bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Alendronate on Adhesion and Viability of Preosteoblast Cells on Titanium Discs
Authors: Lilakhunakon Charukrit , Suwanpateeb Jintamai , Patntirapong Somying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of alendronate (ALN; a bisphosphonate) on adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts using different cell passages on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces.
Materials and Methods Preosteoblast, MC3T3, cells (passage 42; P42 and passage 62; P62) were cultured with ALN (1 and 5 µM) on cell culture plate for 7 days. Cells were lifted, counted, and seeded on SLA Ti surfaces. Cells were incubated on the discs for 6 hours to examine cell adhesion by using confocal microscopy and for 24 hours to determine cell viability by using MTT assay.
Results ALN interfered with cell adhesion on Ti surfaces by reducing the cell number in both cell passages. Nuclei of untreated cells showed oval shape, whereas some nuclei of ALN-treated cells demonstrated crescent and condensed appearance. ALN at 1 and 5 µM significantly decreased nuclear area and perimeter in P42, while ALN at 5 µM reduced nuclear area and perimeter in P62. After 24 hours, cells (P42) grown on Ti surfaces showed decreased cell viability when culturing with 5 µM ALN.
Conclusion ALN reduced cell adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts on Ti surfaces. ALN treatment seemed to exert higher inhibitory effects on nuclear shape and size as well as cell viability in lower cell passage. This led to the reduction in cell to implant surface interaction after encountering bisphosphonate treatment.
The Effects of Vasonatrin Peptide on Fat Graft Viability: An Experimental Study
Authors: Irmak Fatih , Sizmaz Mert , Sirvan Selami Serhat , Karsidag Semra , Ozagari Aysim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVasonatrin peptide (VNP) is a synthetic peptide that possesses vasodilatory, natriuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The authors aimed to analyze the effects of VNP on fat graft survival. Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats are randomly divided into two groups of 10. Fat grafts are harvested from the right inguinal region. After preparation, fat grafts are placed to the interscapular region. The first group of rats were administered VNP after their fat injection, while the second group received tail-vein injections of an equal volume of sterile saline following their fat injection. Experiment and control groups are evaluated according to their level of degeneration of adipocytes, fat necrosis, vacuolization, cyst formation in adipocytes, fibrosis of the fat tissue, capillary density, and CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Degeneration, vacuolization, and cyst formation in adipocytes were lower in the experiment group. Increased capillary density in the experiment group was demonstrated by CD31 antibody staining and by counting capillary density under a microscope. The average percentage of change in weight of the fat grafts in the experiment group was lower than that in the control group. The results indicate that VNP has some beneficial effects on fat graft survival by multiple independent mechanisms that influence both local and systemic homeostasis.
Inactivation of common airborne antigens by perfluoroalkyl chemicals modulates early life allergic asthma
Authors: Wang Mengjing , Li Qianqian , Hou Meifang , Chan Louisa L. Y. , Liu Meng , Ter Soo Kai , Dong Ting , Xia Yun , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , Fang Mingliang 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are man-made chemicals ubiquitously present in humans. We demonstrate that a major PFC, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), dampens mice from developing house dust mite (HDM)–induced asthma, while abolishing the microbial product LPS’s protective effect in asthma development. This finding has direct human relevance, considering the low-PFOS concentrations necessary for its effect. Mechanistically, PFOS binds with high affinity to Der p1, a major allergen from HDM, as well as to the lipid A moiety of LPS, resulting in their inactivation. Our data highlight that PFC exposure may play a previously unappreciated role in modulating allergic asthma and emphasize the importance of reducing exposure.
The impact of a lack of mathematical education on brain development and future attainment
Authors: Zacharopoulos George , Sella Francesco , Cohen Kadosh Roi 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Our knowledge of the effect of a specific lack of education on the brain and cognitive development is currently poor but is highly relevant given differences between countries in their educational curricula and the differences in opportunities to access education. We show that within the same society, adolescent students who specifically lack mathematical education exhibited reduced brain inhibition levels in a key brain area involved in reasoning and cognitive learning. Importantly, these brain inhibition levels predicted mathematical attainment ∼19 mo later, suggesting they play a role in neuroplasticity. Our study provides biological understanding of the impact of the lack of mathematical education on the developing brain and the mutual play between biology and education.
Homocysteine fibrillar assemblies display cross-talk with Alzheimer’s disease β-amyloid polypeptide
Authors: Sade Yazdi Dorin , Laor Bar-Yosef Dana , Adsi Hanaa , Kreiser Topaz , Sigal Shahaf , Bera Santu , Zaguri Dor , Shaham-Niv Shira , Oluwatoba Damilola S. , Levy Davide , Gartner Myra , Do Thanh D. , Frenkel Dan , Gazit Ehud 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The accumulation of homocysteine, a key metabolite, is considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. This work demonstrates the ability of homocysteine to form ordered fibrillar structures. The toxicity of these structures is demonstrated in a yeast model that accumulates homocysteine. We further show the association of this observation with Alzheimer's disease pathology, including induced aggregation of a pathological protein and the presence of homocysteine structures in the brain of model mice. We suggest the targeting of homocysteine structure formation as a direction for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Targeting the tetraspanin CD81 reduces cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Vences-Catalán Felipe , Rajapaksa Ranjani , Kuo Chiung-Chi , Miller Caitlyn L. , Lee Anderson , Ramani Vishnu C. , Jeffrey Stefanie S. , Levy Ronald , Levy Shoshana 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceCD81 belongs to the evolutionary conserved tetraspanin family of proteins that form specialized membranal platforms that facilitate a vast array of cellular processes. However, little is known about the consequences of these molecular interactions under normal or pathological conditions. Tetraspanins have no known natural ligands, but ligation by some antibodies induces functional consequences. Here we show that engagement of CD81 with 5A6 halts tumor invasion in vitro and reduces breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Altogether, these finding highlight the role of CD81 in cancer progression.
Antipsychotic drugs counteract autophagy and mitophagy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Patergnani Simone , Bonora Massimo , Ingusci Selene , Previati Maurizio , Marchi Saverio , Zucchini Silvia , Perrone Mariasole , Wieckowski Mariusz R. , Castellazzi Massimiliano , Pugliatti Maura , Giorgi Carlotta , Simonato Michele , Pinton Paolo 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease in young adults. Advances in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms that contribute to MS may help to develop new therapies. Here, we elucidated the role of autophagy (a controlled intracellular pathway regulating the degradation of cellular components) and mitophagy (a specific form of autophagy that removes dysfunctional mitochondria) in MS. We found that human and experimental MS induces a mitochondrial deficit that leads to activation of autophagy and mitophagy. These phenomena play a causal role in MS because their inhibition with antipsychotic drugs prevents demyelination, induces remyelination, and reverts MS behavioral deficits. Our data suggest the repurposing of these Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs for the treatment of MS.
Eusociality in snapping shrimps is associated with larger genomes and an accumulation of transposable elements
Authors: Chak Solomon T. C. , Harris Stephen E. , Hultgren Kristin M. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Rubenstein Dustin R. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceDespite great progress in uncovering the genomic underpinnings of advanced forms of social organization like eusociality, much less is known about how eusociality feeds back to drive genome evolution. Using snapping shrimps that exhibit multiple origins of eusociality and extreme interspecific variation in genome size, we show that eusocial species have larger genomes with more repetitive elements. Although our results support the idea that eusociality influences the accumulation of repetitive elements and an increase in genome size through changes in demography, there is also some evidence that repetitive elements could have also helped fuel the transition to eusociality in some lineages. Our work highlights a fluid relationship between genome and social evolution, demonstrating how eusociality can influence genome evolution and architecture.
ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1 differentially disrupt mitophagy
Authors: Harding Olivia , Evans Chantell S. , Ye Junqiang , Cheung Jonah , Maniatis Tom , Holzbaur Erika L. F. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Missense mutations in TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) have diverse biophysical and biochemical effects on the molecule and are associated with the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia. TBK1 plays an essential role in clearing damaged mitochondria. Here, we investigate the impact of 10 ALS-linked TBK1 mutations on the critical early stage of mitophagy. We find that both TBK1 recruitment and kinase activity contribute to the clearance of the damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, in neurons, expression of TBK1 mutants alone affects mitochondrial network health. Our investigation utilizes disease-linked mutations to further refine the current model of mitophagy, identifying regulatory crosstalk between the kinases TBK1 and ULK1, and providing insights into the roles of TBK1 in neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike protein variants exhibit geographic differences in virulence
Authors: Wong Lok-Yin Roy , Zheng Jian , Sariol Alan , Lowery Shea , Meyerholz David K. , Gallagher Tom , Perlman Stanley 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The 2015 Korean Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak occurred after an infected traveler returned from the Middle East, allowing virus evolution without further MERS-CoV introduction. We demonstrate that two mutations selected during the outbreak led to attenuation in mice, assessed using isogenic viruses. In Africa, MERS-CoV is endemic among camels without evident human MERS cases. Analysis of isogenic viruses expressing camel Spike proteins revealed insignificant change in murine virulence. These results illustrate differences in coronavirus evolution that occur under conditions of camel endemicity versus a one-time introduction into human populations, providing insight into the evolution of surface glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2, and other respiratory viruses, in which virus evolves in zoonotic hosts and during human-to-human spread, such as influenza virus.
Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Narayanan Sathiya P. , Mannan Rahul , Raskind Gregory , Wang Xiaoming , Vats Pankaj , Su Fengyun , Hosseini Noshad , Cao Xuhong , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Ellison Stephanie J. , Giordano Thomas J. , Morgan Todd M. , Pitchiaya Sethuramasundaram , Alva Ajjai , Mehra Rohit , Cieslik Marcin , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies thought to arise from kidney tubular epithelial cells, and clear cell RCC is the most common entity. This study demonstrates that cell atlases generated from benign kidney and two common RCCs using single-cell RNA sequencing can predict putative cells of origin for more than 10 RCC subtypes. A focused analysis of distinct cell-type compartments reveals the potential role of tumor epithelia in promoting immune infiltration and other molecular attributes of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, an observed association between the lack of immunotherapy response and endothelial cell fraction has important clinical implications. The current study, therefore, significantly contributes toward understanding disease ontogenies and the molecular dynamics of tumor epithelia and the microenvironment.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of MERS coronaviruses from Africa to understand their zoonotic potential
Authors: Zhou Ziqi , Hui Kenrie P. Y. , So Ray T. Y. , Lv Huibin , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Chu Daniel K. W. , Gelaye Esayas , Oyas Harry , Njagi Obadiah , Abayneh Takele , Kuria Wilson , Walelign Elias , Wanglia Rinah , El Masry Ihab , Von Dobschuetz Sophie , Kalpravidh Wantanee , Chevalier Véronique , Miguel Eve , Fassi-Fihri Ouafaa , Trarore Amadou , Liang Weiwen , Wang Yanqun , Nicholls John M. , Zhao Jincun , Chan Michael C. W. , Poon Leo L. M. , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Peiris Malik 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The absence of zoonotic MERS-CoV in Africa in spite of an abundance of MERS-CoV–infected dromedaries has remained an enigma. We demonstrate that geographically and genetically distinct viruses from Africa have low replication competence in the human lung, providing a possible explanation for the absence of severe MERS disease in Africa. The findings suggest that MERS-CoV now entrenched in the Arabian Peninsula has acquired increased pathogenic potential for humans. We demonstrate that the spike protein contributes to this phenotypic difference. If pathogenic clade B viruses from the Arabian Peninsula are introduced into Africa, they are likely to become dominant, as they have in the Arabian Peninsula, and to be associated with adverse health impacts in Africa and increased pandemic threat.
STING inhibitors target the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket
Authors: Hong Ze , Mei Jiahao , Li Chenhui , Bai Guohui , Maimaiti Munire , Hu Haiyang , Yu Wenying , Sun Li , Zhang Lele , Cheng Dan , Liao Yixian , Li Senlin , You Yanping , Sun Hongbin , Huang Jing , Liu Xing , Lieberman Judy , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2021

Significance
cGAS (cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic AMP-GMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling is critical for sensing cytosolic DNA to initiate host immune responses against invading pathogens and cancer. However, inappropriate activation of STING signaling causes severe and often fatal autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. Hence, STING is an attractive drug target for the treatment of STING-driven autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, there is a need to identify lead compounds that effectively inhibit human STING for further drug development. Here, we identified and characterized a STING-specific inhibitor SN-011 with high efficiency, specificity, and safety, paving the way for therapeutically manipulating STING-mediated clinical diseases.
Entanglement amplification from rotating black holes
Authors: Robbins Matthew P G , Henderson Laura J , Mann Robert B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The quantum vacuum has long been known to be characterized by field correlations between spacetime points. We show that such correlations—vacuum entanglement—in the environment of near-extremal black holes is significantly amplified (up to ten-fold) relative to their slowly rotating counterparts. We demonstrate this effect for rotating Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black holes by measuring the entanglement through the concurrence extracted from the vacuum via two-level quantum systems (Unruh–DeWitt detectors). The effect is manifest at intermediate distances from the horizon, and is most pronounced for near-extremal small mass black holes. The effect is also robust, holding for all boundary conditions of the field and at large spacelike detector separations. Smaller amplification occurs near the horizon, where we find that the entanglement shadow—a region near the black hole from which entanglement cannot be extracted—is diminished in size as the black hole’s angular momentum increases.
Complex 3D scan trajectories for industrial cone-beam computed tomography using a hexapod
Authors: Butzhammer Lorenz , Hausotte Tino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndustrial x-ray computed tomography (CT) represents an established measurement technique in the field of nondestructive testing and dimensional metrology. However, the measurement accuracy is sometimes limited by measurement artifacts that cannot be avoided using a standard circular scan trajectory. This problem can be addressed with the aid of flexible 3D trajectories, but up to date, the application of these is mainly restricted to special CT devices using robot arms. In this paper, we present results using a hexapod as an additional positioning system in a commercial industrial CT scanner. In addition to the 360∘rotation, task-specific tilting of the part during the scan is possible in this way. We used and adapted geometry calibration procedures based on a multi-sphere reference object to enable reconstruction with high accuracy. Using a demonstrator test fixture with high absorbing elements, we show that severe metal and truncation artifacts can be avoided for a region-of-interest scan. Furthermore, cone-beam artifacts, which are inherent to circular scan trajectories, can be reduced significantly. Using measurement objects that can be measured well with a circular trajectory, we found that applying a 3D trajectory leads to dimensional measurement deviations in the same range or even lower than those of a circular trajectory. This suggests that the pose repeatability of the hexapod is sufficient to perform complex scan paths without general loss of accuracy. The obtained results could be relevant for end users of conventional CT scanners, as upgrading existing devices is in principle possible. The presented investigations form the basis for the application of trajectory optimization algorithms.
Nonlinear dynamics of NTM seeding by turbulence
Authors: Muraglia M , Poyé A , Agullo O , Dubuit N , Garbet X 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In fusion devices, the prediction of large magnetic island dynamics and saturation is of utmost importance for disruption control strategies. In experiments, this prediction can be provided by generalized Rutherford models. The purpose of this paper is to present an unified comparison between Rutherford models and first-principles simulations, across the various mechanisms leading to the growth of a magnetic island. More precisely, systematic comparisons of generalized Rutherford models with numerical 2D-reduced-magneto-hydrodynamic simulations have been done for a simple tearing mode and for neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) in presence or not of turbulence in order to assess the suitability of using generalized Rutherford models in experiments. It is found that agreement between simulation and model is not straightforward. For a simple tearing mode, prediction of saturated island size is possible only if the island is small enough. However, generalized Rutherford models fail to predict the whole island dynamics and as a consequence the saturation time. Predicting the behavior of NTMs is possible by using fitting parameters in generalized Rutherford models. Moreover, although the seeding mechanism is not taken into account in generalized Rutherford models, simulations show that NTM dynamics and saturation depend on the physical mechanisms at play to seed the island. In particular, a NTM presents different dynamics whether or not turbulence is present. Finally, it is shown that the amplification of a turbulence driven magnetic island to a NTM requires a bootstrap current that is strong enough.
Quantum Otto refrigerators in finite-time cycle period
Authors: Jiao Guangqian , Xiao Yang , He Jizhou , Ma Yongli , Wang Jianhui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Finite-time cycle period for a quantum Otto machine implies that either an adiabatic stroke or an isochoric process proceeds in finite time duration. The quantum Otto refrigerators under consideration consist of two adiabatic strokes, where the system (isolated from the heat reservoir) undergoes finite-time unitary transformation, and two isochoric steps, where the system may not reach thermal equilibrium even at the respective ends of the two stages due to finite-time interaction intervals. Using two-time projective measurement method, we find the probability distribution functions of both coefficient of performance and cooling load, which are dependent on the time duration along each process. With these distributions we find the analytical expressions for the performance parameters as well as their fluctuations. We then numerically determine the performance and fluctuations for the refrigerator operating with a two-level system employed in a recent experimental implementation. Our results clarify the role of finite-time durations of four processes on the performance and fluctuations of the quantum Otto refrigerators.
A new approach to mathematical models of Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson and coupled viscous Burgers’ equations in water flow
Authors: Ayata Muammer , Özkan Ozan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, it is the first time that we implement conformable Laplace decomposition method (CLDM) to time fractional systems of Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equation (DSWE) and coupled viscous Burgers’ equation (CVBE). DSWE and CVBE have an important place for cceanic, coastal sea research and they are considered as a mathematical model for shallow water waves and hydrodynmic turbulence respectively. At the end, the obtained solutions are compared with the exact solutions by the aid of tables and figures. The obtained results show that,conformable Laplace decomposition method (CLDM) is efficient, reliable, easy to apply and it gives researchers a new perspective for solving a wide variety of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations in physics.
Auto Block IoT: A Forensics Framework for Connected Vehicles
Authors: Abhay P A , Jishnu N V , Meenakshi K T , Yaswanth P S , Oommen Philip Abin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increase in the number of vehicles has led to the increase in number of accidents. The rise in connected vehicles and autonomous vehicles will increase the level of forensics and investigations required in case of an accident. A hindrance to the investigation is the reliability of data. This paper proposes a blockchain framework to ensure that the vehicular data at the time of accident is stored in a tamper-proof and reliable way for further analysis by various stakeholders. A test bed using IoT, IPFS and Etherum test network is proposed and evaluated to study the feasibility of the proposed approach.