bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative systemic chemotherapy alters the histopathological growth patterns of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Nierop Pieter MH , Höppener Diederik J , Buisman Florian E , van der Stok Eric P , Galjart Boris , Balachandran Vinod P , Jarnagin William R , Kingham T Peter , Shia Jinru , Mauer Murielle , Nordlinger Bernard , Julié Catherine , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Doukas Michail , Vermeulen Peter B , Grünhagen Dirk J , D'Angelica Michael I , Verhoef Cornelis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistopathological growth patterns (HGPs) are a reliable, reproducible, and strong prognostic biomarker that can be assessed on haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of resected colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Assessment estimates the relative fraction of the tumour–liver interface for each of the three growth patterns; the desmoplastic HGP reflects good prognosis. Whether preoperative chemotherapy affects the HGP is currently unclear. The present international multicentre study evaluates this in an original cohort of 877 consecutive patients treated in the Netherlands, an external validation cohort of 1,203 consecutive patients treated in the USA, and a post hoc analysis from the phase III randomised controlled European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 40983 trial (n = 70). All patients underwent resection of CRLM with or without preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Trial patients were randomised between perioperative chemotherapy and resection or resection alone. HGPs were determined according to consensus guidelines and compared for preoperative treatment status. Data from three separate tumour regression grading systems were available for the trial cohort. These were correlated with HGP stratified for treatment arm. In the original cohort, the average presence of desmoplastic HGP was 43% for chemo‐naïve versus 67% for preoperatively treated patients (p < 0.001). A significant association between chemotherapy and desmoplastic HGP was found on multivariable analysis (β [95% confidence interval, CI]: 24.57 [18.28–30.87], p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, the average presence of desmoplastic HGP was 40% for chemo‐naïve versus 63% for preoperatively treated patients (p < 0.001). This association remained on multivariable analysis (β [95% CI]: 24.18 [18.70–29.66], p < 0.001). In the EORTC 40983 trial, the average desmoplastic HGP presence was 33% in the resection arm versus 61% in the chemotherapy arm (p = 0.005). Chemotherapy was independently associated with an increase in desmoplastic HGP (β [95% CI]: 23.29 [1.78–44.79], p = 0.022). All three tumour regression gradings were significantly associated with the desmoplastic HGP in the chemotherapy arm (all p < 0.04). None were associated in the resection arm (all p > 0.11). Preoperative chemotherapy induces histopathological changes that alter the HGP of CRLM.
The cumulative incidence of cisplatin‐induced hearing loss in young children is higher and develops at an early stage during therapy compared with older children based on 2052 audiological assessments
Authors: Meijer Annelot J. M. , Li Kathy H. , Brooks Beth , Clemens Eva , Ross Colin J. , Rassekh Sharad R. , Hoetink Alex E. , van Grotel Martine , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Carleton Bruce C. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundOtotoxicity is a common adverse event of cisplatin treatment. The authors investigated the development of cisplatin‐induced hearing loss (CIHL) over time in children with cancer by age and examined the influence of other clinical characteristics on the course of CIHL.MethodsData from Canadian patients with childhood cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Hearing loss was graded according to International Society of Pediatric Oncology criteria. The Kaplan‐Meier method was applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of CIHL for the total cohort and according to age. Cox regression models were used to explore the effects of independent variables on CIHL development up to 3 years after the start of therapy.ResultsIn total, 368 patients with 2052 audiological assessments were included. Three years after initiating therapy, the cumulative incidence of CIHL was highest in patients aged ≤5 years (75%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 66%‐84%), with a rapid increase observed to 27% (95% CI, 21%‐35%) at 3 months and to 61% (95% CI, 53%‐69%) at 1 year, compared with patients aged >5 years (48%; 95% CI, 37%‐62%; P < .001). The total cumulative dose of cisplatin at 3 months (per 100 mg/m2 increase: hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.41) vincristine (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.89‐4.36) and the total duration of concomitantly administered antibiotics (>30 days: HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.95) further influenced CIHL development over time.ConclusionsIn young children, the cumulative incidence of CIHL is higher compared with that in older children and develops early during therapy. The course of CIHL is further influenced by the total cumulative dose of cisplatin and other ototoxic (co‐)medication. These results highlight the need for audiological monitoring at each cisplatin cycle.
The Batchelor Spectrum of Passive Scalar Turbulence in Stochastic Fluid Mechanics at Fixed Reynolds Number
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Blumenthal Alex , Punshon‐Smith Samuel 
Published: September 2021

In 1959 Batchelor predicted that the stationary statistics of passive scalars advected in fluids with small diffusivity k should display a power spectrum along an inertial range contained in the viscous‐convective range of the fluid model. This prediction has been extensively tested, both experimentally and numerically, and is a core prediction of passive scalar turbulence.In this article we provide a rigorous proof of a version of Batchelor's prediction in the limit when the scalar is subjected to a spatially smooth, white‐in‐time stochastic source and is advected by the 2D Navier‐Stokes equations or 3D hyperviscous Navier‐Stokes equations in forced by sufficiently regular, nondegenerate stochastic forcing. Although our results hold for fluids at arbitrary Reynolds number, this value is fixed throughout. Our results rely on the quantitative understanding of Lagrangian chaos and passive scalar mixing established in our recent works. Additionally, in the limit, we obtain statistically stationary, weak solutions in to the stochastically forced advection problem without diffusivity. These solutions are almost‐surely not locally integrable distributions with nonvanishing average anomalous flux and satisfy the Batchelor spectrum at all sufficiently small scales. We also prove an Onsager‐type criticality result that shows that no such dissipative, weak solutions with a little more regularity can exist. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Panel Optimization for High‐Dimensional Immunophenotyping Assays Using Full‐Spectrum Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ferrer‐Font Laura , Small Sam J. , Lewer Brittany , Pilkington Katherine R. , Johnston Laura K. , Park Lily M. , Lannigan Joanne , Jaimes Maria C. , Price Kylie M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTechnological advancements in fluorescence flow cytometry and an ever‐expanding understanding of the complexity of the immune system have led to the development of large flow cytometry panels reaching up to 43 colors at the single‐cell level. However, as panel size and complexity increase, so too does the detail involved in designing and optimizing successful high‐quality panels fit for downstream high‐dimensional data analysis. In contrast to conventional flow cytometers, full‐spectrum flow cytometers measure the entire emission spectrum of each fluorophore across all lasers. This allows for fluorophores with very similar emission maxima but unique overall spectral fingerprints to be used in conjunction, enabling relatively straightforward design of larger panels. Although a protocol for best practices in full‐spectrum flow cytometry panel design has been published, there is still a knowledge gap in going from the theoretically designed panel to the necessary steps required for panel optimization. Here, we aim to guide users through the theory of optimizing a high‐dimensional full‐spectrum flow cytometry panel for immunophenotyping using comprehensive step‐by‐step protocols. These protocols can also be used to troubleshoot panels when issues arise. A practical application of this approach is exemplified with a 24‐color panel designed for identification of conventional T‐cell subsets in human peripheral blood. © 2021 Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Cytek Biosciences. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and evaluation of optimal spectral reference controlsSupport Protocol 1: Antibody titrationSupport Protocol 2: Changing instrument settingsBasic Protocol 2: Unmixing evaluation of fully stained sampleBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of marker resolutionSupport Protocol 3: Managing heterogeneous autofluorescenceBasic Protocol 4: Assessment of data quality using expert gating and dimensionality reduction algorithms
Synthesis of Azido and Triazolyl Purine Ribonucleosides
Authors: Līpiņš Dāgs Dāvis , Jeminejs Andris , Novosjolova Irina , Bizdēna Ērika , Turks Māris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we describe detailed synthetic protocols for preparation of 6‐amino/thio‐2‐triazolylpurine ribonucleosides. First, 9‐(2′,3′,5′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diazido‐9H‐purine, to be used as a key starting material, is synthesized in an SNAr reaction with NaN3 starting from commercially available 9‐(2′,3′,5′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,6‐dichloro‐9H‐purine. Next, 2,6‐bis‐triazolylpurine ribonucleoside is obtained in a CuAAC reaction between diazidopurine derivative and phenyl acetylene, and used in SNAr reactions with N‐ and S‐nucleophiles. In these reactions, the triazolyl ring at the purine C6 position acts as a good leaving group. Cleavage of acetyl protecting groups from the ribosyl moiety is achieved in presence of piperidine. In the SNAr reaction with amino acid derivatives, the acetyl groups remain intact. Moreover, 9‐(2′,3′,5′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diazido‐9H‐purine is selectively reduced at the C6 position using a CuSO4·5H2O/sodium ascorbate system. This provides a straightforward approach for synthesis of 9‐(2′,3′,5′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐6‐amino‐2‐azido‐9H‐purine. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 6‐amino‐2‐triazolylpurine ribonucleosidesBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 6‐thio‐2‐triazolylpurine ribonucleosidesBasic Protocol 3: Synthesis of 6‐amino‐2‐azidopurine ribonucleoside
The influence of CEO profile on corporate social responsibility companies. A qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Villalba‐Ríos Paula , Barroso‐Castro Carmen , Vecino‐Gravel Julio Darío 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper, anchored in the principles of the upper echelons theory, strives to ascertain which CEO profiles configure high corporate social responsibility companies (CSR) among the best‐performing companies worldwide. In addition, it considers the legal system that embeds the company. Based on a 5‐year dataset (2015–2019), fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was employed to ascertain the presence of CEO profiles related to the company's CSR, linking CEO characteristics and company CSR. The results show that CEOs promoted from outside the company, holding an engineering degree and an MBA, have ample experience and have been in the position for a long time, leading organisations within systems based on civil law, configure the best CSR companies. This multi‐attribute approach to the study of CEOs could provide many fruitful lines of future research in the field of CSR.
Sympathetic activation in heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction: the role of aetiology
Authors: Urbancsek Réka , Csanádi Zoltán , Forgács Ildikó Noémi , Papp Tímea Bianka , Boczán Judit , Barta Judit , Jenei Csaba , Nagy László , Rudas László 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimWhile sympathetic overactivity in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; EF < 40%) is well‐documented, it is ill‐defined in patients with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF; EF 40–49%). Furthermore, the significance of ischaemic versus non‐ischaemic aetiology in sympathetic activation is also unclear and has yet to be studied in HF. Our goal was to compare muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in HFmrEF and HFrEF patients and in healthy subjects, as well as to elucidate the influence of the underlying disease.Methods and resultsTwenty‐three HFrEF (age 58 ± 10 years), 33 HFmrEF patients (age 61 ± 10 years), including 11 subjects with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy in each HF groups and 10 healthy controls (age 55 ± 10 years), were studied. MSNA—detected by peroneal microneurography, continuous arterial pressure, and ECG—was recorded. MSNA frequency (burst/min) and incidence (burst/100 cycles) were calculated. Association with the patients' characteristics were assessed, and aetiology‐based comparisons were performed. Burst frequency demonstrated a significant stepwise increase in both HFmrEF (41 ± 11 burst/min) and HFrEF (58 ± 17 burst/min, P < 0.001) patients as compared with controls (27 ± 9; P < 0.001 for both HF groups). Similarly, burst incidences were 66 ± 17, 82 ± 15, and 36 ± 10 burst/100 cycles in HFmrEF, HFrEF patients, and in healthy controls, respectively (P < 0.001 for all). Burst frequencies in HF patients showed significant correlation with NT‐proBNP levels, and significant inverse correlations with the subjects' mean RR intervals, stroke volumes, pulse pressures, and EF.ConclusionsMuscle sympathetic nerve activity parameters indicated significant sympathetic activation in both HFmrEF and HFrEF patients as compared with healthy controls with no difference in relation to ischaemic versus non‐ischaemic aetiology.
Extended follow‐up after wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator period: the PROLONG‐II study
Authors: Mueller‐Leisse Johanna , Brunn Johanna , Zormpas Christos , Hohmann Stephan , Hillmann Henrike Aenne Katrin , Eiringhaus Jörg , Bauersachs Johann , Veltmann Christian , Duncker David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (WCD) is used for temporary protection from sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction before considering an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD). However, the prognostic significance of the WCD remains controversial due to conflicting evidence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prognosis of patients receiving life‐saving WCD shocks.Methods and resultsAll patients receiving a WCD at Hannover Medical School for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction between 2012 and 2017 were included. Data were acquired at baseline, at 3 months and at last available follow‐up (FU). Three hundred and fifty‐three patients were included (69% male; age 56 ± 15 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 25 ± 8%). FU after the WCD was 2.8 ± 1.5 years with a maximum of 6.8 years. Daily WCD wear time was 22 ± 4 h. Fourteen patients (4%) received appropriate WCD shocks. Two patients (0.6%) died during the WCD period. Thirty patients (9%) died during extended FU. Mean estimated survival after the WCD was similar between patients with and without WCD shocks. Patients without an ICD recommendation after WCD prescription did not experience SCD during FU.ConclusionsPatients with WCD shocks showed a favourable survival. Patients without an ICD recommendation after WCD prescription had no SCD during FU. These findings support the practice of careful risk stratification before considering an ICD and the use of the WCD for temporary protection from SCD.
Ni/CeO2 catalysts for low‐temperature CO2 methanation: Identifying effect of support morphology and oxygen vacancy
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Tengfei , Wang Fang , Zhu Quanhong , Liu Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of support morphology and oxygen vacancy on the low temperature catalytic activity of Ni‐based catalyst for CO2 methanation, three Ni/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, in which CeO2 materials with different morphology of flowerlike, nanowire, and bulk were used. The characterization results showed that the morphology of CeO2 exhibited a significant effect on the preferential exposed crystal planes, which led to the change of oxygen vacancy concentration and metal dispersion, resulting in the enhancement of catalytic activity at low temperature. Among all catalysts, the nanowire‐like Ni/CeO2 catalyst (Ni/W) showed the highest CO2 conversion due to its enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration and CO2 adsorption capacity of the catalyst. In situ DRIFTS experiment showed that the intermediate product of Ni/W catalyst reaction route was formate. In a 100 h–400°C–lifetime test, Ni/W catalyst also showed excellent long‐term stability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unraveling the relationship between high‐performance work systems and firm performance: A mediation analysis
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Xiaoping , Lawler John J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDrawing upon the resource‐based view and economic cost perspective, we examined the effect of firms' use of high‐performance work systems (HPWS) on two firm performance outcomes—firm financial performance (FFP) and firm innovation and improvement (FII), indirectly through firm capacity for learning and transforming external knowledge and technologies (CLT). Our results confirmed that HPWS positively related to both FFP and FII through firm CLT. HPWS was found to have a linear association with CLT but an inverted U‐shape relationship with FFP. We also revealed a three‐factor structure of firm HPWS: motivation to perform, skills to enhance, and opportunity to engage. The supplementary analysis demonstrated a lack of significant three‐way interaction between these three HPWS factors. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Groundwater–surface water interactions in a river estuary and the importance of geomorphology: Insights from hydraulic, thermal and geophysical observations
Authors: Zamora Peter B. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Cook Perran L. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents the groundwater flow and salinity dynamics along a river estuary, the Werribee River in Victoria, Australia, at local and regional scales. Along a single reach, salinity across a transverse section of the channel (~80 m long) with a point bar was monitored using time‐lapse electrical resistivity (ER) through a tidal cycle. Groundwater fluxes were concurrently estimated by monitoring groundwater levels and temperature profiles. Regional porewater salinity distribution was mapped using 6‐km long longitudinal ER surveys during summer and winter. The time‐lapse ER across the channel revealed a static electrically resistive zone on the side of the channel with a pronounced cut bank. Upward groundwater flux and steep vertical temperature gradients with colder temperatures deeper within the sediment suggested a stable zone of fresh groundwater discharge along this cut bank area. Generally, less resistive zones were observed at the shallow portion of the inner meander bank and at the channel center. Subsurface temperatures close to surface water values, vertical head gradients indicating both upward and downward groundwater flux, and higher porewater salinity closer to that of estuary water suggest strong hyporheic circulation in these zones. The longitudinal surveys revealed higher ER values along deep and sinuous segments and low ER values in shallow and straighter reaches in both summer and winter; these patterns are consistent with the local channel‐scale observations. This study highlights the interacting effects of channel morphology, broad groundwater–surface water interaction, and hyporheic exchange on porewater salinity dynamics underneath and adjacent to a river estuary.
Tailor‐Made Auxiliaries for Polar Growth from Melts
Authors: Kahr Bart , Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Yang Jingxiang , Ward Michael D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTailor‐made auxiliaries are generally less stereochemically discriminating of crystals grown from the melt than crystals grown from solution. However, it is possible to make supramolecular inferences using well‐chosen additives in the manner taught to us by Lahav and Leiserowitz. Spherulites manifesting needle‐like growth and small angle branching grow frequently from supercooled melts under high crystallization driving forces, along one principal crystallographic direction. If this direction is polar, it is important to establish its absolute sense as a basis for understanding growth at the interface between crystals and melt. This assignment, for polycrystalline ensembles, is beyond the capabilities of X‐ray crystallography. Two examples of this discrimination are described with tailor‐made additives, one for the β form of resorcinol and another for form I of L‐malic acid. Assigning the absolute sense of a polar axis with molecular additives is a problem that resembles both the science and style of previous experiments from the Weizmann Institute.
Epi‐illumination dark‐field microscopy enables direct visualization of unlabeled small organisms with high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Shi Ruijie , Chen Xiangyang , Huo Jing , Guo Siyue , Smith Zachary J. , Chu Kaiqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDark‐field microscopy is known to offer both high resolution and direct visualization of thin samples. However, its performance and optimization on thick samples is under‐explored and so far, only meso‐scale information from whole organisms has been demonstrated. In this work, we carefully investigate the difference between trans‐ and epi‐illumination configurations. Our findings suggest that the epi‐illumination configuration is superior in both contrast and fidelity compared to trans‐illumination, while having the added advantage of experimental simplicity and an “open top” for experimental intervention. Guided by the theoretical analysis, we constructed an epi‐illumination dark‐field microscope with measured lateral and axial resolutions of 260 nm and 520 nm, respectively. Subcellular structures in whole organisms were directly visualized without the need for image reconstruction, and further confirmed via simultaneous fluorescence imaging. With an imaging speed of 20 to 50 fps, we visualize fast dynamic processes such as cell division and pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans.