bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ibogaine Blocks Cue- and Drug-Induced Reinstatement of Conditioned Place Preference to Ethanol in Male Mice
Authors: Henriques Gabrielle M. , Anjos-Santos Alexia , Rodrigues Isa R. S. , Nascimento-Rocha Victor , Reis Henrique S. , Libarino-Santos Matheus , Barros-Santos Thaísa , Yokoyama Thais S. , Bertagna Natalia B. , Favoretto Cristiane A. , Moraes Célia R. G. , Cruz Fábio C. , Barbosa Paulo C. R. , Marinho Eduardo A. V. , Oliveira-Lima Alexandre J. , Berro Laís F. 
Published: September 2021

Ibogaine is a psychedelic extracted from the plant Tabernanthe iboga Baill. (Apocynaceae), natural from Africa, and has been proposed as a potential treatment for substance use disorders. In animal models, ibogaine reduces ethanol self-administration. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of ibogaine on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated treatment with ibogaine on the reinstatement of CPP to ethanol in male mice. The rewarding effects of ethanol (1.8 g/kg, i. p.) or ibogaine (10 or 30 mg/kg, p. o.) were investigated using the CPP model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of repeated treatment with ibogaine (10 or 30 mg/kg, p. o.) on the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. Reinstatement was evaluated under two conditions: 1) during a priming injection re-exposure test in which animals received a priming injection of ethanol and had free access to the CPP apparatus; 2) during a drug-free test conducted 24 h after a context-paired re-exposure, in which subjects received an injection of ethanol and were confined to the compartment previously conditioned to ethanol. Our results show that ethanol, but not ibogaine, induced CPP in mice. Treatment with ibogaine after conditioning with ethanol blocked the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP, both during a drug priming reinstatement test and during a drug-free test conducted after re-exposure to ethanol in the ethanol-paired compartment. Our findings add to the literature suggesting that psychedelics, in particular ibogaine, may have therapeutic properties for the treatment of alcohol use disorder at doses that do not have rewarding effects per se.
Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals Hirudin Potentiates Anti-Renal Fibrosis Efficacy in UUO Rats
Authors: Yu Hang-Xing , Lin Wei , Yang Kang , Wei Li-Juan , Chen Jun-Li , Liu Xin-Yue , Zhong Ke , Chen Xin , Pei Ming , Yang Hong-Tao 
Published: September 2021

Background: Hirudin has been widely used in the treatment of antifibrosis. Previous studies have shown that hirudin can effectively improve the clinical remission rate of chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanism of its renal protection has not been systematically investigated.Methods: In this study, the reliability of UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by histopathological verification. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hirudin, differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, and their functions were analyzed by GO analysis and GSEA. In addition, the RNA-seq results were validated by in vitro and vivo experiments.Results: We found 322 identical differential expressed genes (IDEs) in the UUO hirudin-treated group compared with the sham group. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that cellular amino acid metabolic processes were the most obvious enrichment pathways in biological processes. In terms of molecular functional enrichment analysis, IDEs were mainly enriched in coenzyme binding, pyridoxal phosphate binding and other pathways. In addition, microbody is the most obvious pathway for cellular components. A total of 115 signaling pathways were enriched, and AMPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were the important signaling pathways enriched. We found that PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR expression were significantly reduced by hirudin treatment. In particular, our results showed that hirudin could induce a decrease in the expression of autophagy-related proteins such as P62, LC3, Beclin-1 in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E cells.Conclusion: Our results suggest that hirudin may protect the kidney by ameliorating renal autophagy impairment through modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Autophagy Is Involved in Stellate Ganglion Block Reversing Posthemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph-Mediated Vascular Hyporeactivity
Authors: Wang Chen , Du Hui-Bo , Zhao Zhen-Ao , Zhai Jia-Yi , Zhang Li-Min , Niu Chun-Yu , Zhao Zi-Gang 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of autophagy in stellate ganglion block (SGB) reversing posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML)-mediated vascular hyporeactivity.Methods: Hemorrhagic shock model in conscious rats was employed to observe the effects of SGB (0.2 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 30 mg/kg) on the vascular reactivity of second-order rat mesenteric arteries in vitro, while the effects of PHSML (1 ml/kg) and autophagy agonist rapamycin (Rapa, 10 mg/kg) on the beneficial effect of SGB were investigated. The cellular viability, contractility, and autophagy-related protein expressions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were detected following treatments of PHSML, PHSML obtained from the rats that underwent hemorrhagic shock plus SGB (PHSML-SGB), and PHSML plus 3-MA (5 mM), respectively.Results: Hemorrhagic shock significantly decreased the vascular reactivity to gradient norepinephrine (NE), which is reversed by the SGB treatment and 3-MA administration. On the contrary, PHSML intravenous infusion and Rapa administration inhibited the vascular contractile responses in rats that underwent hemorrhagic shock plus SGB treatment. PHSML treatment significantly inhibited the cellular viability and contractility in VSMCs, increased the expressions of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and decreased the expression of p62, along with opposite appearances in these indices following PHSML-SGB treatment. In addition, 3-MA counteracted the adverse roles of PHSML in these indices in VSMCs.Conclusion: SGB inhibits PHSML-mediated vascular hyporeactivity by reducing the excessive autophagy in VSMCs.
Perspectives of Policymakers on the Introduction and Scale-Up of HIV Self-Testing and Implication for National HIV Programming in Ghana
Authors: Nagai Henry , Tagoe Henry , Tun Waimar , Adiibokah Edward , Ankomah Augustine , Rahman Yussif Ahmed Abdul , Addo Stephen Ayisi , Atuahene Stephen Kyeremeh , Essandoh Emmanuel , Kowalski Mark 
Published: September 2021

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) has the potential to greatly increase HIV testing uptake, particularly among key populations (KPs) at higher risk for HIV. Studies have shown high acceptability and feasibility of HIVST among various target populations globally. However, less is known about the perspectives of policymakers, who are critical to the success of HIVST implementation. Their views on barriers to the introduction and scale-up of self-testing are critical to understand in order for HIVST to become part of the national HIV guidelines. We sought to understand policymakers' perspectives of challenges and facilitators to the introduction of HIVST at the client and structural levels.Method: Key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with national and regional level policymakers involved in the HIV response. Twenty policymakers were purposively selected from Greater Accra (capital) and Brong-Ahafo (outlying) regions. Qualitative content analysis was used to arrive at the results after the verbatim transcripts were coded.Results: Client-level challenges included lack of pre-test counseling, the need for confirmatory testing if reactive, potential for poor linkage to care and treatment, and client-level facilitator from policy makers' perspectives included increase testing modality that would increase testing uptake. Structural-level challenges mentioned by policymakers were lack of a national policy and implementation guidelines on HIVST, cost of HIVST kits, supply chain management of HIVST commodities, data monitoring and reporting of positive cases. The structural-level appeal of HIVST to policymakers were the reduced burden on health system and HIVST's contribution to achieving testing targets. Despite the challenges mentioned, policymakers unanimously favored and called for the introduction of HIVST in Ghana.Conclusions: Findings indicate that a non-conventional HIV testing strategy such as HIVST is highly acceptable to policymakers. However, successful introduction of HIVST hinges on having national guidelines in place and stakeholder consultations to address various individual and structural -level implementation issues.
The Myth of Median Nerve in Forearm and Its Role in Double Crush Syndrome: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Abdalbary Sahar A. , Abdel-Wahed Mohamed , Amr Sherif , Mahmoud Mostafa , El-Shaarawy Ehab A. A. , Salaheldin Safinaz , Fares Amal 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aims to histologically compare the median nerve in the arm, forearm, and wrist, to help understand how cervical radiculopathy in a double crush phenomenon causes distal nerve dysfunction at the carpal tunnel and median nerve with concurrent absence of symptoms at the forearm.Methods: The study was performed on 12 fresh cadaveric upper limbs free from any injury or operation. Male cadavers in the age range of 35–40 years were used. The dissection of the median nerve and the histological examination of the specimens from the arm, forearm, and wrist were conducted to evaluate variations in the epineurium thickness (μm), perineurium thickness (μm), number of fascicles per nerve trunk, area percent of myelin covering, and area percent of neurolemmal sheath.Results: Morphometric and statistical results of the cadaveric median nerve trunk revealed that the mean epineurium and perineurium thickness measured in H&amp;E-stained sections in the forearm were significantly greater than those in the arm and wrist specimens. Further, the mean percent area of the myelin covering in the forearm was significantly lower than that in the arm and wrist specimens in the sections stained with osmium oxide (p &lt; 0.001). There were, however, no significant differences in the neurolemmal sheath among the arm, forearm, and wrist specimens in the silver-stained sections.Conclusion: The histological differences explained the high concomitant occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cervical radiculopathy and the concurrent absence of symptoms at the forearm. Hence, we suggest cautious evaluation of patients with upper limb symptoms, since the management of these conditions requires a different approach.
Risk Factors of Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy With Intrathoracic Anastomosis
Authors: Li Huan , Zhuang Shimin , Yan Honghong , Wei Wenxiao , Su Quanguan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Anastomotic leakage is one of the most common complications of esophagectomy, it serves as one of the main causes of postoperative death of esophageal cancer. It is of clinical significance to try to discover the risk factors that cause anastomotic leakage.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1,257 consecutive esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis from January 2010 to December 2015 at a high volume cancer center. Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis, Spearman rank correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to identify the risk factors to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage and the length of hospital stay.Results: Intrathoracic anastomotic leakage occurred in 98 patients (7.8%). Older patients were more likely to develop anastomotic leakage. Patients with diabetes had a higher leakage rate. Intrathoracic anastomotic leakage, old age as well as comorbidities were associated with longer hospital stay.Conclusion: Our study suggested that old age and diabetes were risk factors to intrathoracic anastomotic leakage. In-hospital stay would be lengthened by intrathoracic anastomotic leakage, old age and comorbidities.
Technical Case Report of a Cranioplasty With ex vivo Frozen Ostoblastic Bone Graft From Large Skull Metastasis
Authors: Perng Pang-Shuo , Lee Po-Hsuan , Hsu Hao-Hsiang , Huang Chi-Chen , Huang Chih-Yuan , Lee Jung-Shun 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy has shown efficacy in the treatment of bone tumors of the extremities with good oncologic and functional outcomes. However, its application in metastatic skull tumors has been rarely reported and whether the adjuvant radiotherapy affects the future bone healing is not yet explored. We report an immediate cranioplasty with the resected osteoblastic bone, which underwent ex vivo cryotherapy, and discuss the surgical techniques and postoperative images.Methods: A 58-year-old man with esophageal adenocarcinoma, undergoing chemoradiotherapy, presented with a rapidly enlarging scalp mass for 5 months. Imaging revealed an enhancing mass, centered in the frontal skull bone with extracranial and intracranial invasion, suggestive of osteoblastic metastasis. After preoperative transarterial embolization, the tumor was excised en bloc. Immediate cranioplasty was performed with the osteoblastic bone graft after ex vivo cryotherapy. It was soaked in liquid nitrogen for 20 min, thawed at room temperature for 15 min, and soaked in povidone-iodine solution for 10 min. Then, the bone graft was fixed to its original place. Pathologic examination revealed metastasis originating from the esophagus. He underwent adjuvant radiotherapy for local tumor control.Results: He had an uneventful clinical course without any neurologic deficit. Brain imaging during the six-month follow-up showed no tumor recurrence and partial bony union.Conclusions: Cranioplasty using an autologous bone graft with ex vivo cryotherapy was helpful in the reconstruction of osteoblastic metastatic skull tumor treatment. It was a simple and cost-effective procedure that achieved satisfactory cosmetic results without negatively impacting bone healing, even after adjuvant radiotherapy.
Reproducibility of mRNA-Based Testing of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer—A Europe-Wide External Quality Assessment
Authors: Erber Ramona , Hartmann Arndt , Fasching Peter Andreas , Ruebner Matthias , Stöhr Robert , Beckmann Matthias Wilhelm , Zentgraf Miriam , Popp Verena , Weidler Jodi , Simon Iris , Becker Steffi , Huebner Hanna , Fischer Josephine , Guerini Rocco Elena , Viale Giuseppe , Cayre Anne , Penault-Llorca Frederique , Caniego Casas Tamara , Pérez-Miés Belén , Palacios José , Jank Paul , Denkert Carsten , Khoury Lina , Mairinger Thomas , Ferrazzi Fulvia 
Published: September 2021

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki-67, and HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) together with HER2 in situ hybridization (ISH) are utilized to classify invasive breast cancer (IBC) into predictive molecular subtypes. As IHC evaluation may be hampered by analytical errors, gene expression assays could offer a reliable alternative. In this first Europe-wide external quality assessment (EQA) study, we investigated performance of mRNA-based Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 (CE-IVD) in five European laboratories. The cohort comprised ten pre-therapy IBC core biopsies diagnosed in the coordinating center (CC). STRAT4 binary (positive or negative) mRNA results of each marker (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, MKI67) were compared with the gold standard IHC/ISH performed by the CC. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA were 100% for all samples. In contrast, PGR expression was falsely negative for one case by two sites and MKI67 falsely negative for two cases (respectively by four and one sites). These cases had STRAT4 expression values close to assay cut-offs and immunohistochemically presented heterogeneous low positive PgR and heterogeneous Ki-67. Our EQA shows that STRAT4 mRNA assay may be a reproducible method to evaluate ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki-67 status. However, cases with expression values close to assay cut-offs should be carefully reviewed.
On the Moment Problem and Related Problems
Authors: Olteanu Octav 
Published: September 2021

Firstly, we recall the classical moment problem and some basic results related to it. By its formulation, this is an inverse problem: being given a sequence (yj)j∈ℕn of real numbers and a closed subset F⊆ℝn, n∈{1,2,…}, find a positive regular Borel measure μ on F such that ∫Ftjdμ=yj, j∈ℕn. This is the full moment problem. The existence, uniqueness, and construction of the unknown solution μ are the focus of attention. The numbers yj, j∈ℕn are called the moments of the measure μ. When a sandwich condition on the solution is required, we have a Markov moment problem. Secondly, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to some full Markov moment problems. If the moments yj are self-adjoint operators, we have an operator-valued moment problem. Related results are the subject of attention. The truncated moment problem is also discussed, constituting the third aim of this work.
Doenças neurodegenerativas em adultos e idosos: um estudo epidemiológico descritivo
Authors: Guedes da Paz Erivânia , De Jesus da Silva Mendes Daiana , Nogueira Brito Sabrina , Oliveira Barbosa Wilames 
Published: September 2021

Introdução. As doenças neurodegenerativas correspondem a moléstias causadas pela perda progressiva de neurônios nas estruturas do sistema nervoso, resultando em alterações funcionais gradativas. Objetivo. Descrever variáveis referentes as doenças neurodegenerativas em adultos e idosos no Brasil. Método. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, construído a partir de dados coletados do Departamento de Informática do SUS, através da ferramenta TabNet. Foram incluídas, por meio da lista de morbidade CID-10, a doença de Alzheimer, doença de Parkinson e esclerose múltipla. Resultados. No período de dezembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020, as internações por doenças neurodegenerativas totalizaram quase 51 mil casos, configurando aproximadamente 570 mil dias de permanência e pouco mais de 3 mil registros de óbitos. Conclusão. Verificou-se uma tendência crescente nos registros de internações por doenças neurodegenerativas, bem como no número de óbitos. observa-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos em medidas que proporcionem um envelhecimento saudável.
FROM DIGITAL PROFILE TO DIGITAL IMMORTALITY: CONCEPTUALIZING THE PROBLEM FIELD
Authors: Рудова А. А. 
Published: September 2021

Идея смерти и бессмертия всегда волновала человечество и всегда была предметом философского осмысления, в связи с этим в философии существует множество различных концепций бессмертия: бессмертие как воспроизводство своего рода (бессмертие в потомках); сохранение (мумификация) тела; религиозное бессмертие души; бессмертие как результат творчества или совершения каких-либо значимых действий. Стремительное развитие технологий влечет за собой формирование нового типа мышления и вносит изменения в социокультурные отношения. Рассматриваемая в данной статье концепция «цифрового бессмертия» является предметом исследования философии науки не только потому, что современные технологии оказывают воздействие на сознание человека, но и в связи с тем, что данное направление исследований ставит своей целью сохранение, копирование, возможно воссоздание сознания человека.
The idea of death and immortality has always attracted people’s attention and has always been the subject of investigation, the fact that gave birth to many different concepts of immortality in philosophy: immortality as family reproduction (immortality in descendants), preservation (mummification) of the body, religious immortality of the soul, immortality as a result of creativity or the performance of any significant actions. The rapid development of technology entails the formation of a new type of thinking and introduces a change in socio-cultural relations. The concept of «digital immortality» considered in the present paper is the focus of research in the philosophy of science, not only because modern technologies have an impact on human consciousness, but also due to the fact that this line of research aims to preserve, copy and recreate human consciousness.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Прокофьева А. И. 
Published: September 2021

В статье автор изучает современное состояние рынка государственно-частного партнерства, а также сфер, наиболее и наименее пострадавших от последствий пандемии, вызванной коронавирусной инфекцией. Был сделан вывод, что пандемия нанесла огромный вред всем отраслям и сферам, в том числе и ГЧП. Исходя из статистических данных, автор констатирует, что наибольший урон нанесен проектам в социальной сфере, а также коммунально-энергетической сфере. Наибольшую стабильность демонстрирует транспортная сфера и сфера it-инфраструктуры. Автор пришел к выводу, что органы государственной власти принимают меры антикризисной поддержки регионов посредством запуска программы, основанной на содействии в подготовке и запуске ГЧП-проектов. Для сферы грузовых и пассажирских перевозок, сферы культуры, спорта и туризма были приняты особые меры поддержки. Однако не все регионы активно подключились к этой программе, что свидетельствует об отсутствии заинтересованности власти в развитии ГЧП и стабилизации экономики. По мнению автора, для преодоления последствий пандемии необходимо оказание прямой финансовой помощи, а также развитие цифровых и платформенных решений для эффективного диалога всех участников рынка, стимулирование внебюджетных инвестиционных ресурсов.
In the article the author examine the current state of the public-private partnership market, as well as the areas most and least affected by the consequences of the pandemic caused by coronavirus infection. It was concluded that the pandemic has caused huge damage to all industries and areas, including PPPs. Based on statistical data, the authors state that the greatest damage was caused to projects in the social sphere, as well as in the utilities and energy sectors. The transport sector and the IT infrastructure sector demonstrate the greatest stability. The author concluded that the state authorities are taking measures to provide anti-crisis support to the regions by launching a program based on assistance in the preparation and launch of PPP projects. Special support measures were taken for cargo and passenger transport, culture, sports and tourism. However, not all regions actively participated in this program, which indicates the lack of interest of the authorities in the development of PPP and the stabilization of the economy. According to the author, in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to provide direct financial assistance, as well as to develop digital and platform solutions for an effective dialogue of all market participants, to stimulate extra-budgetary investment resources, etc.