bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondhand homes: The multilayered influence of woodpeckers as ecosystem engineers
Authors: Hardin Faith O. , Leivers Samantha , Grace Jacquelyn K. , Hancock Zachary , Campbell Tyler , Pierce Brian , Morrison Michael L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEcosystem engineers alter, and can be influenced in turn by, the ecosystems they live in. Woodpeckers choose foraging and nesting sites based, in part, on food availability. Once abandoned, these cavities, particularly within areas of high forage, may be crucial to secondary cavity‐nesting birds otherwise limited by cavities formed through decay. Our study examined factors that influence the nesting success of primary cavity nesters and the subsequent impact on secondary cavity‐nesting birds. Using 5 years of point count data, we monitored the outcomes of cavity‐nesting birds in South Texas. We used logistic‐exposure models to predict daily survival rates based on cavity metrics and used woodpecker foraging trends and insect surveys to determine if nesting where woodpeckers actively forage benefits secondary cavity‐nesting birds. Both woodpeckers and secondary cavity nesters shared predictors of daily survival; nests were more successful in cavities with small openings in minimally decayed trees. All secondary cavity nesters had higher probabilities of success when nesting in an abandoned woodpecker cavity, opposed to ones formed by decay. Woodpeckers tended to forage in areas with higher‐than‐average levels of the insect orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera, and secondary cavity nesters had higher rates of success when nesting in these areas. Our results suggest abandoned woodpecker cavities may be constructed in a way that directly benefit secondary cavity nesters. Additionally, we suggest an interplay between these ecosystem engineers, food availability, and secondary cavity nesters: Woodpeckers engineer superior nesting cavities in areas where food is more abundant, and the resultant cavities in areas of high forage may benefit local secondary cavity nesters. Our findings indicate that there is still much to be explored in the role of ecosystem engineers, and how they influence local communities on multiple trophic levels.
Characterization of the abiotic drivers of abundance of nearshore Arctic fishes
Authors: Khalsa Noah S. , Gatt Kyle P. , Sutton Trent M. , Kelley Amanda L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFish are critical ecologically and socioeconomically for subsistence economies in the Arctic, an ecosystem undergoing unprecedented environmental change. Our understanding of the responses of nearshore Arctic fishes to environmental change is inadequate because of limited research on the physicochemical drivers of abundance occurring at a fine scale. Here, high‐frequency in situ measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were paired with daily fish catches in nearshore Alaskan waters of the Beaufort Sea. Due to the threat that climate change poses to high‐latitude marine ecosystems, our main objective was to characterize the abiotic drivers of abundance and elucidate how nearshore fish communities may change in the future. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe responses to the nearshore environment for 18 fish species. Relationships between abundance and the physicochemical environment were variable between species and reflected life history. Each abiotic covariate was significant in at least one GAM, exhibiting both nonlinear and linear associations with abundance. Temperature was the most important predictor of abundance and was significant in GAMs for 11 species. Notably, pH was a significant predictor of abundance for six species: Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus), Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), and whitespotted greenling (Hexagrammos stelleri). Broad whitefish and whitespotted greenling abundance was positively associated with pH, while Arctic cod and saffron cod abundance was negatively associated with pH. These results may be a bellwether for future nearshore Arctic fish community change by providing a foundational characterization of the relationships between abundance and the abiotic environment, particularly in regard to pH, and demonstrate the importance of including a wider range of physicochemical habitat covariates in future research.
DNA barcoding reveals the temporal community composition of drifting fish eggs in the lower Hongshui River, China
Authors: Chen Weitao , Zhu Shuli , Yang Jiping , Li Xinhui , Li Yuefei , Li Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining the temporal community composition of fish eggs in particular regions and understanding the reproductive times of regional fish taxa are key aspects of the management and regulation of regional fish stocks. However, it is extremely difficult to accurately identify fish eggs due to the absence of diagnostic morphological characters. We sampled fish eggs in the lower Hongshuihe River (an upper mainstem of the Pearl River) between May and September 2020. We then used DNA barcoding to determine the species composition of the egg pool and to predict the spawning periods of the identified species. A total of 641 eggs and 17 larvae were chosen for molecular identification; 397 eggs and 17 larvae yielded high‐quality barcoding sequences. The high failure rate (~38%) was most likely due to long‐term storage in low concentrations of ethanol prior to molecular analysis. We successfully classified 392 eggs into 10 species and 13 larvae into four species using public databases. Most of the species identified in the egg pool were small and/or benthic, and migratory species were rare. This may partially reflect the adverse effects of hydropower cascade development in this river section. We also found that spawning periods tended to be species‐specific. Our study provides a reference for the conservation and management of regional fishery stocks.
Effects of varying retention tree patterns on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) taxonomic and functional diversity
Authors: Sultaire Sean M. , Kroll Andrew J. , Verschuyl Jake , Landis Douglas A. , Roloff Gary J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManaging forests intensively for timber production can homogenize forest structure and, in turn, alter species richness and functional composition of native species communities. Retention forestry, the practice of retaining structural elements during timber harvest, can increase species diversity in recently harvested forests, but its effect on functional trait diversity is less understood. We used a broad‐scale, replicated experiment to evaluate the effect of five tree retention patterns on species and functional trait diversity of ground beetles (Family: Carabidae) within early‐seral production forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. We found no evidence for differences in carabid species or functional trait richness among treatments when considering species present in retention patches and adjacent clear‐cuts. However, we found evidence for lower taxonomic and functional trait variation between carabid communities present in retention patches and those present in clear‐cut areas of stands when retention was allocated to several small patches. Lower levels of functional trait variation in stands with several small patches were due to specialized predators found less often in small retention patches than in aggregated or riparian retention patches. Our findings indicate that relative to single large or riparian‐associated patches, small retention patches functioned similarly to clear‐cuts within harvested forests and several small patches did not increase species or functional trait richness. At current levels of retention in the region, allocation of trees to a single upland patch or split between riparian and upland patches can increase variation in ground beetle taxonomic and functional composition within harvested forests.
Effects of different tea plantation management systems on arthropod assemblages and network structure
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Chen Hui , Behm Jocelyn E. , Xia Shangwen , Wang Bo , Liu Shengjie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTea plantations are intensive monocultures and vulnerable to various pests due to a low diversity of natural enemies. In ancient tea plantations, the trees have grown for hundreds of years in mixed stands with many native trees, resulting in a landscape deemed as a “forest tea plantation.” However, no empirical studies have explicitly examined the effects of forest tea plantations on arthropod communities. Here, we addressed the difference of arthropod assemblages and ecological networks between the forest tea plantations and monoculture tea plantations, specifically focusing on the natural enemies and insect herbivores. Our results showed that the diversity of all arthropods, insect herbivore, and their natural enemies was higher in forest tea plantations compared to the monoculture tea plantations. In contrast, monoculture tea plantations had a higher abundance of all arthropods and insect herbivores due to a sharp increase in the abundance of the pest leafhopper, Empoasca vitis. Furthermore, forest tea plantation had higher co‐occurrences among natural enemies and insect herbivores than a randomized network, which suggests that natural enemies may co‐occur with some specific herbivore species. These results allow us to predict that forest tea plantations enhance insect herbivore control by increasing diversity of natural enemies and network structure between natural enemies and herbivores. Our study suggests that the ecological network approach opens up new possibilities for improving our prediction and understanding of pest suppression in agroecosystems.
Drivers of variation in the population dynamics of bighorn sheep
Authors: Paterson J. Terrill , Proffitt Kelly , Rotella Jay , McWhirter Douglas , Garrott Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how variation in vital rates interact to shape the trajectories of populations has long been understood to be a critical component of informed management and restoration efforts. However, an expanding body of work suggests that the expectations for population dynamics of ungulates may not be applicable to small, declining, or threatened populations. Populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) suffered declines at the turn of the 20th century, and restoration efforts have been mixed such that many populations remain small and isolated. Here, we utilized survey data collected from 1983 to 2018 from 17 populations of bighorn sheep in Montana and Wyoming to estimate the parameters of a stage‐specific population model that we used to (1) characterize the spatial and temporal variation in key vital rates including whether populations were stable, increasing, or declining; (2) estimate the contributions of vital rates to variation in population growth rates; and (3) evaluate potential sources of variation in lamb survival. We found substantial variation in all vital rates both among years and populations, strong evidence for an overall decline in nine of the 17 populations, and clear evidence for multiple combinations of vital rates that resulted in positive population trajectories. The contribution of ewe survival and lamb survival to the total variation in population growth rates varied among populations; however, declines in ewe survival dominated transitions of population trajectories from stable or increasing to declining, whereas reversals of declining population trajectories were dominated by improved lamb survival. We found strong evidence for a diverse set of associations between lamb survival and environmental covariates related to growing season and winter severity. The estimated relationships predict that environmental drivers can cause important changes in lamb survival and provide suggestive evidence that the presence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is not sufficient to prevent population growth. Although our work demonstrates that the trajectories of these populations of bighorn sheep are driven by a variety of processes, the diversity of relationships between vital rates and population growth rates also suggests that there are multiple pathways to manage for population recovery.
The link between collaborative governance design and markers of legitimacy: Comparing Swedish water‐ and large carnivore management
Authors: Söderberg Charlotta , Sandström Annica , Lundmark Carina , Nilsson Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses how the design of collaborative regimes influences markers of legitimacy in Swedish water‐ and large carnivore governance. Based on institutional analysis and statistical analysis of survey data, the study examines two systems with different types of collaborative designs and compares them in relation to markers of legitimacy, in terms of perceived process quality, policy agreement and policy acceptance among the involved decision‐making actors and concerned organizations. The findings show how the design of collaboration influences some, but not all, explored markers of legitimacy. First, the categories of actors involved; whom they are accountable to; and the authority given to the collaborative forums, effect perceptions of influence, the possibility of reaching joint agreements and the degree of policy agreement among involved decision‐makers. Second, the findings indicate that the degree of policy agreement among concerned organizations is unaffected by differences in institutional design. Third, the degree of policy acceptance among involved decision‐making actors and concerned organizations was unaffected by institutional design and notably high in both systems. The results both verify and develop previous research findings and the message to policymakers is to carefully consider the design when introducing new collaborative forums, including whom to invite, in what role, and with what mandate.
Rhenium – A Tuneable Player in Tailored Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Gothe Maitê L. , Silva Karla L. C. , Figueredo Adolfo L. , Fiorio Jhonatan L. , Rozendo Jennifer , Manduca Bruno , Simizu Vinício , Freire Renato S. , Garcia Marco A. S. , Vidinha Pedro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough rhenium may not be the most common choice of active species in catalysis, it has been reported as a highly active and selective catalyst over a wide range of reactions. Its applications include hydrogenation reactions of great relevance in the field of renewable materials and bio‐derived platform molecules, such as valorization of lignin, CO2, and carboxylic acids. Different from several transition metals, rhenium presents oxidation numbers varying from −3 to +7. Such diversity in the coordination chemistry of rhenium is reflected in the variety of known rhenium compounds, since this metal can form stable structures such as ligand‐bridged multinuclear and organometallic compounds as well as inorganic oxides, metal‐organic frameworks, and clusters. The exceptional flexibility in rhenium speciation yields numerous selective catalysts; however, it also makes the characterization of rhenium catalysts challenging, and its influence on the catalytic activity is not trivial. This review will outline the most established rhenium‐based materials used in hydrogenation catalysis and shed some light on the relation of rhenium species to catalyst selectivity based on advanced characterization techniques. Finally, our perspectives on the use of rhenium catalysts to produce value‐added products will be given.
Improved Synthesis of MediPhos Ligands and Their Use in the Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioselective N‐Allylation of Glycine Esters
Authors: Albat Dominik , Reiher Martin , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new class of chiral C2‐symmetric diphosphines (MediPhos) was recently shown to give superior results in the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric N‐allylation of amino acid esters. We here describe a new, improved protocol for the preparation of such ligands through bidirectional SN2‐coupling of a tartrate‐derived ditosylate with 6‐alkyl‐2‐bromophenols followed by double lithiation/phosphanylation. This method gave access to a series of nine ligands with branched alkyl substituents, which were benchmarked in the enantioselective Pd‐catalyzed N‐allylation of tert‐butyl glycinate with racemic (E)‐2,8‐dimethylnona‐5‐en‐4‐yl methyl carbonate (up to 95 % ee). In addition, the analogous transformation of tert‐butyl glycinate with methyl (E)‐nona‐5‐en‐4‐yl carbonate was optimized. The obtained allylic amines were then used in the stereoselective synthesis of the conformationally restricted proline‐derived dipeptide analogs ProM‐17 and ProM‐21.
Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments
Authors: Poddar Saumen , Sharmeen Sadia , Hage David S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAffinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target‐specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography, and dye‐ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
Impact analysis of energy‐related carbon emission in Chongqing based on logarithmic mean division index
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Yang Yuezhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe greenhouse effect has become the focus of global research attention in recent years. As a major carbon emitter, China has made great efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Chongqing, located in southwest China, is a comprehensive transportation hub in southwest China and the largest industrial and commercial hub in the west of the city and the Yangtze River economic belt. The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact analysis of the energy‐related carbon emission in Chongqing. And the logarithmic mean division index is employed to explore the contributor level of population, energy efficiency, energy structure and economic development to the total carbon emissions in Chongqing. The study reveals that economic development was the main driving factor affecting carbon emissions in Chongqing, and energy efficiency was the main factor in the decline of carbon dioxide emissions. Both factors increase over time. Population and energy structure have little effect on carbon emissions in Chongqing. Population factors have always played a driving role in carbon emissions, and the contribution of energy structure to carbon emissions is not obvious in the analysis of results. The findings of the study provide a valuable reference for the government to formulate related low policies and plans for carbon emissions mitigation.
Biosorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions byRhizopus oryzae: Isotherm and kinetic evaluation
Authors: Tangestani Mahbubeh , Naeimi Behrouz , Dobaradaran Sina , Keshtkar Mozhgan , Salehpour Parisa , Fouladi Zahra , Zareipour Samaneh , Sadeghzadeh Farzaneh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRemoval of high fluoride contents from aqueous solutions by inexpensive, and biocompatible biosorbent is a main concern for human health. In the present study the efficacy ofRhizopus oryzaefungal biomass in removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions considering the effects of different parameters such as contact time (10–180 min), initial fluoride concentration (2–10 mg/L), and biosorbent dose (0.25–2 g/L) was studied in a batch system. The optimum condition for the maximum fluoride biosorption (90.5%) was obtained at 2 g/L biosorbent dose, 30 min contact time and 2 mg/L initial fluoride concentration. The Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9844) fitted better than the other models and showed a homogeneous biosorption surface with the possibility of a monolayer biosorption of fluoride by biosorbent. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity of fluoride forR. oryzaewas obtained at 1.16 mg/g. The biosorption kinetic was controlled by the pseudo‐second‐order (R2 = 0.9999) model and based on the intra‐particle diffusion model; the fluoride biosorption rate was not controlled only by the mechanisms of intra‐particle diffusion. Consequently, the results showed that fungal biomass can be used as a suitable biosorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxide decorated zeolite as the efficient sorbent for removal of toxic metal ions
Authors: Shamsayei Maryam , Yamini Yadollah , Asiabi Hamid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere is synthesized low‐cost and green core‐shell ZSM‐5 zeolite@ layered double hydroxides (ZSM‐5@LDH) via a simple in situ coprecipitation method. The structure of the sorbent was investigated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Barret‐Joyner‐Halenderm, and transmission electron microscope. The ZSM‐5@LDH was used for the removal of heavy metal ions include Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) and oxyanions include As(V), Cr(VI), Se(VI) from aqueous solutions. Synthesized sorbent showed selectivity for removing Pb(II) and As(V) ions. The kinetics models (pseudo‐first‐order and the pseudo‐second‐order models) and adsorption isotherms models (Langmuir and Freundlich models) of sorbent were studied to evaluate the performance of their practical application. The ZSM‐5@LDH for removal of Pb(II) and As(V) exhibits a high adsorption capacity (546.25 and 411.41 mg g−1, respectively) and very high distribution coefficient (Kd) values (4.07× 104 and 8.0 × 106 ml g−1, respectively), which place it at the top of materials known for the removal of Pb(II) and As(V). As a result, this study indicates that the ZSM‐5@LDH may be an ideal material for the selective removal of Pb(II) and As(V).
Potential application of palm oil products as electrical insulating medium in oil‐immersed transformers
Authors: Mohd Noor Khairin , Wen‐Huei Lim , Abu Hassan Noor Armylisa's , Shoot‐Kian Yeong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe physico‐chemical and electrical insulating properties of certain palm oil products, including triglyceride oils, fatty acids, fatty esters, and glycerol were evaluated for use in oil‐immersed transformers. The studied triglyceride oils have excellent kinematic viscosity values: 30.25–40.49 mm2 s−1 at 40°C, 6.46–8.34 mm2 s−1 at 100°C; flash point: 278–320°C; moisture content: 16–175 mg kg−1 and dielectrical breakdown voltage: 29.1–40.9 kV. Fatty acids and fatty esters have relatively lower kinematic viscosity and flash point values than triglyceride oils. The type of hydrocarbon chain, hydrocarbon chain length and molecular size were shown to have substantial effects on the physico‐chemical and electrical properties of the studied oils. The drying process imposed on refined‐bleached‐deodorized palm olein (RBD POo) has reduced the moisture from 400 mg kg−1 to 100 mg kg−1 and improved the dielectrical strength from 31.1 kV to 76.8 kV. Blending of RBD POo with fatty acids or fatty esters has improved the kinematic viscosity of RBD POo and offers even higher flash and fire points than mineral oil. This study showed that palm oil and palm oil products have strong potential to serve as coolants and may be safer for use in oil‐filled transformers as compared to mineral oil.