bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the long‐term efficacy of Barrett's endoscopic therapy—stringent selection criteria and a proposal for definitions
Authors: Desai Madhav , Rösch Thomas , Sundaram Suneha , Chandrasekar Viveksandeep Thoguluva , Kohli Divyanshoo , Spadaccini Marco , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro , Sharma Prateek 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundBarrett's endoscopic therapy (BET) is well established for neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus using a concept of complete eradication of all Barrett's. However, long‐term efficacy is not known.AimsTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine long‐term efficacy of BET for Barrett's neoplasia.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies meeting stringent criteria: (a) subjects with high‐grade dysplasia and/or superficial adenocarcinoma who underwent BET (ablation ± endoscopic mucosal resection); (b) BET completion by confirmation of complete eradication of neoplasia (CE‐N) and intestinal metaplasia (CE‐IM) with systematic sampling and (c) clearly defined follow‐up (endoscopy and biopsy) protocol of ≥2 years thereafter for detection of recurrence. Pooled estimates of CE‐N and CE‐IM after BET completion and follow‐up were analysed.ResultsEight studies met the stringent criteria (n = 794, males 89%, age 64.6 years). Despite high efficacy of BET at therapy completion (CE‐N: 95.9 [91.7‐98.7]%; CE‐IM: 90.9 [83‐96.6]%), this declined (CE‐N: 89 [73.4‐98.2]%; CE‐IM: 77.8 [65.6‐88]%) over 3.4 years of follow‐up. There was considerable heterogeneity. Only two studies reported a post‐BET follow‐up of >5 years (CE‐IM 50 [41.5%‐58.5]%). Higher person years of follow‐up seem to correlate with decrease in BET efficacy.ConclusionUsing stringent criteria for appropriate study selection with sufficient follow‐up, a lack of high‐quality controlled intervention trials becomes evident for assessment of long‐term durable remission rates of BET despite initial high success rates. We plea for a uniform documentation of study details which could be used in future trials.
The dynamic effects of preoperative intravenous iron in anaemic patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Bojesen Rasmus Dahlin , Eriksen Jens Ravn , Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Grube Camilla , Forman Julie Lyng , Gogenür Ismail 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe the dynamic changes in blood work following individual adjusted dosage of intravenously administered iron(III) isomaltoside in a 4‐week period prior to surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis was a single‐centre, observational cohort study with prospectively collected data, including patients with colorectal cancer receiving preoperative treatment with iron(III) isomaltoside. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after initial treatment. Sixty‐two patients were included in the study.ResultsSixty‐two patients were included for final analysis. The mean increase in haemoglobin was 0.77 g/dl (95% CI 0.52–1.03 g/dl, P < 0.0001) at week 1, 1.5 g/dl (95% CI 1.21–1.80 g/dl, P < 0.0001) at week 2 and 2.13 g/dl (95% CI 1.71–2.55 g/dl, P < 0.0001) at week 4. Patients with severe anaemia (<9.02 g/dl) showed the largest increase in haemoglobin during the treatment course (2.92 g/dl, 95% CI 2.27–3.58 g/dl, P < 0.0001). Patients with mild anaemia (>10.31 g/dl) did not show a significant increase (0.66 g/dl, 95% CI −0.29–1.61 g/dl, P = 0.17). The mean of transferrin saturation after 4 weeks was 8% (95% CI 6%–10%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAfter intravenously administered iron, patients with severe anaemia had the most substantial increase in haemoglobin, and the increase was largest after 4 weeks. Patients with mild anaemia did not have an increase in haemoglobin during the treatment course. The vast majority of patients still had iron deficiency at surgery 4 weeks after the initial treatment.
Longitudinal variance of Donor‐Derived Cell‐Free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) in Stable Kidney Transplant (KTx) patients are influenced by donor/recipient variables
Authors: Anand Sanjiv , Lopez‐Verdugo Fidel , Sanchez‐Garcia Jorge , Dong Li , Fife Megan , Krong Jake , Morris Donald , Srinivas Titte R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe longitudinal time‐course of dd‐cfDNA after kidney transplant (KTx) is not well‐described. The cut off values of dd‐cfDNA in KTx derive from biopsy‐coupled single measurements. Meaningful interpretation necessitates understanding of: (1) time variance of dd‐cfDNA levels post‐KTx, (2) factors determining biologic variability, and (3) relationship to donor and recipient characteristics. We hypothesized that an understanding of the aforementioned factors would better inform clinical decision‐making using dd‐cfDNA.MethodsOne hundred and twenty five KTx patients with dd‐cfDNA obtained longitudinally were included. Univariate analyses were directed at inter‐patient variability and intra‐patient inter‐occasion variability of dd‐cfDNA. Multivariate linear regression was used in analyses accounting for repeat measures.ResultsAt 1‐month post KTx median dd‐cfDNA: (1) were higher in repeat KTx (.57%, P < .001), and dual KTx (1.10%, P = ns) versus a first KTx (.31%); (2) showed a significant difference in donor after cardiac death (DCD [.45%]) versus living related (LRD [.27%]) donors (P = .036). Longitudinal (1–3 months) dd‐cfDNA measurements showed a significant downtrend for all donor types. Panel‐reactive antibodies (PRA) were positively correlated with dd‐cfDNA.ConclusionsRepeat Tx, dual Tx, DCD, and PRA are associated with a higher dd‐cfDNA. Incorporation of donor/recipient variables and time down post transplant is material for rational interpretation of dd‐cfDNA.
Differentiating pagetoid Bowen disease from Paget disease on the nipple‐areola complex: Two unique, challenging cases
Authors: Barrutia Leire , Martínez‐García Gerardo , Santamarina‐Albertos Alba , Garabito Solovera Esther Leticia , Volo Víctor , Ruíz‐Sánchez Daniel , Manchado López Pilar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPagetoid Bowen disease is a subtype of Bowen disease that accounts for 5% of Bowen disease. It is extremely rare for Bowen disease to appear on the nipple‐areola complex, with only seven cases described in the previous literature. Of those seven cases, only one was of the pagetoid subtype. We report two cases of pagetoid Bowen disease on this location, one of them being the first case of pagetoid Bowen disease affecting the nipple reported to date. On this location, it is crucial to perform a meticulous differential diagnosis to rule out Paget disease, because of its contrasting therapeutic and prognostic implications. In order to do this, clinical and histopathological aspects must be considered. From a clinical point of view, previous literature has stated that nipple involvement can be a clue that points to Paget disease. However, one of our cases shows that this is not always true. Regarding histopathological analysis, a complete excision of the tumor might be necessary to observe clear features of Bowen disease, such as full‐thickness atypia of the epidermis and intercellular bridges. An immunohistochemical panel comprising carcinoembryonic antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein, epithelial membrane antigen, p63, CK34betaE12, periodic acid‐Schiff, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor can be decisive in complicated cases.
Exploring staff turnover, burnout, and resilience in cytology reference laboratories: A workforce qualitative study
Authors: Chiou Paul Z. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the study were to investigate cytology laboratory staff turnover in the context of workplace stressors and burnout and to explore qualities associated with long career tenure, in order to facilitate the development of future workplace intervention programs.MethodsUsing an interpretive qualitative approach, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using a directed and conventional content analysis. Seven participants who had left large cytology reference laboratories were purposively sampled to interview about their experience of leaving their former laboratories. Conventional content analysis was used to inductively generate themes and deductive content analysis was conducted with categories from the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (ie, stress appraisal and coping style).ResultsThree main themes were discerned from the interviews: concerns about the cytology workplace, reasons for choosing to leave, and strategies for coping with stress. Demand for productivity was the most commonly cited concern among cytotechnologists, followed by work‐life balance, and musculoskeletal strain related to microscopic screening. The top reason given for people choosing to leave the commercial laboratories was the lack of work‐life balance, and the second was the lack of professional challenges and growth opportunities. Participants with longer job tenure who experienced a promotion described coping with job stress as more optimistic and problem focused.ConclusionsOpportunities exist within large commercial laboratories for improving the work environment to reduce workplace burnout and turnover.
Immunological features and factors associated with mucocutaneous bullous pemphigoid – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ständer Sascha , Schmidt Enno , Zillikens Detlef , Ludwig Ralf J. , Kridin Khalaf 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe features of bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients presenting with mucosal lesions are not established. We aimed to elucidate the clinical and immunological features of BP patients with mucosal involvement, and to identify factors associated with mucosal lesions.Patients and methodsA retrospective study encompassing all consecutive patients diagnosed with BP throughout the years 2009–2019 in a tertiary referral center.ResultsThe study encompassed 273 patients with BP, of whom 31 (11.4 %) presented with mucosal lesions. The oral mucosa was the most frequently affected mucosal surface (71.0 %), followed by the genital (25.8 %) and the nasal (22.6 %) mucosae. Relative to other patients with BP, patients with mucosal involvement had a more prominent palmoplantar involvement (67.7 % vs. 37.2 %;P = 0.001); lower seropositivity rate (18.2 % vs. 54.2 %;P = 0.027) and lower levels (29.3 ± 64.5 vs. 129.5 ± 304.4 U/ml;P = 0.016) of anti‐BP230 autoantibodies; and decreased peripheral eosinophil counts (760.0 ± 638.6 vs. 1296.3 ± 1013.7;P < 0.001). Absence of anti‐BP230 autoantibodies (OR, 5.32; 95 % CI, 1.07–26.32;P = 0.026) and lack of peripheral eosinophilia (OR, 4.31; 95 % CI, 1.14–16.39;P = 0.021) were associated with the presence of mucosal involvement in BP.ConclusionsMucosal involvement is present in a notable subgroup of patients with BP and is associated with the absence of both anti‐BP230 antibodies and peripheral eosinophilia.
Prognosis of primary teeth following intrusive luxation according to the degree of intrusion: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: e Silva Heloisa Grehs , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimThe degree of intrusion is an important aspect to be evaluated when treating children following intrusive luxation. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate re‐eruption rates and the occurrence of sequelae in intruded primary teeth according to the degree of intrusion.Material and methodsA total of 238 teeth from 168 patients diagnosed with and treated for intrusion over a 16‐year period at a specialized trauma center in South Brazil were included in this study. Patient details, including demographic characteristics, tooth affected, presence of sequelae of trauma during the follow up (pulp necrosis and infection, crown discoloration and abnormal mobility), and any effects on the permanent successors, were collected from their records. Photographs were analyzed to determine the degree of intrusion (Grade I, II, or III) and spontaneous re‐eruption during follow up. Re‐eruption and occurrence of sequelae according to the degree of intrusion were evaluated using the chi‐squared test. The level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsMost teeth were maxillary central incisors (87.8%) with Grade I intrusion (32.8%). In the first 30 days, 13.1% had signs of re‐eruption. After 3–6 months, the frequency of re‐eruption increased to 58.7%. Of the teeth evaluated 6 months or more after intrusion, 68% had re‐erupted. Total intrusion (Grade III) was associated with pulp necrosis and infection (p = .002), but the degree of intrusion was not associated with the presence of crown discoloration or abnormal mobility. Of the 78 permanent successors evaluated, 52.6% had developmental disturbances.ConclusionMost intruded primary teeth re‐erupted spontaneously, and the degree of intrusion was associated with a worse prognosis.
The private mint in economics: evidence from the American gold rushes†
Authors: White Lawrence H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProminent economists have supposed that the private production of full‐bodied gold or silver coins is inefficient: due to information asymmetry, private coins will be chronically low‐quality or underweight. An examination of private mints during gold rushes in the US in the years 1830–63, drawing on contemporary accounts and numismatic literature, finds otherwise. While some private gold mints produced underweight coins, from incompetence or fraudulent intent, such mints did not last long. Informed by newspapers about the findings of assays, money‐users systematically abandoned substandard coins in favour of full‐weight coins. Only competent and honest mints survived.
Was Krashen right? Forty years later
Authors: Lichtman Karen , VanPatten Bill 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the late 1970s and early 1980s, Stephen Krashen developed Monitor Theory—a group of hypotheses explaining second language acquisition with implications for language teaching. As the L2 scholarly community began considering what requirements theories should meet, Monitor Theory was widely criticized and dismissed, along with its teaching implications. What happened to these ideas? We argue that many of them have evolved and are still driving SLA research today—often unacknowledged and under new terminology. In this essay, we focus on three of Krashen's five fundamental hypotheses: The Acquisition‐Learning Distinction, The Natural Order Hypothesis, and The Input Hypothesis. We argue that these ideas persist today as the following constructs: implicit versus explicit learning, ordered development, and a central role for communicatively embedded input in all theories of second language acquisition. We conclude with implications for language teaching, including a focus on comprehensible input and communication in the classroom.
Association between social frailty as well as early physical dysfunction and exercise intolerance among older patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Usui Naoto , Yokoyama Minori , Nakata Junichiro , Suzuki Yusuke , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Kojima Sho , Inatsu Akihito , Hisadome Hideki , Uehata Akimi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRecently, social frailty has been increasingly recognized as a factor associated with adverse health outcomes, including physical disability and mortality. However, there are no studies about the importance of this factor among hemodialysis patients. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between social frailty and early physical dysfunction in this group of patients.MethodsThis was a two‐center cross‐sectional study. Older patients receiving hemodialysis were prospectively enrolled. Moreover, participants were evaluated for social frailty based on the definition of previous study and for physical function, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) slope and heart rate reserve. Then, they were divided into two groups based on the presence of physical frailty.ResultsData collected from 158 individuals were statistically analyzed. The prevalence rate of social frailty was 59.5%. In the non‐physical frailty group, social frailty was found to be independently associated with reduced gait speed (P = 0.007), leg strength (P = 0.040) and peak VO2 (P = 0.023), but not with hand grip strength (P = 0.36). In the physical frailty group, there was no association between social frailty and physical function. Moreover, in patients without physical and social frailty, physical function was maintained at above accepted threshold levels, whereas peak VO2 (14.1 ± 3.3 mL/kg/min), VE/VCO2 slope (32.3 ± 5.5) and heart rate reserve (50.8% ± 21.7%) were substantially impaired.ConclusionsPatients receiving hemodialysis can present with social frailty and exercise intolerance with cardiac dysfunction in the early phase, which may contribute to subsequent dysfunction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 664–669.
A bird’s eye view of fibroblast heterogeneity: A pan‐disease, pan‐cancer perspective
Authors: Pradhan Rachana N. , Krishnamurty Akshay T. , Fletcher Anne L. , Turley Shannon J. , Müller Sören 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibroblasts, custodians of tissue architecture and function, are no longer considered a monolithic entity across tissues and disease indications. Recent advances in single‐cell technologies provide an unrestricted, high‐resolution view of fibroblast heterogeneity that exists within and across tissues. In this review, we summarize a compendium of single‐cell transcriptomic studies and provide a comprehensive accounting of fibroblast subsets, many of which have been described to occupy specific niches in tissues at homeostatic and pathologic states. Understanding this heterogeneity is particularly important in the context of cancer, as the diverse cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are directly impacted by the expression phenotypes of their predecessors. Relationships between these heterogeneous populations often accompany and influence response to therapy in cancer and fibrosis. We further highlight the importance of integrating single‐cell studies to deduce common fibroblast phenotypes across disease states, which will facilitate the identification of common signaling pathways, gene regulatory programs, and cell surface markers that are going to advance drug discovery and targeting.
A Two‐level GREG Estimator for Consistent Estimation in Household Surveys
Authors: Konrad Anne , Burgard Jan Pablo , Münnich Ralf 
Published: June 2021

SummaryHousehold surveys provide information on both person‐level and household‐level characteristics. To ensure consistent estimates between both levels, statistical offices often use integrated weights that are equal for all persons within a household and the household itself. However, these integrated weights ignore the individual patterns of the persons, and the heterogeneity within a household is no longer reflected. As an alternative to integrated weighting, we propose a two‐level generalised regression estimator that is capable of both ensuring consistent person and household estimates and allowing for different weights for persons within a household. A Monte Carlo simulation supports the superiority of our two‐level generalised regression estimator compared with integrated weighting.
Metabolic heterogeneous zone assessed by 18FDG‐PET is predictive of postablation mortality in patients with ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Miller Brian , Vunnam Rama , Mesubi Olurotimi , Smith Mark F. , Chen Wengen , Mahat Jagat Bandhu , Bentzen Soren M. , See Vincent , Restrepo Alejandro , Shorofsky Stephen , Dilsizian Vasken , Dickfeld Timm‐Michael L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeWe sought to study the predictive value of the metabolic heterogeneous zone (HZ) as determined by 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) viability studies in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients.MethodsPET studies utilizing 82Rubidium (82Rb) tracer for perfusion and 18FDG tracer for viability were analyzed using PMOD (PMOD Technologies) and further analyzed using 684‐segment plots. 18FDG uptake was normalized to the area with maximal perfusion on the rest 82Rb study. Metabolic scar, HZ, and healthy segments were defined with perfusion‐normalized 18FDG uptake between 0%–50%, 50%–70%, and >70%, respectively.ResultsThirty‐four VT patients (age, 63 ± 12 years) were evaluated with 18FDG‐PET viability study. Most (n = 31) patients underwent VT ablation. Patients were categorized to HZ < median versus HZ ≥ median based on a median HZ area size of 21.0 cm2. HZ size was significantly larger in the deceased group than the alive group (35.2 cm2 vs. 18.1 cm2, p = .01). Deaths were significantly higher in HZ ≥ 21 cm2 group than HZ < 21 cm2 group (58.8% vs. 11.8%, p = .005). Survival analysis showed significantly higher mortality in the HZ ≥ 21 cm2 group than the HZ < 21 cm2 group (HR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3–12.6, p = .016). In a multivariable analysis, HZ was found to be an independent predictor for all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12, p = .01)ConclusionsIncreased HZ size of myocardium was associated with increased mortality. Metabolic HZ quantification may be of value in risk stratification and management of ischemic and nonischemic patients with VT.
Sperm competition risk affects ejaculate strategy in terms of sperm number but not sperm size in squid
Authors: Iwata Yoko , Sato Noriyosi , Hirohashi Noritaka , Watanabe Yoshiro , Sauer Warwick H. H. , Shaw Paul W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn polygamous species, the mode of sperm storage in females influences evolution of sperm quantitative and qualitative traits because it provides the arena for sperm competition, cryptic female choice and fertilization processes. In this study, we compared ejaculate traits of two squid species, Heterololigo bleekeri and Loligo reynaudii. Both species show dimorphic sperm traits associated with alternative reproductive tactics where consort and sneaker males transfer sperm to different storage sites within a female (on the oviduct and near the mouth, respectively). Due to differences in reproductive behaviours and sperm placement, sperm competition risk is expected to be higher in sneakers than in consorts of both species and higher overall in L. reynaudii. Our results demonstrate that the instantaneous number of released sperm is adjusted to the expected sperm competition risk via an elaborate sperm package. Consort sperm are similar in size; however, sneaker sperm have a significantly longer flagellum in H. bleekeri than in L. reynaudii, most likely due to intra‐tactic conflicts associated with sperm storage conditions. From consideration of the different mating tactics, we suggest that while levels of sperm competition determine quantitative traits, sperm quality traits are determined more by the mode of sperm storage and fertilization.