bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics in the Transition Region beneath Active Region Upflows Viewed by IRIS
Authors: Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Fu Hui , Hou Zhenyong , Wang Ziyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coronal upflows at the edges of active regions (ARs), which are a possible source of slow solar wind, have been found to connect with dynamics in the transition region. To infer at what scale transition region dynamics connect to AR upflows, we investigate the statistical properties of the small-scale dynamics in the transition region underneath the upflows at the edge of NOAA Active Region 11934. With observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), we found that the Si iv 1403 Å Doppler map consists of numerous blueshifted and redshifted patches mostly with sizes less than 1 Mm2. The blueshifted structures in the transition region tend to be brighter than the redshifted ones, but their nonthermal velocities have no significant difference. With the SWAMIS feature-tracking procedure, we found in IRIS slit-jaw 1400 Å images that dynamic bright dots with an average size of about 0.3 Mm2 and lifetimes of mostly less than 200 s were spread all over the region. Most of the bright dots appear to be localized, without a clear signature of plasma propagation to a long distance on the projection plane. Surge-like motions with speeds of about 15 km s−1 could be seen in some events at the boundaries of the upflow region, where the magnetic field appeared to be inclined. We conclude that the transition region dynamics connecting to coronal upflows should occur in at a very fine scale, suggesting that the corresponding coronal upflows should also be highly structured. It is also plausible that the transition region dynamics might just act as stimulation at the coronal base, which then drives the upflows in the corona.
Numerical MHD Simulations of the 3D Morphology and Kinematics of the 2017 September 10 CME-driven Shock from the Sun to Earth
Authors: Yang Liping , Wang Haopeng , Feng Xueshang , Xiong Ming , Zhang Man , Zhu Bei , Li Huichao , Zhou Yufen , Shen Fang , Zhao Xinhua , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A global, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation model has been employed to study the 3D morphology and kinematics of the large shock driven by the 2017 September 10 coronal mass ejection (CME). Based on actual solar observations, which include the photospheric magnetic field and the CME’s speed and source location, the simulation result is delicately tuned by matching with coronal polarized brightness observations and in situ solar-wind measurements at 1 au. The simulation reproduces well the shock’s shape and position in coronagraphic images. The shock’s physical parameters at 1 au are similar to those constrained from the observations, with the simulated transit time being nearly the same as the observed one. The simulation reveals that the shock around the backward direction keeps propagating away from the Sun, and despite its large extent, the shock cannot be seen as a spherical structure forming a 360° envelope around the Sun. Identified as a fast forward shock, the shock has a sharp velocity jump and a large density compression with a Mach number larger than one from the nose toward the lateral parts, consistent with a driven shock all across the front. Compared to the nose, the right flank of the shock has a weak compression ratio, but probably yields enhanced energetic particles for observers aligned with it. It follows that large CME-driven shocks have the potential to accelerate energetic particles over a wide longitudinal separation and are likely responsible for the production of these particles in the inner heliosphere.
L’intelligence des symptômes du burn-out
Authors: Pelletier Lou 
Published: September 2021

Le burn-out est un syndrome individuel par définition lié au travail et caractérisé par trois symptômes : épuisement émotionnel, dépersonnalisation ou cynisme et réduction du sentiment d’accomplissement personnel. En supposant qu’ils constituent une réaction défensive du sujet par rapport à son environnement de travail, que disent-ils qui ne peut s’exprimer autrement ? En quoi constituent-ils une réponse intelligente, que nous tentons de rendre intelligible ?
La laïcité à l’école publique
Authors: Klein Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Comment pratiquer la laïcité à l’école publique, quelle que soit la population scolaire ? Un directeur d’école rappelle les principes fondamentaux de l’école laïque. Il montre qu’en dépit des discours catastrophistes sur l’école, il est possible de faire des propositions qui permettent d’inclure plutôt que d’exclure, que ce soit pour l’enseignement des faits religieux, à la cantine ou lors des sorties scolaires.
Du sens au travail : une quête existentielle
Authors: Lederlin Fanny 
Published: September 2021

La quête de sens au travail est devenue une préoccupation majeure des travailleurs. Mais les réponses apportées par les experts en management ou les coachs professionnels ne sont, la plupart du temps, pas adaptées à ce qui relève d’un questionnement existentiel. Au fond, au travail comme ailleurs, le sens ne saurait être donné de l’extérieur : il est contenu dans son expérience et suppose, pour être révélé, qu’elle soit adéquate et complète.
Processus de symbolisation dans la vie psychique, la création d’images matérielles et de technologies : les identifications à l’épreuve du virtuel
Authors: Tisseron Serge 
Published: September 2021

La création de concepts, d’images concrètes et de technologies est l’expression diversifiée d’une seule et unique compétence humaine : la capacité de symbolisation. L’homme exerce cette capacité à la fois dans sa relation à son monde du dedans et au monde environnant selon les trois mêmes axes complémentaires : il s’immerge, il transforme et il cherche à donner aux représentations et aux objets qui en résultent une signification qui donne sens à sa vie et qui l’insère dans sa communauté. L’homme crée donc à la fois des images matérielles et des objets avec lesquels il entretient les mêmes relations qu’avec ses images du dedans. Il crée des images dans lesquelles il se plonge comme dans un territoire à explorer, il les transforme selon ses souhaits et il tient à leur donner un sens partagé. Et il crée des objets technologiques avec lesquels il entretient également les mêmes relations : il les habite et parfois il les contient, comme pour nos diverses prothèses, il les transforme et se laisse transformer par eux, et il tente de leur donner un sens partagé. La création d’environnements virtuels collaboratifs peuplés d’avatars qui incarnent leurs utilisateurs obéit exactement à la même logique. Et l’être humain établit avec les figures qui le représentent et celles qui représentent les autres utilisateurs les mêmes formes de relation qu’avec des humains physiques. Les diverses formes d’identification distinguée par la psychanalyse s’y retrouvent notamment.
Validating the growth increment periodicity in the otoliths of three small progenetic gobies
Authors: Pérez-Mayol Sílvia , Álvarez Itziar , Riera-Batle Inmmaculada , Grau Amalia , Morales-Nin Beatriz 
Published: September 2021

We determined the efficacy of marking the otoliths of three small-sized progenetic gobies to validate their increment periodicity. These small gobies have high mortalities and rearing difficulties, making direct validation difficult. The otoliths were marked by immersing the fish in a bath of alizarin red S. The fishes were euthanatized and the number of increments in their otoliths laid down after the fluorescent mark were counted and compared with the number of elapsed days. The results validated the daily periodicity of Aphia minuta and Pseudaphya ferreri. The high mortality hindered the validation of Crystallogobius linearis.
Les écritures de l’espace minier
Authors: Minvielle Larousse Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

Cette contribution propose d’examiner les productions et pratiques de l’écrit documentaire générées par les acteurs des mines argentifères du Languedoc oriental. En l’absence d’archives constituées pour ce domaine de l’histoire du travail et des techniques, c’est à partir d’un corpus hétérogène de 261 documents allant du xiie au xve siècle que les réflexions seront conduites. L’objectif est d’interroger la place que prenait l’écrit dans le processus de production, de questionner son rapport avec l’oralité et d’identifier les différents usages de l’écrit, de leurs fonctions initiales à leurs altérations.
Initial experience with three-dimensional heads-up display system for cataract surgery – A comparative study
Authors: Kelkar Jai A , Kelkar Aditya S , Bolisetty Mounika 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To compare the complication rates, surgical time and learning curve using the 3-D Heads up display system in comparison with the conventional microscope for routine cataract surgery.

Methods:
Consecutive consenting adults with uncomplicated cataract were offered phacoemulsification using the 3-D Heads up display system (ARTEVO 800 Carl Zeiss Meditec) or the conventional microscope (Zeiss Lumera 700) by two experienced surgeons. Surgical time, measured from start of corneal incision to removal of microscope from the surgical field and complication rates were compared between the groups.

Results:
Of the 343 eyes enrolled, 100 (29%) underwent surgery using the 3-D Heads up display system. The surgical time for 3-D Heads up display system was significantly higher in the 3-D group (8.4 ± 2.1 vs. 6.5 ± 1.8 minutes, P < 0.001). There were no group differences in surgical complications (2% in 3-D vs. 2.5% in conventional microscope, P = 0.28). Comparing across 4 quartiles within the 3-D group, the mean surgical time was slightly higher during the 1st quartile (n = 25, 9.1 ± 1.9 minutes) compared to the last quartile (n = 25, 8.2 ± 1.9 minutes) (p = 0.17). Complications in the 3-D group occurred only in the initial 50% of cases. Seven (7%) cases in the 3-D group were converted to conventional binocular microscope of which 3 each were due to difficulty in depth perception and low illumination while one was due to intraoperative pupillary constriction.

Conclusion:
Phacoemulsification with the 3-D Heads up display system takes longer time but offers excellent visualization, ergonomics and safety compared to conventional microscopes. Experienced surgeons should be able to adapt easily after their first 50 surgeries.
Changes in corneal curvature and visual acuity in North Indian adults after pterygium excision with modified sutureless, glueless limbal-conjunctival autograft
Authors: Gumber Akriti , Nishant Prateek , Sinha Sony , Goel Ruchi , Malik K P S 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To identify the exact time point during after following pterygium excision with a modified technique of sutureless, glueless limbal-conjunctival autograft, when stabilization of the change in corneal curvature is achieved; correlate size of pterygium with uncorrected visual acuity and astigmatism at baseline, and assess changes in these parameters postoperatively over time.

Methods:
This prospective study longitudinally assessed 30 eyes of 30 north Indian adults with primary pterygium encroaching upon ≥1 mm of the cornea pre- and postoperatively at 1 week and then monthly for 4 months, recording uncorrected (UCVA) and best-corrected logMAR visual acuity, astigmatism and keratometry. Results were analyzed using ANOVA, Mauchly’s test of sphericity with Greenhouse–Geisser correction, and post-hoc test using Bonferroni correction. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r > 0.5 was considered clinically significant, and P < 0.05 statistically significant.

Results:
Pterygium size was well correlated with pre-operative astigmatism (r = 0.867, P < 0.001) and pre-operative UCVA (r = 0.856, P < 0.001). There was mean improvement of 0.43 logMAR units of visual acuity (P < 0.00001), a mean increase of 0.79D of keratometric value for the flatter meridian (P < 0.00001) and a mean reduction of 2.00D of astigmatism (P < 0.00001). At 2-month follow-up, the keratometric value for the flatter meridian approached the final keratometric reading at 4 months such that the difference was not significant (t = 1.185, P = 0.245). There were no significant complications or recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Pterygium excision with modified autograft reduced corneal astigmatism and improved visual acuity comparable to classical technique. Alteration in corneal curvature stabilizes 2 months after surgery, when spectacle correction can be given to patients.
Evaluation of corneal sensitivity in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Sukkarieh Georges , Ghorayeb Ralph , Issa Mohamad , Koussa Salam , Waked Naji 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To measure the corneal sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), to compare it with normal values and to study its correlation with different disease characteristics.

Methods:
Corneal sensitivity of 28 MS patients was compared to corneal sensitivity of 28 age- and gender-matched normal controls. Corneal sensitivity was measured using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and was correlated to the duration, type and severity indexes of the disease.

Results:
Corneal sensitivity was comparable between both groups (P = 0.79). No statistically significant correlation was found between corneal sensitivity and the duration of MS (P = 0.55) nor the severity indexes of MS (expanded disability status scale [EDSS] P = 0.52, global multiple sclerosis severity score [MSSS] P = 0.64). Following subgroup analysis, only the primary progressive (PPMS) form of MS had a reduced corneal sensitivity with P = 0.023, while remittent-recurrent (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and clinically isolated (CIS) forms of MS did not have any reduction in the corneal sensitivity. “ROC curve analysis” showed an area under the curve of 0.48.

Conclusion:
In the exception of PPMS subtype, MS patients have similar corneal sensitivity in comparison to controls. Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer does not seem to be a good diagnostic tool or a disease severity marker for patients with MS.
iStent versus iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification in open angle glaucoma
Authors: Shalaby Wesam Shamseldin , Lam Sophia S , Arbabi Amirmohsen , Myers Jonathan S , Moster Marlene R , Kolomeyer Natasha N , Razeghinejad Reza , Shukla Aakriti Garg , Hussein Tarek R , Eid Tarek M , Shalaby Said M , Lee Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To compare the outcomes of iStent vs. iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification.

Methods:
This single center retrospective comparative case series included subjects with open angle glaucoma who underwent iStent or iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification with ≥1 year follow-up. The main outcome measures were in-group and between-group changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication number, proportion of eyes that achieved IOP ≤15 mmHg, and surgical success defined as 20% IOP reduction from baseline at 6/12 months. Univariate/multivariate regression analyses were done to identify predictors of surgical failure.

Results:
One hundred ninety-seven eyes of 148 patients were included (122 iStent, 75 iStent inject). Both groups achieved significant IOP and medication reduction at months 6/12 (P < 0.05). At month 6, IOP was significantly lower in iStent inject vs. iStent eyes (P = 0.003), but the difference was insignificant by month 12 (P = 0.172). Medication number was comparable in both groups at months 6/12 (P > 0.05). More iStent inject eyes achieved IOP ≤15 mmHg at month 6 (P = 0.003) and 12 (P = 0.047). Surgical success was comparable in both groups at months 6/12 (P > 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed similar cumulative rate of surgical failure at year-1 in both groups (P = 0.644). The multivariate model identified older age (P = 0.017) and lower baseline IOP (P = 0.002) as the strongest predictors of surgical failure.

Conclusion:
Compared to iStent, iStent inject achieved lower IOP at month 6 and higher proportion of eyes achieved IOP ≤15 mmHg at month 6/12. However, surgical success was similar in both groups. Predictors of surgical failure were older age and lower baseline IOP rather than the stent type.
Microincision phacoemulsification combined with sutureless transpupillary passive silicone oil removal
Authors: Thulasidas Mithun , Gupta Hemlata , Sachdev Mahipal S , Gupta Avnindra , Verma Lalit , Vohra Sanchi 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of combined microincision phacoemulsification with sutureless transpupillary silicone oil (SO) removal using an irrigation probe of bimanual irrigation/aspiration.

Methods:
We conducted a single-center retrospective study, including patients who had undergone phacoemulsification with transpupillary removal of SO, which had been used for intraocular tamponade after a previous pars plana vitrectomy. Outcome measures were corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and endothelial cell count (ECC) evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 3-month follow-up. Any intraoperative or postoperative complications, duration of surgery, and final retinal status at 3 months were also noted.

Results:
Seventy-four eyes (74 patients) were analyzed. The mean interval between SO placement and cataract surgery was 4.73 months (standard deviation [SD]: 1.02). CDVA improved in 66 (89.2%) eyes and remained the same in 8 (10.8%) eyes (P < 0.001). The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was −0.96D (SD: 0.75) at 3 months (P < 0.001). There was a significant drop in IOP from 15.08 mmHg (SD: 2.67) preoperatively to 11.64 mmHg (SD: 2.02) postoperatively (P < 0.001). The average ECC loss was only 5.7% at 3 months postoperatively. The mean surgical duration was 17.20 min (SD: 7.02). One patient had retinal redetachment and required resurgery. At 3 months, the retina was attached in all patients.

Conclusion:
Combined microincision phacoemulsification with transpupillary passive SO removal using irrigation probe of bimanual irrigation/aspiration is a safe, effective, and less invasive technique that offers the main advantage of reduced surgical trauma, and should be reserved for patients with a stable retina, not requiring additional surgical intervention.
Both subscales of the Keratoconus End-Points Assessment Questionnaire have excellent test-retest reliability
Authors: Balparda Kepa , Galarreta David J , Vanegas-Ramirez Claudia M. , Silva-Quintero Laura A , Botero-Giraldo Mariana , Maya-Naranjo Maria I , Pizarro-Marín Paula A 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The keratoconus end-points assessment questionnaire (KEPAQ) is a disease-specific scale designed to evaluate the quality of life in keratoconus patients and provides the measurement of both functional and emotional compromise in keratoconus. It was previously developed, tested, and validated and now we want to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the KEPAQ, in an effort to contribute evidence on its internal consistency and capability of measuring clinical state with minimal inference of random chance.

Methods:
This is a prospective analytical study, designed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the KEPAQ through the repeated application of the questionnaire to a group of clinically stable individuals. A number of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of keratoconus underwent double application of the KEPAQ, seven days apart. Mean KEPAQ score was obtained through Rasch analysis, while test-retest reliability was evaluated through Spearman rank-order correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient. Rasch analysis was performed in JMetrik version 4.1.1 (Psychomeasurement Systems LLC; Charlottesville, VA, USA) in a MacBook Air computer running macOS Catalina version 10.15.2 (Apple Inc.; Cupertino, CA, USA).

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included. For KEPAQ-E, Spearman correlation was R = 0.963 while ICC was 0.981 (95% confidence interval 0.972–0.987). For KEPAQ-F, Spearman correlation was R = 0.921 while ICC was 0.952 (95% confidence interval 0.929–0.968).

Conclusion:
The KEPAQ is a robust, well-developed, extremely reliable scale which can be confidently used for clinical and research endeavors.
A survey of out patient department prescriptions of selected departments of a tertiary care hospital on treatment practices of infections
Authors: Shyam Sharan , Jaiswal Sanjay , Jayabalan Arun , Shergill SPS 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
India is the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world. Antimicrobial agents (AMA) are also the most misused and excessively prescribed therapeutic agents.

Objectives:
A survey of output patient department (OPD) prescription chits of a tertiary care government hospital was carried out to describe the current treatment practices in the management of infections.

Subjects and Methods:
Thousand and five hundred OPD prescriptions were analyzed for the prevalence of antimicrobials prescribed by each specialist OPD and the systemic infections which were treated by using these AMA. The data of antibiotic susceptibility tests for the year 2018 were obtained for the analysis on current treatment practices of hospital infections.

Results:
About 24.4% of all 1500 OPD prescriptions encountered from the seven departments of the hospital contained an antibacterial. The highest proportion of AMA was seen in the dental OPD (66.6%) followed by ENT and surgical OPD (36.8% and 36%, respectively) and the least AMA were prescribed in gynecology and obstetrical OPD (11%). Out of the 367 AMA prescriptions, 92 prescriptions had 2 or more antibacterials. About 54.7% of these AMA prescribed were generic oral drugs and only two prescription counts were of injectable AMA. 62% of the AMA prescriptions were for the duration of use between 5 and 10 days. 53.4% of the AMA prescription counts belonged to the ACCESS group of antibiotics, 44.1% to the WATCH group and 2.5% to the RESERVE group as classified by WHO.

Conclusions:
The present study emphasizes the need to re-formulate local guidelines of antimicrobial use in OPD patients based on hospital antibiotic susceptibility tests.
Did the fear of contagion deter patients from reporting serious conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown? A report from South India
Authors: Prasanth YM , Kumar PP , Rao SM , Ganaraja B 
Published: September 2021

Context:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 has had a devastating effect on the common man's life. Aim: To study whether the fear of contracting covid19 infection deter the patients from seeking medical help?

Setting and Design:
Retrospective study from hospital data were obtained from the medical record departments of four major hospitals. Materials and methods: Number of admissions for eight serious illnesses in the month of April in 2020 compared to 3 preceding years.

Statistical analysis:
The data were analyzed by applying multiple measures ANOVA and descriptive statistics.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in the number of admissions in each of the eight listed illnesses during April 2020 compared to the same period in the previous 3 years. There was no significant change in the number of deaths reported in the district during this period, as suggested by the government data.

Conclusion:
From the observed results, it is evident that there was a marked decline in the hospitalization for serious illnesses during the lockdown period in south India. This result is in agreement with the data from similar studies, published from hospitals worldwide.