bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the modes of climate variability in the Tropical Pacific and Atlantic on accumulated rainfall and reservoir water volumes in the Northeast Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Gomes Rafaela , Lima Kellen Carla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe volumes of artificial reservoirs as well as the accumulated rainfall over the Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) are sensible to the modes of climate variability. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the spatial patterns of the modes of climate variability in the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the homogeneous rainfall subregions affecting the recharge of the water volumes of reservoirs in the NEB during the period from 1986 to 2018. For this end, we used monthly rainfall; monthly water volume data for artificial reservoirs; sea surface temperature anomalies in the Tropical Pacific and Tropical Atlantic Ocean. The first step was to apply cluster analysis to subdivide the NEB according to the monthly rainfall climatology. After, the technique of synthetic maximum rainfall series was applied. Then, the response time between rainfall climatology and reservoir water volume climatology was identified by means of cross‐correlation. Finally, the partial least squares regression was applied to infer the relationship between synthetic maximum rainfall series in each subregion and the modes of climate variability. Results showed that five homogeneous rainfall subregions with three distinct wet seasons. The synthetic time series of rainfall in the subregions were positively correlated with the climatology of the reservoir volumes with lags of up to 5 months after the beginning of the series. Both rainfall and the water volume of artificial reservoirs were sensible to the modes of climate variability of the studied oceans.
Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective study on complications and timing
Authors: Pauli Nina , Eeg‐Olofsson Måns , Bergquist Henrik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the timing of tracheotomy and the duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with COVID‐19 infection. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate tracheotomy complications and mortality.MethodsConsecutive patients with COVID‐19 infection admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases in Gothenburg, Sweden were identified. Medical records were retrieved and retrospectively assessed.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐eight patients with COVID‐19 infection requiring hospital care were identified. Of these, 116 patients were critically ill and intubated, and 55 patients underwent tracheotomy. The mean time from endotracheal intubation to tracheotomy was 12 days (range 5‐28 days). There was a correlation between the timing of tracheotomy and the duration of mechanical ventilation, where a shorter time between intubation and tracheotomy was correlated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (r .58, P < .001), and a correlation was identified between the timing of tracheotomy and the duration of ICU stay (r .52, P < .001). Perioperative hypoxemia was registered in 9% of tracheotomies performed, whereas postoperative bleeding was observed in 27% of cases, the majority of which were minor.ConclusionsThis retrospective cohort study indicates that early tracheotomy is related to a reduced need for mechanical ventilation and a shorter duration of stay in the ICU in severe cases of COVID‐19 disease. Complications during and after tracheotomy in this specific cohort included risk perioperative hypoxia and postoperative bleeding. Prospective randomized controlled trials would be of value to confirm these findings.Level of Evidence4, Case series.
Scaling effects of a eutrophic river plume on organic carbon consumption
Authors: Chen Chung‐Chi , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Chiang Kuo‐Ping , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Chung Chih‐Ching , Hung Chin‐Chang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe amount of fluvial input has important impacts on shelf regions. To understand how the magnitude of fluvial discharge affects plume ecosystems, particularly organic carbon consumption, data over 10 consecutive summers (2003–2012) were examined in the Changjiang River plume of the East China Sea. The area of the Changjiang River plume ranged from approximately 4.90 × 103 km2 to 94.83 × 103 km2 and varied in proportion to the freshwater discharge rate. Plankton community respiration was at the medium to high end of the values reported for coastal regions. Total organic carbon consumption over the Changjiang River plume was positively correlated with the Changjiang freshwater discharge. This scaling relationship might be associated with river flows delivering allochthonous organic carbon and dissolved inorganic nutrients into the East China Sea. However, plankton community respiration (per m3 basis) decreased as the area of the Changjiang River plume increased; this rate appeared to have been influenced by particulate organic carbon (POC) levels and/or total plankton biomass. Even though POC was dominated by phytoplankton biomass allometrically, bacteria contributed more to plankton community respiration, possibly signifying that these bacteria were more reliant on plankton‐derived organic matter. Even with high phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity, this plume ecosystem was heterotrophic, albeit close to a state of carbon balance. To support high organic carbon consumption, in addition to allochthonous sources from fluvial runoff, a large amount of organic matter might have been autochthonous and derived from plankton in the Changjiang River plume.
Influence of settling organic matter quantity and quality on benthic nitrogen cycling
Authors: Albert Séréna , Bonaglia Stefano , Stjärnkvist Nellie , Winder Monika , Thamdrup Bo , Nascimento Francisco J. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoastal sediments are major contributors to global carbon (C) mineralization and nutrient cycling and are tightly linked to processes in the pelagic environment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulating potential of quantity and quality of planktonic organic matter (OM) deposition on benthic metabolism, with a particular focus on nitrogen (N) cycling processes. We simulated inputs of spring (C : N 10.9) and summer (C : N 5.6) plankton communities in high and low quantities to sediment cores, and followed oxygen consumption, nutrient fluxes as well as nitrate reduction rates, that is, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium for 10 d. Our results demonstrate the primary importance of OM quality in determining the fate of organic N once it settles to the sediment surface. Settling of N‐rich summer plankton material resulted in a ∼ twofold lower denitrification efficiency (40–56%) compared to N‐poor spring plankton (88–115%). This indicates that N‐rich plankton deposition favors recycling of inorganic nutrients to the water column over N‐loss via denitrification. OM quantity was positively related to mineralization activity, but this neither directly affected N fluxes nor denitrification activity, highlighting the complex interplay between the OM quantity and quality in regulating N cycling. In light of these new findings, we support the use of simple qualitative indicators such as C : N ratio of OM to investigate how future changes in benthic‐pelagic coupling might influence N budgets at the sediment–water interface.
Control of a phytoplankton bloom by wind‐driven vertical mixing and light availability
Authors: Hopkins Joanne E. , Palmer Matthew R. , Poulton Alex J. , Hickman Anna E. , Sharples Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe balance of physical and biological processes governing phytoplankton growth rates and the accumulation of biomass is widely debated in the literature, notably during the winter–spring transition. Here we show, in a temperate shelf sea that variability in the depth of the actively mixing surface layer is the leading order control. During a 2‐week period preceding the peak of the spring bloom we observe two distinct regimes; first, growth within the euphotic zone during the day and re‐distribution of new biomass to the seasonal pycnocline at night by convective mixing; then, more rapid biomass accumulation trapped within a shallower, wind‐driven actively mixing layer that was decoupled from the pycnocline below. Our observations of the bloom in the Celtic Sea, Northwest European Shelf, were made using ocean gliders and include measurements of the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. A 1‐D phytoplankton growth model driven by our measurements of dissipation and incident irradiance replicates the observed bloom and reinforces the conclusion that physical processes that mediate light availability were key. Day‐to‐day variability in cloud cover and the ability of phytoplankton to acclimate to their light environment were also important factors in determining growth rates, and the timing of the biomass peak. Our results emphasize the need for accurate turbulent mixing parameterizations in coupled hydrodynamic‐ecosystem models. Our findings are applicable to any region where wind‐driven mixing can modify nutrient and light availability, especially across subpolar shelves in the northern hemisphere where light rather than nutrients is typically the limiting factor on phytoplankton growth.
Toward resolving disparate accounts of the extent and magnitude of nitrogen fixation in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone
Authors: Selden Corday R. , Mulholland Margaret R. , Widner Brittany , Bernhardt Peter , Jayakumar Amal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExamination of dinitrogen (N2) fixation in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone has raised questions about the range of diazotrophs in the deep sea and their quantitative importance as a source of new nitrogen globally. However, technical considerations in the deployment of stable isotopes in quantifying N2 fixation rates have complicated interpretation of this research. Here, we report the findings of a comprehensive survey of N2 fixation within, above and below the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone. N2 fixation rates were measured using a robust 15N tracer method (bubble removal) that accounts for the slow dissolution of N2 gas and calculated using a conservative approach. N2 fixation was only detected in a subset of samples (8 of 125 replicated measurements) collected within suboxic waters (< 20 μmol O2 kg−1) or at the oxycline. Most of these detectable rates were measured at nearshore stations, or where surface productivity was high. These findings support the hypothesis that low oxygen/high organic carbon conditions favor non‐cyanobacterial diazotrophs. Nevertheless, this study indicates that N2 fixation is neither widespread nor quantitatively important throughout this region.
The extent and variability of storm‐induced temperature changes in lakes measured with long‐term and high‐frequency data
Authors: Doubek Jonathan P. , Anneville Orlane , Dur Gaël , Lewandowska Aleksandra M. , Patil Vijay P. , Rusak James A. , Salmaso Nico , Seltmann Christian Torsten , Straile Dietmar , Urrutia‐Cordero Pablo , Venail Patrick , Adrian Rita , Alfonso María B. , DeGasperi Curtis L. , de Eyto Elvira , Feuchtmayr Heidrun , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Girdner Scott F. , Graham Jennifer L. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Hejzlar Josef , Jacquet Stéphan , Kirillin Georgiy , Llames María E. , Matsuzaki Shin‐Ichiro S. , Nodine Emily R. , Piccolo Maria Cintia , Pierson Don C. , Rimmer Alon , Rudstam Lars G. , Sadro Steven , Swain Hilary M. , Thackeray Stephen J. , Thiery Wim , Verburg Piet , Zohary Tamar , Stockwell Jason D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intensity and frequency of storms are projected to increase in many regions of the world because of climate change. Storms can alter environmental conditions in many ecosystems. In lakes and reservoirs, storms can reduce epilimnetic temperatures from wind‐induced mixing with colder hypolimnetic waters, direct precipitation to the lake's surface, and watershed runoff. We analyzed 18 long‐term and high‐frequency lake datasets from 11 countries to assess the magnitude of wind‐ vs. rainstorm‐induced changes in epilimnetic temperature. We found small day‐to‐day epilimnetic temperature decreases in response to strong wind and heavy rain during stratified conditions. Day‐to‐day epilimnetic temperature decreased, on average, by 0.28°C during the strongest windstorms (storm mean daily wind speed among lakes: 6.7 ± 2.7 m s−1, 1 SD) and by 0.15°C after the heaviest rainstorms (storm mean daily rainfall: 21.3 ± 9.0 mm). The largest decreases in epilimnetic temperature were observed ≥2 d after sustained strong wind or heavy rain (top 5th percentile of wind and rain events for each lake) in shallow and medium‐depth lakes. The smallest decreases occurred in deep lakes. Epilimnetic temperature change from windstorms, but not rainstorms, was negatively correlated with maximum lake depth. However, even the largest storm‐induced mean epilimnetic temperature decreases were typically <2°C. Day‐to‐day temperature change, in the absence of storms, often exceeded storm‐induced temperature changes. Because storm‐induced temperature changes to lake surface waters were minimal, changes in other limnological variables (e.g., nutrient concentrations or light) from storms may have larger impacts on biological communities than temperature changes.
Selective feeding and linkages to the microbial food web by the doliolidDolioletta gegenbauri
Authors: Frischer Marc E. , Lamboley Lauren M. , Walters Tina L. , Brandes Jay A. , Arneson Erin , Lacy Lulu E. , López‐Figueroa Natalia B. , Rodríguez‐Santiago Áurea E. , Gibson Deidre M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton play a crucial role in pelagic marine food webs, however, due to methodological challenges and persistent misconceptions of their importance, the trophic role of gelatinous zooplankton remains poorly investigated. This is particularly true for small gelatinous zooplankton including the marine pelagic tunicate,Dolioletta gegenbauri.D. gegenbauriand other doliolid species occur persistently on wide subtropical shelves where they often produce massive blooms in association with shelf upwelling conditions. As efficient filter feeders and prodigious producers of relatively low‐density organic‐rich aggregates, doliolids are understood to contribute significantly to shelf production, pelagic ecology, and pelagic–benthic coupling. Utilizing molecular gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis approaches, the trophic interactions of doliolids were explored during bloom and non‐bloom conditions on the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf in the Western North Atlantic. Based on molecular gut content analysis, relative ingestion selectivity varied withD. gegenbaurilife stage. At all life stages, doliolids ingested a wide range of prey types and sizes, but exhibited selectivity for larger prey types including diatoms, ciliates, and metazoans. Experimental growth studies confirmed that metazoan prey were ingested, but indicated that they were not digested and assimilated. Stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) of wild‐caught doliolids, during bloom and non‐bloom conditions, were most consistent with a detrital‐supplemented diet. These observations suggest that the feeding ecology ofD. gegenbauriis more complex than previously reported, and have strong and unusual linkages to the microbial food web.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Parkinson's Disease with More Rapid Motor Progression
Authors: Lim Sze Hway , Ferdousi Maryam , Kalteniece Alise , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Malik Rayaz A. , Kobylecki Christopher , Silverdale Monty 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCorneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a noninvasive, reproducible ophthalmic technique to quantify corneal small nerve fiber degeneration. CCM demonstrates small nerve fiber damage in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its role as a longitudinal biomarker of PD progression has not been explored.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess corneal nerve morphology using CCM in relation to disease progression in PD.MethodsSixty‐four participants with PD were assessed at baseline and at 12‐month follow‐up. Participants underwent CCM with automated corneal nerve quantification and assessment of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr stage, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsCorneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length, corneal total branch density, and corneal nerve fiber area were significantly lower in participants with PD compared with healthy control subjects. Worsening of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III score over 12 months was significantly greater in participants with a CNFD in the lowest compared with the highest quartile at baseline (mean difference: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.0–10.9; P = 0.019). There were no significant changes in CNFD, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length, corneal total branch density, corneal nerve fiber area, or corneal nerve fiber width between baseline and 12‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsCCM identifies neurodegeneration in patients with PD, especially those who show the greatest progression in neurological disability. CCM may be a useful tool to help enrich clinical trials with those likely to exhibit more rapid progression and reduce required sample size and cost of studies. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Recognition of honeycomb lung in CT images based on improved MobileNet model
Authors: Gang Li , Haixuan Zhang , Linning E , Ling Zhang , Yu Li , Juming Zhao 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe research is to improve the efficiency and accuracy of recognition of honeycomb lung in CT images.MethodsDeep learning methods are used to achieve automatic recognition of honeycomb lung in CT images, however, are time consuming and less accurate due to the large amount of structural parameters. In this paper, a novel recognition method based on MobileNetV1 network, multiscale feature fusion method (MSFF), and dilated convolution is explored to deal with honeycomb lung in CT image classification. Firstly, the dilated convolution with different dilated rate is used to extract features to obtain receptive fields of different sizes, and then fuse the features of different scales at multiscale feature fusion block is used to solve the problem of feature loss and incomplete feature extraction. After that, by using linear activation functions (Sigmoid) instead of nonlinear activation functions (ReLu) in the improved deep separable convolution blocks to retain the feature information of each channel. Finally, by reducing the number of improved deep separable blocks to reduce the computation and resource consumption of the model.ResultsThe experimental results show that improved MobileNet model has the best performance and the potential for recognition of honeycomb lung image datasets, which includes 6318 images. By comparing with 4 traditional models (SVM, RF, decision tree, and KNN) and 11 deep learning models (LeNet‐5, AlexNet, VGG‐16, GoogleNet, ResNet18, DenseNet121, SENet18, InceptionV3, InceptionV4, Xception, and MobileNetV1), our model achieved the performance with an accuracy of 99.52%, a sensitivity of 99.35%, and a specificity of 99.89%.ConclusionImproved MobileNet model is designed for the automatic recognition and classification of honeycomb lung in CT images. Through experiments comparative analysis of other models of machine learning and deep learning, it is proved that the proposed improved MobileNet method has the best recognition accuracy with fewer the model parameters and less the calculation time.
Coupling of non‐ordinary state‐based peridynamics and finite element method with reduced boundary effect
Authors: Jin Suyeong , Hwang Young Kwang , Hong Jung‐Wuk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new numerical technique to couple non‐ordinary state‐based peridynamics (NOSB‐PD) and the finite element method (FEM), and improve the scheme by implementing an effective boundary imposition method and a stabilization method. This coupling scheme takes the mutual advantages of peridynamics and the FEM to solve fracture problems without the imposition of additional criteria, yielding enhanced computational efficiency. In addition, the coupling model brings the reduction of the boundary effect using the boundary imposition method. To combine the peridynamics and FEM, the model is partitioned into the peridynamic subregion and finite element subregion. Subsequently, the two subregions are bridged by interface elements, where peridynamic nodes are embedded. Two types of coupling schemes are developed and the boundary effect of the peridynamic subregion is analyzed in each coupling approach. Moreover, stabilization of the coupling method is implemented to control the zero‐energy mode inherent in NOSB‐PD to simulate fracture problems. The proposed methodology is verified by solving several quasi‐static problems in the one‐ and two‐dimensional domains, and fracture problems are solved. The crack paths predicted by the proposed coupling method are in good agreement with the results of the exact solution and the experiments.
Pain management nursing practice assessment in older adults with dementia
Authors: Minaya‐Freire Alícia , Subirana‐Casacuberta Mireia , Puigoriol‐Juvanteny Emma , Ramon‐Aribau Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo assess pain management nursing practice in older adults with dementia through electronic health records (EHR).DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData were collected from EHR related to pain management in older adults with dementia treated at the Acute Geriatrics Unit (AGU) of a university hospital in early 2018.ResultsEHR related to the pain of 111 patients were reviewed. Pain intensity was assessed at admission in 88% of patients and a median of 1.9 times per day of stay. A disproportionate number of the assessments (39%) occurred during the late shift. A median of 1 drug per day was administered. Pain was recorded in 28% of patients’ care plans, and non‐pharmacological interventions were recorded in 12%.In conclusion, exist variability in pain management nursing practice in older adults with dementia. Admission diagnosis correlated with the analgesic administration schedule, the number of drugs administered and the number of pain nursing annotations.