bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory-driven beta band entrainment of limbic circuitry during neonatal development
Authors: Kostka Johanna K. , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTCognitive processing relies on the functional refinement of the limbic circuitry during the first two weeks of life. During this developmental period, when most sensory systems are still immature, the sense of olfaction acts as “door to the world”, providing the main source of environmental inputs. However, it is unknown whether early olfactory processing shapes the activity in the limbic circuitry during neonatal development. Here, we address this question by combining simultaneous in vivo recordings from the olfactory bulb (OB), lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), hippocampus (HP), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) with olfactory stimulation as well as opto- and chemogenetic manipulations of mitral/tufted cells (M/TCs) in the OB of non-anesthetized neonatal mice. We show that the neonatal OB synchronizes the limbic circuity in the beta frequency range. Moreover, it drives neuronal and network activity in LEC, as well as subsequently, HP and PFC via long-range projections from mitral cells (MCs) to HP-projecting LEC neurons. Thus, OB activity shapes the communications within limbic circuits during neonatal development.
Amplitude discrimination is predictably affected by echo frequency filtering in wideband echolocating bats
Authors: Tuninetti Amaro , Simmons Andrea Megela , Simmons James A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBig brown bats emit wideband frequency modulated (FM) ultrasonic pulses for echolocation. They perceive target range from echo delay and target size from echo amplitude. Their sounds contain two prominent down-sweeping harmonic sweeps (FM1, ∼55-22 kHz; FM2, ∼100-55 kHz), which are affected differently by propagation out to the target and back to the bat. FM2 is attenuated more than FM1 during propagation. Bats anchor target ranging asymmetrically on the low frequencies in FM1, while FM2 only contributes if FM1 is present as well. These experiments tested whether the bat’s ability to discriminate target size from the amplitude of echoes is affected by selectively attenuating upper or lower frequencies. Bats were trained to perform an echo amplitude discrimination task with virtual echo targets 83 cm away. While echo delay was held constant and echo amplitude was varied to estimate threshold, either lower FM1 frequencies or higher FM2 frequencies were attenuated. The results parallel effects seen in echo delay experiments; bats’ performance was significantly poorer when the lower frequencies in echoes were attenuated, compared to higher frequencies. The bat’s ability to distinguish between virtual targets at the same simulated range from echoes arriving at the same delay indicates a high level of focused attention for perceptual isolation of one and suppression of the other.
Fluorescence Activation Mechanism and Imaging of Drug Permeation with New Sensors for Smoking-Cessation Ligands
Authors: Nichols Aaron L. , Blumenfeld Zack , Fan Chengcheng , Luebbert Laura , Blom Annet E. M. , Cohen Bruce N. , Marvin Jonathan S. , Borden Philip M. , Kim Charlene H. , Muthusamy Anand K. , Shivange Amol V. , Knox Hailey J. , Campello Hugo Rego , Wang Jonathan H. , Dougherty Dennis A. , Looger Loren L. , Gallagher Timothy , Rees Douglas C. , Lester Henry A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTNicotinic partial agonists provide an accepted aid for smoking cessation and thus contribute to decreasing tobacco-related disease. Improved drugs constitute a continued area of study. However, there remains no reductionist method to examine the cellular and subcellular pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds in living cells. Here, we developed new intensity-based drug sensing fluorescent reporters (“iDrugSnFRs”) for the nicotinic partial agonists dianicline, cytisine, and two cytisine derivatives – 10-fluorocytisine and 9-bromo-10-ethylcytisine. We report the first atomic-scale structures of liganded periplasmic binding protein-based biosensors, accelerating development of iDrugSnFRs and also explaining the activation mechanism. The nicotinic iDrugSnFRs detect their drug partners in solution, as well as at the plasma membrane (PM) and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cell lines and mouse hippocampal neurons. At the PM, the speed of solution changes limits the growth and decay rates of the fluorescence response in almost all cases. In contrast, we found that rates of membrane crossing differ among these nicotinic drugs by > 30 fold. The new nicotinic iDrugSnFRs provide insight into the real-time pharmacokinetic properties of nicotinic agonists and provide a methodology whereby iDrugSnFRs can inform both pharmaceutical neuroscience and addiction neuroscience.
Defining Moults in Migratory Birds: A Sequence-based Approach
Authors: Pyle Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo broad nomenclatures have emerged to describe moult strategies in birds, the “life-cycle” system which describes moults relative to present-day breeding and other life-history events and the Humphrey-Parkes (H-P) system which reflects the evolution of moults along ancestral lineages. Using either system, challenges have arisen defining strategies in migratory species with more than one moult per year. When all or part of two moults occur in non-breeding areas they may fail to be recognized as two moults or have been discriminated temporally, whether feathers are replaced in fall, winter, or spring. But in some cases feather replacement can span the non-breeding period, and this has resulted in an inability to identify inserted moults and to compare moult strategies between species. Furthermore, recent analyses on factors influencing the extent of the postjuvenile or preformative moults have either confined this moult to the summer grounds or presumed that it can be suspended and resumed on winter grounds, which has lead to quite divergent results. Evolutionarily, the timing, extent, and location of moults are very plastic whereas the sequence in which feathers are replaced is comparatively fixed. As, such, I propose taking an evolutionary approach to define moults on the basis of feather-replacement sequences as opposed to timing or location of replacement, including strategies in which moults can overlap temporally. I provide examples illustrating the functionality of a sequence-based definition in three migratory North American passerines that can undergo feather replacement twice in non breeding areas, and I demonstrate how this system can effectively apply to moults in many other passerine and non-passerine species. I recommend that authors studying the evolutionary drivers of moult strategies in migratory birds adopt a sequence-based approach or carefully consider replacement strategies both prior to and following autumn migration.
Population ecology of seabirds in Mexican Islands at the California Current System
Authors: Sánchez Federico Méndez , Guzmán Yuliana Bedolla , Mayoral Evaristo Rojas , Aguirre-Muñoz Alfonso , Koleff Patricia , Vargas Alejandro Aguilar , Santana Fernando Álvarez , Arnaud Gustavo , Ornelas Alicia Aztorga , Beltrán Morales Luis Felipe , Yáñez Maritza Bello , García Humberto Berlanga , Hernández Esmeralda Bravo , Tapia Ana Cárdenas , Vera Aradit Castellanos , Sauceda Miguel Corrales , Canizales Ariana Duarte , Blanco Alejandra Fabila , Lizárraga María Félix , Robledo Anely Fernández , Montoya Julio Hernández , Ríos Alfonso Hernández , Elías Eduardo Iñigo , Rosas Ángel Méndez , Mayoral Braulio Rojas , Carlos Fernando Solís , Ortega-Rubio Alfredo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Baja California Pacific Islands (BCPI) is a seabird hotspot in the southern California Current System supporting 129 seabird breeding populations of 23 species and over one million birds annually. These islands had a history of environmental degradation because of invasive alien species, human disturbance, and contaminants that caused the extirpation of 27 seabird populations. Most of the invasive mammals have been eradicated and breeding colonies have been restored with social attraction techniques. We have systematic information for most of the breeding populations since 2008. To assess population trends, we analyzed data and present results for 19 seabird species on ten island groups. The maximum number of breeding pairs for each nesting season was used to estimate the population growth rate (λ) for each species at every island colony. We performed a nonparametric bootstrapping to assess whether seabird breeding populations are increasing or decreasing. San Benito, Natividad, and San Jerónimo are the top three islands in terms of abundance of breeding pairs. The most widespread species is Cassin’s Auklet with 14 colonies. Twenty-three populations of 13 species are significantly increasing while eight populations of six species are decreasing. We did not find statistical significance for 30 populations, however, 20 have λ>1 which suggest they are growing. Seven of the 18 species for which we estimated a regional population trend are significantly increasing, including three surface-nesting species: Brown Pelican, Elegant Tern and Laysan Albatross, and four burrow-nesting species: Ainley’s and Ashy Storm-Petrels, and Craveri’s and Guadalupe Murrelet. Our results suggest that the BCPI support healthy and growing populations of seabirds that have shown to be resilient to extreme environmental conditions such as the “Blob”, and that such resilience has been strengthen from conservation and restoration actions such as the eradication of invasive mammals and social attraction techniques.
The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins
Authors: Eriksson Martin , Rafajlović Marina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, plasticity may induce fitness costs. This may hinder the evolution of plasticity. Earlier modelling studies examined the role of plasticity during range expansions of populations with fixed genetic variance. However, genetic variance evolves in natural populations. This may critically alter model outcomes. We ask: How does the capacity for plasticity in populations with evolving genetic variance alter range margins that populations without the capacity for plasticity are expected to attain? We answered this question using computer simulations and analytical approximations. We found a critical plasticity cost above which the capacity for plasticity has no impact on the expected range of the population. Below the critical cost, by contrast, plasticity facilitates range expansion, extending the range in comparison to that expected for populations without plasticity. We further found that populations may evolve plasticity to buffer temporal environmental fluctuations, but only when the plasticity cost is below the critical cost. Thus, the cost of plasticity is a key factor involved in range expansions of populations with the potential to express plastic response in the adaptive trait.
Boundary domain genes were recruited to suppress bract growth and promote branching in maize
Authors: Xiao Yuguo , Guo Jinyan , Dong Zhaobin , Richardson Annis , Patterson Erin , Mangrum Sidney , Bybee Seth , Bertolini Edoardo , Bartlett Madelaine , Chuck George , Eveland Andrea L. , Scanlon Michael J. , Whipple Clinton 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrass inflorescence development is diverse and complex and involves sophisticated but poorly understood interactions of genes regulating branch determinacy and leaf growth. Here, we use a combination of transcript profiling, genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate tasselsheath1 (tsh1) and tsh4, two maize genes that simultaneously suppress inflorescence leaf growth and inhibit branching. We identify a regulatory network of inflorescence leaf suppression that involves the phase change gene tsh4 upstream of tsh1 and the ligule identity gene liguleless2 (lg2). We also find that a series of duplications in the tsh1 gene lineage facilitated its shift from boundary domain in non-grasses to suppressed inflorescence leaves of grasses. Collectively, these results suggest that the boundary domain genes tsh1 and lg2 were recruited to inflorescence leaves where they suppress growth and regulate a non-autonomous signaling center that promotes inflorescence branching, an important component of yield in cereal grasses.
High accuracy offering attention mechanisms based deep learning approach using CNN/bi-LSTM for sentiment analysis
Authors: Kota Venkateswara Rao , Munisamy Shyamala Devi 
Published: October 2021

PurposeNeural network (NN)-based deep learning (DL) approach is considered for sentiment analysis (SA) by incorporating convolutional neural network (CNN), bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and attention methods. Unlike the conventional supervised machine learning natural language processing algorithms, the authors have used unsupervised deep learning algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe method presented for sentiment analysis is designed using CNN, Bi-LSTM and the attention mechanism. Word2vec word embedding is used for natural language processing (NLP). The discussed approach is designed for sentence-level SA which consists of one embedding layer, two convolutional layers with max-pooling, one LSTM layer and two fully connected (FC) layers. Overall the system training time is 30 min.FindingsThe method performance is analyzed using metrics like precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy. CNN is helped to reduce the complexity and Bi-LSTM is helped to process the long sequence input text.Originality/valueThe attention mechanism is adopted to decide the significance of every hidden state and give a weighted sum of all the features fed as input.
Documenting multiple temporalities
Authors: McKenzie Pamela J. , Davies Elisabeth 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis article explores the varied ways that individuals create and use calendars, planners and other cognitive artifacts to document the multiple temporalities that make up their everyday lives. It reveals the hidden documentary time work required to synchronize, coordinate or entrain their activities to those of others.Design/methodology/approachWe interviewed 47 Canadian participants in their homes, workplaces or other locations and photographed their documents. We analyzed qualitatively; first thematically to identify mentions of times, and then relationally to reveal how documentary time work was situated within participants' broader contexts.FindingsParticipants' documents revealed a wide variety of temporalities, some embedded in the templates they used, and others added by document creators and users. Participants' documentary time work involved creating and using a variety of tools and strategies to reconcile and manage multiple temporalities and indexical time concepts that held multiple meanings. Their work employed both standard “off the shelf” and individualized “do-it-yourself” approaches.Originality/valueThis article combines several concepts of invisible work (document work, time work, articulation work) to show both how individuals engage in documentary time work and how that work is situated within broader social and temporal contexts and standards.
Service robots, agency and embarrassing service encounters
Authors: Pitardi Valentina , Wirtz Jochen , Paluch Stefanie , Kunz Werner H. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeExtant research mainly focused on potentially negative customer responses to service robots. In contrast, this study is one of the first to explore a service context where service robots are likely to be the preferred service delivery mechanism over human frontline employees. Specifically, the authors examine how customers respond to service robots in the context of embarrassing service encounters.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a mixed-method approach, whereby an in-depth qualitative study (study 1) is followed by two lab experiments (studies 2 and 3).FindingsResults show that interactions with service robots attenuated customers' anticipated embarrassment. Study 1 identifies a number of factors that can reduce embarrassment. These include the perception that service robots have reduced agency (e.g. are not able to make moral or social judgements) and emotions (e.g. are not able to have feelings). Study 2 tests the base model and shows that people feel less embarrassed during a potentially embarrassing encounter when interacting with service robots compared to frontline employees. Finally, Study 3 confirms that perceived agency, but not emotion, fully mediates frontline counterparty (employee vs robot) effects on anticipated embarrassment.Practical implicationsService robots can add value by reducing potential customer embarrassment because they are perceived to have less agency than service employees. This makes service robots the preferred service delivery mechanism for at least some customers in potentially embarrassing service encounters (e.g. in certain medical contexts).Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to examine a context where service robots are the preferred service delivery mechanism over human employees.
Behavioural generalism could facilitate coexistence of tropical and temperate fishes under climate change
Authors: Coni Ericka O. C. , Booth David J. , Ferreira Camilo M. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Coral‐reef fishes are shifting their distributions poleward in response to human‐mediated ocean warming; yet, the consequences for recipient temperate fish communities remain poorly understood. Behavioural modification is often the first response of species to environmental change, but we know little about how this might shape the ongoing colonisation by tropical fishes of temperate‐latitude ecosystems under climate change.

In a global hotspot of ocean warming (southeast Australia), we quantified 14 behavioural traits of invading tropical and local co‐occurring temperate fishes at 10 sites across a 730 km latitudinal gradient as a proxy of species behavioural niche space in different climate ranges (subtropical, warm‐temperate and cold‐temperate).

We found that tropical fishes (four species) modified their behavioural niches as well as increased their overall behavioural niche breadth in their novel temperate ranges where temperate species predominate, but maintained a moderate to high niche segregation with native temperate species across latitudinal range position. Temperate species (three co‐occurring species) also modified their niches, but in contrast to tropical species, experienced an increased niche breadth towards subtropical ranges. Alterations to feeding and shoaling behaviours contributed most to niche modifications in tropical and temperate species, while behaviours related to alertness and escape from potential threats contributed least.

We here show that at warmer and colder range edges where community structures are being reshuffled due to climate change, behavioural generalism and niche modification are potential mechanisms adopted by tropical range extenders and native temperate fishes to adjust to novel species interactions under climate change.
Interactions in clinical trials: Protocol and statistical analysis plan for an explorative study of four randomized ICU trials on use of pantoprazole, oxygenation targets, haloperidol and intravenous fluids
Authors: Schjørring Olav L. , Lange Theis , Krag Mette , Andersen‐Ranberg Nina Christine , Meyhoff Tine S. , Marker Søren , Klitgaard Thomas L. , Estrup Stine , Møller Morten Hylander , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Poulsen Lone M. , Perner Anders 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) patients receive numerous interventions, but knowledge about potential interactions between these interventions is limited. Co‐enrolment in randomized clinical trials represents a unique opportunity to investigate any such interactions. We aim to assess interactions in four randomized clinical trials with overlap in inclusion periods and patient populations.MethodsThis protocol and statistical analysis plan describes a secondary explorative analysis of interactions in four international ICU trials on pantoprazole, oxygenations targets, haloperidol and intravenous fluids, respectively. The primary outcome will be 90‐day all‐cause mortality. The secondary outcome will be days alive and out of hospital in 90 days after randomization. All patients included in the intention‐to‐treat populations of the four trials will be included. Four co‐primary analyses will be conducted, one with each of the included trials as reference using a logistic regression model adjusted for the reference trial's stratification variables and for the co‐interventions with interactions terms. The primary analytical measure of interest will be the analyses’ tests of interaction. A p‐value below .05 will be considered statically significant. The stratification variable‐ and co‐intervention‐adjusted effect estimates will be reported with 95% confidence intervals without adjustments for multiplicity.ConclusionThis exploratory analysis will investigate the presence of any interactions between pantoprazole, oxygenation targets, haloperidol and amount of intravenous fluids in four international ICU trials using co‐enrolment. Assessment of possible interactions represents valuable information to guide the design, statistical powering and conduct of future trials.
The utilisation of sentinel lymph node biopsy for endometrial cancer in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Foster Leon , Burling Michael , Brand Alison 
Published: October 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to identify to what extent the sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique is utilised by gynaecological oncologists in Australia and New Zealand, identifying the techniques used, any barriers to uptake, and management of isolated tumour cells (ITCs) and micrometastases.Materials and methodsWe conducted an online survey of all practising gynaecological oncologists in Australia and New Zealand. They were asked whether they utilised SLN biopsy and in what circumstances, how they managed non‐mapping and how their multidisciplinary team managed small volume disease. Those who did not were asked to identify their concerns with the procedure, reasons for non‐uptake and their alternate technique.ResultsWe surveyed 63 gynaecological oncologists of whom 59 were practising, and 48 (81%) responded. Six members (11%) do not utilise SLN biopsy, and 42 (89%) do. Areas where clinicians differ in practice are those areas that are most controversial and include the use of SLN biopsy in complex atypical hyperplasia, the management of ITCs and micrometastases and procedures on unilateral or bilateral non‐mapping. Those who do not utilise the technique cite concerns about the false‐negative rate, equipment and training issues.ConclusionsThe utilisation of SLN biopsy in endometrial cancer is well established in Australia and New Zealand, with similar practices and concerns to those of other international groups.