bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Maternity Experience of New Zealand Samoan First-time Mothers
Authors:   , Churchward Marianna 
Published: December 2021

<p>Motherhood is a life-changing event. It is a significant milestone for a woman. This thesis explores the concept of motherhood from the perspectives of Samoan first-time mothers living in New Zealand. The thesis traces their experiences from conception, pregnancy and childbirth through to early motherhood. Their narratives are the focus of the research and are complemented by the viewpoints from some of their own mothers, and maternity health professionals. The overarching question, ‘What are the experiences of a group of first-time New Zealand-born Samoan mothers before and after birth?’ was framed from a strengths-based approach and draws on work which defines a strength-based approach to resilience as research that changed traditional deficit perspectives. Rather than focusing on how individuals or families have failed or struggled, emphasis is directed to how they can succeed or how they can manage (Walsh, 2006). Interviews were conducted in Wellington and Auckland with 11 first-time Samoan mothers prior to childbirth and follow-up interviews with nine of these women within 12 months of the birth of their child. Five Samoan grandmothers, i.e. mothers of these first-time mothers, five midwives and five Plunket nurses were also interviewed. Four sites of analysis were examined – the embodied experience of conception and pregnancy; the process of labour and childbirth; the new norm of early motherhood, and interpersonal relationships and encounters. Analysis was conducted through the overarching lens of the Samoan concept of the vā (Wendt, 1999), the theoretical frameworks of ‘negotiated spaces’ (Mila-Schaaf and Hudson, 2009) and sophisticated mediation (Churchward, 2011). It was found that the first-time New Zealand-born Samoan mothers engaged in a complex and, at times, contradictory process of seeking support during their transition to motherhood. They demonstrated resilience and their skill as sophisticated mediators. The women depended on relationships, some biological and some not, that were reliable and sustainable and the interaction and care that the relationship offered. Intergenerational relationships were important to these first-time New Zealand-born Samoan mothers, particularly ones they had with their own mother, or someone close to them, as it was pivotal in the way in which they constructed their maternity experience.</p>
Meridional temperature gradient and the midlatitude storm track
Authors:   , Carter Lauren 
Published: December 2021

<p>The southern hemisphere’s atmospheric circulation experiences several annual and seasonal changes that are well documented and studied. The teleconnections between different variables are verified and used to explain variability in everyday climate and weather. Theories using physics are taught and published in textbooks to help us understand the connectivity and complexity of such a system. One theory is the meridional temperature gradient has a direct impact on the storm track. This thesis investigates that theory using the ERA-Interim dataset. The temperature gradient is a direct result of the temperature field, and depending on the latitudes you decide in which to constrain your gradient, the gradient experiences several changes. In the high latitudes, the southern annual oscillation created a two peaked pattern; the mid-latitudes display the expected seasonal mono peak pattern. The strong correlations seen in the high latitudes means that the gradient is driven by the patterns experienced at higher latitudes. The independence of behaviours displayed by the ocean sectors led to the research investigating the influences, looking at not just the hemisphere, but also each basin separately. The Pacific and Indian Ocean showed in several results to act independently from one another, in temperature gradients, wind field, and storm track position. The strong correlations between the temperature gradient and the wind field, as well as the storm track field show that the two are connected, as the theory suggests. If temperatures rise in the tropics, or decrease in the poles, then the temperature gradient will steepen. The pressure gradient force increases which pushes the thermal wind balance poleward, shifting the position of the westerlies. The area with the largest variation in the wind speed becomes the storm track, which would also shift poleward. Climatic factors such as the southern oscillation index, southern annular mode or Indian Ocean dipole show slight correlations with the temperature field, but have little to no influence on the temperature gradient itself. Precipitation levels in New Zealand are highly variable due to the nature of the countries location and topography. What was found was little connection between the northern part of the country and the storm track. However, closer proximity to the storm track, such as the south of the country, do experience a small amount of variation due to the storm tracks influence.</p>
The influence of the gut microbiota on influenza vaccine-induced immunity
Authors:   , Mooney Anna 
Published: December 2021

<p>Currently, annual vaccination is widely considered the most effective method for preventing and controlling influenza virus infection. However, many individuals mount suboptimal immune responses to vaccination and the factors leading to poor immune responses are yet to be elucidated. Interestingly, it has been proposed that microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract, the gut microbiota, can profoundly influence many facets of the host immune system, including the strength of the immune response to influenza vaccination. In line with these observations, we observed that short-term administration of antibiotics drastically reduced influenza vaccine-specific antibody production. In particular, antibiotic treatment diminished the frequency and activation status of multiple myeloid cell subsets in the draining lymph nodes at steady-state and following vaccination, with associated impairments in B and TFH cell responses. Composition and function of gut microbiota communities can be rapidly altered through dietary changes. Therefore, the impact of potential prebiotic and probiotic nutritional interventions on the immune response to influenza vaccination and subsequent infection was assessed. No improvement in antibody responses to influenza vaccination was observed following the nutritional interventions studies. However, oral administration of a propolis formulation led to some improvement in viral control following infection. Collectively, this investigation indicates that alterations in microbial-associated signals leads to severe impairments in cellular responses crucial to humoral immunity and subsequent vaccine-induced antibody production. Furthermore, by altering the gut microbiota through dietary interventions, there is potential to improve immune responses to vaccination.</p>
The Urban Backyard: Resilient spaces for urban dwellers.
Authors:   , Hemi Thomas 
Published: December 2021

<p>The unsustainable nature of New Zealand’s ongoing suburban expansion is reflected by our self-entitled obsession with owning space or land. In a survey commissioned by Mitre 10 (Mitre 10, 2014), 1500 New Zealanders were asked for their opinions of the size of backyards and how they use them. “Most survey respondents, 84 per cent, agreed they liked the idea of the traditional Kiwi quarter-acre paradise - a large plot of land with a standalone house on it, and almost all said they would rather live on the traditional quarter-acre section than in high-density housing.” (Small, 2014) The backyard is a classic space that New Zealanders feel entitled to possess ownership, but if all we require is “enough room for a barbecue” and want “a bit of grass out the back” then we are consuming more space than we need. (Small, 2014) Here, begins an argument for a change in planning.Living in closer and more compact cities has been the catalyst to a more life-filled and active space in American and European cities. But close and compact are not typical to the vernacular in New Zealand. A hybrid form of city living could be found by experimenting with the typical New Zealand suburban lifestyle in urban spaces. By doing so more New Zealanders may decide to live in these new urban spaces. This research explores how a dense urban settlement can integrate the suburban model of a backyard to help facilitate better living spaces in Wellington. Smoothing the barrier between public and privatised space will help these spaces become more appropriated for encouraging human interaction and eventually promoting a sense of ownership and community over the shared backyard space.</p>
Distribution Network Optimization with Scattered Generator Integration Using Immune-Clonal Selection Method
Authors: Syahputra Ramadoni , Soesanti Indah 
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes distribution network optimization with scattered generator integration using the immune-clonal selection (ICS) method. Nowadays, the high popularity of scattered generators (SG) has made distribution networks essential to manage appropriately. This interest is because SG is usually injected into the distribution network due to the ease of accessing the network and the voltage level of the distribution network, which is easier for SG to reach. However, the presence of SG as a distribution network is increasingly dynamic, so that appropriate techniques are needed to achieve adequate network performance through network optimization. The ICS method is expected to be the right solution for this task. The ICS technique was chosen for its excellence in accurately optimizing for multi-objectives while avoiding premature convergence to local minima. The ICS approach was applied to IEEE model distribution networks of 33-bus and 71-bus. The optimization results show that the effectiveness and superiority of the ICS method, which is indicated by shallow power losses with a better voltage profile, and the load balance on each feeder is maintained. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01312 Full Text: PDF
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Energy Consumption in Time Series using Clustering Approach
Authors: M. Z. H. Jesmeen , Hossen J. , Bin Abd. Aziz Azlan 
Published: December 2021

Recent years have seen significant growth in the adoption of smart home devices. It involves a Smart Home System for better visualisation and analysis with time series. However, there are a few challenges faced by the system developers, such as data quality or data anomaly issues. These anomalies can be due to technical or non-technical faults. It is essential to detect the non-technical fault as it might incur economic cost. In this study, the main objective is to overcome the challenge of training learning models in the case of an unlabelled dataset. Another important consideration is to train the model to be able to discriminate abnormal consumption from seasonal-based consumption. This paper proposes a system using unsupervised learning for Time-Series data in the smart home environment. Initially, the model collected data from the real-time scenario. Following seasonal-based features are generated from the time-domain, followed by feature reduction technique PCA to 2-dimension data. This data then passed through four known unsupervised learning models and was evaluated using the Excess Mass and Mass-Volume method. The results concluded that LOF tends to outperform in the case of detecting anomalies in electricity consumption. The proposed model was further evaluated by benchmark anomaly dataset, and it was also proved that the system could work with the different fields containing time-series data. The model will cluster data into anomalies and not. The developed anomaly detector will detect all anomalies as soon as possible, triggering real alarms in real-time for time-series data's energy consumption. It has the capability to adapt to changing values automatically. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01314 Full Text: PDF
The Role of Viral Marketing in Social Media on Brand Recognition and Preference
Authors: Puriwat Wilert , Tripopsakul Suchart 
Published: December 2021

Viral marketing is one of the most effective and imperative marketing strategies. The prominence of digital technology and social media has elevated the importance of viral marketing campaigns by increasing their cost efficiency and enabling them to reach targeted audiences rapidly. This study aimed to examine the influence of viral marketing strategies on brand recognition and brand preference by developing a framework for the effectiveness of viral marketing (7I’s) in social media contexts and testing the associations among the 7I’s, brand recognition and brand preference. A quantitative research method with a structured questionnaire as the research tool was employed to collect data from a total of 286 respondents in Thailand. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that effective viral marketing relates positively to brand recognition (b = 0.440) and preference (b = 0.298). The mediation analysis also revealed that brand recognition partially mediates the relationship between effective viral marketing and brand preference. In terms of the moderating effects, the results indicated a stronger influence for effective viral marketing on brand preference among younger respondents (b = 0.336) than among older respondents (b = 0.278). This research makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by validating a theory-driven framework based on the novel concept of the 7I’s and its potential effect on customers’ brand perceptions. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01315 Full Text: PDF
Optimization of Hill Cipher Method for Encryption and Decryption of Prescription Drugs at Puskesmas Twano Jayapura City
Authors: Pawan Elvis , Hasan Patmawati 
Published: December 2021

A drug prescription is a written request from a doctor to a pharmacist that must be kept secret because it contains certain doses of drugs and types of drugs that cannot be known by just anyone, especially those who are not interested. From time to time technological advances have a rapid impact on all sectors, both private and government agencies, including the health sector. One form of service in the health sector that can utilize information technology is the manufacture of electronic drug prescriptions that can be sent via an application from a doctor to a pharmacist. The frequent misuse of prescription drugs by unauthorized persons, as well as errors by officers at the pharmacy in reading prescriptions can be fatal for the community, so a solution is needed to overcome this problem. This application is designed using the Hill Cipher Algorithm which is one of the classic types of algorithms in the field of cryptography, but to get the maximum level of security, the algorithm key will be modified using a postal code pattern as a matrix key. Broadly speaking, the Encryption Stage is the first starting from the plaintext which is the type of drug and drug dose, the second key matrix using a POS code pattern, the three plaintexts are converted into blocks, the fourth is arranged into a 2x2 matrix, the fifth is multiplied between the key and the sixth plaintext is multiplied into mod 26 to generate an encrypted ciphertext or recipe. The success rate of system functionality testing using the blackbox method is 100%
Kebermaknaan Hidup dan Orientasi Masa Depan Pada Wanita Dewasa Awal yang Pernah Mengalami Kehamilan Pranikah
Authors: Putri Yolanda Sonia Cindy 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebermaknaan hidup dan orientasi masa depan wanita dewasa awal yang pernah mengalami kehamilan pranikah. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan observasi dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu dengan mempersiapkan data, membaca keseluruhan data, meng-coding data, menerapkan hasil coding data menjadi tema-tema yang akan dianalisis, menyajikan tema-tema dalam bentuk narasi dan melakukan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek kebermaknaan hidup yang dialami subjek terdiri dari aspek kerohanian, kebebasan, tanggung jawab, self-transcendence, dan keterbukaan diri. Serta dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal meliputi pola berpikir, konsep diri, kepercayaan, ibadah, kepribadian dan faktor eksternal meliputi pekerjaan, pengalaman, lingkungan sosial masyarakat, hubungan dalam keluarga. Semua subjek memiliki gambaran orientasi masa depan yang berbeda-beda. Aspek orientasi masa depan yang dialami subjek terdiri dari motivasi, perencanaan dan evaluasi. Serta dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal.
Pengaruh Kontrol Diri Dan Kompetensi Sosial Terhadap Kecenderungan Nomophobia Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Silvani Putri Mega 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kontrol diri dan kompetensi sosial terhadap kecenderungan nomophobia pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatam kuantitatif, subjek penelitian ini adalah 135 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala nomophobia, kontrol diri, dan kompetensi sosial. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kontrol diri dengan kecenderungan nomophobia dengan nilai beta (β) = 0.560, serta nilai t hitung = 5.879 > t tabel = 1.978, dan nilai p = 0.000 < 0.050; (2) ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompentensi sosial dengan kecenderungan nomophobia dengan nilai beta (β) = 0.310, serta nilai t hitung = 3.257 > t tabel = 1.978, dan nilai p = 0.001 < 0.050; (3) kontrol diri dan kompetensi sosial terdapat pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dengan kecenderungan nomophobia dengan hasil nilai sebesar F hitung = 13.303 > F tabel = 3.06.
Sense of Humor dengan Subjective Well-Being Pada Remaja dengan Orangtua yang Bercerai
Authors: Yustia Fira Ayu , Lubis Hairani , Putri Elda Trialisa 
Published: December 2021

Perceraian orangtua berdampak negatif bagi subjective well-being pada remaja yang menjadi korban dari perceraian tersebut, oleh karena itu perlu adanya sense of humor agar remaja mampu kembali merasakan kebahagiaan dan mencapai kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empirik ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara sense of humor dengan subjective well-being pada remaja dengan orangtua yang bercerai di Kota Samarinda. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 150 orang remaja yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Satisfication with Life Scale (SWLS) dan Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) untuk mengukur variabel subjective well-being dan skala sense of humor kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment menghasilkan nilai r hitung = -0.159 dan p=0.052>0.05. Hasil perhitungan tersebut menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara sense of humor dengan subjective well-being pada remaja dengan orangtua bercerai di Kota Samarinda. Parents divorce has a negative impact on subjective well-being in adolescents who are victims of the divorce, an adolescents need to have a sense of humor that able to feel happiness and prosperity. This study aims to empirically examine relationship between sense of humor and subjective well-being in adolescents with divorced parents in Samarinda. The subjects in this study were 150 teenagers who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The measuring instruments used in this study are Satisfication with Life Scale (SWLS) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to measure subjective well-being and sense of humor scales and then analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test resulting in the value of r = - 0.159 and p = 0.052 > 0.05. The results of these calculations indicate that there is no relationship between sense of humor and subjective well-being in adolescents with divorced parents in Samarinda.
Pre- and intraoperative thoracic spine localization techniques: a systematic review
Authors: Strong Michael J. , Santarosa Julianne , Sullivan Timothy P. , Kazemi Noojan , Joseph Jacob R. , Kashlan Osama N. , Oppenlander Mark E. , Szerlip Nicholas J. , Park Paul , Elswick Clay M. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
In the era of modern medicine with an armamentarium full of state-of-the art technologies at our disposal, the incidence of wrong-level spinal surgery remains problematic. In particular, the thoracic spine presents a challenge for accurate localization due partly to body habitus, anatomical variations, and radiographic artifact from the ribs and scapula. The present review aims to assess and describe thoracic spine localization techniques.

METHODS
The authors performed a literature search using the PubMed database from 1990 to 2020, compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 27 articles were included in this qualitative review.

RESULTS
A number of pre- and intraoperative strategies have been devised and employed to facilitate correct-level localization. Some of the more well-described approaches include fiducial metallic markers (screw or gold), metallic coils, polymethylmethacrylate, methylene blue, marking wire, use of intraoperative neuronavigation, intraoperative localization techniques (including using a needle, temperature probe, fluoroscopy, MRI, and ultrasonography), and skin marking.

CONCLUSIONS
While a number of techniques exist to accurately localize lesions in the thoracic spine, each has its advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the localization technique deployed by the spine surgeon will be patient-specific but often based on surgeon preference.
Postoperative spinal subdural hygroma without incidental durotomy: illustrative cases
Authors: Barr Garrett Q. , Mayer Peter L. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Spinal subdural hygroma (SSH) is a rare pathological entity occurring as a complication of spinal surgery. It is different from spinal subdural hematoma due to blunt trauma, anticoagulation therapy, spinal puncture, and rupture of vascular malformations.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors presented five patients with SSH who received decompression for lumbar stenosis. None had incidental durotomy. All presented postoperatively with unexpectedly severe symptoms, including back and leg pain and weakness. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed SSH with a characteristic imaging finding termed the “flying bat” sign. Four patients underwent evacuation of SSH, with immediate and complete resolution of symptoms in three patients and improvement in one patient. One patient improved without additional surgery. At surgery, subdural collections were found to be xanthochromic fluid in three patients and plain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in one patient.

LESSONS
Unexpectedly severe back and leg pain and weakness after lumbar or thoracic spine surgery should raise suspicion of SSH. MRI and/or computed tomography myelography shows the characteristic findings termed the flying bat sign. Surgical evacuation is successful although spontaneous resolution can also occur. The authors hypothesized that SSH is due to CSF entering the subdural space from the subarachnoid space via a one-way valve effect.