bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDV infection in neonatal piglets through the nasal cavity is mediated by subepithelial CD3+ T cells
Authors: Yuan Chen , Jin Yuxin , Li Yuchen , Zhang En , Zhang Penghao , Yang Qian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) primarily infects neonatal piglets causing catastrophic effects on the global pig farming industry. PEDV infects piglets through the nasal cavity, a process in which dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role. However, neonatal piglets have fewer nasal DCs. This study found that subepithelial CD3+T cells mediated PEDV invasion through the nasal cavity in neonatal piglets. PEDV could replicate in the nasal epithelial cells (NECs) isolated from the nasal cavity of neonatal piglets. Infection of NECs with PEDV could induce antiviral and inflammatory cytokines at the late stage. The infected NECs mediated transfer of virus to CD3+T cells distributed in the subepithelial of the nasal cavity via cell-to-cell contact. The infected CD3+T cells could migrate to the intestine via blood circulation, causing intestinal infection in neonatal piglets. Thus, the findings of this study indicate the importance of CD3+T cells in the dissemination of PEDV from the nasal cavity to the intestinal mucosa in neonatal piglets.
Shifted ultraspherical pseudo-Galerkin method for approximating the solutions of some types of ordinary fractional problems
Authors: Abdelhakem Mohamed , Mahmoud Doha , Baleanu Dumitru , El-kady Mamdouh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, a technique for finding approximate solutions for ordinary fraction differential equations (OFDEs) of any order has been proposed. The method is a hybrid between Galerkin and collocation methods. Also, this method can be extended to approximate fractional integro-differential equations (FIDEs) and fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). The spatial approximations with their derivatives are based on shifted ultraspherical polynomials (SUPs). Modified Galerkin spectral method has been used to create direct approximate solutions of linear/nonlinear ordinary fractional differential equations, a system of ordinary fraction differential equations, fractional integro-differential equations, or fractional optimal control problems. The aim is to transform those problems into a system of algebraic equations. That system will be efficiently solved by any solver. Three spaces of collocation nodes have been used through that transformation. Finally, numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the investigated method.
Cerebral fat embolization with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome and septic shock at high altitude: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Min , Zhu Gang , Guo Hao , Ge Shun Nan , Gao Guo Dong , Qu Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCerebral fat embolism (CFE) syndrome at high altitude was rare complicated with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) syndrome and septic shock. It is a challenge to differential diagnosis and treatment at high altitude.Case presentationThis case presents a CFE with PSH and septic shock of a 23-year-old man occurred at high altitude of 3800 m above sea level, transferred by airplane successfully and cured in the department of neurosurgery, Xi’an Tangdu Hospital.ConclusionsIt is key that CFE with PSH can be rapid diagnosed and treatment bundles of septic shock should be initiated as soon as possible. Early neurological rehabilitation played an important role for good outcome.
Providers’ perspectives of socio-cultural and health service challenges related to postpartum family planning in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: El Weshahi Heba Mahmoud Taha , Galal Ahmed Fawzy , Sultan Eman Anwar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum family planning (PPFP) focuses on prevention of unintended pregnancy and closely spaced pregnancies through the first 12 months following childbirth. Adoption of family planning during the postpartum period in Egypt faces unique challenges. This study aimed to explore the socio-cultural and health service challenges related to PPFP in Alexandria, Egypt, from perspectives of family planning providers working in public settings.MethodsThree focus group discussions were conducted in the period from May to July 2017. It included 32 family planning physicians working in the family health centers and maternal and child health centers in Alexandria for 3 years or more. A discussion guide was prepared. Analysis of data was done using thematic data analysis using a deductive approach.ResultsThe working experience of participants ranged from 3 to 30 years. The most frequently reported reasons for unmet need for PPFP were cultural norms about the contraceptive effects of lactation and inaccurate knowledge of women about the conditions for appropriate use of the lactation amenorrhea as a contraceptive method. The most commonly cited challenge related to the quality of service was the inadequate health education services about PPFP. Lack of training and supervision of community health workers was one of the underlying causes of the perceived inadequacy of the service.ConclusionsMass media campaigns advocating for family planning are urgently needed with full support from the government. Improvement of health education services is a must. Redistribution of family planning providers with an increase in the staff members is highly recommended.
EDCs Reorganize Brain-Behavior Phenotypic Relationships in Rats
Authors: Hernandez Scudder Morgan E , Young Rebecca L , Thompson Lindsay M , Kore Pragati , Crews David , Hofmann Hans A , Gore Andrea C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
All species, including humans, are exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previous experiments have shown behavioral deficits caused by EDCs that have implications for social competence and sexual selection. The neuromolecular mechanisms for these behavioral changes induced by EDCs have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that EDCs administered to rats during a critical period of embryonic brain development would lead to the disruption of normal social preference behavior, and that this involves a network of underlying gene pathways in brain regions that regulate these behaviors. Rats were exposed prenatally to human-relevant concentrations of EDCs (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], vinclozolin [VIN]), or vehicle. In adulthood, a sociosexual preference test was administered. We profiled gene expression of in preoptic area, medial amygdala, and ventromedial nucleus. Prenatal PCBs impaired sociosexual preference in both sexes, and VIN disrupted this behavior in males. Each brain region had unique sets of genes altered in a sex- and EDC-specific manner. The effects of EDCs on individual traits were typically small, but robust; EDC exposure changed the relationships between gene expression and behavior, a pattern we refer to as dis-integration and reconstitution. These findings underscore the effects that developmental exposure to EDCs can have on adult social behavior, highlight sex-specific and individual variation in responses, and provide a foundation for further work on the disruption of genes and behavior after prenatal exposure to EDCs.
Trends and predictors of HIV positivity and time since last test at voluntary counselling and testing encounters among adults in Kilifi, Kenya, 2006-2017
Authors: Mugo Peter M. , Agutu Clara A. , Wahome Elizabeth , Juma Margaret , Nzioka Joseph , Mohamed Khamisi , Mumba Teresia , Shally Mahmoud , Fauz Ibrahim , Omar Anisa , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , van der Elst Elise M. , Graham Susan M. , Sanders Eduard J. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Little is known about HIV retesting uptake among key populations (KP) and general populations (GP) in Kenya. We assessed trends and predictors of first-time testing (FTT), late retesting (previous test more than one year ago for GP or three months for KP), and test positivity at three voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centres in coastal Kenya. Methods: Routine VCT data covering 2006-2017 was collected from three VCT centres in Kilifi County. We analysed HIV testing history and test results from encounters among adults 18-39 years, categorized as GP men, GP women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and female sex workers (FSW). Results: Based on 24,728 test encounters (32% FTT), we observed declines in HIV positivity (proportion of encounters where the result was positive) among GP men, GP women, first-time testers and MSM but not among FSW. The proportion of encounters for FTT and late retesting decreased for both GP and KP but remained much higher in KP than GP. HIV positivity was higher at FTT and late retesting encounters; at FSW and MSM encounters; and at encounters with clients reporting lower educational attainment and sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms. HIV positivity was lower in GP men, never married clients and those less than 35 years of age. FTT was associated with town, risk group, age 18-24 years, never-married status, low educational attainment, and STI symptoms. Late retesting was less common among encounters with GP individuals who were never married, had Muslim or no religious affiliation, had lower educational attainment, or reported STI symptoms. Conclusions: HIV positive test results were most common at encounters with first-time testers and late re-testers. While the proportion of encounters at which late retesting was reported decreased steadily over the period reviewed, efforts are needed to increase retesting among the most at-risk populations.
The Unintended Consequences of Headquarters’ Involvement in Decentralized Transfer Price Negotiations: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Arnold Markus , Elsinger Florian , Rankin Frederick W. 
Published: February 2021

This study investigates how headquarters’ involvement affects the efficiency of transfer price negotiations. Although prior research explores autonomous transfer price negotiations, evidence suggests that headquarters can become involved in these negotiations, particularly after they fail. Although the likely intention of headquarters’ involvement is to overcome inefficiencies arising from decentralized managers’ inability to agree on a transfer price, we suggest that such involvement can reduce agreement frequency and the efficiency of transfer pricing in coordinating transfers between divisions. Reduced agreement may occur because involvement can reduce managers’ perceived responsibility for the negotiation outcome and because they may expect headquarters’ decision to be more favorable for them than a negotiated price. Headquarters’ involvement can also reduce the coordination efficiency of transfer pricing because of information asymmetries and headquarters’ decision biases in interpreting negotiation failure and using available information. In an experiment, we manipulate whether headquarters’ involvement is absent or present. We also manipulate whether headquarters suggests a nonbinding price (weak involvement) or whether it imposes a price on divisions (strong involvement). Consistent with our predictions, we find that headquarters’ involvement reduces the frequency of negotiation agreement and the coordination efficiency of transfer pricing. Efficiency is reduced more when involvement is strong rather than weak. We contribute to research by studying managers’ negotiation behavior in the realistic setting of potential headquarters’ involvement and by providing evidence on headquarters’ biased perceptions of negotiation impasse and the unintended consequences of its involvement. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Investor Sentiment and Stock Option Vesting Terms
Authors: Huang Shawn X. , Keskek Sami , Sanchez Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Using the details of vesting terms, we document that stock options granted in high-investor-sentiment periods tend to have shorter vesting periods and durations and are more likely to vest completely or have a significantly larger fraction vested within one year of the grant date, relative to low-sentiment periods. We further find that the sentiment effect on vesting terms is more pronounced when firms are largely held by investors with short investment horizons (e.g., transient institutions). Moreover, short vesting terms in high-sentiment periods are positively associated with future mergers-and-acquisitions activity and capital expenditures. Overall, our findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that, in a speculative market, shareholders incentivize managers with short-term-oriented compensation contracts to induce managers to pursue actions maintaining overvaluation.This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
PUDARNYA KUASA NEGARA: ANALISIS CERPEN-CERPEN SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FOUCAULT
Authors: Rizqi Turama Akhmad 
Published: February 2021

Merujuk pada pendapat bahwa sastra mencerminkan realitas, muncul sebuah masalah mengenai ada tidaknya perubahan posisi negara dalam cerpen sebelum dan sesudah reformasi. Dua cerpen yang dijadikan bahan analisis adalah Saksi Mata dan Aku, Pembunuh Munirkarya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan perspektif Foucault. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pergeseran kekuasaan negara setelah reformasi. Hal ini ditunjukkan terutama dalam lima hal, yaitu motif kehadiran saksi di pengadilan, wibawa hakim, keberpihakan tokoh utama, wujud penjahat, dan pengadilan sebagai lambang negara.
Vanadium-dioxide microstructures with designable temperature-dependent thermal emission
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L. 
Published: February 2021

We propose gold-vanadium dioxide microstructures for which the difference in thermally radiated power between the low and high temperature states can be tuned via structural design. We start by incorporating

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in a gold-dielectric-gold waveguide to achieve a temperature-dependent mode effective index. We show that a cavity formed in this waveguide structure has a fundamental resonance wavelength that shifts with temperature. We calculate the thermal radiated power from the cavity at temperatures above and below the phase transition of

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for wavelengths between 8 and 14 µm. We show that the difference in radiated power can be made positive, negative, or zero simply by adjusting the cavity length. Finally, we use our cavity to design thermally emissive metasurfaces with spatial emission patterns that can be inverted with temperature. Our emitters could serve as building blocks in the realization of metasurfaces enabling complex thermal radiation control.
Risk factors and visual outcome of Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION): Experience of a tertiary center in Kuwait
Authors: Behbehani Raed , Ali Abdullah , Al-Moosa Ashref 
Published: February 2021

Background
Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy over the age of 50 years. NAION is commonly associated with systemic vascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and small cup-to-disc-ratio. We have assessed the prevalence risk factors of NAION and the visual outcome in patients referred to a tertiary ophthalmology center in Kuwait.

Materials and methods
A retrospective review of new cases of NAION presenting within 2 weeks of onset were included and baseline clinical and demographics characteristic were determined. The prevalence of risk factors and the visual outcome (change in logMAR visual acuity, mean deviation of visual field) was compared between young NAION patients (below 50 years of age) and older NAION patients (over 50 years of age). The odds ratio of a final favorable visual outcome (visual acuity 20/40 or better) by age category was determined.

Results
Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients with recent onset NAION were included in the study. The most prevalent risk factors for NAION in our subjects were diabetes (64.1%), small cup-to-disc ratio (61.5%), hyperlipidemia (51.3%) and hypertension (38.5%). Young NAION patients had better final logMAR visual acuity (0.55 +- 0.57) then older NAION patients (0.9 +- 0.73), (p = 0.03). Furthermore, young NAION patients were 2.8 times more likely to have a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better than older NAION patients, odds ratio (OR), 2.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–7.40, Chi-square p-value = 0.03).

Conclusion
There is a high prevalence of systemic vascular risk factors and small cup-to-disc ratio in NAION patients referred to our center across different age groups (below and above 50 years). Patients below the age of 50 years with NAION are more likely to have a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better than NAION patients above the age of 50 years.
Effect of combined acetylsalicylic acid and statins treatment on intracranial aneurysm rupture
Authors: Terceño Mikel , Remollo Sebastian , Silva Yolanda , Bashir Saima , Werner Mariano , Vera-Monge Víctor A. , Serena Joaquín , Castaño Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Background
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and statins have been identified as potentially reducing the risk of intracranial aneurysms (IA) rupture. We aim to determine the effect of this drugs on the risk of rupture of IA.

Patients and methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study from a prospective database of patients with IA treated in our institution between January 2013 and December 2018. Demographics, previous oral treatments, presence of multiple aneurysms, size of aneurysm, lobulation, location and morphology of the aneurysms were recorded. Patients were dichotomized as ruptured and unruptured IA.

Results
A total of 408 IA were treated, of which 283 (68.6%) were in women. The median age was 53, 194 (47.5%) were ruptured IA. 38 patients (9.3%) were receiving ASA and 84 (20.6%) were receiving statins at the moment of the IA diagnosis. In the multivariable regression analysis, ASA plus statin use and multiple aneurysms were independently associated with unruptured IA (OR 5.01, 95% CI, 1.37–18.33, P = 0.015 and OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.68–4.27, P<0.001, respectively). Whereas, lobulated wall aneurysm and PComA/AComA location were inversely and independently associated with unruptured IA condition (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.55, P<0.001 and OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23–0.60, P<0.001, respectively). However, ASA and statins in monotherapy were not independently associated with unruptured IA condition.

Conclusions
In our study population ASA plus statins treatment is independently associated with unruptured IA. Larger and prospective studies are required to explore this potential protective effect against IA rupture.
O conhecimento do professor em tempos de mudança curricular. O caso da telescola portuguesa (1965-1967)
Authors: Almeida Mária Cristina , Matos José Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Este artigo procura conhecer os modos como a comunicação de ideias matemáticas foi levada a cabo na implementação da Telescola em Portugal durante os anos de 1965/66 e 1966/67 e que, para além do uso educativo da televisão, incorpora também a inovação curricular da Matemática Moderna. Este artigo investiga os saberes matemáticos expressos em documentação associada aos dois anos letivos iniciais da Telescola em Portugal (1965/66 e 1966/67). Procuraremos identificar não só o conhecimento comum do conteúdo matemático, mas especialmente o seu conhecimento especializado. Procuraremos igualmente determinar como esses conhecimentos evoluíram em consequência da introdução da matemática moderna.
Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on pre-mild cognitive decline at middle and old age
Authors: Koberskaya N. N. , Yakhno N. N. , Gridin V. N. , Smirnov D. S. 
Published: February 2021

Much attention is currently paid to non-dementia cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment and pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), since their timely detection and optimal correction increase the possibility of preventing dementia.Objective: to analyze the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with PMCD depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs): hypertension, cardiac disorders (ischemic heart disease, intracardiac conduction disturbance), and prior stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as diabetes mellitus.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 182 patients (132 women, 50 men; mean age, 59.32±5.41 years) with PMCD and CVFRs, 101 patients (77 women, 24 men; mean age, 59.45±7.04 years) with PMCD without CVRFs, and 77 control persons (55 women, 22 men; mean age, 60.55±5.65 years). All underwent general clinical, neurological, and clinical psychological studies using rating scales and tests.Results and discussion. The patients with PMCD and CVRFs had lower scores on all neuropsychological tests than the control group and on most tests than the patients with PMCD without CVRFs. In addition to some deterioration in memory indicators, the patients with CVRFs performed worse executive function tests. Cluster analysis showed that in the patients with PMCD, the severity of cognitive decline was considerably affected by hypertension, cardiac disorders, and diabetes mellitus; among them, hypertension was of the most significance.Conclusion. The association of cognitive decline with the burden of CVRFs indicates their important role in the deterioration of cognitive functions in PMCD.
Systematic analysis of molecular biological mechanisms for supporting connective tissue metabolism with chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Nechaeva G. I. , Reier I. A. , Zagorodniy N. V. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to analyze the roles of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) in the development of cartilage and ligamentous apparatus diseases.Material and methods. This paper presents the results of analyzing the literature on fundamental and clinical studies of relationships between chondroitin sulfate (CS) and connective tissue (CT) disease. A total of 922 publications on the relationship between CT dysplasia and CS and 2249 publications on CS receptor molecules were analyzed. These arrays of publications were analyzed using topological and metric approaches to data analysis.Results and discussion. The genetic predisposition to UCTD is substantially aggravated by inadequate nutrition that leads to deficiency of certain micronutrients that support CT reconstructive processes. The paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of prospects for the use of drugs based on standardized CS substances in patients with UCTD. CS is a material for CT reconstruction. CS increases the activity of growth factors and reduces CT inflammatory destruction (inhibition of the secretion of histamine, pro-inflammatory chemokines, Toll-like receptors, and the NF-κB cascade through exposure to the CD44 receptor).Conclusion. The pharmacological effects of CS indicate the importance of using standardized CS forms in the treatment of patients with UCTD.