bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining marijuana use, sexual risk, and HIV testing outcomes among young people with intersecting marginalized social identities in juvenile drug courts
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Mauro Pia M. , Sheidow Ashli J. , McCart Michael R. , Zajac Kristyn , Letourneau Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe explored clinical outcomes among adolescents in juvenile drug court (JDC) by ethnoracial or gender identity, economic security, and mental health problems. Self‐report and drug testing data were obtained through a randomized control trial (RCT) with 101 adolescents in JDC at four time points (i.e., baseline, 3‐month immediate post, 6‐month follow‐up, and 12‐month follow‐up). Participants who identified as an adolescent girl and who were identified as having a mental health disorder demonstrated significant increases in talking about HIV 12 months after completing the intervention. Sexual risk behaviors increased for girls, Black, and Latine youth and decreased among adolescents with mental health problems. Marijuana use did not differ over time by identity. Programing that targets risk behaviors, including substance use and seemingly unrelated risk behaviors like risky sexual behavior, is warranted in addition to mental health services to improve health outcomes of adolescents with a history of juvenile legal system involvement.
Focused Electric Field Technology: A Novel Myoelectrical Stimulation Technology for Noninvasive Aging Muscle Rejuvenation
Authors: Jiang Boyang , Chen Bingbing , Xu Jia , Luo Jieshu , Yao Min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMyoelectrical stimulation improves muscle function and reduces muscle atrophy and aging. However, research on the mechanism underlying its cosmetic effect remains limited.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic effects of the myoelectrical stimulation provided by the wearable intelligent flexible beauty device and its focused electric field technology (FEFT) on facial skin and muscle rejuvenation.Patients/MethodsWe conducted a single‐blind, randomized, self‐controlled clinical efficacy experiment on 31 female volunteers using the device. Using an FEFT‐based platform, mice with d‐galactose‐induced skeletal muscle aging were subjected to surface myoelectrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius. Immunohistochemical analysis of skeletal muscles and protein immunoblotting were used to analyze the effects of FEFT.ResultsAfter 14 days of use, facial skin elasticity significantly increased, wrinkle firmness significantly decreased, and the lift height of the upper eyelid and eye corner angle significantly increased in the volunteers. Clinical evaluation showed improvements in the drooping of the upper eyelid and eye bags. Self‐evaluation questionnaires indicated alleviation of facial wrinkles. These improvements were more pronounced after 28 days. In mice, FEFT alleviated aging‐induced muscle fiber atrophy, muscle fiber cross‐sectional area reduction, and muscle satellite cell loss. FEFT also increased the expression of myogenic factors, including myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1).ConclusionsFEFT exerted a skin‐tightening effect by initiating myogenic processes and increasing the transformation of muscle satellite cells. Our research promotes the development of FEFT‐based medical rehabilitation or cosmetic anti‐aging products and provides a foundation for further application and comprehensive efficacy evaluation in human clinical settings.
MASLD Is Associated With an Increased Long‐Term Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Morandin Riccardo , Sani Elena , Fiorio Veronica , Shtembari Emigela , Bonapace Stefano , Petta Salvatore , Polyzos Stergios A. , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies have reported an association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk varies with the severity of MASLD remains uncertain.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched three large electronic databases using predefined keywords to identify cohort studies (published up to 30 September 2024) in which MASLD was diagnosed by liver biopsy, imaging methods, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, or blood‐based scores. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AF based on ICD codes, medical records, or electrocardiograms. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modelling.ResultsWe identified 16 retrospective cohort studies with aggregate data on ~19.5 million individuals followed for a median of 7.2 years. MASLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing incident AF (random‐effects hazard ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.32; I2 = 92%). This risk did not appear to further increase with the severity of liver fibrosis (n = 3 studies; random‐effects hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.18–1.26; I2 = 10%). The risk of AF remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors. Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. The funnel plot and Egger's test showed no significant publication bias.ConclusionsThis updated and comprehensive meta‐analysis provides evidence that MASLD is significantly associated with an increased long‐term risk of developing incident AF. Further research is required to better decipher the link between MASLD and increased AF incidence.
Chlorophyll and topographic patterns demonstrate stress conditions drive the brightness of autumn leaf colour
Authors: Koide D. , Kobayashi M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Autumn leaf colour brightness is an important cultural ecosystem service. As its spatial patterns and ecophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, we analysed relationships among autumn leaf colour brightness, late summer chlorophyll content, and topographic position in both canopy‐based micro‐scale analysis and site‐based macro‐scale analysis.

Multispectral drone observations were made in three Fagus crenata forests at elevations of 300, 600, and 900 m in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. In a drone‐acquired digital surface model of canopy area distribution, we analysed the canopy‐averaged autumn leaf colour brightness, four vegetation indices, topographic position index, and elevation.

The macro‐scale pattern showed brighter yellow leaves at lower elevations, suggesting the effect of temperature through productivity or evaporative stress. The micro‐scale pattern showed brighter yellow leaves in canopies that had a low late summer chlorophyll content, or that grew on ridges. The negative correlation between autumn leaf colour and chlorophyll content suggests that low‐chlorophyll trees experience stresses (e.g. irradiance, desiccation, senescence) that induce higher carotenoid content to defend against such stresses. Increased autumn leaf coloration on ridges is consistent with a stress gradient.

Although further research is needed to reveal the underlying physiological and ecological mechanisms, autumn leaf colour brightness has different meanings at different scales and thus has potential not only as a cultural ecosystem service but also in forest management through early detection of stress.
Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition and climate change on a globally rare forest geophyte
Authors: Ohse B. , Jansen D. , Härdtle W. , Fichtner A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) deposition and climate change are both known to threaten global biodiversity. However, we still have a limited understanding of how interactions between these global change drivers affect individuals and populations of specialist species, such as geophytes, within their natural habitat.

We explored possible interactive effects of N, drought, and warming on population vitality (mean leaf length, leaf density, flowering probability) and morpho‐physiological traits (e.g., leaf and bulb size, N allocation to leaves and bulbs) of the globally rare forest geophyte Gagea spathacea (Liliaceae) in deciduous forests of northern Germany by applying experimental N addition across a climate gradient over a 5‐year period.

Mean leaf growth and leaf density were not affected by N addition but were enhanced by warmer and drier conditions in the months before leaf emergence. N addition increased N allocation of individual plants towards their subterranean bulbs. Importantly, effects of N addition on morpho‐physiological traits depended on warming and drought, with N‐fertilized plants showing increased leaf length and decreased specific leaf and bulb N concentration after drier autumns and warmer winters. This indicates that N deposition may partially compensate for increased N demands during warming‐induced growth, although this growth‐promoting interaction effect is not (yet) reflected in population vitality.

Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple global environmental change drivers and a whole plant perspective (above‐ and belowground traits) to predict long‐term growth responses of (endangered) forest spring geophytes and to develop adapted long‐term protection strategies.
Kabuki syndrome: a comprehensive clinical portrait and genetic insight
Authors: Maldonado-Muñoz Mario Alberto , Gavino-Vergara Alejandro , Rebolledo-Solleiro Daniela 
Published: December 2024

This report details the case of a preadolescent female patient diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, growth delay and cognitive impairment. The patient’s medical history includes perinatal complications, alongside challenges in developmental milestones, feeding and psychomotor skills since infancy, prompting further investigation. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis, revealing a full deletion ofKDM6A.The patient underwent a multidisciplinary approach, addressing various aspects of her condition, which resulted in significant improvements in several areas. However, despite progress, challenges persist in daily tasks and the acquisition of advanced motor skills. This underscores the necessity of integrated management strategies, emphasizing the diagnostic importance of genetic testing that contributes to a deeper understanding of the clinical spectrum and guides targeted therapeutic interventions. Continued research is crucial to further unravel the complexities of this rare genetic disorder and enhance patient care.
Analysis of biofluid metabolomic profiles to the discovery of biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wu Jiali , Zhang Min , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in the elderly. As AMD is a multifactorial disease, it is critical to explore useful biomarkers and pathological pathways underlying it. The purpose of this study is to summarise current metabolic profiles and further identify potential metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AMD, which could facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods and analysisRelevant metabolomics studies published before 10 December 2021 were generally reviewed from online resources by two investigators. Studies with sufficient information and data were included in this systematic review and repeatedly identified metabolites were extracted. Pathway and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. The public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used for coanalysis with differential metabolites to construct a pathway network via MetaboAnalyst V.5.0.Results16 studies were included in our analysis. 24 metabolites were repeatedly detected and regarded as potential biomarkers for AMD. Pathway analysis implied a major role of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathways in AMD pathology. 11 KEGG pathways were enriched, meanwhile, 11 metabolic pathway clusters were identified by coanalysing the differential metabolites and gene profiles using the GEO database.ConclusionIn this study, we summarised 16 metabolomic studies on AMD, and 24 metabolites were identified as potential biofluid biomarkers. This provided novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AMD. Further studies are warranted to validate and expand an effective pattern for AMD diagnosis and treatment.
Is the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion in the USA associated with reductions in intimate partner violence victimisation?
Authors: Bevilacqua Kristin G , Assini-Meytin Luciana C , Nair Reshmi , Decker Michele R , McGinty Emma E , Stuart Elizabeth A , Letourneau Elizabeth J 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveIntimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 47% of women living in the USA in their lifetime and is associated with increased risk of physical and mental health concerns. Current prevention efforts focus on individual and family-level interventions rather than macrosystem-level policies. Thus, we sought to test the effects of Medicaid expansion on the rates of IPV and violence more broadly.MethodsPresent analyses use retrospective longitudinal data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). State level rates of total violence and IPV were measured per 1000 population from the NCVS for years 2008–2018 as 3-year averages for each state. A two-way fixed-effects difference-in-differences model was fit to evaluate differences in the change in violence outcomes pre-2014/post-2014 in Medicaid expansion states versus non-expansion states.ResultsComparison states had a significantly higher proportion of residents who were black, living below the federal poverty level and with lower educational attainment. Before Medicaid expansion, comparison states had a significantly lower mean rate of total violence and IPV per 1000 population. In two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences models, there was no statistically significant association between Medicaid expansion and IPV or total violence.DiscussionDespite null findings, our study adds to the evidence base evaluating the impacts of macro-level policies on different forms of violence. The pathways by which Medicaid expansion could contribute to violence reduction are multifaceted with numerous mediators and those pathways may not be sufficiently strong to generate impacts. Additional work is warranted to further probe Medicaid expansion’s impact on violence prevention.
Give us a hand, mate! A holistic review of research on human-machine teaming
Authors: Patel Jitu , Boardman M , Files B , Gregory F , Lamb S , Sarkadi S , Tešić M , Yeung N 
Published: December 2024

Defence has a significant interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies to address some of the challenges it faces. At the core of future military advantage will be the effective integration of humans and AI into human-machine teams (HMT) that leverages the capabilities of people and technologies to outperform adversaries. Realising the full potential of these technologies will depend on understanding the relative strengths of humans and machines, and how we design effective integration to optimise performance and resilience across all use cases and environments.Since the first robot appeared on the assembly line, machines have effectively augmented human capability and performance; however, they fall short of being a team member—someone you can ask to give you a hand! Working in teams involves collaboration, adaptive and dynamic interactions between team members to achieve a common goal. Currently, human-machine partnership is typically one of humans and machines working alongside each other, with each conducting discrete functions within predicable process and environments. However, with recent advances in neuroscience and AI, we can now envisage the possibility of HMT, not just in physical applications, but also complex cognitive tasks.This paper provides a holistic review of the research conducted in the field of HMT from experts working in this area. It summarises completed and ongoing studies and research in the UK and USA by a broad group of researchers. This work was presented in the HMT thematic session at the Sixth International Congress on Soldiers’ Physical Performance (ICSPP23 London).
Faculty Workload and Well-being at President Ramon Magsaysay State University: Impacts of Allied Tasks on Stress and Health
Authors: Vizcarra Myra Liza O. , Aragon Almay Elena A. , Tiangco Peter-Vir V. , Basarte Charie A. 
Published: December 2024

Faculty members in higher education institutions are increasingly burdened by a growing workload, particularly non-teaching assignments or allied tasks. The time spent on workloads were observed to have increased in the past years. Hence, the researchers decided to undertake this study entitled,”Faculty Workload and Well-being at President Ramon Magsaysay State University: Impacts of Allied Tasks on Stress and Health,” during the academic year 2021-2022. A quantitative descriptive design was employed to evaluate the variables of the study. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was administered to forty-three faculty members using population sampling. Data were collected through online platform due to limited face to face interactions. A letter of consent was emailed to the three(3) Campus Directors of north campuses prior the online survey. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, weighted means, and Pearson Correlation was used in the treatment of data. The findings revealed that on average, faculty members spent approximately 29.54 hours on teaching tasks and 34.73 hours on allied tasks per week. This study revealed significant differences in the time spent on allied tasks across various demographic groups, such as age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, and length of service. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between the time spent on teaching and allied tasks and the extent of experienced stress, but not on personal life, mental health, or physical health. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the university administration implement strategies such as offering mental health support services and creating a more supportive work environment. Reallocating administrative responsibilities or hiring support staff is highly encouraged. Providing health breaks may also be implemented which could help address stress.
Thromboembolic Events in the Hemodialysis Setting: Understanding Risk Profiles and Cumulative Incidences to Inform Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Karaboyas Angelo , Zhao Junhui , Tanko Laszlo B. , Joergensen Kristian Tore , Pap Akos F. , Dasgupta Indranil , Nangaku Masaomi , Jadoul Michel , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto 
Published: December 2024

Background
People with kidney failure have a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity/death, including thromboembolic events. Factor XIa inhibitors are a new class of anticoagulants in development that may offer antithrombotic benefits with a lower risk of incremental bleeding events than traditional therapies. We investigated major adverse vascular events (MAVEs), a relevant composite outcome for testing novel antithrombotic agents, in a large cohort of patients on hemodialysis, to better understand the key requirements to adequately design a phase 3 trial.

Methods and Results
We included 25 211 patients on hemodialysis for >90 days in phases 4 to 7 (2009–2021) of the DOPPS (Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was defined as history/presence of coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular disease. We estimated MAVE rates and cumulative incidence, overall and by ASCVD. Over half (52%) of the cohort met the ASCVD criteria. The MAVE hospitalization/death composite rate (per 100 patient‐years) was 6.0 in the overall cohort and 8.7 in the ASCVD subset. Three‐year cumulative incidence of MAVE was 13% in the overall cohort and 18% in the ASCVD subset. The estimated sample size to be randomized in a hypothetical trial in the ASCVD population was ≈7000 patients.

Conclusions
Even in the enriched ASCVD group, the observed MAVE incidence combined with a high competing risk, regulatory requirements (α=0.01), and limited recruitment pool makes feasibility of a potential randomized trial targeting MAVE reduction challenging. These results highlight key considerations and challenges for developers of novel therapies targeting systemic thromboembolic events in patients on hemodialysis.
Cardiovascular Health Status in US Adults With Chronic Diseases: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018
Authors: Guo James W. , Ning Hongyan , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cardiovascular health (CVH) assessment may have important benefits for adults with chronic diseases to prevent incident cardiovascular disease and additional chronic conditions. Few studies have compared CVH in adults with chronic diseases and healthy adults without chronic disease using the American Heart Association's (AHA's) Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics.

Methods and Results

We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2013 to 2018 to identify the presence of 16 chronic diseases by participant self‐report of diagnosis. We included adults aged 20 to 79 years. CVH was defined by AHA's LE8 metrics. Overall mean LE8 (range 0–100, higher = better CVH) and individual LE8 metric scores were calculated according to disease status for all participants and stratified by self‐identified sex, race, and ethnicity. There were 12 296 adults (51% women; mean age, 46 years) representing >186 million noninstitutionalized US adults. Significantly, and often substantially, lower CVH scores were noted for adults with chronic disease (14 of 16 diseases studied) versus unaffected adults, including all subtypes of cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, chronic kidney disease, liver conditions, cancer, arthritis, cognitive decline, and depression. For example, mean overall LE8 score was 14.0 points lower in those with versus without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (51.0 versus 65.0,
P
<0.0001). Men and Black adults consistently had lower LE8 scores.

Conclusions
CVH is significantly poorer in adults with many chronic diseases compared with unaffected adults. These data suggest the utility of the LE8 score to identify groups for targeted optimization of CVH to enhance primary and secondary prevention efforts for cardiovascular disease and potentially for concomitant chronic diseases of aging.