bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of tomatoes with early decay using visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging and image‐spectrum merging technique
Authors: Wang Huting , Hu Rong , Zhang Mengyun , Zhai Zhiqiang , Zhang Ruoyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective detection of tomatoes with early decay still remains one of the major problems in the post‐harvest processing. The feasibility of using visible and near infrared (Vis–NIR) hyperspectral reflectance imaging coupled with image‐spectrum merging processing and analysis technology to detect early decay on tomatoes was observed. Mean normalization method was used to correct the uneven illumination caused by the large curvature change and the reflective characteristics of tomato surface. Principal component (PC) clustering analysis of spectra was used to find the optimal PC that was then used to distinguish sound and decayed tissues of tomatoes. Based on the selected PC, three characteristic wavelengths images at 596, 666, and 858 nm were obtained and the new combination image was calculated. The pseudo‐color image processing and RGB (red, green, and blue) transformation were applied to enhance the contrast between decayed and sound regions on the combined image. G component of RGB image and the corrected single‐wavelength image at 666 nm were used for segmentation of the decayed region and stem‐end on tomatoes, respectively. All samples including 120 decayed and 120 sound tomatoes were used to assess performance of the proposed algorithm. The classification results indicated that 100% of the decayed fruit and 97.5% of sound fruit were accurately identified by proposed algorithm. This study demonstrated that Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging coupled with image‐spectrum merging processing technology could be a potential approach for detection of tomatoes with early decay.Practical applicationsDecay will not only affect the quality of tomato products, but also cause serious food safety problems. Detection of decayed tomatoes has become an universal attentive and urgent solving question for tomato processing industry. Currently, there was no effective and rapid technology to classify between decayed and sound tomatoes. In this study, a novel method was developed and the decayed tomatoes were successful identified using only three characteristic wavelengths images. This study can provide a useful reference for development of fast multispectral imaging system for decayed tomato detection in practical on‐line grading applications.
Modified STEADI Fall Risk Categories Predict Incident Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Crow Rebecca S. , Haudenschild Christian , Lohman Matthew C. , Roth Robert M. , Roderka Meredith , Masterson Travis , Brand John , Gooding Tyler , Mackenzie Todd A. , Batsis John A. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIt is unknown whether older adults at high risk of falls but without cognitive impairment have higher rates of subsequent cognitive impairment.DESIGNThis was an analysis of cross‐sectional and longitudinal data from National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).SETTINGNHATS, secondary analysis of data from 2011 to 2019.PARTICIPANTSCommunity dwelling adults aged 65 and older without cognitive impairment.MEASUREMENTSParticipants were classified at baseline in three categories of fall risk (low, moderate, severe) using a modified algorithm from the Center for Disease Control's STEADI (Stop Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) and fall risk from data from the longitudinal NHATS. Impaired global cognition was defined as NHATS‐derived impairment in either the Alzheimer's Disease‐8 score, immediate/delayed recall, orientation, clock‐drawing test, or date/person recall. The primary outcome was the first incident of cognitive impairment in an 8 year follow‐up period. Cox‐proportional hazard models ascertained time to onset of cognitive impairment (referent = low modified STEADI incidence).RESULTSOf the 7,146 participants (57.8% female), the median age category was 75 to 80 years. Prevalence of baseline fall modified STEADI risk categories in participants was low (51.6%), medium (38.5%), and high (9.9%). In our fully adjusted model, the risk of developing cognitive impairment was hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 [95% CI = 1.08, 1.29] in the moderate risk category, and HR 1.74 [95% CI = 1.53, 1.98] in the high‐risk category.CONCLUSIONOlder, cognitively intact adults at high fall risk at baseline had nearly twice the risk of cognitive decline at 8 year follow‐up.
Peak Alpine metamorphic conditions from staurolite‐bearing metapelites in the Monte Rosa nappe (Central European Alps) and geodynamic implications
Authors: Vaughan‐Hammon Joshua D. , Luisier Cindy , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Schmalholz Stefan M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the European Alps is still contentious. The Monte Rosa tectonic unit is a prominent nappe in the Central European Alps and estimates of its peak Alpine pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions are essential for reconstructing its tectono‐metamorphic evolution. However, the reported peak Alpine pressure and temperature estimates vary considerably between 1.2 and 2.7 GPa and 490 and 640°C for a variety of lithologies. Here, we show petrology and pseudosection modelling of metapelitic assemblages from the western portions of the Monte Rosa nappe (upper Ayas valley, Italy). We present newly discovered staurolite–chloritoid‐bearing metapelitic assemblages. These assemblages exhibit an Alpine high‐P metamorphic overprint of a former contact‐metamorphic mineral assemblage generated by post‐Variscan granitic intrusions. Staurolite contains major amounts of Zn (up to 1.0 atoms per formula units), which is currently, in contrast to Fe‐ and Mg‐staurolite end‐members, not considered in any thermodynamic database. We employ two end‐member mixing models for Zn in staurolite, site mixing, and molecular mixing. Both models enlarge the pressure and temperature stability range for the observed assemblage, where site mixing has the largest influence of ±0.2 GPa and ±20°C. Our results for three metapelite assemblages, with and without staurolite, indicate peak Alpine pressure of 1.6 ± 0.2 GPa and peak temperature of 585 ± 20°C. These peak pressure estimates agree with previously published estimates for metagranites in the nappe, and are in stark contrast with peak pressure obtained from talc‐, chloritoid‐, phengite‐, and quartz‐bearing lithologies termed ‘whiteschists’ (>2.2 GPa). Our results confirm a variation of peak Alpine pressure of 0.6 ± 0.2 GPa between metagranite/metapelite lithologies and a nearby whiteschist lens (>2.2 GPa) within the metagranite. Field observations indicate that the studied region is structurally coherent and that the whiteschist is not a tectonic slice formed by tectonic mélange. We suggest that the consistent peak pressure for metapelite and metagranite assemblages represents the regional peak pressure and that the higher pressure recorded in the whiteschist lens is likely due to dynamic pressure, possibly resulting from tectonic and/or reaction‐induced stresses. If the calculated pressure of 1.6 ± 0.2 GPa represents regional peak Alpine conditions, then the Monte Rosa nappe was exhumed from a significantly shallower depth than previously assumed, based on peak pressure estimates > 2.2 GPa for whiteschist lithologies.
Tau in the gut, does it really matter?
Authors: Derkinderen Pascal , Rolli‐Derkinderen Malvyne , Chapelet Guillaume , Neunlist Michel , Noble Wendy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe enteric nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of gastrointestinal tract functions and is often referred to as the ‘second brain’ because it shares many features with the central nervous system. These similarities include among others a large panel of neurotransmitters, a large population of glial cells and a susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This close homology between the central and enteric nervous systems suggests that a disease process affecting the central nervous system could also involve its enteric counterpart. This was already documented in Parkinson's disease, the most common synucleinopathy, in which alpha‐synuclein deposits are reported in the enteric nervous system in the vast majority of patients. Tau is another key protein involved in neurodegenerative disorders of the brain. Whether changes in tau also occur in the enteric nervous system during gut or brain disorders has just begun to be explored. The scope of the present article is therefore to review existing studies on the expression and phosphorylation pattern of tau in the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions and to discuss the possible occurrence of ‘enteric tauopathies’.
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The neurochemistry of social reward during development: What have we learned from rodent models?
Authors: Manduca Antonia , Carbone Emilia , Schiavi Sara , Cacchione Claudia , Buzzelli Valeria , Campolongo Patrizia , Trezza Viviana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSocial rewards are fundamental to survival and overall health. Several studies suggest that adequate social stimuli during early life are critical for developing appropriate socioemotional and cognitive skills, whereas adverse social experiences negatively affect the proper development of brain and behavior, by increasing the susceptibility to develop neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social interactions, and their rewarding components in particular, is an important challenge of current neuroscience research. In this context, preclinical research has a crucial role: Animal models allow to investigate the neurobiological aspects of social reward in order to shed light on possible neurochemical alterations causing aberrant social reward processing in neuropsychiatric diseases, and they allow to test the validity and safety of innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss preclinical research that has investigated the rewarding properties of two forms of social interaction that occur in different phases of the lifespan of mammals, that is, mother–infant interaction and social interactions with peers, by focusing on the main neurotransmitter systems mediating their rewarding components. Together, the research performed so far helped to elucidate the mechanisms of social reward and its psychobiological components throughout development, thus increasing our understanding of the neurobiological substrates sustaining social functioning in health conditions and social dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders.image
The efficacy and safety of multilamellar vesicle containing retinaldehyde: A double‐blinded, randomized, split‐face controlled study
Authors: Kim Jemin , Kim Jihee , Jongudomsombat Tunyaporn , Kim BS Eunbin , Suk Jangmi , Lee Dongwon , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetinaldehyde is one of the major members of the retinoid family, which has potential skin rejuvenating effects on photoaged skin and has a good safety profile.AimsThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multilamellar vesicle containing retinaldehyde (MLV‐RAL) 0.05% and 0.1% used to treat photoaged skin.Patients and methodsA randomized, prospective, investigator‐blinded, split‐face comparison study was conducted. We enrolled 23 Korean volunteers who applied MLV‐RAL 0.05%/0.1% cream on one randomized side of their face and retinol 0.05%/0.1% cream on the opposite side. Wrinkle depth on both crow's feet was assessed by the Antera 3D system. Skin hydration, elasticity, facial curved length, and dermal density were also evaluated.ResultsAfter an 8‐week application, all objective parameters, including wrinkle depth, were significantly improved in both MLV‐RAL 0.05%/0.1% and retinol 0.05%/0.1% treated sides. Compared with the retinol‐treated side, MLV‐RAL‐treated side showed a significant improvement of objective assessments except for dermal density. Additionally, there was no adverse event associated with the use of either MLV‐RAL 0.05%/0.1% or retinol 0.05%/0.1% cream.ConclusionThe application of MLV‐RAL 0.05%/0.1% cream improved wrinkle, facial contour, and biophysical parameters associated with skin aging.
Evaluation of the effect of selecting gluteal injection site on the pain injection based on anthropometric indices and body shape pattern: A randomised controlled trial study
Authors: Sahebkar Mohammad , Khosrojerdi Azam , Rad Mostafa , Stewart Jacqueline J. , Rastaghi Sedighe , Assarroudi Abdolghader 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study was aimed at comparing the effect of injection site selection based on anthropometric indices and body shape pattern on pain injection.BackgroundPain is one of the common complications of intramuscular injection. Selecting the right place for gluteal injection is one of the challenges of nursing which can increase the safety and success of the injection and thereby reduce the pain severity caused by it.DesignOpen‐label randomized controlled trial study.MethodsIn this study, 162 eligible subjects referred to the emergency unit of Vasei Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran were randomly assigned to three groups of control, anthropometric indices and body shape pattern. Subjects in the control group received dorsogluteal injection (traditional way). In the anthropometric group, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and anterior superior iliac spine to iliac tubercle (ASIS‐IT), and in body shape pattern group, observed body shape indices (OBS), BMI and sex were used to select the gluteal injection site. Pain injection was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The CONSORT checklist was used.ResultsThe mean age of the participant was 39.43 ± 13.16 and 43.21% (n = 70) were male. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the mean pain injection was substantially lower in body shape pattern as compared to the control group (r2: .26; bxy = −0.41; 95% CI: −0.81, −0.01; p = .043). The mean pain injection was significantly greater in the left leg injection than right one (r2: .26; bxy = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.81; p = .021).ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that the selection of a gluteal injection site based on body shape pattern in comparison with traditional dorsogluteal injection method has a significant effect on pain injection relief.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can choose the appropriate gluteal injection site based on the body shape pattern to reduce the pain of the intramuscular (IM) gluteal injections.
Selective Laser Melted Titanium Alloy for Transgingival Components: Influence of Surface Condition on Fibroblast Cell Behavior
Authors: Crenn Marie‐Joséphine , Benoit Aurélie , Rohman Géraldine , Guilbert Thomas , Fromentin Olivier , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Bardet Claire 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo mechanically characterize and assess the biological properties of Ti6Al4V surfaces obtained by Selective Laser Melting in order to determine whether this process is conceivable for production of implant‐supported prostheses and particularly trans‐gingival components. As‐built and polished surfaces were studied in comparison with components obtained by computer numerical control machining technology in order to consider whether the properties are in the same range as the conventional method currently used.Materials and MethodsCylindrical specimens of Ti6Al4V (n = 6) were built with Selective Laser Melting for the characterization of mechanical properties according to ISO 22674 and discs (n = 12) were fabricated in the same conditions for cytotoxicity evaluation. Discs (n = 12) of Ti6Al4V were also obtained by computer numerical control machining as control. Half of the number of discs (n = 6) from each process were polished, to simulate the laboratory protocol for polishing of transmucosal components and half of the discs remained unaltered (as‐built). Surface roughness measurements of disc specimens (as‐built and polished) were compared with computer numerical control milling specimens (as‐built and polished). Proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts on Ti6Al4V surfaces was also assessed for each condition. Viability and cell morphology were then evaluated qualitatively. Ra and Sa data were compared using Student's t‐test (α = 0.05) and metabolic activity data were compared using Kruskal‐Wallis statistical test (α = 0.05).ResultsSelective Laser Melting specimens showed elongation at break greater than 2% and 0.2% yield strength better than 500MPa which complied with ISO 22674 standards. Although Selective Laser Melting samples displayed significantly increased roughness on as‐built surfaces compared to computer numerically controlled milling samples (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference was observed after mechanical polishing (p = 0.279). Regarding metabolic activity, no statistical difference was observed between groups at day 3 (p > 0.05) and fibroblasts showed a viability higher than 97% on all discs. Cell shapes on polished samples suggested moderate adhesion compared to unpolished samples.ConclusionWith the manufacturing parameters selected in this study, Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V appeared to be compatible with a prosthetic application type 4 according to ISO 22674. Surfaces obtained, followed by recommended postprocessing provided components with equivalent biological properties compared to computer numerical control machining technology.
A multilocus phylogeny of the moss genus Didymodon and allied genera (Pottiaceae): Generic delimitations and their implications for systematics
Authors: Jiménez Juan A. , Cano María J. , Guerra Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDidymodon s.l. is one of the largest genera in the moss family Pottiaceae, with about 122 species distributed in all continents. This, together with its high degree of morphological variation, has made it one of the taxonomically most challenging genera of Pottiaceae. Circumscription of Didymodon s.l. has been, and still is, controversial. To date, the only molecular study that has investigated the delimitation of the genus has been far from comprehensive (35 samples from 27 species), limited in geographical scope (mainly restricted to Europe), and based exclusively on ITS sequences. To evaluate the circumscription of Didymodon s.l. and its relationships with the allied genera Andinella, Gertrudiella, and Tridontium, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences for three plastid markers (atpB–rbcL, trnG, and trnL‐F) and one nuclear locus (ITS) for 335 samples representing 86 species of Didymodon s.l. (ca. 70%), and all taxa of the genera Andinella, Gertrudiella, and Tridontium. Individual markers and concatenated matrices were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results indicate that Didymodon s.l. is not monophyletic, because Andinella, Gertrudiella, and Tridontium species are nested within it. Species of these four genera can be divided into eight well‐supported and morphologically distinct genera: Didymodon s.s., Geheebia, Gertrudiella, Husnotiella, Trichostomopsis, Tridontium, Vinealobryum, and Zanderella. In correspondence with the results presented, 38 new combinations, 10 new synonyms, and a new name are provided for those taxa where required, and lectotypes are designated for 13 names. A diagnostic key to the eight recognized genera is provided.
Developing Sustaining Authentic Partnership Between MBE Researchers and Local Schools
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTOne of the most important goals of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) researchers is bridging the connection between science and educational practice. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel authentic partnership model based on the analyses of demands, capacities, and responsibilities of both researchers and local schools. The Peiyuan Project in Beijing is introduced as an example to demonstrate the model. We argue that more discussions should be encouraged along this practical direction. More successful models and practices should be shared and learned to facilitate wider adoptions and further achievement of the MBE community.
Purpose for and within Creation: A Theological Appraisal of Organismic Teleology
Authors: Leidenhag Mikael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough many believe that modern evolutionary biology renders teleology superfluous, this article explores the recent resurgence of attempts to locate teleology, functions, and purpose in the nature of organisms. This essay further explores the relevance of teleology within Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox traditions, and the ways in which some theological doctrines have been construed against a teleological conception of both humanity and the wider cosmos. It also defends the reality of intrinsic teleology against an evolutionary‐reductionist accommodation strategy, and responds to the accusation that a theological affirmation of purpose within biological organisms entails the thorny position of intelligent design.
Knowledge acquisition and retention among nurses after an educational intervention on endotracheal cuff pressure
Authors: Murugiah Uma R. , Ramoo Vimala , Jamaluddin Muhamad F. H. , Yahya Abqariyah , Baharudin Ayuni A. , Abu Harlinna , Thinagaran Raveena R. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses play a key role in the proper management of endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure, which is important for patients' safety, so it is vital to improve nurses' knowledge on safe cuff management practices.Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention related to ETT cuff pressure management on improving and retaining critical care nurses' knowledge.DesignA single group pre‐post interventional study was conducted involving 112 registered nurses (RNs) from a 24‐bed adult general intensive care unit at a teaching hospital in Malaysia.MethodsThe educational intervention included a theoretical session on endotracheal cuff pressure management and demonstration plus hands‐on practice with the conventional cuff pressure monitoring method. Nurses' knowledge was measured using a self‐administered questionnaire pre‐ and post‐intervention. Data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and bivariate analysis.ResultsIn this study, 92% of the total number of RNs in the unit participated. A significant difference in mean knowledge score was noted between the pre‐ (mean = 8.13; SD = 1.53) and post‐intervention phases (3 months [mean = 8.97; SD = 1.57) and 9 months post‐intervention [mean = 10.34; SD = 1.08), P < .001), indicating significant knowledge acquisition and retention between the phases. Knowledge gained between the pre‐ and 9 months post‐intervention phases significantly differed according to nurses' educational level.ConclusionsThis study supports existing evidence that ongoing educational interventions are essential to improve nurses' knowledge. However, further exploration is suggested to assess how well this knowledge is translated into clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceRegular educational programmes with current updates would enhance nurses' knowledge through proper practice and clinical decision‐making skills; this, in turn, would help to standardize cuff management practices.