bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas: Data Documentation for 696 Cases and Findings on Fibrosis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in These Lesions
Authors: Virkkunen Sirke , Kaarela Terhi , Laine Merja , Suominen Auli , Hagström Jaana , Sorsa Timo , Haglund Caj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of our study was to re‐evaluate periapical lesions, including radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) for locations, histopathological features, and degree of fibrosis in relation to the inflammatory response. In addition, we examined the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) since both are widely recognized pathogens in periodontal infections.MethodsWe re‐evaluated samples of RCs and PGs (n = 728) and collected data for analyses by IBM's SPSS Statistics. Among these samples, we stained 93 samples to determine the immunoexpression of Pg and Fn. For immunostaining, we used Gingipain R1 antibody for Pg and Rabbit anti‐Fn antibody for Fn.ResultsFibrosis is associated with mild inflammation. We found a significant positive correlation between Pg and Fn. Thus, these pathogens are likely to occur together in periapical inflammatory lesions. We additionally noted that these periodontopathic pathogens are more likely to be present in RCs than in PGs.ConclusionsAsymptomatic radiologically diagnosed periapical lesions may not necessarily need root canal retreatment in healthy patients since these lesions may represent scar tissue rather than active apical periodontitis. Clinical and radiological follow‐up is still needed. Yet, periapical lesions, especially cysts, may contain dystopic periodontopathic pathogens, and Pg and Fn often occur together in periapical lesions.
From Pathology to Precision: Transforming Multi‐Tiered Dispute Resolution Clauses in International Contracts
Authors: Alhasan Tariq K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the complexities of drafting effective multi‐tiered dispute resolution clauses (MTDRCs) in international contracts, emphasizing that a structured sequence of dispute resolution methods is a central mechanism for enhancing efficiency and predictability. Key elements like legal compliance, objective criteria, and consistency with contract terms are crucial in ensuring that each stage—from negotiation to arbitration—functions seamlessly. The analysis highlights the risks of poorly drafted, pathological clauses, which can undermine arbitration's effectiveness, leading to delays and increased costs. Through legal precedents and case studies, the paper distinguishes between admissibility and jurisdictional challenges, offering practical strategies for drafting robust MTDRCs. It explores the role of emerging technologies, such as blockchain, in enhancing transparency. This guidance is particularly valuable for legal practitioners seeking to improve dispute resolution outcomes in international commercial transactions. Ultimately, the study contributes to broader goals like SDG 16 and SDG 9, promoting effective and equitable dispute resolution.
Evaluation of Environmental DNA as a Surveillance Tool for Invasive House Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Piaggio Antoinette J. , Robinson Stacie J. , Shiels Aaron B. , Taylor Daniel R. , Spock Danika R. , Allira Meagan , Serr Megan , Klein Caroline M. , Godwin John , Russell James C. , Wilkinson Shaun , Holmes Nick D. , Will David J. , Gemmell Neil J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIncreasing the success of invasive species management depends on the development, testing, and deployment of new tools. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an effective tool for monitoring invasive species that can help identify presence/absence, geographical boundaries of invasion, risk pathways, and population connectivity. In particular, understanding the sensitivity of eDNA detection rates to target species density allows calibration of sampling rates. In this study, we take a lab‐validated eDNA assay for Mus musculus (house mouse) and test its detection rates at different populations densities for wild‐caught, free‐ranging M. musculus in a controlled laboratory and an outdoor mesocosm. The goal was to understand both eDNA accumulation after M. musculus is introduced and the persistence of the accumulated eDNA signal in the environment after animals were removed. We found that eDNA signal was detectable within 1 h of a single mouse being introduced and that the signal was detectable for months after in the controlled environment but largely undetectable after 4 days in an outdoor mesocosm. We suggest sampling strategies for post‐eradication deployment of eDNA and highlight other uses for this assay, which are important to the deployment of this tool for invasive M. musculus management.
Optimal Design of a Micro Reversible Pump Turbine for Balancing Generation Mode and Storage Mode
Authors: Guo Tengjiao , Pan Jiale , Tao Ran , Xiao Ruofu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe inefficiency of traditional micro horizontal pump units (double‐suction centrifugal pumps) when operating in reverse mode as water turbines has hindered their application in pumped storage systems. In response, this study proposes an optimization approach integrating Bezier curve control, bidirectional weighting, and genetic algorithms (GA) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to enhance the reversible high‐efficiency performance of double‐suction centrifugal pumps. Bezier curve control is employed to regulate the blade meridional line, enabling the construction of a weighted objective function tailored for two modes. Subsequently, optimal parameter combinations are sought through GA optimization. Additionally, this research presents design considerations for the suction/pressurization chamber and volute to reduce the influence of secondary factors on unit efficiency. The resulting reversible pump‐turbine, based on the optimized blade parameters, not only maintains high efficiency in storage mode but also achieves comparable efficiency levels in generation mode. Model testing and simulation analysis of internal flow dynamics validate the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed optimization strategy, facilitating the integration of pump‐turbines into pumped storage systems.
Turfgrass irrigation: Analyzing the effects of rootzone construction and irrigation delivery system on water retention characteristics and perennial ryegrass performance
Authors: Cordel Jan , Anlauf Rüdiger , Prämaßing Wolfgang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGrowing concerns about climate change and water scarcity have intensified the need for sustainable turfgrass management, particularly by optimizing water‐use efficiency. This 2‐year field study evaluated the effects of rootzone construction methods and irrigation delivery systems on water retention characteristics and perennial ryegrass performance under 60% reference evapotranspiration (ETO) deficit irrigation. Three rootzone constructions (two two‐layered and one three‐layered) were investigated using sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. Key parameters assessed included soil water tension, rootzone water storage (RWS), turfgrass quality (TQ), turfgrass coverage, and normalized difference vegetation index. Significant interactions between rootzone construction and irrigation systems were observed. The three‐layered SDI system demonstrated significantly higher RWS and TQ than the two‐layered SDI systems, which showed rapid RWS and TQ decline. While two‐layered sprinkler systems maintained acceptable TQ longer than their SDI counterparts, they proved to be less efficient than the three‐layered SDI system. These findings highlight the critical role of aligning rootzone design with irrigation methods in enhancing water‐use efficiency and turfgrass performance in water‐scarce environments. This study provides valuable insights for sustainable turfgrass management strategies in response to increasing water constraints.
NUC7738 Induces Apoptosis Through Modulating Stability of P53 in Esophageal Cancer Cells
Authors: Wu Lin‐Feng , Ren Chang‐Hao , Xu Jia‐Cheng , Zhang Yi‐Fei , Liu Yan‐Bo , Zhou Ping‐Hong , Zhang Yi‐Qun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEsophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. NUC7738, a cordycepin derivative, has shown promise in overcoming the limited in vivo efficacy of its parent compound. This study compares the anticancer effects of NUC7738 and cordycepin in esophageal cancer and explores the molecular mechanisms of NUC7738 action. In vitro, NUC7738 and cordycepin were tested on normal (Het1A) and esophageal cancer cell lines (ECA109, KYSE510) using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and colony formation assays. Apoptosis was confirmed by inhibitors and flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to detect apoptosis‐related protein. KEGG analysis identified potential downstream signaling pathways, while qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were applied to assess p53 expression and stability. In vivo, ECA109 cells were xenografted into nude mice, and tumor tissues were analyzed for p53 expression using Immunohistochemical staining. Finally, CCK‐8, colony formation, and subcutaneous tumor xenograft assays in nude mice were employed to assess the synergistic effects of NUC7738 and cisplatin. The results revealed that NUC7738, although less effective than cordycepin in vitro, demonstrated superior anticancer activity in vivo. NUC7738 induced apoptosis by stabilizing p53 via ubiquitination, inhibiting tumor growth. Additionally, NUC7738 combined with cisplatin showed enhanced anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight greater potential of NUC7738 for clinical application, particularly in improving p53 stability and augmenting chemotherapeutic efficacy.
NK1R Antagonist, CP‐99,994 Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease via Inhibiting the Plk1‐Cdc25c‐Cdk1 Axis
Authors: Zhang Ruifan , Zou Yuhao , Li Huan , Li Dongfeng , Liu Yi , Gong Bo , Yu Man 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSubstance P/high‐affinity neurokinin‐1 receptor (SP/NK1R) system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). NK1R antagonist can improve DED, but the mechanism of NK1R antagonist treating DED remains unclear. We examined the role of NK1R antagonist, CP‐99,994 in DED model by possessing the phenol red cotton thread test, corneal fluorescein staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the concentration of inflammatory factors. Additionally, RNA sequencing, enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction network were employed to identify the key targets. Real‐time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were utilized to determine the expression of hub genes. Plk1 inhibitor, GSK461364 was applied to explore the treatment mechanism of CP‐99,994. The NK1R antagonist CP‐99,994 alleviated dry eye symptoms and the concentrations of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were significantly decreased after CP‐99,994 treatment. We obtained 68 differentially expressed genes after CP‐99,994 treatment by RNA sequencing and pyroptosis‐related genes (Plk1, Cdc25c, Cdk1) were identified from protein‐protein interaction network as key targets of CP‐99,994 treating DED. The expression levels of the Plk1, Cdc25c, and Cdk1 were significantly upregulated in the DED group, and CP‐99,994 downregulated the expression of Plk1, Cdc25c, and Cdk1. Moreover, Plk1 inhibitor considerably promoted the therapeutic effect of CP‐99,994 on DED model by reducing the release of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. The NK1R antagonist, CP‐99,994 mitigated DED symptoms via inhibiting Plk1‐Cdc25c‐Cdk1 axis, which served as a novel therapeutic target for DED treatment.
The Impact of Augmented Renal Clearance on the Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Critically Ill Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Kharouba Maged , Aboelezz Asma , Kung Janice Y. , Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLevetiracetam is an antiseizure medication (ASM) that has several advantages over other ASMs, such as dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics, high bioavailability, and minimal drug interactions. The drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys. Therefore, dose adjustments are necessary in patients with renal impairment or patients experiencing augmented renal clearance (ARC) to maintain optimal efficacy and safety. The objective of this review was to explore the existing literature on the influence of ARC on the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in critically ill patients. Database searched included MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Thirteen articles were included. The prevalence of ARC ranged from 30% to 90%. All studies demonstrated the inadequacy of the levetiracetam starting dose of 500 mg twice daily (BID) in critically ill patients. Studies consistently reported altered pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients with ARC, showing an elevated clearance that can reach up to 6.5L/h (∼3.8 L/h in healthy individuals). Additionally, patients with ARC had a lower area under the concentration‐time curve, shorter half‐life, and lower trough concentrations than those without ARC. Dosing simulations indicated that the use of at least 1500 mg BID is recommended for ARC patients to achieve similar exposures to those with no ARC on the 1000 mg BID starting dose. In conclusion, ARC significantly enhances the renal elimination of levetiracetam, elevating the risk of sub‐therapeutic drug levels and treatment failure. An initial dosage regimen of 1500 mg BID would be recommended for patients exhibiting ARC. Therefore, careful monitoring of creatinine clearance and dosing optimization for patients experiencing ARC is essential.
Hand Grip Strength Cut‐Off Points as a Discriminator of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: Results from the ELSA‐Brasil Cohort
Authors: Santos Clarice Alves , Maia Helena Fraga , Pitanga Francisco José Gondim , de Almeida Maria da Conceição Chagas , da Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes , de Aquino Estela Mota Leão , Cardoso Letícia de Oliveira , Griep Rosane Harter , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Lotufo Paulo , Bensenor Isabela , de Matos Sheila Maria Alvim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHand grip strength (HGS) may represent an epidemiologically relevant alternative as an initial screening tool for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. However, no study evaluated the performance capacity of HGS compared to other biomarkers in discriminating these conditions in adults.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the performance of HGS as discriminator of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, compared to urinary biomarkers of creatinine and potassium in 24 h for Brazilian adults.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Women (n = 5431) and men (n = 6351) aged 38–79 years who participated in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) at second follow‐up of the cohort (2012–2014). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated for men and women in different age groups to assess the performance of HGS as a discriminator of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, compared to the biomarkers of potassium and creatinine in urine in 24 h. The outcomes were classified based on the skeletal muscle mass index (BMI/height2) and fat percentage, estimated from the bioimpedance analysis data. Sensitivity, specificity and Brier score were calculated for each estimated HGS cut‐off point.ResultsIt can be observed that 18.20% (15.51% women; 21.34% men) of the population showed a decline in skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). Of this total, 11.61% (10.52% women; 12.89% men) presented the isolated outcome of sarcopenia and 6.59% (4.99% women; 8.45% men) of sarcopenic obesity. The HGS areas under the ROC Curve ranged from 0.54 (CI = 0.493–0.596) to 0.76 (CI = 0.650–0.878) according to sex and age group. HGS performance compared to biomarkers was significantly higher in virtually all strata and outcomes analysed. The cut‐off points that demonstrated greater accuracy and better performance in outcome discrimination were ≤ 42, ≤ 41, ≤ 38 and ≤ 36 kgf among males aged 38–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years and 65–79 years, respectively. For women in the same age groups, HGS cut‐offs were ≤ 26, ≤ 23, ≤ 23 and ≤ 21 kgf, respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest that HGS is a good discriminator of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, capable of achieving superior or equal performance to muscle mass biomarkers, especially in middle‐aged adults.
Magnetic endoscopic imaging in pediatric colonoscopy: A positive impact on procedure completion rate and procedure times
Authors: Liman Andrew , Lal Ronald , Yasui Osamu Winget , Gugig Roberto , Barakat Monique T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of magnetic endoscopic imaging (MEI) on pediatric colonoscopy.MethodsWe analyzed demographics, procedure completion, procedure times, complications, and whether or not MEI was used for all colonoscopies between April 27, 2023, and January 18, 2024. MEI was available for every case but used at the endoscopist's discretion. Attendings were surveyed on the frequency and duration of interventions during fellow‐performed colonoscopies.ResultsWe analyzed 310 colonoscopies, 113 (36%) of which used MEI. The average patient age was 13.8 years (range 5 months to 23 years). For the aggregate sample and attending‐performed cases, there were fewer males in the groups that used MEI (p < 0.01). There were no other statistically significant differences in demographics or procedure indication when MEI was used. Terminal ileum (TI) intubation rate was higher when MEI was used in the aggregate sample (p = 0.02) and for fellow‐performed cases (p = 0.04). TI intubation times and total procedure times were quicker when MEI was used in the aggregate sample and in both strata of attending‐performed cases and fellow‐performed cases (p < 0.001). One complication was reported in an attending‐performed case that did not use MEI. Of the 145 fellow‐performed procedures, 98 (68%) had completed surveys, 36 (36%) of which used MEI. There was no statistically significant difference in the number (p = 0.89) or duration (p = 0.96) of attending interventions when MEI was used.ConclusionMEI use was associated with higher TI intubation rates, faster TI intubation, and shorter total procedure times. MEI may be a valuable adjunctive tool for pediatric endoscopists.
The Sesquialter (First and a Halfth) Branchial Cleft Anomaly
Authors: Propst Evan J. , Siu Jennifer M. , Blaser Susan , Chen Haiying , Wolter Nikolaus E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA 6‐month‐old presented with a sinus in the neck coursing from below the body of the mandible, between the carotid and parotid spaces, and terminating posterior to the stylomastoid foramen on MRI. Facial nerve monitoring was used, a lacrimal probe was placed in the sinus, an elliptical incision was made in the skin, and the tract was followed to the parapharyngeal space. Pathology demonstrated a keratinous squamous epithelial lining, skin adnexae, and elastic cartilage. Because there were clinical, radiographic, and pathological features intermediate to first and second branchial anomalies, we propose calling this a sesquialter (first and a halfth) branchial anomaly.
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs affect productivity–biodiversity relationships in marine tintinnid assemblages
Authors: Feng Meiping , Qiu Jichen , Bian Wenhua , Zhang Yunfan , Hu Siting , Yang Yijia , Liu Kailin , Wang Chaofeng , Zhang Wuchang , Sun Xiaoxia , Li Na , Lin Jun , Guo Shujin , Chen Bingzhang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough the productivity–biodiversity relationship (PBR) has been a hot topic, few studies have considered how anthropogenic pressures affect PBRs in marine microzooplankton. Here, we provide the first insights into PBRs in tintinnid assemblages using 18‐yr data from Jiaozhou Bay, a typical coastal bay in the Yellow Sea. We hypothesized and verified that PBRs vary across contrasting anthropogenic nutrient inputs and that functional and phylogenetic diversity would deliver more information than conventional species richness. High productivity promotes more diversity under low to medium rather than high anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Compared to species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversity reveal more PBR patterns and respond more quickly in response to varying anthropogenic inputs. A concave+ PBR is revealed for functional diversity in the ecozone with highly active water exchange. Our study contributes to the understanding of PBR in marine unicellular secondary producers and their responses to anthropogenic nutrient inputs in coastal ecosystems.
Fractionation of ultrafine particles from marine sediment for organic geochemical measurement
Authors: Zheng Guangjin , Shen Mengyao , Wang Nan , Che Yangli , Li Haoshuai , Yan Caiqing , Bao Rui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn traditional grain‐size separation of marine sediment using the sieve technique, the majority of organic matter (OM) in the ultrafine sediment is yet hardly further separated. In this study, we suggest an inertial sieving method that utilizes an ultrafine particle separator (UPS), which consists of a suspended particle generator (SPG) combined with a particle size separating device (PSSD), to separate ultrafine particles from marine sediments. Specifically, our method can fractionate ultrafine particles (< 10 μm) into eight different grain size categories: 0.43–0.65, 0.65–1.10, 1.10–2.10, 2.10–3.30, 3.30–4.70, 4.70–5.80, 5.80–9.00, and 9.00–10.00 μm. We evaluate the effectiveness of this method in fractionating ultrafine marine sediment from the China Marginal Sea. Our study find that the inertial sieving method achieved a high mass recovery rate of 77.7–88.7% and a sieving accuracy of 75–94% for sediment samples. Additionally, we measure total organic carbon (OC) and stable carbon isotopes of OM associated with these eight ultrafine sediments. Overall, we suggest that the inertial sieving method has a high potential to effectively fractionate the marine sediments with particle sizes below 10 μm for further organic geochemical analysis on these grain size fractionated sediments.
Noncanonical feedback loop between “RIP3–MLKL” and “4EBP1–eIF4E” promotes neuronal necroptosis
Authors: Wang Shuchao , Zhang Yun , Wang Meijuan , Zhai Zhihao , Tan Yating , Xu Weiye , Ren Xiaozhen , Hu Ximin , Mo Jinyou , Liu Jia , Yang Yunfeng , Chen Dan , Jiang Bing , Huang Hualin , Huang Jufang , Xiong Kun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStroke is a leading risk factor for disability and death. Necroptosis is involved in stroke pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying necroptosis in stroke remain unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) modulates necroptosis in the gut epithelium. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)‐binding protein‐1 (4EPB1) is one of the main downstream molecules of mTORC1. This study addresses the role of the 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway in necroptosis. The 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway was found to be activated in both necroptotic HT‐22 and mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models. Functionally, 4EBP1 overexpression, eIF4E knockdown, and eIF4E inhibition suppressed necroptosis, respectively. Furthermore, a positive feedback circuit was observed between the 4EBP1–eIF4E and receptor‐interacting protein‐3 (RIP3)–mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) pathways, in which RIP3–MLKL activates the 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway by degrading 4EBP1 and activating eIF4E. This in turn enhanced RIP3–MLKL pathway activation. The eIF4E activation derived from this loop may stimulate cytokine production, which is a key factor associated with necroptosis. Finally, using a mouse MCAO model, the application of eIF4E, RIP3, and MLKL inhibitors was found to have a regulatory mechanism similar to that in the in vitro study, reducing the infarct volume and improving neurological function in MCAO mice.