bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of larval extracts from identified Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis against benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in rats
Authors: Seo Yun‐Soo , Shin Na‐Rea , Nam Hyeon Hwa , Song Jun‐Ho , Cheol Moon Byeong , Choi Goya , Shin In‐Sik , Kim Joong‐Sun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtaetia brevitarsis seulensis is an animal‐based medicine used traditionally in China, Japan, and Korea to treat hepatic disorders; it has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of P. brevitarsis on a testosterone‐induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rat model. To establish the BPH model, the animals were administered a subcutaneous injection of testosterone daily for 28 days. P. brevitarsis was administered by oral gavage at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 28 days, along with testosterone injection. P. brevitarsis treatment markedly decreased the absolute and relative prostate weight of BPH animals. The levels of dihydrotestosterone was reduced in P. brevitarsis‐treated animals compared to those in the BPH animals. Histological analysis of the prostate showed that P. brevitarsis treatment effectively suppressed the testosterone‐induced hyperplasia of prostatic epithelial cells, which was accompanied by reductions in the PCNA and Ki‐67 expressions in prostatic tissues. These results indicate that P. brevitarsis effectively suppresses testosterone‐induced development of BPH, and thus, is a potential therapeutic agent for BPH.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on postpartum depression among mothers of extreme and early preterm infants
Authors: Vatcheva Tzanka , Mostaert Anne , Van Ingelgem Valérie , Henrion Elisabeth , Legros Ludovic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the resulting isolation measures on the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) after preterm birth.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of mothers of extreme and early preterm infants who completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the standardized 3–6 months follow‐up consultation for preterm infants. Mothers assessed during the COVID‐19 pandemic (n = 34; from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021) were compared with an antecedent control group (n = 108; from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between the pandemic and the risk of PPD (EPDS score ≥13).ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 study group (26% versus 12%, P = 0.043). The multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant association between the COVID‐19 pandemic and the risk of PPD (adjusted odds ratio 3.60, 95% confidence interval 1.06–12.59, P = 0.040).ConclusionAmong mothers of extreme and early preterm infants, the COVID‐19 pandemic was independently associated with a higher risk of PPD. This confirms the need for a close and long‐term follow up of maternal psychological health after preterm birth.
Evaluation of virologic suppression rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic with outpatient interdisciplinary HIV care
Authors: Sorbera Maria , Fischetti Briann , Khaimova Rebecca , Niewinski Mateusz , Wen Kelly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has presented social distancing challenges leading healthcare systems to adapt and utilize telemedicine platforms more than ever before. Reducing patient exposure to COVID‐19 became a primary concern, especially for populations at an increased risk for severe illness, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to measure the impact of pharmacy services including telehealth through the percentage of virologically suppressed patients (HIV ribonucleic acid [RNA] < 200 copies/mL) during the pre‐COVID and post‐COVID time periods. Secondary objectives included the percentage of patients with undetectable viral loads (HIV RNA < 20 copies/mL), percentage of patients with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts greater than 200 cells/mm3, and changes in CD4 cell counts and percentages pre‐COVID and post‐COVID.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review at a single center HIV primary care clinic in Brooklyn, NY evaluating electronic medical records (EMRs) of 211 HIV‐positive patients. Pre‐COVID was defined as 1 year prior to March 13, 2020, and post‐COVID was defined as March 13 to July 20, 2020.ResultsViral load suppression rates for pre and post‐COVID were 88.6% and 85.3%, respectively (P = .28). Undetectable viral load rates for pre and post‐COVID were approximately 81.5% and 74.4% (P = .096). Mean CD4 cell counts and percentages were 617 cells/mm3 and 29% for pre‐COVID, and 460 cells/mm3 and 22% for post‐COVID. CD4 cell counts greater than 200 cells/mm3 pre‐COVID and post‐COVID was 92.6% and 78.3%, respectively (P = .001).ConclusionUtilization of pharmacy services including telehealth, may allow clinical pharmacists to collaboratively provide remote services without jeopardizing patient outcomes. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, and display the long‐term impact and satisfaction of these services.
Reimbursement for clinical services provided by ambulatory care pharmacists via telehealth
Authors: Murray Briana P. , Watson Alexandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionData specific to pharmacists' value in patient‐provided clinical services in New York are limited due to their scope of practice restrictions. However, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there has been an expansion of telehealth and allowance for billable services for pharmacists.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to complete a retrospective review to assess reimbursement of clinical services provided by pharmacists via telehealth during the pandemic in a primary care setting.MethodsA report was generated which identified patients 18 years and older, who were provided services by pharmacists within a primary care group via telehealth during March to July 2020 in New York. It identified patients with an appointment type code of “PharmD Telemed 30” or “PharmD TM Follow UP 15,” including Medicare Annual Wellness Visits or AWVs (G0438‐G0439) with procedural codes, and incident‐to CPT codes (99211‐99214). Information received included medical record number, name, date of birth, carrier plan name, billed procedure code and description, carrier payment amount, and patient responsible amount.ResultsA total of 485 patients were provided services during the timeframe. There were 223 encounters billed for the 99 211 CPT code, 156 of which received payment from insurers with an average of $20.14. For initial and subsequent AWVs there were a total of 48 and 150 encounters, respectively, billed by the pharmacists. Forty‐one of the encounters billed as a G0438 received payment from insurers with an average of $175.75. One hundred thirty‐three of the encounters billed as a G0439 received payment from insurers with an average payment of $114.09.ConclusionThe results of this study provided insight into whether specific services or insurances should be targeted for payment of services. Expansion of these services could show improvement in patient care and can assist in gathering outcomes to better support pharmacists gaining provider status on the state and national level.
(Un)expected monetary policy shocks and term premia
Authors: Kliem Martin , Meyer‐Gohde Alexander 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe term structure of interest rates is crucial for the transmission of monetary policy to financial markets and the macroeconomy. Disentangling the impact of monetary policy on the components of interest rates, expected short rates, and term premia is essential to understanding this channel. To accomplish this, we provide a quantitative structural model with endogenous, time‐varying term premia that are consistent with empirical findings. News about future policy, in contrast to unexpected policy shocks, has quantitatively significant effects on term premia along the entire term structure. This provides a plausible explanation for partly contradictory estimates in the empirical literature.
Insights into the electronic structure and mechanism of norcarane hydroxylation by OxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes: A density functional theory study
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Nakatani Naoki , Hada Masahiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNorcarane hydroxylation by neutral [PorMn(V)O‐L] (L═OH−, F−) and cationic [PorMn(V)O‐L]+ (L═H2O, imidazole) oxoMn(V) porphyrin complex models has been investigated by density functional theory calculations to better understand the reaction mechanism and electronic structure. We found that the energy barriers of norcarane hydroxylation by cationic oxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes are lower than those by neutral oxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes. This indicates that cationic oxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes enhance norcarane hydroxylation compared with neutral oxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes. According to electronic structure analysis, in the C─H activation step, electron transfer occurs through initial interaction between the σCH and rich‐oxygen π(Mn═O) orbitals to form real donor orbitals, followed by transfer to the acceptor π*(Mn═O) orbitals. Moreover, single electron shifts from norcarane (CH) to Mn atom during C─H activation. The positive charge of the cationic complex stabilizes the acceptor orbital more than the donor orbital, reducing the energy gap between these orbitals, thus lowering the reaction barrier.
Influence of the thickness of silica layer on the radiative relaxation of AuNR@SiO2 core–shell nanostructures upon photoexcitation
Authors: Lai Jhih‐Jie , Shih Meng‐Chen , Chu Li‐Kang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSilica‐coated gold nanorods with different silica thicknesses (AuNR@X‐SiO2, X = 20, 35, 50 and 65, denoting the SiO2 thickness in nm on the longitudinal side) were excited with a 7‐ns pulsed 1064‐nm laser. The infrared emissions of AuNR@X‐SiO2, probed with a step‐scan Fourier‐transform interferometer, enveloped the optical phonon modes of the Si‐O‐Si bridge (1250–1000 cm−1) and adsorbed water (1700–1550 cm−1) within silica pores and minute blackbody radiation, indicating the capability of populating the optical phonon energy of capping layers in core‐shelled nanostructures upon photoexcitation. The decay of the emission at 1250–1000 cm−1 was decelerated as the thickness of silica increased. The kinetic analysis on the emission evolutions provided the thermalization properties of SiO2 on a microsecond timescale, including the intrinsic spontaneous radiation and the non‐radiative thermal conduction. The vibrational energy stored in the solid SiO2 and the embedded water might be capable of serving as an energy donor, that is, an optically‐energized catalyst, for vibrationally‐assisted chemical reactions.
Electrocoagulation as a revived wastewater treatment method‐practical approaches: a review
Authors: Magnisali Eirini , Yan Qun , Vayenas Dimitris V 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis review paper aims to demonstrate electrocoagulation (EC) as a revived technology and introduce recent steps of advanced configurations, along with hybrid approaches for the efficient electrochemical treatment of multi‐sourced wastewaters. A brief theoretical background is also provided. Moreover, the practical applications of the process are presented, while no previous research has ever attempted to do so. Through online‐based data research, it was found that there are 75 manufacturers of EC systems internationally. Industrial case studies reveal actual process conditions and economical data. America holds 33% of global EC systems' manufacturing share and it is considered the leader in EC innovative designs with a percentage of almost 59%. In America and Europe, composite schemes are nearly equivalent to EC autonomous systems, with respective percentages of 41% and 47%. The performance of a two‐stage process combining electro‐coagulation (EC) and electro‐oxidation (EO) has been proven to be the most successful combination in industrial wastewater treatment, representing 54% of hybrid systems available globally. Most of the commercialized EC systems are of small‐medium sizes, accounting for 88% of all systems available worldwide. The latest trends on new reactor and electrode configurations are also presented. EC has great potential for further improvement as there is strong academic background to support water treatment companies for industrial scale ups. Cylindrical type reactors tend to dominate due to the ease of their use and maintenance; meanwhile, hybrid systems of EC with EO, membranes and/or adsorption will continue to expand on the market due to the mature level of these technologies and their ease of adaptation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
‘Steep learning curves’ to ‘Smooth Sailing’: A reappraisal of telegenetics amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mueller Rebecca , Schindewolf Erica , Williams Samantha , Jay Kessler Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has pushed medical providers to trial telemedicine on a scale that lacks precedent. In genetic medicine, nearly overnight genetics providers were asked to transition to telemedicine platforms, irrespective of their previous experience with these modalities. This push to telegenetics prompted a reappraisal of the practice, as genetics providers learned firsthand about the feasibility, benefits, and drawbacks of telegenetics and telesupervision, all of which raise questions about the potential incorporation of these platforms beyond the pandemic. Adding to nascent literature on the transition to telegenetics amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, we aimed to evaluate provider experiences and preferences with respect to telegenetics through qualitative semi‐structured interviews with genetics providers. Nineteen providers from seven institutions participated in a semi‐structured interview focused on the rapid shift to telegenetics, the benefits and drawbacks of the practice, experiences supervising students on virtual platforms, and providers’ preferences. We employed a qualitative methodology so that providers working across diverse subspecialties could expand upon previously reported benefits and drawbacks. Qualitative data revealed the nuanced benefits of telegenetics which included overcoming geographic, spatial, and temporal barriers to care as well as greater involvement of patients’ family members in sessions. In addition, the data indicated drawbacks related to additional tasks such as completing paperwork electronically and facilitating the collection of specimens from patients’ homes. Interviews with providers from different subspecialties revealed how telegenetics may be uniquely useful for particular subspecialties, patient populations, or clinics for whom the aforementioned barriers are more significant. Providers reported that telesupervision made the provision of feedback to students more cumbersome and identified a number of methods for enriching the telesupervision experience. In keeping with previous research, most genetics providers appraised telegenetics as a valuable addition to patient care (68%, N = 13) and hoped to offer it as an option beyond the pandemic (63%, N = 12).
The natural history of low‐grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and risk factors for progression
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Sehgal Vinay , Sami Sarmed , Bassett Paul , Sweis Rami , Graham David , Telese Andrea , Morris Danielle , Rodriguez‐Justo Manuel , Jansen Marnix , Novelli Marco , Banks Matthew , Lovat Laurence B , Haidry Rehan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBarrett's esophagus is associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The optimal management of low‐grade dysplasia arising in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial. We performed a retrospective study from a tertiary referral center for Barrett's esophagus neoplasia, to estimate time to progression to high‐grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with confirmed low‐grade dysplasia compared with those with downstaged low‐grade dysplasia from index presentation and referral. We analyzed risk factors for progression.MethodsWe analyzed consecutive patients with low‐grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus referred to a single tertiary center (July 2006–October 2018). Biopsies were reviewed by at least two expert pathologists.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐seven patients referred with suspected low‐grade dysplasia were included. Forty‐two of 133 (32%) of all external referrals had confirmed low‐grade dysplasia after expert histopathology review. Multivariable analysis showed nodularity at index endoscopy (P < 0.05), location of dysplasia (P = 0.05), and endoscopic therapy after referral (P = 0.09) were associated with progression risk. At 5 years, 59% of patients with confirmed low‐grade dysplasia had not progressed versus 74% of patients in the cohort downstaged to non‐dysplastic Barrett's esophagus.ConclusionOur data show variability in the diagnosis of low‐grade dysplasia. The cumulative incidence of progression and time to progression varied across subgroups. Confirmed low‐grade dysplasia had a shorter progression time compared with the downstaged group. Nodularity at index endoscopy and multifocal low‐grade dysplasia were significant risk factors for progression. It is important to differentiate these high‐risk subgroups so that decisions on surveillance/endotherapy can be personalized.
Cup quality profiles of Robusta coffee wilt disease resistant varieties grown in three agro‐ecologies in Uganda
Authors: Mulindwa Joseph , Kaaya Archileo N , Muganga Lawrence , Paga Moses , Musoli Pascal , Sseremba Godfrey , Wagoire William W , Bitalo Daphne N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe recently developed Robusta coffee wilt disease resistant (CWD‐r) varieties in Uganda outperform the local landraces, both in yield and resilience. However, their uptake has been slow due to limited information on their cup worth. This study profiled the cup worth of the five most commonly grown CWD‐r across the Lake Victoria Crescent, Western Mid‐altitude farmland and Central Wooded Savannah agro‐ecologies.RESULTSSignificant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between soil nutrients and coffee bean size but this was not the case for biochemical and cup quality. The proportion of coffee beans retained on screen 15; minimum acceptable size through coffee commercial markets, ranged from 58.09% in Mukono to 92.49% in Mityana. Interestingly, the bean size of variety KR4 was hardly influenced by environmental variations, with portions of beans retained on screen 15 being relatively the same (80.30% Ibanda, 89.50% Mukono, 98.20% Mityana). Coffee cup quality for most of the varieties was scored as premium (70–79%) across three agro‐ecologies, with the exception of KR4, which was scored specialty grade (≥80%). Coffee blends generated were used to make coffee products with specialty score (82.25%) and a distinctive aroma complex.CONCLUSIONIn this study, blends of CWD‐r resulted in superior cup scores (76–82%). These findings show that CWD‐r varieties have a high cup worth with potential for wide adaptation in Uganda's Robusta coffee growing agro‐ecologies. Most importantly, variety KR4 has resilience across three agro‐ecologies with a consistent high bean size and superior cup quality, making it a candidate variety for the market and breeding. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilization of protein isolates from rohu (Labeo rohita) processing waste through incorporation into fish sausages; quality evaluation of the resultant paste and end product
Authors: Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Raju CV , Sofi Faisal R , Shafiq Uzair 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish processing waste could be valorized by recuperating the nutrients for human consumption. Employing a suitable process would address the pollution problems associated with its dumping and would contribute to food security. In this study, protein isolates obtained from rohu (Labeo rohita) processing waste through the pH shift process (pH 13.0) were valorized through incorporation into pangasius (Pangasius pangasius) mince sausages (0.0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 g kg−1). These sausages were analyzed for their proximate composition, and their physical and eating quality.RESULTSIncreasing the isolate content (11.57% to 16.14%) in sausages increased their protein content and whiteness values (P < 0.05). At 250 g kg−1 level, the cooking yield was maximum, and the expressible fluid content of paste was minimum. Moreover, adding rohu protein isolates in pangasius mince increased the expressible moisture and decreased its folding and gel strength values (P < 0.05). The gel strength values were highest for the sausages without isolates (2648.67 g cm). In contrast, in the sausages containing 250, 100, and 500 g kg−1 isolate, the values were determined to be 847.88, 731.21, and 611.06 g cm, respectively. Replacing pangasius mince with rohu protein isolates had a non‐significant effect on the sensory attributes of the sausages.CONCLUSIONReplacing pangasius mince with rohu protein isolates at 250 g kg−1 resulted in superior quality sausages compared with other levels tested. Incorporating rohu protein isolates in fish sausages improved the nutritional value without significantly reducing their eating quality. The findings of this study indicate promising potential for developing nutrient‐rich foods using fish protein isolates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Supercritical fluid extraction–supercritical fluid chromatography of saliva: Single‐quadrupole mass spectrometry monitoring of caffeine for gastric emptying studies†
Authors: Hofstetter Robert K. , Schulig Lukas , Bethmann Jonas , Grimm Michael , Sager Maximilian , Aude Philipp , Keßler Rebecca , Kim Simon , Weitschies Werner , Link Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSaliva is an attractive sampling matrix for measuring various endogenous and exogeneous substances but requires sample treatment prior to chromatographic analysis. Exploiting supercritical CO2 for both extraction and chromatography simplifies sample preparation, reduces organic solvent consumption, and minimizes exposure to potentially infectious samples, but has not yet been applied to oral fluid. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of online supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography and single‐quadrupole mass spectrometry for monitoring the model salivary tracer caffeine. A comparison of 13C‐ and 32S‐labeled internal standards with external standard calibration confirmed the superiority of stable isotope‐labeled caffeine over nonanalogous internal standards. As proof of concept, the validated method was applied to saliva from a magnetic resonance imaging study of gastric emptying. After administration of 35 mg caffeine via ice capsule, salivary levels correlated with magnetic resonance imaging data, corroborating caffeine's usefulness as tracer of gastric emptying (R2 = 0.945). In contrast to off‐line methods, online quantification required only minute amounts of organic solvents and a single manual operation prior to online bioanalysis of saliva, thus demonstrating the usefulness of CO2‐based extraction and separation techniques for potentially infective biomatrices.