bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debugging Network Reachability with Blocked Paths
Authors: Bayless S. , Backes J. , DaCosta D. , Jones B. F. , Launchbury N. , Trentin P. , Jewell K. , Joshi S. , Zeng M. Q. , Mathews N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this industrial case study we describe a new network troubleshooting analysis used byVPC Reachability Analyzer, an SMT-based network reachability analysis and debugging tool. Our troubleshooting analysis uses a formal model of AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) semantics to identify whether a destination is reachable from a source in a given VPC configuration. In the case where there is no feasible path, our analysis derives ablocked path: an infeasible but otherwise complete path that would be feasible if a corresponding set of VPC configuration settings were adjusted.Our blocked path analysis differs from other academic and commercial offerings that either rely on packet probing (e.g.,tcptrace) or provide only partial paths terminating at the first component that rejects the packet. By providing a complete (but infeasible) path from the source to destination, we identify for a user all the configuration settings they will need to alter to admit that path (instead of requiring them to repeatedly re-run the analysis after making partial changes). This allows users to refine their query so that the blocked path is aligned with their intended network behavior before making any changes to their VPC configuration.
Searching in 2-Dimensional mass space for final states with 2 invisible particles
Authors: Anagnostou G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A method to search for particles of unknown masses in final states with two invisible particles is presented. Searching for final states with missing energy is a challenging task usually performed in the tail of a missing energy related distribution. The search method proposed is based on a 2-Dimensional mass reconstruction of the final state with two invisible particles. Thus, a bump hunting is possible, allowing a stronger signal versus background discrimination. Parameters of the new theory can be extracted from the mass distributions, a valuable step towards understanding its true nature. The proof of principle is based on the existing SM top pairs in their dilepton final state. The method is applicable in many interesting searches at the LHC, including dark matter candidates or heavy top partners.
A cross-sectional survey of stigma towards people with a mental illness in the general public. The role of employment, domestic noise disturbance and age
Authors: Oudejans S. C. C. , Spits M. E. , van Weeghel J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Stigmatization impedes the social integration of persons recovering from mental illnesses. Little is known about characteristics of the stigmatized person that lessen or aggravate public stigma.

Purpose
This study investigates which characteristics of persons with mental illnesses (i.e. with a depression or a psychotic disorder) might increase or decrease the likelihood of public stigma.

Methods
Over 2,000 adults read one of sixteen vignettes describing a person with a depressive disorder or a psychotic disorder and answered a set of items measuring social distance.

Results
The person who was employed (vs. unemployed), or whose neighbors did not experience domestic noise disturbance (vs. disturbance) elicited significantly less social distance. Also persons with a depressive disorder elicited less social distance, vs. persons with a psychotic disorder.

Conclusion
Employment and good housing circumstances may destigmatize persons coping with mental illnesses. Mental health and social services should encourage paid employment, quality housing and other paths to community integration.
Current and emerging artificial intelligence applications for pediatric musculoskeletal radiology
Authors: Offiah Amaka C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is playing an ever-increasing role in radiology (more so in the adult world than in pediatrics), to the extent that there are unfounded fears it will completely take over the role of the radiologist. In relation to musculoskeletal applications of AI in pediatric radiology, we are far from the time when AI will replace radiologists; even for the commonest application (bone age assessment), AI is more often employed in an AI-assist mode rather than an AI-replace or AI-extend mode. AI for bone age assessment has been in clinical use for more than a decade and is the area in which most research has been conducted. Most other potential indications in children (such as appendicular and vertebral fracture detection) remain largely in the research domain. This article reviews the areas in which AI is most prominent in relation to the pediatric musculoskeletal system, briefly summarizing the current literature and highlighting areas for future research. Pediatric radiologists are encouraged to participate as members of the research teams conducting pediatric radiology artificial intelligence research.
Adult aplastic anemia in Thailand: incidence and treatment outcome from a prospective nationwide population-based study
Authors: Norasetthada Lalita , Wongkhantee Somchai , Chaipokam Jindaratn , Charoenprasert Kanyaporn , Chuncharunee Suporn , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat , Sirijerachai Chittima , Wanachiwanawin Wanchai , Issaragrisil Surapol ,   for the Thai Aplastic Anemia Study Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe incidence and outcomes of aplastic anemia (AA) in Asia remain limited. This study aimed to explore the incidence and outcomes of patients with adult AA across the country of Thailand. This is a prospective multi-center nationwide population-based observational study of AA patients aged at least 15 years old, diagnosed from August 2014 to July 2016, with a longitudinal follow-up period over 2 years. There were 348 newly diagnosed adult AA patients during the enrollment period, giving an annual incidence of 4.6 per million. The incidence of severe (SAA) and very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) (3.8 per million) was higher than non-severe AA (NSAA, 0.8 per million). The peak incidence was observed in the patients aged from 80 to 89 years old (14.4 per million). The 2-year overall survival (OS) in NSAA, SAA, and VSAA were 65.5%, 49.3%, and 20.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). With regard to the response to immunosuppressive therapy, the overall response rate (ORR) in SAA/VSAA treated with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin with/without cyclosporin A (rATG ± CsA) were significantly superior to those treated with CsA alone, or anabolic steroids (44.4% vs 36.4% and 31.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). The 2-year OS in SAA/VSAA treated with rATG ± CsA, CsA, and anabolic steroids were 54.8%, 54.5%, and 37.6% (P = 0.037), respectively. The incidence of adult AA in Thailand is higher than those in Western countries, and the peak incidence is in the elderly. rATG ± CsA provided a better response than anabolic steroids, translating to the superior survival in SAA/VSAA treated with rATG ± CsA.
A randomized, single-dose, pharmacokinetic equivalence study comparing MB02 (proposed biosimilar) and reference bevacizumab in healthy Japanese male volunteers
Authors: Eto Takashi , Karasuyama Yuji , González Verónica , Del Campo García Ana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
MB02 is a biosimilar to bevacizumab that has demonstrated similar physicochemical and functional properties in in vitro studies to the reference bevacizumab (Avastin®). This study aims to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity of MB02 to the reference bevacizumab in Japanese population.

Methods
This double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, single-dose PK study, was performed in healthy Japanese male volunteers. Subjects were equally randomized (1:1) to receive a single (3 mg/kg) IV dose of MB02 or reference bevacizumab. PK assessments were done up to 70 days post-dose. Non-compartmental parameters were calculated. PK similarity was determined using predefined equivalence range (0.80–1.25) for the area under the serum concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞). Immunogenicity samples were taken pre-dose and up to day 70. Safety was assessed throughout the study.

Results
In total, 48 subjects (24 in each treatment group) were dosed. Consequently to the observed similar PK profile, the 90% confidence interval for the geometric means ratio for the primary PK endpoint, AUC0–∞, was within the predefined equivalence range (0.981–1.11). Forty-seven treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 20 subjects (41.7%) with comparable incidence among MB02 and reference bevacizumab groups (22 and 25, respectively), none of them was severe or serious. Anti-drug antibodies incidence was low and similar between treatment groups.

Conclusions
Pharmacokinetic similarity of MB02 to reference bevacizumab was evidenced in Japanese healthy subjects, with comparable safety and immunogenicity profile between treatments. This study supports the biosimilarity of MB02 to reference bevacizumab in Japanese population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04238650.
Customised, individually made total knee arthroplasty shows promising 1-year clinical and patient reported outcomes
Authors: Moret Céline S. , Hirschmann Michael T. , Vogel Nicole , Arnold Markus P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Customised individually made (CIM) implants for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were introduced about 10 years ago. These implants aim to reduce the risk of prosthesis-related issues resulting from anthropometric differences between different knees.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the short-term clinical outcome and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of a specific CIM implant, the ORIGIN® knee replacement system (Symbios, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland), which was introduced in 2018.

Materials and methods
This is a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing primary posterior-stabilised (PS) CIM TKA using the specific ORIGIN® knee replacement system, (Symbios, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland). TKAs were performed from February 2019 to October 2020. Data was collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 4 and 12 months. Outcome measures included the objective part of the Knee Society Score (KSS) with the range of motion (ROM) and the following PROMs: the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12), the EuroQol, five dimensions, three levels (EQ-5D-3L) with the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and patient satisfaction. Differences in pre- to preoperative data were assessed with paired sample t tests. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Twenty-five CIM TKA (20 patients, 8 female) were included. The mean age at surgery was 66 years (SD, 6.9). At 4 and 12 months, significant improvements in the KSS (p < 0.001), the ROM (p < 0.001), all KOOS subscales (p < 0.001), the FJS (p < 0.001) and the EQ-5D-3L (p < 0.026) were found. Satisfaction rate was 91% and 88% at 4 and 12 months, respectively. Intraoperative complications did not occur and no revision surgeries were undertaken.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated significant improvements in the KSS and specific PROMs 1 year after CIM TKA. This study suggests that CIM TKA is a safe and suitable option, which can yield good clinical outcome and PROMs at least during short-term follow-up.
Extracts of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture
Authors: Blomstrand Berit Marie , Enemark Heidi Larsen , Øines Øivind , Steinshamn Håvard , Aasen Inga Marie , Mahnert Karl-Christian , Sørheim Kristin Marie , Athanasiadou Spiridoula , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Woolsey Ian David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe widespread apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. The treatment options are limited, and the efficacy of available drugs is low. Bark contains condensed tannins (CT), which are bioactive compounds previously shown to inhibit parasite development. Here, we examined the anti-cryptosporidial properties of bark extract of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) against C. parvum by means of an in vitro growth inhibition test. We hypothesised that bark extracts would have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the development of C. parvum in cell culture.Bark extracts from Scots pine extracted with acetone, methanol, and water as solvents were investigated using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells infected with C. parvum. Oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and bark extract was added at seven different concentrations. Parasite growth inhibition was quantified by qPCR.The acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated a sigmoid dose-dependent inhibition of C. parvum. The IC50 values were 244.6 and 279.1 µg dry matter extract/mL, and 25.4 and 24.1 µg CT/mL, for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The IC50 for both extracts were similar, both with regard to the dry matter concentration of each extract and to CT concentrations.Given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., the evidence generated in our study encourages further investigation into the in vitro and in vivo effects of pine bark extracts against C. parvum.
Takotsubo Syndrome: Uncovering Myths and Misconceptions
Authors: Cammann Victoria L. , Würdinger Michael , Ghadri Jelena R. , Templin Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) was described in Japan 3 decades ago to affect predominately postmenopausal women after emotional stress. This history is the basis of commonly held beliefs which may contribute to the underdiagnosis and misperception of TTS.

Recent Findings
TTS affects not only women, but can be present in both sexes, and can appear in children as well as in the elderly. TTS is characterized by unique clinical characteristics with morphological variants, and incurs a substantial risk for recurrent events and adverse outcomes. Physical triggers are more common than emotional triggers and are major disease determinants. TTS seems not to be completely transient as patients report ongoing chest pain, dyspnea, or fatigue even after months of the acute event.

Summary
Knowledge of the clinical features and outcomes of TTS patients has evolved substantially over the past decades. The heterogeneous appearance of TTS needs to be recognized in all medical disciplines to maximize therapy and improve outcomes.
Objective and Self-reported Assessment of Physical Activity of Women over 60 Years Old
Authors: Ogonowska-Slodownik Anna , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Geigle Paula Richley , Kalbarczyk Malgorzata , Kosmol Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine changes in objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) among women aged 60 years and older. The study included 200 women aged over 60 years, divided into three groups according to age (60–65 years, 66–70 years, > 70 years). The subjective assessment was provided with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) – short version with self-reported PA assessment, and objective data was provided by an Actigraph GT3-BT worn for seven days. Significant differences in moderate and high intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and steps per day were found between the oldest and youngest groups; as well as in low, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous PA and steps per day between groups middle and oldest. In all three age groups, 1) significant differences were observed between subjective and objective measurements of physical activity and 2) no correlation was found between assessment measures. It was found that only direct PA measurement declined with age in women over 60 years old, and that sedentary behavior is underestimated, and moderate and vigorous PA overestimated, with the self-reported IPAQ.
Use of Non-Conventional Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in Treatment or Upgradation of Hydrophobic Industry Wastes
Authors: Wierzchowska Katarzyna , Zieniuk Bartłomiej , Fabiszewska Agata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using non-conventional yeast speciesYarrowia lipolyticain the treatment and upgradation of industry wastes. ImportantlyY. lipolyticayeast is argued as generally recognized as safe species, what indicates the high application potential of the reviewed technologies. Special emphasis in the paper was given on microbial processing of the food industry wastes, including fish and animals’ wastes utilization.Yarrowia-based processing of waste cooking oil or oil-bearing plants wastewaters, such as palm oil mill effluents or olive mill wastewater was reviewed. Recent advances in biosynthesis of valuable metabolites (e.g. lipases or microbial oil) with simultaneous wastes utilization byY. lipolyticaare additionally discussed. The broad implications of the present paper are a part of sustainable development policy.Graphic Abstract
Complex analysis of the personalized pharmacotherapy in the management of COVID-19 patients and suggestions for applications of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine attitude
Authors: Wang Lei-Yun , Cui Jia-Jia , OuYang Qian-Ying , Zhan Yan , Wang Yi-Min , Xu Xiang-Yang , Yu Lu-Lu , Yin Hui , Wang Yang , Luo Chen-Hui , Guo Cheng-Xian , Yin Ji-Ye 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading worldwide. Drug therapy is one of the major treatments, but contradictory results of clinical trials have been reported among different individuals. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of personalized pharmacotherapy is still lacking. In this study, analyses were performed on 47 well-characterized COVID-19 drugs used in the personalized treatment of COVID-19.

Methods
Clinical trials with published results of drugs use for COVID-19 treatment were collected to evaluate drug efficacy. Drug-to-Drug Interactions (DDIs) were summarized and classified. Functional variations in actionable pharmacogenes were collected and systematically analysed. “Gene Score” and “Drug Score” were defined and calculated to systematically analyse ethnicity-based genetic differences, which are important for the safer use of COVID-19 drugs.

Results
Our results indicated that four antiviral agents (ritonavir, darunavir, daclatasvir and sofosbuvir) and three immune regulators (budesonide, colchicine and prednisone) as well as heparin and enalapril could generate the highest number of DDIs with common concomitantly utilized drugs. Eight drugs (ritonavir, daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, ribavirin, interferon alpha-2b, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and ceftriaxone had actionable pharmacogenomics (PGx) biomarkers among all ethnic groups. Fourteen drugs (ritonavir, daclatasvir, prednisone, dexamethasone, ribavirin, HCQ, ceftriaxone, zinc, interferon beta-1a, remdesivir, levofloxacin, lopinavir, human immunoglobulin G and losartan) showed significantly different pharmacogenomic characteristics in relation to the ethnic origin of the patient.

Conclusion
We recommend that particularly for patients with comorbidities to avoid serious DDIs, the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM, 3 PM) strategies have to be applied for COVID-19 treatment, and genetic tests should be performed for drugs with actionable pharmacogenes, especially in some ethnic groups with a higher frequency of functional variations, as our analysis showed. We also suggest that drugs associated with higher ethnic genetic differences should be given priority in future pharmacogenetic studies for COVID-19 management. To facilitate translation of our results into clinical practice, an approach conform with PPPM/3 PM principles was suggested. In summary, the proposed PPPM/3 PM attitude should be obligatory considered for the overall COVID-19 management.
Evaluation of a metal mesh filter prototype with wet regeneration
Authors: Baumgarten Björn , Grammer Peter , Ehard Ferdinand , Winkel Oskar , Vogt Ulrich , Baumbach Günter , Scheffknecht Günter , Thorwarth Harald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWood combustion is a major part of the current efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. However, wood combustion leads to emissions of other pollutants like fine particulate matter. A new option to reduce particulate matter emissions is a metal mesh filter with counter current flushing. An automatic prototype was tested under realistic conditions including starts and stops of the boiler. For regeneration, the filter was flushed using water in opposite flow direction. The water was recycled multiple times to limit water consumption. The results are very promising. Regeneration was successful and no signs of decay could be observed over 419.5 h of operation and 234 regenerations. The filter can be operated during all phases of boiler operation, which is a major step forward compared to alternative secondary measures. Separation efficiency was high with 80–86%, even though the filter showed internal leakage, which reduced the separation efficiency. Additionally, waste products were examined. About 1000 l wastewater can be expected to be produced every month, which could be disposed using the communal waste water system, given the low heavy metal loading. A part of the fine particulate matter is unsoluble and has to be removed from the regeneration water before reuse. The unsoluble fraction contains the majority of heavy metals and has to be disposed as fly ash or used for urban mining. Generally spoken, the metal mesh filter is a new, promising option which can overcome limitations of current secondary measures without increasing costs given its simple and robust construction.
Evaluation of a program for promoting physical activity and well-being: Friuli Venezia Giulia in Movimento
Authors: Pagani Laura , Panarello Demetrio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents an evaluation of the “Friuli Venezia Giulia in Movimento” project, aimed at promoting the culture of movement and well-being in a region which is particularly affected by population ageing. The goals of the project reside in promoting appropriate lifestyles through the endorsement of healthy behaviours (physical activity, healthy nutrition, well-being); increasing the number of physically active people in the various municipal territories, by enhancing or creating new pedestrian paths that reflect the 10,000-step goal; enhancing the local territory by promoting the existing paths and the initiatives already in place; promoting new paths and environments conducive to physical activity for people of all ages; encouraging the creation of new “walking groups” and the adhesion of people to them to promote physical activity and socialisation, with the consequent improvement of psychophysical well-being. Although the evaluation is still on-going, the preliminary results—obtained by means of two surveys and a multilevel model—show that the initial steps of the project have been carried out satisfactorily and that Municipalities still need to be supported in order to achieve good participation on part of the citizens.
On a Result of Hayman Concerning the Maximum Modulus Set
Authors: Evdoridou Vasiliki , Pardo-Simón Leticia , Sixsmith David J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe set of points where an entire function achieves its maximum modulus is known as the maximum modulus set. In 1951, Hayman studied the structure of this set near the origin. Following work of Blumenthal, he showed that, near zero, the maximum modulus set consists of a collection of disjoint analytic curves, and provided an upper bound for the number of these curves. In this paper, we establish the exact number of these curves for all entire functions, except for a “small” set whose Taylor series coefficients satisfy a certain simple, algebraic condition. Moreover, we give new results concerning the structure of this set near the origin, and make an interesting conjecture regarding the most general case. We prove this conjecture for polynomials of degree less than four.