bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and evaluating language‐based machine learning algorithms for inferring applicant personality in video interviews
Authors: Hickman Louis , Saef Rachel , Ng Vincent , Woo Sang Eun , Tay Louis , Bosch Nigel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganisations are increasingly relying on people analytics to aid human resources decision‐making. One application involves using machine learning to automatically infer applicant characteristics from employment interview responses. However, management research has provided scant validity evidence to guide organisations' decisions about whether and how best to implement these algorithmic approaches. To address this gap, we use closed vocabulary text mining on mock video interviews to train and test machine learning algorithms for predicting interviewee's self‐reported (automatic personality recognition) and interviewer‐rated personality traits (automatic personality perception). We use 10‐fold cross‐validation to test the algorithms' accuracy for predicting Big Five personality traits across both rating sources. The cross‐validated accuracy for predicting self‐reports was lower than large‐scale investigations using language in social media posts as predictors. The cross‐validated accuracy for predicting interviewer ratings of personality was more than double that found for predicting self‐reports. We discuss implications for future research and practice.
Molecular interaction between pectin and catechin/procyanidin in simulative juice model: Insights from spectroscopic, morphology, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Liang Tisong , Jiao Shunshan , Jing Pu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interactions between polysaccharides and phenolics in foods affect their physicochemical properties and bioactivity. Pectin and catechin/procyanidin present in plants ubiquitously and attracting more attentions for the potential health benefits. This work investigates the interactions between high methoxyl pectin and catechin/procyanidin in a simulative juice model using multiple microscopic and spectroscopic approaches and their influences on the antioxidant activity of phenolics were evaluated in the Caco‐2 cells model. The results showed that pectin with either of phenolic compunds exhibited lower transmittance, zeta potential, viscosity, and larger particle size than it alone. The morphology of pectin complexes with either of phenolics under experimental conditions (pH = 3.5) was observed. The ΔH° (−6.821 kJ mol−1) and ΔS° (6.357×10–2 kJ mol–1) indicated that pectin interacts with procyanidin via electrostatic interaction, whereas hydrophobic interaction was the dominant drive force between pectin and catechin (ΔH° = 1.422 kJ mol−1; ΔS° = 13.048 × 10–2 kJ mol–1). The antioxidant activities of catechin/procyanidin decreased while binding with pectin based on indexes of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this work indicated that the physicochemical property of pectin and the antioxidant activity of catechin/procyanidin were influenced by the interactions between pectin and catechin/procyanidin in a simulative food system. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions between pectin and phenolics in a simulative food system.
Protective effect againstd‐gal‐induced aging mice and components of polypeptides and polyphenols in defatted walnut kernel during simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Tian Wenhui , Wu Beiyi , Sun Liping , Zhuang Yongliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDefatted walnut kernel with pellicle (WKP) is an industrial byproduct during walnut oil extraction, which is rich in protein and polyphenols. WKP was hydrolyzed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain WKP hydrolysates (WKPHs). Results showed the protein recovery and hydrolysis degree of WKPH were 82.15 and 10.36%. The total phenol contents in WKP and WKPH were 4.90 and 40.70 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. The antiaging activity of WKPH was evaluated using ad‐gal‐induced aging mouse model. Results showed that WKPHs could recover the activities of SOD and T‐AOC and the content of MDA in tissues and serum of the aging mice. The histological morphology of liver and kidney sections and the immunohistochemistry of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in liver were observed. WKPH could effectively protect the tissue structure of the liver and kidney and reduce the inflammatory expression of liver in aging mice. The polypeptides and polyphenols in WKPH were further analyzed. Fifty polypeptides were identified and 12 of these peptides had Leu‐Arg at the C‐terminal. Forty‐two polyphenols were detected, and most phenolic compounds belonged to ellagitannins. This study provided a theoretical basis for the improved processing and high‐value utilization of walnut byproducts.Practical ApplicationDefatted walnut kernel with pellicle was hydrolyzed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain its hydrolysates. The hydrolysates have good antiaging activity in vivo. Fifty polypeptides were identified and 12 of these peptides had Leu‐Arg at the C‐terminal. Forty‐two polyphenols were detected, and most phenolic compounds belonged to ellagitannins. This study could provide a theoretical basis for high‐value utilization of walnut byproducts.
Identifying loci under selection via explicit demographic models
Authors: Luqman Hirzi , Widmer Alex , Fior Simone , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdaptive genetic variation is a function of both selective and neutral forces. To accurately identify adaptive loci, it is thus critical to account for demographic history. Theory suggests that signatures of selection can be inferred using the coalescent, following the premise that genealogies of selected loci deviate from neutral expectations. Here, we build on this theory to develop an analytical framework to identify loci under selection via explicit demographic models (LSD). Under this framework, signatures of selection are inferred through deviations in demographic parameters, rather than through summary statistics directly, and demographic history is accounted for explicitly. Leveraging the property of demographic models to incorporate directionality, we show that LSD can provide information on the environment in which selection acts on a population. This can prove useful in elucidating the selective processes underlying local adaptation, by characterizing genetic trade‐offs and extending the concepts of antagonistic pleiotropy and conditional neutrality from ecological theory to practical application in genomic data. We implement LSD via approximate Bayesian computation and demonstrate, via simulations, that LSD (a) has high power to identify selected loci across a large range of demographic‐selection regimes, (b) outperforms commonly applied genome‐scan methods under complex demographies and (c) accurately infers the directionality of selection for identified candidates. Using the same simulations, we further characterize the behaviour of isolation‐with‐migration models conducive to the study of local adaptation under regimes of selection. Finally, we demonstrate an application of LSD by detecting loci and characterizing genetic trade‐offs underlying flower colour inAntirrhinum majus.
Delayed solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis from a benign meningothelial meningioma six years after surgical resection of an intracranial tumor
Authors: Jung Jae Wan , Park Chul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeningiomas are common intracranial neoplasms with benign features, and extracranial metastases are very rare. There have been no previous reports of solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis from benign meningiomas without pulmonary lesions. Here, we present a case of an 82‐year‐old female who visited our department for mediastinal lymphadenopathy with a history of meningioma treated with total surgical resection six years prior. Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration of the left lower paratracheal lymph node revealed a benign meningothelial meningioma. In patients with a history of meningioma, extracranial metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Melting curve analysis for detection and identification of ghost parasitoids in host carcasses a month after host death
Authors: Paula Débora P. , Andow David A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Incidence of parasitism is often underestimated because ‘ghost’ parasitoids (dead unemerged parasitoids or those that have emerged leaving the host carcasses) are difficult to detect and identify. This study demonstrates that the use of melting curve analysis (MCA) of host carcasses can detect and identify DNA of ghost parasitoids even a month after host death.

The coccinellid hosts Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis and Hippodamia convergens were sampled from cole crops in 2017 and 2018 in the Midwest of Brazil, and reared and observed daily for parasitoid emergence. Dead coccinellids were held for 30 days after death before storage and only host carcasses with parasitoid emergence observed were analysed. Species‐specific primers were designed for the identification of the parasitoid species that emerged during host rearing: Dinocampus coccinellae, Homalotylus mirabilis, Ho. terminalis, Strongygaster triangulifera and Phalacrotophora sp. The melting temperatures (Tm) of their amplicons were used as positive controls in MCA post‐amplification in qPCR.

Detection of parasitoid DNA in host carcasses was possible for D. coccinellae, Ho. mirabilis and Phalacrotophora sp. with a limit of detection (LOD) for all the parasitoids <1 pg of DNA, except for Phalacroptopthora sp. (LOD = 1.9 ng). Parasitoids were detected in 31 out of 70 host carcasses (44.3%) with detection ranging from 0% to 71%, depending on the parasitoid species.

Synthesis and applications. This work demonstrates that MCA could be used to detect and rapidly identify the DNA of some parasitoid species (e.g. Ho. mirabilis, D. coccinellae and Phalacrotophora sp.) in host carcasses up to a month after parasitoid emergence with high sensitivity and specificity. MCA can be used on any field‐collected host and, for some parasitoid species, it should lead to more accurate estimates of the incidence of parasitism. Our approach can be easily adapted and applied to study other parasitoid–host interactions.
The lure of the Lüer connector: Non‐Lüer connectors in regional anaesthesia
Authors: Wiepking F. S. S. , Van Zundert A. A. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHealth service professionals do not have perfect vigilance. There will always be the possibility that a serious untoward incident can occur due to crossover injections of medication being administered via the wrong route. The universality of the Lüer connector made it very easy to connect several medical devices for different therapeutic uses. Although this was considered a bonus, it also showed the downside as a string of incidents, leading to permanent harm and even death, occurred, warranting actions to prevent the chance of misconnections and wrong‐route injections. The International Organisation for Standardisation introduced specific ISO 80 369 connectors for use in different medical systems, with the ISO 80369‐6 series of standards specifically designed to improve safety in regional anaesthesia. Human error can never be completely eliminated, but the risk of a patient inadvertently suffering from an inadvertent wrong‐route injection can be reduced through the use of new ‘fit and no‐fit’ technology. This article focuses on the universality of the Lüer connector and the introduction of the newly engineered non‐Lüer connectors, for specific use in medical systems.
Reasons for physician‐related variability in end‐of‐life decision‐making in intensive care
Authors: Nordenskjöld Syrous Alma , Malmgren Johan , Odenstedt Hergès Helena , Olausson Sepideh , Kock‐Redfors Maria , Ågård Anders , Block Linda 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that the individual physician is the main factor influencing variability in end‐of‐life decision‐making in intensive care units. End‐of‐life decisions are complex and should be adapted to each patient. Physician‐related variability is problematic as it may result in unequal assessments that affect patient outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate factors contributing to physician‐related variability in end‐of‐life decision‐making.MethodThis is a qualitative substudy of a previously conducted study. In‐depth thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 19 critical care specialists from five different Swedish intensive care units was performed. Interviews took place between 1 February 2017 and 31 May 2017.ResultsFactors influencing physician‐related variability consisted of different assessment of patient preferences, as well as intensivists' personality and values. Personality was expressed mainly through pace and determination in the decision‐making process. Personal prejudices appeared in decisions, but few respondents had personally witnessed this. Avoidance of criticism and conflicts as well as individual strategies for emotional coping were other factors that influenced physician‐related variability. Many respondents feared criticism for making their assessments, and the challenging nature of end‐of‐life decision‐making lead to avoidance as well as emotional stress.ConclusionVariability in end‐of‐life decision‐making is an important topic that needs further investigation. It is imperative that such variability be acknowledged and addressed in a more formal and transparent manner. The ethical issues faced by intensivists have recently been compounded by the devastating impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, demonstrating in profound terms the importance of the topic.
Glycemic lability index and mortality in critically ill patients—A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hanna Michel , Balintescu Anca , Glassford Neil , Lipcsey Miklos , Eastwood Glenn , Oldner Anders , Bellomo Rinaldo , Mårtensson Johan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates a relationship between glycemic variability during intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. We assessed whether mean glucose, hypoglycemia occurrence, or premorbid glycemic control modified this relationship.MethodsIn this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we included adult patients admitted to five ICUs in Australia and Sweden with available preadmission glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and three or more glucose readings. We calculated the glycemic lability index (GLI), a measure of glycemic variability, and the time‐weighted average blood glucose (TWA‐BG) from all glucose readings. We used logistic regression analysis with adjustment for hypoglycemia and admission characteristics to assess the independent association of GLI (above vs. below cohort median) and TWA‐BG (above vs. below cohort median) with hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 2305 patients, 859 (37%) had diabetes, median GLI was 40 [mmol/L]2/h/week, median TWA‐BG was 8.2 mmol/L, 171 (7%) developed hypoglycemia, and 371 (16%) died. The adjusted odds ratio for death was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.19‐2.15; P = .002) for GLI above versus below median and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.80‐1.41; P = .67) for TWA‐BG above versus below median. The relationship between GLI and mortality was not modified by TWA‐BG (P [interaction] = 0.66), a history of diabetes (P [interaction] = 0.89) or by HbA1c ≥52 mmol/mol (vs. <52 mmol/mol) (P [interaction] = 0.29).ConclusionIn adult patients admitted to an ICU in Sweden and Australia, a high GLI was associated with increased hospital mortality irrespective of the level of mean glycemia, hypoglycemia occurrence, or premorbid glycemic control. These findings support the assessment of interventions to reduce glycemic variability during critical illness.
Difference in postoperative opioid consumption after spinal versus general anaesthesia for ankle fracture surgery—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lehto Pasi M. , Vakkala Merja A. , Alahuhta Seppo , Liisanantti Janne H. , Kortekangas Tero H. J. , Hiltunen Kaisu , Nyman Emma‐Sofia , Kaakinen Timo I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical treatment of ankle fracture is associated with significant pain and high postoperative opioid consumption. The anaesthesia method may affect early postoperative pain. The main objective of the study was to compare postoperative opioid consumption after ankle‐fracture surgery between patients treated with spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the files of 586 adult patients with surgically treated ankle fracture in the years 2014 through 2016. The primary outcome was opioid consumption during the first 48 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes were maximal pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, the length of stay in the post‐anaesthesia care unit, and opioid use in different time periods up to 48 h postoperatively. Propensity score matching was used to mitigate confounding variables.ResultsTotal opioid consumption 48 h postoperatively was significantly lower after spinal anaesthesia (propensity score‐matched population: effect size −13.7 milligrams; 95% CI −18.8 to −8.5; P < .001). The highest pain score on the numerical rating scale in the post‐anaesthesia care unit was significantly higher after general anaesthesia (propensity score‐matched population: effect size 3.7 points; 95% CI 3.2‐4.2; P < .001). A total of 60 patients had postoperative nausea and vomiting in the post‐anaesthesia care unit, 53 (88.3%) of whom had general anaesthesia (P = .001).ConclusionsPatients with surgically treated ankle fracture whose operation was performed under general anaesthesia used significantly more opioids in the first 48 h postoperatively, predominantly in the post‐anaesthesia care unit, compared with patients given spinal anaesthesia.
Ischaemic vascular disease and long‐term mortality in emergency abdominal surgical patients: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tvarnø Casper D. , Lohse Nicolai , Møller Morten H. , Møller Ann M. , Vester‐Andersen Morten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergency abdominal surgery carries a high mortality, as patients are often frail with significant comorbidity. We aimed to evaluate the association between co‐existing ischaemic vascular disease (IVD) and long‐term mortality in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery.MethodsWe included adult emergency abdominal surgical patients operated on 13 Danish hospitals between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Appendectomies were excluded. Data were retrieved from the National Patient Registry (NPR) and the Danish Anaesthesia Database. Preoperative IVD status was retrieved from NPR. We used crude and adjusted Cox regression analysis. The primary outcome was mortality within eight years. The secondary outcome was mortality within 30 days.ResultsWe included 4864 patients, of which 2584 (53.7%) died within 8 years. Some 20.9% (1019/4864) had preoperative IVD. The adjusted association between preoperative IVD and mortality within 8 years was hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐1.20; P = .045). At 30 days, this association was HR 0.97 (95% CI, 0.84‐1.13).ConclusionIn adult major emergency abdominal surgical patients, preoperative IVD was prevalent and associated with a 10% relative increase in long‐term mortality, but not in short‐term mortality.
Twenty‐four‐hour fluid administration in emergency department patients with suspected infection: A multicenter, prospective, observational study
Authors: Jessen Marie K. , Andersen Lars W. , Thomsen Marie‐Louise H. , Jensen Marie E. , Kirk Mathilde E. , Kildegaard Sofie , Petersen Poul , Mohey Rajesh , Madsen Anders H. , Perner Anders , Kølsen Petersen Jens Aage , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe 24‐hour fluid administration in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected infection.MethodsA prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in three Danish hospitals, January 20 to March 2, 2020. We included consecutive adult ED patients with suspected infection (drawing of blood culture and/or intravenous antibiotic administration within 6 hours of admission). Oral and intravenous fluids were registered for 24 hours. Primary outcome: 24‐hour total fluid volume. We used linear regression to investigate patient and disease characteristics' effect on 24‐hour fluids and to estimate the proportion of the variance in fluid administration explained by potential predictors.Results734 patients had 24‐hour fluids available: 387 patients had simple infection, 339 sepsis, eight septic shock. Mean total 24‐hour fluid volumes were 3656 mL (standard deviation [SD]:1675), 3762 mL (SD: 1839), and 6080 mL (SD: 3978) for the groups, respectively. Fluid volumes varied markedly. Increasing age (mean difference [MD]: 60‐79 years: −470 mL [95% CI: −789, −150], +80 years; −974 mL [95% CI: −1307, −640]), do‐not‐resuscitate orders (MD: −466 mL [95% CI: −797, −135]), and preexisting atrial fibrillation (MD: −367 mL [95% CI: −661, −72) were associated with less fluid. Systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (MD: 1182 mL [95% CI: 820, 1543]), mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg (MD: 1317 mL [95% CI: 770, 1864]), lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L (MD: 655 mL [95% CI: 306, 1005]), heart rate > 120 min (MD: 566 [95% CI: 169, 962]), low (MD: 1963 mL [95% CI: 813, 3112]) and high temperature (MD: 489 mL [95% CI: 234, 742]), SOFA score > 5 (MD: 1005 mL [95% CI: 501, 510]), and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (MD: 498 mL [95% CI: 30, 965]) were associated with more fluid. Clinical variables explained 37% of fluid variation among patients.ConclusionsPatients with simple infection and sepsis received equal fluid volumes. Fluid volumes varied markedly, a variation that was partly explained by clinical characteristics.
The labour surplus and COVID‐19: the outlook for Chinese migrant low‐skilled workers
Authors: Wang Jenny Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the disruption to global supply chains caused by COVID‐19 and how such disruptions will affect the participation of Chinese businesses in those chains. The focus is on the post‐COVID‐19 outlook for migrant workers working in the hospitality and garment industries. It is argued that managers within global supply chains will use accounting processes to maintain profitability by cutting costs. Moreover, within corporate supply chains, wages will be driven down in an increasingly competitive labour market, especially for low‐skilled workers. The findings show that COVID‐19 will have an adverse effect on wages and employment and raise performance expectations.
Loss aversion and high stakes
Authors: Easton Stephen , Pinder Sean 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFollowing Kahneman and Tversky, studies such as those by Haigh and List, Ert and Erev and Mukherjee et al. find that loss aversion increases as stake increases. This study extends the 2011 work of Berger and Pope by analysing over 68,000 US professional basketball games played from the initial National Basketball Association (NBA) season in 1946/1947 to the 2018/2019 season, and over 69,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) games played from the 2007/2008 season to the 2018/2019 season. We posit that, a priori, stakes, and therefore loss aversion, will be greater for NBA teams than for NCAA teams, and higher for home teams than for away teams. Further, loss aversion is expected to be greater for favourites, that is, teams that are expected to win. We model outcomes using a digital call option. This model allows for necessary non‐linearity in the relation between halftime score and winning percentage. It also provides an analysis for which the result for home (favourite) teams is not simply the converse of that for away (underdog) teams. We find evidence of better‐than‐expected performance for NBA home teams that are behind by up to four points, and for favourites that are behind by between two and seven points. We find no evidence of this effect with respect to NBA away teams, NBA underdogs, nor for NCAA teams – whether home or away. Our results suggest that loss aversion is apparent when stakes are high.