bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐throughput screening method for the discovery of Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts with potential in the brewing industry
Authors: Aguiar‐Cervera Jose E. , Delneri Daniela , Severn Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeast strains are of great importance for the fermentation industry, especially with the flourishing of craft breweries, which are driving current innovations. Non‐conventional yeasts can produce novel beverages with attractive characteristics such as flavour, texture, and reduced alcohol content; however, they have been poorly explored. A new method for screening the fitness of conventional and non‐conventional yeast libraries utilising robotic platforms and solidified media representing industrial conditions is proposed. As proof of concept, a library formed of 6 conventional and 17 non‐conventional yeast strains was distributed in 96, 384 and 1536 arrays onto a YPD agar medium. Following this, the library was replicated in different conditions mimicking beer and cider fermentation conditions. The colony size was monitored over time, and fitness values measured in maximum pixels/h and maximum biomass were calculated. Significant differences in growth were observed in between the different strains and conditions. As examples, Candida milleri Y‐7245 displayed good performance in wort conditions, and Kazachstania yakushimaensis Y‐48837 stood out for its performance in apple juice. The method is proposed to be used as a pre‐screening step when studying vast yeast libraries. This would enable interested parties to discover potential hits for further study at a low initial cost. Furthermore, this method can be used in other applications where the desired screening media can be solidified.
Retrospective validation of a machine learning clinical decision support tool for myocardial infarction risk stratification
Authors: Panchavati Saarang , Lam Carson , Zelin Nicole S. , Pellegrini Emily , Barnes Gina , Hoffman Jana , Garikipati Anurag , Calvert Jacob , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiagnosis and appropriate intervention for myocardial infarction (MI) are time‐sensitive but rely on clinical measures that can be progressive and initially inconclusive, underscoring the need for an accurate and early predictor of MI to support diagnostic and clinical management decisions. The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning algorithm (MLA) to predict MI diagnosis based on electronic health record data (EHR) readily available during Emergency Department assessment. An MLA was developed using retrospective patient data. The MLA used patient data as they became available in the first 3 h of care to predict MI diagnosis (defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code) at any time during the encounter. The MLA obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87, sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 70%, outperforming the comparator scoring systems TIMI and GRACE on all metrics. An MLA can synthesize complex EHR data to serve as a clinically relevant risk stratification tool for MI.
Optimal road grade design based on stochastic speed trajectories for minimising transportation energy consumption
Authors: Liu Junhui , Feng Lei , Li Zhiwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReducing energy consumption, regardless of fuel or electricity, of ground vehicles is a paramount pursuit in academia and industry. Current research concentrates exclusively on the improvement of the vehicle, but accepts the road conditions as external influences. The innovation of this article is to consider the road conditions, particularly the grade angle, as design variables. It is assumed that the stochastic speed trajectories of all vehicles on the road can be modelled by a Markov chain. The expected value of the average energy consumptions of all vehicles running on the road is defined as the objective function. The optimisation problem is solved by dynamic programming with Markov model. Evaluations have been made on both simulated and measured speed trajectories. For the simulated speed trajectories, the optimal road grade profile designed by the method saves up to 22% energy compared with a flat road. For the measured speed trajectories, the optimal road grade profile saves up to 2.7% transportation energy compared with the actual road profile. Application of this method on building road could lead to considerable energy saving.
Une exploration interdisciplinaire des liens entre relation au lieu et concernement. À propos des risques fluviaux et côtiers en France métropolitaine
Authors: Bousquet François , Rocle Nicolas , Rey-Valette Hélène , Meur-Ferec Catherine , Vye Didier , Lautrédou-Audouy Nicole , Amalric Marion , Blanchet Lucile , Lyser Sandrine , Blondy Caroline , Becu Nicolas 
Published: August 2021

Quels sont les liens entre la relation au lieu que développent des individus et leur « concernement » à propos de phénomènes qualifiés de « risques » sur ce même lieu ? Afin de répondre à cette question, un état de l’art précise tout d’abord le concept de « concernement » en qualifiant différentes modalités (notamment « passif » ou « actif ») ainsi que le concept de « relation au lieu » et ses différentes dimensions (identitaire, émotionnelle, symbolique, fonctionnelle). Sur la base de ces précisions, et à partir des données issues de différentes enquêtes menées sur les littoraux français, une analyse est ensuite menée pour explorer empiriquement les liens entre différentes dimensions de la relation au lieu et les modalités de concernement vis-à-vis des risques fluviaux et côtiers. Les résultats montrent des liens négatifs entre les dimensions symboliques et émotionnelles de la relation au lieu et un concernement qualifié de passif, ainsi que des liens positifs entre la relation symbolique au lieu et un concernement dit actif. Ces relations sont enfin discutées par rapport aux implications de ce type de résultats dans des processus de gouvernance.
Analysis of Preoperative and Operative Factors Influencing Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance in Lenke Type 1 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Berlin Clara , Quante Markus , Freifrau von Richthofen Esther , Halm Henry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Postoperative shoulder imbalance is a common complication in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and may impair patient satisfaction. The little data in the literature on the prediction and treatment of postoperative shoulder imbalance is incongruous. According to some studies, postoperative shoulder imbalance depends on the superior instrumented vertebral bodies, skeletal maturity, extent of correction and flexibility of the major curve.
Question Can preoperative radiological parameters from X-ray and traction films as well as correction of the curves be used to identify a factor impacting on postoperative shoulder imbalance?
Material and Methods Prospective data in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with thoracic curve (Lenke type 1), operated on between 2015 and 2018 at a scoliosis centre, were analysed retrospectively based on full-length X-rays of the spine (pre-/postOP and follow-up (FU)) and preoperative-traction films: age; correction of proximal, main and lumbar curve; shoulder height [mm]; clavicle angle [°]; T1 tilt [°]; coronal plumb line deviation [mm]. The findings were expressed as means with standard deviation. Changes in parameters over time (postOP-FU) were compared by t test (significance level α = 0.05). The correlation between preOP parameters and extent of correction with postoperative shoulder imbalance (≥ 15 mm) was determined by Pearson correlation and regression classification analysis.
Outcomes 55 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, mean age of 15 ± 1.4 years. The FU-rate after a mean of 15 months was 80% (n = 44). Correction of proximal, main and lumbar curve: 47.0%, 75.8% and 68.8%, respectively, without statistically significant change (Δ) in FU (p > 0.05). Shoulder height was − 11.0 ± 12.7 mm (preOP), 15.5 ± 13.4 mm (postOP), 10.1 ± 10.6 mm (FU) (p < 0.05). 38% of those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis had preOP right shoulder elevation; 55% (postOP) and 32% (FU) respectively had postoperative shoulder imbalance (left shoulder elevation). Strong statistical correlation was found for Δshoulder position (FU-preOP) with pre-OP shoulder position (r = − 0.7), and Δshoulder position (pre-OP traction films) (r = 0.5) with pre-OP clavicle angle (r = − 0.5). On regression classification analysis, 81.8% of cases did display postoperative shoulder imbalance if proximal curve correction was ≤ 64.4%; main and lumbar curve correction,
Δshoulder elevation (preOP traction films) played a secondary role.
Discussion One common complication even in Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is postoperative shoulder imbalance. Preoperative planning should include traction films, preoperative shoulder position and clavicle angle to avoid postoperative shoulder imbalance. Moderate correction of proximal curve is critical for postoperative shoulder balance.
Cytotoxicity of Poupartone B, an Alkyl Cyclohexenone Derivative from Poupartia borbonica, against Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ledoux Allison , Bériot Daphnée , Mamede Lucia , Desdemoustier Pauline , Detroz Fanny , Jansen Olivia , Frédérich Michel , Maquoi Erik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Poupartia borbonica is an endemic tree from the Mascarene Islands that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. The leaves of this plant were phytochemically studied previously, and isolated alkyl cyclohexenone derivatives, poupartones A – C, demonstrated antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. In addition to their high potency against the Plasmodium sp., high toxicity on human cells was also displayed. The present study aims to investigate in more detail the cytotoxicity and pharmacological interest of poupartone B, one of the most abundant derivatives in the leaves of P. borbonica. For that purpose, real-time live-cell imaging of different human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts, treated or not treated with poupartone B, was performed. A potent inhibition of cell proliferation associated with the induction of cell death was observed. A detailed morphological analysis of different adherent cell lines exposed to high concentrations of
poupartone B (1 – 2 µg/mL) demonstrated that this compound induced an array of cellular alterations, including a rapid retraction of cellular protrusions associated with cell rounding, massive cytoplasmic vacuolization, loss of plasma membrane integrity, and plasma membrane bubbling, ultimately leading to paraptosis-like cell death. The structure-activity relation of this class of compounds, their selective toxicity, and pharmacological potential are discussed.
Evaluation of the Congenital Hypothyroidism Detection Strategy in Extremely Preterm Infants in Western Andalusia
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Ricardo , Núñez-Jurado David , Melguizo-Madrid Enrique , Álvarez-Ríos Ana I. , Delgado-Pecellín Carmen 
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to identify extremely premature infants (< 31 weeks of gestation and/or <1,500 g) affected by congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with delayed elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) and to evaluate the detection strategy for this pathology in our reference screening population.
Study Design A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out with samples collected from western Andalusia and the autonomous city of Ceuta.
Results This protocol allowed us to detect six neonates with delayed TSH elevation. One of them, due to serious heart problems, died without being able to confirm CH. In two neonates, however, it was possible to detect CH, another two presented a persistent TSH elevation but normal free T4, and another one presented a temporary TSH elevation.
Conclusion It is essential to repeat the CH screening in extremely premature infants, not only at the age of 15 days but also with a third sample at the moment of hospital discharge to detect cases with delayed TSH elevation.
Key Points
Impact of Askling L-PROTOCOL on Biceps Femoris Architecture, Hamstring Flexibility and Sprint Performance
Authors: Alonso-Fernandez Diego , Martinez-Fernandez Juan , Docampo-Blanco Pedro , Fernandez-Rodriguez Rosana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEccentric training has been shown to be important for hamstring strain injuries rehabilitation and prevention. The Askling L-PROTOCOL (L-P), comprising three exercises aimed at eccentric training and hamstring lengthening, was shown to improve this injuries recovery and relapse times in comparison with other traditional exercise-based protocols. However, the causes of these results remain unclear. This study looks at the impact of an 8-week L-P followed by 4 weeks of detraining on the architecture of the biceps femoris long head, hamstring flexibility and sprint performance. Twenty-eight healthy individuals were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which carried out the L-P, and a control group with no training. Muscle architecture was measured using 2D ultrasound, hamstring flexibility using goniometry and sprint performance using sports radar equipment before (M1) and after (M2) the training period and after detraining (M3). No significant changes were observed between M1 and M2 in the experimental group with regard to fascicle length (t=− 0.79, P>0.05), theoretical maximum speed (t=− 1.43, P>0.05), horizontal force (t=0.09, P>0.05), force application during sprint running (t=− 0.09, P>0.05) and horizontal power (t=− 0.97, P>0.05), but, however, changes were observed in hamstring flexibility (t=− 4.42, d=0.98, P<0.001) returning to pre-training values after detraining period (t=− 1.11, P>0.05). L-P has been shown to be an eccentric protocol of moderate intensity and easy implementation that could be interesting to include throughout a sports season.
Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypoparathyroidism and Hypocalcemia due to Novel Variants in the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 6 (TRPM6) Gene
Authors: Jain Geetanjali , Das Gourab , Malhotra Rakhi , Ramchandran Sateesh , Phani Nagaraja M. , Appaswamy Giridharan , Sridharan Upasana , Dwivedi Aradhana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHOMG1 (hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal) or hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of magnesium metabolism, characterized by impaired magnesium absorption. This disorder may mimic other conditions presenting with neonatal seizures. Here, we report an infant diagnosed to have hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia due to novel variants in TRPM6 gene.
The HBG2 rs7482144 (C > T) Polymorphism is Linked to HbF Levels but not to the Severity of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Lakkakula Bhaskar V. K. S. , Pattnaik Smaranika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSickle cell anemia (SCA) is a severe disease characterized by anemia, acute clinical complications, and a relatively short life span. In this disease, abnormal hemoglobin makes the red blood cells deformed, rigid, and sticky. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is one of the key modulators of SCA morbidity and mortality. Interindividual HbF variation is a heritable trait that is controlled by polymorphism in genes linked and unlinked to the hemoglobin β gene (HBB). The genetic polymorphisms that determine HbF levels are known to ameliorate acute clinical events. About 190 well-characterized homozygous SCA patients were included in this study. Complete blood count (CBC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and clinical investigations were obtained from patient's records. Severity scores were determined by using the combination of anemia, complications, total leucocyte count, and transfusion scores. HBG2 rs7482144 polymorphism was genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between HBG2 rs7482144 polymorphism and HbF levels as well as the disease severity of SCA were assessed. SCA patients carrying TT genotype were found to have higher HbF levels. In addition, SCA patients with increased severity showed significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, HbF, and hematocrit values. However, the genotypes of HBG2 rs7482144 polymorphism were not found to be associated with the risk of disease severity. In summary, this study demonstrated that HBG2 rs7482144 polymorphism is linked with HbF levels, but it does not affect disease severity. The sample sizes used and the pattern of association deduced from our small sample size prevents us from extrapolating our findings further.
Aprotinin Inhibits Thrombin Generation by Inhibition of the Intrinsic Pathway, but is not a Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
Authors: Lisman Ton , Adelmeijer Jelle , Huskens Dana , Meijers Joost C. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Aprotinin is a broad-acting serine protease inhibitor that has been clinically used to prevent blood loss during major surgical procedures including cardiac surgery and liver transplantation. The prohemostatic properties of aprotinin likely are related to its antifibrinolytic effects, but other mechanisms including preservation of platelet function have been proposed.
Aim Here we assessed effects of aprotinin on various hemostatic pathways in vitro, and compared effects to tranexamic acid(TXA), which is an antifibrinolytic but not a serine protease inhibitor.
Methods We used plasma-based clot lysis assays, clotting assays in whole blood, plasma, and using purified proteins, and platelet activation assays to which aprotinin or TXA were added in pharmacological concentrations.
Results Aprotinin and TXA dose-dependently inhibited fibrinolysis in plasma. Aprotinin inhibited clot formation and thrombin generation initiated via the intrinsic pathway, but had no effect on reactions initiated by tissue factor. However, in the presence of thrombomodulin, aprotinin enhanced thrombin generation in reactions started by tissue factor. TXA had no effect on coagulation. Aprotinin did not inhibit thrombin, only weakly inhibited the TF-VIIa complex and had no effect on platelet activation and aggregation by various agonists including thrombin. Aprotinin and TXA inhibited plasmin-induced platelet activation.
Conclusion Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of aprotinin inhibit coagulation initiated via the intrinsic pathway. The antifibrinolytic activity of aprotinin likely explains the prohemostatic effects of aprotinin during surgical procedures. The anticoagulant properties may be beneficial during surgical procedures in which pathological activation of the intrinsic pathway, for example by extracorporeal circuits, occurs.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Compression in Patients with Mixed Arterial and Venous Etiology Ulcers in the Leg
Authors: Elhomsy Sophie , Chrusciel Jan , Sanchez Stéphane , Elhomsy Paul , Guillaumat Jérôme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElastic compressions are standard treatment for leg ulcers of venous etiology. The effect of compressions on ulcers of mixed (arterial or venous) etiology, however, has rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) in patients with ulcers of mixed arterial or venous etiology treated with 1 month of compression. This prospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in France. Patient eligibility was for those attending a consultation of a work-up of a leg ulcer of mixed arterial-venous etiology lasting at least 4 to 6 weeks. Compressions were prescribed according to the hemodynamic status and were evaluated by the ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index using a decision-making algorithm based on French national guidelines. Quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form 36-Item (SF-36) questionnaire. In total, 32 patients were included between September 30, 2018 and May 31, 2019. A difference was observed between TcPO2 before compression (49.3 ± 13.01 mm Hg) and after 1 month (51.2 ± 15.05 mm Hg), average change 1.9 ± 2.04 mm Hg (p = 0.025). The average ulcer size prior to compression was 49 ± 102 cm2 versus 37 ± 94 cm2 after 1 month of effective compression, corresponding to a reduction of 12 ± 8 cm2 (p < 0.001). There was a reduction in the bodily pain dimension of the SF-36. Compressions adapted to the hemodynamic status led to an increase in TcPO2, a reduction in wound size, and an improvement to bodily pain in patients with leg ulcers of mixed arterial-venous etiology.
Natural History of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and New Advances in the Epidemiology
Authors: Piltonen Terhi T. , Arffman Riikka K. , Joham Anju E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women, affecting up to 15% of the female population. The natural history of the syndrome is complex, including both androgen exposure in early life and adiposity-driven dysfunction involving also dysregulated, also involving altered hypothalamus–ovarian crosstalk. The manifestations can arise as early as childhood or puberty onward, suggesting that genetic susceptibility is an important etiological factor. In adulthood, women with PCOS present with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health issues at a population-based level. Epidemiological studies on large datasets offer an excellent opportunity to evaluate health effects and costs related to the syndrome. Hospital or insurance-based datasets are also available; however, the results are not representative of the female population in the community. More longitudinal studies spanning from early childhood to late adulthood are needed to assess the long-term health impact and early manifestations of PCOS. Moreover, the identification of women with PCOS from large datasets can be expensive. Self-reported symptoms or PCOS diagnosis may offer a feasible approach.
Polarization purity for active stabilization of diode laser injection lock
Authors: Niederriter R. D. , Marques Van Der Put I. , Hamilton P. 
Published: August 2021

Injection locking of diode lasers is commonly used to amplify low power laser light but is extremely sensitive to perturbations in the laser current and temperature. To counter such perturbations, active stabilization is often applied to the current of the injection locked diode. We observe that the diode laser’s polarization extinction ratio (PER) greatly increases when injection locked, and therefore the PER provides a measure of injection lock quality. We report robust active stabilization of a diode laser injection lock based on the PER, demonstrating the technique at 399 nm wavelength where injection locking is typically less stable than at longer wavelengths. The PER provides a feedback error signal that is compatible with standard proportional integral differential servo controllers, requires no additional optical components beyond the optical isolator typically used in injection locking, and enables a large feedback bandwidth.
Assessing the origins of the European Plagues following the Black Death: A synthesis of genomic, historical, and ecological information
Authors: Bramanti Barbara , Wu Yarong , Yang Ruifu , Cui Yujun , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceOver the last few years, there has been a great deal of scientific debate regarding whether the plague bacterium,Yersinia pestis, spread from a Western European reservoir during the second plague pandemic, or if it repeatedly came to Europe from Asia. Here, we make a synthesis of the available evidence, including genomes of ancient DNA and historical, archeological, and ecological information. We conclude that the bacterium most likely came to Europe from Asia several times during the second plague pandemic.