bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livelihood assets’ influence on Ugandan farmers’ control practices for Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)
Authors: Pagnani Tiziana , Gotor Elisabetta , Kikulwe Enoch , Caracciolo Francesco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of livelihood assets on Ugandan farmers’ decisions to control Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), a disease that has threatened banana production and the livelihoods of Ugandan farmers since 2001. The BXW control strategy is based on the simultaneous implementation of four cultural practices: de-budding, infected plant removal, disinfecting tools, and using clean planting materials. The Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL) framework represents a very useful theoretical architecture for examining the interplay between livelihood systems of rural Ugandan households and the external context. Empirically, this study applies a double-hurdle model with the base assumption that the two adoption decision processes (whether to adopt and the intensity of adoption of the cultural practices) are separate. Results indicate that the vulnerability context and the human, social, natural, and physical capitals are the factors that drive farmers to adopt the identified strategy. Farmers’ decisions about the extent of adoption are instead negatively influenced by natural capital and positively associated with social capital. These findings highlight the importance of supporting the improvement of livelihood assets to enable tailored support to farmers. It is particularly important to support the social and natural capitals that facilitate information exchange and provide critical resources for the adoption of the BXW control strategy.
Continuous diagnostic models for volume deficit in patients with acute diarrhea
Authors: Lee J. Austin , Qu Kexin , Gainey Monique , Kanekar Samika S. , Barry Meagan A. , Nasrin Sabiha , Alam Nur H. , Schmid Christopher H. , Levine Adam C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Episodes of acute diarrhea lead to dehydration, and existing care algorithms base treatment around categorical estimates for fluid resuscitation. This study aims to develop models for the percentage dehydration (fluid deficit) in individuals with acute diarrhea, to better target treatment and avoid the potential sequelae of over or under resuscitation.

Methods
This study utilizes data from two prospective cohort studies of patients with acute diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected on patient arrival, including weight, clinical signs and symptoms, and demographic information. Consecutive weights were obtained to determine the true volume deficit of each patient. Data were entered into two distinct forward stepwise regression logistic models (DHAKA for under 5 years and NIRUDAK for 5 years and over).

Results
A total of 782 patients were included in the final analysis of the DHAKA data set, and 2139 were included in the final analysis of the NIRUDAK data set. The best model for the DHAKA data achieved an R2 of 0.27 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.7 (compared to R2 of 0.06 and RMSE of 5.5 with the World Health Organization child care algorithm) and selected 6 predictors. The best performance model for the NIRUDAK data achieved an R2 of 0.28 and a RMSE of 2.6 (compared to R2 of 0.08 and RMSE of 4.3 with the World Health Organization adolescent/adult care algorithm) and selected 7 predictors with 2 interactions.

Conclusions
These are the first mathematical models for patients with acute diarrhea that allow for the calculation of a patient’s percentage dehydration (fluid deficit) and subsequent targeted treatment with fluid resuscitation. These findings are an improvement on existing World Health Organization care algorithms.
Progression of PTH Resistance in Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib Due to Maternal STX16 Deletions
Authors: Kiuchi Zentaro , Reyes Monica , Hanna Patrick , Sharma Anu , DeClue Terry , Olney Robert C , Tebben Peter , Jüppner Harald 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Maternally inherited STX16 deletions that cause loss of methylation at GNAS exon A/B and thereby reduce Gsα expression are the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (AD-PHP1B). Early identification of these disease-causing variants in the children of affected and unaffected female carriers would prompt treatment with calcium and calcitriol once parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels increase, thereby preventing hypocalcemia and associated complications.

Objective
This study aimed to determine when PTH and calcium abnormalities develop after birth if a STX16 deletion is inherited maternally.

Methods
Forty-four children of affected (n = 7) or unaffected (n = 7) females with a STX16 deletion were investigated for the presence of these variants. If a deletion was identified, measurement of PTH, calcium, phosphate, and thyrotropin (TSH) was advised.

Results
The STX16 deletion that causes AD-PHP1B was identified in 25 children. Pretreatment laboratory results were available for 19 of those cases. Elevated PTH levels were detected by 2 years of age, and these were progressively higher if laboratory testing was first performed after establishing the genetic defect later in life. Total serum calcium levels remained within normal limits until about 5 years of age. TSH levels showed no consistent rise over time.

Conclusion
Establishing whether a STX16 deletion is inherited from a female carrier of a disease-causing variant rapidly establishes the diagnosis of AD-PHP1B. Several years before overt hypocalcemia developed, PTH levels increased, thereby establishing the onset of PTH resistance. Our findings provide diagnostic guidance and when treatment with calcium and calcitriol should be considered in order to prevent hypocalcemia and associated sequelae.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Mandate on Health Insurance Coverage for Individuals in Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Carpenter Christopher S. , Gonzales Gilbert , McKay Tara , Sansone Dario 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA large body of research documents that the 2010 dependent coverage mandate of the U.S. Affordable Care Act was responsible for significantly increasing health insurance coverage among young adults. No prior research has examined whether sexual minority young adults also benefitted from the dependent coverage mandate despite previous studies showing lower health insurance coverage among sexual minorities. Our estimates from the American Community Survey, using difference-in-differences and event study models, show that men in same-sex couples aged 21–25 experienced a significantly greater increase in the likelihood of having any health insurance after 2010 than older, 27- to 31-year-old men in same-sex couples. This increase is concentrated among employer-sponsored insurance, and it is robust to permutations of periods and age groups. Effects for women in same-sex couples and men in different-sex couples are smaller than the associated effects for men in same-sex couples. These findings confirm the broad effects of expanded dependent coverage and suggest that eliminating the federal dependent mandate could reduce health insurance coverage among young adult sexual minorities in same-sex couples.
Sulfide metabolism and the mechanism of torpor
Authors: Jensen Birgitte S. , Fago Angela 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Hibernation is a powerful response of a number of mammalian species to reduce energy during the cold winter season, when food is scarce. Mammalian hibernators survive winter by spending most of the time in a state of torpor, where basal metabolic rate is strongly suppressed and body temperature comes closer to ambient temperature. These torpor bouts are regularly interrupted by short arousals, where metabolic rate and body temperature spontaneously return to normal levels. The mechanisms underlying these changes, and in particular the strong metabolic suppression of torpor, have long remained elusive. As summarized in this Commentary, increasing evidence points to a potential key role for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the suppression of mitochondrial respiration during torpor. The idea that H2S could be involved in hibernation originated in some early studies, where exogenous H2S gas was found to induce a torpor-like state in mice, and despite some controversy, the idea persisted. H2S is a widespread signaling molecule capable of inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in vitro and studies found significant in vivo changes in endogenous H2S metabolites associated with hibernation or torpor. Along with increased expression of H2S-synthesizing enzymes during torpor, H2S degradation catalyzed by the mitochondrial sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) appears to have a key role in controlling H2S availability for inhibiting respiration. Specifically, in thirteen-lined squirrels, SQR is highly expressed and inhibited in torpor, possibly by acetylation, thereby limiting H2S oxidation and causing inhibition of respiration. H2S may also control other aspects associated with hibernation, such as synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and of SQR itself.
Influence of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide on locomotory performance and muscle physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Ding Kui , Zhang Libin , Fan Xinhao , Zhuo Pengji , Feng Qiming , Zhang Shuangyan , Guo Xueying , Liu Xiang 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Neuropeptides in the SALMFamide family serve as muscle relaxants in echinoderms and may affect locomotion, as the motor behavior in sea cucumbers involves alternating contraction and extension of the body wall, which is under the control of longitudinal muscle. We evaluated the effect of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide (LSA) on locomotory performance of Apostichopus japonicus. We also investigated the metabolites of longitudinal muscle tissue using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to assess the potential physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of LSA. The hourly distance, cumulative duration and number of steps moved significantly increased in sea cucumbers in the fourth hour after injection with LSA. Also, the treatment enhanced the mean and maximum velocity by 9.8% and 17.8%, respectively, and increased the average stride by 12.4%. Levels of 27 metabolites in longitudinal muscle changed after LSA administration, and the increased concentration of pantothenic acid, arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and the altered phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio are potential physiological mechanisms that could explain the observed effect of LSA on locomotor behavior in A. japonicus.
Allometry in desert ant locomotion (Cataglyphis albicans and Cataglyphis bicolor) – does body size matter?
Authors: Tross Johanna , Wolf Harald , Pfeffer Sarah Elisabeth 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Desert ants show a large range of adaptations to their habitats. They can reach extremely high running speeds, for example, to shorten heat stress during foraging trips. It has recently been examined how fast walking speeds are achieved in different desert ant species. It is intriguing in this context that some species exhibit distinct intraspecific size differences. We therefore performed a complete locomotion analysis over the entire size spectrum of the species Cataglyphis bicolor, and we compared this intraspecific dataset with that of the allometrically similar species Cataglyphis albicans. Emphasis was on the allometry of locomotion: we considered the body size of each animal and analysed the data in terms of relative walking speed. Body size was observed to affect walking parameters, gait patterns and phase relationships in terms of absolute walking speed. Unexpectedly, on a relative scale, all ants tended to show the same overall locomotion strategy at low walking speeds, and significant differences occurred only between C. albicans and C. bicolor at high walking speeds. Our analysis revealed that C. bicolor ants use the same overall strategy across all body sizes, with small ants reaching the highest walking speeds (up to 80 body lengths s−1) by increasing their stride length and incorporating aerial phases. By comparison, C. albicans reached high walking speeds mainly by a high synchrony of leg movement, lower swing phase duration and higher stride frequency ranging up to 40 Hz.
Kas elliptiline (nimisõnata) kaassõnafraas on olemas?
Authors: Veismann Ann 
Published: September 2021

Kokkuvõte. Sõnaliigiliselt on kaassõnade ja määrsõnade klass võrdlemisi erinevad. Kaassõnu on keeles suhteliselt väike ja piiratud hulk, neid tekib aja jooksul küll juurde, kuid kaassõnaks grammatiseerumine muudest sõnaliikidest on pikem protsess. Kaassõna defineerivaks omaduseks on esinemine alati koos nimisõna(fraasi)ga, mille käände kaassõna määrab. Määrsõnade klass seevastu on suur ja heterogeenne, määrsõnu saab hõlpsasti juurde tuletada tuletusliidete abil. Ometi ühendab kaas- ja määrsõnu see, et suur osa kaassõnu võib esineda samas tähenduses ka määrsõnana. Artiklis on uurimise all sõnad, mis võivad esineda nii kaassõna kui ka määrsõnana, säilitades seejuures sama funktsiooni. Kolme sõna (asemele, peale ja läbi) näitel on fookuses kontiinum kaassõna ja määrsõna (ja abimäärsõna) vahel, kus kaassõnafraasi obligatoorseks osaks olev nimisõna(fraas) võib olla kadunud, kuid sisuliselt vähem või rohkem hõlpsasti juurde mõeldav. Selline kontiinum kaassõna, määrsõna ja ühendverbi vahel peegeldab keele paindlikkust ja kõneleja valikuvõimalusi väljenduda võimalikult täpselt vastavalt suhtluseesmärgile.
Abstract. Ann Veismann: Can we speak about adpositional phrases without complements? The aim of the present study is to examine the continuum between adpositions and adverbs in Estonian. The paper focuses on three words that can be used with the same meaning either as adpositions or as adverbs: asemele ‘instead of [allative case]’, peale ‘onto’ and läbi ‘through’. Data for the study was collected from the Estonian National Corpus 2019 via Sketch Engine. Adpositional phrases without a complement encompass the following possibilities: a) a complement noun is mentioned in the same or the previous sentence; b) a complement noun has occurred somewhere in the foregoing text; c) a suitable complement noun can be established from general knowledge about the world; d) phrases with a quasi-complement, e.g. with a noun that could be a complement even though it is not in complement case (genitive) but in a local case (elative or allative); e) phrases with a demonstrative pro-adverb which refers to the place of the complement entity. The study also discusses verb-particle combinations with the same adverbs. Verb-particle combinations with asemele are more typical combinations than those with peale and läbi which usually form more idiomatic phrasal verbs. One implication of this study is that the continuum between the adposition and adverb reveals the linguistic flexibility which enables language users the possibility of expressing themselves exactly according to the needs of the communication situation.
A Way Through the Global Techno-Scientific Culture, Sheldon Richmond (2020)
Authors: Rose Ellen 
Published: September 2021

Review of: A Way Through the Global Techno-Scientific Culture, Sheldon Richmond (2020)
Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 197 pp.,
ISBN13: 978-1-52754-626-4, h/bk, £61.99, Kindle, $9.99
Mandatory Minimum Reforms, Sentencing, and Racial-Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Craigie Terry-Ann , Zapryanova Mariyana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the last 20 years, numerous states and the federal government enacted mandatory minimum reforms, especially for drug offenses. Yet little is known about how effective these reforms have been at the state-level in lowering drug sentences. Using quasi-experimental methods and administrative data, this study evaluates the impact of state-level mandatory minimum reforms on drug sentences and their concomitant racial-ethnic disparities. We find that state-level mandatory minimum reforms do not lower drug sentences in general or change racial-ethnic disparities statistically significantly. These findings suggest that the profound racial-ethnic bias sparked by state-level mandatory minimums are not fully ameliorated by subsequent state-level reforms.
Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
Authors: Li Shan , Zhang Lihai , Li Shuhua , Zhao Hengyi , Chen Yonggang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Curcumin has been demonstrated to be an anti-tumor agent in many types of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin performs its anti-tumor effects remain elusive. circ_0056618 and miR-194-5p are reported to be involved in GC progression, but their relationships with curcumin are unclear. In this study, circ_0056618 was elevated, and miR-194-5p was reduced in GC tissues and cells. Curcumin treatment led to a decrease in circ_0056618 level in GC cells. Overexpression of circ_0056618 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in curcumin-treated GC cells. Moreover, miR-194-5p was identified as the target of circ_0056618, and its expression in GC cells increased after curcumin treatment. Overexpression of miR-194-5p reversed the promotional effect of circ_0056618 on cell progression in curcumin-treated GC cells. Additionally, curcumin treatment repressed the tumorigenesis of GC in vivo through regulating circ_0056618. Curcumin treatment delayed the development of GC partly through decreasing circ_0056618 and increasing miR-194-5p.
Peredur and the Problem of Inappropriate Questions
Authors: Petrovskaia Natalia I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article reopens the question of the relationship between the medieval Welsh version of the Grail narrative, the Historia Peredur vab Efrawc, and the French Conte du Graal of Chrétien de Troyes. It explores the seeming inconsistencies in the Welsh tale’s presentation of the Grail procession, and suggests that the hero’s actions, and in particular his reticence in asking questions about the procession, should be read in the context of medieval Welsh customs and legal tradition. The article concludes with an exploration of the implications of the proposed interpretation for the reading of Historia Peredur as a postcolonial narrative.
Knight Fever: Sickness, masculinity and narrative absence in the Mort Artu, Béroul’s Tristan and Thomas of Britain’s Tristan
Authors: Bateman Mary 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ideal knight protagonist of high medieval romance should be capable of engaging actively in chivalric activities, whether martial or amatory. What happens, then, when knight protagonists fall ill? Illness presents a problem: the knight loses his ability to act and is no longer in control of his own body. This article examines the fates of knights who fall ill in three Arthurian romances of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries: the Mort Artu, Thomas of Britain’s Tristan and Béroul’s Tristan. Illness has a marked effect on the presence of knights, both narratologically and to other characters in the text. When knights fall ill, they are temporarily excised from the narrative until their ability to be active is restored. An exception to this illness-absence paradigm occurs when the heroes of romance feign illness: at such junctures, these men are still exemplifying the agency and resourcefulness required of an effective hero, and the narrative maintains its focus on them at these moments regardless of how other characters might be treating them.
Research on materials of solar selective absorption coating based on the first principle
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Zhou Junjie , Fu Weidong , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the first principle, this paper studies the optical properties of Ni, Mo, CoO, and Cr2O3 according to the Materials Studio software. It is found that the absorptivity of Ni is low, while Ni has low emissivity. Hence, it can be used to reduce emissivity. The absorption rate of CoO is very high. Therefore, Ni and CoO are very suitable to be composed to make a solar selective absorption coating with high absorptivity and low emissivity. The mass ratio of Ni and CoO has a greater impact on the optical properties of the composite material, so the absorption–emission ratios of the composite material Ni–CoO at different mass ratios are calculated. The absorption–emission ratio is the highest when the mass ratio is 1:1, and the performance is the best, which is in good agreement with the result of the experiment. And we hope that our method will provide some help for the study of solar selective absorption composite coatings.
“And it rushed in”: A new proposal for interpreting GJudas 57,24
Authors: Edsall Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present argument proposes a new interpretation for GJudas 57,24, a famously difficult passage in which someone enters a luminous cloud. While scholarship is divided over whether the phrase ⲁϥϥⲱⲕ applies to Judas or Jesus, there is a previously overlooked third option that is syntactically close to hand: it is Judas’s star. This translation, further, fits with important themes in the Gospel of Judas, both theological and narratological.
Use of phenolic compounds from cocoa pod-husks (Theobroma cacao L.) as inhibitors of Salmonella spp. in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Santacruz Stalin , Medrano Pablo 
Published: September 2021

Cocoa pod-husk is a by-product of cocoa processing, underutilized despite its phenolic compounds that can be an alternative to preserve the microbiological quality of food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds from the cocoa pod-husk against Salmonella spp, which is commonly found in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador; as well as the effect on the sensory characteristics of cheese after immersion in a solution of phenolic compounds. In vitro microbiological analyzes of the inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds, showed that the concentrations 1 and 1.5% had the highest zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp., with mean diameters of 10.67 and 11.8 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the growth curve of Salmonella spp. indicated that 2 h were required for complete inhibition of bacteria by phenolic compounds at concentrations of 1 and 1.5%. For the sensory analyzes of cheese treated with phenolic compounds, 56.3% of the panelists accredited the firmness and odor with “I like it”, while 37.5% of the panelists qualified the color of the cheese with “I neither like nor dislike”. Firmness and odor had higher values of acceptance than color. For 25 and 12.5% of the panelists, firmness and odor were rated as “I like it a lot”, respectively, and 56.3% of the panelists conferred the label of “I like it” to both attributes. Cheese color was the lowest rated attribute, given that 12.5% of the panelists chose “I like it a lot” and 25% for “I like it”.
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , H. Baqui Abdullah , Benfield Thomas , Bosurgi Raffaella , Godlee Fiona , Hancocks Stephen , Horton Richard , Laurie Laybourn-Langton Laurie , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Norman Ian , Patrick Kirsten , Praities Nigel , Olde Rikkert Marcel , Rubin Eric J. , Sahni Peush , Smith Richard , J Talley Nicholas , Turale Sue , Vázquez Damián 
Published: September 2021

The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health.
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