bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relations between discrimination, stressful life events, and substance use among adults experiencing homelessness
Authors: Alexander Adam C. , Waring Joseph J. C. , Olurotimi Oluwakemi , Kurien Jasmin , Noble Bishop , Businelle Michael S. , Ra Chaelin K. , Ehlke Sarah J. , Boozary Laili K. , Cohn Amy M. , Kendzor Darla E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated whether stressful life events and everyday discrimination experiences were associated with using one or more substances in the past 30‐days and substance use disorder (SUD) among adults experiencing homelessness. We obtained survey data from adults (N = 501) seeking services at a day shelter. Participants self‐reported whether they used cigarettes, other tobacco products, cannabis, alcohol, opioids, amphetamine, and cocaine/crack in the past 30‐days, and the total number of substances used were also calculated. We measured stressful life events and everyday discrimination using validated scales. We used multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression analyses to evaluate hypothesised associations. Results indicated that reporting a higher number of stressful life events was associated with past 30‐days cannabis, tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use, screening positive for a SUD, and using a greater number of substances in the past 30 days. After accounting for stressful life events, everyday discrimination was associated with only past 30‐days cannabis use. Overall, we found that reporting stressful life events was related to current substance use and screening positive for a SUD. Findings suggest that life stressors, and discrimination to a lesser extent, were associated with substance use and SUD among adults experiencing homelessness.
Software effort estimation accuracy prediction of machine learning techniques: A systematic performance evaluation
Authors: Mahmood Yasir , Kama Nazri , Azmi Azri , Khan Ahmad Salman , Ali Mazlan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoftware effort estimation accuracy is a key factor in effective planning, controlling, and delivering a successful software project within budget and schedule. The overestimation and underestimation both are the key challenges for future software development, henceforth there is a continuous need for accuracy in software effort estimation. The researchers and practitioners are striving to identify which machine learning estimation technique gives more accurate results based on evaluation measures, datasets and other relevant attributes. The authors of related research are generally not aware of previously published results of machine learning effort estimation techniques. The main aim of this study is to assist the researchers to know which machine learning technique yields the promising effort estimation accuracy prediction in software development. In this article, the performance of the machine learning ensemble and solo techniques are investigated on publicly and non‐publicly domain datasets based on the two most commonly used accuracy evaluation metrics. We used the systematic literature review methodology proposed by Kitchenham and Charters. This includes searching for the most relevant papers, applying quality assessment (QA) criteria, extracting data, and drawing results. We have evaluated a state‐of‐the‐art accuracy performance of 35 selected studies (17 ensemble, 18 solo) using mean magnitude of relative error and PRED (25) as a set of reliable accuracy metrics for performance evaluation of accuracy among two techniques to report the research questions stated in this study. We found that machine learning techniques are the most frequently implemented in the construction of ensemble effort estimation (EEE) techniques. The results of this study revealed that the EEE techniques usually yield a promising estimation accuracy than the solo techniques.
First pan‐trionychid turtle (Testudines, Pan‐Trionychidae) from the Palaeogene of Africa
Authors: Georgalis Georgios L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPan‐trionychids (soft‐shelled turtles) are known from the Neogene and Quaternary fossil record of Africa. They have so far been totally absent in Palaeogene localities of the continent although they are commonly found in Palaeogene localities across Europe, North America, and Australasia; as such, their absence from the Palaeogene of Africa has been envisaged to be genuine. Here, I describe a large costal from the Eocene of Mali, which documents for the first time the presence of pan‐trionychid turtles in the Palaeogene of the then isolated Afro‐Arabia. The affinities of the new Malian pan‐trionychid with Neogene and Quaternary forms from Africa are discussed, as well as its biogeographic origins and potential dispersal scenarios from other landmasses to Afro‐Arabia during the Palaeogene.
Vergleich der statischen Festigkeit von Lichtbogen‐ und Laserschweißverbindungen: Anwendungen aus unlegiertem Baustahl am I‐Stoß und T‐Stoß im Dünnblechbereich
Authors: Geiger Martin , Twiehaus Thorsten , Klingschat Sven , Geffers Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIm Rahmen der Untersuchungen wird ein Vergleich von Lichtbogenschweißverbindungen und Laserschweißverbindungen hinsichtlich ihrer statischen Festigkeiten erfolgen. Um einen praxisrelevanten Vergleich zu ermöglichen, werden die beiden Verfahren und deren Einfluss auf die Art der Ausführung der Verbindung berücksichtigt. Dies lässt sich am Beispiel der Kehlnaht erläutern. Während beim Lichtbogenschweißen Kehlnähte über ihr a‐Maß charakterisiert werden, wird beim Laserschweißen ohne Zusatzwerkstoff verfahrensbedingt ein Vollanschluss zwischen Steg‐ und Gurtblech angestrebt. Ziel der Untersuchung ist, die verfahrensbedingt unterschiedlich ausgeführten Verbindungen hinsichtlich der erreichbaren statischen Festigkeiten zu untersuchen und die Ergebnisse gegenüberzustellen. Für Blechdicken < 6 mm erreichen alle Proben eine vergleichbare Festigkeit. Bei den einseitig lasergeschweißten 6‐mm‐Kehlnähten ist aufgrund der fehlenden Vollanbindung das Versagen in der Schweißnaht eingetreten.
Assessment of corroded prestressed and posttensioned concrete structures: A review
Authors: Vereecken Eline , Botte Wouter , Lombaert Geert , Caspeele Robby 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrestressed structures are commonly used all over the world. They might be subjected to degradation, such as corrosion of the prestressing steel. This can influence the resistance of these structures and induce early failure. Hence, prediction of the corrosion level is important in the assessment of existing prestressed structures. For this purpose, the corrosion process and the accompanying influences on the structure should be modeled. For reinforced concrete (RC) structures, a lot of research and guidelines are available to model the corrosion process. Nevertheless, this corrosion process might differ for prestressed structures, due to the different structural composition, the different geometry of the strands or tendons compared with reinforcement bars, the presence of the prestress, and so on. Moreover, for posttensioned structures, initiation and propagation of corrosion are even more different from corrosion in RC structures, due to the location of the steel in ducts and the lack of direct contact with the surrounding concrete. In this paper, a state‐of‐the‐art on the assessment of prestressed and posttensioned structures subjected to corrosion is given based on a literature review. Different models for the corrosion process and their influence on the structure are discussed. Comparison is made between reinforced, prestressed, and posttensioned structures. Furthermore, some assessment procedures are indicated and relevant topics for further research are given.
Recent progress in biomaterials for heart valve replacement: Structure, function, and biomimetic design
Authors: Shao Ziyu , Tao Tingting , Xu Hongfei , Chen Cen , Lee In‐Seop , Chung Sungmin , Dong Zhihui , Li Weidong , Ma Liang , Bai Hao , Chen Qianming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeart diseases caused by structure and function degradation is troubling millions of people all over the world. With the extension of human lifespan, the demand for heart valve replacement is rapidly increasing. However, the currently used prostheses of heart valve in clinic such as mechanical and tissue valves all have serious limitations over long‐term stability after implanting. Therefore, novel artificial heart valves with outstanding durability and low degradation risk are still in great demands, despite of numerous studies in the literature. The sophisticated, multiscale structure of native heart valve is believed to be the key to its mechanical and biological durability during long‐term cyclic motion. In this review, we discussed the complex structure of the native heart valve as well as their contributions to the valve's cyclic work. In addition, representative and state of the art studies of biomimetic heart valves inspired by the natural valve are also introduced. Based on these, the structural and functional design of future novel biomimetic heart valves are proposed.
Recent progress on novel current collector electrodes for energy storage devices: Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Pradhan Lingaraj , Jena Bikash Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent collectors play a very crucial role in the performance of an energy storage device. Regarding supercapacitors, material design, processing, and current collectors' surface properties can result in substantial variation in energy density, power output, cyclic charge–discharge behavior, and other key performance parameters. Most of the reviews in supercapacitor materials and devices focus on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of electrode materials. In the present report, the recent advances in supercapacitor electrodes in conjunction with current collector materials and design are summarized in light of various supercapacitor devices categorized concerning their applications and working mechanisms. It includes the literature documented on multifarious supercapacitors, that is, flow supercapacitors, alternating current line filtering supercapacitors, redox electrolyte‐enhanced supercapacitor, metal ion hybrid supercapacitors, microsupercapacitors, electrochromic supercapacitors, and self‐healing supercapacitors. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is a new and recent summarized report on the development of current collector materials based on intended applications and the working principles of supercapacitors.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Energy Systems Analysis > Science and Materials
Forbidden dark matter annihilations into Standard Model particles
Authors: D’Agnolo Raffaele Tito , Liu Di , Ruderman Joshua T. , Wang Po-Jen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present kinematically forbidden dark matter annihilations into Standard Model leptons. This mechanism precisely selects the dark matter mass that gives the observed relic abundance. This is qualitatively different from existing models of thermal dark matter, where fixing the relic density typically leaves open orders of magnitude of viable dark matter masses. Forbidden annihilations require the dark matter to be close in mass to the particles that dominate its annihilation rate. We show examples where the dark matter mass is close to the muon mass, the tau mass, or the average of the tau and muon masses. We find that most of the relevant parameter space can be covered by the next generation of proposed beam-dump experiments and future high-luminosity electron positron colliders. Forbidden dark matter predicts large couplings to the Standard Model that can explain the observed value of (g − 2)μ.
Differential gene expression response of synovial fibroblasts from temporomandibular joints and knee joints to dynamic tensile stress
Authors: Nazet Ute , Neubert Patrick , Schatz Valentin , Grässel Susanne , Proff Peter , Jantsch Jonathan , Schröder Agnes , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Apart from other risk factors, mechanical stress on joints can promote the development of osteoarthritis (OA), which can also affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), resulting in cartilage degeneration and synovitis. Synovial fibroblasts (SF) play an important role in upkeeping joint homeostasis and OA pathogenesis, but mechanical stress as a risk factor might act differently depending on the type of joint. We thus investigated the relative impact of mechanical stress on the gene expression pattern of SF from TMJs and knee joints to provide new insights into OA pathogenesis.

Methods
Primary SF isolated from TMJs and knee joints of mice were exposed to mechanical strain of varying magnitudes. Thereafter, the expression of marker genes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation and bone remodelling were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results
SF from the knee joints showed increased expression of genes associated with ECM remodelling, inflammation and bone remodelling after mechanical loading, whereas TMJ-derived SF showed reduced expression of genes associated with inflammation and bone remodelling. SF from the TMJ differed from knee-derived SF with regard to expression of ECM, inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis-promoting marker genes during mechanical strain.

Conclusions
Osteoarthritis-related ECM remodelling markers experience almost no changes in strain-induced gene expression, whereas inflammation and bone remodelling processes seem to differ depending on synovial fibroblast origin. Our data indicate that risk factors for the development and progression of osteoarthritis such as mechanical overuse have a different pathological impact in the TMJ compared to the knee joint.
An automated system repair framework with signal temporal logic
Authors: Ergurtuna Mert , Yalcinkaya Beyazit , Aydin Gol Ebru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an automated system repair framework for cyber-physical systems. The proposed framework consists of three main steps: (1) system simulation and fault detection to generate a labeled dataset, (2) identification of the repairable temporal properties leading to the faulty behavior and (3) repairing the system to avoid the occurrence of the cause identified in the second step. We express the cause as a past time signal temporal logic (ptSTL) formula and present an efficient monotonicity-based method to synthesize a ptSTL formula from a labeled dataset. Then, in the third step, we modify the faulty system by removing all behaviors that satisfy the ptSTL formula representing the cause of the fault. We apply the framework to two rich modeling formalisms: discrete-time dynamical systems and timed automata. For both of them, we define repairable formulae, the corresponding repair procedures, and illustrate them over case studies.
Genome Scan for Variable Genes Involved in Environmental Adaptations of Nubian Ibex
Authors: Chebii Vivien J. , Mpolya Emmanuel A. , Oyola Samuel O. , Kotze Antoinette , Entfellner Jean-Baka Domelevo , Mutuku J. Musembi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) is a wild goat species that inhabits the Sahara and Arabian deserts and is adapted to extreme ambient temperatures, intense solar radiation, and scarcity of food and water resources. To investigate desert adaptation, we explored the possible role of copy number variations (CNVs) in the evolution of Capra species with a specific focus on the environment of Capra nubiana. CNVs are structural genomic variations that have been implicated in phenotypic differences between species and could play a role in species adaptation. CNVs were inferred from Capra nubiana sequence data relative to the domestic goat reference genome using read-depth approach. We identified 191 CNVs overlapping with protein-coding genes mainly involved in biological processes such as innate immune response, xenobiotic metabolisms, and energy metabolisms. We found copy number variable genes involved in defense response to viral infections (Cluster of Differentiation 48, UL16 binding protein 3, Natural Killer Group 2D ligand 1-like, and Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3), possibly suggesting their roles in Nubian ibex adaptations to viral infections. Additionally, we found copy number variable xenobiotic metabolism genes (carboxylesterase 1, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4, and UDP Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7), which are probably an adaptation of Nubian ibex to desert diets that are rich in plant secondary metabolites. Collectively, this study's results advance our understanding of CNVs and their possible roles in the adaptation of Nubian ibex to its environment. The copy number variable genes identified in Nubian ibex could be considered as subjects for further functional characterizations.
Real-time surface manipulation with $$C^{1}$$ continuity through simple and efficient physics-based deformations
Authors: Wang Shuangbu , Xiang Nan , Xia Yu , You Lihua , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a novel but simple physics-based method to interactively manipulate surface shapes of 3D models with $$ C^1 $$

C
1

continuity in real time. A fourth-order partial differential equation involving a sculpting force originating from elastic bending of thin plates is proposed to define physics-based deformations and achieve $$ C^1 $$

C
1

continuity at the boundary of deformation regions. In order to obtain real-time physics-based surface manipulation, we construct a mapping relationship between a deformation region in a 3D coordinate space and a unit circle on a 2D parametric plane, formulate corresponding $$ C^1 $$

C
1

continuous boundary conditions for the unit circle, and obtain a simple analytical solution to describe the physics-based deformation in the unit circle caused by a sculpting force. After that, the obtained physics-based deformation is mapped back to the 3D coordinate space, and added to the original surface to create a new surface shape with $$ C^1 $$

C
1

continuity at the boundary of the deformation region. We also develop an interactive user interface as a plug-in of the 3D modelling software package Maya to achieve real-time surface manipulation. The effectiveness, easiness, real-time performance, and better realism of our proposed method is demonstrated by testing surface deformations on several 3D models and comparing with other methods and ground-truth deformations.
The determinants and longitudinal changes in vitamin D status in middle-age: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
Authors: Ikonen Helmi , Lumme Johanna , Seppälä Jussi , Pesonen Paula , Piltonen Terhi , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Miettunen Jouko , Niinimäki Maarit , Palaniswamy Saranya , Sebert Sylvain , Ojaniemi Marja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Populations living in the Nordic countries are at high risk for vitamin D (VitD) deficiency or insufficiency. To reduce the risk, nationwide interventions based on food fortification and supplementation are being implemented. However, there is limited evidence about the impact of such public health campaigns on target populations.

Methods
We studied an unselected sample of 3650 participants (56.2% females) from the longitudinal Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with repeated measures of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at ages 31 (1997) and 46 (2012–2013). Timepoints corresponded to the period before and during the food fortification. We examined the effect of VitD intake from the diet and supplementation, body mass index and previous 25(OH)D concentration on 25(OH)D concentration at 46 years using a multivariable linear regression analysis. A 25(OH)D z score adjusted for sex, season, latitude and technical effect was used in the analysis.

Results
We observed an increase of 10.6 nmol/L in 25(OH)D, when the baseline 25(OH)D was 54.3 nmol/L. The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D below < 50 nmol/L was halved. The changes were found for both sexes and were more pronounced in winter compared to summer months. Regular VitD supplementation had a significant positive effect on 25(OH)D at the age of 46, as well as had the dietary intake of fortified dairy products and fish, and the previous 25(OH)D concentration. However, the intake of fat-spreads albeit VitD-fortified, did not predict 25(OH)D.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated the positive impact of the fortification programme on VitD status in middle-aged population.
Complements or substitutes? Associations between volumes of care provided in the community and hospitals
Authors: Lau Yiu-Shing , Malisauskaite Gintare , Brookes Nadia , Hussein Shereen , Sutton Matt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolicymakers often suggest that expansion of care in community settings may ease increasing pressures on hospital services. Substitution may lower overall health system costs, but complementarity due to previously unidentified needs might raise them. We used new national data on community and primary medical care services in England to undertake system-level analyses of whether activity in the community acts as a complement or a substitute for activity provided in hospitals. We used two-way fixed effects regression to relate monthly counts of community care and primary medical care contacts to emergency department attendances, outpatient visits and admissions for 242 hospitals between November 2017 and September 2019. We then used national unit costs to estimate the effects of increasing community activity on overall system expenditure. The findings show community care contacts to be weak substitutes with all types of hospital activity and primary care contacts are weak substitutes for emergency hospital attendances and admissions. Our estimates ranged from 28 [95% CI 21, 45] to 517 [95% CI 291, 7265] community care contacts and from 34 [95% CI 17, 1283] to 1655 [95% CI − 1995, 70,145] GP appointments to reduce one hospital service visit. Primary care and planned hospital services are complements. Increases in community services and primary care activity are both associated with increased overall system expenditure of £34 [95% CI £156, £54] per visit for community care and £41 [95% CI £78, £74] per appointment in general practice. Expansion of community-based services may not generate reductions in hospital activity and expenditure.
Polysaccharide films modified by compounds of natural origin and silver having potential medical applications
Authors: Antosik Adrian Krzysztof , Miądlicki Piotr , Wilpiszewska Katarzyna , Markowska-Szczupak Agata , Koren Zvi C. , Wróblewska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the first stage, seven polysaccharide films were prepared with varying compositions of starch, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), together with glycerol and citric acid. From these samples, the most suitable film for possible future applications in medicine in the form of patches was selected based on tensile strength tests, solubility in water, moisture sorption, swelling, and wetting angle. This film (labelled as “V”) contained (in wt%) CMS (2.5), CMC (2.5), citric acid (3), and glycerol (3). In the second stage, the selected film was used for further applications by individually introducing into it appropriate additives with known antimicrobial activity. These additives consisted of terpene compounds of natural origin (α-pinene, menthol, and eugenol) as well as colloidal silver. These four films were then studied to determine the influence of the appropriate additive on moisture absorption, solubility in water, swelling, and antimicrobial activity. The results of the microbiological tests confirmed the antimicrobial activities, and also the anti-infective and regenerative effect of these films. In general, the films containing terpenes showed comparable or better medicinal properties than the film obtained with colloidal silver. A patch prototype (with a medical net) based on the optimal film (“V”) was developed, and its flexibility is apparent in that it can take the shape and size of the area on the human body that it should cover.

Graphical Abstract