bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Wet Aggregate Stability and Texture Regulate Organic Carbon Stock in Alluvial Soils of East Champaran (Bihar)?
Authors: Kumari Vandana , Laik Ranjan , Nath Debabrata 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Here in this experiment, the investigation was done for the relationship among the various soil health parameters i.e., soil organic carbon (SOC), soil texture, and wet aggregate stability (WAS).
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Collection of soil samples were done from 0-15 cm depth from East Champaran is situated in Bihar and is located at 26038’N and 84054’E in the year 2019-2020.
Methodology: Soil texture: 14g (+/- 0.1g) of sieved soil was added to a 50 ml centrifuge tube holding 42 ml of a dispersant 3% sodium hexametaphosphate solution follwed by 2 hr shaking and 0.053 mm sieved. Water stable aggregates: Each 0.25-mm sieve contained 4g of air-dried, 2-mm aggregate soil. Each sample's precise weight was recorded. The soil samples were dispersed for 3 minutes with 100 mL distilled water and then for 10 minutes with a 2 g/L sodium hexametaphosphate solution. Pre-weighed filter sheets were used to filter both solutions. Each filter paper was weighed after being oven-dried at 105°C.
Soil organic carbon: The amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) was calculated using the Walkley and Black technique (1934).
Results: Wet aggregate stability and soil organic carbon storage were shown to have a strong positive connection. Soil carbon stock in soils of East Champaran varied between 5.27-19.60 Mg ha-1 with an average of 12.98 Mg ha-1. WAS ranged from 3.82 to 36.43% with a mean of 16.11%. The results revealed that WAS increased with increase in SOC stock. This experiment also revealed that clay (%) and silt (%) directly affect WAS and hence enhance SOC storage.
Conclusion: So, it can be concluded that WAS and soil texture directly and positively impact SOC storage in soils of East Champaran, Bihar.
Screening of Pearl Millet Genotypes for High Temperature and Drought Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characters
Authors: Meena R. C. , Ram Moola , Ambawat Supriya , Satyavathi C. Tara , Khandelwal Vikash , Bala Meena Raj , Kumar Manoj , Bishno J. P. , Mungra K. D. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Screening of pearl millet genotypes lines for high temperature and drought tolerance.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Mandor during summer 2017-18.
Methodology: Fifteen genotypes (J-2290, J-2340, J-2479, J-2500, J-2503, J-2507, J-2517, J-2534, JMSB-9904, JMSB-101, JMSB-20064, JMSB-20102, JMSB-20071, JMSB-20082 and JMSB-20091) of pearl millet received from Main Pearl millet Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Jamnagar were evaluated during summer season of 2017-18 at research Farm of ACIRP on pearl millet, Mandor, Agricultural University, Jodhpur under terminal moisture stress and irrigated conditions in two sets of randomized block design with three replications. Grain yield, stover yield, Relative Water Content (RWC), harvest index, threshing percentage and chlorophyll content were recorded.
Results: The suitability of the genotypes was judged in terms of grain yield, stover yield, RWC, harvest index, threshing percentage and chlorophyll content. The results showed that due to the terminal stress, the mean performance of all yield attributing characters including grain yield and chlorophyll, RWC and seed setting was reduced. The inbreds J-2479, J-2503 and J-2507 were high yielders due to high seed setting percentage under terminal stress conditions.
Conclusion: The lines viz., J-2479, J-2503 and J-2507 can be used for further breeding programme to develop varieties suitable under high temperature and low moisture conditions.
Aframomum melegueta [Roscoe] K. Schum) Ethanolic Seed Extract against Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Isolates from Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Osuntokun O. T. , Balogun J. O. , Akele E. O. , Adedayo S. A. , Bello O. A. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research work is to compare the activity of medicinal plant(Aframomum melegueta) and conventional antibiotic against Asymptomatic Bacteriuria isolates from pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in a major primary health center in Akoko, south ,Ondo state Nigeria. The target Asymptomatic Bacteriuria isolates which is inherent in pregnant women with no observable features. The rate of growth/ death of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Isolates were x-rayed. Bacteria were isolated from Urine of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Public health care Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria and were identified using conventional method. The antibiotic susceptibility test and antimicrobial screening of ethanol seed extract of Aframomum melegueta were determined using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. The eleven(11) bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (three,3), Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis(Two,2),Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae (Two,2), Escherichia coli (three,3), Bacillus cereus, Serratia mercesiens, Enterobacter aerogens. E. coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common isolates. The second most common isotales was Enterobacter cloacae.. Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to Ampicillin, Ceporex, Nalixadic acid and Septrin. E. coli, the most common isolate was sensitive to Gentamycin and most of the antibiotics used. The antimicrobial screening of ethanol seed extract of Aframomum melegueta shows zones of inhibition with diameter ranging from 1-25mm. Secondary metabolite screening indicates the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer was also used to determine the Growth dynamic /Death rate of the isolates, the addition of antibiotics to the organism at the 48th hour speed up the death rate of the isolates, the addition of ethanol seed extract at the 48th hour also speed up the death rate of the isolates from the urine samples. The results of this study validate the use of Aframomum melegueta seed in the traditional treatment of Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women.
Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five Years in FCT Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Balarabe-Musa B. , Dabo N. T. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death among children, and Nigeria has the continent's highest mortality with little information on the specific cause, proportion affected by Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus, and the prevalent genotypes for Rotavirus.
Aim: To identify children with diarrhoea, in Abuja in the Federal Capital Territory; to estimate the proportion of children with Cryptosporidium and rotavirus diarrhoea.
Study Design: One-year cross-sectional study of children under five years with acute diarrhea.
Duration: The study was conducted in Abuja from June 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus ELISA were done with commercially available kits.
Results: Stool samples were collected from 1450 participants, of whom 1185 (81.7%) were ambulatory, 109 (7.5%) were hospitalized, and 156 (10.7%) were controls without diarrhoea. Cryptosporidium-ELISA was positive among 274 (21.1%) children with diarrhoea and 23 (1.7%) of children without diarrhoea, with August and September as peak months for infection. Rotavirus-ELISA was positive among 231 (17.8%) children with diarrhoea and 29 (2.2%) controls, with November, December, and January as peak months. Children of 12 to 17 months were most affected for both and Rotavirus (39.8%) and Cryptosporidium (37.2%).
Conclusion: Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus are essential pathogens in children, especially among Rotavirus unvaccinated children in Abuja. Local and national infrastructure is inadequate for essential surveillance of diarrhoeal disease, and this will have to be improved, together with access to virological and parasitic stool testing, to monitor the planned vaccine program, especially for Rotavirus.
Anti-Leishmanial Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate in Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Mini-review
Authors: A. M. Salih Tagwa , A. Yousef Bashir 
Published: October 2021

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic infection caused by various Leishmania species, with a specific predisposition of each species into a particular geographical area. Cutaneous lesions can either be a single, limited skin lesion or multiple, large, locally destructions skin lesions. Several therapies are proposed for CL, but severe side effects, high costs, and incomplete efficacy make researchers find replaceable therapies. Since the usage of zinc sulfate as a therapeutic agent has a long history in treating of various dermatological diseases, Zinc plays an essential role in the development and function of innate immunity cells (neutrophils and natural killer cells), which play significant roles in killing parasites. It also has a significant inhibitory effect on key enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism and virulence of L. major and L.tropica. Therefore, its use as an oral therapy for CL might represent a significant addition to the armamentarium of anti-leishmanial medications. This review summarizes and discusses previous and recent findings regarding the therapeutic roles of oral zinc sulfate in cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy.
Quantitative Measurement of Enteric Bacteria Load From Public Surfaces in Restaurants in Nnewi-Town
Authors: Maureen Obi Chioma , Patrick Amakor Onyekachi , Onyema Oshim Ifeanyi , Ugochinyere Okeke Monique , Ogochukwu Ochiabuto Barbara 
Published: October 2021

Background: Bio-contamination of surfaces of various items and equipment used by the public is the main cause of disease epidemic. Most outbreaks of infection associated with inanimate objects are caused by items that should be sterile but have been contaminated and are generally known as fomites.
Objective: This study is to evaluate the presence of enteric bacteria from different public surfaces in restaurants in Nnewi town.
Methodology: Selected public surfaces in eight (8) randomly selected restaurants were analyzed for the presence of enteric bacteria via culture and biochemical tests following a standard criterion. The sample sites included; tables, chairs, counters, sinks and walls. Also, Disc susceptibility test were carried out on the isolates using conventional antibiotics.
Results: Eighty-eight (88) bacteria isolates were isolated and identified, and S. aureus showed the highest prevlence 29(33%), followed by E. coli 15(17%), Proteus spp 13(15%), Klebsiella spp 12(14%), Pseudomonas spp 10(11%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci 9(10%). Tables and sinks were the most contaminated fomites each constituting of 19(22%) of the total bacteria isolated in this study. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp and Staphylococcus aureus, were the most resistant isolates to the antibiotics, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most sensitive isolate. Out of the ten antibiotics tested ceporex was found to be the least effective with about 100% resistance by the isolates while ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics with 0% resistance by the bacteria isolates.
Conclusion: the study has shown that public surfaces in restaurant can easily be contaminated with a variety of bacterial contaminants that may be multi-drug resistant bacteria strains posing as a possible public health issue.
Relationship between Age, Gender, Mobile Phone Usage and some Cognitive Functions among the Nigerian Students
Authors: K. David Lekpa , S. Hart Josiah 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Advanced mobile technology especially mobile phones provide useful and convenient means for individuals to communicate and access the internet anytime and anywhere. However, electromagnetic field (EMF) energy from the mobile phones has been mentioned to hamper neuronal activity and cognitive function in humans.
Aim: This research was therefore undertaken to determine the relationship between age, gender, mobile phone usage and some cognitive functions among the Nigerian students.
Methodology: This study used datafrom500 students randomly selected from populations in University of Port-Harcourt. Different ages specified by the respondents through structural.
Questionnaires were used. Data obtained from the retrieved questionnaire were analyzed using multiple STATGRAPHICS for the descriptive statistics. While SPSS (IBM Amos V21.0.0, USA) was used for the inferential statistics.
Results: The results revealed that, there was no significant association between age and smartphone ownership (P>0.05). However, for gender, there were significant distributional differences in males (38.5%) and females (29.4%) (P=0.022), as well as stress caused by phone usage (males=76.8%; females=89.7). Correlations of cognitive function variables revealed significant relationship between all the cognitive functional variables.
Conclusion: Distraction was found to have a significant relationship with stress (P=0.033). Therefore attachment to use of smart phone among youths should be advisably minimized.
Study on RCA and HFMEA in Patient Safety with Measurable Outcomes: A Case Scenario
Authors: Roopashree M. R. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Safety concerns of outborn neonatal infant babies during transportation to the NICU had been a concern. Better team coordination and improvement in the technical competency of the care providers helped implement the ambulance policy.
Methods: With the background of the Donabedian model and Juran's Trilogy concepts, process improvisation was performed. The RCA (Root Cause Analysis) and HFMEA (Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) as tools were used for better deliverables.
Results: The measurable outcomes in terms of time taken for departure before and after were compared, which showed considerable significance. By measuring the baby temperatures, a significant difference was seen in clinical aspects.
Discussion: Lack of infrastructure, equipment for neonatal transportation was a challenge that required prioritization of budget allocation. The procurement policy of equipment had to be relooked for user-friendly strategies. Lack of trained staff and doctors, which were major issues, required an intense training and development module. The challenges of hypothermia, ventilation issues during transportation of neonates were of major concern, were tackled using quality tools.
Application: To minimize the mortality and morbidity of neonates, infants by Specialized Pediatric Critical Care Transport (SPCCT) ambulance policy was implemented. The value addition was to minimize the risks and prevention of hazards.
Conclusion: Improvement in the Technical competency of nurses and caregivers was observed. Nurses were well exposed to handling transporting sick babies. Logistics, equipment handling was performed properly. With better team coordination, the babies were safe. The trust and confidence among the members of the community at large improved. The patient footfall increased in numbers.
Aconitum heterophyllum-An Overview
Authors: Balaramnavar Vishal M. , Kaur Manjeet , Ahuja Anil 
Published: October 2021

Aconitum heterophyllum also known as aruna, family Ranunculaceae is used in ayurvedic formulations for the treatment of diarrhoea, hepatic issues etc. The phytochemicals in this plant consists of alkaloids, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, amino acids, quinones, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, etc. In the present paper, not only are the various therapeutic properties of this plant has been discussed but the profiling of its toxicological studies done on rats have also been elaborated upon. Unlike other species of Aconitum, Aconitum heterophyllum has shown beneficial activity on a rat model of toxicity. Firstly, the ethanolic extract of the plant was evaluated for its oral toxicity but it came out be safe. The ethanolic extract of the plant reversed the activity of castor oil. Moreover, this plant has shown good anti-bacterial activity. After summing up of all the pharmaceutical features of this plant, it could turn out to be valuable source of knowledge for the academia, practioners of traditional medicines & for the pharma industry.
Mycoflora of Crude Oil Polluted Soils of Ukwa West of Abia State Nigeria
Authors: Madu J. M. , Ogbonna A. I. , Ogbonna C. I. C. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: Bioremediation of soil play a critical role in removing pollutants from crude oil polluted soil. To investigate the mycoflora of crude oil polluted area of Ukwa West Local Government in the present Abia State.
Methodology: Portions of the soil samples collected from three (3) locations were plated out separately on Yeast Starch Agar, Starch Agar, and Cellulose Agar using soil plate methods. The culture plates were examined after 5-7 and 14 days for the presence of fungi. Pure cultures of the isolates were obtained by subculturing and the physico-chemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods.
Results: Twenty species (20) of fungi were isolated from the crude oil polluted soil sample and represented by their respective genera. Eight (8) species of Aspergillus representing 40%, two (2) species of Thermomyces representing 10% each, and one (1) species of Penicillium, Cladosporium, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Trichoderma, Scopulariopsis, Sporotrichum and Basipetospora representing 5% each. Aspergillus species were predominant which include among others A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. oryzae, A. terreus. The physico-chemical properties of the soil sample were found to be varied and have affected the distribution and population of fungi. The pH values ranged from 4.81- 5.58 as compared to the control ranging from 5.72- 6.50 for soil samples A, B and C. The moisture content values ranged between 26.46-29.59% as compared to the control ranging from 29.41-32.51%. The soil was found to be high in organic matter content with values of 70.3-82.7% as compared to the control which was 94% for each of the locations.
Conclusion: Crude oil polluted soils of Ukwa West of Abia State, Nigeria is rich in fungal biodiversity with the soil’s samples having different physico-chemical properties.
High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil
Authors: Zamana Roberta Ramblas , Gattamorta Marco Aurélio , Cruz Ochoa Pablo Felipe , Navas-Suárez Pedro Enrique , Sacristán Carlos , Rossi Silmara , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Silva Isabela Santos , Matushima Eliana Reiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been consistently associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles globally. The DNA of ChHV5 has been detected in cutaneous and noncutaneous tissues (e.g., lung) of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas with (FP+) and without (FP−) clinical signs of FP, indicating a persistent ChHV5 infection. Previously published and custom primer pairs were used to amplify the fragments of ChHV5 unique long (UL) partial genes (UL30 and UL18) through end-point PCR from cutaneous tumors (n = 31), nontumored skin (n = 49), and lungs (n = 26) from FP+ (n = 31) and FP− (n = 18) green sea turtles. The DNA of ChHV5 was detected in cutaneous tumors (80.6%, 25/31), nontumored skin (74.2%, 23/31 FP+; 27.8%, 5/18 FP−), and lung samples (91.7%, 11/12 FP+; 100%, 14/14 FP−). The high occurrence of ChHV5 observed in lung samples from FP− individuals was unexpected (14/14), providing the first evidence of ChHV5 DNA presence in lungs of individuals without FP. Our results also revealed high ChHV5 occurrence among the tested cohort (93.9%, 46/49) and suggested that a large proportion (83.4%, 15/18) of FP− green sea turtles had subclinical ChHV5 infections. Hence, our findings support the hypothesis that ChHV5 requires one or more possibly environmental or immune-related co-factors to induce FP.
Multidimensional‐Encryption in Emissive Liquid Crystal Elastomers through Synergistic Usage of Photorewritable Fluorescent Patterning and Reconfigurable 3D Shaping
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Tian Meng , He Yanrong , Yi Huijie , Guo Jinbao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvanced encryption/decryption strategies are of great significance for information protection and data security. It is highly desirable yet quite challenging to develop functional materials for encrypting/decrypting information more effectively. Herein, a novel emissive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) for multidimensional and multistage encryption is proposed for the first time, through synergistic utilization of phototunable fluorescence and the photoprogrammable shape. The fluorescent LCE is fabricated by incorporating an aggregation‐induced‐emission α‐cyanodiarylethene‐based hydrogen‐bonded complex and azobenzene derivative into the LCE networks through covalent bonding. Because of the photoisomerization of both these two photosensitive derivatives under the same exciting light, the consequent LCE films exhibit photoinduced reversible fluorescence changes and shape deformations that are suitable for data storage and encryption. On this basis, the collaborative usage of photolithography‐based 2D fluorescent images and photoprogramming 3D shape configurations can lead to multidimensional and multistage encryption. Moreover, this encryption strategy is reprogrammable, allowing for repeatable encoding and decrypting. The results demonstrated here reveal that the reversible phototunable fluorescent LCE materials exhibit promising applications in data storage and encryption.
A Spheroid Model of Early and Late‐Stage Osteosarcoma Mimicking the Divergent Relationship between Tumor Elimination and Bone Regeneration
Authors: Freeman Fiona E. , Burdis Ross , Mahon Olwyn R. , Kelly Daniel J. , Artzi Natalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most diagnosed bone tumor in children. The use of tissue engineering strategies after malignant tumor resection remains a subject of scientific controversy. As a result, there is limited research that focuses on bone regeneration postresection, which is further compromised following chemotherapy. This study aims to develop the first co‐culture spheroid model for osteosarcoma, to understand the divergent relationship between tumor elimination and bone regeneration. By manipulating the ratio of stromal to osteosarcoma cells the modelled cancer state (early/late) is modified, as is evident by the increased tumor growth rates and an upregulation of a panel of well‐established osteosarcoma prognostic genes. Validation of the authors' model is conducted by analyzing its ability to mimic the cytotoxic effects of the FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin. Next, the model is used to investigate what effect osteogenic supplements have, if any, on tumor growth. When their model is treated with osteogenic supplements, there is a stimulatory effect on the surrounding stromal cells. However, when treated with chemotherapeutics this stimulatory effect is significantly diminished. Together, the results of this study present a novel multicellular model of osteosarcoma and provide a unique platform for screening potential therapeutic options for osteosarcoma before conducting in vivo experiments.