bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A population‐genomic approach for estimating selection on polygenic traits in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Gompert Zachariah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStrong selection can cause rapid evolutionary change, but temporal fluctuations in the form, direction and intensity of selection can limit net evolutionary change over longer time periods. Fluctuating selection could affect molecular diversity levels and the evolution of plasticity and ecological specialization. Nonetheless, this phenomenon remains understudied, in part because of analytical limitations and the general difficulty of detecting selection that does not occur in a consistent manner. Herein, I fill this analytical gap by presenting an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method to detect and quantify fluctuating selection on polygenic traits from population genomic time‐series data. I propose a model for environment‐dependent phenotypic selection. The evolutionary genetic consequences of selection are then modelled based on a genotype–phenotype map. Using simulations, I show that the proposed method generates accurate and precise estimates of selection when the generative model for the data is similar to the model assumed by the method. The performance of the method when applied to an evolve‐and‐resequence study of host adaptation in the cowpea seed beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) was more idiosyncratic and depended on specific analytical choices. Despite some limitations, these results suggest the proposed method provides a powerful approach to connect the causes of (variable) selection to traits and genome‐wide patterns of evolution. Documentation and open‐source computer software (fsabc) implementing this method are available from github (https://github.com/zgompert/fsabc.git).
Experimental support for genomic prediction of climate maladaptation using the machine learning approach Gradient Forests
Authors: Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Chhatre Vikram E. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Keller Stephen R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGradient Forests (GF) is a machine learning algorithm that is gaining in popularity for studying the environmental drivers of genomic variation and for incorporating genomic information into climate change impact assessments. Here we (i) provide the first experimental evaluation of the ability of “genomic offsets” ‐ a metric of climate maladaptation derived from Gradient Forests ‐ to predict organismal responses to environmental change, and (ii) explore the use of GF for identifying candidate SNPs. We used high‐throughput sequencing, genome scans, and several methods, including GF, to identify candidate loci associated with climate adaptation in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). Individuals collected throughout balsam poplar's range also were planted in two common garden experiments. We used GF to relate candidate loci to environmental gradients and predict the expected magnitude of the response (i.e., the genetic offset metric of maladaptation) of populations when transplanted from their “home” environment to the common gardens. We then compared the predicted genetic offsets from different sets of candidate and randomly selected SNPs to measurements of population performance in the common gardens. We found the expected inverse relationship between genetic offset and performance: populations with larger predicted genetic offsets performed worse in the common gardens than populations with smaller offsets. Also, genetic offset better predicted performance than did “naive" climate transfer distances. However, sets of randomly selected SNPs predicted performance slightly better than did candidate SNPs. Our study provides evidence that genetic offsets represent a first order estimate of the degree of expected maladaptation of populations exposed to rapid environmental change and suggests GF may have some promise as a method for identifying candidate SNPs.
Long‐term fertilisation regimes influence the diversity and community of wheat leaf bacterial endophytes
Authors: Sun Zhan‐Bin , Li Hai‐Yan , Lin Zhi‐An , Yuan Liang , Xu Jiu‐Kai , Zhang Shui‐Qin , Li Yan‐Ting , Zhao Bing‐Qiang , Wen Yan‐Chen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlant endophytes exhibit an excellent ability to promote plant growth and control plant diseases. However, the influence of long‐term fertilisation regimes on the diversity and community of plant endophytes has seldom been reported. In this research, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the effect of 34 years of different fertilisation regimes on the diversity and community of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf endophytes. Results showed that different fertilisation regimes could significantly influence the diversity and community of wheat leaf endophytes. The diversity of leaf endophytes after organic manure fertilisation was different from the diversity after chemical fertilisation and no fertilisation. The endophyte community was significantly different under different fertilisation regimes. Pseudomonas has higher abundance after chemical and organic manure fertilisation than in the no fertilisation treatment. The abundance of Brevundimonas in the organic manure fertilisation treatment group is higher than in chemical and no fertilisation treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the endophyte communities in the chemical and organic manure fertilisation were positively correlated with wheat height, stem diameter, leaf area and yield. This research lays the foundations for understanding the diversity and community of wheat leaf endophytes under different fertilisation regimes and provides useful information for further scientific research on fertilisation.
Nutritional screening and intervention of older adults living in the community referred by the My Aged Care online portal
Authors: Hutchings Allison , Charlton Karen , do Rosario Vinicius Andre , Walton Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether nutritional screening and intervention improve the nutritional status of older adults living in the community.MethodsThe Kiama MOW service performed nutrition screening, after being trained by the research team and maintained the dataset. De‐identified data was provided to the research team for analysis. Meals on Wheels staff also kept detailed notes during the nutrition screening process and in discussions with clients. These notes were provided to the research team along with the de‐identified quantitative data, a summary of the measures taken following screening, including interventions that were recommended to clients by MOW staff. Staff were not formally interviewed about their experiences in conducting nutrition screening but their open‐ended text comments were retrospectively summarised, as well as anecdotal comments made to the research team who were involved in training and supporting the MOW team during the intervention period.ResultsForty‐one individuals (25 women, mean age = 79.8 ± 8.9 years) were referred (21 well‐nourished, 16 at risk of malnutrition and 4 malnourished). After reassessment (n = 19), nutritional status had significantly improved (P = .008 for all referrals and P < .001 for those at risk of malnutrition or malnourished). The main interventions provided were as follows: nutrition education (100%), home‐delivered meals (78%) and social outings including meals (17%).ConclusionThe My Aged Care portal may be a feasible source of referral of this population to perform routine nutrition screening for appropriate intervention.
Serum markers of B‐cell activation in pregnant women with atopic asthma
Authors: Martins Catarina , Lima Jorge , Cambridge Geraldine , Ângelo‐Dias Miguel , Leandro Maria , Miguel Borrego Luís 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProblemAs maternal atopy represents a risk factor for the development of atopy in offspring, we aimed to assess how pregnancy affects B‐cell activation markers in women with atopic asthma and whether they correlate with risk manifestations for allergy in newborns from mothers with atopic asthma.Method of StudyPregnant women with atopic asthma (AP) in the third trimester of gestation and nonpregnant women with atopic asthma (ANP) were prospectively recruited and compared to respective healthy counterparts (HP and HNP). All pregnant women were also assessed during the postpartum period until 6 weeks after delivery (HP/PP and AP/PP). Newborns were clinically evaluated at the age of 6 months. Peripheral blood samples were taken from each woman at each time point. Soluble CD23 (sCD23), B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), IgA, IgG, IgM, kappa (κ), and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLC) were quantified in serum samples.ResultsThe AP group presented increased sCD23 (p < 0.05) and BAFF (p < 0.001) levels compared to the ANP group and even higher levels of sCD23 during the postpartum period (p < 0.001). Moreover, the cutoffs of 6.74 g/L for IgG (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 77.8%) and of 11.30 mg/L for λ FLC (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 88.9%) in the AP group were predictive factors for the manifestation of allergy in their offspring.ConclusionsAfter delivery, the dynamics of sCD23 and BAFF changed significantly in the AP group. Furthermore, we found novel predictive factors for allergy manifestations in the children of these women, with potential clinical application.
Resistance in health and healthcare
Authors: Essex Ryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article I will introduce and outline the concept of resistance as it relates to health and healthcare. Starting with a number of examples of action, I will then turn to the broader literature to discuss some conventional definitions and related concepts, outlining debates, controversies and limitations related to conceptualizing resistance. I conceptualize resistance broadly, as any act, performed by any individual (or collective) acting as or explicitly identifying as a healthcare professional, that is a response to power, most often in opposition to contentious, harmful or unjust rules, practices, policies or structures. Practically this could account for any public action, marches, sit‐ins and civil disobedience, but also forms of ‘everyday resistance’, such as working slowly, feigning sickness, or even providing care for marginalized groups that would otherwise not have access. Such action could go unrecognized by those in power and perhaps more contentiously, those resisting needn’t even recognize their actions as resistance. I will then apply this conceptualization to explain action that has been undertaken by healthcare professionals, identifying its key features. I will briefly discuss future directions for inquiry that appear particularly pressing. These including ongoing conceptual development, identifying the functions of resistance in health and healthcare along with what makes it distinct from healthcare as usual and other forms of resistance and finally, the range of normative questions resistance raises.
Women’s dissatisfaction with inappropriate behavior by health care workers during childbirth care in France: A survey study
Authors: Gaucher Laurent , Huissoud Cyril , Ecochard Rene , Rudigoz René‐Charles , Cortet Marion , Bouvet Lionel , Bouveret Laetitia , Touzet Sandrine , Gonnaud Françoise , Colin Cyrille , Gaucherand Pascal , Dupont Corinne ,   the AURORE Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality care during childbirth requires that health care providers have not only excellent skills but also appropriate and considerate attitudes and behavior. Few studies have examined the proportion of women in Western countries expressing dissatisfaction with such inappropriate or inconsiderate behavior. This study evaluated this proportion in a sample presumably representative of French maternity units.MethodsThis prospective multicenter study, using data from a selfadministered questionnaire, took place in 25 French maternity units during one week in September 2018. The primary outcome measure was mothers' self‐reported dissatisfaction with blatantly inappropriate behavior (ie, inappropriate attitude, inadequate respect for privacy, insufficient gentleness of care, and/or inappropriate language) by health care workers in the delivery room. The secondary outcome was their self‐reported dissatisfaction with these workers' inconsiderate behavior (ie, unclear and inappropriate information, insufficient participation in decision‐making, or deficient consideration of pain).ResultsOf 803 potentially eligible women, 627 completed the questionnaire after childbirth; 5.62% (35/623, 95% CI: 3.94‐7.73) reported dissatisfaction with blatantly inappropriate behaviors and 9.79% (61/623, 95% CI: 7.57‐12.40) with inconsiderate behaviors. The main causes of dissatisfaction reported by women in this survey were the inadequate consideration of their pain and the failure to share decision‐making.ConclusionsMost of the women were satisfied with how health care workers behaved towards them in the delivery room. Nonetheless, health care staff must be aware of women's demands for greater consideration of their expressions of pain and of their voice in decisions.
Impact of enhanced optical techniques at time of transurethral resection of bladder tumour, with or without single immediate intravesical chemotherapy, on recurrence rate of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Sari Motlagh Reza , Mori Keiichiro , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Aydh Abdulmajeed , Katayama Satoshi , Grossmann Nico C. , Mostafai Hadi , Pradere Benjamin , Quhal Fahad , Schuettfort Victor M. , Roshandel Mohammad Reza , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Teoh Jeremy , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Fajkovic Harun 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo assess whether single immediate intravesical chemotherapy (SIIC) adds value to bladder tumour management in combination with novel optical techniques: enhanced transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).MethodsA systematic search was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases in September 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) extension statement for network meta‐analyses. Studies that compared recurrence rates among intervention groups (TURBT with photodynamic diagnosis [PDD] ± SIIC, narrow‐band imaging [NBI] ± SIIC, or white‐light cystoscopy [WLC] + SIIC) and a control group (TURBT with WLC alone) were included. We used the Bayesian approach in the network meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two studies (n = 4519) met our eligibility criteria. Out of six different interventions including three different optical techniques, compared to WLC alone, blue‐light cystoscopy (BLC) plus SIIC (odds ratio [OR] 0.349, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.196–0.601) and BLC alone (OR 0.668, 95% CrI 0.459–0.931) were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 12‐month recurrence rate. In the sensitivity analysis, out of eight different interventions compared to WLC alone, PDD by 5‐aminolevulinic acid plus SIIC (OR 0.327, 95% CrI 0.159–0.646) and by hexaminolevulinic acid plus SIIC (OR 0.376, 95% CrI 0.172–0.783) were both associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 12‐month recurrence rate. NBI with and without SIIC was not associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 12‐month recurrence rate (OR 0.385, 95% CrI 0.105–1.29 and OR 0.653, 95% CrI 0.343–1.15).ConclusionBlue‐light cystoscopy during TURBT with concomitant SIIC seems to yield superior recurrence outcomes in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. The use of PDD was able to reduce the 12‐month recurrence rate; moreover, concomitant SIIC increased this risk benefit by a 32% additional reduction in odds ratio. Although using PDD could reduce the recurrence rate, SIIC remains necessary. Moreover, ranking analysis showed that both PDD and NBI, plus SIIC, were better than these techniques alone.
Peer mentor training: Pathway to competency for facilitators of Healthy Mothers Healthy Families workshops
Authors: Bourke‐Taylor Helen M. , Grzegorczyn Sarah , Joyce Kahli S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthy Mothers Healthy Families (HMHF) is a women's health and empowerment programme designed to promote the health and well‐being of mothers of children with a disability. An ongoing need to extend the reach of HMHF to more mothers, and increase scalability, resulted in development of a training programme based in principles of adult and transformative learning, to credential mothers as HMHF facilitators. The current study evaluated the process and outcomes of the competency training programme for new facilitators.MethodsA pretest and posttest design with midway data collection point was implemented to evaluate the facilitators' competence following the training programme. Surveys contained specifically designed demographic questions, open‐ended questions, self‐report of competency and estimation of need for education/training. Fifteen predetermined criteria enabled self‐ratings. Training of facilitators occurred alongside delivery of 23‐day HMHF workshops. Workshop participants provided anonymous objective evaluation of the facilitators' competencies. Triangulation enabled comparison of self‐ratings, workshop participant ratings and author evaluation of new facilitators.ResultsFacilitators (N = 7) completed all theory and practical elements of the HMHF facilitator education package and were successfully credentialed in May 2020. Overall, facilitators' competency ratings were highest at Time 3, which followed successful co‐facilitation of at least three HMHF workshops. As expected, facilitators rated their highest need for education/training at baseline. At Time 3, facilitators self‐reported a lower need for education/training for all competency criteria. All facilitators received mean anonymous competency ratings from workshop participants (N = 294), above the predetermined benchmark that was required to become credentialled.ConclusionsThe HMHF competency training programme, based on principles of adult and transformative learning, was effective in training seven HMHF facilitators who were mothers and had suitable professional backgrounds to deliver HMHF workshops. Training supports the fidelity of the HMHF intervention. Further research to evaluate maternal outcomes for participants attending the facilitator‐lead workshops is warranted.
Congenital ataxia due to novel variant in ATP8A2
Authors: Damásio Joana , Santos Diana , Morais Sara , Brás José , Guerreiro Rita , Sardoeira Ana , Cavaco Sara , Carrilho Inês , Barbot Clara , Barros José , Sequeiros Jorge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCongenital ataxias are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by congenital or early‐onset ataxia. Here, we describe two siblings with congenital ataxia, who acquired independent gait by age 4 years. After 16 years of follow‐up they presented near normal cognition, cerebellar ataxia, mild pyramidal signs, and dystonia. On exome sequencing, a novel homozygous variant (c.1580‐18C > G ‐ intron 17) in ATP8A2 was identified. A new acceptor splice site was predicted by bioinformatics tools, and functionally characterized through a minigene assay. Minigene constructs were generated by PCR‐amplification of genomic sequences surrounding the variant of interest and cloning into the pCMVdi vector. Altered splicing was evaluated by expressing these constructs in HEK293T cells. The construct with the c.1580‐18C > G homozygous variant produced an aberrant transcript, leading to retention of 17 bp of intron 17, by the use of an alternative acceptor splice site, resulting in a premature stop codon by insertion of four amino acids. These results allowed us to establish this as a disease‐causing variant and expand ATP8A2‐related disorders to include less severe forms of congenital ataxia.
It is all in the details: A bilateral approach for modelling trade agreements at the tariff line
Authors: Jafari Yaghoob , Himics Mihaly , Britz Wolfgang , Beckman Jayson 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolicymakers are increasingly relying on computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to provide economy‐wide impacts of trade agreements; however, these assessments often make the simplifying assumption of complete bilateral tariff elimination. But agreements typically involve partial tariff elimination for sensitive sectors—which are often differentiated at the tariff line. As such, applying a uniform tariff reduction in a CGE sector that encompasses many products could introduce bias. We propose a tariff line approach for modelling exemptions for sensitive goods in CGE models with the aim of reducing this bias. This approach is tested for the Canada–EU trade agreement, and systematically compared to standard approaches to bilateral trade liberalisation in CGE analysis. We find that more common approaches might systematically overestimate trade and welfare impacts by neglecting partial liberalisation in selected sectors and/or not considering substitution across tariff lines.
Simulating the Acquisition of Verb Inflection in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder in English and Spanish
Authors: Freudenthal Daniel , Ramscar Michael , Leonard Laurence B. , Pine Julian M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) have significant deficits in language ability that cannot be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. The symptoms displayed by children with DLD differ across languages. In English, DLD is often marked by severe difficulties acquiring verb inflection. Such difficulties are less apparent in languages with rich verb morphology like Spanish and Italian. Here we show how these differential profiles can be understood in terms of an interaction between properties of the input language, and the child's ability to learn predictive relations between linguistic elements that are separated within a sentence. We apply a simple associative learning model to sequential English and Spanish stimuli and show how the model's ability to associate cues occurring earlier in time with later outcomes affects the acquisition of verb inflection in English more than in Spanish. We relate this to the high frequency of the English bare form (which acts as a default) and the English process of question formation, which means that (unlike in Spanish) bare forms frequently occur in third‐person singular contexts. Finally, we hypothesize that the pro‐drop nature of Spanish makes it easier to associate person and number cues with the verb inflection than in English. Since the factors that conspire to make English verb inflection particularly challenging for learners with weak sequential learning abilities are much reduced or absent in Spanish, this provides an explanation for why learning Spanish verb inflection is relatively unaffected in children with DLD.