bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Extrusion Process Optimization by Digital Twins
Authors: Sarishvili Alex , Just Daniel , Moser Kevin , Wirsen Andreas , Diemert Jan , Jirstrand Mats 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContinuous plastics compounding processes are highly complex from a physicochemical point of view and correspondingly difficult to optimize. Model‐based digital twins suitable for this purpose require complex simulation approaches, trained personnel and input variables that are difficult to determine. However, data‐based digital twins, which are in principle suitable for this purpose, often fail because of the enormous trial effort which is required to generate a sufficiently large database. To overcome this problem this paper describes a hybrid approach for generating the necessary database for a data‐based digital twin. By intelligent combination of real experiments, adaptation of the physical‐chemical process model to these few experimental data and subsequent data cloud generation with the adapted process model results in a sufficient data base for the digital twin.
An Olefinic 1,2‐α‐Boryl Migration Enables 1,2‐Bis(boronic esters) via Radical‐Polar Crossover Reaction
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liao Shangteng , Zhou Lu , Yang Kai , Wang Chenglan , Lou Yixian , Wang Cece , Song Qiuling 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA radical‐induced 1,2‐α‐boryl migration through radical polar crossover reactions has been described. In this work, in situ formed vinyldiboron “ate” complexes from alkenyl Grignard reagent and diborylalkanes react with commercial radical precursors under light initiation. This three‐component process enables diborylation of alkene. This protocol features high atom economy, a broad substrate scope as well as good functional group toleration with mild conditions.
A new agent‐based framework combining authentication, access control and user behavior analysis for secure and flexible cloud‐based healthcare environment
Authors: Ennahbaoui Mohammed , Idrissi Hind 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCloud computing is an emerging paradigm for hosting and delivering Internet services. This technological trend is increasingly attracting individuals and organizations in different disciplines. Healthcare is at the top of fields where cloud becomes widely adopted to provide remote services and real‐time monitoring for patients and medical stakeholders. However, as sensitive health data are sent over insecure cloud networks and stored in the cloud anywhere across the globe, a reliable system meeting security requirements is of utmost importance, particularity in terms of authentication, access control and traceability. In this article, we propose an innovative security‐aware framework typically dedicated for cloud‐assisted healthcare environments. Our framework is mainly based on three efficient mechanisms. First, we introduce an anonymous authentication process based on mobile agents and elliptic curve cryptography to ensure a secure and flexible communication between the cloud and users. The second mechanism designs a fine‐grained data access control model, which beneficially associates the notions of attribute, role, task, constraint, and session. Moreover, we integrate a user behavior analysis performed by mobile agents, which perceive and trace users behaviors to depict potential vulnerabilities and anomalous activities on sensitive resources. The security analysis and the experiments being conducted demonstrate that our contribution is provably secure and shows very promising features.
Supramolecular Assembly and Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence of Tridentate Platinum‐Isocyanide Complexes Modified with a Chiral Leucine Derivative
Authors: Gong Zhong‐Liang , Dan Ti‐Xiong , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, the exploration of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active materials has attracted extensive attention. Herein, a pair of enantiomeric tridentate platinum‐isocyanide complexes (D/L)‐5 decorated with a chiral leucine methyl ester are reported. The enhanced red phosphorescence and amplified CPL of (D/L)‐5 with a luminescent dissymmetric factor up to 0.008 and quantum yield of 67% are achieved via solution‐state aggregation, benefiting from the highly‐ordered nanobelt assembly as revealed by microscopic analyses. On the basis of the temperature‐dependent absorption, 2D NOESY NMR and powder X‐ray diffraction spectral investigations, these nanobelts are proposed to form via the cooperative assembly pathway with a head‐to‐tail molecular stacking. This work provides insight into the mechanism of supramolecular chirality amplification and important information for the design and synthesis of high‐performance CPL‐active materials.
A new slew rate enhancement technique for operational transconductance amplifiers
Authors: Ebrahimi Emad , Roozbakhsh Amin , Rasekhi Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new symmetric slew rate enhancement (SRE) circuit suitable for operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The proposed SRE circuit is composed of two auxiliary circuits which are automatically activated during fast signal transitions (slewing) by comparing the input and output signals. The auxiliary circuits pump required current in/out the load capacitance. In this way, the slew rate of the amplifier is significantly improved without any extra static power dissipation. The proposed technique can be applied to a variety of operational amplifiers. However, incorporating the proposed SRE circuit into a folded‐cascode amplifier (FCA) results in 7× slew rate improvement and 66.6% settling time reduction, while the frequency response and small‐signal operation of the amplifier are not degraded. The proposed SRE circuit is designed and simulated in a 0.13‐μm Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Post‐layout simulation results show that the circuit has a slew rate of 1465 V/μs and 9.75‐ns settling time for a total 3‐pF load capacitance while the power consumption is 841 μW at 1.2‐V supply voltage; that indicates 7‐time SR improvement with lower power dissipation compared to the conventional FCA and an excellent FOMLof 6.26 ([V/μs] × pF/μA). Moreover, simulation results of the circuit for worst corner and temperature cases as well as 10% supply variation verify the robustness of the circuit against PVT changes.
Population dynamics of the glacial relict amphipods in a subarctic lake: role of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors
Authors: Maximov Alexey A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRelative role of intrinsic density‐dependent factors (such as inter‐ and intraspecific competition, predation) and extrinsic density‐independent factors (environmental changes) in population dynamics is a key issue in ecology. Density‐dependent mechanisms are considered as important drivers of population dynamics in many vertebrate and insect species; however, their influence on the population dynamics of freshwater invertebrates is not clearly understood. In this study, I examined interannual variations in the abundance of the glacial relict amphipod Monoporeia affinis in a small subarctic lake based on long‐term (2002–2019) monitoring data. The results suggest that the population dynamics of amphipods in the lake is influenced by the combined effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The reproductive success of amphipod cohorts was inversely related to its initial abundance, indicating it is influenced by density‐dependent factors. M. affinis recruitment was negatively correlated with population density and near‐bottom temperature but positively correlated with food availability, which is defined as the concentration of chlorophyll a. Multiple regression with chlorophyll, temperature, and abundance of parent cohort as independent factors explained about 80% of the variation in the reproductive success of amphipods. The negative correlation between amphipod recruitment and water temperature indicates that the current climate conditions adversely affect the populations of glacial relict amphipods even in cold‐water lakes of the subarctic zone. Results of this study can be useful in environmental assessments to separate population oscillations connected with density‐dependent mechanisms from human‐mediated changes.
Spatial and temporal scales of canopy disturbance and recovery across an old‐growth tropical rain forest landscape
Authors: Clark David B. , Clark Deborah A. , Kellner James R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe distribution of canopy heights in tropical rain forests directly affects carbon storage and the maintenance of biodiversity. We report results from a unique 20‐yr record of annual monitoring of canopy‐height distributions across an old‐growth tropical rain forest landscape at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Canopy heights to 15 m were measured annually in 18 0.50‐ha plots at 231 points on a 5 × 5 m grid from 1999–2018 (nine plots in 1999), and heights >15 m were classified as “high canopy.” During the study two major disturbance events (one immediately prior to the study) dominated the landscape‐scale distribution of canopy heights. Height recovery from the 1997–1998 strong El Niño disturbance took approximately 15 yr. Frequency of canopy gaps varied an order of magnitude among years and 96% disappeared in ≤2 yr. High‐canopy coverage and gap frequency varied substantially across the local gradients of soil nutrients and topography, and plot‐level conditions and trends frequently differed from the landscape‐level patterns. In contrast to the two major landscape‐level disturbances, significant plot‐level disturbances were common throughout two decades. Including a similar data set taken in 1992, canopy‐height distributions for the last three decades over this old‐growth tropical rain forest landscape are most parsimoniously interpreted as showing local disturbance and recovery and no unidirectional trends over time. Together these results suggest that understanding the landscape‐ and plot‐level dynamics of tropical rain forest canopy‐height distributions will require repeat sampling for multiple decades, while accurately measuring gap frequency and recovery will require sample intervals of ≤2 yr.
Expanding NEON biodiversity surveys with new instrumentation and machine learning approaches
Authors: Kitzes Justin , Blake Rachael , Bombaci Sara , Chapman Melissa , Duran Sandra M. , Huang Tao , Joseph Maxwell B. , Lapp Samuel , Marconi Sergio , Oestreich William K. , Rhinehart Tessa A. , Schweiger Anna K. , Song Yiluan , Surasinghe Thilina , Yang Di , Yule Kelsey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA core goal of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is to measure changes in biodiversity across the 30‐yr horizon of the network. In contrast to NEON’s extensive use of automated instruments to collect environmental data, NEON’s biodiversity surveys are almost entirely conducted using traditional human‐centric field methods. We believe that the combination of instrumentation for remote data collection and machine learning models to process such data represents an important opportunity for NEON to expand the scope, scale, and usability of its biodiversity data collection while potentially reducing long‐term costs. In this manuscript, we first review the current status of instrument‐based biodiversity surveys within the NEON project and previous research at the intersection of biodiversity, instrumentation, and machine learning at NEON sites. We then survey methods that have been developed at other locations but could potentially be employed at NEON sites in future. Finally, we expand on these ideas in five case studies that we believe suggest particularly fruitful future paths for automated biodiversity measurement at NEON sites: acoustic recorders for sound‐producing taxa, camera traps for medium and large mammals, hydroacoustic and remote imagery for aquatic diversity, expanded remote and ground‐based measurements for plant biodiversity, and laboratory‐based imaging for physical specimens and samples in the NEON biorepository. Through its data science‐literate staff and user community, NEON has a unique role to play in supporting the growth of such automated biodiversity survey methods, as well as demonstrating their ability to help answer key ecological questions that cannot be answered at the more limited spatiotemporal scales of human‐driven surveys.
Immuno‐oncological role of 20S proteasome alpha‐subunit 3 in aggravating the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jinyan , Shao Jingwen , Zhang Chaoqi , Qin Guohui , Liu Jiayin , Li Miaomiao , Wu Peng , Zhao Xuan , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPSMA3, a member of the proteasome subunit, has been shown to play a major player in protein degradation. Reportedly, PSMA3 functions as a negative regulator in various cancers including colon, pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, the contributions of PSMA3 to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether PSMA3 is involved in ESCC progression and the potential underlying mechanism. The results revealed that PSMA3 was highly expressed in the ESCC tumor tissues and functioned as a negative indicator according to the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)/Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and clinical patients’ samples. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that PSMA3 was closely correlated with ESCC cancer stemness and the inflammatory response; however, this correlation was absent after knockdown of PSMA3 in vitro. We further demonstrated that PSMA3 suppressed CD8+ T‐cells infiltration depending on the C‐C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/C‐C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) axis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the role of PSMA3 in ESCC cancer stemness and the negative regulation of CD8 T‐cells infiltration mediated by PSMA3. The results of this study may provide a potential target for the immuno‐oncology effect of PSMA3 in ESCC therapy.
Short communication: A simple and accurate method of measuring the zeta‐potential of microfluidic channels
Authors: Fernández‐Mateo Raúl , García‐Sánchez Pablo , Calero Víctor , Ramos Antonio , Morgan Hywel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe describe an improved method for determining the electroosmotic mobility and zeta potential of surfaces based on a current‐monitoring method. This technique eliminates the requirement for measurements of channel dimensions and sample conductivities, leading to a simple high precision measurement. The zeta potential of PDMS is measured for native surfaces and surfaces treated with a nonionic surfactant in low‐conductivity electrolytes.
Boron nitride nanosheet‐assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion microextraction of alkaloids from lotus plumule by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Shi Min‐Zhen , Yu Ya‐Ling , Zhu Si‐Chen , Gu Yu‐Xin , Yue Zi‐Xuan , Yan Tian‐Ci , Zheng Hui , Cao Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)‐assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion method was established to microextract alkaloids from medicinal plants. The target compounds were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. During the experimental process, several important parameters, including the type of dispersant, the amount of dispersant, the grinding time, and the type of elution solvent, were optimized. Finally, the BNNSs were chosen as the best dispersant, and their microcosmic morphologies were identified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Because of the special property of BNNSs, the cost of this experiment was greatly reduced, especially in elution volume, sample amount (50 mg), and extraction time (2 min). Under the best conditions, 50 mg of sample powder was dispersed with 50 mg of BNNSs, the grinding time was 120 s, the mixed powder was eluted with 200 μL of methanol, and good linearity (r2 > 0.9993) and satisfactory recoveries (80–100%) were obtained. The inter‐ and intraday precisions were acceptable, with RSDs lower than 2.01 and 4.84%, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 2.54 to 15.00 ng/mL, and the limits of quantitation were 8.47 to 50.00 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of liensinine, isoliensinine, and neferine in lotus plumule.
Modeling cycles and interdependence in irregularly sampled geophysical time series
Authors: Tunnicliffe Wilson Granville , Haywood John , Petherick Lynda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe show how an autoregressive Gaussian process model incorporating a time scale coefficient can be used to represent irregularly sampled geophysical time series. Selection of this coefficient, together with the order of autoregression, provides flexibility of the model appropriate to the structure of the data. This leads to a valuable improvement in the identification of the periodicities within and dependence between such series, which arise frequently and are often acquired at some cost in time and effort. We carefully explain the modeling procedure and demonstrate its efficacy for identifying periodic behavior in the context of an application to dust flux measurements from lake sediments in a region of subtropical eastern Australia. The model is further applied to the measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature obtained from Antarctic ice cores. The model identifies periods in the glacial‐interglacial cycles of these series that are associated with astronomical forcing, determines that they are causally related, and, by application to current measurements, confirms the prediction of climate warming.
Coral Ecotoxicological Data Evaluation for the Environmental Safety Assessment of Ultraviolet Filters
Authors: Burns Emily E. , Davies Iain A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is growing interest in the environmental safety of ultraviolet (UV) filters found in cosmetic and personal care products (CPCPs). The CPCP industry is assessing appropriate environmental risk assessment (ERA) methods to conduct robust environmental safety assessments for these ingredients. Relevant and reliable data are needed for ERA, particularly when the assessment is supporting regulatory decision-making. In the present study, we apply a data evaluation approach to incorporate nonstandard toxicity data into the ERA process through an expanded range of reliability scores over commonly used approaches (e.g., Klimisch scores). The method employs an upfront screening followed by a data quality assessment based largely on the Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED) approach. The method was applied in a coral case study in which UV filter toxicity data was evaluated to identify data points potentially suitable for higher tier and/or regulatory ERA. This is an optimal case study because there are no standard coral toxicity test methods, and UV filter bans are being enacted based on findings reported in the current peer-reviewed data set. Eight studies comprising nine assays were identified; four of the assays did not pass the initial screening assessment. None of the remaining five assays received a high enough reliability score (Rn) to be considered of decision-making quality (i.e., R1 or R2). Four assays were suitable for a preliminary ERA (i.e., R3 or R4), and one assay was not reliable (i.e., R6). These results highlight a need for higher quality coral toxicity studies, potentially through the development of standard test protocols, to generate reliable toxicity endpoints. These data can then be used for ERA to inform environmental protection and sustainability decision-making. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3441–3464. © 2021 Personal Care Products Council. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
IL‐6–induced cGGNBP2 encodes a protein to promote cell growth and metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Hui , Lan Tian , Liu Hailing , Liu Chang , Dai Junlong , Xu Lin , Cai Yunshi , Hou Guimin , Xie Kunlin , Liao Mingheng , Li Jiaxin , Huang Jiwei , Yuan Kefei , Wang Genshu , Zeng Yong , Wu Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
IL‐6–induced tumor progression has been well established through the induction of antiapoptotic and proliferative genes. However, whether other mechanisms such as IL‐6 regulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) may also contribute to tumor development remains unknown.

Approach and Results
High‐throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs on IL‐6 stimulation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cells. CircRNA GGNBP2 (derived from ggnbp2 gene, termed as cGGNBP2) was up‐regulated by IL‐6 treatment in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. The biogenesis of cGGNBP2 was regulated by RNA‐binding protein DEx‐H Box Helicase 9, which was also mediated by IL‐6 exposure. Mass spectrometry and western blotting identified a protein cGGNBP2‐184aa encoded by cGGNBP2. cGGNBP2‐184aa promoted ICC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, cGGNBP2‐184aa directly interacted with signal transducers and activators of transduction‐3 (STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3Tyr705, and played a positive regulatory role in modulating IL‐6/STAT3 signaling. IL‐6/cGGNBP2‐184aa/STAT3 formed a positive feedback loop to sustain constitutive activation of IL‐6/STAT3 signaling. Elevated cGGNBP2 expression was correlated with poor prognosis of patients with ICC and was identified as an independent risk factor for patient prognosis.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that cGGNBP2‐184aa, a protein encoded by IL‐6–induced cGGNBP2, formed a positive feedback loop to facilitate ICC progression and may serve as an auxiliary target for clinical IL‐6/STAT3‐targeting treatments in ICC.
Numerical simulation of the effect of LPG blending on the characteristics of a diesel engine
Authors: Al‐Dawody Mohamed F. , Idan Al‐Chlaihawi Kadhim K. , Al‐Farhany Khaled A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present work aims to investigate numerically the effect of LPG blending on the characteristics of diesel engines subjected to variable compression ratio, injection timing, and engine speed. Three blends of LPG are used, which are 10% LPG + 90% diesel, 20% LPG + 80% diesel, and 30% LPG + 70% diesel. The numerical investigation is carried out using the simulation software Diesel‐RK. Increasing the percentage of LPG in diesel starts combustion early where the lowest delay period is recorded for a blend of 30% LPG + 70% diesel 6.36 deg. The combustion pressure and heat release are decreased due to the difference in the heating values of blended fuels. Although the peak energy release for diesel is 0.05458 (1/deg.) at 375 deg. BTDC, it was 0.0542, 0.05424, and 0.0537 (1/deg.) at 375 deg. BTDC for 10%, 20%, 30% LPG, respectively. Diesel with 30% LPG has a higher spray penetration followed by 20% LPG then 10% LPG and diesel come last. The diesel with 10% LPG gives a 5.35% reduction in NOx, while diesel with 20% and 30% LPG emit less NOx emission by 9.05% and 16.5%, respectively. Increasing the percentage of LPG in diesel yields to reduce soot concentration because LPG has lower carbon to hydrogen ratio. The lowest ability to emit smoke is detected for fuel with 30% LPG where a 7.4% reduction is obtained. It is worth noting that blending LPG with diesel can fight the trade‐off relation between Soot‐NOx as a reduction in both of them is obtained. Based on the results obtained, the blending ratio is 30% LPG. The obtained results are validated with the results of other researchers.