bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifiable environmental factors predispose term infants to bronchiolitis but bronchiolitis itself predisposes to respiratory sequelae
Authors: Frassanito Antonella , Nenna Raffaella , Arima Serena , Petrarca Laura , Pierangeli Alessandra , Scagnolari Carolina , Di Mattia Greta , Mancino Enrica , Matera Luigi , Porta Daniela , Rusconi Franca , Midulla Fabio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionViral bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Environmental and genetic factors can favor respiratory tract infections.AimThe aim of this study is to analyze risk factors for bronchiolitis and to investigate the predisposing factors for developing transient wheezing and asthma through a 6‐year follow‐up after hospitalization for bronchiolitis compared with a group of healthy controls that belonged to Piccolipiù cohort, who never had bronchiolitis.MethodsWe enrolled 645 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical data. At 6 years of age, 370 cases and 183 controls were investigated for the presence of asthma by the structured questionnaire, for prick test and for spirometry, and were classified to asthmatic, transient wheezing, and no wheezing/no asthma.ResultsBreastfeeding was an independent protective factor (odds ratio [OR]: 0.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.2–0.4,p < 0.001) and tobacco smoke was a risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1,p < 0.001). Analyzing follow‐up, bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing transient wheezing by 12.9 (95% CI: 6.3–26.1,p < 0.001) and of developing asthma by 4.6 (95% CI: 1.9–10.7,p < 0.001). A positive family history of atopy increased the risk of developing asthma by 3.1 (95% CI: 1.4–6.7,p = 0.005). Asthmatic patients had a lower % FEV1, a lower % flow‐volume curve (FVC), and a lower FEV1/FVC value, and they had more frequently positive skin prick test.ConclusionBronchiolitis is influenced by environmental factors: tobacco smoke increases its risk and breastfeeding is a protective factor. At the end of 6 years of follow‐up, bronchiolitis is a significant risk factor to have pre‐school wheezing and asthma.
OC6 Phase II: Integration and verification of a new soil–structure interaction model for offshore wind design
Authors: Bergua Roger , Robertson Amy , Jonkman Jason , Platt Andy , Page Ana , Qvist Jacob , Amet Ervin , Cai Zhisong , Han Huali , Beardsell Alec , Shi Wei , Galván Josean , Bachynski‐Polić Erin , McKinnon Gill , Harnois Violette , Bonnet Paul , Suja‐Thauvin Loup , Hansen Anders Melchior , Mendikoa Alonso Iñigo , Aristondo Ander , Battistella Tommaso , Guanche Raúl , Schünemann Paul , Pham Thanh‐Dam , Trubat Pau , Alarcón Daniel , Haudin Florence , Nguyen Minh Quan , Goveas Akhilesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of the work done within the OC6 Phase II project, which was focused on the implementation and verification of an advanced soil–structure interaction model for offshore wind system design and analysis. The soil–structure interaction model comes from the REDWIN project and uses an elastoplastic, macroelement model with kinematic hardening, which captures the stiffness and damping characteristics of offshore wind foundations more accurately than more traditional and simplified soil–structure interaction modeling approaches. Participants in the OC6 project integrated this macroelement capability to coupled aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic offshore wind turbine modeling tools and verified the implementation by comparing simulation results across the modeling tools for an example monopile design. The simulation results were also compared to more traditional soil–structure interaction modeling approaches like apparent fixity, coupled springs, and distributed springs models. The macroelement approach resulted in smaller overall loading in the system due to both shifts in the system frequencies and increased energy dissipation. No validation work was performed, but the macroelement approach has shown increased accuracy within the REDWIN project, resulting in decreased uncertainty in the design. For the monopile design investigated here, that implies a less conservative and thus more cost‐effective offshore wind design.
The grain quality of wheat wild relatives in the evolutionary context
Authors: Zeibig Frederike , Kilian Benjamin , Frei Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Key message
We evaluated the potential of wheat wild relatives for the improvement in grain quality characteristics including micronutrients (Fe, Zn) and gluten and identified diploid wheats and the timopheevii lineage as the most promising resources.

Abstract
Domestication enabled the advancement of civilization through modification of plants according to human requirements. Continuous selection and cultivation of domesticated plants induced genetic bottlenecks. However, ancient diversity has been conserved in crop wild relatives. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important staple foods and was among the first domesticated crop species. Its evolutionary diversity includes diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species from the Triticum and Aegilops taxa and different genomes, generating an AA, BBAA/GGAA and BBAADD/GGAAAmAm genepool, respectively. Breeding and improvement in wheat altered its grain quality. In this review, we identified evolutionary patterns and the potential of wheat wild relatives for quality improvement regarding the micronutrients Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), the gluten storage proteins α-gliadins and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and the secondary metabolite phenolics. Generally, the timopheevii lineage has been neglected to date regarding grain quality studies. Thus, the timopheevii lineage should be subject to grain quality research to explore the full diversity of the wheat gene pool.
Multiphasic modelling and computation of metastatic lung-cancer cell proliferation and atrophy in brain tissue based on experimental data
Authors: Ehlers Wolfgang , Morrison Markus , Schröder Patrick , Stöhr Daniela , Wagner Arndt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the most serious diseases for human beings, especially when metastases come into play. In the present article, the example of lung-cancer metastases in the brain is used to discuss the basic problem of cancer growth and atrophy as a result of both nutrients and medication. As the brain itself is a soft tissue that is saturated by blood and interstitial fluid, the biomechanical description of the problem is based on the Theory of Porous Media enhanced by the results of medication tests carried out in in-vitro experiments on cancer-cell cultures. Based on theoretical and experimental results, the consideration of proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis of metastatic cancer cells is included in the description by so-called mass-production terms added to the mass balances of the brain skeleton and the interstitial fluid. Furthermore, the mass interaction of nutrients and medical drugs between the solid and the interstitial fluid and its influence on proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells are considered. As a result, the overall model is appropriate for the description of brain tumour treatment combined with stress and deformation induced by cancer growth in the skull.
The course of birch pollen seasons in Sosnowiec (Southern Poland) in 1997–2020 in relation to meteorological conditions
Authors: Dąbrowska-Zapart Katarzyna , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study's main objective was to specify the extent to which weather conditions were related to the course of birch pollen seasons in the years 1997–2020. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the daily concentrations of birch pollen grains, the Annual pollen integral (APIn), and the length of pollen seasons were studied. The dependency between each meteorological condition and various features of the birch pollen season was determined using Spearman’s rho correlation, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and cluster analysis with the k-means method. It has been shown that the duration of sunshine and average air temperature occurring within 14 days preceding the season has the most significant influence on the beginning of a birch pollen season. The value of daily birch pollen concentrations in Sosnowiec showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the duration of sunlight and the average and maximum wind speed. The daily concentration also depended on the synoptic situation: the mass airflow direction, the type of air mass inflow, and the type of weather front. The near-ground temperature influenced the APIn of birch pollen grains during the period of 14 days before the beginning of the season and the meteorological conditions occurring in the summer of the preceding year such as the maximum temperature, duration of sunlight, the maximum and average wind speed, and the relative air humidity. It was concluded that the length of birch pollen seasons decreased year by year.
Eine Frage der Erwartungen?
Authors: Wicke Nina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftskommunikation trägt dazu bei, wissenschaftliches Wissen für die breite Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen. Welche Ansprüche das Publikum hierbei an die Vermittlung richtet und inwiefern dies den Vorstellungen der Kommunikator*innen entspricht, wird bislang in Forschung und Praxis wenig berücksichtigt. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit Qualitätsfragen befindet sich in der Wissenschaftskommunikation noch in ihren Anfängen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird auf der Grundlage des wissenschaftsjournalistischen Qualitätsdiskurses ein Vorschlag für mögliche Qualitätsdimensionen von Wissenschaftskommunikation entwickelt und am Beispiel des etablierten Formats der wissenschaftlichen Expert*innendebatte operationalisiert. Im Rahmen einer Pre-Post-Befragung erhebt die vorliegende Studie, orientiert an den Annahmen der Theorie der subjektiven Qualitätsauswahl von Wolling, Qualitätserwartungen und -bewertungen aus Publikumssicht. Die Perspektive der Formatverantwortlichen und was ihrer Ansicht nach die Qualität von Wissenschaftskommunikation kennzeichnet, wird kontrastierend in leitfadengestützten Expert*inneninterviews thematisiert.Das Publikum erwartet insbesondere Glaubwürdigkeit, Zugänglichkeit, Unabhängigkeit, Neutralität und Vielfalt von dem Format und den debattierenden Expert*innen. Diese Dimensionen stellen gewissermaßen Grundvoraussetzungen dar, damit Teilnehmende den vermittelten Inhalten vertrauen und sie gegebenenfalls in ihrem Verhalten berücksichtigen können. Obwohl sich das Format in seiner Konzeption am Public Engagement-Paradigma orientiert, ist ihnen eine Einbindung weniger wichtig. Es zeigen sich Inkongruenzen zu dem, worauf die Kommunikator*innen beim Debattenformat Wert legen. Sie erachten im Unterschied zum Publikum eine hohe Themenaktualität und gesellschaftliche Relevanz als zentrale Qualitätsmerkmale. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen einem normativen Anspruch an Wissenschaftskommunikation und dessen Umsetzung in der Praxis spiegelt sich in ihren Aussagen wider.
Translating the ‘water scarcity – water reuse’ situation into an information system for decision-making
Authors: Müller Andrea B. , Avellán Tamara , Schanze Jochen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne key challenge of water resources management is the identification and processing of the information necessary for decision-making. This article aims to provide avenues for translating a ‘water scarcity–water reuse’ (WS–WR) situation into an information system. It is dedicated to supporting an integrated assessment in decision-making with the final goal of optimising water scarcity risk reduction and water reuse sustainability. The approach combines the following two strands: (1) specific interpretation of systems thinking and (2) systemic characterisation and interlinkage of indicators. The result is an analytical concept that translates the WS–WR situation into an information system consisting of two structured components, a multi-layer (ML) and a lane-based (LB) approach. While the multi-layer approach supports the description of the elements of the biophysical and information systems such as endpoints and descriptors, respectively, the lane-based approach aids in understanding the importance of indicators within the entire system and their distribution across risk and sustainability realms. The findings from a generic exemplification of the analytical concept depict the feasibility of identifying system-based endpoints representing the WS–WR situation and their translation via descriptors to an interlinked indicator set to jointly assess water scarcity risk and sustainability of the water reuse measures. Therefore, this analytical concept supports addressing the water resources management information challenge via a structured representation of the system’s complexity and the quantification and visualisation of interlinkages between the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of water scarcity risk and water reuse sustainability.
Optimality conditions for robust weak sharp efficient solutions of nonsmooth uncertain multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Kerdkaew Jutamas , Wangkeeree Rabian , Wangkeereee Rattanaporn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate an uncertain multiobjective optimization problem involving nonsmooth and nonconvex functions. The notion of a (local/global) robust weak sharp efficient solution is introduced. Then, we establish necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for local and/or the robust weak sharp efficient solutions of the considered problem. These optimality conditions are presented in terms of multipliers and Mordukhovich/limiting subdifferentials of the related functions.
High spectral resolution multi-tone Spacecraft Doppler tracking software: Algorithms and implementations
Authors: Molera Calvés G. , Pogrebenko S. V. , Wagner J. F. , Cimò G. , Gurvits L. I. , Bocanegra-Bahamón T. M. , Duev D. A. , Nunes N. V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a software package for single-dish data processing of spacecraft signals observed with VLBI-equipped radio telescopes. The Spacecraft Doppler tracking (SDtracker) software allows one to obtain topocentric frequency detections with a sub-Hz precision and reconstructed and residual phases of the carrier signal of any spacecraft or landing vehicle at any location in the Solar System. These data products are estimated using the ground-based telescope’s highly stable oscillator as a reference, without requiring an a priori model of the spacecraft dynamics nor the downlink transmission carrier frequency. The software has been extensively validated in multiple observing campaigns of various deep space missions and is compatible with the raw sample data acquired by any standard VLBI radio telescope worldwide. In this paper, we report the numerical methodology of SDtracker, the technical operations for deployment and usage, and a summary of use cases and scientific results produced since its initial release.
ON THE INCREASING PARTIAL QUOTIENTS OF CONTINUED FRACTIONS OF POINTS IN THE PLANE
Authors: LÜ MEIYING , ZHANG ZHENLIANG 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor any x in
$[0,1)$
, let
$[a_1(x),a_2(x),a_3(x),\ldots ]$
be its continued fraction. Let
$\psi :\mathbb {N}\to \mathbb {R}^+$
be such that
$\psi (n) \to \infty $
as
$n\to \infty $
. For any positive integers s and t, we study the set
$$ \begin{align*}E(\psi)=\{(x,y)\in [0,1)^2: \max\{a_{sn}(x), a_{tn}(y)\}\ge \psi(n) \ {\text{for all sufficiently large}}\ n\in \mathbb{N}\} \end{align*} $$
and determine its Hausdorff dimension.
The technique ‘joint and individual variance explained’ highlights persistent aspects of the diet using longitudinal food frequency data
Authors: Jones M. Beatrix , Merchant Amaan , Morales-Soto Larisa , Thompson John M. D. , Wall Clare R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDietary pattern analysis is typically based on dimension reduction and summarises the diet with a small number of scores. We assess ‘joint and individual variance explained’ (JIVE) as a method for extracting dietary patterns from longitudinal data that highlights elements of the diet that are associated over time. The Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study, in which participants completed an FFQ at ages 3·5 (n549), 7 (n591) and 11 (n617), is used as an example. Data from each time point are projected onto the directions of shared variability produced by JIVE to yield dietary patterns and scores. We assess the ability of the scores to predict future BMI and blood pressure measurements of the participants and make a comparison with principal component analysis (PCA) performed separately at each time point. The diet could be summarised with three JIVE patterns. The patterns were interpretable, with the same interpretation across age groups: a vegetable and whole grain pattern, a sweets and meats pattern and a cerealv. sweet drinks pattern. The first two PCA-derived patterns were similar across age groups and similar to the first two JIVE patterns. The interpretation of the third PCA pattern changed across age groups. Scores produced by the two techniques were similarly effective in predicting future BMI and blood pressure. We conclude that when data from the same participants at multiple ages are available, JIVE provides an advantage over PCA by extracting patterns with a common interpretation across age groups.
Climate change impact on the distribution of Tossa jute using maximum entropy and educational global climate modelling
Authors: Mollah Tanjinul Hoque , Shishir Sharmin , Momotaz  , Rashid Md. Shahedur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTossa (Corchorus olitorius L.) is a significant cash crop, cultivated commercially in the lower flood plain of Bangladesh. The climatic regimes in Bangladesh are changing as well as the world does. However, this species is threatened by climate change. Occurrences of data on threatened and endangered species are frequently sparse which makes it difficult to analyse the species suitable habitat distribution using various modelling approaches. The current paper used maximum entropy (Maxent) and educational global climate model (EdGCM) modelling to predict and conserve the suitable habitat distributions for Tossa species in Bangladesh to the year 2100. Nine environmental variables, 239 occurrence data and two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were used for the Maxent modelling to project the impact of climate change on the Tossa distributions. Furthermore, the EdGCM was used to study the climatic space suitability for the Tossa species in the context of Bangladesh. Both of the climatic scenarios were used for the prediction to the year 2100. The Maxent model performed better than random for the Tossa species with a high AUC value of 0.86. Under the RCP scenarios, the Maxent model predicted habitat reduction for RCP4.5 is 2%, RCP8.5 is 9% and EdGCM is 10.2% from the current localities. The predictive modelling approach presented here is promising and can be applied to other important species for conservation planning, monitoring and management, especially those under the threat of extinction due to climate change.
Multivariate phenomenological models for real-time short-term forecasts of hospital capacity for COVID-19 in Belgium from March to June 2020
Authors: Nguyen M. H. , Braeye T. , Hens N. , Faes C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phenomenological models are popular for describing the epidemic curve. We present how they can be used at different phases in the epidemic, by modelling the daily number of new hospitalisations (or cases). As real-time prediction of the hospital capacity is important, a joint model of the new hospitalisations, number of patients in hospital and in intensive care unit (ICU) is proposed. This model allows estimation of the length of stay in hospital and ICU, even if no (or limited) individual level information on length of stay is available. Estimation is done in a Bayesian framework. In this framework, real-time alarms, defined as the probability of exceeding hospital capacity, can be easily derived. The methods are illustrated using data from the COVID-19 pandemic in March–June 2020 in Belgium, but are widely applicable.
How can risk of COVID-19 transmission be minimised in domiciliary care for older people: development, parameterisation and initial results of a simple mathematical model
Authors: Kiss István Z. , Blyuss Konstantin B. , Kyrychko Yuliya N. , Middleton Jo , Roland Daniel , Bertini Lavinia , Bogen-Johnston Leanne , Wood Wendy , Sharp Rebecca , Forder Julien , Cassell Jackie A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes and analyses a stochastic model for the spread of an infectious disease transmitted between clients and care workers in the UK domiciliary (home) care setting. Interactions between clients and care workers are modelled using specially generated networks, with network parameters reflecting realistic patterns of care needs and visit allocation. These networks are then used to simulate a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered/dead (SEIR/D)-type epidemic dynamics with different numbers of infectious and recovery stages. The results indicate that with the same overall capacity provided by care workers, the minimum peak proportion of infection and the smallest overall size of infection are achieved for the highest proportion of overlap between visit allocation, i.e. when care workers have the highest chances of being allocated a visit to the same client they have visited before. An intuitive explanation of this is that while providing the required care coverage, maximising overlap in visit allocation reduces the possibility of an infectious care worker inadvertently spreading the infection to other clients. The model is generic and can be adapted to any directly transmitted infectious disease, such as, more recently, corona virus disease 2019, provided accurate estimates of disease parameters can be obtained from real data.
Seed recovery and germination rate after gut passage by Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Authors: Lee Seung-Kyung , Shin Woo-Jin , Ahn Sangjin , Kim Youngeun , Kim Jong-Taek , Lee Eun Ju 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge herbivores can disperse seeds over long distances through endozoochory. The Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), an internationally vulnerable species but locally considered a vermin, is a potential endozoochorous seed dispersal vector. In this study, feeding experiments were conducted to test the efficiency of seed dispersal through gut ingestion by the Korean water deer, its temporal pattern and the effect of gut passage on seed recovery and germination rate. Eight plant species, including species that formerly germinated from its faeces, were used to feed three Korean water deer. Once the deer had consumed all the provided seeds, their faeces were collected after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The collected faeces were air-dried, and the number of seeds retrieved from the faeces was counted every 24 h (0–24, 24–48, 48–72 and 72–96 h). Among the eight plant species, six species were retrieved with intact seeds.Panicum bisulcatumhad the highest recovery rate of 33.7%, followed byAmaranthus mangostanus(24.5%) andChenopodium album(14.4%). Most of the seeds were recovered within the 24–48 h time interval. Germination tests were conducted on the ingested and uningested seeds for the four species which had a sufficient recovery rate. The effects of gut passage on seed germination differed according to plant species. The germination rate substantially decreased after gut passage. The results suggest that the Korean water deer can disperse seeds, potentially over long distances albeit at a high cost of low seed recovery and germination rate.