bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally competent social work in Arab–Palestinian locality welfare bureaus in Israel: Is it possible?
Authors: Ibrahim Mahajne , Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ethnic groups exist almost everywhere. Generally, each group is related to uniformly, although it may comprise several subgroups. An example is Israel’s Palestinian-Israeli population, which consists of three ethnic–religious subgroups: Muslims, Christians and Druze. They coexist in nearly all domains of life, but maintain separate schools and family law courts. Most of the professional literature on Palestinian-Israelis, especially in Israel, ignores their differences. This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews conducted in 2018, highlights this lacuna in the context of the demand for multicultural social work. Participants were forty-two male and female social workers—roughly one-third each Muslims, Christians and Druze—in welfare bureaus in ethnically–religiously mixed Palestinian-Israeli localities. The findings reveal that the ethnic–religious composition of the social workers in a locality does not reflect the ethnic–religious balance of the population. Despite the interviewees’ lack of formal ethnic–religious-sensitive knowledge, they displayed informal knowledge. Nevertheless, the different needs of the three ethnic–religious groups met with undifferentiated responses. The welfare bureaus prefer a uniform policy rather than recognising differences, impeding the advancement of inter-ethnic cultural competence. This article contributes to world knowledge regarding cultural competence and highlights the need for culturally competent skills that are sensitive also to ethnic–religious subgroups.
Same action, different meaning: neural substrates of action semantic meaning
Authors: Aberbach-Goodman Shahar , Buaron Batel , Mudrik Liad , Mukamel Roy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVoluntary actions are shaped by desired goals and internal intentions. Multiple factors, including the planning of subsequent actions and the expectation of sensory outcome, were shown to modulate kinetics and neural activity patterns associated with similar goal-directed actions. Notably, in many real-world tasks, actions can also vary across the semantic meaning they convey, although little is known about how semantic meaning modulates associated neurobehavioral measures. Here, we examined how behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures are modulated when subjects execute similar actions (button presses) for two different semantic meanings—to answer “yes” or “no” to a binary question. Our findings reveal that, when subjects answer using their right hand, the two semantic meanings are differentiated based on voxel patterns in the frontoparietal cortex and lateral-occipital complex bilaterally. When using their left hand, similar regions were found, albeit only with a more liberal threshold. Although subjects were faster to answer “yes” versus “no” when using their right hand, the neural differences cannot be explained by these kinetic differences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing that semantic meaning is embedded in the neural representation of actions, independent of alternative modulating factors such as kinetic and sensory features.
Incidence of inpatient cases with mental disorders due to use of cannabinoids in Germany: a nationwide evaluation
Authors: Gahr Maximilian , Ziller Julia , Keller Ferdinand , Muche Rainer , Preuss Ulrich W , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Quantitative (e.g. increasing recreational cannabinoid use) and qualitative (e.g. increasing availability and use of synthetic cannabinoids and cannabis preparations with increased tetrahydrocannabinol content) changes in cannabinoid use may be associated with changes in the prevalence of cannabinoid-related mental and behavioural disorders and, accordingly, changes in the need for medical care. We aimed to investigate if there are changes in the number of inpatient cases (ICs) due to cannabinoid-related disorders in Germany.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis) and comprised type and number of hospital main diagnoses (according to ICD-10) of all ICs in Germany in the period 2000–18. Linear trend analysis of absolute and relative annual frequencies (AFs) of ICs with diagnoses related to the use of cannabinoids (DRUCs), and, as controls, alcohol-related psychiatric disorders and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders was performed.

Results
Absolute AFs of ICs with DRUCs increased statistically significantly (P&lt;0.0001, trend analysis) in Germany between 2000 and 2018 and corresponding relative AFs increased considerably (4.8-fold increase when comparing 2000 and 2018). Specifically, absolute AFs of ICs with cannabinoid intoxications (P&lt;0.0001), harmful use (P=0.0005), dependence syndrome (P&lt; 0.0001), withdrawal state (P&lt;0.0001), psychotic disorders (P&lt; 0.0001) and residual and late-onset psychotic disorder (P&lt;0.0001) statistically significantly increased. Absolute AFs of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders slightly, but statistically significantly decreased (P=0.008), and alcohol dependence did not statistically significantly change (P=0.844).

Conclusions
Our evaluation demonstrates increasing numbers of ICs with mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cannabinoids in Germany and emphasizes the need for adequate prevention of such disorders.
Watershed and fire severity are stronger determinants of soil chemistry and microbiomes than within-watershed woody encroachment in a tallgrass prairie system
Authors: Mino Laura , Kolp Matthew R , Fox Sam , Reazin Chris , Zeglin Lydia , Jumpponen Ari 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTFire can impact terrestrial ecosystems by changing abiotic and biotic conditions. Short fire intervals maintain grasslands and communities adapted to frequent, low-severity fires. Shrub encroachment that follows longer fire intervals accumulates fuel and can increase fire severity. This patchily distributed biomass creates mosaics of burn severities in the landscape—pyrodiversity. Afforded by a scheduled burn of a watershed protected from fires for 27 years, we investigated effects of woody encroachment and burn severity on soil chemistry and soil-inhabiting bacteria and fungi. We compared soils before and after fire within the fire-protected, shrub-encroached watershed and soils in an adjacent, annually burned and non-encroached watershed. Organic matter and nutrients accumulated in the fire-protected watershed but responded less to woody encroachment within the encroached watershed. Bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus and fungal and bacterial communities responded to high-severity burn regardless of encroachment. Low-severity fire effects on soil nutrients differed, increased bacterial but decreased fungal diversity and effects of woody encroachment within the encroached watershed were minimal. High-severity burns in the fire-protected watershed led to a novel soil system state distinct from non-encroached and encroached soil systems. We conclude that severe fires may open grassland restoration opportunities to manipulate soil chemistry and microbial communities in shrub-encroached habitats.
CNVpytor: a tool for copy number variation detection and analysis from read depth and allele imbalance in whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Suvakov Milovan , Panda Arijit , Diesh Colin , Holmes Ian , Abyzov Alexej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Detecting copy number variations (CNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) based on whole-genome sequencing data is important for personalized genomics and treatment. CNVnator is one of the most popular tools for CNV/CNA discovery and analysis based on read depth.

Findings
Herein, we present an extension of CNVnator developed in Python—CNVpytor. CNVpytor inherits the reimplemented core engine of its predecessor and extends visualization, modularization, performance, and functionality. Additionally, CNVpytor uses B-allele frequency likelihood information from single-nucleotide polymorphisms and small indels data as additional evidence for CNVs/CNAs and as primary information for copy number–neutral losses of heterozygosity.

Conclusions
CNVpytor is significantly faster than CNVnator—particularly for parsing alignment files (2–20 times faster)—and has (20–50 times) smaller intermediate files. CNV calls can be filtered using several criteria, annotated, and merged over multiple samples. Modular architecture allows it to be used in shared and cloud environments such as Google Colab and Jupyter notebook. Data can be exported into JBrowse, while a lightweight plugin version of CNVpytor for JBrowse enables nearly instant and GUI-assisted analysis of CNVs by any user. CNVpytor release and the source code are available on GitHub at https://github.com/abyzovlab/CNVpytor under the MIT license.
A new approach for stabilization of Heat-ODE cascaded systems with boundary delayed control
Authors: Zhang Li , Xu Gen Qi , Mastorakis Nikos E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The uniform stabilization problem is addressed for a Heat-ODE cascaded system with boundary delayed control. A simple, direct and easily calculated controller is proposed, in which the known control law is sufficiently applied. With the controller the cascaded system with delayed control is exponentially stabilized. In particular, in the proof of stability, a resolvent for a more complicated integral equation is given. As an application, an equivalent transformation between the closed loop system and a stable system is constructed. The effectiveness of the control-predictor is shown by simulation in the presence of control delay.
Classification of Irreducible (𝔤, 𝔨)-Modules Associated to the Ideals of Minimal Nilpotent Orbits for Simple Lie Groups of TypeA
Authors: Tamori Hiroyoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe classify completely prime primitive ideals whose associated varieties are the closure of the minimal nilpotent coadjoint orbit for $\mathfrak {g}=\mathfrak {s}\mathfrak {l}(n,\mathbb {C})$ and classify irreducible $(\mathfrak {g},\mathfrak {k})$-modules, which have those ideals as annihilators. Moreover, we irreducibly decompose them as $\mathfrak {k}$-modules.
Navigating the way to onchocerciasis elimination: the feasibility and affordability of Onchocerciasis Elimination Mapping
Authors: Hamill Louise , Trotignon Guillaume , MacKenzie Charles , Hill Becks , Pavluck Alex , Yumba Dyesse , Isiyaku Sunday , William Adamani , Nyior Audrey , Igbe Michael , Anyaike Chukwuma , Akilah Joel , Agyemang David , Marfo Benjamin , Downs Philip , Jones Iain 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination of transmission by 2030 in at least 21 countries. To achieve this, recent and accurate data on the extent and intensity of onchocerciasis transmission are required. This will include mapping areas previously unassessed, or remapping of areas that were last visited as part surveys aiming to prevent blindness, not assess transmission in totality. There is near universal acceptance of the need to carry out these mapping reassessments, to achieve equitable and lasting elimination of onchocerciasis transmission. However, there is no consensus on how to conduct onchocerciasis elimination mapping (OEM), and little published data to inform policymakers and programme managers, including on cost.

Methods
Here, we summarise the methods and cost implications of conducting pilot OEM surveys in Ghana and Nigeria in 2018. We have included a breakdown of costs incurred overall, per person and per implementation unit in each country, as well as detailed analysis of the cost categories and the main cost drivers.

Results
The procurement and logistics of diagnostics accounted for more than one-third of the total cost, a significant cost driver.

Conclusions
This information will be valuable to policymakers and donors as they seek to prioritise onchocerciasis elimination and plan to complete OEM.
Absence, loss-of-function, or inhibition of Escherichia coli AcrB does not increase expression of other efflux pump genes supporting the discovery of AcrB inhibitors as antibiotic adjuvants
Authors: Ciusa Maria Laura , Marshall Robert L , Ricci Vito , Stone Jack W , Piddock Laura J V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether expression of efflux pumps and antibiotic susceptibility are altered in Escherichia coli in response to efflux inhibition.

Methods
The promoter regions of nine efflux pump genes (acrAB, acrD, acrEF, emrAB, macAB, cusCFBA, mdtK, mdtABC, mdfA) were fused to gfp in pMW82 and fluorescence from each reporter construct was used as a measure of the transcriptional response to conditions in which AcrB was inhibited, absent or made non-functional. Expression was also determined by RT-qPCR. Drug susceptibility of efflux pump mutants with missense mutations known or predicted to cause loss of function of the encoded efflux pump was investigated.

Results
Data from the GFP reporter constructs revealed that no increased expression of the tested efflux pump genes was observed when AcrB was absent, made non-functional, or inhibited by an efflux pump inhibitor/competitive substrate, such as PAβN or chlorpromazine. This was confirmed by RT-qPCR for PAβN and chlorpromazine; however, a small but significant increase in macB gene expression was seen when acrB is deleted. Efflux inhibitors only synergized with antibiotics in the presence of a functional AcrB. When AcrB was absent or non-functional, there was no impact on MICs when other efflux pumps were also made non-functional.

Conclusions
Absence, loss-of-function, or inhibition of E. coli AcrB did not significantly increase expression of other efflux pump genes, which suggests there is no compensatory mechanism to overcome efflux inhibition and supports the discovery of inhibitors of AcrB as antibiotic adjuvants.
Deliberating Dharma in Premodern South Asian Narrative
Authors: Sharma Vishal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
How do we orient our conduct in relation to dharma, and what role does narrative play in this process of constituting the ethical self? These are the central questions of this special issue. The papers in this collection draw from a wide variety of stories from the itihāsas and purāṇas, in various languages, from the classical to the early modern period.
Late development of giant hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following abdominal trauma due to tire blast: case report and literature review
Authors: Mahmood Ismail , Kasim Mohammad , El-Menyar Ayman , Nabir Syed , Afifi Ibrahim , Abdelrahman Husham , Rizoli Sandro , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Giant hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is rare but could have a significant implication. A 35-year-old male was severely injured by a truck tire explosion and presented with hypotension and positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma scan. After resuscitation, abdomen computed tomography (CT) scan showed a Grade 4 liver injury. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, and the liver injury was treated conservatively. Seventeen days later, he developed abdominal pain with deep epigastric tenderness. Repeated abdomen CT scan detected a giant hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. Embolization was achieved using gel foam with the placement of six microcoils. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Late development of giant hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of hepatic trauma and could be life-threatening. Timely identification and treatment with endovascular intervention are crucial. We recommend, especially when dealing with trauma related to blast injury, follow-up images for patients who develop symptoms suggestive of hepatic injury.
The galaxy population of the core of the Coma cluster
Authors: Poloji Nagamani , Hasan Priya , Hasan S N 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the structural properties and morphology of galaxies in the central region of the Coma Cluster brighter than 19.5 mag in the F814W band from the HST/ACS Coma Cluster Treasury Survey. Using mainly spectroscopic redshifts, we find 132 members from our sample of 219 galaxies. In our sample of 132 members, we find 51 non-dwarfs and 81 dwarfs, and amongst our 32 non-members, we find 4 dwarfs and 28 non-dwarfs. We do not have redshifts for the remaining 55 galaxies. We present bulge–disc decomposition of the sample using galfit and obtain parameters for our sample. Using visual inspection of residuals, we do a morphological classification of the galaxies. We studied the relation of morphological types with Bulge to Total Light Ratio (B/T), colour–magnitude relation (CMR), Sérsic index (n), Kormendy relation, and cross-correlations between these parameters for the bulges and galaxies. This work helps us understand important relations between various parameters like B/T, colour, and n as well as insights into the merger history of these galaxies in terms of their positions in the Kormendy Diagram and their Sérsic indices. We find that there are significantly more E/SO, SOs galaxies in the member population compared to non-members.
All along the line of sight: a closer look at opening angles and absorption regions in the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets
Authors: Wardenier Joost P , Parmentier Vivien , Lee Elspeth K H 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Transmission spectra contain a wealth of information about the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. However, large thermal and chemical gradients along the line of sight can lead to biased inferences in atmospheric retrievals. In order to determine how far from the limb plane the atmosphere still impacts the transmission spectrum, we derive a new formula to estimate the opening angle of a planet. This is the angle subtended by the atmospheric region that contributes to the observation along the line of sight, as seen from the planet centre. We benchmark our formula with a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code and we define an opening angle suitable for the interpretation of JWST observations, assuming a 10-ppm noise floor. We find that the opening angle is only a few degrees for planets cooler than ca. 500 Kelvins, while it can be as large as 25 degrees for (ultra-)hot Jupiters and 50 degrees for hot Neptunes. Compared to previous works, our more robust approach leads to smaller estimates for the opening angle across a wide range scale heights and planetary radii. Finally, we show that ultra-hot Jupiters have an opening angle that is smaller than the angle over which the planet rotates during the transit. This allows for time-resolved transmission spectroscopy observations that probe independent parts of the planetary limb during the first and second half of the transit.
Timing and spectral analysis of HMXB OAO 1657-415 with NuSTAR
Authors: Sharma Prince , Sharma Rahul , Jain Chetana , Dutta Anjan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
This work presents a comprehensive timing and spectral analysis of high-mass X-ray binary pulsar, OAO 1657-415 by using the observation made with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array on 2019 June. During this observation, OAO 1657-415 exhibited X-ray variability by a factor of about 3. X-ray pulsations at 37.03322(14) s were observed up to 70 keV. OAO 1657-415 was undergoing a spin-down phase with $\dot{P} = 9(1) \times 10^{-8}$ s s−1. This is an order of about 100 larger than the long-term spin-up rate. The pulse profile evolved marginally during the observation. We have discussed the long-term pulse period history of the source spanning a time-base of 43 yr, including the latest Fermi/GBM data. The 3–70 keV source spectrum is described by a partially covered cut-off power law, an Fe Kα line at 6.4 keV and a Compton shoulder at 6.3 keV. We report the presence of a cyclotron absorption feature around 40 keV, which is indicative of a surface magnetic field strength of 3.59 ± 0.06 (1 + $z$) × 1012 and $3.29_{-0.22}^{+0.23} \ (1 + z) \times 10^{12}$ G. This work shows the first robust presence of cyclotron absorption feature in the source.
Making use of sub-resolution haloes in N-body simulations
Authors: Armijo Joaquin , Baugh Carlton M , Padilla Nelson D , Norberg Peder , Arnold Christian 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Conservative mass limits are often imposed on the dark matter halo catalogues extracted from N-body simulations. By comparing simulations with different mass resolutions, at z = 0 we find that even for haloes resolved by 100 particles, the lower resolution simulation predicts a cumulative halo abundance that is 5 per cent lower than in the higher resolution simulation. We propose a simple weighting scheme to utilize the haloes that are usually regarded as being ‘sub-resolution’. With the scheme, we are able to use haloes which contain only 11 particles to reproduce the clustering measured in the higher resolution simulation to within 5 per cent on scales down to 2 h−1 Mpc, thereby extending the useful halo resolution by a factor of 10 below the mass at which the mass functions in the two simulations first start to deviate. The performance of the method is slightly worse at higher redshift. Our method allows a simulation to be used to probe a wider parameter space in clustering studies, for example, in a halo occupation distribution analysis. This reduces the cost of generating many simulations to estimate the covariance matrix on measurements or using a larger volume simulation to make large-scale clustering predictions.
Klotho in kidney diseases: a crosstalk between the renin–angiotensin system and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Kale Ajinath , Sankrityayan Himanshu , Anders Hans-Joachim , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTKlotho is a transmembrane anti-ageing protein that exists in three forms, i.e. α-Klotho, β-Klotho and γ-Klotho, with distinct organ-specific expression and functions in the body. Here we focus on α-Klotho (hereafter Klotho), abundantly expressed by the distal and proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. A significant decline in systemic and renal Klotho levels is a new hallmark for kidney disease progression. Emerging research portrays Klotho as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. Even so, the underlying mechanisms of Klotho regulation and the strategies to restore its systemic and renal levels are still lacking.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers are the current standard of care for kidney diseases, but the molecular mechanisms for their nephroprotective action are still ambiguous. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress also plays a crucial role in kidney disease progression. Few studies have claimed that the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has a direct relation with ER stress generation and vice versa in kidney disease. Interestingly, RAAS and ER stress modulation are associated with Klotho regulation in kidney disease. Here we focus on how the RAAS and ER stress connect with Klotho regulation in kidney disease. We also discuss Klotho and ER stress in an alliance with the concept of haemodynamic and metabolic overload in kidney disease. In addition, we highlight novel approaches to implement Klotho as a therapeutic target via RAAS and ER stress modulation for the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney diseases.