bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the spine: a single‐institution experience
Authors: Righi Alberto , Pacheco Marina , Pipola Valerio , Gambarotti Marco , Benini Stefania , Sbaraglia Marta , Frisoni Tommaso , Boriani Stefano , Dei Tos Angelo P , Gasbarrini Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AimsTo present our experience on spinal sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) and review the existing literature pertaining to SEF of the spine.Methods and resultsSix cases of spinal SEF were reviewed, and a literature search of all primary SEFs of the spine was performed. All tumours occurred in adults (median age, 41 years) and were located all along the spine, the lumbar vertebrae being the most commonly involved. All patients presented with pain that they had experienced for months. The mean tumour size at diagnosis was 52 mm. Five tumours showed a spectrum of microscopic features consistent with pure SEF, and one showed a hybrid morphology with areas of low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. All were diffusely and strongly positive for mucin 4. Two cases were initially misdiagnosed as epithelioid haemangioendothelioma and aggressive chondroblastoma. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation showed rearrangements of either FUS or EWSR1 in four cases. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of FUS–CREB3L1 and EWSR1–CREB3L1 fusion transcripts in two cases and one case, respectively. Of five patients with follow‐up data available, two developed one or more local recurrences and three patients had metastatic disease. Distant metastases were mainly to other osseous locations, followed by lungs and lymph nodes. At last follow‐up, three patients had died of disease and one was alive with multiple metastases.ConclusionsSEF is an aggressive sarcoma that can involve the spine. It is important to recognise the spine as the primary location of SEF, in order to avoid misdiagnosis as more common primary spinal neoplasms, which can impact on therapeutic approaches.
Histopathology at autopsy: why bother?
Authors: Matkowski Amber F I , Benbow Emyr W 
Published: January 2021

AimsThe frequency of histopathological sampling at autopsy varies, even though inadequate sampling may limit the value of autopsy reports. This study aims to investigate the contribution of histopathology at autopsy in a major teaching hospital.Methods and resultsA total of 532 coronial autopsy reports from Manchester Royal Infirmary were analysed retrospectively. Gross and microscopic diagnoses were compared and classified as concordant, discordant, histology needed (i.e. indeterminate or unremarkable gross findings) or autolysed. Revisions made to the cause of death following histopathology were categorised as: altered direct cause of death, altered indirect cause of death, concordant with supportive information, irrelevant or inconclusive. The study was limited to brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung and spleen. Histopathology had been requested in 141 cases (27%), which were further analysed. The greatest discordance between gross and microscopic findings was observed in the lung (11.6%). The organs most frequently requiring histopathology to provide a diagnosis were the kidney and lung, at 52.8 and 28.2%, respectively. Alterations were made to the direct cause of death in 45% of cases where histopathology was taken; it provided additional or supportive information in a further 38%. Diagnoses of primary malignancy had a sensitivity of 74% [confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–0.86] and bronchopneumonia had a sensitivity of 45% (CI = 0.29–0.62).ConclusionHistopathology has a major impact on the interpretation of organ pathology and determining a cause of death at autopsy.
Vitellogenin expression in the ovaries of adult honeybee workers provides insights into the evolution of reproductive and social traits
Authors: Cardoso‐Júnior C. A. M. , Oldroyd B. P. , Ronai I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial insects are notable for having two female castes that exhibit extreme differences in their reproductive capacity. The molecular basis of these differences is largely unknown. Vitellogenin (Vg) is a powerful antioxidant and insulin‐signalling regulator used in oocyte development. Here we investigate how Royal Jelly (the major food of honeybee queens) and queen mandibular pheromone (a major regulator of worker fertility), affect the longevity and reproductive status of honey bee workers, the expression of Vg, its receptor VgR and associated regulatory proteins. We find that Vg is expressed in the ovaries of workers and that workers fed a queen diet of Royal Jelly have increased Vg expression in the ovaries. Surprisingly, we find that expression of Vg is not associated with ovary activation in workers, suggesting that this gene has potentially acquired non‐reproductive functions. Therefore, Vg expression in the ovaries of honeybee workers provides further support for the Ovarian Ground Plan Hypothesis, which argues that genes implicated in the regulation of reproduction have been co‐opted to regulate behavioural differences between queens and workers.
PAQR11 modulates monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lin Yijun , Huang Meiqin , Wang Shuo , You Xue , Zhang Lingling , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDuring inflammation or tissue injury, pro‐inflammatory mediators attract migratory monocytes to inflammatory sites and monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation occurs to activate macrophages. We report here that PAQR11, a member of the progesterone and AdipoQ receptor family, regulates monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Paqr11 gene was highly induced during monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation. Knockdown or deletion of Paqr11 inhibited monocyte differentiation but had little effect on macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, PAQR11 promoted cell survival as apoptosis was increased by Paqr11 knockdown or deletion. Activation of the MAPK signalling pathway was involved in the regulatory role of PAQR11 on monocyte differentiation and cell survival. C/EBPβ regulated the expression of Paqr11 at the transcriptional level. In mice, deletion of Paqr11 gene alleviated progression of collagen‐induced rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, these results provide strong evidence that PAQR11 has a function in monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation and such function is related to autoimmune disease in vivo.
Infants’ learning of non‐adjacent regularities from visual sequences
Authors: Bettoni Roberta , Bulf Hermann , Brady Shannon , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTracking adjacent (AD) and non‐adjacent (NAD) dependencies in a sequence of elements is critical for the development of many complex abilities, such as language acquisition and social interaction. While learning of AD in infancy is a domain‐general ability that is functioning across different domains, infants’ processing of NAD has been reported only for speech sequences. Here, we tested 9‐ to 12‐ and 13‐ to 15‐month‐olds’ ability to extract AxB grammars in visual sequences of unfamiliar elements. Infants were habituated to a series of 3‐visual arrays following an AxB grammar in which the first element (A) predicted the third element (B), while intervening X elements changed continuously. Following habituation, infants were tested with 3‐item arrays in which initial and final positions were switched (novel) or kept consistent with the habituation phase (familiar). Older infants successfully recognized the familiar AxB grammar at test, whereas the younger group showed some sensitivity to extract to NAD, albeit in a less robust form. This finding provides the first evidence that the ability to track NAD is a domain‐general ability that is present also in the visual domain and that the sensitivity to such dependencies is related to developmental changes, as demonstrated in the auditory domain.
Influence of transition readiness from paediatric to adult health care on quality of life in child–parent dyads with long‐term conditions
Authors: Ma Jiali , Gong Geyan , Zhang Taomei , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo delineate the impact of perspective of children's transition readiness from paediatric to adult health care on quality of life in child–parent dyads with long‐term conditions. We used Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to identify actor effects (effect of one's own transition readiness on one's own quality of life) and partner effects (effect of one's own transition readiness on the partner's quality of life).DesignA multi‐centre cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe study was conducted in two paediatric hospitals in China from October 2018‐August 2019. We used a researcher‐designed questionnaire to collect demographic and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, we used four questionnaires assessing transition readiness and quality of life in child and parent respectively to collect data from 370 child–parent dyads. Structural equation modelling was applied to estimate the effect of actor–partner interdependence models.ResultsThe total score of transition readiness had two actor effects on total child and parent quality of life controlling for age (βchildren = 3.335,p = .032 andβparents = 8.952,p < .001), while only one actor effect controlling for gender (βparents = 8.891,p < .001). Specific transition readiness dimensions had different partner effects on different domains of children and parents' quality of life. Moreover, younger children and fathers had a better quality of life.ConclusionOur study verified inherently interpersonal relationship that transition readiness appeared to influence quality of life in child–parent dyads with long‐term conditions.ImpactThis study was the first to verify mutual influence of transition readiness and quality of life in child–parent dyad using actor–partner interdependence model. Nurses who design the transition promoting programs should consider the effective communication between healthcare provider and child–parent dyads and support parents' involvement to improve shared understanding about managing child's condition, especially for older children and mothers.
Temperature effect on oxidative stress and egg quality‐related genes on post‐ovulatory eggs and ovary of red cusk‐eel (Genypterus chilensis)
Authors: Dettleff Phillip , Zuloaga Rodrigo , Fuentes Marcia , Estrada Juan M. , Molina Alfredo , Valdés Juan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRed cusk‐eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with potential for Chilean aquaculture diversification. However, no information exists on the effects of temperature on oxidative stress and eggs quality markers in post‐ovulatory eggs and ovary of this species. We determine that high and low temperature generate oxidative damage on post‐ovulatory eggs, with no effect on ovary. Temperature induces thermal stress markers expression on post‐ovulatory eggs, and modulates antioxidant and eggs quality markers on post‐ovulatory eggs and ovary, information to consider for quality evaluation in the red cusk‐eel management.
How do people perceive flood risk? Findings from a public survey in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Zabini Federica , Grasso Valentina , Crisci Alfonso , Gozzini Bernardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study of risk perception (RP) has much increased in the last years to improve flood risk management. Effective communication requires an understanding of how the risk of flooding is perceived by residents of different areas. In this work, RP is investigated through a survey involving 483 people living in Tuscany. RP was assessed through a score built on four items covering personal, residence, and sociodemographic variables concerning flood RP. Results showed that: (a) flood RP was moderate; (b) RP was positively correlated with age, higher education, proximity to a river and direct experience; (c) people who experienced floods felt themselves to be more informed and prepared; (d) subjectively perceived risk and experts' risk assessment seemed generally correlated, even if people living in areas at “high risk” tend to underestimate the actual flood risk level; (e) the majority of the respondents considered the government and themselves as equally responsible for personal preparedness; and (f) less than 20% was aware of a Local Emergency Plan. The need of focusing on people living in the riskiest areas with targeted communication campaigns on risk awareness, hazard preparedness, and other implications of the findings in terms of communication strategies are discussed.
Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin‐resistantEscherichia colifrom bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey
Authors: Kürekci Cemil , Aydın Muhsin , Tekeli İbrahim Ozan , Ambarcıoğlu Pınar , Şengül Seydi Ahmet , Sakin Fatih 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin‐resistant (CipR)Escherichia coliisolates on bulk tank milk (BTM) samples (bovine and ovine origins) in Turkey. A total of 91 BTM samples (41.7%, 95% confidence intervals 35.2–48.6%) out of 218 were found to be positive for CipRE. coliisolates (MIC values of ≥4 μg/ml). Analysis of PFGE fingerprint profile forE. coliisolates resulted in the 55 different pulsotypes based on >85% homology. All isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid and the resistance rates in bovine and ovine origin isolates were 94.9 and 78.1% for norfloxacin (p < .05) and 27.1 and 34.4% for levofloxacin, respectively. Additionally, resistance to non‐quinolone antibiotics was commonly observed against tetracycline (resistance rates in bovine and ovine = 91.5 and 87.5%, respectively), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (83.1 and 93.8%, respectively), gentamycin (15.3 and 40.6%, respectively,p < .05) and chloramphenicol (23.7 and 65.6%, respectively,p < .05). TheqnrS1gene (3.1 and 6.8%, respectively) was the most prevalent PMQR genes in isolates from ovine and bovine origins, followed byaac (6′)‐Ib‐cr(0 and 5.1%, respectively) andqnrB19(0 and 1.7%, respectively). The other resistance genes includingtetA,tetB,strA/B,aPozhA1,aadA,aadB,blaCTX‐M, andblaTEMwere also identified in various frequencies. The most frequently observed virulence trait wasfimH. The low‐level presence of PMQR genes and as well as some virulence traits is an important finding, yet the results of this study are worrisome because quinolone antibiotics are still the drugs of choice for severe infections in humans.
Hemosuccus Pancreaticus: A systematic approach
Authors: Yashavanth H S , Jagtap Nitin , Singh Jagadeesh Rampal , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Tandan Manu , Gupta Rajesh , Vamsi Mohan , Bhaware Bhushan , Rao G V , Reddy D N 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHemosuccus pancreaticus is considered as one of the rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Intermittent nature of bleeding and lack of standardized approach for diagnosis has resulted in significant delay in definitive management.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed prospectively maintained data of patients with suspected hemosuccus pancreaticus between January 2010 and December 2019.ResultsOut of 114 patients, 87 patients were diagnosed with hemosuccus pancreaticus. Mean age was 35.7 ± 11.7 years with 89.7% men. Median duration of bleeding before diagnosis was 10 days, with 40.2%, 10.3%, and 5.7% patients had symptoms beyond 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Visceral artery aneurysm was noted in 62% of cases with splenic artery aneurysm (37.9%) being the common source of bleed. Rarer causes noted were superior mesenteric artery aneurysm, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2.3% each). Santorinirrhage was seen in 3.4% patients. Endoscopic diagnosis was possible in 64.4% of patients, and angiogram localization of bleeding source was noted in 94.2%. A 56.3% of patients underwent conventional angioembolization with 95.9% success and 28.7% underwent surgery, with overall rebleeding rate of 11.5%.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis of hemosuccus pancreaticus avoids prolonged suffering, multiple hospital admissions, and multiple blood transfusions. It is not uncommon in the absence of aneurysm. In cases of high suspicion, repeating the endoscopy with proper technique and proper timing increases the yield. Angioembolization remains the most preferred first line therapeutic approach in majority of cases.
Ultrasonography‐guided oocyte recovery in owl monkeys (aotus azarai infulatus)
Authors: Rech Fernanda , Souto Marcella Pinheiro , Oliveira Jimmy Wiggley Moura , da Silva Sandy Kelly Souza Marques , Viau Furtado Priscila , Imbeloni Aline Amaral , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia , de Lima Julianne Silva , Vicente Wilter Ricardo Russiano , Coutinho Leandro Nassar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study evaluated an echo‐guided oocyte recovery technique in owl monkeys. Twelve females were selected for the transabdominal ovum retrieval technique. This procedure collected twenty‐six follicles, of which nine oocytes were recovered, without harm to the animals. The technique is feasible and is a minimally invasive protocol for neotropical primates.
Crystal structure of glutamate dehydrogenase 2, a positively selected novel human enzyme involved in brain biology and cancer pathophysiology
Authors: Dimovasili Christina , Fadouloglou Vasiliki E. , Kefala Aikaterini , Providaki Mary , Kotsifaki Dina , Kanavouras Konstantinos , Sarrou Iosifina , Plaitakis Andreas , Zaganas Ioannis , Kokkinidis Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionMammalian glutamate dehydrogenase (hGDH1 in human cells) interconverts glutamate to α‐ketoglutarate and ammonia while reducing NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. During primate evolution, humans and great apes have acquired hGDH2, an isoenzyme that underwent rapid evolutionary adaptation concomitantly with brain expansion, thereby acquiring unique catalytic and regulatory properties that permitted its function under conditions inhibitory to its ancestor hGDH1. Although the 3D‐structures of GDHs, including hGDH1, have been determined, attempts to determine the hGDH2 structure were until recently unsuccessful. Comparison of the hGDH1/hGDH2 structures would enable a detailed understanding of their evolutionary differences. This work aimed at the determination of the hGDH2 crystal structure and the analysis of its functional implications. Recombinant hGDH2 was produced in the Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian cell line Sf21, using the Baculovirus expression system. Purification was achieved via a two‐step chromatography procedure. hGDH2 was crystallized, X‐ray diffraction data were collected using synchrotron radiation and the structure was determined by molecular replacement. The hGDH2 structure is reported at a resolution of 2.9 Å. The enzyme adopts a novel semi‐closed conformation, which is an intermediate between known open and closed GDH1 conformations, differing from both. The structure enabled us to dissect previously reported biochemical findings and to structurally interpret the effects of evolutionary amino acid substitutions, including Arg470His, on ADP affinity. In conclusion, our data provide insights into the structural basis of hGDH2 properties, the functional evolution of hGDH isoenzymes, and open new prospects for drug design, especially for cancer therapeutics.
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MicroRNA‐3473b regulates the expression of TREM2/ULK1 and inhibits autophagy in inflammatory pathogenesis of Parkinson disease
Authors: Lv Qiankun , Zhong Zhen , Hu Binbin , Yan Si , Yan Yufang , Zhang Junjun , Shi Ting , Jiang Lijuan , Li Wen , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. The regulatory role of a variety of microRNAs in PD has been confirmed, and our study is the first to demonstrate that miR‐3473b is involved in the regulation of PD. In vitro, an miR‐3473b inhibitor can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) in moues microglia cell line (BV2) cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and promote autophagy in BV2 cells. In vivo, miR‐3473b antagomir can inhibit the activation of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) microglia of C57BL/6 mice induced by 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and promote autophagy. Deletion of TREM2, one of the most highly expressed receptors in microglia, leads to the occurrence and development of PD. ULK1 is a component of the Atg1 complex. Deletion of ULK1 aggravates the pathological reaction of PD. TREM2 and ULK1 are predicted potential targets of miR‐3473b by Targetscan. Then, the results of our experiments indicate that transfection with a miR‐3473b mimic can inhibit the expression of TREM2 and ULK1. Data from a double luciferase experiment indicate that the 3'‐UTR of TREM2, but not ULK1, is the direct target of miR‐3473b. Then we aim to investigate the regulation of TREM2 and ULK1 in PD. We found that the expression of p‐ULK1 was significantly increased via up‐regulation of TREM2. The increased expression of p‐ULK1 can promote autophagy and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors. The regulation of ULK1 by miR‐3473b may be accomplished indirectly through TREM2. Thus, miR‐3473b may regulate the secretion of proinflammatory mediators by targeting TREM2/ULK1 expression to regulate the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammation in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that mir‐3473b may be a potential therapeutic target to regulate the inflammatory response in PD.
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In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain of Cdkl5 null mice reveals a metabolic profile indicative of mitochondrial dysfunctions
Authors: Carli Sara , Chaabane Linda , Butti Clarissa , De Palma Clara , Aimar Patrizia , Salio Chiara , Vignoli Aglaia , Giustetto Maurizio , Landsberger Nicoletta , Frasca Angelisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMutations in the X‐linked CDKL5 gene cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental condition mainly characterized by infantile epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and autistic features. The molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical symptoms remain largely unknown and the identification of reliable biomarkers in animal models will certainly contribute to increase our comprehension of CDD as well as to assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. Here, we used different Magnetic Resonance (MR) methods to disclose structural, functional, or metabolic signatures of Cdkl5 deficiency in the brain of adult mice. We found that loss of Cdkl5 does not cause cerebral atrophy but affects distinct brain areas, particularly the hippocampus. By in vivo proton‐MR spectroscopy (MRS), we revealed in the Cdkl5 null brain a metabolic dysregulation indicative of mitochondrial dysfunctions. Accordingly, we unveiled a significant reduction in ATP levels and a decrease in the expression of complex IV of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Conversely, the number of mitochondria appeared preserved. Importantly, we reported a significant defect in the activation of one of the major regulators of cellular energy balance, the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), that might contribute to the observed metabolic impairment and become an interesting therapeutic target for future preclinical trials. In conclusion, MRS revealed in the Cdkl5 null brain the presence of a metabolic dysregulation suggestive of a mitochondrial dysfunction that permitted to foster our comprehension of Cdkl5 deficiency and brought our interest towards targeting mitochondria as therapeutic strategy for CDD.
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