bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Redefinition of the Entrepreneurial Function Concept
Authors: Ravier Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

This work is presented in the context of the Eighth International Conference of The Austrian School of Economics in the 21st Cen- tury, held in Vienna. Throughout it, I reflect on the concept of entrepreneurial function (which is the well-known backbone of the Austrian school of economics’ entire theoretical arsenal) and propose a redefinition that best fits the state of current thinking about it.
The redefinition is based on two basic pillars: (1) the evolution that has taken place throughout thought within the Austrian school of economics and (2) theoretical reconsiderations on some of the fundamental characteristics of entrepreneurial function (creativity, human action as a function, and its relationship with ethics).
An Austrian School View on Eucken’s Ordoliberalism. Analyzing the Roots and Concept of German Ordoliberalism from the Perspective of Austrian School Economics
Authors: Reimers Patrick 
Published: March 2021

This paper explains the origins and the theoretical concept of Ordo- liberalism, focusing in particular on one of its founders, Walter Eucken. We will focus on the political and economic concepts of Ordoliberalism in regards to interventionism, competition, monopolies, democracy and property rights. For a better understanding, we will compare its main positions and rationale with both, the concept of a social market economy, as well as with the theoretical background of the Austrian School of economics. We pretend to define how much State is necessary to assure a long-term maximization of human rights and individual liberty, while also evaluating at what stage a State becomes too big, potentially turning into a totalitarian autocracy.
Keywords: democracy, Private Property Order, Hoppe, Hayek, Wilhelm Röpke, Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Müller-Armack, Ludwig Erhard, Ordoliberalism, Ordo, Mont Pèlerin Society, human rights, liberalism, libertarianism, Austrian school of economics, anarcho-capitalism
JEL Classification: A12, B10, B13, B25, H10, H40, K11, P10, P14, P16, P26, P48, P51
Resumen: Este artículo explica los orígenes y el concepto teórico del Ordolibe- ralismo, centrándose en particular en uno de sus fundadores, Walter Eucken. Nos centraremos en los conceptos políticos y económicos del Ordoliberalismo con respecto al intervencionismo, la competencia, los monopolios, la democra- cia y los derechos de propiedad. Para una mejor comprensión, compararemos sus principales posiciones y razones con el concepto de economía social de mercado, así como con los antecedentes teóricos de la Escuela Austriaca de economía. Pretendemos definir cuánto Estado es necesario para asegurar a largo plazo una maximización de los derechos humanos y de la libertad indi- vidual.
Palabras clave: democracia, propiedad privada, Hoppe, Hayek, Wilhelm Röpke, Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Müller-Armack, Ludwig Erhard, ordoliber- alismo, Ordo, Mont Pèlerin Society, derechos humanos, liberalismo, liber- tarismo, Escuela Austriaca de economía, anarco-capitalismo
Clasificación JEL: A12, B10, B13, B25, H10, H40, K11, P10, P14, P16, P26, P48, P51
A Rank-Order Test on th Statistical Performance of Neural Network Models for Regional Labor Market Forecasts
Authors: Patuelli Roberto , Longhi Simonetta , Reggiani Aura , Nijkamp Peter , Blien Uwe 
Published: March 2021

Using a panel of 439 German regions, we evaluate and compare the performance of various Neural Network (NN) models as forecasting tools for regional employment growth. Because of relevant differences in data availability between the former East and West Germany, the NN models are computed separately for the two parts of the country. The comparisons of the models and their ex post forecasts are carried out by means of a non-parametric test: viz. the Friedman statistic. The Friedman statistic tests the consistency of model results obtained in terms of their rank order. Since there is no normal distribution assumption, this methodology is an interesting substitute for a standard analysis of variance.
DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO OUTLET OF LIZINOPRIL CONTAINING MEDICAL PREPARATION ”LIZINOCOR” AND ITS ANALOGUE USING METHOD OF HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: ჩიკვილაძე თ. Chikviladze T. , ლაშაური ნ. Lashauri N. , ჯორჯიკია მ. Jorjikia M. , ჭინჭარაძე დ. Chincharadze D. , ოთარაშვილი თ. Otarashvili T. , იორამაშვილი ჰ. Ioramashvili H. 
Published: March 2021

ACE Inhibitors represent the first class of anti hypertensive agents that was designed and developed on the basis of a well-defined physiopathol ogical axis of arterial hypertension, a vascular disorder that is now becoming one of the major causes of morbidity/mortality, not only in developed societies but also in the highly populated developing countries. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, the carboxylalkyl compounds derivated lizinopril is apharmaceutical drug, used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure. Purpose of investigation was – comparison of in vitro outlet of 5 mg tablets of ”Lizinocor” containing Lizinopril , produced by the Georgian pharmaceutical company “GMP” and its analogue ”Zestril” using method of high-performance liquid chromatography. According to the received results average percent quantity outlet of ”lizinocor” is 97,65 %, ”Zestril” – 95, 88%;. Inclination in comparison with Zestril is 1,85 %, (norm ± 5 %). ”Lizinocor” 5 mg tablets containing Lizinopril produced by the Georgian pharmaceutical company ”GMP” are characterized by good outlet quality.
Aplicación de Isótopos estables e hidroquímica para la comprensión del sistema hidrológico en Laguna de Tiscapa. Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Barberena-Moncada Javier , Hurtado-García Iris , Sirias-Silva Marlon 
Published: March 2021

Isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno 18) e hidroquímica fueron utilizados como trazadores para determinar el origen del agua en el cráter de la Laguna de Tiscapa y sus interacciones con el agua subterránea y Lago Xolotlán, para esto se utilizaron 253 resultados de isótopos estables y 56 resultados hidroquímicos de las fuentes: precipitación, agua subterránea, Laguna de Tiscapa y Lago Xolotlán. Los isótopos estables indican que Laguna de Tiscapa es recargada en zona oeste por agua subterránea donde hay una composición media de -7‰ en δ18O, los procesos de evaporación en laguna hacen que tenga una composición media de -5.4‰ en δ18O, reflejando este aporte de Laguna de Tiscapa zona noreste del agua subterránea con enriquecimiento de -6‰ en δ18O. La composición hidroquímica en Laguna de Tiscapa tiene común relación con el agua subterránea donde rigen los procesos de disolución de material geológico y no el meteórico, esta disolución hace predominen los iones HCO-3, Ca+2, Na+, Mg+2. Los procesos de disolución se dan principalmente por la presencia de silicatos seguidos de calcitas, que es característico de la composición del acuífero Las Sierras. Se puede descartar aporte de agua del Lago Xolotán a Laguna de Tiscapa, puesto que este presenta una composición isotópica altamente enriquecido, a lo que se suma los procesos de salinización que experimenta este cuerpo de agua.
The Key Role of the Phosphatase PP2A in the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Marco Javier , Peris Irene , Vicente Carmen , Arriazu Elena 
Published: March 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant disorder of hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic mutations. Despite the progressive understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, the survival rate of patients older than 60 years old remains poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment strategy for those patients in order to beat the disease and improve life quality. Reversible phosphorylation has been widely studied over the last years, and the deregulation of kinases and phosphatase have been verified to have a huge impact in leukemogenesis. Inactivation of the tumor-suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is frequent in AML patients, constituting a promising target for cancer therapy. There are several PP2A inactivation mechanisms. However, overexpression of SET or cancerous inhibitors of PP2A, both endogenous inhibitors of PP2A, are recurrent events in AML patients, leading to the inactivation of the phosphatase PP2A. Preclinical studies show that PP2A reactivation using PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) manage to stop the development of the disease, and its combination with conventional chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have a synergistic cytotoxic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that specifically activation of PP2A subunits, target crucial pathogenic drivers, increasing the efficacy of conventional treatments and opening new possibilities for personalized treatment in AML patients, especially in cases of PP2A deregulation. Here, we review the role of PP2A in AML as well as its drugable options.
Geriatric Anemia
Authors: Kaur Rana Manjit , Pal Singh Rana Amrit 
Published: March 2021

Anemia is growing in importance as a public health issue and a biomedical research priority in the geriatric age group but data on the causes and prevalence is not substantial. World health organization (WHO) has defined anemia as hemoglobin concentration (Hb %) below 12 g/dL in women and below 13 g/dL in men. Although it was previously believed that decline in Hb levels might be a normal consequence of aging, later suggested that anemia does reflect underlying poor health and makes elders vulnerable to adverse outcomes. Geriatric anemia has been found to be prevalent in up to 21.1% of patients in Europe and 11.0% of men and 10.2% of women of 65 years and older in the US. There is little literature that explores the various causes of anemia and its association with socio-demographic profile with underlying diseases, hence lesser research has led anemia to go undiagnosed and untreated.
Spatial Estimation of Soil Erosion Risk Using RUSLE/GIS Techniques and Practices Conservation Suggested for Reducing Soil Erosion in Wadi Mina Catchment (Northwest, Algeria)
Authors: Benchettouh Ahmed , Jebari Sihem , Kouri Lakhdar 
Published: March 2021

To meet the pressing water needs in Algeria, the state has put in place a strategy consisting of the creation of hydraulic infrastructure for the mobilization of surface water resources. In fact, 74 dams are currently in operation; these structures are silting up at a rapid pace, generating an estimated annual loss of 45 million m3. Sidi Mhamed Benaouda dam located in the Oranian hill, with a water capacity of respectively 241 million m3 plays a crucial economic role in this region. The protection of this dam against erosive processes is a pressing economic goal. To do this, the RUSLE/GIS approach was used to map the erosive hazard. The results obtained in the Mina catchment, following a subdivision of 1315 homogeneous land parcels, show a total annual loss of 60 million tons/year with an average loss of 11.2 t/ha/year. About 50% of the catchment area was predicted to have very low to low erosion risk, with soil loss between 0 and 7.4 t/ha/year. Erosion risk is moderate over 13.9% of the catchment, where calculated soil loss is between 7.4 and 12 t/ha/year. Erosion risk is high to dangerous over 36.1% of the catchment, where calculated soil loss is more than 12 t/ha/year. According to this study, it appeared clearly that we must intervene quickly by using reliable and effective conservation techniques.
Horticultural Classification of Citrus Cultivars
Authors: Singh Jagveer , Sharma Vishal , Pandey Kuldeep , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Kaur Manveen , Singh Sidhu Gurupkar 
Published: March 2021

Globally, citrus fruits are grown over an area of 11.42 million ha with 179.0 million tons production. China with 82.7 m tons production is the major producer of citrus fruits followed by Brazil (18.14 m tons) and India (10.53 m tons) (FAOSTAT, 2019). All commercially used scion and rootstock cultivars belong to the genus Citrus, except kumquats, Fortunella spp., and Poncirus trifoliata, which are used as rootstock only all over the world. Worldwide citrus cultivars divided into four, reasonably-well-defined horticultural groups: the Sweet oranges, the mandarins, the grapefruits and the pummelos and the common acid members. The true or ‘biological’ citrus, including species of Citrus (C. reticulata, C. maxima and C. medica), share certain characteristics, however, these are clearly differentiated according to the morpho- taxonomic traits. Hundreds of different citrus cultivars are available. Many varieties were chance finds from natural populations, and not the product of intentional breeding efforts. Other varieties in common use have originated from planned citrus hybridization and breeding efforts from worldwide. Most of the readers will be well acquainted with the cultivated types of Citrus scion and rootstocks. This chapter provides ripening season information for worldwide, farmers/gardeners have had success with citrus in many different regions of world where tropical/subtropical climatic conditions occur.
Normal Puerperium
Authors: Panda Subrat , Das Ananya , Mallik Arindam , Ray Baruah Surajit 
Published: March 2021

Puerperium is the time following delivery during which pregnancy-induced maternal anatomical and physiological changes return to the nonpregnant state. Puerperium period of 6 weeks can be divided into: (a) immediate – within 24 hours (b) early – up to 7 days (c) remote – up to 6 weeks. The puerperal effects are seen in all organs and particularly in reproductive organs. Infection and haemorrhage are the common postpartum complications. Post partum care is very important. Advice on exclusive breast feeding and contraception is also mandatory after every childbirth.
The Use of a Dynamic Elastomeric Fabric Orthotic Intervention in Adolescents and Adults with Scoliosis
Authors: Matthews Martin , Wynne James 
Published: March 2021

The use of dynamic elastomeric fabric orthoses in the non-surgical management of scoliosis has been growing over the last 20 years in the paediatric populations and has now started to be used in adolescent and adult patients as well. The concepts of treatment concentrate on the use of movement and changes in the neurological pattern generation, to reduce scoliosis curve Cobb angles and pain that is sometimes experienced due to an altered positional sense. This chapter introduces research, including recent computer modeling, to demonstrate the effects of the combination of two different layered textiles which enable improved comfort, aesthetics as well as scoliosis clinical management. The textile combination enables a total body suit to use 3D scoliosis brace knowledge to assist in developing new orthotic interventions for adolescents and adults with both neurological and idiopathic onset scoliosis, for several different presentations.
Laser Treatment CVD Diamond Coated Punch for Ultra-Fine Piercing of Metallic Sheets
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Inonara Tadahiko , Yoshino Tomoaki , Shiratori Tomomi , Suzuki Yohei 
Published: March 2021

CVD-diamond coated special tools have been widely utilized to prolong their tool life in practical production lines. WC (Co) punch for fine piercing of metallic sheets required for high wear-toughness to be free from chipping and damages and for high product quality to punch out the holes with sufficient dimensional accuracy. The laser trimming process was developed to reduce the surface roughness of diamond coating down to submicron level and to adjust its diamond layer dimensions with a sharp punch edge for accurate piercing. The pulsed laser irradiation was employed to demonstrate that micro-groove was accurately formed into the diamond coating. Less deterioration in the worked diamond film by this laser treatment was proved by the Raman spectroscopy. The femtosecond laser trimming was proposed to sharpen the punch edge down to 2 μm and to form the nano-textured punch side surfaces with the LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structuring)-period of 300 nm. Fine piercing experiments were performed to demonstrate that punch life was significantly extended to continuous punching in more than 10,000 shots and that mirror-shining hole surfaces were attained in every shot by regularly coining the nanotextures. The sharp punch edge with homogeneous edge profile was responsible for reduction of the induced damages into work sheet by piercing. The punch life was extended by the ejection mechanism of debris particles through the nanotextures on the punch side surface. The present laser treatment was useful in trimming and nanostructuring the complex-shaped punch edge for industrial application.
Sex Differences between Young Adults in the Czech and Slovak Republics in the Relationship between Alcohol-Related Consequences and Depression
Authors: Gavurova Beata , Rigelsky Martin , Ivankova Viera 
Published: March 2021

In general, the Czech and Slovak Republic are among the countries with increased alcohol consumption. It is clear that increased consumption can predict the occurrence of negative consequences that may subsequently be associated with various mental disorders. One of these mental disorders is depression, which is common in young adults and brings difficulties into their lives that can turn into problems in the future. The study examined the relationship between alcohol-related consequences and depressive symptoms in a sample of university students from the Czech and Slovak Republics in order to map the situation in these regions, where this problem is still ignored (n = 2514; CZE = 47.5%). The research included data from standardized questionnaires, namely the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ), which can predict alcohol use problems, and Health Questionnaire of depression (PHQ-9). The data was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding sex differences, a higher YAACQ score was found in males and, conversely, a higher PHQ-9 score was identified in females. The results of correlation and regression analyses revealed significant associations between the scores in the individual YAACQ subscales and the PHQ-9 score, while low to moderate correlations were found in most cases. In all cases, positive trajectories were identified, meaning that the increased risk of depressive disorder can be associated with experience in selected dimensions of alcohol-related consequences. Stronger associations occurred in females than in males. In terms of practical implications, high priority was given to prevention programs and counseling. Professionals’ efforts to help young people should be sex-oriented, while females were more vulnerable to depression, males were prone to the consequences of alcohol use.
Plasmonic Nanopores: Optofluidic Separation of Nano-Bioparticles via Negative Depletion
Authors: Zhu Xiangchao , Cicek Ahmet , Li Yixiang , Ali Yanik Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

In this chapter, we review a novel “optofluidic” nanopore device enabling label-free sorting of nano-bioparticles [e.g., exosomes, viruses] based-on size or chemical composition. By employing a broadband objective-free light focusing mechanism through extraordinary light transmission effect, our plasmonic nanopore device eliminates sophisticated instrumentation requirements for precise alignment of optical scattering and fluidic drag forces, a fundamental shortcoming of the conventional optical chromatography techniques. Using concurrent optical gradient and radial fluidic drag forces, it achieves self-collimation of nano-bioparticles with inherently minimized spatial dispersion against the fluidic flow. This scheme enables size-based fractionation through negative depletion and refractive-index based separation of nano-bioparticles from similar size particles that have different chemical composition. Most remarkably, its small (4 μm × 4 μm) footprint facilitates on-chip, multiplexed, high-throughput nano-bioparticle sorting using low-cost incoherent light sources.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Saritaş Ülkü , Üstündağ Yücel 
Published: March 2021

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most serious emergent disease in the gastroenterology field. The most common cause of AP is naturally gallstones. The most cases have mild disease and the illness limits itself in a short time period. In 15–20% of cases, the severe form of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) develops. Some patients have concomitant cholangitis. In these patients, releiving biliary obstruction with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is essential. However, correct timing of ERCP is a debate. While some authors and guidelines suggested that ERCP can be performed in first 24 hours, the others suggested its use during the first 72 hours. In the first 24 hours, ERCP is diffucult to apply due to ampullary edema and general ill situation of the patient. Rather than ERCP, agressive fluid replacement and supportive therapy are very much important in the first 72 hours of admission. Moreover, there is no consensus on timing of ERCP in patients with severe pancreatitis without cholangitis. But all international guidelines suggested that ERCP should be perfomed in all patients with mild or severe pancreatitis together with concomitant cholangitis during the first 72 hours. After resolution of ABP, cholecystectomy should be performed to prevent recurrent pancreatitis during the same hospitalization period (index cholecystectomy). If the patient is not suitable for cholecystectomy, ERCP and ES should be done to prevent further attacks of acute pancreatitis.
Inter Arm Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults at Ellisras
Authors: Sebati Betty , Monyeki Kotsedi , Siweya Hlengani , Monyeki Susan 
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular disease is a notable cause of death globally. When undetected, varying measurements of BP between arms can lead to inaccuracies in the interpretation and management of blood pressure consequently putting individuals in an avoidable risk through sub-optimal blood pressure control. The aim of the study was to determine the difference in blood pressure between the arms and its association to cardiovascular risk in young adults at Ellisras. A total of 624 young adults aged 18 to 29 years old participated in the study. Blood pressure measurements and blood analysis were done according to standard procedures. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between interarm blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. There was significant (p ≤ 0.05) mean difference of diastolic blood pressure of the <10 mmHg and ≥ 10 mmHg groups. There was a positive significant association between systolic inter arm blood pressure difference and hypertension (B = 5.331; 95%CI = 12.260–23.183; P = 0.026) while no significant association was found between diastolic blood pressure and interarm diastolic differences in diastolic blood pressure (B = 1.081; 95%CI = 1.032–1.131; P = 0.920). The current study showed positive associations between inter arm differences and a few cardiovascular risk factors including BMI and gender. Detection of an interarm BP difference should motivate the need for a thorough cardiovascular/health assessment.