bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring user experience of learning management system
Authors: Maslov Ilia , Nikou Shahrokh , Hansen Preben 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the perspectives of university students on the learning management system (LMS) and determine factors that influence user experience and the outcomes of e-learning.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a mixed-method approach. For qualitative data, 20 semi-structure interviews were conducted. Moreover, for quantitative data, a short survey was developed and distributed among the potential respondents.FindingsThe results showed that students, particularly in programs where courses are mainly offered online, are dependent on such learning platforms. Moreover, the use of modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment (Moodle) as an application of LMS was rated positively, and e-learning was considered as an effective sustainable learning solution in current conditions.Originality/valueThe authors have illustrated empirically how the notion of UX of the LMS provides a means of exploring both students' participation in e-learning and their intention towards using such learning platforms.
Non-compliance behavior of de-risking force the EU to enhance anti-money laundering regulation
Authors: Rose Kalle Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Recent research shows that because of money-laundering risks, there has been an increase in the off-boarding of certain types of corporate clients in the financial sector. This phenomenon known as “de-risking” has been argued to have a negative impact on society, because it increases the possible risk of money laundering. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the de-risking strategy of financial institutions results in an expansion of the regulatory framework concerning anti-money laundering focusing on off-boarding of clients and, if so, is there a way to avoid further regulation by changing present behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies functional methods to law and economics to achieve higher efficiency in combating money laundering.

Findings
In this paper, it is found that the continuing of de-risking by financial institutions because of the avoidance strategy of money-laundering risks will inevitably result in further regulatory demands regarding the off-boarding process of clients. The legal basis for the introduction of further regulatory intervention is that some of the de-risking constitutes a direct contradiction to the aim of the present regulatory framework, making the behavior non-compliant to the regulation.

Originality/value
There has been very little research concerning de-risking related to money laundering. The present research has focused on the effect on society and not the relationship between the financial institutions and the regulator. This paper raises an important and present problem, as the behavior of the financial institutions constitute a response from the regulator that is contradicting the thoughts behind the behavior of the financial institutions. It is found that the paper is highly relevant if an expansion of regulation is to be hindered.
The commons institution of Antarctica: a roadmap to governance of mankind resources
Authors: Arvanitidis Paschalis , Almyriotou Aikaterini 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to draw on Ostrom’s commons theory to analyse the governance regime of Antarctic as a commons institution. Antarctic is a peculiar territorial space on Earth, which due to its unique characteristics constitutes a global common resource that very much resembles outer space resources. On these grounds, the paper highlights successful, and less successful, arrangements developed in the Antarctic commons to be considered as a blueprint or roadmap towards the governance of outer space resources as a commons.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses first, the social-ecological system (SES) framework to outline the characteristics of Antarctic as a commons institution, and second, Ostrom’s design principles to assess the commons institution of Antarctic. The Antarctic commons institution is used next, as an analogy to reflect on the challenges outer space global resource face and the way it could be managed.

Findings
The paper concludes that Antarctic enjoys a functional, credible and successful commons institution that should reinforce the twofold governance structure it exhibits. Similar cases of global common resources, such as these of outer space, that seek to establish a similar commons institution should take into account issues related the benefits spectrum and the credible commitment of actors to engage in different levels of the governance regime. What matters is not necessarily the form of the regime but rather how the commons as an institution functions, whether it fulfils the needs and interests of the driving actors and, on these grounds, how credible these arrangements are in the eyes of the committed members.

Research limitations/implications
Both Antarctica and outer space are rather unique cases and domains of multiple resources.

Practical implications
The paper provides an analogy to consider sustainable appropriation of global resources (“global commons”) for peace and prosperity to all.

Originality/value
The paper is original, in the sense that according to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published work has identified Antarctic as a commons institution or has used the aforementioned methodologies to analyse Antarctica as a commons and to employ their findings in providing directions for the design of appropriate governance frameworks for other resources that exhibit the characteristics of global commons, such as these of the outer space.
The future of food tourism in a post-COVID-19 world: insights from New Zealand
Authors: Fountain Joanna 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper considers two sectors critical to New Zealand's economy and identity – food and tourism – and addresses the question: what role will – or could – food and drink play in a more resilient tourism future for the country?Design/methodology/approachThis is largely a conceptual paper, informed by the academic literature, media commentary and recent market research.FindingsThe paper concludes that there are trends apparent in the food and tourism sectors prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that have intensified during lockdown and which are likely to influence the resetting of tourism on a more resilient and regenerative pathway. Three potential trends in food and drink tourism are identified, labelled “Getting back to basics”, “Valuing local and locals” and “Food for well-being”.Originality/valueBy synthesising recent research and academic, industry and media commentaries, this paper provides a timely assessment of a potential future role of food and drink tourism in a reimagined tourism sector for New Zealand, with this assessment offering a starting point for further discussions about a more regenerative, equitable and inclusive tourism future.
How “Dynamic CEOs” outperformed by adopting a transformation mindset
Authors: Cooney Haynes , Korsten Peter , Marshall Anthony 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The recent IBM Institute for Business Value CEO survey of 3,000 chief executives globally offers insight into CEO attitudes and behaviors in order to discern the strategies and actions most highly correlated to successful digital transformation and performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The IBM Institute for Business Value, in collaboration with the Oxford Economics, surveyed 3,000 CEOs and senior public sector executives between September and November 2020. The analysis identified a group of CEOs whose outlook on transformation and success with digital implementation sets them apart from others.

Findings
These Dynamic CEOs, who represent 38 percent of all commercial leaders in the IBM IBV research, shared two crucial insights: that traditional business models no longer differentiate their organizations; their organization?s digital transformation journey will never be complete.

Practical/implications
These Dynamic CEOs are almost 70 percent more likely to lead high performing organizations than other top leaders.

Originality/value
Almost 90 percent of Dynamic CEOs expect their business and IT investments to deliver a material improvement in business performance over the next three years, with the greatest emphasis on investments in customer experience improvement, decision-making processes and business agility.
Duck Tembusu virus induces stronger cellular responses than Japanese encephalitis virus in primary duck neurons and fibroblasts
Authors: Kulprasertsri Sittinee , Kobayashi Shintaro , Aoshima Keisuke , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kimura Takashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are mosquito‐borne flaviviruses. These two viruses infect ducks; however, they show different neurological outcomes. The mechanism of DTMUV‐ and JEV‐induced neuronal death has not been well investigated. In the present study examined the differences in the mechanisms involved in virus‐induced cell death and innate immune responses between the DTMUV KPS54A61 strain and the JEV JaGAr‐01 strain using primary duck neurons (DN) and duck fibroblasts (CCL‐141). DN and CCL‐141 were permissive for the infection and replication of these two viruses, which up‐regulated the expression of innate immunity genes. Both DTMUV and JEV induced cell death via a caspase‐3‐dependent manner; however, DTMUV triggered more cell death than did JEV in both CCL‐141 and DN. These findings suggest that DTMUV infection causes apoptosis in duck neurons and fibroblasts more strongly than JEV. The levels of the mRNA expression of innate immunity‐related genes after DTMUV infection were generally higher than the levels after JEV infection, suggesting that DTMUV‐induced immune response in duck cells may exhibit toxic effects rather than protective effects.
High salinity gradients and intermediate spatial scales shaped similar biogeographical and co‐occurrence patterns of microeukaryotes in a tropical freshwater‐saltwater ecosystem
Authors: Zhu Changyu , Liu Weiwei , Li Xinghao , Xu Yusen , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Ma Honggang , Stoeck Thorsten , Yi Zhenzhen 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMicroeukaryotes play key ecological roles in the microbial web of aquatic ecosystems. However, large knowledge gaps urgently need to be filled regarding the biogeography with associated shaping mechanisms and co‐occurrence patterns of microeukaryotes under freshwater‐saltwater gradients, especially true in tropical regions. Here, we investigated microeukaryotes of six mixed freshwater‐saltwater regions in the Pearl River Estuary and surrounding coasts in southern China, with salinity ranging 0.1–32.0% and distances spanned up to 500 km, using molecular ecological methods. Results indicate that the biogeography of abundant and rare microeukaryotic communities was similar, both their co‐occurrence patterns and biogeographical patterns were driven by deterministic and stochastic processes. The environmental factors with higher selective pressure than dispersal limitation meant that the role of deterministic process in structuring communities was more significant than that of stochastic process, and salinity played important role in structuring both microeukaryotic communities and networks. The abundant communities had stronger influence on entire microeukaryotic communities and seemed to be more sensitive to environmental changes than their rare counterparts, while rare ones had stronger interspecific relationships. Finally, the geographic scale and environmental gradients of study regions should firstly be clarified in future research on the ecological processes of microeukaryotes before conclusions are drawn.
A systematic review on outcome reporting in randomised controlled trials assessing treatment interventions in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Kgosidialwa O , Bogdanet D , Egan A , Newman C , O'Shea PM , Biesty L , McDonagh C , O'Shea C , Devane D , Dunne F ,   the INSPIRED research group
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies assessing interventions to improve maternal and infant outcomes have increased exponentially over recent years. Several outcomes in this field of maternal diabetes are rare, making it difficult to synthesise evidence.ObjectivesTo collect outcomes reported in studies assessing treatment interventions in pregnant women with PGDM.Search strategyCENTRAL, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until 27 January 2020.Selection criteriaAny randomised controlled trial assessing treatment interventions in pregnant women with PGDM reported in English.Data collection and analysisTwo independent reviewers assessed the suitability of articles and retrieved the data. Outcomes extracted from the literature were broadly categorised into maternal, fetal/infant or other outcomes by the study advisory group.Main resultsSixty‐seven of the 1475 studies identified fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median number of outcomes reported per study was 15 (range 1–46). The majority of studies were from North America and Europe. Insulin and metformin were the most commonly investigated pharmacological interventions. Glucose monitoring was the most assessed technological intervention. In all, 131 unique outcomes were extracted: maternal (n = 69), fetal/infant (n = 61) and other (n = 1).ConclusionsOutcome reporting in treatment interventions trials of pregnant women with PGDM is varied, making it difficult to synthesise evidence, especially for rare outcomes. Systems are needed to standardise outcome reporting in future clinical trials and so facilitate evidence synthesis in this area of maternal diabetes.RegistrationThe systematic review was registered prospectively with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (Registration number CRD42020173549).Tweetable abstractOutcome reporting is heterogeneous in intervention trials of pregnant women with diabetes existing before pregnancy.
Risk factors for perioperative blood transfusions after urogenital fistula repair in Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Potluri TK , Holt LM , Tanner JP , Wasingya L , Duffy S , Greene KA 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative blood transfusions after urogenital fistula repairs in Uganda.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA community hospital in Masaka, Uganda.PopulationWomen who underwent fistula repair at the Kitovu Hospital between 2013 and 2019.MethodsRetrospective review of demographics and clinical perioperative characteristics of patients surgically treated for urogenital fistula. Patient characteristics were compared between those who did and those who did not require a blood transfusion.Main outcome measuresNeed for perioperative blood transfusion and risk factors.ResultsA total of 546 patients treated for urogenital fistulas were included in this study. The median age was 31.1 ± 13.2 years. A vaginal surgical approach was used in the majority of patients (84.6%). Complications occurred in 3.5% of surgical repairs, and the incidence of blood transfusions was 6.2%. In multivariable analyses, for each gram per deciliter (g/dl) increase in preoperative haemoglobin, the odds of blood transfusion decreased by approximately 28% (adjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.86). Women who had their fistula repaired abdominally were 3.4 times more likely to require transfusions (95% CI 1.40–8.08).ConclusionsThe incidence of blood transfusions among urogenital fistula repairs in our population is twice that of developed nations. An abdominal surgical approach to urogenital fistula is a significant risk factor for perioperative blood transfusions. The timing of the repair may warrant further study.Tweetable abstractOne of the first studies to look at blood transfusion risk factors after fistula repair in a low‐resource setting.
Integrated analysis of probability of type 2 diabetes mellitus with polymorphisms and methylation of KCNQ1 gene: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Hu Fulan , Zhang Yanyan , Qin Pei , Zhao Yang , Liu Dechen , Zhou Qionggui , Tian Gang , Li Quanman , Guo Chunmei , Wu Xiaoyan , Qie Ranran , Huang Shengbing , Han Minghui , Li Yang , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the associations between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and methylation of KCNQ1 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and the interactions among SNPs, methylation, and environmental factors on T2DM risk.MethodsWe genotyped five SNPs and tested methylation at 39 CpG loci of KCNQ1 in 290 T2DM cases and 290 matched controls nested in the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations between SNPs and KCNQ1 methylation and T2DM risk. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was used to estimate the effect of the interactions SNPs‐SNPs, SNPs‐methylation, methylation‐methylation and SNPs, and methylation‐environment on T2DM risk.ResultsProbability of T2DM was decreased with rs2283228 of KCNQ1 (CA vs AA, odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42‐0.99). T2DM probability was significantly increased with rs2237895 combined with hypertriglyceridemia (OReg = 2.76, 95% CI 1.35‐5.62), with hypertension (OReg = 2.23, 95% CI 1.25‐3.98), and with body mass index (BMI; OReg = 1.93, 95% CI 1.12‐3.34). T2DM probability was associated with methylation of CG11 and CG41 (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.23‐2.89, P = .003). It was significantly associated with the interaction between BMI, hypertriglyceridemia, and CG5 methylation (P = .028 and .028), and the combined effects of CG11 with hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. On MDR analysis, no significant interaction was observed.ConclusionT2DM probability was reduced 35% with rs2283228 polymorphism. It was associated with rs2237895 combined with hypertension, with BMI and with hypertriglyceridemia. The methylation at two CpG loci of KCNQ1 significantly increased T2DM risk by 89%.
Tropical forests structure and diversity: A comparison of methodological choices
Authors: de Souza Cléber Rodrigo , Coelho de Souza Fernanda , Maia Vinícius A. , de Aguiar‐Campos Natália , Coelho Polyanne A. , Farrapo Camila L. , Santos Alisson B. M. , Araújo Felipe C. , Gianasi Fernanda M. , Paula Gabriela G. P. , Morel Jean D. , Fagundes Nathalle C. A. , Garcia Paulo O. , Santos Paola F. , Silva Wilder B. , Fontes Marco A. L. , Santos Rubens M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Large‐scale data compilation is increasing steadily in tropical forest research, but the lack of standardized methods for data collection limits drawing inference from large datasets and cross‐biome analyses. Different inclusion methods and minimum tree diameter threshold are among these varying factors. To tackle this issue, we evaluated how different approaches for tree sampling affects our understanding of diversity and functioning in different tropical vegetation types.

We used a unique dataset of 44 inventory plots (43.54 ha) encompassing an aridity gradient: evergreen moist forests, semideciduous and deciduous tropical forests. Data were collected using the by‐tree inclusion method, in which, all stems are measured if the equivalent diameter of the tree reaches the minimum threshold. We simulated the impact of adopting different inclusion methods (by‐stem and by‐tree) and different minimum diameter thresholds on the estimation of number of trees and stems, biomass and species richness. We used linear and nonlinear mixed models to investigate the effect of minimum diameter threshold and inclusion method on our different response variables. We also evaluated species chance to be sampled under different minimum inclusion criteria.

Inclusion method and minimum diameter threshold mainly affect the estimation of number of trees and stems and species richness, especially in deciduous and semideciduous forests, where resprouting is a prevalent strategy. In these forests, many trees that have several stems do not reach the minimum size individually when adopting the by‐stem method, yet they do reach the minimum size threshold when all stems are considered together. For these environments under water stress, our analysis showed that using large minimum sizes, such as the 10 cm typically used in rainforests, implies large sampling losses, especially when used jointly with the by‐stem inclusion method.

The by‐tree inclusion method represents an alternative approach that offers a more reliable sampling in different vegetation types, particularly in those habitats where resprouting is a widely encountered strategy along all age classes. We demonstrate the infeasibility of adopting broad and standard minimum thresholds for different tropical vegetation types, particularly considering their widely different ecological strategies.
Epidural space “ballooning” during local anaesthetic injection in infants and children: An ultrasound observational study
Authors: Yagihara Masahiro , Uemura Aki , Nakajima Yoshiki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfants and children require a larger dose of a local anaesthetic (LA) to establish epidural analgesia than adults, but the reason for this remains unclear. We hypothesised that prominent ventro‐dorsal expansion of the epidural space limits cranio‐caudal spread of LA in infants. Accordingly, we studied the dimensions of the epidural space with real‐time ultrasound (US) before and after epidural injection.MethodsNinety‐six infants and children aged 0–12 years who underwent abdominal surgery under combined epidural and general anaesthesia were examined in this prospective observational study. Using a micro‐convex probe, US recordings of the posterior epidural space were performed while a LA (0.5 ml kg−1) was infused at 0.54 ml s−1. The width in the ventro‐dorsal dimension (VDD) of the posterior epidural space before and after injection was recorded; the change in VDD was defined as “ballooning”. Correlations between “ballooning” and patient age, body mass index, and volume and rate of LA administration were analysed.Results“Ballooning” correlated positively but weakly with age (R2 = 0.25; p < .001) and the infused LA volume (R2 = 0.32; p < .001). The “magnitude of ballooning” (“ballooning” per ml of injected LA) correlated negatively but weakly with age (R2 = 0.27; p < .001).Conclusions“Magnitude of ballooning” of the epidural space become inconspicuous with growing during epidural injection. This effect may slow the cranio‐caudal spread of LA and explain partially why larger volumes of LA are required to effect a block in children.
Developing a prototype dental trauma e‐learning course for medical education
Authors: Yeng Thai , O’Sullivan Anthony J. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article aims to demonstrate how an expert feedback process was used to identify emerging issues within a prototype extracurricular course on dental trauma and show how the feedback was addressed prior to piloting the course more widely. Dowse’s Design Research Model was adapted for the design and development of a prototype dental trauma e‐learning course. This paper will focus on step five, gathering expert feedback and the evaluation process. Four critical features emerged from the feedback that ought to be incorporated into the e‐learning course design, namely, 1) keep resources clinically relevant; 2) keep resources simple to learn; 3) make resources easy to understand; and 4) support self‐learning. The results demonstrate the value of an expert feedback process for improving a prototype designed to address a major gap in knowledge among medical doctors identified in the literature.