bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of blood type on the mortality of patients with severe abdominal trauma: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Takayama Wataru , Endo Akira , Murata Kiyoshi , Hoshino Kota , Kim Shiei , Shinozaki Hiroharu , Harada Keisuke , Nagano Hiroaki , Hagiwara Masahiro , Tsuchihashi Atsuhito , Shimada Nagato , Kitamura Naomi , Kuramoto Shunsuke , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFew studies have investigated the relationship between blood type and trauma outcomes according to the type of injury. We conducted a retrospective multicenter observational study in twelve emergency hospitals in Japan. Patients with isolated severe abdominal injury (abbreviated injury scale for the abdomen ≥ 3 and that for other organs < 3) that occurred between 2008 and 2018 were divided into four groups according to blood type. The association between blood type and mortality, ventilator-free days (VFD), and total transfusion volume were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression models. A total of 920 patients were included, and were divided based on their blood type: O, 288 (31%); A, 345 (38%); B, 186 (20%); and AB, 101 (11%). Patients with type O had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than those of other blood types (22% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). This association was observed in multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.48 [1.25–2.26], p = 0.012). Furthermore, type O was associated with significantly higher cause-specific mortalities, fewer VFD, and larger transfusion volumes. Blood type O was associated with significantly higher mortality and larger transfusion volumes in patients with isolated severe abdominal trauma.
Experimental and molecular dynamics studies of an ultra-fast sequential hydrogen plasma process for fabricating phosphorene-based sensors
Authors: Rajabali M. , Asgharyan H. , Naeini V. Fadaei , Boudaghi A. , Zabihi B. , Foroutan M. , Mohajerzadeh S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow concentration phosphorene-based sensors have been fabricated using a facile and ultra-fast process which is based on an exfoliation-free sequential hydrogen plasma treatment to convert the amorphous phosphorus thin film into mono- or few-layered phosphorene sheets. These sheets have been realized directly on silicon substrates followed by the fabrication of field-effect transistors showing the low leakage current and reasonable mobility for the nano-sensors. Being capable of covering the whole surface of the silicon substrate, red phosphorus (RP) coated substrate has been employed to achieve large area phosphorene sheets. Unlike the available techniques including mechanical exfoliation, there is no need for any exfoliation and/or transfer step which is significant progress in shortening the device fabrication procedure. These phosphorene sheets have been examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Electrical output in different states of the crystallization as well as its correlation with the test parameters have been also extensively used to examine the evolution of the phosphorene sheets. By utilizing the fabricated devices, the sensitivity of the phosphorene based-field effect transistors to the soluble L-Cysteine in low concentrations has been studied by measuring the FET response to the different concentrations. At a gate voltage of − 2.5 V, the range of 0.07 to 0.60 mg/ml of the L-Cysteine has been distinguishably detected presenting a gate-controlled sensor for a low-concentration solution. A reactive molecular dynamics simulation has been also performed to track the details of this plasma-based crystallization. The obtained results showed that the imparted energy from hydrogen plasma resulted in a phase transition from a system containing red phosphorus atoms to the crystal one. Interestingly and according to the simulation results, there is a directional preference of crystal growth as the crystalline domains are being formed and RP atoms are more likely to re-locate in armchair than in zigzag direction.
Multi-qubit correction for quantum annealers
Authors: Ayanzadeh Ramin , Dorband John , Halem Milton , Finin Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present multi-qubit correction (MQC) as a novel postprocessing method for quantum annealers that views the evolution in an open-system as a Gibbs sampler and reduces a set of excited states to a new synthetic state with lower energy value. After sampling from the ground state of a given (Ising) Hamiltonian, MQC compares pairs of excited states to recognize virtual tunnels—i.e., a group of qubits that changing their states simultaneously can result in a new state with lower energy value—and successively converges to the ground state. Experimental results using D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealers demonstrate that MQC finds samples with notably lower energy values and improves the reproducibility of results when compared to recent hardware/software advances in the realm of quantum annealing, such as spin-reversal transforms, classical postprocessing techniques, and increased inter-sample delay between successive measurements.
No species-level losses of s2m suggests critical role in replication of SARS-related coronaviruses
Authors: Gilbert Clément , Tengs Torstein 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe genetic element s2m has been acquired through horizontal transfer by many distantly related viruses, including the SARS-related coronaviruses. Here we show that s2m is evolutionarily conserved in these viruses. Though several lineages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) devoid of the element can be found, these variants seem to have been short lived, indicating that they were less evolutionary fit than their s2m-containing counterparts. On a species-level, however, there do not appear to be any losses and this pattern strongly suggests that the s2m element is essential to virus replication in SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the function of s2m.
Fractional model for MHD flow of Casson fluid with cadmium telluride nanoparticles using the generalized Fourier’s law
Authors: Sheikh Nadeem Ahmad , Ching Dennis Ling Chuan , Khan Ilyas , Sakidin Hamzah Bin , Jamil Muhammad , Khalid Hafiz Usman , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present work used fractional model of Casson fluid by utilizing a generalized Fourier’s Law to construct Caputo Fractional model. A porous medium containing nanofluid flowing in a channel is considered with free convection and electrical conduction. A novel transformation is applied for energy equation and then solved by using integral transforms, combinedly, the Fourier and Laplace transformations. The results are shown in form of Mittag-Leffler function. The influence of physical parameters have been presented in graphs and values in tables are discussed in this work. The results reveal that heat transfer increases with increasing values of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, while the velocity of the nanofluid decreases with the increasing values of volume fraction of these particles.
Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
Authors: Nguyen Hoa , Ybarra Abraham , Başağaoğlu Hakan , Shindell Orrin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determined a priori from measurements reported in the literature. Biofilm growth occurs at the biofilm-fluid interface by a stochastic rule that depends on the local nutrient concentration. We compare the growth, migration, and morphology of viscoelastic biofilms with a common relaxation time of 18 min over the range of elastic moduli 10–1000 Pa in different nearby nutrient source configurations. Simulations with shear flow and an upstream or a downstream nutrient source indicate that soft biofilms grow more if nutrients are downstream and stiff biofilms grow more if nutrients are upstream. Also, soft biofilms migrate faster than stiff biofilms toward a downstream nutrient source, and although stiff biofilms migrate toward an upstream nutrient source, soft biofilms do not. Simulations without nutrients show that on the time scale of several hours, soft biofilms develop irregular structures at the biofilm-fluid interface, but stiff biofilms deform little. Our results agree with the biophysical principle that biofilms can adapt to their mechanical and chemical environment by modulating their viscoelastic properties. We also compare the behavior of a purely elastic biofilm to a viscoelastic biofilm with the same elastic modulus of 50 Pa. We find that the elastic biofilm underestimates growth rates and downstream migration rates if the nutrient source is downstream, and it overestimates growth rates and upstream migration rates if the nutrient source is upstream. Future modeling can use our comparison to identify errors that can occur by simulating biofilms as purely elastic structures.
Identification of Maturity-Onset-Diabetes of the Young (MODY) mutations in a country where diabetes is endemic
Authors: Al-Kandari Hessa , Al-Abdulrazzaq Dalia , Davidsson Lena , Nizam Rasheeba , Jacob Sindhu , Melhem Motasem , John Sumi Elsa , Al-Mulla Fahd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenetic variants responsible for Maturity-Onset-Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in Kuwait were investigated. A newly established a National Referral Clinic, the Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI-NRC), assessed forty-five members from 31 suspected MODY families by whole exome sequencing. Thirty-three of the 45 samples were independently sequenced at the DDI-NRI, Exeter University, UK (https://www.diabetesgenes.org/) using targeted 21-gene panel approach. Pathogenic mutations in GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B, HNF4A, and PDX1 confirmed MODY in 7 families, giving an overall positivity rate of 22.6% in this cohort. Novel variants were identified in three families in PDX1, HNF1B, and HNF1B. In this cohort, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay did not add any value to MODY variant detection rate in sequencing negative cases. In highly selected familial autoantibody negative diabetes, known MODY genes represent a minority and 77.3% of the familial cases have yet to have a causal variant described.
Transportation protocols for accurate assessment of microbial burden classification using molecular methods
Authors: Kung Amelia , Chen Jade , Tomasek Michael , Liu Dakai , Rodgers William , Gau Vincent 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoint-of-care testing is cost-effective, rapid, and could assist in avoiding hospital visits during a pandemic. However, they present some significant risks that current technologies cannot fully address. Skin flora contamination and insufficient specimen volume are two major limitations preventing self-collection microbiological testing outside of hospital settings. We are developing a hybrid testing procedure to bridge the laboratory test with patient-side specimen collection and transportation for molecular microbial classification of causative bacterial infection and early identification of microbial susceptibility profiles directly from whole blood or urine specimens collected patient-side by health care workers such as phlebotomists in nursing homes or family clinics. This feasibility study presents our initial development efforts, in which we tested various transportation conditions (tubes, temperature, duration) for direct-from-specimen viable pathogen detection to determine the ideal conditions that allowed for differentiation between contaminant and causative bacteria in urine specimens and optimal growth for low-concentration blood specimens after transportation. For direct-from-urine assays, the viable pathogen at the clinical cutoff of 105 CFU/mL was detected after transportation with molecular assays while contaminants (≤ 104 CFU/mL) were not. For direct-from-blood assays, contrived blood samples as low as 0.8 CFU/mL were reported positive after transportation without the need for blood culture.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 level is a poor diagnostic indicator of growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Iwayama Hideyuki , Kitagawa Sachiko , Sada Jyun , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Hayakawa Tomohito , Kuroyanagi Yoshiyuki , Muto Taichiro , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Ohashi Wataru , Takagi Junko , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for screening growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to determine the usefulness of IGF-1 as a screening test. Among 298 consecutive children who had short stature or decreased height velocity, we measured IGF-1 levels and performed growth hormone (GH) secretion test using clonidine, arginine, and, in cases with different results of the two tests, L-dopa. Patients with congenital abnormalities were excluded. GHD was defined as peak GH ≤ 6.0 ng/mL in the two tests. We identified 60 and 238 patients with and without GHD, respectively. The mean IGF-1 standard deviation (SD) was not significantly different between the GHD and non-GHD groups (p = 0.23). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy at an IGF-1 cutoff of − 1.493 SD, with 0.685 sensitivity, 0.417 specificity, 0.25 positive and 0.823 negative predictive values, and 0.517 area under the curve. Correlation analysis revealed that none of the items of patients’ characteristics increased the diagnostic power of IGF-1. IGF-1 level had poor diagnostic accuracy as a screening test for GHD. Therefore, IGF-1 should not be used alone for GHD screening. A predictive biomarker for GHD should be developed in the future.
Increased frequency of Th17 cells and IL-17 levels are associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Authors: Bhadricha Hetal , Patel Vainav , Singh Amit Kumar , Savardekar Lalita , Patil Anushree , Surve Suchitra , Desai Meena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the chronic and often neglected bone diseases in aging postmenopausal women that affect the quality of life. Studies on ovariectomized mice models indicated the reciprocal role of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the aetiology of osteoporosis. While Th17 cells promote osteoclastogenesis, Treg cells exhibit anti-osteoclastogenic activity. This exploratory study aimed to determine the difference in the frequency of these T-cell subtypes in pre-and postmenopausal women and to examine their association with BMD. In our study, the frequency of Treg cells, analyzed by flow cytometry, did not differ between pre-and postmenopausal women. However, plasma levels of IL-10 along with IL-10+CD4+T cells were higher in post- compared to premenopausal women. The frequency of Th17 cells was higher in postmenopausal women irrespective of their BMD, however, only postmenopausal women with low BMD had elevated IL-17 levels and their T-scores were associated with Th17 frequency. Collectively, the results suggest that estrogen insufficiency in postmenopausal women may lead to increased Th17 cell frequency and elevated IL-17 levels which are associated with low BMD. This study highlights, Th17 cells and IL-17 as key players in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and they can be the potential targets for immunotherapy in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Explainable DCNN based chest X-ray image analysis and classification for COVID-19 pneumonia detection
Authors: Hou Jie , Gao Terry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo speed up the discovery of COVID-19 disease mechanisms by X-ray images, this research developed a new diagnosis platform using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) that is able to assist radiologists with diagnosis by distinguishing COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID-19 pneumonia in patients based on chest X-ray classification and analysis. Such a tool can save time in interpreting chest X-rays and increase the accuracy and thereby enhance our medical capacity for the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19. The explainable method is also used in the DCNN to select instances of the X-ray dataset images to explain the behavior of training-learning models to achieve higher prediction accuracy. The average accuracy of our method is above 96%, which can replace manual reading and has the potential to be applied to large-scale rapid screening of COVID-9 for widely use cases.
Constructing highly sensitive ratiometric nanothermometers based on indirectly thermally coupled levels
Authors: Wang Yubin , Lei Lei , Liu Enyang , Cheng Yao , Xu Shiqing 
Published: August 2021

By means of the temperature-dependent phonon assisted non-radiative relaxation, the Er3+: 4I13/2 is indirectly thermally coupled with 4S3/2 one under NIR excitation, and the maximum relative sensitivity is up to 3.76% K−1 at 295 K.
Highly regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of C-Aryl glycosides via nickel-catalyzed ortho-C–H glycosylation of 8-aminoquinoline benzamides
Authors: Shi Wei-Yu , Ding Ya-Nan , Zheng Nian , Gou Xue-Ya , Zhang Zhe , Chen Xi , Luan Yu-Yong , Niu Zhi-Jie , Liang Yong-Min 
Published: August 2021

A novel and cost-effective nickel catalyzed ortho-CAr–H glycosylation reaction with high regioselectivity and excellent α-selectivity is described.
A novel neurotensin/xenin fusion peptide enhances β-cell function and exhibits antidiabetic efficacy in high-fat fed mice
Authors: Perry Rachele A. , Craig Sarah. L. , Gault Victor A. , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neurotensin and xenin possess antidiabetic potential, mediated in part through augmentation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), action. In the present study, fragment peptides of neurotensin and xenin, acetyl-neurotensin and xenin-8-Gln, were fused together to create Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln. Following assessment of enzymatic stability, effects of Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln on in vitro β-cell function were studied. Subchronic antidiabetic efficacy of Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln alone, and in combination with the clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4, was assessed in high-fat fed (HFF) mice. Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln was highly resistant to plasma enzyme degradation and induced dose-dependent insulin-releasing actions (P&lt;0.05 to P&lt;0.01) in BRIN-BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln augmented (P&lt;0.001) the insulinotropic actions of GIP, while possessing independent β-cell proliferative (P&lt;0.001) and anti-apoptotic (P&lt;0.01) actions. Twice daily treatment of HFF mice with Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln for 32 days improved glycaemic control and circulating insulin, with benefits significantly enhanced by combined exendin-4 treatment. This was reflected by reduced body fat mass (P&lt;0.001), improved circulating lipid profile (P&lt;0.01) and reduced HbA1c concentrations (P&lt;0.01) in the combined treatment group. Following an oral glucose challenge, glucose levels were markedly decreased (P&lt;0.05) only in combination treatment group and superior to exendin-4 alone, with similar observations made in response to glucose plus GIP injection. The combined treatment group also presented with improved insulin sensitivity, decreased pancreatic insulin content as well as increased islet and β-cell areas. These data reveal that Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln is a biologically active neurotensin/xenin fusion peptide that displays prominent antidiabetic efficacy when administered together with exendin-4.
Hierarchical clustering framework for facility location selection with practical constraints
Authors: Lin Tianze , Liu Yang , Liu Boyang , Wang Yu , Wu Shengnan , Zhe Wenming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFacility location selection plays a critical role in the planning of logistics networks. It selects the addresses of facility nodes from a candidate set of locations to optimise multiple targets such as transportation efficiency and economic cost considering the practical constraints of the real world. Thus, it is often formulated as a combinational optimisation problem, which is solved by either mixed integer programing algorithms or heuristic methods. However, these approaches are limited by several issues such as a high computational cost and weak generalisation flexibility. In this work, a novel hierarchical clustering framework is proposed for facility location selection, which can flexibly support a wide variety of optimisation targets and the combinations of multiple practical constraints that are vital in the real logistics scenarios. Beyond the original hierarchical clustering algorithm, it incorporates a looking‐forward mechanism that alleviates the ‘greedy trap’ by utilising global information. These advantages enable the proposed method to generate reliable solutions with high time efficiency. As demonstrated by the experimental results on real JD Logistics data, the proposed method outperforms the widely adopted GGA and VNS algorithms. It also has a much lower computation cost compared to the SCIP solver, while the quality of solutions are within an acceptable range.
Plant uptake of CO2outpaces losses from permafrost and plant respiration on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wei Da , Qi Yahui , Ma Yaoming , Wang Xufeng , Ma Weiqiang , Gao Tanguang , Huang Lin , Zhao Hui , Zhang Jianxin , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceCold regions contain vast stores of permafrost carbon. Rapid warming will cause permafrost to thaw and plant respiration to accelerate, with a resultant loss of CO2, but could also increase the fixation of CO2by plants. A network of 32 eddy covariance sites on the Tibetan Plateau, which has the largest store of alpine permafrost carbon on Earth, shows that this region functions as a net CO2sink. Our sensitivity analyses, experiments, and model simulations consistently showed that the fixation of CO2by plants outpaces the loss of CO2from permafrost and accelerates plant respiration. This indicates a plant-dominated CO2balance on the Tibetan Plateau, which could provide a negative feedback to climate warming.
Cloud cooling effects of afforestation and reforestation at midlatitudes
Authors: Cerasoli Sara , Yin Jun , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Afforestation and reforestation are among the most appetible natural climate solutions, but their actual benefits are still unclear at midlatitudes (some studies have even claimed to be detrimental). We combine satellite data and atmospheric boundary-layer models to show that the wider occurrence of clouds over forests, compared to other types of land cover, implies a clear benefit of afforestation and reforestation at midlatitudes, which was previously unaccounted for.
Layering transitions and metastable structures of cholesteric liquid crystals in cylindrical confinement
Authors: Eun Jonghee , Pollard Joseph , Kim Sung-Jo , Machon Thomas , Jeong Joonwoo 
Published: August 2021

Significance
A material’s topology is more than its shape. It governs the material’s physical properties, such as how it interacts with acoustic waves and transports charge carriers. Utilizing liquid crystals (LCs) and their defects, researchers have pursued understanding topological aspects of condensed matter. Our work discusses the topological properties of cholesteric LCs that twist spontaneously. The traditional topological descriptions of LC do not extend to a complete characterization of cholesterics, and yet they often exhibit behavior with a strong topological and geometric character. We show that a more subtle chiral topology, protected by nonvanishing twist, can be used to define new topological numbers and understand these systems’ behavior, including the metastability, layering transitions, and soliton structures that traditional invariants cannot describe.