bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PACKAGE PLANNING OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE CONCEPTS
Authors: König Adrian , Telschow Daniel , Nicoletti Lorenzo , Lienkamp Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutonomous driving will not just change vehicles themselves, but also the entire concept of mobility. New business models and the expansion of individual mobility to new groups of society are merely examples of possible impact. In order to create optimal vehicles for new technologies right from the start, vehicle concept optimization helps to find suitable solutions from numerous possible variations. The package as part of a vehicle concept is currently focused on passenger cars with steering wheels and pedals. Therefore, a new method is needed to plan the package of driverless and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we present a possible method that separates the vehicle into the interior and the front and rear wagon. This way, different seating layouts can be considered and evaluated in terms of package efficiency. In the results, we check the plausibility by rebuilding a current battery electric vehicle (BEV) and, by way of example, show the variation of the gear angle and different seating layouts, and the resulting package efficiency.
PEER DESIGNERS AS STRONG INFLUENCERS ON THE DESIGN PROCESS OF FOOD STARTUPS
Authors: Jung Summer D. , Perttunen Erika , Kirjavainen Senni , Björklund Tua , Kim Sohyeong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs design research expands its horizon, there has been a recent rise in studies on nontraditional designers. Previous studies have noted the positive effect of diversity in generating ideas. Among different sources of influence, peers outside the design team have been noted for their positive impact on the design process, yet the research on this topic is still in its early stages. Using qualitative data from 40 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the American and Finnish food and beverage industries, the current study examines their interactions with other SMEs, shedding light on the influence of peers on creating new design solutions. The findings suggest that peer companies can act as a frequent and impactful source of inspiration for product design ideas. The most prevalent forms of interaction were co-creating products, sharing information, and sharing ingredients. Furthermore, the interactions were voluntary, organic, and improvisational in nature, and physical proximity or previous connections often initiated the interactions. Taken together, a great number of peer influences contributed towards creative new solutions.
PROCEDURE MODEL FOR STRUCTURED RELATIONAL MODELING OF REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS-ORIENTED DECISION MAKING
Authors: Horber Dennis , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of complex technical systems is characterized by a large number of system elements as well as their interactions. With regard to requirements management, many requirements have to be considered, which can have different relations to each other. If these requirements are used as basis for criteria in the decision making process, these relations must also be considered in the multi-criteria evaluation of product alternatives. Therefore, a computer-aided approach is presented in this paper, which allows the systematic modeling of requirement interactions focusing on multi-criteria decision making. For this purpose, basic relation types are identified, which are used to model submatrices in order to derive the Requirement Relation Matrix (RRM). Matrix-based as well as graph-based visualization methods are used for the RRM in order to improve the alternatives with the knowledge about the relational linkage. In addition, the effects of changes in requirements can be transferred to the decision making process. The approach is exemplarily applied to the extension of a test laboratory by a test bench.
PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION PROCESS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Göhlich Dietmar , Bender Beate , Fay Tu-Anh , Gericke Kilian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRequirements engineering and requirements management are essential sub-processes of product development and are an integrated part of virtually all product development models and industrial process descriptions. Proprietary and context specific processes for working with requirements are used in industrial design practice. However, these are not appropriately reflected in existing process models for product development. Existing standards describe the content and generation of requirements documents but not their integration in the product development process.The study is based on a retrospective analysis of a set of representative real-world product development projects from automotive industry and rail industry. Comparing the processes downstream the milestone “release of PRD”, it was found that subsequent processes to manage requirements and specifications do not differ much with regard to industrial context. Based on this, a model for the product requirements specification (PRS) process is proposed which addresses the gap.
PRODUCT VS. PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT II - INTEGRATED PRODUCT, PRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND JOINT DEFINITION
Authors: Stoffels Pascal , Kaspar Jerome , Vielhaber Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs product, production systems and material strongly influence each other, an integrated view on these domains offers huge potentials during development in order to adjust characteristics being mutually dependent. Considering manufacturing aspects within the design process certainly constitute a widespread approach to make sure that the products can be produced to predefined costs and quality.As product characteristics are realised through material characteristics and manufacturing processes, material aspects need to be integrated into this view. Moreover, different geometries have to be assembled in order to create particular structures, why joints devote a special attention.For this reason, a definition approach that integrates product, production systems, material plus joints and considers the ecological performance apart from the regular technical and economic aspects offers a huge potential for successful future solutions. This paper reviews relevant development approaches as well as supporting IT tools in the different domains. As a result, an extendedly integrated view is introduced and a method that supports the integrated selection of solutions regarding a technical, economic and ecological performance is introduced.
SHAPING METHOD ECOSYSTEMS - STRUCTURED IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Inkermann David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSystems thinking is vital for engineering of nowadays systems characterized by system spanning interactions and an incresing amount of functions. Systems Engineering (SE) represents an interdisciplinary approach, gaining extensive attention to cope with increasing system complexity. Implementation of SE in existing organizations and processes, however, is facing challenges. As a matter of course there is not out of the box concept to be used, in fact definitions and understandings seem to be based on the background and experience of the individual or organization und differ widely. Thus, motivations and expectations of practitioner are manifold and support to adapte and implement SE-methodolgies is needed. Research presented in this contribution picks up the need to provide orientation for individuals, engineering teams and project managers when implementing SE and to address the specific context in that engineering is carried out. Objective is to describe the core idea of SE by a consistent set of principles. This set is used to build up a context specific understanding of SE as a foundation to introduce new methods and procedures in existing method ecosystems.
SHIFTING FROM BLENDED TO ONLINE LEARNING: STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Polat E. , Van Dam S.S. , Bakker C.A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 outbreak forced many universities across the world to transition from a traditional or blended format to fully online education. This paper presents a case study on the transition to an online education format for a circular design course. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a survey with 26 students and interviews with six course teachers. The findings revealed that students preferred the on-campus versions over the online course components. They indicated the perceived lack of motivation, lack of sense of community, and a high workload as influencing factors. Teachers indicated the lack of connection with students as a drawback to online education but identified advantages to their teaching and the student’s learning experience. Suggestions for addressing an optimal blended course format are provided.
SIMULATION OF FEEDBACK LOOPS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Tapia Francisco , McKay Alison , Robinson Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFeedback loops are a key characteristic of engineering design processes that increase complexity, time to market, and costs. However, some feedback loops, due to design iteration, have a positive impact on design outcomes (i.e., the quality of the final design), so are worth the time and costs incurred. Other loops, resulting from rework, also have a positive impact on the final design but their impact on current projects, in terms of their urgency and so interruption, is high. Thus, overall, and drawing on socio-technical systems literature, some feedback loops are virtuous circles with a positive impact whereas others are vicious circles with a negative impact. In this paper, we report early work exploring these interplays between rework and design iteration through the development of process simulation models.
STRUCTURE SHARING AND MULTI-MODE INTEGRATION IN SUCCESSFUL DESIGNS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Venkataraman Srinivasan , Singh Vishal , Tilak Tejas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructure sharing (SS) and multi-mode integration (MMI) are types of sharing in designs that help in resource effectiveness. This research explores their prevalence in successful designs. To do this: (a) 5 award-winning designs from International Design Excellence Awards are chosen, information of these designs is used to construct their Function-Means Tree and this is used to check whether they exhibit SS or MMI, and (b) 250+ award-winning designs are examined via a longitudinal study to check whether they exhibit SS or MMI. The following observations are made: (a) both SS and MMI are seen at systemic and sub-systemic levels, (b) both SS and MMI are and can be present in designs and (c) close to 35% of 250+ designs examined exhibited SS or MMI. These are fundamental insights, have not been reported earlier and build on the existing work on SS and MMI.
STRUCTURING HUMAN AUGMENTATION WITHIN PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: De Boeck Muriel , Vaes Kristof 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman augmentation is a thriving research field that aims to amplify human abilities through the development of technological improvements as an integral part of the human body. Human augmentation products may be made for anyone, ranging from healthy users wanting to enhance their human abilities to users who face temporary or permanent disabilities, physical impairments, or perilous situations that oblige them to use these products.This article attempts to introduce readers to the domain of human augmentation by providing a thorough formulation of the concept and its related terms to develop a more solid structural basis. Additionally, a categorical and dimensional classification of the field was given. Based on these findings, we then proposed a novel framework in the form of a diagrammatic presentation of both classifications, which could enable product designers to better understand and characterize the type of human augmentation product they are designing by determining its location in the diagram. Finally, the proposed framework was evaluated by introducing and classifying several significant human augmentation products most of which have proven to successfully exceed human abilities.
SUGGESTIONS FOR BEHAVIOR-INTERVENTION DESIGN PRACTITIONERS: FROM BEHAVIOR CHANGE MOTIVATIONS FOR CHINESE AGED 18 TO 25
Authors: Yin Yuan , Yu Yurong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing applications to change behaviors is a popular trend in recent years as mobiles are the easiest recording medium for users. However, few users can keep the behavior change for a long time. The aim of this study is to investigate motivations of keeping an application-tracked behavior change to provide effective and promote effective and targeted suggestions for application-tracked behavior intervention design practitioners and researchers. A 28-day self-report experiment and following “focus group” discussion have been conducted to detect the possible motivations. The results indicated 8 motivations which can affect maintaining behavior change: cooperation, competition, award, reminder and alarm, trust and willingness, relation with disease information and unplanned events. In addition, the results explore some motivations from negative data in applications or the cheating for good performance data behavior. At the same time, the study suggested the functions needed in future behavior change applications.
SUPPORT FOR MANAGING PARTLY CONFIGURABLE MODULAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Pakkanen Jarkko , Heikkinen Teuvo , Adlin Nillo , Lehtonen Timo , Mämmelä Janne , Juuti Tero 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper studies what kind of support could be applied to the management of partly configurable modular systems. The main tasks of product management, product portfolio management and product variety management are defined. In addition, a partly configurable product structure and modular system are defined. Because the limited support in the literature for managing partly configurable modular systems, the article reviews previous product development cases in which authors have been involved on lessons learnt basis, i.e., if the methods and tools used in the cases could provide support for the research objective. As a result, the existing definition of the modular system should be extended by the concepts of non-module and design decision sequence description when dealing with partly configurable modular systems. This is because engineer-to-order should be made possible in cases where it brings clear added value to the customer compared to completely pre-defined solutions that may limit the customer's interest in the offering. Tools to assess the impact of changes to the product offering are required. These should be taken into account in frameworks that are used in method and tool development.
SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS LIFECYCLE ENGINEERING APPROACH INTEGRATING SMART PRODUCT AND SERVICE ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Forte Sven , Göbel Jens Christian , Dickopf Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the increasing smartization of products and the ecosystems in which they are typically embedded, holistic considerations of future value-added systems are becoming increasingly important. This also determines fundamentally new challenges for the engineering of the future's smart Products. In order to be able to address the increasingly fuzzy system boundaries associated with this, this contribution introduces a System of Systems Engineering Lifecycle Concept considering smart products and services as core components of connected System of Systems ecosystems. Main characteristics of smart products and system of systems are discussed and in a real existing scenario of a sustainable landfill the presented System of Systems Engineering Lifecycle Concept is used as a System of Systems Framework for the given Use-Case.
THE CHALLENGING COMBINATION OF AGILITY AND CONVERGENCE IN HYBRID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF STANFORD'S ME310 PROCESS MODEL
Authors: Koppenhagen Frank , Blümel Tim , Held Tobias , Wecht Christoph , Kollmer Paul Davin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombining agility and convergence in the development of physical products is a major challenge. Rooted in a design thinking approach, Stanford's ME310 process model attempts to resolve the conflicting priorities of these two design principles. To investigate how successful Stanford's hybrid process model is in doing so, we have used a qualitative case study approach. Our paper begins by outlining this process model's fundamental principles in terms of engineering design methodology. Subsequently, we present the results of our empirical analysis, which tracks the coevolution of problem and solution space by meticulously examining all prototype paths in ten of Stanford's ME310 student projects. We have discovered that convergence during solution finding does not correspond to the process model's theoretical specifications. Even in the phase of the final prototype, both the technical concept and the underlying problem formulation changed frequently. Further research should focus on combining the prototype-based ME310 approach with methods from systems engineering which allow for a more comprehensive theoretical exploration of the solution space. This could lead to improved convergence during solution development.
THE IMPACT OF DATA ON THE ROLE OF DESIGNERS AND THEIR PROCESS
Authors: Lu Jiahao , Gomez Ortega Alejandra , Gonçalves Milene , Bourgeois Jacky 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the advance of the Internet and the Internet of Things, an abundance of 'big' data becomes available. Data science can be incorporated in design, which brings forward various opportunities for designers to benefit from this new material. However, the designer's perspective and their role remains unclear. How do they think about and approach data? What do they want to achieve with this data? What do they need to take ownership of designing with data? In this paper we take a design perspective to map the opportunities and challenges of leveraging large data-sets as part of the design process. We rely on a survey with 75 participants across a Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering and in-depth reflective interviews with a subset of 9 participants. We discuss the impact of data on the roles designers can adopt as well as an approach to designing with data. This work aims to inform on educational support, data literacy and tools needed for designers to take advantage of this new era of design digitalisation.
THE PERSPECTIVES OF CLINICIANS ON ENRICHING PATIENT EXPERIENCES IN A CLINICAL CONTEXT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Abela Edward , Farrugia Philip , Gauci Maria Victoria , Balzan Emanuel , Vella Pierre , Cassar Glenn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the viewpoint of clinicians in a healthcare setting is a vital task to comprehend the success of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation. Addressing user experience is an essential activity which designers undertake when formulating product specifications at the early stages of product design. The involvement of clinicians during the product use-phase influences the progress and achievements attained by the patients throughout their rehabilitation journey. Several clinicians (n=16) were asked to participate in a qualitative study to evaluate the performance of different personae in activities of daily living. The experiences of patients who use rehabilitation products as part of their therapy session at the clinic were evaluated. Based on this evaluation, a set of clinician requirements were formulated to reflect the overall experience when using rehabilitation products. Understanding these requirements brought about several implications to be considered during the design cycle. Through these considerations and by adopting a user-centred design approach, designers are in a better position to design innovative products targeted at providing a high-quality user experience which increases customer satisfaction.
THE POWER OF HABITS: EVALUATION OF A MOBILE HEALTH SOLUTION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NARCOLEPSY
Authors: Staszak Wiktoria , de Paula Danielly , Uebernickel Falk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMobile health, or mHealth, solutions offer great potential in the area of self-monitoring of chronic conditions, where most of the day-to-day management of the condition is done at home by the patient or their caregivers. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep condition caused by an orexin deficiency in the brain resulting in its inability to regulate sleep cycles, causing poor quality sleep during the day and problems with wakefulness during the day. This paper set out to investigate whether Habitual, an app for tracking symptoms, daily habits and medication adherence for people with narcolepsy could increase their sense of empowerment. Ten participants were asked to test the app during a period of 30 days, after which they were asked to answer a survey to investigate whether their perception of their empowerment towards the management of narcolepsy had changed. Although using the app for only 30 days provides a very limited understanding of the impact of Habitual, this study shows positive indication for future mHealth solutions for the management of narcolepsy. Future studies should test the openness to using an app for the management of narcolepsy with a wider cohort.
THREAD ROLLING REPAIR METHOD FOR 3D PRINTED BOLTS
Authors: Katzwinkel Tim , Mohammad Esanula , Silberkuhl Philipp , Löwer Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin this paper, a new method for the quality refinement of external metric standard threads on 3Dprinted bolts is presented. The repair method is based on the application of thread rolling technology, which is applied in terms of cold forming after the regular printing has been finished. The explorative study proves, that the investigated technology has a good potential to solve known precision issues in FDM 3D printing regarding the required accuracy for function fulfilling standardized threads. The application of thread rolling can be done manually and with minimal tool effort, which makes the technology particularly attractive for low cost applications.
TWO-LEVEL OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCT FAMILIES: APPLICATION TO A PRODUCT FAMILY OF WATER HOSE BOXES
Authors: Rötzer Sebastian , Le Bourgeois Martin , Thoma Dominik , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncreasing product complexity and individual customer requirements make the design of optimal product families difficult. Numerical optimization supports optimal design but must deal with the following challenges: many design variables, non-linear or discrete dependencies, and many possibilities of assigning shared components to products. Existing approaches use simplifications to alleviate those challenges. However, for use in industrial practice, they often use irrelevant commonality metrics, do not rely on the actual design variables of the product, or are unable to treat discrete variables. We present a two-level approach: (1) a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the best commonality scheme (i.e., assignment scheme of shared components to products) and (2) a particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the design variables for one specific commonality scheme. It measures total cost, comprising manufacturing costs, economies of scales and complexity costs. The approach was applied to a product family consisting of five water hose boxes, each of them being subject to individual technical requirements. The results are discussed in the context of the product family design process.