bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Rice Farmers’ Investment in Value Addition and Its Effect on Poverty Status in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Hussaini A.S. , Oladimeji Y.U. , Sanni S.A. , Abdulrahman S. 
Published: May 2021

The study examined investment of rice value addition activities among farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data used for the study were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire administered to 123 randomly selected farmers in three local government areas of the state. Data was analyzed using Foster Greek Thoerboeck (FGT) poverty index and logit regression technique. The results showed that poverty status among the rice farmers was high, as 58.3% were poor and 42.7% were non poor. The result of the analysis showed that the marginal effects of income from parboiling, winnowing, drying, destoning, and bagging value addition were negative and statistically significant related to farmer’s poverty status at 1% level. It was concluded that rice farmers’ investment in value addition should be promoted among the farmers in Kebbi State. High cost of labour (81.0%), poor marketing information (75.6%) and inadequate credit (73.1%) were the three most critical constraints limiting the farmers in engaging in value addition activities. It wasrecommended that farmers cooperatives should form collaboration with extension agent to make farmers aware of the benefits of investment in value addition activities and those farmers already investing in value addition should make use of the modern method of processing instead of the traditional practices which help to increase their income.
Keywords: Investment, Value addition, Processing, Poverty status and Rice farmers
Resuscitation of Bacteria after Dechlorination of Treated Drinking Water
Authors: Adebisi O.O. , Kayode Y.I. , Kayode-Isola T.M. , Saka B.A. 
Published: May 2021

In this study, the effects of initial bacterial load (102 , 104 and 106 cells/ml) and dechlorination idiosyncrasy on the efficacy of varying concentrations (0.018–0.126% v/v applied for 30 minutes) of a point-of-use chlorine-based proprietary disinfectant (WaterCare®) were investigated in drinking water. Results indicated that higher initial cell populations significantly affected the efficacy of the disinfectant.Subsequent dechlorination of the disinfected water resulted in resuscitation of bacteria. This was demonstrated after 1440 minutes post-dechlorination for Salmonella typhi and after at least 120 minutes for Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella dysenteriae, particularly at lower disinfectant concentrations (0.018–0.054% v/v). Thus, whilst the use of WaterCare® at the recommended dosage(0.072% v/v or 10 ml to 25 litres of clean water for 30 minutes) may produce microbiologically safe drinking water high initial microbial load and post-disinfection residual chlorine loss may limit its efficacy.
Keywords: Bacterial resuscitation, Escherichia coli, Dechlorination, Drinking water, Salmonella typhi, WaterCare®
Evidence of Malnutrition and its Associated Factors among Under-five Children in Danko-Wasagu Kebbi State, North-western Nigeria
Authors: Mada S.B. , Bawa K.D. , Saliu M.A. , Garba A. , Abarshi M.M. , Muhammad A. , Garba I. 
Published: May 2021

Malnutrition is a major health problem worldwide and causes about 2.3 million deaths among under-5 children in low- and middle-income countries annually including Nigeria. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the nutritional status of under-five children (0-59 months) and associated factors in Danko-Wasagu. The socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence of childhood diseases, anthropometric parameters and dietary pattern of the children were evaluated. The results indicated that 54.8% of the caregivers are young adults within 20 to 24 years of age with 41.7% having two living children. In addition, 58% of the caregivers have monthly family income below ₦20,000 with no any formal education. The Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and Weight-for-Height (WFH) indices indicated that none of the children had Severe-Acute-Malnutrition (SAM). However, there was 65.5% prevalence of diarrhea, 45.2% with dermatitis and 25.0% with acute respiratory infections. In addition, stunting, underweight and wasting among the children investigated were 72.7%, 29.8% and 11.9% respectively. Consumption of cereals based diet by the children was 92.7% while 28.6% and 31.0% of the children met the minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency respectively. Caregiver’s age was observed to associate significantly (p<0.05) with wasting, underweight and stunting among the children. Altogether, the presentstudy demonstrated a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition and childhood diseases even though without any case of SAM in the study area.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Nutritional status, Under-five-children, Childhood diseases, Dietary pattern
Toxicity Studies on Aqueous-Methanol Pod Extract of Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) in Wistar Strain Albino Rats
Authors: Okwunakwe A.F. , Saidu Y. , Achor M. , Isa S.A. , Abbas A.Y. , Abbas A.Y. , Bilbis L.S. 
Published: May 2021

Herbal preparation of Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) pod has long been used by a group of Hausa people from northern Nigeria called Yan tauri performers and traditional healers. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological effect of the extract in Wistar strain albino rats using biochemical, haematological and histopathological indices of toxicity. Acute toxicity (LD50) and sub-chronic toxicity studies were determined using the method developed by OECD. Twenty-five (25) rats were grouped into five(5) consisting of five(5) rats each, one of the groups served as control., Group II, III, IV and V were orally administered with the extract at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, 1200 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively for 28 days. The LD50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg and its oral administration for 28 days did not produce significant changes (P˃0.05) on biochemical and haematological indices. Histopathological evaluation revealed mild widening of Bowman’s capsule of animals administered with 1200 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg of the extract. It can thus be concluded that the pod is non-toxic.
Keywords: Vigna unguiculata pod, Yan tauri performers, Aqueous-methanol extract, Acute and subchronic toxicity
Factors Determining Birth Intervals: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Parametric Survival Approach
Authors: Adeniyi O.I. , Olonijolu I.R. , Akinrefon A.A. 
Published: May 2021

Interval between births plays an important role in maternal health as well as child health. This study applies the methodology of Flexible parametric survival models to data on successive births among Nigeria women using the dataset from 2018 National Demographic Health survey. The flexible parametric survival model with Weibull baseline distribution was found to be the best among other fitted baseline distributions. The factors, zone of residence, educational qualification, religion, economic status and age at first birth were found to be significant in predicting the birth intervals. It was found that random effect parameter indicates that the interval between successive births is similar from the same woman.
Keywords: Birth intervals, Baseline hazard, Mixed effect, Flexible parametric model, AIC.
Farmers’ Adoption of System of Rice Intensification in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu T.H. , Bello O.G. , Olatinwo L.K. , Omotesho K.F. , Adefalu L.L. , Garba I. 
Published: May 2021

The study evaluated the adoption of System of rice intensification (SRI) among rice farmers in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. A 3-stage sampling technique was used to collect data for the study through a structured questionnaire and interview schedule administered to 200 rice farmers. The results indicated that the majority of the farmers were males (83.0%) and married (68.5%) with no formal education (50.5%). Mean age was 44.1 years, household size was 8.8 persons, farming experience of 16years, average monthly income was N590,000.00 and average farm size was 1.7 ha. The most adopted SRI production practice was fertilizer and herbicide application (100.0%), planting depth (91.5%) manual land cultivation and planting method (91.0%). The respondents were at different stages of adoption with accelerating growth, rotary weeding and use of organic fertilizer having positive adoption index of 0.972, 0.970 and 0.601, respectively. Level of adoption of SRI technologies was low (34.5%) with a positive perception. Major constraints to SRI technologies were high labor ( =3.27), non-awareness of SRI technologies ( =3.14) inadequate understanding of SRI ( =2.89). The profitability of SRI in rice cultivation was higher compared to the conventional method. Therefore, the provision of more training and demonstration programmes and input subsidy should be encouraged to boost adoption of SRI for improved rice production.
Keywords: Rice Intensification, Farming activities, Training, Chanchaga, System, Niger State
Immunomodulatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Aqueous Extract on the Burrowing Crab, Cardiosoma guanhumi (Latreille, 1828)
Authors: Jesuniyi I.F , Moruf R.O , Lawal-Are A.O 
Published: May 2021

Moringa oleifera has impressive range of nutritional and medicinal values which when consumed have influence on hematological profile which is applied as an index of physiological condition of various organisms and thus provide information about the health status of local populations. The study aimed to determine the effects of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract on the hematology, serum biochemical profile and antioxidant enzyme activities of the burrowing crab, Cardiosoma guanhumi. Thirty juveniles of C. guanhumi (Average weight 43.20±0.05 g) were tested, where six crabs were randomly selected and distributed per each tank (1 x 1x 0.6m3) of 1litre of water. Different diets containing M. oleifera aqueous extract at inclusion levels of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 1.5 ml, 2.0 ml and control were used to feed the crabs. Total Haemocyte Count ranged between 2733.33±0.90 mL and 6350.00±0.60 mL; there were significant differences among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). Haemocyte sub-population variables showed that crabs fed the control and 2.0ml M. oleifera kg-1 diet had increased in the granulocyte and monocyte populations but a decrease in the agranulocytes. The results of the serum enzymes showed an increase as the level of M. oleifera aqueous extract increases in the diet. Highest superoxide dismutase (75.43 ±21.25 min/mg pro) and catalase activities (2.96±0.18 min/mg pro), malondialdehyde (12.05±2.09 nmol/L) and glutathione concentrations (0.19 ±0.02 μmol/L) were recorded in crabs fed diet T4 (2.0ml M. oleifera kg-1), while the lowest were obtained in crabs fed control diet. The present study showed that the inclusion of M. oleifera aqueous extract up to 1.0ml kg-1 will have immunomodulatory performance on Cardiosoma guanhumi without any deleterious effect on the crab’s health status.
Keywords: Hemato-Biochemicals, Land Crab, Lagos Lagoon, Plant Extract, Nigeria
Amangi field reservoir porosity and saturation estimation using seismic and well data
Authors: Inichinbia S. , Emujakporue G.O. 
Published: May 2021

The scientific knowledge of mapping reservoir geometries provide useful displays for understanding the sediment fairway orientation and transport direction, they are not detailed enough to define the best quality well connected reservoir areas needed for planningdevelopment wells. Knowing that that long term development of this field will require excellent subsurface imaging to optimize the placement of future development and production wells, so to plan for this, we used strong reflected primaries (PP) and primary-shear (PS) waves imaging for the reservoir characterization. Porosity of two hydrocarbon reservoirs is investigated for the purpose of planning production operations in Amangi field of the Nigerian Delta. Well log derived porosities were measured at five appraisal wells in the field. Point information about the porosity of the reservoirs were determined from these well log data. However, lateral variations of porosity could not be delineated from measurements made only at the sparsely located wells in the field. A 3D seismic data covering an area of about 20 km x 17.5 km were acquired to delineate the extent of the porous sand. After careful data processing, the lateral variations of seismic amplitudes were transformed to changes in rock impedances, which, in turn, are indirectly related to porosity. In contrast with the sparse well observations, the 3D seismic method provided a dense and regular areal sampling of the acoustic properties of the reservoir intervals. The results of the transformation of the 3D anisotropic seismic reflection data were integrated with petrophysical measurements at the wells to significantly improve the spatial description of porosity in this field.
Lipid peroxidation and activity of some antioxidative enzymes in the root of maize (Zea mays) cultivated on cadmium contamination soil
Authors: Ugbeni O.C. , Dania O.E. , Eruotor H. 
Published: May 2021

In this study, we examined the tolerance capacity of Zea mays to cadmium pollution. Soil was treated with varied concentrations of Cadmium; 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg/kg soil and Zea mays planted. Root samples were collected in weeks 3, 4, 5 and 6. Activities of Peroxidase, catalase superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation were investigated. Decrease in peroxidase activity was extremely significant (p <0.05) in weeks 4 and 5 while that of week 6 was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from normal. The decrease correlated with increase in Cadmium concentration. However, at the highest concentration of 30 mg/kg of soil the trend was not significant. Increase in the activity of catalase was recorded in weeks 3 and 6. This increase didn’t follow a particular trend but at higher concentration of Cd and long term exposure, it became apparent. There was a negative correlation between catalase activity and lipid peroxidation. In week 3, catalase activity was not significant (p > 0.05) and lipid peroxidation was significant (p < 0.05) while at week 4, catalase activity was significant (p < 0.05) and lipid peroxidation was not significant (p = 0.8432). Catalase activity was not significant (p = 0.2753) at week 5 and lipid peroxidation was significant (p = 0.0030). At week 6 when catalase activity became extremely significant (p < 0.05), lipid peroxidation had a p value of 0.0128. Generally no significant activity (p > 0.05) was observed for superoxide dismutase. A significant increase in absorption of cadmium (p = 0.0374) at 30mg/kg soil was observed between weeks 5 and 6. It was also observed that cadmium had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the root weight during the period of study. It’s suggestive therefore Cadmiumcontamination of soil could affect growth of maize and induce oxidative stress.
Key words: cadmium, reactive oxygen species, Thiobarbituric acid reactive species.
Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in electric grilled foods commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Distribution and contamination profiles
Authors: Nitonye Virginia I.P. , Horsfall Jnr Michael , Onyema Mark O. 
Published: May 2021

United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in electric grilled (EG) foods: plantain (EG-PN), meat (EG-MT), yam (EG-YM) and fish (EG-FH), commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, southern Nigeria. Distribution and concentrations of PAHs in the EG food samples were obtained by gas chromatography (GC) nalyses, after extraction using hexane/dichloromethane (1:3 v/v) and clean up by column chromatography. GC analyses identified 13 to 16 PAHs in the food samples with 10 observed to occur in all. Fluoranthene, pyrene (4-ring PAHs) and benzo(a)pyrene (5-ring PAH) were the most abundant, while the 2- and 3-ring PAHs were generally minor constituents or absent. Concentrations of PAHs in the EG foods ranged from 15.73 to 67.13 µg/kg and was observed to decrease in the order EG-PN>EG-MT > EG-YM > EG-FH with increase in grilling time. Ratios used as diagnostic indices of PAH formation processes indicate a combustion source for PAHs in the food samples and revealed electric grilling generated PAHs which contaminated the foods. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), used as a marker for PAH contamination in foods, had concentrations of 7.51 μg/kg, 2.68 μg/kg, 2.33 μg/kg and 1.85 μg/kg in EG-PN, EG-MT, EG-YM and EG-FH respectively. These values were above the maximum limit of 2 μg/kg set by the European Union, except for EG-FH which was slightly lower.
Keywords: Food, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Electric grill, Concentration, Diagnostic ratio, Nigeria.
TINGKAT PENDAPATAN, KONSUMSI, DAN TABUNGAN KELUARGA PENGHASIL DAN PEDAGANG KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU DI KECAMATAN BELITANG II OKU TIMUR
Authors: Aisah Aisah 
Published: May 2021

Kecambah kacang hijau adalah salah satu jenis kecambah/tauge yang paling banyak dijadikan bahan pangan atau bahan konsumsi pada umumnya, hal ini dikarenakan kecambah atau tauge dari kacang hijau banyak mengandung giji yang diperlukan untuk memperlancar buang air besar maupun untuk mengurangi kegemukan dan meningkatkan kesuburan. Pengolahan kacanag hijau diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan yang mangubah produk primer menjadi produk baru yang lebih tinggi nilai ekonominya setelah melalui proses pengolahan, maka akan dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis karena dikeluarkannya biaya-biaya sehingga terbentuk harga baru yang lebih tinggi dan keuntungannya lebih besar dibandingkan tanpa melalui proses pengolahan. Dengan adanya nilai ekonomis tersebut menyebabkan bertambahnya pendapatan rumah tangga petani sehingga menimbulkan potensi tabungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha kecambah kacang hijau di Kecamatan belitang II OKU Timur, untuk mengetahui tingkat konsumsi dan tingkat tabungan keluarga penghasil dan pedagang kecambah kacang hijau di Kecamatan Belitang II OKU Timur. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh pengusaha kecambah adalah Rp 118.575/proses dengan tingkat kelayakan usaha kecambah berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ROI sebesar 56,03%, BEP harga Rp 6.827/Kg dan BEP Produksi 0,87 Kg, Payback Period 3.57 dan R/C sebesar 1,56. Tingkat konsumsi penghasil dan pedagang kecambah adalah sebesar Rp 912.055/bulan. Tingkat tabungan penghasil dan pedagang kecambah adalah sebesar Rp 866.567/bulan.
RELATIVE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON TEACHING AND LEARNING IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibitola Makinde , Olurotimi Ogunlade , Oluwatoyin Omotoyinbo 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on students’ academic calendar of higher institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey research design guided by two research questions which were formulated to guide the study. Questionnaire was used for data collection Random sampling technique was used to select the population size. Also one and hundred fifty (150) questionnaire instruments were administered to the respondents who formed the population of the study through email. The questionnaires were filled and returned to the researcher and data collected was presented in percentage tables.
Findings: The study revealed among others that COVID-19 schools close down has affected the academic calendar of schools in Nigeria because major external examinations would be postponed. Also, COVID-19 schools close down has led to suspension of teaching and learning, and suspension of all extra-curriculum activities in higher institutions.
Recommendations: Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made. The schools administrators should ensure teachers develop strategies to cover all their scheme of work for the term before going for internal examinations, the government should provide all infrastructural facilities that will support online education in all the schools in Ekiti State to prevent any eventuality of future close down of schools because of pandemic
Cognitive Based Classroom Streaming and Self Esteem among Secondary School Students in Lira District
Authors: Odongo Okello , Otyola Wandera , Loyce Kobusingye 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between cognitive based classroom streaming on students’ self-esteem among secondary school students in Lira district. It specifically analyzed the differences in the level of self-esteem between low and high ability group of students.
Methodology: The study adopted quantitative research approach. A cross sectional comparative research survey design was used to compare the level of self esteem between low and high ability group of students. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 278 students from three secondary schools were selected using systematic random and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Data was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 23). The hypothesis was tested using independent sample t-test.
Findings: Findings revealed a significant difference in the level of self-esteem (t = 7.68, p<0.01) with high ability group of students scoring higher than low ability group. It was therefore concluded that ability grouping significantly influences students’ self-esteem.
Recommendation: The study recommended that: heterogeneous grouping, school family initiative programmes, guidance and counselling services and other co curricular activities be introduced /reinforced in schools to enable students discover their talents, build their esteem and cope with the environment.
إنتاج خرسانة خفيفة الوزن باستخدام النبات البحري (البوزيدونيا)
Authors: اللامي محمد سلمان , السعدي السعدي عبد المجيد ياسين 
Published: May 2021

يستدعى التطور العمراني والظروف الاقتصادية إلى البحث عن مواد بديلة رخيصة الثمن ومتوفرة محليا يمكن إضافتها إلى الخرسانة للحصول على خرسانة خفيفة الوزن؛ لما لهذا النوع من الخرسانة من فوائد ومزايا من حيث قدرتها على العزل الحراري، والجدوى الاقتصادية من استخدامها نظرا لخفة وزنها، مما يؤدي إلى تقليل الأحمال المسلطة على العناصر الإنشائية وبالتالي تقليل الكلفة الإجمالية للمبنى من خلال الاقتصاد في تصميم تلك العناصر. يهدف البحث إلى دراسة التغيرات التي يمكن إن تحصل لبعض خواص الخرسانة مع تغيير نوع الركام العادي بنبات بحري يعرف محليا بقش البحر) البوزيدونيا(، وذلك لتوفر هذا النبات بكميات هائلة على السواحل الليبية حيث جاءت فكرة الاستفادة منه، من خلال إجراء العديد من الفحوصات المختبرية لبيان هذه التغييرات.
حيث تم إعداد وتنفيذ برنامج عملي لبيان تأثير استبدال الركام العادي بنبات البحر) البوزيدونيا( على خواص مقاومة الضغط والامتصاص والعزل الحراري والمتانة )مقاومة التعرض للمواد الكيماوية( حيث كان المتغير نسبة الماء إلى الاسمنت (W/C). أظهرت النتائج مقاومة انضغاط جيدة لخرسانة ركام النبات البحري بالرغم من تأشير نقصانا فيها بنسبه قاربت %50 مقارنة مع خرسانة الركام العادي بالمقابل كان التحسن ملحوظا في العزل الحراري لخرسانة النبات البحري بالمقارنة مع خرسانة الركام العادي.