bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered Nanocomposite Islands for Nanospeckle Illumination Microscopy in Wide‐Field Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Yoo Hajun , Lee Hongki , Rhee Woo Joong , Moon Gwiyeong , Lee Changhun , Lee Seung Ah , Shin Jeon‐Soo , Kim Donghyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanospeckle illumination microscopy (NanoSIM) based on disordered metallic nanocomposite island substrates is described. The nanoisland substrates can be fabricated without lithographic techniques. Azimuthal scanning illumination of nanoislands creates near‐field distribution that excites an arbitrary number of basis images to produce super‐resolution. Experimental studies of point‐spread images using NanoSIM with 360 basis images obtained by azimuthal scanning find spatial resolution improved by more than three times with an achievable full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum at 81.1 nm on average. The approach is confirmed by imaging aggregated nanobeads and nanoscale distribution of gangliosides on the HeLa cell membrane.
Nonequilibrium Induced by Reservoirs: Physico‐Mathematical Models and Numerical Tests
Authors: Klein Rupert , Ebrahimi Viand Roya , Höfling Felix , Delle Site Luigi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn a recently proposed computational model of open molecular systems out of equilibrium the action of different reservoirs enters as a linear sum into the Liouville‐type evolution equations for the open system's statistics. The linearity of the coupling is common to different mathematical models of open systems and essentially relies on neglecting the feedback of the system onto the reservoir due to their interaction. In this paper, the range of applicability of the computational model is tested with a linear coupling to two different reservoirs, which induces a nonequilibrium situation. To this end, the density profiles of Lennard–Jones liquids in large thermal gradients are studied using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with open boundaries. The authors put in perspective the formulation of an extension of the mathematical model that can account for nonlinear effects.
Explaining the Fill‐Factor and Photocurrent Losses of Nonfullerene Acceptor‐Based Solar Cells by Probing the Long‐Range Charge Carrier Diffusion and Drift Lengths
Authors: Tokmoldin Nurlan , Vollbrecht Joachim , Hosseini Seyed Mehrdad , Sun Bowen , Perdigón‐Toro Lorena , Woo Han Young , Zou Yingping , Neher Dieter , Shoaee Safa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSC) nowadays match their inorganic competitors in terms of current production but lag behind with regards to their open‐circuit voltage loss and fill‐factor, with state‐of‐the‐art OSCs rarely displaying fill‐factor of 80% and above. The fill‐factor of transport‐limited solar cells, including organic photovoltaic devices, is affected by material and device‐specific parameters, whose combination is represented in terms of the established figures of merit, such as θ and α. Herein, it is demonstrated that these figures of merit are closely related to the long‐range carrier drift and diffusion lengths. Further, a simple approach is presented to devise these characteristic lengths using steady‐state photoconductance measurements. This yields a straightforward way of determining θ and α in complete cells and under operating conditions. This approach is applied to a variety of photovoltaic devices—including the high efficiency nonfullerene acceptor blends—and show that the diffusion length of the free carriers provides a good correlation with the fill‐factor. It is, finally, concluded that most state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells exhibit a sufficiently large drift length to guarantee efficient charge extraction at short circuit, but that they still suffer from too small diffusion lengths of photogenerated carriers limiting their fill factor.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Benzannulations: Mechanism and Synthetic Utility
Authors: Sharique Mohammed , Tambar Uttam K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAromatic compounds are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical agents and other functional materials. Therefore, synthetic methods to construct highly functionalized aromatic frameworks have attracted considerable attention, especially when utilizing acyclic precursors instead of pre‐existing benzenoid cores. A plethora of methods exist in the literature for the construction of substituted aromatic products by using transition metal catalysis and base‐promoted benzannulation reactions starting from acyclic precursors. In recent years, organocatalytic approaches such as N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis have emerged as effective tools for the efficient and regioselective construction of highly functionalized aryl rings under metal‐free and mild reaction conditions. The fundamental objective of this minireview is to highlight the synthetic potential of NHC‐catalyzed benzannulations for the generation of aromatic rings with complex substitution patterns and to discuss these reactions from the perspective of their mechanistic design.
Rhodium‐terpyridine Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Water
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Miao Wang , Tang Weijun , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang , Wang Chao , Li Changzhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA rhodium terpyridine complex catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines with i‐PrOH as hydrogen source and water as solvent has been developed. The catalytic system can work at a substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratio of 2000, with a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 3360 h−1, which represents one of the most active catalytic transfer hydrogenation systems for nitroarene reduction. The catalytic system is operationally simple and the protocol could be scaled up to 20 gram scale. The water‐soluble catalyst bearing a carboxyl group could be recycled 15 times without significant loss of activity.
Critical comments on publications by S. Hoffmann and N. Vogt on historical novae/supernovae and their candidates
Authors: Neuhäuser Ralph , Neuhäuser Dagmar L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe critically discuss recent articles by S. Hoffmann and N. Vogt on historical novae and supernovae (SNe) as well as their list of “24 most promising events” “with rather high probability to be a nova” (Hoffmann et al., AN, 2020, 341, 79 (P3)). Their alleged positional accuracy of previously suggested historical nova/SN records is based on inhomogeneous datasets (Vogt et al.), but then used for the nova search in Hoffmann et al., AN, 2020, 341, 79 (P3). Their claim that previously only “point coordinates” for nova/SN candidates were published, is fabricated. Their estimate of expected nova detection rates is off by a factor of 10 due to mis‐calculation. They accept counterparts down to 4–7 mag at peak, which is against the consensus for the typical limit of naked‐eye discovery. When they discuss previously suggested identifications of historical novae, which they all doubt, they do not present new facts (Hoffmann, MNRAS, 2019, 490, 4194 (P2)). Their catalog of “24 most promising events” for novae (Hoffmann et al., AN, 2020, 341, 79 (P3)) neglects important recent literature (e.g. Pankenier et al., Archeoastronomy in East Asia, New York, Cambria, 2008 and Stephenson and Green, JHA, 2009, 40, 31), the claimed methods are not followed, etc. At least half of their short‐list candidates were and are to be considered comets. For many of the others, duration of more than one night and/or a precise position is missing and/or the sources were treated mistakenly. Two “highlights,” a fabricated SN AD 667–8 and a presumable recurrent nova in AD 891, are already rejected in detail in Neuhäuser et al., MNRAS, 2021a, 501, L1—in both cases, all evidence speaks in favor of comets. There remains only one reliable case, where close to one (possible) historically reported position, a nova shell was already found (AD 1437, Shara et al., Nature, 2017b, 548, 558). Since the proposed positional search areas are not justified due to unfounded textual interpretations (e.g. in fact comets), misunderstandings of historical Chinese astronomy (e.g. incorrect asterism), follow‐up observations cannot be recommended.
Design and strategy for spectrofluorimetric determination of tranexamic acid in its authentic form and pharmaceutical preparations: application to spiked human plasma
Authors: Anwer Ebtehal F. , Nour El‐Deen Deena A. M. , Omar Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA creative, very sensitive and noncomplicated spectrofluorimetric technique was established and further validated to determine tranexamic acid in both its authentic form and its pharmaceutical preparation dosage forms. In the introduced technique, a reaction was found between the aliphatic primary amino group of tranexamic acid and ninhydrin/phenylacetaldehyde reagents in the presence of Torell and Steinhagen buffer pH 7.0, which led to the production of a highly fluorescent product; fluorescence intensity was measured at 475 nm after excitation at 391 nm. A calibration curve was drawn with a linear range of 0.3–2 μg/ml. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.051 and 0.155 μg/ml respectively. The introduced technique was validated based on the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and agreed for determination of tranexamic acid in its pharmaceutical formulation. Finally, this simple method was also applied for determination of tranexamic acid in spiked human plasma.
Personality profile of individual sports champions
Authors: Piepiora Paweł 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch on personality in sport is popular because it allows you to forecast the greediness of actions in sports competition situations. The purpose of this paper is to determine which personality traits characterize individual sports champions.Materials and MethodsThe subjects of the research were Polish athletes (N = 600) between 20 and 29 years of age from 20 individual sports disciplines (each n = 30). Then, a sample of champions (n = 56) and other individual disciplines athletes (n = 544) was selected from the study population. The Big Five model was used to examine their personality (NEO‐FFI).ResultsIndividual sports champions were characterized by a lower level of neuroticism, a higher level of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness in relation to other athletes.ConclusionEach sports discipline is characterized by slightly different psychological requirements for athletes. The undertaken sports activity shapes the personality, and the shaped personality traits have an impact on taking solutions in the starting situation. The level of intensity of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness may determine the result in competition in individual sports.
Task‐induced brain functional connectivity as a representation of schema for mediating unsupervised and supervised learning dynamics in language acquisition
Authors: Akama Hiroyuki , Yuan Yixin , Awazu Shunji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionBased on the schema theory advanced by Rumelhart and Norman, we shed light on the individual variability in brain dynamics induced by hybridization of learning methodologies, particularly alternating unsupervised learning and supervised learning in language acquisition. The concept of “schema” implies a latent knowledge structure that a learner holds and updates as intrinsic to his or her cognitive space for guiding the processing of newly arriving information.MethodsWe replicated the cognitive experiment of Onnis and Thiessen on implicit statistical learning ability in language acquisition but included additional factors of prosodic variables and explicit supervised learning. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed to identify the functional network connections for schema updating by alternately using unsupervised and supervised artificial grammar learning tasks to segment potential words.ResultsRegardless of the quality of task performance, the default mode network represented the first stage of spontaneous unsupervised learning, and the wrap‐up accomplishment for successful subjects of the whole hybrid learning in concurrence with the task‐related auditory language networks. Furthermore, subjects who could easily “tune” the schema for recording a high task precision rate resorted even at an early stage to a self‐supervised learning, or “superlearning,” as a set of different learning mechanisms that act in synergy to trigger widespread neuro‐transformation with a focus on the cerebellum.ConclusionsInvestigation of the brain dynamics revealed by functional connectivity imaging analysis was able to differentiate the synchronized neural responses with respect to learning methods and the order effect that affects hybrid learning.
Sequential induction chemotherapy plus intensity‐modulated radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the three‐year report of a phase II, single center, randomized, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Yang Zhining , Cai Zeman , Cai Qingxin , Hong Yingji , Zhang Cuidai , Huang Kaichun , Lin Zhixiong , Li Mei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo compare the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) alone versus concurrent CCRT in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC). Patients with newly diagnosed stage III to IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were randomized to receive IC plus IMRT (IC+RT arm), or concurrent chemotherapy plus IMRT (CCRT arm), using a random number table. Both treatment arms received the same chemotherapy regimen. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), treatment response, and acute treatment toxicities. From June 2013 to September 2018, a total of 204 patients histologically diagnosed with LA‐NPC were enrolled in the study, with 102 patients randomly assigned to each arm. After a median follow‐up duration of 45 months (range 4 to 84 months), the 3‐year PFS, OS, LRRFS and DMFS were 72.2%, 87.8%, 92.3%, and 82.7% in the IC+RT arm, compared with 82.6%, 92.8%, 94.7%, and 88.2% in the CCRT arm. No statistical difference for PFS, OS, LRRFS, DMFS, or treatment response was observed between the two arms (p > 0.05). The incidences of leukopenia (p = 0.008) and anemia (p = 0.015) were significantly higher in patients in the CCRT arm than those in the IC+RT arm. Compared to CCRT, IC plus IMRT alone provided similarly favorable treatment outcomes in terms of PFS, OS, LRRFS, and DMFS for patients with LA‐NPC, but resulted in fewer incidences of leukopenia and anemia.
Spatial cytotoxic and memory T cells in tumor predict superior survival outcomes in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Xu Qing , Zhang Xiangyun , Yang Moran , Wang Yiying , He Mengdi , Lu Jiaqi , Liu Haiou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the association between tumor‐infiltrating CD3+ T and CD8+ T cells and superior survival in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has been observed, the different spatial localization of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) possesses heterogeneous effects. We performed localized measurements in 260 HGSOC from 2 independent cohorts represented in tissue microarray format to determine the localized expression pattern and clinical significance of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD45RO+ cells in HGSOC. Different density of spatial localization of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD45RO+ cells exhibited heterogeneous association with OS. The combination of the center of the tumor and invasive margin localized CD8+T cells (CD8CT&IM) with the same margin localized CD45RO (CD45ROCT&IM) was the most robust prognostic predictor. Immune score (IS) was constructed by integrating FIGO stage with CD8CT&IM and CD45ROIM&CT and had the best prognostic value in HGSOC. The low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐IS groups were observed in 44.7%, 41.6%, and 13.7% of patients, respectively. Low‐IS identified patients were at higher risk of death compared to high‐IS identified patients (HR = 12.426; 95% CI 5.317–29.039, p < 0.001); meanwhile, we evaluate the RMSTs over 10 years of follow‐up and obtained RMST values of 104.09 months (95% CI 96.31–111.87 months) in the high‐IS group, 75.26 months (95% CI 59.92–90.60 months) in the intermediate‐IS group, and 48.68 months (95%CI 38.82–58.54 months) in the low‐IS group. In general, spatial localization can modulate the clinical effects of TILs in HGSOC. Thus, the spatial expression of CD8 and CD45RO could aid clinicians to determine the follow‐up plan of patients with HGSOC.
From cranial nerve palsy to seizures—All the signs that lead to secondary Fahr’s syndrome
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Sobreira , Ferreira Ana , Castro Laura , Fernandes Magda , Cotter Jorge 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeuroimaging scan and calcium/phosphorus metabolism evaluation should be considered in patients with new onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, to provide an earliest detection of pathological and metabolic alterations, such as Fahr's syndrome.
Unrecognized perforation into the anterior interventricular vein complicating PCI for anterior STEMI: An unexpected detour
Authors: Rothstein Eric S. , Frampton Jennifer , Devries James T. , Young Michael N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge iatrogenic coronary artery perforations require rapid management; however, operators must be able to recognize guidewire perforation into cardiac veins in order to avoid causing further complications with standard salvage strategies.
Epstein–Barr virus positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma transformed into angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma after treatment
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Gong Yi , Jiang Qingming , Liang Xiping , Chen Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is the subtype of mature T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Compared with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), AITL patients are frequently accompanied with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. To date, there is no report on the subsequent development of AITL in patients with EBV‐positive DLBCL. We performed a rare case of EBV‐positive AITL developing one year after initial diagnosis of EBV‐positive DLBCL. The patient showed poor response to the chemotherapy regimen, and poor survival.
Lump at the back of my tongue. The lingual thyroid–A case report and narrative review of literature
Authors: Jabbour Joe , Agostinho Nelson , Bains Harinder K. , Earls Peter , Killen Louise , Perera Ruwan , Sirigiri Ranga , Ridha Hayder 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the ectopic thyroid in adults is rarely symptomatic, biochemistry and imaging workup are essential. Treatment modality of choice is dependent on patient factors, institution factors and surgeon factors. The mainstay treatment involves hormone suppression treatment with exogenous thyroid hormone. If medical management is unsuccessful, surgical excision requires an experienced team including an anaesthetist and otolaryngologist. Anaesthetic considerations are important because intubation may be a potentially difficult procedure secondary to potential serious obstruction of the upper airway. We present a case report and narrative review of the literature regarding lingual thyroid workup and management.
Successful catheter ablation approach above the aortic sinus cusp eliminating a ventricular arrhythmia arising from the myocardial crescent beneath the interleaflet triangle: Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging assessment
Authors: Kiuchi Kunihiko , Izawa Yu , Toh Hiroyuki , Takami Mitsuru , Fukuzawa Koji , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 61‐year‐old female with 50 000 ventricular premature contractions and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% was referred to our center. Although the origin was considered to originate from the junction between the left and right coronary cusp, a single radiofrequency application above the aortic sinus cusp could eliminate it. LGE‐MRI was able to reveal the exact location of the single RF lesion.
A case report on serendipitous diagnosis of wilson’s disease in a child with brucellosis and pseudomonal infection
Authors: Malbul Kiran , Katwal Srijana , Khetan Saurav , Aryal Nirjala 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWilson's disease can have varied clinical manifestations and initial presentation can be misleading as in our case. Our case depicts the necessity of suspicion of WD in variable presentation of liver disorders, especially in pediatrics population.
Primary breast lymphoma initially diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Uenaka Natsuki , Yamamoto Shinya , Sato Seiya , Kudo Takamichi , Adachi Shoko , Narui Kazutaka , Tanabe Mikiko , Yamada Akimitsu , Ishikawa Takashi , Endo Itaru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA malignant tumor in the breast may not be conclusive of breast cancer. It is important to keep the possibility of primary breast lymphoma in rare scenarios. For the diagnosis of primary breast lymphoma, immunohistochemical staining is necessary.
Identification and Rational Engineering of a High Substrate‐Tolerant Leucine Dehydrogenase Effective for the Synthesis of L‐tert‐Leucine
Authors: Meng Xiangqi , Yang Lin , Liu Yan , Wang Hualei , Shen Yaling , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids by leucine dehydrogenases has great potential for industrialization; however, the inhibitory effect of high‐concentration substrates limits its large‐scale application. Herein, using structure‐guided genome mining based on sequence‐structure prediction of substrate tolerance and specificity, a novel leucine dehydrogenase (LaLeuDH) from Labrenzia aggregate was identified and characterized, which exhibited the highest substrate tolerance and excellent activity to trimethyl pyruvate, even at 1.5 M concentration. Moreover, based on coenzyme binding structural information and sequence alignment, directed evolution of LaLeuDH was performed to increase affinity for NADH. The obtained variant D153 N/H191 N resulted in 25‐fold improved affinity for NADH, with 50‐fold enhanced catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 40464.6 mM−1 s−1. Finally, through a combination of the above two strategies, as high as 1.5 M substrate could be completely converted in 18 h without coenzyme addition, demonstrating that this engineered enzyme has promising prospects for industrialization.
Einfluss von Randspalt und Randabweiser auf die Fluiddynamik einer Messzelle zur HETP‐Bestimmung
Authors: Plate Dominik , Brinkmann Jost Henning , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDer Scale‐up strukturierter Packungskolonnen ist ein zeit‐ und kostenintensiver Prozess. Um den Aufwand zur Ermittlung packungsspezifischer Kennzahlen zu reduzieren, wurde eine Messzelle für strukturierte Packungen entwickelt. Diese ermöglicht es charakteristische Bestandteile einer Packungskolonne im Labor‐Maßstab abzubilden. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird der Einfluss der bei Packungskolonnen üblichen Randabweiser und des Abstands zwischen Wand und Packung auf die Fluiddynamik in der Messzelle untersucht.
Synthesis of Chimeric Thiazolo‐Nootkatone Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Alkhaibari Ibrahim S. , Raj K. C. Hansa , Alnufaie Rawan , Gilmore David , Alam Mohammad A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNootkatone, an approved insecticide, is a well‐known natural product from grapefruit. A series of fused‐thiazole derivatives of nootkatone have been synthesized, and these new compounds were tested against several strains of bacteria. Some of these compounds are found to be potent antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 1.56 μg/mL. The lead compound is bactericidal and very potent against S. aureus persisters. These compounds are nontoxic to human cancer cell lines at 10 μm concentration.