bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial clustering and temporal trend analysis of international migrants diagnosed with tuberculosis in Brazil
Authors: Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Berra Thaís Zamboni , Terena Nahari de Faria Marcos , Rocha Matheus Piumbini , Ferraz de Araújo Alecrim Tatiana , de Souza Kihara Fernanda Miye , Mascarello Keila Cristina , Martins Sales Carolina Maia , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia 
Published: June 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) in migrants is of concern to health authorities worldwide and is even more critical in Brazil, considering the country´s size and long land borders. The aim of the study was to identify critical areas in Brazil for migrants diagnosed with TB and to describe the temporal trend in this phenomenon in recent years.

Methods
This is an ecological study that used spatial analysis and time series analysis. As the study population, all cases of migrants diagnosed with TB from 2014 to 2019 were included, and Brazilian municipalities were considered as the unit of ecological analysis. The Getis-Ord Gi* technique was applied to identify critical areas, and based on the identified clusters, seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess (STL) and Prais-Winsten autoregression were used, respectively, to trace and classify temporal trend in the analyzed series. In addition, several municipal socioeconomic indicators were selected to verify the association between the identified clusters and social vulnerability.

Results
2,471 TB cases were reported in migrants. Gi* analysis showed that areas with spatial association with TB in immigrants coincide with critical areas for TB in the general population (coast of the Southeast and North regions). Four TB clusters were identified in immigrants in the states of Amazonas, Roraima, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, with an upward trend in most of these clusters. The temporal trend in TB in immigrants was classified as increasing in Brazil (+ 60.66% per year [95% CI: 27.21–91.85]) and in the clusters in the states of Amazonas, Roraima, and Rio de Janeiro (+1.01, +2.15, and + 2.90% per year, respectively). The cluster in the state of São Paulo was the only one classified as stationary. The descriptive data on the municipalities belonging to the clusters showed evidence of the association between TB incidence and conditions of social vulnerability.

Conclusions
The study revealed the critical situation of TB among migrants in the country. Based on the findings, health authorities might focus on actions in regions identified, stablishing an intensive monitoring and following up, ensuring that these cases concluded their treatment and avoiding that they could spread the disease to the other regions or scenarios. The population of migrants are very dynamic, therefore strategies for following up them across Brazil are really urgent to manage the tuberculosis among international migrants in an efficient and proper way.
Bipolar Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate: Is it a size-independent endoscopic treatment option for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Authors: Bebi Carolina , Turetti Matteo , Lievore Elena , Ripa Francesco , Rocchini Lorenzo , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Longo Fabrizio , Gadda Franco , Dell’Orto Paolo Guido , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele , Boeri Luca 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBipolar Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate (B-TUEP) is recommended as a first-choice treatment for benign prostatic obstruction in prostates >80 ml. Differently, B-TUEP is only considered as an alternative option after TURP for smaller prostates (30–80 ml). The aim of our study is to assess the relation between prostate size and surgical outcomes after B-TUEP.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data collected from 172 patients submitted to B-TUEP. Patients were segregated according to tertiles of prostate volume (PV) (≤60 ml, 61–110 ml, >110 ml). For each group we evaluated enucleation efficacy (enucleated weight/enucleation time), complication rates, urinary and sexual function parameters. Functional and sexual parameters were compared between groups at baseline, 1 and 3 months follow up. Descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regression models tested the association between PV and postoperative complications/outcomes.ResultsOperative time and weight of enucleated adenomas increased along with prostate volumes (all p≤0.01). Enucleation efficacy was higher in men with PV >110 ml compared to other groups (p≤0.001). Length of hospital stay, catheterization time and rates of postoperative complications, such as transfusion and clot evacuation rates and bladder neck/urethral strictures, were comparable between groups. Urinary symptoms improved at 1-and 3-months in each group as compared to baseline evaluation (all p<0.01) but they did not differ according to PV. In each group maximum urinary flow and post-void residual volume significantly improved at 3 months compared to baseline (all p≤0.01), without differences according to PV. Sexual symptoms were similar between groups at each follow up assessment. At multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis, prostate volume was not associated with postoperative functional outcomes and complications. Conversely, patient’s comorbid status and antiplatelet/anticoagulation use were independently associated with postoperative complications.ConclusionAccording to our findings, B-TUEP should be considered a “size independent procedure” as it can provide symptom relief in men with prostates of all sizes with the same efficacy and safety profile.
Moving Curve of Civilization
Authors: Eid Salah 
Published: June 2021

One glance to the map of the Earth shows us that the main centers and sub centers of civilization are distributed on the surface of the Earth according to a very accurate geometrical system: the main ones are located on a strait line from Egypt to Greece to western Europe. From Egypt in the ancient times , and from Western Europe in modern times a curve extends to the right and left on which the sub centers are located, this curve moved completely from its northern position in ancient times to its southern position in modern times where one thousand years separates the two ancient and modern stages of civilization, this period had been filled by Greeks and Arabs through which we are going to tell the story of this moving curve between its two ancient and modern positions. Briefly seven hundreds of years had been filled by Greeks : one century in Athena, six centuries in Alexandria of Egypt,( where the curve returned to its southern position), and three centuries by Arabs in Bagdad in Iraq before the third stage of modern civilization began its role in its main center , western Europe.
Developing Financial Sources: The Case Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Vietnam
Authors: Xuan Le Thanh , Trọng Trịnh Đức , Phong Le Thai 
Published: June 2021

Although Vietnam's business environment has undergone fundamental changes to create favourable conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to develop, SMEs are having difficulties in their existing operation and are facing constraints in accessing financial sources. This research aims to analyze the situation of financial sources and produce the relevant recommendations for small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. The authors use secondary data from government official websites of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam about Vietnam's SME survey of Ha Noi Capital in the period 2014 – 2020. By observing and analyzing the collected data, the study provides a detailed description of the findings and relevant recommendations. After examining and investigating data and current studies about Vietnamese SMEs, the authors find that, in general, main constraints in accessing financial sources of SMEs are chiefly caused by (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) capacity management, (iii) lack of network and (iv) collateral requirements. The findings suggest implications for Vietnamese SMEs to improve financial sources should focus on: (i) training SMEs’ leaders to tackle potential risks and crises; (ii) creating new financial products and services in environmental and social development in Ha Noi Capital; (iii) developing new credit accessibility products without collaterals for SMEs. Different from prior studies that either provide current situation and list constraints of SMEs or make suggestions without sticking to the actual situation, the authors deliver a more comprehensive analysis about SMEs in the context of a developing country like Vietnam.
A thermodynamic assessment of precipitation, growth, and control of MnS inclusion in U75V heavy rail steel
Authors: Ren Wen-Qiang , Wang Lu , Xue Zheng-Liang , Li Cheng-Zhi , Zhu Hang-Yu , Huang Ao , Li Chang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation behavior, growth kinetic, and control mechanism of MnS inclusion in U75V heavy rail steel was conducted in this study. The results showed that solute element S had a much higher segregation ratio than that of Mn, and MnS would only precipitate in the solid–liquid (two-phase) regions at the late stage during the solidification process at the solid fraction of 0.9518. Increasing the cooling rate had no obvious influence on the precipitation time of MnS inclusion; however, its particle size would be decreased greatly. The results also suggested that increasing the concentration of Mn would lead to an earlier precipitation time of MnS, while it had little effect on the final particle size; as to S, it was found that increasing its concentration could not only make the precipitation time earlier but also make the particle size larger. Adding a certain amount of Ti additive could improve the mechanical properties of U75V heavy rail steel due to the formation of TiO
x
–MnS or MnS–TiS complex inclusions. The precipitation sequences of Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiO2 → TiO → MnS → TiS for Ti treatment were determined based on the thermodynamic calculation.
Dynamic response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative
Authors: Tang Jianhua , Yin Chuntao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the harmonic balance method and its variants are used to analyze the response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative. First, the exact and approximate expressions of the Caputo derivatives of trigonometric function and composite function are derived. Next, using the approximate expression of the Caputo derivative of the composite function, the resonance of Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative is analyzed by the harmonic balance method. Finally, Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative is approximated by three kinds of methods, i.e., the harmonic balance method, the residue harmonic balance method and the improved harmonic balance method. The corresponding numerical simulations are given to illustrate the performance of these methods as well. The results show that the residue harmonic balance method is more precise than the harmonic balance method and the improved harmonic balance method in analyzing the dynamic response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative.
Do minority-language and majority-language students benefit from pedagogical translanguaging in early foreign language development?
Authors: Hopp Holger , Kieseier Teresa , Jakisch Jenny , Sturm Sarah , Thoma Dieter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper reports findings of a project on pedagogical translanguaging (PTL) among 128 fourth-grade students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in German primary schools. Over a period of six months, 20% of lesson time in EFL classes was devoted to multilingualism involving students’ minority languages. In a control group pre-post-test design, we evaluated the effects of PTL on English vocabulary, grammar, and metalinguistic awareness. The longitudinal results show significant gains for both majority-language and minority-language students across all competences. Yet, the PTL group did not outperform a comparison group that received regular, i.e. target-language-only EFL teaching. We critically discuss the scope and potentials of PTL in early FL teaching.
Role of entropy in η

i
-mode driven nonlinear structures obtained by homotopy perturbation method in electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: Khan Aziz , Zakir U. , Haque Qamar ul , Qamar Anisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of the effect of entropy on ion temperature gradient η

i
-mode driven solitary and shock waves in electron–positron–ion plasma having density and temperature inhomogeneities. Linear and nonlinear analysis having solutions in form of solitons and shocks shows that entropy influence changes the drift mode instability. Different limiting cases when (i) temperature fluctuations due to E × B only (η

i
≫ 2/3), (ii) in the absence of entropy and (iii) neglecting positron effect (β = 1) are discussed. The homotophy perturbation method (HPM) is applied on the derived Korteweg–de-Vries (KdV) and KdV–Burger equations under small time approximation. It is found that both results, those obtained analytically and by the HPM technique, strongly agree with each other. These investigations may be useful to study low frequency electrostatic modes in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma. For illustration, the model has been applied to the nonlinear electrostatic excitations in interstellar medium and tokamak plasma.
Study of the Required Directional Color Contour Option for the Controlled Weave Application in the Jacquard Graph Designing
Authors: Panneerselvam R. G. , Prakash C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The jacquard graph designers need to edit the motif outline perfectly as per the required shape. Then the designer has to retain the perfection of the edited boundary by the controlled application of binding weave marks. In this study, the possibility of using the “required directional color contour option” for controlled/restricted application of binding weaves in jacquard graph designing to get a perfect boundary of figure and ground is explored. The necessity of controlled application of binding weave marks required for extra warp, extra weft, and single cloth figured graph designing is noted. The presently used “all directional color contour option” is studied. The required directional color contour option available in the Arahpaint software is analyzed. The steps involved in using the “required directional color contour option” with the “brush option” for the application of binding weaves are explored. It is noted that all directional color contour option is an indirect methodology, whereas required directional color contour option is a direct methodology. It is observed that the systematic use of the required directional color contour option restricts the application of binding weave marks only in the essential places and avoids it in the nonrequired edges and corners of figure and ground portions of the graph design. By this, the edited design boundary is maintained without any distortion in shape even after the application of binding weave marks. It enables for flawless application of binding weave for the smallest and intricate figured extra warp, extra weft, and single cloth figured graph designs.
Espaços urbanos em trânsito na poesia de Antonio Cicero
Authors: Sales Paulo Alberto da Silva 
Published: June 2021

A poesia brasileira contemporânea, sobretudo aquela produzida desde a década de 1980, tem apresentado relações diretas entre as paisagens citadinas e a subjetividade. Em poéticas assumidamente espaciais, o sujeito lírico é confrontado com novas experiências urbanas que ampliaram sua percepção de mundo na observância dos gestos que marcam o cotidiano. Nessas revelações, a poesia passa a investir na primeira pessoa endereçada ao promover a expansão da noção de sujeito lírico que, por sua vez, passa a se identificar com espaços e imagens visuais. Essas associações criam um sujeito fora de si que, por meio de seu contato com diferentes lugares, cria uma nova experiência do olhar que rompe com as fronteiras dentro/fora. Partindo da expansividade e o endereçamento poético aos diversos espaços urbanos, apresentamos uma leitura de alguns poemas presentes nos livros A cidade e os livros (2002) e Porventura (2012), do poeta Antonio Cicero. Nessas obras, as experiências do tema urbano aparecem em poemas que evidenciam a relação poesia e paisagem e como essa relação, no poeta em questão, marca a imprecisão tempo-espacial da cidade contemporânea ao mesclar as paisagens da urbe a espaços e a tempos míticos.
Sensory attributes of native stingless bee honey (Plebeia molesta): first approaches to the characterization and preference of local consumers.
Authors: Geisa Melisa Gabriela , Ciappini María Cristina , Hilgert Norma Inés 
Published: June 2021

The sensory quality of a food is related to the consumer’s ethno-social and idiosyncratic conditions. In this study, honeys from three different environments in the Chaco region of Córdoba (Argentina) were described qualitatively and quantitatively by specialized evaluators and rural peasant. Honeys with a wide diversity of sensory attributes were evidenced. The samples from Salinas Coast were characterized by high fluidity, those from Serrano Forest by quantity of crystals, and those from Plain Forest by the greatest persistence of taste. The rural population used some shared descriptors for honeys from similar geographical origin. Most rural consumers distinguished the honey from A. mellifera, Plebeia nov. sp. and P. molesta, which were also the preferred ones. We analyzed the results in relation to the Socio-ecological Theory of Maximization and concluded that the sensory components of P. molesta honeys allow their differentiation according to environment of origin and from honeys of other melliferous insects, which together with farmers´ idiosyncratic factors model the selection of the product.
Investigation of possible aetiological/triggering factors in porcine ear necrosis syndrome at a farrow-to-feeder pig system
Authors: Kureljušić Branislav , Savić Božidar , Milićević Vesna , Jezdimirović Nemanja , Radanović Oliver , Žutić Jadranka , Weissenbacher-Lang Christiane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt a commercial farrow-to-feeder pig system with 2,100 sows in Serbia, lesions resembling porcine ear necrosis syndrome were observed in 80% of the weaned pigs at 45–50 days of age. Pathomorphological examinations were carried out on 10 pigs that had been found dead. The gross lesions ranged from mild, superficial dermatitis to severe, deep inflammation with exudation, ulceration and necrosis. Histopathological examination revealed erosive and ulcerative dermatitis of the pinna with neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration and bacterial colonies in the crusts. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA strain), Staphylococcus hyicus and Streptococcus group C were cultivated from eight, S. hyicus from two ear tissue scraping samples. All 10 samples were positive for treponemes and phylogenetic analysis of two polymerase chain reaction products confirmed the relationship to Treponema (T.) medium/vincentii and Treponema pedis. Treponemes were also detected in seven oral swabs that were analysed to obtain evidence of the transmission of this bacterium by ear biting. The contribution of non-infectious factors to this misbehaviour could not be ruled out as the crude protein concentration of the feed was inappropriate and the climate of the pig house was suboptimal. The concentrations of selected mycotoxins in the feed were not elevated. However, the contribution of both infectious and non-infectious factors to the onset of disease was most probable.
Microplastic contamination in commercial sea salt of Vietnam
Authors: Thi Ha Dang 
Published: June 2021

This is the first study which assessed the microplastic pollution of sea salt products from Vietnam. The results obtained from 9 iodate fine table sea salt and 4 raw sea salt samples collected from different regions in Vietnam showed that microplastic were present in 100% of the salts samples. The mean concentration of microplastic was 787±101 items/kg and 340±26 items/kg for raw and fine sea salts, respectively. For both raw and fine sea salt, fibers were the predominant type of microplastic, accounted more 60% of total microplastic particles. In added, three types of polymer were detected in 12 microplastic particles by FTIR, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene, in which, the most common is PE (accounted 67%). With a mean daily salt consumption of 5-10g/day, the annual number of microplastic particles ingested per Vietnamese adult varies from 637 to 1241 particles from salt alone.
The Oldest Report of a 1537 Mexico Tsunami Based on Japanese Literature Is Erroneous
Authors: Hayashi Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to the Global Historical Database by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the oldest historical tsunami record in Central America is the earthquake tsunami that occurred in Mexico in 1537; however, this record is doubtful because this tsunami is reported by no authority outside Japan. Here, I examined earthquake and tsunami catalogs and found the source of this suspicious data. Imamura (1925) compiled the first part of the chronological table of major earthquakes in the world from the earthquake catalog of the world by Milne (1912). During this compilation, information on the tsunami caused by the 1531 Spain–Portugal earthquake was not copied. The chronological table was published almost annually until 1962; during this time the table was revised in 1958 by Kawasumi, who was the author in charge at the time. The remarks for the 1531 Spain–Portugal earthquake tsunami should have been added during the revision, but the text “tsunami existence” was erroneously added to the next entry for the 1537 Mexico earthquake. The source of the 1537 tsunami report was this miscopy.
Effect of Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with Etch-and-Rinse Resin Cement: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sheikh Ghahderijani Mahdiyeh , Khoroushi Maryam , Feiz Atiyeh 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Calcium hypochlorite (CH) has been recently used as a root canal irrigant. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of CH and sodium hypochlorite (SH), as root canal irrigants, on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented with an etch-and-rinse resin cement. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, 40 human anterior teeth with similar root lengths were randomly divided into five groups (N=8) according to the protocol of root canal irrigation as follows: group 1: saline (control); group 2: 2.5% SH; group 3: 5.25% SH; group 4: 2.5% CH; group 5: 5% CH. Before post placement, the post space was irrigated using the same irrigation protocol, and after that, they were irrigated by distilled water. Fiber posts were cemented with All-Bond 3 bonding and Dou-Link Universal cement. After thermocycling (1000 cycles, 5- 55°C), a push-out test was performed, and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test with SPSS version 23 (α=0.05).
Results: The highest and lowest mean bond strengths were detected in groups 2 and 5, respectively. There was no significant difference between group 1 and the SH groups (P>0.05), but the difference between group 1 and the CH groups was significant (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between SH groups and CH groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Compared to SH, as a root canal irrigant, CH decreased the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented with an etch-and-rinse resin cement.