bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility Behavior of Turkish Migrant Men in Europe Compared to Stayers at Origin
Authors: Milewski Nadja , Baykara-Krumme Helen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the fertility behavior of Turkish men in Europe from a context of origin perspective. Men of the first and subsequent migrant generations are compared with “stayers” from the same regions of origin in Turkey. We pay special attention to the men’s reasons for migration by distinguishing between work and nonwork motivations for migration. We use data from the 2000 Families Study, which was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in Turkey and in western European countries; the sample consists of about 3,500 men. We analyze the transitions to fatherhood as well as to second and third births using event-history analyses; and we investigate the cumulated number of children using Poisson regression analysis. As the men were aged 18–92 at the data collection, we carry out separate models for birth cohort groups. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis of the interrelatedness of events. First-generation migrant men show elevated first birth transitions, which are closely linked to marriage and migration. However, in contrast to the pattern that is often found for women, this effect is observed for labor as well as for nonwork migrants. The rates of transition to a second and a third birth differ less from those of stayers. Analyses of cumulated fertility at age 41 or older further suggest that the migrants’ overall numbers of children are smaller than those of the stayers in Turkey. Thus, our findings indicate that there are dissimilation processes and crossover trends among emigrant men characterized by higher rates of transition to family formation linked to migration but lower overall fertility.
GAMPAL: an anomaly detection mechanism for Internet backbone traffic by flow size prediction with LSTM-RNN
Authors: Wakui Taku , Kondo Takao , Teraoka Fumio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a general-purpose anomaly detection mechanism for Internet backbone traffic named GAMPAL (General-purpose Anomaly detection Mechanism using Prefix Aggregate without Labeled data). GAMPAL does not require labeled data to achieve general-purpose anomaly detection. For scalability to the number of entries in the BGP RIB (Border Gateway Protocol Routing Information Base), GAMPAL introduces prefix aggregate. The BGP RIB entries are classified into prefix aggregates, each of which is identified with the first three AS (Autonomous System) numbers in the AS_PATH attribute. GAMPAL establishes a prediction model for traffic sizes based on past traffic sizes. It adopts a LSTM-RNN (Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network) model that focuses on the periodicity of the Internet traffic patterns at a weekly scale. The validity of GAMPAL is evaluated using real traffic information, BGP RIBs exported from the WIDE backbone network (AS2500), a nationwide backbone network for research and educational organizations in Japan, and the dataset of an ISP (Internet Service Provider) in Spain. As a result, GAMPAL successfully detects anomalies such as increased traffic due to an event, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks targeted at a stub organization, a connection failure, an SSH (Secure Shell) scan attack, and anomaly spam.
A Machine Learning Methodology for Identification and Triage of Heart Failure Exacerbations
Authors: Morrill James , Qirko Klajdi , Kelly Jacob , Ambrosy Andrew , Toro Botros , Smith Ted , Wysham Nicholas , Fudim Marat , Swaminathan Sumanth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Inadequate at-home management and self-awareness of heart failure (HF) exacerbations are known to be leading causes of the greater than 1 million estimated HF-related hospitalizations in the USA alone. Most current at-home HF management protocols include paper guidelines or exploratory health applications that lack rigor and validation at the level of the individual patient. We report on a novel triage methodology that uses machine learning predictions for real-time detection and assessment of exacerbations. Medical specialist opinions on statistically and clinically comprehensive, simulated patient cases were used to train and validate prediction algorithms. Model performance was assessed by comparison to physician panel consensus in a representative, out-of-sample validation set of 100 vignettes. Algorithm prediction accuracy and safety indicators surpassed all individual specialists in identifying consensus opinion on existence/severity of exacerbations and appropriate treatment response. The algorithms also scored the highest sensitivity, specificity, and PPV when assessing the need for emergency care.

Lay summary
Here we develop a machine-learning approach for providing real-time decision support to adults diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The algorithm achieves higher exacerbation and triage classification performance than any individual physician when compared to physician consensus opinion.

Graphical abstract
Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 circulating in children in Beijing, China from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Hu Ya-Fang , Jia Li-Ping , Yu Fang-Yuan , Liu Li-Ying , Song Qin-Wei , Dong Hui-Jin , Deng Jie , Qian Yuan , Zhao Lin-Qing , Deng Li , Huang Hui , Zhu Ru-Nan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16.

Methods
Throat swabs were collected from children with HFMD and suspected HFMD during 2010–2019. Enteroviruses (EVs) were detected and typed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR. The genotype, evolutionary rate, the most recent common ancestor, population dynamics and selection pressure of CVA16 were analyzed based on viral protein gene (VP1) by bioinformatics software.

Results
A total of 4709 throat swabs were screened. EVs were detected in 3180 samples and 814 were CVA16 positive. More than 81% of CVA16-positive children were under 5 years old. The prevalence of CVA16 showed obvious periodic fluctuations with a high level during 2010–2012 followed by an apparent decline during 2013–2017. However, the activities of CVA16 increased gradually during 2018–2019. All the Beijing CVA16 strains belonged to sub-genotype B1, and B1b was the dominant strain. One B1c strain was detected in Beijing for the first time in 2016. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of VP1 gene was 4.49 × 10–3 substitution/site/year. Methionine gradually fixed at site-23 of VP1 since 2012. Two sites were detected under episodic positive selection, one of which (site-223) located in neutralizing linear epitope PEP71.

Conclusions
The dominant strains of CVA16 belonged to clade B1b and evolved in a fast evolutionary rate during 2010–2019 in Beijing. To provide more favorable data for HFMD prevention and control, it is necessary to keep attention on molecular epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16.
Composting as Sustainable Managing Option for Seaweed Blooms on Recreational Beaches
Authors: Madejón Engracia , Panettieri Marco , Madejón Paula , Pérez-de-Mora Alfredo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Seaweed blooms are an irregular but frequent phenomenon in many coastal areas and during the touristic season, can cause limitations for recreational use of beaches. Here, we propose composting of seaweed removed from the shoreline as alternative to current management practices (e.g. disposal in landfills or incineration).

Methods
A co-composting strategy with garden prune waste was chosen for the treatment of seaweed blooms removed from the beaches. Composting was performed in windrows of 10 m long, 1.5 m wide and 1 m high using different ratios of algae and garden prune residues (1:2; 1:1 and 2:1) at a composting facility in Rota (Cádiz, Spain).

Results
Characteristic temperature profiles consisting of a very brief mesophilic phase, a 15–20-day thermophilic phase (maximum of 50–70 °C) and a second mesophilic phase (40–35ºC) after 30–50 days were observed. After curing for more than 160 days, a stabilized non-phytotoxic composted material (50–70 g kg−1 C; 2–3 g kg−1 N; C/N ratio of 21–27 and electrical conductivity between 1.8–2.4 mS cm−1) was obtained. Composting worked best using a 2:1 ratio (prune waste:algae). The composted organic material showed larger presence of stabilized lignin-derived compounds as assessed via nuclear magnetic resonance. No odors were detected during the composting process suggesting that open-air treatment is feasible.

Conclusion
The co-composting strategy provides a safe, local and sustainable approach to deal with seaweed blooms during peaks of recreational use and in situations where algae have to be removed.

Graphic Abstract
Karst groundwater vulnerability assessment: application of an integrative index-based approach to main catchments of middle Valseriana springs (Northern Italy)
Authors: Citrini Andrea , Camera Corrado A. S. , Alborghetti Francesca , Beretta Giovanni Pietro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aim was to assess the intrinsic vulnerability of the middle Valseriana (northern Italy) through a methodology that could fully consider the peculiar characteristics of the Pre-Alps region. After applying classical methods for karst environments (COP and EPIK), the integrative COPA+K method was developed for the Nossana (dominant drainage system) and Ponte del Costone (dispersive circulation system) spring catchments. The COPA+K approach exploits the potential of the COP method with the addition of two factors: the influence of the main discontinuities on the water system according to their distance from the spring (A factor), and the development of the karst network (K factor). The COP and COPA+K maps were validated based on the characteristic correlation, for the study area, between the values of δ18O and the elevation of recharge areas. Compared to COP, the COPA+K results appeared more stringent in the identification of areas characterized by high vulnerability, which passed from 35.6% to 23.6% of the entire study area. COPA+K also made possible to better differentiate the behavior of the two catchments. In terms of high susceptible areas, their percentage difference increased by 12.3%, correctly emphasizing the greater susceptibility of the Nossana drainage system in comparison with the Ponte del Costone dispersive one. For the COPA+K map, in the Nossana catchment, the δ18O values indicated a good agreement between the mean elevation of high vulnerable and water recharge areas (± 106 m). For Ponte del Costone, the isotopic data indicated a possible mixing with the waters of the Serio River.
Platelet Activation and Chemokine Release Are Related to Local Neutrophil-Dominant Inflammation During Hyperacute Human Stroke
Authors: Kollikowski Alexander M. , Pham Mirko , März Alexander G. , Papp Lena , Nieswandt Bernhard , Stoll Guido , Schuhmann Michael K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExperimental evidence has emerged that local platelet activation contributes to inflammation and infarct formation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) which awaits confirmation in human studies. We conducted a prospective observational study on 258 consecutive patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) due to large-vessel-occlusion stroke of the anterior circulation (08/2018–05/2020). Intraprocedural microcatheter aspiration of 1 ml of local (occlusion condition) and systemic arterial blood samples (self-control) was performed according to a prespecified protocol. The samples were analyzed for differential leukocyte counts, platelet counts, and plasma levels of the platelet-derived neutrophil-activating chemokine C-X-C-motif ligand (CXCL) 4 (PF-4), the neutrophil attractant CXCL7 (NAP-2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The clinical-biological relevance of these variables was corroborated by specific associations with molecular-cellular, structural-radiological, hemodynamic, and clinical-functional parameters. Seventy consecutive patients fulfilling all predefined criteria entered analysis. Mean local CXCL4 (+ 39%: 571 vs 410 ng/ml, P = .0095) and CXCL7 (+ 9%: 693 vs 636 ng/ml, P = .013) concentrations were higher compared with self-controls. Local platelet counts were lower (− 10%: 347,582 vs 383,284/µl, P = .0052), whereas neutrophil counts were elevated (+ 10%: 6022 vs 5485/µl, P = 0.0027). Correlation analyses revealed associations between local platelet and neutrophil counts (r = 0.27, P = .034), and between CXCL7 and MPO (r = 0.24, P = .048). Local CXCL4 was associated with the angiographic degree of reperfusion following recanalization (r =  − 0.2523, P = .0479). Functional outcome at discharge correlated with local MPO concentrations (r = 0.3832, P = .0014) and platelet counts (r = 0.288, P = .0181). This study provides human evidence of cerebral platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil interactions during AIS and points to the relevance of per-ischemic thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms to impaired reperfusion and worse functional outcome following recanalization.
Isotropic uncharged model with compactness and stable configurations
Authors: Prasad Amit Kumar , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study we have obtained a new exact model for relativistic stellar object by solving Einstein’s field equation with help of Buchdahl metric. The model is capable to represent some known compact stars like Her X-1,4U 1538-52 and SAX J1808.4-3658. The model satisfies the regularity, casuality, stability and energy conditions. Using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations, we explore the hydrostatic equilibrium for an uncharged case. We have also compared these conditions with graphical representations that provide strong evidences for more realistic and viable models.
Hybrid type multi-robot path planning of a serial manipulator and SwarmItFIX robots in sheet metal milling process
Authors: Veeramani Satheeshkumar , Muthuswamy Sreekumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work investigates on the coordinated locomotion between a ceiling-mounted serial manipulator and two SwarmItFIX robots. The former holds the machining tool as an end effector, and the other two robots act as swarm robotic fixtures in a sheet metal milling process. A novel offline coordination planner which follows the hierarchical based hybrid type decentralized planning strategy has been proposed. Motion of the serial manipulator and SwarmItFIX robots’ coordinated locomotion are divided into three sub-problems, viz, trajectory planning of serial manipulator, task planning of SwarmItFIX robots, and homogenous prioritized multi-robot path planning of SwarmItFIX robots. Mathematical formulation of all the three sub-problems is developed and presented in this paper. A hexagonal segment that fits inside the boundaries of the workspace is considered as the machining trajectory. The tool velocity is assumed to be constant as it improves the quality of machining. The results obtained from the proposed planner is found to be efficient as the task planning module has computed the precise support locations and support duration for the SwarmItFIX robots. The multi-robot path planning module of the planner computes the optimal collision-free paths of SwarmItFIX robots for all goal positions. Finally, trajectories of SwarmItFIX robots are found to be completely in-line with the trajectory of tool center point (TCP) of the serial manipulator.
Hybrid artificial neural network and structural equation modelling techniques: a survey
Authors: Albahri A. S. , Alnoor Alhamzah , Zaidan A. A. , Albahri O. S. , Hameed Hamsa , Zaidan B. B. , Peh S. S. , Zain A. B. , Siraj S. B. , Masnan A. H. B. , Yass A. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTopical treatments with structural equation modelling (SEM) and an artificial neural network (ANN), including a wide range of concepts, benefits, challenges and anxieties, have emerged in various fields and are becoming increasingly important. Although SEM can determine relationships amongst unobserved constructs (i.e. independent, mediator, moderator, control and dependent variables), it is insufficient for providing non-compensatory relationships amongst constructs. In contrast with previous studies, a newly proposed methodology that involves a dual-stage analysis of SEM and ANN was performed to provide linear and non-compensatory relationships amongst constructs. Consequently, numerous distinct types of studies in diverse sectors have conducted hybrid SEM–ANN analysis. Accordingly, the current work supplements the academic literature with a systematic review that includes all major SEM–ANN techniques used in 11 industries published in the past 6 years. This study presents a state-of-the-art SEM–ANN classification taxonomy based on industries and compares the effort in various domains to that classification. To achieve this objective, we examined the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus and IEEE Xplore® databases to retrieve 239 articles from 2016 to 2021. The obtained articles were filtered on the basis of inclusion criteria, and 60 studies were selected and classified under 11 categories. This multi-field systematic study uncovered new research possibilities, motivations, challenges, limitations and recommendations that must be addressed for the synergistic integration of multidisciplinary studies. It contributed two points of potential future work resulting from the developed taxonomy. First, the importance of the determinants of play, musical and art therapy adoption amongst autistic children within the healthcare sector is the most important consideration for future investigations. In this context, the second potential future work can use SEM–ANN to determine the barriers to adopting sensing-enhanced therapy amongst autistic children to satisfy the recommendations provided by the healthcare sector. The analysis indicates that the manufacturing and technology sectors have conducted the most number of investigations, whereas the construction and small- and medium-sized enterprise sectors have conducted the least. This study will provide a helpful reference to academics and practitioners by providing guidance and insightful knowledge for future studies.
Movement building responses to COVID-19: lessons from the JASS mobilisation fund
Authors: Okech Awino , Essof Shereen , Carlsen Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article draws on the work of Just Associates (JASS), a feminist movement support organisation that strengthens the leadership and organising capacity of community-based women networks in Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, and Mesoamerica, to transform the structures that perpetuate inequality and violence. We analyse qualitative interviews and surveys drawn from recipients of the JASS mobilisation fund (JMF), an innovative financial crisis support mechanism for feminist movements. We argue that localisation strategies deployed by women’s networks supported by the JMF in response to COVID-19, challenge dominant humanitarian responses that de-centre feminist movements, local knowledge, and expertise. By accounting for local knowledge generated from long histories of movement building, building collective power, and challenging racialised and gendered responses to humanitarian crises, women’s collectives and networks supported through the JMF developed contextually relevant responses that challenge patriarchal structural barriers heightened by COVID-19.
Golovinomyces longipes (Noordel. & Loer.) L. Kiss on Matricaria chamomilla L.: another host range expansion
Authors: Götz M. , Braun U. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGolovinomyces longipes is a widespread powdery mildew on Solanaceae (Nicotiana, Petunia and Solanum spp.). In the past, it has been reported only once on Verbena (Verbenaceae), a non-solanaceaous host. Recently, this powdery mildew has been found on the composite Matricaria chamomilla. The identification of the powdery mildew species on this unusual host has been proved by morphological studies and DNA sequence analysis. Both datasets coincide with the characteristic data for G. longipes on Solanaceae. First inoculation experiments with further composites resulted in an infection of Brachyscome hybrid ‘Surdaisy’. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. lonigpes on hosts belonging to the important family of Asteraceae and an additional proof of the broader host range of G. longipes beyond the Solanaceae.
Seismic ground response by twin lined tunnels with different cross sections
Authors: Panji Mehdi , Mojtabazadeh-Hasanlouei Saeed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the geometrical effects of shallow twin lined tunnels with different cross sections are investigated to obtain the anti-plane seismic ground motion under vertical/horizontal incident planeSHwaves. A model of long two-dimensional lined tunnels is established and embedded in a homogeneous linear elastic half-plane by an applied numerical time-domain boundary element approach. In addition to a brief introduction to the formulation of the method, by considering five tunnel sections including circular, elliptical, horseshoe, square and rectangular, the surface response is sensitized to observe the normalized displacement amplitude/amplification ratio. In this regard, the angle of the incident wave and the frequency of the response are also included in changing the response pattern. To illustrate the results in both time and frequency domains, they are presented as blanket charts, snapshots, and three-/two-dimensional diagrams. The results showed that the seismic response of the surface is extremely affected by the geometric parameters of underground tunnels, which can create different conditions on the ground surface with shifting the direction of the wavefront.Article HighlightsGeometrical effect of twin horizontally overlapping lined tunnels.Applying a time-domain half-plane boundary element method.Illustrating the response in time and frequency domains.The effect of depth and distance ratios on the seismic ground motion.Propagating vertical and horizontal incident SH-wave type.Graphic Abstract
Economic Diversification Trends in the Gulf: the Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Naimi Sarah Muhanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA national economy which is dependent on income from just one source is vulnerable, especially when that income comes from non-renewable resources. The sustainable prosperity of an economy thus relies on the successful implementation of economic diversification. Diversification is key to creating an attractive, flourishing environment in a country and improving the quality of its institutions and its citizens’ lives. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are accelerating their efforts to achieve economic diversification, with their national visions reflecting a shared aim of securing permanent high standards of living for future generations. After the first boom in oil prices in 1970, Saudi Arabia’s government introduced primary development plans to diversify its economy. In 2016, it announced its 2030 vision to establish sustainable growth through economic diversification. The economic diversification strategy of Saudi Arabia is founded on several pillars, including investment in human capital and education and investment in non-oil sectors such as tourism. This paper aims to analyze the economic diversification trends in the GCC region with a special focus on Saudi Arabia as a case study. Within this wider context, the paper will concentrate on Saudi Arabia’s efforts to achieve diversification by building a knowledge-based economy. Focusing on the quality of education and research improves the human capital available in the country which contributes to the growth of the economy. Results reveal that although Saudi Arabia has embarked on its diversification plans, the current status of oil prices, the deficit in the Saudi general budget, and the country’s traditional educational system will hinder and slow this process.