bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Effects of Genetically Predicted Iron Status on Sepsis: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hu Yuanlong , Cheng Xiaomeng , Mao Huaiyu , Chen Xianhai , Cui Yue , Qiu Zhanjun 
Published: November 2021

Background/Aim: Several observational studies showed a significant association between elevated iron status biomarkers levels and sepsis with the unclear direction of causality. A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to identify the causal direction between seven iron status traits and sepsis.Methods: Seven iron status traits were studied, including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, transferrin, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and reticulocyte count. MR analysis was first performed to estimate the causal effect of iron status on the risk of sepsis and then performed in the opposite direction. The multiplicative random-effects and fixed-effects inverse-variance weighted, weighted median-based method and MR-Egger were applied. MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and Cochran's Q statistic methods were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.Results: Genetically predicted high levels of serum iron (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.13–1.29, p = 3.16 × 10−4), ferritin (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.07–1.62, p =0.009) and transferrin saturation (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.06–1.23, p = 5.43 × 10−4) were associated with an increased risk of sepsis. No significant causal relationships between sepsis and other four iron status biomarkers were observed.Conclusions: This present bidirectional MR analysis suggested the causal association of the high iron status with sepsis susceptibility, while the reverse causality hypothesis did not hold. The levels of transferrin, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and reticulocytes were not significantly associated with sepsis. Further studies will be required to confirm the potential clinical value of such a prevention and treatment strategy.
Prostate Health Index Density Outperforms Prostate Health Index in Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Chiu Shih-Ting , Cheng Yung-Ting , Pu Yeong-Shiau , Lu Yu-Chuan , Hong Jian-Hua , Chung Shiu-Dong , Chiang Chih-Hung , Huang Chao-Yuan 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is considered neither sensitive nor specific for prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to compare total PSA (tPSA), percentage of free PSA (%fPSA), the PSA density (PSAD), Prostate Health Index (PHI), and the PHI density (PHID) to see which one could best predict clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa): a potentially lethal disease.MethodsA total of 412 men with PSA of 2–20 ng/mL were prospectively included. Serum biomarkers for PCa was collected before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. PHI was calculated by the formula: (p2PSA/fPSA) x √tPSA. PHID was calculated as PHI divided by prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasound.ResultsOf the 412 men, 134 (32.5%) and 94(22.8%) were diagnosed with PCa and csPCa, respectively. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analyses (DCA) to compare the performance of PSA related parameters, PHI and PHID in diagnosing csPCa. AUC for tPSA, %fPSA, %p2PSA, PSAD, PHI and PHID were 0.56、0.63、0.76、0.74、0.77 and 0.82 respectively for csPCa detection. In the univariate analysis, the prostate volume, tPSA, %fPSA, %p2PSA, PHI, PSAD, and PHID were all significantly associated with csPCa, and PHID was the most important predictor (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15–1.72). Besides, The AUC of PHID was significantly larger than PHI in csPCa diagnosis (p=0.004). At 90% sensitivity, PHID had the highest specificity (54.1%) for csPCa and could reduce the most unnecessary biopsies (43.7%) and miss the fewest csPCa (8.5%) when PHID ≥ 0.67. In addition to AUC, DCA re-confirmed the clinical benefit of PHID over all PSA-related parameters and PHI in csPCa diagnosis. The PHID cut-off value was positively correlated with the csPCa ratio in the PHID risk table, which is useful for evaluating csPCa risk in a clinical setting.ConclusionThe PHID is an excellent predictor of csPCa. The PHID risk table may be used in standard clinical practice to pre-select men at the highest risk of harboring csPCa.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Raczkowska Beata A. , Mojsak Patrycja , Rojo David , Telejko Beata , Paczkowska–Abdulsalam Magdalena , Hryniewicka Justyna , Zielinska–Maciulewska Anna , Szelachowska Malgorzata , Gorska Maria , Barbas Coral , Kretowski Adam , Ciborowski Michal 
Published: November 2021

Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM. In comparison to measurement of FPG, OGTT is time-consuming, usually inconvenient for the patient, and very often needs to be repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to seek tests that will be helpful and convenient to diagnose GDM. For this reason, we investigated the differences in fasting serum metabolites between GDM women with abnGM and normal FPG (aGT-GDM group), with aFPG and normal glucose metabolism (aFPG-GDM group) as well as pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) being a control group. Serum metabolites were measured by an untargeted approach using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In the discovery phase, fasting serum samples collected from 79 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 24; aGT-GDM, n = 26; NGT, n = 29) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (gwk) were fingerprinted. A set of metabolites (α–hydroxybutyric acid (α–HB), β–hydroxybutyric acid (β–HB), and several fatty acids) significant in aGT-GDM vs NGT but not significant in aFPG-GDM vs NGT comparison in the discovery phase was selected for validation. These metabolites were quantified by a targeted GC–MS method in a validation cohort consisted of 163 pregnant women (aFPG-GDM, n = 51; aGT-GDM, n = 44; and NGT, n = 68). Targeted analyses were also performed on the serum collected from 92 healthy women in the first trimester (8–14 gwk) who were NGT at this time, but in the second trimester (24–28 gwk) they were diagnosed with GDM. It was found that α–HB, β–HB, and several fatty acids were associated with aGT-GDM. A combination of α–HB, β–HB, and myristic acid was found highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of GDM manifested by aGT-GDM (AUC = 0.828) or to select women at a risk of aGT-GDM in the first trimester (AUC = 0.791). Our findings provide new potential markers of GDM and may have implications for its early diagnosis.
Budget Impact Analysis of Diabetes Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Luo Zejun , Ruan Zhen , Yao Dongning , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Lai Yunfeng , Hu Hao 
Published: November 2021

Background: Budget impact analysis (BIA) is an economic assessment that estimates the financial consequences of adopting a new intervention. BIA is used to make informed reimbursement decisions, as a supplement to cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs).Objectives: We systematically reviewed BIA studies associated with anti-diabetic drugs and assessed the extent to which international BIA guidelines were followed in these studies.Methods: We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Econlit, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data knowledge Service platform from database inception to June 30, 2021. ISPOR good practice guidelines were used as a methodological standard for assessing BIAs. We extracted and compared the study characteristics outlined by the ISPOR BIA Task Force to evaluate the guideline compliance of the included BIA.Results: A total of eighteen studies on the BIA for anti-diabetic drugs were identified. More than half studies were from developed countries. Seventeen studies were based on model and one study was based on real-world data. Overall, analysis considered a payer perspective, reported potential budget impacts over 1–5 years. Assumptions were mainly made about target population size, market share uptake of new interventions, and scope of cost. The data used for analysis varied among studies and was rarely justified. Model validation and sensitivity analysis were lacking in the current BIA studies. Rebate analysis was conducted in a few studies to explore the price discount that was required for new interventions to demonstrate cost equivalence to comparators.Conclusion: Existing studies evaluating budget impact for anti-diabetic drugs vary greatly in methodology, some of which showed low compliance to good practice guidelines. In order for the BIA to be useful for assisting in health plan decision-making, it is important for future studies to optimize compliance to national or ISPOR good practice guidelines on BIA. Model validation and sensitivity analysis should also be improved in future BIA studies. Continued improvement of BIA using real-world data is necessary to ensure high-quality analyses and to provide reliable results.
Cause Analysis and Diagnosis and Treatment of Intestinal Fistulas After Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation of Abdominopelvic Lesions
Authors: Tan Shuilian , Yu Xiaoling , Cheng Zhigang , Zhang Jing , Yu Jie , Liu Fangyi , Gao Yuanjin , Linghu Runze , Han Zhiyu , Liang Ping 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the cause and high-risk factors for the development of intestinal fistulas (IFs) after ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MA) of abdominopelvic lesions, and to identify effective prophylactic and therapeutic actions.Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients with an IF after ultrasound-guided MA of abdominopelvic lesions in our hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. The cause, diagnosis, and treatment of IFs in these patients were analyzed.Results: Among 8,969 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided MA of abdominopelvic lesions, eight patients developed IF after MA, Seven patients were discharged after being cured and one died.Conclusion: Abdominopelvic lesions are close to the intestines, so histories of surgery, radiotherapy, and abdominopelvic infection are high-risk factors for IF development after MA of these lesions. Surgical treatment should be provided as soon as an IF is identified.
Quantitative Relationships between the Tidal Current Limit, Tidal Level Limit and River Discharge in the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Hou Chengcheng , Zhu Jianrong , Huang Ju , Cheng Xinyue 
Published: November 2021

Estuaries are areas where runoff and tide interact. Tidal waves propagate upstream from river mouths and produce tidal currents and tidal level variations along rivers. Based on the hydrological frequency analysis of river discharge in the dry season and flood season at the Datong hydrological station over the past 70 years, a three-dimensional estuary numerical model was used to produce the quantitative relationships between the tidal current limit, tidal level limit and river discharge in the Changjiang River estuary. The positions of tidal current limit and tidal level limit depend not only on river discharge but also on river topography. When river discharge varies from a hydrological frequency of 95% to 5%, the relationship between the tidal current limit and river discharge is y=2×10−13x3+3 × 10−8x2− 0.0074x+359.35 in the flood season, with a variation range of 90 km, and y=−4×10−10x3−1 × 10−5x2−0.1937x − 1232.9 in the dry season, with a variation range of 200 km. The relationship between the tidal level limit and river discharge is y=6×10−8x2−0.0096x+775.94 in the flood season, with a variation range of 127 km, and y=0.3428x2−17.9x+777.55 in the dry season, with a variation range of 83 km, which is located far upstream of the Datong hydrological station.
DETERMINATION OF CRACK RESISTANCE OF PRESTRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS OF TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION
Authors: Nikulina Y. 
Published: November 2021

Beams of a trapezoidal cross-section with a wide upper edge with prestressed reinforcement combine positive qualities in terms of strength, crack resistance, deformability and resource saving, which allows them to cover significant spans of multi-storey buildings.
To develop a method for calculating the moment of cracking in these structures, a nonlinear deformation model was adopted, which includes equilibrium equations, conditions for the linear distribution of relative deformations along the height of the element section, and refined deformation diagrams of concrete and reinforcement. Concrete state diagrams are assumed to be nonlinear without a falling branch. To describe the deformation diagrams of high-strength and conventional reinforcement, a universal dependence is adopted, consisting of one linear and two nonlinear equations, in which the calculation of individual parameters is performed using different formulas. For the initial stage of the crack formation process, a design scheme is presented, in accordance with which the necessary equations and ratios are drawn up in relation to the considered prestressed reinforced concrete beam of a trapezoidal cross-section.
The purpose of the study, in addition to developing a calculation methodology, was also the development of an algorithm and a computer calculation program. To obtain and analyze the results, a numerical experiment was carried out, the results of which are presented in tabular form. Due to the fact that the calculation method was built without involving empirical dependencies, the possibility of its application to determine the crack resistance of prestressed reinforced concrete beams of trapezoidal cross-section for any class of concrete and reinforcement was confirmed.
Echoing the Call for Multimodal Representation
Authors: Renner Michael 
Published: November 2021

The editor’s introduction to the Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 32, Issue 2, from fall 2016 emphasizes the necessity of anthropology to engage in multimodal methodologies of research and research communication.
An expanded view of visual anthropology, and its methodological and analytical contributions to current debates, recognizes and builds on the field’s commitment to a reflexive awareness of the social relationships at stake in the process of making images and an engagement with the politics of representation. It also encompasses an active approach toward learning to see how others see, how technologies of imaging picture the world, and a serious consideration of the technical capacities necessary for communicating ethnographic knowledge through visual composition, editing, and design. (Chio & Cox, 2016, pp. 101–102)
The claim that the reflection on images has been neglected compared to the reflection on language, echoing in the introduction of Chio and Cox (216), has been made in the context of the iconic turn in the mid-1990s. In reference to the linguistic turn in philosophy coined by Richard Rorty (1967) in philosophy, art historian Gottfried Boehm (1994, pp. 11–38) described the iconic turn, and Thomas W. Mitchell (1995, pp. 11–34) used the term pictorial turn, observing a significant shift toward communication by images. Both recognized the increasing power of images in society through the digital means of communication, which enables everyone to easily create and disseminate images. Both were aware of the lack of reflection on the meaning of images in Western thought.
IMPROVED MIN-SUM DECODING ALGORITHM FOR IRREGULAR LDPC CODES
Authors: Башкиров А.В. , Свиридова И.В. , Ижокина Т.Д. , Зубкова Е.А. , Свиридова О.В. , Васильченко Д.В. 
Published: November 2021

Aналитический подход к определению оптимальной функции постобработки для минимальной операции в алгоритме MIN-SUM, ранее полученный для обычных кодов проверки на четность с низкой плотностью (LDPC-коды), распространяется на нерегулярные коды LDPC. Оптимальное выражение постобработки для нестандартного случая варьируется от одного контрольного узла к другому, а также от одной итерации к следующей. Для практического использования необходимо аппроксимировать эту оптимальную функцию. В отличие от обычного случая, когда можно было бы использовать уникальную функцию постобработки на протяжении всего процесса декодирования без потери производительности битовых ошибок, для нерегулярных кодов критически важно варьировать постобработку от одной итерации к следующей, чтобы добиться хорошей производительности. С использованием этого подхода было выявлено, что качество битовых ошибок от алгоритма распространения доверия соответствует улучшению на 1 дБ по сравнению с MIN-SUM алгоритмом без постобработки. Сначала будет представлен обзор подхода и представлена аналитическая основа для оптимальной постобработки. Далее будет представлена оптимальная функция постобработки для нерегулярных кодов и обсуждены возможные упрощения. И наконец, показаны результаты моделирования и преимущества аппроксимации
We extended an analytical approach to determining the optimal post-processing function for the minimum operation in the MIN-SUM algorithm, previously obtained for conventional low density parity check codes (LDPC codes), to irregular LDPC codes. The optimal post-processing expression for the non-standard case varies from one control node to another, as well as from one iteration to the next. For practical use, it is necessary to approximate this optimal function. Unlike the usual case where one could use a unique post-processing function throughout the entire decoding process without sacrificing bit code performance, it is critical for irregular codes to distinguish post-processing from one iteration to the next in order to achieve good performance. Using this approach, we found that the quality of bit errors from the trust algorithm corresponds to an improvement of 1 level compared to the MIN-SUM algorithm without post-processing. First, we provide an overview and analytical framework for optimal post-processing. Then, we present the optimal post-processing function for irregular codes and discuss possible simplifications. Finally, we show the simulation results and the benefits of the approximation
Karakteristik Fisik dan Sensoris Bumbu Burgo Instan Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dengan Perbedaan Suhu dan Waktu Pengeringan
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Lestari Shanti Dwita , Widiastuti Indah , Anindia Chessy , Anindia Chessy , Anindia Chessy 
Published: November 2021

Burgo merupakan salah satu menu makanan dengan bahanbdasar tepungktapioka danktepung beras kemudian dibentuk dengan cara digulung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perlakuan suhu dan waktu pengovenan terbaik pada pembuatan bumbu kaldu burgo instan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 faktor. Faktor I suhu pengeringan terdiri dari 3 level (60?, 80?, dan 100?) dan faktor II lama pengeringan terdiri dari 3 level (6 jam, 9 jam, 12 jam). Parameter pengamatan meliputi warna, total padatan terlarut dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian dengan perlakuan waktu dan suhu menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan terhadap nilai total padatan terlarut. Total padatan terlarut yang diperoleh mengalami peningkatan, sejalan dengan bertambahnya waktu dan suhu pengovenan dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu dan suhu pengovenan. Berdasarkan tabel hasil pengamatan jumlah tanggapan yang benar untuk warna, rasa, aroma, dan kenampakkan adalah 18, 18, 18, dan 19. Sedangkan berdasarkan tabel binomial diperoleh minimum tanggapan yang benar pada taraf 5% adalah 18, sehingga sampel yang tidak berbeda nyata pada warna (suhu 80? selama 12 jam), rasa (suhu 80? selama 9 jam), aroma, dan kenampakan (suhu 100? selama 6 jam). Hasil penelitian terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan yang menggunakan suhu 80? selama 12 jam dengan rerata total padatan terlarut 42,35 mg/L, dan hasil organoleptik mendekati sampel burgo pasaran pada warna (kekuningan) dan aroma
DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS
Authors: Макеев Владимир Александрович , Ковалева Наталья Алексеевна 
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены составляющие результатов освоения образовательной программы. Предложена аналитическая модель и осуществлен количественный анализ влияния факторов на результаты обучения дисциплине. Сделан вывод о необходимости повышения количественных и качественных показателей образовательной деятельности путем принятия соответствующих мер.
The components of the results of mastering the educational program are considered. An analytical model is proposed and a quantitative analysis of the influence of factors on the results of teaching the discipline is carried out. It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the quantitative and qualitative indicators of educational activity by taking appropriate measures.
SOME PROBLEMS OF CHINESE PROFESSIONAL PIANO EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF ALL 3 CATEGORIES OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Чэнь Янань 
Published: November 2021

В статье с целью выявления комплекса проблем, ограничивающих дальнейшее развитие китайского пианизма, предложен анализ китайских музыкальных вузов, готовящих профессиональных пианистов. Делается вывод о наличии общих для всех 3-х категорий вузов проблем, не смотря на различие целей и средств обучения будущих специалистов.
In order to find a set of problems limiting the further development of Chinese pianism, the article offers an analysis of Chinese music universities that train professional pianists. It is concluded that there are problems common to all 3 categories of universities, despite the difference in goals and means of training future specialists.
FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF PERSONS SUFFERING DISEASE CAUSED BY ACTION OF CORONAVIRAL INFECTION OF NEW TYPE (COVID-19) AND WAYS OF CORRECTION OF DETECTED NEGATIVE CHANGES
Authors: Ветрова Татьяна Вячеславовна , Подольская Верена-Аглая Владимировна 
Published: November 2021

В статье исследуются особенности психологического состояния лиц, перенесших заболевание, вызванное действием новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Показано наличие выраженных изменений в когнитивной, эмоциональной и мотивационной сферах при отсутствии корреляционной связи между тяжестью протекания заболевания, вызванного коронавирусом COVID-19, и выраженностью его негативных последствий в психической сфере. Описывается практика психологической коррекции выявленных изменений в период реабилитации после перенесенного заболевания
The article examines the features of the psychological state of persons who have suffered a disease caused by a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The presence of marked changes in cognitive, emotional and motivational spheres in the absence of a correlation between the severity of the disease caused by coronavirus COVID-19 and the severity of its negative consequences in the mental sphere is shown. The practice of psychological correction of the detected changes in the period of rehabilitation after the disease is described