bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring residual strain and stress in thermal spray coatings using neutron diffractometers
Authors: Faisal Nadimul Haque , Ahmed Rehan , Prathuru Anil K , Paradowska Anna , Lee Tung Lik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: During thermal spray coating, residual strain is formed within the coating and substrates due to thermo-mechanical processes and microstructural phase changes. Objective: This paper provides a comprehensive guide to researchers planning to use neutron diffraction technique for thermal spray coatings, and reviews some of these studies. Methods: ENGIN-X at the ISIS spallation source is a neutron diffractometer (time-of-flight) dedicated to materials science and engineering with high resolution testing. The focus is on the procedure of using ENGIN-X diffractometer for thermal spray coatings with a view that it can potentially be translated to other diffractometers. Results: Number of studies involving neutron diffraction analysis in thermal spray coatings remain limited, partly due to limited number of such strain measurement facilities globally, and partly due to difficulty is applying neutron diffraction analysis to measure residual strain in the thermal spray coating microstructure. Conclusions: This technique can provide a non-destructive through-thickness residual strain analysis in thermally sprayed components with a level of detail not normally achievable by other techniques. Neutron sources have been used to measure strains in thermal spray coatings, and here, we present examples where such coatings have been characterised at various neutron sources worldwide, to study residual strains and microstructures.
Determinants of Nutrition Care Practice by Midwives and Nurses in the Antenatal and Postnatal Care Settings: A Multi-Site Cross-sectional Survey From Ghana
Authors: Kumbiley Jacqueline , Amalba Anthony , Aryee Paul Armah , Azure Simon Agongo , MOGRE VICTOR 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Midwives and nurses are in an opportune position to provide nutrition care to pregnant women and lactating mothers during routine antenatal and postnatal care. However, midwives and nurses may not have adequate competencies and confidence to provide effective nutrition care. We evaluated the adequacy of nutrition education received in nursing and midwifery school; nutrition care competencies; self – efficacy and the nutrition care practice of midwives and nurses during routine antenatal and postnatal care in Ghana. We also evaluated determinants of nutrition care practice among these participants.Methods: This was a multi-site cross- sectional study conducted among midwives and nurses working at antenatal and postnatal contact points in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and frequencies were used to describe the data. Results: Almost 90% (n=267) of the participants received nutrition education during training. More than half of the participants were either unsatisfied or uncertain with: the amount of time allocated for nutrition education during training in school (77.5%); the integration of nutrition content into the curriculum (82.6%); and how nutrition course content was presented (77.4%). Almost 40% of the participants felt inadequately prepared from school to provide nutrition care during routine antenatal and postnatal care. The mean (±SD) knowledge of the participants was 57.46 (8.12) %. Participants attitude towards nutrition care was positive. Self-efficacy level ranged from moderate to low. Factors that had a positive association with nutrition care practice were age of respondents (B = 0.04; p = 0.002), nutrition-related knowledge (B = 0.05; p = 0.016), adequacy of nutrition education in school (0.14; p = 0.006), receipt of nutrition training after school (B = 0.38; p = 0.010) and nutrition care self-efficacy (B = 0.03; p = 0.048). Conclusion: Nutrition education received during nursing/midwifery training was unsatisfying and inadequate, resulting in participants inadequate knowledge in basic nutrition issues, feeling ill prepared, less confident and lacking the key skills to provide nutrition care. Although participants recognised nutrition care to be important and as their responsibility to provide it, they could not provide nutrition care as may be needed by mothers during routine antenatal and postnatal care.
Overturning of the façade in single-nave churches under seismic loading
Authors: de Felice Gianmarco , Fugger Rebecca , Gobbin Francesca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The out-of-plane collapse of the façade represents one of the major threats and the most frequent cause of damages of churches due to strong earthquakes. Due to the slenderness of the façade and the lack of adequate connections to the side walls and the wooden roof, the seismic action can trigger the overturning. A detailed assessment is therefore required to judge whether or not to intervene. This paper presents an approach for the seismic assessment of the stability of the façade, through a discrete element model based on a photographic survey, with the aim of representing the actual geometry and arrangement of the stone units and their effects on the kinematics of the overturning. The collapse mechanism is simulated with both, quasi-static pushover and dynamic pulse-based analyses and the results compared to those of conventional rigid-body kinematics. The proposed approach is then applied to seven masonry churches that suffered severe damages during the 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake and the failure mode provided by the analyses is compared to the damages caused by the earthquake. The method is able to give a reliable estimate of the expected failure mechanism, taking into account the quality of the masonry and the connections to the side walls, while also providing the seismic acceleration required to trigger the motion and the ultimate displacement beyond which collapse occurs.
Investigation on the Stiffness of Wire Web of Multi Wire Sawing Machine and Its Influence on Machining Accuracy
Authors: qiu jian , Zhang Shanbao , Fu Rilai , Zhu He , Yang Guodong , Zou Yingkui , Ge Renpeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Diamond wire sawing has gradually applied as the dominant way of silicon sawing in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industry. In the design and evaluation field of diamond wire sawing machine, little research on the static stiffness are presented. But in the design field of traditional metal cutting machine tools, stiffness is an extremely important performance index. The stiffness of wire web should be mastered to improve the machining accuracy of diamond wire sawing. The special significance of this study is that stiffness of wire web is considered to be the key index of multi wire sawing performance, as a result, wire lag and wire bow due to the loss of the stiffness of wire web could be minimized. Aiming at the problem of the stiffness of wire web, the measurement method, process and evaluation standard were proposed. The influence of the stiffness of wire web on the machining process, wire bow, cutting force, machining accuracy and other factors were studied.
Chemical Assisted Laser Beam Machining of SiC Ceramic and Optimization of Process Parameters
Authors: Bonsa Ketema Bobe , Jiru Moera Gutu , SINGH BALKESHWAR , Gidebo Tewodros Derese 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chemo mechanical laser beam assisted finishing is the process of a conceptual combination of a fundamental cognitive process. In this process, three basic concepts are synthesized to obtain a smooth surface of silicon carbide. Three different chemicals of H2SO4 , HCl, and HF with a 50% solution with purified water were used. Continuous mode CO2 power from 250W-300W was used to melt the surface after acid was applied. The smooth surface was evaluated using morphology, including pore pattern, pore depth, and pore width was studied under a scanning electron microscope, and the surface roughness, wear-resistance, and hardness were analyzed using a non-contact surface profilometer, scratch tester TR-101, and Digital Rockwell hardness device respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using Design expert software analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed a significant change in the pore pattern, crystal structure, surface roughness, wear-resistance, and hardness. This result was verified by scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, Non-contact profilometer, and scratch tester TR-101machine. The hardness of the smooth surface was increased as well as surface roughness and the coefficient of friction also improved as compared to substrate silicon carbide.
ZJU-37 Promoted OPC&nbsp;Survival and Myelination in a Rat Neonatal White Matter Injury Model With hOPC&nbsp;Graft&nbsp;
Authors: Zhang Chu , Guan Qian , Shi Hao , Cao Lingsheng , Liu Jing , Gao Zixuan , Zhu Wenxi , Yang Yinxiang , Luan Zuo , Yao Ruiqin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that ZJU-37 plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. White matter injury (WMI), a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in preterm infants, which is characterized by extensive myelination disturbances and demyelination. Neuroinflammation, leads to the loss and differentiation-inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), represents a major barrier to myelin repair. Whether ZJU-37 can promote transplanted OPCs derived from human neural stem cells (hOPCs) survival, differentiation and myelination remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ZJU-37 on myelination and neurobehavioral function in a neonatal rat WMI model induced by hypoxia and ischemia. Methods: In vivo, P3 rat pups were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia, and then treated with ZJU-37 or/and hOPCs, and OPCs apoptosis, myelination, glial cell and NLRP3 inflammasome activation together with cognitive outcome were evaluated at 12 weeks after transplantation. In vitro, the effect of ZJU-37 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocyte induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were examined by western blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of ZJU-37 on OPCs apoptosis induced by the conditioned medium from OGD-astrocyte was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Results: ZJU-37 combined with hOPCs more effectively decreased OPC apoptosis, promoted myelination in the corpus callosum and improved behavioral function compared to ZJU-37 or OPCs treatment. In addition, the activation of glial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome was reduced by ZJU-37 or/and OPCs treatment in the neonatal rat WMI model. In vitro, it was also confirmed that ZJU-37 can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocytes induced by OGD. Not only that, the conditioned medium from OGD-injured astrocytes (OGD-astrocyte-CM) treated with ZJU-37 obviously attenuated OPC apoptosis and dysdifferentiation caused by the OGD-astrocyte-CM.Conclusions: ZJU-37 may promote OPC survival, differentiation and myelination by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a neonatal rat model of WMI with hOPC graft.
SUMOylated Non-canonical Polycomb PRC1.6 Complex as a Prerequisite for Recruitment of Transcription Factor RBPJ
Authors: Sotomska Małgorzata , Liefke Robert , Ferrante Francesca , Schwederski Heiko , Oswald Franz , Borggrefe Tilman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNotch signaling controls cell fate decisions in many contexts during development and adult stem cell homeostasis and, when dysregulated, leads to carcinogenesis. The central transcription factor RBPJ assembles the Notch coactivator complex in the presence of Notch signalling, and represses Notch target gene expression in its absence.ResultsWe identified L3MBTL2 and additional members of the non-canonical polycomb repressive PRC1.6 complex in DNA-bound RBPJ associated complexes and demonstrate that L3MBTL2 directly interacts with RBPJ. Depletion of RBPJ does not affect occupancy of PRC1.6 components at Notch target genes. Conversely, absence of L3MBTL2 reduces RBPJ occupancy at enhancers of Notch target genes. Since L3MBTL2 and additional members of the PRC1.6 are known to be SUMOylated, we investigated whether RBPJ uses SUMO-moieties as contact points. Indeed, we found that RBPJ binds to SUMO2/3 and that this interaction depends on a defined SUMO-interaction motif. Furthermore, we show that pharmacological inhibition of SUMOylation reduces RBPJ occupancy at Notch target genes.ConclusionsWe propose that the PRC1.6 complex and its conjugated SUMO-modifications provide a scaffold that is recognized by RBPJ and promotes its recruitment to Notch target genes.
Difference in Somatosensory Event-Related Potentials in the Blind Subjects Leads to Better Performance in Tactile P300 BCI
Authors: Grigoryan Rafael , Goranskaya Dariya , Demchinsky Andrey , Ryabova Ksenia , Kuleshov Denis , Kaplan Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we created 8-command P300 tactile brain-computer interface, running on minimally modified consumer Braille display, and tested it on 10 blind subjects and 10 sighted controls with two stimuli types, differing in size. Larger stimuli provide better BCI performance both in blind and sighted participants than smaller stimuli. With large stimuli, median target selection accuracy in the blind group was 95%, which is 27% more than sighted controls (p < 0.05), suggesting that blind subjects are not only able to use tactile brain-computer interface but also can achieve superior results in comparison with sighted subjects. The difference in event-related potentials between groups is located in frontocentral sites around 300 ms post-stimulus and corresponds with early cognitive event-related potential components. Blind subjects have higher amplitude and shorter latency of ERPs. This effect was consistent across stimuli types. This is the first study to evaluate differences in event-related potentials between blind and sighted subjects in a BCI-specific task.
How Well Does Mpas-atmosphere Simulate the Characteristics of the Botswana High?
Authors: Maoyi Molulaqhooa Linda , Abiodun Babatunde Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Botswana High is a prominent mid-tropospheric system that modulates rainfall over subtropical southern Africa, but the capability of a Global Climate Model (GCM) to reproduce it remains unknown. This study examines the capability of a GCM with quasi-uniform resolution (Model Prediction Across Scales, hereafter MPAS) in simulating the characteristics of the Botswana High. The MPAS is applied to simulate the global climate at 240km quasi-uniform resolution over the globe for the period 1980-2010. The model results are validated against gridded observation dataset (Climate Research Unit, CRU), satellite dataset (Global Precipitation Climatology Project, GPCP), and reanalysis datasets (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, CFSR; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA; and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts version 5, ERA5). In general, MPAS replicates all the essential features in the climatology of temperature, rainfall, 500 hPa geopotential height and vertical motion over southern Africa, reproduces the spatial and temporal variation of the Botswana High, and captures the influence of the Botswana High on droughts and deep convections over the sub-continent. In addition, the model reproduces well the anomalies in vertical motion over subtropical southern Africa during +ve and -ve phases of the Botswana High. However, the model struggles to reproduce the precipitation pattern associated with the positive and native modes of Botswana high. The results of this study have an application in understanding the characteristics of Botswana High and in improving MPAS for seasonal forecasting over southern Africa.
Intelligent System for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things-Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-WSN) Smart Environment
Authors: Kalnoor Gauri , S Gowrishankar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Technology, as we know, has aided in the growth of humankind since its advent. Due to this advance, a new computation and communication surrounded such as the Internet of Things (IoT) has entered the scene. Much research work is being done in the area of IoT which aids the overall advancement of society and marks life simpler and more agreeable. Yet, in the asset restricted surrounding of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and IoT, it is practically incomprehensible to build up a totally safe framework. so we move quick, innovation turns out to be progressively powerless against security hazards. Later on, the quantity of individuals associated with the web will be not as much as that of powerful articles, so we need to set up a vigorous framework to keep the previously mentioned conditions safe and normalize it for smooth correspondence between IoT objects. In this audit archive, refinements of the relevant threat model for the safety of WSN and IoT- based correspondences are given. The security prerequisites and different potential attacks in WSN-based and IoT-based correspondence conditions are examined likewise. At that point refinements of various designs of correspondence conditions dependent on WSN and IoT are also given. Next, the ongoing concerns and moves related to WSN and IoT are discussed. A logical arrangement of security and assurance defending shows in WSN and IoT is moreover included. Lastly, some investigation incites that should be tended to soon is also presented in this article. The integrated IoT- WSN with performance metrics is tabulated to show the possibilities of securing the network systems.
The Effect of 3-(Glycidoloxy Propyl) Trimethoxy Silane Concentration on Surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Bahramnia Hamed , Semnani Hamidreza Mohammadian , Habibolahzadeh Ali , Abdoos Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
AbstractCoupling agent concentration plays a key role in functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticles as reinforcing particles.PurposeIn this study, the influence of 3-(glycidoloxy propyl) trimethoxy silane (GPTMS) concentration on functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticles, is experimentally investigated.MethodsThe functionalization of nano-silica were performed by 30, 50, 80 and 110 wt.% of GPTMS in order to find the optimal GPTMS concentration to complete the process. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterized the pure and modified samples; then, the results were compared to each other to achieve the aim of the research.ResultsFTIR results confirmed the silanization proceed due to the silane absorption peak disappearing and shifting of the hydroxyl group bonds in to the amide bonds. This test showed that 30 wt.% GPTMS has not been sufficient for full functionalization of the NPs. According to FESEM images, it seems that the NPs were better modified by 80 wt.% GPTMS due to the least NPs aggregation and lack of coupling agent deposition on the NPs. Also, TGA illustrates that this sample has higher thermal stability because of lower weight loss (11.2%) in coupling agent decomposition temperature range: 130-380°C. Furthermore, X-Ray Diffraction confirmed the FESEM and TGA results about the mentioned sample due to its highest crystallite size (increase 26.64% in crystallite size in comparison with the pure sample).ConclusionSo, the 80 wt.% of GPTMS introduced as the optimal concentration for surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles.
Effects on oxygenation and tissue perfusion of preoperative administration of levosimendan in hip fractures and left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Lorenzo Maria C Martín , Fariña Vanesa González , Giménez Nuría Montón , Marín Jorge Solera , Morales José A. Reboso 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hip fracture is common in elderly and has high morbidity and mortality. Many present left ventricular dysfunction, the use of inotropics may reduce perioperative cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a perioperative hemodynamic optimization protocol based on goal-guided therapy with levosimendan in these patients.Methods: In this prospective study 19 patients with LVEF <45% were recruited forhip surgery. They received an infusion of levosimendan 24h (0.1μg/kg/min) before surgery. Hemodynamic, oxygenation, tissue perfusion and analytical parameters; and ultrasound measurements of cardiac function were obtained before and at 24, 48 hours and 7 days later.Results: Patients mean age was 86±7 years. Both cardiac index, from 2.9±0.6 L.min–1m–2 at baseline to 3.7±0.8 L.min–1m–2 (P <0.001) and stroke volume index, from 36 ± 10 to 44 ± 8 mL/ m–2 (P =0.003) increased significantly at 24 h after drug initiation and remained significantly increased for 48 h. Systemic vascular resistance index decreased significantly (from 2302 ± 726 dyn.s.cm–5 m–2 to 1676 ± 530 dyn.s.cm–5 m–2 , P <0.001). Ejection fraction and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral also increased without reaching significance. A decrease in the NT-proBNP values was observed without statistical significance. Troponin I decreased non-significant until day 7, from 0.143 ± 0.42 pg/mL to 0.113 ± 0.15 pg/mL (P=0.17). DO2 increased significantly in parallel to CI from 751 ± 196 mL/min to 854 ± 340 mL/min (P =0.04) at 48 h, while O2 ER decreased significantly during infusion, 36 ± 7% to 32 ± 8% (P =0.04) ScvO2 significantly increased from 61 ± 7% to 69 ± 8% (P =<0.001) 48 h after infusion.Conclusions: The implementation of a preoperative optimization protocol based on goal-directed therapy with levosimendan in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and hip fractures did not present major complications. An improvement in perioperative haemodynamic parameters and also in the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption at tissue level was found. Levosimendan decreased mortality a year with respect to a retrospective case registry.