bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
100-W-level single-mode ytterbium-free erbium fiber laser
Authors: Michaud Louis-Charles , Veilleux Catherine , Bilodeau Guillaume , Gilbert-Paquet Olivier , Lebel-Cormier Marie-Anne , Lemieux-Tanguay Maxime , Pelletier-Ouellet Samantha , Paradis Pascal , Bellec Matthieu , Grégoire Nicolas , Morency Steeve , Messaddeq Younès , Bernier Martin 
Published: May 2021

We report on an ytterbium-free, erbium-doped single-mode all-fiber laser reaching a record output power of 107 W at 1598 nm, with a slope efficiency of 38.6% according to the absorbed pump power at 981 nm. The erbium-doped gain fiber, co-doped with cerium, aluminum, and phosphorus, was fabricated in-house with adjusted doping concentrations to reduce erbium ions clustering, thereby increasing efficiency while keeping the numerical aperture low to ensure a single-mode laser operation. The addition of cerium co-dopant in the core glass of an erbium system is used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in order to adjust the fiber’s numerical aperture without increasing the erbium concentration. Numerical modeling, validated by the experimental results, demonstrates that adding aluminum and phosphorus at high concentration mitigates erbium ions clustering, with an estimated erbium paired ions of only 5.0% in the reported gain fiber.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in neurofibromatosis type-1: NF1 whole gene deletions lead to high tumor-burden and increased tumor-growth
Authors: Well Lennart , Döbel Kimberly , Kluwe Lan , Bannas Peter , Farschtschi Said , Adam Gerhard , Mautner Victor-Felix , Salamon Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) patients suffer from cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas (CNF) and large plexiform neurofibromas (PNF). Whole gene deletions of the NF1 gene can cause a more severe phenotype compared to smaller intragenic changes. Two distinct groups of NF1 whole gene deletions are type-1 deletions and atypical deletions. Our aim was to assess volumes and averaged annual growth-rates of CNF and PNF in patients with NF1 whole gene deletions and to compare these with NF1 patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene.
We retrospectively evaluated 140 whole-body MR examinations of 38 patients with NF1 whole gene deletions (type-1 group: n = 27/atypical group n = 11) and an age- and sex matched collective of 38 NF1-patients. Age-dependent subgroups were created (0–18 vs >18 years). Sixty-four patients received follow-up MRI examinations (NF1whole gene deletion n = 32/control group n = 32). Whole-body tumor-volumes were semi-automatically assessed (MedX, V3.42). Tumor volumes and averaged annual growth-rates were compared.
Median tumor-burden was significantly higher in the type-1 group (418ml; IQR 77 – 950ml, p = 0.012) but not in the atypical group (356ml;IQR 140–1190ml, p = 0.099) when compared to the controls (49ml; IQR 11–691ml). Averaged annual growth rates were significantly higher in both the type-1 group (14%/year; IQR 45–36%/year, p = 0.004) and atypical group (11%/year; IQR 5–23%/year, p = 0.014) compared to the controls (4%/year; IQR1–8%/year). Averaged annual growth rates were significantly higher in pediatric patients with type-1 deletions (21%/year) compared with adult patients (8%/year, p = 0.014) and also compared with pediatric patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene (3.3%/year, p = 0.0015).
NF1 whole gene deletions cause a more severe phenotype of NF1 with higher tumor burden and higher growth-rates compared to NF1 patients without large deletions of the NF1 gene. In particular, pediatric patients with type-1 deletions display a pronounced tumor growth.
Association of chorioamnionitis with failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Katakura Yumi , Nagamine Yusuke , Goto Takahisa , Sumikura Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

Aim
This study aimed to examine the association between clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia.

Methods
This retrospective, single-center cohort study, conducted in a university hospital, enrolled term parturients undergoing emergency cesarean section after induction of epidural labor analgesia between September 2015 and May 2019. For the purpose of this study, all cases were re-examined to ensure that they fulfilled the criteria of chorioamnionitis, regardless of the actual indication for cesarean section proposed by obstetricians at the time of application. The primary outcome was failure of conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between chorioamnionitis and failure of anesthesia for cesarean section.

Results
Among the 180 parturients reviewed, 58 (43.9%) fulfilled the criteria for chorioamnionitis. Failure of epidural conversion in the chorioamnionitis (+) group was significantly higher than in the chorioamnionitis (-) group (46.6% [27/58] vs. 18.9% [14/74], crude odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–8.3). After adjustment for potential confounders (age, body mass index, multiparity, and duration for epidural labor analgesia), chorioamnionitis was found to be associated with failure of anesthesia for cesarean sections (adjusted odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.6–8.4).

Conclusions
Chorioamnionitis is associated with the failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Penner serotype prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Clarke Tegan N. , Schilling Megan A. , Melendez Luca A. , Isidean Sandra D. , Porter Chad K. , Poly Frédéric M. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
While Campylobacter jejuni is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen worldwide, it poses a particular risk to susceptible populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A capsule-conjugate vaccine approach has been proposed as a potential solution, but little information exists on circulating C. jejuni capsule types in LMICs. The capsule is the major serodeterminant of the Penner typing scheme, which is based on serum recognition of Campylobacter heat-stable antigens. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the distribution of Penner serotypes associated with C. jejuni enteritis in LMICs. Vaccine coverage assessments for hypothetical regional and global C. jejuni vaccines were also estimated.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature published from 1980 to 2019 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Articles were assessed for eligibility and data were abstracted. Pooled C. jejuni serotype prevalence in LMICs was estimated by region and globally using random-effects models.

Results
A total of 36 studies were included, capturing 4,434 isolates from LMICs. Fifteen serotypes were present in a sufficient number of studies to be included in analyses. Among these, HS4c was the most common serotype globally (12.6%), though leading capsule types varied among regions. HS2, HS3c, HS4c, HS5/31, HS8/17, and HS10 were all among the 10 most common region-specific serotypes.

Conclusions
The results of this review suggest that an octavalent vaccine could provide up to 66.9% coverage of typable strains worldwide, and 56.8–69.0% regionally. This review also highlights the paucity of available data on capsules in LMICs; more testing is needed to inform vaccine development efforts.
Shortness of breath in children at the emergency department: Variability in management in Europe
Authors: Borensztajn Dorine , Zachariasse Joany M. , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Alves Claudio F. , Freitas Paulo , Smit Frank J. , van der Lei Johan , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Maconochie Ian , Moll Henriëtte A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Our aim was to describe variability in resource use and hospitalization in children presenting with shortness of breath to different European Emergency Departments (EDs) and to explore possible explanations for variability.

Design
The TrIAGE project, a prospective observational study based on electronic health record data.

Patients and setting
Consecutive paediatric emergency department visits for shortness of breath in five European hospitals in four countries (Austria, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom) during a study period of 9–36 months (2012–2014).

Main outcome measures
We assessed diversity between EDs regarding resource use (diagnostic tests, therapy) and hospital admission using multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding variables.

Results
In total, 13,552 children were included. Of those, 7,379 were categorized as immediate/very urgent, ranging from 13–80% in the participating hospitals. Laboratory tests and X-rays were performed in 8–33% of the cases and 21–61% was treated with inhalation medication. Admission rates varied between 8–47% and PICU admission rates varied between 0.1–9%. Patient characteristics and markers of disease severity (age, sex, comorbidity, urgency, vital signs) could explain part of the observed variability in resource use and hospitalization. However, after adjusting for these characteristics, we still observed substantial variability between settings.

Conclusion
European EDs differ substantially regarding the resource use and hospitalization in children with shortness of breath, even when adjusting for patient characteristics. Possible explanations for this variability might be unmeasured patient characteristics such as underlying disease, differences in guideline use and adherence or different local practice patterns.
Breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors in the United Arab Emirates: A retrospective study
Authors: Elobaid Yusra , Aamir Maria , Grivna Michal , Suliman Abubaker , Attoub Samir , Mousa Hussam , Ahmed Luai A. , Oulhaj Abderrahim 
Published: May 2021

Background
Data on breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors are lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sociodemographic and pathologic factors have been studied widely in western populations but are very limited in this region. This study is the first to report breast cancer survival and investigate prognostic factors associated with its survival in the UAE.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study involving 988 patients who were diagnosed and histologically confirmed with breast cancer between January 2008 and December 2012 at Tawam hospital, Al Ain, UAE. Patient were followed from the date of initial diagnosis until the date of death from any cause, lost-to-follow up or the end of December 2018. The primary outcome is overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curve along with the 2- and 5-year survivals. Different group of patients categorized according to prognostic factors were compared using the log-rank test. Multiple Cox proportional hazards models was used to examine the impact of several prognostic factors on the overall survival.

Results
The median study follow-up was 35 months. Of the 988 patients, 62 had died during their follow-up, 56 were lost to follow-up and 870 were still alive at the end of the study. The average age of patients was 48 years. The majority of patients presented to the hospital with grade II or III, 24% with at least stage 3 and 9.2% had metastasis. The 2-year and 5-year survivals were estimated to 97% and 89% respectively. Results of the multiple Cox proportional hazard model show that tumor grade, and stage of cancer at presentation are jointly significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion
The 2- and 5-year survival are within the norms compared to other countries. Significant clinical and pathological prognostic factors associated with survival were tumor grade, and the stage of cancer at presentation.
The incidence, characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK from March to September 2020: A national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS)
Authors: Vousden Nicola , Bunch Kathryn , Morris Edward , Simpson Nigel , Gale Christopher , O’Brien Patrick , Quigley Maria , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Knight Marian 
Published: May 2021

Background
There is a lack of population level data on risk factors, incidence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and their babies. The primary aim of this study was to describe the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in the UK compared to pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2.

Methods and findings
We conducted a national, prospective cohort study of all hospitalized pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from 01/03/2020 to 31/08/2020 using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Incidence rates were estimated using national maternity data. Overall, 1148 hospitalized women had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, 63% of which were symptomatic. The estimated incidence of hospitalization with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 was 2.0 per 1000 maternities (95% CI 1.9–2.2) and for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 was 1.2 per 1000 maternities (95% CI 1.1–1.4). Compared to pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2, women hospitalized with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR 1.86, (95% CI 1.39–2.48) and aOR 2.07 (1.53–2.29)), to be of Black, Asian or Other minority ethnic group (aOR 6.24, (3.93–9.90), aOR 4.36, (3.19–5.95) and aOR 12.95, (4.93–34.01)), and to have a relevant medical comorbidity (aOR 1.83 (1.32–2.54)). Hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be admitted to intensive care (aOR 57.67, (7.80–426.70)) but the absolute risk of poor outcomes was low. Cesarean births and neonatal unit admission were increased regardless of symptom status (symptomatic aOR 2.60, (1.97–3.42) and aOR 3.08, (1.99–4.77); asymptomatic aOR 2.02, (1.52–2.70) and aOR 1.84, (1.12–3.03)). The risks of stillbirth or neonatal death were not significantly increased, regardless of symptom status.

Conclusions
We have identified factors that increase the risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. Clinicians can be reassured that the majority of women do not experience severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy.
Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States
Authors: Whitley Margaret D. , Ro Annie , Palma Anton 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn the United States, mothers’ employment status and occupation are related to breastfeeding. However, it is unclear whether not working leads to longer breastfeeding duration even when compared to professional/managerial jobs, which tend to accommodate breastfeeding better than service/manual labor jobs. Furthermore, occupation and breastfeeding are racially patterned, and it is possible that race could moderate the relationships between mother’s work and breastfeeding.MethodsUsing data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we modeled breastfeeding duration based on mother’s employment/occupation (not working, professional/managerial work, or service/labor work) during the first 6 months postpartum, as well as mother’s race (White, Black or other) and other potential confounders. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and tested an interaction between employment/occupation type and race. Predictive margins were used to compare breastfeeding duration among subgroups.ResultsMothers working in service/labor occupations had the shortest breastfeeding duration of the three employment/occupation groups, and there was no significant difference in duration between not working and professional/managerial occupation. White mothers had longer breastfeeding duration than Black mothers on average. When we included an interaction between employment/occupation and race, we found that among White mothers, non-working mothers breastfed the longest, while mothers in service/labor work breastfed for the shortest duration, but among Black mothers, mothers in professional/managerial work breastfed for longer than mothers in the other two work categories.DiscussionRace moderated the relationship between employment status/occupation type and breastfeeding such that, for White mothers, not working was the most advantageous circumstance for breastfeeding, in line with traditional work-family conflict theory. In contrast, for Black mothers, professional/managerial work was the most advantageous circumstance. These findings support the idea of the Market-Family Matrix, which allows that different work scenarios may be more or less advantageous for parenting behaviors like breastfeeding, depending on mothers’ circumstances.
Generally rare but occasionally severe weight gain after switching to an integrase inhibitor in virally suppressed AGEhIV cohort participants
Authors: Verboeket Sebastiaan O. , Boyd Anders , Wit Ferdinand W. , Verheij Eveline , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Kootstra Neeltje , van der Valk Marc , Reiss Peter ,   on behalf of the AGEhIV Cohort Study Group
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Recent studies have reported disproportionate weight gain associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) initiation in antiretroviral therapy(ART)-naive people with HIV (PWH), particularly among black women. We investigated if HIV-positive AGEhIV participants with suppressed viremia switching to INSTI-containing ART experienced more weight gain compared to HIV-positive virally-suppressed non-switching and HIV-negative controls.

Methods
In the AGEhIV cohort, standardized weight measurements were performed biennially. Participants switching to INSTI-containing ART were 1:2:2 propensity score-matched with controls by age, gender, ethnicity and body mass index. Mean weight changes and proportions experiencing >5% or >10% weight gain were compared between study-groups using linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression, respectively.

Results
121 INSTI-switching participants and 242 participants from each of the control groups were selected. Across groups, median age was 53–55 years, 83–91% were male and 88–93% white. Mean weight change after switch among INSTI-switching participants was +0.14 kg/year (95%CI -0.25, +0.54) and similar among HIV-positive [+0.13 kg/year (95%CI +0.07, +0.33; P = .9)] and HIV-negative [+0.18 kg/year (95%CI 0.00, +0.37; P = .9)] controls. Weight gain >5% occurred in 28 (23.1%) INSTI-switching, 38 HIV-positive (15.7%, P = .085) and 32 HIV-negative controls (13.2%, P = .018). Weight gain >10% was rare.

Conclusions
Switching to INSTI-containing ART in our cohort of predominantly white men on long-term ART was not associated with greater mean weight gain, but >5% weight gain was more common than in controls. These results suggest that not all, but only certain, PWH may be particularly prone to gain a clinically significant amount of weight as a result of switching to INSTI.
Seledri (Apium graveolens L.): Tanaman Aromatis Melawan Hipertensi
Authors: Widiyastuti Yuli , Widowati Lucie , Bahar Yul , Siswanto Usman 
Published: May 2021

Seledri merupakan tanaman multimanfaat, baik untuk kecantikan maupun kesehatan. Buku ini hadir sebagai upaya untuk menyebarluaskan manfaat dari tanaman obat. Seledri merupakan tanaman aromatik, yang dapat digunakan untuk melebatkan rambut, mengurangi minyak di wajah, bahkan untuk membersihkan noda pada email gigi. Selain itu, seledri juga bermanfaat untuk peluruh air seni, antiseptik saluran kemih, penurun asam urat, memperlancar sirkulasi darah, serta mengatasi asma dan bronkitis, serta terbukti menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. Buku ini juga ini mengupas informasi dari botani dan budi daya sampai ke aspek farmakologi dan pemanfaatan klinis. Kehadiran buku ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang salah satu tanaman obat, khususnya tanaman seledri. Selain itu, semoga buku ini mampu memberikan informasi yang komprehensif kepada masyarakat dan kalangan akademis yang membutuhkan.
Los motivos profesionales de los maestros de la escuela primaria desde la teoría de la actividad
Authors: González María Alejandra Morales , Solovieva Yulia 
Published: May 2021

A teoria da atividade como concepção psicológica permite estudar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem como uma espécie de atividade coletiva conjunta. Um dos elementos estruturais dessa atividade são os motivos da atividade. Não existem estudos dedicados à análise das motivações da atividade profissional docente. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir proposta metodológica para o estudo das motivações profissionais de professores do ensino fundamental. O artigo discute contribuições teóricas e metodológicas originais da psicologia histórico-cultural e da teoria da atividade para estudo da motivação profissional no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na escola primária.
Das necessidades formativas aos sentidos e significados da formação continuada de professoras da educação infantil: um estudo de caso dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Goiânia (2013-2019)
Authors: Ximenes Priscilla de Andrade Silva 
Published: May 2021

Face a defesa da educação de qualidade para todos e todas, destaca-se que nessa pesquisa de doutorado, concluída em 2020, a formação de professores ocupou uma dimensão fundamental para a defesa da obtenção desse direito humano irrevogável. Contudo, é importante salientar que, ainda que a formação docente tenha sido considerada como elemento fulcral para a (trans)formação de uma educação crítica e emancipatória, ela não é, e nem pode ser, o principal elemento da transformação social, uma vez que os professores não podem ser responsabilizados individualmente pelos sucessos e/ou fracassos da educação e da aprendizagem dos alunos. Ademais, a valorização e desenvolvimento profissional docente estão diretamente relacionadas com a política de formação inicial/continuada e de valorização profissional, com as condições de trabalho, carreira e remuneração.
Topological and algebraic properties of universal groups for right-angled buildings
Authors: Bossaert Jens , De Medts Tom 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study universal groups for right-angled buildings.
Inspired by Simon Smith’s work on universal groups for trees, we explicitly allow local groups that are not necessarily finite nor transitive.
We discuss various topological and algebraic properties in this extended setting.
In particular, we characterise when these groups are locally compact, when they are abstractly simple, when they act primitively on residues of the building, and we discuss some necessary and sufficient conditions for the groups to be compactly generated.
We point out that there are unexpected aspects related to the geometry and the diagram of these buildings that influence the topological and algebraic properties of the corresponding universal groups.
Molecular insights of metal–metal interactions in transition metal complexes using computational methods
Authors: Savoo Nandini , Malan Frederick P. , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Computational methods were used to analyse the interactions around the metal centres in three transition metal (TM) complexes for which the X-ray data are available. We were particularly interested in understanding the metal–metal interactions. We used concepts of bond order, natural population, quantum theory of atom in molecules, electron localisation functions (ELFs) and non-covalent interactions (NCIs). Our results indicate that these tools can be used effectively to help in having insights into the bonding of TM complexes.