bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent‐Child Resemblance in Dietary Intakes, Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in China
Authors: Wu Yang , Du Shufa , Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo study parent‐child resemblance in eating, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP), and test effect modification and the association of parent‐child gender dyads, residence, child age, parent‐child age difference and family SES with the resemblance in diet, BMI and BP.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used, which covered nine provinces in China. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24‐hour recalls. BP and BMI were measured by research staff. Final analysis included 1409 children and 2239 parents. Spearman correlation, kappa and logistic regression analysis were conducted.ResultsThere were moderate resemblance in intakes (r=0.35–0.79) and a weak one in BMI (0.04–0.38) and BP (0.03–0.21), which varied across population groups. Those being younger, in rural areas, and being closer to their parents’ ages had stronger resemblance. Older children had greater odds of resembling their parents than younger children in fat intake (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.11–2.48 for 6–12 y; OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.40–3.30 for 13–18 y vs. 2–5 y).ConclusionsA moderate parent‐child resemblance in dietary intakes and a weak one in BMI and SBP existed in China. Resemblance in diet was stronger in children being older, living in rural areas and having a closer age as their parents than their counterparts. Such resemblance is critical in preventing chronic diseases in younger generations.Grant Funding Source: NIH U54 center grant (U54HD070725)
Food consumption pattern and associated factors in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen P H , Strizich G , Lowe A L , Nguyen H , Pham H , Truong T , Nguyen S , Reinhart G A , Harding K B , Neufeld L M , Martorell R , Ramakrishnan U 
Published: June 2021

Women's nutrition before and during pregnancy is an important determinant of maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. We examined the adequacy and determinants of energy and macronutrient nutrient intakes of 5011 women of reproductive age (WRA) who have been enrolled in a study of preconceptual micronutrient supplementation (PRECONCEPT) being conducted in 20 rural communes in Thái Nguyên province, Vietnam. Dietary intakes were determined using a validated 107‐item (semi‐quantitative) food‐frequency questionnaire that was administered by trained field workers. More than 50% failed to meet the minimum recommended energy intake. Carbohydrate, protein and fat constituted 65.6%, 14.8%, and 19.5% of total calories, respectively. Protein and fat intakes were below recommended levels in 7.6% and 56.5%, respectively. Only 3.2% and 11.8% had adequate intakes of n‐3 and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that low education, low socioeconomic status, and food insecurity were significant predictors of low energy (overall and animal sources) and macronutrient intakes. This suggests that nutrition programs should be linked with social development, education and behavior change counseling in order to improve the nutritional status of WRA in Vietnam.Funding: The Mathile Institute and the Micronutrient Initiative
No association between garlic intake and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Meng Shasha , Zhang Xuehong , Giovannucci Edward L , Ma Jing , Fuchs Charles , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAlthough experimental studies have suggested that garlic intake may reduce cancer risk, limited prospective studies have evaluated garlic intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence.MethodsWe followed 76,208 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 45,592 men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study up to 24 years and examined cumulative garlic intake and garlic supplement use in relation to CRC risk. Information on garlic intake and supplement use was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the multivariable relative risk (MV‐RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsWe found no association between garlic intake and CRC risk; the MV‐RR (95% CI) associated with garlic (1 clove or 4 shakes) intake ≥1/day compared with <1/month were 1.21 (0.94–1.57; p‐trend=0.14) for women and 1.00 (0.71–1.42; p‐trend=0.89) for men in 2,368 incident CRC cases. The MV‐RRs (95% CIs) of CRC for garlic supplement use, which was used in 6% of the participants in each study, were 0.72 (0.48–1.07) for women and 1.22 (0.83–1.78) for men.ConclusionOur data do not support a beneficial role of garlic intake or garlic supplement use in colorectal carcinogenesis. Intake of garlic or use of garlic supplement is not warranted to reduce colorectal cancer risk.Funding: This study was supported by research grant CA136950, CA87969, and CA55075 from the National Institutes of Health.Grant Funding Source: NIH
A NON‐INVASIVE TOOL FOR PREDICTING HUMAN ZINC DEFICIENCY
Authors: Harland Barbara , Edmonds Janet Harland 
Published: June 2021

PHYTATE (also known as Phytic Acid or Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6)), is a form of phosphorus found in grains, beans, nuts, and a variety of other plant‐based foods. It is frequently consumed in over‐abundance throughout the world where the vegetarian/vegan diet is predominant. Phytate binds very tightly with minerals, especially zinc, causing the inhibition of absorption/re‐absorption of the di‐valent cations. Zinc is essential for numerous functions in the body, such as providing structural integrity to an enzyme as a cofactor, and as an essential component of zinc‐finger proteins. Zinc deficiency is common in regions where phytate consumption is high. A phytate:zinc molar ratio defines homeostasis of zinc from foodstuffs. When the phytate:zinc molar ratio is greater than 10, a zinc deficiency is defined. Phytate HPLC methods have been used to determine the amount of phytate in foods. Available zinc values contribute to the calculation of the pertinent phytate:zinc molar ratio for each food. This study presents analytical phytate:zinc values for several common foodstuffs.Funding for this research is from Howard University Nutritional Sciences Department and College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Processed purple‐fleshed potato prevents and protects against high‐fat diet elevated oxidative stress and inflammation markers in vivo in a pig model
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Kim Sung Woo , Reddivari Lavanya , Vanamala Jairam 
Published: June 2021

Little information exists if purple‐fleshed potatoes (PP), rich in anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory anthocyanins, even after processing, retain their health benefiting properties in vivo. We hypothesized that processed PP will suppress high‐fat diet (HFD) elevated oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in a pig model. Thus, we performed two studies; a prevention study where 64 pigs, 3wk post‐weaning, consumed one of the eight diets; low‐fat (LFD), HFD and HFD supplemented with white‐fleshed potato (WP) or PP (raw/baked/chips; 10% w/w) for 13wk; and a protection study where pigs (12 wk on HFD) consumed HFD containing 10/20% PP or WP chips for additional 5wk (n=8). Both PP and WP diets (raw/baked/chips) suppressed urinary oxidative stress markers, 8‐isoprostane (8IP) and DNA adduct 8‐OHDG; and serum levels of TNF‐α (ELISA) compared to HFD control (P=0.038). Potato diets elevated colonic mucosal glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) compared to HFD control, however, greatest enhancement (P=0.046) was seen in raw PP consuming pigs. In the protection study, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, including colonic mucosal expression of COX‐2 and IFN‐γ (qRTPCR), and systemic levels of 8IP and TNF‐α were suppressed (P=0.049) by PP diets compared to control. These findings indicate that PP, even after processing, prevents and protects against HFD elevated colonic‐systemic oxidative stress/inflammation.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2009–55200‐05197 from the USDA‐NIFA.
Role of CDX2 protein expression in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.
Authors: Abdelbaqui Maisoun , Coppola Domenico 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCDX2 is a nuclear homeobox transcription factor not expressed in normal esophageal and gastric epithelium but has been reported to highlight the intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus. In this study we investigate the utility of CDX2 in detecting Barrett's esophagus as compared to the conventional Alcian blue pH 2.5 special stain (AB).MaterialsPatients who underwent upper endoscopy to rule out Barrett's at the Florida Digestive Health Specialists and at the Moffitt Cancer Center within the past 12 months were selected. H&E biopsies slides and AB stains were reviewed. Cases were categorized as follows: 108 cases with histologically evident goblet cells (BE), 48 cases without histologic evidence of goblet cells (NBE), 43 cases containing esophageal glands (EG), and columnar blue cells (CB). These cases were stained for CDX2 following the manufacturer recommendations.ResultsWe reviewed a total of 199 esophago‐gastric biopsies from 186 patients. All 108 BE (100%) were positive for AB and 102 (94.4%) were positive for CDX2. 89.6% of 48 NBE were negative for AB and CDX2. 100% of 43 cases showing EG and CB were AB falsely positive. These cases were CDX2 negative. The positive predictive value in detecting intestinal metaplasia for CDX2 was 95.6% and for AB it was 71.5%.ConclusionAdjunct of CDX2 immunostain to AB helps in the evaluation of esophago‐gastric biopsies performed to rule out BE.
Chronic Toll‐like receptor 9 activation mediates heightened vascular contractility via attenuated NOS activity in isolated aortic segments
Authors: McCarthy Cameron , Goulopoulou Styliani , Wenceslau Camilla , Matsumoto Takayuki , Webb R. Clinton 
Published: June 2021

Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR 9) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system. Activation of TLR 9 in immune cells leads to the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. TLR 9 is also expressed in the vasculature; however, its role in vascular function remains to be clarified. We hypothesized that chronic administration (three i.p. injections within five days) of TLR 9 agonist [synthetic oligonucleotide (ODN 2395); 0.1 μg/i.p.], would augment aortic contractility in female, 13–15 weeks old, Sprague Dawley rats. Concentration response curves were performed ex vivo using the myograph to norepinephrine (NE; 10−9–3×10−5 M), in the presence of either nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L‐NNA (10−4 M; 30 min), or cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10−5 M; 30 min). ODN 2395 amplified the contractile response to NE [Emax (% max KCl), ODN 2395: 108±4 vs. Veh: 94±5]. This difference was normalized in the presence of L‐NNA [Emax (% max KCl), ODN 2395: 141±6 vs. Veh: 134±10], but not indomethacin [Emax (% max KCl), ODN 2395: 105±8 vs. Veh: 89±8]. These data illustrate that NOS activity was decreased in the ODN 2395 treated animals, as NOS inhibition normalized the potentiated contractile response to ODN 2395. Therefore, attenuation of NOS activity by TLR 9 activation could subsequently contribute to the development and progression of vascular diseases such as hypertension.Research Support: Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR)
A single exposure to morphine induces long‐lasting sensitization: age‐related differences in mice
Authors: Koek Wouter 
Published: June 2021

Given evidence for age‐related differences in effects of drugs of abuse, surprisingly few studies have explored effects of opioids in adolescents (versus adults). This study compared locomotor sensitization in adolescent and adult mice after a single exposure to morphine.Adolescent (postnatal day 29) and adult male C57BL/6J mice were treated with saline or morphine (1–100 mg/kg, i.p.) (session 1), and morphine (10 mg/kg)‐induced locomotion was assessed 3–36 days later (session 2). Morphine during session 1 dose‐dependently enhanced the locomotor‐stimulating effects of 10 mg/kg morphine during session 2. The minimum significant dose was 3.2 mg/kg in adults and 32 mg/kg in adolescents, and the maximal enhancement was 200% in adults and 150% in adolescents. Irrespective of age, the enhancement increased with the length of the intersession interval, attained a maximum at 1 week, and remained unchanged at 2 and 5 weeks. In adults, but not in adolescents, the enhancement was largest when both sessions were conducted in the same environment.These results show that a single exposure to morphine induces dose‐, delay‐, and context dependent sensitization in adults. In adolescents, morphine induces sensitization less potently, less efficaciously, and less dependent on the context than in adults, but its sensitizing effects are as long‐lasting as in adults, and last into adulthood.Supported by DA23261
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition and regional sympathetic nerve discharge: implications for peripheral vascular control
Authors: Copp Steven W. , Hirai Daniel M. , Sims Gabrielle E. , Musch Timothy I. , Kenney Michael J. , Poole David C. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSelective nNOS inhibition with systemically‐administered S‐methyl‐L‐thiocitrulline (SMTC) in conscious rats elevates mean arterial pressure (MAP) and reduces skeletal muscle and renal blood flow (Copp et al. J Physiol 588: 1321–1331, 2010). We tested the hypothesis that this SMTC‐induced hindlimb skeletal muscle and renal vasoconstriction occurs consequent to increases in lumbar and renal sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in preference to local vasomotor modulation.MethodsMAP (femoral artery catheter) and lumbar and renal SND (direct nerve recordings) were measured in 8 anesthetized sino‐aortic denervated rats for 20 min each following, in random order, saline and SMTC (0.56 mg/kg) infusions.ResultsSMTC increased MAP (peak ΔMAP: 52±9 mmHg, p<0.01) compared to saline which persisted for 10 minutes and then returned to baseline values. Lumbar and renal SND were not different between saline and SMTC conditions (p>;0.05) and the differences between saline and SMTC were not different from zero (peak Δlumbar SND: 2±7 %; peak Δrenal SND: 11±9 %, p>;0.05).ConclusionIn contrast to our hypothesis, nNOS inhibition with SMTC induced marked MAP elevations without altering lumbar or renal SND. Therefore, reductions in hindlimb skeletal muscle and renal blood flow observed previously reflect significant peripheral nNOS‐derived NO vascular effects. Funding: NIH AG‐041948
Increased Expression of Prorenin Receptor (PRR) in the NTS of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) May Be A Compensatory Mechanism of Hypertension
Authors: Shan Zhiying , Zubcevic Jasenka , Yuan Wei , Jun Joo Yun , Qi Yanfei 
Published: June 2021

PRR expression is significantly increased in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of SHR compared to WKY controls. This observation led us to hypothesize that increased NTS PRR expression is linked to hypertension. We test this hypothesis by chronic knockdown or overexpression PRR in the NTS using AAV vector mediated gene transfer. Knockdown of PRR by AAV2‐PRR‐shRNA in SHR resulted in a 22 mmHg increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (shRNA: 173±5; Control: 151±6 mm Hg) along with shifting the set point of arterial pressure to a higher level. However, no changes were observed on MAP in WKY rats. Consistent with pressor effects of PRR knockdown, overexpression of PRR in SHR by AAV2‐human‐PRR induced a 19 mmHg decrease in MAP (PRR: 148±7; Control: 167±7 mmHg) compared to control animals. Finally, we measured the effect of increased PRR ligand, prorenin on blood pressure. Bilateral acute NTS injection of human renin (2 pmol/side) produced significant greater decreases in MAP and heart rate (HR) in SHR (ΔMAP: −32±5 mmHg, ΔHR; −40±10 bpm) compared to WKY rats (ΔMAP: −8±4 mmHg; ΔHR: −12±7 bpm). These effects in SHR were attenuated (70%) by prorenin handle region peptide, but were not affected by AT1 or AT2 receptor blockers.This study suggests that increased NTS PRR expression may be a compensatory mechanism of hypertension and that it mediates an anti‐hypertensive effect in an Ang II independent mechanism. ( AHA 11SDG7420029)
Proteomic analysis of outer and juxtamedullary cortex of non‐clipped kidneys in 2K1C hypertensive rats
Authors: Finne Kenneth , Skogstrand Trude , Tenstad Olav , Berven Frode , Hultström Michael , Vethe Heidrun , Vikse Bjørn Egil 
Published: June 2021

Hypertensive damage in the non‐clipped kidney of two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K1C) rats is most pronounced in the juxtamedullary cortex (JMC), while the outer cortex (OC) is protected. In this study, 2K1C was induced with a 0.2mm silver clip in 6‐week‐old male Wistar rats that were sacrificed after 16‐weeks and compared to sham operated controls (19‐weeks). Differentially abundant proteins were identified in a hypothesis free manner using trypsin digested OC and JMC that was tagged with iTRAQ‐4plex, and analyzed on an Orbitrap Velos Pro liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometer.2714 proteins were quantified (FDR < 0.01). 269 proteins increased, and 127 decreased in abundance in 2K1C compared to control (fold change >; 1.5). The number of differential abundant proteins was higher in JMC (338) than in OC (231). 51 of the differential abundant proteins overlapped with 565 differentially expressed genes from microarray gene expression data obtained previously in the same model.In conclusion, hypertensive kidney damage in the non‐clipped kidney of 2K1C is associated with large changes in the proteome, which are more pronounced in the JMC. Important proteins identified include Osteopontin, S100A4 and Decorin, which are known to play a role in fibrosis and tissue remodeling.This work was funded by Western Norway Regional Health Authority and the University of Bergen.
Inhibition of renal cyst progression by montelukast: an in vitro study in MDCK cells
Authors: Pathomthongtaweechai Nutthapoom , Chatsudthipong Varanuj , Muanprasat Chatchai 
Published: June 2021

Renal cyst enlargement especially in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is driven by P2Y receptor‐mediated and cAMP‐mediated chloride secretion into cyst lumen. This study aimed to determine the effect of an anti‐asthmatic drug montelukast, cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) 1 receptor antagonist, on renal cyst progression and to investigate underlying mechanisms of such an effect. In MDCK cyst model, montelukast (50 μM) inhibited forskolin‐induced cyst growth and cyst formation by 80%. This effect was not reversed by leukotriene D4 co‐incubation. In addition, zileuton, an inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis, had no effect on cyst growth. As analyzed by short‐circuit current measurements, acute treatment with montelukast (50 μM) inhibited ATP (P2Y agonist)‐induced chloride secretion by 50%, with no effect on cAMP‐induced chloride secretion. Similarly, prolonged treatment with montelukast (50 μM, 24 h) significantly inhibited ATP‐induced chloride secretion. Furthermore, montelukast had no effect on cell viability. Our study indicates that montelukast inhibits MDCK cyst progression by attenuating purinergic signaling in these cells. Therefore, montelukast represents a promising candidate drug for PKD therapy.This work was supported by the Faculty of Science and Medical Scholars Program, Mahidol University.
Endothelial progenitor cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Loehr Jeremy E , Tremblay Eve , Blanchet Marie‐Renée , Bonnet Sébastien , Provencher Steeve 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular disease characterized by distal pulmonary arteries remodeling, caused by an increase in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) proliferation and apoptosis resistant. The activation of transcription factors HIF‐1α and NFAT maintain this phenotype. Studies have shown implications of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in angiogenesis by their capacity to infiltrate the vascular wall and to secrete vasoactive factors.Hypothesis: EPC are at the origin of the activation of HIF‐1α and NFAT thus vascular remodeling in PAH.Methods/ResultsEPC were isolated by FACS (CD34+CD45dim) from the buffy coat of 6 patients (3 ctrl; 3 PAH). The EPC were placed in a Boyden chamber on top of healthy human PASMC. EPC secretion factors are able to diffuse freely and interact with the healthy PASMC since a 0.4 μm membrane separates them. After 48 hours, we observed by fluorescence an increased proliferation (Ki67, p<0.05; FLUO3‐AM, p<0.05) and apoptosis‐resistance (TUNEL, p<0.05; TMRM, p<0.05; MitoSOX, p<0.05) of PAH‐EPC compared to ctrl‐EPC stimulated PASMC. The activation of HIF‐1α (p<0.05) and NFAT (p<0.05) collaborate the phenotype. These observations are reinforced by in vivo results showing a resistance to monocrotaline pyrrole‐induced PAH in CD34 KO mice.ConclusionWe show that EPC are implicated in the etiology of PAH by their secretion factors that render the PAH phenotype in healthy PASMC.
Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates the adverse effects of transfusing stored red blood cells in mice with endothelial dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Yu Binglan , Lei Chong , Shahid Mohd , Beloiartsev Arkadi , Bloch Kenneth D , Zapol Warren M 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTransfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) stored for prolonged periods is associated in some retrospective studies with adverse clinic outcomes in patients. We investigated whether transfusion with stored RBCs would increase tissue injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and mortality (adverse effects of transfusing stored RBCs) in a murine model of hemorrhagic shock. We tested whether the adverse effects associated with transfusing stored RBCs were exacerbated by endothelial dysfunction and ameliorated by inhaling nitric oxide.MethodsWe studied mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD‐fed, to induce endothelial dysfunction) or a standard diet for 4–6 weeks. Mice were subjected to 90 min of hemorrhagic shock, followed by resuscitation with leukoreduced syngeneic RBCs stored for less than 24 h (fresh RBCs) or stored for 2 weeks (stored RBCs).ResultsIn standard diet‐fed mice at 2 h after resuscitation, transfusion with stored RBCs increased tissue injury more than transfusion with fresh RBCs. The adverse effects of transfusing stored RBCs were more marked in HFD‐fed mice and associated with increased lactate levels and short‐term mortality. Compared with fresh RBCs, resuscitation with stored RBCs was associated with a reduction in P50, increased plasma hemoglobin levels, and increased indices of inflammation and oxidative stress, effects that were exacerbated in HFD‐fed mice. Inhaled nitric oxide reduced tissue injury, lactate levels, and indices of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as improved short‐term survival in HFD‐fed mice resuscitated with stored RBCs.ConclusionsResuscitation with stored RBCs adversely impacts outcome in mice with hemorrhagic shock, an effect which is exacerbated in mice with endothelial dysfunction. Inhaled nitric oxide reduces tissue injury and improves short‐term survival in HFD‐fed mice resuscitated with stored RBCs.