bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient perception and treatment convenience of dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonist when used for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: Real-world Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulant Treatment Experience (RE-LATE) study
Authors: Lee Young-Soo , Oh Yong Seog , Choi Eue-Keun , Chern Alan Koay Choon , Jiampo Panyapat , Chutinet Aurauma , Hanafy Dicky Armein , Trivedi Prabhav , Zhai Dongmei 
Published: December 2021

PurposeDabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor approved for stroke prophylaxis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Real-world data about patient preference, satisfaction and convenience in patients in Asia are not available. The study aimed to explore the perception of patients with newly diagnosed NVAF regarding dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), when used for stroke prevention.Patients and methodsThis was a multinational, multicentre, non-interventional study involving 49 sites across 5 countries in South East Asia and South Korea where 934 patients newly diagnosed with NVAF were initiated on either dabigatran (N=591) or VKA (N=343). Data were collected at baseline and over two follow-up visits across 6 months. Treatment satisfaction and patient convenience were evaluated using the Perception on Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire-2 (PACT-Q2).ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 65.9±10.4 years, and 64.2% were male. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2.4±1.5, and mean HAS-BLED score was 1.2±0.9. At baseline, patients initiated on dabigatran had higher stroke risk, bleeding risk, creatinine clearance and proportion of patients with concomitant illnesses compared with patients initiated on VKAs. Treatment convenience was perceived to be significantly better with dabigatran versus VKAs at visits 2 and 3 (p=0.0423 and 0.0287, respectively). Treatment satisfaction was significantly better with dabigatran compared with VKAs at visit 3 (p=0.0300).ConclusionIn this study, dabigatran is associated with better patient perception in terms of treatment convenience and satisfaction compared with VKAs when used for stroke prevention in newly diagnosed NVAF patients from South East Asia and South Korea.Trial registration numberNCT02849509.Plain language summaryPatient satisfaction with dabigatran versus VKAs in South East Asia. Patients with atrial fibrillation are at high risk of stroke and require anticoagulants for stroke prevention. Two such anticoagulants are dabigatran and VKAs. We wanted to compare the extent of satisfaction and treatment convenience among newly diagnosed patients with atrial fibrillation from the South East Asian region when they were given either dabigatran or VKAs. Consenting patients filled out a standardised questionnaire called the PACT-Q2 over three visits after they were started on either dabigatran (591 patients) or VKAs (343 patients). We found that satisfaction and convenience were significantly higher when patients received dabigatran than when they received VKAs.
Risk perceptions and continued smoking as a function of cigarette filter ventilation level among US youth and young adults who smoke
Authors: Carroll Dana Mowls , Tessier Katelyn M , Cummings K Michael , O'Connor Richard J , Reisinger Sarah , Shields Peter G , Stepanov Irina S , Luo Xianghua , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Rees Vaughan W 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWhile evidence demonstrates that the industry’s marketing of cigarettes with higher filter ventilation (FV) misleads adults about their health risks, there is no research on the relationships between FV, risk perceptions and smoking trajectories among youth (ages 12–17) and young adults (ages 18–24).MethodsData on FV levels of major US cigarette brands/sub-brands were merged with the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to examine whether FV level in cigarettes used by wave 1 youth/young adults (n=1970) predicted continued smoking at waves 2–4, and whether those relationships were mediated by perceived risk of their cigarette brand. FV was modelled based on tertiles (0.2%–11.8%, low; 11.9%–23.2%, moderate; 23.3%–61.1%, high) to predict daily smoking, past 30-day smoking and change in number of days smoking at successive waves.ResultsThe odds of perceiving one’s brand as less harmful than other cigarette brands was 2.21 times higher in the high versus low FV group (p=0.0146). Relationships between FV and smoking outcomes at successive waves were non-significant (all p>0.05).ConclusionYouth and young adults who use higher FV cigarettes perceived their brand as less harmful compared with other brands. However, level of FV was not associated with continued smoking.
A Simple Algorithm for Optimal Search Trees with Two-way Comparisons
Authors: Chrobak Marek , Golin Mordecai , Munro J. Ian , Young Neal E. 
Published: December 2021

We present a simple
O(n
4
)
-time algorithm for computing optimal search trees with two-way comparisons. The only previous solution to this problem, by Anderson et al., has the same running time but is significantly more complicated and is restricted to the variant where only successful queries are allowed. Our algorithm extends directly to solve the standard full variant of the problem, which also allows unsuccessful queries and for which no polynomial-time algorithm was previously known. The correctness proof of our algorithm relies on a new structural theorem for two-way-comparison search trees.
Cell-Free HPV DNA Provides an Accurate and Rapid Diagnosis of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Siravegna Giulia , O'Boyle Connor J. , Varmeh Shohreh , Queenan Natalia , Michel Alexa , Stein Jarrod , Thierauf Julia , Sadow Peter M. , Faquin William C. , Perry Simon K. , Bard Adam Z. , Wang Wei , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin S. , Varvares Mark A. , Park Jong C. , Clark John R. , Chan Annie W. , Andreu Arasa Vanessa Carlota , Sakai Osamu , Lennerz Jochen , Corcoran Ryan B. , Wirth Lori J. , Lin Derrick T. , Iafrate A. John , Richmon Jeremy D. , Faden Daniel L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+HNSCC) is the most common HPV-associated malignancy in the United States and continues to increase in incidence. Current diagnostic approaches for HPV+HNSCC rely on tissue biopsy followed by histomorphologic assessment and detection of HPV indirectly by p16 IHC. Such approaches are invasive and have variable sensitivity.

Experimental Design:
We conducted a prospective observational study in 140 subjects (70 cases and 70 controls) to test the hypothesis that a noninvasive diagnostic approach for HPV+HNSCC would have improved diagnostic accuracy, lower cost, and shorter diagnostic interval compared with standard approaches. Blood was collected, processed for circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA), and analyzed with custom ddPCR assays for HPV genotypes 16, 18, 33, 35, and 45. Diagnostic performance, cost, and diagnostic interval were calculated for standard clinical workup and compared with a noninvasive approach using ctHPVDNA combined with cross-sectional imaging and physical examination findings.

Results:
Sensitivity and specificity of ctHPVDNA for detecting HPV+HNSCC were 98.4% and 98.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of a composite noninvasive diagnostic using ctHPVDNA and imaging/physical examination were 95.1% and 98.6%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of this noninvasive approach was significantly higher than standard of care (Youden index 0.937 vs. 0.707, P = 0.0006). Costs of noninvasive diagnostic were 36% to 38% less than standard clinical workup and the median diagnostic interval was 26 days less.

Conclusions:
A noninvasive diagnostic approach for HPV+HNSCC demonstrated improved accuracy, reduced cost, and a shorter time to diagnosis compared with standard clinical workup and could be a viable alternative in the future.
Twenty-Five Novel Loci for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Genome-Wide Association Study in >45 000 Individuals and Meta-Analysis of >100 000 Individuals
Authors: Yeung Ming Wai , Wang Siqi , van de Vegte Yordi J. , Borisov Oleg , van Setten Jessica , Snieder Harold , Verweij Niek , Said M. Abdullah , van der Harst Pim 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a widely accepted marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Twenty susceptibility loci for cIMT were previously identified and the identification of additional susceptibility loci furthers our knowledge on the genetic architecture underlying atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

We performed 3 genome-wide association studies in 45 185 participants from the UK Biobank study who underwent cIMT measurements and had data on minimum, mean, and maximum thickness. We replicated 15 known loci and identified 20 novel loci associated with cIMT at
P
<5×10
−8
. Seven novel loci (
ZNF385D
, AD
AMTS9
,
EDNRA
,
HAND2
,
MYOCD
,
ITCH/EDEM2/MMP24
, and
MRTFA
) were identified in all 3 phenotypes. An additional new locus (
LOXL1
) was identified in the meta-analysis of the 3 phenotypes. Sex interaction analysis revealed sex differences in 7 loci including a novel locus (
SYNE3
) in males. Meta-analysis of UK Biobank data with a previous meta-analysis led to identification of three novel loci (
APOB, FIP1L1, and LOXL4
). Transcriptome-wide association analyses implicated additional genes
ARHGAP42
,
NDRG4
, and
KANK2
. Gene set analysis showed an enrichment in extracellular organization and the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) signaling pathway. We found positive genetic correlations of cIMT with coronary artery disease
r

g

=0.21 (
P
=1.4×10
-7
), peripheral artery disease
r

g

=0.45 (
P
=5.3×10
-5
), and systolic blood pressure
r

g

=0.30 (
P
=4.0×10
-18
). A negative genetic correlation between average of maximum cIMT and high-density lipoprotein was found
r

g

=−0.12 (
P
=7.0×10
-4
).

Conclusions:
Genome-wide association meta-analyses in >100 000 individuals identified 25 novel loci associated with cIMT providing insights into genes and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms of proatherosclerotic processes. We found evidence for shared biological mechanisms with cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Obesity on Heart Transplantation Outcomes
Authors: Chouairi Fouad , Milner Aidan , Sen Sounok , Guha Avirup , Stewart James , Jastreboff Ania M. , Mori Makoto , Clark Katherine A. , Miller P. Elliott , Fuery Michael A. , Rogers Joseph G. , Notarianni Andrew , Jacoby Daniel , Maulion Christopher , Anwer Muhammad , Geirsson Arnar , Desai Nihar R. , Ahmad Tariq , Mullan Clancy W. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Patients with obesity and advanced heart failure face unique challenges on the path to heart transplantation. There are limited data on waitlist and transplantation outcomes in this population. We aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on heart transplantation outcomes, and to investigate the effects of the new organ procurement and transplantation network allocation system in this population.

Methods and Results

This cohort study of adult patients listed for heart transplant used the United Network for Organ Sharing database from January 2006 to June 2020. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) (18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and 40–55 kg/m
2
). Recipient characteristics and donor characteristics were analyzed. Outcomes analyzed included transplantation, waitlist death, and posttransplant death. BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m
2
was used as the reference compared with progressive BMI categories. There were 46 645 patients listed for transplantation. Patients in higher BMI categories were less likely to be transplanted. The lowest likelihood of transplantation was in the highest BMI category, 40 to 55 kg/m
2
(hazard ratio [HR], 0.19 [0.05–0.76];
P
=0.02). Patients within the 2 highest BMI categories had higher risk of posttransplantation death (HR, 1.29;
P
<0.001 and HR, 1.65;
P
<0.001, respectively). Left ventricular assist devices among patients in obese BMI categories decreased after the allocation system change (
P
<0.001, all). After the change, patients with obesity were more likely to undergo transplantation (BMI 30–35 kg/m
2
: HR, 1.31 [1.18–1.46],
P
<0.001; BMI 35–55 kg/m
2
: HR, 1.29 [1.06–1.58];
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
There was an inverse relationship between BMI and likelihood of heart transplantation. Higher BMI was associated with increased risk of posttransplant mortality. Patients with obesity were more likely to undergo transplantation under the revised allocation system.
Переключение социокоммуникативных регистров как параметр лингвистической креативности: Кинодискурс vs дискурс детской литературы
Authors: Зыкова [Zykova] Ирина [Irina] В. [V.] , Киосе [Kiose] Мария [Mariia] И. [I.] 
Published: December 2021

Socio-Communicative Register Switching as a Parameter of Linguistic Creativity: Cinematic Discourse vs Discourse of Children’s LiteratureThis study is devoted to the discourse specificity of socio-communicative register switching as a parameter of linguistic creativity. A contrastive analysis of cinematic discourse and discourse of children’s literature helped to define the characteristics of register and the criteria of socio-communicative dissonance, which served to distinguish between creative and non-creative use of register switching. The study identifies three creative techniques of register switching, demonstrating socio-communicative dissonance (as intentional pragmatic distortion) in social roles, communicative situations and socio-communicative discourse format. The results indicate the parametric variance of activity in the discourse types under consideration, with higher values of both creative and non-creative techniques in the discourse of children’s literature, and higher relative values of creative vs non-creative use of socio-communicative register switching in cinematic discourse. The results also demonstrate the efficiency of the parametric method in the study of linguistic creativity. Przełączanie rejestrów socjokomunikatywnych jako parametr kreatywności lingwistycznej. Dyskurs kinowy vs dyskurs literatury dziecięcejPrzedmiotem artykułu jest dyskursowa specyfika przełączania rejestrów socjokomunikatywnych w roli parametru kreatywności lingwistycznej. Konfrontatywna analiza dyskursu uwzględniająca dyskurs kinowy i dyskurs literatury dziecięcej pomogła określić charakterystykę rejestrów oraz kryteria dysonansu socjokomunikatywnego, co posłużyło do wskazania różnic pomiędzy kreatywnym a niekreatywnym użyciem przełączania rejestrów. Stwierdzono istnienie trzech kreatywnych technik przełączania rejestrów, wprowadzających dysonans socjokomunikatywny (będący celowym zniekształceniem pragmatycznym) w zakresie ról społecznych, sytuacji komunikacyjnych i formatu dyskursu socjokomunikatywnego. Rezultaty pokazują zmienność aktywności parametrowej konfrontowanych typów dyskursu, z wyższymi wartościami zarówno kreatywnych, jak i niekreatywnych technik w dyskursie literatury dziecięcej, a zarazem wyższymi relatywnymi wartościami wykorzystania przełączania kreatywnych rejestrów socjokomunikatywnych w dyskursie kinowym. Jednocześnie rezultaty dowodzą skuteczności metody parametrycznej w badaniach nad kreatywnością lingwistyczną.
Application of preoperative ultrasound features combined with clinical factors in predicting HER2-positive subtype (non-luminal) breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Jin , Jin An-qi , Zhou Shi-chong , Li Jia-wei , Zhi Wen-xiang , Huang Yun-xia , Zhu Qian , Qian Lang , Wu Jiong , Chang Cai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype breast cancer has a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to develop a prediction model for the human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype (non-luminal) of breast cancer based on the clinical and ultrasound features related with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor2.

Methods
We collected clinical data and reviewed preoperative ultrasound images of enrolled breast cancers from September 2017 to August 2020. We divided the data into in three groups as follows. Group I: estrogen receptor ± , Group II: progesterone receptor ± and Group III: human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ± . Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the clinical and ultrasound features related with biomarkers among these groups. A model to predict human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype was then developed based on the results of multivariate regression analyses, and the efficacy was evaluated using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity.

Results
The human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype accounted for 138 cases (11.8%) in the training set and 51 cases (10.1%) in the test set. In the multivariate regression analysis, age ≤ 50 years was an independent predictor of progesterone receptor + (p = 0.007), and posterior enhancement was a negative predictor of progesterone receptor + (p = 0.013) in Group II; palpable axillary lymph node, round, irregular shape and calcifications were independent predictors of the positivity for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in Group III (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.010, p < 0.001, respectively). In Group I, shape was the only factor related to estrogen receptor status in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the model to predict human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype breast cancer was 0.697, 60.14%, 72.46%, 58.49% and 0.725, 72.06%, 64.71%, 72.89% in the training and test sets, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study established a model to predict the human epidermal growth factor receptor2-positive subtype with moderate performance. And the results demonstrated that clinical and ultrasound features were significantly associated with biomarkers.
Association of meteorological factors and ambient air pollution on medical care utilization for urolithiasis: a population-based time-series study
Authors: Noh Tae Il , Hong Jinwook , Kang Seok Ho , Jung Jaehun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
To identify the association of meteorological factors/ambient air pollutants with medical care utilization for urolithiasis and estimate the effect size/time lags.

Methods
This is a population-based time-series analysis of 300,000 urolithiasis cases from eight large metropolitan areas in Korea. Seventeen meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants were measured daily during 2002–2017 for each metropolis. Data on daily medical utilization owing to urolithiasis were collected. A generalized additive model was used while factoring in the nonlinear relationship between meteorological factors/ambient air pollutants and urolithiasis and a time lag of ≤10 days. A multivariate analysis was performed. Backward elimination with an Akaike information criterion was used for fitting the multivariate model.

Results
Urolithiasis was significantly associated with average temperature, diurnal temperature range, sunshine duration, particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm, and carbon monoxide (CO) levels. The incidence of ureteral stones was positively correlated with average temperature, PM ≤2.5 μm level, and CO level (time lags 0–9, 2–4, and 0–9 days, respectively). The incidence of renal stones was positively correlated with PM ≤2.5 μm and CO levels (time lags 2–4 and 0–9 days, respectively). PM ≤2.5 μm (0.05 and 0.07% per 10 μg/m3) and CO (2.05 and 2.25% per 0.1 ppm) conferred the highest excess risk on ureteral and renal stones.

Conclusions
Urolithiasis is affected by various meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants, PM ≤2.5 μm, and CO levels may be novel potential risk factors for this condition.
Hsa_circ_0008434 regulates USP9X expression by sponging miR-6838-5p to promote gastric cancer growth, migration and invasion
Authors: Xu Xin , Wang Shoulian , Wang Haibo , Pan Chunpeng , Yang Wenyan , Yu Jiwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC) has recently attracted increasing interest. The following study investigates the role of a newly discovered hsa_circ_0008434, which has been confirmed to be highly expressed in GC tissues, in regulating GC biological behaviour.

Methods
High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes between normal gastric tissues and GC tissues; actinomycin D and RNase R assays were used to determine the stability and loop structure of hsa_circ_0008434; and the miRanda database was used to predict the target genes of hsa_circ_0008434. The role of hsa_circ_0008434 in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was examined using CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and colony formation assays. The regulatory relationships among hsa_circ_0008434, microRNA-6838 (miR-6838), and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) were determined by dual-luciferase activity assays. The expression of hsa_circ_0008434 and miR-6838 was measured by qPCR; the expression of USP9X was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effects of hsa_circ_0008434 on in vivo tumour growth were assessed in xenograft models.

Results
We found that hsa_circ_0008434 was one of the most upregulated circRNAs in GC tissue versus normal tissue. Further in vitro testing indicated that by acting as a miRNA sponge for miR-6838-5p, hsa_circ_0008434 promotes the expression of USP9X and further increases the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. In addition, animal studies indicated that hsa_circ_0008434 could promote tumour growth in vivo.

Conclusions
Hsa_circ_0008434 may promote GC proliferation, invasion and migration by regulating the expression of miR-6838 and USP9X.
Pinhole does not increase screening accuracy of detecting decreased best corrected visual acuity in schoolchildren
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Fu Jing , Sun Ali , Li Lei , Sun Yunyun , Meng Zhaojun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Decreased best corrected visual acuity among children should be treated early in life, and vision screening in schoolchildren is an efficient and feasible selection for developing countries. Thus, the screening accuracy of different visual acuity tests is the key point for making vision screening strategies. The present study aims to explore the screening accuracy of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pin-hole corrected visual acuity (PCVA) using different vision chart in the detection of decreased best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) among schoolchildren.

Methods
Grade one primary schoolchildren in urban Lhasa with data of UCVA using tumbling E chart (UCVAE), PCVA using tumbling E chart (PCVAE), UCVA using Lea Symbols chart (UCVAL), PCVA using Lea Symbols chart (PCVAL) and BCVA using Lea Symbols chart were reviewed. Decreased BCVA was defined as BCVA≤20/32(≥0.2 logMAR). Difference, reliability, and diagnostic parameters in the detection of decreased BCVA of different visual acuity results were analyzed.

Results
Overall, 1672 children aged 6.58 ± 0.44 years fulfilling the criteria. The prevalence of decreased BCVA was 6.8%. Although no significant differences were found between UCVAE vs UCVAL (p = .84, paired t-test) as well as PCVAE vs PCVAL (p = .24), the ICC between them was low (0.68 and 0.57, respectively). The average difference between BCVA and UCVAE, UCVAL, PCVAE, PCVAL was logMAR -0.08 (− 0.37, 0.21), − 0.08 (− 0.29, 0.17), − 0.05 (− 0.30, 0.19), − 0.06 (− 0.23, 0.12) using Bland–Altman method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of UCVAE, PCVAE, UCVAL, PCVAL for the detection of decreased BCVA was 0.78 (0.73, 0.84), 0.76 (0.71, 0.82), 0.95 (0.94, 0.96), 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), respectively.

Conclusion
Pinhole does not increase the screening accuracy of detecting decreased BCVA in grade one primary schoolchildren. Visual acuity test using Lea Symbols is more efficient than Tumbling E in the screening of that age.

Trial registration
Data were maily from the Lhasa Childhood Eye Study which has finished the clinical registration on (ChiCTR1900026693).