bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining Aerosol Phase Function Using Dual‐View Geostationary Satellites
Authors: Bian Qijing , Kreidenweis Sonia , Chiu J. Christine , Miller Steven D. , Xu Xiaoguang , Wang Jun , Kahn Ralph A. , Limbacher James A. , Remer Lorraine A. , Levy Robert C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPassive satellite observations play an important role in monitoring global aerosol properties and helping quantify aerosol radiative forcing in the climate system. The quality of aerosol retrievals from the satellite platform relies on well‐calibrated radiance measurements from multiple spectral bands, and the availability of appropriate particle optical models. Inaccurate scattering phase function assumptions can introduce large retrieval errors. The high‐spatial resolution, dual‐view observations from the advanced baseline imagers onboard the two most recent geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES), East and West, provide a unique opportunity to better constrain the aerosol phase function. Using dual GOES reflectance measurements for a dust event in the Gulf of Mexico in 2019, we demonstrate how a first‐guess phase function can be reconstructed by considering the variations in observed scattering angles throughout the day. Using the reconstructed phase function, aerosol optical depth retrievals from the two satellites are self‐consistent and agree well with surface‐based optical depth estimates. We evaluate our methodology and reconstructed phase function against independent retrievals made from low‐Earth‐orbit multi‐angle observations for a different dust event in 2020. Our new aerosol optical depth retrievals have a root‐mean‐square‐difference of 0.019–0.047. Furthermore, the retrievals between the two geostationary satellites for this case agree within about 0.059 ± 0.072, as compared to larger discrepancies between the operational GOES products at times, which do not employ the dual‐view technique.
Low‐Level Jet Climatology of China Derived From Long‐Term Radiosonde Observations
Authors: Yan Yan , Cai Xuhui , Wang Xuesong , Miao Yucong , Song Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow‐level jets (LLJs) play important roles in the transport of heat, energy, moisture, and air pollutants. The climatic characteristics of the LLJ over China remain poorly investigated due to the lack of long‐term appropriate measurements. In this study, we obtained a climatology of LLJs over China using newly available, long‐term radiosonde observations from 2011 to 2017. We identified six regions in China with high‐frequency LLJs, which are centered in the Western Inner Mongolia, Yungui Plateau, and Huaihe River Basin, as well as Tarim Basin, Southeast Coast and Northeast Plain. The LLJ occurrence frequency ranged from 26.8% to 33.5%, with clear seasonal variation. LLJs were most frequent in spring and autumn in eastern China, in spring and summer in northwest China, and in autumn and winter along the Southeast Coast. LLJs were associated with stronger southwesterly winds on the Northeast Plain (∼17.0 m s−1), but with weak northeasterly winds in the Tarim Basin and Southeast Coast (∼14 m s−1). Most LLJs occurred at the heights of under the 500 m above the ground level excluding those on the Yungui Plateau. Seasonal changes in LLJ wind direction and height were observed in south China, i.e., higher southwesterly LLJs in summer and lower northeasterly LLJs in other seasons, which is attributed to seasonal variation in the summer and winter monsoons. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the development and effects of LLJs over China.
Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Dissolved Carbon Concentration and Composition in Lake Michigan Tributaries
Authors: Berg Stephanie M. , Mooney Robert J. , McConville Megan B. , McIntyre Peter B. , Remucal Christina K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of many compounds and its composition dictates numerous reactions in the environment. Large lakes and marine coastlines receive DOM from watersheds that differ widely in their land cover, with potential implications for both the quantity and composition of carbon inputs. Seasonal variation in DOM quantity and composition may also differ among tributaries and be mediated by land cover. Here, we quantify spatially (i.e., among tributary) and seasonal variation in DOM concentration, DOM composition based on ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, and alkalinity across 101 tributaries of Lake Michigan, one of the world's largest lakes, using a synoptic sampling approach. Wetland land cover has the largest effect on DOM, producing high concentrations of DOM that are more aromatic and larger in apparent molecular weight. Seasonal variation is also pronounced, with concentrations and aromaticity of DOM peaking in fall across most tributaries. Watershed lithology and land cover both affect alkalinity, with higher values associated with the geography of carbonate bedrock and urbanized watersheds. Watershed land cover has a larger effect than season on all organic carbon parameters. However, seasonal variation is especially important for DOM composition. This disparity suggests that the environmental processing of DOM within river channels mediates its composition more than its concentrations. Considering the wide range of land cover and lithology around Lake Michigan and other large water bodies, accounting for both spatial and seasonal dynamics is essential for understanding controls on DOM delivery.
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Caregiver–Child Concordance Across Challenges, Readiness to Change, and Coping
Authors: Bieniak Keely H. , Koven Marissa L. , Bedree Helen , Tinkle Brad T. , Tran Susan T. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that results in physical symptoms, psychosocial challenges, and functional disability. Children with hEDS and their caregivers face challenges in managing the symptoms and associated impacts of the syndrome. Method: Mixed methods were utilized to allow children with hEDS and their caregivers to share challenges faced, effective coping strategies, and their readiness to engage in a self-management approach to treatment. As caregivers are frequently proxy reporters for their child’s experience, concordance between caregiver and child was assessed for each variable. Additionally, child outcomes were assessed in relation to caregiver–child concordance on readiness to engage in self-management. Results: Results suggest moderate concordance across dyads, with many dyads agreeing on the challenges presented by the physical consequences of hEDS but differing on beliefs regarding coping. There were small effect sizes indicating better child psychosocial functioning when dyads were concordant on readiness to engage in self-management. Conclusion: When making treatment recommendations, practitioners should consider differences and similarities between caregivers and children’s reported experiences with and beliefs about hEDS. Further, practitioner facilitation of family concordance on beliefs about hEDS may result in better outcomes for the child. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that youth with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and their caregivers tend to agree on the challenges hEDS presents, and their readiness to change their coping approach. However, they differ slightly in their go-to coping strategies. Thus, practitioners are encouraged to recognize where similarities and differences exist across caregiver and child experiences with and beliefs about hEDS when making treatment recommendations and to facilitate family alignment on these beliefs.
Radiationless anapole states in on-chip photonics
Authors: Díaz-Escobar Evelyn , Bauer Thomas , Pinilla-Cienfuegos Elena , Barreda Ángela I. , Griol Amadeu , Kuipers L. , Martínez Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh-index nanoparticles are known to support radiationless states called anapoles, where dipolar and toroidal moments interfere to inhibit scattering to the far field. In order to exploit the striking properties arising from these interference conditions in photonic integrated circuits, the particles must be driven in-plane via integrated waveguides. Here, we address the excitation of electric anapole states in silicon disks when excited on-chip at telecom wavelengths. In contrast to normal illumination, we find that the anapole condition—identified by a strong reduction of the scattering—does not overlap with the near-field energy maximum, an observation attributed to retardation effects. We experimentally verify the two distinct spectral regions in individual disks illuminated in-plane from closely placed waveguide terminations via far-field and near-field measurements. Our finding has important consequences concerning the use of anapole states and interference effects of other Mie-type resonances in high-index nanoparticles for building complex photonic integrated circuitry.
Prediction of insulin treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Eleftheriades Makarios , Chatzakis Christos , Papachatzopoulou Eftychia , Papadopoulos Vassilis , Lambrinoudaki Irene , Dinas Konstantinos , Chrousos George , Sotiriadis Alexandros 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The identification of pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) who will require insulin therapy, may modify their management to closer monitoring and probable early interventions. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model for the necessity of insulin treatment in women with GDM.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective cohort study. Data from 775 women diagnosed with GDM per the IADPSG criteria were analyzed using logistic regression and a machine learning algorithm, the Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Potential predictors routinely recorded at follow-up visits were tested and used for the development of the model. The resultant model was externally validated using the data from two different perinatology clinics.

Results
Preconceptional maternal BMI and morning fasting blood glucose levels at baseline and at 1 h during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were independent significant predictors for the treatment modality of GDM. Baseline blood glucose greater than 98 mg/dl and preconceptional maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) between 26 and 31 kg/height2 increased substantially the probability of insulin therapy (odds ratio [OR] 4.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 2.65–6.17 and 2.21, 95%CI 1.42–3.43, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) for the internal and external validation of the predictive model was 0.74 and 0.77, respectively.

Conclusions
A simple model based on maternal characteristics and the values of an OGTT can predict the need for insulin treatment with accuracy. Overweight women with an abnormal baseline blood glucose at OGTT are at high likelihood for insulin treatment.

Key message
Fifteen to 30% of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) require insulin therapy. Overweight women with baseline blood glucose greater than 98 mg/dl at OGTT are at increased risk for insulin treatment and close monitoring and increased physical exercise are required.
Déjà-vu? Neural and behavioural effects of the 5-HT4 receptor agonist, prucalopride, in a hippocampal-dependent memory task
Authors: de Cates Angharad N. , Wright Lucy C. , Martens Marieke A. G. , Gibson Daisy , Türkmen Cagdas , Filippini Nicola , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. , Murphy Susannah E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCognitive deficits commonly accompany psychiatric disorders but are often underrecognised, and difficult to treat. The 5-HT4 receptor is a promising potential treatment target for cognitive impairment because in animal studies 5-HT4 receptor agonists enhance hippocampal-dependent memory processes. To date, there has been little work translating these effects to humans. We tested whether short-term administration of the 5-HT4 partial agonist, prucalopride, modified behavioural and neural (fMRI) memory processing in 44 healthy human volunteers using an experimental medicine model. We found that participants who had received six days of prucalopride treatment were significantly better at recalling previously seen neutral images and distinguishing them from new images. At a neural level, prucalopride bilaterally increased hippocampal activity and activity in the right angular gyrus compared with placebo. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of 5-HT4-receptor activation for cognitive enhancement in humans, and support the potential of this receptor as a treatment target for cognitive impairment.
Mental health status and quality of life in close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the post-COVID-19 era: a comparative study
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jie , Zhang Shu-Fang , Li Wen , Zhang Ling , Cheung Teris , Tang Yi-Lang , Ng Chee H. , Yang Bing-Xiang , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClose contacts of those with COVID-19 (CC) may experience distress and long-lasting mental health effects. However, the mental health status and quality of life (QOL) in CC have not been adequately examined. This study examined the mental health status and QOL in CC during the post-COVID-19 period. This cross-sectional study comprised 1169 CC and 1290 who were non-close contacts (non-CC). Demographic data were collected; depression, fatigue, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and QOL were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 items (PHQ-9), fatigue numeric rating scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - 17 items (PCL-17), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to compare depressive symptoms, QOL, fatigue, and PTSS between the CC and non-CC groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent correlates for depression, fatigue, PTSS, and QOL in the CC group. Compared to the non-CC group, the CC group reported significantly more severe depression (F(1, 2458) = 5.58, p = 0.018) and fatigue (F(1, 2458) = 9.22, p = 0.002) in the post-COVID-19 period. No significant differences in PTSS and QOL between the CC and non-CC groups were found (F(1, 2458) = 2.93, p = 0.087 for PTSS; F(1, 2458) = 3.45, p = 0.064 for QOL). In the CC group, younger age, financial loss due to COVID-19, and perception of poor or fair health status were significantly associated with depression and fatigue, while frequent use of mass media was significantly associated with fatigue. In conclusion, close contacts of COVID-19 patients experienced high levels of depression and fatigue in the post-COVID-19 period. Due to the negative effects of depression and fatigue on daily functioning, early detection and timely interventions should be provided to this neglected population.
B-cell depletion abrogates immune mediated cytopenia and rejection of cord blood transplantation in Hurler syndrome
Authors: Nataraj R. , Hiwarkar P. , Bonney D. , Campbell H. , Jones S. , Deambrosis D. , Evans P. , Poulton K. , van Hasselt P. M. , Bierings MB. , Boelens J. J. , Lindemans C. A. , Wynn R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUmbilical cord blood is the preferred donor cell source for children with Inherited Metabolic disorders undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT), and its use has been associated with improved “engrafted survival” and higher donor chimerism compared to other cell sources. However, as in other pediatric cord blood transplants for non-malignant disease, immune-mediated cytopenia and primary graft failure limit its use, and the latter remains the commonest cause of death following cord blood transplant for non-malignant disease. We have previously shown an association between immune-mediated cytopenia and graft failure in inherited metabolic diseases suggesting that both immune-mediated cytopenia and graft failure could be mediated by antibodies from the residual recipient B cells. Since rituximab is effective in depletion of B cells and management of refractory immune-mediated cytopenia following HCT, we have added rituximab to the conditioning regimen. We studied 57 patients in 2 centers who received myeloablative conditioning for cord blood transplant in Hurler syndrome, and report a significant improvement in event-free survival with reduced incidence of graft failure and without any evidence of immune-mediated cytopenia in those patients that had received rituximab.
TGF-β-induced PLEK2 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating LCN2
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Chaoqi , Cheng Hong , Liu Chengming , Lu Zhiliang , Zheng Sufei , Wang Sihui , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a relatively unfavourable prognosis due to metastasis and chemoresistance. Our previous research established a comprehensive ESCC database (GSE53625). After analysing data from TCGA database and GSE53625, we found that PLEK2 predicted poor prognosis in ESCC. Moreover, PLEK2 expression was also related to the overall survival of ESCC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Repression of PLEK2 decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of ESCC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity and distant metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that TGF-β stimulated the process that Smad2/3 binds to the promoter sequences of PLEK2 and induced its expression. RNA-seq suggested LCN2 might a key molecular regulated by PLEK2. LCN2 overexpression in PLEK2 knockdown ESCC cells reversed the effects of decreased migration and invasion. In addition, TGF-β induced the expression of LCN2, but the effect disappeared when PLEK2 was knockdown. Moreover, AKT was phosphorylated in all regulatory processes. This study detected the major role of PLEK2 in driving metastasis and chemoresistance in ESCC by regulating LCN2, which indicates the potential use of PLEK2 as a biomarker to predict prognosis and as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
Metformin sensitises hepatocarcinoma cells to methotrexate by targeting dihydrofolate reductase
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Lu Hui , Sun Linchong , Chen Xin , Wei Haoran , Suo Caixia , Feng Junru , Yuan Mengqiu , Shen Shengqi , Jia Weidong , Wang Ying , Zhang Huafeng , Li Zijun , Zhong Xiuying , Gao Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetformin, the first-line drug for type II diabetes, has recently been considered an anticancer agent. However, the molecular target and underlying mechanism of metformin’s anti-cancer effects remain largely unclear. Herein, we report that metformin treatment increases the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells to methotrexate (MTX) by suppressing the expression of the one-carbon metabolism enzyme DHFR. We show that the combination of metformin and MTX blocks nucleotide metabolism and thus effectively inhibits cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, metformin not only transcriptionally represses DHFR via E2F4 but also promotes lysosomal degradation of the DHFR protein. Notably, metformin dramatically increases the response of patient-derived hepatocarcinoma organoids to MTX without obvious toxicity to organoids derived from normal liver tissue. Taken together, our findings identify an important role for DHFR in the suppressive effects of metformin on therapeutic resistance, thus revealing a therapeutically targetable potential vulnerability in hepatocarcinoma.
Severe cellular stress activates apoptosis independently of p53 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ho Cheng-Jung , Ko Huey-Jiun , Liao Tzu-Shao , Zheng Xiang-Ren , Chou Po-Hsu , Wang Li-Ting , Lin Ru-Wei , Chen Chung-Hwan , Wang Chihuei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractApoptosis induced by doxorubicin, bortezomib, or paclitaxel, targeting DNA, 26S proteasome, and microtubules respectively, was assessed in two osteosarcoma cells, p53 wild-type U2OS and p53-null MG63 cells. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis only occurred in U2OS, not in MG63. In contrast, bortezomib and paclitaxel could drive U2OS or MG63 toward apoptosis effectively, suggesting that apoptosis induced by bortezomib or paclitaxel is p53-independent. The expressions of Bcl2 family members such as Bcl2, Bcl-xl, and Puma could be seen in U2OS and MG63 cells with or without doxorubicin, bortezomib, or paclitaxel treatment. In contrast, another member, Bim, only could be observed in U2OS, not in MG63, under the same conditions. Bim knockdown did not affect the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in U2OS, suggested that a BH3-only protein other than Bim might participate in apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Using a BH3-mimetic, ABT-263, to inhibit Bcl2 or Bcl-xl produced a limited apoptotic response in U2OS and MG63 cells, suggesting that this BH3-mimetic cannot activate the Bax/Bak pathway efficiently. Significantly, ABT-263 enhanced doxorubicin- and bortezomib-induced apoptosis synergistically in U2OS and MG63 cells. These results implied that the severe cellular stress caused by doxorubicin or bortezomib might be mediated through a dual process to control apoptosis. Respectively, doxorubicin or bortezomib activates a BH3-only protein in one way and corresponding unknown factors in another way to affect mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, resulting in apoptosis. The combination of doxorubicin with ABT-263 could produce synergistic apoptosis in MG63 cells, which lack p53, suggesting that p53 has no role in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma. In addition, ABT-263 enhanced paclitaxel to induce moderate levels of apoptosis.
miR-539 activates the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway to promote ferropotosis in colorectal cancer by directly targeting TIPE
Authors: Yang Yan , Lin Zeyang , Han Zhaopu , Wu Zhengxin , Hua Jianyu , Zhong Rui , Zhao Ruidan , Ran Honggang , Qu Kaiyong , Huang Hongfei , Tang Huamei , Huang Jiyi , Liu Zhongchen , Hong Xuehui , Peng Zhihai , Zhuang Guohong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor that harms human health with a high recurrence rate. It has been reported that the expression of microRNA-539 (miR-539) is low in several types of cancer, including CRC. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8/TIPE) is highly expressed in CRC and promotes the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of CRC. However, the relationship between miR-539 and TIPE and the mechanisms by which they regulate the proliferation of CRC remain to be explored. We aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of miR-539 in CRC proliferation. Functionally, miR-539 can bind to and regulate the expression of TIPE, and miR-539 activates SAPK/JNK to downregulate the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and promote ferroptosis. Our data reveal the novel role of miR-539 in regulating ferroptosis in CRC via activation of the SAPK/JNK axis, providing new insight into the mechanism of abnormal proliferation in CRC and a novel potential therapeutic target for advanced CRC.