bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-year study of the reproductive biology of the Sly CrayfishProcambarus versutus(Hagen, 1870) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Miller Jonathan M , Banks Kesley G , Helms Brian , Stoeckel James , Stewart Paul M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNearly half of the over 400 North American crayfish species are imperiled and need some level of protection to ensure sustainable populations, but the detailed life histories of only about 12% of these crayfishes have been published. We provide needed baseline information on the reproductive biology of the Sly Crayfish, Procambarus versutus (Hagen, 1870), through sampling a small stream monthly (N = 23 samples) in the Choctawhatchee River watershed, southeastern Alabama, USA for two years. We collected data on 2,026 individuals (mean 88 sample–1) over the duration of the study and found minimum size at sexual maturity to be 18.3 mm for both males and females. Life cycles were consistent across both years with a major peak in reproductively active males in June and reproductively active females in July. Reproductively-active males and females were nevertheless collected nearly year-round, suggesting continuous low levels of reproduction throughout a given year, with three peaks in reproduction that vary in magnitude. Only three ovigerous females were collected over the study period, possibly because ovigerous females become reclusive and inactive, therefore difficult to collect. The maximum brood size sampled was 242 eggs female–1. There was no evidence for distinct age classes, likely due to year-round reproduction. Similar regional species with detailed information on reproductive biology available have reproduction patterns similar to those in our data. The information herein contributes to the largely lacking information on the life history of North American crayfishes and emphasizes the need to further evaluate the reproductive biology of species lacking sufficient data to aid conservation efforts.
A quantitative evaluation of the histological type dependence of the programmed death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer including various adenocarcinoma subtypes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Sakamoto Tetsuki , Kasai Takahiko , Atagi Shinji , Yoon Hyungeun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The association between non-small cell lung cancer histology and programmed death-ligand 1 expression remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed histological dependence of the programmed death-ligand 1 expression by a multiple regression analysis of 356 non-small cell lung cancer patients. The programmed death-ligand 1 expression patterns of adenocarcinoma were consistent with a pathological predominant growth pattern as a reference to papillary adenocarcinoma: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma[partial regression coefficient (B), 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.59], lepidic adenocarcinoma (B, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.90), acinar adenocarcinoma (B, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.76) and solid adenocarcinoma (B, 5.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.20–11.9). In histology other than adenocarcinoma, the programmed death-ligand 1 expression tended to be high with poor differentiation: adenosquamous carcinoma (B, 4.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–16.6), squamous cell carcinoma (B, 4.32; 95% confidence interval, 2.45–7.62) and pleomorphic carcinoma (B, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.43–38.2). We showed quantitatively that the programmed death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer tended to be clearly histology-dependent, with more poorly differentiated histology showing a higher expression.
Doing It by the Book: Political Contestability and Public Contract Renegotiations
Authors: Beuve Jean , Moszoro Marian W , Spiller Pablo T 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a public procurement model in which contractual flexibility and political tolerance for contractual deviations determine renegotiations. In the model, contractual flexibility allows for adaptation without formal renegotiation, while political tolerance for deviations decreases with political competition. We then compare renegotiation rates of procurement contracts in which the procurer is either a public administration or a private corporation. We find robust evidence consistent with the model predictions: public-to-private contracts are renegotiated more often than comparable private-to-private contracts, and that this pattern is more salient in politically contestable jurisdictions. The frequent renegotiation of public contracts results from their inherent rigidity and provides a relational quality of adaptability to contingencies in politically contestable environments. (JEL D23, D72, D73, D78, H57).
Eurasian lynx density and habitat use in one of Europe’s strongholds, the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Iosif Ruben , Popescu Viorel D , Ungureanu Liviu , Șerban Călin , Dyck Marissa A , Promberger-Fürpass Barbara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) faces population declines in the western part of its range, and its ecological requirements are poorly understood in the eastern part of its range. The Romanian Carpathians harbor an intact large carnivore community, in which lynx co-occur with bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and humans (Homo sapiens), with which they potentially compete for ungulate prey. We provide a science-based estimate of lynx density and habitat use, combining non-invasive monitoring techniques (camera trapping) with spatially explicit capture-recapture models (SECR) in the Southern Carpathians of Romania. We sampled 59 and 76 trap stations during two monitoring sessions (winter and autumn), identified at least 30 individuals, from which we reconstructed encounter histories for 23 individuals. SECR modeling resulted in similar density estimates between winter and autumn (1.6 ± 0.39 SE and 1.7 ± 0.38 SE lynx/100 km2, respectively), but the cumulative number of lynx detected reached the asymptote faster during autumn, suggesting that monitoring prior to the mating season is preferable. Density varied within and across sessions with topography (slope), percent forest cover, and landscape heterogeneity (i.e., agricultural mosaic). Density hotspots shifted between low-altitude agricultural mosaic during winter and more rugged, mid-altitude forest stands during autumn. Estimated densities of lynx in the Romanian Carpathians are higher than those reported in the Alps or Slovak Carpathians, highlighting the importance of this population as a source both for natural recolonization and recent reintroduction programs. When used in an SECR framework, camera trapping is an efficient method for assessing spatial and temporal variation in lynx population density in the remote Romanian Carpathians. We recommend this methodology for improving lynx population estimates and to monitor lynx population trends nationwide.
Selection for Cell Yield Does Not Reduce Overflow Metabolism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rabbers Iraes , Gottstein Willi , Feist Adam M , Teusink Bas , Bruggeman Frank J , Bachmann Herwig 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Overflow metabolism is ubiquitous in nature, and it is often considered inefficient because it leads to a relatively low biomass yield per consumed carbon. This metabolic strategy has been described as advantageous because it supports high growth rates during nutrient competition.
Here, we experimentally evolved bacteria without nutrient competition by repeatedly growing and mixing millions of parallel batch cultures of Escherichia coli. Each culture originated from a water-in-oil emulsion droplet seeded with a single cell. Unexpectedly we found that overflow metabolism (acetate production) did not change. Instead, the numerical cell yield during the consumption of the accumulated acetate increased as a consequence of a reduction in cell size. Our experiments and a mathematical model show that fast growth and overflow metabolism, followed by the consumption of the overflow metabolite, can lead to a higher numerical cell yield and therefore a higher fitness compared with full respiration of the substrate. This provides an evolutionary scenario where overflow metabolism can be favorable even in the absence of nutrient competition.
Differentiation of European invasive clams of the genusCorbicula(Cyrenidae) using shell shape analysis
Authors: Morhun Halyna , Vinarski Maxim V , Labecka Anna Maria , van der Velde Gerard , Son Mikhail O 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHere, we investigate the shell shape variation of some closely related freshwater species of the bivalve genus Corbicula using descriptive (qualitative), geometric morphometric and traditional conchometric approaches. The combination of these different approaches allows for an effective discrimination between the species C. fluminalis, C. fluminea and C. leana, as well as an unidentified Corbicula sp. The roundness of the shell hinge is an important diagnostic feature, as are shell sculpture (ribs), symmetry of the apertural margin, and both position and extension of the umbo. We also identify possible hybrids between C. fluminalis and C. leana, with these showing features intermediate to those of the parent species. We examine variability of shell features of C. leana in selected areas in Europe and compare these results with material from the native range of Japan and Korea. For C. leana, we identify two geographic morphotypes from the native area; within Europe, there is a high morphological diversity of this species with several new forms arising, most probably as a result of hybridization.
Na/K Diversity of Primary Basaltic Magmas Induced by the Separation of Slab-derived Supercritical Liquid: Implications from Alkali Basaltic Lavas from Rishiri Volcano, Southern Kuril Arc
Authors: Taniuchi Hajime , Kuritani Takeshi , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Primary basaltic magmas in subduction zones exhibit chemical diversity even in individual volcanoes. In this study, we aim to elucidate the dominant factors that determine the chemical composition, especially the Na/K, of primary basaltic magmas by conducting a comparative petrological study of the high-Na/K Horyosawa lava and low-Na/K Nozuka lava from Rishiri Volcano in the southern Kuril Arc. Both lava flows are basaltic and are suitable for estimating the magma generation conditions. The whole-rock SiO2 content of the high-Na/K Horyosawa lava, the main target of this study, ranges from 51·9 to 53·4 wt%. The petrological and geochemical features of this lava indicate that the effects of magma mixing and assimilation of crustal materials were limited, and the low-SiO2 magmas were essentially derived via olivine fractionation from the primary magma. The primary magma is estimated to have been generated by ~2·4 % partial melting of the source mantle with ~0·10 wt% water at ~1300 °C and ~2·4 GPa. By comparing the results of the high-Na/K Horyosawa lavas with those published for the low-Na/K basalts (Nozuka lava), we find that (1) the slab-derived fluids involved in their formation were supercritical liquids with similar compositions, including Na/K, when released from the subducting slab, and (2) the Horyosawa primary magma was generated at a shallower level in the mantle than the Nozuka primary magma. From these observations, it is inferred that the primary magma of the Horyosawa lava was formed by the influx melting of aqueous fluid separated from the supercritical liquid at depths shallower than the critical point, whereas the Nozuka lava was generated by supercritical liquid-fluxed melting at depths deeper than the critical point. These findings show that elemental partitioning during the separation of slab-derived supercritical liquid into aqueous fluid and hydrous melt can induce chemical diversity within the primary basaltic magmas of a single volcanic system.
Using an Environmentally Friendly Disposal Bag to Discard Leftover Opioids After Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Boitano Teresa K. L. , Norton Sara Beth , Shrestha Kevin S. , Smith Haller J. , Leath Charles A. , Straughn J. Michael 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of an environmentally friendly drug deactivation bag on opioid disposal among patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.

METHODS:
This prospective cohort study included patients undergoing gynecologic procedures requiring an opioid prescription from March 2020 to December 2020. Patients were managed on a restrictive opioid prescribing algorithm and given an opioid disposal bag. The carbon drug deactivation bag neutralizes the opioid medication and can be discarded safely in the trash. Patients were educated about pain management goals and the disposal bag. Patients were surveyed at their postoperative visit to evaluate satisfaction, number of leftover pills, and disposal methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 26.

RESULTS:
Two hundred patients were asked to complete the survey, with a response rate of 78%. The most common procedures were exploratory laparotomy (50%) and minimally invasive hysterectomy (41%). Most patients (91%, 95% CI 91–97) filled their opioid prescription and 64 (41%, 95% CI 34–48) had leftover opioid pills. Most patients with leftover opioid pills (73%, 95% CI 67–79) discarded them; 78%, 95% CI 69–80 used the disposal bag. Patients undergoing an exploratory laparotomy most commonly used the disposal bag. All patients who used the disposal bag stated they would use it again.

CONCLUSION:
Despite a restrictive opioid prescribing algorithm, 41% of gynecologic surgical patients had leftover opioid pills. This study demonstrated that leftover opioid pills were safely discarded 73% of the time when patients were provided an opioid disposal bag and preoperative education.
Prognostic Value of an Estimate-of-Risk Model in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients in Brazil
Authors: Silva Flávio X. , Parpinelli Mary A. , Oliveira-Neto Antonio F. , do Valle Carolina Ribeiro , Souza Renato T. , Costa Maria L. , Correia Mario D. T. , Katz Leila , Payne Beth , Ryan Helen , von Dadelszen Peter , Cecatti José G. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To externally validate the CIPHER (Collaborative Integrated Pregnancy High-Dependency Estimate of Risk) prognostic model for pregnant and postpartum women admitted to the intensive care unit.

METHODS:
A retrospective and a prospective validation study were conducted at two reference centers in Brazil. A composite outcome was defined as maternal death or need for prolonged organ support (more than 7 days) or acute lifesaving intervention. To evaluate the performance of the CIPHER model, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used and score calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. We conducted a descriptive analysis comparing the results of the current study with the results of the model development study.

RESULTS:
A total of 590 women were included. The composite outcome was observed in 90 (15.2%) women. Of these, 13 (2.2%) were maternal deaths and 77 (13%) required one or more component of organ support or lifesaving intervention. The CIPHER model's area under the curve (AOC) did not show significant predictive ability (AOC 0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.60), and consequently its calibration was poor (Hosmer-Lemeshow test P<.05).

CONCLUSION:
The CIPHER model for prediction of mortality and need for interventions in critically ill obstetric patients did not perform well in our Brazilian population. Different predictors of morbidity and mortality may need to be used for patients receiving care in public hospitals in low- and middle-income countries.
Risk of Recurrent Stillbirth in Subsequent Pregnancies
Authors: Lamont Kathleen , Scott Neil W. , Gissler Mika , Gatt Miriam , Bhattacharya Sohinee 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the prospective risk of stillbirth between women with and without a stillbirth in their first pregnancy.

METHODS:
We conducted a cohort study using perinatal data from Finland, Malta, and Scotland. Women who had at least two singleton deliveries were included. The exposed and unexposed cohorts comprised women with a stillbirth and live birth in their first pregnancy, respectively. The risk of stillbirth in any subsequent pregnancy was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Time-to-event analyses were conducted to investigate whether first pregnancy outcome had an effect on time to or the number of pregnancies preceding subsequent stillbirth.

RESULTS:
The pooled data set included 1,064,564 women, 6,288 (0.59%) with a stillbirth and 1,058,276 with a live birth in a first pregnancy. Compared with women with a live birth, women with a stillbirth in the first pregnancy were more likely to have a subsequent stillbirth (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.25, 95% CI 1.86–2.72). For women with more than two pregnancies, the difference in risk of subsequent stillbirth between the two groups increased with the number of subsequent pregnancies. Maternal age younger than 25 years or 40 years and older, smoking, low socioeconomic status, not having a partner, pre-existing diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, or delivery of a growth-restricted neonate in a first pregnancy were independently associated with subsequent stillbirth. Compared with women with a live birth in the first pregnancy, women with a stillbirth were more likely to have another pregnancy within 1 year. The absolute risk of stillbirth in a subsequent pregnancy for women with stillbirth and live birth in a first pregnancy were 2.5% and 0.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with women with a live birth in a first pregnancy, women with a stillbirth have a higher risk of subsequent stillbirth irrespective of the number and sequence of the pregnancies. Despite high relative risk, the absolute risk of recurrence was low.
Association of Skin Incision Type With Postoperative Cesarean Delivery Complications in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Martin Jane , Gastanaduy Mariella , Nakahara Angela , Peterson Sydney , Chai Melinda , Mussarat Naiha , Biggio Joseph 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether Pfannenstiel skin incision compared with vertical skin incision was associated with postcesarean delivery wound complications in morbidly obese women.

METHODS:
We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients with body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher who delivered by cesarean between July 2012 and May 2019. The primary outcome was a composite wound morbidity (until 42 days postpartum) including wound separation, infection, and dehiscence. Secondary outcomes included individual composite components plus select maternal and neonatal outcomes. Comparisons of demographics and outcomes were made by χ2 and t test. Logistic regression was performed. Subgroup analysis was performed according to location of vertical skin incision in relation to the umbilicus.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,901 patients were included. To account for imbalances in demographics between exposure groups, vertical and Pfannenstiel skin incision patients were matched in a 1:4 fashion for age, BMI, smoking status, and diabetes. The frequency of wound morbidity was 13.2% overall. There was no difference in the primary outcome when comparing Pfannenstiel with vertical skin incision (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5, 95% CI 0.8–2.8). Patients with a vertical skin incision were more likely to undergo vertical hysterotomy (aOR 138.7, 95% CI 46.9–410) and transfusion (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.8–16.5). When vertical skin incision was classified into supraumbilical and infraumbilical, and compared with Pfannenstiel skin incision, infraumbilical vertical skin incision was associated with increased wound morbidity (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% CI 1.4–4.5) and wound infection (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) compared with Pfannenstiel. Both types of vertical skin incision were associated with increased odds of vertical hysterotomy and transfusion when compared with Pfannenstiel.

CONCLUSION:
In morbidly obese women who underwent cesarean delivery, the frequency of postoperative wound morbidity was similar after Pfannenstiel and vertical skin incisions.
Prenatal Nicotine or Cannabis Exposure and Offspring Neurobehavioral Outcomes
Authors: Smid Marcela C. , Metz Torri D. , McMillin Gwen A. , Mele Lisa , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Thorp John M. , Saade George R. , Tita Alan T. N. , Miller Emily S. , Rouse Dwight J. , Sibai Baha , Costantine Maged M. , Mercer Brian M. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network*
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To study the association between nicotine or cannabis metabolite presence in maternal urine and child neurodevelopmental outcomes.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of two parallel multicenter randomized controlled trials of treatment for hypothyroxinemia or subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant individuals enrolled at 8–20 weeks of gestation. All maternal–child dyads with a maternal urine sample at enrollment and child neurodevelopmental testing were included (N=1,197). Exposure was urine samples positive for nicotine (cotinine) or cannabis 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC-COOH]) or both metabolites. Primary outcome was child IQ at 60 months. Secondary outcomes included cognitive, motor and language, attention, behavioral and social competency, and differential skills assessments at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Quantile regression analysis was performed with confounder adjustment.

RESULTS:
Of 1,197 pregnant individuals, 99 (8.3%) had positive cotinine samples and 47 (3.9%) had positive THC-COOH samples; 33 (2.8%) were positive for both. Groups differed in self-reported race and ethnicity, education, marital status, insurance, and thyroid status. Median IQ was similar between cotinine-exposed and -unexposed children (90 vs 95, adjusted difference in medians −2.47, 95% CI −6.22 to 1.29) and THC-COOH-exposed and -unexposed children (89 vs 95, adjusted difference in medians −1.35, 95% CI −7.76 to 5.05). In secondary outcome analysis, children with THC-COOH exposure compared with those unexposed had higher attention scores at 48 months of age (57 vs 49, adjusted difference in medians 6.0, 95% CI 1.11–10.89).

CONCLUSIONS:
Neither prenatal nicotine nor cannabis exposure was associated with a difference in IQ. Cannabis exposure was associated with worse attention scores in early childhood. Longitudinal studies assessing associations between child neurodevelopmental outcomes and prenatal nicotine and cannabis exposure with a focus on timing and quantity of exposure are needed.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00388297.