bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
Authors: Zubair Muhammad Sulaiman , Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Sulastri Evi , Ihwan  , Widodo Agustinus , Nasronudin  , Pitopang Ramadanil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antiviral potency of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and, water fractions of Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C.Thomas as well as to identify the chemical constituents.

Methods
Assays for antioxidant and antiviral activity (HIV-1) were carried out on MT-4 cells infected with HIV using the DPPH method and the determination of the cytopathic effect. Meanwhile, GC-MS was used to identify the chemical compounds.

Results
The determination of antioxidants showed that all fractions possessed potent activity with the IC50 ranging from 2.61 to 8.26 μg/mL. From the antiviral activity of MT-4 cells infected by HIV, the n-hexane fraction of B. medicinalis showed the most potency with the IC50 of 0.04 ± 0.05 μg/mL. It has less cytotoxicity (11.08 ± 4.60 μg/mL) affording the high selectivity index of 238.80. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction found the major compound of carboxylic acid derivate with the area percentage of 76.4% and the presence of phenolic compounds (8.38%). Meanwhile, in water fraction, terpenoids were found in a higher concentration (10.05%) than others.

Conclusions
Therefore, this study supports the application of B. medicinalis as a herbal medicine for antioxidant and antiviral.
Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
Authors: Palupi Kartika Dyah , Ilyas Muhammad , Agusta Andria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Endophytic fungi are an essential source of biologically active compounds. They have the ability to synthesize secondary metabolites which are the same or have a high degree of similarity to their host plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the biodiversity and the bioactivities of active metabolites produced by 14 endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Physalis angulata L. (PA).

Methods
Fourteen endophytic fungi were isolated from the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruit husks of PA. The endophytic fungi were cultured and incubated in the PDB medium at room temperature. After three weeks, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate and dried using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH while antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using microdilution technique. TLC analysis was also done to profile the active compounds within the extract.

Results
Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower of PA exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity with an antioxidant index value of 0.59 (IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL). Six isolates have strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 8–64 μg/mL. These endophytic fungi are one Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower, one Fusarium sp. isolated from the stem, and four Colletotrichum sp. isolated from leaf and fruit husk of PA.

Conclusions
Endophytic fungi isolated from PA are potential novel sources of active metabolites especially for antibacterial compounds.
The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
Authors: Rijal Muhammad A. S. , Masitah Hanah , Purvitasari Fanny , Sari Retno 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In order to minimize gastrointestinal irritation and to extend the absorption of ketoprofen, microparticles prepared with chitosan have been developed. In this study, chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio were investigated to prepare microparticles of ketoprofen and evaluated for physical characteristics and drug release profiles.

Methods
Microparticles were prepared by using ionic gelation methods with chitosan, which has two different viscosities i.e., 19 and 50 cPs, cross-linked with tripolyphosphate, and dried by spray drying method. The microparticles were made with a drug-chitosan ratio of 5:15 and 6:15.

Results
The results showed that the microparticles had spherical shapes. Increasing the amount of ketoprofen improved the drug content and entrapment efficiency. Evaluation of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) showed that the microparticles prepared with chitosan 19 cPs had the slowest release rate than those of chitosan 50 cPs, while that of the microparticles prepared with chitosan 50 cPs with the ratio of drug/polymer 6:15 was the fastest, as shown by its slope value. The release rate of microparticles with chitosan 19 cPs was slower than those microparticles with chitosan 50 cPs.

Conclusions
It could be suggested that by increasing the amount of ketoprofen, it improved the entrapment efficiency and the release rate of microparticles.
Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Purwitasari Neny , Oktarina Rice Disi , Ekasari Wiwied , Khairunnisa Saarah , Chang Hsin-I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoporosis is an ailment described by a skeletal degradation of bone skeletal dominating to increases the chance of fracture. In order to find out the bone formation agents from Baung Forest plants, this research analyzed the effects of 96% ethanol extract of several plants from Baung Forest on antioxidant activity and the effect of osteoblast differentiation-related to the bone formation on the most potent extract.

Methods
The antioxidant effect and osteoblast differentiation of 96% ethanol extracts were evaluated by measuring DPPH scavenging and alkaline phosphatase in p-nitrophenyl phosphate effects by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader method, respectively.

Results
The 96% ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus serratus L. from Baung Forest had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging as anti oxidant (82.17%) and stimulated osteoblast differentiation (116%). Then, this extract had been fractionated based on polarity to become hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. All the fractions stimulated their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity to 138.11 ± 9.72%, 108 ± 5.05%, 148.56 ± 8.47, and 144.58 ± 1.04, respectively.

Conclusions
The extract and fractions of E. serratus L. can successfully inhibit DPPH radical scavenging value and increase ALP activities as markers of osteoblast functions.
Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Alfian Riza , Athiyah Umi , Nita Yunita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The use of modern technology and social media has revolutionized the way health information is distributed to diabetes mellitus patients. Social media can be used as a medium of providing health interventions to improve patient health outcomes. Social media is able to provide a more intensive communication facility between healthcare professionals and patients. We aim to systematically review and describe the effect of social media interventions on health outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods
A systematic review was carried out from three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Medline). Eligible publications are studies that describe the application of social media interventions on the health outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Results
Fourteen studies were selected for this systematic review, 10 studies with a randomized controlled trial design, and 4 studies with a nonrandomized controlled trial design. Six studies only used interventions using social media, A blend of face-to-face social media intervention was used in 6 studies, 2 studies used a combination of telephone and social media intervention. One study had treatment behavior outcomes with improvement in treatment behavior, 6 studies had clinical outcomes (an improvement in HbA1c values in the four studies), 6 studies had treatment behavior outcomes and clinical outcomes (1 study had improved treatment behavior and clinical outcomes, 3 studies had improved treatment behavior outcome only), and 1 study had medication adherence outcome (no improvement in medication adherence).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the intervention using social media can improve the health outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients.
The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Isadiartuti Dewi , Rosita Noorma , Ekowati Juni , Syahrani Achmad , Ariyani Toetik , Rifqi M. Ainur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cyclodextrin’s ability to form an inclusion complex with a guest molecule is a function of two factors. The first is steric and depends on the relative size of cyclodextrin cavity to the guest molecule, while the second is the thermodynamic interaction between the different system components. This study therefore aims to determine the effect of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as complex formers, on thermodynamic parameter values (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) in the formation of inclusion complex with p-methoxycinnamic acid (pMCA).

Methods
The pMCA complex formation with β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was determined in 0.02 pH 4.0 M acetate buffer and 0.02 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, with a 0.2 µ value at 32, 37, and 42 ± 0.5 °C. This experiment was carried out in a waterbath shaker until a saturated solution was obtained. Subsequently, pMCA concentration was determined using UV spectrophotometer at the maximum pMCA wavelength, at each pH.

Results
The result showed pMCA formed inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and exhibited increased solubility with increase in β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration. This temperature rise led to a decrease in the complex’s constant stability (K). Furthermore, the interaction showed a negative enthalpy (∆H<0) and is a spontaneous processes (∆G<0). At pH 4.0, an increase in the system’s entropy occurred (∆S>0), however, at pH 7.0, the system’s entropy decreased (∆S<0).

Conclusions
The rise in pMCA solubility with increase in cyclodextrin solution concentration indicates an inclusion complex has been formed, and is supported by thermodynamic data.
The treatment and clinical follow-up outcome in Iranian patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Authors: Khani Soghra , Barzegari Mina , Esmaeilizadeh Zahra , Farsian Pantea , Alaei Mohammadreza , Salehpour Shadab , Setoodeh Aria , Rohani Farzaneh , Samavat Ashraf , Zekri Ali , Mirzazadeh Roghieh , Sadeghi Sedigheh , Khatami Shohreh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the biochemical factors, genetic mutations, outcome of treatment, and clinical follow-up data of Iranian patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency from April/2016 to March/2020.MethodsForty-seven BH4 deficiency patients were included in the study and underwent biochemical and genetic analyses. The clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated after long-term treatment.ResultsOut of the 47 (25 females and 22 males) BH4 deficiency patients enrolled in the study, 23 were Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficient patients, 23 were 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficient patients, and one was GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1 deficiency (GTPCH-1) patient. No clinical symptoms were observed in 10 of the DHPR deficient patients (before and after the treatment). Also, most patients diagnosed at an early age had a proper response to the treatment. However, drug therapy did not improve clinical symptoms in three of the patients diagnosed at the age of over 10 years. Also, 16 PTPS deficiency patients who were detected within 6 months and received treatment no clinical symptoms were presented. One of the patients was detected with GTPCH deficiency. Despite being treated with BH4, this patient suffered from a seizure, movement disorder, mental retardation, speech difficulty, and hypotonia.ConclusionsThe study results showed that neonatal screening should be carried out in all patients with hyperphenylalaninemia because early diagnosis and treatment can reduce symptoms and prevent neurological impairments. Although the BH4 deficiency outcomes are highly variable, early diagnosis and treatment in the first months of life are crucial for good outcomes.
How genomics is changing the practice of prenatal testing
Authors: Filges Isabel , Miny Peter , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Tercanli Sevgi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New genomic laboratory technology namely microarrays and high throughput sequencing (HTS) as well as a steady progress in sonographic image capture and processing have changed the practice of prenatal diagnosis during the last decade fundamentally. Pregnancies at high risk for common trisomies are reliably identified by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and expert sonography has greatly improved the assessment of the fetal phenotype. Preconceptional comprehensive carrier screening using HTS is available for all parents, if they should wish to do so. A definite fetal diagnosis, however, will still require invasive testing for most conditions. Chromosomal microarrays (CMA) have greatly enhanced the resolution in the detection of chromosome anomalies and other causal copy number variations (CNV). Gene panel or whole exome sequencing (WES) is becoming the routine follow up of many anomalies detected by ultrasound after CNVs have been excluded. The benefits and limitations of the various screening as well as diagnostic options are perceived as complex by many who find it challenging to cope with the need for immediate choices. The communication of facts to ensure an informed decision making is obviously a growing challenge with the advent of the new genomic testing options. This contribution provides an overview of the current practice and policies in Switzerland.
X-ray Diffraction-Based Quantification of Amorphous Phase in Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Reddy K. Chiranjeevi , Subramaniam Kolluru V. L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) signature of the glassy phase in blast furnace slag undergoing alkaline dissolution is evaluated. The intensity signature of the glassy phase present in slag can consistently be decomposed into three underlying pseudo-Voigt (PV) peaks. It is shown that the fundamental underlying characteristics of the XRD signature of the undissolved glassy phase of slag in terms of the underlying PV peaks do not change after dissolution in an alkaline solution. The stability of the calcium ions depends on the [OH−] concentration in the solution. An intensity-based procedure is developed for quantifying the unreacted glassy phase content in alkali-activated slag. The XRD profile information of the glassy phase in raw slag is suitable for fitting the intensity profile of the dissolved glassy phase. The mass percentage of the unreacted glassy phase of slag within alkali-activated slag is validated with selective acid dissolution. A procedure for determining the degree of reaction in alkali-activated slag is established. The procedure developed here could be used to determine the activity of slag in an alkaline environment.
How, when and why can the mother-tongue language be forgotten? The case of international adoption
Authors: Ramonaitė Jogilė Teresa , Ramonienė Meilutė 
Published: July 2021

The present paper deals with the attrition of the first language. It presents a general overview of language attrition as a research field and discusses the main characteristics of the phenomenon by examining some typical lexical, grammatical, and phonological properties of attriters’ speech. Our attention is drawn here to a variety of factors, such as age, time spent in the L2 environment, frequency of first language use, language attitudes, and other aspects that have an impact on language attrition. The paper also reflects on and motivates the choice of the term ‘attrition’ in the Lithuanian academic use. The current empirical analysis focuses on an extreme case of first language attrition in the situation of international adoption of an early-teenager (~12 years old) Lithuanian girl adopted to Italy. The linguistic development of the girl was normal, and at the time of adoption she was regularly literate in Lithuanian L1. With the adoption, her language environment switched completely from Lithuanian to Italian. This case study is based on longitudinal observation and speech recordings mainly from the final stage of the observation period, i.e., 14 months after her departure from the country of origin. The paper examines Lithuanian utterances and other elements of the Lithuanian language in the girl’s communication. Her spontaneous speech is analysed mostly on the lexical and grammatical level, but some other language levels are also touched upon. The analysis shows a very advanced stage of first language attrition not only on the most evident – lexical – level, but also substantial changes on the grammatical level. The data shows that categories of tense, aspect, indefiniteness, case, and even gender, which differ in the two – Lithuanian and Italian – languages, have been impacted by the new dominant language. To conclude, even though the girl’s age and particularly positive attitudes towards the Lithuanian language were quite likely the most important factors for her maintaining some of the language one year later, the attrition of her L1 is still very advanced.
Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal Dimensi dan Bentuk Kasko Kapal Pancing Ulur KMN. Reski 01 Berbasis di Kelurahan Panyula, Bone
Authors: Tandipuang Paduartama , Tamrin Tamrin , Muhammad Maskur  , Nurwahidin Nurwahidin , Khairudin Isman  , Arham Rumpa  , Tri Setianto  , Asia Asia 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan rasio dimensi utama KMN. Reski 01 dengan rasio dimensi utama kapal ikan static gear umumnya di Indonesia dan menentukan tipe bentuk lambung kapal KMN. Reski 01 dari gambaran bentuk gading terbesar. Metode studi kasus digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab kapal ikan ini memerlukan alat stabilizer tambahan saat drifting. Identifikasi dimulai dari rasio dimensi utama dan tipe bentuk lambung kapal dari gambaran kelengkungan gading terbesar sebagai data primer. Data sekunder diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan data penelitian yang telah dilakukan Iskandar & Pujiati, 1995. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan metode comparative numeric dan deskriptif dengan bantuan software coreldraw. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, rasio dimensi kapal KMN. Reski 01 yang terdiri dari perbandingan L/B, L/D, dan B/D, masih masuk dalam kisaran kapal ikan static gear di Indonesia. Akan tetapi walaupun nilai perbandingan dimensi L/B berada di kisaran modus, nilai L/D dan B/D berada di atas kisaran modus dan median. Kapal KMN. Reski 01 yang merupakan kapal ikan static gear memiliki tipe lambung round bottom. Tipe lambung kapal ikan seperti ini lebih umum digunakan pada kapal ikan yang mengoperasikan alat tangkap aktif dari pada kapal ikan static gear.
Efeitos de Fatores Comportamentais no Desempenho da Tarefa de Peritos Contábeis Judiciais
Authors: Corrêa dos Santos Alexandre , Maria Beuren Ilse , Maria Beuren Ilse 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva analisar os efeitos do estilo de tomada de decisão, da flexibilidade cognitiva e dos traços de personalidade no desempenho da tarefa de peritos contábeis judiciais.
Método: Uma survey foi realizada com peritos contábeis judiciais, o que resultou em uma amostra final de 259 respostas válidas. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, por meio do software Smart PLS, versão 3.
Resultados: Os resultados apontam que os fatores comportamentais flexibilidade cognitiva e traços de personalidade influenciam positivamente no desempenho da tarefa, enquanto o fator estilo de tomada de decisão apresenta relação negativa.
Contribuições: Esse estudo contribui ao sinalizar que é preciso expandir o escopo de análises do desempenho da tarefa para além de estudos positivistas, ou seja, não se pode presumir que um indivíduo possa melhorar seu desempenho unicamente por comandos racionais de trabalho. Portanto, abre caminhos de investigação e incentiva a busca de novas abordagens e construtos para explicar os comportamentos relacionados ao desempenho da tarefa de indivíduos.
The capacity of informal caregivers in the rehabilitation of older people after a stroke
Authors: Predebon Mariane Lurdes , Dal Pizzol Fernanda Laís Fengler , Dos Santos Naiana Oliveira , Bierhals Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz , Rosset Idiane , Paskulin Lisiane Manganelli Girardi 
Published: July 2021

Objective. To characterize informal caregivers of dependent older people after a stroke related to aspects of care, and to describe the activities performed and the difficulties faced by these caregivers.
Methods. Cross-sectional, descriptive study, held in southern Brazil with 190 informal caregivers of older adults after stroke. The sociodemographic data instrument and the Capacity Scale for Informal Caregivers of Elderly Stroke Patients (ECCIID-AVC), adapted and validated for use in Brazil by Dal Pizzol et al., were used.
Results. Most caregivers were women (82.6%) or children (56.3%), had average schooling of 9.6 years, and the majority (68.3%) provided care for people with moderate to severe disability. The main activities carried out included: providing materials and/or support for eating (99%), dressing (98.4%), and administering medications (96.2%). Caregivers had the most difficulty with transferring and positioning activities.
Conclusion. Most caregivers have adequate capacity to provide essential care to the dependent older adult after a stroke. However, a significant portion had difficulty in the activities of transferring and positioning the older person due to the lack of guidance regarding the posture to carry out these activities. The assessment of nurses regarding the activities performed and the difficulties faced by caregivers is an important strategy to identify problems and effectively attend to the needs of these individuals at all levels of health care.
Applications of the transmitted Kirchhoff-Holmholtz method to transmitted body waves and possible structural effects at NTS
Authors: Scott Patricia , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe extend the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral method to calculate acoustic potentials which transmit through three-dimensional warped boundaries. We specify the potentials on an arbitrary surface with Snell's law and plane-wave transmission coefficients and numerically integrate their contributions at a receiver via the scalar integral representation theorem. The method is appropriate for modeling precritical transmitted potentials. Results from test models compare well with optical solutions for transmissions through a flat interface. We model the effect of several idealized crust-mantle boundary structures on teleseismic P wave generated by explosion sources. The structures are all upwarps and are designed to produce travel-time residuals as a function of delta and azimuth which have the same magnitude as residuals observed for NTS tests within Pahute Mesa. These structures consistently cause complicated low amplitude waveforms which arrive early and simple high amplitude waveforms which arrive late. Thus, they cause systematic amplitude variations with azimuth, delta, and source location. The magnitude of this variation is less than or equal to 212. This factor is somewhat less than the observed ab amplitude variation with azimuth of Pahute Mesa tests; however, it is approximately the same magnitude as the observed ab variation at a given station as a function of test location within the mesa.