bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working hard for long‐distance relationships: Geographic proximity and relationship‐specific investments
Authors: Huang Kershen , Shang Chenguang , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuppliers that are farther away from their customers make more relationship‐specific investments (RSI). This association is more pronounced when it is less costly for the customer to switch to alternative suppliers and when the supplier operates in relatively opaque information environments. Using the introduction of new airline routes as an exogenous shock to the distance between supply chain partners, we show that the relation between supplier RSI and distance may be causal. We also provide evidence that suppliers with larger RSI are better able to maintain long‐distance business relationships and are associated with higher firm value. These findings suggest an important dimension of supplier commitment: Suppliers use RSI as a signal of their willingness to fulfill on‐going implicit claims.
Do managers provide misleading earnings forecasts before stock repurchases?
Authors: Nain Amrita S. , Vijh Anand M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe question previous evidence that managers mislead investors into selling their stock for artificially lowered prices by releasing overly negative earnings forecasts before stock repurchases. We rely on forecast errors (forecast minus actual earnings) and show that these are insignificantly different between repurchase and matching firms. Our tests are powerful at detecting small differences and yet, across multiple subsamples, we find no statistical difference in forecast errors of repurchase and matching firms. Prior evidence of managerial misleading relied on the negative stock market reaction to management forecasts. We show that this negative reaction is observed only in the subsample where board authorization of repurchase follows management forecast. When board authorization precedes forecast, market reaction to management forecasts for repurchase firms is somewhat higher than that for matching firms. Our evidence suggests that managers are not misleading but exploiting low market prices to the advantage of their long‐term shareholders.
Sedimentary microeukaryotes reveal more dispersal limitation and form networks with less connectivity than planktonic microeukaryotes in a highly regulated river
Authors: Chen Juan , Sun Shenghao , Wang Peifang , Wang Chao , Wang Xun , Gao Han , Miao Lingzhan , Liu Sheng , Yuan Qiusheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Microeukaryotes are considered critical for biogeochemical cycles and material transformation in river ecosystems, but their biogeography and underlying mechanisms of their assemblages remain poorly understood.

We collected 35 water samples and 26 sediment samples covering an 1,148 km reach of the Lancang River, a highly regulated large river in south‐western China. The planktonic and sedimentary microeukaryotic communities were analysed by sequencing the V4 region of eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene. Factors associated with patterns in microeukaryotic communities were assessed by canonical correlation analysis and neutral models. Species interactions and keystone species in microeukaryotic communities were investigated by co‐occurrence network analysis.

The results showed that community composition was distinct between planktonic and sedimentary microeukaryotes, as well as between upstream natural sites and regulated sites downstream. Similar environmental (pH, nutrient concentrations) and spatial (altitude, distance) variables were associated with patterns in community composition of planktonic and sedimentary microeukaryote communities, except that turbidity and water temperature were associated only with patterns in planktonic communities.

Neutral models were an excellent fit to the distributions of both planktonic (r2 = 0.67) and sedimentary (r2 = 0.50) microeukaryotic communities. The estimated immigration rate (m) from planktonic communities (m = 0.032) was higher than from sedimentary communities (m = 0.022).

Co‐occurrence pattern analysis showed that planktonic microeukaryotic networks had more connectivity but a lower proportion of positive interactions than sedimentary microeukaryotic networks. Keystone species, in particular those belonging to phylum Ascomycota, played essential roles in maintaining stability of both planktonic and sedimentary microeukaryotic communities.

Our results showed that the composition of planktonic and sedimentary microeukaryote communities differ, and that diversity in both communities was influenced by river regulation. Given the important roles played by microeukaryotes in nutrient cycling and food webs, such impacts may alter other ecosystem processes in rivers.
Serum Hevylite® assay in the differential diagnosis of patients with high suspicion of AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Yogev Dean , Pick Marjorie , Slyusarevsky Elena , Pogrebijski Galina , Pickin Anna , Gatt Moshe E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAL amyloidosis (AL) is a malignant form of plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). It is insidious, and its end‐organ damage can mimic that of common diseases. At diagnosis, routine tests for monoclonal protein are insufficient for the differential diagnosis. We hypothesized that Hevylite® (HLC) isotype patterns may help discriminate between AL and benign PCD states.MethodsSerum samples of patients with a high clinical suspicion of AL were prospectively tested for IgGκ, IgGλ, IgAκ, IgAλ, IgMκ, and IgMλ concentrations and ratios using Hevylite® assays in a blinded manner. The results were correlated with the final diagnosis.ResultsOf the 99 samples analyzed, 46 were newly diagnosed AL, and the majority, 38 (82.6%), presented with suppression of at least one HLC isotype. Of the 53 benign PCD patients, 36 (67.9%) presented with elevation of at least one HLC isotype. By multivariate analysis, Hevylite® was the best independent test predictor of AL amyloidosis. HLC suppression had an odds ratio (OR) of 14.591, and elevation an OR of 10.149, and thus were significant variables in the diagnosis and exclusion of AL. Furthermore, patients with both HLC suppression, together with no elevation, had an OR of 316.69 to be diagnosed with AL rather than a benign PCD.ConclusionsHevylite® HLC analysis for Ig isotypes patterns offers an effective non‐invasive tool in the evaluation of patients with high suspicion of AL and may assist further explorative decisions for diagnosis.
Effectiveness of a locality‐based integrated diabetes care service on clinical outcomes
Authors: Zarora Reetu , MacMillan Freya , Piya Milan K. , Fernandes Brunelle , Simmons David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes management often requires close cooperation between primary and specialist services, but a range of challenges in Australia and elsewhere make seamless care difficult.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a new locality‐based integrated diabetes care service for people with Type 2 diabetes in an inner regional area.MethodsA quasi‐experimental evaluation comparing baseline and follow‐up clinical data collected from general practices and specialist services participating in an integrated diabetes care programme in an inner‐regional area. Patients had at least one specialist service consultation. The primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsClinical data were collected for 178 (74.5%) of 239 patients (age ± standard deviation, 65 ± 11 years; 46% female; median (interquartile range) diabetes duration, 19 (11.0–24.0) years) from seven general practices over 33 months (median 18.5 months). There were reductions in HbA1c (0.7 ± 1.6% (8 ± 18 mmol/mol); P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (5.8 ± 19.5 mmHg; P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.4 ± 14.3 mmHg; P = 0.04), total cholesterol (0.5 ± 1.3 mmoL/L; P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein (0.4 ± 0.9 mmoL/L; P < 0.001), body mass index (0.5 ± 1.6 kg/m2; P < 0.001) and weight (1.8 ± 4.7 kg; P < 0.001). The proportion without microalbuminuria increased from 48.4% to 59.3% (P = 0.03).ConclusionsGlycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors can be reduced in patients with long‐standing Type 2 diabetes by moving to a locality‐based integrated primary–secondary care diabetes care service.
Decision support issues in automated driving systems
Authors: Caballero William N. , Ríos Insua David , Banks David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMachine learning and computational processing have advanced such that automated driving systems (ADSs) are no longer a distant reality. Many automobile manufacturers have developed prototypes; however, there exist numerous decision support issues requiring resolution to ensure mass ADS adoption. In the coming decades, it is likely that production ADSs will only be partially autonomous. Such ADSs operate within predetermined conditions and require driver intervention when they are violated. Since forecasts of their 20‐year market penetration are relatively low, ADSs will likely operate in heterogeneous traffic characterized by vehicles of varying autonomy levels. Under these conditions, effective decision support must consider intangible, subjective, and emotional factors as well as influences of human cognition; otherwise, the ADS risks driver distrust and unsatisfactory performance based on an incomplete understanding of its environment. We survey the literature relevant to these issues, identify open problems, and propose research directions for their resolution.
On the complexity of coloring ‐graphs
Authors: Alves Matheus S. D. , Nascimento Julliano R. , Souza Uéverton S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn ‐graph is a graph that can be partitioned into r independent sets and ℓ cliques. In the Graph Coloring problem, we are given as input a graph G, and the objective is to determine the minimum integer k such that G admits a proper vertex k‐coloring. In this work, we describe a Poly versus NP‐hard dichotomy of this problem regarding the parameters r and ℓ of ‐graphs, which determine the boundaries of the ‐hardness of Graph Coloring for such classes. We also analyze the complexity of the problem on ()‐graphs under the parameterized complexity perspective. We show that given a (2, 1)‐partition of a graph G, finding an optimal coloring of G is ‐complete even when K1 is a maximal clique of size 3; XP but W[1]‐hard when parameterized by ; fixed‐parameter tractable (FPT) and admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by . Besides, concerning the case where K1 is a maximal clique of size 3, a P versus NPh dichotomy regarding the neighborhood of K1 is provided; furthermore, an FPT algorithm parameterized by the number of vertices having no neighbor in K1 is presented.
Differences in exercise‐induced blood pressure changes between young trained and untrained individuals
Authors: Nakamura Kenji , Fujiwara Takeshi , Hoshide Satoshi , Ishiyama Yusuke , Taki Mizuri , Ozawa Seiji , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are no studies assessing short‐term blood pressure (BP) changes induced by daily exercise load in young trained individuals. The authors enrolled 25 healthy, trained (mean age 19.7 ± 0.1 years, 36% female) and 26 healthy, untrained (mean age 20.4 ± 0.3 years, 50% female) individuals and measured BP after the Master two‐step test. Among them, 42 individuals underwent echocardiography after BP measurements to assess left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The baseline systolic BP (SBP) levels of trained and untrained individuals were 122.7 ± 2.9 versus 117.4 ± 1.5 mmHg, respectively (p = .016). Trained individuals showed a significant suppression of the SBP increase soon after exercise loads and lower SBP levels at 1, 2, and 3 min after exercise loads compared with untrained individuals. The peak SBP level over the study period was also significantly lower in trained individuals than in untrained individuals: 156.4 ± 3.3 versus 183.7 ± 5.2 mmHg (p < .001). Trained individuals showed significantly higher LVMI compared with untrained individuals: 129.4 versus 101.6 g/m2 (p < .001). These findings demonstrated that trained individuals showed significant suppression of short‐term BP variability in response to by daily exercise loads and prompt SBP recovery from acute exercise loads compared with untrained individuals. Our results would be useful to understand short‐term BPV and LV hypertrophy induced by adaptive responses of the heart to regular exercise loads.
Biomarker levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non‐surgically treated implants with peri‐implantitis
Authors: Hentenaar Diederik F. M. , De Waal Yvonne C. M. , Vissink Arjan , Van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , Meijer Henny J. A. , Liefers Sylvia C. , Kroese Frans G. M. , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo compare biomarker levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of healthy implants with levels in PICF of implants with peri‐implantitis (before and after non‐surgical treatment).Materials and methodsSamples were taken from 20 healthy implants (n = 17 patients) and from 20 implants with peri‐implantitis (n = 19 patients) before and 3 months after non‐surgical treatment using the Airflow Master Piezon® (EMS). A Luminex™ assay was used to evaluate pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and G‐CSF, collagen degradation enzyme MMP‐8, chemokines MCP‐1 & MIP‐1α/CCL3, bone markers OPG and sRANKL and interferon‐γ. Clinical and radiographical characteristics were assessed. A Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test analysed between‐ and within‐group differences.ResultsIL‐1β and MMP‐8 levels were found significantly elevated in implants with peri‐implantitis (p = .007; p = <.001, respectively). No difference in levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and MIP‐1α/CCL3, OPG and G‐CSF between healthy and diseased implants was found. Levels of sRANKL and INF‐γ were under the level of detection. None of the biomarker levels improved after non‐surgical therapy, and levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐8 remained high.ConclusionImplants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis have higher levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐8 in PICF compared to healthy implants. Non‐surgical therapy did not influence the inflammatory immune response.
Pre‐clinical evaluation of the effect of a volume‐stable collagen matrix on periodontal regeneration in two‐wall intrabony defects
Authors: Imber Jean‐Claude , Bosshardt Dieter Daniel , Stähli Alexandra , Saulacic Nikola , Deschner James , Sculean Anton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo histologically evaluate the effect of a new collagen matrix on periodontal regeneration.Materials and MethodsTwo‐wall intrabony defects were surgically created bilaterally distally to the maxillary first and third pre‐molars in beagle dogs. The defects were randomly allocated to open flap debridement either with (test) or without (control) a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX). After 12 weeks, the dogs were euthanized, and the specimens histologically processed. Descriptive, histomorphometrical (vertical gain of periodontal tissues) and statistical analyses were then performed.ResultsHealing was uneventful in most cases. Residual VCMX was still present and showed integration into new bone, new periodontal ligament, connective tissue and, in some specimens, into new cementum. Periodontal regeneration occurred to a varying extent in both groups. New continuous cementum and new bone formation were statistically significantly greater in the test group (4.12 mm and 3.28 mm, respectively) than in the control group (1.54 mm and 2.47 mm, respectively) (p = .009 and p = .037, respectively). The junctional epithelium was longer in the control group (2.21 mm) than in the test group (1.49 mm, p = .16).ConclusionThe present results have for the first time provided histologic evidence for the potential of this novel VCMX to facilitate periodontal regeneration thus warranting further pre‐clinical and clinical testing.
Comparative computer‐assisted sperm analysis in non‐human primates
Authors: Schmidt Jenna K. , Mean Katherine D. , Dusek Brittany M. , Hinkle Hayly M. , Puntney Riley C. , Alexander Eric S. , Malicki Kerri B. , Sneed Emily L. , Moy Amy W. , Golos Thaddeus G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiomedical research has recently focused on developing new models of human disease by implementing genome‐editing strategies in non‐human primates (NHPs) to introduce relevant gene mutations. There is a need to establish objective semen evaluation methods to select sires for in vitro fertilization to perform germline editing in embryos.MethodsSperm motility kinematic parameters were evaluated using a computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA) instrument for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).ResultsNormative sperm kinematic parameters were established, revealing differences between marmosets and macaques. The impact of season on rhesus macaque sperm motility was modest, where changes in sperm motility related to season were dependent on the individual male.ConclusionsThese data provide a baseline of normative kinematic parameters for three captive NHP species, in which implementation of CASA may serve as a tool to evaluate NHP semen quality.
Perfectionism and Neuroticism: Evidence for a common genetic and environmental etiology
Authors: Burcaş Sylvia , Creţu Romeo Zeno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecent meta‐analyses have shown that perfectionism dimensions display significant relationships with the Big Five factors, with the strongest associations being detected between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism. To date, no research investigating the etiologic factors underlying these relationships has been conducted.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to address this literature gap by exploring the genetic and environmental influences that explain the phenotypic associations between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism.MethodWe used a multivariate twin design and tested two theoretical genetic models, an Independent and a Common Pathway model, on a sample of 678 Romanian twins.ResultsUnivariate estimates showed that perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism are moderately heritable (32%–46%). Multivariate analyses revealed that their phenotypic relationships were largely explained by additive genetic factors (rg between .58 and .73). The best‐fit Independent Pathway model indicated that perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism were influenced directly by some common genetic and environmental factors accounting for approximately half of their individual variance.ConclusionThe overlap between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism is mainly explained by a common genetic etiology. However, perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism are still distinct personality features as their variances are also influenced by specific genetic and environmental factors.
Chanarin‐Dorfman Syndrome: A comprehensive review
Authors: Cakmak Erol , Bagci Gokhan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited genetic disease. This syndrome is associated with a decrease in the lipolysis activity in multiple tissue cells because of recessive mutations in the abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) gene, which leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets in multiple types of cells. Major clinical symptoms in patients with CDS include ichthyosis and intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. The variability of clinical symptoms in patients with CDS depends on a large number of mutations involved. In this syndrome, liver involvement is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. This review aims to summarize the demographic characteristic, clinical symptoms, liver involvement and mutations in CDS patients in the literature to date.
Growth rate is temperature‐dependent, but the proportion of resource allocation between the growth and gonads is not, in early adult stage of the lancelet branchiostomajaponicum
Authors: Takeshita Fumio , Maekawa Takumi , Henmi Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pattern of resource allocation into multiple life‐history traits can vary with the environment; for example, high temperatures generally facilitate growth. Changes in investment in growth due to temperature may alter the allocation to other traits that are in trade‐off with that. Here, we investigated the trade‐off between growth and reproduction and whether the proportion of allocation to these varies with increasing seawater temperature in the lancelet Branchiostoma japonicum. We reared the lancelets of early adult stage under three different temperature treatments (control, + 1°C and + 2°C treatments) for 427 days in the laboratory. Although the total body length at initiation did not differ between treatments, the length was influenced by the interaction between elapsed days and temperature treatments, suggesting that growth rate was temperature‐dependent; the lancelets under higher temperature conditions showed a more rapid growth rate than did those under the control conditions. The frequency of individuals with gonads did not differ between treatments throughout their reproductive season. The monthly growth increments were also not significantly affected by the interaction between the presence/absence of gonads and temperature treatments, although the presence of gonads caused the growth increments to decrease. In addition, the effect of temperature treatments was significant. These results suggest that changes in temperature did not alter the pattern of allocation between growth and reproduction that were in a trade‐off, whereas high temperature would solely result in an increase in resource intake, at least in the early adult stage of this species.
Inbreeding vs outbreeding depression in a marine species with low dispersal potential
Authors: Montecinos Camila , Álvarez Carolina , Riera Rodrigo , Brante Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInbreeding depression strongly affects the biological fitness of organisms throughout their life cycle. These negative effects are more pronounced in species with low dispersal potentials, where mating among relatives is more likely. However, in some species, an outbreeding depression could be expressed when local adaptive and genetic beneficial interactions are disrupted when mating occurs between individuals from different localities. The amphipod Orchestoidea tuberculata inhabits the upper level of sandy beaches. This species has direct development and adults are poor swimmers, resulting in low dispersal potential. We herein evaluated potential inbreeding and outbreeding depression responses in O. tuberculata estimated in fecundity, egg size, and mate choice. Artificial families were used with individuals from different sites within a single beach and from distinct beaches. Results showed that the highest fecundity (66.7%) and the largest egg size (50.1 mm3) were recorded in females that mated with males from the same site, rather than males from other sites and beaches. We also observed potential recognition mechanisms that clearly favored inbreeding (81.8% of males chose females from the same site). These results suggest a potential outbreeding depression in O. tuberculata. Additional studies are needed to elucidate underlying adaptive mechanisms favoring inbreeding in this species.