bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐stress effects of combined block of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Ding Hui , Cui Su‐Ying , Cui Xiang‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Tong , Hu Xiao , Zhao Hui‐Ling , Qin Yu , Kurban Nurhumar , Zhang Yong‐He 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeMineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) are involved in the response to stress. The present study investigated the role of GRs and MRs in the PVN in regulating depressive and anxiety‐like behaviours.Experimental ApproachTo model chronic stress, rats were exposed to corticosterone treatment via drinking water for 21 days, and GR antagonist RU486 and MR antagonist spironolactone, alone and combined, were directly injected in the PVN daily for the last 7 days of corticosterone treatment. Behavioural tests were run on days 22 and 23. Depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours were evaluated in forced swim test, sucrose preference test, novelty‐suppressed feeding test and social interaction test. The expression of GRs, MRs and CRF were detected by western blot.Key ResultsRats exposed to corticosterone exhibited depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours. The expression of GRs and MRs decreased, and CRF levels increased in the PVN. The intra‐PVN administration of RU486 increased the levels of GRs and CRF without influencing depressive‐ or anxiety‐like behaviours. The spironolactone‐treated group exhibited an increase in MRs without influencing GRs and CRF in the PVN and improved anxiety‐like behaviours. Interestingly, the intra‐PVN administration of RU486 and spironolactone combined restored expression of GRs, MRs and CRF and improved depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn this rat model of stress, the simultaneous restoration of GRs, MRs and CRF in the PVN might play an important role in the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Human perturbations reduce dung beetle diversity and dung removal ecosystem function
Authors: Noriega Jorge Ari , March‐Salas Martí , Castillo Stephanie , García‐Q Héctor , Hortal Joaquín , Santos Ana M. C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiodiversity drives ecological functioning, ultimately providing ecosystem services. Ecosystem processes are favored by greater functional diversity, particularly when groups of functionally different species interact synergistically. Many of such functions are performed by insects, among which dung beetles stand out for their important role in dung decomposition. However, anthropogenic disturbances are negatively affecting their ecological dynamics and ecosystem services. We conducted a manipulative field study to evaluate the effect of human disturbance on dung beetle diversity (abundance, species richness, and functional group richness) and dung removal rates, comparing perturbed and conserved forests in three regions of Colombia (Caribbean, Andes, and Amazon). We also assess the relationship between dung beetle diversity and dung removal rates. Dung beetle diversity was assessed using pitfall traps, and specimens were measured and assigned to functional groups according to body size and dung relocation strategy. We used exclusion control units and experimental units to assess dung degradation with and without dung beetle activity and evaluate differences in removal rates between two dung removal strategies: paracoprids and telecoprids. Dung removal rates, abundance, and functional group richness were lower in perturbed forests compared to conserved forests. Dung removal increased with abundance, species richness, and functional group richness. Moreover, dung removal performed by telecoprids increased with species richness of telecoprids and paracoprids. Our results evidence a negative effect of human perturbation on dung beetle richness, abundance, and dung removal rates, and also that dung beetle diversity and functional group richness enhance dung removal rates.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Vulvar apocrine hidradenocarcinoma arising in a hidradenoma papilliferum—A case report
Authors: Kim Grace Y. , Solanki Malvika H. , Guo Ruifeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is a benign adnexal neoplasm of the vulva that typically presents as a unilateral, flesh‐colored papule in the labium majus in middle‐aged Caucasian women. It is considered to be a close counterpart of the intraductal papilloma of the breast. Malignant transformation is rare with few reports in the literature. We present a case of vulvar mammary‐type apocrine hidradenocarcinoma arising in an HP.
Effect of exenatide twice daily and dapagliflozin, alone and in combination, on markers of kidney function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: van Ruiten Charlotte C. , van der Aart‐van der Beek Annemarie B , IJzerman Richard G. , Nieuwdorp Max , Hoogenberg Klaas , van Raalte Daniël H , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of separate and combined use of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin and the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) exenatide on measures of kidney function.MethodsIn this prespecified secondary analysis of the DECREASE trial, we enrolled 66 obese patients with type 2 diabetes in a 16‐week randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin and exenatide twice daily, alone or in combination, versus placebo on 24‐hour urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine and cystatin C‐estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney injury molecule‐1:creatinine ratio (KIM‐1:Cr).ResultsAt week 16, the mean UACR change from baseline was −39.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] −58.6, −11.9; P = 0.001) in the combined exenatide‐dapagliflozin group, −18.1% (95% CI −43.1, 18.0; P = 0.278) in the dapagliflozin group, −15.6% (95% CI −41.4, 21.6; P = 0.357) in the exenatide group and − 11.0% (95% CI −39.8, 31.5; P = 0.552) in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, UACR difference at week 16 in the exenatide‐dapagliflozin group was −32.2% (95% CI −60.7, 16.9; P = 0.159). Effects were similar in 37 participants who were using angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers at baseline. Compared to placebo, in the exenatide‐dapagliflozin group, an acute dip in estimated GFR was observed with creatinine‐estimated GFR (−4.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI −9.3, 1.2]; P = 0.129) and cystatin C‐estimated GFR (−10.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI −14.9, −5.8]; P < 0.001). The mean KIM‐1:Cr difference in the combined treatment arm versus placebo was −43.8% (95% CI −73.5, 18.9; P = 0.129).ConclusionThis prespecified secondary analysis suggests that combined therapy with exenatide and dapagliflozin may have synergistic effects on markers of kidney function compared to either therapy alone or placebo in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
The diagnostic yield of transthoracic echocardiography in the intensive care unit: A retrospective observational analysis
Authors: O'Riordan Fiona , Carton Meghan , Coughlan JJ , Fahy Arabella , Donnelly Maria , Moore David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a commonly requested ICU investigation. Despite this, limited data exist regarding the diagnostic yield of unselected TTEs in a heterogenous ICU population.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional, single‐center study was performed. All ICU patients admitted from January 2018 to February 2019 were included.AimsThe primary aim was to define the indications for, and diagnostic yield of, TTEs performed in the ICU. We also investigated the association between major abnormalities identified on TTE and mortality.ResultsThere were 358 patients admitted to the ICU during the study period. Of these patients, 115 (32%) had a TTE performed during their ICU stay. The primary indication was to assess left ventricular function. Just under two‐thirds of TTEs (65%) were normal or had minor abnormalities. Compared to the rest of the ICU population in our study (including both patients without a TTE performed and patients with a normal TTE), patients with an abnormal TTE had higher ICU (35.9% vs 21.3%, Odds Ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02–4.19, P = .04) and in‐hospital (43.6% vs 30.3%, OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.33–5.25, P = .01) mortality.ConclusionsA formal TTE was performed in one‐third of patients during their ICU admission. Major abnormalities were identified in over one‐third of these TTEs. ICU and in‐hospital mortality were higher in patients with an abnormal TTE.
The Effect of Item Preknowledge on Response Time: Analysis of Two Datasets Using the Multiple‐Group Lognormal Response Time Model with a Gating Mechanism
Authors: Zopluoglu Cengiz , Kasli Murat , Toton Sarah L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResponse time information has recently attracted significant attention in the literature as it may provide meaningful information about item preknowledge. The methods that use response time information to identify examinees with potential item preknowledge make an implicit assumption that the examinees with item preknowledge differ in their response time patterns when compared to examinees without item preknowledge. This study uses a multiple‐group extension of van der Linden's Lognormal Response Time Model with a gated mechanism to quantify the differences in latent speed between examinees with and without item preknowledge when responding to compromised and uncompromised items. Our findings indicate that there may be a wide range for potential effect of item preknowledge on response time. The effect of item preknowledge on response times is likely to be contextual and depends on many factors such as characteristics of test‐takers, the nature of item preknowledge, and item characteristics. We recommend that researchers systematically quantify the effect sizes in their studies, and if possible, manipulate the effect size for a wide range while studying the effectiveness of already existing or new methods to detect examinees with item preknowledge through simulation.
Intense winter grazing impairs subsequent Italian ryegrass re‐establishment in soybean‐pasture rotations
Authors: de Albuquerque Nunes Pedro Arthur , Andrés Laca Emilio , Robinson Kunrath Taise , de Souza Filho William , Posselt Martins Amanda , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe evaluated Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) establishment in a factorial of grazing intensity (intense, moderate, moderate‐light, light, and no grazing, with target average sward heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm in the grazed plots) and additional seeding (self‐seeding with or without additional seeding) in an integrated soybean‐beef cattle system in southern Brazil. Grazing treatments were imposed in winter (June–July) and followed by a direct‐seeded soybean crop (November). The establishment was quantified prior to the stocking periods in 2017 and 2018, corresponding to self‐seeding from 2016 and 2017. Intense grazing impaired ryegrass re‐establishment, resulting in larger individual plants (0.54 vs. 0.15 g dry matter plant−1) but lower population density (57 vs. 1,355 plants m−2) than in the other treatments. Additional broadcast ryegrass seeding did not fully compensate for the reduced natural reseeding in this treatment. The addition of seeds under intense grazing increased plant population density to values comparable to moderate grazing intensities but reduced individual plant mass, limiting herbage mass attained by the end of the pasture establishment phase. Contrastingly, the various combinations of individual plant mass and population density were sufficient to maintain herbage masses in moderate to light grazing intensities that were comparable to that in the ungrazed treatment, regardless of seed addition (63 vs. 180 g DM m−2 for intense grazing vs. the average of other treatments over the whole establishment phase). Moderate grazing, e.g., target sward heights of 20 cm or greater, is necessary to achieve a system that can sustain itself without seed addition.
Magic, Genderfluidity, and queer Vikings, ca. 750‐1050
Authors: Bell Jacob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrom the Nazi Reich to the deadly storming of the U.S. Capital building on January 6, 2021, symbols of pre‐Christian Norse religious practices, especially magic, have come to represent androcentricity, authoritarianism, and White nationalism. This modern misrepresentation contrasts how the Norse people themselves potentially saw these same signs and images: as subversive, subaltern, and queer. Rather than the austere and distorted image left to us by monastic chroniclers of later centuries, recent historical, archaeological, and literary studies have taken into consideration new evidence that suggests magic was a vibrant and interwoven part of everyday life for the Norse people in the Viking Age. New methodological approaches and material discoveries have enabled scholars to re‐evaluate the socio‐sexual systems of Viking‐Age Scandinavia and theorize about the potential for ungendered, transgendered, and gender‐fluid readings of how individuals subverted these regimes through sorcery. This article surveys this recent turn in Old Norse studies and explores the possibilities for such scholarship to revolutionize how we think of the Vikings' place in the circum‐polar history of Shamanism, gender‐bending, and queer magic.
Physical activity participation, flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity
Authors: McCoy Stephanie M. , Rupp Kristie 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBackgroundAdolescents with obesity are less likely to flourish and be academically engaged in comparison to their healthy weight peers. However, it is unknown how participation in physical activity influences flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity. The current study examined engagement in varying levels of physical activity and the likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity.MethodsAnalyses included 26 764 adolescents, ages 10–17 years, from the parent‐reported, combined 2016–2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Participants were grouped by physical activity levels (none, low, moderate, daily). Outcome variables included flourishing (finishing tasks, staying calm when faced with a challenge and showing interest in new things) and academic engagement (completing all required homework and caring about doing well in school). Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, household income, highest level of education in the household, behavioural conduct problems and depression assessed the likelihood of each outcome comparing physical activity levels among adolescents with obesity.ResultsAdolescents with obesity who participated in any amount of physical activity (low, moderate and daily) or sports had significantly greater likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement compared those that did not engage in any physical activity (p's < 0.05).ConclusionsParticipation in even low amounts of physical activity or participation in sports increases the likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity, which expands on previous findings that adolescents with obesity are less likely to flourish and be academically engaged in comparison to their healthy weight peers.
Partial neighborhood local searches
Authors: Tari Sara , Basseur Matthieu , Goëffon Adrien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study partial neighborhood local search (PNLS) techniques, which consist of adaptive walks where moves are chosen in a random subset of the current solution neighborhood. PNLSs balance between intensification and diversification is mainly determined by its single parameter λ designing the subset size. We analyze and discuss three PNLSs variants, using the abstraction of several combinatorial optimization problems into fitness landscapes: NK landscapes, Unconstrained Binary Quadratic Programming, Flow‐shop scheduling, and Quadratic Assignment. Our empirical study first analyses the structure of these landscapes through indicators. Then, we perform a parameter study of PNLSs for two computational budgets to study the impact of the sample size on the balance between intensification and diversification on different landscapes. Moreover, these experiments allow us to set an appropriate parameter value to compare the ability of PNLSs to reach good‐quality solutions accurately. Finally, we compare PNLS variants with two classical metaheuristics, identifying links between landscape characteristics and algorithms behavior.
Temperature effects on local structure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Im Sumin , Jee Hyeonseok , Suh Heongwon , Kanematsu Manabu , Morooka Satoshi , Taku Koyama , Yuhei Nishio , Machida Akihiko , Kim Jihoon , Bae Sungchul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aims to elucidate the effect of heating on the local atomic arrangements, structure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of synthesized calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H). The alteration in the atomic arrangement of the synthesized C–S–H (Ca/Si =0.8) and the formation of crystalline phases that occurred in three distinct transformation stages of dehydration (105°C–200°C), decomposition (300°C–600°C), and recrystallization (700°C–1000°C) were investigated via powder X‐ray diffraction,29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Further, the deformation of the local atomic bonding environment and variations in mechanical properties during the three stages were assessed via pair distribution function analysis based on in‐situ total X‐ray scattering. The results revealed that the C–S–H paste before heating exhibited a lower elastic modulus in real space than that in the reciprocal space in the initial loading stage because water molecules acted as a lubricant in the interlayer. At the dehydration stage, the strain as a function of external loading exhibited irregular deformation owing to the formation of additional pores induced by the evaporation of free moisture. At the decomposition stage, the structural deformation of the maind‐spacing (d ≈ 3.0 Å) was similar to that of the real space before the propagation of microcracks. At the recrystallization stage, the elastic modulus increased to 48 GPa owing to the thermal phase transformation of C–S–H to crystalline β‐wollastonite. The results provide direct experimental evidence of the microstructural and nanostructural deformation behavior of C–S–H pastes after exposure to high temperature under external loading.
Relational Power, Brokers and Influence: A Study on the Controversial Issue of Fracking in the European Union
Authors: Bocse Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article studies non‐state actors working in coalitions trying to influence the position of the European Parliament on fracking and shows that businesses can prevail in this arena. It explores the relationship between the inclusion of brokers in coalitions and the coalitions' ability to impact energy and environmental policy. Existing literatures focus on issue salience or attributional power to explain the success of non‐state actors in impacting policy developments. This paper shows that we need to take account of relational power (particularly the power that entities possess as policy subsystem brokers) to explain business influence. The study draws on a wide range of interviews with policy elites conducted during a six‐month fieldwork in Brussels. It uses an innovative combination of thematic analysis of interviews and social networks analysis to explain the success of business interests in influencing the EU policy on fracking.
How did the mental health symptoms of children and adolescents change over early lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK?
Authors: Waite Polly , Pearcey Samantha , Shum Adrienne , Raw Jasmine A. L. , Patalay Praveetha , Creswell Cathy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused extensive disruption to the lives of children and young people. Understanding the psychological effects on children and young people, in the context of known risk factors is crucial to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. This study set out to explore how mental health symptoms in children and adolescents changed over a month of full lockdown in the United Kingdom in response to the pandemic.MethodsUK‐based parents and carers (n = 2673) of school‐aged children and young people aged between 4 and 16 years completed an online survey about their child's mental health at two time points between March and May 2020, during early lockdown. The survey examined changes in emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention.ResultsThe findings highlighted particular deteriorations in mental health symptoms among preadolescent children, which translated to a 10% increase in those meeting possible/probable caseness criteria for emotional symptoms, a 20% increase in hyperactivity/inattention, and a 35% increase in conduct problems. In contrast, changes among adolescents were smaller (4% and 8% increase for hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems, respectively) with a small reduction in emotional symptoms (reflecting a 3% reduction in caseness). Overall, there were few differences in change in symptoms or caseness over time according to demographic characteristics, but children and young people in low income households and those with special educational needs and/or neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited elevated symptoms (and caseness) at both time points.ConclusionsThe findings highlight important areas of concern in terms of the potential impact of the first national lockdown on children and young people's adjustment. Developing an understanding of who has been most severely affected by the pandemic, and in what ways, is crucial in order to target effective support where it is most needed.
Tracking Retail Investor Activity
Authors: BOEHMER EKKEHART , JONES CHARLES M. , ZHANG XIAOYAN , ZHANG XINRAN 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe provide an easy method to identify marketable retail purchases and sales using recent, publicly available U.S. equity transactions data. Individual stocks with net buying by retail investors outperform stocks with negative imbalances by approximately 10 bps over the following week. Less than half of the predictive power of marketable retail order imbalance is attributable to order flow persistence, while the rest cannot be explained by contrarian trading (proxy for liquidity provision) or public news sentiment. There is suggestive, but only suggestive, evidence that retail marketable orders might contain firm‐level information that is not yet incorporated into prices.