bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐time N fertilization reduces greenhouse emissions and N leaching while maintaining high yields in a rape–rice rotation system
Authors: Ding Wuhan , Lei Haojie , Zhang Jing , Wang Ligang , Zhang Jianfeng , Ju Xuehai , Li Hu , Zhang Guilong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn China, the rice (Oryza sativa L.)–rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) rotation system is facing great challenges, including constantly growing demand, on‐going labor shortages, and increasing environmental burdens. Thus, producing more food and higher benefits while minimizing environmental costs is required for future development. A 2‐yr field experiment comparing three nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments (non‐N treatment as control [CK], conventional urea application [CU], one‐time application of controlled‐release urea [CRU]) was performed. Results showed that the rice season dominated annual CH4 emissions (>95%) and on average contributed more than 50% of the annual N2O emissions. Additionally, the main forms of mineral N leaching were different for rape and rice. Nitrate (NO3–)–N was the major component of leaching in rape season, while for rice season NO3––N and NH4+–N were equal. Relative to CU, CRU significantly increased the rapeseed yield by 10.7∼13.9% and maintained the rice productivity, reduced mineral N leaching losses by 19.6∼20.8% for the rice season, and resulted in less total methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (TGHGs) by 12.1% across the two rotations. Furthermore, a net economic benefit (NEB) considering yields, fertilizer input, labor, and other input costs indicated CRU increased the economic return by 58.3%. However, CRU did not improve partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN) and decreased the NEB by 3.1% without considering the labor cost. It indicated a one‐time application of the CRU for rice–rapeseed rotation system was an environmentally and economically profitable technology. This paper provided a promising solution for farmers to enhance rice–rapeseed productivity and increase income while minimizing the environmental footprint.
The impact of DNA testing on management of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Howe James R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the genetic basis of colorectal cancer has evolved over the past decades, allowing for the pre‐symptomatic identification of affected patients in those with familial syndromes and to the understanding of the multi‐step progression to carcinogenesis in tumors. Knowledge of the genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer has allowed for targeted therapies in patients in addition to standard chemotherapy for those with metastases. Next‐generation sequencing technologies have now also allowed for the sensitive detection of circulating mutations derived from tumors, which can give insight into the presence of residual disease and has implications for changing the standard paradigms for treatment. This article will specifically review advances in targeted therapy in metastatic colon cancer and the progress being made in using circulating tumor DNA in patient management.
Wood density relates negatively to maximum plant height across major angiosperm and gymnosperm orders
Authors: Fajardo Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPremiseWood density is a crucial plant functional trait related to plant life history strategies. Its ecological importance in small‐stature growth forms (e.g., shrubs) has not been extensively examined. Given that hydraulic conduit dimensions vary positively with plant height and that there is a negative relationship between conduits' diameter and wood density, I hypothesized an also negative relationship between wood density and plant height. Knowing that bark and pith proportions are significant in small‐diameter stems, I additionally disentangled the contribution of wood, bark, and pith to stem density.MethodsI determined density in small‐diameter stems across 153 species spanning all major angiosperm and gymnosperm orders by considering a diversity of growth forms (trees, treelets, shrubs, vines, and hemiparasites). Stem cross sections were dissected to consider the densities of wood with bark and pith; wood with pith and without bark; wood with bark and no pith; and wood without bark and pith. Secondary growth was also measured.ResultsTrees showed similar wood densities as non‐self‐supporting vines, and both showed significantly less dense wood than treelets, shrubs, and hemiparasites. General comparisons showed that wood was significantly denser than all other tissues, and these differences did not depend on growth form. Wood density was significantly and negatively related to growth rate and pith area proportions but not to bark thickness proportion.ConclusionsAn implicit negative relationship between maximum plant height and stem density emerges as a property of plants likely linked to hydraulic conductive size.
Brønstedsäure‐Zentren in Zeolith SSZ‐42 werden von Wasserstoffbrücken dominiert – eine Einteilung ihrer Vielfalt
Authors: Schroeder Christian , Zones Stacey I. , Hansen Michael Ryan , Koller Hubert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDer Zeolithkatalysator SSZ‐42 besitzt einen außerordentlich hohen Anteil von Wasserstoff‐verbrückten Brønstedsäure‐Zentren (Brønsted acid sites, BAS) von ≈80 %, deren 1H chemische Verschiebung verglichen mit unverbrückten BAS (bei typischerweise 4 ppm) stärker entschirmt ist. Dies kommt durch die Wechselwirkung aufgrund einer günstigen Ausrichtung zu benachbarten Sauerstoffatomen des Zeolithgerüsts zustande. Eine Einteilung der Vielfalt der Wasserstoffbrücken wurde durch DFT‐Rechnungen beleuchtet, wobei 5‐Ringe und ovale 6‐Ringe zu stärkeren Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen entgegengesetzten Seiten der Ringe führen (höhere experimentelle Verschiebung, δ(1H)=6.4 ppm) als kreisförmige 6‐Ringe (δ(1H)=5.2 ppm). Käfigartige Strukturen und intra‐tetraedrische Wechselwirkungen können ebenfalls zu Wasserstoffbrücken führen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Ausrichtung von Sauerstoffatomen deren Rolle bei der Stabilisierung von katalytischen Zwischenprodukten beeinflussen, wie Oberflächen‐Alkoxy‐Gruppen und möglicherweise auch Übergangszustände.
Imaging Membrane Order and Dynamic Interactions in Living Cells with a DNA Zipper Probe
Authors: Bagheri Yousef , Ali Ahsan Ausaf , Keshri Puspam , Chambers James , Gershenson Anne , You Mingxu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cell membrane is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure composed of distinct sub‐compartments. Within these compartments, preferential interactions occur among various lipids and proteins. Currently, it is still challenging to image these short‐lived membrane complexes, especially in living cells. In this work, we present a DNA‐based probe, termed “DNA Zipper”, which allows the membrane order and pattern of transient interactions to be imaged in living cells using standard fluorescence microscopes. By fine‐tuning the length and binding affinity of DNA duplex, these probes can precisely extend the duration of membrane lipid interactions via dynamic DNA hybridization. The correlation between membrane order and the activation of T‐cell receptor signaling has also been studied. These programmable DNA probes function after a brief cell incubation, which can be easily adapted to study lipid interactions and membrane order during different membrane signaling events.
Polyacids for producing colloidally stable amorphous calcium carbonate clusters in water
Authors: Jia Xianjing , Kayitmazer A. Basak , Ahmad Ayyaz , Ramzan Naveed , Li Yongsheng , Xu Yisheng , Sun Shengtong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs an important precursor of crystalline phases, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), especially ultrasmall ACC clusters, have been attracting great interest in fundamental research, materials chemistry, as well as industrial applications. However, it is still challenging to synthesize stable ACC clusters in water that can be isolated and concentrated without severe aggregation. Herein, we report a facile dialysis method for producing colloidally stable ACC clusters that are well dispersed in water with the protection of specific polycarboxylic acids, which could be also easily deprotected by small‐molecule acids like sodium citrate. Inherent proto‐calcite short‐range order is found to be present in all the obtained ACC clusters. The present strategy not only allows for the preparation of monodisperse isolated ACC clusters in aqueous solution but also shows great potential in industrial uses like waste water treatment.
Alcohol‐associated capillarization of sinusoids: A critique since the discovery by Schaffner and Popper in 1963
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Kee Dustin , Shin Da Wi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on capillarization of hepatic sinusoids since its discovery in 1963. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are uniquely fenestrated and lack an underlying basement membrane. In chronic liver disease, the sinusoids capillarize and transform into systemic capillaries, a process termed capillarization of sinusoids. The histopathology is marked by defenestration, basement membrane formation, and space of Disse fibrogenesis. Capillarized sinusoids compromise the bidirectional exchange of materials between sinusoids and hepatocytes, leading to hepatocellular dysfunction. Sinusoidal capillarization was first described in active cirrhosis of alcoholics in 1963. Since then, it has been found in early and progressive stages of alcoholic hepatic fibrosis before the onset of cirrhosis. The sinusoidal structure is not altered in alcoholic steatosis without fibrosis. Defenestration impairs the ability of the endothelium to filter chylomicron remnants from sinusoids into the Disse's space, contributing to alcohol‐induced postprandial hyperlipidemia and possibly atherosclerosis. Ethanol also modulates the fenestration dynamics in animals. In baboons, chronic alcohol consumption diminishes endothelial porosity in concomitance with hepatic fibrogenesis and in rats defenestrates the endothelium in the absence of fibrosis, and sometimes capillarizes the sinusoids. Acute ethanol ingestion enlarges fenestrations in rats and contracts fenestrations in rabbits. In sinusoidal endothelial cell culture, ethanol elicits fenestration dilation, which is likely related to its interaction with fenestration‐associated cytoskeleton. Ethanol potentiates sinusoidal injury caused by cocaine, acetaminophen or lipopolysaccharide in mice and rats. Understanding ethanol's mechanisms on pathogenesis of sinusoidal capillarization and fenestration dynamics will lead to development of methods to prevent risks for atherosclerosis in alcoholism.
Insights into the chemistry and therapeutic potential of acrylonitrile derivatives
Authors: Unsal Tan Oya , Zengin Merve 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcrylonitrile is a fascinating scaffold widely found in many natural products, drugs, and drug candidates with various biological activities. Several drug molecules such as entacapone, rilpivirine, teriflunomide, and so forth, bearing an acrylonitrile moiety have been marketed. In this review, diverse synthetic strategies for constructing desired acrylonitriles are discussed, and the different biological activities and medicinal significance of various acrylonitrile derivatives are critically evaluated. The information gathered is expected to provide rational guidance for the development of clinically useful agents from acrylonitriles.
A Modular System for the Rapid Comparison of Different Membrane Anchors for Surface Display on Escherichia coli
Authors: Gallus Sabrina , Mittmann Esther , Rabe Kersten S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComparison of different membrane anchor motifs for the surface display of a protein of interest (passenger) is crucial for achieving the best possible performance. However, generating genetic fusions of the passenger to various membrane anchors is time‐consuming. We herein employ a recently developed modular display system, in which the membrane anchor and the passenger are expressed separately and assembled in situ via SpyCatcher and SpyTag interaction, to readily combine a model passenger cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3) with four different membrane anchors (Lpp‐OmpA, PgsA, INP and AIDA‐I). This approach has the significant advantage that passengers and membrane anchors can be freely combined in a modular fashion without the need to generate direct genetic fusion constructs in each case. We demonstrate that the membrane anchors impact not only cell growth and membrane integrity, but also the BM3 surface display capacity and whole‐cell biocatalytic activity. The previously used Lpp‐OmpA as well as PgsA were found to be efficient for the display of BM3 via SpyCatcher/SpyTag interaction. Our strategy can be transferred to other user‐defined anchor and passenger combinations and could thus be used for acceleration and improvement of various applications involving cell surface display.
Use of iso‐osmolar contrast media during endovascular revascularization is associated with a lower incidence of major adverse renal, cardiac, or limb events
Authors: Prasad Anand , Amin Amit P. , Ryan Michael P. , Gunnarsson Candace , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the association of iso‐osmolar contrast media (IOCM) versus low‐osmolar contrast media (LOCM) with major adverse renal, cardiovascular, or limb events in patients at high‐risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing peripheral endovascular procedures.BackgroundProcedural characteristics including iodinated contrast type and volume have been associated with adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing angiographic interventions.MethodsPatients at high‐risk of AKI, undergoing peripheral endovascular procedures were identified using the Premier Healthcare Database and separated into claudication and critical limb ischemia (CLI) cohorts. For each cohort, we compared IOCM versus LOCM for the primary endpoint of MARCE (major adverse renal or cardiovascular events) and secondary endpoints of major adverse renal events (MARE) and major adverse renal and limb events (MARLE). These outcomes were captured within the indexed hospitalization via adjusted multivariable regression analyses.ResultsTwo procedure‐based cohorts of high‐risk patients were formed: claudication (N = 11,976) and CLI (N = 8713). Use of IOCM was associated with a significant absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 2.2% (p < 0.0001) for MARCE overall and in each cohort (claudication, 1.8%, p = 0.0070; CLI, 2.7%, p = 0.0054). The incidence of MARE and MARLE in the overall cohort was also lower with the use of IOCM: MARE (ARR = 1.4%, p = 0.0072) and MARLE (ARR = 2.0%, p = 0.0043).ConclusionsUsing IOCM versus LOCM in patients at high‐risk of adverse renal events undergoing peripheral endovascular procedures was independently associated with lower risk of MARCE, MARE, and MARLE.
Bromine Substitution of Organic Modifiers Fixed on a Titanium(IV) Oxide Photocatalyst: A New Strategy Accelerating Visible Light‐Induced Hydrogen‐Free Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Yamamoto Yuhei , Toda Hibiki , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTitanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) modified with 2,3‐naphthalenediol (NDO) works as a photocatalyst for some reactions under irradiation of visible light. We prepared and characterized nine kinds of organically modified TiO2 (OM/TiO2) and used OM/TiO2 for chemoselective hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) under irradiation of visible light without the use of hydrogen gas. All OM/TiO2 prepared in this study produced FOL and a linear relation between the reaction rate and amount of FAL adsorbed on the OM/TiO2 was observed. Among them, OM/TiO2 having bromine (Br)‐substituted NDO exhibited larger reaction rates and the rate increased with an increase in the number of Br groups. In the case of the most active 1,4,6‐tribromo‐2,3‐naphthalenediol‐modified TiO2 (TB‐NDO/TiO2), the reaction rate was not dependent on the amount of TB‐NDO and the photoabsorption of TB‐NDO/TiO2 but was dependent on the amount of FAL adsorbed on TB‐NDO/TiO2. These results revealed that substitution of hydrogen atoms of organic modifiers with Br is a simple but effective method for increasing the photocatalytic activity. The explored TB‐NDO/TiO2 also showed high performance in H2‐free chemoselective reduction of benzaldehydes having reducible groups to corresponding benzyl alcohols.
1D GNR‐PPy Composite for Remarkably Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Environmental Water**
Authors: Kulkarni Bhakti B. , Suvina V. , Balakrishna R. Geetha , Nagaraju D. H. , Jagadish Kusuma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe work reported here exploits the extraordinary features of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) and well‐known conductive polypyrrole (PPy) polymer to develop a very good electrochemically active composite for sensing metal ions. A strong hydrogen bond and π‐π interaction between the two components facilitates an enhanced conductive 3D network that has been used to design and fabricate an electrochemical sensor for selective and sensitive determination of Pb2+ ions by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The probe has been further extended to simultaneously detect Zn2+, Cd2+, As2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+ and Hg2+ ions. Moreover, the larger effective surface area, higher porosity and chelating groups of composite promotes better adsorption‐stripping process of Pb2+ ions, leading to a high detection limit of 0.03 nM with a sensitivity of 0.7557 μA μM−1cm−2. This study is extended to detect heavy metal ions in lake water samples, demonstrating promising applications in real time (environmental) samples, and the study shows a deviation of ≈10 %, when validated with atomic absorption spectroscopy studies.
Emerging adulthood milestones, perceived capability, and psychological well‐being while transitioning to adulthood: Evidence from a national study
Authors: Chatterjee Swarn , Kim Jinhee , Chung Saerom 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing the 2017 wave of the transition to adulthood dataset, this study examined the association between the achievement of key milestone markers of adulthood and the well‐being of emerging adults between ages 18 and 28. Results indicate that relationship status, financial behavior, and perceived capability were positively associated with the well‐being of emerging adults. The results also indicate that financial responsibility, mediated by cohabiting relationship status, was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction of emerging adults. All relationship categories were positively associated with well‐being when compared with the reference group of emerging adults who were single and not in a relationship. The study also found that being African Americans or other racial‐ethnic minority groups was negatively associated with life satisfaction, thus indicating a greater need for programs and policies to bridge the gap in perceived well‐being that currently exists between Non‐Hispanic Whites and other racial‐ethnic minority groups. Educational attainment was positively associated with the perceived well‐being of emerging adults. Implications of the key findings of this study are included for financial planners, scholars, and policymakers.
Intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅F Hydrogen Bonding Interaction in a Series of 4‐Anilino‐5‐Fluoroquinazolines: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Electronic and Conformational Effects
Authors: Urner Lorenz M. , Young Lee Ga , Treacy Joseph W. , Turlik Aneta , Khan Saeed I. , Houk K. N. , Jung Michael E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 4‐anilino‐6,7‐ethylenedioxy‐5‐fluoroquinazoline scaffold is presented as a novel model system for the characterization of the weak NH⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonding (HB) interaction. In this scaffold, the aniline NH proton is forced into close proximity with the nearby fluorine (dH,F∼2.0 Å, ∠∼138°), and a through‐space interaction is observed by NMR spectroscopy with couplings (1hJNH,F) of 19±1 Hz. A combination of experimental (NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography) and theoretical methods (DFT calculations) were used for the characterization of this weak interaction. In particular, the effects of conformational rigidity and steric compression on coupling were investigated. This scaffold was used for the direct comparison of fluoride with methoxy as HB acceptors, and the susceptibility of the NH⋅⋅⋅F interaction to changes in electron distribution and resonance was probed by preparing a series of molecules with different electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups in the positions para to the NH and F. The results support the idea that fluorine can act as a weak HB acceptor, and the HB strength can be modulated through additive and linear electronic substituent effects.
Chemistry on the Complex: Derivatization of TiO4N2‐Based Complexes and Application to Multi‐Step Synthesis
Authors: Scarpi‐Luttenauer Matthieu , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Chaumont Alain , Mobian Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe chemistry on octahedral TiO4N2‐complexes is described. The Ti(IV)‐based precursors are composed of two 3,3’‐diphenyl‐2,2’‐biphenolato ligands (1) and one substituted 1,10‐phenanthroline ligand (2‐5). The application of imine condensation, palladium‐catalyzed C−C bond formation or copper‐catalysed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition allowed the grafting of various new groups onto these species. In particular Sonogashira reactions permitted to observe an excellent conversion of the starting complexes. This systematic study enabled to compile the factors required to preserve the framework of the complexes in the course of a chemical transformation. Thanks to this chemistry realized on the complex, the Ti(1)2 fragment was used as a protecting group to develop a multi‐step synthesis of a bis‐phenanthroline compound (12), for which the synthesis without this protection failed. Thus, a dinuclear complex [Ti2(1)4(12)] was first prepared starting from complex precursor bearing an acetylenic function via a Hay coupling reaction. This was followed by a deprotection step affording 12. Overall, this work illustrates how the Ti(1)2 fragment could be an useful tool for the preparation of unprecedented diimine compounds.
Merging of a Perylene Moiety Enables a RuII Photosensitizer with Long‐Lived Excited States and the Efficient Production of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Schmid Marie‐Ann , Brückmann Jannik , Bösking Julian , Nauroozi Djawed , Karnahl Michael , Rau Sven , Tschierlei Stefanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultichromophoric systems based on a RuII polypyridine moiety containing an additional organic chromophore are of increasing interest with respect to different light‐driven applications. Here, we present the synthesis and detailed characterization of a novel RuII photosensitizer, namely [(tbbpy)2Ru((2‐(perylen‐3‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]‐phenanthrolline))](PF6)2 RuipPer, that includes a merged perylene dye in the back of the ip ligand. This complex features two emissive excited states as well as a long‐lived (8 μs) dark state in acetonitrile solution. Compared to prototype [(bpy)3Ru]2+‐like complexes, a strongly altered absorption (ϵ=50.3×103 M−1 cm−1 at 467 nm) and emission behavior caused by the introduction of the perylene unit is found. A combination of spectro‐electrochemistry and time‐resolved spectroscopy was used to elucidate the nature of the excited states. Finally, this photosensitizer was successfully used for the efficient formation of reactive singlet oxygen.