bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Hemitongue Defect Reconstruction With Functional Gracilis Muscle Free Transfer
Authors: Park Hojin , Park Joo Seok , Jeong Woo Shik , Choi Jong Woo 
Published: February 2021

Background
Because the tongue consists of 26 intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, even hemiglossectomy, which preserves some of the tongue and its muscles, leads to functional morbidity in speech and swallowing. Subsequent reconstruction using a conventional fasciocutaneous flap results in limited functional recovery. This study compared the functional recovery of patients who underwent hemiglossectomy based on the fasciocutaneous free flap with or without dynamic gracilis muscle flap reconstruction.

Methods
Twenty-three patients were included in the study. Reconstruction was achieved using radial forearm and gracilis conjoined flaps (n = 7), gracilis flaps (n = 7), and radial forearm flaps (RFFFs) (n = 9) between 2014 and 2019. Functional outcome data were collected via videofluoroscopic swallowing, speech analysis, and a tongue movement scale.

Results
In the conjoined flap group, the lingual range of motion in terms of elevation and defect-side lateralization was superior to that of the RFFF group. Furthermore, the conjoined flap was associated with superior protrusion, elevation, and lateralization (on both sides) than the gracilis-only flap. Patients who underwent conjoined-flap reconstruction had better articulation, intelligence, and dysphagia outcomes than patients who underwent reconstruction with RFFFs or gracilis-only flaps.

Conclusions
Although this was a preliminary study, the findings suggest that using a conjoined free flap with an RFFF and a functional gracilis muscle flap for dynamic hemitongue reconstructions could improve postoperative tongue function.
Parastomal Hernia Repair Using a Silo Biologic Mesh
Authors: Chegireddy Vishwanath , Doval Andres F. , Zavlin Dmitry , Ellsworth Warren A. , Dinh Tue A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
A parastomal hernia (PSH) is an enlargement of the stoma's original opening through the abdominal wall's musculature around a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy. Its incidence can be up to 48%. The described methods for its repair have high recurrence rate.
This article presents a 3-dimensional silo technique for PSH repair (PSH-R). The aims of this technique are to enhance the structural strength of the tunnel wall, to reinforce both the sidewalls and the fascia above and below the muscular opening, and to maintain a stable stoma opening.

Methods
All consecutive patients undergoing PSH-R with the silo technique between January 2009 and May 2018 by 2 plastic surgeons were included. The outcome parameters of interest were hernia recurrence and wound-related complications.

Results
This study reports 22 patients (9 male, 13 female) with a mean age of 66.7 years and an average body mass index of 29.2. The variety of ostomy types included 10 colostomies, 7 ileostomies, and 5 urostomies. Postoperatively, there were 3 surgical site infections, 1 seroma, and 2 wound healing delays. Six patients were readmitted, 3 of those because of small bowel obstruction. These 3 cases all required reoperation, in addition to 1 operative revision for stoma retraction. During our average follow-up of 19.9 months, 3 cases of PSH recurrence were diagnosed for a recurrence rate of 13.6%.

Conclusions
This silo technique is associated with favorable complication and low recurrence rates compared with the available techniques in surgical literature. In our practice, it has established itself as a new and safe technique for complex or recurrent PSHs and should be considered in a surgeon's armamentarium. This technique has become our standard for treatment of recurrent PSHs.
Course Review
Authors: Teklay Samuel , Dhillon Dharminder 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Burn injuries are well-recognized global public health crises that often result in devastating injuries. Despite being the fourth most common cause of trauma worldwide, many clinicians are often not comfortable with the management of severe burns, and it is not uncommon for large burns to be mismanaged.
The emergency management of severe burns course is a 1-day course offering delegates the opportunity to improve their knowledge and confidence with the initial assessment and management of acute severe burns. The course is valued at £295 GBP ($382) per delegate and takes place at multiple locations around the globe. We feel this course would be beneficial to all health care professionals who play a vital role in assessment and management of severe burns.
Trauma patients at risk for venous thromboembolism who undergo routine duplex ultrasound screening experience fewer pulmonary emboli: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Kay Annika B. , Morris David S. , Woller Scott C. , Stevens Scott M. , Bledsoe Joseph R. , Lloyd James F. , Collingridge Dave S. , Majercik Sarah 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND
Although guidelines are established for the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma, no consensus exists regarding protocols for the diagnostic approach. We hypothesized that at-risk trauma patients who undergo duplex ultrasound (DUS) surveillance for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) will have a lower rate of symptomatic or fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) than those who do not undergo routine surveillance.

METHODS
Prospective, randomized trial between March 2017 and September 2019 of trauma patients admitted to a single, level 1 trauma center, with a risk assessment profile score of ≥5. Patients were randomized to receive either bilateral lower extremity DUS surveillance on days 1, 3, and 7 and weekly during hospitalization ultrasound group (US) or no surveillance no ultrasound group (NoUS). Rates of in-hospital and 90-day DVT and PE were reported as was DVT propagation and all-cause mortality. Standard care for the prevention and management of VTE per established institutional protocols was provided to all patients.

RESULTS
A total of 3,236 trauma service admissions were screened, and 1,989 moderate- and high-risk patients were randomized (US, 995; NoUS, 994). The mean ± SD age was 62 ± 20.1 years, Injury Severity Score was 14 ± 9.7, risk assessment profile was 7.1 ± 2.4, and 97% suffered blunt trauma. There was no difference in demographics or VTE risk factors between the groups. There were significantly fewer in-hospital PE in the US group than the NoUS group (1 [0.1%] vs. 9 [0.9%], p = 0.01). The US group experienced more in-hospital below-knee DVTs (124 [12.5%] vs. 8 [0.8%], p < 0.001) and above-knee DVTs (19 [1.9%] vs. 8 [0.8%], p = 0.05). There was no difference in 90-day PE or DVT, or overall mortality.

CONCLUSION
The implementation of a selective routine DUS protocol was associated with significantly fewer in-hospital PE. More DVTs were identified with routine screening; however, surveillance bias appears to exist primarily with distal DVT. Larger trials are needed to further characterize the relationship between routine DUS screening and VTE outcomes in the high-risk trauma population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level II.
SARS-CoV-2 infection drives a glycan switch of peripheral T cells at diagnosis
Authors: Alves Inês , Vicente Manuel M. , Gaifem Joana , Fernandes Ângela , Dias Ana M. , Rodrigues Cláudia S. , Oliveira José Carlos , Seixas Nair , Malheiro Luis , Abreu Miguel A. , Castro Rui Sarmento e , Pinho Salomé S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 is a highly selective disease in which SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in different clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic/mild to severe disease that requires hospitalization. Here, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a glycosylation reprogramming of circulating lymphocytes at diagnosis. We identified a specific glycosignature of T cells, defined upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and apparently triggered by a serological factor. This specific glycan switch of T cells is detected at diagnosis being more pronounced in asymptomatic patients. We further demonstrated that asymptomatic patients display an increased expression of a viral-sensing receptor, through the up-regulation of DC-SIGN in monocytes. We showed that higher levels of DC-SIGN in monocytes at diagnosis correlates with better COVID-19 prognosis. These new evidences pave the way to the identification of a novel glycan-based response in T cells that may confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients, highlighting a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol use data collection among college students: feasibility and acceptability in a pilot study
Authors: Rosenberg Molly , Ludema Christina , Kianersi Sina , Luetke Maya , Jozkowski Kristen , Guerra-Reyes Lucia , Shih Patrick C. , Finn Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors in a college student population.MethodIn September 2019, we enrolled n=5 Indiana University undergraduate students in a study to wear alcohol monitor wristbands continuously over a 5-day period. Concurrently, participants completed daily surveys querying details about their alcohol use in the previous 24 hours. We measured acceptability at endline with the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) scale (min=1, max=5). We measured feasibility with process measures: 1) amount of alcohol monitor data produced, and 2) correlation between drinking events identified by the alcohol monitors and drinking events reported by participants.ResultParticipants reported high acceptability of the wearable alcohol monitors with a mean AIM score of 4.3 (range: 3.3 to 5.0). Feasibility of monitor use was high: A total of 589 hours of alcohol use data was collected. All participants were able to successfully use the alcohol monitors, producing a total of 24 out of 25 possible days of alcohol monitoring data. Participants reported a total of 15 drinking events during follow-up and we detected 12 drinking events with the alcohol monitors. The self-reported drinking event start times were highly correlated with the monitor detected event start time (Spearman’s ρ=0.9, p<0.0001). The self-reported number of drinks during a drinking event was correlated with the area under the curve of each drinking event peak (Pearson’s r=0.7, p=0.008).ConclusionWearable alcohol monitors are a promising data collection tool for more objective real-time measures of alcohol use in college student populations.
Epidermal Green Autofluorescence is A Novel Biomarker for Local Inflammation of the Skin
Authors: Li Yujia , Ying Weihai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInflammation of the skin is not only a key pathological factor of multiple major skin diseases, but also a hallmark of the pathological state of the skin. However, there has been significant deficiency in the biomarkers and approaches for non-invasive evaluations of local inflammation of the skin. In our current study, we used a mouse model of skin inflammation to test our hypothesis that the inflammation of the skin can lead to increased epidermal green autofluorescence (AF), which can become a novel biomarker for non-invasive evaluations of the local inflammation of the skin. We found that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a widely used inducer of skin inflammation, induced not only inflammation of the skin, but also increased green AF of the skin. The distinct polyhedral structure of the increased AF has indicated that the AF originates from the keratin 1 and/or keratin 10 of the suprabasal keratinocytes. Our Western blot assays showed that TPA produced dose-dependent decreases in the levels of both keratin 1 and keratin 10, suggesting that TPA produced the increased epidermal green AF at least partially by inducing cleavage of keratin 1 and/or keratin 10. Collectively, our study has indicated that epidermal green AF is a novel biomarker for non-invasive evaluations of the local inflammation of the skin. This finding is of profound and extensive significance for non-invasive and efficient diagnosis of multiple inflammation-mediated skin diseases. This biomarker may also be used for non-invasive and rapid evaluations of the health state of the skin.
Quantitative profiling of axonal guidance proteins during the differentiation of human neurospheres
Authors: Goto-Silva Livia , Martins Michele , Murillo Jimmy Rodriguez , Rocha Leticia , Vitória Gabriela , Oliveira Júlia T. , Nascimento Juliana M. , Loiola Erick Correia , Nogueira Fabio C. S. , Domont Gilberto B. , Guimarães Marília Zaluar P. , Tovar-Moll Fernanda , Rehen Steven Kastrup , Junqueira Magno 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAxon guidance is required for the establishment of brain circuits. Whether much of the molecular basis of axon guidance is known from animal models, the molecular machinery coordinating axon growth and pathfinding in humans remains to be elucidated. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from human donors has revolutionizedin vitrostudies of the human brain. iPSC can be differentiated into neuronal stem cells which can be used to generate neural tissue-like cultures, known as neurospheres, that reproduce, in many aspects, the cell types and molecules present in the brain. Here, we analyzed quantitative changes in the proteome of neurospheres during differentiation. Relative quantification was performed at early time points during differentiation using iTRAQ-based labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified 6,438 proteins, from which 433 were downregulated and 479 were upregulated during differentiation. We show that human neurospheres have a molecular profile that correlates to the fetal brain. During differentiation, upregulated pathways are related to neuronal development and differentiation, cell adhesion, and axonal guidance whereas cell proliferation pathways were downregulated. We developed a functional assay to check for neurite outgrowth in neurospheres and confirmed that neurite outgrowth potential is increased after 10 days of differentiation and is enhanced by increasing cyclic AMP levels. The proteins identified here represent a resource to monitor neurosphere differentiation and coupled to the neurite outgrowth assay can be used to functionally explore neurological disorders using human neurospheres as a model.
Extracellular Delivery of Functional Mitochondria Rescues the Dysfunction of CD4+T Cells in Aging
Authors: Headley Colwyn A. , Gautam Shalini , Olmo-Fontanez Angelica , Garcia-Vilanova Andreu , Dwivedi Varun , Akhter Anwari , Schami Alyssa , Chiem Kevin , Ault Russell , Zhang Hao , Cai Hong , Whigham Alison , Delgado Jennifer , Hicks Amberlee , Tsao Philip S. , Gelfond Jonathan , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Wang Yufeng , Torrelles Jordi B. , Turner Joanne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction alters cellular metabolism, increases tissue oxidative stress, and may be principal to the dysregulated signaling and function of CD4+T lymphocytes in the elderly. In this proof of principle study, we investigated whether the transfer of functional mitochondria into CD4+T cells that were isolated from old mice (aged CD4+T cells), could abrogate aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improve the aged CD4+T cell functionality. Our results show that the delivery of exogenous mitochondria to aged non-activated CD4+T cells led to significant mitochondrial proteome alterations highlighted by improved aerobic metabolism and decreased cellular mitoROS. Additionally, mito-transferred aged CD4+T cells showed improvements in activation-induced TCR-signaling kinetics displaying markers of activation (CD25), increased IL-2 production, enhanced proliferationex vivo. Importantly, immune deficient mouse models (RAG-KO) showed that adoptive transfer of mito-transferred naive aged CD4+T cells, protected recipient mice from influenza A andMycobacterium tuberculosisinfections. These findings support mitochondria as targets of therapeutic intervention in aging.
A Framework for Evaluating Myocardial Stiffness Using 3D-Printed Hearts
Authors: Kolawole Fikunwa , Peirlinck Mathias , Cork Tyler E. , Wang Vicky Y. , Dual Seraina A. , Levenston Marc E. , Kuhl Ellen , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMRI-driven computational modeling is increasingly used to simulatein vivocardiac mechanical behavior and estimate subject-specific myocardial stiffness. However,in vivovalidation of these estimates is exceedingly difficult due to the lack of a known ground-truthin vivomyocardial stiffness. We have developed 3D-printed heart phantoms of known myocardium-mimicking stiffness and MRI relaxation properties and incorporated the heart phantoms within a highly controlled MRI-compatible setup to simulatein vivodiastolic filling. The setup enables the acquisition of experimental data needed to evaluate myocardial stiffness using computational constitutive modeling: phantom geometry, loading pressures, boundary conditions, and filling strains. The pressure-volume relationship obtained from the phantom setup was used to calibrate anin silicomodel of the heart phantom undergoing simulated diastolic filling. The model estimated stiffness was compared with ground-truth stiffness obtained from uniaxial tensile testing. Ultimately, the setup is designed to enable extensive validation of MRI and FEM-based myocardial stiffness estimation frameworks.
Unbiased choice of global clustering parameters for single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Verzelli Pietro , Nold Andreas , Sun Chao , Heilemann Mike , Schuman Erin M. , Tchumatchenko Tatjana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSingle-molecule localization microscopy resolves objects below the diffraction limit of light via sparse, stochastic detection of target molecules. Single molecules appear as clustered detection events after image reconstruction. However, identification of clusters of localizations is often complicated by the spatial proximity of target molecules and by background noise. Clustering results of existing algorithms often depend on user-generated training data or user-selected parameters, which can lead to unintentional clustering errors. Here we suggest an unbiased algorithm (FINDER) based on adaptive global parameter selection and demonstrate that the algorithm is robust to noise inclusion and target molecule density. We benchmarked FINDER against the most common density based clustering algorithms in test scenarios based on experimental datasets. We show that FINDER can keep the number of false positive inclusions low while also maintaining a low number of false negative detections in densely populated regions.
Old players in new posts: the role of P53, ATM and DNAPK in DNA damage-related ubiquitylation-dependent removal of S2P RNAPII
Authors: Borsos Barbara N , Pantazi Vasiliki , Páhi Zoltán G , Majoros Hajnalka , Ujfaludi Zsuzsanna , Berzsenyi Ivett , Pankotai Tibor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks are the most deleterious lesions for the cells, therefore understanding the macromolecular interactions in the DNA repair-related mechanisms is essential. DNA damage triggers transcription silencing at the damage site, leading to the removal of the elongating RNA polymerase II (S2P RNAPII) from this locus, which provides accessibility for the repair factors to the lesion. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNAPK) are the two main regulatory kinases of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, respectively. Although these kinases are involved in the activation of different repair pathways, they have common target proteins, such as P53. We previously demonstrated that following transcription block, P53 plays a pivotal role in transcription elongation process by interacting with S2P RNAPII. In the current study, we reveal that P53, ATM and DNAPK are involved in the fine-tune regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system-related degradation of S2P RNAPII. However, they act differently in this process: P53 delays the removal of S2P RNAPII, while ATM and DNAPK participate in the activation of members of E3 ligase complexes involved in the ubiquitylation of S2P RNAPII. We also demonstrate that WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2) and Cullin-3 (CUL3) are interaction partners of S2P RNAPII, thus forming a complex with the transcribing RNAPII complex.Simple SummaryTo ensure the proper repair following DNA double-strand breaks, the eviction of the arrested elongating RNA polymerase II (S2P RNAPII) is required. Here, we report an emerging role of P53, Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNAPK) in the ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent removal of S2P RNAPII. We also identified interactions between S2P RNAPII and WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2) or Cullin-3 (CUL3) (members of E3 ligase complexes), which are involved in the ubiquitylation of S2P RNAPII following DNA damage. Furthermore, the RNAPII-E3 ligase complex interactions are mediated by P53, ATM and DNAPK, which suggests potential participation of all three proteins in the effective resolution of transcription block at the damage site. Altogether, our results provide a better comprehension of the molecular background of transcription elongation block-related DNA repair processes and highlight an indispensable function of P53, ATM and DNAPK in these mechanisms.
Statistical testing in gene transcriptomic-neuroimaging associations: an evaluation of methods that assess spatial and gene specificity
Authors: Wei Yongbin , de Lange Siemon C. , Pijnenburg Rory , Scholtens Lianne H. , Ardesch Dirk Jan , Watanabe Kyoko , Posthuma Danielle , van den Heuvel Martijn P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiscale integration of gene transcriptomic and neuroimaging data is becoming a widely used approach for exploring the molecular underpinnings of large-scale brain structure and function. Proper statistical evaluation of computed associations between imaging-based phenotypic and transcriptomic data is key in these explorations, in particular to establish whether observed associations exceed ‘chance level’ of random, non-specific effects. Recent approaches have shown the importance of spatial null models to test forspatial specificityof effects to avoid serious inflation of reported statistics. Here, we discuss the need for examination of the second category of specificity in transcriptomic-neuroimaging analyses, namely that ofgene specificity, examined using null models built upon effects that occur from sets of random genes. Through simple examples of commonly performed transcriptomic-neuroimaging analyses, we show that providing additional gene specificity on observed transcriptomic-neuroimaging effects is of high importance to avoid non-specific (potentially false-positive) effects. Through simulations we further show that the rate of reported non-specific effects (i.e., effects that are generally observed and cannot be specifically linked to a gene-set of interest) can run as high as 60%, with only less than 5% of transcriptomic-neuroimaging associations observed through ordinary linear regression analyses showing spatial and gene specificity. We explain that using proper null models that test for both spatial specificity and gene specificity is warranted.