bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOGARITHMIC DE RHAM–WITT COMPLEXES VIA THE DÉCALAGE OPERATOR
Authors: Yao Zijian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe provide a new formalism of de Rham–Witt complexes in the logarithmic setting. This construction generalises a result of Bhatt–Lurie–Mathew and agrees with those of Hyodo–Kato and Matsuue for log-smooth schemes of log-Cartier type. We then use our construction to study the monodromy action and slopes of Frobenius on log crystalline cohomology.
Posttraumatische Kognitionen als Mediator zwischen auslösendem Ereignis und posttraumatischen Belastungssymptomen in Kindheit und Jugend
Authors: Jurk Swantje , Petermann Ulrike , Vasileva Mira 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Dysfunktionale posttraumatische Kognitionen über das Selbst und die Welt als Folge traumatischer Erfahrungen können die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung begünstigen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht das Wirkgeflecht zwischen der Art des traumatischen Ereignisses (interpersonell/akzidentiell), posttraumatischen Kognitionen und posttraumatischen Belastungssymptomen in Kindheit und Jugend. Methode: Erhoben wurden Daten von N = 48 Jugendlichen (9 – 17 Jahren) mittels Selbstbericht. Ergebnisse: Die Mediationsanalyse zeigte, dass posttraumatische Kognitionen als signifikanter Mediator für interpersonelle im Vergleich zu akzidentiellen Erfahrungen wirkten. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit interpersonellen Traumata konfrontierte Kinder und Jugendliche in besonderem Maße Erschütterungen des Selbst- und Weltbildes ausgesetzt sind. Die Erkenntnisse betonen die Bedeutung kognitiver Elemente in der Traumatherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Shan Y. , Reiners A. , Fabbian D. , Marfil E. , Montes D. , Tabernero H. M. , Ribas I. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Aceituno J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Morales J. C. , Nagel E. , Pallé E. , Passegger V. M. , Rodriguez-López C. , Schweitzer A. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: August 2021

Context. M-dwarf spectra are complex and notoriously difficult to model, posing challenges to understanding their photospheric properties and compositions in depth. Vanadium (V) is an iron-group element whose abundance supposedly closely tracks that of iron, but has origins that are not completely understood.
Aims. Our aim is to characterize a series of neutral vanadium atomic absorption lines in the 800–910 nm wavelength region of high signal-to-noise, high-resolution, telluric-corrected M-dwarf spectra from the CARMENES survey. Many of these lines are prominent and exhibit a distinctive broad and flat-bottom shape, which is a result of hyperfine structure (HFS). We investigate the potential and implications of these HFS split lines for abundance analysis of cool stars.
Methods. With standard spectral synthesis routines, as provided by the spectroscopy software iSpec and the latest atomic data (including HFS) available from the VALD3 database, we modeled these striking line profiles. We used them to measure V abundances of cool dwarfs.
Results. We determined V abundances for 135 early M dwarfs (M0.0 V to M3.5 V) in the CARMENES guaranteed time observations sample. They exhibit a [V/Fe]–[Fe/H] trend consistent with that derived from nearby FG dwarfs. The tight (±0.1 dex) correlation between [V/H] and [Fe/H] suggests the potential application of V as an alternative metallicity indicator in M dwarfs. We also show hints that neglecting to model HFS could partially explain the temperature correlation in V abundance measurements observed in previous studies of samples involving dwarf stars with Teff ≲ 5300 K.
Conclusions. Our work suggests that HFS can impact certain absorption lines in cool photospheres more severely than in Sun-like ones. Therefore, we advocate that HFS should be carefully treated in abundance studies in stars cooler than ~5000 K. On the other hand, strong HFS split lines in high-resolution spectra present an opportunity for precision chemical analyses of large samples of cool stars. The V-to-Fe trends exhibited by the local M dwarfs continue to challenge theoretical models of V production in the Galaxy.
Resource nationalism and community engagement in extractive resource governance: insights from Tanzania
Authors: Poncian Japhace 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTResource nationalism has dominated resource governance politics across Africa. Resource-rich states have sought to both relegitimise extraction and secure more economic benefits. However, there is a paucity of studies on the consequences of resource nationalism for community participation in resource-governance and decision-making processes. Drawing on three cases of community resistance and negotiation in three different eras, this paper compares two waves of resource nationalism, i.e. the second and third waves, to show whether and how resource nationalism promotes community participation. While presenting itself as pro-participatory governance, resource nationalism reproduces structural constraints on meaningful community engagement in extractive resource governance.
Compositionally graded AlGaN hole source layer for deep-ultraviolet nanowire light-emitting diode without electron blocking layer
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Usman Muhammad , Niass Mussaab Ibrahim , Liou Juin J , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The electron blocking layer (EBL) plays a vital role in blocking the electron overflow from an active region in the AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED). Besides the blocking of electron overflow, EBL reduces hole injection toward the active region. In this work, we proposed a DUV nanowire (NW) LED structure without EBL by replacing it with a compositionally continuous graded hole source layer (HSL). Our proposed graded HSL without EBL provides a better electron blocking effect and enhanced hole injection efficiency. As a result, optical power is improved by 48% and series resistance is reduced by 50% with 4.8 V threshold voltage. Moreover, graded HSL without EBL offer reduced electric field within the active region, which leads to a significant increment in radiative recombination rate and enhancement of spontaneous emission by 34% at 254 nm wavelength, as a result, 52% maximum internal quantum efficiency with 24% efficiency drop is reported.
Validating frequency transfer via interferometric fiber links for optical clock comparisons
Authors: Koke Sebastian , Benkler Erik , Kuhl Alexander , Grosche Gesine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the validation of fiber-based optical frequency transfer for frequency comparison applications. We specifically consider the frequency transfer validation for remote optical clock comparisons and want to ensure interferometric fiber link uncertainty contributions below the combined uncertainty of the clocks under test. The validation is based on signals obtained via looping back from the remote end to the sender site and comparing the input with the output of the loop. These loop-back data need to be averaged over intervals for reaching the validation goal, as the short-term instability of long-distance interferometric fiber links is typically higher than that of optical clocks. We introduce a two-step validation approach and address the finding of a compromise between opposing aspects of averaging: reaching low uncertainties versus achieving a high data coverage of the validated data set via a high temporal resolution of the fault identification. We discuss the impact of different averaging types and of the tolerance of filtering criteria on the achievable estimated uncertainty and on the coverage of the validated data set. Data from four multiple-week-long measurement campaigns on the fiber link between Physikalisch-Technische Bundesansanstalt and University of Strasbourg are used for this assessment.
Erosion and redeposition patterns on entire erosion marker tiles after exposure in the first operation phase of WEST
Authors: Balden M , Mayer M , Bliewert B , Bernard E , Diez M , Firdaouss M , Missirlian M , Pégourié B , Richou M , Roche H , Tsitrone E , Martin C , Hakola A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The net erosion and deposition patterns in the inner and outer divertor of WEST were determined after different experimental campaigns (C3 and C4) of the first operational phase using ion beam analyses and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The analyses were performed on four entire tiles from inertially cooled, W-coated divertor units with an additional Mo marker coating covered with a further W coating. Strong erosion occurred at the expected location of the inner and outer strike line area with a campaign-averaged net erosion rate of >0.1 nm s−1. On the high field side of the inner strike line area, thick deposited layers were found (>10 μm; growth rate >1 nm s−1), mainly composed of B, C, O, and W. Additionally, strong arcing was observed in this region. At the end of the C4 campaign, He discharges were performed to study the He-W interaction. Although the conditions for nanotendrils, i.e. fuzz formation were fulfilled around the outer strike line position, neither nanotendrils nor He bubbles (>10 nm) were observed at this area.
Development of muon scattering tomography for a detection of reinforcement in concrete
Authors: Dobrowolska Magdalena , Velthuis Jaap , Kopp Anna , De Sio Chiara , Milne Ruaridh , Pearson Philip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Inspection of ageing, reinforced concrete structures is a world-wide challenge. Existing non-destructive evaluation techniques in civil and structural engineering have limited penetration depth and don’t allow to precisely ascertain the configuration of reinforcement within large concrete objects. The big challenge for critical infrastructure (bridges, dams, dry docks, nuclear bioshields etc.) is understanding the internal condition of the concrete and steel, not just the location of the reinforcement. In most new constructions the location should be known and recorded in the as-built drawings, where these might not exist due to poor record keeping for older structures. Muon scattering tomography is a non-destructive and non-invasive technique which shows great promise for high-depth 3D concrete imaging. Previously, we have demonstrated that individual bars with a diameter of 33.7 ± 7.3 mm can be located using muon scattering tomography. Here we present an improved method that exploits the periodicity of bar structures. With this new method, reinforcement with bars down to 6 mm thickness can be detected and imaged.
Arbitration, the World Trade Organization, and the Creation of a Multilateral Investment Court
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The proliferation of international tribunals has reached the investment sphere. The European Union and its treaty partners have included an investment court system in the four individual investment agreements they have negotiated since the European Union took competence over foreign direct investment with the passage of the Lisbon Treaty. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), with the European Commission’s encouragement, is considering reform of investor-state arbitration with the front runner for reform the establishment of a multilateral investment court. Yet trade and investment law seem to be an oddly inverse relationship when it comes to preferred modes of dispute settlement. In the trade law realm, the survival of the ‘crown jewel’ of the World Trade Organisation (WTO)—its Dispute Settlement Body is uncertain. The appellate body has recently come in for special opprobrium. Arbitration is one of the suggested alternatives should existing dispute settlement procedures cease to function. Thus, in the investment law sphere, arbitration is apparently more and more disfavoured, and the preferred alternative is some kind of standing body with the pièce de résistance—an appellate body—at its apex. Why are these two regimes asynchronous? I hypothesize that states favour judicialization of disputes in the abstract but have reservations once judicialization becomes more concrete. Judicial or quasi-judicial decisions are hard for individual states to ignore or discredit, yet states have difficulty organizing multilateral responses to decisions they dislike.
Johnny Veeder and the Barcelona Traction Case
Authors: Bundy Rodman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Before his untimely death, Johnny Veeder had become fascinated with the Barcelona Traction case before the International Court of Justice, which in a sense was a precursor to modern investor-State arbitration. In Johnny’s honour, this article recounts the proceedings before the Court and the background of events involving a remarkable individual, Juan Antonias March, which led to the case being brought before the Court by Belgium against Spain as an espousal of the claims of Belgian nationals who had been shareholders in the Barcelona Traction company.
From Lena Goldfields to Crystallex: A Proposal For Collective Financing Of Sovereign Award Debt
Authors: Teitelbaum Ruth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Lena Goldfields payment story must be recognized for upholding a critical principle: the notion that an arbitral award debt is a collective problem between sovereigns. The stories of payment in Lena Goldfields and Crystallex lead to the following inquiry: why should today’s system of investment treaty arbitration, based upon treaties providing for reciprocal obligations between sovereigns, treat the payment of arbitral awards as a one-sided obligation of only one sovereign, to be borne alone? If sovereigns are able to enter into treaties providing for mutual protections and benefits, including the mutual consent to arbitrate future investment disputes with foreign investors, why should they not also be able to collectively insure the future payment of awards owed to foreign investors in the future?
CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 suppresses tumor growth in human colorectal cancer by targeting MAPK inactivator dual-specificity phosphatase 1
Authors: Pan Jie , Lin Mengxin , Xu Zongbin , Xu Meifang , Zhang Junrong , Weng Zongqi , Lin Bingqiang , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAberrant expression of long noncoding RNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) has been detected in human colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the role of CDKN2B-AS1 and the underlying mechanism in human CRC. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to explore the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the malignant behavior of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull-down assay was conducted to identify the target of CDKN2B-AS1 in CRC cells. The physical and functional interactions between CDKN2B-AS1 and the target were examined. CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis in vitro via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 signaling. CDKN2B-AS1 bound to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inactivator dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) in CRC cells. In contrast to CDKN2B-AS1, DUSP1 promoted CRC cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis and inactivated MEK/ERK/p38 signaling in CRC cells. Furthermore, CDKN2B-AS1 overexpression attenuated DUSP1 expression in normal colonic myofibroblasts and CRC cells. Overexpression of DUSP1 effectively countered the activation of MEK/ERK/p38 signaling induced by CDKN2B-AS1 overexpression or further blocked MEK/ERK/p38 signaling suppressed by CDKN2B-AS1 silencing. In the mouse xenograft model, CDKN2B-AS1 suppressed CRC growth, whereas DUSP1 promoted CRC growth. CDKN2B-AS1 induced cell apoptosis while suppressing EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), whereas DUSP1 suppressed cell apoptosis while inducing EMT in CRC, as evidenced by the alterations in the protein levels of apoptosis and EMT markers in tumor tissue samples. CDKN2B-AS1 regulates CRC cell growth and survival by targeting MAPK inactivator DUSP1.
COVID-19 and Everyday ICT Use: The Discursive Construction of Old Age in German Media
Authors: Köttl Hanna , Tatzer Verena C , Ayalon Liat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Media discourses have the power to construct and perpetuate positive and negative aging images and influence public and individuals’ attitudes. This study aims to critically examine the media portrayal of older persons’ everyday information and communication technology (EICT) usage during the first and second waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Research Design and Methods
A total of 51 articles published in 3 leading German newspapers between March 2020 and November 2020 were identified from the LexisNexis Academic database. Data were analyzed employing critical discourse and thematic analysis.

Results
EICT use was associated with youthful, consumption-orientated, and active lifestyles, while nonuse was constructed as failures on the policy or individual level. The pandemic seemed to have acted as an amplifier, further exacerbating and perpetuating stereotypical, dichotomous, but also empowering aging images.

Discussion and Implications
Neoliberal rational and binary distinctions of active users and nonusers opened and encouraged critical discussions on positive aging trends, the concept of the third and fourth ages, and aging-and-innovation discourses. Moreover, the crucial educative role of the media in raising awareness about power imbalances and reducing EICT-related ageism is stressed.
Bringing Disciplines and People Together to Characterize the Plastic and Genetic Responses of Molluscs to Environmental Change
Authors: Matoo Omera B , Neiman Maurine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolluscs are remarkably diverse and are found across nearly all ecosystems, meaning that members of this ancient animal phylum provide a powerful means to study genomic-phenotype connections in a climate change framework. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies and genome assembly approaches finally allow the relatively cheap and tractable assembly of high-quality mollusc genome resources. After a brief review of these issues and advances, we use a case-study approach to provide some concrete examples of phenotypic plasticity and genomic adaptation in molluscs in response to environmental factors expected to be influenced by climate change. Our goal is to use molluscs as a “common currency” to demonstrate how organismal and evolutionary biologists can use natural systems to make phenotype-genotype connections in the context of changing environments. In parallel, we emphasize the critical need to collaborate and integrate findings across taxa and disciplines in order to use new data and information to advance our understanding of mollusc biology in the context of global environmental change. We end with a brief synthetic summary of the papers inspired by the 2021 SICB Symposium “Genomic Perspectives in Comparative Physiology of Molluscs: Integration across Disciplines”.
Rapid Shifts in Mitochondrial tRNA Import in a Plant Lineage with Extensive Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Loss
Authors: Warren Jessica M , Salinas-Giegé Thalia , Triant Deborah A , Taylor Douglas R , Drouard Laurence , Sloan Daniel B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In most eukaryotes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are one of the very few classes of genes remaining in the mitochondrial genome, but some mitochondria have lost these vestiges of their prokaryotic ancestry. Sequencing of mitogenomes from the flowering plant genus Silene previously revealed a large range in tRNA gene content, suggesting rapid and ongoing gene loss/replacement. Here, we use this system to test longstanding hypotheses about how mitochondrial tRNA genes are replaced by importing nuclear-encoded tRNAs. We traced the evolutionary history of these gene loss events by sequencing mitochondrial genomes from key outgroups (Agrostemma githago and Silene [=Lychnis] chalcedonica). We then performed the first global sequencing of purified plant mitochondrial tRNA populations to characterize the expression of mitochondrial-encoded tRNAs and the identity of imported nuclear-encoded tRNAs. We also confirmed the utility of high-throughput sequencing methods for the detection of tRNA import by sequencing mitochondrial tRNA populations in a species (Solanum tuberosum) with known tRNA trafficking patterns. Mitochondrial tRNA sequencing in Silene revealed substantial shifts in the abundance of some nuclear-encoded tRNAs in conjunction with their recent history of mt-tRNA gene loss and surprising cases where tRNAs with anticodons still encoded in the mitochondrial genome also appeared to be imported. These data suggest that nuclear-encoded counterparts are likely replacing mitochondrial tRNAs even in systems with recent mitochondrial tRNA gene loss, and the redundant import of a nuclear-encoded tRNA may provide a mechanism for functional replacement between translation systems separated by billions of years of evolutionary divergence.
Effects of increasing dietary inclusion of camelina cake on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Hilbrands A M , Johnston L J , Cox R B , Forcella F , Gesch R , Li Y Z 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the dietary inclusion rate of camelina cake (CC) that would support the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs similar to that of a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Pigs (n = 192; BW = 35.2 kg; Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)), balanced for sex and initial weight, were assigned to pens (8 pigs/pen) and pens were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of a non GMO corn-soybean meal control diet (CON), or CON containing 5% (5CC), 10% (10CC), or 15% (15CC) camelina cake. Feed disappearance on a pen basis and individual body weights of pigs were recorded every other week to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) on a pen basis. Prior to harvest, real-time ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and loin eye area were collected on all live pigs. Pigs were harvested as a single group at about 23 weeks of age at a commercial abattoir. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and pen serving as the experimental unit. Growth performance data collected over time were analyzed using repeated measures within the Proc Glimmix procedure. Overall, pigs fed CON exhibited similar ADG to those consuming 5CC and higher ADG than pigs consuming 10CC and 15CC diets (1.10 kg vs. 1.05 kg for 10CC and 1.02 kg for 15CC; P &lt; 0.05 for both mean comparisons). Pigs fed CON consumed more feed than pigs fed any of the CC diets (ADFI = 2.66 kg for CON vs. 2.46 kg for 5CC, 2.46 kg for 10CC and 2.47 kg for 15CC; P &lt; 0.05 for all). These differences resulted in heavier (P &lt; 0.05) CON-fed pigs at marketing than 10CC or 15CC-fed pigs. There were no differences in any carcass traits analyzed. From these data, we conclude that feeding up to 5% CC in corn-soybean meal-based diets did not negatively influence growth performance, or carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs.