bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Crystallographically Supported Equation for Calculating Water in Emerald from the Sodium Content
Authors: Henry Rhiana E. , Groat Lee A. , Evans R. James , Cempírek Jan , Škoda Radek 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Emerald is the most well-recognized beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) variety, and although it has been extensively studied, a satisfactory method for quantifying the water content within the structural channels of the crystal lattice has yet to be proposed. Water is frequently present in the structural channels of beryl and can occur in two orientations (Type I and Type II). While spectroscopic methods are ideal for determining the orientation of the water molecules, measuring the overall water content often requires expensive or destructive analytical techniques. Sodium is necessary to charge-balance divalent cation substitutions at the Al site of beryl; it is also correlated with H2O in the structural channels, which typically occurs as Type II water. In this study, we present equations that can be used to easily calculate the H2O content of an emerald beryl with significant Na+ content based on either Na+apfu or Na2O weight percent. Unlike previous work, these equations are derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data which can be used to accurately measure both the Na+ and H2O contents. We checked the validity of the data using electron probe microanalyses for elements heavier than O. We compared the results with hypothetical scenarios in which different cation substitutions are prevalent, as weight percentages are variable based on the elemental contents. Our results indicate that Na+ or Na2O weight percent can be used to calculate H2O content in emerald beryl with reasonable accuracy, which will allow future researchers to use a simple calculation instead of expensive or destructive techniques when determining H2O content in emeralds.
Explaining face-voice matching decisions: The contribution of mouth movements, stimulus effects and response biases
Authors: Lavan Nadine , Smith Harriet , Jiang Li , McGettigan Carolyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that face-voice matching accuracy is more consistently above chance for dynamic (i.e. speaking) faces than for static faces. This suggests that dynamic information can play an important role in informing matching decisions. We initially asked whether this advantage for dynamic stimuli is due to shared information across modalities that is encoded in articulatory mouth movements. Participants completed a sequential face-voice matching task with (1) static images of faces, (2) dynamic videos of faces, (3) dynamic videos where only the mouth was visible, and (4) dynamic videos where the mouth was occluded, in a well-controlled stimulus set. Surprisingly, after accounting for random variation in the data due to design choices, accuracy for all four conditions was at chance. Crucially, however, exploratory analyses revealed that participants were not responding randomly, with different patterns of response biases being apparent for different conditions. Our findings suggest that face-voice identity matching may not be possible with above-chance accuracy but that analyses of response biases can shed light upon how people attempt face-voice matching. We discuss these findings with reference to the differential functional roles for faces and voices recently proposed for multimodal person perception.
Interleaved practice benefits implicit sequence learning and transfer
Authors: Schorn Julia M. , Knowlton Barbara J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompared to blocked practice, interleaved practice of different tasks leads to superior long-term retention despite poorer initial acquisition performance. This phenomenon, the contextual interference effect, is well documented in various domains but it is not yet clear if it persists in the absence of explicit knowledge in terms of fine motor sequence learning. Additionally, while there is some evidence that interleaved practice leads to improved transfer of learning to similar actions, transfer of implicit motor sequence learning has not been explored. The present studies used a serial reaction time task where participants practiced three different eight-item sequences that were either interleaved or blocked on Day 1 (training) and Day 2 (testing). In Experiment 1, the retention of the three training sequences was tested on Day 2 and in Experiment 2, three novel sequences were performed on Day 2 to measure transfer. We assessed whether subjects were aware of the sequences to determine whether the benefit of interleaved practice extends to implicitly learned sequences. Even for participants who reported no awareness of the sequences, interleaving led to a benefit for both retention and transfer compared to participants who practiced blocked sequences. Those who trained with blocked sequences were left unprepared for interleaved sequences at test, while those who trained with interleaved sequences were unaffected by testing condition, revealing that learning resulting from blocked practice may be less flexible and more vulnerable to testing conditions. These results indicate that the benefit of interleaved practice extends to implicit motor sequence learning and transfer.
Pemahaman Siswa tentang Budaya Politik dan Kesadaran Berdemokrasi dengan Komitmen Berakhlakul Kharimah
Authors: Waluyo Budi , Pudjiastuti Sri Rahayu , Sutisna Mohamad 
Published: April 2021

Akhlakul karimah tidak lahir begitu saja menjadi kodrat manusia atau muncul secara tiba-tiba. Akan tetapi membutuhkan proses yang panjang serta memanifestasi seumur hidup melalui pembelajaran atau pendidikan akhlak yang sistematis bersifat menyeluruh meliputi 4 dimensi kehidupan manusia yaitu fisik, mental, emosional dan spiritual. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI di SMK Kecamatan Serang Baru Bekasi berjumlah 139 siswa yang berada di 5 Sekolah. Untuk sampel digunakan teknik proportional random sampling dengan rumus Slovin, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 103 orang siswa. Untuk ujicoba instrumen diambil sebanyak 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Terdapat hubungan positif pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi secara bersama-sama dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah dengan koefisien korelasi R sebesar 0,803 dan persamaan regresi berganda ?=42,84+0,46X1+0,32X2 dan harga Fhitung=91,026>3,09=Ftabel pada taraf signifikansi ?=0,05. Hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis penelitian diterima pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: Terdapat hubungan positif pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi secara bersama-sama dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah pada siswa SMK di Kecamatan Serang Baru Kabupaten Bekasi.
Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Ketuhanan dan Sikap Solidaritas dengan Perilaku Jujur Siswa SMK PGRI I Kota Bogor
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad , Pudjiastuti Sri Rahayu , Sutisna Mohamad 
Published: April 2021

Nilai yang terkandung dalam Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa manjadi sulit di realisasikan, terutama dalam mebangun kesadaran menghargai persamaan kedudukan warga negara, demikian juga dengan terwujudnya sikap solidaritas terhadap sesama siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data empiris mengenai Hubungan pemahaman Nilai-Nilai KetuhananYang Maha Esa dan Sikap Solidaritas dengan Perilaku Jujur siswa Kelas XII SMK PGRI I Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi koralasional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 siswa yang di dapat secara acak. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk variabel X1 (pemahaman Nilai-nilai Ketuhanan YME) dikur menggunakan tes dan X2 (sikap solidaritas) dan Y (perilaku jujur siswa) menggunakan angket skala perilaku. Pengujian hipotesis terbukti bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan sikap solidaritas dengan perilaku jujur siswa. Koefisien korelasi jamak sebesar 0,993. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,889. Dikatakan 88,9% variansi yang terjadi pada perilaku jujur siswa (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (X1) dan sikap solidaritas (X2). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan posistif antara pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan sikap solidaritas dengan perilaku jujur siswa.
Study of vibratory condition of the construction with a structural defect in progressive damage development stages
Authors: Kokurov A. M. , Odintsev I. N. 
Published: April 2021

The paper presents an improved method of experimental and computational studies of vibratory condition of the composite constructions with structural defects such as local fibrations. With the proposed approach it is possible to determine the size of the defect and its influence on the inherent forms and structure vibration frequency. In our work we demonstrate practical application of the technique studying the vibration characteristics of the feathering propeller blades with defective structure of the material.
Variation of Broad Emission Lines from QSOs with Optical/UV Periodicity to Test the Interpretation of Supermassive Binary Black Holes
Authors: Ji Xiang , Lu Youjun , Ge Junqiang , Yan Changshuo , Song Zihao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Periodic quasars have been suggested to host supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) in their centers, and their optical/UV periodicities are interpreted as caused by either the Doppler-boosting (DB) effect of continuum emission from the disk around the secondary black hole (BH) or intrinsic accretion rate variation. However, no other definitive evidence has been found to confirm such a BBH interpretation(s). In this paper, we investigate the responses of broad emission lines (BELs) to the continuum variations for these quasars under two BBH scenarios and check whether they can be distinguished from each other and from that of a single BH system. We assume a simple circumbinary broad-line region (BLR) model, compatible with BLR size estimates, with a standard Γ distribution of BLR clouds. We find that BELs may change significantly and periodically under the BBH scenarios due to (1) the position variation of the secondary BH and (2) the DB effect, if significant, and/or intrinsic variation, which is significantly different from the case of a single BH system. For the two BBH scenarios, the responses of BELs to (apparent) continuum variations, caused by the DB effect or intrinsic rate variation, are also significantly different from each other, mainly because the DB effect has a preferred direction along the direction of motion of the secondary BH, while that due to intrinsic variation does not. Such differences in the responses of BELs from different scenarios may offer a robust way to distinguish different interpretations of periodic quasars and to identify BBHs, if any, in these systems.
PeV–EeV Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Blazars due to Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Propagation
Authors: Das Saikat , Gupta Nayantara , Razzaque Soebur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Blazars are potential sources of cosmic-ray acceleration up to ultrahigh energies (E ≳ 1018 eV). For an efficient cosmic-ray injection from blazars, pγ collisions with extragalactic background light (EBL) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) can produce neutrino spectra with peaks near to PeV and EeV energies, respectively. In this work, we analyze the contribution of these neutrinos to the diffuse background measured by the IceCube neutrino observatory. The fraction of neutrino luminosity originating from individual redshift ranges is calculated using the distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs provided in the Fermi-LAT 4LAC catalog. Furthermore, we use a luminosity-dependent density evolution to find the neutrino flux of unresolved blazars. The results obtained in our model indicate that as much as ≈10% of the flux upper bound at a few PeV energies can arise from cosmic-ray interactions with EBL. The same interactions will also produce secondary electrons and photons, initiating electromagnetic cascades. The resultant photon spectrum is limited by the isotropic diffuse γ-ray flux measured between 100 MeV and 820 GeV. The latter, together with the observed cosmic-ray flux at E > 1016.5 eV, can constrain the baryonic loading factor, depending on the maximum cosmic-ray acceleration energy.
Equation-of-state Table with Hyperon and Antikaon for Supernova and Neutron Star Merger
Authors: Malik Tuhin , Banik Sarmistha , Bandyopadhyay Debades 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop a new equation-of-state (EOS) table involving thermal (anti)kaons, Bose–Einstein condensate of K
− mesons, and Λ-hyperons for core-collapse supernova and neutron star merger simulations. This EOS table is based on a finite-temperature, density-dependent relativistic hadron field theory where baryon–baryon interaction is mediated by scalar σ, vector ω, and ρ mesons, using the parameter set DD2 for nucleons. The repulsive hyperon–hyperon interaction is mediated by an additional strange ϕ meson. The EOS for the K
− condensed matter is also calculated within the framework of the relativistic mean field model, whereas the low-density, inhomogeneous matter is calculated in the extended nuclear statistical equilibrium model. The EOS table is generated for a wide range of values of three parameters—baryon density (10−12 to ∼1 fm−3), positive charge fraction (0.01–0.60), and temperature (0.1–158.48 MeV).
Ultra-fast Model Emulation with PRISM: Analyzing the Meraxes Galaxy Formation Model
Authors: van der Velden Ellert , Duffy Alan R. , Croton Darren , Mutch Simon J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the potential of an emulator-based approach to analyzing galaxy formation models in the domain where constraining data is limited. We have applied the open-source Python package Prism to the galaxy formation model Meraxes. Meraxes is a semianalytic model, purposely built to study the growth of galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. Constraining such models is however complicated by the scarcity of observational data in the EoR. Prism’s ability to rapidly construct accurate approximations of complex scientific models using minimal data is therefore key to performing this analysis well. This paper provides an overview of our analysis of Meraxes using measurements of galaxy stellar mass densities, luminosity functions, and color–magnitude relations. We demonstrate the power of using Prism instead of a full Bayesian analysis when dealing with highly correlated model parameters and a scarce set of observational data. Our results show that the various observational data sets constrain Meraxes differently and do not necessarily agree with each other, signifying the importance of using multiple observational data types when constraining such models. Furthermore, we show that Prism can detect when model parameters are too correlated or cannot be constrained effectively. We conclude that a mixture of different observational data types, even when they are scarce or inaccurate, is a priority for understanding galaxy formation and that emulation frameworks such as Prism can guide the selection of such data.
Reviewing Disease Activity Indices in Spondyloarthritis From the Sex Perspective: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Blasco-Blasco Mar , Castrejón Isabel , Jovaní Vega , Pascual Eliseo , Ruiz-Cantero María Teresa 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) exhibited differences between women and men.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and other sources in English or Spanish from January 1, 1995, to July 31, 2020, to assess the differences according to sex in BASDAI and ASDAS. We performed a comparative analysis by sex using t test and mean difference by sex metaanalyses for BASDAI and ASDAS, as well as a random-effects model using the inverse-variance method.ResultsForty-one studies included BASDAI (6785 women, 12,929 men) and 16 of them included ASDAS (2046 women, 4403 men). Disease activity detected using BASDAI was significantly higher in women than in men (mean 4.9 vs 4.2, P = 0.02), whereas ASDAS did not detect differences between sexes (mean 2.8 women vs 2.8 men). In the metaanalyses, BASDAI detected significant differences between women and men (mean difference = 0.55 [95% CI 0.46–0.65], P < 0.00001), but ASDAS did not identify significant mean difference between sexes (0.04, 95% CI –0.05 to 0.12], P = 0.38).ConclusionThe 2 most widely used indices of disease activity in spondyloarthritis (SpA) discriminate differently according to sex by their different evaluations of peripheral disease. The different components and weights in BASDAI and ASDAS influence their values. BASDAI may be affected by fatigue, and in predominantly peripheral manifestations such as enthesitis, ASDAS may not be sensitive enough to detect activity. This may represent a sex bias unfavorable to women, because peripheral SpA is more common in women than in men.
Des relations entre jouer et créer des jeux vidéo
Authors: Delbouille Julie , Hurel Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2021

Jouer et créer sont deux activités qui semblent liées : il y a une part de créativité dans l’acte de jeu et une part de jeu dans l’acte créatif. Il n’est cependant pas aisé de caractériser, au-delà de cette intuition, ce qui unit ces deux activités. Nous proposons d’éclairer ce lien par la notion d’improvisation, que nous allons construire depuis deux perspectives pragmatiques : d’abord en identifiant le caractère improvisé de l’acte de jouer aux jeux vidéo et ensuite en cherchant à comprendre ce qu’il y a d’improvisé dans la création de jeux vidéo amateurs.
The Stanley Parable : le joueur contre le narrateur
Authors: Hoare Douglas 
Published: April 2021

L’expérience interactive du jeu vidéo permet à tout joueur de concourir à la narration de sa partie. D’un jeu vidéo à l’autre, le dispositif lui laisse une certaine latitude dans la mise en scène des événements et dans leur déroulement. En tant que « co-créateur de son expérience ludique », le joueur entre dans The Stanley Parable (Galactic Cafe, 2013) en conflit ouvert avec un personnage singulier : le narrateur. Figure allégorique s’il en est, ce personnage de narrateur – simple voix hors champ dictant le cours de l’action – est le symbole d’une contrainte structurelle qui s’exerce habituellement de manière impersonnelle. Alors que la plupart des jeux vidéo ont tendance à faire passer le fil d’un scénario pré-écrit pour une suite de décisions appartenant au joueur seul, la contradiction est ici tendue à l’extrême : la contrainte de la narration est personnalisée et l’on peut lui désobéir. Lorsque Stanley, avatar du joueur, arrive devant deux portes, la voix lui intime de prendre celle de gauche. Libre à lui de prendre celle de droite. Une lutte s’instaure alors entre le joueur et le narrateur pour le contrôle de l’histoire.Cette lutte entre narrateur et avatar, au cœur de la mécanique ludique de The Stanley Parable, nous semble questionner la place du joueur dans le dispositif du jeu vidéo. À l’instar des films de la Nouvelle Vague, le jeu de Galactic Cafe parodie les codes et les canons de l’industrie et va jusqu’à les déconstruire pour proposer une expérience singulière de jeu. Cette lutte entre le joueur et le narrateur, explicitée par la mise en scène, n’est-elle pas à l’image de l’ambivalence entre poïèse et esthèse qui structure toute expérience vidéoludique ? N’est-elle pas l’expression imagée d’une lutte intérieure que connaît tout joueur ?
Ouvrir l’espace poétique potentiel des jeux vidéo
Authors: Xiong Guofan , Chen Chu-Yin 
Published: April 2021

Comment pouvons-nous recréer des jeux originaux inspirés des formes poétiques littéraires, étroitement liées à leur contexte culturel, et offrant aux joueurs des expériences ludiques et poétiques ? Dans cet article, nous analyserons les liens profonds entre le jeu de table traditionnel mah-jong et la forme poétique chinoise juéjù, afin de déterminer comment ces formes poétiques sont représentées par les règles du jeu et d’autres éléments ludiques. En les comparant avec des exemples de jeux vidéo traitant d’un sujet similaire, nous verrons quelles inspirations peuvent contribuer à créer un gameplay support d’expérience poétique, qui présente à la fois les formes et le sens de la poésie. Par l’exploration de ces formes dans des projets de game art, nous allons découvrir l’espace poétique potentiel de médium du jeu vidéo.
Assessment of an Educational Tool for Pediatric Cardiac Nurses on Individualized Family-Centered Developmental Care
Authors: Dean Spencer , Long Meghan , Ryan Edie , Tarnoviski Kelly , Mondal Antara , Lisanti Amy Jo 
Published: April 2021

Background
Prevention of neurodevelopmental sequelae is a high priority in the care of infants with congenital heart defects. Individualized family-centered developmental care has been identified as a promising approach to promote infant neurodevelopment during hospitalization.

Objective
To educate nurses on the concept of individualized family-centered developmental care and its application to nursing practice and to reduce perceived barriers to its implementation.

Methods
Two evidence-based visual educational tools called “developmental care flowers” were created and implemented in the inpatient and procedural units of a cardiac center. Each flower petal represented a core component of individualized family-centered developmental care: cue-based care, patient positioning, supportive environment, and parent engagement. Surveys were administered before and after the educational intervention to assess changes in nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of individualized family-centered developmental care.

Results
Nurses reported that the developmental care flowers improved their understanding of individualized family-centered developmental care. The educational tools reduced some perceived barriers to implementation of this care model and increased nurse-reported inclusion of parents in care. Qualitative feedback from staff members regarding the tools was positive and acknowledged that individualized family-centered developmental care should be an ongoing priority.

Conclusions
The inpatient and procedural developmental care flowers are useful tools for educating nurses about individualized family-centered developmental care. They could be revised into more interactive tools that might be used to educate parents and further support the integration of this care concept into nursing practice.
Critical Thinking Tools for Quality Improvement Projects
Authors: Whiteman Kimberly , Yaglowski Jason , Stephens Kimberly 
Published: April 2021

TopicThis article explores the use of 4 quality improvement tools and 2 evidence-based practice tools that, when used within the nursing process, encourage critical thinking about quality issues.Clinical RelevancePatients and families expect to receive patient-centered, high-quality, and cost-effective care. Caring for critically ill patients is challenging and requires nurses to engage in quality improvement efforts to ensure that they provide evidence-based care.Purpose of PaperTo explore the use of critical thinking tools and evidence-based practice tools in assessing and diagnosing quality issues in the clinical setting.Content CoveredThe nursing process serves as the framework for problem solving. Some commonly used critical thinking tools for assessing and diagnosing quality issues are described, including the Spaghetti Diagram, the 5 Whys, the Cause and Effect Diagram, and the Pareto chart.