bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of unilateral and bilateral cleft alveolus on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning system
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Kise Yoshitaka , Fukuda Motoki , Ota Jun , Ohara Hisanobu , kojima Norinaga , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to create an effective deep learning (DL) model for detecting cleft alveolus (CA), including bilateral CA (BCA), on panoramic radiographs by comparing the detection performance of a DL model based on unilateral CA (UCA) and normal data with a model developed by combining UCA, BCA and normal data. We created two models using DetectNet. Model A was created using only UCA and normal images, and Model B was created using UCA, BCA and normal images. The performance of Models A and B was evaluated with the same testing data, and compared with two human observers. The total detection sensitivities were 0.55, 0.85, and 0.86 for Model A, Model B, and human observers, respectively. The ratios of detected and undetected CAs were significantly different among these three evaluators (p < 0.001). Regarding the UCA group, no significant differences were found in the ratio of those between Models A and B (p = 0.248). However, in the BCA group, the ratios were significantly different between the models (p < 0.001). The DL model created with the data including the BCA (Model B) achieved high detection performance for the testing data of both the UCA and BCA.
Accelerated Lower Leg Fracture Healing in Traumatic Brain Injury in Accordance With Increased Hematoma Formation
Authors: Shim Dong Woo , Hong Hyunjoo , Cho Kwang-Chun , Kim Se Hwa , Lee Jin Woo , Sung Seung-Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has been known to accelerate bone healing. Many cells and molecules have been investigated but the exact mechanism is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of TBI on fracture healing regarding accelerated hematoma formation.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated patients who were surgically treated for lower leg fractures and who showed secondary bone healing. Patients with and without TBI were divided for comparative analyses. Radiological parameters were time to bridging callus formation and the largest callus ratio during follow-up. Preoperative levels of complete blood count and chemical battery within 3 days from trauma were measured in all patients. Subgroup division regarding age, gender, open fracture, concomitant fracture and severity of TBI were compared.ResultsWe included 48 patients with a mean age of 44.9 (range, 17 – 78), of whom 35 patients (72.9%) were male. There were 12 patients with TBI (Group 1) and 36 patients without TBI (Group 2). Group 1 showed shorter time to callus formation (P < 0.001), thicker callus ratio (P = 0.015), leukocytosis and lymphocytosis (P ≤ 0.028), and lower red blood cell counts (RBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit (P < 0.001). Aging and severity of TBI were correlated with time to callus formation and callus ratio (P ≤ 0.003) while gender, open fracture, and concomitant fracture were unremarkable.ConclusionLower leg fractures with TBI showed accelerated bone healing and superior measurements associated with hematoma formation (lymphocytes, RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit). Promoted fracture healing in TBI was correlated with the enhanced proinflammatory state.Level of Evidence: Case control study; III
A High-Sensitivity Analysis Method Of Furanocoumarins In Radix Angelicae Dahuricae By Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detection
Authors: Lee Min-Ji , Hong Seon-Pyo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae is a traditional Chinese medicine. We developed a high-sensitivity method for detection of furanocoumarins in Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT). The six furanocoumarins of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae were sonication-extracted from 50% ethanol for 60 min. Six furanocoumarins were separated through a gradient elution system. The limits of detection of the components were 0.002–0.3 ng (0.2–30 ng/mL). The coefficients of determination were 0.9995–1.0000, all inter-day and intra-day precision values were < 4.9%, and the mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 96.4%–104.5% and 0.5%–4.8% for Radix Angelicae Dahuricae extract, respectively. Our method does not require any pretreatment steps and exhibits good reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity. Therefore, our method will contribute to a Radix Angelicae Dahuricae quality control measure.
Genotypic Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Eyes with Keratitis and Healthy Conjunctival Sacs
Authors: Ma Xiubin , Liu Qing , Song Fangying , Huang Yusen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) was a second most common commensal bacterium in healthy conjunctival sacs. When the corneal epithelial barrier is damaged, P. aeruginosa could cause keratitis, which progresses rapidly and results in corneal perforation and the loss of vision. However, the similarities and differences in characteristics between P. aeruginosa isolates from the eyes with keratitis and those from healthy conjunctival sacs are still poorly understood. In this study, four P. aeruginosa isolates from eyes with keratitis and three P. aeruginosa isolates from healthy conjunctival sacs were obtained, and genotypically characterized using Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found and included 332 upregulated genes and 225 downregulated genes in the keratitis group versus the healthy conjunctival sacs group. Of 557 DEGs, 11 DEGs analyzed with GO enrichment and the KEGG pathway were involved with the bacterial secretion system and pyoverdine metabolism and validated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. P. aeruginosa from eyes with keratitis induced more severe corneal infection and higher clinical scores in the mice. These results will contribute to develop alternative therapeutic interventions targeting virulence factors in these DEGs and facilitate the selection of therapeutic strategies.
The Dynamic Changes of HBV Quasispecies Diversity in Infancy after Immunoprophylaxis Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yi , Xiao Yiwei , Li Lili , Song Yarong , Zhai Xiangjun , Liu Jianxun , Duan Zhongping , Yan Ling , Ding Feng , Liu Jia , Zhu Liguo , Jiang Jie , Zou Huaibin , Li Lingxiang , Liang Caihong , Wang Jie , Li Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous works have observed that younger infants with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are more responsive to antiviral treatment. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the dynamic changes of HBV quasispecies in infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were investigated to provide virological explanations for clinical management on infantile antiviral therapy.Methods: Thirteen 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure and their mothers were enrolled from a prospective cohort, and 8 of them were followed up to 3 years old. The sequences of HBV quasispecies were analyzed by the full-length genome clone-based sequencing, and compared among mothers and their infants at different ages.Results: The results revealed that the complexity, mutation frequency and genetic distance of HBV quasispecies decreased significantly at full-length, partial open reading frames and regulatory regions of HBV genome at nucleotide level in 7-month-old infants comparing with their mothers, whereas increased significantly to near the maternal level when infants grew up to 3 years old. Furthermore, similar changes were also found in Core, PreS2, RT and P regions of HBV genome at amino acid level, especially for potential NAs-resistant mutants in RT region and immune-escape mutants in Core and PreS2 regions.Conclusions: This study uncovered the evolution of HBV quasispecies in infancy after mother-to-child transmission, which may provide the virological evidence for explaning that younger children are more responsive to antiviral therapy.
First Case Report of Cholesterol Granuloma of Femur
Authors: Hao Shenshen , Dong Shengli , Li Hongke , Li Shuaizhi , Ren Huihui , Luo Xiaohui , Liu Shuai , Chen Honglei , Zhang Zhifang , Zhang Fangshu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is a special type of granulation tissue reaction. It is a very rare benign lesion with swelling growth, in which there are a large number of cholesterol crystals and foreign body giant cells. A small amount of literature reports that it occurred in the middle ear or mastoid area. There has been no report of CG of the femur.Methods: A 74-year-old woman suffered from pain and discomfort in the upper right knee for 10 years, which aggravated for 10 days. He was diagnosed with CG of the right femur in our hospital, and was treated with surgery. Results: During the operation, a large amount of yellow-brown oily crystal structure was found, and the pathology after the operation was confirmed as CG. The postoperative follow-up was 3 months, and the treatment effect was satisfactory.Conclusion: CG of the femur is an extremely rare benign lesion, and there is no relevant report. Surgical treatment can remove the diseased tissue and provide effective treatment results.
There exists high ratio of, and significant overlap between, suspected dementia and suspected depression among elderly outpatients
Authors: Lee Yao-Tung , Tsai Chia-Fen , Lin Yen-Kuang , Shen Cheng-Che , Huang Li-Kai , Chi Mei-Ju , Lee Hsin-Chien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Dementia and depression have emerged as two of the major mental health concerns for elderly people, which are likely to substantially affect public health in the coming decades. Both dementia and geriatric depression are associated with increased morbidity, health care utilization, and mortality. Early detection and treatment initiation are some of the best strategies to minimize the ill effects of dementia and depression on the elderly people. To this end, large-scale screening may be the first step.
Methods
Screening of individuals ≥65 years old was conducted in the outpatient department of a university hospital. Ascertainment of dementia 8 (AD8) and five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) were used to screen for cognitive decline and depression, respectively.
Findings:
In total, 3079 elderly people completed both AD8 and BSRS-5. Patients tested positive for cognitive impairment and depression were 28.2% and 15%, respectively. However, 7% were tested positive by both AD8 and BSRS-5 and with statistical significance.
Interpretation:
The high ratio of suspected dementia and suspected depression suggested the needs and cost-effect of screening among the elderly outpatients. However, the statistically significant overlap implied potential bias when screening only one condition. Future screening program of geriatric mental health needs to consider this.
Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Guangdong Yellow-feathered Indigenous Chicken
Authors: Xu Yibin , Lijin Guo , Huang Yulin , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Xiquan , Nie Qinghua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The yellow-feathered broiler has great nutritional value and a huge industrial scale as a traditional broiler in China. The intestinal microbes have been shown to correlate with poult performance, and serve as an essential reservoir of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), and antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. We investigated the functional characteristics of the six different breeds of yellow-feathered broiler’s (Huiyang Bearded chicken, Xinghua chicken, Huaixiang chicken, Zhongshan Shalan chicken, Qingyuan Patridge chicken, Yangshan chicken) gut microbiome through metagenomics sequencing, to investigate the functions and ARGs in the intestinal microbial communities.Results: The results found that microbial populations of yellow-feathered broilers were mainly dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at phylum level and Bacteroides at genus level, and the qingyuanPatridge chicken had a significantly higher level of Prevotella genus than the other five breeds of chicken. PCoA analysis indicated significant differences in the structures of the microbial communities and ARGs based on binary-jaccard distance (analysis of similarities ANOSIM R=0.747, P=0.001 and R=0.525, P=0.001, respectively) among the six breeds of chicken. Analyses using KEGG, eggNOG, and CAZy databases indicated that the pathways of metabolism, genetic information processing and glucoside hydrolase were significantly enriched in the yellow-feathered broilers. We also identified 989 ARGs and mainly composed of ARGs that confer tetracycline, multidrug and aminoglycoside represented more than 80% of the fecal resistomes, and then the tet(Q) gene is the most abundant in yellow-feathered chickens. In addition, we found a greater abundance of resistance genes detected in the Xinghua chicken.Conclusions: Our study presents a metagenomic resource of indigenous chicken cecum microbiomes from six breeds of yellow-feathered broiler. It demonstrates the measure of metagenomic method for annotating microbial taxonomy and functional abundance. With the help of metagenomic, we have shown the difference in the gut microbial community structure of indigenous broiler breeds, and their potential to ARGs and antibiotic resistance. Xinghua chicken has great resistance to antibiotics. Overall, the current data provides a significant improvement to our knowledge and study of the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance, especially in the indigenous yellow-feathered Chinese chicken.
Comparison of fluid dynamics changes due to physical activity in 3D printed patient specific coronary phantoms with the Windkessel equivalent model of coronary flow
Authors: Sommer Kelsey N , Bhurwani Mohammad Mahdi Shiraz , Iyer Vijay , Ionita Ciprian N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background3D printing (3DP) used to replicate the geometry of normal and abnormal vascular pathologies has been demonstrated in many publications; however, reproduction of hemodynamic changes due to physical activities, such as rest versus moderate exercise, need to be investigated. We developed a new design for patient specific coronary phantoms, which allow adjustable physiological variables such as coronary distal resistance and coronary compliance in patients with coronary artery disease. The new design was tested in precise benchtop experiments and compared with a theoretical Windkessel electrical circuit equivalent, that models coronary flow and pressure using arterial resistance and compliance. MethodsFive phantoms from patients who underwent clinically indicated elective invasive coronary angiography were built from CCTA scans using multi-material 3D printing. Each phantom was used in a controlled flow system where patient specific flow conditions were simulated by a programmable cardiac pump. To simulate the arteriole and capillary beds flow resistance and the compliance for various physical activities, we designed a three-chamber outlet system which controls the outflow dynamics of each coronary tree. Benchtop pressure measurements were recorded using sensors embedded in each of the main coronary arteries. Using the Windkessel model, patient specific flow equivalent electrical circuit models were designed for each coronary tree branch, and flow in each artery was determined for known inflow conditions. Local flow resistances were calculated through Poiseuille’s Law derived from the radii and lengths of the coronary arteries using CT angiography based multi-planar reconstructions. The coronary stenosis flow rates from the benchtop and the electrical models were compared to the localized flow rates calculated from invasive pressure measurements recorded in the angio-suites. ResultsThe average Pearson correlations of the localized flow rates at the location of the stenosis between each of the models (Benchtop/Electrical, Benchtop/Angio, Electrical/Angio) are 0.970, 0.981, and 0.958 respectively. Conclusions3D printed coronary phantoms can be used to replicate the human arterial anatomy as well as blood flow conditions. It displays high levels of correlation when compared to hemodynamics calculated in electrically-equivalent coronary Windkessel models as well as invasive angio-suite pressure measurements.
Low-dose dobutamine stress gated blood pool SPECT assessment of left ventricular contractile reserve in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a feasibility study
Authors: Shipulin Vladimir V. , Andreev Sergey L. , Pryakhin Andrew S. , Mochula Andrew V. , Maltceva Alina N. , Sazonova Svetlana I. , Shipulin Vladimir M. , Massalha Samia , Zavadovsky Konstantin V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of present study was to assess the feasibility of GBPS with low-dose dobutamine (LDD) stress test, performed on a SPECT camera equipped with Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) solid state detectors in evaluation of patients with ischemic heart failure (HF).Methods. A total of 52 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and a control group of 10 patients without obstructive coronary artery lesion underwent GBPS and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at rest and during LDD stress test (5, 10, 15 µg/kg/min). The duration of each GBPS step was 5 minutes. Stress-induced changes (∆) in LV ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate, LV volumes and dyssynchrony (phase histogram standard deviation, phase histogram bandwidth and entropy) obtained with GBPS were estimated. Results. All GBPS indices except end-diastolic volume showed significant dynamics during stress test in both groups. 17% of ICM patients, but none from control group, showed a decrease in EF during stress, accompanied by a significant increase in entropy. The inter-rater reproducibility was excellent for both rest and stress studies. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.5, p=0.01) between GBPS and TTE, with a mean difference value of -1.7 (95% confidence interval -9.8; 6.4; p=0.06) in ΔLVEF. Conclusion. Low-dose dobutamine stress gated blood pool SPECT performed with high-efficiency CZT-SPECT cameras allow evaluation of stress-induced changes in LV contractility and dyssynchrony in patients with ischemic HF. The high sensitivity of the semiconductor detectors provides an opportunity to perform GBPS with lower acquisition time and a decrease in patient radiation exposure. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04508608 (August 7, 2020)
Wear Performance of The Zirconia Toughened Alumina Added With TiO2 and Cr2O3 Ceramic Cutting Tool
Authors: Mudzaffar Raqibah Najwa , Bahauddin Mohamad Faiz Izzat , Manshor Hanisah , Azhar Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad , Rejab Nik Akmar , Ali Afifah Mohd. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The zirconia toughened alumina enhanced with titania and chromia (ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3) ceramic cutting tool is a new cutting tool that possesses good hardness and fracture toughness. However, the performance of the ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3 cutting tool continues to remain unknown and therefore requires further study. In this research, the wearing of the ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3 cutting tool and the surface roughness of the machined surface of stainless steel 316L was investigated. The experiments were conducted where the cutting speeds range between 314 to 455 m/min, a feed rate from 0.1 to 0.15 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.2 mm. A CNC lathe machine was utilised to conduct the turning operation for the experiment. Additionally, analysis of the flank wear and crater wear was undertaken using an optical microscope, while the chipping area was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of the machined surface was measured via portable surface roughness. The lowest value of flank wear, crater wear and surface roughness obtained are 0.044 mm, 0.45 mm2, and 0.50 µm, respectively at the highest cutting speed of 455 m/min and the highest feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev. The chipping area became smaller with the increase of feed rate from 0.10 to 0.15 mm/rev and larger when the feed rate decrease. This was due to the reduced vibrations at the higher spindle speed resulting in a more stable cutting operation, thereby reducing the value of tool wear, surface roughness, and the chipping area.
Evaluating The Protective Effect of Calcium Carbonate Coating On Sandstone Cultural Heritage
Authors: Wen Yaping , Shu Hui , Qing Huoliang , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to use different surfactants to deposit different crystal forms of calcium carbonate film on the surface of sandstone through a simple double replacement reaction. The protective effect of calcium carbonate coatings was evaluated through water absorption, water vapor permeability and weather resistance tests. The results show that the stone treated with vaterite calcium carbonate has excellent water absorption and permeability. Compared with untreated stone, the water absorption rate is reduced by 0.5 times, and the weather resistance is increased by 4 times, effectively hindering the erosion of water and soluble salts. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone cultural heritage.
Alterations in Metal Homeostasis Occur Prior to Canonical Markers in Huntington Disease
Authors: Pfalzer Anna C , Yan Yan , Kang Hakmook , Totten Melissa , Silverman James , Bowman Aaron B , Erikson Keith , Claassen Daniel O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The importance of metal biology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntingtin Disease is well documented with evidence of direct interactions between metals such as copper, zinc, iron and manganese and mutant Huntingtin pathobiology. To date, it is unclear whether these interactions are observed in humans, how this impacts other metals, and how mutant Huntington alters homeostatic mechanisms governing levels of copper, zinc, iron and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HD patients.Methods: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from control, pre-manifest, manifest and late manifest HD participants were collected as part of HD-Clarity. Levels of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma copper, zinc, iron and manganese were measured as well as levels of mutant Huntingtin and neurofilament in a sub-set of cerebrospinal fluid samples.Results: We find that elevations in cerebrospinal fluid copper, manganese and zinc levels are altered early in disease prior to alterations in canonical biomarkers of HD although these changes are not present in plasma. We also evidence that CSF iron is elevated in manifest patients. The relationships between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid metal are altered based on disease stage.Interpretation: These findings demonstrate that there are alterations in metal biology selectively in the CSF which occur prior to changes in known canonical biomarkers of disease. Our work indicates that there are pathological changes related to alterations in metal biology in individuals without elevations in neurofilament and mutant Huntingtin.