bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiographic derived fractional flow reserve: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nørgaard Bjarne L , Gaur Sara , Fairbairn Timothy A , Douglas Pam S , Jensen Jesper M , Patel Manesh R , Ihdayhid Abdul R , Ko Brian S H , Sellers Stephanie L , Weir-McCall Jonathan , Matsuo Hitoshi , Sand Niels Peter R , Øvrehus Kristian A , Rogers Campbell , Mullen Sarah , Nieman Koen , Parner Erik , Leipsic Jonathon , Abdulla Jawdat 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo obtain more powerful assessment of the prognostic value of fractional flow reserveCTtesting we performed a systematic literature review and collaborative meta-analysis of studies that assessed clinical outcomes of CT-derived calculation of FFR (FFRCT) (HeartFlow) analysis in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe searched PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases for published studies that evaluated clinical outcomes following fractional flow reserveCTtesting between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. The primary endpoint was defined as ‘all-cause mortality (ACM) or myocardial infarction (MI)’ at 12-month follow-up. Exploratory analyses were performed using major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, ACM+MI+unplanned revascularisation), ACM, MI, spontaneous MI or unplanned (>3 months) revascularisation as the endpoint.ResultsFive studies were identified including a total of 5460 patients eligible for meta-analyses. The primary endpoint occurred in 60 (1.1%) patients, 0.6% (13/2126) with FFRCT>0.80% and 1.4% (47/3334) with FFRCT≤0.80 (relative risk (RR) 2.31 (95% CI 1.29 to 4.13), p=0.005). Likewise, MACE, MI, spontaneous MI or unplanned revascularisation occurred more frequently in patients with FFRCT≤0.80 versus patients with FFRCT>0.80. Each 0.10-unit FFRCTreduction was associated with a greater risk of the primary endpoint (RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.47 to 1.87), p<0.001).ConclusionsThe 12-month outcomes in patients with stable CAD show low rates of events in those with a negative FFRCTresult, and lower risk of an unfavourable outcome in patients with a negative test result compared with patients with a positive test result. Moreover, the FFRCTnumerical value was inversely associated with outcomes.
Contrasting trends in heart failure incidence in younger and older New Zealanders, 2006–2018
Authors: Chan Daniel Z L , Kerr Andrew , Grey Corina , Selak Vanessa , Lee Mildred Ai Wei , Lund Mayanna , Poppe Katrina , Doughty Rob N 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveStudies indicate that age-standardised heart failure (HF) incidence has been decreasing internationally; however, contrasting trends in different age groups have been reported, with rates increasing in younger people and decreasing in the elderly. We aimed to describe age-specific trends in HF incidence in New Zealand (NZ).MethodsIn this nationwide data linkage study, we used routinely collected hospitalisation data to identify incident HF hospitalisations in NZ residents aged ≥20 years between 2006 and 2018. Age-specific and age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for each calendar year. Joinpoint regression was used to compare incidence trends.Results116 113 incident HF hospitalisations were identified over the 13-year study period. Between 2006 and 2013, age-standardised incidence decreased from 403 to 323 per 100 000 (annual percentage change (APC) −2.6%, 95% CI −3.6 to −1.6%). This reduction then plateaued between 2013 and 2018 (APC 0.8%, 95% CI −0.8 to 2.5%). Between 2006 and 2018, rates in individuals aged 20–49 years old increased by 1.5% per year (95% CI 0.3 to 2.7%) and decreased in those aged ≥80 years old by 1.2% per year (95% CI −1.7 to −0.7%). Rates in individuals aged 50–79 years old initially declined from 2006 to 2013, and then remained stable or increased from 2013 to 2018. The proportion of HF hospitalisations associated with ischaemic heart disease decreased from 35.1% in 2006 to 28.0% in 2018.ConclusionHF remains an important problem in NZ. The decline in overall incidence has plateaued since 2013 due to increasing rates of HF in younger age groups despite an ongoing decline in the elderly.
Oxygen Poisoning in a Hyperbaric Environment
Authors: Young J. Murray 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe biochemical mechanisms of oxygen poisoning are discussed together with the signs and symptoms produced clinically. Investigation of 35 subjects performing work (mean 02 consumption 1.4 l./min) for 40 minutes in a pressure chamber at simulated depths of 20 to 47 feet of sea water showed that this degree of exercise markedly reduced the oxygen exposure tolerance of the subjects. This investigation also showed that rapid decompression of subjects breathing oxygen can produce an exacerbation of existing symptoms and these results are discussed.It is stressed that any breathing mixture containing a partial pressure of oxygen in excess of 150 torr constitutes an environment which is hyperbaric with respect to oxygen and caution is advised in the administration of oxygen to any patient.
Factors Governing Techniques of Gastric Drainage
Authors: Watt James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeptic ulceration is a major problem in the Royal Navy and the rate of invaliding is high. Satisfactory gastric drainage and normal chymodynamics are essential requirements in operations designed for the seafarer. Current surgical techniques fail to take account of the complex anatomical and physiological mechanisms of the gastroduodenal junction. The results of studies of the blood supply and dynamics of the gastroduodenal junction are reported and the techniques of three new gastroduodenal drainage procedures are described.
An Appraisal of Inflatable Splints
Authors: Quinnell R. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany of the features of the currently available inflatable splints are described, with particular reference to the little used femur splint. The paper, which starts with a history of pneumatic splints, was inspired by the surprising number of people, even doctors and nurses, who, though they might have heard of inflatable splints, had never seen them demonstrated or used.
A Personal Approach to the Treatment of Verrucae
Authors: Broughton R. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVerrueae or warts of the soles are notoriously stubborn to all forms of treatment. They tend to recur and as many as 20 per cent may show this tendency. The many methods of dealing with them, ranging from the orthodox to Tom Saw-year’s method of burying a dead cat in the Church graveyard at midnight, are in themselves an admission of failure leading to frustration in both patient and doctor alike. In a minority of cases superficial X-ray therapy is tried as a last resort and should this fail the unhappy patient resorts to insoles, plasters, chiropody and finally to treating himself. It is true to say, whilst no patient likes having verrueae, no doctor enjoys treating them.
Assessment of Renal Function Using 99mTc – DTPA (Sn)
Authors: Macleod M. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing an IV injection of lmCi 99mTc – DTPA (Sn) 1.000 sec data are collected using a gamma camera and computer. Sixteen 60 sec frames are displayed on a Varian Statos grey-scale hard copy to give a qualitative dynamic display of renal uptake and excretion of chelate, and demonstrate the renal parenchyma and excretory system. Concurrent computer processing of the data produces combined uptake/excretion curves for both kidneys. Subsequently the glomerular filtration rate is measured using an external arm counting technique. Combining the results gives static and dynamic scintigrams of the renal parenchymal and collecting systems and a quantitative assessment of renal function.
High p16INK4a, a marker of cellular senescence, is associated with renal injury, impairment and outcome in lupus nephritis
Authors: Tilman Gaëlle , Bouzin Caroline , Aydin Selda , Tamirou Farah , Galant Christine , Coulie Pierre G , Houssiau Frédéric , Lauwerys Bernard , Limaye Nisha 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesBecause a significant fraction of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) develops renal impairment, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying disease progression. Here, we assessed for cellular senescence in the LN kidney, and its association with disease severity and outcome.MethodsWe enumerated the number of cells positive for p16INK4a protein, a marker of cellular senescence, by immunohistochemistry followed by digital quantification, on renal biopsies from 40 patients with active LN. We tested for an association of p16INK4a with renal fibrosis, CD8+ T cell infiltration, systemic disease and renal function at baseline and at 5 years.ResultsThe presence of p16INK4a-positive cells was significantly associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline and 5 years post-treatment, independently of patient demographics and systemic disease parameters. It was also associated with higher baseline renal fibrosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Interestingly, we observed marked spatial co-distribution of glomerular p16INK4a-positive cells with CD8+ T cells.ConclusionWe demonstrate, for the first time, that LN biopsies characterised by renal impairment display increased p16INK4a-positive cells, associated with higher fibrosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Cellular senescence may represent a kidney-intrinsic disease mechanism and potentially, a novel therapeutic target in LN.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Vascular Inflammation After Recanalization in a Rat Ischemic Stroke Model
Authors: Franx Bart A.A. , Van der Toorn Annette , Van Heijningen Caroline , Vivien Denis , Bonnard Thomas , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Brain imaging has become central in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Detection of parenchymal injury and perfusion enables characterization of the extent of ischemic damage, which guides treatment decision-making. Additional assessment of secondary events, such as inflammation, which may particularly arise after recanalization, may improve diagnosis and (supplementary) treatment selection. Therefore, we developed and tested a molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach for in vivo detection of vascular inflammation after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Methods:

Molecular MRI of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression was performed with a targeted contrast agent, in addition to MR angiography, and diffusion-, T
2
- and perfusion-weighted MRI, from 1 hour until 96 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Results:
VCAM-1 expression, detected with susceptibility-weighted MRI, was significantly enhanced at 6 hours after recanalization as compared with 1-hour postrecanalization, coinciding with a transient decline in perfusion after initial hyperperfusion. VCAM-1 levels declined after 24 hours, but remained elevated, particularly in lesion borderzones.

Conclusions:
The implementation of molecular MRI of vascular inflammation into imaging protocols after acute ischemic stroke could provide complementary information that may guide treatment decision-making before and after recanalization therapy.
Slow Looking at Slow Art: The Work of Pierre Bonnard
Authors: Chamberlain Rebecca , Pepperell Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Slow looking is an increasingly prevalent strategy for enhancing visitor engagement in the gallery, yet there is little research to show why looking at artworks for longer should be beneficial. The curator of a recent exhibition of Pierre Bonnard at the Tate Gallery in London encouraged viewers to look slowly in order to enrich their experience of Bonnard’s paintings. This article explores some of the reasons why Bonnard’s work, in particular, rewards the viewer who spends more time studying it. The authors draw on various scientific studies of the ways in which observers process color contrasts, spatial configuration and figure-ground segregation in artworks and in everyday vision. They propose that prolonged interactions with works of art can facilitate perceptual learning, and they suggest ways in which these effects could be empirically studied using psychological methods.
Designing Location-Specific 3D-Printed Vessels Using Mobile-Based Multisensor Data Fusion
Authors: Found Paul D. , Hsu Chun-Cheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This statement presents an innovative creative process for designing ceramic vessels. The authors detail how three disparate concepts—mobile device-driven creativity, digitally designed and fabricated ceramics, and multisensor data fusion—are unified and applied to an emerging practice in which sensor data are used to generate vessel designs via a prototype smartphone app. In a pilot study users in a variety of locations tested the app, and their designs were 3D printed, with location becoming a tangible parameter. Results show the feasibility of using data fusion, mobile devices and digital fabrication to create physical, location-specific artifacts. Broad implications and potential ways forward are then discussed.
The Swedish translation of Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ): A test-retest reliability study in two dementia nursing homes
Authors: Thunborg Charlotta , Salzman-Erikson Martin , Olsson Annakarin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire measures perception of restraint in a 17-item questionnaire. The aim of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of the PRUQ as a measure of staff attitudes to restraint in elderly older persons care for people with dementia from two different nursing homes, and its ability to produce reliable results.MethodsTwenty-six staff members from two different nursing homes completed the 17-item PRUQ twice with 14–21 days between time points. As the questionnaire has already been translated in another study, the current study evaluated total item scores, mean, internal consistency, and intraclass correlation for reliability purposes.ResultsThe internal consistency Cronbach’s Alpha were ˃ ≥0.726. The Intraclass correlation (ICC) between test and retest was moderate to good for the three subscales, with ICC (A,1) and ICC (C,1) values approximately equal and in the range 0.480–0.962. A Bland-Altman plot of the PRUQ total mean scores illustrates no systematic change in the mean.ConclusionsThe Swedish version of the PRUQ shows mainly good reliability. Therefore, we suggest that researchers continue to develop the PRUQ to be an even higher reliable questionnaire of health care professionals’ perceptions of measure for restraint use in nursing homes for persons with dementia.
Optical biometry and influence of media opacity due to cataract on development of axial length in NorthEast Indian paediatric patients- A prospective study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Harsha , Buragohain Suklengmung , Javeri Henal , Deshmukh Saurabh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
To study the influence of media opacity due to cataract on the development of axial length in paediatric patients from North-East India, using optical biometry.

Method
This is a prospective, observational study, including consecutive patients attending the paediatric ophthalmology clinic, over a period of 1 year. Patients with other ocular and systemic diseases, unfit for optical biometry measurements due to dense cataract, nystagmus and strabismus were excluded and rest divided into three groups after proper age matching – 1. Group A (Bilateral cataract) 2. Group B (Unilateral cataract) 3. Group C (Bilateral normal). The axial length of the various groups was analysed using independent sample test (for bilateral cataract group) and paired t-test (for unilateral cataract group). Linear regression analysis between age and axial length was done.

Results
A total of 177 patients were included.80 cases in Group A (bilateral cataract), 18 cases in Group B (unilateral cataract) and 79 in Group C (bilateral normal) The mean age of the patients in all the groups was 8.88 ± 3.51 years (range: 1–17 years). The bivariate analysis and simple linear regression revealed a statistically significant correlation between age and AL in case of cataractous eyes. (Pearson’s coefficient: 0.341, p < 0.001). The mean AL was significantly longer (p = 0.013) in the cataractous eyes (mean = 23.38 ± 2.08 mm) of Group A(bilateral cataract) in the 7–12 years age group as compared to the bilaterally normal eyes (mean AL = 22.57 ± 0.70 mm) of patients in the same age group in Group C. The mean AL of cataractous eyes in group B (unilateral cataract) (mean = 22.46 ± 1.73 mm) as compared to the fellow normal eyes, (mean = 21.87 ± 0.97 mm) was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Cataractous eyes have an abnormal axial length development. The influence of media opacity due to cataract on development of axial length in paediatric eyes in the North-East Indian population is variable, in line with global data on the same. Although there is some influence of media opacity, the exact nature is not clearly understood and may have a crucial interaction with genetic and other environmental factors. Genetic testing integrated with biometric analysis is recommended for further understanding of the ocular growth and development.
The characteristics and factors of the internalizing and externalizing behaviours of children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ding Ning , Gao Huiyun , Jiang Jiying , Zhai Mengyao , Shao Huan , Fu Linyan , Li Chunyan , Ren Yanling , Li Yu , Feng Min , Cui Xiwen , Qiu Nana , Jin Peiying , Ke Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The behavioral characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not only affected by their disease, but also by their parenting environment. HR-ASD has the risk of developing internalization and externalization problems. How the early development of these behavioral problems is affected by parent-child interaction is worth exploring. We tested whether parent-child interactions and parenting characteristics were associated with behavioural problems during the infant periods.

Methods
This study collected data from 91 infants at high risk for ASD and 68 matched typically developing (TD) infants, about their internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems and engagement states (i.e. positive, negative, and parent-child interactions), using free play paradigm. Parent measures were assessed using the Broad Autism Phenotypic Questionnaire (BAPQ) and Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) questionnaire. The core symptoms of ASD were assessed using the the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS).

Results
During free play, infants in the HR-ASD group showed more internalizing (P < 0.001) and externalizing (P < 0.05) behaviours and less positive engagement (P < 0.01) than the TD group. In the regression analysis, we found that parenting stress had an impact on the infants’ externalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.215). Parent negative engagement had an impact on the infants’ internalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.451).

Conclusions
The present study revealed that children at high risk for ASD exhibited more severe internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems than TD group. The parent negative engagement is associated with behavioural problems. The findings on the contribution of parents’ factors to behavioural problems suggests that the parenting stress and parent-child interactions are important factors for mitigating behavioural problems.
Structural and functional stability of the sulfur-free surfactant protein B peptide mimic B-YL in synthetic surfactant lipids
Authors: Walther Frans J. , Sharma Shantanu , Gordon Larry M. , Waring Alan J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Optimal functionality of synthetic lung surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants largely depends on the quality and quantity of the surfactant protein B (SP-B) peptide mimic and the lipid mixture. B-YL peptide is a 41-residue sulfur-free SP-B mimic with its cysteine and methionine residues replaced by tyrosine and leucine, respectively, to enhance its oxidation resistance.

Aim
Testing the structural and functional stability of the B-YL peptide in synthetic surfactant lipids after long-term storage.

Methods
The structural and functional properties of B-YL peptide in surfactant lipids were studied using three production runs of B-YL peptides in synthetic surfactant lipids. Each run was held at 5 °C ambient temperature for three years and analyzed with structural and computational techniques, i.e., MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, ATR-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), secondary homology modeling of a preliminary B-YL structure, and tertiary Molecular Dynamic simulations of B-YL in surfactant lipids, and with functional methods, i.e., captive bubble surfactometry (CBS) and retesting in vivo surface activity in surfactant-deficient young adult rabbits.

Results
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry showed no degradation of the B-YL peptide as a function of stored time. ATR-FTIR studies demonstrated that the B-YL peptide still assumed stable alpha-helical conformations in synthetic surfactant lipids. These structural findings correlated with excellent in vitro surface activity during both quasi-static and dynamic cycling on CBS after three years of cold storage and in vivo surface activity of the aged formulations with improvements in oxygenation and dynamic lung compliance approaching those of the positive control surfactant Curosurf®.

Conclusions
The structure of the B-YL peptide and the in vitro and in vivo functions of the B-YL surfactant were each maintained after three years of refrigeration storage.
Physical fitness of children and youth with asthma in comparison to the reference population
Authors: Hanssen-Doose Anke , Jaeschke Robert , Niessner Claudia , Oriwol Doris , Worth Annette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical fitness is an essential marker of health. The literature regarding the question of whether individuals with asthma have reduced physical fitness compared to their non-asthmatic peers is inconsistent and focuses on the cardiorespiratory endurance dimension. This study provides a comparison of different dimensions of physical fitness in individuals with and without asthma on the basis of the German population-based study “KiGGS” (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) and its in-depth study “MoMo” (2009–2012: wave 1 and 2014–2017: wave 2).MethodsIn total, 7731 individuals aged 6–30 years were included in this cross-sectional analysis at two measurement waves, including 353 individuals with and 7378 without asthma. The 12-month prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was assessed by interview. Physical fitness was measured by six test items of the MoMo test profile. “Cardiorespiratory endurance” was measured by an ergometric test, “muscular strength” by standing long jump, push-ups and sit-ups and “coordination” by jumping sideways and balancing backwards. Because of the broad age range of the sample, age- and sex-specific percentiles were used. Physical activity, age, gender and general state of health were assessed by questionnaire.ResultsThe individuals with asthma reported a poorer general state of health at both measurement waves. However, the results of the fitness tests indicated that they were as physically fit as their peers without asthma in relation to cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength. The mean percentiles were all within the same range. The results of the comparisons of coordination performance were inconsistent. At wave 1 they were within the same range, at wave 2 individuals with asthma showed a poorer coordination performance (p = 0.041; HL = 4.125, CI of HL 0.155–8.125).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the physical fitness of individuals with and without asthma by considering several dimensions of physical fitness. The study demonstrates that cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength are not reduced in individuals with asthma. The results of the comparisons at the two measurement waves were remarkably stable.