bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo stabilization of endogenous chloroplast RNAs by customized artificial pentatricopeptide repeat proteins
Authors: Manavski Nikolay , Mathieu Sébastien , Rojas Margarita , Méteignier Louis-Valentin , Brachmann Andreas , Barkan Alice , Hammani Kamel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are helical repeat-proteins that bind RNA in a modular fashion with a sequence-specificity that can be manipulated by the use of an amino acid code. As such, PPR repeats are promising scaffolds for the design of RNA binding proteins for synthetic biology applications. However, the in vivo functional capabilities of artificial PPR proteins built from consensus PPR motifs are just starting to be explored. Here, we report in vivo functions of an artificial PPR protein, dPPRrbcL, made of consensus PPR motifs that were designed to bind a sequence near the 5′ end of rbcL transcripts in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. We used a functional complementation assay to demonstrate that this protein bound its intended RNA target with specificity in vivo and that it substituted for a natural PPR protein by stabilizing processed rbcL mRNA. We targeted a second protein of analogous design to the petL 5′ UTR, where it substituted for the native stabilizing PPR protein PGR3, albeit inefficiently. These results showed that artificial PPR proteins can be engineered to functionally mimic the class of native PPR proteins that serve as physical barriers against exoribonucleases.
Endotrophin, a collagen type VI-derived matrikine, reflects the degree of renal fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy and in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Sparding Nadja , Genovese Federica , Rasmussen Daniel Guldager Kring , Karsdal Morten Asser , Neprasova Michaela , Maixnerova Dita , Satrapova Veronika , Frausova Doubravka , Hornum Mads , Bartonova Lenka , Honsova Eva , Kollar Marek , Koprivova Helena , Hruskova Zdenka , Tesar Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is characterized by an imbalanced extracellular matrix remodelling. Endotrophin (ETP) is a signalling molecule released from collagen type VI (COL VI). ETP can be measured by the PRO-C6 assay, which quantifies the levels of COL VI formation. ETP levels were previously associated with mortality and disease progression in patients with CKD. We hypothesized that serum and urinary ETP levels correlate with the degree of interstitial fibrosis in kidney biopsies from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsWe examined a cohort of 49 IgAN and 47 AAV patients. A validation cohort of 85 IgAN patients was included. ETP was measured in serum (S-ETP) and urine (U-ETP/Cr) samples, taken on the same day before renal biopsy was performed, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay PRO-C6. The biopsies were evaluated for interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy according to the Banff and MEST-C scores.ResultsS-ETP and U-ETP/Cr levels correlated with kidney function, increased CKD severity, correlated with the extent of interstitial fibrosis and gradually increased with increasing degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. ETP outperformed the known fibrosis biomarker Dickkopf-3 for discrimination of patients with high fibrotic burden. The association of S-ETP and U-ETP/Cr with the level of kidney fibrosis was confirmed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that high levels of circulating and excreted ETP are not only indicative of lower kidney function, but also reflect the burden of fibrosis in the kidneys.
Atomically precise metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters: frameworks to molecules, and structure to function
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui , Wu Tao 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters (MCSCs) are of significance for developing crystalline porous framework materials and atomically precise cluster chemistry. Early research interest focused on the synthetic and structural chemistry of MCSC-based porous semiconductor materials with different cluster sizes/compositions and their applications in adsorption-based separation and optoelectronics. More recently, focus has shifted to the cluster chemistry of MCSCs to establish atomically precise structure–composition–property relationships, which are critical for regulating the properties and expanding the applications of MCSCs. Importantly, MCSCs are similar to II–VI or I–III–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (also called quantum dots, QDs) but avoid their inherent size polydispersity and structural ambiguity. Thus, discrete MCSCs, especially those that are solution-processable, could provide models for understanding various issues that cannot be easily clarified using QDs. This review covers three decades of efforts on MCSCs, including advancements in MCSC-based open frameworks (reticular chemistry), the precise structure–property relationships of MCSCs (cluster chemistry), and the functionalization and applications of MCSC-based microcrystals. An outlook on remaining problems to be solved and future trends is also presented.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: an uncommon cause of esophageal stricture
Authors: Figueredo Carlos , Boroda Konstantin , Hertan Hilary 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) encompasses a wide spectrum of rare diseases with a common genetic origin transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. Mild forms of non-inflammatory EBA are characterized by skin lesions and have gained great relevance in the literature. However, resistant inflammatory EBA with widespread mucosal involvement remains a rare entity given its low prevalence. It commonly represents a great burden for the patient’s quality of life with most cases being resistant to different therapeutic modalities. We present a case of resistant inflammatory EBA with esophageal strictures that improved after therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab.
A challenging case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy presenting as fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Hosseini Leila , Mozzaffari Kambiz , Zadehbagheri Fatemeh , Rezaeian Nahid 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is known as a primary genetic heart disease that leading to the myocardial deposition of fibrofatty tissue in right ventricular (RV) wall. Sometimes, it occurs in the left ventricular (LV) subepicardial wall.
This study introduces a child referred to our hospital with influenza-like symptoms and ventricular tachyarrhythmia, followed by cardiac failure. However, in our subsequent evaluation, there was evidence of severe LV and RV dysfunction based on the echocardiography. Moreover, cardiac magnetic resonance showed not only the major criteria of ARVC but also those of Lake Luise seen in myocarditis. Regarding the deteriorating condition during the hospital course, he was later scheduled for heart transplantation.
Finally, the histopathological study of explanted heart revealed RV myocyte atrophy with the infiltration of fibrofatty tissue in myocardium diagnostic of ARVC, resolving dilemma between ARVC and myocarditis.
Sertraline as a rare cause of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Lepore Mario , Campbell Niall 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is commonly prescribed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. We report a case of a 36-year-old male taking sertraline for 7 weeks prior to developing a dry cough, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxia and diffuse ground-glass attenuation with mediastinal lymphadenopathy on imaging. No infectious aetiology was identified and multiple causes of pneumonitis excluded. Sertraline-induced interstitial lung disease was subsequently diagnosed. Sertraline was discontinued and treatment commenced with a weaning course of oral dexamethasone, leading to a rapid reduction in oxygen requirement and successful discharge. Given the increasing prevalence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use, it is vital that medical professionals can recognize sertraline as a rare, albeit potentially life-threatening, cause of interstitial lung disease—allowing for the rapid diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition.
Non-IgE-mediated food allergy: Evaluation and management
Authors: Abrams Elissa M , Hildebrand Kyla J , Chan Edmond S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most common types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy are food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). FPIES presents with delayed refractory emesis, while FPIAP presents with hematochezia in otherwise healthy infants. Acute management of FPIES includes rehydration or ondansetron, or both. No acute management is required for FPIAP. Long-term management of both disorders includes avoidance of the trigger food. The prognosis for both conditions is a high rate of resolution within a few years’ time.
Customizing CAT Administration of the PROMIS Misuse of Prescription Pain Medication Item Bank for Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: You Dokyoung S , Cook Karon F , Domingue Benjamin W , Ziadni Maisa S , Hah Jennifer M , Darnall Beth D , Mackey Sean C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The 22-item PROMIS®-Rx Pain Medication Misuse item bank (Bank-22) imposes a high response burden. This study aimed to characterize the performance of the Bank-22 in a computer adaptive testing (CAT) setting based on varied stopping rules.

Methods
The 22 items were administered to 288 patients. We performed a CAT simulation using default stopping rules (CATPROMIS). In 5 other simulations, a “best health” response rule was added to decrease response burden. This rule stopped CAT administration when a participant selected “never” to a specified number of initial Bank-22 items (2–6 in this study, designated CATAlt2-Alt6). The Bank-22 and 7-item short form (SF-7) scores were compared to scores based on CATPROMIS, and the 5 CAT variations.

Results
Bank-22 scores correlated highly with the SF-7 and CATPROMIS, Alt5, Alt6 scores (r=0.87–0.95) and moderately with CATAlt2- Alt4 scores (r=0.63–0.74). In all CAT conditions, the greatest differences with Bank-22 scores were at the lower end of misuse T-scores. The smallest differences with Bank-22 and CATPROMIS scores were observed with CATAlt5 and CATAlt6. Compared to the SF-7, CATAlt5 and CATAlt6 reduced overall response burden by about 42%. Finally, the correlations between PROMIS-Rx Misuse and Anxiety T-scores remained relatively unchanged across the conditions (r=0.31–0.43, Ps &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Applying a stopping rule based on number of initial “best health” responses reduced response burden for respondents with lower levels of misuse. The tradeoff was less measurement precision for those individuals, which could be an acceptable tradeoff when the chief concern is in discriminating higher levels of misuse.
The Daily Experience of Subjective Tinnitus: Ecological Momentary Assessment Versus End-of-Day Diary
Authors: Lourenco Matheus P. C. G. , Simoes Jorge , Vlaeyen Johan W. S. , Cima Rilana F. F. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Traditional methods of self-report assessments are susceptible to bias (i.e., memory, recall, and recency). Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may curb these biases by repeated momentary assessment of the participant throughout the day. High costs and participant burden may, however, impede the use of EMA. End-of-day diary (EDD) provides an attractive alternative to EMA, though no direct comparison has been performed in the tinnitus field.

Design:
Four thousand seven-hundred thirty-two data entries were collected from nine participants undergoing cognitive behavioral treatment for tinnitus. Eleven equivalent EMA and EDD items were collected for approximately 3 months. Tinnitus experience (i.e., anger, annoyance, avoidance, distraction, fear, invasiveness, pleasantness, and sadness) and well-being (i.e., anxiety, happiness, and stress) were correlated and means compared (t-tests).

Results:
All variables presented adequate correlation (r > 0.68) between the EMA and EDD counterparts. Small (<3.9%) significant daily mean differences between EMA and EDD were found for six variables (tinnitus anger, invasiveness, pleasantness, sadness, as well as anxiety and stress) with worse results reported in EDD.

Conclusion:
The small significant effects found may be attributed to the large number of data points. When EMA is not possible or recommended, EDD provides a viable alternative to assess tinnitus experience daily. Further research on the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus experience and recollection is warranted.
Bacteria in Surgical Smoke: A Self-controlled Laboratory Study Using Porcine Spinal Tissues
Authors: Zhu Zhenqi , Liu Ning , Xia Weiwei , Liu Haiying , Wood Kirkham B. , Wang Kaifeng 
Published: April 2021

Study Design.
A laboratory study performed in a self-controlled fashion.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to examine whether “surgical smoke” generated by using the electrocautery on porcine spinal tissues could contain viable bacteria.

Summary of Background Data.
The year 2020 has seen a surge in legislation regarding surgical smoke evacuation in the operating room across the United States. Surgical smoke contains numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances, which spine surgeons and operating room staff are regularly exposed to. Although the smoke's chemical toxicity has been extensively studied, little is known about its biohazard level.

Methods.
The electrocautery was used to “operate on” 20 segments of porcine spinal tissues on a clean bench. In each operation, the generated smoke was captured with a swab, which was positioned above the surgical site and within the smoke, to obtain bacteria cultures. Two other swabs—a tissue swab (swabbing the porcine tissue itself) and a blank swab (swabbing an empty sterile bowl)—were collected as controls. The culture results were compared among the three groups. An additional experiment was conducted to see whether using a mask can reduce the “infection rate” of the swab.

Results.
Although all blank swabs tested negative, 95% (19/20) of the smoke swabs tested positive, with a total of nine bacteria species identified. The most prevalent species observed in the smoke swabs included Serratia liquefaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, and Hafnia alvei, and so on. Among the positive smoke swabs, 84% (16/19) had one or more bacteria species that were consistent with the cultures of their corresponding tissue swabs. Using a surgical or N95 mask reduced the “infection rate” of the swab.

Conclusion.
“Surgical smoke” generated by electrocauterization of porcine spinal tissues contains viable bacteria. Further research in actual spine surgery is needed next.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Surgery-related Factors Do Not Affect Short-term Adjacent Segment Kinematics After Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis
Authors: Chen Stephen R. , LeVasseur Clarissa M. , Pitcairn Samuel , Kanter Adam S. , Okonkwo David O. , Shaw Jeremy D. , Donaldson William F. , Lee Joon Y. , Anderst William J. 
Published: April 2021

Study Design.
Prospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify surgical factors that affect adjacent segment kinematics after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) as measured by biplane radiography.

Summary of Background Data.
Previous studies investigated the effect of surgical factors on spine kinematics as a potential etiology for adjacent segment disease (ASD). Those studies used static flexion-extension radiographs to evaluate range of motion. However, measurements from static radiographs are known to be unreliable. Furthermore, those studies were unable to evaluate the effect of ACDF on adjacent segment axial rotation.

Methods.
Patients had continuous cervical spine flexion/exten- sion and axial rotation movements captured at 30 images per second in a dynamic biplane radiography system preoperatively and 1 year after ACDF. Digitally reconstructed radiographs generated from subject-specific CT scans were matched to biplane radiographs using a previously validated tracking process. Dynamic kinematics, postoperative segmental kyphosis, and disc distraction were calculated from this tracking process. Plate-to-disc distance was measured on postoperative radiographs. Graft type was collected from the medical record. Multivariate linear regression was performed to identify surgical factors associated with 1-year post-surgery changes in adjacent segment kinematics. A secondary analysis was also performed to compare adjacent segment kinematics between each of the surgical factors and previously defined thresholds believed to be associated with adjacent segment degeneration.

Results.
Fifty-nine patients completed preoperative and postoperative testing. No association was found between any of the surgical factors and change in adjacent segment flexion/exten- sion or axial rotation range of motion (all P > 0.09). The secondary analysis also did not identify differences between adjacent segment kinematics and surgical factors (all P > 0.07).

Conclusion.
Following ACDF for cervical spondylosis, factors related to surgical technique were not associated with short-term changes in adjacent segment kinematics that reflect the hypermobility hypothesized to lead to the development of ASD.

Level of Evidence: 2
Examining the Bidirectional Association Between Body Esteem and Body Mass Index During Adolescence
Authors: Lamb Megan , Buchholz Annick , Gunnell Katie E. , Valois Darcie D. , Obeid Nicole , Henderson Katherine , Flament Martine , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:

Objective:
Research on body esteem (weight and appearance esteem) and weight suggests that having a positive body esteem may be associated with more stable weight trajectories during adolescence, and adolescents with higher weight report lower levels of body esteem. However, bidirectional relationships between body esteem and weight have not yet been examined. This 3-year longitudinal study examined (1) bidirectional relationships between body esteem and body mass index (BMI) and (2) how BMI and body esteem changed together throughout adolescence.

Methods:
Participants (N = 1163 adolescents, at time 1 [T1] baseline; 60.3% female) from a school-based community sample completed surveys approximately annually for 3 years.

Results:
Latent growth modeling revealed that (a) among boys and girls, appearance and weight esteem scores decreased over time, (b) higher initial BMI scores were associated with slower decreases in appearance esteem over time. However, evidence for bidirectionality was not found, in which baseline appearance and weight esteem did not predict changes in BMI over time and vice versa.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that changes in BMI and body esteem are co-occurring (rather than predictive) throughout adolescence. The decreasing trajectory of body esteem over time suggests the need for prevention efforts to improve body esteem throughout adolescence.
Importance of Family Connection for Healthy Weight Behaviors Amid Adverse Family Experiences and Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Hayes Katey , Davis Angelia , Zlomke Kimberly , Fruh Sharon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Adverse family experiences (AFEs), including parent divorce and domestic violence, negatively affect obesogenic behaviors and engagement in healthy weight behaviors (HWBs). The current study used a moderated mediation model to investigate the role of family connection in the relationship between AFEs and HWBs for children with behavioral difficulties.

Method:
Youth (6–17 years old; n = 13,921) from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health data set were included in the study.

Results:
Family connection mediated the relationship between AFEs and each HWB. The models of physical activity and screen time had significant direct effects. Behavioral difficulties moderated the direct effect of AFEs and screen time and physical activity.

Conclusion:
Family connection mediated the relationships between each HWB and AFEs. The findings suggest that for children without behavioral difficulties, family connection was a stronger protective factor for adequate physical activity and decreased screen time.
The Role of Parents in Reducing Academic, Health, and Behavioral Problems for Native American, African American, and Latinx Adolescents
Authors: Bradley Robert H. , Bryce Crystal I. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine how parental modeling of thoughtful behavior and the home physical environment may reduce the number of developmental problems exhibited by Native American, African American, and Latinx adolescents.

Method:
Demographic and home environmental data were collected from 54 Native American, 131 African American, and 159 Latinx families living in 4 states as part of a home visit. Parents and adolescents were administered surveys that captured adolescent health, social skills, problem behavior, self-efficacy beliefs, vocabulary attainment, and school grades. Scores from the surveys were combined to construct both an adolescent problems index and a household risk index. For each of the 3 racial/ethnic groups examined, the adolescent problems index was regressed on parental modeling and encouragement of mature behavior, the home physical environment, and the household risk index.

Results:
Modeling and encouragement of mature behavior was a significant bivariate predictor of overall problems in all 3 groups of adolescents—albeit the overall regression model was nonsignificant for Native Americans. By contrast, the other 2 predictors were nonsignificant in regression models for all 3 groups.

Conclusion:
Native American, African American, and Latinx adolescents often face a multitude of risks, including poverty and discrimination. As a consequence, adolescents from these 3 racial/ethnic groups frequently display problems pertaining to health, competence, and adaptive behavior. The results from this study suggest that adolescents from such demographic groups are less likely to manifest developmental problems if their parents model mature behavior and encourage the adolescent to act in thoughtful ways.
Guidelines for Management of Psoriasis
Authors: Ramos Vanessa L. , Van Voorhees Abby S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is a common, inflammatory disease that can significantly impact patients' quality of life and well-being. In recent years, psoriasis has been found to be associated with several comorbidities including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic conditions, mental health disorders, and other inflammatory disorders. This article reviews current literature about emerging comorbidities and provides screening recommendations based on available evidence in an effort to improve the overall management of psoriatic patients.