bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology Of Proximal And Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures In Children: An Observational Study From The Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Jacobsen Sarah Daag , Marsell Richard , Wolf Olof , Hailer Yasmin D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Most fractures in children are fractures of the upper extremity. Proximal and diaphyseal humeral fractures account for a minority of these fractures. To our knowledge, few previous reports address these fractures. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and current treatment of proximal and diaphyseal humeral fractures by using the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). Methods: In this nationwide observational study from the SFR we analysed data on patient characteristics, injury mechanism, fracture classification and treatment. We included patients aged <16 years at time of injury with proximal or diaphyseal humeral fracture registered in 2015-2019.Results: 1996 (1696 proximal and 300 diaphyseal) fractures were registered. Proximal fractures were more frequent in girls whereas diaphyseal fractures were more frequent in boys. The median age at fracture was 10 years in both fracture types but patient’s age was more widespread in diaphyseal fracture (IQR 5-13 compared to IQR 7-12 in proximal). In both sexes, the most registered injury mechanism was fall. Horse-riding was a common mechanism of injury in girls, whereas ice-skating and skiing were common mechanisms in boys. The majority of fractures were treated non-surgically (92% of proximal and 80% of diaphyseal fractures). The treatment method was not associated with the patient’s sex. Surgery was more often performed in adolescents. The most common surgical methods were K-wire and cerclage fixation in proximal fracture and intramedullary nailing in diaphyseal fracture.Conclusion: Following falls, we found sex-specific sport activities to cause most proximal and diaphyseal paediatric fractures. Further studies on prophylactic efforts in these activities are needed to investigate whether these fractures are preventable. The majority of the fractures were treated non-surgically, although surgical treatment increased with increasing age in both sexes.
Immune Landscape of Advanced Gastric Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Identifies Immunotherapeutic Relevant Gene Signature
Authors: Zhang Simeng , Lv Mengzhu , Cheng Yu , Wang Shuo , Li Ce , Qu Xiujuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is a disease with poor prognosis due to the current lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint blockade treatments have shown effective responses in patient subgroups but biomarkers remain challenging. Traditional classification of gastric cancer (GC) is based on genomic profiling and molecular features. Therefore, it is critical to identify the immune-related subtypes and predictive markers by immuno-genomic profiling. Methods: Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to identify the immue-related subtypes of AGC in two independent GEO datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm were applied to identify hub-network of immune-related subtypes. Hub genes were confirmed by prognostic data of KMplotter and GEO datasets. MTT assay, Transwell migration assay and Western blotting were performed to confirm the cellular function of hub gene in vitro. Results: Three immune-related subtypes (Immunity_H, Immunity_M and Immunity_L) of AGC were identified in two independent GEO datasets. Compared to Immunity_L, the Immuntiy_H subtype showed higher immune cell infiltration and immune activities with favorable prognosis. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed based on GSE62254 dataset and identified one gene module which was significantly correlated with the Immunity_H subtype. A Hub-network which represented high immune activities was extracted based on topological features and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm. Furthermore, ADAM like decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1) was identified as a seed gene among hub-network genes which is highly associated with favorable prognosis in both GSE62254 and external validation datasets. In vitro, ADAMDEC1 was confirmed as a potential protein in regulating proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell. Deficiency of ADAMDEC1 of gastric cancer cell also associated with high expression of PD-L1 and Jurkat T cell apoptosis. Conclusions: We identified immune-related subtypes and key tumor microenvironment marker in AGC which might facilitate the development of novel immune therapeutic targets.
Study of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Basic Violet 3 Dye in Polar Protic and Aprotic Solvents
Authors: s jeyaram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work aims to study of third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) behavior of basic violet 3 dye dissolved in polar protic and aprotic solvents, namely, ethanol, 1-propanol, acet0one and dimethyl sulfonate (DMSO), respectively. The polarity of the solvent used to have a substantial impact on the linear and TONLO properties of the dye sample. The dye exhibit self-defocusing nonlinearity due to thermally induced nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient reveals the character of both saturable and reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The order of magnitude of nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) of dye sample was determined to be 10–7 cm2/W and 10–3 cm/W, respectively. The real and imaginary factors of the TONLO susceptibility of basic violet 3 dye were measured to be the power of 10–5 esu. The results are revealed that the possibility of utilizing the dye sample in various photonics and optoelectronics applications.
The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shen Jingyi , Li Kaifeng , Yu Huiyan , Ding Bingjie , Xiao Rong , Ma Weiwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

High fat diet may lead to systematic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, which eventually result in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. However, there is a paucity of study examined whether inflammation mediated the association between diet fatty acids and cognitive function in type 2 patients with diabetes.
Methods

We evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients with diabetes, using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography analysis. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression based on R program and mediation model was established by Mplus.
Results

In our study, we found the increasing of BMI may lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. We also found higher SFAs levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher MUFAs intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most PUFAs levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores, but n-6 PUFAs gave opposite results. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs, SCD-16 and SCD-18 were positively related to hs-CRP. Interestingly, we found PUFAs were negatively related to IL-10. Meanwhile, this result also indicated that C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skills scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels.
Conclusions

Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested that plasma fatty acids can be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in 2 type diabetes.
Pediatric Tizanidine Toxicity Reversed with Naloxone a case report
Authors: emad doaa emad , adam ahmad , shaban mohamed , alyahya bader 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTizanidine, an α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, is widely prescribed for the management of spasticity in adults. Case reports for pediatric tizanidine overdose are limited. Here, we report a case of pediatric tizanidine toxicity that was reversed with naloxone.Case presentationA three year-old male presented to the emergency department with lethargy, bradycardia, and bradypnea after accidental ingestion of multiple tizanidine tablets. Improvements in the level of consciousness, respiratory and heart rates were observed post intravenous naloxone administration of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively.Conclusions﻿This case report provides additional epidemiologic data on childhood tizanidine poisoning and further documentation on the use of naloxone as a viable antidote for centrally acting α-2 receptor agonists.
Study on the Influence Law of Forming Quality of Clinched Joint for Dissimilar Metal Sheet
Authors: Li Qihan , Xu Chuanwei , Gao Song , Han Xiaoheng , Ma Fenglei , Gu Dongwei , Zhao Qingming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The clinched process of heterogeneous materials is more and more used in automobile, aerospace, and household appliances manufacturing. Traditional spot welding is easy to produce heat influence and damage material itself, which restricts the application and development for the hybrid structure of the vehicle body. This paper is based on the test of clinching. The cross-section morphology of clinched joints is observed. Based on the tensile test data and the requirements of the test die, the finite element model of the steel-aluminum clinched joint forming is established. The model is proved to be effective in the process of clinched forming. Based on the simulation model, the influence of process parameters (forming process parameters, Punch’s geometry parameters, and concave die structural parameters) on the forming quality of steel- aluminum clinched joint is analyzed. The evaluation of the joint after forming includes the critical dimension, deformation, and neck-lock ratio. Then, the strength of the steel-aluminum clinched joint was studied by tensile shear test. The law of strength change and the neck-lock ratio is analyzed. The selection strategy of different process parameters is studied. The results show that the forming process of the joint is predicted by numerical simulation, and the quality of the joint is sound. The neck-lock ratio of the joint with the highest tensile and shear strength is less than one and close to 1, that is, the joint with forming force of 40kN. The tensile strength and shear strength of clinched joint are higher than the design index (shear strength is 1700N, tensile strength is 700N). The tensile strength was increased by 125%, and the shear strength was 62.35%.
A Comprehensive In Silico Perspective For Discovery of Novel Inhibitory Candidates Targeting Versatile Transcriptional Repressor MBD2
Authors: Çalışkaner Zihni Onur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism in various biological events such as development, cellular differentiation, cancer progression, aging, and iPSC reprogramming. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and regulation in gene expression is employed through MBD2, known as reader of DNA methylation and suggested as a drug target. Despite its magnitude of significance and rationale of nomination, scarcely limited number of druggable ligands has been detected so far. Hence, we screened a comprehensive compound library and then certain of them were subjected to computational docking analysis by targeting methylated DNA-binding domain of human MBD2. We could detect reasonable binding energies and docking residues presumably located in druggable pockets. Docking results were also validated via MD simulation and per-residue energy decomposition calculation. Drug-likeness of tested ligands was assessed through ADMET prediction in order to foresee off-target side effects for future studies. Herein, on the basis of collaborating approaches such as molecular docking, MD simulation, energy decomposition and ADMET prediction, notably two compounds named CID3100583 and 8,8-Ethylenebistheophylline, have become prominent as novel candidates, possibly disrupting MBD2MBD–DNA interaction. Hereby, these compounds exhibit a promising usage potential in a wide range of implementation from cancer treatment to somatic cell reprogramming protocols.
Metabolic Abnormalities Rather Than BMI, Associated With Increased Risk of Recurrent Stroke in Chinese Hospitalized Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Zhou Jiaojiao , Zhang Hong , Gao Pei , Wang Long , Yang Yuting , Jiang Xiaohong , Chen Lu , Hua Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Metabolic abnormalities and body mass index (BMI) are known as apparent risk factors of recurrent stroke, but which one is more likely related to recurrent stroke remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the metabolic phenotypes and BMI as indicators of recurrent stroke in Chinese hospitalized stroke patients.
Methods

In this retrospective population-based study, 856 hospitalized stroke patients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled. Recurrent stroke was defined as newly-onset stroke patients with a history of previous stroke. Metabolic phenotypes were categorized based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 was defined as obesity.
Results

Among the hospitalized stroke patients, the prevalence of recurrent stroke was 21.9%. Metabolic abnormalities rather than BMI were significantly associated with recurrent stroke. Compared with metabolically healthy patients, metabolically unhealthy ones had 72% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.68) increased risk of recurrent stroke, regardless of BMI and other confounding factors. Whereas, no statistical association between BMI and recurrent stroke were found. Metabolic status significantly improved risk prediction of recurrent stroke when adding to the conventional-risk-factor model (net reclassification index 17.6%, P = 0.0047; integrated discrimination improvement 0.7%, P = 0.014), while BMI did not.
Conclusions

Recurrent stroke is likely associated with metabolic abnormalities rather than with BMI. For the secondary prevention of stroke, controlling metabolic abnormalities is a more crucial method then BMI controlling in stroke patients.
Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSv) Isolated From Slaughtered Pigs in Northern Uganda
Authors: Oba Peter , Dione Michel M. , Erume Joseph , Wieland Barbara , Mutisya Christine , Ochieng Linnet , Cook Elizabeth A. J. , Mwiine Frank N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) isolated from slaughtered pigs in Lira district, northern Uganda. The study was conducted from March to September 2019 in three selected slaughter slabs. Pigs brought for slaughter were randomly sampled. At necropsy, lungs were extracted from the thoracic cavity and examined for pneumonic lesions. Seventy-three (73) pigs with gross lung lesions were sampled, from which one hundred and one (101) tissue samples were taken. A real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to characterize PRRSv genotypes.
Results

A total of 20 samples tested positive for PRRSv. The respective prevalence of PRRSv type 1 and type 2 were 24.65% (n = 18) and 2.73% (n = 2) respectively. Of the pigs sampled (n = 73), only two pigs, 2.73% (n = 2) tested positive to both strains. The likelihood of PRRSv detection decreased with pig age, but increased with gross pneumonic pathology.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated dual circulation of both genotypes in northern Uganda. The association between PRRSv and lung pathology suggests that it may be an important cause of lung disease in pigs in Uganda and hence loss of production. This calls for further investigations on potential economic impacts of PRRSv on pig productivity. These findings contribute to discussions about the need of surveillance and possible vaccination strategies against PRRSv in Uganda.
Disclosure of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid-responsive Genes Provides a Molecular Tool for Deciphering Stress Responses in Soybean
Authors: Beyer Sebastian F. , Bel Paloma Sánchez , Flors Victor , Schutheiss Holger , Conrath Uwe , Langenbach Caspar J.G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes that respond to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have not been disclosed in the soybean crop. We performed global transcriptome analyses to fill this knowledge gap. Upon exogenous application, endogenous levels of SA and JA increased in leaves. SA predominantly activated genes linked to systemic acquired resistance and defense signaling whereas JA mainly activated wound response-associated genes. In general, SA-responsive genes were activated earlier than those responding to JA. Consistent with the paradigm of biotrophic pathogens predominantly activating SA responses, free SA and here identified most robust SA marker genes GmNIMIN1, GmNIMIN1.2 and GmWRK40 were induced upon inoculation with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, whereas JA marker genes did not respond to infection with the biotrophic fungus. Spodoptera exigua larvae caused a strong accumulation of JA-Ile and JA-specific mRNA transcripts of GmBPI1, GmKTI1 and GmAAT whereas neither free SA nor SA-marker gene transcripts accumulated upon insect feeding. Our study provides molecular tools for monitoring the dynamic accumulation of SA and JA, e.g. in a given stress condition.
Risk Factors Associated With the Presence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Macroscopic Lesions Suspected as Being Caused by Bovine Tuberculosis Detected in Slaughterhouses
Authors: Barcelos Flávio Gomes , Anjos Tais Ramalho dos , Alencar Leila Auxiliadora de Arruda , de Freitas Maria Júlia Sudária , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Carvalho Ricardo Cesar Tavares , Figueiredo Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.
Homelessness during COVID-19: Challenges, Responses, and Lessons Learned from Homeless Service Providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
Authors: Rodriguez Natalia M. , Lahey Alexa M. , MacNeill Justin J. , Martinez Rebecca G. , Teo Nina E. , Ruiz Yumary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare some of the United States’ most devastating health and social inequities faced by people experiencing homelessness. Homeless populations experience disproportionate rates of underlying health conditions, stigma and marginalization that often disenfranchise them from health and social services, and living conditions that potentiate the risk of COVID-19 transmission and adverse outcomes. Methods: Guided by the socio-ecological model, this community-based participatory research study examined the impacts of the COVID-19 public health crisis on people experiencing homelessness in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and the ways in which homeless service providers prepared for, experienced, and responded to the pandemic. Eighteen (18) semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of 15 community-based organizations, including shelters and other homeless service providers.Results: Qualitative content analysis revealed multilevel challenges and responses to COVID-19 impact mitigation in this community, including the implementation of diverse safety measures, policies and novel service delivery innovations.Conclusions: Community-based organizations, including homeless shelters, are uniquely qualified to inform pandemic response and disaster risk mitigation in order to respond appropriately to the specific needs of people experiencing homelessness. Many of the emergency measures put in place by homeless service providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana created opportunities for innovative solutions to longstanding challenges faced by homeless populations that can inform better service delivery moving forward, long after the COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned and shared by homeless service providers on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications to improve future disaster response for homeless and other vulnerable populations.