bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a university evolution garden: An integrated learning approach for teaching land plant evolution
Authors: Elliott‐Kingston Caroline , Haines Nicola , Stewart Gavin , McCabe Paul 
Published: September 2021

Societal Impact StatementSolutions to many of society's major challenges currently relate to plants, for example, feeding a growing global population, reducing crop water use, minimising pesticide use, and mitigating climate change, to name just a few. Solving global challenges requires high‐calibre plant science graduates with a fundamental understanding of plant evolution and the impacts of past climate change on extinction and speciation events, along with the knowledge required for sustainable global plant production, especially for food, under current and future climate change. Equipping these graduates for the future is a responsibility of university educators who must adopt innovative education methods to achieve this challenging goal.SummaryThe concept of land plant evolution is difficult for botany and biology undergraduates to grasp because it spans half a billion years, a timeline that cannot be easily visualised. We established the University College Dublin (UCD) Evolution of Land Plants Garden to improve student understanding, knowledge, and engagement in a purpose‐built ‘living’ outdoor classroom in which they can ‘walk’ through land plant history. We focus on the concept, configuration, and planting, how the garden has improved student learning, and how it could be adapted for other learning outcomes. The garden is divided into five sections depicting key innovations in land plant evolution, beginning with ‘Before land plants’, followed by ‘Cuticle’ where the Bryophyta appear, ‘Vascular tissue’ with the Pteridophyta; ‘Seed’ with the gymnosperms; and ‘Flower’ with the angiosperms. Analysis of quantitative student feedback and performance indicates that students' understanding of the subject was improved significantly by ‘walking through’ a living evolutionary history in practical classes, supported by lectures, laboratory work, and online quizzes. We present a template that could be adopted widely to engage students with plant evolution, in the context of decreasing engagement with plant sciences among young people.
On the Entanglement Entropy in Gaussian cMERA
Authors: Fernández‐Melgarejo J. J. , Molina‐Vilaplana J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe continuous Multi Scale Entanglement Renormalization Anstaz (cMERA) consists of a variational method which carries out a real space renormalization scheme on the wavefunctionals of quantum field theories. In this work we calculate the entanglement entropy of the half space for a free scalar theory through a Gaussian cMERA circuit. We obtain the correct entropy written in terms of the optimized cMERA variational parameter, the local density of disentanglers. Accordingly, using the entanglement entropy production per unit scale, we study local areas in the bulk of the tensor network in terms of the differential entanglement generated along the cMERA flow. This result spurs us to establish an explicit relation between the cMERA variational parameter and the radial component of a dual AdS geometry through the Ryu‐Takayanagi formula. Finally, we argue that the entanglement entropy for the half space can be written as an integral along the renormalization scale whose measure is given by the Fisher information metric of the cMERA circuit. Consequently, a straightforward relation between AdS geometry and the Fisher information metric is also established.
Silencing uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase gene impairs larval development in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Jiang Lin‐Hong , Mu Li‐Li , Jin Lin , Anjum Ahmad A. , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUridine diphosphate‐N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) diphosphorylase (UAP) catalyzes the formation of UDP‐GlcNAc, the precursor for the production of chitin in ectodermally derived epidermal cells and midgut, for GlcNAcylation of proteins and for generation of glycosyl‐phosphatidyl‐inositol anchors in all tissues in Drosophila melanogaster.RESULTSHere, we identified a putative HvUAP gene in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Knockdown of HvUAP at the second‐, third‐ and fourth‐instar stages impaired larval development. Most resultant HvUAP hypomorphs showed arrested development at the third‐, fourth‐instar larval or prepupal stages, and became paralyzed, depending on the age when treated. Some HvUAP‐silenced larvae had weak and soft scoli. A portion of HvUAP‐depleted beetles formed misshapen pupae. No HvUAP RNA interference pupae successfully emerged as adults. Dissection and microscopic observation revealed that knockdown of HvUAP affected gut growth and food ingestion, reduced cuticle thickness, and negatively affected the formation of newly generated cuticle layers during ecdysis. Furthermore, HvUAP deficiency inhibited development of the tracheal respiratory system and thinned tracheal taenidia.CONCLUSIONThe phenotypical defects in HvUAP hypomorphs suggest that HvUAP is involved in the production of chitin. Moreover, our findings will enable the development of a double‐stranded RNA‐based pesticide to control H. vigintioctopunctata. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Review of antenna technologies for very high frequency Data Exchange Systems
Authors: Gómez‐Guillamón Buendía Victoria , Liberto Salvatore , Goussetis George , Fonseca Nelson J. G. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe Automated Identification System (AIS) was originally developed as a terrestrial system tracking vessels near the coastline. Dedicated channels were allocated within the spectrum historically reserved for maritime applications in the very high frequency (VHF) band, enabling long range communications, up to a few kilometers. There have been various initiatives in the last decade that extended this system with a space segment, enabling global monitoring of vessels beyond the range of terrestrial stations. Recently, the World Radiocommunication Conference has allocated frequencies for the extension of this system to a two‐way VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) via satellite. This requires to adapt spaceborne antenna solutions previously developed for AIS, particularly for missions using small satellites and CubeSats. This paper provides a timely review of existing VHF antenna solutions and new concepts under development which could be applicable to VDES missions. Some key metrics are identified to provide a comparative study between various candidate solutions. Considering the range of possible missions, from secondary payloads on‐board larger satellites to dedicated constellations, it is believed that a number of antenna products can find application in future VDES space‐based infrastructure.
New Hybrid (E)‐4‐((pyren‐1‐ylmethylene)amino)‐N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide as a Potential Drug Candidate: Spectroscopy, TD‐DFT, NBO, FMO, and MEP Studies**
Authors: Erdoğan Musa , Serdaroğlu Goncagül 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel pyrene‐sulfathiazole‐based potential drug candidate 3 was designed, successfully synthesized by a condensation reaction of pyrenecarboxaldehyde (1) with sulfathiazole (2) in good yield, and fully characterized by NMR, IR, UV‐Vis, and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. The TD‐DFT/B3LYP calculations displayed that the recorded peaks at 396, 377, 280, and 236 nm were due to the mainly n‐π* and partially π‐π* transitions that occurred on pyrene, azomethine, and sulfathiazole moieties. The NBO results disclosed that the electron delocalizations happened onto sulfathiazole, aromatic rings (pyrene and Ph‐), and azomethine groups had the main responsibility of the lowering stabilization energy of compound 3. The NMR shifts were calculated by using the GIAO approaches in the DMSO phase and compared with the relevant data recorded. The thermodynamic and quantum chemical quantities were used for elucidating the physicochemical properties and reactivity behavior, in THF, DMSO, and water simulation environments. Accordingly, the calculated DM (D) and α (au) order of compound 3 were calculated in the order of vacuum<THF<DMSO<water, which indicated that the stability and thus reactivity of the compound strongly depended on the solvent environment. The FMO studies implied that the electron‐donating possibility of compound 3 was dominant to the electron‐accepting potency. In this work, the SMD version of IEFPCM was used in solvent media simulations.
Flexible Sandwich‐Structured Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Nanocomposite Films with Excellent Thermal Conductivities
Authors: Zhang Yali , Ruan Kunpeng , Gu Junwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development and popularization of smart, portable, and wearable flexible electronic devices, urgent demands have been raised for flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films to solve related electromagnetic pollution problems. With polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as polymer matrix, the sandwich‐structured EMI shielding nanocomposite films are prepared via electrospinning‐laying‐hot pressing technology, where Fe3O4/PVA composite electrospun nanofibers in the top and bottom layers and Ti3C2Tx/PVA composite electrospun nanofibers in the middle layer. Owing to the electrospinning process and the successful construction of the sandwich structure, when the amounts of Ti3C2Tx and Fe3O4 are respectively only 13.3 and 26.7 wt%, the EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the sandwich‐structured EMI shielding nanocomposite films reach 40 dB with the thickness of 75 µm, higher than that of (Fe3O4/Ti3C2Tx)/PVA EMI shielding nanocomposite films (21 dB) prepared based on blending‐electrospinning‐hot pressing process under the same amounts of fillers. Furthermore, the prepared sandwich‐structured EMI shielding nanocomposite films possess excellent thermal conductivities and mechanical properties. This novel kind of flexible sandwich‐structured EMI shielding nanocomposite films with excellent EMI shielding performances, thermal conductivities, and mechanical properties presents broad application prospects in the fields of EMI shielding and protection for high‐power, portable, and wearable flexible electronic devices.
A Durable Ni–Zn Microbattery with Ultrahigh‐Rate Capability Enabled by In Situ Reconstructed Nanoporous Nickel with Epitaxial Phase
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Kan Ruyu , Wu Peijie , Ma Yao , Wang Zhaoyang , Yu Ruohan , Liao Xiaobin , Wu Jinsong , He Liang , Hu Song , Mai Liqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPowering device for miniaturized electronics is highly desired with well‐maintained capacity and high‐rate performance. Though Ni–Zn microbattery can meet the demand to some extent with intrinsic fast kinetic, it still suffers irreversible structure degradation due to the repeated lattice strain. Herein, a stable Ni–Zn microbattery with ultrahigh‐rate performance is rationally constructed through in situ electrochemical approaches, including the reconstruction of nanoporous nickel and the introduction of epitaxial Zn(OH)2 nanophase. With the enhanced ionic adsorption effect, the superior reactivity of the superficial nickel‐based nanostructure is well stabilized. Based on facile miniaturization and electrochemical techniques, the fabricated nickel microelectrode exhibits 63.8% capacity retention when the current density is 500 times folded, and the modified hydroxides contribute to the great stability of the porous structure (92% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). Furthermore, when the constructed Ni–Zn microbattery is measured in a practical metric, excellent power density (320.17 mW cm−2) and stable fast‐charging performance (over 90% capacity retention in 3500 cycles) are obtained. This surface reconstruction strategy for nanostructure provides a new direction for the optimization of electrode structure and enriches high‐performance output units for integrated microelectronics.
Synergistic Function via Amorphous and Nanoscale Polarization Heterogeneous Regions in (1−x)BaTiO3‐xBi(Ni0.5Zr0.5)O3 Thin Film with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capability and Stability
Authors: Huang Rui , Wang Hongye , Tao Cheng , Cao Minghe , Hao Hua , Yao Zhonghua , Liu Hanxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDielectric film capacitors are considered as potential candidates for advanced power electronics technology due to their extremely high‐power densities and outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, but the further improvement of energy storage density is still needed. Here, a strategy is proposed to enhance the energy storage properties by introducing nanoscale polarization regions into amorphous films, which can significantly improve the maximum polarization and maintain a high breakdown strength. The (1−x)BaTiO3‐xBi(Ni0.5Zr0.5)O3 ((1−x)BT‐xBNZ) thin films are fabricated by the sol–gel method and the amorphous films with nanoscale polarization regions are obtained by adjusting the preparation process. Consistent with the conjecture, amorphous phase and nanoscale polarization regions in the (1−x)BT‐xBNZ films are clearly observed by electron diffraction. Results show that giant recoverable energy density of 103.7 J cm−3 with high energy efficiency of 88.3% are simultaneously achieved at 8.3 MV cm−1 in 0.92BT‐0.08BNZ thin films. Furthermore, the 0.92BT‐0.08BNZ thin film exhibits excellent thermal stability in a wide temperature range of 20–200 °C, ∆Wrec/Wrec20 °C < 2.2%. This work provides a novel method for dielectric thin film capacitors applied in high temperature and electric field.
„Ein zu internationaler Berühmtheit gelangter Forscher und Arzt“: Otfrid Foerster (1873–1941) als Nobelpreiskandidat
Authors: Palmen Lotte , Eisenberg Ulrike , Karenberg Axel , Fangerau Heiner , Hansson Nils 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit den Nobelpreisnominierungen für den Neurologen und Neurochirurgen Otfrid Foerster (1873–1941). Foerster wurde 17 Mal für den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin nominiert. Aufbauend auf Akten des Stockholmer Nobelpreisarchives, Primär- und Sekundärliteratur wird auf folgende Fragen eingegangen: Welche Gründe gab es für Foersters Nominierungen? Wie sah die Beziehung zwischen ihm und seinen Nominatoren aus? Warum hat er letztlich den Nobelpreis nicht erhalten? Das Gros der Nominatoren für Foerster hob als Hauptmotiv sein gemeinsam mit Oswald Bumke herausgegebenes Handbuch der Neurologie hervor. Den Nominatoren zufolge hatte Foerster mit diesem Handbuch einen enormen Einfluss auf die Neurologie seiner Zeit. Darüber hinaus wurde sein „ehrenvoller Charakter“ in den Nominierungsbriefen unterstrichen. Für das Nobelkomitee waren diese Begründungen jedoch nicht ausreichend: Die Mitglieder stuften das Handbuch nicht als originäre Forschungsleistung ein. Foersters Ruhm reicht trotzdem bis in die Gegenwart, etwa in Form einer seit 1953 von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie vergebenen Ehrung, die seinen Namen trägt (Otfrid-Foerster-Medaille).
Origin of Palaeoproterozoic, sub-seafloor Zn-Pb-Ag skarn deposits, Sala area, Bergslagen, Sweden
Authors: Jansson Nils F. , Allen Rodney L. , Skogsmo Göran , Turner Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnravelling the genesis of metamorphosed mineral deposits can be complicated due to difficulties in separating between primary features and features that formed during the metamorphic overprint. Such uncertainty exists for stratabound and dolomite- and skarn-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag sulfide deposits in 1.89 Ga rocks in the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit (BLU) of Sweden, where a metasomatic vs. regional metamorphic origin for skarns has long been discussed. By integrating geological mapping with new lithogeochemical, mineralogical, and stable isotope data (C, O, S), we show that complexly zoned garnet and clinopyroxene skarns in the Sala area of the central BLU predate mineralization. Sphalerite-galena mineralization formed after the deposition of a younger, more Mn-rich ferroan diopside and andradite-grossular garnet, and is associated with phlogopite, tremolite-actinolite, chlorite, serpentine, and calcite. Mineralization in conjunction with a transition from high-T metasomatism to hydrolytic alteration is inferred. An average δ34SV-CDT of 1.6 ± 1.9‰ in sulfides is consistent with a primordial sulfur source. Trends defined by negative shifts in δ18OV-SMOW and δ13CV-PDB in dolomite and calcite are consistent with fluid infiltration at 300–500 °C. The alteration system is sharply truncated by unaltered, c. 1.89 Ga calc-alkaline granite and porphyritic intrusions, which along with F1 folding of the alteration zones and mineralization suggest that mineralization predate regional metamorphism. The Sala deposits are interpreted as Zn skarn deposits formed in conjunction with the emplacement of intrusions into penecontemporaneous marine volcanic and dolomitized limestone strata. The unusually Mg-rich mineralogy in relation to Zn skarns worldwide most likely reflects the dolomitic precursor.
Development of an empirical process model for adjusted porosity in laser-based powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Emminghaus Nicole , Paul Johanna , Hoff Christian , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA promising approach to address the mismatch of bone and implant stiffness, leading to the stress-shielding phenomenon, is the application of functionally graded materials with adjusted porosity. Although defect formation and porosity in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) are already widely investigated, so far there is little research on the influences and parameter interactions regarding the pore characteristics. This work therefore aims to provide an empirical process model for the generation of gas porosity in the PBF-LB process of Ti-6Al-4V. Parts with closed locally adjusted porosity of $\sim $
∼
6 % achieved through gaseous pores instead of lack of fusion defects or lattice structures were built by PBF-LB. Parameter variation and evaluation of relative density, pore size and sphericity was done in accordance with the design of experiments approach. A parameter set for maximum gas porosity (laser power of 189 W, scanning speed of 375 mm/s, hatch spacing of 150 μm) was determined for a constant layer thickness of 30 μm and a spot diameter of 35 μm. Tensile tests were conducted with specimens consisting of a core with maximum gas porosity or lack of fusion porosity, respectively, and a dense skin as well as fully dense specimens. Whereas lack of fusion defects can lead to significant reduction of stiffness of 32.2 %, the elastic modulus remained unchanged at 110.0 GPa when implementing spherical pores. Nevertheless, the found superior strength and ductility of specimens with gas porous core (> 1100 MPa and > 0.05 mm/mm, respectively) underline the advantages of adjusted porosity for the application in functionally graded materials and lightweight applications.
Manual medicine, manual therapy
Authors: Locher Hermann , Beyer Lothar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractManual medicine is the medical discipline that deals with diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of reversible functional disturbances in the locomotor system and other related organ systems. The current article illustrates neuroanatomical and neurophysiological fundamentals of the mechanisms of manual diagnostics and treatment. Based on the recent literature and consideration of different scientifically based clinical guidelines, the evidence-based effectiveness of manual therapeutic procedures is presented. Acute and chronic low back pain, cervicogenic headache, neck and shoulder pain, radicular arm pain, dysfunctional thoracic pain syndromes, diseases of the rotator cuff, carpal tunnel syndrome, and plantar fasciitis are included. Clinical case studies illustrate the clinical procedures. The term, the origin, and the clinical presence of “osteopathy” are addressed in detail, and the national and international societies of manual medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Manuelle Medizin [DGMM], European Scientific Society of Manual Medicine [ESSOMM], Fédération Internationale de Medicine Manuelle [FIMM]) are portrayed lexically. Finally, contraindications to manual intervention are presented and an outlook on the requirements and possibilities of scientific pain analysis is given in accordance with the preamble of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (GSOOC) guidelines on specific low back pain.
Tendon transfer in foot drop: a systematic review
Authors: Stevoska Stella , Pisecky Lorenz , Stadler Christian , Gahleitner Manuel , Klasan Antonio , Klotz Matthias C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Foot drop is a disorder that impairs walking and leads to tripping and falling. Tendon transfer (e.g., tibialis posterior tendon) is a typical secondary procedure in foot drop treatment. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the most common tendon transfer techniques for treating foot drop and to analyze the reported functional outcomes. Furthermore, it was of interest if the type of surgical technique affects the functional outcome.

Methods
A PubMed and MEDLINE literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The search terms used were (“tendon transfer” OR “tendon transposition”) AND (“foot drop” OR “peroneal neuropathies”). Any study published before January 2020 was considered for inclusion. No case reports or reviews were included. Common outcome measures (Stanmore score, AOFAS, FAAM, AFO use, patient satisfaction and active ankle dorsiflexion) were evaluated. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Coleman Methodology Score.

Results
Of the 125 reviewed publications, 37 met the inclusion criteria. 42 cohorts were analyzed. The frequently reported tendon transfer technique was the tibialis posterior tendon transfer through the interosseus membrane. The most used fixation technique was tendon on tendon fixation; however in recent years, a tendon to bone fixation has gained popularity. There was an increase in Stanmore scores and AOFAS postoperatively and a decrease of AFO use postoperatively observed.

Conclusions
Due to various outcome measures and lack of preoperative assessment in the included studies, a meta-analysis of the pooled results was not possible. Nevertheless, the findings of this study show that tendon transfer increases mobility and self-independency leading to patient satisfaction. The choice of the surgical technique does not affect the outcome. A prospective collection of patient data and standardized outcome measures will be important to further analyze the efficacy of tendon transfer techniques.