bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Pelvic Fractures With Titanium Elastic Nailing: an Innovative Technology
Authors: Jia Zhaofeng , Liu Wangxing , Lin Jiandong , Ding Jingyin , Hu Xinjia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background: Minimally invasive treatment has become the most popular and effective method for the treatment of pelvic fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new technique, titanium elastic nailing (TEN), for the minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures. Methods: 18 patients with pelvic fractures were referred to us between March 2020 to November 2020, including 13 males and 5 females. The pelvic fractures were temporarily fixed by pelvic fixation belt accompanied with the traction from lower limb bone. The anterior pelvic ring injury (superior ramus of pubis) and ilium fracture were all treated with closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with minimally invasive TEN. Intraoperative C-arm, including pelvic anteroposterior, pelvic outlet, inlet and ilium oblique view) and O-arm fluoroscopy (intraoperative CT) were employed to determine the reduction of fractures and the location of elastic titanium nails in the bone channel. Results: By adopting closed reduction and minimally invasive incision, the pelvic fractures could be safely fixed by placing the elastic titanium nail in the osseous medullary cavity channels of the pelvis. Postoperative investigation indicated that the wounds of all the patients were healed in the first stage, without any occurrence of complications such as nerve, blood vessel and important tissue structure injuries. The patients recovered quickly after the operation and could perform functional exercise in the early stage. Conclusion: TEN can be used for the minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures. This novel technique has no obvious complications and worthwhile to use in clinic practice.
PON1 Deficiency Promotes TREM2 Pathway-Mediated Microglial Phagocytosis and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zhang Li , Dong Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Bai Lin , Zhang Xu , Sun Caixian , Li Jingwen , zhang lianfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an HDL-associated enzyme, plays an anti-inflammatory role in the cardiovascular system. Levels of serum PON1 and polymorphisms in this gene were linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), but its function in the neuroimmune system and AD are not clear.Methods: PON1 knockout rats previously generated by our lab were used to investigate the role of PON1 in microglia. Wild type (WT) rats and PON1 knockout (KO) rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 or 20 mg/kg) and the survival rates were compared. Microglia on the sections of rat brain tissues were immunostained with anti-Iba1 antibody and the microglia morphology was compared. The phagocytosis, cytokines release and transcriptome of rat primary microglia cells treated with or without LPS were analyzed. The interactions between PON1 and TREM2 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) using rat brain tissues or over-expressed BV2 cell lysates. The effects of PON1 on microglial phagocytosis in vivo were investigated in a rat model of AD produced by an intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42.Results: The expression of PON1 was detected in human and rat brain tissues and rat primary microglia. Knockout of PON1 in rat brain tissues protected against LPS-induced lethality by decreasing TNF-α expression. PON1 knockout in microglia increased TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2) expressing and phagocytosis, but decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 especially TNF-α (M1-phenotype markers) and increased IL-10 (M2-phenotype marker) release induced by LPS. PON1 knockout activated TREM2 pathway but decreased LPS-induced ERK activation. The phagocytosis promoting effect was reversed by administration of recombinant PON1 protein. The interaction between PON1 and TREM2 was verified and might be involved in lysosomal degradation of TREM2. Further, PON1 knockout may also enhance microglial phagocytosis and clearance of exogenous Aβ and decrease the transcription of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in vivo.Conclusions: These results suggest an inhibitory role of PON1 in microglial phagocytosis dependent on its interaction with TREM2. These findings provide novel insights into the role of PON1 in neuroinflammation and highlight TREM2 as a potential target for Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
Development of Plant Based Larvicide and Herbal Mosquito Repellent Fast Card with Reference to Identification of the Functional Bioactive Compounds Effective Against Culex Mosquito
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit , Shaw Vikky , Mukherjee Piyali , Ghosh Subarna , Banerjee Pranab 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Warm and humid climate creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. The ability of these vectors to spread a number of diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides leads to the development of resistance in vector mosquitoes and along with this, these pesticides cause biological magnification of toxic components and affects adversely the non target organisms including human being. Commercially available, chemically manufactured mosquito repellent fast cards are convenient to use and quite effective but burning of such card generates a lot of smoke and might be hazardous to human health in long run. Thus, alternative approaches are to be adopted to control the population load of vector mosquito. The present study reveals the larvicidal effect of Duranta leaf extract against Culex mosquito. In addition to that mosquito repellent fast card has been developed by Duranta-algal mixture that has shown better result than commercially available fast card on the basis of mosquito mortality as well as the amount of gases emitted. Therefore, the active component of Duranta has also been investigated. In Duranta highest area percentage and peak have been shown by propeonic acid in the retention time 18.086 by GC-MS. So, it can be confirmed that the major active ingredient is propionic acid in Duranta which is responsible for the mosquitocidal properties. Occurrence of propionic acid in Duranta has also been confirmed by the HPLC analysis.
Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgical Reconstruction Through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Risvas Konstantinos , Stanev Dimitar , Benos Lefteris , Filip Konstantinos , Tsaopoulos Dimitrios , Moustakas Konstantinos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common knee injuries. The ACL reconstruction surgery aims to restore healthy knee function by replacing the injured ligament with a graft. Proper selection of the optimal surgery parameters is a complex task. To this end, we developed an automated modeling framework that accepts subject-specific geometries and produces finite element knee models incorporating different surgical techniques. Initially, we developed a reference model of the intact knee, validated with data provided by the OpenKnee project. This helped us evaluate the effectiveness of estimating ligament stiffness directly from MRI. Next, we performed a plethora of “what-if” simulations, comparing responses with the reference model. We found that a) increasing graft pretension and radius reduces relative knee displacement, b) the correlation of graft radius and tension should not be neglected, c) graft fixation angle of 20 degrees can reduce knee laxity, and d) single-versus double-bundle techniques demonstrate comparable performance in restraining knee translation. In most cases, these findings confirm reported values from comparative clinical studies. The numerical models are made publicly available, allowing for experimental reuse and lowering the barriers for meta-studies. The modeling approach proposed here can complement orthopedic surgeons in their decision-making.
Original Research the use of a Neural Network Classifier of Material Facture Criteria for the Rational Choice of the Method for Cutting of Rolled Stocks
Authors: Karnaukh Sergii G. , Markov Oleg E. , Kukhar Volodymyr V. , Shapoval Alexander A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To select a rational method for cutting of rolled stocks made from materials with different physical and mathematical properties, an engineer must have the tools to make such a choice. For this, it is proposed to use the well-known synergistic material fracture criteria. In order to find the most informative system of synergetic criteria allowing to classify materials authentically by their fracture sensitivity, the software was developed. It allows to solve the clustering problem in a multidimensional space of parameters and present the obtained information in a visual form using self-organizing Kohonen maps. The cluster analysis of the synergetic criteria of fracture material was carried out. The most informative criterion among the ones characterizing the mechanical properties of steels is the «offset yield strength», among the synergistic ones – «scale criterion». At the same time, among the traditional mechanical features of steels, a set allowing to classify materials with a given integrity by their cutting sensitivity has not been found. It was established that the synergistic criteria: «crack propagation criterion» and «brittleness criterion» are basic informative features. When adding any of the remaining complex criteria («crack nucleation criterion» or «scale criterion»), they form the most informative sets of minimal power, providing the classification of materials by their cutting sensitivity with a given integrity. In order to obtain high quality billets at a minimum conversion cost, recommendations were developed for choice of the method for cutting of rolled stocks in magnitude of criteria values: «crack propagation criterion» and «brittleness criterion». To cut materials «in plastic state», the cutting with a shear should be used, specifically – a closed cut-off scheme or an incompletely closed cut-off scheme with an active transverse clamp or a cut-off scheme with a differentiated rolling clamp. If increased requirements are imposed on the geometric accuracy of the billets, it is recommended to use complex blanking and cutting processes. For cutting materials «in elastoplastic state» there are good reasons to use a cut with a shear, and in particular – an incompletely closed cut-off scheme with an active and passive transverse clamp. Closer to the class interval, it is possible to apply cold bend breaking with the application of an effective stress concentrator. Cold bend breaking should be used to cut «brittle» materials. The carried out experiments confirmed the adequacy of theoretical conclusions and recommendations on the choice of a rational method for cutting of the rolled stocks to obtain high quality billets.
Healthworker Preparedness for COVID-19 Management and Implementation Experiences: A Mixed Methods Study in Uganda’s Refugee-Hosting Districts
Authors: Seruwagi Gloria , Nakidde Catherine , Otieno Felix , Kayiwa Joshua , Luswata Brian , Lugada Eric , Ochen Eric Awich , Muhangi Denis , Okot Betty , Ddamulira Dunstan , Masaba Andrew , Lawoko Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background : The negative impact of COVID-19 on population health outcomes raises critical questions on health system preparedness and resilience, especially in resource-limited settings. This study examined healthworker preparedness for COVID-19 management and implementation experiences in Uganda’s refugee-hosting districts.Methods : A cross sectional, mixed-method descriptive study in 17 health facilities in 7 districts from 4 major regions. Total sample size was 485 including >370 health care workers (HCWs). HCW knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. The quantitative data was processed and analysed using SPSS 26, and statistical significance assumed at p<0.05 for all statistical tests. Bloom's cutoff of 80% was used to determine threshold for sufficient knowledge level and practices with scores classified as high (80.0%–100.0%), average (60.0%–79.0%) and low (≤59.0%). HCW implementation experiences and key stakeholder opinions were further explored qualitatively using interviews which were audio-recorded, coded and thematically analysed.Results: On average 71% of HCWs were knowledgeable on the various aspects of COVID-19, although there is a wide variation in knowledge. Awareness of symptoms ranked highest among 95% (p value < 0.0001) of HCWs while awareness of the criteria for intubation for COVID-19 patients ranked lowest with only 35% (p value < 0.0001). Variations were noted on falsehoods about COVID-19 causes, prevention and treatment across Central (p value < 0.0356) and West Nile (p value < 0.0161) regions. Protective practices include adequate ventilation, virtual meetings and HCW training. Deficient practices were around psychosocial and lifestyle support, remote working and contingency plans for HCWs safety. The work environment has immensely changed with increased demands on the amount of work, skills and variation in nature of work. HCWs also reported moderate control over their work environment, high level of support from supervisors (88%) and colleagues (93%). Conclusions: HCWs preparedness is inadequate in some aspects. Implementation of healthcare interventions is constrained by the complexity of Uganda’s health system design, top-down approach of the national response to COVID-19 and longstanding health system bottlenecks. We recommend continuous information sharing on COVID-19, a design review with capacity strengthening at all health facility levels and investing in community-facing strategies.
Construction of Stable Mouse Artificial Chromosome from Native Mouse Chromosome 10 for Generation of Transchromosomic Mice
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Honma Kazuhisa , Okada Akane , Kazuki Kanako , Tanaka Hiroshi , Endo Takeshi , Morimoto Kayoko , Moriwaki Takashi , Hamamichi Shusei , Nakayama Yuji , Suzuki Teruhiko , Takehara Shoko , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes derived from native chromosomes have been applied to biomedical research and development by generating cell sources and transchromosomic (Tc) animals. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a precedent chromosomal vector which achieved generation of valuable humanized animal models for fully human antibody production and human pharmacokinetics. While humanized Tc animals created by HAC vector have attained significant contributions, there was a potential issue to be addressed regarding stability in mouse tissues, especially highly proliferating hematopoietic cells. Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors derived from native mouse chromosome 11 demonstrated improved stability, and they were utilized for humanized Tc mouse production as a standard vector. In mouse, however, stability of MAC vector derived from native mouse chromosome other than mouse chromosome 11 remains to be evaluated. To clarify the potential of mouse centromeres in the additional chromosomes, we constructed a new MAC vector from native mouse chromosome 10 to evaluate the stability in Tc mice. The new MAC vector was transmitted through germline and stably maintained in the mouse tissues without any apparent abnormalities. Through this study, the potential of additional mouse centromere was demonstrated for Tc mouse production, and new MAC is expected to be used for various applications.
Developing a School-Based Risk and Resilience Network to Implement the Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM) Program with Texas Adolescents
Authors: Hughes Jennifer L , Gutierrez Luis , Anderson Jacqueline R , Kahalnik Farra , Fuller Anne , Mayes Taryn , Trivedi Madhukar H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDespite the school setting presenting an ideal place to address youth depression and suicide prevention, there continues to be a need for innovative and effective school-based mental health interventions. MethodsThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center’s Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care developed a collaborative school-based prevention effort, the Risk and Resilience Network (RRN), to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, prevention of depression and suicide, and improve early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. The aims of RRN were: 1) to build collaborative partnerships with schools and youth-focused community organizations to study risk and resilience in youth, and 2) in collaboration with school partners and youth-focused community organizations, to engage school stakeholders and families in developing and testing innovative strategies for addressing depression and suicide prevention in schools. To engage schools in the RRN, a cornerstone, evidenced-based program was selected (Youth Aware of Mental Health, YAM, program) to offer to schools as part of an implementation project. This report uses the RE-AIM framework to describe the rationale, design, implementation process, and YAM program evaluation results from the initial years of a school-based network focused on depression and suicide prevention.ResultsDescriptive data are presented, using the RE-AIM framework, on the first three academic years of the RRN and YAM program partnerships (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019), which included 24 RRN partnerships. Eleven (73.3%) out of the 15 school systems who agreed to RRN partnerships agreed to implement the YAM program, resulting in 14,061 students who participated in YAM.ConclusionsThe RRN is a collaborative school-based prevention effort to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, preventing of depression and suicide, and improving early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. Trial Registration: Not applicable
Evolutive History of Leishmania Genus and Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Important Species Based on A Unique Kinetoplastida Chitinase
Authors: Cabral Aline Diniz , Jordão Felipe Trovalim , Pereira Gabriel Lopes , de Andrade Leticia Abrantes , Santos Edmar Silva , Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Fuhlendorf Max Mario , Azevedo Lucas Gentil , Ramos Pablo Ivan Pereira , de Queiroz Artur Trancoso Lopo , Sperança Márcia Aparecida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected infectious disease affecting humans, domestic and wild animals, caused by 20 from 53 Leishmania genus species, is transmitted by sandflies. Leishmania genus, belonging to Trypanosomatide Family and Kinetoplastida Order, are grouped in five subgroups according to biogeographic and evolutive history of parasites and hosts, which has led to incongruences and paraphyly. The GH18 Leishmania chitinase, encoded by a specie-specific single copy gene, conserved in basal groups of trypanosomatids, and absent in the genus Trypanosoma, was evaluated as a phylogenetic marker and a diagnostic target. Primers were designed to detect Leishmania in its host biological samples and to obtain the chitinase sequence of species not available in public databanks. The GH18 chitinase gene and its genomic context was evaluated phylogenetically. A protocol to discriminate among Leishmania subgenera by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was developed using in silico tools. A PCR method to detect a partial 953 bp GH18 quitinase encoding gene presented high sensibility and specificity on isolated parasites DNA and using as negative controls, Trypanosoma cruzi, and DNA from Leishmania hosts. Preservation of the chitinase locus in the aquatic free-living protozoan Bodo saltans, disclose a primitive common origin. GH18 trypanosomatide chitinase amino acid sequence comparative analysis revealed high similarity to chitinase from marine prokaryotes and protozoan. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on chitinase corroborates the Supercontinent Origins theory for Leishmania. The chitinase encoding gene was effectively detected in biological samples and for differential molecular diagnosis among Leishmania clinical important species worldwide.
Characteristics Analysis of Segmental and Regional Lumbar Spontaneous Compensation Post Selective Thoracic Fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhai Xiao , Zhou Tianjunke , Deng Yu , Chen Shaofeng , Yang Changwei , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective To explore the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Method A total of 51 Lenke 1 and2 AIS patients were included, whose lowest instrumented vertebrae was L1 from January 2013 to December 2019. For further analysis, demographic data and coronal radiographic films were collected before surgery, at immediate erect postoperatively and final follow-up. The wedge angles of each unfused distal lumbar segments were measured, and the variations in each disc segment were calculated at the immediate postoperative review and final follow-up. Meanwhile, the unfused lumbar curve was divided into upper and lower parts, and calculated their curve angles and compensations.Results The current study enrolled 41 females (80.4%) and 10 males (19.6%). 36 patients were Lenke type 1, while 15 patients were Lenke type 2. The average main thoracic Cobb angle and thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle were 44.1±7.7°and 24.1±9.3°, preoperatively. At the final follow-up, the disc wedge angle variation of L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was 3.84±5.96°, 3.09±4.54°, 2.30±4.53°, -0.12±3.89° and -1.36±2.80°, respectively. The compensation of upper and lower coronal lumbar curves at final follow-up were 9.22±10.39° and -1.49±5.14°, respectively.Conclusion When choosing L1 as the lowest instrumented vertebrae, the distal unfused lumbar segments' compensation showed a decreasing trend from the proximal end to the distal end. The adjacent L1/2 and L2/3 discs significantly contributed to this compensation.
Quantifying Mask Leakage and Effectiveness for Public Health Messaging
Authors: Freeman Charles , Burch Reuben , Strawderman Lesley , Black Catherine , Saucier David , Rickert Jaime , Wilson John , Seitz Holly , Stull Jeffrey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare masks (non-medical/fabric, surgical, and N95 respirators) on filtration efficiency, differential pressure, and leakage with the goal of providing evidence to improve public health messaging. Masks were tested on an anthropometric face filtration mount comparing both sealed and unsealed. Overall, surgical and N95 respirators provided significantly higher for filtration efficiency and differential pressure. Leakage comparisons are one of the most significant factors in mask efficiency. Higher weight and thicker fabric masks had significantly higher filtration efficiency. The findings of this study have important implications for communication and education regarding the use of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses specifically the differences between sealed and unsealed masks. One-Sentence Summary: The type and fabric of facial masks and whether a mask is sealed or unsealed has a significant impact on the effectiveness of a mask.