bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride toxicity in groundwater contamination in the semi-arid area of Medchal, South India
Authors: Duvva Laxman Kumar , Panga Kiran Kumar , Dhakate Ratnakar , Himabindu Vurimindi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrogeochemical controlling variables for the high rate of groundwater contamination in a shallow hard rock aquifer of the semi-arid region of Medchal District, Telangana State, South India, and its associated health risk to children and adults were studied in detail. A total of 56 groundwater samples were analysed for major ion chemistry in pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2019 year. Spatial distribution, hydrochemical facies, water–rock interaction, health risk assessment, carcinogenic risk, and principal component analyses were carried out to assess the water quality. Spatial distribution of nitrate and fluoride concentrations, high values were observed in the northern, southern, central, and south-western parts of the region. In terms of NO3−, about 88% and 63% and for F− 45% and 32% of the groundwater samples are non-acceptable limits of nitrate 45 mg/l and fluoride 1.5 mg/l during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Modified Gibb’s plot showed the majority of the area is dominated by rock dominance and evaporation mechanisms. Statistical analysis reveals that water chemistry is governed by weathering of feldspar minerals and the cation exchange reaction mechanism. The petro-graphical studies revealed the dominance of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, biotite, apatite, and hornblende minerals in the host rock. The factor analysis results reveal that the geogenic and anthropogenic activities contribute to groundwater chemistry. Health risk assessment was carried out by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) on the basis of intake exposure of groundwater, as per the USEPA. Results were obtained for total hazard index value greater than 1 for adults and children, which causes non-cancerous health effects.
Design eines praxisorientierten und wissensbasierten Cyber-Physischen Systems für industrielle Rüstvorgänge
Authors: Abele Nils Darwin , Hoffmann Sven , de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti , Schweitzer Marcus , Wulf Volker , Kluth Karsten 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIndustrielle Rüstvorgänge sind durch ihren zentralen und zeitkritischen Charakter innerhalb eines Produktionsprozesses elementar. Optimierungsbestrebungen dieser Prozesse erfolgen insbesondere hinsichtlich des Zeitaufwandes und der Ressourcenschonung. In diesem Zusammenhang findet die Unterstützung des Menschen durch digitale Technologien in Form von Cyber-Physischen Systemen (CPS) weniger Beachtung. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift diese Thematik auf und trägt zur Weiterentwicklung von CPS bei. Auf Grundlage einer umfassenden ethnographischen Studie wurden Praktiken von Maschineneinrichtern im Zuge von Rüstvorgängen an Biegemaschinen identifiziert. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Studie münden in ein übergreifendes Wissenstransfermodell, das die Ableitung von Gestaltungs- bzw. Designimplikationen für CPS im Rüstkontext erleichtert und optimiert. Auf Grundlage eines Vergleichs von technischen Möglichkeiten mit den im Modell erfassten praxisrelevanten Anforderungen an den Wissens- und Erfahrungstransfer konnte ein neuer auf Augmented Reality (AR) und Sensortechnologie beruhender methodischer Ansatz zur Erfassung und Weitergabe von propositionalem und prozessualem Wissen, eingebettet in verkörperten Handlungen, realisiert werden.Praktische Relevanz: Die Forschungsarbeiten bringen den Stand der Technik bei der Gestaltung digitaler Technologien bzw. CPS zur Unterstützung von Menschen voran, die mit Umrüstprozessen industrieller Produktionsmaschinen betraut sind. Es konnten für den Austausch von Fachwissen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Kontextualität und Kommunikation unter Berücksichtigung kollaborativer Arbeit und sozialer Rahmenbedingungen Fortschritte erzielt werden, die gleichzeitig neue Forschungsrichtungen zu diesem Thema eröffnen.
Material removal predictions in the robot glass polishing process using machine learning
Authors: Schneckenburger Max , Höfler Sven , Garcia Luis , Almeida Rui , Börret Rainer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Robot polishing is increasingly being used in the production of high-end glass workpieces such as astronomy mirrors, lithography lenses, laser gyroscopes or high-precision coordinate measuring machines. The quality of optical components such as lenses or mirrors can be described by shape errors and surface roughness. Whilst the trend towards sub nanometre level surfaces finishes and features progresses, matching both form and finish coherently in complex parts remains a major challenge. With increasing optic sizes, the stability of the polishing process becomes more and more important. If not empirically known, the optical surface must be measured after each polishing step. One approach is to mount sensors on the polishing head in order to measure process-relevant quantities. On the basis of these data, machine learning algorithms can be applied for surface value prediction. Due to the modification of the polishing head by the installation of sensors and the resulting process influences, the first machine learning model could only make removal predictions with insufficient accuracy. The aim of this work is to show a polishing head optimised for the sensors, which is coupled with a machine learning model in order to predict the material removal and failure of the polishing head during robot polishing. The artificial neural network is developed in the Python programming language using the Keras deep learning library. It starts with a simple network architecture and common training parameters. The model will then be optimised step-by-step using different methods and optimised in different steps. The data collected by a design of experiments with the sensor-integrated glass polishing head are used to train the machine learning model and to validate the results. The neural network achieves a prediction accuracy of the material removal of 99.22%.

Article highlights

First machine learning model application for robot polishing of optical glass ceramics

The polishing process is influenced by a large number of different process parameters. Machine learning can be used to adjust any process parameter and predict the change in material removal with a certain probability. For a trained model,empirical experiments are no longer necessary

Equipping a polishing head with sensors, which provides the possibility for 100% control
A case study on severe damage at a tunnel in serpentinite rock mass
Authors: Fujii Y. , Ikeda N. , Onoe Y. , Kanai Y. , Hayakawa T. , Awaji D. , Kodama J. , Fukuda D. , Alam A. K. M. B. , Dassanayake A. B. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Face squeezing, floor heave, and buckling of invert were found after a 10-day holiday in 2014 around the serpentinite face of a tunnel in Hokkaido, Japan. The damage continued for over 2 months, extending 400 m toward the entrance causing a massive roof fall. The tunnel was excavated again with a circular section and extra-thick shotcrete, and the face had crossed the damaged part 6 years after the damage occurred. Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical properties of the serpentinite to clarify the severe damage mechanism at the tunnel. The main experimental findings are as follows. The uniaxial compressive strength of the serpentinite samples was very low, and the ratio of the strength to the estimated overburden pressure was extremely low. The parameter n indicated that the time-dependent deformation of the serpentinite was not large but the same as ordinary rocks. All specimens showed strain-hardening in the triaxial compression test, and the friction angle was very low by the brucite content. Only primary creep was observed in the multistage triaxial creep test. The pressure on the shotcrete from rock mass for the damaged tunnel was enough to cause creep deformation and failure of shotcrete. From the above findings, designing the concrete lining that can support the earth and water pressure is recommended for tunnel excavation in such a weak serpentinite rock mass, particularly with a very low friction angle by brucite.

Highlights

Face squeezing, floor heave, and buckling of invert were found after a 10-day holiday around the serpentinite face in Hokkaido, Japan.

The time-dependent deformation of the serpentinite was not large but the same as ordinary rocks.

All specimens showed strain-hardening in the triaxial compression test, and the friction angle was very low by the brucite content.

Only primary creep was observed in the multistage triaxial creep test.

The severe damage to the tunnel was not a brittle creep failure of the serpentinite rock mass itself but the shotcrete lining.
Learning Morality with Siblings: The Untold Tale of a Mid-Twentieth Century Taiwanese Family
Authors: Xu Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article uses a new theoretical and methodological framework to reconstruct a story of two children from fieldnotes collected by anthropologists Arthur and Margery Wolf in rural Taiwan (1958 to 1960). Through the case of a brother–sister dyad, it examines the moral life of young children and provides a rare glimpse into sibling relationship in peer and family contexts. First, combining social network analysis and NLP text-analytics, this article introduces a general picture of these siblings’ life in the peer community. Moreover, drawing from naturalistic observations and projective tests, it offers an ethnographic analysis of how children support each other and assert themselves. It emphasizes the role of child-to-child ties in moral learning, in contrast to the predominant focus of parent–child ties in the study of Chinese families. It challenges assumptions of the Chinese “child training” model and invites us to take children's moral psychology seriously and re-discover their agency.
Cambrian trilobites from theGlossopleura walcottiZone (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) of Mendoza, western Argentina
Authors: Tortello M. Franco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Museo de La Plata houses numerous Miaolingian and Furongian fossils from the southern Precordillera of Mendoza, western Argentina, collected by Ángel V. Borrello during the 1960s. Early Miaolingian (Wuliuan) trilobites from these collections are described herein. The specimens studied come from allochthonous limestone blocks (San Isidro Olistoliths) of key fossiliferous localities of the San Isidro area (Cerro Martillo, Quebrada Oblicua, Quebrada Empozada, Quebrada San Isidro). Taxa compriseAthabaskia anax(Walcott),Glossopleura leonaLochman,Kooteniaaff.K. incerta(Rusconi),Kootenia crassaFritz,Oryctocephalites reynoldsi(Reed),Zacanthoidessp.,Spencia? sp.,Amecephalus normale? (Resser),Amecephalus laticaudum? (Resser), andAmecephalussp. This assemblage is representative of the North AmericanGlossopleura walcottiZone, and closely allied to faunas from the Great Basin (Spence Shale), Sonora, and to a lesser extent from northwestern Idaho.
New Donors, New Goals? Altruism, Self-Interest, and Domestic Political Support in Development Cooperation in Latin America
Authors: Pauselli Gino 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe literature on aid allocation shows that many factors influence donors’ decision to provide aid. However, our knowledge about foreign aid allocation is based on traditional foreign aid, from developed to developing countries, and many assumptions of these theories do not hold when applied to southern donors. This article argues that south-south development cooperation (SSDC) can be explained by the strength of development cooperation’s domestic allies and foes. Specifically, it identifies civil society organizations as allies of SSDC and nationalist groups as opponents of SSDC. By using for the first time data on SSDC activities in Latin America, this article shows the predictive strength of a liberal domestic politics approach in comparison to the predictive power of alternative explanations. The results speak to scholars of both traditional foreign aid and south-south development cooperation in highlighting the limits of traditional theories of foreign aid motivations.
The Agricultural Settlement of the Arabah and the Political Ecology of Zionism
Authors: Kaminer Matan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAgricultural settlement geared to capitalist commodity production and accompanied by massive ecological interventions has historically been central to the Zionist colonial project of creating a permanent Jewish presence in the “Land of Israel.” The hyperarid southern region known as the Central Arabah is an instructive edge-case: in the 1960s, after the expulsion of the bedouin population, cooperative settlements were established here and vegetables produced through “Hebrew self-labor,” with generous assistance from the state. In the 1990s the region was again transformed as the importation of migrant workers from Thailand enabled farmers to expand cultivation of bell peppers for global markets. But today ecological destruction, depletion of water resources, and global warming cast doubt over the viability of settlement in this climatically extreme region. I locate the settlements of the Arabah within the historical political ecology of the Zionist movement, arguing that their current fragility exposes the essential precarity of capitalist colonization.
Big Data and “New” Global History: Global Goods and Trade Networks in Early Modern China and Europe
Authors: Perez-Garcia Manuel , Wang Li , Svriz-Wucherer Omar , Fernández-de-Pinedo Nadia , Diaz-Ordoñez Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative method applied to global (economic) history using the tools of digital humanities through the design and development of the GECEM Project Database (www.gecem.eu; www.gecemdatabase.eu). This novel database goes beyond the static Excel files frequently used by conventional scholarship in early modern history studies to mine new historical data through a bottom-up process and analyse the global circulation of goods, consumer behaviour, and trade networks in early modern China and Europe. Macau and Marseille, as strategic entrepôts for the redistribution of goods, serve as the main case study. This research is framed within a polycentric approach to analyse the connectivity of south Chinese and European markets with trade zones of Spain, France, South America, and the Pacific.
Bridging health technology assessment and healthcare quality improvement using international consortium of health outcomes measurement standard sets
Authors: Kalf Rachel R. J. , Zuidgeest Marloes , Delnoij Diana M. J. , Bouvy Marcel L. , Goettsch Wim G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Although health technology assessment (HTA) and healthcare quality improvement are distinct processes, a greater level of alignment in outcome measures used may increase the quality and efficiency of data collection. This study evaluates the agreement in outcome measures used in oncology for healthcare quality improvement and HTAs, and how these align to the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) standard sets.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional comparative analysis of ICHOM sets focusing on oncological indications and publicly available measures for healthcare quality and HTA reports published by the National Health Care Institute from the Netherlands and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence from the United Kingdom.

Results
All ICHOM sets and HTAs used overall survival, whereas quality improvement used different survival estimates. Different progression estimates for cancer were used in HTAs, ICHOM sets, and quality improvement. Data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was recommended in all ICHOM sets and all HTAs, but selectively for quality improvement. In HTAs, generic HRQoL questionnaires were preferred, whereas, in quality improvement and ICHOM sets, disease-specific questionnaires were recommended. Unfavorable outcomes were included in all HTAs and all ICHOM sets, but not always for quality improvement.

Conclusions
Although HTA and quality improvement use outcome measures from the same domains, a greater level of alignment seems possible. ICHOM may provide input on standardized outcome measures to support this alignment. However, residual discrepancies will remain due to the different objectives of HTA and quality improvement.
Distal Actions of Automorphisms of Lie Groups G on SubG
Authors: SHAH RIDDHI , YADAV ALOK KUMAR 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor a locally compact metrisable group G, we study the action of
${\rm Aut}(G)$
on
${\rm Sub}_G$
, the set of closed subgroups of G endowed with the Chabauty topology. Given an automorphism T of G, we relate the distality of the T-action on
${\rm Sub}_G$
with that of the T-action on G under a certain condition. If G is a connected Lie group, we characterise the distality of the T-action on
${\rm Sub}_G$
in terms of compactness of the closed subgroup generated by T in
${\rm Aut}(G)$
under certain conditions on the center of G or on T as follows: G has no compact central subgroup of positive dimension or T is unipotent or T is contained in the connected component of the identity in
${\rm Aut}(G)$
. Moreover, we also show that a connected Lie group G acts distally on
${\rm Sub}_G$
if and only if G is either compact or it is isomorphic to a direct product of a compact group and a vector group. All the results on the Lie groups mentioned above hold for the action on
${\rm Sub}^a_G$
, a subset of
${\rm Sub}_G$
consisting of closed abelian subgroups of G.
Tropospheric Role in the Predictability of the Surface Impact of the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: González‐Alemán Juan J. , Grams Christian M. , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Zurita‐Gotor Pablo , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Gómara Iñigo , Rodríguez‐Fonseca Belén , Vitart Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can have a strong impact on the troposphere. Their fingerprint is often associated with the negative phase of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and extreme weather with high societal impact. However, the mechanisms behind this downward impact are not well understood. We investigate this surface impact through its associated predictability limits, by studying the 2018 SSW event. We search for predictability barriers that occurred after the onset of the SSW and before its surface impact. It is found that dynamical tropospheric events consisting of two cyclogenesis events were the main reasons for these predictability barriers in the prediction of negative NAM/NAO anomalies reaching the surface. This work corroborates that individual synoptic events might constitute predictability barriers during the downward impact of SSW events, and thereby sheds light on stratosphere‐troposphere coupling.
An Observationally Trained Markov Model for MJO Propagation
Authors: Hagos Samson , Leung L. Ruby , Zhang Chidong , Balaguru Karthik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA Markovian stochastic model is developed for studying the propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). This model represents the daily changes in real time multivariate MJO (RMM) indices as random functions of their current state and background conditions. The probability distribution function of the RMM changes is obtained using a machine learning algorithm trained to maximize MJO forecast skills using observed daily indices of RMM and different modes of variability. Skillful forecasts are obtained for lead times between 8 and 27 days. Large ensemble simulations by the stochastic model show that with monsoonal changes in the background state, MJO propagation across the Maritime Continent (MC) is most likely to be disrupted in boreal spring and summer when MJO events propagate from favorable conditions over the Indian Ocean to unfavorable ones over the MC, and predictability is higher during spring and summer when MJO activity is away from the MC region.
Surface Pathways Connecting the South and North Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Drouin Kimberley L. , Lozier M. Susan , Beron‐Vera Francisco J. , Miron Philippe , Olascoaga Maria J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe North Brazil Current (NBC) is considered a bottleneck in the South Atlantic, responsible for carrying upper‐ocean waters into the North Atlantic. This work explores the surface pathways connecting the NBC and 26°N in the North Atlantic. To identify said pathways, we use observational trajectories from surface drifters in conjunction with transition path theory applied on a Markov chain. The pathways are computed as ensembles of paths transitioning directly between the NBC and 26°N. Our results suggest that there are two dominant surface pathways: The first is the traditional pathway through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, carrying waters to the Florida Current, while the second is a direct route east of the Caribbean supplying waters to the Antilles Current and basin interior. The latter is composed of multiple pathways that are collectively more probable than the traditional pathway.
Excessive mechanical strain accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by disrupting intrinsic circadian rhythm
Authors: Ding Sheng-Long , Zhang Tai-Wei , Zhang Qi-Chen , Ding Wang , Li Ze-Fang , Han Guan-Jie , Bai Jin-Song , Li Xi-Lei , Dong Jian , Wang Hui-Ren , Jiang Li-Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNight shift workers with disordered rhythmic mechanical loading are more prone to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our results showed that circadian rhythm (CR) was dampened in degenerated and aged NP cells. Long-term environmental CR disruption promoted IDD in rats. Excessive mechanical strain disrupted the CR and inhibited the expression of core clock proteins. The inhibitory effect of mechanical loading on the expression of extracellular matrix genes could be reversed by BMAL1 overexpression in NP cells. The Rho/ROCK pathway was demonstrated to mediate the effect of mechanical stimulation on CR. Prolonged mechanical loading for 12 months affected intrinsic CR genes and induced IDD in a model of upright posture in a normal environment. Unexpectedly, mechanical loading further accelerated the IDD in an Light-Dark (LD) cycle-disrupted environment. These results indicated that intrinsic CR disruption might be a mechanism involved in overloading-induced IDD and a potential drug target for night shift workers.