bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cabozantinib real‐world effectiveness in the first‐through fourth‐line settings for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium
Authors: Gan Chun Loo , Dudani Shaan , Wells J. Connor , Donskov Frede , Pal Sumanta K. , Dizman Nazli , Rathi Nityam , Beuselinck Benoit , Yan Flora , Lalani Aly‐Khan A. , Hansen Aaron , Szabados Bernadett , de Velasco Guillermo , Tran Ben , Lee Jae Lyun , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Bjarnason Georg A. , Subasri Mathushan , Choueiri Toni K. , Heng Daniel Y. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCabozantinib is approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) based on the METEOR and CABOSUN trials. However, real‐world effectiveness and dosing patterns of cabozantinib are not well characterized.MethodsPatients with mRCC treated with cabozantinib between 2011 and 2019 were identified and stratified using the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk groups. First‐ (1L), second‐ (2L), third‐ (3L), and fourth‐line (4L) overall response rate (ORR), time to treatment failure (TTF), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Dose reduction rates and their association with TTF and OS were determined.ResultsA total of 413 patients were identified. The ORRs across 1L to 4L were 32%, 26%, 25%, and 29%, respectively, and the median TTF rates were 8.3, 7.3, 7.0, and 8.0 months, respectively. The median OS (mOS) rates in 1L to 4L were 30.7, 17.8, 12.6, and 14.9 months, respectively. For patients treated with 1L PD(L)1 combination agent (n = 31), 2L cabozantinib had ORR of 22%, median TTF of 5.4 months, and mOS of 17.4 months. About 50% (129/258) of patients required dose reductions. The TTF and mOS were significantly longer for patients who required dose reduction vs. patients who did not, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.37 (95% CI 0.202–0.672, p < 0.01) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.215–0.980, p = 0.04), respectively. Limitations include the retrospective study design and the lack of central radiology review.ConclusionThe ORR and TTF of cabozantinib were maintained from the 1L to 4L settings. Dose reductions due to toxicity were associated with improved TTF and OS. Cabozantinib has clinical activity after 1L Immuno‐oncology combination agents.
Directing Polymorphism in the Helical Nanofilament Phase
Authors: Park Wongi , Yang Minyong , Park Hyewon , Wolska Joanna M. , Ahn Hyungju , Shin Tae Joo , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, it is reported that the polymorphism in the helical nanofilament (HNF, B4) liquid‐crystalline phase depends on the fabrication methods, that is, UV‐driven formation and template‐assisted self‐assembly in the nanoconfined geometry. As a result, uniaxially oriented HNFs with different helical structures were obtained, in which generation of the twisted‐ribbon and cylindrical‐ribbon polymorphs showed that even the molecular lattice has a different orientation. The detailed structures were directly observed by SEM and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation. The resultant polymorphs could be used in chiro‐optical applications due to the capability for fine control of the helical structures.
Effects of working conditions on the performance of an ammonia ejector used in an ocean thermal energy conversion system
Authors: Li Shizhen , Zhai Xiaoyu , Liu Yanjun , Liu Weimin , Wang Lei , Zhang Jingzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOcean thermal energy has attracted much attention for its huge potential resources. It's proved that an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycle system using ammonia ejectors is beneficial to improve the cycle efficiency. Thus, the performance of an ammonia ejector is studied numerically in this paper. Effects of working conditions which occurred inside the ammonia ejector, like primary flow pressure (1.3‐2.1 MPa), secondary flow pressure (0.45‐0.65 MPa), and back pressure (0.5‐1.05 MPa), on the mixing process and flow phenomenon, are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the entrainment ratio of ammonia ejector ranging from 0.35‐0.65 increases with decreasing primary flow pressure at the critical working mode, while the reverse is true for the critical back pressure. Two small vortexes are formed near the ejector wall due to the boundary layer separation when the ejector works at the subcritical or critical mode. These vortexes reduce the effective area and flow rate of the secondary flow. The Ma contours are nearly the same in the nozzle and mixing zone for the critical and subcritical mode, but distributions of Ma vary dramatically in the diffuser corresponding to the variation of secondary series of oblique shock.
Preparation and Application of Keggin Polyoxometalate‐based 3D Coordination polymer Materials as Supercapacitors and Amperometric Sensors
Authors: Yang Mengle , Rong Shuang , Wang Xinming , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun , Tan Lichao , Jiang Yanxia , Gao Keqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of POM‐based coordination polymers (CPs) provides a promising chance to approach excellent bifunctional electrode materials. Herein, three new polyoxometalates (POMs)‐based three‐dimensional (3D) inorganic‐organic hybrid compounds, [HPMVI9MV3O40]CuI5[4‐atrz]6⋅XH2O [M=Mo(1) or W(2), X=1(1)], [H2SiMoVI9MoV3O40]CuI5[4‐atrz]6⋅H2O (3) have been synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and explored as pseudocapacitive and sensors electrode materials. These compounds possess a novel three‐dimensional sandwich structure formed from POMs and ring CuI‐4‐atrz complexes by using Cu1 as nodes. As capacitor electrode materials, compounds 1 and 3 with Mo‐containing POMs show much higher specific capacitance than 2, which is because that POMs with Mo as metal atoms have much higher oxidation capacity than those with W. When these compounds are used as sensors to detect NO2− and Cr2O72−, compound 3 shows the highest sensitivity, lowest detection limit and most excellent anti‐interference ability. These results indicate that combining POMs and CuI‐4‐atrz complexes to form POM‐based coordination polymers with unique microstructures greatly improve the electrochemical performance and stability of traditional POMs as electrode materials, which are attributed to excellent redox properties of POMs, and unique three‐dimensional structure formed due to introduction of Cu‐4‐atrz complex. This work provides a promising direction for exploring novel bifunctional electrode materials.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Generic Versus Branded Obeticholic Acid in a Chinese Population: Effects of Food and Sex
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Zhang Hong , Li Cuiyun , Zheng Wenbo , Wang Meng , Wu Min , Yang Deming , Hu Yue , Huo Dandan , Xu Zhongnan , Ding Yanhua , Liu Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study assessed the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a single 10‐mg dose of a generic and the branded formulation (Ocaliva) of obeticholic acid (OCA) in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The possible effects of food and sex on the pharmacokinetics of OCA and its 2 active metabolites (glyco‐OCA and tauro‐OCA) were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of OCA and its 2 active metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The 90%CIs of the ratios of the test and reference formulations for Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ of OCA, glyco‐OCA, and tauro‐OCA were contained entirely within the 80% to 125% range required for bioequivalence under fasting and fed conditions. Plasma exposure of OCA was 30% to 36% higher under fed compared with fasting conditions. Plasma exposure of OCA, glyco‐OCA, and tauro‐OCA was 39% to 66%, 22% to 58%, and 37% to 84% higher, respectively, in women compared with men under fasting and fed conditions. In conclusion, OCA was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The single 10‐mg dose of a generic OCA formulation was bioequivalent to Ocaliva. Food and sex impacted the pharmacokinetics of OCA and/or its 2 active metabolites. Further studies are required to determine if these effects are clinically relevant.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment in Adult and Pediatric Patients Following Administration of Ceftaroline Fosamil as a 5‐Minute Infusion
Authors: Riccobene Todd A. , Carrothers Timothy J. , Knebel William , Raber Susan , Chan Phylinda L.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe key pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) efficacy index for β‐lactam antibiotics is the percentage of time that free drug concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria during each dosing interval (fT>MIC). Ceftaroline fosamil, the prodrug of the β‐lactam ceftaroline, was initially approved for administration as 60‐minute intravenous (IV) infusions. Population PK analyses comparing exposure and PK/PD target attainment for 5‐minute and 60‐minute IV infusions, described here, have supported ceftaroline fosamil labeling updates to include variable infusion durations of 5 to 60 minutes in adults and children aged ≥2 months. A 2‐compartment disposition PK model for ceftaroline fosamil and ceftaroline was used to predict steady‐state ceftaroline exposures (maximum plasma concentrations [Cmax,ss] and area under the plasma concentration–time curve over 24 hours [AUCss,0‐24]) and probability of target attainment in simulated adult and pediatric patients with various degrees of renal function receiving standard doses of ceftaroline fosamil as 5‐minute or 60‐minute IV infusions. Across age groups and renal function categories, median ceftaroline AUCss,0‐24 values were similar for 5‐minute and 60‐minute infusions, whereas Cmax,ss was up to 42% higher for 5‐minute infusions. Both infusion durations achieved >99% probability of target attainment based on PK/PD targets for Staphylococcus aureus (35% fT>MIC) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (44% fT>MIC) at European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing/Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute MIC breakpoints (1 mg/L and 0.25/0.5 mg/L, respectively). These findings support administration of standard ceftaroline fosamil doses over 5 to 60 minutes for adults and children aged ≥2 months, providing added flexibility to clinicians and patients.
An autonomic decision tree‐based and deadline‐constraint resource provisioning in cloud applications
Authors: Mazidi Arash , Mahdavi Mehregan , Roshanfar Fahimeh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCloud computing provides a set of resources and services for customers on the Internet on demand and based on a pay as you go model. Cloud providers are looking to decrease costs and increase profits. Therefore, resource management and provisioning are very important for cloud providers. Automated scaling can be used to provide resources for user requests. Auto‐scaling can decrease the total operational costs for providers, although it does have its own cost and time overheads. In this paper, a new solution is presented for resource provisioning on multi‐layered cloud applications based on MAPE‐K loop. A weighted ensemble prediction model is proposed to estimate the resources utilization in each cloud layer. In addition, accuracy of the model and a regularization technique are used to regulate the weights of the models in the proposed hybrid prediction model. Furthermore, a decision tree‐based algorithm is presented to analyze status of the resources to make scaling decision. In addition, we propose a resource allocation algorithm that is based on Virtual Machine priority and request deadline in order to allocate requests on suitable resources. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm has the best performance among its counterparts.
Inorganic Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Taozhu , Zhang Weining , Qin Hao , Lu Lei , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) conversion and utilization is a potential means to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems in modern times. However, the energy conversion efficiency is still limited by the high barriers in CO2 activation and conversion. Due to their ability to capture CO2, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have attracted much attention recently. In this Minireview, we first introduce the basic principles and challenges of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, including different CO2 reduction reaction pathways, product selectivity and water oxidation kinetics. Subsequently, research progress of FLPs on the activation of CO2/H2O molecules, charge separation and transfer and the product selectivity are discussed. Finally, the challenges in photocatalytic CO2 reduction are presented and future development directions are briefly described.
Confining Chainmail‐Bearing Ni Nanoparticles in N‐doped Carbon Nanotubes for Robust and Efficient Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Niu Yongjian , Zhang Chunhua , Wang Yuanyuan , Fang Dong , Zhang Linlin , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt still remains challenging to simultaneously achieve high stability, selectivity, and activity in CO2 reduction. Herein, a dual chainmail‐bearing nickel‐based catalyst (Ni@NC@NCNT) was fabricated via a solvothermal‐evaporation‐calcination approach. In situ encapsulated N‐doped carbon layers (NCs) and nanotubes (NCNTs) gave a dual protection to the metallic core. The confined space well maintained the local alkaline pH value and suppressed hydrogen evolution. Large surface area and abundant pyridinic N and Niδ+ sites ensured high CO2 adsorption capacity and strength. Benefitting from these, it delivered a CO faradaic efficiency of 94.1 % and current density of 48.0 mA cm−2 at −0.75 and −1.10 V, respectively. Moreover, the performance remained unchanged after continuous electrolysis for 43 h, far exceeding Ni@NC with single chainmail, Ni@NC/NCNT with Ni@NC sitting on the walls of NCNT, bare NCNT and most state‐of‐the‐art catalysts, demonstrating structural superiority of Ni@NC@NCNT. This work sheds light on designing unique architectures to improve electrochemical performances.
Regulation of the human NK cell compartment by pathogens and vaccines
Authors: Goodier Martin R , Riley Eleanor M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural killer cells constitute a phenotypically diverse population of innate lymphoid cells with a broad functional spectrum. Classically defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes with the capacity to eliminate cells lacking self‐MHC or expressing markers of stress or neoplastic transformation, critical roles for NK cells in immunity to infection in the regulation of immune responses and as vaccine‐induced effector cells have also emerged. A crucial feature of NK cell biology is their capacity to integrate signals from pathogen‐, tumor‐ or stress‐induced innate pathways and from antigen‐specific immune responses. The extent to which innate and acquired immune mediators influence NK cell effector function is influenced by the maturation and differentiation state of the NK cell compartment; moreover, NK cell differentiation is driven in part by exposure to infection. Pathogens can thus mould the NK cell response to maximise their own success and/or minimise the damage they cause. Here, we review recent evidence that pathogen‐ and vaccine‐derived signals influence the differentiation, adaptation and subsequent effector function of human NK cells.
Effectiveness of a brief form of group dialectical behavior therapy for binge‐eating disorder: Case series in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Adams Gillian , Turner Hannah , Hoskins Jessica , Robinson Alice , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhile there is evidence to support the use of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the treatment of binge‐eating disorder (BED), treatment is relatively long compared with other evidence‐based treatments. This study explored the effectiveness of brief DBT groups for BED, delivered in a routine community setting.MethodEighty‐four adults with BED entered 10‐week DBT group treatment in a community eating disorders service. In total, 12 groups were conducted. Patients completed measures of eating disorder pathology, anxiety, depression, and emotional eating at the start and end of treatment, and at 1‐month follow‐up. Frequency of weekly binges was recorded.ResultsOutcomes were similar to those of longer versions of DBT, with an attrition rate of 26%, and significant reductions in eating disorder psychopathology and emotional eating by the end of treatment and at follow‐up. Over 50% of patients were abstinent from binge eating by Session 4.DiscussionGroup DBT delivered in a 10‐session format is clinically equivalent to longer versions of the same treatment. Future research is required to explore patterns of change and to demonstrate replicability under controlled conditions, but these findings are promising for the efficient delivery of effective treatment and reducing waiting times.
Novel Potentiometric Solid‐contact Electrode for the Determination of Fe2+ Ions via MWCNTs‐Gemifloxacin Composite
Authors: Abdallah Nehad A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel electrode was fabricated for the quantitation of Fe2+ ion. It was based on the covalent attachment of the gemifloxacin molecule (the recognition element) to the surface of MWCNTs to be incorporated as an electroactive material. Linear response of Fe2+ ions was found in the concentration range of 1×10−2 mol L−1 to 1×10−8 mol L−1 with a Nernstian slope of 30.37 ±0.3 (mV/decade) and attained a stable response within 5 s. The sensor exhibited LOD value of 4.8×10−9 mol L−1. It was applied in the monitoring of Fe2+ concentration in multi‐vitamins tablets, tap water and milk samples with acceptable recovery ranged from 94.00 % to 102.00 %.
Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analyses and optimization of a CCHP system with steam turbine
Authors: Chahartaghi Mahmood , Namdarian Reza , Hashemian Seyed Majid , Malek Rahmat , Hashemi Seyedesmail 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to finding solutions to reduce energy consumption and improve the electricity production efficiency in the power cycles, using the waste heat of power cycles in the combined generation systems can be a useful approach. Also, by using the wasted energy of the power generation cycles, the cooling and heating demands can be met. Therefore, this study presents energy, exergy, economic, and environmental evaluations of a new configuration of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) or tri‐generation system with a steam turbine. This CCHP system includes a steam boiler, a steam turbine, a heat exchanger, a single‐effect absorption chiller, and pumps. Some important performance parameters such as electrical efficiency, combined electrical and cooling efficiency, combined electrical and heating efficiency, and tri‐generation efficiency, as well as exergy efficiency, are considered. Also, various output and environmental performance parameters such as percentage of operational cost reduction, percentage of fuel consumption reduction, percentage of pollutant emission reduction, and economic and technical issues based on different inlet temperatures and pressures of the steam turbine are investigated. In addition, the performance of the absorption chiller at different operating conditions has been investigated. This study shows that the usage of the CCHP system leads to reduction of 24.91% in carbon dioxide emission, 15.83% in fuel consumption, and 35.34% in operating costs compared with conventional systems. Also, the results show that there is a good improvement in the overall performance of the system with the tri‐generation efficiency of 82.46%.
Numerical investigation of fluid flow in fracture junctions with consideration to effect of fracture morphology
Authors: Liu Chunting , Li Mingzhong , Zhang Guodong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBecause the fracturing fluid flow at fracture junctions directly affects the proppant distribution in fracture networks, it is very important to quantitatively investigate the fluid flow in fracture junctions. In this study, the fluid flow in a laboratory‐size fracture junction was investigated, and equations for calculating the fluid split ratio were established. The correlations between the pressure loss coefficients and the width ratio, approaching angle, and fluid split ratio were obtained by simulation. Using a custom‐made Visual Basic program, the fluid split ratios in an actual‐size fracture or complex fracture networks with several secondary or tertiary fractures were calculated. The results reveal that the fluid split ratio is significantly affected by the approaching angle and width ratio in laboratory‐size fractures. In contrast, in an actual‐size fracture junction, the fluid split ratio is mainly affected by the length of the fracture channel and the width ratio. The split ratios in laboratory‐size and real‐size fracture networks with several secondary or tertiary fractures are quite different, which indicates that the split ratio should be quantitatively estimated when investigating the proppant distribution by experiment or simulation. The findings of this study can be useful in the quantitative investigation of the proppant distribution in fracture networks.
Neonicotinoid Insecticides from a Marine Perspective: Acute and Chronic Copepod Testing and Derivation of Environmental Quality Standards
Authors: Moeris Samuel , Vanryckeghem Francis , Demeestere Kristof , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have become of global concern for the aquatic environment. Harpacticoid copepods are among the organisms most sensitive to neonicotinoids. We exposed the brackish copepod Nitocra spinipes to 4 neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) to investigate acute toxicity on adults (96-h exposure) and effects on larval development (7-d exposure). We used these results in combination with publicly available ecotoxicity data to derive environmental quality standards (EQS). These EQS were ultimately used in a single-substance and mixture risk assessment for the Belgian part of the North Sea. Acute toxicity testing revealed that immobilization is a more sensitive endpoint than mortality, with 96-h median effect concentration (EC50) values of 6.9, 7.2, 25, and 120 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. In addition, the larval development tests resulted in 7-d no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) of 2.5, 2.7, 4.2, and &gt;99 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. The derived saltwater annual average (AA-)EQS were 0.05, 0.0048, 0.002, and 0.016 µg L–1 for clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Finally, the risk characterization revealed some exceedances of the AA-EQS in Belgian harbors for imidacloprid (number of exceedances, n = 2/4), for thiacloprid (n = 1/4), for thiamethoxam (n = 1/4), and for the mixture of the 4 neonicotinoids (n = 4/4), but not at the open sea. At the open sea site, the toxic unit sums relative to the AA-EQS were 0.72 and 0.22, suggesting no mixture risk, albeit with a relatively small margin of safety. Including short-term EC10 (96-h) values of N. spinipes for the AA-EQS derivation led to a refinement of the AA-EQS for clothianidin and thiamethoxam, suggesting their use for the AA-EQS derivation because one of the overarching goals of the definition of EQS is to protect species at the population level. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1353–1367. © 2021 SETAC