bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study on the performance of time-over-threshold based positioning in monolithic PET detectors
Authors: Thyssen Charlotte , Deprez Karel , Mollet Pieter , Van Holen Roel , Vandenberghe Stefaan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The vast majority of PET detectors in the field today are based on pixelated scintillators. Yet, the resolution of this type of detector is limited by the pixel size. To overcome this limitation, one can use monolithic detectors. However, this detector architecture demands specific and high-speed detector readout of the photodetector array. A commonly used approach is to integrate the current pulses generated by every pixel but such circuitry quickly becomes bulky, power consuming and expensive. The objective of this work is to investigate a novel readout and event positioning scheme for monolithic PET detectors, based on time-over-threshold (ToT). In this case, we measure the time that the pulse is above a certain threshold through a comparator. The pulse widths are used for event positioning using a mean nearest neighbour approach (mNN
ToT
). For energy determination one integrating multiplexed channel is foreseen. We evaluate the positioning accuracy and uniformity of such a ToT detector by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of the threshold value is investigated and the results are compared to a detector using mean nearest neighbour with pulse-integration (mNN
int
), which has already proven to allow sub-mm resolution. We show minimal degradation in spatial resolution and bias performance compared to mNN
int
. The highest threshold results in the worst resolution performance but degradation remains below 0.1 mm. Bias is largely constant over different thresholds for mNN
ToT
and close to identical to mNN
int
. Furthermore we show that ToT performs well in terms of detector uniformity and that scattered photons can be positioned inside the crystal with high accuracy. We conclude from this work that ToT is a valuable alternative to pulse-integration for monolithic PET detectors. This novel approach has an impact on PET detector development since it has the advantage of lower power consumption, compactness and inherent amplitude-to-time conversion.
Enhanced confinement in diverted negative-triangularity L-mode plasmas in TCV
Authors: Coda S , Merle A , Sauter O , Porte L , Bagnato F , Boedo J , Bolzonella T , Février O , Labit B , Marinoni A , Pau A , Pigatto L , Sheikh U , Tsui C , Vallar M , Vu T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The favorable confinement properties of negative-triangularity (NT) tokamak configurations were discovered in the TCV tokamak in the late 1990s and were documented over the two following decades, through investigations of predominantly electron-heated plasmas in limited topologies. The most recent experimental campaign in TCV has marked a leap forward, characterized by the development of a variety of diverted NT shapes that are robustly stable with basic Ohmic heating. The application of auxiliary heating, directed now at both electrons and ions (using electron-cyclotron resonance heating as well as neutral-beam injection), has enabled the achievement of record performances for L-mode plasmas, with normalized β values reaching 2.8 transiently (as well as 2 in steady state, but reverting to a limited configuration) and with comparable ion and electron temperatures. The systematic confinement enhancement with NT is confirmed in these experiments. The L-mode existence space is broader than at positive triangularity, with only sporadic transitions to H-mode observed up to 1.4 MW heating power regardless of the magnetic-field-gradient direction relative to the X-point. These experiments are planned to be continued with even higher power following a heating-source upgrade.
High-performance narrow spectrum green phosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with external quantum efficiency up to 38%
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Liu Wenxing , Chen Kai , Wu Ruixia , Liu Guojun , Zhou Liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have experimentally demonstrated the efficacy of micro-cavity effect in realizing high-performance top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs). By optimizing the thickness of top Yb/Ag electrode and cavity length, highly efficient green TEOLED with external quantum efficiency as high as 38% was achieved. A strong dependence of electroluminescent (EL) performances and spectrum on cavity length was observed, and there was also a significant angle dependence of EL spectrum. Ultimately, ultra-high current efficiency up to 161.17 cd A−1 (3.2 V) was obtained by the device with emission peak at 552 nm, which is 35 nm longer than the intrinsic emission peak (517 nm) of utilized green emitter. Interestingly, this device displayed narrow emission with full-width at half-maximum of less than 20 nm, which was obtained by increasing the Ag layer thickness.
In-situ monitoring of micro-tunnel geometry change based on distributed optical fiber strain sensing
Authors: Piccolo Arianna , Lecieux Yann , Leduc Dominique , Delepine-Lesoille Sylvie , Bumbieler Frédéric , Yven Béatrice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Underground radioactive waste disposal facilities must be monitored to guarantee their correct and safe exploitation during the early stage of their service life. This will be the case in Cigéo, the french industrial geological disposal facility for high-level and intermediate-level long-lived waste, which must be monitored for the first a hundred years at least. For this purpose optical fiber strain sensing cables can be chosen for their low intrusivity and resistance to harsh radiation environment. In this paper, a monitoring method able to follow shape evolution of the structure’s section, based on distributed strain sensing is tested on a high-level waste disposal cell mock-up, a steel lined micro-tunnel of 762 mm of outer diameter. The cell demonstrator is built in Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory, in the same geological environment as the one envisaged for Cigéo but it is empty of waste. After 7 months of loading of the rock around the mock-up, a maximum of 2 mm of diameter reduction is observed with Rayleigh-scattering based strain sensing technique and 10 mm of spatial resolution around the circumference. This validation under realistic test conditions opens up to the use of the method in-situ for tunnel monitoring in harsh environment.
Improving the comprehensive performance of miniature MR rotary actuators using a lamellar excitation structure
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhu Tairong , Liao Yunlai , Li Jiaqi , Dai Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Miniaturization has increasingly become a crucial prerequisite in various magnetorheological (MR) drive application scenarios. Owing to their high controllability and low response time, MR rotary actuators are developed for numerous feasible actuation solutions. However, the incident low degradation efficiency in the miniaturization limits the application of MR rotary actuators. In addition to torque capacity, structural simplification and easy machinability are also essential for miniaturization. In this study, a novel lamellar excitation structure (LES), which is interleaved with induction coils and ring-shaped iron cores, is proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of a miniature MR rotary actuator. The optimisation of the magnetic field distribution is realised by adopting an equivalent magnetic modelling method. The miniature MR actuator is incorporated into a turbine generator to evaluate the torque capability of the proposed LES-incorporated MR actuator via a kinematic model of the rotating shaft. The LES-incorporated MR rotary actuator demonstrates more favourable deceleration efficiency and torque capacity than conventional MR rotary actuators. The speed reduction per unit power Δn/P can be increased by 500% at most. The torque enhancement ratio-to-volume ratio value of LES is approximately 80 times higher than that of other optimised structures. We believe that this study is significant in improving the comprehensive performance of miniature MR rotary actuators, expanding the applications of MR actuators in miniaturised scenarios.
A novel chain-cluster model of magnetorheological elastomer for the dynamic mechanical performance research
Authors: Fan Lili 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The existing research on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) mainly focused on the improvement of MRE formula and structural design of MRE devices. As to the microscopic mechanism, less research has been done. Based on the scanning electron micrograph of MRE, a novel chain-cluster model of MRE was constructed in this study. Particle size and particle distance were introduced simultaneously to the constitutive relation of MRE. The dynamic mechanical properties of MRE are studied theoretically and experimentally. Using the constructed chain-cluster model of MRE, the effect of magnetic field, particle volume fraction and strain on the magnetic-induced modulus of MRE were simulated. Rotating rheometer was adopted to test the magnetic response characteristics of MREs. Simulation and test results showed that the maximum magnetic-induced modulus tested experimentally was in good agreement with that calculated theoretically. Thus, the constructed chain-cluster model of MRE shows an important role in the field of intelligent vibration. It not only makes great sense in the prediction of MRE property but provides guidance on the property improvement of MRE.
Theory of multiple quantum coherence signals in dilute thermal gases
Authors: Ames Benedikt , Carnio Edoardo G , Shatokhin Vyacheslav N , Buchleitner Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Manifestations of dipole–dipole interactions in dilute thermal gases are difficult to sense because of strong inhomogeneous broadening. Recent experiments reported signatures of such interactions in fluorescence detection-based measurements of multiple quantum coherence (MQC) signals, with many characteristic features hitherto unexplained. We develop an original open quantum systems theory of MQC in dilute thermal gases, which allows us to resolve this conundrum. Our theory accounts for the vector character of the atomic dipoles as well as for driving laser pulses of arbitrary strength, includes the far-field coupling between the dipoles, which prevails in dilute ensembles, and effectively incorporates atomic motion via a disorder average. We show that collective decay processes—which were ignored in previous treatments employing the electrostatic form of dipolar interactions—play a key role in the emergence of MQC signals.
Dual form of the phase-space classical simulation problem in quantum optics
Authors: Semenov A A , Klimov A B 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn quantum optics, nonclassicality of quantum states is commonly associated with negativities of phase-space quasiprobability distributions. We argue that the impossibility of any classical simulations with phase-space functions is a necessary and sufficient condition of nonclassicality. The problem of such phase-space classical simulations for particular measurement schemes is analysed in the framework of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bell’s principles of physical reality. The dual form of this problem results in an analogue of Bell inequalities. Their violations imply the impossibility of phase-space classical simulations and, as a consequence, nonclassicality of quantum states. We apply this technique to emblematic optical measurements such as photocounting, including the cases of realistic photon-number resolution and homodyne detection in unbalanced, balanced, and eight-port configurations.
Quantum thermodynamics in the no-measurement scheme: driven two-level atom and harmonic oscillator
Authors: Moradian A , Kheirandish F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The two-point measurement and no-measurement schemes are reviewed briefly. The quantum thermodynamics of a driven harmonic oscillator and a two-level atom in an external light field are investigated in the framework of the no-measurement scheme. The work distribution functions and the modified quantum Jarzynski theorem are obtained and discussed.
The inflationary wavefunction from analyticity and factorization
Authors: Meltzer David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the analytic properties of tree-level wavefunction coefficients in quasi-de Sitter space.
We focus on theories which spontaneously break dS boost symmetries and can produce significant non-Gaussianities.
The corresponding inflationary correlators are (approximately) scale invariant, but are not invariant under the full conformal group.
We derive cutting rules and dispersion formulas for the late-time wavefunction coefficients by using factorization and analyticity properties of the dS bulk-to-bulk propagator.
This gives a unitarity method which is valid at tree-level for general n-point functions and for fields of arbitrary mass.
Using the cutting rules and dispersion formulas, we are able to compute n-point functions by gluing together lower-point functions.
As an application, we study general four-point, scalar exchange diagrams in the EFT of inflation.
We show that exchange diagrams constructed from boost-breaking interactions can be written as a finite sum over residues.
Finally, we explain how the dS identities used in this work are related by analytic continuation to analogous identities in Anti-de Sitter space.
Entanglement witnesses of four-qubit tripartite separable quantum states*
Authors: Xu Miao , Zhou Wei-Feng , Chen Feng , Jiang Li-Zhen , Chen Xiao-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A quantum entangled state is easily disturbed by noise and degenerates into a separable state. Compared to the entanglement with bipartite quantum systems, less progress has been made for the entanglement with multipartite quantum systems. For tripartite separability of a four-qubit system, we propose two entanglement witnesses, each of which corresponds to a necessary condition of tripartite separability. For the four-qubit GHZ state mixed with a W state and white noise, we prove that the necessary conditions of tripartite separability are also sufficient at W states side.
A multi-step blind source separation approach for the attenuation of artifacts in mobile high-density electroencephalography data
Authors: Zhao Mingqi , Bonassi Gaia , Guarnieri Roberto , Pelosin Elisa , Nieuwboer Alice , Avanzino Laura , Mantini Dante 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used technique to address research questions about brain functioning, from controlled laboratorial conditions to naturalistic environments. However, EEG data are affected by biological (e.g. ocular, myogenic) and non-biological (e.g. movement-related) artifacts, which—depending on their extent—may limit the interpretability of the study results. Blind source separation (BSS) approaches have demonstrated to be particularly promising for the attenuation of artifacts in high-density EEG (hdEEG) data. Previous EEG artifact removal studies suggested that it may not be optimal to use the same BSS method for different kinds of artifacts. Approach. In this study, we developed a novel multi-step BSS approach to optimize the attenuation of ocular, movement-related and myogenic artifacts from hdEEG data. For validation purposes, we used hdEEG data collected in a group of healthy participants in standing, slow-walking and fast-walking conditions. During part of the experiment, a series of tone bursts were used to evoke auditory responses. We quantified event-related potentials (ERPs) using hdEEG signals collected during an auditory stimulation, as well as the event-related desynchronization (ERD) by contrasting hdEEG signals collected in walking and standing conditions, without auditory stimulation. We compared the results obtained in terms of auditory ERP and motor-related ERD using the proposed multi-step BSS approach, with respect to two classically used single-step BSS approaches. Main results. The use of our approach yielded the lowest residual noise in the hdEEG data, and permitted to retrieve stronger and more reliable modulations of neural activity than alternative solutions. Overall, our study confirmed that the performance of BSS-based artifact removal can be improved by using specific BSS methods and parameters for different kinds of artifacts. Significance. Our technological solution supports a wider use of hdEEG-based source imaging in movement and rehabilitation studies, and contributes to the further development of mobile brain/body imaging applications.
Ultrasonic thalamic stimulation modulates neural activity of thalamus and motor cortex in the mouse
Authors: Wang Xingran , Yan Jiaqing , Zhang Huiran , Yuan Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that ultrasound thalamic stimulation (UTS) can treat disorders of consciousness. However, it is still unclear how UTS modulates neural activity in the thalamus and cortex. Approach. In this study, we performed UTS in mice and recorded the neural activities including spike and local field potential (LFP) of the thalamus and motor cortex (M1). We analyzed the firing rate of spikes and the power spectrum of LFPs and evaluated the coupling relationship between LFPs from the thalamus and M1 with Granger causality. Main results. Our results clearly indicate that UTS can directly induce neural activity in the thalamus and indirectly induce neural activity in the M1. We also found that there is a strong connection relationship of neural activity between thalamus and M1 under UTS. Significance. These results demonstrate that UTS can modulate the neural activity of the thalamus and M1 in mice. It has the potential to provide guidance for the ultrasound treatment of thalamus-related diseases.
Effect of Undecided and Swing Voters on The Dynamics Voters Model in Presidential Elections
Authors: Yong B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we construct the NUS1S2A voters model of two political fanaticism figures which involves undecided and swing voters. We determine the equilibrium points and the threshold parameter of the voters model. We also perform a sensitivity analysis for the threshold number to determine the importance of model parameters. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the rate of transfer from neutral voters to undecided and swing voters is not the most negative sensitive parameter of the model, even though an increase in its parameter will cause a decrease in voter interest in voting in the presidential elections.
Output Tracking of Some Class Non-Minimum Phase Nonlinear Systems via linearization Input-Output
Authors: Firman  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present an output tracking problem for a non-minimum phase nonlinear system. In this paper, the input control design to solve the output tracking problem is to use the input output linearization method. The use of the input output linearization method cannot be initiated from output causing the system to be non-minimum phase. Therefore the output of the system will be redefined such that the system will become minimum phase with respect to a new output.
Mixed Multivariate EWMA-CUSUM (MEC) Chart based on MLS-SVR Model for Monitoring Drinking Water Quality
Authors: Mashuri M , Khusna H , Wibawati  , Putri F D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Monitoring the quality of drinking water needs to be conducted considering the important role of water in human life. Mixed Multivariate EWMA-CUSUM (MEC) chart is a multivariate control chart developed for observing the mean process. Based on the previous studies, this chart has better performance in detecting a shift in the process mean. In this research, the MEC is applied to observe the grade of drinking water. However, there is autocorrelation in drinking water data which lead to more false alarm occurred. Therefore, the Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR) model is employed to reduce or even remove the autocorrelation in the data. Using the optimal hyperparameter, the MLS-SVR algorithm produces the residuals of phase I with no autocorrelation. Those residuals are then used to form the MEC control charts. When the MEC is used to monitor the residual in phase I, there is no signal of out-of-control found. Further, in phase II, out-of-control observations are detected. The MEC chart can detect more signals out of control compared to the conventional Hotelling’s T
2 and Multivariate Exponentially Moving Average (MEWMA) charts.
Statistical Inference on Nonparametric Spline Models and its Applications
Authors: Arifanti D R , Hidayat R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the components of the Human Development Index which is still a problem and concern in the world today is the Life Expectancy Rate (LER). United Nations Development Program (UNDP). United Nations Development Program (UNDP) uses the LER to measure community health status as well as a benchmark for development success. LER in Indonesia continues to increase almost throughout the year. That is, the hope of a newborn baby to be able to live longer is getting higher. LER data modelling with parametric regression is not necessarily suitable to be applied because the LER relationship pattern has a pattern that varies at certain age intervals. Spline regression is a regression method that can handle data whose pattern changes at certain intervals. Spline is one of the models in nonparametric regression that has a very special and very good visual statistical interpretation. In addition, splines are also able to handle data characters or functions that are smooth (smooth). This study aims to derive the form of the estimator and the shortest confidence interval for the quadratic spline model and model the LER data in Indonesia.
Comparison of Bayesian Spatio-temporal Models of Tuberculosis in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Sukarna  , Wahyuni Maya Sari , Syam Rahmat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
South Sulawesi province ranks sixth-highest in tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia. Makassar ranks the highest in South Sulawesi. Spatio-temporal modelling can identify the areas with high risk as well as the temporal relative risk of disease. We analysed the tuberculosis cases data from Makassar City Health Office for 15 districts over seven years from 2012 to 2018. Seven models of Bayesian Spatio-temporal (BST) Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) were applied by using the measures of goodness of fit (GOF) namely, DIC and WAIC. The results showed that BST CAR localised model with G = 3 has the lowest DIC and BST CAR adaptive has the lowest WAIC. Based on the preferred model (Bayesian ST CAR localised with G=3), Panakukang district had the highest relative risk of TB in 2012, 2013, and 2014, while Makassar district had the highest relative risk of TB in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Mamajang had the highest relative risk of TB in 2018.
Visualization of the gas flows that formed above the thin-film coatings under VUV radiation influence
Authors: Skriabin A S , Telekh V D , Pavlov A V , Chesnokov D A , Zhupanov V G , Novikov P A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The plasma focus of a magnetoplasma compressor is a unique source of high-brightness broadband VUV (with photon energy of 5 to 100 electron volt) radiation. When such radiation affects on the surfaces of materials, it is possible to generate rather complex gas-dynamic structures due to the evaporation of the material and ionization of its vapors. A separate task is to study the processes of a gas-dynamic response to the exposure of the specified radiation fluxes on the surface of interference antireflection and reflective multilayers, which are used in modern laser technology, high-power optoelectronics, etc. In this report, we used schlieren photography for studying the features of gas-dynamic structures that arise at irradiation of coatings. Radiation resistant (in the visible and near IR ranges) HfO2/SiO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 multilayer structures (with a total thickness of 140–3700 nanometers and a number of layers of from 2 to 24) were used as prototypes for testing their stability under the VUV exposure.