bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber-physical-social-information-thinking hyperspace: a manifold of cyberspatial entities
Authors: Kademi Anas Maazu , Koltuksuz Ahmet Hasan 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to establish a theoretic framework to provide a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects, their existence and their identification scheme while providing a connection between cyber-enabled spaces and cyberspace. It develops an avenue to quantify general philosophical and theoretical questions, precisely, inherently spatial basis that produces an unprecedented space–time continuum, in which cyber-enabled relations evolve.Design/methodology/approachMultidisciplinary theoretical approaches are needed to describe complex systems, which in this paper are integrated in a quest for the principles underlying the structural organization and dynamics of cyberspace. A theoretic framework is presented, and the spatial conception of cyber-enabled physical, social, information and thinking spaces and entities existence are provided.FindingsWith spatial objects and spatial properties, cyberspace is inherently spatial. Its basic constructs are founded on its spatial qualities and producing radical space–time compression, cyber-enabled spaces in which dynamic relations develop and thrive. The cyberspatial object operations are primarily built on foundations that depend on physical space and other spatial metaphors. Information space, basically missing in the literature, is an important part of cyberspace.Research limitations/implicationsThis work suggested a novel analytical approach to describing cyberspace from broader perspectives and fields. Due to the novelty and divergence of cyber concepts, an interdisciplinary study and methodology are needed. Thus, more research toward theoretical direction could help many of the practical implementations of concepts.Practical implicationsThe research is of particular significance in cyberspatial mechanics to describe the dynamics and behavior of cyber physical systems. For example, object-based analysis functions like spatial query, node pattern analysis, cluster analysis, spatial similarity analysis and location modeling.Originality/valueComplementing the existing literature and defining information space to the research sphere, a theoretical framework providing a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects and the general cyberspace foundation has been proposed, resulting in a formalized concept of existence, interactions and applications and services, with respect to philosophy, science and technology, respectively.
Variation of non‐structural carbohydrates across the fast–slow continuum in Amazon Forest canopy trees
Authors: Signori‐Müller Caroline , Oliveira Rafael S. , Valentim Tavares Julia , Carvalho Diniz Francisco , Gilpin Martin , de V. Barros Fernanda , Marca Zevallos Manuel J. , Salas Yupayccana Carlos A. , Nina Alex , Brum Mauro , Baker Timothy R. , Cosio Eric G. , Malhi Yadvinder , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel , Phillips Oliver L. , Rowland Lucy , Salinas Norma , Vasquez Rodolfo , Mencuccini Maurizio , Galbraith David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Tropical tree species span a range of life‐history strategies within a fast–slow continuum. The position of a species within this continuum is thought to reflect a negative relationship between growth and storage, with fast‐growing species allocating more carbon to growth and slow‐growing species investing more in storage. For tropical species, the relationship between storage and life‐history strategies has been largely studied on seedlings and less so in adult trees.

We evaluated how stored non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) vary across adult trees spanning the fast–slow continuum in the Peruvian Amazon by: (a) analysing whole‐tree NSC in two species of contrasting growth and (b) investigating the relationships with key life‐history traits across a broader set of species.

Our results are consistent with a growth–storage trade‐off. The analysis of whole‐tree NSC revealed that the slow‐growing Eschweilera coriacea stored about 2.7 times as much NSC as the fast‐growing Bixa arborea due to markedly higher storage in woody stems and roots. B. arborea also had higher seasonality in NSC, reflecting its strong seasonality in stem growth. Across a range of species, stem starch was negatively related to species growth rate and positively related to wood density.

Given the role of NSC in mediating plants' response to stress, our results suggest that slow‐growing species with greater storage reserves may be more resilient to drought than fast‐growing species.
A multi‐site method to capture turnover in rare to common interactions in bipartite species networks
Authors: Henriksen Marie V. , Latombe Guillaume , Chapple David G. , Chown Steven L. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Ecological network structure is maintained by a generalist core of common species. However, rare species contribute substantially to both the species and functional diversity of networks. Capturing changes in species composition and interactions, measured as turnover, is central to understanding the contribution of rare and common species and their interactions. Due to a large contribution of rare interactions, the pairwise metrics used to quantify interaction turnover are, however, sensitive to compositional change in the interactions of, often rare, peripheral specialists rather than common generalists in the network.

Here we expand on pairwise interaction turnover using a multi‐site metric that enables quantifying turnover in rare to common interactions (in terms of occurrence of interactions). The metric further separates this turnover into interaction turnover due to species turnover and interaction rewiring.

We demonstrate the application and value of this method using a host–parasitoid system sampled along gradients of environmental modification.

In the study system, both the type and amount of habitat needed to maintain interaction composition depended on the properties of the interactions considered, that is, from rare to common. The analyses further revealed the potential of host switching to prevent or delay species loss, and thereby buffer the system from perturbation.

Multi‐site interaction turnover provides a comprehensive measure of network change that can, for example, detect ecological thresholds to habitat loss for rare to common interactions. Accurate description of turnover in common, in addition to rare, species and their interactions is particularly relevant for understanding how network structure and function can be maintained.
Do U.S. Investors Value Foreign Component Auditors?
Authors: CHEN BINGYI , CONAWAY JENELLE K. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe examine whether investors consider foreign component auditors when assessing the value of U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) using two sets of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) international regulatory events. We find investors react negatively when the PCAOB is denied access to inspect foreign component auditors in jurisdictions where a U.S. MNC has significant operations and positively when those countries later allow inspection. For foreign component auditors that are inspected, we find investors react positively when they receive clean inspection reports and negatively when they fail to remediate quality control deficiencies. Consistent with PCAOB international oversight providing additional assurance about foreign component auditor quality, our collective results indicate investors consider foreign component auditors when valuing U.S. MNCs.
Costs of an environmental regulation in livestock farming: Evidence from pig production in rural China
Authors: Chen Shuai , Ji Chen , Jin Songqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the cost and benefit of one of the most stringent Chinese environmental regulations that led to a shutdown of a large number of livestock farms. The temporal and spatial variation in programme implementation allows us to employ a staggered difference‐in‐difference (DID) to identify the causal effects of the regulation. Our DID estimates show that while the regulation significantly reduced NH3‐N, it has no significant effect on the other three important livestock related pollutants (pH, DO and COD). In contrast, the regulation consistently reduced the number of pigs slaughtered, inventory of live pigs and pork production by 8.3%, 10.3% and 11.2%, which alone is equivalent to a 2.9 percentage point loss of China's entire agricultural output value in 2016. Further analyses reveal evidence of partial substitution between pig and other livestock animals and the possibility of relocation to other regions. The policy‐induced reduction in export and increase in pork price is consistent with the reduction of pig and pork production. Overall, we find that the regulation achieved rather limited environmental benefit at a large economic cost.
Characterization and differentiation of aluminum powders used in improvised explosive devices. Part 2: Micromorphometric method refinement and preliminary statistical analysis
Authors: Ommen Danica M. , Baldaino JenaMarie , Saunders Christopher P. , Hietpas Jack , Buscaglia JoAnn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAluminum (Al) powder is commonly encountered in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) as a metallic fuel due to its availability and low cost. Although available commercially in powder form, amateur bomb‐makers also produce their own Al powder via simple methods found online. In order to provide investigative leads and forensic intelligence, it is important to evaluate not only the composition of homemade devices, but also to distinguish between the various forms of Al powder they contain. To achieve this goal, a method using automated microscopy in combination with statistical techniques has been demonstrated to have the potential to provide source discrimination and investigative leads in source attribution of Al powders in IEDs. The present research refined this method and investigated 59 industrially and amateurly produced Al powder sources with seven subsamples per source using two traditional linear discriminant analyses (LDA), one with a standard data split for training and testing, and another using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Averaging the classification accuracies for the two LDA‐based analyses, LDA has the ability to correctly classify 59.26%, 83.35%, and 80.69% of the samples based on their powder source, type, and production method, respectively. This classification accuracy represents a 3407%, 317%, and 61.38% increase in accuracy from random class assignment, respectively. Further, in most instances of incorrect data attribution to a particular source, the subsample has been misidentified with another sample of the same powder type or production method.
Non‐incisional pleurectomy/decortication for malignant mesothelioma after cardiac surgery
Authors: Miura Kentaro , Shimizu Kimihiro , Hasegawa Seiki , Koike Sachie , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Takeda Tetsu , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Takizawa Momoko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 70‐year‐old man diagnosed with right‐sided malignant epithelial pleural mesothelioma, underwent pleurectomy/decortication after three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. He had a history of mitral valve replacement and maze procedure with median sternotomy, and the procedures resulted in strong adhesion from the apex to the mediastinal side. In particular, the peeling of the area where the tumor invaded the pericardium required the most attention; however, the involved pericardium could be partially resected without damaging the right atrium. Finally, en bloc macroscopic complete resection with the entire pleura was successfully performed without conversion to extrapleural pneumonectomy.
Trend of lung cancer surgery, hospital selection, and survival between 2005 and 2016 in South Korea
Authors: Kim Dohun , Kang Gil‐Won , Jang Hoyeon , Cho Jun Yeun , Yang Bumhee , Yang Hee Chul , Hwang Jinwook 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the clinical implication of hospital selection for patients with lung cancer are few. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze 2005–2016 data from the Korean national database to assess annual trends of lung cancer surgery and clinical outcomes according to hospital selection.MethodsData of 212 554 patients with lung cancer who underwent upfront surgery were screened. Trends according to sex, age, residence, and income were examined. Descriptive statistics were performed, and ptrend values were estimated. The association between survival and hospital selection was assessed using the log‐rank test. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 49 021 patients were included in this study. Surgery was prevalent among men, patients aged 61–75 years, capital area residents, and high‐income patients. However, with the increasing rate of surgery among women, patients aged ≥76 years, city residents, and middle‐income patients, the current distribution of lung cancer surgery could change. The rate of lobectomy among these groups increased. All patients, except those in capital areas, preferred a hospital outside their area of residence (HOR); the number of patients with this tendency also increased. However, this trend was not observed among low‐income patients and those aged ≥76 years. There were significant differences in survival according to hospital selection.ConclusionsThe trend of lung cancer surgery is changing. The current medical system is effective in providing lobectomy for patients including women, aged ≥76 years, city residents, and middle‐income. Increasing tendency to choose an HOR requires further study.
A randomised controlled trial of psychotherapy and cognitive remediation to target cognition in mood disorders
Authors: Douglas Katie M. , Groves Samantha , Crowe Marie T. , Inder Maree L. , Jordan Jennifer , Carlyle Dave , Wells Hayley , Beaglehole Ben , Mulder Roger , Lacey Cameron , Luty Suzanne E. , Eggleston Kate , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Bowie Christopher R. , Porter Richard J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of a treatment package combining Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) and cognitive remediation (CR), vs IPSRT alone, on cognition, functioning, and mood disturbance outcomes in mood disorders.MethodsA pragmatic randomised controlled trial in adults with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD), recently discharged from mental health services in Christchurch, New Zealand, with subjective cognitive difficulties. Individuals were randomised to a 12‐month course of IPSRT with CR (IPSRT‐CR), or without CR (IPSRT). In IPSRT‐CR, CR was incorporated into therapy sessions from approximately session 5 and continued for 12 sessions. The primary outcome was change in Global Cognition (baseline to 12 months).ResultsSixty‐eight individuals (BD n = 26, MDD n = 42; full/partial remission n = 39) were randomised to receive IPSRT‐CR or IPSRT (both n = 34). Across treatment arms, individuals received an average of 23 IPSRT sessions. Change in Global Cognition did not differ between arms from baseline to treatment‐end (12 months). Psychosocial functioning and longitudinal depression symptoms improved significantly more in the IPSRT compared with IPSRT‐CR arm over 12 months, and all measures of functioning and mood symptoms showed moderate effect size differences favouring IPSRT (0.41–0.60). At 18 months, small to moderate, non‐significant benefits (0.26–0.47) of IPSRT vs IPSRT‐CR were found on functioning and mood outcomes.ConclusionsCombining two psychological therapies to target symptomatic and cognitive/functional recovery may reduce the effect of IPSRT, which has implications for treatment planning in clinical practice and for CR trials in mood disorders.
Group size mediates effects of intraspecific competition and forest structure on productivity in a recovering social woodpecker population
Authors: Garabedian J. E. , Moorman C. E. , Peterson M. N. , Kilgo J. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConservation of endangered social wildlife in disturbance‐prone forests is challenging because direct and indirect effects of management strategies developed at the time of species’ listing when population density is low may change under high‐density conditions in locally recovered populations. Here, we used piecewise structural equation modeling to evaluate direct and indirect drivers of productivity in the federally endangered cooperatively breeding red‐cockaded woodpeckerDryobates borealis(RCW) on Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. We estimated direct and indirect relationships among group size, neighboring group sizes, fledgling production, density of cavity tree clusters occupied by RCWs, area satisfying threshold criteria of ≥22 stems ha−1of pines ≥35.6 cm diameter at breast height (dbh), <1.4 m2 ha−1basal area (BA) of hardwoods 7.6–22.9 cm dbh, and <6% hardwood canopy cover, and area treated with prescribed fire, and tested whether group size mediated indirect effects of area satisfying threshold criteria on fledgling production. Increases in area with ≥22 stems ha−1of pines ≥35.6 cm dbh and <1.4 m2 ha−1BA of hardwoods 7.6–22.9 cm dbh, and area treated with prescribed fire, but not area with <6% hardwood canopy cover, had direct positive effects on group size. Group size and area treated with prescribed fire, but not area satisfying threshold criteria, had direct positive effects on fledgling production. The direct effect of neighboring group sizes on fledgling production was negative and smaller relative to the direct positive effect of group size on fledgling production. Overall, our results indicate positive direct effects of group size on fledgling production outweighed negative direct effects of neighboring group sizes, and that group size mediated positive indirect effects of area satisfying structural threshold criteria on fledgling production. These findings indicate that ongoing forest management aimed to increase area with ≥22 pines ha−1≥35.6 cm dbh and <1.4 m2 ha−1BA of hardwoods 7.6–22.9 cm dbh will promote large group sizes, which in turn improve fledgling production and offset costs of heightened competition with neighboring groups under high‐density conditions. Additionally, positive effects of area treated with prescribed fire on RCW group size and fledgling production indicate prescribed fire has unique contributions to woodpecker productivity, likely via direct effects on forest structure and potentially indirect effects on arthropod prey available to foraging RCWs. By simultaneously accounting for multiple drivers of productivity in social wildlife, our study contributes to the understanding of how increases in social wildlife population sizes can alter previously documented habitat‐fitness relationships.
Role of IL‐18‐transformed CD274‐expressing eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in experimental asthma
Authors: Mishra Anil , Majid Dewan , Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , Yadavalli Chandra Sekhar , Upparahalli Venkateshaiah Sathisha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIL‐5‐dependent residential and IL‐18‐transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL‐18‐transformed CD274‐expressing pathogenic eosinophils compared to IL‐5‐generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in asthma has not yet been examined.MethodsEosinophils are detected by tissue anti‐MBP and anti‐EPX immunostaining, CD274 expression by flow cytometry, and airway resistance using the Buxco FinePointe RC system.ResultsWe show that A. fumigatus‐challenged wild‐type mice, and different gene‐deficient mice including naïve CC10‐IL‐18‐transgenic mice, accumulate mostly peribronchial and perivascular CD274‐expressing eosinophils except naïve CD2‐IL‐5‐transgenic mice. Additionally, we show that CD2‐IL‐5 transgenic mice following rIL‐18 treatment accumulate high number of CD274‐expressing perivascular and peribronchial eosinophils with induced collagen, goblet cell hyperplasia and airway resistance compared to saline‐challenged CD2‐IL5 transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also show that even A. fumigatus‐challenged IL‐5
−/− mice and rIL‐18 given ΔdblGATA mice accumulate CD274‐expressing eosinophil‐associated asthma pathogenesis including airway obstruction. Most importantly, we provide evidence that neutralization of CD274 and IL‐18 in A. fumigatus‐challenged mice ameliorate experimental asthma. Taken together, the data presented are clinically significant in establishing that anti‐IL‐18 neutralization is a novel immunotherapy to restrict asthma pathogenesis.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that IL‐18 is critical for inducing asthma pathogenesis, and neutralization of CD274 is a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for asthma.
Distribution shifts, potential refugia, and the performance of protected areas under climate change in the Araucaria moist forests ecoregion
Authors: Saraiva Daniel Dutra , Esser Luíz Fernando , Grasel Daniel , Jarenkow João André 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimAraucaria moist forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their strict climatic requirements and patchy distribution. Therefore, identifying areas where these forests are expected to lose or retain climatically suitable space (i.e., climate change refugia) is urgently required. Here, we modeled the current and future climatic suitability for Araucaria moist forests aiming: (a) to identify areas of suitable climate (i.e., in situ and ex situ refugia); (b) to identify areas of climate retraction; and (c) to assess the effectiveness of protected areas to capture climatically suitable space.LocationAraucaria moist forests ecoregion, southern Brazil and northeast Argentina.MethodsWe mapped the potential distribution of Araucaria moist forests using an ensemble forecasting approach with 18 indicator tree species (all wet‐ and cold‐adapted taxa), six algorithms, eight global circulation models, three representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and three periods (current, 2050, and 2070).ResultsWe predicted substantial losses of future climatic suitability across almost the entire range where these forests occur, ranging from 43% to 64% under optimistic (RCP4.5/2050) and high‐emissions (RCP8.5/2070) scenarios. We found that the protected‐areas network captured only 3% of the climatically suitable space under current conditions. We found that only 4% (top 1% of cells) and 12% (top 5% of cells) of the potential refugia would be protected in the future, with less than half of their areas corresponding to in situ refugia.ConclusionsProjected losses of potential distribution and the low efficacy of protected areas to buffer climate change impacts point to a high‐risk scenario for Araucaria moist forests in the near future. Cold‐adapted tree species likely will face increased extinction risk, especially as climate change will interact with other anthropogenic drivers.