bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydro-generators fault diagnosis with short-time-wavelet-entropy and variational auto-encoder
Authors: Zemouri Ryad , Bernier Simon , Kokoko Olivier , Merkhouf Arezki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prognosis and health management (PHM) of hydroelectric plants are full of difficulties caused by the complexity of the hydro-generators where each machine is different and almost unique. At industrial level, several tools are used to monitor the generator condition. Among these tools, the measurement of magnetic stray flux is one which is gaining interest. This measurement is generally based on an inductive sensor and mainly mounted near the stator. The main advantages of the magnetic stray flux are the non-invasive nature and the simplicity of its implementation. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the stray flux signal. Short-Time-Wavelet-Entropy (STWE) is then applied to extract the features from the sub-bands. Finally, a variational auto-encoder (VAE) is used in an unsupervised learning process to structure the STWE signatures of more than 400 stray flux measurement collected on real hydroelectric plants. The obtained results show that the VAE has well captured the features from the wavelet entropy (WE) signatures. An analysis of the resulting latent space shows a strong correlation between a given trajectory in the reduced space and an increase of the WE.
A hybrid approach for modelling multidimensional degradation processes
Authors: Jiang Renyan , Xiong Binbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Degradation processes are often multidimensional. Modeling such degradation processes needs to address two key issues: indicator fusion and degradation model selection; and they have been separately addressed in the literature. This paper proposes a hybrid approach to jointly address these two issues. The proposed approach first fuses multiple degradation indicators into a composite degradation indicator. This fusion step involves data normalization, aggregation model selection and determination of indicator weights. After the fusion step, the problem becomes one-dimensional, and the existing method to select the degradation model for a one-dimensional degradation process can be applied. The resulting model obtained from the proposed approach can be a two-phase model; and the model for the second phase has a closed-form expression. This considerably facilitates residual life prediction. A real-world example is included to illustrate the proposed approach and its appropriateness.
Classification of helicopter’s typical flight state based on threshold
Authors: Sheng-nan Li , Jing-lin Wang , Le Yang , ZhangShang-tian  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dividing the 37 flying state of a certain line number helicopter. Firstly, dividing the helicopter rotation and single-engine flight. Secondly, performing preliminary state division for the remaining samlpes, the specific division of yaw angle, helicopter flight altitude and indicated air speed are different states, the least squares polynomial method is used for smoothing respectively. Calculating the extreme value of each parameter data, with the difference value of the extreme value of the parameter data being less than 10 as the limiting condition, dividing the original data segment into non-turning, level flight and steady speed state. The remaining sampling points are in the state of unsteady turning and non-level flight. Taking the difference value 0 as the limiting condition, further divide the non-steady speed and non-level flight state. Dividing the state of turning and non-turning, level flight, ascent and descent, steady speed, increase speed and deceleration state, which is the preliminary division state. Finally, dividing the near-ground and non-near-ground, classifying the helicopter status according to the height threshold, and analyze the accuracy of the classification results. The results show that this method is versatile, can quickly divide helicopters with different flight complexity, and has high accuracy.
Instrumental variable estimation of the marginal structural Cox model for time-varying treatments
Authors: Cui Y , Michael H , Tanser F , Tchetgen Tchetgen E 
Published: December 2021

SummaryRobins (1998) introduced marginal structural models, a general class of counterfactual models for the joint effects of time-varying treatments in complex longitudinal studies subject to time-varying confounding. Robins (1998) established the identification of marginal structural model parameters under a sequential randomization assumption, which rules out unmeasured confounding of treatment assignment over time. The marginal structural Cox model is one of the most popular marginal structural models for evaluating the causal effect of time-varying treatments on a censored failure time outcome. In this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for identification of marginal structural Cox model parameters with the aid of a time-varying instrumental variable, in the case where sequential randomization fails to hold due to unmeasured confounding. Our instrumental variable identification condition rules out any interaction between an unmeasured confounder and the instrumental variable in its additive effects on the treatment process, the longitudinal generalization of the identifying condition of Wang & Tchetgen Tchetgen (2018). We describe a large class of weighted estimating equations that give rise to consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of the marginal structural Cox model, thereby extending the standard inverse probability of treatment weighted estimation of marginal structural models to the instrumental variable setting. Our approach is illustrated via extensive simulation studies and an application to estimating the effect of community antiretroviral therapy coverage on HIV incidence.
Repeatome-Based Phylogenetics in Pelargonium Section Ciconium (Sweet) Harvey
Authors: Breman Floris C , Chen Guangnan , Snijder Ronald C , Schranz M Eric , Bakker Freek T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The repetitive part of the genome (the repeatome) contains a wealth of often overlooked information that can be used to resolve phylogenetic relationships and test evolutionary hypotheses for clades of related plant species such as Pelargonium. We have generated genome skimming data for 18 accessions of Pelargonium section Ciconium and one outgroup. We analyzed repeat abundancy and repeat similarity in order to construct repeat profiles and then used these for phylogenetic analyses. We found that phylogenetic trees based on read similarity were largely congruent with previous work based on morphological and chloroplast sequence data. For example, results agreed in identifying a “Core Ciconium” group which evolved after the split with P. elongatum. We found that this group was characterized by a unique set of repeats, which confirmed currently accepted phylogenetic hypotheses. We also found four species groups within P. sect. Ciconium that reinforce previous plastome-based reconstructions. A second repeat expansion was identified in a subclade which contained species that are considered to have dispersed from Southern Africa into Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We speculate that the Core Ciconium repeat set correlates with a possible WGD event leading to this branch.
Complex modulation of cytokine-induced α-synuclein aggregation by glypican-1-derived heparan sulfate in neural cells
Authors: Cheng Fang , Fransson Lars-Åke , Mani Katrin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is accumulation of α-synuclein (SYN) aggregates in neurons, which is promoted by neuroinflammation. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 induce accumulation of degradation products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) combined with heparan sulfate (HS) chains released from glypican-1 (Gpc-1) by NO-dependent cleavage. We have investigated the effects of the cytokines and HS on SYN aggregation and secretion in dividing human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and inducible neural progenitor cells (NPC) by using immunofluorescence microscopy, vesicle isolation and slot blotting with antibodies recognizing SYN monomers and aggregates, Gpc-1, the released HS, endosomes, and autophagosomes. In SH-SY5Y cells, the capacity to release HS was fully utilized, while NPC displayed dormant capacity. TNF-α induced increased formation of SYN aggregates and clustering of HS in SH-SY5Y cells. When the supply of NO was simultaneously increased, SYN and HS accumulation disappeared. When NO formation was inhibited, SYN and HS aggregation also disappeared, but there was now a 4-fold increase in SYN secretion. In NPC, IL-6 induced increased aggregation of SYN and stimulated HS release from Gpc-1. Both SYN and HS co-localized with autophagosome marker. When HS-deficient Gpc-1 was simultaneously generated, by using a cyanobacterial neurotoxin, accumulation diminished and there was massive secretion of SYN. We suggest that the cytokines increase APP processing, which initiates NO-dependent release of HS from Gpc-1. The APP degradation products also trigger SYN aggregation. As HS can inhibit APP processing, HS- or NO-deficiency may result in autophagosomal dysfunction and both APP degradation products and SYN are secreted.
Nationalism versus “identity pluralism”? Preserving and valorizing archeological heritage
Authors: Bernard Elisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses how archeological objects’ “pluralistic identity”—defined as the archeological relic’s life in the ancient world and its afterlife, including its reuse and potential return to its original national context—complicates the protection of archeological heritage on the Italian territory in the shadow of the cultural property nationalism/internationalism dialectic. It begins by reconstructing and discussing the debate underscoring the first retentionist cultural property law in post-Unity Italy. The article then analyzes a series of case studies testifying to the (in)efficacy of such a law—for instance, vis-à-vis political interests—the impact of bilateral agreements for the repatriation of looted archeological property from “universal museums” to Italy as the Nation of origin, and the dilemma over the state’s functions of preservation and fruition. The paper asks whether archeological relics which are understood as state property are indeed the “national(ist)” heritage of one national past and whether and how the national identity that they are thought to epitomize can coexist with an inclusive valorization of their “pluralistic identity” in our contemporary society.
Fifty years of Protein Data Bank in the Journal of Biochemistry
Authors: Kurisu Genji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Protein Data Bank (PDB), jointly founded in 1971 by Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, and the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, UK, is the single global archive of experimentally determined biological macromolecular structures. PDB deposition is mandatory for publication in most scientific journals, which means ‘no PDB deposition, no structural publication’. The current PDB archive contains more than 180,000 entries and includes many structures from Asian institutions. The first protein structure from Japan was that of cytochrome c determined by Prof Masao Kakudo’s group at the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, in 1971 at a resolution of 4 Å, and a subsequent atomic structure at 2.3 Å resolution was deposited to PDB in 1976 as the 1st Asian and 21st entry of the entire PDB archive. Since then, 317 protein structures whose primary citation was the Journal of Biochemistry (J. Biochem.) have been deposited to PDB. Based on this long history between PDB and J. Biochem., a statistical analysis of all structural reports in J. Biochem. has been carried out using the relational database system at PDBj (https://pdbj.org) and reviewed the yearly distribution, resolution, quality of structure, type of target protein, number of citations and comparison against other major journals.
Doing Good and Feeling Good: A Critical Analysis of Human Rights Research
Authors: Klassen-Molyneaux Riley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The question guiding this article is: ‘when is nongovernmental organization (NGO) research useful?’. The first section after the introduction addresses this question directly. It does so by drawing on the author’s personal experience and by considering what scholars say about research done by NGOs on human rights. It then considers Bent Flyvbjerg’s grounded conception of the social sciences as well as what good a checklist could do to curb human rights violations in the maritime sector. The second section of the paper asks a more difficult question: when is NGO research not useful? Drawing on Thomas Sowell’s critique of intellectuals in Intellectuals and Society, this section aims to show that, although people tend to think that working at an NGO is an unassailable good, hidden motivations can—and maybe should—sometimes cast doubt on this assumption. The third section of the paper synthesizes the first two and draws some additional conclusions about other—perhaps better—ways to improve the human condition. The section then concludes that while NGO research might be useful for some specific purposes, well-meaning scholars should not assume that their research into human rights is always useful.
Digital Transnational Repression and Host States’ Obligation to Protect Against Human Rights Abuses
Authors: Anstis Siena , Barnett Sophie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn October 2018, public research by the Citizen Lab, a research laboratory at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto, documented how a Saudi dissident living in Montreal, Canada, was likely targeted with spyware operated by the Saudi authorities. The target, Omar Abdulaziz, was a close friend of murdered journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Both individuals were the object of the increasingly ‘long-arm’ of repressive regimes. These were not isolated incidents, but part of a broader pattern of state repression. This article considers the digital dynamics of the phenomenon of transnational repression in more detail. Specifically, it looks at how states that host targeted dissidents and activists (‘host states’) are responding (or not) to the use of digital technologies to silence transnational political and social debate and dissent. It argues that host states which are parties to international human rights instruments such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights must act in conformity with their positive obligations under international human rights law and suggests a baseline of ‘good practices’ that should be considered by host states in addressing digital transnational repression.
Music As Extended Agency: On Notation And Entextualization IN Improvised Music
Authors: Schuiling Floris 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This article presents results from fieldwork with two groups of improvisers using different forms of notation in their creative practice. Such practices raise fundamental questions about the relation of notation to performance. Drawing on theories of entextualization in linguistic anthropology, I argue that, contrary to many arguments for a performative understanding of music, performance is partly about creating something that has an identifiable existence, transcending space and time. The notations and compositional systems used by improvisers are a means of achieving this entextualization of their musical utterances. One of the main findings of my fieldwork was that improvisers frequently speak of acting ‘in service of the music’, a phrase commonly associated with composition-centred musical discourse. Drawing on the work of Karin Barber and Alfred Gell, I argue that this idea represents a process of entextualization that is not a negation of performers’ creative agency, but an extension of it.
What does lie at the Milky Way centre? Insights from the S2-star orbit precession
Authors: Argüelles C R , Mestre M F , Becerra-Vergara E A , Crespi V , Krut A , Rueda J A , Ruffini R 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
It has been recently demonstrated that both, a classical Schwarzschild black hole (BH), and a dense concentration of self-gravitating fermionic dark matter (DM) placed at the Galaxy centre, can explain the precise astrometric data (positions and radial velocities) of the S-stars orbiting Sgr A*. This result encompasses the 17 best resolved S-stars, and includes the test of general relativistic effects such as the gravitational redshift in the S2-star. In addition, the DM model features another remarkable result: The dense core of fermions is the central region of a continuous density distribution of DM whose diluted halo explains the Galactic rotation curve. In this Letter, we complement the above findings by analysing in both models the relativistic periapsis precession of the S2-star orbit. While the Schwarzschild BH scenario predicts a unique prograde precession for S2, in the DM scenario, it can be either retrograde or prograde, depending on the amount of DM mass enclosed within the S2 orbit, which, in turn, is a function of the DM fermion mass. We show that all the current and publicly available data of S2 cannot discriminate between the two models, but upcoming S2 astrometry close to next apocentre passage could potentially establish if Sgr A* is governed by a classical BH or by a quantum DM system.
Loss of Timeless Underlies an Evolutionary Transition within the Circadian Clock
Authors: Kotwica-Rolinska Joanna , Chodáková Lenka , Smýkal Vlastimil , Damulewicz Milena , Provazník Jan , Wu Bulah Chia-Hsiang , Hejníková Markéta , Chvalová Daniela , Doležel David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost organisms possess time-keeping devices called circadian clocks. At the molecular level, circadian clocks consist of transcription–translation feedback loops (TTFLs). Although some components of the negative TTFL are conserved across the animals, important differences exist between typical models, such as mouse and the fruit fly. In Drosophila, the key components are PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM-d) proteins, whereas the mammalian clock relies on PER and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY-m). Importantly, how the clock has maintained functionality during evolutionary transitions between different states remains elusive. Therefore, we systematically described the circadian clock gene setup in major bilaterian lineages and identified marked lineage-specific differences in their clock constitution. Then we performed a thorough functional analysis of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus, an insect species comprising features characteristic of both the Drosophila and the mammalian clocks. Unexpectedly, the knockout of timeless-d, a gene essential for the clock ticking in Drosophila, did not compromise rhythmicity in P. apterus, it only accelerated its pace. Furthermore, silencing timeless-m, the ancestral timeless type ubiquitously present across animals, resulted in a mild gradual loss of rhythmicity, supporting its possible participation in the linden bug clock, which is consistent with timeless-m role suggested by research on mammalian models. The dispensability of timeless-d in P. apterus allows drawing a scenario in which the clock has remained functional at each step of transition from an ancestral state to the TIM-d-independent PER + CRY-m system operating in extant vertebrates, including humans.
Locus-specific chromatin profiling of evolutionarily young transposable elements
Authors: Taylor Darren , Lowe Robert , Philippe Claude , Cheng Kevin C L , Grant Olivia A , Zabet Nicolae Radu , Cristofari Gael , Branco Miguel R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite a vast expansion in the availability of epigenomic data, our knowledge of the chromatin landscape at interspersed repeats remains highly limited by difficulties in mapping short-read sequencing data to these regions. In particular, little is known about the locus-specific regulation of evolutionarily young transposable elements (TEs), which have been implicated in genome stability, gene regulation and innate immunity in a variety of developmental and disease contexts. Here we propose an approach for generating locus-specific protein–DNA binding profiles at interspersed repeats, which leverages information on the spatial proximity between repetitive and non-repetitive genomic regions. We demonstrate that the combination of HiChIP and a newly developed mapping tool (PAtChER) yields accurate protein enrichment profiles at individual repetitive loci. Using this approach, we reveal previously unappreciated variation in the epigenetic profiles of young TE loci in mouse and human cells. Insights gained using our method will be invaluable for dissecting the molecular determinants of TE regulation and their impact on the genome.
Precise phase structure in a four-fermion interaction model on a torus
Authors: Inagaki Tomohiro , Matsuo Yamato , Shimoji Hiromu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate finite-size effects on chiral symmetry breaking in a four-fermion interaction model at finite temperature and chemical potential. Applying the imaginary-time formalism, the thermal quantum field theory is constructed on an S1 in the imaginary-time direction. In this paper, the finite-size effect is introduced by a compact S1 spatial direction with a U(1)-valued boundary condition. Thus, we study the model on an $\mathbb {R}^{D-2} \times S^{1} \times S^{1}$ torus. Phase diagrams are obtained by evaluating the local minima of the effective potential in the leading order of the 1/N expansion. From the grand potential, we calculate the particle number density and the pressure; then we illustrate the correspondence with the phase structure. We obtain a stable size for which the sign of the pressure flips from negative to positive as the size decreases. Furthermore, the finite chemical potential expands the parameter range over which the stable size exists.
Are Increasing Earnings Associations between Partners of Concern for Inequality? A Comparative Study of 21 Countries
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Bouchet-Valat Milan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPartners increasingly resemble each other in terms of earnings across Western countries. These increases in earnings similarity are often considered to be drivers behind growing income inequality between households. We argue that increases in earnings similarity do not necessarily lead to augmented inequality between households. Their overall effect depends on whether and how the processes that increase earnings similarity affect inequality through other pathways. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study on 21 countries, we decompose changes over time in earnings inequality. We show that even though the correlation in earnings between partners increased in most countries, this only amplified inequality on some occasions. In several countries, increases in the earnings correlation are driven by general changes in employment rates. Given that these increases in employment equalized earnings across households through other pathways, the inherently connected increases in the earnings correlation are of less concern from an inequality perspective. In other countries, where increases in earnings similarity are produced by augmented similarity in earnings among dual-breadwinner couples or by selective changes in employment, increases in earnings similarity are of more concern for inequality between households.