bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of long-term sagittal lip changes using Burstone line: Pilot Study
Authors: Sathekge Rachel , Lesar Colin 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Lip position has become one of the most important soft tissue analyses as it influences the occlusion, tooth stability and facial aesthetic. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the short-term and long-term sagittal lip positions/changes using the Burstone line (B-line).

Methods
The sample consisted of 18 Caucasoid females only (14 extractions, 4 non-extractions) who were successfully treated with edgewise appliances. All the patients were evaluated before treatment (T1),at the end of active treatment (T2), and at a long-term follow-up observation (T3). The mean age at commencement was 13.2 years with the range of 10.5-19 years.
The linear distance between the tip of the lips and the B-line were measured.

Results
T1-T2 time intervals showed the upper lip underwent a mean change of 1.272 mm relative to the B-line (-32.8%) which was statistically significant. The lower lip showed a mean change of 1.549 mm (-22.2%), but these changes were not statistically significant.
Lip protrusion relative to the B-line continued to reduce during the long term follow up period. The upper lip showed slight changes (-9.2%), whereas the lower lip demonstrated greater change (-53.8%).

Conclusion
Using B-line, the sagittal soft tissue lip positions were more retrusive on the long-term follow-up records for both extraction and non-extraction cases, their values were not very different from the normal values of the untreated cases. Although the differences were not statistically significant, upper lips were retrusive post treatment from T1-T2, while were statistically significant the lower lips were retrusive from T1-T2.
LabOratory
Authors: Kaji-O'Grady Sandra , Smith Chris L. 
Published: January 2021

An illustrated examination of laboratory architecture and the work that it does to engage the public, recruit scientists, and attract funding.
The laboratory building is as significant to the twenty-first century as the cathedral was to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The contemporary science laboratory is built at the grand scales of cathedrals and constitutes as significant an architectural statement. The laboratory is a serious investment in architectural expression in an attempt to persuade us of the value of the science that goes on inside. In this lavishly illustrated book, Sandra Kaji-O'Grady and Chris L. Smith explore the architecture of modern life science laboratories, and the work that it does to engage the public, recruit scientists, and attract funding.
Looking at the varied designs of eleven important laboratories in North America, Europe, and Australia, all built between 2005 and 2019, Kaji-O'Grady and Smith examine the relationship between the design of contemporary laboratory buildings and the ideas and ideologies of science. Observing that every laboratory architect and client declares the same three aspirations—to eliminate boundaries, to communicate the benefits of its research programs, and to foster collaboration—Kaji-O'Grady and Smith organize their account according to the themes of boundaries, expression, and socialization. For instance, they point to the South Australian Health and Medical Institute's translucent envelope as the material equivalent of institutional accountability; the insistent animal imagery of the NavarraBioMed laboratory in Spain; and the Hillside Research Campus's mimicry of the picturesque fishing village that once occupied its site. Through these and their other examples, Kaji-O'Grady and Smith show how the architecture of the laboratory shapes the science that takes place within it.
Response of Ovalbumin to Fructose Addition and pH Variations - Ultrasonic and FTIR Study
Authors: Palaniappan Lakshmanan , Kavitha Kathiroli 
Published: January 2021

Main aim of this work is to understand how the protein ovalbumin is affected by the presence of cosolvent and variations in pH of the medium. The addition of cosolvent in many cases is found to control the extent of denaturation and pH is one of the main sources of denaturant of proteins. In this work, keeping fructose solution as cosolvent and pH of the solution as main variable, the extent of denaturation is analysed by ultrasonic methods and are further confirmed by FTIR amide-I second derivative spectra at 303 K. Obtained results shows that denaturation is sensitive to pH, however, acidic and alkaline behave totally in a different way. It was found that the impact of alkaline pH produces lesser denaturation and is slower whereas the impact of acidic pH is specific and instantaneous. Ultrasonic analysis shows that pH variation can denature the protein whereas the addition of cosolvent supports renaturation. FTIR spectra were recorded for the experimental samples from which the second derivative curve fitted spectra were constructed using Origin program. Quantitative assignment of peaks and the variations in cumulative areas calculated for the structures like α-helix, β-sheets etc confirms the observations of ultrasonic analysis that the pH variations aid in denaturation whereas the cosolvent supports the renaturation of protein.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): A review of graded severity algorithms and national adaptations
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Robaina Katherine 
Published: January 2021

Babor, T., & Robaina, K. (2016). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): A review of graded severity algorithms and national adaptations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 17-24. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.222Aims: Since it was first released in 1989, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has generated a large amount of research to evaluate its psychometric properties. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature relevant to applications of the AUDIT in screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral programs, and identify national adaptations of the AUDIT to country-specific health, education, and reimbursement needs.Methods: Methods comprised a search of the world literature published since 2004, combined with review articles published since 1997.Findings: We identified 431 studies of the AUDIT, including 386 articles, 26 review papers, and 11 book chapters since 2004, with a six-fold increase in the last decade. The factor structure of the AUDIT items remains unclear, but the weight of evidence supports a two-factor model. Despite the translation of the AUDIT into numerous languages, the alcohol consumption questions were rarely adapted to suit cultural or national conditions. Although numerous studies have supported the recommended cutoff thresholds for a possible alcohol use disorder, only three studies evaluated the classification accuracy of the AUDIT’s graded severity system.Conclusions: Further development of the AUDIT score’s severity zones is needed to guide intervention selection in clinical settings.
A Mechanistic Probe into the Dual Inhibition of T. cruzi Glucokinase and Hexokinase in Chagas Disease Treatment – A Stone Killing Two Birds?
Authors: Omolabi Kehinde F. , Odeniran Paul O. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlucokinase (GLK) and Hexokinase (HK) have been characterized as essential targets in Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc)‐mediated infection. A recent study reported the propensity of the concomitant inhibition of TcGLK and TcHK by compounds GLK2‐003 and GLK2‐004, thereby presenting an efficient approach in Chagas disease treatment. We investigated this possibility using atomic and molecular scaling methods. Sequence alignment of TcGLK and TcHK revealed that both proteins shared approximately 33.3 % homology in their glucose/inhibitor binding sites. The total binding free energies of GLK2‐003 and GLK2‐004 were favorable in both proteins. PRO92 and THR185 were pivotal to the binding and stabilization of the ligands in TcGLK, likewise their conserved counterparts, PRO163 and THR237 in TcHK. Both compounds also induced a similar pattern of perturbations in both TcGLK and TcHK secondary structure. Findings from this study therefore provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition exhibited by the compounds. These results can pave way to discover and optimize novel dual Tc inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetics properties eventuating in the mitigation of Chagas disease.
Catalyzed Sintering of Regenerated CaO Induced by Partition Evolution of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Niu Jiaming , Li Mingchun , Wang Baoting , Yu Fuyuan , Tao Aili , Li Shengfei , Wu Yusheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe partition evolution of parent calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and its effect on the catalyzed sintering of regenerated CaO during calcium looping cycles were investigated. The carbonation reaction rate has a heterogeneous distribution either in the particle radial direction or in the same layer, which causes the partition structure evolution of CaCO3 from overall dense structure to region partition structure. Both the residual and sintering of regenerated CaO were enhanced with the structural evolution of carbonate precursor. Within the first five cycles, an initial structural division of the CaCO3 matrix occurs accompanied by a sharp decrease in the number of mesopores, indicating a dependence of the CO2 capture ability on the structure evolution of the sorbent skeletal.
Colorectal cancer risk variants rs10161980 and rs7495132 are associated with cancer survival outcome by a recessive mode of inheritance
Authors: He Yazhou , Timofeeva Maria , Zhang Xiaomeng , Xu Wei , Li Xue , Din Farhat V. N. , Svinti Victoria , Farrington Susan M. , Campbell Harry , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Theodoratou Evropi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies using additive genetic models failed to identify robust evidence of associations between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk variants and survival outcomes. However, additive models can be prone to false negative detection if the underlying inheritance mode is recessive. Here, we tested all currently known CRC‐risk variants (n = 129) in a discovery analysis of 5675 patients from a Scottish cohort. Significant associations were then validated in 2474 CRC cases from UK Biobank. We found that the TT genotype of the intron variant rs7495132 in the CRTC3 gene was associated with clinically relevant poorer CRC‐specific survival in both the discovery (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41‐2.74, P = 6.1 × 10−5) and validation analysis (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.03‐2.79, P = .038). In addition, the GG genotype of rs10161980 (intronic variant of AL139383.1 lncRNA) was associated with worse overall survival in the discovery cohort (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10‐1.39, P = 3.4 × 10−4) and CRC‐specific survival in the validation cohort (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.56, P = .040). Our findings show that common genetic risk factors can also influence CRC survival outcome.
Climate-Induced Food Crisis in Africa: Integrating Policy and Adaptation
Authors: Chiawo David O. , Otiende Verrah A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate change threatens development and economic growth in Africa. It increases risks for individuals and governments with unprecedented negative impacts on agriculture. Specifically, climate change presents a major threat to food security in Africa for the long term due to the low adaptive capacity to deal with successive climate shocks. There is a need for greater awareness of the trends of food crisis patterns and adaptive initiatives. The objective of this chapter was to analyze the trends of the food crisis in Africa within the past 10 years and adaptive initiatives. Quantitative data analyzed for food security indicators were obtained from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Development Indicators (WDI) available at the Environment and Climate Change data portal. Policy and adaptation measures related to climate change were reviewed in 26 countries in Africa, with the view to highlight their integrative nature in enhancing food security. High prevalence of undernourishment was observed in six countries, all in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Chad, Liberia, Central African Republic, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Countries with a high land acreage under cereal production recorded reduced undernourishment. Niger demonstrated effective adaptation for food security by registering the highest crop production index in extreme climate variability. However, Kenya appears to be the most predisposed by registering both high climate variability and below average crop production index. It is observed that diversification and technology adoption are key strategies applied across the countries for adaptation. However, the uptake of technology by smallholder farmers is still low across many countries in SSA.
Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science
Authors: Paleco Carole , García Peter Sabina , Salas Seoane Nora , Kaufmann Julia , Argyri Panagiota 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn ‘inclusive citizen science’ practice encourages engagement from all members of society, whatever their social status, sociocultural origin, gender, religious affiliation, literacy level, or age. In this chapter we will first address the question of inclusiveness in citizen science and how this is tackled. We will analyse the current situation of a number of projects and initiatives within the Citizen Science COST Action CA15212 and the Horizon 2020 SwafS programme, examine the data, and discuss the main factors that encourage or hinder inclusiveness. We will offer recommendations for a possible plural participation in citizen science activities and reflect on how research is improved when diverse citizens are used as in-the-field experts. We will demonstrate how research questions can be fine-tuned and how research impacts are enhanced through citizen participation, with a focus on gender representation. Bottlenecks can occur when considering inclusiveness in citizen science, including in data interpretation, tasks that require long-term participation, and tasks that have specific language and intermediation requirements.
Ethical Challenges and Dynamic Informed Consent
Authors: Tauginienė Loreta , Hummer Philipp , Albert Alexandra , Cigarini Anna , Vohland Katrin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter uses informed consent as a point of departure for the description of multiple ethical facets in citizen science. It sets out an overview of general ethical challenges in citizen science, from conceptual issues around social imbalances and power relations, to practical issues, such as how to deal with privacy for participants as well as data protection, intellectual property rights and other emergent issues. The chapter goes on to describe the different types of informed consent, particularly focusing on dynamic informed consent as the solution to the challenges described. Finally, practice-oriented recommendations about how to tackle some of the ethical issues raised in the chapter are set out.
Evaluation in Citizen Science: The Art of Tracing a Moving Target
Authors: Schaefer Teresa , Kieslinger Barbara , Brandt Miriam , van den Bogaert Vanessa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEvaluation is a core management instrument and part of many scientific projects. Evaluation can be approached from several different angles, with distinct objectives in mind. In any project, we can evaluate the project process and the scientific outcomes, but with citizen science this does not go far enough. We need to additionally evaluate the effects of projects on the participants themselves and on society at large. While citizen science itself is still in evolution, we should aim to capture and understand the multiple traces it leaves in its direct and broader environment. Considering that projects often have limited resources for evaluation, we need to bundle existing knowledge and experiences on how to best assess citizen science initiatives and continually learn from this assessment. What should we concentrate on when we evaluate citizen science projects and programmes? What are current practices and what are we lacking? Are we really targeting the most relevant aspects of citizen science with our current evaluation approaches?
Citizen Science in Europe
Authors: Vohland Katrin , Göbel Claudia , Balázs Bálint , Butkevičienė Eglė , Daskolia Maria , Duží Barbora , Hecker Susanne , Manzoni Marina , Schade Sven 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the landscape of citizen science across Europe, how networks have developed, and how the science of citizen science has evolved. In addition to carrying out a literature review, we analysed publicly available data from the European Commission’s Community Research and Development Information Service (Cordis). We also extracted information from a pilot survey on citizen science strategies throughout Europe, carried out within the framework of the COST Action CA15212. Our findings are complemented by case studies from COST member countries. Finally, we offer some insights, considerations, and recommendations on developing networks, utilising the COST Action and EU-Citizen.Science as capacity building platforms.
Citizen Science in the Natural Sciences
Authors: Frigerio Didone , Richter Anett , Per Esra , Pruse Baiba , Vohland Katrin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe natural sciences include the life and physical sciences and study nature through observing and understanding phenomena, testing hypotheses, and performing experiments. Key principles such as reliability, validity, objectivity, and predictability are achieved through transparent assumptions, methods, data, and interpretations as well as multidisciplinarity.In this chapter we present insights into the genesis of citizen science in the natural sciences and reflect on the intellectual history of the natural sciences in relation to citizen science today. Further, we consider the current scientific approaches and achievements of natural science projects, which are applying citizen science to address empirical and/or theoretical research, focusing on monitoring programmes. Presenting examples and case studies, we focus on the key characteristics of the scientific inquiries being investigated in the natural sciences through citizen science. Finally, we discuss the consequences of engagement in scientific processes in relation to the future of natural scientists in a complex world.
The Role of Perceived Technology and Consumers’ Personality Traits for Trust Transfer in Airbnb
Authors: Cirenzhuoga  , Ham Juyeon , Chung Namho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAirbnb is widely popular among tourists around the world and in the hospitality industry. With Airbnb being a sharing economy and a type of e-commerce platform, consumers’ trust in it is an important issue. This study proposed three information technology factors affecting trust in Airbnb from positive and negative aspects. Personality traits affecting trust in Airbnb and its hosts are also put forward. Using data collected from Chinese Airbnb users, this study applied the structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. Results suggest various implications for Airbnb and similar sharing economy platforms.
Airbnb Host’s Perceptions on Airbnb Customer Social Responsibility and Organizational Justice in Airbnb 2.0
Authors: Tie Xiao Rui , Lee Hyunae , Chung Namho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a peer-to-peer transaction of the sharing economy, an Airbnb host is a worker as well as a service provider. From this perspective, this study explores how Airbnb hosts’ perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organizational justice impact their customer orientation directly and indirectly via job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The results highlight the importance of a host’s perception of Airbnb’s CSR and organizational justice. The results provide various implications for online accommodation businesses and guidance for future research.
Tourist Experiences at Overcrowded Attractions: A Text Analytics Approach
Authors: Yu Joanne , Egger Roman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a result of travel activities, overtourism has become a global issue. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of overtourism would benefit localized overcrowding as a new occurrence in the tourism industry. Since there is no specific measurement to evaluate tourist experiences at crowded attractions, this study aims to explore the perception and feelings of tourists when they visit popular and crowded attractions through topic modeling and sentiment analysis based on TripAdvisor online reviews as of the end of 2019. By investigating the top 10 attractions in Paris, the results present 24 topics frequently discussed by tourists. Examples of some topics related to overtourism are safety, service, queuing, and social interaction. Specifically, tourists felt the most negative towards safety and security among all the identified topics. By bridging overtourism, text analytics, and user-generated-content, this study contributes to the field of tourist experiences and crowd management.
Dreaming About Travel: A Pinterest Netnography
Authors: Gretzel Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOngoing travel information search remains under-examined in general, and specifically in terms of social media use. Understanding how visual social media platforms inspire travel dreams is increasingly pertinent as visual contents gain in importance. This is especially relevant when travel is restricted, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pinterest seems to be ideally suited for supporting ongoing search but has been rarely used as a data source in e-tourism research. This paper uses a netnographic approach to explore travel-related Pinterest data. From a methodological perspective, it finds that the platform is suitable for informing ongoing travel information search research but points to potential methodological challenges. As a theoretical contribution, it highlights the popularity of capturing travel dreams through Pinterest boards and illustrates the affective labor users put into their collections of travel dreams. The paper concludes with implications for tourism marketing and recommender system design.
Exploring the Impact of Heuristic Attributes of Electronic Word of Mouth on Accommodation Sharing Platforms
Authors: Wang Yuwan , Li Lin , Yang Sung-Byung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of the sharing economy, accommodation sharing is a growing trend across the global. Consumers’ feelings, opinions, praises, and even criticisms regarding accommodations can be easily posted and shared via review sharing platforms. Word of mouth (WOM) breaks through the oral communication between people, and further turns out to be a more communicative and influential form, electronic word of mouth (eWOM). An empirical approach is applied to explore the relationship between eWOM attributes of accommodation sharing and accommodation popularity on Tujia.com. More specifically, the three heuristic factors of eWOM (i.e., house, review, and host attributes) are identified to influence accommodation popularity, and rental and host types are additionally considered moderating variables to better understand these relationships. This study would provide valuable suggestions for accommodation platform managers and hosts to design more popular accommodations.