bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic electrical resistivity tomography with ensemble smoother and deep convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Stucchi Eusebio , Hojat Azadeh 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTTo reduce both the computational cost of probabilistic inversions and the ill‐posedness of geophysical problems, model and data spaces can be reparameterized into low‐dimensional domains where the inverse solution can be computed more efficiently. Among the many compression methods, deep learning algorithms based on deep generative models provide an efficient approach for model and data space reduction. We present a probabilistic electrical resistivity tomography inversion in which the data and model spaces are compressed through deep convolutional variational autoencoders, while the optimization procedure is driven by the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation, an iterative ensemble‐based algorithm. This method iteratively updates an initial ensemble of models that are generated according to a previously defined prior model. The inversion outcome consists of the most likely solution and a set of realizations of the variables of interest from which the posterior uncertainties can be numerically evaluated. We test the method on synthetic data computed over a schematic subsurface model, and then we apply the inversion to field measurements. The model predictions and the uncertainty assessments provided by the presented approach are also compared with the results of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling working in the compressed domains, a gradient‐based algorithm and with the outcomes of an ensemble‐based inversion running in the uncompressed spaces. A finite‐element code constitutes the forward operator. Our experiments show that the implemented inversion provides most likely solutions and uncertainty quantifications comparable to those yielded by the ensemble‐based inversion running in the full model and data spaces, and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, but with a significant reduction of the computational cost.
Survival of pediatric patients requiring admission in the intensive care unit post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Prognostic factors associated with mortality
Authors: Zaidman Irina , Mohamad Hadhud , Shalom Lidor , Ben Arush Myriam , Even‐Or Ehud , Averbuch Dina , Zilkha Amir , Braun Jacques , Mandel Asaf , Kleid David , Attias Ori , Ben‐Ari Josef , Brooks Rebecca , Gefen Aharon , Stepensky Polina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for some children with malignant and nonmalignant disorders, the procedure itself carries a high risk of complications. A proportion of children undergoing HSCT develop severe transplant‐related complications requiring hospitalization in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsA retrospective cohort study included 793 children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases that underwent 963 HSCTs in two large pediatric hospitals over 15 years. Ninety‐one patients needed 105 (11%) PICU admissions. The objective of the study was to analyze the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children post HSCT who were admitted to the PICU.ResultsSurvival rate of a single PICU hospitalization was 43%. Long‐term survival rate (classified as 1 year and 3 years) was 29.1% and 14.9% among PICU hospitalized patients compared with 74.6% and 53.3% among patients who had undergone HSCT and did not require PICU hospitalization. Factors found to have a significant negative association with PICU survival were respiratory failure as indication for PICU admission, neutropenia, graft‐versus‐host disease, mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, need for dialysis, and multiple‐organ failure (MOF) with more than one systemic intensive intervention. The strongest prognostic factors associated with mortality were MOF (p < .001) and the need for inotropic support (p = .004).ConclusionsNeutropenia was found to be negatively associated with survival, suggesting non‐engraftment and late engraftment are important risk factors for HSCT patients hospitalized in PICU. MOF and inotropic support were found to be the main negatively associated predictive factors with survival.
Social climate in university classrooms: A mindfulness‐based educational intervention
Authors: Amutio Alberto , Telletxea Saioa , Mateos‐Pérez Estibaliz , Padoan Sonia , Basabe Nekane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is a limited number of studies on the impact of mindfulness‐based interventions on university students and their positive effect on collective experiences of shared flow. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness training in terms of reducing stress and enhancing well‐being, experiences of shared flow and classroom climate (engagement and affiliation). The intervention and control groups were matched by age and sex (n = 125; M = 20.71, SD = 4.60, 68% women). The intervention group comprised mindfulness exercises performed in the classroom over the course of 7 weeks. The principal variables were measured at pretest and posttest, and shared flow was also measured in the intervention group. In comparison with the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in the intervention group in relation to mindfulness, perceived stress, and classroom climate (affiliation). Furthermore, the perception of shared flow among students increased from the beginning to the end of the program. Mindfulness skills were found to mediate improvements in perceived well‐being and stress. It is concluded that mindfulness practice can turn learning into a challenging and shared task. The study highlights the importance of fostering programs that enhance the development of competencies related to mindfulness among university students.
Synthesis and characterization of sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose from cotton, powder, microcrystalline and nanocellulose
Authors: Abdullaevich Yuldoshov Sherzod , Ergashovich Yunusov Khaydar , Abdukhalilovich Sarymsakov Abdushkur , Shavkat o'g'li Goyipnazarov Ilhom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCotton cellulose, powder cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and nanocellulose were carboxymethylated with monochloroacetic acid by the suspension method in an ethyl alcohol medium. The effects of reaction conditions such as cellulose materials, sodium hydroxide concentration, molar NaOH/anhydroglucose unit ratio, monochloroacetic acid consumption, reaction temperature and etherification time on product quality, especially the degree of substitution, degree of polymerization and water solubility of sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose, were studied. By controlling these parameters, completely water‐soluble sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose samples with a high degree of substitution within 0.75, 1.47, 0.88, and 1.23 were obtained from cotton cellulose, powder cellulose, microcrystalline and nanocellulose. The boundaries of complete solubility of the obtained sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose were at low degrees of substitution (0.6, 0.44, 0.43, 0.33) and degrees of polymerization (880, 490, 240, 150) obtained from cotton cellulose, powder cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and nanocellulose, respectively.
Assessment of role strain among family caregivers of adult patients with cancer at a national referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Muriuki Morris Murithi , Oluchina Sherry , Mbithi Bernard Wambua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, cancer incidence is on the increase and cancer care is complex, psychologically, physically and financially draining. Family caregivers of patients with cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries not only face enormous challenges in having their patients access comprehensive cancer treatment services but also the critical and complex roles that they play greatly predispose them to role strain. Role strain is multifaceted and encompasses physical, psycho‐social and financial strain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of role strain among the family caregivers of patients with cancer and ensure appropriate referral to care and support services.MethodologyThe study adopted cross‐sectional design involving 255 systematically sampled family caregivers of adult patients attending Kenyatta National Hospital outpatient cancer treatment clinic. Quantitative data from Modified Caregiver Strain Index tool and questionnaire was analysed by deriving descriptive statistics and data was presented by use of tables and figures. SPSS software version 25 was utilized in data analysis.ResultsFrom the study findings, the family caregivers who had mild, moderate and severe role strain were 25.9%, 44.3% and 29.8%, respectively.ConclusionRole strain was prevalent among family caregivers and this, therefore, calls for healthcare practitioners to assess all family caregivers of adult patients with cancer for role strain and appropriately refer those experiencing moderate to severe strain for psychological counselling, social and financial support.
Completing the family of human Eps15 homology domains: Solution structure of the internal Eps15 homology domain of γ‐synergin
Authors: Kovermann Michael , Weininger Ulrich , Löw Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEps15 homology (EH) domains are universal interaction domains to establish networks of protein–protein interactions in the cell. These networks mainly coordinate cellular functions including endocytosis, actin remodeling, and other intracellular signaling pathways. They are well characterized in structural terms, except for the internal EH domain from human γ‐synergin (EHγ). Here, we complete the family of EH domain structures by determining the solution structure of the EHγ domain. The structural ensemble follows the canonical EH domain fold and the identified binding site is similar to other known EH domains. But EHγ differs significantly in the N‐ and C‐terminal regions. The N‐terminal α‐helix is shortened compared to known homologues, while the C‐terminal one is fully formed. A significant proportion of the remaining N‐ and C‐terminal regions are well structured, a feature not seen in other EH domains. Single mutations in both the N‐terminal and the C‐terminal structured extensions lead to the loss of the distinct three‐dimensional fold and turn EHγ into a molten globule like state. Therefore, we propose that the structural extensions in EHγ function as a clamp and are undoubtedly required to maintain its tertiary fold.
Analysis of lymph nodes metastasis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography imaging
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Zhang Shuguang , Xu Jin , Zhai Limin , Li Baosheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency, distribution, and potential factors of lymphatic metastasis at each nodal level, and stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on computed tomography.MethodsContrast‐enhanced computed tomography images of 176 patients with pathologically confirmed hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma without any cancer‐related therapeutic history were analyzed retrospectively. The lymphatic metastasis ratio at each nodal level was determined. Potential factors that correlated with lymph node metastasis were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMetastatic lymph nodes were found in 145 (82.4%) of 176 patients. The lymphatic metastasis ratio was 0.6% (Ia), 4.0% (Ib), 67.6% (IIa), 43.8% (IIb), 45.5% (III), 13.1% (IV), 5.1% (Va), 1.7% (Vb), 1.7% (VIa), 12.5% (VIb), and 15.9% (VII) for each nodal level in the ipsilateral neck. In contrast, a lower lymphatic metastasis ratio was observed in the contralateral neck, with the highest measuring 18.2% at level IIa. Esophageal invasion was highly correlated with an increased risk of developing level VIb metastasis (P = 0.019). Furthermore, posterior pharyngeal wall invasion was highly correlated with an increased risk of level VII metastasis (P = 0.014).ConclusionIn general, nodal levels IIa, III, and IIb were highly susceptible to metastasis in the ipsilateral neck. Nodal levels IV, VIb, and VII in the ipsilateral neck, and IIa in the contralateral neck showed a moderate risk of metastasis. Levels I and V were considered low risk. The anatomical characteristics and infiltration of tumors in different subsites should also be considered in the delineation of the clinical target volume.
Portability analysis of data mining models for fog events forecasting
Authors: Zazzaro Gaetano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article describes an analytical method for comparing geographical sites and transferring fog forecasting models, trained by Data Mining techniques on a fixed site, across Italian airports. This portability method uses a specific intersite similarity measure based on the Euclidean distance between the performance vectors associated with each airport site. Performance vectors are useful for characterizing geographical sites. The components of a performance vector are the performance metrics of an Ensemble descriptive model. In the tests carried out, the comparison method provided very promising results, and the forecast model, when applied and evaluated on a new compatible site, shows only a small decrease in performance. The portability schema provides a meta‐learning methodology for applying predictive models to new sites where a new model cannot be trained from scratch owing to the class imbalance problem or the lack of data for a specific learning. The methodology offers a measure for clustering geographical sites and extending weather knowledge from one site to another.
Exploring Charged Defects in Ferroelectrics by the Switching Spectroscopy Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Authors: Alikin Denis , Abramov Alexander , Turygin Anton , Ievlev Anton , Pryakhina Victoria , Karpinsky Dmitry , Hu Qingyuan , Jin Li , Shur Vladimir , Tselev Alexander , Kholkin Andrei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonitoring the charged defect concentration at the nanoscale is of critical importance for both the fundamental science and applications of ferroelectrics. However, up‐to‐date, high‐resolution study methods for the investigation of structural defects, such as transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray tomography, etc., are expensive and demand complicated sample preparation. With an example of the lanthanum‐doped bismuth ferrite ceramics, a novel method is proposed based on the switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SSPFM) that allows probing the electric potential from buried subsurface charged defects in the ferroelectric materials with a nanometer‐scale spatial resolution. When compared with the composition‐sensitive methods, such as neutron diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and local time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, the SSPFM sensitivity to the variation of the electric potential from the charged defects is shown to be equivalent to less than 0.3 at% of the defect concentration. Additionally, the possibility to locally evaluate dynamics of the polarization screening caused by the charged defects is demonstrated, which is of significant interest for further understanding defect‐mediated processes in ferroelectrics.
Geospatial distribution of groundwater quality using entropy water quality index and statistical assessment: A study from a tropical climate river basin
Authors: Mohan Uma , Krishnakumar Appukuttanpillai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA combination of multivariate statistical techniques and an integrated water quality index methodology was adopted to understand the genesis of major ionic composition of groundwater in a tropical river basin of South India. The present study aims to examine the hydrochemical characterisation and drinking suitability of groundwater reserves of Kallada River Basin (KRB), India by collecting samples from 31 wells during pre‐monsoon (May 2019), monsoon (September 2019), and post‐monsoon (February 2020) seasons. The findings were compared with the maximum acceptable limites prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) and World Health Organization (WHO 2017). The study also highlights the comparison of the present work with the regional and global average cation and anion concentrations. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three factors and the obtained results shows that Cl−, TDS, Na+, and Ca2+ ions contribute towards the moderate pollution load in groundwater. The increased population around the river basin indicates the unhygienic practices in the area and hence eco‐friendly authority steps/actions should be taken to enhance the groundwater quality of the basin. The findings of this study outlines the desire for groundwater research with a further marked focus on upgrading the quantity and quality of groundwater reserves on a global scale.
Transient thrombocytopenia in a cat following G‐CSF treatment
Authors: Kim Kyeong‐Bo , An Ju‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hwa , Park Su‐Min , Chae Hyung Kyu , Song Woo‐Jin , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, castrated male, Russian blue cat with idiopathic epilepsy was diagnosed with neutropenia. The neutropenia was classified as idiopathic after blood tests and abdominal imaging did not reveal an infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic aetiology. As a treatment trial for idiopathic neutropenia, the cat was administered granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor by subcutaneous injection once daily for 3 days. Two weeks after completion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor therapy, the cat developed severe thrombocytopenia, with the granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor therapy considered to be the most likely cause. No treatment was initiated, and the thrombocytopenia had resolved spontaneously by 2 weeks after diagnosis. This is the first reported case of transient severe thrombocytopenia in a cat following granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor treatment.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of a Series of Isostructural Lanthanide‐Thiopheneacrylate Complexes
Authors: Jiajaroen Suwadee , Dungkaew Winya , Kielar Filip , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Chainok Kittipong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis, crystal structures, and properties of three lanthanide(III) coordination complexes based on 2‐thiopheneacrylic acid (Htpa) of the formula [Ln(tpa)3(H2O)3] ⋅ 3(Htpa) (Ln=Tb (1), Dy (2), Er (3)). The complexes were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, TGA, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Structural analysis indicates that all three complexes are isostructural and crystallize in the trigonal space group R3. The structures of these complexes consist of a discrete neutral mononuclear species [Ln(tpa)3(H2O)3] and the Htpa molecule. In the crystal, the complex species are self‐assembled into a one‐dimensional (1D) supramolecular chain through classical O−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds existing between water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms. The adjacent chains are further joined together by C−H⋅⋅⋅π hydrogen bonds involving the thiophene moieties, resulting in the formation of a 3D supramolecular framework. The frameworks feature 1D channels with a dimeter of ca. 1.5 nm that can accommodate Htpa molecules to allow the formation of cocrystals via strong hydrogen bonds. In addition, the solid‐state luminescence and thermal properties of these complexes were also investigated.
Rapid adsorption and selective capture of methylene blue by anionic In‐based MOF with carboxyl‐decorated pore surface
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Sun Yuan , Ma Shiyu , Kong Zhe , Duana Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe reported a PtS‐type anionic metal organic framework (MOF) with uncoordinated carboxyl‐groups and suitable pore size, (Me2NH2)2[In2(THBA)2](CH3CN)9(H2O)21 (InOF). InOF displays high‐density electronegative functional sites about 12 negative sites in one unit cell, which exhibits its potential application for selective removal cationic dye from effluents. In fact, the InOF crystals can rapidly and selectively capture methylene blue dyes from effluents based on the charge‐effect and size‐effect at room temperature.
Non-standard neutrino and Z′ interactions at the FASERν and the LHC
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Ouseph C. J. , Wang TseChun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the impact of non-standard neutrino interactions in the context of a new gauge boson Z′ in neutral-current deep-inelastic scattering performed in ForwArd Search ExpeRiment-ν (FASERν) and in monojet production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We simulate the neutral-current deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering νN → νN at FASERν in the presence of an additional Z′ boson, and estimate the anticipated sensitivities to the gauge coupling in a wide range of Z′ mass. At the LHC, we study the effect of Z′ on monojet production, which can be enhanced in regions with large missing transverse momenta. We then use the recent results from ATLAS with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 to improve the limits on the gauge coupling of Z′. We interpret such limits on Z′ gauge couplings as bounds on effective non-standard neutrino interactions. We show that the FASERν and the LHC results cover the medium and high energy scales, respectively, and complement one another.
Resurrecting low-mass axion dark matter via a dynamical QCD scale
Authors: Heurtier Lucien , Huang Fei , Tait Tim M.P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the framework where the strong coupling is dynamical, the QCD sector may confine at a much higher temperature than it would in the Standard Model, and the temperature-dependent mass of the QCD axion evolves in a non-trivial way. We find that, depending on the evolution of ΛQCD, the axion field may undergo multiple distinct phases of damping and oscillation leading generically to a suppression of its relic abundance. Such a suppression could therefore open up a wide range of parameter space, resurrecting in particular axion dark-matter models with a large Peccei-Quinn scale fa ≫ 1012 GeV, i.e., with a lighter mass than the standard QCD axion.
Universal functors on symmetric quotient stacks of Abelian varieties
Authors: Krug Andreas , Meachan Ciaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider certain universal functors on symmetric quotient stacks of Abelian varieties. In dimension two, we discover a family of$${{\mathbb {P}}}$$P-functors which induce new derived autoequivalences of Hilbert schemes of points on Abelian surfaces; a set of braid relations on a holomorphic symplectic sixfold; and a pair of spherical functors on the Hilbert square of an Abelian surface, whose twists are related to the well-known Horja twist. In dimension one, our universal functors are fully faithful, giving rise to a semiorthogonal decomposition for the symmetric quotient stack of an elliptic curve (which we compare to the one discovered by Polishchuk–Van den Bergh), and they lift to spherical functors on the canonical cover, inducing twists which descend to give new derived autoequivalences here as well.