bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder from the general population: A review of the scientific literature and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Girela‐Serrano Braulio M. , Guerrero‐Jiménez Margarita , Spiers Alexander D. V. , Gutiérrez‐Rojas Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is substantial evidence of the high prevalence of obesity (OB) and overweight (OW) and their association with increased medical and psychiatric burden among adults with bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known regarding its prevalence among young people with BD, other than the risk from psychotropic medication, which has been the focus of research in this population. We present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature on prevalence and correlates of OB and OW children and adolescents with BD using a different perspective than impact of medication. Four studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of OB in children and adolescents with BD was 15% (95% CI 11–20%). We observed a higher prevalence of OB in comparison to the general population. Different studies found significant associations between OB, OW, and BD in young populations including non‐Caucasian race, physical abuse, suicide attempts, self‐injurious behaviours, psychotropic medication, and psychiatric hospitalizations.
Conventional chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in older adults: Impact on nutritional, cognitive, and functional status
Authors: Jouzier Claire , Hamel Jean‐François , Dumas Pierre‐Yves , Delaunay Jacques , Bonmati Caroline , Guièze Romain , Hunault Mathilde , Banos Anne , Lioure Bruno , Béné Marie‐Christine , Ianotto Jean‐Christophe , Ojeda‐Uribe Mario , Paul Franciane , Bernard Marc , Jourdan Eric , Zerazhi Hacène , Vey Norbert , Ifrah Norbert , Recher Christian , Pigneux Arnaud , Cahn Jean‐Yves ,   the French Innovative Leukemia Organization
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of conventional treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on the nutritional, cognitive, and functional status of elderly patients is seldom studied. This assessment was performed in the context of the LAMSA 2007 trial.MethodsThe trial enrolled 424 patients with de novo AML. Among them, 316 benefited from geriatric assessment (GA) including nutritional, cognitive, and functional status and were scored according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and sorror for the prediction of treatment toxicity, morbidity, and mortality. Patients were investigated at diagnosis for three times during follow‐up.ResultsThis study showed that AML and its treatment have no impact on cognitive (P = .554) nor functional status (P = .842 for Activity of Daily Living and P = .087 for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). The nutritional status improved over time (P = .041). None of these three parameters at baseline, associated or not with ECOG and sorror scores, impacted survivals or toxicities.ConclusionsThe cognitive, functional, and nutritional status had no impact in this cohort of fit elderly AML patients without unfavorable cytogenetics. The GA tools used provided no additional information compared with ECOG and sorror scores, to predict toxicity, morbidity, or mortality due to intensive chemotherapy.
Moral blame and rational criticism
Authors: Strandberg Caj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA central issue in practical philosophy concerns the relation between moral blameworthiness and normative reasons. As there has been little of direct exchange between the debate on reasons and the debate on blameworthiness, this topic has not received the attention it deserves. In this paper, I consider two notions about blameworthiness and reasons that are fundamental in respective field. The two notions might seem incontrovertible when considered individually, but I argue that they together entail claims that are highly contentious. In particular, I maintain that they entail unreasonable and contradictory claims since the practices of moral blame and rational criticism diverge with regard to three dimensions: justification, response, and function. Thus, we need to give up one of the principal notions. The solutions to this puzzle suggest that the connection between reasons and rationality is weaker than standardly presumed in metaethics.
Defining the latent period of epileptogenesis and epileptogenic zone in a focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) rat model
Authors: Kao Hsin‐Yi , Hu Shuntong , Mihaylova Temenuzhka , Ziobro Julie , Ahn EunSeon , Fine Carli , Brang David , Watson Brendon O. , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

SummaryObjectivesFocal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) is one of the most common underlying pathologies in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, mechanistic understanding of FCDII fails to keep pace with genetic discoveries, primarily due to the significant challenge in developing a clinically relevant animal model. Conceptually and clinically important questions, such as the unknown latent period of epileptogenesis and the controversial epileptogenic zone, remain unknown in all experimental FCDII animal models, making it even more challenging to investigate the underlying epileptogenic mechanisms.MethodsIn this study, we used continuous video‐electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring to detect the earliest interictal and ictal events in a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐in utero electroporation (IUE) FCDII rat model that shares genetic, pathological, and electroclinical signatures with those observed in humans. We then took advantage of in vivo local field potential (LFP) recordings to localize the epileptogenic zone in these animals.ResultsTo the best of our knowledge, we showed for the first time that epileptiform discharges emerged during the third postnatal week, and that the first seizure occurred as early as during the fourth postnatal week. We also showed that both interictal and ictal discharges are localized within the dysplastic cortex, concordant with human clinical data.SignificanceTogether, our work identified the temporal and spatial frame of epileptogenesis in a highly clinically relevant FCDII animal model, paving the way for mechanistic studies at molecular, cellular, and circuitry levels.
First‐line antiepileptic drug treatment in glioma patients with epilepsy: Levetiracetam vs valproic acid
Authors: van der Meer Pim B. , Dirven Linda , Fiocco Marta , Vos Maaike J. , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C. M. , van den Bent Martin J. , Taphoorn Martin J. B. , Koekkoek Johan A. F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at estimating the cumulative incidence of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment failure of first‐line monotherapy levetiracetam vs valproic acid in glioma patients with epilepsy.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, a competing risks model was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of treatment failure, from AED treatment initiation, for the two AEDs with death as a competing event. Patients were matched on baseline covariates potentially related to treatment assignment and outcomes of interest according to the nearest neighbor propensity score matching technique. Maximum duration of follow‐up was 36 months.ResultsIn total, 776 patients using levetiracetam and 659 using valproic acid were identified. Matching resulted in two equal groups of 429 patients, with similar covariate distribution. The cumulative incidence of treatment failure for any reason was significantly lower for levetiracetam compared to valproic acid (12 months: 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29%–38%] vs 50% [95% CI 45%–55%]; P < .001). When looking at specific reasons of treatment failure, treatment failure due to uncontrolled seizures was significantly lower for levetiracetam compared to valproic acid (12 months: 16% [95% CI 12%–19%] vs 28% [95% CI 23%–32%]; P < 0.001), but no differences were found for treatment failure due to adverse effects (12 months: 14% [95% CI 11%–18%] vs 15% [95% CI 11%–18%]; P = .636).SignificanceOur results suggest that levetiracetam may have favorable efficacy compared to valproic acid, whereas level of toxicity seems similar. Therefore, levetiracetam seems to be the preferred choice for first‐line AED treatment in patients with glioma.
Circulating tumor DNA by high‐throughput sequencing of T cell receptor monitored treatment response and predicted treatment failure in T cell lymphomas
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Wei , Han Xiao , Gan Yulai , Qian Long , Zhang Yan , Zhang Chunliu , Wang Yuqi , Guan Yanfang , Yang Ling , Zhou Daobin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionNext‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection is a promising monitoring tool for lymphoid malignancies. Studies for T cell lymphoma are limited.MethodsWe explored whether this technology is applicable to T cell lymphoma with different subtypes and assessed its performance in clinical settings.ResultsThirty tumor and 74 blood samples were analyzed in our study. Malignant clone was identified in 23 of the 30 (76.7%) tumor samples through high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) combined with PCR. We detected the same tumor clone in plasma in 18out of the 23 (78.3%) patients. Circulating tumor DNA fraction correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = .52, P = .017), high level of ctDNA predicted treatment failure (P = .0003) and there was a trend patients with high ctDNA burden would have poorer PFS Furthermore, ctDNA changed in concordance with clinical outcome and was more sensitive than PET/CT. Also, recurrence of ctDNA was an important clue for relapse.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study indicated that ctDNA monitoring was suitable for T cell lymphoma. High level of pretreatment ctDNA was a poor prognosis factor and changes of ctDNA correlated well with clinical courses and was sensitive to find early relapse.
Whole‐genome resequencing reveals persistence of forest‐associated mammals in Late Pleistocene refugia along North America’s North Pacific Coast
Authors: Colella Jocelyn P. , Lan Tianying , Talbot Sandra L. , Lindqvist Charlotte , Cook Joseph A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimNumerous glacial refugia have been hypothesized along North America's North Pacific Coast that may have increased divergence of refugial taxa, leading to elevated endemism and subsequently clustered hybrid zones following deglaciation. The locations and community composition of these ice‐free areas remains controversial, but whole‐genome sequences now enable detailed analysis of the demographic and evolutionary histories of refugial taxa. Here, we use genomic data to test spatial and temporal processes of diversification among martens with respect to the Coastal Refugium Hypothesis, to understand the role of climate cycling in shaping diversity across complex landscapes.LocationNorth America and North Pacific Coast archipelagos.TaxonNorth American martens (Martes).MethodsShort‐read whole‐genome resequencing data were generated for 11 martens: fourM. americana, fourM. caurina, two hybrids, and one outgroup (Martes zibellina). Sampling was representative of known genetic clades within New World martens, including sampling within insular and continental hybrid zones and along the North Pacific Coast (five island populations).ADMIXTURE, F‐statistics, andD‐statistics (ABBA‐BABA) were used to identify introgression and infer directionality. Heterozygosity densities, estimated via PSMC, were used to characterize historical demography at and below the species level to infer refugial and colonization processes.ResultsForest‐associated Pacific martens (M. caurina) are divided into distinct insular and continental clades consistent with the Coastal Refugium Hypothesis. There was no evidence of introgression on islands that received historical translocations of American pine martens (M. americana), but introgression was detected in two active zones of secondary contact: one insular and one continental. Only early‐generational hybrids were identified across multiple hybrid zones, a pattern consistent with potential genetic swamping ofM. caurinabyM. americana.Main conclusionsDespite an incomplete fossil record, genomic evidence supports the persistence of forest‐associated martens, likely the insular Pacific marten lineage, along the western edges of the Alexander Archipelago during the Last Glacial Maximum. This discovery informs our understanding of refugial paleoenvironments, critical to interpreting refugial timing, duration, and community composition. Genomic reevaluations of other taxa along North America's North Pacific Coast may yield new and deeper perspectives on the history of refugial forest communities and the role of dynamic climate shifts in shaping high‐latitude diversity across complex insular landscapes.
S100A9 induces nucleus pulposus cell degeneration through activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Song , Su Qihang , Wen Junxiang , Zhu Kai , Tan Jun , Fu Qiang , Sun Guixin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOxidative stress in the lumbar disc leads to the degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In this study, we delineated a key calcium‐binding protein, S100A9, which was induced by oxidative stress and was highly expressed in the degenerative NP. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting revealed that S100A9 induced NP cell apoptosis in vitro by up‐regulating the expression of pro‐apoptotic markers, including cleaved caspase‐3, cytochrome c and Bax. Moreover, RT‐PCR analyses revealed that the expression of S100A9 caused NP matrix degradation by up‐regulating the expression of matrix degradation enzymes and increased the inflammatory response by up‐regulating cytokine expression. Therefore, S100A9 induced NP cell degeneration by exerting pro‐apoptotic, pro‐degradation and pro‐inflammatory effects. The detailed mechanism underlying S100A9‐induced NP degeneration was explored by administering SC75741, a specific NF‐κB inhibitor in vitro. We concluded that S100A9 induced NP cell apoptosis, caused matrix degradation and amplified the inflammatory response through the activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Inhibition of these pro‐apoptotic, pro‐degradation and pro‐inflammatory effects induced by S100A9 in NP may be a favourable therapeutic strategy to slow lumbar disc degeneration.
Phylogenetic relationships and ecological niche conservatism in killifish (Profundulidae) in Mesoamerica
Authors: Calixto‐Rojas Miguel , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Rubio‐Godoy Miguel , Pérez‐Ponce de León Gerardo , Pinacho‐Pinacho Carlos D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe family Profundulidae is a group of small‐sized fish species distributed between southern Mexico and Honduras, where they are frequently the only fish representatives at higher elevations in the basins where they occur. We characterized their ecological niche using different methods and metrics drawn from niche modelling and by re‐examining phylogenetic relationships of a recently published molecular phylogeny of this family to gain a better understanding of its biogeographic and evolutionary history. We assessed both lines of evidence from the perspective of niche conservatism to set a foundation for discussing hypotheses about the processes underlying the distribution and evolution of the group. In fish clades where the species composition is not clear, we examined whether niche classification could be informative to discriminate groups geographically and ecologically consistent with any of the different hypotheses of valid species. The characterization of the ecological niche was carried out using the Maxent algorithm under different parameterizations and the projection of the presence on the main components of the most relevant environmental coverage, and the niche comparison was calculated with two indices (D and I), both in environmental space and in that projected geographically. With the molecular data, a species tree was generated using the *BEAST method. The comparison of these data was calculated with an age‐overlap correlation test. Based on the molecular phylogeny and on niche overlap analyses, we uncovered strong evidence to support the idea that ecologically similar species are not necessarily sister species. The correlation analysis for genetic distance and niche overlap was not significant (P > 0.05). In clades with taxonomic conflicts, we only identified Profundulus oaxacae as a geographically and ecologically distinct group from P. punctatus. All the evidence considered leads us to propose that Profundulidae do not show evidence of niche conservatism and that there are reasons to consider P. oaxacae as a valid species. Our study suggests that niche divergence is a driving evolutionary force that caused the diversification and speciation processes of the Profundulidae, along with the geological and climatic events that promoted the expansion or contraction of suitable environments.
Do self‐reported hearing and visual impairments predict longitudinal dementia in older adults?
Authors: Pabst Alexander , Bär Jonathan , Röhr Susanne , Löbner Margrit , Kleineidam Luca , Heser Kathrin , Hajek André , van der Leeden Carolin , Wiese Birgitt , Maier Wolfgang , Angermeyer Matthias C. , Scherer Martin , Wagner Michael , König Hans‐Helmut , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSensory impairments have been associated with dementia in older adults. However, the contribution of different impairments and how they interact in the development of dementia is not clear. We examined the independent and interaction effects of hearing impairment (HI) and visual impairment (VI) on incident dementia.DesignMulti‐centric population‐based prospective cohort study.SettingData were taken from the AgeDifferent.de platform, pooling participants aged 75 and older from the German LEILA75+ and AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohorts.ParticipantsOlder adults (N = 3497) with mean age 79.8 years, 67.2% female.MeasurementsStandardized interviews and questionnaires were used to assess self‐reported HI and VI at baseline and all‐cause dementia in 9 follow‐ups, spanning over 20 years.MethodsCompeting risk regression models were conducted to test the main and interaction effects of HI and VI on dementia incidence, adjusting for established risk factors of dementia and accumulated mortality.ResultsHI and VI at baseline were reported by 30.3% and 16.6% of individuals, respectively. Adjusting for baseline information on sociodemographics, substance use, cognitive functioning and morbidity, and controlling for accumulated mortality risk, HI (sHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.30, p = 0.011) but not VI (sHR 1.07, 95% CI 0.90–1.28, p = 0.462) was significantly associated with incident dementia. There was no interaction between HI and VI (sHR 1.09, 95% CI 0.81–1.46, p = 0.567).ConclusionsHearing impairment is associated with an increased incidence of all‐cause dementia in older adults. There is no excess risk or risk compensation through the additional presence or absence of visual impairment. Early prevention measures for hearing impairment might help to reduce the long‐term risk of dementia.
Practicing Emotionally Focused Therapy online: Calling all relationships
Authors: Allan Robert , Wiebe Stephanie A. , Johnson Susan M. , Piaseckyj Olena , Campbell T. Leanne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the midst of a global pandemic, couples are dealing a range of impacts that call for a cohesive unit while the virus frays at the edges of our most important relationships. Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) is an evidence‐based approach to working with relationships rooted in attachment theory. As a process‐oriented psychotherapy, EFT is an ideal approach to working with relationships during this pandemic helping to solidify an “in it together” approach required to survive both as a couple and the pandemic. In this paper, we briefly review the adaptations for moving a couple therapy practice online through an EFT lens, drawing on an EFT macro‐intervention called the “Tango” as a focus in this process. We conclude the paper with a case example providing the reader with an illustration of the process and ideas for what to pay attention to when working online with a couple from an EFT perspective.
A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs
Authors: Quitt Pia R. , Brühschwein Andreas , Matiasek Kaspar , Wielaender Franziska , Karkamo Veera , Hytönen Marjo K. , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Dengler Berett , Leeb Tosso , Lohi Hannes , Fischer Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundShaking puppy syndrome is commonly attributed to abnormal myelination of the central nervous system.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo report the long‐term clinical course and the imaging characteristics of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs.Animals and MethodsThree related litters with 11 affected dogs.ResultsThe 11 affected dogs experienced coarse, side‐to‐side tremors of the head and trunk, which interfered with normal goal‐oriented movements and disappeared at rest. Signs were noticed shortly after birth. Nine dogs were euthanized, 3 dogs underwent pathological examination, and 2 littermates were raised by their breeder. Tremors improved gradually until 6 to 7 months of age. Adult dogs walked with severe residual pelvic limb ataxia. One dog developed epilepsy with tonic‐clonic seizures at 15 months of age. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed homogenous hyperintense signal of the entire subcortical white matter in 3 affected 7‐week‐old dogs and a hypointense signal in a presumably unaffected littermate. Subcortical white matter appeared isointense to gray matter at 15 and 27 weeks of age on repeated MRI. Abnormal white matter signal with failure to display normal gray‐white matter contrast persisted into adulthood. Cerebellar arbor vitae was not visible at any time point. Clinical signs, MRI findings, and pathological examinations were indicative of a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. All parents of the affected litters shared a common ancestor and relatedness of the puppies suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.ConclusionWe describe a novel hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs with a suspected inherited origin.
Shape and porosity of refractory inclusions in CV3 chondrites: A micro‐computed tomography (µCT) study
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Clark Brett , King Ashley J. , Russell Sara S. , Lin Yangting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRefractory calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) in chondritic meteorites are the earliest solids of our solar system, bearing the information of nebular condensation as well as accretion and asteroidal shock and metasomatism processes. While the compositions of refractory inclusions have been intensely studied for ~50 years, their physical properties such as shape and porosity are poorly constrained. Here, we present a microcomputed tomography (µCT) study on 16 refractory inclusions of condensate origin in five CV3 chondrites. We find that they are prolate or triaxial in shape with very rough morphologies. The CAIs have nodular textures and are thought to form by agglomerating individual nodules via collision‐induced bouncing and/or fragmentation, where the nodules were grown by gas–solid reactions during condensation. On the parent body, refractory inclusions from the CVR meteorite Leoville experienced intense shocks that led to the flattening of their shapes and lowering of their porosities. High‐temperature metasomatism in CVOxA meteorites and low‐temperature metasomatism in CVOxB meteorites do not seem to have large effects on the porosities of their refractory inclusions, which have similar ranges and pore‐size distributions. Instead, we infer that their pores are mostly inherited from the gas–solid condensation and subsequent agglomeration processes. The porosities of CAIs are higher than those of AOAs, which is mainly due to the high‐temperature sintering process of AOAs.