bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dose corticosteroid use and risk of hospitalization for infection in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors––A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Sørup Signe , Darvalics Bianka , Russo Leo , Oksen Dina , Lamy Francois‐Xavier , Verpillat Patrice , AA Khalil , HT Sørensen , Cronin‐Fenton Deirdre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐dose corticosteroids have been associated with increased risk of serious infection in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4. This potential association needs to be examined further among patients with other cancer types and for other immune checkpoint inhibitors. We examined whether receipt of high‐dose corticosteroids was associated with increased rates of hospitalization for infection among 981 Danish renal, urothelial, and lung cancer patients followed from first administration of programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our cohort analysis was based on the information from national medical registries. During follow‐up, 522 patients (53.2%) initiated treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids and 317 patients (32.3%) experienced at least one hospitalization for infection. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and previous use of chemotherapy/targeted therapy, initiation of high‐dose systemic corticosteroids was associated with increased rate of hospitalization for infections (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.41–3.65) even in patients not receiving any chemotherapy/targeted therapy (HR = 3.66, 95% CI = 2.25–5.96). Our findings showed that high‐dose corticosteroid initiation is associated with hospitalization for infection in patients treated with PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinicians and patients should be aware of this risk of infection when initiating treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids.
Clinicopathological analysis of primary refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Tomotaka , Maruyama Dai , Miyagi‐Maeshima Akiko , Nomoto Junko , Tajima Kinuko , Ito Yuta , Hatta Shunsuke , Yuda Sayako , Makita Shinichi , Fukuhara Suguru , Munakata Wataru , Suzuki Tatsuya , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Izutsu Koji , Kobayashi Yukio , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 15% of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) experience refractory or early relapsed disease after initial rituximab‐containing chemoimmunotherapy is regarded as a primary refractory disease. Although the standard treatment for relapsed DLBCL is high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC‐ASCT), the efficacy of this approach for primary refractory DLBCL is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with primary refractory DLBCL.MethodsSixty‐nine consecutive patients with primary refractory DLBCL who were treated at our institution were categorized as partial responders (partial response to rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone [R‐CHOP] or relapse within 6 months of R‐CHOP) (n = 41) or primary progressors (no response to R‐CHOP) (n = 28). Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsAt initial diagnosis, 70% of patients had Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease, 56% had non‐germinal center B‐cell‐like type DLBCL, and 42% had double‐expressor lymphoma (MYC and BCL2 expression). The 3‐year overall survival rate was significantly poorer in the primary progressors group than in the partial responders’ group (15% vs. 48%, p < 0.001). Four of 17 patients treated with HDC‐ASCT were primary progressors; only one patient survived without relapse. Although double‐expressor lymphoma status did not significantly impact overall survival among all patients (p = 0.794), it was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor in HDC‐ASCT‐treated patients (p = 0.002).ConclusionsWe identified a subgroup of patients with primary refractory DLBCL who may not benefit from current treatment strategies. Further treatment development is needed to improve the outcomes of these patients.
Abusive Head Trauma through Shaking: Examination of the Perpetrators According to Dating of the Traumatic Event
Authors: Laurent‐Vannier Anne , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Chevignard Mathilde 
Published: June 2021

Effective prevention of abusive head trauma (AHT) requires the identification of potential perpetrators. Current evidence suggests that infant shaking, as a mechanism of AHT, produces immediate symptoms, allowing for the dating of the event based on clinical symptoms. Determining precisely when symptoms occurred may help law enforcement to identify the perpetrator. We retrieved written legal statements and medical records from birth to age at diagnosis of 100 infants consecutively diagnosed with AHT through shaking (2011–17), using forensic expertise files. Timing of abuse allowed for the identification of perpetrators in 91 cases. All abusive events occurred inside a home (parent's or nanny's), never outdoors or in a public place, and always in the presence of only one adult. Approximately one‐third (n = 32) of the perpetrators were males (31 fathers) and two‐thirds (n = 59) were females: 49 of them were the infant's nanny and ten were the infant's mother. Infants were not described as crying habitually. Better knowledge of the context of AHT events and risk situations, including recent implementation of a new or unusual modality of childcare, and being the only adult in a home with an infant, should facilitate prevention, including targeted training and avoidance of situations associated with risk.Key Practitioner Messages

Abusive events occur in the presence of a single adult, within the privacy of a home.
First signs of abuse most commonly occur in a recent, therefore unusual, form of childcare.
With rare exceptions, the perpetrator is either the nanny or one of the parents.
Identification of the perpetrator and better knowledge of the context of abuse should allow improving targeted prevention.
Advances in Strategies and Tools Available for Interrogation of Protein O‐GlcNAcylation
Authors: Kim Eun Ju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe attachment of a single O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of numerous proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria is a reversible post‐translational modification (PTM) and plays an important role as a regulator of various cellular processes in both healthy and disease states. Advances in strategies and tools that allow for the detection of dynamic O‐GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins have helped to enhance our initial and ongoing understanding of its dynamic effects on cellular stimuli and given insights into its link to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Furthermore, chemical genetic strategies and related tools have been successfully applied to a myriad of biological systems with a new level of spatiotemporal and molecular precision. These strategies have started to be used in studying and controlling O‐GlcNAcylation both in vivo and in vitro. In this minireview, overviews of recent advances in molecular tools being applied to the detection and identification of O‐GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins as well as on individual proteins are provided. In addition, chemical genetic strategies that have already been applied or are potentially usable in O‐GlcNAc functional are also discussed.
Transcarotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The best alternative?
Authors: Reilly John P. , Parikh Puja B. 
Published: June 2021

Key Points
Approximately 30% of patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have complex aortic and/or iliofemoral anatomy.
In patients with complex vascular anatomy undergoing TAVR, patients undergoing transcarotid (TC) TAVR had lower rates of major vascular complications and no difference in all‐cause death, stroke, major bleeding, access failure, and hospital length of stay compared with transfemoral (TF) TAVR despite worse baseline risk profile.
Further adequately powered randomized studies examining the optimal access site in all‐comers undergoing TAVR and the optimal alternative access site in TAVR patients with complex PAD are warranted in this era of contemporary devices to optimize patient outcomes further.
Acute myocardial infarction related cardiogenic shock: How important is vascular access site?
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Leach Christopher 
Published: June 2021

Key Points
Radial access is rarely used during interventions for AMI related cardiogenic shock
In this observational study, radial access was used in half of CS patients and had similar time to treatment, contrast, fluoroscopy dose and PCI success compared to femoral access.
Patients who received radial access were less sick, and the reduction bleeding complications will need to be risk adjusted.
Access routes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: All roads lead to Rome but only one is paved
Authors: Nicolas Johny , Mehran Roxana 
Published: June 2021

Key Points
The transfemoral approach is used in most patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and is associated with low mortality rates as compared with alternative access sites.
The technical aspects of the procedure rather than the patient's risk profile explain most of the differences in mortality rates observed across different access routes.
Future TAVR studies are needed to establish the optimal access site when the ilio‐femoral artery anatomy is unfavorable.
Integrative computational design and construction: Rethinking architecture digitally
Authors: Knippers Jan , Kropp Cordula , Menges Achim , Sawodny Oliver , Weiskopf Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIncreasing the construction capacity, while at the same time significantly reducing harmful emissions and consumption of nonrenewable resources, and still providing a liveable and affordable built environment, provides a great challenge for future construction. In order to achieve this, both the productivity of construction processes and the energy and resource efficiency of construction systems have to be improved in a reciprocal process. Digital technologies make it possible to address these challenges in novel ways. The vision of this Cluster of Excellence IntCDC at the University of Stuttgart and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems is to harness the full potential of digital technologies to rethink design and construction based on integration and interdisciplinarity, with the goal of laying the methodological foundations to profoundly modernize the design and construction process and related building systems by adopting a systematic, holistic and integrative computational approach. One key objective is to develop an overarching methodology of “co‐designing” methods, processes and systems based on interdisciplinary research encompassing architecture, structural engineering, building physics, engineering geodesy, manufacturing and systems engineering, computer science and robotics, and humanities and social sciences. In this way, the Cluster aims to address the ecological, economic and social challenges and to provide the prerequisites for a high‐quality and sustainable built environment and a digital building culture.
Synthesis and Absorption Properties of Long Acenoacenes
Authors: Jančařík Andrej , Mildner Daniel , Nagata Yuuya , Banasiewicz Marzena , Olas Joanna , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw , Holec Jan , Gourdon André 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons composed of linearly fused benzene rings have received immense attention due to their performance as semiconductors in organic optoelectronic applications. Their appealing physicochemical properties, such as extended delocalization, high charge carrier mobilities, narrow HOMO‐LOMO gaps and partially radical character in the ground state make them very attractive targets for many potential applications. However, the intrinsic synthetic challenges of unsubstituted members such as high reactivity and poor solubility are still limiting factors for their wider exploitation. Herein, we report a simple general synthesis of a new family of angularly fused acenoacenes with improved stability compared to their isoelectronic linear counterparts. The synthesis and comprehensive characterization of pentacenopentacene, pentacenohexacene and hexacenohexacene, with lengths between decacene and dodecacene, are disclosed.
Impact of regionalizing ST‐elevation myocardial infarction care on sex differences in reperfusion times and clinical outcomes
Authors: Rayner‐Hartley Erin , Wong Graham C. , Fayowski Cassandra , Cairns John A. , Singer Joel , Lee Terry , Sedlak Tara , Humphries Karin H. , Perry‐Arnesen Michele , Mackay Martha , Fordyce Christopher B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWomen with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention historically experience worse in‐hospital outcomes compared to men.HypothesisImplementation of a regional STEMI system will reduce care gaps in reperfusion times and in‐hospital outcomes between women and men.Methods1928 patients (413 women, 21.4%) presented with an acute STEMI between June 2007 and March 2016. The population was divided into an early cohort (n = 728 patients, 2007‐May 2011), and a late cohort (n = 1200 patients, June 2011–2016). The primary endpoints evaluated were reperfusion times and in‐hospital outcomes.ResultsCompared to men, women experienced significant delays in first medical contact (FMC) to arrival at the emergency room (26.0 vs. 22.0 min, p < 0.001) and FMC‐to‐device (109 vs. 101 min p = 0.001). Women had higher incidences of post‐PCI heart failure and death compared to men (p < 0.05). Following multivariable adjustment, no mortality difference was observed for women versus men (adjusted OR; 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–1.34; p = 0.433) or for early versus late cohorts (adjusted OR; 1.04; 95% CI, 0.68–1.60; p = 0.856).ConclusionFollowing STEMI regionalization, women continued to experience significantly longer reperfusion times, although there was no difference in adjusted mortality. These results highlight the ongoing disparity of STEMI care between women and men, and suggest that regionalization alone is insufficient to close sex‐based care gaps.
Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes‐Silica Binary Composite for Effective Pb(II) Sequestration from Industrial Effluents: Multivariate Process Optimization
Authors: Islam Aminul , Chauhan Anjali , Javed Hina , Rais Saman , Ahmad Izhar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐silica binary composite (mCNT@APS) is synthesized via amide bond and utilized for the Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The composite is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc) studies. Three levels and three factorial Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology is employed to assess and optimize the effects of influential parameters: pH, initial concentration, and contact time. Using the desirability function, the obtained optimum conditions are pH 5.4, feed concentration 757 µg mL−1 and contact time 4 min. The electrostatic attraction between the active binding sites of adsorbent and Pb(II) at pHpzc < pH results in higher saturation capacity (79.69 mg g−1) in accordance with the best fitted non‐linearized Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo‐second‐order model fits well to the kinetic data implying chemisorption of Pb(II) onto mCNT@APS. The material can be regenerated up to 15 sorption–desorption cycles using 5 mL of 1.5 M HNO3. The adsorbent exhibits excellent Pb(II) removal efficiency (>98%) from industrial effluents and tap water samples.
Human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and Candida albicans co‐infection in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia
Authors: Erira Alveiro T , Navarro Andrea Fernanda Romo , Robayo Dabeiba Adriana García 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and Candida albicans in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia.Materials and methodsAn observational, cross‐sectional, descriptive study was performed using 30 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues from patients with clinical suspicion of leukoplakia and confirmed diagnosis of oral dysplasia. Histological analyses were performed by two pathologists (interobserver) and dysplasias were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Conventional PCR was used to detect HPV and EBV viruses and C. albicans. To determine the association between each microorganism with different degrees of dysplasia a Chi‐square test was employed.ResultsThe tongue was the most common site for leukoplakias (71.4%) in females with a mean age of 50 years (ranging between 30 to 50 years old; 57.1%). EBV was the most frequently detected (73.3%), followed by HPV (43.3%), mainly of type 16 (40%), and C. albicans (23.3%). Significant differences were observed between degrees of dysplasia and HPV presence (p = 0.005). In lesions positive for HPV, EBV, and C. albicans the most frequent histological changes were hyperkeratosis, irregular interpapillary ridges, and loss of basal stratum cell polarity.ConclusionCo‐infection with human papillomavirus, Epstein Barr virus, and Candida albicans in oral leukoplakia could be associated with dysplastic changes.
FeVO4 Nanopolyhedron Photoelectrodes for Stable and Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Chang Sheng , Wang Mingqi , Wang Chong‐Chen , Fu Xijun , Bi Hao , Zeng Qingyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrystalline FeVO4 nanopolyhedron (FVO NPH) photoelectrodes are successfully prepared by using an in situ solid‐state transformation from hydrothermal FeOOH films via adding vanadium precursor and following thermal treatments. The FVO NPH photoelectrodes possess uniformly dispersed polyhedral nanocrystals that directly grow on the conductive substrate with tunable film thicknesses. The unique morphology enables an outstanding photo‐electrocatalytic performance, and the optimized FVO NPH photoelectrode, which was annealed at 550 °C for 4 h with a film thickness of ∼560 nm, exhibits excellent photocurrent densities of ∼0.47 and ∼0.68 mA cm−2 at 1.0 and 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. After decorating CoPi co‐catalyst, FVO/CoPi shows a highly efficient water splitting performance with O2 and H2 evolution rates of 7.53 and 15.32 μmol cm−2 h−1, respectively, which are ∼1.88 and ∼1.80 times, respectively, of these of the FVO NPH. The proposed photoelectrodes also show excellently chemical and physical stabilities in solar water splitting. This is the first time reported the preparation of well‐organized nanostructured FeVO4 films, which warrants further optimization studies on morphologies and compositions of FeVO4‐based photoelectrodes.
Catalytic Reforming of the Aqueous Phase Derived from Diluted Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Waste Polyethylene for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Su Hongcai , Li Tian , Zhu Lingjun , Wang Shurong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe thermal degradation and conversion of waste polyethylene (PE) using a two‐step process including hydrothermal oxidation (HO) and aqueous phase reforming (APR) were investigated. The objective of this study was to achieve efficient disposal of waste PE and generate H2 in a mild and green way. The effects of various HO conditions on both HO and APR processes were studied. A high H2O2 concentration caused overoxidation of PE resulting in more CO2. Decreasing the H2O2 concentration weakened the overoxidation. The process using diluted H2O2 exhibited the highest selectivity for acetic acid among the produced carboxylic acids. When the HO temperature exceeded 200 °C, there was an increase in the CO2 yield during the HO process and a decrease in the H2 yield during the APR process. In addition, the effects of various monometallic and bimetallic catalysts on the reforming of the aqueous phase from the HO of PE were discussed. The highest H2 mole fraction (51.52 %) in gaseous products from the APR process was obtained with Ru/mesoporous carbon. Nevertheless, Ru−Ni exhibited a higher stability than the monometallic Ru catalyst.
Nuclear hypochromasia: Shedding light on the “lightness” of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Stern Evan S. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris system (TPS) has provided a standardized classification for reporting urinary cytology, specifically high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While hyperchromasia is well described in HGUC, there exists little data on nuclear hypochromasia in HGUC. Our focus was to investigate the incidence of hypochromasia in HGUC and if it should become a criterion for HGUC.DesignAll cases of HGUC at our institution for a 3‐year interval (2017–2019) using TPS were reviewed. Each case had a single ThinPrep slide and concurrent biopsy or resection specimen to confirm the diagnosis within 30 days. The presence of hypochromasia was evaluated, and cases with hypochromasia were stratified based on the tumor cell percentage. Cases with hypochromasia in 5% or greater of the tumor cells were considered “positively identified” for hypochromasia.ResultsWe reviewed 117 cases of HGUC and identified nuclear hypochromasia in 12 cases (10.2%) within 5% or greater of the tumor cells. These 12 cases were further assessed based on if tumor cells showed hypochromasia in 5%–49% of the sample, or greater than 50% of the sample. Hypochromasia in 5%–49% of tumor cells was present in 8/117 cases (6.8%); whereas in 50% or greater samples 4/117 cases (3.4%) showed hypochromasia. No cases were identified where hypochromasia was noted in less than 5% of the tumor cells.ConclusionTPS and use of hyperchromasia as a feature of HGUC is affirmed. However, hypochromasia, while not diagnostic in isolation, is present in a sub‐set of patients with HGUC (10.2%) and should be considered as a variance noted in the nuclei of HGUC.
Socioeconomic factors, stress, hair cortisol, and white matter microstructure in children
Authors: Simon Katrina R. , Merz Emily C. , He Xiaofu , Desai Pooja M. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocioeconomic disadvantage has been linked to increased stress exposure in children and adults. Exposure to stress in childhood has been associated with deleterious effects on cognitive development and well‐being throughout the lifespan. Further, exposure to stress has been associated with differences in brain development in children, both in cortical and subcortical gray matter. However, less is known about the associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, stress, and children's white matter development. In this study, we investigated whether socioeconomic disparities would be associated with differences in white matter microstructure in the cingulum bundle, as has been previously reported. We additionally investigated whether any such differences could be explained by differences in stress exposure and/or physiological stress levels. White matter tracts were measured via diffusion tensor imaging in 58 children aged 5–9 years. Results indicated that greater exposure to stressful life events was associated with higher child hair cortisol concentrations. Further, physiological stress, as indexed by hair cortisol concentrations, were associated with higher fractional anisotropy in the cingulum bundle. These results have implications for better understanding how perceived and physiological stress may alter neural development during childhood.