bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Disinfection of Potato Cutting Machinery to Avoid Dissemination of Clavibacter sepedonicus
Authors: Stevens L. H. , Tom J. Y. , Mendes O. , van der Zouwen P. S. , van der Wolf J. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA potential cause of the dissemination of the potato ring rot bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs) is the use of automated seed potato cutters. The present study focuses on the question of whether disinfection practices are sufficient to prevent the transmission of Cs from contaminated machine parts to a new tuber lot. The disinfection efficacy was determined by establishing the culturability of Cs that remained after spray application of sodium-p-toluenesulfochloramide solution on clean and fouled specimens of machinery material that had been provided with an imprint of Cs biofilm. Although conventional spraying, with the authorized concentration of sodium-p-toluenesulfochloramide, of inoculated rubber, PVC and lacquered steel led to a substantial decrease of colony forming units, the treatment was insufficient for complete eradication of Cs. The presence of dirt negatively affected the efficacy of the disinfectant.
European Legal Protection of Employees’ Health Working with Nanoparticles in the Context of the Christian Vision of Human Work
Authors: Jarota Maciej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article analyses European regulations concerning the health protection at work with nanomaterials in the context of the Christian vision of human work. The increasingly widespread presence of nanotechnology in workplaces requires serious reflection on the adequacy of employers’ measures to protect workers’ health from the risks in the workplace. The lack of clear guidance in European legislation directly concerning work with nanoparticles is problematic. Moreover, the health consequences for workers using nanomaterials in the work process are not fully explored in science. It is therefore essential to consider what values should accompany employers in shaping working conditions and what values should be legislated when creating occupational health and safety (OH&S) law. First of all, how should the employers deal with the unknown? Should they abandon nanomaterials for which they do not have adequate information at all until the consequences for workers’ health have been established? Should such action be limited to situations where studies indicate the toxicity of the nanomaterials present in the working environment? In this context, the article analyses values and objectives indicated by the teaching of the Catholic Church. The publication presents a Christian vision on the protection of workers’ health and their place in the work process. Europe has been under the influence of Christianity for many centuries now. The Catholic Church’s view of human labour continues to be present in public debates in Europe. The Christian view of human labour is focused on the working man and his dignity. Irrespective of other concepts of labour, Christianity assumes the priority of a human being over capital. The Catholic Church analyses the working man as going beyond the Earthly context, which is not typical for such doctrines as liberalism or Marxism. The author’s article is an attempt in answering the question about how up to date the Catholic Church’s views on human labour are in the light of nanotechnology development in the workplace.
How do Potential Applicants Make Sense of Employer Brands?
Authors: Auer Manfred , Edlinger Gabriela , Mölk Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate processes of subjective employer brand interpretations. We draw on the first-person perspectives of sought-after applicants who articulated their thoughts while being exposed to employer brand material and on subsequent in-depth interviews with the study participants about their assessments of the various employers’ attractiveness. Sensemaking as a theoretical framework to understand meaning-making in processes of actors’ engagement with artifacts is employed to analyze this qualitative data. Based on our empirical findings, we present a process model that illustrates how potential applicants make sense of employer brands. This dominant sensemaking journey includes three different stages: exploring the employer brand material, constructing a plausible employer image and assessing employer attractiveness. However, this trajectory is neither the only possible way nor completely linear and predictable since deviations, particularly the complete breakdown of making sense of employer brand material, are possible.
Remaining Human in COVID-19: Dialogues on Psychogeography
Authors: Degen Johanna L. , Smart Gemma Lucy , Quinnell Rosanne , O’Doherty Kieran C. , Rhodes Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPost-COVID-19 environments have challenged our embodied identities with these challenges coming from a variety of domains, that is, microbiological, semiotic, and digital. We are embedded in a new complex set of relations, with other species, with cultural signs, and with technology and venturing further into an era that pushes back on our anthropocentrism to create a post-human dystopia. This does not imply that we are less human or forfeit ethics in this state of flux, but can lead to considering new ways of being alive and humanists. The aim of this project was to explore walking through our associated psychogeographies as captured in photographs and text from individual walks, as the means by which to characterize responses to the distress of the pandemic and to assess resistance to non-being. The psychogeographies were the starting points for our dialogic enquiry between authors who each represent living theory, representing their own emergent knowledge, inseparable from personal commitments and history. Walking and the associated images and reflections, provided a way to regulate our affect, reconnecting with our bodies, leading to understand and adapt to new meanings of context and ways of coping and healing in this new becoming. The interdisciplinarity of philosophy, social psychology, botany, and clinical psychology is nonetheless rejected in favour of multi-vocality; each author representing their own emergent, living theory, inseparable from personal commitments, and history.
The Use of Pramipexole to Treat Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Lynn Becky Kaufman , Grabenhorst Chloe , Komisaruk Barry R. , Goldstein Irwin , Pfaus Jim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD) is defined as “spontaneous, intrusive, and unwanted genital arousal (tingling, throbbing, pulsating) in the absence of sexual interest and desire” and traditionally causes marked distress, embarrassment and shame. PGAD may be caused by starting, discontinuing, or making adjustments in certain antidepressants or other medications.

Aim
To report the case of a 36- year- old woman with PGAD, likely due to changes in her psychiatric medications, who was treated with pramipexole and experienced improvement in her PGAD symptoms.

Methods
Patient self-report and literature review. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.

Main Outcome Measure
Improvement in PGAD symptoms.

Results
Patient reported improvement in her symptoms by “90%” on a low dose of pramipexole, although higher doses exacerbated her symptoms.

Conclusions
It is likely that an effective treatment window exists for the treatment of PGAD with drugs that possess the ability to exert their control of dopaminergic transmission. This includes direct acting receptor agonists like pramipexole, which produce feedback inhibition. Limitations to their efficacy then involve co-treatments that counteract their ability to exert a dampening effect on hyperstimulated dopamine transmission. It is recommended that clinicians be aware of drugs taken by patients to treat psychiatric disorders that could induce PGAD symptoms, drugs recently discontinued where a rebound effect could lead to PGAD symptoms, and drug mechanisms that could counteract the effect of treatments for PGAD. Lynn BK, Grabenhorst C, Komisaruk BR, et al. The Use of Pramipexole to Treat Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: A Case Report. Sex Med 2021;9:100372.
Use of the O‐Z flap as an alternative to free tissue transfer for reconstruction of large scalp defects
Authors: Cao Austin C. , Carey Ryan M. , Shah Mitali , Chorath Kevin , Brody Robert M. , Cannady Steven B. , Newman Jason G. , Shanti Rabie M. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe reconstruction of large scalp defects poses both functional and cosmetic challenges. While free tissue transfer remains the standard for defects larger than 30 cm2, prolonged anesthesia and postoperative complications remain significant limitations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of O‐Z flaps for the reconstruction of large scalp defects and to describe the techniques employed.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of ten patients who underwent reconstructive surgery using an O‐Z flap approach for large scalp defects between July 2017 and June 2019. The parameters included in this study were patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and postoperative management, collected for at least a year after surgery.ResultsIn this cohort, the mean age was 76.1 years and 90% were male. All patients were treated for neoplastic skin lesions, with 70% located on the vertex and 30% located on the temporoparietal region. The mean size of defect was 52.0 cm2 (range: 38.6 to 63.8 cm2). The maximum hospital stay was two days, and no patients were readmitted within 30 days of surgery. There were no cases of wound infection or flap necrosis. All patients reported pain control with acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Four patients received adjuvant radiation, and there was no delay to receiving treatment following surgery.ConclusionsThe O‐Z flap is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of non‐irradiated scalp defects in the vertex and temporoparietal regions up to 63 cm2. This technique provides advantages for patients, including hairline preservation, shorter hospital stays, and decreased postoperative complications.
A case study of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) control in Puerto Rico using glyphosate and hand removal
Authors: Robles Wilfredo , Martínez Edda L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWaterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm] is an aquatic invasive plant that is widespread in Puerto Rico, where it negatively effects estuaries, freshwater wetlands, potable water reservoirs, and wildlife refuges. Specifically, the tropical estuary San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE) has been impacted with the presence of E. crassipes. Infestations have led to a reduction of water circulation in the system and have facilitated the establishment of invasive fauna. Therefore, a field study was conducted in a cove between Laguna San Jose and Peninsula Cantera to assess the use of glyphosate and hand removal as a management tool for E. crassipes control. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and water quality were also monitored as a measure of environmental impact due to management activities. Results indicated that at 2 wk after glyphosate application, E. crassipes biomass (dry weight) was significantly reduced to 0.27 kg DW m−2 at the treated plot compared with the nontreated plot, which yielded 0.62 kg DW m−2. Fresh weight of E. crassipes decreased more than 90% when hand removal was used compared with glyphosate treatment. Dissolved oxygen and water pH were not significantly different between sites; however, water salinity increased to 8 to 9 ppt at both plots as a result of tidal activity. The order Hemiptera followed by Sarcoptiformes were common in the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. Macroinvertebrate species found associated with E. crassipes and considered natural enemies were: Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork, Niphograpta albigutalis (Warren), and Neochetina eichhorniae Warner. The use of glyphosate to manage E. crassipes at the Laguna San Jose was useful as a short-term control method, and its efficacy may be enhanced over time with follow-up applications in combination with hand removal.
Bioptome-assisted stent repositioning in the case of stent migration during balloon-expandable stenting for coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Awasthy Neeraj , Bisht Dinesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoarctation of aorta is commonly treated with endovascular interventions such as coarctation stenting. Migration of stent is the most dreaded complication of coarctation stenting. A 60-year-old lady with severe malaligned coarctation underwent endovascular stent placement. The expanded stent migrated to proximal aorta, which could be stabilized with a bioptome, re-positioned with a balloon and postdilated to its optimal size, resulting in a good outcome.
Air pollution trade-offs in developing countries: an empirical model of health effects in Goa, India
Authors: Das Sanghamitra , Dayal Vikram , Murugesan Anand , Rajarathnam Uma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping countries experience both household air pollution resulting from the use of biomass fuels for cooking and industrial air pollution. We conceptualise and estimate simultaneous exposure to both outdoor and household air pollution by adapting the Total Exposure Assessment model from environmental health sciences. To study the relationship between total exposure and health, we collected comprehensive data from a region (Goa) in India that had extensive mining activity. Our data allowed us to apportion individuals’ exposure to pollution in micro-environments: indoor, outdoor, kitchen, and at work. We find that higher cumulative exposure to air pollution is positively associated with both self-reported and clinically- diagnosed respiratory health issues. Households in regions with higher economic (mining) activity had higher incomes and had switched to cleaner cooking fuels. In other words, household air pollution due to higher biomass use had been substituted away for outdoor air pollution in regions with economic activity.
The PLUM Earthquake Early Warning Algorithm: A Retrospective Case Study of West Coast, USA, Data
Authors: Kilb D. , Bunn J. J. , Saunders J. K. , Cochran E. S. , Minson S. E. , Baltay A. , O'Rourke C. T. , Hoshiba M. , Kodera Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe PLUM (Propagation of Local Undamped Motion) earthquake early warning (EEW) algorithm differs from typical source‐based EEW algorithms as it predicts shaking directly from observed shaking without first deriving earthquake source information (e.g., magnitude and epicenter). Here, we determine optimal PLUM event detection thresholds for U.S. West Coast earthquakes using two data sets: 558 M3.5+ earthquakes (California, Oregon, Washington; 2012–2017) and the ShakeAlert test suite of historic and problematic signals (1999–2015). PLUM computes Modified Mercalli Intensity (IMMI) using velocity and acceleration data, leveraging co‐located sensors to avoid problematic signals. An event detection is issued when the observed IMMI exceeds a given threshold(s). We find a two‐station detection method using IMMI trigger thresholds of 4.0 and 3.0 for the first and second stations, respectively, is optimal for detecting M4.5+ earthquakes. PLUM detected 79 events in the 2012–2017 data set, reporting (not including telemetry or alert dissemination) detection times on par, and sometimes faster than current EEW methods (mean 8 s; median 6 s). As expected, detection times were slower for the older 1999–2015 earthquakes (N = 21; mean 11 s; median 6 s) when station coverage was sparser. Of the 31 PLUM detected M5+ events (10 2012–2017; 21 1999–2015), theoretically 20 (∼65%) could provide timely warnings. PLUM issued no false detections and avoided issuing detections for all calibration/anomalous signals, regional and teleseismic events. We conclude PLUM can successfully identify IMMI 4+ shaking from local earthquakes and could complement and enhance EEW in the U.S.
Novel clades of soil biphenyl degraders revealed by integrating isotope probing, multi-omics, and single-cell analyses
Authors: Chen Song-Can , Budhraja Rohit , Adrian Lorenz , Calabrese Federica , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Musat Niculina , Richnow Hans-Hermann , Duan Gui-Lan , Zhu Yong-Guan , Musat Florin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most microorganisms in the biosphere remain uncultured and poorly characterized. Although the surge in genome sequences has enabled insights into the genetic and metabolic properties of uncultured microorganisms, their physiology and ecological roles cannot be determined without direct probing of their activities in natural habitats. Here we employed an experimental framework coupling genome reconstruction and activity assays to characterize the largely uncultured microorganisms responsible for aerobic biodegradation of biphenyl as a proxy for a large class of environmental pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls. We used 13C-labeled biphenyl in contaminated soils and traced the flow of pollutant-derived carbon into active cells using single-cell analyses and protein–stable isotope probing. The detection of 13C-enriched proteins linked biphenyl biodegradation to the uncultured Alphaproteobacteria clade UBA11222, which we found to host a distinctive biphenyl dioxygenase gene widely retrieved from contaminated environments. The same approach indicated the capacity of Azoarcus species to oxidize biphenyl and suggested similar metabolic abilities for species of Rugosibacter. Biphenyl oxidation would thus represent formerly unrecognized ecological functions of both genera. The quantitative role of these microorganisms in pollutant degradation was resolved using single-cell-based uptake measurements. Our strategy advances our understanding of microbially mediated biodegradation processes and has general application potential for elucidating the ecological roles of uncultured microorganisms in their natural habitats.
Pancreas morphogenesis and homeostasis depends on tightly regulated Zeb1 levels in epithelial cells
Authors: Lasierra Losada María , Pauler Melissa , Vandamme Niels , Goossens Steven , Berx Geert , Leppkes Moritz , Schuhwerk Harald , Brabletz Simone , Brabletz Thomas , Stemmler Marc P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pancreas is comprised of exocrine and endocrine compartments releasing digestive enzymes into the duodenum and regulating blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon release. Tissue homeostasis is depending on transcription factor networks, involving Ptf1α, Ngn3, Nkx6.1, and Sox9, which are already activated during organogenesis. However, proper organ function is challenged by diets of high sugar and fat content, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and other disorders. A detailed understanding of processes that are important for homeostasis and are impaired during type 2 diabetes is lacking. Here, we show that Zeb1—a transcription factor known for its pivotal role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell plasticity, and metastasis in cancer—is expressed at low levels in epithelial cells of the pancreas and is crucial for organogenesis and pancreas function. Loss of Zeb1 in these cells result in an increase of islet mass, impaired glucose tolerance, and sensitizes to develop liver and pancreas steatosis during diabetes and obesity. Interestingly, moderate overexpression of Zeb1 results in severe pancreas agenesis and lethality after birth, due to islet insufficiency and lack of acinar structures. We show that Zeb1 induction interferes with proper differentiation, cell survival, and proliferation during pancreas formation, due to deregulated expression of endocrine-specific transcription factors. In summary, our analysis suggests a novel role of Zeb1 for homeostasis in epithelial cells that is indispensable for pancreas morphogenesis and proper organ function involving a tight regulation of Zeb1 expression.
Direct supplementation with Urolithin A overcomes limitations of dietary exposure and gut microbiome variability in healthy adults to achieve consistent levels across the population
Authors: Singh Anurag , D’Amico Davide , Andreux Pénélope A. , Dunngalvin Gillian , Kern Timo , Blanco-Bose William , Auwerx Johan , Aebischer Patrick , Rinsch Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Urolithin A (UA) is produced by gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins. UA has been shown to improve mitochondrial health preclinically and in humans. Not everyone has a microbiome capable of producing UA, making supplementation with UA an appealing strategy.

Objective
This is the first detailed investigation of the prevalence of UA producers in a healthy population and the ability of direct UA supplementation to overcome both microbiome and dietary variability. Dietary intake of a glass of pomegranate juice (PJ) was used to assess UA producer status (n = 100 participants) and to characterize differences in gut microbiome between UA producers from non-producers.

Methods
Subjects were randomized (1:1) to either PJ or a food product containing UA (500 mg). Prevalence of UA producers and non-producers were determined in the PJ group. Diet questionnaires and fecal samples were collected to compare differences between UA producers and non-producers along with plasma samples at different time points to assess levels of UA and its conjugates between the interventions.

Results
Only 12% of subjects had detectable levels of UA at baseline. Following PJ intake ~40% of the subjects converted significantly the precursor compounds into UA. UA producers were distinguished by a significantly higher gut microbiome diversity and ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides. Direct supplementation with UA significantly increased plasma levels and provided a >6-fold exposure to UA vs. PJ (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Differences in gut microbiome and diet that dictate natural exposure to UA can be overcome via direct dietary UA supplementation.
A UGT1A1 variant is associated with serum total bilirubin levels, which are causal for hypertension in African-ancestry individuals
Authors: Chen Guanjie , Adeyemo Adebowale , Zhou Jie , Doumatey Ayo P. , Bentley Amy R. , Ekoru Kenneth , Shriner Daniel , Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSerum bilirubin is associated with several clinical outcomes, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and drug metabolism. Here, we describe findings from our genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of serum (TBIL) using a generalized linear mixed model in West Africans (n = 1127), with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, T2D, significant principal components of population structure, and cryptic relatedness. Genome-wide conditional analysis and CAVIARBF were used to fine map significant loci. The causal effect of TBIL on hypertension was assessed by Mendelian randomization (MR) using the GWAS findings as instrumental variables (IVs) in African Americans (n = 3,067). The SNP rs887829 (UGT1A1) was significantly associated with TBIL levels (effect allele (T) frequency = 0.49, β (SE) = 0.59 (0.04), p = 9.13 × 10−54). Genome-wide conditional analysis and regional fine mapping pointed to rs887829 as a possible causal variant with a posterior inclusion probability of 0.99. The T allele of rs887829 is associated with lower hepatic expression of UGT1A1. Using rs887829 as an IV, two-stage least-squares MR showed a causal effect of bilirubin on hypertension (β = −0.76, 95% CI [−1.52, −0.01], p = 0.0459). Our finding confirms that UGT1A1 influences bilirubin levels. Notably, lower TBIL is causally associated with the increased risk of hypertension.