bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
tiRNA signaling via stress-regulated vesicle transfer in the hematopoietic niche
Authors: Kfoury Youmna S. , Ji Fei , Mazzola Michael , Sykes David B. , Scherer Allison K. , Anselmo Anthony , Akiyama Yasutoshi , Mercier Francois , Severe Nicolas , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Brouse Thomas , Saez Borja , Seidl Jefferson , Papazian Ani , Ivanov Pavel , Mansour Michael K. , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Scadden David T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles transfer complex biologic material between cells, whose role inin-vivoorganismal physiology is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that osteoblastic cells in the bone marrow elaborate extracellular vesicles that are taken up by hematopoietic progenitor cellsin vivo. Genotoxic or infectious stress rapidly increased stromal-derived extracellular vesicle transfer to granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Stimulating osteoblastic cells with parathyroid hormone or activating its receptor enhanced extracellular vesicle transfer, myeloid recovery post radiation and improved animal survival fromCandidasepsis. The extracellular vesicles contained tiRNAs known to modulate protein translation. 5’-ti-Pro-CGG-1 was preferentially abundant in osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles and when transferred to granulocyte macrophage progenitors, increased protein translation, cell proliferation and myeloid differentiation. Therefore, EV-mediated tiRNA transfer provides a stress modulated signaling axis distinct from conventional cytokine-driven stress responses.One sentence summaryStress regulated tiRNA transfer alters hematopoiesis
CytoSet: Predicting clinical outcomes via set-modeling of cytometry data
Authors: Yi Haidong , Stanley Natalie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle-cell flow and mass cytometry technologies are being increasingly applied in clinical settings, as they enable the simultaneous measurement of multiple proteins across millions of cells within a multi-patient cohort. In this work, we introduce CytoSet, a deep learning model that can directly predict a patient’s clinical outcome from a collection of cells obtained through a blood or tissue sample. Unlike previous work, CytoSet explicitly models the cells profiled in each patient sample as a set, allowing for the use of recently developed permutation invariant architectures. We show that CytoSet achieves state-of-the-art classification performance across a variety of flow and mass cytometry benchmark datasets. The strong classification performance is further complemented by demonstrated robustness to the number of sub-sampled cells per patient and the depth of model, enabling CytoSet to scale adequately to hundreds of patient samples. The strong performance achieved by the set-based architectures used in CytoSet suggests that clinical cytometry data can be appropriately interpreted and studied as sets. The code is publicly available athttps://github.com/CompCy-lab/cytoset.
Electronic Cigarettes in the EU: The Political Economy of Product Regulation
Authors: Cheng Chen , Persico Nicola , Scocchi Nicola 
Published: April 2021

You are the CEO of an e-cigarette company that has just been acquired by a major tobacco company. Your company operates in the European market. The July 2013 draft of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) recently has been crafted by the European Commission, but it has not yet been examined by the EU Parliament and its Council. The draft proposes that all e-cigarette products be classified as medical devices, regardless of nicotine content. This is the strictest available mode of regulation. If the directive goes into effect as written, e-cigarettes would have to undergo costly and lengthy clinical trials to receive approval and face much stricter marketability restrictions.
The case details the state of the e-cigarette industry in 2013, including consumer data, distribution, competition from similar products, and public health concerns. Students will analyze the current regulatory environment, determine what outcome would be most favorable to the e-cigarette industry, and identify the ways to achieve that goal.
VMock: Pivoting to Succeed and Scale in a Technology Startup Company
Authors: Sawhney Mohanbir , Goodman Pallavi 
Published: April 2021

In 2010, Salil Pande founded VMock, an online product that helped MBA students prepare for job interviews. Students could upload their video interviews and get feedback from mentors and peers. Four years later, VMock pivoted from an interview feedback product to a “Smart Resume” product that focused on improving resumes. The pivot was based on the insight that job candidates first needed help fixing their resumes before they could obtain and prepare for interviews. Further, the interview feedback product was difficult to scale as it relied on human feedback. The Smart Resume product, on the other hand, was powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence technology, making it more scalable and allowing VMock to evolve its offering from a product to a platform for managing careers. VMock had forged strong relationships with top business schools in the United States and Europe and its Smart Resume platform had been well received by the market.
Now Salil and his wife (and head of product development), Kiran, had to determine the next step in the company's evolution. They realized that the time had come to take their business to the next level. But they were faced with several options on how to go about scaling VMock. Should they market directly to consumers or should they use partners to scale their user base? Should they create a solution for employers to help them recruit and manage talent? What revenue streams should they focus on to maximize growth and profitability? These strategic decisions would be key to the survival and growth of VMock.
World Bicycle Relief: Social Enterprise Business Model
Authors: Van Mieghem Jan A. , Glinsky Vadim 
Published: April 2021

In this case, students assume the roles of FK Day and Dave Neiswander, leaders of the social enterprise World Bicycle Relief (WBR), which donates and sells bicycles in sub-Saharan Africa. As a social enterprise, WBR combines not-for-profit and for-profit activities. Starting as a traditional not-for-profit organization formed to donate bicycles after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, WBR eventually added a for-profit arm to facilitate growth and reduce its dependence on donations and grants. As a result, by 2017 WBR had distributed around 400,000 bicycles, primarily to schoolgirls, entrepreneurs, and health workers. As the organization grows, its leaders are interested in optimizing operations and entering new countries in Africa. What is the optimal distribution of WBR's resources between its for-profit and not-for-profit operations? How should it define the objective of its operations: should WBR maximize its social impact or the total number of bicycles in the field? Which countries should it enter?
To answer those questions, students are required to analyze the social enterprise business model. This analysis starts at the strategic level and ties into the operational level. If desired, this analysis can be followed by an Excel optimization of WBR's operations. The case contains historical data on the organization and poses questions that can be analyzed from the perspectives of a number of academic fields. It can be used in various types of courses including strategy, not-for-profit organizations, operations, and finance. The instructor materials include a prepared Excel model that can be used to make the quantitative analysis accessible to students without quantitative backgrounds, videos from WBR, and a video that shows FK Day and Dave Neiswander answering questions in the inaugural use of the case at Kellogg.
Indicator species drive the key ecological functions of microbiota in a river impacted by acid mine drainage generated by rare earth elements mining in South China
Authors: Chen Ziwu , Zhong Xi , Zheng Mengyuan , Liu Wen‐Shen , Fei Yingheng , Ding Kengbo , Li Yaying , Liu Ye , Chao Yuanqing , Tang Ye‐Tao , Wang Shizhong , Qiu Rongliang 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAcid mine drainage (AMD) generated by rare earth elements (REEs) deposits exploration contains high concentrations of REEs, ammonium and sulfates, which is quite different from typical metallic AMD. Currently, microbial responses and ecological functions in REEs‐AMD impacted rivers are unknown. Here, 16S rRNA analysis and genome‐resolved metagenomics were performed on microbial community collected from a REEs‐AMD contaminated river. The results showed that REEs‐AMD significantly changed river microbial diversity and shaped unique indicator species (e.g. Thaumarchaeota, Methylophilales, Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales). The main environmental factors regulating community were pH, ammonium and REEs, among which high concentration of REEs increased REEs‐dependent enzyme‐encoding genes (XoxF and ExaF/PedH). Additionally, we reconstructed 566 metagenome‐assembled genomes covering 70.4% of identifying indicators. Genome‐centric analysis revealed that the abundant archaea Thaumarchaeota and Xanthomonadaceae were often involved in nitrification and denitrification, while family Burkholderiaceae were capable of sulfide oxidation coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. These indicators play crucial roles in nitrogen and sulfur cycling as well as REEs immobilization in REEs‐AMD contaminated rivers. This study confirmed the potential dual effect of REEs on microbial community at the functional gene level. Our investigation on the ecological roles of indicators further provided new insights for the development of REEs‐AMD bioremediation.
Optimal domestic redistribution and multinational monopoly
Authors: Hamilton Jonathan H. , Slutsky Steven M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHaving a monopoly that is not owned domestically affects a country's income redistribution policies. Assume the government uses lump‐sum taxes to redistribute but cannot regulate the monopolist's price. In many relevant circumstances, a social planner would not equate social marginal utilities of income across individuals. Thus, using aggregate welfare functions as the preferences of a single representative consumer is valid only under restrictive circumstances. The monopolist always prefers to set price before the social planner chooses transfers, while the social planner may not have a first‐mover advantage. Under endogenous timing of their decisions, the government never moves before the monopolist.
Relationship between the microstructure and the heat treatment and creep behavior of Fe–33Ni–19Cr alloy
Authors: Mudang Maureen , Hamzah Esah , Bakhsheshi‐Rad Hamid Reza , Berto Filippo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the relationship between heat treatment, grain size, and the creep rupture properties of Fe–33Ni–19Cr alloy was investigated. The microstructure analysis showed that Fe–33Ni–19Cr alloy consists of the austenite phase matrix and a small number of precipitates such as titanium nitride and titanium carbides. Fe–33Ni–19Cr alloy shows an increase in steady‐state creep rate with increased grain size from 94 to 381 μm, due to the grain boundary sliding mechanism. The result also exhibited that the alloy that was subjected to creep test failed in ductile mode and cavitation at the grain boundaries. The fracture surface shows a transgranular fracture but an intergranular fracture at the recrystallized grains at the fracture area. Taken together, the result exhibited that the Fe–33Ni–19Cr alloy subjected lower heat treatment temperature possess a smaller grain size, which led to better creep property along with more excellent service life during operation.
Numerical investigation of the effect of holes on dynamic fracturing in multi‐flawed granite
Authors: Yue Zhongwen , Zhou Jun , Feng Chun , Li Akang , Qiu Peng , Gang Mingwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA numerical study is conducted using the improved continuum‐based discrete element method (CDEM) to investigate the effect of holes on the dynamic fracturing of multi‐flawed rocks. The specimen geometries contain a perpendicular crack‐like flaw, a hole‐like flaw, and an inclined crack‐like flaw. A fracture model is implemented into the improved CDEM that combines the nonlinear pressure‐dependent shear strength and tensile strength of rocks. The digital image correlation method combined with ultra‐high‐speed photography is applied in a split Hopkinson pressure bar system to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The experimental results show that the improved CDEM accurately reproduces dynamic crack behavior in rocks. The simulation results show that hole‐like flaws significantly affect crack behavior compared with the two investigated crack‐like flaws. However, this effect gradually weakens with increasing loading stresses. This study provides important insight into the dynamic fracturing of multi‐flawed rocks.
Paroxysmal hemifacial pain: A report of two cases
Authors: Dinan John E. , Smith Alexander , Hawkins James M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParoxysmal hemifacial pain (PHFP) is the orofacial counterpart to paroxysmal hemicrania headaches. This paper reports the cases of two patients suffering from episodic attacks of severe unilateral facial pain. In both cases, pain attacks were absolutely responsive to therapeutic doses of indomethacin. Both patients were diagnosed with PHFP, as per the International Classification of Orofacial Pain diagnostic guidelines. The diagnosis of PHFP, and a trial of indomethacin, must be considered in cases of severe unilateral facial pains not clearly explained by more common diagnoses.
Unilateral clubbing‐like digital thickening as a clinical manifestation of low‐flow vascular malformations: a series of 13 cases
Authors: García‐Souto Fernando , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , Narváez‐Moreno Basilio , Fernández‐Pineda Israel , Bernabéu‐Wittel José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDigital clubbing is a well‐known clinical sign characterized by thickening of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. Unilateral clubbing occurs less frequently. A previous report showed for the first time two cases of unilateral clubbing as a clinical manifestation of lower limb venous malformation. The objective of the present study is to describe a series of 13 patients with a low‐flow vascular malformation where a clubbing‐like unilateral digital thickening is also observed.MethodsAll patients were retrospectively included after reviewing clinical photographs from a vascular malformations database.ResultsA total of 13 patients with low‐flow vascular malformations were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 11 years (range 5–26 years) with a female predominance (nine patients). The most frequent vascular malformation collected was a blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in four patients, followed by common venous malformations in three patients. All patients characteristically exhibited a clubbing‐like digital thickening. Seven patients had foot involvement and six patients hand involvement.ConclusionsAlthough the number of cases is limited, our study is the first series of cases where a clubbing‐like digital thickening is described in patients with a low‐flow vascular malformation. The unilateral presence of clubbing or pseudoclubbing should lead to the suspicion of an underlying vascular malformation.
Progressive taxation as an automatic stabilizer under nominal wage rigidity and preference shocks
Authors: Gabrovski Miroslav , Guo Jang‐Ting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research has shown that in the context of a prototypical New Keynesian model, more progressive income taxation may lead to higher volatility of hours worked and total output in response to a monetary disturbance. We analytically show that this business‐cycle destabilization result is overturned within an otherwise identical macroeconomy subject to impulses to the household's utility formulation. Under a continuously or linearly progressive fiscal policy rule with the symmetric‐equilibrium tax burden unchanged, an increase in the positive level of tax progressivity will always raise the degree of equilibrium nominal‐wage rigidity, and thus serve as an automatic stabilizer that mitigates cyclical fluctuations driven by preference shocks.
Can we treat inflammation by managing misbehaving monocytes?
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWhen monocytes migrate from blood into tissues they differentiate into macrophage‐like cells. The outcome of this differentiation process is strongly influenced by the tissue environment, and the macrophages produced help control the immunological properties of the tissue. The process of monocyte–macrophage differentiation is therefore potentially attractive when seeking therapeutic targets to amplify or modulate the inflammatory response. Here we highlight recent research in this area, identifying the gene Paqr11 as an important factor in monocyte differentiation, and therefore an important potential target for reducing macrophage‐mediated inflammation in arthritis.
Invasive salmonellosis in paediatric patients in the Northern Territory, Australia, 2005–2015
Authors: Hamilton Natasha J , Draper Anthony D K , Baird Rob , Wilson Angela , Ford Tim , Francis Joshua R 
Published: April 2021

AimTo describe the epidemiology of invasive Salmonella disease in children in the Northern Territory, Australia.MethodsDesign: A retrospective review of invasive salmonellosis cases identified by pathology records and the Northern Territory Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Case definitions: Those aged 18 years or under, with Salmonella cultured from a usually sterile site, collected in the Northern Territory between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2015. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the annual incidence rate of invasive salmonellosis, comparing rates between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children.ResultsThere were 86 cases of invasive Salmonella infection in children over the 10‐year period; an annual incidence of 14.1 per 100 000 population, in those aged less than 18 years. Gastrointestinal Salmonella notifications were similar between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children. In children aged less than 15 years, the rate of invasive salmonellosis was higher in Indigenous children compared to non‐Indigenous children (23.4 per 100 000 compared with 11.6 per 100 000); rate ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.3–3.3, P = 0.002). Indigenous children with invasive salmonellosis had a median hospital stay of 8 days, which was compared to 5 days for non‐Indigenous children (P = 0.015). The highest incidence rate of invasive salmonellosis occurred in Indigenous patients less than 12 months of age (138 per 100 000).ConclusionThe Northern Territory of Australia has high rates of invasive salmonellosis in children. Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children experience similar rates of Salmonella gastroenteritis but Indigenous children experience higher rates of invasive salmonellosis.
Positive urine culture under indwelling urethral catheterization is a risk factor for febrile complications after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)
Authors: Kyono Yoko , Endo Fumiyasu , Shimbo Masaki , Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Hattori Kazunori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of and risk factors for febrile complications (FCs) in patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 847 consecutive patients who underwent HoLEP in our hospital from June 2006 to December 2018. FCs were defined as a body temperature ≥38.0°C within 30 days after surgery. The incidence of FCs was determined and possible risk factors assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 87 (10.3%) patients presented with FCs, and 6 (0.7%) had urosepsis, with no fatal complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with preoperative positive urine culture and urethral catheterization had an increased risk of FCs compared with those with a negative culture who did not need catheterization (odds ratio [OR] 2.587, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.307‐5.121). A negative urine culture with catheterization and a positive culture without catheterization were not associated with the development of FCs (OR 0.320, 95% CI 0.040‐2.553 and OR 1.370, 95% CI 0.662‐2.365, respectively). Other significant risk factors included preoperative serum albumin levels (OR 0.382, 95% CI 0.173‐0.846) and immediate postoperative body temperature (OR 2.559, 95% CI 1.549‐4.230).ConclusionsFCs are relatively common among patients after HoLEP despite preoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration. Surgeons may need to consider performing screening of urine cultures prior to HoLEP, especially in patients with urethral catheterization, even if asymptomatic. If the culture is positive, prophylactic antibiotics should be tailored according to bacterial susceptibility.
Beyond composition: What the study of diversity in K12 schools can learn from research in higher education
Authors: Diehl David K. , Tunzi Dominique Odelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral decades of interdisciplinary research have demonstrated the benefits of racially and ethnically integrated K12 schools. However, there is still much we do not know about what happens inside diverse schools that lead to these outcomes. In this article, we argue that the study of diversity in higher education, with its greater focus on internal institutional dynamics and a broader range of outcomes, can help K12 researchers fill in these gaps. However, the framework for studying diversity in higher education cannot be applied to K12 schools without first accounting for developmental and structural differences across students and sectors. To that end, this article summarizes the main components of the framework for studying diversity in the higher education literature—compositional, interactional, and organizational diversity—as well as the broad range of outcomes including not only academic achievement but also skills for lifelong learning and dispositions for citizenship in a multiracial democracy, and suggests how they can be adapted for K12 research. We argue that with this comprehensive but adapted framework, research on K12 education can inform practice and policy by providing more insight into the underlying mechanisms of school diversity and its consequences.