bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes Labialis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cytomegalovirus Infections and Risk of Dementia: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Zilli Eduardo Marques , O’Donnell Adrienne , Salinas Joel , Aparicio Hugo J. , Gonzales Mitzi Michelle , Jacob Mini , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: May 2021

Background: An association between chronic infectious diseases and development of dementia has been suspected for decades, based on the finding of pathogens in postmortem brain tissue and on serological evidence. However, questions remain regarding confounders, reverse causality, and how accurate, reproducible and generalizable those findings are. Objective: Investigate whether exposure to Herpes simplex (manifested as herpes labialis), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) modifies the risk of dementia in a populational cohort. Methods: Questionnaires regarding incidence of herpes infections were administered to Original Framingham Study participants (n = 2,632). Serologies for C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, and CMV were obtained in Original (n = 2,351) and Offspring cohort (n = 3,687) participants. Participants are under continuous dementia surveillance. Brain MRI and neuropsychological batteries were administered to Offspring participants from 1999–2005. The association between each infection and incident dementia was tested with Cox models. Linear models were used to investigate associations between MRI or neuropsychological parameters and serologies. Results: There was no association between infection serologies and dementia incidence, total brain volume, and white matter hyperintensities. Herpes labialis was associated with reduced 10-year dementia risk (HR 0.66, CI 0.46–0.97), but not for the duration of follow-up. H. pylori antibodies were associated with worse global cognition (β –0.14, CI –0.22, –0.05). Conclusion: We found no association between measures of chronic infection and incident dementia, except for a reduction in 10-year dementia risk for patients with herpes labialis. This unexpected result requires confirmation and further characterization, concerning antiviral treatment effects and capture of episodes.
La percepción de los exportadores sobre el apoyo a la internacionalización
Authors: De Política Comercial S. G. de Estudios y Evaluación de Instrumentos 
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la Encuesta de Percepciones sobre el Apoyo a la Internacionalización de 2021 (EPAI 2021). Se trata de una investigación que aporta información sobre el conocimiento que tienen las empresas que exportan con regularidad acerca de los principales instrumentos de apoyo a la internacionalización (ICEX, CESCE, las líneas ICO de internacionalización, la red de Oficinas Económicas y Comerciales en el exterior, FIEM y COFIDES), el uso que hacen de los mismos y el grado de satisfacción con los resultados obtenidos. La EPAI 2021 ofrece, además, resultados desagregados por sectores e intervalos de exportación y, en el caso de los principales instrumentos (ICEX y CESCE), explora las causas por las que algunas empresas no los utilizan, a pesar de conocerlos. Las valoraciones de las empresas, obtenidas a través de la encuesta, facilitan que se alcancen conclusiones útiles para la mejora de la eficacia de las políticas de apoyo a la internacionalización.
Translating risk to preventable burden by estimating numbers of bicycling injuries preventable by separated infrastructure on a Toronto, Ontario corridor
Authors: Thompson Calum , Branion-Calles Michael , Harris Anne 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Bicycling is a form of active transportation with a number of health benefits but carries a high risk of injury compared to other transportation modes. Safety intervention evaluations often produce results in the form of ratios, which can be difficult to communicate to policy-makers. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the number of bicycling injuries on an urban corridor preventable by separated bicycling infrastructure.
Methods: Stakeholders identified a key corridor with multiple segments having bicycling infrastructure but most of the corridor lacking similar infrastructure. We counted bicyclist volume along this route and used secondary data to supplement counts missing due to COVID-19. We used two reference studies including local bicycling population to estimate benefit of separated bicycling infrastructure and applied this to a city-wide estimate of baseline risk of injury per kilometre bicycled, which used a combination of secondary data sources including police, health care and travel survey data. Finally, we adjusted baseline risk to account for increased bicyclist volume during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: We estimated installation of fully separated cycle tracks along one Toronto corridor would prevent approximately 152.9 injuries and 0.9 fatalities over a 10-year period.
Discussion: Our results underscore the benefits of separated bicycling infrastructure. We identify several caveats for our results, including the limitations of studies used to estimate relative risk of infrastructure. Our method could be adapted for use in other cities or along other corridors. Finally, we discuss the role of preventable burden estimates as a knowledge translation tool.
Morphosyntactical Errors in Students' Recount Text
Authors: Harahap Atika Nur Alami , Nurlela Nurlela , Mono Umar 
Published: May 2021

The aims of the study are to identify the morphosyntactical errors which occur in students’ recount text, to describe the most and least of morphosyntactical errors in students’ recount text and to explain the reason of morphosyntactical errors occurrence in students’ recount text by XI AK at SMK Kartika 1-3 Medan. The primary data are all word, phrases and sentences in students’ recount text in the 2020 period. The method used was the qualitative method. The result of the research identified types of morphosyntactical errors; noun morphology, verb morphology, adverb morphology, adjective morphology, noun phrase, verb phrase, word order and transformation. Based the theory used to identify the error is adapted by dulay surface taxonomy, which are; addition, ommission, misorder, and misformation. Misformation of verb morphology is the most frequent error made by the student around 45% of the total error came from this error and parameter. The second most frequently error are ommission of noun phrase with the total error sum up to 21%, misordering of noun morphology 13%, addition of verb 11%, addition of word order 8%, the last adverb and adjective morphology 1%. On the other hand, transformation parameters in all errors didn’t occur due to the monotonous of sentences used by student. Almost all the sentences are in the form of declarative sentence with a positive statement form. This research concludes that the student less of information about the use verb 2 in recount text, so they just write what they know and the student confused in used verb especially changed verb 1 into verb 2 in recount text. The reason behind this error is due to ‘Misconception’ of the student.
Frequency of Hypoglycemia in Medical Emergency Department of A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Shangkar , Chowdhury Mohammad Mahabubul Alam , Salam Ahmed , Uddin Md Rafiq , Chowdhury Sumon Rahman , Kabir Mohammad Mahmudul , Kabir Md Lutful , Chowdhury Sharmin , Mohiuddin SM 
Published: May 2021

Background: Hypoglycemia is the commonest medical emergency in diabetic patients. It is also the most important limiting factor in intensive control of diabetes. To find out the frequency of hypoglycemia in Medical Emergency of BIRDEM General Hospital.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional observational study was done at the Medical Emergency Department of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of March, 2015 to November, 2015. Among the patients attending the emergency department, hypoglycemic patients were identified. Socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical data was collected from these patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 23.0.
Results: Among the 20564 patients attending the medical emergency department in the specified time period, 577 (2.8%) patients had hypoglycemia. More than half (50.09%) patients were found mild impairment of consciousness (GCS >12).
Conclusion: The present study found that frequency of hypoglycemia in patients attending in Medical Emergency Department of BIRDEM General Hospital was 2.80%.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 8-11
Knowledge and Awareness of Parents Toward Thalassemia
Authors: Barua Tanuka , Barua Dazy , Das Dhananjoy , Talukdar Rupam , Sultana Razia , Arzu Mahmood A Chowdhury 
Published: May 2021

Background: Thalassemias are the most common heritable blood disorders that represents a major public concern. Poor awareness and lack of knowledge lead to increase number of carrier that is a silent reservoir of the disease. To observe the knowledge and awareness level of parents of thalassemic children about the disease.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Thalassemia ward of Chattogram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital, Chattogram from July 2013 to June, 2014. Parents of 70 thalassemia patients aged 2-18 years interviewed with a formulated questionnaire based on knowledge status and awareness level of parents towards thalassemia. Data were analyzed by both manually and by SPSS-18.
Results: Majority of patients were from rural background (54.3%). Only 8.6% parents were consanguineous parents and majority of them completed only secondary education. 44.3% resolved it as inherited disorder. 52.9% resolved thalassemia cannot be cured. Only 24.3% regarded bone marrow transplantation as a measure of cure. More than half (55.7%) did not know how to prevent thalassemia. Only 37.1% knew about prenatal diagnosis. Carrier status of both father and mother were unknown in majority of patients (80%) and screening of sibs was not done at all in a significant number of patients (51.5%). Only 34.3% wanted to do prenatal diagnosis after conception and 65.7% parents were ready to accept therapeutic abortion if fetus would be diagnosed as thalassemia by prenatal diagnosis.
Conclusion: Knowledge level and awareness of parents of thalassemic child regarding the disease is unsatisfactory. To reduce disease burden an awareness program regarding the disease and its prevention covering premarital screening, acceptance of prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion is essential.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 12-15
PENERAPAN KONSEP BALANCED SCORECARD DALAM PENGUKURAN KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH PADA INSTITUT PEMERINTAHAN DALAM NEGERI
Authors: Rasidi Rasidi , Sadmoko Rudi 
Published: May 2021

Performance in the public sector is multidimensional and comprehensive, so that the nature of output produced by the public sector is more intangible output, so to measure the performance of the public sector it is necessary to choose a comprehensive performance measurement technique that is the Balanced Scorecard.
Research Objectives to describe the application of each Balanced Scorecard perspective in measuring agency performance. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method.
IPDN is a public sector organization with a main focus on output that is "producing competent, character and personality cadres of government" which ultimately to serve and improve the welfare of the community. Thus the need for innovative development in implementing a comprehensive organizational performance measurement system that can be implemented by the work unit in measuring the performance of agencies as outlined in the Government Agency Performance Report.
The concept of the Balanced Scorecard is integrated into the IPDN Strategic map and then mapped in the perspective mapping matrix, indicators, weights, and sources of measurement data, so that formulations for Organizational Performance Values ​​can be identified. The modification of the Balanced Scorecard method applied by IPDN agencies includes 4 (four) perspectives namely Customer & stakeholders perspective, Financial perspective, Internal business process perspective, and Learning and Growth perspective. Keywords: Balanced Scorecard, Strategic map, performance
Mussel Inspired Chemistry and Bacteria Derived Polymers for Oral Mucosal Adhesion and Drug Delivery
Authors: Owji Nazanin , Mandakhbayar Nandin , Gregory David A. , Marcello Elena , Kim Hae-won , Roy Ipsita , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2021

Graphical AbstractIllustration of PHA synthesis followed by a simple muscle inspired chemistry polydopamine coating.
Humidity-Insensitive NO2 Sensors Based on SnO2/rGO Composites
Authors: Wang Yingyi , Liu Lin , Sun Fuqin , Li Tie , Zhang Ting , Qin Sujie 
Published: May 2021

This study reported a novel humidity-insensitive nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensor based on tin dioxide (SnO2)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites through the sol-gel method. The sensor demonstrated ppb-level NO2 detection in p-type sensing behaviors (13.6% response to 750 ppb). Because of the synergistic effect on SnO2/rGO p-n heterojunction, the sensing performance was greatly enhanced compared to that of bare rGO. The limit of detection of sensors was as low as 6.7 ppb under dry air. Moreover, benefited from the formed superhydrophobic structure of the SnO2/rGO composites (contact angle: 149.0°), the humidity showed a negligible influence on the dynamic response (Sg) of the sensor to different concentration of NO2 when increasing the relative humidity (RH) from 0 to 70% at 116°C. The relative conductivity of the sensor to 83% relative humidity was 0.11%. In addition, the response ratio (Sg/SRH) between 750 ppb NO2 and 83% RH was 649.0, indicating the negligible impaction of high-level ambient humidity on the sensor. The as-fabricated humidity-insensitive gas sensor can promise NO2 detection in real-world applications such as safety alarm, chemical engineering, and so on.
Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jian-di , Liang Dong-liang , Xie Yue , Chen Mei-yu , Chen Hai-hong , Sun Dan , Hu Hui-qi 
Published: May 2021

Background: The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been proposed as a marker to quantify inter-individual variation in hemoglobin glycosylation. However, whether HGI is associated with an increased risk of diabetic complications independent of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between HGI and the risk of all cause mortality and composite cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched for related studies up to March 31, 2021. Observational studies reported associations between HGI levels and composite CVD and all cause mortality were included for meta-analysis. A random effect model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for higher HGI.Results: A total of five studies, comprising 22,035 patients with type two diabetes mellitus were included for analysis. The median follow-up duration was 5.0 years. After adjusted for multiple conventional cardiovascular risk factors, an increased level of HGI was associated with a higher risk of composite CVD (per 1 SD increment: HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04–1.26) and all cause mortality (per 1 SD increment: HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05–1.32). However, when further adjusted for HbA1c, the association between HGI and risk of composite CVD (per 1 SD increment of HGI: HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.93–1.10) and all cause mortality (per 1 SD increment of HGI: HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.96–1.10) became insignificant.Conclusions: High HGI was associated with an increased risk of composite CVD and all cause mortality after adjustment for multiple conventional cardiovascular risk factors. However, the association was mainly mediating by the level of HbA1c.
Impact of the Southern Ecuadorian Andes on Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Precipitation
Authors: Gébelin Aude , Witt Cesar , Radkiewicz Maksymilian , Mulch Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Determining how the elevation of the Northern Andes has evolved over time is of paramount importance for understanding the response of the Northern Andes to deformational and geodynamic processes and its role as an orographic barrier for atmospheric vapor transport over geologic time. However, a fundamental requirement when using stable isotope data for paleoaltimetry reconstructions is knowledge about the present-day changes of δ18O and δD with elevation (isotopic lapse rate). This study defines the present-day river isotopic lapse rate near the Equator (∼3°S) based on analysis of δ18O and δD of surface waters collected from streams across the Western Cordillera and the Inter-Andean depression in Southern Ecuador. The results for the two domains show a decrease of δ18O with elevation which fits a linear regression with a slope of −0.18‰/100 m (R2= 0.73,n= 83). However, we establish a present-day lapse rate of −0.15‰/100 m for δ18O (R2= 0.88,n= 19) and -1.4‰/100 m for δD (R2= 0.93,n= 19) from water samples collected along the west facing slopes of the Western Ecuadorian Cordillera which is mainly subject to moisture transport from the Pacific. We argue that this empirical relationship, consistent with those obtained in different tropical areas of the world, can inform stable isotope paleoaltimetry reconstructions in tropical latitudes.
A Synthesized Study of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Central Yellow Sea Mud Depositional Processes During the Holocene
Authors: Zhong Fuchang , Xiang Rong , Zhang Lanlan , Yang Yiping , Zhao Meixun , Zhou Liping 
Published: May 2021

The spatial distribution patterns of central Yellow Sea Mud (CYSM) thicknesses and their temporal evolution during the Holocene are here updated using data from 10 new cores, in combination with the previously-published data for 64 cores from this area. Of these 74 cores, 15 exhibit clear AMS 14C dating constraints. Three subareas of mud deposition can be delineated using analyses of spatiotemporal mud thickness distributions and the variations between these. A depocenter subarea, with mud thicknesses &gt;4 m, lies in the northwestern part of the CYSM; the mean sedimentation rate (SR) is relatively high in this subarea, with two high SR stages occurring at ∼6.1–5.4 ka and ∼4–2.5 ka. An adjacent subarea surrounds the depocenter subarea; this subarea has mud thicknesses between 2 and 4 m, and a high mid-Holocene SR which evinces a gradually decreasing trend after 5 ka. A distal periphery subarea lies in the eastern part of the CYSM, with mud thicknesses between 0.5 and −2 m, and a low mean SR that has been generally stable over the last 7 ka. Our results indicate that both sedimentary sources and hydrological dynamics played important roles in the formation of CYSM. The Yellow River may be the principal sedimentary source for CYSM, as mud thickness decreases gradually from northwest to southeast. Different mud subareas appear to be affected by different hydrological dynamics: in the depocenter subarea, oceanic current fronts seem to play an important role in mud deposition, while in the adjacent subarea and the distal periphery subarea, weak tidal currents appear to be the dominant depositional control. The generally decreasing trend in the SR of the adjacent subarea indicate that the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) potentially controlled changes in CYSM sedimentary sources after 7 ka.
Catalytic Conversion of Starch to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Tin Phosphotungstate
Authors: Hao Jiawen , Song Xueping , Jia Shaowu , Mao Wei , Yan Yuxiao , Zhou Jinghong 
Published: May 2021

Heteropoly acids containing Brønsted and Lewis acids show excellent catalytic activity. Brønsted acids promote the depolymerization of polysaccharides (such as starch and cellulose) into glucose, while Lewis acids catalyze the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Designing stable Brønsted-Lewis acid-containing bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for the efficient catalytic conversion of polysaccharides to HMF. In this study, a series of Brønsted -Lewis acid bifunctional catalysts (SnxPW, X = 0.10–0.75) were investigated for the conversion of cassava starch to HMF. The structure of the catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Pyridine Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The acid strength and acid capacity were also investigated. The effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst concentration, and cassava starch concentration on the selectivity, conversion rate, and yield were examined. The results showed that, among the analyzed catalysts, Sn0.1PW presented the best ability under the test conditions for catalyzing the conversion of starch to HMF. At the optimized conditions of a reaction temperature of 160°C, a catalyst dosage of 0.50 mmol/gstarch, and a 1 h reaction time, the starch conversion rate was 90.61%, and the selectivity and yield of HMF were 59.77 and 54.12%, respectively. Our findings contribute to the development of HMF production by the dehydration of carbohydrates.
Prenatal Genetic Counseling in a Chinese Pregnant Woman With Rare Thalassemia: A Case Report
Authors: Zhong Liangying , Wang Ye , Lin Wenbin , Yao Zhenrong , Zhang Jiang , Xu Hongxu , Feng Pinning , Xu Lijuan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Prenatal genetic counseling can be difficult, especially when it is related to fetuses with a rare thalassemia. An intronic variant located far from obvious regulatory sequences in the HBB gene could be very difficult to evaluate as it may affect the mRNA processing or cause β-thalassemia (β-thal). In the present study, a Chinese pregnant woman with HbJ-Bangkok and a very rare change in the second intron of the HBB gene [IVS-II-806(G&gt;C), NM_000518.4, HBB: c.316-45G&gt;C] in combination with α+-thalassemia was reported, which can assist in prenatal genetic counseling.Case Report: A 26-year-old pregnant woman presented at the obstetric clinic for a routine pregnancy check at 12 weeks of gestation. Red blood counts and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were consistent with clinical manifestations of anemia. Multiplex gap-polymerase chain (gap-PCR) displayed rightward deletion (–α3.7/αα). Direct DNA sequencing of the δ-globin gene showed no mutation. Sanger sequencing of the β-globin gene showed a previously undescribed condition of double heterozygosity for HbJ-Bangkok and a very rare change in the second intron of the HBB gene [IVS-II-806(G&gt;C), NM_000518.4, HBB: c.316-45G&gt;C] that has not been previously reported in the HbVar database. Thus, a rare combination of α+-thal and a compound heterozygosity of HbJ-Bangkok and [IVS-II-806(G&gt;C)] with α+-thal (–α3.7/αα) was finally diagnosed. Prenatal genetic counseling was made based on the genotype and phenotype analyses.Conclusion: This study enlarges the mutation spectrum of β-globin gene and emphasizes DNA analysis in resolving unusual patterns in Hb analysis and the importance of sharing the observed rare undefined mutations and the possible interactions with known molecular defects, which can assist in prenatal genetic counseling.