bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial metabolic noise
Authors: Vasdekis Andreas E. , Singh Abhyudai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrom the time a cell was first placed under the microscope, it became apparent that identifying two clonal cells that “look” identical is extremely challenging. Since then, cell‐to‐cell differences in shape, size, and protein content have been carefully examined, informing us of the ultimate limits that hinder two cells from occupying an identical phenotypic state. Here, we present recent experimental and computational evidence that similar limits emerge also in cellular metabolism. These limits pertain to stochastic metabolic dynamics and, thus, cell‐to‐cell metabolic variability, including the resulting adapting benefits. We review these phenomena with a focus on microbial metabolism and conclude with a brief outlook on the potential relationship between metabolic noise and adaptive evolution.This article is categorized under:
Metabolic Diseases > Computational Models
Metabolic Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Sensitivity of Algorithms for Estimating the Gravity Disturbance Vector to Its Model Uncertainty
Authors: Stepanov O. A. , Koshaev D. A. , Yashnikova O. M. , Motorin A. V , Staroseltsev L. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe work considers the results of filtering and smoothing of the gravity disturbance vector horizontal components and focuses on the sensitivity of these results to the model parameters in the case when the inertial-geodesic method is applied in the framework of a marine survey on a sea vessel.
Perturbative corrections to power suppressed effects in $$ \overline{B} $$ → Xuℓν
Authors: Capdevila Bernat , Gambino Paolo , Nandi Soumitra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute the O(αs) corrections to the Wilson coefficients of the dimension five operators in inclusive semileptonic B decays in the limit of a massless final quark. Our calculation agrees with reparametrization invariance and with previous results for the total width and improves the constraints on the shape functions that enter those decays.
Moonlighting of mitotic regulators in cilium disassembly
Authors: Doornbos Cenna , Roepman Ronald 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCorrect timing of cellular processes is essential during embryological development and to maintain the balance between healthy proliferation and tumour formation. Assembly and disassembly of the primary cilium, the cell’s sensory signalling organelle, are linked to cell cycle timing in the same manner as spindle pole assembly and chromosome segregation. Mitotic processes, ciliary assembly, and ciliary disassembly depend on the centrioles as microtubule-organizing centres (MTOC) to regulate polymerizing and depolymerizing microtubules. Subsequently, other functional protein modules are gathered to potentiate specific protein–protein interactions. In this review, we show that a significant subset of key mitotic regulator proteins is moonlighting at the cilium, among which PLK1, AURKA, CDC20, and their regulators. Although ciliary assembly defects are linked to a variety of ciliopathies, ciliary disassembly defects are more often linked to brain development and tumour formation. Acquiring a better understanding of the overlap in regulators of ciliary disassembly and mitosis is essential in finding therapeutic targets for the different diseases and types of tumours associated with these regulators.
Leveraged least trimmed absolute deviations
Authors: Sudermann-Merx Nathan , Rebennack Steffen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe design of regression models that are not affected by outliers is an important task which has been subject of numerous papers within the statistics community for the last decades. Prominent examples of robust regression models are least trimmed squares (LTS), where theklargest squared deviations are ignored, and least trimmed absolute deviations (LTA) which ignores theklargest absolute deviations. The numerical complexity of both models is driven by the number of binary variables and by the valuekof ignored deviations. We introduce leveraged least trimmed absolute deviations (LLTA) which exploits that LTA is already immune againsty-outliers. Therefore, LLTA has only to be guarded against outlying values inx, so-called leverage points, which can be computed beforehand, in contrast toy-outliers. Thus, while the mixed-integer formulations of LTS and LTA have as many binary variables as data points, LLTA only needs one binary variable per leverage point, resulting in a significant reduction of binary variables. Based on 11 data sets from the literature, we demonstrate that (1) LLTA’s prediction quality improves much faster than LTS and as fast as LTA for increasing values ofkand (2) that LLTA solves the benchmark problems about 80 times faster than LTS and about five times faster than LTA, in median.
The influence of digital PET/CT on diagnostic certainty and interrater reliability in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Alberts Ian , Hünermund Jan-Niklas , Sachpekidis Christos , Mingels Clemens , Fech Viktor , Bohn Karl Peter , Rominger Axel , Afshar-Oromieh Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the impact of digital PET/CT on diagnostic certainty, patient-based sensitivity and interrater reliability.

Methods
Four physicians retrospectively evaluated two matched cohorts of patients undergoing [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on a digital (dPET/CT n = 65) or an analogue scanner (aPET/CT n = 65) for recurrent prostate cancer between 11/2018 and 03/2019. The number of equivocal and pathological lesions as well as the frequency of discrepant findings and the interrater reliability for the two scanners were compared.

Results
dPET/CT detected more lesions than aPET/CT (p < 0.001). A higher number of pathological scans were observed for dPET/CT (83% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). The true-positive rate at follow-up was 100% for dPET/CT compared to 84% for aPET/CT (p < 0.001). The proportion of lesions rated as non-pathological as a total of all PSMA-avid lesions detected for dPET/CT was comparable to aPET/CT (61.8% vs. 57.0%, p = 0.99). Neither a higher rate of diagnostically uncertain lesions (11.5% dPET/CT vs. 13.7% aPET/CT, p = 0.95) nor discrepant scans (where one or more readers differed in opinion as to whether the scan is pathological) were observed (18% dPET/CT vs. 17% aPET/CT, p = 0.76). Interrater reliability for pathological lesions was excellent for both scanner types (Cronbach’s α = 0.923 dPET/CT; α = 0.948 aPET/CT) and interrater agreement was substantial for dPET/CT (Krippendorf’s α = 0.701) and almost perfect in aPET/CT (α = 0.802).

Conclusions
A higher detection rate for pathological lesions for dPET/CT compared with aPET/CT in multiple readers was observed. This improved sensitivity was coupled with an improved true-positive rate and was not associated with increased diagnostic uncertainty, rate of non-specific lesions, or reduced interrater reliability.

Key Points
• New generation digital scanners detect more cancer lesions in men with prostate cancer.
• When using digital scanners, the doctors are able to diagnose prostate cancer lesions with better certainty
• When using digital scanners, the doctors do not disagree with each other more than with other scanner types.
Audio-guided self-hypnosis for reduction of claustrophobia during MR imaging: results of an observational 2-group study
Authors: Napp Adriane E. , Diekhoff Torsten , Stoiber Olf , Enders Judith , Diederichs Gerd , Martus Peter , Dewey Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the influence of audio-guided self-hypnosis on claustrophobia in a high-risk cohort undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Methods
In this prospective observational 2-group study, 55 patients (69% female, mean age 53.6 ± 13.9) used self-hypnosis directly before imaging. Claustrophobia included premature termination, sedation, and coping actions. The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) was completed before self-hypnosis and after MR imaging. Results were compared to a control cohort of 89 patients examined on the same open MR scanner using logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Furthermore, patients were asked about their preferences for future imaging.

Results
There was significantly fewer claustrophobia in the self-hypnosis group (16%; 9/55), compared with the control group (43%; 38/89; odds ratio .14; p = .001). Self-hypnosis patients also needed less sedation (2% vs 16%; 1/55 vs 14/89; odds ratio .1; p = .008) and non-sedation coping actions (13% vs 28%; 7/55 vs 25/89; odds ratio .3; p = .02). Self-hypnosis did not influence the CLQ results measured before and after MR imaging (p = .79). Self-hypnosis reduced the frequency of claustrophobia in the subgroup of patients above an established CLQ cut-off of .33 from 47% (37/78) to 18% (9/49; p = .002). In the subgroup below the CLQ cut-off of 0.33, there were no significant differences (0% vs 9%, 0/6 vs 1/11; p = 1.0). Most patients (67%; 35/52) preferred self-hypnosis for future MR examinations.

Conclusions
Self-hypnosis reduced claustrophobia in high-risk patients undergoing imaging in an open MR scanner and might reduce the need for sedation and non-sedation coping actions.

Key Points
• Forty percent of the patients at high risk for claustrophobia may also experience a claustrophobic event in an open MR scanner.
• Self-hypnosis while listening to an audio in the waiting room before the examination may reduce claustrophobic events in over 50% of patients with high risk for claustrophobia.
• Self-hypnosis may also reduce the need for sedation and other time-consuming non-sedation coping actions and is preferred by high-risk patients for future examinations.
PIV investigation of high Reynolds number submerged water jets at high-pressure ambient conditions
Authors: Jasper Sarah , Hussong Jeanette , Lindken Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh-pressure water jets bear a great technological potential to enhance geothermal deep drilling. Compared to existing water cutting technologies, significantly different operation conditions are encountered under deep-drilling conditions, such as high ambient pressures. The fundamental fluid mechanics are significantly affected by those operation conditions. In this work we examine the influence of increasing ambient pressure of up to 12.0 MPa on the water jet characteristics under submerged drilling conditions. PIV measurements of the jet flow field at changing cavitation numbers reveal two characteristic regimes, which are distinguished by a critical cavitation number. In the cavitating regime, the jet decays considerably faster with increasing distance to the nozzle than in the non-cavitating regime. In addition to that, an increasing cavitation intensity shortens the potential core length of the water jet and increases the jet spreading angle and with this has a similar effect on the jet as increasing turbulence intensity in single-phase flows. Related to the decreasing kinetic energy of the jet in the cavitating regime, the resulting impact force of the water jet on the specimen surface decreases with increasing cavitation intensity. Our investigations indicate that a technology transfer from water jet cutting to submerged jet drilling requires adjustments of both nozzle geometries and jet operation conditions.Graphic abstract
Einsamkeit im Pflegeheim – Erleben und Maßnahmen zur Verringerung
Authors: Plattner Lukas , Brandstötter Cornelia , Paal Piret 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPublic Health und Gesundheitsökonomie betrachten Einsamkeit als einen wichtigen Einflussfaktor auf die Gesundheit und Lebensqualität aller Menschen. Für ältere Menschen kann Einsamkeit als evtl. wichtigste Determinante der Gesundheit betrachtet werden.Ziel der Arbeit und FragestellungenIm Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen das Erleben von Einsamkeit aus der Perspektive von Bewohner*innen der stationären Langzeitpflege beschrieben und Interventionen zur Verringerung von Einsamkeit durch Pflegepersonen aufgezeigt werden.Material und MethodeSystematische Literaturrecherche.Ergebnisse und DiskussionÜber die eigene Einsamkeit zu sprechen, ist für viele Bewohner*innen nicht leicht. Die Ausprägungen der Einsamkeit variieren vom Alleinsein über Langeweile bis zu dem Gefühl, sich nicht zu Hause zu fühlen. Die Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Einsamkeit reichen über die Anwendung von Lachyoga, tiergestützter Therapie bis zu technologischen Maßnahmen oder dem Einsatz von Freiwilligen.ZusammenfassungAls zentral und am wirkungsvollsten haben sich jene Interventionen erwiesen, welche die spirituelle Ebene des Beziehungsaufbaus und Vertrauen fokussieren.
Appropriateness for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeons in case of pregnancy, breastfeeding, or childbearing potential: Yo-IFOS and CEORL-HNS joint clinical consensus statement
Authors: Saibene Alberto Maria , Allevi Fabiana , Ayad Tareck , Baudoin Tomislav , Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel , Briganti Giovanni , Carrie Sean , Cayé-Thomasen Per , Dahman Saidi Sara , Dauby Nicolas , Fenton John , Golusiński Wojciech , Klimek Ludger , Leclerc Andrée-Anne , Longtin Yves , Mannelli Giuditta , Mayo-Yáñez Miguel , Meço Cem , Metwaly Osama , Mouawad François , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Pedersen Ulrik , Piersiala Krzysztof , Plzak Jan , Remacle Marc , Rommel Nathalie , Saleh Hesham , Szpecht Dawid , Tedla Miroslav , Tincati Camilla , Tucciarone Manuel , Zelenik Karol , Lechien Jerome R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a key step in fighting the pandemic. Nevertheless, their rapid development did not allow for testing among specific population subgroups such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, or elaborating specific guidelines for healthcare personnel working in high infection risk specialties, such as otolaryngology (ORL). This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to offer guidance for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to this high-risk population based on the best evidence available.

Methods
A multidisciplinary international panel of 33 specialists judged statements through a two-round modified Delphi method survey. Statements were designed to encompass the following topics: risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and use of protective equipment in ORL; SARS-Cov-2 infection and vaccines and respective risks for the mother/child dyad; and counseling for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnant, breastfeeding, or fertile healthcare workers (PBFHW). All ORL PBFHW were considered as the target audience.

Results
Of the 13 statements, 7 reached consensus or strong consensus, 2 reached no consensus, and 2 reached near-consensus. According to the statements with strong consensus otorhinolaryngologists—head and neck surgeons who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or with childbearing potential should have the opportunity to receive SARS-Cov-2 vaccination. Moreover, personal protective equipment (PPE) should still be used even after the vaccination.

Conclusion
Until prospective evaluations on these topics are available, ORL-HNS must be considered a high infection risk specialty. While the use of PPE remains pivotal, ORL PBFHW should be allowed access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination provided they receive up-to-date information.
A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance
Authors: Pereira Mendes Marciel , Hickman Richard , Van Verk Marcel C. , Nieuwendijk Nicole M. , Reinstädler Anja , Panstruga Ralph , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Van Wees Saskia C. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes.

Abstract
Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane.
On Recovery Guarantees for One-Bit Compressed Sensing on Manifolds
Authors: Iwen Mark A. , Krahmer Felix , Krause-Solberg Sara , Maly Johannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of recovering a signal from one-bit compressed sensing measurements under a manifold model; that is, assuming that the signal lies on or near a manifold of low intrinsic dimension. We provide a convex recovery method based on the Geometric Multi-Resolution Analysis and prove recovery guarantees with a near-optimal scaling in the intrinsic manifold dimension. Our method is the first tractable algorithm with such guarantees for this setting. The results are complemented by numerical experiments confirming the validity of our approach.
3D mixed virtual element formulation for dynamic elasto-plastic analysis
Authors: Cihan Mertcan , Hudobivnik Blaž , Aldakheel Fadi , Wriggers Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe virtual element method (VEM) for dynamic analyses of nonlinear elasto-plastic problems undergoing large deformations is outlined within this work. VEM has been applied to various problems in engineering, considering elasto-plasticity, multiphysics, damage, elastodynamics, contact- and fracture mechanics. This work focuses on the extension of VEM formulations towardsdynamic elasto-plasticapplications. Hereby low-order ansatz functions are employed in three dimensions with elements having arbitrary convex or concave polygonal shapes. The formulations presented in this study are based on minimization of potential function for both the static as well as the dynamic behavior. Additionally, to overcome the volumetric locking phenomena due to elastic and plastic incompressibility conditions, a mixed formulation based on a Hu-Washizu functional is adopted. For the implicit time integration scheme, Newmark method is used. To show the model performance, various numerical examples in 3D are presented.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Bruno Chiara , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Martelli Federica , Cilona Maria , Orlando Pietro , Fancello Giuseppe , Maggiore Giandomenico , Viberti Francesca , Ciabatti Pierguido , Boccuzzi Simone , Mandalà Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors are particularly vulnerable to the deleterious consequences of lockdown and social distancing. The psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on this group are still unknown, and we want to explore how their quality of life (QoL) has changed in this unique situation.

Materials and methods
An online survey, composed of pandemic-specific items, plus the EORTC QLQ-C30, was administered to a cohort of HNC survivors. Using previously published reference values as a control group, we have evaluated the impact of the pandemic on their QoL. We have also explored the differences between those who had received a total laryngectomy (LP, laryngectomized population) vs other HNC patients, in order to assess the role of tracheostomy in this regard.

Results
One hundred and twenty-one HNC patients completed the survey. The scores of the physical (80.5 vs 85, p = 0.028), role (78 vs 84, p = 0.030), and emotional functioning (76 vs 81, p = 0.041) were significantly different in the two groups, with worse functioning in our patients. Comparing LP with the other HNC patients, social (76.6 vs 88.9, p = 0.008) and physical functioning (75.5 vs 86.1, p = 0.006) were significantly worse in the former group. LP also reported a greater perception that others are afraid to be close to them (1.67 vs 1.32, p = 0.020). No differences were found between LP with and without voice prosthesis.

Conclusions
Our results show how HNC patients are at high risk for a worsening in QoL because of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic.
Could different direct restoration techniques affect interfacial gap and fracture resistance of endodontically treated anterior teeth?
Authors: Comba Allegra , Baldi Andrea , Saratti Carlo Massimo , Rocca Giovanni Tommaso , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Pereira Gabriel Kalil Rocha , Valandro Felipe Luiz , Scotti Nicola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate different direct restoration techniques on various cavity designs in anterior endodontically treated teeth (ETT).

Materials and methods
Ninety upper central incisors (n = 90) were selected, endodontically treated, and divided into three groups (n = 30) accordingly to the cavity design: minimal endodontic cavity access (group A), endodontic access + mesial class III cavity (group B), and endodontic access + two class III cavities (group C). Three subgroups (n = 10) were then created accordingly to the restoration technique: nano hybrid composite restoration (subgroup a), glass fiber post + dual-cure luting cement (subgroup b), and bundled glass fiber + dual-cure luting cement (subgroup c). Samples underwent micro-CT scan, chewing simulation, and a second micro-CT scan. 3D quantification (mm3) of interfacial gap progression was performed; then, samples underwent fracture resistance test. Data were statistically analyzed setting significance at p < 0.05.

Results
Groups A and B showed significantly lower interfacial gap progression compared with group C. Subgroup b performed significantly better compared with subgroups a and c. Improved fracture strength was reported for group C compared with group A, while both subgroups b and c performed better than subgroup a.

Conclusions
Cavity design significantly influenced interfacial gap progression and fracture resistance. Fiber posts significantly lowered gap progression and improved fracture resistance while bundled fibers only increased fracture resistance. A significant reduction of non-repairable fractures was recorded when fibers were applied.

Clinical relevance
A minimally invasive approach, conserving marginal crests, should be applied whenever possible. Inserting a fiber post is indicated when restoring anterior ETT, in order to reduce gap progression, improve fracture resistance, and avoid catastrophic failures.