bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of opioid versus non‐opioid analgesics in Medicaid and CHIP enrolled children with current asthma
Authors: Nair Abhishek A. , Farber Harold J. , Chen Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeOpioid analgesics are frequently dispensed in children despite its known risk in children with a compromised airway function. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of opioid analgesic dispensing in children with current asthma and to identify patient and prescriber factors associated with the dispensing of opioid versus non‐opioid analgesics.MethodsChildren <18 years of age, having current asthma and receiving an incident analgesic prescription were identified from a large Medicaid Managed Care Plan during years 2013 through 2018. Current asthma was defined as both receiving an asthma diagnosis and filling an anti‐asthmatic medication during the 12‐month period prior to the analgesic medication initiation. A scoring algorithm was applied to associate analgesic prescription with procedures and diagnoses according to perceived need for analgesia and time proximity.ResultsOf the 9529 children meeting the inclusion criteria, 2681 (28.1%) received an opioid prescription. Opioid analgesic dispensing was most common among children who had an outpatient surgery/procedure (29.4%), trauma (19.4%) dental procedure (18.4%), and respiratory infection (10.6%). Multivariable analysis indicated that non‐Hispanic Black (AOR: 0.39[0.3–0.5]) and Hispanic (AOR: 0.51[0.4–0.6]) children were less likely to receive an opioid analgesic compared to their non‐Hispanic White counterparts. Children with prior history of asthma‐related emergency department visit (AOR: 1.24[1.0–1.5]) and short acting beta agonist overuse (AOR: 1.33[1.1–1.7]) were more likely to fill an opioid analgesic prescription than those without.ConclusionOpioid analgesics are frequently dispensed to children with asthma. A higher dispensing rate was observed among non‐Hispanic White children and among those with a history of uncontrolled asthma.
Research on a strengthening method and mechanism of expanding polypropylene pipe
Authors: Ji Huajian , Wang Yu , Zhu Huihao , Ni Hui , Ma Yulu , Xie Linsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe expansion of deformation‐induced crystallization of polypropylene (PP) pipes was studied. The crystal structure and melting characteristics of the samples after expanding at different expansion strains and expansion temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that the crystallinity was improved when the PP pipes were expanded, and the expansion effect made the crystal structure more perfect while the expanding temperature did not exceed the crystallization temperature. However, once expanding temperature exceeded crystallization temperature, some β lamellae crystal were stretched and transformed into α crystals structure. It showed that the expansion effect could cause the crystal phase transformation of the sample. In addition, when the expanding strain was less than 15%, the β crystal diffraction peak intensity of the sample decreased, but the α crystal diffraction peak intensity increased, and the original sparse distribution lamellae structure gradually became compact. With the expanding strain continued to increase, the oriented molecular chains underwent stress relaxation, which hindered the conversion of β crystals to α crystals. The oriented crystal structure formed by the crystal phase transformation made the PP pipe have excellent tensile and impact strength. As a result, the hoop tensile strength is increased by 13%, and the impact strengths are increased by 36%.
Improving a universal intervention for reducing exclusionary discipline practices using student and teacher guidance
Authors: Nese Rhonda N. T. , Santiago‐Rosario María Reina , Malose Saki , Hamilton Jillian , Nese Joseph F. T. , Horner Rob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExclusionary discipline practices have a direct negative impact on individual students, schools, and society at large. To improve equity and cultural responsivity, active efforts to assess the contextual fit of effective strategies are necessary. The following study describes the Inclusive Skill‐building Learning Approach (ISLA), an intervention designed to support school staff in carrying out preventative strategies and outlines instructional responses for educators and office staff. Additionally, an iterative approach to inform changes was used as part of the development process of ISLA. This paper aims to capture and incorporate the voices of students and staff using multiple methods to seek feedback for refining the quality, feasibility, and contextual fit of the ISLA intervention in middle schools. A total of 53 school staff provided feedback on the ISLA intervention. Further, Design Team members (n = 26) participated in semi‐structured interview meetings to inform changes to ISLA. Last, student participants (n = 23) engaged in focus groups that were transcribed and coded via an independent co‐coding strategy. The findings provide support for preventative school‐based interventions that use alternatives to exclusionary discipline, as well as strategies for improving the ISLA intervention.
The role of sleep disturbance in the associations of borderline personality disorder symptom severity to nonsuicidal self‐injury and suicide risk among patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Scamaldo Kayla M. , Tull Matthew T. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study sought to examine the explanatory role of sleep disturbance in the associations of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptom severity to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicide risk within an at‐risk sample of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), as well as whether emotion regulation (ER) difficulties account for significant variance in the relations of sleep disturbance to NSSI and suicide risk. Patients in a residential SUD treatment facility (N = 166) completed a diagnostic interview and questionnaires. Results revealed significant indirect relations of BPD symptom severity to both NSSI frequency and suicide risk through sleep disturbance. In addition, ER difficulties accounted for significant variance in the relation of sleep disturbance to NSSI frequency (but not suicide risk). Findings highlight the relevance of sleep disturbance to the association between BPD symptoms and both suicidal and nonsuicidal self‐injury and suggest the potential utility of interventions aimed at improving sleep quality among individuals with BPD pathology.
Near‐infrared light for polymer re‐shaping and re‐processing applications
Authors: Launay Valentin , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe re‐shaping and reprocessing of polymers are usually associated with strong energetic costs, strongly limiting their practical usage. In this article, a new approach is proposed based on a near‐infrared (NIR) activation of the material in presence of a NIR heater for a highly efficient process upon ecofriendly NIR light emitting diodes irradiation. Markedly, due to this light‐triggered process, a spatial control of the shaping/reprocessing behavior can be obtained, that is, only the needed parts are irradiated preventing a heating of all the sample. In this work, different thermoplastics are reshaped or reprocessed due to NIR activation in presence of an organic NIR dye used as heater. As other examples of photothermal treatment upon NIR light, the on‐demand dehydration of polyethylene glycol (PEG‐based) hydrogels are also provided. All the processes are followed in real time by thermal imaging camera.
Bronchial ethanol injection therapy for airway obstruction in lung cancer patients
Authors: Okabe Fukuko , Yano Yukihiro , Kuge Tomoki , Uenami Takeshi , Kanazu Masaki , Mori Masahide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObstructive endobronchial tumours often cause decreased quality of life. Bronchial ethanol injection (BEI) therapy is considered an effective modality for airway dilatation or haemoptysis without specialist equipment. Here, we report experiences of two cases in which BEI therapy was effective for obstructive endobronchial tumours. In Case 1 with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy and balloon dilatation were performed as treatment for the left main bronchus restenosis after metallic stent insertion. In Case 2 with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy was performed after radiation therapy to the lesion that recurred in the entrance of the superior segment of the right lower lobe. Tumour progression was controlled with multiple BEI therapy. We consider BEI therapy useful because this procedure is easy to conduct, has low cost and can be done under particular conditions including post‐tracheobronchial stent placement and post‐radiation.
Recent Development of Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors Using Transition Metal Compounds as Electrode Materials
Authors: Lyu Lulu , Hooch Antink Wytse , Kim Young Seong , Kim Chae Won , Hyeon Taeghwan , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFlexible and stretchable supercapacitors (FS‐SCs) are promising energy storage devices for wearable electronics due to their versatile flexibility/stretchability, long cycle life, high power density, and safety. Transition metal compounds (TMCs) can deliver a high capacitance and energy density when applied as pseudocapacitive or battery‐like electrode materials owing to their large theoretical capacitance and faradaic charge‐storage mechanism. The recent development of TMCs (metal oxides/hydroxides, phosphides, sulfides, nitrides, and selenides) as electrode materials for FS‐SCs are discussed here. First, fundamental energy‐storage mechanisms of distinct TMCs, various flexible and stretchable substrates, and electrolytes for FS‐SCs are presented. Then, the electrochemical performance and features of TMC‐based electrodes for FS‐SCs are categorically analyzed. The gravimetric, areal, and volumetric energy density of SC using TMC electrodes are summarized in Ragone plots. More importantly, several recent design strategies for achieving high‐performance TMC‐based electrodes are highlighted, including material composition, current collector design, nanostructure design, doping/intercalation, defect engineering, phase control, valence tuning, and surface coating. Integrated systems that combine wearable electronics with FS‐SCs are introduced. Finally, a summary and outlook on TMCs as electrodes for FS‐SCs are provided.
Ionometallurgical Step‐Electrodeposition of Zinc and Lead and its Application in a Cycling‐Stable High‐Voltage Zinc‐Graphite Battery
Authors: Chen Peng , Richter Janine , Wang Gang , Li Dongqi , Pietsch Tobias , Ruck Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIonometallurgy is a new development aiming at the sustainable low‐temperature conversion of naturally occurring metal ores and minerals to their metals or valuable chemicals in ionic liquids (ILs) or deep eutectic solvents. The IL betainium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][NTf2], is especially suited for this process due to its redox‐stability and specific‐functionalization. The potentiostatic electrodeposition of zinc and lead starting directly from ZnO and PbO, which dissolve in [Hbet][NTf2] in high concentrations is reported. The initial reduction potentials of zinc(II) and lead(II) are about −1.5 and −1.0 V, respectively. The ionic conductivity of the solution of ZnO in [Hbet][NTf2] is measured and the effect of various temperatures and potentials on the morphology of the deposited material is explored. The IL proves to be stable under the chosen conditions. From IL‐solutions, where ZnO, PbO, and MgO have been dissolved, metallic Zn and Pb are deposited under potentiostatic control either consecutively by step‐electrodeposition or together in a co‐electrodeposition. Using the method, Zn is also deposited on 3D copper foam and assembles into high‐voltage zinc‐graphite battery. It exhibits a working‐voltage up to 2.7 V, an output midpoint discharge‐voltage of up to 2.16 V, up to 98.6% capacity‐retention after 150 cycles, and good rate performance.
Application of a Poisson deep neural network model for the prediction of count data in genome‐based prediction
Authors: Montesinos‐Lopez Osval A. , Montesinos‐Lopez Jose C. , Salazar Eduardo , Barron Jose Alberto , Montesinos‐Lopez Abelardo , Buenrostro‐Mariscal Raymundo , Crossa Jose 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) is revolutionizing conventional ways of developing new plants and animals. However, because it is a predictive methodology, GS strongly depends on statistical and machine learning to perform these predictions. For continuous outcomes, more models are available for GS. Unfortunately, for count data outcomes, there are few efficient statistical machine learning models for large datasets or for datasets with fewer observations than independent variables. For this reason, in this paper, we applied the univariate version of the Poisson deep neural network (PDNN) proposed earlier for genomic predictions of count data. The model was implemented with (a) the negative log‐likelihood of Poisson distribution as the loss function, (b) the rectified linear activation unit as the activation function in hidden layers, and (c) the exponential activation function in the output layer. The advantage of the PDNN model is that it captures complex patterns in the data by implementing many nonlinear transformations in the hidden layers. Moreover, since it was implemented in Tensorflow as the back‐end, and in Keras as the front‐end, the model can be applied to moderate and large datasets, which is a significant advantage over previous GS models for count data. The PDNN model was compared with deep learning models with continuous outcomes, conventional generalized Poisson regression models, and conventional Bayesian regression methods. We found that the PDNN model outperformed the Bayesian regression and generalized Poisson regression methods in terms of prediction accuracy, although it was not better than the conventional deep neural network with continuous outcomes.
Through Lines: Exploring Past/Present Connections in Middle Grade Novels
Authors: Kuehl Rachelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, the public outcry after the death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police revealed a disconnect among some Americans between historical events (slavery, the Civil Rights movement) and the present day. That is, many Americans—particularly White Americans—had believed racism to be a mostly historical construct and failed to understand the ways in which past societal structures continue to influence racial inequities today. This article explores the use of historical and modern novel pairs to bridge gaps in understanding for middle grade readers. Reading high‐quality, culturally authentic books such asEsperanza Rising(Ryan, 2000) andReturn to Sender(Alvarez, 2009) can help students recognize the systemic nature of racism and critically consider ways in which they can use their own voices to disrupt it. Included in this piece are instructional ideas and multiple novel pair suggestions.
Sentinel serosurveillance of backyard hens proved West Nile virus circulation in the western provinces of Turkey
Authors: Albayrak Harun , Sahindokuyucu Ismail , Muftuoglu Bahadir , Tamer Cuneyt , Kadi Hamza , Ozan Emre , Yilmaz Ozge , Kilic Hamza , Kurucay Hanne Nur , Coven Fethiye , Gumusova Semra , Yazici Zafer , Elhag Ahmed Eisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito‐borne virus of a re‐emergence importance with a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Granted, it causes asymptomatic infection, but fatal cases and neurologic disorders were also recorded, especially in humans, horses and some exposed birds. The virus is globally spread and birds are considered an amplifying and reservoir host of WNV, helping to spread the disease due to their close contact with main hosts. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of antibodies against WNV in backyard hens that were reared in the western Anatolian part of Turkey. A total of 480 chicken sera were randomly collected from six provinces in the west of Turkey (Mugla, Izmir, Aydin, Afyonkarahisar, Kutahya and Manisa) with 80 samples from each province (40 in spring and 40 in fall seasons). They were tested by using a competitive ELISA method to identify the specific avian antibodies of IgG that produced against the WNV envelope proteins (pr‐E). Twelve of 480 (2.5%) sera were found seropositive, three of these positive sera were detected from the Izmir province (3.75%) collected in the spring session and the other nine positive sera were detected from the Mugla province (11.25%) collected in the fall session. Both of these provinces are located seaside and have suitable climate conditions for vectors of infection. The results indicated that WNV infection is in circulation in these provinces, and that may put the other susceptible vertebrates under risk of infection.
First porcine abortion associated withTrueperella abortisuisin the United Kingdom
Authors: Jørgensen Pernille Knøs , Ahmed Marwa F. E. , Thomson Jill , Lämmler Christoph , Bell Jennifer , Alssahen Mazen , Abdulmawjood Amir , Fraser Eilidh , Foster Geoffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study reports the isolation ofTrueperella abortisuisfrom pooled fetal stomach contents of aborted swine fetuses from a single sow in North‐East Scotland. The organism was not isolated in purity; however, a diagnosis of fetopathy due toT. abortisuiswas made due to predominant growth of the bacterium in addition to confirmative histopathological findings. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report of the isolation ofT. abortisuisfrom porcine abortion material in the United Kingdom.
When talk is not cheap: What factors predict political campaign messaging on social determinants of health issues?
Authors: Gollust Sarah E. , Frenier Chris , Tait Margaret , Baum Laura L. , Kennedy‐Hendricks Alene , Niederdeppe Jeff , Franklin Fowler Erika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolitical candidates use campaign communication to signal to the public which policy issues they consider important. However, the factors that shape political discourse related to the social determinants of health have not been adequately studied. We examined the volume and predictors of attention to three issues—jobs, income inequality, and early childhood education—among campaign ads in 2011–2012 (N = 10,467 ads, aired 4,025,771 times) and in 2015–2016 (N = 9926 ads, aired 3,809,887 times). While attention to jobs was common in campaign ads (41% and 21% of ads in 2011–2012 and 2015–2016), attention to economic inequality (11% and 4%) and early childhood education (0.4% and 0.9%) was much less common. Campaign‐related factors (especially partisanship) explain much of the variation, as compared to community demographic conditions, although campaign ads referenced jobs more often in areas with higher unemployment in 2015–2016. Future research should explore political responsiveness to the factors that shape health in communities.
Migrant Cine-Eye: Storytelling in Documentary and Participatory Filmmaking
Authors: Trencsényi Klára , Naumescu Vlad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe so-called European ‘refugee crisis’ has bred a profusion of audiovisual accounts throughout the region, many of which aimed to give voice to hitherto voiceless, uprooted people. But as many of these ‘untold stories’ gain material expression as storylines, we are urged to consider the implications of yet another form of displacement: from the historical person to the film character, from personal stories to media representations. The growing interest into the migrant issue and visual representations of refugees have played an important role in the public construction of the ‘crisis’ but have also, paradoxically, obscured or silenced migrant voices. The authors of this paper, a documentary filmmaker (Trencsényi) and a social anthropologist (Naumescu) seek to explore narrative strategies and ethics of representation in European documentaries made after 2010 as well as their participatory filmmaking project developed in the wake of the 2015 refugee crisis in Hungary. Having collaborated on several documentary films and filmmaking workshops, they approach this issue from the perspective of practitioners, offering a critical reflection as well as possible strategies for those aiming to produce audiovisual works in this field. The inclusion of refugees’ insight and their ways of constructing their own stories as well as their own observations on the receiving societies can open new possibilities for collaboration and creative engagement for social scientists and filmmakers preparing visual fieldnotes, ethnographic and documentary films as well as participatory projects.
More on the flavor dependence of mϱ/fπ
Authors: Kotov Andrey Yu. , Nogradi Daniel , Szabo Kalman K. , Szikszai Lorinc 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In previous work, [arXiv:1905.01909], we have calculated the mϱ/fπ ratio in the chiral and continuum limit for SU(3) gauge theory coupled to Nf = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 fermions in the fundamental representation. The main result was that this ratio displays no statistically significant Nf-dependence. In the present work we continue the study of the Nf-dependence by extending the simulations to Nf = 7, 8, 9, 10. Along the way we also study in detail the Nf-dependence of finite volume effects on low energy observables and a particular translational symmetry breaking unphysical, lattice artefact phase specific to staggered fermions.
A note on Kerr/CFT and Wald entropy discrepancy in high derivative gravities
Authors: Liu Hai-Shan , Lü H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We examine the Kerr/CFT correspondence in Einstein gravity extended with quadratic curvature invariants. We consider two explicit examples in four and five dimensions and compute the central charges of the asymptotic symmetry algebras of the near horizon geometries, using the improved version of the BBC formalism that encompasses the information of the Lagrangian. We find that the resulting Cardy entropy differs from the Wald entropy, caused by the Riemann-squared RμνρσRμνρσ term.
Plant speciation in the face of recurrent climate changes in the Alps
Authors: Parisod Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main, continuous mountain range of the European Alpine System (i.e., the Alps) hosts a diversified pool of species whose evolution has long been investigated. The legacy of past climate changes on the distribution of high-elevation plants as well as taxa differentially adapted to the mosaic of edaphic conditions (i.e., surmised ecotypes on calcareous, siliceous, serpentine bedrocks) and the origin of new species are here discussed based on available evidence from endemic taxa across the Alps. The integration of main spatial and ecological patterns within and among species supports speciation driven by spatial isolation in main glacial refugia where plant populations survived during cold phases and hindered by intense gene flow along main expansion pathways during warm phases. Despite patterns of genetic differentiation matching environmental heterogeneity, processes underlying the dynamics of distribution ranges likely promoted recurrent homogenization of incipient divergence and generally hindered the completion of speciation (except for cases of hybrid speciation). Even intense selective pressures on toxic bedrocks such as serpentine seemingly fail to support the completion of speciation. Accordingly, typical scenarios of ecological speciation whereby local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity initiates and supports long-term reduction of gene flow may rarely be at the origin of stable species in the Alps. Although consistent with neutral processes whereby spatial isolation driven by past climate changes promoted reproductive isolation and yielded limited diversification, mechanisms at the origin of new species across heterogeneous landscapes of the Alps remain insufficiently known. Necessary advances to reliably understand the evolution of biodiversity in the Alps and identify possible museums or cradles of variation in face of climate changes are discussed.