bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Art et Guerison: Les Rites de Possession Mahamba Lies a La Fecondite Chez Les Luv Ale Dezambie
Authors: Wastiau Boris 
Published: February 2021

Art and Healing: The Rituals of Possession Mahamba Related to Fertility Among the Luvale of Zambia
This paper deals with a number of symbolic practices and art forms that have developed within rituals of possession known as mahamba in the upper Zambezi and Kasai area. I refer mostly to the Luvale of Zambia, among whom there are numerous mahamba, variously related to serious illness, sterility, madness, failure, social alienation or other ills. Presenting alternatively aspects of ad hoc therapeutic rituals, and “social drama, to borrow V. Turner’s expression”, or of religious cults, they are performed by both men and women. Mahamba can lead to initiation into a professional cast or simply serve to restore a possessed patient's physical health or social status. As rituals that are both 'religious' and 'therapeutic', they must be considered within the broad context of cosmology and medical knowledge. Here I will discuss the transforming role of certain artefacts and performances in mahamba rituals that aim at restoring female fertility.
Eigennamen en “Makùmbù” Van “Mvìdi Mukùlù” bij de Balubà-Kàsaayì
Authors: Horvàth Ellen 
Published: February 2021

Proper Names and “Makùmbù” of “Mvìdi Mukùlù” among the Balubà-Kàsaayì
This article attempts to analyze the proper names and “makùmbù” (or praise-names) bestowed upon the supreme being or God by the Balubà-Kàsaayì. This is done in order to have a better insight in their conceptions of God. The Balubà-Kàsaayì give several names to God, such as Mvìdi Mukùlù, Maweeja, Mulopò and Nzambì. These names are used in the makùmbù, oral formulae consisting of one or two sentences. In general they are used to praise people, spirits, animals, plants, places and even things, emphasizing their qualities. The makùmbù are used as a complementary element to or a substitution of the proper name. The makùmbù addressed to God refer to his greatness, eternity. freedom, etcetera.
Le Journaliste et le Griot. Les Traces de L’oralite dans la Presse Ecrite Africaine
Authors: Frère Marie-Soleil 
Published: February 2021

The Journalist and the Griot. Tracing the Oral Tradition in the African Press
This paper will show the similarities between the journalist's role and narrative style and those of the griot1, a key player the traditional exercise of power. The new private press appeared in French-speaking Africa as a part of the democratic process at the beginning of the 1990’s, in the context of politic liberalization (multipartism, institutional renewal) and in the flow of a new type of political speech that allows contradictions, critiques and debates. The journalist, that had mostly been the mouthpiece of the governments until then, has acquired a new role as a confer-power in a democratizing regime.
Nevertheless, the journalist may in some ways be compared to the traditional griot. First, his new form of speech is very close to the oral style of the griot. The stylistic characteristics, the use of metaphors and images, the way the story is built are common to both “story-tellers”. Secondly, they both criticize the “Big Men”, express the people’s frustrations and use irony to desacralised those in power. Thirdly, they occupy an “in between” position in society because, at the same time, they belong to the social group they are speaking or writing for, while being looked at as a different “cast” practising the power of public speech.
The papers concludes that the griot and the journalist can play a role that enforces the democratization process in the sense that they make people share common values but they can also weaken the process by oversimplifying or hiding social problems and by supporting stereotypes and illusions.
De Afzetting van Lumumba Door Kasavubu, Enkele Grondwettelijke Beschouwingen
Authors: Beke Dirk 
Published: February 2021

The Deposition of Lumumba by Kasavubu, some Constitutional Considerations
Shortly after the independence of the Congo, the political crisis engendered by the conflict between President Kasavubu and Prime Minister Lumumba was accompanied by a serious constitutional crisis. The first Congolese constitution was almost a complete imitation of the Belgian constitution. It established a parliamentary regime with a politically accountable Prime Minister and a non-accountable President as Head of State. The confusing rubric that ‘The Head of State appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister’ was quickly misused by national and international opponents of Lumumba to persuade Kasavubu to remove him from power. A full and contextual analysis of the constitution, however, shows that dismissal is linked to several other formal procedures and political conditions. Every presidential decision, including the dismissal of the Prime Minister and of Ministers, has to be countersigned by a Minister. Furthermore, it can be deduced clearly from the whole constitutional model that dismissal of the Prime Minister can only take place when the government has been outvoted in parliament. The conclusion is that, in contradiction to the contrived interpretations of some advisers and Belgian jurists, the deposition of Lumumba was unconstitutional. At any rate, Kasavubu’s unconstitutional act seriously damaged Lumumba’s political position and placed him in a difficult situation of legal defence against it.
Response of U.S. West Coast Mountain Snowpack to Local Sea Surface Temperature Perturbations: Insights from Numerical Modeling and Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Leung L. Ruby , Gao Yang , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) significantly modulates the precipitation and temperature over land, with important consequences on land surface processes such as snowpack. Compared to the impact of remote SST, the effect of nearshore/local SST is less well understood. In this study, the impact of local SST on the mountain snowpack of the U.S. West Coast is investigated using two 6-km regional climate simulations driven by the same lateral boundary conditions but with time-varying versus time-invariant and warmer local SSTs during 2003–15. Results show that local SST warming leads to warmer winter with more precipitation over the mountains. Meanwhile, the removal of SST temporal variability results in reduced temperature variability but increased precipitation variability. As a result, winter snow accumulation decreases by ~200 mm per season in the Cascade Mountains in the north but increases by ~100 mm per season in the Sierra Nevada in the south. Such a dipole response results from the competing effects of precipitation and temperature change at different elevations and are amplified by the enhanced atmospheric river moisture transport. To further delineate the relative contributions of different meteorological factors to the snowpack response, two neural network models were developed to predict the snow behaviors at seasonal and monthly scales. These models reveal the dominant influence of the total amount and the average temperature of precipitation on the snowpack response. These findings highlight the sensitivity of mountain snowpack to local SST in the western United States and underscore the importance of local SST and atmospheric rives to accurate snowpack estimations for water management.
Longitudinal Follow‐up of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Chronic Neurogenic Cough
Authors: Dhillon Vaninder K. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo demonstrate longitudinal follow‐up for patients who underwent in‐office superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block with lidocaine and steroids for chronic neurogenic cough.Study DesignLongitudinal follow‐up study over 10 months.SettingClinical.MethodsA retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent in‐office nerve block to the SLN for neurogenic cough, including the 10 patients whose outcomes were originally published in 2019.ResultsThirty patients in this study who underwent a series of SLN blocks showed significant improvement in cough severity index (CSI). The average number of blocks was 3 (range, 2‐8). Twelve patients underwent initial SLN block to the left side and 18 patients underwent initial SLN block to the right side. The mean follow‐up from the first SLN block was 5.3 months. The mean pretreatment and posttreatment CSI scores were 27 and 11, respectively, for all 30 patients who underwent an SLN block. A Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is a significant effect on CSI (W = 2, z = −4.659, P <. 05). The mean longitudinal follow‐up for the original 10 patients was 10 months from the first SLN block, with none of these patients receiving any further treatment for their cough.ConclusionSuperior laryngeal nerve block is an effective long‐term treatment for neurogenic cough. No additional treatment was required within 10 months of the SLN block.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Building a Harmonized Datamart by Integrating Cross-Institutional Systems of Clinical, Outcome, and Genomic Data: The Pediatric Patient Informatics Platform (PPIP)
Authors: Ma Clement , Sridharan Madhumitha , Al-Sayegh Hasan , Li Anran , Guo Dongjing , Auclair Mark , Kuragayala Vani , Bandaru Chandini , Milne Dana , Cruse Hugh , Beaudoin Ron , Orechia John , Bickel Jonathan , London Wendy B. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Siloed electronic medical data limits utility and accessibility. At the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, cross-institutional data were inconsistent and difficult to access. To unify data for clinical operations, administration, and research, we developed the Pediatric Patient Informatics Platform ( PPIP), an integrated datamart harmonizing multiple source systems across two institutions into a common technology. PATIENTS AND METHODS Starting in 2009, user requirements were gathered and data sources were prioritized. Project teams, including biostatisticians, database developers, and an external contractor, were formed. Read-access to source systems was established. The 3-layer PPIP architecture was developed: STAGING, a near-exact copy of source data; INTEGRATION, where data were reorganized into domains; and, CONSUMPTION, where data were optimized for rapid retrieval. The diverse systems were integrated into a common IBM Netezza technology. Data filters were defined to accurately capture the Center's patients, and derived data items were created for harmonization across sources. An interactive online query tool, PPIP360, was developed using Microstrategy Analytics. RESULTS Driven by scientific objectives, the PPIP datamart was created, including 33,674 patients, 2,983 protocols, and 3.6 million patient visits from 14 source databases, 164 source tables, and 2,622 source data items. The PPIP360 has 605 data items and 33 metrics across 11 reports and dashboards. Dana-Farber and Boston Children's established a legal data-sharing agreement. The PPIP has supported hundreds of faculty, staff, and projects, including planning clinical trials and informing strategic planning. CONCLUSION The PPIP has successfully harmonized and integrated diagnostic, demographic, laboratory, treatment, clinical outcome, pathology, transplant, meta-protocol, and –omics data, for efficient, daily operational and research activities at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, and future external sharing.
Prolactin Drives a Dynamic STAT5A/HDAC6/HMGN2Cis-Regulatory Landscape Exploitable in ER+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Craig Justin M , Turner Tia H , Harrell J Chuck , Clevenger Charles V 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hormone prolactin has been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and regulates chromatin engagement by the transcription factor, STAT5A. STAT5A is known to inducibly bind promoters and cis-regulatory elements genome-wide, though the mechanisms by which it exerts specificity and regulation of target gene expression remain enigmatic. We previously identified HDAC6 and HMGN2 as cofactors that facilitate prolactin-induced, STAT5A-mediated gene expression. Here, multicondition STAT5A, HDAC6, and HMGN2 chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing with parallel condition RNA-seq are utilized to reveal the cis-regulatory landscape and cofactor dynamics underlying prolactin-stimulated gene expression in breast cancer. We find that prolactin-regulated genes are significantly enriched for cis-regulatory elements bound by HDAC6 and HMGN2, and that inducible STAT5A binding at enhancers, rather than promoters, conveys specificity for prolactin-regulated genes. The selective HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY-241, blocks prolactin-induced STAT5A chromatin engagement at cis-regulatory elements as well as a significant proportion of prolactin-stimulated gene expression. We identify functional pathways known to contribute to the development and/or progression of breast cancer that are activated by prolactin and inhibited by ACY-241. Additionally, we find that the DNA sequences underlying shared STAT5A and HDAC6 binding sites at enhancers are differentially enriched for estrogen response elements (ESR1 and ESR2 motifs) relative to enhancers bound by STAT5A alone. Gene set enrichment analysis identifies significant overlap of ERα-regulated genes with genes regulated by prolactin, particularly prolactin-regulated genes with promoters or enhancers co-occupied by both STAT5A and HDAC6. Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy of ACY-241 is demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, where we identify synergistic ACY-241 drug combinations and observe differential sensitivity of ER+ models relative to ER– models.
Differential effects of commensal bacteria on progenitor cell adhesion, division symmetry and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila intestine
Authors: Ferguson Meghan , Petkau Kristina , Shin Minjeong , Galenza Anthony , Fast David , Foley Edan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Microbial factors influence homeostatic and oncogenic growth in the intestinal epithelium. However, we know little about immediate effects of commensal bacteria on stem cell division programs. In this study, we examined the effects of commensal Lactobacillus species on homeostatic and tumorigenic stem cell proliferation in the female Drosophila intestine. We identified Lactobacillus brevis as a potent stimulator of stem cell divisions. In a wild-type midgut, L.brevis activates growth regulatory pathways that drive stem cell divisions. In a Notch-deficient background, L.brevis-mediated proliferation causes rapid expansion of mutant progenitors, leading to accumulation of large, multi-layered tumors throughout the midgut. Mechanistically, we showed that L.brevis disrupts expression and subcellular distribution of progenitor cell integrins, supporting symmetric divisions that expand intestinal stem cell populations. Collectively, our data emphasize the impact of commensal microbes on division and maintenance of the intestinal progenitor compartment.
Protein manipulation using single copies of short peptide tags in cultured cells and in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vigano M. Alessandra , Ell Clara-Maria , Kustermann Manuela M. M. , Aguilar Gustavo , Matsuda Shinya , Zhao Ning , Stasevich Timothy J. , Affolter Markus , Pyrowolakis George 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Cellular development and function rely on highly dynamic molecular interactions among proteins distributed in all cell compartments. Analysis of these interactions has been one of the main topics in cellular and developmental research, and has been mostly achieved by the manipulation of proteins of interest (POIs) at the genetic level. Although genetic strategies have significantly contributed to our current understanding, targeting specific interactions of POIs in a time- and space-controlled manner or analysing the role of POIs in dynamic cellular processes, such as cell migration or cell division, would benefit from more-direct approaches. The recent development of specific protein binders, which can be expressed and function intracellularly, along with advancement in synthetic biology, have contributed to the creation of a new toolbox for direct protein manipulations. Here, we have selected a number of short-tag epitopes for which protein binders from different scaffolds have been generated and showed that single copies of these tags allowed efficient POI binding and manipulation in living cells. Using Drosophila, we also find that single short tags can be used for POI manipulation in vivo.
Temporally regulated cell migration is sensitive to variation in body size
Authors: Dubois Clément , Gupta Shivam , Mugler Andrew , Félix Marie-Anne 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Few studies have measured the robustness to perturbations of the final position of a long-range migrating cell. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the QR neuroblast migrates anteriorly, while undergoing three division rounds. We study the final position of two of its great-granddaughters, the end of migration of which was previously shown to depend on a timing mechanism. We find that the variance in their final position is similar to that of other long-range migrating neurons. As expected from the timing mechanism, the position of QR descendants depends on body size, which we varied by changing maternal age or using body size mutants. Using a mathematical model, we show that body size variation is partially compensated for. Applying environmental perturbations, we find that the variance in final position increased following starvation at hatching. The mean position is displaced upon a temperature shift. Finally, highly significant variation was found among C. elegans wild isolates. Overall, this study reveals that the final position of these neurons is quite robust to stochastic variation, shows some sensitivity to body size and to external perturbations, and varies in the species.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Investigation of the accessory maxillary ostium: a congenital variation or acquired defect?
Authors: Orhan Soylemez Umut Percem , Atalay Basak 
Published: February 2021

Objective:We sought to determine whether an accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) is a congenital or acquired condition and we investigated concomitant sinus pathologies associated with this structure.Methods:Paranasal sinus CT examinations of individuals aged ≥13 years and <13 years were compared retrospectively. In total, 552 sinuses of 276 patients aged ≥13 years (Group 1) and 284 maxillary sinuses of 142 children aged <13 years (Group 2) were evaluated. Patients were classified as AMO-positive or -negative. The following features were evaluated in Group 1: AMO presence, mucus retention cysts, mucosal thickening, sinusitis of the maxillary sinus, nasal septum deviation, concha hypertrophy, concha bullosa, primary ostium obstruction, uncinate process atelectasis, paradox concha, Agger nasi and Haller cells, and sinus hypoplasia. The sizes and locations of AMOs were also evaluated. The presence of an AMO and sinusitis were evaluated in Group 2.Results:AMOs were detected in 122 sinuses in Group 1. In the AMO-positive group, sinusitis, mucosal thickening, and primary ostium obstruction were significantly more common than in the AMO-negative group (p < 0.00001). Statistically significant associations were not observed between AMO presence and other parameters. AMOs were present in two sinuses in Group 2.Conclusion:Our results suggest that AMOs are acquired defects caused by sinus diseases. The rare occurrence of these structures in patients aged <13 years suggests that they may be a perforation or secondary drainage pathway in patients with sinusitis or primary ostium obstruction.
Predictability and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns: A Challenge for Asset Pricing Models
Authors: Schlag Christian , Semenischev Michael , Thimme Julian 
Published: February 2021

Many modern macro finance models imply that excess returns on arbitrary assets are predictable via the price-dividend ratio and the variance risk premium of the aggregate stock market. We propose a simple empirical test for the ability of such a model to explain the cross-section of expected returns by sorting stocks based on the sensitivity of expected returns to these quantities. Models with only one uncertainty-related state variable, like the habit model or the long-run risks model, cannot pass this test. However, even extensions with more state variables mostly fail. We derive conditions under which models would be able to produce expected return patterns in line with the data and discuss various examples. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Estimated impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumonia mortality in South Africa, 1999 through 2016: An ecological modelling study
Authors: Kleynhans Jackie , Tempia Stefano , Shioda Kayoko , von Gottberg Anne , Weinberger Daniel M. , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: February 2021

Background
Data on the national-level impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction on mortality are lacking from Africa. PCV was introduced in South Africa in 2009. We estimated the impact of PCV introduction on all-cause pneumonia mortality in South Africa, while controlling for changes in mortality due to other interventions.

Methods and findings
We used national death registration data in South Africa from 1999 to 2016 to assess the impact of PCV introduction on all-cause pneumonia mortality in all ages, with the exclusion of infants aged <1 month. We created a composite (synthetic) control using Bayesian variable selection of nondiarrheal, nonpneumonia, and nonpneumococcal deaths to estimate the number of expected all-cause pneumonia deaths in the absence of PCV introduction post 2009. We compared all-cause pneumonia deaths from the death registry to the expected deaths in 2012 to 2016. We also estimated the number of prevented deaths during 2009 to 2016. Of the 9,324,638 deaths reported in South Africa from 1999 to 2016, 12·6% were pneumonia-related.
Compared to number of deaths expected, we estimated a 33% (95% credible interval (CrI) 26% to 43%), 23% (95%CrI 17% to 29%), 25% (95%CrI 19% to 32%), and 23% (95%CrI 11% to 32%) reduction in pneumonia mortality in children aged 1 to 11 months, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 7 years, and 8 to 18 years in 2012 to 2016, respectively. In total, an estimated 18,422 (95%CrI 12,388 to 26,978) pneumonia-related deaths were prevented from 2009 to 2016 in children aged <19 years. No declines were estimated observed among adults following PCV introduction. This study was mainly limited by coding errors in original data that could have led to a lower impact estimate, and unmeasured factors could also have confounded estimates.

Conclusions
This study found that the introduction of PCV was associated with substantial reduction in all-cause pneumonia deaths in children aged 1 month to <19 years. The model predicted an effect of PCV in age groups who were eligible for vaccination (1 months to 4 years), and an indirect effect in those too old (8 to 18 years) to be vaccinated. These findings support sustaining pneumococcal vaccination to reduce pneumonia-related mortality in children.