bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Nursing Responses to Cuticular Cues Emanating from Short-term Changes in Larval Rearing Environment
Authors: Metz Bradley N , Chakrabarti Priyadarshini , Sagili Ramesh R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Honey bee larvae are dependent on the social structure of colony for their provisioning and survival. With thousands of larvae being managed collectively by groups of foragers (collecting food resources) and nurse bees (processing food and provisioning larvae), coordination of colony efforts in rearing brood depends on multiple dynamic cues of larval presence and needs. Much of these cues appear to be chemical, with larvae producing multiple pheromones, major being brood ester pheromone (BEP; nonvolatile blend of fatty acid esters) that elicits both short-term releaser effects and long-term primer effects. While BEP can affect colony food collection and processing with the signaling of larval presence, it is unclear if BEP signals individual larval needs. To understand this aspect, in a series of experiments we manipulated larval feeding environment by depriving larvae from adult bee contact for 4-h period and examined (1) nurse bee interactions with contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae and larval extracts; (2) forager bee responses to contact-deprived and nondeprived larval extracts. We also characterized BEP of contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae. We found that nurse honey bees tend to aggregate more over contact-deprived larvae when compared with nondeprived larvae, but that these effects were not found in response to whole hexane extracts. Our analytical results suggest that BEP components changed in both quantity and quality over short period of contact deprivation. These changes affected foraging behavior, but did not appear to directly affect nursing behavior, suggesting that different chemical cues are involved in regulating nursing effort to individual larvae.
Effects of nitrogen addition on clonal integration between mother and daughter ramets of Moso bamboo: a 13C-CO2 pulse labeling study
Authors: Zhai Wanlu , Wang Yi , Luan Junwei , Liu Shirong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Resource sharing among connected ramets (i.e. clonal integration) is one of the distinct traits of clonal plants. Clonal integration confers Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) a strong adaptability to different environmental conditions. But the mechanisms of how clonal integration makes Moso bamboo has better performance are still poorly understood. In this study, acropetal and basipetal translocation of photosynthates between Moso bamboo ramets were analyzed separately to investigate how clonal fragments obtain higher benefits under heterogeneous N conditions. Clonal fragments of Moso bamboo consisting of two interconnected mother–daughter ramets were used, each of the ramets was subjected to either with or without N addition. The acropetal and basipetal translocation of 13C-photosynthates was separated via single-ramet 13CO2-labeling. Mother ramets translocated more 13C-photosynthates to daughter ramets with N addition, and the translocation of 13C-photosynthates to mother ramets was more pronounced when daughter ramets were treated with N addition. The 13C-photosynthates that were translocated from mother ramets without and with N addition were mainly invested in the leaves and roots of daughter ramets with N addition, from daughter ramets with N addition were mainly invested in the leaves and roots of mother ramets with and without N addition, respectively. These results suggest that mother ramets preferentially invest more resources in nutrient-rich daughter ramets, and that daughter ramets serve as efficient resource acquisition sites to specialize in acquiring abundant resources based on the resource conditions of mother ramets. Clonal plants can improve their resource acquisition efficiency and maximize the overall performance in this way.
Challenges of prescribing antidepressants for the elderly: a scoping review
Authors: Fahrni Mathumalar Loganathan , Zubir Siti Nor Afiqah Mohd , Saman Kamaliah Md , Misran Nurul Fatin Laila , Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Mohammed Ali Haider , Wayyes Abdulrasool M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
With a shift in global demographic trends favouring the older population, depression, which is increasingly common to older adults, is fast becoming a significant public health phenomenon that can result in rising healthcare costs, co-morbidities and fatalities. In particular, challenges to prescribing antidepressants to older people given their altered pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles is of major concern to healthcare providers. We aimed to review the challenges encountered by prescribers when diagnosing and selecting older patients suited to receive an antidepressant.

Methods
English articles published between 2011 and 2021 were searched from the three databases which were MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE to identify studies related to challenges in prescribing antidepressants for older people with the combination of search keywords such as depression, antidepressants, elderly and challenges, but not limited to them. Studies were excluded if the age of the participant is below 65 years old. The relevancy of the studies to be included were examined initially based on their titles and abstracts. Additional articles were searched from the reference lists of relevant articles.

Key findings
Out of 2500 studies, 11 articles was included in this study. The challenges were classified into three themes: challenges associated with the ageing processes, difficulty in recognising depressive symptoms and challenges in distinguishing depression from cognitive impairment.

Conclusions
Antidepressant prescribing in the elderly is complicated, in which there is a lack of proof for beneficial approaches. The study highlighted pertinent challenges to prescribers when older patients seek drug therapy for depression. This could have easily led to many depression cases gone undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
Influence of Tacrolimus on Serum Vitamin A Levels in Patients after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Yang Shulin , Le Juan , Peng Rui , Wang Shaoting , Li Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Patients after renal transplantation exhibit high levels of vitamin A, which has been previously suspected to be related with immunosuppressive medication. However, this possibility has not yet been systematically studied.

Materials and Methods
Altogether, 116 patients were included and divided into 2 groups based on serum creatinine levels. The mean values of vitamin A levels between the 2 groups were compared using the Student’s t-test. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association between vitamin A and tacrolimus.

Results
Elevated vitamin A levels were found in both groups, and patients with kidney dysfunction after transplantation showed higher levels of vitamin A than patients with recovered kidney function. Most important, we could not identify any significant correlations between vitamin A level and tacrolimus for both groups. After long-term and short-term monitoring for different patients, obvious individual differences emerged. Such results generally ruled out previous suspicions regarding causality between immunosuppressive medication (tacrolimus) and vitamin A elevation after renal transplantation.

Conclusion
Patients after renal transplantation showed higher serum vitamin A levels than people with a normal medical exam, even if their graft function was restored. The cause of this abnormality did not seem to be related with tacrolimus.
Extended Hernquist–Springel formalism for cosmic star formation
Authors: Sorini Daniele , Peacock John A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a revised and extended version of the analytical model for cosmic star formation originally given by Hernquist and Springel in 2003. The key assumption of this formalism is that star formation proceeds from cold gas, at a rate that is limited by an internal consumption time-scale at early times, or by the rate of generation of gas via cooling at late times. These processes are analysed as a function of the mass of dark matter haloes and integrated over the halo population. We modify this approach in two main ways to make it more general: (1) halo collapse times are included explicitly, so that the behaviour is physically reasonable at late times; (2) allowance is made for a mass-dependent baryon fraction in haloes, which incorporates feedback effects. This model reproduces the main features of the observed baryonic Tully–Fisher relationship, and is consistent with observational estimates of the baryon mass fraction in the intergalactic medium. With minimal adjustment of parameters, our approach reproduces the observed history of cosmic star formation within a factor of 2 over the redshift range of 0 &lt; z &lt; 10. This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. Our simplified apparatus has pedagogical value in illuminating the results of such detailed calculations, and also serves as a means for rapid approximate exploration of non-standard cosmological models.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: drivers of stellar metallicity in nearby galaxies
Authors: Neumann Justus , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia , Goddard Daniel , Lian Jianhui , Hill Lewis , Domínguez Sánchez Helena , Bernardi Mariangela , Margalef-Bentabol Berta , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K , Bizyaev Dmitry , Boardman Nicholas F , Drory Niv , Fernández-Trincado José G , Lane Richard 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The distribution of stellar metallicities within and across galaxies is an excellent relic of the chemical evolution across cosmic time. We present a detailed analysis of spatially resolved stellar populations based on &gt;2.6 million spatial bins from 7439 nearby galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV) Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey. To account for accurate inclination corrections, we derive an equation for morphology-dependent determination of galaxy inclinations. Our study goes beyond the well-known global mass–metallicity relation and radial metallicity gradients by providing a statistically sound exploration of local relations between stellar metallicity [Z/H], stellar surface mass density Σ⋆, and galactocentric distance in the global mass–morphology plane. We find a significant resolved mass density–metallicity relation $r\Sigma _\star ZR$ for galaxies of all types and masses above $10^{9.8}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. Different radial distances make an important contribution to the spread of the relation. Particularly, in low- and intermediate-mass galaxies, we find that at fixed Σ⋆ metallicity increases with radius independently of morphology. For high masses, this radial dependence is only observed in high Σ⋆ regions of spiral galaxies. This result calls for a driver of metallicity, in addition to Σ⋆ that promotes chemical enrichment in the outer parts of galaxies more strongly than in the inner parts. We discuss gas accretion, outflows, recycling, and radial migration as possible scenarios.
PLATO hare-and-hounds exercise: asteroseismic model fitting of main-sequence solar-like pulsators
Authors: Cunha M S , Roxburgh I W , Aguirre Børsen-Koch V , Ball W H , Basu S , Chaplin W J , Goupil M-J , Nsamba B , Ong J , Reese D R , Verma K , Belkacem K , Campante T , Christensen-Dalsgaard J , Clara M T , Deheuvels S , Monteiro M J P F G , Noll A , Ouazzani R M , Rørsted J L , Stokholm A , Winther M L 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismology is a powerful tool to infer fundamental stellar properties. The use of these asteroseismic-inferred properties in a growing number of astrophysical contexts makes it vital to understand their accuracy. Consequently, we performed a hare-and-hounds exercise where the hares simulated data for six artificial main-sequence stars and the hounds inferred their properties based on different inference procedures. To mimic a pipeline such as that planned for the PLATO mission, all hounds used the same model grid. Some stars were simulated using the physics adopted in the grid, others a different one. The maximum relative differences found (in absolute value) between the inferred and true values of the mass, radius, and age were 4.32, 1.33, and 11.25 per cent, respectively. The largest systematic differences in radius and age were found for a star simulated assuming gravitational settling, not accounted for in the model grid, with biases of −0.88 per cent (radius) and 8.66 per cent (age). For the mass, the most significant bias (−3.16 per cent) was found for a star with a helium enrichment ratio outside the grid range. Moreover, an ∼7 per cent dispersion in age was found when adopting different prescriptions for the surface corrections or shifting the classical observations by ±1σ. The choice of the relative weight given to the classical and seismic constraints also impacted significantly the accuracy and precision of the results. Interestingly, only a few frequencies were required to achieve accurate results on the mass and radius. For the age the same was true when at least one l = 2 mode was considered.
Proper motions of OB stars in the far Carina Arm
Authors: Drew J E , Monguió M , Wright N J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In large-scale maps of the Galactic disc, the Carina Arm stands out as a clear spiral feature, hosting prominent star clusters and associations rich in massive stars. We study the proper motions of 4199 O and early B most likely in the far Carina Arm, at distances mainly in excess of 4 kpc from the Sun, within the sky region, 282° &lt; ℓ &lt; 294° and −3° &lt; b &lt; +1° (Galactic coordinates). The sample is constructed by extending an existing blue-selected catalogue, and cross-matching with Gaia EDR3 astrometry. The observed pattern of proper motions is modulated into a saw-tooth pattern, with full amplitude approaching 1 mas yr−1, recurring roughly every 2–3 degrees of longitude (200–300 pc at the median OB-star distance of 5.8 kpc). Kinematic perturbation of underlying circular rotation is most likely present. The data also reveal a moving group containing &gt;50 OB stars at ℓ ∼ 286°, b ∼ −1.4° behind the main run of the far arm. An analysis of relative proper motions is performed that yields an incidence of runaway O stars of at least 10 per cent (potentially &gt;20 per cent when full space motions become available). To map where runaways have run away from, we set up simulations for the region that assume linear trajectories and test for trajectory impact parameter in order to identify likely ejection hot spots. We find the method currently gives good results for times of flight of up to ∼4 Myr. It shows convincingly that only NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2 have ejected OB stars in significant numbers. Indeed, both clusters have experienced intense spells of ejection between 0.6–0.9 and 0.5–0.8 Myr ago, respectively.
A new analytic ram pressure profile for satellite galaxies
Authors: Vega-Martínez Cristian A , Gómez Facundo A , Cora Sofía A , Hough Tomás 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new analytic fitting profile to model the ram pressure (RP) exerted over satellite galaxies on different environments and epochs. The profile is built using the information of the gas particle distribution in hydrodynamical simulations of groups and clusters of galaxies to measure the RP directly. We show that predictions obtained by a previously introduced β-profile model cannot consistently reproduce the dependence of the RP on halocentric distance and redshift for a given halo mass. It features a systematic underestimation of the predicted RP at high redshifts (z &gt; 1.5), which increases towards the central regions of the haloes and it is independent of halo mass, reaching differences larger than two decades for satellites at r &lt; 0.4Rvir. This behaviour reverses as redshift decreases, featuring an increasing overestimation with halocentric distance at z = 0. As an alternative, we introduce a new universal analytic model for the profiles that can recover the RP dependence on halo mass, halocentric distance, and redshift. We analyse the impact of our new profile on galaxy properties by applying a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation and evolution on top of the simulations. We show that galaxies experiencing large amounts of cumulative RP stripping typically have low stellar masses (M⋆ ≤ 109.5 M⊙). Besides, their specific star formation histories depend on the RP modelling applied, particularly at high redshifts (z &gt; 1.5).
Improving IGM temperature constraints using wavelet analysis on high-redshift quasars
Authors: Wolfson Molly , Hennawi Joseph F , Davies Frederick B , Oñorbe Jose , Hiss Hector , Lukić Zarija 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The thermal state of the intergalactic medium contains vital information about the epoch of reionization, one of the most transformative yet poorly understood periods in the young Universe. This thermal state is encoded in the small-scale structure of Lyman-α (Ly α) absorption in quasar spectra. The 1D flux power spectrum measures the average small-scale structure along quasar sightlines. At high redshifts, where the opacity is large, averaging mixes high signal-to-noise ratio transmission spikes with noisy absorption troughs. Wavelet amplitudes are an alternate statistic that maintains spatial information while quantifying fluctuations at the same spatial frequencies as the power spectrum, giving them the potential to more sensitively measure the small-scale structure. Previous Ly α forest studies using wavelet amplitude probability density functions (PDFs) used limited spatial frequencies and neglected strong correlations between PDF bins and across wavelets scales, resulting in suboptimal and unreliable parameter inference. Here we present a novel method for performing statistical inference using wavelet amplitude PDFs that spans the full range of spatial frequencies probed by the power spectrum and that fully accounts for these correlations. We applied this procedure to realistic mock data drawn from a simple thermal model parametrized by the temperature at mean density, T0, and find that wavelets deliver 1σ constraints on T0 that are on average 7 per cent more sensitive at z = 5 (12 per cent at z = 6) than those from the power spectrum. We consider the possibility of combing wavelet PDFs with the power, but find that this does not lead to improved sensitivity.
FlyAtlas 2 in 2022: enhancements to the Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas
Authors: Krause Sue A , Overend Gayle , Dow Julian A T , Leader David P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
FlyAtlas 2 (flyatlas2.org) is a database and web application for studying the expression of the genes of Drosophila melanogaster in different tissues of adults and larvae. It is based on RNA-Seq data, and incorporates both genes encoding proteins and microRNAs. We have now completed the population of the database with 13 tissues from both male and female adults, five sex-specific tissues, and eight larval tissues. Larval garland cell nephrocytes have also been included. Major enhancements have been made to the application. First, a facility has been added for a ‘Profile’ search for genes with a similar pattern of tissue expression as a query gene. This may help establish the function of genes for which this is currently unknown. Second, a facility has been added dedicated to the larval midgut, where the difference in gene expression in the five regions of different pH can be explored. A variety of further improvements to the interface are described.
RNAPhaSep: a resource of RNAs undergoing phase separation
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Fu Hao , Cui Tianyu , Ning Lin , Shao Huaguo , Guo Yehan , Ke Yanting , Zheng Jiayi , Lin Hongyan , Wu Xin , Liu Guanghao , He Jun , Han Xin , Li Wenlin , Zhao Xiaoyang , Lu Huasong , Wang Dong , Hu Kongfa , Shen Xiaopei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) partitions cellular contents, underlies the formation of membraneless organelles and plays essential biological roles. To date, most of the research on LLPS has focused on proteins, especially RNA-binding proteins. However, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that RNAs can also function as ‘scaffolds’ and play essential roles in seeding or nucleating the formation of granules. To better utilize the knowledge dispersed in published literature, we here introduce RNAPhaSep (http://www.rnaphasep.cn), a manually curated database of RNAs undergoing LLPS. It contains 1113 entries with experimentally validated RNA self-assembly or RNA and protein co-involved phase separation events. RNAPhaSep contains various types of information, including RNA information, protein information, phase separation experiment information and integrated annotation from multiple databases. RNAPhaSep provides a valuable resource for exploring the relationship between RNA properties and phase behaviour, and may further enhance our comprehensive understanding of LLPS in cellular functions and human diseases.
C3 glomerulopathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy: impact of chronic histologic lesions and beneficial effects of clone-targeted therapies
Authors: Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Lucientes Laura , Serra Núria , Cavero Teresa , Rodado Raquel , Ramos Natalia , Gonzalez Fayna , Shabaka Amir , Cabello Virginia , Huerta Ana , Pampa-Saico Saúl , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Quintana Luis F , López-Rubio Maria Esperanza , Draibe Juliana , Alonso Titos Juana , Fernández-Juárez Gema , Goicoechea de Jorge Elena , Praga Manuel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundC3 glomerulopathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy (C3G-MIg) is a rare entity. Herein we analysed the clinical and histologic features of a cohort of C3G-MIg patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, multicentre, observational study. Patients diagnosed with C3G-MIg between 1995 and 2021 were enrolled. All had genetic studies of the alternative complement pathway. The degree of disease activity and chronicity were analysed using the C3G histologic index. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used to evaluate the main outcome of the study [kidney failure (KF)].ResultsThe study group included 23 patients with a median age 63 of years [interquartile range (IQR) 48–70], and 57% were males. Immunoglobulin G kappa was the most frequent MIg (65%). The diagnosis of C3G-MIg was made in transplanted kidneys in seven patients (30%). Five (22%) patients had C3 nephritic factor and five (22%) had anti-factor H antibodies. One patient carried a pathogenic variant in the CFH gene. During a follow-up of 40 months (IQR 14–69), nine patients (39%) reached KF and these patients had a significantly higher total chronicity score on kidney biopsy. Patients who received clone-targeted therapy had a significantly higher survival compared with other management. Those who achieved haematological response had a significantly higher kidney survival. Outcome was remarkably poor in kidney transplant recipients, with five of them (71%) reaching KF. By PSM (adjusting for age, kidney function, proteinuria and chronicity score), no significant differences were observed in kidney survival between C3G patients with/without MIg.ConclusionsThe C3G histologic index can be used in patients with C3G-MIg to predict kidney prognosis, with higher chronicity scores being associated with worse outcomes. Clone-targeted therapies and the development of a haematological response are associated with better kidney prognosis.