bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDI motives of emerging market multinationals and foreign subsidiary governance
Authors: Luo Yuxue , Kim Young Un , Li Lei , Tang Xiaojun 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examine how the parent firm’s foreign direct investment (FDI) motive influences the roles of corporate boards and CEO appointment of foreign subsidiaries in the context of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Based on the agency and resource dependence theories, foreign subsidiary boards mainly serve two governance roles: an internal role focusing on monitoring subsidiary operations and resource flows with parent firms and an external role aimed at securing local operational effectiveness. This paper specifically examines the composition of foreign subsidiary boards in terms of board independence and expatriate director ratio, and whether the CEO is an expatriate, which reflects the emphasized role.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper collects data on listed foreign subsidiaries of Chinese MNEs between 2005 and 2021. The final sample includes 754 subsidiary-year observations across 20 host economies. The analysis is conducted using Hausman–Taylor estimation.

Findings
This paper finds that strategic asset-seeking FDI motive is associated with a lower expatriate director ratio, a higher independent director ratio and a higher likelihood of hiring nonexpatriate CEOs. In contrast, foreign subsidiaries established with the motive of institutional escape to tax havens result in a higher expatriate director ratio, lower independent director ratio and lower likelihood of hiring nonexpatriate CEOs.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore how FDI motives influence board composition of foreign subsidiaries and appointment of subsidiary CEOs. Theoretically, this paper draws upon agency theory and resource dependence theory to extend their application to foreign subsidiaries of EMNEs. The findings enhance the understanding of international corporate governance.
Tangibility of intangibles in the ESG disclosure–carbon intensity nexus for S&P 500 firms
Authors: Saha Rupjyoti , Maji Santi Gopal 
Published: February 2025

PurposeGiven the substantial contribution of intangible assets to firms’ overall valuation in the present knowledge-based era, this study aims to explore how these non-physical assets influence the effectiveness of ESG disclosure in reducing carbon intensity (CI).Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on the S&P 500 firms for the period 2015–2016 to 2022–2023 to study the overall impact of ESG disclosure on CI and investigate the differential impact of the same based on firms’ intangible assets by applying the system generalized method of moments (GMM) and two stage least squares (2SLS) regression models.FindingsThis study finds that overall, there is a significant negative impact of ESG disclosure on CI. However, the impact of ESG disclosure on CI varies based on firms’ intangible assets. In particular, ESG disclosure leads to significant mitigation of CI for firms with high intangible assets, while the same relationship becomes insignificant for the firms with low intangible assets.Originality/valueGiven the extant ESG literature that largely focuses on its financial outcome, this study makes a novel contribution by studying the impact of ESG disclosure on a sustainability parameter, that is CI in the context of the US. Moreover, this research adds deeper insights into the strategic importance of intangible assets in enhancing corporate sustainability performance.
Uncovering Female Voices in a Male‐dominated Discourse: An Analysis of Gender Dynamics in Medical Case Records From the Qing Dynasty, China
Authors: Xiaoyan Dong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBy utilizing the pivotal text Wu's Records of Medical Experiences, this research recognizes that the male‐centric perspective prevalent in case records overlooks or even disregards women's experiences. Our objective is to explore how this male‐centric lens shapes the representation of women. Contrary to the persistent belief that the Chinese gender construct was solely rooted in tradition and oppressive forces, this article contends that even within imperial China – often viewed as a quintessential example of patriarchal society – there was significant flexibility and opportunities for individuals to shape their identities through everyday practices.
Novel Gene Clusters for Secondary Metabolite Synthesis in Mesophotic Sponge‐Associated Bacteria
Authors: Chen Nuo , Liu Liwei , Wang Jingxuan , Mao Deqiang , Lu Hongmei , Shishido Tânia Keiko , Zhi Shuai , Chen Hua , He Shan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) host a diverse array of sponge species, which represent a promising source of bioactive compounds. Increasing evidence suggests that sponge‐associated bacteria may be the primary producers of these compounds. However, cultivating these bacteria under laboratory conditions remains a significant challenge. To investigate the rich resource of bioactive compounds synthesised by mesophotic sponge‐associated bacteria, we retrieved 429 metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from 15 mesophotic sponges, revealing a strong correlation between bacterial diversity and sponge species. Furthermore, we identified 1637 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) within these MAGs. Among the identified BGCs, terpenes were the most abundant (495), followed by 369 polyketide synthases (PKSs), 293 ribosomally synthesised and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and 135 nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The BGCs were classified into 1086 gene cluster families (GCFs) based on sequence similarity. Notably, only five GCFs included experimentally validated reference BGCs from the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster database (MIBiG). Additionally, an unusual abundance of BGCs was detected in Entotheonella sp. (s191209.Bin93) from the Tectomicrobia phylum. In contrast, members of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota harboured fewer BGCs (6–7 on average), yet their high abundance in MCE sponges suggests a potentially rich reservoir of BGCs. Analysis of the BGC distribution patterns revealed that a subset of BGCs, including terpene GCFs (FAM_00447 and FAM_01046), PKS GCF (FAM_00235), and RiPPs GCF (FAM_01143), were widespread across mesophotic sponges. Furthermore, 32 GCFs were consistently present in the same MAGs across different sponges, highlighting their potential key biological roles and capacity to yield novel bioactive compounds. This study not only underscores the untapped potential of mesophotic sponge‐associated bacteria as a source of bioactive compounds but also provides valuable insights into the intricate interactions between sponges and their symbiotic microbial communities.
Clinical Outcomes of Cefepime Dosing in Patients With Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Undergoing Renal Replacement Therapies
Authors: El Nekidy Wasim S. , Alzaman Khaled , Abidi Emna , Ghosn Muriel , Ismail Khaled , Ghazi Islam M. , El Lababidi Rania , Mooty Mohamad , Malik Amir , Alshamsi Amna , Almheiri Ali , Mallat Jihad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveData regarding the efficacy of cefepime in treating patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) are limited. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the outcomes of recommended cefepime dosing in this population.MethodsA retrospective descriptive cohort study was conducted between May 2015 and December 2022 on patients diagnosed with active sepsis secondary to P. aeruginosa infection, requiring cefepime treatment and undergoing RRT. The primary endpoint was 30‐day all‐cause mortality, with secondary endpoints including clinical cure, microbiologic cure, infection recurrence rate, and incidence of adverse events.ResultsA total of 132 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 81 (62.4%) were male, with a median age of 69 years and a median BMI of 27 kg/m2. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (58.3%), followed by bacteremia (18.9%). The median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefepime for P. aeruginosa was 2 mcg/mL. The median dose of cefepime was 2000 mg every 12 h in those undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration and 1000 mg every 24 h in those undergoing intermittent hemodialysis, with a median duration of therapy of 8 days. The median Charlson Comorbidity index for survivors was 9 (8–11), while it was 7.5 (5.25–9.75) for non‐survivors (p = 0.754). The 30‐day survival rate was achieved in 96 patients (72.7%), the clinical cure was achieved in 58.3% of subjects, and a microbiologic cure rate of 31%. The 30‐day reinfection rate was 9.1%, with no documented adverse events associated with the doses used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the use of vasopressors (Odds Ratio 4.6, 95% CI 1.3–17.1) and white blood cell count at the end of therapy (Odds Ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.4) as the main predictors of all‐cause mortality in this population.ConclusionOur results suggest that the utilized doses of cefepime in patients with P. aeruginosa infections undergoing RRT were effective. Larger study is needed to confirm our findings.
Simulated daylight vs. conventional PDT for clinical superficial BCC: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sjöholm Alexandra , Backman Eva , Modin Maja , Fougelberg Julia , Claeson Magdalena , Paoli John 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a recognized treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC). Conventional PDT (C‐PDT) has a relatively high clearance rate but is time‐consuming and painful. Simulated daylight PDT (SDL‐PDT) has the potential advantage of causing less pain, but its effectiveness has not been investigated thoroughly.ObjectivesTo determine whether SDL‐PDT is non‐inferior to C‐PDT in the treatment of clinically diagnosed sBCC and to assess adverse events during treatment and patient preferences.MethodsIn this single‐centre, non‐inferiority, randomized controlled trial, adult patients with sBCCs of any size and located on anatomical sites suitable for PDT were recruited. Lesions were randomized to two sessions of either SDL‐PDT or C‐PDT using aminolevulinic acid as the photosensitizer. Patient‐perceived pain was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Self‐report forms were used to measure patient preferences. Patients were evaluated after 3 months to assess early treatment failure and after 1 year to determine overall clearance rates.ResultsIn total, 78 participants with 193 sBCCs were treated. Most lesions (47.2%) were located on the trunk and were diagnosed solely through dermoscopic evaluation (64.2%). After 1 year, the clearance rate was 62.4% for SDL‐PDT and 91.8% for C‐PDT (p < 0.001) disproving non‐inferiority. Illumination was reported to be more painful during C‐PDT (mean NRS score of 3.5 at session 1 and 3.7 at session 2) compared with SDL‐PDT (mean NRS score of 0.1 at both sessions) (p < 0.001). Immediately after treatment, 87.5% of respondents expressed a preference for SDL‐PDT.ConclusionsSDL‐PDT is less effective than C‐PDT but is also less painful. Due to the lower clearance rate, this study does not support SDL‐PDT as a primary treatment option for sBCC. The randomized controlled trial was registered at http://www.researchweb.org/ (project 264721).
Machine Learning and Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications for the Modeling of the Decompression‐Induced Innovative Steaming Treatment of Paddy at the Bulk Level
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Bordoloi Tridisha , Kumari Sonam , Hazarika Manuj K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInstant controlled pressure drop (ICPD) treatment is a novel approach for the quality improvement of milled rice. In this investigation, temperature and moisture profiling for the bulk‐level ICPD treatment of paddy and its effect on the gelatinization kinetics of milled rice were studied using machine learning approaches, namely, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro‐fuzzy interface system (ANFIS), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For CFD‐based temperature profiles, the coefficient of determination (R2) values ranged from 0.91 to 0.95, while for moisture profiles, the values were between 0.97 and 0.99. In case of ANN predictions, the 2‐5‐3 architecture showed adequate performance based on an R2 value of 0.99 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.514. For ANFIS‐based predictions, the R2 values exceeded 0.99, while the MSE values ranged from 0.0034 to 0.0084. The 2‐3‐3‐1 ANFIS architecture with gaussmf membership function and nine fuzzy rules showed the best results. These results indicated that the ANFIS‐based model exhibited more accuracy as compared to ANN‐ and CFD‐based predictions. In addition, the broken rice percentage (BRP) was determined to assess the impact of temperature and moisture profiles on the quality of milled rice, showing a decrease in BRP with the increase of treatment time. The parboiled rice treated for 40 s had the highest quality by considering BRP obtained from all the nodes.
Economic Exposure of Canadian Residential Properties to Flooding
Authors: Morin Gabriel , Boudreault Mathieu , Thistlethwaite Jason , Bourdeau‐Brien Michael , Chenette Jacob , Henstra Daniel , Raikes Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFlood risk management (FRM) involves planning proactively for flooding in high‐risk areas to reduce its impacts on people and property. A key challenge for governments pursuing FRM is to pinpoint assets that are highly economically exposed and vulnerable to flood hazards in order to prioritize them in policy and planning. This paper presents a novel flood risk assessment, making use of a dataset that identifies the location, dwelling type, property characteristics, and potential economic losses of Canadian residential properties. The findings reveal that the average annual costs are $1.4B, but most of the risks are concentrated in high‐risk areas. Data gaps are uncovered that justify replication through local validation studies. The results provide a novel evidence base for specific reforms in Canada's approach to FRM, with a focus on insurance that improves both implementation and effectiveness.
Harnessing Novel Data‐Driven Techniques for Precise Rainfall–Runoff Modeling
Authors: Sammen Saad Sh. , Mohammadpour Reza , AlSafadi Karam , Mokhtar Ali , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRainfall and runoff are considered the main components of the hydrological cycle, and their forecasting is of great significance in water resource management, particularly for reservoir operation. Developing an accurate model to capture the dynamic connection between rainfall and runoff remains problematic and challenging in water resource management due to the nonstationary characteristics of hydrologic processes and the effects of noise. In this study, data‐driven techniques, such as the group method of data handling (GMDH), extreme learning machine (ELM), and two hybrids of artificial neural network (ANN) with Cuckoo search algorithm (ANN + Cuckoo) and genetic algorithm (ANN + GA) were used to model the rainfall–runoff relationship. For a comprehensive analysis, four scenarios were examined based on the different input combinations to test and select the best scenario and best model performance. The results indicated that the performance of ELM and GMDH in predicting runoff was more accurate than that of ANN + Cuckoo and ANN + GA. Although the GMDH predicts runoff with higher accuracy, ELM provides reliable performance in simulating both low and high values. The models' performance can be ranked based on the testing data in the following order: GMDH, ELM, ANN + GA, and ANN + CUKOO. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was recorded as 56.7 and 69.7 m3/s for the GMDH and ELM models, respectively. These low RMSE values highlight the potential of these models in effectively addressing the challenges associated with the complexity of rainfall–runoff simulations. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the machine learning models could be used as a simple, rapid, and inexpensive approach for timely and reliable runoff prediction that is expected to benefit reservoir management.
Using Video Introduction to Mitigate Affect‐Based Initial Trust in Automation
Authors: Cui Zixin , Yang Fan , Zhou Huiping , Li Xintong , Itoh Makoto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInitial trust in automation influences people's initial decisions to embrace and utilize automation. However, too much trust in automation, beyond the automation's actual reliability and capability, can lead to its misuse or abuse. Specifically, affect‐based initial trust in automation can be easily fostered without enhancing the system's actual reliability and capability. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate a strategy to help mitigate affect‐based initial trust in automation. We conducted an online experiment comparing the effects of different introduction types—plain text versus video with visual animation and oral narration. Results indicated that affect‐based initial trust remained relatively consistent across video and plain text conditions. However, detailed analyses revealed that video introduction notably decreased the faith sub‐facet of affect‐based initial trust. These findings suggest a potential method to mitigate people's groundless overestimation of system ability, which may minimize the risk of initial misuse or abuse of automation systems.
Evaluating implementation by rural clinics of evidence‐based interventions to promote HPV vaccination
Authors: Evett Stephanie , Walker Shelley , Ryan Grace W. , Steere Eliza , Daly Eliza , Janio Emily A. , Pedraza Marin Stephanie , Askelson Natoshia M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeDespite the well‐established link between vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and a decreased risk of cancer, HPV vaccine uptake in rural communities is low. Evidence‐based interventions (EBIs) to promote HPV vaccination exist but are not universally implemented in rural settings due to various challenges. To understand the support needed by rural clinics in implementing EBIs, the University of Iowa partnered with the American Cancer Society (ACS) to evaluate an ACS HPV Vaccinating Adolescents against Cancers Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative that was delivered to six clinics in two rural health systems. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the learning collaborative approach for helping rural clinics implement EBIs aimed at increasing HPV vaccine uptake.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with clinic staff at six time points throughout the 2‐year intervention. Interviews were conducted over the phone and were recorded and transcribed. Members of the research team coded the interviews using codebooks informed by the interview guides. The analysis compared the health systems and identified the changes they made in response to assistance provided by the collaborative.ResultsClinic staff implemented the following EBIs: utilizing the immunization registry, strong provider recommendation, and provider education. Implementation of scheduling next dose fluctuated during the intervention. Differences were noted in the two health systems’ implementation using electronic health records for patient and provider reminders.ConclusionSmall, rural clinics can implement effective EBIs, given proper support. This is important as such EBIs can increase HPV vaccination rates and help prevent HPV‐associated cancers.
Influence of drought stress on the metabolite and ion composition in nectar and nectaries of different day‐ and night‐flowering Nicotiana species
Authors: Göttlinger T. , Naegel D. , Dick J. E. , Lohaus G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The frequencies of droughts worldwide will increase in the future due to climate changes. Nectar composition of plant species varies in relation to pollinator and can also be influenced by drought. We investigated both different pollinated species and the effects of drought in parallel. In addition, the influence of drought on nectar production and metabolism in nectaries should be investigated, since very little is currently known about this.
The influence of drought stress on nectaries, nectar and leaves of 4 day‐ and night‐flowering Nicotiana species (pollinated by sunbirds, hummingbirds, hawkmoths or bats) were investigated. The nectar volume, as well as metabolite concentrations (sugars, amino acids), inorganic ions and starch were measured. PCA and PERMANOVA were applied to determine the relative importance of different drought conditions on metabolism of nectaries and nectar.
Drought stress led to changes in composition of nectaries and nectar in all four Nicotiana species. The day‐flowering species had relatively similar changes, whereas the night‐flowering species differed from these and also from each other. Quantities of sugars, amino acids and inorganic ions per flower decreased sharply in all Nicotiana species because of a strong decrease in nectar volume.
Drought stress not only compromises plant growth but also nectar secretion and composition. These changes are likely to affect plant–pollinator interactions and may negatively impact successful pollination.
The language of “diversity” or “DEI”? Exploring job titles of diversity professionals in US institutions of higher education
Authors: Rajasekar Neeraj , Gunderson Evan , Wilcox Annika 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiversity discourse and related policy have been common in US higher education, and many such institutions employ diversity professionals. As diversity has historically been a contested concept, the language schools use to articulate diversity can greatly shape the discursive environment and work faced by diversity professionals, especially in the current moment of regular political attacks on diversity and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) offices in US higher education. This study analyzes the language of diversity in US higher education via analysis of diversity‐related job titles. We examine job title data collected from thousands of colleges and universities across the country over an 18‐year period, with special attention to educational institutions' use of “diversity” versus “DEI” terminology. We also analyze how institutional characteristics and contextual factors are associated with language in diversity‐related job titles. We find that te language of DEI became substantially more prominent over time, rising steadily from 2015 through 2022. While this may change in the near future, our study illustrates that DEI language had some momentum in American institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the past decade. Notably, schools' language choice has little association with institutional characteristics or contextual factors, which has implications in a moment where anti‐DEI politics and policy are affecting IHEs around the country. We discuss our analysis in the context of the current political‐legal landscape and consider directions for future research examining the language of diversity and DEI in US society.