bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four images of projectification: an integrative review
Authors: Jacobsson Mattias , Jałocha Beata 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe aim of this article is to give an overview of the development and current state of projectification research. The inquiry was driven by a threefold research question: How has projectification been understood and defined over time, what has the trajectory of the development been and what are the main trends and emerging ideas?Design/methodology/approachThe article is an integrative literature review of research done on the notion of projectification to date. An interdisciplinary, integrative literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science as primary sources of data collection. The full data set consists of 123 journal articles, books, book chapters and conference contributions. With the data set complete, a thematic analysis was conducted.FindingsAmong other things, the review outlines the development and scope of projectification research from 1995 until 2021 and discusses four emerging images of projectification: projectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issue. These characteristics emphasize some common features of each of the images but also imply that the way projectification is understood changes depending on the paradigmatic perspective taken by the researcher, the time and place in which the observation was made and the level of observation.Originality/valueThe authors have outlined and discussed four images of projectification – projectification as a managerial approach, projectification as a societal trend, projectification as a human state and projectification as a philosophical issue – where each image represents a special take on projectification with some prevalent characteristics. By doing this, the authors provide a systematic categorization of research to date and thus a basis upon which other researchers can build when furthering the understanding of projectification at large.
Additive manufacturing a powerful tool for the aerospace industry
Authors: Khorasani Mahyar , Ghasemi AmirHossein , Rolfe Bernard , Gibson Ian 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers potential solutions when conventional manufacturing reaches its technological limits. These include a high degree of design freedom, lightweight design, functional integration and rapid prototyping. In this paper, the authors show how AM can be implemented not only for prototyping but also production using different optimization approaches in design including topology optimization, support optimization and selection of part orientation and part consolidation. This paper aims to present how AM can reduce the production cost of complex components such as jet engine air manifold by optimizing the design. This case study also identifies a detailed feasibility analysis of the cost model for an air manifold of an Airbus jet engine using various strategies, such as computer numerical control machining, printing with standard support structures and support optimization.

Design/methodology/approach
Parameters that affect the production price of the air manifold such as machining, printing (process), feedstock, labor and post-processing costs were calculated and compared to find the best manufacturing strategy.

Findings
Results showed that AM can solve a range of problems and improve production by customization, rapid prototyping and geometrical freedom. This case study showed that 49%–58% of the cost is related to pre- and post-processing when using laser-based powder bed fusion to produce the air manifold. However, the cost of pre- and post-processing when using machining is 32%–35% of the total production costs. The results of this research can assist successful enterprises, such as aerospace, automotive and medical, in successfully turning toward AM technology.

Originality/value
Important factors such as validity, feasibility and limitations, pre-processing and monitoring, are discussed to show how a process chain can be controlled and run efficiently. Reproducibility of the process chain is debated to ensure the quality of mass production lines. Post-processing and qualification of the AM parts are also discussed to show how to satisfy the demands on standards (for surface quality and dimensional accuracy), safety, quality and certification. The original contribution of this paper is identifying the main production costs of complex components using both conventional and AM.
‘The Lay Gaze’—Rural Norwegian men’s assessment of others’ health based on pictures
Authors: Hervik Stein Egil Kolderup , Skille Eivind Åsrum 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we explore lay men's understanding of the relationship between other's bodily appearance and health—‘the Lay Gaze’. We applied the theoretical concepts of biopower, medical gaze, bodyism and healthism—the ideology where one feature is that a slim body is equivalent to a healthy body—and interviewed 18 adult and elderly men in rural Norway, representing a heterogeneous group regarding age, ethnicity and education. To explore the interviewees’ subjective perception or ‘gaze’, the interviewees were presented with eight pictures of different people. Our main findings were, first, that the sample of a relatively heterogeneous group of adult and elderly lay men in rural Norway talk similarly about body appearance and health and follow the healthism discourse with an embedded association between body appearance and health assessment. Second, we found some variation regarding how interviewees define other standards for the elderly and black people.
Crisis management: Regional approaches to geopolitical crises and natural hazards
Authors: Raikes Jonathan , Smith Timothy F. , Powell Neil , Thomsen Dana C. , Friman Eva , Kronlid David , Sidle Roy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCrisis management planning and response can be improved by regional governments and organisations learning from one another. Specifically, comparative learning may be a benefit when groups understand the perceived effectiveness of various regional approaches when responding to different types of hazards. This article presents findings from a comparative case study analysis of regional governance perspectives of crisis management for geopolitical events and natural hazards in the Sunshine Coast, Australia, and Gotland, Sweden. Data were collected and analysed using document analyses and semi‐structured interviews with regional practitioners. It was found that regional crisis management is increasingly influenced by global processes that are affecting the scales and characteristics of crises. As a result, prospective regional governance must evolve to include more international perspectives in crisis management and account for activities and processes that take place beyond arbitrary political boundaries.
Policy to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Is Agricultural Methane a Special Case?
Authors: Lynch John , Garnett Tara 
Published: September 2021

SummaryClimate change mitigation will require significant efforts from all emitting sectors, including agriculture. However, agricultural emission reduction measures raise specific concerns, both in respect of their distinct climate outcomes and how their implementation might support or frustrate wider objectives. We highlight some special characteristics regarding agricultural methane emissions. As methane is a relatively short‐lived gas, we do not have the same strong physical requirement to completely eliminate net methane emissions as we do for carbon dioxide. An appreciation of the distinct nature and impacts of carbon dioxide and methane can bring nuance to discussions; especially around what different sectors must be expected to achieve, and thus help avoid negative trade‐offs that might result from heavy‐handed policy interventions. Nevertheless, significant and rapid methane emission reductions do remain important in realistically achieving our overall climate objectives. A number of technical measures to reduce ruminant methane are highlighted, but are not without their own challenges; and we are unlikely to meet climate or other environmental targets without systemic changes to the total food system, including overall consumption patterns. The appropriate policy tools to achieve these changes are emerging as a key, but contested, concern in Europe and beyond, making it vital we work through these arguments in a transparent manner.
Looking in the Rear‐View Mirror: Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy in the First Five years of EuroChoices
Authors: Azcárate Tomás García 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn the field of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), it was widely expected that the end of the 20th century (and the beginning of the 21st) was going to end quietly. However, when the first issue of EuroChoices appeared in 2001, the CAP was again immersed in profound changes, in ‘a paradox: a CAP reform without budget, WTO or food safety crisis’. The article underlines the different factors, including the key role played by the Commissioner Franz Fischler, which explain the radical changes in the CAP which took place in the first years of this century. Fischler’s mandate marked several steps in the advancement of the modernisation of the CAP and confirmed the road towards its market orientation. The ‘CAP medical check’ promoted by his successor, the Danish Commissioner Marian Fischer‐Boel, deepened the reform process and even extended it to the sugar, milk and wine sectors. The time had then come to tackle more decisively other challenges such as the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, the imbalance in the food chain or the differences in public support to farmers across different European countries.
Are the COP26 Climate Change Negotiations Ready to Embrace Agriculture?
Authors: Matthews Alan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryEven though agricultural and land sector emissions contribute almost one‐quarter of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, it has been a long struggle to properly recognise and discuss within the UNFCCC framework the contribution that these sectors can make to the global mitigation effort. This is despite the fact that many countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions highlight the potential for abatement in these sectors, though commitments are often made contingent on receipt of external finance. A major breakthrough occurred with the adoption of the Koronivia Joint Work Programme on Agriculture at COP23 in 2017. The two UNFCCC subsidiary bodies charged with implementing this work programme will report back on its outcomes at the COP26 in Glasgow in November. The UK government’s Campaign for Nature, under its COP Presidency to highlight the importance of nature‐based solutions, can also help to strengthen the focus on the importance of these sectors. This article describes the background to these discussions and discusses possible outcomes at COP26 of relevance to the agriculture and land sectors.
Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Peat Soils in Dutch Agriculture
Authors: Poppe Krijn , van Duinen Lianne , de Koeijer Tanja 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPeat soils that are drained to enable productive agriculture result in land subsidence and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These have negative effects on the environment, in particular climate change, and rural infrastructure. This article reviews the EU and Dutch regulatory requirements for reducing GHG emissions and discusses options to reduce the negative effects of peat soils. An optimisation farm model based on Dutch farm data provides estimates of farm income losses for three different changes in water levels in peat soils associated with changes in production methods for three options of NH3 emission reductions and three options for nature conservation areas. Model results suggest that carbon credits are an excellent method of financing the costs that farmers face when adapting to legal requirements for lower emissions, ideally raising water levels to –20 cm below field level. The comparison of scenario results also outlines the need to take account of different policy objectives simultaneously in policy evaluation, as do farmers when they adapt their farm practices to the policy environment. Opportunities to add value from markets could also help reduce the income loss from the adoption of more environmentally‐friendly practices.
Persistent negative stakeholder perspectives limit recovery of a critically endangered carnivore
Authors: Titus Keifer L. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe human component in endangered species conservation has the potential to significantly limit the ability to achieve recovery of these species globally. Across the Great Plains of North America there have been significant declines in populations of several grassland‐obligate species, including the black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) and the critically endangered black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). Social surveys conducted in Montana, USA, 27 years ago, immediately prior to reintroduction of black‐footed ferrets, described widely differing attitudes and knowledge among stakeholder groups—with most local and state residents being opposed to conservation and recovery of these two wildlife species. We conducted a mail survey replicating methods of the 1993 study to assess current attitudes and knowledge concerning prairie dogs and black‐footed ferrets among five stakeholder groups (local and statewide ranchers, urban and local residents, and members of conservation organizations). Our results demonstrate that despite concerted outreach efforts and a general rise in knowledge about black‐footed ferrets and prairie dogs across stakeholder groups, similar differences in attitudes persisted among stakeholder groups over time, with local stakeholders adjacent to recovery sites maintaining the most negative attitudes. We also observed that local stakeholders supported a significantly shorter time threshold (<10 years) for abandoning efforts to restore an endangered species should recovery goals not be met. Given the reliance on local public support for conserving these species, and other endangered species globally, our findings highlight the importance of continually reassessing stakeholder attitudes and knowledge over time to assess challenges and identify opportunities for endangered species restoration.
Screening for depression in psoriasis patients during a dermatological consultation: A first step towards treatment
Authors: Kromer Christian , Mohr Johannes , Celis Daniel , Poortinga Sietske , Gerdes Sascha , Mössner Rotraut , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesDepression is a highly prevalent comorbidity in psoriatic patients. The aim of this prospective study was to follow up psoriasis patients at risk for depression and to evaluate individual pathways to mental health care and the efficacy of depression screening in a real‐life setting.Patients and MethodsIn this prospective multicenter study, 355 patients with psoriasis were screened for depressive symptoms with the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II). General practitioners of patients at risk for depression were asked for further evaluation. One year later, information on mental health care provision was gathered.Results130 patients were screened positive for depressive symptoms, and 71 patients were followed‐up (follow‐up rate: 54.6 %). Psychiatric treatment was recommended for 28.2 % and accepted by 23.9 % of patients. Parameters of disease activity of psoriasis (PASI: 3.1, ∆: –1.7, P = 0.018), quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]: 6.5, ∆: –2.8, P = 0.005), and depressive symptoms (BDI‐II: 13.2, ∆: –8.3, P < 0.001) improved significantly. Decrease of the BDI‐II score was more pronounced in patients with higher PASI decrease.ConclusionsScreening for depressive symptoms led to increased utilization of mental health care and improvement of psoriasis, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Thus, such screening should be implemented in routine care to optimize patient management.
NicheMapR – an R package for biophysical modelling: the endotherm model
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Briscoe Natalie J. , Mathewson Paul D. , Porter Warren P. 
Published: September 2021

Endothermic organisms typically maintain high and relatively constant body temperatures in the face of environmental variation by regulating their metabolic and water loss rates in conjunction with behavioural and postural adjustments. A mechanistic understanding of these processes provides a perspective of the fundamental niches of endotherms by quantifying their energy and water requirements, restrictions on habitat use and survival limits.Here we introduce and document the endotherm model of NicheMapR, an R package that includes a suite of programs for the mechanistic modelling of energy and mass exchange between organisms and their environments. The NicheMapR endotherm model is based on a Fortran program that simultaneously solves for the metabolic rate, water loss rate, fur/feather temperature and skin temperature required to balance the heat budget in a given microclimate. These calculations are a function of traits relating to insulation, shape, physiological and behavioural responses. The program contains algorithms for computing heat transfer through a porous insulative layer (fur/feathers), including solar and infrared radiation fluxes as well as convective and conductive exchange, and can handle differing dorsal and ventral traits and environments.Here we configure the program to be called from R as part of the NicheMapR package and describe the model in detail. We break the program into a set of modules that can be run in isolation, or jointly, and combined in different ways to capture species‐specific thermoregulatory responses. We explain the theory and underlying subroutines, and the default thermoregulatory settings. We discuss how the model can be adapted to incorporate species‐specific behaviours and extended to incorporate multiple body parts. We also compare the endotherm modelling setup with the ectotherm model of the NicheMapR package and discuss how the different modelling strategies they require reflect fundamental biological issues.
Economic strain, parental education and psychotic experiences among college students in the United States: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study 2020
Authors: Oh Hans , Nagendra Arundati , Besecker Megan , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai , Wang Julia Shu‐Huah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimSocioeconomic status (SES) is linked to psychosis, and much can be learned by examining how various indicators of SES—specifically economic strain and intergenerational transfer of resources—are related to sub‐threshold psychotic experiences among college students.MethodsUsing data from the Healthy Minds Survey (September 2020–December 2020), we used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between five SES indicators and 12‐month psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity. We also examined the count of predictors and psychotic experiences.ResultsEach indicator of economic strain was associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences. In particular, increasing levels of financial stress (current, childhood and pandemic‐related) were associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences in a dose–response fashion. Food insecurity was associated with double the odds of psychotic experiences. In terms of intergenerational transfer of resources, having either one or no parents who attended college was associated with significantly greater odds of having psychotic experiences, when compared with having both parents who attended college. Examining all predictors in the same model, only childhood and current financial stress and food insecurity were significantly associated with psychotic experiences. The count of predictors was significantly associated with greater odds of having psychotic experiences in a dose‐dependent fashion.ConclusionsAmong college students, economic strain and intergenerational transfer of resources were associated with recent psychotic experiences, highlighting the importance of economic interventions targeting young adults to influence risk for psychosis.
RNF170 mutation causes autosomal dominant sensory ataxia with variable pyramidal involvement
Authors: Van Daele Sien H. , Moisse Matthieu , Race Valérie , Van Eesbeeck Amélie , Keldermans Liesbeth , Vermeer Sascha , Van Esch Hilde , Claeys Kristl G. , Van Damme Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hereditary ataxias are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, specific clinical clues can sometimes incriminate certain genes. This can trigger genetic testing in sporadic patients or prompt dissecting certain genes more thoroughly when initial genetic testing is negative. Also for the assembly of gene panels and interpretation of the results, genotype−phenotype correlations remain important to establish.MethodsWe clinically evaluated a Belgian family with autosomal dominant inherited sensory ataxia and variable pyramidal involvement and performed targeted clinical exome sequencing. Secondly, we retrospectively screened sequencing data of an in‐house cohort of 404 patients with neuromuscular disorders for variants in the identified gene RNF170.ResultsAll affected family members showed sensory ataxia on examination. Pyramidal involvement, and sometimes slow‐pursuit abnormalities and/or a sensory neuropathy, were more variable findings. We identified the heterozygous variant p.Arg199Cys in RNF170 in all three affected siblings of our family. We did not find additional pathogenic variants in RNF170 in our in‐house neuromuscular cohort.ConclusionsWe confirm the heterozygous variant p.Arg199Cys in RNF170 in a Belgian family with autosomal dominant sensory ataxia and variable pyramidal involvement. This constitutes a rare but clinically recognizable phenotype that warrants testing of RNF170. Unlike the distinctive bi‐allelic loss of function variants in RNF170 associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), the p.Arg199Cys variant is the only one reported in sensory ataxia. It is important for neurologists to be aware of this characteristic phenotype and to include this gene in gene panels for ataxia and HSP.
Size effect in creep–fatigue crack growth interaction in P2M steel
Authors: Shlyannikov Valery , Kosov Dmitry , Fedorenkov Dmitry , Zhang Xian‐Chen , Tu Shan‐Tung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn investigation of the crack propagation under the creep–fatigue interaction in C(T) specimens of P2M steel was carried out. Numerical calculations included the determination of the stress–strain state fields for the viscoelastic material, as well as the distributions of stress triaxiality, nonlinear stress intensity factors, and the C‐integral along the crack front in specimen with different thickness. The interpretation of the experimental results under fatigue–creep interaction is given by the elastic and nonlinear stress intensity factors in terms of the traditional and new normalized cyclic fracture diagrams. Considering the size effects through the creep‐dominated stress intensity factors caused differences in the crack growth behavior. In specimens with the same geometry, the crack growth rate under the creep–fatigue interaction increased monotonically compared with harmonic fatigue, and the superposition of fatigue and creep contributions shows an order of magnitude increase in the total crack growth rate with respect to the pure creep.