bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal prospective study examining the effects of the timing of prenatal stress on infant and child regulatory functioning: the Michigan Prenatal Stress Study protocol
Authors: Levendosky Alytia Akiko , Bogat G Anne , Lonstein Joseph , Muzik Maria , Nuttall Amy K 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionA considerable literature implicates prenatal stress as a critical determinant of poor psychological functioning in childhood and beyond. However, knowledge about whether the timing of prenatal stress differentially influences the development of child outcomes, including psychopathology, is virtually unknown. The primary aim of our study is to examine how the timing of prenatal stress differentially affects early childhood regulatory functioning as a marker of psychopathology. Our second aim is to examine the mediating effects of maternal physiological and psychological factors during pregnancy. Our third aim is to examine the moderating effects of postnatal factors on child regulatory functioning. Our project is the first longitudinal, prospective, multimethod study addressing these questions.Methods and analysisOur ongoing study recruits pregnant women, oversampled for intimate partner violence (a common event-based stressor allowing examination of timing effects), with data collection starting at pregnancy week 15 and concluding 4 years post partum. We aim to have n=335 mother–child dyads. We conduct a granular assessment of pregnancy stress (measured weekly by maternal report) in order to reveal sensitive periods during fetal life when stress particularly derails later functioning. Pattern-based statistical analyses will be used to identify subgroups of women who differ in the timing of their stress during pregnancy and then test whether these patterns of stress differentially predict early childhood self-regulatory outcomes.Ethics and disseminationDue to the high-risk nature of our sample, care is taken to ensure protection of their well-being, including a safety plan for suicidal ideation and a safety mechanism (exit button in the online weekly survey) to protect participant data privacy. This study was approved by Michigan State University Institutional Review Board. Dissemination will be handled by data sharing through National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Data and Specimen Hub (DASH), as well as through publishing the findings in journals spanning behavioural neuroendocrinology to clinical and developmental psychology.
HLA-DPB1 E69 genotype and exposure in beryllium sensitisation and disease
Authors: Crooks James , Mroz Margaret M , VanDyke Michael , McGrath Alison , Schuler Christine , McCanlies Erin C , Virji M Abbas , Rosenman Kenneth D , Rossman Milton , Rice Carol , Monos Dimitri , Fingerlin Tasha E , Maier Lisa A 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesHuman leukocyte antigen-DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1) with a glutamic acid at the 69th position of the ß chain (E69) genotype and inhalational beryllium exposure individually contribute to risk of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and beryllium sensitisation (BeS) in exposed individuals. This retrospective nested case–control study assessed the contribution of genetics and exposure in the development of BeS and CBD.MethodsWorkers with BeS (n=444), CBD (n=449) and beryllium-exposed controls (n=890) were enrolled from studies conducted at nuclear weapons and primary beryllium manufacturing facilities. Lifetime-average beryllium exposure estimates were based on workers’ job questionnaires and historical and industrial hygienist exposure estimates, blinded to genotype and case status. Genotyping was performed using sequence-specific primer-PCR. Logistic regression models were developed allowing for over-dispersion, adjusting for workforce, race, sex and ethnicity.ResultsHaving no E69 alleles was associated with lower odds of both CBD and BeS; every additional E69 allele increased odds for CBD and BeS. Increasing exposure was associated with lower odds of BeS. CBD was not associated with exposure as compared to controls, yet the per cent of individuals with CBD versus BeS increased with increasing exposure. No evidence of a gene-by-exposure interaction was found for CBD or BeS.ConclusionsRisk of CBD increases with E69 allele frequency and increasing exposure, although no gene by environment interaction was found. A decreased risk of BeS with increasing exposure and lack of exposure response in CBD cases may be due to the limitations of reconstructed exposure estimates. Although reducing exposure may not prevent BeS, it may reduce CBD and the associated health effects, especially in those carrying E69 alleles.
Tactics of the tobacco industry in an Arab nation: a review of tobacco documents in Oman
Authors: Al-Lawati Jawad A , Bialous Stella A 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundFew studies have investigated tobacco industry interference in the tobacco control policies of Arab nations. This paper explores the tactics used by the industry to subvert tobacco control policies in Oman and offers lessons on how to prevent such interference in the future.MethodsWe searched the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Archive using the word ‘Oman’, names of government institutions, policymakers and local tobacco distributors. Extracted data were noted chronologically by key elements of tobacco control measures. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Health Ministers’ Council resolutions on tobacco control were also reviewed.ResultsOut of 1020 tobacco documents located, 327 were closely related to policy interference. Documents revealed that the industry met key government officials, offered in-kind services, used local diplomatic missions to influence Omani policymakers, opposed smoking bans, delayed regulations to lower tar and nicotine content of cigarettes, and to require effective health warnings, circumvented a tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship ban and provided voluntary codes as an alternative to effective regulations. Additionally, industry representatives lobbied individual countries in the GCC to veto tax increments and defeat consensus on agreed resolutions of the Health Ministers’ Council.ConclusionThe tobacco industry interfered in all key public health policies aimed to reduce tobacco use in Oman. There is an urgent need for the Omani government to enforce the Civil Code of Conduct and develop guidelines for all policymakers through implementing Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to curb the tobacco epidemic.
Consequences of a match made in hell: the harm caused by menthol smoking to the African American population over 1980–2018
Authors: Mendez David , Le Thuy T T 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundFor many years, national surveys have shown a consistently disproportionately high prevalence of menthol smokers among African Americans compared with the general population. However, to our knowledge, no prior study has quantified the harm that menthol smoking has caused on that population. In this work, we estimate the public health harm that menthol cigarettes have caused to the African American community over the last four decades.MethodsUsing National Health Interview Survey data, we employed a well-established simulation model to reproduce the observed smoking trajectory over 1980–2018 in the African American population. Then, we repeat the experiment, removing the effects of menthol on the smoking initiation and cessation rates over that period, obtaining a new hypothetical smoking trajectory. Finally, we compared both scenarios to calculate the public health harm attributable to menthol cigarettes over 1980–2018.ResultsOur results show that menthol cigarettes were responsible for 1.5 million new smokers, 157 000 smoking-related premature deaths and 1.5 million life-years lost among African Americans over 1980–2018. While African Americans constitute 12% of the total US population, these figures represent, respectively, a staggering 15%, 41% and 50% of the total menthol-related harm.DiscussionOur results show that menthol cigarettes disproportionally harmed African Americans significantly over the last 38 years and are responsible for exacerbating health disparities among that population. Removing menthol cigarettes from the market would benefit the overall US population but, particularly, the African American community.
The UK needs an open data portal dedicated to coastal flood and erosion hazard risk and resilience
Authors: Lazarus Eli D. , Aldabet Sofia , Thompson Charlotte E. L. , Hill Christopher T. , Nicholls Robert J. , French Jon R. , Brown Sally , Tompkins Emma L. , Haigh Ivan D. , Townend Ian H. , Penning-Rowsell Edmund C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the UK, coastal flooding and erosion are two of the primary climate-related hazards to communities, businesses, and infrastructure. To better address the ramifications of those hazards, now and into the future, the UK needs to transform its scattered, fragmented coastal data resources into a systematic, integrated portal for quality-assured, publicly accessible open data. Such a portal would support analyses of coastal risk and resilience by hosting, in addition to data layers for coastal flooding and erosion, a diverse array of spatial datasets for building footprints, infrastructure networks, land use, population, and various socio-economic measures and indicators derived from survey and census data. The portal would facilitate novel combinations of spatial data layers to yield scientifically, societally, and economically beneficial insights into UK coastal systems.
Digital Image Based Identification of Rice Variety Using Image Processing and Neural Network
Authors: Sumaryanti Lilik , Musdholifah Aina , Hartati Sri 
Published: September 2021

The increased of consumer concern on the originality of rice variety and the quality of rice leads to originality certification of rice by existing institutions. Technology helps human to perform evaluations of food grains using images of objects. This study developed a system used as a tool to identify rice varieties. Identification process was performed by analyzing rice images using image processing. The analyzed features for identification consisted of six color features, four morphological features, and two texture features. Classifier used LVQ neural network algorithm. Identification results using a combination of all features gave average accuracy of 70,3% with the highest classification accuracy level of 96,6% for Mentik Wangi and the lowest classification accuracy of 30% for Cilosari.
Comparison of Resuscitation Outcomes Between 2‐ or 3‐Stacked Defibrillation Strategies With Minimally Interrupted Chest Compression and the Single Defibrillation Strategy: A Swine Cardiac Arrest Model
Authors: Kim Soyeong , Jung Woo Jin , Roh Young Il , Kim Tae Youn , Hwang Sung Oh , Cha Kyoung‐Chul 
Published: September 2021

Background
There is controversy over whether the number and mode of electrical shock are optimal for successful defibrillation.

Methods and Results

Fifty‐four pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups. After inducing ventricular fibrillation and a 2‐minute downtime, basic life support was initiated with a 30:2 compression/ventilation ratio for 8 minutes. Subsequently, 20 minutes of advanced life support, including asynchronous ventilation, every 10 chest compressions with 15 L/min of oxygen, was delivered. Animals of the single shock group received a single shock, animals of the 2‐stacked shock group received 2 consecutive shocks, and animals of the 3‐stacked shock group received 3 consecutive shocks. Animals with the return of spontaneous circulation underwent post–cardiac arrest care for 12 hours. The rates of successful defibrillation, return of spontaneous circulation, 24‐hour survival, and 48‐hour survival and neurological deficit score were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gas profiles, troponin I, and cardiac output were not different between the groups. There was a significant difference in chest compression fraction between the single and 3‐stacked shock groups (
P
<0.001), although there was no difference between the single and 2‐stacked shock groups (
P
=0.022) or the 2‐stacked and 3‐stacked shock groups (
P
=0.040). The rates of successful defibrillation, return of spontaneous circulation, 24‐hour survival, and 48‐hour survival were higher in the 2‐ and 3‐stacked shock groups than in the single shock group (
P
=0.021,
P
=0.015, and
P
=0.021, respectively). Neurological deficit score at 48 hours was not different between the groups.

Conclusions
A stacked shock strategy was superior to a single shock strategy for successful defibrillation and better resuscitation outcomes in treating ventricular fibrillation.
Methodological Rigor and Temporal Trends of Cardiovascular Medicine Meta‐Analyses in Highest‐Impact Journals
Authors: Mahtta Dhruv , Altibi Ahmed , Gad Mohamed M. , Samara Amjad , Barakat Amr F. , Bagur Rodrigo , Mansoor Hend , Jneid Hani , Virani Salim S. , Mamas Mamas A. , Masri Ahmad , Elgendy Islam Y. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Well‐conducted meta‐analyses are considered to be at the top of the evidence‐based hierarchy pyramid, with an expansion of these publications within the cardiovascular research arena. There are limited data evaluating the trends and quality of such publications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodological rigor and temporal trends of cardiovascular medicine‐related meta‐analyses published in the highest impact journals.

Methods and Results

Using the Medline database, we retrieved cardiovascular medicine‐related systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in
The New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, The British Medical Journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, Circulation, European Heart Journal, and Journal of American College of Cardiology
between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. Among 6406 original investigations published during the study period, meta‐analyses represented 422 (6.6%) articles, with an annual decline in the proportion of published meta‐analyses (8.7% in 2012 versus 4.6% in 2018,
P
trend
=0.002). A substantial number of studies failed to incorporate elements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses or Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines (51.9%) and only a minority of studies (10.4%) were registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews). Fewer manuscripts failed to incorporate the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses or Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology elements over time (60.2% in 2012 versus 40.0% in 2018,
P
trend
<0.001) whereas the number of meta‐analyses registered at PROSPERO has increased (2.4% in 2013 versus 17.5% in 2018,
P
trend
<0.001).

Conclusions
The proportion of cardiovascular medicine‐related meta‐analyses published in the highest impact journals has declined over time. Although there is an increasing trend in compliance with quality‐based guidelines, the overall compliance remains low.
Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Obayashi Yuki , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Tamaki Yodo , Inoko Moriaki , Yamamoto Ko , Takeji Yasuaki , Tada Tomohisa , Nagao Kazuya , Yamaji Kyohei , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Suwa Satoru , Tamura Toshihiro , Sakamoto Hiroki , Inada Tsukasa , Matsuda Mitsuo , Sato Yukihito , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kimura Takeshi ,   CREDO‐Kyoto AMI Registry Wave‐2 Investigators
Published: September 2021

Background
It remains controversial whether long‐term clinical impact of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) in the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is different from that of prior AF diagnosed before the onset of AMI.

Methods and Results

The current study population from the CREDO‐Kyoto AMI (Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto Acute Myocardial Infarction) Registry Wave‐2 consisted of 6228 patients with AMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The baseline characteristics and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared according to AF status (newly diagnosed AF: N=489 [7.9%], prior AF: N=589 [9.5%], and no AF: N=5150 [82.7%]). Median follow‐up duration was 5.5 years. Patients with newly diagnosed AF and prior AF had similar baseline characteristics with higher risk profile than those with no AF including older age and more comorbidities. The cumulative 5‐year incidence of all‐cause death was higher in newly diagnosed AF and prior AF than no AF (38.8%, 40.7%, and 18.7%,
P
<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality of newly diagnosed AF and prior AF relative to no AF remained significant with similar magnitude (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12–1.54;
P
<0.001, and HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.52;
P
<0.001, respectively). The cumulative 5‐year incidence of stroke decreased in the order of newly diagnosed AF, prior AF and no AF (15.5%, 12.9%, and 6.3%, respectively,
P
<0.001). The higher adjusted HRs of both newly diagnosed AF and prior AF relative to no AF were significant for stroke, with a greater risk of newly diagnosed AF than that of prior AF (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.56–2.69;
P
<0.001, and HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00–1.78;
P
=0.048, respectively). The higher stroke risk of newly diagnosed AF compared with prior AF was largely driven by the greater risk within 30 days. The higher adjusted HRs of newly diagnosed AF and prior AF relative to no AF were significant for heart failure hospitalization (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.35–2.22;
P
<0.001, and HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.82–2.74;
P
<0.001, respectively) and major bleeding (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.23–1.73;
P
<0.001, and HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15–1.60;
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Newly diagnosed AF in AMI had risks for mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and major bleeding higher than no AF, and comparable to prior AF. The risk of newly diagnosed AF for stroke might be higher than that of prior AF.
Treatment Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Men Versus Women With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sulaiman Samian , Kawsara Akram , Mohamed Mohamed O. , Van Spall Harriette G. C. , Sutton Nadia , Holmes David R. , Mamas Mamas A. , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: September 2021

Background
Women are less likely to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) than men. A potential reason is risk aversion because of the worse outcomes with pPCI among women. However, whether pPCI is associated with a comparable mortality benefit in men and women remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We selected patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2018). We used propensity‐score matching to calculate average treatment effects of pPCI for in‐hospital mortality, major complications, length of stay, and cost. As a sensitivity analysis, we used logit models followed by a marginal command to calculate the average marginal effect. We included 413 500 weighted hospitalizations (30.7% women, 69.3% men). Women had more comorbidities except smoking and prior sternotomy. Compared with men, women were less likely to undergo angiography (81.0% versus 87.0%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74–0.81;
P
<0.001) or pPCI (74.0% versus 82.0%; adjusted OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73–0.79;
P
<0.001). There were no significant differences in average treatment effects of pPCI on mortality between men (−8.4% [−9.3% to −7.6%],
P
<0.001), and women (−9.5% [−10.8% to −8.3%],
P
<0.001) (
P
interaction=0.16). This persisted in age‐stratified analyses (≥85, 65–84, 45–64, <45 years) and sensitivity analysis, excluding emergent admissions. The average treatment effects of pPCI on major complications were comparable except for acute stroke, leaving against medical advice, and palliative encounter. There were no differences in the average treatment effects of pPCI on length of stay, but the proportional increase in cost with pPCI was higher in women.

Conclusions
pPCI results in a comparable reduction in in‐hospital mortality in men and women. Nonetheless, risk‐adjusted rates of pPCI remain lower in women in contemporary US practice.
New‐Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Total Arch Repair Is Associated With Increased In‐Hospital Mortality
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wang Zhao , Cao Fangfang , Song Jian , Fan Shuya , Qiu Juntao , Fan Xiaohan , Yu Cuntao 
Published: September 2021

Background
It is well established that postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes after major cardiac operations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of new‐onset POAF after successful total arch repair surgery and the association between POAF and in‐hospital mortality.

Methods and Results

All consecutive patients undergoing total arch repair from September 2012 to December 2019 in Fuwai hospital were enrolled (n=1280). Patients diagnosed with preoperative atrial fibrillation were excluded. POAF was diagnosed as the new‐onset atrial fibrillation or flutter for more than 5 minutes based on continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Multivariable adjustment, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and propensity score matching were used to adjust for confounders. POAF was diagnosed in 32.3% (411/1271) of this cohort population. The occurrence of new‐onset POAF was associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.06;
P
<0.001), male sex (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.98;
P
=0.035), and surgery duration (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.12–1.28;
P
<0.001). The in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with POAF than those without POAF (10.7% versus 2.4%,
P
<0.001). Inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity score matching analyses confirmed the results. The increased in‐hospital mortality in POAF group still existed among subgroup analysis based on different age, sex, hypertension, smoking, and hypokalemia, combined with cardiac surgery, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Conclusions
More careful attention should be given to POAF after total arch repair surgery. The incidence of POAF after total arch repair surgery was 32.3% and associated with increased in‐hospital mortality. The elderly female patient who experienced longer operation duration was at highest risk for POAF.