bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit for the Recruitment of People Who Considered but Did Not Obtain Abortion Care in the United States: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Moseson Heidi , Wollum Alexandra , Seymour Jane W , Zuniga Carmela , Thompson Terri-Ann , Gerdts Caitlin 
Published: January 2021

Background
In the United States, abortion access is restricted by numerous logistical, financial, social, and policy barriers. Most studies on abortion-seeking experiences in the United States have recruited participants from abortion clinics. However, clinic-based recruitment strategies fail to capture the experiences of people who consider an abortion but do not make it to an abortion clinic. Research indicates that many people search for abortion information on the web; however, web-based recruitment remains underutilized in abortion research.

Objective
This study aims to establish the feasibility of using Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit as recruitment platforms for a study on abortion-seeking experiences in the United States.

Methods
From August to September 2018, we posted recruitment advertisements for a survey about abortion-seeking experiences through Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit. Eligible participants were US residents aged 15-49 years who had been pregnant in the past 5 years and had considered abortion for a pregnancy in this period but did not abort. For each platform, we recorded staff time to develop advertisements and manage recruitment, as well as costs related to advertisement buys and social marketing firm support. We summarized the number of views and clicks for each advertisement where possible, and we calculated metrics related to cost per recruited participant and recruitment rate by week for each platform. We assessed differences across platforms using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results
Overall, study advertisements received 77,464 views in the 1-month period (from Facebook and Google; information not available for Reddit) and 2808 study page views. After clicking on the advertisements, there were 1254 initiations of the eligibility screening survey, which resulted in 98 eligible survey participants (75 recruited from Facebook, 14 from Google Ads, and 9 from Reddit). The cost for each eligible participant in each platform was US $49.48 for Facebook, US $265.93 for Google Ads, and US $182.78 for Reddit. A total of 84% (66/79) of those who screened eligible from Facebook completed the short survey compared with 73% (8/11) of those who screened eligible from Reddit and 13% (7/53) of those who screened eligible from Google Ads.

Conclusions
These results suggest that Facebook advertisements may be the most time- and cost-effective strategy to recruit people who considered but did not obtain an abortion in the United States. Adapting and implementing Facebook-based recruitment strategies for research on abortion access could facilitate a more complete understanding of the barriers to abortion care in the United States.
Educational Needs and Preferences for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in the Cystic Fibrosis Community: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Godfrey Emily M , Kazmerski Traci M , Brown Georgia , Thayer Erin K , Mentch Laura , Pam Molly , Al Achkar Morhaf 
Published: January 2021

Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, life-shortening, multiorgan disease, the treatment of which has seen significant increases in the life expectancy of those with CF. Many advances in CF care are thanks to the dedicated and active participation of people with CF as research participants. Unfortunately, most CF research teams still do not fully partner with people with CF or their caregivers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the interest, knowledge gaps, and desired format for patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) training in the CF community.

Methods
We surveyed patients, caregivers, researchers, research staff, and diverse health care providers via list servers and social media outreach about their knowledge of, experience with, and preferences for PCOR training components. We followed the survey with 3 small-group discussion sessions with 22 participants who completed the survey to establish consensus and prioritize key learning components of a PCOR training program. We summarized results using descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 170 participants completed the survey (patients/caregivers: 96/170, 56.5%; researchers/health care providers: 74/170, 43.5%). Among providers, 26% (19/74) were physicians/advanced practice providers, 20% (15/74) were nurses, and 54% (40/74) were from other disciplines. Among all participants, 86.5% (147/170) expressed interest in learning about PCOR, although training topics and training format differed between the patient/caregiver and researcher/health care provider groups. Before participating in PCOR, patients/caregivers wanted to understand more about expectations of them as partners on PCOR research teams (82/96, 85%). Meanwhile, researchers/health care providers desired information on how to include outcomes important to patients/caregivers (55/74, 74%) and the quality and impact of PCOR research (52/74, 70% and 51/74, 69%, respectively). Patients/caregivers were most interested in learning about the time commitment as a PCOR team member (75/96, 78%). Researchers/health care providers wanted to receive training about how to establish trust (47/74, 64%) and maintain confidentiality (47/74, 64%) when including patient or caregiver partners on the PCOR team. During follow-up discussions, participants emphasized the importance of addressing the traditional patient/caregiver and researchers/health care provider hierarchy by teaching about transparency, appreciation, creating a common language between the groups, and providing specific training on “how” to do PCOR.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest CF community members are interested in PCOR. A high-quality training program would fill a current deficit in methodological research. This assessment identified the topics and formats desired and can be used to develop targeted training to enhance meaningful PCOR in CF.
Factors Contributing to Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Participation in Web-Based Challenges: Survey Study
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Zinzow Heidi , Rosopa Patrick , Natarajan Gitanjali , Achuthan Krishnashree , Narasimhan Meera 
Published: January 2021

Background
Web-based challenges, phenomena that are familiar to adolescents and young adults who spend large amounts of time on social media, range from minimally harmful behaviors intended to support philanthropic endeavors to significantly harmful behaviors that may culminate in injury or death.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the beliefs that lead adolescents and young adults to participate in these activities by analyzing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ice bucket challenge, representing nonharmful behaviors associated with web-based challenges, and the cinnamon challenge, representing web-based challenges that lead to harmful behaviors.

Methods
A retrospective quantitative study was conducted with a total of 471 participants aged between 13 and 35 years who either had participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or the cinnamon challenge, or had never participated in any web-based challenge. Binomial logistic regression models were used to classify those who participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or cinnamon challenge versus those who did not engage in either challenge using the integrated behavioral model’s beliefs as predictors.

Results
The findings showed that participants of both the cinnamon challenge and the ALS ice bucket challenge had significantly greater expectations from the public to participate in the challenge they completed in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge (P=.01 for the cinnamon challenge and P=.003 for the ALS ice bucket challenge). Cinnamon challenge participants had greater value for the outcomes of the challenge (P<.001) and perceived positive public opinion about the challenge (P<.001), in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge. In contrast, ALS ice bucket challenge participants had significantly greater positive emotional responses than individuals who never participated in any challenge (P<.001).

Conclusions
The constructs that contribute to the spread of web-based challenges vary based on the level of self-harm involved in the challenge and its purpose. Intervention efforts could be tailored to address the beliefs associated with different types of web-based challenges.
Etnomatemática e educação escolar
Authors: Ferreira Rogério 
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo coloca em foco violências colonialistas desveladas devido à pandemia da COVID 19, tendo como principal contexto analítico a educação em sua configuração escolar. Para sustentar reflexões nesse âmbito, três elementos pertencentes às origens da construção de saberes etnomatemáticos são pautados, a saber: - todo conhecimento é contextual; - matemática é um conjunto de saberes social e culturalmente construído; - tanto o ensino quanto a aprendizagem da matemática podem ser transformados por meio da ressignificação das relações interculturais. Com o aporte dessa tríade, dois complexos de fatores são então desenvolvidos. O primeiro diz respeito a relações existentes entre processos educacionais e ataques de natureza colonialista à diversidade sociocultural. O segundo coloca em evidência contextos educacionais quilombolas, indígenas e campesinos como espaços de luta contra os referidos ataques. Por fim, entrecruzando as reflexões desenvolvidas, o período pandêmico será criticamente refletido a fim de desvelar nexos causais no contexto da violência proveniente de movimentos colonizadores que permanecem presentes em processos educacionais na contemporaneidade.
O desafio entre teoria e prática na formação de professores
Authors: Lüdke Menga 
Published: January 2021

MOHR, Adriana; WIELEWCKI, Hamilton de G. (Orgs.). Prática como componente curricular:que novidade é essa 15 anos depois? 1. ed. Florianópolis: NUP/CED/UFSC, 2017, 272 pp
Obstetric Cholestasis: A Review and Update
Authors: Adaramodu Olawumi , Venyo Anthony Kodzo-Grey 
Published: January 2021

Obstetric cholestasis (OC) is a liver disorder that occurs in the late second and early third trimester of pregnancy characterized by pruritus with increased serum bile acids and other liver function tests. The pathophysiology of OC is still not completely understood. The symptoms and biochemical abnormality rapidly resolve after delivery. OC is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. The aetiology of obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy is poorly understood and is thought to be complicated and multifactorial. OC typically occurs in the late second trimester when the oestrogen levels are the highest in pregnancy. The most common complaint is generalized intense pruritus, which usually starts after the 30th week of pregnancy. Pruritus can be more common in the palms and soles and is typically worse at night. Other symptoms of cholestasis, such as nausea, anorexia, fatigue, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, and pale stool, can be present. Clinical jaundice is rare but may present in 14% to 25% of patients after 1 to 4 weeks of the onset of pruritus. Some patients also complain of insomnia as a result of pruritus. Generally, physical examination is unremarkable except for scratch marks on the skin from pruritus. Pruritus is a cardinal symptom of intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and may precede biochemical abnormalities. The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is via the presence of clinical symptoms pruritus in the third trimester with elevated maternal total serum bile acids and excluding other diagnoses, which can cause similar symptoms and lab abnormalities. Fasting blood samples should be used to check for the total bile salt acid level as it can become elevated in the postprandial state.
Once the diagnosis of OC of pregnancy is confirmed, immediate treatment is necessary, and the primary goal of therapy is to decrease the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality and to alleviate maternal symptoms. Maternal pruritus can be alleviated with use of moisturisers and oral antihistamines. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the drug of choice for the treatment of ICP.
Many authors have advocated elective early delivery of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy to reduce the risk of sudden foetal death. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends induction of labour after 37+0 weeks of gestation. Obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy is not an indication for Caesarean delivery. Postpartum pruritus typically disappears in the first 2 to 3 days following delivery, and serum bile acid concentrations will normalize eventually. ICP is not a contraindication to breastfeeding, and mothers with a history of ICP in pregnancy can breastfeed their infants. Postpartum monitoring and follow up of bile acids and liver function tests should be done in 4-6 weeks to ensure resolution. Women with the persistent abnormality of liver function test after 6 to 8 weeks require investigation for other aetiologies.
Association of Upper Lip Coverage with Gingival Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sharma Rajinder Kumar , Tewari Shikha , Tanwar Nishi 
Published: January 2021

Objective: As dryness is reported to be associated with inflammatory conditions in different body parts, incomplete coverage by upper lip may be responsible for gingival inflammation. The objective of the study was to assess status of gingival inflammation with reference to upper lip coverage.
Materials and methods: Patients with plaque-induced gingivitis consisting of 38 individuals with incomplete upper lip coverage (ILC) and 38 individuals with complete upper lip coverage (CLC) were enrolled. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded in whole dentition excluding third molars. Bleeding/plaque ratio was also calculated for different regions of dentition. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine association between BOP at labial sites of maxillary anterior teeth and upper lip coverage.
Results: Significantly higher PI, GI, BOP scores and BOP/plaque ratio were noted at labial sites of maxillary anterior teeth in ILC group as compared to CLC group (p=.001, p=.011, p=.004 and p=.016 respectively). Significantly higher scores of BOP were found at labial sites than palatal sites of ILC group (p=.003). Regression analysis revealed that maxillary anterior labial sites in ILC group were 1.51 times more likely of having BOP (adjusted odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-2.03, p=.006).
Conclusion: Incomplete upper lip coverage of maxillary gingiva is associated with higher periodontal inflammatory parameters at labial sites of maxillary anterior teeth.
Research on Tensor-Based Cooperative and Competitive in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Araya Tsega Weldu , Ibn Nawab Md Rashed , Yuan Ling A. P. 
Published: January 2021

As technology overgrows, the assortment of information and the density of work becomes demanding to manage. To resolve the density of employment and human labor, machine-learning (ML) technology developed. Reinforcement learning (RL) is the recent advancement of ML studies. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is useful to train multiple agents in the surrounding environment. The previous research studies focused on two-agent cooperation. Their data representation was held in a two-dimensional array, which is called a matrix. The limitation of this two-dimensional array appears as the training data of agents increases. The growth in the training data of agents creates storage drawbacks and data redundancy. Our first aim in this research is to improve an algorithm that can represent MARL training in tensor. In MARL, multiple agents are work together to achieve joint work. To share the training records and data of numerous agents, we need to collect the previous cumulative experience of agents in tensor.
Secondly, we will discover the agent's cooperation and competition, with local and global goals of agents in MARL. Local goals are the cooperation of agents in a group or team where we use the training model as a student and teacher agent. The global goal is the competition between two contrary teams to acquire the reward. All learning agents have their Q table for storing the individual agent's training data in an environment. The growth in the number of learning agents, their training experience in Q tables, and the requirement for representing multiple data become the most challenging issue. We introduce tensor to store various data to resolve the challenges for data representation in multiple agent associations. Tensor is expressed as the three-dimensional array, although it is an N-way array, which is useful for representing and accessing numerous data.
Finally, we will implement an algorithm for learning three cooperative agents against the opposed team using a tensor-based framework in the Q learning algorithm. We will provide an algorithm that can store the training records and data of multiple agents. Tensor advances to get a small storage size than the matrix for the training records of agents. Although three agent cooperation benefits to having maximum optimal reward.
Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics, Phytochemical Components and Fatty Acid Profile of Avocado Pear (Persea Americana L) Pulp and Seed Oil
Authors: Akusu O. M. , Obinna-Echem P. C. , Opurum P. C. C= , Chibor B. S. 
Published: January 2021

The physiochemical properties, phytochemical content, and fatty acid profile of Avocado pear (Persea americana) pulp and seeds oils were investigated. The pulp oil was extracted using the hot water flotation method while the seed oil was extracted by the soxhlet extraction method. Extracted oils were analyzed. The pulp oil was emerald green while the seed oil was brownish red in colour. Pulp oil has significantly higher blue (27B) on Lovibond scale. The oil yield, smoke point and flash point of the pulp oil were 28.26%, 171.00 °C and 201.67 °C respectively. Which were higher than 13.64%, 100.00 and 130.66 °C seen in the seed oil. Iodine value, FFA, peroxide value and saponification value of the pulp oil were respectively 50.70 g/100 g, 0.53%, 1.10 mEq/kg and 218.66 mgKOH/g while those of the seed oil were 40.68 g/100 g, 2.85%, 2.16 mEq/kg and 198.31 mgKOH/g respectively. Saponins, alkaloid, phenol, tannin, and oxalate content of the seed oil were significantly higher than those of the pulp oil, with respective values of 12.23, 1.06, 5.06, 3.05 and 10.07 mg/100 g. Flavonoid was however higher in the pulp oil, at 6.20 mg/100 g. avocado pulp oil contained 43.23% oleic acid, 19.78% linoleic acid. It contains only 35.31% total saturated fatty acids. The seed oil was shown to contain 55% palmitic acid, as the predominant saturated fatty acid and contained a total of 69% saturated fatty acids. It is recommended that avocado seed oil be refined before use for culinary purposes.
Tactical Communications between Military Vehicles
Authors: Ferreira André , Torres João , Martins Maria , Baptista Antonio 
Published: January 2021

The increasing evolution and development of telecommunications as well as the need for wider bandwidths to comply with the users’ needs, has led to the development of the so-called free space optical communications. The advantages of optical communications in comparison to radio frequency communications draw interest for certain military applications.
This paper describes the simulation, development and implementation of an optical communication system which integrates the various functional blocks of the optical emitter and the optical receiver and presents some theoretical considerations about the specific characteristics of the propagation of the optical signals in free space. The implementation of this system in military vehicles to allow wider bandwidth in military communications, as well as to function as an alternative system to the used systems, is one of the objectives of this dissertation.
For this purpose, two circuits (emitter and receiver) were projected and designed including the design of printed circuit boards (PCB) and performed some simulations of the optical part of the complete system and the electronic simulation of some parts of the electronic circuits.
Employing Long Short-Term Memory Networks in Trigger Detection for Emetophobia
Authors: Mircea M.-M. 
Published: January 2021

Research focused on mental health-related issues is vital to the modern person’s life. Specific phobias are part of the anxiety disorder umbrella and they are distressing afflictions. Emetophobia is the rarely known, yet fairly common and highly disruptive specific phobia of vomiting. Unlike other phobias, emetophobia is triggered not only by the object of the specific fear, but also by verbal and written mentions of said object. This paper proposes and compares ten neural network-based architectures that discern between triggering and non-triggering groups of written words. An interface is created, where the best models can be used in emetophobia-related applications. This interface is then integrated into an application that can be used by emetophobes to censor online content such that the exposure to triggers is controlled, patient-centered, and patient-paced.
Golden Ratio
Authors: Rajput Dr. Chetansing 
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces the unique geometric features of 1:2: right triangle, which is observed to be the quintessential form of Golden Ratio (φ). The 1:2: triangle, with all its peculiar geometric attributes described herein, turns out to be the real ‘Golden Ratio Triangle’ in every sense of the term. This special right triangle also reveals the fundamental Pi:Phi (π:φ) correlation, in terms of precise geometric ratios, with an extreme level of precision. Further, this 1:2: triangle is found to have a classical geometric relationship with 3-4-5 Pythagorean triple. The perfect complementary relationship between1:2: triangle and 3-4-5 triangle not only unveils several new aspects of Golden Ratio, but it also imparts the most accurate π:φ correlation, which is firmly premised upon the classical geometric principles. Moreover, this paper introduces the concept of special right triangles; those provide the generalised geometric substantiation of all Metallic Means.
La aplicación del crossfit en el ámbito escolar
Authors: Fuentes-Lorca A 
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación, realizada en el ámbito educativo, se ha centrado en la aplicación de la modalidad deportiva CrossFit. Los sujetos de dicho estudio son alumnos y alumnas de sexto curso de educación primaria, los cuales pertenecen a familias de un nivel socioeconómico medio-alto. Se ha pretendido conectar los resultados y la evolución de la aplicación de esta precitada modalidad deportiva dicho proceso con aspectos relacionados con la salud tales como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), así como con su estilo de vida activo, o no, a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ).