bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A latent highly activity energetic fuel: thermal stability and interfacial reaction kinetics of selected fluoropolymer encapsulated sub-micron sized Al particles
Authors: Wang Huixin , Ren Hui , Yan Tao , Li Yaru , Zhao Wanjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAluminum can enhance heat release of energetic composite in theory. However, the commonly used micron aluminum powder has several short comings like incomplete reaction and low reaction rate. Meanwhile, outer oxide shell of nano Al particle is thicker than micro Al, which leads to low active aluminum content and insufficient heat release. On the basis of previous research, reported fluoropolymers modified Al particles were compared and suitable F2311was chosen. Sub-micron scale Al (median particle size around 200 nm) was regarded as optimum coated object in consideration of activity content of aluminum powder changing with particle size. The super fine Al powder was prepared by electrical explosion method, and encapsulated in situ by selected fluorine rubber F2311. The experiments on thermal stability demonstrated F2311 coating thickness should be no less than 3.6 nm. These results were further confirmed by EXPLO5 thermo dynamic calculation. Calculated results showed that reaction characters of F2311 encapsulated Al exceeded conventional nano Al regardless of combustion and explosion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize coated products’ morphology, particle size distribution and interfacial bonding information. The results showed that the coated samples were generally spherical shape, with median particle size of 217.7 nm and coating thickness of 3.6 nm. The coating shell contained a small amount of alumina and aluminum fluoride besides fluoropolymer. The non-isothermal dynamic equations of Al/F2311 and Al/Al2O3 were deduced by TG/DSC simultaneous thermal analysis. Compared with conventional nano-Al, the apparent activation energy of Al/F2311 decreased by 45 kJ/mol and the first exothermic peak temperature was about 10 °C earlier. Moreover, heat release was nearly twice as conventional nano-Al. TG-DSC-MS coupled measurements certified that active Al was enveloped by ‘fluorine atmosphere’ while F2311 decomposed in range of 200–400 °C. Alumina was replaced with aluminum fluoride inside coating layer during 400–550 °C, which broadened the diffusion path and then accelerated the permeation of oxidizing gas. In addition, the exothermic of Al-F was obviously larger than Al-O. Consequently, the oxidation reaction was activated rapidly, especially in initial exothermic period. Fluoropolymer encapsulated sub-micron sized Al was a latent highly activity energetic fuel and a potential candidate for aluminum powder.
Study on performance degradation and damage modes of thin-film photovoltaic cell subjected to particle impact
Authors: Xiao Kailu , Wu Xianqian , Song Xuan , Yuan Jianhua , Bai Wenyu , Wu Chenwu , Huang Chenguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt has been a key issue for photovoltaic (PV) cells to survive under mechanical impacts by tiny dust. In this paper, the performance degradation and the damage behavior of PV cells subjected to massive dust impact are investigated using laser-shock driven particle impact experiments and mechanical modeling. The results show that the light-electricity conversion efficiency of the PV cells decreases with increasing the impact velocity and the particles’ number density. It drops from 26.7 to 3.9% with increasing the impact velocity from 40 to 185 m/s and the particles’ number densities from 35 to 150/mm2, showing a reduction up to 85.7% when being compared with the intact ones with the light-electricity conversion efficiency of 27.2%. A damage-induced conversion efficiency degradation (DCED) model is developed and validated by experiments, providing an effective method in predicting the performance degradation of PV cells under various dust impact conditions. Moreover, three damage modes, including damaged conducting grid lines, fractured PV cell surfaces, and the bending effects after impact are observed, and the corresponding strength of each mode is quantified by different mechanical theories.
Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan against influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Jang Yejin , Shin Heegwon , Lee Myoung Kyu , Kwon Oh Seung , Shin Jin Soo , Kim Yong-il , Kim Chan Woo , Lee Hye-Ra , Kim Meehyein 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfluenza virus and coronavirus, belonging to enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of human respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the broad spectrum antiviral activity of a naturally existing sulfated polysaccharide, lambda-carrageenan (λ-CGN), purified from marine red algae. Cell culture-based assays revealed that the macromolecule efficiently inhibited both influenza A and B viruses with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 1.4 μg/ml, as well as currently circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an EC50 value of 0.9 ± 1.1 μg/ml. No toxicity to the host cells was observed at concentrations up to 300 μg/ml. Plaque titration and western blot analysis verified that λ-CGN reduced expression of viral proteins in cell lysates and suppressed progeny virus production in culture supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. This polyanionic compound exerts antiviral activity by targeting viral attachment to cell surface receptors and preventing virus entry. Moreover, its intranasal administration to mice during influenza A viral challenge not only alleviated infection-mediated reductions in body weight but also protected 60% of mice from virus-induced mortality. Thus, λ-CGN could be a promising antiviral agent for preventing infection with several respiratory viruses.
Apolipoprotein E4 effects on topological brain network organization in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Sanabria-Diaz Gretel , Melie-Garcia Lester , Draganski Bogdan , Demonet Jean-Francois , Kherif Ferath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Apolipoprotein E isoform E4 (ApoE4) is consistently associated with an elevated risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); however, less is known about the potential genetic modulation of the brain networks organization during prodromal stages like Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). To investigate this issue during this critical stage, we used a dataset with a cross-sectional sample of 253 MCI patients divided into ApoE4-positive (‛Carriers’) and ApoE4-negative (‘non-Carriers’). We estimated the cortical thickness (CT) from high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic images to calculate the correlation among anatomical regions across subjects and build the CT covariance networks (CT-Nets). The topological properties of CT-Nets were described through the graph theory approach. Specifically, our results showed a significant decrease in characteristic path length, clustering-index, local efficiency, global connectivity, modularity, and increased global efficiency for Carriers compared to non-Carriers. Overall, we found that ApoE4 in MCI shaped the topological organization of CT-Nets. Our results suggest that in the MCI stage, the ApoE4 disrupting the CT correlation between regions may be due to adaptive mechanisms to sustain the information transmission across distant brain regions to maintain the cognitive and behavioral abilities before the occurrence of the most severe symptoms.
How aging affects visuomotor adaptation and retention in a precision walking paradigm
Authors: Bakkum Amanda , Gunn Shaila M. , Marigold Daniel S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotor learning is a lifelong process. However, age-related changes to musculoskeletal and sensory systems alter the relationship (or mapping) between sensory input and motor output, and thus potentially affect motor learning. Here we asked whether age affects the ability to adapt to and retain a novel visuomotor mapping learned during overground walking. We divided participants into one of three groups (n = 12 each) based on chronological age: a younger-aged group (20–39 years old); a middle-aged group (40–59 years old); and an older-aged group (60–80 years old). Participants learned a new visuomotor mapping, induced by prism lenses, during a precision walking task. We assessed retention one-week later. We did not detect significant effects of age on measures of adaptation or savings (defined as faster relearning). However, we found that older adults demonstrated reduced initial recall of the mapping, reflected by greater foot-placement error during the first adaptation trial one-week later. Additionally, we found that increased age significantly associated with reduced initial recall. Overall, our results suggest that aging does not impair adaptation and that older adults can demonstrate visuomotor savings. However, older adults require some initial context during relearning to recall the appropriate mapping.
Pharmacological inactivation of the prion protein by targeting a folding intermediate
Authors: Spagnolli Giovanni , Massignan Tania , Astolfi Andrea , Biggi Silvia , Rigoli Marta , Brunelli Paolo , Libergoli Michela , Ianeselli Alan , Orioli Simone , Boldrini Alberto , Terruzzi Luca , Bonaldo Valerio , Maietta Giulia , Lorenzo Nuria L. , Fernandez Leticia C. , Codeseira Yaiza B. , Tosatto Laura , Linsenmeier Luise , Vignoli Beatrice , Petris Gianluca , Gasparotto Dino , Pennuto Maria , Guella Graziano , Canossa Marco , Altmeppen Hermann C. , Lolli Graziano , Biressi Stefano , Pastor Manuel M. , Requena Jesús R. , Mancini Ines , Barreca Maria L. , Faccioli Pietro , Biasini Emiliano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent computational advancements in the simulation of biochemical processes allow investigating the mechanisms involved in protein regulation with realistic physics-based models, at an atomistic level of resolution. These techniques allowed us to design a drug discovery approach, named Pharmacological Protein Inactivation by Folding Intermediate Targeting (PPI-FIT), based on the rationale of negatively regulating protein levels by targeting folding intermediates. Here, PPI-FIT was tested for the first time on the cellular prion protein (PrP), a cell surface glycoprotein playing a key role in fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative pathologies known as prion diseases. We predicted the all-atom structure of an intermediate appearing along the folding pathway of PrP and identified four different small molecule ligands for this conformer, all capable of selectively lowering the load of the protein by promoting its degradation. Our data support the notion that the level of target proteins could be modulated by acting on their folding pathways, implying a previously unappreciated role for folding intermediates in the biological regulation of protein expression.
Highly selective demethylation of anisole to phenol over H4Nb2O7 modified MoS2 catalyst
Authors: Ji Na , Wang Zhenjiao , Diao Xinyong , Jia Zhichao , Li Tingting , Zhao Yujun , Liu Qingling , Lu Xuebin , Ma Degang , Song Chunfeng 
Published: January 2021

H4Nb2O7 modified MoS2 catalyst enables the highly selective demethylation of anisole to phenol which opens a window for the hydrogenolysis of lignin to value-added chemicals.
S2D2: Small-scale Significant substructure DBSCAN Detection
Authors: González Marta , Joncour Isabelle , Buckner Anne S. M. , Khorrami Zeinhab , Moraux Estelle , Lumsden Stuart L. , Clark Paul , Oudmaijer René D. , Blanco José Manuel , de la Calle Ignacio , Herrera-Fernandez José María , Salgado Jesús J. , Valero-Martín Luis , Torres Zoe , Hacar Álvaro , Ulla Ana 
Published: January 2021

Context.The spatial and dynamical structure of star-forming regions can offer insights into stellar formation patterns. The amount of data from current and upcoming surveys calls for robust and objective procedures for detecting structures in order to statistically analyse the various regions and compare them.Aims.We aim to provide the community with a tool capable of detecting, above random expectations, the small-scale significant structure in star-forming regions that could serve as an imprint of the stellar formation process. The tool makes use of the one-point correlation function to determine an appropriate length scale forϵand uses nearest-neighbour statistics to determine a minimum number of pointsNminfor the DBSCAN algorithm in the neighbourhood ofϵ.Methods.We implemented the procedure and applied it to synthetic star-forming regions of different nature and characteristics to obtain its applicability range. We also applied the method to observed star-forming regions to demonstrate its performance in realistic circumstances and to analyse its results.Results.The procedure successfully detects significant small-scale substructures in heterogeneous regions, fulfilling the goals it was designed for and providing very reliable structures. The analysis of regions close to complete spatial randomness (Q ∈ [0.7, 0.87]) shows that even when some structure is present and recovered, it is hardly distinguishable from spurious detection in homogeneous regions due to projection effects. Thus, any interpretation should be done with care. For concentrated regions, we detect a main structure surrounded by smaller ones, corresponding to the core plus some Poisson fluctuations around it. We argue that these structures do not correspond to the small compact regions we are looking for. In some realistic cases, a more complete hierarchical, multi-scale analysis would be needed to capture the complexity of the region.Conclusions.We carried out implementations of our procedure and devised a catalogue of the Nested Elementary STructures (NESTs) detected as a result in four star-forming regions (Taurus, IC 348, Upper Scorpius, and Carina). This catalogue is being made publicly available to the community. Implementations of the 3D versionsof the procedure, as well as up to 6D versions, including proper movements, are in progress and will be provided in a future work.
Analytic, dust-independent mass-loss rates for red supergiant winds initiated by turbulent pressure
Authors: Kee N. D. , Sundqvist J. O. , Decin L. , de Koter A. , Sana H. 
Published: January 2021

Context.Red supergiants are observed to undergo vigorous mass loss. However, to date, no theoretical model has succeeded in explaining the origins of these objects’ winds. This strongly limits our understanding of red supergiant evolution and Type II-P and II-L supernova progenitor properties.Aims.We examine the role that vigorous atmospheric turbulence may play in initiating and determining the mass-loss rates of red supergiant stars.Methods.We analytically and numerically solve the equations of conservation of mass and momentum, which we later couple to an atmospheric temperature structure, to obtain theoretically motivated mass-loss rates. We then compare these to state-of-the-art empirical mass-loss rate scaling formulae as well as observationally inferred mass-loss rates of red supergiants.Results.We find that the pressure due to the characteristic turbulent velocities inferred for red supergiants is sufficient to explain the mass-loss rates of these objects in the absence of the normally employed opacity from circumstellar dust. Motivated by this initial success, we provide a first theoretical and fully analytic mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants. We conclude by highlighting some intriguing possible implications of these rates for future studies of stellar evolution, especially in light of the lack of a direct dependence on metallicity.
The implementation of a century foreign experience of affordable housing in construction management - a new format of economy in Russia
Authors: Leonova Leyla , Fedorov Anatoly , Czerny Tomash 
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the formation and history of the creation of a unique organizational model for managing the construction of affordable (social) housing on the example of the capital of Austria. The relevance of the functioning of such a model is indisputable, since at present, multiscale migration processes are taking place in large cities not only in the EU countries, but also in Russia. Moreover, migration takes place mainly from third world countries. In such conditions, there is an acute issue of providing the population with affordable, comfortable housing, without disturbing historical and architectural monuments. This model was formed and has been successfully operating in Vienna for over 100 years. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that the main role in it is played by the municipal authorities. Exactly they create social programs in the field of housing construction and funding them. At the same time, the rental housing market is becoming more comfortable and of high quality. The principles of social justice in the housing market for socially disadvantaged groups of the population are observed.
This model of the functioning and formation of the affordable housing market in Vienna, according to the authors of the article, personifies the formation and functioning of the socio-economic cluster in the housing and communal sector. Of course, such a positive experience of providing the country's citizens with affordable and comfortable apartments is possible and necessary to apply in Russia.
Accuracy assessment of the quiet-time ionospheric F2 peak parameters as derived from COSMIC-2 multi-GNSS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Cherniak Iurii , Zakharenkova Irina , Braun John , Wu Qian , Pedatella Nicholas , Schreiner William , Weiss Jan-Peter , Hunt Douglas 
Published: January 2021

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) mission was launched into a low-inclination (24°) orbit on June 25, 2019. Six satellites, each with an advanced Tri-GNSS Radio-Occultation Receiver System (TGRS), provide a global and uniform data coverage of the equatorial region with several thousand electron density profiles daily. The COSMIC-2 electron density profiles, and specifically the derived ionospheric F2 peak parameters, are properly validated in this study with reliable “truth” observations. For this purpose, we used manually scaled ionograms from 29 ground-based ionosondes located globally at low and middle latitudes. For this validation campaign, we considered only geomagnetically quiet conditions in order to establish benchmark level of the new mission’s ionospheric observation quality and to evaluate the operational capability of the COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation (RO) payload at the background of normal day-to-day variability of the ionosphere. For reliable colocations between two independent techniques, we selected only COSMIC-2 RO profiles whose F2 peak point coordinates were within 5° of the closest ionosonde. Our comparison of the ionospheric F2 peak height (hmF2) derived from COSMIC-2 RO and ground-based ionosonde measurements showed a very good agreement, with a mean of ~5 and ~2 km at low and middle latitudes, respectively, while RMS error was of ~23 and ~14 km, respectively. That range corresponds to a deviation of only 6–9% from the reference, ionosonde observations. Examination of representative collocation events with multiple (2–5) simultaneous RO tracks near the same ionosonde with different RO geometry, multi-satellite and multi-GNSS combination give us observational evidence that COSMIC-2 RO-based EDPs derived from GPS and GLONAS links show good self-consistency in terms of the ionospheric F2 peak values and electron density profile shape. We can conclude that COSMIC-2 provides high quality data for specification the ionospheric electron density at the F2 peak region.
Robotic Liver Surgery – Current Standards and Future Perspectives
Authors: Becker Felix , Morgül Haluk , Katou Shadi , Juratli Mazen , Hölzen Jens Peter , Pascher Andreas , Struecker Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Robotic liver surgery is emerging as the future of minimal invasive surgery. The robotic surgical system offers a stable camera platform, elimination of physiologic tremor, augmented surgical dexterity as well as improved ergonomics because of a seated operating position. Due to the theoretical advantages of the robotic assisted system, complex liver surgery might be an especially interesting indication for a robotic approach since it demands delicate tissue dissection, precise intracorporeal suturing as well as difficult parenchymal transection with subsequent need for meticulous hemostasis and biliostasis.
Material and methods An analysis of English and German literature on open, laparoscopic and robotic liver surgery was performed and this review provides a general overview of the existing literature along with current standards and aims to specifically point out future directions of robotic liver surgery.
Results Robotic liver surgery is safe and feasible compared to open and laparoscopic surgery, with improved short-term postoperative outcomes and at least non-inferior oncological outcomes.
Conclusion In complex cases including major hepatectomies, extended hepatectomies with biliary reconstruction and difficult segmentectomies of the posterior-superior segments, robotic surgery appears to emerge as a reasonable alternative to open surgery rather than being an alternative to laparoscopic procedures.
Evaluation of impact of elective invasive examinations in patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the long-term follow up
Authors: Seifert Leon Louis , Görlich Dennis , Jansen Christian , Ortmann Olessja , Schoster Martin , Praktiknjo Michael , Gu Wenyi , Schindler Philipp , Köhler Michael , Maschmeier Miriam , Wilms Christian , Meyer Carsten , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Wildgruber Moritz , Trebicka Jonel , Heinzow Hauke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction In the management of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion is well-established but common recommendations in the follow up management are inconsistent. Doppler sonography is commonly used for detection for TIPS dysfunction whilst data on the impact of elective invasive examinations are scarce.Aim The aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate potential benefits of elective invasive examinations in the follow up management of patients after TIPS insertionMethods Data of all patients receiving TIPS at the university hospitals of Muenster and Bonn between 2013 and 2018 (n = 534) were collected. The impact of performance of elective invasive examinations at 12 months after TIPS insertion on the occurrence of liver related events (LREs) and frequency of TIPS revisions within 24 months after TIPS insertion was analyzed.Results No significant differences were found concerning occurrence of liver related events after 24 months depending on whether an elective invasive examination was performed. Occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy, relapse of initial indication for TIPS, as well as death or liver transplantation all did not differ. These findings were verified by a subgroup analysis including only patients who did not experience a LRE or TIPS revision within the first 12 months after TIPS procedure.Conclusion The analyzed data suggest no evidence for a beneficial impact due to implementation of an elective invasive examination program after TIPS insertion. Invasive examinations should remain reserved to patients with suspected TIPS dysfunction.