bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impurity leakage and radiative cooling in the first nitrogen and neon seeding study in the closed DIII-D SAS configuration
Authors: Casali L. , Eldon D. , McLean A. , Osborne T. , Leonard A. , Grierson B. , Ren J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A comparative study of nitrogen versus neon has been carried out to analyze the impact of the two radiative species on power dissipation, SOL impurity distribution, divertor and pedestal characteristics. The experimental results show that N remains compressed in the divertor, thereby providing high radiative losses without affecting the pedestal profiles and displacing carbon as dominant radiator. Neon, instead, radiates more upstream than N thus reducing the power flux through the separatrix leading to a reduced ELM frequency and compression in the divertor. A significant amount of neon is measured in the plasma core leading to a steeper density gradient. The different behavior between the two impurities is confirmed by SOLPS-ITER modeling which for the first time at DIII-D includes multiple impurity species and a treatment of full drifts, currents and neutral–neutral collisions. The impurity transport in the SOL is studied in terms of the parallel momentum balance showing that N is mostly retained in the divertor whereas Ne leaks out consistent with its higher ionization potential and longer mean free path. This is also in agreement with the enrichment factor calculations which indicate lower divertor enrichment for neon. The strong ionization source characterizing the SAS divertor causes a reversal of the main ions and impurity flows. The flow reversal together with plasma drifts and the effect of the thermal force contribute significantly in the shift of the impurity stagnation point affecting impurity leakage. This work provides a demonstration of the impurity leakage mechanism in a closed divertor structure and the consequent impact on pedestal. Since carbon is an intrinsic radiator at DIII-D, in this paper we have also demonstrated the different role of carbon in the N vs Ne seeded cases both in the experiments and in the numerical modeling. Carbon contributes more when neon seeding is injected compared to when nitrogen is used. Finally, the results highlight the importance of accompanying experimental studies with numerical modeling of plasma flows, drifts and ionization profile to determine the details of the SOL impurity transport as the latter may vary with changes in divertor regime and geometry. In the cases presented here, plasma drifts and flow reversal caused by high level of closure in the slot upper divertor at DIII-D play an important role in the underlined mechanism.
Nutritional Assessment of Indonesian Chilli Landraces (Capsicum chinense Jaqc.)
Authors: Wätjen A , Huyskens-Keil S , Stöber S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chillies (Capsicum spp.) are highly nutritious vegetables and spices and are an important component in the Asian cuisine due to their aroma attributes and health value. To gain a better insight of the health value of chillies in North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the nutrient content, the morphological parameters and the yield of three different chilli landraces of the variety ‘Katokkon’ (Capsicum chinense Jaqc.), i.e. ‘Limbong Sampolo’, ‘Leatung 1’, and ‘Leatung 2’ were investigated. The nutrient parameters included capsaicin, pro-vitamin A, and vitamin C contents. Moreover, those differences were studied in two villages (Buntu Datu and To’pao) for the landrace ‘Leatung 2’. The research was performed with dried chillies using high pressure thin layer chromatography for the determination of capsaicin content, spectrophotometric determination for pro-vitamin A and iodometry for vitamin C content. The results showed that the capsaicin content varied between 7.91 mg/g DM (‘Leatung 1’) to 9.94 mg/g DM (‘Limbong Sampolo’) which corresponds with values on the Scoville heat unit (SHU) ranging from 118,712.677 to 149,074.747. The pro-vitamin A content was found to be highest (1.01 mg/g DM) in ‘Limbong Sampolo’ and lowest (0.60 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 2’ from To’pao. Vitamin C was found to be lowest (0.20 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 2’ from Buntu Datu and highest (0.26 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 1’. The statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the landraces and the villages for ‘Leatung 2’. Compared to the capsaicin values in literature (up to SHU 600,000), the landraces showed lower values. This was also found for the pro-vitamin A contents. In contrast, the vitamin C values were higher than those reported in literature. In conclusion, it can be stated, that the three landraces of ‘Katokkon’ in general showed high nutritious values, irrespectively of the different growing conditions in the two villages.
Validation of GPM IMERG extreme precipitation in the Peninsular Malaysia and Philippines by station and radar data
Authors: Da Silva Nicolas A , Webber Benjamin G M , Matthews Adrian J , Feist Matthew M , Stein Thorwald H M , Holloway Christopher E , Abdullah Muhammad F A B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extreme precipitation is ubiquitous in the Maritime Continent (MC) but poorly predicted numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. NWP evaluation against accurate measures of heavy precipitation is essential to improve their forecasting skill. Here we examine the potential utility of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrieval for GPM (IMERG) for NWP evaluation of extreme precipitation in the MC. For that purpose, we use radar data in Subang (Malaysia) and station data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) in Malaysia and the Philippines. We find that earlier studies may have underestimated IMERG performances in the MC due to large spatial sampling errors of ground precipitation measurements, especially during extreme precipitation conditions. We recommend using the 95th percentile for NWP evaluation of extreme daily and sub-daily precipitation against IMERG. At higher percentiles, the IMERG rainfall rates tend to diverge from ground observation and may therefore be treated with caution.
Improving prediction quality of sea surface temperature (SST) in Niño3.4 region using Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Muharsyah Robi , Ratri Dian Nur , Kussatiti Damiana Fitria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Niño3.4 region (170 W - 120 W; 5S - 5N) is important as a valuable indicator to identify El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), i.e., El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral condition for coming months. More accurate prediction Niño3.4 SST can be used to determine the response of ENSO phenomenon to rainfall over Indonesia region. SST predictions are routinely released by meteorological institutions such as the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). However, SST predictions from the direct output (RAW) of global models such as ECMWF seasonal forecast is suffering from bias that affects the poor quality of SST predictions. As a result, it also increases the potential errors in predicting the ENSO events. This study uses SST from the output Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) of ECMWF seasonal forecast, namely SEAS5. SEAS5 SST is downloaded from The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) for period 1993-2020. One value representing SST over Niño3.4 region is calculated for each lead-time (LT), LT0-LT6. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is selected as one of the post-processing methods to improve the prediction quality of SEAS5-RAW. The advantage of BMA over other post-processing methods is its ability to quantify the uncertainty in EPS, which is expressed as probability density function (PDF) predictive. It was found that the BMA calibration process reaches optimal performance using 160 months training window. The result show, prediction quality of Niño3.4 SST of BMA output is superior to SEAS5-RAW, especially for LT0, LT1, and LT2. In term deterministic prediction, BMA shows a lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), higher Proportion of Correct (PC). In term probabilistic prediction, the error rate of BMA, which is showed by the Brier Score is lower than RAW. Moreover, BMA shows a good ability to discriminating ENSO events which indicates by AUC ROC close to a perfect score.
Analysis of the influence hybrid mass coordinate on WRF-ARW models to the turbulence simulation of Batik airlines aviation (case study October 24, 2017)
Authors: Halimy N A A , Trilaksono N J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The influence of hybrid sigma coordinate is better to represent turbulence in America than basic sigma coordinate. Therefore, it is necessary to search the effect of these coordinates on turbulence simulations in Indonesia due to the analysis of different atmospheric conditions from America. In this research, two experiments are performed using two different vertical coordinates with a case study flight turbulence from Batik Airlines on October 24, 2017. The two different vertical coordinates are the hybrid sigma coordinate and basic sigma coordinate. The data used are NCEP-FNL, Himawari-8 satellite image data, and sounding data. Based on the result of this research, simulation using hybrid sigma coordinate shows isentropic lines that have the potential turbulence during and after turbulence event. Richardson number value about 0.1 – 0.2 and intensity of the energy dissipation rate is 0.06 m
2/3s-1. According to the Richardson number value and intensity of the energy dissipation rate, the hybrid sigma coordinate simulation shows turbulence potential more significant than the basic sigma coordinate.
Eight scenarios rapid update cycle effect on weather radar data assimilation WRF toward rainfall prediction in Palembang (cases study of flood events on November 12th, 2018)
Authors: Paksi L M W , Saputra A H , Fitrianti I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is an open source numerical weather prediction model that can be used for high resolution rainfall predictions. Besides these advantages, WRF output accuracy can be affected by the initial condition. The accuration of WRF model can be improved by data assimilation. Data assimilation is combining observation data with model data to improve the initial state of atmospheric flow. This study aims to investigate the effect of assimilation weather radar in models using WRF for predictions rainfall events in Palembang region on November 12th, 2018. This study uses radar radial velocity data as input data for assimilation. The assimilation technique uses the 3DVAR with rapid update cycle (RUC) procedure 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours with spin up 12 and 6 hours. The output of the model verified using Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data and using rain gauge data for point verification. The results of this study indicate that the output of the assimilation model, especially in the spin-up 12 hours skenario implementation of the 1-hour RUC is better than the model without assimilation. From the eight scenario models implemented, it can be concluded that the 12 hours spin up is better than the 6 hours spin up.
Identifying the best spatial interpolation method for estimating spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Jakarta
Authors: Solihah K I , Martono D N , Haryanto B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, many researchers are focused on analyzing the association between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 is one of the most threatening air pollutant for human health in cities and causes an increasing number of deaths. However, obtaining detailed PM2.5 concentration data constitutes one of the problems in analyzing its relationship with the human health effect. This study aims to select the best model for predicting PM2.5, spatially explicit in Jakarta, and estimate its spatial distribution in this region over the 2019-2020 period. The observation data of PM2.5 measurement results were in eight points spread across Jakarta. Furthermore, the data is a two-year daily time series from 2019-2020, which was then be processed into annual average data. Seven spatial interpolations of different methods were selected to identify which is most realistic in generating the estimated concentration value of PM2.5. From the results, we conclude that the Spline with Tension was the best interpolation method based on 2D visualization and model evaluation. Based on the model evaluation, the Spline with Tension method generated the best model with minimum error, where RMSE, MSE, MAE, and MAP had values of 0.0533,0.0028, 0.0400, 0.0008, respectively. Meanwhile, Ordinary Kriging with spherical had the most significant.
Calibration of Spatial Rain Scanner using Rainfall Depth of Rain Gauges
Authors: Sinatra T , Awaludin A , Nauval F , Purnomo C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A spatial rain scanner has been developed based on a marine radar to satisfy the demand for spatial rain information for hydrological applications. Since the coverage of the rain scanner is 44 km in radius, it is necessary to expand the coverage by installing it in two sites that intersect each other performing a radar network. For this purpose, the first rain scanner has been installed at the Center for Atmospheric Science and Technology (PSTA) in Bandung and the second one at the Space and Atmospheric Observation Center (BPAA) Tanjungsari in Sumedang. This paper focuses on the calibration of radar observations with rainfall data from 7 rain gauges installed in Bandung area and its surroundings. The calibration method calculates rainfall depth (three parameters) instead of only the intensity of rainfall. The data period used for this research is from March to November 2020. The rain scanners have better rainfall events detection over basin area, such as Dayeuh Kolot and Cidurian, than over highland area, such as Lembang. Two calibration methods are used, and the results show that the calibration by calculating three parameters (accumulated reflectivity, duration, and intensity) in the linear model is able to measure rainfall estimation better than using a linear model with one parameter (accumulated reflectivity) for rainfall depth more than 10 mm. Rainfall estimation calculation using scheme 1 tends to underestimate while scheme 2 tends to overestimate.
SEA-COApp: A web app to analyze, download, and visualize Regional Ocean Model (ROM) datasets in Southeast Asia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R , Amanullah Imam W , Faqih Akhmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To provide weather and climate-related services for disaster management, public policymaking, and adaptation and mitigation efforts, the information regarding climate change is of high importance. However, obtaining or analyzing climate change datasets has been a challenge for those unfamiliar with coding. Therefore, to make the datasets easier to obtain and work with, we develop a "Southeast Asia – Climate-Ocean web App" (SEA-COApp). The SEA-COApp is a web app to aid people in obtaining, analyze, or visualize ROM datasets in Southeast Asia. It can obtain chunks of data from the InaROMS server and visualize it with an intuitive graphical user interface. Furthermore, it also has functionalities to calculate climatology, area average, anomaly, and trends. The tool can help those who are unfamiliar with climate change datasets to be able to use the datasets for their research. Thus, promoting cross-disciplinary research.
Potential of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to overcome the problem of water scarcity at the airports: a case study in I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, Bali
Authors: Sumaja K , Satriyabawa I K M , Dewi T P P , Fadianika A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesian airport in general relies dominantly on the surface and underground water to fulfil its water demand. Although groundwater systems are generally more resilient to climate change than surface water sources, their overuse might damage those water systems. One alternative to overcome this problem is rainwater harvesting (RWH) which could be implemented to increase the availability of raw water supply. However, in Indonesia, the study of the potential of RWH at a regional scale is still limited, so it does not provide sufficient information for practical application. Therefore, as the objective, this research will utilize a simulation analysis method to calculate the volume of rainfall storage, water requirements and reliability levels at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport regarding variations of the catchment area. This scheme would be applied not only during the dry and rainy seasons but also during the El Nino event. Moreover, the rainfall return periods would be determined to define the potential size of a rainwater harvesting system yearly. As a result, RWH at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport has the potential to substitute the surface water (PDAM) and groundwater usage either fully or partially depends on the season and water catchment area.
Development of Drought Information System at Remote Sensing Application Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
Authors: Nugroho J T , Sulma S , Rahmi K I N , Harini S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
National Earth Monitoring System (SPBN) is a natural resource and disaster information system developed by Remote Sensing Application Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Indonesia. Drought information system is one of the SPBN disaster information products, consisting of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Vegetation Greenness Level (TKV), and monthly accumulation of rainfall information. The quality of information products are improved towards data processing automation as well as provision of user-oriented products. The purpose of our research is to report the existing of drought information products at SPBN-LAPAN, to present briefly the automation process and also to analyze the result of the products. In this study, the “new” drought index information, which developed by blended of two datasets (TKV dataset that characterized agricultural drought and monthly rainfall dataset that characterized meteorological drought), using threshold method has introduced. The level of drought index is divided into five classes, namely cloud/water, severely dry, dry and normal
Fulfilling Eucalyptus raw materials for pulp and paper production plants
Authors: Sembiring N , Napitupulu H L , Sembiring M T , Ishak A , Gunawan H A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Eucalyptus is one of the major species used for pulp and paper industry. As industries develop, the need for Eucalyptus supply increases. However, there are challenges plantation companies must specifically determining eucalyptus market price potential risks in eucalyptus plantation and how eucalyptus plantation impacts the surrounding environment.. Stakeholders on eucalyptus supply chain have risks which have to be mitigated. The eucalyptus seedling and developer and the supplier hold crucial role in providing good quality eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. This research is conducted to explore on ways to mitigate each stakeholders risk, challenges plantation companies face in fulfilling eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. There are four stakeholders in eucalyptus supply chain: eucalyptus seedling developer and seller, supplier, distribution centre and pulp and paper production plants. Some of the major risk stakeholders are facing in eucalyptus supply chain are: early cut of eucalyptus trees, farmers’ lack of understanding on growing eucalyptus properly, small stem size, fluctuating eucalyptus wood price and low stock quantity. Some of the minor risk stakeholders are facing: earthquake, over fertilization, overwatering, cold climate, and plant setting. There are four methods used to determine eucalyptus pricing: cost-based pricing, customer-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and statutory pricing. Eucalyptus consume high amount of water which can cause dry areas around eucalyptus plantation area and low groundwater reservoir.
Assessment of the energy potential as a solid biofuel of Sargassum spp. considering sustainability indicator
Authors: Ávalos-Betancourt C A , López-Sosa L B , Morales-Máximo M , Aguilera-Mandujano A , Corral-Huacuz J C , Rodríguez-Martínez R E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental impact, high accessibility, and added value for localities along the Mexican Caribbean.
In vitro study of anthelmintic effect of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower aqueous extract on Tubifex tubifex
Authors: Alnaz A R M , Ridha R , Nasution R F G , Nasution A H , Ichwan M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea (CT) or butterfly pea was one herbs used for Ayurvedic and other traditional medicines. Utilization of its roots, flowers, and leaves proposed several medical adventages with anthelmintic was one of it. Among current anthelmintic burden of resistance, this study aimed to examine the anthelmintic profile from CT flower aqueous extract on Tubifex tubifex. The study was done by conducting a pilot experimental study by extracting CT flowers to water and piping the extracts of different level of dilution to several group of pots containing Tubifex tubifex. Anthelmintic activity was determined with its paralyzing effect and was compared to negative and positive controls with levamisole. Phytochemicals substances were detected with alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids detected. The extract exerts anthelmintic activity it 1:4, 1:40, and 1:400 dilutions and was comparable to 1mg/mL and 0.1mg/mL levamisole. Time to paralysis observed suggested a dose-response relationship of the extract on its anthelmintic activities. It was understood the phytochemicals influents the anthelmintic activity by paralysis worms and leads to death. It was concluded that CT flower aqueous extract presents anthelmintic activity, with further experimental study will needed to be conducted.
Productivity of Turi (Sesbania grandiflora) as a multi purposes plant by eco enzyme application
Authors: Ginting N , Mirwandhono R E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Turi (Sesbania grandiflora) is a multi-purpose plant, including leaves for animal feed, flowers for human food and wood for wood pellets. Eco enzyme is produced from the fermentation of fruits containing enzymes and organic acids. The application of Eco enzyme, among others as biocatalist to improve plant productivity. This paper aims to study dilution of Eco Enzym which was applied to Turi plants to increase its productivity This study used a completely randomized design, namely: T1: Eco enzyme dilution 1: 100; T2: 1: 200; T3: 1: 300 whereas there were 5 replications. Parameters were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf width and number of flowers. The results of this research were that the parameters of plant height, leaf of width, number of flowers had significant effect by the 1:100 dilution treatment (p<0,05). However, there was no significant effect on stem diameter and and the number of branches. The best response to eco enzyme was 1: 100.