bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Doing being collegial”
Authors: Reddington Elizabeth , Clemente Ignasi , Waring Hansun Zhang , Yu Di 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter applies conversation analysis to investigate questioning and responding practices in the understudied context of post-presentation question-and-answer (Q&A) sessions. Participants include speakers who represent a U.S. philanthropic foundation and audiences interested in health issues. Examining a corpus of question-answer sequences from four video-recorded Q&A sessions, we find that participants routinely use their multi-unit questioning and responding turns to minimize asymmetry, positioning themselves and their interlocutors as peers with shared concerns. By documenting how presenters and audience members “do collegiality” through questioning and responding practices, the study contributes to research on question-answer sequences in institutional settings, revealing a complex interactional context in which participants work to blur the line between “expert” and “layperson” identities.
Question–answer sequences in Japanese first encounters
Authors: Shigemitsu Yuka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to examine the relationship between information-eliciting questions and their corresponding answers that occur in first encounters between male interlocutors in a Japanese semi-formal academic context. This topic acquires a special significance in the context of Japanese culture, where asking questions is regarded as dispreferred verbal behavior. Five types of constraints on initiating question-based conversations in a Japanese social-cultural context have been identified: (i) questions may compel the recipient to speak; (ii) questions may invade the recipient’s personal territory; (iii) questions may reveal conflict between interlocutors; (iv) questions may interrupt someone’s ongoing talk; and (v) questions may reveal the respondent’s inability to answer. The analysis points to a paradox regarding the discursive behaviour of Japanese males: they show a desire to get acquainted with each other, while at the same time they are reluctant to ask questions which might cause uncomfortable feelings.
Tourism Development in the Trentino
Authors: Ward-Perkins David , Connolly Gaëlle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The case study shows the transformation of Trento and its region into a successful tourist destination (from 100,000 overnight stays in 1989 to 1 million in 2015). The economic development was enabled by a progressive strengthening of the bonds between the city and its surrounding territory, the development of a diverse and complementary offering of experiences and business tourism as an important component in the development of the destination. The case study details the development and implementation of the strategy by the destination and its various partners and look at the array of game changers policies and investment undertaken since the 1990s as well as the winning marketing strategies deployed.

Information
TEAM Tourism Consulting, adapted from cases prepared for STRELKA KB (2020) and Scottish Enterprise (2016).
© CAB International 2020
Slave Trade Heritage in Ghana
Authors: Ward-Perkins David , Mou Jessica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The recent movements in the United States in favour of African-American rights have highlighted many issues, including a tragic aspect of the slave trade: that millions were robbed not only of their freedom in being transported to another continent but also of their heritage, including their language, their memories and their cultural traditions.

Information
TEAM Tourism Consulting
© CAB International 2020
Women’s Empowerment in an Indian Trekking Company
Authors: Martínez Caparrós Belén 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Ladakhi Women’s Trekking Company (LWTC) is a tourism operator based in Leh, India, owned and operated by Ladakhi women. Local guide Thinlas Chorol founded the LWTC in 2009 to give women in Ladakh the opportunity to participate in the traditionally male-dominated areas of trekking and mountain climbing. The treks are completely organized by these women who act as guides, porters and cooks as well as customer service, demonstrating that women can fulfil the roles that are normally reserved for men. By working as trekking guides, these women are challenging gender stereotypes in Ladakh, where a woman is expected to be submissive and conform to a traditional Ladakhi notion of obedience and discipline.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 6 Trekking to Women’s Empowerment: A Case Study of a Female-Operated Travel Company in Ladakh’. In: Cole S. (eds)
Gender Equality and Tourism: Beyond Empowerment
. CABI, pp. 57-66.

© CAB International 2018
Ecotourism on the Navua River, Fiji
Authors: Bricker Kelly S. , Kerstetter Deborah L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Approximately 57% of Fiji’s population are indigenous Fijian, the majority of them living in rural areas, dependent on farming for subsistence and livelihood, working on land that is held under customary law, where environmental considerations are given importance both by tradition and through government legislation.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 2 Ecotourism and environmental management: a case study of a partnership for conservation in Fiji’. In: Modica P. and Uysal, M. (eds)
Sustainable Island Tourism
. CABI, pp. 19-34.

© CAB International 2016
Long-distance Trails Networks: The Brazilian Model
Authors: Menezes Pedro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Brazilian Network of Long-distance Trails is inspired by the North American and European national trail systems. The officially recognized programme acts as a recreational resource but also as a conservation tool, the trails serving as landscape connectors, linking otherwise isolated areas that are protected or of conservation importance. Each national trail is composed of a succession of regional trails, in which the endpoint of one aligns with the trailhead of the next. Over the next 20 years, Brazil intends to implement five national trails, divided into some 30 different regional long-distance trails, making up around 30,000 km of hiking trails in a network of landscape connectors that will be used for recreation, provide ecological services, such as wildlife corridors, as well as creating jobs.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 4: Trends’. In: Ward-Perkins, D., Beckman, C. and Ellis, J.
Tourism Routes and Trails: Theory and Practice
. CABI, pp. 49–68.

© CAB International 2020
Managing Tourism Expansion in the Soča Valley (Slovenia)
Authors: Connolly Gaëlle , Carter Roger , Ward-Perkins David , Humar Janko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Soča Valley is the fastest-growing destination in Slovenia, with an international reputation that has been rising over the last 10 years. This is largely due to a growing demand Europe-wide for active outdoor tourism, but also to quality product development at the local level, backed by well-coordinated marketing and distribution.
© World Bank 2021

Information
Dr Roger Carter and Gaëlle Connolly, adapted from case study prepared for a Handbook on Destination Management for the World Bank (publication due in 2021)
© World Bank, used with permission, with additional material provided by Janko Humar, Roger Carter, Gaëlle Connolly and David Ward-Perkins, used with permission.
Exploring the Case: Tourism development in the Trentino
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This case illustrates how thinking about the development of a destination has evolved over the last 30 years.
In many parts of the world, even in developed economies, strategies are often stuck in the mindset of previous decades. It is therefore useful to see how tourism thinking has changed in the Trentino; then to ask how it will change again following the Covid-19 crisis.
Exploring the Case: How the Singapore Tourism Board Confronted the 2002–2003 SARS Crisis
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Following the outbreak and containment of the SARS virus in South-east Asia between 2002 and 2004, parts of the world that were not affected quickly forgot how serious the outbreak could have been. The countries affected, including Singapore and South Korea, did remember, and it is no accident that they reacted the fastest and were most effective in containing the first wave of SARS-CoV-2, more commonly known as Covid-19 or the Coronavirus.
The important role of the tourism authorities in combatting the spread of the disease has also been largely forgotten. This case study tells that story, with a focus on Singapore.
Ample documentation is available on the reactions of tourism authorities and the tourism industry to the Covid-19 crisis. Students of tourism will find it interesting to compare these with the earlier success story of Singapore and SARS-CoV-1.
Exploring the Case: Ecotourism on the Navua River, Fiji
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Wherever economic interests are at play in natural areas, indigenous communities may find themselves at a disadvantage, struggling to maintain the balance they have historically enjoyed with their environment. This case describes how some communities of inland Viti Levu (Fiji), initially dependent on their relations with logging and gravel-extraction businesses, find a stronger, more independent voice.
Tourism in the upper Navua River could simply have been an additional layer, unrelated to the concerns of the people of the Viti Levu highlands. However, the founders of Rivers Fiji Ltd. wanted to use their activity to bring some real benefit to the community, rather than exploit it. Through lobbying, persistence and the support of some influential allies, they helped effect some real changes. These actions have had the effect of handing greater control to the local communities and also, through the creation of a Conservation Area, bringing greater resilience to the natural environment of the Upper Navua River.
Materials for the Study of the Locus Operandi in the Search for Missing Persons in Italy
Authors: Barone Pier Matteo , Di Maggio Rosa Maria , Mesturini Silvia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Geographic profiling, or locus operandi, is a scientific approach that has been applied to forensic investigations for several years. However, it has never been applied to a phenomenon as complex as the search for missing persons. This article presents three Italian case studies in which geographic profiling was used to narrow the areas to search for missing persons. The geographical data were mapped and processed on a geographic information system platform using computational geometry analysis. However, these disappearances occurred during the Italian lockdown period, imposed to address the COVID-19 outbreak, which made the searches slower and more complex than usual.
Predictive risk estimation for the expectation maximization algorithm with Poisson data
Authors: Massa Paolo , Benvenuto Federico 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we introduce a novel estimator of the predictive risk with Poisson data, when the loss function is the Kullback–Leibler divergence, in order to define a regularization parameter’s choice rule for the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. To this aim, we prove a Poisson counterpart of the Stein’s Lemma for Gaussian variables, and from this result we derive the proposed estimator showing its analogies with the well-known Stein’s unbiased risk estimator valid for a quadratic loss. We prove that the proposed estimator is asymptotically unbiased with increasing number of measured counts, under certain mild conditions on the regularization method. We show that these conditions are satisfied by the EM algorithm under the hypothesis that the underlying matrix has positive entries and then we apply this estimator to select the EM optimal reconstruction. We present some numerical tests in the case of image deconvolution, comparing the performances of the proposed estimator with other methods available in the literature, both in the inverse crime and non-inverse crime setting.
A collision impact based energy harvester using piezoelectric polyline beams with electret coupling
Authors: Pan Jianan , Qin Weiyang , Yang Yongfeng , Yang Yaowen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a hybrid energy harvester is proposed to broaden the working bandwidth of vibration energy harvesting. This design consists of two piezoelectric polyline beams standing with a gap distance, of which one is bonded with a piezoelectric patch and covered by an electret layer, while an electrode covers the other. The two polyline beams are coupled through the electret and electrode effect, which is beneficial for extending the working bandwidth. The motion with which the two beams bump into each other could extend the harvester’s working bandwidth in the low-frequency area. If replacing the second beam with an inverted beam, the working bandwidth will also be extended. To understand the underlying mechanisms and compare their performance, corresponding theoretical and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the proposed harvester consists of two polyline beams that possess broader bandwidth with the coupling and collision impact design. Parameter analysis of the tip mass position on the auxiliary beam is conducted. The proposed hybrid energy harvester excited by stochastic excitation could generate an output power of 69.1 µW under an excitation level of 0.0041g2 Hz−1 with an active surface area of 280 mm2.
Effect of Co2+ substitution on the structural, terahertz and magnetic characterization of NiZn ferrites
Authors: Arya Meenakshi , Gandhi Mayuri N , Prabhu S S , Achanta Venu Gopal , Duttagupta Siddhartha P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present detailed studies on spinel structured Ni0.5Co
x
Zn0.5−x
Fe2O4 (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), synthesized by sol–gel combustion method. In addition to the structural properties, we present optical dielectric and magnetic response of this system as a function of x. From x-ray diffraction analysis, a single-phase formation in cubic spinel structure was confirmed with an average crystallite size (D
avg) variation of 46–61 nm. X-ray diffractograms were analyzed to evaluate the lattice constant (a), x-ray density (ρ
x) and porosity (P) in percentage. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to delimit the compositional mass ratios. Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy measurements were performed to investigate the refractive index (

n
ˆ

s

) of the samples at room temperature in a frequency range from 0.2 to 2.5 THz. Real and imaginary components of complex optical dielectric constant (

ε
ˆ

s

) with the increase of Co2+ content were deduced using THz spectroscopy data. The complex optical dielectric constant for the substitution of Co2+ content at x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, was determined within 5% error ∼9.6 + i0.07, ∼10.9 + i0.2 and ∼11.7 + i0.5, respectively. The magnetic measurements were performed at a temperature range of 300–50 K using a superconducting quantum interference device vibrating sample magnetometer under an applied magnetic field of ±5 tesla. We found the highest saturation magnetization (M
s) of about 86.7 emu g−1, 83.5 emu g−1 and 80.4 emu g−1 for the substitution of Co2+ content at x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively at room temperature.
Weak localization and electron-phonon interaction in layered Zintl phase SrIn2P2 single crystal
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhu Xiangde , Chen Zheng , Lu Fangjun , Li Huijie , Han Yuyan , Li Liang , Gao Wenshuai , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, the Zintl phase SrIn2P2 single crystal was proposed to be a topological insulator candidate under lattice strain. Here, we report systematic electrical transport studies on the unstrained layered SrIn2P2 single crystals. The resistance presents a minimum value around T
c = 136 K and then increases remarkably at low temperature. Distinct negative magnetoresistance below T
c, combined with the anomalous resistance, implies the carriers are weak localized at low temperature due to strong quantum coherence. Further analysis based on three-dimensional weak localization (WL) model suggests that the electron-phonon interaction dominates the phase decoherence process. Moreover, Hall measurements indicate that the transport properties are mainly dominated by hole-type carriers, and the WL effect is obviously affected by the carrier transport. These findings not only provide us a promising platform for the fundamental physical research but also open up a new route for exploring the potential electronic applications.
Nanoimprinting metal-containing nanoparticle-doped gratings to enhance the polarization of light-emitting chips by induced scattering
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Lai Dengshui , Fan Yu , Tian Hongmiao , Li Xiangming , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polarized radiative luminous semiconductor chips have huge application potential in many highly value-added fields. The integration of a subwavelength grating is recognized to be the most promising method for the development of polarized chips, but still faces the challenge of low polarized radiative performance. This paper describes a proposal for, and the development of, a scattering-induced enhanced-polarization light-emitting diode chip by directly nanoimprinting a metal-containing nanoparticle-doped grating onto the top surface of a common flip chip. The rate at which quantum-well light emission is used by the developed polarized chip is improved by more than 30%. More attractively, the doped scattering nanoparticles function as a scattering-induced polarization state converter that is sandwiched in between the top aluminum grating and the bottom silver reflector of the chips. The originally non-radiated light, with an electric-field vector parallel to the grating lines, is reflected back and forth inside the sandwich until it changes to the perpendicular vibration mode and is radiated outside the chip. Therefore, the polarization extinction ratio is greatly improved, compared to undoped samples.
Determination of the angular velocity of a simple propeller with a smartphone proximity sensor
Authors: Kapucu Serkan , Şimşek Mertkan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the angular velocity of a simple propeller with a smartphone proximity sensor. The results show that the smartphone proximity sensor can be a useful tool to determine angular velocity in uniform circular motion. Teachers and students are advised to perform the funny and easy physics experiment described in this study.
Studies on the implosion of pinches with tailored density profiles
Authors: Oreshkin V I , Baksht R B , Cherdizov R K , Oreshkin E V , Ratakhin N A , Rousskikh A G , Shishlov A V , Vankevich V A , Zhigalin A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of imploding metal-puff Z-pinches. The experiments were carried out on the MIG high-current pulse generator at a current level of about 2 MA and a current rise time of about 100 ns. A plasma gun was used to produce a plasma column with a tailored density profile through which the main electromagnetic pulse of the MIG generator was passed. The experiments have shown that pinches of this type, being compressed, are resistant to dynamic magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor (MRT) instabilities. The experimental results were analyzed using one-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations. It has been shown that in a pinch with a tailored density profile, the formation of a high-temperature plasma at the pinch axis and the generation of x-rays occur at the stagnation stage, i.e. under conditions close to Bennett equilibrium. At this stage, flute-like MRT instabilities develop, causing the pinch to decay.
The effect of input noises on the activity of auditory neurons using GLM-based metrics
*
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Rodriguez Gerardo , Guo Hongsun , Lim Hubert H , Plourde Éric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. The auditory system is extremely efficient in extracting auditory information in the presence of background noise. However, people with auditory implants have a hard time understanding speech in noisy conditions. The neural mechanisms related to the processing of background noise, especially in the inferior colliculus (IC) where the auditory midbrain implant is located, are still not well understood. Understanding the mechanisms of perception in noise could lead to better stimulation or preprocessing strategies for such implants. We thus wish to investigate if there is a difference in the activity of neurons in the IC when presenting noisy vocalizations with different types of noise (stationary vs. non-stationary), input signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and signal levels. Approach. We developed novel metrics based on a generalized linear model (GLM) to investigate the effect of a given input noise on neural activity. We used these metrics to analyze neural data recorded from the IC in ketamine-anesthetized female Hartley guinea pigs while presenting noisy vocalizations. Main results. We found that non-stationary noise clearly contributes to the multi-unit neural activity in the IC by causing excitation, regardless of the SNR, input level or vocalization type. However, when presenting white or natural stationary noises, a great diversity of responses was observed for the different conditions, where the multi-unit activity of some sites was affected by the presence of noise and the activity of others was not. Significance. The GLM-based metrics allowed the identification of a clear distinction between the effect of white or natural stationary noises and that of non-stationary noise on the multi-unit activity in the IC. This had not been observed before and indicates that the so-called noise invariance in the IC is dependent on the input noisy conditions. This could suggest different preprocessing or stimulation approaches for auditory midbrain implants depending on the noisy conditions.
On the geometrical representation of classical statistical mechanics
Authors: Boulougouris Georgios C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a geometrical representation of equilibrium and near equilibrium classical statistical mechanics is proposed. Within this formalism the equilibrium thermodynamic states are mapped on Euclidian vectors on a manifold of spherical symmetry. This manifold of equilibrium states can be considered as a Gauss map of the parametric representation of Gibbs classical statistical mechanics at equilibrium. Most importantly, within the proposed representation, out of equilibrium thermodynamic states, can be described by a triplet consisting of an ‘infinitesimal volume’ of the points on our manifold, a Euclidian vector that points on the equilibrium manifold and a Euclidian vector on the tangent space of the equilibrium manifold. Finally in this work we discuss the relation of the proposed representation to the pioneer work of Ruppeiner and Weinhold at the limit of equilibrium, along with the notion of K–L divergence and its relation to the second law of thermodynamics.