bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple paternity and the number of offspring: A model reveals two major groups of species
Authors: Correia Hannah E. , Abebe Ash , Dobson F. Stephen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParentage analyses via microsatellite markers have revealed multiple paternity within the broods of polytocous species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and invertebrates. The widespread phenomenon of multiple paternity may have attending relationships with such evolutionary processes as sexual selection and kin selection. However, just how much multiple paternity should a species exhibit? We developed Bayesian null models of how multiple paternity relates to brood sizes. For each of 114 species with published data on brood sizes and numbers of sires, we compared our null model estimates to published frequencies of multiple paternity. The majority of species fell close to our null model, especially among fish and invertebrate species. Some species, however, had low probabilities of multiple paternity, far from the predictions of the null model, likely due to sexual selection and environmental constraints. We suggest a major division among species’ mating systems between those with close to random mating and high levels of multiple paternity, and those with constraints that produce low levels of multiple paternity.
Group‐based behavioral skills training to promote effective instruction delivery for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: LaBrot Zachary C. , Kupzyk Sara , Pasqua Jamie L. , Fox Wagner Shelby 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder are at increased risk for noncompliance with parent instructions and subsequent disruptive behaviors. Effective instruction delivery is an antecedent‐based strategy designed to prevent noncompliance with parent instructions and given its components, may be especially useful for promoting compliance in children with autism. However, long wait times for behavioral parent training could lead to increased severity of behavioral difficulties prior to receiving services. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group‐based behavioral skills training for increasing effective instruction delivery with their children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Results indicated improved use of effective instruction delivery with concomitant improvements in children's response to parent instructions. Results, implications, and future directions are discussed.
A secretion‐based dual fluorescence assay for high‐throughput screening of alcohol dehydrogenases
Authors: Lu Hongyuan , Yu Shiqin , Qin Fengyu , Ning Wenbo , Ma Xiaoqiang , Tian Kaiyuan , Li Zhi , Zhou Kang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) play key roles in the production of various chemical precursors that are essential in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. To achieve a practical application of ADHs in industrial processes, tailoring enzyme properties through rational design or directed evolution is often required. Here, we developed a secretion‐based dual fluorescence assay (SDFA) for high‐throughput screening of ADHs. In SDFA, an ADH of interest is fused to a mutated superfolder green fluorescent protein (MsfGFP), which could result in the secretion of the fusion protein to culture broth. After a simple centrifugation step to remove the cells, the supernatant can be directly used to measure the activity of ADH based on a red fluorescence signal, whose increase is coupled to the formation of NADH (a redox cofactor of ADHs) in the reaction. SDFA allows easy quantification of ADH concentration based on the green fluorescence signal of MsfGFP. This feature is useful in determining specific activity and may improve screening accuracy. Out of five ADHs we have tested with SDFA, four ADHs can be secreted and characterized. We successfully screened a combinatorial library of an ADH from Pichia finlandica and identified a variant with a 197‐fold higher kcat/km value toward (S)‐2‐octanol compared to its wild type.
R‐COMP versus R‐CHOP as first‐line therapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in patients ≥60 years: Results of a randomized phase 2 study from the Spanish GELTAMO group
Authors: Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Fernández‐Alvarez Rubén , Gual‐Capllonch Francisco , González‐García Esther , Grande Carlos , Gutiérrez Norma , Peñarrubia María‐Jesús , Batlle‐López Ana , González‐Barca Eva , Guinea José‐María , Gimeno Eva , Peñalver Francisco‐Javier , Fuertes Miguel , Bastos Mariana , Hernández‐Rivas José‐Ángel , Moraleda José‐María , García Olga , Sorigué Marc , Martin Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of non‐pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet®) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been investigated in retrospective and single‐arm prospective studies. This was a prospective phase 2 trial of DLBCL patients ≥60 years old with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55% randomized to standard R‐CHOP or investigational R‐COMP (with Myocet® instead of conventional doxorubicin). The primary end point was to evaluate the differences in subclinical cardiotoxicity, defined as decrease in LVEF to <55% at the end of treatment. Secondary objectives were efficacy, safety, and variations of troponin and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and LVEF along follow‐up.Ninety patients were included, 45 in each group. No differences were observed in the percentage of patients with LVEF <55% at end of treatment (11% in R‐CHOP arm vs. 7% in R‐COMP arm, p = 0.697) or at 4 months (10% vs. 6%, respectively, p = 0.667) and 12 months (8% vs. 7%, respectively, p = 1). However, a higher percentage of R‐CHOP compared with R‐COMP patients showed increased troponin levels in cycle 6 (100% vs. 63%, p = 0.001) and at 1 month after treatment (88% vs. 56%, respectively, p = 0.015). Cardiovascular adverse events were seen in five R‐CHOP patients (nine episodes, four grade ≥3) and in four R‐COMP patients (five episodes, all grade 1–2). No significant differences in efficacy were observed.In conclusion, R‐COMP is a feasible immunochemotherapy schedule for DLBCL patients ≥60 years, with similar efficacy to R‐CHOP. However, the use of non‐pegylated doxorubicin instead of conventional doxorubicin was not associated with less early cardiotoxicity, although some reduced cardiac safety signals were observed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02012088.
Right transradial coronary angiography in the setting of tortuous brachiocephalic/thoracic aorta (“elephant head”): Impact on fluoroscopy time and contrast use
Authors: Case Brian C. , Yerasi Charan , Forrestal Brian J. , Chezar‐Azerrad Chava , Khan Jaffar M. , Khalid Nauman , Shlofmitz Evan , Chen Yuefeng , Musallam Anees , Waksman Ron , Hashim Hayder 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesAssess the impact on fluoroscopy time and contrast use in patients with tortuous brachiocephalic/thoracic aortas undergoing right transradial coronary angiography (RTCA) and provide strategies to manage.BackgroundUnfavorable anatomy with severe brachiocephalic/thoracic tortuosity, referred to as an “elephant head,” remains a significant obstacle for RTCA.MethodsWe reviewed the coronary angiograms of patients who underwent RTCA and had tortuous aortas. Angiography was attempted first using a universal catheter (Tiger) and switched to a left coronary specific catheter (Judkins Left [JL]) if challenging. Fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, and greatest distance from the patient's midline to the catheter in the aorta were recorded.ResultsForty‐nine patients (62.6 ± 12.0 years, 69.4% male) were included. Fifteen (30.6%) patients underwent successful angiography with a Tiger catheter; 34 (69.4%) patients required switching to JL catheter. The average distance of Tiger catheters to the midline of the spine was 0.78 ± 0.41 cm versus 1.28 ± 0.44 cm (p = .001) in JL catheters. Tiger catheter use resulted in less fluoroscopy time (6.48 ± 4.73 min) and contrast use (58.87 ± 43.53 ml) than in cases switched to JL (13.26 ± 10.76 min [p = .026]; 86.5 ± 69.95 ml [(p = .017]).ConclusionsFor patients undergoing RTCA with significant brachiocephalic/thoracic aorta tortuosity, “elephant head,” a Tiger catheter can be used efficiently for curvatures <1 cm from the middle of the spine. We propose that for curvatures >1 cm, operators should consider immediately switching to a JL catheter.
Predicting complete heart block after alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using a risk stratification model and clinical tool
Authors: Karimianpour Ahmadreza , Heizer Justin , Leaphart Davis , Rier Jeremy D. , Shaji Shawn , Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Nielsen Christopher D. , Fernandes Valerian L. , Gold Michael R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol septal ablation (ASA) is a proven method of septal reduction for patients with drug refractory, symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This procedure is associated with a 6.5–11% risk of complete heart block (CHB).ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine factors that predict CHB and to develop a clinical tool for risk stratification of patients.MethodsPatients were enrolled into an ongoing ASA study. A total of 636 patient procedures were included, 527 of whom were used in the development of the prediction tool, and 109 of whom were used for independent validation. Multivariate analysis was performed with odds ratios used to develop the clinical prediction tool. This was then internally and externally validated.ResultsOf the 527 in the prediction cohort, 46 developed CHB. The predictors of CHB were age ≥50 years, pre‐ASA left bundle branch block (LBBB), transient procedural high‐grade block, post‐ASA PR prolongation ≥68 ms, and new bifascicular block. An 11‐point clinical prediction tool was developed to classify these factors. Internal validation using a receiver operating characteristic curve revealed an area under the curve of 0.88 for the clinical prediction tool. External validation using 109 contemporary patients revealed a 98% negative predictive value, 24% positive predictive value, 75% sensitivity, and 81% specificity in high‐risk patients.ConclusionAmong patients undergoing ASA, the risk of CHB can be predicted with easily obtained clinical and electrocardiographic factors. This clinical prediction tool allows identification of high‐risk patients who may benefit from additional monitoring and therapy.
NASICON‐Type Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Solid‐State Electrolytes for Sodium Batteries**
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Tang Bin , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOwing to their low cost, high energy density, and reliable safety, all‐solid‐state sodium batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates beyond lithium‐ion batteries. Sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), with good electrochemical stability and environmental friendliness, are potential candidates for SSEs. In this Minireview, we summarize the basic properties of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 SSEs, including structural characteristics, preparation methods, ionic conductivity, and the strategies, substituting proper elements, optimizing preparation approaches, increasing packing density, and so forth, to improve the bulk and grain boundary conductivity. Additionally, we also analyze the challenges and approaches for interfacial modification between electrodes and SSEs in all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. Finally, future research directions for facilitating the development of all‐solid‐state sodium batteries are proposed.
Different nanofluids effect on bubble characteristics at the isothermal bubble column
Authors: Dousti Ahmad , Gharedaghi Hamed , Hanafizadeh Pedram , Ashjaee Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of different nanofluids such as SiO2, Fe3O4, and Al2O3 on bubble characteristics is studied experimentally. The nanoparticles concentration for the SiO2 nanofluid is 0.05 wt% and for other nanofluids is 0.005 wt%. Bubbles are formed by injection of air at a constant gas flow rate (between 600‐1200 mL/h) into a stagnant isothermal liquid column. Experimental data of formation, growth, and detachment of the air bubbles were recorded by a high‐speed digital camera (1200 fps), and the image processing method was used to analyze the bubble characteristics. In the present study, bubble characteristics such as diameter, size, aspect ratio, and detachment frequency were studied in four different liquids. The results show that a bubble has the biggest size in the pure water and adding nanoparticles to the pure water decreases bubble size. Also, the variation of detachment frequency has an inverse relation with the bubble size behaviour. Between different nanoparticles, Fe3O4 has maximum and SiO2 has minimum effect on bubble features. By adding Fe3O4 to pure water, bubble diameter decreases nearly 7%‐8% and bubble detachment frequency increases nearly 15%‐20%. In order to analyze the variation of the bubble characteristics, a force modelling on bubbles during the growth was proposed. Moreover, a correlation has been proposed for the prediction of bubble diameter at detachment time in three different nanofluids and in the pure water. The mean absolute error of this correlation is 2.65% and has a good agreement with experimental results.
Semiparametric inference of the Youden index and the optimal cut‐off point under density ratio models
Authors: Yuan Meng , Li Pengfei , Wu Changbao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Youden index is a popular summary statistic for receiver operating characteristic curves. It gives the optimal cut‐off point of a biomarker to distinguish the diseased and healthy individuals. In this article, we model the distributions of a biomarker for individuals in the healthy and diseased groups via a semiparametric density ratio model. Based on this model, we propose using the maximum empirical likelihood method to estimate the Youden index and the optimal cut‐off point. We further establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators and construct valid confidence intervals for the Youden index and the corresponding optimal cut‐off point. The proposed method automatically covers both cases when there is no lower limit of detection (LLOD) and when there is a fixed and finite LLOD for the biomarker. Extensive simulation studies and a real data example are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over the existing methods.
Tuning Crystallinity and Surface Hydrophobicity of a Cobalt Phosphide Cocatalyst to Boost CO2 Photoreduction Performance
Authors: Niu Pingping , Pan Zhiming , Wang Sibo , Wang Xinchen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 conversion is a promising method to yield carbon fuels, but it remains challenging to regulate catalytic materials for enhanced reaction efficiency and tunable product selectivity. This study concerns the development of a facile and efficient thermal post‐treatment method to improve the crystallinity and surface hydrophobicity of a cobalt phosphide (CoP) cocatalyst, which promotes the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers, reinforces CO2 chemisorption, and weakens the H2O affinity. Compared with pristine CoP, the optimal CoP‐600 cocatalyst displays a 3.5‐fold enhancement in activity and a 2.3‐fold increase in selectivity for the reduction of CO2 to CO with a high rate of 68.1 μmol h−1.
Quantification of cannabinoids in human hair using a modified derivatization procedure and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Mansour A. , Al‐Asmari Ahmed I. , Al‐Zahrani Farouq F. , Torrance Hazel J. , Watson David G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for detecting of the main cannabinoids, cannabinol (CBN) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the primary metabolite 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) in hair samples. Extraction of the cannabinoids was carried out by a polymeric strong anion mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction cartridge and then employing methanolic HCl followed by 2‐fluoro‐1‐methylpyridinium‐p‐toluenesulfonate (FMP‐TS) as a derivatization procedure of carboxyl and phenolic groups, respectively, offering enhanced sensitivity for the detection of THC‐COOH in hair matrices. Formation of a methyl ester increased its lipophilicity and removed the negative charge on the carboxyl group. Calibration curves were prepared over the range of 0.02–4 pg/mg of hair for THC and CBN and 0.2–12 pg/mg of hair for THC‐COOH. The extraction recovery was between 81% and 105% for all compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2 and 20 pg/mg, respectively, for both CBN and THC and 0.1 and 0.2 pg/mg, respectively, for THC‐COOH, which met the society of hair testing recommendation. Intra‐assay and interassay precision were always lower than 4% and 11%, respectively for these cannabinoids, whereas intra‐assay and interassay bias were between +14% and −18% and +15% and −12%, respectively. Twenty‐seven hair specimens from cannabis users were investigated. The concentrations of CBN, THC and THC‐COOH gave ranges of (0.022–2.562 ng/mg), (0.049–0.431 ng/mg) and (0.222–4.867 pg/mg), respectively. This new method of derivatization improves the LOD to ensure detection of the metabolite.
Alkali Metal Reduction of 1,2‐Bis[(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (ArBIG‐bian) to Radical‐Anion
Authors: Moskalev Mikhail V. , Razborov Danila A. , Skatova Alexandra A. , Bazanov Andrey A. , Fedushkin Igor L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReduction of ArBIG‐bian (1, 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) with one molar equivalent of Li, Na or K in tetrahydrofuran (THF) affords corresponding radical‐anionic salts (ArBIG‐bian)M(THF) (M=Li, 2; Na, 3; K, 4). Compounds 2–4 were isolated in good yields and characterized by the elemental analysis, IR and ESR spectroscopy as well as the single‐crystal X‐Ray analysis. Bulky Ph2(H)C groups in ArBIG‐bian ligand prevent dimerization of complexes 2–4 and limit a number of coordinated THF molecules to one. In all three products a saturation of the alkali metal coordination sphere is achieved through an interaction with Ph rings of Ph2(H)C substituents.
Flame Retardant Modified Bio‐Based Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions Derived from Castor Oil and Soy Polyol
Authors: Wang Chengshuang , Zhang Jie , Huang Jieru , Wang Han , He Meng , Ding Liang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing environmentally friendly bio‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions from vegetable oil, the fabrication of WPU dispersions solely derived from vegetable oil‐based polyol with excellent comprehensive properties is still challenging. In the present work, novel bio‐based WPU dispersions derived from castor oil and soy polyol is successfully modified by phosphorus‐nitrogen chain extender [bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]‐methyl‐phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (BH). The structure and properties of the dispersions and films are characterized systematically by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis , mechanical test, and limiting oxygen index (LOI), etc. The results indicate that bio‐based WPU films display moderate mechanical performance by adjusting BH content, and the WPU film containing
100% BH with 47.8% biobased content has a tensile strength of 8 MPa and the highest Young's modulus of 62.3 MPa. The incorporation of BH can increase the production of char residue. The flame retardancy of WPU films increase gradually with the BH molar content, and the LOI value of the WPU100 with 1.53 wt% phosphorus content can reach as high as 28.1%. This work may provide a new approach to develop high biobased content, eco‐friendly, flame retardant WPU for application in the surface coating industry.
Effects of Moisture and Amphiphilic Compounds on the Oxidative Stability of Microwave‐Treated Corn Oil
Authors: Na HeeSun , Choi Hyuk , Lee YoonHee , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffects of moisture and amphiphilic compounds, including oleic acid, lecithin, and monoacylglycerols (MAGs), on the oxidative stability are evaluated in microwave‐treated corn oil. Moreover, the physical properties including critical micelle concentration (CMC) and moisture content are determined in oils treated by microwave irradiation. The CMC of lecithin and moisture content of oils decreases remarkably, whereas the temperature of the oil increases rapidly with microwave irradiation. The addition of lecithin results in increased moisture content significantly in the edible oils, whereas oleic acid and MAGs do not exhibit these effects. Primary oxidation products in all the oil samples increase, despite the type of amphiphilic compounds used. Corn oil containing oleic acid and samples with lecithin exhibits lower and higher p‐anisidine values (p‐AV), respectively. Remarkably high moisture content in corn oils containing lecithin may contribute to the formation of volatile compounds and high p‐AV. Collectively, moisture and amphiphilic compounds affect the degree of lipid oxidation in microwave‐irradiated bulk oils.Practical application: A microwave oven is an irreplaceable home appliance and is widely used in households nowadays. Effects of amphiphilic compounds and moisture on the oxidative stability are evaluated and it is found that the amphiphilic compounds in lipids affect heat transfer and oxidative stability of oils. The results of this study can provide fundamental insights into lipid oxidation in edible oils, and can provide a direction to the food industry with respect to the development of more efficient and safe methods for the preparation of microwavable foods.
Competencies, Self‐awareness, and Practice: Notes on My Reading of Chapters 5–7
Authors: Hall Melvin E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs part of this NDE issue with its focus on the 2018 American Evaluation Association (AEA) Evaluator Competencies, this chapter discusses the content and delivery of material in Chapters 5 through 7. The reviewed chapters, and therefore this article, address potential uses of the 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies to promote professional self‐knowledge, enhance education and training programs for new and in‐service professionals, and facilitate evaluator and evaluation pursuit of social justice. This chapter will assist readers of these chapters by providing a review from the perspective of an experienced evaluation professional. Its critiques and related admonitions to the profession are the sole and independent opinions of the author.
Next Steps for AEA and the Newly Created AEA Professionalization and Competencies Working Group
Authors: Tucker Susan A. , King Jean A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe final chapter summarizes the content of Parts I and II, addresses issues raised by our critical friends in Chapters 4 and 8, and offers multiple steps that the newly formed American Evaluation Association (AEA) Professionalization and Competencies Working Group may consider exploring when it addresses its three charges. Overall suggestions include four areas of activity: continuing development of the competencies, encouragement of voluntary use in a variety of spheres, extensive engagement of the AEA membership, and exploration of additional ways to professionalize the field. A summary table identifies specific recommendations from this issue's chapters.