bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Unidirectional Water‐Penetration Janus Fabric with Surface Electrospun Deposition
Authors: Zhao Jinchao , Xu Zhaobao , Liu Shake , Zhang Teng , Huang Leping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a new method to fabricate an integrated Janus fabric that has excellent unidirectional water‐penetration property. Based on commercial polyester fabric that is pretreated with CaCl2 solution, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) solution is deposited directly on the fabric via electrospinning and in situ chelated with Ca2+ contained in the fabric. The in situ formed PVA/SA gel coating not only transfers the surface of polyester fabric from hydrophobic to hydrophilic but also retains original porous structure of polyester fabric. As the water droplet contacts with unelectrospun side of modified polyester fabric (M‐PET) pretreated with 10 wt% CaCl2, it penetrates through the M‐PET within 1 s from unelectrospun side to electrospun side after application, and disappears on unelectrospun side within 2 s, and in turn, droplet spreads out on electrospun side of M‐PET within 2 s after application and no penetration occurs. The M‐PET pretreated with CaCl2 solution has outstanding antistatic property, vapor, and air permeability. The impact of ratio (v/v) of the PVA and SA solution and the concentration of CaCl2 pretreating solution on properties of the M‐PET are investigated.
Ag Interconnects Enhanced Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructure for Self‐Recovery Fluid Pipe Energy Harvester
Authors: Yang Guoxin , Shao Qianqian , Li Weiye , Yang Lin , Chen Li , Li Mengke , Ma Liuhong , Zhong Yinghui , Duan Zhiyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fluid pipes contain various forms of energy, which can be fully utilized to realize the self‐powered pipeline detection. It is a better strategy to convert some negative energy that endangers the operation of pipelines, such as destructive water hammer vibration energy, into electrical energy. Here, it is reported that an Ag interconnects enhanced self‐recovery triboelectric nanogenerator, in which a double‐electrodes energy harvester with self‐recovery polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure is fabricated as the base and the Cu conductive fabric is produced as the electrode. Ag interconnects are added to PDMS substrate to improve the efficiency of charge transfer. The device is able to effectively convert water harmer energy of the fluid in the pipes into electricity. Under a water flow of 12 L min−1, the peak output voltage and current of the device reached 3.9 V and 0.38 µA, respectively. The amount of charge transferred is 24 nC in 0.2 s. Besides, a single device can be formed into an energy harvesting array to meet the requirements of different environments and performances. This self‐recovery triboelectric nanogenerator provides new strategy and design to harvest energy from fluid pipes to protect them.
Dendron‐Functionalized Polyglutamate‐Pyropheophorbide‐a Conjugates as Nanomedicines for Breast Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Zhang Qianfeng , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Jing , Pan Dayi , Wang Bing , Zhu Hongyan , Zhang Hu , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown its promise in the treatment of cancer. Herein, a dendron‐functionalized polyglutamic acid (PGA) polymer (PG‐L8G‐Ppa‐Dendron, PGPD) is synthesized and it is conjugated with pyropheophorbide‐a (Ppa) for the first time to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), whereas a linear polyglutamate‐Ppa conjugate (PGP) is synthesized as a control. Compared to the linear counterpart, the glycosylated polymer‐based PGPD with a dendritic structure has excellent solubility and it self‐assembles to form uniform‐sized nanoparticles. PGPD displays a highly effective PDT effect in the animal model, evidenced with effective induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis. This may be due to an enhanced efficiency in delivery and accumulation of Ppa by this glycosylated dendritic polymer at tumor sites. Therefore, PGPD can be a highly effective and biosafe nanoagent for PDT of TNBC.
Cross‐linked Poly(Octadecyl Acrylate)/Polybutadiene Shape Memory Polymer Blends Prepared by Simultaneous Free Radical Cross‐linking, Grafting and Polymerization of Octadecyl Acrylate/Polybutadiene Blends
Authors: Du Haiyan , Marin Angel Juan , Basak Sayan , Lai Tzu‐Yu , Cavicchi Kevin A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA semi‐crystalline, shape memory polymer (SMP) is fabricated by free radical cross‐linking, polymerization, and grafting in a blend of n‐octadecyl acrylate and polybutadiene (PB). Poly(n‐octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) is a side‐chain crystalline polymer, which serves as the structure‐fixing network counterbalancing the elastically deformed, cross‐linked polymer network. At a constant 50/50 ratio of monomer and polymer the amount of free radical initiator, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is varied from 1% to 5% w/w PB. From swelling measurements and calculation of the cross‐link density it is determined that DCP produces greater than one cross‐link per DCP molecule. It is found that lower cross‐linking efficiency is favorable for higher shape fixity. This lower efficiency is found to produce a higher degree of crystallinity of the PODA in the 2–5% DCP samples, which is determined to be the main driver of higher shape fixity of the polymer. A SMP with >90% fixity and 100% recovery at uniaxial strains from 34–79% is achieved. This material should be useful for mold processing of shape memory articles. This approach provides a method to decouple the elastomeric and thermoplastic portions of a SMP to convert commodity elastomers into SMPs and tailor the shape memory response.
Mass spectrometry‐based tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery
Authors: Ponzini Erika , Santambrogio Carlo , De Palma Antonella , Mauri Pierluigi , Tavazzi Silvia , Grandori Rita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lacrimal film has attracted increasing interest in the last decades as a potential source of biomarkers of physiopathological states, due to its accessibility, moderate complexity, and responsiveness to ocular and systemic diseases. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has led to effective approaches to tear proteomics, despite the intrinsic limitations in sample amounts. This review focuses on the recent progress in strategy and technology, with an emphasis on the potential for personalized medicine. After an introduction on lacrimal‐film composition, examples of applications to biomarker discovery are discussed, comparing approaches based on pooled‐sample and single‐tear analysis. Then, the most critical steps of the experimental pipeline, that is, tear collection, sample fractionation, and LC‐MS implementation, are discussed with reference to proteome‐coverage optimization. Advantages and challenges of the alternative procedures are highlighted. Despite the still limited number of studies, tear quantitative proteomics, including single‐tear investigation, could offer unique contributions to the identification of low‐invasiveness, sustained‐accessibility biomarkers, and to the development of personalized approaches to therapy and diagnosis.
Microbial community and metabolic function analysis of cigar tobacco leaves during fermentation
Authors: Liu Fang , Wu Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaoping , Xi Gaolei , Zhao Zhe , Lai Miao , Zhao Mingqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) contain abundant bacteria and fungi that are vital to leaf quality during fermentation. In this study, artificial fermentation was used for the fermentation of CTLs since it was more controllable and efficient than natural aging. The bacterial and fungal community structure and composition in unfermented and fermented CTLs were determined to understand the effects of microbes on the characteristics of CTLs during artificial fermentation. The relationship between the chemical contents and alterations in the microbial composition was evaluated, and the functions of bacteria and fungi in fermented CTLs were predicted to determine the possible metabolic pathways. After artificial fermentation, the bacterial and fungal community structure significantly changed in CTLs. The total nitrate and nicotine contents were most readily affected by the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. FAPROTAX software predictions of the bacterial community revealed increases in functions related to compound transformation after fermentation. FUNGuild predictions of the fungal community revealed an increase in the content of saprotrophic fungi after fermentation. These data provide information regarding the artificial fermentation mechanism of CTLs and will inform safety and quality improvements.
Replication of a Novel Parkinson's Locus in a European Ancestry Population
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Kumar‐Sreelatha Ashwin Ashok , Bobbili Dheeraj R. , May Patrick , Domenighetti Cloé , Sugier Pierre‐Emmanuel , Schulte Claudia ,   COURAGE‐PD Consortium, Elbaz Alexis , Krüger Rejko , Gasser Thomas , Sharma Manu ,   COURAGE‐PD Consortium
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA recently published East Asian genome‐wide association study of Parkinson;s disease (PD) reported 2 novel risk loci, SV2C and WBSCR17.ObjectivesThe objective of this study were to determine whether recently reported novel SV2C and WBSCR17 loci contribute to the risk of developing PD in European and East Asian ancestry populations.MethodsWe report an association analysis of recently reported variants with PD in the COURAGE‐PD cohort (9673 PD patients; 8465 controls) comprising individuals of European and East Asian ancestries. In addition, publicly available summary data (41,386 PD patients; 476,428 controls) were pooled.ResultsOur findings confirmed the role of the SV2C variant in PD pathogenesis (rs246814, COURAGE‐PD PEuropean = 6.64 × 10−4, pooled PD P = 1.15 × 10−11). The WBSCR17 rs9638616 was observed as a significant risk marker in the East Asian pooled population only (P = 1.16 × 10−8).ConclusionsOur comprehensive study provides an up‐to‐date summary of recently detected novel loci in different PD populations and confirmed the role of SV2C locus as a novel risk factor for PD irrespective of the population or ethnic group analyzed. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cerebral Microbleeds in Fragile X–Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Salcedo‐Arellano María Jimena , Wang Jun Yi , McLennan Yingratana A. , Doan Mai , Cabal‐Herrera Ana Maria , Jimenez Sara , Wolf‐Ochoa Marisol W. , Sanchez Desiree , Juarez Pablo , Tassone Flora , Durbin‐Johnson Blythe , Hagerman Randi J. , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease of late onset developed by carriers of the premutation in the fragile x mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Pathological features of neurodegeneration in fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome include toxic levels ofFMR1mRNA, ubiquitin‐positive intranuclear inclusions, white matter disease, iron accumulation, and a proinflammatory state.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the presence of cerebral microbleeds in the brains of patients with fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and investigate plausible causes for cerebral microbleeds in fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.MethodsWe collected cerebral and cerebellar tissue from 15 fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases and 15 control cases carryingFMR1normal alleles. We performed hematoxylin and eosin, Perls and Congo red stains, ubiquitin, and amyloid β protein immunostaining. We quantified the number of cerebral microbleeds, amount of iron, presence of amyloid β within the capillaries, and number of endothelial cells containing intranuclear inclusions. We evaluated the relationships between pathological findings using correlation analysis.ResultsWe found intranuclear inclusions in the endothelial cells of capillaries and an increased number of cerebral microbleeds in the brains of those with fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, both of which are indicators of cerebrovascular dysfunction. We also found a suggestive association between the amount of capillaries that contain amyloid β in the cerebral cortex and the rate of disease progression.ConclusionWe propose microangiopathy as a pathologic feature of fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A theoretical framework for retrospective correction to the arterial input function in quantitative myocardial perfusion MRI
Authors: Fan Lexiaozi , Allen Bradley D. , Culver Austin E. , Hsu Li‐Yueh , Hong Kyungpyo , Benefield Brandon C. , Carr James C. , Lee Daniel C. , Kim Daniel 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a flexible, Bloch‐equation based framework for retrospective correction to the arterial input function (AIF) obtained with quantitative cardiac perfusion pulse sequences.MethodsOur framework initially calculates the gadolinium concentration [Gd] based on T1 measurements alone. Next, is estimated from this initial calculation of [Gd] while assuming fast water exchange and using the literature native T2 and static magnetic field variation (ΔB0) values. Finally, the [Gd] is recalculated after performing correction to the Bloch equation signal model. Using this approach, we performed correction to historical phantom and in vivo, dual‐imaging perfusion data sets from 3 different patient groups obtained using different pulse sequences and imaging parameters. Images were processed to quantify both the AIF and resting myocardial blood flow (MBF). We also performed a sensitivity analysis of our correction to ±20% variations in native T2 and ΔB0.ResultsCompared with the ground truth [Gd] of phantom, the normalized root‐means‐square‐error (NRMSE) in measured [Gd] was 5.1%, 1.3%, and 0.6% for uncorrected, our corrected, and Kellman’s corrected, respectively. For in vivo data, both the peak AIF (7.0 ± 3.0 mM vs. 8.6 ± 7.1 mM, 7.2 ± 0.9 mM vs. 8.6 ± 1.7 mM, 7.7 ± 1.8 mM vs. 10.3 ± 5.1 mM, P < .001) and resting MBF (1.3 ± 0.1 mL/g/min vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 mL/g/min, 1.3 ± 0.1 mL/g/min vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 mL/g/min, 1.2 ± 0.1 mL/g/min vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 mL/g/min, P < .001) values were significantly different between uncorrected and corrected for all 3 patient groups. Both the peak AIF and resting MBF values varied by <5% over the said variations in native T2 and ΔB0.ConclusionOur theoretical framework enables retrospective correction to the AIF obtained with dual‐imaging, cardiac perfusion pulse sequences.
Estimating myofiber cross‐sectional area and connective tissue deposition with electrical impedance myography: A study in D2‐mdx mice
Authors: Pandeya Sarbesh R. , Nagy Janice A. , Riveros Daniela , Semple Carson , Taylor Rebecca S. , Mortreux Marie , Sanchez Benjamin , Kapur Kush , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSurface electrical impedance myography (sEIM) has the potential for providing information on muscle composition and structure noninvasively. We sought to evaluate its use to predict myofiber size and connective tissue deposition in the D2‐mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodsWe applied a prediction algorithm, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, to select specific EIM measurements obtained with surface and ex vivo EIM data from D2‐mdx and wild‐type (WT) mice (analyzed together or separately). We assessed myofiber cross‐sectional area histologically and hydroxyproline (HP), a surrogate measure for connective tissue content, biochemically.ResultsUsing WT and D2‐mdx impedance values together in the algorithm, sEIM gave average root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) of 26.6% for CSA and 45.8% for HP, which translate into mean errors of ±363 μm2 for a mean CSA of 1365 μm2 and of ±1.44 μg HP/mg muscle for a mean HP content of 3.15 μg HP/mg muscle. Stronger predictions were obtained by analyzing sEIM data from D2‐mdx animals alone (RMSEs of 15.3% for CSA and 34.1% for HP content). Predictions made using ex vivo EIM data from D2‐mdx animals alone were nearly equivalent to those obtained with sEIM data (RMSE of 16.59% for CSA), and slightly more accurate for HP (RMSE of 26.7%).DiscussionSurface EIM combined with a predictive algorithm can provide estimates of muscle pathology comparable to values obtained using ex vivo EIM, and can be used as a surrogate measure of disease severity and progression and response to therapy.
Burnout and job satisfaction among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia and their contributing factors: A scoping review
Authors: Alzailai Nawal , Barriball Louise , Xyrichis Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimNurses working in highly demanding areas, such as intensive care units, are more likely to experience burnout and low job satisfaction than nurses working in less demanding areas. This review aims to assess the degree of well‐being of nurses working in critical care settings in Saudi Arabia by evaluating their levels of burnout and job satisfaction, as well as the factors that contribute to them.DesignA scoping review.MethodSeven databases were searched for published research that examined the levels and factors of burnout and job satisfaction in intensive care units nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as literature in which terminology other than “burnout” or terms related to burnout (such as “stress,” “compassion fatigue” and “moral distress”) were used that were conducted within Saudi Arabia. Data extraction and synthesis were performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. The present review was undertaken between January 2020 and December 2020.ResultsEleven studies related to burnout and job satisfaction, and their contributing factors were identified. Evidence from this review indicated that intensive care units nurses in Saudi Arabia are suffering from moderate to high levels of burnout while experiencing only moderate levels of job satisfaction. Three categories of factors were found to be associated with burnout and nursing job satisfaction: intrapersonal, interpersonal and extra‐personal factors. The review highlights important findings for policy and nursing practice that can inform future studies and the development of burnout management strategies.
Evaluation of adulteration in distillate samples of Rosa damascena Mill using colorimetric sensor arrays, chemometric tools and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐GC‐MS
Authors: Mahboubifar Marjan , Hemmateenejad Bahram , Jassbi Amir Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionRosa damascena Mill distillate and its essential oil are widely used in cosmetics, perfumes and food industries. Therefore, the methods of detection for its authentication is an important issue.ObjectivesWe suggest colorimetric sensor array and chemometric methods to discriminate natural Rosa distillate from synthetic adulterates.Material and methodsThe colour responses of 20 indicators spotted on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate were monitored with a flatbed scanner; then their digital representation was analysed with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA).ResultsAccurate discrimination of the diluted‐ and synthetic‐mixture samples from the original ones was achieved by PLS‐DA and SIMCA models with error rate of 0.01 and 0, specificity of 0.98 and 1, sensitivity of 1 and 1, and accuracy of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. Discrimination of the synthetic adulterate from the original samples was achieved with error rate of 0.03 and 0.03, specificity of 0.94 and 0.93, sensitivity of 1 and 1, and accuracy of 0.93 and 0.71 with PLS‐DA and SIMCA models, respectively. Moreover, the chemical constituents of the samples were analysed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The main constituents of the distillate were geraniol, citronellol, and phenylethyl alcohol in different percentages, in both original and synthetic adulterate samples.ConclusionThese results point out the successful combination of colorimetric sensor array and PLS‐DA and SIMCA as a fast, sensitive and inexpensive screening tool for discrimination of original samples of R. damascena Mill distillate from those prepared from synthetic Rosa essential oils.
MS Amanda 2.0: Advancements in the standalone implementation
Authors: Dorfer Viktoria , Strobl Marina , Winkler Stephan , Mechtler Karl 
Published: March 2021

RationaleDatabase search engines are the preferred method to identify peptides in mass spectrometry data. However, valuable software is in this context not only defined by a powerful algorithm to separate correct from false identifications, but also by constant maintenance and continuous improvements.MethodsIn 2014, we presented our peptide identification algorithm MS Amanda, showing its suitability for identifying peptides in high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry data and its ability to outperform widely used tools to identify peptides. Since then, we have continuously worked on improvements to enhance its usability and to support new trends and developments in this fast‐growing field, while keeping the original scoring algorithm to assess the quality of a peptide spectrum match unchanged.ResultsWe present the outcome of these efforts, MS Amanda 2.0, a faster and more flexible standalone version with the original scoring algorithm. The new implementation has led to a 3–5× speedup, is able to handle new ion types and supports standard data formats. We also show that MS Amanda 2.0 works best when using only the most common ion types in a particular search instead of all possible ion types.ConclusionsMS Amanda is available free of charge from https://ms.imp.ac.at/index.php?action=msamanda.
Dynamic scaling‐based adaptive control without scaling factor: With application to Euler–Lagrange systems
Authors: Xia Dongdong , Yue Xiaokui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA modular dynamic scaling‐based immersion and invariance (I&I) adaptive control framework for a class of nonlinear system with parametric uncertainties is presented in this paper. The framework is based on an invariant manifold approach which allows for predefined target dynamics to be assigned to the closed‐loop systems. The integrability obstacle typically inherent to I&I methodology is overcome by the matrix reconstruction and dynamic scaling technique. The prominent feature is that this methodology can be implemented without scaling factor, and hence the introduction of the scaling factor is just to prove the additive disturbance brought by the matrix reconstruction can be eliminated by constant feedback gains. Moreover, the bounded robustness against three different types of disturbance is verified. As an application, Euler‐Lagrange systems with unknown inertia parameters are applied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Active Delivery of CRISPR System Using Targetable or Controllable Nanocarriers
Authors: Lyu Yan , Yang Cheng , Lyu Xiaomei , Pu Kanyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong programmable nuclease‐based genome editing tools, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system with accuracy and the convenient operation is most promising to be applied in gene therapy. The development of effective delivery carriers for the CRISPR system is the major premise to achieve practical applications. Although many nanocarrier‐mediated deliveries have been reported to be safer and cheaper over the physical and viral delivery, the accumulation at disease sites or controllability with the spatial or temporal resolution are still desired on nanocarriers to reduce side effects and off‐target from the CRISPR system. Therefore, the targetable and controllable nanocarriers to actively deliver the CRISPR system are summarized. The cell or even organ selective nanocarriers are introduced first, followed by the discussion of nanocarriers controlled by biochemical or physical signals. At last, the potential challenges faced by existing nanocarriers are discussed.