bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of multi‐cationic aminopyrene‐based tag for oligosaccharide labeling by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Krenkova Jana , Dusa Filip , Cmelik Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we characterize a previously synthesized multi‐cationic aminopyrene‐based labeling tag for oligosaccharide analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF). The fluorescent tag, 4,4',4''‐(8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonyl)tris(1‐methylpiperazine) (APTMP), was characterized by reaction with standard maltooligosaccharides and the labeling parameters such as fluorescent tag concentration, labeling temperature, and time as well as influence of a reducing agent and its solvent were investigated in terms of labeling efficiency. The nanomolar limit of detection of CE/LIF analysis of APTMP labeled maltopentaose was determined. However, significant amount of the oligosaccharides was reduced to alditols, which negatively affects the yield and rate of the labeling reaction. Under optimized conditions, a highly reproducible labeling by multi‐cationic APTMP was obtained; however, the most commonly used labeling by multi‐anionic 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (APTS) is superior compared to APTMP labeling. Lower reactivity of APTMP compared to APTS can be explained by the loss of nucleophilicity induced by substitution of the sulfonate groups with more electron‐withdrawing aminosulfonyl ones. On contrary, APTMP is still a promising tag for oligosaccharide labeling followed by CE‐MS in a positive ion mode, which is considered to be more sensitive than MS detection of APTS in a negative ion mode.
Comparison of the influence of solid and phase change materials as a thermal storage medium on the performance of a solar chimney
Authors: Méndez Carlos , Bicer Yusuf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the heat storage system's influence on a solar chimney's power production. This study considers several material types, including solid and phase change materials, at the bottom section of a solar chimney for energy storage, and evaluates their effects on the energy yield and capacity to prolong the power output during the absence of the sun. A computational fluid dynamic model using COMSOL Multiphysics is performed to carry out this work. An initial steady‐state analysis using average monthly irradiance is implemented, after which the top two solid and phase change material options are selected. Subsequently, a time‐dependent simulation using a typical summer day is carried out for the chosen storage materials. The overall performance results are comparatively assessed in terms of average temperature, power generation, and efficiency. As a result, bismuth‐led‐tin‐cadmium and magnesium chloride hexahydrate present the highest power production among the phase change materials, giving a yearly average power output of 27.46 kW and a storage temperature of about 346 K. On the other hand, sandstone offers the highest overall annual average power production, yielding 31.49 kW, and a storage temperature of 352.17 K. This material also reflects the highest yearly average energy and exergy efficiencies with 0.122% and 0.128%, respectively.
Suitability of phytoliths as a quantitative process tracer for soil erosion studies
Authors: Kraushaar Sabine , Konzett Matthias , Kiep Janika , Siebert Christian , Meister Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhytoliths are plant microfossils commonly used as qualitative archive markers in archaeological and paleoecological studies. Their potential uniqueness to the vegetation cover, robustness to weathering, and lack of chemical alteration along the transport paths make them potentially suitable tracers for quantitative erosion studies. In this pilot study, we explore the potential of phytoliths in a sediment fingerprinting study in the Ceguera catchment (28 km2) in NE Spain. The phytolith concentrations and morphologies of four land cover classes (agricultural land, badland, forest, and shrubland) were analysed, and their contributions to four natural sediment mixture samples along the river course were modelled. Phytolith concentrations allowed us to discriminate sources sufficiently, albeit with limited sample size. The performance of the phytoliths as tracer was tested by reproducing the sources of artificial sediment mixture samples with satisfactory recall ratio. Results identified badlands to be the main contributor, with 84–96% of the sediment load to the sinks, followed by shrublands (median 5%) and agricultural lands (median 2%). These major findings can be reproduced by other conventional erosion studies from this area, indicating that phytoliths are suited to quantifying erosion patterns in mesoscale catchments.
Effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil and potassium sorbate on inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, microbial and chemical quality of raw trout fillet during refrigerator storage
Authors: Motavaf Forough , Mirvaghefi Alireza , Farahmand Hamid , Hosseini Seyed Vali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman listeriosis is predominantly associated with contaminated food consumption, including seafood, shrimp, and RTE foods. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is mainly found in freshwater, seawater, and fish mucus. Seafood contamination can occur during food processing. L.monocytogenes levels of below 100 cfu/g can be found in seafood samples. The present study was conducted to investigates the effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) and potassium sorbate (PS) on microbial and chemical changes in raw rainbow trout at 4°C to extent shelf life and improve food safety. First, the chemical compositions of ZEO were identified. Then, different percentage of ZEO (1.5, 0.8, and 0.5%) and PS (2%) were inoculated in raw fish fillets and analyzed for TVC, TBA, TVB‐N, pH, sensory attributes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and inoculated L. monocytogenes (1 × 105 cfu/g) survival at 4°C for 12 days. The best sensory evaluation score was observed for the samples treated with 0.8% and 1.5% ZEO. Overall, this study results indicated that the treatment of rainbow trout fillet with 1.5% ZEO is the best method for controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes at refrigerator temperature without any undesirable sensory effects.
Stabilization and attributive amelioration of sugarcane juice by naturally derived preservatives using aonla and moringa extract
Authors: Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Syed Ayesha , Zia Sania , Ahmed Waqar , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Inam‐Ur‐Raheem Muhammad , Abid Muhammad , Shabbir Muhammad Asim , Qureshi Shahnah , Din Ahmad , Karrar Emaad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSugarcane juice (SCJ) is a cheap, popular, and very nutritious beverage served at roadside stalls in many countries during harvesting season. The juice is normally consumed immediately after extraction as fermentation sets within a few hours of extraction. Preserving the raw sugarcane juice is always challenging because it spoils within a few hours of extraction due to fermentation. Therefore, the bottling, distribution, and marketing of sugarcane are difficult tasks. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of naturally derived preservatives using aonla extract (AE) and moringa extract (ME) in different proportions (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) for the preservation of SCJ during 21 days of the storage period at 4 ± 2°C temperature. The effect of extracts and storage time were analyzed on physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, enzymatic, microbiological, and sensory analyses of SCJ. A significant improvement in pH of 5% AE (5.30 ± 0.06) and 5% ME (5.36 ± 0.02) was observed at 21 days as compared to control (5.89 ± 0.02). The total phenolic contents in 7% ME were also observed to be retained (4.4 ± 0.02 mg GAE/mL) at 21 days as compared to control (2.65 ± 0.03 mg GAE/mL). Other physicochemical and phytochemical analyses including titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, 2,2‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) also indicated that SCJ treated with ME was significantly stable (p < .05) regarding quality parameters, nutritional and sensory attributes at different storage intervals. These findings may be practical for the large‐scale production, storage, and marketing of SCJ products.
Technically exploitable mineral carbonation potential of four alkaline waste materials and effects on contaminant mobility
Authors: Schnabel Kevin , Brück Felix , Pohl Sven , Mansfeldt Tim , Weigand Harald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMineral carbonation of alkaline wastes can contribute to the sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study we examined the CO2 sequestration potential of four dry‐discharged waste materials using theoretical and experimental approaches. The materials encompassed biomass bottom ash, biomass fly ash, refuse‐derived fuel fly ash, and stainless‐steel slag. Their CO2 sequestration potential was determined from the acid neutralization capacity (ANC) and alternatively from the elemental composition using the Steinour equation (StE). Results were compared to experimental data from batch carbonation tests performed with pure CO2 at near atmospheric pressure over 7 days. Influence of water content on the CO2 uptake was determined in short‐term carbonation tests over 2 hr. Effects related to the hydration and the subsequent carbonation were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and leaching tests. Depending on the material the experimental CO2 uptakes ranged from 0.99 to 2.54 mol kg−1. The ANC‐based approach either under‐ or overestimated the experimental CO2 uptake and the StE strongly overestimated the experimental CO2 uptake throughout. Except for biomass fly ash the experimental CO2 uptake within a test period of 2 hr depended on the moisture content. Upon carbonation the leachate pH decreased and amphoteric trace elements tended to be immobilized. In contrast to this, the mobility of oxyanions increased by two orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that for the design of CO2 sequestration strategies experimental investigations of the CO2 uptake are preferable to indirect estimates. When using waste materials for CO2 sequestration, effects on contaminant mobility must be considered since these determine disposal costs. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of the pareidolia test in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hamilton Calum A , Matthews Fiona E , Allan Louise M , Barker Sally , Ciafone Joanna , Donaghy Paul C , Durcan Rory , Firbank Michael J , Lawley Sarah , O'Brien John T , Roberts Gemma , Taylor John‐Paul , Thomas Alan J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research has identified that dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has abnormal pareidolic responses which are associated with severity of visual hallucinations (VH), and the pareidolia test accurately classifies DLB with VH. We aimed to assess whether these findings would also be evident at the earlier stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) in comparison to MCI due to AD (MCI‐AD) and cognitively healthy comparators.MethodsOne‐hundred and thirty‐seven subjects were assessed prospectively in a longitudinal study with a mean follow‐up of 1.2 years (max = 3.7): 63 MCI‐LB (22% with VH) and 40 MCI‐AD according to current research diagnostic criteria, and 34 healthy comparators. The pareidolia test was administered annually as a repeated measure.ResultsProbable MCI‐LB had an estimated pareidolia rate 1.2–6.7 times higher than MCI‐AD. Pareidolia rates were not associated with concurrent VH, but had a weak association with total score on the North East Visual Hallucinations Inventory. The pareidolia test was not an accurate classifier of either MCI‐LB (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.61), or VH (AUC = 0.56). There was poor sensitivity when differentiating MCI‐LB from controls (41%) or MCI‐AD (27%), though specificity was better (91% and 89%, respectively).ConclusionsWhilst pareidolic responses are specifically more frequent in MCI‐LB than MCI‐AD, sensitivity of the pareidolia test is poorer than in DLB, with fewer patients manifesting VH at the earlier MCI stage. However, the high specificity and ease of use may make it useful in specialist clinics where imaging biomarkers are not available.
Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Among Adults With Chronic Liver Diseases: National Estimates From the United States
Authors: Lago‐Hernandez Carlos , Nguyen Nghia H. , Khera Rohan , Loomba Rohit , Asrani Sumeet K. , Singh Siddharth 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) affect approximately 2% of the U.S. population and are associated with substantial burden of hospitalization and costs. We estimated the national burden and consequences of financial hardship from medical bills in individuals with CLD.

Approach and Results
Using the National Health Interview Survey from 2014 to 2018, we identified individuals with self‐reported CLD. We used complex weighted survey analysis to obtain national estimates of financial hardship from medical bills and other financial toxicity measures (eg, cost‐related medication nonadherence, personal and/or health care–related financial distress, food insecurity). We evaluated the association of financial hardship from medical bills with unplanned health care use and work productivity, accounting for differences in age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, income, education, and comorbidities. Of the 3,666 (representing 5.3 million) U.S. adults with CLD, 1,377 (representing 2 million [37%, 95% CI: 35%‐39%]) reported financial hardship from medical bills, including 549 (representing 740,000 [14%, 95% CI: 13%‐16%]) who were unable to pay medical bills at all. Adults who were unable to pay medical bills had 8.4‐times higher odds of cost‐related medication nonadherence (adjusted OR [aOR], 8.39 [95% CI, 5.72‐12.32]), 6.3‐times higher odds of financial distress (aOR, 6.33 [4.44‐9.03]), and 5.6‐times higher odds of food insecurity (aOR, 5.59 [3.74‐8.37]), as compared to patients without financial hardship from medical bills. Patients unable to pay medical bills had 1.9‐times higher odds of emergency department visits (aOR, 1.85 [1.33‐2.57]) and 1.8‐times higher odds of missing work due to disease (aOR, 1.83 [1.26‐2.67]).

Conclusions
One in 3 adults with CLD experience financial hardship from medical bills, and frequently experience financial toxicity and unplanned healthcare use. These financial determinates of health have important implications in the context of value‐based care.
Promoting Confident Body, Confident Child in community child health: A mixed‐methods implementation study
Authors: Norton Lyza , Hart Laura M. , Butel Francoise , Moloney Susan , O’Connor Narelle , Attenborough Vicki , Roberts Shelley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate population‐level implementation of Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC); an evidence‐based program providing parenting strategies to promote healthy eating, physical activity and body satisfaction in children aged 2‐6 years; with community child health nurses (CHNs).MethodsThis study utilised an implementation‐effectiveness hybrid design, with dual focus on assessing: (a) CBCC implementation into Child Health Centres at a regional health service in Queensland, Australia (process evaluation); and (b) CBCC’s effect on CHNs’ knowledge and attitudes (outcomes evaluation). Process (CBCC reach, dose, fidelity) and outcome data (CHN knowledge of child body image; and attitudes towards higher body weights) were collected during implementation, and pre‐ and post‐intervention delivery to CHNs, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐six CHNs (all female; mean age 52.7 ± 9.5 years) participated in the study by attending a 1‐day CBCC training workshop and completing demographic and outcome surveys. Process evaluation found that CBCC was implemented as planned and reached 56% of CHNs across the health service. Outcome evaluation showed small but non‐significant improvements in CHN knowledge (P = .077) and attitudes towards overweight (using Anti‐Fat Attitudes scale; significant improvements on willpower sub‐scale only (P < .05)).DiscussionThis is the first study to evaluate population‐wide CBCC implementation in a real‐world health service setting with CHNs. Findings highlight the potential for using pragmatic, implementation‐focused methodologies to translate preventive eating disorder programs into community child health services.
Empowering leadership and followers' good and bad behaviors: A dual mediation model
Authors: Rai Arpana , Kim Minseo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrawing from social exchange theory and conservation of resources theory, the present study examines the effects of empowering leadership on followers' innovative work behavior (IWB) and organizational deviance through two underlying psychological mechanisms: (a) by developing followers' trust in leader and (b) by lowering followers' emotional exhaustion. The model was tested using a sample of 343 full‐time Indian managerial employees who completed surveys at two time points separated by an approximate 2‐week interval. Results from structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized model, suggesting that empowering leadership elicited greater trust in the leader and lowered emotional exhaustion, both of which made followers engaged in more IWB and less organizational deviance. Together, these findings highlight the importance of both social exchange‐based and resource‐based underlying mechanisms explaining why empowering leadership promotes desirable and reduces undesirable work behaviors of followers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Numerical study of activation energy and thermal radiation effects on Oldroyd‐B nanofluid flow using the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion model over a convectively heated stretching sheet
Authors: Rawat Sawan Kumar , Upreti Himanshu , Kumar Manoj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a theoretical model of a mixed convective Oldroyd‐B nanofluid with thermal radiation and activation energy effects. A thorough analysis is done by employing the nonhomogeneous Buongiorno model in the presence of velocity slip and suction. The surface is porous in nature, and nanoparticle mass flux is maintained passively at the surface. The thermal and concentration equations are modeled with the Cattaneo–Christov theory of heat and mass flux, respectively. Proper transformations are utilized for the conversion of transport equations and boundary conditions. The similarity solution is obtained through a numerical approach by utilizing the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method and shooting technique. The vital outcomes of this study and the influence of controlling parameters on the flow field, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed graphically and in a tabular manner. Furthermore, a detailed discussion is provided to explain the results physically. The velocity of the nanofluid increases when the porosity parameter is increased, and temperature decreases with increasing thermal relaxation parameter. The outcomes elucidate that the suction parameter, thermal radiation parameter, and thermal relaxation parameter are positively correlated with the heat transfer coefficient. The result of passive control of nanoparticles at the surface is that the Brownian motion parameter has no influence on the temperature of the Oldroyd‐B nanofluid flow and rate of heat transfer at the surface.
The Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS critical zone observatory M‐TROPICS dataset I: The Nyong River Basin, Cameroon
Authors: Audry Stéphane , Ateba Bessa Henriette , Bedimo Bedimo Jean‐Pierre , Boeglin Jean‐Loup , Boithias Laurie , Braun Jean‐Jacques , Dupré Bernard , Faucheux Mikael , Lagane Christelle , Maréchal Jean‐Christophe , Ndam‐Ngoupayou Jules Remy , Nka Nnomo Bernadette , Nlozoa Justin , Ntonga Jean‐Claude , Ribolzi Olivier , Riotte Jean , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Ruiz Laurent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSimultaneously acquiring time series of climate, hydrology and hydrochemical data over decades on river systems is pivotal to understand the complex interactions involving rock, soil water, air and biota in the Critical Zone, to build integrated modelling and to propose predictive scenarios. Among the Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) implemented in the past 25 years, only a few are located in the humid Tropics despite the importance of these regions in terms of population density, fast‐changing land use, biodiversity hotspots, biomass stock on continents, size of river systems, etc. Since 1994, weathering and erosion processes and fluxes have been investigated at both local (experimental watershed) and regional scales in the Nyong River Basin (Cameroon) which belongs to the Critical Zone Observatories network named Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS (M‐TROPICS). The data shared by M‐TROPICS in Cameroon are: (1) rainfall; (2) air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and global radiation; (3) stream and river water level; (4) pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration; (5) major ion, alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The dataset already contributed to describe the water partitioning in these tropical humid watersheds, to better understand the factors controlling chemical weathering and physical erosion in tropical ecosystems, particularly the role of organic matter. The dataset also contributed to calculate elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate and to propose denudation rates on tropical cratonic landscapes. Hydrological modelling allowed quantification of the geographical water sources contributing to streamflow. DOC data were used to determine greenhouse‐gas emissions and carbon budgets from African inland waters. However, long‐term solute concentrations at the outlet of a small tributary of the Nyong River exhibit non‐stationary behaviour over the last 26 years. The processes governing those fluctuations are not yet fully understood and might be related to changes in the hydrological regime, land‐cover and land‐use. The latter highlights the need for longer time‐series and continued support for CZOs particularly in the humid tropics.
The role of Escherichia coli FhlA transcriptional activator in generation of proton motive force and FOF1‐ATPase activity at pH 7.5
Authors: Gevorgyan Heghine , Khalatyan Satenik , Vassilian Anait , Trchounian Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEscherichia coli is able to utilize the mixture of carbon sources and produce molecular hydrogen (H2) via formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) complexes. In current work role of transcriptional activator of formate regulon FhlA in generation of fermentation end products and proton motive force, N′N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)‐sensitive ATPase activity at 20 and 72 hr growth during utilization of mixture of glucose, glycerol, and formate were investigated. It was shown that in fhlA mutant specific growth rate was ~1.5 fold lower compared to wt, while addition of DCCD abolished the growth in fhlA but not in wt. Formate was not utilized in fhlA mutant but wt cells simultaneously utilized formate with glucose. Glycerol utilization started earlier (from 2 hr) in fhlA than in wt. The DCCD‐sensitive ATPase activity in wt cells membrane vesicles increased ~2 fold at 72 hr and was decreased 70% in fhlA. Addition of formate in the assays increased proton ATPase activity in wt and mutant strain. FhlA absence mainly affected the ΔpH but not ΔΨ component of Δp in the cells grown at 72 hr but not in 24 hr. The Δp in wt cells decreased from 24 to 72 hr of growth ~40 mV while in fhlA mutant it was stable. Taken together, it is suggested that FhlA regulates the concentration of fermentation end products and via influencing FOF1‐ATPase activity contributes to the proton motive force generation.