bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handwritten and Sustainable Electronic Logic Circuits with Fully Printed Paper Transistors
Authors: Cunha Inês , Martins Jorge , Bahubalindruni Pydi Ganga , Carvalho José Tiago , Rodrigues João , Rubin Sabrina , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrinted electronics answers to the emerging trend of using truly inexpensive and easily accessible techniques to design and fabricate low‐cost and recyclable flexible electronic components. Nevertheless, printing of inorganic semiconductor materials arises some barriers for flexible electronics, as they usually may require high annealing temperatures to enhance their electronic performances, which are not compatible with paper. Here, the formulation of a water‐based, screen‐printable ink loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles that does not require any sintering process is reported. The ink is used to create the channel in fully printed electrolyte‐gated transistors on paper, gated by a cellulose‐based ionic conductive sticker. The high conformability of the electrolyte‐sticker mitigates the effect of the surface roughness of the channel, yielding transistors that operate under low voltage (<2.5 V) with a current modulation above 104 and μSat ≈ 22 cm2 V−1 s−1. These devices operate even under moderate outward bending conditions. The screen‐printed transistors are readily integrated in “universal” logic gates (NOR and NAND) by using ubiquitous calligraphy accessories for patterning of conductive paths and graphitic load resistances. This demonstrates the manufacturing of reliable and recyclable cellulose‐based iontronic circuits with low power consumption, paving the way to a new era of sustainable “green” electronics.
A Liquid Crystal Elastomer‐Based Unprecedented Two‐Way Shape‐Memory Aerogel
Authors: Wang Meng , Song Ying , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Yang Jian‐Feng , Liu Li , Yang Hong , Li Quan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the advantage of reversible shape‐morphing between two different permanent shapes under external stimuli, the two‐way shape‐memory aerogel is expected to become a preferred aerogel for developing practical applications in actuators, sensors, robotics, and more. Herein, the first two‐way shape‐memory liquid crystal elastomer (LCE)‐based aerogel is prepared by an orthogonal heat and light curing strategy coupled with an intermediate mechanical stretching step. The differential scanning calorimetry, temperature‐varied wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and polarizing optical microscope results indicate that the aerogel possesses a liquid crystal phase and the insider mesogens are well‐oriented along the stretching direction. In addition to having superior compressibility and excellent shape stability, this LCE‐based aerogel can perform a reversible shape deformation during the heating/cooling cycles with a shrinkage ratio of 37%. The work, that is disclosed here, realizes a truly two‐way shape‐memory behavior rather than the one‐way shape deformation of traditional polymer aerogel materials, and may promote potential applications of this novel LCE‐based aerogel material in control devices, soft actuators, and beyond.
Soil salt balance in a cotton field under drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage systems
Authors: Heng Tong , Feng Gary , Yang Li‐Li , He Xin‐Lin , Yang Guang , Li Fa‐Dong , Xu Xuan , Feng Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil salinization is a vital factor limiting crop yield in dryland oasis cropland. A film‐mulched drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage (MDI‐SPD) system has been proved to be highly efficient at mitigating salination globally. However, the soil salt balance in time and spatial dimension is unclear in this system. A MDI‐SPD experiment was conducted for 4 yr (2015–2019) in a field in Manas River Basin, western China. The subsurface drainage pipes were installed at a depth of 1 m with a space of 15 m. Three long‐term observation points were set at 0, 5, and 7.5 m horizontal from the subsurface pipe and served as long‐term observation points in 0‐to‐20‐, 60‐to‐80‐, and 180‐to‐200‐cm soil layers. Results after 4 yr indicated that the total salt output in the irrigated area was 260 t, with 103 t of salt drained by the subsurface pipe (40% of the total salt output in the irrigation area), and the seed cotton yield increased by 52%. Soil salt balance indicated desalination. The electrical conductivity (EC) of subsurface pipe drainage was positively correlated with drainage flow and salt discharge and negatively correlated with drainage discharge and time (P < .05). If salt leaching stops, soil EC at the 0‐to‐200‐cm depth could reach 15 dS m–1 in 8 yr. Thus, two or three uses of MDI‐SPD measures in the next 8 yr should suffice to maintain the soil salt at a low concentration. An increase in shaft drainage would also reduce the deep seepage of salt.
Novel characterization of the multivariate genetic architecture of internalizing psychopathology and alcohol use
Authors: Colbert Sarah M. C. , Funkhouser Scott A. , Johnson Emma C. , Morrison Claire L. , Hoeffer Charles A. , Friedman Naomi P. , Ehringer Marissa A. , Evans Luke M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic correlations suggest that the genetic relationship of alcohol use with internalizing psychopathology depends on the measure of alcohol use. Problematic alcohol use (PAU) is positively genetically correlated with internalizing psychopathology, whereas alcohol consumption ranges from not significantly correlated to moderately negatively correlated with internalizing psychopathology. To explore these different genetic relationships of internalizing psychopathology with alcohol use, we performed a multivariate genome‐wide association study of four correlated factors (internalizing psychopathology, PAU, quantity of alcohol consumption, and frequency of alcohol consumption) and then assessed genome‐wide and local genetic covariance between these factors. We identified 14 significant regions of local, largely positive, genetic covariance between PAU and internalizing psychopathology and 12 regions of significant local genetic covariance (including both positive and negative genetic covariance) between consumption factors and internalizing psychopathology. Partitioned genetic covariance among functional annotations suggested that brain tissues contribute significantly to positive genetic covariance between internalizing psychopathology and PAU but not to the genetic covariance between internalizing psychopathology and quantity or frequency of alcohol consumption. We hypothesize that genome‐wide genetic correlations between alcohol use and psychiatric traits may not capture the more complex shared or divergent genetic architectures at the locus or tissue specific level. This study highlights the complexity of genetic architectures of alcohol use and internalizing psychopathology, and the differing shared genetics of internalizing disorders with PAU compared to consumption.
High‐Energy Neutrinos from the Cosmos
Authors: Halzen Francis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe IceCube project transformed a cubic kilometer of transparent natural Antarctic ice into a Cherenkov detector. It discovered PeV‐energy neutrinos originating beyond our galaxy with an energy flux that is comparable to that of GeV‐energy gamma rays and EeV‐energy cosmic rays. These neutrinos provide the only unobstructed view of the cosmic accelerators that power the highest energy radiation reaching us from the universe. The results from IceCube's first decade of operations, foremost the measurement of the diffuse neutrino flux from the universe using multiple techniques is reviewed. The multimessenger data that identified the supermassive black hole TXS 0506+056 as a source of cosmic neutrinos is subsequently reviewed and attention is drawn to accumulating indications that cosmic neutrinos are associated with gamma‐ray‐obscured active galaxies, that is, the energy in gamma rays that accompanies cosmic neutrinos emerges at MeV energies, or below. Reaching beyond 10 PeV energy, cosmic neutrinos provide a natural beam to study neutrinos themselves.
Superfast and Water‐Insensitive Polymerization on α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydrides to Prepare Polypeptides Using Tetraalkylammonium Carboxylate as the Initiator
Authors: Wu Yueming , Chen Kang , Wu Xue , Liu Longqiang , Zhang Weiwei , Ding Yun , Liu Shiqi , Zhou Min , Shao Ning , Ji Zhemin , Chen Jiacheng , Zhu Minghui , Liu Runhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe design the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated superfast polymerization on α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA) for efficient synthesis of polypeptides. Carboxylates, as a new class of initiator for NCA polymerization, can initiate the superfast NCA polymerization without the need of extra catalysts and the polymerization can be operated in open vessels at ambient condition without the use of glove box. Tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated polymerization on NCA easily affords block copolymers with at least 15 blocks. Moreover, this method avoids tedious purification steps and enables direct polymerization on crude NCAs in aqueous environments to prepare polypeptides and one‐pot synthesis of polypeptide nanoparticles. These advantages and the mild polymerization condition of tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated NCA polymerization imply its great potential in functional exploration and application of polypeptides.
Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals
Authors: Karothu Durga Prasad , Dushaq Ghada , Ahmed Ejaz , Catalano Luca , Rasras Mahmoud , Naumov Panče 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current–voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
An Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with Enhanced Li+ Transport Ability Enables Stable Li Deposition for High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Cai Yichao , Zhang Qiu , Lu Yong , Hao Zhimeng , Ni Youxuan , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide‐based ionic liquid (TFSI‐IL) electrolyte could endow Li‐O2 batteries with low charging overpotential. However, their weak Li+ transport ability (LTA) leads to non‐uniform Li deposition. Herein, guided by Sand formula, the LTA of TFSI‐IL electrolyte is greatly enhanced to realize robust Li deposition through introducing hydrofluoroether (HFE) and optimizing electrolyte component ratios to regulate solvation environment. The solvation environment changes from Li(TFSI)2− ion pair into ionic aggregate clusters in the optimal electrolyte thanks to the slicing function of HFE toward ionic aggregate network. The transport parameters of Sand formula are synchronously enhanced, resulting in highly robust Li deposition behavior with greatly improved Coulombic efficiency (ca. 97.5 %) and cycling rate (1 mA cm−2). Cycling stability of Li‐O2 batteries was greatly improved (a tiny overpotential rise of 64 mV after 75 cycles).
Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an Endo‐Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls
Authors: Zhou Hang , Pang Xin‐Yu , Wang Xiaoping , Yao Huan , Yang Liu‐Pan , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelective molecular recognition in water is the foundation of numerous biological functions but is a challenge for most synthetic hosts. We employ the concept of endo‐functionalized cavity and the strategy of simultaneous construction to address this issue. The concept and the strategy were demonstrated in the construction of a biomimetic host for selectively recognizing quinones in water. The host was synthesized by joining two pieces of bent anthracene dimer through amide bond formation, affording a deep hydrophobic cavity and inward‐directing hydrogen bonding sites. The host can recognize quinones over their close analogues in water, and its association affinity to p‐benzoquinone is the highest among all the known hosts and is even comparable to that of the bioreceptor. The binding with an anthraquinone reaches nanomolar affinity. Shielded hydrogen bonding, C−H⋅⋅⋅π, and charge transfer interactions, and the hydrophobic effect are responsible for the high binding affinity and selectivity.
Enhanced Ribozyme‐Catalyzed Recombination and Oligonucleotide Assembly in Peptide‐RNA Condensates
Authors: Le Vay Kristian , Song Emilie Yeonwha , Ghosh Basusree , Tang T.‐Y. Dora , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability of RNA to catalyze RNA ligation is critical to its central role in many prebiotic model scenarios, in particular the copying of information during self‐replication. Prebiotically plausible ribozymes formed from short oligonucleotides can catalyze reversible RNA cleavage and ligation reactions, but harsh conditions or unusual scenarios are often required to promote folding and drive the reaction equilibrium towards ligation. Here, we demonstrate that ribozyme activity is greatly enhanced by charge‐mediated phase separation with poly‐L‐lysine, which shifts the reaction equilibrium from cleavage in solution to ligation in peptide‐RNA coaggregates and coacervates. This compartmentalization enables robust isothermal RNA assembly over a broad range of conditions, which can be leveraged to assemble long and complex RNAs from short fragments under mild conditions in the absence of exogenous activation chemistry, bridging the gap between pools of short oligomers and functional RNAs.
NMR Spectroscopy of the Main Protease of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Fragment‐Based Screening Identify Three Protein Hotspots and an Antiviral Fragment
Authors: Cantrelle François‐Xavier , Boll Emmanuelle , Brier Lucile , Moschidi Danai , Belouzard Sandrine , Landry Valérie , Leroux Florence , Dewitte Frédérique , Landrieu Isabelle , Dubuisson Jean , Deprez Benoit , Charton Julie , Hanoulle Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main protease (3CLp) of the SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent for the COVID‐19 pandemic, is one of the main targets for drug development. To be active, 3CLp relies on a complex interplay between dimerization, active site flexibility, and allosteric regulation. The deciphering of these mechanisms is a crucial step to enable the search for inhibitors. In this context, using NMR spectroscopy, we studied the conformation of dimeric 3CLp from the SARS‐CoV‐2 and monitored ligand binding, based on NMR signal assignments. We performed a fragment‐based screening that led to the identification of 38 fragment hits. Their binding sites showed three hotspots on 3CLp, two in the substrate binding pocket and one at the dimer interface. F01 is a non‐covalent inhibitor of the 3CLp and has antiviral activity in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected cells. This study sheds light on the complex structure‐function relationships of 3CLp and constitutes a strong basis to assist in developing potent 3CLp inhibitors.
Digitalisierung der Versuchsplanung im Ingenieurbau – Planung von Messprojekten mit MR‐Brillen, 3‐D‐Druck und QR‐Codes für Monitoring und datengestützte Bestandsbewertung
Authors: Haslbeck Matthias , Friedrich Sebastian , Hindersmann Iris , Bednorz Jennifer , Braml Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Digitalisierung und der Einsatz der BIM‐Technologie werden für die Baubranche immer wichtiger. Doch nicht nur für die Planung und den Bau von Neubauten, sondern auch für die Umsetzung und den Betrieb von Messeinrichtungen an bestehenden Hoch‐ und Ingenieurbauten können die BIM‐Methode und die visuelle Darstellung des Objekts in den physikalischen und virtuellen Modellen hilfreiche Werkzeuge sein. Am Beispiel eines Projekts zur datengestützten Bewertung einer Bestandsbrücke wird gezeigt, wie BIM, 3‐D‐Druck, QR‐Codes und Mixed‐Reality‐Brillen die Planung von Messeinrichtungen unterstützen. Die einsetzende digitale Transformation im Bauwesen und der wachsende Bedarf an datenbasierten Nachweiskonzepten für alternde Verkehrsinfrastrukturobjekte eröffnen dabei ein enormes Potenzial für die Digitalisierung. Anhand einer geplanten Versuchskampagne zur Anpassung von statischen Modellen an gemessene Daten durch Bayeśsches Updating wird gezeigt, wie dieses Potenzial genutzt werden kann, um die Planung und Ausführung von Messprojekten an Bauwerken zu unterstützen und eine Steigerung der Qualität und der Effizienz zu erreichen. Durch die Erzeugung und Visualisierung von dreidimensionalen Bauwerksmodellen und die Bereitstellung von technischen Spezifikationen der Messeinrichtungen durch QR‐Codes kann sowohl der Installationsprozess als auch die spätere Betreuung der Messtechnik unterstützt werden.
Processed pseudogenes: A substrate for evolutionary innovation
Authors: Troskie Robin‐Lee , Faulkner Geoffrey J. , Cheetham Seth W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProcessed pseudogenes may serve as a genetic reservoir for evolutionary innovation. Here, we argue that through the activity of long interspersed element‐1 retrotransposons, processed pseudogenes disperse coding and noncoding sequences rich with regulatory potential throughout the human genome. While these sequences may appear to be non‐functional, a lack of contemporary function does not prohibit future development of biological activity. Here, we discuss the dynamic evolution of certain processed pseudogenes into coding and noncoding genes and regulatory elements, and their implication in wide‐ranging biological and pathological processes. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/iUY_mteVoPI
Spruce Hard Carbon Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Drews Mathias , Büttner Jan , Bauer Manuel , Ahmed Junaid , Sahu Rajib , Scheu Christina , Vierrath Severin , Fischer Anna , Biro Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, lithium‐ion battery full‐cells based on spruce‐derived hard carbon anodes and an electrochemical pre‐lithiation method are presented in combination with a detailed analysis of full‐cell operation and the lithiation state. The physical and electrochemical properties agree well with those of previous biomass‐derived hard carbon anodes. However, low initial coulombic efficiencies of 65 % represent one of the major challenges of the developed anodes with respect to full‐cell operation. To counteract the initial lithium loss, in‐situ electrochemical pre‐lithiation was conducted, allowing battery operation in the same cell setup without reassembly. Consequently, significantly increased capacities, cycle life, and first cycle coulombic efficiency were obtained in comparison to untreated anodes (195 mAh/g versus 150 mAh/g, state of health (SOH) 80 after 150 cycles versus 70 cycles, and 90 % versus 65 %). In summary, spruce‐based hard carbon has the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative to standard graphite.
Full‐Atom Model of the Agonist LPS‐Bound Toll‐like Receptor 4 Dimer in a Membrane Environment
Authors: Matamoros‐Recio Alejandra , Franco‐Gonzalez Juan Felipe , Perez‐Regidor Lucia , Billod Jean‐Marc , Guzman‐Caldentey Joan , Martin‐Santamaria Sonsoles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD‐2) innate immunity system is a membrane receptor of paramount importance as therapeutic target. Its assembly, upon binding of Gram‐negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and also dependent on the membrane composition, finally triggers the immune response cascade. We have combined ab‐initio calculations, molecular docking, all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, and thermodynamics calculations to provide the most realistic and complete 3D models of the active full TLR4 complex embedded into a realistic membrane to date. Our studies give functional and structural insights into the transmembrane domain behavior in different membrane environments, the ectodomain bouncing movement, and the dimerization patterns of the intracellular Toll/Interleukin‐1 receptor domain. Our work provides TLR4 models as reasonable 3D structures for the (TLR4/MD‐2/LPS)2 architecture accounting for the active (agonist) state of the TLR4, and pointing to a signal transduction mechanism across cell membrane. These observations unveil relevant molecular aspects involved in the TLR4 innate immune pathways and will promote the discovery of new TLR4 modulators.
Cobalt and Iron Stabilized Ketyl, Ketiminyl and Aldiminyl Radical Anions
Authors: Sieg Grégoire , Pessemesse Quentin , Reith Sascha , Yelin Stefan , Limberg Christian , Munz Dominik , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbonyl and iminyl based radical anions are reactive intermediates in a variety of transformations in organic synthesis. Herein, the isolation of ketyl, and more importantly unprecedented ketiminyl and aldiminyl radical anions coordinated to cobalt and iron complexes is presented. Insights into the electronic structure of these unusual metal bound radical anions is provided by X‐Ray diffraction analysis, NMR, IR, UV/Vis and Mössbauer spectroscopy, solid and solution state magnetometry, as well as a by a detailed computational analysis. The metal bound radical anions are very reactive and facilitate the activation of intra‐ and intermolecular C−H bonds.
The Touchscreen‐Based Trial‐Unique, Nonmatching‐To‐Location (TUNL) Task as a Measure of Working Memory and Pattern Separation in Rats and Mice
Authors: Barnard Ilne L. , Onofrychuk Timothy J. , McElroy Dan L. , Howland John G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe TUNL task is an automated touchscreen task used to evaluate the cognitive processes involved in working memory (WM) and spatial pattern separation in rodents. Both rats and mice can be used. To elicit working memory processes, the rodent must distinguish between a sample (familiar) light stimulus and a novel light stimulus after a delay. With a correct selection, the rodent will receive a food reward. A major benefit of TUNL compared to other similar tasks is the circumvention of spatial “mediating strategies” that the rodent may use to supplement or replace working memory processes to complete the task successfully. Each trial is ‘unique’, as the stimuli are pseudo‐randomized between trials in an array of spatial locations. The TUNL task uses a progression of six training steps to teach the rodent the associated rules necessary to complete the full task. Task performance is typically measured by trials completed and by accuracy. Task accuracy can be evaluated across various spatial separations to engage hippocampal‐dependent processes involved in spatial pattern separation. The latency between trial responses can also be evaluated, with food reward collection latency as a measure of motivation. The TUNL task can be used to assess working memory and cognitive deficits in rodent models with neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, providing a valuable tool to screen for new treatment options, in addition to assessing basic neurobiology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Handling and habituation prior to trainingBasic Protocol 2: Initial Touch TrainingBasic Protocol 3: Must Touch TrainingBasic Protocol 4: Must Initiate TrainingBasic Protocol 5: Punish Incorrect TrainingBasic Protocol 6: Initial TUNL TrainingBasic Protocol 7: Full TUNL TrainingSupport Protocol 1: Using ABET II touch programSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of touchscreen chambers prior to training sessions