bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A test of a generalized, optimal habitat selection model for drift‐feeding fishes: brook charr
Authors: Sliger R. , Grossman G. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptimality theory is useful for modeling habitat use in animals, although many models have not been rigorously tested. We evaluated the ability of the Grossman et al. net‐energy‐intake (NEI) optimal foraging model for drift‐feeding stream fishes, to predict the holding velocity (microhabitat) of native brook charr (BC; Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting a southern Appalachian stream. This model postulates that fish choose holding velocities that maximize their NEI, and is broadly applicable to stream fishes, many of which are drift‐feeders. We used laboratory prey capture success versus water velocity data to quantify the relationship between prey capture success, water velocity, and holding velocity of BC (N = 21, mean standard length = 147 mm ± 14 sd). Parameterization of the Grossman et al. model yielded an optimal holding velocity prediction of 18.5 cm·s−1. Based on fitting criteria from previous work, the model prediction was successful because it fell within the 95% confidence interval (13.5–20.5 cm·s−1) of mean holding velocities (17.0 cm·s−1, N = 26) of BC in Lynn Camp Prong, Tennessee. Consequently, NEI maximization likely is a causal factor affecting BC habitat choice. Our result argues strongly for the general usefulness of this model.
Taking flight: An ecological, evolutionary and genomic perspective on bat telomeres
Authors: Power Megan L. , Foley Nicole M. , Jones Gareth , Teeling Emma C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver 20% of all living mammals are bats (order Chiroptera). Bats possess extraordinary adaptations including powered flight, laryngeal echolocation and a unique immune system that enables them to tolerate a diversity of viral infections without presenting clinical disease symptoms. They occupy multiple trophic niches and environments globally. Significant physiological and ecological diversity occurs across the order. Bats also exhibit extreme longevity given their body size with many species showing few signs of ageing. The molecular basis of this extended longevity has recently attracted attention. Telomere maintenance potentially underpins bats’ extended healthspan, although functional studies are still required to validate the causative mechanisms. In this review, we detail the current knowledge on bat telomeres, telomerase expression, and how these relate to ecology, longevity and life‐history strategies. Patterns of telomere shortening and telomerase expression vary across species, and comparative genomic analyses suggest that alternative telomere maintenance mechanisms evolved in the longest‐lived bats. We discuss the unique challenges faced when working with populations of wild bats and highlight ways to advance the field including expanding long‐term monitoring across species that display contrasting life‐histories and occupy different environmental niches. We further review how new high quality, chromosome‐level genome assemblies can enable us to uncover the molecular mechanisms governing telomere dynamics and how phylogenomic analyses can reveal the adaptive significance of telomere maintenance and variation in bats.
Testing fundamentalist–momentum trader financial cycles: An empirical analysis via the Kalman filter
Authors: Gusella Filippo , Stockhammer Engelbert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an empirical test for Minskyan financial cycles in asset prices, driven by the interaction of fundamentalist and momentum traders. Both agents’ beliefs about the future are unobserved and can be modelled in a state space model. We use the Kalman filter to identify the two behavioral rules and evaluate whether the conditions for the existence of cycles hold. The model is estimated for equity and housing prices for France, Germany, the UK and the United States, for the period 1970–2017, with annual and quarterly data. We find robust empirical support for the existence of endogenous financial cycles in equity markets for all countries and for France, the UK and the United States for housing markets.
Consumer confidence, consumption, and macroeconomic fluctuations: A systemic stock‐flow consistent model
Authors: Sahin Sercin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past 40 years, consumption and household debt have been the major factor lying behind aggregate fluctuations in economies. This study investigates if the psychological characteristics of households can drive these fluctuations and which policies can be effective in reducing their amplitude. To this end, we have built a system dynamics model based on the stock‐flow consistent framework. Our main finding is that households’ psychological characteristics are the primary determinant of the behavior and stability properties of income, consumption, and household debt. The government can apply countercyclical fiscal or countercyclical transfer policies to tame fluctuations in these variables.
Southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus hijacks SNARE complex of its insect vector for its effective transmission to rice
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Xiaowan , Li Li , Wang Xifeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVesicular trafficking is an important dynamic process that facilitates intracellular transport of biological macromolecules and their release into the extracellular environment. However, little is known about whether or how plant viruses utilize intracellular vesicles to their advantage. Here, we report that southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) enters intracellular vesicles in epithelial cells of its insect vector by engaging VAMP7 and Vti1a proteins in the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. The major outer capsid protein P10 of SRBSDV was shown to interact with VAMP7 and Vti1a of the white‐backed planthopper and promote the fusion of vesicles into a large vesicle, which finally fused with the plasma membrane to release virions from midgut epithelial cells. Downregulation of the expression of either VAMP7 or Vti1a did not affect viral entry and accumulation in the gut, but significantly reduced viral accumulation in the haemolymph. It also did not affect virus acquisition, but significantly reduced the virus transmission efficiency to rice. Our data reveal a critical mechanism by which a plant reovirus hijacks the vesicle transport system to overcome the midgut escape barrier in vector insects and provide new insights into the role of the SNARE complex in viral transmission and the potential for developing novel strategies of viral disease control.
Adaptive responses to temperature and precipitation variation at the early‐life stages ofPinus sylvestris
Authors: Ramírez‐Valiente José Alberto , Solé‐Medina Aida , Pyhäjärvi Tanja , Savolainen Outi , Heer Katrin , Opgenoorth Lars , Danusevicius Darius , Robledo‐Arnuncio Juan José 
Published: August 2021

SummaryEarly‐stage fitness variation has been seldom evaluated at broad scales in forest tree species, despite the long tradition of studying climate‐driven intraspecific genetic variation. In this study, we evaluated the role of climate in driving patterns of population differentiation at early‐life stages inPinus sylvestrisand explored the fitness and growth consequences of seed transfer within the species range.We monitored seedling emergence, survival and growth over a 2‐yr period in a multi‐site common garden experiment which included 18 European populations and spanned 25° in latitude and 1700 m in elevation.Climate–fitness functions showed that populations exhibited higher seedling survival and growth at temperatures similar to their home environment, which is consistent with local adaptation. Northern populations experienced lower survival and growth at warmer sites, contrary to previous studies on later life stages. Seed mass was higher in populations from warmer areas and was positively associated with survival and growth at more southern sites. Finally, we did not detect a survival–growth trade‐off; on the contrary, bigger seedlings exhibited higher survival probabilities under most climatic conditions.In conclusion, our results reveal that contrasting temperature regimes have played an important role in driving the divergent evolution ofP. sylvestrispopulations at early‐life stages.
Peer‐supported lifestyle interventions on body weight, energy intake, and physical activity in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Siew , Lee Wai Kit , Tan Andy , Chen Mingling , Tay Chau Thien , Sood Surbhi , Pirotta Stephanie , Moran Lisa J. , Daivadanam Meena , Busija Ljoudmila , Skouteris Helen , Awoke Mamaru A. , Hill Briony 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThere is an increasing interest in peer interventions in the management of chronic conditions, but evidence on peer interventions for body weight is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of peer interventions on body weight, energy intake, and physical activity in adults. Interventions delivered by peer (lay member that participants identify with) were included. We searched 14 databases. Outcomes were combined in the meta‐analysis using the inverse variance random‐effects model. From 2435 articles, 65 articles were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis (n = 15,673). Peer interventions resulted in significant reduction in weight (mean difference [MD] −1.05 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.68, −0.43; 95% prediction interval [PI] −3.25, 1.14; 28 studies; 7142 participants), BMI (MD −0.24 kg/m2; 95% CI −0.44, −0.04; 95% PI −0.92, 0.45; 25 studies; 6672 participants), waist circumference (MD −0.75 cm; 95% CI −1.29, −0.21; 95% PI −1.36, −0.14; 12 studies; 4280 participants), and significant increase in physical activity (SMD 0.20; 95% CI 0.09, 0.32; 95% PI −0.46, 0.86; 41 studies; 10,778 participants) with no significant effect on energy intake. This study suggests peer interventions are effective in reducing waist circumference, but further research is needed to confirm its effect on other obesity‐related outcomes.
Salivary and gingival CXCL8 correlation with periodontal status, periodontal pathogens, and smoking
Authors: Frasheri Iris , Heym Richard , Ern Christina , Summer Burkhard , Hennessen Till G. , Högg Christof , Reichl Franz‐Xaver , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesNeutrophil granulocytes have been proposed to play a major role in the mediation of periodontitis‐associated tissue destruction. Their recruitment and activation are regulated by the chemokine CXCL8. This study aimed to delineate the dependency of CXCL8 expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva on periodontal status, bacterial infection, and smoking, in patients with periodontitis.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 279 subjects with untreated periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and bone loss were evaluated. CXCL8 was determined in saliva and GCF using flow cytometry.ResultsConsidering the entire study sample, CXCL8 levels were correlated with the mean PPD (ρ = 0.131; p = 0.029), severity of periodontitis (ρ = 0.121; p = 0.043), BOP (ρ = 0.204; p = 0.001), and smoking (ρ = −0.219; p < 0.0001) in GCF; and, in whole saliva, with mean PPD (ρ = 0.154; p = 0.010) severity of periodontitis (ρ = 0.140; p = 0.020), gender (ρ = 0.178; p = 0.003), and smoking (ρ = −0.156; p = 0.010). Subgroup analysis among non‐smokers revealed significantly higher amounts of CXCL8 in GCF (p = 0.012) and saliva (p = 0.026) comparing subjects with mean PPD ≤3mm and >3mm.ConclusionThe current study revealed a strong dependency of CXCL8 expression in GCF on the severity and activity of periodontal disease. Smoking causes a significant reduction in CXCL8 expression in saliva and GCF.
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 stimulates osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in periodontitis
Authors: Pei Qing‐guo , Wang Hai‐cheng , Li Lin , Wang Zuo‐lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM‐2) in the healthy and diseased tissue, including gingivitis or periodontitis, and then to assess whether it has an impact on the development of periodontitis.Methods and materialsThe gingival tissues from healthy controls, gingivitis, and periodontitis underwent hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining, and the association of TREM‐2 expression or TREM‐2+ cell counts with clinical parameters was assessed. An anti‐TREM‐2 antibody was used to block the osteoclastogenesis in vitro and during the experimental periodontitis by injection into the gingiva. The relative gene expression of TREM‐2 in different gingival tissues was analyzed by quantitative PCR.ResultsIn the gingival tissues of periodontitis, TREM‐2 expression and TREM‐2+ cell counts were significantly higher than those of gingivitis and healthy controls (p<0.05). In the group of periodontitis showing moderate signs, the gingival tissues displayed significantly lower TREM‐2 expression, in contrast with the group with advanced periodontal symptoms (p < 0.05). Consistently, blocking TREM‐2 significantly decreased osteoclast formation both in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.05).ConclusionIncreased TREM‐2 expression and TREM‐2+ cells were positively associated with the development of periodontitis. Osteoclast differentiation and stimulating alveolar bone loss were partly relied on TREM‐2, which could be a target to be blocked for attenuating osteoclastogenesis in periodontitits.
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia induced by respiratory alkalosis mediated hypokalemia in a patient with acute ischemic heart failure
Authors: Kulahcioglu Seyhmus , Baysal Pınar Karaca , Kup Ayhan , Imanov Elmin , Uslu Abdulkadir , Demir Serdar , Gulsen Kamil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is a rare arrhythmia that is generally observed in patients with catecholaminergic ventricular tachycardia or digoxin overdose. Herein, we present a case of BVT and electrical storm (ES) in an acute ischemic heart failure patient that is typically induced by hypokalemia. The patient was in invasive mechanical ventilator (MV) support and hypokalemia was related to acute respiratory alkalosis and that caused refractory hypokalemia despite intravenous (IV) potassium replacement. We also discuss our approach to solve refractory hypokalemia caused by respiratory alkalosis.
Embodiment in online psychotherapy: A qualitative study
Authors: García Enara , Di Paolo Ezequiel A. , De Jaegher Hanne 
Published: August 2021

As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many therapists and patients have been required to switch to online sessions in order to continue their treatments. Online psychotherapy has become increasingly popular, and although its efficacy seems to be similar to face‐to‐face encounters, its capacity to support the implicit nonverbal and embodied aspects of the therapeutic relationship has been questioned and remains understudied.ObjectivesTo study how embodied and intersubjective processes are modified in online psychotherapy sessions.DesignTaking the enactive concept of participatory sense‐making as a guiding thread, we designed an interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the experiences of embodiment in online therapy.MethodsWe conducted phenomenological semi‐structured interviews with patients and therapists who have recently switched from face‐to‐face encounters to online modality.ResultsAdjustments in verbal and nonverbal behavior, gaze behavior, management of silences, and displacements of non‐intentional and pre‐reflective patterns onto reflective ones are reported as necessary to compensate for changes introduced in the online modality.ConclusionsFrom an enactive perspective, such adaptations manifest regulatory processes aimed at sustaining interactive dynamics and coordinating the primordial tension between relational and individual norms in social encounters.Practitioner pointsWe examine different aspects of embodiment that practitioners should take into account when switching from face‐to‐face to online encounters with their clients.Online communication systems can alter aspects of the therapeutic relationship, such as its structure, its fragility, and its significance.Video calls afford new forms of intervention such as integrating the experience of patients with their self‐image, incorporating information about their habitual environment into the process, and adopting less confrontational therapeutic styles.
Invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit in Fukuoka
Authors: Ohta Eiji , Setoue Takashi , Ito Kazutoshi , Kodera Tatsurou , Onda Yasuhiro , Kawano Hiroyasu , Niimi Toshikazu , Kakura Hiroya , Morii Mariko , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Hashiguchi Chizuru , Nakamura Masatoshi , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of IC infection in newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary hospital in Japan, and to identify specific predisposing factors for IC.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of infants with IC, who were discharged from a tertiary NICU in Japan between January 2009 and December 2020. We compared predisposing factors associated with the occurrence of early‐onset IC (EOIC < 72 h) and late‐onset IC (LOIC ≥ 72 h) with those of early‐onset and late‐onset bacterial sepsis.ResultsBetween January 2009 and December 2020, 3,549 infants were admitted to the NICU, including 344 extremely‐low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Eleven infants (including nine ELBW infants) had IC (incidence 0.31%), and the mortality rate of IC was 0%. Four (36%) infants had EOIC and seven (64%) had LOIC. All those with EOIC presented with skin lesions and 86% with LOIC had thrombocytopenia. Maternal vaginal Candida colonization was a more specific predisposing factor for EOIC, while gestational age <26 weeks, broad‐spectrum antibiotic use, prior bacterial infection, prior gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, and GI diseases were more specific predisposing factors for LOIC.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that maternal vaginal Candida colonization and skin lesions in ELBW infants may contribute to early recognition of EOIC. LOIC should be suspected if ELBW infants with several predisposing factors of LOIC have thrombocytopenia.
Patient background related to success and adverse event in pediatric sedated MRI
Authors: Konda Yutaka , Mihira Hajime , Akiyama Louis , Shiko Yuki , Ozawa Yoshihito , Kawasaki Yohei , Fujii Katsunori , Hiramoto Ryugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe success rate of sedation with triclofos sodium and midazolam for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported. However, there are no reports of an association of adverse events and examination success rates with patient medical backgrounds using a combination of these sedatives. We performed this study to investigate these points.MethodsWe investigated 191 pediatric patients who were sedated for MRI with triclofos sodium and midazolam at Matsudo City Hospital between November 2013 and October 2015. We surveyed the patients' characteristics, including age, sex, body weight, allergies, medication, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, airway obstruction factors, and developmental disorders. Outcomes were sedation success and adverse events, including oxygen desaturation. We reviewed the relationship between patient backgrounds and each adverse event or success rate of sedation.ResultsAmong all cases, the success rate was 92.7%. Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.984), developmental disorders (OR = 0.215), and respiratory disorders (OR = 0.353) were factors for lower success rates. Adding midazolam was associated with a higher success rate (OR = 5.971), but the higher total dose of midazolam was associated with sedation failure (OR = 0.003). The only adverse event was oxygen desaturation (11.5%). Older age affected oxygen desaturation with multiple analysis. However, by stepwise analysis, no patient medical background nor sedative dose was associated with oxygen desaturation.ConclusionsOlder age, developmental disorders, and respiratory disorders were associated with sedation failure. Increasing midazolam did not increase the success rate, and there might be an optimal dose of midazolam.
Evaluation of children and adolescent with cystic fibrosis by pancreatic elastography
Authors: Yılmaz Kamil , Hattapoğlu Salih , Şen Velat , Karabel Müsemma , Kan Ahmet , Yılmaz Engin Deniz , Selimoglu Sen Hadice , Yılmaz Sureyya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease. Clinical findings vary by age of the patient, the organ systems involved, and the severity of the CFTR gene mutation. Pancreatic and liver involvement is prominent and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is observed in the majority of patients. Point shear wave elastography (pSWE) is a non‐invasive method that can quantitatively determine tissue elasticity and stiffness.In this study, the morphological evaluation of the pancreas was performed using the pSWE technique in pediatric patients diagnosed with CF. The effectiveness of this method for the early detection of pancreatic insufficiency was investigated.MethodsFifty‐five patients with CF (24 girls, 31 boys) and 60 healthy children (29 girls, 31 boys) without any chronic diseases and who were suitable for the pSWE examination were included in the study.ResultsThe mean value of pSWE was 1.12 ± 0.16 in the healthy group and 0.97 ± 0.16 in the patients with cystic fibrosis. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between pSWE and age (r = −0.319; P = 0.018), height (r = −0.293; P = 0.03), serum glucose (r = −0.346; P = 0.01), HbA1C (r = −0.592; P = 0.02), and duration of the disease (r = −0.806; P < 0.001).ConclusionsInvestigating pancreatic elasticity and detecting pancreatic insufficiency using pSWE (a simple, inexpensive, and non‐invasive method) in the early period before overt laboratory and clinical symptoms of EPI appear can contribute positively to long‐term results in young patients with CF.