bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourist enterprise marketing complex: international and national aspect
Authors: Птащенко О.В. , Вовк В.А. 
Published: June 2021

The main features of the marketing complex for the enterprises of the tourist branch are considered in the article.
In a market economy, the concept of marketing, as part of improving enterprise management, becomes an integral part of its activities. With the help of a number of controlled marketing variables, business entities can influence customers, stimulate them, encouraging them to certain, desirable for the company actions in the market until the purchase.
One of the elements of the marketing complex is the brand. Increasingly, it is important to use it as one of the most important marketing factors that can ensure the success of the company in the market. To a large extent, this success is due to choosing the right branding strategy. This choice, as well as the positioning and development strategy of the brand directly depend on the chosen variety.
In addition, it should be noted that the purpose of marketing is not only to benefit companies, but also to build long-term relationships with consumers, meet their demands, improve the quality of goods and services, improve the conditions of their acquisition.
It should also be noted that the formation of marketing activities at the enterprise today is impossible without a focus on modern technology. Such technologies include Internet marketing as a modern way of building a business.
Principles of tourism marketing: constant search and maximum respect for the consumer, focus on his needs and requirements, which provide the market is not goods and services, and ways to solve consumer problems; flexibility in achieving the set goal by adapting to the requirements of the market with a simultaneous targeted impact on it; a comprehensive approach to the development of marketing plans, which involves the use not of individual marketing activities, and a set of marketing, a combination of individual elements which allows you to achieve a certain goal; focus on the long-term prospects of the enterprise.
Thus, the main purpose of each enterprise is to achieve profitability and stability of services. Today it is possible to achieve only through the introduction of basic principles of marketing and the formation of a comprehensive mechanism of marketing activities. At the same time, the high cost of enterprises, for example, machine-building industry, agricultural machinery enterprises should be compensated by the introduction of modern advanced production technologies, rational use of fundamentally new materials, introduction of modern technological policy, including marketing and work aimed at improving skills. All this once again confirms the importance of marketing management today and as a consequence of the constant introduction of the latest marketing tools.
Sustainable development of the region's ecosystem: essence and support problems
Authors: Семененко I.M. , Галгаш Р.А. , Литовка Я.О. , Борова Г.О. 
Published: June 2021

The article examines the essence of the ecosystem of the region and the problems of its sustainable development support. In particular, different interpretations of the ecosystem are identified. The ecosystem approach is presented as the basis of the concept of sustainable development.
It is proposed to define the ecosystem of the region as a set of interdependent actors and factors coordinated to improve the social, ecological and economic condition of the region. The region's ecosystem has its own structure, which is defined in the paper. Each ecosystem is characterized by a specific set of characteristics, which determine the potential for ecosystem development, including resources, barriers and needs that distinguish ecosystems in different regions. The stakeholders within the ecosystem structure include public authorities and local governments, the private sector, the public sector, as well as educational institutions and research institutions. Each stakeholder has own functions, which contribute to sustainable development of the ecosystem. The components of the region's ecosystems meet the three dimensions of the sustainable development goals, the simultaneous implementation of which is of great importance.
There are a lot of factors, which influence the region's ecosystem development. The classification of these factors is presented in the article. The factors include internal and external, resource and regulatory, positive and negative impact etc. The possible manifestation of positive and negative impact of the factors on sustainable development of the region's ecosystem is examined. The factors specific to Luhansk oblast, which are connected with the negative impact of the armed conflict, are outlined.
The necessity to create the institutional support of sustainable development of region's ecosystem is defined. Such institutional support includes regulatory, organizational, managerial, financial, economic and information components. These components are realized within the legislative framework, organizational framework, civil society framework.
SARS-CoV-2 Host Receptor ACE2 Protein Expression Atlas in Human Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: An Xiang , Lin Wenlong , Liu Huan , Zhong Weixiang , Zhang Xiuming , Zhu Yimin , Wang Xiaojian , Li Jun , Sheng Qinsong 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells through interactions with its receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and death in a considerable proportion of people. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience digestive symptoms. However, the precise protein expression atlas of ACE2 in the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the ACE2 protein expression pattern and the underlying function of ACE2 in the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon, stomach, liver, and pancreas.MethodsWe measured the protein expression of ACE2 in the gastrointestinal tract using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with an ACE2-specific antibody of paraffin-embedded colon, stomach, liver, and pancreatic tissues. The correlation between the protein expression of ACE2 and the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancers was analyzed by the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. The influence of ACE2 on colon, stomach, liver, and pancreatic tumor cell line proliferation was tested using a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay.ResultsACE2 presented heterogeneous expression patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, and it showed a punctate distribution in hepatic cells. Compared to that in parallel adjacent non-tumor tissues, the protein expression of ACE2 was significantly increased in colon cancer, stomach cancer, and pancreatic cancer tissues but dramatically decreased in liver cancer tissues. However, the expression level of the ACE2 protein was not correlated with the survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Consistently, ACE2 did not affect the proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells in vitro.ConclusionThe ACE2 protein is widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, and its expression is significantly altered in gastrointestinal tumor tissues. ACE2 is not an independent prognostic marker of gastrointestinal cancers.
LncRNA HCP5 Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and EMT Processes Through the miR-186-5p/WNT5A Axis Under Hypoxia
Authors: Gao Ming , Liu Liying , Yang Yudan , Li Mengyi , Ma Qingqing , Chang Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo experimentally determine the involvement and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HCP5 in the development of gastric cancer (GC).MethodsDetection of HCP5, miR-186-5p, and WNT5A expression in clinical GC tissues and adjacent healthy tissues was performed, followed by Pearson correlation analysis. BGC-823 and AGS cells, with interferences of HCP5, miR-186-5p, and WNT5A, were cultured under hypoxia. MTT, colony formation assay, Caspase-3 activity assay, and transwell assay were applied for the determination of cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, and invasion, respectively. Expressions of WNT5A and protein markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells were detected by western blotting. And the binding of HCP5 and WNT5A to miR-186-5p was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsIn GC tissues, an increase in HCP5 and WNT5A expressions and a reduction in miR-186-5p expression were found, and the negative correlation between miR-186-5p and HCP5/WNT5A was proven. Subsequently, under hypoxia, an increase in HCP5 and WNT5A expressions and a decrease in miR-186-5p expression in GC cells were confirmed. In addition, in GC cells under hypoxia, the inhibition of HCP5 suppressed cell biological activity and EMT, while the inhibition of miR-186-5p or the overexpression of WNT5A led to the opposite changes.ConclusionAn upregulation of WNT5A expression by HCP5 competitively binding to miR-186-5p promotes GC cell development.
In-House Packed Porous Graphitic Carbon Columns for Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of N-Glycans
Authors: Young Clifford , Condina Mark R. , Briggs Matthew T. , Moh Edward S. X. , Kaur Gurjeet , Oehler Martin K. , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: June 2021

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that modulates biological processes such as the immune response and protein trafficking. Altered glycosylation profiles are associated with cancer and inflammatory diseases, as well as impacting the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Consisting of oligosaccharides attached to asparagine residues, enzymatically released N-linked glycans are analytically challenging due to the diversity of isomeric structures that exist. A commonly used technique for quantitative N-glycan analysis is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which performs glycan separation and characterization. Although many reversed and normal stationary phases have been utilized for the separation of N-glycans, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) chromatography has become desirable because of its higher resolving capability, but is difficult to implement in a robust and reproducible manner. Herein, we demonstrate the analytical properties of a 15 cm fused silica capillary (75 µm i.d., 360 µm o.d.) packed in-house with Hypercarb PGC (3 µm) coupled to an Agilent 6550 Q-TOF mass spectrometer for N-glycan analysis in positive ion mode. In repeatability and intermediate precision measurements conducted on released N-glycans from a glycoprotein standard mixture, the majority of N-glycans reported low coefficients of variation with respect to retention times (≤4.2%) and peak areas (≤14.4%). N-glycans released from complex samples were also examined by PGC LC-MS. A total of 120 N-glycan structural and compositional isomers were obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissue sections. Finally, a comparison between early- and late-stage formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissues revealed qualitative changes in the α2,3- and α2,6-sialic acid linkage of a fucosylated bi-antennary complex N-glycan. Although the α2,3-linkage was predominant in late-stage ovarian cancer, the alternate α2,6-linkage was more prevalent in early-stage ovarian cancer. This study establishes the utility of in-house packed PGC columns for the robust and reproducible LC-MS analysis of N-glycans.
Case Report: Hypothyroidism Misdiagnosed as Fulminant Myocarditis in a Child
Authors: Zhang Nanjun , Shao Shuran , Yan Yu , Hua Yimin , Zhou Kaiyu , Wang Chuan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Hypothyroidism can lead to bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, cardiac enlargement, and abnormal electrocardiogram. However, hemodynamic instability and malignant arrhythmias due to hypothyroidism is rarely reported in children.Patient Findings: We report the case of a child with third-degree atrioventricular block, cardiogenic shock, and Adams Stokes Syndrome, who was initially misdiagnosed with fulminant myocarditis and was later found to have hypothyroidism during treatment.Summary: The child's condition did not improve after the administration of gamma globulin, methylprednisolone, and isoproterenol. Even after the placement of temporary pacemakers, the therapeutic effect was still not ideal. Upon reviewing the medical history, the child's condition improved rapidly after levothyroxine supplementation.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is a common disease, but secondary severe cardiovascular lesions are particularly rare in children. Therefore, the delay in diagnosis can lead to serious cardiovascular manifestations. When pediatric patients develop severe AVB and bradycardia, hypothyroidism should be considered as a possible cause.
An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Corradino M. , Pepe F. , Burrato P. , Kanari M. , Parrino N. , Bertotti G. , Bosman A. , Casalbore D. , Ferranti L. , Martorelli E. , Monaco C. , Sacchi M. , Tibor G. 
Published: June 2021

Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant’Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (&gt;3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (&lt;1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an ∼E-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant’Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc.
Crustal Structure Across the Northern Region of the Islas Marías Archipelago
Authors: Madrigal Luis Alfredo , Núñez Diana , Escalona-Alcázar Felipe de Jesús , Núñez-Cornú Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2021

The tectonic interaction between the Rivera and North American plates north of the Bahía de Banderas is poorly understood. The nature of the crust and where the subduction ends in the western part of the Islas Marias Archipelago are still controversial. Based on new geophysical data provided by the TsuJal project, we present the shallow and deep crustal structure of the Rivera–North American plate contact zone along two seismic transects, TS09b and RTSIM01b, and the bathymetry obtained across the northern region of María Madre Island. Detailed bathymetric analysis allowed mapping of a series of lineaments along the study region, with two main preferred tendencies (020–050° and 290–320°) associated with the evolution of the Pacific-Rivera rise and the transform faults of the Gulf of California, respectively. The shallow structure is characterized by five sedimentary basins without deformation, whose horizons are subparallel, suggesting that the sediment deposition occurred after the extension process ended. The deep structure corresponds to a transition between oceanic crust (Rivera Plate), with an average thickness of ∼10 km to the Islas Marías Escarpment, and a thinned continental crust, whose thickness increases toward the continent until it reaches 28 km, with a dip angle of 7–10°. The absence of an accretionary prism suggests that the subduction process of the Rivera Plate beneath the North American Plate to the north of Islas Marías has ceased. In this study, we determined that the morphological expression of the northern limit of the Rivera Plate corresponds to the Islas Marías Escarpment.
Assessment of Modified RELAP5 MOD3.2 Against LBE Natural Circulation Test Loops
Authors: Lv Yufeng , Liu Xingmin , Li Weihan , Guo Chunqiu , Zhou Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

Motivated by the significant natural circulation capability of lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE)–cooled systems, the RELAP5 MOD3.2 code was modified for the analysis of LBE-cooled reactors and non-nuclear systems. The thermo-physical properties of LBE have been incorporated into the code without affecting the code’s original performance; new heat transfer correlations for liquid metal have been implemented. For the purpose of validating the modified code, experimental results of two different LBE natural circulation test loops were compared with the code simulation results. The first one was a natural circulation setup process test at a power of 22.5 kW performed at the Natural Circulation Experimental (NACIE) facility. The simulated inlet and outlet LBE temperatures across the heat source and mass flow rate of LBE agreed well with the test data. The second one was natural circulation conditions under five different power levels conducted at the Natural Circulation Capability Loop (NCCL) facility. The LBE temperature difference and mass flow rate under different power levels predicted by the code were consistent with the experimental data. Generally speaking, the modified code gives acceptable results, and the code could be applied for further LBE systems thermal-hydraulic analysis.
IL-33 Gene Polymorphisms as Potential Biomarkers of Disease Susceptibility and Response to TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Iwaszko Milena , Wielińska Joanna , Świerkot Jerzy , Kolossa Katarzyna , Sokolik Renata , Bugaj Bartosz , Chaszczewska-Markowska Monika , Jeka Sławomir , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) belong to inflammatory rheumatic diseases, the group of conditions of unknown etiology. However, a strong genetic component in their pathogenesis has been well established. A dysregulation of cytokine networks plays an important role in the development of inflammatory arthritis. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family. To date, the significance of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis has been poorly studied. This research aimed to investigate the potential of IL-33 gene polymorphisms to serve as biomarkers for disease susceptibility and TNF inhibitor response in RA, AS, and PsA patients.Materials and MethodsIn total, 735 patients diagnosed with RA, AS, and PsA and 229 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-33 gene, namely, rs16924159 (A/G), rs10975519 (T/C), and rs7044343 (C/T), was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification employing LightSNiP assays.ResultsIn the present study, the IL-33 rs10975519 CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk of developing RA in females, while the IL-33 rs16924159 polymorphism was associated with the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy and clinical parameters for RA and AS patients. The IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype correlated with higher disease activity and worse clinical outcomes in RA patients treated with TNF inhibitors, and AS patients carrying the IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype had higher disease activity and a worse response to anti-TNF therapy. That indicates a deleterious role of the IL-33 rs16924159 AA genotype in the context of RA, as well as AS.ConclusionsThe obtained results suggest that IL-33 gene polymorphisms might be potential candidate biomarkers of disease susceptibility and anti-TNF treatment response in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Association Between Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy During Sjӧgren’s Syndrome and Serologic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Berardicurti Onorina , Ruscitti Piero , Di Benedetto Paola , D’Andrea Settimio , Navarini Luca , Marino Annalisa , Cipriani Paola , Giacomelli Roberto 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePatients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) may develop a potentially severe disease with extra-glandular involvement and lymphoma insurgence. Minor salivary gland biopsy is routinely used in the disease diagnosis, but its potential role as a biomarker for clinical disease presentation and prognosis is still poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical presentation and prognosis in pSS patients who underwent minor salivary gland biopsy at diagnosis according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsWe included five retrospective studies and 589 pSS patients. Ectopic GCs presence was not associated with a significant increase in the odds ratio for the clinical variables explored such as salivary gland swelling, arthritis, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. As far as serological features are concerned, ectopic GCs presence accounted for an increased ratio of antibodies anti-SSA (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.25–7.85, p = 0.02, I2 = 79%), anti-SSB (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.50–10.37, p = 0.0005, I2 = 80%), and RFs presence (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.94–5.00, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 0%).ConclusionsThis study showed that the association between ectopic GC in salivary glands identifies a clinical subset characterized by autoantibodies presence, and probably pSS patients affected from a more severe disease.
Increased Ion Conductivity in Composite Solid Electrolytes With Porous Co3O4 Cuboids
Authors: Zhou Qiongyu , Liu Songli , Zhang Shiju , Che Yong , Gan Li-Hua 
Published: June 2021

Compared with the fagile ceramic solid electrolyte, Li-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are flexible and have better contact with electrodes. However, the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes is usually limited because of the slow segment motion of the polymer. In this work, we introduce porous Co3O4 cuboids to Poly (Ethylene Oxide)-based electrolyte (PEO) to investigate the influence of these cuboids on the ionic conductivity of the composite electrolyte and the performance of the all-solid-state batteries. The experiment results showed the porous cuboid Co3O4 fillers not only break the order motion of segments of the polymer to increase the amorphous phase amount, but also build Li+ continuous migration pathway along the Co3O4 surface by the Lewis acid-base interaction. The Li+ conductivity of the composite polymer electrolyte reaches 1.6 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30°C. The good compatibility of the composite polymer electrolyte to Li metal anode and LiFePO4 cathode ensures good rate performance and long cycle life when applying in an all-solid-state LiFePO4 battery. This strategy points out the direction for developing the high-conducting composite polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.