bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative effectiveness of two expanding bullet designs in young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus): A randomised controlled field study in the Norwegian harp seal hunt
Authors: Ryeng KA , Larsen SE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of a rapidly expanding Bonded hunting bullet and an explosively expanding Varmint bullet in young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). The study was conducted as an open, controlled and randomised parallel-group designed field trial. The animals were pre-randomised (1:1) into one explosively expanding (Varmint) and one expanding (Bonded) bullet type group, with 75 animals in each. The study sample consisted of young, weaned harp seals, 2-7 weeks of age, of both sexes, from the Greenland Sea harp seal population. The study was conducted during the regular hunt. Instantaneous death rate (IDR) and time to death (TTD) were the main variables. The observed IDR was 84% in both bullet groups. Correcting for Weather Condition Index, the IDR for the Varmint bullet was significantly higher compared to the Bonded. The mean TTD was shortest in the Varmint group, but the difference did not reach significance. Compared to the Bonded, a significantly higher total cranial damage score and bleeding intensity, and significantly lower frequencies of bullet exit wounds were detected in the Varmint group. The post mortem reflex movements caused by the Varmint bullet were significantly more powerful with longer duration and higher frequencies of clonic contractions. In conclusion, the results indicate a higher effectiveness of the Varmint bullet relative to the Bonded. The Varmint bullet may thus improve animal welfare in the hunt of young harp seals.
Perceptions of animal welfare and exotic pet ownership in China
Authors: Weldon AV , Campera M , Zhang X , Ni Q , Zhu WW , Nijman V , Nekaris KAI 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChina plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, as both a biodiversity hotspot and for its role in international and domestic animal trade. Efforts to promote wildlife conservation have sparked interest in the attitudes held by Chinese citizens towards animals. Using a questionnaire, we sought to investigate the attitudes of 317 Chinese nationals across 22 provincial-level administrative units regarding their uses of animals, their perceived emotional capacities and views on exotic pets. We reduced the variables related to perceived uses of animals via Principal Component Analysis and ran Generalised Linear Models and Structural Equation Modelling to test relationships between questionnaire-derived variables. Perceptions of animals were divided into two Kellert categories — Utilitarian and Humanistic uses — and 97% of participants believed in animals’ capacities to have and express emotions. We found few interactions, with exotic pets, ie playing with or taking photographs, but the acceptability of owning an exotic pet influenced the likelihood of purchasing one. A belief that animals express emotions encouraged people to look for them as pets but thinking that pets make people happy made exotic pet ownership less acceptable. The shift in attitudes to include humanistic perceptions of animals, a belief in animals as emotive beings and understanding of terminology changed from the previous utilitarian views of pre-reform China, suggesting a readiness to embrace further conservation efforts in China. This deeper understanding of Chinese attitudes toward animals and drivers of the exotic pet trade within China may enable conservation efforts to better target future campaigns.
Development of Process Technology for Laxative Biscuits
Authors: Srivastava S. , Tapre A. R. , Jain Mayank 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The main objective of this study was to develop the whole wheat flour based castor oil fortified biscuits as per the maximum safe daily dosage of castor oil requirement for adults.
Study Design: In the present investigation attempts were made to prepare the whole wheat flour based castor oil fortified biscuits. As per the maximum safe daily dosage of castor oil requirement for adults, different levels of castor oil viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 56% were tried to prepare acceptable quality biscuit based on sensory parameters. The effect of variable amounts of castor oil in the biscuit formulation on dough and biscuit texture was also studied
Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were done in Department of Food Processing Technology, A D Patel Institute of technology, Gujarat (India) and completed within 8 months.
Methodology: The texture profile analysis for dough and biscuit samples prepared with varying levels of castor oil was carried out using texture analyser. Sensory evaluation of the prepared biscuit samples with varying % of castor oil was carried out for consumer acceptance and preference using semi-trained and consumer panelists.
Results: Dough with castor oil was observed to be significantly harder and less sticky. The hardness of the biscuits decreased with the increase in the level of substitution of castor oil. Overall acceptability of biscuits sample with 56% castor oil was the highest as compared to other samples and was significantly better than the control sample.
Conclusion: Overall acceptability of biscuits sample with 56% castor oil was the highest as compared to other samples and was significantly better than the control sample.
Screening for anemia in pregnancy with copper sulfate densitometry
Authors: Pistorius L.R. , Funk M. , Pattinson R.C. , Howarth G.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The copper sulfate method of screening for anemia was evaluated to determine its accuracy in antenatal patients. Method: In an antenatal clinic in a tertiary referral center, which also serves a local urban black community, 100 antenatal patients were prospectively tested for anemia by Coulter hemoglobin analysis in comparison with the copper sulfate test. The respective accuracy and costs of the tests were evaluated. Results: Once initial technical difficulties had been overcome, the copper sulfate test proved accurate in detecting a hemoglobin level <10 g% in pregnancy (sensitivity 94%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 99%). The cost of the copper sulfate test is estimated to be less than 0.3% that of the Coulter test. Conclusion: The copper sulfate test is accurate and inexpensive, and can be recommended for screening for anemia in pregnancy.
Approximate solutions of the incompressible Euler equations with no concentrations
Authors: Lopes Filho Milton C , Tadmor Eitan , Nussenzveig Lopes Helena J 
Published: July 2002

We present a sharp local condition for the lack of concentrations in (and hence the

L^2

convergence of) sequences of approximate solutions to the incompressible Euler equations. We apply this characterization to greatly simplify known existence results for 2D flows in the full plane (with special emphasis on rearrangement invariant regularity spaces), and obtain new existence results of solutions without energy concentrations in any number of spatial dimensions.

Our results identify the ‘critical’ regularity which prevents concentrations, regularity which is quantified in terms of Lebesgue, Lorentz, Orlicz and Morrey spaces. Thus, for example, the strong convergence criterion cast in terms of circulation logarithmic decay rates due to DiPerna and Majda is simplified (removing the weak control of the vorticity at infinity) and extended (to any number of space dimensions).
Our approach relies on using a generalized div-curl lemma (interesting for its own sake) to replace the role that elliptic regularity theory has played previously in this problem.

Résumé

On présente une condition locale optimale qui garanti l’inéxistence de concentrations dans des suites de solutions approchées de l’équation d’Euler incompressible (ce qui prouve leur convergence

L^2

). A l’aide de cette caractérisation on simplifie de façon substantielle les résultats d’existence connus pour les flots 2D dans tout le plan (on insiste tout particulièrement sur les espaces de régularité invariants par réarrangement). On démontre de nouveaux résultats d’existence sans concentrations d’énergie en dimension supérieure.

Notre résultat précise la régularité critique qui empèche l’apparition de concentrations. Cette régularité est quantifiée grâce aux spaces de Lebesgue, Lorentz, Orlicz et Morrey. Ainsi, par exemple, le critère de convergence forte basé dans les termes de circulation logarithmique de corrélations dus à DiPerna et Majda sont simplifiés (en éliminant le contrôle faible de la vorticité à l’infini) et généralisés (en dimension supérieure).
Notre approche est basée sur l’utilisation d’un lemme div-curl généralisé (qui présente un intéret en soi-même) qui remplace le rôle de la régularité elliptique qui était utilisée auparavant.
A singular Gierer–Meinhardt system of elliptic equations
Authors: Choi Y.S , McKenna P.J 
Published: July 2002

We establish the existence of solutions to a singular non-quasimonotone system of equations. Such equations are a special case of the Gierer–Meinhardt equations. In the one dimensional case, the uniqueness result is also proved.

Résumé
Nous établissons içi l’existence des solutions d’un système d’équations singulières non-quasimonotones. Ces équations forment un cas spécial des équations de Gierer–Meinhardt. En dimension un, nous demontrons aussi l’unicité des solutions.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the subacromial bursa is increased in patients with impingement syndrome
Authors: Yanagisawa K. , Hamada K. , Gotoh M. , Tokunaga T. , Oshika Y. , Tomisawa M. , Lee Y. Hwan , Handa A. , Kijima H. , Yamazaki H. , Nakamura M. , Ueyama Y. , Tamaoki N. , Fukuda H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is known to be an angiogenetic factor, plays an important role in the inflammation of synovial tissue. To investigate the relationships between VEGF and clinical symptoms in rotator cuff disease, VEGF expression was examined using RT‐‐PCR and immunohistochemical analysis in 50 patients with this disease (26 with full‐thickness cuff tear, 12 with partial‐thickness tear, and 12 with subacromial bursitis). VEGF mRNA expression was detected in 40 out of 50 patients by RT—PCR. VEGF mRNA expression was found more frequently in the patients with motion pain (39 out of 41) than in those without motion pain (1 out of 9) with statistical significance (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). Thirty‐one out of 33 patients with synovial proliferation showed VEGF mRNA expression, whereas the expression of this transcript was found in 9 out of 17 patients without synovial proliferation. This association with synovial proliferation was also significant (Fisher's test, P = 0.0013). Thirty out of 41 patients with motion pain had synovial proliferation but 3 out of 9 patients without motion pain had synovial proliferation. In all these 30 patients with both motion pain and synovial proliferation, VEGF mRNA expression was detected. This association between motion pain and synovial proliferation was also significant (Fisher's test, P < 0.05). The mean vessel count and area in subacromial bursa expressing VEGF was significantly higher than in those without VEGF (Mann‐Whitney's U test, P < 0.01). These results suggested that VEGF expression is associated with vascularity, synovial proliferation and shoulder motion pain in the rotator cuff disease. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Long-term effects of topiramate on bipolar mood instability, weight change and glycemic control: a case-series
Authors: Roy Chengappa K.N. , Levine J. , Rathore D. , Parepally H. , Atzert R. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTopiramate is an antiepileptic agent, which is being investigated as a mood-stabilizer. Three obese individuals with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder and type II diabetes mellitus received topiramate treatment in combination with antipsychotics and valproate or carbamazepine. In addition to improved mood stability, these individuals lost between 16 to 20.5% of their pre-topiramate body weight and also achieved significant glycemic control.
Plasma N‐terminal pro BNP and cardiotrophin‐1 are elevated in aortic stenosis
Authors: Talwar Suneel , Downie Paul F. , Squire Iain B. , Davies Joan E. , Barnett David B. , Ng Leong L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Echocardiography with Doppler examination of the aortic valve provides a very accurate assessment of the transvalvular gradient and is used to monitor progression of aortic stenosis (AS). Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been shown to correlate with end‐systolic wall stress in patients with AS.Aim:We hypothesized that plasma N‐terminal proBNP (NT proBNP) and a newly identified cytokine cardiotrophin‐1 (CT‐1), which has been shown to stimulate BNP production at a transcriptional level are elevated in patients with AS and correlate to the maximum trans‐valvular aortic pressure gradient (TVPG).Method:We compared plasma NT proBNP and CT‐1 in 15 AS patients [five males, mean age 79 years [range 60–94], mean TPVG 39.3 mmHg (20–100)] with 10 controls (five male, mean age 68 years [56–79]). Results are expressed as mean [ranges] and comparisons were by the Mann–Whitney test.Results:NT proBNP levels were elevated in AS patients [252.9 fmol/ml (79.2–541.8)] when compared with the controls (157.2 fmol/ml [104.7–236.9], P < 0.005). Also CT‐1 levels were elevated in AS patients (57.3 fmol/ml [33–86.3] when compared with the controls [28.3 fmol/ml (6.9–48.3), P < 0.0005]. Both NT proBNP and CT‐1 levels were correlated to the TVPG (r = 0.53 and r = 0.65, P < 0.05 and P = 0.009, respectively). On best subset analysis the strongest correlate with TVPG was CT‐1 (R2 = 38%). The addition of NT proBNP did not improve diagnostic accuracy (R2 = 39%).Conclusion:These results suggest NT proBNP and CT‐1 levels increase in proportion to the TVPG and could potentially be used to monitor progression of disease non‐invasively. These markers may also be useful to identify the optimum time for surgery in AS.
Dual‐Active‐Center of Polyimide and Triazine Modified Atomic‐Layer Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Li Storage
Authors: Zhao Genfu , Li Huani , Gao Zhihui , Xu Lufu , Mei Zhiyuan , Cai Sheng , Liu Tingting , Yang Xiaofei , Guo Hong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received great attention as electrode materials in the lithium‐ion batteries due to their exceptional crystallinity, easily chemical modification, and adjustable porous distribution. However, their practical application remains hindered by the insufficient Li+ active sites and long ion diffusion in the bulk materials. To tackle those issues, combining the virtues of high stable skeleton structure of large molecular, atomic‐layer thickness feature, and multi‐active sites, a novel atomic‐layer COF cathode (denoted as E‐TP‐COF) with a dual‐active‐center of CO and CN group is developed. The atomic‐layer thick structure improves the capturing and diffusion of Li‐ion. Both active sites of CN and CO groups generate more capacity. The large molecular structure avoids the dissolubility challenge in electrolytes. As a result, the lithium‐ion batteries assembled with E‐TP‐COF delivers a high initial capacity of 110 mAh g−1 with a high capacity retention of 87.3% after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the Li+ diffusion mechanism is also confirmed through in(ex) situ technology and density functional theory calculation in detailing. This new strategy may exploit an important application of COFs in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
ZIF‐67 Loaded on Fe3O4‐MnO2 as Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activator for Rapid Degradation of Carbamazepine
Authors: Dong Limei , Li Yiming , Chen Xiuping , Zhang Dan , Guan Yihao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoor sorption capacity and low biodegradability of carbamazepine (CBZ) lead to the difficulties in CBZ removal from water. Sulfate radical‐based advanced oxidation process shows great potential for organic pollutant removal. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate great potential in catalytic field due to their excellent properties. Hence, cobalt‐based metal organic framework (ZIF‐67) nanoparticles are loaded on Fe3O4‐MnO2 composite, and then this composite is applied as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for CBZ degradation. The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance because of the central metal cobalt of ZIF‐67 and the synergistic effect between MnO2 and ZIF‐67. 81% of CBZ with a high initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 is rapidly removed from water within 2.5 min. The prepared catalyst can be convenient to recycle under magnetic field while maintaining its high catalytic stability. Degradation mechanism analysis indicates that both •OH and SO4•− contribute to CBZ degradation, but SO4•− is the main radical species. XPS spectra reveal that Co(II)/Co(III), Mn(II)/Mn(III)/Mn(IV), and Fe(II)/Fe(III) are involved in PMS activation. The degradation pathway is put forward based on the detection of intermediates. This study provides a new inspiration for the fabrication of magnetic metal oxide‐MOFs catalysts with outstanding recycling performance for PMS activation.
A Snapshot of Microfluidics in Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics: Multifaceted Integrity with Materials and Sensors
Authors: Akceoglu Garbis Atam , Saylan Yeşeren , Inci Fatih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver four decades, point‐of‐care (POC) technologies and their pivotal applications in the biomedical arena have increased irrepressibly and allowed to realize the potential of portable and accurate diagnostic strategies. Today, in the light of these advances, POC systems dominate the medical inventions and bring the diagnostics to the bedside settings, potentially minimizing the workload in the centralized laboratories, as well as remarkably reducing the associated‐cost and time. In contrast to the conventional technologies, microfluidics paves the way to create more efficient and applicable POC diagnostic devices through their inherent fashions such as minute volume of samples, easy manipulations, shorter assay time, and low‐cost production. In this review, the current status and advancements of microfluidic systems along with the current limitations in the aspect of POC diagnostic strategies are elaborated. Further, the integration of novel materials and innovative sensing platforms to the microfluidic systems are comprehensively evaluated to address the real‐world challenges for diagnosing various maladies at the POC settings.
Leaf‐Inspired Flexible Thermoelectric Generators with High Temperature Difference Utilization Ratio and Output Power in Ambient Air
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhu Kang , Li Jun , Li Qikai , Deng Biao , Zhang Pengxiang , Wang Qi , Guo Chuanfei , Wang Weichao , Liu Weishu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inherently small temperature difference in air environment restricts the applications of thermoelectric generation in the field of Internet of Things and wearable electronics. Here, a leaf‐inspired flexible thermoelectric generator (leaf‐TEG) that makes maximum use of temperature difference by vertically aligning poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and constantan thin films is demonstrated. Analytical formulae of the performance scales, i.e., temperature difference utilization ratio (φth) and maximum output power (Pmax), are derived to optimize the leaf‐TEG dimensions. In an air duct (substrate: 36 °C, air: 6 °C, air flowing: 1 m s−1), the 10‐leaf‐TEG shows aφthof 73% andPmaxof 0.38 µW per leaf. A proof‐of‐concept wearable 100‐leaf‐TEG (60 cm2) generates 11 µW on an arm at room temperature. Furthermore, the leaf‐TEG is flexible and durable that is confirmed by bending and brushing over 1000 times. The proposed leaf‐TEG is very appropriate for air convection scenarios with limited temperature differences.
Current Rectification, Resistive Switching, and Stable NDR Effect in BaTiO3/CeO2 Heterostructure Devices
Authors: Rehman Shania , Kim Honggyun , Patil Harshada , Kadam Kalyani D. , Sagar Rizwan Ur Rehman , Aziz Jamal , Um Doo‐Seung , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Kim Deok‐kee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectronic devices with simultaneous manifestation of multiphysical properties are of great interest due to their possible application in multifunctional devices. In the present study, simultaneous execution of negative differential resistance (NDR) effect, current rectification (≈105), and resistive switching characteristics (≈103) are demonstrated in BaTiO3/CeO2 heterostructure. Although the negative differential effect has gained huge attention, its instability and poor reproducibility at room temperature are the main obstacles to its possible application in electronic devices. However, in this report, the NDR is observed even after hundreds of cycles in BaTiO3/CeO2 heterostructure at 300 K. For a detailed analysis of the NDR effect, AC conductance spectroscopy is performed, which reveals that the presence of NDR is associated with trapping/detrapping of charge carriers at interface states formed at the BaTiO3/CeO2 interface. In addition, the resistive switching and rectification effect are demonstrated due to a barrier at the BaTiO3/CeO2 interface, which can be strongly modulated by thickness (20, 50, and 80 nm) based ferroelectric polarization of BaTiO3. However, the results show that the remarkable performance of these devices makes them a potential candidate for application in multifunctional devices.
Rational Anode Engineering Enables Progresses for Different Types of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Zeng Miao , Li Yixin , Liu Tao , Luo Zhenghui , Xu Ye , Li Ping , Zheng Nan , Li Jianfeng , Li Yuan , Chen Runfeng , Hou Jianhui , Huang Fei , Yan He 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnode modification is vital for improving device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). PEDOT:PSS is the most widely applied hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs. In this work, three kinds of modified HTLs, namely PEDOT:PSS‐PA, PEDOT:PSS‐TA, and PEDOT:PSS‐DA are readily prepared via simple doping of phenylethylamine derivatives into commercially available Al 4083, by modulating the number of hydroxyl groups on the adulterant molecules. All of them exhibit enhanced work functions (WFs) and conductivities. Matching with PM6:Y6 composed active layers, PEDOT:PSS‐TA based devices achieves the highest performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.10%, while the PM6:ITC‐2Cl system demonstrates a highest PCE of 14.17% in devices with PEDOT:PSS‐DA, and the optimal PCE of PM6:PIDTC‐T based OSCs is equal to 9.55% while the HTL is PEDOT:PSS‐PA. Further investigations reveal that the different adulterants formed various amount of hydrogen bonds in HTLs, inducing dissimilar interfacial morphology and mobility, and thus unidentical degrees of change in recombination. Afterwards, the doping strategy is extended to a newly proposed high‐performance system PM6:PY‐IT, and successfully drags its efficiency from 14.78% to 15.62%, another world‐class breakthrough for all‐polymer solar cells. In summary, this study not only achieves a series of OSCs with improved PCEs, but also delivers a deep understanding of PEDOT:PSS improvement.