bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term organic amendments improved soil carbon sequestration to support crop production
Authors: Wei Wenliang , Huangfu Chenghui , Jia Zhiyue , Liu Shutang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, soil productivity is severely restricted by the degradation of soil quality in China. Crop straw and livestock manure, as the main by‐products in agricultural production, are widely promoted to replace chemical fertilizer and improve soil quality to support agricultural sustainability.AimsWe investigated the long‐term effects of organic amendments and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil quality, including the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil aggregates distribution, and the dynamics of soil labile organic carbon (C) fractions and soil respiration, and crop yield.MethodsA field experiment (started in 2009) with a winter‐wheat and summer‐maize rotation system was designed with four treatments: without fertilization (CK), with manure (M), with straw (S), and with straw plus N fertilizer (SN). The relevant indicators were measured after 10 years of annual fertilization in 2018.ResultsCompared to the CK treatment, M, S, and SN significantly enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) by 190, 67, and 113%, respectively. M and SN, but not S, significantly improved the dynamics of soil labile organic C fractions, soil aggregates distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD). Simultaneously, soil respiration of M and SN were significantly increased by 21% and 15% compared to CK. Based on the improvement of soil quality, the wheat and maize yield in a rotation of different treatments were as follows: M (20.33 Mg ha–1) > SN (14.09 Mg ha–1) > S (6.45 Mg ha–1) > CK (4.98 Mg ha–1).ConclusionOverall, long‐term organic amendments and N fertilization improved soil chemical and physical quality to support high‐yielding crop production.
Extraction of selected prohealth substances from Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale in artificial digestive juices
Authors: Krakowska Agata , Kała Katarzyna , Rospond Bartłomiej , Szewczyk Agnieszka , Opoka Włodzimierz , Muszyńska Bożena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study determined the content of selected bioelements, toxic metals and phenolic acids occurring in Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. Natural raw materials in the form of powder, slices, dried and fresh rootstock, tablets and capsules were analyzed. To determine the actual bioavailability of the metals and phenolic acids present in the raw materials, they were extracted into artificial digestive juices (artificial gastric and intestinal juices).RESULTSThe maximum amounts of bioelements found in turmeric were as follows (mg kg−1 dry weight): Ca, 1911; Cu, 10.4; Fe, 248; K, 123; Mg, 1896; Mn, 181; Na, 332; Zn, 242. On the other hand, the maximum amounts of these bioelements found in ginger were as follows (mg kg−1 dry weight): Ca, 287; Cu, 7.4; Fe, 113; K, 2903; Mg, 1162; Mn, 11.3; Na, 1678; Zn, 186. It was found that bioelements from all the tested samples of raw materials were released to artificial digestive juices.CONCLUSIONThe amount of substances extracted to digestive juices from the analyzed raw materials varied depending on their form. The highest content of bioelements was found in the fresh rhizomes of turmeric and ginger. On the other hand, powdered rhizome was characterized by the highest bioavailability of elements for humans. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Agricultural practice contributed more to changes in soybean yield than climate change from 1981 to 2010 innortheastChina
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Yujie , Dai Liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough climate change and agricultural practices have non‐negligible impacts on crop yields, their quantitative contributions to soybean yields remain unclear. First‐order difference multiple regression was used to determine the respective contributions of climate change and agricultural practice to changes in soybean yields at station level from 1981 to 2010 in northeast China.RESULTSFrom 1981 to 2010, the soybean yields at 87% of the stations were increasing with an average 41.18 kg ha year−1change trend in northeast China. The individual impacts of climate change and agricultural practice on soybean yield were −0.33% to 0.58% year−1and −3.3% to 7.89% year−1, respectively. The sensitivity of the soybean yield to climatic factors was related to latitude, and yields at high‐latitude stations were positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with accumulated sunshine hours. Climate change contributed −24% to 38% to the trend in soybean yield, and the temperature had the greatest effect of all the climatic factors.CONCLUSIONThe contribution of agricultural practices was greater than that of climate change, counteracting the adverse effects of climate change and even affecting the direction of soybean yield changes. In adaptive decision making, priority should be given to management measures that have less impact on the environment, such as breeding new varieties adapted to specific latitudes, thus promoting the sustainable production of soybeans. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Peanut skin phenolics obtained by green solvent extraction: characterization and antioxidant activity in pure chia oil and chia oil in water (O/W) emulsion
Authors: Bodoira Romina , Martínez Marcela , Velez Alexis , Cittadini Maria C , Ribotta Pablo , Maestri Damián 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peanut skin (PS) is considered as an industrial waste with undervalued applications. Although several studies report potent antioxidant capacities of PS phenolics, the effectiveness in highly unsaturated lipid systems has not yet been evaluated. The objectives of the present study were two‐fold: (i) to characterize a PS phenolic extract (PSE) obtained by means of a green technology and (ii) to evaluate its antioxidant efficacy on pure chia oil and chia oil in water (O/W) acid emulsion.RESULTSPSE was composed mainly of monomeric and condensed flavonoids (procyanidin and proanthocyanidin oligomers). PSE displayed strong antioxidant properties as measured by different reducing power and radical scavenging capacities [IC50 = 0.36 μg dry extract (DE) mL−1 for ferric reducing antioxidant power; IC50 = 4.96 μg DE mL−1 for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)•; IC50 = 6.01 μg DE mL−1 for 2,2′‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS)•+; IC50 = 2.62 μg DE mL−1 for HO•]. It also showed high antioxidant efficacy when tested in pure chia oil under accelerated oxidation conditions (Rancimat, 100 °C). When added to the O/W emulsions maintained at 40 °C for 15 days, the PSE was more effective than a synthetic antioxidant (tert‐butylhydroquinone) with respect to minimizing the formation and degradation of lipid hydroperoxides.CONCLUSIONSThe antioxidant efficacy of PSE was primarily attributed to the abundance of compounds with a high number of phenolic‐OH groups. Because they were found to cover a relatively wide range of partition coefficients, the antioxidant properties could be also enhanced by effect of both interfacial and solubility phenomena. All of these features allow the potential use of PSE as a natural antioxidant in different types of foods, including acid emulsion systems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bifidobacteria exhibited stronger ability to utilize fructooligosaccharides, compared with other bacteria in the mouse intestine
Authors: Gu Jiayu , Mao Bingyong , Cui Shumao , Tang Xin , Liu Zhenmin , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been identified as important prebiotics. Previous studies have found that they can significantly promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in the mouse intestine. However, it is still unclear which other bacteria in the mouse intestine can utilize FOS, and the differences in the ability to utilize FOS. In this study, the bacteria capable of utilizing FOS were isolated from mice feces and their ability to utilize FOS was compared. Draft genome sequencing was also applied to explain the differences in FOS utilization at the gene levels.RESULTSA total of 15 species were isolated from mouse feces and 13 species were able to utilize fructofuranosylnystose (GF2). Eleven species could utilize nistose (GF3), but not Enterococcus hirae and Lactobacillus reuteri. In contrast, 1‐kestose (GF4) was hardly utilized. The enzyme activity determination and draft genome sequencing‐based analyses revealed that all isolated species used the phosphotransferase system or permease system to transport FOS into the cells before hydrolysis by β‐fructofuranosidase. Although β‐fructofuranosidase exists in all strains, there are big differences in the corresponding coding genes between bifidobacteria and non‐bifidobacteria.CONCLUSIONCompared with the other isolates, Bifidobacterium species exhibited higher enzyme activity and shorter generation time, leading to a stronger ability to utilize FOS. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Why do consumers subvert brands? investigating the influence of subjective well‐being on brand avoidance
Authors: Kuanr Abhisek , Pradhan Debasis , Lyngdoh Teidorlang , Lee Michael S. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNegative consumer–brand interactions often result in consumer subversion, in which consumers actively reject or avoid brands. To date, the role of positive emotional states, such as subjective well‐being, in brand avoidance remains a crucial oversight in the literature seeking to address consumer subversion. In this study, comprising three studies, we examine why and when subjective well‐being influences brand avoidance. Drawing on self‐control theory and the literature related to anti‐consumption, we argue and demonstrate in Study 1 (N = 330) that subjective well‐being enhances consumers' ability to avoid brands that transgress moral and ethical norms. Study 2 (N = 251) reveals the underlying psychological process by which subjective well‐being engenders greater self‐control in consumers who, as a response, exhibit brand avoidance behavior. Study 3 (N = 243) indicates that anti‐consumption attitude serves as the boundary condition; it specifically demonstrates that a macro‐oriented anti‐consumption attitude accentuates the influence of subjective well‐being on brand avoidance, whereas a micro‐oriented anti‐consumption attitude does not have any effect. Our research contributes to the consumer subversion literature by evaluating the influence of subjective well‐being on moral brand avoidance. This study offers key insights for marketing managers entering markets containing consumers with high or low subjective well‐being.
Prognostic signatures and potential pathogenesis of eRNAs‐related genes in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rong Hao , Li Yanguo , Hu Shiyun , Gao Liuying , Yi Tianfei , Xie Yangyang , Cai Ping , Li Jianjiong , Dai Xiaoyu , Ye Meng , Liao Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are a subclass of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have a wide effect in human tumors. However, the systematic analysis of potential functions of eRNAs‐related genes (eRGs) in colon cancer (CC) remains unexplored. In this study, a total of 8231 eRGs including 6236 protein‐coding genes and 1995 lncRNAs were identified in CC based on the multiple resources. These eRGs showed higher expression level and stability compared to other genes. What's more, the functions of these eRGs were closely related to cancer. Then a prognostic prediction model with 12 eRGs signatures were obtained for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. ROC curves showed the AUCs were 0.81, 0.77, and 0.78 for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival prediction, respectively. And the prognostic model also manifested good performance in the validation datasets. Besides, the expression levels of two prognostic signatures, TMEM220 and LRRN2, were verified to be significantly lower in CC tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < .05). Finally, the distinct molecular features were characterized between the high‐ and low‐risk group through multiomics analysis including DNA mutation and methylation. Our results show eRGs signatures based prognostic model has high accuracy and may provide innovative biomarkers in COAD.
The Efficacy and Safety of Pridopidine on Treatment of Patients with Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Asla Moamen Mostafa , Nawar Asmaa Ahmed , Abdelsalam Alaa , Elsayed Esraa , Rizk Marwa Abdelazim , Hussein Mohamed Alaa , Kamel Walaa A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPridopidine is a novel drug that helps stabilize psychomotor function in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) by activating the cortical glutamate pathway. It promises to achieve the unmet needs of current therapies of HD without worsening other symptoms.ObjectiveTo review the literature discussing the efficacy of pridopidine in alleviating motor symptoms and its safety in patients with HD.MethodsWe searched Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wiley, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pridopidine on HD. Data from eligible studies were extracted and pooled as mean differences for efficacy and risk ratios (RRs) for safety using RevMan software version 5.3.ResultsA total of 4 relevant RCTs with 1130 patients were selected (816 in the pridopidine group and 314 in the placebo group). The pooled effect size favored pridopidine over placebo insignificantly in the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score (mean difference [MD], −0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.01 to 0.14; P = 0.09), whereas the effect size of 3 studies significantly favored pridopidine over placebo in the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Modified Motor Score (MD, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.48 to −0.13; P = 0.02). Pridopidine generally was well tolerated. None of the adverse effects were considerably higher in the case of pridopidine compared with placebo in overall adverse events (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94–1.13; P = 0.49) and serious adverse events (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.88–2.99; P = 0.12).ConclusionThe effects of pridopidine on motor functions (especially voluntary movements) in patients with HD are encouraging and provide a good safety profile that motivates further clinical trials on patients to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
A deep‐learning‐based prediction model for the biodistribution of 90Y microspheres in liver radioembolization
Authors: Plachouris Dimitris , Tzolas Ioannis , Gatos Ilias , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis , Spyridonidis Trifon , Apostolopoulos Dimitris , Papathanasiou Nikolaos , Visvikis Dimitris , Plachouri Kerasia‐Maria , Hazle John D. , Kagadis George C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadioembolization with 90Y microspheres is a treatment approach for liver cancer. Currently, employed dosimetric calculations exhibit low accuracy, lacking consideration of individual patient, and tissue characteristics.PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to employ deep learning (DL) algorithms to differentiate patterns of pretreatment distribution of 99mTc‐macroaggregated albumin on SPECT/CT and post‐treatment distribution of 90Y microspheres on PET/CT and to accurately predict how the 90Y‐microspheres will be distributed in the liver tissue by radioembolization therapy.MethodsData for 19 patients with liver cancer (10 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 5 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 4 with liver metastases) who underwent radioembolization with 90Y microspheres were used for the DL training. We developed a 3D voxel‐based variation of the Pix2Pix model, which is a special type of conditional GANs designed to perform image‐to‐image translation. SPECT and CT scans along with the clinical target volume for each patient were used as inputs, as were their corresponding post‐treatment PET scans. The real and predicted absorbed PET doses for the tumor and the whole liver area were compared. Our model was evaluated using the leave‐one‐out method, and the dose calculations were measured using a tissue‐specific dose voxel kernel.ResultsThe comparison of the real and predicted PET/CT scans showed an average absorbed dose difference of 5.42% ± 19.31% and 0.44% ± 1.64% for the tumor and the liver area, respectively. The average absorbed dose differences were 7.98 ± 31.39 Gy and 0.03 ± 0.25 Gy for the tumor and the non‐tumor liver parenchyma, respectively. Our model had a general tendency to underpredict the dosimetric results; the largest differences were noticed in one case, where the model underestimated the dose to the tumor area by 56.75% or 72.82 Gy.ConclusionsThe proposed deep‐learning‐based pretreatment planning method for liver radioembolization accurately predicted 90Y microsphere biodistribution. Its combination with a rapid and accurate 3D dosimetry method will render it clinically suitable and could improve patient‐specific pretreatment planning.
Small‐field measurement and Monte Carlo model validation of a novel image‐guided radiotherapy system
Authors: Shi Mengying , Chuang Cynthia F. , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Bush Karl , Zaks Daniel , Xing Lei , Surucu Murat , Han Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe RefleXion™ X1 is a novel radiotherapy system that is designed for image‐guided radiotherapy, and eventually, biology‐guided radiotherapy (BgRT). BgRT is a treatment paradigm that tracks tumor motion using real‐time positron emission signals. This study reports the small‐field measurement results and the validation of a Monte Carlo (MC) model of the first clinical RefleXion unit.MethodsThe RefleXion linear accelerator (linac) produces a 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) photon beam and consists of a binary multileaf collimator (MLC) system with 64 leaves and two pairs of y‐jaws. The maximum clinical field size achievable is 400 × 20 mm2. The y‐jaws provide either a 10 or 20 mm opening at source‐to‐axis distance (SAD) of 850 mm. The width of each MLC leaf at SAD is 6.25 mm. Percentage depth doses (PDDs) and relative beam profiles were acquired using an Edge diode detector in a water tank for field sizes from 12.5 × 10 to 100 × 20 mm2. Beam profiles were also measured using films. Output factors of fields ranging from 6.25 × 10 to 100 × 20 mm2 were measured using W2 scintillator detector, Edge detector, and films. Output correction factors k of the Edge detector for RefleXion were calculated. An MC model of the linac including pre‐MLC beam sources and detailed structures of MLC and lower y‐jaws was validated against the measurements. Simulation codes BEAMnrc and GATE were utilized.ResultsThe diode measured PDD at 10 cm depth (PDD10) increases from 53.6% to 56.9% as the field opens from 12.5 × 10 to 100 × 20 mm2. The W2‐measured output factor increases from 0.706 to 1 as the field opens from 6.25 × 10 to 100 × 20 mm2 (reference field size). The output factors acquired by diode and film differ from the W2 results by 1.65% (std = 1.49%) and 2.09% (std = 1.41%) on average, respectively. The profile penumbra and full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) measured by diode agree well with the film results with a deviation of 0.60 mm and 0.73% on average, respectively. The averaged beam profile consistency calculated between the diode‐ and film‐measured profiles among different depths is within 1.72%. By taking the W2 measurements as the ground truth, the output correction factors k for Edge detector ranging from 0.958 to 1 were reported. For the MC model validation, the simulated PDD10 agreed within 0.6% to the diode measurement. The MC‐simulated output factor differed from the W2 results by 2.3% on average (std = 3.7%), while the MC simulated beam penumbra differed from the diode results by 0.67 mm on average (std = 0.42 mm). The MC FWHM agreed with the diode results to within 1.40% on average. The averaged beam profile consistency calculated between the diode and MC profiles among different depths is less than 1.29%.ConclusionsThis study represents the first small‐field dosimetry of a clinical RefleXion system. A complete and accurate MC model of the RefleXion linac has been validated.
Estrogen inhibits bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis via downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium cells
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Yang , Gao Ye , Zhang Hengshuai , Zhu Jingzhen , Dong Xingyou , Xu Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe therapeutic effect of estrogen on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is unclear. We aim to explore the effect of estrogen on bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis and its underlying mechanism.MethodsIn vivo cystometry was used to determine the effect of estrogen on bladder excitability. The effect of estrogen on the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Effect of P2X3 receptors in bladder urothelium on stretch‐released adenosine triphosphate was performed by a Flexcell FX5000 Compression system and an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit.ResultsEstrogen deprivation significantly increased the urinary frequency, while supplementation with diarylpropionitrile (DPN), an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist, alleviated the urinary frequency. 17β‐Estradiol and DPN decreased the expression of P2X3 receptors in urothelium cells which was partially inhibited by ERβ antagonist 4‐[2‐phenyl‐5,7‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl]phenol. Meanwhile, inhibiting the expression of P2X3 receptors by ERβ agonist or antagonizing the function of P2X3 receptors by selective P2X3 receptor antagonist AF‐353 or A‐317491 significantly reduced the stretch‐released ATP from urothelium cells.ConclusionsEstrogen has a direct effect on the regulation of bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis by downregulating the expression of bladder epithelial P2X3 receptors through ERβ and reducing the adenosine triphosphate released from urothelium during bladder filling, thereby inhibiting the generation of the micturition reflex.
Gear‐shifting control of non‐synchronizer electric‐driven mechanical transmission with active angle alignment
Authors: Lu Ziwang , Chen Hongxu , Wang Lijun , Zeng Yuanfan , Ren Xin , Li Kailin , Tian Guangyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐synchronizer electric‐driven mechanical transmission (EMT) has advantages of low cost and simple mechanical structure, which is a key assembly in electric vehicles. In such an system, as the synchronizer is removed from the mechanical transmission, big impacts between the sleeve and clutch gear arise during a gear shift, which cause a long power‐off interruption. In this article, our contribution is to propose a novel control strategy to avoid impacts by achieving both zero relative rotational speed and angle differences between the sleeve and clutch gear. To obtain this strategy, we first derive the dynamic model of the gear‐shifting process as a hybrid automaton (HA) model. Based on the HA model, we can see that impacts can be eliminated when the rotational speed and angle differences become zeros. Then, to obtain zero rotational speed and angle differences and reduce the gear‐shifting time, a time‐optimal control law to synchronize the rotational speed and angle is first solved based on Pontryagin's minimum principle. Meanwhile, to resolve the solution difficulty brought by the period‐varied rotational angle difference, we introduce an optimal initial angle difference, and then use an incremental angle difference to replace the period‐varied one. Based on that, a model tracking strategy is proposed to enhance the system's antidisturbance capacity. For the gear‐shifting actuator, a dual bang‐bang control law is solved to save the gear‐shifting time. Finally, we carry out simulations and bench tests to validate the control strategy. Results show that the control strategy can indeed reduce impacts and power‐off time.