bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality Game Playing in Amblyopia Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Soltani Ariana , Vakili Amirmohammad , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Behradfar Narges , Kheiri Bahareh , Reza Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To compare the visual outcome of occlusion therapy with virtual reality game playing as a new therapy for children with amblyopia.

Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 children between 4 and 10 years old who had unilateral amblyopia. They were randomly divided into virtual reality and patching groups (n = 25 in each). The virtual reality group was trained binocularly using the virtual reality games through a head set for 1 hour per day 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Patients in the patching group occluded their non-amblyopic eyes 2, 4, and 6 hours for mild (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] 0.2 to 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), moderate (0.3 to 0.6 logMAR), and severe (worse than 0.6 logMAR) amblyopia, respectively.

Results:

The mean BCVA based on logMAR units improved significantly in both groups (
P
< .0001), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (
P
= .59). BCVA based on the responded letters improved in both groups (virtual reality:
P
= .0001, patching:
P
= .001), and change in BCVA in the virtual reality group was higher than in the patching group (
P
= .002).

Conclusions:
Virtual reality game playing was equal or superior to patching in an analysis of linear and letter BCVA, respectively. Therefore, applying this new amblyopia therapy is recommended.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):154–160.]
A New Clinical Method for Visual Function Evaluation Including Estimation and Measurement of Therapeutic Effectiveness: Lessons From Infantile Nystagmus Research
Authors: Dell'Osso Louis F. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To translate infantile nystagmus system (INS) research into easily understood, clinically relevant terminology and suggest modifications to research and clinical testing, data and clinical interpretation, and therapeutic choices and evaluation.

Methods:
A clinical method is presented using only three best-corrected visual acuity measurements of patients with INS, whereby (1) a measure of the quality of visual acuity across the visual field is possible; (2) pre-therapy estimates of post-therapy improvements in peak acuity and the high-acuity range of gaze angles are possible; and (3) more realistic visual function outcome measures of therapy are available to the practitioner.

Results:
The application of the high-acuity field quality spreadsheet to the analyses of patients with INS (before and after therapy) results in a quantitative measure of visual function based on three visual acuity measurements.

Conclusions:
The clinician can now duplicate adequate functional visual acuity descriptions in patients with INS along with their pre-therapy estimates and outcome measures. Previously, these have only been available to researchers or the rare clinicians who have access to both eye movement data and the expanded nystagmus acuity function analysis of INS waveforms.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):188–195.]
Le dialogue inclusif sur l’éthique de l’IA : délibération en ligne citoyenne et internationale pour l’UNESCO
Authors: Noiseau Pauline , Lanteigne Camylle , Echaiz Lucia Flores , Salazar Fatima Gabriela Gomez , Mai Vincent , Dilhac Marc-Antoine , Mörch Carl-Maria 
Published: May 2021

Cet article rend compte de la manière dont les organisations internationales pourraient s’approprier la démarche délibérative à l’occasion de leurs efforts de régulation éthique de l’IA en présentant le projet de la délibération internationale intitulée « Dialogue inclusif sur l’éthique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) » (ODAI) menée par Algora Lab - Université de Montréal et Mila - Institut québécois d’intelligence artificielle. Ce projet délibératif portait sur le premier instrument normatif mondial en éthique de l’IA rédigé par l’UNESCO. L’ODAI se démarque par sa portée internationale, le nombre de personnes consultées et sa réalisation en ligne. Après une présentation du cadre méthodologique et théorique de la délibération sur l’éthique de l’IA, nous opérons une analyse critique du processus et nous proposerons finalement des recommandations pratiques pour de futures délibérations en éthique de l’IA.
MicroRNA-142 Critically Regulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Homeostasis and Function
Authors: Roberts Luke B. , Jowett Geraldine M. , Read Emily , Zabinski Tomas , Berkachy Rita , Selkirk Murray E. , Jackson Ian , Niazi Umar , Anandagoda Nelomi , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi , Kasturiarachchi Jagath , James Chela , Enver Tariq , Nimmo Rachael , Reis Rita , Howard Jane K. , Neves Joana F. , Lord Graham M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are central to the regulation of immunity at mucosal barrier sites, with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) being particularly important in type 2 immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA(miR)-142 plays a critical, cell-intrinsic role in the homeostasis and function of ILC2s. Mice deficient for miR-142 expression demonstrate an ILC2 progenitor–biased development in the bone marrow, and along with peripheral ILC2s at mucosal sites, these cells display a greatly altered phenotype based on surface marker expression. ILC2 proliferative and effector functions are severely dysfunctional following Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, revealing a critical role for miR-142 isoforms in ILC2-mediated immune responses. Mechanistically, Socs1 and Gfi1 expression are regulated by miR-142 isoforms in ILC2s, impacting ILC2 phenotypes as well as the proliferative and effector capacity of these cells. The identification of these novel pathways opens potential new avenues to modulate ILC2-dependent immune functions.
Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Sandor Adam M. , Sturdivant Michael S. , Ting Jenny P. Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seasonal influenza and the current COVID-19 pandemic represent looming global health challenges. Efficacious and safe vaccines remain the frontline tools for mitigating both influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–induced diseases. This review will discuss the existing strategies for influenza vaccines and how these strategies have informed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It will also discuss new vaccine platforms and potential challenges for both viruses.
Anteroposterior Stability
Authors: Ganapathy V S. , James Tittu T. , Philip Mariamma , Kamble Nitish , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Dhargave Pradnya , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Establishing an association between gait variability and direction specific balance indices may help in identifying the risk of falls in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) which may help in developing an appropriate intervention. This study is intended to identify the association between balance and gait parameters especially gait variability in these patients.

Methods:
Patients with genetically confirmed SCA (n = 24) as well as controls (n = 24) who met the study criteria were recruited. Gait was assessed using the GAITRite system and balance was assessed using dynamic posturography (Biodex) to record direction-specific dynamic balance indices. Disease severity was assessed using international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS).

Results:
The mean age of the SCA group (38.83 ± 13.03 years) and the control group (36.38 ± 9.09 years) were comparable. The age of onset of illness was 32 ± 10.62 years and duration of 5.67 ± 3.62 years. The mean ICARS was 45.10 ± 16.75. There was a significant difference in the overall balance index (OBI), anterior–posterior index (API), medial/lateral index (MLI) between SCA patients (4.56 ± 2.09, 3.49 ± 1.88, 2.94 ± 1.32) and the controls (2.72 ± 1.25, 2.08 ± 0.85, 1.85 ± 0.97). However, correlation was observed only between gait stability and balance parameters in API direction.

Conclusions:
There was an increased anteroposterior oriented balance deficit in patients with SCA, which was significantly correlating with the gait parameters. The balance training intervention may focus on improving anteroposterior direction to prevent falls and improving walking efficiency.
Non-Motor Features of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek , Mukherjee Adreesh , Sinharoy Uma , Pandit Alak , Biswas Atanu 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons. Spread of pathology to other brain areas leads to development of non-motor symptoms (NMSs). These usually remain undiagnosed because of overwhelming motor problem and are responsible for significant distress to the patient. Our objective was to explore the burden of various NMSs of patients with ALS, compare between limb-onset and bulbar-onset patients, and to correlate with severity and duration of disease.

Methods:
Fifty patients with ALS diagnosed according to revised El Escorial Criteria and 50 healthy controls were included in this study. They were assessed with NMS Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory, Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale, Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness scale, Bengali Mental State Examination, and Frontal Assessment Battery and relevant statistical analyses were carried out.

Results:
The patients with ALS had significantly increased prevalence of almost all NMSs compared to controls. There was also significant increase in depression, suicidal ideation, pseudobulbar affect, and daytime sleepiness in patients with ALS. The bulbar onset subgroup had significantly increased daytime drooling, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, whereas the limb onset subgroup reported increased frequency of leg swelling. Executive dysfunction was detected in 24% of patients with ALS and 9.8% had mild cognitive impairment. Weight loss, frequency of falling, insomnia, unpleasant nocturnal leg sensations, difficulty having sex, depression, and cognitive impairment increased significantly with an increase in severity of the disease.

Conclusion:
NMSs were significantly more prevalent in patients with ALS. Some NMSs worsened with advancement of the disease.
Developing Inquiry-Based Science Activities in Early Childhood Education: An Action Research
Authors: Eti İnanç , Sığırtmaç Ayperi 
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out as collaborative action research aims to develop inquiry-based science activities in early childhood education. One volunteer teacher (T2) who desired to develop inquiry-based science activities, 14 of her students and the researcher participated in action research. The action phase consisted of six action cycles that reflect the progress over time. Data were collected through interviews and observations. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on the obtained qualitative data. Results showed that during the development of inquiry-based science activities, the teacher had supportive behaviors and utterances. At first, the teacher was planning and implementing at the confirmatory and structured inquiry level but afterwards, she could practice the guided inquiry and also achieved to activate all the inquiry skills during the fifth and sixth cycles. However, some difficulties originated from the teacher, school culture and parental involvement in the process. As a result, the teacher made significant progress in planning, implementing and evaluating inquiry-based science activities in her classroom for preschoolers. Finally, we conclude that inquiry-based science activities can be practicing at various inquiry levels in early childhood education.
A influência do sentido da vida sobre o bem estar
Authors: Freitas Lucia Helena Walendy de 
Published: May 2021

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as relações de influência entre o sentido atribuído à vida, o suporte social e o bem estar, bem como verificar a influência da idade sobre essas fatores. Participaram da pesquisa 205 trabalhadores entre 16 e 88 anos, 65,4% sexo feminino. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: Dimensão Existencial da Escala de Bem Estar Espiritual; Escalas de Bem Estar Psicológico; Bem Estar Subjetivo e de Percepção de Suporte Social e dados demográficos. As análises revelaram que com o avançar da idade, há uma tendência a aumentarem os níveis de significados positivos atribuídos à vida; o apoio social é maximizado quando favorece a emergência do Sentido; bem como confirma a Logoterapia quando afirma que o Sentido é a causa essencial do bem estar e felicidade.
PARANASAL SINUSITIS (APEENASA/PEENASA) AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Vanishree  , Vishwambhara  , B.A.Venkatesh  , Bali Yogitha M.R  
Published: May 2021

Sinusitis is defined as the inflammation of the mucosa either of any one or all of the paranasal sinuses. In humans, there are four paired sinuses which are termed as paranasal sinuses and they are maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Ayurveda being an ancient holistic science aims at alleviating the disease and protection and prevention of the positive health. Shalakya Tantra is one of the Astangas of Ayurveda that deals with the Uttamanga and the diseases related to Urdhvajatru. Paranasal sinusitis, the most common disease in Shalakya tantra can be correlated to the disease Apeenasa, Peenasa, Dusta Pratishyaya etc in Ayurveda based on its signs and symptoms. Apeenasa and Peenasa are used interchangeably for paranasal sinusitis in Ayurveda and they are managed with Deepana Pachana, Vamana, Virechana, Dhumapana, Nasya Karma or Shirovirechana. Nasya Karma, one of the Panchakarma therapy and the best therapy for the Urdhwajatrugata Rogas plays a vital role in the successful management of the sinusitis. In this therapy, the medicine is administered through nose either in the form of ghee, oil, powder, liquid or smoke. It is particularly useful in the treatment of diseases occurring in the organs situated above the clavicle but indirectly it works on the whole body by improving the functioning of the endocrine glands and nervous system.
ELAS ESCREVEM SOBRE O QUÊ?: TEMÁTICAS DO ROMANCE BRASILEIRO CONTEMPORÂNEO DE AUTORIA FEMININA
Authors: Zolin Lúcia Osana 
Published: May 2021

Nosso objetivo neste artigo é analisar o tratamento conferido às temáticas mais recorrentes no romance contemporâneo de autoria feminina. O corpus que serviu de base à análise foi constituído por 151 romances escritos por mulheres e publicados pelas editoras brasileiras Rocco, Record e Companhia das Letras, entre os anos 2000 e 2015. A metodologia compreendeu o reconhecimento, a problematização e a interpretação das constantes temáticas que nutrem essa produção. O aporte teórico pressupõe uma perspectiva multidisciplinar que aborda o texto literário em suas interseções com o contexto sociocultural em que emerge e com teorias nascidas para pensar o mundo contemporâneo e suas manifestações artísticas, com ênfase na teoria crítica feminista.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Autoria feminina. Romance contemporâneo. Temáticas. Subversões feministas.
UM CORPO TODO SEU: JUDITH TEIXEIRA, FLORBELA ESPANCA E MARIA TERESA HORTA
Authors: Severino Isa Vitória , Leite Jonas 
Published: May 2021

No âmbito da nossa participação, pretendemos, numa perspectiva diacrónica, analisar alguns poemas de três escritoras portuguesas – Judith Teixeira (1880-1958), Florbela Espanca (1894-1930) e Maria Teresa Horta (1937-). A nossa escolha recai sobre as três mulheres poetas quer pelo papel que assumiram na sociedade portuguesa, quer pelos temas que emergem da sua poesia, exaltando o corpo e, através dele, a liberdade de expressão e a voz femininas. Assim, num diálogo intertextual e a duas vozes, propomos (re)visitar poemas das autoras em questão que melhor ilustram a temática em análise.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poesia. Corpo. Transgressão. Judith Teixeira. Florbela Espanca. Maria Teresa Horta.
“CAMINHO SE FAZ AO ANDAR”: POEMA DE CHILE E LOS REINOS DORADOS
Authors: Ramalho Christina , Gois Gisela Reis de 
Published: May 2021

Estudo comparado das obras Poema de Chile, da chilena Gabriela Mistral, publicado em 1967, e Los Reinos Dorados, de autoria do boliviano Homero Carvalho, publicado em 2007, à luz da teoria épica do discurso, de Silva, e de reflexões sobre o deslocamento histórico-geográfico como forma dual de autoconhecimento e de mapeamento da terra pátria, com destaque para a função do/a guia. A abordagem, dialogando com especialistas, levará em consideração a tradição do expansionismo colonizador, contrapondo-a ao expansionismo nacionalista, evidenciando os traços próprios das duas epopeias latino-americanas e o resgate de um epos que realiza o simbólico apagamento da conquista da terra pela força bélica e aculturadora para colocar em cena o resgate mítico da Mãe Terra e da Mãe Água, que resulta de viagens motivadas pelo encontro simultaneamente amoroso e crítico com a pátria chilena e a pátria boliviana, respectivamente.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epopeia. Expansionismo. Los Reinos Dorados. Poema de Chile. Guia.
A formal support group for esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula in South Africa may improve the outcome of these children and their families
Authors: De Vos Corné , De Vos Werner , Sidler Daniel 
Published: May 2021

The psychosocial aspect of various congenital anomalies like esophageal atresia (EA) with/or without a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) being the cause of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in parents of these children, is often overlooked by medical professionals. Support groups may be useful to address a part of this problem and form an important aspect of emotional support for any rare or congenital disease. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the need for a formal support group for parents of patients born with EA and to emphasize the role of emotional support for these parents and children. A questionnaire was sent to members of an informal WhatsApp group which included participants with diverse demographics across private and public platforms, across South Africa. The questions focused on 3 main areas: demographic data, diagnosis and the surgery, and information about the participant’s emotional support. All the data were inserted in an excel datasheet and descriptive statistical analysis was used. Questions were sent to 14 members of an informal WhatsApp group. Eight were included in the study. All 8 participants were mothers of children born with an EA with a TEF. The questions about the need for emotional support focus on the time after the baby was born. The majority (87.5%) of the mothers felt that they could bond with their babies during pregnancy, but in contrast, 75% felt that they missed an opportunity to bond with their babies after birth, mainly because they were not allowed to hold their babies for up to 11 days after birth. Only 1 of the mothers were in contact with other families with children born with EA, and 6 of the remaining 7 agreed that this would have helped them during this emotionally challenging time. All 8 thought that sharing their stories with others could have helped them emotionally and all agreed that an EA/TEF support group was a good idea. The family, as another patient, ought to be treated and included in the overall treatment plan if we aim to improve the quality of life for both the patients and their families. Disease-specific support groups can play a major role in the emotional well-being of both the children born with EA and their families.
Talleres de extensión a la comunidad: inteligencia emocional y creatividad para niños/as con altas capacidades intelectuales (ACI), en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Saco Ailén , Irueste Paula , Gianola Martina , Mazza Pamela 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo pretende profundizar el desarrollo de ciertos aspectos y características que comprende el concepto de Inteligencia Emocional (IE) de niños y niñas identificados/as con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales (ACI). La población se conformó por 14 familias, cuya participación fue variando a lo largo de dichos encuentros; los mismos fueron identificados/as previamente con indicadores de ACI por el equipo del Servicio de Neuropsicología, Área Infantil, UNC, Argentina (SNPI). A los fines de este proyecto, se llevó a cabo el análisis cualitativo del dispositivo con modalidad taller, el cual se compone de cuatro encuentros, implementado por profesionales del SNPI.Las conclusiones mostraron un impacto en el reconocimiento y gestión de las emociones de los niños y niñas, tanto a nivel intrafamiliar como en los vínculos con los pares,logrando generalizar en otros contextos tanto las técnicas como los conceptos trabajados en los talleres. En donde se promovió la construcción de recursos personales que conllevaron a una mayor satisfacción y bienestar bio-psicosocial emocional. Asimismo, se toma al espacio como un lugar de cuidado y disfrute, favoreciendo el incremento de las habilidades emocionales y sociales de dicha población
SÁNG TẠO NGHỆ THUẬT CỦA W. SHAKESPEARE TRONG BỐI CẢNH VĂN HÓA PHỤC HƯNG
Authors: Le Nguyên Cẩn 
Published: May 2021

Gắn liền với bối cảnh văn hóa Phục hưng, các sáng tạo nghệ thuật của Shakespeare mang được sức sống của thời đại đó, thể hiện qua nghệ thuật điển hình hóa đặc sắc, qua đề tài về tình yêu, về cuộc đấu tranh giữa cái Thiện và cái Ác, giữa Tình yêu và Thù hận, giữa cái Mới đang hình thành và khẳng định với cái Cũ đang chết đi nhưng vẫn cố bám lấy cuộc đời, giữa hai bản ngã trong một bản ngã theo góc nhìn phân tâm học. Các nhân vật chính đều đạt mức độ điển hình, kết tinh thành siêu mẫu - archetype - thể hiện được qui luật vận động của lịch sử. Nhân vật vừa mang tầm rộng của hiện thực đời sống, vừa có chiều sâu tâm lí. Nghệ thuật điển hình hóa trong sáng tạo của Shakespeare là tạo ra tất cả trong một và một trong tất cả, là tạo ra tiếng cười theo nguyên tắc trần tục hóa cái thiêng liêng và thiêng liêng hóa cái trần tục, là mở rộng giới hạn của hiện thực theo chiều dài thời gian và chiều rộng của không gian, để qua đó ông khẳng định các giá trị người của con người, khẳng định các giá trị nhân văn của thời đại Phục hưng.
MỘT VÀI ĐẶC ĐIỂM VỀ NGÔN NGỮ TRONG NÔM ĐƯỜNG LUẬT PHAN BỘI CHÂU THỜI KỲ Ở HUẾ
Authors: Nguyễn Hải Yến 
Published: May 2021

Văn học Việt Nam nửa đầu thế kỉ XX được xem là giai đoạn “giao thời”, với sự đấu tranh giữa thơ Cũ và thơ Mới, giữa truyền thống và cách tân, tồn tại nhiều khuynh hướng, dòng phái khác nhau. Từ góc độ thể loại, không ít người cho đây là thời điểm thơ tự do thắng thế, thơ Đường luật nói chung bị xem là hết mùa, lỗi thời. Song vẫn còn đó một minh chứng hùng hồn cho sự hiện diện của thơ Nôm Đường luật Việt Nam ở nửa đầu thế kỉ XX, đó là Nôm Đường luật Phan Bội Châu. Bài viết trên cơ sở chỉ ra một vài đặc điểm về ngôn ngữ trong thơ Nôm Đường luật Phan Bội Châu thời kỳ ở Huế, từ đó cho thấy những đổi mới, cách tân của Phan Sào Nam trong việc sử dụng thể thơ truyền thống của dân tộc.
Ngữ âm tiếng Thái Lan trong sự so sánh với Tiếng Việt
Authors: Nguyễn Tương Lai 
Published: May 2021

Mối quan hệ giữa Thái Lan và Việt Nam đến năm 2016 đã vừa tròn 40 năm. Trong 40 năm, qua nhu cầu học tiếng Thái Lan của người Việt Nam ngày càng được gia tăng. Báo cáo khoa học này nhằm góp phần hỗ trợ việc dạy và học tiếng Thái Lan đạt được hiệu quả tốt. Báo cáo mô tả một số đặc điểm cơ bản về mặt ngữ âm của tiếng Thái Lan đồng thời tiến hành so sánh với tiếng Việt để nêu ra những điểm tương đồng và khác biệt về mặt ngữ âm của hai ngôn ngữ. Những vấn đề được quan tâm trong báo cáo đó là: Các hệ thống âm vị phụ âm, nguyên âm và thanh điệu của tiếng Thái Lan. So sánh để phát hiện những nét tương đồng và khác biệt về các hệ thống âm vị phụ âm, nguyên âm và thanh điệu giữ tiếng Thái Lan và tiếng Việt.