bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamical Downscaling Framework for Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Pingan , Wang Chao , Wu Liguang , Cao Jian , Zhao Haikun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to the limited theoretical framework for tropical cyclone (TC) formation, the current downscaling strategies for TC activity face challenges in accurately capturing climate variations in TC genesis and the subsequent track and intensity in the western North Pacific (WNP). In this study, we introduce the recently developed dynamical genesis potential index (DGPI) into a new downscaling framework for TC activity in the WNP. Our findings indicate that the framework effectively reproduces the mean spatial distribution of TC genesis and track frequency, along with the frequency distribution of TC intensity. It also demonstrates strong skill in simulating variations in TC genesis, track, and intensity related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Additionally, the temporal evolution of TC genesis frequency, track frequency, peak intensity, and power dissipation index in the WNP from 1979 to 2022 aligns closely with observations, showing significant correlation coefficients of 0.67, 0.75, 0.61, and 0.65, respectively. These results confirm the robustness of the downscaling framework in capturing both the mean and temporal features of TC activity in the WNP. Furthermore, an initial application to historical CMIP6 simulations suggests that climate change has contributed significantly to the poleward shift in TC activity from 1900 to 2014, driven by an El Niño‐like sea surface temperature warming pattern. Given that this downscaling system relies solely on large‐scale conditions and operates independently of historical observations, it offers a promising approach for investigating TC behavior in eras lacking reliable observations and in future warming scenarios.
Insight Into the Environment Implication of Primary and Photochemical Aging Processes of Nitrogen‐Containing Organic Chromophores From Residential Fuel Combustion Over Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qian , Meng Ziqi , Shen Zhenxing , Zhao Jiaxue , Zhang Bin , Zeng Yaling , Xu Hongmei , Wang Qiyuan , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Li Zhihua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (TPL), crucial for the global climate, lacks a comprehensive understanding of nitrogen‐containing organic compound (NOCs) emissions and their impact on light absorption and radiative forcing through atmospheric oxidation. This study examined NOCs from dung and bitumite combustion in the TPL and their atmospheric oxidation by hydroxyl (·OH) and nitrate (·NO3) radicals using an integrated experimental and theoretical approach. Dung produced higher NOC emissions, mainly methyl types, while bitumite emitted more fused‐ring NOCs. Exposure to intense solar radiation resulted in substantial photobleaching of methyl NOCs through hydroxyl (·OH) reactions, reducing the maximum molar absorption at 300–400 nm wavelengths by 76.9%–96.4%. Moreover, nitrate radical (·NO3) oxidation maintained spectral characteristics while producing minor absorption decreases of 48.9%–58.8%. The oxidative aging of fused‐ring NOCs exhibited structure‐dependent responses, wherein both ·NO3 and ·OH oxidation induced photo‐enhancement effects proportional to the number of aromatic rings in the molecular structure. Oxidation generally reduced radiative forcing for methyl NOCs but enhanced it for fused‐ring NOCs, particularly through ·OH reactions, which increased simple forcing efficiency at 300–400 nm by 43.7%. This study provides crucial insights into NOCs' effects on regional climate and air quality, emphasizing the need for source‐specific considerations in atmospheric models for TPL's unique high‐altitude environment.
Tadpole‐Shaped Nanoparticles in Impact Melt and Implication of High Temperature Chemical Garden in Lunar Soil
Authors: He Qi , Hu Wentao , Xiao Long , Zhang Xiang , Wang Zaicong , Qian Yuqi , Shu Jinfu , Zhao Jiawei , Chang Yuqing , Li Chen , Xiao Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Yiheng , Dominic Papineau , Zhao Siyuan , Huang Jun , Zhao Jiannan , Wang Jiang , Wu Xiang , Hu Zhaochu , Zong Keqing , She Zhenbing , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoparticles within lunar soil grains are a primary product of space weathering. The microstructural and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles are diverse and their formation mechanisms are still under debate. In this paper, for the first time, tadpole‐shaped nanoparticles (with Fe‐Ni(‐S) head and Fe‐Ti‐O tail) were found in the impact melt glass spherule of an agglutinate in the returned Chang'e‐5 lunar soil, and their possible formation mechanisms were discussed. In terms of the Fe‐Ni(‐S) “head” formation mechanisms, they probably produced by shock‐induced dissemination. Another possibility is that the Fe‐Ni(‐S) heads were derived from the impact glass due to liquid immiscibility. The S degassing of FeS was contributed to nanophase Fe‐Ni metal. For the Fe‐Ti‐O tails, they are devitrified ilmenites, nucleated as a result of the passage of the Fe nanoparticles through the melt. These nanoparticles formed though impact‐induced nonequilibrium growth and recorded the movement and migration of the Fe‐Ni‐S nanoparticles within the melt. The tadpole‐shape nanoparticles provide a new example of viscous fingering in impact melts and the associated ilmenite dendrites point to the formation of high‐temperature chemical gardens in lunar impact melt.
Dynamic 3D metasurface holography via cascaded polymer dispersed liquid crystal
Authors: Sun Shuo , Li Jin , Li Xiaoxun , Zhao Xianyu , Li Kun , Chen Liang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetasurface with natural static structure limits the development of dynamic metasurface holographic display with rapid response and broadband. Currently, liquid crystal (LC) was integrated onto the metasurface to convert the passive metasuface into an active one. But, majority of LC-assisted active metasurfaces often exhibit trade-offs among degree of freedom (DoF, typically less than 2), information capacity, response speed, and crosstalk. Herein, at first time, we experimentally demonstrate a cascaded device with polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and broadband metasurface, enabling dynamic three-dimensional (3D) holographic display with ultra-high contrast, rapid response and continuous regulation. The PDLC droplets enable modulation of scattering state of incident light by high-speed dynamic control system for electric scanning. Based on self-addressing, rapid response and multi-channel PDLC-metasurface device, the dynamic holographic effect of monochrome holographic images switching and color-changing holographic display with broadband, low-crosstalk and high contrast, has been achieved. Our approach offers a novel perspective on dynamic metasurface.
Ovarian cancer-derived TGF-β1 induces cancer-associated adipocytes formation by activating SMAD3/TRIB3 pathway to establish pre-metastatic niche
Authors: Gao Tian , Li Jibin , Cheng Tianyi , Wang Xingguo , Wang Mengqing , Xu Zhiyang , Mu Yang , He Xianli , Xing Jinliang , Liu Shujuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is prone to adipose tissue metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we observed that omental adipocytes were induced into cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) by OC-derived TGF-β1 to establish a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) through collagen and fibronectin secretion. Mechanistically, OC-derived TGF-β1 binds to adipocyte membrane receptors and thus activates intracellular signaling by SMAD3 phosphorylation. The activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway dedifferentiates adipocytes into CAAs by upregulating Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), which suppresses the phosphorylation of CEBPβ. Additionally, CAAs secrete collagen I, collagen VI, and fibronectin to remodel the extracellular matrix and promote the adhesion of OC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway significantly inhibits CAAs and PMN formation, thereby reducing the OC metastatic burden. Our findings indicate that the formation of CAAs and PMN in adipose tissues facilitates OC cell implantation and blocking the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway could prevent OC omental metastasis.
Mechanistic insights into SIRT7 and EZH2 regulation of cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Cao Yudong , Wang Shuo , Ma Jinchao , Long Mengping , Ma Xiuli , Yang Xiao , Ji Yongpeng , Tang Xingxing , Liu Jia , Lin Chen , Yang Yong , Du Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCisplatin (CDDP) resistance has been established to significantly impact Bladder Cancer (BCa) therapy. On the other hand, the crucial regulatory involvement of SIRT7 and EZH2 in bladder cancer development is well known. Herein, the collaborative regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of SIRT7 and EZH2 in CDDP resistance in bladder cancer were explored. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blot (WB) analyses were used to assess the expression levels of SIRT7/EZH2 and RND3 in bladder cancer tissues, normal ureteral epithelial cells, and bladder cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the impact of various treatments on of UMUC3 cell proliferation and CDDP sensitivity was assessed using CCK-8 assays, plate cloning assays, and flow cytometry analysis. Additionally, the levels of H3K18ac and H3K27me3 at the promoter region of the RND3 gene, the binding abilities of SIRT7 and EZH2, and the succinylation level of the EZH2 protein were examined using ChIP-qPCR assays, CO-IP assays, and IP assays, respectively. Moreover, in vivo experiments were conducted using a bladder cancer mouse model created by subcutaneously injecting UMUC3 cells into Balb/c nude mice. According to the results, SIRT7 correlated with the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to both the platinum-based chemotherapy and CDDP. Specifically, SIRT7 could bind to the RND3 promoter, downregulating H3K18ac and RND3, ultimately leading to an increased CDDP sensitivity in UMUC3 cells. Furthermore, EZH2 siRNA could decrease H3K27me3 levels in the RND3 promoter, upregulating RND3. Overall, in the promoter region of the RND3 gene, SIRT7 upregulated H3K27me3 and EZH2 downregulated H3K18ac, leading to a decline in RND3 expression and CDDP sensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Additionally, SIRT7 reduced the succinylation of the EZH2 protein resulting in an EZH2-mediated RND3 downregulation. Therefore, targeting SIRT7 and EZH2 could be a viable approach to enhancing CDDP efficacy in bladder cancer treatment.
A contemporary review of the management strategies for sickle cell disease related ischaemic and stuttering priapism
Authors: Emmanuel Anthony , Moussa Ahmed , Kesse-Adu Rachel , Shabbir Majed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorders with 23% and over 70% of men with this condition, experiencing episodes of ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism, respectively, with potentially severe consequences. The effective prevention of sickle cell disease induced ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. A search of the English literature was performed utilising Pubmed® and Google Scholar to identify publications on contemporary and novel treatment options, with their associated treatment outcomes if available, that are utilised to prevent stuttering priapism episodes and hence a fulminant ischaemic priapism. This narrative review focuses on three main aspects which include firstly, patient education and lifestyle modifications. Secondly, strategies aimed at preventing stuttering priapism episodes with traditional treatments such as alpha-adrenergic agonists and hormone manipulation strategies among others. Finally, we review treatments utilised to treat the underlying sickle cell disease with contemporary options such as hydroxyurea to more novel therapies such as crizanlizumab and voxelotor. The role of potentially curative techniques such as gene therapy and stem cell transplantation are also reviewed and summarised.
A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of suspected Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dhasmana D. J. , Whitaker P. , van der Laan R. , Frost F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic disease characterised by progressive inflammatory lung damage due to infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Global prevalence of NTM-PD is generally low but is rising, likely due to a combination of increased surveillance, increasing multimorbidity and improved diagnostic techniques. Most disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium complex species. NTM-PD can be challenging to both diagnose and manage but given the risk of untreated disease and the challenges around drug treatments, it is vital that all healthcare professionals involved in primary care consider NTM-PD at the earliest opportunity. In particular, NTM-PD should be considered where there are respiratory symptoms in the setting of pre-existing chronic lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. Early suspicion should lead to appropriate primary screening measures. This article discusses the relevance of NTM-PD today, risk factors for developing disease, pathways from clinical presentation to referral to specialist care, and discusses management and drug treatments. A flow diagram of a screening process is presented as a guideline for best practice from a United Kingdom perspective.
Ecologically sustainable benchmarking of AI models for histopathology
Authors: Lan Yu-Chia , Strauch Martin , Pilva Pourya , Schmitz Nikolas E. J. , Sadr Alireza Vafaei , Niggemeier Leon , Nguyen Huong Quynh , Hölscher David L. , Nguyen Tri Q. , Kers Jesper , Bülow Roman D. , Boor Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeep learning (DL) holds great promise to improve medical diagnostics, including pathology. Current DL research mainly focuses on performance. DL implementation potentially leads to environmental consequences but approaches for assessment of both performance and carbon footprint are missing. Here, we explored an approach for developing DL for pathology, which considers both diagnostic performance and carbon footprint, calculated as CO2 or equivalent emissions (CO2eq). We evaluated various DL architectures used in computational pathology, including a large foundation model, across two diagnostic tasks of low and high complexity. We proposed a metric termed ‘environmentally sustainable performance’ (ESPer), which quantitatively integrates performance and operational CO2eq during training and inference. While some DL models showed comparable diagnostic performance, ESPer enabled prioritizing those with less carbon footprint. We also investigated how data reduction approaches can improve the ESPer of individual models. This study provides an approach facilitating the development of environmentally friendly, sustainable medical AI.
A spontaneously immortalized muscle stem cell line (EfMS) from brown-marbled grouper for cell-cultured fish meat production
Authors: Xue Ting , Zheng Hongwei , Zhao Yaqi , Zhao Zhenxin , Wang Jinwu , Zhang Yue , Li Yaru , Wang Song , Liu Yongliang , Xue Changhu , Guo Huarong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLacking of suitable fish muscle stem cell line has greatly hindered the fabrication of cell-cultured fish meat. Here, we established and characterized a spontaneously immortalized marine fish muscle stem cell line (EfMS) from brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), which could actively proliferate with good genetic stability and well maintain the stemness of myogenesis potential for over 50 passages. Taurine was found to be able to serve as a substitute of fish muscle extract in maintaining stemness. The EfMS cells could be efficiently induced to myogenic differentiation or adipogenic trans-differentiation in both 2D and 3D culture systems. Using edible 3D microcarriers, we produced 0.65 g fat-free and 1.47 g fat-containing cell-cultured fish meat in 8 days. The scaffold-free cell-cultured fish meat exhibited a much higher content of flavory amino acids than natural fish. Together, EfMS cell line can serve as an ideal seed cell line for the production of cell-cultured fish meat.
Manipulating the water–air interface to drive protein assembly for functional silk-like fibroin fibre production
Authors: Moreno-Tortolero Rafael O. , Michalski Juliusz , Wells Eleanor , Gibb Flora , Skaer Nick , Walker Robert , Serpell Louise , Holland Chris , Davis Sean A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilk’s remarkable properties arise from its hierarchical structure, formed through natural transformation from an aqueous solution to a solid fibre driven by pH and flow stress under low-energy conditions. In contrast, artificial silk fabrication typically relies on extrusion-based methods using coagulating baths and unnatural solvents, limiting true biomimetic replication. Here, we find that native-like silk fibroin forms viscoelastic films at the air-water interface. Utilizing this, we demonstrate a mild, all-aqueous method to seamlessly pull silk-like fibres with co-aligned nanofibrillar bundles. The fiber structure transitioned from hexagonally packed β-solenoid units at low pulling speeds to β-sheet-rich structures at higher speeds. Fibers pulled near physiological speeds (26.3 mm s-¹) exhibited optimal mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus of 8 ± 1 GPa and toughness of 8 ± 5 MJ m-³, comparable to natural silk. This platform also enables embedding nanoparticles and biologics, offering broad applications in sensors, biocatalysis, and tissue engineering, expanding the potential of silk-based composite materials.
Nanosized caltrops enable selective capture and directional maneuvering of water droplets
Authors: Cai Haoting , Tong Wei , Wei Lichuan , Song Mengjie , Zhao Yugang , Li Kang , Zhang Hua , Yang Chun , Cheng Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface design by tailoring topographical features and interface function groups to modulate dynamic or kinetic behaviors of liquid droplets, has been an increasing hotspot due to its broad spectrum of applications in biochemical diagnosis, microfabrication, and energy conversion systems. Here we report an engineered surface decorated by packed nanosized caltrops resulting from two perfectly articulated oxidation processes, where self-assembled nanoislands generated in the 1st plasma oxidation serve as protective masks in the 2nd chemical oxidation. As caltrops per design can effectively block lateral motion, the present surface can anchor contact lines of advancing water films when being hydrophilic and selectively capture impinging droplets when being hydrophobic. Furthermore, biphilic patterns can be readily obtained by integrating nanocaltrops with other surface asperities, engendering directional droplet maneuvering and designated droplet arraying. This work provides guidelines in designing nanostructures that achieve on-demand manipulation of droplets and flow patterns for multifunctional applications.
Global disparities in transboundary river research have implications for sustainable management
Authors: Sahana Mehebub , Dhali Md Kutubuddin , Lindley Sarah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic pressures, climate change, and hydro-politics pose significant risks for sustainable transboundary river basin management. We reviewed 4237 publications using machine learning and conducted a desk review of 325 publications, analyzing 4713 case studies across 286 basins. Our objectives were to: assess major perspectives and key research themes; analyse how they vary based on basin size, location, runoff, water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption; and reflect on implications for sustainable basin management. Findings show that the volume of research in the global south is disproportionately small compared to basin population size, water withdrawals and water consumption. Moreover, research is predominantly led by global north institutions, shaping study themes and locations. While research in the global south focuses on hydro-politics and natural hazards, the global north emphasizes landscape ecology and governance. These insights highlight the need for more comprehensive assessments in the global south to support sustainable management of transboundary river basins.
DC allowable electric field strength for naphthenic‐based and paraffin‐based transformer oils
Authors: Gao Chunjia , Qi Bo , Chen Binhao , Wu Juzhen , Li Chengrong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrently, the design of transformers insulation predominantly depends on the allowable alternating current (AC) field values for insulating oil established by Weidmann in the 1980s, lacking the research under direct current (DC) voltage for converter transformers. This study selects naphthenic oils and paraffin‐based oil transformer oil as research subjects, establishing a practical measurement platform to ascertain the oil breakdown characteristics under DC voltage. Furthermore, it statistically analyses the allowable DC field values of the oil. The findings elucidate that (1) the three‐parameter Weibull distribution is more suitable to conduct a statistical analysis for oil breakdown probability, yielding a fitting degree up to 99.95%. (2) for a constant electrode spacing, a 14.81% voltage increment escalates the breakdown probability of the oil gap from 3.33% to 73.33%. Concurrently, an increase in electrode spacing leads to a substantial decrement in the breakdown field strength of transformer oil, with KI25X experiencing a 54.51% reduction as electrode spacing extends from 5 to 25 mm. (3) the constant terms of the allowable DC field strength for S4, KI50X, and KI25X are found to be 19.728, 17.221, and 19.281, respectively. (4) a thorough analysis for differences in physicochemical properties and electrical parameters elucidates the variations in insulation properties across different transformer oils. The findings presented in this study offer essential theoretical and technical foundations for the design, evaluation, and enhancement of insulation structures in converter transformers.