bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproduction, recruitment, and growth of the Arctic deep‐sea hydroid Bouillonia cornucopia
Authors: Meyer‐Kaiser Kirstin S. , Plowman Caitlin Q. , Soltwedel Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvertebrates in polar and deep‐sea environments that have complex life histories are exposed to unique environmental conditions that may favor non‐pelagic development and K‐strategist reproduction. Although many polar species follow this strategy, the numerically most abundant species tend to have more r‐strategist life‐history characteristics. We deployed artificial substrata over 3 years in the Arctic deep sea and collected hundreds of specimens of the athecate hydroid Bouillonia cornucopia. While this species has previously been described as rare, we report dense, patchy recruitment on artificial substrata, suggesting that B. cornucopia is highly opportunistic. This species has rapid growth compared to other sessile invertebrates in the study area, high fecundity, and continuous reproduction—all characteristics of an r‐selected life history. The species’ gonophores are simple, lacking an obvious spadix or radial canals. We observed nurse cells in histological sections of female gonophores, but no male gonophores were observed. Gonophores break away from the blastostyles in mature specimens and appear to have fertilization envelopes, suggesting that each gonophore is composed of a single oocyte and that embryological development occurs in the water column. Hydroids are typically the first invertebrates to recruit to substrata in the Arctic but are easily overgrown. The opportunistic life histories of B. cornucopia and other hydroids may be adaptive for maintaining populations in the face of high mortality. Our study demonstrates the utility of artificial substrata for collections of otherwise rare opportunistic species.
Letters from the pandemic: Nursing student narratives of change, challenges and thriving at the outset of COVID‐19
Authors: Heilferty Catherine McGeehin , Phillips Lorraine J. , Mathios Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore the experience of third year baccalaureate nursing students during the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignResearch design is a narrative analysis of archived letters written by nursing students in Spring 2020.MethodsLetters and other media were written between 1 April and 20 May 2020. Fifty‐six letters, some with accompanying audio or visual media, were submitted in late May 2020. Approval from the University Institutional Review Board was obtained to explore the letters through narrative analysis (Riessman, 2008). As the letters were considered archival, consent from the students for the analysis was not indicated. Once thematic categories were identified independently, the authors discussed the findings until a list of narrative categories and narrative exemplars were agreed on.ResultsThree main thematic categories were found: stories of change, challenges and thriving.ConclusionFindings were consistent with prior research and reveal new opportunities for understanding the perspectives and needs of undergraduate nursing students during times of crisis. Action by administrators and faculty are recommended.
Promoting resilience for children of parents with opioid use disorder: A pilot study of a directed intervention
Authors: Mechling Brandy M. , Ahern Nancy R. , Palumbo Ruthanne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProblemHaving a parent with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a childhood adverse experience (ACE), magnified by other accompanying ACEs. Outcomes for these children tend to include developing mental illness and/or Substance Use Disorders themselves. Few studies address these children's experiences and needs. Without child‐focused interventions to foster their resilience, generational ramifications of the OUD crisis will persist.MethodsNine children (ages 12–17), in Department of Social Services' custody, participated in this pilot study. The intervention delivered was Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration's Children's Program Kit (CPK): Supportive Education for Children of Addicted Parents. Measures included OUD knowledge pre/posttests and the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS‐2).FindingsFindings from paired‐samples t tests showed a significant increase in youth OUD knowledge from pre to posttest. Affective strength on the parent version (foster parent or social worker's perception of participant) and overall strength index on the youth's version BERS‐2 increased significantly from pre to posttest. Career strength, a separate strength index, showed significant increased scores on both youth and parent BERS‐2 versions pre to posttest.ConclusionsResults support Psychiatric Mental Health nurses to lead development and implementation of interventions, such as the CPK, with a strength‐based approach to promote the knowledge and resilience of these children.
The International Spillovers of the 2010 U.S. Flash Crash
Authors: JANSEN DAVID‐JAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the intraday spillovers of the 2010 U.S. Flash Crash to international equity markets. We document a substantial and almost immediate echo of the crash in Latin America. Using data for 148 firms trading in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, or Mexico, we estimate price declines of up to 10% within minutes after the U.S. crash. Estimates for two different factor models indicate that this echo followed from normal interdependence rather than financial contagion.
Toll‐like receptor 2 activation and up‐regulation by high mobility group box‐1 contribute to post‐operative neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice
Authors: Lin Fei , Shan Weiran , Zheng Yuxin , Pan Linghui , Zuo Zhiyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPost‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 3 and 4 have been implied in the development of POCD. The role of TLR2, a major brain TLR, in POCD is not clear. High mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is a delayed inflammatory mediator and may play a role in POCD. The interaction between HMGB1 and TLRs in the perioperative period is not known. We hypothesize that TLR2 contributes to the development of POCD and that HMGB1 regulates TLR2 for this effect. To test these hypotheses, 6‐ to 8‐week old male mice were subjected to right carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia. CU‐CPT22, a TLR1/TLR2 inhibitor, at 3 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before surgery and 1 day after surgery. Glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 antagonist, at 200 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before surgery. Mice were subjected to Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests from 1 week after surgery. Hippocampus and cerebral cortex were harvested 6 hr or 12 hr after the surgery for Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. There were neuroinflammation and impairment of learning and memory in mice with surgery. Surgery increased the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 but not TLR9 in the brain of CD‐1 male mice. CU‐CPT22 attenuated surgery‐induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Similarly, surgery induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice but not in TLR2−/− mice. TLR2 staining appeared in neurons and microglia. Surgery increased HMGB1 in the cell nuclei of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Glycyrrhizin ameliorated this increase and the increase of TLR2 in the hippocampus after surgery. Surgery also increased the amount of tlr2 DNA precipitated by an anti‐HMGB1 antibody in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that TLR2 contributes to surgery‐induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. HMGB1 up‐regulates TLR2 expression in the hippocampus after surgery to facilitate this contribution. Thus, TLR2 and HMGB1 are potential targets for reducing POCD.
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Multilingualism and climate justice: The role of linguistic diversity in environmental conservation
Authors: Edmonds Rosalie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis commentary examines environmental conservation work as a site of climate (in)justice, drawing from fieldwork at a highly multilingual Cameroonian wildlife sanctuary, as well as prior work on linguistic diversity, language ideologies, and intercultural communication. Across the world, climate justice work is occurring in landscapes that are often linguistically diverse. Alongside indigenous languages, globallingua francas(predominantly (ex)‐colonial languages) play a central role in facilitating communication between government officials, foreign NGO workers and volunteers, and people living in areas undergoing conservation. In these contexts, beliefs about language and communication – as well as unequal access or fluency in particular languages — can serve to magnify racialized and (neo)colonial hierarchies. While work in environmental anthropology has taken an ethnographic approach to understanding conflicts and miscommunication between the different actors involved in environmental conservation, this commentary argues that the methodologies of sociolinguistics and related fields are uniquely situated to examine in detail the interactions, language choices, and ideologies involved in designing and implementing climate justice work, and the impact these have on how this work is carried out.
Environmental variables and dispersal barriers explain broad‐scale variation in tree species composition across Neotropical non‐flooded evergreen forests
Authors: Cupertino‐Eisenlohr Mônica A. , Eisenlohr Pedro V. , Barros‐Rosa Lucas , Oliveira‐Filho Ary Teixeira de , Simon Marcelo F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuestionsWe examined the drivers of tree species variation across Neotropical non‐flooded evergreen forests (NNFEFs) to answer the following questions: can floristic groups be differentiated based on environmental predictors? How do bioclimatic, topographic, edaphic predictors and dispersal barriers contribute to explain the floristic variation throughout NNFEFs?LocationNeotropical region.MethodsBased on 1,843 sites (circular areas with a diameter of 10 km), 15,072 species and 509,793 occurrence records of trees, as well as on environmental variables (42 bioclimatic, 13 edaphic and four topographic variables) and dispersal barriers (based on ecological and geographical dispersal suitability), we tested whether environmental predictive variables can discriminate NNFEF floristic groups, and built canonical models and variation partitioning to assess which variables contributed most to the floristic variation.ResultsDespite extensive overlap in predictive variables, Amazon and Atlantic Forest were the most differentiated among the nine NNFEF groups. Floristic variation along NNFEFs was mainly determined by environmental factors (54.1%), with topographic and edaphic variables, mainly topographic wetness index and pH respectively, representing the most important predictors followed by a combination of environmental factors and dispersal barriers (22.7%). The fraction of pure dispersal barriers also contributed significantly to our model (3.7%), especially considering the second canonical axis.ConclusionsThe high importance of soil and topographic variables indicates that the species have a relatively narrow niche driven by such factors, suggesting that conservation strategies should not be generalized for NNFEFs. In addition, dispersal barriers do not seem to have prevented floristic exchanges between most NNFEF groups, except in the Atlantic Forest.
SNHG1/miR‐186/FUT8 regulates cell migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yanxia , Shi Jun , Zhao Yankun , Lu Zhifang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, lncRNAs are associated with the progression and development of various cancers. We aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA SNHG1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used for measurement of SNHG1 in OSCC cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS kit, and transwell assays. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to clarify the relationship between SNHG1 and miR‐186. SNHG1 was overexpressed in OSCC cells. SNHG1 silencing prevented cell proliferation and increased the incidence of apoptosis, DNA fragments, cleaved‐caspase 3, and Bax protein levels. Cell migration and invasion were reduced after SNHG1 deletion, and MMP2 and MMP9 protein levels were decreased. SNHG1 overexpression promoted cell survival, migration, and invasion, reduced DNA fragments formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SNHG1 could directly bind to miR‐186 and positively regulated α1, 6‐fucosyltransferase (FUT8) level. Functional investigation showed that miR‐186 depletion reversed the roles of SNHG1 silencing in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Taken together, our findings illuminated that SNHG1 regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR‐186 to depress FUT8 expression.
THE EARLIEST BOAT DEPICTION IN NORTHERN EUROPE: NEWLY DISCOVERED EARLY MESOLITHIC ROCK ART AT VALLE, NORTHERN NORWAY
Authors: Gjerde Jan Magne 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe oldest boat depictions in rock art from northern Europe have previously been dated to about 5500–5000 BC. A recent discovery of rock art boat depictions at Valle in Nordland County, northern Norway, made in the ground technique, pre‐dates the earlier known boat depictions by more than 3000 years. The rock art at Valle is dated by shoreline dating to be between 10,000 and 11,000 years old. The find has implications for the rock art material record, is likely to alter current views and have an impact on the research history of rock art in northern Norway. The boat is depicted in outline, life size, measuring more than 4 m in length. The closest parallels are the Arctic skin boats found in the ethnographic record. The settlement record from northernmost Europe during the Early Mesolithic supports a maritime and highly mobile strategy that would require boats and an advanced maritime technology. It would not be possible to settle the numerous islands along the coast without seaworthy boats. The boat find has implications for the appreciation of the maritime colonization of seascapes in northern Norway during the Early Mesolithic, being part of the pioneer settling of northernmost Europe after the Ice Age.
BY INVITATION ONLY. ACCESSIBILITY OF VILLA BATHS IN THE ROMAN NORTH‐WEST
Authors: Maréchal Sadi 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis paper examines how bathhouses of Roman villas in the north‐western part of the Empire can further our understanding of the amount of penetration the Roman cultural sphere had in less urbanised regions. The articulation of these baths to the villa, whether integrated, attached to it or completely freestanding, indicates degrees of accessibility beyond the inhabitants of the house. Rather than being merely private bathrooms for an elite that wished to enjoy the commodities of the city in the countryside, villa baths were social hubs for intra‐elite networking and possibly enabled a form of euergetism towards small rural communities in a landscape otherwise devoid of cities and small civic centres.
Resting electrocardiographic differences in ventricular repolarization between children and young adults with congenital heart disease and those with a structurally normal heart are diminished by exercise
Authors: Kohli Utkarsh , Nayak Hemal M. , Romme Angela G. , Nguyen Hoang H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveExercise‐induced repolarization changes have not been systematically evaluated in children and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). We carried out this study to assess the QTc responses during exercise in children and young adults (≤ 21 years) with CHD with comparison to those with structurally normal hearts.MethodsBaseline QRS duration, calculated baseline QTc, QTc at 4 min of recovery and delta QTc was measured in 360 exercise stress tests which were performed in 360 subjects (137 stress tests in patients with CHD [CHD group] and 223 stress tests in patients with structurally normal hearts). The effects of presence of CHD and potential confounders on primary outcome measure, change in QTc (delta QTc), and secondary outcome measures (QTc at baseline and QTc at 4 min of recovery) were determined using multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe baseline QTc and the QTc at 4 min of recovery in the CHD group was longer than patients with structurally normal hearts (respective p values = .00 and .001). No significant difference was noted in delta QTc between the CHD and structurally normal heart groups.ConclusionsWhile patients with CHD had a longer QRS duration and QTc interval at baseline than those with structurally normal hearts, these differences did not persist or augment with exercise.
Delayed diagnosis of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency in three patients with prominent skin findings
Authors: Cadieux‐Dion Maxime , Gannon Jennifer , Newell Brandon , Nopper Amy Jo , Jenkins Janda , Heese Bryce , Saunders Carol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHolocarboxylase deficiency (HLCSD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in HLCS and is associated with poor feeding, emesis, lethargy, seizures, life‐threatening metabolic acidosis, and hyperammonemia. Skin involvement in HLCSD is typically described as scaly, erythrodermic, seborrhea‐like, or ichthyosiform, but there is a paucity of reports. We report three patients, including two siblings, with HLCSD and significant cutaneous manifestations including ichthyosiform dermatitis and a presentation with features of annular pustular psoriasis. In this report, we show that persistent, unexplained rash, even in the absence of other clinical findings, should warrant consideration and potential workup for HLCSD.
Progression from youth to professional soccer: A longitudinal study of successful and unsuccessful academy graduates
Authors: Dugdale James H. , Sanders Dajo , Myers Tony , Williams A. Mark , Hunter Angus M. 
Published: April 2021

To optimize use of available resources, professional academies develop strategies to assess, monitor, and evaluate players as they progress through adolescence toward adulthood. However, few published reports exist using longitudinal study designs to examine performance throughout adolescence and the transition from youth to professional soccer. We examined differences in the age of player recruitment alongside longitudinal performance differences on field‐based fitness tests of successful vs. unsuccessful graduates across the entire age spectrum recruited by a professional soccer academy. Altogether, 537 youth soccer players volunteered to participate. We recorded the age of recruitment, biannual fitness test performance, and subsequent success in attaining a senior professional contract at the club across a period of 12 years. Only 53 (10%) of players were successful in obtaining a professional contract, with 68% of players who became professional being recruited at 12 years of age or older. Individuals recruited at an earlier age did not display a higher probability of success in attaining a professional contract. Bayesian regression models reported a consistent interaction between age and group for data on all performance measures. Moreover, “successful” academy graduates only physically outperformed their “unsuccessful” counterparts from age ~13‐14 years onward, with either no differences in performance, or performance on physical fitness tests favoring “unsuccessful” players prior to this age. Findings suggest that high achievers during childhood and early adolescence may not develop into successful senior professionals, raising concerns about the predictive utility of talent identification models.
Longitudinal changes in maximal oxygen uptake in adolescent girls and boys with different training backgrounds
Authors: Landgraff Hege Wilson , Riiser Amund , Lihagen Maren , Skei Marius , Leirstein Svein , Hallén Jostein 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high‐volume endurance training on the development of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in physically active boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 15 years, using a longitudinal design. The children participated in organized training in sports clubs for an average of 7‐10 hours per week, with one group undertaking a high volume of endurance training (~7 hours per week; End boys, n = 23 and End girls, n = 17) and the other group having a primary focus on technical and tactical skill development, undertaking low volumes of endurance training (~1.6 hours per week; non‐End boys, n = 29 and non‐End girls, n = 9). VO2max and anthropometrics were assessed at age 12, 13, and 15. At age 12, VO2max was 58.9 (5.6), 65.5 (7.2), 56.5 (6.5), and 58.8 (7.9) mL·kg−1·min−1 in End girls, End boys, non‐End girls, and non‐End boys, respectively. Over the three years, there was no difference between the training groups in the development of VO2max independent of scaling. In boys, VO2max relative to body mass (BM) did not change from age 12 to 15, while VO2max tended to decrease relative to fat‐free mass (FFM). In girls, VO2max relative to BM decreased slightly from age 12 to 15, with no changes over the years relative to FFM. The present longitudinal study suggests that in growing active children during puberty, high volumes of systematic endurance training do not have an additional effect on VO2max compared with similar volume of training mainly aiming at developing motor skills.
Oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus is attributed to interferon regulation in canine mammary cancer cell lines
Authors: Santos Mariana Rodrigues , Xavier Pedro Luiz Porfírio , Pires Pedro Ratto Lisboa , Rochetti Arina Lázaro , Rosim Daniele Fernanda , Scagion Guilherme Pereira , de Campos Zuccari Debora Aparecida Pires , Munir Muhammad , Ferreira Helena Lage , Fukumasu Heidge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCanine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is one of the major health threats in dogs. The oncolytic virotherapy is a promising strategy to treat canine as well as human cancer patients with non‐pathogenic replicating viruses. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of one lentogenic, non‐lytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota strain expressing GFP (NDV‐GFP) on five different CMCs and one non‐tumorigenic cell line, regarding cell viability, cell death, selectivity index, morphology, global and target gene expression analysis. As evidenced by the selectivity index, all CMC cell lines were more susceptible to NDV‐GFP in comparison with the non‐tumorigenic cells (~3.1× to ~78.7×). In addition, the oncolytic effect of NDV‐GFP was more evident in more malignant CMC cells. Also, we observed an inverse association of the IFN pathway expression and the susceptibility to NDV. The downregulated genes in NDV‐GFP‐sensitive cells were functionally enriched for antiviral mechanisms by interferon and immune system pathways, demonstrating that these mechanisms are the most prominent for oncolysis by NDV. To our knowledge, this is the first description of oncolysis by an NDV strain in canine mammary cancer cells. We also demonstrated specific molecular pathways related to NDV susceptibility in these cancer cells, opening the possibility to use NDV as a therapeutic‐targeted option for more malignant CMCs. Therefore, these results urge for more studies using oncolytic NDVs, especially considering genetic editing to improve efficacy in dogs.