bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harming one to benefit another: The paradox of autonomy and consent in maternity care
Authors: Kingma Elselijn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper critically analyses ‘the paradox of autonomy and consent in maternity care’. It argues that maternity care has certain features that increase the need for explicit attention to, and respect for, both autonomy and rigorous informed consent processes. And, moreover, that the resulting need is considerably greater than in almost all other areas of medicine. These features are as follows: (1) maternity care involves particularly socially sensitive body parts that are regularly implicated in consent‐centred procedures, as well as in unconsented interventions, in ordinary, non‐medical life; and (2) much of maternity care (especially intervening in childbirth) is medically unique, in that it harms one patient (the mother) not primarily for the promotion of her own health but for the benefit of another (the baby). The apt comparison, within medicine, is therefore with non‐therapeutic research and transplantation medicine—both of which have elevated consent requirements characterized by very rigorous consent processes. At the same time—and this delivers the titular paradox—the importance of autonomy and consent in maternity care is at particular risk of being denied or disregarded. Jointly, these considerations make a very strong case for change: attention to and respect for autonomy and consent should be (1) core values; (2) key points of practical attention in the years ahead; and (3) central quality indicators in maternity care.
A multi‐method examination of the link between obsessive‐compulsive symptomatology and emotion‐related impulsivity
Authors: Hudiburgh Stephanie E. , Reese Hannah E. , Carver Charles S. , Çek Demet , Timpano Kiara R. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition marked by recurrent and distressing thoughts, images, and urges accompanied by repetitive physical or mental rituals. An emerging line of work suggests that emotion may be an important consideration when looking at the role of impulsivity across the spectrum of psychopathology, including OCD. The current study examined the relationship between obsessive‐compulsive symptomatology (OCS) and impulsive cognitive and behavioural reactions to emotion using a multi‐study, multi‐method approach.DesignData were collected cross‐sectionally online (Study 1) or via an in‐person laboratory visit (Study 2).MethodsIn Study 1, self‐report measures of impulsivity and OCS were administered to a large, non‐selected community sample (N = 386). Study 2 extended these findings with a young adult sample (N = 107) with clinically elevated OCS using self‐report measures, clinical interview, and two behavioural symptom provocation tasks.ResultsEmotion‐related impulsivity, but not non‐emotion‐related impulsivity, was associated with greater severity of OCS across symptom domains and across all modes of assessment. Impulsive cognitive responses to emotion were associated with greater obsession severity, while impulsive behavioural reactions to emotion were associated with greater compulsions. Emotion‐related impulsivity also acted synergistically with a belief in the importance and control of thoughts, such that this established risk factor for OCD was associated with greater OCS severity only when behavioural reactivity to emotion was also present.ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of considering emotional context when studying impulsivity in OCD, and point to the potentially differential relationship between OCS and behavioural versus cognitive impulsive reactions to emotion.Practitioner points

Emotion‐related impulsivity (ERI) reflects a tendency to act impulsively in the context of strong emotions.

ERI was associated with greater OCS across symptom domains and type of symptom assessment (self‐report, interview, or symptom provocation).

ERI also interacted with an established OCS risk factor, a belief in the importance and control of thoughts, to predict symptom severity, suggesting that it may be important to evaluate and address ERI alongside unhelpful beliefs in patients with OCS.

Given the present study’s cross‐sectional nature, we cannot draw conclusions about the directionality of the ERI – OCS relationship, and while our study included individuals with clinically elevated OCS, results should be replicated in a fully clinical sample.
Shame, guilt, and suicidal thoughts: The interaction matters
Authors: Kealy David , Treeby Matt S. , Rice Simon M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined associations between generalized shame and guilt, and suicidal ideation.MethodsIndividuals attending outpatient mental health services (N = 100) completed study measures at a single time point. Correlation and regression analyses examined associations between recent suicidal ideation and generalized shame and guilt, both concurrently and interacting, controlling for depressive symptoms and history of previous suicide attempt.ResultsWhen examined concurrently, guilt – but not shame – remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation, after accounting for effects of depressive symptoms and past suicide attempt. A significant shame × guilt interaction revealed the association between guilt and suicidal ideation intensified with higher shame.ConclusionsFindings emphasize consideration of generalized shame and guilt – and their interaction – when working with patients exhibiting suicidal thoughts.Practitioner points

Shame and guilt are self‐conscious emotions that, when generalized and excessive, may confer risk for suicidal ideation

Generalized guilt may be uniquely linked with suicidal ideation, yet this association may also amplified by shame

Both shame and guilt – and their interaction – are important to consider when working with patients exhibiting suicidal thoughts
Ecological correlates of extinction risk in Chinese terrestrial mammals
Authors: Shuai Lingying , Chen Chuanwu , Liu Wei , Xu Wenyan , Wang Yun , Zeng Zhigao , Zhang Zhirong , Zhao Leigang , Wang Yanping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimChina is among the countries with highest mammal diversity in the world, but a considerable proportion of Chinese terrestrial mammal species is currently at risk of extinction. For effective conservation, it would be fundamental to answer the following questions: (1) Is extinction risk randomly distributed among families in Chinese terrestrial mammals? (2) If not, which families are more threatened than expected by chance? (3) What are the major ecological predictors of extinction vulnerability? (4) Does taxonomic difference exist in ecological correlates of extinction risk? (5) To what extent does anthropogenic disturbance contribute to variations in extinction risk?LocationChina.MethodsWe collected data on biological traits, environmental factors and anthropogenic disturbance for 453 Chinese terrestrial mammals. We used phylogenetically controlled regression models and model selection to identify predictors of extinction risk for the whole species set and for the three large taxonomic groups (Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Lagomorpha) separately.ResultsWe found that extinction risk was not randomly distributed among families. Seven families (old world monkeys, gibbons, cats, civets and genets, musk deer, deer and bovids) contained significantly higher proportions of threatened species than expected by chance. Geographic range size was the only factor consistently supported in all the best models for the whole species set and for three large taxonomic groups. Although considered important in the global model for the whole species set, body weight was a poor predictor of extinction risk in taxon‐specific analyses. We also detected considerable differences in ecological correlates of extinction risk among Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Lagomorpha. After controlling for phylogeny, anthropogenic disturbance was not significantly correlated with extinction risk.Main conclusionsFor effective conservation, we should pay special attention to those highly threatened families and the species with limited range size. Our results also highlight the importance of performing taxon‐specific analyses for conservation practice.
Healthcare resource utilization after initiation of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors or other glucose‐lowering drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kohsaka Shun , Takeda Masayoshi , Kidani Yoko , Yajima Toshitaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo examine healthcare resource utilization in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients after initiation of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) or other glucose‐lowering drugs (oGLDs).Materials and MethodsA cost‐utilization analysis was performed using a nationwide hospital‐based administrative claims database (Medical Data Vision) during 2014‐2018 in Japan, where universal healthcare coverage is maintained under a single‐payer system. Data on T2D patients initiated on either SGLT‐2is or oGLDs during the study period (228 514 patients) were extracted and subjected to a 1:1 propensity score‐matching analysis (7626 patient pairs for DPP‐4is and 28 484 for oGLDs). Direct healthcare resource utilizations and inpatient and outpatient costs were compared.ResultsAfter matching, baseline characteristics were well balanced, including healthcare costs within 3 and 12 months before the index date (standardized difference <5% for all variables), with a mean age of 61.6‐64.1 years. While diabetes medication costs were higher in patients initiated with SGLT‐2is than in those initiated with DPP‐4is or oGLDs, further breakdown of individual cost components showed that SGLT‐2is were associated with a lower hospitalization frequency and a shorter total hospital stay (by 213.0 or 204.6 days/100 patient‐years compared with DPP‐4is or oGLDs, respectively; P < .001). Accordingly, overall mean cumulative cost per patient at the 2.5‐year postindex date was lower in patients with SGLT‐2is than in those with DPP‐4is or oGLDs by $2545 (1384.6‐3759.7) and $2330 (1793.1‐2882.9), respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsOur results show the benefits in healthcare resource utilization associated with SGLT‐2i use in Japanese T2D patients.
Increased accuracy of genomic predictions for growth under chronic thermal stress in rainbow trout by prioritizing variants from GWAS using imputed sequence data
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella M. , Yáñez José M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThrough imputation of genotypes, genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP) using whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data are cost‐efficient and feasible in aquaculture breeding schemes. The objective was to dissect the genetic architecture of growth traits under chronic heat stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to assess the accuracy of GP based on imputed WGS and different preselected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. A total of 192 and 764 fish challenged to a heat stress experiment for 62 days were genotyped using a customized 1 K and 26 K SNP panels, respectively, and then, genotype imputation was performed from a low‐density chip to WGS using 102 parents (36 males and 66 females) as the reference population. Imputed WGS data were used to perform GWAS and test GP accuracy under different preselected SNP scenarios. Heritability was estimated for body weight (BW), body length (BL) and average daily gain (ADG). Estimates using imputed WGS data ranged from 0.33 ± 0.05 to 0.55 ± 0.05 for growth traits under chronic heat stress. GWAS revealed that the top five cumulatively SNPs explained a maximum of 0.94%, 0.86% and 0.51% of genetic variance for BW, BL and ADG, respectively. Some important functional candidate genes associated with growth‐related traits were found among the most important SNPs, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B and 3 (STAT5B and STAT3, respectively) and cytokine‐inducible SH2‐containing protein (CISH). WGS data resulted in a slight increase in prediction accuracy compared with pedigree‐based method, whereas preselected SNPs based on the top GWAS hits improved prediction accuracies, with values ranging from 1.2 to 13.3%. Our results support the evidence of the polygenic nature of growth traits when measured under heat stress. The accuracies of GP can be improved using preselected variants from GWAS, and the use of WGS marginally increases prediction accuracy.
Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental‐scale review of climate‐driven species redistribution in marine systems
Authors: Gervais Connor R. , Champion Curtis , Pecl Gretta T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate‐driven changes in the distribution of species are a pervasive and accelerating impact of climate change, and despite increasing research effort in this rapidly emerging field, much remains unknown or poorly understood. We lack a holistic understanding of patterns and processes at local, regional and global scales, with detailed explorations of range shifts in the southern hemisphere particularly under‐represented. Australian waters encompass the world's third largest marine jurisdiction, extending from tropical to sub‐Antarctic climate zones, and have waters warming at rates twice the global average in the north and two to four times in the south. Here, we report the results of a multi‐taxon continent‐wide review describing observed and predicted species redistribution around the Australian coastline, and highlight critical gaps in knowledge impeding our understanding of, and response to, these considerable changes. Since range shifts were first reported in the region in 2003, 198 species from nine Phyla have been documented shifting their distribution, 87.3% of which are shifting poleward. However, there is little standardization of methods or metrics reported in observed or predicted shifts, and both are hindered by a lack of baseline data. Our results demonstrate the importance of historical data sets and underwater visual surveys, and also highlight that approximately one‐fifth of studies incorporated citizen science. These findings emphasize the important role the public has had, and can continue to play, in understanding the impact of climate change. Most documented shifts are of coastal fish species in sub‐tropical and temperate systems, while tropical systems in general were poorly explored. Moreover, most distributional changes are only described at the poleward boundary, with few studies considering changes at the warmer, equatorward range limit. Through identifying knowledge gaps and research limitations, this review highlights future opportunities for strategic research effort to improve the representation of Australian marine species and systems in climate‐impact research.
Assessment of positive iron balance in end‐stage renal disease: Could hepcidin‐25 be useful?
Authors: Savković Miljan , Simić‐Ogrizović Sanja , Dopsaj Violeta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of our study was to examine the relationship of hepcidin‐25 with red blood cell and reticulocyte indices and to evaluate the diagnostic properties of hepcidin‐25 in the assessment of positive iron balance in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.MethodsEighty anemic ESRD patients (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) were classified as having iron deficiency (ID, N = 20), iron sufficiency (IS, N = 29), and positive iron balance (PB, N = 31) using the conventional biomarkers for iron status evaluation. Hepcidin‐25 was determined by a chemiluminescent direct ELISA.ResultsHepcidin‐25 was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of hypochromic erythrocytes (%HYPO) (P = .034) and immature reticulocyte fraction (P = .010) in ID and with the absolute reticulocyte concentration in ID (P = .048) and PB (P = .040). In multivariate models, hepcidin‐25 was independently negatively associated with the mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr; β = −0.493, P = .004) and red blood cell size factor (RSf) (β = −0.334, P = .036) only in the PB group. The best hepcidin‐25 value to exclude PB was 66.13 µg/L, showing a sensitivity of 61.3%, a specificity of 75.5%, and an AUC of 0.808.ConclusionOur results suggest that hepcidin‐25 levels are independently negatively associated with the iron demand for the most recent erythropoiesis only in PB. Hepcidin‐25 performed acceptable in discriminating anemic ESRD patients with positive iron balance and may prove to be a useful additional tool in the evaluation of iron status.
Influence of baseline inducibility and activation mapping on ablation outcomes in patients with structural heart disease and ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Cano Óscar , Pérez‐Roselló Víctor , Ayala Hebert D , Izquierdo Maite , Osca Joaquín , Sancho‐Tello María José , Martínez‐Dolz Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionStand‐alone substrate ablation has become a standard ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation strategy. We sought to evaluate the influence of baseline VT inducibility and activation mapping on ablation outcomes in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) undergoing VT ablation.MethodsSingle center, observational and retrospective study including consecutive patients with SHD and documented VT undergoing ablation. Baseline VT induction was attempted before ablation in all patients and VT activation mapping performed when possible. Ablation was guided by activation mapping for mappable VTs plus substrate ablation for all patients. Ablation outcomes and complications were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and sixty patients were included and were classified in three groups according to baseline VT inducibility:group 1 (non inducible, n = 18), group 2 (1 VT morphology induced, n = 53), and group 3 (>1 VT morphology induced, n = 89). VT activation mapping was possible in 35%. After a median follow‐up of 38.5 months, baseline inducibility of greater than 1 VT morphology was associated with a significant incidence of VT recurrence (42% for group 3 vs. 15.1% for group 2% and 5.6% for group 1, Log‐rank p < .0001) and activation mapping with a lower rate of VT recurrence (24% vs. 36.3%, Log‐rank p = .035). Baseline inducibility of greater than 1 VT morphology (hazards ratio [HR]: 12.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–90.79, p = .016) was an independent predictor of VT recurrence while left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30% (HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.13–3.25, p = .014) and advanced heart failure (HR: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.75–8.01, p < .0001) were predictors of mortality or heart transplantation. Complications occurred in 11.2% (5.6% hemodynamic decompensation).ConclusionBaseline VT inducibility and activation mapping may add significant prognostic information during VT ablation procedures.
Topical therapy of atopic dermatitis with a focus on pimecrolimus
Authors: Luger T. , Paller A.S. , Irvine A.D. , Sidbury R. , Eichenfield L.F. , Werfel T. , Bieber T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing, inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired skin barrier function and immune system dysregulation that results in dryness, skin microbiome dysbiosis and intense pruritus. It is highly heterogeneous, and its management is demanding. Patients with AD are at greater risk of comorbidities such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as other atopic diseases. Early‐onset AD cases typically improve or resolve in late childhood; however, it is proposed that the prevalence of persistent or adult‐onset AD is higher than previously thought. Basic therapy consists of emollient application and trigger avoidance, and when insufficient, topical corticosteroids (TCS) are the first‐line treatment. However, corticophobia/steroid aversion and TCS side‐effects, particularly on sensitive skin areas, lead to low compliance and insufficient disease control. Several long‐ and short‐term randomized controlled and daily practice studies have demonstrated that topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as pimecrolimus, have similar anti‐inflammatory effects to low‐to‐medium strength TCS, reduce pruritus and improve the quality of life of patients. In addition, pimecrolimus does not cause skin atrophy, is steroid‐sparing and has a good safety profile, with no evidence for an increased risk of malignancies or skin infections. In general, pimecrolimus cream is well‐accepted and well‐tolerated, encouraging patient adherence and leading to its use by many physicians as a preferred therapy for children and sensitive skin areas.
Toll protein family structure, evolution and response of the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) to exogenous iridescent virus
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Guo Shengtao , He Yugui , Shi Qiong , Yang Mingqiu , You Xinxin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhiteleg shrimp is a widely cultured crustacean, but frequent disease outbreaks have decreased production and caused significant losses. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) comprise a large innate immune family that is involved in the innate immune response. However, understanding of their regulatory mechanism is limited. In this study, PacBio sequencing and Illumina sequencing were applied to the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of whiteleg shrimp and an integrated transcript gene set was established. The upregulation of Toll1, Toll2 and Toll3 transcripts in the hepatopancreas tissue of whiteleg shrimp after iridescent virus infection implies that these proteins are involved in the immune response to the virus; simultaneously, the TRAF6 and relish transcripts in the Toll pathway were also upregulated, implying that the Toll pathway was activated. We predicted the three‐dimensional structure of the five Toll proteins in whiteleg shrimp and humans and constructed a phylogenetic tree of the Toll protein family. In addition, there was a large discrepancy of Toll1 between invertebrates and vertebrates, presumably because of the loss of Toll1 protein sequence during the evolution process from invertebrates to vertebrates. Our research will improve the cognition of Toll protein family in invertebrates in terms of evolution, structure and function and provide theoretical guidance for researchers in this field.
Inhabiting Identities: On the Elusive Quality of Indigenous Identity in Mexico
Authors: López Caballero Paula 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the volatility of indigenous identity, not as inconsistency or exception but as its central explanatory principle. This research is based on ethnographic and historical examples from Mexico and Latin America. Despite general recognition that “identities are contextual,” I show that it is still relevant to dismantle the ontological register associated with identifications, whose philosophical underpinnings might be traced back to Aristotle's theory of classification. As an alternative, I develop an analytical model centered on the elusiveness of identities, based in Ernst Cassirer's theory of classification, for whom classifying means momentarily stabilizing incessantly mobile content. I also draw on theories of ethnicity and in an intellectual history framework to propose three dimensions in which the volatility of identifications can be captured: meanings, configurations, and experiences. I conclude by discussing some of the political consequences of adopting this interpretive model.