bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anion Effect on the Formation of Zinc‐Salicyaldimine Compounds in Neutral and Anionic Complex Forms: Synthesis, Characterization, 1H NMR Studies, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Jung , Su Yo‐Ting , Wu Jing‐Yun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReactions of Zn(BF4)2 and ZnCl2 with a nitrile‐functionalized salicyaldimine ligand, 3‐(salicylideneimino)benzonitrile (Hsal‐3‐PhCN), in both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 stoichiometry of metal‐to‐ligand, afforded zinc‐salicyaldimine compounds [Zn(sal‐3‐PhCN)2] (1) and [HNEt3][Zn(sal‐3‐PhCN)Cl2] (2), respectively. Compound 1 is a neutral zinc‐salicyaldimine complex, where the Zn(II) center is in a distorted {ZnN2O2} tetrahedral geometry, made up of two sal‐3‐PhCN ligands both in the N,O‐chelating mode. Comparably, 2 is an ionic zinc‐salicyaldimine compound, where the Zn(II) center is in a distorted {ZnNOCl2} tetrahedral geometry, made up of one sal‐3‐PhCN ligand in the N,O‐chelating mode and two chloro ligands. The results indicate that neutral and anionic forms of zinc‐salicyaldimine complexes would form under the domination of anion with different zinc‐binding abilities. 1H NMR studies indicate different degrees of decomplexation of 2 in different solvents, leading to a dynamic equilibrium between the zinc‐salicyaldimine complex form and the neutral form of salicyaldimine ligand. This is achieved by proton transfer and interpreted by the hydrogen‐bonding properties of the solvents. Photophysical studies reveal that Hsal‐3‐PhCN exhibited weak yellow fluorescence (λem=554 nm) while 1 and 2 emitted strong blue (λem=472 nm) and green (λem=504 nm) fluorescence, respectively, in solid‐state, and in comparison, much weaker emissions in solution phases.
The effect of oxygen concentration on selected industrial products in the open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter
Authors: Barton John , Rios Oriol , Runefors Marcus , van Hees Patrick 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPast research on the effect of oxygen concentration on the heat release rate and carbon monoxide yield has focused on materials in isolation and there is a lack of research that studies end‐use products. This paper investigates the effect of oxygen concentration on the heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA) and carbon monoxide yield for two different cables and a mineral oil used as an operating fluid for vacuum pumps. A standard cone calorimeter was used to conduct the tests at an ambient oxygen concentration of 21% and an open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (OCACC) was used for the tests conducted below 21%. The OCACC allows cone calorimeter tests to be run at different oxygen concentrations by attaching a chamber to the standard cone calorimeter. The effects of oxygen concentration on the HRRPUA and carbon monoxide yield for the cables were limited when there was flaming over the entire exposed surface area. For the mineral oil, there was a large decrease in the HRPPUA at a reduced oxygen concentration, but the carbon monoxide yield appeared to be unaffected.
Grazing intensity and human activity intensity data sets on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau during 1990–2015
Authors: Sun Yongxiu , Liu Shiliang , Liu Yixuan , Dong Yuhong , Li Mingqi , An Yi , Shi Fangning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the ‘third pole’ of the world, the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is extremely ecologically sensitive and fragile, while also facing increasing levels of human activity, especially overgrazing. In this study, livestock data from the statistical yearbook were transformed to 1 km grazing intensity raster data by integrating the net primary productivity (NPP) data for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Furthermore, the human activity intensity (HAI) data at 1 km resolution were evaluated by the entropy weight method, which applied eight types of spatial data, including grazing intensity, Night‐Time Light, population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) density, the ratio of cultivated land, distance to road, distance to town and the slope of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Also, the five‐year interval human activity intensity data on the QTP from 1990 to 2015 were evaluated. By preparing the historical spatial data sets of grazing intensity and human activity intensity, our study will help to explore the influence of human disturbance on the alpine ecosystems on the QTP, as well as provide effective support for the decision‐making of the government aiming to achieve regional ecosystem management and sustainable development.
Ein Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung pfahlartiger Tragglieder beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit
Authors: Gömmel Roland , Neidhart Thomas , Rackwitz Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStabilisierungssäulen (StS) sind hydraulisch gebundene, pfahlartige Tragglieder und werden zur Reduzierung von Setzungen bzw. zur Erhöhung der Gesamtstandsicherheit angewandt. Aufgrund der fehlenden Bewehrung in Verbindung mit häufig geringen Durchmessern sind StS nicht zum planmäßigen Abtrag von Einwirkungen quer zur Traggliedachse geeignet. Der Beitrag erläutert das laterale Tragverhalten unbewehrter pfahlartiger Tragglieder. In einem Überblick werden typische Ansätze zur Berücksichtigung von StS beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit vorgestellt und es wird herausgearbeitet, dass die bestehenden Ansätze den Beitrag der Tragglieder meist unzutreffend berücksichtigen und häufig erheblich überschätzen. Es wird ein numerisches Strukturmodell vorgestellt, mit welchem das laterale Tragverhalten unbewehrter, hydraulisch gebundener, pfahlartiger Tragglieder untersucht wurde. Anhand systematischer Untersuchungen wird dargelegt, wie StS bei lateralen Gleitkörperbewegungen versagen und welche Versagensmechanismen zu erwarten sind. Die Aktivierung des Traggliedquerwiderstands wird für undrainierte Bedingungen anhand eines einfachen mechanischen Modells erläutert und es werden daraus grundsätzliche Hinweise zu Entwurf und Bemessung geotechnischer Konstruktionen mit StS abgeleitet. Schließlich werden zwei Ansätze zur Berücksichtigung von StS beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit im Gleitkreisverfahren nach Bishop vorgestellt und deren Anwendung anhand eines Schadensfalls aufgezeigt.
The ability of detainment bunds to decrease sediments transported from pastoral catchments in surface runoff
Authors: Levine Brian , Burkitt Lucy , Horne Dave , Tanner Chris , Sukias James , Condron Leo , Paterson John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractErosion leading to sedimentation in surface water may disrupt aquatic habitats and deliver sediment‐bound nutrients that contribute to eutrophication. Land use changes causing loss of native vegetation have accelerated already naturally high erosion rates in New Zealand and increased sedimentation in streams and lakes. Sediment‐bound phosphorus (P) makes up 71–79% of the 17–19 t P y−1 delivered from anthropogenic sources to Lake Rotorua in New Zealand. Detainment bunds (DBs) were first implemented in the Lake Rotorua catchment in 2010 as a strategy to address P losses from pastoral agriculture. The bunds are 1.5–2 m high earthen stormwater retention structures constructed across the flow path of targeted low‐order ephemeral streams with the purpose of temporarily ponding runoff on productive pastures. The current DB design protocol recommends a minimum pond volume of 120 m3 ha−1 of contributing catchment with a maximum pond storage capacity of 10 000 m3. No previous study has investigated the ability of DBs to decrease annual suspended sediment (SS) loads leaving pastoral catchments. Annual SS yields delivered to two DBs with 20 ha and 55 ha catchments were 109 and 28 kg SS ha−1, respectively, during this 12‐month study. The DBs retained 1280 kg (59%) and 789 kg (51%) of annual SS loads delivered from the catchments as a result of the bunds' ability to impede stormflow and facilitate soil infiltration and sediment deposition. The results of this study highlight the ability of DBs to decrease SS loads transported from pastures in surface runoff, even during large storm events, and suggests DBs are able to reduce P loading in Lake Rotorua.
Oncophone20 study: Patients’ perception of telemedicine in the COVID‐19 pandemic during follow‐up visits for gynecological and breast cancers
Authors: Picardo Elisa , Baù Maria G. , Anatrone Caterina , Mondino Aurelia , Surace Alessandra , Gallo Federica , Danese Saverio , Mitidieri Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze oncological patients’ perception of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA total of 345 women, of whom 267 experienced breast cancer and 78 experienced a gynecological cancer, were enrolled. Specific questionnaires about their experiences and feelings about telemedicine in the COVID‐19 era were collected.ResultsIn the breast group, “enhanced care” showed moderate positive perception (mean 4.40) among less‐educated women that was slightly lower among better‐educated women (mean 4.14) with a significant difference (P = 0.034). “satisfaction” had an opposite pattern: a mean of 3.99 for a lower level of education and 4.78 for a higher level of education, with a strong significant difference (P < 0.001). “privacy and discomfort” approached neutrality for less‐educated women, while for higher‐educated women the lower mean of 2.93 indicted a more positive perception (P = 0.007). In the pelvic group, younger women had a better perception towards telemedicine for “telemedicine as a substitution” (mean 3.68) compared to older women (mean 3.05). The privacy and discomfort subscale was in favor of better‐educated women (mean 2.57) compared to less‐educated women (mean 3.28; P = 0.042).ConclusionTelemedicine was generally well accepted, not only among younger and higher‐educated women but also by women needing intensive care, in both cancer groups.
Band‐tailored van der Waals heterostructure for multilevel memory and artificial synapse
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zheng Yue , Gao Jing , Jin Tengyu , Li Enlong , Lian Xu , Pan Xuan , Han Cheng , Chen Huipeng , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH)‐based floating gate devices show great potential for next‐generation nonvolatile and multilevel data storage memory. However, high program voltage induced substantial energy consumption, which is one of the primary concerns, hinders their applications in low‐energy‐consumption artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. In this study, we demonstrate a three‐terminal floating gate device based on the vdWH of tin disulfide (SnS2), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and few‐layer graphene. The large electron affinity of SnS2 facilitates a significant reduction in the program voltage of the device by lowering the hole‐injection barrier across h‐BN. Our floating gate device, as a nonvolatile multilevel electronic memory, exhibits large on/off current ratio (~105), good retention (over 104 s), and robust endurance (over 1000 cycles). Moreover, it can function as an artificial synapse to emulate basic synaptic functions. Further, low energy consumption down to ~7 picojoule (pJ) can be achieved owing to the small program voltage. High linearity (<1) and conductance ratio (~80) in long‐term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD) further contribute to the high pattern recognition accuracy (~90%) in artificial neural network simulation. The proposed device with attentive band engineering can promote the future development of energy‐efficient memory and neuromorphic devices.image
Reduced‐form factor augmented VAR—Exploiting sparsity to include meaningful factors
Authors: Beyeler Simon , Kaufmann Sylvia 
Published: July 2021

SummaryInduced sparsity in the factor loading matrix identifies the factor basis, while rotational identification is obtained ex post by clustering methods closely related to machine learning. We extract meaningful economic concepts from a high‐dimensional data set, which together with observed variables follow an unrestricted, reduced‐form VAR process. Including a comprehensive set of economic concepts allows reliable, fundamental structural analysis, even of the factor augmented VAR itself. We illustrate this by combining two structural identification methods to further analyze the model. To account for the shift in monetary policy instruments triggered by the Great Recession, we follow separate strategies to identify monetary policy shocks. Comparing ours to other parametric and non‐parametric factor estimates uncovers advantages of parametric sparse factor estimation in a high dimensional data environment. Besides meaningful factor extraction, we gain precision in the estimation of factor loadings.
A novel automatic 3D stitching algorithm for optical coherence tomography angiography and its application in dermatology
Authors: Ji Yubo , Zhou Kanheng , Ibbotson Sally Helen , Wang Ruikang K. , Li Chunhui , Huang Zhihong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) techniques offer numerous advantages in clinical skin applications but the field of view (FOV) of current commercial systems are relatively limited to cover the entire skin lesion. The typical method to expand the FOV is to apply wide field objective lens. However, lateral resolution is often sacrificed when scanning with these lenses. To overcome this drawback, we developed an automated 3D stitching method for creating high‐resolution skin structure and vascular volumes with large field of view, which was realized by montaging multiple adjacent OCT and OCTA volumes. The proposed stitching method is demonstrated by montaging 3 × 3 OCT and OCTA volumes (nine OCT/OCTA volumes as one data set with each volume covers 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm area) of healthy thin and thick skin from six volunteers. The proposed stitching protocol achieves high flexibility and repeatable for all the participants. Moreover, according to evaluation of structural similarity index and feature similarity index, our proposed stitched result has a superior similarity to single scanning protocol in large‐scaled. We had also verified its improved performance through assessing metrics of vessel contrast‐noise‐ratio (CNR) from 2.07 ± 0.44 (single large‐scaled scanning protocol) to 3.05 ± 0.51 (proposed 3 × 3 sub‐volume stitching method).
Manufacture and preliminary evaluation of acellular tooth roots as allografts for alveolar ridge augmentation
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Lu , Zhang Di , He Xiaoning , Javed Rabia , Ao Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlveolar ridge augmentation can be used to obtain appropriate alveolar ridge for dental implantation. A variety of bone graft materials including autogenous bone, allograft, xenograft, and alloplastic material are used in alveolar ridge augmentation. Autogenous tooth‐derived bone graft material has received much attention for the past few years, because the structure and physicochemical characteristics of tooth are similar to those of bones. Compared to autogenous tooth, allogenic tooth has the advantage of extensive resources. However, the problem of cell‐derived immunological rejection of allogenic tooth remains unresolved. In the present study, acellular tooth root (ATR) is obtained by an innovative combination procedure. The biocompatibility of ATR is assessed using cytotoxicity test, hemolysis test, intracutaneous reactivity test, and acute systemic toxicity test. Osseointegration is evaluated in vivo by implanting ATR into the rat tibia defect as an allograft material. The results show that the ATR has fine biocompatibility, and there is an osseointegration between ATR and bone bed at 8 weeks post operation. This study demonstrates that the ATR could be used in alveolar ridge augmentation as a kind of new tooth‐derived bone graft material.
Charge injection characteristics of sputtered ruthenium oxide electrodes for neural stimulation and recording
Authors: Chakraborty Bitan , Joshi‐Imre Alexandra , Cogan Stuart F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have studied the charge‐injection characteristics and electrochemical impedance of sputtered ruthenium oxide (RuOx) films as electrode coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. RuOx films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering, using a combination of water vapor and oxygen gas as reactive plasma constituents. The cathodal charge storage capacity of planar RuOx electrodes was found to be 54.6 ± 9.5 mC/cm2 (mean ± SD, n = 12), and the charge‐injection capacity in a 0.2‐ms cathodal current pulse was found to be 7.1 ± 0.3 mC/cm2 (mean ± SD, n = 15) at 0.6 V positive bias versus Ag|AgCl, in phosphate buffer saline at room temperature for ~250 nm thick films. In general, the RuOx films exhibited high charge‐injection capacities, with or without a positive interpulse bias, comparable to sputtered iridium oxide (SIROF) coatings. The charge‐injection capacity increased monotonically with film thickness from 120 to 630 nm, and reached 11.30 ± 0.34 mC/cm2 (mean ± SD, n = 5) at 0.6 V bias versus Ag|AgCl at 630 nm film thickness. In addition, RuOx films showed minimal changes in electrochemical characteristics over 1.5 billion cycles of constant current pulsing at a charge density of 408 μC/cm2 (8 nC/phase, 200 μs pulse width). The findings of low‐impedance, high charge‐injection capacity, and long‐term pulsing stability suggest the suitability of RuOx as a comparatively inexpensive and favorable choice of electrode material for neural stimulation and recording.
Introducing new method for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing [1,3]dithiine derivatives, with anticancer and antibacterial activities against common bacterial strains between aquatic and human
Authors: Moghaddam‐Manesh Mohammadreza , Hosseinzadegan Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, glycerol:potassium carbonate used as a green deep eutectic solvent, for synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing [1,3]dithiine derivatives. The antimicrobial properties of the derivatives against Lactococcus garvieae and Edwardsiella tarda were tested as bacterial strains between aquatic and human based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone diameter (IZD). In addition to antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity testing was performed against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells via MTT cell viability assay.
Macrophage inflammatory state influences susceptibility to lysosomal damage
Authors: Wong Amanda O , Marthi Matangi , Haag Amanda , Owusu Irene A , Wobus Christiane E , Swanson Joel A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacrophages possess mechanisms for reinforcing the integrity of their endolysosomes against damage. This property, termed inducible renitence, was previously observed in murine macrophages stimulated with LPS, peptidoglycan, IFNγ, or TNFα, which suggested roles for renitence in macrophage resistance to infection by membrane-damaging pathogens. This study analyzed additional inducers of macrophage differentiation for their ability to increase resistance to lysosomal damage by membrane-damaging particles. Renitence was evident in macrophages activated with LPS plus IFNγ, PGE2, or adenosine, and in macrophages stimulated with IFN-β, but not in macrophages activated with IL-4 or IL-10. These responses indicated roles for macrophage subtypes specialized in host defense and suppression of immune responses, but not those involved in wound healing. Consistent with this pattern, renitence could be induced by stimulation with agonists for TLR, which required the signaling adaptors MyD88 and/or TRIF, and by infection with murine norovirus-1. Renitence induced by LPS was dependent on cytokine secretion by macrophages. However, no single secreted factor could explain all the induced responses. Renitence induced by the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) was mediated in part by the type I IFN response, but renitence induced by Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1), LPS (TLR4), IFNγ, or TNFα was independent of type 1 IFN signaling. Thus, multiple pathways for inducing macrophage resistance to membrane damage exist and depend on the particular microbial stimulus sensed.
A molecular hybrid comprising AS1411 and PDGF‐BB aptamer, cholesterol, and doxorubicin for inhibiting proliferation of SW480 cells
Authors: Rotkrua Pichayanoot , Lohlamoh Walaiporn , Watcharapo Paphada , Soontornworajit Boonchoy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCancer treatment commonly relies on chemotherapy. This treatment faces many challenges, including treatment specificity and undesired side effects. To address these, a Dox‐loaded Chol–aptamer molecular hybrid (Dox‐CAH) was developed. This multivalent interaction system combines the key function of each integrated species: doxorubicin, cholesterol, and two aptamers binding to nucleolin and platelet‐derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB). The study has four stages: preparation of CAH via oligonucleotide hybridization, intercalation of doxorubicin into CAH, verification of CAH binding on SW480 by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and investigation of effect of Dox‐CAH on SW480 proliferation. CAH was successfully prepared, as confirmed by electrophoresis. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated CAH binding to SW480, due to the presence of the AS1411 aptamer. This molecular hybrid exhibited specific binding because it did not bind to CCD 841 CoN. CAH binding to PDGF‐BB compromises its function, as shown by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell assay. The DNA duplex in this molecular hybrid reduces the cytotoxicity of the Dox‐CAH. Binding and the reduction of Dox‐CAH toxicity may improve treatment specificity and minimize side effects. Dox‐CAH is a model for more effective anticancer therapy, allowing incorporation of chemotherapeutic drugs and recognition elements.
Probable viremia and positive placental swabs for SARS‐CoV‐2 in a preterm pregnant woman with mild COVID‐19
Authors: Akdemir Yesim , Haciseyitoglu Demet , Celebi Guven , Aydemir Cumhur , Bahadır Burak , Cakir Anil T. , Barut Aykut , Ozmen Ulku 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to report a case of mild novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in a pregnant woman with probable viremia, as reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing of endometrial and placental swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was positive. A 26‐year‐old multigravida at 35 weeks 2 days of gestation, who had extensive thigh and abdominal cellulitis, tested SARS‐CoV‐2 positive by RT‐PCR performed on samples from the endometrium and maternal side of the placenta. However, other samples (amniotic fluid, fetal side of the placenta, umbilical cord, maternal vagina, and neonatal nasopharynx) tested negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. This is one of the rare reports of probable SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia with the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the endometrium and placenta, but not leading to vertical transmission and neonatal infection. Because knowledge about transplacental transmission and results is very limited, we conclude that more RT‐PCR tests on placental and cord blood samples are needed in order to safely make definite conclusions.
Viral infections amidst COVID‐19 in Africa: Implications and recommendations
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Adanur Irem , Babatunde Abdulhammed Opeyemi , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Elmahi Osman Kamal Osman , Olajumoke Kolawole Barakat , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Emmanuella Nzeribe , Costa Ana Carla dos Santos , Ahmad Shoaib , Essar Mohammad Yasir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractViral infections have been on the rise for the past decades. The impact of the viruses worsened amidst the pandemic burdening the already overwhelmed health care system in African countries. This article sheds light on how the coronavirus together with the already existing viral infections, some of which re‐emerged, impacted the continent. The strategies in place such as immunization, education, will have to be strengthened in all African countries to reduce the burden. Furthermore, governments can further collaborate with other countries in creating guidelines to reduce co‐infection of the diseases.