bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a GC‐MS‐based 13C‐positional isotopomer approach suitable for investigating metabolic fluxes in plant primary metabolism
Authors: Lima Valéria F. , Erban Alexander , Daubermann André G. , Freire Francisco Bruno S. , Porto Nicole P. , Cândido‐Sobrinho Silvio A. , Medeiros David B. , Schwarzländer Markus , Fernie Alisdair R. , dos Anjos Leticia , Kopka Joachim , Daloso Danilo M. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY13C‐Metabolic flux analysis (13C‐MFA) has greatly contributed to our understanding of plant metabolic regulation. However, the generation of detailed in vivo flux maps remains a major challenge. Flux investigations based on nuclear magnetic resonance have resolved small networks with high accuracy. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches have broader potential, but have hitherto been limited in their power to deduce flux information due to lack of atomic level position information. Herein we established a gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS‐based approach that provides 13C‐positional labelling information in glucose, malate and glutamate (Glu). A map of electron impact (EI)‐mediated MS fragmentation was created and validated by 13C‐positionally labelled references via GC‐EI‐MS and GC‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐MS technologies. The power of the approach was revealed by analysing previous 13C‐MFA data from leaves and guard cells, and 13C‐HCO3 labelling of guard cells harvested in the dark and after the dark‐to‐light transition. We demonstrated that the approach is applicable to established GC‐EI‐MS‐based 13C‐MFA without the need for experimental adjustment, but will benefit in the future from paired analyses by the two GC‐MS platforms. We identified specific glucose carbon atoms that are preferentially labelled by photosynthesis and gluconeogenesis, and provide an approach to investigate the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)‐derived 13C‐incorporation into malate and Glu. Our results suggest that gluconeogenesis and the PEPc‐mediated CO2 assimilation into malate are activated in a light‐independent manner in guard cells. We further highlight that the fluxes from glycolysis and PEPc toward Glu are restricted by the mitochondrial thioredoxin system in illuminated leaves.
Remote limb ischaemic conditioning produces cardioprotection in rats with testicular ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yan Zhibing , Du Lei , Liu Quanhua , Zhou Leng , Hu Zhaoyang 
Published: September 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Can remote limb ischaemic conditioning produce cardioprotection in rats with testicular ischaemia–reperfusion injury?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Testicular ischaemia–reperfusion (TI/R)‐injured rats were predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced atrioventricular block. Remote limb ischaemia preconditioning and postconditioning protected TI/R hearts against ischaemia‐provoked ventricular arrhythmia and ultimately reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac death, with a possible role of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibition and connexin 43 activation.

AbstractRemote ischaemic conditioning can protect hearts against arrhythmia. Testicular ischaemia–reperfusion (TI/R) injury is associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities. We investigated the effect of remote limb ischaemia preconditioning (RIPre) and postconditioning (RIPost) on arrhythmogenesis in TI/R rats, and determined the potential role of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/connexin 43 (Cx43) signalling. Rats were randomized to sham‐operated, control, TI/R, RIPre and RIPost groups. TI/R rats were more predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced atrioventricular block (AVB). RIPre and RIPost reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or AVB, and duration of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during myocardial reperfusion. RIPre and RIPost decreased myocardial I/R‐induced phosphorylation level of JNK, while preserving myocardial Cx43 expression in TI/R rats. Taken together, TI/R rats were predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced AVB. RIPre and RIPost protected TI/R hearts against ischaemia‐provoked ventricular arrhythmia and ultimately reduced the incidence of SCD by suppressing JNK activation and restoring Cx43 expression.
Prediction of Pressure Rise in a Gas Turbine Exhaust Duct Under Flameout Scenarios While Operating on Hydrogen and Natural Gas Blends
Authors: Ugarte Orlando J. , Menon Suresh , Rattigan Wayne , Winstanley Paul , Saxena Priyank , Akiki Michel , Tarver Terry 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing interest in blending hydrogen with natural gas fuels to produce low-carbon electricity. It is important to evaluate the safety of gas turbine packages under these conditions, such as late-light off and flameout scenarios. However, the assessment of the safety risks by performing experiments in full-scale exhaust ducts is a very expensive and, potentially, risky endeavor. Computational simulations using a high fidelity CFD model provide a cost-effective way of assessing the safety risk. In this study, a computational model is implemented to perform three-dimensional, compressible, and unsteady simulations of reacting flows in a gas turbine exhaust duct. Computational results were validated against data obtained at the simulated conditions in a representative geometry. Due to the enormous size of the geometry, special attention was given to the discretization of the computational domain and the combustion model. Results show that CFD model predicts the main features of the pressure rise driven by the combustion process. The peak pressures obtained computationally and experimentally differed by 20%. This difference increased up to 45% by reducing the preheated inflow conditions. The effects of rig geometry and flow conditions on the accuracy of the CFD model are discussed.
Peak Temperature Mitigation of a Multimicrochannel Evaporator Under Transient Heat Loads
Authors: Anderson Caleb , Richey Joshua , Fish Michael , Bandhauer Todd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Microchannel flow boiling has shown great cooling potential with steady-state studies demonstrating the capability to dissipate heat fluxes over 1 kW cm−2. However, most microelectronic devices undergo transient heat loads involving cold startups or pulse-like power operation. Transient heating events in low thermal resistance, low thermal capacity cold plates may exacerbate boiling instabilities and result in device damage or failure due to local dryout conditions. Currently, limited studies are investigating these effects and potential mitigation strategies. In this study, step function, or pulsed, and ramped heat loads are investigated on a multimicrochannel silicon evaporator using R134a under a range of heat fluxes and ramping rates. The transient temperature response of the base heater is recorded using a calibrated infrared (IR) camera, while fluid flow visualization is captured using a video camera microscope. Pulsed heat loads resulted in a large temperature overshoot in the test section until the fluid reached the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), while significant vapor backflow is observed despite the presence of channel inlet restrictions. Steady boiling is eventually reached and vapor backflow is suppressed. The magnitude of the temperature overshoot is observed to be strongly dependent on peak heat flux. In contrast, ramped heat loads resulted in lower peak temperature rises before ONB as well as significantly reduced vapor backflow compared to the pulsed heat loads.
Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes
Authors: Stenqvist Thomas Birkedal , Melin Anna Katarina , Garthe Ina , Slater Gary , Paulsen Gøran , Iraki Juma , Areta Jose , Torstveit Monica Klungland 
Published: September 2021

The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) includes wide-ranging effects on physiological and psychological functioning, performance, and general health. However, RED-S is understudied among male athletes at the highest performance levels. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate surrogate RED-S markers prevalence in Norwegian male Olympic-level athletes. Athletes (n = 44) aged 24.7 ± 3.8 years, body mass 81.3 ± 15.9 kg, body fat 13.7% ± 5.8%, and training volume 76.1 ± 22.9 hr/month were included. Assessed parameters included resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and venous blood variables (testosterone, free triiodothyronine, cortisol, and lipids). Seven athletes (16%) grouped by the presence of low RMR (RMRratio < 0.90) (0.81 ± 0.07 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09, p < .001, effect size 2.6), also showed lower testosterone (12.9 ± 5.3 vs. 19.0 ± 5.3 nmol/L, p = .020) than in normal RMR group. In low RMRratio individuals, prevalence of other RED-S markers (—subclinical—low testosterone, low free triiodothyronine, high cortisol, and elevated low-density lipoprotein) was (N/number of markers): 2/0, 2/1, 2/2, 1/3. Low bone mineral density (z-score < −1) was found in 16% of the athletes, all with normal RMR. Subclinical low testosterone and free triiodothyronine levels were found in nine (25%) and two (5%) athletes, respectively. Subclinical high cortisol was found in 23% of athletes while 34% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Seven of 12 athletes with two or more RED-S markers had normal RMR. In conclusion, this study found that multiple RED-S markers also exist in male Olympic-level athletes. This highlights the importance of regular screening of male elite athletes, to ensure early detection and treatment of RED-S.
For the Love of the Game: An Exploration of the Experiences and Psychosocial Development of Women 70 Years of Age and Older Who Play Volleyball
Authors: Kirby Jessica Brooke , Kluge Mary Ann 
Published: September 2021

There is much to learn about the lived experience of sport participation in later life for older women. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 18 women volleyball players, ages 70 years and older. Four themes emerged from an inductive analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews: (a) seeking and enjoying optimal challenge, (b) demonstrating physical competence through skill mastery, (c) commitment to continue playing while navigating declining competence, and (d) connection with teammates and positive reinforcement. Following the inductive analysis, the themes were analyzed using personal assets frameworks as lenses through which to further understand how these women’s psychosocial development through sport compared with youth and Masters sport.Challenge,competence,connection, andcommitment to continuewere salient personal assets identified for these women. Researchers should continue to explore how positive sport development across the lifespan can be both universal and nuanced for diverse cohorts of athletes.
The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise Interventions on Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults Aged 80 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nicolson Philippa J.A. , Duong Vicky , Williamson Esther , Hopewell Sally , Lamb Sarah E. 
Published: September 2021

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise on physical and psychosocial outcomes in community-dwelling adults aged 80 years or older. Databases were searched from inception to July 8, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened by two reviewers who extracted data and assessed study quality. Sixteen RCTs (1,660 participants) were included. Compared to nonexercise controls there was no evidence of an effect of exercise on performance based (standardized mean differences: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: [−0.19, 1.36]; I2: 89%; six RCTs; 290 participants; very low-quality evidence) or self-reported physical function (standardized mean differences: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: [−0.78, 3.48]; I2: 96%; three RCTs; 280 participants; very low-quality evidence) at short-medium term follow-up. Four RCTs reporting psychosocial outcomes could not be combined in meta-analysis and reported varying results. Exercise appeared to reduce the risk of mortality during follow-up (risk ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: [0.32, 0.70]; I2: 0.0%; six RCTs; 1,222 participants; low-quality evidence).
Big-data and artificial-intelligence-assisted vault prediction and EVO-ICL size selection for myopia correction
Authors: Shen Yang , Wang Lin , Jian Weijun , Shang Jianmin , Wang Xin , Ju Lie , Li Meiyan , Zhao Jing , Chen Xun , Ge Zongyuan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: September 2021

AimsTo predict the vault and the EVO-implantable collamer lens (ICL) size by artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics.MethodsSix thousand two hundred and ninety-seven eyes implanted with an ICL from 3536 patients were included. The vault values were measured by the anterior segment analyzer (Pentacam HR). Permutation importance and Impurity-based feature importance are used to investigate the importance between the vault and input parameters. Regression models and classification models are applied to predict the vault. The ICL size is set as the target of the prediction, and the vault and the other input features are set as the new inputs for the ICL size prediction. Data were collected from 2015 to 2020. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and XGBoost were demonstrated satisfying accuracy and mean area under the curve (AUC) scores in vault predicting and ICL sizing.ResultsIn the prediction of the vault, the Random Forest has the best results in the regression model (R2=0.315), then follows the Gradient Boosting (R2=0.291) and XGBoost (R2=0.285). The maximum classification accuracy is 0.828 in Random Forest, and the mean AUC is 0.765. The Random Forest predicts the ICL size with an accuracy of 82.2% and the Gradient Boosting and XGBoost, which are also compatible with 81.5% and 81.8% accuracy, respectively.ConclusionsRandom Forest, Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models are applicable for vault predicting and ICL sizing. AI may assist ophthalmologists in improving ICL surgery safety, designing surgical strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes.
Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease
Authors: Walmsley Rosemary , Chan Shing , Smith-Byrne Karl , Ramakrishnan Rema , Woodward Mark , Rahimi Kazem , Dwyer Terence , Bennett Derrick , Doherty Aiden 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo improve classification of movement behaviours in free-living accelerometer data using machine-learning methods, and to investigate the association between machine-learned movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults.MethodsUsing free-living data from 152 participants, we developed a machine-learning model to classify movement behaviours (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity behaviours (MVPA), light physical activity behaviours, sedentary behaviour, sleep) in wrist-worn accelerometer data. Participants in UK Biobank, a prospective cohort, were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days, and we applied our machine-learning model to classify their movement behaviours. Using compositional data analysis Cox regression, we investigated how reallocating time between movement behaviours was associated with CVD incidence.ResultsIn leave-one-participant-out analysis, our machine-learning method classified free-living movement behaviours with mean accuracy 88% (95% CI 87% to 89%) and Cohen’s kappa 0.80 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.82). Among 87 498 UK Biobank participants, there were 4105 incident CVD events. Reallocating time from any behaviour to MVPA, or reallocating time from sedentary behaviour to any behaviour, was associated with lower CVD risk. For an average individual, reallocating 20 min/day to MVPA from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 9% (95% CI 7% to 10%) lower risk, while reallocating 1 hour/day to sedentary behaviour from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 5% (95% CI 3% to 7%) higher risk.ConclusionMachine-learning methods classified movement behaviours accurately in free-living accelerometer data. Reallocating time from other behaviours to MVPA, and from sedentary behaviour to other behaviours, was associated with lower risk of incident CVD, and should be promoted by interventions and guidelines.
Cohort profile: the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study (OLAWIS)
Authors: Mustard Cameron , Nadalin Victoria , Carnide Nancy , Tompa Emile , Smith Peter 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe substantial economic burden of work-related injury and illness, borne by workers, employers and social security programmes, is primarily attributed to the durations of work disability among workers whose recovery requires a period of absence from work, with the majority of costs arising from the minority of workers with the longest duration absences. The objective of the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study is to describe the long-term health and labour market outcomes of workers disabled by work injury or illness after they are no longer receiving benefits or services from the work disability insurance authority.ParticipantsWorkers disabled by a work-related injury or illness were recruited from a sample frame of disability benefit claimants with oversampling of claimants with longer benefit durations. Characteristics of workers, their employers and claimant benefits were obtained from baseline administrative data. Interviews completed at 18 months post injury (T1) and to be completed at 36 months (T2) measure return-to-work and work status; income; physical and mental health; case manager and healthcare provider interactions and employer accommodations supporting return-to-work and sociodemographic characteristics. Of eligible claimants, 40% (1132) participated in the T1 interview, with 96% consenting to participate in the T2 interview.Findings to datePreliminary descriptive analyses of T1 data have been completed. The median age was 50 years and 56% were male. At 18 months following injury, 61% were employed by their at-injury employer, 16% had changed employment and 23% were not working. Past-year prescription opioid use was prevalent (34%), as was past-year cannabis use (31%). Longer duration claimants had poorer function, recovery and health and more adverse labour market outcomes.Future plansMultivariate analyses to identify modifiable predictors of adverse health and labour market outcomes and a follow-up survey of 96% of participants consenting to follow-up at 36 months are planned.
Performance of popular pulse oximeters compared with simultaneous arterial oxygen saturation or clinical-grade pulse oximetry: a cross-sectional validation study in intensive care patients
Authors: Harskamp Ralf E , Bekker Luuk , Himmelreich Jelle C L , De Clercq Lukas , Karregat Evert P M , Sleeswijk Mengalvio E , Lucassen Wim A M 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of direct-to-consumer pulse oximeters under clinical conditions, with arterial blood gas measurement (SaO2) as reference standard.DesignCross-sectional, validation study.SettingIntensive care.ParticipantsAdult patients requiring SaO2-monitoring.InterventionsThe studied oximeters are top-selling in Europe/USA (AFAC FS10D, AGPTEK FS10C, ANAPULSE ANP 100, Cocobear, Contec CMS50D1, HYLOGY MD-H37, Mommed YM101, PRCMISEMED F4PRO, PULOX PO-200 and Zacurate Pro Series 500 DL). Directly after collection of a SaO2blood sample, we obtained pulse oximeter readings (SpO2). SpO2-readings were performed in rotating order, blinded for SaO2and completed <10 min after blood sample collection.Outcome measuresBias (SpO2–SaO2) mean, root mean square difference (ARMS), mean absolute error (MAE) and accuracy in identifying hypoxaemia (SaO2≤90%). As a clinical index test, we included a hospital-grade SpO2-monitor (Philips).ResultsIn 35 consecutive patients, we obtained 2258 SpO2-readings and 234 SaO2-samples. Mean bias ranged from −0.6 to −4.8. None of the pulse oximeters met ARMS≤3%, the requirement set by International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)-standards and required for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 501(k)-clearance. The MAE ranged from 2.3 to 5.1, and five out of ten pulse oximeters met the requirement of ≤3%. For hypoxaemia, negative predictive values were 98%–99%. Positive predictive values ranged from 11% to 30%. Highest accuracy (95% CI) was found for Contec CMS50D1; 91% (86–94) and Zacurate Pro Series 500 DL; 90% (85–94). The hospital-grade SpO2-monitor had an ARMSof 3.0% and MAE of 1.9, and an accuracy of 95% (91%–97%).ConclusionTop-selling, direct-to-consumer pulse oximeters can accurately rule out hypoxaemia, but do not meet ISO-standards required for FDA-clearance
Using computerised adaptive tests to screen for perinatal depression in underserved women of colour
Authors: Wenzel Elizabeth , Penalver Bernabe Beatriz , Dowty Shannon , Nagelli Unnathi , Pezley Lacey , Gibbons Robert , Maki Pauline 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCompared with traditional screening questionnaires, computerised adaptive tests for severity of depression (CAT-DI) and computerised adaptive diagnostic modules for depression (CAD-MDD) show improved precision in screening for major depressive disorder. CAT measures have been tailored to perinatal women but have not been studied in low-income women of colour despite high rates of perinatal depression (PND).ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the concordance between CAT and traditional measures of depression in a sample of primarily low-income black and Latina women.MethodsIn total, 373 women (49% black; 29% Latina) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), CAD-MDD and CAT-DI at 845 visits across pregnancy and postpartum. We examined the concordance between continuous CAT-DI and PHQ-9 scores and between binary measures of PND diagnosis on CAD-MDD and the PHQ-9 (cut-off score >10). We examined cases with a positive PND diagnosis on the CAD-MDD but not on the PHQ-9 (‘missed’ cases) to determine whether clinic notes were consistent with CAD-MDD results.FindingsCAT-DI and PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated (concordance correlation coefficient=0.67; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.74). CAD-MDD detected 5% more case of PND compared with PHQ-9 (p<0.001). The average per-visit rate of PND was 14.4% (14.5% in blacks, 14.9% in Latinas) on the CAD-MDD, and 9.5% (9.8% in blacks, 8.8% in Latinas) on the PHQ-9. Clinical notes were available on 60% of ‘missed’ cases and validated CAD-MDD PND diagnosis in 89% of cases.ConclusionsCAD-MDD detected 5% more cases of PND in women of colour compared with traditional tests, and the majority of these cases were verified by clinician notes.Clinical implicationsUse of CAT in routine clinic care may address health disparities in PND screening.