bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of Text-Based Communications for the Delivery of Psychological Therapeutic Services to Rural and Remote Communities: Scoping Review
Authors: Dwyer Anne , de Almeida Neto Abílio , Estival Dominique , Li Weicong , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Antoniou Mark 
Published: January 2021

Background
People living in rural and remote areas have poorer access to mental health services than those living in cities. They are also less likely to seek help because of self-stigma and entrenched stoic beliefs about help seeking as a sign of weakness. E-mental health services can span great distances to reach those in need and offer a degree of privacy and anonymity exceeding that of traditional face-to-face counseling and open up possibilities for identifying at-risk individuals for targeted intervention.

Objective
This scoping review maps the research that has explored text-based e-mental health counseling services and studies that have used language use patterns to predict mental health status. In doing so, one of the aims was to determine whether text-based counseling services have the potential to circumvent the barriers faced by clients in rural and remote communities using technology and whether text-based communications, in particular, can be used to identify individuals at risk of psychological distress or self-harm.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive electronic literature search of PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science databases for articles published in English through November 2020.

Results
Of the 9134 articles screened, 70 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that text-based, real-time communication with a qualified therapist is an effective form of e-mental health service delivery, particularly for individuals concerned with stigma and confidentiality. There is also converging evidence that text-based communications that have been analyzed using computational linguistic techniques can be used to accurately predict progress during treatment and identify individuals at risk of serious mental health conditions and suicide.

Conclusions
This review reveals a clear need for intensified research into the extent to which text-based counseling (and predictive models using modern computational linguistics tools) may help deliver mental health treatments to underserved groups such as regional communities, identify at-risk individuals for targeted intervention, and predict progress during treatment. Such approaches have implications for policy development to improve intervention accessibility in at-risk and underserved populations.
Usability, Perceived Usefulness, and Shared Decision-Making Features of the AFib 2gether Mobile App: Protocol for a Single-Arm Intervention Study
Authors: Kapoor Alok , Andrade Andreza , Hayes Anna , Mazor Kathleen , Possidente Carl , Nolen Kim , Hegeman-Dingle Rozelle , McManus David 
Published: January 2021

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that atrial fibrillation (AF) affects between 2.7 million and 6.1 million people in the United States. Those who have AF tend to have a much higher stroke risk than others. Although most individuals with AF benefit from anticoagulation (AC) therapy, a significant majority are hesitant to start it. To add, providers often struggle in helping patients negotiate the decision to start AC therapy. To assist in the communication between patients and providers regarding preferences and knowledge about AC therapy, different strategies are being used to try and solve this problem. In this research study, we will have patients and providers utilize the AFib 2gether app with hopes that it will create a platform for shared decision making regarding the prevention of stroke in patients with AF receiving AC therapy.

Objective
The aim of our study is to measure several outcomes related to encounters between patients and their cardiology providers where AFib 2gether is used. These outcomes include usability and perceived usefulness of the app from the perspective of patients and providers. In addition, we will assess the extent and nature of shared decision making.

Methods
Eligible patients and providers will evaluate the AFib 2gether mobile app for usability and perceived usefulness in facilitating shared decision making regarding understanding the patient’s risk of stroke and whether or not to start AC therapy. Both patients and providers will review the app and complete multiple questionnaires about the usability and perceived usefulness of the mobile app in a clinical setting. We will also audio-record a subset of encounters to assess for evidence of shared decision making.

Results
Enrollment in the AFib 2gether shared decision-making study is still ongoing for both patients and providers. The first participant enrolled on November 22, 2019. Analysis and publishing of results are expected to be completed in spring 2021.

Conclusions
The AFib 2gether app emerged from a desire to increase the ability of patients and providers to engage in shared decision making around understanding the risk of stroke and AC therapy. We anticipate that the AFib 2gether mobile app will facilitate patient discussion with their cardiologist and other providers. Additionally, we hope the study will help us identify barriers that providers face when placing patients on AC therapy. We aim to demonstrate the usability and perceived usefulness of the app with a future goal of testing the value of our approach in a larger sample of patients and providers at multiple medical centers across the country.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04118270; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04118270

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/21986
Quantification of carbon capture in different soil uses
Authors: Solarte-Guerrero Geovanny , Males Dayana Marcela , Ortiz Angela Natalia 
Published: January 2021

Carbon sequestration by soils in different production systems contributes greatly to the reduction of greenhouse gases. The objective of this study was to quantify the carbon stored in four land uses at different soil depths. To this end, a 22 factorial experiment in complete randomized block design (CRBD) was carried out. The factor A: land uses (natural pastures, shelterbelts, fodder banks, and potato crop) and the factor B: two soil depths (30 and 60cm), with three replications. . As a result, statistical differences were found among soil uses (p>0.0573) and between depths of 30 and 60cm (p<0.0061). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the interaction land-use and depth (P > 0.0659). The fodder bank presented a higher organic carbon content (139.85tC.ha-1) at 60cm depth and the potato monoculture (63.32tC.ha-1) at 30cm depth while, at both depths, natural pasture reported lower values (54.45 and 60.02tC.ha-1). Hence, the importance of productive systems to accumulate more carbon at greater depths of soil (60cm) compared to lower depths (30cm), which may be linked to agricultural opperations made on the soi surface, generating carbon leakage.
DESREGULAMENTAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E TERRITORIAL EM UM CONTEXTO DE ANTIAMBIENTALISMO RACIALIZADO: O CASO DAS TERRAS DA UNIÃO NO MÉDIO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
Authors: ANAYA FELISA CANÇADO , OLIVEIRA CLÁUDIA LUZ DE , Ribeiro Luciana Maria Monteiro , Araújo Elisa Cotta de , Thé Ana Paula Glinfskoi 
Published: January 2021

O artigo apresenta dados etnográficos e contextuais sobre o processo de caracterização e identificação de terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por comunidades vazanteiras, pescadoras e quilombolas do Médio São Francisco, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Tem como foco analisar os desafios do fazer antropológico na atual conjuntura política e econômica brasileira, marcada pela emergência de um novo tipo de antiambientalismo de caráter autoritário e racializado (ACSELRAD, 2018), baseado em uma retórica explicitamente estigmatizadora em relação aos povos e comunidades tradicionais, movimentos sociais, pesquisadores e órgãos públicos. Tal retórica, tem sido utilizada como estratégia de convencimento social e como forma de legitimar práticas de desregulamentação ambiental e fundiária. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, trabalho de campo etnográfico e análise situacional para leitura dos processos em andamento durante trabalho de pesquisa. Os dados revelam que, o que está em jogo é a apropriação privada pelo segmento ruralista das águas e das áreas inundáveis nas margens do rio São Francisco, que compõem parte dos territórios de diversas comunidades tradicionais, sendo definidas pela legislação como terras da União e áreas de preservação permanente.
Makers no Complexo do Alemão: a tecnologia da sobrevivência.
Authors: Neves do Nascimento Natã 
Published: January 2021

A favela é um território criativo e, apesar dos estigmas que traz consigo em relação a violência e escassez, busco refletir através desse artigo que esse território periférico é extremamente potente quando se fala na arte de sobreviver. Trabalhando com o conceito de “tática” trazido por Michel de Certeau, estabelecendo relações entre as gambiarras desenvolvidas por fazedores do Complexo do Alemão. A favela é rica quando se trata deprofissionais que desenvolvem táticas de sobrevivência. Pretendo questionar os múltiplos conceitos da palavra gambiarra e mostrar como ela se apresenta na vida de cada um que a produz. Para composição deste trabalho serão analisados alguns conceitos de gambiarra, criação e estigma.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Authors: Tseng William W , Chopra Shefali , Patel Dakshesh , In Gino K , Ragab Omar , Hu James S , Menendez Lawrence R , Sener Stephen F 
Published: January 2021

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma with fibroblastic differentiation. SFTs typically occur in patients between ages 50 and 70 and most commonly develop in the pleural space or abdomen, although they have been described in virtually every body site. Cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) is useful to help characterize the tumor, and core-needle biopsy is critical to obtain tissue for diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is now made by immunohistochemical expression of STAT6, which results from a key genetic aberration (NAB2-STAT6 fusion) recently identified in SFTs. For patients with SFT, surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Current data suggest some benefit with adjuvant radiation therapy and systemic therapy; however, further studies are needed. After treatment, surveillance in SFT patients is important, and late recurrences have been reported. Although these tumors are generally indolent, with low metastatic potential, a subset of cases will demonstrate aggressive behavior. Simple risk assessment models have been developed to help predict clinical behavior. Novel predictive biomarkers and disease biology–driven targeted therapy options are needed.

This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables and 37 references
Key words: cellular angiofibroma, characteristic chromosomal translocation, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Doege-Potter syndrome, hemangiopericytoma, perineuroma, preoperative angioembolization, schwannoma, solitary fibrous tumors
Evaluation Of Elevated Transaminases In Children
Authors: Valentino Pamela L , Ekong Udeme D 
Published: January 2021

The approach to elevated liver transaminases presented here includes an understanding of the biochemical testing, as well as a sequential pathway of investigations. In the pediatric patient who is not in acute liver failure, we discuss the differential diagnoses that should be considered, categorized in a systems-based approach. Infectious, autoimmune, genetic/metabolic, and cholestatic disease; drug-induced liver injury; and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are among the categories that should be considered. Following a thorough history and physical examination, the patient should be referred to a pediatric specialist with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease. Appropriate investigations by a pediatric gastroenterologist/hepatologist initially include blood tests and abdominal Doppler ultrasonography.

This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables and 42 references
Key words: acute liver failure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholestasis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, elevated liver enzymes, end-stage liver disease, γ-glutamyl transaminase, portal hypertension
Liver Transplant Immunology 2: Application to Liver Allograft Immunity
Authors: Kriss Michael , Rosen Hugo 
Published: January 2021

The liver is a multifunctional organ responsible for complex metabolic and immune functions. Although not a classic lymphoid organ, the liver is enriched with traditional immune cells as well as parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells that play a key role in immune homeostasis. Due to its location and unique anatomic structure, the liver must finely balance immunity and tolerance to avoid undue inflammation in the setting of constant antigenic exposure from portal blood flow while maintaining appropriate immunity against pathogens. Since the first successful liver transplantation in humans in 1967 at the University of Colorado, our knowledge of hepatic immunity and tolerance, in the context of both liver disease and liver transplantation, has evolved dramatically. With these advancements, therapeutic modalities have been developed that have revolutionized the care of liver transplant recipients. In Part 2: Application to Liver Allograft Immunity, we apply the basic principles of liver immunology and allorecognition to our current management of liver transplant recipients in the context of both immunosuppression and the holy grail of transplantation, operational tolerance.

This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 32 references
Key Words: adaptive immunity; allograft rejection; allograft tolerance; allorecognition; antigen presenting cells; immunosuppression; innate immunity; liver transplantation; T lymphocytes
Urogenital Mycoplasma Infections
Authors: Atkinson T. Prescott , M. Geisler William , Waites Ken B. 
Published: January 2021

Class Mollicutes includes organisms in the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. They are prokaryotes that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest known living organisms both in cellular dimension and genome size. At least 17 different species inhabit the mucosae of the respiratory and urogenital tracts of humans, several of which are pathogenic in a variety of clinical illnesses. Their fastidious nature and often slow growth in vitro has hampered understanding of their roles as agents of human disease. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. have been recognized as causes of various pelvic inflammatory syndromes in women and systemic illnesses in immunocompromised persons, and U. urealyticum has been identified as a potential cause of urethritis in men. The appreciation of Mycoplasma genitalium as an important cause of inflammatory urogenital syndromes in men and women has come about over the past decade as a result of the advancement of molecular methods for its detection. Development of resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in M. genitalium has made management of these infections more challenging. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease spectrum, diagnosis, and treatment of urogenital and/or systemic infections caused by these organisms.
This review contains 1 figure, 2 tables and 97 references
Key Words: Antimicrobial Resistance, Inflammation, Mycoplasma, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Ureaplasma
Delayed Puberty
Authors: French Amanda 
Published: January 2021

Although common, delayed puberty can be distressing to patients and families. Careful assessment is necessary to ensure appropriate physical and social development in patients that require intervention to reach pubertal milestones and achieve optimal growth. Most pubertal delay is from lack of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which then results in a functional or physiologic GnRH deficiency. The delay may be temporary or permanent. Constitutional delay (CDGP), also referred to as self-limited delayed puberty (DP), describes children on the extreme end of normal pubertal timing and is the most common cause of delayed puberty, representing about one third of cases. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (primary hypogonadism) results from a failure of the gonad itself, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (secondary hypogonadism) results from a failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which is usually caused by another process, often systemic. Diagnosis is based on history and examination. Treatment is based on the underlying cause of pubertal delay and may include hormone replacement. Involving a pediatric endocrinologist should be considered. Appropriate counseling and ongoing support are important for all patients and families, regardless of underlying disease process.
This review contains 4 figures, 4 tables, and 32 references.
Keywords: puberty, delayed puberty, hypogonadism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, menarche, thelarche, constitutional delay and growth in puberty, Turner syndrome
Nutritional Support in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sabatino Alice , Regolisti Giuseppe , Fani Filippo , Fiaccadori Enrico 
Published: January 2021

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is particularly common in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). It is correlated, at least in part, with specific factors of the reduction of renal function and is associated with significant increase in mortality and morbidity. In this clinical condition, the optimal nutritional support remains an open question due to its qualitative composition in terms of macro- and micronutrients. In fact, data on critically ill patients have confirmed that nutritional support targeting the real protein and energy needs is associated with improvement of clinical outcome. However, data available in AKI patients are still scarce. AKI is characterized by increased risk of both under- and overfeeding because of the coexistence of many factors that can influence the evaluation of nutrient needs, such as a rapid change in body weight due to alterations in fluid balance, loss of nutrients during renal replacement therapy (RRT), and the presence of hidden calories in the RRT (ie, calories derived from anticoagulants and/or from solutions used in the different dialysis methods). As AKI comprises a highly heterogeneous group of patients, with oscillatory nutrient needs during patients’ clinical course, nutritional requirements should be frequently reassessed, individualized, and carefully integrated with RRT. Nutrient needs in patients with AKI can be difficult to estimate and should be directly measured, especially in the intensive care unit setting.

This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables and 104 references
Keywords: Malnutrition In ICU Patients, Acute Kidney Injury, Nutritional Support, Indirect Calorimetry, Resting Energy Expenditure, Lipid Oxidation Rate, Glucose Oxidation Rate, Micronutrients
Genetics of Hypertension
Authors: Sparks Matthew A. , Phelan Paul J 
Published: January 2021

Despite the high prevalence of hypertension and its resulting morbidity and mortality, our knowledge of its pathogenesis remains limited. Strong evidence for a genetic role in blood pressure (BP) variability was first provided by familial segregation studies and the identification of mendelian disorders causing marked hypertension. These monogenic diseases, largely involving genes in sodium homeostatic pathways, have reinforced the Guytonian principle that BP is largely governed by renal sodium excretion. More recently, large population based genome wide association studies (GWAS) have attempted to fill in the missing heritability of the BP trait, with mixed results. Although many variants have been identified that are robustly associated with BP variability, they are mostly rare and together are responsible for a tiny percentage of total trait variability. Observations from GWAS include shared risk variants for cardiovascular and kidney disease, including polymorphisms in UMOD. Mutations in this gene are known to cause monogenic renal disease. GWAS data may be employed for pathway analysis to discover the etiology of hypertension as well providing the potential to interrogate drug responses to antihypertensive agents depending on genotype. The chapter concludes with describing future directions in BP genetics including evidence of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in BP pathogenesis. As we enter the era of whole genome sequencing, the possibility exists to discover the missing hereditability of BP variation although this technology will present its own challenges.

This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables and 94 references
Key words: adrenocorticotropic hormone, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, cytosine-phosphate-guanine, epithelial sodium channel
Common Maternal Genetic Syndromes III: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Vidaeff Alex C. 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to improve the basis upon which advice on pregnancy is given to women with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and to address issues of obstetric management by drawing upon the accumulated world experience. Although, overall, pregnancy in EDS is well tolerated, with good outcomes, the rate of maternal and perinatal complications is higher and every pregnancy in these women remains a high-risk pregnancy. The obstetrical outcomes are influenced by the type of EDS and the specific underlying abnormalities. The older numeric classification of EDS has been largely abandoned and it was replaced by the 2017 descriptive international classification. Based on this new classification, we are briefly describing the most common EDS types and consider the management implications imposed by pregnancy and delivery.

This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 36 references.
Keywords: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, EDS types, pregnancy, delivery, EDS classification, counseling, genetic screening, neonatal outcomes
Transplantation Principles
Authors: Siemionow Maria , Zor Fatih 
Published: January 2021

Transplantation is a truly multidisciplinary specialty where a surgical procedure requires inputs from both, the specialists of the specific organ e.g. nephrologist for kidney transplant or hepatologist for liver transplant, as well as from experts of other specialties such as immunology, infectious diseases etc. It is also a rapidly grooving field with the advances in surgical techniques, immunological knowledge and pharmacology. A recent, major advance in the field of transplantation is the emergence of new procedure of vascularized composite allotransplantation, which includes transplantation of non-lifesaving organs such as face, hands, abdominal wall or uterus. Additionally, organ shortage in transplantation yielded a new area of research such as xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine. The specialty of transplantation may be difficult to comprehend for those entering the field; thus, the goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important aspects of transplantation.
This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 67 references.
Keywords: transplantation, solid organ transplantation (SOT), vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), transplant immunology, allorecognition, acute rejection, chronic transplant rejection, principles of transplantation, transplantation terminology, immunosuppressive drugs