bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomographic Analysis of Aortic Arch Branching Patterns - Revisited
Authors: Kodikara Iroshani , Gamage Dhanusha , De Soyza Sampath , Ilayperuma Isurani 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background /ObjectivesBranching pattern of aortic arch (AA) has a direct impact on the outcome of thoracic surgical and angiographic procedures. Geographical variations in the branching pattern of AA has been described. Hence, this descriptive cross sectional study describes the AA variations in a Sri Lankan population compared to the available global statistics.MethodsContrast-enhanced computed tomographic studies (CTC) of thorax (n=219) performed in males (49.3%) and females (50.7%); aged 59±17 years (range: 4 to 96 years), were evaluated. Branching patterns of AA were categorized into seven types as described by Popieluszko et al.ResultsFour AA types were identified in the study population: Type 1 (90%; n=197), Type 2 (n=10, 4.6%), Type 3 (n=8, 3.7%) and Type 6 AA (n=4; 1.8%). The prevalence of AA variations was 10%. Type 1 was the most prevalent pattern in both genders: female-91%; males-88.9%. The most prevalent AA variant in females was Type 2 (n=6; 5.4%); males Type 3 (n=5; 4.6%). However, the branching pattern of AA has not demonstrated a significant gender influence (Odds: 0.792; 95% CI: 0.327 - 1.917; p=0.605). ConclusionVariations in branching pattern of AA is as high as 10% among Sri Lankans. Thus, an in-depth knowledge on population specific prevalence of AA variants would influence the modifications surgical approaches and the choice of angiographic catheters to be utilized, which in turn, would minimize inadvertent vascular injuries during thoracic surgical and angiographic interventions.
Gait Analysis of Patients With a Rotating Hinge Knee Prosthesis After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ohmi Takehiro , Yamada Takumi , Misaki Sadaya , Tazawa Tomohiro , Shimamura Ryota , Kato Junpei , Sugimoto Kazutaka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background/Objective: The number of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures performed worldwide is increasing. The rotating hinge knee type (RHK) is used for revision TKA. There has been no report on motion analysis of patients with RHK prosthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the kinetics and kinematics during gait in patients who underwent revision TKA with an RHK prosthesis.Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. The patients who underwent revision TKA with an RHK prosthesis (R-RHK; 14 patients, 24 knees), those who underwent unilateral primary TKA with a cruciate-retaining (CR) type prosthesis (uniCR; five patients, 5 knees), and those who underwent bilateral primary TKA with a CR type prosthesis (bilCR; 10 patients, 20 knees) were included. Their comfortable gait was analyzed. Spatiotemporal parameters and knee joint angle and moment were calculated. The knee joint angle and tibia translation were compared among the three groups using analysis of variance and a post-hoc Tukey test. The knee adduction moment was compared between groups by analysis of covariance controlling for gait speed.Results: Gait speed of the R-RHK group was significantly less than that of the other groups. The knee joint angle, knee adduction moment, and tibia translation were not different between the R-RHK, uniCR, and bilCR groups during gait and at the beginning of the stance phase.Conclusions: The gait of patients undergoing revision surgery using an RHK prosthesis because of aseptic loosening may have the same biomechanics as that of patients undergoing primary TKA using a different type of prosthesis.
Mitigation of Cyanide From Coke Plant Wastewater Using Chemical Oxidation Process
Authors: Mondal Amit , Saha Priyanka , Sarkar Supriya , Nair Udayabhanu G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biological treatment with a stable activated sludge process, followed by chemical treatment is one of the potential and accepted cyanide treatment process for coke plant waste water treatment. Biologically treated coke plant wastewater contains free cyanide above permissible limit. Presently chemical treatment with NaOCl is being used to attenuate free cyanide below permissible limit in biologically treated water. This process increases the TDS and colour content in discharge water. Ca(OCl)2 can be used as an alternative to NaOCl for cyanide remediation in biologically treated coke plant waste water without increasing TDS. In the present work, cyanide removal efficiency of NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 for real coke plant waste water after biological treatment has been studied. Optimisation of chemical dosage, treatment time and pH has been done for Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl treatment. It was found that up to 90% of free cyanide removal could be achieved through Ca(OCl)2 treatment without increasing the TDS value. In addition, more than 50% colour of the waste water has been removed. pH elevation step required in NaOCl treatment can be eliminated in Ca(OCl)2 treatment, thereby reducing caustic consumption. In conclusion, use of Ca(OCl)2 is economically more viable than that of NaOCl in cyanide treatment.
Highly-efficient Isolation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nanocellulose From Sun Flower Seeds Waste via Environmentally Benign “soft” Method
Authors: Akatan Kydyrmolla , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Kuanyshbekov Tilek , Ibraeva Zhanar , Battalova Ainur , KS Joshy , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The main focus of this study was to introduce a natural microcrystalline cellulosic raw material source from the residue of sunflower seeds, after oil extraction. For this purpose, the conventional method of organosolvent oxidation was changed to a "soft" method where microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from sunflower seed husk (SFH) and the characterization of MCC and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were carefully carried out. In this method, the concentration of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide required for the preparation of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) was reduced by two times. The physico-chemical characterization, particle size, optical properties, chemical and crystal structure, surface morphology, and thermal stability of MCC and CNC were studied. The FTIR analysis, revealed the structural similarity of all derivatives of cellulose. Surface morphology was monitored with SEM, and the surface of MCC fibers was rough, and the morphology of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was fine, smooth and rod-like (overlapping each other) appearance, CNC film surface was found to be brown was filled with nano fibrils. The XRD analysis and determination of average particle size revealed that the MCC had a CI of 72.9%, a coherent scattering length (CSL) of 2.9 nm, and an average particle size of 1971 nm along the fibers, and a width of 266 nm. The acid hydrolysis resulted in the reduction of length of CNCs by 4 times and the width was reduced about 5 times. At the same time there observed an increase in the crystallinity index (CI) value. It was found that cellulose materials were destroyed at temperatures between 200ₒС and 358ₒС. Overall, it was concluded that sunflower seed husk was considered as a potential source for CNCs and the method employed for the extraction of cellulose from agricultural biomass waste was cost effective and environmentally benign.
Association of Thiol–disulfide Homeostasis with Retinal Layer Thickness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bilginer Muhammet Cuneyt , Tam Abbas Ali , Ogmen Berna Evranos , Guler Bagdagul Yuksel , Ugurlu Nagihan , Yulek Fatma , Erel Ozcan , Topaloglu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Çakir Bekir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early changes in retinal layer thickness and thiol–disulfide homeostasis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials-Methods: There were 69 patients with T2DM (61 patients without retinopathy, 8 patients with retinopathy) and 21 healthy controls. In patients without retinopathy, 31 of the patients had a disease duration under 10 years, 30 of the patients had a disease duration over 10 years. Retinal layer thickness of the right eye was measured using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Results: Patients with T2DM and healthy controls had mean ages of 48.40 ± 8.25 years and 45.94 ± 7.32 years, respectively. The ganglion cell layer and retinal pigment epithelium thicknesses were significantly lesser in patients without diabetic retinopathy than those in the control group. In patients without diabetic retinopathy and with a disease duration of under 10 years, there was a negative correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (µm) and disulphide/total thiol ratio, between the inner nuclear layer thickness (µm) and disulphide/native thiol ratio as well as disulphide/total thiol ratio (r= −0.376, p= 0.037; r= −0.356, p= 0.050; r= −0.380, p= 0.035, respectively) and positive correlation between the INL thickness (µm) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (r= 0.359, p= 0.047).Conclusion: Early changes in retinal layers in patients with DM were associated with thiol–disulfide homeostasis. Administration of therapeutic supplements may aid in the management of low thiol concentrations; this increases the importance of the study findings.
Design of a Novel Optical Sensor for the Detection of Waterborne Bacteria Based on a Photonic Crystal with an Ultra-High Sensitivity
Authors: Daher Malek G. , Taya Sofyan A. , Colak Ilhami , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Today, detecting processes of waterborne bacteria in drinking water is a global challenge because these bacteria can lead to dangerous diseases to the human body. In this paper, we have developed a new sensor for the detection of waterborne bacteria based on a one-dimensional (1D) defective binary photonic crystal. The defect layer is taken as a water sample located in the middle of the photonic crystal structure. A resonant peak is then created within the photonic bandgap. The sensing mechanism of the proposed detector is based on the refractive index difference between pure water and waterborne bacteria samples. This index change leads to a shift in the resonant peak position in the transmission spectrum. The effects of many parameters, such as incident angle, defect layer thickness, thicknesses of periodic layers and the number of periods on the sensitivity are investigated. At the optimum conditions, the proposed sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 3639.53 nm/RIU which is ultra-high compared with recently published biosensor papers. The proposed design could distinguish between the different types of waterborne bacteria although the minute difference between their refractive indices. In addition to that, it has a simple design so that it can be easily fabricated.
Accuracy of the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium model among women with LCIS
Authors: Eroglu Idil , Sevilimedu Varadan , Park Anna , King Tari A , Pilewskie Melissa L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model predicts risk of invasive breast cancer risk based on age, race, family history, breast density, and history of benign breast disease, including lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). However, validation studies for this model included few women with LCIS. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of the BCSC model among this cohort. MethodsWomen with LCIS diagnosed between 1983 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The BCSC score was calculated; those with prior breast cancer, unknown breast density, aged <35 or >74 or history of chemoprevention use were excluded. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate incidence rates. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to analyze the discriminative capacity of the model. Results1302 women with LCIS were included. At a median follow-up of 7 years, 152 women (12%) developed invasive cancer (6 with bilateral disease). Cumulative incidences of invasive breast cancer were 7.1% (95% CI 5.6, 8.7) and 13.3% (95% CI 10.9,15.6), respectively, and the median BCSC risk scores were 4.9 and 10.4, respectively, at 5 and 10 years. The median 10year BCSC score was significantly lower than the 10-year Tyrer-Cuzick score (10.4 vs 20.8, p<0.001). The ROC curve scores (AUC) for BCSC at 5 and 10 years were 0.59 (95% CI 0.52, 0.66) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.52, 0.64), respectively. ConclusionThe BCSC model has moderate accuracy in predicting invasive breast cancer risk among women with LCIS with fair discrimination for risk prediction between individuals.
Glycerol Esterification for Triacetin Production using Fe3O4@SiO2@PO43- as Heterogeneous Magnetic Catalyst
Authors: Ali Amjad , Abida Km , Jindal Ritika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To facilitate the magnetic separation, phosphate group is embedded onto silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to prepare Fe3O4@SiO2@PO43− solid catalyst for the glycerol esterification with acetic acid. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating magnetic spectroscopy (VSM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Fe3O4@SiO2@PO43− magnetic catalyst during the glycerol esterification with acetic acid was found to demonstrate excellent glycerol conversion levels (97 %) while retaining 92 % triacetin selectivity. The plausible mechanism of glycerol esterification suggests the initiation of the reaction by the protonation of the acetic acid. The catalyst was recovered from the reaction mixture under the influence of external magnetic field and reused during 4 consecutive reaction cycles.
Health Professionals’ Preferences With the Use of Pegfilgrastim On-Body Injector At Oncology Centers in 8 Cities in Colombia.
Authors: Larrarte-Gonzalez Maria Alejandra , Pineda-Posada Mariana , Gaitan Alvaro , Amaya-Amaya Jenny , Ojeda Kelman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Febrile neutropenia associated with some chemotherapy regimens can lead to potentially fatal complications and high health care costs. Administration of Pegfilgrastim 27 hours after chemotherapy, using an On-Body Injector (OBI), may be more convenient for cancer patients and physicians. This study aims to describe physician and nurse preferences regarding options for administration of Pegfilgrastim at cancer centers, the demographics of the study population and characteristics of participating cancer centers. We aim to determine the conditions and chemotherapy schemes for which Pegfilgrastim is most frequently prescribed.
Methods

Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study and survey, conducted between 2019 and 2020. It included 60 participants who were contacted and surveyed via telephone.
Results

Information from 60 participants was analyzed. It was found that 35% of the respondents are haemato-oncologists, oncologists or hematologists, 30% general practitioners, and 35% are other healthcare professionals (i.e., nurse, oncology nurse and head nurse). 48.02% of professionals give priority to the use of OBI to treat patients at home; among the reasons for this choice the patient's transportation limitations and the release of the nursing staff to attend to another patient in the patient's absence stand out.
Conclusions

The present study is the first one in Colombia that sought the preferences of healthcare professionals with the use of Neulastim (OBI) compared to pre-filled syringes for the administration of Pegfilgrastim. Our results suggest OBI is the preferred alternative by most HCPs and a good resource optimization strategy in the context of cancer patients’ health care in Colombia.
Effects of Pilot-Scale Co-Composting of Gentamicin Mycelial Residue with Rice Chaff on Gentamicin Degradation, Compost Maturity and Microbial Community Dynamics
Authors: Bu Wenjing , Wan Junfeng , Zhang Huimin , Liu Nan , Wang Ke , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose It is challenging to treat and manage gentamicin mycelial residue (GMR) due to the high residual antibiotic content in GMR. The objective of this study is aimed to investigate the viability of recycling GMR by co-composting with rice chaff, describe the dynamics of the physicochemical and biology parameters and microbial community, and evaluate the maturity of the compost products. Methods The co-composting process applied was a pilot-scale composting process under the conditions found outside the laboratory. Three 1-tonne piles of fresh GMR were composted in each treatment; test treatment contained rich chaff and the control did not. Dried GMR was made by drying fresh GMR. Three compost treatments were as follows: (1) no rice chaff, 8:1 weight/weight fresh GMR-to-dried GMR (CK); (2) 8:1 weight/weight fresh GMR-to-rice chaff (T1); and (3) 4:1 weight/weight fresh GMR-to-rice chaff (T2). The raw materials were made into three compost cones of 2 m diameter and 1.5 m height.Results The optimal fresh GMR:rice chaff ratio (w/w) was 4:1. Over 99% of gentamicin was degraded after 73 days of co-composting. The key parameters of the final products, such as the pH, C/N ratio, germination index and crop growth indexes, all met the national standards for compost maturity indicators. Compared with those of fungi, the abundance and diversity of bacteria obviously increased during co-composting. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed that the bacterial community dynamics were closely correlated with the amount of residual gentamicin. Micromonospora and Enterococcus may have been the key microorganisms degrading the gentamicin.Conclusion The addition of rice chaff improved the decomposition of gentamicin residue in the GMR and made the GMR usable in fertilizer; this result could help antibiotic production factories recycle more of their waste products. The results provide new insight into the potential for co-composting with rice chaff to achieve sustainable GMR management.
Investigation of The Influence of Halogens, Cycloalkanes, Carbonyls and the Hydroxyl Groups on The Reactivity of 1, 3-Butadienes With Imine Dienophile: Insight From DFT, MEDT, and QTAIM
Authors: Asogwa Fredrick , Louis Hitler , Kenthurky Dollars I. , Enudi Obieze C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The presence of nitrogen atom either on the diene or the dienophile structure gives rise to aza or imino-Diels-Alder reactions (DARs). Among hetero-DARs, imino-dienophiles yields numerous functionalized compounds with numerous biological activities including but not limited to antifungal, antibacterial and enzymatic properties. Density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP functional at the 6-31+G (d, p) basis set along with topological studies (QTAIM) were used for the investigation of 10 different (SD1-SD10) DARs which differ in the nature of substituents groups attached to the diene molecule. The study indicates higher electron density and stronger interaction for substituted dienes with the cycloalkanes, furan, carbonyl, and -OH groups. It was observed in the HOMO-LUMO energy differences that the bulky groups; SD3, SD4, and SD6 had destabilization energy of -7.86 and 0.09, -7.88 and 0.10 and -7.50 and -0.014 eV respectively in their HOMO and LUMO levels while the halogen substituted dienes SD1, SD2, and SD5 had -8.20 and -0.32, -8.31 and -0.34 and -8.19 and -0.20 eV respectively. The study showed that synthesis of hetero-nuclear aza-cyclohexene is achieved faster with furan substituent of energy gap 7.534 eV and molecular hardness of 3.677 compared to 7.799 (SD7) -8.100 eV (SD8) and 3.899 (SD7) - 4.050 (SD8) respectively scored by other substituents noting that smaller energy gap leads to higher reactivity. HCOCH3 (SD8) retarded the rate of the reaction by about 58% (unspontaneous) following the calculated Gibb’s free energy of activation while SD6 in the ELF analysis showed complete covalent character against other cycloalkanes that showed dual characteristics of a double and single bond between N-C at their transition states.
Hypoconnectivity networks in schizophrenia patients: a voxelwise meta-analysis of rs-fMRI
Authors: Ruiz-Torras Silvia , Fernández-Vazquez Oscar , Cañete-Massé Cristina , Peró-Cebollero Maribel , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the last few years, the field of brain connectivity has focused on identifying biomarkers to describe different health states and to discriminate between patients and healthy controls through the characterization of brain networks. A particularly interesting case, because of the symptoms' severity, is the work done with samples of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis aims to identify connectivity networks with different activation patterns between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Therefore, we collected primary studies exploring whole brain connectivity by functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy people. Thus, we identified 25 high-quality studies that included a total of 1285 people with schizophrenia and 1279 healthy controls. The results indicate hypoactivation in the right precentral gyrus and in the left superior temporal gyrus of people with schizophrenia compared with the control group. These regions have been linked to deficits in gesticulation and the experience of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. A study of heterogeneity demonstrated that the effect size was influenced by the sample size and type of analysis. These results imply new contributions to the knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia both clinically and in research.
Effects of Intraspecific Density on Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Petiolata) Sinigrin Concentration
Authors: Harris Mercedes , Cousins Elsa , Stinson Kristina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The production of secondary defense chemicals in plants represents a trade-off between defense and the primary functions of growth and reproduction, but the relative allocation to growth versus defense varies across species, types of defenses, ontogeny, and environment. Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is a brassica that produces glucosinolates, a class of constituent secondary metabolites that defend against herbivores and pathogens. Sinigrin, a hydrolyzed product of glucosinolate present in garlic mustard, may aid in its success as an invasive species by disrupting native plant–mycorrhizae mutualisms and decreasing forest species diversity in North America. Here, we measured sinigrin concentration in garlic mustard populations of different field densities and in greenhouse experiments to evaluate the relationship between sinigrin concentration and growth in response to density and varying environmental conditions. We found clear evidence for growth vs. defense tradeoffs in both experimental and field settings, as well as higher levels of defense in more densely growing, smaller individual plants. However, sinigrin levels and tradeoffs were not explained by soil fertility or light, allowing us to conclude that sinigrin expression is not controlled by limitations in the measured abiotic factors. Our findings suggest sinigrin leaf concentration increases at high densities despite the pressures of intraspecific competition that demand allocation to growth.