bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomal miR‐206 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in osteoarthritis by reducing Elf3
Authors: Huang Yijiang , Zhang Xiumeng , Zhan Jingdi , Yan Zijiang , Chen Daosen , Xue Xinghe , Pan Xiaoyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as gene silencers involved in essential cell functions. The role of miR‐206 and E74‐like factor 3 (Elf3) has been identified in osteoarthritis (OA), while the effect of exosomal miR‐206 from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in OA remains largely unknown. Thus, we aim to explore the role of exosomal miR‐206 from BMSCs in OA with the involvement of Elf3. BMSCs and BMSC‐derived exosomes (BMSC‐exos) were obtained and identified. OA mouse models were constructed by anterior cruciate ligament transection and then treated with BMSC‐exos or BMSC‐exos containing miR‐206 mimic/inhibitor. The expression of miR‐206, Elf3, inflammatory factors, osteocalcin (OCN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in mouse femoral tissues was assessed. The pathological changes in mouse femur tissues were observed. The mouse osteoblasts were identified and treated with untransfected or transfected BMSC‐exos, and then, the expression of miR‐206, Elf3, OCN and BMP2 was determined. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition level, OCN secretion, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteoblasts were measured. MiR‐206 was down‐regulated while Elf3 was up‐regulated in OA animal and cellular models. Exosomal miR‐206 ameliorated inflammation and increased expression of OCN and BMP2 in mouse femoral tissues. Moreover, exosomal miR‐206 promoted ALP activity, calcium deposition level, OCN secretion and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in OA osteoblasts. Overexpressed Elf3 reversed miR‐206 up‐regulation‐induced effects on OA osteoblasts. BMSC‐derived exosomal miR‐206 promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in OA by reducing Elf3. Our research may provide novel targets for OA treatment.
Contesting Brexit Masculinities: Pro‐European Activists and Feminist EU Citizenship*
Authors: Galpin Charlotte 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough Brexit campaigns mobilized discourses of hegemonic masculinity that marginalize women, women seemed to be at the forefront of pro‐EU campaigns post‐referendum. I explore to what extent pro‐EU activists make claims to EU citizenship that contest the masculinities of Brexit. Combining Isin's approach to citizenship as ‘performed subject positions’ with intersectional feminist theory, I argue that masculinity became a site of EU citizenship contestation, which nevertheless reproduced racialized and class‐based exclusions. Drawing on interviews with grassroots pro‐EU activists, I argue that activists reject militaristic discourses of British identity by asserting multiple embodied identities, demand rights relating to the intimate sphere, and participate in informal, local and non‐hierarchical ways. Yet, they reveal a white cultural European identity, a European exceptionalism in demands for rights, and a failure to break with the whiteness of traditional social movements. These findings demonstrate the need for feminist and intersectional analysis within EU public opinion research.
Cryptic species and grey zone speciation of the Barbodes binotatus complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Sundaland
Authors: Ng Casey Keat‐Chuan , Tan Ji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMorphology‐based taxonomy of freshwater fish is effective when there are representative specimens covering large regions. However, in Sundaland, where the presence of cryptic species is high, the technique has its limitations. This is compounded by uncritical descriptions of holotypes in old literature. We demonstrate the problem using Barbodes binotatus first described from an ink drawing. Several species in the Barbodes genus of Sundaland exhibit morphological similarity to B. binotatus. We applied new DNA sequences of 16S, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb) and recombination‐activating gene 1 (RAG1), and pigmentation markers to clarify species complex boundaries in the Malay Peninsula, namely B. aff. binotatus “Malay Peninsula”, Barbodes cf. banksi and Barbodes rhombeus. Results suggest B. binotatus‐like specimens in the Malay Peninsula are B. rhombeus based on a threshold of 3% COI genetic divergence. B. aff. binotatus recorded in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines are likely valid but undescribed species. However, if the 2% COI threshold is applied, some populations in the northern Malay Peninsula would qualify as new and undescribed species. The implications of the 2% threshold and the likelihood of “grey zone” incipient populations are discussed. We further found a rapid visual method, not reported previously, to delineate B. aff. binotatus and B. cf. banksi, but it requires further validation. Additionally, we offer fresh perspectives by discussing the roles of biological species concept, morphological species concept, genetic species concept and mate recognition concept in the B. binotatus complex. Our findings reinforce the standpoint that species delineation is not entirely a binary process, but there is a spectrum to consider, especially in biogeography intersection regions.
The skin of adult rainbow trout is not a significant site of ammonia clearance from the blood
Authors: Marina Giacomin , Glover Chris N. , Goss Greg G. , Zimmer Alex M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized that the skin acts as an extrabranchial route for ammonia excretion in adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure. Trunks of control or HEA‐exposed trout were perfused with saline containing 0 or 1 mmol l−1 NH4+. Cutaneous ammonia excretion rates increased 2.5‐fold following HEA exposure, however there was no difference in rates between trunks perfused with 0 or 1 mmol l−1 NH4+. The skin is therefore capable of excreting its own ammonia load, but it does not clear circulating ammonia from the plasma.
Extracting barberry juice: Mathematical models describing loading stage, stress‐relaxation behavior, and momentary juice mass
Authors: Mirzabe Amir Hossein , Hajiahmad Ali , Asadollahzadeh Amir Hossein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, barberries were poured into a topless cylinder with a diameter of 55 mm and were subjected to axial compression force up to 440 kg (4,314.926 N). Effects of duration of water exposure, loading rate, and number of layers were investigated on momentary juice mass, Stress–strain behavior, and stress‐relaxation behavior. Considering momentary porosity, the momentary juice mass, stress–strain, and stress‐relaxation behaviors of the berries were modeled by inverse tangent function, exponential function, and One‐term Maxwell model, respectively. The extraction yield of juice (EYJ), specific absorbed energy by berries (SAEB), and efficiency index of energy (EIE) were calculated, and their analysis of variance and optimization were performed. The results showed that the R2 of the exponential model for the Stress–Strain diagram, Maxwell model for relaxation behavior, and inverse tangent model for momentary juice mass variation were more than 0.975, 0.985, and 0.995, respectively. The effects of the three operating parameters on the stiffness factor of springs and damping factor of dashpot were significant at 5%. Furthermore, the effects of the three input variables on the juice point force, juice point energy, EYJ, SAEB, and EIE were significant at 1%.Practical ApplicationsThe first step in producing barberry products in accordance with international food standards is barberry juice extraction. In the current study, the axial pressure method, one of the conventional barberry juicing methods, was investigated. This method has more ability to control the quality of juice than other methods. Traditionally, fruits are soaked in water for several hours before barberry juicing. Also, in the loading stage, rigid plates are placed between the fruit layers. Duration of water exposure, loading rate, and the number of layers are the three major influential factors in the juicing process. The information obtained from this article can help optimize the barberry juicing process using existing axial pressure devices. Besides, the results can be used in the optimal design of the barberry‐juicing device.
Solubility and effective diffusion coefficient of CO2 in fresh cheese (type Minas Frescal)
Authors: Cabral Gabriel J. , Teleken Jhony T. , Carciofi Bruno A. M. , Monteiro Alcilene R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important gas used in modified atmosphere packaging of nonrespiring foods. In this technique, the gas solubilizes into the aqueous and lipid phases of food and exerts an antimicrobial effect. In the present study, the solubility and effective diffusion coefficient of CO2 in fresh cheese (type Minas Frescal) were determined at 4, 7, and 10°C by a manometric method. The value was obtained using the mathematical modeling (transient mass transfer and Fick's law) and a numerical procedure (exhaustive search method) to minimize the error between experimental and predicted values. The highest solubility value was obtained at 4°C, resulting from combined effects of temperature and complex phase transitions in fat content, shown by differential scanning calorimetry curves. Higher values corresponded to lower . Solubility and effective diffusion coefficient are important parameters for designing and developing new food products and food processes.Practical ApplicationsThis study presented a procedure to quantify the mass transfer of CO2 gas in fresh cheese. The knowledge of the CO2 transfer properties in food can help the industry concerning about the choice of the amount and composition of the gas used in modified atmosphere packaging. In which, a gaseous mixture (CO2/N2) is introduced into packaging resulting in the extension of the cheese shelf life. Additionally, the procedure used in cheese can be easily extended to estimate the transfer properties of CO2 in other nonrespiring food.
Patients' experiences of well‐being when being cared for in the intensive care unit—An integrative review
Authors: Halvorsen Kristin , Jensen Janet F. , Collet Marie O. , Olausson Sepideh , Lindahl Berit , Sætre Hansen Britt , Lind Ranveig , Eriksson Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this integrative review was to identify facilitators and barriers to patients’ well‐being when being cared for in an ICU setting, from the perspective of the patients.BackgroundTo become critically ill and hospitalised in an ICU is a stressful, chaotic event due to the life‐threatening condition itself, as well as therapeutic treatments and the environment. A growing body of evidence has revealed that patients often suffer from physical, psychological and cognitive problems after an ICU stay. Several strategies, such as sedation and pain management, are used to reduce stress and increase well‐being during ICU hospitalisation, but the ICU experience nevertheless affects the body and mind.Design; MethodsSince research exploring patients’ sense of well‐being in an ICU setting is limited, an integrative review approach was selected. Searches were performed in CINAHL, Medline, Psych Info, Eric and EMBASE. After reviewing 66 studies, 12 studies were included in the integrative review. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the studies. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was used.ResultsThe results are presented under one main theme, ‘Well‐being as a multidimensional experience—interwoven in barriers and facilitators’ and six sub‐themes representing barriers to and facilitators of well‐being in an ICU. Barriers identified were physical stressors, emotional stressors, environmental disturbances and insecurity relating to time and space. Facilitators were meeting physical needs and activities that included dimensions of a caring and relational environment.ConclusionOur main findings were that experiences of well‐being were multidimensional and included physical, emotional, relational and environmental aspects, and they were more often described through barriers than facilitators of well‐being.Relevance for clinical practiceThis integrative review has shown that it is necessary to adopt an individual focus on patient well‐being in an ICU setting since physical, emotional, relational and environmental stressors might impact each patient differently.
Permanent neurological deficit caused by misdiagnosis of a giant intrapelvic sciatic schwannoma: A case report
Authors: Yi Sijie , Jin Xia , Xiong Yuanhuan , Fu Bing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSciatic schwannomas (SSs) are extremely rare, and most are benign. Herein, we report a case of giant SSs in a woman who presented with abdominal pain. Because of the pain pattern and auxiliary examination findings, the patient was initially diagnosed with an ovarian cystadenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrapelvic tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed that the mass was a benign intrapelvic schwannoma. Two days after complete tumor resection, the patients experience impaired mobility of the right lower limb. The tumor was 7 × 5.5 × 5 cm3 in size and in contact with the sacrum. The patient was followed up for up to 2 years. No evidence of recurrence was observed in the MRI scan. Severe damages to the sciatic nerve during surgery resulted in permanent neurological deficits. Hence, we also discuss the diagnostic tools and treatments for intrapelvic SSs, as well as the importance of careful radiological examination and multidisciplinary collaboration.
Long‐term stability of soil bacterial and fungal community structures revealed in their abundant and rare fractions
Authors: Gschwend Florian , Hartmann Martin , Hug Anna‐Sofia , Enkerli Jürg , Gubler Andreas , Frey Beat , Meuli Reto G. , Widmer Franco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of soil microorganisms for ecosystem services, long‐term surveys of their communities are largely missing. Using metabarcoding, we assessed temporal dynamics of soil bacterial and fungal communities in three land‐use types, i.e., arable land, permanent grassland, and forest, over five years. Soil microbial communities remained relatively stable and differences over time were smaller than those among sites. Temporal variability was highest in arable soils. Indications for consistent shifts in community structure over five years were only detected at one site for bacteria and at two sites for fungi, which provided further support for long‐term stability of soil microbial communities. A sliding window analysis was applied to assess the effect of OTU abundance on community structures. Partial communities with decreasing OTU abundances revealed a gradually decreasing structural similarity with entire communities. This contrasted with the steep decline of OTU abundances, as subsets of rare OTUs (<0.01%) revealed correlations of up to 0.97 and 0.81 with the entire bacterial and fungal communities. Finally, 23.4% of bacterial and 19.8% of fungal OTUs were identified as scarce, i.e., neither belonging to site‐cores nor correlating to environmental factors, while 67.3% of bacterial and 64.9% of fungal OTUs were identified as rare but not scarce. Our results demonstrate high stability of soil microbial communities in their abundant and rare fractions over five years. This provides a step towards defining site‐specific normal operating ranges of soil microbial communities, which is a prerequisite for detecting community shifts that may occur due to changing environmental conditions or anthropogenic activities.
Ontological disagreements, reliability, and standoffs: The pluralist option
Authors: Belleri Delia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reliability challenge to ontology can be summarized as the complaint that no satisfying explanation is available of how one can have true ontological beliefs, given that the relevant belief‐forming methods arenoncausal(for example, not perception based or memory based). This paper first presents a version of the reliability challenge against realist approaches to ontology, put forward by Jared Warren. It then explores a response to the challenge on behalf of the realist that appeals to the use of abduction. This response does not satisfactorily deal with the reliability challenge, though, and even leads to a further epistemic impasse. At this point, a version of ontological pluralism is presented, according to which all the competing theories in a certain ontological dispute can be true—in a sense of “true” to be articulated. The final step shows how this version of pluralism deals with the reliability challenge, especially with the complaint that we lack an explanation for our true ontological beliefs.
The Spiral of Time: the Crystal‐Image in Herrmann's Music for Hitchcock's Vertigo
Authors: Moreira Daniel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTTime is a central – if not the central – dimension of Hitchcock's Vertigo, as noted by Richard Goodkin (1991), who compares the film to Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu; by Marker (1995), who has interpreted the idea of vertigo in the film as a metaphor for ‘the vertigo of time’; and by a number of authors who have applied Gilles Deleuze's ([1985] 1989) concept of the crystal‐image to key sequences in the film where past and future coalesce together and become indiscernible (Pisters 2003 and Stone and Cooke 2016).In this article, I discuss some of the ways in which Bernard Herrmann's music for Vertigo is crucial in delineating the complex temporality of the film, more specifically by first opposing and then merging two different layers of temporality – one of them future‐oriented, the other one past‐oriented. I argue that this process can be illuminated using the concept of the crystal‐image, which according to Deleuze expresses not only the nature of time in general but also the more specific nature of musical time as the fundamental interweaving of a future‐oriented component (the gallop) and a past‐oriented component (the ritornello). I further show that these two temporal directions in Vertigo’s music can be associated to ideas of linear and cyclical time (Kramer 1988 and Berger 2007), this way suggesting a new interpretation for the recurring metaphor of the spiral in the film, namely as a spiral of time that combines the future‐oriented arrow (linear time) and a past‐oriented circle (cyclical time).
Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic markers in children – a narrative review of the evidence
Authors: Olsen Nanna Julie , Lilienthal Heitmann Berit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA healthy hydration habit is an important aspect of a healthy diet, but recommendations on beverage choices are still less detailed than food‐based recommendations. It is our working hypothesis that frequent consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) may cause insulin resistance by inducing rapid increases in insulin concentration. Insulin resistance is central to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and may also be linked to development of obesity. This narrative review aims to review the literature on SSB consumption in relation to adverse markers of glucose metabolism in children. Literature searches were conducted in Medline and Embase via Ovid® on June 21st and June 22nd, 2020. From 8892 titles, abstracts were screened from 76 publications. This screening resulted in the inclusion of 13 publications, while reference screening of the 13 publications resulted in inclusion of an additional six publications. A total of 11 cross‐sectional studies, two prospective studies, five experimental studies and one randomised controlled trial were reviewed. The majority of the reviewed studies reported significant, positive associations between SSB consumption and a broad range of adverse markers of glucose metabolism. Results suggested that the adverse effects of SSB consumption on metabolic health may not be limited to individuals with overweight. The results suggest that more frequent consumption of SSBs may be associated with adverse markers of glucose metabolic health among children. However, the evidence is limited by a paucity of prospective studies and randomised controlled trials, as well as by profound heterogeneity in definitions of exposures and outcomes.
Do woody vines use gelatinous fibers to climb?
Authors: Chery Joyce G. , Glos Rosemary A. E. , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMany plant movements are facilitated by contractile cells called gelatinous fibers (G‐fibers), but how G‐fibers function in the climbing movements of woody vines remains underexplored. In this Insight, we compare the presence and distribution of G‐fibers in the stems of stem‐twiners, which wrap around supports, with non‐stem‐twiners, which attach to supports via tendrils or adventitious roots. An examination of 164 species spanning the vascular plant phylogeny reveals that G‐fibers are common in stem‐twiners but scarce in non‐stem‐twiners, suggesting that G‐fibers are preferentially formed in the organ responsible for movement. When present, G‐fibers are in the xylem, phloem, pericycle, and/or cortex. We discuss the hypothesis that G‐fibers are foundational to plant movement and highlight research opportunities concerning G‐fiber development and function.
Discovery of a novel eIF4E1.S allele conferring PVY resistance in Chinese tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) landraces
Authors: Lin Shifeng , Dewey Ralph E. , Wang Rengang , Ren Xueliang , Wang Zili , Zhang Jishun , Long Mingjin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tobacco eIF4E1.S gene is a well‐recognized susceptibility factor for potato virus Y (PVY) and a dominant target locus for current PVY resistance breeding in tobacco. In this study, over 900 tobacco landraces from China were screened for resistance to PVY and the DNA sequence of eIF4E1.S was analysed for all resistant accessions. Eight PVY‐resistant lines were identified from this screen, and a naturally occurring mutant allele of eIF4E1.S carrying a single nucleotide insertion was discovered in seven, including a landrace called Kaiyangxiaoheiyan (Kaixiao), and designated eIF4E1.Kai. Knowledge of the mutant gene sequence enabled the development of a codominant PCR‐based marker that can distinguish eIF4E1.S/eIF4E1.Kai heterozygotes from both homozygous classes. Using this marker, we genotyped F2 plants segregating for the eIF4E1.Kai mutant and confirmed the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The results described here provide valuable genetic insights into Chinese tobacco landraces as a source of naturally occurring PVY resistance, as well as a powerful tool for the molecular marker‐assisted breeding of tobacco varieties containing the resistance source eIF4E1.Kai.