bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body temperatures of Manis pentadactyla and Manis javanica
Authors: Yu Yishuang , Wu Shibao , Wang Wenhua , Mahmood Amna , Zhang Fuhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBody temperature is an important parameter for assessing animal health and physiological function. An iButton thermometer was used to measure the body temperatures of three Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadacyla) and three Sunda pangolins (M. javanica). The body temperature of Chinese pangolins was 33.2 ± 0.95°C (30.6–34.2°C, n = 3) and that of Sunda pangolins was 32.8 ± 0.48°C (31.7–34.2°C, n = 3). The daily variation in body temperature was 1.0–2.9°C in three Chinese pangolins and 1.2–1.9°C in three Sunda pangolins. The body temperature of Sunda pangolins tended to rise at night, with the highest body temperatures occurring mostly at night. This study provides valuable body temperature data for Chinese and Sunda pangolins and lays the foundation for future research on their mechanisms of body temperature regulation.
Electrochemical oxidation of chloramphenicol with lead dioxide–surfactant composites
Authors: Shmychkova Olesia , Zahorulko Svitlana , Luk'yanenko Tatiana , Velichenko Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe PbO2–2 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate composite formed from methanesulfonate electrolyte consists of 93.1% of α‐phase PbO2 in contrast to the similar one synthesized from nitrate electrolyte, which contains 73.3% of β phase. The electrocatalytic activity of the obtained composites in the oxygen evolution reaction and oxidation of chloramphenicol was investigated. It was found that the Tafel slope significantly exceeds the theoretical value, which indicates a decrease in the degree of filling of the electrode surface with oxygen‐containing particles. In the presence of organic compound and chloride ions in the solution, irreversible adsorption of the intermediate is observed, which leads to additional blocking of active centers on the oxide surface, which are involved in the oxidation of organic substance. It was established that the maximum rate of chloramphenicol conversion is 83.5% and 85% at 50 and 80 mA cm−2, respectively, under kinetic control. The heterogeneous oxidation rate constant of chloramphenicol is 0.0035 min−1. Oxidation of chloramphenicol occurs through the formation of 4‐(‐2‐amino‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐propanyl)‐nitrobenzene with cleavage of dichloroacetic acid. Next, the amino group is oxidized to the nitro group to form 4‐(2‐nitro‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐propanyl)‐nitrobenzene. Subsequent electrolysis produces nitrobenzoic acid, which is oxidized to benzoic acid, later hydroquinone, then benzoquinone and a set of aliphatic compounds.Practitioner Points

The PbO2–2 wt.% SDS composite consists of 93.1% of α phase of PbO2 in contrast to those synthesized from nitrate electrolyte.
The Tafel slope indicates a decrease of surface filling with oxygen‐containing particles.
Irreversible adsorption of the intermediate is observed in the presence of chloride ions.
Towards another paradigm for forensic science?
Authors: Crispino Frank , Weyermann Céline , Delémont Olivier , Roux Claude , Ribaux Olivier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDaubert skews the contribution of forensic science because it only took into account its Galilean dimension (construction of general predictive models). However, forensic science should better be classified in the historical sciences (clinical approach to reconstruct a past event of presence or activity). We therefore need a complementary approach that integrates the necessarily “clinical” part in the resolution of forensic issues. Such an evolution involves semiotics. While recognizing that the Bayesian way of thinking is the only prescriptive available model for interpretation fitting well in the Galilean paradigm, the complexity of the reconstruction of a past‐uncontrolled singular case and the robustness of available relevant data to it, invites consideration of its implementation in a semiotic line of arguments. Indeed, Bayes makes it possible to remain in a single harmonized model integrating both the clinical and Galilean dimensions, but rapidly the complexity of the modeling and its mathematization come up against more qualitative natural and legal reasoning. Two different systems of reasoning at stake are inevitably creating a “bug” that could explain the current forensic crisis and miscarriages of justice. This anomaly is reflected in the issue of transparency (misunderstandings by and between interlocutors on the nature of the expertise, if not science). Peirce offers a path to address the tension between complementary reasoning systems.This article is categorized under:Crime Scene Investigation > Epistemology and MethodCrime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and EvidenceCrime Scene Investigation > Education and Formation
Restoration in Nature: Beyond the Conventional Narrative
Authors: Hartig Terry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe restoration perspective on human adaptation offers a broad view of relations between environment and health; however, it remains underutilized as a source of insight for nature-and-health studies. In this chapter, I start from the restoration perspective in showing ways to extend theory and research concerned with the benefits of nature experience. I first set out the basic premises of the restoration perspective and consider how it has come to have particular relevance for understanding the salutary values now commonly assigned to nature experience. I then discuss the currently conventional theoretical narrative about restorative effects of nature experience and organize some of its components in a general framework for restorative environments theory. Extending the framework, I put forward two additional theories. These call attention to the restoration of resources as held within closer relationships and as held collectively by members of a population. In closing, I consider ways to work with the general framework and further develop the narrative about nature, restoration, and health. The extensions made here raise important considerations for nature preservation efforts, urban planning, health promotion strategies, and ways of thinking about human–nature relations.
Stability of BPS states and weak coupling limits
Authors: Palti Eran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the stability and spectrum of BPS states in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity. We find evidence, and prove for a large class of cases, that BPS stability exhibits a certain filtration which is partially independent of the value of the gauge couplings. Specifically, for any perturbative value of any gauge coupling g ≪ 1, a BPS state can only decay to some constituents if those constituents do not become infinitely heavier than it in the vanishing coupling limit g → 0. This stability filtration can be mathematically formulated in terms of the monodromy weight filtration of the limiting mixed Hodge structure associated to the vanishing coupling limit. We study various implications of the result for the Swampland program which aims to understand such weak-coupling limits, specifically regarding the nature and presence of an infinite tower of light charged BPS states.
Soft photon theorem in the small negative cosmological constant limit
Authors: Banerjee Nabamita , Fernandes Karan , Mitra Arpita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the effect of electromagnetic interactions on the classical soft theorems on an asymptotically AdS background in 4 spacetime dimensions, in the limit of a small cosmological constant or equivalently a large AdS radius l. This identifies 1/l2 perturbative corrections to the known asymptotically flat spacetime leading and subleading soft factors. Our analysis is only valid to leading order in 1/l2. The leading soft factor can be expected to be universal and holds beyond tree level. This allows us to derive a 1/l2 corrected Ward identity, following the known equivalence between large gauge Ward identities and soft theorems in asymptotically flat spacetimes.
Intraoperative radiotherapy with low-energy x-rays after neurosurgical resection of brain metastases—an Augsburg University Medical Center experience
Authors: Kahl Klaus-Henning , Balagiannis Nikolaos , Höck Michael , Schill Sabine , Roushan Zoha , Shiban Ehab , Müller Heiko , Grossert Ute , Konietzko Ina , Sommer Björn , Maurer Christoph J. , Berlis Ansgar , Heidecke Volkmar , Janzen Tilman , Stüben Georg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
External-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is the predominant method for localized brain radiotherapy (LBRT) after resection of brain metastases (BM). Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with 50-kV x‑rays is an alternative way to focally irradiate the resection cavity after BM surgery, with the option of shortening the overall treatment time and limiting normal tissue irradiation.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of all patients who underwent neurosurgical resection of BM and 50-kV x‑ray IORT between 2013 and 2020 at Augsburg University Medical Center.

Results
We identified 40 patients with 44 resected BM treated with 50-kV x‑ray IORT. Median diameter of the resected metastases was 2.8 cm (range 1.5–5.9 cm). Median applied dose was 20 Gy. All patients received standardized follow-up (FU) including 3‑monthly MRI of the brain. Mean FU was 14.4 months, with a median MRI FU for alive patients of 12.2 months. Median overall survival (OS) of all treated patients was 26.4 months (estimated 1‑year OS 61.6%). The observed local control (LC) rate of the resection cavity was 88.6% (estimated 1‑year LC 84.3%). Distant brain control (DC) was 47.5% (estimated 1‑year DC 33.5%). Only 25% of all patients needed WBI in the further course of disease. The observed radionecrosis rate was 2.5%.

Conclusion
IORT with 50-kV x‑rays is a safe and appealing way to apply LBRT after neurosurgical resection of BM, with low toxicity and excellent LC. Close MRI FU is paramount to detect distant brain failure (DBF) early.
Behandlung der Psoriasis mit Secukinumab
Authors: Körber Andreas , Augustin Matthias , Behrens Frank , Gerdes Sascha , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Schäkel Knut , Sticherling Michael , Wilsmann-Theis Dagmar , Wohlrab Johannes , Simon Jan-Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die mittelschwere bis schwere Psoriasis vulgaris kann wirksam mit immunmodulierenden Biologika wie dem Interleukin-17A-Inhibitor Secukinumab behandelt werden. In der Praxis stellt sich jedoch oft die Frage nach dem Vorgehen in besonderen Situationen, beispielsweise bei Infektionen, Komorbidität, Schwangerschaft oder operativen Eingriffen.

Ziel der Arbeit
In diesem Konsensdokument deutscher Psoriasisexperten sollen in Ergänzung zu den aktuellen Leitlinien häufige Fragen aus dem Therapiealltag zur Behandlung der Psoriasis mit Secukinumab beantwortet werden.

Methoden
In einem virtuellen Expertentreffen im Mai 2020 wurden auf Grundlage von Erfahrungen der Teilnehmer und aktueller Literatur praxisrelevante Aspekte der Behandlung der Psoriasis erörtert. Darauf basierend wurde ein Konsensdokument verfasst.

Ergebnisse
Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet praktische Hinweise zur Anamnese einschließlich der Erfassung von Vortherapien, Schweregrad der Psoriasis und Begleiterkrankungen vor Beginn einer Therapie mit Secukinumab. Ferner wird auf das Vorgehen bei Impfungen, Infektionen, operativen Eingriffen, Sondermanifestationen der Psoriasis und Komorbiditäten einschließlich vorbestehenden Autoimmunerkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen unter Therapie mit Secukinumab eingegangen. Auch Fragen zur Familienplanung und zu gesundheitspolitischen Regularien werden diskutiert.

Diskussion
Die in diesem Konsensdokument zusammengefassten unterstützenden Empfehlungen zur Behandlung der Psoriasis mit Secukinumab sollen dazu beitragen, für die Patienten eine optimale Therapie zu erreichen und ihre Lebensqualität zu verbessern.
Optimal transport maps on Alexandrov spaces revisited
Authors: Rajala Tapio , Schultz Timo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe give an alternative proof for the fact that inn-dimensional Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded below there exists a unique optimal transport plan from any purely$$(n-1)$$(n-1)-unrectifiable starting measure, and that this plan is induced by an optimal map. Our proof does not rely on the full optimality of a given plan but rather on thec-monotonicity, thus we obtain the existence of transport maps for wider class of (possibly non-optimal) transport plans.
Identification of volatile compounds from bacteria by spectrometric methods in medicine diagnostic and other areas: current state and perspectives
Authors: Kunze-Szikszay Nils , Euler Maximilian , Perl Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Diagnosis of bacterial infections until today mostly relies on conventional microbiological methods. The resulting long turnaround times can lead to delayed initiation of adequate antibiotic therapy and prolonged periods of empiric antibiotic therapy (e.g., in intensive care medicine). Therewith, they contribute to the mortality of bacterial infections and the induction of multidrug resistances. The detection of species specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by bacteria has been proposed as a possible diagnostic approach with the potential to serve as an innovative point-of-care diagnostic tool with very short turnaround times. A range of spectrometric methods are available which allow the detection and quantification of bacterial VOCs down to a range of part per trillion. This narrative review introduces the application of spectrometric analytical methods for the purpose of detecting VOCs of bacterial origin and their clinical use for diagnosing different infectious conditions over the last decade.

Key Points
• Detection of VOCs enables bacterial differentiation in various medical conditions.
• Spectrometric methods may function as point-of-care diagnostics in near future.
Hemorrhagic Complication in Surgical Resection for Massive Plexiform Neurofibroma in Body Trunk: The Flow‐Void Sign as a Predictor and Preoperative Embolization as Prevention
Authors: Michimoto Kenkichi , Ashida Hirokazu , Higuchi Takahiro , Kano Rui , Hasumi Jun , Suzuki Takayuki , Ishida Katsuhiro , Hirayama Haruyuki , Ohta Arihito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are highly vascularized and potentially malignant tumors. Surgical resection of a PN can be complicated by perioperative hemorrhagic events (PHE), including excessive intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hematoma at the surgical site. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive factors of PHE and the usefulness of preoperative embolization for PN.Materials and methodsConsecutive surgical resections of 24 massive PNs in the body trunk with a maximum diameter > 5 cm in 22 patients between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. Patient demographics, laboratory analyses, MRI findings, preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and pathological findings were evaluated between PNs with and without PHE, which consists of intraoperative blood loss over 15% of their estimated total blood volume and/or postoperative hematoma requiring surgical intervention or blood transfusion.ResultsPHE was observed in 7 out of 24 PNs (29.2%), with 5 events of excessive intraoperative bleeding and 2 postoperative hematomas. The PHE group (n = 7) showed a significantly higher flow‐void effect inside the tumor on preoperative MRI than the non‐PHE group (n = 17) (P = 0.0186). Preoperative TAE was not associated with PHE occurrence for the 24 PNs; however, it significantly reduced the PHE risk by 12 PNs with a flow‐void sign (P = 0.00126). Other characteristics showed no significant differences between groups.ConclusionThe flow‐void sign on MRI can be the only predictive factor of PHE in surgical resection for massive PNs in the body trunk. Preoperative TAE can reduce the PHE risk for PNs with a flow‐void sign.
Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation
Authors: Dydykin Sergey , Paulsen Friedrich , Khorobykh Tatyana , Mishchenko Natalya , Kapitonova Marina , Gupalo Sergey , Bogoyavlenskaya Tatyana , Agadzhanov Vadim , Salikhov Pashad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is no systematic description of primary anatomical landmarks that allow a surgeon to reliably and safely navigate the superior and posterior mediastinum’s fat tissue spaces near large vessels and nerves during video-assisted endothoracoscopic interventions in the prone position of a patient. Our aim was to develop an algorithm of sequential visual navigation during thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus and determine the most permanent topographic and anatomical landmarks allowing safe thoracoscopic dissection of the esophagus in the prone position.

Methods
The anatomical study of the mediastinal structural features was carried out on 30 human cadavers before and after opening the right pleural cavity.

Results
For thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position, anatomical landmarks are defined, their variants are assessed, and an algorithm for their selection is developed, allowing their direct visualization before and after opening the mediastinal pleura.

Conclusion
The proposed algorithm for topographic and anatomical navigation based on the key anatomical landmarks in the posterior mediastinum provides safe performance of the video-assisted thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position.
Pankreastransplantation – Klinik, Technik und histologische Beurteilung
Authors: Büttner-Herold Maike , Amann Kerstin , Pfister Frederick , Tannapfel Andrea , Maslova Marina , Wunsch Andreas , Pillokeit Nina , Viebahn Richard , Schenker Peter 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Pankreastransplantation wird in Deutschland nur in wenigen ausgewählten Zentren durchgeführt, üblicherweise in Kombination mit einer Niere. Die Kenntnis von Indikationen und Techniken der Transplantation selbst als auch der histopathologischen Abstoßungsdiagnostik mittels Pankreas- oder selten Duodenalbiopsie ist nicht sehr weit verbreitet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der Entwicklung und des aktuellen Stands der Pankreas-Nieren-Transplantation in Deutschland anhand der Erfahrungen des größten deutschen Zentrums und Analyse der Ergebnisse der zwischen 06/2017 und 12/2020 durchgeführten Abstoßungsbiopsien inklusive ausführlicher Darstellung und Bebilderung der verschiedenen Abstoßungskategorien

Material und Methode
Es wurde eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche zur Historie, Technik und Indikation der Pankreastransplantation durchgeführt und die technischen Besonderheiten und Erfahrungen am Bochumer Zentrum, insbesondere auch die Komplikationen, im internationalen Vergleich dargestellt. Desweiteren wurden alle im Zeitraum zwischen 06/2017 und 12/2020 durchgeführten Pankreas- oder Duodenalbiopsien, die zur Abstoßungsdiagnostik nach Erlangen gegangen waren und mittels der Banff-Klassifikation standardisiert bearbeitet wurden, anhand der vorliegenden Befunde ausgewertet und zusammenfassend dargestellt. Zum besseren Verständnis wurden die wichtigsten histologischen Entitäten bildhaft dargestellt und differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 93 Pankreastransplantat- und 3 Duodenalbiopsien untersucht. In 32 Pankreasbiopsien, d.h. 34,4 %, war kein diagnostisch verwertbares Material enthalten. Bei den verbliebenen 61 Pankreasbiopsien fanden sich bei 24,6 % keine Abstoßungszeichen, 62,3 % eine akute T-Zell-vermittelte Abstoßungsreaktion (TCMR) und 8,2 % Hinweise auf eine aktive Antikörper-vermittelte Abstoßung (ABMR). Ein akuter Azinuszellschaden wurde in 59 % der Biopsien gesehen, eine Pankreatitis in 8,2 % und eine Allograft-Fibrose in immerhin 54,1 %. Die Calcineurin-Inhibitor (CNI) Toxizität war mit 4,9% eher selten.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Pankreas-Nieren-Transplantation inklusive der Biopsie des transplantierten Pankreas oder in seltenen Fällen auch des Spenderduodenums mit anschließender standardisierter Beurteilung entsprechend der aktuellen international gültigen Banff-Klassifikation der Pankreasabstoßung und der Empfehlungen zur Beurteilung von Duodenalbiopsien hat ihren festen Stellenwert in der Behandlung von Diabetikern.
Sulfakinins influence lipid composition and insulin-like peptides level in oenocytes of Zophobas atratus beetles
Authors: Szymczak-Cendlak M. , Gołębiowski M. , Chowański S. , Pacholska-Bogalska J. , Marciniak P. , Rosiński G. , Słocińska M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsect sulfakinins are pleiotropic neuropeptides with the homology to vertebrate gastrin/cholecystokinin peptide family. They have been identified in many insect species and affect different metabolic processes. They have a strong influence on feeding and digestion as well as on carbohydrate and lipid processing. Our study reveals that sulfakinins influence fatty acids composition in Zophobas atratus oenocytes and regulate insulin-like peptides (ILPs) level in these cells. Oenocytes are cells responsible for maintenance of the body homeostasis and have an important role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism, especially of lipids. To analyze the lipid composition in oenocytes after sulfakinins injections we used gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and for ILPs level determination an immunoenzymatic test was used. Because sulfakinin peptides and their receptors are the main components of sulfakinin signaling, we also analyzed the presence of sulfakinin receptor transcript (SKR2) in insect tissues. We have identified for the first time the sulfakinin receptor transcript (SKR2) in insect oenocytes and found its distribution more widespread in the peripheral tissues (gut, fat body and haemolymph) as well as in the nervous and neuro-endocrine systems (brain, ventral nerve cord, corpora cardiaca/corpora allata CC/CA) of Z. atratus larvae. The presence of sulfakinin receptor transcript (SKR2) in oenocytes suggests that observed effects on oenocytes lipid and ILPs content may result from direction action of these peptides on oenocytes.