bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incipient Surge Detection in Large Volume Energy Systems Based on Wigner–Ville Distribution Evaluated on Vibration Signals
Authors: Champ Carlo Alberto Niccolini Marmont Du Haut , Silvestri Paolo , Ferrari Mario Luigi , Massardo Aristide Fausto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Compressor response investigation in nearly unstable operating conditions, like rotating stall and incipient surge, is a challenging topic nowadays in the turbomachinery research field. Indeed, turbines connected with large-size volumes are affected by critical issues related to surge prevention, particularly during transient operations. Advanced signal-processing operations conducted on vibrational responses provide an insight into possible diagnostic and predictive solutions which can be derived from accelerometer measurements. Indeed, vibrational investigation is largely employed in rotating-machine diagnostics together with time-frequency analysis such as smoothed pseudo-Wigner Ville (SPWVD) time-frequency distribution (TFD) considered in this paper. It is characterized by excellent time and frequency resolutions and thus it is effectively employed in numerous applications in the condition monitoring of machinery. The aim and the innovation of this work regards SPWVD utilization to study turbomachinery behavior in detail in order to identify incipient surge conditions in the centrifugal compressor starting from operational vibrational responses measured at significant plant locations. The so developed investigation allows us to assess the reliability of this innovative technique with respect to conventional ones in this field of research, highlighting at the same time its qualities and drawbacks in detecting fluid machinery unstable behavior. To this aim, an experimental campaign has been conducted on a T100 microturbine connected with several volume sizes and this has allowed to assess diagnostic technique reliability in plant configurations with different dynamic properties. The results show that SPWVD is able to successfully identify system evolution toward an unstable condition, by recognizing different levels and features of the particular kind of instability that is going to take place within the plant. Instability phenomena regarding rolling bearings have also been identified and their interaction with surge onset has been investigated for diagnostic purposes.
Analysis of the Heat Transfer Within Combustor Liners Using a Combined Monte Carlo and Two-Flux Method
Authors: Johnson Andressa L. , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One consequence of increasing efficiency of gas turbine combustors is higher temperatures within the combustor. Management of larger heat load has been advanced to protect the combustor wall and turbines, and among those are thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Historically, both the flame and TBCs have received a simplified radiation treatment using effective absorptivities and emissivities. In this study, non-gray radiation is compared with gray and black radiation by combining three-dimensional Monte Carlo Ray Tracing solution of non-gray flames in a model gas turbine combustor to one-dimensional energy balance within combustor liners. A recent large eddy simulation of a gas turbine combustor is analyzed, where both gray and non-gray models are exercised. A two-band spectral model is employed for the TBC, where a translucent band and an opaque band are identified. A line-by-line treatment for gas-phase radiation is adopted, and the incident radiative energy on the combustor wall is collected using the MCRT solver, where the fraction of radiative energy within the translucent band is collected and compared with those obtained from the blackbody assumption. The temperature along the multilayered combustor wall is computed, and parametric comparison is conducted. The effects of the nongray flame radiation are more prominent at elevated pressures than at atmospheric pressure. The gray model is found to over-predict the TBC temperature, which leads to a difference of approximately 150 K in the prediction of peak temperature on the hot side of the TBC.
The Effect of Reaction on Compressor Performance
Authors: Chana Krishan S. , Miller Robert J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reaction is the fundamental parameter by which the asymmetry of the velocity triangle of a stage is set. Little is understood about the effect that a reaction has on either the efficiency or the operating range of a compressor. A particular difficulty in understanding the effect of the reaction is that the rotor and stator have a natural asymmetry caused by the centrifugal effects in the rotor boundary layer being much larger than that in the stator boundary layer. In this paper, a novel approach has been taken: McKenzie’s “linear repeating stage” concept is used to remove the centrifugal effects. The centrifugal effects are then reintroduced as a body force. This allows the velocity triangle effect and centrifugal force effect to be decoupled. The paper shows the surprising result that, depending on how the solidity is set, a 50% reaction stage can either result in the maximum, or the minimum, profile loss. When the centrifugal effects are removed, 50% reaction is shown to minimize endwall loss, maximize stage efficiency, and maximize operating range. When the centrifugal effects are reintroduced, the compressor with the maximum design efficiency is found to rise in the reaction by 5% (from 50% reaction to 55% reaction) and the compressor with the maximum operating range is found to rise in the reaction by 15% (from 50% reaction to 65% reaction).
Errors in Measuring Glenohumeral Arthrokinematics With 2-Dimensional Fluoroscopy
Authors: Makhija Meena , Sethi Jasobanta , Kataria Chitra , Singh Harpreet , Ludewig Paula M. , Phadke Vandana 
Published: January 2021

Two-dimensional fluoroscopic imaging allows measurement of small magnitude humeral head translations that are prone to errors due to optical distortion, out-of-plane imaging, repeated manual identification of landmarks, and magnification. This article presents results from in vivo and in vitro fluoroscopy-based experiments that measure the errors and variability in estimating the humeral head translated position in true scapular plane and axillary views. The errors were expressed as bias and accuracy. The variability with repeated digitization was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement. Optical distortion caused underestimation of linear distances. The accuracy was 0.11 and 0.43 mm for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively, for optical distortion. The intrarater reliability was excellent for both views (ICC = .94 and .93), and interrater reliability was excellent (ICC = .95) for true scapular view but moderate (ICC = .74) for axillary views. The standard error of measurement ranged from 0.27 to 0.58 mm. The accuracy for the humeral head position in 10° out of true scapular plane images ranged from 0.80 to 0.87 mm. The current study quantifies the magnitude of error. The results suggest that suitable measures could be incorporated to minimize errors and variability for the measurement of glenohumeral parameters.
Engaging Fathers to Improve Physical Activity and Nutrition in Themselves and in Their Preschool-Aged Children: The “Healthy Youngsters, Healthy Dads” Feasibility Trial
Authors: Morgan Philip J. , Collins Clare E. , Barnes Alyce T. , Pollock Emma R. , Kennedy Stevie-Lee , Drew Ryan J. , Saunders Kristen L. , Grounds Jacqueline A. , Rayward Anna T. , Young Myles D. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Few lifestyle programs for young children have targeted fathers. This study examined the feasibility of a lifestyle intervention for fathers and their preschool-aged children. Method: A total of 24 father/preschool child dyads were recruited from Newcastle, Australia, into a single-arm, feasibility trial (baseline and 3-mo postbaseline assessments). The 9-session program aimed to improve physical activity and dietary habits of fathers and children. A priori feasibility benchmarks targeted recruitment (15 dyads), eligibility rate (>60%), attendance (80%), retention (≥85%), and program acceptability (≥4 out of 5). Acceptability of data collection procedures, research team program/resource management, home-program compliance, and preliminary intervention outcomes were also assessed. Results: Feasibility benchmarks were surpassed for recruitment (24 dyads), eligibility rate (61.5%), attendance (89%), retention (100%), and program acceptability (4.6 out of 5). Data collection procedures were acceptable. Challenges included mothers reporting their own dietary intake rather than their child’s, children moving during body composition measurement, and resetting pedometers. Resource and program management were excellent. Most families met home-program requirements (83%). Preliminary intervention outcomes were encouraging for fathers and children. Conclusion: Program feasibility was demonstrated by excellent recruitment, attendance, acceptability, retention, program administration, and promising preliminary intervention outcomes. A few data collection difficulties were identified. A larger scale efficacy trial is warranted.
A national tree-ring data repository for Canadian forests (CFS-TRenD): structure, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Girardin Martin P. , Guo Xiao Jing , Metsaranta Juha , Gervais David , Campbell Elizabeth , Arsenault André , Isaac-Renton Miriam , Harvey Jill E. , Bhatti Jag , Hogg Edward H. 
Published: January 2021

Understanding the magnitude and cause of variation in tree growth and forest productivity is central to sustainable forest management. Measurements of annual growth rings allow assessments of individual-tree, tree population, and forest ecosystem vulnerabilities to drought stress or other changing forest disturbance regimes (insects, diseases, fire), which can be used to identify areas at greatest risk of forest losses. Given a heightened demand for tree-ring data, we consolidated and synthesized tree-ring studies and datasets gathered over the past 30 years in Canada by scientists with the Canadian Forest Service and research partners. We incorporated these datasets into a data repository that currently contains tree-ring measurements from 40 206 tree samples from 4594 sites and 62 tree species from all Canadian provinces and territories. Through our synthesis, we demonstrate the value of such large ensembles of tree-ring data for identifying patterns in tree growth over large spatial scales by mapping pan-Canadian drought sensitivity. Overall, we found high coherence in the samples analyzed; low coherence was generally limited to data-poor regions and species. Drought sensitivity was widespread across species and regions: 34% of sampled trees displayed a significant positive relationship between annual growth increment and summer soil moisture index. Dependence upon water availability in species Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was more strongly expressed in the warmest regions of the species’ range; for species Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Populus tremuloides Michx., drought sensitivity was stronger in the driest regions. This unprecedented consolidation and synthesis of tree-ring data will enable new research initiatives (e.g., meta-analyses) aimed at improved understanding of the drivers, patterns, and implications of changes in tree growth, as well as facilitating new research collaborations in earth and environmental sciences. Among other things, there is a need for expanding the spatial distribution of sites across Canada’s northern regions, increasing the number of samples collected from older stands and angiosperm species, and integrating datasets from studies that evaluate the effects of silvicultural experiments, including provenance and progeny trials, on tree growth.
Strong decays of the lowest bottomonium hybrid within an extended Born–Oppenheimer framework
Authors: Bruschini R. , González P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analyze the decays of the theoretically predicted lowest bottomonium hybrid H(1P) to open bottom two-meson states. We do it by embedding a quark pair creation model into the Born–Oppenheimer framework which allows for a unified, QCD-motivated description of bottomonium hybrids as well as bottomonium. A new $$^{1}\!P_{1}$$

1

P
1

decay model for H(1P) comes out. The same analysis applied to bottomonium leads naturally to the well-known $$^{3}\!P_{0}$$

3

P
0

decay model. We show that H(1P) and the theoretically predicted bottomonium state $$\varUpsilon (5S)$$

Υ
(
5
S
)

, whose calculated masses are close to each other, have very different widths for such decays. A comparison with data from $$\varUpsilon (10860)$$

Υ
(
10860
)

, an experimental resonance whose mass is similar to that of $$\varUpsilon (5S)$$

Υ
(
5
S
)

and H(1P), is carried out. Neither a $$\varUpsilon (5S)$$

Υ
(
5
S
)

nor a H(1P) assignment can explain the measured decay widths. However, a $$\varUpsilon (5S)$$

Υ
(
5
S
)

–H(1P) mixing may give account of them supporting previous analyses of dipion decays of $$\varUpsilon (10860)$$

Υ
(
10860
)

and suggesting a possible experimental evidence of H(1P).
A Computer Vision-Based Method for Classification of Red Meat Quality After Nitrosamine Appendage
Authors: Arora Monika , Mangipudi Parthasarathi 
Published: January 2021

Nitrosamine is a carcinogenic chemical used as a preservative in red meat whose identification is an ordeal. This paper presents a computer vision-based non-destructive method for identifying quality disparities between preservative treated and untreated (control) red meat. To access the discrepancy in the quality of red meat, both traditional machine learning and deep learning-based methods have been used. Support vector machine (SVM) classifier and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been used to detect the presence of nitrosamine in test samples. The paper also made use of different pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) with transfer learning approach such as ResNet-34, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, VGG-16, VGG-19, AlexNet and MobileNetv2 to examine the presence of nitrosamine in the food samples. While the ANN classifier performed better in comparison to the SVM classifier, the highest testing accuracy and F1-score were obtained using the deep learning model, ResNet-101 with 95.45% and 96.54%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate an improved performance in comparison to the existing methods; indicating the feasibility of the proposed work for food quality control in real-time applications.
No Good Deed Goes Unpunished
Authors: Armstrong Deborah 
Published: January 2021

As we closed out a memorable 2020 and look to the New Year, we might say that not much good has come out of this year. But as a Monty Python fan, I love the ditty from The Life of Brian movie, "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life."
While the pandemic has taken much, it has also provided opportunities to explore new ways of learning, working, and being in community. For me, the pandemic has highlighted a fact I think we have all long suspected: the current journal peer review process is broken-it's unsustainable.
Higher Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) Were Independently Associated with Increased Risks of Hypertension in Patients with T2DM: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Su Weijuan , Chen Guobing , Ma Danyan , Zeng Jinyang , Yan Fangfang , Lin Xiaoyan , Xu Ziqing , Yang Shuyu , Li Zhibin , Liu Changqin 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between OSAS and hypertension and whether polysomnography (PSG) indices were independently associated with hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods. This study recruited 316 T2DM patients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent association of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) with hypertension with adjustment for potential confounders. Results. Among 316 patients, 130 (41.1%) and 204 (64.6%) had hypertension and OSAS, respectively. T2DM patients with hypertension showed significantly increased levels of AHI ((median (interquartile range)): 17.2 (5.7–34.9) vs. 5.7 (2.1–17.3) events/hour,

p

< 0.001), nonrapid eye movement AHI (NREM-AHI) (17.6 (5.5–36.5) vs. 5.2 (2.2–16.6) events/hour,

p

< 0.001), ODI (48.4 (21.9–78.0) vs. 22.6 (10.8–48.1) events/hour,

p

< 0.001), and severities of OSAS and decreased levels of lowest SaO2 ((mean ± standard deviation): 74.0 ± 10.4 vs. 77.3 ± 9.8,

p

= 0.004). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of AHI, NREM-AHI, and ODI were significantly associated with increased risks of hypertension, and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were 1.026 (1.008–1.044,

p

= 0.004), 1.026 (1.009–1.044,

p

= 0.003), and 1.005 (1.001–1.010,

p

= 0.040), respectively. Compared with non-OSAS, severe OSAS was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension with the adjusted OR (95% CI) of 3.626 (1.609–8.172,

p

= 0.002), but associations of rapid eye movement AHI (REM-AHI) and lowest SaO2 with hypertension were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Increased AHI, NREM-AHI, ODI, and severities of OSAS were significantly associated with higher risks of hypertension in T2DM patients. Detection and treatment of OSAS are needed to prevent hypertension in T2DM patients.
PATENCY-2 trial of vonapanitase to promote radiocephalic fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency
Authors: Peden Eric K , Lucas John F , Browne Barry J , Settle Stephen M , Scavo Vincent A , Bleyer Anthony J , Ozaki Charles Keith , Teruya Theodore H , Wilson Samuel E , Mishler Rick E , Ferris Brian L , Hendon Kendra S , Moist Louise , Dixon Bradley S , Wong Marco D , Magill Missy , Lindow Francesca , Gustafson Pamela , Burke Steven K ,   for the PATENCY-2 Investigators
Published: January 2021

Objective: Arteriovenous fistulas created for hemodialysis often fail to become usable and are frequently abandoned. This prospective trial evaluated the efficacy of vonapanitase, a recombinant human elastase, in increasing radiocephalic fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency. Methods: PATENCY-2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients on or approaching the need for hemodialysis undergoing radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation. Of 696 screened, 613 were randomized, and 603 were treated (vonapanitase n = 405, placebo n = 208). The study drug solution was applied topically to the artery and vein for 10 min immediately after fistula creation. The primary endpoints were fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency (fistula survival without abandonment). Other efficacy endpoints included unassisted fistula use for hemodialysis, primary unassisted patency, fistula maturation and unassisted maturation by ultrasound criteria, and fistula procedure rates. Results: The proportions of patients with fistula use for hemodialysis was similar between groups, 70% vonapanitase and 65% placebo, ( p = 0.33). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of 12-month secondary patency were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73–82) for vonapanitase and 76% (95% CI, 70–82) for placebo ( p = 0.93). The proportions with unassisted fistula use for hemodialysis were 46% vonapanitase and 37% placebo ( p = 0.054). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of 12-month primary unassisted patency were 50% (95% CI, 44–55) for vonapanitase and 43% (95% CI, 35–50) for placebo ( p = 0.18). There were no differences in the proportion of patients with fistula maturation or in fistula procedure rates. Adverse events were similar between groups. Vonapanitase was not immunogenic. Conclusions: Vonapanitase treatment did not achieve clinical or statistical significance to meaningfully improve radiocephalic fistula surgical outcomes. Outcome in the placebo group were better than in historical controls. Vonapanitase was well-tolerated and safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02414841 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02414841 )
Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fong Vanessa C. , Gardiner Emily , Iarocci Grace 
Published: January 2021

This study sought to examine and compare conceptualizations and descriptions of family quality of life, from the perspectives of Korean immigrant and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada was conducted. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. Findings highlight how cultural values and differences may translate into different conceptualizations of family quality of life and underscore the need for cross-cultural and diverse perspectives in the study and development of future assessment tools. Lay abstract The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families’ unique needs.
Preface: Developing an Organization Through Work Life Balance-Driven Leave
Authors: Hammer Emily 
Published: January 2021

The Problem Employee leave amidst the Coronavirus pandemic brings about key questions regarding organizational support and development. Current corporate and public policies are written into employee handbooks where they are lauded as supportive economic, social, and sustainable policies for helping people (i.e., workers) achieve humane needs, but are proving to be lacking for truly providing support in the most troubling times. The Solution The field of Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) provide unique perspectives on developmental, performance-enhancing, and supportive structures for organizations to thrive. This Issue examines methods for creating truly supportive policies amidst the fallout of the global pandemic not only supports organizational longevity but demonstrates how valued employees truly are within the organization while meeting the labor demands of the market. The Stakeholders This Special Issue reflects the strong correlation of work-life balance with HRD researchers, administrators and practitioners alike who recognize the value of employee leave and effective policy implementation.