bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Multi Hermite‐Gaussian MDM Based Passive Star ITU G.989.x Standardardized PON System
Authors: Kumari Meet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPassive optical network (PON) is one of the key enabling technologies to fulfill the latest exceptional bandwidth demand owing to an exponential rise of Internet data traffic induced by the expansion of bandwidth‐hungry applications services. The potential of using passive star topology for ITU‐T G.989.x standardardized next generation PON incorporating vertical cavity surface emitting laser input source, is proposed in this paper. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique employing Hermite‐Gaussian (HG10 and HG20) modes are used to enhance the channel capacity at bidirectional 80 Gbps traffic rate. By utilizing polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator, this proposed system is promising since it offers good tolerance ability of anti‐PMD, anti‐dispersion, suppression of nonlinear effects and high spectrum effectiveness at high‐speed transmission. Impressively, faithful 600 and 590 m range is obtained at HG10 and HG20 modes respectively, with clear eye patterns at bit error rate of 10−9 for 1596–1598.4 nm in downlink. In uplink, faithful 600 and 530–600 m distance is achieved for 1524–1526.4 nm at HG10 and HG20 respectively. For variable laser temperature, maximum tolerable temperature of 20°C for both modes in downlink and 20°C at HG10 as well as 14C at HG20 is observed in uplink, over 600 m range. Besides, the proposed design undergoes ∼1e‐30 at HG10 and ∼1e‐35 at HG20 coupling coefficients for linearly polarized (LP[0,1] to LP[−4,3]) modes. It is also analyzed that maximum 3.99 dB gain and 84.58 dB optical signal‐to‐noise ratio is obtained for the proposed scheme. This design does not suffer from shot, thermal and phase noise and offers optimum performance than existing systems.
Investigation on Anti‐Diarrheal and Antipyretic Activities of citrus maxima Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice Model
Authors: Ahsan Tanveer , Maria Nazratun Noor , Jasmin Ayesha Akter , Tahmida Umme , Singha Saurav 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the Rutaceae family Citrus maxima is the biggest among all fruits, tradtionally used for several purposes due to its diverse ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities. Different portions of this plant have been used as sedatives and anti‐inflammatory medications, as well as to treat coughs, fevers, asthma, diarrhea, ulcers, and diabetes. There is a scientific potential for the methanolic seed extract to contain bioactive compounds, similar to those found in other parts of the plant. The extract derived from the seeds has already demonstrated potential biological activity. Moreover, there weren't many in vivo and in vitro research works on these plants' seeds. Therefore, the current research work was undertaken to analyze anti‐diarrheal and antipyretic potentials of the methanolic extract of Citrus maxima seeds (MCM). To evaluate MCM's effectiveness in treating diarrhea, castor oil‐induced diarrhea model was utilized as an evaluating method. The antipyretic effect in mice was measured using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model. The MCM at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses markedly reduced hyperpyrexia, induced by yeast. The effect remained persistent up to 4th hour after administration. In the castor oil induced diarrhea model, the methanolic seed extract showed high level of dose dependent inhibition of diarrhea for 4 h following castor oil administration. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate and clarify the specific causative agents responsible for the dose‐dependent effects observed. The findings of the present study suggest that MCM seed extract may represent a promising alternative for the development of innovative anti‐diarrheal and anti‐pyretic compounds.
The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study
Authors: Williamson Andrew , Lim Alison E. , Green Freddie , Lee Ying Ki , Li Lucy , Moen Christy , Vasanthan Rishi , Wharf Olivia , Wong Jeremy , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.MethodsPost hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included. Survival analysis was stratified according to subsite, primary versus recurrent disease, and surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.ResultsData from 202 rHNSCC patients were derived from a cohort of 1488 patients submitted by 50 UK centers. Median age was 66 years (IQR 58–74), and 142 (70.3%) were male. The most common recurrence subsites were oropharynx (20.5%), oral cavity (19.5%), larynx (16.4%), and hypopharynx (14.9%). Ninety‐three (48.4%) were managed curatively. Surgery was the most common treatment for laryngeal (59.4%), oral cavity (60.5%), hypopharyngeal (44.8%), and oropharyngeal (37.5%) cancers. Two‐year overall (OS), disease‐free (DFS), disease‐specific (DSS), and local recurrence free survival (LRFS) were 41.1%, 39.1%, 42.2%, and 39.3%, respectively. rHNSCC treated with surgery had improved OS (p = 0.0005), DFS (p = 0.012), DSS (p = 0.0003), and LRFS (p = 0.007), over nonsurgical treatments. Compared to primary cancers, rHNSCC presents with more advanced T stage (p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (p < 0.001), receives less curative treatment (p < 0.001), and has worse survival outcomes (all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, salvage surgery, radiotherapy, and p16 status were independent prognostic factors of all survival outcomes.ConclusionsRecurrent HNSCC is associated with high rates of incurable disease and worse survival than primary cancers. Surgery remains the most common curative treatment in rHNSCC, however future studies are necessary to improve patient selection and optimize outcomes following salvage treatment.
Long‐Term Complications in Patient‐Specific Plates for Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Trott Skylar , Yang Sara , Morton Zoey , Sautter Mackenzie , Young Gavin , Hoffman Alexandra , Petrisor Daniel , Chandra Srinivasa R. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesVirtual surgical planning (VSP) allows for optimal reconstruction of maxillary defects with fibula free flaps. Current data are limited regarding long‐term complications of patient‐specific plates (PSPs) in this setting. Our objective was to determine long‐term complications of PSPs in maxillary reconstruction using fibula free flaps.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing maxillary reconstruction with a fibula free flap and PSP between January 2010 to July 2022. The primary outcomes were plate‐related complications, which were defined as plate exposure, fracture, removal or evidence of loose screws. Secondary outcomes were wound infection, nonunion, or flap failure.ResultsA total of 39 patients underwent fibular reconstruction of maxillary defects using PSP. The average age was 56 years, with 56% of patients being female. There were 14 (35.8%) patients with plate‐related complications, 10 (25.6%) underwent plate removal, 12 (30.8%) developed exposed hardware, 2 (5.1%) had loose screws, and none had a plate fracture. The average time to plate removal was 2.76 ± 1.94 years. With regard to age, sex, tobacco or alcohol use, diabetes, hypothyroidism, preoperative radiation therapy, number of fibula segments, type of cancer, postoperative radiation therapy, or whether the patient underwent orodental rehabilitation, there were no significant differences between patients who did and did not experience plate complications.ConclusionsVSP allows for patient‐specific reconstruction of maxillary defects with a fibula free flap that remains stable in the majority of patients. In the long term, up to 25% of patients may require plate removal, but the reconstruction remains stable.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
The Efficacy of Liquid Biopsy of Total cfDNA for Predicting Systemic Metastasis in Japanese Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Uchibori Masahiro , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Hoshimoto Yasutaka , Sasaki Masashi , Aoki Takayuki , Tajima Atsushi , Ota Yoshihide , Kimura Minoru 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of liquid biopsy of total cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) to identify otherwise undetectable cancers has attracted interest; however, its efficacy remains unknown. We explored whether analysis using total cfDNA is efficacious for Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsWe collected total cfDNA from nine patients with OSCC preoperatively, 1 month postoperatively, and every 3 months thereafter to analyze this association. We used a target DNA sequence for genetic mutation analysis of tumor tissues collected from 33 patients, including the aforementioned nine patients.ResultsPatients with good disease control showed negligible changes in preoperative and postoperative total cfDNA concentrations. A rapid increase in total cfDNA concentration was observed in patients who developed systemic metastases. Patients whose tumor tissue DNA showed genetic mutations had the same mutations in preoperative circulating tumor DNA.ConclusionsOur data suggested that analyzing total cfDNA is efficacious for patients with OSCC.
Association between gestational age and severe maternal morbidity in preterm delivery: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Marquet Manon , Fabre Cyprien , Pauly Vanessa , Orleans Véronica , Boyer Laurent , Blanc Julie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates whether early gestational age (GA) at delivery is associated with an increased risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in women with preterm delivery.MethodsThis retrospective national cohort study based on the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information database included mothers who gave birth between 22 and 37 weeks in metropolitan France in 2019 (in utero deaths and medical terminations of pregnancies were excluded). SMM was defined as a composite criterion consisting of the occurrence of at least one of the following events: death, severe preeclampsia, obstetric surgical complications, severe maternal diseases, and admission to the intensive care unit. The association between GA as a categorical variable (22–24 weeks, 24–26 weeks, 26–28 weeks, 28–32 weeks, 32–34 weeks, and >34 weeks) and SMM was assessed by performing multivariate logistic regressions. Interaction tests were performed to identify factors that might influence the association between SMM and GA.ResultsAmong the 42 821 women who gave birth prematurely in metropolitan France in 2019 (6.2% of all parturients), 6249 (1.6%) presented with an SMM event (mostly severe preeclampsia, at 74.3%). GA was associated with SMM (adjusted odds ratio ranging from 1.83 between 32 and 34 weeks to 2.67 between 22 and 24 weeks compared to the reference group of 34–37 weeks, P < 0.001). The evolution of the risk of SMM according to GA appeared linear.ConclusionEarly GA at delivery was associated with an increased risk of SMM in women with preterm delivery. This study showed that SMM is also increased in cases of spontaneous prematurity and vaginal delivery.
Heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents: Evaluation of diagnostic indicators and treatment preferences
Authors: Goker Elif Tugce Aydin , Kizilkan Melis Pehlivanturk , Ersan Fatma Gul , Akgul Sinem , Aksu Tekin , Aytac Selin , Derman Orhan , Teksam Ozlem 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a significant health concern that may lead to critical medical care and impaired quality of life. The aim of the present study was to identify the clinical indicators of common causes of HMB in adolescents and evaluate the factors influencing the treatment preferences of clinicians.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2022, the electronic medical records of adolescents between the ages of 10–18 with HMB were reviewed, and a final of 205 adolescents was included. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsHypothalamic–pituitary‐ovarian (HPO) axis immaturity was diagnosed in 63.9%, bleeding disorders (BD) in 13.7%, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in 12.2% of the patients. The presence of “heavy bleeding” and the bleeding length at presentation were not different between the groups. Patients with a BD presented with lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels (P = 0.019), and more frequently required inpatient admissions (P = 0.005). Of all patients, 34.6% were given only iron, 44.9% were given a low dose, and 15.6% were given a high‐dose hormone treatment. Factors influencing high‐dose hormone regimens were lower Hb levels (P < 0.001), the place of visit (ER rather than the clinic) (P < 0.001), and the presence of multiple ER visits (P < 0.001).ConclusionPhysicians base their decisions to start high‐dose hormonal therapy on objective parameters such as Hb levels and the need for hospitalization, while more precise guidelines are deemed necessary for initiating low‐dose hormonal therapy. Standardized protocols and their practical implementation at the clinical level are needed for the management of HMB in adolescence.
Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability and Depressive Symptoms of Rural Older Adults in Urbanisation: The Role of Community‐Based Social Capital
Authors: Yang Fan , Zheng Junyao , Li Wenjie , Dai Jianbing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explore the association between community‐based social capital, namely clan identity and sense of community (SOC), and perceived neighbourhood walkability (PNW) in relation to depressive symptoms among rural older adults in urbanisation. A sample of 489 older adults in an urbanising county of Western China participated and moderated mediation analysis was utilised. PNW was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and SOC mediated the focal association. Moreover, clan identity was found as a moderator of the direct effect of PNW on depressive symptoms as well as on the indirect effect of the association through SOC. Specifically, the negative role of higher PNW on depressive symptoms was observed for older adults without clan identity. Also, clan identity significantly buffered the positive association between PNW and SOC. The study revealed the significant role of community‐based social capital in the association between PNW and depressive symptoms among the elderly experiencing urbanisation.
Evaluation of Resilience and Stress Coping Styles of Primary Care Nurses During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Akarslan Tuncay , Yildiz Esra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the resilience, stress levels, coping styles, and the impact of related factors among nurses working in primary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Designed as a cross‐sectional study, the research included 86 volunteer nurses employed in primary healthcare institutions in Bitlis provincial center and its districts in Turkey. Data were collected between March and June 2022 using a sociodemographic information form, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The results showed that the mean scores of the resilience and stress‐coping scales were significantly influenced by the educational and economic status of the nurses. A positive but weak correlation was observed between resilience and the self‐confidence and optimistic approach subscales of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. In contrast, a negative but weak correlation was found between resilience and the helpless and submissive approach subscales. The study revealed an association between resilience levels and stress‐coping styles among nurses. Nurses with higher levels of education and income demonstrated greater resilience, while those with lower levels of education and income tended to use passive coping styles. The study recommends intervention programs to increase nurses' psychological resilience and promote effective stress‐coping methods. Further research is suggested across professions, institutions, cities, and countries to explore differences in primary care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Lusutrombopag for Chronic Liver Disease Based on Pre‐Treatment Platelet Counts: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Suga Takayoshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Naganuma Atsushi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Takakusagi Satoshi , Takizawa Daichi , Arai Hirotaka , Ueno Takashi , Iizuka Keisuke , Fukuchi Toru , Saito Shuichi , Tojima Hiroki , Yamazaki Yuichi , Uraoka Toshio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral thrombopoietin receptor agonists are used to treat thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease who are scheduled for invasive procedures. The efficacy of lusutrombopag based on the pretreatment platelet count was investigated.MethodsPatients treated at nine hospitals from December 2015 to December 2023 were included. Efficacy was assessed by comparing the proportion of patients achieving a platelet count ≥ 50 000/μL and the change in platelet count.ResultsSeventy patients were eligible for evaluation. Patients with a pretreatment platelet count < 40 000/μL had a significantly lower rate of achieving a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/μL than those with a pretreatment count of 40 000–50 000/μL (62.5% vs. 84.2%, p = 0.038); however, there was no significant difference in the change in platelet count (25 700 vs. 24 400/μL, p = 0.972). Patients with viral‐related cirrhosis showed a significantly greater change in platelet count than the others (29 100 vs. 19 200/μL, p = 0.012). For patients receiving multiple lusutrombopag treatments, the change in platelet count was significantly lower in the second treatment than in the first treatment (26 900 vs. 20 800/μL, p = 0.041). The main adverse event observed was thrombosis (2.9%).DiscussionLusutrombopag increases platelet count regardless of pretreatment levels, but efficacy, defined as achieving a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/μL, may be insufficient in patients with a pretreatment platelet count < 40 000/μL. Additionally, patients with non‐viral liver disease responded less well to treatment compared to those with viral liver disease. Therefore, treatment strategies should be tailored based on pretreatment platelet counts and the etiology of liver disease.
Msx1‐Modified Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tendon‐Bone Healing and Cellular Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Kang , Fu Xia‐wei , Wang Zi‐min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the therapeutic potential of Msx1‐overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in enhancing tendon‐bone healing in rotator cuff injuries. BMSCs were genetically modified to overexpress Msx1 and were evaluated in vitro for their proliferation, migration, and differentiation potential. Results demonstrated that Msx1 overexpression significantly increased BMSC proliferation and migration while inhibiting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. In a rat model of acute rotator cuff injury, Msx1‐BMSCs embedded in a hydrogel scaffold were implanted at the tendon‐bone junction. Micro‐CT analysis revealed substantial new bone formation in the Msx1‐BMSC group, and histological evaluation showed organized collagen and cartilage structures at the repair site. Biomechanical testing further confirmed enhanced structural strength in the Msx1‐BMSC‐treated group. These findings suggest that Msx1 modification enhances BMSC‐mediated repair by promoting cell proliferation and migration, facilitating tendon‐bone integration. This Msx1‐based approach presents a promising strategy for advancing regenerative therapies for rotator cuff injuries.
Pre‐Marine Isotope Stage 2 glacial activity around the Nevado de Chañi massif in the Central Andes of Argentina and paleoclimate implications
Authors: Martini Mateo A. , Kaplan Michael R. , Guerra Lucia , Sagredo Estaban , Schaefer Joerg M. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe describe and analyze the glacial geomorphology and new 10Be cosmogenic surface exposure ages from moraines deposited before Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 around Nevado de Chañi (24°4′ S, 65°45′ W), a north–south‐trending massif located in the arid subtropical mountains of northwestern Argentina. We combine these data with previously published ages in order to establish a glacier chronology around the massif and the central Andes. The results show at least three phases of glacier expansions occurred before the global Last Glacial Maximum, (i) during MIS 6, (ii) close to the transition from MIS 4 to MIS 3, and (iii) during mid‐late MIS 3. Based on a comparison of the timing of glacier advances with other glacial and paleoclimatic proxies elsewhere, we infer that glaciers grew in this arid region of the subtropical Andes during periods of reduced temperatures and wetter conditions, ultimately due to intensification of the South American Summer Monsoon. In contrast, during MIS 5 no glacial activity was recorded around the massif, and we infer that even if wetter conditions prevailed in the region the temperature was not sufficiently low to support glaciations.
The Palestinian Conflict and the Further IT Use From the Greek and Turkish Hotels
Authors: Uzunogullari Serkan , Karadimitriou Christina , Pappas Nikolaos 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe current conflict in Palestine substantially affects tourism and hotel operations in the Eastern Mediterranean. The study examines the Palestinian conflict's effect on the hotel industry's willingness to further use information technology (IT) as a means for handling the crisis. Two nationwide studies were conducted in the hotels of Greece and Turkey. Each study includes the perspectives of a sample of 400 hotel managers and evaluates the chaordic systems and dynamics related to the Palestinian conflict and the further use of IT in the hotels. By employing fsQCA and NCA, both studies generated the same three solutions: (i) IT orientation, (ii) the Palestine effect, and (iii) IT externalisation. The study contributes to theoretical and methodological perspectives whilst providing several managerial implications concerning the IT‐related strategic change of hotels due to the Palestinian conflict.