bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Studies of Bifunctionalization of Simple Indoles
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Xu Shaohong , Wang Kai‐Kai , Kong Niuniu , Liu Xue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndole structures are extremely important and widely employed in organic synthesis. This review will focus on direct bifunctionalizations of simple indoles in tandem reactions. Recent studies have been divided into four types by trigger mechanisms: (1) nucleophilic C3; (2) nucleophilic NH for cyclization; (3) reduction; (4) oxidation. Reactions with carbocations, pyridines, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, imines, halogenated compounds et al were discussed. We hope this review will promote future research in the use of indoles.
Fabrication of a Kagomé‐type MOF Membrane by Seeded Growth on Amino‐functionalized Porous Al2O3 Substrate
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Kusaka Shinpei , Hori Akihiro , Matsuda Ryotaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report an efficient fabrication method for the membrane of a metal‐organic framework (MOF) (Kgm−OEt) which is one kind of kagomé‐type MOF with a two‐dimensional (2D) sheet structure having one‐dimensional (1D) channels suitable for separation of H2 from other larger gases. The Kgm−OEt seed layer was created on an Al2O3 substrate using layer‐by‐layer (LBL) growth, then a membrane was fabricated by secondary growth. The membrane on a 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEs)‐treated substrate obtained in this method was continuous and defect‐free with the crystal orientation suitable for gas transportation, while the membrane grown on an unmodified substrate was loosely packed with unfavorable crystal orientation.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis without glomerular crescent formation as an underestimated subgroup of renal involvement among microscopic polyangiitis patients: A case report
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Kim Hae‐Rim , Lee Sang‐Heon , Min Hong Ki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough extra‐glomerular involvement of microscopic polyangiitis is not regarded as a characteristic finding of the disease, tubulointerstitial nephritis should be considered as a new subclass of renal involvement.
Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Haruna Aderemi B. , Gaolatlhe Lesego , Lebechi Augustus K. , Meng Jiashen , Pang Quanquan , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (RZABs) are one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies for stationary applications (home and industry), wearable and portable electronics, and transportation (including electric vehicles) due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness, safety, and low cost. However, RZABs still face serious challenges (such as sluggish oxygen reactions, poor durability, inferior reversibility of the zinc anode, and low cell energy efficiency) that conspire against their widespread commercialization. The reactions that occur at the three key components of the RZAB (air cathode, zinc anode, and electrolyte) co‐operatively conspire against its performance. Thus, this review focuses on the bifunctional electrocatalytic events at the cathode (i. e., oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER)). That is in addition to the recent developments aimed at mitigating the performance‐limiting events at the anode and the electrolytes. This review directs the attention of researchers and users to the critical areas for the development of the next‐generation RZABs.
Detection and 2D Imaging of Dopamine Distribution Using a Closed Bipolar Electrode System by Applying a Cathodic Luminophore
Authors: Iwama Tomoki , Komatsu Mayo , Inoue Kumi Y. , Shiku Hitoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 2D imaging system using closed bipolar electrodes (cBPEs) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is expected to realize high spatio‐temporal resolution imaging. However, imaging of the distributions of molecules that cause an oxidation reaction on the electrode surface was not achieved by the cBPE/ECL system because the conventionally used luminophore can generate ECL only by an oxidation reaction. In this paper, we propose to implement a cathodic luminophore, [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) producing ECL by reduction reaction into the cBPE/ECL system to enable detection and 2D imaging of dopamine, which is an oxidizable redox species and an important neurotransmitter. The applicability of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2/GSSG for dopamine detection using a single cBPE was shown and its electrochemical properties were discussed. In addition, the demonstration of the 2D imaging of dopamine was performed using a cBPE array. These results show the potential to greatly expand the applicability of detection and imaging systems using cBPE/ECL.
Impact of molecular testing in advanced melanoma on outcomes in a tertiary cancer center and as reported in a publicly available database
Authors: Dimitrova Maya , Kim Min Jae , Osman Iman , Jour George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with advanced melanoma (MM), genomic profiling may guide treatment decisions in the frontline setting and beyond as specific tumor mutations can be treated with targeted therapy (TT). The range of panel sizes used to identify targetable mutations (TM) can range from a few dozen to whole exome sequencing (WES).AimWe investigated the impact of panel size and mutation status on first‐line treatment selection and outcomes in MM.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed data for 1109 MM patients from three cohorts: 169 patients at NYULH and profiled with the 50 gene Ion Torrent panel (IT), 195 patients at MSKCC, profiled with the 400‐gene MSK‐IMPACT panel (MSK‐I) and 745 patients at seven different sites profiled with WES. Data for cohorts 2 and 3 were extrapolated from the publicly available cBioPortal.Treatment information was available for 100%, 25%, and 0% of patients in cohort 1, 2, and 3, respectively. BRAF and NRAS were among the top five most commonly mutated genes in the IT and MSK‐I, whereas for WES only BRAF was a top five mutation. There was no significant difference in OS for BRAF MUT patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) vs TT in cohort 1 (P = .19), nor for BRAF MUT patients from cohort 1 treated with ICI vs those from cohort 2 treated with TT (P = .762).ConclusionPublic datasets provide population‐level data; however, the heterogeneity of reported clinical information limits their value and calls for data standardization. Without evidence of clear clinical benefit of a larger panel size, there is a rationale for adopting smaller, more cost effective panels in MM.
The relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and health anxiety among families with COVID‐19 infected: The mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Spada Marcantonio M. , Nikčević Ana V. , Zamani Elahe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in the relationship between fear of COVID‐19 (FC‐19) and health anxiety, among families with COVID‐19 infected. Participants were 541 individuals from family members of patients with COVID‐19 (F = 52.3%, mean age = 41.3 ± 13.2 years). Data were collected with a packet including sociodemographic and risk factors, the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale‐12 and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed a full mediation of metacognitions (i.e., positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression in the relation between FC‐19 and health anxiety. Moreover, the strongest indirect links were found between FC‐19 and health anxiety through negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger and intolerance of uncertainty. These associations were independent of gender and risk status. The final model accounted for 71% of the variance of health anxiety. These findings suggest that particularly metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression play a full mediational role in the relation between FC‐19 and health anxiety.
Translocation of chromatin proteins to nucleoli—The influence of protein dynamics on post‐fixation localization
Authors: Zarębski Mirosław , Bosire Rosevalentine , Wesołowska Julita , Szelest Oskar , Eatmann Ahmed , Jasińska‐Konior Katarzyna , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Szabo Gabor , Dobrucki Jurek W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is expected that the subnuclear localization of a protein in a fixed cell, detected by microscopy, reflects its position in the living cell. We demonstrate, however, that some dynamic nuclear proteins can change their localization upon fixation by either crosslinking or non‐crosslinking methods. We examined the subnuclear localization of the chromatin architectural protein HMGB1, linker histone H1, and core histone H2B in cells fixed by formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, ethanol, or zinc salts. We demonstrate that some dynamic, weakly binding nuclear proteins, like HMGB1 and H1, may not only be unexpectedly lost from their original binding sites during the fixation process, but they can also diffuse through the nucleus and eventually bind in nucleoli. Such translocation to nucleoli does not occur in the case of core histone H2B, which is more stably bound to DNA and other histones. We suggest that the diminished binding of some dynamic proteins to DNA during fixation, and their subsequent translocation to nucleoli, is induced by changes of DNA structure, arising from interaction with a fixative. Detachment of dynamic proteins from chromatin can also be induced in cells already fixed by non‐crosslinking methods when DNA structure is distorted by intercalating molecules. The proteins translocated during fixation from chromatin to nucleoli bind there to RNA‐containing structures.
Reversing tree expansion in sagebrush steppe yields population‐level benefit for imperiled grouse
Authors: Olsen Andrew C. , Severson John P. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Naugle David E. , Smith Joseph T. , Tack Jason D. , Yates Kate H. , Hagen Christian A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWoody plant expansion into shrub and grasslands is a global and vexing ecological problem. In the Great Basin of North America, the expansion of pinyon–juniper (Pinus spp.–Juniperus spp.) woodlands is threatening the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) biome. The Greater Sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse), a sagebrush obligate species, is widespread in the Great Basin and considered an indicator for the condition of sagebrush ecosystems. To assess the population response of sage‐grouse to landscape‐scale juniper removal, we analyzed a long‐term telemetry data set and lek counts with a Bayesian integrated population model in a before‐after‐control‐impact design. Population growth rates (λ) in a treatment area (Treatment) with juniper removal and a control area (Control) without juniper removal indicated the two areas generally experienced population increase, decrease, and stability in the same years. However, the difference in λ between study areas indicated a steady increase in the Treatment relative to the Control starting in 2013 (removals initiated in 2012), with differences of 0.13 and 0.11 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Retrospective sensitivity analysis suggested the dynamics in λ were driven by increases in juvenile, adult, first nest, and yearling survival in the Treatment relative to the Control. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted conifer removal as a management strategy for conserving sage‐grouse populations in sagebrush steppe affected by conifer expansion. Examples of positive, population‐level responses to habitat management are exceptionally rare for terrestrial vertebrates, and this study provides promising evidence of active management that can be implemented to aid recovery of an imperiled species and biome.
Hydropeaking intensity and dam proximity limit aquatic invertebrate diversity in the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Abernethy Erin F. , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Van Driesche Richard , Lytle David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRiver biodiversity is threatened globally by hydropower dams, and there is a need to understand how dam management favors certain species while filtering out others. We examined aquatic invertebrate communities within the tailwaters 0–24 km downstream of seven large hydropower dams in the Colorado River Basin of the western United States. We quantified aquatic invertebrate dominance, richness, abundance, and biomass at multiple locations within individual tailwaters and across the basin and identified biological community responses associated with dam operations and distance from dam. We found that each tailwater was dominated by 3–7 invertebrate taxa, accounting for 95% of total abundance. Half of these dominant taxa were non‐insect, non‐flying species and thus were unavailable to terrestrial consumers. Consistent with previous studies, aquatic insects and sensitive taxa were negatively associated with hydropeaking intensity (magnitude of daily flow fluctuations associated with hydropower generation), which limits the composition and potentially the quality of the invertebrate food base. While total invertebrate abundance and biomass did not change with increasing distance downstream from dams, insect and sensitive taxa richness, abundance, and biomass all increased, suggesting that impacts of hydropeaking are most acute immediately downstream of dams. Our results demonstrate that tailwaters experiencing hydropeaking support high abundances of aquatic invertebrate, but the diversity of these communities is low.
Cladodes: Chemical and structural properties, biological activity, and polyphenols profile
Authors: Perucini‐Avendaño Madeleine , Nicolás‐García Mayra , Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian , Perea‐Flores María de Jesús , Gómez‐Patiño Mayra Beatriz , Arrieta‐Báez Daniel , Dávila‐Ortiz Gloria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nopal cactus is an essential part of the Mexican diet and culture. The per capita consumption of young cladodes averages annually to 6.4 kg across the nation. In addition to contributing to the country's food culture, the nopal is considered a food with functional characteristics since, in addition to providing fiber, an important group of polyphenolic compounds is present, which has given cladodes to be considered a healthy food, for what they have been incorporated into the diet of Mexican people and many other countries worldwide. Research suggests that polyphenols from cladodes act as antioxidants and antidiabetics. This review studies the main phenolic components in cladodes and summarizes both conventional and novel methods to identify them.
The role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behavior
Authors: Messmann Gerhard , Evers Arnoud , Kreijns Karel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this contribution was to investigate predictors of innovative work behavior (IWB) in nonprofit organizations. For instance, in schools, innovative solutions are crucial as the quality of education and therefore the schools' competitiveness depends on their ability to keep pace with technological, economic, and societal transformations. We addressed this issue in a quantitative study with 130 teachers in Dutch secondary schools employing a time‐lag design. In accordance with self‐determination theory, we investigated the role of transformational leadership for enhancing IWB and the role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in mediating this relationship. By employing structural equation modeling, we found that transformational leadership was positively related to the satisfaction of the teachers' needs for autonomy and competence. Furthermore, the satisfaction of the need for competence positively predicted teachers' IWB. In addition, perceived competence fully mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and teachers' IWB. Accordingly, persons with leadership responsibilities should adopt a transformational leadership style and motivate their employees by providing individual attention, intellectual stimulation, and encouragement for goal striving. Specifically, leaders may provide feedback on employees' innovative ideas and their strategies for realizing innovative solutions, thus helping them to become increasingly confident about what they can achieve and improve concerning their contributions to innovation development. For human resource development (HRD) professionals, our findings imply that efforts toward leadership training and development (e.g., training, coaching, and mentoring) should incorporate knowledge and practical experiences about transformational leadership as well as its role for employees' IWB and their contributions to organizational and professional development.
Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles enhance the antibacterial activities of macrophages by activating the reactive oxygen species
Authors: Zhu Yong , Tang Yifu , Ruan Zhe , Dai Yilong , Li Zhaohui , Lin Zhangyuan , Zhao Shushan , Cheng Liang , Sun Buhua , Zeng Ming , Zhu Jianxi , Zhao Ruibo , Lu Bangbao , Long Haitao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfection often causes disastrous consequences in all fields of clinical medicine, especially orthopedics. Hence, critical efforts are being made to engineer novel nanomaterials for the treatment of orthopedic infections due to the high biocompatibility and antibacterial properties they possess. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro and determine their possible mechanisms of action. In this study, Escherichia coli was selected as the pathogenic bacteria and it was found that Mg(OH)2 NPs significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli by promoting nucleic acid leakage, inhibiting protein synthesis, and suppressing the metabolic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration for these bacteria was determined to be 4.4 μg/ml. In vitro flow cytometry and immunofluorescence tests indicated that Mg(OH)2 NPs induced the macrophages to generate reactive oxygen species to kill the bacteria. To understand the mechanisms involved in this process, western blotting was performed and it was found that Mg(OH)2 NPs activated the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/serine–threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway of macrophages to enhance their phagocytosis with no obvious cytotoxicity. Thus, Mg(OH)2 NPs are a suitable choice to develop promising agents or coating materials for the treatment of clinically widespread infections in view of their safety, biocompatibility, and powerful antibacterial properties.
Preparation of a water soluble aminated β‐1,3‐D‐glucan for gene carrier: The in vitro study of the anti‐inflammatory activity and transfection efficiency
Authors: Jin Jing Wei , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu , Wong Wing‐Leung 
Published: June 2021

Abstractβ‐1,3‐D‐glucan has been reported to have a series of bioactivities including antitumor, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects; however, its insolubility in neutral aqueous solution significantly restricts the potential application in biological and medicine fields. Herein, a water‐soluble aminated β‐1,3‐D‐glucan (AG) was synthesized and the anti‐inflammatory effect, cytotoxicity and plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding capacity of AG, serum stability, the particle sizes and zeta potentials of AG/pDNA nanocomposites, and the transfection efficiency and mechanism of action were studied. AG shows no obvious cytotoxicity within the range of working concentration (1–64 μg/ml) and it exerts potent anti‐inflammatory effect independent on Dectin‐1 and TLR2. AG/pDNA nanocomposites prepared by electrostatic interaction possess an appropriate particle size ranged from 192.8 to 118.4 nm and zeta potentials ranged from 20.880 to 27.16 mV with the N/P ratios from 5 to 100. AG/pDNA nanocomposites at the N/P ratios of 10 and 20 were able to show superior transfection efficiencies in RAW 264.7 cells as a result of their suitable particle size, zeta potential, anti‐inflammatory effect, and the specific interaction with pattern recognition receptors (Dectin‐1 and TLR2). These results indicate that AG is a potential candidate for DNA delivery system due to its potent anti‐inflammatory effect and high transfection efficiency.
The challenges of pregnancy management in pyridoxine nonresponsive homocystinuria: The Irish experience
Authors: Hart Caroline , McNulty Jenny , Cotter Melanie , Al Jasmi Fatima , Crushell Ellen , Monavari Ahmad Ardeshir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany patients with inborn errors of metabolism, due to early diagnosis and improved management, are living longer with less disease burden. Several are now having families of their own. This poses challenges both for the metabolic control of the mother and potential secondary effects on the fetus, as well as the risk of inheriting the inborn error. Classical homocystinuria (HCU, OMIM 236200) is a rare multisystem condition with intellectual, skeletal, ocular, and thromboembolic complications. Ireland has included HCU in the National Newborn Bloodspot Screening Program since 1971. The European network and registry for homocystinurias and methylation defects (E‐HOD) guidelines outline the requirements for management and monitoring of this condition and associated complications. Pregnancy alone has many potential complications. When combined with an underlying condition such as HCU, which is prothrombotic and requires a highly medicalized diet, there are significantly increased risks to both mother and baby. Colleagues previously published an Irish case of maternal HCU with successful pregnancy outcome. We add five pregnancies to two women with classical HCU to the literature. We use these to highlight the importance of careful metabolic control and managing the predictable HCU associated risks during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Our cases demonstrate the potential for healthy pregnancies in HCU and that this is best achieved with a motivated clinical team and good patient engagement. Only small numbers of pregnancies in HCU have been reported and we are still learning best practice, but proactive management is essential, as in any inborn error of metabolism.
The prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in the Lithuanian midwifery workforce and correlation with sociodemographic factors
Authors: Vaičienė Vita , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Macijauskiene Jurate , Sidebotham Mary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress of Lithuanian midwives.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsThe Work Health and Emotional Wellbeing of Midwives (WHELM) survey instrument developed within the Australian maternity context was adapted and used in this research. The survey collects country‐specific demographic data and incorporates several validated measures including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21).ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐eight completed surveys were received. Results obtained using a CBI subscale showed that 84.9% experienced personal burnout, 70.1% reported work‐related burnout and 41.1% had client‐related burnout. The results indicate that the midwives reported moderate to extreme levels of depression (16.3%), anxiety (28.4%) and stress (13.9%) symptoms.