bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the use of translation apps to overcome everyday healthcare communication in Australian aged‐care hospital wards—An exploratory study
Authors: Hwang Kerry , Williams Sue , Zucchi Emiliano , Chong Terence W.H. , Mascitti‐Meuter Monita , LoGiudice Dina , Goh Anita M.Y. , Panayiotou Anita , Batchelor Frances 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo trial three mobile translation apps in the healthcare setting to address language barriers in everyday care between healthcare staff and older people with limited English proficiency (LEP).DesignA mixed‐methods exploratory study.MethodsA two‐month trial of three translation apps was conducted across four aged‐care hospital wards. Observed interactions during use of translation apps were recorded, and staff surveys regarding the use of translation apps were collected at the end of the trial. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis of open‐ended responses in the surveys and observations. Findings from the thematic content analysis are reported using the Standards for Reporting of Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist.ResultsTranslation apps were mostly used for identifying pain and assisting with activities of daily living. Qualitative findings revealed that translation apps aided staff in providing care and improved rapport; however, practical shortcomings were identified.
Application of social cognitive theory in weight management: Time for a biological component?
Authors: Anton Stephen , Das Sai Krupa , McLaren Christian , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the utility of social cognitive theory for facilitating individual behavior changes needed for initial weight loss, this model has been less effective in facilitating adherence to recommended lifestyle changes required for sustainable weight‐loss maintenance. One potential reason for the limited long‐term effectiveness of lifestyle interventions guided by this model is that the model does not consider the important influence that biology can have on weight‐relevant behaviors, during both weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance, via sensations of hunger and satiety and changes in energy metabolism (expenditure and fat oxidation). We describe here a proposed revision to social cognitive theory that allows for biological factors to exist in reciprocal determinism with behavioral, environmental, and personal factors, with the goal of creating a theoretical basis for lifestyle interventions with greater personalization in order to facilitate better long‐term adherence and improve weight‐loss maintenance.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of laminar carbon/epoxy composites modified with magnesium oxide microparticles
Authors: Uzay Çağrı 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) microparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. The polymer epoxy matrix was modified with 0% (pure), 2 wt%, and 4 wt% MgO fillers. Then the laminar composites were manufactured with the vacuum bag method. The energy absorption capacity and impact strength were determined from the Charpy impact tests, whereas the flexural characteristics were evaluated by conducting three‐point bending experiments. Scanned electron microscopy was used to examine both the dispersion of microparticles and the fracture surface of experimentally tested specimens. Thermal performance of the polymer composites with and without MgO additives was analyzed comparatively by performing the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The decomposition temperatures and glass transition temperatures of the composites were obtained. Approximately 30% increment in impact strength was achieved thanks to the MgO fillers. However, although the flexural strength decreased since the MgO particles caused stress concentration, the flexural modulus was not affected due to the decrease of elongation at break. The TGA and DSC instrumentations showed that the decomposition temperatures increased, and curing behaviors were improved depending upon the MgO content.
Characteristics of the Reacting Flow for the Base‐Bleed Projectile under Dual Stress
Authors: Zhou Shupei , Yu Yonggang , Ye Zhenwei , Ma Longze 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the base‐bleed projectile (BBP) is ejected from the muzzle, high‐speed rotation and rapid depressurization in the combustion chamber bring much initial disturbance to the BBP. In order to research the effect of propellant gas on the drag reduction performance for the BBP, a chemical non‐equilibrium flow model is established under the dual environmental stress of high‐speed rotation and rapid depressurization. This numerical model is coupled with a H2‐CO reaction mechanism and propellant burning rate model. Detailed numerical results of flow patterns, heat energy addition, and mass addition for various rotation speeds are discussed. The results show that the supersonic under‐expanded jet gradually transforms into a subsonic jet, and a low‐pressure recirculation zone appears at the wake of BBP. Moreover, the tangential velocity in the combustion chamber presents a typical distribution of the Rankie combined vortex. The high‐pressure jet rapidly expands to the outside low‐pressure environment, and the pressure in the combustion chamber (pc) drops sharply. After 1.15 ms, the outside gas flows back into the combustion chamber, and the rotation increases the fluctuation intensity of the inter flow field. pc reaches 0.718 p0 and remains stable after 4.0 ms. The rotation of BBP increases the pressure and Mach number near the nozzle at 5.0 ms.
The roles of family resources and family structure in moving from the parental home and village among young Indonesians
Authors: Pardede Elda Luciana , Mulder Clara H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the effects of family resources and family structure among young Indonesians on the likelihood of leaving the parental home and village in general and for three types of reasons: work, education, and marriage. Using all five waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey, we find that the effects of family resources and structure differ by reason for moving. For example, parental education is positively related to moving for education, but not to moving for work or marriage. We also find that being the oldest child is positively related to moving in general and belonging to an extended family is negatively related to moving for work. Our results suggest that moving from the parental village for work, education, and marriage are different processes. Furthermore, while some of the findings are in line with previous findings for leaving home in Western countries, other findings are typical of developing countries.
An audit of inter‐hospital transfers of children with abdominal pain and their associated medical imaging findings
Authors: Reddan Tristan , Halligan Toni , Corness Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound is a common first‐line examination in acute abdominal pain in children. In rural and regional areas, ultrasound is an important factor in decisions to transfer paediatric patients for tertiary care. Transfers can be over a considerable distance, by road and air, and at great cost. This audit reviewed ultrasound findings in children transferred to an Australian paediatric hospital for acute abdominal pain.MethodsChildren transferred for acute abdominal pain between July 2018 and June 2019 was identified. Imaging findings at the transferring and receiving facility were reviewed, along with the patient's electronic medical record. Suspected and final diagnoses were recorded, and the accuracy of imaging evaluated.ResultsThere were 172 transfers identified, mean age was 6 years 1 month, 66.3% were boys. Mean transfer distance was 55.4 km. The majority were suspected acute appendicitis (63.9%), followed by intussusception (20.3%), and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (14.5%). The majority of suspected diagnoses were ultimately false positives including pyloric stenosis, 52.0%; appendicitis, 50.9% and ileo‐colic intussusception, 74.3% of cases negative.ConclusionImproved diagnostic accuracy in evaluating causes of acute paediatric abdominal pain with ultrasound, particularly appendicitis, pyloric stenosis, and intussusception is required. Targeted education and clinical support mechanisms may reduce potentially unnecessary inter‐hospital transfers and their considerable associated costs.
Structural behavior of recycled tire crumb rubber sandwich panel in flexural bending
Authors: Awan Abdul Basir , Shaikh Faiz Uddin Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study presents the first phase of research, in which recycled tire crumb rubber is used as core in precast concrete sandwich panels. The proposed sandwich panel offers sustainable reuse of waste tires and improved structural efficiency by utilization of natural properties of rubber like high flexibility, thermal and sound insulation. Three types of panels namely solid concrete panel, foam (polystyrene) sandwich panel, and recycled tire crumb rubber sandwich panel are prepared and cast using 50 MPa self‐compacting concrete. A core thickness of 20 mm is provided as insulation in sandwich panels. A total of six specimens having 1100 mm length, 500 mm width, and 100 mm thickness are tested in flexural bending under four‐point loading. The structural performance of crumb rubber sandwich panel is compared against foam panel and solid concrete panel in terms of initial crack load, vertical deflection, critical peak load, strain distribution on concrete surface and in reinforcement, crack pattern, degree of composite action, and deformed shape. Moreover, initial stiffness method at elastic stage and the ultimate strength method at failure is implemented to gauge the percentage of composite behavior in sandwich panels. Both approaches predicted partial composite behavior in all specimens of sandwich panel. The research analysis demonstrated encouraging results in terms of flexural behavior for crumb rubber sandwich panel and feasibility of using it as a structural member in construction industry. The numerical analysis was performed in commercially available software “ABAQUS” in standard/explicit model using in‐built concrete damage plasticity model (CDP). The proposed model is developed as a potential tool for future studies on crumb rubber sandwich panels. The validation phase predicted a good agreement between experimentation and numerical results.
Multivariate genomic analysis and optimal contributions selection predicts high genetic gains in cooking time, iron, zinc, and grain yield in common beans in East Africa
Authors: Saradadevi Renu , Mukankusi Clare , Li Li , Amongi Winnyfred , Mbiu Julius Peter , Raatz Bodo , Ariza Daniel , Beebe Steve , Varshney Rajeev K. , Huttner Eric , Kinghorn Brian , Banks Robert , Rubyogo Jean Claude , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Cowling Wallace A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is important in African diets for protein, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), but traditional cultivars have long cooking time (CKT), which increases the time, energy, and health costs of cooking. Genomic selection was used to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for grain yield (GY), CKT, Fe, and Zn in an African bean panel of 358 genotypes in a two‐stage analysis. In Stage 1, best linear unbiased estimates (BLUE) for each trait were obtained from 898 genotypes across 33 field trials in East Africa. In Stage 2, BLUE in a training population of 141 genotypes were used in a multivariate genomic analysis with genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from the African bean panel. Moderate to high genomic heritability was found for GY (0.45 ± 0.10), CKT (0.50 ± 0.15), Fe (0.57 ± 0.12), and Zn (0.61 ± 0.13). There were significant favorable genetic correlations between Fe and Zn (0.91 ± 0.06), GY and Fe (0.66 ± 0.17), GY and Zn (0.44 ± 0.19), CKT and Fe (−0.57 ± 0.21), and CKT and Zn (−0.67 ± 0.20). Optimal contributions selection (OCS), based on economic index of weighted GEBV for each trait, was used to design crossing within four market groups relevant to East Africa. Progeny were predicted by OCS to increase in mean GY by 12.4%, decrease in mean CKT by 9.3%, and increase in mean Fe and Zn content by 6.9 and 4.6%, respectively, with low achieved coancestry of 0.032. Genomic selection with OCS will accelerate breeding of high‐yielding, biofortified, and rapid cooking African common bean cultivars.
Social barriers to open (water) data
Authors: Sugg Zachary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the proliferation of open water data platforms and initiatives in recent years is a laudable phenomenon, there is little empirical evidence indicating whether and to what extent these efforts are generating anticipated benefits of improved transparency, citizen participation, innovation, and water resource decision making. Relatedly, water resource researchers have devoted little attention to identifying and accounting for barriers that may be limiting open water data efforts from realizing their potential. The premise of this overview is that (a) open water data efforts could be improved with a better understanding of the non‐technical challenges and that (b) water researchers interested in open water data would benefit from delving into the emerging body of research in public policy, information science, and other disciplines on open data barriers more broadly. However, the research on open data barriers has neglected water sustainability issues. In light of this asymmetry, the aim of this overview is to foster interdisciplinary engagement on this topic by introducing the water resource community to this literature via a discussion of key social barriers to open data. Additionally, I hope to motivate water resource researchers to develop a two‐way interdisciplinary engagement by making original research contributions to this larger literature.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water
Science of Water > Methods
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Introduction
Authors: Zieliński Tadeusz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHistorically, humans have been, and continue to be, active in environments that have accompanied our species since its beginnings. We needed some time to discover these environments and learn how to manage them effectively. Initially, our primary natural environments were land and sea, but over time we also learned to fly, and eventually started to explore the outer space. For decades no one would expect that in addition to these three, and then four, domains, which are currently considered traditional, there is also a fifth—cyberspace, which permeates all the other. The discoverers of the electromagnetic field may have had an inkling that the waves they explored could form part of a new environment. But at that time no one used the term cyberspace, let alone being able to define it. Leaving aside the term itself, which emerged only in the second half of the twentieth century, cyberspace has become another area of exploration that is commonly considered to be interdisciplinary, and which at the same time is generating many new challenges, including especially those related to broadly defined security.
Tasks of the Minister of National Defence in the Field of Cybersecurity
Authors: Wąsowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article is an attempt to analyse the legal position of the Minister of National Defence of the Republic of Poland in the sphere of the national cybersecurity system. The author distinguishes a large number of types of functions of this public administration entity. On the other hand, the author conducts an analysis of cybersecurity competence of the independent bodies responsible for the cyberspace system security in Poland. The author demonstrates that the Minister of National Defence plays a crucial role in the Polish cybersecurity system in the context of the state’s external security.
Cybercrime in Selected European Countries
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study does not claim to exhaust all the abundant comparative legal issues. Therefore, it has been limited to discussing the penal provisions of eight European countries, without going into detailed considerations on issues related to e.g. form of offences committed or the liability of legal persons. The overarching intention was to present as diverse regulations as possible.All countries whose regulations were discussed have signed and ratified the Convention on Cybercrime and are members (except United Kingdom) of the European Union, which resulted in their obligation to implement Framework Decision 2005/222 on attacks against information systems, and the need to adapt their regulations to the provisions of Directive 2013/40, which has replaced this decision.
Cyberspace as an Area of Legal Regulation
Authors: Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet, which rose to prominence at the turn of the twenty-first century, is one of the most significant technological breakthroughs in human history. Cyberspace has now become the environment for the functioning of modern society, particularly the young generation. Under the influence of globalisation, computerisation and digitisation, human activity began to penetrate the virtual world. This shift has contributed to raising the standard and quality of life of citizens, increasing the productivity of entrepreneurs and the efficiency of the state. However, the changes have resulted in society’s increasing dependence on cyberspace and created the need to protect the public against potential attacks. Specifying the definition of cyberspace security was required in the course of developing the Cybersecurity Doctrine of the Republic of Poland.
International Regulations of Cybersecurity
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is no doubt that, due to the global nature of modern ICT networks, international cooperation plays a key role in ensuring cybersecurity, including in the fight against cybercrime.This chapter describes initiatives taken within international organizations to ensure cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime. The presentation will start with the initiatives of the OECD and the Council of Europe. This is due not only to some kind of “Eurocentrism” but above all to the fact that these two organisations were the first to address cybersecurity and cybercrime issues. In addition, the Council of Europe Convention 185 on CyberCrime of November the 23rd, 2001, an international agreement concluded in the Council of Europe, is a milestone in the prevention of computer crime, remaining the only binding act of international law to combat it. Its importance is best demonstrated by the constantly growing number of signatories (and countries that model without signatures after the provisions, e.g. Pakistan) and the fact that international organisations, or recommend that their members accept (UN, G7/G8, European Union) or “copy” provisions, creating their own model legal acts (e.g. Commonwealth).
The Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland
Authors: Kitler Waldemar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirective 2016/1148 obliged each Member State to have a national strategy in the field of network and information system security, defining strategic goals and specific policy actions to be implemented. The adoption of the “Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland” is also a requirement to implement the provision of Article 68 of the Act of 5 July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System.The strategy for the years 2019–2024, which defines targets in the field of cybersecurity, set the main goal, i.e. increasing the level of resilience to cyber threats and increasing the level of information protection in the public, military, and private sectors and promoting knowledge and good practices enabling citizens to better protect their information.As part of the activities planned in the Strategy until 2024, the Government of the Republic of Poland will systematically strengthen and develop the National Cybersecurity System. The activities include systemic organisational, operational, technological, and legal solutions, creating social attitudes and conducting scientific research in order to ensure compliance with high cybersecurity standards in the area of software, devices and digital services. Government activities will be undertaken with respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens and by building trust between individual market sectors and public administration.
Intellectual Property Exhaustion and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals: A Comparative and Critical Review
Authors: Calboli Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis Chapter addresses the topic of intellectual property (IP) exhaustion in the context of the parallel trade of pharmaceuticals. These imports, which are controversial in general, are more complex with respect to pharmaceuticals, which require additional marketing and import authorizations. Nevertheless, individual countries remain free to accept these imports under the flexibility of Article 6 of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects to Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). This Chapter reviews several national approaches—in developed, developing, and least developed countries (LDCs)—from the perspective of the exhaustion of patent rights as well as other IP rights. Through this review, it highlights that several countries today accept parallel trade. A large number of these countries are, however, developed countries, whereas several developing countries and LDCs instead prohibit parallel imports. This finding is perplexing, and the reasons for this restrictive approach are unclear as developing countries and LDCs need flexible policies and can largely benefit from parallel trade. In addition, despite the claim by the pharmaceutical industry that parallel trade would increase the price of medicines in these countries—as originator would increase prices due to the fear of parallel imports—medicines are sold at lower prices mostly because of governments’ pricing or after the expiration of patent protection. Based on this review, this Chapter concludes that national legislations, which are not taking advantage of the flexibility in Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement, may consider reviewing their policies and allow parallel imports.