bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Screening for Hyperthyroidism Proof of Concept
Authors: Banigé Maïa , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee , Gauthereau Valerie , Luton Dominique , Polak Michel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Early treatment is essential to avoid the cardiac complication of neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH). Our results have direct implications for clinical care.

Objective
NH can cause potentially fatal neonatal thyrotoxicosis. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of neonatal hyperthyroidism screening using the thyroid-stimulating hormone value in dried blood collected routinely on filter paper on the third postnatal day of life for congenital hypothyroidism screening.

Methods
Retrospective case–control study. Cases were identified using data from our previously published study of 280 000 infants born in 10 maternity units in France in 2007-2014. Controls were identified among the 1 362 564 infants born in the Ile-de-France region during the same period.

Results
A screening thyroid-stimulating hormone level below 0.18 mIU/L on the third postnatal day had 71% (95% CI 44-90%) sensitivity, 99% (95% CI 99-100%) specificity, 81% (95% CI 74-86%) positive predictive value, and 98% (95% CI 97-99%) negative predictive value for detecting severe NH. By univariate regression analysis, the screening thyroid-stimulating hormone value was the strongest predictor of NH (P &lt; .00001), with an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1.0). Expected frequencies were not significantly different from observed frequencies (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = .99).

Conclusion
The screening thyroid-stimulating hormone test can be used to detect severe NH, the optimal cut-off being 0.18 mIU/L. The additional cost compared with screening for congenital hypothyroidism would be small. Infants with neonatal hyperthyroidism would benefit from an earlier diagnosis with treatment initiation at the presymptomatic stage in many cases, ensuring optimal outcomes.
Aspektualität in deutschen Partikel- und Präfixverben
Authors: Stieber Nana-Lena 
Published: December 2021

Prefix and particle verbs are part of a systematic way of expressing aspectual structures in German. This article proposes an aspectual analysis of German particle and prefixed verbs, regarding especially their polysemic characteristics, and will give a contrastive comparison with the Italian language. This can be useful given that Italian does not have developed a system of prefixes and particles as German does. Therefore, the Italian translations of German prefixed and particle verbs turns out to use different kinds of expressions, often of a periphrastic nature. This is seen here as an indication in favour of the strongly polysemic verbs in German. The aspectual comparison of both languages will be done using an onomasiological model of aspectuality, which allows the analysis of different kinds of expressions without using specific formal categories.
The first part of this article gives a short introduction and definition of the German verbs. Part two concerns the question of what aspectuality in German is, followed by part three, a quick overview of actual research in the field. Part four explains how a contrastive perspective may be helpful to discover and illuminate the polysemic German prefixed and particle verbs. Part five presents the empirical data used for the purpose of this work. Part six, then, contains the aspectual analysis of the German verbs in their given context. Every German example will be described and compared to its Italian translation. The article will close with a quick summary of the results, focussing especially on the usefulness of a contrastive approach.
Unbestimmte Subjekte: zur problematischen Äquivalenz von deutschem man und italienischem si
Authors: Paschke Peter 
Published: December 2021

German sentences with man and Italian sentences with si impersonale or si passivante are often presented as equivalent in contrastive grammars. However, this functional equation proves to be problematic when Italian students refer with man to their own role as authors, such as in: “Darauf wird man aber im folgenden Kapitel eingehen”. Evidently, man cannot refer to the speaker role, while in the same context the Italian si is well suitable. Starting from this interference error, the paper examines the possible range of reference of the two pronouns. It turns out that the most common reading of man and si in both languages is the generic one, which can be paraphrased as “everyone”. Systematic divergences, on the other hand, occur in the particular reading, i. e. when referring to single unspecified subjects. While the German man characterizes the subject as anonymous and does never include listeners or speakers (e. g: Gestern hat man bei uns eingebrochen; man ≈ ‘jemand’, ‘somebody’), the Italian si, according to the verb class (transitive, unergative, unaccusative, etc.), can or must be read as speaker-exclusive (Mi si è raccontato che ...; si ≈ ‘qualcuno’, ‘someone’) or as speaker-inclusive (Ieri si è andati al ristorante; si ≈ ‘noi’, ‘we’). The speaker-inclusive reading also occurs when si is used in academic texts as a substitute for the established form of speaker (author) reference by means of the 1st person plural (noi, ‘we’). In addition to man and si, other forms of indeterminate subjects are examined, namely the non-anaphoric uses of German “sie (pl.)” (Sie haben schon wieder die Preise erhöht.) and of the Italian 3rd person plural null subject (Ti hanno cercato.) as well as the so-called impersonal passive form in German (Es wird gemurmelt.).
Programs' Efficacy to Develop Employable Skills for People With Functional Diversity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gonzálvez Carolina , Marhuenda-Fluixá Fernando 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Promoting the labour integration of people with functional diversity is a key element to achieve their social inclusion. This meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of experimental programs in developing employable skills for people with disabilities. Methods: Literature searches up to June 2019 were conducted in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC). Studies that met the following criteria were selected: (1) The program should develop employable skills; (2) the participants should be people with functional diversity; (3) the study should have a design with an experimental group and a control group as well as pretest and posttest measurements; (4) the study had to provide enough data to calculate the effect sizes; and (5) the study had to be written in English or Spanish. 67 independent studies met the selection criteria, among 14 articles published between 1998 and 2019. Results: The results revealed mean effect sizes in favour of the experimental group for the set of all studies according to data reported by people with functional diversity, as well as according their relatives and teachers. The two dimensions of the programs with a significant effect size in favour of the experimental group were interview skills and career planning. Furthermore, it was found that the programs showed a higher degree of effectiveness in groups formed only by people with intellectual disabilities, with a lower educational level, whose duration ranged from six to twelve months. This was particularly the case with participants from Spain and Australia. Conclusion: Promoting the labour insertion of people with disability is a key element to achieve their social inclusion. Programs that support and develop employability and that are conducted upon experimental conditions do have a positive impact upon young people with functional diversity. Upon the results, we discuss practical implications for integrating disabled persons into the labour market.
Reframing the Musical: Race, Culture and Identity, Sarah Whitfield (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Nereson Ariel 
Published: December 2021

Review of: Reframing the Musical: Race, Culture and Identity, Sarah Whitfield (ed.) (2019)
London: Red Globe Press, xxxii + 241 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35200-439-7, p/bk, $34.99
Personalized reference intervals – statistical approaches and considerations
Authors: Coskun Abdurrahman , Sandberg Sverre , Unsal Ibrahim , Yavuz Fulya G. , Cavusoglu Coskun , Serteser Mustafa , Kilercik Meltem , Aarsand Aasne K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For many measurands, physicians depend on population-based reference intervals (popRI), when assessing laboratory test results. The availability of personalized reference intervals (prRI) may provide a means to improve the interpretation of laboratory test results for an individual. prRI can be calculated using estimates of biological and analytical variation and previous test results obtained in a steady-state situation. In this study, we aim to outline statistical approaches and considerations required when establishing and implementing prRI in clinical practice.
Data quality assessment, including analysis for outliers and trends, is required prior to using previous test results to estimate the homeostatic set point. To calculate the prRI limits, two different statistical models based on ‘prediction intervals’ can be applied. The first model utilizes estimates of ‘within-person biological variation’ which are based on an individual’s own data. This model requires a minimum of five previous test results to generate the prRI. The second model is based on estimates of ‘within-subject biological variation’, which represents an average estimate for a population and can be found, for most measurands, in the EFLM Biological Variation Database. This model can be applied also when there are lower numbers of previous test results available. The prRI offers physicians the opportunity to improve interpretation of individuals’ test results, though studies are required to demonstrate if using prRI leads to better clinical outcomes. We recommend that both popRIs and prRIs are included in laboratory reports to aid in evaluating laboratory test results in the follow-up of patients.
High-fidelity nano-FTIR spectroscopy by on-pixel normalization of signal harmonics
Authors: Mester Lars , Govyadinov Alexander A. , Hillenbrand Rainer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy (nano-FTIR) are emerging tools for physical and chemical nanocharacterization of organic and inorganic composite materials. Being based on (i) diffraction-limited illumination of a scanning probe tip for nanofocusing of light and (ii) recording of the tip-scattered radiation, the efficient suppression of background scattering has been critical for their success. Here, we show that indirect tip illumination via far-field reflection and scattering at the sample can produce s-SNOM and nano-FTIR signals of materials that are not present at the tip position – despite full background suppression. Although these artefacts occur primarily on or near large sample structures, their understanding and recognition are of utmost importance to ensure correct interpretation of images and spectra. Detailed experimental and theoretical results show how such artefacts can be identified and eliminated by a simple signal normalization step, thus critically strengthening the analytical capabilities of s-SNOM and nano-FTIR spectroscopy.
Plasmonic metasurfaces manipulating the two spin components from spin–orbit interactions of light with lattice field generations
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Gu Manna , Sun Rui , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Yuqin , Zhang Yu , Cheng Chen , Zhan Zijun , Chen Chao , Ren Xiaorong , He Changwei , Liu Chunxiang , Cheng Chuanfu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Artificial nanostructures in metasurfaces induce strong spin–orbit interactions (SOIs), by which incident circularly polarized light can be transformed into two opposite spin components. The component with an opposite helicity to the incident light acquires a geometric phase and is used to realize the versatile functions of the metasurfaces; however, the other component, with an identical helicity, is often neglected as a diffused background. Here, by simultaneously manipulating the two spin components originating from the SOI in plasmonic metasurfaces, independent wavefields in the primary and converted spin channels are achieved; the wavefield in the primary channel is controlled by tailoring the dynamic phase, and that in the converted channel is regulated by designing the Pancharatnam–Berry phase in concurrence with the dynamic phase. The scheme is realized by generating optical lattice fields with different topologies in two spin channels, with the metasurfaces composed of metal nanoslits within six round-apertures mimicking the multi-beam interference. This study demonstrates independent optical fields in a dual-spin channel based on the SOI effect in the metasurface, which provides a higher polarization degree of freedom to modify optical properties at the subwavelength scale.
Study on vibration and noise influence for optimization of garden mower
Authors: Chen Yimin , Zhang Wenzhuo , Dong Lu , Cengiz Korhan , Sharma Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Advancement in engineering provides various improvement in quality life while taking consideration of important factors for safety and environment. The use of mower food maintenance of land it is very common across several parts of the world with some frequent noise generated through its operation. This article is an attempt to study the noise and frequency generated through the vibrations of mower blade. In this study, an integrated design for designing, testing and developing mower blade that generates less noise is presented. For designing efficient blade that produces less noise, we have implemented various engineering approaches such as rapid product design, process of re-engineering and reverse engineering. The simulation of the designed blade is carried out through CAD software where the design prototype is analysed for its performance. The outcomes of the prototype are tested through simulation and its performance is compared for the determination of success of proposed design at different variations in frequency level. It is observed through the experimentation that the noise and vibration differences are generated through load carrying vehicles, mowers with riding capacity and simple mowers. From the analysis, mower with riding capacity is observed as safest among all other types of machines.
Relay vibration protection simulation experimental platform based on signal reconstruction of MATLAB software
Authors: Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For conceptual analysis of the principle of relay vibration protection, this article establishes the simulation system model of directional current protection in MATLAB/Simulink environment through the protection algorithm. Various outcomes have been achieved for the proposed approach during the faulty conditions. The outcomes obtained during the fault period reveals that the waveform of three-phase current changes greatly, and the amplitude of three-phase current at power supply side increases sharply. After 0.02s signal acquisition and processing, the action signal acts after 0.07s, and the fault is removed. In case of two-phase short-circuit, two-phase grounding short-circuit and other faults, the fault can be removed smoothly after signal acquisition and processing. In this paper, the directional current protection simulation system based on microcomputer protection model is built, and the changes of voltage, current and action signal are demonstrated through GUI interface, and analyzed and verified.
Weekend Admissions for Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Length of Stay
Authors: Rappaport Leah G. , VanderVennen Marielle C. , Monroe Kimberly K. , McCaffery Harlan , Stewart David A. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether admission on weekends affects the length of stay (LOS) for patients hospitalized with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs).

METHODS
Data from 2012–2018 was obtained for all patients aged 4 to 21 years (N = 5459) with a primary discharge diagnosis of SSRDs from 52 tertiary care pediatric hospitals in the United States. We obtained patient demographics, admission date and/or time, LOS, procedure count, and comorbid conditions. We defined a weekend as 3 pm Friday to 3 pm Sunday. The Wilcoxon rank test was used for unadjusted analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having LOS &gt;1 day, &gt;2 days, &gt;3 days, and &gt;4 days in weekend versus weekday groups.

RESULTS
Weekend admission significantly correlated with increased LOS (P &lt; .001). Compared with weekdays, a weekend admission was associated with increased odds of having LOS &gt;1, &gt;2, and &gt;3 days. This remained statistically significant while adjusting for the number of chronic conditions, procedures, and individuals with Black or Hispanic ethnicity compared with White ethnicity. LOS was not associated with sex or age of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with SSRDs admitted on the weekend have an increased LOS compared with those admitted on a weekday. This may be due to a decrease in multidisciplinary care available during weekends. In future studies, researchers should aim to better understand the specific factors that contribute to this disparity and test interventions that may close the gap in care, including expanding to 7-day services, increasing mental health resources, and working to decrease the need for inpatient admissions.
Artificial Intelligence to Improve Health Outcomes in the NICU and PICU: A Systematic Review
Authors: Adegboro Claudette O. , Choudhury Avishek , Asan Onur , Kelly Michelle M. 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly used in pediatrics and have the potential to help inpatient physicians provide high-quality care for critically ill children.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to describe the use of AI to improve any health outcome(s) in neonatal and pediatric intensive care.

DATA SOURCE
PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.

STUDY SELECTION
We used peer-reviewed studies published between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 2020, in which researchers described (1) AI, (2) pediatrics, and (3) intensive care. Studies were included if researchers assessed AI use to improve at least 1 health outcome (eg, mortality).

DATA EXTRACTION
Data extraction was conducted independently by 2 researchers. Articles were categorized by direct or indirect impact of AI, defined by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Health joint report.

RESULTS
Of the 287 publications screened, 32 met inclusion criteria. Approximately 22% (n = 7) of studies revealed a direct impact and improvement in health outcomes after AI implementation. Majority were in prototype testing, and few were deployed into an ICU setting. Among the remaining 78% (n = 25) AI models outperformed standard clinical modalities and may have indirectly influenced patient outcomes. Quantitative assessment of health outcomes using statistical measures, such as area under the receiver operating curve (56%; n = 18) and specificity (38%; n = 12), revealed marked heterogeneity in metrics and standardization.

CONCLUSIONS
Few studies have revealed that AI has directly improved health outcomes for pediatric critical care patients. Further prospective, experimental studies are needed to assess AI’s impact by using established implementation frameworks, standardized metrics, and validated outcome measures.
ENCEPHALOPATHIES FOLLOWING PROPHYLACTIC PERTUSSIS VACCINE
Authors: BYERS RANDOLPH K. , MOLL FREDERIC C. 
Published: December 2021

Inspection of the records of the Children's Hospital for the past ten years has disclosed 15 instances in which children developed acute cerebral symptoms within a period of hours after the administration of pertussis vaccine. The children varied between 5 and 18 months in age and, in so far as it is possible to judge children of this age range, were developing normally according to histories supplied by their parents. None had had convulsions previously. Many different lots of vaccine, made by eight different manufacturers over a period of eight years, were implicated. The inoculations were given throughout the usual geographic range of children coming to this hospital. All but one, at the time of follow-up or death, showed evidence of impairment of the nervous system, which might still have been in the healing stage in three or four.
During the same period about half as many children were seen in the hospital suffering from the encephalopathy secondary to smallpox vaccination, and about twice as many from the encephalopathy complicating pertussis itself.
A variety of etiologic considerations were suggested by consideration of the reported cases and references to the literature. That constitutional factors may have been involved was suggested by both the preponderance of males as opposed to females, and by the high incidence of abnormalities of the nervous system in the family histories. The clinical course and cytologic abnormalities of spinal fluids found in acute cases indicated an encephalopathy. The literature suggested that this process might have resulted from either the activity of a specific toxin or from an antigen-antibody response. Against the former of these hypotheses was the unstable nature of the heretofore recognized toxins which could hardly survive in properly aged vaccines. The rapid onset of symptoms, occasionally within minutes of the first injection, seemed strong evidence against the second. The present study has left these etiologic considerations unanswered, but it has called attention to a risk of the prophylactic use of pertussis vaccine not hitherto recognized.
In view of the impressive evidence of the effectiveness of prophylactic pertussis vaccine now accumulating, it seems likely that babies are safer vaccinated than not. Further studies should be made to prove this point definitely, for the encephalopathy following pertussis vaccine seems more devastating than the vast majority of the nervous lesions following the use of smallpox vaccine.
EDITORIAL
Authors: FABER HAROLD K. , MILLER JOHN J. 
Published: December 2021

THE Original Article in this issue of Pediatrics by Byers and Moll on encephalopathies following prophylactic pertussis vaccine will be a cause of the gravest concern to all pediatricians. While the authors are reserved in expressing an opinion as to the mechanisms responsible for the sequelae of pertussis vaccination which they describe, it is a matter of the most urgent importance that these be sought and made the basis for practical changes and improvements designed to minimize dangers which now clearly emerge, curiously enough fifteen years or so after active immunization against pertussis began to be used on a large scale in this country. At the same time, it should be pointed out that incontrovertible evidence is now at hand of the effectiveness of pertussis vaccine in preventing a disease which in the first two years of life has a very high fatality rate.
While complete answers to the problems raised by the paper of Byers and Moll cannot be given at the present time, it is pertinent to consider possible causes for the reactions they report and lines along which precautionary measures might profitably be directed.