bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geochemistry of antimony in hydrothermal solutions
Authors:   , Olsen Nellie J. 
Published: November 2021

<p>In this thesis, 30°C stibnite solubility experiments, ambient temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements of antimony in solution, and high temperature (70 to 400°C) stibnite solubility experiments were carried out in order to determine the aqueous antimony species present in equilibrium with stibnite in hydrosulfide solutions from pH = 3.5 to 12 and reduced sulfur concentrations from 0.001 to 0.1 mol kg⁻¹. Both ambient and elevated temperature solubility studies were conducted using a flow-through apparatus containing a column of stibnite grains though which solutions were pumped. Above 100°C, solubility experiments were conducted at slightly above saturated water vapour pressure to pressures of 300 bar. At 30°C, the stibnite solubility curve was best reproduced by a scheme of five species: Sb₂S₄²⁻, HSb₂S₄⁻, H₂Sb₂S₅²⁻, H₃SbS₂O, and Sb(OH)₃. At higher temperatures (≥ 70 °C), stibnite solubility at the conditions of the experiments was due to the following four species: Sb₂S₄²⁻, HSb₂S₄⁻, H₃SbS₂O, and Sb(OH)₃. Equilibrium constants were determined for the following five heterogeneous solubility reactions for the temperature ranges listed: [Please consult the thesis for details.] Stibnite solubility was independent of pressure at ≤ 350°C. At ~ 400°C, the solubility of stibnite was strongly dependent on pressure and decreased from Sbtotal = 0.015 to 0.0003 mol kg⁻¹ (~2000 to 40 ppm) with a pressure decrease from 300 to 160 bars. The Sb K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) measurements of antimony in alkaline (pH = 10. 9 to 12) hydrosulfide solutions gave average first shell coordination environments that were consistent with the speciation model derived from solubility experiments for strongly alkaline solutions (i.e., Sb₂S₄²⁻ and Sb(OH)₃). XAS data enable the elimination of a speciation model involving only monomeric antimony complexes at strongly alkaline pH. Antimony speciation in near neutral to strongly alkaline pH’s is dominated by dimeric antimony-sulfide complexes at 30°C and sulfide concentrations > 0.001 mol kg⁻¹. With increasing temperature, antimony speciation becomes increasingly dominated by Sb(OH)₃. For hydrothermal solutions with sulfide concentrations between 0.0001 and 0.01 mol kg⁻¹, antimony-sulfide complexes are predominant at < 100°C, whereas antimonous acid, Sb(OH)₃, is the main aqueous species at contributing to stibnite solubility at > 200°C with the speciation in the intervening temperature range being dependent on the pH and sulfide concentration of the solution. For higher sulfide concentrations (i.e., ~ 0.1 mol kg⁻¹), HSb₂S₄⁻ and Sb₂S₄²⁻ control stibnite solubility to higher temperatures.</p>
The Memories of Our Future: The Memories of Maūi
Authors:   , Lenihan Shannon 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis proposes a way to re-inhabit and transform the adverse identity of an old offshore oil and gas platform. Located 35 kilometers off the West Coast of Taranaki, New Zealand, the Māui A Platform (also known as MPA) is transformed in this thesis design investigation into an Environmental Centre, a living retreat for ‘children’ (in fact, for adults who will be encouraged in the design to see life through the eyes of children). The intention is to generate knowledge and awareness about the environment. The Māui A and Māui B offshore oil and gas platforms are nearing the end of their economic lifespan. Globally, the current most common decommissioning method of oil platforms involves the use of explosives at the base of the jacket. The structure is then towed to shore and dismantled. The explosives leave scars not only on the landscape the platforms once inhabited; they critically damage the surrounding marine ecology, vast numbers of marine species. This is of severe concern for the marine life and ecosystems surrounding the Māui A & Māui B Platforms as they are located in an extremely sensitive marine area where over 30 percent of the world’s cetacean species inhabit or through which they frequently migrate. Only two of these marine mammal species are not listed as ‘species of concern’ in the New Zealand Threat Classification list. The future of these platforms does not need to cause more adversity to the environment, but rather can regenerate it. By re-purposing rather than exploding and dismantling these structures, this thesis aims to propose a way to re-inhabit the Māui A Platform and transform it into an educational retreat that enables further awareness, reconciliation, restoration, and protection of marine systems, environment, and threatened marine species. This thesis explores opportunities to create a closed circuit system as a means of providing food, fresh water, water treatment and energy for the platform. To achieve this regenerative solution in ways that will resonate with those who visit the Māui A Platform, this project enters the realm of the imagination. The imagination is fundamental to learning - hence the proposition that this design be framed as both mythological and experiential. Narrative design – story telling – is explored as a tool to connect sustainable awareness and consciousness as a means to help educate the beneficiaries of this world – our ‘children’. To encourage the adult visitors to fully recognise that the beneficiaries are indeed our children, the thesis investigation will design the new Environmental Centre through the eyes of the child. As a tool to enhance the historic narrative of the site and context, the design strategically frames traces of important or unnoticed elements or equipment of the Māui A Platform. In order to be understood and engaged with by ‘children’, this project enters the realm of the imagination enabling the design to be both mythological and experiential.</p>
TINJAUAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERKAIT PENETAPAN WILAYAH KONSERVASI OLEH INGGRIS TERHADAP KEPULAUAN CAGOS YANG MASIH DALAM PERSENGKETAAN DENGAN MAURITIUS
Authors: Fristikawati Yanti , Lado Ronaldo 
Published: November 2021

Every states have the rights or jurisdiction over their territory in the land and sea, and to protect their specific environment, they also have the right to purpose part of their territory as a Protected Area. Chagos archipelago is rich in the marine biodiversity which have to protect This island which place in the Indian Ocean used to be a British Colony, and in 1968 after Mauritius independence, British still exist in Chagos island based on their agreement with Mauritius to use this island for a few year, because British also have the agreement with US to use one of the island (Diego Garcia) as US Millitary Camp. In 2010 British purpose the Chagos archipelago as a protected area, which against by Mauritius, because the Cahgos Island is not British territory, its Mauritius’s territory. Based on UNCLOS 1982 only the coastal state have the rights of their marine biodiversity in their ZEE. The Convention on Biodiversity 1992, also mentioned about the rights of states to protect their biodiversity by using as protected area. IUCN as an international organization has the guidance about protected area that can be use to discuss the Chagos marine protected areas.
A Fuzzy Rule-Based Expert System to Determine Propofol Drug Dosage in Anesthesia
Authors: Babaei Melika , Niakan Kalhori Sharareh R. , Sheybani Shima , Karim Hesam 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Inadequate anesthetic, including under or over dosage, may lead to intraoperative awareness or prolonged recovery. Fuzzy expert systems can assist anesthesiologist to manage drug dosage in a right manner. Designing a fuzzy rule-based expert system to determine the Propofol anesthetic drug dosage was the main objective of this study.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Fuzzy IF-THEN rules were defined based on evidences and experts’ linguistic rules for Propofol dose determination. Fuzzy toolbox in MATLAB software was used to design the system. Validation of system conducted with calculation of mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE). Also, difference mean between actual and predicted doses was tested with paired t-test in SPSS V.26 software. Data from 50 ENT (ears, nose, and throat) surgeries were used to validate the fuzzy system.Results: MAE for induction and maintenance doses was 0.128 and 1.95 respectively. RMSE for induction and maintenance doses was 0.228 and 3.383 respectively. Based on paired t-test result, there was no significant correlation between actual and predicted values (P>0.05).Conclusion: Obtained value from test and validation of system demonstrated a high performance and satisfying accuracy of the system. Therefore, this expert system can be used as a decision support system to determine initial dosage of anesthetic drugs. It can also be used for anesthesia students to learn drug administration.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Diagnosis and Prognosis of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review
Authors: Montazeri Mahdieh , Afraz Ali , Montazeri Mitra , Nejatzadeh Sadegh , Rahimi Fatemeh , Taherian Mohsen , Montazeri Mohadeseh , Ahmadian Leila 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Our aim in this study was to summarize information on the use of intelligent models for predicting and diagnosing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to help early and timely diagnosis of the disease.Material and Methods: A systematic literature search included articles published until 20 April 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE, ProQuest, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv databases. The search strategy consisted of two groups of keywords: A) Novel coronavirus, B) Machine learning. Two reviewers independently assessed original papers to determine eligibility for inclusion in this review. Studies were critically reviewed for risk of bias using prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.Results: We gathered 1650 articles through database searches. After the full-text assessment 31 articles were included. Neural networks and deep neural network variants were the most popular machine learning type. Of the five models that authors claimed were externally validated, we considered external validation only for four of them. Area under the curve (AUC) in internal validation of prognostic models varied from .94 to .97. AUC in diagnostic models varied from 0.84 to 0.99, and AUC in external validation of diagnostic models varied from 0.73 to 0.94. Our analysis finds all but two studies have a high risk of bias due to various reasons like a low number of participants and lack of external validation.Conclusion: Diagnostic and prognostic models for COVID-19 show good to excellent discriminative performance. However, these models are at high risk of bias because of various reasons like a low number of participants and lack of external validation. Future studies should address these concerns. Sharing data and experiences for the development, validation, and updating of COVID-19 related prediction models is needed.
Pengaruh Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Youtube Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Siswa
Authors: Ambarwati Dyah , Kurniasih Meyta Dwi 
Published: November 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa disebabkan karena pemilihan model dan media pembelajaran yang kurang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Problem Based Learning berbantu media YouTube terhadap kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, jenis True Eksperiment. Desain yang digunakan Posttest only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMPN 62 Jakarta. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 kelas, yaitu kelas VIII-4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII-3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling dimana kedua kelas berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan, yaitu tes kemampuan literasi numerasi yang telah di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil pengujian hipotesis uji-t diperoleh thitung= 3,339 > ttabel=1,994 pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dengan demikian H0 ditolak, sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol. Kemudian diperoleh nilai Effect Size sebesar 0,710 dengan interpretasi kategori sedang. Maka, Problem Based Learning berbantuan media YouTube memberikan pengaruh terhadap kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa kelas VIII.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa SMA Kelas X Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Tipe Pisa Konten Change and Relationship
Authors: Farida Rohmah Nila , Qohar Abd , Rahardjo Swasono 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan capaian kemampuan literasi matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tipe PISA konten change and relationship. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes kemampuan literasi matematis dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X SMAN Mojoagung Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 yang masing-masing satu orang berkemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Data yang didapatkan kemudian direduksi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan memperhatikan indikator-indikator kemampuan proses matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa berkemampuan tinggi mampu menunjukkan kemampuan literasi matematis yang baik, yakni siswa mampu memenuhi ketiga aspek proses matematis yakni formulate, employ dan interprete dengan baik. Siswa berkemampuan sedang hanya mampu memenuhi dua indikator pada aspek proses matematis yakni formulate dan employ. Siswa berkemampuan rendah tidak dapat memenuhi seluruh indikator pada aspek proses matematis, siswa berkemampuan rendah hanya memenuhi satu aspek proses matematis yakni formulate. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, agar meneliti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kemampuan literasi matematis pada jenjang SMA/sederajat.
التنمر الأخوي وخطورته - قصة يوسف عليه السلام- أنموذجا
Authors: عبد علي شبيب المحمدي يوسف 
Published: November 2021

تناول البحث الموسوم " التنمر الأخوي وخطورته - قصة يوسف أنموذجا-" . بيان أشد أنواع التنمر خطورةً ، ويمكن أن يُسمى العنف الصامت ؛ لأنه – غالباً- لا يُلقى له أهمية من قبل الوالدين مع ما يحويه من خطورة بالغة ، حيث يتعرض الأفراد إلى الأذى الجسدي الذي قد يصل إلى حالات الإصابة الشديدة أو الإعاقة أو القتل ، ولعل في قصة يوسف عليه السلام خير مثال على ذلك .
وتبرز أهمية البحث : ببيان أن التنمر الذي يمارسه بعض الأبناء تجاه إخوتهم، قد يكون أكثر خطورة من أي تعدٍ آخر، فالمتنمِّر يكون مطلعاً على جميع عيوب المتنمَّر عليه بحكم التقارب بينهما مما يجعله فريسة سهلة للتنمر.
ويهدف البحث الى بيان الخطورة العظمى للتنمر الأخوي، وأثر ذلك التعدي على التفكك الأسري التي هي نواة المجتمع.
وقد قُسِّم البحث الى مقدمة ومبحثين ، وخاتمة ، فالمقدمة احتوت على أهمية الموضوع وأهدافه.
وأما المبحث الأول: فقد تناول مفهوم التنمر، وموقف القرآن الكريم منه، وبيان خطورته ، وعلاجه.
وأما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول التنمر في قصة نبي الله يوسف عليه السلام ببيان الباعث على التنمر الأخوي ، وأنواعه في القصة ، وموقف المتنمَّر عليه.
وأنهيت البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها البحث .
استدعاءُ الفلكِ والأجرامِ السماويَّةِ في شعرِ أبي الفتحِ البُستيّ (ت 400هـ )
Authors: عبد الحسين جبير علي 
Published: November 2021

تعدُّ ظاهرة استدعاء الفلك والأجرام السماويَّة في شعرِ أبي الفتح البُستي من أهم المميزات والخصائص الأُسلوبية التي تميَّزَ بها هذا الشاعر العباسي ، إذْ تلوَّنت أشعارهُ بعشرات الألفاظ الدَّالة على الفلك والنُّجوم ، إذْ مزج الشاعرُ من خلالها بين مكونات الطبيعة من جهةٍ ، وما يجدهُ من دلالات متشابكةٍ تحاكي واقع ما تحملهُ هذه الظواهر من رموز وحركةٍ وثباتٍ وأفولٍ من جهةٍ ثانيةٍ ، إذْ أصبحتْ رافداً ثراً استلهم أبو الفتح البُستي منه الصورة الشعرية المؤثرة والمكثفة للتعبير عن الأغراض والمقاصد التي تجول في وجدانهِ وخاطرهِ .
Hypoglycemic effects of antioxidant-rich plant extracts on postprandial glycemic responses in participants with prediabetes (GLARE study)
Authors: Lim Wen Xin Janice , Gammon Cheryl S. , Von Hurst Pamela R. , Chepulis Lynne , Mugridge Owen , Page Rachel A. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Plant extracts may help to improve glycemic control in individuals with poor glycemic control. However, few studies have been investigated in the prediabetes cohort, which is a high-risk condition for T2DM. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the acute effect of grape seed, rooibos tea, and olive leaf extracts on postprandial blood glucose and insulin in participants with prediabetes. Methods: An acute, single-blind, placebo-controlled, non-randomized, crossover study (ACTRN12617000837325) where placebo and extracts of grape seed, rooibos tea and olive leaf standardized for total antioxidant capacity were given separately during an oral glucose tolerance test to participants (n=19, five men and fourteen women, aged 65.0 ± 1.6 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 27.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2) with prediabetes (Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 42 ± 1 mmol/mol). The primary outcome incremental area under the curve of glucose (iAUCglucose) was examined with other glycemic measures. Data was analyzed using linear mixed model for repeated measures. Secondary analysis was conducted by stratifying participants into either a healthier or less healthy subgroup based on the postprandial time to glucose and insulin peaks, with the less healthy subgroup experiencing delayed glucose and/or insulin peaks.Results: There were no overall significant changes to glucose and insulin measures between all plant extracts and placebo (p>0.05). Upon secondary analysis, all extracts affected glycemic responses in the less healthy subgroup. Compared to placebo, grape seed reduced plasma iAUCglucose(p=0.016, 21.9% reduction), 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPG) (p=0.034, 14.7% reduction) and metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCRglucose) (p=0.016, 16.7% increase). It also improved insulin indices such as 2 h postprandial insulin (2hPI) (p=0.029, 22.4% reduction) and Stumvoll overall insulin sensitivity index (ISIoverall) (p=0.028, 15.0% increase). Rooibos tea extract significantly improved β-cell function as demonstrated by the increased oral disposition index (DI) (p=0.031, 32.4% increase) compared to placebo. Olive leaf extract significantly increased incremental area under the curve of insulin (iAUCinsulin) (p=0.040, 16.7% increase). Conclusion: Grape seed, rooibos tea and olive leaf extracts demonstrated acute hypoglycemic benefits in adults with prediabetes and having less healthy metabolic profiles. A chronic study on the plant extracts is warranted to determine their longer-term impact on prediabetes.Trial Registration ID: ACTRN12617000837325Keywords: grape seed extract; rooibos tea extract; olive leaf extract; impaired glycemic control; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemic effects; insulin sensitivity; beta-cell function
Is There Any Evidence of Monocytes Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease? A Pilot Study on Human Postmortem Brain
Authors: Monoranu Camelia-Maria , Hartmann Tim , Strobel Sabrina , Heinsen Helmut , Riederer Peter , Distel Luitpold , Bohnert Simone 
Published: November 2021

Background: The role of neuroinflammation has become more evident in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Increased expression of microglial markers is widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but much less is known about the role of monocytes in AD pathogenesis. In AD animal models, bone marrow-derived monocytes appear to infiltrate the parenchyma and contribute to the phagocytosis of amyloid-β depositions, but this infiltration has not been established in systematic studies of the human brain postmortem. Objective: In addition to assessing the distribution of different subtypes of microglia by immunostaining for CD68, HLA-DR, CD163, and CD206, we focused on the involvement of C-chemokine receptor type2 (CCR2) positive monocytes during the AD course. Methods: We used formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from four vulnerable brain regions (hippocampus, occipital lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum) from neuropathologically characterized AD cases at different Braak stages and age-matched controls. Results: Only singular migrated CCR2-positive cells were found in all brain regions and stages. The brainstem showed the highest number of positive cells overall, followed by the hippocampus. This mechanism of recruitment seems to work less efficiently in the human brain at an advanced age, and the ingress of monocytes obviously takes place in much reduced numbers or not at all. Conclusion: In contrast to studies on animal models, we observed only a quite low level of myeloid monocytes associated with AD pathology. Furthermore, we provide evidence associating early microglial reactions carried out in particular by pro-inflammatory cells with early effects on tangle- and plaque-positive vulnerable brain regions.
Erobots and the deterritorialization of eroticism
Authors: Schussler Aura-Elena 
Published: November 2021

As a result of its accelerated evolution in the early 21st Century, technology has already extended far beyond mere instrumental status. In the not too distant future we can expect technology to move towards a new dimension in terms of fusing with human nature; most notably in the field of intimacy towards what are known as erobots (i.e., sexbots, augmented erotic characters, erotic chatbots, erotic avatars, etc.). Given that these erobots have every chance to become part of a future eroticism, this places erobots beyond the onto-metaphysical grounding of the Western tradition regarding objects. This is an aspect that attracts the dissolution of the anthropocentric legacy of Western metaphysics, within the parameters of OOO, by showing that, in this paradigm, so-called human uniqueness is suffering an ontological twist. To show this I am investigating, the scenario that involves the relationship between a sexbot and a human, alongside of that between two sexbots, within the limits of OOO. Consequently, I am addressing the issue of how a sexbot relates to both a human agent and to another sexbot. I am also analyzing the perspective in which a future presence of erobots in the intimate life of the individual will twist the traditional image of eroticism in Western culture. This perspective is opening a deconstructing process with regard to human exceptionalism – analyzed within the limits of the ‘deterritorialization’ of eroticism – from the traditional structures of Western metaphysical heritage. Such deterritorialization emphasizes the paradigm shift in which eroticism is leaving the familiar terrain of the metaphysics of presence and the fixed structures of societies’ ‘strata’. Thus, following the philosophical thinking of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, the ‘reterritorialization’ of eroticism – in the fluid, transversal and rhizomatic network of technology – is an ongoing, ever-changing process, taking place in the immanent sphere of techno-eroticism’s ‘plane of consistency’.