bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of (Fludora® Fusion) (A Mixture of Deltamethrin and Clothianidin) For Indoor Residual Spraying Against Insecticide Resistant Strain of Anopheles Stephensi in A Malarious Area in Bandar Abbas , Iran
Authors: Vatandoost Hassan , Nikpoor Fatemeh , Dehkordi Alireza Sanei , Soleimani Mohammad Mussa , madani abdolhossein , Mojahedi AR , Yarian M , Raeisi Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objetives: Malaria is a health problems in the world. WHO recomended several insecticides for Indoor residual spraying. Due to continious use of insecticides , the malaria vectors show resistant to different groups of insecticides. The aim of study was to evaluate the new mixture of pesticides Fludora® Fusion) (a mixture of deltamethrin and clothianidin) for indoor residual spraying against insecticide resistant strain of Anopheles stephensi in a malarious area in Bandar Abbas, Iran.Materials and Methods: The residual effect of Fludora® fusion (WP-SB 562.5 g/kg in 100g wsb) was evauated on various local surfaces of rooms such as mud and plaster as well as thatch roofs and wooden. Wordl Health Organization (WHO) standard cones using contact bioassays were carried out using laboratory reared, carbamate and pyrethroid resistant strain of Anopheles stephensi . Contact bioassays were carried out on sprayed surfaces. The cut of point of WHO is 80% mortality. Relative humidity and temperature of the test rooms has been recorded during the bioassay experimentsResults: Contact bioassay tests was carried out on days 1, 5,15,30, 60, 90, 120,150, 180,210,240,290 days after application . The mortality in all surfaces until 8 months is more than 80%. Mortality rate after 9 months on plaster and mud was more than 80%. The results form cement and wood was less than 80% . Discussion and conclusión: Indoor residual spraying with Fludora® Fusion induced high and prolonged mortality of carbamate and pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors for 9 months mostly due to the clothianidin component. This mixture is an important Integrated Vector Management for control of resistant malaria vector.
Hierarchical Fault Detection and Recovery Framework For Self-Healing WSN
Authors: Anitha R. , R Tapas Bapu B , Nagaraju V. , S Pradeep. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains several sensor nodules that are linked to each other wirelessly. Errors in WSN may perhaps be because of several causes which bring about hardware damage, power thwarts, incorrect sensor impression, faulty communication, sensor deficiencies, etc. This damages the network process. In this paper, we propose to develop a Hierarchical Fault Detection and Recovery Framework (HDFR) for Self-Healing WSN. This framework consists of three modules: Fault detection, fault confirmation and fault recovery. In fault detection module, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied for estimating the discrete Round Trip Paths (RTPs). Along the established RTPs, round trip delay (RTD) time values are estimated. Then based on the RTD, the suspected nodes are identified. In fault confirmation module, the nodes are confirmed to be either in FAULTY or ACTIVE state. In fault recovery module, the primary controller (PC) will establish an alternate route via the secondary controllers (SC) by excluding the faulty nodes. Then, it will resend the stored packets to the sink via the newly established route. By experimental results, it is shown that the HDFR framework achieves better detection accuracy and packet delivery ratio.
SARS-CoV-2 Screening Testing in Schools for Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Sherby Michael R. , Walsh Tyler , Lai Albert M. , Neidich Julie A. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Morris Stephanie M. , Head Richard , Prener Christopher , Newland Jason G. , Gurnett Christina A. , Group COMPASS-T Study 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDTransmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools primarily for typically developing children is rare. However, less is known about transmission in schools for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), who are often unable to mask or maintain social distancing. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 positivity and in-school transmission rates using weekly screening tests for school staff and students and describe the concurrent deployment of mitigation strategies in six schools for children with IDD.METHODSFrom 11/23/20 to 5/28/21, weekly voluntary screening for SARS-CoV-2 with a high sensitivity molecular-based saliva test was offered to school staff and students. Weekly positivity rates were determined and compared to local healthcare system and undergraduate student screening data. School-based transmission was assessed among participants quarantined for in-school exposure. School administrators completed a standardized survey to assess school mitigation strategies.RESULTSA total of 59 students and 416 staff participated. An average of 304 school staff and students were tested per week. Of 7,289 tests performed, 21 (0.29%) new SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were identified. The highest weekly positivity rate was 1.2% (n = 4) across all schools, which was less than community positivity rates. Two cases of in-school transmission were identified, each among staff, representing 2% (2/103) of participants quarantined for in-school exposure. Mitigation strategies included higher than expected student mask compliance, reduced room capacity, and phased reopening.CONCLUSIONSDuring 24 weeks that included the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found no evidence for elevated SARS-CoV-2 screening test positivity among staff and students of six schools for children with IDD compared to community rates. In-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was low among those quarantined for in-school exposure.Clinical Trial RegistryPrior to enrollment, this study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 9/25/2020, identifier NCT04565509, titled Supporting the Health and Well-being of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disability During COVID-19 Pandemic (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04565509?term=NCT04565509).
Regional Analysis of Seasonal maximum monthly rainfall Using L-moments: A case study for Brahmaputra Valley region of Assam, India
Authors: Bora Rubul , Bhuyn Abhijit , Dutta Biju Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, Regional Rainfall Frequency analysis has been carried out based on L-moment in the Brahmaputra Valley. For this purpose, the monthly maximum rainfall data of the Pre-monsoon (March-May), Monsoon (June-September), and Post-monsoon (October-December) seasons for 11 sites (data varying from 14 years to 23 years) have been considered for our study. The heterogeneity measures for three seasons of the study region are calculated. The five probability distributions namely, generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized Pareto (GPA), generalized normal (GNO), and the Pearson Type III (PE3) have been considered. The Z-Statistics criteria and L-moment ratio diagram for goodness of fit tests have been used for identifying the best fitting distributions for each season of the study area. The GLO is identified as the best fitting distribution for the Pre-monsoon, and Monsoon season while PE3 distribution for the Post-monsoon seasons of the study region. The regional relationships for each season of the study regions are developed. For assessment of identified probability distributions for various return periods a Monte Carlo Simulation procedure along with Root Means square error (RMSE) and Bias have been used
Creation of Borer Pests Resistance Genetically Engineering Peach (Prunus Persica L.) Plants by Cloning cry1Ab Gene
Authors: KADASA NAIF MOHAMED , Metwali Ehab Mohamed Rabei , Soliman Hemaid Ibrahim , Alshehri Wafa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The plasmid pBI121 cry1Ab was used to transform peach explants to produce insect resistant plants. The plasmid was constructed from cloning the synthetic cryIAb gene with intron of castor bean catalase-1 gene into the pBI121 binary vector under the control of CaMV35S promoter. Leaf discs of peach (Prunus Persica L.) were co-cultivated for two days with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. Explants were plated on WPM medium supplemented with 125 mg/l kanamycin, 3% sucrose, 2.5 mg L-1 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.5 mg/l BA (6-benzyladenine) in darkness for callus formation. The calli were then selected on WPM medium supplemented with 125 mg L-1 kanamycin, 3% sucrose, 3.00 mg L-1 TDZ (Thidiazuron), 1.0 mg L-1 Kn (kinetin) and 0.5 mg L-1 IAA (Indoleacetic acid) in the light for at least five subcultures (with a regeneration efficiency of 91.8%). The integration of cryIAb gene into the peach genome was confirmed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and northern blot analysis. The transformation efficiency (28%) was obtained when leaves were incubated for 15 min. with A. tumefaciens. The cryIAb gene expression was confirmed using RT-PCR, northern blot hybridization, immune-strip test and insect bioassays, respectively. For insect bioassay, it was evident from data the toxin CryIAb protein expressed in transformed peach plants showed 100% mortality at 1000 ppm against Synanthedon exitiosa larvae’s after 96 hr. These results obtained improved significantly of CryIAb toxin protein against lepidopteron larvae of peach.
Process Engineered Production of Betulinic Acid as a Prominent Anticancer Molecule
Authors: Mishra Sugandha , Kumar Dhirendra , Dubey Kashyap Kumar , Husain Sajid , Jain Dharmendra , Dutta Amit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Betulin (B) and Betulinic acid (BA) are naturally occurring lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenes with significant pharmacological relevance like anti-tumor and anti-HIV activities. AIDS is a mixture of conditions that gradually reduces the immunity of the host making them more susceptible to even common infections like influenza. The cure of HIV is generally based on a blend of 3 or more type of medication which is named as HAART (Highly active anti Retroviral Therapy). This blending of medication supports in the reduction of chances for virus replication by masking their mutations. Even though there are more than 25 known drugs with diverse mechanism of action, available in the market but still there is need of alternative mechanism of action with better cure as well lower side effect. Now Betulin and Betulinic acid (BA) with its derivatives represents as significant group of anti-HIV agents with novel mechanisms. Previously Betulin and Betulinic acid derivatives were chemically synthesized by altering different groups specially at C3, C20 and C28 positions but here our aim is through microbial transformation. Range of betulin 0.25 to 4.0 mg/l were tried and 1.4 mg/l was found best for maximum growth at 250 ml shake flask. Highest growth 58.51mg/ml and yield of betulinic acid 22.32 mg/l (statistically optimization). Biotransformation was confirmed by RP-HPLC analysis and further characterization of transformed product as betulinic acid was done by ESI-MS.
Surgical Resection Facilitates the Access of Intravenously Administered Nanoparticles to Brain Vasculature in Mice
Authors: Belko Sara , Babayemi Oluwatobi , Baker Cassandra , Fowler Martha , Masouleh Milad Pourbaghi , Householder Kyle T. , Stabenfeldt Sarah E , Sirianni Rachael W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nanoparticle systems are often used to facilitate drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). There are many clinical situations in which CNS tissue might be removed prior to administration of a therapeutic nanoparticle; however, the iatrogenic effects of surgical resection on nanoparticle deposition in the brain remain unknown. We hypothesized that resection would facilitate nanoparticle delivery to peri-resection tissue as a function of timing of nanoparticle administration after removal of tissue. To test this hypothesis polystyrene nanoparticles surface modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were administered either immediately, 2 hours, 24 hours, 4 days, or 7 days after resection of murine cortex. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that minimal nanoparticle delivery to brain vasculature was observed in healthy mice, yet significant nanoparticle delivery was observed in mice that received resection. Spatially, nanoparticles were confined to the vascular compartment and did not enter the parenchyma. Nanoparticle delivery was high near the resection boundary and declined with distance into the peri-resection tissue. The highest level of delivery was observed when nanoparticles were administered immediately after resection, and FNPs could be detected in the CNS when nanoparticles were administered up to 24 hours after resection. The diameter of blood vessels that contained nanoparticles was significantly greater than the diameter of blood vessels that did not contain nanoparticles, and larger vessels contained brighter clusters of nanoparticles. These relationships depended on time after resection, suggesting that a dynamic vascular response. These studies highlight important considerations that can be used to develop nanotechnology for neurosurgical applications.
TBX15/miR-152/KIF2C Pathway Regulates Breast Cancer Doxorubicin Resistance via Promoting PKM2 Ubiquitination
Authors: Jiang Cheng-Fei , Xie Yun-Xia , Qian Ying-Chen , Wang Min , Liu Ling-Zhi , Shu Yong-Qian , Bai Xiaoming , Jiang Bing-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Chemoresistance is a critical risk problem for breast cancer treatment. However, mechanisms by which chemoresistance arises remains to be elucidated. The expression of T-box transcription factor 15 (TBX-15) was found downregulated in some cancer tissues. However, role and mechanism of TBX15 in breast cancer chemoresistance is unknown. Here we aimed to identify the effects and mechanisms of TBX15 in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.Methods: As measures of Drug sensitivity analysis, MTT and IC50 assays were used in DOX-resistant breast cancer cells. ECAR and OCR assays were used to analyze the glycolysis level, while Immunoblotting and Immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the autophagy levels in vitro. By using online prediction software, luciferase reporter assays, co-Immunoprecipitation, Western blotting analysis and experimental animals models, we further elucidated the mechanisms.Results: We found TBX15 expression levels were decreased in Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer cells. Overexpression of TBX15 reversed the DOX resistance by inducing microRNA-152 (miR-152) expression. We found that KIF2C levels were highly expressed in DOX-resistant breast cancer tissues and cells, and KIF2C was a potential target of miR-152. TBX15 and miR-152 overexpression suppressed autophagy and glycolysis in breast cancer cells, while KIF2C overexpression reversed the process. Overexpression of KIF2C increased DOX resistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, KIF2C directly binds with PKM2 for inducing the DOX resistance. KIF2C can prevent the ubiquitination of PKM2 and increase its protein stability. In addition, we further identified that Domain-2 of KIF2C played a major role in the binding with PKM2 and preventing PKM2 ubiquitination, which enhanced DOX resistance by promoting autophagy and glycolysis. Conclusions: Our data identify a new mechanism by which TBX15 abolishes DOX chemoresistance in breast cancer, and suggest that TBX15/miR-152/KIF2C axis is a novel signaling pathway for mediating DOX resistance in breast cancer through regulating PKM2 ubiquitination and decreasing PKM2 stability. This finding suggests new therapeutic target and/or novel strategy development for cancer treatment to overcome drug resistance in the future.
A participatory student workshop on climate change and sustainability: A comparative case study
Authors: Larose Carole , Burke Eleanor , Blaisot Christine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change is an environmental and existential issue of great urgency, especially for today’s youth. Until recently, the French national school curriculum had not given students much opportunity to learn about climate change (CC), its causes and repercussions, and mitigating measures to reach sustainable climate conditions. This article describes a six-week participatory, experiential workshop that brought together two groups of French students (one age 10 and the other age 16) to learn and teach each other about CC. Older students learned about the Conference of the Parties, COP21 Paris agreement and the IPCC climate findings and recommendations. Together the two groups developed greater understanding about CC, and proposed concrete environmental actions that they could undertake at home and in their local district to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We examine four products of their collaboration:● slide presentations that they created jointly, ● students’ written reflections on learning about sustainability and CC, ● the group’s list of proposed personal and family actions to decrease their carbon footprint, and ● notes from a meeting with local governmental officials. We draw inferences from these sources, and extract two recurrent themes in the students’ learning. These themes highlight a mismatch between youth’s sense of urgency to respond to the climate emergency and the older generation’s sluggish pace of addressing it. This article is a qualitative case study of a successful attempt to raise students’ awareness of sustainability and climatic issues, and to involve them in thinking collaboratively with others about the tasks ahead to address the problem of climate change from a local perspective.
Development of Corn-Derived Nanoparticles as Mass-Producible Bionanoparticles with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Kusamori Kosuke , Nishikawa Makiya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that plant-derived nanoparticles (NPs) contain biologically active molecules and have potential applications as therapeutic agents or delivery carriers for bioactive molecules. In this study, we selected corn as a material for plant-derived NPs as corn is inexpensive to grow and is mass-produced globally, and these characteristics are similar to those of plant-derived NPs, which are easy to prepare and can be produced at high yields and low costs. Super sweet corn was homogenized in water to obtain corn juice, which was then centrifuged, filtered through a 0.45 µm-pore size syringe filter, and ultracentrifuged to obtain corn-derived NPs (cNPs). cNPs obtained were approximately 80 nm in diameter and negatively charged (−17 mV). cNPs were taken up by various types of cells, including colon26 tumor cells and RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells, with selective reduction of the proliferation of colon26 cells. Moreover, cNPs induced tumor necrosis factor-α release from RAW264.7 cells. cNPs and RAW264.7 in combination significantly suppressed the proliferation of colon26/fluc cells. Daily intratumoral injections of cNPs significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous colon26 tumors in mice, with no significant body weight loss. These results indicate excellent anti-tumor activity of cNPs.
A Rapid and Affordable Point-of-care Test for Detection of SARS-Cov-2-Specific Antibodies Based on Hemagglutination and Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Interpretation
Authors: Haecker Hans , Redecke Vanessa , Tawaratsumida Kazuki , Larragoite Erin , Williams Elizabeth , Planelles Vicente , Spivak Adam , Hirayama Lincoln , Elgort Marc , Swenson Shane , Smith Rick , Worthen Bryan , Zimmerman Russ , Slev Patricia , Cahoon Ben , Astill Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Diagnostic tests that detect antibodies (AB) against SARS-CoV-2 for evaluation of seroprevalence and guidance of health care measures are important tools for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Current tests have certain limitations with regard to turnaround time, costs and availability, particularly in point-of-care (POC) settings. We established a hemagglutination-based AB test (HAT) that is based on bi-specific proteins which contain a dromedary-derived antibody (nanobody) binding red blood cells (RBD) and a SARS-CoV-2-derived antigen, such as the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (Spike-RBD). While the nanobody mediates swift binding to RBC, the antigen moiety directs instantaneous, visually apparent hemagglutination in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific AB generated in COVID-19 patients or vaccinated individuals. Method comparison studies with assays cleared by emergency use authorization (EUA) demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity. To further increase objectivity of test interpretation, we developed an image analysis tool based on digital image acquisition (via a cell phone) and a machine learning algorithm based on defined sample-training and –validation datasets. Preliminary data, including a small clinical study, provides proof of principle for test performance in a POC setting. Together, the data support the interpretation that this AB test format, which we refer to as ‘NanoSpot.ai’, is suitable for POC testing, can be manufactured at very low costs and, based on its generic mode of action, can likely be adapted to a variety of other pathogens.
Upregulation of CD22 by Chidamide Promotes CAR T Cells Functionality
Authors: Yang Xin , Yu Qiuxia , Xu Hao , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Treatment failure or relapse due to tumor escape caused by reduction in target antigen expression has become a challenge in the field of CART therapy. Target antigen density is closely related to the effectiveness of CART therapy, and reduced or lost target antigen expression limits the efficacy of CART therapy and hinders the durability of CAR T cells. Epigenetic drugs can regulate histones for molecular modifications to regulate the transcriptional, translational and post-translational modification processes of target agents., and we demonstrated for the first time the role in regulating CD22 expression and its effect on the efficacy of CD22 CART. In this paper, we found that Chidamide promoted the expression of CD22 on the surface of B-cell tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced the function of CD22 CART. As for mechanisms, we demonstrated that Chidamide did not affect CD22 mRNA transcription, but significantly increased the expression of total CD22 protein, indicating that Chidamide may upregulate cell surface CD22 expression by affecting the distribution of CD22 protein. In summary, our results suggest that Chidamide may enhance the efficacy of CD22 CART by inhibiting histone deacetylases to regulate post-transcriptional modifications that affect protein distribution to increase the expression of CD22 on the cell surface.
Research on the Geothermal Resource Exploration in Igneous Rock Areas by Comprehensive Geophysical Methods
Authors: Zhu Jie , Jin Sheng , Peng Sanxi , Yang Yang , Zhang Tianyu , Zeng Weizu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Geothermal resource has considerable development potential and utilization value. In order to have a clearer understanding and understanding of geothermal resources, it is very important to carry out geological exploration of geothermal resources before mining. In Igneous rocks, ground water is heated by deep magmatic rocks and Igneous rocks to form geothermal resources, but their communication is poor and the depth of burial is generally large. The traditional geophysical method, such as the excitation polarization method, is difficult to reach the effective detection depth, and the precision is poor. In this paper, the comprehensive geophysical method based on CSAMT and TEM is applied to geothermal exploration in igneous rock area, which makes up for the shortcomings of single method and achieves good detection effect, which provides reliable geological basis for further development and utilization of geothermal resources.