bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and subjective well-being comparison between traumatic, nontraumatic chronic spinal cord injury, and healthy individuals in China
Authors: Altahla Ruba , Alshorman Jamal , Ali-Shah Sayed Zulfiqar , Nasb Mohammad , Tao Xu 
Published: December 2024

Background
Differentiating between traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (NT-SCI) is critical, as these classifications may significantly impact patients’ health outcomes and overall well-being, potentially resulting in differences in treatment protocols and therapeutic efficacy.

Objective
This study aims to compare the quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction with life (SWL) among individuals with traumatic spinal cord injuries (T-SCI), NT-SCI, and the healthy population in China.

Method
A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and December 2020 in the Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department of Tongji Hospital, Hubei University of Science and Technology. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to evaluate QoL and subjective well-being (SWB). An independent t-test was performed to assess differences within the SCI population, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient was utilized to explore relationships between the WHOQOL-BREF domains and the SWLS. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify key determinants influencing World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) domain scores and overall SWLS score.

Result
Participants with NT-SCI exhibited significant differences in overall health as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF domains compared to those with T-SCI (p < 0.05). Both the NT-SCI and T-SCI groups demonstrated lower mean scores across all four WHOQOL-BREF domains compared to healthy individuals. No significant differences were observed between the NT-SCI and T-SCI groups in the SWLS, although both groups scored lower than the healthy population. Additionally, SWB was moderately positively correlated with QoL (p < 0.01). Collectively, the predictor variables explained 22.28% of the variance in physical health, 6.43% in psychological health, 28.67% in social health, and 25.68% in environmental health. Furthermore, the independent variables accounted for approximately 22.67% of the variance in the SWLS.

Conclusions
Individuals with NT-SCI experience significantly worse overall health outcomes compared to those with T-SCI, although both groups report QoL and life satisfaction than healthy individuals. No significant differences in life satisfaction were found between two groups. Additionally, SWB shows a moderate positive correlation with QoL, highlighting the close relationship between mental and physical health in SCI populations.
Association of tyrosine kinase 2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to microscopic polyangiitis in a Guangxi population
Authors: Yang Binglan , Chu Liepeng , Feng Fei , Lu Shurong , Xue Chao 
Published: December 2024

Background
Heredity and epigenetics affect the pathogenesis of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) polymorphisms (rs2304256C > A, rs280519A > G, and rs12720270G > A) may be potential protective factors against anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Current research suggests that TYK2 is associated with various autoimmune diseases; however, no study has examined the relationship between TYK2 polymorphisms and AAV. This study assessed the effect of TYK2 polymorphisms on susceptibility to MPA.

Methods
Overall, 562 Chinese participants (265 patients with MPA and 297 healthy volunteers) were recruited. Polymerase chain reactions combined with high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze polymorphic loci, while logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between polymorphism of the TYK2 gene and MPA susceptibility.

Results
In males, individuals with the CA genotype (rs2304256) in the overdominant model showed a significantly reduced risk of MPA (odds ratio (OR) = 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.29–0.93]; p = 0.025). Regarding rs280519, male carriers of the AG genotype had a significantly lower risk of developing MPA in both the codominant (OR = 0.51; 95% CI [0.28–0.93]; p = 0.039) and overdominant (OR = 0.48; 95% CI [0.27–0.86]; p = 0.013) models. The GA genotype of rs12720270 was associated with low susceptibility to MPA in males (OR = 0.52; 95% CI [0.29–0.93]; p = 0.027).

Conclusions
This study indicates that mutations in the TYK2 gene (rs2304256, rs280519, and rs12720270) may be associated with a reduced risk of MPA in the male Chinese population in Guangxi. The A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2304256 may be a protective factor against MPA, while the G alleles of SNPs rs280519 and rs12720270 are protective factors against MPA.
Dosimetric comparison and evaluation of different convergence modes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using VMAT treatment deliveries
Authors: Lan Maoying , Wu Rui , Deng Guanhua , Yang Bo , Zhuang Yongdong , Yi Wei , Xu Wenwei , Sun Jiancong 
Published: December 2024

Background
This study investigates the impact of convergence mode (CM) in Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) on the quality and complexity of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 21 NPC patients. For each patient, three VMAT plans with different CM settings (Off, On, and Extended) were created using identical optimization objectives. Plan quality was assessed using indices such as the conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI), as well as evaluating target coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OARs). Complexity was measured by metrics including average leaf pair opening (ALPO), modulation complexity scores for VMAT (MCSv), monitor units (MUs), and optimization time. Dosimetric verification was performed based on the gamma pass rate.

Results
Different CM settings can generate treatment plans that meet clinical dose objectives for planning target volumes (PTVs) and OARs. The ‘On’ or ‘Extended’ CM settings improved CI and HI for the NPC target volume and reduced OAR doses, especially the mean dose, without compromising target coverage. The ‘Extended’ CM setting produced the most favorable outcomes. ALPO values for CM settings ‘Off’, ‘On’, and ‘Extended’ were 29.1 ± 4.3 mm, 28.6 ± 4.2 mm, and 28.4 ± 4. 2 mm, respectively. MCSv values for these settings were 0.1730 ± 0.0215, 0.1691 ± 0.0204, and 0.1693 ± 0.0208, respectively. MUs were 796.2 ± 110.8 for CM ‘Off’, 798.6 ± 106.1 for CM ‘On’, and 799.7 ± 103.6 for CM ‘Extended’, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Gamma pass rates for all plans were above 99% (3%/3 and 2%/2 mm), with no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). The average optimization times for CM settings ‘Off’, ‘On’, and ‘Extended’ were 14.4 ± 3.2, 35.9 ± 8.9, and 145.6 ± 50.3 min, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
CM usage can improve the CI and HI of the target volume and decrease the dose to OARs in VMAT plans for NPC patients. This study suggests that CM can be a valuable tool in VMAT planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, given adequate planning time.
Synthesis, and Characterization of Metal Transition Complexes Derived from the Schiff Base Ligand N,N'-Bis (5-bromosalicylidene)-Propane-1,2-Diamine (H2L)
Authors: Gueye Mbossé Ndiaye , Thiam Mariama , Santiago Pedro Henrique de Oliveira , Diouf Ngoné , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadji , Diouf Ousmane , Ellena Javier , Sall Abdou Salam , Gaye Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Five new transition metal complexes [Mn(L)(Cl)] (1), [Fe(L)(Cl)] (2), [Co(L)(H2O)2] (3), [Ni(L)(H2O)] (4) and [Cu(L)] (5), are synthesized from the Schiff base ligand N,N'-Bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-propane-1,2-diamine (H2L) which derived from the condensation of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde with propane-1,2-diamine in methanol. The complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopies, conductivity and magnetic moment measurements. The results show that the complexes 1-5 are mononuclear neutral electrolytes in DMF. The dinegative tetradentate ligand is coordinated to the metal ion through two phenolate oxygen atoms and two azomethine nitrogen atoms. Octahedral geometry is proposed for complex 3, square planar geometry is proposed for complexes 4 and 5 and square pyramidal geometry is proposed for complex 1 and 2. The structures of complexes 1 and 5 were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic system, with space group P21/c, while complex 5 crystallizes in a monoclinic system, with space group C2/c.
Vertretung der Aktiengesellschaft gegenüber geschäftsführenden Direktoren und Vorstand — Kommentar zu BGH v. 17.9.2024 – X ZR 39/23, AG 2025, 43
Authors: Denninger Philip 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der X. Zivilsenat des BGH hat in einer für die amtliche Sammlung vorgesehenen Entscheidung jüngst wichtige Fragen zur Reichweite der organschaftlichen Vertretungsmacht in der Aktiengesellschaft behandelt. Anders als die amtlichen Leitsätze es vermuten lassen könnten, enthält das Urteil dabei über die monistisch organisierte SE hinaus auch wichtige Aussagen für die dualistische AG.
KI: Generative Sprachmodelle im Steuerrecht – Konzepte, technologische Entwicklungen und Praxiseinblick
Authors: Bräutigam Rainer , Kirchhoff Steffen 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Verfasser geben einen Überblick über die Funktionsweise und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von generativen Sprachmodellen, wobei zwischen allgemeinen generativen Sprachmodellen und steuerfachlich versierteren Modellen unterschieden wird. Durch eine Umfrage unter Studierenden wird der aktuelle Praxiseinsatz sowie mögliche Implikationen für die Ausbildung im Steuerrecht aufgezeigt.
Incidence of Ankylosing Spondylitis Among Male and Female United States Army Personnel
Authors: Nelson D. Alan , Kaplan Robert M. , Kurina Lianne M. , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveIncidence rates of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among males versus females are poorly understood. Results of prior research have been mixed, including findings of a 3:1 incidence ratio for males versus females, but with increasing AS rates among females. The objective was to estimate the incidence of AS among members of the US military.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of AS in a retrospective cohort study of diverse, working‐age US military service members during March 2014 to June 2017 (n = 728,556) who underwent clinical practice guideline–directed screening for chronic back pain. Incident AS cases were identified using diagnostic codes from electronic medical and administrative records.ResultsIn contrast to some prior studies, AS incidence was similar among males and females (incidence rate ratio 1.16, P = 0.23; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.61–1.02]; P = 0.072). AS rates increased approximately monotonically with age. Consistent with prior research, the AS incidence rate was greater in the White population than in the Black population (adjusted OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.01–1.66]; P = 0.04).ConclusionIn this study population, the incidence of AS was similar for the sexes. Previous observations of male predominance have typically been derived from clinic populations that are less representative of the US race/ethnicity distribution and based on disease ascertainment tools that may have identified subjects later in their disease course. Our study population also differed in being subject to organized screenings for musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings suggest that sex may not predict AS incidence in the US population.
Stochastic blockmodeling for learning the structure of optimization problems
Authors: Mitrai Ilias , Tang Wentao , Daoutidis Prodromos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecomposition‐based solution algorithms for optimization problems depend on the underlying latent block structure of the problem. Methods for detecting this structure are currently lacking. In this article, we propose stochastic blockmodeling (SBM) as a systematic framework for learning the underlying block structure in generic optimization problems. SBM is a generative graph model in which nodes belong to some blocks and the interconnections among the nodes are stochastically dependent on their block affiliations. Hence, through parametric statistical inference, the interconnection patterns underlying optimization problems can be estimated. For benchmark optimization problems, we show that SBM can reveal the underlying block structure and that the estimated blocks can be used as the basis for decomposition‐based solution algorithms which can reach an optimum or bound estimates in reduced computational time. Finally, we present a general software platform for automated block structure detection and decomposition‐based solution following distributed and hierarchical optimization approaches.
New Fagaceous pollen taxa from the Miocene Søby flora of Denmark and their biogeographic implications
Authors: Denk Thomas , Bouchal Johannes M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseThe Fagaceae comprise around 1000 tree species in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite an extensive fossil pollen record, reconstructing biogeographic patterns is hampered because it is difficult to achieve good taxonomic resolution with light microscopy alone. We investigate dispersed pollen of Fagaceae from the Miocene Søby flora, Denmark. We explore the latitudinal gradient in Fagaceae distribution during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere to compare it with the Eocene Warmhouse and the present.MethodsWe investigated dispersed pollen using light and scanning electron microscopy. We assessed biogeographic patterns in Fagaceae during two warm periods in Earth history (MCO, Eocene) and the present.ResultsEight species of Fagaceae were recognized in the Søby flora. Of these, Fagus had a continuous Mediterranean to subarctic distribution during MCO; Quercus sect. Cerris and castaneoids had northern limits in Denmark, and evergreen Quercus sect. Ilex in Central Europe. In a northern hemispheric context, Fagus and sections of Quercus had more northerly distribution limits during Eocene and MCO with maximum northward extensions during Eocene (Fagus, castaneoids) or Oligo‐Miocene (Quercus sects. Cerris and Ilex). The known distribution of the extinct Tricolporopollenites theacoides during MCO included Central Europe and East China, while this taxon thrived in South China during Eocene.ConclusionsMore northerly distributions during MCO and Eocene probably were determined by temperature. In contrast, fossil occurrences in areas that are arid or semi‐humid today were determined by maritime conditions in these areas (western North America, Central Asia) during the Cenozoic.
Green light attenuates blue‐light‐induced chloroplast avoidance movement in Arabidopsis and Landoltia punctata
Authors: Schmalstig Judy G. , Jainandan Kenneth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseChloroplast movement to the anticlinal walls in excess light, referred to as chloroplast avoidance movement, is one strategy to prevent high light damage. Chloroplast avoidance movement is mediated by the blue‐light photoreceptor phototropin. Since some blue‐light effects are reversed by green light, we investigated the effect of green wavelengths on chloroplast avoidance.MethodsChloroplast position was visualized via microscopy and by transmission of red light through the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana and Landoltia punctata (duckweed).ResultsGreen light reduced blue‐light‐induced chloroplast avoidance movement but only when green light was presented simultaneously with blue light. Green light alone had no effect on chloroplast position. An action spectrum for green‐light attenuation of chloroplast avoidance in duckweed revealed peaks at 510, 550, and 590 nm. Blue‐light‐induced chloroplast avoidance movement in three Arabidopsis mutants with reduced nonphotochemical quenching, npq1, npq4, and npq7 was not affected by green light.ConclusionsThe action spectrum does not conform to any known photoreceptor. The lack of a green‐light response in the npq mutants of Arabidopsis suggests a possible role for the xanthophyll cycle or a signal from the chloroplast in control of chloroplast avoidance movement.
Molecular framework underlying floral bilateral symmetry and nectar spur development in Tropaeolum, an atypical member of the Brassicales
Authors: Martínez‐Salazar Sebastián , González Favio , Alzate Juan F. , Pabón‐Mora Natalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseFloral spurs are key innovations associated with elaborate pollination mechanisms that have evolved independently several times across angiosperms. Spur formation can shift the floral symmetry from radial to bilateral, as it is the case in Tropaeolum, the only member of the Brassicales with floral nectar spurs. The genetic mechanisms underlying both spur and bilateral symmetry in the family have not yet been investigated.MethodsWe studied flower development and morphoanatomy of Tropaeolum longifolium. We also generated a reference transcriptome and isolated all candidate genes involved in adaxial–abaxial differential growth during spur formation. Finally, we evaluated the evolution of the targeted genes across Brassicales and examined their expression in dissected floral parts.ResultsFive sepals initiate spirally, followed by five petals alternate to the sepals, five antesepalous stamens, three antepetalous stamens, and three carpels. Intercalary growth at the common base of sepals and petals forms a floral tube. The spur is an outgrowth from the adaxial region of the tube, lined up with the medial sepal. We identified Tropaeolum specific duplications in the TCP3/4L and STM gene lineages, which are critical for spur formation in other taxa. In addition, we found that TM6 (MADS‐box), RL2 (RAD‐like7), and KN2/6L2 and OSH6L (KNOX1 genes), have been lost in core Brassicales but retained in Tropaeolum.ConclusionsThree genes are pivotal during the extreme adaxial–abaxial asymmetry of the floral tube, namely, TlTCP4L2 restricted to the adaxial side where the spur is formed, and TlTCP12 and TlSTM1 to the abaxial side, lacking a spur.
Hartnup disease presenting as hereditary spastic paraplegia and severe peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wang Xianling , Li Xu‐Ying , Piao Yueshan , Yuan Guobin , Lin Yicong , Chen Hai , Wang Zhanjun , Li Cunjiang , Wang Chaodong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHartnup disease cases were rare, and the genotype–phenotype correlation was not fully understood. Here we reported two unrelated young men diagnosed as Hartnup disease, who carried novel compound heterozygote mutations in the SLC6A19 gene and presented with new phenotypes. Other than intermittent encephalopathy and photosensitive rashes, they displayed symptoms and signs of spastic paraplegia and severe peripheral nerve damages. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild bilateral cerebellar atrophy and thinning of the thoracic spinal cord. Electromyogram detected mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy in lower limbs. Sural nerve biopsy and pathological study indicated the moderately reduced neural fibers in the periphery nerves. Urinary amino acid analysis showed increased levels of multiple neutral amino acids. Moreover, muscle strengths in the lower limbs and the walking ability have been improved in both cases (MRC 3/5 to 4/5 in Patient 1; walking distance elongated from 50 to 100 m in Patient 2) after the treatment with oral nicotinic acid and intravenous injection of multiple amino acids. Exome sequencing revealed and confirmed the existence of the novel compound heterozygous SLC6A19 mutations: c.533G>A (p.Arg178Gln) and c.1379‐1G>C mutations in patient1, and c.1433delG (p.Gly478AlafsTer44) and c.811G>A (p.Ala271Thr) in patient 2. Taken together, these findings expanded the clinical, neuroimaging, pathology, and genetic spectrum of Hartnup disease. However, the co‐existence of HSP and peripheral neuropathy was only inferred based on clinical observations, and pathological and molecular studies are needed to further dissect the underlying mechanisms.
C1‐Functionalization of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs)
Authors: Tashrifi Zahra , Mohammadi Khanaposhtani Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) and its derivatives possess a widespread biochemical, pharmaceutical and biological properties and they are the key building blocks in the structure of drugs and natural alkaloids. Accordingly, construction of multi‐substituted and polycyclic THIQs through functionalization of THIQs at different positions especially at C1‐position have come to the center of attraction in recent studies. In this review, we've focused on the classification of C1‐functionalization of THIQs in the research articles from 2013 on, including a brief description of the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of multi‐substituted and polycyclic THIQs based on the type of substituents at the 1‐position of the THIQ moiety. From this point of view, the main categories are C1‐Functionalization and C1‐Functionalization with annulation.
Practical Syntheses and Luminescent Properties of Arene‐substituted Arsines
Authors: Kihara Hyota , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAryldiphenylarsines, diarylphenylarsines, and triarylarsines were synthesized by practical methods to utilize the heavy atom effect for phosphorescence. 1‐Naphthyl, 2‐naphthyl, 9‐phenanthryl, and 1‐pyrenyl groups were introduced in the present work. The obtained arene‐substituted arsines showed phosphorescence in solutions at 77 K. On the other hand, 1‐pyrenyl‐substituted arsines showed only fluorescence in the solid states at 77 K, whereas the others exhibited phosphorescence. In addition, oxidation of the arsenic atom promoted fluorescence instead of phosphorescence. X‐ray crystallography and computational calculations were conducted to understand the luminescence behaviors of the arene‐substituted arsines.
Li2MTeO6 (M=Ti, Sn): Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal with Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Wide Transparency Range
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Guo Xiaojie , Gao Zeliang , Liu Fuan , Guo Feifei , Wang Siyuan , Wang Haoyuan , Sun Youxuan , Tao Xutang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxide crystals have been widely used in nonlinear optics (NLO) in the ultraviolet–visible and near‐infrared regions. Most traditional oxide crystals are restricted to the mid‐infrared region due to their narrow transmission window. Hence, attempting to extend infrared cutoff wavelength of oxides has attracted much attention. Herein, we report two new tellurates Li2TiTeO6 (LTT) and Li2SnTeO6 (LST) with broad transparent regions of 0.38–6.72 and 0.38–6.86 μm, respectively, as excellent candidates for mid‐infrared NLO applications. Both LTT and LST crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnn2. The LTT crystal exhibits intense powder second‐order generation efficiency (26×KDP) under the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. First‐principles calculations and dipole moments were used to illustrate the results of the powder second‐harmonic generations based on the crystal structures. Our results provide a novel oxide NLO crystal with a strong SHG and wide transparency range. They also pave a way for the design of new oxide mid‐IR NLO crystals.