bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the State of Engine of Mobile Machines in the Conditions of Operation on Basis of Onboard Diagnostics
Authors: Panchenko S V , Remarchuk M P , Kebko O V , Chmuzh Ya. V , Zadorozhnyi A O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
According to the results of the analysis of literature sources, when the issue of determining the state of internal combustion engines is considered, a single basis at all stages of life has not yet been decided, because it is a complex problem. A feature that can solve this problem is the efficiency coefficient. To justify the efficiency of the engine as a parameter, at the design stage, a systematic approach was applied along with the definition of rank subordination and significance of all components with their representation in the form of functional and structural schemes. According to the schemes, there is the main system-forming component in the structure of engines, which in the operable state provides the conversion of thermal energy of the fuel into mechanical energy of the rotary movement of the engine shaft. All other components of the engine are intended to maintain the functioning of the main component of the internal combustion engine and to create comfortable operating conditions for the operator in the machine system where this engine operates. At the stage of completion of production of the internal combustion engine, bench tests are used to determine its condition on the basis of efficiency and all technical parameters of the engine. The efficiency of the internal combustion engine at the operational stage is ensured by the load of the hydraulic drive in the structure of the machines and the use of computer equipment that can remotely record diagnostic parameters.
Method for determining non-uniform loading of gondola cars with bulk cargo
Authors: Romanovych Yevhenii , Kravets rii , Afanasov Georgii , Povorozhenko Yevhenii , Afanasova Olga 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Methods of loading gondola cars with bulk cargo are considered and possible types of non-uniform cargo distribution in the car bodies are established.
The most common methods of levelling bulk cargo in gondola cars in the Ukrainian railway network are determined. Designs of equipment for mechanization of levelling bulk cargo in gondola cars are presented, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. Based on the given analysis, it is established that the most efficient way to ensure compliance with the current regulations on the placement of cargo in cars is the timely detection of non-compliance with these requirements at the stage of loading.
The analysis of existing methods for determining the non-uniformity of cargo distribution in the car bodies was conducted. Based on this analysis, a new method for determining the nonuniform distribution of bulk cargo in the car bodies is proposed, which can be used to preestimate the compliance of the actual placement of bulk cargo in the car body with the requirements of current regulatory documents immediately after loading and take prompt measures to eliminate the identified inconsistencies.
Simulation modeling of the automobile braking system performance
Authors: Viselga G , Ugnenko E B , Uzhviieva E N , Tymchenko O N , Sorochuk N I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Simulation model of the automobile braking system performance taking into account not only the wheel, brake pads, brake drum dynamics but the dynamics of the hydraulic brake system: the main hydraulic cylinder, the brake gear hydraulic cylinders has been presented. Effect of changing parameters of the braking system elements on the braking distance of the automobile has been considered. Road users’ safety relies heavily on effectiveness of vehicle braking system. Thus, braking system design is essential when designing a new vehicle. Modeling of the functionality of the designed system is one of the most important phases of design. Time and material expenses for imitational modeling are always less than actually producing models and conducting experiments on them. Experiments should prove theoretical abstracts stated while modeling. Thus, the imitational model should be well designed and adequate. Imitational model allows efficient operation of brake system with different system of control.
Simulation of change in rheological properties of structure of combined materials in tribosystem
Authors: Voitov A , Fenenko K , Fenenko O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents experimental and theoretical dependences of changes in the rheological properties of the structure of materials of the surface layers of triboelements in the tribosystem during running-in, the methodical approach to definition of such properties with use of transverse ultrasonic waves is substantiated. It has been experimentally established, that the logarithmic decrement of the attenuation of ultrasonic vibrations in the structure of the material of the surface layer during the period of running-in increases by 32 to 45 % from the initial structure. A parameter for estimating the rheological properties of the structure of conjugate materials in the tribosystem as a function of time is proposed. This is a physical quantity that characterizes the ability of the materials included in the design of the tribosystem, irreversibly convert mechanical energy into thermal energy in the process of deformation of surface layers. Determined by ultrasonic vibrations passing through the material and reduced to a distance of one meter, the dimension 1/m.
Fractals Theory Application for Evaluation of Influence of Non Metallic inclusions on Mechanical Properties of S355J2 Steel
Authors: Volchuk V M , Uzlov O V , Puchikov O V , Ivantsov S V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Influence of non-metallic inclusions in constructional S355J2 steel on mechanical properties has been evaluated by using fractal theory. Since point evaluation of non-metallic inclusions is fault tolerant to mechanical properties change. Point evaluation of experimental steel grades has been evaluated by 1-2 points. Correlation between mechanical properties of the steel (KV20, σ0.2, σB, δ) and fractal dimensions of non-metallic inclusions has been found. Mechanical properties of the steel have been ranking according to influence of fractal dimensions of non-metallic inclusions on the properties. It has been revealed that non-metallic inclusions, evaluated by their fractal dimensions, have strong effect on impact toughness of the steel S355J2 (R² = 0.89). It can be explained by reducing the metal matrix resistance to crack propagation due to non-metallic inclusions in the matrix. Method of mechanical properties ranging by non-metallic inclusions fractal dimensions allow to vary chemical composition of steel for main parameter obtaining. In this particular case for necessary impact toughness of constructional S355 steel narrower chemical composition of the steel should be chosen.
Experimental studies of a throughput of the distribution systems of planetary hydraulic motors
Authors: Voloshina A , Panchenko A , Titova O , Pashchenko V , Zasiadko A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a result of the study, an experimental test bench was developed for testing high-torque hydraulic motors. A methodology for experimental studies of a unified series of planetary hydraulic motors has been developed. It has been established that an increase in the throughput of a hydraulic motor with a modernized distributed system makes it possible to increase the hydromechanical efficiency of the modernized hydraulic motor by 11 to 14%, the volumetric efficiency by 2 to 4%, and the overall efficiency by 7 to 9%. The increase in the values of the hydromechanical, volumetric and overall efficiency of the modernized hydraulic motor explains the increase in the throughput of its distributed system. It has been established that the torque of the developed serial hydraulic motor is 300 to 325 min−1, which is a sign of the rigid characteristics of this hydraulic motor. The stability of the torque (within 1.5%) developed by the modernized hydraulic motor 370 to 375 H.m in the frequency range of 75 to 450 min−1 is confirmed by its rigid characteristic.
Influence of Temperature and Concentration of Additives on the Lubricity of Track Machine Oils
Authors: Voronin S , Stefanov V , Onopreichuk D , Ovchynnikov O , Pashchenko O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The promising types of additives to hydraulic oils of track machines, which contribute to increasing the lubricity of oils, that is necessary for the introduction of resource saving in railway transport, were substantiated. On the basis of the conducted justification, two types of additives were selected for further study: pure stearic acid and a three-component additive based on carbamide A, stearic and oleic acid. These additives were used in the studies, being added to hydraulic oil I-20A in different concentrations. Methods and results of laboratory studies of the indicators of the lubricity of hydraulic oil with additives depending on the concentration of the additive and the operating temperature of the oil are given. The following indicators of oil lubricity were studied: the dynamic viscosity of the oil measured in a rotary viscometer; the thickness of the boundary lubricant film measured using the “ball stack” method; the load-carrying capacity of the boundary lubricant film measured in a special load device by establishing a load in which the electrical resistance in the point of contact between two lubricated steel balls abruptly approaches the values of resistance of the dry metal contact.
Effect of odd viscosity on the stability of a falling thin film in presence of electromagnetic field
Authors: Zhao Juanxia , Jian Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the presence of an electromagnetic field, we studied the stability of a conductive thin liquid film flowing on a non-conductive inclined plate taking the effect of odd viscosity into account. Using the lubrication theory, a new liquid–gas interface evolution equation involving odd viscosity effect is derived. By analyzing the linear and non-linear stability of the evolution equation, we find that the odd viscosity and the magnetic field stabilize the flow, while the electric field destabilizes the flow. Linear study shows that the larger odd viscosity leads to the higher critical Reynolds number. The weakly nonlinear study reveals that in the limited amplitude range, the supercritical stable region and the explosion region will decrease with the increase of the odd viscosity. Conversely, the unconditionally stable region increases and the subcritical unstable region keeps almost unchanged.
Effect of transition metals doping on electronic structure and optical properties of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Li Weixue , Dai Jianfeng , Wang Qing , Suo Zhongqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effects of transition metal (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) doping on the stability, electronic structure and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 have been studied using GGA and GGA + U. The results show that the U value can correct the strong interaction of the d-layer, causing orbital hybridization and affecting the position and number of impurity energy levels. It can move the conduction band to higher energy levels and weaken the role of Ga-3p in the valence band. The Ti-doped β-Ga2O3 is easily formed, followed by V, Cr, Sc, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn doping. Some bands change regularly with the increase of atomic number. All systems become degraded semiconductors after doping. All doping will make the β-Ga2O3 red shift. Among them, the absorption intensity of Cu doping in the visible light range is significantly improved.
Decomposition analysis of per capita emissions: a tool for assessing consumption changes and technology changes within scenarios
Authors: van den Berg Nicole J , Hof Andries F , van der Wijst Kaj-Ivar , Akenji Lewis , Daioglou Vassilis , Edelenbosch Oreane Y , van Sluisveld Mariësse A E , Timmer Vanessa J , van Vuuren Detlef P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent studies show that behaviour changes can provide an essential contribution to achieving the Paris climate targets. Existing climate change mitigation scenarios primarily focus on technological change and underrepresent the possible contribution of behaviour change. This paper presents and applies a methodology to decompose the factors contributing to changes in per capita emissions in scenarios. With this approach, we determine the relative contribution to total emissions from changes in activity, the way activities are carried out, the intensity of activities, as well as fuel choice. The decomposition tool breaks down per capita emissions loosely following the Kaya Identity, allowing a comparison between the contributions of technology and consumption changes among regions and between various scenarios. We illustrate the use of the tool by applying it to three previously-published scenarios; a baseline scenario, a scenario with a selection of behaviour changes, and a 2 °C scenario with the same selection of behaviour changes. Within these scenarios, we explore the contribution of technology and consumption changes to total emission changes in the transport and residential sector, for a selection of both developed and developing regions. In doing so, the tool helps identify where specifically (i.e. via consumption or technology factors) different measures play a role in mitigating emissions and expose opportunities for improved representation of behaviour changes in integrated assessment models. This research shows the value of the decomposition tool and how the approach could be flexibly replicated for different global models based on available variables and aims. The application of the tool to previously-published scenarios shows substantial differences in consumption and technology changes from CO2 price and behaviour changes, in transport and residential per capita emissions and between developing and developed regions. Furthermore, the tool’s application can highlight opportunities for future scenario development of a more nuanced and heterogeneous representation of behaviour and lifestyle changes in global models.
Dissecting localization phenomena of dynamical processes on networks
Authors: Silva Diogo H , Ferreira Silvio C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Localization phenomena permeate many branches of physics playing a fundamental role on dynamical processes evolving on heterogeneous networks. These localization analyses are frequently grounded, for example, on eigenvectors of adjacency or non-backtracking matrices which emerge in theories of dynamic processes near to an active to inactive phase transition. We advance in this problem gauging nodal activity to quantify the localization in dynamical processes on networks whether they are near to a transition or not. The method is generic and applicable to theory, stochastic simulations, and real data. We investigate spreading processes on a wide spectrum of networks, both analytically and numerically, showing that nodal activity can present complex patterns depending on the network structure. Using annealed networks we show that a localized state at the transition and an endemic phase just above it are not incompatible features of a spreading process. We also report that epidemic prevalence near to the transition is determined by the delocalized component of the network even when the analysis of the inverse participation ratio indicates a localized activity. Also, dynamical processes with distinct critical exponents can be described by the same localization pattern. Turning to quenched networks, a more complex picture, depending on the type of activation and on the range of degree exponent, is observed and discussed. Our work paves an important path for investigation of localized activity in spreading and other processes on networks.
Splitting theorem for Ricci soliton
Authors: Wu Guoqiang 
Published: January 2021

Let

(
M
,
g
,
f
)

(M, g, f)

be a gradient Ricci soliton

∇
2

f
+
R
i
c
=
λ
g

\nabla ^2 f+Ric=\lambda g

with

λ
∈
{

1
2

,
0
,
−

1
2

}

\lambda \in \{\frac {1}{2}, 0, -\frac {1}{2}\}

. Suppose there is a geodesic line

γ
:
(
−
∞
,
∞
)
→
M

\gamma : (-\infty , \infty )\rightarrow M

satisfying

lim inf

t
→
∞

∫
0

t

R
i
c
(

γ
′

(
s
)
,

γ
′

(
s
)
)
d
s
+

lim inf

t
→
−
∞

∫

t

0

R
i
c
(

γ
′

(
s
)
,

γ
′

(
s
)
)
d
s
≥
0
,

\begin{eqnarray*} \liminf _{t\rightarrow \infty }\int _0^{t}Ric(\gamma ’(s), \gamma ’(s))ds +\liminf _{t\rightarrow -\infty }\int _{t}^{0}Ric(\gamma ’(s), \gamma ’(s))ds \geq 0, \end{eqnarray*}

then

(
M
,
g
,
f
)

(M, g, f)

splits off a line isometrically.
Newell-Littlewood numbers
Authors: Gao Shiliang , Orelowitz Gidon , Yong Alexander 
Published: January 2021

The Newell-Littlewood numbers are defined in terms of their celebrated cousins, the Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. Both arise as tensor product multiplicities for a classical Lie group. They are the structure coefficients of the K. Koike-I. Terada basis of the ring of symmetric functions. Recent work of H. Hahn studies them, motivated by R. Langlands’ beyond endoscopy proposal; we address her work with a simple characterization of detection of Weyl modules. This motivates further study of the combinatorics of the numbers. We consider analogues of ideas of J. De Loera-T. McAllister, H. Derksen-J. Weyman, S. Fomin–W. Fulton-C.-K. Li–Y.-T. Poon, W. Fulton, R. King-C. Tollu-F. Toumazet, M. Kleber, A. Klyachko, A. Knutson-T. Tao, T. Lam-A. Postnikov-P. Pylyavskyy, K. Mulmuley-H. Narayanan-M. Sohoni, H. Narayanan, A. Okounkov, J. Stembridge, and H. Weyl.
Time Trends in Comorbidity and Management of Hypertension and Self-reported Diabetes: A 15-Year Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China
Authors: Li Yixuan , Sun Xiaomin , Wei Junxiang , Wu Jing , Wang Youfa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To examine time trends in comorbidity of hypertension and self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their diagnosis, treatment, and management in China during 2000–2015 and study factors associated with these outcomes.

METHODS
Longitudinal data collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) during 2000–2015 were analyzed. 143, 351, and 338 had both hypertension and self-reported T2DM were selected in 2000, 2011, and 2015, respectively. Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension prevalence among T2DM participants, and treatment and control of hypertension and self-reported T2DM among participants with both conditions were examined for all and by sex and weight status. Poisson regression model assessed the associations.

RESULTS
From 2000 to 2015, among participants with self-reported T2DM, hypertension prevalence dropped from 88.4% to 83.0% and blood pressures decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Men and overweight/obese participants had greater decreases in hypertension prevalence and DBP, while women had a larger decrease in SBP than men. Over time, among participants with both hypertension and self-reported T2DM, rates of hypertension treatment (45.3%–57.7%), hypertension control (3.0%–10.9%), and self-reported T2DM treatment (90.0%–95.6%) increased (all P &lt; 0.001). Older, women, ever-smoking, heavier drinking, better income level, higher education level, and obesity had higher rates of prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension, and self-reported T2DM treatment among participants with both hypertension and self-reported T2DM.

CONCLUSIONS
Rates of hypertension treatment and control among participants with both hypertension and self-reported T2DM have improved in recent years, but were still low.
A comprehensive approach to addressing the opioid epidemic in a large health system
Authors: Ash Nathan , Tuten Jedediah , Bohenek Wayne , Latham Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the implementation of a comprehensive program to address the opioid epidemic in a large health system and to assess the effect of the program on opioid prescribing.

Summary
Mercy Health is a nonprofit, Catholic health system that employs over 1,400 providers and operates 23 hospitals in Ohio and Kentucky, 2 states that have experienced large numbers of overdoses. As a good community partner, the health system developed a comprehensive plan to address the opioid crisis. A system-wide Opioid Steering Committee was established to implement and manage the program. The committee was chaired by a senior pharmacy executive and supported by 4 subcommittees: the data analytics, education development, outreach and assessment, and electronic health record (EHR) subcommittees. The 4 subcommittees developed and implemented several initiatives, including forming a database with prescribing data by specialty and geographical location, implementing a standardized screening approach in the emergency department, challenging hospitals to create partnerships with local schools, and creating EHR enhancements to change opioid prescribing habits. When normalized for patient volume, the prescribed opioid burden was reduced from 65.3 to 35.2 morphine milligram equivalents per unique patient from 2016 to 2019 (a 46% absolute reduction). During this same time the number of acute prescription orders with a morphine equivalent dose greater than 30 was reduced by 52% (from 37,793 to 17,822 prescriptions per year).

Conclusion
Mercy Health’s comprehensive approach to the opioid epidemic has successfully impacted opioid prescribing habits, screening practices, and community outreach.
Management of a parenteral opioid shortage using ASHP guidelines
Authors: Vo Peter , Sylvia Daniel A , Milibari Loay , Stackhouse John Ryan , Szumita Paul , Rocchio Megan , Cotugno Michael , Belisle Caryn , Morris Charles , Goralnick Eric , Vacanti Joshua C , Matta Lina , Cooley Tom , Triggs Angela , Silverman Jon , Fanikos John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Management of an acute shortage of parenteral opioid products at a large hospital through prescribing interventions and other guideline-recommended actions is described.

Summary
In early 2018, many hospitals were faced with a shortage of parenteral opioids that was predicted to last an entire year. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) has published guidelines on managing drug product shortages. This article describes the application of these guidelines to manage the parenteral opioid shortage and the impact on opioid dispensing that occurred in 2018. Our approach paralleled that recommended in the ASHP guidelines. Daily dispensing reports generated from automated dispensing cabinets and from the electronic health record were used to capture dispenses of opioid medications. Opioid prescribing and utilization data were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME) to allow clinical leaders and hospital administrators to quickly evaluate opioid inventories and consumption. Action steps included utilization of substitute opioid therapies and conversion of opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and opioid infusions to intravenous bolus dose administration. Parenteral opioid supplies were successfully rationed so that surgical and elective procedures were not canceled or delayed. During the shortage, opioid dispensing decreased in the inpatient care areas from approximately 2.0 million MME to 1.4 million MME and in the operating rooms from 0.56 MME to 0.29 million MME. The combination of electronic health record alerts, increased utilization of intravenous acetaminophen and liposomal bupivacaine, and pharmacist interventions resulted in a 67% decline in PCA use and a 65% decline in opioid infusions.

Conclusion
A multidisciplinary response is necessary for effective management of drug shortages through implementation of strategies and practices for notifying clinicians of shortages and identifying optimal alternative therapies.