bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoterpenoid signals and their transcriptional responses to feeding and juvenile hormone regulation in bark beetle Ips hauser
i
Authors: Fang Jia Xing , Du Hui Cong , Shi Xia , Zhang Su Fang , Liu Fu , Zhang Zhen , Zu Peng Juan , Kong Xiang Bo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hauser's engraver beetle, Ips hauseri, is a serious pest in spruce forest ecosystems in Central Asia. Its monoterpenoid signal production, transcriptome responses and potential regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. The quality and quantity of volatile metabolites in hindgut extracts of I. hauseri were found to differ between males and females and among three groups: beetles that were newly emerged, those with a topical application of juvenile hormone III (JHIII) and those that had been feeding for 24 h. Feeding males definitively dominated monoterpenoid signal production in I. hauseri, which uses (4S)-(−)-ipsenol and (S)-(−)-cis-verbenol to implement reproductive segregation from Ipstypographus and Ipsshangrila. Feeding stimulation induced higher expression of most genes related to the biosynthesis of (4S)-(−)-ipsenol than JHIII induction, and showed a male-specific mode in I. hauseri. JHIII stimulated males to produce large amounts of (−)-verbenone and also upregulated the expression of several CYP6 genes, to a greater extent in males than in females. The expression of genes involved in the metabolism of JHIII in females and males was also found to be upregulated. Our results indicate that a species-specific aggregation pheromone system for I. hauseri, consisting of (4S)-(−)-ipsenol and S-(−)-cis-verbenol, can be used to monitor population dynamics or mass trap killing. Our results also enable a better understanding of the bottom-up role of feeding behaviors in mediating population reproduction/aggregation and interspecific interactions.
Beyond the Kármán gait: knifefish swimming in periodic and irregular vortex streets
Authors: Ortega-Jiménez Victor M. , Sanford Christopher P. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNeotropical freshwater fishes such as knifefishes are commonly faced with navigating intense and highly unsteady streams. However, our knowledge on locomotion in apteronotids comes from laminar flows, where the ribbon fin dominates over the pectoral fins or body bending. Here, we studied the 3D kinematics and swimming control of seven black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) moving in laminar flows (flow speed U∞≈1–5 BL s−1) and in periodic vortex streets (U∞≈2–4 BL s−1). Two different cylinders (∼2 and ∼3 cm diameter) were used to generate the latter. Additionally, fish were exposed to an irregular wake produced by a free oscillating cylinder (∼2 cm diameter; U∞≈2 BL s−1). In laminar flows, knifefish mainly used their ribbon fin, with wave frequency, speed and acceleration increasing with U∞. In contrast, knifefish swimming behind a fixed cylinder increased the use of pectoral fins, which resulted in changes in body orientation that mimicked steady backward swimming. Meanwhile, individuals behind the oscillating cylinder presented a combination of body bending and ribbon and pectoral fin movements that counteract the out-of-phase yaw oscillations induced by the irregular shedding of vortices. We corroborated passive out-of-phase oscillations by placing a printed knifefish model just downstream of the moving cylinder, but when placed one cylinder diameter downstream, the model oscillated in phase. Thus, the wake left behind an oscillating body is more challenging than a periodic vortex shedding for an animal located downstream, which may have consequences on inter- and intra-specific interactions.
Preparation of Colloidal Monodisperse Hollow Organosiloxane-Based Nanoparticles with a Double Mesoporous Shell
Authors: Watanabe Tenkai , Yamamoto Eisuke , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hollow siloxane-based nanoparticles (HSNs) have attracted significant attention because of many potential applications. The interior and exterior properties of HSNs can be varied by forming double shells with different compositions, which leads to new functionalities. In this study, we prepared colloidal monodisperse HSNs (smaller than 50 nm in diameter) with a double mesoporous shell by the stepwise addition of two different bridged organoalkoxysilanes [(EtO)3Si-C2H4-Si(OEt)3 (BTEE1) and (EtO)3Si-C2H2-Si(OEt)3 (BTEE2)] to a dispersion of colloidal silica nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm in diameter) in the presence of surfactants. The hollow structure was formed by dissolution-redeposition of the silica core during the formation of an organosiloxane shell. Upon addition of BTEE1 in the first step, core-shell structure was formed. Subsequent addition of BTEE2 led to the formation of mesoporous HSNs composed of an inner shell containing ethylene (-CH2-CH2-) groups and an outer shell containing ethenylene (-CH=CH-) groups. Suppression of the diffusion of the second organosilane species into the inner region of HSNs was critical for the formation of the double shell. The ethenylene groups in the outer shell allowed for chemical modification by thiol-ene reaction while maintaining the hollow inner space of the HSNs, which will lead to the application of HSNs in various fields.
ACSM Expert Consensus Statement on Weight Loss in Weight-Category Sports
Authors: Burke Louise M. , Slater Gary J. , Matthews Joseph J. , Langan-Evans Carl , Horswill Craig A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Weight-category sports are defined by the requirement of a weigh-in before competition to provide performance equity and reduced injury risks by eliminating size discrepancies. Athletes in these sports try to gain a theoretical advantage by competing in weight divisions that are lower than their day-to-day body mass (BM), using a combination of chronic strategies (body-fat losses) and acute manipulations over a period of hours to days before weigh-in (“making weight”). Strategies to support safer practices include minimal competition weight classification based on preseason body composition, reductions in the period between weigh-in and competition, and prohibition of unhealthy weight loss techniques. At an individual level, expert guidance by a sports nutrition professional can help an athlete to establish a pragmatic and long-term approach to BM management, recognizing the nuances of their sport, to achieve favorable outcomes for both health and performance.
Trace-metal distribution and ecological risk assessment in sediments of a sheltered coastal area (Gulf of Gaeta, central-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) in relation to hydrodynamic conditions
Authors: BONAMANO SIMONE , PIAZZOLLA DANIELE , SCANU SERGIO , PIERMATTEI VIVIANA , MARCELLI MARCO 
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the relationship between sediment contamination and hydrodynamic conditions in the Gaeta Gulf (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), an anthropogenically impacted and sheltered coastal area. The pollution levels, potential toxicity, and ecological risk of trace metals were analysed in 16 sediment sampling sites using Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Adverse Effect Index (AEI), and the Mean ERM Quotient (m-ERM-Q). The bottom shear stress of the study area, evaluated using an annual simulation of a 3D numerical model, was used to calculate a new Sediment Mobilisation Index (SMI) that detects the coastal zones where a low probability of sediment resuspension occurs. As, Ni, and Cu concentrations exceeded the Threshold Effects Level (TEL) guideline value and AEI limit in several sampling sites, indicating their ability to produce adverse effects on biota. Moreover m-ERM-Q showed the highest values of potential ecological risk in most of the sampling sites located in the inner part of the Gulf of Gaeta. In this area, the highest SMI values were also identified, demonstrating that there is a tight relationship between the two indexes (R2 = 0.8214). The application of SMI in sheltered areas will help achieve high performance of monitoring and hazard assessment tools through obtaining predictable responses on hotspot identification.
A collaborative approach to exercise provision for people with Parkinson’s – a feasibility and acceptability study of the PDConnect programme
Authors: Jones Julie , Alexander Lyndsay , Hancock Elizabeth , Cooper Kay 
Published: April 2021

Background: Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for people with Parkinson’s (PwP), slowing the rate of decline of motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging evidence associating exercise with a neuroprotective effect. Current exercise provision is time-limited, and delivered in the absence of strategies to support long-term adherence to exercise. With a growing Parkinson’s population, there is a need to develop long-term sustainable approaches to exercise delivery. The primary aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention (PDConnect) aimed at promoting physical activity, and self-management for PwP. Methods: A convergent fixed parallel mixed methods design study will be undertaken. The study aims to recruit 30 PwP, who will be randomly allocated into two groups: (i) the usual care group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks delivered via Microsoft Teams. (ii) The PDConnect group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks which combines exercise, education and behaviour change interventions delivered by NHS Parkinson’s specialist physiotherapists via Microsoft Teams. This will be followed by 12 weekly sessions of group exercise delivered on Microsoft Teams by fitness instructors specially trained in Parkinson’s. Participants will be then contacted by the fitness instructors once per month for three months by video conferencing to support exercise engagement. Primary feasibility data will be collected during the study, with acceptability assessed via semi-structured interviews at the end. Secondary outcomes encompassing motor, non-motor and health and well-being measures will be assessed at baseline, at six, 18, and 30 weeks. Discussion: This pilot study will establish whether PDConnect is feasible and acceptable to PwP. This will provide a platform for a larger evaluation to assess the effectiveness of PDConnect at increasing exercise participation and self-management within the Parkinson’s Community. Trial registration: Registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN11672329, 4th June 2020).
In vitro evaluation of the anti-diabetic potential of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt using HepG2 (C3A) and L6 cell lines
Authors: Aladejana Adebowale Emmanuel , Bradley Graeme , Afolayan Anthony Jide 
Published: April 2021

Background: Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt has been listed in a survey of plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. In this study, the antidiabetic potentials of ethanol, cold aqueous (CAQ) and boiled aqueous (BAQ) extracts of H. petiolare were investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic and glucose utilization effects of the extracts were evaluated using L6 myocytes and HepG2 (C3A) hepatocytes. α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition assays were also carried out. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant cytotoxic effects in the treated cells. Both BAQ and CAQ extracts significantly increased glucose uptake in L6 and C3A cell lines. The CAQ extract enhanced glucose uptake more in the L6 myocytes than in the C3A cell-lines hepatocytes. The BAQ extract showed higher levels of inhibition on α–amylase and α-glucosidase than CAQ. The activities were not significantly different from acarbose. However, BAQ showed lower lipase inhibition than acarbose (p<0.05). Conclusions: The BAQ and CAQ extracts of H. petiolare may, therefore, contain pharmacologically active and relatively non-toxic hypoglycaemic chemicals, which may be effective substitutes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Recommendations for the FAIRification of genomic track metadata
Authors: Gundersen Sveinung , Boddu Sanjay , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Drabløs Finn , Fernández José M. , Kompova Radmila , Taylor Kieron , Titov Dmytro , Zerbino Daniel , Hovig Eivind 
Published: April 2021

Background: Many types of data from genomic analyses can be represented as genomic tracks, i.e. features linked to the genomic coordinates of a reference genome. Examples of such data are epigenetic DNA methylation data, ChIP-seq peaks, germline or somatic DNA variants, as well as RNA-seq expression levels. Researchers often face difficulties in locating, accessing and combining relevant tracks from external sources, as well as locating the raw data, reducing the value of the generated information. Description of work: We propose to advance the application of FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) to produce searchable metadata for genomic tracks. Findability and Accessibility of metadata can then be ensured by a track search service that integrates globally identifiable metadata from various track hubs in the Track Hub Registry and other relevant repositories. Interoperability and Reusability need to be ensured by the specification and implementation of a basic set of recommendations for metadata. We have tested this concept by developing such a specification in a JSON Schema, called FAIRtracks, and have integrated it into a novel track search service, called TrackFind. We demonstrate practical usage by importing datasets through TrackFind into existing examples of relevant analytical tools for genomic tracks: EPICO and the GSuite HyperBrowser. Conclusion: We here provide a first iteration of a draft standard for genomic track metadata, as well as the accompanying software ecosystem. It can easily be adapted or extended to future needs of the research community regarding data, methods and tools, balancing the requirements of both data submitters and analytical end-users.
Sociodemographic factors associated with postnatal maternal complications in public hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Mukhwana Raheli Misiko , Keraka Margaret N , Onyambu Meshack 
Published: April 2021

Introduction/Aims Focused antenatal care provides individualised counselling, targeted assessment and safe, cost effective, evidence-based intervention. It has been implemented in developing countries as a strategy to improve maternal health. This study aimed to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with maternal complications in selected public county hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using a sample of 397 postnatal women who were given a questionnaire, with sections on their sociodemographic and health characteristics. Data analysis was done using the Chi Square test to determine the association between study variables, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The study found that 30% of respondents reported a maternal complication during their current delivery outcome. Sociodemographic factors significantly associated with maternal complications were age (P=0.002), occupation (P=0.001) and income (P=0.011). The health factors associated with occurrence of maternal complications were number of deliveries (P=0.001) and mode of delivery (P=0.001). Conclusions A number of factors were found to be significantly associated with maternal outcomes, including age and occupation. Further studies to determine why young women do not use focused antenatal care are necessary, as this would help reduce the incidence of birth-associated complications.
Determinants of male involvement in maternal healthcare services in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olajubu Aanuoluwapo O , Ayamolowo Sunday J , Okiti Oluwatosin A , Olajubu Temitope O , Adeyeye Olajumoke , Olowokere Adekemi E 
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims In Nigeria, women's partners are often excluded from taking part in maternal healthcare, as a result of sociocultural norms. However, the involvement of male partners in maternal healthcare services has the potential to improve maternal health outcomes. This study examined factors associated with male involvement in maternal healthcare services in Ife Central, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 265 men living in Ife Central who were married with at least one child, selected by multistage sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to assess men's knowledge of their expected roles in maternal healthcare, their perception of male involvement, and their current level of involvement in their spouse's healthcare. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out to identify predictors of active male involvement in maternal healthcare, at a significance of P<0.05. Results Approximately half (55.6%) of the respondents had good knowledge of the expected role of men in maternal healthcare services and 76.6% had a positive perception of this role. Overall, less than half (47.6%) of the participants were actively involved in maternal healthcare services. The participants most frequently reported that men's involvement was influenced by their degree of knowledge (92.4%), job schedule (92.0%), and clinic waiting time (86.4%), among others. Age (odds ratio=2.33, P=0.038), educational status (odds ratio=2.42, P=0.004) religion (odds ratio=2.34, P=0.012), occupation (odds ratio=2.81, P<0.001) and level of knowledge (odds ratio=2.34, P=0.001) were found to be significantly associated with men's level of involvement in maternal healthcare services. However, only good level of knowledge (adjusted odds ratio=2.32, P=0.004) emerged as an independent predictor of men's level of involvement in maternal healthcare services. Conclusions The study concluded that men's involvement in maternal healthcare services was low, despite their positive perception towards it. Less than half of the participants had good knowledge regarding men's role in maternal healthcare, and this factor was identified as a significant predictor of level of involvement. Programmes and policies should aim to enhance men's knowledge of their role in maternal healthcare, and it may be necessary to restructure the healthcare delivery system to be more male friendly.
Comparing the effectiveness of mime therapy and neuromuscular re-education in improving facial symmetry and function in acute Bell's palsy: a pilot randomised clinical trial
Authors: D'Souza Arnold Fredrick , Rebello Sydney Roshan 
Published: April 2021

Background/aimsUntreated Bell's palsy may lead to disability and reduced quality of life, while early intervention can improve prognosis. This pilot randomised clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of mime therapy and neuromuscular re-education in improving facial symmetry and function in patients with acute Bell's palsy.MethodsA total of 20 patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy were included in this study after meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of ten. Group A received mime therapy while group B received neuromuscular re-education. Each participant received 12 sessions of the respective treatment over 2 weeks and was assessed for facial symmetry and function using the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System and the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale respectively.ResultsAlthough both mime therapy and neuromuscular re-education showed highly significant improvements within each group for both the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (P=0.005) and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (P=0.005); they showed no difference between each group for the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (P=0.212) and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (P=0.97).ConclusionsMime therapy and neuromuscular re-education are equally effective in the recovery of facial symmetry and function in acute Bell's palsy. Physiotherapists can choose between either technique based on their skills and preference or based on patient comfort and expectation.
Effect of shockwave therapy on kinematic gait parameters in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Allam Hatem H , Almalki Abdulrahman J , Elsayyad Lamiaa K 
Published: April 2021

Background/aims Extracorporeal shockwave therapy might be a considerable substitute to present treatment alternatives to reduce spasticity and improve range of motion in patients with cerebral palsy, which could improve their quality of life and gait pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on gait parameters in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 34 children with spastic diplegia (19 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 5–7 years (mean 5.8 ± standard deviation 1.2 years). They were randomly assigned into two equal groups, the study and the control group. Both groups received the traditional physiotherapy programme, three sessions a week consecutively for 3 months. Children in the study group also received extracorporeal shockwave therapy one session a week for 3 months. Results There was a significant improvement of spasticity, step length and stride width in the control group (P=0.017, 0.015, 0.033 respectively). Walking speed did not show a significant change in the control group (P=0.1). In the study group, there was a significant improvement in spasticity, stride length, stride width, and walking speed (P=0.0001, 0.005, 0.029, 0.014 respectively). Comparing the gained improvement in the study and the control group, the results showed that the improvement in the study group significantly exceeded that of the control group in spasticity, stride length, stride width and walking speed (P=0.0003, 0.011, 0.043, 0.002 respectively). Conclusions Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is effective in reducing spasticity and improving gait patterns in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.
Patient-reported outcomes and function after reinsertion of the triangular fibrocartilage complex by open surgery
Authors: Feitz Reinier , van der Oest Mark J. W. , van der Heijden Elisabeth P. A. , Slijper Harm P. , Selles Ruud W. , Hovius Steven E. R. ,   On behalf of the Hand-Wrist Study Group
Published: April 2021

Aims Patients with a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury report ulnar-sided wrist pain and impaired function. The surgical procedure of TFCC reinsertion aims to improve function in patients with this injury in whom conservative treatment has failed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of open TFCC reinsertion. Methods The study involved 274 patients who underwent open repair of the TFCC between December 2013 and December 2018. The patients completed the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire, and scored pain and function using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Range of motion (ROM) was assessed by experienced hand therapists. Results Clinically significant improvements were reported in pain, function, and grip strength in 220 patients (80%) three and 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion These data will help surgeons to make decisions about the outcomes of open repair of the TFCC and to counsel patients appropriately. Level of evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):711–717.