bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Bright and Stable Pure Blue Light‐Emitting Diode from O, N Co‐Doped Carbon Dots
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ma Yurong , Wu Qingyao , Wang Zhenzhen , Tao Yichen , Zhao Yajie , Wang Bo , Cao Jingjing , Wang Hui , Gu Xiaoqing , Huang Hui , Li Si , Wang Xiaoyong , Hu Fengrui , Shao Mingwang , Liao Liangsheng , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pure blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) play a key role in the application of solid display and illumination. Most of pure blue LEDs reported so far, are based on semiconductor quantum dots and metal complex, involving heavy metal elements. Here, the fabrication of O, N co‐doped carbon dots (CDs) by a hydrothermal method from perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,3‐diaminophenazine is shown. These CDs show strong photoluminescence (PL) emission peaked at 447 nm (in ethanol) with absolute PL quantum yields of 88.9%. They are then doped into poly(vinyl carbazole) to form the active emission layer in the pure blue CDs LEDs. The electroluminescence emission of these CDs LEDs is centered at 452 nm with Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.14, 0.10). Moreover, the pure blue CDs LEDs show a high external quantum efficiency of 2.114%, high brightness of 648 cd m–2, long half‐lifetime (T50) of 200 h, and a favorable current efficiency of 2.2 cd A−1. This work opens a new way to develop cost‐effective, environmental‐friendly, and high‐efficient metal‐free pure blue LEDs.
A fixed point theory over stratified truth
Authors: Cantini Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a theory of stratified truth with a μ‐operator, where terms representing fixed points of stratified monotone operations are available. We prove that is relatively intepretable into Quine's (or subsystems thereof). The motivation is to investigate a strong theory of truth, which is consistent by means ofstratification, i.e., by adopting an implicit type theoretic discipline, and yet is compatible with self‐reference (to a certain extent). The present version of is an enhancement of the theory presented in [2].
Agreement reducibility
Authors: Epstein Rachel , Lange Karen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce agreement reducibility and highlight its major features. Given subsets A and B of , we write if there is a total computable function satisfying for all , .We shall discuss the central role plays in this reducibility and its connection to strong‐hyper‐hyper‐immunity. We shall also compare agreement reducibility to other well‐known reducibilities, in particular s1‐ and s‐reducibility. We came upon this reducibility while studying the computable reducibility of a class of equivalence relations on based on set‐agreement. We end by describing the origin of agreement reducibility and presenting some results in that context.
General approach to Köthe echelon algebras
Authors: Ciaś Tomasz , Piszczek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe provide a study of Köthe sequence algebras. These are Fréchet sequence algebras which can be viewed as abstract analogoues of algebras of smooth or holomorphic functions. Of particular treatment are the following properties: unitality,m‐convexity,Q‐property and variants of amenability. These properties are then checked against the topological ‐(Ω) type conditions of Vogt–Zaharjuta. Description of characters and closed ideals in Köthe echelon algebras is provided. We show that these algebras are functionally continuous and we characterize completely which of them factor. Moreover, we prove that closed subalgebras of Montelm‐convex Köthe echelon algebras are Köthe echelon algebras as well and we give a version of Stone–Weiestrass theorem for these algebras. We also emphasize connections with the algebra of smooth operators.
Regorafenib inhibits migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting ID1‐mediated EMT
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Shaoqin , Wu Wenda , Lu Wenxian , Jiang Mingting , Zheng Ning , Huang Jing , Wang Long , Liu Hekun , Zheng Min , Wang Jichuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegorafenib is approved for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following sorafenib. However, the effect of regorafenib on HCC metastasis and its mechanism are poorly understood. Here, our data showed that regorafenib significantly restrained the migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of HCC cells, and downregulated the expression of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)/VM‐related molecules. Using RNA‐seq and cellular thermal shift assays, we found that inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) was a key target of regorafenib. In HCC tissues, the protein expression of ID1 was positively correlated with EMT and VM formation (CD34−/PAS+). Functionally, ID1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and VM formation in vitro and in vivo, with upregulation of E‐cadherin and downregulation of Snail and VE‐cadherin. Moreover, Snail overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and VM formation of ID1 knockdown cells. Snail knockdown reduced the migration, invasion, and VM formation of ID1 overexpression cells. Finally, regorafenib suppressed VM formation and decreased the expression of ID1, VE‐cadherin and Snail in HCC PDX model. In conclusion, we manifested that regorafenib distinctly inhibited EMT in HCC cells via targeting ID1, leading to the suppression of cell migration, invasion and VM formation. These findings suggest that regorafenib may be developed as a suitable therapeutic agent for HCC metastasis.
Germline MC1R variants and frequency of somatic BRAF, NRAS, and TERT mutations in melanoma: Literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zanna Ines , Caini Saverio , Raimondi Sara , Saieva Calogero , Masala Giovanna , Massi Daniela , Cocorocchio Emilia , Queirolo Paola , Stanganelli Ignazio , Gandini Sara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGermline variants of the melanocortin‐1‐receptor (MC1R) gene are the most common genetic trait predisposing to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Here, we performed a literature review and meta‐analysis of the association between MC1R gene variants and the frequency of somatic mutations of the BRAF, NRAS, and TERT genes in CM patients. We included studies published until January 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, and two grey literature databases. Random effect models were used to pool study‐specific estimates into summary odds ratio (SOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify potential sources of heterogeneity and assess the robustness of pooled estimates. Twelve studies published between 2006 and 2018 (encompassing 3566 CM, mostly on nonacral sites) were included. MC1R gene variants were not significantly associated with the frequency of somatic mutations of the BRAF and NRAS genes. Only three studies focused on somatic mutations of the TERT gene promoter, all of which reported moderate‐to‐strong positive associations with MC1R germline variants. MC1R gene variants appear to make only moderate changes, if any, to the risk of BRAF‐ or NRAS‐mutant CM. The association with TERT promoter mutations is suggestive, yet it warrants confirmation as it is based on a still limited number of studies
Brain Motor Network Changes in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Meta‐Analytic Modeling
Authors: Herz Damian M. , Meder David , Camilleri Julia A. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Siebner Hartwig R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMotor‐related brain activity in Parkinson's disease has been investigated in a multitude of functional neuroimaging studies, which often yielded apparently conflicting results. Our previous meta‐analysis did not resolve inconsistencies regarding cortical activation differences in Parkinson's disease, which might be related to the limited number of studies that could be included. Therefore, we conducted a revised meta‐analysis including a larger number of studies. The objectives of this study were to elucidate brain areas that consistently show abnormal motor‐related activation in Parkinson's disease and to reveal their functional connectivity profiles using meta‐analytic approaches.MethodsWe applied a quantitative meta‐analysis of functional neuroimaging studies testing limb movements in Parkinson's disease comprising data from 39 studies, of which 15 studies (285 of 571 individual patients) were published after the previous meta‐analysis. We also conducted meta‐analytic connectivity modeling to elucidate the connectivity profiles of areas showing abnormal activation.ResultsWe found consistent motor‐related underactivation of bilateral posterior putamen and cerebellum in Parkinson's disease. Primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area also showed deficient activation, whereas cortical regions localized directly anterior to these areas expressed overactivation. Connectivity modeling revealed that areas showing decreased activation shared a common pathway through the posterior putamen, whereas areas showing increased activation were connected to the anterior putamen.ConclusionsDespite conflicting results in individual neuroimaging studies, this revised meta‐analytic approach identified consistent patterns of abnormal motor‐related activation in Parkinson's disease. The distinct patterns of decreased and increased activity might be determined by their connectivity with different subregions of the putamen. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Efficient transfer of DNP‐enhanced 1H magnetization to half‐integer quadrupolar nuclei in solids at moderate spinning rate
Authors: Nagashima Hiroki , Trébosc Julien , Kon Yoshihiro , Lafon Olivier , Amoureux Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show herein how the proton magnetization enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be efficiently transferred at moderate magic‐angle spinning (MAS) frequencies to half‐integer quadrupolar nuclei, S ≥ 3/2, using the Dipolar‐mediated Refocused Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (D‐RINEPT) technique, in which a symmetry‐based
recoupling scheme built from adiabatic inversion 1H pulses reintroduces the 1H–S dipolar couplings, while suppressing the 1H–1H ones. The use of adiabatic pulses also improves the robustness to offsets and radiofrequency (rf)‐field inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the efficiency of the polarization transfer is further improved by using 1H composite pulses and continuous‐wave irradiations between the recoupling blocks, as well as by manipulating the S satellite transitions during the first recoupling block. Furthermore, in the case of large 1H–S dipolar couplings, the D‐RINEPT variant with two pulses on the quadrupolar channel results in an improved transfer efficiency. We compare here the performances of this new adiabatic scheme with those of its parent version with single π pulses, as well as with those of PRESTO and CPMAS transfers. This comparison is performed using simulations as well as DNP‐enhanced 27Al, 95Mo, and 17O NMR experiments on isotopically unmodified γ‐alumina, hydrated titania‐supported MoO3, Mg(OH)2, and l‐histidine·HCl·H2O. The introduced RINEPT method outperforms the existing methods, both in terms of efficiency and robustness to rf‐field inhomogeneity and offset.
Student and instructor perceptions of engagement after the rapid online transition of teaching due to COVID‐19
Authors: Walker Kristen A. , Koralesky Katherine E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEngagement involves students’ investment in learning activities, as well as interrelated affective (emotive responses), behavioral (active responses), and cognitive (mental effort) components. This study assessed undergraduate student and instructor perceptions of the interrelated components of engagement during and after the rapid online transition of teaching in March 2020 due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Fifteen courses—including laboratory, discussion‐based, large lecture, tutorial, and problem‐based learning—within a multi‐disciplinary faculty at a large research‐intensive Canadian university were surveyed to: (a) assess student and instructor perceptions of students’ levels of engagement during and after the rapid transition to online teaching due to the COVID‐19 pandemic; (b) describe which aspects of engagement were enhanced or diminished due to the rapid online transition; and (c) identify which learning activities students would find most engaging in an online setting so as to assist in developing student‐centered online pedagogical techniques. Student engagement was lower after the rapid online transition. Students who engaged by connecting with peers and instructors through in‐class discussion (affective engagement) had diminished engagement, whereas students who engaged by listening to lectures, reading course materials, and reviewing slides (cognitive engagement) had enhanced engagement. Overall, students found synchronous activities more engaging. Students experienced positive and negative outcomes related to classroom engagement when transitioning rapidly to online learning during a global pandemic.
COVID‐19 field instruction: Bringing the forests of British Columbia to students 8,000 km away
Authors: Culbert Patrick D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractField instruction is a crucial component of natural sciences education. The COVID‐19 pandemic has shifted many university courses to an online format, significantly impacting field instruction. FRST 350, Foundational Field School, is an 8‐day University of British Columbia Forestry field course taught to incoming transfer students from partner universities in China. In August 2020, I taught this course online to students studying remotely. In re‐developing the course, I spent 9 days in the field filming high definition (HD) video, 360° video, and 360° photography to best recreate the course in a short time‐frame. A 360° video records omnidirectionally, allowing viewers to “look around” in all directions, resulting in a highly immersive experience. Students expressed favorable opinions of the course, especially traditional HD and 360° video. Students generally preferred HD videos over 360°, though this was due mostly to the high bandwidth needed for 360° video and the fact that core course content was primarily conveyed as HD videos (in recognition of bandwidth challenges), with supplementary 360° videos. Students favorably noted the interactivity and immersive feel of 360° videos and photographs. This technology is financially and logistically feasible for use in a natural sciences course. Instructors engaged in online field instruction should weigh the strengths and weaknesses of various technologies, including 360° video, when determining how to best meet their learning objectives.
Decatic B‐spline collocation scheme for approximate solution of Burgers' equation
Authors: Jena Saumya R. , Gebremedhin Guesh S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA decatic B‐spline collocation technique is employed to compute the numerical result of a nonlinear Burgers' equation. The nonlinear term of Burgers' equation is locally linearized using Taylor series technique. The present method is effective for the approximate solution of Burgers' with a very small value of kinematic viscosity “a.” Some illustrated numerical experiments are taken into consideration to focus on the importance of the current work and some comparative studies are reported with others as well as with the exact solutions. The linear stability of the method is analyzed with Von Neumann technique. Application of higher‐order derivatives rather than lower‐order derivatives of the decatic B‐splines on the boundary conditions is the keynote to obtain a better approximate solution of the present method.
Blood is thicker than baptismal water: A late medieval perinatal burial in a small household chest
Authors: Cootes Kevin , Thomas Matthew , Jordan David , Axworthy Janet , Carlin Rea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interment of stillborn infants in later medieval burial grounds stands at odds with Catholic Church Law, which forbade the inclusion of unbaptised children within consecrated ground. When perinatal remains occur within graveyards, their interpretation can be problematic. Did they live to be baptised, or do such examples represent clandestine burials? Historical documents indicate that some parents disobeyed the Church and secretly buried their offspring within consecrated ground. Proving such actions in the archaeological record, however, is another matter. This paper therefore investigates the discovery of a perinatal burial (Sk953) within a rural graveyard at Poulton in Cheshire, England, placed in a small household box. A multifaceted approach was used to interpret the varying strands of evidence. These comprised church law, the birth, container, orientation of the corpse, local topography, date of burial, and status of the graveyard when the infant was interred. The authors interpret the evidence as characteristic of a clandestine burial, and a rare expression of grief and love visible in the archaeological record.
Induced hepatic stellate cell integrin, α8β1, enhances cellular contractility and TGFβ activity in liver fibrosis
Authors: Nishimichi Norihisa , Tsujino Kazuyuki , Kanno Keishi , Sentani Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Chayama Kazuaki , Sheppard Dean , Yokosaki Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNo effective therapy exists for fatal fibrosis. New therapeutic targets are needed for hepatic fibrosis because the incidence keeps increasing. The activation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts that causes excessive matrix deposition is central to fibrosis. Here, we investigated whether (and which) integrin receptors for matrix proteins activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). First, integrin α‐subunits were investigated systematically for their expression over the course of HSC activation and their distribution on fibroblasts and other systemic primary cells. The most upregulated in plate culture‐activated HSCs and specifically expressed across fibroblast linages was the α8 subunit. An anti‐α8 neutralizing mAb was evaluated in three different murine fibrosis models: for cytotoxic (CCl4 treatment), non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis‐associated and cholestatic fibrosis. In all models, pathology and fibrosis markers (hydroxyproline and α‐smooth muscle actin) were improved following the mAb injection. We also CCl4‐treated mice with inducible Itga8−/−; these mice were protected from increased hydroxyproline levels. Furthermore, ITGA8 was upregulated in specimens from 90 patients with liver fibrosis, indicating the relevance of our findings to liver fibrosis in people. Mechanistically, inhibition or ligand engagement of HSC α8 suppressed and enhanced myofibroblast differentiation, respectively, and HSC/fibroblast α8 activated latent TGFβ. Finally, integrin α8β1 potentially fulfils the growing need for anti‐fibrotic drugs and is an integrin not to be ignored. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Discrepancies between F‐18‐FDG PET/CT findings and conventional imaging in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Ferrell Justin , Sharp Susan , Kumar Ashish , Jordan Michael , Picarsic Jennifer , Nelson Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate risk stratification of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is essential as management can range from conservative in single system, low risk for central nervous system (CNS) involvement lesions to intensive chemotherapy for multisystem or high‐risk disease. Additionally, being able to differentiate metabolically active from inactive lesions is essential for both prognostic reasons and to avoid potentially unnecessary treatment.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on all patients with histopathology‐confirmed LCH at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) between 2009 and 2019.ResultsOne hundred seven positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized tomography (CT) images were included in the review. A discrepancy between PET/CT and conventional imaging occurred on 53 occasions. On 13 occasions, increased uptake was observed on PET in an area with no identifiable lesion on conventional imaging. On 40 occasions, lesions were found on conventional imaging where no increased uptake was observed on PET. On eight skeletal surveys, three other radiographs, four diagnostic CTs, five localization CTs, and one bone scan, no lesion was identified in an area with increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. This occurred exclusively in bone. On nine skeletal surveys, one other radiograph, four diagnostic CTs, six localization CTs, 19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and one bone scan, a lesion was identified in a location without increased FDG uptake. This occurred in bone, CNS, and lungs.ConclusionF‐18‐FDG PET/CT is vital in the evaluation of LCH lesions given its ability to detect LCH lesions not detectable on conventional imaging modalities, as well as its ability to distinguish metabolically active from inactive disease. MRI and diagnostic CT are still useful adjunctive tests for identification of CNS and lung lesions.
The positive outcome of educating HIV‐infected children about beauty in an African village
Authors: Papi Massimo , Fiscarelli Ersilia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the interesting experience of the African Village of Hope (Dodoma, Tanzania) where HIV‐positive orphan children have been hosted, cured, and educated in the last 15 years. The particular attention to beauty in the education of the children amazed us when we were in the village working as doctors. The project and the effort to create such a model of social and medical assistance were born from the idea of the founders, Sister Maria Rosaria Gargiulo and Don Vincenzo Boselli. In light of this experience and of the healthy result obtained in the village, we believe that education in the perception of beauty is a formative aspect for all children, but may also be a powerful adjuvant therapy in severely immunocompromised young patients.
Omphalocele—What should we tell the prospective parents?
Authors: Adams April D. , Stover Samantha , Rac Martha W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn omphalocele is a congenital defect in the abdominal wall characterized by absent abdominal muscles, fascia, and skin. The characteristic ultrasound appearance includes a midline defect with herniation of abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord. Other anatomic abnormalities are seen in approximately 50% of cases, most notably cardiac defects (19%–32%). Approximately, 50% of cases are associated with genetic and multiple malformation syndromes including trisomy 13/18, pentalogy of Cantrell and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Therefore, a thorough evaluation is recommended, including detailed anatomic survey, fetal echocardiogram, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnostic testing. Overall prognosis depends on the size of the omphalocele, genetic studies, and associated anomalies. Early prenatal diagnosis remains important in order to provide parental counseling and assist in pregnancy management. Delivery should occur at a tertiary care center. Timing and mode of delivery should be based on standard obstetric indications with cesarean delivery reserved for large omphalocele (>5 cm) or those that involve the fetal liver. Neonatal management involves either primary or staged reduction, both of which can be associated with a prolonged neonatal hospitalization.