bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after negative fecal immunochemical tests by age 70: A prospective observational study
Authors: Zorzi Manuel , Battagello Jessica , Fiore Anna Rita , Memo Laura , Senore Carlo , Rugge Massimo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimited endoscopy capacity usually represents the main barrier to the extension of screening to subjects older than 70, given the high positivity rate in this age group. We assessed CRC incidence and mortality by number of previous negative fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) among subjects turning 70. We selected persons aged 70 years who had received their last screening invitation when they were 68 or 69 years old within the population‐based screening program in the Veneto region of Italy. Subjects with a positive FIT were excluded. We calculated 10‐year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality in cohorts of subjects having performed zero, one, two or three negative FITs over the last three screening rounds before turning 70. Out of 117 858 subjects included in the study (46.4% men), 33.7% had never participated in screening (zero negative FITs), 23.3% had had one‐negative FIT, 20.1% two‐negative FITs and 22.9% three negative FITs. The 10‐year cumulative CRC incidence was 29.7 per 1000 subjects with zero FITs, and respectively, 14.5, 11.7 and 9.6 per 1000 subjects with one, two and three negative FITs. The corresponding figures for 10‐year cumulative mortality were 9.3, 3.5, 2.2 and 2.1 per 1000 in the four study cohorts. Figures were roughly double for men than for women for all the study cohorts. In order to use more efficiently limited endoscopy resources, and to minimize the potential harms related to false positive results in the elderly, screening among people aged 70 to 74 might be restricted to those with zero previous negative FITs.
A systematic review of biomarkers associated with maternal infection in pregnant and postpartum women
Authors: Oben Ayamo G. , Johnson Brittany M. , Tita Alan T. N. , Andrews William W. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Subramaniam Akila , Sinkey Rachel G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum biomarkers are commonly used to support the diagnosis of infection in non‐pregnant patients whose clinical presentation suggests infection. The utility of serum biomarkers for infection in pregnant and postpartum women is uncertain.Search strategyPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to February 2020.Selection criteriaFull‐text manuscripts in English were included if they reported the measurement of maternal serum biomarkers—and included a control group—to identify infection in pregnant and postpartum women. Data collection and analysis: two authors independently screened manuscripts, extracted data, and assessed methodologic quality.Main resultsInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, calgranulin B, neopterin, and interferon‐γ inducible protein 10 reliably indicated infection. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, soluble IL‐6 receptor, and IL‐8 were not useful markers in pregnant and postpartum women.ConclusionsFindings suggest that certain biomarkers have diagnostic value when maternal infection is suspected, but also confirms limitations in this population.
Techno‐economic feasibility of year‐round use of drip irrigation in a rice‐ based cropping system*
Authors: Panigrahi Pravukalyan , Panda Rabindra Kumar , Rautaray Sachin Kanta , Raychaudhury Sachidulal , Thakur Amod Kumar , Mishra Atmaram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe water use, yield and profitability in three cropping sequences (rice–capsicum–baby corn, rice–rice–baby corn and rice–rice) grown under a drip irrigation (DRI) layout were compared with that in a rice–rice system under surface irrigation (SI) in a rice‐dominated region of eastern India. The DRI could save 37% of irrigation water without affecting the yield in rice compared with SI. The DRI in the rice–capsicum–baby corn cropping system produced 4.63 times higher yield (rice equivalent yield, 48.2 t ha‾¹) using 59% less water (7570 m3 ha‾¹), resulting in 11 times higher water productivity (8.72 kg rice m‾3 water), 7.63 times higher annual net income (NI) (435 000 INR ha‾¹) and 18 times higher economic water productivity (EWP) (INR 78.7 m‾3 water) with a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 2.87 compared with the rice–rice cropping system under SI. Use of DRI in a multi‐cropping sequence is recommended for higher water productivity and net profit in rice‐based cropping systems in irrigated commands.
Ex‐vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy with digital staining for characterizing basal cell carcinoma on frozen sections: A comparison with histology
Authors: Ruini Cristel , Vladimirova Gabriela , Kendziora Benjamin , Salzer Suzanna , Ergun Ecem , Sattler Elke , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEx‐vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) has been used on fresh tissue, but there is little experience on frozen sections. We evaluated the applicability of FCM on frozen sections of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), stained with acridine orange and digitally colored to simulate hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) dyes. We compared our diagnostic accuracy in detecting and subtyping BCCs with FCM to our gold standard (H&E stained frozen sections used in 3D horizontal micrographic surgery). Fourty‐six primary BCCs were analyzed for free margins as well as histological subtype with all FCM modes and conventional H&E staining. Adnexa, artifacts and diagnostic confidence were evaluated. Free margins were identified with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 91%. Concordance for tumor subtype was 88%. FCM may be used on both fresh tissue and frozen samples, although with reduced performance and different artifacts. The device is useful for the intraoperative diagnosis, subtyping and margin‐mapping of BCCs.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes after surgical treatment of atypical femur fractures: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Spanyer Jonathon , Barber Lauren A. , Lands Harrison , Brown Alexander , Bouxsein Mary , Heng Marilyn , Yakkanti Madhusudhan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes for surgically‐treated atypical femur fractures (AFFs) compared to typical femoral diaphyseal fractures. Two large trauma center databases were retrospectively queried for surgically‐treated femur fractures. Fractures were grouped into AFFs and compared to a control cohort. Controls for the AFF group included women with diaphyseal fractures without additional AFF characteristics. Patients were contacted for administration of the Short Form‐36v2 Health Survey. Surveys were completed an average of 30.3 months (range, 6–138 months) and 25.5 months (range, 5–77 months) postoperatively for the AFF and non‐AFF groups, respectively. All patients were female, with 46 patients in the AFF and 26 patients in the non‐AFF group. The average age of the AFF group was 70.1 years compared with an average age of 67.4 years in the non‐AFF group (p = 0.287). Over 90% (91.3%) of patients in the AFF group had a history of bisphosphonate use while 26.9% of patients in the non‐AFF group had used bisphosphonates (p < 0.0001). Patients with AFF reported their postoperative physical and mental health to be no different than similarly aged patients with femoral diaphyseal fractures, as measured by the Short Form 36, version 2 (SF‐36v2) Health Survey. These data suggest that mid‐term patient‐reported quality of life outcomes are similar among women who sustain an AFF compared to a cohort of more typical femoral diaphyseal fractures. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An integrated virtual screening and drug repurposing strategy for the discovery of new antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase
Authors: Verma Kanika , Lahariya Ayush K. , Dubey Shivangee , Verma Anil K. , Das Aparup , Schneider Kristan A. , Bharti Praveen K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emergence and spread of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing the most severe form of human malaria, is a major threat to malaria control and elimination programs around the globe. With P. falciparum having evolved widespread resistance against a number of previously widely used drugs, currently, artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are the cornerstones of first‐line treatments of uncomplicated malaria. However, growing incidences of ART failure reflect the spread of ART‐resistant P. falciparum strains. Despite current efforts to understand the primary cause of ART resistance due to mutations in the Kelch 13 gene (PfK13), the mechanism underlying ART resistance is still not completely unclear and no feasible strategies to counteract the causes and thereby restoring the efficiency of ART have been developed. We use a polypharmacology approach to identify potential drugs that can be used for the novel purpose (target). Of note, we have designed a multimodal stratagem to identify approved drugs with a potential antimalarial activity using computational drug reprofiling. Our investigations suggest that oxetacaine, simvastatin, repaglinide, aclidinium, propafenone, and lovastatin could be repurposed for malaria control and prevention.
Exploring the quality of protein structural models from a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Arroyuelo Agustina , Vila Jorge A. , Martin Osvaldo A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explore how ideas and practices common in Bayesian modeling can be applied to help assess the quality of 3D protein structural models. The basic premise of our approach is that the evaluation of a Bayesian statistical model's fit may reveal aspects of the quality of a structure when the fitted data is related to protein structural properties. Therefore, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model to experimental and theoretical 13Cα chemical shifts. Then, we propose two complementary approaches for the evaluation of such fitting: (a) in terms of the expected differences between experimental and posterior predicted values; (b) in terms of the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation point‐wise predictive accuracy. Finally, we present visualizations that can help interpret these evaluations. The analyses presented in this article are aimed to aid in detecting problematic residues in protein structures. The code developed for this work is available on: https://github.com/BIOS-IMASL/Hierarchical-Bayes-NMR-Validation.
MgSO4‐(NH4)2SO4‐NH3·H2O system mineralizing CO2 for preparation of MgCO3·3H2O whiskers
Authors: Miao Yumin , Lu Shuangqiang , Liu Zhongqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCO2 mineralization is conducted through injecting simulated flue gas into MgSO4‐(NH4)2SO4‐NH3·H2O. The MgCO3·3H2O whiskers are prepared by adjusting reaction conditions, including mineralization pH, reaction temperature, and amount of ammonia. The chemical component and morphology of the product are analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analyzer. The study demonstrates that at 50°C, pH 9, 0.08 L/min CO2 flow rate, and a simulated flue gas containing 20% CO2, MgCO3·3H2O whiskers of 99% purity are synthesized. The whiskers have a length of 15–20 μm with an aspect ratio of 18. At ammonia usage of 25 ml, the Mg2+ conversion rate is 70%.
Validation of the Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: So Christine J. , Kim Jinu , Cifre Anthony B. , Gonzalez Rogelio D. , Bower Joanne L. , Alfano Candice A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented disruption to everyday life, including widespread social distancing and self‐quarantining aimed at reducing the virus spread. The Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) is a measure developed to assess psychological health during extended periods of isolation and confinement, and has shown strong psychometric properties in community samples and during Antarctic missions. This study validated the MHCL in a sample of 359 U.S. and U.K adults during the peak of the COVID‐19 lockdown. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested model fit, and convergent validity analyses were conducted to compare the MHCL with validated measures of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as insomnia. The MHCL exhibited good model fit for most CFA indices, and showed strong convergent validity with other measures of psychological well‐being. Findings suggest that the MHCL is useful for assessing mental health in a variety of environments and conditions.
Combining participatory action research and emerging ways of collective action to promote institutional change toward social commitment: Groundings, strategies, and implications of an experience
Authors: López Jorge S. , Soria‐Oliver María , Aramayona Begoña , García‐Sánchez Rubén , Martín María J. , Martínez José M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThis study reports the foundations, strategies, and results of an institutional change experience based on the combination of participatory‐action‐research and new currents of collective mobilization and political participation. It aimed to achieve the institution's greater social commitment and a more participatory and transparent management.MethodsThe process took place in a Spanish public university and was promoted and coordinated by a Work Group that emerged from grassroots university community. Collective diagnosis was performed through face‐to‐face strategies (global, sectorial, and faculty meetings) and virtual tools (web‐blog, on‐line surveys, shared documents). Collective action combined nonformal with formal institutional participation and applied hybrid activism, self‐organization in horizontal structures and integrative conflict management.ResultsA sequential process of diagnosis, collective action, and negotiation was implemented. As a result, the university Governing Team, representatives from different sectors and members of the Work Group worked jointly to define several institutional actions that were thereafter launched. Those actions aimed to improve institutional participation and transparency, and greater institutional social commitment.ConclusionThe combination of participatory‐action‐research and new ways of collective action can be an excellent tool to draw institutions towards greater social engagement, thus contributing to sustainable social change. A model to guide institutional change is drafted.
Concordance of Exposure Changes Because of Renal Impairment Between Results of Dedicated Renal Impairment Studies and Population Pharmacokinetic Predictions
Authors: Ahmed Mariam A. , Kalaria Shamir N. , Younis Islam R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis analysis compared the results from noncompartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) predictions of exposure changes in patients with renal impairment (RI) for 27 new molecular entities (NMEs) approved between 2000 and 2015. Renal function was identified as a covariate in the final PopPK model for 17 NMEs. The final PopPK model was used to simulate (n  =  1000 replicates/individual) the results of a dedicated PK study in subjects with renal impairment. For the majority of NMEs, concordance between observed, and predicted area under the curve (AUC) geometric mean ratio (GMR) was observed (ie, in 17, 11, and 11 NMEs for mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment groups, respectively, the observed and predicted AUC GMR were within the same fold of change). Inclusion of colinear covariates in the PopPK model appeared to be the major driver for the NMEs for which there was discordance. PopPK, when done properly, is a valuable tool for supporting labeling recommendations for subjects with renal impairment.
Influence of post‐application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide fate on a United States Golf Association golf course putting green
Authors: Stephens Cameron M. , Kerns James P. , Ahmed Khalied A. , Gannon Travis W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFungicides are routinely applied to golf course putting greens throughout the growing season. Gaining a better understanding of fungicide fate can improve fungicide use and stewardship. Therefore, optimizing fungicide applications with post‐application management practices may enhance fungicide movement and limit potential off‐target effects. Two field studies were initiated on a golf course putting green to evaluate the influence of post‐fungicide application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide movement into the soil profile and removal in turfgrass clippings. Plots were treated with a single application of either pyraclostrobin, triadimefon, or penthiopyrad and received 0.64 cm post‐application irrigation immediately or 6 h after application or received no post‐application irrigation. Clippings were collected 0, 1, and 3 d after treatment (DAT). Cores were harvested 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 DAT and dissected into the remaining aboveground vegetation (RAV; verdure/thatch; 0‐to‐2.5‐, 2.5‐to‐5.1‐, and 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm soil subsections). A small amount of fungicide (<3.6%) was removed with clippings regardless of mowing and irrigation treatment. Post‐application irrigation treatment influenced fungicide movement; however, >50% of fungicide remained restricted to the RAV for the first 3 DAT. Less fungicide remained restricted to the RAV, and more fungicide was detected in deeper soil depths when plots were irrigated immediately after application. Fungicide was only detected at the 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm depth when plots were irrigated immediately. Applying post‐application irrigation immediately may result in more fungicide moving down to soilborne targets. Irrigating 6 h after application facilitated moderate fungicide movement compared with irrigating immediately but was better than no post‐application irrigation.
Outcome, diagnosis, and microbiological profile comparison of community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wakabayashi Takao , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough bacteremia is one of the most pressing situation in the field of hospital medicine, little is known about the differences between community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacteremia (CAB and HAB, respectively).MethodsObjective is to know the epidemiologic characteristics of CAB and HAB. Study design is a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Participants were all patients over the age of 16 years who were blood cultures positive at single acute care hospital from April 2013 to March 2018. HAB was defined as positive culture acquired at least 48 h after admission or blood culture‐positive patients transferred from other hospital. The primary outcome was 30 day mortality, and the secondary outcome was 1 year mortality. We compared the primary and secondary outcomes between HAB and CAB using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThere were 325 participants in this study. The number of patients with CAB was 189 (58.1%). HAB was associated with a higher 30 day mortality rate than CAB (n = 31, 22.8% vs. n = 9, 4.8%, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–6.53, p < 0.05). In the secondary outcome, HAB was also associated with a higher 1 year mortality rate (n = 61/110, 55.5% vs. n = 32/143, 22.4%, AOR 2.27; 95% CI: 1.12–4.58).ConclusionsOur study showed that HAB was associated with higher mortality than CAB in 30 day mortality and in 1 yr mortality. Thus, we confirmed that HAB is distinct from CAB concerning the differences of outcomes.
Long noncoding RNA AC092155 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells through the miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis
Authors: Sun Jingchuan , Zhang Fan , Luo Xi , Shi Guodong , Li Fudong , Zheng Bing , Guo Yongfei , Shi Jiangang , Li Lintao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) induce osteogenesis in adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNAs AC092155 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.MethodsMicroRNA (miRNA) and lncRNA sequencing were performed in ADSCs that underwent normal or osteogenic induction. Differentially expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs were identified using R software. The relative expression levels of lncRNA AC092155, miR‐143‐3p, and STMN1 during the process of osteogenic induction were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). ADSCs were then transfected with agomiR‐143‐3p and pcDNA3.1‐sh‐lncRNA AC092155. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to confirm the regulatory function of the lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.ResultslncRNA AC092155 was significantly upregulated in ADSCs following induction in the osteogenic medium. lncRNA AC092155 and STMN1 mimics increase the markers of osteogenic differentiation in the early and late phases, which was reflected in increased ALP activity as well as the higher deposition of calcium nodules. An miR‐143‐3p mimic showed the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter gene analysis demonstrated that lncRNA AC092155 directly targets miR‐143‐3p. Moreover, the lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 regulatory axis was found to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.ConclusionslncRNA AC092155 contributes to the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis may be a new therapeutic target for bone‐related diseases.
Inborn disorders of the malate aspartate shuttle
Authors: Broeks Melissa H. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Jans Judith J. M. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last few years, various inborn disorders have been reported in the malate aspartate shuttle (MAS). The MAS consists of four metabolic enzymes and two transporters, one of them having two isoforms that are expressed in different tissues. Together they form a biochemical pathway that shuttles electrons from the cytosol into mitochondria, as the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to the electron carrier NADH. By shuttling NADH across the mitochondrial membrane in the form of a reduced metabolite (malate), the MAS plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration. In addition, the MAS maintains the cytosolic NAD+/NADH redox balance, by using redox reactions for the transfer of electrons. This explains why the MAS is also important in sustaining cytosolic redox‐dependent metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and serine biosynthesis. The current review provides insights into the clinical and biochemical characteristics of MAS deficiencies. To date, five out of seven potential MAS deficiencies have been reported. Most of them present with a clinical phenotype of infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Although not specific, biochemical characteristics include high lactate, high glycerol 3‐phosphate, a disturbed redox balance, TCA abnormalities, high ammonia, and low serine, which may be helpful in reaching a diagnosis in patients with an infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Current implications for treatment include a ketogenic diet, as well as serine and vitamin B6 supplementation.