bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of frequent versus conventional nutritional interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kawabata Nao , Okada Kenta , Ando Akihiko , Kurashina Tomoyuki , Takahashi Manabu , Wakabayashi Tetsuji , Nagata Daisuke , Kusano Eiji , Mogi Satsuki , Sato Toshiko , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Ishibashi Shun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether frequent nutritional education improves the clinical parameters associated with the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease were randomly assigned to the intensive intervention group that received nutritional education at every outpatient visit, and the usual intervention group that received nutritional education once a year. The anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, blood chemistry, albuminuria, protein and salt intake, and prescribed medications of 87 patients who completed the 2‐year follow up were analyzed.ResultsIn the intensive intervention group, body mass index and salt intake significantly decreased over the study period. Hemoglobin A1c levels and body fat percentage were significantly lower in the intensive intervention group than in the usual intervention group. At the end of the 2‐year intervention period, the intensive intervention group had significantly lower salt intake (8.1 vs 9.4 g/day) than the usual intervention group. A significant positive correlation was found between salt intake and albuminuria in the overall group and intensive intervention group (r = 0.26, P = 0.02, and r = 0.36, P = 0.02, respectively). The intensive intervention group had a significantly lower insulin use rate than the usual intervention group after the 2‐year intervention period (18% vs 42%). No differences were found in estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria.ConclusionIntensive nutritional education is useful for alleviating the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease.
Evaluating the effects of controlled flows on historical spawning site access, reproduction and recruitment of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens
Authors: Friday Mike , Haxton Tim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens spawn at the base of Kakabeka Falls, a 39 m waterfall on the Kaministiquia River, a tributary to Lake Superior. Access to this historical spawning site can be restricted or delayed due to hydroelectric flow fluctuations that coincide with the A. fulvescens spawning season. The objectives of this study were to determine (a) the necessary flow conditions that facilitate spawning site access; (b) quantity and duration of flow required for successful spawning and dispersal of larvae; and (c) evaluate recruitment of juvenile A. fulvescens in relation to flow. A. fulvescens spawning migrations were tracked using a stationary telemetry receiver that logged the movements of 166 A. fulvescens fitted with radio‐transmitters. Unrestricted access to the spawning site was facilitated when spawning flow was controlled at 23 m3 s−1 in 2004 and 17 m3 s−1 in 2006. Fluctuating (0.5–8.5 m3 s−1) and delayed spawning flows resulted in restricted and delayed access to the spawning site. Flow duration for successful egg incubation, hatch and larval dispersal was determined by sampling larvae using drift nets and quantified using cumulative temperature units (CTU). Over 10 years, 10,083 larvae were captured between 31 May and 20 July with 97% of the drift occurring prior to 30 June. From the date of first spawning to the end of larval dispersal took an average of 38.6 days, and the mean CTU value was 398.6. In general, a minimum flow of approximately 14.5 m3 s−1 from the date of initial spawning to the accumulation of c. 400 CTU ensured successful hatch and larval dispersal. During the timeframe of this study, recruitment was variable. This study described the complex and variable reproductive life history of A. fulvescens and defined spawning flow requirements ecologically, which can be used to develop operational provisions at hydropower facilities to ensure successful reproduction.
Comparative Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Two Types of Artificial Teeth Bonded To Two Types of Denture Base Resins
Authors: Helal Mohamed A. , Al‐Gazzar Ahmed E. , Abas Mohamed , Akhtar Sultan , Gad Mohammed M. , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis in vitro study aims to assess the impact of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two types of artificial teeth and denture base resins (DBRs).Materials and MethodsTwo types of DBRs (CAD/CAM‐milled and heat‐polymerized) and two types of denture teeth (acrylic and composite) were investigated. Teeth were cut into slices (5 × 5 × 2 mm) and divided according to surface treatment into four subgroups (n = 10): no treatment (control), air abrasion (Alumina‐blasting; AB), bur roughening, and dichloromethane (DCM) subgroups. According to manufacturer recommendations, the treated tooth slices were bonded to the acrylic disk of DBRs. The SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. ANOVA was used for results analysis followed by Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsDCM and AB increased the SBS of acrylic teeth to heat‐polymerized DBR compared with other groups (p < 0.001). All surface treatments showed no significant difference in CAD/CAM DBR with acrylic teeth (p = 0.059; AB, p = 0.319; bur roughening, p = 0.895; DCM), while there was a significant decrease in SBS with composite teeth (p ˂ 0.001). Between teeth, acrylic teeth showed a statistically significant increase in SBS compared to composite teeth (p < 0.001).ConclusionAB and DCM application improved the SBS for acrylic teeth with the heat‐polymerized DBR when compared with the untreated group, but none of the surface treatment agents showed significant improvement with CAD/CAM DBR. All surface treatment agents reduced the SBS for composite teeth with CAD/CAM DBR while AB only increased the SBS with heat‐polymerized DBR.
Play and psychological safety: An ethnography of innovative work
Authors: Mukerjee Jinia , Metiu Anca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on ethnographic field research in a high‐tech firm, we develop a process study of the complex and highly recursive relationship between play and the psychological safety that is key to innovation. Through our focus on play episodes, we identify several distinct play practices: generalized initiation of play, amplifying play, diffusion of play, and engagement in demonstrative behavior. We show how these practices generate psychological safety via two mechanisms: vulnerability and comradeship. Psychological safety is both a result and a reinforcer of play practices. Once established, psychological safety fosters several work processes on which innovation rests, namely engendering new ideas, finding collaborators, intensifying effort, and addressing difficult conversations and conflict. By articulating the mechanisms and feedback loops connecting play practices with psychological safety, our inductive model advances the understanding of the conditions that enable innovation in contemporary organizations.
CircRNA Lrp6 promotes cementoblast differentiation via miR‐145a‐5p/Zeb2 axis
Authors: Li Mengying , Du Mingyuan , Wang Yunlong , Zhu Jiaqi , Pan Jiawen , Cao Zhengguo , He Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCementum is a part of the periodontium and anchors periodontal ligaments to the alveolar bone. Cementoblasts are responsible for the cementum formation via matrix deposition and subsequently mineralization. Thus, exploring novel mechanisms underlying the function of cementoblast contributes to the treatment of cementum damage. Recently, circRNA Lrp6 (circLRP6) has been of interest due to its active role in cell differentiation, but its potential role in cementoblast differentiation remains unclear. Herein, we attempted to elucidate the role of circLRP6 in cementoblast differentiation and clarify any associated mechanisms.Material and MethodsThe mRNA expressions of circLRP6, miR‐145a‐5p, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (Opn), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp) were evaluated by qRT‐PCR. The protein levels of Zeb2 were measured by Western blot. Bioinformatic analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were used to test the potential binding targets of miR‐145a‐5p. The differentiation potentials of the cementoblasts were assessed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, Alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and quantification.ResultsIn this study, circLRP6 was significantly upregulated in cementoblast differentiation. Furthermore, circLRP6 knockdown inhibited ALP levels, reduced calcium nodule formation and the expression of Runx2, Opn, and Bsp. Mechanically, bioinformatic analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays confirmed miR‐145a‐5p was a potential binding target of circLRP6. miR‐145a‐5p can negatively regulate cementoblast differentiation. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays confirmed Zeb2 was a potential miR‐145a‐5p target. miR‐145a‐5p overexpression resulted in a downregulation of Zeb2. Furthermore, Zeb2 inhibition partially reversed the effect of circLRP6 during cementoblast differentiation.ConclusionTaken together, circLRP6 appears to modulate cementoblast differentiation by antagonizing the function of miR‐145a‐5p, thereby increasing Zeb2. This study serves as a stepping stone for the potential development of an approach to promote cementum formation.
The role of digital health technology in rural cancer care delivery: A systematic review
Authors: Morris Bonny B. , Rossi Brianna , Fuemmeler Bernard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeRural residents face higher cancer incidence rates and mortality rates, disparities that could be mitigated with health technology interventions, yet a digital divide is also apparent. This paper systematically and critically examines existing literature to understand how digital technologies have been used to support rural oncology care.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched using Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords. Studies were eligible if they presented empirical data investigating the use of technology in rural oncology and were published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal within the last decade. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess methodological quality.FindingsDigital health has been less extensively utilized in rural oncology compared with the general cancer population and other chronic diseases. We identified 54 studies that used technology in rural cancer care delivery, a comparatively small number, representing a significant gap in the literature. Studies were classified into 4 categories: Telemedicine (n = 32), phone calls (n = 11), Internet (n = 9), and mobile phone (n = 2). Of the 54 articles, 12 were RCTs, 17 were quasi‐experimental, 3 were descriptive, 12 were mixed methods, and 10 were qualitative. Most of the studies involved patients only (n = 31) and were not specific to a cancer type (n = 41).ConclusionsFurther implementation and expansion of telemedicine and phone‐based strategies in rural cancer care delivery are warranted. Rural cancer survivors value digital approaches to their care. However, social and behavioral determinants of health and access to technology must be considered.
The geography of diet variation in Neotropical Carnivora
Authors: Cruz Lívia R. , Muylaert Renata L. , Galetti Mauro , Pires Mathias M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Mammalian carnivores (order Carnivora) perform important regulatory functions in terrestrial food webs. Building a comprehensive knowledge of the dietary patterns of carnivorans and the factors determining such patterns is essential for improving our understanding of the role of carnivorans in ecosystem functioning.

In the Neotropics, there are 64 extant species of terrestrial Carnivora, but information on their trophic ecology is diffuse. We compiled and analysed the available quantitative dietary data for Neotropical carnivorans, aiming to detect patterns of intraspecific and interspecific dietary variation at a large geographical scale.

The resulting database encompasses information on trophic interactions of 37 native carnivoran species from six families across 14 countries. There are clear geographical biases towards southern Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, and a noticeable knowledge gap within the Amazon. Also, most studies are focused on canids and felids, especially Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus pardalis, and Chrysocyon brachyurus, whereas for 27 native species, we found no quantitative dietary information.

Neotropical carnivorans consume species from at least 651 genera of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. We found clear species‐specific dietary patterns and marked differences between Neotropical felids and canids. Although predators generally exhibit high levels of consistency in their diets regarding prey body mass, we detected significant intraspecific variation for all species analysed across study sites.

Body mass imposes strong constraints on prey use, but biogeographical differences in prey availability and human influence may drive the geographical variation we found. Overall, observed patterns show not only similarities with resource‐use patterns found for carnivorans in other continents, such as nestedness driven by body mass, but also differences, such as high levels of frugivory and consumption of invertebrates by canids. Assessing resource‐use patterns is the first step towards a better understanding of processes underlying the organisation of trophic interactions, and is imperative for addressing impacts of defaunation on ecosystems and for informing conservation efforts.
A reply to “Estimating a bilateral J‐curve between the UK and the euro area: An asymmetric analysis”
Authors: Michail Nektarios A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2018, I published an article in this journal aiming to examine whether the UK could potentially benefit from the depreciation of the pound following the Brexit decision. During this year's issue, a study by Bahmani‐Oskooee and Karamelikli (2021) suggested that the findings of said article were based on sign misinterpretation. In this article, I explain that the misunderstanding that has arisen is due to an incorrect definition of a variable in the appendix. When the revised definition is taken into consideration, the conclusions reached still hold.
Mechanics and hydraulics of pollen tube growth
Authors: Dumais Jacques 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAll kingdoms of life have evolved tip‐growing cells able to mine their environment or deliver cargo to remote targets. The basic cellular processes supporting these functions are understood in increasing detail, but the multiple interactions between them lead to complex responses that require quantitative models to be disentangled. Here, I review the equations that capture the fundamental interactions between wall mechanics and cell hydraulics starting with a detailed presentation of James Lockhart’s seminal model. The homeostatic feedbacks needed to maintain a steady tip velocity are then shown to offer a credible explanation for the pulsatile growth observed in some tip‐growing cells. Turgor pressure emerges as a central variable whose role in the morphogenetic process has been a source of controversy for more than 50 yr. I argue that recasting Lockhart’s work as a process of chemical stress relaxation can clarify how cells control tip growth and help us internalise the important but passive role played by turgor pressure in the morphogenetic process.
Toward the massive genome ofProteus anguinus—illuminating longevity, regeneration, convergent evolution, and metabolic disorders
Authors: Kostanjšek Rok , Diderichsen Børge , Recknagel Hans , Gunde‐Cimerman Nina , Gostinčar Cene , Fan Guangyi , Kordiš Dušan , Trontelj Peter , Jiang Hui , Bolund Lars , Luo Yonglun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeciphering the genetic code of organisms with unusual phenotypes can help answer fundamental biological questions and provide insight into mechanisms relevant to human biomedical research. The cave salamanderProteus anguinus(Urodela: Proteidae), also known as the olm, is an example of a species with unique morphological and physiological adaptations to its subterranean environment, including regenerative abilities, resistance to prolonged starvation, and a life span of more than 100 years. However, the structure and sequence of the olm genome is still largely unknown owing to its enormous size, estimated at nearly 50 gigabases. An international Proteus Genome Research Consortium has been formed to decipher the olm genome. This perspective provides the scientific and biomedical rationale for exploring the olm genome and outlines potential outcomes, challenges, and methodological approaches required to analyze and annotate the genome of this unique amphibian.
Educational Gender Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Long‐Term Perspective
Authors: Baten Joerg , de Haas Michiel , Kempter Elisabeth , Meier zu Selhausen Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo what extent did sub‐Saharan Africa's twentieth century schooling revolution benefit boys and girls equally? Using census data and a cohort approach, we examine gender gaps in years of education over the twentieth century at world region, country and district levels. First, we find that compared to other developing regions, Africa had a small initial educational gender gap but subsequently made the least progress in closing the gap. Second, in most of the 21 African countries studied, gender gaps increased during most of the colonial era (ca. 1880–1960) and declined, albeit at different rates, after independence. At the world region and country level, the expansion of men's education was initially associated with a growing gender gap, and subsequently a decline, a pattern we refer to as “educational gender Kuznets curve.” Third, using data from six decadal cohorts across 1,177 birth districts, we explore subnational correlates of educational gender inequality. This confirms the inverse‐U relationship between the gender gap and male education. We also find that districts with railroads, more urbanization and early twentieth century Christian missions witnessed lower attainment gaps. We find no evidence that cash crop cultivation, agricultural division of labor or family systems were linked to gender gaps.
An Enduring Institution? Child Fostering in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Cotton Cassandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChild fostering has been documented over time in many parts of sub‐Saharan Africa. We know little, however, about how the prevalence of fostering differs across countries and broad regions, nor about how fostering—and its predictors—has changed within countries over time. To explore prevalence, trends, and predictors of child fostering, I leverage Demographic and Health Survey data of mothers of children aged 0–15 from 139 surveys in 36 countries collected between 1986 and 2019, representing all regions of sub‐Saharan Africa. Results suggest striking variation in the prevalence of contemporary fostering, ranging from 11.5 percent of mothers in Burundi to 45.7 percent in Namibia in the most recent survey. Fostering trends have fluctuated over time in the majority of countries, but have remained broadly stable, with random and fixed‐effects models indicating that the key correlates across and within countries over time have remained stable, with the prevalence of never‐married motherhood playing a key role in fostering. Together, results suggest child fostering remains an enduring institution in family life throughout sub‐Saharan Africa.
Two types of O‐methyltransferase are involved in biosynthesis of anticancer methoxylated 4′‐deoxyflavones in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Authors: Cui Meng‐Ying , Lu An‐Rui , Li Jian‐Xu , Liu Jie , Fang Yu‐Min , Pei Tian‐Lin , Zhong Xin , Wei Yu‐Kun , Kong Yu , Qiu Wen‐Qing , Hu Yong‐Hong , Yang Jun , Chen Xiao‐Ya , Martin Cathie , Zhao Qing 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is rich in specialized 4′‐deoxyflavones, which are reported to have many health‐promoting properties. We assayed Scutellaria flavones with different methoxyl groups on human cancer cell lines and found that polymethoxylated 4′‐deoxyflavones, like skullcapflavone I and tenaxin I have stronger ability to induce apoptosis compared to unmethylated baicalein, showing that methoxylation enhances bioactivity as well as the physical properties of specialized flavones, while having no side‐effects on healthy cells. We investigated the formation of methoxylated flavones and found that two O‐methyltransferase (OMT) families are active in the roots of S. baicalensis. The Type II OMTs, SbPFOMT2 and SbPFOMT5, decorate one of two adjacent hydroxyl groups on flavones and are responsible for methylation on the C6, 8 and 3′‐hydroxyl positions, to form oroxylin A, tenaxin II and chrysoeriol respectively. The Type I OMTs, SbFOMT3, SbFOMT5 and SbFOMT6 account mainly for C7‐methoxylation of flavones, but SbFOMT5 can also methylate baicalein on its C5 and C6‐hydroxyl positions. The dimethoxylated flavone, skullcapflavone I (found naturally in roots of S. baicalensis) can be produced in yeast by co‐expressing SbPFOMT5 plus SbFOMT6 when the appropriately hydroxylated 4′‐deoxyflavone substrates are supplied in the medium. Co‐expression of SbPFOMT5 plus SbFOMT5 in yeast produced tenaxin I, also found in Scutellaria roots. This work showed that both type I and type II OMT enzymes are involved in biosynthesis of methoxylated flavones in S. baicalensis.
Variations in magmatism and the state of tectonic compensation of the Mariana subduction system
Authors: Li Hongyu , Lin Jian , Zhou Zhiyuan , Zhang Fan , Guo Laiyin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate the variations in the state of isostatic compensation of the Mariana subduction system. We first calculate and analyse the gravity‐derived crustal thickness and non‐isostatic topography of this region. The Mariana back‐arc spreading centre and West Mariana Ridge are both close to Airy isostatic compensation. In contrast, the Mariana Trench axis is associated with a clearly defined zone of negative non‐isostatic topography and free‐air gravity anomaly (FAA), which have been shown to be caused by the flexural bending of the subducting Pacific Plate. The new analyses reveal that the southern Mariana Arc at 12.5°–16.7°N is associated with positive non‐isostatic topography and a local zone of positive FAA, which we interpret to be the result of accretion of young volcanism on a relatively strong lithospheric plate and/or supported by the tectonic stresses induced by the interaction of the subducting Pacific Plate with the upper Mariana micro‐plate.