bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life under lockdown and social restrictions - the experiences of people living with dementia and their carers during the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Tuijt Remco , Frost Rachael , Wilcock Jane , Robinson Louise , Manthorpe Jill , Rait Greta , Walters Kate 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on people living with dementia and their carers is an emerging focus of recent research determining how we can best support this population. People living with dementia have faced service curtailment, increased risk for COVID-19, as well as potential heightened deterioration. This study reports the experiences of people living with dementia and their family carers during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and the impact on them.

Methods
We recruited and remotely interviewed 30 people living with dementia in their own homes and 31 family carers, via video or telephone call in mid-2020. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
People living with dementia often had a basic understanding of COVID-19 restrictions but could have difficulty translating this into personalised risk-appraisal of their own actions. Managing COVID-19 risks facing people living with dementia at home was largely done by family carers, exemplified by changes to living arrangements, which could strain or sustain caring relationships. Well-established familial caring relationships contributed to the wellbeing of the person living with dementia and their carer, as well as keeping to simple routines that included leaving the home for exercise and stimulation. People living with dementia reported some negative psychological and cognitive effects due to the imposed restrictions, such as increased apathy, irritability, or anxiety, which were fuelled by lack of social engagement.

Conclusions
Structuring routine (remote) social interactions where possible could increase social engagement and improve wellbeing for people living with dementia, especially those with limited familial support in a post-COVID-19 context. As some care relationships had been restructured to manage COVID-19 risks, additional carer strain may emerge as a result of the impact on the independence of the person living with dementia and come to the attention of professionals in health and care services. People living with dementia and their carers highlighted the importance of maintaining or adapting routines which may be useful learning for professionals, although additional support may be necessary for those who are impacted by more severe or worsening symptoms of dementia.
Potential prognostic factors in progression-free survival for patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Chen Hui-Hui , Meng Wei-Yu , Li Run-Ze , Wang Qing-Yi , Wang Yu-Wei , Pan Hu-Dan , Yan Pei-Yu , Wu Qi-Biao , Liu Liang , Yao Xiao-Jun , Kang Min , Leung Elaine Lai-Han 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of clinical and potential prognostic factors in progression-free survival (PFS) in cervical cancer.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study on 92 cervical cancer patients treated from 2017 to 2019 at the Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Tumor characteristics, treatment options, progression-free survival and follow-up information were collected. Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess the PFS.

Results
Results showed that the number of retrieved lymph nodes had a statistically significant effect on PFS of cervical cancer patients (P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with initial symptoms age 25–39 had worse survival prognoses (P = 0.020). And the using of uterine manipulator in laparoscopic treatment showed a better prognosis (P < 0.001). A novel discovery of our study was to verify the prognostic values of retrieved lymph nodes count combining with FIGO staging system, which had never been investigated in cervical cancer before. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, significant improvements were found after the combination of retrieved lymph nodes count and FIGO stage in predicting PFS for cervical cancer patients (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.689–0.962).

Conclusion
Number of retrieved lymph nodes, initial symptoms age, uterine manipulator, and retrieved lymph nodes count combining with FIGO staging system could be potential prognostic factors for cervical cancer patients.
Identification of an immune classification for cervical cancer and integrative analysis of multiomics data
Authors: Lyu Xintong , Li Guang , Qiao Qiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To understand the molecular mechanisms of the antitumour response, we analysed the immune landscape of cervical cancer to identify novel immune molecular classes.

Methods
We established a stable immune molecular classification using a nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm and validated the correlation in two validation sets of 249 samples.

Results
Approximately 78% of cervical cancers (CCs) (228/293) were identified to show significant enrichment in immune cells (e.g., CD8 T cells and macrophages), a type I IFN response, enhanced cytolytic activity and high PDCD1, and these CCs were referred to as the “immune class”. We further identified two subtypes of the immune class: active immune and exhausted subtypes. Although the active immune subtype was characterized by enrichment of IFN signatures and better survival, the exhausted subtype expressed activated stroma, a wound healing signature, enhanced M2 macrophages and absence of CD8 T cells and the TGF-β response signature. Integrative analysis of multiomics data identified EGFR, JUN, MYC, FN1 and SERPINE1 as key modulators of the tumour immune microenvironment and potential targets for combination therapies which was validated in two validation sets.

Conclusions
Our study introduces a novel immune classification that might predict ideal candidates to receive immunotherapy or specific combination therapies.
Genetic and immunologic findings in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with systemic inflammation
Authors: Girardelli Martina , Valencic Erica , Moressa Valentina , Margagliotta Roberta , Tesser Alessandra , Pastore Serena , Spadola Ottavia , Athanasakis Emmanouil , Severini Giovanni Maria , Taddio Andrea , Tommasini Alberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis with systemic signs of inflammation can be encountered in inflammatory bowel disease, Behçet’s disease (BD), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In addition, it has been proposed that cases with very early onset in childhood can be underpinned by rare monogenic defects of immunity, which may require targeted treatments. Thus, subjects with early onset recurrent aphthous stomatitis receiving a clinical diagnosis of BD-like or SLE-like disease may deserve a further diagnostic workout, including immunologic and genetic investigations.

Objective
To investigate how an immunologic, genetic and transcriptomics assessment of interferon inflammation may improve diagnosis and care in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with systemic inflammation.

Methods
Subjects referred to the pediatric rheumatologist for recurrent aphthous stomatitis associated with signs of systemic inflammation from January 2015 to January 2020 were enrolled in the study and underwent analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, sequencing of a 17-genes panel and measure of interferon score.

Results
We enrolled 15 subjects (12 females, median age at disease onset 4 years). The clinical diagnosis was BD in 8, incomplete BD in 5, BD/SLE overlap in 1, SLE in 1. Pathogenic genetic variants were detected in 3 patients, respectively 2 STAT1 gain of function variants in two patients classified as BD/SLE overlap and SLE, and 1 TNFAIP3 mutation (A20 haploinsufficiency) in patients with BD. Moreover 2 likely pathogenic variants were identified in DNASE1L3 and PTPN22, both in patients with incomplete BD. Interferon score was high in the two patients with STAT1 GOF mutations, in the patient with TNFAIP3 mutation, and in 3 genetic-negative subjects. In two patients, the treatment was modified based on genetic results.

Conclusions
Although recurrent aphthous stomatitis associated with systemic inflammation may lead to a clinical diagnosis of BD or SLE, subjects with early disease onset in childhood deserve genetic investigation for rare monogenic disorders. A wider genetic panel may help disclosing the genetic background in the subset of children with increased interferon score, who tested negative in this study.
Decadal variability in land carbon sink efficiency
Authors: Zhu Lei , Ciais Philippe , Bastos Ana , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Chevallier Frederic , Gasser Thomas , Kondo Masayuki , Pongratz Julia , Rödenbeck Christian , Li Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The climate mitigation target of limiting the temperature increase below 2 °C above the pre-industrial levels requires the efforts from all countries. Tracking the trajectory of the land carbon sink efficiency is thus crucial to evaluate the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Here, we define the instantaneous land sink efficiency as the ratio of natural land carbon sinks to emissions from fossil fuel and land-use and land-cover change with a value of 1 indicating carbon neutrality to track its temporal dynamics in the past decades.

Results
Land sink efficiency has been decreasing during 1957–1990 because of the increased emissions from fossil fuel. After the effect of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption diminished (after 1994), the land sink efficiency firstly increased before 2009 and then began to decrease again after 2009. This reversal around 2009 is mostly attributed to changes in land sinks in tropical regions in response to climate variations.

Conclusions
The decreasing trend of land sink efficiency in recent years reveals greater challenges in climate change mitigation, and that climate impacts on land carbon sinks must be accurately quantified to assess the effectiveness of regional scale climate mitigation policies.
Sonographic assessment of pediatric chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space: correlation with anthropometric data and implications for needle decompression
Authors: Terboven Tom , Betka Ivette , Weiss Christel , Rudolph Marcus , Viergutz Tim , Leonhard Georg , Schöler Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Emergent needle decompression in children is a rare event for emergency medicine and critical care providers. Hereby, risk of injury of intrathoracic structures is high and knowledge of age-specific values of chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space (ICS) is crucial to avoid injuries. Investigation of the correlation of chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space with age and body dimension like weight and height could provide guidance on depth of insertion and choice of the needle.

Methods
We performed a prospective observational clinical trial in a pediatric surgery operating room that included a convenient sample of children aged 0–10 years undergoing elective surgery. Chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space were measured with ultrasound at 2nd ICS midclavicular line (MCL) and 4th ICS anterior axillary line (AAL). Correlation of these measures with age, height, weight, BMI and Broselow color was calculated. Furthermore, intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of reproducibility and the presence of vital structures (e.g., heart, thymus gland, large pulmonary vessels) at the possible insertion sites for needle decompression was investigated.

Results
Of 410 potentially eligible patients, 300 were included in the study. Correlation of chest wall thickness was moderate with weight (2nd ICS MCL: r = 0.57; 4th ICS MCL: r = 0.64) and BMI (r = 0.44 and r = 0.6) and was lower with age (r = 0.38 for both intercostal spaces), height (r = 0.42 and r = 0.40) and Broselow color (r = 0.42 and r = 0.38). Correlation of width of the ICS with anthropometric data was generally stronger, with height showing the strongest, albeit not really strong, correlation (r = 0.71 and r = 0.62). Intra-class correlation was excellent with an ICC of 0.93. Vital structures were significantly more often present at 2nd ICS MCL then at 4th ICS AAL (14 vs. 2 patients; p = 0.0042).

Conclusions
Correlation of chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space with anthropometric data is at most moderate. Insertion depth and width of the intercostal space can therefore not be predicted accurately from anthropometric data. Ultrasound assessment of the thoracic wall appears to be a reliable technique and could therefore assist in reducing the risk of injury and increasing decompression success.
Trial registration German clinical trials register, DRKS00014973, Registered February 11th 2019, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00014973
Necrosis binding of Ac-Lys0(IRDye800CW)-Tyr3-octreotate: a consequence from cyanine-labeling of small molecules
Authors: Stroet Marcus C. M. , Dijkstra Bianca M. , Dulfer Sebastiaan E. , Kruijff Schelto , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Kruyt Frank A. E. , Groen Rob J. M. , Seimbille Yann , Panth Kranthi M. , Mezzanotte Laura , Lowik Clemens W. G. M. , de Jong Marion 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a growing body of nuclear contrast agents that are repurposed for fluorescence-guided surgery. New contrast agents are obtained by substituting the radioactive tag with, or adding a fluorescent cyanine to the molecular structure of antibodies or peptides. This enables intra-operative fluorescent detection of cancerous tissue, leading to more complete tumor resection. However, these fluorescent cyanines can have a remarkable influence on pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake, especially when labeled to smaller targeting vectors such as peptides. Here we demonstrate the effect of cyanine-mediated dead cell-binding of Ac-Lys0(IRDye800CW)-Tyr3-octreotate (800CW-TATE) and how this can be used as an advantage for fluorescence-guided surgery.

Results
Binding of 800CW-TATE could be blocked with DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTA-TATE) on cultured SSTR2-positive U2OS cells and was absent in SSTR2 negative U2OS cells. However, strong binding was observed to dead cells, which could not be blocked with DOTA-TATE and was also present in dead SSTR2 negative cells. No SSTR2-mediated binding was observed in frozen tumor sections, possibly due to disruption of the cells in the process of sectioning the tissue before exposure to the contrast agent. DOTA-TATE blocking resulted in an incomplete reduction of 61.5 ± 5.8% fluorescence uptake by NCI-H69-tumors in mice. Near-infrared imaging and dead cell staining on paraffin sections from resected tumors revealed that fluorescence uptake persisted in necrotic regions upon blocking with DOTA-TATE.

Conclusion
This study shows that labeling peptides with cyanines can result in dead cell binding. This does not hamper the ultimate purpose of fluorescence-guided surgery, as necrotic tissue appears in most solid tumors. Hence, the necrosis binding can increase the overall tumor uptake. Moreover, necrotic tissue should be removed as much as possible: it cannot be salvaged, causes inflammation, and is tumorigenic. However, when performing binding experiments to cells with disrupted membrane integrity, which is routinely done with nuclear probes, this dead cell-binding can resemble non-specific binding. This study will benefit the development of fluorescent contrast agents.
Asymptotic behavior of third order delay difference equations with a negative middle term
Authors: Saker S. H. , Selvarangam S. , Geetha S. , Thandapani E. , Alzabut J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some sufficient conditions which ensure that the solutions of the third order delay difference equation with a negative middle term$$ \Delta \bigl(a_{n}\Delta (\Delta w_{n})^{\alpha } \bigr)-p_{n}(\Delta w_{n+1})^{ \alpha }-q_{n}h(w_{n-l})=0,\quad n\geq n_{0}, $$Δ(anΔ(Δwn)α)−pn(Δwn+1)α−qnh(wn−l)=0,n≥n0,are oscillatory. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of the nonoscillatory solutions. Two illustrative examples are included for illustration.
Habitat heterogeneity influences avian feeding guild composition in urban landscapes: evidence from Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Panda Bibhu Prasad , Prusty B. Anjan Kumar , Panda Biswajit , Pradhan Abanti , Parida Siba Prasad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Habitat heterogeneity clearly distinguished in terms of availability of food and habitat resources and landscape features (natural or human-modified) play a crucial role in the avian species composition and population structure. To examine this, a study was carried out in Bhubaneswar, India, to understand the ecological niche distinction in birds based on habitat heterogeneity. Regular sampling was conducted in 30 sampling sites covering six different habitat types in a predominantly urban landscape of Bhubaneswar for understanding the ecological niche in birds. The birds were classified into 11 types of foraging guilds.

Results
The insectivorous guild had the highest bird species richness (181 species) and the omnivorous guild had the lowest (11 species). The piscivorous guild and wetland habitat had the strongest linkage, followed by the insectivorous guild and agricultural land. The frugivorous guild was significantly correlated with forest habitats (r = 0.386, p < 0.01) and park and garden habitats (r = 0.281, p < 0.01). This urban area hosted a higher number of bird species in certain habitat types, viz., agricultural lands (52%, 115 species) and forest patches (50%, 111 species).

Conclusion
The present study highlights the importance of agricultural lands, forest patches, parks and gardens, and wetlands inside the cityscape for supporting avifauna. It is therefore suggested that such habitats should be conserved inside an urban area to protect native avifauna. Thus, the city development plan must invariably include strategies for conserving the forest patches inside the urban area. Measures must be taken to restrain the degradation of agricultural lands and reduce their utilization for non-agricultural purposes, which will help in further reducing the bird population decline in the urban landscape.
Simultaneous determination of multi-class veterinary drugs in fishery products with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Park Hyunjin , Park Sihyun , Choi Jangduck , Yoon Hae Jung , Kim Jeong-Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to optimize the analytical method for multi-class veterinary drug residues of 64 compounds in fishery products. Several compounds from veterinary drugs are banned or unauthorized in fishery products according to the Korean Food Code. Samples were extracted using acetonitrile/water (4:1, v/v) and the clean-up step was carried out by adding octadecylsilane and acetonitrile-saturated hexane. The target compounds were confirmed and quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The proposed method was validated according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL-71), and most target compounds were found to be in acceptable quantities under the requirements of the validation guidelines. The recovery of analytes was typically in the 60–120% range, and precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation was less than 31% at all levels of concentration. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 3 μg kg−1 in the fishery products. Moreover, the application of the proposed method to 96 real samples demonstrated that no drug residues exceeded the Korean maximum residue limits (MRLs). This evaluation method provides reliable identification and quantification of multi-class veterinary drugs in fishery products and can be an efficient means to inspect drugs currently banned or not approved for aquaculture in Korea.
Remazol reactive dye degrading Bacteria from freshwater fish of River Cauvery, Pallipalayam of Namakkal District, South India
Authors: Sankaranarayanan A. , Karthikeyan S. , Markande Anoop , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Azo dye effluents cause severe pollution problems in soil and water and affect their flora and fauna throughout the world. The combination of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish has been considered a prospective approach towards the development of a sustainable environment. In the southernmost part of India, especially in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu state, urbanization and industrial development lead to various environmental issues. In lieu, most of the earlier works were carried out on the bacterial dye degradation from soil and water sources, least concentration on the dye degradation from fish gut flora. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish collected from the study area.

Results
We have studied the aerobic degradation of remazol yellow reactive dye by bacteria forming the gut flora of exotic fish Oreochromis mossambica from river Cauvery at Pallipalayam of Namakkal District, India. Eight dye degrading gut isolates viz. Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Bacillus sp. AD2, Staphylococcus sp. AD3, Staphylococcus AD4, Enterobacter sp. AD5, Escherichia coli AD6, Streptococcus sp. AD7 and Clostridium sp. AD8 were obtained capable of growing in azo dye incorporated in Basic mineral medium (BMM) medium. Optimization study was carried out for various parameters for the selected isolates. Based on the growth, maximum growth was seen in Pseudomonas sp. AD1 (in 0–24 h) and minimum in Escherichia coli.AD 6 (in 72–96 h). Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Enterobacter sp.AD5, and Bacillus sp. AD 2 exhibited efficient dye degradation during 0–96 h analysis which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Loss of azo group stretch at 1572–76 cm−1 and 1429 cm−1 and presence of primary (–NH2–) and secondary amides (–NH2–), aliphatic –C–N– stretching and confirmed –C–S– stretching in FTIR analysis confirms the breaking down of the azo bond.

Conclusion
This study showed that there is a platform for using the bacterial flora of fish gut that paves a prominent way in the degradation of Azo dye.
DHODH and cancer: promising prospects to be explored
Authors: Zhou Yue , Tao Lei , Zhou Xia , Zuo Zeping , Gong Jin , Liu Xiaocong , Zhou Yang , Liu Chunqi , Sang Na , Liu Huan , Zou Jiao , Gou Kun , Yang Xiaowei , Zhao Yinglan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. It is originally a target for the treatment of the non-neoplastic diseases involving in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and is re-emerging as a validated therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this review, we mainly unravel the biological function of DHODH in tumor progression, including its crucial role in de novo pyrimidine synthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain in cancer cells. Moreover, various DHODH inhibitors developing in the past decades are also been displayed, and the specific mechanism between DHODH and its additional effects are illustrated. Collectively, we detailly discuss the association between DHODH and tumors in recent years here, and believe it will provide significant evidences and potential strategies for utilizing DHODH as a potential target in preclinical and clinical cancer therapies.