bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Youth Vaping Cessation Intention and Quit Attempts
Authors: Dai Hongying 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to examine the prevalence and factors associated with youth vaping cessation behaviors.

METHODS
Current (past 30-day) electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) users from the 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 1660, typically aged 11–18 years) were analyzed to examine the prevalence of youth intention to quit vaping, past-year quit attempts, and the frequency of quit attempts. Multivariable logistic or linear regressions were performed to assess the correlates with youth vaping cessation behaviors.

RESULTS
In 2020, 53.4% of current e-cigarette users reported intention to quit vaping and 67.4% reported having tried to quit vaping. Intention to quit was lower among female individuals (versus male individuals, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.7, P = .0004), users of a modifiable system (versus disposable e-cigarettes, aOR = 0.4, P = .0204), and dual or poly users (versus sole e-cigarette use, aOR = 0.7, P = .0144). e-cigarette harm perception was positively associated with intention to quit (aOR = 2.2, P &lt; .0001) and past-year quit attempts (aOR = 1.6, P = .0037). Reasons for e-cigarette use were related to cessation behaviors. Adolescents who vaped because of curiosity had higher odds of past-year quit attempts (aOR = 1.4, P = .0306), whereas users to disguise vaping had a lower likelihood of intention to quit (aOR=0.4, P &lt; .0001) and past-year quit attempts (aOR = 0.7, P = .0126). The average number of past-year quit attempts was 5.3, and it was lower among female individuals (versus male individuals), users of e-cigarettes with prefilled pods or cartridges (versus disposable e-cigarettes), and those with nicotine cravings (versus no nicotine craving).

CONCLUSIONS
Intention to quit vaping and past-year quit attempts are prevalent among US adolescent e-cigarette users. The study findings inform the development of multifaceted vaping cessation programs to take sex, e-cigarette devices, vaping reasons and patterns, harm perception, and nicotine dependence into account.
Understanding juveniles’ problematic smartphone use and related influencing factors: A network perspective
Authors: Huang Shunsen , Lai Xiaoxiong , Li Yajun , Luo Yuhan , Wang Yun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsTo understand the interaction between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and related influencing factors (individual variables, family environment, and school environment) and to determine the most influential factors affecting the use of smartphones by juveniles to implement effective interventions in the future.MethodsA total of 3,442 children and adolescents (3,248 actual participants (males = 1,638, average age = 12.27 ± 2.36)) were included in the study. This study measured juveniles’ PSU and its influencing factors: individual variables (4 factors), family environments (13 factors), and school environments (5 factors). This study employed a network analysis approach for data assessment.ResultsThis study found that there were several central influencing factors (such as self-control ability, loss of control, parent-child relationship, and peer attitudes towards smartphone use) and bridge factors (such as peer attitudes towards smartphone use, peer pressure for smartphone use, and fear of missing out).Discussion and conclusionsJuveniles’ PSU included several core symptoms and critical influencing factors. Intervention based on these factors may be effective, timely, and inexpensive.
An experiment of using the SonoVue ultrasound contrast agent for focused high-intensity ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids
Authors: Slabozhankina Ekaterina A. , Kira Evgeniy F. , Politova Alla K. , Kitayev Vyacheslav M. , Bruslik Sergey V. , Amelina Yulia L. , Politova Alexandra A. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the modern methods of organ-saving non-invasive remote treatment of uterine fibroids is ablation of myomatous nodes with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the parameters of ultrasonic ablation when using intraoperative control with the help of an ultrasound contrast agent.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from 2016 to 2018, a total of 208 patients with symptomatic uterine myoma underwent HIFU ablation of myomatous nodes. The two groups of patients were compared: group I included 98 patients aged 36 to 52 years (mean age: 44.39 7.12 years) with intraoperative control with an ultrasound contrast agent (sulfur hexafluoride); group II consisted of 110 patients aged 20 to 55 years (mean age: 38.33 8.72 years), whose treatment was not controlled by the contrast agent.
RESULTS: Using the Mann-Whitney test, we obtained statistically significant differences in the following parameters: the duration of ultrasound ablation was 215.28 70.57 min (from 70 to 390 min) in group I, and 610.84 56.26 min (from 290 to 1230 min) in group II (p 0.005); the average energy was 329.06 33.06 W in group I, and 293.68 64.51 W in group II (p 0.001); good tolerance of the operation was shown in 91% of cases in group I, and in 61.8% of cases in group II; satisfactory tolerance of the operation was shown in 7.7% of cases in group I, and in 37.3% of cases in group II (p 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that the performance of HIFU ablation with the use of an ultrasonic contrast agent allowed halving the insonation time, while using submaximal and maximum ultrasound exposure powers with better tolerance of intervention by patients.
Lower California development company
Authors: Gómez Cavazos Enrique Esteban 
Published: August 2021

Una concesión territorial a finales del siglo XIX a la Mexican Land and Colonization Company de capital Británico que años atrás fue comprada a la International Company of México de capital estadounidense, desarrolla un inicial proyecto económico y urbanístico tratando de construir una colonia de irrigación para el valle de San Quintín y un centro agrícola potente como capital de la compañía. El interés del régimen de Porfirio Díaz (1876-1910) en ocupar estratégicamente el territorio y poblar la lejana península tenía una intención clara, la de desarrollar a través del capitalismo extranjero diversas poblaciones y tratar de consolidar ciudades en la costa del Pacifico. La colonia inglesa de San Quintín es un ejemplo del proyecto territorial del Porfiriato en la península de Baja California y cuenta con un valioso patrimonio industrial desapercibido que debe de ser reconocido. Por eso, el objetivo de este texto en buscar en la historia industrial para encontrar las piezas en el territorio que narren su origen y describan su identidad.
BMSCs improve TNBS-induced colitis in rats through inducing Tregs differentiation by expressing PD-L1
Authors: Gao Fei , Fan Heng , Shou Zhexing , Dong Yalan , Zuo Dongmei , Yu Ting , Liu Yujin , Zhu Feng , Chu Si , Wei Chunzhu , Leng Xueyuan , He Hongxia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of stem cells with high differentiation potential and immunomodulatory ability, which has a broad prospect in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study is to investigate whether BMSCs could improve TNBS-induced colitis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through inducing Tregs differentiation by expressing PD-L1.
Methods
BMSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry before being transfected with PD-L1 siRNA recombinant lentiviral vector. Then SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Colitis induced by TNBS (sigma Aldrich) except normal group. On the fourth day of modeling, the rats in BMSCs control group and PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs group were injected with corresponding BMSCs through tail vein for 1 week, the dose was 5 × 106 cells. The normal group and model group were given the same volume of PBS.
Results
PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs and BMSCs could reach colon tissue in TNBS-induced colitis. BMSCs control group significantly improved the clinical symptoms and histopathological severity of TNBS induced colitis, but PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs group did not. We found that the percentage of Tregs in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes decreased, the expression of PD-L1, IL10, PTEN was down-regulated, and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was up-regulated in colon tissue after PD-L1 siRNA intervention.
Conclusion
This study suggested that BMSCs can induce the differentiation of Treg through inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway by expressing PD-L1, which can significantly improve the symptoms and pathological damage of ulcerative colitis rats and affect the immune function.
The Effect of Triple-lumen Flushing Training based on the Guideline in the Competence of Nurses
Authors: Abasi Fatemeh , Bazrafkan Leila , mosalanejad leili 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNurses' clinical education is critical in their empowerment process. Due to the extraordinary sensitivity of special wards, nurse training, especially for novices, appears to be more necessary and critical. The present study aimed at determining how triple-lumen flushing training based on the guideline affected the capacity of nurses in Namazi Hospital's pediatric intensive care unit.Methods The current study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study conducted in December 2020 until April 2021 on 60 nurses working in the pediatric intensive care units of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. The samples were counted and divided into two groups of 25 people using the census method. At the beginning of the study, all participants took a pre-test, and then one of the groups was chosen randomly and trained for 10 one-hour sessions based on the revised guidelines of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences professors of Nursing and Cardiology. The training was both theoretical and practical in nature. A four-choice test, a performance checklist, and a valid and reliable attitude questionnaire were used to evaluate the effect of empowerment training in changing the behavior of both intervention and control groups after two weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results Data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in knowledge, skills, and attitudes between the intervention and control groups, with a statistically significant coefficient (p 0.000). There is a positive and significant correlation between nurses' clinical knowledge and their clinical skills (r = 0.290, p = 0.041). In other words, nurses' clinical skills have improved in parallel with their clinical knowledge. Furthermore, there is no significant correlation between nurses' attitudes and their level of clinical knowledge (r=0.066, p = 0.650). After the intervention, there is no significant correlation between nurses' attitudes and their level of clinical skills (r=0.030, p= 0.836).Conclusion The current study's findings revealed that the educational intervention of triple-lumen flushing based on the designed guideline has significantly contributed to the excellence and promotion of knowledge, and as a result, the ability of nurses. Developing and implementing guidelines can improve nurses' abilities in specialized areas, particularly in special care.
Acoustic Möbius insulators from projective symmetry
Authors: Qiu Chunyin , Li Tianzi , Du Juan , Zhang Qicheng , Li Yitong , Fan Xiying , Zhang Fan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Symmetry plays a critical role in classifying phases of matter. This is exemplified by how crystalline symmetries enrich the topological classification of materials and enable unconventional phenomena in topologically nontrivial ones. After an extensive study over the past decade, the list of topological crystalline insulators and semimetals seems to be exhaustive and concluded. However, in the presence of gauge symmetry, common but not limited to artificial crystals, the algebraic structure of crystalline symmetries needs to be projectively represented, giving rise to unprecedented topological physics. Here we demonstrate this novel idea by exploiting a projective translation symmetry and constructing a variety of Möbius-twisted topological phases. Experimentally, we realize two Möbius insulators in acoustic crystals for the first time: a two-dimensional one of first-order band topology and a three-dimensional one of higher-order band topology. We observe unambiguously the peculiar Möbius edge and hinge states via real-space visualization of their localiztions, momentum-space spectroscopy of their 4π periodicity, and phase-space winding of their projective translation eigenvalues. Not only does our work open a new avenue for artificial systems under the interplay between gauge and crystalline symmetries, but it also initializes a new framework for topological physics from projective symmetry.
MicroRNA Expression Deregulated by Aberrant Methylation in B-ALL Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Yidan , Wang Yihan , Hui Hetong , Fan Xinyuan , Wang Tianqi , Liu LiMei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the serum of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients is abnormal. However, the mechanism is not clear. Recent studies have shown that the methylation state of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is different between tumor patients and normal people. Therefore, we speculate that abnormal expression of miRNA may be associated with methylation in cfDNA. The aim of this study was to establish a fluorescently labeled B-ALL transplantation animal model, so as to explore the relationship between the serum miRNA expression and the related gene of cfDNA methylation. The expression levels of miRNAs were detected with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cfDNA methylation levels of related gene were tested by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP). The result showed that the expression levels of miR-196b, miR-203, miR-34a-5p, miR-335-3p, miR-34b-5p, miR-615, miR-375-3p and miR-193b-5p in the serum of the model mice were significantly lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). The methylation level of miR-196b promoter in cfDNA of model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in miR-203 promoter. The methylation levels of miR-196b and miR-203 coding region in cfDNA of model group were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05). The results indicate that CpG island hypermethyation in the miRNA coding region of cfDNA is related to the low expression of miR-196b and miR-203.
Effect of Metal Contamination and Pesticides on the Cellulase-producing Microbes Present in the Gut of Perionyx Excavatus
Authors: Samanta Tanushree , Das Ankita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cellulase-producing microorganisms were isolated and identified as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus megaterium and Enterobacter cloacae among the bacteria and P. boydii, Streptomyces sp. and Candida sp. among the fungal isolates from the gut of Perionyx excavatus. They were then subjected to two different doses of metal Zinc ((Dose I- 60mg/Kg and Dose II- 120 mg/Kg.) and two doses of two commonly used pesticides (Pendimethalin and Pretilachlor). It has been observed that out of the six cellulase-producing microbes, the higher dose of the metal was proved to be detrimental for three of them. Bacillus megaterium, that was found to be producing a sufficient amount of the enzyme, was absent even when it has been exposed to the lower dose of the metal. Also, the fungal isolates showed a decrease in number when exposed to higher dose of the contaminants. But the cellulase- producing bacterial isolates like Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter cloacae were not at all affected by the presence of either metal or the pesticides. The experiment throws light on the microbe-earthworm relationship and effect of toxins and metals on the commercially- important microbes present in the soil and earthworm’s gut. The isolates that were present even at the higher doses of the metal and pesticides would be very promising for the production of large amount of the enzyme cellulase.
Short-Term Response Might Influence The Treatment-Related Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Liu Ao , Wang Yalin , Zhao Zhongxing , Geng Xiaotao , Wang Xin , Zhu Liqiong , Nie Yu , Li Minghuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) could provide benefit to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is controversial. Therefore, we decided to investigate the potential benefit of AC after CCRT for ESCC and to identify biomarkers predictive of a clinical benefit.
Methods

We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of ESCC patients with clinical stage II–IVa who underwent CCRT. Then, we compared patients who received CCRT and AC (CCRT + AC group) with those who received CCRT alone (CCRT group). Propensity score analysis, subgroup analysis and an additional Cox regression model were conducted to analyse the predictive factors. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were taken as the endpoints.
Results

From January 2013 to December 2017, 244 patients were recruited (n = 113 for CCRT + AC; n = 113 for CCRT alone) for the analysis. After propensity score matching was performed (1:1 and 99 patients for each group) with consideration of the basic clinical characteristics, no significant differences were found in OS (HR = 1.024; 95% CI, 0.737–1.423; P = 0.886) or PFS (HR = 0.809; 95% CI, 0.582–1.126; P = 0.197) between the two groups. The good short-term response subgroup showed a better PFS and favoured CCRT + AC treatment (HR = 0.542; 95% CI, 0.3356–0.8764; P = 0.008), the independent predictive role of which was confirmed in additional multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Conclusions

Although AC did not significantly improve PFS and OS for all ESCC patients after CCRT, the short-term response to CCRT might help identify a subgroup that will benefit, which needs further prospective research to confirm.
Systematic Analyses of the Expression, Function, and Prognostic Value of CCNBs in Breast Caner
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Tang Yuqi , Wang Shuang , Liu Shutong , Li Chenglin , Shi Chunying , Li Ling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Cyclin B (CCNB) family plays key roles in the cell cycle, cell division and proliferation. Three members of CCNB family have been identified, including CCNB1, CCNB2 and CCNB3. Many studies have explored the roles of CCNBs in the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of different types of cancer. However, the expression level, function, and prognostic value of CCNBs in breast caner (BC) are still unclear.Methods We explored the specific alterations of CCNBs in BC and predicted their prognostic value for BC patients. Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, STRING, Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) databases were used for above analyses.Results We found that CCNB1 amd CCNB2 were significantly overexpressed in BC compared with normal samples, but not CCNB3. Survival analysis showed that upregulated CCNB1 and CCNB2 expression levels were associated with poor prognosis of BC patients, while high CCNB3 expression was related to good prognosis for BC patients. Furthermore, gene oncology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the functions of CCNBs and the interacted genes related to CCNBs. In addition, hsa-miR-139-5p and has-miR-944 were identified to be potentially involved in the regulation of CCNB1.Conclusion Our study suggests that CCNB1, CCNB2 are potential targets of precise therapy for BC patients and that CCNB3 is a novel biomarker for the good prognosis of BC patients.
Development of A Controlled-Environment Assay To Induce Iron Deficiency Chlorosis In Soybean By Adjusting Calcium Carbonates, pH, And Nodulation
Authors: Merry Ryan , Espina Mary Jane , Lorenz Aaron , Stupar Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Soybean iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an important nutrient stress frequently found in high pH and/or soils high in calcium carbonates. To advance the understanding of IDC resistance in soybean, a rapid (21-day) controlled-environment assay was developed to investigate the effects of nodulation, pH, and calcium carbonate levels on soybean iron deficiency traits. This system was tested on four genotypes known to exhibit differences in iron efficiency, including two standard IDC check cultivars and a pair of near-isogenic lines exhibiting variation at an IDC resistance quantitative trait locus. Visual score, chlorophyll content, plant height, root dry mass, and shoot dry mass were measured to quantify iron stress. ResultsCalcium carbonate levels and nodulation were found to have the greatest effects on IDC severity. Increasing carbonate levels worsened IDC symptoms, while nodulation reduced symptoms in all genotypes. Higher pH levels increased iron deficiency symptoms in check genotypes ‘Corsoy 79’ and ‘Dawson’, but did not induce iron deficiency symptoms in near-isogenic lines. A significant interaction was observed between genotype, nodulation, and calcium carbonate level, indicating that a specific treatment level could discern IDC symptoms between genotypes differing in resistance to IDC. ConclusionsIDC symptoms were successfully induced in the Check Genotypes Experiment as well as the NIL Experiment, indicating the success of using a liquid CaCO3 source and this assay for inducing IDC in controlled environments. However, our results suggest that treatment levels that best differentiate genotypes for their IDC resistance may need to be determined for each experiment because of the unique way in which different genotypes display symptoms and respond to iron deficiency conditions.
De Winter ECG Pattern Can Be A Temporary ECG Phenomenon Related To Severe Stenosis of The Left Circumflex Coronary Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Jian , Ding Faming , Li Jingsen , Xu Huipu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The de Winter ECG pattern consisting of ST-segment depression and tall symmetrical T waves on ECG, known as an ST elevation equivalent, accounts for approximately 2% of patients with occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). These patterns are considered static and persistent and are, on average, recorded 1.5 hours after onset. Here, we describe a case of the de Winter ECG pattern as a temporary ECG phenomenon associated with left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) stenosis.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on BMI in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nasir Arwa , High Robin , Nasir Laeth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:The COVID-19 pandemic created circumstances with the potential to increase rates of overweight and obesity. We aimed to assess whether there were significant increases in BMI among a sample of children and adolescents during the year 2020compared to the two years prior to the pandemic. Methods:For this retrospective cohort study, data was obtained from the electronic medical records of 8398 children 3-17 years of age who attended3 consecutive well visits between June 1 and October 31 in 2018, 2019 and 2020 in a single center in the Midwest. Generalized linear mixed models were used to calculate the differences in average BMI and obesityrates over the three years.Results:Between 2019 and 2020, the mean BMI for the whole sample increased 3.2 percentile points (from the 70·5th to the 73·7th percentile; p<0·001)compared to an increase of 0.8 percentile point between 2018 and 2019 (p=0·008). The proportion of children and adolescents with obesity rose from 13% in 2019 to 15·2% in 2020 (p<0·001) compared to no significant increasefrom 2018 to 2019. Significant disparities in BMI were observed between socioeconomic and ethnic groups.ConclusionsSignificant increases in BMI and obesity rates occurred in 2020 in this sample. We propose that the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic contributed significantly to these increases.