bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of fabricated Sansevieria and Kaans fiber/Egg shell powder reinforced with polyester matrices
Authors: Devapiriam Rajkumar , S. Karthik , K. Santhy 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to fabricate and compare the mechanical and thermal properties of Sansevieria and Kaans fiber reinforced polyester matrices composites.

Design/methodology/approach
Treated Sansevieria and Kaans fiber was used as reinforcement for the fabrication of polymer matrix composites. Kaans fiber, which was available plenty in the delta region, but physical and mechanical properties of Kaans fiber were low when it compared with Sansevieria fiber. To make use of Kaans fiber for the fabrication of composite, the physical and mechanical properties have to be enhanced. So Egg shell powder was selected as a filler material to enhance the Kaans fiber reinforced composite. The selected fibers were properly weaved after alkali treatment. A three-layered (0°/45°/0°) Sansevieria fiber reinforced polymer (S-FRP) and Kaans fiber reinforced polymer (K-FRP) composite plates were fabricated using the compression molding method. As per American Society for Testing and Materials standards, the specimens were cut and mechanical, thermal and absorption properties of Sansevieria and Kaans fiber composites were investigated experimentally.

Findings
Tensile and flexural test reveals that K-FRP composite has good ductility and bending property than S-FRP composite plate. But from the other test results, S-FRP possesses high elongation capability than K-FRP. Thermo gravimetric analysis, moisture absorption and swelling test too done which clearly appeared S-FRP composite plate has prevalent execution than K-FRP composite plate.

Originality/value
This original research study enlists the mechanical, thermal properties and absorption properties of fabricated S-FRP and K-FRP composite plates.
Treatment preferences for medication or surgery in patients with deep endometriosis and bowel involvement – a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Metzemaekers Jeroen , van den Akker‐van Marle M. Elske , Sampat Jonathan , Smeets Mathilde J. G. H. , English James , Thijs Elke , Maas Jacques W. M. , Willem Jansen Frank , Essers Brigitte 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the preferences of women with deep endometriosis (DE) with bowel involvement when they have to choose between conservative (medication) or surgical treatment.DesignLabelled discrete choice experiment (DCE).SettingDutch academic and non‐academic hospitals and online recruitment.Population or SampleA total of 169 women diagnosed with DE of the bowel.MethodsBaseline characteristics and the fear of surgery were collected. Women were asked to rank attributes and choose between hypothetical conservative or surgical treatment in different choice sets (scenarios). Each choice set offered different levels of all treatment attributes. Data were analysed by using multinomial logistic regression.Main Outcome MeasuresThe following attributes – effect on/risk of pain, fatigue, pregnancy, endometriosis lesions, mood swings, osteoporosis, temporary stoma and permanent intestinal symptoms – were used in this DCE.ResultsIn the ranking, osteoporosis was ranked with low importance, whereas in the DCE, a lower chance of osteoporosis was one of the most important drivers when choosing a conservative treatment. Women with previous surgery showed less fear of surgery compared with women without surgery. Low anterior resection syndrome was almost equally important for patients as the chance of pain reduction. Pain reduction had higher importance than improving fertility chances, even in women with desire for a future child.ConclusionsThe risk of developing low anterior resection syndrome as a result of treatment is almost equally important as the reduction of pain symptoms. Women with previous surgery experience less fear of surgery compared with women without a surgical history.Tweetable AbstractFirst discrete choice experiment in patients with deep endometriosis.
Comparative assessment of the effect of pretreatment with microwave and roast heating on the quality of black sesame pastes
Authors: Hou Lixia , Chen Liyan , Song Pinqing , Zhang Yujin , Wang Xuede 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeating is a key procedure in producing sesame paste. The effects of microwave heating and conventional roasting on the physicochemical features, protein profiles, and volatile compounds of black sesame pastes made of black sesame seeds from Burma and China were evaluated in this study. All heating treatments decreased the moisture contents of black sesame pastes, and roasting yielded lower moisture levels, although with similar chroma (p < 0.05). The samples subjected to microwave heating had remarkably lower peroxide values than those heated with roasting (p < 0.05). Chinese microwave‐heated samples had a higher nitrogen solubility index than roasting (p < 0.05). Both microwave and roasting increased the contents of the volatiles notably. SDS‐PAGE showed that the intensity of the 2–15 kDa band decreased markedly after heating and nearly diminished for roasting samples, suggesting that roasting was more remarkable for the promotion to the protein aggregation. The results indicated that the quality traits of black sesame paste not only depend on the heating methods, but also the heating power/temperature and duration, and the source of the materials.
Primary child health care services in Lithuania: Does it meet the needs of the children?
Authors: Burokiene Sigita , Sutkus Viktoras , Vaideliene Laimute , Urbonas Vaidotas , Kevalas Rimantas , Labanauskas Liutauras , Usonis Vytautas , Jankauskiene Augustina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary health care is the foundation of a health system and has a strong influence on the efficiency of the health system as a whole. For children in Europe, it is defined by three primary health care models: paediatric; mixed paediatrician and family physician; and family physician. There is much debate in Europe about which model is most appropriate for children. The Lithuanian model is mixed, although health policy is geared towards the promotion of family physicians, with a decline in the number of primary paediatricians in clinical practice.ObjectivesTo review the children's primary health care system in Lithuania, compare the indicators of primary care by family physicians and paediatricians in Lithuania, and identify parents' perceptions of the primary health care model for children.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study was performed of children's primary health care indicators for quantity and quality in 2014–2018. A representative opinion survey of 1000 adult respondents was conducted.ResultsA total of 3.5 million children's visits to primary care physicians (6.7 ± 3 visits for each child) were registered in Lithuania in 2018. During a recent 5‐year period (2014–2018), the number of visits did not change significantly. Visits to paediatricians accounted for 41% of all children's visits to primary care physicians in 2018. Visits to Emergency Departments increased by 20%. The results of the survey showed that 72.3% of the respondents would prefer their children be treated by a primary care paediatrician.ConclusionThe mixed paediatrician and family physician health care model gives parents the right to choose. The results showed a decreased number of paediatricians in primary care; paediatric primary care is more frequent than family physician care; and parents tend to trust paediatricians more. The study also showed differences in the models of service used and patterns between regions in Lithuania.
Spatially explicit modeling of wetland conservation costs in Canadian agricultural landscapes
Authors: Asare Eric , Patrick Lloyd‐Smith , Kenneth Belcher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAgriculture is an important source of food, employment, and tax revenue to society. However, agricultural expansion is an important driver of global natural ecosystem degradation, including wetlands. Economic theory shows that wetland loss is caused by a mismatch between the private wetland conservation costs borne by landowners and the public benefits generated. We develop a spatially explicit wetland management model to estimate the private economic benefit of wetland drainage in an agricultural landscape in Alberta, Canada. We estimate a full wetland supply curve and show that the private economic benefits of wetland drainage are highly heterogeneous within a watershed. We then combine these private costs of wetland conservation with non‐monetary measures of public ecosystem benefits to assess four wetland conservation policy targeting scenarios. We find a positive correlation between the opportunity cost of wetland conservation on private landowners and the amount of environmental benefits wetlands offer, suggesting that conserving the wetlands that impose the lowest opportunity cost may not be optimal targets for wetland conservation policy. We contribute to wetland conservation economics by demonstrating that targeted wetland conservation policies can be more effective than a uniform conservation policy that assumes wetlands within agricultural landscapes have the same costs and benefits.
Pharmacotherapy of obesity in complex diseases
Authors: Pulipati Vishnu Priya , Pannain Silvana 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMore than 40% of adults in the United States suffer from obesity. Obesity is inextricably linked to many chronic illnesses like type‐2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, sleep apnea, stroke, and cancers. When used in combination with lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy has a vital role in treating obesity and improves short‐term and long‐term outcomes. A growing number of physicians are now interested in obesity medicine, and many of them are seeking guidance on how to treat complex patients with co‐morbidities. This review provides a practical guide to the use of anti‐obesity medications across various obesity‐related comorbidities. It provides a general review of the currently approved anti‐obesity medications and effective combinations. It discusses the highlights of the major trials and recent studies assessing the benefits of anti‐obesity medications in comorbid conditions such as type‐2 diabetes mellitus, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, renal diseases, and liver diseases. This review briefly examines the aspects of recognizing and addressing iatrogenic weight gain; discusses the precautions and prescribing considerations of anti‐obesity medications, including side effects and possible dose adjustments in various comorbid conditions; and provides an expert opinion on an individualized choice of the best anti‐obesity medication.
Severe de novo pustular psoriasiform immune‐related adverse event associated with nivolumab treatment for metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Seervai Riyad N. H. , Heberton Meghan , Cho Woo Cheal , Gill Pavandeep , Murphy Mariela B. , Aung Phyu P. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Patel Anisha B. , Ruiz‐Bañobre Juan , Om Amit , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Nikolaou Vasiliki , Curry Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreakthrough targeted therapies have produced significant improvements in survival for cancer patients, but have a propensity to cause cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Psoriasiform irAEs, representing about 4% of dermatologic toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, are usually mild, occur in older patients and present as an exacerbation of existing psoriasis after several doses of ICI therapy. We report a case of a 58‐year‐old woman with metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma and no prior history of psoriasis who developed a pustular psoriasiform irAE, beginning 3 days after initiation of nivolumab and progressing to confluent erythroderma with pustules over 2 weeks despite topical steroid use. She had concurrent acrodermatitis enteropathica, clinically diagnosed and confirmed with a low serum zinc level, that improved with supplementation. Her psoriasiform irAE was refractory to systemic steroids and acitretin, prompting discontinuation of nivolumab and treatment with ustekinumab and concomitant slow taper of acitretin and prednisone. Pustular psoriasiform irAE is a rare but severe dermatologic toxicity resulting from ICI therapy. Given the diverse morphologic types of cutaneous irAEs that can occur during ICI therapy, a clinical and histopathologic examination of dermatologic toxicities is critical to identify patients who may benefit from biologic therapy.
Migration behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) in a short and highly fragmented gravel‐bed river stretch
Authors: Renardy Séverine , Colson Dylan , Benitez Jean‐Philippe , Dierckx Arnaud , Goffaux Delphine , Sabbe Justine , Rabouan Amaury , Detrait Olivier , Nzau Matondo Billy , Sonny Damien , Ovidio Michaël 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe succession of migration barriers and different turbine types during downstream migration impede Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts from reaching the sea in time but is poorly studied. We investigated the isolated and cumulative impacts of 14 consecutive migration barriers (MBs) on downstream migration of 200 radio‐tagged smolts over an 18.9 km stretch of gravel‐bed river, by equipping five MBs with automated radio listening stations. At the level of isolated barriers, median research times (i.e. time between the first and the last detection upstream of a MB) varied between 0.1 and 0.7 h. The median crossing delays (i.e. time between the first detection upstream and the first detection downstream of a MB) varied between 1 and 2.9 h. Considering successive MBs, median cumulative crossing delays varied between 2.6 and 32.1 h and increased with the number of MBs. We observed a global mortality rate between 33% and 76%, increasing with the distance travelled and the associated number of MBs. Only 48% of the migrating smolts reached the end of the studied river stretch. Results suggest that the dynamics of the smolt downstream migration over this short highly fragmented stretch had a significant effect in terms of delays, mortalities and seaward escapement rate.
Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments?
Authors: Steffens Christina , Beer Christian , Schelfhout Stephanie , De Schrijver An , Pfeiffer Eva‐Maria , Vesterdal Lars 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTemperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear. We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce—Picea abies L., European beech—Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak—Quercus robur L., sycamore maple—Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash—Fraxinus excelsior L. and small‐leaved lime—Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of Corg and Nt distribution: (1) Spruce with high Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller Corg and Nt stocks and a wider Corg:Nt ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater Corg and Nt stocks, and narrow Corg:Nt ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF Corg and Nt stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0–15 cm and 0–30 cm depth) Corg and Nt stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site‐related and tree species‐mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short‐term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for Corg stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing Nt stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce.Highlights
We studied if tree species differences in topsoil Corg and Nt stocks substantiate after a decade.
The study is unique in its repeated soil sampling in a multisite common garden experiment.
Forest floors increased under spruce, but topsoil stocks decreased irrespective of species.
Changes were of short‐term nature. Nitrogen was most stable under arbuscular mycorrhizal species.
Manipulation by algorithms. Exploring the triangle of unfair commercial practice, data protection, and privacy law
Authors: Hacker Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe optimisation of sales practices in consumer markets through machine learning not only harbours the potential to better match consumer preferences with products, but also risks to facilitate the exploitation of consumer weaknesses discovered via data analysis. More specifically, recent technological advances have brought us to the edge of mind‐reading technologies, which automatically analyse mental states and adapt offers accordingly, in potentially manipulative ways. This article shows that, in market contexts, the challenges of manipulation by algorithm necessitate an integrated understanding of unfair commercial practice, data protection, and privacy law. It maps the interactions between these contiguous yet distinct fields of law, and draws on economics and computer science to develop a novel framework to deal with algorithmic influence. Furthermore, it critically discusses the Commission proposals for the Digital Services Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act, and suggests to complement them with more broadly applicable measures to mitigate algorithmic manipulation.
Athena SWAN gender equality plans and the gendered impact of COVID‐19
Authors: de Aguiar Thereza Raquel Sales , Haque Shamima , Bender Keith A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explores Athena SWAN as a mechanism to govern gender equality and diversity in the context of the UK Business and Management Schools during COVID‐19. More specifically, this study reports on the struggles that UK Business Schools are now facing in projecting themselves as equal and diverse as well as efficient and viable. Using governmentality theory, a thematic analysis is applied to Athena SWAN applications and face‐to‐face interviews conducted with a number of leaders of Athena SWAN‐awarded UK Business Schools. The results suggest that Athena SWAN opens a space for self‐governing gender equality and diversity with some progress on this agenda. However, the Athena SWAN framework calls our attention to invisibilities of inequalities in times of crisis such as COVID‐19, when governamentality of gender issues can become limited and when targets on efficiency are set as a priority.
Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V’s Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling
Authors: Helyar Sinead , Jackson Laura , Patrick Leanne , Hill Andy , Ion Robin 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn the past few years, there has been a very significant rise in the number of children and young people seeking treatment for gender dysphoriaThis area is the subject of much discussion, as evidenced in a recent court case in the UK which examined competence and capacity of young people to consent to potentially irreversible interventions.Clinicians involved in gaining consent to puberty blockers for gender dysphoric young people, must understand the evidence in this area and be aware of the heavy burden of accountability placed upon them.
The shaping of plant axes and crowns through tropisms and elasticity: an example of morphogenetic plasticity beyond the shoot apical meristem
Authors: Moulia Bruno , Badel Eric , Bastien Renaud , Duchemin Laurent , Eloy Christophe 
Published: December 2021

SummaryShoot morphogenetic plasticity is crucial to the adaptation of plants to their fluctuating environments. Major insights into shoot morphogenesis have been compiled studying meristems, especially the shoot apical meristem (SAM), through a methodological effort in multiscale systems biology and biophysics. However, morphogenesis at the SAM is robust to environmental changes. Plasticity emerges later on during post‐SAM development. The purpose of this review is to show that multiscale systems biology and biophysics is insightful for the shaping of the whole plant as well. More specifically, we review the shaping of axes and crowns through tropisms and elasticity, combining the recent advances in morphogenetic control using physical cues and by genes. We focus mostly on land angiosperms, but with growth habits ranging from small herbs to big trees. We show that generic (universal) morphogenetic processes have been identified, revealing feedforward and feedback effects of global shape on the local morphogenetic process. In parallel, major advances have been made in the analysis of the major genes involved in shaping axes and crowns, revealing conserved genic networks among angiosperms. Then, we show that these two approaches are now starting to converge, revealing exciting perspectives.
Biologics for pediatric psoriasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Helen Y. , Phan Kevin , Paller Amy S. , Sebaratnam Deshan F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiologics represent a promising treatment for children with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Randomized control trials (RCTs) have been published evaluating different biologics in children with psoriasis, but no summative review exists.ObjectiveTo summarize data from existing RCTs to assess the efficacy and safety of biologics in the management of pediatric psoriasis.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs was performed from Medline, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the American College of Physicians Journal Club from inception to November 2020. Random‐effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size.ResultsFive RCTs assessing adalimumab, etanercept, ixekizumab, secukinumab, and ustekinumab were included (768 patients). The odds ratio of achieving a 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity index score was 12.37 (95% CI: 6.23‐24.55) at initial follow‐up, defined as 12‐16 weeks of treatment. The odds ratio of any adverse event was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.51‐1.80) at initial follow‐up, in patients treated with biologics when compared to placebo or a non‐biologic agent. Limitations of this study include heterogeneity in both the study design and the biologics investigated between the RCTs included in the meta‐analysis.ConclusionBiologic therapy for pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis has high efficacy and a favorable side effect profile.
Scrotal ulcers in an infant with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Khan Hania Qamar , Srinivas Sahana M. , Sanjeeva G.N. , Swamynathan Suman , Shivappa Sanjay K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe majority of cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) manifest non‐specific mucocutaneous features. We report the case of a 3‐month‐old infant presenting with purpura, acral desquamation, and scrotal ulcers. Scrotal ulcers have not been previously reported in MIS‐C and add to the spectrum of cutaneous findings associated with the disorder.