bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedure for assessing patients referred to the UK’s military Heat Illness Clinic: a case series
Authors: House Carol , Stacey M , Woods D , Allsopp A , Roiz de Sa D 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe UK military operates a Heat Illness Clinic (HIC) to aid the return to exercise, training and occupational duty recommendations for individuals who have suffered exertional heat illness or heatstroke. This paper describes the process of assessment and reports representative data from n=22 patients referred to the HIC.MethodThe assessment included clinical consultation, and measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) and a heat tolerance test (HTT) conducted on a treadmill in an environmental chamber with an air temperature of 34°C and 44% relative humidity. Patients began the HTT wearing military clothing, carrying a rucksack (mass 15 kg) and walking at 60% V̇O2max, at 30 min the rucksack and jacket were removed and the T-shirt at 45 min, individuals continued walking for 60–90 min. Patients were considered heat tolerant if rectal temperature achieved a plateau.ResultsN=14 patients were heat tolerant on the first assessment and of the n=8 patients required to return for repeat assessment, five were heat tolerant on the second assessment and the remaining three on the third assessment.ConclusionsIn conjunction with patient history and clinical evaluation, the HTT provides a physiological basis to assist with decisions concerning patient management and return to duty following an episode of heat illness.
Web-based survey to evaluate the prevalence of chronic and subacute cough and patient characteristics in Japan
Authors: Tobe Keisuke , Kubo Takekazu , Okuyama Kotoba , Kikuchi Masashi , Chen Yirong , Schelfhout Jonathan , Abe Machiko , Tokita Shigeru 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCough lasting 3–8 weeks and more than 8 weeks are defined as subacute/prolonged cough and chronic cough, respectively. Japanese chronic cough population has not been well studied. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of chronic cough and subacute cough patients in Japan. This study also sought to compare between chronic cough patients who were not greatly satisfied with treatment effectiveness for resolving cough and other chronic cough patients.MethodsData from a cross-sectional online 2019 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey and a supplemental chronic cough survey were used to understand respondents’ chronic cough status and their cough-specific characteristics and experience. The prevalence, patient characteristics and cough-specific characteristics were summarised descriptively. Patients who were not greatly satisfied with treatment effectiveness and other chronic cough patients were compared for their characteristics and cough severity.ResultsThe point prevalence of chronic cough was 2.89% and 12-month period prevalence was 4.29%. Among all chronic cough patients analysed, the average age was 56 years old, 61.1% were males and 29.4% were current smokers. Patients were most frequently told by a physician that cough was related to allergic rhinitis, asthma and cough variant asthma. Only 44.2% of chronic cough patients had spoken with a physician about their cough, and half of chronic cough patients did not use any medications. Patients who were not greatly satisfied with treatment effectiveness had significantly greater cough severity during past 2 weeks compared with other chronic cough patients (Visual Analogue Scale 45.34 vs 39.63).ConclusionsThis study described the prevalence and patient characteristics information of chronic cough patients in Japan. Furthermore, the study highlighted an unmet need for better diagnosis and treatments for chronic cough patients, especially among patients who were not greatly satisfied with treatment effectiveness and reported significantly worse cough severity.
Results from London Regional Clinical Genetics services over a 5-year period on germline TP53 testing in women diagnosed with breast cancer at <30 years
Authors: Garrett Alice , Talukdar Sabrina , Izatt Louise , Brady Angela F , Whyte Sinead , Josephs Katherine S , Shanmugasundaram Monisha , Guillemot Li Shan , Vakili Dara , Ey Shevaun , Ahmed Munaza 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe most common cancer diagnosed in germline TP53 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers is premenopausal breast cancer. An increased rate of breast tumour HER2 positivity has been reported in this group. Screening for breast/other cancers is recommended in PV carriers.Objectives1. To assess the frequency of germline TP53 PVs reported diagnostically in women with breast cancer at <30 years of age.2. To evaluate the impact of personal/family history and HER2 status on the likelihood of germline TP53 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (PV/LPV) identification.MethodsGenetic test results from patients undergoing diagnostic germline TP53 tests between 2012 and 2017 in the four London Regional Clinical Genetics Services were reviewed. Clinical/pathology data and family history were extracted from genetics files for women diagnosed with breast cancer at <30 years.ResultsThe overall germline TP53 PV/LPV variant detection rate was 9/270=3.3% in all women diagnosed with breast cancer at <30 years and 2/171=1.2% in those with no second/subsequent cancer diagnosis or family history of TP53-spectrum cancers. Breast cancers were significantly more likely to be HER2-positive in TP53 PV/LPV carriers than in non-carriers (p=0.00006).ConclusionsGermline TP53 PVs/LPVs are uncommon among women diagnosed with breast cancer aged <30 years without other relevant personal or family cancer history but have an important clinical impact when identified.
Finnish flow diverter study: 8 years of experience in the treatment of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Alpay Kemal , Hinkka Tero , Lindgren Antti E , Isokangas Juha-Matti , Raj Rahul , Parkkola Riitta , Sinisalo Matias , Numminen Jussi , Pienimäki Juha-Pekka , Saari Petri , Seppänen Janne , Palosaari Kari , Rautio Riitta 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFlow diversion of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is controversial due to high treatment-related complication rates and a lack of supporting evidence. We present clinical and radiological results of the largest series to date.MethodsThis is a nationwide retrospective study of acutely ruptured IAs treated with flow diverters (FDs). The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the last available follow-up time. Secondary outcomes were treatment-related complications and the aneurysm occlusion rate.Results110 patients (64 females; mean age 55.7 years; range 12–82 years) with acutely ruptured IAs were treated with FDs between 2012 and 2020 in five centers. 70 acutely ruptured IAs (64%) were located in anterior circulation, and 47 acutely ruptured IAs (43%) were blister-like. A favorable functional outcome (mRS 0–2) was seen in 73% of patients (74/102). Treatment-related complications were seen in 45% of patients (n=49). Rebleeding was observed in 3 patients (3%). The data from radiological follow-ups were available for 80% of patients (n=88), and complete occlusion was seen in 90% of aneurysms (79/88). The data from clinical follow-ups were available for 93% of patients (n=102). The overall mortality rate was 18% (18/102).ConclusionsFD treatment yields high occlusion for acutely ruptured IAs but is associated with a high risk of complications. Considering the high mortality rate of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, the prevention of rebleeding is crucial. Thus, FD treatment may be justified as a last resort option.
Comparing weak- and unsupervised methods for resonant anomaly detection
Authors: Collins Jack H. , Martín-Ramiro Pablo , Nachman Benjamin , Shih David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnomaly detection techniques are growing in importance at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), motivated by the increasing need to search for new physics in a model-agnostic way. In this work, we provide a detailed comparative study between a well-studied unsupervised method called the autoencoder (AE) and a weakly-supervised approach based on the Classification Without Labels (CWoLa) technique. We examine the ability of the two methods to identify a new physics signal at different cross sections in a fully hadronic resonance search. By construction, the AE classification performance is independent of the amount of injected signal. In contrast, the CWoLa performance improves with increasing signal abundance. When integrating these approaches with a complete background estimate, we find that the two methods have complementary sensitivity. In particular, CWoLa is effective at finding diverse and moderately rare signals while the AE can provide sensitivity to very rare signals, but only with certain topologies. We therefore demonstrate that both techniques are complementary and can be used together for anomaly detection at the LHC.
Inquiring electromagnetic quantum fluctuations about the orientability of space
Authors: Lemos N. A. , Rebouças M. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrientability is an important global topological property of spacetime manifolds. It is often assumed that a test for spatial orientability requires a global journey across the whole 3-space to check for orientation-reversing paths. Since such a global expedition is not feasible, theoretical arguments that combine universality of physical experiments with local arrow of time, CP violation and CPT invariance are usually offered to support the choosing of time- and space-orientable spacetime manifolds. Another theoretical argument also offered to support this choice comes from the impossibility of having globally defined spinor fields on non-orientable spacetime manifolds. In this paper, we argue that it is possible to locally access spatial orientability of Minkowski empty spacetime through physical effects involving quantum vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations. We study the motions of a charged particle and a point electric dipole subject to these electromagnetic fluctuations in Minkowski spacetime with orientable and non-orientable spatial topologies. We derive analytic expressions for a statistical orientability indicator for both of these point-like particles in two inequivalent spatially flat topologies. For the charged particle, we show that it is possible to distinguish the orientable from the non-orientable topology by contrasting the time evolution of the orientability indicators. This result reveals that it is possible to access orientability through electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. However, the answer to the central question of the paper, namely how to locally probe the orientability of Minkowski 3-space intrinsically, comes about only in the study of the motions of an electric dipole. For this point-like particle, we find that a characteristic inversion pattern exhibited by the curves of the orientability statistical indicator is a signature of non-orientability. This result makes it clear that it is possible to locally unveil spatial non-orientability through the inversion pattern of curves of our orientability indicator for a point electric dipole under quantum vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations. Our findings might open the way to a conceivable experiment involving quantum vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations to locally probe the spatial orientability of Minkowski empty spacetime.
Inhibition of metastasis using particles that release chitosan upon radiation: A preliminary study
Authors: Harada Satoshi , Sato Takahiro 
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the particles releasing chitosan upon exposure to radiation on inhibition of metastasis. A 10 mL solution of water containing 0.2% weight/volume alginate, 0.1% hyaluronic acid, and 100-mg chitosan was sprayed into the vibrating solution through a stainless mesh filter (pore size: 0.8 [Formula: see text]m) using an ultrasound disintegrator, thereby generating chitosan particles. Further, [Formula: see text] particles floating in 0.1 mL normal saline were subcutaneously injected around the 4TI cells-derived tumor in the left hind legs of six-week-old male C3He/N mice. Six hours after injection, tumors were exposed to 10 Gy or 20 Gy of 100-keV soft X-ray radiation. The release of chitosan was expressed as the frequency of ruptured chitosan particles 12 h after radiation. The antimetastatic effect was confirmed by a reduction in the number of metastatic pulmonary nodules 21 days after completion of treatment. More than [Formula: see text]% of the chitosan particles released chitosan in response to radiation. The particles releasing chitosan had a prolonged antimetastatic effect when compared with the particles not releasing chitosan, thereby resulting in a significantly greater antimetastatic effect lasting for four weeks since the completion of treatment, in tumors treated with both 10 Gy and 20 Gy of radiation. Hence, particlizing chitosan could be useful in reducing metastasis in irradiated tumors.
The Role of Ophiopogonin D in Atherosclerosis: Impact on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Ya-Xin , Qu Shan-Shan , Zhang Li-Hua , Gu Yu-Yan , Chen Yi-Hao , Huang Zhi-Yong , Liu Meng-Hua , Zou Wei , Jiang Jing , Chen Jun-Qi , Wang Yu-Jue , Zhou Feng-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Gut microbiota has been proven to play an important role in many metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis. Ophiopogonin D (OPD), one of the effective compounds in Ophiopogon japonicus, is considered beneficial to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we have illuminated the effect of OPD in ApoE knockout (ApoE[Formula: see text] mice on the development of atherosclerosis and gut microbiota. To investigate the potential ability of OPD to alleviate atherosclerosis, 24 eight-week-old male ApoE[Formula: see text] mice (C57BL/6 background) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and 8 male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, serving as the control group. ApoE[Formula: see text] mice were randomly divided into the model group, OPD group, and simvastatin group ([Formula: see text]= 8). After treatment for 12 consecutive weeks, the results showed that OPD treatment significantly decreased the plaque formation and levels of serum lipid compared with those in the model group. In addition, OPD improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin resistance as well as reducing hepatocyte steatosis. Further analysis revealed that OPD might attenuate atherosclerosis through inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation and the consequent lipid metabolism signaling pathways mediated by SREBP1 and SCD1 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, OPD treatment led to significant structural changes in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in HFD-fed mice and reduced the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae genera associated with cholesterol metabolism. Collectively, these findings illustrate that OPD could significantly protect against atherosclerosis, which might be associated with the moderation of lipid metabolism and alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites.
Learning Multimodal Affinities for Textual Editing in Images
Authors: Perel Or , Anschel Oron , Ben-Eliezer Omri , Mazor Shai , Averbuch-Elor Hadar 
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, as cameras are rapidly adopted in our daily routine, images of documents are becoming both abundant and prevalent. Unlike natural images that capture physical objects, document-images contain a significant amount of text with critical semantics and complicated layouts. In this work, we devise a generic unsupervised technique to learn multimodal affinities between textual entities in a document-image, considering their visual style, the content of their underlying text, and their geometric context within the image. We then use these learned affinities to automaticallycluster the textual entities in the image into different semantic groups. The core of our approach is a deep optimization scheme dedicated for an image provided by the user that detects and leverages reliable pairwise connections in the multimodal representation of the textual elements to properly learn the affinities. We show that our technique can operate on highly varying images spanning a wide range of documents and demonstrate its applicability for various editing operations manipulating the content, appearance, and geometry of the image.
BlueFlood
Authors: Nahas Beshr Al , Escobar-Molero Antonio , Klaue Jirka , Duquennoy Simon , Landsiedel Olaf 
Published: July 2021

Bluetooth is an omnipresent technology, available on billions of devices today. While it has been traditionally limited to peer-to-peer communication and star networks, the recent Bluetooth Mesh standard extends it to multi-hop networking. In addition, the Bluetooth 5 standard introduces new modes to allow for increased reliability. In this article, we evaluate the feasibility of concurrent transmissions (CT) in Bluetooth via modeling and controlled experiments and then devise an efficient network-wide data dissemination protocol, BlueFlood, based on CT for multi-hop Bluetooth networks.
First, we model and analyze how CT distorts the received waveform and characterize the Bit Error Rate of a Frequency-Shift Keying receiver to show that CT is feasible over Bluetooth. Second, we verify our analytic results with a controlled experimental study of CT over Bluetooth PHY. Third, we present BlueFlood, a fast and efficient network-wide data dissemination in multi-hop Bluetooth networks.
In our experimental evaluation, in two testbeds deployed in university buildings, we show that BlueFlood achieves 99.9% end-to-end delivery ratio with a duty-cycle of 0.4% for periodic dissemination of advertising packets of 38 bytes with 200 milliseconds intervals at 2 Mbps. Moreover, we show that BlueFlood can be received by off-the-shelf devices such as smartphones, paving a seamless integration with existing technologies.
Inequities in Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Valve Replacement Between Black/African‐American, White, and Hispanic Residents of Maryland
Authors: Czarny Matthew J. , Hasan Rani K. , Post Wendy S. , Chacko Matthews , Schena Stefano , Resar Jon R. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Racial and ethnic inequities exist in surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis (AS), and early studies have suggested similar inequities in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective analysis of the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission inpatient data set from 2016 to 2018. Black patients had half the incidence of any inpatient AS diagnosis compared with White patients (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.48–0.52;
P
<0.001) and Hispanic patients had one fourth the incidence compared with White patients (IRR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22–0.29;
P
<0.001). Conversely, the incidence of any inpatient mitral regurgitation diagnosis did not differ between White and Black patients (IRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97–1.03;
P
=0.97) but was significantly lower in Hispanic compared with White patients (IRR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33–0.40;
P
<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, Black race was associated with a lower incidence of surgical aortic valve replacement (IRR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55–0.82
P
<0.001 relative to White race) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (IRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90;
P
=0.002) among those with any inpatient diagnosis of AS. Hispanic patients had a similar rate of surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with White patients.

Conclusions
Hospitalization with any diagnosis of AS is less common in Black and Hispanic patients than in White patients. In hospitalized patients with AS, Black race is associated with a lower incidence of both surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with White patients, whereas Hispanic patients have a similar incidence of both. The reasons for these inequities are likely multifactorial.
The Odd Future Participle at Pol. Phil. XIII: Reassessing the Authenticity and Unity of Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians
Authors: Linderborg Otto , Johansson Viktor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Letter to the Philippians is the sole surviving work of the early Christian bishop and martyr, Polycarp of Smyrna. Ever since the 17th century scholars have contested the authenticity and unity of the letter without reaching a settlement. However, new linguistic evidence allows for a reassessment of the controversy. The future participle πρεσβεύσοντα at Pol. Phil. XIII.1 is one of a mere four occurrences of FPs in the entire corpus of the Apostolic Fathers, and the use of the FP is exceedingly rare among low-register Judeo-Christian texts in general. The statistical analysis over a wide range of Ancient Greek literary texts conducted in this paper lends support to the conclusion that Pol. Phil. is a uniform text with a spurious interpolation in the form of the bulk of chapter XIII.
Modelling a Christian Academy: Christ, Disciples, and Biblical Scholarship in Origen’s Commentary on Matthew
Authors: Solheid John C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses evidence in Origen’s Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew of the Alexandrian’s self-understanding of his scholastic practices. Drawing on Origen’s interpretation of the parables in the Gospel, I argue that Origen exploits the motif of Jesus explaining the parables to his disciples as a model for his own school enterprise in Caesarea. In light of this observation, I will begin by examining the echoes of the classroom environment found in Origen’s Matthew Commentary building on the work of Guido Bendinelli and Lorenzo Perrone. Paying particular attention to stylistic features, such as the use of the first-person plural, I will map the classroom dynamic in the making of the commentary. Then, I will focus on Origen’s hermeneutical approach to Jesus’ parables, especially the distinction he draws between Jesus engagement with the “crowds” and his private teaching to the disciples. Underpinning the Matthew Commentary was Origen’s attempt to model his school against the conceptual backdrop of the Jesus-disciple dynamic and the Greco-Roman philosophical school tradition.
On an Alleged Senatus Consultum against the Christians
Authors: Gassman Mattias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A passage in Macarius Magnes’ Apocriticus (2,14 Volp) has recently been adduced to support the long-controverted hypothesis that a senatus consultum was issued against the Christians in the year 35. The note reviews the evidence and finds it wanting. Of the texts usually adduced, Tertullian, Apologeticum 5,1–3 does not describe a senatus consultum, Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica 5,21,4 and the Greek and Armenian Acta Apollonii say nothing about Tiberius, and Jerome, Chronicon 35–36 post Christum appears to be an elaboration from Tertullian. The Macarian passage, in turn, refers to a “common judgment” and describes the condemnation of Christians by all respectable persons, especially the senatus populusque Romanus. It does not describe the promulgation of a formal senatus consultum.