bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric co‐management for cardiology patients in the hospital: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Van Grootven Bastiaan , Jeuris Anthony , Jonckers Maren , Devriendt Els , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Dubois Christophe , Fagard Katleen , Herregods Marie‐Christine , Hornikx Miek , Meuris Bart , Rex Steffen , Tournoy Jos , Milisen Koen , Flamaing Johan , Deschodt Mieke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesOlder patients admitted to cardiac care units often suffer functional decline. We evaluated whether a nurse‐led geriatric co‐management program leads to better functional status at hospital discharge.DesignA quasi‐experimental before‐and‐after study was performed between September 2016 and December 2018, with the main endpoint at hospital discharge and follow‐up at 6 months.SettingTwo cardiac care units of the University Hospitals Leuven.ParticipantsOne hundred and fifty‐one intervention and 158 control patients aged 75 years or older admitted for acute cardiovascular disease or transcatheter aortic valve implantation.InterventionA nurse from the geriatrics department performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment within 24 h of admission. The cardiac care team and geriatrics nurse drafted an interdisciplinary care plan, focusing on early rehabilitation, discharge planning, promoting physical activity, and preventing geriatric syndromes. The geriatrics nurse provided daily follow‐up and coached the cardiac team. A geriatrician co‐managed patients with complications.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was functional status measured using the Katz Index for independence in activities of daily living (ADL; one‐point difference was considered clinically relevant). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of ADL decline and complications, length of stay, unplanned readmissions, survival, and quality of life.RESULTSThe mean age of patients was 85 years. Intervention patients had better functional status at hospital discharge (8.9, 95% CI = 8.7–9.3 versus 9.5, 95% CI = 9.2–9.9; p = 0.019) and experienced 18% less functional decline during hospitalization (25% vs. 43%, p = 0.006). The intervention group experienced significantly fewer cases of delirium and obstipation during hospitalization, and significantly fewer nosocomial infections. At 6‐month follow‐up, patients had significantly better functional status and quality of life. There were no differences regarding length of stay, readmissions, or survival.CONCLUSIONThis first nurse‐led geriatric co‐management program for frail patients on cardiac care units was not effective in improving functional status, but significantly improved secondary outcomes.
Examining early and late onset of multimorbidity in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Nicholson Kathryn , Griffith Lauren E. , Sohel Nazmul , Raina Parminder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe study objective was to understand characteristics and health outcomes of multimorbidity, distinguishing between multimorbidity onset in earlier and later phases of life among community‐dwelling older adults in Canada.DESIGNA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Setting and ParticipantsThis analysis included 11,161 older adults who were between the ages of 65 and 85 years at baseline and who were living in community‐based settings.MeasurementsMultimorbidity was defined using two cutpoints: two or more chronic conditions (MM2+) and three or more chronic conditions (MM3+). After calculating the age of diagnosis for eligible participants, “early multimorbidity” was defined as multiple chronic conditions diagnosed before 45 years of age, while “late multimorbidity” was defined as multiple chronic conditions diagnosed at or after 45 years of age. The five health outcomes explored were physical disability, social limitation, frailty level, perceived general health status, and perceived mental health status.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of MM2+ was 75.3% (95% CI: 74.3, 76.1) and the prevalence of MM3+ was 47.0% (95% CI: 46.0, 48.0). The majority of participants (both females and males) living with multimorbidity were categorized with late multimorbidity. Participants with early multimorbidity or both early and late multimorbidity had increased odds of physical disability, social limitation, increased frailty level, and negative perceived general and mental health. These patterns were detected for both MM2+ and MM3+.ConclusionThis study examined the impact of the timing of multimorbidity onset on five health outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of clinical and public health interventions to prevent and manage the causes and consequences of multimorbidity, with particular focus on age of onset. Future longitudinal research should be done to further articulate the relationships between multimorbidity and these health outcomes over time.
Preface to the Special Issue “Presynaptic Dysfunction and Disease”
Authors: Smillie Karen J. , Cousin Michael A. , Gordon Sarah L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synapse is formed between a presynapse (which releases neurotransmitter) and the postsynapse (which transduces this chemical signal). Over the past decade, presynaptic dysfunction has emerged as a key mediator of a series of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This special issue will highlight some of the important presynaptic molecules and mechanisms that are disrupted in these conditions and reveal potential routes for therapy.
Australia and the Global South: Knowledge and the Ambiguities of Place and Identity
Authors: Collyer Fran M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAustralia was settled as a colony of Britain from the 17th century, and its early history of violent occupation has gradually given way to a relatively peaceful, wealthy, multicultural society. As a post‐colonial country, its people share characteristics with those of Britain, but, as a multicultural society, national identity is increasingly influenced by the cultures of many countries, from both the global North and South. In this paper, the question of Australia's placement as a country of the global North or South is explored. Considerations of geography, the economy, political regimes and national identity are the backdrop to an investigation of Australian scholarship and the attitudes of scholars to the inclusion of Australia as a country of the global South.
Psychosocial impacts of oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Alsoghier Abdullah , Riordain Richeal Ni , Fedele Stefano , Porter Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe psychosocial impact of receiving the diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia, which presents up to 3.5% increased annual risk of mouth cancer, remains unknown. Using validated instruments, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and existing correlations between anxiety, depression and dental anxiety symptoms and burden on oral health‐related quality of life.MethodsA clinical cohort of 82 patients with oral dysplasia was asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Spearman's correlation coefficient and regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe participants’ scores were in keeping with the presence of anxiety, depression and emotional distress symptoms in 30%, 16% and 26%, respectively. However, 69% experienced anxiety related to procedures that may be required as part of long‐term management of oral dysplasia (e.g. local anaesthetic injection). The oral health‐related quality of life scores showed 41.5% reporting a recent daily problem due to their oral or dental health. Significant correlations [p >0.05] were found among and between all of the used instruments. Being a female with oral dysplasia also predicted increased odds of indicating higher anxiety and dental anxiety scores than males [p >0.05].ConclusionOral dysplasia can adversely impact on the psychosocial well‐being of affected persons. Establishing a causal relationship between the measured variables may, however, be challenging and would need further longitudinal studies.
Trauma in Schools: An Examination of Trauma Screening and Linkage to Behavioral Health Care in School‐Based Health Centers
Authors: Nadeem Erum , Floyd‐Rodríguez Vanessa , de la Torre Gabriela , Greswold Whitney 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined trauma screening and behavioral health linkage rates in school‐based health centers (SBHCs).METHODSParticipants included 4161 English‐ and Spanish‐speaking patients between the ages of 12 and 22 across 8 urban SBHCs 2 years. Screening rates at medical visits and linkage to additional behavioral health screening and services were assessed via electronic medical records and a chart audit.RESULTSMedical providers administered the Primary Care‐PTSD screen to 66.3% of patients in year 1 and 46.7% of patients in year 2. Rates of positive trauma screens were 27.5% and 32.1%, respectively, with more girls screening positive than boys. Few (year 1; 8.1%; year 2: 9.6%) adolescents received additional trauma screening by a behavioral health clinician. However, the majority were linked to services (year 1: 66%; year 2: 74%). Lack of documentation (year 1: 24%; year 2: 33%) was a common gap in the charts of patients who did not receive a second stage trauma screening. Demographic differences in screening rates were minimal.CONCLUSIONThe current study supports the feasibility of traumatic stress screening and linkage within an integrated care setting. Process improvement efforts should, however, address communication gaps around trauma assessment and its integration into ongoing care.
Melatonin mitigates disrupted circadian rhythms, lowers intraocular pressure, and improves retinal ganglion cells function in glaucoma
Authors: Gubin Denis , Neroev Vladimir , Malishevskaya Tatyana , Cornelissen Germaine , Astakhov Sergei Y. , Kolomeichuk Sergey , Yuzhakova Natalya , Kabitskaya Yana , Weinert Dietmar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy associated with damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and disrupted circadian rhythms. Melatonin is a promising substance to ameliorate glaucoma‐associated compromised circadian rhythms, sleep, mood, and retinal cells function. However, studies estimating melatonin effects in glaucoma are currently lacking. Therefore, In this study, we investigated the effect of long‐term (daily at 10:30 pmfor 90 days) oral melatonin administration on systemic (Tb) and local to the organ of vision (IOP) circadian rhythms, pattern electroretinogram (PERG), sleep, and mood, depending on glaucoma stage in patients diagnosed with stable or advanced primary open‐angle glaucoma. In a laboratory study in 15 of them, 24‐hour records of salivary melatonin were obtained and MTNR1B receptor gene polymorphism was assessed. Melatonin increased the stability of the Tb circadian rhythm by improving its phase alignment and alignment with IOP. Melatonin time‐dependently decreased IOP and IOP standard deviation (SD). IOP 24‐hour mean and IOP SD decreases were more pronounced in individuals with the higher initial 24‐hour IOP mean. Melatonin improved RGCs function in advanced glaucoma; N95 amplitude increase correlated positively with RGCs loss. The beneficial effects of melatonin on sleep and mood were greater in advanced glaucoma. Finally, delayed salivary melatonin and Tb phases were observed in MTNR1B G‐allele carriers with advanced glaucoma. Combined, these results provide evidence for melatonin efficiency in restoring disrupted circadian rhythms in glaucoma with different effects of melatonin on systemic vs. local circadian rhythms, indicating that a personalized strategy of melatonin administration may further refine its treatment benefits.
Lactic acid bacteria prevent both periodontitis and atherosclerosis exacerbated by periodontitis in spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoki , Hashizume‐Takizawa Tomomi , Kurita‐Ochiai Tomoko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecent studies have shown a link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient spontaneously hyperlipidemic (Apoeshl) mice. This study evaluated the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to change the intestinal flora changes induced by periodontopathic bacteria and to prevent/slow down the development of atherosclerosis.MethodsLactobacillus gasseri O3‐2 (Lg) was orally intubated in Apoeshl mice for 5 weeks. Three weeks after oral intubation, the mice were orally infected with Pg for 2 weeks.ResultsThirty days after the last infection with Pg, Lg+Pg‐treated mice showed a significant reduction in alveolar bone loss compared to the Pg‐treated group. The Lg treatment restored the Pg‐induced intestinal flora disturbance to normal. Furthermore, a significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque lesion size and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in the aorta were detected in the Lg + Pg‐treated group. In contrast, blood concentrations of TMAO, histidine, and carnitine were enhanced by the Lg treatment but decreased by Lg + Pg treatment.ConclusionThese results suggest that oral Lg treatment is effective in preventing periodontitis and atherosclerosis.
Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of two formulations of dexamethasone in greyhound dogs
Authors: Morris Tim , Paine Stuart W. , Zahra Paul , Li Eric , Colgan Sally , Karamatic Steven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDexamethasone, formulated as sodium phosphate and as phenylpropionate combined with sodium phosphate, was administered subcutaneously to six greyhounds. Plasma and urine were collected for up to 240 h and analysed with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of at least 100 pg/ml for dexamethasone. Dexamethasone, formulated as sodium phosphate, terminal half‐life was 10.4 h in plasma and approximately 16 h in urine, and at 96 h, plasma hydrocortisone concentrations returned to background with dexamethasone levels around the LOQ. Dexamethasone, formulated as phenylpropionate combined with sodium phosphate, terminal half‐life, was 25.6 h in plasma and approximately 26 h in urine, and at 96 h, plasma hydrocortisone concentrations returned to background with dexamethasone levels in three of the six greyhounds around the LOQ. Critical assessment of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data indicated how it might be utilized for medication control in racing greyhounds.
Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach
Authors: Korinth Sebastian P. , Nagler Telse 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reading acceleration phenomenon refers to the effect that experimentally induced time constraints can generate instantaneous improvements of reading rate, accuracy and comprehension among typical and reading impaired readers of different age groups. An overview of studies applying the fading manipulation (i.e., letters are erased in reading direction), which induces the time constraints causing the acceleration phenomenon, is provided in the first part of this review. The second part summarises the outcomes of studies using a training approach called the reading acceleration program (RAP) that integrated core principles of the acceleration phenomenon to generate persistent reading performance improvements. Our review shows ample evidence for the validity of the acceleration phenomenon, since it has been replicated across various languages and populations. However, although there are several explanatory approaches for underlying mechanisms, none of them is well substantiated by empirical evidence so far. Similarly, although generally positive effects of RAP training were reported for several languages and groups of readers, the exact mechanisms causing improved reading rates and comprehension are not well understood. Our critical discussion points out several limitations of RAP that call for further research. However, we also highlight several benefits regarding RAP's potential as an intervention approach for enhancements in reading performance. Video abstract link: https://youtu.be/wO6aEXavk8w
Phylogenetic diversity of culturable marine bacteria from sediments underlying the oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea and their role in nitrate reduction
Authors: Amberkar Ujwala , Khandeparker Rakhee , D. Menezes Larissa , Meena Ram Murti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe eastern Arabian Sea has a unique and permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) extending along the western continental margin of India. The Arabian Sea OMZ is a site of intense denitrification, contributing to 20% of the global oceanic denitrification, playing a significant role in the nitrogen cycle. This study reveals the members of the culturable marine bacterial communities thriving and functioning in the sediment underlying the Arabian Sea OMZ, through 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis and elucidating their nitrate reduction potential. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these cultured bacteria distributed into five phyla, viz. Firmicutes (45.7%) Gammaproteobacteria (36.84%), Actinobacteria (8.7%), Bacteroidetes (5.26%), and Alphaproteobacteria (3.5%). The presence of denitrification genes such as narG, nirS, and nosZ in the cultured bacteria (39%) explains their importance in this process. Present study on the diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in the OMZ surface sediment and their probable role in the nitrogen cycle will provide insight into the microbial biogeochemical processes occurring in this region.
Rethinking Sex and the Brain: How to Create an Inclusive Discourse in Neuroscience
Authors: Rouse Melvin , Hamilton Evan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBiological sex is often framed as a strict binary, resting solely on the size of gametes or the homo/heterogeneity of chromosomal pairings. This inclination toward parsimony has, in effect, led to fundamental misunderstandings in the minds of many in the public. We see this effect in the current regression of transgender rights and the institution of public policies that conflate biological concepts (i.e., sex) with social concepts (i.e., gender) in ways that actively harm marginalized communities. The data show that the brains mosaic of feminized and masculinized regions, chromosomal sex, and the bodies phenotype can be disassociated from one another. The current socio‐political moment calls on us as scientists and educators to redress these misconceptions to help demythify public discourse.
Maternal postpartum deworming and infant milk intake: Secondary outcomes from a trial
Authors: Mofid Layla S. , Casapía Martín , Montresor Antonio , Rahme Elham , Marquis Grace S. , Vercruysse Jozef , Allen Lindsay H. , Blouin Brittany , Razuri Hugo , Pezo Lidsky , Gyorkos Theresa W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization recommends deworming to reduce soil‐transmitted helminth (STH)‐attributable morbidity in women of reproductive age, including pregnant and lactating women, to reduce blood loss, iron deficiency anaemia and nutrient malabsorption. This study assessed the impact of maternal postpartum deworming with albendazole approximately 1 day after delivery on infant milk intake among a subset of 216 randomly selected mother–infant pairs recruited into a large trial in Peru. Infant milk intake was measured using the deuterium‐oxide method at 1‐ and 6‐month postpartum. Maternal STH infection was measured at 6‐month postpartum. At 1‐month postpartum, mean intake was 756 ± 16 and 774 ± 18 mL day−1in the albendazole and placebo groups, respectively (mean difference: −18 mL day−1; 95% CI: −65, 30). At 6‐month postpartum, mean intake was 903 ± 16 and 908 ± 18 mL day−1in the albendazole and placebo groups, respectively (mean difference: −5 mL day−1; 95% CI: −52, 43). There was no statistically significant difference in milk intake between groups at either time point. At 6‐month postpartum, mothers infected withTrichuris trichiurahad infants with higher milk intakes (adjusted mean difference: 70 mL day−1; 95% CI: 20, 120) compared with uninfected mothers. However, there was no statistically significant difference in infant milk intake between mothers who had moderate‐and‐heavy intensity infection compared with the comparison group (mothers with no and light intensity infection). A lower prevalence and intensity of infection, and inclusion of uninfected mothers in both arms of the trial, resulting in effect dilution, may explain the null findings.
Cross‐species transcriptomics uncovers genes underlying genetic accommodation of developmental plasticity in spadefoot toads
Authors: Liedtke Hans Christoph , Harney Ewan , Gomez‐Mestre Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThat hardcoded genomes can manifest as plastic phenotypes responding to environmental perturbations is a fascinating feature of living organisms. How such developmental plasticity is regulated at the molecular level is beginning to be uncovered aided by the development of ‐omic techniques. Here, we compare the transcriptome‐wide responses of two species of spadefoot toads with differing capacity for developmental acceleration of their larvae in the face of a shared environmental risk: pond drying. By comparing gene expression profiles over time and performing cross‐species network analyses, we identified orthologues and functional gene pathways whose environmental sensitivity in expression have diverged between species. Genes related to lipid, cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis and metabolism make up most of a module of genes environmentally responsive in one species, but canalized in the other. The evolutionary changes in the regulation of the genes identified through these analyses may have been key in the genetic accommodation of developmental plasticity in this system.
Doing Nonideal Theory About Gender in Global Contexts
Authors: Khader Serene J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper elaborates and renders explicit some of the views about political philosophical methodology that underlie the author’s arguments in Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic. It shows how the author’s stances on autonomy, individualism, intersectionality, human rights, the coloniality of gender, and the oppression of genders besides man and woman grow out of a commitment to scrutinizing our normative views in light of transnational criticism and empirical information from the qualitative social sciences.
Points of attention when conducting etiological research
Authors: Stel Vianda S. , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Tripepi Giovanni , Dekker Friedo W. , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpidemiological studies often aim to investigate the causal contribution of a risk factor to a disease or other outcome. In etiological research, one is usually interested in the (biological) mechanism(s) underlying the studied relationship. Inappropriate conduct of an etiological study may have major implications for the correctness of the results and interpretation of the findings. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to describe step by step how etiological research should be carried out, together with its  common pitfalls. These steps involve finding and formulating a well‐defined etiological research question, choosing an appropriate study design including a suitable comparison group, adequate modelling, and adequate reporting and interpretation of the results.