bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulation of initial thermal decomposition mechanism of DNTF
Authors: Bai Hui , Luo Yiming , Jiang Jun , Gou Rui-jun , Zhang Shuhai , Hu Wenjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to understand the thermal decomposition characteristics of 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF), the thermal decomposition reaction of DNTF at 300-4000K temperature programmed and constant temperature of 2000K, 2500K, 3000K, 3500K and 4000K was simulated by ab initio computational molecular dynamics method. The thermal decomposition mechanism of DNTF at different temperatures was analyzed from the aspects of product evolution, cluster, potential energy curve and reaction path. The analysis of products, show that the initial small molecular products are NO, NO2, CO, CO2 and N2, and the final small molecular products are CO2 and N2. In the early stage, the ring-opening reaction of furoxan in DNTF structure is the main trigger reaction, and the C-C bond is broken at the initial stage of reaction. The carbon chain structure produced by decomposition forms various cluster structures in the form of C-N bond. In addition, it was found that temperature significantly affects the decomposition rate of DNTF, but does not change its initial decomposition path.
Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Coupled Hydro-Economic Model and Groundwater Restriction Assessment
Authors: Rodríguez-Flores José M. , Valero-Fandiño Jorge A. , Cole Spencer A. , Malek Keyvan , Karimi Tina , Zeff Harrison B. , Reed Patrick M. , Escriva-Bou Alvar , Medellín-Azuara Josué 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The modeling of coupled food-water systems to represent the effect of water supply variability as well as shocks that may emerge from changes in policies, economic drivers, and productivity requires an understanding of dominant uncertainties. These uncertainties cascade into forecasts of impacts of water management policies, such as groundwater pumping restrictions. This paper assesses how parametric, crop price, crop yields, surface water price, and electricity price uncertainties shape hydro-economic model estimates for agricultural production through a diagnostic global sensitivity analysis (GSA).The diagnostic GSA explores how the uncertainties in combination with a candidate groundwater pumping restriction influence three metrics of concern: total economic revenue, total land use and groundwater depth change. The hydro-economic model integrates a Groundwater Response Function (GRF) by integrating an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) into a calibrated Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) production model for the Wheeler Ridge-Maricopa Water Storage District located in Kern County, California. Our results show that in addition to groundwater pumping restriction, performance metrics of the system are highly sensitive to prices and yields particularly of profitable crops. These sensitivities become salient during dry years when there is a higher reliance on groundwater.
B4GALT5 High Expression Associated With Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Han Yang , Li Zhe , Wu Qi , Liu Hui , Sun Zhiqiang , Wu Yong , Luo Judong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: B4GALT5 is postulated to be an important protein in sugar metabolism that catalyzes the synthesis of lactosylceramide (LacCer). However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.Method: We characterized the expression of B4GALT5 in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue, and explored its function of B4GALT5 in HCC by enrichment analysis based on its co-expressed gene set. Next, we checked whether B4GALT5 expression is correlated to immune infiltration level and clinical prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we verified the expression of B4GALT5 using clinical samples evaluated by RT-PCR, and conducted in vitro experiments with B4GALT5-knockdown HCC cells to investigate the function of B4GALT5 in the HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Results: We found B4GALT5 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly high in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue. The enrichment analysis of the gene sets that co-expressed with B4GALT5 showed specificity in HCC-related pathways and functions. Also, the expression pattern of B4GALT5 was significantly related to the immune infiltration level, especially CD4+ T cell and macrophage cells. B4GALT5 higher mRNA expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Furthermore, In vitro experiments showed that depletion of B4GALT5 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This study revealed the function and its mediated pathways of B4GALT5 in HCC, indicating that B4GALT5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of HCC.
Accurate Spectrophotometric Method for Semitransparent Metallic Thin-film Index Determination Using Interference Enhancement
Authors: Shurvinton Riley , Lemarchand Fabien , Moreau Antonin , Lumeau Julien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An accurate spectrophotometric method to determine the refractive index of a semitransparent metallic thin film is presented. This method relies on interference enhancement of the measured spectra, employing an opaque substrate with a dielectric spacer layer beneath the absorbing layer of interest to create interference fringes. The resulting spectral oscillations of the stack are highly sensitive to the properties of the top absorbing layer, allowing precise determination of the refractive index via fitting. The performance of this method is verified using simulations in comparison to the typical method of depositing the absorbing thin film directly onto a transparent substrate. An experimental demonstration is made for titanium thin films over the visible range (370-835 nm). The refractive index of these films is extracted from experimental data using a combination of the Modified Drude and Forouhi-Bloomer models. This method showed high repeatability and accuracy, and is verified for Ti films between 6-70 nm thickness.
Dynamic Variations of Cyanobacterial Blooms And Their Response To Urban Development And Climate Change In Lake Chaohu Based On Landsat Observations
Authors: Qin Xuemin , Xia Wei , Hu Xiaoxuan , Shao Zhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recurring cyanobacterial blooms have seriously hindered the sustainable development of cities. In this study, the variation trend of cyanobacterial blooms was analyzed by taking Lake Chaohu in China as the study area, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat observations combined with the development index of surrounding cities from 2009 to 2019 was used to quantitatively analyze the response of cyanobacterial blooms to urban development and climate change. The results showed that the NDVI of the Northwest Lake region was significantly higher than that of other regions. Summer and autumn were the main seasons for the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms. The NDVI of Lake Chaohu and Baohe Lake region showed a significant correlation with the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Hefei city (HF), the districts and counties around the lake (DCL)，Baohe District (BH) and the population (P). As the economic regions gradually focused on BH rather than on HF and DCL, there was an increasing trend correlation between the NDVI of Baohe Lake region and the GDP growth rate. However, the elimination of GDP in BH did not affect the consistency relationship between the economic growth of other regions and the NDVI of Lake Chaohu on a large scale. In addition, the results of relative importance analysis indicated that the GDP growth rate of BH and the area of Hefei except DCL (HF-DCL) accounted for important contribution to the R2 of the regression. This study has momentous reference value for understanding the coupling relationship between urban development and lake environment.
Kinetics And Monte Carlo Simulation of UV Disinfection B. Subtilis Spores And SARS-CoV-2 In Dried Saliva Droplets
Authors: Gibson John , Farnood Ramin , Barbeau Benoit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surfaces can be contaminated by droplets produced coughing or sneezing. In this short, exploratory work, UV disinfection data from B. subtilis spores in dried saliva droplets were fitted to a first-order model. The model has a disinfection rate constant for single organisms, and a smaller one for aggregates (R2 ≥ 0.97). Changes in the fraction of organisms in aggregates (β) alone could account for the effects of different sized droplets in the experimental work. Since a wide spectrum of droplet sizes can be produced and some of the rate constants were uncertain, Monte Carlo simulation was used estimate the UV inactivation performance in dried saliva droplets in a range of conditions. Using conservative lognormal distribution for β, the model was applied to the UV disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in dried droplets. It was shown that one-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 was very likely (p>99.9%) and two-log reduction was probable (p=75%) at a dose of 60 mJ/cm2. Aggregates tend to be variable and limit the log reductions that can be achieved at high UV doses.
Synthesis And Characterization of CdS/CeO2 Nanocomposite With Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Bekele Tigabu Mekonnen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, different types of photocatalysts in single (CdS and CeO2) and binary (CdS/CeO2 in different molar ratio: 0.5:1, 1:1 and 1:0.5) systems were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Crystal structure, surface area, morphology, band gap energy, functional groups and optical properties of the as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by using XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, UV/Vis, FTIR and PL instruments, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of single and binary nanocomposite were evaluated by using aqueous solution of model pollutant methyl orange dye (MeO). Photocatalytic activities of binary CdS/CeO2 (1:1) nanocomposite were found to be higher than those of single counterparts. The photodegradation efficiencies of the binary system were found to be 53.73%. The reusability of binary photocatalyst was tested and only about 33% decrement was observed after four successive runs. Photocatalytic degradation of MeO dye follows the pseudo first order kinetics for the entire as-synthesized nanocomposite. The results also suggest that in the CdS/CeO2 (1:1) nanocomposite the photoinduced electrons and holes can be effectively separated.
Impacts of Dynamical Downscaling on Circulation type Statistics: Potential added Value in the Euro-CORDEX Ensemble
Authors: Røste Julie , Landgren Oskar A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric circulation type classification methods were applied to an ensemble of 57 regional climate model simulations from Euro-CORDEX, their 11 boundary models from CMIP5 and the ERA5 reanalysis. We compared frequencies of the different circulation types in the simulations with ERA5 and found that the regional models add value especially in the summer season. We applied three different classification methods (the subjective Grosswettertypes and the two optimisation algorithms SANDRA and distributed k-means clustering) from the cost733class software and found that the results are not particularly sensitive to choice of circulation classification method. There are large differences between models. Simulations based on MIROC-MIROC5 and CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 show an over-representation of easterly flow and an under-representation of westerly. The downscaled results retain the large-scale circulation from the global model most days, but especially the regional model IPSL-WRF381P changes the circulation more often, which increases the error relative to ERA5. Simulations based on ICHEC-EC-EARTH and MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR show consistently smaller errors relative to ERA5 in all seasons. The ensemble spread is largest in the summer and smallest in the winter. Under the future RCP8.5 scenario, more than half of the ensemble shows an increase in frequency of north-easterly flow and decrease in the Central-Eastern European high and south-easterly flow. There is in general a strong agreement in the sign of the change between the regional simulations and the data from the corresponding global model.
Comparative Analysis of Daily and Hourly Temperature Variability in Association with All-Cause and Cardiorespiratory Mortality in 45 US Cities
Authors: Yu Yong , Luo Siqi , Zhang Yunquan , Liu Linjiong , Wang Ke , Hong Le , Wang Qun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTemperature variability (TV) has been widely associated with increased mortality risk and burden. Extensive researches have used the standard deviations of several days’ daily maximum and minimum temperatures or hourly mean temperatures as daily and hourly TV measures (TVdaily and TVhourly). However, comparative analysis of daily and hourly TV related to cardiorespiratory mortality is still limited.MethodsWe collected daily mortality and meteorological data in 45 US metropolises, 1987–2000. A three-stage analyses were adopted to investigate TV-mortality associations using TVdaily and TVhourly as exposure metrics. We first applied a time-series quasi-Poisson regression to estimate location-specific TV-mortality relationship, which were then pooled using random-effects meta-analysis with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). We additionally calculated attributable fractions as a reflection of total mortality burden associated with TV. Stratified analyses by age were also performed to identify the susceptible group to TV-related risk.ResultsThere were a total of 15.4 million all-cause deaths, of which 6.1 million were from cardiovascular and 1.2 million were from respiratory causes. Per 1 °C increase in TVdaily and TVhourly was associated with an increase of 0.53% (95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.76%) and 0.52% (0.26–0.79%) in cardiovascular mortality risks, 0.62% (0.26–0.98%) and 0.53% (0.13–0.94%) in respiratory mortality risks. Estimations of cardiovascular attributable fractions for TVdaily and TVhourly were 2.43% (1.42–3.43%) vs 1.63% (0.82–2.43%), whereas respiratory attributable fractions were 3.07% (1.11–4.99%) vs 1.89% (0.43–3.34%). Both daily and hourly indexes showed approximately linear relationships with different mortality categories and similar lag patterns, but greater fractions were estimated using TVdaily than those using TVhourly. People over 75 years old were relatively more vulnerable to TV-induced risks of mortality.ConclusionsBoth TVdaily and TVhourly significantly increased all-cause and cardiorespiratory mortality risks and burden. Daily TV metrics resembled hourly in risk effects, whilst greater mortality burden was found in TVdaily than TVhourly. Our findings may add significance to TV-mortality research and help to promote optimal health management strategies to better mitigate TV-related health effect.
Time Investment of Medical Students during COVID19 Pandemic lockdown
Authors: Hassan Mohajer Ibrahim , Alfatih Mohammed , Taha Mohamed Sharfaldeen Khider , Alhussein Radi Mohd Fawzey Rdi Tofaha , Shaban Mohanned Abdalfdeel Amahie , Ahmed Afra kamal Yahya , Abdalaziz Muaz Hasan , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: As the world is fighting against the COVID19 outbreak most of the countries closed universities nationwide, impacting nearly 80% of students globally. In order to obtain information and to identify differences between medical students the study has been asset. The primary objective of this survey is to better understand the motivations and obstacles for medical students investing their time during COVID 19 obligatory home stay.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey-based study in 333 medical students in medical college of Alzaeim al Azhari university in Sudan. Data from students was collected by using an online self-design questionnaire. The participants approached by the lead investigator through their social media groups by link enabling the individual willing to participate to access a google form containing the study questionnaire. Analyses was carried out using SPSS statistics package version 24 (IBM).Results: (57.1%) of the participants were females and (42.9%) were males. (37.8%) of medical students who participated in the study think that they make use of their time, while (38.1%) don’t think that and (24.1%) don’t know if they make use of their time or not during staying home due to COVID19 outbreak. Conclusion: There is a considerable variation in time investment (making use of time) during staying home due to COVID 19 outbreak according to medical student’s insight. The research results indicate that medical students need more encouragement and facilities to get benefits from their time during the quarantines and such situation in the future.
Prognostic MicroRNA Panel for HCV-Associated HCC: Integrating Computational Biology and Clinical Validation
Authors: Dabbish Areeg M. , Abdelzaher Hana M. , Abohawya Moustafa , Shamma Samir , Mahmoud Yosra H. , Maged Amr , Manaa Mohamed , Hassany Mohamed , El-Fawal Hassan , Azzazy Hassan , Elnaser Anwar Abd 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BackgroundEarly detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will reduce morbidity and mortality rates of this poorly diagnosed widely-spread disease. Dysregulation in microRNA (miRNAs) expression is associated with HCC progression. MethodsThe objective is to identify a panel of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) to enhance HCC early prediction in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Candidate miRNAs were selected using bioinformatic analysis of microarray and RNA-sequencing datasets, resulting in nine DE- miRNAs (miR-142, miR-150, miR-183, miR-199a, miR-215, miR-217, miR-224, miR-424 and miR-3607). Their expressions were validated in the serum of 44 healthy individuals, 62 non-cirrhotic HCV patients, 67 cirrhotic-HCV and 72 HCV-associated HCC patients using real time PCR (qPCR).ResultsThere was a significant increase in serum concentrations of the nine-candidate miRNAs in HCC and HCV patients relative to healthy individuals. MiR-424, miR-199a, miR-142, and miR-224 expressions were significantly altered in HCC compared to non-cirrhotic patients. While miR-199a and miR-183 showed differential expression in cirrhotic relative to non-cirrhotic patients. A panel of 5 miRNAs improved sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection to 100% and 95.12% relative to healthy controls. Distinguishing HCC from HCV-treated patients was achieved by 70.8% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity using the combined panel, compared to alpha-fetoprotein (51.4% sensitivity and 60.67% specificity).ConclusionMiR-142, miR-183, miR-199a, miR-224 and miR-424 novel panel could serve as non-invasive biomarker for HCC early prediction in chronic HCV patients.
‘… The Elderly are More Comfortable at Home Than at The Health Facility’. Primary Care Provider Notions On Instituting Community-Based Geriatric Support in Uganda
Authors: Ssensamba Jude Thaddeus , Nakafeero Mary , Musana Hellen , Amollo Mathew , Ssenyonjo Aloysius , Kiwanuka Suzanne N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Understanding of the most economical and sustainable models of providing geriatric care to Africa’s rising ageing population is critical. In Uganda, the number of old adults (60 years and above) continues to rise against absence of policies and guidelines, and models for providing care to this critical population. Our study explored public primary health care provider views on community-based geriatric support (CBGS) as an adaptable model for delivering geriatric care in Uganda’s resource-limited primary public health care settings.
Methods

We interviewed twenty key informants from four districts of Bukomansimbi, Kalungu, Rakai, and Lwengo in Southern Central Uganda. Respondents were leads (in-charges) of public primary health units that had spent at least six months at the fore said facilities. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed based on Hsieh and Shannon’s approach to conventional manifest content analysis.
Results

During analysis, four themes emerged: 1) Structures to leverage for CBGS, 2) How to promote CBGS, 3) Who should be involved in CBGS, and 4) What activities need to be leveraged to advance CBGS? The majority of the respondents viewed using the existing village health team and local leadership structures as key to the successful institutionalization of CBGS; leveraging community education and sensitization using radio, television, and engaging health workers, family relatives, and neighbors. Health outreach activities were mentioned as one of the avenues that could be leveraged to provide CBGS.
Conclusion

Provider notions pointed to CBGS as a viable model for instituting geriatric care in Uganda’s public primary healthcare system. However, this requires policymakers to leverage existing village health team and local governance structures, conduct community education and sensitization about CBGS, and bring onboard health workers, family relatives, and neighbors.
A Blockchain-Based Streaming Data Sharing Scheme with Incentives and Trust Access Control
Authors: Wang Yanping , Hu Teng , Zhong Qi , Zhu Yukun , Song jingcheng , Zhang Xiaosong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The fifth-generation of cellular mobile communications (5G) networks promotes the internet of everything, smart devices are setting to penetrate each piece of our life, generating a large amount of data. Data sharing is essential to derive the inherent value, either in the form of social/financial gain or strategic competitive advantage. However, the concerns of security and the deficiency of effective incentive in the Internet of things (IoT) lead to the poor willingness of data sharing. Such considerations call for novel IoT data-sharing protocols that can achieve better data security and provide a more attractive incentive mechanism. In this paper, we exploit smart contracts, re-encryption, and hash-chain to propose a reliable streaming data sharing scheme. Firstly, the incentives to stimulate the owner’s enthusiasm of sharing data is considered, our scheme provides authorized user accessible to the shared data and provides data providers profits to share data. Secondly, a n-time query mechanism that provided flexible data access is designed, in which authorized users can query the data n times within an agreed time. Since the query voucher and every successful query is recorded and verified by smart contract, everyone in the blockchain network can validate it, the trustfulness of data access are ensured. The analysis showed that our scheme has better performance than some of the current data sharing schemes, and the experiment is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.