bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and correlates of mis-implementation in state chronic disease public health practice in the United States
Authors: Padek Margaret M. , Mazzucca Stephanie , Allen Peg , Rodriguez Weno Emily , Tsai Edward , Luke Douglas A. , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones.

Methods
A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation.

Results
Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40).

Conclusion
The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.
Spatial variation in lymphatic filariasis risk factors of hotspot zones in Ghana
Authors: Kwarteng Efiba Vidda Senkyire , Andam-Akorful Samuel Ato , Kwarteng Alexander , Asare Da-Costa Boakye , Quaye-Ballard Jonathan Arthur , Osei Frank Badu , Duker Alfred Allan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a parasitic nematode infection, poses a huge economic burden to affected countries. LF endemicity is localized and its prevalence is spatially heterogeneous. In Ghana, there exists differences in LF prevalence and multiplicity of symptoms in the country’s northern and southern parts. Species distribution models (SDMs) have been utilized to explore the suite of risk factors that influence the transmission of LF in these geographically distinct regions.

Methods
Presence-absence records of microfilaria (mf) cases were stratified into northern and southern zones and used to run SDMs, while climate, socioeconomic, and land cover variables provided explanatory information. Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Boosted Model (GBM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Surface Range Envelope (SRE), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), and Random Forests (RF) algorithms were run for both study zones and also for the entire country for comparison.

Results
Best model quality was obtained with RF and GBM algorithms with the highest Area under the Curve (AUC) of 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The models predicted high suitable environments for LF transmission in the short grass savanna (northern) and coastal (southern) areas of Ghana. Mainly, land cover and socioeconomic variables such as proximity to inland water bodies and population density uniquely influenced LF transmission in the south. At the same time, poor housing was a distinctive risk factor in the north. Precipitation, temperature, slope, and poverty were common risk factors but with subtle variations in response values, which were confirmed by the countrywide model.

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated that different variable combinations influence the occurrence of lymphatic filariasis in northern and southern Ghana. Thus, an understanding of the geographic distinctness in risk factors is required to inform on the development of area-specific transmission control systems towards LF elimination in Ghana and internationally.
Modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among married women in Senegal: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Yaya Sanni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Utilization of modern contraceptives is still low in low-and middle-income countries, although fertility and population growth rates are high. In Senegal, modern contraceptive utilization is low, with few studies focusing on its associated factors. This study examined modern contraceptive use and its associated factors among married women in Senegal.

Methods
Data from the 2017 Continuous Demographic and Health Survey (C-DHS) on 11,394 married women was analysed. We examined the associations between the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and their partners and modern contraceptive use using multilevel logistic regression models. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.

Results
The utilization of modern contraceptives among married women was 26.3%. Individual level factors associated with modern contraceptive use were women’s age (45–49 years-aOR = 0.44, 0.30–0.63), women’s educational level (higher-aOR = 1.88, 1.28–2.76) husband’s educational level (higher-aOR = 1.43, 1.10–1.85)), number of living children (5 or more children-aOR = 33.14, 19.20–57.22), ideal number of children (2 children-aOR = 1.95, 1.13–3.35), desire to have more children (wants no more-aOR = 2.46, 2.06–2.94), ethnicity (Diola-aOR = 0.70, 0.50–0.99), media exposure (yes-aOR = 1.44, 1.16–1.79)), wealth index (richer-aOR = 1.31, 1.03–1.67) and decision making power of women (decision making two-aOR = 1.20, 1.02–1.41). Whereas, region (Matam-aOR = 0.35, 0.23–0.53), place of residence (rural-aOR = 0.76, 0.63–0.93), community literacy level (high-aOR = 1.31, 1.01–1.71) and community knowledge level of modern contraceptives (high-aOR = 1.37, 1.13–1.67) were found as significant community level factors.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that both individual and community level factors are significantly associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Senegal. Interventions should focus on enhancing literacy levels of women, their husbands and communities. Furthermore, strengthening awareness and attitude towards family planning should be given priority, especially in rural areas and regions with low resources.
The effect of self-rated health, subjective socioeconomic status, social capital, and physical activity on life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study in urban western Iran
Authors: Rajabi Gilan Nader , khezeli Mehdi , Zardoshtian Shirin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Life satisfaction is an important component in designing strategies to improve health outcomes in different groups of society. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SSS), social capital (SC), self-rated health (SRH), and physical activity (PA) on life satisfaction (LS) in Iran.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1187 people (643 men and 544 women) lived in five western cities in Iran. The sampling method was multistage clustering. Data collection tool was a five part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status ladder, social capital scale, a question to measure physical activity, and the life satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and Ordinal Logistic Regression.

Result
Life satisfaction was higher in married men and women compared to single and widows (p < 0.05). Among the variables included in the main model, the significant predictors were college education (− 0.500), marriage (coefficient = 0.422), age 25–34 years (coefficient = − 0.384), SRH (coefficient = 0.477), male sex (coefficient = 0.425), SSS (coefficient = 0.373), trust (coefficient = 0.115), and belonging and empathy (coefficient = 0.064).

Conclusion
SRH and SSS were significant predictors of life satisfaction in west Iranian society. Being married was associated with higher LS, but college education affects LS adversely.
Preparedness of health care systems for Ebola outbreak response in Kasese and Rubirizi districts, Western Uganda
Authors: Kibuule Michael , Sekimpi Deogratias , Agaba Aggrey , Halage Abdullah Ali , Jonga Michael , Manirakiza Leonard , Kansiime Catherine , Travis Dominic , Pelican Katharine , Rwego Innocent B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The level of preparedness of the health care workers, the health facility and the entire health system determines the magnitude of the impact of an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak as demonstrated by the West African Ebola outbreak. The objective of the study was to assess preparedness of the health care facilities and identify appropriate preparedness measures for Ebola outbreak response in Kasese and Rubirizi districts in western Uganda.

Methods
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted by interviewing 189 health care workers using a structured questionnaire and visits to 22 health facilities to determine the level of health care system preparedness to EVD outbreak. District level infrastructure capabilities, existence of health facility logistics and supplies, and health care workers’ knowledge of EVD was assessed. EVD Preparedness was assessed on infrastructure and logistical capabilities and the level of knowledge of an individual health work about the etiology, control and prevention of EVD.

Results
Twelve out of the 22 of the health facilities, especially health center III’s and IV’s, did not have a line budget to respond to EVD when there was a threat of EVD in a nearby country. The majority (n = 13) of the facilities did not have the following: case definition books, rapid response teams and/or committees, burial teams, and simulation drills. There were no personal protective equipment that could be used within 8 h in case of an EVD outbreak in fourteen of the 22 health facilities. All facilities did not have Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) incident management centers, isolation units, guidelines for burial, and one-meter distance between a health care worker and a patient during triage. Overall, 54% (n = 102) of health care workers (HCWs) did not know the incubation period of EVD. HCWs who had tertiary education (aOR = 5.79; CI = 1.79–18.70; p = 0.003), and were Christian (aOR = 10.47; CI = 1.94–56.4; p = 0.006) were more likely to know about the biology, incubation period, causes and prevention of EVD.

Conclusions
Feedback on the level of preparedness for the rural districts helps inform strategies for building capacity of these health centers in terms of infrastructure, logistics and improving knowledge of health care workers.
Mothers’ nonstandard work schedules and adolescent obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in the Tokyo metropolitan area
Authors: Kachi Yuko , Abe Aya , Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Many wage earners in developed countries have irregular shift patterns and work evenings, nights, and weekends. Some studies have demonstrated that the nonstandard work schedules of parents have adverse effects on their children’s weight, specifically leading to or worsening obesity. However, no such study has been conducted in adolescents of high school age. This study examined the association between mothers’ nonstandard work schedules and adolescent obesity.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 16–17 years (n = 1743) used paired matches of self-administered questionnaires for adolescents and their mothers from Tokyo, Japan. Obesity was defined by International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. Nonstandard work schedules were defined as working early mornings, nights, overnights, or weekends. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the association between the mothers’ work schedules and their adolescent children’s poor lifestyles, overall and stratified by income levels. Then, logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between mothers’ work schedules and obesity of their adolescent children, overall and stratified by income levels.

Results
Overall, 6.5% of adolescents had obesity. The prevalence of obesity was higher among adolescents from low-middle income groups (8.2%) than that among those from high-income groups (5.9%). No clear patterns were found between mothers’ work schedules and adolescents’ poor lifestyles when stratified by income levels. Mothers’ nonstandard work schedules were significantly associated with adolescent obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.40). However, this association was not significant after adjustment for confounders. After stratification by income levels, mothers’ nonstandard work schedules significantly associated with their children’s obesity (OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.45–5.92) only in high-income groups. This association remained after adjustment of the adolescents’ lifestyles and their mothers’ working hours.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that mothers’ nonstandard work schedules have adverse effects on adolescent obesity only in high-income families. Low-middle income families experienced higher levels of adolescent obesity, regardless of the mothers’ work schedules. Policy makers should consider mothers’ work schedules as a factor in preventing adolescent obesity.
Implementation of a model of awareness-raising for taxi motorcyclists in Benin in relation to helmet use: protocol for a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Dos Santos Bella Hounkpe , Kpozehouen Alphonse , Ahanhanzo Yolaine Glele , Daddah Donatien , Ouendo Edgard-Marius , Leveque Alain , Coppieters Yves 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In the large cities of Benin, motorcycle taxi drivers, mainly between the ages of 20 and 40, are particularly exposed to accidents due to their profession. User awareness, along with legislative reforms and enforcement measures, would reduce the incidence of crashes and injuries. This study aims to test the effectiveness of an awareness-raising model regarding helmet use for motorcycle taxi drivers.

Methods
This is a quasi-experimental study that will take place in the cities of Parakou (intervention group) and Porto Novo (control group). Over a three-month period, a package of awareness-raising activities will be implemented in the intervention area, targeting a group of motorcycle taxi drivers. The messages to be developed for awareness-raising will focus on the most frequently influencing factors, as identified by the baseline collection. These key messages will be disseminated through various tools and communication channels (banners, motorcycle stickers and motorcycle taxi uniforms, interactive sessions). Data will be collected prospectively via a self-reported questionnaire and observation, carried out before the intervention, at the end, and 6 months later. The data will relate to knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding helmet use. The analysis will compare the indicators between the groups, as well as between the pre- and post-intervention phase. The KoboCollect software will be used for data entry and processing, and Stata 15 will be used for data analysis. Chi-square or Fisher, Student’s or Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used for the comparisons. The difference-in-difference method will be used to determine the specific effect of the awareness activities.

Discussion
This study will assess the contribution of awareness messages to changing the behaviour of motorcycle taxi drivers by determining the specific effect of the intervention.
Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of men and women with a new diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a database (SIDIAP) study
Authors: Montserrat-Capdevila Josep , Marsal Josep Ramon , Ortega Marta , Castañ-Abad Maria Teresa , Alsedà Miquel , Barbé Ferran , Godoy Pere 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the associated comorbidities and response to bronchodilators might differ in men and women. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and the clinic-epidemiological characteristics of primary care patients with COPD according to gender.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using electronic healthcare records Catalonia (Spain), during the 01/01/2012–31/12/2017 period. Patients from the SIDIAP database (System for the Development of Research in Primary Care) were included (5,800,000 patients registered in 279 primary care health centres). Clinic-demographic characteristics, comorbidities and blood tests results were collected for each patient. Adjusted OR (ORa) with logistic regression methods were used to determine variables associated with men and women.ResultsFrom an initial sample of 800,899 people, 24,135 (3%) were considered COPD patients, and 22.9%were women. The most common risk factors in women were bronchiectasis (ORa = 20.5, SD = 19.5–21.6), age > 71 years (ORa = 18.8; SD = 17.3–20.5), cor pulmonale (ORa = 5.2; SD = 4.3–6.7) and lung cancer (ORa = 3.6, SD = 3.2–4.0). Men and women presented the same comorbidities, though the strength of association was different for each gender.ConclusionsPatients suffering high comorbidity rates. Comorbidities are similar in men and women, although the strength of association varies according to gender. Women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoking and present a higher proportion of bronchiectasis and OSAS.
FSTL1 aggravates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and airway remodeling by regulating autophagy
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Jiawei , Liu Tian , Wu Jinxiang , Zhao Jiping , Wang Junfei , Zou Minfang , Cao Lili , Liu Xiaofei , Pan Yun , Huang Siyuan , Dong Liang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a critical factor during embryogenesis particularly in respiratory lung development, is a novel mediator related to inflammation and tissue remodeling. We tried to investigate the role of FSTL1 in CS-induced autophagy dysregulation, airway inflammation and remodeling.

Methods
Serum and lung specimens were obtained from COPD patients and controls. Adult female wild-type (WT) mice, FSTL1± mice and FSTL1flox/+ mice were exposed to room air or chronic CS. Additionally, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, was applied in CS-exposed WT mice. The lung tissues and serum from patients and murine models were tested for FSTL1 and autophagy-associated protein expression by ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemical. Autophagosome were observed using electron microscope technology. LTB4, IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice were examined using ELISA. Airway remodeling and lung function were also assessed.

Results
Both FSTL1 and autophagy biomarkers increased in COPD patients and CS-exposed WT mice. Autophagy activation was upregulated in CS-exposed mice accompanied by airway remodeling and airway inflammation. FSTL1± mice showed a lower level of CS-induced autophagy compared with the control mice. FSTL1± mice can also resist CS-induced inflammatory response, airway remodeling and impaired lung function. CS-exposed WT mice with 3-MA pretreatment have a similar manifestation with CS-exposed FSTL1± mice.

Conclusions
FSTL1 promotes CS-induced COPD by modulating autophagy, therefore targeting FSTL1 and autophagy may shed light on treating cigarette smoke-induced COPD.
The burden of oral cancer in China, 1990–2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Maigeng , Zeng Xinying , Wang Chunxiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and it has become an increasingly important public health problem in China. This study systematically assesses the current state of oral cancer in China from 1990 to 2017, providing new information and perspectives for oral health researchers and public health policy makers.MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we evaluated the incidence rates, mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for oral cancer in China and their changing trends between 1990 and 2017, making comparisons by gender and age. We also assessed the DALY rates associated with oral cancer at the provincial level for 33 provinces and their trends over time.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2017, the number of new cases and the age-standardized incidence rate for oral cancer in China increased by 280.0% and 79.7%, respectively; the number of deaths and the age-standardized mortality rose by 196.8% and 29.0%, respectively; and the number of DALYs and the age-standardized DALY rate increased by 149.1% and 21.0%, respectively. The incidence rates for oral cancer rose after 30 years of age and peaked at 65–69 years; the mortality for oral cancer rose after 50 years of age and peaked at 65–69 years; and the DALY rates for oral cancer rose after 45 years of age and peaked at 65–69 years. The incidence rates, mortality and DALY rates for oral cancer in males were significantly higher than those in females and showed an upward trend, while there was a decrease or no significant change in females. The DALY rates increased in 21 provinces and decreased in 12 provinces, with the largest growth in Henan Province and the largest decline in Hong Kong Province.ConclusionsThe burden of oral cancer in China continues to increase continuously. More prevention, control and intervention measures should be taken and increased attention paid to common risk factors is essential for the prevention of oral cancer.