bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI SEDIAAN OPAQUE SOAP DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMBAKAU
Authors: Wiyono Andi Eko , Herlina Herlina , Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan , Safitri Mega Desy 
Published: September 2021

Opaque soap is a solid soap product. It was made from a mixture of oil and the addition of alkaline compounds to form a saponification process. Solid soap preparations made with the addition of tobacco extract as an active ingredient that contains nicotine compounds, which include toxic alkaloids are weakly basic. In addition, tobacco extracts chosen to produce products that were beneficial to society. The purpose of this study was to provided wider use of tobacco and to know the characteristic of opaque soap preparations with the addition of tobacco extracts. The research method was a single completely randomized design (CRD) with descriptive analysis. In this study, the formulas of opaque soap were A0 (no addition of tobacco extract), A1 (1.2 g of tobacco extract), A2 (2.4 g of tobacco extract), and A3 (4.8 g of tobacco extract). The observed parameters were chemical and microbiological characteristics. All variations of opaque soaps had a pH of 9.51-9.77, water content of 13.15%-14.35%, free alkali 0.056-0.0584, antibacterial (E. coli inhibition zone proved by clear zone) about 8.60-21.50 mm; and nicotine levels 0-383.67 mg/100g. From the results due to chemical and microbiological characteristics, all of the opaque soap with additional tobacco extract was in accordance with the Indonesian National Standards (SNI 3532-2016) so that soap was safe for use by the public.
Keywords: chemistry, microbiology, soap preparations, tobacco extract
A Range Adjusted Measure of Super-Efficiency in Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs
Authors: Chen Chunhua , Liu Haohua , Tang Lijun , Ren Jianwei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
DEA (data envelopment analysis) models can be divided into two groups: Radial DEA and non-radial DEA, and the latter has higher discriminatory power than the former. The range adjusted measure (RAM) is an effective and widely used non-radial DEA approach. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature on the integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model, especially when undesirable outputs are included. We first propose an integer-valued RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs and then extend this model to an integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs. Compared with other DEA models, the two novel models have many advantages: 1) They are non-oriented and non-radial DEA models, which enable decision makers to simultaneously and non-proportionally improve inputs and outputs; 2) They can handle integer-valued variables and undesirable outputs, so the results obtained are more reliable; 3) The results can be easily obtained as it is based on linear programming; 4) The integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs can be used to accurately rank efficient DMUs. The proposed models are applied to evaluate the efficiency of China’s regional transportation systems (RTSs) considering the number of transport accidents (an undesirable output). The results help decision makers improve the performance of inefficient RTSs and analyze the strengths of efficient RTSs.
Wavelet-Based Elman Neural Network with the Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm for Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rates
Authors: Huang Renquan , Tian Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is challenging to forecast foreign exchange rates due to the non-linear characters of the data. This paper applied a wavelet-based Elman neural network with the modified differential evolution algorithm to forecast foreign exchange rates. Elman neural network has dynamic characters because of the context layer in the structure. It makes Elman neural network suit for time series problems. The main factors, which affect the accuracy of the Elman neural network, included the transfer functions of the hidden layer and the parameters of the neural network. We applied the wavelet function to replace the sigmoid function in the hidden layer of the Elman neural network, and we found there was a “disruption problem” caused by the non-linear performance of the wavelet function. It didn’t improve the performance of the Elman neural network, but made it get worse in reverse. Then, the modified differential evolution algorithm was applied to train the parameters of the Elman neural network. To improve the optimizing performance of the differential evolution algorithm, the crossover probability and crossover factor were modified with adaptive strategies, and the local enhanced operator was added to the algorithm. According to the experiment, the modified algorithm improved the performance of the Elman neural network, and it solved the “disruption problem” of applying the wavelet function. These results show that the performance of the Elman neural network would be improved if both of the wavelet function and the modified differential evolution algorithm were applied integratedly.
Promoting Metro Operation Safety by Exploring Metro Operation Accident Network
Authors: Suo Qi , Wang Liyuan , Yao Tianzi , Wang Zihao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding the causation of accidents is essential to promote metro operation safety. In terms of 243 reported metro operation accident cases in China, a directed weighted network was constructed based on complex network theory, where nodes and directed edges denotes factors and event chains respectively. To reveal the key causal factors, the topological characteristics of metro operation accident network (MOAN) were analyzed from both global and local views. The results show that facility-type factors are more closely related to the occurrence of the accidents from the perspectives of average path length and cascading effects. Accident types like train delay and train suspension are the great risk recipients. Key causal factors with large out-degree, out-strength, betweenness centrality and cluster coefficient, such as communication and signal failure, vehicle failure and piling into the train should be noticed. The research framework proposed in the paper is not only applicable to China’s metro operation system, but also appropriate for other transportation system safety studies.
Magnetic and Restivity Investigation of Geologic Structures in the Basement Complex of Aran-Orin, Kwara-State, Nigeria.
Authors: Fatoye Oluwaseun Victoria , Adeyanju 'Muyiwa Adekunle , Oyanameh O.E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study aims to integrate magnetic and vertical electrical sounding (VES) resistivity methods to determine groundwater prospective in part of Aran-orin Sheet 224. A total of three traverses were established in the study area for the vertical electrical sounding using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. A total of 17 VES points was established using the ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000C model with maximum half-current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 120m. A total of eight traverses were established for the magnetics survey with station intervals of 10 m and inter-profile spacing of 100 m. The magnetic and VES data were qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted using IPI2WIN and OASIS MONTAJ package respectively. The geo-electric sections reveal a maximum of 3-4 layers beneath the sub-surface an overburden thickness ranges from 8.2 m to 64.9 m and the corresponding lithology inferred are topsoil, weathered Rock, fractured basement and fresh basement. The depth to basement using half-width method showed that the depth ranges from 8.4-56.04 m, which corresponds with the electrical survey.
Amelioration of depressive symptoms on Fawn-Hooded rats through the ‘healthy’ fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Hu Bing , Das Promi , Lv Xianglin , Shi Meng , Aa Jiye , Wang Kun , Duan Liping , Gilbert Jack , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with the development of depression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic solution for depression. However, the efficacy of FMT to reduce depression is still unknown. We performed FMT from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (‘healthy’ controls) to Fawn-hooded (FH) rats (depression model). Pre-FMT, the FH rats exhibited significantly elevated depressive behaviors and distinct neurotransmitter and cytokine levels compared with SD rats. Post-FMT, FH recipients receiving SD microbiota showed reduced depressive behaviors, a significant increase in hippocampal neurotransmitters and a significant decrease of some hippocampal cytokines compared to the ones receiving FH microbiota. SD-FMT resulted in the FH recipients’ gut microbiome resembling the SD donor; additionally, FH recipients showed a significant shift in the serum metabolome, but not the hippocampal metabolome. Co-occurrence analysis suggests that SD-FMT ameliorated recipients’ physiochemical features of depression by the metabolic modulation through the enteric nervous system, the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier. Our results provided new data pointing to multiple mechanisms of interaction for the impact of gut microbiome modulation on depression.
Association of Sequence types, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in India isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Comparative Genomics Study
Authors: Sundaresan Abhirami Krishnamoorthy , Vincent Keerthana , Mohan Ganesh Babu Malli , Ramakrishnan Jayapradha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important ESKAPE pathogen that causes sepsis, urinary tract infections, peritonitis, intraabdominal abscesses and upper respiratory infections. The strains exhibiting multidrug resistance and hypervirulence are priority pathogens for which immediate treatment and dissemination prevention strategies are required. The hypervirulent drug resistant K. pneumoniae is associated with high mortality rates. Numbers of environmental strains also have acquired virulence genes. Hence to gain a better understanding of the spread of antimicrobial resistant genes across the country over 10 years and to delineate environmental and clinical K. pneumoniae, a comparative genomics investigation was made. This is the first comparative genomic study using India isolates of K. pneumoniae, which includes publicly available WGS of 144 clinical and 9 environmental strains collected during 2010–2020. The blaCTX-M-15 was widely distributed in clinical isolates since 2013 and increased over time from 5 % to 30 %. The co-existence of blaNDM and blaOXA was observed in 22 % of clinical strains. Diverse serotypes were found among the 153 K. pneumoniae isolates, of which, K51 (28%) and K64 (21.56%) were majorly found. Most of the K51 isolates belong to ST231 (93.02 %). And more than 50% of KL51 strains were found to have both rmpA and magA. The number of associated virulence genes (rmpA, magA, entB, ybtS, iutA, alls,) appeared to be higher in ST231-KL51 and ST23-KL1 isolates. Of greatest concern, these virulence genes are observed in environmental strains aswell. More than 97% of clinical strains have ybtS, iutA genes. Importantly, 98% of ESBL and 62% of carbapenamase isolates harbored ybtS, iutA and rmpA, magA respectively. The IncF conjugative plasmids are predominant in K. pneumoniae, which contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistant and virulence genes. The increasing trend in hypervirulent strains was observed from 2017. The phylogenetic analysis separates the environmental from clinical strains and is characterized by uncommon STs and serotypes. Thus, the study illustrates the K. pneumoniae genomic surveillance in India representing the phylogenetic evolution, STs, AMR, virulence, serotype to provide more attention for immediate treatment and preventing the dissemination of K. pneumoniae.
Plant Microrna Potential in Targeting COVID-19 Genome Offering Efficient Antiviral Mirna-based Therapies
Authors: Hajieghrari Behzad , Rahmanian-Koshkaki Sara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2019, the seventh member of the Coronaviridae named severe acute respiratory coronavirus II (or COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. It could rapidly turn into a global pandemic. Therefore, searching for a natural/ novel therapy is urgently essential to prevent disease distribution. Based on the principle of cross-kingdom interaction, plants are a candidate as a potential source of exogenous miRNAs that can efficiently affect the host cell gene expression by promote target mRNA degradation or repress protein translation, and, or virus RNA translation/replication. The possibility of taking up the diet-derived plant-originated/artificially miRNA(s) in addition to their biological role in the host provides a pivotal clue for the study of synthesized/artificially expressed active therapeutic plant-originated miRNA(s) to promote antiviral activity. In this study, plant miRNAs, which can potentially interact with the COVID-19 genome within the 3’-UTR region and prompt antiviral function, were searched using bioinformatics approaches. RNAHybrid, RNA22, and STarMir miRNA/target detection tools were served for the possible plant miRNA/target recognition on the 3’-UTR flanking region of the COVID-19 genome by different algorithms. The RNAHybrid algorithm resulted in 63 plant miRNAs having hybridization energy with less or equal to -25 kcal/mol. They interact with diverse classes of miRNA/target binding patterns. However, each RNA22 and STarMir tools identified eight probable miRNA/target interaction candidates, in which pvu-miR159a.2 and sbi-miR5387b detected by both the RNA22 and STarMir tools at the same position. For us, they are suitable plant-derived miRNA candidates, which have the great chance of targeting the COVID-19 genome in the 3’-UTR region in vitro to induce the virus degradation and translational repression and for antiviral miRNA-based therapies without any side effects in vivo.
Association of Polymorphisms of the Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases- 1 and -2 with Alzheimer’s Disease in Taiwan
Authors: Ho Wei-Min , Lee Yun-Shien , Chen Chiung-Mei , Wu Yah-Yuan , Hsu Wen-Chuin , Huang Yu-Hua , Chen Yi-Chun 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive and behavioral decline in the aging population. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix. Amyloid beta-42 interrupts the integrity of the neurovascular unit and induces a toxic reaction affecting neurons.

Objective:
This study investigated the relationships among genetic variants of the MMP-2, MMP-9,
TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 genes and AD.

Methods:
Two hundred and thirteen probable AD patients and 315 control participants of the Taiwan
population were recruited for primary investigations, and we used the data of 763 participants
from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), as controls, for validation. Multivariable logistic regression was
performed with adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and alcohol consumption.
The associations between the genotypes and allele frequencies and the SNP-associated
AD hereditary models were analyzed using the SNPassoc package for R. We performed a permutation
test with 1,000 replicates for the empirical estimates.

Results:
A total of 213 probable AD patients and 315 control participants were recruited. The frequency
of the A alleles in rs7503726 (G > A) in TIMP-2 was lower in the AD patients (p < 0.01).
The frequencies of the TIMP-2 rs7503726 G/A and A/A genotypes were also significantly lower in
the AD patients (p = 0.02) than in the controls and TWB. The TIMP-2 rs7503726 AA genotype
was associated with a protective effect of AD in additive and recessive hereditary models (OR =
0.54, 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.92, p = 0.02; OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.92, p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion:
The TIMP-2 rs7503726 AA genotype was inversely correlated with AD susceptibility,
and the presence of minor alleles of rs7503726 (A allele) have protective effects against AD.
Update on Modulators of Quorum Sensing Pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , German Nadezhda A. 
Published: September 2021

:
Modulators of quorum sensing pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) gain attention due to the potential therapeutic applications. These chemical agents are viewed as anti-virulence agents capable of increasing the existing therapeutic agents; efficacy against resistant clinical strains. Additionally, they can be utilized in developing anticancer therapeutics, whole-cell biosensors, and artificial biological systems. In this mini-review, we summarize recent (2020-2021)publications on PA's QS modulation.
The Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Chronic Pain in Rodents: A Mini-
Review
Authors: Xu Ting , Liu Cui-Cui , Xin Wen-Jun 
Published: September 2021

:
Chronic pain is a common distressing neurological disorder and about 30% of the global
population suffers from it. In addition to being highly prevalent, chronic pain causes a heavy economic
and social burden. Although substantial progress has been achieved to dissect the underlying
mechanism of chronic pain in the past few decades, the incidence and treatment of this neurological
illness is yet not properly managed in clinical practice. While nerve injury-, chemotherapy- or
inflammation-induced functional regulation of gene expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal
cord are extensively reported to be involved in the pathogenic process of chronic pain, the specific
mechanism of these altered transcriptional profile still remains unclear. Recent studies have
shown that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone modification and circular
RNAs regulation, are involved in the occurrence and development of chronic pain. In this review,
we provide a description of research on the role of epigenetic mechanism in chronic pain,
summarize the latest clinical and preclinical advance in this field, and propose the potential directions
for further research to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of
chronic pain.
cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I Response in Host Defense and Neuroinflammatory
Diseases
Authors: Chen Kai , Lai Chuan , Su Ying , Bao Wen Dai , Yang Liu Nan , Xu Ping-Ping , Zhu Ling-Qiang 
Published: September 2021

:
The presence of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is a dangerous signal that triggers innate
immune responses by activating cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and
binding to its downstream signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Then the
cGAS-STING pathway activation links nucleic acid-sensing to immune responses and pathogenic
entities clearance. However, the overactivation of this signaling pathway leads to fatal immune disorders
and contributes to the progression of many human inflammatory diseases. Therefore, optimal
activation of this pathway is crucial for the elimination of invading pathogens and the maintenance
of immune homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize its fundamental roles in initiating host
defense against invading pathogens and discuss its pathogenic roles in multiple neuro-inflammatory
diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD),
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials
Authors: Singleton J. Robinson , Foster-Palmer Stormy , Marcus Robin L. 
Published: September 2021

Background:Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative.Objective:The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise.Results:Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence.Conclusion:Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
Newly Synthesized Benzimidazoles Inhibit Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Levels in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Ilhan Suleyman , Dilekci Gamze , Guner Adem , Bektas Hakan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Investigating the effects of newly synthesized agents on various molecular mechanisms to understand their mechanism of action is an important step of pre-clinical screening. Benzimidazoles are composed of a unique fused benzene and imidazole ring and have attracted great attention due to their broad bioactivities, including antitumor.

Objective:
In the current study, we reported the synthesis of novel benzimidazole derivatives and investigated the possible cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects on human prostate cancer and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Methods:
MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. A scratch assay was conducted to monitor the migration of cells. mRNA expression levels of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were evaluated using qPCR. Changes in protein levels were evaluated by western blotting.

Results:
Compound G1, having a chlorine moiety, showed a potent cytotoxic activity on both prostate cancer cells and HUVECs, and inhibited cell migration via decreasing the mRNA and protein levels of key angiogenesis-related molecules such as VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that newly synthesized G1 may be a novel anti-angiogenic agent for prostate cancer treatment.