bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of three defoliation frequency treatments and drought on perennial ryegrass herbage and root growth and water‐soluble carbohydrate reserves
Authors: Tozer Katherine N. , Greenfield Rose M. , Cameron Catherine A. , Upsdell Martin P. , Hume David E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundGrazing approaches are needed to increase the resilience of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)‐based pastures subject to increasing drought stress. One opportunity has focused on seedhead management in late spring. Paddock‐level studies demonstrated increased pasture resilience when ryegrass seedheads are allowed to mature, but knowledge is lacking on how defoliation management affects plant carbohydrate status and hence resilience in the sward.MethodsA glasshouse study was conducted from spring to autumn using 1 m deep root tubes. Plant growth and water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves were measured every 4–6 weeks. Defoliation treatments comprised “VEGETATIVE”—regular defoliation based on leaf stage and trimmed to 4 cm; “FLOWERING”—no defoliation spring to anthesis; and “SENESCENT”—no defoliation spring to reproductive tiller senescence. Thereafter, regular defoliation was carried out for all treatments until the end of the study. From spring to the end of summer, plants were watered daily in WET (no drought, well watered) and on four occasions in DRY (drought) treatments, with daily watering thereafter.ResultsHerbage mass, tillering, root depth, root mass, and WSC were generally higher in SENESCENT than VEGETATIVE with FLOWERING intermediate (p < 0.05). Nutritive values were similar in VEGETATIVE and FLOWERING, but in SENESCENT, metabolizable energy and crude protein declined and neutral detergent fiber increased (p < 0.05). Soil moisture effects were small, with the DRY treatment resulting in moderate suppression of herbage growth and a minor reduction in WSC reserves (p < 0.05).ConclusionsResults were consistent with field studies and recommendations to allow perennial ryegrass tillers to set seed to improve pasture resilience.
Towards an Understanding of the Dentate Gyrus Hilus
Authors: Scharfman Helen E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor many years, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) was a mystery because anatomical data suggested a bewildering array of cells without clear organization. Moreover, some of the anatomical information led to more questions than answers. For example, it had been identified that one of the major cell types in the hilus, the mossy cell, innervates granule cells (GCs). However, mossy cells also targeted local GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, it was not yet clear if mossy cells were glutamatergic or GABAergic. This led to many debates about the role of mossy cells. However, it was clear that hilar neurons, including mossy cells, were likely to have very important functions because they provided strong input to GCs. Hilar neurons also attracted attention in epilepsy because pathological studies showed that hilar neurons were often lost, but GCs remained. Vulnerability of hilar neurons also occurred after traumatic brain injury and ischemia. These observations fueled an interest to understand hilar neurons and protect them, an interest that continues to this day. This article provides a historical and personal perspective into the ways that I sought to contribute to resolving some of the debates and moving the field forward. Despite several technical challenges the outcomes of the studies have been worth the effort with some surprising findings along the way. Given the growing interest in the hilus, and the advent of multiple techniques to selectively manipulate hilar neurons, there is a great opportunity for future research.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Urban Flooding Using Municipal Reports
Authors: DeSousa Stacie , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Kelleher Christa , Livneh Ben 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUrban flooding is an increasing threat to cities and resident well‐being. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) typically reports losses attributed to flooding which result from a stream overtopping its banks, discounting impacts of higher frequency, lower impact flooding that occurs when precipitation intensity exceeds the capacity of a drainage system. Despite its importance, the drivers of street flooding can often be difficult to identify, given street flooding data scarcity and the multitude of storm, built environment, and social factors involved. To address this knowledge gap, this study uses 922 street flooding reports to the city in Denver, Colorado, USA from 2000 to 2019 in coordination with rain gauge network data and Census tract information to improve understanding of spatiotemporal drivers of urban flooding. An initial threshold analysis using rainfall intensity to predict street flooding had performance close to random chance, which led us to investigate other drivers. A logistic regression describing the probability of a storm leading to a flood report showed the strongest predictors of urban flooding were, in descending order, maximum 5‐min rainfall intensity, population density, storm depth, storm duration, median tract income, and stormwater pipe density. The logistic regression also showed that rainfall intensity and population density are nearly as important in determining the likelihood of a flood report incidence. In addition, topographic wetness index values at locations of flooding reports were higher than randomly selected points. A linear regression predicting the number of reports per area identified percent impervious as the single most important predictor. Our methodologies can be used to better inform urban flood awareness, response, and mitigation and are applicable to any city with flood reports and spatial precipitation data.
Synchronous bilateral Wilms tumors are prone to develop independently and respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Tao Ting , Liu Shuangai , He Min , Zhao Manli , Chen Chen , Peng Jinkai , Wang Yilong , Cai Jiabin , Xiong Jieni , Lai Can , Gu Weizhong , Ying Meidan , Mao Junqing , Li Linjie , Jia Xuan , Wu Xuan , Peng Wanxin , Zhang Xiang , Li Yong , Li Tao , Wang Jinhu , Shu Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWilms tumor (WT) is the most common kidney cancer in infants and young children. The determination of the clonality of bilateral WTs is critical to the treatment, because lineage‐independent and metastatic tumors may require different treatment strategies. Here we found synchronous bilateral WT (n = 24 tumors from 12 patients) responded differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Transcriptome, whole‐exome and whole‐genome analysis (n = 12 tumors from 6 patients) demonstrated that each side of bilateral WT was clonally independent in terms of somatic driver mutations, copy number variations and transcriptomic profile. Molecular timing analysis revealed distinct timing and patterns of chromosomal evolution and mutational processes between the two sides of WT. Mutations in WT1, CTNNB1 and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity of 11p15.5 provide possible genetic predisposition for the early initiation of bilateral WT. Our results provide comprehensive evidence and new insights regarding the separate initiation and early embryonic development of bilateral WT, which may benefit clinical practices in treating metastatic or refractory bilateral WT.
Safety and adherence to self‐administered intravaginal 5‐fluorouracil cream following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 treatment among HIV‐positive women in Kenya: A phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Omoto Jackton , Ogollah Cirilus , Owaya Antony , Rop Mercy , Rota Gershon , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Tang Jennifer H. , Rahangdale Lisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety, tolerance, and adherence to self‐administered intravaginal 5% fluorouracil (5FU) cream as adjuvant therapy following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3) treatment among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Kenya.MethodsA phase I pilot trial was performed among 12 WLWH in Kenya, aged 18–49 years between March 2023 and February 2024 (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT05362955). Participants self‐administered 2 g of 5FU intravaginally every other week for eight applications. Safety was assessed using a standardized grading scale, and adherence was evaluated using self‐report, inspection of used applicators, and weighing of the study drug.ResultsThe mean age and CD4 count were 43.9 years and 781 cells/mm3, respectively. Seven (58%) had an eighth‐grade education or less. All 12 reported at least one grade I adverse event (AE), one (8%) reported a grade 2 AE, no grade 3 or 4 AEs were reported. Increased vaginal discharge (n = 9, 75%) and irritation (n = 5, 42%), with a mean duration of 3.2 and 2.8 days, respectively, were the most commonly reported AEs. Provider‐observed AEs included grade 1 cervical erythema and superficial abrasions. All participants tolerated all eight 5FU doses, and 96% adherence was demonstrated.ConclusionSelf‐administered 5FU following CIN2/3 treatment among WLWH in Kisumu, Kenya, was safe, tolerable, and associated with high adherence. Randomized trials are needed to investigate whether adjuvant 5FU can improve treatment outcomes or serve as primary cervical precancer treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa. A self‐administered therapy may be transformative in increasing access to treatment and, hence, secondary prevention of cervical cancer.
Guanotrophy: Waterbirds Pay for Using Resources at Their Wintering Habitats
Authors: Mukherjee Arkajyoti , Pal Sudin , Adhurya Sagar , Mukhopadhyay Subhra Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNutrients present in the guano of the aquatic birds might alter the water quality and nutrient loading in the wetland ecosystem. We recorded the changes in waterbird abundance for two consecutive wintering seasons, October–March (2018–2019 and 2019–2020), in four wetlands of Bankura and Purulia district, West Bengal, India, on Central Asian and East Asian‐Australasian Flyways. The monthly variation in the water parameters, along with total guano and nutrient loadings by waterbirds, were evaluated during the study. Waterbird species varied from 37 to 61 in these wetlands. Guano loading in the study tenure ranged from 50.2 to 2979.1 kg month−1, depending on the wetland resources and the abundance of waterbird species. In most cases, total guano loading showed significant positive correlations with total N and P loading and, consequently, NO3 and PO4 concentrations in water. In all four wetlands, guano and nutrients added by herbivorous waterbirds were significantly higher than carnivorous and omnivorous waterbirds due to the much higher abundance of herbivorous waterbirds. Linear regression analyses showed that the abundance of the wintering waterbird community significantly impacted the nitrate and phosphate availability in most of the sites. Sustainable management of these wetlands depends on the delicate balance of guanotrophic nutrient enrichment and habitat fitness to attract migratory waterbirds.
A 5G LAN Testbed for Hybrid Industrial IoT Scenarios
Authors: Cruz Diogo , Cruz Tiago , Pereira Vasco , Simões Paulo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe the conception and implementation of a high‐fidelity 5G testbed for 5G Local Area Networks (LANs). This testbed comprises a combination of real, emulated and virtualized components that enable R&D activities such as exploring use cases, integrating components, and infrastructure management. This environment has undergone an experimental assessment of its functional characteristics and performance, using an Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem over 5G.
Succinate Regulates Exercise‐Induced Muscle Remodelling by Boosting Satellite Cell Differentiation Through Succinate Receptor 1
Authors: Shi Yifan , Zhou Da , Wang Haoyang , Huang Longchang , Gao Xuejin , Maitiabula Gulisudumu , Zhang Li , Wang Xinying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkeletal muscle remodelling can cause clinically important changes in muscle phenotypes. Satellite cells (SCs) myogenic potential underlies the maintenance of muscle plasticity. Accumulating evidence shows the importance of succinate in muscle metabolism and function. However, whether succinate can affect SC function and subsequently coordinate muscle remodelling to exercise remains unexplored.MethodsA mouse model of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) was used to investigate the effects of succinate on muscle remodelling and SC function by exercise capacity test and biochemical methods. Mice with succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)‐specific knockout in SCs were generated as an in vivo model to explore the underlying mechanisms. RNA sequencing of isolated SCs was performed to identify molecular changes responding to succinate‐SUCNR1 signalling. The effects of identified key molecules on the myogenic capacity of SCs were investigated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in vitro. To support the translational application, the clinical efficacy of succinate was explored in muscle‐wasting mice.ResultsAfter 21 days of HIIT, mice supplemented with 1.5% succinate exhibited striking gains in grip strength (+0.38 ± 0.04 vs. 0.26 ± 0.03 N, p < 0.001) and endurance (+276.70 ± 55.80 vs. 201.70 ± 45.31 s, p < 0.05), accompanied by enhanced muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular junction regeneration (p < 0.001). The myogenic capacity of SCs was significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle of mice supplemented with 1% and 1.5% succinate (+16.48% vs. control, p = 0.008; +47.25% vs. control, p < 0.001, respectively). SUCNR1‐specific deletion in SCs abolished the modulatory influence of succinate on muscle adaptation in response to exercise, revealing that SCs respond to succinate–SUCNR1 signalling, thereby facilitating muscle remodelling. SUCNR1 signalling markedly upregulated genes associated with stem cell differentiation and phosphorylation pathways within SCs, of which p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK; fold change = 6.7, p < 0.001) and protein kinase C eta (PKCη; fold change = 12.5, p < 0.001) expressions were the most enriched, respectively. Mechanistically, succinate enhanced the myogenic capacity of isolated SCs by activating the SUCNR1–PKCη–p38α MAPK pathway. Finally, succinate promoted SC differentiation (1.5‐fold, p < 0.001), ameliorating dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy in mice (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings reveal a novel function of succinate in enhancing SC myogenic capacity via SUCNR1, leading to enhanced muscle adaptation in response to exercise. These findings provide new insights for developing pharmacological strategies to overcome muscle atrophy–related diseases.
Intrinsic Muscle Stem Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Impaired Regeneration in the mdx Mouse
Authors: Esper Marie E. , Brun Caroline E. , Lin Alexander Y. T. , Feige Peter , Catenacci Marie J. , Sincennes Marie‐Claude , Ritso Morten , Rudnicki Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting that leads to diminished lifespan. In addition to the inherent weakness of dystrophin‐deficient muscle, the dysfunction of resident muscle stem cells (MuSC) significantly contributes to disease progression.MethodsUsing the mdx mouse model of DMD, we performed an in‐depth characterization of disease progression and MuSC function in dystrophin‐deficient skeletal muscle using immunohistology, isometric force measurements, transcriptomic analysis and transplantation assays. We examined the architectural and functional changes in mdx skeletal muscle from 13 and 52 weeks of age and following acute cardiotoxin (CTX) injury. We also studied MuSC dynamics and function under homeostatic conditions, during regeneration post‐acute injury, and following engraftment using a combination of histological and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsDystrophin‐deficient skeletal muscle undergoes progressive changes with age and delayed regeneration in response to acute injury. Muscle hypertrophy, deposition of collagen and an increase in small myofibres occur with age in the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm muscles in mdx mice. Dystrophic mdx mouse TA muscles become hypertrophic with age, whereas diaphragm atrophy is evident in 1‐year‐old mdx mice. Maximum tetanic force is comparable between genotypes in the TA, but maximum specific force is reduced by up to 38% between 13 and 52 weeks in the mdx mouse. Following acute injury, myofibre hyperplasia and hypotrophy and delayed recovery of maximum tetanic force occur in the mdx TA. We also find defective MuSC polarity and reduced numbers of myocytes in mdx muscle following acute injury. We observed a 50% and 30% decrease in PAX7+ and MYOG+ cells, respectively, at 5 days post CTX injury (5 dpi) in the mdx TA. A similar decrease in mdx progenitor cell proportion is observed by single cell RNA sequencing of myogenic cells at 5 dpi. The global expression of commitment‐related genes is also reduced at 5 dpi. We find a 46% reduction in polarized PARD3 in mdx MuSCs. Finally, mdx MuSCs exhibit elevated PAX7+ cell engraftment with significantly fewer donor‐derived myonuclei in regenerated myofibres.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that dystrophin deficiency in MuSCs and myofibres together contributes to progression of DMD. Ongoing muscle damage stimulates MuSC activation; however, aberrant intrinsic MuSC polarity and stem cell commitment deficits due to the loss of dystrophin impair muscle regeneration. Our study provides in vivo validation that dystrophin‐deficient MuSCs undergo fewer asymmetric cell divisions, instead favouring symmetric expansion.
Mapping the Landscape of Autism Research: A Scientometric Review (2011–2023)
Authors: Mahajan Pratibha , Patil Deven , Nair Nidhi , Musmade Nishant , Apte Preet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis scientometric analysis maps the landscape of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research between 2011 and 2023. By exploring patterns in publication growth, geographic distribution and institutional involvement, this study highlights evolving research themes, key contributors and collaborative networks. Our findings reveal a marked rise in ASD publications, particularly from 2020 onwards, with the United States, United Kingdom and China leading in contributions and collaborations. Scientometric analysis identifies a shift towards advanced machine learning techniques and neuroimaging in ASD studies, reflecting technological integration in research. Institutional analysis uncovers Vanderbilt University and Yale University as major contributors, with significant citation impacts across their publications. Furthermore, prominent funding sources, including the National Institutes of Health, underscore the critical role of funding in shaping research priorities. This comprehensive scientometric overview not only consolidates current knowledge but also serves as a resource to inform future research directions, enhancing interdisciplinary approaches to ASD understanding and intervention.
Lutein Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Role on Schizophrenia‐Like Behaviours in Mice
Authors: Aziziha Helia , Hassanpour Shahin , Zendehdel Morteza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is an esteemed neuropsychiatric condition delineated by the manifestation which role of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is important. Lutein administration exhibits protective effects via NMDA receptors. Thus, the main goal of this research was to investigate how lutein can possibly act as an antioxidant and provide protection for the brain against schizophrenia‐like behaviours in mice. In total, 24 male mice were divided into four experimental groups: control, ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p), lutein (10 mg/kg, i.p) and a mix of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p) and lutein (10 mg/kg, i.p). Lutein was given to the mice for 30 days, while ketamine was given from Days 16 to 30 to create a model of schizophrenia in the animals. After giving drugs, schizophrenia‐like behaviours were evaluated with novel object recognition test (NORT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and open field tests. Furthermore, the amounts of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed. The findings showed a noteworthy decrease in the crossings during the open field test and increase in immobility duration in the TST and FST as a result of ketamine administration (p < 0.05). Prior administration of lutein showed a decrease in the detrimental effects of ketamine on the open field assay, along with a reduction in immobility duration in the TST and FST experiments (p < 0.05). Administration of ketamine caused a notable reduction in the discrimination index, while pretreatment with lutein was associated with a rise in the discrimination index (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of ketamine significantly increased the levels of MDA in both cortical and subcortical regions, which were then reduced by lutein pretreatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, ketamine use led to a significant decrease in tissue SOD, GPx and CAT levels in both cortical and subcortical brain regions in mice (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, lutein pretreatment significantly enhanced SOD, GPx and CAT levels in cortical and subcortical regions (p < 0.05). These results indicate that lutein may have protective effects on the brain to improve behavioural problems.
Prenatal Exposure to Quercetin Protects Against Methimazole‐Induced Reflexive Motor Behavior and Oxidative Stress Markers in Mouse Offspring
Authors: Zahedi Sara , Hassanpour Shahin , Mashhadyrafie Seeyamak 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuercetin is a natural flavonoid and one of the most powerful antioxidants. Due to its wide range of biological properties, it may improve cognitive and physical performance by affecting nervous tissue. The current study is aimed at determining the effect of prenatal exposure to quercetin against methimazole (MMI)‐induced hypothyroidism on reflexive motor behavior in mouse offspring. In this study, 40 female mice were mated with 12 fertile male NMRI mice, and the pregnant mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the control, Group 2 received 0.2% MMI in drinking water, Group 3 received 150 mg/kg quercetin via gavage, and Group 4 received both 0.2% MMI in drinking water and 150 mg/kg quercetin via gavage from Days 1 to 9 of gestation. The offspring were assessed for reflexive motor behaviors and conditioned fear. Catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the neonates were also examined. The findings indicated that exposure to quercetin led to improved ambulation, hindlimb suspension, grip strength, front‐limb suspension, hindlimb foot angle, negative geotaxis, surface righting, and conditioned fear behaviors in the offspring (p < 0.05). Additionally, quercetin reduced levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, GPx, and CAT in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). These results suggested that quercetin exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant levels in mouse offspring.
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzo[6,7]Cyclohepta[1,2‐b]Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]Pyridines
Authors: Abdallah Zeinab A. , Abdelfattah Ahmed M. , Ahmed Ahmed A. M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel ring system, benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐9‐amines was efficiently synthesized. For that, 4‐(aryl)‐2‐thioxo‐2,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitriles were chosen as valuable intermediates. These synthons were reacted with the respective hydrazonyl chlorides in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction was stirred at 50°C for 1–1.5 to afford a novel series of 2‐oxo‐N‐phenylpropanehydrazonothioates in 82%–89% yields. Heating of the previous hydrazonothioates in an ethanolic sodium ethanolate solution under reflux for 2–3 h yielded a novel series of 8,11‐diphenyl‐5,6,7,11‐tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐9‐amines in 77%–86% yields. The structures of the novel products were elucidated by elemental‐analyses and spectral data.