bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Variability of Urinary Tract Stones in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL-Nasser Khalid Abdulrahman , Neel Abdullah Fouda , Alyami Fahad Ali , Al-Barraq Khalid Manawer , Alsheheli Muaath Mohammed , Alomar Mohammed Abdulaziz , Althunayan Abdulaziz Mohammed , Binsaleh Saleh Abdulrahman , Almannie Raed Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Context:
Urinary tract stones are a highly prevalent problem affecting public health worldwide. Studying demographic variability in urolithiasis across different geographical areas in terms of prevalence, age, sex, stone composition, climate, and comorbidities can aid in differentiating between varieties of stone types and identifying high-risk populations.

Aims:
We conducted this study to identify correlations and demonstrate the demographic variability in urinary tract stone cases in Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design:
We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients who underwent stone analysis in our institution between May 2015 and June 2017.

Subjects and Methods:
We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for stone analysis to analyze the chemical composition of each stone. We recorded the different seasons when the stones were initially analyzed and the demographics of our patients, including age, sex, general comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and other patient-specific comorbidities, and stone type.

Statistical Analysis Used:
We analyzed our data using the statistical data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp).

Results:
We divided the ages of the patients into seven distinct age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and + 65) to easily define and compare the incidence of stones within each age group and between sexes. We divided the year into hot and cold seasons according to the annual climate in Saudi Arabia. We also defined patients' coexisting comorbidities in our results.

Conclusion:
We found that the incidence of some types of urinary tract stones could be predicted by the presence of chronic illnesses in the middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia.
Smell Disturbance among Saudi COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Alroqi Ahmad S. , Alothaim Leen Othaim , Albugami Shoag Jaza , Alothaim Noura Othaim , Alqabbani Almaha A. , Alromaih Saud R. , Alharbi Sama Obaid , Alangari Fatima Saad , Saja Danyah Khalid , AlMutawa Sarah Saeed 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
Recently, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, and since then, many studies have examined its symptomatology. In this study, we aimed to focus on Saudi patients with COVID-19 who also experienced smell dysfunction. We hypothesized that there would be a high percentage of COVID-19 patients with smell dysfunction in the Saudi population.

Methodology:
A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in August 2020 and was designed to assess anosmia and hyposmia in Saudi patients with a positive COVID-19 test. Only Saudi adults with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. We distributed an electronic, self-administered questionnaire through social media platforms, and personal contact to query the patients who had a positive COVID-19 test.

Results:
The study included 1005 patients, of whom 63.5% were female. More than three quarters (76.7%) were between the ages of 18 and 38 years. Most of them (74.1%) were healthy, while some of them (25%) reported associated comorbidities. Overall, approximately three-quarters (72%) of the participants developed smell dysfunction during the infection period, with (17.3%) experiencing a partial loss of smell (hyposmia), and (54%) experiencing a complete loss of smell (anosmia).

Conclusions:
Our study revealed that approximately three-quarters (72%) of the participants with COVID-19 developed smell dysfunction during the infection period, which supports our hypothesis.
Smokers' Perception, Attitudes Towards Smoking Cessation When Visiting a Smoker Physician
Authors: Alodhayani Abdulaziz A. , Alhussain Abdulelah I. , Alshughaithry Fahad M. , Aloqayli Saad Ali , Bin Owaimer Saad Abdullah , Showail Khaled A. , Basalem Salem Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Smoking is one of the leading risk factors that raised mortalities and morbidities significantly. Smoking cessations programs were implemented to reduce the number of smokers. Many factors may influence the smoking cessation including factors related to the treating physician.

Objective:
To determine smokers' perception and attitude towards smoking cessation when knowing the physician is a smoker.

Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional survey study that has been conducted among smokers' patients at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, the estimated sample size was 200 participants.

Results:
The participants who saw a smoking physician were 90% and 8.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. The remaining 10% participants reported that they did not see a smoking physician and 15.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. There was significant correlation between attitude toward smoking cessation and the smoking status and the highest score was found among current smokers and lowest score among ex-smokers (P-value= 0.012). Moreover, the score was highest among those who have history of failed attempt to quit smoking. Lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in scores based on perception and attitude towards smoking cessations when knowing the physician is a smoker.

Conclusion:
The present study assessed the level of perception and attitude among smokers and the results suggest a different impact of smoker physicians and compared it according to characteristics of smoking. Also, this study showed variations in the behaviors of smoking and cessation, smoking-related barriers that prevent patients from stopping smoking based on physician smoking status.
Age-Adjusted Survival Analysis of Lymphoma Patients Diagnosed from Extranodal Sites
Authors: Alzahrani Musa 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphoid system that typically presents in nodal tissues. Involvement of extranodal sites is less common and has been shown to be associated with worst outcomes. The site of the initial diagnosis could give an idea about the accessibility of diagnostic tissue, disease presentation, behavior, and maybe associated with prognostic significance.

Methodology:
We retrospectively reviewed all adult lymphoma cases diagnosed with lymphoma in our center from 2008 to 2018 and studied the association between extranodal site of biopsy and overall survival (OS). Logrank method was used to calculate P value, and cox proportional hazard was used for age-adjusted survival analysis.

Results:
A total of 433 patients were included. Median age was 48 years, 183 (42%) were female, and 143 patients (33%) were diagnosed from extranodal sites. The most common site of extranodal involvement was gastrointestinal tract with 69 cases (16%), followed by lung 16 (4%) then central nervous system 11 (2.5%). The most common pathologic diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 182 (42%), followed by classical Hodgkin lymphoma 139 (32%) and then follicular lymphoma 31 (7%). Patients who were diagnosed from a biopsy obtained from extranodal site had a worst OS as compared to patients diagnosed from nodal sites with a significant P value in univariate analysis 0.049 and P = 0.05 after adjusting for age.

Conclusion:
Patients diagnosed with lymphoma from an extranodal site have a worst OS even after adjusting for age as compared to those diagnosed from nodal sites.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Vaccine Acceptance for Coronavirus Disease 2019 among the Public in a MERS-CoV-Endemic Country
Authors: Barry Mazin Adnan , Zawawi Bader A. , AlGhusoon Moath K. , AlArifi Abdulrahman S. , AlHothaly Saud K. , Fatani Omar Abdulmohsen 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
The objective of the study is to identify associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge, scope of attitudes, and self-reported practices among adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Riyadh.

Methods:
A quantitative, cross-sectional study of adults was conducted using a multistage participatory approach between May 31 and June 7, 2020, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
Of 1364 study participants, 73.9% knew the descriptive type of COVID-19. Females showed a statistically significant higher knowledge composite (P < 0.0001), and the majority had higher sufficient knowledge scores than males. Only 24.9% agreed that individuals could be tested positive for influenza and COVID-19 at the same time. Negative attitudes were highly prevalent among younger, unmarried, non-Saudi, male participants (P < 0.05). 72.9% reported placing masks on infants or children under 2 years. Similarly, older age groups and Saudi females were better at practicing risk-based preventive controls for COVID-19 than younger age groups and non-Saudi males (P < 0.0001). 60% expressed that if a vaccine would be available this year, they would feel it was rushed, while 56% would consider receiving it but would wait to see what happens to others.

Conclusion:
These findings could be helpful in guiding machine learning models in groups more affected by knowledge insufficiency, gaps in attitudes, and behavioral compliance.
Histopathological Spectrum and Clinicopathological Concordance of Nonneoplastic Skin Lesions at a Teaching Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ndukwe Chinedu O. , Chiemeka Michael Emeka , Eziagu Uchechukwu Brian , Ndukwe Chinwe Chioma , Uzoigwe Joseph Chukwuma 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Only a few clinicopathological epidemiological studies detailing histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases have been carried out in Nigeria. Thus, the aim of this study was to retrospectively survey the histopathological spectrum and clinicopathological concordance of histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases in Nigeria over a 16-year period.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved the assessment of all skin biopsy specimens received at the Department of Histopathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, from January 2004 to December 2019. Histopathological diagnoses based on these skin biopsies were made by consultant anatomical pathologists using routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. All relevant demographic data and provisional clinical diagnoses were obtained from the histopathology laboratory requisition forms provided with the specimens. The skin lesions were then classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision (2019).

Results:
A total of 347 skin lesion biopsy specimens were included in this study. Most of the patients were aged 20–39 years old, with a mean age of 34.2 years. One hundred and forty-eight (42.7%) of the patients were males, whereas 199 (57.3%) were females. The most common 1CD-10 categories were disorders of skin appendages (105/347 [30.3%] cases) and papulo squamous disorders (81/347 [23.3%] cases), whereas the least common category was radiation-related disorders of the skin (2/347 [0.6%] cases). The most common disorder of the skin appendage was epidermal inclusion cyst (71/105 [71.4%] cases). Lichen planus was the most common papulosquamous disorder observed (26/81 [32.1%] cases). Only 202 cases included records of the biopsy site. The lower extremities were the most common sites of involvement (48/202 [23.8%] cases). The clinical diagnosis was concordant with the histopathological diagnosis in 55.3% of the cases, whereas it was discordant in the remaining cases.

Conclusion:
The most common skin diseases observed in this study were disorders of skin appendages and papulosquamous lesions. Our study provides baseline data for future population-targeted studies of nonneoplastic skin diseases.
Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Trunk Stability and Gait Parameter in Stroke Patients
Authors: Shah Smit R. , Doshi Heta , Shah Chaitali 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Neurological deficits after stroke are impaired motor functions including balance and gait. Such gait deviations are associated with decreased gait velocity followed by a change in the timing and distance with each step cover. The pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) facilitates the trunk and lower extremity motion and also provides the stability of trunk. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of Pelvic PNF on gait and trunk stability in stroke patients.

Methods and Analysis:
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Qualitative Systematic Reviews guidelines. The electronic databases were searched for a quality assessment from the start of databases with all studies of review interest being “Pelvic PNF” exercise, and the outcome of interest was related to trunk function and gait parameters. The characteristics of each study are outlined in Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome, and the findings using the Critical Appraisal Skills program for Randomized Controlled Trials were used to assess methodological quality.

Results:
The reviews in these studies were interest-related “Pelvic PNF.” The results of these reviews of all studies suggest that Pelvic PNF significantly improves trunk stability as well as gait parameters which proves this technique to be most applicable in stoke patients.

Conclusion:
This review had looked at the Pelvic PNF exercises to physiotherapy care for treatment of hemiparetic patients and demonstrated significant improvement in trunk stability and gait parameters such as cadence, gait velocity, and stride length.
A MORTE NA PERSPECTIVA BIOLÓGICA E ESPIRITUAL NA RELAÇÃO DE UM FENÔMENO NATURAL CELULAR
Authors: Rodrigues Marco Aurélio Martins 
Published: October 2021

A morte biológica é um processo que se relaciona com uma série de ações biológicas celulares sinalizadoras. Na busca de compreensão da alma é possível sugerirmos proposições que possam interagir e integrar os corpos físico e espiritual. Perante proteínas celulares responsáveis pela proteção celular e eliminação de componentes tóxicos, buscamos objetivar uma associação entre as perspectivas filosóficas, inclusive na religião para o processo de morte. A morte deve ser compreendida como condição natural para os seres vivos, e que desencadeia a esperança na própria vida. Na morte programada e prevista pelas células biológicas, seja por motivo de saúde ou até mesmo a finalização de um tempo de vida, as etiquetas químicas da morte entram em ação. Morte e vida estão em íntima relação biológica e espiritual. É nesse sentido que a morte também é um fator de manutenção das tradições e preocupações humanas para uma evolução biológica e divina.
Palavras-chave: A Morte Biológica. E Espiritual. Fenômeno Natural Celular.

Abstract
Biological death is a process that is related to a series of signaling cellular biological actions. In the search for understanding the soul, it is possible to suggest propositions that can interact and integrate the physical and spiritual bodies. Faced with cellular proteins responsible for cellular protection and elimination of toxic components, we seek to aim at an association between philosophical perspectives, including religion for the process of death. Death must be understood as a natural condition for living beings, which triggers hope in life itself. In programmed and predicted death by biological cells, whether for health reasons or even the end of a lifetime, the chemical labels of death come into play. Death and life are in an intimate biological and spiritual relationship. It is in this sense that death is also a factor in maintaining human traditions and concerns for a biological and divine evolution.
Keywords: Biological Death. And Spiritual. Signaling Cellular biological Actions.
Formulasi Sediaan Obat Kumur Ekstrak Etanol Daun Selasih (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Sebagai Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Oktaviani Adel Fina , Rahmatullah St. , Pambudi Dwi Bagus 
Published: October 2021

Tanaman selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki khasiat terutama pada bagian daunnya yaitu sebagai antibakteri. Kandungan senyawa aktif daun selasih yaitu eugenol, metal eugenol, linalool, geraniol, anetol, eucaliptol dan metal sinnamat. Obat kumur dapat digunakan untuk menjaga kesegaran nafas atau mengatasi penyakit yang ada di dalam rongga mulut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) yang di buat dalam sediaan obat kumur terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan untuk mengetahui zona hambat tiap konsentrasinya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun selasih 13%, 15%, dan 17%. Kontrol positif obat kumur listerin (Cool mint) dan kontrol negatif sediaan obat kumur tanpa ekstrak. Evaluasi sediaan obat kumur ekstrak etanol daun selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) seperti uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji homogenitas, uji viskositas, uji stabilitas dan uji zona hambat bakteri. Kesimpulan formula sediaan obat kumur ekstrak etanol daun selasih menunjukkan hasil uji sediaan sesuai dengan literatur kecuali uji viskositas. Formula sediaan obat kumur ekstrak daun selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) memiliki daya hambat pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan zona hambat sebesar 4 mm pada formula I, formula II 4,8 mm, dan formula III 9,15 mm.
Kinetic study of methanolysis of African palm oil (Elaeis Guineensis) for biodiesel production
Authors: Barrera D. Alvarez 
Published: October 2021

Biodiesel is nowadays one of the most important biofuel alternatives for diesel engines. The feasibility of its production on each country depends mainly on the raw material selected for this purpose and its availability. African palm has proved to be a good alternative for biodiesel’s production in countries close to Ecuador due to the weather conditions help to have high oil yields by hectare. Kinetics of transesterification of this oil with methanol in a basic catalytic medium with sodium hydroxide was studied doing a statistical analysis to find the ratios of methanol and catalyst that allow the best yield of biofuel. The hydroxide ratio found was 0.6 % w/w and the best methanol molar ratio was 5:1. Yields over 90% were obtained at low-medium temperatures in reaction times of 25 minutes. Kinetics of esterification of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide was also obtained as a complement of the study to show the impact of saponification in biodiesel’s production.

O biodiesel é hoje em dia uma das mais importantes alternativas aos biocombustíveis para motores diesel. A viabilidade da sua produção em cada país depende principalmente da matéria-prima seleccionada para o efeito e da sua disponibilidade. A palma africana provou ser uma boa alternativa para a produção de biodiesel em países próximos do Equador, devido às condições climatéricas que ajudam a ter elevados rendimentos petrolíferos por hectare. A cinética de transesterificação deste óleo com metanol num meio catalítico básico com hidróxido de sódio foi estudada fazendo uma análise estatística para encontrar os rácios de metanol e catalisador que permitem o melhor rendimento do biocombustível. A razão de hidróxido encontrada foi de 0,6% p/p e a melhor razão molar do metanol foi de 5:1. Produções superiores a 90% foram obtidas a baixas temperaturas médias em tempos de reacção de 25 minutos. A cinética de esterificação de ácidos gordos com hidróxido de sódio foi também obtida como complemento do estudo para mostrar o impacto da saponificação na produção de biodiesel.
Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Measures on Nausea and Vomiting during First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Marak Asmaa I. , El-Sheikh Mona A. , Ahmed Eman M. S. 
Published: October 2021

Context: Nausea and vomiting are the most common pregnancy symptoms that negatively affect many pregnant women. Severity varies from mild distaste for certain foods to more severe vomiting.
Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of applying evidence-based measures on nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was used. The study was conducted at the antenatal clinics at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. A purposive sample of forty-seven pregnant women was included in this study. All women received the evidence-based intervention. Data were collected using three tools. A structured interviewing questionnaire, pregnancy symptoms inventory (PSI), and weekly follow-up record. In addition to Arabic Evidence-based guide for alleviating nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. All pregnant women that suffered from nausea and vomiting followed the evidence-based guidelines designed by the researcher that involved instructions related to lifestyle modification. Besides, one of the following: herbal therapy, acupressure, and aromatherapy to relieve nausea and vomiting.
Results: The study sample mean age was 28.1±6.42, with a mean gestational age of 9.43 ±3.88. 72% of them used nothing to overcome nausea and vomiting, while 18% used medication, and only 10% used a lifestyle modification before intervention. All women adopt lifestyle modification; 72.3% use herbal therapy after the intervention. The present study demonstrates a highly significant difference between responses before and after the intervention related to nausea and vomiting (p 0.004). There is a significant association between the evidence-based measure used and the relief of nausea and vomiting at p<0.01.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that evidence-based measures positively alleviated nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. A leaflet or booklet about evidence-based measures for alleviating minor discomforts during pregnancy as a hospital protocol for guiding nurses in the application is strongly recommended.
MERCADO DE ARTE, ORGANIZAÇÕES E ARTISTAS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Maranhão Romero de Albuquerque 
Published: October 2021

Na contemporaneidade, o mercado das obras de arte carrega nuances tão intrigantes quanto às próprias técnicas e representações das produções artísticas. Ele movimenta cifras altas em todo o mundo – a considerar leilões, vendas em galerias de arte, aquisições de museus e até polêmicas transações ilegais, como as que eclodiram recentemente na Operação Lava Jato. Com isso, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica da produção artística de quatro reconhecidos artistas, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar conceitos e reflexões sobre o mercado de arte contemporâneo e suas (inter) conexões com as organizações artísticas, bem como com os artistas. Conclui-se que, na Arte Contemporânea, o artista cujas obras, ainda, não têm visibilidade no mercado de arte, não existe até que alguém como um reconhecido curador e/ou colecionador o transforme em marca, ou grife, principalmente de luxo, além do auto marketing.