bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The healing effect of cute elements
Authors: Chou Hsuan‐Yi , Chu Xing‐Yu (Marcos) , Chen Tzu‐Chun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsumers around the world use retail therapy to alleviate negative emotions. In response, marketers have incorporated cute elements into product design, capitalizing on the demand for products that provide healing effects. Grounded on attention restoration theory, this study explores how baby and whimsical cuteness generate feelings of healing. It also clarifies the moderating effect of product type and examines whether feelings of healing affect consumer subjective well‐being, product attitudes, and purchase intentions. The results indicate that products with cute elements generate stronger feelings of healing. Baby cuteness is relatively more effective than whimsical cuteness. Cuteness arouses feelings of healing through the mechanisms of fascination and extent. Incorporating cute elements with utilitarian (vs. hedonic) products enhances these healing effects. Feelings of healing mediate the cuteness effect on well‐being and attitudinal responses. These findings are valuable to marketing theory and practice and consumer well‐being.
Outdoor daylight exposure and longer sleep promote wellbeing under COVID‐19 mandated restrictions
Authors: Korman Maria , Tkachev Vadim , Reis Cátia , Komada Yoko , Kitamura Shingo , Gubin Denis , Kumar Vinod , Roenneberg Till 
Published: September 2021

SummaryLight is an important regulator of daily human physiology in providing time‐of‐day information for the circadian clock to stay synchronised with the 24‐hr day. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to social restrictions in many countries to prevent virus spreading, restrictions that dramatically altered daily routines and limited outdoor daylight exposure. We previously reported that sleep duration increased, social jetlag decreased, and mid‐sleep times delayed during social restrictions (Global Chrono Corona Survey,N = 7,517). In the present study, we investigated in the same dataset changes in wellbeing and their link to outdoor daylight exposure, and sleep–wake behaviour. In social restrictions, median values of sleep quality, quality of life, physical activity and productivity deteriorated, while screen time increased, and outdoor daylight exposure was reduced by ~58%. Yet, many survey participants also reported no changes or even improvements. Larger reductions in outdoor daylight exposure were linked to deteriorations in wellbeing and delayed mid‐sleep times. Notably, sleep duration was not associated with outdoor daylight exposure loss. Longer sleep and decreased alarm‐clock use dose‐dependently correlated with changes in sleep quality and quality of life. Regression analysis for each wellbeing aspect showed that a model with six predictors including both levels and their deltas of outdoor daylight exposure, sleep duration and mid‐sleep timing explained 5%–10% of the variance in changes of wellbeing scores (except for productivity). As exposure to daylight may extenuate the negative effects of social restriction and prevent sleep disruption, public strategies during pandemics should actively foster spending more daytime outdoors.
Effectiveness of an internet‐based intervention to improve sleep difficulties in a culturally diverse sample of international students: A randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Spanhel Kerstin , Burdach Daniela , Pfeiffer Teresa , Lehr Dirk , Spiegelhalder Kai , Ebert David D. , Baumeister Harald , Bengel Juergen , Sander Lasse B. 
Published: September 2021

SummarySleep difficulties are widespread among international students. Internet‐based interventions are suggested as a low‐threshold treatment option but may require cultural adaptation among culturally diverse populations. The present pilot study investigated the effectiveness and acceptance of an internet‐based intervention to improve sleep difficulties in international students. A total of 81 international students of 36 nationalities were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 41) or waitlist control group (n = 40). The intervention group received immediate access to a culturally non‐adapted unguided internet‐based sleep intervention consisting of three modules based on sleep hygiene and cognitive techniques to reduce rumination. At baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after randomisation, insomnia severity, measured by the Insomnia Severity Index, and secondary outcomes (sleep quality, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, well‐being, presenteeism, mental health literacy) were assessed. Data were analysed using linear multi‐level analyses. Additionally, satisfaction and perceived cultural appropriateness of the intervention were evaluated by international students after 4 weeks, and compared with ratings of German students, who represent the original target group. Insomnia severity improved over time in the intervention group compared to the control group, revealing a significant estimated mean difference of −5.60 (Hedges’ g = 0.84, p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Satisfaction and perceived cultural appropriateness was high and comparable to that of German students. The present study shows that a culturally non‐adapted internet‐based sleep intervention can be a low‐threshold treatment option to help meet the high demand for mental healthcare among international students. It thus indicates that cultural adaptation might not represent a precondition for providing effective internet‐based sleep interventions to this target group.
Histological description of the early gonadal development of Arapaima gigas, paiche
Authors: Zelada‐Mázmela Ronald Fernando , Gutiérrez Gustavo Augusto , Zelada‐Mázmela Eliana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArapaima gigas, paiche, is the largest freshwater fish species in the South American Amazon. Despite the importance of an accurate understanding of the species' gonadal sexual differentiation mechanisms, the gonadogenesis process is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of the early gonadal development of paiche fry, belonging to the same “levante” (“levante” is the word used to describe the removal of fry from the male paiche). The fry was sampled during the month of September 2016; from the 5‐day post “levante” (dpl) to the 51 dpl with a minimum size of 2.7 cm and a maximum size of 16.0 cm in total length. The histology showed a large concentration of cells in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity in 5 dpl fry, being greater in the left side. In addition, the gonadal ridges appeared at 6 dpl and the gonadal primordia appeared at 7 dpl. The two gonadal primordia were observed with different sizes, where the left primordia were larger and more basophilic than the right primordia. Finally, gonad differentiation between presumable females and males were observed with some structural differentiation between presumable females and presumable males since 43 post hatching day.
Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy Using Computed Navigation Guidance for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, Sacroiliac Fusion, and Femoroacetabular Impingement Owing to Acetabular Retroversion: A Case Report
Authors: Shimamura Masashi , Iwata Ken , Fujiki Takaaki , Mashiba Tasuku , Yamamoto Tetsuji 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the main factor that causes secondary osteoarthritis of the hip (hip OA). Acetabular retroversion results in pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and this is also known to cause secondary hip OA. However, few cases of DDH with acetabular retroversion have been reported, and there is no definite opinion on the optimal treatment. We report a rare case of DDH and FAI owing to acetabular retroversion and dysostosis of the sacroiliac joint that was treated with eccentric acetabular rotational osteotomy (ERAO) using navigation guidance.Case PresentationA 27‐year‐old woman presented with DDH and acetabular retroversion with FAI and dysostosis of the sacroiliac joint on the contralateral side. We performed ERAO using computed navigation guidance and improved the coverage and retroversion of the acetabulum. The acetabular anteversion angle improved from 1° retroversion to 9° anteversion after surgery, the center edge angle improved from 18° to 43°, and the acetabular head index improved from 69% to 93%. The cam lesion of the femur was resected. The Harris Hip Score improved from 55.7 to 100 points at the final examination 2 years after surgery.ConclusionsIn this rare case of DDH and FAI, ERAO using computed navigation guidance accurately improved the coverage and retroversion of the acetabulum.
Unraveling salt‐responsive tissue‐specific metabolic pathways in olive tree
Authors: Skodra Christina , Michailidis Michail , Dasenaki Marilena , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Tanou Georgia , Molassiotis Athanassios 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalinity is a serious constraint that reduces olive crop productivity. Here, we defined metabolite and gene expression changes in various tissues of olive trees (cv. “Chondrolia Chalkidikis”) exposed to 75 mM NaCl for 45 days. Results showed that salinity induced foliar symptoms and impaired growth and photosynthetic parameters. The content of Na+ and Cl− in roots, xylem, phloem and leaves increased, although the Na+ levels in old leaves and Cl− in young leaves remained unaffected. Mannitol was accumulated in roots and old leaves challenged by salinity. NaCl‐treated trees have a decreased TCA‐associated metabolites, such as citric and malic acid, as well as changes in phenylpropanoid‐associated metabolites (i.e., pinoresinol and vanillic acid) and genes (OePLRTp2 and OeCA4H). Salt treatment resulted in hydroxyl‐decarboxylmethyl eleuropein aglycone accumulation and OeGTF up‐regulation in new leaves, possibly suggesting that oleuropein metabolism was modified by NaCl. Tyrosine metabolism, particularly verbascoside levels and OePPO and OehisC expressions, was modulated by salinity. Both genes (e.g., OeAtF3H and OeFNSII) and metabolites (e.g., apigenin and luteolin) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were induced in old leaves exposed to NaCl. Based on these data, we constructed an interaction scheme of changes in metabolites and transcripts across olive tissues upon salinity. Particularly, several metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in roots, while many sugars, carbohydrates and flavonoids were increased in leaves. This study provided a framework for better understanding the possible mechanisms that govern the tissue‐specific response of olive tree to salinity stress, with insights into molecules that can be used for olive crop improvement projects.
New drought‐adaptive loci underlying candidate genes on wheat chromosome 4B with improved photosynthesis and yield responses
Authors: Siddiqui Md Nurealam , Teferi Tesfaye J. , Ambaw Abebaw M. , Gabi Melesech T. , Koua Patrice , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlag leaf serves as an essential source of assimilates during grain filling, thereby contributing to grain yield up to 48%. Thus, high‐throughput phenotyping of flag leaves is crucial to determine their physiological and genetic basis of yield formation and drought adaptation. Here, we utilized 200 wheat cultivars to identify drought‐adaptive loci underlying candidate genes associated with flag leaf biomass and photosynthesis‐related traits using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). GWAS revealed 21 significant marker‐trait associations for key photosynthetic traits in response to drought stress. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in these SNPs intervals discovered 103 significant SNPs that established distinct LD blocks containing a total of 382 candidate genes putatively involved in physiological processes, including photosynthesis and water responses. Further, in silico transcript analysis identified two candidate genes in locus AX‐580365925 on chromosome 4B, those were found to be highly expressed under drought and associated with proton‐transporting ATP synthase activity and stress response pathways. Accordingly, we identified significant allelic haplotype differences on this same locus. The tolerant haplotype (higher chlorophyll content under drought) representing major allele was more abundant and stably increased photosynthetic efficiency and yield under drought scenarios. Collectively, this study offers new adaptive loci and beneficial alleles to reshape the flag leaf physiological and associated photosynthetic components for better yield and sustainability to water‐deficit stress.
Understanding the potential of root microbiome influencing salt‐tolerance in plants and mechanisms involved at the transcriptional and translational level
Authors: Roy Swarnendu , Chakraborty Arka Pratim , Chakraborty Rakhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil salinity severely affects plant growth and development and imparts inevitable losses to crop productivity. Increasing the concentration of salts in the vicinity of plant roots has severe consequences at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These include loss of chlorophyll, decrease in photosynthetic rate, reduction in cell division, ROS generation, inactivation of antioxidative enzymes, alterations in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and so forth. The association of microorganisms, viz. plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, endophytes, and mycorrhiza, with plant roots constituting the root microbiome can confer a greater degree of salinity tolerance in addition to their inherent ability to promote growth and induce defense mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in induced stress tolerance bestowed by these microorganisms involve the modulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways (including indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid), accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, and sugar alcohols), and regulation of ion transporters (SOS1, NHX, HKT1). Apart from this, salt‐tolerant microorganisms are known to induce the expression of salt‐responsive genes via the action of several transcription factors, as well as by posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Moreover, the potential of these salt‐tolerant microflora can be employed for sustainably improving crop performance in saline environments. Therefore, this review will briefly focus on the key responses of plants under salinity stress and elucidate the mechanisms employed by the salt‐tolerant microorganisms in improving plant tolerance under saline environments.
Evaluation and screening of elite wheat germplasm for salinity stress at the seedling phase
Authors: Choudhary Anuj , Kaur Nirmaljit , Sharma Achla , Kumar Antul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalinity is one of the most important constraints for global cereal production, and breeding for salinity tolerance is a challenge. The limited gene pools, merged information regarding osmotic stress/tissue tolerance mechanism(s) including the accumulation of Na+, over‐stressed on the Na+ exclusion mechanism, and inadequate suitable screening methods further weaken the progress. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the salt tolerance in Triticum aestivum lines using the membership function value (MFV) of certain traits viz., the root and shoot length (RL & SL), shoot and root fresh weight (SFW & RFW), shoot and root dry weight (SDW & RDW) and germination percentage (GP). This study screened 314 wheat lines (278 linked top cross population [LTPs] and 36 normal wheat cultivars) under lab conditions to evaluate their salt tolerance. A positive, and the highest, correlation coefficient was recorded between salt tolerance index (STI) of SL and the STI of RL.0.11 highly salt tolerant (HST), 59 salt tolerant (ST), 100 moderately salt tolerant (MST), 137 salt sensitive (SS), and seven highly salt sensitive (HSS) were observed with a distance of 2.2 between each category. The R‐square value was maximum (0.836) between the STI of SFW and the mean MFV, which can be used as the most reliable trait for the salinity tolerance in T. aestivum at the germination phase. Wheat tolerant lines had higher tolerance to salt stress in comparison with the used normal wheat cultivars were detected at the seedling stage.
Public Management for Populists: Trump's Schedule F Executive Order and the Future of the Civil Service
Authors: Moynihan Donald P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor over a century, the value of employee protections and limits on direct political control has been the sine qua non of a merit‐based bureaucracy for the US public service. Such assumptions are at odds with the desire of populist governments to exert control over institutions of governance. This tension emerged during the Trump administration. Trump's Schedule F Executive Order sought to transform much of the career public service into political appointees, allowing them to be removed if they were not performing according to the president's goals. In the chaotic last days of the Trump administration, the order was not implemented, but Schedule F offers both a glimpse of an alternative process for public management policymaking that excludes the field of public administration, as well as a potential harbinger for the future of the US civil service.
Blood flow rate: An independent risk factor of mortality in Chinese hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Xinju , Niu Qingyu , Gan Liangying , Hou Fan Fan , Liang Xinling , Ni Zhaohui , Chen Xiaonong , McCullough Keith , Zhao Junhui , Robinson Bruce , Chen Yuqing , Zuo Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggested the association between blood flow rate (BFR) and mortality might be beyond dialysis adequacy. This study aimed to explore if BFR is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in Chinese hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThis study included data from patients in China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) Phase 5. Patients with a record of BFR were included, and demographic data, comorbidities, hospitalization, and death records were collected. Associations between BFR and all‐cause mortality and hospitalization were analyzed using Cox regression models.ResultsOne thousand four hundred twelve (98.9%) patients were included. Most patients were with BFR < 300 ml/min. After full adjustment, each 10‐ml/min increase of BFR was associated with a 6.4% decrease in all‐cause mortality risk (HR: 0.936, 95% CI: 0.880–0.996) but not first hospitalization (HR: 0.987, 95% CI: 0.949–1.027). The impact of BFR on mortality may be more prominent in patients who were male gender, nondiabetic, albumin < 4.0 g/dl, and hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl.ConclusionIncreased BFR is independently associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality within the range of BFR 200–300 ml/min. And this effect is more pronounced in patients who were male gender, nondiabetic, albumin < 4.0 g/dl, and hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl.
Profiling of elite male junior 50 m freestyle sprinters: Understanding the speed‐time relationship
Authors: Morais Jorge E. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Silva António J. , Veiga Santiago , Marinho Daniel A. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to (1) analyze and compare the race performance and stability between the fastest and slowest male swimmers during the 50 m freestyle event, and (2) to understand the speed‐time relationship in this race. The performances (start, clean swim, and finish) of 86 swimmers (divided into two tiers: best and poorest performances) who competed in the 50 m freestyle event in the 2019 long course LEN European Junior Championships were analyzed. The swimming speed presented a significant difference between the groups (tier #1 vs tier #2) in all sections of the race, in which the start (S0–15 m: p < 0.001, d = 1.64) and finish sections (S45‐50: p < 0.001, d = 1.63) showed the greatest differences. Significant variances over the race sections were noted for both groups in all variables, in which the swimming speed was the variable with the highest variance (tier #1: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.72; tier #2: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.82). Both groups exhibited a similar normative stability, with the fastest swimmers tending to be the best in all sections. The fit analysis produced a cubic speed‐time relationship. Notwithstanding, junior swimmers who raced the 50 m freestyle can be considered to have an all‐out pacing. This information is of paramount importance for coaches and swimmers to understand the intra‐lap race performance in this short event.
An Efficient One-Step Moment Balancing Algorithm for Computing Medial and Lateral Knee Compartment Contact Forces
Authors: Manal Kurt , Buchanan Thomas S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The knee adduction moment is associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The adduction moment reflects the net effect of muscles, passive tissues and bone-on-bone contact forces. Medial compartment OA is more common than lateral and therefore our ability to correctly partition bone-on-bones forces across the medial and lateral compartments is key to understanding mechanical factors associated with the onset and progression of knee OA. In this technical brief we present an efficient one-step moment balancing algorithm linking the sagittal and frontal planes in the determination of musculotendon forces. Novel to the one-step approach is the introduction of a penalty function limiting total compressive force from acting in the lateral compartment when the internal moment is net abduction (i.e., external knee adduction). Medial and lateral knee contact forces were computed using the one-step moment balancing algorithm for 10 subjects walking at a self-selected pace and compared to values determined using a well-established two-step frontal moment balancing approach. Overall, average peak differences in magnitude and timing were small and the ensemble-averaged contact force profiles were similar between methods. The only statistical difference was slightly larger (0.2 BWs) peak medial contact force for the one-step method during the first half of stance, however these differences are small relative to peak values and would not likely alter interpretation of the data. The 1-step moment balancing method is a more efficient methodology for computing medial and lateral knee contact forces that can be used in place of two-step frontal plane moment balancing.
Testing a Quaternion Conversion Method to Determine Human Three-Dimensional Tibiofemoral Angles During an In Vitro Simulated Jump Landing
Authors: Ajdaroski Mirel , Ashton-Miller James A. , Baek So Young , Shahshahani Payam Mirshams , Esquivel Amanda O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLower limb joint kinematics have been measured in laboratory settings using fixed camera-based motion capture systems; however, recently inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been developed as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to test a quaternion conversion (QC) method for calculating the three orthogonal knee angles during the high velocities associated with a jump landing using commercially available IMUs. Nine cadaveric knee specimens were instrumented with APDM Opal IMUs to measure knee kinematics in one-legged 3–4× bodyweight simulated jump landings, four of which were used in establishing the parameters (training) for the new method and five for validation (testing). We compared the angles obtained from the QC method to those obtained from a commercially available sensor and algorithm (APDM Opal) with those calculated from an active marker motion capture system. Results showed a significant difference between both IMU methods and the motion capture data in the majority of orthogonal angles (p &lt; 0.01), though the differences between the QC method and Certus system in the testing set for flexion and rotation angles were smaller than the APDM Opal algorithm, indicating an improvement. Additionally, in all three directions, both the limits of agreement and root-mean-square error between the QC method and the motion capture system were smaller than between the commercial algorithm and the motion capture.