bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed SSR marker analysis of Diplocarpon coronariae reveals clonality within samples from Middle Europe and genetic distance from Asian and North American isolates
Authors: Oberhänsli Thomas , Dalbosco Anna , Leschenne Virginie , Bohr Anne , Buchleither Sascha , Tamm Lucius , Wille Lukas , Aćimović Srđan G. , Khodadadi Fatemeh , Ryu Young-Hyun , Studer Bruno , Schärer Hans-Jakob , Patocchi Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Apple blotch (AB) caused by Diplocarpon coronariae (Dc) has been established in Europe since 2010. AB is a serious apple disease, mostly in low input orchards and in cider production areas in Northern Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. However, the epidemiology and population genetic structure of this pathogen is unknown.

Methods
We developed twelve Dc-specific microsatellite markers and screened DNA of both pure fungal isolates and infected apple leaves. The marker data of 313 European samples of Dc were compared to Dc isolates from Asia (n = 7) and the USA (n = 3).

Results
We found 31 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in European samples, and seven additional MLGs in the Asian and USA samples. The European samples had the typical genetic signature of a recently introduced species including high clonality, a low number of private alleles and one dominant MLG across all the sampling sites. All European MLGs were genetically distant from those MLGs of Asian and USA origin. Based on the lack of linkage disequilibrium observed, there is evidence that Dc undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination in the European population, although the sexual stage (apothecia) has not been observed in Europe.

Conclusions
The twelve newly developed SSR markers reported here provide a useful tool to characterize the population genetic diversity and structure of Dc in Europe. Our study supports the hypothesis that Dc is a recently introduced pathogen in Europe, but of currently unknown origin. Dc has a large effective population size during field epidemics, so we believe that the pathogen has substantial evolutionary potential. Application of the SSR markers to large-scale and diverse Dc samples will help to better understand the epidemiology of AB, which has become a global apple disease, and will help guide effective mitigation strategies based on disease management and resistance breeding.
Maternal Midpregnancy Leptin and Adiponectin Levels as Predictors of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prenatal Cohort Study
Authors: Joung Kyoung Eun , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Oken Emily , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impaired social function and repetitive behaviors. Their etiology is largely unknown.

Objective
This work aims to examine the associations of maternal second-trimester and cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels with ASDs in offspring.

Methods
We used data from 1164 mother-child pairs enrolled in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of leptin and adiponectin levels in maternal second-trimester blood and cord blood obtained at birth with ASDs. Additionally, we examined the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) as an exposure. Main outcome measures included doctor-diagnosed ASDs reported by mothers using questionnaires in midchildhood and early adolescence.

Results
The cumulative incidence of ASDs was 3.4%. Maternal prepregnancy BMI (per 5 points) was positively associated with ASDs in a logistic regression model adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, smoking status and child sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06-1.79). Higher second-trimester adiponectin was associated with lower odds of ASD in offspring (unadjusted OR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.78; and OR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91 after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education, child sex, OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.93 after adjusting for BMI, gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and smoking status). Maternal leptin and cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels were not associated with ASDs.

Conclusion
Prepregnancy BMI and adiponectin during pregnancy may be useful as a tool to monitor the risk of autism. Increasing adiponectin levels prenatally may play a role in the prevention of ASDs.
The Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Mineralocorticoid Receptor–Directed Therapies in Heart Failure
Authors: Young Morag J , Kanki Monica , Karthigan Nikshay , Konstandopoulos Penny 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRA), also referred to as aldosterone blockers, are now well-recognized for their clinical benefit in patients who have heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Recent studies have also shown MRA can improve outcomes in patients with HFpEF, where the ejection fraction is preserved but left ventricular filling is reduced. While the MR is a steroid hormone receptor best known for antinatriuretic actions on electrolyte homeostasis in the distal nephron, it is now established that the MR has many physiological and pathophysiological roles in the heart, vasculature, and other nonepithelial tissue types. It is the impact of MR activation on these tissues that underpins the use of MRA in cardiovascular disease, in particular HF. This mini-review will discuss the origins and the development of MRA and highlight how their use has evolved from the “potassium-sparing diuretics” spironolactone and canrenone over 60 years ago, to the more receptor-selective eplerenone and most recently the emergence of new nonsteroidal receptor antagonists esaxerenone and finerenone.
Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Peritoneal Metastases: Multicenter Study of ‘Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam—S.I.C.O.’
Authors: Marano Luigi , Marrelli Daniele , Sammartino Paolo , Biacchi Daniele , Graziosi Luigina , Marino Elisabetta , Coccolini Federico , Fugazzola Paola , Valle Mario , Federici Orietta , Baratti Dario , Deraco Marcello , Di Giorgio Andrea , Macrì Antonio , Pasqual Enrico Maria , Framarini Massimo , Vaira Marco , Roviello Franco ,   the Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam (S.I.C.O.)
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe development of multimodality treatment, including cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has led to promising results in selected patients with peritoneal disease of gastric origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of CRS/HIPEC in the treatment of synchronous peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.MethodsThe Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam—S.I.C.O. retrospective registry included patients with synchronous peritoneal malignancy from gastric cancer submitted to gastrectomy with CRS and HIPEC between 2005 and 2018 from 11 high-volume, specialized centers.ResultsA total of 91 patients with a median age of 58 years (range 26–75) were enrolled. The median overall survival (OS) time for the whole group of patients was 20.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.8–28.5] and the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 7.3 months (95% CI 4–10.6). The completeness of cytoreduction score (CCS) of 0 and Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) score of ≤ 6 groups showed a significantly better long-term survival (median OS 40.7 and 44.3 months, respectively) compared with the incomplete resected groups (median OS 10.7 months,p = 0.003) and PCI score of > 6 group (median OS 13.4 months,p = 0.005). A significant difference was observed in the survival rate according to neoadjuvant treatment (untreated patients: 10.7 months, 95% CI 5.1–16.2; treated patients: 35.3 months, 95% CI 2.8–67.8;p = 0.022).ConclusionsIn referral centers, CRS and HIPEC after neoadjuvant treatment significantly improved survival in selected patients. Patients with a PCI score ≤ 6, complete cytoreduction, negative nodal involvements, and negative cytology had encouraging results, showing a clinically meaningful survival.
Manipulation under anaesthesia after primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Goytizolo Enrique , Mishu Mithun D. , Westrich Geoffrey H. 
Published: May 2021

AimsManipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) remains an effective intervention to address restricted range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and occurs in 2% to 3% of primary TKAs at our institution. Since there are few data on the outcomes of MUA with different anaesthetic methods, we sought to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing MUA with intravenous (IV) sedation and neuraxial anaesthesia.MethodsWe identified 548 MUAs after primary TKA (136 IV sedation, 412 neuraxial anaesthesia plus IV sedation) from March 2016 to July 2019. The mean age of this cohort was 62 years (35 to 88) with a mean body mass index of 31 kg/m2(18 to 49). The mean time from primary TKA to MUA was 10.2 weeks (6.2 to 24.3). Pre-MUA ROM was similar between groups; overall mean pre-MUA extension was 4.2° (p = 0.452) and mean pre-MUA flexion was 77° (p = 0.372). We compared orthopaedic complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, length of stay (LOS), and immediate and three-month follow-up knee ROM between these groups.ResultsFollowing MUA, patients with IV sedation had higher mean VAS pain scores of 5.2 (SD 1.8) compared to 4.1 (SD = 1.5) in the neuraxial group (p < 0.001). The mean LOS was shorter in patients that received IV sedation (9.5 hours (4 to 31)) compared to neuraxial anaesthesia (11.9 hours (4 to 51)) (p = 0.009), but an unexpected overnight stay was similar in each group (8.6%). Immediate-post MUA ROM was 1° to 121° in the IV sedation group and 0.9° to 123° in the neuraxial group (p = 0.313). Three-month follow-up ROM was 2° to 108° in the IV sedation group and 1.9° to 110° in the neuraxial anaesthesia group (p = 0.325) with a mean loss of 13° (ranging from 5° gain to 60° loss), in both groups by three months. No patients in either group sustained a complication.ConclusionIV sedation alone and neuraxial anaesthesia are both effective anaesthetic methods for MUA after primary TKA. Surgeons and anaesthetists should offer these anaesthetic techniques to match patient-specific needs as the orthopaedic outcomes are similar. Also, patients should be counselled that ROM following MUA may decrease over time. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):126–130.
Medicare bundles for arthroplasty
Authors: Springer Bryan D. , McInerney Jordan 
Published: May 2021

Aims There is concern that aggressive target pricing in the new Bundled Payment for Care Improvement Advanced (BPCI-A) penalizes high-performing groups that had achieved low costs through prior experience in bundled payments. We hypothesize that this methodology incorporates unsustainable downward trends on Target Prices and will lead to groups opting out of BPCI Advanced in favour of a traditional fee for service. Methods Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data, we compared the Target Price factors for hospitals and physician groups that participated in both BPCI Classic and BPCI Advanced (legacy groups), with groups that only participated in BPCI Advanced (non-legacy). With rebasing of Target Prices in 2020 and opportunity for participants to drop out, we compared retention rates of hospitals and physician groups enrolled at the onset of BPCI Advanced with current enrolment in 2020. Results At its peak in July 2015, 342 acute care hospitals and physician groups participated in Lower Extremity Joint Replacement (LEJR) in BPCI Classic. At its peak in March 2019, 534 acute care hospitals and physician groups participated in LEJR in BPCI Advanced. In January 2020, only 14.5% of legacy hospitals and physician groups opted to stay in BPCI Advanced for LEJR. Analysis of Target Price factors by legacy hospitals during both programmes demonstrates that participants in BPCI Classic received larger negative adjustments on the Target Price than non-legacy hospitals. Conclusion BPCI Advanced provides little opportunity for a reduction in cost to offset a reduced Target Price for efficient providers, as made evident by the 85.5% withdrawal rate for BPCI Advanced. Efficient providers in BPCI Advanced are challenged by the programme’s application of trend and efficiency factors that presumes their cost reduction can continue to decline at the same rate as non-efficient providers. It remains to be seen if reverting back to Medicare fee for service will support the same level of care and quality achieved in historical bundled payment programmes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):119–125.
A novel approach to 3D bone creation in minutes
Authors: Mahfouz Mohamed R. , Abdel Fatah Emam E. , Johnson J. Michael , Komistek Richard D. 
Published: May 2021

Aims The objective of this study is to assess the use of ultrasound (US) as a radiation-free imaging modality to reconstruct 3D anatomy of the knee for use in preoperative templating in knee arthroplasty. Methods Using an US system, which is fitted with an electromagnetic (EM) tracker that is integrated into the US probe, allows 3D tracking of the probe, femur, and tibia. The raw US radiofrequency (RF) signals are acquired and, using real-time signal processing, bone boundaries are extracted. Bone boundaries and the tracking information are fused in a 3D point cloud for the femur and tibia. Using a statistical shaping model, the patient-specific surface is reconstructed by optimizing bone geometry to match the point clouds. An accuracy analysis was conducted for 17 cadavers by comparing the 3D US models with those created using CT. US scans from 15 users were compared in order to examine the effect of operator variability on the output. Results The results revealed that the US bone models were accurate compared with the CT models (root mean squared error (RM)S: femur, 1.07 mm (SD 0.15); tibia, 1.02 mm (SD 0.13). Additionally, femoral landmarking proved to be accurate (transepicondylar axis: 1.07° (SD 0.65°); posterior condylar axis: 0.73° (SD 0.41°); distal condylar axis: 0.96° (SD 0.89°); medial anteroposterior (AP): 1.22 mm (SD 0.69); lateral AP: 1.21 mm (SD 1.02)). Tibial landmarking errors were slightly higher (posterior slope axis: 1.92° (SD 1.31°); and tubercle axis: 1.91° (SD 1.24°)). For implant sizing, 90% of the femora and 60% of the tibiae were sized correctly, while the remainder were only one size different from the required implant size. No difference was observed between moderate and skilled users. Conclusion The 3D US bone models were proven to be closely matched compared with CT and suitable for preoperative planning. The 3D US is radiation-free and offers numerous clinical opportunities for bone visualization rapidly during clinic visits, to enable preoperative planning with implant sizing. There is potential to extend its application to 3D dynamic ligament balancing, and intraoperative registration for use with robots and navigation systems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):81–86.
Day-case approach to immediate breast reconstruction: pushing the boundaries of ambulatory breast surgery in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Shaker H , Leena NAR , Mayers V , Koussa F , Deshpande A 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Day-case surgery is safe and efficacious for most breast surgical procedures. Limited data exist on its use in immediate breast reconstruction. We present our experience of day-case management of mastectomy with immediate pre-pectoral implant-based reconstruction (IBR). Methods Data were collected on 47 patients who underwent day-case skin-sparing (SSM) or nipple-sparing (NSM) mastectomy with pre-pectoral IBR between October 2017 and September 2019. Clinicopathological data were collected, including postoperative complications, re-admission and re-operation. The data were compared to published national standards. Results Median age was 52 years (range 37–74). Thirty-two patients (68%) had an SSM and 15 (32%) had an NSM. Two patients (4%) had risk-reducing mastectomies and 45 had treatment for invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean tumour size was 33.3mm (range 7–85mm). Forty-two (89%) patients went home on the day of surgery. No patients required re-operation in the first 48 hours. The median postoperative follow-up time was 11.4 months (range 1.8–22.7 months). During the first 90-day postoperative period, eight patients (17%) developed superficial skin necrosis, five patients (10.6%) developed postoperative infections and five patients (10.6%) suffered an implant loss. Eight patients (17%) were readmitted for re-operation. Compared to UK national standards set in the iBRA study, our cohort has demonstrated comparable postoperative infection, implant loss and re-operation and re-admission rates. Conclusion We have demonstrated close to 90% day-case success rate for mastectomy with IBR. These early data suggest that immediate IBR can be carried out in a manner that is cost-efficient without impacting surgical outcomes.
As Implicações Psicológicas Desencadeadas pelo Excesso de Informações em Tempos de Pandemia Covid-19 / The Psychological Implications Triggered by the Excess of Information in Times of Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Tadeu Ferreira , Lima Juliano Dos Santos , Guerreiro Marcos Lázaro da Silva 
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) que teve início no ano de 2019, em Wuhan província de Hubei na China, tem gerando impactos físicos e psicológicos em todo o mundo. Cientistas em diversas em áreas em todos os países veem buscando estratégias de enfretamento priorizando a vida humana. O isolamento social requerido como forma de contenção da infecção viral fomentou o uso da internet e de ferramentas digitais em excesso. As novas tecnologias na área da comunicação, as plataformas digitais em destaque as redes sociais e seu poder de alcance, têm levado o acesso, uso, e exposição e o tempo de permanência a níveis preocupantes para a saúde física e mental. Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos psicológicos causados pela COVID-19, sobretudo, os impactos causados pela exposição prolongada e exacerbada de informações. Este artigo tem uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Compôs está revisão um total de 62 artigos, selecionados após uma leitura seletiva de natureza quanti/qualitativa tendo como critérios de inclusão artigos que versavam sobre estresse, excesso de informações, redes sociais e efeitos psicológicos, pandemia utilizando-se na busca os descritores ligados ao tema, sendo excluídos os artigos que não estavam no escopo da investigação. Foram também utilizadas como fontes dados disponíveis nos sites do ministério da saúde e de artigos compreendidos entre os anos de 2012 a 2020, nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Ministério da Saúde e Institutos de pesquisas sobre COVID 19. Evidenciou-se que a pandemia de COVID-19, provoca efeitos negativos gerando estresse que impacta negativamente sobre o estado psicológico humano, afetando a saúde mental e física dos indivíduos.
El “momento transicional” de la educación chilena: La Comisión Nacional para la Modernización de la Educación (1994-1995)
Authors: Neut Aguayo Sebastián 
Published: May 2021

El texto estudia el proceso institucional de generación de políticas educacionales más importante de la transición a la democracia en Chile a fines del siglo XX: la Comisión Nacional para la Modernización de la Educación. Esta iniciativa gubernamental tuvo como objetivo generar una plataforma política e ideológica compartida por la “comunidad nacional” que allanase la reforma educacional. La Comisión fue hegemonizada por el gobierno y la oposición de derecha, en un contexto en el que tenían alto control sobre una debilitada sociedad civil, y existían tenues deslindes entre los campos político y experto. Ideológicamente predominaron los idearios del capital humano y del conservadurismo católico. Las políticas recomendadas tuvieron por norte fortalecer el mercado educacional, con un Estado promotor y evaluador de tal. El texto concibe a la educación como un campo de disputa política e ideológica. Se analizan los modos de articulación política e ideológica a partir de la revisión extensa de fuentes primarias escritas, especialmente prensa, los informes de la instancia y decretos gubernamentales.
A study of meta-analyses reporting quality in the large and expanding literature of educational technology
Authors: Tamim Rana M. , Borokhovski Evgueni , Bernard Robert M. , Schmid Richard F. , Abrami Philip C. , Pickup David I. 
Published: May 2021

As the empirical literature in educational technology continues to grow, meta-analyses are increasingly being used to synthesise research to inform practice. However, not all meta-analyses are equal. To examine their evolution over the past 30 years, this study systematically analysed the quality of 52 meta-analyses (1988–2017) on educational technology. Methodological and reporting quality is defined here as the completeness of the descriptive and methodological reporting features of meta-analyses. The study employed the Meta-Analysis Methodological Reporting Quality Guide (MMRQG), an instrument designed to assess 22 areas of reporting quality in meta-analyses. Overall, MMRQG scores were negatively related to average effect size (i.e., the higher the quality, the lower the effect size). Owing to the presence of poor-quality syntheses, the contribution of educational technologies to learning has been overestimated, potentially misleading researchers and practitioners. Nine MMRQG items discriminated between higher and lower average effect sizes. A publication date analysis revealed that older reviews (1988–2009) scored significantly lower on the MMRQG than more recent reviews (2010–2017). Although the increase in quality bodes well for the educational technology literature, many recent meta-analyses still show only moderate levels of quality. Identifying and using only best evidence-based research is thus imperative to avoid bias.

Implications for practice or policy:

Educational technology practitioners should make use of meta-analytical findings that systematically synthesise primary research.
Academics, policymakers and practitioners should consider the methodological quality of meta-analyses as they vary in reliability.
Academics, policymakers and practitioners could avoid misleading bias in research evidence by using the MMRQG to evaluate the quality of meta-analyses.

Meta-analyses with lower MMRQG scores should be considered with caution as they seem to overestimate the effect of educational technology on learning.
Siegel domains over Finsler symmetric cones
Authors: Chu Cho-Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet Ω be a proper open cone in a real Banach spaceV. We show that the tube domainV⊕i⁢Ω{V\oplus i\Omega}over Ω is biholomorphic to a bounded symmetric domain if and only if Ω is a normal linearly homogeneous Finsler symmetric cone, which is equivalent to the condition thatVis a unital JB-algebra in an equivalent norm and Ω is the interior of{v2:v∈V}{\{v^{2}:v\in V\}}.