bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Response to Biologic Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Choida Varvara , Hall-Craggs Margaret , Jebson Bethany R. , Fisher Corinne , Leandro Maria , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Ciurtin Coziana 
Published: February 2021

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory arthritis of childhood, characterized by various clinical phenotypes associated with variable prognosis. Significant progress has been achieved with the use of biologic treatments, which specifically block pro-inflammatory molecules involved in the disease pathogenesis. The most commonly used biologics in JIA are monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins targeting interleukins 1 (IL-1) and 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Several biomarkers have been investigated in JIA.Aims: To assess the level of evidence available regarding the role of biomarkers in JIA related to guiding clinical and therapeutic decisions, providing disease prognostic information, facilitating disease activity monitoring and assessing biologic treatment response in JIA, as well as propose new strategies for biologic therapy-related biomarker use in JIA.Methods: We searched PubMed for relevant literature using predefined key words corresponding to several categories of biomarkers to assess their role in predicting and assessing biologic treatment response and clinical remission in JIA.Results: We reviewed serological, cellular, genetic, transcriptomic and imaging biomarkers, to identify candidates that are both well-established and widely used, as well as newly investigated in JIA on biologic therapy. We evaluated their role in management of JIA as well as identified the unmet needs for new biomarker discovery and better clinical applications.Conclusion: Although there are no ideal biomarkers in JIA, we identified serological biomarkers with potential clinical utility. We propose strategies of combining biomarkers of response to biologics in JIA, as well as routine implementation of clinically acceptable imaging biomarkers for improved disease assessment performance.
Longitudinal Structural MRI Findings in Individuals at Genetic and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Merritt Kate , Luque Laguna Pedro , Irfan Ayela , David Anthony S. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Several cross-sectional studies report brain structure differences between healthy volunteers and subjects at genetic or clinical high risk of developing schizophrenia. However, longitudinal studies are important to determine whether altered trajectories of brain development precede psychosis onset.Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine if brain trajectories differ between (i) those with psychotic experiences (PE), genetic (GHR) or clinical high risk (CHR), compared to healthy volunteers, and (ii) those who transition to psychosis compared to those who do not.Results: Thirty-eight studies measured gray matter and 18 studies measured white matter in 2,473 high risk subjects and 990 healthy volunteers. GHR, CHR, and PE subjects show an accelerated decline in gray matter primarily in temporal, and also frontal, cingulate and parietal cortex. In those who remain symptomatic or transition to psychosis, gray matter loss is more pronounced in these brain regions. White matter volume and fractional anisotropy, which typically increase until early adulthood, did not change or reduced in high risk subjects in the cingulum, thalamic radiation, cerebellum, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, and hippocampal–thalamic tracts. In those who transitioned, white matter volume and fractional anisotropy reduced over time in the inferior and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corpus callosum, anterior limb of the internal capsule, superior corona radiate, and calcarine cortex.Conclusion: High risk subjects show deficits in white matter maturation and an accelerated decline in gray matter. Gray matter loss is more pronounced in those who transition to psychosis, but may normalize by early adulthood in remitters.
Comment les règlements des apothicaires étaient-ils organisés dans le territoire de l’État de Bourgogne entre 1200 et 1600 ?
Authors: Nanno Bolt 
Published: February 2021

Un inventaire des règlements pharmaceutiques pour les apothicaires entre 1200 et 1600 a été fait pour trente-quatre villes dans le territoire de l’État de Bourgogne. Neuf thèmes ont été discernés : 1) la conformité des poids et mesures, 2) la bonne qualité des marchandises, 3) le contrôle des préparations rares et coûteuses, 4) la délivrance des produits toxiques
et dangereux, 5) l’inspection des apothicaireries, 6) l’accès à la profession, 7) les prix imposés, 8) le monopole de la préparation et de la délivrance des médicaments, et 9) la position des veuves. L’initiative de rédiger des règlements médico-pharmaceutiques était souvent prise par la municipalité
et assez souvent à la suite des faux pas, comme des produits falsifiés, des conflits d’intérêts entre médecins et apothicaires, un crime par empoisonnement, de l’incorrection des médicaments composés, des prix exagérés dans les situations de monopole, etc. Généralement, on peut observer que le nombre des thèmes augmentait avec le temps et que les détails étaient de plus en plus explicitement formulés. Entre 1300 et 1600 le nombre des règlements pharmaceutiques augmente peu à peu jusqu’à trente-quatre pendant le XVIe siècle.
La légende du « pharmacien » Clovis Sagot
Authors: Lefebvre Thierry 
Published: February 2021

Did Clovis Sagot, one of the first Picasso’s art dealer,
work in a «drugstore-turned art gallery», as claimed by some (rare) contemporaries and many art historians ? Probably not ! On the other hand, around 1907, Sagot had commercial relations with
Le Courrier Français and its main sponsor, the Pastilles Géraudel.
Auguste Sartory, professeur et pharmacien-major. Des services exceptionnels à Nancy et à Paris au cours de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Labrude Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Auguste Sartory arrive à Nancy en 1912 déjà auréolé d’un superbe exposé de titres et travaux. Chargé du cours magistral de pharmacie, il l’est aussi du cours complémentaire de microbiologie, du cours public de mycologie, et il déploie une intense activité. Agrégé d’histoire naturelle et de pharmacie en 1914, il reste chargé de ces deux cours à Nancy, et se trouve mobilisé à l’hôpital militaire de la ville où il est immédiatement très actif à propos de la difficile question de l’épidémie de fièvres typhoïdes et para-typhoïdes. Affecté à Paris en mars 1916, il y est
responsable de plusieurs laboratoires, d’une pharmacie d’établissement, et il est amené à s’occuper de la lutte contre l’arme chimique et de la formation des pharmaciens auxiliaires. Son activité
scientifique reste cependant très intense avec la parution de plusieurs dizaines de publications, de
plusieurs ouvrages et la direction d’un ensemble de thèses. Nommé au grade de chevalier de la Légion d’honneur pour services exceptionnels le 14 juillet 1917, promu au grade de pharmacien major de 1re classe le 25 septembre 1918, il est nommé professeur titulaire de la chaire de pharmacie chimique à Nancy à compter du 1er novembre 1918. Mais la Victoire, avec le retour des «Provinces perdues» à la «Mère Patrie» , conduit à la création d’une nouvelle école supérieure de pharmacie à Strasbourg. Sartory y est nommé professeur à titre provisoire par un arrêté du 28 juillet 1919, puis
à titre définitif par le décret du 22 novembre 1919. La chaire dont il a la responsabilité correspond à ses vraies et réelles compétences, affinités et activités, la bactériologie et la cryptogamie, qui sont
aussi en partie celles qu’il a exercées pendant la guerre. Cette nomination prive Nancy, au terme
d’une présence de seulement quelques années, par ailleurs écourtées par le conflit, d’un professeur
d’une qualité exceptionnelle qui n’a cessé, pendant toute la guerre, mais surtout pendant toute sa carrière, de faire honneur à la Pharmacie et à l’Université.
РЕВМАТОИДЕН АРТРИТ И СИСТЕМА НА КОМПЛЕМЕНТА
Authors: KOSTURKOVA MARIYA BLAGOEVA , RADANOVA MARIA , MIHAYLOVA GALYA , KADINOV VLADIMIR 
Published: February 2021

Системата на комплемента представлява важна част от имунния отговор. Нормалното й функциониране е задължително за защитата на организма от патогени, както и за очистването му от имунни комплекси, апоптотични клетки и клетъчен дебрис. Прекалената й активация обаче може да доведе до отделяне на множество про-инфламаторни и цитотксични медиатори, причиняващи възпаление и тъканна увреда. Участието на комплемента в патогенезата на ревматоидния артрит (РА) е безспорно, но интимните механизми, по които то се осъществява и съответно възможностите за повлияването им, са все още обект на изследвания. Целта на настоящия обзор е да очертае и систематизира събраните до момента научни доказателства в това отношение.
IMPLIKASI PENDIDIKAN AQIDAH AKHLAK DALAM PENANGGULANGAN DAMPAK NEGATIF MEDIA
Authors: Wafi Ali , Wasil Sobri 
Published: February 2021

Penggunaan media elektronik perlu pengawasan dari orang tua dan guru. Seorang anak harus diarahkan untuk mendapatkan pendidikan keagamaan. Untuk menanggulangi dampat negatif dari penggunaan media elektronik, maka pendidikan aqidah akhlaq harus diajarkan dan diamalkan. Mata pelajaran Aqidah Akhlaq di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Mubarok Sumberpinang Pakusari Jember merupakan bagian integral dari pendidikan agama Islam, secara substansial mata pelajaran Aqidah dan Akhlaq memiliki kontribusi dalam memberikan motivasi kepada siswa untuk mempraktekkan nilai-nilai keyakinan keagamaan (tauhid) dan akhlakqul karimah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tulisan ini meberikan kesimpulkan bahwa pendidikan aqidah akhlak memiliki peran yang sangat urgen dalam menanggulangi dampak negatif penggunaan media elektronik pada siswa MTs. Al-Mubarok Sumberpinang Pakusari Jember .
The use of electronic media requires supervision from parents and teachers. A child should be directed to get religious education. To overcome the negative impact of using electronic media, aqidah morality education must be taught and practiced. The subject of Aqidah Akhlaq at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Mubarok Sumberpinang Pakusari Jember is an integral part of Islamic religious education, substantially the Aqidah and Akhlaq subjects have a contribution to motivate students to practice the values of religious belief (tauhid) and akhlakqul karimah in life. daily. This paper concludes that education of aqidah akhlak has a very urgent role in overcoming the negative impact of using electronic media on MTs students. Al-Mubarok Sumberpinang Pakusari Jember.
Kitab Kuning Dan Konstruk Nalar Pesantren
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi pesantren, khususnya terkait dengan pengembangan kajian keilmuan dalam rangka menjawab persoalan-persoalan kontemporer umat Islam di Indonesia. Isu HAM, Gender, dan dan nasionalisme, misalnya, menjadi tantang besar bagi kalangan pesantren untuk menjawab dan emmcahkan problem kebangsaan tersebut. Namun, jika pesantren hanya mengandalkan literatur kitab klasik apalagi dengan metodologi pengkajian yang bersifat tradisional sebagaimana yang selama ini dikembangkan, maka persoalan-persoalan di atas tidak terjawab dengan baik. Kajian keilmuan di pesantren harus lebih memberikan porsi besar bagi pengembangan kajian keislaman dengan corak burhani. Demokrasi hanya bisa tegak dengan berlakunya supremasi hukum. Hukum memiliki logika dan rasionalitas-nya, yang itu bisa dikembangkan dengan mengkaji lebih banyak ushul fiqh dan manthiq. Dengan mensinergiskan tiga nalar, bayani, burhani, dan irfani, pesantren akan mampu menghadapi tuntutan zaman. Untuk itu, pesantren perlu merumuskan kurikulum kajian keislaman secara lebih serius dan sistematis dengan memepertimbangkan porsi masing-masing nalar tersebut.
The various challenges faced by pesantren, especially those related to the development of scientific studies in the context of answering contemporary problems of Muslims in Indonesia. The issues of human rights (HAM), gender, and nationalism, for example, are a big challenge for pesantren to answer and solve this national problem. However, if the pesantren only relies on classical literature, let alone the traditional methodology of study as it has been developed, then the above problems will not be answered properly. Scientific studies in Islamic boarding schools should provide a greater portion for the development of Islamic studies with a burhani style. Democracy can only be upheld by the enactment of the rule of law. Law has its logic and rationality, which can be developed by studying more ushul fiqh and manthiq. By synergizing the three reasons, bayani, burhani, and irfani, pesantren will be able to face the demands of the times. For this reason, Islamic boarding schools need to formulate a more serious and systematic curriculum for Islamic studies by considering the respective portions of reasoning.
Entrepreneurship in High School Education – Perspectives of Colombian Teachers
Authors: Rico Alonso Angélica , Cardenas Angela 
Published: February 2021

The term entrepreneurship has been seen from a productive perspective, tending towards the development of business ideas. However, today it is also associated with the strengthening of skills and attitudes on a personal level. In Colombia, Law 1014 of 2006 regulates entrepreneurship as part of academic training, at all educational levels. Despite it being an initiative raised by the government, concrete actions on the subject are being directed by teachers in classrooms. For this reason, the views of high school teachers, through the lens of qualitative research, are essential for exploring the reality that education occupies in this aspect, and that increasingly highlights some obstacles which hinder its progress.
Therefore, the aim of this article – immersed in the framework of a doctoral thesis about the practices of entrepreneurship among high school teachers in public schools in Bogotá – is to expose which actions have been aimed at integrating entrepreneurship into Colombian high school education from the experience of teachers, as well as to unveil their criticism of the absence of the entrepreneurial process from the first grades established in the law, the role of the National Service of Learning (SENA) as an important institution in Colombia related to entrepreneurship in the classrooms, the lack of a more human vision that is less focused on production in entrepreneurship education, and the huge gap in teacher training in the area.
Optimization of displacement Talbot lithography for fabrication of uniform high aspect ratio gratings
Authors: Shi Zhitian , Jefimovs Konstantins , Romano Lucia , Stampanoni Marco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Displacement Talbot lithography can rapidly pattern periodic nanostructures with high depth of focus over large area. Imperfections in the phase mask profile and the stage movement inaccuracies during the exposure cause linewidth variation in every second line of binary gratings. While this beating is barely visible in patterned photoresist, it leads to substantial depth variation when transferred into high aspect ratio silicon structures, because of micro-loading in deep reactive ion etching. A proper scan range compensated the defect, and a beating-free grating with pitch size of 1 μm and aspect ratio of 54:1 is demonstrated.
"Calvário e porres do do pingente Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto", o road movie literário e experimental de João Antônio
Authors: Filgueiras de Souza Mariana 
Published: February 2021

Autor que sempre transitou entre o jornalismo e a literatura, João Antonio (1937-1996) foi também um defensor do hibridismo dessas linguagens. Este trabalho pretende analisar de que maneira a fricção entre a experiência jornalística e o exercício literário provocou em João Antonio a feitura de um livro de linguagem experimental, Calvário e porres do pingente Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1977). No livro, o autor faz uma colagem de textos em que intercala depoimentos, contos, cartas e fotos, criando um ensaio de estilo único em sua obra, com características de edição cinematográfica – um road movie literário – que amplia e moderniza sua linguagem, ao mesmo tempo em que dá permanência à sua disposição jornalística.
Pandemia, ayudas de Estado y ayudas a los Estados: el reto de la eficiente asignación de recursos públicos en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Rodríguez Miguez José Antonio 
Published: February 2021

La actual crisis nos sitúa en una encrucijada histórica decisiva. El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer una visión de los instrumentos diseñados para hacerle frente en materia de ayudas estatales y de ayudas europeas a los Estados y su incidencia en el funcionamiento competitivo de los mercados.
Para ello abordaremos primero el marco temporal bajo el que la Comisión Europea está dispuesta a aceptar la compatibilidad de determinadas ayudas estatales. A continuación, los instrumentos financieros excepcionales diseñados por la UE para reforzar y estimular la economía europea. Finalmente, y como necesario corolario, recordaremos las pautas básicas que deberán tener en cuenta las administraciones y operadores para diseñar sus ayudas y proyectos eficientes y desde la perspectiva de la competencia.
ТOPONYMIC RELICTS IN VORONEZH SURNAMES
Authors: Верховых Л.Н. 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются фамилии жителей ряда сел Воронежской области, восходящие к топонимам и катойконимам. Материалом исследования послужили более 1300 антропонимических единиц в синхронии и 275 в диахронии (по данным ревизских сказок 1816 года). Целью данной статьи является установление различных видов топонимических реликтов в воронежских фамилиях (на примере ряда сел Поворинского, Новохоперского, Таловского районов Воронежской области) с использованием описательного и сравнительно-исторического методов. В результате исследования с лексико-семантической точки зрения выделены следующие типы топонимических реликтов: 1) топонимические реликты, восходящие к разновидностям топонимов - ойконимам (собственным именам поселений); 2) топонимические реликты, восходящие к катойконимам - оттопонимным образованиям (нарицательным именованием жителей по названию места жительства); 3) топонимические реликты, восходящие к гидронимам - собственным наименованиям водных объектов. Топонимическую основу имеют 2,5% от общего числа рассмотренных антропонимов. Анализ сохранившихся в фамилиях топонимических реликтов, классифицированных в соответствии с основами онимов, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в Воронежский край переселялись жители из разных областей Центральной России, с юга России - Ростовского края, Белоруссии, а также с Украины, что подтверждают и исторические документы.
The article deals with the surnames of a number of villages in Voronezh region that go back to toponyms and kataikonyms. We have used more than 1300 anthroponymic units in synchrony and 275 indiachrony (according to the revision lists of 1816) as the research material. The purpose of this article is to establish various types of toponymic relicts in Voronezh surnames (exemplified by a number of villages of Povorinsky, Novokhopersky, Talovsky districts of the Voronezh region) using descriptive and comparative historical methods. As a result of the study, we have identified the following types of toponymic relicts from lexical and semantic pointы of view: 1) toponymic relicts dating back to the varieties of toponyms - oikonyms (proper names of settlements); 2) toponymic relicts dating back to katoikonyms - toponym formations (common names of people derived from the name of the residence place); 3) toponymic relicts dating back to hydronyms - proper names of water bodies. 2.5% of the total number of considered anthroponyms have a toponymic basis. Ananalysis of the toponymic relicts preserved in the surnames, classified in accordance with the basics of onyms, allow us to conclude that residents from different regions of Central Russia, from the South of Russia - the Rostov region, Belarus, as well as from Ukraine moved to the Voronezh region, which is also confirmed by historical documents.
IMPLEMENTASI COBIT 5 PAM DAN ITIL V3 2011 UNTUK PENILAIAN KAPABILITAS PADA SISTEM SERVICE DESK
Authors: Indah Dwi Rosa , Russandwi Saras Dhilarofii , Firdaus Mgs. Afriyan 
Published: February 2021

Saat ini sistem infomasi memegang peranan penting dalam sebuah organisasi. PT. XYZ telah menerapkan Sistem Informasi Service Desk TI yang digunakan untuk mencatat dan memonitor keluhan atau permasalahan user (pegawai) PT. XYZ. Namun layanan yang diberikan oleh sistem informasi ini belum berjalan dengan optimal karena masih sering terjadi keluhan atau permasalahan sehingga perlu penilaian kualitas layanan. Pada paper ini akan dibahas tentang penilaian kualitas layanan pada PT. XYZ dengan menggunakan COBIT 5 PAM dan ITIL V3 2011. Penilaian kapabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat layanan agar layanan dari Sistem Informasi dapat berjalan dengan efektif agar dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan. Hasil dari pemetaan menggunakan COBIT 5 dan ITIL V3 2011 didapatkan empat proses yaitu DSS01 (mengelola operasi), DSS02, (mengelola permintaan layanan dan insiden), DSS03 (mengelola masalah) dan DSS06 (mengelola kontrol proses bisnis). Hasil penilaian kapabilitas dari keempat proses tersebut didapatkan rata-rata berada pada level 2 (managed process). Adapun rekomendasi yang diberikan untuk keempat proses tersebut adalah naik ke level 3 (established process) yaitu tujuan bisnis yang telah dibangun harus diimplementasikan dengan terdefinisi agar tujuan proses tersebut mendapatkan hasil yang dituju.
Aportes teóricos para el análisis de la competitividad y la cadena de valor en las micro y pequeñas empresas
Authors: Cáceres Cabana Yezelia Danira , Castillo Ureta María , Carpio Anconeira Gabriela 
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo presenta una revisión de los aportes teóricos que explican los elementos estratégicos generadores de competitividad y de valor en las micros y pequeñas empresas las mismas que son fuente de empleo y constituyen un elemento de soporte económico para la mayoría de peruanos. Se discuten enfoques sobre la competitividad empresarial, sus determinantes y metodologías de análisis.
Saberes Elementares Aritméticos em Revistas Pedagógicas do Pará (1890 – 1904)
Authors: Mendes Iran Abreu , Amorim Noronha Glaucianny 
Published: February 2021

RESUMO
Nesse trabalho caracterizamos os saberes elementares aritméticos identificados nas Revistas Pedagógicas que circularam no Estado do Pará entre 1890 e 1904. Nossa finalidade é evidenciar os modos como os fundamentos teóricos e didáticos relacionados ao ensino de aritmética no primário eram abordados nesses periódicos para contribur na aquisição de saberes profissionais pelos professores do ensino primário, nos fins do século XIX e inicio do século XX, no Pará. A partir de uma pesquisa documental realizada junto ao Arquivo Público do Pará, os periódicos foram investigados a fim de identificar agrupar os saberes relativos a aritmética, geometria e desenho, e por fim analisar os conteúdos de artimética. Os resultados mostraram que as revistas pedagógicas da época apresentavam saberes elementares a ensinar e em diversos momentos encaminhavam métodos de ensino com simples abordagens, como forma de oferecer ao professor novas maneiras de tratar tais saberes em suas atividades escolares.