bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Addiction Doesn’t Discriminate”: Colorblind Racism in American Rehab
Authors: Whetstone Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing on ethnography and interviews with recovering men in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, this study explores how two dominant models of American rehab are racialized — coerced treatment theorizing addiction as criminal personality—and a more medicalized, voluntaristic model rooted in the brain disease paradigm. At the “carceral rehab” of “Arcadia House,” staff assumed its majority court-mandated, poor men of color would arrive resistant to reforming their “lifestyle addictions,” justifying treatment backed by (re)incarceration. In contrast, “Healing Bridges” offered its gentler, “medical-restorative rehab” to mostly white, middle-class patients who escaped incarceration despite substantial participation in drug-related crime. While both programs mobilized the colorblind logic that “addiction doesn’t discriminate,” local disparities routed recovering men into vastly different treatments, disproportionately criminalizing the addictions of the Black poor. In a racialized binary operating across the field, Arcadia’s clients of color were viewed as sicker and more out of control than Bridges’ white patients. While Arcadia’s clients required coercive state management, Bridges’ patients were understood as already possessing the capacity for self-management—reinforcing staff’s mission to empower the non-addict within. Distinctions between coerced and voluntary treatment were naturalized and mapped onto recovering men, reproducing race at the most intimate levels of self-making.
Club Cells Are the Primary Target for Permethrin-Induced Mouse Lung Tumor Formation
Authors: Ogata Keiko , Liu Yang , Ohara Ayako , Kawamoto Kensuke , Kondo Miwa , Kobayashi Kumiko , Fukuda Takako , Asano Hiroyuki , Kitamoto Sachiko , Lake Brian G , Cohen Samuel M , Yamada Tomoya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Permethrin has been shown to increase lung adenomas in female CD-1 mice, but not in male mice or Wistar rats. The proposed mode of action (MOA) for permethrin-induced female mouse lung tumor formation involves morphological changes in Club cells; increased Club cell proliferation; increased Club cell hyperplasia, and lung tumor formation. In this study, the treatment of female CD-1 mice with tumorigenic doses (2500 and 5000 ppm) of permethrin, but not with a nontumorigenic dose (20 ppm), for 14 and/or 28 days increased Club cell replicative DNA synthesis. Global gene expression analysis of female mouse lung samples demonstrated that permethrin treatment up-regulated 3 genes associated with cell proliferation, namely aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a1 (Aldh3a1), oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1, and thioredoxin reductase 1. Treatment with 2500 and 5000 ppm, but not 20 ppm, permethrin for 7 days produced significant increases in mRNA levels of these 3 genes. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Club cell secretory protein, CYP2F2, and ALDH3A1 colocalized in Club cells; confirmed by flow cytometry analysis of lung cells employing KI67 as a cell proliferation marker. Overall, the present data extend the proposed MOA by demonstrating that Club cells are the primary initial target of permethrin administration in female mouse lungs. As humans are quantitatively much less sensitive to agents that increase Club cell proliferation and lung tumor formation in mice, it is most likely that permethrin could not produce lung tumors in humans. This conclusion is supported by available negative epidemiological data from several studies.
SMRT and Illumina RNA sequencing reveal the complexity of terpenoid biosynthesis in Zanthoxylum armatum
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Tang Ning , Xu Feng , Chen Zexiong , Zhang Xian , Ye Jiabao , Liao Yongling , Zhang Weiwei , Kim Soo-Un , Wu Peiyin , Cao Zhengyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) is a popular spice and is often prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine to treat vomiting, diarrhea, ascariasis and eczema, among other conditions. Volatile oils from Z. armatum leaves contain active ingredients, with terpenoids being one of the main components. In the present study, the combination of sequencing data of Z. armatum from PacBio single molecule real time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) platforms facilitated an understanding of the gene regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in pepper leaves. The leaves of three developmental stages from two Z. armatum cultivars, ‘Rongchangwuci’ (WC) and ‘Zhuye’ (ZY), were selected as test materials to construct sequencing libraries. A total of 143,122 predictions of unique coding sequences, 105,465 simple sequence repeats, 20,145 transcription factors and 4719 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified, and 142,829 transcripts were successfully annotated. The occurrence of alternative splicing events was verified by reverse transcription PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the expression pattern of six randomly selected lncRNAs. A total of 96,931 differentially expressed genes were filtered from different samples. According to functional annotation, a total of 560 candidate genes were involved in terpenoid synthesis, of which 526 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify the key genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, the module genes in different samples, including structural and transcription factors genes, were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network method, and the co-expression network of genes was constructed. Thirty-one terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The correlation between 18 compounds with significantly different contents and genes with high connectivity in the module was jointly analyzed in both cultivars, yielding 12 candidate DEGs presumably involved in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis. Our findings showed that full-length transcriptome SMRT and Illumina RNA-Seq can play an important role in studying organisms without reference genomes and elucidating the gene regulation of a biosynthetic pathway.
XVIII Bibliography, Textual Criticism, and Reference Works
Authors: Baker William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to Covid-19 and its impact on the supplies of review copies to reviewers, this chapter covering 2019 publications is longer than usual. Thanks are due to Professor Brent E. Kinser, James May, Albert Pionke, Patrick Scott, Shef Rogers, and to our Associate Editors for letting me know what their contributors have been unable to include. It is divided into five sections, and contents may overlap: 1. Periodicals; 2. Editions; 3. Bibliography and Associated Books and Articles; 4. History and Companions; 5. Shakespeare, History of Libraries, Collections, and Miscellaneous including Reference Materials
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor of Thelazia callipaeda induces M2‐like macrophage polarization through TLR4‐mediated activation of the PI3K‐Akt pathway
Authors: Cai Juan , Huang Lin , Tang Hongri , Xu Hongling , Wang Lingjun , Zheng Minghui , Yu Hongsong , Liu Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an immunoregulatory cytokine plays an important role in inflammation and the immune response, and has been described as having a potential role in immune evasion by parasites. Thelazia callipaeda, a vector‐borne zoonotic eye worm with a broad host range, has been documented as an agent of ocular infection of thelaziosis. The ability of T. callipaeda to persist in an immunologically competent host has led to the suggestion that it has evolved specific measures to counter immune defenses. To date, whether the immune evasion of T. callipaeda is related to MIF and the possible related signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have remained unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of T. callipaeda MIF (T. cp‐MIF) on macrophages. We analyzed the antigenic epitopes of the candidate T. cp‐MIF and found that it exhibited an ideal antigenic index. Morphology, Flow cytometry, and cytokine analysis showed that T. cp‐MIF induced the dynamic polarization of THP‐1 macrophages from the M1‐like phenotype to the M2‐like phenotype. The chemotaxis assay revealed an inhibitory effect of T. cp‐MIF on THP‐1 macrophages. Western blotting suggested that, compared to the control, THP‐1 macrophages exposed to T. cp‐MIF had higher TLR4 protein expression and the phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K) ‐Akt pathway activation. In conclusion, T. cp‐MIF induces M2‐like macrophage polarization through TLR4‐mediated activation of the PI3K‐Akt pathway, which might provide a basis for future research on how it affects the immune system of the host.
Effectiveness of Semiocclusive Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers and Hydrocolloid Dressings for Irritant Peristomal Dermatitis: A Case Series
Authors: Collado-Boira Eladio , Boldo-Roda Pilar , Bernat-Adell María Desamparados , Morar Kavita Gandhi , Ayora Ana Folch , Medina Pablo Salas 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The most common complication in individuals with ostomies is irritant contact dermatitis from the acidic stoma effluent coming into contact with the peristomal skin. Although protective powders are widely used for the treatment of peristomal skin, there is little scientific evidence to justify their use. The combined use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose cellulose fibers (SCCFs) together with a hydrocolloid dressing for fixation is an effective alternative in the management of these wounds. Here, the authors report a case series of three patients presenting at a stoma therapy clinic with peristomal skin lesions because of severe irritant contact dermatitis. Patients were men aged between 70 and 81 years, had been diagnosed with colon cancer (n = 2) or bladder cancer (n = 1), and had undergone a colostomy (n = 1), ileostomy (n = 1), or Bricker-type ureteroileostomy (n = 1). A semiocclusive care protocol was applied in a moist environment using SCCF and an extrathin hydrocolloid adhesive dressing, and the collection device was secured using adhesive resin and an ostomy belt. The combined use of SCCF and hydrocolloid dressings provided beneficial results to treat the dermatitis, with reduced discomfort after 7 days and lesions healing within 4 weeks.
Protective Dressings, Injury, and Device Failure in Preterm Infants Receiving Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rezaei Parvane , Jafari-Mianaei Soheila , Sadeghnia Alireza , Heidari Zahra 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the protective effect of a hydrocolloid nasal dressing on the incidence and severity of nasal injury and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure in preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP (N-CPAP).

METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was conducted over 4 months in 2019 at level 3 neonatal ICUs in two hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Eighty eligible infants were born at 32 weeks of gestation or younger and/or with a birth weight of 1,500 g or less and had received between 4 and 72 hours of CPAP. Infants were randomly assigned to two groups; the intervention group used a protective dressing, and the control group received routine care. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and nasal injury assessment score chart.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The incidence and severity of nasal injury in preterm infants undergoing N-CPAP.

RESULTS
Infants in the intervention group had a significantly lower incidence and severity of nasal injury compared with the control group: 15 of 40 (37.5%) versus 37 of 40 (92.5%; P < .001). Overall, the injuries identified in this study were mostly mild and moderate, with only three severe injuries in the intervention group and five in the control group. No significant differences were detected in CPAP failure (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS
The studied nasal barrier dressing is a safe and convenient solution to reduce nasal injury in preterm infants receiving N-CPAP.
Vacuum-Assisted Therapy for Combined Volar-Dorsal Soft-Tissue Defects of the Hand: A Case Report
Authors: Klein David S. , Yingling John M. , Patel Priya , Capo John T. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Application of negative-pressure wound therapy dressings to the web spaces and small, often moist, areas of the hand can be technically demanding and time consuming. The researchers present a case report and technique for managing a devastating hand infection and soft-tissue defects by creating a self-fabricated sponge glove that is easily reproducible. Vacuum-assisted therapy for combined volar dorsal soft-tissue defects of the hand, or “Hand Vac,” is a novel approach for treating extensive hand wounds. This technique was used in a patient with diabetes with a deep space infection of the hand following serial debridements and antibiotic bead therapy. A single, medium-size sponge was cut using a knife and scissors to create an easily applied glove that was then sealed with adhesive dressing and a single suction port. The patient avoided complete amputation of the hand and deep infection was eradicated. The wounds had progressive granulation and healing and were eventually covered with split-thickness skin grafts. The authors conclude that severe soft-tissue defects involving both the volar and dorsal aspects of the hand can be effectively managed with a single glove-like sponge and suction port.
Evolution in the Acute Management of Open Fracture Treatment? Part 1
Authors: Sagi Henry C. , Patzakis Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Despite decades of advancement in wound debridement, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, fracture stabilization, and soft tissue reconstruction, infection remains a serious complication after open fracture. Inconclusive historical data and new challenges with resistant organisms and antimicrobial stewardship having created a difficult environment within which to develop sound, evidence-based treatment protocols that can be applied universally. The first part of this 2-part series will synthesize the historical perspective along with the current concepts surrounding bacteriology and antibiotic use/stewardship. Part 2 will analyze and summarize the current literature regarding the management of open fracture and prevention of subsequent infection.
Numerous authors from Hippocrates to Larrey noted that superior results were obtained with an early aggressive debridement of necrotic tissue after wounding.
1–7
Historically, the usual outcome after open fracture was infection, sepsis, amputation, and death before the introduction of antibiotics.
8–11
As recently as the first half of the 20th century, surgeons argued that if an appropriate debridement was performed, antibiotics were not necessary and advocated against their routine use over concern for resistant organisms.
The current period of open fracture treatment (starting in the 1970s) heralded a more scientific era with critical evaluation of antibiotics, surgical debridement, and the development of standardized evidence-based protocols. This era began with 3 classic articles by Patzakis and Gustilo that, to this day, remain central to the discussion of infection prevention after open fractures.
12–14

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a Complete description of levels of evidence.
Radiography of the Distal Radius
Authors: Gray Robert R. L. , Foremny Gregory , Lee Susan , Greditzer Tate 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
Imaging of the distal radius is of paramount importance in diagnosing injuries, indicating patients for operative or nonoperative treatment, and appropriately following patients for associated injuries and complications. Plain radiographs and fluoroscopy are the dominant imaging modalities in all settings because they are readily available and provide valuable information about the osseous structures and any instrumentation. Computed tomography can offer more information about implant placement and the level of comminution of the articular surfaces but is more expensive and exposes patients to higher doses of radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging is less commonly used but is useful for occult fractures and other associated injuries. Ultrasonography is gaining popularity in evaluating implant placement, especially regarding tendon impingement and subsequent tendon injury.
Improving Timeliness of Antibiotic Administration Using a Provider and Pharmacist Facing Sepsis Early Warning System in the Emergency Department Setting: A Randomized Controlled Quality Improvement Initiative*
Authors: Tarabichi Yasir , Cheng Aurelia , Bar-Shain David , McCrate Brian M. , Reese Lewis H. , Emerman Charles , Siff Jonathan , Wang Christine , Kaelber David C. , Watts Brook , Hecker Michelle T. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Results of pre-post intervention studies of sepsis early warning systems have been mixed, and randomized clinical trials showing efficacy in the emergency department setting are lacking. Additionally, early warning systems can be resource-intensive and may cause unintended consequences such as antibiotic or IV fluid overuse. We assessed the impact of a pharmacist and provider facing sepsis early warning systems on timeliness of antibiotic administration and sepsis-related clinical outcomes in our setting.

DESIGN:
A randomized, controlled quality improvement initiative.

SETTING:
The main emergency department of an academic, safety-net healthcare system from August to December 2019.

PATIENTS:
Adults presenting to the emergency department.

INTERVENTION:
Patients were randomized to standard sepsis care or standard care augmented by the display of a sepsis early warning system–triggered flag in the electronic health record combined with electronic health record–based emergency department pharmacist notification.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary process measure was time to antibiotic administration from arrival. A total of 598 patients were included in the study over a 5-month period (285 in the intervention group and 313 in the standard care group). Time to antibiotic administration from emergency department arrival was shorter in the augmented care group than that in the standard care group (median, 2.3 hr [interquartile range, 1.4–4.7 hr] vs 3.0 hr [interquartile range, 1.6–5.5 hr]; p = 0.039). The hierarchical composite clinical outcome measure of days alive and out of hospital at 28 days was greater in the augmented care group than that in the standard care group (median, 24.1 vs 22.5 d; p = 0.011). Rates of fluid resuscitation and antibiotic utilization did not differ.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this single-center randomized quality improvement initiative, the display of an electronic health record–based sepsis early warning system–triggered flag combined with electronic health record–based pharmacist notification was associated with shorter time to antibiotic administration without an increase in undesirable or potentially harmful clinical interventions.
Antidepressant Discontinuation
Authors: Vinkers Christiaan H. , Ruhé Henricus G. , Penninx Brenda W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The topic of patients’ discontinuing use of antidepressants has received increasing attention. Patients and physicians can encounter challenges regarding the three major questions in the field of antidepressant discontinuation: who can discontinue, what is the best time to discontinue; and what is the best method to discontinue.

Methods
This commentary summarizes the current state of the evidence related to antidepressant discontinuation.

Results
There is limited evidence underlying the extremely relevant clinical topic of antidepressant discontinuation. It is poorly understood which patients, after response to antidepressants, benefit (most) from discontinuation. Moreover, established and validated markers of an individual’s risk of relapse after antidepressant cessation are lacking, and non-sponsored discontinuation studies are rare. Many discontinuation studies do not distinguish between relapse and antidepressant discontinuation symptoms, and very few studies compared different discontinuation strategies, with none of the compared strategies exceeding 2 weeks of tapering. Finally, blinding of discontinuation strategies is often insufficient to properly address placebo and nocebo aspects, whereas the pharmacological characteristics of different antidepressants in relation to discontinuation have hardly been studied.

Conclusions
Antidepressant discontinuation is a clinically relevant topic. There is a strong need for more robust evidence to indicate who can discontinue antidepressants, when and in which manner (how). Blinded randomized controlled trials are pivotal to optimally advise physicians, patients and policy-makers. This scientific knowledge can guide evidence-based decision making in clinical practice.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among Fighter Aviators in the United States Air Force
Authors: Webber Bryant J. , Tacke Crystal D. , Wolff Gregory G. , Rutherford Ashley E. , Erwin William J. , Escobar James D. , Simon Alisa A. , Reed Brian H. , Whitaker Justin G. , Gambino-Shirley Kelly J. , Stuever David M. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
This study sought to clarify cancer risk in fighter aviators.

Methods:
US Air Force officers who served between 1970 and 2004 were followed through 2018 for incidence and mortality of 10 cancers: colon and rectum; pancreas; melanoma skin; prostate; testis; urinary bladder; kidney and renal pelvis; brain and other nervous system; thyroid; and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fighter aviators were compared with other officers and the general US population.

Results:
Compared with other officers, male fighter aviators had greater adjusted odds of developing testis, melanoma skin, and prostate cancers; mortality odds were similar for all cancers. When compared with the US population, male fighter aviators were more likely to develop and die from melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Conclusions:
Military fighter aviation may be associated with slightly increased risk of certain cancers.
Impact of Medication Adherence on Healthcare Resource Utilization, Work Loss, and Associated Costs in a Privately Insured Employed Population Treated With Adalimumab in the United States
Authors: Mittal Manish , Yang Min , Shah Manan , Gao Wei , Carley Christopher , Sherman Bruce W. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of adherence to adalimumab on all-cause work loss, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and direct medical and indirect costs over 2 years using real-world data.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using a large, United States administrative claims database. Adult patients treated with adalimumab were grouped into adherent and non-adherent cohorts and followed for up to 2 years. Outcomes were compared between cohorts.

Results:
Over 2 years, adherent patients had $10,214 lower per patient medical and indirect costs compared to non-adherent patients, resulting from lower HRU, fewer days of absenteeism, and lower rates of work loss events.

Conclusion:
Patient and societal benefits of adherence to adalimumab are significant over 2 years. These findings highlight the importance of policies aimed at improving adherence to self-administrated medications.