bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll-a (2003-2019) in Lampung waters and surrounding area
Authors: Atmojo A T , Anwar I P , Adil I , Rohman A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the phytoplankton blooming phenomenon occurred at Lampung Waters. This event harms living organisms due to its toxicity or caused oxygen depletion. Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is the crucial biological parameter for simulating marine phytoplankton biomass. In this study, the monthly average of Chl-a ocean-color remote sensing data from 2003 to 2019 is investigated. The seasonal and interannual variability of Chl-a was analyzed in Lampung waters and its surrounding area. The study area was separated into three regions, namely the East Coast of Lampung waters, Lampung Bay and Sunda Strait area. The spatial pattern showed that the value of Chl-a on the east coast was higher than Lampung Bay and Sunda Strait, with a deal up to 7 mg/mg/m
3. The time series of spatial averages in three areas showed the seasonal and inter-annual variation. The monthly climatology of Chl-a in Lampung Bay more influenced by sea surface temperature. The maximum value occurs in October with Chl-a concentration was 0,87 mg/m
3. Meanwhile, the east coast area and Sunda Strait fit with the monthly rainfall pattern in the Lampung mainland. The maximum value occurs in February with Chl-a abundance were 2,49 mg/m
3 and 0,96 mg/m
3, respectively. The value indicated that the river runoff would be a significant impact on phytoplankton blooming. Otherwise, the interannual variability in three areas showed that the Lampung Bay was more influenced by Indian Ocean Dipole than the East Coast and Sunda Strait. The cross-correlation between Chl-a concentration and Dipole Mode Index in East Coast area, Lampung Bay, and Sunda Straits are -0.2, 0.5, and 0,1, with a significant level of 95%.
Strategy on marine debris reduction in Indonesia: a review and recommendation
Authors: Prabawa FY , Adi NS , Pranowo WS , Sukoraharjo SS , Gautama BG , Suhelmi IR 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2018, the Indonesian government started a program: National Action Plan on Marine Debris, with the target to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025. Based on local research’s result in 2018, there was an estimated 0,27 to 0,59 million tons (MT) of marine plastic debris on local seas. Thus, the target of 70% debris reduction would be at 0.35 MT per year, or the reduction of 29.500 Tons of debris per month. That is a huge number to deal with, considering there are only 4 years left to 2025. To achieve the program, a roadmap was developed, parallel to other supporting programs as well the regulations, a national task force TKN PSL also established to run the programs. But an intriguing question remains: how to improve the achievement of this challenging target in a limited time? This study aimed to figure out the progress of existing waste reduction programs and contribute the way to improve the program. The method is a combination of literature review to collect data, a comparative and analytical work and finally the development of concept and action plans to formulate recommendation. We concluded that to improve the achievement of the target, proper strategy and program are needed to accelerate and boost the progress of marine debris reduction programs. To strengthen the waste reduction effort, the use of technology needs to be strongly emphasized. The program is best to be imply directly on sites, using various integrated methods to reduce more marine debris. More units of waste processing TPS 3R or “Reuse, Reduce, Recycle” are in urgency to obtained. The units will be located along the water body areas covering upstream to downstream, inland as well on-water. For the on-water site works, a concept of the green technology-based system integrated with small-sized floating TPS 3R barge, called STAMSAL P2K, is recommended to be implemented in the action plans.
Mapping of IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready Indicators in the Pangandaran Village, Indonesia
Authors: De Silva Nusantara Candida Aulia , Windupranata Wiwin , Hayatiningsih Intan , Hanifa Nuraini Rahma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pangandaran Village is a tourist village located in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The beautiful view of sand beaches and abundant marine resources make Pangandaran Village has great economic potential. However, in 2006, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 Mw triggered a tsunami disaster in the Pangandaran area that caused more than 600 fatalities, injuries, and damage to buildings, especially in Pangandaran Village. Based on current research, there is potential for an 8.7 magnitude earthquake off the south coast of Java in the near future, triggering an enormous tsunami. The coastal community in Pangandaran Regency has been building a tsunami risk reduction strategy to anticipate the tsunami disaster. In Pangandaran Village, the local community is piloting the 12 tsunami ready indicators following the guideline from UNESCO-IOC. Therefore, this study aims to map 12 tsunami ready IOC-UNESCO indicators in Pangandaran Village to evaluate which indicators the government and community of Pangandaran Village. The method used in mapping 12 tsunami ready indicators in Pangandaran Village is to take data in the field by doing aerial photographs, conducting interviews with the village government and other related local stakeholders, mapping tsunami evacuation plan and infrastructure, and disseminating questionnaires to the community to find out the response to the tsunami disaster. Based on the IOC-UNESCO tsunami indicator mapping results, all indicators have been fulfilled. However, several other aspects of tsunami preparedness indicators still need to be improved to strengthen tsunami preparedness in Pangandaran.
The application of coupled 3d hydrodynamic and oil transport model to oil spill incident in karawang offshore, indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Dwiyoga , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Gusmawati Niken Financia , Nazal Zulkarnain Bilhaqqi , Rozali Randy Hasan Basri , Fuad Moh Arif Zainul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study presents a coupled hydrodynamic and oil transport numerical model to study the spread of Karawang oil spills at sea due to well-kick failures. This model uses the 3D configuration of ROMS-CROCO in the Java Sea. The model has a resolution of 1 km, 25 vertical layers, and runs from January 2019 to September 2019. Temperature, salinity, sea surface height, ocean currents, and harmonic tides are derived from global models and applied to open boundaries. Hourly atmospheric datasets during model simulation are forced as flux input in the surface. The 3D profile of the flow generated by the model is converted to the GNOME oil transport model format as mover type input to disperse the oil. The hydrodynamic model shows that the result has a good agreement with in-situ data and observation with mean of correlation exceeding r>0.8 for sea surface height and sea surface temperature. Compared with radar satellites, oil spill dispersion shows the same scattered trend as satellite data. Backward modelling shows oil particles returning to the initial spill location. The oil spill was moving westward, and some are stranded on the coast between Karawang and Bekasi.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Tidal Current in Balikpapan Bay Using Delft 3D
Authors: Fauzah Syarifah , Tarya Ayi , Ningsih Nining Sari 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Balikpapan is one of the main port cities with residential areas, industry, trade, and vital objects scattered from north to south along the coast of Balikpapan Bay. This dense activity increases traffic in Balikpapan Bay. Thus, the hydrodynamic conditions in these waters are essential to be reviewed. The purpose of this research is to simulate hydrodynamics in Balikpapan Bay. The simulation results of the hydrodynamic model for sea-level elevation values are close to the conditions in the field, as indicated by the correlation coefficient 0.98, skill 0.99, and RMSE 0.15 m. The ocean current velocity verification includes the average correlation for x-direction and y-direction, up to 0.93, RMSE 0.05 m, and the percentage error of 6.7%. The significant current velocity is at low tide during spring tide with an average of 0.1 m/s and a maximum speed of 1.62 m/s. Temporally, the observation point at the mouth of Balikpapan Bay has the most significant Bed Shear Stress magnitude with an average of 0.05 N/m2. Spatially, the highest Bed Shear Stress magnitude is at the time of spring tide when it recedes towards the tide with an average Bed Shear Stress in the bay of 0.16 N/m2. The most dominant tidal components are M2 and S2, with a contribution value of 65.3%. The phase propagation from mouth to upstream of Balikpapan Bay for the M2 component in Balikpapan Bay is 10.5° (22.77 minutes) and 5.5° (11 minutes) for the S2 component.
Wave driven Setup across the North Coast Region of West Java
Authors: Risandi J , Pranowo W S , Kuswardani A R T D , Husrin S , Solihuddin T , Akhwady R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wave energy dissipation on the surf zone is compensated with the increase of mean sea level, the so-called wave setup, within the area. This study used the numerical model Delft3D to investigate the dynamics of setup across the north coast region of West Java (Losari to Indramayu) influenced by monsoon variations. The wave forcing was obtained from previous field studies on Cirebon coastal region. The waves within the region were largely dissipated far from the coastline, mainly at the area between Babakan and Karangampel, due to the gentle slope of the North coast of Java. The waves approaching the shoreline were mainly influenced by the east monsoon associated with the longer fetch from that direction. The wave setup varied from ~0.03 to 0.15 m, with the maximum setup occurred near the coastline of the east (Losari) and west (Indramayu) parts of the model domain that consisted of steeper slopes. This, potentially inducing severe coastal inundation that became a serious problem across the coastlines. Meanwhile, the setup near the coastline of the middle area of the domain (Babakan to Karangampel) was very weak, which was correlated to the larger wave dissipation within the offshore area of that region.
Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Derived Bathymetry Model for Depth Extraction in Sorong Shallow Water Area
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Rizaldy Aldino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Marine research has continuously improved the methods in obtaining the related bathymetric data; not only relying on the conventional methods for i.e. echosounder-based methods, but also by incorporating satellite technology for i.e. passive remote sensing technology, in this case, satellite derived bathymetry (SDB). Regarding the SDB method, as we know, variation of sea bed cover can influence the relation between the spectral reflection of shallow water area and the depth of the sea. In this situation, normalization of the sea bed variation is needed. Previous studies have mentioned that the band ratio can help to normalize the variation of sea bed cover. This research is intended to compare the accuracy of satellite derived bathymetry by using single band and band ratio. Four bands of Sentinel 2A (blue, green, red, and NIR bands) are used along with a single beam echosounder (SBES) measurement data published in 2015 used as training and testing data for the SDB model. Furthermore, the influence of sun glint correction to the results was evaluated and the accuracy of the model was estimated. In total there are four single bands and six combinations of band ratio that are used for this research. The results show that green band outperformed band ratio in term of RMSE value. However, visually, only band ratio of blue/green band that provided a much more representative depth spatial distribution especially for shallow water area below 3 m. In this case, band ratio is effective in normalizing the variation of sea bed cover. Furthermore, the use of sun glint correction in the process is also increase accuracies of the SDB model. The highest accuracy was obtained when using green band after sun glint correction with RMSE value 2.999 m while when using band ratio of the blue band to the green band (blue/green), the accuracy was 3.624 m. In conclusion, SDB model to extend methods in obtaining bathymetry data is promising as more images become available free of charge and in various resolutions.
Effect of Turbidity, Temperature and Salinity of Waters on Depth Data from Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry
Authors: Saputra L R , Radjawane I M , Park H , Gularso H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The influence of seawater parameters cannot be ignored when conducting bathymetric LiDAR (Laser Induced Detection and Ranging or Light Detection and Ranging) surveys such as turbidity, temperature, and salinity. Turbidity affects the attenuation diffusion coefficient of the green laser is penetrating the air column. The comparison of LiDAR bathymetric depth with Secchi disk depth is used as a reference in determining the effect of turbidity. The results are in locations with primarily clear water the ability of LiDAR can penetrate up to 7m, while in turbid waters up to 3m. On average, the ability of the green laser LiDAR bathymetry can penetrate the waters of 1.5-2 times the depth at the location of this study around the bay of Lampung Indonesia. Other water parameters are temperature and salinity. These parameters are used to calculate the refractive index value of water. The Different temperature and salinity values in a water column can result in differences in the accuracy of the bathymetry LiDAR depth of 4-6mm. The influence of water column parameters can be a concern in planning and processing airborne LiDAR altimetry (ALB) surveys.
Study of Bathymetry and Seabed Morphology Changes Around Anak Krakatau Waters of 2018 Post-Eruption
Authors: Hanifa R A K , Bernawis L I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Anak Krakatau is an active volcanic mountain located in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. On December 22, 2018, this mountain erupted and the flank collapses off into the water. This changes the bathymetry and morphology of the seabed around the waters of Anak Krakatau volcano. This study uses bathymetry data surrounding the Anak Krakatau waters from the Indonesian Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Center (PUSHIDROSAL) in 2016 and 2019. The data were obtained by survey using Echosounder Multibeam System MBES EM2040 and EM302. By means of surface analysis method (hillshade), the data were process to observe the bathymetry and seabed morphology changes around the Anak Krakatau volcano waters by the eruption. The results of bathymetry data processing show a depth change of about 25 m, with the lowest value in 2016 ranging from -250,328 m and in 2019 ranging from -226.12 m. The average value of the slope of the seabed in 2016 was 5.31° and 4.98° in 2019.
Accuracy estimation of two global burned area products at national scale
Authors: Katagis T , Gitas I Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work we perform an initial assessment of the accuracy of two publicly available MODIS burned area products, MCD64A1 C6 and MODIS FireCCI51, at national scale in a Mediterranean region. The research focused on two fire seasons for the years 2016 and 2017 and comparison was performed against a higher resolution Sentinel-2 dataset. The specific objectives were to assess their capabilities in detection of fire events occurring primarily in forest and semi-natural lands and also to investigate their spatial uncertainties. The analysis combined monthly fire observations and accuracy metrics derived from error matrices. Satisfactory performance was achieved by the two products in detection of larger fires (> 100 ha) whereas their spatial performance exhibited good agreement with the reference data. MCD64A1 C6 exhibited a more consistent performance overall and the 250 m FireCCI51 product exhibited relatively higher sensitivity in detection of smaller (<100 ha) fires. Although additional work is required for a more rigorous assessment of the variability of these burned area products, our research has implications for their usability in fire-related applications at finer scales.
An overview of vegetation health in the North West Province, South Africa, between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Cole J , Sogayise S , Dudumashe N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The North West Province in South Africa is an important contributor to the country’s economy with agriculture and mining the main drivers. Droughts regularly affect the region and impact greatly on farming which in turn has negative socio-economic consequences. Multi-temporal satellite remote sensing data is well suited to study changes in vegetation health. Vegetation and temperature indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and rainfall data from the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) between 2010 and 2020 showed good vegetation health in 2010 and 2020, but gradually worsening drought condition in the intervening years. Although the entire North West Province is affected by drought, the central and western portions experience the worst conditions. The vegetation condition index, temperature condition index and vegetation health index show a faster recovery along the western edge of the province in 2018 than the rest of the province, a detail not easily visible in the conventional enhanced vegetation index and land surface temperature data. They also show a gradual decrease in vegetation health between 2010 and 2014. A comparison with geology shows that vegetation health is, in part, also linked to the underlying rock types.
Spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in the forest area of middle and high latitude of Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Shao Q , Huang C , Huang J F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Snow cover is an important part of cryosphere and the most seasonally changing land surface cover, which is sensitive to climate change. Previous studies showed that climate warming has already altered the extent and phenology of snow cover, which influences the plant phenology of the forest ecosystem. This research investigates the spatial distribution and temporal trend of snow cover in the forest area of mid and high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere (50°N-90°N,180°W-180°E) based on a satellite-derived snow dataset. Results showed that the spatial distribution of snow cover exhibits a latitudinal gradientin the mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The snow cover onset week (SCOW) and snow cover end week (SCEW) shortened significantly at a rate of 0.23 weeks/10 yr. and 0.48 weeks/10 yr., respectively (P<0.05). Cold season (CS) and snow cover persistence week (SCPW) shortened at a rate of 0.25 weeks/10 yr. and 0.16 weeks/10 yr. 19.62% of the study area showed a trend of a significant advance in SCOW, and 1.36% showed a trend of significant delay (P<0.05). For SCEW, 44.91% of regions showed significant advance and 1.91% of regions showed significant delay (P<0.05). CS was a significantly shorted trend (P<0.05) in 16.95% of the study area and showed a significantly extended trend (P<0.05) in 3.76% of the area. SCPW and CS were similar but different, indicating that transient snowfall exists in parts of the study area.
Forest ecological monitoring of the Shiyang River basin based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Wang Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Shiyang River basin is a typical inland arid region and one of the most fragile and sensitive areas of terrestrial ecosystems in China, and it is important to understand its ecological changes in a timely and accurate manner. This article selects the Shiyang River basin forest as the research area and uses Google Earth Engine (GEE) to evaluate and monitor the ecological environment quality of the Shiyang River basin from 1990 to 2020. The geographical detector model (GDM) was also used to analyse the sensitivity of the forest ecological environment to three natural factors: elevation, temperature and altitude. The results showed that the ecological quality of the natural forest is significantly better than that of the man-made forest area, and the ecological quality grade is higher. The forest change area RSEI has a large annual variation in ecological quality and is vulnerable to external factors. Among the influencing natural factors, the sensitive factors of precipitation and altitude are both greater than 84%. The temperature sensitivity of natural forests is stronger than that of man-made forests, ranging from 66% to 92% overall.
Satellite-based analysis of classification algorithms applied to the riparian zone of the Malaya Kokshaga river
Authors: Tarasova L V , Smirnova L N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper comparatively analyses the accuracy of land cover classification in the riparian zone of the Malaya Kokshaga river in the Mari El Republic of Russia using Sentinel-2A satellite images with the algorithms of supervised classification: Maximum Likelihood (ML), Decision Tree (DT) and Neural Net (NN) in the ENVI-5.2 software package. Six main classes of land cover were identified based on field studies: coniferous, mixed (deciduous), shrublands, herbaceous, and water. The assessment of the area and the structure of land cover showed that forest covers 76% of the entire territory of the riparian area of the Malaya Kokshaga river. The analysis of the results of thematic mapping shows that the overall classification accuracy obtained by the ML algorithm is 96.09%, by NN - 94.51%, and by DT - 86.54%. The producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy for most classes have the maximum value when the ML algorithm is used. For the NN algorithm, the maximum value of producer’s accuracy is observed for the mixed (deciduous) class, while for the DT algorithm – for the coniferous. When classified using all three algorithms the water and bare land classes were mixed, which requires more detailed work when estimating riparian forest ecosystems.
Enzymatic depolymerization of wheat straw polysaccharides
Authors: Makhatov Zh , Alibayev N , Konarbayeva Z , Makhatov B , Makhatova A , Doltayeva B , Torlanova B , Arystanbaev K , Shagrayeva B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for enzymatic processing for depolymerization of polysaccharides in wheat straw to obtain the maximum yield of glucose and sorbitol. Cellulolytic enzymes endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiose (1,3-β-glucosidase) (CF 3.2.1.21) were isolated and studied in local strains Tr. viride 121, which are grown under deep cultivation conditions. A technology has been developed for obtaining a complex preparation “Cellozyme G20x” with a high yield and specific activity of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase and pectinase, and a scheme for purification from cellulases by precipitation, ultrafiltration, and freeze drying is not inferior in efficiency to commercial preparations. The physicochemical properties of the preparation “Cellozyme G20x” have been studied, the optimal parameters of the action and stability of the enzyme preparation have been established. The efficiency of Cellozyme G20x for hydrolysis of straw polysaccharides was 35-40% in terms of glucose yield.
Study on the increase in power supply reliability for the consumers of electricity
Authors: Rakhmatov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The issues of increasing the reliability of power transformers used in power supply systems for agriculture and water management were discussed in this article.The degree of damage to the insulation of power transformers by the physical and chemical composition of the transformer oil and insulation of other parts was also investigated, materials on the assessment of the state of insulation by the degree of damage to the insulation of individual units of the power transformer were presented.