bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of engagement among farmers in developing farming knowledge: evidence from northern Thailand
Authors: Llones CA , Suwanmaneepong S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Several studies found science-based knowledge has only able to reach a small fraction of their desired recipient. To compensate for the lack of formal sources, farmers often relied on informal sources of knowledge within their farming community. This study investigates the role of farmer’s social engagement in developing farming knowledge and farmer’s decision-making. A structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised moderating role of social engagement among farmers on the effects of service access, training, and knowledge-sharing on farming knowledge. The study used the case of rice farmers in Northern Thailand, wherein a focus group discussion and a series of survey interviews were conducted. Study results found that social interactions among farming communities significantly moderated the effects of training and knowledge-sharing. The findings support the critical role of social engagement among farmers in increasing information flow and experiential knowledge exchange in developing farming knowledge. Furthermore, social interactions promote farming innovation and management practices through advice-seeking with other farmers. Hence, in supporting farming sustainability, extension support should also focus on network building among actors within the farming community and understand how farmers exchange experiential knowledge to compensate for the lack of formal sources of knowledge.
Land cover changed and economic achievement of farmers in the Rawas subwatershed area
Authors: Chuzaimah  , Sjarkowi F , Wildayana E , Yunita  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Watershed management is intended to provide maximum economic benefits for local communities without neglecting environmental sustainability. The problem in this paper are how changes in land cover and how economic achievements in the form of income of conversion and non-conversion farmers in Rantau Kadam Village, Karang Dapo District. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Land cover was analyzed using ArcMap Ver.10.2 with Landsat 8 for path/row 124/62 and 126/62 for image analysis. Meanwhile, the amount of income is determined using the formulas of income (NR), revenue (TR) and cost of production (TC). The land cover change was carried out by comparing the land cover map in 2009 with the land cover map in 2013 and 2018. The results showed that there had been changes in land use in Rantau Kadam Village, especially fields, open land and plantations. The use of open land has continued to increase from 1.83% (in 2009) to 8.77% (in 2013), and in 2018 it was 37.26%, while fields and plantations showed a decreasing trend. In conversion, it was found that the income of non-rubber converting farmers had a lower income value than oil palm conversion farmers. The average income of farmers per hectare per year for rubber commodity farmers is IDR 5,515,029.42/ha/year, while oil palm conversion farmers are IDR 17,109,341.38/ha/year. The policy implication that can be taken is that there must be institutional strengthening so that the selling price that applies between farmers can be the same.
Intrinsic motivation of sustainable agriculture for small island communities: a case study in Binongko, Wakatobi
Authors: Hidrawati  , Rianse U , Iswandi R M , Arafah N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture appreciates the development of cultural values that come from the community local wisdom. Cultural values can be an intrinsic motivation that underlies the community’s agricultural techniques. This motivation is relatively strong in small island communities who have limited land and water resources for agricultural activities. This study aims to reveal and review the intrinsic motivation in the sustainable agriculture of small island communities. The research was conducted from April 2018 to April 2019 on Binongko Island, Wakatobi Regency, South east Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, interviews and literature study using the data triangulation method. The results showed that the Binongko community were intrinsically motivated by the desire to be winners (hoppotallo) in conquering natural challenges on land (rocky rocks) and oceans (high waves). This desire is based on the spiritual belief about God’s power and the awareness to work hard as expressed in the ancient philosophy of society “wale menturu wale bhila, mayi wale mangare wale mo’aro”. This motivation drives them to cultivate plants with rituals such as bhelai, phitado, honowu/katambhari, bhija-bhija/bhatata, pajare’a, phidawu-phidongka and tompe’a. The motivation in agricultural culture has social, economic and ecological implications that support a sustainable agricultural development system.
Environmental policy, ecology, and threat towards the unsustainable agriculture development in Indonesia
Authors: Pranadji T , Wahida  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals that are targeted to be achieved in 2030 are the answer in balancing development activities and their impact on the environment and natural ecosystem. Since the New Order Era (Orde Baru), Indonesia has been implemented a development strategy that focused on growth. This strategy contributes a significant impact to biodiversity, natural resources, and environment. Agriculture activities itself in the traditional or modern term refers to the effort to exploit the ecosystem. However, the level of exploitation in many cases is not controllable, and overexploitation occurs along the development process. The study of social ecology aims to examine and predict whether agricultural development has complied with sustainable principles or, on the opposite, it leads toward an unsustainable manner. At a global level, agricultural policy or commodities policy is translated into a new measurement that has a potential impact on market access for several commodities. European Union introduces this measurement as European Green Deal, while the UK introduces a similar measurement and known as the environmental bill. Indonesian agricultural development history has marked the principles that have been in place affiliated with neo-liberal values and translates into over-exploitation to natural resources, environment, and local biodiversity. Review toward the existing agriculture policies that have been implemented nationwide and the existing requirements toward green economics principles are important for Indonesia, in particular, to measure the level of readiness to supply global with stringent standardization toward environment and biodiversity.
Dynamic of migration and labor productivity in the rural area of PATANAS villages
Authors: Irawan A R , Ashari  , Sudaryanto T , Irawan B , Sunarsih  , Nida F S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The agricultural sector still becomes a source of household income in rural areas, although its role tends to decrease. In the period 2011‒2015, the number of agricultural workers decreased about 1% per year and is inversely proportional to the increasing Indonesian labor, which reached an average of 1.2% per year. Several leading causes of labor decreases are migration and productivity issues in the agricultural sector. This paper aims to determine migration and labor productivity dynamics in three-time points in villages on Panel Petani Nasional Program (PATANAS) located at three agroecosystems: plantation, secondary crop, and vegetable. Amount of respondents in each agroecosystem were 312, 232, and 121 farmers. Data analysis was presented descriptively. The results of the study indicated that labor productivity varies between agroecosystems. The highest increase in productivity occurred in vegetable, then secondary crop, and plantation. Labor productivity in the agricultural sector is inversely proportional to the migration on an agroecosystem. There is not excessive migration in the vegetable agroecosystems since labor productivity is highest than the others. There is a phenomenon of increasing working family members followed by an increase in the number of migrations. This phenomenon negatively impacts the agricultural sector because there is no increase in the number of workers in the agricultural sector. There is a trend for young people in PATANAS villages to undertake permanent migration. Increasing labor productivity in rural areas predicted could reduce labor migration. Efforts that can be created are gradually encouraging off-farm and non-farm activities, including small-scale agro-industries.
Impact of area-wide management for fruit flies on the role of women in mango farming
Authors: Ashari  , Suhaeti R N , Saliem H P , Ariningsih E , Septanti K S , Maulana M , Faveri S D , Johnson P , Shanmugam V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies on women’s roles in Indonesian mango farming were rarely conducted. This paper examines the changes made to women’s roles in mango production and its benefit distribution for household (HH) needs due to Area Wide Management (AWM) implementation for fruit flies. Data were collected at two villages in Indramayu, West Java, during July and August 2019. The respondents were cooperator farmers who had taken part during the 2010‒2015 AWM project implementation. This study applied a survey method for data collecting using structured questionnaires. The data were descriptively analyzed with a focus on gender perspectives. The study showed that the primary activity of most cooperators was for mango farming. Women had minor roles in pre-harvest and harvest mango farming activities. However, almost all accesses and participations of pre-harvest activities had increased after the implementation of AWM. Women’s controls have increased for all activities except for processing and sorting, which had been already high. Adult females took control of financial decision-making on how the mango farming benefit was allocated. There was a higher allocation expense on savings, education and vehicle following the implementation of AWM. The increased women’s role in the production and financial decision-making had given promising results in children’s education improvements. This study suggested that the agricultural program should involve women as the actors as well as the beneficiaries. The women’s involvement in the project was expected to optimize the benefits of the project, and further will ensure its sustainability.
Rural development issue: a case study in Banyuwangi District, East Java Province
Authors: Suryani E , Pasaribu S M , de Brauw A , Sayaka B , Suhartini S H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRural people, as well as the farmers, deal with capital access for their business activities. Formal credit offered by the banks is not easily accessed by rural people due to rigid administrative procedures and collateral requirements. This paper aims to analyze rural people’s access to formal credit offered by a Credit Union (CU) acting as the credit cooperative in Banyuwangi District, East Java. The study was conducted in 2020 in Banyuwangi District. Primary and secondary data collected were analyzed using a descriptive approach. Each debtor has to become a member of CU prior to borrowing credit with some requirements, e.g. paying principle and regular contributions, sufficient saving value as collateral, and willingness to pay an interest rate determined for a certain period depending on credit types. Types of business financed by CU are farm business, fresh fruit marketing, cow fattening, groceries, among others. Most of the rural businesses financed by CU were able to pay the credit on time. Each business feasibility was assessed carefully by the CU management prior to credit approval and responded quickly. CU members also get the advantage through receiving shared-profit distributed annually. The CU copes with limited capital as the members’ demand for credit increases. The CU also has to compete with the relatively lower interest rate of the official subsidized credit, i.e. KUR (People’s Business Credit), for its credit expansion. The government needs to encourage CU to grow in rural areas for rural people’s credit access through policy facilitation.
Factors affecting sustainability of increasing mango export: an application of MICMAC method
Authors: Puspitasari  , Kiloes A M , Syah J A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mango is one of the world’s favourite tropical fruit. Currently, Indonesia is only able to export 0.1% of the total mango production. This condition is ironic because Indonesia is the fifth mango producing country in the world. This study aims to identify key variables that can affect the sustainability of increasing mango exports. The identification of variables that could influence the increase in mango exports was carried out through focus group discussions (FGD). Then the variables were analyzed with the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification (MICMAC). The result of MICMAC analysis shows that government support and capital are the influence variables, which are the main indicators that can trigger an increase in mango exports. Mango exporting farmer groups is a relay variable that indicates that this is sensitive and unstable in efforts to increase mango exports, this shows that interventions in these variables will impact the system as a whole. Thus, the strategic priority in increasing mango exports threefold is the empowerment of mango exporting farmer groups through government support in increasing access to exporters with partnership schemes, infrastructure development assistance such as irrigation networks and Good Handling Practices facilities. Besides, capital assistance for additional production inputs to produce export quality mangoes.
Land acquisition for dams: relocation problem and potential change in livelihood of communities affected villages
Authors: Pujiriyani D W , Wulansari H , Suyudi B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dams are agricultural infrastructure that has very important role in supporting food security. Dams constructions indirectly show a change in resources from land resources (terrestrial) to water resources (aquatic). This study aims to analyze the impact of land acquisitions as a consequence of accelerating agricultural infrastructure development policy in East Java Province. This research was conducted using a multiple case study approach. Data were collected qualitatively through documents study, observation, and in-depth interview. There are three cases of land acquisition for dam construction comparing in this study: Semanthok Dam in Nganjuk District, Bagong Dam in Trenggalek District, and Bendo Dam in Ponorogo District. The result shows that land acquisition for dam construction was not immediately responded well. Conflicts usually begin from the value of compensation that is not in accordance to the community expectation. The land acquisition process for the dams has not included a livelihood plan for the people who are relocated from their village of origin. In fact, the dam construction necessitates a shift from the affected communities who originally used land resources eventually turned into water resources due to the dam constructions. A comprehensive impact analysis mapping has not been found covering: the community upstream dam, the community around dam and the community downstream of the dam.
Thermal stress analysis of disc brake using analytical and numerical methods
Authors: Jiregna I T , Lemu H G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents study of the thermal stress development in brake disc and the associated life cycle of the disc. The thermal stress analysis of disc brake under the first brake application and the influences of thermal loads on stress development of the disc have been investigated. The temperature distribution was conducted as a function of disc thickness and braking time. The study was done on the disc brake of Sports Utility Vehicle with a model of DD6470C. Partial solution approach was used to solve analytical temperature distribution through the thickness. The model was done using representative areas of the disc exposed to high temperature whose distribution result was obtained as a function of disc thickness and braking time. The solutions of coupled thermal transient fields and stress fields were obtained based on thermal-structural coupled analysis. Based on the model developed for the study, the positions of high and low stress formations were investigated, and it has been observed that thermal stress and temperature gradient show similar behavior through the thickness of disc. Generally, high temperature and stress components were found on the rubbing surfaces of the disc.
Tension testing of additively manufactured specimens of 17-4 PH processed by Bound Metal Deposition
Authors: Bjørheim F , La Torraca Lopez I M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In contrast to the traditional ways of subtractive manufacturing, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, adapts computer-aided design to iteratively build the component or part layer by layer. The technology has recently gained a high momentum, both within academia, but also within the industrial sector. However, it is common that parts produced by AM will have more defects than parts produced by traditional methods. The objective of this paper is to investigate a new method of additive manufacturing, namely the bound metal deposition method (BMD). This method seemed promising from the perspective that the metal is not iteratively being melted, similar to such as welding. In fact, the part is first printed, then washed, for then to be sintered. Consequently, avoiding the complex thermal histories/cycles. It was found that the material will exhibit anisotropic behaviour, and have a mesh of crack like defects, related to the printing orientation.
Lateral torsional buckling capacity of corroded steel beams: A parametric study
Authors: Kullashi G , Siriwardane S C , Atteya M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thickness reduction due to uniform corrosion increases the tendency of lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of open cross-sections and it reduces the moment capacity of the beam. The effect of the various corrosion cases on the LTB moment capacity (M
b,rd) of the I-beams are investigated in this paper. An analytical framework for patch corroded I-beams is introduced to provide a guideline for simulating the nonlinear lateral torsional buckling behaviour of patch corroded simple beams. Hence the effect of different corrosion scenarios to reduce the buckling reduction factor (η
LT) is investigated by conducting a parametric study. Twelve different beam lengths were considered to obtain different non-dimensional slenderness ratios (λ
LT) in this parametric study. The degraded buckling curves were obtained for each corrosion scenarios.
Overview study on challenges of additive manufacturing for a healthcare application
Authors: Adugna Y W , Akessa A D , Lemu H G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving manufacturing technology bringing numerous and wide opportunities for the design team involved in the process by creating intricate and customized products with saving labor, time, and other expenses. Innovative AM methods and numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, medical, energy, and other industries have been developed and commercialized through extensive research over the last two decades. One embraced industry among others that benefited from the advances of AM is the healthcare industry. This paper focuses on addressing the challenges and opportunities in Additive manufacturing for healthcare. Although there are advanced possibilities in AM, there are also numerous issues needed to be overcome. The paper is based upon the current state-of-the-art review and study visits. The purpose of this work has been to identify the opportunities and limitations associated with additive manufacturing in healthcare applications and to highlight the identified research needs.
Environment-assisted fatigue of steel bridges: A conceptual framework for life assessment
Authors: Sandviknes J S S , Adasooriya N D , Pavlou D , Hemmingsen T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a framework based on a recently proposed fatigue strength curve of corroded steel to assess the life of an existing steel bridge exposed to environment-assisted fatigue. Environment-assisted cracking (EAC) and how it affects the structural integrity of steel bridges are introduced by the framework. Determination of both corroded and uncorroded details in a corrosive environment are also included in this framework. To conform the applicability and significance, a fatigue life of a railway bridge was assessed by methods given in the framework. The obtained fatigue lives were compared. The difference of the estimated fatigue lives emphasizes the importance of having this framework to consider the interaction of corrosion and fatigue mechanisms.
Mechanical response and strength characteristics of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels for infrastructure engineering
Authors: Zaoutsos S P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of aluminium sandwich panels has been increased in a certain number of engineering applications from infrastructure systems and transportation to aircraft and naval engineering. Due to their structural efficiency these materials are ideal for applications where ratio of strength to weight is of crucial importance. In the current study the investigation of the strength characteristics of aluminium sandwich panels with aluminium honeycomb core and different types of skins is performed using both analytical models and experimental procedures. A series of strength tests such as tension, shear, three point bending and double cantilever beam were conducted on aluminium honeycomb-cored sandwich panel specimens with five different skins in order to examine the mode of failure and the mechanical behaviour of the structural elements. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical values while an attempt for the explanation of the mechanisms leading to failure such as buckling, delamination or debonding between core and skins is performed. The results occurring from the study are very useful for the enhancement of the mechanical behaviour of sandwich constructions, thus more intensive work must be carried out in order to understand the physical mechanisms leading to strength characteristics of sandwich panels.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of the axial capacity of cracked tubular members
Authors: Riise S , Vågen M R , Atteya M , Ersdal G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental and numerical results for the axial capacity of cracked tubular steel members. Experimental tests of 11 columns in compression with simulated cracks of different sizes, defined as the percentage of the circumference (12%, 23.5% and 38.5%). The crack-tips were further treated by drilling a crack arresting hole. These specimens were then modelled by finite element analysis which were verified to match the experimental test. The DNVGL-RP-C208 standard was used as basis for performing the numerical finite element analysis. In addition, the capacity of the columns was calculated according to the 2004 revision of the NORSOK N-004 standard. The experimental tests indicated that the capacity in compression did not change significantly with the presence of cracks and crack arresting holes. The results from the numerical finite element analysis show a good agreement with the experimental work. However, the compressive capacity according to NORSOK N-004 shows a significant deviation to the safe side.