bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ການເຂົ້າເຖິງການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງດ້ນກົດຫມາຍສຶກສາໃນກໍລະນີ: ການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງໃນຄອບຄົວຢູ່ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ
Authors: ປະສານພອນ ສີວິໄຊ , ສຸລິວົງ ຫນູລັດ , ມົວ ສຸນິຕາ , ທໍາມະຈັກ ສີໄວ , ລຸນທາ ຍຸພາ , ມະນີວົງ ສີສະຫວາດ , ໄກສອນເພັດ ຄໍາພູທອງ , ເຫວີຍ ສຸຍ 
Published: December 2024

ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງດ້ານກົດຫມາຍແມ່ນການໃຫ້ບໍລິການທາງດ້ານກົດຫມາຍໂດຍບໍ່ຄິດຄ່າໃນການບໍລິການ ແກ່ ຜູ້ຮັບບໍລິການເຊັນ: ຜູ້ທຸກຍາກ, ຜູ້ດ້ອຍໂອກາດ, ເດັກທີ່ຕ້ອງການປົກປ້ອງເປັນພິເສດ, ຜູ້ກະທໍາ ຜິດທີ່ ກົດຫມາຍ ກໍາ ນົດໃຫ້ມີທະນາຍຄວາມເຂົ້າໄປຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ, ຄົນພິການ, ແມ່ຍິງ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ ຖືກເຄາະຮ້າຍຈາກການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນ ແຮງ, ໂດຍຜ່ານການຈັດຕັ້ງໃຫ້ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງດ້ານກົດຫມາຍ (Legal Aid Hanbook, Volume 2,2020) ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງດ້ານກົດຫມາຍ ເປັນການເປີດໂອກາດ ແລະ ສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນທີ່ຢູ່ໃນເປົ້າຫມາຍທີ່ໄດ້ກ່າວ ມາແມ່ນໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອແບບບໍ່ເສຍຄ່າບໍລິການ. ການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງເປັນສີງທີ່ມ່ວນມະ ນຸດບໍ່ປາດຖະຫນາຈະໃຫ້ເກີດໃນຊິວິດຂອງຕົນເອງ ແລະ ຄົນອື່ນ, ແຕ່ ໃນສັງຄົມ ຫຼື ຊຸມຊົນພັດເກີດຂຶ້ນເປັນປະຈໍາເປັນຕົ້ນແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນຄອບຄົວ ທີ່ເປັນຈຸລັງຂອງສັງຄົມ, ຊຶ່ງການກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດ ການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງມີຫຼາຍກໍລະນີ ແລະ ຫຼາຍລະດັບທີ່ພາ ໃຫ້ມີຄວາມເສຍຫາຍທີ່ແຕກຕາງກັນ, ແຕ່ເຖີງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ ຕາມ, ເມື່ອເວົ້າເຖີງການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ສາມາດລິກລ້ຽງໄດ້, ແຕ່ບາງກໍລະ ນີບໍ່ສາມາດລີກລຽງໃໄດ້ເພາະມັນ ເກີດຂຶ້ນດ້ວຍຄວາມຕັ້ງໃຈຂອງຜູ້ກະທໍາຜິດ, ບາງກໍລະນີ ກໍ່ເກີດດ້ວຍຄວາມຂາດສະຕິ ແລະ ຄວາມປະຫມາດຈາກເລື່ອງ ນ້ອຍກາຍເປັນເລື່ອງໃຫຍ່ ຊຶ່ງສ້າງຄວາມເສຍໃຫ້ ແກ່ອີກຝ່າຍຫນື່ງເຊັ່ນ: 1. ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນເກີດຂຶ້ນກັບຄອບຄົວຂາດເຂີນທາງດ້ານເສດຖະກິດ, ຜົວ, ເມຍ ຫຼື ລູກຕິດຢາເສບຕິດ, ຫຼິ້ນ ກີນຟູມເຟືອຍ, ການທໍາມິດສະຈານ ແລະ ເກີດປັນຫາຜິດຖຽງກັນກາຍ ເປັນການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງໂດຍຕັ້ງໃຈ ແລະ ບໍ່ໄດ້ ຕັ້ງໃຈ ແລະ 2. ບາງຄັ້ງກໍ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນກັບຄອບຄົວທີ່ເສດຖະກິດຄອບຄົວສົມ ບູນ, ແຕ່ກໍ່ມີການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງພາຍໃນ ຄອບຄົວຍ້ອນສາເຫດບໍ່ເຂົ້າໃຈກັນ, ຄວາມບໍ່ລົງລອຍກັນ, ເອົາຕົນເອງເປັນທີ່ຕັ້ງເລື່ອງແນວຄິດ, ບໍ່ມີຄວາມຜ່ອນສັ້ນ ຜ່ອນຍາວຊຶ່ງກັນ ແລະ ກັນ. ບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້ານີ້ມີເປົ້າຫມາຍເພື່ອສຶກສາຄົ້ນຄວ້າກົດຫມາຍ, ນິຕິກໍາ ແລະ ເອກະສານຕ່າງໆ ເຊັ່ນ: ກົດຫມາຍວ່າ ດ້ວຍການຕ້ານ ແລະ ສະກັດກັ້ນການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຕໍ່ແມ່ຍິງ ແລະ ເດັກ, ດໍາລັດເລກທີ77/ລບ ວ່າດ້ວຍການ ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງດ້ານກົດຫມາຍ, ຕໍາລາ ແລະ ບົດຄວາມ ທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງໃນຄອບຄົວໃນ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ໂດຍການດໍາເນີນການສຶກສາສົມທຽບກົດຫມາຍກັບພຶດຕິກໍາຕົວຈີງຂອງຄົນໃນສັງຄົມ, ທີສໍາຄັນ ທີ່ເປັນຂໍ້ມູນພື້ນຖານ ເມືອຊີ້ວັດເຖີງສະຖິຕິ, ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຂອງຄວາມຜິດ, ສາເຫດ ແລະ ຕົ້ນເຫດທີ່ໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງ ໃນຄອບຄົວ, ສະຖິຕິຂໍ້ມູນຈາກອົງການທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງ, ເປັນແມ່ນສະຫະພັນແມ່ຍີງ ແລະ ໄກ່ ເກັຍຂັ້ນບ້ານ,ທັງຫມົດເຫຼົ່ານີ້ມີການເພີ້ມຂຶ້ນ ຫຼື ຫຼຸດ, ຖ້າມີການເພີ້ມຂຶ້ນ ພວກເຮົາສາມາດຮູ້ໄດ້ເຖີງສາເຫດທີ່ເພີ້ມຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ພ້ອມດຽວກັນນັ້ນຈະວາງແຜນສະກັດກັ້ນ ແລະ ຕ້ານການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງດ້ວຍວິທີການໃດເປັນຕົ້ນ, ຖ້າການໃຊ້ ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງພາຍໃນຄອບ ຄົວຫຼຸດລົງ ພວກເຮົາກໍ່ຕ້ອງຮູ້ສາເຫດ ແລະ ຕົ້ນເຫດເພື່ອສົ່ງເສີມສິ່ງ ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນເຊັ່ນ: ການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມ ແຂງແກ່ຊຸມຊົນ ແລະ ຄອບຄົວ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ການເຂົ້າເຖິງ, ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ, ການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງ ແລະ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ.
ວິເຄາະປຽບທຽບທ່າແຮງການສົ່ງອອກຂອງ ສປປ ລາວ ກັບກຸ່ມປະເທດ CMV
Authors: ສິລິປັນໂຍ ຈັນທະພອນ , ວັນນະລາດ ບຸນເລີດ 
Published: December 2024

ບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້ານີ້ມີຈຸດປະສົງ ວິເຄາະປຽບທຽບທ່າແຮງການສົ່ງອອກຂອງ ສປປ ລາວ ກັບກຸ່ມປະເທດ CMV ຜ່ານມູມມອງພາບລວມການສົ່ງອອກ ແລະ ຕົວຊີ້ວັດທາງການຄ້າ. ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າ: ການສົ່ງອອກໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານມາ ລະຫວ່າງ ສປປ ລາວ ກັບ CMV ມີບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ຍັງບໍ່ທັນເຕັມທ່າແຮງທີ່ມີ. ເຊິ່ງແນວໂນ້ມມູນຄ່າການສົ່ງອອກ ແຕ່ປີ 2010-2022 ຂອງຫວຽດນາມ ແລະ ກໍາປູເຈຍແມ່ນເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນໄວ. ສ່ວນມຽນມາ ແລະ ສປປ ລາວ ແມ່ນຄ່ອຍໆເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ; ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ ການຄິດໄລ່ຕົວຊີ້ວັດທາງການຄ້າ ຍັງພົບວ່າ ບາງຜະລິດຕະພັນ ເຖິງຈະມີມູນຄ່າການສົ່ງອອກສູງ ແລະ ມີຄ່າຄວາມໄດ້ປຽບໃນການສົ່ງອອກສູງ (NRCA ສູງ) ກໍ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າມີທ່າແຮງໃນການສົ່ງອອກ ທຸກລາຍການ ເພາະຕ້ອງໄດ້ຄໍານຶງເຖິງຄວາມຍືນຍົງ (HJ) ແລະ ທ່າແຮງບົ່ມຊ້ອນ ໃນການສົ່ງອອກຕື່ມ (EPI). ການຄົ້ນຄວ້ານີ້ ໄດ້ປະກອບສ່ວນຂໍ້ມູນພື້ນຖານ ສຳລັບການກໍານົດນະໂຍບາຍ ແລະ ວິທີການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດທີ່ມີປະສິດທິຜົນ ເພື່ອຂຸດຄົ້ນທ່າແຮງບົ່ມຊ້ອນ ເພື່ອຂັບເຄື່ອນການພັດທະນາຮ່ວມກັນ ໂດຍສະເພາະການຍົກລະດັບການຜະລິດ ຢ່າງມີເປົ້າໝາຍ ເປັນລະບົບຕ່ອງໂສ້; ການສົ່ງເສີມການສົ່ງອອກ ຢ່າງມີຈຸດສຸມ(ຕົວແບບ).
ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ດັດສະນີຄວາມໄດ້ປຽບໂດຍປຽບທຽບ (NRCA), ດັດສະນີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍ(ຄວາມບອບບາງໃນການສົ່ງອອກ): ດັດສະນີເຮີຟິນດໍ (HJ) ແລະ ດັດສະນີທ່າແຮງການສົ່ງອອກ (Export Potencial Index).
Special issue: Turning the tides; the child and the political. Methodologies for integraled child politics in education
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate , Andersen Camilla Eline , Otterstad Ann Merete 
Published: December 2024

This Special Issue concerns the child and the political: the political child.
The call for papers asked for immanent and minor (transpolitical, transgenerational, decolonized…) perspectives in which child and childhood are seen as moulding collective futuring forces in a globalized world. The call asked to refrain from rights perspectives in a narrow juridical sense to avoid any type of categorization and compartmentalization. The call also asked to avoid universalized, major, or idealistic politics of the child, and as Marina Garcés (2022) asserts: “The western humanistic tradition must leave the expansive universalism and learn to think of itself from a mutual universality” (p. 92). Being human is thus seen as a collective and collaborative activity ultimately repealing any divisions between subject and object, adult and child, nature and culture, body and mind. What can children teach us about politics, we asked, and how can the child become more than an object of policies? Further, we asked what kind of childhoods are desirable, necessary, and possible to future?
The Digital Leap in March 2020 – Teachers Assessing Their Digital Competence After the Distance Learning Period
Authors: Tanhua-Piiroinen Erika , Viteli Jarmo 
Published: December 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic and the emergency remote teaching (ERT) that it brought along in spring 2020, forced educators and educational institutions worldwide to quickly adapt to the technology needed for teaching and learning. This was situation in Finland too. Now, three years after the pandemic, when the extensive school closings and emergency remote teaching at least now are behind us, we wanted to find out how do the teachers assess their digital competence after the ERT period compared to the time before it. Based on the self-assessment questionnaire, teachers’ competence and their confidence in their own skills has increased, but in moderation. When looking at competence assessments compared to age, confidence and competence seem to decrease with age, teachers under age 30 being the most competent. In the period under review, competence has grown the most among people between the ages of 30 and 60. Although teachers' activity in the use of information and communication technology in most of the lessons has somewhat increased, no remarkable change can be seen in students' use of ICT in most of their lessons. Teachers are still the most active part in the use of technology in learning.
Health sufferings, healthcare seeking behavior, awareness about health insurance, and health related rights of ready made garments workers in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasan Md Tanvir , Amin Amina , Chowdhury Md Uzzal , Faizul Islam Kuhel , Huq Sk Mojibul , Parvin Rezvina , Ahmed S Jobayear , Ali Md Liakath , Rashid Sabina Faiz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed at examining health sufferings of readymade garments (RMG) workers, the factors that affect their health sufferings, their healthcare seeking pattern, knowledge about health insurance and health related rights in Bangladesh.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 486 RMG workers recruited randomly from eight garments factories located on the periphery of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, headache, fever and abdominal pain was estimated and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine association between these illnesses of workers and their socio-demographic characteristics and other work related information. We also explored their healthcare seeking patterns, knowledge about health insurance and health related rights.

Results
The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, headache, fever and abdominal pain was found to be 78.1%, 57.9%, 52.2% and 24.6%, respectively, among the RMG workers. Factors that increased the odds of: musculoskeletal pain were working for more than 10 h per day (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–4.7) and being female [AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.0–10.6]; fever was living in slums [AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5]; and abdominal pain was being female [AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4–9.3]. The workers commonly reported visiting drug sellers in local pharmacies for reported illnesses. They also had better knowledge of health related rights but poor knowledge of health insurance.

Conclusion
In order to address the overall health and well-being of the RMG workers, it is imperative to lay out a blueprint for a safe and healthy workplace.
A longitudinal study of working hours and chronic kidney disease in healthy workers: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Lee Yesung , Seo Eunhye , Mun Eunchan , Lee Woncheol 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Long working hours are linked to an increased risk of exposure to work safety hazards that threaten the health of workers. To date, only a few cross-sectional studies regarding the relationship between working characteristics, such as over-workload and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported. Therefore, in this longitudinal study, we aimed to examine the direct relationship between long working hours and the incidence of CKD.

Methods
We included 97 856 participants without CKD in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Using a self-report questionnaire, we evaluated weekly working hours, which were categorized into 35-40, 41-52, and &gt;52 hours. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident CKD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with weekly working 35-40 hours as the reference.

Results
During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 185 participants developed incident CKD (incidence density, 4.83 per 104 person-years). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of incident CKD for weekly working &gt;52 hours compared with working 35-40 hours were 1.99 (1.22-3.25). In subgroup analyses, the significant association between working &gt;52 hours and incident CKD was consistently observed in groups of age ≥40 years, men, and obesity with no interaction.

Conclusions
Our large-scale cohort study of young- to middle-aged men and women demonstrated a significant association between long working hours and an increased risk of incident CKD.
A globally stable practically implementable PI passivity‐based controller for switched power converters
Authors: Bobtsov Alexey , Ortega Romeo , Nikolaev Nikolay , He Wei 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn this article, we propose a PI passivity‐based controller, applicable to a large class of switched power converters, that ensures global state regulation to a desired equilibrium point. A solution to this problem requires full state‐feedback, which makes it practically unfeasible. To overcome this limitation we construct a state observer that is implementable with measurements that are available in practical applications. The observer reconstructs the state in finite‐time, ensuring global convergence of the PI. An adaptive version of the observer, where some parameters of the converter are estimated, is also proposed. The excitation requirement for the observer is very weak and is satisfied in normal operation of the converters. Realistic simulation results illustrate the excellent performance and robustness vis‐à‐vis noise and parameter uncertainty of the proposed output‐feedback PI.
ZnO Nanoplatelets with Controlled Thickness: Atomic Insight into Facet‐Specific Bimodal Ligand Binding Using DNP NMR
Authors: Terlecki Michał , Badoni Saumya , Leszczyński Michał K. , Gierlotka Stanisław , Justyniak Iwona , Okuno Hanako , Wolska‐Pietkiewicz Małgorzata , Lee Daniel , De Paëpe Gaël , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) and nanosheets with controlled thickness have recently emerged as an exciting new class of quantum‐sized nanomaterials with substantially distinct optical properties compared to 0D quantum dots. Zn‐based NPLs are an attractive heavy‐metal‐free alternative to the so far most widespread cadmium chalcogenide colloidal 2D semiconductor nanostructures, but their synthesis remains challenging to achieve. The authors describe herein, to the best of their knowledge, the first synthesis of highly stable ZnO NPLs with the atomically precise thickness, which for the smallest NPLs is 3.2 nm (corresponding to 12 ZnO layers). Furthermore, by means of dynamic nuclear polarization‐enhanced solid‐state 15N NMR, the original role of the benzamidine ligands in stabilizing the surface of these nanomaterials is revealed, which can bind to both the polar and non‐polar ZnO facets, acting either as X‐ or L‐type ligands, respectively. This bimodal stabilization allows obtaining hexagonal NPLs for which the surface energy of the facets is modulated by the presence of the ligands. Thus, in‐depth study of the interactions at the organic–inorganic interfaces provides a deeper understanding of the ligand–surface interface and should facilitate the future chemistry of stable‐by‐design nano‐objects.
Visualizing Intrinsic 3D‐Strain Distribution in Gold Coated ZnO Microstructures by Bragg Coherent X‐Ray Diffraction Imaging and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Respect to Piezotronic Applications
Authors: Jordt Philipp , Wolff Niklas , Hrkac Stjepan B. , Shree Sindu , Wang Di , Harder Ross J. , Kübel Christian , Adelung Rainer , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Magnussen Olaf M. , Kienle Lorenz , Murphy Bridget M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel devices ranging from bio magnetic field sensors to energy harvesting nano machines utilize the piezotronic effect. For optimal function, understanding the interaction of electrical and strain phenomena within the semiconductor crystal is necessary. Here, studies of a model piezotronic system are presented, consisting of a ZnO microrod coated by a thin layer of gold, which forms a Schottky contact with the piezoelectric ZnO material. Coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to visualize the structure and strain distribution, showing that the ZnO microrod exhibits strains of multiple origins in the bulk and at the interface. Strain values of −6 × 10‐4 have been measured by CXDI at the ZnO/Au interface. The origin is shown to be a combination of an interface strain, possibly caused by the Schottky contact formation, and distinct, localized electrical fields inside the crystal which are assigned to electron depletion and screening in a bent ZnO/Au piezotronic rod. These findings will contribute to sensor development and to a better understanding of piezotronic applications.
Plant density and nitrogen fertilization optimization on sorghum grain yield in Mali
Authors: Dembele Joseph Sékou B , Gano Boubacar , Kouressy Mamoutou , Dembele Léonce Lamine , Doumbia Mohamed , Ganyo Komla Kyky , Sanogo SékouBa , Togola Adama , Traore Karim , Vaksman Michel , Teme Niaba , Diouf Diaga , Audebert Alain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a staple food crop in Mali, has low yields for several reasons including that many farmers do not have the financial resources to purchase state‐of‐the‐art genetics and fertilizers and information is not available on how to optimize yields for heirloom variety. To improve their economic and environmental sustainability, Mali farmers need to understand how to invest their limited resources. In many situations this involves the use of open‐pollinated varieties that have a range of tillering capabilities. This study determined the best population density and nitrogen (N) fertilization combinations for eight locally available sorghum varieties. The research was conducted in 2018 and 2019 and the experimental design was split‐split‐plot randomized block, the treatments were two plant densities (26,600 and 53,300 plants ha–1), three N levels (0 kg ha–1, 89 kg ha–1, and 178 kg ha–1), and eight varieties that had a range of tillering characteristics. Each treatment was replicated three times and six of the varieties were open pollinated. Results showed that each variety had a different yield response to plant density and N rate. For example, the tall guinea (hybrids FADDA and PABLO) and the short durra‐caudatum A12‐79 cultivar produced higher yields when planted at 53,300 plants ha–1 and fertilized with 178 kg N ha–1 N2D2 treatment. For the short guinea‐caudatum improved varieties C2_007‐03 and C2_075‐15 and caudatum GRINKAN and SOUMBA varieties the optimum seeding rate was 53,300 plants ha–1 that were fertilized with 89 kg N ha–1 (N1D2). For the tall local guinea TIEBILE variety the highest yields were observed when it was seeded at a rate of 26,600 plants ha–1 and fertilized with 89 kg N ha–1. Grain yield increase was associated with yield components and growth traits for eight varieties studied. Panicle numbers per square meter and chlorophyll index were associated with grain yield in guinea hybrid. Grain number per panicle and 1,000 grain weight were involved in increasing grain yield in caudatum varieties. Nitrogen rate and planting density combination in terms of grain yield varied with different sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties studied. Knowledge of optimum combinations will help producers decide which option to promote to booster sorghum production in Mali.
Contrasting E−H Bond Activation Pathways of a Phosphanyl‐Phosphagallene
Authors: Feld Joey , Wilson Daniel W. N. , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of the phosphanyl‐phosphagallene, [H2C{N(Dipp)}]2PP=Ga(Nacnac) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(Dipp)]2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) towards a series of reagents possessing E−H bonds (primary amines, ammonia, water, phenylacetylene, phenylphosphine, and phenylsilane) is reported. Two contrasting reaction pathways are observed, determined by the polarity of the E−H bonds of the substrates. In the case of protic reagents (δ−E−Hδ+), a frustrated Lewis pair type of mechanism is operational at room temperature, in which the gallium metal centre acts as a Lewis acid and the pendant phosphanyl moiety deprotonates the substrates. Interestingly, at elevated temperatures both NH2iPr and ammonia can react via a second, higher energy, pathway resulting in the hydroamination of the Ga=P bond. By contrast, with hydridic reagents (δ+E−Hδ−), such as phenylsilane, hydroelementation of the Ga=P bond is exclusively observed, in line with the polarisation of the Si−H and Ga=P bonds.
MIL‐101(Cr) Microporous Nanocrystals Intercalating Graphene Oxide Membrane for Efficient Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Cheng Long , Yang Haonan , Chen Xingyu , Liu Guozhen , Guo Yanan , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is a promising two‐dimensional building block for fabricating high‐performance gas separation membranes. Whereas the tortuous transport pathway may increase the transport distance and lead to a low gas permeation rate, introducing spacers into GO laminates is an effective strategy to enlarge the interlayer channel for enhanced gas permeance. Herein, we propose to intercalate CO2‐philic MIL‐101(Cr) metal‐organic framework nanocrystals into the GO laminates to construct a 2D/3D hybrid structure for gas separation. The interlayer channels were partially opened up to accelerate gas permeation. Meanwhile, the intrinsic pores of MIL‐101 provided additional transport pathways, and the affinity of MIL‐101 to CO2 molecules resulted in higher H2/CO2 diffusion selectivity, leading to a simultaneous enhancement in gas permeance and separation selectivity. The MIL‐101(Cr)/GO membrane with optimal structures exhibited outstanding and stable mixed‐gas separation performance with H2 permeance of 67.5 GPU and H2/CO2 selectivity of 30.3 during the 120‐h continuous test, demonstrating its potential in H2 purification application.
Measuring sustainability of renewable diesel production using a multi‐criteria decision matrix
Authors: Madden Serpil , Alles Kaylee , Demirel Yaşar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study presents a multi‐criteria decision matrix approach to the sustainability analysis of renewable diesel processes. The criteria include environmental, economic, technical, and fuel‐quality aspects. The main objective is to establish a comprehensive approach to the sustainability analysis of alternative manufacturing processes. A combination of an analytical hierarchy process method and an entropy method is used to obtain both subjective and objective weighting factors to achieve a more reliable and comprehensive comparison among alternatives. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the alternatives based on the distance of each alternative to the ideal and non‐ideal solutions. This analysis indicates that the most sustainable processes are the process associated with Fischer–Tropsch diesel, and the catalytic hydrotreatment of vegetable oils to produce green diesel (GD I). The results determined that algae‐based green diesel (GD III) was the least favorable process. This is because GD III has the highest impact on the water scarcity footprint and unit production cost indicators. This multi‐criteria analysis with estimated weight factors can be an effective generic method for sustainability assessment of alternative manufacturing processes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
I give a dime if you do, too! The influence of descriptive norms on perceived impact, personal involvement, and monetary donation intentions
Authors: Gugenishvili Ilia , Francu Ruxandra‐Elena , Koporcic Nikolina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividual donations are the main source of income for charitable organizations. This study aims to understand whether, when, and how descriptive norms can be used to motivate individual monetary donations. Our findings challenge previous literature about the influence of descriptive norms on donation intentions by shedding light on the process of their influence. Studying 288 respondents, we found that descriptive norms do influence donation intentions and this interaction is mediated by perceived impact as well as personal involvement. Beneficiary responsibility, however, did not emerge as a significant moderator of the process. Our results guide managerial decisions of charitable organizations to inform their professional practice and help them increase individual donations.
Effect of Ni, La, and Ce Oxides on a Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst with Low Copper Loading for Ethanol Non‐oxidative Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yergaziyeva Gaukhar Yergaziyevna , Dossumov Kusman , Mambetova Manshuk Muratkyzy , Strizhak Peter Yevgenevich , Kurokawa Hideki , Baizhomartov Bedelzhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of modifying additives (Ni, La, Ce oxides) on the activity of Cu/Al2O3 with a low copper loading was studied for ethanol non‐oxidative dehydrogenation. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the commercial Al2O3 granules and characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD‐NH3), temperature‐programmed reduction of H2 (H2‐TPR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Modification of Cu/Al2O3 with Ni, La, and Ce oxides results in increasing catalytic activity. A modification of the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst with nickel and lanthanum oxides, in contrast to cerium oxide, leads to an improvement in the dispersion of the catalyst particles. The Cu‐Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with the highest acidity has the highest selectivity for acetaldehyde. The highest selectivity for butanol is observed for the Cu‐La/Al2O3 catalyst, which has the lowest acidity.