bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twitter Followers of Canadian Political and Health Authorities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Are Their Activity and Interests?
Authors: Haman Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractI examined the use of Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic to find out how many Twitter users started to follow relevant Canadian political and health authorities, and I investigated their activity and interests. To this end, I analyzed 398,037 Twitter accounts. The results reveal that the Twitter accounts of relevant authorities gained a significant number of new Twitter followers during the pandemic. The Twitter users who joined during the pandemic were rather passive; they tweeted and liked fewer tweets than Twitter users who registered in the months prior to the pandemic. They also chose to follow Twitter accounts predominantly related to news, politics and governmental agencies. These findings suggest that during the pandemic, numerous information-seeking citizens joined Twitter for the purpose of obtaining information about public health matters, which in turn suggests that authorities should incorporate Twitter into their information dissemination tools, especially during emergencies, to meet the public demand for information.
Age-Related Effects on Interoceptive Accuracy, General Interoceptive	Sensibility, and Specific Interoceptive Sensibility
Authors: Nusser L. , Pollatos O. , Zimprich D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Background: The current research into interoception distinguishes between interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), the accurate detection of internal sensations (e.g., heartbeats) as measured by performance on objective IAcc tasks, and interoceptive sensibility (IS), the subjective belief concerning one’s own experience of internal sensations as measured either through self-report questionnaires or through one’s confidence in the accuracy during an IAcc task. Aims: As the two measures of IS, however, are usually uncorrelated and show differential relationships to IAcc, we suggest different types of IS, a general IS and a specific IS. Further, based on a growing body of research linking IAcc and IS to physical and mental diseases, the development of interoception across the adult lifespan is of importance. Methods: Using Structural Equation Modeling the present paper investigates the relationships among IAcc assessed by a heartbeat counting task, and the two proposed dimensions of IS in 138 participants ( Mage = 42.67, SDage = 18.77). Furthermore, we examine age-related differences in IAcc, as well as in general and specific IS. Results: In terms of the relationship between the three dimensions, general and specific IS were weakly correlated and exhibited different relationships to IAcc. Further, we found different age effects on the three interoceptive dimensions. Whereas IAcc decreased with age, specific IS tend to increase with age, and general IS remained unaffected by age. Conclusion: The findings provide further empirical support for a dissociation between general and specific IS and raised important questions concerning the relation between interoceptive accuracy and the emergence of physical diseases in older age.
Continuous monitoring of neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio for estimating the onset, severity, and subsequent prognosis of immune related adverse events
Authors: Matsukane Ryosuke , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Minami Haruna , Hata Kojiro , Suetsugu Kimitaka , Tsuji Toshikazu , Masuda Satohiro , Okamoto Isamu , Nakagawa Takashi , Ito Takamichi , Eto Masatoshi , Mori Masaki , Nakanishi Yoichi , Egashira Nobuaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a central role in various cancers. ICIs can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As severe irAEs can be life-threatening, biomarkers for estimating irAE onset are crucial. The neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) reflects the systemic immune condition and known as a prognostic marker in ICI treatment. Our study evaluated if the NLR corresponded with irAEs, and its feasibility as a biomarker for irAE onset. We retrospectively analyzed 275 cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. We observed 166 irAEs in 121 patients. The NLR was significantly elevated during irAEs. Patients experiencing interstitial pneumonitis showed NLR elevation 4 weeks before initial symptoms and diagnosis. Analyzing receiver operating characteristics curves revealed that elevated NLR distinguished subsequent pneumonitis severity with high accuracy (AUC 0.93, sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 88.2%, cut-off 2.37, p = 0.0004). After a severe irAE occurred, two NLR trends were observed. Patients who showed a prompt reduction in elevated NLRs had favorable progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.10–1.01, p = 0.0140) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.86, p = 0.0057) compared to the patients who maintained elevated NLRs. These findings suggest that continuous monitoring of NLR trends may predict irAE onset and severity and subsequent prognosis.
Role of prenatal imaging in the diagnosis and management of fetal facio-cervical masses
Authors: Zheng Weizeng , Gai Shuangshuang , Qin Jiale , Qiu Fei , Li Baohua , Zou Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCongenital facio-cervical masses can be a developmental anomaly of cystic, solid, or vascular origin, and have an inseparable relationship with adverse prognosis. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed at determining on the prenatal diagnosis of congenital facio-cervical masses, its management and outcome in a large tertiary referral center. We collected information on prenatal clinical data, pregnancy outcomes, survival information, and final diagnosis. Out of 130 cases of facio-cervical masses, a total of 119 cases of lymphatic malformations (LMs), 2 cases of teratoma, 2 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst, 4 cases of hemangioma, 1 case of congenital epulis, and 2 cases of dermoid cyst were reviewed. The accuracy of prenatal ultrasound was 93.85% (122/130). Observations of diameters using prenatal ultrasound revealed that the bigger the initial diameter is, the bigger the relative change during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that 2 cases of masses were associated with airway compression. In conclusion, ultrasound has a high overall diagnostic accuracy of fetal face and neck deformities. Prenatal US can enhance the management of ambulatory monitoring and classification. Furthermore, MRI provided a detailed assessment of fetal congenital malformations, as well as visualization of the trachea, presenting a multi-dimensional anatomical relationship.
A prognostic score for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure treated with plasma exchange-centered artificial liver support system
Authors: Du Lingyao , Ma Yuanji , Zhou Shaoqun , Chen Fang , Xu Yan , Wang Ming , Lei Xuezhong , Feng Ping , Tang Hong , Bai Lang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArtificial liver support system (ALSS) therapy is widely used in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). We aimed to develop a predictive score to identify the subgroups who may benefit from plasma exchange (PE)-centered ALSS therapy. A total of 601 patients were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a derivation cohort of 303 patients and a validation cohort of 298 patients for logistic regression analysis, respectively. Five baseline variables, including liver cirrhosis, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, infection and hepatic encephalopathy, were found independently associated with 3-month mortality. A predictive PALS model and the simplified PALS score were developed. The predicative value of PALS score (AUROC = 0.818) to 3-month prognosis was as capable as PALS model (AUROC = 0.839), R score (AUROC = 0.824) and Yue-Meng’ score (AUROC = 0.810) (all p > 0.05), and superior to CART model (AUROC = 0.760) and MELD score (AUROC = 0.765) (all p < 0.05). The PALS score had significant linear correlation with 3-month mortality (R2 = 0.970, p = 0.000). PALS score of 0–2 had both sensitivity and negative predictive value of > 90% for 3-month mortality, while PALS score of 6–9 had both specificity and positive predictive value of > 90%. Patients with PALS score of 3–5 who received 3–5 sessions of ALSS therapy had much lower 3-month mortality than those who received 1–2 sessions (32.8% vs. 59.2%, p < 0.05). The more severe patients with PALS score of 6–9 could still benefit from ≥ 6 sessions of ALSS therapy compared to ≤ 2 sessions (63.6% vs. 97.0%, p < 0.05). The PALS score could predict prognosis reliably and conveniently. It could identify the subgroups who could benefit from PE-centered ALSS therapy, and suggest the reasonable sessions.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000032055. Registered 19th April 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52471.
Trend analysis and forecast of daily reported incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hubei, China by Prophet model
Authors: Xie Cong , Wen Haoyu , Yang Wenwen , Cai Jing , Zhang Peng , Wu Ran , Li Mingyan , Huang Shuqiong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is common among children below 5 years. HFMD has a high incidence in Hubei Province, China. In this study, the Prophet model was used to forecast the incidence of HFMD in comparison with the autoregressive-integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, and HFMD incidence was decomposed into trends, yearly, weekly seasonality and holiday effect. The Prophet model fitted better than the ARIMA model in daily reported incidence of HFMD. The HFMD incidence forecast by the Prophet model showed that two peaks occurred in 2019, with the higher peak in May and the lower peak in December. Periodically changing patterns of HFMD incidence were observed after decomposing the time-series into its major components. In specific, multi-year variability of HFMD incidence was found, and the slow-down increasing point of HFMD incidence was identified. Relatively high HFMD incidences appeared in May and on Mondays. The effect of Spring Festival on HFMD incidence was much stronger than that of other holidays. This study showed the potential of the Prophet model to detect seasonality in HFMD incidence. Our next goal is to incorporate climate variables into the Prophet model to produce an accurate forecast of HFMD incidence.
Computational analysis of Cyclin D1 gene SNPs and association with breast cancer
Authors: Aftab Ayesha , Khan Ranjha , Shah Wasim , Azhar Muhammad , Unar Ahsanullah , Jafar Hussain Hafiz Muhammad , Waqas Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCCND1 encodes for Cyclin D1 protein and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate its activity. In the present study, the impact of CCND1 SNPs on structure and/or function of Cyclin D1 protein using in silico tools was investigated. Our analysis revealed only one splice site SNP (c.1988+5G&lt;A) can effect CCND1 function. Subsequently, 78 out of 169 missense variants were predicted as pathogenic by Polyphen2, SIFT, PROVEAN, SNPs&GO, and PANTHER, and 4/78 missense SNPs were further evaluated because these four SNPs were found to be reside in highly conserved region of Cyclin D1. However, they did not show any major impact on tertiary structure and domain of Cyclin D1 but overall R15S and A190S has displayed a significant diseased phenotype and an altered molecular mechanism predicted by MutPred, FATHMM, SNPeffect, SNAP2, and PredictSNP. Consistently, A190S, R179L, and R15S may also cause a decrease in stability of Cyclin D1 anticipated by I-Mutant, HOPE and SNP effect. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier plotter has explained that high expression of CCND1 is associated with less survival rate of breast cancer patients. Altogether our study suggests that c.1988+5G&lt;A, R15S, R179L, and A190S SNPs could directly or indirectly destabilize Cyclin D1.
Relative Clause Sentence Processing in Korean-Speaking School-Aged Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Yoo Jeewon , Yim Dongsun 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The goal of this study was to examine online and off-line sentence processing using Korean language relative clause sentences between children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical development (TD).

Method
Twenty-four children with TD and 19 children with SLI participated in this study. Children completed online and off-line sentence-processing tasks using relative clause sentences. The response time (RT) data obtained from the online processing task were analyzed at each word position and between adjacent words for items answered both correctly and incorrectly on the off-line comprehension task. A linear mixed-effects model and a generalized linear mixed-effects model were used to analyze the performances on the online/off-line sentence-processing task between the two groups.

Results
The results revealed that the processing pattern of RTs on the online processing task differed between the two groups, such that the SLI group did not show the predicted RT increase while the TD group did. Also, the SLI group processed each word with comparable or faster reading rates than the TD group. On the off-line comprehension task, the SLI group performed poorly compared to the TD group.

Conclusions
Processing of syntactically complex sentences differed between the TD and SLI groups, such that the SLI group had lower accuracy on the off-line comprehension task and was less efficient on the online processing task as compared to the TD group. These results mainly support the syntactic deficit account in children with SLI.
Stellar wind structures in the eclipsing binary system IGR J18027–2016
Authors: Fogantini Federico A. , García Federico , Combi Jorge A. , Chaty Sylvain 
Published: January 2021

Context. IGR J18027–2016 is an obscured high-mass X-ray binary formed by a neutron star accreting from the wind of a supergiant companion with a ∼4.57 d orbital period. The source shows an asymmetric eclipse profile that remained stable across several years.
Aims. We aim to investigate the geometrical and physical properties of stellar wind structures formed by the interaction between the compact object and the supergiant star.
Methods. In this work we analysed the temporal and spectral evolution of this source along its orbit using six archival XMM-Newton observations and the accumulated Swift/BAT hard X-ray light curve.
Results. The XMM-Newton light curves show that the source hardens during the ingress and egress of the eclipse, in accordance with the asymmetric profile seen in Swift/BAT data. A reduced pulse modulation is observed on the ingress to the eclipse. We modelled XMM-Newton spectra by means of a thermally Comptonized continuum (NTHCOMP), adding two Gaussian emission lines corresponding to Fe Kα and Fe Kβ. We included two absorption components to account for the interstellar and intrinsic media. We found that the local absorption column outside the eclipse fluctuates uniformly around ∼6 × 1022 cm−2, whereas when the source enters and leaves the eclipse the column increases by a factor of ≳3, reaching values up to ∼35 and ∼15 × 1022 cm−2, respectively.
Conclusions. Combining the physical properties derived from the spectral analysis, we propose a scenario in which, primarily, a photo-ionisation wake and, secondarily, an accretion wake are responsible for the orbital evolution of the absorption column, continuum emission, and variability seen at the Fe-line complex.
42.16.4 Phosphoric Acid and Derivatives (Update 2021)
Authors: Kashemirov B. A. , Błażewska K. , Justyna K. , Lyu J. , McKenna C. E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe methods presented in this update are mainly based on those reported since the original Science of Synthesis chapter on this topic (Section 42.16), which was published in 2009. The phosphoric acid derivatives covered include P=O compounds (e.g., phosphates, S-alkyl phosphorothioates, diphosphates, and triphosphates) and P=S compounds (O-alkyl phosphorothioates, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds, particularly nucleotides, oligonucleotides, phosphorylated sugars, and lipids.
Managerial behavior in fund tournaments—the impact of TrueSkill
Authors: Swade Alexander , Köchling Gerrit , Posch Peter N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeasuring mutual fund managers’ skills by Microsoft’s TrueSkill algorithm, we find highly skilled managers to behave self-confident resulting in higher risk-taking in the second half of the year compared to less skilled managers. Introducing the TrueSkill algorithm, which is widely used in the e-sports community, to this branch of literature, we can replicate previous findings and theories suggesting overconfidence for mid-years winners.
On explosive boiling of a multicomponent Leidenfrost drop
Authors: Lyu Sijia , Tan Huanshu , Wakata Yuki , Yang Xianjun , Law Chung K. , Lohse Detlef , Sun Chao 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Heating, vaporization, and mixing of fuel droplets through spraying is an integral process in thermal energy production. Staged atomization through self-induced droplet secondary microexplosion, attainable for multicomponent fuel mixtures with optimized volatility and miscibility properties, offers potential for improved atomization characteristics. This work comprehensively investigates the boiling process of a ternary drop, which initially is in the Leidenfrost state over a superheated surface, from the initial emergence of a second phase through self-encapsulation and, finally, microexplosion of the drop. The work exemplifies the richness of phenomena which can occur in multicomponent drop systems with phase transition.
Perpetuating ableist constructions of the “real world” through complaints about new communication
technologies
Authors: Parks Elizabeth S. , Robles Jessica S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Complaints about the use of new communication technologies are frequent in public discourse and work within a
broader assemblage of discourses that promote selective ideologies. What is it that people are doing when they produce these
complaints, and how might acts of complaining promote equity in our daily lives? We analyse complaints taken from 16 hours of
video recorded dialogues and argue that the complaint discourse about the relationship of new communication technologies to
people’s expected embodied functioning and idealized social participation reconstitutes and perpetuates broader ableist discourses
about preferred engagement in the “real world.” By identifying intertextuality between two different topical discourses, we expand
understanding about the reification of cross-cutting ableist discourses and promote more inclusive language use.
Improved metabolic fitness, but no cardiovascular health effects, of a low‐frequency short‐term combined exercise programme in 50–70‐year‐olds with low fitness: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nielsen Tina‐Thea , Møller Trine K. , Olesen Niels D. , Zebis Mette K. , Ritz Christian , Nordsborg Nikolai , Hansen Peter R. , Krustrup Peter 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a 15‐week combined exercise programme, implemented in sports clubs, for 50–70‐year‐olds with low aerobic fitness. In a randomized controlled trial, 45 participants (26 women) with low fitness were randomly assigned (2:1‐ratio) to a training group (TG, n = 30) or inactive control group (CG, n = 15). TG had 15 weeks with one weekly 90‐min supervised group‐based session in a recreational sports club with combined aerobic exercise and strength training and were encouraged to perform home‐based training 30 min/wk. Evaluations of relative VO2max (mLO2/min/kg), blood pressure, resting heart rate (HR), echocardiography, peripheral arterial tonometry, body composition, lipid profile and HbA1c were performed at 0 and 15 wks. Average HR during supervised training was 113 ± 13 bpm (68.6 ± 7.0%HRmax), with 4.3 ± 6.6% spent >90%HRmax. At 15‐wk follow‐up, intention‐to‐treat analyses revealed no between‐group difference for VO2max/kg (0.4 mLO2/min/kg, 95%CI −0.8–1.5, P = 0.519; −3 mL/min, 95%CI −123–118, P = 0.966) or other cardiovascular outcomes (all P > 0.05). Compared to CG, total fat mass (−1.9 kg; 95%CI −3.2 to −0.5, P = 0.005), total fat percentage (−1.3%, 95%CI −2.2 to −0.3, P = 0.01) and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 0.032) decreased in TG. Regular adherence to supervised training was high (81%), but 0% for home‐based exercise. In conclusion, the group‐based supervised training was associated with high adherence and moderate exercise intensity, whereas insufficiently supported home‐based training was not feasible. Together, 15 wks of combined exercise training did not improve aerobic fitness or affected cardiovascular function in 50–70‐yr‐olds with low aerobic fitness, whereas some positive effects were observed in metabolic parameters.Highlights
Combined exercise training implemented in a sports club elicited moderate aerobic intensity in 50‐70‐year‐old untrained individuals.
Supervised group‐based training had high adherence whereas unsupported home‐based training had very low adherence.
15 weeks of low‐frequency combined moderate intensity exercise training improved lipid profile and fat mass, but had no effect on cardiovascular fitness.
Assessing the feasibility of public engagement in a smartphone app to improve well-being through nature connection (Evaluación de la factibilidad de la implicación ciudadana mediante una app de teléfonos inteligentes para mejorar el bienestar a través de la conexión con la naturaleza)
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Richardson Miles , Sheffield David , Ferguson Fiona J. , Brindley Paul 
Published: January 2021

Aside from practical interventions such as providing green infrastructure to improve air quality or water contamination and reduce flooding, well-being interventions to increase engagement with the natural environment are one of the fastest growing ways of improving human and environmental health. This feasibility study assessed a novel smartphone app for well-being intervention. Over 30 days the app prompted adults, including those seeking help for a common mental health problem, to notice the good things about urban green or built spaces (control condition). Self-referral was successful with 885 people downloading the app, 435 supplying baseline data and 50 supplying post-intervention data. However, the low number of observations ( M = 6 per participant) indicates that 30 days is too long to remain engaged. There were significant improvements in well-being and nature connection, but no difference between green and built space conditions. Limitations, future recommendations regarding improving engagement and marketing to lower socio-economic status groups are discussed.
Relativistic mechanics and thermodynamics: II. A linear translation Hamiltonian–Lagrangian formalism
Authors: Güémez J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A relativistic Hamiltonian–Lagrangian formalism for a composite system submitted to conservative and non-conservative forces is developed. A block descending an incline with a frictional force, mechanical energy dissipation process, is described, obtaining an Euler–Lagrange equation including a Rayleigh’s dissipation function. A cannonball rising on an incline, process evolving with mechanical energy production, is described by an Euler–Lagrange equation including a Gibbs’ production function, with a chemical origin force. A matrix four-vector mechanical equation, considering processes’ mechanical and phenomenological aspects, is postulated. This relativistic Hamiltonian–Lagrangian four-vector formalism complements the Einstein–Minkowski–Lorentz four-vector fundamental equation formalism. By considering a process’ mechanical and thermodynamic description, temporal evolution equations, relating process’ Hamiltonian (mechanical energy) evolution and the involved thermodynamic potentials (entropy of the universe, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free enthalpy) variations, are obtained.