bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Gender Dynamics in Sport and Physical Activity Employment
Authors: González-Rivera María-Dolores , Guinto Maria Luisa , Rodríguez-Hernández María Luisa 
Published: December 2024

Gender disparity in employment remains a pervasive global issue, and the sport and physical activity (SPA) sector is no exception. Despite a notable increase in women’s sport participation in recent years, this growth has not yet fully translated into significant strides toward gender parity in employment, as men continue to hold most SPA-related occupations. This study investigated the persistent gender inequalities in the SPA industry, focusing on the Madrid region in Spain. A survey was conducted with 400 SPA professionals—102 women and 298 men—to examine occupational representation, employment pathways, employment determinants, contractual arrangements, salary differentials, and organisational affiliations. The findings confirm the underrepresentation of women across all domains of SPA employment, especially in sport coaching for competition. The results showed that recruitment and hiring of women rely primarily on curriculum vitae reviews or public examinations, unlike their male counterparts who lean on their social networks or personal referrals to secure employment in the SPA sector. Findings also revealed that men hold a substantial proportion of formal and informal contracts, including non-contracted jobs, affirming their dominance in both ends of the SPA contractual employment spectrum. Moreover, the study indicated that women often face unfavourable work conditions, including extended working hours and salary differentials. Informed by institutional theory and intersectionality, the discussion highlights the entrenched structures, norms, and practices that reinforce the marginalisation of women based on overlapping identities, sustaining employment practices and outcomes over time. Initiatives are proposed to strengthen equitability and transparency in hiring practices, increase job security, and improve work conditions, enabling organisations and institutions in Madrid to mobilise resources and programmes that foster gender parity in the SPA sector. By advocating gender-informed initiatives that challenge embedded norms and biases, recommendations may be adapted to diverse contexts and cultures where similar gender disparities exist in SPA industries worldwide.
NAVIGATING GENOME EDITING IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ISLAMIC BIOETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CRISPR
Authors: Tehreem Fatima  , Aqsa Tasgheer  , Javaria Anees  , Zeba shehzad  
Published: December 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and genome editing techniques like CRISPR has entirely shifted the medical field, offering unparalleled progress in manipulating genes, evaluations, and personalised therapy. Such as a Chinese Scientist “He Jiankui” altered the genes CCR5 in an experiment through the CRISPR technique that shocked the world. He was sentenced to 3 years for “Illegal Medical Practice”. The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) under UNESCO wrote a report in 2021 about protecting future generations elaborating article 16 of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, 2005. Still, the moral ramifications of genome editing require meticulous examination, especially in speckled societal and religious settings. This research examines the incorporation of gene editing and AI technologies in healthcare from the perspective of Islamic bioethics. such as inviolability, human honour, and the concept of fairness. This paper delineates the anticipated advantages of gene editing in tackling inherited diseases and raising the precision of diagnoses. It also explores the moral quandaries which encompass issues such as manipulating genes and data confidentiality. Islamic bioethics draws its origins from the Quran, Hadith, and the Shariah laws. It provides valuable perspectives highlighting the significance of ethical accountability, intellectual agreement, and the goal of collective welfare. By conducting a thorough examination of current bioethical research and analysing instances from nations, it emphasizes the potential of Islamic moral structures to guide the appropriate utilization of gene editing and AI in the field of medicine. Moreover, it explores the influence of religious intellectuals in modifying laws and promoting a diverse discourse that connects technological advances with spiritual values. This research suggests a series of scruples for incorporating gene-editing and AI into health care, based on Islamic ethics.
Polivalenza del ridere: i casi omerici di ἄσβεστος γέλως
Authors: Pasqualini Fabrizio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Polyvalence of laughter: Homeric cases of ἄσβεστος γέλως The present article intends to analyze the three different Homeric cases of ἄσβεστος γέλως (Il. I 599; Od. VIII 326; XX 346). By considering both linguistic elements which are referred to the noun γέλως and some narratological aspects in relation to which the lines being discussed could be considered, the purpose of this article is to give a specific interpretation of the different scenes. More specifically: in the first part, I will discuss the possibility that the Homeric laughter is related, from a semantic and linguistic point of view, to the idea of a physical movement; in the second part, I intend to show that the massive use of γέλως displayed by the gods who make fun of Hephaistos could be interpreted as a sort of psychological displacement; in the last part of the article, I show a vital trait of the Homeric unquenchable laughter, namely the fact that each and every detail referred to it leads to think that this kind of laughter is an exclusive prerogative of the Olympians: whenever it involves human beings, it brings nothing but madness and death.
Grain Yield, Growth and Yield Components of Maize as Influenced by Irrigation Intervals and Irrigation Levels
Authors: M. P. Niveditha , Sridhara S. , C. J. Sridhara, , Naik T. Basavaraj , Pradeep S. , Ganapathi  
Published: December 2024

Irrigation intervals influence the soil moisture, plant stress where irrigation levels determine water availability based on environmental demand with their combined management was crucial for optimizing maize growth and yield under varying irrigation conditions. Maize responds differently to varying irrigation intervals and levels influencing the growth and yield of a crop. A field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial concept comprised of eight treatments with two irrigation intervals (irrigation at five days and ten days) and four irrigation levels (1.0, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 CPE) were evaluated at Centre for climate resilient agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (KSNUAHS), Shivamogga, during summer season of 2023. Irrigation at five-day intervals with 1.0 CPE significantly improved grain yield (9835 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (15016 kg ha⁻¹), harvest index (0.40), grain yield per plant (181.53 g), test weight (26.51 g), grains per cob (587.33), plant height (196.25 cm), number of leaves (10.63) and stem girth (7.46 cm).The plant height, number of leaves, number of grains per cob and test weight exhibited strong positive correlation with grain yield emphasizing their role in enhancing maize productivity under varying irrigation levels. The optimal irrigation strategies for maize, emphasizing the effects of different irrigation intervals and levels on growth and yield. It provides practical insights for sustainable water management and maximizing productivity particularly under resource constraints.
Blood‐based detection of lung cancer using cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) as a circulating protein biomarker: a pilot study
Authors: Ačkar Lucija , Casjens Swaantje , Andreas Antje , Raiko Irina , Brüning Thomas , Geffken Maria , Peine Sven , Kollmeier Jens , Johnen Georg , Bartkowiak Kai , Weber Daniel Gilbert , Pantel Klaus 
Published: September 2021

Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer and the main cause of cancer deaths in the world compared with other tumor entities. To date, the only screening method for high‐risk lung cancer patients is low‐dosed computed tomography which still suffers from high false‐positive rates and overdiagnosis. Therefore, there is an obvious need to identify biomarkers for the detection of lung cancer that could be used to guide the use of low‐dosed computed tomography or other imaging procedures. We aimed to assess the performance of the protein cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) as a circulating biomarker for the detection of lung cancer. CYR61 concentrations in plasma were significantly elevated in 87 lung cancer patients (13.7 ± 18.6 ng·mL−1) compared with 150 healthy controls (0.29 ± 0.22 ng·mL−1). Subset analysis stratified by sex revealed increased CYR61 concentrations for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in men compared with women. For male lung cancer patients versus male healthy controls, the sensitivity was 84% at a specificity of 100%, whereas for females, the sensitivity was 27% at a specificity of 99%. The determination of circulating CYR61 protein in plasma might improve the detection of lung cancer in men. The findings of this pilot study support further verification of CYR61 as a biomarker for lung cancer detection in men. Additionally, CYR61 is significantly elevated in women but sensitivity and specificity for CYR61 are too low for the improvement of the detection of lung cancer in women.
Lactate administration does not affect denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass in mice
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Kitaoka Yu , Matsunaga Yutaka , Hatta Hideo 
Published: September 2021

Lactate is considered to be a signaling molecule that induces mitochondrial adaptation and muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether lactate administration attenuates denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass. Eight‐week‐old male Institute of Cancer Research mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection surgery. The contralateral hindlimb served as a sham‐operated control. From the day of surgery, mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS or sodium lactate (equivalent to 1 g·kg−1 body weight) once daily for 9 days. After 10 days of denervation, gastrocnemius muscle weight decreased to a similar extent in both the PBS‐ and lactate‐injected groups. Denervation significantly decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity, protein content, and MCT4 protein content in the gastrocnemius muscle. However, lactate administration did not have any significant effects. The current observations suggest that daily lactate administration for 9 days does not affect denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass.
Immigrants and the politics of belonging: Learning in the shadows
Authors: Robinson Petra A. , Scott Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the United States, issues facing immigrants are fundamentally intertwined with racial justice. Through a critical, human‐rights perspective, we examine how immigrants engage with adult learning, paying particular attention to the history of immigration and policy as it frames lives often described as lived “in the shadows.” Challenges facing immigrants vary by country of origin and motivation for migration, as well as reception to the United States, their White race, and immigration status. We describe educational services and opportunities in adult and higher education for immigrant learners as well as how adult education can support immigrant incorporation. We conclude by discussing the incorporation of nontraditional, critical literacies into adult education curricula to build supportive learning environments not only for immigrant, but all adult learners.
Black queer and transgendered adult learners in the era of the Black Lives Matter movement: A call for safe spaces
Authors: Bowman Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLGBTQ contributors to civil rights movements have had to remain silent and refrain from living openly in order to be included in the fight for equality. While their artistic contributions have been noted, they have been largely excluded from past civil rights movements. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement offers new‐found hope for inclusion. BLM was founded on the principles of full inclusion of LGBTQ individuals. While this is noteworthy, it has not been without controversy because in order to embrace full inclusion, it was necessary for BLM to locate itself outside of the traditional Black church. Nevertheless, this has not negated the progress of BLM and its quest for equality. BLM's call for full inclusion challenges the field of adult education to examine its current practices and to create safe spaces for learning.
Police brutality and the militarization of Black and Brown communities: Transforming the culture of policing through education and training
Authors: Normore Anthony H. , Scott Wellington R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines police brutality and the militarization of Black and Brown communities in the United States. Specifically, we explored African Americans’ experiences with the criminal justice system by tracing the school to prison pipeline. It will document policies and practices that have historically contributed to the criminalization of Blacks. We will present the life conditions of adjudicated youth and adults in their quest for education, work, and affordable housing. It makes the case for transforming the culture of policing through anti‐racist education and training programs.
Advocating for social justice, equity, and inclusion in the workplace: An agenda for anti‐racist learning organizations
Authors: Bohonos Jeremy W. , Sisco Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmidst ongoing racist violence in the United States, this article will recognize workplace‐based efforts to act against racially motivated discrimination targeted at the Black community. More specifically, this article will examine anti‐racist initiatives in the workplace by connecting these efforts to broader discussions of human rights, organizational social justice, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Culturally responsive leadership approaches, ally development efforts, employee resource groups, and mentorship/sponsorship programs are among the leading strategies currently used by employers to resist workplace racism; and thereby, each of these initiatives will be reviewed to illustrate how they drive organizational efforts, foster anti‐racist workplace cultures, and work against antiblackness. To consider how this work can be improved, the article concludes with suggestions for how academic HRD programs can reform curriculum to prepare graduates to be drivers of organizational social justice.
Politics, policies, and a human rights agenda for racialized minorities: The role of adult education
Authors: Martin Larry G. , Apugo Danielle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs we have witnessed under the Trump Administration, policies can negatively impact adults’ livelihoods. Now more than ever, it is imperative that adult education organizations coalesce their resources and efforts to promote policies and agendas that serve our most vulnerable adult learners. This article will explore a framework to understand the historic struggle for social justice and governmental policies impacting adult education. It will also critically analyze how adult education research is poised to influence policy and how associations can partner for greater impact.
Preparing adult educators for racial justice
Authors: Isaac‐Savage E. Paulette , Merriweather Lisa R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdult educators are often seen as proponents of social justice but what does it really mean to be an advocate for racial justice in and outside the classroom? Draconian policies implemented by the Trump administration have placed additional hardships on Americans. The increasing attacks on education have clear ramifications for adults in formal and informal contexts. In this article, the authors will explore how adult educators can become not only allies for social justice but also advocates and accomplices for racial justice through curriculum, instruction, and altered perceptions. Social justice is a broad term capturing all aspects of injustice. Racial justice focuses squarely on injustices due to race and racism.
L1CAM variants cause two distinct imaging phenotypes on fetal MRI
Authors: Accogli Andrea , Goergen Stacy , Izzo Giana , Mankad Kshitij , Krajden Haratz Karina , Parazzini Cecilia , Fahey Michael , Menzies Lara , Baptista Julia , Carpineta Lucia , Tortora Domenico , Fulcheri Ezio , Gaetano Vellone Valerio , Paladini Dario , Spaccini Luigina , Toto Valentina , Trayers Claire , Ben Sira Liat , Reches Adi , Malinger Gustavo , Salpietro Vincenzo , De Marco Patrizia , Srour Myriam , Zara Federico , Capra Valeria , Rossi Andrea , Severino Mariasavina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractData on fetal MRI in L1 syndrome are scarce with relevant implications for parental counseling and surgical planning. We identified two fetal MR imaging patterns in 10 fetuses harboring L1CAM mutations: the first, observed in 9 fetuses was characterized by callosal anomalies, diencephalosynapsis, and a distinct brainstem malformation with diencephalic–mesencephalic junction dysplasia and brainstem kinking. Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, aqueductal stenosis, obstructive hydrocephalus, and pontine hypoplasia were variably associated. The second pattern observed in one fetus was characterized by callosal dysgenesis, reduced white matter, and pontine hypoplasia. The identification of these features should alert clinicians to offer a prenatal L1CAM testing.
Plasmon–Exciton Interactions: Spontaneous Emission and Strong Coupling
Authors: Wei Hong , Yan Xiaohong , Niu Yijie , Li Qiang , Jia Zhili , Xu Hongxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extraordinary optical properties of surface plasmons in metal nanostructures provide the possibilities to enhance and accelerate the spontaneous emission, and manipulate the decay and emission processes of quantum emitters. The extremely small mode volume of plasmonic nanocavities also benefits the realization of plasmon–exciton strong coupling. Here, the progress on the study of plasmon modified spontaneous emission and plasmon–exciton strong coupling are reviewed. The fundamentals of surface plasmons and quantum emitters, and the methods for assembling coupling systems of plasmonic nanostructures and quantum emitters are first introduced. Then the major aspects of plasmon modified spontaneous emission, including emission intensity, lifetime, spectral profile, direction, polarization, and energy transfer are reviewed. The coupling of quantum emitters and plasmonic waveguides is then discussed. Next, the developments of strong coupling between plasmonic structures and various quantum emitters are reviewed. Finally a few applications are highlighted followed by conclusions and outlook.
Optical Microelectromechanical Systems Technologies for Spectrally Adaptive Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Martyniuk Mariusz , Silva K. K. M. B. Dilusha , Putrino Gino , Kala Hemendra , Tripathi Dhirendra Kumar , Singh Gill Gurpreet , Faraone Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvolving from past black‐and‐white images, through present red‐green‐blue spectral colors, future remote imaging systems promise spectroscopic functionalities extending well beyond the visible wavelengths. This allows real‐time spectral information to be gathered from multiple wavelength bands that is applicable to numerous remote sensing spectroscopy/imaging applications and aids target recognition. This paper reviews the wavelength tunable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical filter technologies developed for the important infrared and the emerging terahertz wavelength bands of the electromagnetic spectrum with the fabrication effort being enabled by the Western Australian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility. A low size, weight and power (SWaP) platform solution is demonstrated delivering mechanically robust, field‐portable, spectroscopic, chem/bio sensing suitable for deployment in remote sensing and imaging applications.
Non‐Classical Electrostriction in Hydrated Acceptor Doped BaZrO3: Proton Trapping and Dopant Size Effect
Authors: Makagon Evgeniy , Kraynis Olga , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoint defects such as oxygen vacancies and protonic interstitials are not only essential for ionic conductivity in oxides since they also affect the mechanical and electromechanical properties. These properties of nominally dry and hydrated proton‐conducting BaZr0.85M0.15O2.925+δH2δ (M = Al, Ga, Sc, In, Y, Eu) ceramics are investigated. Doping decreases Young's modulus with increasing ionic radii difference between the dopant and the host. Nominally dry samples show consistently higher Young's moduli than hydrated samples. All samples exhibit large non‐classical electrostriction, with a negative electrostriction coefficient M33<0. M33 shows saturation with the field and a non‐ideal Debye relaxation with frequency. The low‐frequency M33 value for both dry and hydrated samples shows a similar dependence on dopant radius as Young's modulus. For the hydrated samples, the relaxation frequency increases by a factor >100 in the series Ga‐Y, emphasizing the importance of proton trapping, with Y‐doped samples having minimal trapping energy. This coincides with the fact that the saturation strain for Y‐doped samples is also the smallest. In light of these findings, it is concluded that the present data give strong evidence for the existence of defect‐related elastic dipoles in acceptor doped barium zirconate and that the non‐classical electrostriction originates in their reorientation under electric field.
Lighting the Path: Light Delivery Strategies to Activate Photoresponsive Biomaterials In Vivo
Authors: Pearson Samuel , Feng Jun , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotoresponsive biomaterials are experiencing a transition from in vitro models to in vivo demonstrations that point toward clinical translation. Dynamic hydrogels for cell encapsulation, light‐responsive carriers for controlled drug delivery, and nanomaterials containing photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy are relevant examples. Nonetheless, the step to the clinic largely depends on their combination with technologies to bring light into the body. This review highlights the challenge of photoactivation in vivo, and presents strategies for light management that can be adopted for this purpose. The authors’ focus is on technologies that are materials‐driven, particularly upconversion nanoparticles that assist in “direct path” light delivery through tissue, and optical waveguides that “clear the path” between external light source and in vivo target. The authors’ intention is to assist the photoresponsive biomaterials community transition toward medical technologies by presenting light delivery concepts that can be integrated with the photoresponsive targets. The authors also aim to stimulate further innovation in materials‐based light delivery platforms by highlighting needs and opportunities for in vivo photoactivation of biomaterials.