bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent Association Between Frailty and Fear of Falling in Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using a Secondary Analysis
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Park JungAh , Baek Seung-Hoon 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the independent association between the fear of falling (FOF) and frailty in Korean older adults after hip fracture surgery.Methods: The study included 149 participants. Participants were asked to provide general characteristics and complete walking speed, grip strength, frailty, and Short Falls Efficacy Scale‐International assessments. A binary logistic regression model was used to investigate the independent association of the FOF with frailty.Results: Among the participants, 49% were found to be prefrail and 24.8% were frail. Additionally, 86.5% reported a moderate to severe FOF. Participants with a FOF were 1.23 times more likely to be frail, and those aged 85 years and older were 13.25 times more likely to be frail.Conclusion: This study’s findings serve as a basis for developing and applying interventions to reduce frailty in older adults after hip fracture surgery. These interventions should consider the oldest‐old (≥ 85 years) age group when they are designed.
Does ‘Ecocide’ Provide a Viable Option to Address the Gravest Crimes against the Marine Environment?
Authors: Goettsche-Wanli Gabriele , Müller Johannes-Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent main global scientific assessments underscore the alarming deteriorating state of the marine environment. Following an overview of pressures and threats, which are widespread and severe or serious, and relevant policy outcomes, this article evaluates the effectiveness of the international legal regime in addressing these pressures and threats, highlighting implementation, compliance, and enforcement challenges. Some recent developments to address crimes against the environment will be highlighted, in particular initiatives to develop and define a crime of ecocide at international and national levels. Based on the existing definitions of ecocide, the article analyses whether ecocide could be applied in a marine context, with particular attention given to thresholds and the nature of the act. It then considers the potential application in a marine context of some of the components of the definitions of ecocide, with bottom trawling selected for a deeper analysis.
Study on the preparation of fully thermoplastic composite sandwich structure by non-isothermal molding process and its bending properties
Authors: Guo Da , Li Yong , Wang Wuqiang , Zhu Kang , Liu Hao 
Published: January 2025

The sandwich structure is widely used in bearing and performance because of its high strength, lightweight, and functional integration. Thermoplastic composites have excellent toughness, impact resistance, and damage tolerance. In this paper, (CGF/PP) is used as a panel, and PP is used as the core material. The fully thermoplastic composite sandwich structure panel and core material are melted and connected through the non-isothermal molding process of high-temperature mold forming a low-temperature workpiece. The effects of the heating temperature of the heating plate, the heating time of the sample, the pressure applied during the cooling and forming process, and their coupling on the quality of the face-core connection were studied by the response surface method. The failure mode of the sample after peeling was studied. The stiffness of the whole structure was characterized by a three-point bending test, and the influence of different plate layers on the stiffness of the sandwich structure was discussed. The results show that the optimum process combination is that the heating temperature of the high-temperature die is 262°C, the heating time is 14 s, and the cooling forming pressure is 0.08 MPa. In the three-point bending test, the sandwich structure of the three-layer plate has the largest specific stiffness.
Predicting the heat pump readiness of existing heating systems in the UK using diagnostic boiler data
Authors: Childs Laurence , Bennett George , Watson Stephen , Wilson Grant 
Published: January 2025

Decarbonisation of domestic heating in the UK is expected to involve widespread replacement of gas boilers with heat pumps. This transition requires a reduction in heating system flow temperature for the heat pump to operate efficiently, which can necessitate costly radiator or fabric upgrades to provide sufficient heat. The requirements for existing dwelling and heating systems to have these upgrades therefore directly impacts the “heat pump readiness” of the UK stock. This paper applies a novel approach in using diagnostic data for approximately 4600 boilers to evaluate the viability of installing heat pumps with no changes made to the existing radiators or fabric. Results indicate that 31% of dwellings in the sample could operate with Low Temperature Heat Pumps (LTHPs) without upgrades to radiators or fabric, or up to two thirds with High Temperature Heat Pumps (HTHPs), whereas previous analysis using surveys has found that radiator upgrades are almost always needed. Therefore, the costs and disruption of heat pump roll out could be substantially lower than previously predicted, and the use of real heating system performance data could supplement survey-based assessments of heat pump readiness to help identify more accurately where upgrades are needed. Practical application Current design practices almost always lead to replacement of existing radiators when switching a gas boiler for a heat pump. However, analysis of diagnostic data from approximately 4600 boilers in the UK suggests this may not be entirely necessary. This measured heating system data indicates that up to two-thirds of UK dwellings could operate with High Temperature Heat Pumps (HTHPs) without upgrading existing radiators. Henceforth, development of data-driven testing procedures for the design of future heating systems has significant potential to facilitate rapid heat pump deployment at a national scale, a crucial step in decarbonising buildings in the UK.
Cardiac Rehabilitation for Persons with Stroke: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Ruff Jessica , Udeh Belinda , Linder Susan 
Published: January 2025

Objective To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program in individuals with stroke compared with customary care. Design A Markov model was created using a 30-year time horizon, with cycle lengths of 1 year to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program in persons with stroke. Input parameters were based on recently published literature. Health states were defined as degree of disability evaluated by the modified Rankin scale score. Costs were based on recent cost-effectiveness analyses and inflated to 2024 US Dollars using the medical care component of the US Consumer Price Index. Setting Outpatient ambulatory setting Participants Persons with mild disability after ischemic stroke Intervention A model comparing cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care was created. Main Measures Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were used to measure the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care. The cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care was compared with respect to incremental costs, incremental effectiveness, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results Cardiac rehabilitation was the superior strategy, resulting in higher incremental effectiveness of 3.28 QALY at an increased incremental cost of $5704. The ICER was $1740/QALY. A two-way sensitivity analysis of these variables had no change, with cardiac rehab remaining the optimal strategy. Conclusions While numerous studies and systematic analyses have reported compelling evidence of the clinical benefits of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with stroke, the current study contributes to the existing body of literature, demonstrating that cardiac rehabilitation is also cost-effective in the stroke population.
Return to Play After Arthroscopic Superior Labral Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rowe Dana G. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Bethell Mikhail A. , Lorentz Samuel G. , Meyer Alex M. , Klifto Christopher S. , Lau Brian C. , Taylor Dean C. , Dickens Jonathan F. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Superior labral tears are common shoulder injuries among athletes, and for athletes undergoing surgical intervention, one of the main priorities is to return to preinjury levels of activity in a timely manner. However, the literature surrounding return to play after superior labral repair presents inconsistent results, with limited studies evaluating the timing of return to play. Purpose: To systematically review the rate and timing of return to play in athletes after arthroscopic superior labral repair. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible for inclusion were clinical studies reporting on return to play after arthroscopic superior labral repair. Subgroup analysis was conducted for overhead and collision athletes as well as for return to duty among military personnel. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager to compare superior labral repair to biceps tenodesis in the subset of studies comparing these treatments directly. A P value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: This review identified 42 studies including 1759 unique cases meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were male (76.7%), with a mean age of 31.5 years (range, 15-75 years) and a mean follow-up of 50.4 months. The overall rate of return to sport was 77.5%, with 68.2% returning to the same level at a mean of 8.2 months. In overhead athletes, the overall rate of return to play was 69.9% and the rate of return to preinjury level was 55.5%. In collision and contact athletes, the overall rate of return to play was 77.2% and the rate of return to preinjury level was 70.2%. Among military personnel, the overall rate of return to duty was 83.4%, and 81.7% returned to preinjury level at a mean of 4.4 months. In the studies comparing return to play after superior labral repair and biceps tenodesis, a nonsignificant difference was found (risk ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-1.00; I2 = 13%; P = .05). Conclusion: Overall, nearly a quarter of athletes were unable to return to play after arthroscopic superior labral repair. However, a high rate of return to duty was found among the military population treated with arthroscopic superior labral repair.
Evaluation of facings and sandwich properties of carbon fiber/epoxy-PVC foam sandwich composites: Comparison of VARI co-cure and precure manufacturing methods
Authors: Ahmadi Rijal , Wirawan Riza , Judawisastra Hermawan 
Published: January 2025

The manufacturing process of sandwich composites using vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) can be achieved in a one-step infusion process (co-cure). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the properties of the facing and sandwich composites manufactured by the VARI co-cure method. The sandwich composite was fabricated by VARI co-cure and precure for comparison using carbon fiber-epoxy as the facing and PVC foam as the core material. Thickness measurement, fiber volume fraction test, and tensile test were conducted to evaluate the facing properties. The flexural properties of the sandwiches and the effect of different plies on the facing and sandwich properties were also analyzed. The thickness of the co-cure facing is thicker and more varied than the precure. In addition, for the co-cure sandwich, the vacuum bag side (upper) facing has higher thickness and thickness variation than the mold side (lower) facing. The tensile strength of the co-cure facing is lower than the precure facing, which is 433–490 MPa (upper) and 455–521 MPa (lower) compared to 467–538 MPa (precure). The flexural and shear rigidity of the co-cure sandwich is affected by the side of the facing (upper/lower) exposed to tension or compression normal stress as a result of differences in facing properties on both sides. The specific flexural stiffness of the co-cure sandwich was lower by 17.09–45.19 MN-cm5/g compared to the precure of 16.86–46.83 MN-cm5/g due to a combination of increased flexural rigidity and the addition of density to the co-cure sandwich. Increasing facing plies from 2 to 6 plies results in an increase in facing thickness (166%) and thickness variation (477%), an increase in the fiber volume fraction of facing (11%), resulting in an increase in tensile modulus (12%) and strength (14%) of facing as well as increased stiffness of flexural (339%) and shear (42%) of sandwich.
The Detrimental Effect of Stroke on Motor Adaptation
Authors: Abram Sabrina J. , Tsay Jonathan S. , Yosef Heran , Reisman Darcy S. , Kim Hyosub E. 
Published: January 2025

Background While it is evident that stroke impairs motor control, it remains unclear whether stroke impacts motor adaptation—the ability to flexibly modify movements in response to changes in the body and the environment. The mixed results in the literature may be due to differences in participants’ brain lesions, sensorimotor tasks, or a combination of both. Objective We first sought to better understand the overall impact of stroke on motor adaptation and then to delineate the impact of lesion hemisphere and sensorimotor task on adaptation poststroke. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing individuals poststroke to neurotypical controls, with each group consisting of over 200 participants. Results We found that stroke impairs motor adaptation ( d = −0.63; 95% confidence interval [−1.02, −0.24]), and that the extent of this impairment did not differ across sensorimotor tasks but may vary with the lesioned hemisphere. Specifically, we observed greater evidence for impaired adaptation in individuals with left hemisphere lesions compared to those with right hemisphere lesions. Conclusions This review not only clarifies the detrimental effect of stroke on motor adaptation but also underscores the need for finer-grained studies to determine precisely how various sensorimotor learning mechanisms are impacted. The current findings may guide future mechanistic and applied research at the intersection of motor learning and neurorehabilitation.
Revision wrist arthroplasty strategies
Authors: Cash Thomas , Talwalkar Sumedh 
Published: January 2025

Wrist arthrodesis performed to salvage a failed total wrist arthroplasty can be challenging owing to bone loss and poor soft tissue quality. This article focuses on the evidence base and our experience as a tertiary unit in managing this cohort of patients. A systematic and meticulous approach is required to attempt to minimize complications. Level of evidence: V
Social-Emotional Ability of Chinese College Students: “Fragile, Lying Flat” or “Rising Wave, Positive”?
Authors: Gao (高迎爽) Yingshuang , Wang (王涛) Tao 
Published: January 2025

Purpose Social-emotional ability is an important human basis for the sustainable development of society. At present, researchers are focusing on the improvement of primary and secondary school students’ social-emotional ability. This study explores the current situation of college students’ social-emotional ability. Design/Approach/Methods Based on the existing questionnaires on social-emotional ability in primary and secondary schools, we examined the universality of social-emotional ability along with the unique development of college students and developed a questionnaire on social-emotional ability for college students. Research was conducted on students in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions (excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Chinese Taiwan) in China, and 4,720 valid questionnaires were obtained. Findings It was found that the college students’ social emotions are at the upper-middle level, showing a “rising wave, positive” state, but their tenacity needs to be further improved. Education level, gender, type of university, origin, family affiliation, and teacher–student relationships significantly affect college students’ social-emotional ability. Originality/Value This study contributed a social-emotional questionnaire designed for Chinese local discourse, and identified the current social-emotional ability of college students in China.
Advancing therapeutic strategies for graft-versus-host disease by targeting gut microbiome dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Azhar Ud Din Muhammad , Lin Yan , Lyu Changkun , Yi Chengxue , Fang Anning , Mao Fei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a highly effective therapy for malignant blood illnesses that pose a high risk, as well as diseases that are at risk due to other variables, such as genetics. However, the prevalence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has impeded its widespread use. Ensuring the stability of microbial varieties and associated metabolites is crucial for supporting metabolic processes, preventing pathogen intrusion, and modulating the immune system. Consequently, it significantly affects the overall well-being and susceptibility of the host to disease. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may experience a disruption in the balance between the immune system and gut bacteria when treated with medicines and foreign cells. This can lead to secondary intestinal inflammation and GVHD. Thus, GM is both a reliable indicator of post-transplant mortality and a means of enhancing GVHD prevention and treatment after allo-HSCT. This can be achieved through various strategies, including nutritional support, probiotics, selective use of antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to target gut microbes. This review examines research advancements and the practical use of intestinal bacteria in GVHD following allo-HSCT. These findings may offer novel insights into the prevention and treatment of GVHD after allo-HSCT.
Mixture of Experts Framework Based on Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm for Highway Decision-Making of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Yao Fuxing , Sun Chao , Lu Bing , Wang Bo , Yu Haiyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDecision-making of connected and automated vehicles (CAV) includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency, characterized by complex scenarios, strong uncertainty, and high real-time requirements. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios, and generalization abilities. However, it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and costs. This paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method (MoE) based on Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input state. To further enhance the performance of the DRL expert, a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function, preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations occur. In order to minimize collision and off-road rates, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes (MOBIL) strategy are designed by heuristic experts. Finally, tested in typical simulation scenarios, MOE shows a 13.75% improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action space. It ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.
Collecting perspectives on project prioritisation process in the EU co-funded multinational partnership for the assessment of risks from chemicals (PARC) through focus group discussion
Authors: Permana Katya Manuella , Tannous Maria , Mouaziz Hanna , Sanders Pascal , Bonvallot Nathalie , Rousselle Christophe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
The European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) is a 7-year multinational partnership aimed at consolidating and strengthening European Union’s (EU) research and innovation capacity for chemical risk assessment (RA) to protect human health and the environment. It consists of nine work packages (WP) involving more than 200 participating organisations from 29 countries. PARC is currently mapping the most relevant needs in the field of European chemical RA to steer PARC’s future activities in the coming years. The present study aims to gather the perspectives of WP/Task/Project Leaders of PARC to understand their experience during the first prioritisation round of PARC activities and to identify potential points of improvement for future rounds.

Methods
Three online 90-min focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted between the 3rd and 9th of May 2023. Each session was attended by 4-5 participants with at least one representative from each PARC WPs 4, 5 and 6 (n = 13). The sessions were recorded and transcribed, then analysed in NVivo 12 software using thematic analysis.

Results
Some important aspects for the prioritisation of activities that were mentioned include: (1) having a transparent prioritisation process even though each WP might need different prioritisation criteria, (2) balancing the fulfilment of short-term regulatory needs and anticipating long-term needs in chemical RA, (3) maintaining alignment and synergy between the WPs and with other relevant EU initiatives to avoid duplication and to ensure continuity of work and (4) making sure that PARC can effectively respond to requests from different PARC stakeholders.

Conclusions
The next round of PARC research activity steering process will provide an opportunity to implement the various improvements identified. PARC should utilise the advantage of having stakeholders from different backgrounds (e.g., risk assessors, policymakers, regulatory bodies, academia, etc.) within its consortium and its advising bodies to prioritise projects and activities that will support its overall objectives. These recommendations could also be of interest outside PARC in the context of prioritising research and innovation needs related to chemical RA.
Crisdesalazine alleviates inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis mouse model by regulating the immune system
Authors: Park Su-Min , Oh Yong-Hun , Lim Ga-Hyun , An Ju-Hyun , Lee Jin-Hwan , Gwag Byoung-Joo , Won So-Jung , Seo Kyoung-Won , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroglia/macrophages participate in the development of and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the macrophage M1 (pro-inflammatory)/M2 (anti-inflammatory) phase transition is involved in EAE disease progression. We evaluated the efficacy of crisdesalazine (a novel microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor) in an EAE model, including its immune-regulating potency in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and its neuroprotective effects in a macrophage-neuronal co-culture system. Crisdesalazine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord, and altered the phase of microglial/macrophage and regulatory T cells. Crisdesalazine promoted the M1 to M2 phase transition in macrophages (immunomodulation) and reduced neuronal necrosis (neuroprotection) in vitro. This is the first study to directly demonstrate the therapeutic effects of a microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor in an EAE model and its ability to alter macrophage polarization, suggesting that it may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of patients affected by multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.