bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Data Science Ethics Through Statistical Education and Practice
Authors: Utts Jessica 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAs sources of data become more plentiful and massive datasets are easier to acquire, new ethical issues arise involving data quality and privacy, and the analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data‐driven decisions. There are numerous anecdotes involving abuses of complex data analyses and algorithms, and the impact they have had on society. In this paper, we discuss what statisticians can do to help enhance data science ethics in practice and what statistics educators can do to instil sound ethical behaviour in our students. We have opportunities to practice and teach ethical conduct relevant to all stages of the data life cycle. This paper discusses issues impacting ethical data science, with a focus on how statisticians can help raise awareness and encourage implementation of ethical best practices.
Effectiveness of double‐gloving method on prevention of surgical glove perforations and blood contamination: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Gao Xinghua , Ruan Xiangcai , Zheng Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the effectiveness of the double‐gloving method on preventing surgical glove perforation and blood contamination compared with single gloving.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases were searched including: Embase, CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service in March 2020.Review methodOur systematic review and meta‐analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Risk of bias of Cochrane Handbook (Version 5.1.0) was applied to evaluate the study quality. Revman 5.3 was used to calculate the effect size of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta‐analysis with forest plot and funnel plot was performed to compare the rate of surgical glove perforation and to determine the published bias, respectively. This review has been registered with ID: CRD42020189694 on the web site of PROSPERO.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of double gloving on reducing surgical glove perforation were identified and a total of 7090 gloves were tested. After analyzing the pooled data, we identified that the rate of surgical glove perforation in the double‐gloving group was lower than that of single gloving with statistical significance (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.89, p < .05). It was statistically significant that surgical glove perforation was lower in the double‐inner gloves as well as matched outer–inner perforated gloves compared with that of single glove (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.07, p < .05).ConclusionFindings of this systematic review demonstrate that double gloving could reduce the rate of surgical‐glove perforation. Meanwhile, the risk of being contaminated by a blood‐borne pathogen during surgery could be reduced by wearing double gloves. We strongly suggest that surgical team members when operating should wear double gloves to protect themselves and reduce the risk of occupational blood exposure.ImpactThe necessity of double gloving for preventing blood contamination was demonstrated. The rate of surgical glove perforation is statistically significant in double‐gloving group compared to single gloving. Double gloving could reduce the risk of being contaminated during surgery by blood‐borne pathogen. Evidence is provided for surgical team and decision makers that double gloving could reduce occupational exposure.
Living under psychosocial pressure: Perception of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Ebadi Mahsa , Samadi Sayyed Ali , Mardani‐Hamooleh Marjan , Seyedfatemi Naima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProblemMothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience higher levels of stress compared to mothers of typically developing children. This study identified mothers' perceptions of the stress caused by lifelong caregiving to a child with ASD.MethodsThe current study was conducted in Iran using qualitative methods. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twenty‐seven mothers. Content analysis was used to analyze and categorize the data.FindingsThe main categories included (1) psychological concerns and suffering and (2) sociocultural challenges. The first category consisted of two subcategories, including disruption in mother–child relationships and fears and worries. Also, the second category included subcategories of cultural constraints and lack of social support.ConclusionsIn this study, the mothers of autistic children experienced psychosocial pain. Identifying the stressors for these mothers could lead to appropriate planning to provide psychological, social, and cultural support for them in Iranian society.
CDX2 enhances natural killer cell–mediated immunotherapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through up‐regulating CXCL14
Authors: Wang Haitao , Nan Shanji , Wang Ying , Xu Chengbi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract(NK) cells are at the first line of defence against tumours, but their anti‐tumour mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which NK cells can mediate immunotherapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We collected fifty‐two pairs of HNSCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues; analysis by RT‐qPCR showed underexpression of CXCL14 in HNSCC tissues. Primary NK cells were then isolated from the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients and healthy donors. CXCL14 was found to be consistently under‐expressed in the primary NK cells from the HNSCC patients. However, CXCL14 expression was increased in IL2‐activated primary NK cells and NK‐92 cells. We next evaluated NK cell migration, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α expression, cytotoxicity and infiltration in response to CXCL14 overexpression or knockdown using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approach. The results exhibited that CXCL14 overexpression promoted NK cell migration, cytotoxicity and infiltration. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed that CXCL14 suppressed the growth of HNSCC cells via activation of NK cells. ChIP was applied to study the enrichment of H3K27ac, p300, H3K4me1 and CDX2 in the enhancer region of CXCL14, which showed that CDX2/p300 activated the enhancer of CXCL14 to up‐regulate its expression. Rescue experiments demonstrated that CDX2 stimulated NK cell migration, cytotoxicity and infiltration through up‐regulating CXCL14. In vivo data further revealed that CDX2 suppressed tumorigenicity of HNSCC cells through enhancement of CXCL14. To conclude, CDX2 promotes CXCL14 expression by activating its enhancer, which promotes NK cell–mediated immunotherapy against HNSCC.
Improving the outcomes of youth with medical limitations: Evidence from the National Job Corps Study
Authors: Hock Heinrich , Luca Dara Lee , Kautz Tim , Stapleton David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproving work outcomes for youth with disabilities and reducing their reliance on disability benefits are important policy priorities, but existing interventions have shown limited promise. We provide new evidence to inform this discussion by re‐analyzing data from the 1990s National Job Corps Study, a randomized field experiment conducted nationwide in the United States. Job Corps, which provides comprehensive training to economically disadvantaged youth, is the nation's largest youth program outside of the school system. We examine youth who had medical limitations when they enrolled in the experiment, a group that has not previously been studied. During the 4 years after random assignment, participation in Job Corps increased the earnings of youth with medical limitations—substantially more so than for youth without medical limitations—and additionally reduced their receipt of disability cash benefits. Interventions designed specifically for such youth have not typically demonstrated reductions in benefit receipt. Hence, our re‐analysis of the field experiment suggests that Job Corps could be a promising model for helping some youth with disabilities gain a foothold in the labor market and achieve greater self‐sufficiency.
Flowers and fruits prolong survival of drosophila pupal parasitoids
Authors: Collatz Jana , Romeis Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdult parasitoids often feed on sugar sources for survival and to fuel energy. Therefore, the provision of sugar sources, such as nectar from flowers, can enhance biological control. We assessed whether Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae and Trichopria drosophilae, two pupal parasitoids of Drosophila spp., can profit from different sugar sources. In a laboratory experiment, we offered honey, cornflower and buckwheat flowers, crushed and Drosophila suzukii‐infested blueberries as well as hosts together with honey. In both parasitoid species, all food sources significantly prolonged the lifespan of females compared to the control. The flowers prolonged the lifespan in both species threefold or fourfold, in P. vindemmiae from a mean of 6 to 28 days, in T. drosophilae from 13 to 49 days. Infested and damaged blueberries also enhanced mean survival in both species. When fed honey, the presence of hosts slightly decreased lifespan in P. vindemmiae and strongly decreased it in T. drosophilae. Our results suggest that the parasitoids can utilize the fruits they encounter during host search. Flowers could enhance their biological control function even further, as long as they do not benefit the pest.
Creation of a medical ward from non‐clinical space amidst the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Locke Cameron J. , Koo Benjamin , Baron Sarah W. , Shapiro Jared , Pacifico Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHospitals were mandated to dramatically increase capacity during the Covid‐19 crisis in New York City. Conversion of non‐clinical space into medical units designated for Covid‐19 patients became necessary to accommodate this mandate.MethodsNon‐clinical space was converted into medical units at multiple campuses of a large academic hospital system over 1 week. The conversion required construction to deliver basic care including oxygen supplementation. Creation of provider workspaces, handwashing areas, and colour‐coded infection control zones was prioritized. Selection criteria were created with a workflow to determine appropriate patients for transfer into converted space. Staffing of converted space shifted as hospitalizations surged.ResultsThe unit was open for 18 days and accommodated 170 unique patients. Five patients (2.9%) required transfer to a higher level of care. There were no respiratory arrests, cardiac arrests, or deaths in the new unit.ConclusionConverting non‐clinical space to a medical unit was accomplished quickly with staffing, workflow for appropriate patients, few patients who returned to a higher level of care, and no respiratory or cardiac arrests or deaths on the unit.
Evaluation of alternative diluents for clinical use of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH‐aaes)
Authors: Wolfe Henry R. , Rosenberg Elizabeth , Ciftci Kadriye , Edgecombe Jill , McLane Michael P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH‐aesthetic formulation [CCH‐aaes]; QWO™ [Endo Aesthetics, Malvern PA, USA] is approved as a subcutaneous injection for treatment of cellulite. In the aesthetic practice, dilution of marketed products is commonly employed to tailor treatments to individual patients or off‐label locations. Dilution beyond the 0.23 mg/ml achievable with the proprietary diluent supplied with the CCH‐aaes lyophilized powder requires diluents readily available in clinic.AimTo characterize the functionality and stability of CCH‐aaes when reconstituted and/or diluted with alternative diluents, including normal saline, bacteriostatic saline, and/or proprietary diluent.Patients/MethodsEach dilution was assessed for purity using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), activity using collagenase (AUX‐I) and gelatinase (AUX‐II) assays, and aggregation using size‐exclusion chromatography.ResultsWhen reconstituted with either saline or proprietary diluent, and diluted with proprietary diluent or saline, purity, activity, and stability of CCH‐aaes is maintained for up to 24 h at 5°C or 25°C. In contrast, use of bacteriostatic saline to reconstitute and/or dilute CCH‐aaes results in up to a 40% decrease in activity and aggregation of 5.3% of CCH‐aaes protein. Importantly, inclusion of 2% lidocaine and 1:200 000 epinephrine does not negatively impact CCH‐aaes purity, concentration, or activity for up to 24 h at 5°C or 25°C.ConclusionsFrom an efficacy and safety perspective, CCH‐aaes must not be/should not be reconstituted and/or diluted with bacteriostatic saline to avoid injection of protein aggregates. Ideally, CCH‐aaes should be reconstituted in proprietary diluent: further dilution with normal saline and addition of lidocaine and epinephrine is acceptable.
The association between ectopic pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease: A systematic review
Authors: Talavera Jonah I. R. , Parrill Allison M. , Elsayad Chris , Fogel Joshua , Riggs John C. , Peng Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CeD) more commonly affect women of reproductive age. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association between ectopic pregnancy (EP) in women with IBD, IBS, and CeD.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from the database inception date through December 31, 2020. Peer‐reviewed publications and abstracts written in English, regarding the association between EP and IBD, IBS, and CeD with controls were included. Quality assessment was conducted based on GRADE criteria. Analyses included odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity between studies was presented with I2.ResultsWe included five population‐based cohort studies. The odds of EP significantly increased in Crohn's disease (CD), but not ulcerative colitis (UC) as compared to IBD‐free controls. The odds of EP significantly increased in IBS as compared to women without IBS. No significant difference was observed for odds of EP in women with and without CeD.ConclusionsPossible evidence of associations between EP and CD as well as IBS were observed; however, not with UC and CeD. Pregnant women with chronic inflammatory bowel pathologies may warrant cautious monitoring.
SDF‐1 modulates periodontal ligament‐Mesenchymal Stem Cells (pdl‐MSCs)
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Bozkurt Buket S. , Hakki Erdogan E. , Karaoz Erdal , Unlu Ali , Kayis Seyit Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIn this in vitro study, the effects of Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) was evaluated on the periodontal ligament‐Mesenchymal Stem Cells (pdl‐MSCs) functions.Material and MethodsReal‐time cell analyzer‐single plate (RTCA‐SP) was employed for proliferation, and RTCA‐dual purpose (DP) was utilized for pdl‐MSCs migration potential treated with different SDF‐1 concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml). Based on the dose‐response findings, 10 ng/ml SDF‐1 was used for further mRNA experiments. RNAs isolated at 6 and 24 h were checked using quantitative RT‐PCR for mineralized tissue‐associated genes including type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). cRNA was synthesized for 6 h, and whole‐genome array analysis was performed for over 47.000 probes. Data were subjected to quantile normalization before analysis.ResultsIncreased proliferation and migration were observed in pdl‐MSCs treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml SDF‐1. Increased COL I was observed at both time points: 6 and 24 h. While there was no significant change for OCN, OPN, and Runx2 at 6 h, SDF‐1 up‐regulated OCN and OPN, but down‐regulated Runx2 mRNA expressions at 24 h. IL‐8 and ESM1 genes were differentially expressed over twofold when the pdl‐MSCs were exposed to SDF‐1 at whole‐genome array analysis. IL‐8 induction was confirmed with RT‐PCR.ConclusionFindings of this study displayed that SDF‐1 modulated pdl‐MSCs which were important for periodontal regeneration, inducing migration and proliferation, and regulating extracellular matrix synthesis in favor of the formation of new attachment.
Association between emergency department pediatric readiness and transfer of noninjured children in small rural hospitals
Authors: Lieng Monica K. , Marcin James P. , Sigal Ilana S. , Haynes Sarah C. , Dayal Parul , Tancredi Daniel J. , Gausche‐Hill Marianne , Mouzoon Jamie L. , Romano Patrick S. , Rosenthal Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePediatric readiness scores may be a useful measure of a hospital's preparedness to care for children. However, there is limited evidence linking these scores with patient outcomes or other metrics, including the need for interfacility transfer. This study aims to determine the association of pediatric readiness scores with the odds of interfacility transfer among a cohort of noninjured children (< 18 years old) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in small rural hospitals in the state of California.MethodsData from the National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment were linked with the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development's ED and inpatient databases to conduct a cross‐sectional study of pediatric interfacility transfers. Hospitals were manually matched between these data sets. Logistic regression was performed with random intercepts for hospital and adjustment for patient‐level confounders.FindingsA total of 54 hospitals and 135,388 encounters met the inclusion criteria. EDs with a high pediatric readiness score (>70) had lower adjusted odds of transfer (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.93) than EDs with a low pediatric readiness score (≤ 70). The pediatric readiness section with strongest association with transfer was the “policies, procedures, and protocols” section; EDs in the highest quartile had lower odds of transfer than EDs in the lowest quartile (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.91).ConclusionsPediatric patients presenting to EDs at small rural hospitals with high pediatric readiness scores may be less likely to be transferred. Additional studies are recommended to investigate other pediatric outcomes in relation to hospital ED pediatric readiness.
Different sets of traits explain abundance and distribution patterns of European plants at different spatial scales
Authors: Sporbert Maria , Welk Erik , Seidler Gunnar , Jandt Ute , Aćić Svetlana , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , Čarni Andraž , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Chytrý Milan , Ćušterevska Renata , Dengler Jürgen , De Sanctis Michele , Dziuba Tetiana , Fagúndez Jaime , Field Richard , Golub Valentin , He Tianhua , Jansen Florian , Lenoir Jonathan , Marcenò Corrado , Martín‐Forés Irene , Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Moretti Marco , Niinemets Ülo , Penuelas Josep , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Vandvik Vigdis , Vassilev Kiril , Vynokurov Denys , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPlant functional traits summarize the main variability in plant form and function across taxa and biomes. We assess whether geographic range size, climatic niche size, and local abundance of plants can be predicted by sets of traits (trait syndromes) or are driven by single traits.LocationEurasia.MethodsSpecies distribution maps were extracted from the Chorological Database Halle to derive information on the geographic range size and climatic niche size for 456 herbaceous, dwarf shrub and shrub species. We estimated local species abundances based on 740,113 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive, where abundances were available as plant species cover per plot. We compiled a complete species‐by‐trait matrix of 20 plant functional traits from trait databases (TRY, BiolFlor and CLO‐PLA). The relationships of species’ geographic range size, climatic niche size and local abundance with single traits and trait syndromes were tested with multiple linear regression models.ResultsGenerally, traits were more strongly related to local abundances than to broad‐scale species distribution patterns in geographic and climatic space (range and niche size), but both were better predicted by trait combinations than by single traits. Local abundance increased with leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). Geographic range size and climatic niche size both increased with SLA. While range size increased with plant height, niche size decreased with leaf carbon content.ConclusionFunctional traits matter for species’ abundance and distribution at both local and broad geographic scale. Local abundances are associated with different combinations of traits as compared to broad‐scale distributions, pointing to filtering by different environmental and ecological factors acting at distinct spatial scales. However, traits related to the leaf economics spectrum were important for species’ abundance and occurrence at both spatial scales. This finding emphasizes the general importance of resource acquisition strategies for the abundance and distribution of herbaceous, dwarf shrub and shrub species.
Community dissimilarity of angiosperm trees reveals deep‐time diversification across tropical and temperate forests
Authors: Kusumoto Buntarou , Kubota Yasuhiro , Baselga Andrés , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Matthews Thomas J. , Murphy Daniel J. , Shiono Takayuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionTo better understand the influence of deep‐time diversification on extant plant communities, we assessed how community dissimilarity increases with spatial and climatic distances at multiple taxonomic ranks (species, genus, family, and order) in angiosperm trees. We tested the prediction that the dissimilarity–distance relationship should change across taxonomic ranks depending on the deep‐time diversification in different biogeographical regions reflecting geohistories and geographical settings.LocationGlobal.MethodsUsing a data set of plot‐based surveys across the globe (861 plots), we compiled a community composition matrix comprising 21,455 species, 2,741 genera, 240 families, and 57 orders. We then calculated Sørensen's pairwise dissimilarity (βsor), and its turnover (βsim) and nestedness (βsne) components, among plots within seven biogeographical regions. Finally, we modeled the relationships between the biotic dissimilarities and the spatial/climatic distances at each taxonomic rank, and compared them among regions.Resultsβsor and βsim increased with increasing spatial and climatic distance in all biogeographical regions: βsim was dominant in all biogeographical regions in general, while βsne showed relatively high contributions to total dissimilarity in the temperate regions with historically unstable climatic conditions. The βsim‐distance curve was more saturated at smaller spatial scales in the tropics than in the temperate regions. In general, the curves became flatter at higher taxonomic ranks (order or family), with the exception of Africa, North America, and Australia, pointing to region‐specific geographical constraints.ConclusionsCompositional dissimilarity was generally shaped through the abrupt turnover of species along spatial/climatic gradients. The relatively high importance of the nestedness component in the temperate regions suggests that historical dispersal filters related to extinction/colonization may play important roles. Region‐specific changes in the turnover and nestedness components across taxonomic ranks suggest differential imprints of historical diversification over deep evolutionary time in shaping extant diversity patterns in each biogeographical region.