bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent disconnectome prediction of long-term cognitive symptoms in stroke
Authors: Talozzi Lia , Forkel Stephanie , Pacella Valentina , Nozais Victor , Corbetta Maurizio , Nachev Parashkev , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stroke significantly impacts quality of life. However, the long-term cognitive evolution in stroke is poorly predictable at the individual level. There is an urgent need for a better prediction of long-term symptoms based on acute clinical neuroimaging data. Previous works have demonstrated a strong relationship between the location of white matter disconnections and clinical symptoms. However, rendering the entire space of possible disconnections-deficit associations optimally surveyable will allow for a systematic association between brain disconnections and cognitive-behavioural measures at the individual level. Here we present the most comprehensive framework, a composite morphospace to predict neuropsychological scores one year after stroke. Linking the latent disconnectome morphospace to neuropsychological outcomes yields biological insights available as the first comprehensive atlas of disconnectome-deficit relations across 86 neuropsychological scores. Out-of-sample prediction derived from this atlas achieved average accuracy over 80%, which is higher than any other framework. Our novel predictive framework is available as an interactive web application, the disconnectome symptoms discoverer (http://disconnectomestudio.bcblab.com), to provide the foundations for a new and practical approach to modelling cognition in stroke. Our atlas and web application will reduce the burden of cognitive deficits on patients, their families, and wider society while also helping to tailor personalized treatment programs and discover new targets for treatments. We expect the range of assessments and the predictive power of our framework to increase even further through future crowdsourcing.
Estimating the proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in an Italian region with intermediate incidence during the first pandemic wave: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Martinelli Domenico , Fortunato Francesca , Mazzilli Sara , Bisceglia Lucia , Lopalco Pier Luigi , Prato Rosa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, asymptomatic transmission represented an important challenge for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the traditional public health strategies. Further understanding of the contribution of asymptomatic infections to SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been of crucial importance for pandemic control. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to characterize asymptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred in the Apulia region, Italy, during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 outbreak (February 29 - July 7, 2020). We analyzed data collected in a regional platform developed to manage surveillance activities, namely investigation and follow-up of cases and contacts, contact tracing, laboratory and clinical data collection. We included all asymptomatic cases that were laboratory-confirmed during the appropriate follow-up, defined as persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 who did not develop symptoms/clinical signs of the disease. Between February 29 and July 7, 2020, a total of 4,536 cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 among 193,757 tests performed. The group of persons with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection consisted of 903 cases; the asymptomatic proportion was 19.9% (95%CI: 18.8-21.1%); this decreased with increasing age (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.83-0.96; p=0.001), in individuals with underlying comorbidities (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.41-0.73; p<0.001), and in males (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.54-0.87; p=0.002). The median asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive period was 19 days (IQR: 14-31) and the cumulative proportion of persons with resolution of infection 14 days after the first positive PCR test was 74%. As the public health community is debating the question of whether asymptomatic and late spreaders could sustain virus transmission in the communities, such cases present unique opportunities to gain insight into SARS-CoV-2 adaptation to human host. This has important implications for future COVID-19 surveillance and prevention.
Exploring Current Role of Nanotechnology Used in Food Processing Industry to Control Food Additives and their Biochemical Mechanisms
Authors: Dey Sudatta , Samadder Asmita , Nandi Sisir 
Published: December 2021

Background:With the advent of food additives centuries ago, the human race has found ways to improve and maintain the safety of utility, augment the taste, color, texture, nutritional value, and appearance of the food. Since the 19th century, when the science behind food spoilage was discerned, food additives in food preservation have been increasing worldwide and at a fast pace to get along with modern lifestyles. Although food additives are thought to be used to benefit the food market, some of them are found to be associated with several health issues at an alarming rate. Studies are still going on regarding the mechanisms by which food additives affect public health. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find out the remedies by exploiting technologies that may convey new properties of food additives that can only enhance the quality of food without having any systemic side effects. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the production of nano-food additives and evaluates its success regarding reduction in the health-related hazards by collaterally maintaining the food nutrient value.Methodology:A thorough literature study was performed using scientific databases, like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, for determining the design of the study, and each article was checked for citation and referred to formulate the present review article.Conclusion:Nanotechnology can be applied in the food processing industry to control the unregulated use of food additives and intervene in the biochemical mechanisms at a cellular and physiological level for ensuring the safety of food products. The prospective of nano-additive of chemical origin could be useful to reduce risks of hazards related to human health that are caused majorly due to the invasion of food contaminants (either intentional or non-intentional) into food, though this area still needs scientific validation. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive knowledge on different facets of food contaminants and also serves as a platform of ideas for encountering health risk problems about the design of improved versions of nano-additives.
Comparing Antibiotic Pastes with Electrospun Nanofibers as Modern Drug Delivery Systems for Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Serdaroğlu Dilek Çökeliler , Brimo Nura , Uysal Busra 
Published: December 2021

:
Nanomaterials can be applied in different biomedical applications like diagnosis, treatment,
and drug delivery due to their unique features. Using such materials in the endodontic treatment processes
may prove challenging as these materials must exhibit antibacterial effects without posing any
harm to the host cells. The approach involving nanofibers loaded with various antibacterial drugs offers
a potential treatment method to enhance the elimination procedure of intracanal biofilms. Clinically,
many models of bacterial biofilms were prepared under in vitro conditions for different aims. The process
of drug delivery from polymeric nanofibers is based on the principle that the releasing ratio of drug
molecules increases due to the increase in the surface area of the hosted structure. Our review discusses
diverse approaches to loading/releasing drugs on/from nanofibers; we summarized many studies on
electrospun nanofibers loaded with various drugs applied in the endodontic field. Moreover, we discussed
both the advantages and the limitations of these modern endodontic treatment materials, comparing
them with the traditional ones.
Systematic Characterization of Heterogeneity Caused by Neuroinflammation
in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Integrative Network Analysis
Authors: Wang Yingying , Liu Jianfeng , Li Yufeng , Yang Yu , Li Keshen 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. As a heterogenous disease, there are several clinically and pathobiological defined subtypes with different molecular signatures. Neuroinflammation contributed to AD pathogenesis, however, the roles it played in the heterogeneity of AD was unclear.

Objective:
We aimed to illustrate the roles neuroinflammation played in the heterogeneity of AD.

Method:
An integrative network analysis based on transcriptomics, miRNOmics, and proteomics was performed to illustrate the heterogeneous characters of AD. Combined-functional-networks and hypothesis-network were constructed and analyzed to explore the roles neuroinflammation played in AD heterogeneity.

Results:
Astrocytes, microglia, ‘M2 macrophage-Neuron’, and ‘Microglia- Neuron’ were shown to be enriched in neuroinflammation related functional terms in a cell- and spatial-specific way. The microglia and neurons could interact with each other in three different ways including indirect interactions via intermediate cells, indirect interactions via soluble factors, and direct interactions established localized and functionally distinct signaling, all of which were used to control different biological processes. The combined network analyses exhibited the key roles neuroinflammation plays in the 'AD hypothesis network’.

Conclusion :
The AD heterogeneity may be caused by the heterogeneous cells involved in neuroinflammation and the crosstalks between spatial-specific molecular signatures.
Network Analysis of Dengue NS1 Interacting Core Human Proteins Driving
Dengue Pathogenesis
Authors: Elumalai Elakkiya , Muthuvel Suresh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
We aimed to identify critical human proteins involved in cathepsin L regulation

Background:
It has been shown that Dengue Virus (DENV) NS1 activates cathepsin L (CTSL). The CTSL activates heparanase, which cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans and causes dengue pathogenesis. NS1 directly interacts with PTBP1 and Gab proteins. Gab protein activates the Ras signaling pathway. Still, no known direct interaction partners are linking GAB1 to cathepsin L.

Objective:
Our objective includes three main points.1-Network analysis of NS1 interacting human proteins 2- Identification of protein-drug and protein-disease interactions 3- Identification of core proteins involved in cathepsin L regulation.

Method:
We collected NS1 interacting Human proteins from DenHunt, Int-Act Molecular Interaction Database, Virus Mentha, Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR), and Virus MINT. We employed Pesca, cytohubba, and centiscape as the significant plug-ins in Cytoscape for network analysis. To study protein-diseases and protein-drugs interaction, we used NetworkAnalyst.

Result:
Based on the prior knowledge on the interaction of NS1 with GAB1 and PTBP1 human proteins, we found several core proteins that drive dengue pathogenesis. The proteins EED, NXF1, and MOV10, are the mediators between PTBP1 and CTSL. Similarly, DNM2, GRB2, PXN, PTPRC, and NTRK1 mediate GAB1 and PTBP1. The common first neighbors of MOV10, NXF1, and EED were identified, and the common primary pathways in all three subnetworks were mRNA processing and protein translation. The common interaction partners were considered for drug and disease network analysis. These proteins were; PARP1, NFKB2, HDAC2, SLC25A4, ATP5A1, EPN1, CTSL, UBR4, CLK3, and ARPC4. PARP1 was the highly connected node in the protein-drug network. The highest degree protein, LMNA, was associated with many diseases. The NXF1 is connected with LMNA. Here, we reported one essential protein, namely, NXF1 protein, which links PTBP1 with CTSL. The NXF1 is also connected with TPM3, which is connected to CTSL.

Conclusion:
We listed functionally important proteins which are involved in cathepsin L activation. Based on network properties, we proposed, NXF1 and TPM3 are the important high centrality proteins in dengue infection.
A Veteran-Centric Web-Based Decision Aid for Lung Cancer Screening: Usability Analysis
Authors: Schapira Marilyn M , Chhatre Sumedha , Prigge Jason M , Meline Jessica , Kaminstein Dana , Rodriguez Keri L , Fraenkel Liana , Kravetz Jeffrey D , Whittle Jeff , Bastian Lori A , Vachani Anil , Akers Scott , Schrand Susan , Ibarra Jennifer V , Asan Onur 
Published: December 2021

Background
Web-based tools developed to facilitate a shared decision-making (SDM) process may facilitate the implementation of lung cancer screening (LCS), an evidence-based intervention to improve cancer outcomes. Veterans have specific risk factors and shared experiences that affect the benefits and potential harms of LCS and thus may value a veteran-centric LCS decision tool (LCSDecTool).

Objective
This study aims to conduct usability testing of an LCSDecTool designed for veterans receiving care at a Veteran Affairs medical center.

Methods
Usability testing of the LCSDecTool was conducted in a prototype version (phase 1) and a high-fidelity version (phase 2). A total of 18 veterans and 8 clinicians participated in phase 1, and 43 veterans participated in phase 2. Quantitative outcomes from the users included the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) in phase 1 and the SUS, EUCS, and Patient Engagement scale in phase 2. Qualitative data were obtained from observations of user sessions and brief interviews. The results of phase 1 informed the modifications of the prototype for the high-fidelity version. Phase 2 usability testing took place in the context of a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial.

Results
In the phase 1 prototype usability testing, the mean SUS score (potential range: 0-100) was 81.90 (SD 9.80), corresponding to an excellent level of usability. The mean EUCS score (potential range: 1-5) was 4.30 (SD 0.71). In the phase 2 high-fidelity usability testing, the mean SUS score was 65.76 (SD 15.23), corresponding to a good level of usability. The mean EUCS score was 3.91 (SD 0.95); and the mean Patient Engagement scale score (potential range 1 [low] to 5 [high]) was 4.62 (SD 0.67). The median time to completion in minutes was 13 (IQR 10-16). A thematic analysis of user statements documented during phase 2 high-fidelity usability testing identified the following themes: a low baseline level of awareness and knowledge about LCS increased after use of the LCSDecTool; users sought more detailed descriptions about the LCS process; the LCSDecTool was generally easy to use, but specific navigation challenges remained; some users noted difficulty understanding medical terms used in the LCSDecTool; and use of the tool evoked veterans’ struggles with prior attempts at smoking cessation.

Conclusions
Our findings support the development and use of this eHealth technology in the primary care clinical setting as a way to engage veterans, inform them about a new cancer control screening test, and prepare them to participate in an SDM discussion with their provider.
Media Source Characteristics Regarding Food Fraud Misinformation According to the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) in China: Comparative Study
Authors: Chang Angela , Schulz Peter Johannes , Jiao Wen , Yu Guoming , Yang Ya 
Published: December 2021

Background
Ongoing rumors and fake news regarding food fraud, adulteration, and contamination are highly visible. Health risk information circulating through media and interpersonal communication channels has made health crisis an important research agenda.

Objective
This study explored the issue of food fraud and the effect of misinformation. Further, it assessed whether and how these issues have provided evidence-based interventions for food handlers and regulators to mitigate fraud misinformation.

Methods
The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was adopted for a collaborative study in China, after which a cross-sectional survey with door-to-door interviews was performed. Participants from Beijing and Hefei were selected using multistage sampling of adults in May 2017. Based on 4 government surveillance reports on food rumors and safety incidents, a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance were performed on the data.

Results
A total of 3090 results were gathered and analyzed. Among the respondents, 83.6% (2584/3090) heard at least one food rumor. Learning about food fraud was correlated with interpersonal connections (eg, doctors or health specialists) for accessing food health information. Overall, Chinese citizens with a higher level of interpersonal connection were more likely to be concerned about food incidents with a statistical difference (P<.001). Interpersonal connection was the most frequent communication source (698/1253, 55.7%), followed by traditional media (325/1253, 25.9%) and internet portals (144/1253, 11.5%). There was a significant relationship between media use and media category in Beijing (P<.001) and Hefei (P<.001). Overall, responses to food fraud and incident risks were lower in Beijing than in Hefei (P=.006). The respondents in Beijing were confronted more frequently by food rumors (range 346-1253) than those in Hefei (range 155-946). The urban dwellers in Beijing and their rural counterparts in Hefei also differed in terms of perceiving different levels of food risks from different media sources. The food rumor narratives that examined the conspiracy belief showed that social media played more important roles in influencing attitudes against misinformation for users in Hefei than in Beijing.

Conclusions
This study shows that consumers have to be on guard against not only fake food, but also spreading fake information and rumors, as well as conspiracy beliefs involving fake food. This study focused on characterizing media sources, types of food fraud misinformation, and risk perceptions of food safety, which mix urgency and suspicion, and attempted to provide evidence-based interventions for risk management guidance, with the hypothesis of significant correlations between media types and sources, and consumer exposure and perception levels of food rumors and risks.
Status iodium pada anak usia sekolah berdasarkan ekskresi iodium urin dan asupan iodium
Authors: Putri Widya Ayu Kurnia , Briawan Dodik , Syarief Hidayat , Amelia Leily 
Published: December 2021

Iodine status in school-age children determined from iodine urine excretion and iodine intakeBackground: School-age children are more at risk if they experience deficiencies and excess iodine. The concentration of iodine in urine is a good biomarker for assessing iodine intake, 90% of iodine intake will be excreted through urine. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the iodine status of school-age children based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and iodine intake.Method: The study design used a cross-sectional study on 44 healthy school-aged children in Bogor Regency. Subject selection was done purposively in healthy 5th-grade elementary school students. The data taken in this study was urine iodine excretion concentration and food recall (1x24 hours). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation test.Results: Median iodine excretion concentration in urine was 157 μg/l and the average daily iodine intake of children was 83.29 mg/day. Conclusion: The concentration of iodine excretion in the urine of the children is in the category of sufficient iodine as recommended by WHO / UNICEF / ICCID while the daily intake of iodine for children is still in the less category. The results showed that there was no association of iodine daily intake with iodine excretion concentration in urine(p=0.469).
Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik
Authors: Lestari Rahma Wati Dwi , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Syauqy Ahmad , Panunggal Binar , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu'ah 
Published: December 2021

Effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes Background: Carbohydrate arrangement considering the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (BG) are important to support the performance of athletes.Objective: To examine the effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes.Methods: Quasi-experimental study on 14 male young soccer players aged 15-18 years old at Terang Bangsa Soccer School. Each subject completed 4 trials separated by at least 7 days as a washout period. Diets provided consist of high GI with high GL diet (H-H), low GI with high GL diet (L-H), high GI with low GL (H-L), and low GI with low GL diet (L-L). Collected data were fasting blood glucose level (BGL 0), blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hours after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after exercise (BGL 3).Results: The results of paired t-test analysis showed that there were differences between fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level one hour after intervention, blood glucose level one hour after intervention and blood glucose level two hours after intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention and blood glucose level after exercise in the H-H and L-H diet group. In the L-L diet group, there were differences between BGL 2 and BGL 3. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels one hour after the intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention, and blood glucose level after exercise between groups.Conclusions: High glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hour postprandial and after exercise. Low glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels after exercise. Diets with the arrangement of glycemic index and glycemic load did not affect blood glucose levels between diet groups.