bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Graphene via Raman Micro‐Spectroscopy: Revisited
Authors: Feng Qianchi , Wei Dongshan , Su Yudan , Zhou Zhiguang , Wang Feng , Tian Chuanshan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of a 2D material is a fundamental parameter for both material property and applications. A joint study is hereby reported, using Raman microspectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, of the substrate effects on thermal properties of graphene. It is found that besides the lateral strain induced by the substrate, out‐of‐plane coupling strongly affects the temperature‐dependent vibrational modes and TEC of graphene. MD simulation shows significant reduction of the density of states for longer wavelength out‐of‐plane vibrations when the graphene is supported on an alkane substrate. The negative TEC of freestanding graphene becomes smaller when out‐of‐plane rippling is suppressed. In order to measure TEC of 2D materials with the out‐of‐plane coupling being taken into consideration, a Raman microspectroscopic scheme to separate the contributions of lateral strain and out‐of‐plane coupling to TEC is developed. The TEC of graphene on octadecyltrichlorosilane substrate is found to be (−0.6 ± 0.5) × 10−6 K−1 at room temperature, which is fundamentally smaller than that of freestanding graphene. These results shed light on the fundamental understanding of the interaction between 2D material and substrate, and offer a general recipe for studying separately in‐plane and out‐of‐plane couplings on supported materials.
(Calcium‐Phosphate)/Carrageenan Gardens Grown from the Gel/Liquid Interface
Authors: Fogde Anna , Qudsia Syeda , Le Trung‐Anh , Sandberg Thomas , Huynh Tan‐Phat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, a gel/liquid interface is utilized for growing a new (calcium‐phosphate)/carrageenan garden. The hydrogels are made from carrageenan loaded with either sodium phosphate or calcium chloride, while the interfaced solution contains a source of the salt not used in the hydrogels (i. e. the sodium‐phosphate hydrogel with the calcium‐chloride solution and vice versa). The physical and chemical properties of tubes grown from both systems of the same amount of carrageenan have been reported. Interestingly, when varying the amounts of carrageenan (and thus controlling the stiffness of the phosphate‐hydrogel system), it is possible to control the thickness and height of the tubes.
Learning Words That Matter: Selecting Vocabulary Words for Young Children
Authors: Hadley Elizabeth Burke , Mendez Karyn Zalman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVocabulary learning is an essential component of early literacy instruction. However, choosing appropriate words for instruction can be a challenge, with many resources encouraging the instruction of words that are either too easy or too obscure. This article, based on a systematic review of vocabulary interventions, presents research‐based principles for choosing words to teach. The principles include teaching a variety of words rather than relying too heavily on concrete nouns, choosing "just right" words that are neither too easy nor too hard, teaching words that are useful for accessing complex text and communicating with others, and teaching words that consider the context and the needs of learners.
Reconsideration of the Antiquity of the Middle Palaeolithic Footprints from Theopetra Cave (Thessaly, Greece)
Authors: Kyparissi-Apostolika Nina , Manolis Sotiris K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the 1996 field season, four footprints were found in undisturbed deposits at the borders of squares Θ10-I10 at a depth of 3.5 m at the Theopetra Cave excavation site. The footprints lie adjacent to an ash horizon that has been dated to ca ~135 ka. Two footprints in the trail are complete and measure 150.4 mm and 138.96 mm in length. Based on modern European standards, these lengths would be consistent with young children aged between 2 and 4 years old and 90–100 cm in stature. The two complete footprints, which follow each other in the trail, appear both to have been left feet. The partial print, which immediately precedes the two complete prints in the series, also appears to have been by a left foot. This suggests that what initially seems to be a single trail is actually a composite of two or more trails of prints. This hypothesis is supported by the different characteristics of the two complete prints. One is consistent with a bare foot and clearly shows the impressions of the toes, ball, arch and heel. The other is characterized by a simpler contour and is more sharply defined and indicates that the individual was wearing some kind of foot covering. An important question is what kind of hominid made the footprints? These footprints may have been made by Neanderthals or early Homo sapiens, based on thermoluminescence dating results.
Machine-Learning Defined Networking: Towards Intelligent Networks
Authors: Troia Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the advent of 5G technology and an ever-increasing traffic demand, today Communication Service Providers (CSPs) experience a progressive congestion of their networks. The operational complexity, the use of manual configuration, the static nature of current technologies together with fast-changing traffic profiles lead to: inefficient network utilization, over-provisioning of resources and very high Capital Expenditures (CapEx) and Operational Expenses (OpEx). This situation is forcing the CSPs to change their underlying network technologies, and have started to look at new technological solutions that increase the level of programmability, control, and flexibility of configuration, while reducing the overall costs related to network operations. Software Define Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Machine Learning (ML) are accepted as effective solutions to reduce CapEx and OpEx and to boost network innovation. This chapter summarizes the content of my Ph.D. thesis, by presenting new ML-based approaches in order to efficiently optimize resources in 5G metro-core SDN/NFV networks. The main goal is to provide the modern CSP with intelligent and dynamic network optimization tools in order to address the requirements of increasing traffic demand and 5G technology.
One Step in-Memory Solution of Inverse Algebraic Problems
Authors: Pedretti Giacomo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMachine learning requires to process large amount of irregular data and extract meaningful information. Von-Neumann architecture is being challenged by such computation, in fact a physical separation between memory and processing unit limits the maximum speed in analyzing lots of data and the majority of time and energy are spent to make information travel from memory to the processor and back. In-memory computing executes operations directly within the memory without any information travelling. In particular, thanks to emerging memory technologies such as memristors, it is possible to program arbitrary real numbers directly in a single memory device in an analog fashion and at the array level, execute algebraic operation in-memory and in one step. In this chapter the latest results in accelerating inverse operation, such as the solution of linear systems, in-memory and in a single computational cycle will be presented.
Statistics and Numerical Methods
Authors: Frühwirth Rudolf , Strandlie Are 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe chapter gives an outline of some statistical and numerical methods that will be applied in later chapters. The first section deals with the minimization of functions. Several gradient-based methods and a popular non-gradient method are discussed. The following section discusses statistical models and the estimation of model parameters. The basics of linear and nonlinear regression models and state space models are presented, including least-squares estimation and the (extended) Kalman filter. The final section gives a brief overview of clustering and different types of clustering algorithms.
Track Finding
Authors: Frühwirth Rudolf , Strandlie Are 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is no systematic theory of track finding yet. Therefore, the first section of this chapter presents a list of basic techniques which have been successfully used, stand-alone or in combination, in past and present experiments. Among them are the conformal transformation, the Hough and the Legendre transform, cellular automata and neural networks, pattern matching, and track following by the combinatorial Kalman filter. The following section gives a brief excursion into online or real-time track finding in the collider experiments CDF, ATLAS, and CMS. As track finding in most cases delivers some candidates that do not correspond to actual particle tracks, the concluding section discusses methods for an efficient selection of valid candidates.
Aims of Citizenship Education Across Nordic Countries: Comparing School Principals’ Priorities in Citizenship Education 2009–2016
Authors: Seland Idunn , Huang Lihong , Arensmeier Cecilia , Bruun Jens , Löfström Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Nordic welfare state has been associated with certain ideas of citizenship, the highlights of which are equal rights, social mobility, democracy, and participation. To better understand how these ideas are interpreted in the educational system, this chapter compares school principals’ prioritization of the aims of civic and citizenship education in four Nordic countries as they are expressed in IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). We discuss our findings in relation to the Nordic model of education, meaning the governance of education epitomizing the Nordic welfare state. When comparing data from the survey of school principals in ICCS 2009 with ICCS 2016, we find a consistent prioritization of promoting students’ critical thinking, while items concerning democratic participation are the lowest priority. While these results are similar to the international sample, the Nordic principals’ support for promoting critical thinking is consistently stronger. In the Nordic welfare state, a shift toward neoliberal policies is seen as an adaption to economic challenges with an emphasis on development of human capital through knowledge, skills, and abilities. However, as critical thinking represents such abilities, this may also be seen as a prerequisite for social critique and political mobilization. We review these possibilities as representations of a break in or a continuation of the traditional ideas of citizenship associated with the Nordic welfare state. We conclude that, for Nordic principals, critical thinking may align with the recent international emphasis on competence while also relating to the concept of Bildung, an 18th-century emancipation ideal with deep roots in the Nordic model of education.
Developing Digital Citizenship and Civic Engagement Through Social Media Use in Nordic Schools
Authors: Christensen Ingrid R. , Biseth Heidi , Huang Lihong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the factors involved in developing digital citizenship through social media use in schools for 14-year-old students in four Nordic countries. The call for digital citizenship and digital citizenship education stems from the new and multiple ways in which young people are engaging in and communicating about civic issues through the use of social media. Schools could be considered to play a core part in developing students’ digital civic engagement, yet the field of digital citizenship education and the factors that enable engagement in schools are underexplored. To address this issue, in this chapter we have completed a mixed methods study analyzing the national curricula in the four Nordic countries and complementing this with an analysis of data from school leaders, teachers, and 14-year-old students participating in the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016. The findings of the analysis show that digital citizenship and citizenship in general are prevailing ideals in the national curricula and that schools are well-equipped technologically. Yet, both teachers and students are ambivalent in their use of social media for developing digital citizenship. Thus, we argue that digital citizenship in education is a manifold and emerging phenomenon and that students might be important guides for its further development in schools.
The Young Environmental Citizens in Nordic Countries: Their Concerns, Values, Engagement, and Intended Future Actions
Authors: Huang Lihong , Cheah Saiki Lucy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents an analysis of students’ concerns, values, engagement, and intended future participation on environmental issues in relation to their home socioeconomic background, gender, and migrant status. Analyzing IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016 data of Nordic countries, we first present descriptions of student responses to all questions related to environmental issues and compare Nordic results with European and international averages. Then, we construct a composite score of student environmental citizenship for investigating its relationship with student background factors such as gender, migrant status, and home socioeconomic status through comparing means between student groups with different background characteristics. Lastly, we apply factorial ANOVA analysis method to examine the effect sizes of student background factors and the interactions between them on youth environmental citizenship in the four countries. The results show that there are both similarities and small variations in elements of student environmental citizenship among the Nordic countries and in comparison with their European and international peers. Nordic students stand out as the concerned environmental citizens while they are somehow lower than their European and international peers in engagement, values, and intended participation of environmental citizenship. We find that student environmental citizenship is socially divided in all Nordic countries as it differs significantly between students from different socioeconomic strata and genders. Although not all differences of student environmental citizenship by migrant status are statistically significant among the Nordic countries, we find some significant influence of migrant status interaction with socioeconomic statuses and genders.
Civic and Citizenship Education: From Big Data to Transformative Education
Authors: Biseth Heidi , Hoskins Bryony , Huang Lihong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter brings the results from the chapters in this book together to explore how civic and citizenship education can be or is relevant in a context beyond school. We have demonstrated that IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) provides results based on conventional understandings of democracy but also includes elements allowing us to address issues supporting the need for profound changes in education and, hence, relevant for both policymakers and practitioners working to make education relevant to the world the students are entering. To enable and support our young citizens in their civic actions in a rapidly changing world, we need transformative civic education. A Nordic lens on civic and citizenship education allows questions relevant for an advanced technological future and promoting civic engagement through education for environmental sustainability. How to measure and to teach civic and citizenship education is relevant to the extent that it is addressing the reality in which we live, the societal and environmental challenges we face.
Arbeit 4.0 in der Produktentstehung mit IviPep
Authors: Foullois Marc , Kato-Beiderwieden Anna-Lena , Mlekus Lisa , Maier Günter W. , Jenderny Sascha , Röcker Carsten , Dietz Oliver , Pretzlaff Matthias , Huxdorf Oliver , von Dungern Friedrich , Bräutigam Dieter , Seifert Lars , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungTechnologien der Digitalisierung haben großes Potenzial, die Art und Weise, wie wir wirtschaften und arbeiten, grundlegend zu verändern. Vor allem in der Produktentstehung verspricht die Digitalisierung ein hohes Nutzenpotenzial. Das Projekt „Instrumentarium zur Gestaltung individualisierter virtueller Produktentstehungsprozesse in der Industrie 4.0“ (IviPep) hat das Ziel der menschengerechten Gestaltung der digitalen Arbeitswelt bei gleichzeitiger Effizienzsteigerung der Produktentstehung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden ausgehend von der Zielsetzung die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens beschrieben. Hierzu werden sowohl die elementaren Forschungsergebnisse, als auch die Anwendungsbeispiele der Partnerunternehmen vorgestellt. Abschließend wird das Instrumentarium beschrieben. Das Verbundprojekt wurde im Rahmen des Programms „Zukunft der Arbeit“ vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) und dem Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) gefördert (Förderkennzeichen 01FI16133).
Hierda – Humanisierung digitaler Arbeit durch Cowork-Spaces
Authors: Bouncken Ricarda B. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Verbundprojekt Humanisierung digitaler Arbeit durch Cowork-Spaces (Hierda) beschäftigt sich mit neuen Formen der Arbeit, konkret dem Coworking. Ziel des Projektes war zunächst die Analyse von Formen der Coworking-Spaces. Anschließend wurden Instrumente entwickelt, mit denen Treiber und Barrieren in Coworking-Spaces gestärkt respektive entfernt werden können. Dabei steht die Humanisierung der digitalen Arbeit im Vordergrund. Für dieses Ziel arbeiten Partner aus Wissenschaft und Praxis Hand in Hand zusammen. Anschließend erfolgt die Implementierung der Instrumente zunächst bei den Projekt- und Umsetzungspartnern, später bei Coworking-Spaces und Unternehmen in ganz Deutschland. Durch eine begleitende Evaluation der Instrumente werden am Ende Best Practices abgeleitet.
Digitalisierung und Logistik
Authors: Schmitz Alexandra , Wei Fuyin , Uske Hans , Noche Bernd 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas BMBF-geförderte Verbundprojekt „Gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsgestaltung für digitalisierte Dispositions- und Dokumentationsaufgaben in der Logistik“ (Pro-DigiLog) betrachtete die Digitalisierung der Arbeit in der Logistikbranche und deren Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigten und Unternehmen.Im Kapitel fassen die Autoren die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes zusammen, indem sowohl eine ingenieurwissenschaftliche Entwicklung im Rahmen des Projekts beschrieben wird als auch eine aus dem Projekt resultierende Diskussion. Dabei werden die Besonderheiten der Logistik und die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung dargestellt. Mit der beispielhaften Beschreibung eines Dokumentationsprozesses in einem Pilotunternehmen wird ein Verfahren aufgezeigt, wie sich Dokumentationsprozesse in der Logistik kostengünstig digitalisieren lassen. Ferner wird mithilfe von sieben Thesen zur Digitalisierung in der Logistik und den Möglichkeiten gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsgestaltung ein Resümee gezogen.
Alles agil, alles gut?
Authors: Neumer Judith , Nicklich Manuel , Tihlarik Amelie , Wille Christian , Pfeiffer Sabine 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungAgile Projektarbeit zieht in immer mehr Branchen Interesse auf sich. Gemeint sind damit unterschiedliche Ansätze (z. B. Scrum), die auf selbstorganisiertes Arbeiten im Team setzen und Nähe zum Kunden versprechen. Agiles Arbeiten birgt für Beschäftigte neben mehr Handlungsspielräumen auch Risiken wie psychische Belastungen. Das Projekt diGAP erforschte, wie Gute agile Projektarbeit unter Bedingungen der Digitalisierung ermöglicht und praxistauglich unterstützt werden kann. Gestützt auf Befragungen, Interviews und Beobachtungen sowie Workshops mit Beschäftigten wurden entscheidende Aspekte agiler Projektarbeit herausgearbeitet. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurden Gestaltungsfelder, Maßnahmen und Modelle für Gute agile Arbeit entwickelt.
On the Lagrangian formulation of the double copy to cubic order
Authors: Ferrero Pietro , Francia Dario 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the Lagrangian formulation of the double-copy correspondence between gauge theories and gravity, up to the cubic order. Building on the definition of the double-copy field as a convolution of two vectors, we obtain free gravitational Lagrangians as products of two Yang-Mills Lagrangians, in a form amenable to be easily extended to the massive case. We discuss the origin of these results from tensionless strings and show the existence of gauge fixings that mix the two spin-one sectors and lead to an alternative, especially simple, version of the free Lagrangian. We then construct cubic vertices for the full double-copy multiplet, comprising a graviton, a two-form and a scalar particle, by means of the Noether procedure. Both at the free and at the cubic level the result gets uniquely fixed only upon imposing, on top of gauge invariance, a left-right Lorentz symmetry ruling contraction of indices among double-copy fields. Whereas the outcome nicely matches the cubic interactions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 supergravity, including the gauge-invariant coupling between the scalar particle and the two-form, such a twofold Lorentz symmetry seems to conflict with the perturbative reconstruction of spacetime geometry.
Integrable lattice models and holography
Authors: Ashwinkumar Meer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory onD ×ℂ (whereDis a disk), which is understood to describe rational solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation from the work of Costello, Witten and Yamazaki. We find that the theory is dual to a boundary theory, that is a three-dimensional analogue of the two-dimensional chiral WZW model. This boundary theory gives rise to a current algebra that turns out to be an “analytically-continued” toroidal Lie algebra. In addition, we show how certain bulk correlation functions of two and three Wilson lines can be captured by boundary correlation functions of local operators in the three-dimensional WZW model. In particular, we reproduce the leading and subleading nontrivial contributions to the rationalR-matrix purely from the boundary theory.