bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single incidence household food insecurity is associated with elevated maternal BMI
Authors: Tilton Nicholas Alfred , Black Maureen M , Magder Laurence S , Wang Yan , Hurley Kristen M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal relations among household food security status, maternal depressive symptoms and maternal BMI.MethodsThe Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS‐B) is a nationally representative sample of approximately 10,700 families, evaluated at 9m, 2, 4, and 5 yrs. Maternal BMI (measured), depressive symptoms (CES‐D 12‐item scale); and food security status (USDA 18‐item scale) were collected between 2001–2006. We applied a mixed effect model to examine weighted (adjusting for sampling design and non‐response) relations between baseline maternal depressive symptoms, household food security status (ever vs. never; across time points), and maternal BMI (yrs 2, 4, and 5).ResultsAt baseline (9m), 13% of mothers reported moderate/severe depressive symptoms (CES‐D ≥12); 26% reported food insecurity at least once. Mean maternal BMI ranged from 22.9 at 9m to 23.8 at 5 yrs; 39% were overweight (BMI ≥ 25) by 5 yrs. In a model controlling for race/ethnicity and poverty level, mothers with ≥ 1 food insecurity report had a mean BMI 0.88 points higher at each time point than mothers with no food insecurity reports (p<0.001); mothers reporting baseline moderate/severe depressive symptoms had a marginally higher yearly BMI increase (0.08 BMI/yr, p=0.08) than mothers with mild/no symptoms.ConclusionModerate/severe depressive symptoms at 9 m have a marginal effect on yearly maternal BMI increase. A single incidence of household food insecurity during early parenting is associated with higher maternal BMI.
Understanding Characteristics of Families Who Buy Local Produce
Authors: Racine Elizabeth F , Mumford Elizabeth A , Laditka Sarah B 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine individual characteristics associated with local fresh produce purchasing among North Carolina families.DesignCross‐sectional analysis using data from the 2008 North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program (NC CHAMP), a representative sample of adults who have landline telephones.ParticipantsFamilies with children who participated in the NC CHAMP (n= 2,932)Main Outcome MeasureFrequency of buying local produce from local vendors in the past yearAnalysisBivariate and multivariate zero‐inflated negative binomial regression identified characteristics associated with not buying local produce and, among those who purchased local produce, the frequency of purchasing.ResultsAbout half of families reported buying local produce on average once a month during the past year. In adjusted results, buying local produce was more likely among White families, lower income families, families living in rural areas, families with children who ate five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and families with children in poorer health.Conclusion and ImplicationsFindings suggest that it may be useful for dietitians and health promotion professionals to assess the availability of local produce in urban areas and to focus interventions to promote local produce purchases among Black families.This study was not funded.
Children's lunch box after the implementation of a guideline to regulate the foods and beverages for sale in schools in Mexico City
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez Marcela , Naranjo Ijiel Barak , Pedraza Elizabeth , Ávalos Gabriela , Melendez Guillermo , Pfeffer Frania 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIn January 2011 a guideline to regulate the foods and beverages (F&B) for sale in schools was implemented to encourage healthy foods consumption and to lower the sugar and fat in the F&B children consume.ObjectiveDetermine if the guideline is having an impact on the quality of the children's school lunch.Methods661 children from 1st to 3rd grade were interviewed; data on the F&B consumed the last 5 school days was recorded. Some anthropometric measurements were taken.ResultsMean weight of children was 28.7±7.8 kg. 63.8%, 17.7% and 16.8% of children were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. 6.5% bought their food at school, 37.2% brought theirs from home and 55.1% got it from either. 69.1% did not eat chips/fries and 13% consumed them =2 times. 22.9% consumed pastries/cookies =2 times and 56.1% did not eat any. Prepared foods (i.e. quesadillas) were consumed =2 times by 77.8% of children. 49.2% eat fruits and vegetables =2 times, but 20.9% did not consume them at all. 55.2% drank fruit beverages =2 times, all children consumed them at least once. 18.4% did not drink plain water and 73.7% drank water =2 times. 3 of every 4 kids bought water at school.ConclusionMost children bring food from home. Sugar sweetened beverages are highly consumed, plain water is poorly consumed. Special attention should be paid to foods prepared in cafeterias, due to being the most consumed but less regulated.
A complete meal based algorithm for predicting nonheme iron absorption
Authors: Armah Seth Mensah , Carriquiry Alicia , Cook James D , Reddy Manju B. 
Published: June 2021

It is not feasible to conduct human studies to study all possible combinations of the various factors that affect nonheme iron absorption. Many algorithms have been developed in the past to estimate nonheme iron absorption based on single meal studies. However, exaggerating effect of the factors in single meal studies is well known. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm based on a complete diet for estimating nonheme iron absorption. We used data from 4 complete diet studies that had 12–14 subjects who consumed 3 different diets (n=159), typical, high and low meat, tea, calcium and vitamin C. Multiple linear regression with a mixed effect model was used. Our results suggest that serum ferritin contributed significantly to the variability in nonheme iron absorption and the effect of dietary factors was small. The predicted absorption values correlated significantly with the observed values from single and complete meal studies (R2=0.57, P<0.001 and R2= 0.93, P< 0.0001, respectively). When iron absorption was predicted from intervention study data in subjects with ≤15μg/L serum ferritin, the values were similar to observed values (18.6 vs 18.8%). Although interpersonal variation explains a large proportion of the differences in nonheme iron absorption, our algorithms with complete meals will be useful in predicting nonheme iron absorption from usual diets of varied populations.Grant Funding Source : IFPRI/HarvestPLUS and MI
Chronic antibiotic administration increases intestinal mass but inhibits functional adaptation in an intestinal failure piglet model
Authors: Barnes Jennifer L. , Tappenden Kelly A. 
Published: June 2021

Antibiotic therapy is frequently used in pediatric intestinal failure (IF) patients but the effects on intestinal adaptation are unknown. Neonatal piglets underwent an 80% jejunoileal resection (n=39) and received 80% of nutrient needs parenterally and 20% enterally. The antibiotic NAXEL® was administered for 48 hrs or 7 days and piglets were euthanized 7 days after surgery. Variables of adaptation were assessed, analyzed as a randomized complete block design and considered significant at p≤0.05. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic antibiotic administration on intestinal adaptation in a model of neonatal IF.Long‐term antibiotic use increased intestinal weight evidenced by an increase in ileal and colonic mucosa (mg/cm, p=0.01, 0.004 respectively) and total intestinal mass (g, p=0.03). Protein decreased compared to 48 hrs of antibiotics in all segments (μg/mg mucosa, p=0.02 duodenum, p<0.0001 jejunum, ileum and colon) and protein per cell (μg protein/μg DNA) decreased (p=0.02 duodenum, p=0.003 jejunum). Functional adaptation measured by modified Ussing chambers indicated a decrease in active ion (p=0.006 jejunum, 0.03 colon) and total ion transport (p=0.004 jejunum, p=0.05 ileum) after 7 days of antibiotic compared to 48 hrs. These results suggest that chronic antibiotic administration induces an increase in intestinal mass, but hinders functional adaptation in a model of neonatal IF.Funded by NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award 5T32 DK59802.
Adaptation to every other day feeding leads to an increase in small intestine transit‐amplifying cells and a decrease in gonadal fat
Authors: Mah Amanda T , Van Landeghem Laurianne , Blue R. Eric , Lund P. Kay 
Published: June 2021

Caloric restriction delays aging. An every other day diet (EOD) involves food ad libitum (AL) for 24 hours then food withdrawal for 24 hours. EOD results in mild or no overall caloric restriction but can improve insulin signaling and longevity. We hypothesized that EOD would impact intestinal epithelial renewal. Sox9‐EGFP reporter mice express different levels of the Sox9‐EGFP transgene in intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESC; Sox9‐EGFP Low), transit‐amplifying progenitors (TA; Sox9‐EGFP Sublow), enteroendocrine cells (EEC; Sox9‐EGFP High), and other differentiated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC; Sox9‐EGFP Negative). Sox9‐EGFP mice were fed AL or EOD for 20 weeks. Body weight, small intestine and colon weight and length did not differ between diets. EOD mice had significantly lower gonadal fat mass (60%) and no detectable mesenteric fat. Flow cytometry revealed a two‐fold increase in the proportion of jejunal Sox9‐EGFP Sublow TA progenitors in EOD mice. Cyclic food deprivation decreases adiposity without affecting body weight. Selective increases in TA progenitors may reflect an adaptation to the EOD that maximizes the proliferative capacity of the intestinal epithelium to rapidly provide absorptive villus epithelial cells when fed. Taken together, this research begins to characterize the effect of the EOD paradigm on the intestine and body composition. Grants: NIH DK040247‐19, NIH 2‐T32‐DK07686Grant Funding Source : NIH DK040247‐19
Dietary supplement users report physicians are primary source of information in East and West geographic regions
Authors: Kazaks Alexandra , Rozga Mary , Stern Judith 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess primary sources of information about dietary supplements (DS) and to determine if the sources differ between geographic regions.MethodsQuestionnaires and verification of supplement labels were used to assess DS use and sources of information for 646 healthy male and female subjects aged 21–75 who had been recruited for lipoprotein assessment studies at Tufts University and UC Davis. A chi‐square test with an alpha of 0.05 was used.ResultsDS were taken by 65.2% of participants (M 49.5%; F 50.5%). In contrast to earlier studies that showed physicians were infrequent sources of DS information, this study found the most common source of DS advice for all respondents was physicians (52.4%). Other sources of information differed significantly depending on geographic location. Those in the east were more likely to ask health food retailers or pharmacists (p<0.001). Those in the west were more likely to rely on family (p=0.002) and friends (p=0.021) and magazines/journals/news and the internet (p<0.001).ConclusionWhen DS use is discussed with health care providers more informed use and fewer possible drug‐DS interactions may occur. Physicians may benefit from increased education about DS since they will be accountable for accurate information regarding DS use. (Research support: Bastyr University)
Effect of fructose on triglycerides: a meta‐analysis of controlled feeding trials
Authors: Chiavaroli Laura , Sievenpiper John L , Mirrahimi Arash , Cozma Adrian I , de Souza Russell J , Yu Matthew , Carleton Amanda J , Beyene Joseph , Kendall Cyril WC , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHealth agencies have expressed concern that fructose may contribute to hyper‐triglyceridemia (HTG) in people with and without diabetes (DM).PurposeTo investigate the effect of fructose on triglycerides (TG), we conducted a meta‐analysis of controlled feeding trials.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library for relevant trials of ≥7days. Data were aggregated by the generic inverse variance method using random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed (Chi2) and quantified (I2). Study quality was assessed by the Heyland score.Results46 isocaloric (n=549 non‐DM, n=174 DM) and 7 hypercaloric (n=127 non‐DM) trials met eligibility criteria. In isocaloric trials, fructose did not significantly effect TG (MD= 0.05 [95% CI: −0.02, 0.12]) with significant evidence of inter‐study heterogeneity. There was no effect modification by diabetes status. In hypercaloric feeding trials, fructose had a TG‐raising effect (MD=0.32 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.56]) with significant inter‐study heterogeneity.LimitationsThe majority of the trials were <12‐weeks and of poor study quality.ConclusionsIsocaloric fructose does not have significant TG‐raising effects whereas hypercaloric trials did, however excess energy may be a cofounder.Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).Grant Funding Source : ASN
Intestinal permeability at baseline is negatively associated with change in plasma zinc concentration following short‐term zinc supplementation
Authors: Wessells K. Ryan , Hess Sonja Y. , Ouédraogo Zinewendé P. , Rouamba Noel , Goto Rie , Ouédraogo Jean-Bosco , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2021

Subclinical enteropathy is associated with malabsorption of fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins A, B12 and folate; however, little information is available on enteropathies and mineral absorption. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between intestinal mucosal function, as measured by the lactulose:mannitol (L:M) permeability test, and zinc (Zn) absorption, as estimated by the change in plasma zinc concentration (PZC) following short‐term Zn or placebo supplementation during a randomized community trial among 284 asymptomatic children 6–23 mo in Burkina Faso. Participants received either 5 mg Zn as zinc sulfate, or placebo, daily for 21 d. Mean ± SD PZC (μg/dL) at baseline was 62.9 ± 11.9 μg/dL and 63.6% of children had PZC < 65 μg/dL. Geometric mean ± SEM L:M recovery ratio was 0.05 ± 0.002 and the prevalence of altered intestinal permeability (L:M recovery ratio ≥ 0.07) was 25.7%. Following the supplementation period, the mean ± SD change in PZC (μg/dL) was significantly greater in the Zn supplemented group (15.6 ± 13.4 μg/dL) compared to the placebo group (−0.1 ± 10.9 μg/dL; P < .0001, ANOVA). Change in PZC was negatively associated with the L:M recovery ratio (P = 0.03), regardless of study group (P = 0.70). Short‐term Zn supplementation results in a large increase in PZC, but the magnitude of this response is affected by the presence of subclinical enteropathy as diagnosed by altered intestinal permeability.Grant Funding Source: Nutsiset, SAS (Malaunay, France); Henry A. Jastro Graduate Research Scholarship Award (UC Davis); Bristol‐Myers Squibb Freedom to Discover Award
Glypican‐3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Trinh Thu , Liu Chen 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesGlypican‐3 (GPC3), a cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycan, has been shown to be highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of our study is to examine the GPC3 protein processing in different HCC cell lines and human HCC tissues and to identify HCC‐specific target for immunotherapy.MethodsNormal primary hepatocytes, 5 different HCC cell lines and 40 pairs of human tumor (T) and non‐tumor (N) liver tissues (each pair from the same patient) were subjected for detection of GPC3 by Western blot. Two HCC cell lines LH86 and Huh7 were incubated with different commercial anti‐GPC3 antibodies and cell viability was determined by MTT assay.ResultsOut of 40 pairs, we found in 27 pairs (67.5%) GPC3 was processed only in tumor part. 4 over 5 HCC cell lines (80%) also expressed cleavage pattern of GPC3, whereas normal hepatocytes are negative for GPC3 expression. Anti‐GPC3 antibody specific for C‐terminal inhibited cell proliferation in dose‐dependent manner, with LH86 more susceptible to C‐17 mAb than Huh7.ConclusionWe concluded that C‐terminal of GPC3 is up‐regulated in HCC. Antibodies against GPC3 inhibited cancer cells proliferation through interaction with C‐terminal domain of GPC3, implying that this portion of GPC3 can serve as novel therapeutic target for HCC immunotherapy.This work is supported by NIH grants R01CA133086 and K26 RR023976 to CL
Threonine treatment increases heat shock protein 25 and 70 expression and decreases apoptosis in heat stressed intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Baird Christine Hamiel , Kallweit Alyssa Rene , Beck Ryan , Niederlechner Stefanie , Wischmeyer Paul Edmund 
Published: June 2021

Osmotically acting amino acids can be cytoprotective following injury in vitro and in vivo. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated as one mechanism of protection in these models. Threonine (THR) is necessary for mucin production and gut function but it's effects on HSPs are unknown. Our purpose was to investigate if THR can protect Intestinal Epithelial‐18 cells (IEC‐18) from lethal heat stress (HS) and to elucidate it's mechanism of protection. Cells were treated for 15 min +/− THR and subsequent HS injury. Cell size was evaluated via microscopy. Survival was evaluated via MTS assay and cleaved caspase‐3 (CC3). Western blot analysis was used for CC3, HSP25, and HSP70 levels. THR increased survival in a dose dependent manner (p<0.02 vs. HS alone). THR increased cell size by more than 40% (p<0.001 vs. non‐THR groups). THR decreased CC3 more than 54%, and increased HSP25 and HSP70 levels more than 5 fold in HS (p<0.02 vs. HS alone). This is the first demonstration that THR can decrease apoptosis in heat stressed intestinal cells. THR induces cell swelling and it's effects on HSP25 and HSP70 may be an integral component of THR's mechanism of cellular protection.Grant Funding Source : NIH
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy protects Brazilian adolescent mothers from excessive bone loss during lactation
Authors: Diogenes Maria Eduarda L. , Bezerra Flávia F. , Rezende Eliane P. , Taveira Maria Fernanda , Pinhal Isabel , Donangelo Carmen M. 
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the influence of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on bone mass of lactating adolescent mothers (13–19y) with habitually low calcium (655 mg/d) and vitamin D (34 IU/d) intake. Total body (TB) and lumbar spine (L1‐L4, LS) bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed by DXA at 1 and 4 mo postpartum (PP). Adolescent mothers randomly received daily calcium (600 mg) plus vitamin D3 (200 IU) supplement (n=30) or placebo (n=25) from 26 wk of gestation until parturition. Comparisons between groups were done using maternal age, height, season and period PP as covariates (ANOVA). At 1 mo PP, supplemented mothers had higher TBBMD (3%, P=0.05), LSBMD (4%, P=0.08), TBBMC (2.4%, P=0.06), and LSBMC (8.5%, P<0.05) than those in the placebo group. At 4 mo PP, differences between groups were more pronounced, with higher TBBMD (4.3%, P<0.05), LSBMD (5.9%, P<0.05), TBBMC (4.1%, P=0.06) and LSBMC (9.1%, P<0.05) in the supplemented group. Our results indicate that calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy protects adolescent mothers from excessive bone loss during lactation, especially at the lumbar spine. This protective effect persists at least up to 4 months of lactation.Financial support: CNPq and FAPERJ (Brazil).
A 3‐D geometric morphometric study of intraspecific variation in the ontogeny of the temporal bone in modern Homo sapiens
Authors: Smith Heather F , Ritzman Terrence , Otárola-Castillo Erik 
Published: June 2021

The morphology of the temporal bone has been determined to reflect both phylogenetic relationships among hominoid species and population history among modern human groups. It is a tightly genetically determined component of the skull in adults; however, it is currently unknown at what point during development this pattern emerges, and whether diverse human populations follow the same ontogenetic trajectories for temporal bone growth. To address these questions, 15 ectocranial landmarks were digitized on an ontogenetic series of temporal bones from seven human populations. A MANOVA and DFA confirmed that modern human populations are significantly different in temporal bone shape even at early developmental ages, and that they can be sorted with relative reliability. Mahalanobis distances based on temporal bone shape were also significantly correlated with molecular distances among the sampled populations at each age category, suggesting that temporal bone morphology reflects genetic distances starting very early in development and continuing into adulthood. The ontogenetic trajectories were not found to differ significantly among most pairs of populations. These findings suggest that temporal bone shape diverges and reflects genetic relatedness from an early age, after which human populations develop along similar ontogenetic trajectories to reach their adult forms.Grant Funding Source : n/a
Telomerase Biogenesis and Regulation
Authors: Baumann Peter , Tang Wen , Kannan Ram 
Published: June 2021

Telomerase is the ribonucleoprotein complex that replenishes DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes using part of an RNA subunit as template for telomeric DNA repeat synthesis. Whereas insufficient telomerase activity is associated with various degenerative disorders including dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, upregulation of telomerase is common in cancers. These observations provide substantial impetus for studying the biogenesis pathway of this RNP, how it is recruited to chromosome ends and what factors modulate its activity.We are particularly interested in the sequence of events that lead from the transcription of the core telomerase subunits to the assembly of an active RNP. Using fission yeast as a model system we have identified a sequence of molecular events that constitute the maturation pathway for the telomerase RNA subunit. Corresponding experiments relating to the catalytic subunit are presently underway with the goal of identifying key targets for telomerase regulation.
A biomedical instrumentation lab to accompany an advanced physiology course
Authors: Latman Neal S. 
Published: June 2021

To understand physiology, it is important to understand the measurement of physiological functions. The purpose of this lab is to expose students to selected principles and methods of physiological measurements, historical significance of the developments those methods and measurements, and the hands‐on, practical use of selected biomedical instruments.The lab topics include: measurement validity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reliability; normal clinical ranges; human factors; and a primer on electricity. Specific biomedical instrumentation and technology included: microfluidics/nanotechnology, electromyography, peripheral nerve sensory testing, medical nebulizers, biometric identification (fingerprints, vascular patterns, and irises), bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition, self‐monitoring of blood glucose, volatile organic compounds in breath, pulse oximetry, clinical thermometry, structural determinations (ophthalmoscope/otoscope), ultra‐violet radiation monitoring, biomedical telemetry.During the 6 years of use, the lab has been well received by the students with a mean rating of 6.1 on a scale of 1 (atrocious) to 7 (excellent) with no ratings below 4 (okay). 85% of the students rated the labs 6 (very good) or 7 (excellent).