bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐optic measurements and their inter‐dependencies for delineating cancerous breast biopsy tissue from adjacent normal
Authors: Pal Uttam M. , Vishnu GK Anil , Varma Manoj , Vaidya Jayant S. , Pandya Hardik J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe histopathological diagnosis of cancer is the current gold standard to differentiate normal from cancerous tissues. We propose a portable platform prototype to characterize the tissue's thermal and optical properties, and their inter‐dependencies to potentially aid the pathologist in making an informed decision. The measurements were performed on 10 samples from five subjects, where the cancerous and adjacent normal were extracted from the same patient. It was observed that thermal conductivity (k) and reduced‐scattering‐coefficient (μ's) for both the cancerous and normal tissues reduced with the rise in tissue temperature. Comparing cancerous and adjacent normal tissue, the difference in k and μ's (at 940 nm) were statistically significant (p = 7.94e‐3), while combining k and μ's achieved the highest statistical significance (6.74e‐4). These preliminary results promise and support testing on a large number of samples for rapidly differentiating cancerous from adjacent normal tissues.
Novel 6‐hydroxyquinolinone derivatives: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, in silico study and toxicity profiling
Authors: Saleh Marwa A. , El‐Badry Mohamed A. , R. Ezz Eldin Rogy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases of bacteria and fungi have become a major risk to public health because of antibiotic and antifungal resistance. However, the availability of effective antibacterial and antifungal agents is becoming increasingly limited with growing resistance to existing drugs. In response to that, novel agents are critically needed to overcome such resistance. A new series of 6‐hydroxyquinolinone 3, 4, 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b bearing different side chains were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobials against numbers of bacteria and fungi, using inhibition zone technique. As one of these derivatives, compound 3 was identified as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent against all tested microorganisms with good minimum inhibitory concentration values comparable to reference drugs. Molecular docking studies were performed on antibacterial and antifungal targets; microbial DNA gyrase B of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 4URO); N‐myristoyltransferase of Candida albicans (PDB ID: 1IYK), respectively, to predict the most probable type of interaction at the active site of the target protein in addition to binding affinities and orientations of docked ligands. Additionally, in silico prediction in terms of detailed physicochemical ADME and toxicity profile relating drug‐likeness as well as medicinal chemistry friendliness was performed to all synthesized compounds. The results indicated that a novel 4,6‐dihydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (3) is likely to be a newly synthesized drug candidate, indicating low toxicity in addition to good in silico absorption. In order to pave the way for more logical production of such compounds, structure–activity and toxicity relationships are also discussed.
Vimentin affects colorectal cancer proliferation, invasion, and migration via regulated by activator protein 1
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhu Guangwei , Lin Chunlin , Lin Penghang , Chen Hui , He Ruofan , Huang Yongjian , Yang Shugang , Ye Jianxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUncontrolled recurrence and metastasis are important reasons for the high mortality rate of malignant tumors. Vimentin is positively correlated with the degree of malignancy of cancer cells. Vimentin is also highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and plays a critical role in the metastasis and prognosis of CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of vimentin in the progression of CRC is incompletely understood. Therefore, the most active regions (nucleotides: 785–1085 nt) of the vimentin promoter in CRC were identified using luciferase experiments. By transcription factor sequence search and mutation analysis, the activator protein 1 (AP‐1) binding site in the region of 785–1085 nt was confirmed. The vimentin promoter activity was enhanced by overexpression of AP‐1. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the binding site was recognized by AP‐1. By cell proliferation assay, colony‐forming assay, scratch‐wound assay, cell migration assay, and cell invasion assay, we demonstrated that the AP‐1 overexpression increased CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, when vimentin was knocked down by vimentin small hairpin RNA in the CRC cell of AP‐1 overexpression, this trend disappeared. Animal experiments and immunohistochemistry showed that AP‐1 promoted tumor growth by regulating the vimentin gene. In summary, AP‐1 affected metastasis, invasion of CRC cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo by activating the vimentin promoter. This study might provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the development of CRC and provide potential therapeutic targets for CRC.
Genome‐wide analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains circulating in Vietnam: Understanding the nature of the epidemic and role of the D614G mutation
Authors: Dao Manh H. , Phan Lan T. , Cao Thang M. , Luong Quang C. , Pham Hang T. T. , Vu Nhung H. P. , Khuu Nghia V. , Nguyen Thinh V. , Nguyen Long T. , Nguyen Hieu T. , Nguyen Anh H. , Huynh Loan Kim Thi , Huynh Thao P. , Nguyen Quan H. , Truong Hieu C. , Nguyen Hang Minh , Trinh Tung Xuan , Nguyen Dung T. , Nguyen Trieu B. , Do Hung T. , Pham Quang D. , Nguyen Thuong V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenome‐wide analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains is essential to better understand infectivity and virulence and to track coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and outbreaks. We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 27 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated between January 2020 and April 2020. A total of 54 mutations in different genomic regions was found. The D614G mutation, first detected in March 2020, was identified in 18 strains and was more likely associated with a lower cycle threshold (<25) in real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests than the original D614 (prevalence ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–6.38). The integration of sequencing and epidemiological data suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in both quarantine areas and in the community in Vietnam occur at the beginning of the epidemic although the country implemented strict quarantine quite early, with strict contact tracing, and testing. These findings provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, as well as shape strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in Vietnam.
Factors associated with hospital readmissions among patients with COVID‐19: A single‐center experience
Authors: Guarin Geneva , Lo Kevin Bryan , Bhargav Ruchika , Salacup Grace , Wattoo Ammaar , Coignet Jean‐Gabriel , DeJoy Robert , Azmaiparashvili Zurab , Patarroyo‐Aponte Gabriel , Eiger Glenn , Rangaswami Janani 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentify factors associated with readmission after an index hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in a single center serving an underserved and predominantly minority population. This retrospective descriptive study included 275 patients who tested COVID‐19 positive via reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay at our institution and who survived the index hospitalization. The main outcomes were 1‐ and 6‐month readmission rates after an index hospitalization for COVID‐19. The mortality rate among the readmitted patients was also determined. Factors independently associated with readmission were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. A final sample of 275 patients was included. The mean age was 64.69 ± 14.64 (SD), 133 (48%) were female and 194 (70%) were African American. Their chronic medical conditions included hypertension 203 (74%) and diabetes mellitus 121 (44%). After the hospitalization, 1‐month readmission rate was 7.6%, while 6‐month readmission rate was 24%. Nine percent of patients who were readmitted subsequently died. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was significantly associated with 6‐month readmission odds ratio (OR), 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.44; p = 0.039) after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Readmissions were due to cardiac, respiratory, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased readmission OR, 3.16 (95% CI: 1.01–9.88; p = 0.048). No significant difference was found between inflammatory markers or clinical outcomes during the index hospitalization among patients who were readmitted compared to those who were not. A significant number of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 may be readmitted. The presence of CAD is independently associated with high rates of 6‐month readmission.
The nature of the trend in global and hemispheric temperatures
Authors: Triacca Umberto , Pasini Antonello 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this note is to provide evidence about the existence or non‐existence of a stochastic trend in the global temperatures time series by using standard unit root tests. Three sets of data are considered in this paper: global, Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere monthly temperature anomalies. Our main finding is that there is not a stochastic trend in the temperatures time series and they are stationary around a deterministic trend.
Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients by sequential feeding: A pilot study
Authors: Yao Bo , Liu Jian‐yu , Cai Shi‐xia , Zhao Wan‐jun , Xing Jin‐yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSequential feeding (SF) is a new feeding mode for critically ill patients that involves a combination of continuous feeding (CF) in the beginning, rhythmic feeding in the second stage, and oral feeding in the last stage. In this study, we investigated the influence of SF on gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients.MethodsStool specimens from 20 patients (10 patients with the SF group, 10 patients with the CF group) were collected for full‐length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis.ResultsThe proportion of patients with low bacterial diversity (Shannon index < 4) in the SF group was much lower than that in the CF group, but there was no significant difference in the proportions (20% vs 50%, P = .350). The abundances of Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels), Pseudomonadaceae/Pseudomonas (at the family and genus levels), and Fusobacteria/Fusobacteriaceae/Fusobacteriales/Fusobacteria/Fusobacterium (at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels) were all higher in the SF group than in the CF group. Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels) were the most influential of these gut flora. Retinoic acid and leucine were upregulated in the SF group and were respectively responsible for the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production and the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the enriched pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database classification.ConclusionsSF could alter gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients. Because of the small sample size, further study is required.
r‐Maximal sets and Q1,N‐reducibility
Authors: Omanadze Roland Sh. , Chitaia Irakli O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show that if M is an r‐maximal set, A is a major subset of M, B is an arbitrary set and , then . We prove that the c.e. ‐degrees are not dense. We also show that there exist infinite collections of ‐degrees and such that the following hold: (i) for every i, j, , and ,(ii) each consists entirely of r‐maximal sets, and(iii) each consists entirely of non‐r‐maximal hyperhypersimple sets.
No advocacy without representation? Nonprofit representational mix and nonprofit advocacy
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Guo Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonprofit representation as a multidimensional notion is inherently interrelated with nonprofit advocacy. This multidimensional nature of representation, however, was largely overlooked in prior empirical literature that predominantly focused on the independent effect of individual representational dimensions on advocacy. This article addresses this limitation by identifying the “representational mixes”—combinations of multiple representational dimensions—that bring about specific outcomes of nonprofit advocacy. Drawing on data from nonprofit organizations in three provinces of China and applying a corresponding configurational approach of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the findings confirm three propositions, namely the conjunctural, equifinal, and asymmetric causation underneath the complex relationship between nonprofit representation and nonprofit advocacy. This study thus contributes a fresh configurational perspective to understanding nonprofit representation in relation to nonprofit advocacy.
Inter‐breeder differences in prepulse inhibition deficits of C57BL/6J mice in a maternal immune activation model
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaro , Inaba Hiroyoshi , Iwakura Yuriko , Namba Hisaaki , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Murata Yui , Iwamoto Kazuya , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors interact with each other to influence the risk of various psychiatric diseases; however, the intensity and nature of their interactions remain to be elucidated. We established a maternal infection model using polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) to determine the relationship between the maternal breeding environment and behavioral changes in the offspring. We purchased pregnant C57BL/6J mice from three breeders and administered Poly(I:C) (2 mg/kg) intravenously in their tail vein on gestation day 15. The offspring were raised to 8‐12 weeks old and subjected to the acoustic startle tests to compare their startle response intensity, prepulse inhibition levels, and degree of the adaptation of the startle response. No statistical interaction between Poly(I:C) administration and sex was observed for prepulse inhibition; thus, male and female mice were analyzed together. There was a statistical interaction between the breeder origin of offspring and prepulse inhibition; the Poly(I:C) challenge significantly decreased prepulse inhibition levels of the offspring born to the pregnant dams from Breeder A but not those from the other breeders. However, we failed to detect significant inter‐breeder differences in Poly(I:C) effects on startle response and on startle adaptation with the given number of mice examined. The rearing environment of mouse dams has a prominent effect on the Poly(I:C)‐induced prepulse inhibition deficits in this maternal immune activation model.
High resolution RNA‐seq profiling of genes encoding ribosomal proteins across different organs and developmental stages in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Jiancong , Lan Ting , Kong Wenwen , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Lin , Chen Xuemei , Mo Beixin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, each ribosomal protein (RP) is encoded by a small gene family consisting of two or more highly homologous paralogues, which results in ribosome heterogeneity. It is largely unknown that how genes from multiple member containing RP families are regulated at transcriptional level to accommodate the needs of different plant organs and developmental stages. In this study, we investigated the transcript accumulation profiles of RP genes and found that the expression levels of RP genes are varied dramatically in different organs and developmental stages. Although most RP genes are found to be ubiquitously transcribed, some are obviously transcribed with spatiotemporal specificity. The hierarchical clustering trees of transcript accumulation intensity of RP genes revealed that different organs and developmental stages have different population of RP gene transcripts. By interrogating of the expression fluctuation trend of RP genes, we found that in spite of the fact that most groups of paralogous RP genes are transcribed in concerted manners, some RPs gene have contrasting expression patterns. When transcripts of paralogous RP genes from the same family are considered together, the expression level of most RP genes are well‐matched but some are obviously higher or lower, therefore we speculate that some superfluous RPs may act outside the ribosome and a portion of ribosomes may lack one or even more RP(s). Altogether, our analysis results suggested that functional divergence may exist among heterogeneous ribosomes that resulted from different combination of RP paralogues, and substoichiometry of several RP gene families may lead to another layer of heterogeneous ribosomes which also have divergent functions in plants.
Simulation of Heat Flow Curves of NC‐Based Propellants – Part 2: Application to DPA Stabilized Propellants.
Authors: Itkis Daniel G. , Bohn Manfred A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeasuring of heat flow curves at temperatures near the in‐service range have become a standard for stability and compatibility assessments of nitrocellulose (NC)‐based energetic materials. The typical technique to realise this demand is heat flow microcalorimetry. The heat flow curves are the summarized effect of the rates of all the reaction heats in the mixture. The propellant composition has a significant influence on the shapes of the heat flow curves. To assess the stability on a firmer base, it is of interest to know what contributions to the total heat flow the individual reactions have from the NC decomposition and from the stabilizer reactions. This needs the simulation of the heat flow curves based on the individual reactions with their thermochemical data and their reaction rates. For this, the reaction enthalpies of all relevant reactions must be known. On these prerequisites was reported in part 1. With the data from there, the simulation of the heat flow curve of the ball powder propellant type K6210 was undertaken, using a reaction scheme for the nitrate ester decomposition and the DPA reactions. In principle, the here developed and applied procedure is usable for all types of NC‐based propellants and heat flow curves.
Sarcoidosis and neuroendocrine tumours: case report and literature review
Authors: Taha Muhanad , Samavati Lobelia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRare cases of co‐existing sarcoidosis and carcinoid tumour have been previously reported in the literature. Both diseases may have vague and overlapping clinical presentations that can lead to delayed or missed diagnosis. To avoid this diagnostic pitfall, we discuss and compare the clinical presentations of all reported cases in the literature including our case. We also provide hypothesis to explain the relationship between the two diseases.
A Primer on Qualitative Research Synthesis in TESOL
Authors: Chong Sin Wang , Plonsky Luke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSecondary research in the form of literature reviews facilitates consolidation and transfer of knowledge. In the field of TESOL, the majority of secondary research is conducted in the form of narrative reviews, which rely on the researchers' selection and interpretation of primary studies and findings. Systematic reviews, which can be broadly categorized into meta‐analysis (focusing on quantitative data) and qualitative research synthesis (focusing on qualitative data), are gaining popularity (see Plonsky, 2017) but are still less common. In particular, qualitative data collected from language classrooms, which are often criticized because of their lack of generalizability, are seldom synthesized in a systematic fashion. Against this backdrop, this article first attempts to make a case for conducting qualitative research synthesis in the field of TESOL. Second, this article provides a methodological framework and an example of how qualitative research synthesis can be conducted. The article closes with recommendations to promote qualitative research synthesis in the field of TESOL.
A multicenter comparison of [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau PET tracers to detect a common target ROI for differential diagnosis
Authors: Leuzy Antoine , Pascoal Tharick A. , Strandberg Olof , Insel Philip , Smith Ruben , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Benedet Andréa L. , Cho Hannah , Lyoo Chul H. , La Joie Renaud , Rabinovici Gil D. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Hansson Oskar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine whether comparable target regions of interest (ROIs) and cut-offs can be used across [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia vs either cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals or non-AD neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
A total of 1755 participants underwent tau PET using either [18F]flortaucipir (n = 975), [18F]RO948 (n = 493), or [18F]MK6240 (n = 287). SUVR values were calculated across four theory-driven ROIs and several tracer-specific data-driven (hierarchical clustering) regions of interest (ROIs). Diagnostic performance and cut-offs for ROIs were determined using receiver operating characteristic analyses and the Youden index, respectively.

Results
Comparable diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) was observed between theory- and data-driven ROIs. The theory-defined temporal meta-ROI generally performed very well for all three tracers (AUCs: 0.926–0.996). An SUVR value of approximately 1.35 was a common threshold when using this ROI.

Conclusion
The temporal meta-ROI can be used for differential diagnosis of dementia patients with [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]RO948, and [18F]MK6240 tau PET with high accuracy, and that using very similar cut-offs of around 1.35 SUVR. This ROI/SUVR cut-off can also be applied across tracers to define tau positivity.
Senescence and associated blood–brain barrier alterations in vitro
Authors: Salvador Ellaine , Burek Malgorzata , Löhr Mario , Nagai Michiaki , Hagemann Carsten , Förster Carola Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProgressive deterioration of the central nervous system (CNS) is commonly associated with aging. An important component of the neurovasculature is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), majorly made up of endothelial cells joined together by intercellular junctions. The relationship between senescence and changes in the BBB has not yet been thoroughly explored. Moreover, the lack of in vitro models for the study of the mechanisms involved in those changes impede further and more in-depth investigations in the field. For this reason, we herein present an in vitro model of the senescent BBB and an initial attempt to identify senescence-associated alterations within.