bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradually progressive cholangiolocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Akiyama Kosuke , Abe Tomoyuki , Oshita Akihiko , Shimizu Akinori , Hanada Keiji , Yonehara Shuji , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki , Noriyuki Toshio , Nakahara Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC) is a relatively rare primary liver tumor. We present a literature review and case report of a patient who presented with a slow-growing CoCC that was completely resected after a 5-year follow-up period.

Case presentation
The patient was a 66-year-old man with a history of inflammatory thoracic and intra-abdominal pseudo-tumors. He was regularly followed up at our hospital for partial dilation of the pancreatic duct branch located in the body of the pancreas. Five years earlier, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a small tumor in liver segment 4. Radiological findings were suggestive of hemangioma. Tumor size gradually increased during the 5-year follow-up period. CT scans showed that the tumor had progressed in size from 10 to 20 mm. Positron emission tomography CT revealed an accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (standardized uptake value max 5.3) at the tumor site. The tumor exhibited high intensity on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images of ethoxybenzyl magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor showed high intensity during the early phase but low intensity during the hepatobiliary phase. Tumor markers were within their respective normal ranges. Suspecting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, left hepatectomy was performed. The tumor was diagnosed as CoCC based on pathological findings. The patient’s post-operative course was uneventful. The patient survived for a year, without any recurrence.

Conclusions
In cases dealing with small tumor sizes, it is difficult to distinguish between CoCC and hemangioma due to their similar radiological findings. Thus, it is important to consider the diagnosis of CoCC in small benign hepatic tumors. As such, follow-up radiological examination is recommended.
Immune cell targeting nanoparticles: a review
Authors: Lee Na Kyeong , Kim Se-Na , Park Chun Gwon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Immune cells are attractive targets for therapy as they are direct participants in a variety of diseases. Delivering a therapeutic agent only to cells that act on a disease by distinguishing them from other cells has the advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and lowering systemic side effects. Distinguishing each immune cell from other immune cells to deliver substances, including drugs and genes, can be achieved using nanotechnology. And also nanoparticles can ensure in vivo stability and sustained drug release. In addition, there is an ease of surface modification, which is an important characteristic that can be utilized in targeted drug delivery systems. This characteristic allows us to utilize various properties that are specifically expressed in each immune cell. A number of studies have delivered various substances specifically to immune cells through surface engineering with active target ligands that can target each immune cell and enzyme-responsive coating, and demonstrated high therapeutic effects compared to conventional treatments. Progress in research on target delivery has been suggested to be a breakthrough for the treatments of various diseases, including cancer treatment.
Efficacy and safety of rhBMP/β-TCP in alveolar ridge preservation: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, investigator-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Han Jeong Joon , Chang Ah. Ryum , Ahn Jaemyung , Jung Seunggon , Hong Jongrak , Oh Hee-Kyun , Hwang Soon Jung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, investigator-blinded study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) combined with β-TCP (rhBMP-2/β-TCP) in alveolar ridge preservation.

Materials and methods
Eighty-four subjects from three centers were enrolled in this clinical trial. After tooth extraction, rhBMP-2/β-TCP (n = 41, test group) or β-TCP (n = 43, control group) were grafted to the extraction socket with an absorbable barrier membrane for alveolar ridge preservation. Using computed tomography images obtained immediately after and 12 weeks after surgery, changes in the alveolar bone height and width were analyzed for each group and compared between the two groups.

Results
Both the test and control groups showed a significant decrease in alveolar bone height in the 12 weeks after surgery (both groups, p < 0.0001). However, the test group exhibited a significantly lower decrease in alveolar bone height than the control group (p = 0.0004). Alveolar bone width also showed significantly less resorption in the test group than in the control group for all extraction socket levels (ESL) (p = 0.0152 for 75% ESL; p < 0.0001 for 50% ESL; p < 0.0001 for 25% ESL). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. No severe adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that rhBMP-2/β-TCP is a safe graft material that provides a high alveolar bone preservation effect in patients receiving dental extraction.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02714829, Registered 22 March 2016
The academic performance of students with a migrant background: evidence from a cohort enrolled at Sapienza University of Rome
Authors: Giudici Cristina , Trappolini Eleonora , Vicari Donatella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the demographic characteristics and academic performances of foreign students with an Italian educational background in a cohort of 1st-year Bachelor students enrolled at Sapienza University of Rome, in the a.y. 2012/2013, comparing them to Italian and to International students. First, we employed a discrete-time competing risk hazard model to analyse differences in academic performances between Italian, foreign students with an Italian educational background and foreign students with a foreign educational background. Second, we applied regression trees to investigate final grades and the time-to-degree completion of Bachelor’s degree holders. Results show differences in the academic performances of foreign students with an Italian educational background compared to Italian students. Policies are needed, these results suggest, that strengthen opportunities for students from a migrant background since high school.
Distribution of G6PD deficiency genotypes among Southeast Asian populations
Authors: Tantular Indah S. , Kawamoto Fumihiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a group of X-linked, hereditary genetic disorders caused by mutations in the G6PD gene and results in functional variants of about 400 biochemical and clinical phenotypes. Among them, more than 215 genotypes have been identified so far. In this review, specific features of the genotype distribution in different communities and countries are discussed based on multiple reports and our molecular epidemiological studies of Southeast Asian countries. Particularly, in Indonesia, the frequency distribution of G6PD deficiency variants was distinct between western and eastern Indonesian populations, suggesting two different gene flows during Indonesian expansions.
Examining minimal important change of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure for subacute rehabilitation hospital inpatients
Authors: Ohno Kanta , Tomori Kounosuke , Sawada Tatsunori , Kobayashi Ryuji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an individualized patient-reported outcome designed to evaluate the self-perceptions of a patient’s occupational performance. Our study aimed to examine the minimal important change (MIC) in inpatients undergoing subacute rehabilitation. The MIC values were calculated using the three different anchor-based analyses with the transition index as an external criterion; the mean change method (MICMeanChange), the receiver operating characteristic (MICROC) analysis, and the predictive modeling method adjusted for the proportion of improved patients (MICadjust). In this study, the MICadjust value was considered as the most valid statistical method. We recruited 100 inpatients with various health conditions from subacute rehabilitation hospitals. Data were collected twice: an initial assessment and a reassessment one month later. The systematic interview format (Five Ws and How) was used for both the initial and second assessments to prevent information bias (response shift).

Results
Three patients who indicated deterioration on the transition index were excluded from all analyses, and 97 patients were analyzed in this study. The MICadjust values were 2.20 points (95% confidence interval 1.80–2.59) for the COPM performance score and 2.06 points (95% confidence interval 1.73–2.39) for the COPM satisfaction score. The MICMeanChange and MICROC values were considered less reasonable to interpret because the proportions of the improved patients subgroup were more than 50% (82.5%).

Conclusions
The MICadjust value estimates from this study can help detect whether the patients’ perceived occupational performance improved or did not change. The results support the multidisciplinary use of COPM in clinical practice and research on subacute rehabilitation inpatients.
Role of imaging in early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke: a literature review
Authors: Akbarzadeh Mohammad Amin , Sanaie Sarvin , Kuchaki Rafsanjani Mahshid , Hosseini Mohammad-Salar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStroke is a serious health condition that is responsible for more than 5% of total deaths. Near 20% of patients experiencing stroke die every year, resulting in the stroke being at the top of the list of preventable causes of death. Once an acute stroke is suspected, a golden hour of less than an hour is available to prevent the undesirable consequences. Since neuroimaging is mandatory in the diagnosis of stroke, the proper use of neuroimaging could help saving time and planning the right treatment for the patient. Some of the available imaging methods help us with rapid results, while others benefit us from a more accurate diagnosis. Hereby, we aim to provide a clinical review of the advantages and disadvantages of different available neuroimaging methods in approaching acute stroke to help clinicians choose the best method according to the settings.
Gamma knife radiosurgery in patients with Cushing's Disease: Is it a curative option?
Authors: Esene Ignatius N. , Elserry Tarek , Radwan Hesham , Mohammed Elsabaa Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The first line of treatment of Cushing’s disease (CD) is surgery. However, surgical resection is not amenable in all cases and the role of radiosurgical management of residual tumors or upfront treatment has been reported. Our study highlights the effectiveness and safety of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for the treatment of Cushing’s disease.

Methods
This was an ambidirectional descriptive cohort study on 16 consecutive patients with a confirmed Cushing’s disease that underwent Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKR) before July 2014 and assessed for outcome during the study period between January 2014 and June 2016 (30 Months). We included patients with a minimum of two years follow up. The main outcomes were biochemical remission and tumor volume control. Secondary outcomes were visual field changes and morbidity.

Results
Sixteen cases with CD were included into the study. The Mean age ± SD was 34.81 ± 10.10 years. The male to female sex ratio was 1:3.
Six cases (37.5%) were de novo. Normalization of hypersecretion at 2 years was achieved in 13 cases (81.3%).The median hormone normalization time was 23 months. Tumor volume control was achieved in all the cases, whereas tumor shrinkage was achieved in (10 cases) 62.5%. The median shrinkage time was 13 months. Of the 12 eyes with pre-Gamma Knife visual affection, 8 (75%) normalized, 4 (25%) improved, and none deteriorated. No patient developed new hypopituitarism after GK radiosurgery. One case developed diplopia at 24 months follow up from abducens palsy. No mortality occurred in our series.

Conclusion
Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment option for Cushing’s disease. It can be used as a complementary therapeutic procedure to classic surgery or as a first line treatment in selected number of patients.
Clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with gut microbiome structure in African and Asian elephants
Authors: Keady Mia M. , Prado Natalia , Lim Haw Chuan , Brown Janine , Paris Steve , Muletz-Wolz Carly R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The gut microbiome is important to immune health, metabolism, and hormone regulation. Understanding host–microbiome relationships in captive animals may lead to mediating long term health issues common in captive animals. For instance, zoo managed African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) experience low reproductive rates, high body condition, and gastrointestinal (GI) issues. We leveraged an extensive collection of fecal samples and health records from the Elephant Welfare Study conducted across North American zoos in 2012 to examine the link between gut microbiota and clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones in captive elephants. We quantified gut microbiomes of 69 African and 48 Asian elephants from across 50 zoos using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene.

Results
Elephant species differed in microbiome structure, with African elephants having lower bacterial richness and dissimilar bacterial composition from Asian elephants. In both species, bacterial composition was strongly influenced by zoo facility. Bacterial richness was lower in African elephants with recent GI issues, and richness was positively correlated with metabolic hormone total triiodothyronine (total T3) in Asian elephants. We found species-specific associations between gut microbiome composition and hormones: Asian elephant gut microbiome composition was linked to total T3 and free thyroxine (free T4), while fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were linked to African elephant gut microbiome composition. We identified many relationships between bacterial relative abundances and hormone concentrations, including Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., and Akkermansia spp.

Conclusions
We present a comprehensive assessment of relationships between the gut microbiome, host species, environment, clinical health issues, and the endocrine system in captive elephants. Our results highlight the combined significance of host species-specific regulation and environmental effects on the gut microbiome between two elephant species and across 50 zoo facilities. We provide evidence of clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with the gut microbiome structure of captive elephants. Our findings establish the groundwork for future studies to investigate bacterial function or develop tools (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, dietary manipulations) suitable for conservation and zoo management.
Early life skin microbial trajectory as a function of vertical and environmental transmission in Bornean foam-nesting frogs
Authors: McGrath-Blaser Sarah , Steffen Morgan , Grafe T. Ulmar , Torres-Sánchez María , McLeod David S. , Muletz-Wolz Carly R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe amphibian skin microbiome is an important mediator of host health and serves as a potential source of undiscovered scientifically significant compounds. However, the underlying modalities of how amphibian hosts obtain their initial skin-associated microbiome remains unclear. Here, we explore microbial transmission patterns in foam-nest breeding tree frogs from Southeast Asia (Genus:Polypedates) whose specialized breeding strategy allows for better delineation between vertically and environmentally derived microbes. To facilitate this, we analyzed samples associated with adult frog pairs taken after mating—including adults of each sex, their foam nests, environments, and tadpoles before and after environmental interaction—for the bacterial communities using DNA metabarcoding data (16S rRNA). Samples were collected from frogs in-situ in Brunei, Borneo, a previously unsampled region for amphibian-related microbial diversity.ResultsAdult frogs differed in skin bacterial communities among species, but tadpoles did not differ among species. Foam nests had varying bacterial community composition, most notably in the nests’ moist interior. Nest interior bacterial communities were discrete for each nest and overall displayed a narrower diversity compared to the nest exteriors. Tadpoles sampled directly from the foam nest displayed a bacterial composition less like the nest interior and more similar to that of the adults and nest exterior. After one week of pond water interaction the tadpole skin microbiome shifted towards the tadpole skin and pond water microbial communities being more tightly coupled than between tadpoles and the internal nest environment, but not to the extent that the skin microbiome mirrored the pond bacterial community.ConclusionsBoth vertical influence and environmental interaction play a role in shaping the tadpole cutaneous microbiome. Interestingly, the interior of the foam nest had a distinct bacterial community from the tadpoles suggesting a limited environmental effect on tadpole cutaneous bacterial selection at initial stages of life. The shift in the tadpole microbiome after environmental interaction indicates an interplay between underlying host and ecological mechanisms that drive community formation. This survey serves as a baseline for further research into the ecology of microbial transmission in aquatic animals.
Egyptian practical guidance in hypertriglyceridemia management 2021
Authors: Taha Hesham Salah El Din , Kandil Hossam , Farag Nabil , Oraby Abbas , Sharkawy Magdy El , Fawzy Fouad , Mahrous Hossam , Bahgat Juliette , Samy Mina , Aboul Mohamed , Abdrabou Mostafa , Shaker Mirna Mamdouh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a very common, yet underappreciated problem in clinical practice. Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Furthermore, severe HTG may lead to acute pancreatitis. Although LDL-guided statin therapy has improved ASCVD outcomes, residual risk remains. Recent trials have demonstrated that management of high TG levels, in patients already on statin therapy, reduces the rate of major vascular events. Few guidelines were issued, providing important recommendations for HTG management strategies. The goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of ASCVD and acute pancreatitis. The management stands on lifestyle modification, detection of secondary causes of HTG and pharmacological therapy, when indicated. In this guidance we review the causes and classification of HTG and summarize the current methods for risk estimation, diagnosis and treatment. The present guidance provides a focused update on the management of HTG, outlined in a simple user-friendly format, with an emphasis on the latest available data.
Using a participatory method to test a strategy supporting the implementation of a state policy on screening children for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a Federally Qualified Health Center system: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: Perez Jolles Monica , Mack Wendy J. , Reaves Christina , Saldana Lisa , Stadnick Nicole A. , Fernandez Maria E. , Aarons Gregory A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events occurring before age 18, such as maltreatment or exposure to violence. ACE screening is increasingly recommended to prevent and address physical and mental health conditions associated with ACEs. To promote ACE screening uptake, the state of California issued the “ACEs Aware” policy that provides Medicaid reimbursement for ACE screening annually for child primary care visits. However, policy directives alone often do not translate into effective screening efforts and greater access to care. Few rigorous studies have developed and tested implementation strategies for ACE pediatric screening policies. This study will fill this gap by testing a multifaceted implementation strategy in partnership with a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) system serving low-income families in Southern California to support the ACE Aware policy.

Methods
We will use Implementation Mapping, with study process and consideration of determinants and mechanisms guided by the EPIS framework, to co-create and refine an implementation strategy. The proposed strategy is comprised of online training videos, a customized algorithm and use of technology to improve workflow efficiency, implementation training to internal FQHC personnel, clinic support and coaching, and written implementation protocols. A hybrid type 2, stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with five primary care clinics will test whether a multifaceted implementation strategy improves (a) fidelity to the ACE screening protocol, (b) reach defined as the proportion of eligible children screened for ACEs, and (c) the impact of the ACE policy on child-level mental health referrals and symptom outcomes. The study will use mixed methods with data to include electronic health records, surveys, and interviews with clinic personnel and caregivers.

Discussion
This study is designed to increase the capacity of FQHCs’ inner context to successfully implement an outer context-initiated ACE policy designed to benefit pediatric patients. It capitalizes on a rare opportunity to use a co-creation approach to develop, adapt, refine, and pilot test an implementation strategy to maximize the impact of a new state-wide policy intended to improve ACE assessment and subsequent care to improve child health, particularly those from underserved communities.

Trial registration
Trial # NCT04916587 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on June 4, 2021.