bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 disaster and mental health—assessing, responding and recovering
Authors: Lindert Jutta , Jakubauskiene Marija , Bilsen Johan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a disaster that has impacted lives globally. The purpose of this paper is to understand the linkage between COVID-19 and its impact on mental health. To reach this aim, we reviewed the literature on COVID-19 and mental conditions. Based on the literature, we identified COVID-19 as an unexpected, large-scale event that disrupted communities and caused death, destruction and trauma which upended normal existence. For mental conditions, effects of the pandemic are likely to manifest in different ways: development of symptoms in previously healthy individuals, new episodes in those with predisposition to mental disorders and development of symptoms that do not meet diagnostic criteria. The level of mental health problems varies depending on the stage of the pandemic, country, population groups and types of conditions. This also applies to the level of suicide, although suicides do not seem to have increased during the pandemic. Yet, we identified a net of factors contributing to mental conditions, in general. These factors include demographic factors (e.g. female gender, younger and older age), social factors (e.g. economically disadvantaged), mental factors (e.g. pre-existing mental conditions) and relationship factors (e.g. stressful relationship, lack of relationships). Additionally, we identified COVID-19-specific factors such as threat to own life and threat to life of loved ones, containment measures and interruption of services and social life. We further explored potentially additional suicide-related risk factors. Regardless of differences, health care and psychosocial systems were in many countries not prepared to respond to a viral disaster. Viral disaster requires that responses not only include direct care but also responses to populations that may need support due to known determinants of mental health.
Socioeconomic and demographic risk factors in COVID-19 hospitalization among immigrants and ethnic minorities
Authors: Islamoska Sabrina , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Benfield Thomas , Norredam Marie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Immigrants and ethnic minorities have been shown to be at increased risk of hospitalization from COVID-19. Our aim was to analyse the contribution of socioeconomic and demographic risk factors on hospital admissions for COVID-19 among immigrants and ethnic minorities compared to the majority population.

Methods
We used nationwide register data on all hospitalized COVID-19 cases between February and June 2020 (N = 2232) and random controls from the general population (N = 498 117). We performed logistic regression analyses and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and socioeconomic and demographic factors. The main outcome measure was hospitalization with COVID-19 and was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
Among 2232 COVID-19 cases, the OR of hospitalization with COVID-19 among immigrants and descendants of non-Western origin was 2.5 times higher (95% CI: 2.23–2.89) compared with individuals of Danish origin with most pronounced results among individuals from Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan and Somalia. The OR was largely attributed to comorbidity and socioeconomic factors, especially household size, occupation, and population density.

Conclusion
There is a significantly higher OR of hospitalization with COVID-19 among non-Western immigrants and ethnic minorities compared with ethnic Danes. This knowledge is crucial for health policymakers and practitioners in both the current and future pandemics to identify more vulnerable groups and target prevention initiatives.
Accuracies of genomic predictions for disease resistance of striped catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri using artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Vu Nguyen Thanh , Phuc Tran Huu , Oanh Kim Thi Phuong , Sang Nguyen Van , Trang Trinh Thi , Nguyen Nguyen Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Assessments of genomic prediction accuracies using artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms (i.e., machine and deep learning methods) are currently not available or very limited in aquaculture species. The principal aim of this study was to examine the predictive performance of these new methods for disease resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri in a population of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and to make comparisons with four common methods, i.e., pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP), genomic-based best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and a nonlinear Bayesian approach (notably BayesR). Our analyses using machine learning (i.e., ML-KAML) and deep learning (i.e., DL-MLP and DL-CNN) together with the four common methods (PBLUP, GBLUP, ssGBLUP, and BayesR) were conducted for two main disease resistance traits (i.e., survival status coded as 0 and 1 and survival time, i.e., days that the animals were still alive after the challenge test) in a pedigree consisting of 560 individual animals (490 offspring and 70 parents) genotyped for 14,154 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The results using 6,470 SNPs after quality control showed that machine learning methods outperformed PBLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP, with the increases in the prediction accuracies for both traits by 9.1–15.4%. However, the prediction accuracies obtained from machine learning methods were comparable to those estimated using BayesR. Imputation of missing genotypes using AlphaFamImpute increased the prediction accuracies by 5.3–19.2% in all the methods and data used. On the other hand, there were insignificant decreases (0.3–5.6%) in the prediction accuracies for both survival status and survival time when multivariate models were used in comparison to univariate analyses. Interestingly, the genomic prediction accuracies based on only highly significant SNPs (P &lt; 0.00001, 318–400 SNPs for survival status and 1,362–1,589 SNPs for survival time) were somewhat lower (0.3–15.6%) than those obtained from the whole set of 6,470 SNPs. In most of our analyses, the accuracies of genomic prediction were somewhat higher for survival time than survival status (0/1 data). It is concluded that although there are prospects for the application of genomic selection to increase disease resistance to E. ictaluri in striped catfish breeding programs, further evaluation of these methods should be made in independent families/populations when more data are accumulated in future generations to avoid possible biases in the genetic parameters estimates and prediction accuracies for the disease-resistant traits studied in this population of striped catfish P. hypophthalmus.
The Gerontological Case Against Fossil Fuels
Authors: Sykes Kathy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a threat to persons of all ages, but the older population is especially susceptible to the harms of extreme heat, growing air toxics, increasingly prevalent extreme weather events, and related environmental hazards. These changes reflect our continuing dependence on fossil fuels. The effects range from increased risk of chronic conditions to disruption of essential medical and social supports. We need the expertise of gerontologists to craft practical and evidence-based mitigation and adaptation interventions for climate change if we are to meet the needs of aging populations. We cannot wait for others to raise their voices. Gerontologists must address the challenge of climate change and support energy policies that terminate the fossil fuel supply chain.
Understanding the performance of county health service delivery in Kenya: a mixed-method analysis
Authors: Zeng Wu , Musiega Anita , Oyasi Joyce , Di Giorgio Laura , Chuma Jane , Lu Ruoyan , Ahn Haksoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To better understand the wide variation of performance among county health systems in Kenya, this study investigated their performance determinants. We selected five counties with varied performance and examined their performance across five domains containing 10 thematic areas. We conducted a stakeholder analysis, consisting of focus group discussions and key informant interviews, and administered a quantitative survey to quantify the magnitude of inefficiency. The study found that a shortage of funding was one of the most common complaints from counties, leading to inefficiency in the health system. Another major reason for inefficiencies was the delay in disbursing funding to health facilities, which affected the procurement of medical supplies and commodities essential for delivering healthcare to the population. In addition, lack of autonomy in procuring commodities and equipment was repeatedly mentioned as a barrier to delivering quality health services. Other reported common concerns contributing to the performance of county health systems were the lack of lab tests and equipment, low willingness to join health insurance, rigid procurement policies and lengthy procurement process, lack of motivation and incentives for service delivery, and poor economic status. Despite the common concerns among the five counties, they differed in some schematic areas, such as the county’s commitment to health and community mobilization. In summary, this study suggests various factors that determine county health system performance. Given the multifaceted nature of inefficiency drivers, it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to address the causes of inefficiencies and improve the county health systems
Revealing the relationship between feeding and growth of larval redfish (Sebastes sp.) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Burns Corinne M , Pepin Pierre , Plourde Stéphane , Veillet Guillaume , Sirois Pascal , Robert Dominique 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Year-class strength of fish stocks is often set during the larval stage, with fast growth being a favourable factor leading to strong recruitment. Following 30 years of poor recruitment, redfish (Sebastes sp.) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) produced unprecedentedly strong year classes in 2011–2013. The relationship between larval diet and growth that potentially drove these successful recruitment events is unknown. Gut content and otolith microstructure of redfish larvae collected from the GSL in 1999 and 2000 were analysed in order to understand the relationship between recent feeding success and growth in larval redfish, and identify feeding behaviours that are associated with fast growth. Growth was positively correlated with larval body depth (BD), which was used as a morphological proxy for growth. Prey type and size were the best explanatory variables of larval BD after obligatory first-feeding. Larvae that consumed large naupliar stages of frequently consumed copepod taxa were deeper-bodied and grew more quickly than larvae that consumed redfish's preferred prey, Calanus finmarchicus eggs. Warming GSL waters have shifted the phenology of commonly consumed prey taxa earlier in the season, which may increase the overlap between redfish and naupliar prey that drive fast growth, survival, and potentially recruitment success.
Re-dosing of del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery requiring prolonged aortic cross-clamp
Authors: D’Angelo Alex M , Nemeth Samantha , Wang Catherine , Kossar Alexander P , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Bapat Vinayak , Naka Yoshifumi , Argenziano Michael , Smith Craig R , Beck James , Spellman Jessica , Kurlansky Paul , George Isaac 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOBJECTIVESFew data exist on the use of del Nido cardioplegia in adults, specifically during operations requiring prolonged aortic cross-clamp. In this pilot study, we evaluate outcomes of patients undergoing surgery with cross-clamp time &gt;3 h based on re-dosing strategy, using either full dose (FD; 1:4 blood to crystalloid ratio) or dilute (4:1 blood to crystalloid ratio) solution.METHODSConsecutive adult patients (&gt;18 years) undergoing cardiac surgery from 2012 to 2018 with cross-clamp time &gt;3 h were reviewed. Patients were excluded if del Nido cardioplegia was not used. Patients were categorized into FD or dilute groups based on re-dosing solution. Propensity score matching was used to control for baseline differences between groups. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Other outcomes examined included: postoperative mechanical support, arrhythmia, stroke, dialysis and cardiac function.RESULTSIncluded for analysis were 173 patients (115 male) with median age of 63.8 (interquartile range 53.9–73.1). Major comorbidities included diabetes (45), cerebrovascular disease (34), hypertension (131), atrial fibrillation (52) and previous cardiac surgery (83). There were 108 patients (62%) who received FD re-dosing, while 65 (38%) received dilute. A greater proportion of patients in the dilute group received retrograde delivery, for both induction (32/108 vs 39/65, P &lt; 0.001) and re-dose (50/108 vs 53/65, P &lt; 0.001). After propensity score matching, in-hospital mortality was not different between groups (6/48 vs 1/48, P = 0.131). There were no differences in rates of postoperative mechanical circulatory support, stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction or right ventricle dysfunction.CONCLUSIONSDel Nido cardioplegia has been used in complex cardiac surgery requiring prolonged cross-clamp. Re-dosing can be performed with either FD or dilute del Nido solution with no statistical difference in outcomes.
The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2021—The 6th Workshop and Current Perspectives
Authors: Chan Edward K L , von Mühlen Carlos A , Fritzler Marvin J , Damoiseaux Jan , Infantino Maria , Klotz Werner , Satoh Minoru , Musset Lucile , García-De La Torre Ignacio , Carballo Orlando Gabriel , Herold Manfred , de Melo Cruvinel Wilson , Mimori Tsuneyo , Conrad Karsten , Andrade Luis E C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The establishment of the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2014–2015 was welcomed by members of the medical community as a significant improvement in guiding harmonization of ANA test interpretation and reporting. In the subsequent years, several itinerant meetings and continuous interaction with the community contributed to disseminate the ICAP harmonization on the immunofluorescence patterns observed in the indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA) and to promote progressive improvement in the classification of HEp-2 IFA patterns. The 6th ICAP Workshop was held in person on September 6, 2021 as a satellite meeting of the 15th Dresden Symposium on Autoantibodies. This article summarizes the major discussions at the meeting as well as outlining the current plans for the ICAP committee.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced low rectal cancer using intensity-modulated radiotherapy to spare the intestines: a single-institutional pilot trial
Authors: Sakanaka Katsuyuki , Fujii Kota , Ishida Yuichi , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Hida Koya , Inoo Hiroyuki , Sakai Yoshiharu , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The irradiated volume of intestines is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity in preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. The current trial prospectively explored how much of the irradiated volume of intestines was reduced by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and whether IMRT might alleviate the acute gastrointestinal toxicity in this population. The treatment protocol encompassed preoperative chemoradiotherapy using IMRT plus surgery for patients with clinical T3–4, N0–2 low rectal cancer. IMRT delivered 45 Gy per 25 fractions for gross tumors, mesorectal and lateral lymph nodal regions, and tried to reduce the volume of intestines receiving 15 Gy (V15 Gy) &lt; 120 cc and V45 Gy ≤ 0 cc, respectively, while keeping target coverage. S-1 and irinotecan were concurrently administered. Acute gastrointestinal toxicity, rates of clinical downstaging, sphincter preservation, local regional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Twelve enrolled patients completed the chemoradiotherapy protocol. The volumes of intestines receiving medium to high doses were reduced by the current IMRT protocol compared to 3DCRT; however, the predefined constraint of V15 Gy was met only in three patients. The rate of ≥ grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity excluding anorectal symptoms was 17%. The rates of clinical downstaging, sphincter preservation, three-year LRC and OS were 75%, 92%, 92% and 92%, respectively. In conclusion, preoperative chemoradiotherapy using IMRT for this population might alleviate acute gastrointestinal toxicity, achieving high LRC and sphincter preservation; although further advancement is required to reduce the irradiated volume of intestines, especially those receiving low doses.
Surgical radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter: which operation should we choose?
Authors: Chen Fengjie , Gao Jin , Song Chen , Wang Zhiwei , Xiong Hui , Ding Ligang , Gao Ge , Fan Hongguang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The treatment of atrial flutter (AFL) in patients without structural heart disease (SHD) by transcatheter radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) and bilateral pulmonary veins has achieved good results. We report three cases of typical AFL treated by surgical radiofrequency ablation. One patient, without SHD, successfully underwent CTI ablation and cardioversion. The other two patients, with SHD, underwent CTI ablation, partial right atrial ablation and pulmonary vein isolation, but a normal sinus rhythm was not achieved. Therefore, standard maze IV surgery may be the best choice in patients with AFL and SHD.
An unusual association of adenocarcinoma and isolated tuberculosis of prostate gland
Authors: Tapsoba Abdoul Kader , Rahoui Moez , Bibi Mokhtar , Chelly Beya , Ouanes Yassine , Chaker Kays , Dali Kheireddine Mrad , Sellami Ahmed , Rhouma Sami Ben , Nouira Yassine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of prostate is the most common primary prostatic malignancy in the world. Isolated prostate tuberculosis is an uncommon type of tuberculosis. Concomitant occurrence of both conditions is extremely rare. We report two cases of adenocarcinoma and tuberculosis of the prostate. The patients were 83 and 74 years old, respectively. They presented obstructive and irritative symptoms of the lower urinary tract. The prostatic finding and prostate-specific antigen were abnormals. The diagnosis of prostatic tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma was made by histologic analysis after transurethral resection of prostate. The treatment is based on chemotherapy anti-tuberculosis and hormonotherapy. Tuberculosis and malignancy may co-exist in some cases and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, especially in patients from endemic areas, in order to initiate early and proper treatment.
Abscisic acid activation of oleosin geneHvOle3expression prevents the coalescence of protein storage vacuoles in barley aleurone cells
Authors: Lee Sung-eun , Yoon In Sun , Hwang Yong-sic 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProtein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in aleurone cells coalesce during germination, and this process is highly coupled with mobilization of PSV reserves, allowing de novo synthesis of various hydrolases in aleurone cells for endosperm degradation. Here we show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) oleosins, the major integral proteins of oleosomes are encoded by four genes (HvOle1 to 4), and the expression of HvOle1 and HvOle3 is strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), which shows antagonism to gibberellic acid. In aleurone cells, all HvOLEs were subcellularly targeted to the tonoplast of PSVs. Gain-of-function analyses revealed that HvOLE3 effectively delayed PSV coalescence, whereas HvOLE1 only had a moderate effect, with no notable effect of HvOLE2 and 4. With regard to longevity, HvOLE3 chiefly outperformed other HvOLEs, followed by HvOLE1. Experiments swapping the N- and C-terminal domain between HvOLE3 and other HvOLEs showed that the N-terminal region of HvOLE3 is mainly responsible, with some positive effect by the C-terminal region, for mediating the specific preventive effect of HvOLE3 on PSV coalescence. Three ACGT-core elements and the RY-motif were responsible for ABA induction of HvOle3 promoter activity. Transient expression assays using aleurone protoplasts demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the HvOle3 promoter was mediated by transcription factors HvABI3 and HvABI5, which acted downstream of protein kinase HvPKABA1.
Intravenous Fluid Bag as a Substitute for Gel Standoff Pad in Musculoskeletal Point-of-care Ultrasound
Authors: Mount Cristin , Taylor David , Skinner Carl , Grogan Scott 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a tool undergoing expanding use in military medicine, including routine inpatient, outpatient, and operational environments. Specific musculoskeletal POCUS examinations require additional equipment in the form of a standoff assist device to maximize image acquisition. These devices may not be readily available to POCUS users in more austere or resource-constrained environments. We devised a study to determine if intravenous fluid bags of various volumes could be substituted for standard standoff devices in musculoskeletal POCUS.

Materials and Methods
Sequential images of a soft tissue foreign body model, an interphalangeal joint, and a chest wall were taken using a gel standoff pad or water bath and compared to images acquired using three different sizes of intravenous fluid bags after removing excess air from the bags. Images were de-identified and scored for quality using a visual analog scale. We used a two-factor analysis of variance without replication to analyze the differences in image quality between standoff devices, with a P-value less than.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
We performed 13 POCUS studies and had a group of eight POCUS-trained physicians and physician assistants score these studies, resulting in 104 total quality scores. There was no significant difference in image quality between standoff devices for chest (P-value.280) and hand (P-value 0.947) images. We found a significant difference in image quality between standoff devices for the soft tissue foreign body model (P-value 0.039), favoring larger intravenous fluid bag standoff over standard devices.

Conclusions
In the absence of a standard commercial gel standoff device or water bath, intravenous fluid bags of 50, 100, and 250 mL can facilitate quality image acquisition for musculoskeletal POCUS.
Cosmopsychism, Coherence, and World-Affirming Monism
Authors: Shani Itay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores cosmopsychism’s explanatory aspirations from a programmatic perspective. The bulk of the text consists of an argument in favor of the conclusion that cosmopsychism suffers from no insurmountable individuation problem (IND). I argue that the widespread tendency to view IND as a mirror-image of micropsychism’s combination problem (CP) is mistaken. In particular, what renders CP insolvable, namely, the commitment to the coupling of phenomenal constitution with phenomenal inclusion, is, from the standpoint of cosmopsychism, an entirely nonmandatory assumption. I proceed to show that severing this unhappy coupling is the key for defending cosmopsychism against the charge of theoretical incoherence. Moreover, I argue that successful defense against such accusation could be mounted regardless of whether or not we assume cosmic consciousness to be perspectival in nature. In addition, the paper touches upon another foundational issue: cautioning against the popular tendency to identify cosmopsychism’s monism with a mereological unity-in-diversity, and motivating an alternative conception which I call generative monism. Finally, as befitting this volume, I pause to reflect upon the question of which schools of Hindu philosophy might tally best, and connect most fruitfully, with cosmopsychism as I understand it.