bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singled out no longer: The changing narratives and types of single‐parent families
Authors: Yorks Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle parenthood has risen dramatically in the United States over the last 50 years, along with social science research on these families. Some of this early research centered on causes as well as the consequences of single parenthood, especially on children, the latter of which many scholars argue reifies differences as problematic in single‐parent families by comparing them against the “normative” framework of heterosexual, married‐parent families. More recently, however, there has been much growth in social science research that examines the lived experiences of single parents and their children. In this review, I focus on this expanding field of inquiry and present research that highlights the diversity and complexity of single‐parent families. In particular, I summarize the classed, raced, and gendered media and public discourse on single parents, the changing demographics of single parenthood in the United States, and the ways that poor, Black single mothers are shifting the narrative on these families. I also discuss three types of single‐parent families that have received increasing scholarly attention: single parents in multigenerational homes, single fathers, and single parents “by choice.” These subtypes further nuance discussion of single parenthood by highlighting the growing diversity of these families. New developments and future directions for research on single parenthood are also discussed.
Clustering with implicit constraints: A novel approach to housing market segmentation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqi , Zheng Yanqiao , Ye Xinyue , Peng Qiong , Wang Wenbo , Li Shengwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConstrained clustering has been widely studied and outperforms both the traditional unsupervised clustering and experience‐oriented approaches. However, the existing literature on constrained clustering concentrates on spatially explicit constraints, while many constraints in housing market studies are implicit. Ignoring the implicit constraints will result in unreliable clustering results. This article develops a novel framework for constrained clustering, which takes implicit constraints into account. Specifically, the research extends the classical greedy searching algorithm by adding one back‐and‐forth searching step, efficiently coping with the order sensitivity. Via evaluation on both synthetic and real data sets, it turns out that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms, even when only the traditional pairwise constraints are provided. In an application to a concrete housing market segmentation problem, the proposed algorithm shows its power to accommodate user‐specified homogeneity criteria to extract hidden information on the underlying urban spatial structure.
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
Authors: Radke Heidi , Joeris Alexander , Chen Maio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the currently available validated owner‐reported outcome measures (OROMs) for assessing pain and function in dogs with osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.Study designSystematic review.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed in December, 2019, using search terms relevant to OROMs for pain and function in dogs with osteoarthritis and other joint diseases. The measurement properties of the resulting outcome instruments and validation studies were evaluated with the Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).ResultsSeventeen publications describing the validation of 6 OROMs were selected and evaluated with the COSMIN. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), Canine Orthopedic Index (COI), and Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) provided evidence of sufficient content validity. Internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness were the most frequently validated other properties. Both CBPI and COI had sufficient internal consistency; LOAD, being formative in construct, need not be assessed for internal consistency. No instruments provided information on measurement errors.ConclusionThe CBPI, COI, and LOAD can be recommended for use in dogs with osteoarthritis. Further evidence is necessary to increase the interpretability of these instruments or expand their application into other canine orthopedic conditions. Further evidence is also needed before the other 3 instruments can be recommended.Clinical significanceThis systematic evaluation of 6 OROMs provides clinicians and researchers with a tool that facilitates and improves evidence‐based selection of outcome measures for evaluating canine osteoarthritis and other joint disease treatments.
SCIENCE–RELIGION BOUNDARIES IN INDIAN SCIENTIFIC WORKPLACES
Authors: Khalsa Simranjit , Kalinowski Brenton , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent social scientific studies have focused on the different ways in which scientists conceive of the relationship between science and religion, conflict, complementary, independent, or some other understanding. However, there is still much less research on scientists’ religious lives outside the United States and the United Kingdom. Drawing on data from participant observation, in‐depth interviews (N = 80) and nationally representative surveys (N = 1,763) with physicists and biologists in India, we begin to address this gap. We find that even though the majority of scientists report the independence view through our survey, when interviewed they say that religion and scientific work overlap considerably and in distinctive ways from the United States and the United Kingdom. Specifically, Indian scientific institutions (1) seek religious authorization, (2) offer religious accommodation to staff and students, and (3) facilitate selective integration of religion into the workplace. Our article shows how, in spite of scientists’ espoused preferences for non‐overlapping magisteria and attempts to construct boundaries between religion and science, religion overlaps with science in scientific workplaces.
All‐optical monitoring of excitation–secretion coupling demonstrates that SV2A functions downstream of evoked Ca2+ entry
Authors: Bradberry Mazdak M. , Chapman Edwin R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSV2A, an essential transporter‐like synaptic vesicle protein, is a major target for antiepileptic drugs and a receptor for clostridial neurotoxins including Botox. While SV2A is required for normal levels of evoked neurotransmitter release, the mechanism underlying this role remains unclear. Here, we introduce a new chemogenetic approach for all‐optical monitoring of excitation–secretion coupling, and we demonstrate its use in characterizing the SV2A knockout (KO) phenotype in cultured hippocampal neurons. This method employs the HaloTag system to target a robust small‐molecule Ca2+ indicator, JF646–BAPTA, to the presynaptic compartment. The far‐red fluorescence of this indicator enables multiplexing with the fluorescent glutamate sensor iGluSnFR for detection of presynaptic Ca2+ influx and glutamate release at the same axonal boutons. Evoked glutamate release probability was reduced in SV2A KO neurons without a change in presynaptic Ca2+ entry, suggesting that SV2A supports vesicle fusion by increasing the functional availability, or efficiency, of the Ca2+‐regulated membrane fusion machinery.Key points
One of the most prescribed antiepileptic medications, levetiracetam, acts by binding a protein of uncertain molecular function.
This transporter‐like protein, SV2A, is trafficked to synaptic vesicles and acts to support neurotransmitter release, but the mechanism underlying this function has not been determined
In this study, we sought to establish whether SV2A changes Ca2+ signalling at nerve terminals, which is a key regulatory system for synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
To do so, we adapted new chemogenetic tools to perform all‐optical measurements of presynaptic Ca2+ and glutamate release in neurons lacking SV2A.
Our measurements showed that loss of SV2A reduces glutamate release without reducing Ca2+ influx at hippocampal nerve terminals, demonstrating that SV2A increases the likelihood that Ca2+ will trigger synaptic vesicle fusion.
Galactosidases Of Strain Bifidobacterium Longum Bim В-813d With Transglycosylating Activity
Authors: Morozova A.N. , Golovnyova N.А. , Ryabaya N.E. , Safonova M.E. 
Published: December 2021

Activity of bifidobacterial culture B. longum BIM В-813D to synthesize α- and β-galactosidases was investigated. Full genome sequencing and biochemical analysis have revealed isoenzymes with α- and β-galactosidase activities capable in addition to hydrolytic action to carry out transglycosylation reactions yielding galactooligosaccharides.
The obtained data enable to recommend bifidobacteria B. longum BIM В-813D as a key ingredient of probiotic products.
Evaluation of Nusselt Number for a Flow in a Parallel Plates Using Magnetohydrodynamics Second-Order Slip Model
Authors: Simsek Hatice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study is the examination of magnetohydrodinamics (MHD) flow and heat transfer between microparallel plates with constant wall heat flux using two different boundary condition coefficients, widely known in the literature, in a second-order slip flow and temperature jump boundary condition model. The stream of incompressible viscous liquid between rigid microtwin plates with electrical conductivity was assumed to be steady, laminar, hydrodynamically and thermally fully improved. The effects of dilution, viscous dissipation, and axial transmission, which are significant at the microscale, are also contained in the analysis. Momentum and energy equations are solved analytically under second-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. Closed type answers for the temperature field and the fully developed Nusselt number are derived as a function of the magnetic parameter (MHD), Knudsen number and modified Brinkman number. Particular attention has been paid to the effects of the magnetic field on the second-order slip flow conditions. The use of the second-order boundary condition coefficients proposed in the study varies according to the proposed boundary conditions and tends to increase and decrease the heat transfer. Otherwise, MHD increases the heat transfer for both boundary conditions.
A Method for Monitoring Vibrational Fatigue of Structure and Components
Authors: Moussallam Nadim , Ziegler Rainer , Rudolph Jürgen , Bergholz Steffen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A vibrational fatigue monitoring system has been developed by Framatome to assess, in real-time, the evolution of industrial structures, systems and components lifetime expectancy. Its originality comes from the fact that only one or a few acceleration measurements are necessary to reconstruct the complete stress history in the whole structure, including on welds or bolted connections that could not have been directly instrumented. From this stress history, a fatigue analysis with a rainflow counting algorithm is conducted and the cumulative usage factor of each weld or bolt is determined. The remaining life duration is then estimated. The method has been numerically and experimentally validated in that sense that the reconstructed stress histories were successfully compared to direct stress calculations and measurements. The system was then installed on five industrial structures submitted to transient dynamic excitations. It is expected that it will soon find further applications notably in monitoring vibrations induced during power plants transients that may induce some temporary resonance of piping equipment. Finally, the vibrational monitoring system can also be combined with a thermal fatigue monitoring system, many of which are already deployed, at least on nuclear power plants, and the reconstructed stresses might include both thermal and mechanical effects. Installing such a fatigue monitoring on a set of sensitive systems and components could be a valuable brick in the present trend of building digital twins of power plants or other industrial structures.
Bounded Elastic Moduli Multiplier Technique for Limit Loads: Part 2—Case Studies
Authors: Mangalaramanan Sathya Prasad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Part 1 of the article provides the theoretical underpinnings of a new method to determine statically admissible stress distributions in a structure, called bounded elastic moduli multiplier technique (BEMMT). It is shown that this method offers statically admissible stress distributions better than the power law and closer to elastic-plastic solutions for textbook cases such as thick cylinder, beam, etc. This part of the article offers several numerical examples to demonstrate the robustness of the method. Upper and lower bound limit loads are calculated using iterative elastic analyses using both power law and BEMMT. These results are compared with the ones obtained from elastic-plastic FEA. Consistently BEMMT has outperformed power law when it comes to estimating lower bound limit loads.
Matrix model partition function by a single constraint
Authors: Mironov A. , Mishnyakov V. , Morozov A. , Rashkov R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the recent study of Virasoro action on characters, we discovered that it gets especially simple for peculiar linear combinations of the Virasoro operators: particular harmonics of $${\hat{w}}$$

w
^

-operators. In this letter, we demonstrate that even more is true: a singlew-constraint is sufficient to uniquely specify the partition functions provided one assumes that it is a power series in time-variables. This substitutes the previous specifications in terms of two requirements: either a string equation imposed on the KP/Toda $$\tau $$
τ
-function or a pair of Virasoro generators. This mysterious single-entry definition holds for a variety of theories, including Hermitian and complex matrix models, and also matrix models with external matrix: the unitary and cubic Kontsevich models. In these cases, it is equivalent to W-representation and is closely related to super integrability. However, a similar single equation that completely determines the partition function exists also in the case of the generalized Kontsevich model (GKM) with potential of higher degree, when the constraint algebra is a larger W-algebra, and neither W-representation, nor superintegrability are understood well enough.
Safety and antibody response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Greenberg Ross S. , Ruddy Jake A. , Boyarsky Brian J. , Werbel William A. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline M. , Segev Dorry L. , Imus Philip H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were excluded from the original SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine trials, which may influence vaccine hesitancy in this population. We prospectively characterized the safety and immunogenicity of two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in 44 patients with MM, who underwent vaccination from 12/17/2020 to 3/18/2021.

Results
Rates adverse reactions were low and consistent with those documented in vaccine trials. Among those on MM therapy, 93% developed detectable anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies after dose 2, while 94% of patients not on MM therapy seroconverted.

Conclusions
Two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is mildly reactogenic and leads to high rates of seroconversion in patients with MM. These findings can provide reassurance to MM patients who are hesitant to receive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
Patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion show reduced radial peripapillary capillary density in their fellow eyes
Authors: Fan Lingling , Zhu Yazhou , Sun Xiaomei , Yu Jinguo , Yan Hua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density in the fellow eyes of unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and further analyze the correlation between RPC density and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.

Methods
Seventy-eight unilateral RVO patients and 70 normal controls were included in the study. OCTA was conducted with the 4.5 × 4.5-mm scan pattern centered on the optic nerve head, and the RPC density and peripapillary RNFL thickness were quantified.

Results
The peripapillary RNFL in the RVO fellow eyes was significantly thinner than in normal controls in the average, inferior-hemisphere, inferior quadrant, and temporal quadrant (P < 0.05, respectively). The RPC density in the fellow eyes was also significantly lower in the average, inferior-hemisphere, nasal quadrant, and temporal quadrant ((P < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in RNFL thickness and RPC density between branch RVO fellow eyes and central RVO fellow eyes. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the RPC density and RNFL thickness in all measurements (P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
The regional RPC density was reduced in the RVO fellow eyes, which might contribute to peripapillary RNFL thinning in the corresponding region, suggesting the influence of systemic risk factors on RVO. OCTA may offer new insights into the pathophysiology of RVO.
Prediction of effective Lens position using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in Chinese subjects with angle closure
Authors: Wu Yuzhou , Zhang Shunhua , Zhong Yong , Bian Ailing , Zhang Yang , Wang Zaowen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the accuracy of biometric parameters measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and partial coherence interferometry (PCI) in prediction of effective lens position (ELP) compared with previous formulas in PACG patients.

Methods
121 PACG eyes were randomly divided into training set (85 eyes) and validation set (36 eyes) with same procedure including AS-OCT, PCI, phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery. Preoperative anterior chamber depth (pre-ACD), scleral spur depth (SSD), scleral spur width (SSW), lens vault (LV) and cornea thickness (CT) were measured from AS-OCT image. Axial length (AL) and corneal power (K) were measured by PCI. All the 7 parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression in training set and a statistic regression formula was developed. In validation set, one-way ANOVA was applied to compare the new regression formula with Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff theoretic (SRK/T), Holladay 1, Haigis, and a regression formula developed in previous study.

Results
The coefficient of determination (R2) of different parameter combinations are 0.19 (pre-ACD, AL), 0.25 (AL, K) and 0.49 (SSD, AL, SSW) in training set. In validation set, the correlation between predicted and measured ELP are: new formula (R2 = 0.50, P = 0.9947) Holladay 1 (R2 = 0.12, P < 0.0001), SRK/T (R2 = 0.11, P < 0.0001) and Haigis (R2 = 0.06, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Among 7 tested parameters, pre-ACD contribute little in ELP prediction. Formula consist of SSD, AL and SSW showed better accuracy than other formulas tested.
Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway
Authors: Yu Mengdan , Zhang Lijun , Sun Shasha , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main features of DR are inflammation and oxidative damage. Gliquidone (GLI) is confirmed to be a hypoglycemic drug by oral administration. The current study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GLI on the pathogenesis of DR.MethodsHigh glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI on DR in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of GLI on retinal structures, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The levels of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway-related proteins were determined by western blotting.ResultsGLI treatment promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of HG-induced HRECs. Meanwhile, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha and reactive oxygen species were suppressed, while both catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated after GLI treatment in HG-induced HRECs. Furthermore, we found that Silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) silencing reversed the inhibiting effects of GLI on the levels of protein Notch1 and effector genes Hes1 and Hey2. Similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI in STZ-induced DM rats were observed. Additionally, GLI administration also repressed vascular hyperpermeability in vivo.ConclusionGLI may be an effective agent to improve DR through repression of inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1/Notch1 pathway.
Differentiation between acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy in elderly persons: two case reports
Authors: Zhang Qin , Qin Xiuhong , Xu Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
We report one case of rare acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in an elderly patient with hypertension and one case of common paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in a patient with diabetes mellitus to illustrate the difference between the two diseases.

Case presentation
This report describes two cases, one involving AMN and the other PAMM. The first patient was a 70-year-old man complaining of blurred vision for 3 days. He was examined with fundus photography, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT); a diagnosis of AMN was established. The second patient was a 50-year-old woman who complained of decreased vision during the past month. She had had diabetes mellitus for 6 years. From the ophthalmic imaging examination, the patient was diagnosed with PAMM and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Both patients were treated with drugs for improving microcirculation and neurotrophic drugs; however, there was no significant improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusions
AMN is more common in young patients and is rarely observed in elderly patients with systemic diseases. The OCTA examination has an auxiliary diagnostic value for deep retinal capillary network ischaemia. Meanwhile, OCT examination has important imaging value in differentiating AMN from PAMM and can help avoid missed diagnoses.