bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, prevalence and genetic diversity study of potato viruses in Northeastern states of India
Authors: Halabi Mohamad Hussam , Oladokun John Oladeji , Baldodiya Gajendra Mohan , Borah Basanta Kumar , Nath Palash Deb 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPotato affecting viruses is an important biotic factor that hampers both the quality and yield of potato production worldwide. The occurrence of potato viruses has been historically recorded in India. Viruses such as potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus A (PVA), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus S (PVS), potato leafroll virus (PLRV) have been recorded in all potato growing zones. To investigate the presence and distribution of potato virus diseases in North‐East India, a survey of seven major potato growing regions was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The presence of potato viruses was confirmed by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS‐ELISA) with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) performed on selected samples. The sequencing followed by annotation of PCR amplicons obtained from RT‐PCR showed 95–100% nucleotide sequence identities with respective virus accessions on NCBI GenBank. The multiple sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies provided an overview of the genetic diversity pattern among different potato virus isolates. This study reveals a broad picture of the potato virus infections occurring in Northeastern states of India, which may be useful to develop effective control strategies against the potato viruses.
Nationwide mortality trends of delirium in Australia and the United States from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Wu Harry , Mach John , Le Couteur David G. , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine nationwide trends in delirium mortality in Australia and the United States between 2006 and 2016.MethodsDelirium mortality data for Australian and United States populations were obtained from World Health Organization Mortality Database. Mortality trends were assessed using joinpoint regression.ResultsAge‐adjusted delirium mortality increased by 16.35%/year and 4.04%/year in Australia and the United States, respectively. Average annual age‐adjusted delirium mortality rate (per 1 000 000 population) was 2.90 in Australia, and 1.06 in the United States. Death rates from delirium increased with age. Mortality was consistently higher in men than women, but the rate of annual increase was greater in women.ConclusionsOur study provided important population‐level data on delirium and its outcomes in Australia and the United States. Reported death rates attributed to delirium increased over the 11‐year period in both countries and were consistently higher in Australia than the United States. There were distinct age and sex differences in mortality trends.
A time‐sensitive analysis of the prognostic utility of vasopressor dose in septic shock
Authors: Chotalia M. , Matthews T. , Arunkumar S. , Bangash M. N. , Parekh D. , Patel J. M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIt is unclear whether the association between vasopressor dose and mortality is affected by duration of administration. We examined whether prognostication in septic shock is feasible through the use of daily median vasopressor doses. We undertook a single‐centre retrospective cohort study. We included patients with a diagnosis of septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK, between April 2016 and July 2019. The primary outcome measure was 90‐day mortality. We defined vasopressor dose as the median norepinephrine equivalent dose (equivalent infusion rates of all vasopressors and inotropes) recorded for each day, for the first four days of septic shock. We divided patients into groups by vasopressor dose quintiles and calculated their 90‐day mortality rate. We examined area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for prognostic ability. In total, 844 patients were admitted with septic shock and had a 90‐day mortality of 43% (n = 358). Over the first four days, median vasopressor dose decreased in 93% of survivors and increased in 56% of non‐survivors. The mortality rate associated with a given vasopressor dose quintile increased on sequential days of septic shock. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves of daily median vasopressor dose against mortality increased from day 1 to day 4 (0.67 vs. 0.86, p < 0.0001). By day 4, a median daily vasopressor dose > 0.05 μg.kg‐1.min‐1 had an 80% sensitivity and specificity for mortality. The prognostic utility of vasopressor dose improved considerably with shock duration. Prolonged administration of small vasopressor doses was associated with a high attributable mortality.
Explaining the effect of work–nonwork boundary management fit on satisfaction and performance at home through reduced time‐ and strain‐based work–family conflict
Authors: De Gieter Sara , De Cooman Rein , Bogaerts Yanne , Verelst Lorenz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis two‐study paper examines how employees' work–nonwork boundary management fit influences their performance in and satisfaction with their family life, through the experience of time‐ and strain‐based work–family conflict. We performed two studies with working parents (N = 160 and N = 158, respectively) using a different time lag and applied structural equation modeling techniques to analyze the data. In Study 1 (time lag: 12 months), our results show that work–nonwork boundary management fit relates to family satisfaction and performance through reduced strain‐based work–family conflict. In Study 2 (time lag: 1 month), we find a mediating effect of time‐based work–family conflict in the relation between work–nonwork boundary management fit and family satisfaction and a direct effect of work–nonwork boundary management fit on family performance. work–nonwork boundary management fit seems to have a short‐term effect on family outcomes (family satisfaction in particular) through time‐based work–family conflict, whereas the mediating effect of strain‐based conflict evolves more slowly over time. Our findings show that work–nonwork boundary management fit is to be taken into account when trying to establish a harmonious work–family interface as part of creating a sustainable workforce.
Attenuation around the gallbladder on plain abdominal computed tomography as a predictor of surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Iida Hiroya , Maehira Hiromitsu , Mori Haruki , Kodama Hirokazu , Tokuda Aya , Takebayashi Katsushi , Kojima Masatsugu , Kaida Sachiko , Miyake Toru , Tani Masaji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined whether abdominal plain computed tomography (CT) can predict surgical difficulty in acute cholecystitis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 84 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between January 2015 and December 2018. We distinguished three degrees of surgical difficulty based on the operative time and blood loss: difficult, both ≥120 minutes and ≥ 100 mL, respectively (n = 27); moderate, either ≥120 minutes or ≥ 100 mL, respectively (n = 30); and easy, both <120 minutes and < 100 mL, respectively (n = 27). We calculated the attenuation around the gallbladder on CT before surgery and compared the values among the three groups.ResultsMean age, albumin levels, C‐reactive protein levels, and the CT attenuation around the gallbladder (P < .001) were significantly different between groups. The surgical difficulty was unrelated to the timing of surgery. The postoperative complications were more frequent in operations more than 72 hours after disease onset (P = .04) and with CT attenuation around the gallbladder of ≥1.4 (P = .036).ConclusionHigh attenuation around the gallbladder on plain CT predicted a high surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We recommend measuring the CT attenuation around the gallbladder in patients with acute cholecystitis.
Retzius‐sparing versus standard robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Rosenberg Joel E. , Jung Jae Hung , Edgerton Zach , Lee Hunju , Lee Solam , Bakker Caitlin J. , Dahm Philipp 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of Retzius‐sparing (RS) robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) compared to standard RALP for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of multiple databases and the grey literature with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status, up until June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RS‐RALP with standard RALP. We performed a meta‐analysis using a random‐effect model. The quality of evidence was assessed on an outcome basis according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsOur search identified six records of five unique RCTs, of which two were published studies, one was in press, and two were abstract proceedings. There were 571 randomized participants, of whom 502 completed the trials. The mean age of participants was 64.6 years and the mean prostate‐specific antigen level was 6.9 ng/mL. Approximately 54.2% of participants had cT1c disease, 38.6% had cT2a‐b disease, and 7.1% had cT2c disease. RS‐RALP probably improves continence within 1 week after catheter removal (risk ratio [RR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.14; I2 = 0%; studies = 4; participants = 410; moderate‐certainty evidence). Assuming 335 per 1000 men undergoing standard RALP are continent at this time point, this corresponds to 248 more men per 1000 (137 more to 382 more) reporting continence recovery. RS‐RALP may increase continence at 3 months after surgery compared to standard RALP (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.68; I2 = 86%; studies = 5; participants = 526; low‐certainty evidence). Assuming 750 per 1000 men undergoing standard RALP are continent at this time point, this corresponds to 224 more men per 1000 (41 more to 462 more) reporting continence recovery. We are very uncertain about the effects of RS‐RALP on serious adverse events compared to standard RALP (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.47–4.17; studies = 2; participants = 230; very low‐certainty evidence).ConclusionsThe findings of this review indicate that RS‐RALP may result in better continence outcomes than standard RALP up to 6 months after surgery. Continence outcomes at 12 months may be similar. The disadvantages of RS‐RALP may be higher positive surgical margin rates. We are very uncertain about the effect on biochemical recurrence‐free survival and potency outcomes. Longer‐term oncological and functional outcomes are lacking, and no preplanned subgroup analyses could be performed to explore the observed heterogeneity. Surgeons should discuss these trade‐offs and the limitations of the evidence with their patients when considering this approach.
Epithelial deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) protects the mouse intestine against experimental inflammation
Authors: Arredondo‐Amador María , Aranda Carlos J. , Ocón Borja , González Raquel , Martínez‐Augustin Olga , Sánchez de Medina Fermín 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeGlucocorticoids are the first line treatment for the flare‐ups of inflammatory bowel disease, but they have significant limitations. The objective of this study is to investigate whether glucocorticoid epithelial actions contribute to such limitations.Experimental ApproachIntestinal epithelium glucocorticoid receptor knockout mice (Nr3c1ΔIEC) received dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Inflammatory status was assessed by morphological and biochemical methods, and corticoid production was measured in colonic explants. Some mice were administered budesonide.Key ResultsAfter 7 days of DSS Nr3c1ΔIEC, mice exhibited 23.1% lower disease activity index (DAI) and 37% lower diarrheal score than WT mice, with decreased weight loss in days 5–7 of colitis, attenuated tissue damage, reduced colonic expression of S100A9 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and a better overall state. Ki67 immunoreactivity was increased at the crypt base, indicating enhanced epithelial proliferation. Mice administered budesonide (6 μg·day−1 PO) showed modest antiinflammatory effects but increased weight loss, which was prevented in knockout mice. Epithelial deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor also protected mice in a protracted colitis protocol. Conversely, knockout mice presented a worse status compared to the control group at 1 day post DSS. In a separate experiment, colonic corticosterone production was shown to be significantly increased in knockout mice at 7 days of colitis but not at earlier stages.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe intestinal epithelial glucocorticoid receptor has deleterious effects in experimental colitis induced by DSS, probably related to inhibition of epithelial proliferative responses leading to impaired wound healing and reduced endogenous corticosterone production.
Optimal sequential contract with a risk‐averse supplier
Authors: Dai Chifeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study optimal contracts in environments where a risk‐averse supplier discovers cost information privately and gradually over time: the supplier is privately informed about its cost uncertainty at the time of contracting and discovers the realization of cost condition privately after contracting and before production. We show that both the buyer and the supplier prefer more cost uncertainty when the supplier is not very risk‐averse but less cost uncertainty when the supplier is sufficiently risk‐averse. However, the buyer always prefers to contract before the cost uncertainty resolves regardless of the supplier's degree of risk aversion. The nature of the optimal contract also depends on the supplier's risk preference. A separating contract is optimal when the supplier is not very risk‐averse; however, a pooling contract, which offers the same contract terms regardless of the cost uncertainty, can be optimal when the supplier becomes sufficiently risk‐averse. Moreover, the optimal production schedule is often characterized by “inflexible rules.”
Abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy for East Asian patients with HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer: MONARCH 2 & 3 trials
Authors: Toi Masakazu , Inoue Kenichi , Masuda Norikazu , Iwata Hiroji , Sohn Joohyuk , Hae Park In , Im Seock‐Ah , Chen Shin‐Cheh , Enatsu Sotaro , Turner P. Kellie , André Valérie A. M. , Hardebeck Molly C. , Sakaguchi Sachi , Goetz Matthew P. , Sledge George W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis post hoc analysis of MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3 assesses the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) in East Asian patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer. MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3 are global, randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 studies of abemaciclib/placebo + fulvestrant and abemaciclib/placebo + nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI, anastrozole or letrozole), respectively. The East Asian population comprised 212 (31.7%) of the 669 intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population in the MONARCH 2 trial and 144 (29.2%) of the 493 ITT patients in the MONARCH 3 trial. In the East Asian population, median progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly prolonged in the abemaciclib arm compared with placebo in both MONARCH 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.520; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.362 to 0.747; P < .001; median: 21.2 vs 11.6 months) and MONARCH 3 (HR, 0.326; 95% CI, 0.200 to 0.531, P < .001; median: not reached vs 12.82 months). Diarrhea (MONARCH 2: 90%; MONARCH 3: 88%) and neutropenia (MONARCH 2: 68%; MONARCH 3: 58%) were the most frequent adverse events observed in the East Asian populations. Abemaciclib exposures and PK were similar in East Asians and the non‐East Asian populations of both trials. Abemaciclib in combination with ET in the East Asian populations of MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3 provided consistent results with the ITT populations, demonstrating improvements in efficacy with generally tolerable safety profiles for patients with HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer.
Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on clinical outcomes in DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Dadgostar Anali , Nassiri Sepehr , Quon Bradley S. , Manji Jamil , Alsalihi Salahuddin , Javer Amin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is prevalent in the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) population. CRS exacerbations in CF are thought to contribute to pulmonary exacerbations. Literature regarding the impact of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is inconclusive. This study examines rates of lung function decline and pulmonary exacerbation in CF patients who have undergone ESS.DesignRetrospective review of medical records.SettingAcademic Hospital.Participants40 adult CF patients.Main outcome measuresRate of lung function decline (% predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [ppFEV1]), number of pulmonary exacerbations (IV/oral antibiotic therapy ± hospital admission) and total number days hospitalised 2‐year postoperatively was collected. CRS patients undergoing ESS were matched to those without ESS by gender, age, and F508del genotype.ResultsForty patients (mean age 37.4, 60% male) were reviewed. No significant difference was found between the surgical group and controls in baseline ppFEV1(72.5% vs. 72.7%, P = .98), 2‐year preoperative number of pulmonary exacerbations (3.05 vs. 1.65, P = .10), or Lund‐Mackay scores (12.25 vs. 11.55, P = .71). No significant difference was found in 1‐year (70.5% vs. 72.8%, P = .84) or 2‐year (70.4% vs. 72.6% P = .80) postoperative ppFEV1 and 2‐year postoperative pulmonary exacerbations (1.7 vs. 1.45, P = .87). A significant increase was identified in total number days hospitalised postoperatively (4.85, P = .02). In the surgical group, no significant difference was identified between preoperative and postoperative ppFEV1, 1 year (−2.51%, P = .32) and 2 years after ESS (−3.10%, P = .51), postoperative rate of pulmonary exacerbations (−1.28, P = .11), or in total number days hospitalised (3.74, P = .14).ConclusionsIn this study, ESS does not appear to significantly improve ppFEV1 or decrease the number of pulmonary exacerbations postoperatively.
The impact of the first peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic on colorectal cancer services in England and Wales: A national survey
Authors: Boyle Jemma M. , Kuryba Angela , Blake Helen A. , Aggarwal Ajay , van der Meulen Jan , Walker Kate , Braun Michael , Fearnhead Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe object of this work was to study how National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales aimed to maintain effective and safe colorectal cancer (CRC) services during the first peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020).MethodA national survey was performed among all 148 hospitals providing CRC services. Information was collected about changes in referrals, diagnostic, staging and therapeutic procedures, as well as whether there was access to a ‘cold site’ (a hospital facility free of COVID‐19). Clinicians in each hospital were also asked to give the ‘single most important lesson learned’ about keeping services safe and effective.ResultsFull responses were received from 123 (83%) hospitals, and information about ‘cold sites’ was available for 146 (99%). Eighty hospitals (54%) had access to a ‘cold site’ and this was increased in regions with higher COVID‐19 infection rates (p <0.001). Of the 123 responding hospitals, 105 (85%) indicated that referrals of patients with suspected CRC had dropped by at least 30%, and 69 (56%) indicated that treatment plans were altered in at least 50% of CRC patients. However, ‘cold site’ availability protected the capacity for diagnostic colonoscopy (p = 0.013) and CRC resection (p = 0.010). Many ‘lessons learned’ highlighted the importance of adequate structural service organization, often mentioning ‘cold sites’ and regional coordination as examples, good communication and triage of patients based on clinical urgency.ConclusionAccess to ‘cold sites’, as well as regional coordination, clear communication and strong leadership, were found to be pivotal in maintaining capacity for diagnosis and treatment of CRC during the COVID‐19 surge.
Improved postprandial glucose control with ultra rapid lispro versus lispro with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type 1 diabetes: PRONTO‐Pump‐2
Authors: Warren Mark , Bode Bruce , Cho Jang I. , Liu Rong , Tobian Janet , Hardy Thomas , Chigutsa Farai , Phillip Moshe , Horowitz Barry , Ignaut Debra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultra rapid lispro (URLi) versus lispro (Humalog®) in people with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).Materials and MethodsThis was a phase 3, 16‐week, treat‐to‐target study in patients randomized to double‐blind URLi (N = 215) or lispro (N = 217). The primary endpoint was change from baseline HbA1c (non‐inferiority margin 4.4 mmol/mol [0.4%]), with multiplicity‐adjusted objectives for postprandial glucose (PPG) levels during a meal test, and time spent in the target range 70–180 mg/dL (TIR).ResultsURLi was non‐inferior to lispro for change in HbA1c, with a least‐squares mean (LSM) difference of 0.3 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.6, 1.2) or 0.02% (95% CI –0.06, 0.11). URLi was superior to lispro in controlling 1‐ and 2‐h PPG levels after the meal test: LSM difference −1.34 mmol/L (95% CI –2.00, −0.68) or −24.1 mg/dL (95% CI –36.0, −12.2) at 1 h and −1.54 mmol/L (95% CI –2.37, −0.72) or −27.8 mg/dL (95% CI –42.6, −13.0) at 2 h; both p < .001. TIR and time in hyperglycaemia were similar between groups but URLi resulted in significantly less time in hypoglycaemia (<3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) over the daytime, night‐time and 24‐h period: LSM difference −0.41%, −0.97% and −0.52%, respectively, all p < .05. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was higher with URLi (60.5% vs. 44.7%), driven by infusion‐site reaction and infusion‐site pain, which was mostly mild or moderate. Rates of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis were similar between groups.ConclusionsURLi was efficacious, providing superior PPG control and less time in hypoglycaemia but with more frequent infusion‐site reactions compared with lispro when administered by CSII.