bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The streamwise velocity distribution in a two-stage channel with ice cover
Authors: Bai Yu , Sun Guojin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has become increasingly serious. How to determine the ecological drainage ditch system is one of the effective methods to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution. This research study focuses on the velocity distribution in a two-stage section ecological channel with ice cover. The results show that the two-stage section channel with ice cover can effectively reduce the flow velocity in the channel and increase the retention time of water in the channel. By comparing with the experimental data, the accuracy of the analytical solution is high, which provides a theoretical reference for the transport of sediment and pollutions in a two-stage section channel with ice cover in the future.
Plant-wide modelling and analysis of WWTP temperature dynamics for sustainable heat recovery from wastewater
Authors: Arnell Magnus , Ahlström Marcus , Wärff Christoffer , Saagi Ramesh , Jeppsson Ulf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wastewater heat recovery upstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses a risk to treatment performance, i.e. the biological processes. In order to perform a sustainability analysis, a detailed prediction of the temperature dynamics over the WWTP is needed. A comprehensive set of heat balance equations was included in a plant-wide process model and validated for the WWTP in Linköping, Sweden, to predict temperature variations over the whole year in a temperate climate. A detailed model for the excess heat generation of biological processes was developed. The annual average temperature change from influent to effluent was 0.78 °C with clear seasonal variations; 45% of the temperature change arises from processes other than the activated sludge unit. Hence, plant-wide energy modelling was necessary to predict in-tank temperature in the biological treatment steps. The energy processes with the largest energy gains were solar radiation and biological processes, while the largest losses were from conduction, convection and atmospheric radiation. Tanks with large surface areas have a significant impact on the heat balance regardless of biological processes. Simulating a 3 °C lower influent temperature, the temperature in the activated sludge unit dropped by 2.8 °C, which had a negative impact on nitrogen removal.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA JUDICIÁRIA DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: F. O. Costa Daniel , Maia Rute 
Published: July 2021

O modelo de gestão do Poder Judiciário se aproxima cada vez mais da lógica neoliberal, em que a ideia de concorrência é a sua pedra angular. A interferência dessa lógica no âmbito do judiciário afigura-se um fator importante a ser estudado, na medida em que ela modifica o funcionamento desse órgão, que é hoje um poder protagonista capaz de interferir nas ações promovidas pelos outros poderes e de produzir as suas próprias políticas públicas. Atualmente, quanto à formulação de políticas pelo judiciário, o tema da inteligência artificial-IA encontra proeminência, já que o chamado terceiro poder tem buscado utilizá-la com o objetivo de promover o acesso à justiça. Dentro desse contexto, é que o presente trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa teórico-descritiva, almeja verificar se as caracteristicas do neoliberalismo se encontram presentes nas ações de IA promovidas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Para tanto, busca-se identificar, na esteira dos ensinamentos de Dardot e Laval (2016), quais as caracteristicas da racionalidade neoliberal, procurando, além disso, compreender o que vem a ser a política judiciária de IA e como ela tem sido implementada pelo STJ. Ao final, entende-se que a característica da produtividade vinculada à racionalidade neoliberal tem influenciado a política de IA formulada pelo STJ.
Pregabalin Treatment does not Affect Amyloid Pathology in 5XFAD Mice
Authors: Sadleir Katherine R. , Popovoic Jelena , Zhu Wei , Reidel Cory T. , Do Ha , Silverman Richard B. , Vassar Robert 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Calcium dysregulation has been proposed to play a causative role in the
development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Pregabalin is a compound already approved for human
use, marketed as the prescription drug Lyrica. It binds the α2-δ subunit of P/Q-type voltagegated
calcium channels, lowering calcium influx and providing effective treatment for epilepsy and
neuropathic pain.

Objective:
We hypothesize that increased resting calcium in neuronal processes near amyloid
plaques plays a role in the development of neuritic dystrophies and further progression of amyloid
pathology.

Methods:
5XFAD mice were treated orally for 12 weeks with pregabalin, then immunoblotting and
immunofluorescent imaging were used to quantify neuritic dystrophy and amyloid deposition in
pregabalin compared to placebo-treated mice.

Results:
The treatment did not decrease markers of neuritic dystrophy or amyloid deposition. The
image analysis of neuritic dystrophy on a plaque-by-plaque basis showed a small non-significant increase
in the relative proportion of LAMP1 to Aβ42 in plaques with areas of 50-450 μm2 in the cortex
of pregabalin-treated mice. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation
between the measured cerebral concentration of pregabalin and the relative levels of BACE1 and
Aβ in the cortex. This relationship was not observed in the hippocampus, and there was no increase
in average Aβ levels in pregabalin treated mice compared to placebo. We confirmed previous findings
that smaller amyloid plaques are associated with a greater degree of neuritic dystrophy.

Conclusion:
Pregabalin may have an effect on Aβ that merits further investigation, but our study
does not suggest that pregabalin contributes substantially to amyloid pathology.
In vitro Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Contents
of Crude Extracts and Fractions from Different Organs of the HalophyteLycium europaeum L
Authors: Bendjedoua Houaria , Bennaceura Malika , Benamar Houari , Rodriguesd Maria João , Pereirad Catarina , Bensouicie Chawki , Custódiod Luísa 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Lycium europaeum L. is a medicinal and edible Mediterranean halophyte spiny shrub. However, studies regarding its biological properties focused mainly on its aerial organs.

Objective:
The objective of the present work was to make a comparative evaluation of the in vitro
antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate,
n-butanol and aqueous) from roots and leaves of L. europaeum, along with its total phenolic,
flavonoid and tannin contents.

Methods:
The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), superoxide radical, β-carotene
bleaching, cupric reducing and ferric reducing activity methods

Results:
The n-butanol fraction from roots had the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays,
and was also the most active against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease (IC50
values of 92.63, 118.26 and 135.60 μgmL-1, respectively). This fraction showed a high level of total
phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents.

Conclusion:
The results suggest L. europaeum, especially its roots, as a candidate to be further explored
as a source of bioactive products.
New Clones and Old Varieties: Quality of Sicilian Hillside Apple Cultivation
Authors: Passafiume Roberta , Tinebra Ilenia , Sortino Giuseppe , Palazzolo Eristanna , Farina Vittorio 
Published: July 2021

Aims:The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the new clones according to the Mediterranean hillside growing environment and, at the same time, to highlight the qualitative peculiarities of the old varieties in order to avoid genetic loss.Introduction:Several apple varieties are constantly selected for improved quality traits and introduced for cultivation and marketing in addition to a few traditional and affirmed varieties. On the other side, local genotype and ancient varieties are still valorised due to the request of a niche market.Methods:We have studied the physico-chemical quality and the sensory traits of the fruit obtained in this particular environment.Results:Our study reveals a qualitative response to the environment in a genotype-dependent manner. As expected, the physico-chemical characteristics favour the new clones.Conclusion:Both old varieties and new clones of apple fruit, grown in the Mediterranean area, turned out to be of high quality. Nevertheless, results revealed the better characteristics of new clones for commercialization in large-scale supply chain.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Tear Film Evaporation Rate Measurement using a new Closed-Chamber Evaporimeter
Authors: Abusharha Ali A. , Al Yami Ali , Alsreea Khaled , Fagehi Raied , Alsaqr Ali , Alanazi Saud , Masmali Ali 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
This study evaluates the repeatability and reproducibility of tear film evaporation rate measurement using a commercially available handheld closed-chamber evaporimeter (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland).

Study Design:
This was a randomized observational study, in which two visits were required. At visit 1, screening tests were performed on the participants. Subsequently, tear evaporation was measured thrice by examiner 1 (E1). The procedure was then repeated by examiner 2 (E2) at visit 2.

Methods:
40 healthy participants with no ocular diseases were recruited for this study. A closed chamber evaporimeter was used in this study (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Primary investigations, including slit-lamp examination, tear production test, and ocular discomfort, were performed during the first visit for the purpose of screening.

Results:
The mean of the three measurements of tear evaporation obtained by examiner 1 at visit 1 was 19.38 ± 0.79 g/m2/h, and the mean of the three readings obtained by examiner 2 at visit 2 was 20.49 ± 0.48 g/m2/h. The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among the three readings of tear evaporation was 0.84 and 0.63 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at visits 1 and 2, respectively. A comparison of the reliability of the measurements from the two examiners revealed an ICC of 0.69 with a 95% CI.

Conclusion:
The VapoMeter provides repeatable and reproducible measurements of tear film evaporation. This study demonstrates that the VapoMeter could provide clinicians with a readily available method for rapid evaluation of tear film evaporation. By considering the significance of tear evaporation as a diagnostic tool for dry eyes, the VapoMeter may help to diagnose better and manage dry eye syndrome.
Association between Higher CD32a+CD4+ T Cell Count and Viral Load in the Peripheral Blood of HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Arsentieva Natalia A. , Batsunov Oleg K. , Semenov Alexander V. , Kudryavtsev Igor V. , Esaulenko Elena V. , Boeva Ekaterina V. , Kovelenov Alexey Y. , Totolian Areg A. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The significance of CD32a receptor expression in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is currently unclear. Previously, B. Descours et al. (2017) concluded that in patients infected with HIV-1, CD32a is expressed on resting T cells that contain HIV DNA. According to the authors, these cells are reservoirs for inducible, replication-competent viruses. However, other studies have reported that CD32a expression is associated with activated T cells and is not a marker of HIV-1 reservoirs. The aims of this study were: to determine the significance of the CD32a marker in HIV infection, to assess its expression on T helper (Th) subpopulations in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals and to clarify the relationship between this expression and viral load.

Methods:
For comparative analysis, the following groups were used: 27 HIV-infected patients; 11 individuals with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection; 16 individuals with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection; and 13 healthy donors. Peripheral blood served as the study material. The expression of CD32a receptor on Th cell subpopulations was assessed using flow cytometry. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for data analysis.

Results:
It was found that relative CD32a+ Th cell counts in HIV-infected individuals significantly exceeded corresponding values in other groups: healthy individuals (p<0.0001), those with HCV infection (p=0.0008) and those with HBV infection (p <0.0001). Among the Th subpopulations in HIV-infected patients, the CD32a receptor was predominantly expressed on Th1 cells (p<0.0001) and Th2 cells (p<0.0001), compared with Th17. We found a strong, direct correlation (r=0.78; p<0.0001) between viral load and CD32a+CD4+ T cell count in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusion:
Thus, our results provide evidence that the CD32a receptor can serve as a marker of HIV infection, and its expression depends on viral load. Clinical material was used here, for the first time, to show that CD32a is predominantly expressed on Th1 and Th2 cells.
Industry 4.0 Roadmapping: A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach
Authors: Elibal Kerem , Özceylan Eren 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The industry 4.0 transition is becoming crucial for organizations. The lit-erature reviewed showed that whilst there are many studies on industry 4.0 assessment that help organizations to evaluate their current state, limited studies exist for road-mapping activities.

Objective:
The main aim of this study is to construct a model that leads organizations to their fourth industrial revolution transition. Companies, especially small and medium-sized ones (SMEs) need clear, agile and efficient road maps because of their limited resources. Lack of a procedure that guides organizations in the right way is the motivation of this study.

Method:
A linguistic fuzzy inference system is used in this study. Concepts are determined and relations between concepts with if-then rules have been constructed according to the expert opin-ion. MATLAB R2015a is used for the inference system.

Results:
An exemplary case is considered and the results show that the inference system can pro-vide company-specific roadmaps. To which extend an industry 4.0 concept should be taken into account for a company can be seen with the proposed method.

Conclusion:
The proposed method showed that specific and agile roadmaps could be obtained. Be-cause of the dependency of expert opinion for the fuzzy rule base, different methods for obtaining rules and relations may be a future research direction.
STABILITY INDICATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FAVIPIRAVIR AND PERAMIVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC
Authors: LINGABATHULA SRINIVAS , JAIN NEELU 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The current investigation was pointed at developing and progressively validating novel, simple, responsive and stable RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients of Favipiravir and Peramivir and their related substances.
Methods: A simple, selective, validated and well-defined stability that shows gradient RP-HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Favipiravir and Peramivir. The chromatographic strategy utilized Inertsil ODS column of dimensions 250x4.6 mm, 5 micron, using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 percent orthophosphoric acid (70:30). A flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 260 nm utilizing the PDA detector was given in the instrumental settings. Using the impurity-spiked solution, the chromatographic approach was streamlined.
Results: Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. LOD and LOQ for the two active ingredients and their impurities were established with respect to test concentration. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999, which means the linearity was within the limit. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness was determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.
Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in RS condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of production samples and to verify the quality of drug samples during stability studies.
ENHANCEMENT OF THERAPEUTIC WINDOW OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE BY FABRICATION OF MICROSPHERES COMPRISING POLYMERIC INCULCATION WITH SEMI-SYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS BY IMPLEMENTATION OF BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: QUAZI MD AAMER , KHANAM NAZIA 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Innovative enhancement of therapeutic window of Metformin hydrochloride (MFH) and bioavailability through mucoadhesive microspheres by polymeric inculcation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M grade (HPMC K4M), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M grade (HPMC K100M) and Kollidon SR grade (KS).
Methods: Controlled release system was developed by incorporating semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers by modified solvent evaporation technique. Fabrication of mucoadhesive microspheres was designed by the implementation of experimental designs to obtain most optimum concentration of selected factors. The method was optimized by Box Behnken design (BBD) with selected factors as concentrations of semi-synthetic and synthetic polymer with stirring speed influence for the obtained responses that were mean particle size (Y1) entrapment efficiency of drug (Y2) and percent mucoadhesion (Y3). Microspheres were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency of drug, ex-vivo mucoadhesion study, in vitro study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) detection and H1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantification for optimized formulation.
Results: Implementation of response surface method software for BBD yielded stable microspheres with mean particle size 274 µm, entrapment efficiency of drug 85.07% and percent mucoadhesion 67.03% for optimized formulation F5.
Conclusion: Bridging of MFH with the highly innovative combination of semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers yielded stable, cost-effective microspheres with improved bioavailability with controlled-release effect as till date no literature is available that provide information with selected polymeric combination and analytical characterization.
EFFECT OF POLYMERIC BLEND ON EX-VIVO PERMEATION STUDIES OF ACECLOFENAC LOADED FILM FORMING GEL
Authors: BAJAJ HIMANI , SINGH VINOD , SINGH RANJIT , KUMAR TIRATH 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To date, film-forming systems have been intensively investigated for transdermal drug delivery. Film-forming systems offers various advantages compared over conventional transdermal drug delivery systems. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of polymeric blend on ex-vivo permeation studies of topical film-forming gel of aceclofenac.
Methods: Film-forming gels were prepared by using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit polymeric blend in varied concentrations, polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer, ethanol as solvent and tween 80 as a penetration enhancer. The prepared film-forming gels were evaluated and the influence of the concentration and ratio of polymeric blends used plasticizer and ethanol were investigated.
Results: All the prepared film-forming gels showed satisfactory properties regarding homogeneity, compatibility, viscosity and pH value. Variation in the concentration of polymers showed a variable effect on drug permeation rate from film-forming gels. Almost, all formulations permeated up to 80% of drug in 12 h and formulation F1 showed a maximum release about 97.54 % in 12 h.
Conclusion: Film-forming gels of aceclofenac with sustained-release profile were successfully developed and may provide a promising effective formulation which may improve patient compliance.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STABILITY TEST OF NEEM OIL CREAM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: SAPUTRI FEBRINA AMELIA , HUSNI PATIHUL , PUTRIANA NORISCA ALIZA 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aims to examine the physical and chemical stability of neem oil cream.
Methods: Physical stability was conducted by storing the cream at room temperature (25±2 °C/65 %RH±5 %RH) and high temperature (40±2 °C/75 % RH±5 % RH) for 3 mo. HPLC method using Dionex with UV detection at 219 nm, Shodex (C-18) HPLC packed column (4.6 mmID x 250 mmL), acetonitrile: water [30:70] as mobile phase, 10 min isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with volume injection 20 μL was validated then was carried out to measure azadirachtin levels in neem oil cream. The chemical stability of azadirachtin in the cream was determined for 90 days by using this validated method.
Results: The neem oil cream was physically stable. The HPLC method of azadirachtin meets all the validation parameters and can be used to analyze the chemical stability of azadirachtin in neem oil cream. Neem oil cream was stable for 4 w at 25 °C and for 1 w at 40 °C.
Conclusion: The neem oil cream was either physically or chemically stable for 4 weeks at 25 oC and 1 week at 40 oC
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD OF PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE IN BULK AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DRUG LOADING AND ENTRAPMENT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE MICROSPHERES
Authors: MALI SANDIP , OZA NISHANT 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study was to develop simple, precise and cost-effective ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic method for estimation of paliperidone palmitate (PP) as a bulk and in the polymeric depot dosage form.
Methods: UV spectrophotometer with quartz sample cells and spectral manager software was used for analysis samples. 20 % Methanol in Mili-Q-Water was used as a solvent for the sample and standard preparations. Method validation was carried out as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Stress degradation studies were carried out to check the stability-indicating performance of the developed method. The validated method was applied for the estimation of the PP content of long-acting injectable microspheres of PP.
Results: The wavelength of maximum absorption was found to be 283 nm. The proposed method was validated in the range of 5-30 µg/ml of PP. The mean recovery for 80%, 100% and 120% standard solution was found to be 99.03%, 99.21% and 99.35% respectively with less than 2% relative standard deviation (RSD). Intra-day and inter-day method precision ranged from 0.54 to 1.62% and 0.67 and 1.24% respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 0.03 and 0.10 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was found to be robust and rugged. Stress degradation studies were carried out under acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic and oxidative and photo stress. The proposed method was capable to detect changes in assay due to stress conditions.
Conclusion: The developed method was successfully employed for routine analysis of drug loading in long-acting injectable microspheres of PP.