bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Cilia for Droplets Transportation and Microchemical Reaction
Authors: Fan Yuyan , Li Shuyi , Wei Dongsong , Fang Zhengping , Han Zhiwu , Liu Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn nature, fluid manipulation plays a crucial role in the life of organisms, which has attracted great attentions of research and industry. Here, a functional bionic cilia surface is designed via the simple magnetic field assistance and laser etching technique. Multidirectional droplet transportation occurs on superhydrophobic cilia surface, which has good mechanical, physical, and chemical stability. The as‐prepared surface covered with cilia in the superhydrophobic (WCA of 156 ± 2°) and hydrophobic (WCA of 119 ± 3°) area possess different adhesion state, which can be used for multiple chemical reactions as a microreaction platform. Furthermore, bionic cilia surface can be used as a transport tool in the analysis and detection with average transfer speed of 2.3 cm s−1, which provides new opportunities in the development of small analysis equipment. Importantly, magnetically induced bionic cilia surfaces have broad potential applications in developing smart surfaces, droplet control, lab‐on‐a‐chip, etc.
Graphene‐Based Femtogram‐Level Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Bahrani Sonia , Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Omidifar Navid , Behbahan Nader Ghaleh Golab , Arjmand Mohammad , Ramakrishna Seeram , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Moghadami Mohsen , Firoozsani Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid distribution of viral‐induced diseases and weaknesses of common diagnostic platforms for accurate and sensitive identification of infected people raises an urgent demand for the design and fabrication of biosensors capable of early detection of viral biomarkers with high specificity. Accordingly, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as artificial antibodies prove to be an ideal preliminary detection platform for specific identification of target templates, with superior sensitivity and detection limit (DL). MIPs detect the target template with the “lock and key” mechanism, the same as natural monoclonal antibodies, and present ideal stability at ambient temperature, which improves their practicality for real applications. Herein, a 2D MIP platform consisting of decorated graphene oxide with the interconnected complex of polypyrrole‐boronic acid is developed that can detect the trace of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antigen in aquatic biological samples with ultrahigh sensitivity/specificity with DL of 0.326 and 11.32 fg mL–1 using voltammetric and amperometric assays, respectively. Additionally, the developed MIP shows remarkable stability, selectivity, and accuracy toward detecting the target template, which paves the way for developing ultraspecific and prompt screening diagnostic configurations capable of detecting the antigen in 1 min or 20 s using voltammetric or amperometric techniques.
Tuning Cholesteric Selective Reflection In Situ Upon Two‐Photon Polymerization Enables Structural Multicolor 4D Microfabrication
Authors: Ritacco Tiziana , Aceti Dante M. , De Domenico Gianfranco , Giocondo Michele , Mazzulla Alfredo , Cipparrone Gabriella , Pagliusi Pasquale 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEffective optical elements with tailored properties often rely on the capability to tune the material's structure at the nanoscale. Thanks to their self‐organized 1D helical arrangement, cholesteric liquid crystals represent a beautiful example of optical materials whose properties are governed by their supramolecular structure. According to the Bragg's law, selective reflection of circular polarized light occurs for wavelengths within the photonic band gap, which, beside the refractive indices, depends on the helix pitch. Here, polymeric microstructures with tailored PBG are demonstrated by two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing in cholesteric reactive mesogens. Turning a renowned disadvantage into an opportunity, the shrinkage upon the layer‐by‐layer photopolymerization is exploited to control the effective helix pitch. Starting from a PBG of the precursor in the near infra‐red, micro‐cylinders which exhibit Bragg selective reflection at lower wavelength ranges, down to the opposite end of the visible spectrum, are fabricated in a single‐step process by tuning the laser exposure parameters. As a proof‐of‐concept, a 4D quick response (QR) micro‐tag, which adds the polarization‐selective structural color and the height of the blocks to the usual 2D black/white QR codes, is demonstrated as a novel paradigm of optical anti‐counterfeiting microdevice.
How early does the selfing syndrome arise? Associations between selfing ability and flower size within populations of the mixed‐mater Collinsia verna
Authors: McElderry Robert M. , Spigler Rachel B. , Vogler Donna W. , Kalisz Susan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPremiseWidespread associations between selfing rate and floral size within and among taxa suggest that these traits may evolve in concert. Does this association develop immediately because of shared genetic and/or developmental control, or stepwise with selection shaping the evolution of one trait following the other? If the former, then association ought to appear within and across selfing populations. We explore this fundamental question in three populations of the mixed‐mater Collinsia verna where autonomous selfing (AS) ability has been shown to be under selection by the pollination environment.MethodsWe grew clonal replicates of C. verna in a controlled environment to characterize broad‐sense genetic correlations among traits within populations and to assess whether divergence in mating system and floral traits among these populations is consistent with their previously observed selection pressures.ResultsAs predicted by their respective pollination environments, we demonstrate significant genetic divergence among populations in AS ability. However, patterns of divergence in floral traits (petal, stamen, and style size, stigmatic receptivity, and stigma‐anther distance) were not as expected. Within populations, genetic variation in AS appeared largely independent from floral traits, except for a single weak negative association in one population between flower size and AS rate.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that associations between selfing rate and floral traits across Collinsia species are not reflected at microevolutionary scales. If C. verna were to continue evolving toward the selfing syndrome, floral trait evolution would likely follow stepwise from mating system evolution.
High Water Adsorption MOFs with Optimized Pore‐Nanospaces for Autonomous Indoor Humidity Control and Pollutants Removal
Authors: Zhu Neng‐Xiu , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Chen Cheng‐Xia , Xiong Xiao‐Hong , Xiong Yang‐Yang , Zeng Zheng , Wang Wei , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Fan Ya‐Nan , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe indoor air quality is of prime importance for human daily life and health, for which the adsorbents like zeolites and silica‐gels are widely used for air dehumidification and harmful gases capture. Herein, we develop a pore‐nanospace post‐engineering strategy to optimize the hydrophilicity, water‐uptake capacity and air‐purifying ability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with long‐term stability, offering an ideal candidate with autonomous multi‐functionality of moisture control and pollutants sequestration. Through variant tuning of organic‐linkers carrying hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the pore‐nanospaces of prototypical UiO‐67, a moderately hydrophilic MOF (UiO‐67‐4Me‐NH2‐38 %) with high thermal, hydrolytic and acid‐base stability is screened out, featuring S‐shaped water sorption isotherms exactly located in the recommended comfortable and healthy ranges of relative humidity for indoor ventilation (45 %–65 % RH) and adverse health effects minimization (40–60 % RH). Its exceptional attributes of water‐uptake working capacity/efficiency, contaminants removal, recyclability and regeneration promise a great potential in confined indoor environment application.
Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via the Construction of Robust Multivariate Ti‐MOF/COF Composites
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Xia , Xiong Yang‐Yang , Zhong Xin , Lan Pui Ching , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Pan Hongjun , Su Pei‐Yang , Song Yujie , Chen Yi‐Fan , Nafady Ayman , Sirajuddin  , Ma Shengqian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTitanium metal–organic frameworks (Ti‐MOFs), as an appealing type of artificial photocatalyst, have shown great potential in the field of solar energy conversion due to their well‐studied photoredox activity (similar to TiO2) and good optical responsiveness of linkers, which serve as the antenna to absorb visible‐light. Although much effort has been dedicated to developing Ti‐MOFs with high photocatalytic activity, their solar energy conversion performances are still poor. Herein, we have implemented a covalent‐integration strategy to construct a series of multivariate Ti‐MOF/COF hybrid materials PdTCPP⊂PCN‐415(NH2)/TpPa (composites 1, 2, and 3), featuring excellent visible‐light utilization, a suitable band gap, and high surface area for photocatalytic H2 production. Notably, the resulting composites demonstrated remarkably enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution performance, especially for the composite 2 with a maximum H2 evolution rate of 13.98 mmol g−1 h−1 (turnover frequency (TOF)=227 h−1), which is much higher than that of PdTCPP⊂PCN‐415(NH2) (0.21 mmol g−1 h−1) and TpPa (6.51 mmol g−1 h−1). Our work thereby suggests a new approach to highly efficient photocatalysts for H2 evolution and beyond.
Highly Elastic Interconnected Porous Hydrogels through Self‐Assembled Templating for Solar Water Purification
Authors: Guo Youhong , de Vasconcelos Luize Scalco , Manohar Neha , Geng Jiafeng , Johnston Keith P. , Yu Guihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterfacial evaporation using porous hydrogels has demonstrated highly effective solar evaporation performance under natural sunlight to ensure an affordable clean water supply. However, it remains challenging to realize scalable and ready‐to‐use hydrogel materials with durable mechanical properties. Here, self‐assembled templating (SAT) is developed as a simple yet effective method to fabricate large‐scale elastic hydrogel evaporators with excellent desalination performance. The highly interconnected porous structure of the hydrogels with low tortuosity and tunable pore size enables high level of tunability on the water transport rate. With superior elasticity, the porous hydrogels are easy to process with a rapid shape recovery after being rolled, folded, and twisted over hundred times, and exhibit highly effective and stable evaporation with an evaporation rate of ≈2.8 kg m−2 h−1 and ≈90 % solar‐to‐vapor efficiency. It is anticipated that this SAT strategy, without the typical need for freeze‐drying, will accelerate the industrialization of hydrogel solar evaporators for practical applications.
Transient behavior of electrical conductivity in low‐density polyethylene in the presence of acetophenone
Authors: Hamedi Hossein , Walker Roger C. , Woodward W. H. Hunter , Rajagopalan Ramakrishnan , Furman Eugene , Lanagan Michael T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transient current in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is studied, particularly in the presence of the small organic molecule acetophenone (ACP). Crosslinked LDPE is used extensively in high‐voltage power transmission, and acetophenone is a common byproduct of the crosslinking chemistry. Time‐dependent current measurements of LDPE with and without ACP soaked into the polymer as well as at one or both electrodes are performed by applying step voltages. The results demonstrate that the presence of ACP causes a deviation in the predicted power‐law current decay, suggesting that electron and hole injection at the anode and cathode, respectively, are affected by the presence of this small organic molecule. ACP contributes both to the ionic conduction and charge hopping mechanism. The charge mobility depends on the applied electric field and the sample thickness. The results suggests that the dispersive charge transport phenomenon influences the measured current. This study shows how such a molecule may alter charge transport in polyethylene.
The genus Simplicillium and Emericellopsis: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology
Authors: Agrawal Shivankar , Saha Suman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe demand for novel and improved medicine from biological sources to cater to the biopharmaceutical sector has increased significantly in recent years. Among the vast and miscellaneous microbial diversity, fungi provide a prolific source of structurally unique and biologically active secondary metabolites. Natural products obtained from fungi have reformed the era of biomedicine, providing effective drugs that have diverse healing potential. In this review, we focus on the isolation, chemical structure, and bioactivity of biomolecules that have been identified and studied for the first time. Further, we also explain in substantial detail that how the vast uninvestigated Emericellopsis and Simplicillium species may serve as a potential treasure trove of chemically diverse compounds.
Selective Anodic Oxidation of Solketal as Acetal‐Protected Glycerol over Nickel Boride in Alkaline Media to Glyceric Acid**
Authors: Cychy Steffen , Lechler Sebastian , Muhler Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlkaline anodic oxidation of glycerol suffers from facile C−C bond cleavage, especially when using non‐precious metal electrocatalysts, which limits the yield of more valuable C3 oxygenates. Usually, a high C3 selectivity is a tradeoff with conversion for most catalysts. Thus, we used solketal as the reactant, which is acetal‐protected glycerol with acetone. CV experiments showed that solketal is oxidized over nickel boride (NixB) at potentials where NiOOH is formed. Electrolysis over NixB in a thin‐film spectroelectrochemical flow cell at 1.58 V vs. RHE to avoid pronounced oxygen evolution showed a stable current density of ca. 6 mA cm−2. Simultaneously recorded ATR‐FTIR spectra revealed solketal conversion to solketalate and formate. Indeed, 59 % conversion and 77 % selectivity to glyceric acid were determined by HPLC after acidic cleavage of the acetal, resulting in a yield of 45 %. Therefore, solketal is a promising reactant for the selective electrosynthesis of glyceric acid.
Watermelon Peel‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon as a Superior Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Li Lu , Wu Zhiheng , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yige , Shao Guosheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐free carbon materials derived from biomass wastes are considered as prospective electrocatalysts applied in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) field on account of their extremely low costs and good stabilities. Herein, we develop a watermelon peel‐derived nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous carbon (N‐WPAC) catalyst by using a simple chemical method without additional templates. The N‐WPAC catalyst exhibits an excellent ORR activity and more outstanding durability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The superior ORR performances of N‐WPAC are mainly ascribed to its hierarchically porous carbon structure with abundant defects, which is beneficial to expose sufficient active sites and accelerate the mass‐transfer process. Moreover, the Zn‐air battery based on N‐WPAC displays eminent discharge performances, which are close to those of the Zn‐air battery based on Pt/C. This work broadens our horizon to design efficient ORR catalysts derived from biomass wastes by a facile and scalable approach.
Efficacy of emotion‐focused therapy in the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Osoro Andrea , Villalobos Dolores , Tamayo José Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe high incidence of eating disorders (EDs) means that its treatment is approached from various perspectives, among which we find emotion‐focused therapy (EFT). Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review was to know the effectiveness of EFT for eating disorders.MethodA systematic review of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection was carried out without a time limit and in a population with an eating disorder diagnosis.ResultsEight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria: (1) six studies treated the population with binge eating disorder (BED) five were group treatments, and four included the combined modality; (2) one with BED, bulimia nervosa (BN) and Eating Disorder No Otherwise Specified (EDNOS); and (3) one for a single case of anorexia nervosa (AN). The duration of treatments ranged from 12 weeks to 18 months, and all studies used the original EFT protocol. Specific variables of each type of eating disorder were studied, as well as comorbid symptoms.ConclusionsIt seems that the results coincide in the existence of post‐treatment improvements both in eating psychopathology and in affective symptoms, although with variable data during follow‐up. More research is needed to affirm the efficacy of EFT as an empirically validated treatment for EDs.
Highly Selective Hydrogenative Conversion of Nitriles into Tertiary, Secondary, and Primary Amines under Flow Reaction Conditions
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Park Kwihwan , Furugen Chikara , Jiang Jing , Shimizu Eisho , Ito Naoya , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlow reaction methods have been developed to selectively synthesize tertiary, secondary, and primary amines depending on heterogeneous platinum‐group metal species under catalytic hydrogenation conditions using nitriles as starting materials. A 10 % Pd/C‐packed catalyst cartridge affords symmetrically substituted tertiary amines in good to excellent yields. A 10 % Rh/C‐packed catalyst cartridge enables the divergent synthesis of secondary and primary amines, with either cyclohexane or acetic acid as a solvent, respectively. Reaction parameters, such as the metal catalyst, solvent, and reaction temperature, and continuous‐flow conditions, such as flow direction and second support of the catalyst in a catalyst cartridge, are quite important for controlling the reaction between the hydrogenation of nitriles and nucleophilic attack of in situ‐generated amines to imine intermediates. A wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles could be highly selectively transformed into the corresponding tertiary, secondary, and primary amines by simply changing the metal species of the catalyst or flow parameters. Furthermore, the selective continuous‐flow methodologies are applied over at least 72 h to afford three different types of amines in 80–99 % yield without decrease in catalytic activities.
Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae): An overlooked reservoir of tick‐borne pathogens in the Midwest, USA?
Authors: Larson Ryan T. , Bron Gebbiena M. , Lee Xia , Zembsch Tela E. , Siy Patricia N. , Paskewitz Susan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMice belonging to the genus Peromyscus are one of the most important reservoirs of tick‐borne pathogens in the United States. However, the composition and abundance of Peromyscus species may vary geographically. The woodland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis, is often abundant in the northern counties of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. In these states, multiple pathogens transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, are endemic. In comparison to the well‐studied white‐footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, little is known about the importance of P. maniculatus in maintaining natural cycles of tick‐borne pathogens. We conducted small mammal trapping in north‐central Wisconsin and compared the modified reservoir potential of P. maniculatus to P. leucopus. Based on mixed‐model regression analysis, individual P. maniculatus were 2.07 (1.07–4.01) times more likely to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi compared with P. leucopus. We report the first detection of three emerging tick‐borne pathogens (Babesia microti, Borrelia mayonii, and Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis) in P. maniculatus. Additionally, P. maniculatus infected with Ba. microti were 4.8 (2.74–8.50) times more likely to be concurrently infected with Bo. burgdorferi compared with P. leucopus. While we found individual P. leucopus to be more infested with both larval and nymphal I. scapularis, P. maniculatus was the more abundant species. As a result, P. maniculatus had a higher modified reservoir potential in our study area and was likely responsible for feeding and infecting more ticks with pathogens than P. leucopus. Overall, our results illustrate that P. maniculatus is an important reservoir in areas of the Midwest, where it occurs in high abundance.
Effect of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors on left atrial remodeling and prognosis in heart failure
Authors: Sun Yuxi , Song Shuang , Zhang Yanli , Mo Wenqiong , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Ning , Xia Yunlong , Tse Gary , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThe angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sacubitril/valsartan, confers additional protective effects compared with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) in terms of reversed left ventricular (LV) remodelling and improves the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). However, few studies have examined the effects of ARNI on the left atrium. Accordingly, this study compared the effects of ARNI and ACEI/ARB on left atrial (LA) remodelling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsThis was a single‐centre retrospective study of patients with HFrEF hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between 26 February 2016 and 8 July 2020. Patients were classified into ARNI and ACEI/ARB groups and further subgroups based on the left atrial volume index (LAVI): mildly abnormal (29 mL/m2 ≤ LAVI < 34 mL/m2), moderately abnormal (34 mL/m2 ≤ LAVI < 40 mL/m2), and severely abnormal (LAVI ≥ 40 mL/m2). The primary endpoint was changes in LA parameters by echocardiography. The secondary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. A total of 336 patients (mean age: 64.11 ± 12.86, 30.06% female) were included. Except those lost to follow‐up, 274 HFrEF patients remained, with 144 cases in the ARNI group and 130 cases in the ACEI/ARB group. Greater reductions from baseline were seen with ARNI in LA diameter (LAD) (P = 0.013, t‐test), superior and LA superior–inferior diameter (LASID) (P < 0.0001), LA transverse diameter (LATD) (P < 0.0001), LA volume (LAV) (P < 0.0001), LAVI (P < 0.0001), and LA sphericity index (LASI) (P < 0.0001). Over a mean follow‐up of 19.40 months, 97 patients (67.3%) in the ARNI group and 29 patients (22.3%) in the ACEI/ARB group showed LA reverse remodelling (LARR). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly lower overall mortality in the ARNI group compared with the ACEI/ARB group (P = 0.048, log‐rank test). The mildly abnormal LAVI group of ARNI patients showed a reduction in mortality compared with ACEI/ARB patients (P = 0.044). However, no significant difference was observed for the moderately abnormal (P = 0.571) or severely abnormal LAVI groups (P = 0.609), suggesting that early initiation of ARNI was associated with a better prognosis.ConclusionsIn this proof‐of‐concept study, ARNI use showed greater effects on LARR and was associated with a better prognosis compared with ACEI/ARB use in HFrEF. Early initiation of ARNI in the HF disease process may produce greater benefit, but this needs to be confirmed in future studies.