bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARACTERIZAÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA E DO USO DO SOLO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS
Authors: Melo Lorena Medeiros Barros , Calheiros Altanys Silva , Aires Telma Lucia Bezerra Alves 
Published: August 2021

Estudos revelam que, em pouco mais de 50 anos, o Brasil deixou de ser um país majoritariamente rural para abrigar cerca de 80% de seus habitantes nas cidades. A par desse movimento, direcionando-se para cidade de Arapiraca, o trabalho objetiva, sob um viés jurídico, apresentar um cenário da zona rural e mudanças em sua extensão. O desenvolvimento metodológico apoia-se em histórico de banco de dados dos Censos Agropecuários do IBGE, realizados nos anos de 2006 e 2017, assim como dados geográficos e dados referentes a parcelamentos do solo com fins urbanos instalados no município e acervo de leis, imagens e documentos sobre os usos e ocupações no território, disponíveis nos órgãos do município. A partir da interpretação de imagens, mapas e apoio na legislação e literatura brasileira existentes, pôde-se realizar um diagnóstico e análise do uso da terra. Utiliza-se do período de referência correspondente aos anos de 2006 e 2017 e aproxima- se de resultados que, de um lado, evidenciam uma alteração substancial no meio rural, como a redução da área e de unidades de estabelecimentos agropecuários, redução da população rural e redução de áreas ambientais com regime especial de proteção e, de outro lado, identificam a expansão dos perímetros e usos urbanos em desacordo com o Plano Diretor da cidade. Ao final, os resultados do presente estudo relacionam a redução do espaço rural e suas atividades à mudança na legislação urbana sem legítimo planejamento territorial e motivado interesse público.
Meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik melalui workshop
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi 
Published: August 2021

Peserta didik yang berada pada sekolah dasar kelas satu, dua, dan tiga berada pada rentangan usia dini. Pada usia tersebut seluruh aspek perkembangan kecerdasan seperti IQ, EQ, dan SQ tumbuh dan berkembang sangat luar biasa dan melihat segala sesuatu sebagai satu keutuhan (holistik) mampu memahami hubungan antara konsep secara sederhana. Proses pembelajaran masih bergantung kepada objek-objek konkrit dan pengalaman yang dialami secara langsung. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran di SD kelas I-III untuk setiap mata pelajaran dilakukan secara terpisah, misalnya PKn 2 jam pelajaran, IPS 2 jam pelajaran, dan Bahasa Indonesia 2 jam pelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya dilakukan secara murni mata pelajaran yaitu hanya mempelajari standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar yang berhubungan dengan mata pelajaran itu. Sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan anak sebagai suatu keutuhan (holistik), pembelajaran mata pelajaran secara terpisah akan menyebabkan kurang mengembangkan anak untuk berpikir holistik dan membuat kesulitan bagi peserta didik. Apakah dengan workshop dapat meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik?; Apakah dengan workshop dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru dalam membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik? Meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik dilakukan kegiatan workshop; Untuk mengetahui aktivitas guru dalam membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik dilakukan dengan observasi kegiatan guru dalam kegiatan workshop.
Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas v menggunakan model corp horay pada materi keberagaman sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia
Authors: Khairi Khairi 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa serta menganalisis peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi keberagaman sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan PTK dan dilaksanakan dalam 4 kali pertemuan dengan menggunakan kombinasi model CORP HORAY (Contekstual Teaching Learning, Role Playing, Course Review Horay). Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada kelas V SDN 3 Sungai Tiung Banjarbaru dengan total 15 siswa pada semesterrgenap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Hasil0penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan aktivitas guru pada pertemuan I sampai IV secara berurutan memperoleh kriteria baik, sangat baik, sangat baik, dan pertemuan IV mencapai kriteria sangat baik. Untuk aktivitas siswa pada pertemuan I sampai IV perolehan persentase menunjukan 52%, 67% 78% dan 95. Untuk perolehan hasil belajar siswa pada pertemuan I sampai IV mencapai 44%, 59%, 78%, dan 96%. Penelitian ini memuat temuan berupa untuk aktivitas guru penelitian ini terlaksana dengan sangat baik, siswa sangat aktif, serta dapat membuat hasil belajar siswa meningkat dan mencapai ketuntasan secara individu bahkan secara klasikal menggunakan kombinasi model CORP HORAY.
Macht, emancipatie, onmacht
Authors: Ippel Pieter 
Published: August 2021

Power, emancipation, powerlessness. On the history of the suffering of inmates and madmen
This article reflects on the brilliant 1990-book of criminologist Herman Franke on long-term developments in the Dutch prison system from 1800 onward. A pertinent question is whether it is possible and adequate to use the discourse of ‘emancipation’ to catch the historical processes in total institutions. A comparison is made with parallel transformations in the institutional sector of mental health, a social field in which there has been a radical movement claiming better legal protection and more humane living conditions. Surely an improvement has occurred in the actual situation of prisoners and mental patients, but one has to be reluctant (or even sceptical) to frame this in terms of ‘emancipation’.
Gotyckie katedry jako motywacja podróży na podstawie opinii turystów odwiedzających Wrocław, Kraków i Poznań
Authors: Niezgoda Agnieszka , Wyszowska Izabela 
Published: August 2021

Zabytki architektury stanowią ważną grupę walorów turystycznych i mogą wpływać na motywacje turystów do odwiedzenia konkretnych miejsc. Artykuł prezentuje charakterystykę stylu gotyckiego na podstawie jego najwyższego osiągnięcia, jakim jest katedra. Celem opracowania jest sprawdzenie, czy współcześni turyści odnoszą się do budowli katedralnych jako symbolu stylu gotyckiego i czy to odniesienie znajduje odzwierciedlenie w opiniach na portalu TripAdvisor. Można zatem postawić pytanie, czy katedry gotyckie stanowią motywację do odwiedzenia konkretnego miasta. Zastosowano metodę badawczą desk research (analizę danych zastanych). Analizując opinie na temat wybranych zabytków, którymi są polskie katedry gotyckie we Wrocławiu, Krakowie i Poznaniu, można uznać, że u osób, które podzieliły się wrażeniami na portalu TripAdvisor, gotycki charakter obiektu zauważany jest tylko w 6% ocenianych wpisów. Najwięcej odniesień do gotyku znalazło się w opiniach o katedrze we Wrocławiu (12%), następnie o katedrze w Poznaniu (4%), a zaskoczeniem jest fakt, że odniesienie do gotyku nie pojawiło się w żadnej opinii zamieszczonej przez turystów odwiedzających katedrę w Krakowie.
Image Objects
Authors: Gaboury Jacob 
Published: August 2021

How computer graphics transformed the computer from a calculating machine into an interactive medium, as seen through the histories of five technical objects.
Most of us think of computer graphics as a relatively recent invention, enabling the spectacular visual effects and lifelike simulations we see in current films, television shows, and digital games. In fact, computer graphics have been around as long as the modern computer itself, and played a fundamental role in the development of our contemporary culture of computing. In Image Objects, Jacob Gaboury offers a prehistory of computer graphics through an examination of five technical objects—an algorithm, an interface, an object standard, a programming paradigm, and a hardware platform—arguing that computer graphics transformed the computer from a calculating machine into an interactive medium.
Gaboury explores early efforts to produce an algorithmic solution for the calculation of object visibility; considers the history of the computer screen and the random-access memory that first made interactive images possible; examines the standardization of graphical objects through the Utah teapot, the most famous graphical model in the history of the field; reviews the graphical origins of the object-oriented programming paradigm; and, finally, considers the development of the graphics processing unit as the catalyst that enabled an explosion in graphical computing at the end of the twentieth century.
The development of computer graphics, Gaboury argues, signals a change not only in the way we make images but also in the way we mediate our world through the computer—and how we have come to reimagine that world as computational.
Identification of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for exploring novel therapeutic options for glioma
Authors: He Yi , Chen Yihong , Tong Yuxin , Long Wenyong , Liu Qing 
Published: August 2021

Background
Glioma is the most common brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Circular RNA (circRNA) and their associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network play critical roles in the pathogenesis of glioma. However, the alteration of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and its correlation with glioma therapy haven’t been systematically analyzed.

Methods
With GEO, GEPIA2, circBank, CSCD, CircInteractome, mirWalk 2.0, and mirDIP 4.1, we constructed a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in glioma. LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis established a hub mRNA signature to assess the prognosis. GSVA was used to estimate the immune infiltration level. Potential anti-glioma drugs were forecasted using the cMap database and evaluated with GSEA using GEO data.

Results
A ceRNA network of seven circRNAs (hsa_circ_0030788/0034182/0000227/ 0018086/0000229/0036592/0002765), 15 miRNAs(hsa-miR-1200/1205/1248/ 1303/3925-5p/5693/581/586/599/607/640/647/6867-5p/767-3p/935), and 46 mRNAs (including 11 hub genes of ARHGAP11A, DRP2, HNRNPA3, IGFBP5, IP6K2, KLF10, KPNA4, NRP2, PAIP1, RCN1, and SEMA5A) was constructed. Functional enrichment showed they influenced majority of the hallmarks of tumors. Eleven hub genes were proven to be decent prognostic signatures for glioma in both TCGA and CGGA datasets. Forty-six LASSO regression significant genes were closely related to immune infiltration. Finally, five compounds (fulvestrant, tanespimycin, mifepristone, tretinoin, and harman) were predicted as potential treatments for glioma. Among them, mifepristone and tretinoin were proven to inhibit the cell cycle and DNA repair in glioma.

Conclusion
This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and identifies novel therapeutic options for glioma.
Identification of miRNA-target gene regulatory networks in liver fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Tai Yang , Zhao Chong , Gao Jinhang , Lan Tian , Tong Huan 
Published: August 2021

Background
Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate liver fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and the interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs are not clearly elucidated.

Methods
miRNA and mRNA expression arrays of cirrhotic samples and control samples were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs (DEGs), miRNA-mRNA interaction networks, enriched pathways and hub genes. Finally, the results were validated with in vitro cell models.

Results
By bioinformatics analysis, we identified 13 DEMs between cirrhotic samples and control samples. Among these DEMs, six upregulated (hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-224-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-3195, and hsa-miR-4725-3p) and seven downregulated (hsa-miR-1234-3p, hsa-miR-30b-3p, hsa-miR-3162-3p, hsa-miR-548aj-3p, hsa-miR-548x-3p, hsa-miR-548z, and hsa-miR-890) miRNAs were further validated in activated LX2 cells. miRNA-mRNA interaction networks revealed a total of 361 miRNA-mRNA pairs between 13 miRNAs and 245 corresponding target genes. Moreover, PPI network analysis revealed the top 20 hub genes, including COL1A1, FBN1 and TIMP3, which were involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization; CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL12, LCK and CD24, which participated in the immune response; and CDH1, PECAM1, SELL and CAV1, which regulated cell adhesion. Functional enrichment analysis of all DEGs as well as hub genes showed similar results, as ECM-associated pathways, cell surface interaction and adhesion, and immune response were significantly enriched in both analyses.

Conclusions
We identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs as potential biomarkers of liver cirrhosis. Moreover, we identified 361 regulatory pairs of miRNA-mRNA and 20 hub genes in liver cirrhosis, most of which were involved in collagen and ECM components, immune response, and cell adhesion. These results would provide novel mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and identify candidate targets for its treatment.
Rephine.r: a pipeline for correcting gene calls and clusters to improve phage pangenomes and phylogenies
Authors: Shapiro Jason W. , Putonti Catherine 
Published: August 2021

Background
A pangenome is the collection of all genes found in a set of related genomes. For microbes, these genomes are often different strains of the same species, and the pangenome offers a means to compare gene content variation with differences in phenotypes, ecology, and phylogenetic relatedness. Though most frequently applied to bacteria, there is growing interest in adapting pangenome analysis to bacteriophages. However, working with phage genomes presents new challenges. First, most phage families are under-sampled, and homologous genes in related viruses can be difficult to identify. Second, homing endonucleases and intron-like sequences may be present, resulting in fragmented gene calls. Each of these issues can reduce the accuracy of standard pangenome analysis tools.

Methods
We developed an R pipeline called Rephine.r that takes as input the gene clusters produced by an initial pangenomics workflow. Rephine.r then proceeds in two primary steps. First, it identifies three common causes of fragmented gene calls: (1) indels creating early stop codons and new start codons; (2) interruption by a selfish genetic element; and (3) splitting at the ends of the reported genome. Fragmented genes are then fused to create new sequence alignments. In tandem, Rephine.r searches for distant homologs separated into different gene families using Hidden Markov Models. Significant hits are used to merge families into larger clusters. A final round of fragment identification is then run, and results may be used to infer single-copy core genomes and phylogenetic trees.

Results
We applied Rephine.r to three well-studied phage groups: the Tevenvirinae (e.g., T4), the Studiervirinae (e.g., T7), and the Pbunaviruses (e.g., PB1). In each case, Rephine.r recovered additional members of the single-copy core genome and increased the overall bootstrap support of the phylogeny. The Rephine.r pipeline is provided through GitHub (https://www.github.com/coevoeco/Rephine.r) as a single script for automated analysis and with utility functions to assist in building single-copy core genomes and predicting the sources of fragmented genes.
Assessment of Right Ventricular Function by 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Pre and Post the Trans Catheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Saad Saad Abd Elmaseh , Elsetiha Mohamed Elsayed , Hussein Mohamed Naseem , Taha Fatma Aboalsoud 
Published: August 2021

Background: dysfunction is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease. RV adaptation to disease is complex and depends on many factors. 2D Speckle tracking echocardiography is an angle-independent technique that may allow an accurate assessment of segmental myocardial deformation.
Aims: The aim of the work is to assess right ventricular function in patients with congenital left to right shunt (ASD) pre and 3 month post device closure using.
Patients and Methods: 31 patients were enrolled in the study, comparison was held between the group and itself before and 3 month after device closure. ESPAP measurement via TR jet also Tricuspid annular. Global longitudinal Strain of RV free wall and septum were measured by 2D STE.
Results: Volume overload on RV and according to Frank Starling law leads to increased contractility provided that function is preserved, so volume load in ASD cases leads to increased deformation and deformation rate values as evidenced in significant reduction of strain and strain rate values after volume load elimination. Strain and strain rate values gained via 2D speckle tracking echocardiography are load dependent parameter of contractility as evidenced in this study testing RV performance under both pressure and volume load. The value of these parameters of contractility assessment comes from their ability to detect subtle changes in mechanics and deformation that are not easily detected by conventional measures.
Conclusion: Myocardial deformation imaging is a novel echocardiographic tool for evaluation of global and regional myocardial function that can be applied to the RV for assessment of its longitudinal deformation by 2DE. 2D-STE derived strain and strain rate is a good method to exclude the effect of tethering and translational motions. RV responds to volume load by increasing its deformation and deformation rate provided that contractile function is preserved.
Parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes on Their Children’s Distance Education Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greek Preschool Settings
Authors: Karavida Vasiliki , Tympa Eleni 
Published: August 2021

Background: Current research and the bibliography suggest that both synchronous and asynchronous distance education in the early years of education is a new era to explore the teaching of young children.
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of use of online classroom platforms in early years, both in the private and public sector, and to correlate parents' attitudes towards children’s behavioral changes during the pandemic lockdown in Greece.
Methodology: The participants were 216 parents with preschool-aged children (between 2:6 to 4:0 years) in Greek pre-school settings in two cities of North and West Greece. A questionnaire on the use of ICT during the pandemic Covid -19 and its’ outcomes was distributed online to all parents. The parents' perception was generally negative and was not preferred to frontal teaching, while they were not satisfied with the results.
Results: A remarkable percentage of children did not participate in online education due to their parents' attitude on the appropriateness of their age to participate in online education. However, the deterrent attitude of parents was not related to their level of education and willingness to help their children. The parents' perception was generally negative and was not preferred to frontal teaching, while they were not satisfied with the results. As far as the implementation of distance education is concerned, private broadcasters have introduced more synchronous distance education compared to public ones. Finally, there were positive correlations between asynchronous distance learning of 1-3 hours per day and children's irritability, as well as feelings of stress and anxiety and asynchronous distance learning of more than 6 hours per day. The correlation between children's distraction and asynchronous distance learning for 1-3 hours per day was negative.
Conclusion: Further discussions for policy makers and teachers are planned.
Descriptive Pandemic: COVID 19 Outbreak and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Sapru Ishan 
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is the unprecedented medical emergency which needs constant study and in depth monitoring of the ground situation.
Summary: COVID-19 is the once in a century event which has already devastated millions and millions of lives. The containment of the COVID-19 is a great challenge as the extremely high virulent nature and capability of producing lethal clinical outcome is creating hindrance. Preventive measures are supposedly more beneficial than curative treatment therefore they must be promoted.
Conclusion: Preventive measures and its efficacy should be studied and popularize so that more people can adopt them. Also complacency must be addresses which is the reason behind the resurgence of new spurt of cases.
Comparison of treatment plans for hypofractionated high‐dose prostate cancer radiotherapy using the Varian Halcyon and the Elekta Synergy platforms
Authors: Tamihardja Jörg , Razinskas Gary , Exner Florian , Richter Anne , Kessler Patrick , Weick Stefan , Kraft Johannes , Mantel Frederick , Flentje Michael , Polat Bülent 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare radiotherapy plans between an O‐ring and a conventional C‐arm linac for hypofractionated high‐dose prostate radiotherapy in terms of plan quality, dose distribution, and quality assurance in a multi‐vendor environment.MethodsTwenty prostate cancer treatment plans were irradiated on the O‐ring Varian Halcyon linac and were re‐optimized for the C‐arm Elekta Synergy Agility linac. Dose‐volume histogram metrics for target coverage and organ at risk dose, quality assurance, and monitor units were retrospectively compared. Patient‐specific quality assurance with ion chamber measurements, gamma index analysis, and portal dosimetry was performed using the Varian Portal Dosimetry system and the ArcCHECK® phantom (Sun Nuclear Corporation). Prostate‐only radiotherapy was delivered with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in 20 fractions of 2.5/3.0 Gy each.ResultsFor both linacs, target coverage was excellent and plan quality comparable. Homogeneity in PTVBoost was high for Synergy as well as Halcyon with a mean homogeneity index of 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively. Mean dose for the organs at risk rectum and bladder differed not significantly between the linacs but were higher for the femoral heads and penile bulb for Halcyon. Quality assurance showed no significant differences in terms of ArcCHECK gamma pass rates. Median pass rate for 3%/2 mm was 99.3% (96.7 to 99.8%) for Synergy and 99.8% (95.6 to 100%) for Halcyon. Agreement between calculated and measured dose was high with a median deviation of −0.6% (−1.7 to 0.8%) for Synergy and 0.2% (−0.6 to 2.3%) for Halcyon. Monitor units were higher for the Halcyon by approximately 20% (p < 0.001).ConclusionHypofractionated high‐dose prostate cancer SIB VMAT on the Halcyon system is feasible with comparable plan quality in reference to a standard C‐arm Elekta Synergy linac.