bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain adaptive and fully automated carotid artery atherosclerotic lesion detection using an artificial intelligence approach (LATTE) on 3D MRI
Authors: Chen Li , Zhao Huilin , Jiang Hongjian , Balu Niranjan , Geleri Duygu Baylam , Chu Baocheng , Watase Hiroko , Zhao Xihai , Li Rui , Xu Jianrong , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Xu Dongxiang , Hwang Jenq‐Neng , Yuan Chun 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a domain adaptive and fully automated review workflow (lesion assessment through tracklet evaluation, LATTE) for assessment of atherosclerotic disease in 3D carotid MR vessel wall imaging (MR VWI).MethodsVWI of 279 subjects with carotid atherosclerosis were used to develop LATTE, mainly convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based domain adaptive lesion classification after image quality assessment and artery of interest localization. Heterogeneity in test sets from various sites usually causes inferior CNN performance. With our novel unsupervised domain adaptation (DA), LATTE was designed to accurately classify arteries into normal arteries and early and advanced lesions without additional annotations on new datasets. VWI of 271 subjects from four datasets (eight sites) with slightly different imaging parameters/signal patterns were collected to assess the effectiveness of DA of LATTE using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) on all lesions and advanced lesions before and after DA.ResultsLATTE had good performance with advanced/all lesion classification, with the AUC of >0.88/0.83, significant improvements from >0.82/0.80 if without DA.ConclusionsLATTE can locate target arteries and distinguish carotid atherosclerotic lesions with consistently improved performance with DA on new datasets. It may be useful for carotid atherosclerosis detection and assessment on various clinical sites.
Nonintrusive reduced order model for parametric solutions of inertia relief problems
Authors: Cavaliere Fabiola , Zlotnik Sergio , Sevilla Ruben , Larráyoz Xabier , Díez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Inertia Relief (IR) technique is widely used by industry and produces equilibrated loads allowing to analyze unconstrained systems without resorting to the more expensive full dynamic analysis. The main goal of this work is to develop a computational framework for the solution of unconstrained parametric structural problems with IR and the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method. First, the IR method is formulated in a parametric setting for both material and geometric parameters. A reduced order model using the encapsulated PGD suite is then developed to solve the parametric IR problem, circumventing the so‐called curse of dimensionality. With just one offline computation, the proposed PGD‐IR scheme provides a computational vademecum that contains all the possible solutions for a predefined range of the parameters. The proposed approach is nonintrusive and it is therefore possible to be integrated with commercial finite element (FE) packages. The applicability and potential of the developed technique is shown using a three‐dimensional test case and a more complex industrial test case. The first example is used to highlight the numerical properties of the scheme, whereas the second example demonstrates the potential in a more complex setting and it shows the possibility to integrate the proposed framework within a commercial FE package. In addition, the last example shows the possibility to use the generalized solution in a multi‐objective optimization setting.
Pancreas Cancer-Associated Pain Management
Authors: Coveler Andrew L. , Mizrahi Jonathan , Eastman Bory , Apisarnthanarax Smith “Jim” , Dalal Shalini , McNearney Terry , Pant Shubham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pain is highly prevalent in patients with pancreas cancer and contributes to the morbidity of the disease. Pain may be due to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, obstruction, and/or a direct mass effect on nerves in the celiac plexus. Proper supportive care to decrease pain is an important aspect of the overall management of these patients. There are limited data specific to the management of pain caused by pancreatic cancer. Here we review the literature and offer recommendations regarding multiple modalities available to treat pain in these patients. The dissemination and adoption of these best supportive care practices can improve quantity and quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Implications for Practice
Pain management is important to improve the quality of life and survival of a patient with cancer. The pathophysiology of pain in pancreas cancer is complex and multifactorial. Despite tumor response to chemotherapy, a sizeable percentage of patients are at risk for ongoing cancer-related pain and its comorbid consequences. Accordingly, the management of pain in patients with pancreas cancer can be challenging and often requires a multifaceted approach.
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations
Authors: Stachowicz‐Stencel Teresa , Synakiewicz Anna , Cornet Marianna , Ferrari Andrea , Garassino Marina , Masip Jordi Remon , Rod Julien , Virgone Calogero , Schneider Dominik T. , Brecht Ines B. , Ben‐Ami Tal , Bien Ewa , Reguerre Yves , Godzinski Jan , Bisogno Gianni , Orbach Daniel , Sarnacki Sabine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThymic tumors are epithelial tumors arising from the anterior mediastinum and constitute 0.2–1.5% of all adult malignancies but are exceptional in pediatric population. Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) encompass a variety of histologic subtypes associated with different clinical outcomes. Due to its rarity in children, TETs’ management requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, prognosis remains still poor, especially among patients with thymic carcinoma. This study presents the internationally recognized recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of thymic tumors in children and adolescents, established by the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT) group within the EU‐funded project Paediatric Rare Tumours Network ‐ European Registry (PARTNER).
Thermodynamic analysis as a useful tool to study the physical properties of sweet‐potato starch films reinforced with alginate microparticles
Authors: Acosta‐Domínguez Laura , Salazar Ricardo , Jiménez Maribel , Azuara Ebner 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThermodynamic analysis is a useful instrument for understanding the state of adsorbed water molecules and their influence on the physical and chemical stability of packaging materials during their functioning. This study assesses the effect of alginate microparticles as reinforcement on the water‐adsorption characteristics and physical properties of sweet‐potato starch biopolymer films. Glycerol was utilized as plasticizer. Then, physical stability was evaluated through minimum integral entropy criteria. The incorporation of alginate microparticles significantly decreased (p < 0.05) spin–lattice relaxation times, water‐vapor permeability, and the films' water solubility. Additionally, the adsorption capacity, as well as the physical stability of the films, were increased from 0.38 to 0.63 water activity at 25°C. An antiplasticization effect of water was noted in the water‐activity range, where the adsorption process was entropy‐controlled. Maximal resistance to breakage was enhanced in the minimum integral‐entropy zone. SEM micrographs revealed a rougher surface of reinforced films. Therefore, it is feasible to anticipate the most appropriate water activity where best film performance is achieved, employing minimum integral‐entropy criteria.
The identification and validity of congenital malformation diagnoses in UK electronic health records: A systematic review
Authors: Peppa Maria , Minassian Caroline , Mangtani Punam , Thomas Sara L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the methods used to identify and validate congenital malformation diagnoses recorded in UK electronic health records, and the results of validation studies.MethodsMedline and Embase were searched for publications between 1987 and 2019 that involved identifying congenital malformations from UK electronic health records using diagnostic codes. The methods and code‐lists used to identify congenital malformations, and the methods and results of validations, were examined.ResultsWe retrieved 54 eligible studies; 36 identified congenital malformations from primary care data and 18 from secondary care data alone or in combination with birth and/or death records. Identification in secondary care data relied on codes from the ‘Q’ chapter for congenital malformations in ICD‐10. In contrast, studies using primary care data frequently used additional codes outside of the ‘P’ chapter for congenital malformation diagnoses in Read, although the exact codes used were not always clear. Eight studies validated diagnoses identified in primary care data. The positive predictive value was highest (80%–100%) for congenital malformations overall, major malformations, and heart defects although the validity of the reference standard used was often uncertain. It was lowest for neural tube defects (71%) and developmental hip dysplasia (56%).ConclusionsStudies identifying congenital malformations from primary care data provided limited details about the methods used. The few validation studies were limited to diagnoses recorded in primary care. Further assessments of all measures of validity in both data sources and of other malformation subgroups are needed, using robust reference standards and adhering to reporting guidelines.
RNA interference of Argonaute‐1 delays ovarian development in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Yang Rui‐Lin , Zhang Qiang , Fan Jia‐Yao , Yue Yong , Chen Er‐Hu , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the development of rapid resistance, new modes of action for pesticides are needed for insect control, such as RNAi‐based biopesticides targeting essential genes. To explore the function of Argonaute‐1 (Ago‐1) and potential miRNAs in ovarian development of Bactrocera dorsalis, an important agricultural pest, and to develop a novel control strategy for the pest, BdAgo‐1 was first identified in B. dorsalis.RESULTSSpatiotemporal expression analysis indicated that BdAgo‐1 had a relatively high transcriptional level in the ovarian tissues of adult female B. dorsalis during the sexual maturation period. RNA interference (RNAi) experiment showed that BdAgo‐1 knockdown significantly decreased the expression levels of ovarian development‐related genes and delayed ovarian development. Although RNAi‐mediated silencing of Ago‐1 led to a reduced ovary surface area, a subsequent oviposition assay revealed that the influence was minimal over a longer time period. Small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced from different ovarian developmental stages of B. dorsalis adults. Among 161 identified miRNAs, 84 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the three developmental stages of the B. dorsalis ovary. BdAgo‐1 silencing caused significant down‐regulation of seven differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) showing relatively high expression levels (>1000 TPM (Transcripts per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads)). The expression patterns of these seven core DEMs and their putative target genes were analyzed in the ovaries of B. dorsalis.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that Ago‐1 and Ago‐1‐dependent miRNAs are indispensable for normal ovarian development in B. dorsalis and help identify miRNA targets useful for control of this pest.
Two adjacent mutations in the conserved domain of SdhB confer various resistance phenotypes to fluopyram in Corynespora cassiicola
Authors: Shi Yanxia , Zhu Fadi , Sun Bingxue , Xie Xuewen , Chai Ali , Li Baoju 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei, a necrotrophic pathogen with a broad host range and a worldwide distribution, resistance to fluopyram has been attributed to mutations in SdhB/C/D subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex. In our previous study, two point mutations in SdhB from isoleucine to valine at position 280 (I280V) and histidine to tyrosine at position 278 (H278Y) showed different resistance phenotypes to fluopyram and boscalid. This research was conducted to explore the correlation between the mutation of SdhB‐I280V or SdhB‐H278Y and resistance to fluopyram or boscalid and its effect on the fitness characteristics of C. cassiicola.RESULTSThe sdhB gene in a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)‐sensitive C. cassiicola strain (wild type) was successfully replaced with the mutant sdhB gene (GTT at position 280, SdhB‐I280V) or with the mutant sdhB gene (TAC at position 278, SdhB‐H278Y,). Compared with the wild‐type strain, the replacement mutants exhibited significantly different resistance phenotypes, with SdhB‐V280 demonstrating moderate resistance to fluopyram and low resistance to boscalid, while SdhB‐Y278 was supersensitive to fluopyram and very highly resistant to boscalid. Both of the mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to salt stress and increased SDH activity. These two mutations had no effect on the mycelial growth rate, sporulation ability, pathogenicity in vivo, sensitivity to osmotic stress and oxidative stress, cell wall damaging agents, or SHAM.CONCLUSIONTwo adjacent mutations in the SdhB gene conferred different resistance phenotypes to SDHIs in C. cassiicola, which is important for the development of alternative antifungal fungicides and fluopyram resistance management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Learning Letters: Evidence and Questions From a Science‐of‐Reading Perspective
Authors: Roberts Theresa A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I illustrate how research from cognitive science and the science of reading can inform research on the science of reading instruction. This purpose is accomplished by focusing on four recently published randomized control trials of instruction designed to teach alphabet letters to 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children (N= 342) attending preschool in the United States. Approximately 35% of the children were dual‐language learners. Instruction ranged from 10 to 12 weeks’ duration and was implemented in small groups taught by research assistants. Evidence for the value of explicit instruction in which paired‐associate learning connecting visual letter forms with their verbal letter labels (names and sounds) for learning letters is reviewed. The effectiveness of explicit instruction for promoting children’s motivation and engagement is identified. The relation of these studies to important features of a science of reading is discussed. Collective and individual instructionally related implications from the studies are elaborated, including replicated evidence of the benefit of visual–verbal paired‐associate learning of printed letters and their spoken names or sounds; the positive effects on motivation and engagement of such instruction; and the benefit of decontextualized letter instruction over letter instruction contextualized within storybook reading, real words, and personal names.
Brückenensemble bei Friedrichshafen
Authors: Hofstetter Christian , Graichen Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIm Zuge des Neubaus der Bundesstraße 31 am nördlichen Bodenseeufer waren eine Eisenbahnbrücke und eine benachbarte Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke neu zu errichten. Der Beitrag verbindet die Sicht des Baudurchführenden mit der Sicht des entwerfenden Ingenieurs auf das Projekt. Im Mittelpunkt der technischen Darstellung steht der Entwurfsprozess mit Variantenuntersuchung, statisch‐konstruktiver Durchbildung der Tragwerke und gestalterischen Entscheidungen. Darüber hinaus werden die organisatorischen Abläufe sowie das Zusammenwirken der Beteiligten während der Planungs‐ und Ausführungsphase beleuchtet.
Hosting the Dead: Forensics, Ritual and the Memorialization of Migrant Human Remains in Italy
Authors: Grotti Vanessa , Brightman Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we consider the afterlife of the remains of unidentified migrants who have died while attempting to cross the Mediterranean from Albania and North Africa to Italy. Drawing on insights from long-term, multi-sited field research, we outline paths taken by human remains and consider their multiple agencies and distributed personhood through the relational modalities with which they are symbolically and materially engaged at different scales of significance. The rising number of migrant deaths related to international crossings worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean, has stimulated a large body of scholarship, which generally relies upon a hermeneutics of secular transitional justice and fraternal transnationalism. We explore an alternative approach by focusing on the material and ritual afterlife of unidentified human remains at sea, examining the effects they have on their hosting environment. The treatment of dead strangers (across the double threshold constituted by the passage from life to death on the one hand and the rupture of exile on the other) raises new questions for the anthropology of death. We offer an interpretation of both ad hoc and organized recovery operations and mortuary practices, including forensic identification procedures, and collective and single burials of dead migrants, as acts of hospitality. Hosting the dead operates at different scales: it takes the politically charged form of memorialization at the levels of the state and the local community; however, while remembrance practices for dead strangers emphasize the latter’s status as a collective category, forensic technologies of remembrance are directed toward the reconstruction of (in)dividual personhood. These ritual and technological processes of memorialization and re-attachment together awaken ghosts of Italian fascism and colonialism.
Reconciling Community Livelihood Needs and Biodiversity Conservation in Taita Hills Forests for Improved Livelihoods and Transformational Management of the Landscape
Authors: Wekesa Chemuku , Ndalilo Leila , Manya Carolyne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fragmented forests of Taita Hills form an exceptional multi-functional socio-ecological production landscape with outstanding diversity of flora and fauna that provide ecosystem goods and services supporting human wellbeing and livelihood systems. However, these forests are threatened by illegal logging for wood products and encroachment for crop farming. A study was conducted in villages surrounding five forest fragments to establish the conservation programmes responsible for keeping these forests intact for provision of goods and services to the local communities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 250 respondents in 25 villages surrounding the five forest fragments. Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with key informants actively involved in conservation activities. Results showed that the Taita community conserves the forest fragments through management practices that integrate livelihood needs in conservation, such as butterfly farming, bee-keeping and ecotourism. Additionally, community tree nurseries have been established to produce seedlings for restoring degraded areas, and agroforestry belts have been established on the forests’ edges to provide wood products and protect the forests from encroachment. Likewise, village committees have been established to oversee conservation activities inside the village jurisdictional area. The integrated conservation and livelihood approach has reduced forest destruction, enhanced landscape connectivity for biodiversity conservation, increased incomes, enhanced capacity of the community to adapt to climate change, improved food security, enhanced carbon storage, strengthened traditional knowledge and practices, and ensured availability of clean water for the local population.
New modular invariants in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Green Michael B. , Pufu Silviu S. , Wang Yifan , Wen Congkao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study modular invariants arising in the four-point functions of the stress tensor multiplet operators of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills theory, in the limit where N is taken to be large while the complexified Yang-Mills coupling τ is held fixed. The specific four-point functions we consider are integrated correlators obtained by taking various combinations of four derivatives of the squashed sphere partition function of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2∗ theory with respect to the squashing parameter b and mass parameter m, evaluated at the values b = 1 and m = 0 that correspond to the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theory on a round sphere. At each order in the 1/N expansion, these fourth derivatives are modular invariant functions of (τ,$$ \overline{\tau} $$

τ
¯

). We present evidence that at half-integer orders in 1/N , these modular invariants are linear combinations of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series, while at integer orders in 1/N, they are certain “generalized Eisenstein series” which satisfy inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equations on the hyperbolic plane. These results reproduce known features of the low-energy expansion of the four-graviton amplitude in type IIB superstring theory in ten-dimensional flat space and have interesting implications for the structure of the analogous expansion in AdS5× S5.
Large-charge limit of AdS boson stars with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Guo Shi-Fa , Liu Hai-Shan , Lü H. , Pang Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It was recently shown that charged AdS boson stars can reproduce the universal structure of the lowest scaling dimension in the subsector of a CFT with fixed large global U(1) charge Q. Using the model consisting of Einstein-Maxwell gravity with a negative cosmological constant, coupled to a U(1)-charged conformally massless scalar with the fourth-order self interaction, we construct a class of charged AdS boson star solutions in the large Q limit, where the scalar field obeys a mixed boundary condition, parameterized by k that interpolates between the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions corresponding to k = 0 and ∞ respectively. By varying k, we numerically read off the k dependence of the leading coefficient c3/2(k) ≡ limQ→∞M/Q3/2. We find that c3/2(k) is a monotonously increasing function which grows linearly when k is sufficiently small. When k → ∞, c3/2(k) approaches the maximal value at a decreasing rate given by k−3/2. We also obtain a close form expression that fits the numerical data for the entire range of k within 10−4 accuracy.