bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Bench Press Biomechanics—Training Expertise and Sex Affect Lifting Technique and Net Joint Moments
Authors: Mausehund Lasse , Krosshaug Tron 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mausehund, L and Krosshaug, T. Understanding bench press biomechanics—Training expertise and sex affect lifting technique and net joint moments. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 9–17, 2023—The purpose of this study was to compare normalized net joint moments (NJMs), moment arms, and muscle activity in the bench press exercise between powerlifters and recreationally strength-trained lifters and between women and men. Thirty-four healthy adults, including 12 powerlifters (6 women and 6 men) and 22 recreational lifters (9 women and 13 men), performed a 6–8 repetition maximum set of the bench press, while elbow and shoulder NJMs and moment arms and electromyographic (EMG) activity of 6 upper extremity muscles were recorded. The results showed that training expertise and sex affected bench press technique substantially. Powerlifters applied a different bar path which impacted joint kinematics to a greater extent and joint kinetics to a lesser extent. Specifically, powerlifters had lower normalized peak elbow NJMs and shorter joint ROMs than recreational lifters (p ≤ 0.05), yet no differences in normalized shoulder NJMs and muscle activity were observed. Women showed lower normalized mean shoulder NJMs, higher normalized peak elbow NJMs, and higher mean elbow to shoulder NJM ratios than men (p ≤ 0.05). The muscle activity of the long head of the triceps brachii and the elbow to shoulder EMG ratio were higher, yet muscle activity of the sternocostal and abdominal head of the pectoralis major was lower for female than for male subjects (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, powerlifters and men are more shoulder dominant when performing the bench press than recreational lifters and women, respectively. These findings will have implications for resistance training program design, expected training adaptations and bench press performance.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATED FERTILIZATION – IN SOIL AND FOLIARY – OVER THE POTATO PRODUCTION
Authors: Toader C. , Rusu M. , Mărghitaş Marilena , Rusu Mihaela , Man S. , Pop V. 
Published: December 2021

The potato, considered as a plant with considerable nutrient absorption, responds when applied fertilization systems which sets free significant quantities of elements assured soil, or by using various sorts of fertilizer.
This paper underlines the theoretical and practical importance of complex and balanced fertilization applied to growing potatoes, assured through NP mineral substratum, organo-mineral and foliar. The effect of these interventions is significant, and the absolute and relative values of this effect are as by as the nutritive substratum insures the presence of more nutrients at levels of sufficient biodisponibility.
THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND RAINFALL ON WHEAT PRODUCTION
Authors: Naidin C. 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we analyze the influence of N and P fertilization on wheat yields, taking into account the previous crop and the level of rainfall accumulated until the end of the growth stages in plant development.
In the wheat crops developed on the reddish-brown low luvi soil found at ARDS Simnic, the N fertilization has favorable effects in moderate doses (60 - 100 kg N/ha after corn and 60 - 90 kg N/ha after peas), while in higher doses (120 - 160 kg N/ha) fertilization determines a fall in production, both in the case of rainfall deficit and excess. The P has favorable effects on wheat crops, especially when the previous crop is peas.
The rainfall quantity, as well as its repartition along the vegetation period, influences the wheat crop, causing great variations from year to year. The obtained data shows that rainfall deficit as well as rainfall excess determines a drop in wheat production; relatively high and stable average productions can be obtained in the case of rainfall levels close to the multi annual averages in different plant development stages.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGROFUND UPON THE PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN SUN-FLOWER HYBRIDS CULTIVATED ON A CERNOSIUM FROM THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA – PORTARESTI AREA
Authors: Stefan M. 
Published: December 2021

The researches have been made on a cambic cernosium soil from the south of Oltenia – Portaresti area and they have had in view the establishment of propicious levels of fertilization at certain nativ and foreign Sun-Flower hybrids to obtain a high productions.
Through applying the agrofund of 80 kg N/ha s.a + 80 kg P2O5/ha s.a. was achieved a massive production of 3130 kg/ha STAS. Hybrid PR63A90 has given the highest medium production, of 3270 kg/ha.
ACRYLAMIDE IN FOOD – IMPLICATION FOR THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Modoran Constanta , Tofana Maria , Muste Sevastita , Modoran D. 
Published: December 2021

It is a very complex and actual problem to assure a healthy and equilibrate feeding, because of the special importance that food has for human health.
The acrylamide contamination of food products or the formation during the technological processes are among the main risk factors for public health owed to the potential to generate toxicity from this contamination with multiple noxious effects.
Acrylamide is an instable organic compound, white crystals, odorless, water, ethanol and ether soluble. It has the composition, from chemical point of view, of an amide, with the chemical formula C3H5NO. Acrylamide is used in the plastic materials, paper, dyes, textile industry, also in construction and cosmetics etc. It is also used for making polyacrilamide, product used as water stabilizer and sewage water treatment and for gels electrophoresis.
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE AEROMICROFLORA IN WORK AND STORAGE ROOMS FOR CATTLE SLAUGHTERING
Authors: Tibulca Dorin , Man C. , Jimborean Mirela , Salagean Dan , Racolta Emil 
Published: December 2021

The research had as purpose the study of the aeromicroflora within a unit for cattle
slaughtering, both before and during the actual work. Some work methods were established: the witness variant,
during which the disinfection was made with caustic soda and experimental variants, during which a new
decontamination factor was used and some new optimizing procedures of disinfection.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE QUANTITATIVE MODIFICATIONS OF HOP PELLETS BITTER ACIDS DURING THE STORAGE
Authors: Tofana Maria , Muste Sevastita , Spinean Sonia , Mudura Elena , Modoran Constanta 
Published: December 2021

The present study includes researches regarding the losses of hop pellets bitter acids during one
year of storage. There were found that the losses of bitter acids are different for each hop variety. The global content
on alpha bitter acids was established by conductimetry. Using the HPLC method we were able to separate the
different fractions of alpha and beta bitter acids. From the alpha/beta ratio the hop varieties can be distinguish.
THE INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN CONCENTRATION ON ITS INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION WITH SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1
Authors: Vicas Simona , Chedea Veronica S. , Dulf F. , Socaciu Carmen 
Published: December 2021

As research studies on lipoxygenase inhibition indicate quercetin as a one of the most potent
inhibitors of this enzyme, this work presents our results concerning the inhibition of soybean lipoxygease-1 by
pure quercetin. The spectra of the mixture lipoxygenase-1 and quercetin were performed by UV-Vis spectoscopy
at the time t=0 min when the two components were mixed and after 60 min of incubation of those. For the
experiments were used three quercetin concentrations, 10μM, 50μM and 100μM. The spectra show the
formation of a new peak at λ~322 and a decrease in absorbance for peaks 1, λ~273, and 3, λ~395. This fact
indicates the formation of a new compound as a result of this reaction. The formation of this new compound
increases with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor showing that that a greater concentration of
quercetin determines a more intense interaction between lipoxygenase and inhibitor.
DIFFERENCES OF DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN REGIONS: HISTORY OF LAND USES AND LANDSCAPES IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK FOREST (GERMANY) AND THE CENTRAL APUSENI MOUNTAINS (ROMANIA)
Authors: Reif A. , Brinkmann Katja , Goia A. , Hoernstein H. , Jaeckle S. , Mohr B. , Pacurar F. , Rotar I. , Rusdea Evelyn , Schmidt Uwe 
Published: December 2021

The Southern Black Forest (Germany) and the Central Apuseni Mountains (Romania) are mountainÂ ranges with comparable natural conditions for land use (montane climate, high precipitation, relatively steepÂ slopes and less fertile soils). A comparison was made between the montane settlements of these two regions.Â Differences in colonisation time, changes of techniques, infrastructure, and access and integration into marketsÂ resulted in distinct patterns of peopleÂ´s livelihood and landscape until today. Four phases of development couldÂ be distinguished, namely (1) subsistance production, (2) improved agriculture, (3) infrastructure developmentÂ and easier access to markets, and (4) integration into European and global markets. The development in BlackÂ Forest can be described as being more continuous, whereas in the Apuseni Mountains the pase of subsistanceÂ production still today predominates, shaping the household economies and landscape structures. Only in the lastÂ 15 years, relatively fast processes of integration into the market begun, parallel to developments of theÂ infrastructure. It can be expected, that the trends in land uses in the Apuseni Mountains within few years willÂ lead to similar landscape patterns like in other European mountain ranges. It remains to be hoped, that many ofÂ the unique landscape features and habitats of the Apuseni Mountains can be preserved for the future.
REDUCING THE GAS CONSUMPTION THROUGH THE PROPER USE OF THE ENGINE REVOLUTION AND OF ENGINE POWER
Authors: Saracin Ion , Marin G. , Pandia Olimpia , Stefan M. 
Published: December 2021

Therefore the specialists must to recommend to the workers that use thermal enginesÂ that equip the motor vehicle, to use revolution regime that leads to values determining , inÂ the same time with the obtaining of the full power of the engine and using more of it.Â It was taken in study two situations of using (in our case) thermal engines that equipÂ agricultural machines. Stationing work, when the engine power is used to action the workÂ equipment, hydraulic installation, wheels of a the most frequent thing power price;Â Work during moving, when is made traction work and traction work combined withÂ the action of the equipment of work. The experiments were made on tractor in theÂ experimental field of S.D.E.B.M. on plan soil.For measuring the motor moment at the powerÂ plug it was used a voltage meter with moment motor. For revolution measuring were used aÂ intensity translator. For determining, traction force were used a double .Â The same results were made in field are populated in table no.1. Depending on theÂ efficiency of traction r\= 0.7...0.75 and of the transmission mechanical efficiency of the finalÂ shaft of the power plug r|p = 0.91 ^ 0.95, the real power sent for auto moving is approximateÂ 25% from the engine power respective approximate 18kw, staying free for the work percentÂ approximate 60kw , that means a big capacity of work. (table 1). It is recommend too theÂ workers that use thermal engines that equip the motor vehicle, to use revolution regime thatÂ leads to values determining , in the same time with the obtaining of the full power of theÂ engine and using more of it.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHORT TERM CROP ROTATION APPLIED TO MAIZE AS A REMAINING EFFECT UPON THE PRODUCTION AT MAIZE CULTIVATED IN THE AREA PORTARESTI-SEGARCEA, JUD. DOLJ
Authors: Stefan M. , Pandia Olimpia , Saracin I. , Stefan Iulia Oana 
Published: December 2021

The experience has been executed on a cernosium soil typical from the south area ofÂ Oltenia, with 3,12% humus, 0,45% nitrogen, 7mg/100g dry soil K20 and a PH=6,2.TheÂ average temperature on the experimenting years was of 11,5Â°C, the average of rainfall- of 612Â mm and the humidity- of 80%. In the present paper it was pursued the influence of theÂ agrofund applied to maize, as a remaining effect upon the wheat production, the experienceÂ being placed after the method of the subdivided plots with the graduations:bi=monoculture ofÂ wheat,b2=wheat-maize,b3= soy-wheat-maize,b4=soy-wheat-maize-sunflower.
The Ethical Merits of the Use of By-products in Agriculture
Authors: AERTS Stefan , BOONEN Ruben , DE TAVERNIER Johan , LIPS Dirk 
Published: December 2021

A dramatic gain in efficiency is an absolute necessity if we are to overcome the agricultural challenges of the third millennium. One of the ways that could lead to such a gain in efficiency is a renewed and augmented use of by-products.
In an agricultural context the food industry is a major source of potentially valuable by-products. For other Western European countries VALORBIN (2003a) mentions 5 million tons in Denmark, 11 million in The Netherlands, and 14 million tons in Germany. 70 to 80 % of food industry by-products are reused in feed manufacturing.
In all applications, two important ethical aspects seem to overarch all others, being (the care for) public health, and the need for recycling. Both aspects will be important with all by-products and all applications, but their relative importance will differ. This does not mean that zero-risk or maximum recycling need to be the goal. In both aspects environmental considerations are included. It is important to keep an eye out for direct and indirect impacts on other products.
A hierarchy seems to exists, in which reuse as food has priority over use as feed or biomass (energy or green chemistry), and with a sustained faith as waste as the least preferable option.
The by-products that one wants to use in feed production, will have to be selected based on type (e.g. category 3 animal by-products should be safe), traceability (single sourced products are preferred) and goal (e.g. is the target animal omnivorous).
Study on Transylvanian Beer Consumer’s Global Attitude Towords the Beer Brands Existing on Romanian Market
Authors: BELBE Giorgiana Mihaela , TOPAN Călin , GHERMAN Vasile 
Published: December 2021

The marketing orientation of production in all branches requires the producers to have knowledge of customer behaviour. The food industry is no exception in this regard, as the food industry producer must know what the customers expects from their products. Consequently this study asseses the Transylvanian consumer’s global attitude towords the beer brands existing on the Romanian market. For this research, Fishbein's model provides a good working methodology. In order to develop the Fishbein's model there were implemented two sets of questionnaires to male adults of ages between 18 and 60, with urban residence from 5 Transylvanian towns.
After implementing the first questionnaire there were chosen the brands most often mentioned considering that they are the most popular: Ursus, Bergenbier, Tuborg and Heineken, and four prominent characteristics of beer: taste, color, freshness and price. The Fishbein's model was applied after implementing the second questionnaire.
The result was that the most favorable attitude was towords Ursus beer, and the least favorable attitude towords Tuborg. In order to redress the Tuborg brand there were proposed several strategies.
Lactic Acid Fermentation of Carrot and Red Beet Juices by Probiotic Bacteria
Authors: BURULEANU Lavinia Claudia , NICOLESCU Carmen Leane , GORGHIU Gabriel , BRATU Magda Gabriela , AVRAM Daniela , MANEA Iuliana 
Published: December 2021

Carrots and red beet were evaluated as a potential substrate for the production of lactic acid fermented juices by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. Both strains were found capable to grow on the vegetable juices, but some differences between the dynamics of the processes, dependent not only by the culture but by the sort of the raw material, had as consequence the production of the final products with different stability degrees. The pH value of the carrot juices was decreased from an initial value by 6.45 to below 4.3 after 48 hours of lactic acid fermentation with Bifidobacterium sp., respectively to 3.84 after 24hours when Lactobacillus acidophilus was inoculated. The last strain has produced a significant increase of the titrable acidity, the fermented carrot juices containing 0.7% acids (expressed as lactic acid). In the case of the fermentation of the red beet juices it is also recommended the strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, because the pH value decrease with 2 units in 24 hours.
The best acidification kinetic parameters were determined in the case of the carrot juices fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. In the same process the value of the R squared coefficient showed a strong correlation between the biomass amount and the production of lactic acid.
Determination of the Lipid Compounds of Aristolochia Longa L. from Algeria
Authors: CHERIF Hamida Saida , SAIDI Fairouz , LAZOURI Hadjila , AID Khadidja , ROUIBI Abdelhak , BELE Constantin , MATEA Cristian 
Published: December 2021

The present work joins in an initiative, for main objective the determination and the biochemical characterization of a medicinal plant with wide use in certain regions of Algeria. Samples of Aristoloche were collected from the region of Médéa (West of Algiers).
By stream training we obtained essential oil and by hydro distillation concrete of the stalks, rhizomes and leaves. With theTLC we detect and confirm the presence of esters of Methyl in our samples. Besides, Gaz chromatography (CG), allowed us to determine the main group of fatty acids characterizing our essential oil and diluted concrete. An important proportion was showed by the palmitic acid with 22, 97 %, linoleic acid demonstrate a rate of 11, 50 %, oleic acid illustrate 7,24 %.
Evaluation of Storage Level for Some Heavy Metals and Others Elements into Lichens Species Growing On Larix Decidua in Bucegi Area
Authors: BUSUIOC Gabriela , STIHI Claudia , DAVID Ivona , ELEKES Carmen , ILIESCU Nicoleta 
Published: December 2021

It is well known the affinity of lichens for heavy metals absorption, and used as biomonitors in environmental protection [4]. Also they are studied for their hyper accumulation level in the view to be used as natural’s sources for rare and noble metals. This work is about two lichens species which are growing on Larix decidua’s bark. It was collected and analyzed Usnea barbata and Peltigera canina. Both lichens species were growing in closer association each other on bark.
The samples were analyzed by EDXRF (fluorescence –spectrometer) method with ELVA-X.
In this way were registered all the elements which were in a concentration higher then 1ppm. It were determinate the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, lead, cobalt. In some analysed cases were registered nickel, strontium and gold. Most important there were the absorption features of lichens which was different from a place to other in studied aria. In the east of this zone both lichens species had the same characteristics of storage heavy metals.
The Evaluation and Quantification of the Impact Generated upon the Environment by a Thermo Electrical Plant
Authors: BUZATU Gilda-Diana , PETRIŞOR Ion 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents general aspects regarding the impact that the activities of producing electrical and thermic energy at S.E. Craiova II, have upon the environment. It was taken into consideration only the pollution caused by the evacuation of the emissions of solid and gaseous pollutants contained in the burning gasses. The burning gasses resulted from the technological process are evacuated in the atmosphere through different installations such as gas canals, burning gasses ventilators and dispersion stacks. The main purpose of the dispersions stacks is to ensure the dispersion and to maintain the pollutants level in the limits of the admitted values. For establishing the model of transport and dispersion of pollutants in atmosphere, there were taken into account the meteorological, topographical factors and also those factors that are related with the pollution source.
The results, presented as pollutions maps, were obtained through processing, interpretation and by comparing the experimental data from year 2007 with the European and national environment standards and normative. The mathematical modelling of pollutants dispersion revealed a small level of imissions, and that is mainly because of the height of the burning gasses emissions stacks.
Experimental Analysis Considered the Dynamics of Mobiles Agricultural Aggregates
Authors: DAVID Mihaela Florentina , VOICU Gheorghe , DAVID Ladislau , RUSĂNESCU Carmen Otilia 
Published: December 2021

When working with agricultural mobile aggregate, the traction force of equipment and the speed of the real movement vary due to actual terrain irregularities, appearing also vibration of the gears axes and of the tractor chassis.
Starting from these considerations, the paper presents results of experimental tests to move on agricultural land of a aggregate consists of a U-650M tractor and of a trees vineyard attachment RPV-2, on the push force of the attachment on the gear-shift bar to the tractor, traction force, vibration acceleration in three points on the tractor and tractor skidding for three different speeds of travel.
It shall, also the testing equipment and how to catch the gage for acquisition the necessary data records.
Using known relations in the study of the dynamics of the mobile aggregates, was achieved a modelling program of the traction parameters, in MathCad program, with which help were determined and set graphic the variations of the push force on the gear-shift bar, the traction force and the vibration acceleration to the steering wheel of the tractor. Based on experimental results obtained, the calculation program was checked and improved.
The results presented in the paper are of interest to specialists in the study of the dynamic agricultural mobile aggregate, and the modelling program developed can be used to determine the parameters for the traction and for other types of aggregates to the movement on land with other features than used and tested.
Preliminary actions in elaborating a Management Risk Plan to Reduce Dioxins Exposure through the Processing of UHT Milk
Authors: CHELEMAN Rowena-Ana , TOFANA Maria , TRUTA Delia 
Published: December 2021

Dioxins/furans and dioxin-like PCBs are unintended by-products of natural events as well as manmade processes like paper and pulp bleaching, incinerations, exhaust emissions. TCDD or 2,3,7,8,-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin is the most toxic and most studied compound from the first class of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-para dioxins) that can have serious adverse effects on the human body. Milk occupies an important place particularly in the diet of infants and children and plays a pivotal role in their growth and development, therefore the presence of dioxins/ furans and dioxin-like compounds is considered toxic and hazardous.
The aim of this paper was to establish a management risk plan for the production of UHT milk that will reduce human exposure to dioxins through this product.