bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant splicing in neuroblastoma generates RNA-fusion transcripts and provides vulnerability to spliceosome inhibitors
Authors: Shi Yao , Yuan Juan , Rraklli Vilma , Maxymovitz Eva , Cipullo Miriam , Liu Mingzhi , Li Shuijie , Westerlund Isabelle , Bedoya-Reina Oscar C , Bullova Petra , Rorbach Joanna , Juhlin C Christofer , Stenman Adam , Larsson Catharina , Kogner Per , O’Sullivan Maureen J , Schlisio Susanne , Holmberg Johan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paucity of recurrent mutations has hampered efforts to understand and treat neuroblastoma. Alternative splicing and splicing-dependent RNA-fusions represent mechanisms able to increase the gene product repertoire but their role in neuroblastoma remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate the presence and possible roles of aberrant splicing and splicing-dependent RNA-fusion transcripts in neuroblastoma. In addition, we attend to establish whether the spliceosome can be targeted to treat neuroblastoma. Through analysis of RNA-sequenced neuroblastoma we show that elevated expression of splicing factors is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, we identified &gt;900 primarily intrachromosomal fusions containing canonical splicing sites. Fusions included transcripts from well-known oncogenes, were enriched for proximal genes and in chromosomal regions commonly gained or lost in neuroblastoma. As a proof-of-principle that these fusions can generate altered gene products, we characterized a ZNF451-BAG2 fusion, producing a truncated BAG2-protein which inhibited retinoic acid induced differentiation. Spliceosome inhibition impeded neuroblastoma fusion expression, induced apoptosis and inhibited xenograft tumor growth. Our findings elucidate a splicing-dependent mechanism generating altered gene products in neuroblastoma and show that the spliceosome is a potential target for clinical intervention.
Self-reported pain or injury from equipment used on military deployment
Authors: Runge C E , Moss K M , Dean J A , Waller M J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Information about pain and injury from equipment on a particular deployment is not disaggregated in the literature; thus, the nature of the issue is unclear.

Aims
To determine the prevalence of pain or injury during a particular deployment that military personnel attributed to equipment they used on this deployment; and to document the types of equipment they identified, the type of pain or injury and how they thought the pain or injury occurred.

Methods
This paper analyses data from a deployment and health survey of Australian Defence Force personnel. The participants are 8932 personnel who deployed to Iraq and 6534 who deployed to Afghanistan. Participants indicated whether they experienced pain or injury from equipment they used on deployment and detailed their experiences in response to an open-ended question (n = 563).

Results
Sixteen per cent of Iraq-deployed and 21% of Afghanistan-deployed participants reported pain or injury from equipment they used on deployment. Body armour was the most common equipment identified; however, a wide range of equipment was related to pain or injury. A new finding is that pain or injury related to armour was attributed to its wear in vehicles and during vehicle ingress or egress.

Conclusions
Knowledge of the nature of pain or injury related to equipment used on deployment may help inform improved designs and practices to reduce or prevent avoidable harm to serving personnel.
Covid-19 presentation among symptomatic healthcare workers in Ireland
Authors: O’Sullivan G , Jacob S , Barrett P M , Gallagher J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
It is recognized that healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting Covid-19. It is incumbent on occupational health staff to recognize potential symptoms of Covid-19 among HCWs.

Aims
The aims of the study were to describe the presenting symptoms of HCWs who developed Covid-19 in Ireland, and to estimate the odds of specific symptoms being associated with a positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all symptomatic HCWs who self-presented for Covid-19 testing in Cork from March to May 2020 was conducted. A sex-matched case–control study was carried out to compare presenting features among those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models were run using Stata 15.0 to identify the symptoms associated with positive Covid-19 swab results.

Results
Three hundred and six HCWs were included in the study; 102 cases and 204 controls. Common presenting features among cases were fever/chills (55%), cough (44%) and headache (35%). The symptoms which were significantly associated with a positive Covid-19 swab result were loss of taste/smell (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–108.79), myalgia (aOR 2.36, 95% 1.27–4.38), fatigue (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.12–4.74), headache (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.19–3.74) and fever/chills (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12–3.15).

Conclusions
Fever, fatigue, myalgia, loss of taste/smell and headache were associated with increased odds of a Covid-19 diagnosis among symptomatic self-referred HCWs compared with those had negative swab results. Testing criteria for HCWs should reflect the broad range of possible symptoms of Covid-19.
Tractography-Guided Anterior Capsulotomy for Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Targeting the Emotion Network
Authors: Avecillas-Chasin Josue M , Hurwitz Trevor A , Bogod Nicholas M , Honey Christopher R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Bilateral anterior capsulotomy (BAC) is an effective surgical option for patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). The size of the lesion and its precise dorsal-ventral location within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) remain undefined.

OBJECTIVE
To present a method to identify the trajectories of the associative and limbic white matter pathways within the ALIC for targeting in BAC surgery.

METHODS
Using high-definition tractography, we prospectively tested the feasibility of this method in 2 patients with TRMD and TROCD to tailor the capsulotomy lesion to their limbic pathway.

RESULTS
The trajectories of the associative and limbic pathways were identified in the ALIC of both patients and we targeted the limbic pathways by defining the dorsal limit of the lesion in a way to minimize the damage to the associative pathways. The final lesions were smaller than those that have been previously published. This individualized procedure was associated with long-term benefit in both patients.

CONCLUSION
Tractography-guided capsulotomy is feasible and was associated with long-term benefit in patients with TRMD and TROCD.
Continuous Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Motor Pathways Using Depth Electrodes During Surgical Resection of an Epileptogenic Lesion: A Novel Technique
Authors: Chen Denise F , Willie Jon T , Cabrera David , Bullinger Katie L , Karakis Ioannis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the motor pathways during epilepsy surgery is essential to safely achieve maximal resection of the epileptogenic zone. Motor evoked potential (MEP) recording is usually performed intermittently during resection using a handheld stimulator or continuously through an electrode array placed on the motor cortex. We present a novel variation of continuous MEP acquisition through previously implanted depth electrodes in the perirolandic cortex.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 60-yr-old woman with a history of a left frontal meningioma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II) treated with surgical resection and radiation presented with residual right hemiparesis and refractory epilepsy. Imaging demonstrated a perirolandic lesion with surrounding edema and mass effect in the prior surgical site, suspicious for radiation necrosis versus tumor recurrence. Presurgical electrocorticography (ECoG) with orthogonal, stereotactically implanted depth electrodes (stereoelectroencephalography [SEEG]) of the perirolandic cortex captured seizure onsets from the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (PMC). The patient underwent a left frontal craniotomy for repeat resection and tissue diagnosis. Intraoperative ECoG and MEPs were obtained continuously with direct cortical stimulation through the indwelling SEEG electrodes in the PMC. Maximal resection was achieved with preservation of direct cortical MEPs and without deterioration of her baseline hemiparesis. Biopsy revealed radiation necrosis. At 30-mo follow-up, the patient had only rare seizures (Engel class IIB).

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative cortical MEP acquisition through implanted SEEG electrode arrays is a potentially safe and effective alternative approach to continuously monitor the motor pathways during the resection of a perirolandic epileptogenic lesion, without the need for surgical interruptions.
Why We Should Reject Transhumanists’ Entire Lens on the Mind and Brain
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract“Basic-emotion” and “dual-process” theorists, joined by transhumanists, view the mind as a set of compartments whose functionality is explained by dedicated areas or systems in the brain. The two theoretical approaches reflect core misconceptions and have been supplanted by “appraisal theory.” Beyond capturing well the entwining of reason and emotion in our mental operations, Klaus Scherer’s version of appraisal theory is compatible with mounting evidence of the brain’s complexity. Having developed a scientific line of argument against transhumanists’ lens on the mind and brain, the author turns to Aristotle’s rational essentialism. Wrongly invoked to support transhumanists’ extreme version, Aristotle’s rational essentialism incorporates a necessary role for nonrational faculties and intrapsychic harmony. While transhumanists’ lens on the mind and brain is at odds with contemporary findings, Aristotle’s view of the mind shares important commitments with Scherer’s appraisal theory and is broadly compatible with an emerging picture of the brain’s complexity.
Creating a Higher Breed
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe bulwark of transhumanists’ defense against assertions of common ground between their views and prior eugenics is that it was state managed, while transhumanism features autonomy. That their rejection of substantive ties features this contrast shows their awareness of its pivotal role. When transhumanists distance themselves from eugenic history, Nazi eugenics is typically at the fore. Reference to it does not settle the matter, however, for an investigation of links between transhumanism and Anglo-American eugenics yields important connections that span notions of human agency, views of our mental faculties, utilitarian commitments, and their sociopolitical implications. Careful study of writings from both periods allows one to show how close the parallels between them are on the level of ideas and, in some cases, the very terms of their formulation. Knowledge of these connections casts unsettling light, indeed, on transhumanists’ yearning to realize what they deem perennial human ideals.
Transhumanists’ Informational View of Being and Knowledge
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhat transhumanists see as context-independent truths involving knowledge and reality are actually holdovers from World War II and its aftermath: prior to the 1940s and 1950s, the informational view of reality and knowledge that soon appeared self-evidently true did not exist. The concept of information emerged unscathed by the failure of the earliest attempts to apply information theory to biology, firmly attaching to DNA, and human biology was deemed highly manipulable. Transhumanism channels this perspective on human biology, one that science itself shows increasingly to be outdated. Beyond their problematic informational frame, transhumanists fail to appreciate what it means for us to think or experience anything at all as human beings. Though Immanuel Kant is cited as a backdrop for their focus on humanity’s self-transcendence via rationality, extrapolation from his Critique of Pure Reason shows their confidence that human reason will spur the creation of posthumanity to be irrational.
Living Virtuously as a Regulative Ideal
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTranshumanists accuse their critics of pessimism and defeatism, but they display these attitudes toward humanity itself. Marked improvements in our situation must stem from dedicated efforts to narrow the gap between reflectively affirmed human ideals and their worldly manifestations. Virtue ethics is well poised to serve as an umbrella for these efforts because it concentrates on who we are as people, integrating levels of concern, individual up through civic. A potent way to mobilize people is to tap into what many already care substantially about but whose opportunities for cultivation and expression are constricted as things stand. In the United States, both virtue and core American ideals fit the bill. Recourse to the writings of Martin Luther King Jr. shows that virtue ethics and liberal commitments to justice and equality are compatible. The approach to virtue ethics whose cornerstones the author sketches in this chapter is rooted in Aristotle but adapted to America today.
Introduction
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The engaged and nurturing father has gained cultural traction in a short period of time. The authors argue that socially and economically marginalized fathers have embraced the new normative expectations of the engaged father and have been encouraged to do so through popular culture and the media; in state welfare, child protection, and probation offices; in jails, prisons, and post-release programs, and in child support and family courts. Within these institutions, they have learned that it is up to them to make better choices, to get themselves together, and to be involved fathers. The authors stress, however, that without substantial changes to the economic, political, and social conditions that facilitate engaged and nurturing fatherhood, these fathers are being “set up.” This chapter describes the argument, the characteristics of the 138 fathers and 41 mothers profiled in the book, the social-historical dynamics of inequality in Connecticut, and the organization of the book.
Intimacy, Masculinity, and Relating
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The era of neoliberalism has made it more difficult for low-income men to be fathers, at the same time that the expectations for them to be involved fathers has increased. The norms and expectations of “father involvement” have changed rapidly within one to two generations, and yet the labor force and state institutions have not supported low-income families in a way to achieve this. In this chapter, the authors examine how fathers have adapted to these changing circumstances. They consider how the casualization of the labor force has structured the casualization of family life; the essential and yet complicated role that kin play; the neotraditional formation of the family and the “new father” role; the efforts to father through generational family violence and to address toxic masculinity; and the contours of fatherhood as men age into second-generation fathers.
Conclusion
Authors: Black Timothy , Keyes Sky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The instability that neoliberal capitalism has sewn into the social fabric reaches across social classes, but its most incendiary effects reach deep into the communities, families, and relationships of lower income populations. Fragile fathers are caught in a web of contradictions shaped by the processes of racial and class marginalization. In this concluding chapter, the authors summarize these contradictions. Drawing on policy researchers, they also outline a broad scope of public policies that would be needed to address the adverse conditions for parenting on the social and economic margins. However, in the end, they argue for a movements-based political solution that draws on the theories and ideas of second- and third-generation feminists.
A Team Approach to Teaching Music to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hammel Alice M. , Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Successful inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder into the music classroom depends heavily on the positive relationships formed among general education teachers, music educators, special educators, administrators, paraprofessionals, parents, and students. This chapter includes information regarding learning about students with autism spectrum disorder; establishing relationships with other special educators, therapists, and administrator; establishing relationships with other staff members; participating in meetings (including IEP meetings); understanding how least restrictive environment (LRE) applies to students with autism; and making use of student profiles as data.
Setting the Scene
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The modularity of mind has been understood in various ways, amended as evidence from neuroscience has forced the theory to shed various structural assumptions. Neuroplasticity has, for better or worse, challenged many of the orthodox conceptions of the mind that originally led cognitive scientists to postulate mental modules. Similarly, rapidly accumulating neuroscientific evidence of the reuse or redeployment of neural circuits, revealing the integrated and interactive structure of brain regions, has upset basic assumptions about the relationship of function to structure upon which modularity—not to say neuroscience itself—originally depended. These movements, developments, and cross-currents are the subject of this book. This chapter outlines the basic argument of the book and its motivation.
The Language Module Reconsidered
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There seems to be no language module, no elementary linguistic unit, no hardwired language organ. Language was probably assembled from older sensory-motor and nonlinguistic materials. Neuroimaging, biobehavioral, computational, and evolutionary considerations all point to the same conclusion. Such linguistic adaptations as there have been have been coopted in many other domains of cognition. The sort of cultural environment in which language exists is too unstable to provide the conditions for typical selection scenarios in which robust phenotypes can emerge, and the brain anyway negotiates energetic constraints by repurposing existing resources to meet new challenges. Language acquisition frequently does seem effortless on the child’s part, and exhibits a degree of developmental robustness. But the ease of acquisition has probably been exaggerated, and the child’s environment is not so impoverished as was once assumed. In any case, such ease of acquisition can be explained other than by postulating exotic and impossible-to-evolve circuitry. Language has been shaped by the brain far more than the brain has been shaped by language. Cultural evolution is a powerful factor in human history, and is more than sufficient to explain why languages seem to run so well with the grain of the human mind. It is true that language dissociates from other cognitive skills, at least in some respects, but the Redundancy Model puts this sort of modularization in its proper context.
Summing Up
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
No one denies the brain’s intricacy of structure and function. The debate has always been over what form this complexity takes. The most influential answer to this question for over 60 years—and the most controversial for almost 40—is that the mind is composed of modules. This book offers a clearer, cleaner and far more realistic picture of what that means. It is respectful of advances in psychology and philosophy over the past half century, but is anchored firmly in the neurobiological evidence. It attempts to strike an ideal balance between different approaches to the investigation of the mind/brain.
Mastering the Job Market
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mastering the Job Market: Career Issues for Master’s Level Industrial-Organizational Psychologists is the definitive source for practical advice and data-based recommendations addressing key issues leading to successful careers as industrial-organizational (I-O) master’s practitioners. Both the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the American Psychological Association have reported a bright outlook for I-O master’s graduates. The increased interest in and growth of I-O master’s programs and graduates are attributed to higher visibility in the workplace, readily obtained jobs, interesting work, and great pay. A large nationwide survey of I-O master’s practitioners and their employers lays the foundation for the data-based recommendations throughout the book. Authors from top-ranked I-O master’s programs address topics such as the job search, applying for jobs, on-boarding, organizational roles, salaries, career transitions, and maintaining professionalism throughout one’s career. Critical insights into the nuts and bolts of conducting a job search and other specific strategies are provided to enable job seekers to land one or multiple job offers within six months of graduation. Competencies identified as essential for success as an I-O practitioner include core I-O knowledge and skills, as well as enabling competencies such as oral communication, business acumen, consulting skills, project management, ethics, and technical writing. Mentoring is discussed, and three best practices are recommended for maximizing mentoring relationships. Recommendations are made for professional development opportunities for I-O master’s graduates to increase their knowledge and skills and to advance their careers. Graduates overwhelmingly perceive their I-O master’s degree to be valuable for their career success.
An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology Master’s Careers
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief introduction to field of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, noting the bright outlook for I-O master’s graduates cited by both the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the American Psychological Association. The increased interest in and growth of I-O master’s programs and graduates are attributed to higher visibility in the workplace, readily obtained jobs, interesting work, and great pay. A nationwide survey of I-O master’s graduates and their employers is described, along with key demographics for I-O master’s graduates and their employers. The survey data provide an empirical basis for the remaining chapters in the book, which address key issues leading to successful careers as I-O master’s practitioners.
Preparing for a Career
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses survey data from industrial-organizational (I-O) master’s graduates and their employers to identify essential competencies for success as an I-O practitioner. In addition to core I-O knowledge and skills, I-O graduates and their employers rated enabling competencies of oral communication, business acumen and consulting skills, and project management as most critical. Ethics and business/technical writing likewise were highly rated. By work sector, the top competencies identified by graduates were job analysis (in the government sector), data analysis (in the education sector), project management (in the nonprofit sector), and consulting skills (in the private sector and consulting). It is recommended that students seek I-O master’s programs that develop enabling competencies in addition to domain-specific I-O competencies.