bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What matters when developing oil price volatility forecasting frameworks?
Authors: Delis Panagiotis , Degiannakis Stavros , Filis George 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForecasting oil price volatility is considered of major importance for numerous stakeholders, including, policy makers, industries, and investors. This paper examines and evaluates the main factors that oil price volatility forecasters should consider before constructing their forecasting models. Such factors are related to (i) direct versus iterated forecasts, (ii) the incorporation of continuous and jump components, (iii) the importance of semi variance volatility measures, and (iv) ordinary least squares (OLS) versus time‐varying parameter (TVP) estimation procedures. We evaluate the performance of these factors for both the realized and implied volatility measures of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price, based on statistical loss functions, as well as their economic use. The results show that depending on whether end users are interested in forecasting the realized or the implied volatility, the factors influencing the accuracy of forecasts are different. In particular, for the realized volatility, direct forecasting based on TVP estimation procedure, as well as using the information obtained in the semi variance measures, is capable of producing significantly superior forecasts. By contrast, separating the continuous and the jump components of the realized volatility does not provide any added value to these forecasts. Turning to the oil price implied volatility index (OVX), based on the economic evaluation of our forecasts, the TVP estimation procedure seems to perform better. In addition, we find evidence that the continuous component and the semivariance measures of the realized volatility also yield better OVX forecasts in the longer run horizons.
Determination of chloramphenicol in meat samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Akter Mou Salma , Islam Rafiza , Shoeb Mohammad , Nahar Nilufar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChloramphenicol (CAP), a bacteriostatic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of bacterial infections in human and animals. Continual exposure of CAP residues into animal tissues may lead to antibiotic resistance. For the protection of humans and animals from this problem, a fast and highly sensitive analytical method based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was developed and validated in this study for the quantitative determination of CAP in poultry meat and beef samples. Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the extraction of CAP residues. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Poultry meat and beef samples were extracted with 20 ml water–acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) and cleaned up by MgSO4, primary secondary amine, and C18 powder. The method was found to be linear in a wide concentration range, with correlation coefficient of higher than 0.999. The repeatability and reproducibility of this method were satisfactory. The achieved limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.16 and 0.50 ng/g, respectively. Recoveries were estimated at 5 and 10 ng/g spiking levels in the range of 99%–111% with the coefficient of variation 0.48%–12.48% for spiked samples, and the matrix enhancement effects were mild in the range of 80%–85%. In this study, the levels of CAP residue in tested real samples were found below the detection limit. The method proved to be suitable for CAP determination in all kinds of samples tested and also efficient for the application of routine analysis.
Identification of the promising oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) genotypes based on fruit quality‐related characters
Authors: Safdari Leila , Khadivi Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe fruits of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) are rich in nutritional value and contain protein, sugar, vitamins, and minerals. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the morphological variability of the naturally grown accessions of this species. There was considerable variation among the accessions based on all the traits measured. The range of fruit weight was from 0.32 to 3.04 g, with an average of 1.48. Fruit yield was significantly and positively correlated with tree growth vigor, canopy density, branching, branch density, and leaf density. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated nine components of data accounted for 74.93% of the total variance. Ward cluster analysis using Euclidean distance classified the accessions into two main clusters and showed significant differences among the accessions studied. Among the area studied, 14 accessions showed the highest value of fruit quality‐related characters, which are suitable for fresh consumption and health benefits. The results provided important information useful for selecting the preferred accessions for commercial cultivation and breeding programs.
Investigation on a parking control strategy for automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Ma Tiancai , Zhu Dong , Xie Jialin , Lin Weikang , Yang Yanbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for vehicles, the changes in gas composition and oxygen accumulation may exist during the parking process even by using a shut‐down strategy of oxygen consumption, which can lead to the hydrogen/air interface. However, this process of oxygen accumulation is often ignored. Thus, in this work, the diffusion rate of the gas, the gas composition changes, and the starting voltage of the PEMFC stack are discussed. According to the experiment, it is proved that the poor gas tightness of the stack results in the formation of the oxygen inside the stack during the parking process and the threshold parking time of no hydrogen inside the stack is above 1 h. Then, a parking control strategy is proposed by injecting hydrogen into the anode, and the hydrogen injection cycle is set as 1 h by the anodic hydrogen concentration. Based on the strategy, the starting voltage of the fuel cell is declined from 18 V to 3 V. That means the hydrogen/air interface is declined. Therefore, the durability of the PEMFC for vehicles can be enhanced.
Sphingosine kinase 2 is essential for remyelination following cuprizone intoxication
Authors: Song Huitong , McEwen Holly P. , Duncan Thomas , Lee Jun Yup , Teo Jonathan D. , Don Anthony S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTherapeutics that promote oligodendrocyte survival and remyelination are needed to restore neurological function in demyelinating diseases. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through five G‐protein coupled receptors. S1P receptor agonists such as Fingolimod are valuable immunosuppressants used to treat multiple sclerosis, and promote oligodendrocyte survival. However, the role for endogenous S1P, synthesized by the enzyme sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), in oligodendrocyte survival and myelination has not been established. This study investigated the requirement for SphK2 in oligodendrocyte survival and remyelination using the cuprizone mouse model of acute demyelination, followed by spontaneous remyelination. Oligodendrocyte density did not differ between untreated wild‐type (WT) and SphK2 knockout (SphK2−/−) mice. However, cuprizone treatment caused significantly greater loss of mature oligodendrocytes in SphK2−/− compared to WT mice. Following cuprizone withdrawal, spontaneous remyelination occurred in WT but not SphK2−/− mice, even though progenitor and mature oligodendrocyte density increased in both genotypes. Levels of cytotoxic sphingosine and ceramide were higher in the corpus callosum of SphK2−/− mice, and in contrast to WT mice, did not decline following cuprizone withdrawal in SphK2−/− mice. We also observed a significant reduction in myelin thickness with aging in SphK2−/− compared to WT mice. These results provide the first evidence that SphK2, the dominant enzyme catalyzing S1P synthesis in the adult brain, is essential for remyelination following a demyelinating insult and myelin maintenance with aging. We propose that persistently high levels of sphingosine and ceramide, a direct consequence of SphK2 deficiency, may block remyelination.
A novel landmark for endonasal surgery of the pterygopalatine fossa and inferior orbital fissure: The orbito‐pterygo‐sphenoidal ligament
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe pterygopalatine fossa contains a dense and complex array of neurovascular structures vulnerable to accidental surgical injury. This study aims to describe a novel landmark, the orbito‐pterygo‐sphenoidal ligament (OPSL), and implications of this structure for surgery in the pterygopalatine fossa and the inferior orbital fissure. Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected using an endonasal approach to expose the periosteal layers associated with the pterygopalatine fossa and orbit. The thickened triangular‐shaped ligament at their confluence was termed the OPSL. Dimensions of its lateral, inferior, and medial borders were measured, and their anatomical relationships defined. The pterygopalatine ganglion and the maxillary nerve lie immediately inferior and deep into the OPSL. The superior aspect of the posterior nasoseptal artery and nerve are covered by the medial OPSL. The lateral and inferior borders of the OPSL are contiguous with the periorbita and the periosteum of the pterygopalatine fossa, respectively. Along the medial border of the ligament, the openings of the palatovaginal fissure, vidian canal, and foramen rotundum were sequentially identified in a medial to lateral trajectory. The length of the lateral, inferior, and medial borders of the triangular OPSL were 13.25 ± 0.62, 14.25 ± 0.45, and 12.08 ± 0.90 mm, respectively. The OPSL is a thick, triangular‐shaped fascial confluence, which may serve as a landmark for procedures within the pterygopalatine fossa and the inferior orbital fissure.
Application of HAM to laminar boundary layer flow over a wedge with an external magnetic field
Authors: Nandeppanavar Mahantesh M. , Madhusudhan R. , Nargund Achala L. , Sathyanarayana S. B. , Kemparaju M. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe incompressible laminar along with injection or suction over a wedge for a boundary layer flow is studied. Falkner–Skan transformations reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to two nonlinear coupled PDEs and are solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The variation of a dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles and for , , and to the nonidentical values of the parameter for injection/suction has been shown in the graph. The results hence obtained show that the flow field is determined by the existence of the applied magnetic field. The finite difference method is applied to the reduced PDEs and the velocity and temperature profiles are compared with the HAM solutions and depicted graphically. To distinguish singularities in the graph, we have applied Pade for the HAM series solution, which is depicted in graphs for all three cases. We have also estimated the radius of convergence of HAM solutions by Domb–Sykes plot for injection, no suction, and suction respectively. The important observation made by us through HAM and numerical solution is the existence of flow separation for injection, which is not shown by previous authors.
Aluminium in cosmetics and personal care products
Authors: Sanajou Sonia , Şahin Gönül , Baydar Terken 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsage of inorganic ingredients like aluminium salts in cosmetics and personal care products has been a concern for producers and consumers. Although aluminium is used to treat hyperhidrosis, some worries have been raised about aluminium's role in breast cancer, breast cyst and Alzheimer's disease. The human population is exposed to aluminium from vaccines, diet, and drinking water, but the frequent use of aluminium‐based cosmetics might add additional local exposure. This paper reviews literature to determine if aluminium‐based products may pose potential harm to the body. The dermal absorption of aluminium is not widely understood. It is not yet known whether aluminium can travel from the skin to brain to cause Alzheimer's disease. Aluminium may cause gene instability, alter gene expression or enhance oxidative stress, but the carcinogenicity of aluminium has not been proved yet. Until now, epidemiological researches were based on oral information, which lacks consistency, and the results are conflicting. Future studies should target real‐life‐based long‐time exposure to antiperspirants and other aluminium‐containing cosmetics and personal care products.
Terpolymer‐chitosan membranes as biomaterial
Authors: Bravi Costantino María Leticia , Belluzo María Soledad , Oberti Tamara G. , Cortizo Ana M. , Cortizo María Susana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study shows a novel copolymer synthesis, its application in the membrane design and the physicochemical and biological characterization of the biomaterial obtained. Terpolymer starting diisopropyl fumarate (F), vinyl benzoate (V) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (H) was prepared by thermal radical polymerization. This polymer (FVH) was obtained in several monomer ratios and characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods (FTIR, 1H‐NMR and SEC). The best relationship of F:V:H was 5:4:1, which allows efficient interaction with chitosan through cross‐linking with borax to achieve scaffolds for potential biomedical applications. The membranes were obtained by solvent casting and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling behavior and mechanical properties. In addition, we studied the possible cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of these materials using a murine macrophage‐like cell line (RAW 264.7) and bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (BMPC), respectively, taking into account their intended applications. The results of this study show that the terpolymer obtained and its combination with a natural polymer is a very interesting strategy to obtain a biomaterial with possible applications in regenerative medicine and this could be extended to other structurally related systems.
Reduced expression of circRNA hsa_circ_001888 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance
Authors: Shi Peina , Song Haojun , Ding Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel family of endogenous RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are potential novel biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to identify the relationship between GC and a new circRNA named hsa_circ_001888.MethodsHsa_circ_001888 expression levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in GC cell lines, tissues, and plasma samples. Then, the associations between the expression level of hsa_circ_001888 and the clinicopathological features of patients with GC were further investigated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_001888.ResultsIn this study, hsa_circ_001888 was first found to be significantly downregulated in GC cell lines (AGS and MKN‐45), tissues, and plasma samples compared to control samples. Clinicopathological features showed that the expression of hsa_circ_001888 in GC tissues was associated with differentiation and in GC plasma linked with serum CEA and CA19‐9 levels. The areas under the ROC curves of hsa_circ_001888 in tissues and plasma were 0.654 and 0.66, respectively.ConclusionsHsa_circ_001888 may serve as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of GC and may be involved in GC development.
Sestrin2 and Beclin1 levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Saeedi Vahid , Nourbakhsh Mona , Nourbakhsh Mitra , Haghighi Ladan , Kamalzadeh Leila , Ezzati Mobasser Samira , Razzaghy‐Azar Maryam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSestrin2 and beclin1 are two newly found proteins that have essential roles in autophagy. This study attempted to evaluate the plasma concentrations of sestrin2 and beclin1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls and to explore the clinical value of these proteins as novel biomarkers for PCOS.MethodsIn this case‐control study, plasma levels of sestrin2 and beclin1, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, insulin, and androgens were evaluated in 63 women (31 patients and 32 controls). Sestrin2 and beclin1 levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, logistic regression, and ROC curve analyses were used in this study.ResultsPlasma sestrin2 levels of the subjects with PCOS (40.74 [24.39–257.70]) were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (255.78 [25.46–528.66]; p‐value = 0.040). ROC curve analysis showed that a cutoff value of 420.5 ng/L had an appropriate sensitivity (83.87%) and specificity (46.88%) for discriminating individuals with and without PCOS, with the area under the curve (95% CI) of 0.648 (0.518 to 0.764), p = 0.036. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning plasma levels of beclin1, biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and anthropometric features.ConclusionOur findings highlight the dysregulation of sestrin2 as a marker of autophagy in PCOS and its potential usefulness as a novel biomarker for PCOS. Further research is needed to better understand the role of this protein in the pathophysiology of PCOS and its value as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of PCOS patients.
Activities and relationships with parents as key ecological assets that encourage personal positive youth development
Authors: Orejudo Santos , Balaguer Álvaro , Osorio Alfonso , de la Rosa Pedro Antonio , Lopez‐del Burgo Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScientific literature has shown contextual factors that predict youth development, and family variables are the most important ones. In this study, we propose a model that explains the relation between family variables (relationship with parents and family activities) and Personal Positive Youth Development (assessed through Life satisfaction, Interiority, and Self‐control), across different cultures. We recruited 2867 adolescents aged 12–18 years (52% female) from three countries: Spain, Mexico, and Peru. They completed an anonymous questionnaire. We run exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling, testing for invariance across countries and sexes. In all subsamples, positive family relationships were associated with adolescents' Life Satisfaction. In addition, time invested on family activities was associated with Interiority and with Self‐control. However, some differences across cultures and sex were found in the specific associations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed regarding how to improve adolescent development through family life.
Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Uses, Adverse Drug Events, and Drug Interactions
Authors: Brown Joshua D. , Rivera Rivera Kevin J. , Hernandez Leilanie Y. Crespo , Doenges Matthew R. , Auchey India , Pham Thanh , Goodin Amie J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this narrative review is to describe the current use environment of both natural and synthetic cannabinoids while providing context for cannabinoid chemistry and pharmacology. In addition to a long history of recreational and nonmedical use, natural cannabinoids are increasingly used as prescription products, through medical cannabis programs, and as consumer health products. Despite anecdotal safety evidence, cannabis and cannabinoids are pharmacologically complex and pose risks for adverse drug events and drug‐drug interactions. Synthetic cannabinoids, particularly agonists of cannabinoid receptors, are more potent than natural cannabinoids and can lead to more severe reactions and medical emergencies. This review provides a summary of approved uses and an overview of mechanisms of action for adverse drug events with natural and synthetic cannabinoids. Clinical considerations for special populations that may be at heightened risk for drug‐drug interactions and adverse drug events while using natural or synthetic cannabinoids are examined, and recommendations are provided.
Pharmacology of Drugs Used as Stimulants
Authors: Docherty James R. , Alsufyani Hadeel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsychostimulant, cardiovascular, and temperature actions of stimulants involve adrenergic (norepinephrine), dopaminergic (dopamine), and serotonergic (serotonin) pathways. Stimulants such as amphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or mephedrone can act on the neuronal membrane monoamine transporters NET, DAT, and SERT and/or the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 to inhibit reuptake of neurotransmitter or cause release by reverse transport. Stimulants may have additional effects involving pre‐ and postsynaptic/junctional receptors for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and other receptors. As a result, stimulants may have a wide range of possible actions. Agents with cocaine or MDMA‐like actions can induce serious and potentially fatal adverse events via thermodysregulatory, cardiovascular, or other mechanisms. MDMA‐like stimulants may cause hyperthermia that can be life threathening. Recreational users of stimulants should be aware of the dangers of hyperthermia in a rave/club environment.
The Epidemiology of Drug Abuse
Authors: Ignaszewski Martha J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany Americans use alcohol and recreational drugs. Some will develop substance use disorders that affect a person's brain and behavior, leading to continued use despite problems caused. We review the epidemiology of addiction in the United States, including changes in use patterns over time, highlighting rates in adolescents and young adults, as well as adults. An overview of the health and societal impacts of substance use is provided alongside the importance of multimodal, evidence‐based treatment comprising psychosocial interventions and medication management. The article concludes by exploring the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on people who use drugs and their access to treatment.