bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī (161–234/778–849): A Critical Reconstruction of His Biography and Evaluation of His Contribution to ḤadĪth Criticism
Authors: Su I-Wen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Considered precursors of ḥadīth criticism, the opinions of ʿAlī b. ʿAbdallāh b. Jaʿfar al-Madīnī (161–234/778–849), extensively cited by later ḥadīth scholars, have given considerable weight to the credibility of a ḥadīth and its transmitters. Despite his centrality to the science of ḥadīth, there is not a single monograph dedicated to him and his intellectual output in the scholarly literature in English. This article presents a critical reconstruction of his life. Although the biographical sources on ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī are copious, the earliest details, especially on evaluation of his scholarly accomplishment, are often tendentious and contradictory. There is also a controversy related to his submission to the miḥna. Analysis of these biographical reports intimates that the questioning voices mainly came from the early Ḥanbalī circle, while other scholars, comprising Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn’s disciples and non-Baghdadis, especially of Basran and Khurasani origins, tended to defend ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī. This paper argues that ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī’s unfaltering status as a leading ḥadīth critic can be attributed to the geographical outreach of his supporters, whose overall attitude towards the createdness of the Qurʾān is more tolerant compared with that of the Ḥanbalīs. More importantly, ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī’s contribution to the formation of ḥadīth criticism as a discipline was realized from early on, which is manifest in his knowledge of ʿilm al-rijāl and mastery of ʿilal al-ḥadīth. His theorization of ḥadīth transmission through the framework of the madār al-isnād also laid the epistemological foundation for the following ḥadīth critics in their formulation of the disciplinary history.
Developing and Validating the Communication Resilience Processes Scale
Authors: Wilson Steven R , Kuang Kai , Hintz Elizabeth A , Buzzanell Patrice M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
According to the communication theory of resilience (CTR; P. M. Buzzanell, 2010), people reintegrate from disruptive events and construct a new normal through five interrelated processes: (a) crafting normalcy; (b) affirming identity anchors; (c) maintaining/using communication networks; (d) constructing alternative logics; and (e) foregrounding productive action while backgrounding negative emotions. Enacting these processes creates tensions between continuity and change. This article develops a Communication Resilience Processes Scale (CRPS) to assess CTR processes in response to a variety of disruptive events. Items were created and refined via a scale development study with feedback from expert raters. Studies 2 and 3 offer initial support for the 32-item CRPS’ reliability and convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Models in which the five CTR processes are subsumed by a single, higher-order resilience factor versus two higher-order interrelated factors (continuity and change) are compared. Future directions for exploring continuity/change tensions and identifying CTR boundary conditions are discussed.
Safety and Tolerability of Mebendazole in Infants Under 1 Year of Age
Authors: Kahan Yaara , Lugassy-Akian Eve , Ovadia Adi , Dalal Ilan , Somekh Eli , Tasher Diana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the largest cohort to date of infants under 1 year of age treated with mebendazole. We evaluated the occurrence of mebendazole-associated clinical and laboratory toxicity as safety data in this age group are currently lacking.
From crops to shops: how agriculture can use circadian clocks
Authors: Hotta Carlos Takeshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKnowledge about environmental and biological rhythms can lead to more sustainable agriculture in a climate crisis and resource scarcity scenario. When rhythms are considered, more efficient and cost-effective management practices can be designed for food production. The circadian clock is used to anticipate daily and seasonal changes, organize the metabolism during the day, integrate internal and external signals, and optimize interaction with other organisms. Plants with a circadian clock in synchrony with the environment are more productive and use fewer resources. In medicine, chronotherapy is used to increase drug efficacy, reduce toxicity, and understand the health effects of circadian clock disruption. Here, I show evidence of why circadian biology can be helpful in agriculture. However, as evidence is scattered among many areas, they frequently lack field testing, integrate poorly with other rhythms, or suffer inconsistent results. These problems can be mitigated if researchers of different areas start collaborating under a new study area—circadian agriculture.
OTHR-01. Unmet clinical needs in patients with brain metastases in the current treatment era
Authors: Eggen Annemarie C , Bosma Ingeborg , Hiltermann Thijo J N , Hospers Geke A P , Reyners Anna K L , Jalving Mathilde 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Brain metastases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. With the implementation of effective treatments, long-term survival is possible for some patients. However, most patients still die of their disease. The uncertain prognosis and potentially high symptom burden make managing these patients complex. We aimed to identify the unmet needs in the care of patients with brain metastases.

Method
Consecutive patients with melanoma or NSCLC brain metastases completed questionnaires assessing distress (distress thermometer), quality-of-life (FACT-general), and information provided on potential symptoms, supportive care, and do-not-resuscitate code (study-specific questionnaire) between Nov’18-Nov’19. Separate focus groups were organized with patients with melanoma brain metastases, primary caregivers of deceased patients, and general practitioners. The results were discussed with hospital-based healthcare professionals to identify additional issues.

Results
Questionnaires were completed by 59 patients (25 melanoma, 34 NSCLC) at a median time after brain metastases diagnosis of 11.5 months (range: 0.7–88). Thirty-five patients (59%) experienced distress (distress thermometer ≥4), and 20 patients (34%) expressed interest in supportive care. Furthermore, 40 patients (68%) remembered being informed about potential brain metastases symptoms, and 18 patients (31%) would have liked more information on potential symptoms. Psychosocial support was offered to 31 patients (53%) and 17/51 primary caregivers (33%). Patients emphasized that, despite potential information overload, they preferred to be fully informed about potential symptoms, treatments including outcomes, and psychosocial support availability. Caregivers highlighted the caregiver burden and importance of advance care planning. General practitioners were keen for guidelines on brain metastases symptom management in the home setting. Hospital-based professionals advocated a structured approach, with early identification of palliative care needs and an overview of involved healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
Our results highlight the need for structured, multidisciplinary management of patients with brain metastases with special attention to symptom and caregiver burden, information provision, and advance care planning.
KBc algebra and the gauge invariant overlap in open string field theory
Authors: Arroyo E Aldo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study in detail the evaluation of the gauge invariant overlap for analytic solutions constructed out of elements in the $KBc$ algebra in open string field theory. We compute this gauge invariant observable using analytical and numerical techniques based on the sliver frame $\mathcal{L}_0$ and traditional Virasoro $L_0$ level expansions of the solutions.
Establishing a counter-empathy processing model: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jie Jing , Fan Min , Yang Yong , Luo Pinchao , Wang Yijing , Li Junjiao , Chen Wei , Zhuang Mengdi , Zheng Xifu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCounter-empathy significantly affects people’s social lives. Previous evidence indicates that the degree of counter-empathy can be either strong or weak. Strong counter-empathy easily occurs when empathizers are prejudiced against the targets of empathy (e.g. prejudice against outgroup members) and activates brain regions that are opposite to those activated by empathy. Weak counter-empathy may have different neural processing paths from strong ones, but its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, we used an unfair distribution paradigm, which can reduce participants’ prejudice against persons empathized with, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural mechanisms underlying counter-empathy. Here, empathy and counter-empathy shared a common neural mechanism, induced by unfair distribution, in the right middle temporal gyrus. Counter-empathy activated distinct brain regions that differed from those of empathic responses in different situations. The functions of these brain regions, which included the middle frontal, middle temporal and left medial superior gyri, were similar and mostly related to emotional regulation and cognitive processing. Here, we propose a process model of counter-empathy, involving two processing paths according to whether or not prejudice exists. This study has theoretical significance and broadens our understanding of the cognitive neural mechanisms underlying empathy and counter-empathy.
Once-nightly sodium oxybate (FT218) demonstrated improvement of symptoms in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial in patients with narcolepsy
Authors: Kushida Clete A , Shapiro Colin M , Roth Thomas , Thorpy Michael J , Corser Bruce C , Ajayi Akinyemi O , Rosenberg Russell , Roy Asim , Seiden David , Dubow Jordan , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
To assess the efficacy and safety of FT218, a novel once-nightly formulation of sodium oxybate (ON-SXB), in patients with narcolepsy in the phase 3 REST-ON trial.

Methods
Narcolepsy patients aged ≥16 years were randomized 1:1 to uptitration of ON-SXB (4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 g) or placebo. Three coprimary endpoints were change from baseline in mean sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement rating, and weekly cataplexy attacks at 9, 7.5, and 6 g. Secondary endpoints included change from baseline on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Safety included adverse drug reactions and clinical laboratory assessments.

Results
In total, 222 patients were randomized; 212 received ≥1 dose of ON-SXB (n = 107) or placebo (n = 105). For the three coprimary endpoints and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, all three doses of ON-SXB demonstrated clinically meaningful, statistically significant improvement versus placebo (all p &lt; 0.001). For ON-SXB 9 g versus placebo, increase in mean sleep latency was 10.8 versus 4.7 min (Least squares mean difference, LSMD [95% CI], 6.13 [3.52 to 8.75]), 72.0% versus 31.6% were rated much/very much improved on Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (OR [95% CI], 5.56 [2.76 to 11.23]), change in mean weekly number of cataplexy attacks was –11.5 versus –4.9 (LSMD [95% CI], –6.65 [–9.32 to –3.98]), and change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale was –6.5 and –2.7 (LSMD [95% CI], –6.52 [–5.47 to –2.26]). Common adverse reactions included nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and enuresis.

Conclusions
ON-SXB significantly improved narcolepsy symptoms; its safety profile was consistent with SXB. ON-SXB conferred efficacy with a clearly beneficial single nighttime dose.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02720744, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02720744.
Circular RNA expression profiles in human bronchial epithelial cells treated with beryllium sulfate
Authors: Liu Yan-ping , Cai Ying , Lei Yuan-di , Yuan Xiao-yan , Wang Ye , Yi Shan , Li Xun-ya , Huang Lian , Long Ding-xin , Zhang Zhao-hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), is a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Beryllium is one of the carcinogenesis elements. However, the mechanism and function of circRNAs in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) induced by beryllium sulfate (BeSO4) was rarely reported. Therefore, the high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis was performed to detect the circRNA profiles between control groups and BeSO4-induced groups. Furthermore, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and PPI network analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis. CircRNA sequencing analysis revealed that 36 circRNAs were up-regulated and 35 circRNAs were down-regulated in the BeSO4-exposed groups. The selected circRNAs were verified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Hsa_circ_0004214 and hsa_circ_0003586 were validated to be up-regulated, hsa_circ_0047958, hsa_circ_0001944, and hsa_circ_0008982 were down-regulated. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network annotated the key signaling pathway including cellular senescence, TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway. The PPI network indicated the most circRNAs might participate in the BeSO4 toxicity by acting as a sponge for the miR-663b through JAK–STAT signaling pathway. In summary, our study suggests that circRNAs may play roles in the mechanism of beryllium toxicity.
Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A.
Authors: Martin Phillip L. , Krawczyk Teresa , Pierce Kristen , Thomas Catherine , Khodadadi Fatemeh , Aćimović Srđan G. , Peter Kari A. 
Published: August 2021

Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. have reported increased losses to bitter rot of apple. We tested the hypothesis that this increase is because the Colletotrichum population has developed resistance to commonly used single-mode-of-action (single-MoA) fungicides. We screened 220 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from 38 apple orchards in the Mid-Atlantic region for resistance to 11 fungicides in Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) groups 1, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 29. Eleven (5%) of these isolates were resistant to FRAC group 1 with confirmed β-tubulin E198A mutations, and two (<1%) were also resistant to FRAC group 11 with confirmed cytochrome-b G143A mutations. Such low frequencies of resistant isolates indicate that fungicide resistance is unlikely to be the cause of any regional increase in bitter rot. A subsample of isolates was subsequently tested in vitro for sensitivity to every single-MoA fungicide registered for apple in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A. (22 fungicides; FRAC groups 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 29), and 13 fungicides were tested in field trials. These fungicides varied widely in efficacy both within and between FRAC groups. Comparisons of results from our in vitro tests with results from our field trials and other field trials conducted across the eastern U.S.A. suggested that EC25 values (concentrations that reduce growth by 25%) are better predictors of fungicide efficacy in normal field conditions than EC50 values. We present these results as a guideline for choosing single-MoA fungicides for bitter rot control in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A.
Curve evolution during bracing in children with scoliosis secondary to early-onset neurofibromatosis type 1: indicators of rapid curve progression
Authors: Shi Ben-Long , Li Yang , Zhu Ze-Zhang , Mao Sai-Hu , Liu Zhen , Sun Xu , Qiu Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Scoliosis secondary to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in children aged <10 years is an important etiology of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). This study was performed to investigate the curve evolution of patients with EOS secondary to NF1 undergoing bracing treatment and to analyze high-risk indicators of rapid curve progression.

Methods:
Children with EOS due to NF1 who underwent bracing treatment from 2010 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The angle velocity (AV) at each visit was calculated, and patients with rapid curve progression (AV of >10°/year) were identified. The age at modulation and the AV before and after modulation were obtained. Patients with (n = 18) and without rapid curve progression (n = 10) were statistically compared.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 1.9 years at the initial visit were reviewed. The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 41.7° ± 2.4° at the initial visit and increased to 67.1° ± 8.6° during a mean follow-up of 44.1 ± 8.5 months. The overall AV was 6.6° ± 2.4°/year for all patients. At the last follow-up, all patients presented curve progression of >5°, and 20 (71%) patients had progressed by >20°. Rapid curve progression was observed in 18 (64%) patients and was associated with younger age at the initial visit and a higher incidence of modulation change during follow-up (t = 2.868, P = 0.008 and <0.001, respectively). The mean AV was 4.4° ± 1.2°/year before modulation and 11.8° ± 2.7°/year after modulation (t = 11.477, P < 0.010).

Conclusions:
Curve progression of >10°/year is associated with younger age at the initial visit, and modulation change indicated the occurrence of the rapid curve progression phase.
Challenges and Strategies to Mitigate Problematic Social Media Use in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Macenski Christina L. , Hamel Matthew P. , McDougle Christopher J. , Thom Robyn P. 
Published: August 2021

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Outline and discuss strategies to mitigate problematic social media use in psychiatric disorders
• Identify solutions to encourage healthy use

Abstract
Social media has been found to contribute to a variety of different psychiatric disorders, with recent research showing a complex relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes. This article outlines how the strategies that social media sites utilize to increase user engagement can differentially affect individuals with psychiatric disorders, and proposes solutions that may promote more healthy use. With these aims in view, the article (1) delineates the strategies, often unrecognized, that social media sites use to increase user engagement, (2) highlights how these strategies can affect individuals with psychiatric disorders, and (3) proposes novel solutions to encourage healthy use. The first step to creating innovative and universal interventions is to understand the challenges faced by individuals with psychiatric disorders when using social media.
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for treatment of central poststroke pain in the lower extremity after medullary infarction
Authors: Kretzschmar Michael , Reining Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report a case of relief in central poststroke pain of the lower extremity by stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Central poststroke pain is a poorly understood and even more poorly managed condition that can greatly impact the quality of life. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation is the first to describe the successful treatment of previously intractable chronic pain caused by stroke using DRG stimulation. Noting the anatomical structures and the physiological function, the efficacy of DRG stimulation in central poststroke pain could be explained in a neurophysiological manner. This clinical observation successfully builds on the existing understanding around the pathophysiology of central pain and offers the possibility of nondrug therapy for the treatment of this often refractory chronic pain syndrome.
mTOR-Dependent Autophagy Machinery Is Inhibited in Fibroblasts of Keloid
Authors: Jiang Meng , Bu Wen-Bo , Chen Yu-Jie , Li Li , Xiao Ta , Gu Heng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation has been identified in keloid. This study aimed to identify the role of mTOR-dependent autophagy activity in keloid.

Methods:
We detected the expression of specific proteins representing mTOR activity and baseline autophagy levels in keloid tissues (KTs) and primary keloid fibroblasts (KFs) using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Simultaneously, the formation of acid vesicles was assessed by acridine orange staining in KFs. To investigate whether mTOR-dependent pathway mediated the regulation of autophagy machinery in keloid, we first validated whether mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin (100 nmol/L) and KU-0063794 (5 μmol/L), could inhibit mTOR activity in KFs by western blotting. Then we explored the reverse effects on autophagy activity induced by mTOR inhibitors in the presence of lysosomal protease inhibitors by western blotting.

Results:
It demonstrated elevated expression of mTOR, S6, and their activated forms in KTs, and an elevated expression of p-S6 Ser235/236 in KFs, suggesting mTOR was activated in keloid. Less LC3 and Beclin1 were expressed in the cytoplasm of KFs, whereas Ubiquitin was abundantly expressed in KTs compared with extra-lesional tissues. In addition, at the cellular level, an impeded conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was shown in KFs and the formation of acid vesicles were also decreased in KFs compared with normal fibroblasts (NFs), indicating that autophagy activity is defective in keloid. mTOR inhibitors, Rapamycin (E-64d + pepstatin vs. rapamycin + E-64d + pepstatin: [0.88 ± 0.35] vs. [1.56 ± 0.46], F = 5.56, P = 0.049) and KU-0063794 (E-64d + pepstatin vs. KU-0063794 + E-64d + pepstatin: [0.92 ± 0.22] vs. [1.51 ± 0.25], F = 25.88, P = 0.011) can reverse the inhibition effect on autophagy of KFs while inhibiting mTOR activity.

Conclusion:
Autophagy machinery is inhibited in keloid which is regulated by mTOR-dependent pathway.
Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Choice of Nursing Discipline Among Nursing Students in Iran: A Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis
Authors: Hosseini MARZNAKI Zohreh , KHANJANKHANI Khatere , SALISU Waliu Jawula , HAJIHOSSEINI Fatemeh , BARZEGARI Saeed 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Choosing a career in nursing is frequently a complicated decision that is influenced by multiple factors.

Purpose
This study was designed to identify and rank the main factors that influence individuals to choose to pursue a career in nursing.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify the factors that people consider when making a choice to pursue a career in nursing. The face and content validities of these factors were evaluated. A sample of 250 participants was invited to assess the factors using exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the analytical hierarchy process, in combination with fuzzy logic, was used to rank the criteria and related factors.

Results
Twenty factors were identified and extracted from 50 published studies. After confirming the face and content validity of each, these 20 factors were distinguished into four criteria, including (a) external motivation, (b) social dignity, (c) internal motivation, and (d) usefulness of discipline. Each criterion had an eigenvalue greater than 1. External motivation and usefulness of discipline were respectively identified as the most and least important criteria (38.60% vs. 16.11%) in terms of influencing individuals to pursue a nursing career.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The results of this study show that exposure to positive recommendations from family and friends, receiving positive information about studying nursing, positive perceptions regarding the general usefulness of nursing knowledge, and migration opportunities to other countries are the primary factors that influence individuals in Iran to pursue a career in nursing.