bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: 1918 and the Ambiguities of “Old-New Europe”
Authors: Newman John Paul , Zách Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur special issue discusses different perspectives on the important changes that took place in the transition from empire to nation-state at the end of the First World War, focusing especially on transnational connections, structural and historical continuities, and marginal voices that have been fully or partially concealed by the emphasis on a radical national awakening in 1918. Specific articles broach topics such as the implications of 1918 on notions of gender and ethnicity, 1918 and the violence of the “Greater War,” and the legacies and memories of 1918 across the 20th century. Our approach treats the “New Europe” of 1918 as a largely coherent geopolitical and cultural space, one which can be studied in an interdisciplinary fashion. We contend that 1918 is not simply a clean break in which one epoch cleanly makes way for another, but rather it is an ambiguous and contradictory pivot, one which created an “Old-New Europe” caught between the forces of the imperial past and those of the national future. Our intention is not to dismiss entirely the importance of the transformations of 1918 but rather to show how there exists a tension between those changes and the many continuities and legacies that cut across the traditional chronology.
Land Reform, Henry Rider Haggard, and the Politics of Imperial Settlement, 1900–1920
Authors: Watts James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article considers the links between land reform and emigration through the figure of Henry Rider Haggard and argues that these two issues were deeply intertwined within British politics. Land reform in Britain is often considered as a domestic issue, but imperial campaigners often presented this in terms of the British empire. Haggard campaigned for twenty years for a greater living link to the land in Britain and the empire and believed that this link had profound effects upon English patriotism, character, and health. The imperial frontier had a spirit that improved English character, an idea that Haggard developed in the 1870s and is evident in much of his fiction. Imperial emigration was presented as a patriotic act that aided imperial defence in Australia from Chinese expansion and in South Africa from indigenous opposition. Population was the only way to bolster and defend the empire. Considering his books, speeches, newspaper reviews, and his work for the Royal Colonial Institute, this article argues that British politics and the land between 1900 and 1920 should be considered in an imperial frame. Existing work has neglected the imperial aspect of land reform, and how it was presented by emigration societies, which many imperialists considered an obvious way of dealing with unemployment and increasing urbanization whilst bolstering Greater Britain.
Physical properties of UHT light cream: impact of the high-pressure homogenization and addition of hydrocolloids
Authors: Nardy Paiva Virgínia , de Souza Soares Lucas , Stephani Rodrigo , Pereira Silva Álvaro Augusto , Fernandes de Carvalho Antônio , Rodrigues Toledo Renhe Isis , Tuler Perrone Ítalo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe beneficial effects of a healthy diet on the quality of life have prompted the food industry to develop low-fat variants, but fat content directly affects the physicochemical and sensory properties of food products. The utilization of high-pressure homogenization (HP) and incorporation of hydrocolloids have been suggested as strategies to improve the physical stability and rheological properties of light cream. Thus, this study aims to analyze the associated effect of high-pressure homogenization (80 MPa) and three different hydrocolloids: microcrystalline cellulose, locust bean gum and xanthan gum, on emulsion stability and rheological properties of ultra-high-temperature (UHT) light cream (ULC) with a 15% w/w fat content. The stability of ULC was determined by the ζ potential of oil droplets and emulsion stability percentage. Rheological characterization was based on flow behavior tests and dynamic oscillatory measurements, which were carried out in a rheometer. Results showed that the high-pressure homogenization process did not influence the emulsion stability of the treatments. Moreover, the hydrocolloids added to systems present weak interactions with milk proteins since all ULC showed macroscopical phase separation. The samples presented the same rheological behavior and were classified as pseudoplastic fluids (n < 1). ULC treated at 80 MPa was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more consistent than the treatments at 20 MPa. All ULC showed a predominant elastic behavior (G′ > G″), and a remarkable increase in both G′ and G″ at 80 MPa. The results presented in this study highlight the potential of HP for altering some rheological characteristics of UHT light cream, for example, to increase its consistency. These results are important for the dairy industry and ingredient suppliers, in the standardization of UHT light cream and/or to develop low-fat products.
Zoometric data extraction from drone imagery: the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)
Authors: de Kock Meyer E , O’Donovan Declan , Khafaga Tamer , Hejcmanová Pavla 
Published: July 2021

SummaryData extraction from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery has proved effective in animal surveys and monitoring, but to date has scarcely been used for detailed population analysis and individual animal feature extraction. We assessed the zoometric and feature extraction of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) using data acquired from a captive population for comparison with reintroduced populations monitored by UAVs. Highly accurate scaled and geo-rectified imagery derived from UAV surveys allowed precise morphometric measurements of the oryx. The scaled top-view imagery combined with baseline data from known sex, age, weight and pregnancy status of captive individuals were used to develop predictive models. A bracketed index developed from the predictive models showed high accuracy for classifying the age group ≤16 months, animals with a weight >80 kg and pregnancy. The pregnancy classification decision tree model performed with 91.7% accuracy. The polynomial weight predictive model performed well with relatively high accuracy when using the total top-view surface measurement. Photogrammetrically processed UAV-acquired imagery can yield valuable zoometric data, feature extraction and modelling; it is a tool with a practical application for field biologists that can assist in the decision-making process for species conservation management.
Current status of Great Bustard Otis tarda in Turkey: population size, distribution, movements, and threats
Authors: ÖZGENCİL İBRAHİM KAAN , AKARSU FERDİ , KARATAŞ MEHMET MAHİR , GÜRSOY-ERGEN ARZU , SAYGILI-YİĞİT FULYA , KARAKAYA MUHARREM , SOYLUER MELİSA 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Great Bustard Otis tarda is a globally threatened species with populations inhabiting the steppe zones of Turkey. In recent decades, its populations in Turkey have suffered severe declines in range and size. Although the remaining populations are in urgent need of protection, there has been no national-scale study on the species since 2009, and huge information gaps remain concerning its range, abundance, and movements in the country. Here, we combined data from five years of fieldwork together with all available sight and literature records to present up-to-date estimates of distribution and population size in Turkey, to better understand its movement patterns, to reveal its recent and historical population changes, and to assess its national extinction risk and threats. We find that the species’ breeding population has shrunk by 20–29% over the last five years, and there are only 559–780 breeding Great Bustards in Turkey distributed in two discrete subpopulations. Comparison with historical records shows that the species’ range has shrunk by at least 60% since the beginning of the 20th century. We suggest possible migratory routes within and through Turkey and that Turkey might have a higher regional importance for the species than previously thought. Illegal hunting, agricultural intensification, shift to irrigated crops, overgrazing, collision with powerlines, and disturbance are the most severe threats to the species in Turkey. Our national Red List assessment yields an Endangered categorisation. Further studies are needed to understand the metapopulation structure and movements of the species and to conserve its remaining populations in Turkey.
Passive Ground‐Based Optical Techniques for Monitoring the On‐Orbit ICESat‐2 Altimeter Geolocation and Footprint Diameter
Authors: Magruder Lori , Brunt Kelly , Neumann Thomas , Klotz Bradley , Alonzo Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorner cube retro‐reflectors (CCRs), passive optical components, are used to independently evaluate the geolocation accuracy and effective laser footprint diameter of NASA's laser altimetry mission, ICESat‐2, at two specific study sites: White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico and along a segment of the 88°S line of latitude in Antarctica. The CCR methodology provides ICESat‐2 the ability to monitor these altimeter performance metrics throughout the mission lifetime as an indicator of the health of the instrument and the quality of the observations for science applications. The results using this technique reveal a mean geolocation accuracy of the ICESat‐2 measurements of 3.5 m ± 2.1 m, meeting the mission requirement of 6.5 m. For those instances where multiple CCRs are illuminated, the mean effective laser footprint diameter is 10.9 m ± 1.2 m, with the variability assumed to be due to the influence of atmospheric conditions, but warrants further investigation.
Distribution and Transport of Water Masses in the East Siberian Sea and Their Impacts on the Arctic Halocline
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jinping , Lobanov Vyacheslav B. , Kaplunenko Dmitry , Rudykh Yan N. , He Yan , Chen Xianyao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigated the transport of Arctic shelf water and its impacts on the downstream hydrographic structures in the Amerasian Basin by combining data collected in the summer of 2016 from two international cruises in the Pacific sector. The East Siberian Sea (ESS), in which cold shelf water with salinity of 31.0–32.8 is produced, was identified to be a major source of the near‐freezing temperature water for the Makarov Basin. This relatively low‐salinity shelf water was transported into the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and occupied the subsurface layer (30–60 m), which led to the formation of a subsurface oceanic front stretching along the Chukchi Plateau and northern side of the Mendeleev Ridge. The offshore transport of waters from the ESS caused an intrusion of the Atlantic Water onto the shelf and promoted the formation of the diapycnally mixed Lower Halocline Water (D‐LHW) at the bottom of the outer shelf. Our findings indicate that the source of the D‐LHW in the Arctic Pacific sector might extend from the Chukchi Plateau to as far as the Makarov Basin. We hypothesize that advection of waters from the ESS into the Makarov Basin promotes development of the subsurface halocline in the Makarov Basin. The volume transport of surface waters (salinity less than 30) on the ESS shelf was estimated to be about 0.6 Sv (106 m3 s−1) eastward to the Canada Basin in 2016, consistent with the cyclonic Arctic circulation regime in 2016.
Comparison of GRACE and GNSS Seasonal Load Displacements Considering Regional Averages and Discrete Points
Authors: Zhang Lan , Tang He , Sun Wenke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) are two independent geodetic technologies that can detect geometric and gravity deformations, respectively. The signals observed by the two technologies mainly include the internal tectonic movement and surface mass loading effects. The former generally exhibits a long‐term stable linear trend, whereas the latter exhibits strong seasonality. Many studies have compared seasonal deformations between GRACE and GNSS or combined them to study the water cycle or tectonic signals. However, whether GRACE and GNSS are comparable and what the magnitude of their differences still remain unclear. In this study, we present simulations and a case study of the Amazon basin to address this ambiguity. The loading deformations were simulated in response to load masses with varying resolutions and distributions. We found that the discrepancy is about 30% in the spatial average between the accurate loading displacement and the truncated‐result at degree‐60 after applying a G300 or DDK4 filter due to a single load mass. The simulated horizontal deformation may have larger discrepancies at a single point in response to the chessboard mass distributions. The case study in the Amazon basin basically verifies our simulation results, which indicate that there is an ∼40%–50% discrepancy between the GNSS‐observed and GRACE‐modeled displacements spatial average, and it may reach several times that at a single point. We demonstrate that the difference between the GRACE and GNSS is significant for both regional average and single‐point analyses.
Conserved immunomodulatory transcriptional networks underlie antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Authors: Zapata Rizaldy C. , Chaudry Besma S. , Valencia Mariela Lopez , Zhang Dinghong , Ochsner Scott A. , McKenna Neil J. , Osborn Olivia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, are effective in the management of psychiatric conditions, some patients experience excessive antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). To illuminate pathways underlying AIWG, we compared baseline blood gene expression profiles in two cohorts of mice that were either prone (AIWG-P) or resistant (AIWG-R) to weight gain in response to olanzapine treatment for two weeks. We found that transcripts elevated in AIWG-P mice relative to AIWG-R are enriched for high-confidence transcriptional targets of numerous inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling nodes. Moreover, these nodes are themselves enriched for genes whose disruption in mice is associated with reduced body fat mass and slow postnatal weight gain. In addition, we identified gene expression profiles in common between our mouse AIWG-P gene set and an existing human AIWG-P gene set whose regulation by immunomodulatory transcription factors is highly conserved between species. Finally, we identified striking convergence between mouse AIWG-P transcriptional regulatory networks and those associated with body weight and body mass index in humans. We propose that immunomodulatory transcriptional networks drive AIWG, and that these networks have broader conserved roles in whole body-metabolism.
A minus-end directed kinesin motor directs gravitropism in Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Li Yufan , Deng Zhaoguo , Kamisugi Yasuko , Chen Zhiren , Wang Jiajun , Han Xue , Wei Yuxiao , He Hang , Terzaghi William , Cove David J. , Cuming Andrew C. , Chen Haodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGravity is a critical environmental factor regulating directional growth and morphogenesis in plants, and gravitropism is the process by which plants perceive and respond to the gravity vector. The cytoskeleton is proposed to play important roles in gravitropism, but the underlying mechanisms are obscure. Here we use genetic screening in Physcomitrella patens, to identify a locus GTRC, that when mutated, reverses the direction of protonemal gravitropism. GTRC encodes a processive minus-end-directed KCHb kinesin, and its N-terminal, C-terminal and motor domains are all essential for transducing the gravity signal. Chimeric analysis between GTRC/KCHb and KCHa reveal a unique role for the N-terminus of GTRC in gravitropism. Further study shows that gravity-triggered normal asymmetric distribution of actin filaments in the tip of protonema is dependent on GTRC. Thus, our work identifies a microtubule-based cellular motor that determines the direction of plant gravitropism via mediating the asymmetric distribution of actin filaments.
Ternary aromatic and anti-aromatic clusters derived from the hypho species [Sn2Sb5]3−
Authors: Xu Yu-He , Tkachenko Nikolay V. , Popov Ivan A. , Qiao Lei , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong-Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterometallic clusters have attracted broad interests in the synthetic chemistry due to their various coordination modes and potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report the synthesis, experimental, and theoretical characterizations of four ternary clusters ([M2(CO)6Sn2Sb5]3− (M = Cr, Mo), and [(MSn2Sb5)2]4−, (M = Cu, Ag)) in the process of capturing the hypho- [Sn2Sb5]3− in ethylenediamine (en) solution. We show that the coordination of the binary anion to transition-metal ions or fragments provides additional stabilization due to the formation of locally σ-aromatic units, producing a spherical aromatic shielding region in the cages. While in the case of [Mo2(CO)6Sn2Sb5]3− stabilization arises from locally σ-aromatic three-centre and five-centre two-electron bonds, aromatic islands in [(AgSn2Sb5)2]4− and [(CuSn2Sb5)2]4− render them globally antiaromatic. This work describes the coordination chemistry of the versatile building block [Sn2Sb5]3−, thus providing conceptual advances in the field of metal-metal bonding in clusters.
Efficient experimental quantum fingerprinting with channel multiplexing and simultaneous detection
Authors: Zhong Xiaoqing , Xu Feihu , Lo Hoi-Kwong , Qian Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantum communication complexity explores the minimum amount of communication required to achieve certain tasks using quantum states. One representative example is quantum fingerprinting, in which the minimum amount of communication could be exponentially smaller than the classical fingerprinting. Here, we propose a quantum fingerprinting protocol where coherent states and channel multiplexing are used, with simultaneous detection of signals carried by multiple channels. Compared with an existing coherent quantum fingerprinting protocol, our protocol could consistently reduce communication time and the amount of communication by orders of magnitude by increasing the number of channels. Our proposed protocol can even beat the classical limit without using superconducting-nanowire single photon detectors. We also report a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration with six wavelength channels to validate the advantage of our protocol in the amount of communication. The experimental results clearly prove that our protocol not only surpasses the best-known classical protocol, but also remarkably outperforms the existing coherent quantum fingerprinting protocol.
An on-demand, drop-on-drop method for studying enzyme catalysis by serial crystallography
Authors: Butryn Agata , Simon Philipp S. , Aller Pierre , Hinchliffe Philip , Massad Ramzi N. , Leen Gabriel , Tooke Catherine L. , Bogacz Isabel , Kim In-Sik , Bhowmick Asmit , Brewster Aaron S. , Devenish Nicholas E. , Brem Jürgen , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Lang Pauline A. , Rabe Patrick , Axford Danny , Beale John H. , Davy Bradley , Ebrahim Ali , Orlans Julien , Storm Selina L. S. , Zhou Tiankun , Owada Shigeki , Tanaka Rie , Tono Kensuke , Evans Gwyndaf , Owen Robin L. , Houle Frances A. , Sauter Nicholas K. , Schofield Christopher J. , Spencer James , Yachandra Vittal K. , Yano Junko , Kern Jan F. , Orville Allen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSerial femtosecond crystallography has opened up many new opportunities in structural biology. In recent years, several approaches employing light-inducible systems have emerged to enable time-resolved experiments that reveal protein dynamics at high atomic and temporal resolutions. However, very few enzymes are light-dependent, whereas macromolecules requiring ligand diffusion into an active site are ubiquitous. In this work we present a drop-on-drop sample delivery system that enables the study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microcrystal slurries. The system delivers ligand solutions in bursts of multiple picoliter-sized drops on top of a larger crystal-containing drop inducing turbulent mixing and transports the mixture to the X-ray interaction region with temporal resolution. We demonstrate mixing using fluorescent dyes, numerical simulations and time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, which show rapid ligand diffusion through microdroplets. The drop-on-drop method has the potential to be widely applicable to serial crystallography studies, particularly of enzyme reactions with small molecule substrates.
All-inorganic perovskite quantum dot light-emitting memories
Authors: Yen Meng-Cheng , Lee Chia-Jung , Liu Kang-Hsiang , Peng Yi , Leng Junfu , Chang Tzu-Hsuan , Chang Chun-Chieh , Tamada Kaoru , Lee Ya-Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractField-induced ionic motions in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) strongly dictate not only their electro-optical characteristics but also the ultimate optoelectronic device performance. Here, we show that the functionality of a single Ag/CsPbBr3/ITO device can be actively switched on a sub-millisecond scale from a resistive random-access memory (RRAM) to a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), or vice versa, by simply modulating its bias polarity. We then realize for the first time a fast, all-perovskite light-emitting memory (LEM) operating at 5 kHz by pairing such two identical devices in series, in which one functions as an RRAM to electrically read the encoded data while the other simultaneously as an LEC for a parallel, non-contact optical reading. We further show that the digital status of the LEM can be perceived in real time from its emission color. Our work opens up a completely new horizon for more advanced all-inorganic perovskite optoelectronic technologies.
Rotational and nuclear-spin level dependent photodissociation dynamics of H2S
Authors: Zhao Yarui , Luo Zijie , Chang Yao , Wu Yucheng , Zhang Su-e , Li Zhenxing , Ding Hongbin , Wu Guorong , Campbell Jyoti S. , Hansen Christopher S. , Crane Stuart W. , Western Colin M. , Ashfold Michael N. R. , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe detailed features of molecular photochemistry are key to understanding chemical processes enabled by non-adiabatic transitions between potential energy surfaces. But even in a small molecule like hydrogen sulphide (H2S), the influence of non-adiabatic transitions is not yet well understood. Here we report high resolution translational spectroscopy measurements of the H and S(1D) photoproducts formed following excitation of H2S to selected quantum levels of a Rydberg state with 1B1 electronic symmetry at wavelengths λ ~ 139.1 nm, revealing rich photofragmentation dynamics. Analysis reveals formation of SH(X), SH(A), S(3P) and H2 co-fragments, and in the diatomic products, inverted internal state population distributions. These nuclear dynamics are rationalised in terms of vibronic and rotational dependent predissociations, with relative probabilities depending on the parent quantum level. The study suggests likely formation routes for the S atoms attributed to solar photolysis of H2S in the coma of comets like C/1995 O1 and C/2014 Q2.