bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of family‐focused practice in adult mental health services: A systematic review exploring the influence of practitioner and workplace factors
Authors: Gregg Lynsey , Adderley Hope , Calam Rachel , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is increased recognition of the need for greater and more appropriate support to be offered to families in which a parent experiences mental illness and has dependent children. One way of meeting this need is for adult mental health services to take a more family‐focused approach. However, there are recognized difficulties in facilitating family‐focused practice (FFP). The current review systematically synthesized quantitative and qualitative literature of practitioner perspectives and experiences of FFP in adult mental health settings to identify modifiable factors associated with its successful implementation. Five databases were searched systematically leading to the inclusion and quality assessment of 19 papers, ten of which were quantitative and nine qualitative. Analysis was guided by a narrative synthesis approach. Factors shown to influence FFP functioned at both practitioner and workplace levels and included personal attitudes, beliefs about job role, and perceptions of workplace support. Practitioners who felt that a family‐focussed approach was inappropriate or detrimental to service users or outside of their remit as mental health professionals were less likely to adopt this approach. For those who saw the potential benefits of FFP, lack of confidence in their ability to deliver such an approach and lack of training can be barriers, as can lack of support and resources within services. This review highlights the need for actions to boost the awareness of adult mental health practitioners working with parents and to increase their confidence. It also makes the case for broader organizational support if family‐focussed practice is to be implemented successfully.
Experiences, emotional responses, and coping skills of nursing students as auxiliary health workers during the peak COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Roca Judith , Canet‐Vélez Olga , Cemeli Tània , Lavedán Ana , Masot Olga , Botigué Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis in Spain has exacerbated the shortage of nursing staff to respond to increasing healthcare demands. For this reason, nursing students were requested to collaborate voluntarily as auxiliary health staff. This emergency has led to mental health problems in health professionals, hence the relevance of coping techniques. The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences and emotional responses of final‐year nursing students who volunteered to carry out healthcare relief tasks during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to identify the coping strategies they adopted to deal with this situation. A qualitative study was conducted in the constructivist paradigm. Purposive sampling was used, and twenty‐two students participated in semi‐structured interviews, which were then content‐analysed. The study is reported using the COREQ checklist. Five themes emerged in the ‘Experiences and emotional response’ dimension (context, patients, emotions and feelings, risk of contagion, and personal satisfaction), and three themes emerged in the ‘Coping strategies’ dimension strategies in the work environment, in daily life and personal life. Although the students expressed negative emotions due to the highly complex context and lack of professional experience, they evaluated the experience positively in terms of learning and usefulness. Most notably, the students employed adaptive coping strategies to deal with the pandemic.
Electrical properties and temperature stability of SrTiO3‐modified (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3‐BaTiO3‐(K1/2Na1/2)NbO3 piezoceramics
Authors: Song Guanhua , Zhang Faqiang , Liu Feng , Liu Zhifu , Li Yongxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSrTiO3‐modified lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics, (0.93‐x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐xSrTiO3‐0.06BaTiO3‐0.01 K0.5Na0.5NbO3 [(BNT‐xST)‐BT‐KNN, x = 0‐0.06], were prepared using a conventional solid‐state reaction method. The XRD structure analysis and electric properties characteristics revealed the ST‐induced phase transformation from the ferroelectric phase to the relaxor phase and their coexistence state. Benefiting from the ST‐destructed ferroelectric long‐range orders, the high normalized strain value of 600 pm/V was obtained in the (BNT‐0.02ST)‐BT‐KNN ceramic at 5 kV/mm. The ST‐generated relaxor phase was found to have a constructive effect on improving the temperature stability and restraining the hysteresis of the electric‐field‐induced strain. The normalized strain of (BNT‐0.06ST)‐BT‐KNN ceramics could be kept at a high value ~337 pm/V at elevated temperature up to 120°C.
Effect of Eu‐doping and grain boundary plane on complexion transitions in MgAl2O4
Authors: Marvel Christopher J. , Krause Amanda R. , Harmer Martin P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEu‐doped MgAl2O4 has been used to evaluate the kinetics of equilibrium grain boundary transformations, otherwise known as complexion transitions, by monitoring abnormal grain growth induced the nucleation of highly mobile complexions. The assumption in prior works was that abnormal grain growth can be charted using time‐temperature‐transformation (TTT) diagrams to reflect the complexion transition nucleation and growth kinetics. A model depending on doping concentration, grain size, and abnormal area fraction has also been recently developed to estimate excess grain boundary coverage, and thereby predict complexion types depending on microstructural descriptors. While useful, the grain boundary excess model has not been validated using atomic‐resolution characterization. This work aimed to directly validate the grain boundary excess model and complexion TTT diagrams by applying aberration‐corrected electron microscopy to characterize grain boundary structures and compositions (i.e., complexions) in Eu‐doped MgAl2O4. Eu doping concentrations of 100 ppm and 500 ppm were produced and bulk samples were annealed at 1600°C for different times. Forty‐five distinct grain boundaries were characterized. Overall, at least five grain boundary complexion types were identified and the grain boundary excess model was validated. Interpretability of the grain boundary excess model and correlations between grain boundary structures and compositions are discussed.
HYOU1 facilitates proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of papillary thyroid cancer via stabilizing LDHB mRNA
Authors: Wang Jia‐Mei , Jiang Jing‐Yi , Zhang Da‐Lin , Du Xin , Wu Tong , Du Zhen‐Xian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHYOU1 is upregulated in many kinds of cancer cells, and its high expression is associated with tumour invasiveness and poor prognosis. However, the role of HYOU1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) development and progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we reported that HYOU1 was highly expressed in human PTC and associated with poor prognosis. HYOU1 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells. Mechanistic analyses showed that HYOU1 silencing promoted oxidative phosphorylation while inhibited aerobic glycolysis via downregulating LDHB at the posttranscriptional level. We further confirmed that the 3'UTR of LDHB mRNA is the indirect target of HYOU1 silencing and HYOU1 silencing increased miR‐375‐3p levels. While LDHB overexpression significantly suppressed the inhibitory effects of HYOU1 silencing on aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion in PTC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that HYOU1 promotes glycolysis and malignant progression in PTC cells via upregulating LDHB expression, providing a potential target for developing novel anticancer agents.
Dysregulation of lncRNA‐CCRR contributes to brain metastasis of breast cancer by intercellular coupling via regulating connexin 43 expression
Authors: Li Deheng , Li Liangdong , Chen Xin , Zhou Changshuai , Hao Bin , Cao Yiqun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiac conduction regulatory RNA (CCRR) is down‐regulated in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF), which accordingly suppresses cardiac conduction while promoting arrhythmogenicity. Meanwhile, CX43 was reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of metastatic breast cancer and melanoma brain colonization. In this study, we studied the role of long non‐coding RNA CCRR and its interaction with CX43 in brain metastasis of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients were grouped according to the metastasis status. Real‐time PCR and IHC assay were used to measure the expression of lncRNA‐CCRR and CX43 in patients. Western blot was conducted to observe the effect of lncRNA‐CCRR on the expression of CX43 in MDA‐MB‐231BR and BT‐474BR cells. Compared with the non‐metastasis group, the mRNA expression of tissue lncRNA‐CCRR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lncRNA‐CCRR, tissue CX43 and tissue protein expression of CX43 were both evidently up‐regulated in metastasis patients, especially in patients with brain metastasis. The expression of lncRNA‐CCRR was positively correlated with the up‐regulated expression of CX43. Moreover, CX43 expression was significantly lower in MDA‐MB‐231WT cells compared with that in MDA‐MB‐231BR cells. Also, the overexpression of lncRNA‐CCRR evidently increased dye transfer rate from astrocytes to MDA‐MB‐231BR/BT‐474BR cells but reduced lncRNA‐CCRR expression and suppressed the transmigration of MDA‐MB‐231BR/BT‐474BR cells in a blood‐brain barrier (BBB) model. In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of lncRNA‐CCRR could up‐regulate the expression of CX43, which promoted gap junction formation in brain metastasis of breast cancer. Accordingly, the communication between breast cancer cells and astrocytes was also promoted.
Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones
Authors: Cordella Mauro , Alfieri Felice , Sanfelix Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuits make 75% of the impacts from materials. The CF is increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO2,eq/year). However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kg CO2,eq/year). LCC can vary significantly (235–622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease the CF by 23–30% and the LCC by 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision‐makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones.
State of the science: A scoping review and gap analysis of adolescent insulin pump self‐management
Authors: Faulds Eileen R. , Karnes Lindsey , Colicchio Vanessa D. , Militello Lisa K. , Litchman Michelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeAdolescent diabetes outcomes remain poor despite increased use of diabetes technologies such as insulin pump therapy. Meaningful research examining adolescent insulin pump self‐management has been done, however, a summary of these self‐management findings has not been published. The aim of this literature review is to map, evaluate, and summarize existing adolescent insulin pump self‐management research.MethodA scoping review of three databases was conducted to comprehensively report and synthesize relevant literature published before September 2019.ResultsOf the 1295 titles identified, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. Key insulin pump self‐management behaviors were featured in the literature, most notably self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and bolus frequency. Several factors were found to influence pump self‐management including psychological factors, parental support and self‐management transition, insulin pump education and knowledge acquisition, and environmental factors. We uncovered five gaps in the literature including: an unclear delineation of adolescent age; limited minority representation; variability in the definitions and reporting of self‐management behaviors; the role of data sharing and remote monitoring was not addressed; and there remains limited inquiry into diabetes burden and distress associated with insulin pump self‐management.Practice ImplicationsThere exists a consensus that well‐established behaviors, such as bolus and SMBG frequency, influence glycemic outcomes for adolescent insulin pump users, however, full insulin pump utilization and self‐management is poorly understood. Diabetes clinicians should work to support adolescent insulin pump self‐management practices by reinforcing bedrock behaviors while fostering supportive factors found to influence pump self‐management.
Ubiquitin signalling: controlling the message of surface immune receptors
Authors: Trujillo Marco 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMicrobial attack is first detected by immune receptors located at the plasma membrane. Their activation triggers a plethora of signalling cascades that culminate in the immune response. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like protein modifiers play key roles in controlling signalling amplitude and intensity, as well as in buffering proteome imbalances caused by pathogen attack. Here I highlight some of the important advances in the field, which are starting to reveal an intertwined and complex signalling circuitry, which regulates cellular dynamics and protein degradation to maintain homeostasis.
Host‐generalist fungal pathogens of seedlings may maintain forest diversity via host‐specific impacts and differential susceptibility among tree species
Authors: Spear Erin R. , Broders Kirk D. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Host‐specialized pathogens are credited with the maintenance of tropical forest diversity under the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. Yet, in diverse forests, selection may favor pathogens with broad host ranges, given their passive dispersal and the relative rarity of tree species.

We surveyed the host associations of potential pathogens isolated from symptomatic seedlings in forests in Panama and used inoculations to assess the pathogenicity and host ranges of 27 fungal isolates, and differences among tree species in susceptibility.

Thirty‐one of the 33 nonsingleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) isolated from seedlings are multi‐host. All 31 multi‐host OTUs exhibit low to moderate specialization, and we observed phylogenetically overdispersed host use for 19 OTUs. The pathogenicity of 10 isolates was experimentally confirmed; nine caused disease in seedlings in multiple families. However, the outcome of infection differs among tree species susceptible to a given multi‐host pathogen. Furthermore, some tree species were seemingly resistant to all fungi tested, while others were susceptible to multiple fungi. Tree species adapted to environments with lower disease pressure were most likely to exhibit disease.

Our results suggest that generalist pathogens contribute to the maintenance of local and regional forest diversity via host‐specific impacts and the exclusion of disease‐sensitive trees from disease‐prone habitats.
Adolescent School Bullying Victimization and Later Life Outcomes
Authors: Gorman Emma , Harmon Colm , Mendolia Silvia , Staneva Anita , Walker Ian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analyse the consequences of experiencing bullying victimization in junior high school, using data on a cohort of English adolescents. The data contain self‐reports of five types of bullying and their frequency, for three waves, when the pupils were aged 13–16 years. We assess the effects of bullying victimization on short‐ and long‐term outcomes, including educational achievements, income and mental ill‐health at age 25 years using a variety of estimation strategies – least squares, matching and inverse probability weighting. The detailed longitudinal data, linked to administrative records, allows us to control for many of the determinants of child outcomes that have been explored in previous literature, and we employ comprehensive sensitivity analyses to assess the potential role of unobserved variables. The pattern of results suggests that there are quantitatively important detrimental effects on victims. We find that both type of bullying and its intensity matter for high‐stakes outcomes at 16 years, and for long‐term outcomes at 25 such as mental health and income.
Adjusting for Population Differences Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cappiello Lauren , Zhang Zhiwei , Shen Changyu , Butala Neel M. , Cui Xinping , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of real-world data for medical treatment evaluation frequently requires adjusting for population differences. We consider this problem in the context of estimating mean outcomes and treatment differences in a well-defined target population, using clinical data from a study population that overlaps with but differs from the target population in terms of patient characteristics. The current literature on this subject includes a variety of statistical methods, which generally require correct specification of at least one parametric regression model. In this article, we propose to use machine learning methods to estimate nuisance functions and incorporate the machine learning estimates into existing doubly robust estimators. This leads to nonparametric estimators that are n-consistent, asymptotically normal and asymptotically efficient under general conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods perform reasonably well in realistic settings. The methods are illustrated with a cardiology example concerning aortic stenosis.
Acylation of non‐specific phospholipase C4 determines its function in plant response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Yang Bao , Zhang Ke , Jin Xiong , Yan Jiayu , Lu Shaoping , Shen Qingwen , Guo Lei , Hong Yueyun , Wang Xuemin , Guo Liang 
Published: April 2021

SummaryNon‐specific phospholipase C (NPC) is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. To elucidate the mechanism by which NPCs mediate cellular functions, here we show that NPC4 is S‐acylated at the C terminus and that acylation determines its plasma membrane (PM) association and function. The acylation of NPC4 was detected using NPC4 isolated from Arabidopsis and reconstituted in vitro. The C‐terminal Cys‐533 was identified as the S‐acylation residue, and the mutation of Cys‐533 to Ala‐533 in NPC4 (NPC4C533A) led to the loss of S‐acylation and membrane association of NPC4. The knockout of NPC4 impeded the phosphate deficiency‐induced decrease of the phosphosphingolipid glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramide (GIPC), but introducing NPC4C533A to npc4‐1 failed to complement this defect, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the non‐acylated NPC4C533A fails to hydrolyze GIPC during phosphate deprivation. Moreover, NPC4C533A failed to complement the primary root growth in npc4‐1 under stress. In addition, NPC4 in Brassica napus was S‐acylated and mutation of the S‐acylating cysteine residue of BnaC01.NPC4 led to the loss of S‐acylation and its membrane association. Together, our results reveal that S‐acylation of NPC4 in the C terminus is conserved and required for its membrane association, phosphosphingolipid hydrolysis and function in plant stress responses.
A Probabilistic Approach for Contact Stability and Contact Safety Analysis of Robotic Intracardiac Catheter
Authors: Hao Ran , Çavuşoğlu M. Cenk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe disturbances caused by the blood flow and tissue surface motions are major concerns during the motion planning of an intracardiac robotic catheter. Maintaining a stable and safe contact on the desired ablation point is essential for achieving effective lesions during the ablation procedure. In this paper, a probabilistic formulation of the contact stability and the contact safety for intravascular cardiac catheters under the blood flow and surface motion disturbances is presented. Probabilistic contact stability and contact safety metrics, employing a sample-based representation of the blood flow velocity distribution and the heart motion trajectory, are introduced. Finally, the contact stability and safety for an magnetic resonance imaging-actuated robotic catheter under main pulmonary artery blood flow disturbances and left ventricle surface motion disturbances are analyzed in simulation as example scenarios.
Evolution of the Laser-Induced Spallation Technique in Film Adhesion Measurement
Authors: Ehsani Hassan , Boyd James D. , Wang Junlan , Grady Martha E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Laser-induced spallation is a process in which a stress wave generated from a rapid, high-energy laser pulse initiates the ejection of surface material opposite the surface of laser impingement. Through knowledge of the stress-wave amplitude that causes film separation, the adhesion and interfacial properties of a film-on-substrate system are determined. Some advantages of the laser spallation technique are the noncontact loading, development of large stresses (on the order of GPa), and high strain rates, up to 108/s. The applicability to both relatively thick films, tens of microns, and thin films, tens of nm, make it a unique technique for a wide range of materials and applications. This review combines the available knowledge and experience in laser spallation, as a state-of-the-art measurement tool, in a comprehensive pedagogical publication for the first time. An historical review of adhesion measurement by the laser-induced spallation technique, from its inception in the 1970s through the present day, is provided. An overview of the technique together with the physics governing the laser-induced spallation process, including functions of the absorbing and confining materials, are also discussed. Special attention is given to applications of laser spallation as an adhesion quantification technique in metals, polymers, composites, ceramics, and biological films. A compendium of available experimental parameters is provided that summarizes key laser spallation experiments across these thin-film materials. This review concludes with a future outlook for the laser spallation technique, which approaches its semicentennial anniversary.
A Novel Test Design for Large Strain Uniaxial Reverse Loading of AZ31B Sheet Out of the Rolling Plane
Authors: Yazdanmehr Amir , Roostaei Ali A. , Jahed Hamid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Understanding a magnesium alloy sheet's response to load reversals is important to accurately simulate and optimize a component's manufacturing process. Through this research, the room temperature compression-tension and tension-compression experiments with strains up to ∼12% are performed on AZ31B-H24 sheet specimens along the normal direction of a 6.35 mm-thick sheet. Miniature specimens machined through thickness are tested using a novel setup designed for large strain reverse loading data generation where specimen size is limited. The reliability of the devised setup is verified by finite element simulation and by reproducing in-plane curves obtained via an anti-buckling fixture. A shot peening process involving prevailing through-thickness deformation is modeled and numerical results indicate that employing only in-plane properties of magnesium sheets for simulating such processes can lead to inaccurate predictions.