bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and process optimization studies for the effective removal of cresyl fast violet dye using reusable nanosized mullite
Authors: Fouad Omar A. , Adly Yara M. , Hosny Wafaa M. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Mostafa Maysa R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe swift rise of hazardous dye effluent from diverse sectors continues to be a severe public health problem and a top priority for environmental preservation, presenting a significant obstacle to the current conventional water treatment systems. This study aims to develop an efficient and reusable approach for removing cresyl fast violet dye using mullite nanoparticles. Some factors such as pH, nano-mullite dosage, agitation speed, time, and others that affect the removal process were studied. The mullite nanoparticles’ shape, particle size, pore diameters, and crystal phase structure are characterized using many techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Contact angle, Zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optimal conditions were pH 7 and 600 rpm for 30 min at room temperature. Using statistical programs such as ANOVA and Design Expert, the dye removal parameters were modeled and optimized, where the removal percentage was about 99%. In addition, the experimental elimination process exceeded 90% after just 10 min. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Kaganer-Raduskevich (DKR), and Temkin isotherm equations were examined to find the adsorption isotherm. The experimental data fits the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic investigations confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The nano-mullite was employed for the removal process, and its recycling ability supports its economic benefits. It was found that the high percentage of elimination remained consistent for more than 3 cycles.
Modulating cytokine microenvironment during T cell activation induces protective RSV-specific lung resident memory T cells in early life in mice
Authors: Wang Ziyin , Zhong Miko , Thomas Chubicka , Kinnear Ekaterina , Rice Tom , Holder Beth , Kampmann Beate , Tregoning John S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaternal immunisation against respiratory viruses provides protection in early life, but as antibodies wane, there can be a gap in coverage. This immunity gap might be filled by inducing pathogen-specific lung tissue-resident T cells (TRM). However, the neonatal mouse lung has a different inflammatory environment to the adult lung which affects T cell recruitment. We compared the factors affecting viral-specific TRM recruitment in the lungs of adult or neonatal mice. In contrast to adulthood, we demonstrated that RSV or influenza infection in neonatal mice recruited fewer TRM to the lungs. This was associated with reduced lung levels of CCL5 and CXCL10. Co-administration of CCL5 or CXCL10 at the time of primary T cell activation significantly increased RSV-specific TRM in the lung, protecting mice upon reinfection. These chemokine differences were reflected in responses to infection in human cord blood. Here we show a critical role for CCL5 and CXCL10 in the induction of lung TRM and a possible strategy for boosting responses.
Temperature rise characteristics of C5F10O/CO2 gas mixture AC high voltage switch bus
Authors: Cui Zhaoxuan , Lin Xin , Li Xiaolong , Xia Yalong , Geng Zhenxin , Xu Jianyuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractC5F10O/CO2 gas mixture is one of the most promising alternatives to SF6 as an insulating gas in high‐voltage switchgear. As a key performance index in product design, the temperature rise characteristics are rarely reported. In this paper, the thermodynamic parameters of C5F10O/CO2 gas mixture were calculated first. Then, the calculation model of transient temperature rise was constructed for a 252 kV/3150 A bus, and a temperature rise experimental platform was built to verify the reliability of the proposed calculation model. On this basis, the influence of different factors such as load current, charging pressure, mixing ratio, and structure size on the temperature rise of the bus was further analysed, and it is found that increasing the charging pressure and the mixing ratio of C5F10O could effectively reduce the bus temperature rise but it still could not reach the level of SF6. The main structure size that affects the temperature rise of the bus is the outer diameter of the conductor, which increases by 10.2%, and the temperature rise is the same as that of the original SF6 bus. Finally, a high‐precision bus temperature rise surrogate model, which combined with the Latin hypercube model, the coefficient of prognosis, and the Kriging fitting method was established to facilitate the structural design.
Utilizing Lateral Sprouting Axons to Reinnervate a Transferred Free Muscle to Enhance Distal Muscle Recovery When Performing High-Level Nerve Repair: Experimental Rat Study
Authors: Tsao Chung-Kan , Jung Shih-Ming , Chuang David Chwei-Chin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background High-level median or ulnar nerve injuries and repairs typically result in suboptimal reinnervation of distal muscles. Functioning free muscle transplantation (FFMT) is increasingly recognized as an effective method to restore function in chronic muscle denervation cases. This study investigates the efficacy of using an additional FFMT, neurotized by lateral sprouting axons from a repaired high-level mixed nerve in the upper limb, to enhance distal hand function.
Methods Thirty-five Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups to evaluate the proposed FFMT technique. The infraclavicular median nerve (MN) was transected and repaired in each animal. The nearby musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) was transected, and the terminal nerve after the biceps muscle was divided and embedded into the biceps muscle, creating an FFMT model. The distal stump of the MCN was anchored to the MN, 1.5 mm distal to the MN repair site. Assessments of nerve and muscle function were conducted 4 months postoperatively.
Results Behavioral analysis, along with measurements of biceps muscle weight and tetanic contraction force, indicated significant recovery in the biceps muscle. Histological staining confirmed reinnervation of the MCN from the repaired MN. Additionally, functional examination of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle revealed no deterioration associated with the repaired MN.
Conclusion The study demonstrates the potentiality of utilizing lateral sprouting axons from a repaired high-level MN to reinnervate an additional FFMT to enhance flexor digitorum superficialis function. The surgical strategy promises recovery of distal muscle function and implies for diverse clinical applications.
Early Initiation of Dangle Protocol in Lower Extremity Free Flap Microsurgery
Authors: Su Shannon , Menon Ambika , Taillon Carolyn , Saad Omar , Merceron Tyler , Ghareeb Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Defects of the lower extremity often require free tissue transfer to provide adequate soft tissue reconstruction. Patients typically undergo a postoperative dangle protocol to condition the flap to withstand the increase in venous pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and postoperative length of stay after early initiation of dangle.
Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing lower extremity free tissue transfer reconstruction at the Grady Memorial Hospital from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: early (within 5 days after surgery) and late dangle (day 6 or greater). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, with significance determined to be p < 0.05.
Results A total of 83 of 99 available patients met inclusion criteria; 22 patients underwent early and 61 late dangle. Free flap survival was 90.9% in the early and 90.2% in the late group. The mean postoperative length of stay in the early and late groups were 12.3 and 18.8 days, respectively (p = 0.0018). There was no difference in the number of patients who had wound healing complications, flap failure, and a need for amputation in each group.
Conclusion Our results demonstrate that initiation of an early dangle protocol does not affect surgical outcome and leads to a reduction in postoperative length of stay. These results can be used to inform evidence-based recommendations for flap management in lower extremity reconstruction.
Clinical Variables Associated with Lymphedema Surgery: Physiologic versus Excisional
Authors: Lenders Jayna , Best Christine S.W. , Eisner Zachary J. , Kung Theodore A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background As surgical interventions for lymphedema become increasingly available, it is important to understand characteristics of patients that undergo lymphedema surgery. The goal of this study was to define clinical variables of patients evaluated at a medical center who underwent lymphedema surgery to better inform which referred patients are surgical candidates.
Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed on patients referred to plastic surgery for lymphedema between January 2016 and June 2023. The operative group included patients who underwent lymphedema surgery, including physiologic surgery (PS) and excisional surgery (ES). The nonoperative group consisted of patients referred for lymphedema who did not undergo lymphatic surgery. Patient records were collected, and between-group comparisons were performed.
Results A total of 285 total patients were identified (n = 66 operative, n = 219 nonoperative). The operative cohort had higher body mass index (BMI) than the nonoperative (33.5 vs. 31.2 kg/m2, p < 0.035) and was more likely to have undergone physical therapy/occupational therapy (68.2 vs. 53.4%, p = 0.005). Within the operative cohort (PS = 37, ES = 29), PS patients were more likely to be White (91.9 vs. 69.0%, p = 0.043) and have lower BMI (32 vs. 42.7 kg/m2, p = 0.007). PS patients were diagnosed for a longer period (8 vs. 3 years, p = 0.03) before seeing a plastic surgeon, more commonly had upper extremity lymphedema (43.2 vs. 13.8%, p = 0.016) and presented at an earlier lymphedema stage (stage 1 64.9 vs. 27.6%, p = 0.002). PS patients were more likely to have prior radiation (56.8 vs. 20.7%, p = 0.005), previous surgery (75.5 vs. 48.3%, p = 0.038), and prior lymphatic intervention (67.6 vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001) near the affected area.
Conclusion Defining patient characteristics associated with surgical intervention for lymphedema can aid surgeons to increase the proportion of patients seen in clinic who are surgical candidates. Factors relating to oncological and surgical history in the affected area may suggest a patient is more likely to undergo PS.
A Solvent-Free 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium Iodide (CMPI)-Mediated Biginelli Reaction for the Construction of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Pandey Shashi , Gupta Monika , Rajput Chatrasal S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Biginelli product dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) and their derivatives have enormous biological significance. This article describes the exploration of 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (CMPI) reagent for the development of an environmentally safe, solvent-free protocol to construct the functionalized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones. The protocol involves the three-component condensation reaction of β-keto ester, aldehyde, and urea or thiourea at elevated temperature. The key advantages of the protocol are its capacity to provide both environmental and economic benefits owing to its solvent-free conditions, short reaction times, simple workup, and good to excellent isolated yield of DHPMs.
Aggregation-Induced Electrochemical Boronation–Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Cheng Xu , Li Mengfan , Pu Tengfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical organic synthesis is typically conducted in a homogenous solution to facilitate mass transfer at the electrode. Therefore, aggregation is unfavorable and unexplored in electrochemical organic synthesis. In this report, we demonstrate the aggregation-induced boronation–dihydroxylation reaction of alkenes with boronic acids in full water media. The alkene aggregates at the lipophilic anode with the surface tension of water as the driving force, shielding boronic acid away from the anode. In this well-defined diffusion model, the boronation–dihydroxylation reaction occurs with high conversion, providing unique chemoselectivity.
Effect of Apical Preparation Size and Preparation Taper on Smear Layer Removal Using Two Different Irrigation Needles: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Lebbos Rania , Kharouf Naji , Mehta Deepak , Jabr Jamal , Kamel Cynthia , El Hachem Roula , Haikel Youssef , Kaloustian Marc Krikor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of apical preparation size and preparation taper on smear layer removal using a metallic needle and a new polymer needle (IrriFlex, Produits Dentaires SA “PD,” Vevey, Switzerland).
Materials and Methods One hundred and eight single-rooted teeth with one canal were randomly divided into four groups according to the preparation and irrigation needle used: G1—30, 0.04 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G2—25, 0.06 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G3–30, 0.04 and metallic needle (n = 25); and G4—25, 0.06 and metallic needle (n = 25). All groups received the same final irrigation protocol and sonic activation. Each tooth was sectioned and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way and two-way analysis of variance on ranks with a significance level at p = 0.05.
Results For all groups, there was significantly higher smear layer in the apical third (p < 0.001) compared with the coronal and middle thirds. The 25, 0.06 preparation demonstrated better cleaning efficiency than the 30, 0.04 preparation throughout the canal when irrigated with a metallic needle; however, there were no significant differences in the middle and apical thirds when IrriFlex was used. There were also no differences of smear layer removal between G1 and G3 and G2 and G4 in the coronal part. In the middle and apical parts, G1 showed better elimination of smear layer compared with G3. There were slight differences in the middle third between G2 and G4, while G2 showed less cleaning efficiency compared with G4 in the apical third (p = 0.022).
Conclusion All groups showed less smear layer in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal compared with the apical third. The 25, 0.06 preparation was more effective in removing smear layer compared with the 30, 0.04 preparation. IrriFlex improved irrigation in the 30, 0.04 preparation, while its efficacy was less evident in the 25, 0.06 preparation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Permanent Teeth of Arab Children
Authors: Abutayyem Huda , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Al Shayeb Maher , Hashim Raghad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the global prevalence of dental caries, there is a paucity of comprehensive data on the extent of this issue among children in the Arab region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the associated Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indices in permanent teeth among children from 4 to under 18 years of age in the Arab region. A comprehensive review of various studies was conducted. Studies were searched across eight different electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. The random effects (RE) model was used for analysis, allowing variation in effect sizes across studies.The RE model suggested a high caries prevalence rate of 72.62% (with a 95% confidence interval of 65.3%–78.89%), suggesting a large burden of dental caries in this population pertaining to permanent teeth. The I
2 score was 99.0%, showing high heterogeneity among the investigations. The mean DMFT score was found to be 1.675 (with a 95% confidence interval of 0.5519–2.7980), indicating of substantial dental health concerns. Surprisingly, the I
2 value for DMFT scores was 0.0%, demonstrating no detected heterogeneity among the trials. The study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries and significant DMFT scores among children in the Arab region, signaling an urgent public health concern. The lack of heterogeneity in DMFT scores across studies, despite high caries prevalence, suggests potential limitations in the DMFT indices' ability to capture the full severity of dental caries. Further research is needed to refine these tools and fully understand the burden of dental caries in this population.
Assessment of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Relative to Respiratory Mandibular Movement and Sleep Characteristics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Al-Awami Sukaynah , Tanberg William , Monegro Alberto , Covell Jr David , Martinot Jean-Benoit , Al-Jewair Thikriat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. A wireless sensor connected to the patient's chin before bedtime and removed the next day was used to record MM signals. The signals were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to measure sleep and MM outcomes. MM variables included percentage change in waveform prominence (%), variance in peak prominence, mean prominence values, length of events (seconds), respiratory rate per minute, dominant frequency, and amplitude of dominant frequency. The obstructive respiratory disturbance index determined from the sensor was used to confirm OSA status.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in MM variables between class I, II, and III subjects. When compared according to OSA status, the amplitude of dominant frequency was significantly higher in the OSA than the non-OSA group (p = 0.005). When evaluated according to both skeletal classification and OSA status, the class I OSA subjects showed a higher median value than the non-OSA class I group (p = 0.016).
Conclusion Within the limits of this study, the sagittal skeletal pattern had no effect on the respiratory MM. This study did not find a correlation between craniofacial pattern and MM and OSA.
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy: A Diagnostic Conundrum—Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mundra Mahin , Sreenivasan Vaishnavi , Swami Nisha , Kaur Kawaldeep , Rishi Bhavika , Misra Aroonima , Mehndiratta Sumit , Singh Amitabh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGeneralized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific sign with heterogenous etiology including infective, inflammatory, and malignant causes. We present the case of a child who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, involving the cervical, axillary, mediastinal, and inguinal groups, along with recurring fever, tonsillar enlargement, and parotid swelling for 2 years. She had coexisting undernutrition and hepatosplenomegaly on examination. After ruling out common infective causes like tuberculosis, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions were considered. The diagnosis was made by histopathology of the axillary node biopsy, which revealed characteristic features of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). She was started on oral steroids but was lost to follow-up after 6 months. We report this case to emphasize that RDD, a subtype of non-Langerhans histiocytosis, should be considered as a differential in young patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.
Denture Care Behavior and Lifespan of Removable Partial Dentures in Indonesian Military Personnel: An Approach Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Handayani Nining , Budiarto Arief , Rachman Arif , Setiawan Arlette Suzy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives In the context of military health, removable partial acrylic dentures (RPADs) are crucial for the quality of life and performance of Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) soldiers. Given the demanding and unpredictable military environment, RPADs provide a solution for soldiers experiencing tooth loss. This research aims to identify behavioral factors influencing the lifespan of RPADs among TNI soldiers.
Materials and Methods This study employed an observational cross-sectional design with an analytical approach. The study population consisted of all patients fitted with RPADs at Ladokgi RE Martadinata from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion criteria included TNI soldiers using good functionality RPADs from 2017 to 2019. Data were collected through a valid questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.738) and analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and multiple linear regression.
Results In total, 46 respondents (84.8% males, aged 50–59 years) participated in this study. The average behavioral score was 153.72, with a standard deviation of 1.13. The average lifespan of RPADs was 5.33 years. The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between behavioral scores and RPAD lifespan (r = 0.463, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant association between behavioral scores and RPAD lifespan, with a coefficient B-value of 0.259 (p = 0.012).
Conclusion Good RPAD maintenance behavior correlates with a longer RPAD lifespan. Socialization programs and instructions for RPAD care need enhancement to ensure optimal quality of life and performance among TNI soldiers.
Direct observation of magnetic Barkhausen noise around grain boundaries with high-spatial-resolution magnetic Barkhausen noise sensor
Authors: Zhipeng Qiang , Peng Li , Bin Wu , Nan Wang , Yujue Wang , Guangyong Li , Xiucheng Liu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is a useful signal for non-destructively characterizing various properties of ferromagnetic materials. It is suggested that MBN is mainly generated at grain boundaries because there are more pinning sites around grain boundaries. However, direct experimental proof is difficult because of the lack of high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. This study focuses on examining MBN around grain boundaries using a custom-made high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. Firstly, the magnetic domains and grain structure of an electrical steel were obtained using a magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. Then, MBN signals inside grains and around grain boundaries were measured using the high-spatial-resolution MBN sensor. The experimental results reveal that MBN signals are more evident around grain boundaries, 32.5%–435.7% larger than that in the grain interior. Based on the experimental measurement, two-dimensional MBN mapping of the area containing grain boundaries was carried out, enabling the identification of the location of grain boundaries in millimeter-scale grains.