bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of workplace gender discrimination for women registered nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Gauci Patricia , Peters Kath , O’Reilly Kate , Elmir Rakime 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of female registered nurses (RNs), who encounter workplace gender discrimination in nursing.DesignThis study used a qualitative exploratory design informed by feminist perspectives and was underpinned by social constructionism.MethodsWomen who were RNs (N = 10) and employed in New South Wales (NSW) were purposively selected to convey their experiences of workplace gender discrimination. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, between April and July 2020. Analysis was guided by the work of Anderson and Jack (Women's words; 1991) who recommend three ways of listening. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and Braun and Clarke's (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101; 2006) six‐step guide was used to develop themes.ResultsThematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: It's a man's world; Gender stereotypes; Being a woman and nurse; Reluctance to call out gender discrimination and The status quo. Findings from this study highlighted that participants believed men's career progression in nursing were favoured over women.ConclusionFindings from this research highlight that socially constructed gendered norms continue to form the basis of inequality for women in the workplace. Fostering and sustaining workplace cultures that support family and work life balance, and that do not discriminate against women, is fundamental to ensuring equality for women.ImpactThere is limited qualitative research into women's experiences of workplace gender discrimination in nursing. This research highlights the need for workplace strategies to be implemented to ensure women are better supported and equally represented in leadership positions and advanced practice roles in nursing. All nurses should be given equal consideration based on experience and qualifications. Career development and progression opportunities should be fair, equitable and transparent with clearly documented criteria.
An 8‐year study of admissions and discharges to a specialist intellectual disability inpatient unit
Authors: Abraham Julie , Purandare Kiran , McCabe Joanne , Wijeratne Anusha , Eggleston Evelina , Oak Katy , Laugharne Richard , Roy Ashok , Shankar Rohit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, policy change has led to specialist intellectual disability inpatient bed reduction. Little evidence exists assessing the results for patients admitted to such units. This study evaluates the outcomes of a specialist intellectual disability inpatient unit.MethodGender/age/ethnicity/intellectual disability severity/co‐morbid psychiatric/developmental disorders, treatment length and stay data were collected. The health of the nation outcome scales for people with learning disabilities (HoNOS‐LD) scores at admission, treatment completion and discharge were recorded. Analysis of these multiple variables and correlations within different patient groups was investigated using various statistical tests.ResultsOf 169/176 patients (2010–2018), admission to discharge, HoNOS‐LD global and all individual items score decreased significantly, for all patient categories. Treatment completion to discharge duration was significant for the whole cohort.ConclusionsThis is the largest study of intellectual disability inpatient outcomes. Discharge from the hospital appears not associated with duration of treatment. Using HoNOS‐LD to demonstrate treatment effectiveness is recommended.
γ‐Secretase modulators show selectivity for γ‐secretase–mediated amyloid precursor protein intramembrane processing
Authors: Weber Tobias A. , Lundkvist Johan , Wanngren Johanna , Kvartsberg Hlin , Jin ShaoBo , Larssen Pia , Wu Dan , Oliveira Daniel V. , Minta Karolina , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Nordvall Gunnar , Winblad Bengt , Portelius Erik , Karlström Helena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide 42 results in the formation of toxic oligomers and plaques, which plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Aβ42 is one of several Aβ peptides, all of Aβ30 to Aβ43 that are produced as a result of γ‐secretase–mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein. γ‐Secretase modulators (GSMs) represent a promising class of Aβ42‐lowering anti‐amyloidogenic compounds for the treatment of AD. Gamma‐secretase modulators change the relative proportion of secreted Aβ peptides, while sparing the γ‐secretase–mediated processing event resulting in the release of the cytoplasmic APP intracellular domain. In this study, we have characterized how GSMs affect the γ‐secretase cleavage of three γ‐secretase substrates, E‐cadherin, ephrin type A receptor 4 (EphA4) and ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2), which all are implicated in important contexts of cell signalling. By using a reporter gene assay, we demonstrate that the γ‐secretase–dependent generation of EphA4 and EphB2 intracellular domains is unaffected by GSMs. We also show that γ‐secretase processing of EphA4 and EphB2 results in the release of several Aβ‐like peptides, but that only the production of Aβ‐like proteins from EphA4 is modulated by GSMs, but with an order of magnitude lower potency as compared to Aβ modulation. Collectively, these results suggest that GSMs are selective for γ‐secretase–mediated Aβ production.
Position paper on a simplified histopathological classification of basal cell carcinoma: results of the European Consensus Project
Authors: Fernández‐Figueras M.T. , Malvehi J. , Tschandl P. , Rutten A. , Rongioletti F. , Requena L. , Kittler H. , Kerl K. , Kazakov D. , Cribier B. , Calonje E. , André J. , Kempf W. ,   Study Group Collaborators (Validation Group)
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistopathological classification of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, but reproducibility of BCC subtyping among dermatopathologists is poor.ObjectivesTo obtain a consensus paper on BCC classification and subtype definitions.MethodsA panel of 12 recognized dermatopathologists (G12) from nine European countries used a modified Delphi method and evaluated 100 BCC cases uploaded to a website. The strategy involved five steps: (I) agreement on definitions for WHO 2018 BCC subtypes; (II) classification of 100 BCCs using the agreed definitions; (III) discussion on the weak points of the WHO classification and proposal of a new classification with clinical insights; (IV) re‐evaluation of the 100 BCCs using the new classification; and (V) external independent evaluation by 10 experienced dermatopathologists (G10).ResultsA simplified classification unifying infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular BCCs into a single “infiltrative BCC” subtype improved reproducibility and was practical from a clinical standpoint. Fleiss’ κ values increased for all subtypes, and the level of agreement improved from fair to moderate for the nodular and the unified infiltrative BCC groups, respectively. The agreement for basosquamous cell carcinoma remained fair, but κ values increased from 0.276 to 0.342. The results were similar for the G10 group. Delphi consensus was not achieved for the concept of trichoblastic carcinoma. In histopathological reports of BCC displaying multiple subtypes, only the most aggressive subtype should be mentioned, except superficial BCC involving margins.ConclusionsThe three BCC subtypes with infiltrative growth pattern, characteristically associated with higher risk of deep involvement (infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular), should be unified in a single group. The concise and encompassing term “infiltrative BCCs” can be used for these tumors. A binary classification of BCC into low‐risk and high‐risk subtypes on histopathological grounds alone is questionable; correlation with clinical factors is necessary to determine BCC risk and therapeutic approach.
Investigating the phenology of juvenile potamodromous brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in two large lake catchments
Authors: Kennedy Richard J. , Rosell Robert , Allen Michelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is growing interest in the phenology of juvenile Salmo trutta and evidence of significant downstream migration during the autumn in some anadromous populations. The present study used acoustic telemetry to examine the phenology of potamodromous trout parr across a region encompassing two large lake catchments. One hundred sixty‐seven trout parr were tagged in late summer across four lake tributaries between 2018 and 2020. In total, 75 tagged parr migrated into the lakes with 67 (89%) migrating between September and December and 8 (11%) migrating between March and June. Autumn migration was highly prevalent across all the tributaries, with 16%–66% of each tagged sample exhibiting autumn migration, and 0%–15% of each tagged sample exhibiting spring migration. Autumn migrants were significantly longer and heavier than spring migrants, but condition factor was similar. Autumn migrants were associated with higher river discharge levels and lower water temperatures than spring migrants. The management challenges posed by extensive autumn migration behaviour in migratory trout stocks are examined and discussed.
Governance in Romania: Exploring the determinants of corporate insider trading
Authors: Albu Cătălin N. , Albu Nadia , Hodgson Allan , Xiong Zhengling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRomania ranks at the extreme low end in Eastern Europe in terms of Hofstede cultural insights, rule of law, government effectiveness, and corruption—potentially limiting governance quality for restricting resource channeling. In this paper, we examine whether these shortcomings flow over into the degree of corporate insider trading profitability at the firm level. Consistent with high power distance, low individualism, and voice and accountability, executives and their family members extract higher returns. The conjectured monitoring constraint of equity ownership had little impact on reducing profitable trading. Second, media reporting of firm‐related scandals only restrained insider profitability in firms with government ownership—consistent with general forbearance of corruption and sanction from the use of politically controlled assets. Third, the global financial crisis revealed both a crisis of inept trading consistent with high uncertainty avoidance and also highly profitable trades for a limited set of executives who undertook short‐term reversal strategies. Our exploratory microanalysis suggests a prototype to highlight areas requiring governance and investor attention in Eastern European countries.
Experiences of parents of adolescents with intellectual disabilities regarding the transition to sexual development: A transitions theory‐based qualitative study
Authors: Karataş N. , İşler Dalgıç A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe of the experiences of parents regarding the transition to sexual development of their adolescents with intellectual disabilities who are 15–19 years old.MethodsThis study employs a descriptive interpretative approach and uses Meleis's transitions theory as its theoretical frame of reference. This study uses purposive sampling methods for recruitment. We collected data through individual semi‐structured interviews (n = 11) and researcher observations between February 2021 and April 2021 and employed an inductive content analysis approach.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the data: parental factors driving the transition process, parents' needs regarding the transition process, and outcomes of the transition process. In addition, most parents struggled to remodel their identities following the transition due to concerns over their adolescent's ability to cope with the challenges of adulthood.ConclusionConsidered in the context of middle‐range transitions theory, we suggest that parental experiences regarding adolescents' transition to sexual development stem from varying levels of uncertainty and depend on the situation, preferences, and family needs of each individual parent. It is useful to utilise Meleis's transitions theory to understand deeply and explore the impact of the sexual development of adolescents with intellectual disabilities on parents.
Can maternal abdominal fat thickness predict antenatal insulin therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Akgöl Sedat , Budak Mehmet Şükrü , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Ölmez Fatma , Dilek Mehmet Emin , Kartal Serhat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (ASFT) in predicting antenatal insulin therapy (AIT) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA prospective study was conducted on patients with regulated blood sugar levels (n = 50) and those with unregulated blood sugar (n = 50) although medical nutrition therapy (MNT) was initiated and then AIT was applied. Using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, appropriate ASFT cut‐off point values were found for the prediction of cases that required AIT after MNT in GDM pregnancies.ResultsPatients with GDM who needed AIT had a significantly higher ASFT value compared to those with GDM who did not need AIT. The optimal ASFT cutoff was 21.7 mm in predicting cases that required AIT after MNT (sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values were 68.0%, 64.0%, 65.8%, and 66.6%, respectively). The risk of AIT increased 3.77‐fold in those with ASFT > 21.7 mm in GDM pregnancies (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe ASFT value was significantly higher in cases with GDM, with blood glucose levels not regulated despite MNT and AIT being then needed, compared to patients with blood glucose levels regulated by MNT, and who did not need AIT. Also, patients requiring AIT can be determined with moderate to high sensitivity and specificity using a cut‐off value of ASFT > 21.7 mm. The ASFT > 21.7 mm cut‐off point was seen to be more effective than BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 in the determination of cases where AIT is required.
Divergent responses of functional diversity to an elevational gradient for vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens
Authors: Asplund Johan , van Zuijlen Kristel , Roos Ruben Erik , Birkemoe Tone , Klanderud Kari , Lang Simone I. , Wardle David A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuestionCold environments are stressful for vascular plants, and stress‐tolerant non‐vascular photoautotrophs, e.g. bryophytes and lichens, become relatively more important as competition from vascular plants decreases towards higher elevations. Under increasingly stressful climatic conditions, species assembly of vascular plants is commonly driven more by environmental filtering, and abiotic constraints may lead to increased similarity between species and thus low functional diversity. Because bryophytes and lichens are less constrained by harsh environments, environmental filtering may be less strong. Instead, reduced competition from vascular plants can potentially free up niche space for non‐vascular vegetation. Therefore, we hypothesized that functional diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens are likely to show contrasting responses to elevation.LocationFinse Alpine Research Centre, Southern Norway.MethodsWe utilized measurements of species abundance and functional traits of the three groups along a 500‐m elevational gradient in alpine southern Norway and calculated multi‐trait and single‐trait functional dispersion.ResultsFunctional diversity of vascular plants declined with elevation, indicating increased environmental filtering. By contrast, functional diversity of lichens and bryophytes increased along the same gradient, suggesting they are less exposed to environmental filtering, in line with our hypothesis. Instead, they likely benefit from the lower abundance of vascular plants at higher elevation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that different photoautotroph groups vary in how they respond to the same environmental gradient, which may contribute to contrasting community assembly processes across groups. These divergent responses likely occur because non‐vascular vegetation differs from vascular plants in terms of nutrient acquisition and water economy strategies, meaning that they respond differently to the same factors. This highlights the need to explicitly consider bryophytes and lichens in community‐level studies whenever these groups are abundant.
Plant diversity but not productivity is associated with community mycorrhization in temperate grasslands
Authors: Leon Daniela , Bueno C. Guillermo , Zobel Martin , Bennett Jonathan A. , Puglielli Giacomo , Davison John , Riibak Kersti , Pärtel Meelis , Moora Mari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsMycorrhizal symbiosis influences the performance of plant individuals. However, its impact on plant communities is less well understood. We used a database of plant mycorrhizal traits and investigated how community mycorrhization — the prevalence of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant communities — is related to plant community productivity and diversity. We analysed: (a) how soil fertility affects community mycorrhization; (b) how plant productivity and diversity are related to community mycorrhization; and (c) whether community mycorrhization directly mediates the relationships between soil fertility and plant productivity and diversity.LocationTwenty‐nine semi‐natural grasslands in the south of Estonia, representing a steep productivity gradient (80–500 g/m2).MethodsWe estimated the proportion of plant biomass associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis (arbuscular mycorrhization index, AMI). The relationships between soil fertility (soil nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P] and potassium [K], accounting for soil moisture and pH), AMI, plant diversity and productivity were analysed using model averaging and pairwise generalized linear models, and support for direct relationships was determined using path analysis.ResultsThere was a positive linear relationship between soil nitrogen and AMI. In turn, plant biomass showed positive, and plant diversity negative linear relationships with AMI. Path analyses indicated that AMI mediates the relationship between soil nitrogen and plant diversity, but not the relationship between soil nitrogen and plant community productivity. Plant productivity and mycorrhization increased along the soil fertility gradient, but plant diversity decreased.ConclusionThese results suggest that community mycorrhization, which is sensitive to soil fertility (N), can modulate community composition in temperate grasslands, probably by enhancing the most dominant plant species in the community.
Local adaptation of life cycles in a butterfly is associated with variation in several circadian clock genes
Authors: Lindestad Olle , Nylin Sören , Wheat Christopher W. , Gotthard Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany insects exhibit geographical variation in voltinism, the number of generations produced per year. This includes high‐latitude species in previously glaciated areas, meaning that divergent selection on life cycle traits has taken place during or shortly after recent colonization. Here, we use a population genomics approach to compare a set of nine Scandinavian populations of the butterfly Pararge aegeria that differ in life cycle traits (diapause thresholds and voltinism) along both north–south and east–west clines. Using a de novo‐assembled genome, we reconstruct colonization histories and demographic relationships. Based on the inferred population structure, we then scan the genome for candidate loci showing signs of divergent selection potentially associated with population differences in life cycle traits. The identified candidate genes include a number of components of the insect circadian clock (timeless, timeless2, period, cryptochrome and clockwork orange). Most notably, the gene timeless, which has previously been experimentally linked to life cycle regulation in P. aegeria, is here found to contain a novel 97‐amino acid deletion unique to, and fixed in, a single population. These results add to a growing body of research framing circadian gene variation as a potential mechanism for generating local adaptation of life cycles.
Impairment of lysosomal function by Clostridioides difficile TcdB
Authors: Klepka Carmen , Sandmann Moritz , Tatge Helma , Mangan Matthew , Arens Annabel , Henkel Daniel , Gerhard Ralf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTcdB is a potent cytotoxin produced by pathogenic Clostridioides difficile that inhibits Rho GTPases by mono‐glucosylation. TcdB enters cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The pathogenic glucosyltransferase domain (GTD) egresses endosomes by pH‐mediated conformational changes, and is subsequently released in an autoproteolytic manner. We here investigated the uptake, localization and degradation of TcdB. TcdB colocalized with lysosomal marker protein LAMP1, verifying the endosomal‐lysosomal route of the toxin. In pulse assays endocytosed TcdB declined to a limit of detection within 2 hr, whereas the released GTD accumulated for up to 8 hr. We observed that autoproteolytic deficient TcdB NXN C698S was degraded significantly faster than wildtype TcdB, suggesting interference of TcdB with lysosomal degradation process. In fact, TcdB reduced lysosomal degradation of endosome cargo as tested with DQ‐Green BSA. Lysosomal dysfunction was accompanied by perinuclear accumulation of LAMP1 and a weaker detection in immunoblots. Galectin‐8 or galectin‐3 was not recruited to lysosomes speaking against lysosome membrane damage. Changes in the autophagosomal marker LC3B suggested additional indirect effect of lysosomal dysfunction on the autophagic flux. In contrast to necrotic signaling induced in by TcdB, lysosomal dysfunction was not abolished by calcium channel blocker nifedipin, indicating separate cytopathogenic effects induced by TcdB during endo‐lysosomal trafficking.
FabR senses long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids to control virulence in pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida
Authors: Shao Shuai , Zhang Yi , Yin Kaiyu , Zhang Yuanxing , Wei Lifan , Wang Qiyao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong‐chain unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can serve as nutrient sources or building blocks for bacterial membranes. However, little is known about how UFAs may be incorporated into the virulence programs of pathogens. A previous investigation identified FabR as a positive regulator of virulence gene expression in Edwardsiella piscicida. Here, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing coupled with RNA‐seq analyses revealed that 10 genes were under the direct control of FabR, including fabA, fabB, and cfa, which modulate the composition of UFAs. The binding of FabR to its target DNA was facilitated by oleoyl‐CoA and inhibited by stearoyl‐CoA. In addition, analyses of enzyme mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting with wild‐type and a null mutant (F131A) of FabR demonstrated crucial roles of FabR in binding to the promoters of fabA, fabB, and cfa. Moreover, FabR also binds to the promoter region of the virulence regulator esrB for its activation, facilitating the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in response to UFAs. Furthermore, FabR coordinated with RpoS to modulate the expression of T3SS. Collectively, our results elucidate the molecular machinery of FabR regulating bacterial fatty acid composition and virulence in enteric pathogens, further expanding our knowledge of its crucial role in host–pathogen interactions.