bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization, Whole-Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Three H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Domestic Ducks at Live Poultry Markets of Iran, 2017: First Report
Authors: Abtin Alireza , Shoushtari Abdolhamid , Pourbakhsh Seyed Ali , Mehrabadi MohammadHossein Fallah , Pourtaghi Hadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Avian influenza type A viruses (AIV) can infect a broad range of hosts including human and birds, making them an important viral pathogen with zoonotic potential. Among birds, ducks are a known reservoir for many avian viruses including the AIV. During migration seasons in Iran, this bird species is generally at a high risk of being infected by free-living aquatic birds. In this study, 962 cloacal swabs were collected from domestic ducks at several live poultry markets (LPMs) of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran in the year 2017. Preliminary assays such as HI, NI, MDT, ICPI and RT-qPCR suggested that 0.5% of the birds were infected by H3 low pathogenic influenza viruses (LPAI). Three isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. The cleavage site of the HA genes showed a PEKQTR/GLF motif, an indicator of LPAI. Furthermore, BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the HA gene showed high homology to the Eurasian lineage of H3N8 AIV (95.5–97.1% to several European and East Asian isolates). However, the NA genes showed high homology (at most 96.5–96.9%) to those belonging to AIV N2 subtype. Furthermore, internal genes showed high homology (96–98%) to a variety of duck-origin subtypes and glycoprotein combinations, which were different for each segment. This showed a complex reassortment between different subtypes. Our report is the first whole genome sequencing and complete characterization of H3N2 AIV from Iran. Such surveillance should continue to study the evolution and possible emergence of viruses with pandemic potential.
Polyphasic Taxonomy of Four Passalora-like Taxa Occurring on Fruit and Forest Trees
Authors: Bakhshi Mounes , Zare Rasoul , Braun Uwe , Taheri Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot diseases on a broad variety of plants throughout the world. During our investigations exploring cercosporoid fungi associated with leaf spot symptoms of fruit and forest trees in northern and north-western Iran, several passalora-like infections were isolated from symptomatic leaves of different trees belonging to the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae. A polyphasic taxonomic approach by applying molecular data, morphological features and host data, was employed to identify the isolates. In a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and RPB2), these isolates clustered in four clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The revealed taxa encompass Paracercosporidium microsorum on Tilia platyphyllos, Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae gen. et. sp. nov. on Gleditsia caspica, Pruniphilomyces circumscissus on Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus, and Sirosporium celtidis on Celtis australis. The new genus Prathigadoides and its type species Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae are molecularly distinct from all phylogenetically related genera, and some characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia differs from those of the morphologically similar species Prathigada condensata on the North America Gleditsia triacanthos.
Edge function in patchy mussel bed habitats: variation across nearby rocky shore sites
Authors: Soria Sabrina Andrea , Gutiérrez Jorge Luis , Gonzalez Juliana Andrea , Callá Sofía Luz , Palomo María Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mussels form dense three-dimensional beds that serve as habitat to other species. In rocky shores, these beds are often interspersed by gaps due to patchy dislodgement/mortality caused by the action of waves, predators, and/or extreme temperatures. Although mussel patches and gaps are known to support distinctive invertebrate communities, variations in invertebrate habitat function between the interior and edges of mussel patches and gaps were not yet examined. Here, we evaluated variations in habitat properties and invertebrate composition between the edge and interior of mussel (Brachidontes rodriguezii) patches and gaps at three rocky shore sites in the Southwestern Atlantic. Our results indicate that the interior and edge of mussel patches differ in terms of mussel size and density (i.e., a surrogate of habitat structure) and the amount of sediments they accumulate. However, this does not directly translate into consistent differences on temperature, desiccation, and invertebrate composition across sites. As it concerns to gaps, we generally observed increased limpet (Siphonaria lesonii) densities at their edges, which suggests that they encounter favourable conditions by the perimeter of mussel patches. The lack of consistent edge effects on the invertebrates of mussel patches suggests that their species composition would remain largely unaffected by expected increases in gap and edge habitat formation due to ongoing increases in the frequency and magnitude of storms and heat waves. Yet, if increased availability of edge habitats leads to increased overall density of limpets in these rocky shores, then changes could be expected in algal production, composition, and dynamics.
Documenting Plans for Care: Advance Care Directives and the 7-Step Pathway in the Acute Care Context
Authors: Crawford Gregory Brian , Hodgetts Katherine Susan , Burgess Teresa , Eliott Jaklin Ardath 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Advance care planning (ACP) involves the discussion and documentation of an individual’s values and preferences to guide their future healthcare should they lose capacity to make or communicate treatment decisions. ACP can involve the individual’s completion of an Advance Care Directive (ACD), a legislated and common-law instrument which may include appointment of a substitute decision-maker and binding refusals of treatment. In South Australia, ACDs intersect in the acute-care context with the Resuscitation Plan 7-Step Pathway (7-SP), an integrated care plan written for and by clinicians, designed to organise and improve patients’ end-of-life care through the use of structured documentation. Here, we examine the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HPs) within a hospital setting on the practical integration of ACDs and the 7-SP, exploring the perceived role, function, and value of each as they intersect to guide end-of-life care in an Australian hospital setting.
Methods

Qualitative data were collected via eight focus groups with a total of 74 HPs (palliative care, acute care, and oncology specialists; medical intern; general and emergency nurses; social workers) across two hospitals. Audio recordings were transcribed and thematically analysed.
Results

HPs viewed ACDs as a potentially valuable means of promoting patient autonomy, but as rarely completed and poorly integrated into hospital systems. Conversely, the process and documentation of the 7-SP was perceived as providing clarity about clinicians’ responsibilities, and as a well-understood, integrated resource. Participants sometimes exhibited uncertainty around which document takes precedence if both were present. Sometimes, the routinisation of the 7-SP meant it was understood as the ‘only way’ to determine patient wishes and provide optimal end-of-life care. When this occurs, the perceived authority of ACDs, or of patients’ choice not to participate in end-of-life discussions, may be undermined.
Conclusions

The intersection of ACDs and the 7-SP appears problematic within acute care. Clinicians’ uncertainty as to whether an ACD or 7-SP takes precedence, and when it should do so, suggests a need for further clarity and training on the roles of these documents in guiding clinical practice, the legislative context within which specific documentation is embedded, and the dynamics associated with collaborative decision-making in end-of-life care.
Nitrogen Sources in Spineless Cactus-Based Diets for Sheep in Finishing
Authors: Ferraz Lucíola Vilarim , Pessoa Ricardo Alexandre Silva , Milanês Tarlan Oliveira , Maciel Maria Inês Sucupira , Suassuna Juraci Marcos Alves , Santos Kelly Cristina dos , Cardoso Daniel Barros , Júnior Dorgival Morais de Lima , Véras Antonia Sherlânea Chaves , de Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different sources of nitrogen [soybean meal (SM); cottonseed meal (CM); cottonseed + urea (CU); and urea (U)] associated with spineless cactus on intake, digestibility, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of confined lambs. Forty male Santa Inês sheep, uncastrated, with initial body weight of 23.00 ± 1.66 kg were distributed in random blocks design and slaughtered after 58 days of confinement. Dry matter (DM) intake (1.16 ± 0.19 kg/day) did not differ (P > 0.05) between nitrogen sources, but the intake of crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was lower (P < 0.05) for sheep consuming CU. Sheep fed with diets containing U had lower digestibility of DM, CP and NFC (P < 0.05). The average daily gain (0.15 ± 0.04 kg/day) and the slaughter body weight (32.07 ± 2.86 kg) did not differ between nitrogen sources, but the cold carcass and loin weight was lower (P < 0.05) for sheep fed with U. The water retention capacity and meat protein content were greater (P < 0.05) for animals fed with SM. Soybean meal or cottonseed meal associated with spineless cactus-based diets for sheep meat production are recommended because it allows greater DM digestibilityand improves carcass characteristics and physicochemical composition of the meat.
Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Medication Adherence Among People Living with HIV in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana.
Authors: Adu Collins , Mensah Kofi Akohene , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Minta Anita Yeboah , Tetteh Andrews William 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Medication adherence plays a great role in the survival of people living with HIV globally. In Ghana, there is a considerable decline in the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, however, the number of people on antiretroviral therapy keeps adding up. We assessed the socio-demographic factors associated with medication adherence among people living with HIV in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Method A quantitative study using descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out among 420 people living with HIV (PLHIV) accessing healthcare at Kumasi South Regional Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on medication adherence and socio-demographic factors influencing medication adherence. Analyses of the data were done using Excel version 2013 and Stata version 14.2. The descriptive data were presented using frequencies and percentages. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the association between socio-demographic factors and adherence to medication among people living with HIV. Statistical significance for all testing was set as p<0.05. Results About 69 out of 100 PLHIV accessing healthcare at Kumasi South Regional Hospital adhered to their medication. Socio-demographic factors such as age and monthly disposable income were established to be influencing medication adherence among PLHIV. For instance, PLHIV aged more than 41 (aOR=12.67; CI= 1.36-118.11) were more likely to adhere to medication as compared to those aged 18-23. Also, PLHIV who earned less than GH₵500 (aOR=2.18; CI= 1.05-4.50) were more likely to adhere to medication as compared to those who earned more than GH₵1,000. Conclusion Majority of PLHIV adhered to their medication. Therefore, policy makers such as Ghana AIDS Commission, Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service, and National AIDS Control Programme should consider factors such as socio-demographic factors when designing and implementing programmes on medication adherence among PLHIV.
SWB MIMO Antenna with Dual Band Rejection Characteristics and Polarization Diversity for UWB Applications
Authors: Bahmanzadeh Faezeh , Mohajeri Farzad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper a super wide band 2-element MIMO antenna with dual band-notched characteristics and high isolation is presented for use in broadband polarization diversity communication systems. Total dimensions of the fabricated antenna is 34 × 60 mm2 and achieves a super wide impedance matching of more than 15 GHz from 2.3 to 18 GHz due to the simulated and measured results which covers L, S, C, X, Ku bands and some parts of K band with two notched frequency bands around 3.1 – 3.7 GHz for WiMAX and 5.1 – 5.8 GHz for WLAN which realized by etching two half-wavelength elliptic single complementary split-ring resonators (ESCSRRs) of different dimensions on the radiating patches. This antenna comprises two identical elements which placed orthogonally to each other and fed by two 50Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines, therefore an isolation of more than 20 dB is obtained autonomously without utilizing any other special technique. Diversity performance in terms of envelop correlation coefficient (ECC< 0.0035), multiplexing efficiency (ηmux > -1 dB) and diversity gain (DG > 9.99 dB) are also calculated, showing satisfactory MIMO characteristics.
Can the Number of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Specimens Detected be an Alternative Quality Indicator to the Blood Culture Contamination Rate?
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Mezaki Kazuhisa , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequent contaminating bacteria; hence, we aimed to investigate an indicator of CoNS to predict the increase in blood culture contamination rate (ConR).Methods: We performed a retrospective study of selected patients who underwent blood culture testing.Results: Cases with CoNS-positive blood cultures correlated with ConR (r=0.85). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the number of cases with ConR ≥ 2.5 did not differ statistically from that of the number of cases contaminated by CoNS. Conclusion: The number of CoNS-positive cases could help predict an increase in ConR ≥2.5.
Social and Psychosocial Factors Affecting Eating Habits Among University Students in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alolabi Homam , Alchallah Mhd Obai , Mohsen Fatema , Marrawi Marah , Alourfi Zaynab 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Syrian eating habits are trending towards westernized patterns that are high in carbohydrates, fats, and meat. This accompanied by an increasingly sedentary lifestyle has affected young adults’ dietary habits. As a consequence, obesity and overweight young adults are significantly increasing in prevalence. This study aims to assess the pattern of eating habits and their relation with psychosocial factors among university students. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with eating habits and psychological factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian Private University students using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, and psychosocial factors. Hierarchical multivariate linear regression was used to obtain factors associated significantly with eating habit score and psychological factors.Results: Of 728 students included in the study 398 (54.7%) were females. Overweight and obese participants represented 154 (21.4%) and 49 (6.8%) respectively. 316 (43.4%) were smokers and 135 (18.5%) drank alcohol. Only 233 (32%) and 306 (42%) had meals and breakfast regularly respectively. Participants’ mean total of eating habits was 5.96 (SD ± 1.95). Multivariate analysis revealed smoking, exercising, living with family, and “eat because of feeling happy” were factors significantly associated with eating habits score and psychological factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: Most of the students demonstrated healthy eating habits. The identified socio-demographic factors associated with eating habits can be used to provide lifestyle modification advice via health promotion programs targeted at these specific groups.
TGF-β1 is Involved in Senescence-Related Pathways in Glomerular Endothelial Cells by p16 Translocation and p21 Induction.
Authors: Ueda Sayo , Tominaga Tatsuya , Ochi Arisa , Sakurai Akiko , Nishimura Kenji , Shibata Eriko , Wakino Shu , Tamaki Masanori , Nagai Kojiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
p16 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and regulating senescence-mediated arrest as well as p21. The expression of p16 has been evaluated in human kidney diseases. However, the regulation of p16 nuclear translocation has yet to be fully investigated. TGF-β1 is well-known to be one of the major cytokines in developing kidney diseases. TGF-β1 can upregulate p21 expression and be involved in the process of senescence. In contrast, the relationship between TGF-β1 and p16 has been poorly investigated. Here, we report the role of TGF-β1-Smad3 pathway to regulate the p16 behavior in glomerular endothelial cells. To clarify the role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of p16, we analyzed podocyte-specific TGF-β1 overexpression mice. In glomeruli, p16 was found in the nuclei of glomerular endothelial cells, leading to endothelial cellular senescence. However, the expression level of p16 was not increased in glomeruli. In cultured endothelial cells, TGF-β1 induced nuclear translocation of p16 without the increase in p16 expression. Among human glomerular diseases, p16 was detected in the nuclei of endothelial cells. In summary, we could show the novel role of podocyte TGF-β1 in the management of p16 behavior and cellular senescence in glomeruli, which has clinical relevance for human glomerular diseases.
Phenotypic Plasticity and a New Small Molecule are Involved in a Fungal-bacterial Interaction
Authors: Andrade-Domínguez Andrés , Trejo-Hernández Abigail , Vargas-Lagunas Carmen , Encarnación-Guevara Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been extensively studied in the context of interactions with their host plants; however, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity of these microorganisms in nonmutualistic interactions with other eukaryotes. A dual-species coculture model was developed by using the plant symbiotic bacterium Rhizobium etli and the well-studied eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tractable system to explore the molecular mechanisms used by R. etli in nonmutual interactions. Here, we show that the fungus promotes the growth of the bacterium and that together, these organisms form a mixed biofilm whose biomass is ~ 3 times greater and is more structured than that of either single-species biofilm. We found that these biofilm traits are dependent on a symbiotic plasmid encoding elements involved in the phenotypic plasticity of the bacterium and on the production of a small molecule secreted by the fungal cells. These results show that investigating interactions between species that do not naturally coexist (new encounters) is a new approach to discover gene functions and specialized metabolites in model organisms.
Prognostic Value of Metabolic Activity of the Psoas Muscle Evaluated By Preoperative 18 F- FDG PET-CT in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Keunyoung , Kim In-Ju , Pak Kyoungjune , Kang Taewoo , Seol Young Mi , Choi Young Jin , Kim Hyojeong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolic activity of the psoas muscle measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography to predict treatment outcomes in patients with resectable breast cancer.Methods: The medical records of 288 patients who had undergone surgical resection for stages I–III invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between January 2014 and December 2014 in Pusan National University Hospital were reviewed. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the bilateral psoas muscle were normalized using the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmax was calculated as the ratio of the maximum SUV of the average bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmean was calculated as the ratio of the averaged bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver.Results: Univariate analyses identified a higher T stage, higher N stage, estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, triple-negative breast cancer, mastectomy (rather than breast-conserving surgery), SUVRmean > 0.464, and SUVRmax > 0.565 as significant adverse factors for progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that N3 stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.347, P = 0.031) was an independent factor for recurrence. An SUVRmax > 0.565 (HR = 4.987, P = 0.050) seemed to have a correlation with shorter PFS.Conclusions: A higher SUVRmax of the psoas muscle, which could be a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, showed strong potential as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with resectable breast cancer.
Novel Similarity Measures, Entropy of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and their Application in Software Quality Evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thao , Chou Shuo Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), including member and nonmember functions, have many applications in managing uncertain information. The similarity measures of IFSs proposed to represent the similarity between different types of sensitive fuzzy information. However, some existing similarity measures do not meet the axioms of similarity. Moreover, in some cases, they could not be applied appropriately. In this study, we proposed some novel similarity measures of IFSs constructed by combining the exponential function of membership functions and the negative function of non-membership functions. In this paper, we also proposed a new entropy measure as a stepping stone to calculate the weights of the criteria in the proposed multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model. The similarity measures used to rank alternatives in the model. Finally, we used this MCDM model to evaluate the quality of software projects.