bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of laser ablation of gold in melts of inorganic salts
Authors: Zhilnikova M.I. , Rakov I.I. , Uvarov O.V. , Shafeev G.A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nanosecond laser ablation of a bulk gold target in a melt of a sodium nitrate salt is investigated. It is shown that the form of plasma plumes on the target surface during ablation depends on the laser beam scan rate. The extinction spectra of sodium nitrate composites with gold nanoparticles during solidification is analysed.
The consequences of online partisan media
Authors: Guess Andrew M. , Barberá Pablo , Munzert Simon , Yang JungHwan 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Popular wisdom suggests that the internet plays a major role in influencing people’s attitudes and behaviors related to politics, such as by providing slanted sources of information. Yet evidence for this proposition is elusive due to methodological difficulties and the multifaceted nature of online media effects. This study breaks ground by demonstrating a nudge-like approach for exploring these effects through a combination of real-world experimentation and computational social science techniques. The results confirm that it is difficult for people to be persuaded by competing media accounts during a contentious election campaign. At the same time, data from a longer time span suggest that the real consequence of online partisan media may be an erosion of trust in mainstream news.
miR
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218
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2
regulates cognitive functions in the hippocampus through complement component 3–dependent modulation of synaptic vesicle release
Authors: Lu Si-Yao , Fu Chong-Lei , Liang Liang , Yang Bo , Shen Wei , Wang Qiu-Wen , Chen Yun , Chen Yan-Fen , Liu Yao-Nan , Zhu Lin , Zhao Jieqing , Shi Wei , Mi Shuangli , Yao Jun 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive symptoms show an abnormal expression of microRNA-218 (miR-218). In this study, we demonstrated that miR-218 regulated presynaptic functions and learning related behaviors through targeting the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA of complement component 3 (C3), a central component of the immune system. This finding may represent a common mechanism for the defective cognition of multiple neuronal disorders with miR-218 deficits and provide a strategy for the development of new therapy.
Virus-induced cell gigantism and asymmetric cell division in archaea
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Cvirkaite-Krupovic Virginija , Baquero Diana P. , Yang Yunfeng , Zhang Qi , Shen Yulong , Krupovic Mart 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Studies on bacterial and eukaryotic viruses have revealed a range of strategies used by viruses to subdue host cells for efficient virus replication. How archaeal viruses interact with their hosts remains largely unknown. We characterize a new strategy employed by a nonlytic archaeal virus STSV2 to transform its host into a giant virion-producing factory, whereby the virus infection blocks normal cell division by binary fission, leading to gradual cell growth to unprecedented sizes. The giant infected cells divide asymmetrically by budding, replenishing the pool of susceptible hosts. Thus, although tinkering with the cell cycle is a common practice among evolutionarily unrelated viruses from different domains of life, the mechanisms and manifestation of these actions can be highly diverse and unexpected.
The crystal structure of a 250-kDa heterotetrameric particle explains inhibition of sheddase meprin β by endogenous fetuin-B
Authors: Eckhard Ulrich , Körschgen Hagen , von Wiegen Nele , Stöcker Walter , Gomis-Rüth F. Xavier 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Membrane-bound metallopeptidases cut substrates as “sheddases” on the cell surface. Due to the irreversibility of peptide bond cleavage, they are regulated by specific, colocalizing protein inhibitors. We solved the crystal structure of the complex between the ectomoiety of the human integral membrane sheddase, meprin β (Mβ), and its only reported endogenous protein inhibitor, fetuin-B (FB), which reveals a large particle of ∼250-kDa and ∼160-Å maximal dimension. Our results unveiled a sophisticated “raised elephant trunk” mechanism as the structural basis for the very strong inhibition of Mβ by FB. Moreover, we derived a functional model for Mβ on the cell membrane, which foresees a transition between a membrane-proximal and a membrane-distal position for catalytic and inhibitory functions, respectively.
Turn-on mode diarylethenes for bioconjugation and fluorescence microscopy of cellular structures
Authors: Uno Kakishi , Aktalay Ayse , Bossi Mariano L. , Irie Masahiro , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
In superresolution fluorescence microscopy, employing synthetic dyes that can be reversibly photoswitched between a nonfluorescent (“dark”) and a fluorescent (“bright”) state has been an attractive alternative to using photoswitchable fluorescent proteins. However, employing such synthetic dyes has been elusive because they have defied reliable attachment to proteins and required UV light for photoswitching. Here we prepared “turn-on mode” fluorescent diarylethenes (fDAEs) that are switchable with visible rather than UV light and blink between a bright fluorescent and a dark state in aqueous buffers. Moreover, our thienyl-substituted fDAEs effectively labeled two thiol groups on nanobodies bearing a single maleimide tag. With these small-sized probes, we acquired superresolution images of vimentin filaments in cells by applying just yellow (561 nm) light.
Lepidium draba (hoary cress).
Authors: Weyl Philip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Lepidium draba is found in a wide range of habitats ranging from roadsides (highly disturbed sites) to rangelands, meadows and pastures, cultivated fields, home gardens, national parks and wasteland. It exists at high and low latitudes, above and below sea level. It is found under irrigation and in soils of high moisture content and also exists in arid regions. It invades all soil types, although it prefers alkaline conditions and can germinate in saline soils. All of these characteristics and adaptations provide exceptional advantages for this noxious weed and reflect its high potential to invade different agricultural systems. The absence of L. draba plants from plantations or sites where it has not been reported may not be due to the species' ability to invade, survive, grow or develop in these sites but rather to the absence of initial infestation. The weed can invade both agricultural and natural ecosystems (Larson et al., 2000). In summary, L. draba is a serious threat to agriculture and the environment. It is of a high ecological tolerance and is potentially harmful to human and animal health. Its ability to invade and reproduce by different means and to host plant pathogenic agents make this weed invasive with significant problems to man and natural resources.
Senna occidentalis (coffee senna).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

S. occidentalis is an annual to short lived perennial herb to small shrub with a pantropical distribution (PROTA, 2016). It is reported as invasive throughout Oceania, and various countries in Asia and Africa, where is reported as introduced (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; PIER, 2016). Within its native range S. occidentalis is listed as invasive for Cuba by Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012). This species is recognised as an invasive herb or a problematic weed that affects crops and plantations all over its range (PIER, 2016). For example, in the Northern Territory, Australia, it is a class B declared weed, i.e. spread to be controlled in all of the Territory (Flanagan, 1998). This weed is a problem in seven states of the USA and is increasing in eight others (Teem et al., 1980). Its ability to colonize a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions is epitomized by its occurrence in East Africa where it is found at altitudes of 0-1740 metres above sea level (Brenan, 1967). Though probably less important than the related weeds, S. obtusifolia and S. tora, S. occidentalis has the potential to become a weed of more widespread significance. In the USA it is on the regulated invasive list for Florida (Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2016).
Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening).
Authors: Arengo Esther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The Asian form of Huanglongbing is considered very invasive due to the cryptic nature of the disease and its ability to be transported either in infected plant material or infective psyllids, in which the disease can persist for up to 3 months (da Graca and Korsten, 2004). Yield losses due to this disease have been estimated to be between 30% and 100%, depending on the proportion of the canopy affected and the age of the trees during inoculation (Gottwald, 2010; Ammar et al., 2011). History has shown that the appearance of the vector in a country will almost guarantee the appearance of the disease in the future, e.g. in Brazil and Florida, USA. The species and its vector are on several alert lists including the EPPO A1 Regulated Quarantine Plant Pests.
Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. odorata is a very widely distributed tropical shrub that is still expanding its range, and is considered one of the world's worst weeds. It continues to spread due to its effective short- and long-distance dispersal. It can form pure stands where established, often in disturbed areas, grasslands, fallow areas and forestry plantations, and is highly competitive. It is viewed as a major environmental weed, but is appreciated by some agriculturalists as it shortens fallow time in shifting cultivation.
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug).
Authors: Leskey Tracey C. , Hamilton George C. , Biddinger David J. , Buffington Matthew L. , Dieckhoff Christine , Dively Galen P. , Fraser Hannah , Gariepy Tara , Hedstrom Christopher , Herbert D. Ames , Hoelmer Kim A. , Hooks Cerruti R. R. , Inkley Douglas , Krawczyk Greg , Kuhar Thomas P. , Lee Doo-Hyung , Nielsen Anne L. , Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Shearer Peter W. , Talamas Elijah , Tomasino Elizabeth , Tooker John , Venugopal P. Dilip , Whalen Joanne , Walton Vaughn , Wiman Nik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Following the accidental introduction and initial discovery of H. halys in Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, this species has been detected in 41 states and the District of Columbia in the USA. Isolated populations also exist in Switzerland, France, Italy and Canada. Recent detections also have been reported in Germany and Liechtenstein. BMSB has become a major nuisance pest in the mid-Atlantic region and Pacific Northwest, USA, due to its overwintering behaviour of entering human-made structures in large numbers. BMSB also feeds on numerous tree fruits, vegetables, field crops, ornamental plants, and native vegetation in its native and invaded ranges. In the mid-Atlantic region, serious crop losses have been reported for apples, peaches, sweetcorn, peppers, tomatoes and row crops such as field maize and soyabeans since 2010. Crop damage has also been detected in other states recently including Oregon, Ohio, New York, North Carolina and Tennessee.
Lantana camara (lantana).
Authors: Thomas Sarah E. , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

L. camara is a highly variable ornamental shrub, native of the neotropics. It has been introduced to most of the tropics and subtropics as a hedge plant and has since been reported as extremely weedy and invasive in many countries. It is generally deleterious to biodiversity and has been reported as an agricultural weed resulting in large economic losses in a number of countries. In addition to this, it increases the risk of fire, is poisonous to livestock and is a host for numerous pests and diseases. L. camara is difficult to control. In Australia, India and South Africa aggressive measures to eradicate L. camara over the last two centuries have been largely unsuccessful, and the invasion trajectory has continued upwards despite control measures. This species has been the target of biological control programmes for over a century, with successful control only being reported in a few instances.
Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode).
Authors: Eisenback Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: The root knot nematode species, M. incognita, is the most widespread and probably the most serious plant parasitic nematode pest of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (Sasser, 1979). It occurs as a pest on a very wide range of crops. Most estimates of yield loss come from the use of nematicides and it should be noted that these can possibly cause other beneficial growth effects.
Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite).
Authors: Pollangyo Beatrice , Odour George 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The cassava green mite, M. tanajoa, is of Neotropical origin but was accidentally introduced to Africa in 1971 (Nyiira, 1972). By 1985, the pest had spread throughout the cassava belt of Africa (Yaninek and Heren, 1988). M. tanajoa affects the important annual crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) and can cause a reduction of about 50% in leaf weight, and up to 80% tuber yield loss (Shukla, 1976; Gutierrez et al., 1988; Pallangyo et al., 2004). M. tanajoa is mainly dispersed by human activity, whereby infested plant materials and contaminated media are transported over long distances. Natural dispersion by wind and water may also spread the cassava green mite. In areas where both the pest and host plant are exotic, there is no evidence that indigenous natural enemies are significant factors in limiting the mite population growth rates. M. tanajoa can feed and reproduce on other plant species (Moraes et al., 1995) and is reported as a quarantine pest (Delalibera et al., 1992; EPPO, 2009).
Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (clover proliferation phytoplasma).
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wei Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The reference strain of 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' is the causative agent of clover proliferation (CP) disease of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum). The CP disease was first reported in Canada in the early 1960s when the aetiological agent was mistakenly presumed to be a yellows-type virus (Chiykowski, 1965). Subsequent investigations revealed that the disease was associated with infection by a mycoplasma-like organism (Chen and Hiruki, 1975; Hiruki and Chen, 1984), now termed phytoplasma, strain CPR (Hiruki and Wang, 2004). Later, phytoplasmas of the same lineage (subgroup 16SrVI-A) were found in the USA, Mexico, and many countries in Europe and Asia, causing diseases in diverse leguminous and vegetable crops, responsible for significant yield losses and quality reductions. Phytoplasmas of the same lineage also caused disease in elm trees in the USA. Phytoplasmas of closely-related lineages (various subgroups of group 16SrVI) also have wide distributions around the world.
Vincetoxicum rossicum (European swallowwort).
Authors: Gassmann André 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

V. rossicum is a herbaceous perennial climbing vine native to Ukraine and southwestern European Russia. It was introduced into North America for ornamental purposes and has spread extensively throughout the lower Great Lakes Basin, particularly Lake Ontario, including New York State, USA and Ontario, Canada. Self-fertility and large numbers of wind-borne seeds ensure rapid dispersal of V. rossicum to new sites. Small patches of V. rossicum can coalesce to form very large, monospecific stands which can outcompete native vegetation resulting in a change in habitats and a decrease in biodiversity. V. rossicum is allelopathic and can alter the microbial composition in the rhizosphere preventing the growth of sensitive plant species. In the USA, competition from V. rossicum is putting pressure on the rare and endangered species Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum. In addition to this, V. rossicum has been shown to decrease insect biodiversity and may have negative impact on the reproduction of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.
Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana).
Authors: Kumar Lava 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BBTV is the most serious virus disease of bananas and plantains. It occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia and South Pacific islands. The virus is transmitted in a persistent, circulative, non-propagative manner by the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, which has worldwide distribution. The virus is also spread through infected planting material. All banana cultivars are thought to be susceptible, with no known sources of resistance. The typical symptoms of bunchy top of banana are very distinctive and readily distinguished from those caused by other viruses of banana. Infected plants exhibit a rosetted or 'bunchy top' appearance. Once infected, plants do not recover. The disease is a major constraint to production in many areas where it occurs. Devastating epidemics occurred early in the twentieth century in Fiji and Australia. In the 1920s, the disease had a dramatic economic effect on the banana industry in parts of Australia (Dale, 1987). More recently, BBTV has been decimating the banana industry in Pakistan (Jones, 1994) and in sub-Saharan Africa, BBTV was the main contributor to a reduction in banana bunch production by up to 70-90% in disease affected areas (Kumar et al., 2015). BBTV is listed by ISSG as one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.
Degenerate Hořava gravity
Authors: Barausse Enrico , Crisostomi Marco , Liberati Stefano , ter Haar Lotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hořava gravity breaks Lorentz symmetry by introducing a dynamical timelike scalar field (the khronon), which can be used as a preferred time coordinate (thus selecting a preferred space–time foliation). Adopting the khronon as the time coordinate, the theory is invariant only under time reparametrizations and spatial diffeomorphisms. In the infrared limit, this theory is sometimes referred to as khronometric theory. Here, we explicitly construct a generalization of khronometric theory, which avoids the propagation of Ostrogradski modes as a result of a suitable degeneracy condition (although stability of the latter under radiative corrections remains an open question). While this new theory does not have a general-relativistic limit and does not yield a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker-like cosmology on large scales, it still passes, for suitable choices of its coupling constants, local tests on Earth and in the Solar System, as well as gravitational-wave tests. We also comment on the possible usefulness of this theory as a toy model of quantum gravity, as it could be completed in the ultraviolet into a ‘degenerate Hořava gravity’ theory that could be perturbatively renormalizable without imposing any projectability condition.
Gravitational decoherence of photons
Authors: Lagouvardos Michalis , Anastopoulos Charis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Models of gravitational decoherence are not commonly applied to ultra-relativistic systems, including photons. As a result, few quantum optical tests of gravitational decoherence have been developed. In this paper, we generalize the gravitational decoherence model of Anastopoulos and Hu (2013 Class. Quantum Grav.
30 165007) to photons. In this model, decoherence originates from a bath of stochastic gravitational perturbations, possibly of fundamental origin. We derive a master equation for general states of the electromagnetic field; the only free parameter is a noise temperature Θ of the gravitational fluctuations. We find that interference experiments with long baselines, accessible in near-future experiments, can, in principle, lead to strong constraints in Θ.
Constructing black holes in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Yu Shuang , Qiu Jianhui , Gao Changjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Exact black hole solutions in the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory are constructed. They are the extensions of dilaton black holes in de Sitter or anti de Sitter universe. As a result, except for a scalar potential, a coupling function between the scalar field and the Maxwell invariant is present. Then the corresponding Smarr formula and the first law of thermodynamics are investigated.
Development of microfluidic cartridge for culture-free detection of Staphylococcus aureus in blood
Authors: Zhou Weidong , Wu Ruige , Duraiswamy Suhanya , Wang Wei , Zhu Liang , Wang Zhiping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid detection of small amounts of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in whole blood and the corresponding diagnosis of S. aureus is a complicated and time-consuming process. Gold standard is to culture and grow bacteria before detection, which typically takes several days and requires skilled personnel. Here, we developed a microfluidic cartridge for the culture-free isolation of S. aureus in blood and diagnosed them using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Isolation of S. aureus was achieved from large volumes of blood (typically of the order of 5 ml) using Apolipoprotein H coated magnetic beads followed by ultrasonication, a similar kind of agitation utilized in an ultrasonic bath, to lyse the enriched bacteria. The designed cartridge consisted of a rotary valve to control the sample flow and, also to direct the samples to the designated chambers for the pre-processing and bacteria isolation. By comparing PCR results from batch process and cartridge based method, we proved that the current cartridge design was capable of S. aureus detection in whole blood sample.
Enhancement of passive mixing via arc microchannel with sharp corner structure
Authors: Huang Long-Run , Fan Liang-Liang , Liu Qi , Zhao Zhi , Zhe Jiang , Zhao Liang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel microfluidic device for efficient passive mixing is reported. A series of sharp corner structures designed on side wall of an arc microchannel was utilized to induce three-dimensional vortices, which strongly stretched and folded the interface and significantly increased the interfacial contact area between different fluids. Additionally, the sharp corner structure induced high radial velocity and reduced the diffusion length because of the restricted effect of the geometrical structure. Eventually, the fluid mixing was significantly enhanced, and a mixing efficiency from ∼87% to 92% was achieved at moderate Reynolds number (Re) from 3.0 to 24.2 (10 to 80 μl min−1). The influence of the sharp corner position on the mixing was also investigated by the experiment and the numerical simulation. With single-layer structure and high mixing efficiency, the present device has great potential in the mixing process in variety of lab-chip applications, such as clinic diagnosis and analytic chemistry.
On the oscillating properties of a two-electron quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field
Authors: Maniero A M , de Carvalho C R , Prudente F V , Jalbert Ginette 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We give a basic explanation for the oscillating properties of some physical quantities of a two-electron quantum dot in the presence of a static magnetic field. This behaviour was discussed in a previous work of ours (Maniero et al 2020 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
53 185001) and was identified as a manifestation of the de Haas–van Alphen effect, originally observed in the framework of diamagnetism of metals in the 30s. We show that this behaviour is a consequence of different eigenstates of the system assuming, in a certain interval of the magnetic field, the condition of the lowest energy singlet and triplet states.