bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Diagnosis Delay on Lung Tuberculosis Patient in Porong Primary Health Care, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fidiandra Muhammad Bagus , Budiono Budiono , Soedarsono Soedarsono 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The duration of diagnosis delay in tuberculosis (TB) control strategy is one of the problems in TB control program. There are a lot of adverse effects, such as increasing the risk of people to become more prone to TB transmission, infectivity period, and worsening the patient’s condition that can furthermore increase the mortality and morbidity numbers. This study aimed to analyze the delay behavior in the society, specifically in Porong, East Java. Methods: The respondents filled a questionnaire, the answer was crosschecked and complemented with the medical record on the clinic. The data collected then were analyzed with binary logistic regression using SPSS.Results: From the total of 22 samples in this study, 11 of them were classified to be delayed (patients checked their symptoms 2 weeks after the symptoms started to appear). Some factors that might have an effect on the patient’s delay were education level, the patient’s knowledge about TB, and occupation that lead to the patient’s business. Meanwhile, factors like age, gender, and the distance between the patient’s house and the health facility might have an insignificant effect.Conclusion: Duration of patient delay contributed significantly to the duration of diagnosis delay, with the median duration of 29 days. Meanwhile, the duration of system delay that was found only ranging at 0-3 days. In this study, however, evidence of the independent factors might have an effect on the patient’s tendencies to delay treatment that had not yet proven by statistical analysis.
An Enhanced Microfine Cement Design for Special Squeeze Applications
Authors: Khaja Mohammad , Raturi Sushil , Dutta Abhijit , Haddad Hassan , Singh Rajeev , Kunchur Basavaraj , Hussain Khadar , Nasir Husain , Ahmed Mustafa , Shamali Musaed Al , Rockwood Jene , Barsoum Victor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new and enhanced microfine cement system is presented in this paper which can be used in challenging cement squeeze applications.
There are numerous cement squeeze jobs conducted during workover operations every year within the State of Kuwait to prevent water influx. A very common challenge encountered during these applications is either low or no injectivity scenarios. Conventional cement slurries at 15.8-lb/gal density have more often than not resulted in failures while performing post job positive and negative pressure tests, even when the pressure tests are repeated multiple times. These failures can often be attributed to the fact that effective squeezing is not possible due to the larger cement particle size across a limited number of perforations due to early bridging of the cement. Similarly, conventional microfine cement systems which have also been used in these applications have had only limited success.
To overcome these challenges, an improved and enhanced microfine cement design has been developed which is able to obtain higher compressive strengths at lower slurry densities (e.g. 12.5 to 13.0 lb/gal) versus the 15.8-lb/gal conventional slurries. This microfine cement design can be further modified to be used in high, low, and zero injectivity scenarios. It possesses several unique features including thixotropic, expansion, anti-gas migration, and strength retrogression properties. Initial field trials of the system have been very successful.
The application of conventional microfine slurry systems in low injectivity scenarios is relatively common in the industry; however the enhanced microfine slurry design can be utilized in a variety of injectivity scenarios, or even in loss situations across perforations, casing leaks, or across the casing shoe.
The new microfine cement slurry design has the potential of avoiding multiple squeeze jobs by achieving successful positive and negative pressure test results in a minimum number of attempts.
High-throughput low-cost DNA sequencing using surface-coating technology
Authors: Qin Yanzhe , Koehler Stephan , Zhao Shengming , Mai Ruibin , Liu Zhuo , Lu Hao , Xing Chengmei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The speed, expense and throughput of genomic sequencing impose limitations on its use for time-sensitive acute applications, such as rare or antibiotic resistant infections, and large-scale testing that is necessary for population-wide source-tracing, as in the COVID-19 pandemic. A major bottleneck for increasing throughput and decreasing operating costs of next-generation sequencers (NGS) is the flow cell that supplies reagents for the biochemical processes; this subsystem has not significantly improved since 2005. Here we report a new method for sourcing reagents based on surface coating technology (SCT): the DNA adhered onto a biochip that is directly contacted by a reagent-coated polymeric strip. Compared with flow cells, reagent layers are an order of magnitude thinner while both the reagent exchange rate and biochip area are orders of magnitude greater. For whole genome sequencing (WGS), these improvements reduce turn-around time from days to twelve hours, reduce cost from about $1000 to $15, and increase data throughput by orders of magnitude. This makes NGS more affordable than many blood tests while rapidly providing detailed genomic information about microbial and viral pathogens, cancers and genetic disorders for targeted treatments and personalized medicine. The resulting data can be pooled in population-wide databases for accelerated research and development as well for providing detailed real-time data for tracking and containing pandemic outbreaks.
The SToICAL Trial: Study Protocol for the Soft Tissue Injection of Corticosteroid and Local Aneasthetic Trial – A Single Site, Non-Inferiority Randomised Control Trial Evaluating Pain After Soft Tissue Corticosteroid Injections with and without Local Anaesthetic
Authors: Jones Matt , Evans Jonathan , Gozzard Charles , Fullilove Sue , Doyle Edmund 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCorticosteroid injections are used in the treatment of hand and wrist conditions. The co-administration of a local anaesthetic and corticosteroid aims to reduce pain after the injection, although no studies have directly compared this with using corticosteroid alone. The aim is to determine whether pain experienced during the 24 hours after a corticosteroid injection to the hand and wrist is no worse than (not inferior to) the pain experienced after a corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection. MethodsA single site, patient and assessor blinded, non-inferiority randomised control trial recording pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in patients with a clinical diagnosis of trigger finger, de Quervains tenosynovitis or carpal tunnel syndrome, treated with a 1ml Triamcinolone (40mg/1ml) injection co-administered with or without 1ml of 1% Lidocaine. The primary aim is to investigate a difference in pain VAS scores at 1-hour after the injection using a mean change score.A 95% power calculation was made using a minimally clinical important difference of 20mm as the clinically admissible margin of non-inferiority and an assumed standard deviation of 25mm, from previous studies. Including a 20% fall out rate, 100 patients are required. DiscussionPatients with a clinical diagnosis of trigger finger, de Quervains and carpal tunnel syndrome, are over the age 18 years old and who are able to give written informed consent will be included. Patients will be excluded if they have had previous surgery or corticosteroid injection for the condition being treated at the site considered for injection.Patients will be electronically randomised and injections delivered during their clinic appointment. Pain is assessed using a 100mm VAS score taken; before and at the time of injection, and at 5-minutes, 1-hour, 2-hours, 3-hours and 24-hours after the injection. The secondary outcomes are to determine a difference in pain VAS score at the time of injection and during the 24-hours after.Trial registrationThis study is registered on the IRAS (259336) on November 11, 2019 and EudraCT database on October 31, 2019 (2019-003742-32). REC/HRA approval was given in January 2020 and Clinical Trial Authorisation from the MHRA was given in December 2019. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04253457) on February 5, 2020.(https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04253457?term=stoical+study&draw=2&rank=1)
Efficiency of Donepezil in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery Due To Underlying Post-Operative cognitive Dysfunction: Study Protocol for A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Huichen , Cong Lu , Chen Yi , Chen Shaoyi , Chen Lingke , Huang Zhenling , Zhou Jie , Xiao Jie , Huang Yonglei , Su Diansan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an overarching term used to describe cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or post-operative period. After surgical operations, older patients are particularly vulnerable to memory disturbances and other types of cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of POCD remains unclear and no confirmed preventable or treatment strategy avilable. Our previous study demonstrated that the concentration of choline acetyl transferase in the cerebral spinal fliud was a predictive factor of POCD, and donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which was used in clinical for the treatment of alzheimer's disease can prevent the learning and memory impairment after anesthesia/surgery in aged mice. This study aimed to determine the critical role of donepezil in preventing cognitive impairment in elder patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Methods

A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial will be performed to assess the efficacy of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Participants (n = 360) will receive donepezil (5 mg once daily) or placebo from 1 day prior to surgery until 5 days after surgery. Neuropsychological tests will be measured at 1 day before the operation and 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after the operation.
Discussion

This research project mainly aimed to study the effects of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery due to underlying POCD and to investigate the underlying physiological and neurobiological mechanisms of these effects. The results may provide important implications for the development of effective interfering strategies, specifically regarding cognitive dysfunction therapy using drugs.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04423276. Registered on 14 June 2020.
Physicochemical interaction with faecal bacteria in characterisation of beach water quality, Gulf of Guinea, Ghana
Authors: Akita Lailah Gifty , Laudien Juegen , Biney Charles , Akrong Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Human activities such as industrial and agricultural waste discharges directly in the coastal areas increasingly contribute to pollution in coastal waters of Western Africa. The study employed physicochemical and faecal analysis to understand water pollution along the coast of Ghana. The physicochemical parameter such as temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved oxygen saturation, total dissolved solids, and redox potential) were measured in situ while water samples were collected determination of total suspended solids, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and faecal bacteria. The abundance of total coliforms (4061.6 ± 4159.14 CFU/100 ml water), Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the beaches. The high amount of faecal bacteria suggest microbial contamination, possible ecosystem, and health risks to water resource users. This baseline study provides evidence of coastal water contamination to improve beach water quality standards to ensure safe environmental health.
Conceptualising a Socially Resilient Multi-Dimensional Framework for Bottom-Up Evaluation of Community Participation Mechanism in a Watershed Management Space
Authors: Mahanta Bhabesh , KUMAR SARMA ARUP , KUMAR KAKOTY SASHINDRA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In any integrated watershed management programme (IWMP), community participation is indispensable. The success of the community participation mechanism (CPM) correlates positively with IWMP accomplishment. However, unlike watershed success evaluation, CPM, in practice, is seldom evaluated, nor is there a theoretical framework developed to baseline such assessment from stakeholders' perspective. This paper conceptualises a socially resilient community participation evaluation framework (CPEF) for bottom-up evaluation of watershed CPM to bridge this knowledge gap. For identifying various critical domains and variables for CPEF from a socio-hydrological perspective, we studied Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and IWMP programme policies and literature. Based on crucial watershed management actions, we built two constructs for the framework: (1) organisational - consisting of 36 organisational actions (OAs) in 10 domains of organisational management and (2) managerial – consisting of 46 critical management actions (CMAs) in 8 domains of management practices usually carried out in watershed space. This framework was verified in the IWMP areas of Brahmaputra valley in Assam, India. We applied a stratified structured questionnaire survey method to collect opinions of randomly sampled participants from three group of IWMP stakeholders' in four IWMP projects. We employed relevant statistical tests for analysing primary field data to obtain the most appealing set of community actions for the final CPEF. The results present an overview of the current state of CPM and a set of excludable actions. This evaluation framework methodology can be utilised to gauge community participation endeavour and improve cooperation, system redirection, and goal articulation in watershed space worldwide.
The Control of Crystal Structure and Mechanical Property in Regenerated Cellulose Film by Coagulation Conditions
Authors: Kawano Tessei , Iikubo Satoshi , Andou Yoshito 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cellulose films regenerated from aqueous alkali-urea solution possess different properties depending on coagulation conditions. However, the correlation between coagulant species and properties of regenerated cellulose (RC) films has not been clarified yet. In this study, RC films were prepared from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under several coagulation conditions. Cellulose dissolved in aqueous LiOH/urea solution was regenerated using various solvents at ambient temperature to investigate the effects of their polarity on the properties of RC film. The crystal structure, mechanical properties, and surface morphology of prepared RC films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tester, and atomic probe microscopy (AFM), respectively. It is revealed that the preferential orientation of (110) and (020) crystal planes, which are formed by intra- and inter-hydrogen bonding in cellulose crystal regions, changed depending on coagulant species. Furthermore, we found out that tensile strength, elongation at break, and crystal structure properties of RC film strongly correlate to the dielectric constant of solvents used for coagulation process. This work, therefore, would be able to provide an indicator to control the properties of RC film depending on its application and to develop the detailed research on controlling the crystal structure of cellulose.
Comparison of The Procedure Time Differences Between the Hybrid Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and The Conventional Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Patients with Early Gastric neoplasms: A Study Protocol for A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Hybrid-G Trial)
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Ihara Eikichi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Sumida Yorinobu , Haraguchi Kazuhiro , Takahashi Shunsuke , Iwasa Tsutomu , Nakano Kayoko , Wada Masafumi , Somada Shinichi , Minoda Yosuke , Ogino Haruei , Tagawa Koshiro , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely accepted as a local treatment for gastrointestinal tract tumors. Recently, hybrid ESD (H-ESD) has been applied to colorectal neoplasms as a simplified endoscopic procedure. However, it is unclear whether H-ESD is superior to conventional ESD (C-ESD) for patients with early gastric neoplasms (EGN). In this trial, we will compare the treatment outcomes of H-ESD and C-ESD. We hypothesize that the procedure time for H-ESD is shorter than that for C-ESD.Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial to be conducted beginning in August 2020 at nine institutions in Japan. We will determine if H-ESD is superior to C-ESD in terms of procedure time in patients with EGN diagnosed as macroscopically intramucosal (T1a) differentiated carcinoma ≤ 20 mm in diameter without ulcerative findings according to current Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines. A total of 82 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the C-ESD or H-ESD group. The primary outcome is ESD procedure time. Secondary outcomes include time and speed of each part of the ESD procedure, en bloc resection, complete resection, curability, adverse events related to the ESD procedure, extent of dissection before snaring, volume of injection solution, number and time of hemostasis, thickness of the submucosal layer in the resected specimen, and handover to another operator. The stated sample size was determined based on the primary outcome. According to a previous report comparing the procedure times of C-ESD and H-ESD, we hypothesized that H-ESD would provide a 0.2 reduction in logarithmically concerted procedure time (-37%). We estimated that a total of 82 participants were needed to reach a power of 80% for a t-test with a significance level of 0.05 and a 10% dropout. Discussion: This trial will provide high-quality data on the benefits and risks of H-ESD for EGN patients. The results of this study could lead to improved outcomes in patients with EGN undergoing ESD. The results will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR Identifier, UMIN000041244; Registered on July 29, 2020.
L-Phenylalanine Applications and Culture Duration Affect Root Growth and Production of Tropane Alkaloids and Phenolics in Adventitious Root Cultures of Hyoscyamus Niger L.
Authors: DEMIRCI Tunhan , Albayrak İlknur , Baydar Nilgün Göktürk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of L-phenylalanine (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM L-Phe) applied to adventitious root cultures for different culture durations on root growth and production of tropane alkaloids and phenolics in Hyoscyamus niger. For this purpose, adventitious roots obtained from petiole explants of in vitro seedlings were used as plant materials. After adventitious roots were cultured in liquid MS medium, L-Phe was applied to the adventitious roots. Then the roots were harvested on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day of the applications, fresh and dry root weights, root growth indexes were analysed. It was also examined the contents of tropane alkaloids (hyoscyamine and scopolamine) and phenolics (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, vanillin, cinnamic acid, rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric, o-coumaric acid, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin) by HPLC in both adventitious roots and culture medium. As a result, the greatest root growth values were obtained from the roots harvested on the 3rd and 7th days after 0.50 and 1.00 mM L-Phe applications. The maximum scopolamine and hyoscyamine amounts were detected in the cultures with the application of 0.50 mM L-Phe for 3 days. In terms of phenolics, 0.50 mM and 1.00 mM L-Phe application with 1st and 3rd days were selected as the most appropriate L-Phe applications and culture duration. Consequently, it has been determined that in vitro secondary metabolite production may be increased in H. niger root cultures with the selection of appropriate L-Phe concentrations and culture durations.
Globally Consistent Assessment of Coastal Eutrophication
Authors: Maúre Elígio , Terauchi Genki , Ishizaka Joji , Clinton Nicholas , DeWitt Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Eutrophication associated with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading is an emerging global concern. Often, eutrophication is concomitant with negative impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Nevertheless, the impacts and the extent of eutrophication are limited to regions with dedicated monitoring programmes. Here we introduce the Global Eutrophication Watch, the first global and interactive assessment map of coastal eutrophication potential (CEP). It is constructed on Google Earth Engine and it evaluates temporal trends in satellite chlorophyll-a (CHL), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, to devise a global map of CEP. Our analyses suggest that, globally, coastal waters (depth ≤200 m) covering ~1.15 million km2 are eutrophic potential. We found that waters associated with CHL increasing trends—those with potential for further deterioration of water quality—are twofold higher than those showing signs of recovery. The tool effectively identified areas of known eutrophication with severe symptoms, such as dead zones, as well as those with limited to no information of the eutrophication. Our tool introduces the prospect for a consistent global assessment of eutrophication trends with major implications for monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This work contributes to the application of Earth Observations in support of SDGs.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and characteristics of post-infection immunity in a general population cohort study in Catalonia, Spain.
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Moncunill Gemma , Espinosa Ana , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Jiménez Alfons , Vidal Marta , Santano Rebeca , Barrios Diana , Puyol Laura , Carreras Anna , Mayer Leonie , Rubio Rocío , Cortés Beatriz , Pleguezuelos Vanessa , O'Callaghan-Gordo Cristina , Fossati Serena , Rivas Ioar , Casabonne Delphine , Vrijheid Martine , Izquierdo Luis , Aguilar Ruth , Basagaña Xavier , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , de Cid Rafael , Dobaño Carlota , Kogevinas Manolis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sparse data exist on the complex natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. We applied a well-validated multiplex serology test in 5000 participants of a general population study in Catalonia in blood samples collected from end June to mid November 2020. Based on responses to fifteen isotype-antigen combinations, we detected a seroprevalence of 18.1% in adults (n=4740), and modeled extrapolation to the general population of Catalonia indicated a 15.3% seroprevalence. Antibodies persistedup to 9 months after infection. Immune profiling of infected individuals revealed that with increasing severity of infection (asymptomatic, 1-3 symptoms, ≥4 symptoms, admitted to hospital/ICU), seroresponses were more robust and rich with a shift towardsIgG over IgA and anti-spike over anti-nucleocapsid responses. Among seropositive participants, lower antibody levels were observed for those ≥60 years vs <60 years old and smokers vs non-smokers. Overweight/obese participants vs normal weight had higher antibody levels. Adolescents (13-15 years old) (n=260) showed aseroprevalence of 11.5%, were less likely to be tested seropositive compared to their parentsand had dominant anti-spike rather than anti-nucleocapside IgG responses. Our study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.