bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overuse of antenatal visits and ultrasounds in low‐risk women: A national population‐based study
Authors: Merrer Jade , Le Ray Camille , Bonnet Camille , Coulm Bénédicte , Blondel Béatrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA better understanding of the overuse of antenatal care is needed to improve its organisation to deal with limited medical resources and doctor shortages.ObjectivesTo assess the proportion of women who overuse antenatal care and the associations of overuse with maternal characteristics and the qualifications of healthcare providers.MethodsWe used the 2016 National Perinatal Survey, a cross‐sectional population‐based survey, performed in all maternity units in France, including 13,132 women. Based on the French national guidelines, 6–8 antenatal visits were defined as adequate, 9–11 as high use, and ≥12 as overuse, while 3 ultrasounds were considered adequate, 4–5 as high use, and ≥6 as overuse. We performed binary modified Poisson regressions—with adequate care as the reference—including maternal social and medical characteristics and the healthcare professionals’ qualifications.ResultsAfter women with inadequate care were excluded, 19.2% of low‐risk women had at least 12 visits and 30.5% at least 6 ultrasounds. Overuse of visits was associated with primiparity, average to high income, less than good psychological well‐being, and care by an obstetrician. The risks of overuse of ultrasounds were higher among primiparous, women with average to high income and those receiving care from a public‐sector obstetrician (adjusted relative risk 1.17, 95% CI, 1.13, 1.21) or private obstetrician (adjusted relative risk 1.12, 95% CI, 1.07, 1.16), compared with a public‐sector midwife.ConclusionsAntenatal care overuse is very common in France and associated with some maternal characteristics and also the qualification of care provider. Antenatal care should be customised according to women's needs, in particular for primiparae and those with poor well‐being, and available medical resources.
COVID‐19: Histopathological correlates of imaging patterns on chest computed tomography
Authors: Kianzad Azar , Meijboom Lilian J. , Nossent Esther J. , Roos Eva , Schurink Bernadette , Bonta Peter I. , van den Berk Inge A. H. , Britstra Rieneke , Stoker Jaap , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , van der Valk Paul , Thunnissen Erik , Bugiani Marianna , Bogaard Harm Jan , Radonic Teodora 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia present with typical findings on chest computed tomography (CT), but the underlying histopathological patterns are unknown. Through direct regional correlation of imaging findings to histopathological patterns, this study aimed to explain typical COVID‐19 CT patterns at tissue level.MethodsEight autopsy cases were prospectively selected of patients with PCR‐proven COVID‐19 pneumonia with varying clinical manifestations and causes of death. All had been subjected to chest CT imaging 24–72 h prior to death. Twenty‐seven lung areas with typical COVID‐19 patterns and two radiologically unaffected pulmonary areas were correlated to histopathological findings in the same lung regions.ResultsTwo dominant radiological patterns were observed: ground‐glass opacity (GGO) (n = 11) and consolidation (n = 16). In seven of 11 sampled areas of GGO, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was observed. In four areas of GGO, the histological pattern was vascular damage and thrombosis, with (n = 2) or without DAD (n = 2). DAD was also observed in five of 16 samples derived from areas of radiological consolidation. Seven areas of consolidation were based on a combination of DAD, vascular damage and thrombosis. In four areas of consolidation, bronchopneumonia was found. Unexpectedly, in samples from radiologically unaffected lung parenchyma, evidence was found of vascular damage and thrombosis.ConclusionIn COVID‐19, radiological findings of GGO and consolidation are mostly explained by DAD or a combination of DAD and vascular damage plus thrombosis. However, the different typical CT patterns in COVID‐19 are not related to specific histopathological patterns. Microvascular damage and thrombosis are even encountered in the radiologically normal lung.
Carbonate cementation in the Tithonian Jeanne d’Arc sandstone, Terra Nova Field, Newfoundland: Implications for reservoir quality evolution
Authors: Olanipekun Babatunde , Azmy Karem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPetrographic and in situ geochemical analyses were carried out on cores of the fluvial sandstone (<50 to >4 mm; sublithic quartz arenite) dominated Tithonian Jeanne d’Arc Formation interval from wells C‐09 and E‐79 of the Terra Nova oilfield to understand diagenetic control on reservoir quality of the formation. Lithic clasts are dominantly carbonates and shales. Successively, early near‐surface dolomite cementation, eogenetic dolomite dissolution, burial calcite cementation and its subsequent dissolution are the major diagenetic events that controlled the reservoir quality of the sandstone. Dolomite cement grades from mostly Fe‐rich (FeCO3 ca 12 ± 2 normalized mol.%) in the upper part of the formation to Fe‐poor (<0.07 normalized mol.%) in the lower part of the formation in both wells. The dolomite and calcite cements generally have low Sr and Na; enriched Y and low δ18O and δ13C values relative to typical marine carbonates. Strontium is enriched in the Fe‐poor (higher Mg) dolomite relative to the Fe‐rich phase. Mineral liberation analyses of shale samples reveal common Fe‐chlorite and minor glauconite. Furthermore, considerable amounts of solutes in the early diagenetic pore fluid were likely derived from water—rock interaction with underlying Oxfordian Rankin Formation marine carbonate that was also exposed in the watershed of the study area at the time. Together, these suggest that the dolomites were formed from an early diagenetic bicarbonate‐rich pore fluid of mixed meteoric and seawater origin. The origin and distribution of early dolomite cementation and other successive diagenetic events have a depositional cycle control. Episodic post‐deposition transgression of seawater and/or compactional fluid expulsion from shales into overlying sandstones led to formation of dolomite cement. Subsequent infiltration of organic acid‐charged meteoric‐water into underlying dolomite‐cemented sandstones resulted in early dissolution. This porosity was mostly occluded by re‐precipitation of calcite. Increase in the abundance of relic corroded dolomite crystals with depth in each cycle indicates that early dissolution was most effective at the top of the cycles. Iron depletion in the calcite cement with depth through the formation points to a local derivation of reactants from in situ dolomite species; implying a stratigraphic control. Calcite cementation was succeeded by continuous mesogenetic dissolution concomitant mechanical compaction. The responsible low‐pH pore fluid attained its composition via enhanced H+ contribution from silicate burial diagenesis. The control of depositional settings on the major diagenetic processes makes it a key contribution to region‐wide reservoir quality prediction for the formation.
Genetic diversity of tomato response to heat stress at the QTL and transcriptome levels
Authors: Bineau Estelle , Diouf Isidore , Carretero Yolande , Duboscq Renaud , Bitton Frédérique , Djari Anis , Zouine Mohamed , Causse Mathilde 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYTomato is a widely cultivated crop, which can grow in many environments. However, temperature above 30°C impairs its reproduction, subsequently impacting fruit yield. We assessed the impact of high‐temperature stress (HS) in two tomato experimental populations, a multi‐parental advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population and a core‐collection (CC) of small‐fruited tomato accessions. Both populations were evaluated for 11 traits related to yield components, phenology and fruit quality in optimal and HS conditions. HS significantly impacted all traits in both populations, but a few genotypes with stable yield under HS were identified. A plasticity index was computed for each individual to measure the extent of the heat impact for each trait. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected in control and HS conditions as well as for plasticity index. Linkage and genome‐wide association analyses in the MAGIC and CC populations identified a total of 98 and 166 QTLs, respectively. Taking the two populations together, 69 plasticity QTLs (pQTLs) were involved in tomato heat response for 11 traits. The transcriptome changes in the ovary of six genotypes with contrasted responses to HS were studied, and 837 genes differentially expressed according to the conditions were detected. Combined with previous transcriptome studies, these results were used to propose candidate genes for HS response QTLs.
CsubMADS1, a lag phase transcription factor, controls development of polar eukaryotic microalga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C‐169
Authors: Nayar Saraswati , Thangavel Gokilavani 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYMADS‐box transcription factors (TFs) have not been functionally delineated in microalgae. In this study, the role of CsubMADS1 from microalga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C‐169 has been explored. Unlike Type II MADS‐box proteins of seed plants with MADS, Intervening, K‐box, and C domains, CsubMADS1 only has MADS and Intervening domains. It forms a group with MADS TFs from algae in the phylogenetic tree within the Type II MIKCC clade. CsubMADS1 is expressed strongly in the lag phase of growth. The CsubMADS1 monomer does not have a specific localization in the nucleus, and it forms homodimers to localize exclusively in the nucleus. The monomer has two nuclear localization signals (NLSs): an N‐terminal NLS and an internal NLS. The internal NLS is functional, and the homodimer requires two NLSs for specific nuclear localization. Overexpression (OX) of CsubMADS1 slows down the growth of the culture and leads to the creation of giant polyploid multinucleate cells, resembling autospore mother cells. This implies that the release of autospores from autospore mother cells may be delayed. Thus, in wild‐type (WT) cells, CsubMADS1 may play a crucial role in slowing down growth during the lag phase. Due to starvation in 2‐month‐old colonies on solid media, the WT colonies produce mucilage, whereas OX colonies produce significantly less mucilage. Thus, CsubMADS1 also negatively regulates stress‐induced mucilage production and probably plays a role in stress tolerance during the lag phase. Taken together, our results reveal that CsubMADS1 is a key TF involved in the development and stress tolerance of this polar microalga.
Time‐series transcriptomics reveals a BBX32‐directed control of acclimation to high light in mature Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Alvarez‐Fernandez Ruben , Penfold Christopher A. , Galvez‐Valdivieso Gregorio , Exposito‐Rodriguez Marino , Stallard Ellie J. , Bowden Laura , Moore Jonathan D. , Mead Andrew , Davey Phillip A. , Matthews Jack S. A. , Beynon Jim , Buchanan‐Wollaston Vicky , Wild David L. , Lawson Tracy , Bechtold Ulrike , Denby Katherine J. , Mullineaux Philip M. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYThe photosynthetic capacity of mature leaves increases after several days’ exposure to constant or intermittent episodes of high light (HL) and is manifested primarily as changes in chloroplast physiology. How this chloroplast‐level acclimation to HL is initiated and controlled is unknown. From expanded Arabidopsis leaves, we determined HL‐dependent changes in transcript abundance of 3844 genes in a 0–6 h time‐series transcriptomics experiment. It was hypothesized that among such genes were those that contribute to the initiation of HL acclimation. By focusing on differentially expressed transcription (co‐)factor genes and applying dynamic statistical modelling to the temporal transcriptomics data, a regulatory network of 47 predominantly photoreceptor‐regulated transcription (co‐)factor genes was inferred. The most connected gene in this network was B‐BOX DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN32 (BBX32). Plants overexpressing BBX32 were strongly impaired in acclimation to HL and displayed perturbed expression of photosynthesis‐associated genes under LL and after exposure to HL. These observations led to demonstrating that as well as regulation of chloroplast‐level acclimation by BBX32, CRYPTOCHROME1, LONG HYPOCOTYL5, CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA‐105 are important. In addition, the BBX32‐centric gene regulatory network provides a view of the transcriptional control of acclimation in mature leaves distinct from other photoreceptor‐regulated processes, such as seedling photomorphogenesis.
The efficacy of ethnic specific blood groups genotyping for routine donor investigation and rare donor identification in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Meng‐Hua , Chen Jen‐Wei , Wei Sheng‐Tang , Hou Sheng‐Mou , Chen Yann‐Jang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLarge‐scale single nucleotide variation (SNV)‐based blood group genotyping assays have been made available for over a decade. Due to differences in ethnic groups, there is much diversity in clinically important blood group antigens and genetic variants. Here, we developed a robust matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF)‐based blood group genotyping method on MassARRAY system.Study Design and MethodsA total of 1428 donors were enrolled into three groups: (a) reagent red cell donors; (b) rare donor or common antigen‐negative donors; and (c) group O, R1R1/R2R2 donors. Forty‐two SNVs were designed for determining nine blood groups, with X/Y chromosome in two multiplex reactions, on MassARRAY 96‐well format system. Further targeted sequence analyses were performed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsWHO reference reagent (NIBSC code: 11/214) was tested for concordance with the provided genotype results. Among the donors, concordance rate was over 99%. Alleles of important phenotypes such as Mi(a+), Di(a+), and Asian‐type DEL and alleles of rare blood groups such as Fy(a−), Jk(a−b−) and s− were screened. Three types of discrepancies were found. Serologically, the ‘N’ antigen was expressed on genetically MM with GYP*Mur red blood cells and caused genuine discrepancies (9.5%). Genetically, allele dropout (ADO) was caused by rare SNV in the primer for Ss genotype (2.1%) and partial insertion of RHD genes (0.9%) led to difficulties in predicting phenotypes.ConclusionHemo panel module and MassARRAY System in 96‐well format showed good performance in terms of large‐scale blood group genotyping and phenotype predictions. Implementation of this method is effective for routine blood group genotype screening of donors.
Role of hydrogen sulfide in ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in the medullary raphe of adult rats
Authors: Sabino João Paulo Jacob , Oliveira Lucas Vaz de Castro , Soriano Renato Nery , Kwiatkoski Marcelo , Branco Luiz G. S. , da Silva Glauber S. F. 
Published: June 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
There is evidence that H2S plays a role in the control of breathing: what are its actions on the ventilatory and thermoregulatory responses to hypercapnia via effects in the medullary raphe, a brainstem region that participates in the ventilatory adjustments to hypercapnia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Hypercapnia increased the endogenous production of H2S in the medullary raphe. Inhibition of endogenous H2S attenuated the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in unanaesthetized rats, suggesting its excitatory action via the cystathionine β‐synthase–H2S pathway in the medullary raphe.

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently recognized as a gasotransmitter alongside carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). H2S seems to modulate the ventilatory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. However, the action of the H2S in the medullary raphe (MR) on the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to assess the role of H2S in the MR (a brainstem region that contains CO2‐sensitive cells and participates in the ventilatory adjustments to hypercapnia) in the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in adult unanaesthetized Wistar rats. To do so, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA; a cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) enzyme inhibitor), propargylglycine (PAG; a cystathionine γ‐lyase enzyme inhibitor) and sodium sulfide (Na2S; an H2S donor) were microinjected into the MR. Respiratory frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), ventilation (), oxygen consumption () and body temperature (Tb) were measured under normocapnic (room air) and hypercapnic (7% CO2) conditions. H2S concentration within the MR was determined. Microinjection of the drugs did not affect fR, VT and during normocapnia when compared to the control group. However, the microinjection of AOA, but not PAG, attenuated fR and during hypercapnia in comparison to the vehicle group, but had no effects on Tb. In addition, we observed an increase in the endogenous production of H2S in the MR during hypercapnia. Our findings indicate that endogenously produced H2S in the MR plays an excitatory role in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, acting through the CBS–H2S pathway.
The Nonlinear Bending of Thin Rods
Authors: Mitchell T. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The nonlinear bending of straight and circular-arc cantilevers under vertical and horizontal point loads is analyzed from a unified approach. Formulas for determining the deflected shape of the cantilevers are presented. Closed-form solutions are obtained for bending under two types of distributed loads. In particular, the problem of bending under a uniformly distributed normal load is solved.
Stresses and Deflections in an Elastically Restrained Circular Plate Under Uniform Normal Loading Over a Segment
Authors: Bassali W. A. , Nassif M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Within the limits of the small-deflection plate theory and using complex variable methods, an exact expression is developed in series form for the solution of the problem of a thin circular plate elastically restrained along the boundary and subjected to uniform normal loading over a segment of the plate. The elastic constraint considered includes as particular cases the rigidly clamped and simply supported boundaries. For a rigidly clamped boundary the results are expressed in finite terms. Some details of calculations of deflections, moments, and shears based on the theory are provided in tables and curves. Timoshenko’s notation [1] is used in the paper. Other symbols will be defined as they appear in the text.
Transverse Flexure of a Thin Plate Containing Two Circular Holes
Authors: Tamate O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The problem of finding stress resultants in a thin elastic plate containing two circular holes of equal size, under plain bending about the axes of symmetry, has been discussed on the basis of the Poisson-Kirchhoff theory. A method of perturbation is adopted for the determination of parametric coefficients involved in the solution. The factors of stress concentration are calculated and compared with the results available.
Plastic Stress-Strain Relationships—Some Experiments on the Effect of Loading Path and Loading History
Authors: Gill S. S. , Parker J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tests have been carried out on thin closed-ended tubes of alpha brass subjected to various combinations of torque and internal pressure. The effect of loading, unloading, and reloading along different loading paths has been investigated, including the effect on the shape of the yield surface, and the form of the curve of representative stress and representative strain. The behavior of the material for initial loading suggests that the material is isotropic in the plane of the surface of the tube but is anisotropic in a radial direction. A form of yield criterion and representative stress which correlates these results has been deduced, but the results of the tests for the second loadings of the specimens cannot be correlated in terms of a nested set of similar yield surfaces. The evidence for or against the existence of corners or pointed vertices on the yield surface is inconclusive.
An Experiment on Compressible-Flow Perturbations
Authors: d’Ews Thomson T. A. , Meyer R. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect which a slight tilting of the liners of a supersonic wind-tunnel nozzle has on the Mach-number distribution in the test-rhombus is determined on the basis of the linear-perturbation theory of reference [1]. Experiments are reported which (a) confirm that the first-order subsonic and transonic perturbations of the flow may be neglected compared with the supersonic perturbations, and (b) indicate that appreciable effects not accounted for by the first-order theory occur when the flow possesses high local pressure gradients.
Transient Film Condensation
Authors: Sparrow E. M. , Siegel R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An analytical solution for transient laminar film condensation on a vertical plate is obtained using the method of characteristics. The situation considered is one in which the plate temperature, initially the same as that of the saturated vapor, is suddenly dropped. Results are obtained for transient heat-transfer coefficients and for the time required to achieve steady state.
Root-Locus Analysis of Structural Coupling in Control Systems
Authors: Cannon R. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When a feedback system is devised to control a mechanical member that is structurally limber, unstable (“self-excited”) vibrations may be encountered at approximately a natural frequency of the structural member. Cures are generally easy to effect once the phenomena are understood. Two interesting cases are described: ground vibrations of an airplane control system due to a limber fuselage, and vibrations of a stable platform system due to limberness in the platform structure. The investigations are carried out using the root-locus technique, which provides a plot of system characteristics as explicit functions of control strength. In the case of the stable platform, the analysis is found to be more reliable than physical intuition.
Normal Vibrations of a Uniform Plate Carrying Any Number of Finite Masses
Authors: Stokey W. F. , Zorowski C. F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A general method is presented for determining approximately the natural frequencies of the normal vibrations of a uniform plate carrying any number of finite masses. Its application depends on knowing the frequencies and natural modes of vibration of the unloaded plate and the physical characteristics of the mass loadings. A numerical example is presented in detail in which this method is applied to a simply supported plate carrying two masses. Results also are included of experimentally measured frequencies for this configuration and several additional cases along with the frequencies computed using this method for comparison.
Stresses in a Stretched Slab Having a Spherical Cavity
Authors: Ling Chih-Bing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analytic solution for an infinite slab having a symmetrically located spherical cavity when it is stretched by an all-round tension. The required stress function is constructed by combining linearly two sets of periodic biharmonic functions and a biharmonic integral. The sets of biharmonic functions are derived from two fundamental functions specially built up for the purpose. The arbitrary functions involved in the biharmonic integral are first adjusted to satisfy the boundary conditions on the surfaces of the slab by applying the Hankel transform of zero order. Then the stress function is expanded in spherical co-ordinates and the boundary conditions on the surface of the cavity are satisfied by adjusting the coefficients of superposition attached to the sets of biharmonic functions. The resulting system of linear equations is solved by the method of successive approximations. The solution is finally illustrated by numerical examples for two radii of the cavity.