bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Effectiveness of Orthopaedic Medical Staff in Providing Support in Combating the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Investigation from Wuhan, China
Authors: Wen Yin‐xian , Wang Hua , Tie Kai , Ni Qu‐bo , Qin Jun , Tan Yang , Pan Zheng‐qi , Chen Biao , He Hang‐yuan , Chen Liao‐bin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether it is safe and effective for orthopaedic medical staff to provide support to the work against COVID‐19.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two orthopaedic medical staff from the orthopaedic center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were included in this retrospective investigation. A total of 43 surgeons and 69 nurses provided medical support in the treatment of COVID‐19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 8 April 2020 in four different hospitals in Wuhan. We collected data on the age, gender, and body temperature of orthopaedic medical staff, as well as the results for their chest CT scans, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA, SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG tests, and training and examinations on COVID‐19 knowledge. We also collected data on the time span of work, the number of infected staff during the support period, the number of COVID‐19 patients the surgeons treated and the cure rate, the performance of the surgeons as assessed by the specialists and patients, and the number of infected staff during the pandemic.ResultsAmong the 49 surgeons and 73 nurses, 43 surgeons and 69 nurses provided support against COVID‐19. A total of 12 surgeons and 11 nurses provided support in the fields of respiration, intensive care, and emergency. A total of 34 surgeons and 58 nurses worked in the designated wards restructured for COVID‐19 in the orthopaedic building. The average time span of work for the surgeons and nurses was 14.78 ± 3.64 days and 24.77 ± 7.58 days, respectively. No staff were infected during the support period. Over 1000 patients were received in the fever clinic by orthopaedic surgeons. The overall number of the treated hospitalized patients was 622. Among these patients, 226 cases were mild, 318 were mild to moderate, and 58 were severe or critical. The cure rate was 96.01%, 99.37%, and 52.00% respectively. The performance of the surgeons was scored 87.02 ± 3.17 and 90.69 ± 3.58 by the specialists and the patients, respectively. During the whole pandemic, 3 surgeons and 3 nurses who did not participate in the support work were infected in the early stages. The morbidity of all the orthopaedic staff was 4.92% during the whole pandemic, while no one was infected during the support work.ConclusionOur investigation indicated that although they worked outside their specialty, it was safe and effective for the orthopaedic staff to provide medical support in the work against COVID‐19 with adequate precautions and proper training.
Image similarity‐based cardiac rhythm device identification from X‐rays using feature point matching
Authors: Higaki Akinori , Kurokawa Tsukasa , Kazatani Takuro , Kido Shinsuke , Aono Tetsuya , Matsuda Kensho , Tanaka Yuta , Kosaki Tetsuya , Kawamura Go , Shigematsu Tatsuya , Kawada Yoshitaka , Hiasa Go , Yamada Tadakatsu , Okayama Hideki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsIdentifying the manufacturer and the type of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is important in emergent clinical settings. Recent studies have illustrated that artificial neural network models can successfully recognize CIEDs from chest X‐ray images. However, all existing methods require a vast amount of medical data to train the classification model. Here, we have proposed a novel method to retrieve an identical CIED image from an image database by employing the feature point matching algorithm.Methods and resultsA total of 653 unique X‐ray images from 456 patients who visited our pacemaker clinic between April 2012 and August 2020 were collected. The device images were manually square‐shaped, and was thereafter resized to 224 × 224 pixels. A scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm was used to extract the keypoints from the query image and reference images. Paired feature points were selected via brute‐force matching, and the average Euclidean distance was calculated. The image with the shortest average distance was defined as the most similar image. The classification performance was indicated by accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score for detecting the manufacturers and model groups, respectively. The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐1 score for the manufacturer classification were 97.0%, 0.97, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively. For the model classification task, the average accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐1 score were 93.2%, 0.94, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively, all of which were higher than those of the previously reported machine learning models.ConclusionFeature point matching is useful for identifying CIEDs from X‐ray images.
A survey of the global impact of COVID‐19 on the practice of pediatric anesthesia: A study from the pediatric anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative Group
Authors: Soneru Codruta N. , Fernandez Allison M. , Bradford Victoria , Staffa Steven J. , Raman Vidya T. , Cravero Joseph , Zurakowski David , Meier Petra M. ,   the Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric anesthesiology has been greatly impacted by COVID‐19 in the delivery of care to patients and to the individual providers. With this study, we sought to survey pediatric centers and highlight the variations in care related to perioperative medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the availability of protective equipment, the practice of pediatric anesthesia, and economic impact.AimThe aim of the survey was to determine how COVID‐19 directly impacted pediatric anesthesia practices during the study period.MethodsA survey concerning four major domains (testing, safety, clinical management/policy, economics) was developed. It was pilot tested for clarity and content by members of the Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative. The survey was administered by email to all Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative members on September 1, 2020. Respondents had six weeks to complete the survey and were instructed to answer the questions based on their institution's practice during September 1 ‐ October 13, 2020.ResultsSixty‐three institutions (100% response rate) participated in the COVID‐19 Pediatric Anesthesia Survey. Forty‐one hospitals (65%) were from the United States, and 35% included other countries. N95 masks were available to anesthesia teams at 91% of institutions (n = 57) (95% CI: 80%–96%). COVID‐19 testing criteria of anesthesia staff and guidelines to return to work varied by institution. Structured simulation training aimed at improving COVID‐19 safety and patient care occurred at 62% of institutions (n = 39). Pediatric anesthesiologists were economically affected by a reduction in their employer benefits and restriction of travel due to employer imposed quarantine regulations.ConclusionOur data indicate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted the testing, safety, clinical management, and economics of pediatric anesthesia practice. Further investigation into the long‐term consequences for the specialty is indicated.
Cyber risk management: History and future research directions
Authors: Eling Martin , McShane Michael , Nguyen Trung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCybersecurity research started in the late 1960s and has continuously evolved under different names such as computer security and information security. This article briefly covers that history but will especially focus on the latest incarnation known as “cyber risk management,” which includes both technical and economic/management dimensions. The main focus of the article is to review research on individual steps of the cyber risk management process and on the overall process to highlight gaps and determine research directions. Two main findings are that cyber risk is difficult to include in the overall enterprise risk management process and that a move toward cyber resilience is necessary to deal with such a complex risk. Both findings require a level of interdisciplinary collaboration that is currently lacking.
Improv to improve medical student communication
Authors: Grossman Catherine E , Lemay Megan , Kang Le , Byland Elizabeth , Anderson Aaron D , Nestler John E , Santen Sally A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective patient provider communication skills can be difficult and time‐consuming to teach. Deliberate practice of communication skills through improvisational theatre exercises, with structured debriefing, can provide a solution for teaching patient‐centred communication skills in time‐limited settings. The objective of this study was to determine if improvisational theatre exercises improved the ratings of patient satisfaction and empathetic communication by standardised patients.MethodsThis was a randomised controlled trial looking at the effect of improvisational theatre exercises on ratings of patient satisfaction and empathetic communication. Third‐year medical students (n = 188) participated in a formative team‐based standardised patient (SP) experience. Prior to the SP experience, teams of students were randomly assigned to receive a 45‐minute communication‐focused improvisation intervention (immediately before the SP experience) or to a control arm without intervention. All teams then participated in the SP experience; the SPs (blinded to team randomisation assignment) then assessed each team's empathetic communication and completed patient satisfaction questions focused on physician behaviours derived from Press GaneyTM and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and System SurveysTM. Fifty teams of three or four students participated; 20 teams in the intervention arm and 30 teams in the control arm.ResultsStudent teams in the improvisation intervention group had increased measures of empathetic communication (p = 0.04) compared to the control group. The intervention group had increased patient satisfaction survey ratings of ‘ability to listen carefully’ (p = 0.001) and of ‘physician skills’ compared to control groups (p = 0.03).DiscussionImprov exercises with students increased students’ empathetic communication and patient satisfaction as assessed by standardised patients.
Resorbable self‐locking device for canine lung lobectomy: A clinical and experimental study
Authors: Ishigaki Kumiko , Höglund Odd Viking , Asano Kazushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo test the feasibility of a resorbable self‐locking device for sealing of lung tissue in lung lobectomy in experimental dogs and dogs with pulmonary mass, and to study its resorption with CT.Study designExperimental study and clinical case series.AnimalsFive beagles in the experimental group; six canine patients with a pulmonary mass in the clinical group.MethodsIn both groups, an intercostal incision into thorax was performed. A resorbable self‐locking device, LigaTie, was applied at the hilum of left cranial lobe in the experimental group and the affected lobe in the clinical group. Each lobe was removed by cutting the tissue just distal to the device. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery was used in the experimental group; postoperative diagnostic imaging was repeated monthly until the device was not apparent on CT.ResultsApplication of LigaTie was feasible for lung lobectomy in all dogs. The device enabled en bloc ligation of the hilum of the affected lobe including the pulmonary arteries and veins and lobular bronchus. No air leakage from the resection stump was observed in any dog. Trace of the device on CT images gradually decreased and was undetectable at 4 months postoperatively in experimental dogs.ConclusionThis study suggested that the resorbable self‐locking device may be used for sealing of airways in complete lung lobectomy.Clinical relevanceThe resorbable self‐locking device is suggested to be useful for canine lung lobectomy and may facilitate thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. Further investigations on its clinical application in small animal surgery are warranted.
Asserting Koreanness in South Korean middle school English textbooks
Authors: Kim Sun‐Hee , Lee Hikyoung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn response to recent trends in recognizing English as the language of international communication, this study examines the extent to which English textbooks used in the South Korean education system incorporate properties of what it means to be a legitimate Korean speaker of English. By adopting a thematic approach to critical discourse analysis, the study explores seven government‐authorized middle school English textbook series widely used in Korea. Analyses center around the themes of ownership of English and identity formation, naming order convention, national independence, contentious territorial disputes, and repatriation. Findings reveal how asserting national identity and learning English are jointly framed and reflected in the textbooks. The study discusses how discourses are constructed to present opportunities for promoting learners’ cultivation of Koreanness pertaining to dominant ideologies and contemporary identity issues while enhancing their awareness in positioning themselves as competent members in the global community through the course of learning of English.
Intermuscular coherence analysis in older adults reveals that gait‐related arm swing drives lower limb muscles via subcortical and cortical pathways
Authors: Weersink Joyce B. , de Jong Bauke M. , Halliday David M. , Maurits Natasha M. 
Published: March 2021

Key pointsGait‐related arm swing in humans supports efficient lower limb muscle activation, indicating a neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs during gait.Intermuscular coherence analyses of gait‐related electromyography from upper and lower limbs in 20 healthy participants identified significant coherence in alpha and beta/gamma bands indicating that upper and lower limbs share common subcortical and cortical drivers that coordinate the rhythmic four‐limb gait pattern.Additional directed connectivity analyses revealed that upper limb muscles drive and shape lower limb muscle activity during gait via subcortical and cortical pathways and to a lesser extent vice versa.The results provide a neural underpinning that arm swing may serve as an effective rehabilitation therapy concerning impaired gait in neurological diseases.AbstractHuman gait benefits from arm swing, as it enhances efficient lower limb muscle activation in healthy participants as well as patients suffering from neurological impairment. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of such coupling between upper and lower limbs remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine this coupling by intermuscular coherence analysis during gait. Additionally, directed connectivity analysis of this coupling enabled assessment of whether gait‐related arm swing indeed drives lower limb muscles. To that end, electromyography recordings were obtained from four lower limb muscles and two upper limb muscles bilaterally, during gait, of 20 healthy participants (mean (SD) age 67 (6.8) years). Intermuscular coherence analysis revealed functional coupling between upper and lower limb muscles in the alpha and beta/gamma band during muscle specific periods of the gait cycle. These effects in the alpha and beta/gamma bands indicate involvement of subcortical and cortical sources, respectively, that commonly drive the rhythmic four‐limb gait pattern in an efficiently coordinated fashion. Directed connectivity analysis revealed that upper limb muscles drive and shape lower limb muscle activity during gait via subcortical and cortical pathways and to a lesser extent vice versa. This indicates that gait‐related arm swing reflects the recruitment of neuronal support for optimizing the cyclic movement pattern of the lower limbs. These findings thus provide a neural underpinning for arm swing to potentially serve as an effective rehabilitation therapy concerning impaired gait in neurological diseases.
The Effect of Transverse Shear Deformation on the Bending of Elastic Plates
Authors: Reissner Eric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A system of equations is developed for the theory of bending of thin elastic plates which takes into account the transverse shear deformability of the plate. This system of equations is of such nature that three boundary conditions can and must be prescribed along the edge of the plate. The general solution of the system of equations is obtained in terms of two plane harmonic functions and one function which is the general solution of the equation Δψ − (10/h2)ψ = 0. The general results of the paper are applied (a) to the problem of torsion of a rectangular plate, (b) to the problems of plain bending and pure twisting of an infinite plate with a circular hole. In these two problems important differences are noted between the results of the present theory and the results obtained by means of the classical plate theory. It is indicated that the present theory may be applied to other problems where the deviations from the results of classical plate theory are of interest. Among these other problems is the determination of the reactions along the edges of a simply supported rectangular plate, where the classical theory leads to concentrated reactions at the corners of the plate. These concentrated reactions will not occur in the solution of the foregoing problem by means of the theory given in the present paper.
Dynamics of an Elastic Bar
Authors: Wikander O. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of an elastic bar, solid and with free slack, are of importance as a convenient basis for the study of train dynamics, owing to the similarity in behavior of the individual cars in a long train to that of the particles in an elastic bar. The analyses given in this paper deal with the behavior of such bars under conditions corresponding to the starting, the braking, and the change in grade of the track of a long train, without or with free slack. It is assumed that the stress and strain in the solid parts of the bar are proportional.
A General Method for Calculating Critical Speeds of Flexible Rotors
Authors: Prohl M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The existing methods for determining critical speeds are subject to the following limitations: On the one hand the methods that are general, i.e., that permit the calculation of higher critical speeds as well as the fundamental, involve computations so complicated as to be impractical for any but the simplest of rotors. On the other hand, the methods for which the computations are comparatively simple, such as the familiar methods of Rayleigh and Stodola, lack generality in that critical speeds other than the fundamental cannot be definitely determined (1). The calculation method presented in this paper combines generality with comparative simplicity. Any critical speed—first, second, or higher—may be calculated with equal ease. The rotor may have any number of spans and its cross section may vary in any prescribed manner provided circular symmetry is maintained. Any number of disks or symmetrical masses may be attached. The shaft journals may be considered to be elastically supported in the bearing with respect to both deflection and tilting of the journals; the elastic constants must, however, be symmetrical. The so-called “gyroscopic effect” associated with the moment of inertia of the disks on the rotor may be readily taken into account.
Filmwise Condensation From Humid Air on a Vertical Superhydrophilic Surface: Explicit Roles of the Humidity Ratio Difference and the Degree of Subcooling
Authors: Das Chayan , Gupta Rohit , Halder Saikat , Datta Amitava , Ganguly Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The process involving heat and mass transfer during filmwise condensation (FWC) in the presence of noncondensable gases (NCG) has great significance in a large variety of engineering applications. Traditionally, the condensation heat transfer is expressed in the literature as a function of the degree of subcooling—reckoned as the difference between the ambient dry bulb temperature and the condenser wall temperature. However, in the presence of NCG, there exists a finite gradient of vapor mass fraction near the condenser plate, which directly influences the vapor mass flux to the condenser surface, thus limiting the condensation rate. The effects of both these influencing thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the degree of subcooling and the difference of humidity ratio (between the freestream environment and on the condenser plate), have been characterized in this work both experimentally and through a mechanistic model. The vapor mass flux during condensation on a subcooled vertical superhydrophilic surface under free convection regime is experimentally measured in a controlled environment (temperature and humidity) chamber. The mechanistic model, based on the similarity of energy and species transports, is formulated for the thermogravitational boundary layer over the condenser plate and tuned against the experimental results. Further, the model is used to obtain comprehensive data of the condensate mass flux and condensation heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) as functions of the salient thermal operating conditions over a wide parametric range. Results indicate that humidity ratio difference has a more pronounced influence on the condensation mass transfer rather than the degree of subcooling. Regime maps of condensate flux and CHTC show how these can be explicitly identified in terms of the degree of subcooling and humidity ratio difference, regardless of the prevailing thermal and humidity conditions at the freestream and the condenser plate. The mechanistic model thus lends to the development of empirical correlations of condensate mass flux and CHTC as explicit functions of these two parameters for easy use in practical FWC configurations.
Comparative Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Circular and Rhombus Pin Fin Heat Sink Using Nanofluid
Authors: Sreehari Dungali , Prajapati Yogesh K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNumerical investigation has been carried out to compare the heat transfer performance and fluid flow behavior of microchannel heat sinks with circular and rhombus pin fins which are arranged in an in-line manner. Diameter and sides are 1 mm for circular and rhombus fins. Three-dimensional (3D) computational domain has been simulated using two types of cooling medium, i.e., water and Al2O3–H2O nanofluid. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been presented considering the coolants and pin fin profiles as variable parameters. Two operating variables, i.e., heat flux (q) and Reynolds number (Re), are varied in the range of q = 100–400 kW/m2 and Re = 100–400. A total of 64 cases have been simulated to identify the promising features of both the pin fins attributed to improved heat transfer and overall thermal performance. Comparison has also been made between the coolant medium to find out their heat dissipation potential and flow characteristics in the heat sink. Results obtained in terms of average bottom wall temperature, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number (Nu), and pressure drop demonstrate that heat sink with rhombus pin fins dissipates more heat compared to its counterpart. It is attributed to the shape and geometry of rhombus fins that facilitate distinct fluid flow behavior; nevertheless, the pressure drop is less in the circular fin heat sink. Moreover, for constant value of Re, nanofluid extracts more heat compared to water in both configurations of the heat sink.