bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed electric field sensing using fibre optics in borehole environments
Authors: Alumbaugh David L. , Um Evan Schankee , Hoversten G. Michael , Key Kerry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, rapid advances in distributed optical fibre sensing technologies have made it possible to record various geophysical data (e.g. strain, temperature and pressure) continuously in both time and space along the fibre, providing an unprecedented quantity and spatial density of data compared to traditional geophysical measurements as well as reducing data acquisition cost. To date, no distributed fibre‐based electromagnetic field sensing system has been implemented although electromagnetic sensing could have a broad range of applications to geophysical imaging and monitoring in borehole environments. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical feasibility study regarding the design and use of an electromagnetic sensing optical fibre for geophysical applications. First, we present the sensitivity analysis of a ‘hypothetical’ optical fibre coated with polyvinylidene fluoride, a polymer that provides relatively high piezoelectric properties, yet unlike ceramics, is flexible. Using a two‐dimensional electromagnetic modelling algorithm, we simulate the earth electric‐field‐to‐fibre‐strain transfer function and estimate the theoretical sensitivity of the optical fibre to electric fields. Given the state‐of‐the‐art distributed acoustic sensing strain sensitivities in the picometres strain range, our numerical modelling analysis suggests that a perfectly coupled polyvinylidene fluoride–coated optical fibre can measure electric field values in the mV/m to V/m amplitude range. We then apply a cylindrically symmetric modelling algorithm to simulate numerical models demonstrating the applicability of such a fibre in an oilfield environment. Scenarios investigated employ an electric field source and suggest that the measurements can be used to distinguish the oil versus water ratio with a fibre mounted inside a producing steel cased oil well as well as distinguishing between brine and hydrocarbon filled reservoir zones with a fibre located outside of the casing.
Spatiotemporal activity of the pine marten Martes martes: Insights from an island population
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Fedele Ettore , Greco Ilaria , Giampaoli Rustichelli Margherita , Massolo Alessandro , Miniati Silvia , Puppo Francesca , Santini Giacomo , Zaccaroni Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBehavioral interference and interspecific competition shape the spatiotemporal behavior of carnivores, where intra‐guild predation has been recorded as a strategy to limit competition. Very often, disentangling the effect of intra‐guild effects from other ecological processes is challenging, if not impossible. This work aimed to assess the spatiotemporal behavior of the pine marten Martes martes in an island ecosystem without any intra‐guild predation. Using an intensive camera‐trap survey on Elba Island, Italy, we estimated occupancy, detection probability, and locomotor rhythms of the species. The pine marten occurred throughout the study area, showing a tendency to avoid urban areas during the high tourist season. Occupancy was higher in colder months and lowered in autumn, following opposite fluctuations of recorded human presence. Conversely, the detection probability remained low throughout the year, confirming the pine marten elusiveness. With other studies conducted in sympatry with other carnivores or predators, Elba Island martens showed locomotor ground activity mostly at dawn and dusk throughout the year, with an increasing diurnal locomotor activity in spring, when cubs are present. The spatiotemporal behavior of the pine marten in Elba island did show little variation across seasons. It was similar to those reported where potential predators were present, suggesting the intra‐guild predation not playing a significant role in shaping the spatiotemporal activity of pine martens.
Effect of environmental policies on exports from sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Noubissi Edmond , Poumie Boker , Nkengfack Hilaire 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work was to analyse the effects of environmental quality and environmental regulations on the exports of sub‐Saharan African countries. Adopting the pollution haven hypothesis as a theoretical framework, we use a gravity model enriched by environmental variables. Our main results indicate that it is the environmental quality of sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, as measured by the Environmental Performance Index, and the differences in environmental quality between a country and its partner that constitute a barrier to SSA exports. It therefore appears important for SSA countries to integrate the environmental factor into their policies to improve the competitiveness of their exports.
Loss of glucocorticoid rhythm induces an osteoporotic phenotype in female mice
Authors: Schilperoort Maaike , Kroon Jan , Kooijman Sander , Smit Annelies E. , Gentenaar Max , Mletzko Kathrin , Schmidt Felix N. , van Ruijven Leo , Busse Björn , Pereira Alberto M. , Appelman‐Dijkstra Natasha M. , Bravenboer Nathalie , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Meijer Onno C. , Winter Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoid (GC)‐induced osteoporosis is a widespread health problem that is accompanied with increased fracture risk. Detrimental effects of anti‐inflammatory GC therapy on bone have been ascribed to the excess in GC exposure, but it is unknown whether there is also a role for disruption of the endogenous GC rhythm that is inherent to GC therapy. To investigate this, we implanted female C57Bl/6J mice with slow‐release corticosterone (CORT) pellets to blunt the rhythm in CORT levels without inducing hypercortisolism. Flattening of CORT rhythm reduced cortical and trabecular bone volume and thickness, whilst bone structure was maintained in mice injected with supraphysiologic CORT at the time of their endogenous GC peak. Mechanistically, mice with a flattened CORT rhythm showed disrupted circadian gene expression patterns in bone, along with changes in circulating bone turnover markers indicative of a negative balance in bone remodelling. Indeed, double calcein labelling of bonein vivorevealed a reduced bone formation in mice with a flattened CORT rhythm. Collectively, these perturbations in bone turnover and structure decreased bone strength and stiffness, as determined by mechanical testing. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that flattening of the GC rhythm disrupts the circadian clock in bone and results in an osteoporotic phenotype in mice. Our findings indicate that at least part of the fracture risk associated with GC therapy may be the consequence of a disturbed GC rhythm, rather than excess GC exposure alone, and that a dampened GC rhythm may contribute to the age‐related risk of osteoporosis.
Reduced innate lymphoid cells in the endometrium of women with endometriosis
Authors: Sugahara Takuya , Tanaka Yukiko , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fujii Maya , Shimura Koki , Ogawa Kanae , Mori Taisuke , Kusuki Izumi , Fukui Michiaki , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProblemInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a recently discovered family of innate immune cells, are responsible for the early immune response, and control both innate and adapted immune system via cytokine secretion. The role of ILCs in endometriosis has not been investigated; therefore, here, we aimed to investigate how the proportion of ILCs changes in endometriosis.Method of studyThe percentage of each ILC group in CD45+ cells was examined in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, endometrium, and ovarian endometrioma obtained from women with and without endometriosis (ERB‐C‐1216) using flow cytometry.ResultsSpecimens were obtained from 19 women with endometriosis and 15 without endometriosis. In the endometrium, patients with endometriosis had lower proportion of ILC2 and 3 compared to control specimens (ILC2: .02±.01% vs .07±.03%; P < .05, ILC3: .31±.14% vs 1.10±.93%; P < .05). There was no significant change in the peripheral blood or the peritoneal fluid between the two groups. Additionally, ovarian endometrioma increased the proportion of ILCs (ILC1: .92±1.12%, ILC2: .08±.08%, ILC3: .70±.39%) compared to the endometrium samples of patients with endometriosis each with P < .05. Immunohistochemistry of IL‐1β and IL‐23, which are ILC3‐inducing factors, showed no significant change in the H‐score of the epithelium of the two groups, but a significant increase was found in ovarian endometrioma.ConclusionThe proportion of ILC2 and 3 was reduced in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis, and ILCs were increased in ovarian endometrioma. Our findings may indicate a new immunological approach to understand the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
Emollients in infancy to prevent atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhong Youjia , Samuel Miny , van Bever Hugo , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have evaluated prophylactic emollients as a preventive strategy against atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). We aimed to synthesize the evidence on efficacy and safety of prophylactic emollients started during the first 6 weeks of infancy for prevention of AD and FA.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and July 2020, which assessed the effects of prophylactic emollients initiated within the first 6 weeks of life on the development of AD within 24 months of age, compared to no treatment. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and GRADE process, respectively.ResultsOf the 1486 articles identified, 10 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. In infants given emollients, there was no significant reduction on the development of AD (risk ratio (RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64, 1.10) compared to the control group. However, there was significant benefit of prophylactic emollients (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–1.11) in the high‐risk population (n = 8 studies). There was also significant benefit (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43, 0.81) in studies (n = 6) where emollients were used continuously to the point of AD assessment; but not when treatment was ceased for an interval before AD assessment. There were no protective effects on FA found.ConclusionThe prophylactic application of emollients initiated in early infancy may prevent AD, especially in high‐risk populations and when used continuously. We hypothesize that emollients may delay rather than prevent AD.
Randomised clinical trial: 48 weeks of treatment with tenofovir amibufenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Jin Qinglong , Zhang Yuexin , Gong Guozhong , Wu Guicheng , Yao Lvfeng , Wen Xiaofeng , Gao Zhiliang , Huang Yan , Yang Daokun , Chen Enqiang , Mao Qing , Lin Shide , Shang Jia , Gong Huanyu , Zhong Lihua , Yin Huafa , Wang Fengmei , Hu Peng , Xiao Ling , Li Chuan , Wu Qiong , Sun Chang’an , Niu Junqi , Hou Jinlin ,   the TMF Study Group
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundTenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) can provide more efficient delivery than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of TMF and TDF for 48 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsWe performed a randomised, double‐blind, non‐inferiority study at 49 sites in China. Patients with CHB were assigned (2:1) to receive either 25 mg TMF or 300 mg TDF with matching placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA less than 20 IU/mL at week 48. We also assessed safety, particularly bone, renal and metabolic abnormalities.ResultsWe randomised 1002 eligible patients. The baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. After a median 48 weeks of treatment, the non‐inferiority criterion was met in all analysis sets. In the HBeAg‐positive population, 50.2% of patients receiving TMF and 53.7% receiving TDF achieved HBV DNA less than 20 IU/mL. In the HBeAg‐negative population, 88.9% and 87.8%, respectively, achieved HBV DNA less than 20 IU/mL in the TMF and TDF groups. Patients receiving TMF had significantly less decrease in bone mineral density at both hip (P < 0.001) and spine (P < 0.001), and a smaller increase in serum creatinine at week 48 (P < 0.05). Other safety results were similar between groups.ConclusionTMF was non‐inferior to TDF in terms of anti‐HBV efficacy and showed better bone and renal safety. (NCT03903796).
Earlier corticosteroid use for adverse event management in patients receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel for large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Topp Max S. , van Meerten Tom , Houot Roch , Minnema Monique C. , Bouabdallah Krimo , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Thieblemont Catherine , Wermke Martin , Song Kevin W. , Avivi Irit , Kuruvilla John , Dührsen Ulrich , Zheng Yan , Vardhanabhuti Saran , Dong Jinghui , Bot Adrian , Rossi John M. , Plaks Vicki , Sherman Marika , Kim Jenny J. , Kerber Anne , Kersten Marie José 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAxicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) is an autologous anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy approved for relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL). To reduce axi‐cel–related toxicity, several exploratory safety management cohorts were added to ZUMA‐1 (NCT02348216), the pivotal phase 1/2 study of axi‐cel in refractory LBCL. Cohort 4 evaluated the rates and severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic events (NEs) with earlier corticosteroid and tocilizumab use. Primary endpoints were incidence and severity of CRS and NEs. Patients received 2 × 106 anti‐CD19 CAR T cells/kg after conditioning chemotherapy. Forty‐one patients received axi‐cel. Incidences of any‐grade CRS and NEs were 93% and 61%, respectively (grade ≥ 3, 2% and 17%). There was no grade 4 or 5 CRS or NE. Despite earlier dosing, the cumulative cortisone‐equivalent corticosteroid dose in patients requiring corticosteroid therapy was lower than that reported in the pivotal ZUMA‐1 cohorts. With a median follow‐up of 14·8 months, objective and complete response rates were 73% and 51%, respectively, and 51% of treated patients were in ongoing response. Earlier and measured use of corticosteroids and/or tocilizumab has the potential to reduce the incidence of grade ≥ 3 CRS and NEs in patients with R/R LBCL receiving axi‐cel.
Characteristics of RAS pathway mutations in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia: a single‐institution study from Korea
Authors: Kim Hoon Seok , Lee Jae Wook , Kang Dain , Yu Haein , Kim Yeojae , Kang Hyunhye , Lee Jong‐Mi , Ahn Ari , Cho Bin , Kim Seongkoo , Chung Nack‐Gyun , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Myungshin 
Published: September 2021

SummaryJuvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML), a rare clonal haematopoietic disorder of childhood, is characterised as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm. Despite ground‐breaking genetic discoveries, JMML remains difficult to diagnose given its diverse clinical features and disease course. A total of 24 patients with JMML were diagnosed and treated at a single institution, and their genetic profiles and association with clinical and laboratory characteristics were analysed. In all, 22 of the patients received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation after myeloablative conditioning, mostly from a haploidentical family donor. RAS pathway mutations were identified in 88% of patients: PTPN11 [nine (38%)], NRAS [nine (38%)], KRAS [two (8%)], NF1 [five (21%)] and CBL [one (4%)]. Secondary mutations were found in 25% of patients: SETBP1, JAK3, ASXL1, GATA2, KIT, KDM6A, and BCOR. Six patients showed cytogenetic abnormalities, including three with monosomy 7. The estimated 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (± standard error) of the entire cohort were 58·9 (10·9)% and 73·5 (10·8)% respectively. NRAS (+) patients had a higher 5‐year EFS than NRAS (−) patients [72·9 (16·5)% vs. 52·5 (13·1)%, P = 0·127]. NRAS (+) patients had a better 5‐year EFS than PTPN11 (+) patients [41·7 (17·3)%, P = 0·071]. Our study revealed the genetic characteristics of Korean JMML patients with RAS pathway and secondary mutations.
Development and pilot testing of a conversation aid to support the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Singh Ospina Naykky M. , Bagautdinova Diliara , Hargraves Ian , Barb Diana , Subbarayan Sreevidya , Srihari Ashok , Wang Shu , Maraka Spyridoula , Bylund Carma L. , Treise Debbie , Montori Victor , Brito Juan P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo support patient‐centred care and the collaboration of patients and clinicians, we developed and pilot tested a conversation aid for patients with thyroid nodules.Design, Patient and MeasurementsWe developed a web‐based Thyroid NOdule Conversation aid (TNOC) following a human‐centred design. A proof of concept observational pre–post study was conducted (TNOC vs. usual care [UC]) to assess the impact of TNOC on the quality of conversations. Data sources included recordings of clinical visits, post‐encounter surveys and review of electronic health records. Summary statistics and group comparisons are reported.ResultsSixty‐five patients were analysed (32 in the UC and 33 in the TNOC cohort). Most patients were women (89%) with a median age of 57 years and were incidentally found to have a thyroid nodule (62%). Most thyroid nodules were at low risk for thyroid cancer (71%) and the median size was 1.4 cm. At baseline, the groups were similar except for higher numeracy in the TNOC cohort. The use of TNOC was associated with increased involvement of patients in the decision‐making process, clinician satisfaction and discussion of relevant topics for decision making. In addition, decreased decisional conflict and fewer thyroid biopsies as the next management step were noted in the TNOC cohort. No differences in terms of knowledge transfer, length of consultation, thyroid cancer risk perception or concern for thyroid cancer diagnosis were found.ConclusionIn this pilot observational study, using TNOC in clinical practice was feasible and seemed to help the collaboration of patients and clinicians.
The Poetics of Grievance: Taxi Drivers, Vernacular Placenames, and the Paradoxes of Post‐Coloniality in Oran, Algeria☆
Authors: Love Stephanie V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Mediterranean port city of Oran, this article examines why Algerians, after nearly sixty years of independence, continue to use French colonial‐era placenames instead of the post‐colonial names commemorating the martyrs of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). I argue that vernacular place‐naming, including the use of colonial‐era names, should be understood as a component of what I call the “poetics of grievance,” whereby city dwellers simultaneously draw attention to linguistic and physical urban forms to express dissatisfaction with their post‐colonial authoritarian state. By examining local taxi drivers’ detailed knowledge of vernacular placenames and the everyday talk that often accompanies them, this article demonstrates how the colonial past can become a powerful poetic resource for city dwellers, serving as a means to conceptualize the potential for grief and rage to bring about revolutionary change in post‐colonial cities.
Influence of theCOVID‐19 pandemic on amphibian road mortality
Authors: LeClair Gregory , Chatfield Matthew W. H. , Wood Zachary , Parmelee Jeffrey , Frederick Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its related human activity shutdowns provide unique opportunities for biodiversity monitoring through what has been termed the “anthropause” or the “great human confinement experiment.” The pandemic caused immense disruption to human activity in the northeastern United States in the spring of 2020, with notable reductions in traffic levels. These shutdowns coincided with the seasonal migration of adult amphibians, which are typically subject to intense vehicle‐impact mortality. Using data collected as part of an annual community science monitoring program in Maine from 2018 to 2021, we examined how amphibian mortality probabilities responded to reductions in traffic during the pandemic. While we detected a 50% decline for all amphibians, this was driven entirely by reductions in frog mortality. Wildlife collision data from the Maine Department of Transportation on other wildlife species support our finding of drastic declines in wildlife road mortality in spring 2020 when compared with immediately previous and subsequent years. Additionally, we find that frogs suffer significantly higher road mortality than salamanders, particularly when conditions are warmer and wetter.
Bilateral lung transplantation for Castleman disease with end‐stage bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Yue Bingqing , Huang Jian , Jing Lei , Yu Huaqing , Wei Dong , Zhang Ji , Chen Wenhui , Chen Jingyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a severe complication of Castleman disease (CD), a rare lymphoproliferative disease with unclear pathogenesis. Currently, there are no reports on the safety or outcomes of bilateral lung transplantation in patients with BO due to CD. This study aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations and features of BO and CD. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of six consecutive patients with BO and CD who underwent bilateral lung transplantation between December 2012 and December 2020. The average age of patients at lung transplantation was 33 ± 15 years, and the age range of patients at diagnosis of CD was about 9–56 years. The body mass index was 15.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2. The average time from diagnosis to lung transplantation was 4.1 ± 2.7 years. All the patients had unicentric CD (UCD); five had concomitant paraneoplastic pemphigus, and four received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during surgery. The average hospital stay was 51 ± 53 days. Infection was the most common postoperative complication. CD did not recur in any of the patients. Thus, bilateral lung transplantation is a viable and safe treatment for selected patients with CD and BO, which can improve the quality of life and prolong survival.
Utilising data linkage to describe and explore mortality among a retrospective cohort of individuals admitted to residential substance use treatment
Authors: Tisdale Calvert , de Andrade Dominique , Leung Janni , Chiu Vivian , Hides Leanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with moderate to severe substance use disorders may seek residential treatment, but outcomes after discharge for this hard‐to‐reach population are often unknown. Using linked data, we examined mortality outcomes among individuals after residential treatment.MethodsWe included 1056 individuals admitted to three residential treatment facilities across Queensland, Australia, from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Records were linked to Queensland death registration data and cause of death records from the Australian Coordinating Registry (1 January‐31 December 2018). Standard mortality ratios were assessed, comparing participants to the Queensland, Australia, general population. Causes of death and years of potential life lost (YPLL) were examined.ResultsThirty‐six participants died (3.4%) in 3408 years of follow‐up data. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted standard mortality ratios were 3.96 (95% confidence interval: 2.78, 5.48) overall, 8.19 (3.74, 15.55) in females and 3.38 (2.23, 4.92) in males. Two‐thirds of deaths were due to suicide/overdose. There was an average of 45.50 YPLL (SD 9.16).Discussion and ConclusionsThis study used linked data to quantify mortality following residential substance use treatment. The YPLL and avoidable nature of deaths highlight the need for continuing care following discharge from residential services.