bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ emotional expressivity in urban and rural societies: Salience and links with young adolescents’ emotional wellbeing and expressivity
Authors: Ding Ruyi , Bi Shuang , Luo Yuhan , Liu Tuo , Wang Pusheng , He Wei , Ni Shiguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the salience of mothers’ emotional expressivity and its links with adolescents’ emotional wellbeing and expressivity in an urban society endorsing more individualism and a rural society ascribing to more collectivism. By comparing Chinese urban (N = 283, Mage = 14.13) and rural (N = 247, Mage = 14.09) adolescents, this research found that urban mothers’ expression of positive-dominant and positive-submissive emotions (PD and PS) were more common while expression of negative-dominant (ND) emotions was less common than rural mothers’. PD and PS had significant links with urban and rural adolescents’ increased emotional expressivity and self-esteem, however, only significantly related to urban adolescents’ decreased depression but not with rural adolescents’. ND had significant links with both urban and rural adolescents’ expression of negative emotions, however, only significantly correlated with urban adolescents’ less level of self-esteem and rural adolescents’ more expression of positive emotions. No significant difference was found in the salience of urban and rural mothers’ expression of negative-submissive (NS) emotions, which positively related to both urban and rural adolescents’ depression and emotional expressivity. Moreover, we found that adolescents’ emotional wellbeing (i.e., self-esteem and depression) mediated the relationship between mothers’ emotional expressivity and adolescents’ expressivity in both societies. Overall, the study findings document that the salience of mothers’ emotional expressivity and its relations with adolescents’ emotional adjustment differ between urban and rural societies.
Predicting Playa Inundation Using a Long Short‐Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Solvik Kylen , Bartuszevige Anne M. , Bogaerts Meghan , Joseph Maxwell B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the Great Plains, playas are critical wetland habitats for migratory birds and a source of recharge for the agriculturally important High Plains aquifer. The temporary wetlands exhibit complex hydrology, filling rapidly via local rain storms and then drying through evaporation and groundwater infiltration. Using a long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network to account for these complex processes, we modeled the probability of playa inundation for 71,842 playas in the Great Plains from 1984 to 2018. At the level of individual playas, the model achieved an F1‐score of 0.522 on a withheld test set, displaying the ability to predict complex inundation patterns. When simulating playa inundation over the entire region, the model is able to very closely track inundation trends, even during periods of drought. Our results demonstrate potential for using LSTMs to model complex hydrological dynamics. Our modeling approach could be used to model playa inundation into the future under different climate scenarios to better understand how wetland habitats and groundwater will be impacted by changing climate.
On the Detection of COVID‐Driven Changes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S. , Chatterjee Abhishek , Swart Neil C. , Fyfe John C. , Keeling Ralph F. , Schimel David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe assess the detectability of COVID‐like emissions reductions in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations using a suite of large ensembles conducted with an Earth system model. We find a unique fingerprint of COVID in the simulated growth rate of CO2 sampled at the locations of surface measurement sites. Negative anomalies in growth rates persist from January 2020 through December 2021, reaching a maximum in February 2021. However, this fingerprint is not formally detectable unless we force the model with unrealistically large emissions reductions (2 or 4 times the observed reductions). Internal variability and carbon‐concentration feedbacks obscure the detectability of short‐term emission reductions in atmospheric CO2. COVID‐driven changes in the simulated, column‐averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 are eclipsed by large internal variability. Carbon‐concentration feedbacks begin to operate almost immediately after the emissions reduction; these feedbacks reduce the emissions‐driven signal in the atmosphere carbon reservoir and further confound signal detection.
“Time Variable Earth Gravity Field Models From the First Spaceborne Laser Ranging Interferometer"
Authors: Pie N. , Bettadpur S. V. , Tamisiea M. , Krichman B. , Save H. , Poole S. , Nagel P. , Kang Z. , Jacob G. , Ellmer M. , Fahnestock E. , Landerer F. W. , McCullough C. , Yuan D.‐N. , Wiese D. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO), launched May 22, 2018 and collecting science data since June 2018, is extending the 15‐year data record of Earth mass change established by its predecessor GRACE mission (2002–2017). The GRACE‐FO satellites carry onboard a novel technology demonstration instrument for intersatellite ranging, the Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), in addition to the microwave interferometer (MWI) carried on GRACE. The LRI has out‐performed its in‐orbit performance requirements both in terms of accuracy as well as the duration of tracking. Here, we compare and validate LRI‐based gravity solutions for January 2019 to September 2020 against the MWI solutions. The comparison between the two sets of gravity solutions shows great similarities in general and nearly perfect consistency at a large hydrologic basin spatial scale (100,000 km2 and above), commonly viewed as the spatial resolution established by GRACE. The comparison in the spectral domain shows differences at the higher degrees of the spectrum, with lower error in the zonal and near zonal terms for the LRI solutions. We conclude that the LRI observations can be used to recover time‐varying gravity signals to at least the level of accuracy established by the MWI‐based solutions. This is a promising finding, especially when considering the benefits of using the LRI over the MWI, such as the great stability of the instrument and the low occurrence of instrument reboot events.
Improved Flood Forecasting in Basins With No Precipitation Stations: Constrained Runoff Correction Using Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products
Authors: Dou Yanhong , Ye Lei , Gupta Hoshin V. , Zhang Hairong , Behrangi Ali , Zhou Huicheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSatellite‐based precipitation products (SPPs) with short latencies provide a new opportunity for flood forecasting in basins with no precipitation stations. However, the larger uncertainties associated with these near‐real‐time SPPs can influence the accuracy of flood forecasts. Here, we propose a real‐time updating method, referred to as “Constrained Runoff Correction using Multiple SPPs” (CRC‐M). The method is based on the hypothesis that the range of runoff volumes computed using different near‐real‐time SPPs provides an indication of the approximate range in which the true runoff volume lies. Accordingly, a constrained runoff correction is performed using the discharge observed at the basin outlet within this range. Evaluation using real data indicates that the new method performs well with Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) values of 0.85 and 0.87 during calibration and validation, respectively. The necessity of imposing constraints using multiple SPPs is demonstrated by comparing CRC‐M with 2 controls, referred to as “Unconstrained Runoff Correction using Single SPP” (URC‐S) and “Constrained Runoff Correction using Single SPP with perturbations” (CRC‐S). Experiments indicate that the key factors that result in good performance are (a) relatively reliable SPPs and (b) wider constraint ranges. Overall, the CRC‐M method can result in accurate and stable flood forecasts in basins with no precipitation stations, without the shortening of leading time and the need for increased model complexity (i.e., the numbers of model parameters).
Free Alternate Bars in Rivers: Key Physical Mechanisms and Simple Formation Criterion
Authors: Redolfi Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFree alternate bars are large‐scale, downstream‐migrating bedforms characterized by an alternating sequence of three‐dimensional depositional fronts and scour holes that frequently develop in rivers as the result of an intrinsic instability of the erodible bed. Theoretical models based on two‐dimensional shallow water and Exner equations have been successfully employed to capture the bar instability phenomenon, and to estimate bar properties such as height, wavelength and migration rate. However, the mathematical complexity of the problem hampered the understanding of the key physical mechanisms that sustain bar formation. To fill this gap, we considered a simplified version of the equations, based on neglecting the deformation of the free surface, which allows us to: (a) provide the first complete explanation of the bar formation mechanism as the result of a simple bond between variations of the water weight and flow acceleration; (b) derive a simplified, physically based formula for predicting bar formation in a river reach, depending on channel width‐to‐depth ratio, Shields number and relative submergence. Comparison with an unprecedented large set of laboratory experiments reveals that our simplified formula appropriately predicts alternate bar formation in a wide range of conditions. Noteworthy, the hypothesis of negligible free surface effect also implies that bar formation is fully independent of the Froude number. We show that this intriguing property is intimately related to the three‐dimensional nature of river bars, which allows for a gentle lateral deviation of the flow without significant deformation of the water surface.
Disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis coupled with mitotic arrest generates antineoplastic oxidative stress
Authors: Hao Xiaohe , Bu Wenqing , Lv Guosheng , Xu Limei , Hou Dong , Wang Jing , Liu Xiaojie , Yang Tingting , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Qiao , Gong Yaoqin , Shao Changshun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as critical signals in various cellular processes. Excessive ROS cause cell death or senescence and mediates the therapeutic effect of many cancer drugs. Recent studies showed that ROS increasingly accumulate during G2/M arrest, the underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that in cancer cells treated with anticancer agent TH287 or paclitaxel that causes M arrest, mitochondria accumulate robustly and produce excessive mitochondrial superoxide, which causes oxidative DNA damage and undermines cell survival and proliferation. While mitochondrial mass is greatly increased in cells arrested at M phase, the mitochondrial function is compromised, as reflected by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased SUMOylation and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, as well as an increased metabolic reliance on glycolysis. CHK1 functional disruption decelerates cell cycle, spares the M arrest and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Induction of mitophagy and blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis, measures that reduce mitochondrial accumulation, also decelerate cell cycle and abrogate M arrest-coupled mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results suggest that cell cycle progression and mitochondrial homeostasis are interdependent and coordinated, and that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis and the associated redox signaling may mediate the antineoplastic effect of the M arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics. Our findings provide insights into the fate of cells arrested at M phase and have implications in cancer therapy.
The brain targeted delivery of programmed cell death 4 specific siRNA protects mice from CRS-induced depressive behavior
Authors: Jia Yufeng , Zhuang Xiao , Zhang Yi , Zhao Ming , Chen Nuo , Li Wen , Zhu Faliang , Guo Chun , Li Yan , Wang Qun , Li Yuan , Zhang Lining 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDepression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Recently, studies demonstrate that antidepressants generating BDNF not only maintain synaptic signal transmission but also repress neuroinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1β. Therefore, promoting BDNF expression provides a strategy for the treatment of depression. Our recent research has indicated that programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) is a new target for antidepressant treatment by facilitating BDNF. Herein, we modified Pdcd4 specific small interfering RNA (siPdcd4) with the rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG/siPdcd4) which enables it cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that RVG/siPdcd4 complex was selectively delivered to neurons and microglia and silenced the expression of Pdcd4, thereby up-regulating the level of BDNF and down-regulating IL-6 and IL-1β expression. More importantly, RVG/siPdcd4 injection attenuated synaptic plasticity impairment and protected mice from CRS-induced depressive behavior. These findings suggest that RVG/siPdcd4 complex is a potential therapeutic medicine for depression.
MRPS31 loss is a key driver of mitochondrial deregulation and hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness
Authors: Min Seongki , Lee Young-Kyoung , Hong Jiwon , Park Tae Jun , Woo Hyun Goo , Kwon So Mee , Yoon Gyesoon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Deregulated mitochondrial energetics is a metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. However, the causative mechanism of the bioenergetic deregulation is not clear. In this study, we show that somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) of mitoribosomal protein (MRP) genes is a key mechanism of bioenergetic deregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Association analysis between the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 82 MRPs using The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver HCC database identified eight key SCNA-dependent MRPs: MRPS31, MRPL10, MRPL21, MRPL15, MRPL13, MRPL55, and DAP3. MRPS31 was the only downregulated MRP harboring a DNA copy number (DCN) loss. MRPS31 loss was associated specifically with the DCN losses of many genes on chromosome 13q. Survival analysis revealed a unique dependency of HCC on the MRPS31 deficiency, showing poor clinical outcome. Subclass prediction analysis using several public classifiers indicated that MRPS31 loss is linked to aggressive HCC phenotypes. By employing hepatoma cell lines with SCNA-dependent MRPS31 expression (JHH5, HepG2, Hep3B, and SNU449), we demonstrated that MRPS31 deficiency is the key mechanism, disturbing the whole mitoribosome assembly. MRPS31 suppression enhanced hepatoma cell invasiveness by augmenting MMP7 and COL1A1 expression. Unlike the action of MMP7 on extracellular matrix destruction, COL1A1 modulated invasiveness via the ZEB1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Finally, MRPS31 expression further stratified the high COL1A1/DDR1-expressing HCC groups into high and low overall survival, indicating that MRPS31 loss is a promising prognostic marker.

Significance
Our results provide new mechanistic insight for mitochondrial deregulation in HCC and present MRPS31 as a novel biomarker of HCC malignancy.
Regio- and enantioselective umpolung gem-difluoroallylation of hydrazones via palladium catalysis enabled by N-heterocyclic carbene ligand
Authors: Huang Shuai , Tong Fei-Fei , Bai Da-Chang , Zhang Gao-Peng , Jiang Yang-Jie , Zhang Bo , Leng Xuebing , Guo Ying-Long , Wan Xiao-Long , Zhang Xingang , Ding Chang-Hua , Hou Xue-Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe enantioselective construction of C–CF2R (R: alkyl or fluoroalkyl) bonds has attracted the attention of synthetic chemists because of the importance of chiral fluorinated compounds in life and materials sciences. Catalytic asymmetric fluoroalkylation has mainly been realized under organocatalysis and Lewis acid catalysis, with substrates limited to carbonyl compounds. Few examples using transition-metal catalysis exist, owing to side reactions including decomposition and isomerization of fluoroalkylating reagents. Herein we report umpolung asymmetric difluoroallylation of hydrazones with 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene (BDFP) under palladium catalysis. Difluoroallylation products having quaternary chiral carbon centers are afforded in good yields with high α/γ- and enantioselectivities. The usefulness of the reaction products is demonstrated and an inner-sphere mechanism of the reaction is proposed. The use of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene as ligand is the key for the selectivities as well as the productivity of the reaction.
Entropy-based metrics for predicting choice behavior based on local response to reward
Authors: Trepka Ethan , Spitmaan Mehran , Bari Bilal A. , Costa Vincent D. , Cohen Jeremiah Y. , Soltani Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor decades, behavioral scientists have used the matching law to quantify how animals distribute their choices between multiple options in response to reinforcement they receive. More recently, many reinforcement learning (RL) models have been developed to explain choice by integrating reward feedback over time. Despite reasonable success of RL models in capturing choice on a trial-by-trial basis, these models cannot capture variability in matching behavior. To address this, we developed metrics based on information theory and applied them to choice data from dynamic learning tasks in mice and monkeys. We found that a single entropy-based metric can explain 50% and 41% of variance in matching in mice and monkeys, respectively. We then used limitations of existing RL models in capturing entropy-based metrics to construct more accurate models of choice. Together, our entropy-based metrics provide a model-free tool to predict adaptive choice behavior and reveal underlying neural mechanisms.
WRN helicase safeguards deprotected replication forks in BRCA2-mutated cancer cells
Authors: Datta Arindam , Biswas Kajal , Sommers Joshua A. , Thompson Haley , Awate Sanket , Nicolae Claudia M. , Thakar Tanay , Moldovan George-Lucian , Shoemaker Robert H. , Sharan Shyam K. , Brosh Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe tumor suppressor BRCA2 protects stalled forks from degradation to maintain genome stability. However, the molecular mechanism(s) whereby unprotected forks are stabilized remains to be fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that WRN helicase ensures efficient restart and limits excessive degradation of stalled forks in BRCA2-deficient cancer cells. In vitro, WRN ATPase/helicase catalyzes fork restoration and curtails MRE11 nuclease activity on regressed forks. We show that WRN helicase inhibitor traps WRN on chromatin leading to rapid fork stalling and nucleolytic degradation of unprotected forks by MRE11, resulting in MUS81-dependent double-strand breaks, elevated non-homologous end-joining and chromosomal instability. WRN helicase inhibition reduces viability of BRCA2-deficient cells and potentiates cytotoxicity of a poly (ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Furthermore, BRCA2-deficient xenograft tumors in mice exhibited increased DNA damage and growth inhibition when treated with WRN helicase inhibitor. This work provides mechanistic insight into stalled fork stabilization by WRN helicase when BRCA2 is deficient.
Transition metal-doped Ni-rich layered cathode materials for durable Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sun H. Hohyun , Kim Un-Hyuck , Park Jeong-Hyeon , Park Sang-Wook , Seo Dong-Hwa , Heller Adam , Mullins C. Buddie , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoping is a well-known strategy to enhance the electrochemical energy storage performance of layered cathode materials. Many studies on various dopants have been reported; however, a general relationship between the dopants and their effect on the stability of the positive electrode upon prolonged cell cycling has yet to be established. Here, we explore the impact of the oxidation states of various dopants (i.e., Mg2+, Al3+, Ti4+, Ta5+, and Mo6+) on the electrochemical, morphological, and structural properties of a Ni-rich cathode material (i.e., Li[Ni0.91Co0.09]O2). Galvanostatic cycling measurements in pouch-type Li-ion full cells show that cathodes featuring dopants with high oxidation states significantly outperform their undoped counterparts and the dopants with low oxidation states. In particular, Li-ion pouch cells with Ta5+- and Mo6+-doped Li[Ni0.91Co0.09]O2 cathodes retain about 81.5% of their initial specific capacity after 3000 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Furthermore, physicochemical measurements and analyses suggest substantial differences in the grain geometries and crystal lattice structures of the various cathode materials, which contribute to their widely different battery performances and correlate with the oxidation states of their dopants.
Local DNA shape is a general principle of transcription factor binding specificity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sielemann Janik , Wulf Donat , Schmidt Romy , Bräutigam Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding gene expression will require understanding where regulatory factors bind genomic DNA. The frequently used sequence-based motifs of protein-DNA binding are not predictive, since a genome contains many more binding sites than are actually bound and transcription factors of the same family share similar DNA-binding motifs. Traditionally, these motifs only depict sequence but neglect DNA shape. Since shape may contribute non-linearly and combinational to binding, machine learning approaches ought to be able to better predict transcription factor binding. Here we show that a random forest machine learning approach, which incorporates the 3D-shape of DNA, enhances binding prediction for all 216 tested Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors and improves the resolution of differential binding by transcription factor family members which share the same binding motif. We observed that DNA shape features were individually weighted for each transcription factor, even if they shared the same binding sequence.
Health impacts of wildfire-related air pollution in Brazil: a nationwide study of more than 2 million hospital admissions between 2008 and 2018
Authors: Requia Weeberb J. , Amini Heresh , Mukherjee Rajarshi , Gold Diane R. , Schwartz Joel D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe quantified the impacts of wildfire-related PM2.5 on 2 million hospital admissions records due to cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. The national analysis shows that wildfire waves are associated with an increase of 23% (95%CI: 12%–33%) in respiratory hospital admissions and an increase of 21% (95%CI: 8%–35%) in circulatory hospital admissions. In the North (where most of the Amazon region is located), we estimate an increase of 38% (95%CI: 30%–47%) in respiratory hospital admissions and 27% (95%CI: 15%–39%) in circulatory hospital admissions. Here we report epidemiological evidence that air pollution emitted by wildfires is significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiorespiratory hospital admissions.