the fatigue strength can be drastically reduced. In future, therefore it will be possible to exclude unsuitable implant materials or components before further clinical investigations by using a time‐efficient and application‐oriented testing method.
Twelve‐year sarcopenia trajectories in older adults: results from a population‐based study
Authors: Trevisan Caterina , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Calvani Riccardo , Picca Anna , Welmer Anna‐Karin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamic nature of sarcopenia, including possible transitions between its different stages, is currently unknown. We aimed to explore 12 year transitions through sarcopenia stages and identify factors associated with different sarcopenia trajectories in older adults.MethodsWe included 3219 participants (aged ≥60 years, 35.8% men, 96.4% community‐dwelling) from the SNAC‐K study. No sarcopenia (normal muscle strength and mass), probable sarcopenia (low muscle strength and normal muscle mass), and sarcopenia (low muscle strength and mass) were assessed at baseline and up to 12 years. Such conditions were defined based on a modified version of the EWGSOP2 criteria with muscle strength evaluated through handgrip or chair stand tests, and muscle mass from calf circumference. We estimated 1, 5, and 10 year transition probabilities through continuous‐time multistage Markov modelling. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with the likelihood of different transitions were evaluated with proportional intensity models, and the associations' strength was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsParticipants with no sarcopenia had 10‐year probabilities of 17.1% and 5.1% to develop probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia, and a 40.4% chance of not transitioning. Those with probable sarcopenia had similar 5‐year chances of developing sarcopenia (10.3%) and reverting to no sarcopenia (10.7%). Participants with sarcopenia had chances to revert to probable sarcopenia ranging from 8.2% (at 5 years) to 4.7% (at 10 years), and a 70.9% chance of dying after 10 years. Older age (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07–1.14), male sex (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.16–2.91), current smoking (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.16–2.91), and higher number of chronic diseases (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.14) were associated with sarcopenia development, while higher levels of physical activity (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.19–2.84) and cognitive function (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.31 per each 1‐point increase in the Mini‐Mental State Examination) were associated with subsequent higher reversion rates from probable sarcopenia to no sarcopenia (P < 0.05 for all). None of the explored characteristics were associated with sarcopenia reversion to healthier stages.ConclusionsSarcopenia appears to be a dynamic condition with possible two‐way transitions between different sarcopenia stages, especially the earliest ones. Timely interventions to improve physical and cognitive function and better control individuals' chronic conditions could help counteract sarcopenia progression.