bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDK4-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Promotes Rituximab Resistance in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Via Negative Regulation of MS4A1/CD20
Authors: Jiang Duanfeng , Mo Qiuyu , Sun Xiaoying , Wang Xiaotao , Dong Min , Zhang Guozhen , Chen Fangping , Zhao Qiangqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) heterogeneity promotes the recurrence and anti-CD20-based therapeutic resistance. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that the downregulation of MS4A1/CD20 expression after chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab can lead to rituximab resistance. However, the the mechanisms of CD20-loss remains unknown. Methods: The expression levels of PDK4 were investigated in DLBCL patients and cell lines by RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Lentiviral infection was used to regulate the level of PDK4 in DLBCL cells. The effects of PDK4 on apoptosis, drug sensitivity and proliferation of DLBCL cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as being assessed in a murine model. Cell metabolism was conducted by measurement of glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP levels, ECAR and OCR with corresponding assay kit. Results: Our data showed that PDK4 expression levels elevated significantly in DLBCL cells derived from both the patients and cell lines with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen) resistant. We further found that the overexpression of PDK4 in DLBCL cells can lead to cell proliferation and rituximab resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the loss of PDK4 expression or treatment with the PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate is effective in increasing the rituximab-induced cell apoptosis in DLBCL cells. According to the mechanism studies, PDK4 mediated a metabolic shift that the main energy source was changed from OXPHOS to glycolysis. More importantly, with the knockdown or overexpression of PDK4 in DLBCL cells leads to a reverse MS4A1/CD20 expression. Conclusion: Our data identify a metabolic reprogramming role of PDK4 in rituximab resistance of DLBCL and highlight the unique function of PDK4 as an attractive therapeutic target.
Methodology of optimisation for a nanostructured two-photon absorption photodetector
Authors: Dauphin Maxence , Fix Baptiste , Jaeck Julien , Haïdar Riad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We introduce a 3-step method to optimise a nanostructured photodetector for infrared sensing through non degenerated two-photon absorption (NDTPA). First, the nanostructure is designed to tailor the distribution and concentration of both pump and signal intensities within the absorbing layer, thus leading to a gain in two-photon absorption. Second, the issue of the competition between NDTPA and other sub-bandgap transitions is tackled with a new figure of merit to favor as much as possible NDTPA while minimising other absorption processes. Third, a refined computation of the gain and the figure of merit is done to consider focused beams. Finally, two scenarios based on low power infrared photodetection are investigated to illustrate the flexibility and adaptibility of the method. It is shown that the gain is up to 7 times higher and the figure of merit is up to 20 times higher compared to the literature.
Improvement of Peripheral Nerve Visualization Using a Deep Learning-based MR Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Zochowski Kelly C. , Tan Ek Tsoon , Argentieri Erin C. , Lin Bin , Burge Alissa J. , Queler Sophie C. , Lebel R. Marc , Sneag Darryl B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess a new deep learning-based MR reconstruction method, “DLRecon,” for clinical evaluation of peripheral nerves.Methods: Sixty peripheral nerves were prospectively evaluated in 29 patients (mean age: 49±16 years, 17 female) undergoing standard-of-care (SOC) MR neurography for clinically suspected neuropathy. SOC-MRIs and DLRecon-MRIs were obtained through conventional and DLRecon reconstruction methods, respectively. Two radiologists randomly evaluated blinded images for outer epineurium conspicuity, fascicular architecture visualization, pulsation artifact, ghosting artifact, and bulk motion. Results: DLRecon-MRIs were likely to score better than SOC-MRIs for outer epineurium conspicuity (OR=1.9, p=0.007) and visualization of fasicular architecture (OR=1.8, p<0.001) and were likely to score worse for ghosting (OR=2.8, p=0.004) and pulsation artifacts (OR=1.6, p=0.004). There was substantial to almost-perfect inter-reconstruction method agreement (AC=0.73-1.00) and fair to almost-perfect interrater agreement (AC=0.34-0.86) for all features evaluated. DLRecon-MRI had improved interrater agreement for outer epineurium conspicuity (AC=0.71, substantial agreement) compared to SOC-MRIs (AC=0.34, fair agreement). In >80% of images, the radiologist correctly identified an image as SOC- or DLRecon-MRI.Discussion: Outer epineurium and fasicular architecture conspicuity, two key morphological features critical to evaluating a nerve injury, were improved in DLRecon-MRIs compared to SOC-MRIs. Although pulsation and ghosting artifacts increased in DLRecon images, image interpretation was unaffected.
Land-Use and Climate Drive Shifts in Bombus Assemblage Composition
Authors: Christman Morgan Elizabeth , Spears Lori R , Strange James P , Pearse William D , Burchfield Emily K , Ramirez Ricardo A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ContextPollinators play pivotal roles in maintaining agricultural and natural plant communities, yet some bee populations are declining. The conversion of agricultural and semi-natural lands for urban use has reduced bee abundance and diversity. Meanwhile, climate change has affected bee distributions and led to disruption of plant-pollinator synchrony, impacting ecosystem processes. However, how these factors co-occur to influence bee assemblages is poorly understood.ObjectivesWe linked differences in bumble bee (Bombus) diversity to landscape composition and climate in agroecosystems in order to understand their co-occurring effects.MethodsWe evaluated Bombus assemblages in relation to the proportion of agricultural, semi-natural, and urban landscapes and interannual variation in temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity in Utah agroecosystems from 2014 to 2018.ResultsBombus species richness and diversity was highest in agricultural landscapes characterized by low temperatures and high relative humidity during the growing season, and lowest in urban areas with high temperatures and low relative humidity. Ongoing and future urbanization and climate change may therefore lead to reduced Bombus diversity in Utah. Although some historically uncommon species, such as B. pensylvanicus, may thrive under future land-use and climate scenarios, others (e.g., B. sylvicola, B. californicus, and B. occidentalis) are at increased risk of extirpation due to loss of suitable habitat.ConclusionsContinually monitoring Bombus populations will help document shifts in assemblages and potential consequential impacts to ecosystem services. These findings emphasize that management strategies moving forward should consider the effect of co-occurring factors as opposed to single factors in order to foster future resiliency of Bombus populations.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Adults Under Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: stern jules , Dupuis Claire , Reuter Jean , Vinclair Camille , Para Marylou , Nataf Patrick , Pelletier Anne-Laure , de Montmollin Etienne , Bouadma Lila , Timsit Jean-François , Sonneville Romain 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication in adults treated with veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. We aimed to determine risk factors, prevalence and outcomes associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in adult patients under VA-ECMO.Design. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2014-2017) on consecutive VA-ECMO patients.Setting. Medical and Infectious Disease intensive care unit of university hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard in Paris, France.Patients. UGIB was defined as 1) an overt bleeding (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia), or 2) acute anemia associated with a lesion diagnosed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cause-specific models were used to identify factors associated with UGIB and death, respectively.Measurements and Main Results. 257 patients were included, of whom 48 (19%) were diagnosed with UGIB after a median of 18 [7; 43] days following cannulation; median SAPS II was 59 [43; 76]. 100 (39%) patients were implanted after cardiac surgery. Mortality occurred in 31 (65%) patients with UGIB and 121 (58%) patients without. UGIB patients had longer ICU stays (41 [19; 82] vs. 15 [6; 26]; p<.01), longer ECMO (10.5 [7; 15] vs 6 [3; 10]; p <.01) and mechanical ventilation durations (31 [18; 45] vs. 9 [5; 18]; p <.01) in days, as compared to non-UGIB patients. Ninety-nine upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (UGE) were performed and the most frequent lesions detected were gastro-duodenal ulcers (n=28, 28%), leading to 12/99 therapeutic procedures. Neither antiplatelet therapy prior to ICU admission nor a history of peptic ulcer were associated with UGIB in univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis (table), a BMI (body mass index) > 30 kg/m2 (Cause-specific hazard ratio (CSHR) [95% CI]): 3.06 [1.56; 5.98]), and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) (CSHR 2.34 [1.03; 5.35]) were independently associated with an increased risk of UGIB. Conclusions. In adult patients under VA-ECMO, obesity and ECPR were independently associated with UGIB. This study highlights the potential role of obesity and acute ischemia reperfusion injury in the pathophysiology of VA-ECMO-associated UGIB.
Reducing Rational Polynomial: A Proposition of a Strategy to Deal With Floating Points Numbers Using SVD
Authors: DEEB Ahmad , Belarbi Rafik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present a new strategy to reduce rational polynomial based on the kernel of a linear map defined by the matrix's Sylvester. The strategy does not hold the computation of the Greatest common divisors (GCD) of two polynomials, as other algorithms do, but produce the reduced fraction directly. This strategy was inspired when we consider elements of Padé approximant as a basis is the Proper Generalised Decomposition for solving Partial Differential equation. The algorithm can use the Singular value decomposition technique when dealing with a polynomial with floating-point arithmetic. We compare it with Brown's algorithm in two wedges: multiplication for finite fields and large integers. Results are shown in term of time computation and robustness. The proposed algorithm shows that the time accuracy of computing the reduced fractional is at the same order as the Brown algorithm for finite field and large integers when the GCD of both polynomials has a small degree and an improving when the GCD's degree increase with the degree of polynomials. Also, robustness is more dynamic when arithmetic with the floating-point operation.
Prediction of Hemodynamic Tolerance of Intermittent Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Passos Rogerio da Hora , Ribeiro Juliana Caldas , Ramos Joao Gabriel Rosa , de Melo Erica Batista dos Santos Galvão , Silveira Marcelo Augusto Duarte , Batista Paulo Benigno Pena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The evaluation and management of fluid balance are key challenges when caring for critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). The aim of this study was to assess the ability of clinical judgment and other variables to predict the occurrence of hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) in critically ill patients.Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study involving critically ill patients undergoing IHD. The clinical judgment of hypervolemia was determined by the managing nephrologists and critical care physicians in charge of the patients on the basis of the clinical data used to calculate the ultrafiltration volume and rate for each dialysis treatment.Results: Seventy-nine (31.9%) patients presented with hypotension during IHD. Patients were perceived as being hypervolemic in 109 (43.9%) of the cases by nephrologists and in 107 (43.1%) by intensivists. The agreement between nephrologists and intensivists was weak (kappa =0.561). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.84; P < 0.0001), and a cutoff value of 70 mm for the vascular pedicle width (VPW) had the highest accuracy for the prediction of the absence of hypotension.Conclusions: The clinical judgment of hypervolemia did not predict hypotension during IHD. The high predictive ability of the VPW may assist clinicians with critical thinking.
Genetic Characteristics of Chinese Patients With Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: zhu hui , teng yongliang , Liu Jingyao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of hereditary cerebrovascular disease. Case presentationThree hereditary cerebral hemorrhage cases were analyzed retrospectively. The patients’ families were surveyed, the clinical characteristics summarized, and gene polymorphisms investigated. Among the three cases, two patients had familial cerebral cavernous hemangiomas, and genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the CCM1 gene, with a deletion of base (T) in exon 15 (c.1542delT). This mutation was also found in three family members of one proband who all had a history of cerebrovascular disease, while genetic testing was normal for the proband’s unaffected family member. The last patient had hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Finnish type, and the proband, his mother, and his daughter were found to have a heterozygous G duplicate mutation at position 100 in exon 1 of the GSN gene (c.100dupG). Conclusions﻿Future screening for genetic mutations associated with a high-risk of hereditary cerebral hemorrhage can help identify individuals at risk for this condition and thereby reduce the occurrence and progression of the disease. Such screening will further enhance the precision in preventing and treating cerebrovascular diseases.
Calprotectin in Viral Systemic Infections- COVID-19 Versus Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Toma Letitia , Dodot Mihai , Zgura Anca , Bacalbasa Nicolae , Silaghi Andrei , Simu Razvan , Isac Teodora , Stanciu Adriana Mercan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to evaluate differences in serum and fecal calprotectin in patients with HCV chronic hepatitis and COVID-19 infection and compare them to a control group. MethodsThis observational study was performed between April 2020 and October 2020 in a single Internal Medicine center. We determined serum and fecal calprotectin, as well as levels of transaminases, C-reactive protein, ferritin, in 25 patients with COVID-19 infection, 30 patients with active HCV chronic infection and 38 patients with cured HCV infection. ResultsSerum levels of ALT, AST, C- reactive protein and ferritin were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 infection (mean values of 127 IU/mL, 135 IU/mL, 123 mg/L and 1034 ng/mL respectively) than in patients with active HCV infection (mean values of 68 IU/mL, 51 IU/mL, 17 mg/L and 528 ng/mL respectively ) or in patients with cured HCV infection (37 IU/mL, 29 IU/mL, 3.4 mg/L and 274 ng/mL respectively). Also, serum and fecal calprotectin had increased concentrations in patients with COVID-19 (7.3 µg/mL and 394 µg/mg) versus patients with active hepatitis (2.4 µg/mL and 217 µg/mg) and patients with cured hepatitis (1.2 µg/mL and 38 µg/mg). Values were significantly higher in patients with digestive symptoms related to COVID-19. ConclusionSerum and fecal calprotectin can be used as inflammatory markers in patients with active viral infections. In COVID-19, calprotectin concentrations can be correlated to the severity of disease, particularly in patients with digestive symptoms.
Knowledge and Practices Regarding Early Colostrum Feeding Among Mothers in Erbil Governorate: a Comparative Study
Authors: Abas Madiha M , Hasan Shukir Saleem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: Colostrum is the first breastfeed which is a product by the mother. it has containing high amounts and concentrations of nutrients and antibodies. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted in different areas in Erbil Governorate. During the period started on 2nd Jan. to the end of May. 2019. Non- probability of 400 mothers who delivered their baby by normal vaginal delivery in the hospitals were recruited. A special tool was constructed by researchers, a direct face-to-face interview was adapted. Data were collected and interpreted to the computer. A special SPSS software version 23 was used for analyzing the data, frequency, chi-square, and two tailed t-test statistical analysis was applied for the study.Results: Incorrect knowledge among Erbil city and Koy-Sanjaq city was observed, with better information among Shaqlawa mothers. Poor practices of colostrum feeding among all mothers, and found a statistically significant association between mother’s knowledge, and relay to an association between mothers’ practices. Statistically significant differences were found between Erbil city and Koy-Sanjaq city; between Shaqlawa city and Koy-Sanjaq city concerning mothers’ practices respectively, with non-statistically differences between Erbil and Shaqlawa mothers, also non-statistically significant differences between mothers’ practices in Erbil and Shaqlawa city. There are statistically differences between mothers in Erbil, Koy-Sanjaq, and between Erbil and Shaqlawa with no statistical difference between Koy-Sanjaq and Shaqlawa mothers regarding knowledge. Conclusions: The mothers in Shaqlawa city had better knowledge and all three districts were having poor practices regarding colostrum feeding.
Bone Density and Genomic Analysis Unfold Cold Adaptation Mechanisms of Extinct Inhabitants of Tierra Del Fuego
Authors: Watanabe Mikiko , Risi Renata , Tafuri Mary Anne , Silvestri Valentina , D'Andrea Daniel , Raimondo Domenico , Rea Sandra , Vincenzo Fabio Di , Profico Antonio , Tuccinardi Dario , Sciuto Rosa , Basciani Sabrina , Mariani Stefania , Lubrano Carla , Cinti Saverio , Ottini Laura , Manzi Giorgio , Gnessi Lucio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Fuegians, extinct inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, were an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population capable of living in extreme weather conditions without any adequate clothing, however the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in BAT-expressing modern humans of temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection of their skeletons against major cold-related damage. Our results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of genetic and environmental factors interactions.
Need for additional professional psychosocial and spiritual support in patients with advanced diseases in the course of specialist palliative care – a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Ullrich Anneke , Schulz Holger , Goldbach Sven , Hollburg Wiebke , Rommel Annette , Müller Marten , Kirsch Denise , Kopplin-Förtsch Katrin , Messerer Julia , König Louise , Schulz-Kindermann Frank , Bokemeyer Carsten , Oechsle Karin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: We investigated the need for additional professional support and influencing factors in patients (pts) at initiation and in the course of in- and outpatient specialist palliative care (I-SPC/O-SPC). Methods: Pts entering an urban SPC network consecutively completed questionnaires on psychosocial/spiritual problems and support needs within 72 hours (T0) and within the first 6 weeks (T1) of SPC. Hierarchical linear regression analysis investigated the impact of sociodemographic / clinical variables, psychological / physical burden, social support, and SPC setting on support need. Results: 425 pts (70 years, 48% female, 91% cancer, 67% O-SPC) answered T0, and 167 T1. At T0, main problems were related to transportation, usual activities, and dependency (83-89%). At T1, most prevalent problems were again related to transportation, usual activities, and additionally light housework (82-86%). At T0, support need was highest for transportation, light housework, and usual activities (35-41%). Cross-sectional comparisons of SPC settings revealed higher problem scores in O-SPC at T0 (p=.039), but not at T1. Support need was higher in O-SPC at T0 (p<.001), but lower at T1 (p=.039). Longitudinal analyses showed a decrease of support need scores over time, independent from the SPC setting. At T0, higher distress (p=.047), anxiety/depression (p<.001), physical burden (p<.001) and I-SPC (p<.001), were associated with higher support need scores (at T1 only higher distress; p=.037).Conclusion: Need for additional professional psychosocial/spiritual support was identified in up to 40% of pts with higher need at the beginning of OSPC than of ISPC. During SPC, this need decreased in both settings, but got lower in OSPC than in ISPC over time. Psychosocial/spiritual support need was associated with not only with psychological, but also physical burden.