bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic structure of Coenopopulations of Centaurea jacea L.
Authors: Osmanova G O , Firulina I I , Kudinova G E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study of the structure of coenopopulations (CP) is one of the directions in phytocoenology. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of individuals, ontogenetic structure, vitality, effective density allows predicting the dynamics of population development, which is importante for the rational use of both plant resources and territories occupied by different populations. We chose Centaurea jacea L. (meadow cornflower) as the object of our study. It is a perennial short-rhizome herb of the family Asteraceae Dumort., Hemicryptophyte, xeromesophyte, and a frequent component of meadow communities. Using the ecological scales of D.N. Tsyganov, a phytoindication assessment of the habitat conditions of Centaurea jacea L. is given. The values of the realized ecological valence fit into all ranges of the scaes given by D N Tsyganov for this species. This indicates a fairly wide range of tolerance of C. jacea. Coenopopulations of C. jacea are normal. Ontogenetic spectra are single-vertex: in CP 1-centered, in CP 2, 5-right-sided, in CP 3-left-sided. In CP 4 of C. jacea, the spectrum of ontogenetic states is bimodal. According to the “delta-omega” classification by L A Zhivotovsky CPs 1 and 2 of C. jacea, according to the values of efficiency and age indices, are characterized as mature, CPs 3 and 4 are transitional, and CP 5 is aging. The ontogenetic structure and type of spectrum depend on the growth rate of individuals, seed productivity, ecological conditions (soil turf, economic activity and mode of use).
Spatial heterogeneity of hydrochemical and trophic characteristics of the Kuibyshev reservoir in summer
Authors: Rakhuba A V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Non-uniform distribution of water chemistry and plankton in water areas of big reservoirs occurs under intensive flow regulation that, generally, pre-defines their productivity, self-purification and trophic behavior. This article represents the results of hydro-chemical and trophic spatial non-uniformity studies in morphometrically different areas of the Kuybyshev reservoir in summer periods of 2015 and 2016 years. Chemical and trophic parameters of the reservoir ecosystem were compared in years with different water content. Observation data show increase in water temperature, pH and organics content, as well as decrease in water specific conductivity and mineral nitrogen and phosphor contents from north to south along the length of the reservoir. The biggest values of phytoplankton biomass, integral primary production and integral destruction are observed in lower and central parts of the reservoir, while the upper part is featured by lower values pf photosynthesis. It was found that in hot period daily phytoplankton production of the Kuybyshev reservoir twice exceeds daily ingress of allochthonic organic substance with water afflux. In the Kuibyshev reservoir, which receives an influx of allochthonous matter, the intensity of destruction processes is higher than that of production processes, which indicates a good ability to self-purify the Volga waters.
Modelling Management of Recreation and Tourist Resources (Samara Oblast Tourism Development Strategy)
Authors: Rozenberg A G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The development of the theory of environmental tourism cannot do without solving the problem of optimizing the management of tourist flows. The authors argue that one of the possible solutions can be an approach based on the theory of the potential efficiency of complex systems. With the development of eco-tourism, conditions are created for a balanced preservation of the environment and natural resource potential, the level of social responsibility of business for the environmental content of economic activity increases. Using the example of assessing the recreational value of the natural resources of Samara Oblast, the authors discuss a matrix model with a breakdown of the “tourist community” by age, level of well-being and health status. On the territory of Samara Oblast there are all the prerequisites for the formation and development of eco-tourism. As a result of the study, the authors obtained some parameters of a steady state for drawing up certain schemes for ecotourism management (in particular, within the framework of the tourism development project in Samara Oblast). The authors came to the conclusion that the assessment of strategies for the recreational use of territories is carried out according to several indicators, therefore, the task of multi-criteria analysis inevitably arises. The authors believe that further improvement of this model should go in the direction of maximum consideration of the “diversity of the tourist community”.
Synthesis of environmentally friendly film-forming polymers based on 1,3-pentadiene
Authors: Rozentsvet V A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of traditional paints and varnishes containing organic solvents in their composition causes significant harm to human health and leads to environmental pollution. In this regard, an actual problem is the creation of new environmentally friendly paints and varnishes that are applied to the painted surface without the use of organic solvents. As a result of the research, a method has been developed for producing 1,3-pentadiene polymers, which can be used in the manufacture of thermoplastic paints for road marking. The method consists in carrying out the process of cationic polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene using a catalytic system based on ethylaluminum sesquichloride. It was found that the polymer chain of the synthesized poly-1,3-pentadiene consists mainly of 1,4-trans- and 1,2-trans-units and is characterized by reduced unsaturation. The introduction of a modifier, diisopropyl ether, into the catalytic system makes it possible to obtain completely soluble 1,3-pentadiene polymers with the required softening point temperature.
Changes in the concentration of sulfate ions in the Volga water (section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex)
Authors: Selezneva A V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In water bodies, sulfate ions play an important role in the sulfur cycle and affect the state and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In the Volga water, sulfates rank second among the main anions in terms of their contribution to water mineralization. The concentration of sulfates does not remain constant, but changes continuously throughout the year. For a quantitative assessment of changes in the concentration of sulfates on the Volga River in the section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex, an analysis of long-term data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations was carried out. For the period 2001-2018 the average annual river flow was 7,7 thousand m3/s. The highest flow rate was observed in 2005 and amounted to 9,0 thousand m3/s, and the lowest in 2011 – 6,2 thousand m3/s. The average annual concentration of sulfates was 55 mg/dm3, the highest – 64 mg/dm3, and the lowest – 45 mg/dm3. The sulfate content was characterized by significant seasonal variability. During the winter low-water period, the highest concentrations of sulfates were observed with a maximum in April, before the beginning of the spring flood (67 mg/dm3). During the flood, the content of sulfates decreased, reaching the lowest values during the summer low-water period in August (44 mg/dm3), and then, from September, the concentration of sulfates gradually increased to 57 mg/dm3 at the beginning of the winter low-water period. Over the 18-year observation period, the amplitude of sulfate concentrations was 34-87 mg/dm3. Seasonal changes in the content of sulfates in the section of the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric complex are mainly due to the change in water masses formed on the overlying reservoirs as a result of the interaction of the surface and underground components of the water runoff. In dry years, the content of sulfates increases, and in high water, it decreases. The difference in the content of sulfates in extremely high-water and low-water years can reach 15-20 mg/dm3.
Development of Regional Tourism on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Serova O V , Kudinova G E , Rozenberg A G , Kudinov A K , Lazareva N V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a result of the analysis of data on the territory and population of the Russian Federation, the problem of the need to develop tourism and recreational areas was identified, since in 2021 the share of urban residents accounts for 74.27% of the population. For a good rest in the modern urbanized world, city dwellers are increasingly turning to outdoor tourism, which is not disturbed by anthropogenic stress, which ensures a full recovery of emotional, physical and spiritual health. Federal and regional regulatory documents regulate the development of domestic and inbound tourism. The topic of regional tourism development remains relevant and requires further research despite the fact that many studies and reports are devoted to this economic and environmental trend, numerous programs and regulations have been asserted. The aim of the research is to analyze the directions of development of regional tourism and offer some practical recommendations on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The development of tourism on the basis of a multifunctional multidisciplinary center based on the Geoparks “Yangan-Tau” and “Toratau” is considered. An innovative infrastructure of geoparks is proposed, which includes three interrelated and complementary clusters: scientific and educational, eco-tourism, and industrial. These clusters will allow the development of regional tourism, attracting both local residents, the population of the Russian Federation, and foreign tourists and travelers to Bashkortostan, significantly improving the socio-economic and ecological state of unique natural areas, contributing to the development of the region as a whole.
Monitoring of the hydrological regime of the Saratov reservoir using the MNDWI index
Authors: Sherstobitov D N , Ermakov V V , Bochkina A A , Tupitsyna O V , Bykov D E , Chertes K L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the possibilities of using Earth remote sensing (ERS) indices for monitoring the state of the environment. The possibility of using remote sensing indices for monitoring and forecasting the state of water bodies and watercourses, their hydrological characteristics was assessed. Within Samara region, the possibility of using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to assess the water saturation of the Saratov reservoir in the Vasilievsky Islands area was considered. This territory was chosen due to the fact that it is sufficiently indicative for assessing changes in the hydrological regime of the reservoir. The processing of multispectral images taken by the Sentinel-2 satellite was carried out on the basis of green and short-wavelength spectral channels. The area of the water surface was calculated based on the number of binary pixels of the processed images. In accordance with the calculations, it was revealed that the area of the Saratov reservoir in the Vasilievsky Islands area has increased. At the same time, it was noted that the area of the water surface of small water bodies that have no connection with the reservoir has increased. The results obtained showed a high efficiency of monitoring changes in the hydrological regime of the reservoir when using the MNDWI.
Environmental education of students of higher educational institutions
Authors: Simonenkova V A , Simonenkov V S , Gilasieva S R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article provides information about the need for environmental education for the development of a harmonious personality of students. With the optimal organization of environmental education, which is carried out by competent teachers with their own eco-culture, it is systematically capable of influencing the knowledge, skills, and abilities of students. Environmental education should be a unified learning process, which includes the assimilation, systematization of knowledge about the environment, the acquisition of skills and knowledge of nature conservation and the formation of a whole eco-culture. We believe that the goal of environmental education should be to develop a critical attitude towards nature. In the process of environmental education, there are three of its components: environmental education; environmental education; environmental education. Environmental education, according to the Federal State Educational Standard, must be implemented in the form of an eco-block of basic educational disciplines, as well as in the form of variable and optional components. Environmental education should be understood as the process of developing an understanding of the environment in a person, understanding the appropriate use of it. In the information age, the timely process of forming a system of society’s worldview, which leads to the harmonization of relations between man and nature, is relevant. In this case, there should be an optimization of the further stability of the ecological situation on Earth. At the heart of eco-upbringing, a number of primary tasks can be noted that form a set of training, upbringing and development. The condition for the completion of the formation of a conscientious attitude towards the natural environment is considered to be moral concern for future generations. The principles of environmental education should guarantee the implementation of uniform requirements for the level of professional competence of future specialists, which are prescribed for each area of training for a bachelor’s, specialist’s or master’s degree. Today, environmental education is the basis for the reform and modernization of higher education.
Development of phytoplankton communities in various ecotopes of the Sumka River (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)
Authors: Tarasova N G , Ozerova T S , Tretjakova T P , Kulakova Ju P , Beljaeva Ju V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In summer, phytoplankton community of the small river Sumka located in the Republic of Tatarstan Russia, comprised 119 alga taxa, with a rank below the genus. Chlorophyta were the most diverse group. There were no significant differences in the structure of microalgae communities in different ecotopes of the small river; Sørensen similarity index was 67%. The dominant complex of algal species was mainly represented by Cyanophyta, belonging to the M- and H1-types. However, in August, the dominant complex included the S1-type representatives. The degree of organic pollution of the watercourse may be estimated as transitional from oligo- to mezotrophic type considering the phytoplankton biomass and the composition of the dominant complex of algal species.
Conservation of rare plants in natural areas in Penza region
Authors: Vasjukov V M , Novikova L A , Gorbushina T V , Ivanov A I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
200 rare species are included in the second edition of the Red Book of Penza Region. Information on the distribution of species in existing and planned protected areas should be clarified in the preparation of the next edition of the Red Book. Herbarium materials and literary information were used to clarify the information. 148 rare species of vascular plants (74% of them are listed in the Red Book of Penza region) are currently protected by the modern system of specially protected natural territories of Penza region. Populations of 13 of the 22 species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation are currently not known, two species are subject to exclusion due to incorrect identification. There are 86 protected species of vascular plants (43%) on the territory of the State Nature Reserve «Privolzhskaya lesostep». 114 species are protected (57%) only on the territory of natural monuments. 57 species do not have territorial protection in the region. Only 34 of them are known to have a population known to scientists. These species need priority protection measures. The existing system of protected areas needs significant optimization.
Some Data on the Adventive Component of Flora in Communities of Aquatic and Coastal-Aquatic Vegetation in Saline Ecotopes of Southeastern Europe
Authors: Yuritsyna N A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the article, the author analyzes the features of the invasions of alien plant species in the European Southeast into communities of two classes of aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation-Crypsidetea aculeatae Vicherek 1973 and Phragmito-Magno-Caricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941. In the saline habitats of this mega-region in the above communities the alien species turned out to be represented in very limited quantities [2 species-Atriplex tatarica L. (Chenopodiaceae Vent.) and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae Barnhart)], in terms of syntaxonomy (only in 4 lower units of the “association-community” rank), and geographically (only in the Lower Volga region, the lower reaches of the Volga River-Astrakhan oblast). The total share of alien species in the cenoflora of the lower syntaxa of the classes under consideration is insignificant and varies from 2 to 5.5%. Echinochloa crus-galli is most successfully adapted to local conditions. It invades communities of both of these classes, which are found on soils of the entire range of salinity (from weak to strong). But at the same time, the level of soil salinity, obviously, is a certain limiting factor for it. Since this species is more massively present in communities growing on weakly and moderately saline soils than in highly saline soils.
Preparation, morphology and properties of biodegradable phloem fiber of alchornea davidii franch reinforced PBS composites
Authors: Zhao Lei , Jiang Weiqing , Zhou Hongtao , Wei Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we use the treated PF-ADF(2 ∼ 3 mm) as the reinforcing body(fiber) and the biodegradable PBS as the matrix. The different treated PF-ADF were mixed with PBS particles according to the mass percentage of 20:80, and C-PBS, C-DF/PBS, C-ADF/PBS and C-KDF/PBS were prepared by molding process. The influence of surface treatment on the microstructure and physical properties of the fiber were discussed and the mechanical properties of the composites were compared. Also the biodegradability of the different composite was analyzed. The results showed that most of the non-cellulosic materials such as pectin were removed from C-DF, but a certain amount of pectin remains on the surface. The surface of C-ADF appeared ‘S’ groove, and the groove on C-KDF was good continuity and deep. Compared with C-DF, the tensile strength of C-ADF and C-KDF increased by 5.08% and decreased by 3.58% respectively. Compared with C-PBS, the tensile strength and bending strength of C-KDF/PBS increased by 48.32% and 25.97% respectively, and the tensile modulus and bending modulus increased by 146.45% and 128.3% respectively. The changes of biodegradability of C-DF/PBS, C-ADF/PBS and C-KDF/PBS composites were consistent, but the change of weightlessness rate of C-KDF/PBS was the smallest. The more degraded and uneven the surface of the composite, the more obvious the decrease in contact angle.
African Ancestry vs. Creatine Kinase to Predict Hypertension Control: Time for a Change?
Authors: Brewster Lizzy M , Van Valkengoed Irene , van Montfrans Gert A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
African ancestry patients are considered separately in hypertension guidelines because of more severe hypertension that is presumably harder to control. However, despite the perceived benefit in reducing health disparities, racial profiling in medicine is increasingly criticized for its potential of bias and stereotyping. Therefore, we studied whether creatine kinase (CK), an ATP-regenerating enzyme that enhances vascular contractility and sodium retention, could serve as a more proximate causal parameter of therapy failure than race/ancestry.

Methods
In a random multiethnic population sample, we compared the performance of African ancestry vs. resting plasma CK as predictors of treated uncontrolled hypertension. Difference in area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was the primary outcome.

Results
We analyzed 1,405 persons of African, Asian, and European ancestry (40.2% men, mean age 45.5 years, SE 0.2). Hypertension prevalence was 39% in African vs. 29% in non-African ancestry participants vs. 41% and 27% by high and low CK tertiles. Control rates of treated patients were similar by ancestry (African ancestry patients 40%, non-African ancestry 41%; P = 0.84), but 27% vs. 53% in patients with high vs. low CK (22% vs. 67% in African and 32% vs. 52% in non-African participants). AUC was 0.51 [0.41–0.60] for African ancestry vs. 0.64 [0.55–0.73] for log CK (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
In contrast to African ancestry, CK might identify hypertensive patients at risk for therapy failure across different ancestry groups. Larger, prospective studies should establish whether resting plasma CK is clinically useful as an impartial method to help predict antihypertensive therapy failure.
Stress and Depression Are Associated With Life’s Simple 7 Among African Americans With Hypertension: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Langford Aisha T , Butler Mark , Booth John N , Jin Peng , Bress Adam P , Tanner Rikki M , Kalinowski Jolaade , Blanc Judite , Seixas Azizi , Shimbo Daichi , Sims Mario , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Spruill Tanya M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The American Heart Association created the Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics to promote cardiovascular health (CVH) by achieving optimal levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, physical activity, diet, weight, and smoking status. The degree to which psychosocial factors such as stress and depression impact one’s ability to achieve optimal CVH is unclear, particularly among hypertensive African Americans.

Methods
Cross-sectional analyses included 1,819 African Americans with hypertension participating in the Jackson Heart Study (2000–2004). Outcomes were LS7 composite and individual component scores (defined as poor, intermediate, ideal). High perceived chronic stress was defined as the top quartile of Weekly Stress Inventory scores. High depressive symptoms were defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores of ≥16. We compared 4 groups: high stress alone; high depressive symptoms alone; high stress and high depressive symptoms; low stress and low depressive symptoms (reference) using linear regression for total LS7 scores and logistic regression for LS7 components.

Results
Participants with both high stress and depressive symptoms had lower composite LS7 scores (B [95% confidence interval] = −0.34 [−0.65 to −0.02]) than those with low stress and depressive symptoms in unadjusted and age/sex-adjusted models. They also had poorer health status for smoking (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.52 [0.35–0.78]) and physical activity (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.71 [0.52–0.95]) after full covariate adjustment.

Conclusions
The combination of high stress and high depressive symptoms was associated with poorer LS7 metrics in hypertensive African Americans. Psychosocial interventions may increase the likelihood of engaging in behaviors that promote optimal CVH.