bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri
Authors: Oishi Yutaro , Otaki Rie , Iijima Yukari , Kumagai Eri , Aoki Motohide , Tsuzuki Mikio , Fujiwara Shoko , Sato Norihiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Membrane lipid remodeling contributes to environmental 19 acclimation of plants. In a green lineage, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), is included exclusively among green algae and non-flowering plants. Here we show that, a green alga, Chlorella kessleri, reported to exceptionally possess no DGTS, synthesizes it specifically under phosphorus-deficiency conditions through the eukaryotic pathway via the ER. Simultaneously, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are similar to DGTS in its zwitterionic property, are almost completely degraded to release 18.1% cellular phosphorus, and to provide its diacylglycerol moieties for a part of DGTS synthesis. Above lipid remodeling system that substitutes DGTS for extrachloroplast phospholipids to lower the P-quota operates through expression induction of the gene for BTA1 that is functionally identified as responsible for DGTS synthesis, and those for0 phospholipid breakdown. Investigation of this lipid remodeling is necessary in a widerange of lower green plants for a comprehensive understanding of their phosphorus deficiency acclimation strategies.
Mining Microbe-disease Interactions From Literature via a Transfer Learning Model
Authors: Wu Chengkun , Xiao Xinyi , Yang Canqun , Chen JinXiang , Yi Jiacai , Qiu Yanlong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Interactions of microbes and diseases are of great importance for biomedical research. However, large-scale curated databases for microbe-disease interactions are missing, as the amount of related literature is enormous and the curation process is costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we aim to construct a large-scale database for microbe-disease interactions automatically. We attained this goal via applying text mining methods based on a deep learning model with a moderate curation cost. We also built a user-friendly web interface to allow researchers navigate and query desired information. Results: For curation, we manually constructed a golden-standard corpora (GSC) and a sliver-standard corpora (SSC) for microbe-disease interactions. Then we proposed a text mining framework for microbe-disease interaction extraction without having to build a model from scratch. Firstly, we applied named entity recognition (NER) tools to detect microbe and disease mentions from texts. Then we transferred a deep learning model BERE to recognize relations between entities, which was originally built for drug-target interactions or drug-drug interactions. The introduction of SSC for model ne-tuning greatly improves the performance of detection for microbe-disease interactions, with an average reduction in error of approximately 10%. The resulting MDIDB website offers data browsing, custom search for specific diseases or microbes as well as batch download. Conclusions: Evaluation results demonstrate that our method outperform the baseline model (rule-based PKDE4J) with an average F1-score of 73.81%. For further validation, we randomly sampled nearly 1,000 predicted interactions by our model, and manually checked the correctness of each interaction, which gives a 73% accuracy. The MDIDB webiste is freely avaliable throuth http://dbmdi.com/index/
Evolution of Magnetic Properties During Tempering
Authors: Akujärvi Ville , Cedell Tord , Gutnichenko Oleksandr , Jaskari Matias , Andersson Mats 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quality control in heat treatment of steel is often conducted after the treatment. Failure to confine within the specified range of mechanical properties may lead to wasted energy and production resources. Performing quality control in-line in the heat treatment process allows for early detection and possibility to react to changes in the process. The prospects of utilizing the change in the electromagnetic (EM) properties of steel, as means for quality control, is investigated in this paper. The focus is on the tempering process of hardened SS2244 (42CrMoS4) steel. The tempering takes the hardness of the steel from approximately 600 HV down to around 400 HV. The EM signature of the steel is recorded during the tempering process. This is later compared to results from more traditional means of material characterization, such as Laser Scanning Microscopy, X-ray Diffractometry and Vickers microhardness measurement. This initial study shows clear indications of precise detection of the hardness through EM properties during tempering process of selected material.
Impact of Pay-for-performance Incentives for Contracted Family Doctor Service among Primary Healthcare Providers on Diabetes Care in China
Authors: Jin Yinzi , Tian Wenya , Yu Yahang , Pan Wen , Yuan Beibei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: As the first step towards building a gatekeeping system in China, the governments have introduced a contracted family doctor service (CFDS) policy in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities since 2016. The impact of performance-based salary (PBS) system incentive on performance remained unknown. This study was to examine the association between the PBS adding incentive for CFDS and the performance indicators of diabetes care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 72 PHC facilities in 6 cities that piloted the CFDS, extracting 827 PHC health workers and 420 diabetes patients. The PHC health workers’ performance on delivery of diabetes care focused on the continuity and coordination of care. The outcome performance of diabetes care was measured by patients’ utilization of diabetes care and control of blood glucose reported by patients.Results: PHC health workers whose performance on contracted service was included in the overall performance assessment had 0.279 (95% CI 0.031-0.526) more score of the continuity of care, and had 92.6% (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.160-3.197) higher likelihood of good coordination of care. PHC health workers whose performance linked with increased income were 168.1% (OR 2.681, 95% CI 1.502-4.788) and 78.0% (OR 1.780, 95% CI 1.220-2.597) more likely to have good continuity and coordination of care, respectively. The facility level analysis showed that additional one-point percentage of PHC health workers whose performance on contracted service was included in the overall performance assessment, and additional one-point percentage of whose performance assessment increased their income was associated with 7.192 (OR 8.192, 95% CI 1.903-35.266) times and 52.2% (OR 1.522, 95% CI 1.055-2.196) higher probability of having their patients with control of blood glucose. Additional one-point percentage of PHC health workers whose performance assessment increased their income was associated with 0.559 (95% CI 0.139-0.979) more score on patients’ utilization of diabetes care.Conclusions: Inclusion of the requirements on CFDS into the assessment criteria, and adding the incentives rewarding better performance on contracted family doctors into PBS system for PHC health workers were associated with better delivery process and outcome performance on diabetes care.
Techno-Economic Assessment for the Production of Algal Fuels and Value-Added Products: Opportunities for High-Protein Microalgae Conversion
Authors: Wiatrowski Matthew , Klein Bruno C , Davis Ryan W , Quiroz-Arita Carlos , Tan Eric C D , Hunt Ryan W , Davis Ryan E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMicroalgae possess numerous advantages for use as a feedstock in producing renewable fuels and products, with techno-economic analysis (TEA) frequently used to highlight the economic potential and technical challenges of utilizing this biomass in a biorefinery context. However, many historical TEA studies have focused on the conversion of biomass with elevated levels of carbohydrates and lipids and lower levels of protein, incurring substantial burdens on the ability to achieve high cultivation productivity rates relative to nutrient-replete, high-protein biomass. Given a strong dependence of algal biomass production costs on cultivation productivity, further TEA assessment is needed to understand the economic potential for utilizing potentially lower-cost but lower-quality, high-protein microalgae for biorefinery conversion. ResultsIn this work, we conduct rigorous TEA modeling to assess the economic viability of two conceptual technology pathways for processing proteinaceous algae into a suite of fuels and products. One approach, termed mild oxidative treatment and upgrading (MOTU), makes use of a series of thermo-catalytic operations to upgrade solubilized proteins and carbohydrates to hydrocarbon fuels, while another alternative focuses on the biological conversion of those substrates to oxygenated fuels in the form of mixed alcohols (MA). Both pathways rely on the production of polyurethanes from unsaturated fatty acids and valorization of unconverted solids for use as a material for synthesizing bioplastics. The assessment found similar, albeit slightly higher fuel yields and lower costs for the MA pathway, translating to a residual solids selling price of $899/ton for MA versus $1,033/ton for MOTU as would be required to support a $2.50/gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE) fuel selling price. A variation of the MA pathway including subsequent upgrading of the mixed alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels (MAU) reflected a required solids selling price of $975/ton.ConclusionThe slight advantages observed for the MA pathway are partially attributed to a boundary that stops at oxygenated fuels versus fungible drop-in hydrocarbon fuels through a more complex MOTU configuration, with more comparable results obtained for the MAU scenario. In either case, it was shown that an integrated algal biorefinery can be economical through optimal strategies to utilize and valorize all fractions of the biomass.
Hydrodynamic interactions are key in thrust-generation of microswimmers with hairy flagella
Authors: Asadzadeh Seyed Saeed , Walther Jens Honore , Andersen Anders , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The important role of flagellates in aquatic microbial food webs is mediated by their flagella that enable them to swim and generate a feeding current. The flagellum in most predatory flagellates is equipped with rigid hairs that reverse the direction of thrust compared to the thrust due to a smooth flagellum. Conventionally, such reversal has been attributed to drag anisotropy of individual hairs, neglecting their hydrodynamic interactions. Here, we show that hydrodynamic interactions are key to thrust-generation and reversal in hairy flagellates, making their hydrodynamics fundamentally different from the slender-body theory governing microswimmers with smooth flagella. Using computational fluid dynamics and model analysis, we demonstrate that long and not too closely spaced hairs and strongly curved flagellar waveforms are optimal for thrust-generation. Our results form a theoretical basis for understanding the diverse flagellar architectures and feeding modes found in predatory flagellates.
Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 Promotes Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis by Binding mIR-128-3p and UPF1
Authors: Liu Shuiyi , Chen Weiqun , Hu Hui , Zhang Tianzhu , Wu Tangwei , Li Xiaoyi , Li Yong , Kong Qinzhi , Lu Hongda , Lu Zhongxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence support that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles during cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we report that the plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) lncRNA is involved in breast cancer progression. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the gene and protein expression. Colony formation, would healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell function. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiments were used to examine the mechanisms interaction between molecules. Orthotopic mouse models were established to evaluate the influence of PVT1 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.Results: PVT1 is significant upregulated in breast cancer patients’ plasma and cell lines. PVT1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PVT1 upregulates FOXQ1 by competitively sponging miR-128-3p and promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In addition, PVT1 binds to the UPF1 protein, thereby inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition, proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer cells.Conclusion: PVT1 may act as an oncogene in breast cancer through binding miR-128-3p and UPF1 and represents a potential target for BC therapeutic development.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in a Generalized Model of Interactive Dynamics Between COVID-19 and The Economy
Authors: Datta Soumya , Saratchand C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use a simple general model of interactive dynamics between the COVID-19 pandemic and the economy to examine the impact of various non-pharmaceutical interventions in the form of restrictions on socio-economic activities like lockdowns, travel restrictions etc. We mathematically demonstrate that these restrictions might be useful in preventing repeated waves of infection recurrence in the pandemic. These results are general and not dependent on choice of specific functional forms or parameter configurations. We set out briefly the implications of these results for public health interventions.
Influence of Aquatic pH on Dissolved Pb in East Kolkata Wetlands: A Case Study With Reference to Climate Change Induced Acidification
Authors: Dutta Joystu , Dutta Joysurya , Sen Tirthankar , Zaman Sufia , Mitra Abhijit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study was undertaken with the databank of dissolved Pb and pH of the aquatic system in the East Kolkata Wetlands, an internationally unique Ramsar Site of Eastern India during a period of twenty years (2000-2019). Our study site is receiving huge amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas of highly populated metropolitan city of Kolkata. The data on pH exhibits a decreasing trend with the passage of time, which may be attributed to the phenomenon of acidification in which CO2 dissolves with the water and shifts the pH to a lower value. This may result in the dissolution of accumulated Pb in the sediment and transfer the same to the overlying aquatic phase. The increasing trend of dissolved Pb confirms the hypothesis. The significant negative correlation between pH and dissolved Pb (r= -0.7763; p≤0.01) supports the view of the regulatory effect of pH on the dissolved Pb level in the aquatic systems of East Kolkata Wetland.
miR-320a-3p Levels in Human Granulosa Cells: A Promising Bio-marker of Good Quality Embryo and Clinical Pregnancy after IVF/ICSI.
Authors: Liu Yu , Mei Qiaojuan , Shen Qiuzi , Yang Jiahao , Zou Min , Li Jiao , Li Huaibiao , Zhang Ling , Xiang Wenpei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundmiRNAs in body fluids are considered potential biomarkers of diseases. This study investigated whether miR-320a-3p and miR-483-5p levels in human granulosa cells from follicular fluids were associated with embryo developmental competence. MethodsWe collected 195 patients’ granulosa cells samples undergoing in vitro fertilization (n =147) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (n =48) cycles, and gathered information about the outcomes of the treatment. miR-320a-3p and miR-483-5p levels were measured using qRT-PCR.ResultsThe miR-320a-3p levels in human granulosa cells across different patient groups were significantly different in the good quality embryo rates, with lowest levels in the Q4 intervals (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-320a-3p were negatively associated with clinical pregnancy rate (P<0.05) and positively correlated with the patient age (P=0.0033). Moreover, both the basal FSH (P=0.0003) and ovarian stimulation protocol (P=0.006 and P=0.004) significantly and positively affected miR-320a-3p levels. The days of stimulation was negatively correlated with the relative expression of miR-320a-3p (P=0.0466). The relative expression levels of miR-483-5p were significantly positively correlated with AMH (P=0.0047). Neither miR-320a-3p nor miR-483-5p levels in granulosa cells were associated with normal fertilized rate, blastulation rate and abortion rate. ConclusionsThe miR-320a-3p levels in human granulosa cells were negatively correlated with the good quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy rate and positively correlated with the patient age, indicating that miR-320a-3p can be used as a potential indicator to predict embryo development ability and clinical pregnancy.
Oleuropein Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from IL-1β –Induced Inflammation by Blocking MAPK/NF- k B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Hsu Ming-Lung , Huang Wen-Chung , Zhou Yi-Rong , Hu Sindy , Huang Chun-Hsun , Wu Shu-Ju 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives and designPro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1b cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) inflammation, which is related to visual deterioration, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Oleuropein is a polyphenol compound that shows potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities, but its effects on IL-1b–induced inflammation have not been examined in the adult RPE cell line ARPE-19.Materials/methodsHere, we assessed the ability of oleuropein to attenuate this inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. IL-1β induced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP)-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1. As measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, oleuropein significantly inhibited levels of all three proteins and led to decreased monocyte adhesiveness to ARPE-19 cells. To clarify the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms, we used western blots to evaluate the effect of oleuropein on inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Result The results showed that oleuropein significantly decreased levels of the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 and increased anti-inflammatory protein HO-1 expression. We next examined if the anti-inflammatory activity of oleuropein arises via inactivated NF-κB. We found that suppressing phosphorylation of the JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways inhibited IL-6, MCP-1, and sICAM-1 secretion, implicating these pathways and NF-κB suppression in the effects of oleuropein. ConclusionsThese results indicate that oleuropein shows potential for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the retina.
On the dual effect of obstacles in preventing silo clogging
Authors: Gella Diego , Yanagisawa Daichi , Caitano Rodrigo , Ferreyra Maria Victoria , Zuriguel Iker 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that an obstacle, when suitably placed above a bottleneck, leads to a reduction of clog formation in a silo via two different mechanisms. The first one, already suggested in previous works, is related to an alteration of the kinematic properties in the outlet proximities that prevents the stabilization of arches. The second, that is discovered when working at a quasi-static regime, appears because the obstacle induces a clear anisotropy in the contact fabric tensor. Then, both mechanisms are encompassed using a single equation in which two parameters -one related with the geometrical effects and the other to the kinematic ones- are enough to reproduce all the experimental results
CCR2-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Targeting Damaged Liver Enhances Recovery of Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Xu Ruixuan , Shan Jiarou , Ni Beibei , Pan Lijie , Lv Guo , Lin Huizhu , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Qi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as a promising cell therapeutic strategy in acute liver failure (ALF) clinical research. The potency of MSCs to migrate and engraft into targeted lesions could largely determine their clinical efficacy, in which chemokine/receptor axes play a crucial role. Unfortunately, the downregulation of chemokine receptors expression after in vitro expansion results in a poor homing capacity of MSCs.Methods: By evaluating the chemokine expression profile in the liver of ALF patients and ALF mice, we found that CCL2 expression was highly upregulated in damaged livers, while the corresponding receptor, CCR2, was lacking in cultured MSCs. Thus, we genetically modified MSCs to overexpress CCR2 and investigated the targeted homing capacity and treatment efficacy of MSCCCR2 compared to those of the MSCvector control.Results: In vivo and ex vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging showed that MSCCCR2 rapidly migrated and localized to injured livers in remarkably greater numbers following systemic infusion, and these cells were retained in liver lesions for a longer time than MSCvector. Furthermore, MSCCCR2 exhibited significantly enhanced efficacy in the treatment of ALF in mice, which was indicated by a dramatically improved survival rate, the alleviation of liver injury with reduced inflammatory infiltration, and hepatic apoptosis, and the promotion of liver regeneration.Conclusions: Altogether, these results indicate that CCR2 overexpression enhances the targeted migration of MSCs to damaged livers, improves their treatment effect, and may provide a novel strategy for improving the efficacy of cell therapy for ALF.
Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Left Ventricular Remodelling and Longitudinal Strain: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gamaza-Chulian Sergio , Díaz-Retamino Enrique , González-Testón Fátima , Gaitero José Carlos , Castillo María José , Alfaro Raquel , Rodríguez Elías , González-Caballero Eva , Martín-Santana Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) lower cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, although the mechanisms underlying these benefits are not clearly understood. Our aim was to study the effects of SGLT2i on left ventricular remodelling and longitudinal strain.Methods: Between November 2019 and April 2020, we included 52 patients with T2DM ≥18 years old, with HbA1c between 6.5% and 10.0%, and estimated glomerular filtration ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2. Patients were classified into SGLT2i group and control group, according to prescribed treatment by their referring physician. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography were performed by blinded sonographers, at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.Results: Among the 52 included patients (44% females, mean age 66.8±8.6 years, mean HbA1c was 7.40±0.7%), 30 patients were prescribed SGLT2i and 22 patients were classified as control group. Mean change in indexed left ventricular mass (LVM) was -10.85±3.31 g/m2 (p=0.003) in the SGLT2i group, and +2.34±4.13 g/m2 (p=0.58) in the control group. Absolute value of Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) increased by a mean of 1.29±0.47 (p=0.011) in the SGLT2i group, and 0.40±0.62 (p=0.34) in the control group. We did not find correlations between changes in LVM and GLS, and other variables like change in HbA1c.Conclusions: Among patients with T2DM, SGLT2i were associated with a significant reduction in indexed LVM and a significant increment in longitudinal strain measured by speckle tracking echocardiography, which may explain in part the clinical benefits found in clinical trials.