bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, production and optimization of endogenous alkaline protease from in-situ sludge and its evaluation as sludge hydrolysis enhancer
Authors: Hou Jie , Liu Wenbin , Hu Wanrong , Chen Jing , Wang Jinqiong , Li Panyu , Li Yonghong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bioconversion (e.g. anaerobic fermentation and compost) is the common recycling method of waste activated sludge (WAS) and its hydrolysis, as the rate-limiting step of fermentation, could be accelerated by protease. However, the commercial protease was unstable in a sludge environment, which increased the cost. An endogenous alkaline protease stable in sludge environment was screened in this study and its suitability for treating the sludge was analyzed. The optimal production medium was determined by Response Surface Methodology as starch 20 g/L, KH2PO4 4 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/L, sodium carboxy-methyl-cellulose 4 g/L, casein 4 g/L and initial pH 11.3, which elevated the yield of protease by up to 15 times (713.46 U/mL) compared with the basal medium. The obtained protease was active and stable at 35 °C–50 °C and pH 7.0–11.0. Furthermore, it was highly tolerant to sludge environment and maintained high efficiency of sludge hydrolysis for a long time. Thus, the obtained protease significantly hydrolyzed WAS and improved its bioavailability. Overall, this work provided a new insight for enzymatic treatment of WAS by isolating the endogenous and stable protease in a sludge environment, which would promote the resource utilization of WAS by further bioconversion.
Evaluation of the Binding Affinity of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Analogue (GnRH-a) Buserelin through In silico and In vivo Testing in
Clarias magur
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Goswami Mukunda , Nayak Sunil Kumar , Gireesh-Babu P. , Chaudhari Aparna 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
To evaluate the binding affinity and biological potency of gonadotropin-releasing
hormone analogue (GnRHa) Buserelin (C60H86N16O13) based on in silico and in vivo testing for induced
breeding in Clarias magur.

Background:
Many attempts have been made to induce C. magur, but encouraging results have
not yet been achieved. Hence, it is the need of the hour to find out more potent analogues or other
bio-molecules for induced breeding in C. magur to facilitate sustainable aquaculture.

Objective:
To determine the binding affinity of C. magur GnRH receptor through in silico and to
validate it for induced breeding of C. magur.

Methods:
Buserelin (C60H86N16O13) was selected as the potential GnRHa after screening several peptides
for their binding energy with the C. magur GnRH receptor. The induced breeding trial was set
up at ICAR-CIFE Powarkheda Centre, M.P. India, and Buserelin was administered in different doses
to the brooders along with the dopamine inhibitor domperidone. The standard treatment with the
commercial salmon GnRH (sGnRH) analogue Ovaprim® (Syndel, USA) was used as the control.

Results:
The 3-D structure of C. magur GnRH receptor was generated using MODELLER software.
Molecular docking studies revealed the binding preference of the receptor as chicken (c) Gn-
RH-II > Buserelin > sGnRH > catfish (cf) GnRH > human (m) GnRH. Though Buserelin showed
better binding affinity compared to sGnRH, induced breeding experiments with magur showed similar
performance of the ligands at the equivalent dose of 20 μg/kg B.W., but the spontaneous release
of milt from the males was not observed in both cases. Significantly better reproductive parameters
were recorded with Buserelin at the dose of 30 μg/kg B.W.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that that the GnRHa Buserelin can be used as an effective inducing
agent for breeding in C. magur.
PRIBUMISASI ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL DAN PEMBARUAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS TERPADU DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat , Puntaswari Nugraheni Catur , Sulistyosari Yunike , Astuti Dwi Sri 
Published: April 2021

Ilmu sosial di negara berkembang (salah satunya Indonesia) masih mengguna-kan paradigma ilmu sosial di Barat (Eropa) sehingga dalam beberapa kasus menjadi tidak relevan ketika digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah sosial. Penelitian menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yaitu sebuah pencarian kebenaran secara otoritatif melalui pendapat dan kajian ahli yang dituliskan dalam buku dan referensi. Hasil kajian menemukan bahwa perkembangan ilmu sosial di Indonesia memang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari dunia Barat. Pribumisasi merupakan wacana untuk menumbuhkan pemikiran baru dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial di Indonesia agar lebih kontekstual. Beberapa tokoh menawarkan teori sosial alternatif yang mengkedepankan pribumisasi ilmu sosial yaitu: Kuntowoyo, Sartono Kartodirjo, Mubyarto, Purwa Santoso, dan Zamroni. Upaya pribumisasi harus ditindaklanjuti dengan mengajarkan ilmu sosial alternatif dalam berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Pembaruan IPS Terpadu dengan pembelajaran alternatif menjadi upaya yang efektif untuk membumikan ilmu sosial yang khas Indonesia.INDIGENIZATION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND RENEWING OF INTEGRATED SOCIAL SCIENCES LEARNING Social science in developing countries (one of which is Indonesia) still uses the social science paradigm in the West (Europe) so that in some cases it becomes irrelevant when it is used to solve social problems. The research used the literature review method, which is an authoritative search for truth through expert opinions and studies written in books and references. The results of the study found that the development of social science in Indonesia cannot be separated from the Western world. Privatization is a discourse to foster new thinking in the social sciences in Indonesia to make it more contextual. Several figures offered alternative social theories that prioritized the indigenization of social science, namely: Kuntowoyo, Sartono Kartodirjo, Mubyarto, Purwa Santoso, and Zamroni. Indigenousization efforts must be followed up by teaching alternative social sciences at various levels of education. Integrated IPS reform with alternative learning is an effective effort to ground social science that is unique to Indonesia.
ADAPTASI DAN TOLERANSI PENGUNGSI MAMUYA DI TOBELO HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Katudju Berni , Lamarisi Maryam , Umaternate Rasyid , Kerebungu Ferdinand 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab pengungsi Mamuya lebih memilih tetap tinggal di Desa Wari dibandingkan dengan kembali ke desa asalnya di Mamuya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif model Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata pengungsi Mamuya yang mengungsi di Desa Wari, sebagian besar beragama Kristen, ada juga sekitar 5 keluarga Protestan dengan jumlah keseluruhan tiga ratus penduduk. Persamaan agama dengan penduduk desa Wari menjadi salah satu pertimbangan khusus bagi para pengungsi untuk tetap tinggal; 2) pengungsi Mamuya merasa senang, dan menikmati hidup di Desa Wari, karena kedua desa masih memiliki ikatan keluarga.ADAPTATION AND TOLERANCE OF MAMUYA REFUGEES IN TOBELO NORTH HALMAHERA This study aims to determine the factors that cause Mamuya refugees to prefer to stay in Wari Village compared to returning to their home village in Mamuya. The research method used is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques carried out by observation and interviews. The data analysis technique was performed using the interactive data analysis technique of the Miles & Huberman model. The results showed that: 1) on average, Mamuya refugees who took refuge in Wari Village, most of them are Christians, there are also about 5 Protestant families with a total of three hundred inhabitants. The similarity of religion with the villagers of Wari is one of the special considerations for the refugees to stay; 2) Mamuya refugees feel happy and enjoy life in Wari Village because the two villages still have family ties.
Hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan disiplin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Kota Mungkid, Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Arifa Ina , Sudrajat Sudrajat 
Published: April 2021

Tingkat pendidikan orang tua yang baik mampu membimbing dan mengarahkan puteranya dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui (1) hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan prestasi belajar IPS peserta didik SMP di Kota Mungkid, Magelang; (2) hubungan antara kedisiplinan belajar dengan prestasi belajar IPS; (3) hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kedisiplinan belajar terhadap prestasi belajar IPS. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Sampel penelitian siswa kelas VII dan VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Mungkid sebanyak 182 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan prestasi belajar IPS (rhitung: 0,458 > rtabel: 0,148); (2) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara disiplin belajar siswa dengan prestasi belajar IPS (rhitung: 0,383 > rtabel: 0,148); (3) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan secara bersama-sama tingakat pendidikan ibu dan disiplin belajar siswa terhadap prestasi belajar IPS (Fhitung: 24,796 > Ftabel: 3,05).The relationship between the level of maternal education and learning discipline on the social studies learning achievement of junior high school students in Mungkid City, Magelang RegencyA good level of parental education proficient able to guide and control their sons in participating in learning activities at school. This research aims to determine (1) the relationship between the level of maternal education and the social studies learning achievement of junior high school students in Mungkid City, Magelang; (2) the relationship between learning discipline and social studies learning achievement; (3) the relationship between mother's education level and learning discipline on social studies learning achievement. This research uses correlational quantitative research methods. The sample of the research was 182 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Mungkid City. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: (1) there is a positive and significant relationship between maternal education level and social studies learning achievement (rcount: 0.458> rtable: 0.148); (2) there is a positive and significant relationship between student learning discipline and social studies learning achievement (rcount: 0.383> rtable: 0.148); (3) there is a positive and significant relationship together with the level of maternal education and student learning discipline on social studies learning achievement (Fcount: 24.796> Ftable: 3.05).
Pembentukan karakter melalui outdoor learning dalam pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Milhani Yuhanida 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana pembentukan karakter melalui outdoor learning dalam pembelajaran IPS SMP. Metode yang dingunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Tumbuh Yogyakarta. Data diperoleh dari hasil indept interview dengan key informan: kepala sekolah, para wakil kepala sekolah, wali kelas, guru, dan siswa. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah: data reduction, data display, dan conclusion/verification). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: 1) Pembentukan karakter dapat dibagi menjadi dua strategi , yaitu internal dan eksternal sekolah; 2) strategi internal sekolah dapat ditempuh melalui empat pilar, yakni kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas dengan metode pembelajaran yang telah disiapkan, kegiatan keseharian dalam bentuk school culture, kegiatan habituation, kegiatan kokurikuler, dan ekstra kurikuler; dan 3) strategi eksternal dapat ditempuh melalui kerja sama dengan orang tua dan masyarakat.Character building through outdoor learning in social studies learningThe purpose of this study was to determine how character formation through outdoor learning in junior high school social studies learning. The method used is qualitative research. The research was conducted at SMP Tumbuh Yogyakarta. Data obtained from the results of indept interviews with key informants: school principals, vice principals, homeroom teachers, teachers, and students. Data were analyzed using the following steps: data reduction, display data, and conclusion/verification). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that: (1) Character building can be divided into two strategies, namely internal and external schools; (2) the school's internal strategy can be pursued through four pillars, namely teaching and learning activities in class with prepared learning methods, daily activities in the form of school culture, habituation activities, co-curricular activities, and extra-curricular activities; and (3) external strategies can be pursued in collaboration with parents and the community.
Employee Engagement Dan Millenials Indonesia
Authors: Setiyani Aris 
Published: April 2021

In this era of global change, where the millennial generation has begun to enter the workforce, more and more workers around the world are feeling uneasy about staying in their current jobs. Even in a survey conducted by TNS Employee Insights, a survey agency in the United States, stated that only 14.3% of workers were fully engaged with the company, 29.7% were involved and the rest did not want to be involved in the organization. The survey also noted about 45% of respondents who stated they were not satisfied with their work. The level of employee dissatisfaction will negatively affect the behavior and feelings of employees in a company. This study aims to look at the 3 variables, namely compensation, flexible working hour and company branding, which is the most influential on employee engagement to stay and be involved in realizing the ideals of the organization. This research was conducted on millennial respondents who had worked for at least 1 year in various industries both manufacturing and service industries in the area of West Java, Central Java and East Java as well as Jabodetabek, Indonesia. The number of samples collected and calculated were 285 respondents. Data calculation is done using SEM-AMOS software. From the analysis of the data it was found that compensation, flexible working hour and company branding have an influence on employee motivation and employee engagement, and employee motivation has the effect of mediating the relationship between compensation, flexible working hour and company branding on employee engagement.
Euroviisuesityksen audiovisuaalinen rakentuminen
Authors: Heinonen Yrjö 
Published: April 2021

Eurovision laulukilpailu on muuttunut historiansa aikana kansallisten radio- ja tv-yhtiöiden välisestä sävellys- ja sanoituskilpailusta eri maiden ja niitä edustavien laulajien tai yhtyeiden väliseksi esiintymiskilpailuksi siten, että tapahtuman viihteellisyys ja kilpailullisuus on samalla lisääntynyt. Tarkastelen artikkelissani kolmen Suomea vuosina 1987–1993 kilpailussa edustaneen esityksen audiovisuaalista rakentumista erityisesti viihteellisyyden, kilpailullisuuden ja kansallisten piirteiden esiin tuomisen tai tuomatta jättämisen näkökulmasta.Analysoitavat esitykset ovat ”Sata salamaa” (Virve Rosti, 1987), ”La dolce vita” (Anneli Saaristo, 1989) ja ”Tule luo” (Katri Helena, 1993). Esitysten analyysissa kiinnitän huomiota musiikkiin (sävelmä, sovitus), sanoihin (laulun nimi ja sen sijoittelu, toisto ja äänteellinen kuviointi), näyttämöllepanoon (lavastus, valaistus, puvustus ja koreografia) sekä televisiointiin (monikamerakuvaus ja live-editointi). Analyysi nostaa esiin eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä sekä esitysten audiovisuaalisessa rakentumisessa että niiden viihteellisyydessä, kilpailullisuudessa ja kansallisten piirteiden esiin tuomisessa.Avainsanat: Eurovision laulukilpailu, audiovisuaalinen analyysi, viihteellisyys, kilpailullisuus, kansallisuus

Audiovisual Construction of a Eurovision Song Contest Performance: “Sata salamaa” (1987), “La dolce vita” (1989) and “Tule luo” (1993)During its history, the Eurovision Song Contest has changed from a songwriting competition between national radio and TV companies to a competition between singers or bands representing different countries, while the entertaining and competitive functions of the event have become more and more significant at the same time. In my article, I examine the audiovisual construction of three performances that represented Finland in the competition in 1987–1993, especially from the point of view of entertainingness, competitiveness, and the representation of national features.The performances to be analysed are “Sata salamaa” (Virve Rosti, 1987), “La Dolce Vita” (Anneli Saaristo, 1989) and “Tule luo” (Katri Helena, 1993). In the analysis, I pay attention to music (melody, arrangement), lyrics (song title and its placement, repetition, and phonetic patterning), staging (props, lighting, costume, and choreography), and telecasting (multi-camera shooting and live editing). The analysis highlights differences and similarities in the audiovisual structure of the performances as well as those regarding entertainment, competitiveness, and the representation of nationality.Keywords: Eurovision Song Contest, audiovisual analysis, entertainment, competitiveness, nationality
DA INTEGRAÇÃO À INCLUSÃO SOCIAL: O ESTATUTO DAS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA E A CONCRETIZAÇÃO DA INCLUSÃO PELOS DIREITOS ASSEGURADOS
Authors: Leme Renata Salgado , Fontes Samira da Costa 
Published: April 2021

O movimento de emancipação das pessoas com deficiência passou por diversas fases, começando pela exclusão, depois segregação, integração social e, por fim, inclusão social. A ideia central deste trabalho é, após percorrer as fases históricas, chegar ao atual modelo de inclusão social, demonstrando a evolução conquistada pelo Brasil com a edição da nova Lei de Inclusão das Pessoas com Deficiência, também chamada de Estatuto das Pessoas com Deficiência (Lei nº 13.146/2015). Destacou-se que diversos dos direitos previstos nesta Lei possibilitam a realização da inclusão de maneira concreta, a fim de que efetivamente se rompam todas as barreiras que impedem a interação das pessoas com deficiência à sociedade global.
Fenomena Phubbing: Suatu Degradasi Relasi Sosial Sebagai Dampak Media Sosial
Authors: Aditia Rafinita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract—This study aims to find out about the phubbing phenomenon as a degradation of social relations as a result of social media. The term phubbing is an abbreviation of the words phone and snubbing, which are used to show the attitude of hurting the other person by using an excessive smartphone. This type of research used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data needed in this study are qualitative data as primary data in the form of images, words and not numbers in a discourse regarding the phubbing phenomenon as a degradation of social relations as a result of social media. Based on the results of the research, it is found that phubbing behavior can threaten the disruption of ongoing communication relationships, causing social degradation. The social degradation that occurs is due to the impact of phubbing perpetrators' indifference to their environment because they are too busy using smartphones, especially in the use of social media. Therefore it is necessary to limit and control the use of social media properly so that the phubbing phenomenon can be resolved immediately and the degradation of social relations does not occur.
Keywords: phubbing, degradation, social relation, social media

Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang tentang fenomena phubbing sebagai suatu degradasi relasi sosial sebagai dampak dari media sosial. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data kualitatif sebagai data primer berupa gambar, kata-kata dan bukan angka-angka dalam sebuah wacana mengenai fenomena phubbing sebagai suatu degradasi relasi sosial sebagai dampak dari media sosial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa perilaku phubbing mampu mengancam terganggunya hubungan komunikasi yang sedang berlangsung, sehingga menyebabkan degradasi sosial. Degradasi sosial yang terjadi ialah karena dampak dari keacuhan pelaku phubbing terhadap lingkungannya karena terlalu sibuk menggunakan smartphone, terlebih dalam penggunaan media sosial. Oleh karena itu penggunaan media sosial perlu dibatasi dan dikontrol dengan baik agar fenomena phubbing dapat segera teratasi dan degradasi relasi sosial tidak terjadi.
Kata kunci : phubbing, degradasi, hubungan sosial, sosial media
Investigation of the use of microwave ablation with and without cooling urethral perfusion for thermal ablation of the prostate gland in canine cadavers
Authors: Traverson Marine , Lin Samantha , Kendall Allison , Vaden Shelly , Schafer Kenneth A. , Seiler Gabriela S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the use of microwave ablation (MWA) with cooling urethral perfusion and with no perfusion (MWA-UP and MWA-NP, respectively) for prostate gland ablation in canine cadavers.

ANIMALS
Cadavers of 18 sexually intact male dogs.

PROCEDURES
After technique refinement in 2 cadavers, laparotomy with ultrasound-guided MWA-UP (n = 8) or MWA-NP (8) of the prostate gland was performed in 16 cadavers. Normograde cystourethroscopy was performed before and after treatment; recorded images were reviewed in a blinded manner for scoring of urethral mucosal discoloration and loss of integrity. Difficulty with cystoscope insertion was recorded if present. Excised prostate glands were fixed for serial sectioning, gross measurements, and calculation of percentage ablation. Percentages of prostate tissue necrosis from MWA, denuded urethral mucosa, and depth of epithelial surface loss in an adjacent section of the colon were estimated histologically. Variables of interest were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
Difficulty with cystoscope insertion after treatment was significantly more common and scores for urethral mucosal discoloration and loss of integrity were significantly higher (indicating more severe lesions) for the MWA-NP group than for the MWA-UP group. The histologically assessed percentage of denuded urethral mucosa was also greater for the MWA-NP group. Overall median percentage prostate gland ablation was 73%; this result was not associated with prostate gland volume or chronological order of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
MWA-UP induced subtotal thermal necrosis of prostate glands in canine cadavers while limiting urethral mucosal injury. Further study is required to optimize the technique and evaluate its safety and efficacy in vivo as a future curative-intent treatment for prostatic tumors in dogs.