bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decline in surgeon volume after successful implementation of advanced laparoscopic surgery in gynecology: An undesired side effect?
Authors: Tummers Fokkedien H. M. P. , Hoebink Jasmin , Driessen Sara R. C. , Jansen Frank Willem , Twijnstra Andries R. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe implementation of advanced minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques has broadened. An extensive body of literature shows that high hospital and surgeon volumes lead to better patient outcomes. However, no information is available regarding volume trends in the post‐implementation phase of MIS. This study investigated these trends and poses suggestions to adjust these developments. This knowledge can provide guidance to optimize patient safe performance of new surgical techniques.Material and methodsA national retrospective cohort study in the Netherlands. The number of advanced laparoscopic (level 3 and 4) and robotic procedures and the number of gynecologists performing them were collected through a web‐based questionnaire to determine hospital and gynecological surgeon volume. These volumes were compared with our previously collected data from 2012.ResultsThe response rate was 85%. Hospitals produced larger volumes for advanced laparoscopic and robotic procedures. However, still 63% of the hospitals perform low‐volume level 4 laparoscopic procedures. Additionally, gynecological surgeon volumes appeared to decrease for level 3 procedures, as the group of gynecologists performing fewer than 20 procedures expanded (64% vs. 44% in 2012), with 15% of the gynecologists performing fewer than ten procedures. Despite an increase in surgeon volumes for level 4 laparoscopy and robotic surgery, volumes continued to be low, as still 49% of gynecologists performed fewer than 10 level 4 procedures per year and 41% performed fewer than 20 robotic procedures per year.ConclusionsThe broad implementation of advanced MIS procedures resulted in an increasing number of these procedures with increasing hospital volumes. However, as a side‐effect, a disproportionate rise in number of gynecologists performing these procedures was observed. Therefore, surgeon volumes remain low and even decreased for some procedures. Centralization of complex procedures and training of specialized MIS gynecologists could improve surgeon volumes and therefore consequently enhance patient safety.
Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring at 3 years of age: Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Dalgaard Cilia M. , Andersen Marianne S. , Jensen Richard C. , Larsen Pia V. , Find Laura G. , Boye Henriette , Jensen Tina K. , Bilenberg Niels , Glintborg Dorte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious data suggested a link between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which could be mediated by higher prenatal androgen exposure.Material and methodsThe study was part of the prospective Odense Child Cohort and included 1776 pregnant women, 165 (9%) with PCOS and 1607 (91%) controls. ADHD symptoms at 3 years of age were defined using the parent‐reported questionnaire Child Behavior Checklist/1.5–5 (scores >90th centile of Danish national standard). Maternal blood samples were collected in the third trimester measuring total testosterone by mass spectrometry, sex hormone‐binding globulin, and calculated free testosterone. Offspring anogenital distance was measured at 3 months of age. Regression models were performed with presence of ADHD symptoms as the dependent variable and adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, smoking status, educational level, and parental psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsADHD symptoms were present in 105/937 (11%) boys and 72/839 (9%) girls. In boys, maternal PCOS was positively associated with ADHD symptoms (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.07–3.43, p = 0.03, adjusted OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.20–4.02, p = 0.01), whereas maternal PCOS was not associated with ADHD symptoms in girls. Maternal total testosterone, free testosterone, and offspring anogenital distance were not associated with higher risk of ADHD symptoms in the offspring.ConclusionsHigher risk of ADHD in boys born of mothers with PCOS were not associated with maternal third‐trimester testosterone levels or offspring anogenital distance.
Chronic mercury exposure induces oxidative stress in female rats by endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and cyclooxygenase‐2 activation, without affecting oestrogen receptor function
Authors: Schereider Ingridy Reinholz Grafites , Vassallo Dalton Valentim , Simões Maylla Ronacher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMercury has been shown to be a significant health risk factor and is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases. Evidence reveals that men are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases than women during reproductive age. However, the effects of mercury in females remain poorly investigated, despite the finding that female hormones demonstrate a cardioprotective role. In the present study, we evaluated whether chronic mercury chloride exposure could alter blood pressure and vascular function of the female rat aorta. Ten‐week‐old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (vehicle) and mercury treated (first dose of 4.6 μg/kg, subsequent daily doses of 0.07 μg/kg), im. Mercury treatment did not modify systolic blood pressure (SBP) but increased vascular reactivity due to the reduction of nitric oxide bioavailability associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. Furthermore, increased participation of the cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway occurred through an imbalance in thromboxane 2 and prostacyclin 2. However, the oestrogen signalling pathway was not altered in either group. These results demonstrated that chronic exposure to mercury in females induced endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, increased aortic vascular reactivity, causing vascular damage to the female rat aorta and representing a risk of cardiovascular diseases.
A semiparametric isotonic regression model for skewed distributions with application to DNA–RNA–protein analysis
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Yuan Ao , Cope Leslie , Qin Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a semiparametric regression model that is built upon an isotonic regression model with the assumption that the random error follows a skewed distribution. We develop an expectation‐maximization algorithm for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters, examine the asymptotic properties of the estimators, conduct simulation studies to explore the performance of the proposed model, and apply the method to evaluate the DNA–RNA–protein relationship and identify genes that are key factors in tumor progression.
Combination romidepsin and azacitidine therapy is well tolerated and clinically active in adults with high‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Loke Justin , Metzner Marlen , Boucher Rebecca , Jackson Aimee , Hopkins Louise , Pavlu Jiri , Tholouli Eleni , Drummond Mark , Peniket Andy , Bishop Rebecca , Fox Sonia , Vyas Paresh , Craddock Charles 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAzacitidine (AZA) is important in the management of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Romidepsin (ROM) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor which synergises with AZA in vitro. The ROMAZA trial established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of combined ROM/AZA therapy in patients with AML, as ROM 12 mg/m2 on Days 8 and 15, with AZA 75 mg/m2 administered for 7/28 day cycle. Nine of the 38 (23·7%) patients treated at the MTD were classified as responders by Cycle 6 (best response: complete remission [CR]/incomplete CR n = 7, partial response n = 2). Correlative next‐generation sequencing studies demonstrated important insights into therapy resistance.
Determining the tempo of exhumation in the eastern Himalaya: Part 1. Geometry, kinematics and predicted cooling ages
Authors: Braza Mary , McQuarrie Nadine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuantitative integration of cross‐section geometry, kinematics and cooling ages requires notably more complicated kinematic and exhumation pathways than are typically assumed with a simple in‐sequence model of cross‐section deformation. Incorporating measured basin thickness and depositional ages, determined from magnetostratigraphy or young detrital zircon fission track cooling ages, provide further constraints on the timing of fault motion, as changes in shortening rate that may not alter bedrock cooling ages can affect the depositional age of foreland basin strata. Thermokinematic models of balanced cross‐sections in Arunachal Pradesh, NE India demonstrate that the kinematic sequence and shortening rate exert the largest control over the pattern of predicted cooling ages for the region, by dictating the location and timing of rock uplift and exhumation (cooling) over ramps. The best fit to the measured bedrock cooling ages and basin constraints is achieved with a kinematic sequence involving early foreland propagation of four Lesser Himalayan faults combined with variable shortening rates. Fast rates (25–30 mm/yr) are required to accompany early foreland propagation at ca. 14–13 Ma followed by slower rates (18–20 mm/yr) until 10 Ma. Shortening rates increase to ca. 25–35 mm/yr at ca. 10 Ma until ca. 5–7 Ma. A decrease in shortening rate occurs between 7 and 5 Ma, with rates of 9–15 mm/yr until the present. Although non‐unique, the updated cross‐section geometry and kinematics highlight the components of geometry, deformation and exhumation that must be included in any valid cross‐section model for this portion of the eastern Himalaya such as the location of active ramps, and location and age of two key fault systems, the Bomdila imbricate zone and the thrust faults that form the Lumla duplex. Less unique are the specific geometries of faults, thickness of strata they carry, shortening rates, particularly between 14–8 Ma, and model parameters such as topography, heat production and flexure.
Socially Situated Transmission: The Bias to Transmit Negative Information is Moderated by the Social Context
Authors: Fay Nicolas , Walker Bradley , Kashima Yoshihisa , Perfors Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCultural evolutionary theory has identified a range of cognitive biases that guide human social learning. Naturalistic and experimental studies indicate transmission biases favoring negative and positive information. To address these conflicting findings, the present study takes a socially situated view of information transmission, which predicts that bias expression will depend on the social context. We report a large‐scale experiment (N = 425) that manipulated the social context and examined its effect on the transmission of the positive and negative information contained in a narrative text. In each social context, information was progressively lost as it was transmitted from person to person, but negative information survived better than positive information, supporting a negative transmission bias. Importantly, the negative transmission bias was moderated by the social context: Higher social connectivity weakened the bias to transmit negative information, supporting a socially situated account of information transmission. Our findings indicate that our evolved cognitive preferences can be moderated by our social goals.
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide induces lipolysis during stable basal insulin substitution and hyperglycaemia in men with type 1 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Heimburger Sebastian M.N. , Nielsen Chris N. , Calanna Salvatore , Holst Jens J. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K. , Christensen Mikkel B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) plays an important role in the glucose and lipid metabolism. We investigated the effects of exogenous GIP on lipid metabolism during time of stable insulin levels. Ten male patients with type 1 diabetes without endogenous insulin secretion (C‐peptide‐negative, mean [±SD] age 26 ± 4years, body mass index 24 [±2] kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin 56 [±8] mmol/mol or 7.3 [±0.8]%) were studied in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study with continuous intravenous infusions of GIP (4 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (saline), during two separate 90‐minute hyperglycaemic (12 mmol/L) clamps with basal insulin substitution (0.1‐0.2 mU/kg/min). Plasma glycerol concentrations increased from baseline during GIP infusion and decreased during placebo infusion (baseline‐subtracted area under the curve [bsAUC] 703 ± 407 vs. −262 ± 240 μmol/L × min, respectively; P < 0.001). Free fatty acids (FFAs) increased during GIP infusions (bsAUC 5505 ± 2170 μEq/L × min) and remained unchanged during placebo infusion (bsAUC −74 ± 2363 μEq/L × min), resulting in a significant difference between GIP and placebo infusions (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon were similar during GIP and placebo infusions. GIP increased plasma glycerol and FFAs in patients with type 1 diabetes during hyperglycaemia and stable basal insulin levels. This supports a direct lipolytic effect of GIP at high glucose and low levels of plasma insulin.
Antiobesity therapeutics with complementary dual‐agonist activities at glucagon and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptors
Authors: Park Bong Gyu , Kim Gyeong Min , Lee Hye‐Jin , Ryu Jae Ha , Kim Dong‐Hoon , Seong Jae‐Young , Kim Soojeong , Park Zee‐Yong , Kim Young‐Joon , Lee Jaemin , Kim Jae Il 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo develop more effective and long‐lasting antiobesity and antidiabetic therapeutics by employing novel chemical modifications of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists.MethodsWe constructed novel unimolecular dual agonists of GLP‐1R and glucagon receptor prepared by linking sEx‐4 and native glucagon (GCG) via lysine or triazole [sEx4‐GCG(K) and sEx4‐GCG(T), respectively] and evaluated their antiobesity and antidiabetic efficacy in the diabetic and obese mouse model.ResultsBoth sEx4‐GCG(K) and sEx4‐GCG(T) showed the beneficial metabolic effects of GLP‐1 and glucagon: they promoted weight loss and ameliorated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. They also increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and lipolysis and β‐oxidation in white adipose tissue, with concomitant suppression of lipogenesis. Furthermore, both dual agonists activated the 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway and prevented palmitate‐induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.ConclusionThrough their complementary dual agonism, sEx4‐GCG(T) and sEx4‐GCG(K) induce more marked weight loss and metabolic improvements than conventional agonists, and could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders in humans.
Business cycle synchronization in the CIS region
Authors: Kishor N. Kundan , Giorgadze Salome 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines business cycle synchronization in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. We investigate the role of the global factor and the CIS factor in evolution of business cycles in the CIS countries by applying a dynamic factor model. In addition, we also examine whether the role of these two factors has changed over time. Results indicate that overall business cycle synchronization of these countries within the region and globally is low. Russia is the most globally integrated CIS country and Belarus displays the highest degree of co‐movement with the CIS factor. Our results show that 2014 Russo–Ukrainian conflict and subsequent Russian sanctions had a profound effect on the region leading to an increase in synchronization within the CIS and decline in the role of the global factor.
Factors associated with dropout in the longitudinal Vogel study of cognitive decline
Authors: Haberstumpf Sophia , Leinweber Jonas , Lauer Martin , Polak Thomas , Deckert Jürgen , Herrmann Martin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is a growing problem worldwide. Prevention or early detection of the disease or a prodromal cognitive decline is necessary. By means of our long‐term follow‐up ‘Vogel study’, we aim to predict the pathological cognitive decline of a German cohort (mean age was 73.9 ± 1.55 years at first visit) with three measurement time points within 6 years per participant. Especially in samples of the elderly and subjects with chronic or co‐morbid diseases, dropouts are one of the biggest problems of long‐term studies. In contrast to the large number of research articles conducted on the course of dementia, little research has been done on the completion of treatment. To ensure unbiased and reliable predictors of cognitive decline from study completers, our objective was to determine predictors of dropout. We conducted multivariate analyses of covariance and multinomial logistic regression analyses to compare and predict the subject's dropout behaviour at the second visit 3 years after baseline (full participation, partial participation and no participation/dropout) with neuropsychiatric, cognitive, blood and lifestyle variables. Lower performance in declarative memory, attention and visual–spatial processing predicted dropout rather than full participation. Lower performance in visual–spatial processing predicted partial participation as opposed to full participation. Furthermore, lower performance in mini‐mental status examination predicted whether subjects dropped out or participated partially instead of full participation. Baseline cognitive parameters are associated with dropouts at follow‐up with a loss of impaired participants. We expect a bias into a healthier sample over time.
PTXNet: An extended UNet model based segmentation of pneumothorax from chest radiography images
Authors: Patel Aarya , Vidyarthi Ankit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the respiratory analysis of human beings, lungs play an important role and can be used to find several associated diseases. One of such conditions is called pneumothorax which occurs due to leaking of air into pleural space and results in lungs collapse. The traditional methodology uses chest radiography with the manual intervention of radiologists for the detection and segmentation of the affected areas. This paper introduces a deep neural network based methodology for the automatic localization and segmentation of the proper region‐of‐interest (RoI). The proposed approach is based on transfer learning where the existing UNet model is extended and redesigned to a new architecture named PTXNet for RoI segmentation. In PTXNet, the traditional encoder is redesigned with the use of EfficientNet, SE‐ResNeXt50 and Xception convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. Furthermore, residual blocks are introduced in the decoder phase and concatenation of the previous decoder stage feature maps in addition to standard global skip connections is performed. The PTXNet is trained on a dataset of more than 15,000 chest radiography and resulted in the mean dice coefficient of 84.89%. It is found that the proposed approach provides superior results than the UNet model with an increase in the mean dice coefficient of 18.76%.
Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) response of additively manufactured materials: A review
Authors: Caivano Riccardo , Tridello Andrea , Chiandussi Giorgio , Qian Guian , Paolino Davide , Berto Filippo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, the diffusion of components produced through additive manufacturing (AM) processes has significantly increased. Concurrently, to ensure the safe employment of AM components, the research has focused on the assessment of their fatigue response. In the present paper, a comprehensive literature review on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) response of materials produced through AM processes is provided. The experimental results on the VHCF response of Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg, AlSi12, IN718, and 316L specimens produced through different AM processes are summarized. The main factors affecting the VHCF response of AM materials are finally compared and critically analyzed.
Ice matters: Life‐history strategies of two Antarctic seals dictate climate change eventualities in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Wege Mia , Salas Leo , LaRue Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe impacts of climate change in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are not uniform and ice‐obligate species with dissimilar life‐history characteristics will likely respond differently to their changing ecosystems. We use a unique data set of Weddell Leptonychotes weddellii and crabeater seals' (CESs) Lobodon carcinophaga breeding season distribution in the Weddell Sea, determined from satellite imagery. We contrast the theoretical climate impacts on both ice‐obligate predators who differ in life‐history characteristics: CESs are highly specialized Antarctic krill Euphausia superba predators and breed in the seasonal pack ice; Weddell seals (WESs) are generalist predators and breed on comparatively stable fast ice. We used presence–absence data and a suite of remotely sensed environmental variables to build habitat models. Each of the environmental predictors is multiplied by a ‘climate change score’ based on known responses to climate change to create a ‘change importance product’. Results show CESs are more sensitive to climate change than WESs. Crabeater seals prefer to breed close to krill, and the compounding effects of changing sea ice concentrations and sea surface temperatures, the proximity to krill and abundance of stable breeding ice, can influence their post‐breeding foraging success and ultimately their future breeding success. But in contrast to the Ross Sea, here WESs prefer to breed closer to larger colonies of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). This suggests that the Weddell Sea may currently be prey‐abundant, allowing the only two air‐breathing Antarctic silverfish predators (Pleuragramma antarctica) (WESs and emperor penguins) to breed closer to each other. This is the first basin‐scale, region‐specific comparison of breeding season habitat in these two key Antarctic predators based on real‐world data to compare climate change responses. This work shows that broad‐brush, basin‐scale approaches to understanding species‐specific responses to climate change are not always appropriate, and regional models are needed—especially when designing marine protected areas.