bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 Dominated Bifunctional Catalytic Sites for Efficient Industrial Exhaust Conversion
Authors: Dong Man , Zhou Jie , Zhong Jun , Li Hai‐Tao , Sun Chun‐Yi , Han Yi‐Dong , Kou Jun‐Ning , Kang Zhen‐Hui , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConverting industrial exhaust into valuable chemicals is crucial for sustainable economic development. Direct CO2 photoreduction from real flue gas is an ideal clean and promising way, until now, without success. Here, photoreduction of exhaust gas from the power plant by Ni bridged COF (Ni@TPHH‐COF) is shown. Under visible light, syngas is produced with CO output reaching 2.1 mol kg−1 h−1. The ideal conversion of flue gas is up to 672 L kg−1 h−1. Of note, the system exhibits appealing yield and selectivity under 0.5–40% CO2 and AQY achieves 3.96% under 10% CO2, ranking among the highest value of reported photocatalysts. Mechanism studies suggest CO2 plays a dual function as both a component of a catalytic site and a reactant, which can not only selectively enrich CO2 in catalytic sites but improve reaction rate significantly. This CO2‐dominated bifunctional site prolongs electrons lifetime, stabilizes intermediates, and reduces free energy of reduction under diluted CO2.
Ultrafast Synthesis of I‐Rich Lithium Argyrodite Glass–Ceramic Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Liu Yu , Peng Hongling , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium argyrodites are one of the most promising sulfide electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and ductile feature. Among them, Li6PS5I (LPSI) exhibits better stability against Li metal but a rather low ionic conductivity (only ≈10−6 S cm−1) because of the absence of S2−/I− disorder. Herein, argyrodite Li6−xPS5−xI1+x glass–ceramic electrolytes with high iodine content are synthesized using ultimate‐energy mechanical alloying method. S2−/I− disorder is successfully introduced into the system by doping LiI during this one‐pot process. Determined by 6Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the introduction of iodine promotes Li+ inter‐cage jumps, leading to an enhanced long‐range Li+ conducting. The Li5.6PS4.6I1.4 glass–ceramic electrolyte (LPSI1.4‐gc) possesses high ionic conductivity (2.04 mS cm−1) and excellent stability against Li metal. The Li symmetric cell with the LPSI1.4‐gc electrolyte demonstrates ultralong cycling stability over 3200 h at 0.2 mA cm−2. LiCoO2/Li6PS5Cl/Li all‐solid‐state battery applying LPSI1.4‐gc as the anode interlayer also presents prominent cycling and rate performance. This work provides a novel type of electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and stability against Li metal.
Vapor‐Phase Fabrication of Cell‐Accommodated Scaffolds with Multicomponent Functionalization for Neuronal Applications
Authors: Wu Ting‐Ying , Wu Chih‐Yu , Christy Jane , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Guan Zhen‐Yu , Yu Jiashing , Chen Hsien‐Yeh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultifunctional scaffolds are needed for neurogenetic tissue engineering. The rationale of the proposed advanced scaffold features a friendly vapor‐phased fabrication process involving no solvents, initiators, or harmful chemical agents. The state‐of‐the‐art fabrication mechanism is exploited in this study to fabricate a neuron‐guiding porous scaffold based on controlling the thermodynamic properties and mass‐transport phenomenon of the molecules that involve two simultaneous processes of water molecule sublimation and poly‐p‐xylylene deposition. More importantly, variations in the functional molecules are arranged in terms of the composition and spatial location within the scaffold construct to provide multiple functions, including excellent biocompatibility by poly‐p‐xylylene, electrical conductivity by poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and multicomponent growth factors by platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). In addition, pheochromocytoma 12 cell line (PC‐12) cells are preloaded to ensure homogeneous distribution. High cell viability is also observed with spherical aggregates of PC‐12 cells, verifying enhanced cell–cell interactions and cell–matrix interactions and finally enhancing cellular responses, while increased efficiency of neurogenetic differentiation with upregulated Nestin and Tuj‐1 gene expression is confirmed, showing enhancement of neuron‐like cells differentiation in fabricated scaffold constructs. The advanced scaffold represents a prospective synthetic tissue engineering product with sophisticated engineering guidance of molecular composition and distribution and control of cellular activities and differentiation.
Laser‐Induced Graphenization of PDMS as Flexible Electrode for Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Zaccagnini Pietro , Ballin Chiara , Fontana Marco , Parmeggiani Matteo , Bianco Stefano , Stassi Stefano , Pedico Alessandro , Ferrero Sergio , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLaser graphenization of polymeric surfaces has emerged as one of the most promising technologies to fabricate flexible electrodes. Unfortunately, despite the large number of materials suitable for laser‐induced graphene (LIG) fabrication, there is a lack of stretchable polymers, hindering the full exploitation of LIG for flexible electronics. Herein, the laser graphenization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the most exploited elastomeric substrate for flexible electronic device fabrication, is proposed for the first time. The low carbon content and the absence of aromatic structures strongly limit the graphenization process resulting in limited conduction properties. Nevertheless, by adding triethylene glycol (TEG) as carbon source into the PDMS matrix, it is possible to improve the graphenization and to reduce the sheet resistance of the written LIG by two orders of magnitude down to 130 ohm sq−1. The PDMS‐TEG material becomes a suitable candidate for flexible microsupercapacitor fabrication with specific capacitance values as high as 287 µF cm−2 and energy and power density approaching LIG‐based supercapacitors fabricated onto traditional polyimide substrates.
Structured Scintillators for Efficient Radiation Detection
Authors: Lin Ziyu , Lv Shichao , Yang Zhongmin , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScintillators, which can convert high‐energy ionizing radiation into visible light, have been serving as the core component in radiation detectors for more than a century of history. To address the increasing application demands along with the concern on nuclear security, various strategies have been proposed to develop a next‐generation scintillator with a high performance in past decades, among which the novel approach via structure control has received great interest recently due to its high feasibility and efficiency. Herein, the concept of “structure engineering” is proposed for the exploration of this type of scintillators. Via internal or external structure design with size ranging from micro size to macro size, this promising strategy cannot only improve scintillator performance, typically radiation stopping power and light yield, but also extend its functionality for specific applications such as radiation imaging and therapy, opening up a new range of material candidates. The research and development of various types of structured scintillators are reviewed. The current state‐of‐the‐art progresses on structure design, fabrication techniques, and the corresponding applications are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook focusing on the current challenges and future development is proposed.
A Multifunctional Neutralizing Antibody‐Conjugated Nanoparticle Inhibits and Inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Cai Xiaolei , Chen Min , Prominski Aleksander , Lin Yiliang , Ankenbruck Nicholas , Rosenberg Jillian , Nguyen Mindy , Shi Jiuyun , Tomatsidou Anastasia , Randall Glenn , Missiakas Dominique , Fung John , Chang Eugene B. , Penaloza‐MacMaster Pablo , Tian Bozhi , Huang Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has resulted in a global pandemic. Despite intensive research, the current treatment options show limited curative efficacies. Here the authors report a strategy incorporating neutralizing antibodies conjugated to the surface of a photothermal nanoparticle (NP) to capture and inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2. The NP is comprised of a semiconducting polymer core and a biocompatible polyethylene glycol surface decorated with high‐affinity neutralizing antibodies. The multifunctional NP efficiently captures SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirions and completely blocks viral infection to host cells in vitro through the surface neutralizing antibodies. In addition to virus capture and blocking function, the NP also possesses photothermal function to generate heat following irradiation for inactivation of virus. Importantly, the NPs described herein significantly outperform neutralizing antibodies at treating authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in vivo. This multifunctional NP provides a flexible platform that can be readily adapted to other SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and extended to novel therapeutic proteins, thus it is expected to provide a broad range of protection against original SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants.
Asymmetric Oxo‐Bridged ZnPb Bimetallic Electrocatalysis Boosting CO2‐to‐HCOOH Reduction
Authors: Mohamed Aya Gomaa Abdelkader , Zhou Enbo , Zeng Zipeng , Xie Jiafang , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Yaobing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is one of the promising CO2 recycling technologies sustaining the natural carbon cycle and offering more sustainable higher‐energy chemicals. Zn‐ and Pb‐based catalysts have improved formate selectivity, but they suffer from relatively low current activities considering the competitive CO selectivity on Zn. Here, lead‐doped zinc (Zn(Pb)) electrocatalyst is optimized to efficiently reduce CO2 to formate, while CO evolution selectivity is largely controlled. Selective formate is detected with Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOOH) of ≈95% at an outstanding partial current density of 47 mA cm–2 in a conventional H‐Cell. Zn(Pb) is further investigated in an electrolyte‐fed device achieving a superior conversion rate of ≈100 mA cm–2 representing a step closer to practical electrocatalysis. The in situ analysis demonstrates that the Pb incorporation plays a crucial role in CO suppression stem from the generation of the Pb–O–C–O–Zn structure rather than the CO‐boosted Pb–O–C–Zn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the alloying effect tunes the adsorption energetics and consequently modifies the electronic structure of the system for an optimized asymmetric oxo‐bridged intermediate. The alloying effect between Zn and Pb controls CO selectivity and achieves a superior activity for a selective CO2‐to‐formate reduction.
Bio‐Inspired Adaptive Sensing through Electropolymerization of Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Ghazal Mahdi , Daher Mansour Michel , Scholaert Corentin , Dargent Thomas , Coffinier Yannick , Pecqueur Sébastien , Alibart Fabien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors are considered today as a key technology to interact with a biological medium through their intrinsic ionic‐electronic coupling. In this paper, the authors show how this coupling can be finely tuned (in operando) post‐microfabrication via the electropolymerization technique. This strategy exploits the concept of adaptive sensing where both transconductance and impedance are tunable and can be modified on‐demand to match different sensing requirements. Material investigation through Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy reveals that electropolymerization can lead to a fine control of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microdomains organization, which directly affects the iono‐electronic properties of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). They further highlight how volumetric capacitance and effective mobility of PEDOT:polystyrene sulfonate influence distinctively the transconductance and impedance of OECTs. This approach shows to improve the transconductance by 150% while reducing their variability by 60% in comparison with standard spin‐coated OECTs. Finally, they show how the technique can influence voltage spike rate hardware classification with direct interest in bio‐signals sorting applications.
Improved Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules by Regulating Interfacial Ion Diffusion with Nonionic Cross‐Linked 1D Lead‐Iodide
Authors: Zeng Haipeng , Li Lin , Liu Fengxiang , Li Min , Zhang Shujing , Zheng Xin , Luo Long , You Shuai , Zhao Yang , Guo Rui , Gong Zhongmiao , Huang Rong , Li Zhe , Wang Ti , Cui Yi , Rong Yaoguang , Li Xiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐term stability has become the major obstacle for the successful large‐scale application of perovskites devices. Owing to the ionic nature of metal‐halide perovskites, the interfacial ion diffusion can induce irreversible degradation under operational conditions, which presents a great challenge to realize stable perovskite solar modules. Here, a diphenylphosphine oxide compound, ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (DPPO) is introduced to coordinate with lead iodide and form a cross‐linked 1D Pb3I6‐DPPO (1D‐PbI2) complex. These judiciously designed cross‐linked nonionic low‐dimensional lead halide/organic adducts can passivate the defects of perovskite while acting as a robust ion diffusion barrier, thus significantly improving the electronic quality and intrinsic stability of perovskite films. As a result, high‐performance inverted (p‐i‐n) solar modules with a champion efficiency approaching 19% (a certified stabilized efficiency of 17.8%) for active device areas above 17 cm2 without the use of antisolvents, accompanied by outstanding operational stability under heat stress and continuous illumination are achieved.
Regulating Electron Redistribution of Intermetallic Iridium Oxide by Incorporating Ru for Efficient Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: He Jing , Zhou Xin , Xu Ping , Sun Jianmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance electrocatalysts to catalyze water splitting for the generation of sustainable hydrogen remains a challenge in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. However, the only applicable IrOx in PEM electrolyzers for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a multiproton‐coupled process, requires a higher standard due to the weak oxygen bonding on Ir sites, which causes high overpotential and poor stability under oxidative and acidic conditions. Herein, the intermetallic Ru1Ir1Ox is synthesized through incorporation of Ru into IrOx, which exhibits a record overpotential of 204 mV (10 mA cm−2geo) and excellent stability of 110 h (100 mA cm−2geo) with a high stability number (1.13 × 106) toward the acidic OER. Through fine characterizations, Ir sites with lower than +4 valence state are observed due to charge redistribution, in turn enhancing the acidic OER performance. Theoretical calculations reveal that incorporation of Ru effectively moves the Fermi level to the Ir 5d band center, thus enhancing the adsorption of oxygen intermediates and decreasing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step from 1.02 to 0.65 eV. The decreased valence states of Ir and enhanced valence state of Ru due to the charge redistribution significantly tunes the electronic structure of Ir sites, thereby drastically enhancing the OER performance.
Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: germination phenology and responses to winter warming
Authors: Kuroda Asumo , Sawada Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPremiseIn temperate sand dunes, rising air temperature from climate change could not only further elevate surface soil temperatures during summers, but also drastically change the range of soil temperatures in other seasons. Winter warming may shift the timing of seed germination of dune species that require cold stratification for dormancy release.MethodsWe assessed the effects of temperature on dormancy and germination of Viola grayi seeds and evaluated whether winter warming could affect its germination phenology by conducting germination experiments and analyzing soil temperature data in cold and warm winters.ResultsViola grayi seeds were dormant when dispersed in spring. One‐month moist‐chilling treatment (4°C) effectively released dormancy, while short, intermittent lower temperatures (alternating 20°/5°C) did not. Continuous higher temperatures induced secondary dormancy in nondormant seeds. During a cold, snowy winter, the surface soil temperatures of the sand dune remained at 0°–2°C for approximately 1 month owing to the accumulated snow, while the period of such stable low soil temperatures was much shorter during a warm, less‐snowy winter, and the highest soil temperature reached 20°–25°C. These results suggest that dispersed seeds germinate in the following spring after winter chilling, but they may remain dormant after warm winters.ConclusionsWith winter warming, seed dormancy of V. grayi seeds could be prolonged and the associated germination delayed. Assessing the minimum requirements for dormancy release and the potential to form persistent soil seed banks is important for judging the necessity and urgency of conservation efforts for temperate dune species.
Genetic variation of the relict maple Acer miyabei: uncovering its history of disjunct occurrence and the role of mountain refugia in shaping genetic diversity
Authors: Saeki Ikuyo , Hirao Akira S. , Kenta Tanaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPremiseRelict species provide valuable insights into the origin and formation of extant vegetation. Here, we aimed to elucidate the genetic structure and diversity of a riparian relic, Acer miyabei, in Japan. Once widely distributed, it now occurs in three isolated regions. The most northern regional group is located at low elevation on Hokkaido Island, whereas the southernmost group in central Honshu Island is at high elevation in a mountainous landscape. This contrastive distribution enables us to examine the effects of climate oscillations on genetic diversity in relation to topographic variation.MethodsWe collected 604 individuals of A. miyabei from 43 sites. Their genetic structure and diversity were analyzed using 12 microsatellite markers and cpDNA sequences.ResultsAccording to structure analyses, ∆K was lowest at K = 2; the clustering essentially separated many of the individuals in the most northern regional group from the others. In contrast, the two southern groups were not clearly differentiated from each other, despite their geographic discontinuity. The proportion of private alleles was high in populations from the mountain terrain in the southern group although the number of extant populations is limited.ConclusionsGenetic clustering of A. miyabei is not perfectly congruent with the current patterns of geographic distribution. We infer that disjunction of the two southern groups occurred more recently than that between these groups and the northern group. The mountainous landscape in the most southern region likely provided multiple refugia and contributed to the retention of distinctive genetic variation.
Expanding the phenotypic and allelic spectrum of SMG8: Clinical observations reveal overlap with SMG9‐associated disease trait
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Duan Ruizhi , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Sayed Inas S. M. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Khan Ziad , Du Haowei , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Marafi Dana , Lupski James R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSMG8 (MIM *617315) is a regulatory subunit involved in nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a cellular protective pathway that regulates mRNA transcription, transcript stability, and degrades transcripts containing premature stop codons. SMG8 binds SMG9 and SMG1 to form the SMG1C complex and inhibit the kinase activity of SMG1. Biallelic deleterious variants in SMG9 are known to cause a heart and brain malformation syndrome (HBMS; MIM #616920), whereas biallelic deleterious variants in SMG8 were recently described to cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) with dysmorphic facies and cataracts, now defined as Alzahrani–Kuwahara syndrome (ALKUS: MIM #619268). Only eight subjects from four families with ALKUS have been described to date. Through research reanalysis of a nondiagnostic clinical exome, we identified a subject from a fifth unrelated family with a homozygous deleterious variant in SMG8 and features consistent with ALKUS. Interestingly, the subject also had unilateral microphthalmia, a clinical feature that has been described in SMG9‐related disorder. Our study expands the phenotypic spectrum of SMG8‐related disorder, demonstrates an overlapping phenotype between SMG8‐ and SMG9‐related rare disease traits, provides further evidence for the SMG8 and SMG9 protein interactions, and highlights the importance of revisiting nondiagnostic exome data to identify and affirm emerging novel genes for rare disease traits.
Tunable Amine‐Reactive Electrophiles for Selective Profiling of Lysine
Authors: Tang Kuei‐Chien , Cao Jian , Boatner Lisa M. , Li Linwei , Farhi Jonathan , Houk Kendall N. , Spangle Jennifer , Backus Keriann M. , Raj Monika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProteome profiling by activated esters identified >9000 ligandable lysines but they are limited as covalent inhibitors due to poor hydrolytic stability. Here we report our efforts to design and discover a new series of tunable amine‐reactive electrophiles (TAREs) for selective and robust labeling of lysine. The major challenges in developing selective probes for lysine are the high nucleophilicity of cysteines and poor hydrolytic stability. Our work circumvents these challenges by a unique design of the TAREs that form stable adducts with lysine and on reaction with cysteine generate another reactive electrophiles for lysine. We highlight that TAREs exhibit substantially high hydrolytic stability as compared to the activated esters and are non‐cytotoxic thus have the potential to act as covalent ligands. We applied these alternative TAREs for the intracellular labeling of proteins in different cell lines, and for the selective identification of lysines in the human proteome on a global scale.
BTP‐Rh@g‐C3N4 as an efficient recyclable catalyst for dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen reactions
Authors: Luo Lan , Liu Hongqiang , Zeng Wei , Hu Wenkang , Wang Dawei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHighly active catalysts play an important role in modern catalysis. A novel and efficient ligand benzotriazole‐pyrimidine (BTP) and the corresponding rhodium composite on C3N4 were successfully synthesized. The resulting rhodium composite was fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained composite exhibited good catalytic activity and good recovery performance in the synthesis of quinoxaline from 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol and benzonitrile, and more than 20 quinoxalines were obtained in good yields. Additionally, it also showed that rhodium composite could achieved good catalytic performance in the synthesis of functionalized ketone through borrowing hydrogen strategy.