bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle Ordovician mass‐transport deposits from western Inner Mongolia, China: Mechanisms and implications for basin evolution
Authors: Li Wenjie , Chen Jitao , Hakim Anne J. , Myrow Paul M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubaqueous mass‐transport processes are one of the mechanisms for transport of sediment into the deep sea. Internal structures and depositional processes of carbonate mass‐transport deposits are relatively poorly understood relative to siliciclastic facies due to their comparative paucity in the rock record. A variety of carbonate mass‐transport deposits, including slumps, debrites and deep‐channel‐confined density flow deposits, occur in Middle–Upper Ordovician slope deposits in western Inner Mongolia (Wuhai), China. These provide a rare opportunity to illustrate the emplacement history of carbonate mass‐transport deposits at the outcrop scale. The slumps and debrites host remarkable folds, chaotic beds and imbricated beds that reflect differences in both rheology and position on the slope. Individual slump sheets show gradations between undulating laminae, inclined and recumbent folds, highly deformed folds, and chaotic textures upslope from the toe region. Debrites are commonly interbedded with slump deposits, whereas imbricated beds are present in the middle and lower parts of the toes of slump sheets near the terminal wall. In the study area, thin‐bedded limestone with slump deposits of the Kelimoli Formation are overlain by fine‐grained, siliciclastic‐dominated, slope deposits of the Wulalike Formation. A thick breccia of the Wulalike Formation was deposited in a main feeder channel in south‐east Wuhai, but to the west‐north‐west the breccia was deposited in distributary channels possibly represented as a unique lower‐slope pattern of gullies. At the latter locality, the breccia was deposited solely within the channels on a steep west‐north‐west dipping slope under density‐driven flows. The mass‐transport deposits documented herein records passive to foreland basin tectonic transitions, and associated platform foundering and steepening of the slope. A slope facies model was constructed to demonstrate the spatial and temporal variations of mass‐transport deposits during basin evolution, and as such it provides a template for the interpretation of the deposits of ancient slopes that underwent passive to active tectonic transitions.
Adolescents’ experiences with group antenatal care: Insights from a mixed‐methods study in Senegal
Authors: Vandermorris Ashley , McKinnon Britt , Sall Mohamadou , Witol Adrian , Traoré Mahamadou , Lamesse‐Diedhiou Fatma , Bassani Diego G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesGroup antenatal care (G‐ANC) is an innovative model in which antenatal care is delivered to a group of 8–12 women of similar gestational age. Evidence from high‐income countries suggests G‐ANC is particularly effective for women from marginalised populations, including adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the experiences of Senegalese adolescents engaged in group antenatal care.MethodsThis convergent parallel mixed‐methods study is derived from a larger effectiveness–implementation hybrid pilot study conducted in Kaolack district, Senegal. Quantitative data for adolescent participants were collected through baseline and postnatal surveys and descriptively analysed. One‐on‐one interviews and focus‐group discussions were conducted with adolescent participants, and qualitative data were analysed using qualitative descriptive analysis.ResultsForty‐five adolescents aged 15–19 participated in G‐ANC, with a median age of 18 years. The majority (93.3%) were married, and 64.4% were nulliparous. Findings indicated similar levels of G‐ANC participation for adolescent and adult women. The majority (93.1%) of participants who had previously attended individual ANC indicated they would prefer G‐ANC to individual care for a future pregnancy. Qualitative findings indicated key facets of consideration relevant to G‐ANC for adolescents include social connectedness, the influence of social norms and the opportunity for engagement in healthcare.ConclusionsThis study suggests that G‐ANC has the potential to be an adolescent‐responsive and culturally appropriate method of delivering antenatal care in Senegal.
Resistance of SARS‐CoV‐2 beta and gamma variants to plasma collected from Canadian blood donors during the spring of 2020
Authors: Drews Steven J. , Abe Kento T. , Hu Queenie , Samson Reuben , Gingras Anne‐Claude , Colwill Karen , Rathod Bhavisha , Wang Jenny , Fazel‐Zarandi Mahya , Yi Qi‐Long , Robinson Alyssia , Wood Heidi , Tuite Ashleigh , Fisman David , Evans David H. , Lin Yi‐Chan J. , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study assesses the ability of plasma collected from Canadian blood donors in the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic to neutralize later SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs).Study design and methodsA repeated cross‐sectional design was used, and a random cross‐sectional sample of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1500/month) was drawn monthly for April and May of 2020. Qualitative IgG analysis was performed on aliquots of specimens using anti‐spike, anti‐receptor binding domain, and anti‐nucleocapsid protein enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays as well as the Abbott Architect SARS CoV‐2 IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories) against the anti‐nucleocapsid protein. Selected plasma specimens were then assessed for neutralization against VOCs using pseudotyped lentivirus inhibition assays as well as plaque reduction neutralization test 50% (PRNT50).ResultsSix specimens with a high neutralizing titer against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 and three specimens with a low neutralizing titer against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 were chosen for further analysis against VOCs. Four of six high neutralizing titer specimens had a reduced neutralizing capacity against beta VOCs by both neutralization methods. Three of six high neutralizing titer specimens had reduced neutralization capacity against gamma VOCs.ConclusionsThis preliminary data can be used as a justification for limiting the use of first wave plasma products in upcoming clinical trials but cannot be used to speculate on general trends in the immunity of Canadian blood donors to SARS‐CoV‐2.
The impact of free trade agreements on Middle East and North Africa exports of intermediate and final goods
Authors: Cardozo Adriana , Martínez‐Zarzoso Inmaculada , Vogler Paula L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is the first to analyse the impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) and the harmonisation of rules of origin (RoO) on Middle East and North African (MENA) countries’ exports differentiating between final and intermediate goods for a global sample of trade partners. Data on exports from four MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia) to 61 destinations over the period 1995–2016 are used to estimate a structural gravity model applying a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator. Moreover, the paper estimates the effect of the progressive adoption of the Pan‐European‐Mediterranean RoO. Results show that FTAs have been overall successful in increasing MENA exports. This is particularly true for FTAs that eliminate protection on agricultural products. In contrast to the existing literature, we find that the agreements concluded with European countries raise MENA exports, whereas no significant impact is found for the application of the Pan‐European RoO.
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effect of Surface Patterning on the Frictional Properties of Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Balestra Simone , Costagliola Gianluca , Pegoraro Amedeo , Picollo Federico , Molinari Jean-François , Pugno Nicola M. , Vittone Ettore , Bosia Federico , Sin Agusti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We describe benchmark experiments to evaluate the frictional properties of laser patterned low-density polyethylene as a function of sliding velocity, normal force, and humidity. The pattern is a square lattice of square cavities with sub-mm spacing. We find that dynamic friction decreases compared to nonpatterned surfaces, since stress concentrations lead to early detachment, and that stick-slip behavior is also affected. Friction increases with humidity, and the onset of stick-slip events occurs in the high humidity regime. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations of a simplified 2D spring-block model. A good qualitative agreement can be obtained by introducing a deviation from the linear behavior of the Amontons-Coulomb law with the load due to a saturation in the effective contact area with pressure. This also leads to the improvement of the quantitative results of the spring-block model by reducing the discrepancy with the experimental results, indicating the robustness of the adopted simplified approach, which could be adopted to design patterned surfaces with controlled friction properties.
Droplets Impacting and Migrating on Structured Surfaces With Imposed Thermal Gradients
Authors: Chen Lei , Jin Guanghu , Dai Qingwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, the dynamic process of oil droplets impacting and migrating on structured surfaces with imposed thermal gradients was investigated. It was observed that on an isothermal smooth surface, a lubricant droplet would impact, spread to a maximum diameter, and retract; while on a non-isothermal smooth surface, an asymmetric geometrical morphology of droplet was generated, accompanying with a migration process. Relevant dimensionless parameters were employed to evaluate the dynamic process, and the physical mechanism was revealed. Decorating surfaces with convergent microgrooves pattern could not only increase the maximum spreading diameter but also accelerate the migration process. These are beneficial for the heat exchange efficiency and lubrication performances.
Analysis of Dynamic Changes in Customer Sentiment on Product Features After the Outbreak of COVID-19 Based on Online Reviews
Authors: Kim Jinju , Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sudden changes in life and work patterns due to COVID-19 have affected customer requirements for the products. Under these circumstances, companies can achieve high profitability and customer satisfaction when they can efficiently identify and respond quickly to changing customer preferences caused by COVID-19. This article presents empirical research on dynamic changes in customer responses for product features caused by the spread of COVID-19 through sentiment analysis based on online reviews. A case study is conducted using new and refurbished smartphone reviews to investigate the dynamic changes in customer sentiment before/during COVID-19. The importance of the result is shown by comparing it to the actual market data.
Study on Eutectic Melting Behavior of Control Rod Materials in Core Disruptive Accidents of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors: (2) Kinetic Study on Eutectic Reaction Process Between Stainless Steel With Low Boron Carbide Concentration and Stainless Steel
Authors: Kikuchi Shin , Takai Toshihide , Yamano Hidemasa , Sakamoto Kan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The eutectic reaction between boron carbide (B4C) and stainless steel (SS) is one of the most important phenomena when considering the core disruptive accident (CDA) in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Thus, in order to perform the safety assessment of SFR under postulated severe accidental condition reasonably, the kinetic information on B4C-SS eutectic reaction is required.
In this study, the reaction experiments using SS crucibles and the pellets of SS with low B4C concentration, i.e., 2.5–10 mass% B4C as samples were performed to simulate the state of the reaction interface in which the eutectic reaction and interdiffusion of B4C-SS have progressed to a certain extent. Each sample was placed into an alumina core tube and heated up to 1473–1673 K at different duration time by using an electric furnace. For recording the thermal behavior of B4C-SS and SS-SS with low B4C concentration, in-situ observation for the appearance of each sample around eutectic temperature was performed using high sensitivity camera.
The rate constant as kinetic information was estimated on the basis of the thickness of the eutectic layer and duration time after the reaction experiments. It was revealed that the rate constants of eutectic reaction between SS and SS with 2.5–10 mass% B4C are smaller than that of B4C-SS eutectic reaction at high temperatures. Besides, the rate constant of the eutectic reaction between SS and SS with certain B4C concentration became small when the B4C concentration against SS decreased. Moreover, it was confirmed that the liquid phase reaction feature of SS-SS with certain B4C concentration is still dominant in comparison with that of B4C-SS at low temperatures.
Study on Safety Class 2 Piping Fatigue Evaluation for 60 Years of Design Life
Authors: Lee Dae-Geon , Kim Kyoung-Su , Heo Young-Hun , Cho Seong-Ho , Kim Hyeong-Wook 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the past, most of nuclear power plants in the world were constructed with 30 or 40 years of design-life. But some nuclear power plants are still operating beyond their design lives through regulatory permission to extend its operation. To extend designlife of nuclear power plant, it needs additional design and replacement for equipment and piping. It has also to meet the regulatory requirements under the approval of the regulatory body. Therefore, the original design life of 60 years has been applied to safety class 1 equipment and piping of some nuclear power plants. One of the methods to confirm whether safety class 2&3 equipment and piping can also operate up to 60 years is to perform the fatigue evaluation based on ASME B&PV Code. In consideration of the effects of load increase by extending their lifespan from 40 to 60 years, the equipment and piping should be evaluated the structural integrity by performing the heat transfer analysis and structural analysis. In this paper, the fatigue evaluation for the Safety Class 2 FW piping with 40-year design life was performed based on Subsection NB/NC of ASME B&PV Section III and Reg. Guide 1.207 to show that its fatigue integrity can be secured under 60-year operation even in the PWR environmental conditions.
Application of EEMD-Multiscale Entropy Algorithm in the Signal Analysis of Narrow Channel Two-Phase Flow Under Rolling Motion
Authors: Chu Wenjun , Liu Yang , Zhu Hongye , Yang Xingtuan , Pan Liqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The narrow rectangular channel has the advantages of compact structure and high heat transfer coefficient, and has been widely used in nuclear systems. However, the internal flow of the narrow channel will be affected by the non-inertial force when it is used in undulating conditions. Aiming at the visualized parallel narrow channel boiling experiment system, this study applies the EEMD method to the analysis of signals such as outlet pressure of the test section under rolling conditions. We utilize the features that the variance and energy of the empirical mode decomposition component will suddenly change in the low frequency band, and effectively realize the adaptive removal of signal noise and signal reconstruction under different rolling parameters. This paper also introduces the theory of multi-scale entropy to extract features of different time-scale signals obtained by EEMD method. The obtained signal energy moment and multi-scale entropy changes obviously with the gas-liquid distribution of the experimental section, which can be used as the basis for narrow channel flow pattern identification.
Study on the Structural Evaluation and Optimization of Spent Nuclear Fuel Cask
Authors: Hao Yuchen , Wang Jinhua , Li Yue , Wu Bin , Wang Haitao , Ma Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, nuclear power plays an important role in world electrical energy. Nuclear power plants have inevitably produced radioactive spent nuclear fuel (SNF) during operation. Generally, intermediate storage facilities and at-reactor pools store fresh SNF and remove its residual heat at about five years. However, as time goes by, all of these temporary facilities are near capacity. We are supposed to pay attention to transportation safety, to avoid radioactive material leakage, especially in public domain. Indeed, 9 m drop test is one of the most crucial tests derived on safety regulation which may cause serious structural damage.
In this paper, safety performance of a base spent nuclear fuel cask is evaluated. At the same time, the rotation of cask during the drop is considered, because drop inclination which may influence the cushioning effect is random when contacting the ground. Subsequently, the result of safety performance can be utilized to establish comprehensive damage curves. This work is also set up to determine the most dangerous condition. And then optimization is carried out to investigate the effects of some material and design parameters under this condition. Finally, a design approach combining evaluation and optimization is summarized, which can be applied in other nuclear cask systems.
Transport Behavior of Silver in High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors
Authors: Wang Yu , Cao Jianzhu , Xie Feng , Yang Xiaobao , Li Peng , Ma Jie , Duan Xianbao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is characterized by inherent safety, superior proliferation resistance, and high efficiency, with a promising prospect on electric power product and high-temperature heat and hydrogen production. The enhanced safety mostly relies on the good retention of tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles for fission products. Most radioactive nuclides are retained in the fuel element dispersed with a large amount of TRISO coated fuel particles during normal and off-normal transients. However, silver can pass through the intact TRISO coated fuel particle and this has been reported by researchers worldwide. Numerous studies have focused on the migration of silver and tried to interpret its unique behavior. Additionally, several theories have been proposed and abnormal occurrences have been ascribed to excess silicon, chemical degradation of SiC, grain boundaries, long columnar grains, nano-pores, nano-cracks, re-wetting process, lattice diffusions, and so on. However, this problem has not been completely solved so far. This paper introduces the general diffusion theory for fission products in the spherical particle, reviews recent theoretical models and mechanisms on silver migration and discusses the diffusion features of silver under different mechanisms. Based on the current investigations, several suggestions have been posed to end debate on silver migration in SiC. These suggestions can lay a good foundation for further studies on migration behavior of silver.
Subchannel Analysis of Radial Uniform and Non-Uniform Heating Assembly Under Low Mass Flow Rate Conditions
Authors: Zhu Gan , Xu Wei , Xie Heng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The nuclear heating reactor (NHR), which is independently developed and designed by Tsinghua University, adopts full power natural circulation and has the characteristic of low mass flow rate. Due to the different operating conditions between NHR and PWR, it is necessary to analyze the thermal hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly in NHR core. The thermal hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly is mainly analyzed by the subchannel analysis code which can accurately calculate the two-phase parameters. Therefore, this research employs subchannel analysis code COBRA-TF to simulate radial uniform and non-uniform heating assembly under the operating conditions of low mass flow rate from 300kg/m2s to 700kg/m2s. The simulations are validated on the thermal hydraulics experiments of GE and Studsvik. The result shows that the calculated mass flow rate and void fraction are in good agreement with the experimental results. Under radial nonuniform heating condition, high outlet mass velocity appears in low heating power region, while the high outlet void fraction appears in high heating power region. Compared with the uniform heating condition, the distribution of the mass flow rate and the void fraction in subchannels under non-uniform heating conditions varies greatly. In addition, the transverse flow and the counterflow also can be observed in non-uniform heating conditions under low mass flow rate conditions. The appearance of such transverse flow mainly results from the radial pressure difference, rather than the turbulent mixing and void drift. Therefore, it is essential to predicate the distribution of the mass flow rate and the void fraction under non-uniform heating and low mass flow rate conditions.
Preliminary Version of Improved Particle-Flow Model in SIMMER-V for an Alternative Severe Accident Modeling Approach in SFRs
Authors: Csengeri Eszter , Bachrata Andrea , Trotignon Laurent , Merle Elsa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and improve the capability of the SIMMER code to demonstrate severe accident mitigation in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). Here the numerical representation of the mitigation strategy with controlled material transfer is carried out with SIMMER. By using the advanced multi-phase modelling option of the code, the particle-size solid debris are treated with an independent momentum field. This modelling choice is encouraged for the simulation of Unprotected Loss Of Flow (ULOF) type transients in French SFR core design where low enthalpy degraded fuel is expected to manifest in solid fragments. Applying this new particulate approach in SIMMER code requires the reevaluation of current SIMMER fluid dynamics modelling. In this context, this paper assesses the applicability of SIMMER momentum models to account for the peculiar behaviour of a purely particulate phase. We present the first improved model of interphase momentum transfer and a sensitivity study on solid particles-wall stress models. The assessment is performed through the investigation of simplified test cases that can be associated to reactor scenarios during severe accident mitigation. The test cases show that the new modifications in the SIMMER code bring significant improvements in predicting the discharge behaviour of degraded core mixture.
A Finnish District Heating Reactor: Thermal-Hydraulic Design and Transient Analyses
Authors: Komu Rebekka , Hillberg Seppo , Hovi Ville , Leppänen Jaakko , Leskinen Joona 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Development of a small district heating reactor was started at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The concept features a 50 MW reactor that operates at low temperature and pressure. Traditional LWR technology, passive safety functions and natural circulation are combined in the integrated design. This paper presents the thermal-hydraulic design and transient analyses done with Apros simulation software. The studied cases include station blackout with reactor trip and as an ATWS scenario, and small break LOCA in the lower downcomer. During the station blackout transients, both temperature and pressure remained at safe levels. The innovative containment design functioned as planned and was capable of efficient decay heat removal. The small break LOCA ceased the natural circulation, but the core was not uncovered at any point and the core temperatures remained low. The results from the thermal-hydraulic analyses are promising and show that the reactor design is capable of producing low temperature heat to the district heating network. The analyzed transients posed no risk to reactor safety, and the passive containment function was capable of removing decay heat efficiently. These preliminary analyses give valuable insight to the design work in the future.