bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Involvement in The Confirmed Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Putri Rachma Greta Perdana 
Published: June 2021

The current pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019, or known as COVID-19, has been claimed as Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO on 30 January 2020. According to WHO, there 47.362.304 confirmed cases and 1.211.986 deaths reported due to COVID-19 and still counting. This article investigates the involvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 related to the pathogenesis, transmission, and severity of the disease. The data was collected by keyword searching through EBSCO, PubMed, Google scholar, and additional references from retrieved articles. This article analyzes studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms in Covid-19. The studies found gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 confirmed patients such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and melena. Two studies showed that COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms tended to have more severe disease. ACE2, as the receptor of S protein, was found abundantly in intestinal enterocytes besides in the respiratory system. Enterocyte abnormality induces decreased absorption of NA+, water, and mucosal disaccharides. It leads to increased undigested mono and disaccharides, carbohydrates, fats, and protein into the colon. As a result, the colon is unable to absorb sufficient water, leading to diarrhea. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly found in patients with COVID‐19, and the trend is increasing in the later stage of the epidemic. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells and the feces of COVID‐19 patients are potentially infectious. The virus also found in wastewater system and may cause water pollution. Hence, further studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms and possibility of fecal oral transmission should be conducted.
Sexual Behavior and HIV / AIDS Prevention in Male Sexual Men (MSM) in Denpasar City
Authors: Pradnyawati Luh Gede , Ni Made Hegard Sukmawati  
Published: June 2021

HIV / AIDS cases among MSM (male sex men) in Indonesia from year to year have increased significantly. Meanwhile, Bali is a province with many HIV / AIDS cases, where Denpasar is the city with the highest number of MSM. There has never been a report on sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar. Therefore, the researchers wanted to explore the problems of sexual behavior and its prevention in MSM in Denpasar. Purpose: This study aims to obtain a vision of sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM groups in Denpasar City. This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to digging deeper into sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar City. The selection of informants in this study was taken using convenience sampling technique and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 MSM who were productive and communicative in Denpasar. After collecting data in the field, the data will be analyzed thematically. In sexual intercourse behavior, most of the MSM prioritized variations and sensations during sexual intercourse to get sexual satisfaction, such as having group sex, using arousal-enhancing drugs, and violence engaging during sexual intercourse. Some of the informants only had one permanent sexual partner. However, there are still MSM who have more than one sexual partner and receive payment for sexual intercourse. Informants use condoms in sexual intercourse and with the PrEP method to avoid HIV / AIDS. It is necessary to conduct education and counseling on sexual orientation for the community, especially for adolescents looking for identity, educating MSM to reduce high-risk behavior during sexual intercourse.
Keywords: Sexual behavior, MSM, prevention, HIV / AIDS, Denpasar
Seguro de riesgos cibernéticos: enfoque y perspectivas en la nueva normalidad
Authors: Pérez Carretta Hugo Fabián 
Published: June 2021

La llegada de la cuarta revolución industrial, el constante desarrollo de las tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) y el contexto de pandemia, han transformado drásticamente la vida digital, generando una nueva categoría de riesgo: el cibernético. Las ciberamenazas, -intromisión de terceros, daño en sistemas informáticos, filtración de información, robo y pérdida de datos, ciberextorsión y fraudes- acompañadas de tecnologías disruptivas, exigen una herramienta que contribuya a mesurar tales contingencias: un seguro cibernético, como mecanismo de respuesta indispensable. Este tipo de seguro abarca los elementos esenciales de los seguros tradicionales y también otros que lo distinguen y que en este trabajo se indagan en distintas fuentes con el propósito de reflexionar sobre sus significaciones, alcances, limitaciones y aplicabilidad. Conjuntamente, se analizan las coberturas disponibles para empresas y se cuestiona la factibilidad de su implementación en el ámbito de la Seguridad Nacional. Asimismo, se estudian la criptomoneda, la Justicia electrónica y la Inteligencia Artificial como riesgos asegurables, enfatizando en esta última.
The Sounds of Silence: A Framework, Theory, and Empirical Evidence of Audit Team Voice
Authors: Clor-Proell Shana M. , Kadous Kathryn , Proell Chad A. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Lower-level auditors are likely to encounter client information that may reflect important audit issues. The audit team cannot address these issues unless they are communicated upward. However, research indicates that lower-level auditors sometimes withhold issues, threatening audit effectiveness. We use a multi-method grounded theory approach to expand our understanding of the factors associated with auditors' decision to speak up about potential audit issues. We use an experiential questionnaire to draw out participants' real-life experiences with the decision to speak up or remain silent in the field (i.e., the “voice” decision). We summarize this work in a framework of audit voice determinants and a theoretical model of audit voice. We then use the determinants framework and the developed theory to conduct an experiment as an exemplar for how our work can be useful in generating future research.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Effect of Advice Valence on the Perceived Credibility of Data Analytics
Authors: Chen Clara Xiaoling , Hudgins Ryan , Wright William F. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We use an experiment to examine how advice valence (i.e., whether the advice suggests good news or bad news) affects the perceived source credibility of data analytics compared to human experts as a result of motivated reasoning. We predict that individuals will perceive data analytics as less credible than human experts, but only when the advice suggests bad news. Using a forecasting task in which individuals are seeking advice from either a human expert or data analytics, we find evidence consistent with our prediction. Furthermore, we find that this effect is mediated by the perceived competence of the advice source. We contribute to the nascent accounting literature on data analytics by providing evidence on a potential impediment to successfully transitioning to the use of analytics for decision-making in organizations.
Presence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes of Long Duration: The FinnDiane 50 Years of Diabetes Study
Authors: Harjutsalo Valma , Barlovic Drazenka Pongrac , Gordin Daniel , Forsblom Carol , King George , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality as well as their risk factors in type 1 diabetes (T1D) of &gt;50 years’ duration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From 5,396 individuals included in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), 729 diagnosed in 1967 or earlier survived with T1D for &gt;50 years. In this FinnDiane 50-year cohort, cumulative incidence of CVD events was assessed from the diagnosis of diabetes, and the excess CVD risk, compared with 12,710 matched individuals without diabetes. In addition, risk factors for different types of CVD (both nonfatal and fatal) and mortality were analyzed, and cause-specific hazard ratios were estimated during a median follow-up of 16.6 years from the baseline visit (median duration of diabetes 39 years at baseline).

RESULTS
In individuals with diabetes duration of &gt;50 years, the 60-year cumulative incidence of CVD from the diagnosis of diabetes was 64.3% (95% CI 62.5–66.0). Compared with individuals without diabetes, the standardized incidence ratio for CVD was 7.4 (6.5–8.3); in those with normoalbuminuria, it was 4.9 (4.0–5.9). Mean HbA1c and HbA1c variability, dyslipidemia, BMI, kidney disease, age, and diabetes duration were the variables associated with incident CVD. In particular, HbA1c was associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The standardized mortality ratio compared with the Finnish background population was 3.2 (2.8–3.7). The factors associated with mortality were diabetes duration, increased HbA1c variability, inflammation, insulin resistance, kidney disease, and PAD.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with T1D of very long duration are at a high risk of CVD. In addition, throughout the lifespan, optimal glycemic control remains central to CVD and excess mortality prevention.
Large-Scale Buildings of the Resort Establishments of the Soviet Period and their Present State in Jūrmala City, Latvia
Authors: Vērpe Baiba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a summary of large-scale buildings of resort establishments of Soviet period in Jūrmala, by analysing their typology, physical parameters, scenarios of the development, architectural stylistic and the present state of physical condition and authentic substance. The research reveals that half of the large-scale resort buildings are already irreversibly lost and the rest of buildings are seriously endangered due to the tendency of extensive rebuilding.
Tourist Accommodation Establishments during the Pandemic – Consequences and Aid Report on a Survey among Polish Micro-enterprises Offering Accommodation Services
Authors: Dębski Maciej , Borkowska-Niszczota Małgorzata , Andrzejczyk Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective: The key objective of the article was to seek the answer to the question how the limitations of the first COVID-19-related lockdown affected small businesses offering accommodation services and how the businesses fared during the unlocking period. The side objective of the paper was to identify the actions undertaken in said businesses aimed at providing safety for the guests as well as to show the expectations such businesses had when it came to government aid.

Methodology: In order to meet the objectives and to verify the working hypothesis, empirical research using the diagnostic survey method was conducted at the end of 2020. The article provides the results of the pilot survey carried out on a selected group of microbusinesses providing accommodation services. The link to the questionnaire was sent to 1000 entities, of which 47 completed it correctly.

Findings: The tourist industry is among those affected most by the COVID-10 pandemic. The research revealed that during the first lockdown, the closure of accommodation businesses had a relatively strong impact on the subjects of the research. The situation remained similar during the first months of lifting of the restrictions. The summer brought a slight recovery albeit not as big as was expected. Nevertheless, strong premises were found which supported the hypothesis saying that such subjects – due to their size-dependent nature – fared relatively well in all three sub-periods. For the most part, such entities re-started their operations in spring. In many of them, the level of employment remained unchanged despite the significant drop in their incomes – mainly resulting from a lower number of foreign visitors and - to a lesser extent – from lower prices. The struggle for customers forced the subjects to introduce various solutions aimed at providing safety, which proved a considerable financial and organisational burden.

Value added: The research is one of the first attempts in Poland to measure the impact of lockdown on the functioning of accommodation businesses and one of the few focusing on microbusinesses. The findings show to what extent the lockdown affected the operations of the entities in question, how the lifting of restrictions changed the situation in the summer, and what actions were taken to minimize the risk of infection.

Recommendations: The findings show that the analysed entities are able to function in sanitary regime and that they support solutions which will allow them to offer their services in as safe a way as possible. On the other hand, they expect strong support from the state including subsidies or exemptions. It is to be expected that the need for this form of aid will grow even stronger after further lockdowns.
Wintering waterbird assemblage in an emerging wetland of West Bengal, India: characterization for conservation management
Authors: Chakraborty Anupam , Barman Himangshu , Saha Goutam K. , Aditya Gautam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Waterbirds constitute a prominent biota and reflect the ecosystem health and functionality of the freshwater wetlands. Documentation of the bird species assemblages of wetlands is therefore carried out as a part of monitoring of wetlands from a sustainability viewpoint. Using the emerging wetland of Purbasthali, West Bengal, India, as a model study area, the diversity of the associated bird species was estimated to supplement necessary information for conservation management of birds and ecosystems. The point count method was applied to count the waterbirds from each sighting location with a 25 m radius covering 360° arc and the counting period lasted 10 min for each site, and counts were made in the winter of 2016/2017. The data on the waterbirds encountered were recorded and subjected to diversity analysis, including the residential status, global population trend and feeding guilds. Apparently, the wetland was considered as suitable habitat for 27 waterbird species, which could be grouped under 24 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. Among these, the family Anatidae with maximum relative density and abundance dominated in the wetland. Out of the 27 recorded species, 5 species were widespread winter visitors, 3 species widespread resident, as well as, widespread winter visitors and 2 species were sparse local winter visitors. A globally near threatened species, the Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) was very common in the sampling sites. The waterbird assemblage in the wetland was dominated by carnivores followed by omnivores and herbivores. The abundance of the waterbirds with considerable variations in the foraging guild reflects availability and exploitation of multiple resources of the Purbasthali wetlands. Prominence in the differences in relative abundance of the different waterbirds could be linked with the heterogeneity in the habitat quality. The present information on waterbird assemblage calls for appropriate measures for conservation of the species and appropriate management of Purbasthali wetlands.
Breeding biology of the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.) in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Bende Attila , László Richárd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on 356 observations of Woodcock nestings published in the Hungarian hunting and ornithological literature between 1846 and 2019, which also includes published and unpublished personal observations, it can be stated that the nesting dates of Woodcock in Hungary are scattered over a large interval. 47.3% of all nestings registered with exact dates (n=93) happen in April. The second peak of breeding in June does not stand out significantly. Based on the data of the clutches (n=65) reported with known number of eggs, as well as the clutches (n=14) – probably with full number of eggs – found in the Hungarian egg collections, the average number of eggs per clutch was 3.8. Based on the observational data of the Woodcock families (n=36) observed during the study period, the number of chicks per hen was 3.6, of which the hens were able to raise an average of 2.8 chicks up to a flying age.
The effect of Natura 2000 network on the Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Southeast Bulgaria: implications for conservation
Authors: Milchev Boyan , Georgiev Valeri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness and efficiency of the Natura 2000 network for the Eurasian Eagle-owl conservation in SE Bulgaria was assessed by comparing data collected during a long-term study on number of breeding pairs and fledglings before and after network establishment. The Natura 2000 network and non-protected areas showed similar values of the calculated indices according to the number of occupied localities. However, the pairs in Natura 2000 sites bred significantly less fledglings after the creation of the network than the pairs in non-protected ones. The Special Protection Areas (SPA) system created specifically for the preservation of birds has the lowest efficiency in respect to Eurasian Eagle-owl protection. Proposals were made after ‘gap analysis’ for real protection and optimization of the protected-area network to increase the stability of the Eurasian Eagle-owl population in the changing environment.
A Priori Spatial Segmentation of Commercial Property Market using Hedonic Price Modelling
Authors: Usman Hamza , Lizam Mohd , Burhan Burhaida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The improvement of property price modelling accuracy using property market segmentation approaches is well documented in the housing market. However, that cannot be said of the commercial property market which is adjudged to be volatile, heterogeneous and thinly traded. This study, therefore, determines if the commercial property market in Malaysia is spatially segmented into submarkets and whether accounting for the submarkets improves the accuracy of price modelling. Using a 11,460 shop-offices transaction dataset, the commercial property submarkets are delineated by using submarket binary dummies in the market-wide model and estimating a separate hedonic model for each submarket. The former method improves the model fit and reduces error by 5.6% and 6.5% respectively. The commercial property submarkets are better delineated by estimating a separate hedonic model for each submarket as it improves the model fit by about 7% and reduces models’ error by more than 10%. This study concludes that the Malaysian commercial property market is spatially segmented into submarkets. Modelling the submarkets improves the accuracy and correctness of price modelling.
Identifying the Main Determinants of Part-Time Employment in EU Countries
Authors: Miežienė Rasa , Krutulienė Sandra , Gruževskis Boguslavas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article analyses the prevalence of part-time employment in different EU countries with a focus on the factors affecting the rate of part-time employment across the EU. Based on the literature review, a distinction is made between three groups of factors that are relevant for the rate of part-time employment, in particular, cyclical factors, political and institutional factors, and structural factors. The article analyses how these factors influence part-time employment rates in EU countries. The linear regression analysis based on EU-28 macroeconomic data for the period of 2007-2018 has shown that all three groups of determinants (i.e. cyclical, political and institutional as well as structural factors) affect the rate of part-time employment in the EU-28. Part-time employment is a complex phenomenon which depends on a number of factors. However, the regression analysis has found that the following political and institutional as well as structural independent variables are also significant predictors of part-time employment rates in EU Member States (EU-28): average annual wages, the tax rate on low wage earners, expenditures on children and family benefits as a percentage of gross domestic product, trade union density, and the activity rate of people aged 15-24 and 55-64. Cyclical factors (the unemployment rate in Model (1) and real GDP per capita in Model (2)) have also been found to have a significant effect on part-time employment in EU-28 countries.
The Occurrence of the Preconditions for Social Exclusion in the Czech Republic: A Basis for the Planning of Social Prevention Services
Authors: Kovářová Eva , Vavrek Roman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Persisting social exclusion is one of the key issues the European Union Member States have to handle according to the headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy. In the Czech Republic, more than 1 million people – 12.5% of the whole population – lived in the year 2019 at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Between the years 2010 and 2019, the monetary poverty rate oscillated around 10%. Although these are one of the lowest rates among the EU Member States, reduction and elimination of social exclusion has still been a challenge for the Czech policy-makers due to the relatively constant rates of monetary poverty, as low incomes are generally recognized as one of the causes of social exclusion. The aim of the paper is to identify the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion in the Czech districts revealed in the inter-district comparison that is based on the multi-criterial evaluation of the socio-economic situation in these districts. Such evaluation can serve as a basis for the planning of social prevention services, which are regarded as the means of prevention and reduction of social exclusion. Our findings obtained with the use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making technique reveal that the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion varies among LAU1 districts of the Czech Republic and that districts lying in two NUT3 regions are affected more than others. Individuals living there are more likely to be socially excluded, especially if this higher probability derived from the districts’ socio-economic situation is accompanied with their individual poor skills, health, or family breakdown.
Effect of Low-Density Polyethylene on the Stripping Properties under Fatigue Loading of Binder Layer of HMA Mixtures
Authors: Kareem Ibraheem Tarik , A.M.AL- Taei Abdulkhalik 
Published: June 2021

The most important problems in the Iraqi Road network that’s associated with repetitions of excessive axel traffic loading. This problem will be increased with availability of moisture, its guide to moisture damage or stripping in hot mix asphalt. In this study, it is used the low-density polyethylene polymer (LDPE). It's cheap, and available as local material (particles) in Baghdad Plastic Factories or bags of soft plastic waste, therefore; it's based by searching about the active range of developing asphalt upon moisture damage, and searching about admixture optimum polymer ratio to be added to asphalt to increase stripping resistance. The local materials were used as AL-Daurah Refinery asphalt that have penetration (40-50) or, (PG64-16) and nominal aggregate (19) mm from AL-Nibaie Quarry that’s used in binder asphalt pavement. Prepared five percentage of polymer (1%,2%,3%,4%,5%) was added to optimum designed asphalt of (4.8%) by weight and then results were compared with original asphalt and studying the mechanical, and physical properties of asphalt mix. The better polymer percentage found as (3%) for developing the specification of resistance stripping and this characteristic developed to ratio (33.1%) at temperature (25 ), and (26.7%) at (60 ).