bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curative effects of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. gray (Asteraceae) against ethanol induced-hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Nguepi Ivan Stève Tsopmejio , Ngueguim Florence Tsofack , Gounoue Raceline Kamkumo , Mbatchou Adolphe , Dimo Theophile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases amongst which are hepatic disorders. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-diabetic properties have been reported but, there is no scientific information on its hepato-protective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of the Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) leaves aqueous extract on ethanol induced-hepatotoxicity in rats.

Methods
Ethanol 40° (4 g/kg) was administered daily by intragastric gavage for 21 days, and then the extract was administered concomitantly with ethanol for two more weeks. Some biochemical serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Histopathologic analysis of the liver was carried out.

Results
The ingestion of ethanol induced a significant reduction of body weight and a significant increase in some markers of hepatic function (Alanine Amino-transferase, Aspartate Amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl-transferase, total bilirubin and albumin). These alterations were accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of serum triglycerides (p<0.001). Intoxicated animals were also characterized by a significant decrease of reduced glutathione and nitrites concentrations, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities as well as an increase of malondialdehyde levels. The histopathological examination showed vascular congestion, disorganized parenchyma, liver inflammation and dilation of sinusoid. The extract at the doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg reversed ethanol-induced adverse effects.

Conclusion
Our study found that, the aqueous extract of T. diversifolia leaves has hepato-protective activity against ethanol-induced liver damages due partly to its antioxidant effect. This result justifies its empirical use for the treatment of liver problems.
French Firms and COVID-19: Do the Debt Status, Crisis Management System, and Monetary Policy Play a Role?
Authors: Sami Mina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study has two main objectives: first, it assesses the effect of outbreak pandemic diseases on the French firms’ stock returns by considering the sector of activity as the main center of analysis. Second, it investigates the role of the crisis management system, firm debt strategy, and monetary policy in dealing with the adverse shocks of the major outbreak of the COVID-19. The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) the daily growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths are associated with lower stock returns of the listed firms, especially for the firms operating in the energy, industrial and health care sectors. In contrast, telecommunication and consumer sectors are not significantly affected. (2) The pandemic’s adverse effect is much more tolerant with the French firms with an efficient crisis management system and low long-term debt commitments than the firms that do not have such a system and engaged with long term debts. (3) Euribor rates and monetary policy are still playing an essential role during the pandemic period.
A survey on health professionals’ understanding of federal protections regarding service dogs in clinical settings
Authors: Merk Alexander , Nelson Emily , Provost Alisha , Rasch Matthew , Forster Lisa , Nottingham Kelly , Simon Janet , Fredricks Todd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Research has been scarce on health professionals’ knowledge about guidelines regulating service dogs in a clinical setting. Gaining insight into health professionals’ understanding of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations concerning service dogs is critical for navigating compliance and reducing risk. Misinformation about service dogs could influence decisions affecting policy and care, leading to poor treatment and suboptimal health outcomes for patients with service animals.

Objectives
To assess health professionals’ knowledge about ADA regulations and beliefs about workplace protocols and training related to service dogs.

Methods
The study used snowball sampling to distribute surveys to health professionals from around the United States. Initial outreach occurred using mailing lists, investigators’ personal networks, and social media. The survey contained 24 items. True and false questions were used to test ADA knowledge and then coded as correct or incorrect. Most closed-end questions were measured on a 5-point Likert scale using frequencies and descriptive statistics. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test whether variables, such as encounters to service dogs, affected knowledge of ADA requirements.

Results
The survey was completed by 441 health professionals from around the country. Most (234; 53.1%) worked in a hospital and came from a range of professional backgrounds (nurses, 155 [35.2%]; physicians, 71 [16.1%]). While nearly three-quarters (318 [73.1%]) of participants said their workplace had a policy on service animals, 113 (34.9%) of those said they were unfamiliar with the policy and 236 (54.5%) said they had not received adequate training on the topic. Most participants did not know basic ADA policy requirements related to service dogs. Only those who were extremely familiar with policy (F=4.613; p=0.001) and those who strongly agreed that they knew the differences between service dogs and other classes of animals (F=5.906; p=0.000) scored higher on the knowledge test than those who disagreed.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that increased familiarity and training leads to higher knowledge about service dogs and ADA policy. Health professionals need additional education on ADA service dog regulations and hospital policy in order to minimize risk and ensure patients with service dogs receive optimal care.
Correlation of first-trimester thymus size with chromosomal anomalies
Authors: Kleemann Sarah , Koch Raphael , Schmitz Ralf , Köster Helen A. , Braun Janina , Steinhard Johannes , Oelmeier Kathrin , Klockenbusch Walter , Möllers Mareike 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between fetal thymus size measured during first-trimester screening and chromosomal anomalies.

Methods
This study is a retrospective evaluation, in which the anterior-posterior diameter of the thymus in a midsagittal plane was measured in first-trimester ultrasound between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation in 168 fetuses with chromosomal anomalies (study group) and 593 healthy fetuses (control group). The included cases were subdivided into six groups: (1) trisomy 21, (2) trisomy 18, (3) trisomy 13, (4) Turner syndrome, (5) triploidy and (6) normal controls. Thymus size measurements were adjusted to the week of gestation, which was determined by ultrasound using crown-rump-length (CRL), by calculating a ratio between CRL and thymus size (CRL-thymus-ratio). Each study group was compared with the control group separately.

Results
Thymus size in fetuses affected by trisomy 18 or trisomy 13 was noticeably smaller compared to the control group (1.4 mm [1.3, 1.5] and 1.3 mm [1.2, 1.4] vs. 1.8 mm [1.6, 2.1]; all p<0.001; respectively). The thymus size of fetuses with trisomy 21 and Turner syndrome did not differ from healthy fetuses. Between the CRL-thymus-ratios of the separate study groups no statistically noticeable differences could be found.

Conclusions
Fetal thymus size appeared to be smaller in pregnancies affected by trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. The predictive value of fetal thymus size in first-trimester screening should be evaluated prospectively.
Predicting Multiple Properties of Pervious Concrete through the Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pervious concrete creates a very porous medium that allows water to penetrate the pavement to underlying soils. It is a promising candidate in permeable pavement systems in urban areas, which could be an efficient solution to sustainable drainage systems. Concrete mixture design usually requires labor-intensive and time-consuming work, which involves a significant amount of “trial batching” approaches. Recently, machine learning methods have demonstrated that a robust model might help reduce the experimental work. Thus, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between predictors (nominal coarse aggregate sizes, cement content, water-to-cement ratios, and coarse aggregates content) and each of the different properties (density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and porosity) of pervious concrete. The modeling approach has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast, low-cost estimations of multiple properties of pervious concrete.
A Multi-Site Collaborative Study of the Hostile Priming Effect
Authors: McCarthy Randy , Gervais Will , Aczel Balazs , Al-Kire Rosemary L. , Aveyard Mark , Marcella Baraldo Silvia , Baruh Lemi , Basch Charlotte , Baumert Anna , Behler Anna , Bettencourt Ann , Bitar Adam , Bouxom Hugo , Buck Ashley , Cemalcilar Zeynep , Chekroun Peggy , Chen Jacqueline M. , del Fresno- Díaz Ángel , Ducham Alec , Edlund John E. , ElBassiouny Amanda , Evans Thomas Rhys , Ewell Patrick J. , Forscher Patrick S. , Fuglestad Paul T. , Hauck Lauren , Hawk Christopher E. , Hermann Anthony D. , Hines Bryon , Irumva Mukunzi , Jordan Lauren N. , Joy-Gaba Jennifer A. , Haley Catherine , Kačmár Pavol , Kezer Murat , Körner Robert , Kosaka Muriel , Kovacs Marton , Lair Elicia C. , Légal Jean-Baptiste , Leighton Dana C. , Magee Michael W. , Markman Keith , Martončik Marcel , Müller Martin , Norman Jasmine B. , Olsen Jerome , Oyler Danielle , Phills Curtis E. , Ribeiro Gianni , Rohain Alia , Sakaluk John , Schütz Astrid , Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Tsang Jo-Ann , Vezzoli Michela , Williams Caitlin , Willis Guillermo B. , Young Jason , Zogmaister Cristina 
Published: February 2021

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer’s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p = .16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p = .58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).
MITOL promotes cell survival by degrading Parkin during mitophagy
Authors: Shiiba Isshin , Takeda Keisuke , Nagashima Shun , Ito Naoki , Tokuyama Takeshi , Yamashita Shun‐Ichi , Kanki Tomotake , Komatsu Toru , Urano Yasuteru , Fujikawa Yuuta , Inatome Ryoko , Yanagi Shigeru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParkin promotes cell survival by removing damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. However, although some studies have suggested that Parkin induces cell death, the regulatory mechanism underlying the dual role of Parkin remains unknown. Herein, we report that mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL/MARCH5) regulates Parkin‐mediated cell death through the FKBP38‐dependent dynamic translocation from the mitochondria to the ER during mitophagy. Mechanistically, MITOL mediates ubiquitination of Parkin at lysine 220 residue, which promotes its proteasomal degradation, and thereby fine‐tunes mitophagy by controlling the quantity of Parkin. Deletion of MITOL leads to accumulation of the phosphorylated active form of Parkin in the ER, resulting in FKBP38 degradation and enhanced cell death. Thus, we have shown that MITOL blocks Parkin‐induced cell death, at least partially, by protecting FKBP38 from Parkin. Our findings unveil the regulation of the dual function of Parkin and provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of PD.
A Look at the Evolution of the Right to Self -determination in International Law
Authors: von Chamier Cieminski Paweł 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article takes stock of the historical development of the notion of the right of a people to self-determination in international law. It provides a coherent review of the main international treaties, customary rules, and legal rulings that shaped the evolution of the term over the course of the twentieth century. In doing so, it focuses on the main historical and political events, which had an impact on that process as well as the preconditions that have to be met in order for a people to have the legal capacity to execute the right to self-determination. Three main processes, which it focuses on are: decolonization, the establishment of a number of new countries following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the recent developments following ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo. It also delineates the subject of the legal definition of a “people” as opposed to a “minority”, describes the legal tension between the right to self--determination and the principle of territorial continuity in international law, and discusses potential further development of the term.
Normograma predictivo para evaluar la supervivencia en pacientes con metástasis vertebrales
Authors: Gottileb Juan , Resano Horacio , García Ignacio , Bulos Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La decisión respecto al procedimiento quirúrgico y la estrategia operatoria se basa en las expectativas de vida de los pacientes. Los sistemas difieren mucho en los parámetros evaluados y en el resultado del puntaje total. Por lo tanto, para un mismo paciente, se pueden calcular diferentes períodos de supervivencia y sugerir estrategias de tratamiento contradictorias.
Objetivo: Analizar pacientes con metástasis vertebrales que fueron operados y evaluar la supervivencia mediante el normograma del SORG (Skeletal Oncology Research Group).
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 20 pacientes, de marzo de 2017 a marzo de 2109. Los criterios de inclusión fueron metástasis vertebrales con compresión medular o sin ella. Parámetros de evaluación: el normograma del SORG con probabilidad de supervivencia a los 30, 90 y 365 días, en la fase prequirúrgica, y la evaluación alejada: supervivencia a marzo de 2020.
Resultados: 14 mujeres y 6 hombres, edad promedio: 67.9 años. Seguimiento de 6-36 meses. El puntaje promedio final fue de 222,4, lo que equivaldría a una supervivencia del 99% al mes, 78% a los 3 meses y 50% al año.
Conclusión: En pacientes oncológicos con metástasis vertebrales, el normograma del SORG seríaútil para predecir la supervivencia, sobre todo, al año.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Reducción de la luxación de hombro en tiempos de pandemia. Una nueva luz sobre una vieja ventana
Authors: Lencina Omar , Demarchi Edgardo Luis , Simbeni María Laura 
Published: February 2021

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con luxación de hombro izquierdo, que consulta en el servicio de emergencia de nuestro hospital, durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se incluye un video donde se muestra la maniobra de reducción de Davos o de Boos-Holzach-Matter con la que fue tratada.Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con luxación de hombro izquierdo, que consulta en el servicio de emergencia de nuestro hospital, durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se incluye un video donde se muestra la maniobra de reducción de Davos o de Boos-Holzach-Matter con la que fue tratada
Delayed Antibiotic Prescription for Children With Respiratory Infections: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mas-Dalmau Gemma , Villanueva López Carmen , Gorrotxategi Gorrotxategi Pedro , Argüelles Prendes Emma , Espinazo Ramos Oscar , Valls Duran Teresa , Gonzalo Alonso María Encarnación , Cortés Viana María Pilar , Menéndez Bada Tatiana , Vázquez Fernández Marta Esther , Pérez Hernández Ana Isabel , Muñoz Ortiz Laura , Little Paul , de la Poza Abad Mariam , Alonso-Coello Pablo ,   ON BEHALF OF THE DAP PEDIATRICS GROUP*
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the effectiveness and safety of delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP) compared to immediate antibiotic prescription (IAP) and no antibiotic prescription (NAP) in children with uncomplicated respiratory infections.

METHODS:
Randomized clinical trial comparing 3 antibiotic prescription strategies. The participants were children with acute uncomplicated respiratory infections attended to in 39 primary care centers. Children were randomly assigned into prescription arms as follows: (1) DAP, (2) IAP, or (3) NAP. Primary outcomes were symptom duration and severity. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic use, parental satisfaction, parental beliefs, additional primary care visits, and complications at 30 days.

RESULTS:
In total, 436 children were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) duration of severe symptoms was 10.1 (6.3) for IAP, 10.9 (8.5) for NAP, and 12.4 (8.4) for DAP (P = .539), although the differences were not statistically significant. The median (interquartile range) of the greatest severity for any symptom was similar for the 3 arms (median [interquartile range] score of 3 [2–4]; P = .619). Antibiotic use was significantly higher for IAP (n = 142 [96%]) compared to DAP (n = 37 [25.3%]) and NAP (n = 17 [12.0%]) (P &lt; .001). Complications, additional visits to primary care, and satisfaction were similar for all strategies. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were higher for IAP.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no statistically significant difference in symptom duration or severity in children with uncomplicated respiratory infections who received DAP compared to NAP or IAP strategies; however, DAP reduced antibiotic use and gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Innerarity, D. (2018). Política para perplejos. Barcelona, España: Galaxia Gutenberg
Authors: Robles Leal Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

En Política para perplejos, Daniel Innerarity nos presenta una lectura bastante clara de nuestra realidad global y donde apunta una cuestión con la cual todos podemos coincidir pero que no habíamos descrito con tanta vehemencia: asistimos a una época en la que la política nos llena de desconcierto e incertidumbre.
¿Qué es participación ciudadana para los partidos políticos municipales?
Authors: Barquero Zúñiga Sebastián , Villalta Florez-Estrada José María 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo describe el nivel de discusión sobre mecanismos de control democrático en el proceso electoral municipal 2016 en Costa Rica. Las reformas electorales y constitucionales de los últimos años han definido un orden jurídico y político que demanda mayor actividad de la ciudadanía en los asuntos públicos de las municipalidades. Por lo tanto, es importante ahondar en los instrumentos o mecanismos que ofrecen los partidos políticos en materia de participación ciudadana y cómo pretenden utilizarlos en un posible gobierno municipal.
“Somos domadores de seres humanos”: pacificación y necropolítica en las favelas de Río de Janeiro
Authors: Saborío Rodríguez Sebastián 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPPs) de Río de Janero, las cuales, desde diciembre del 2008, se han encargado de tomar el control de algunas de las favelas de la ciudad que eran ocupadas por grupos criminales fuertemente armados. Mediante el uso de los conceptos de“necropolítica” de Mbembe y de “pacificación” de Neocleous, se demostrará que en estos espacios el control policial está fuertemente marcado por su pasado colonial. En particular, en los últimos cuarenta años ha quedado claro que, para quienes han gobernado la ciudad, la vida de los habitantes de las favelas por sí misma no tiene ningún valor y que la decisión de dejarlos vivir o hacerlos morir está subordinada a intereses económicos. Antes del proceso de pacificación, las autoridades locales, apoyadas por la opinión pública, fomentaban la letalidad policial en las favelas, mientras que la permanencia de las UPPs se caracterizó por el intento de ocultar el necropoder de la policía en estos territorios y por querer transformar la imagen de los residentes con la intención de apoyar procesos de atracción de capitales internacionales que la ciudad implementó en la última década. En fin, se profundizará sobre los motivos que llevaron los agentes de las UPPs a considerar que su principalmisión es la de “civilizar” la población de las favelas. El análisis propuesto en este artículo es el resultado de un estudio etnográfico desarrollado principalmente junto a miembros de tres Unidades de Policía Pacificadora entre el 2013 y el 2015.