bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Structure of Hydrolytic Methylaluminoxane Activators
Authors: Collins Scott , Joshi Anuj , Linnolahti Mikko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMethylaluminoxane (MAO) activators have sheet structures which form ion‐pairs on reaction of neutral donors such as octamethyltrisiloxane (OMTS). The ion‐pairs can be detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) in polar media. The growth of these reactive precursors during hydrolysis of Me3Al can be monitored using ESI‐MS. Density functional theory, combined with numerical simulation of growth, indicates that this process involves rapid formation of low MW oligomers, followed by assembly of these species into low MW sheets. These can grow through further addition of low MW oligomers or by fusion into larger sheets. The mechanism of these growth processes leads to the prediction that even‐numbered sheets should be favored, and this surprising result is confirmed by ESI‐MS monitoring experiments of both activator growth and MAO aging.
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Authors: Wagaskar Vinayak G. , Sobotka Stanislaw , Ratnani Parita , Young James , Lantz Anna , Parekh Sneha , Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Li Li , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Punnen Sanoj , Wiklund Peter , Tewari Ash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Original Article A 4K score/MRI based nomogram for predicting prostate cancer, clinically significant prostate cancer and unfavorable prostate cancer by Vinayak Wagaskar et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1357.
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Overview of Methods for Purification and Characterization of Metalloproteins
Authors: Harnden Kevin A. , Roy Anindya , Hosseinzadeh Parisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetalloproteins make up one third of all proteins and perform some of the most essential reactions on earth. The unique properties of the metal ions within these proteins, and in particular of redox‐active metal ions, enables the use of a number of characterization techniques. It also necessitates unique considerations in terms of purification and characterization. In this overview, we describe the considerations and methods used for metalloprotein purification and characterization. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Rolling pits of Hartmann’s mountain zebra (Zebra equus hartmannae) increase vegetation diversity and landscape heterogeneity in the Pre‐Namib
Authors: Wagner Thomas C. , Uiseb Kenneth , Fischer Christina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrosites created by soil‐disturbing animals are important landscape elements in arid environments. In the Pre‐Namib, dust‐bathing behavior of the near‐endemic Hartmann's mountain zebra creates unique rolling pits that persist in the landscape. However, the ecohydrological characteristics and the effects of those microsites on the vegetation and on organisms of higher trophic levels are still unknown. In our study, we characterized the soil grain size composition and infiltration properties of rolling pits and reference sites and recorded vegetation and arthropod assemblages during the rainy season of five consecutive years with different amounts of seasonal rainfall. We further used the excess green vegetation index derived from drone imagery to demonstrate the different green up and wilting of pits and references after a rainfall event. In contrast to the surrounding grassland, rolling pits had finer soil with higher nutrient content, collected runoff, showed a higher infiltration, and kept soil moisture longer. Vegetation in the rolling pits was denser, dominated by annual forbs and remained green for longer periods. The denser vegetation resulted in a slightly higher activity density of herbivorous arthropods, which in turn increased the activity density of omnivorous and predatory arthropods. In times of drought, the rolling pits could act as safe sites and refuges for forbs and arthropods. With their rolling pits, Hartmann's mountain zebras act as ecosystem engineers, contributing to the diversity of forb communities and heterogeneity of the landscape in the Pre‐Namib.
Direct Difluoromethylation of Heterocycles through Photosensitized Electron Transfer
Authors: Dai Peng , Li Chenxiao , Li Yufei , Zhu Yuchuan , Teng Peng , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Wei‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifluoromethylation is of prime importance for its applicability in functionalizing diverse fluorine‐containing heterocycles, which are core groups in diverse biologically and pharmacologically active ingredients. Herein, we report a novel transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free visible light‐photoinduced protocol for direct C(sp2)‐H difluoromethylation of heterocycles. The reaction afforded difluoromethyl heterocycles without using colored organic dyes and metal catalysts in good yields and showed a broad substrate tolerance. Moreover, the representative products exhibited potential drug activity, and one product showed good antifungal activities against Rhizoctorzia solani (62.7 %).
Advances in solid lithium ion electrolyte based on the composites of polymer and LLTO/LLZO of rare earth oxides
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Kun , Wen Yajing , Kong Yaqi , Wen Yuhao , Zhang Qi , Liu Nailiang , Li Junpeng , Ma Chunjie , Du Yaping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComposite solid electrolyte is a promising solution for the development of new generation of safe and high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). It combines both the advantages of inorganic electrolyte and organic polymer electrolyte, having high ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, good contact with the electrodes and high processability. In the recent decades, rare earth oxides have attracted wide attentions from researchers because of their high ionic conductivity. China is abundant in rare earth resources, so has a good chance to provide the world with high quality rare earth containing functional materials. This review paper focuses on the recent progress in the studies of composite solid electrolyte of polymer and rare earth containing lithium lanthanum zirconium and lithium lanthanum titanium oxides, and gains insights into the challenges in the field, and hopefully helps in the rational design of high performance electrolyte for the development of ASSLBs.
Combustion characteristics of PMMA sheets with different equivalent diameters in still air
Authors: Gou Fuhai , Jiang Lin , Xiao Huahua , Li Mi , Sun Jinhua 
Published: August 2021

SummaryTo investigate the combustion characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a series of experiments of PMMA combustion with different sample shapes and sizes in still air are performed. A digital video camera and an electronic balance are used to record the combustion process and variation of mass, particularly. The effects of equivalent diameter on combustion are discussed and analyzed, respectively, to well adapt in dimensionless analysis methods. Flame pulsation during the stable burning stage is studied by similarity theory and dimensionless analysis methods. Experimental and theoretical results show that correlations between flame pulsation and equivalent diameters in PMMA burning are similar to that of pool fires, that is, flame pulsation frequency is inversely related to the square root of equivalent diameter. In addition, the corresponding theoretical analysis of heat and mass transfer processes is studied. Convection and radiation heat transfer were calculated and modeled for each shape and sample size. Based on the heat transfer calculation results, sample mass loss rate for each sample size was predicted, and it is in good agreement with the experimental result. Finally, a dimensionless heat release rate for different sample size was scaled with dimensionless flame height.
Coherent neural oscillations inform early stroke motor recovery
Authors: Cassidy Jessica M. , Wodeyar Anirudh , Srinivasan Ramesh , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeural oscillations may contain important information pertaining to stroke rehabilitation. This study examined the predictive performance of electroencephalography‐derived neural oscillations following stroke using a data‐driven approach. Individuals with stroke admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility completed a resting‐state electroencephalography recording and structural neuroimaging around the time of admission and motor testing at admission and discharge. Using a lasso regression model with cross‐validation, we determined the extent of motor recovery (admission to discharge change in Functional Independence Measurement motor subscale score) prediction from electroencephalography, baseline motor status, and corticospinal tract injury. In 27 participants, coherence in a 1–30 Hz band between leads overlying ipsilesional primary motor cortex and 16 leads over bilateral hemispheres predicted 61.8% of the variance in motor recovery. High beta (20–30 Hz) and alpha (8–12 Hz) frequencies contributed most to the model demonstrating both positive and negative associations with motor recovery, including high beta leads in supplementary motor areas and ipsilesional ventral premotor and parietal regions and alpha leads overlying contralesional temporal–parietal and ipsilesional parietal regions. Electroencephalography power, baseline motor status, and corticospinal tract injury did not significantly predict motor recovery during hospitalization (R2 = 0–6.2%). Findings underscore the relevance of oscillatory synchronization in early stroke rehabilitation while highlighting contributions from beta and alpha frequency bands and frontal, parietal, and temporal–parietal regions overlooked by traditional hypothesis‐driven prediction models.
Ferritin level: A predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Alroomi Moudhi , Rajan Rajesh , Omar Abdulaziz A. , Alsaber Ahmad , Pan Jiazhu , Fatemi Mina , Zhanna Kobalava D. , Aboelhassan Wael , Almutairi Farah , Alotaibi Naser , Saleh Mohammad A. , AlNasrallah Noor , Al‐Bader Bader , Malhas Haya , Ramadhan Maryam , Abdullah Mohammed , Abdelnaby Hassan 
Published: August 2021

АbstrасtIntroductionThis study aims to investigate in‐hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 раtients strаtified by serum ferritin levels.MethodsPatients were stratified based on ferritin levels (ferritin levels ≤ 1000 or >1000).ResultsApproximately 89% (118) of the patients with ferritin levels > 1000 had pneumonia, and 51% (67) had hypertension. Fever (97, 73.5%) and shortness of breath (80, 61%) were two major symptoms among the patients in this group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ferritin level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.62; p < .001), male sex (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.43–5.06; p = .003), hypertension (OR = 4.16, 95% CI = 2.42–7.36; p < .001) and pneumonia (OR = 8.48, 95% CI = 3.02–35.45; p < .001) had significance in predicting in‐hospital mortality. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival probability plot showed a higher mortality rate among patients with ferritin levels > 1000.ConclusionIn this study, higher levels of serum ferritin were found to be an independent predictor of in‐hоsрitаl mоrtаlity.
Considerations and approaches to expansion of solid organ transplant pharmacist services
Authors: Doligalski Christina Teeter , Anger Lyndsey Bowman , Dick Travis , Feist Ashley , Harris Matt , Masters Brian , Pilch Nicole , Quan David , Sparkes Tracy , Suarez Tricia , Yakubu Idris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolid organ transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for thousands of people with irreversible end organ diseases. A multidisciplinary approach with inclusion of a pharmacist in the care of transplant recipients is highly desired and may necessitate the addition of transplant pharmacy resources to existing teams to meet these growing needs. By understanding and leveraging the current landscape of leadership priorities, gathering the data to help define the value of pharmacy services, and compiling a formal proposal, one can systematically approach expansion of clinical pharmacy services. This manuscript seeks to provide a framework that can be utilized by pharmacy and transplant administrators, transplant pharmacists, and advocates for transplant pharmacy services for the purpose of evaluating, proposing, and successfully expanding the number of transplant pharmacist resources, including example job descriptions, return on investment examples, and key publications demonstrating the benefit of transplant and pharmacy services.
Requirements for successful mitochondrial transplantation
Authors: Kubat Gokhan Burcin , Ulger Oner , Akin Senay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaintenance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and other mitochondrial functions are essential for the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction‐related diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and liver diseases. To date, no well‐known treatment modality has been developed to prevent or reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. However, a novel approach that transplants fully functional mitochondria directly into defective cells has recently caught the attention of scientists. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell/tissue source of the mitochondria to prompt cell regeneration or tissue repair in vitro and in vivo applications. The animal and human models entail that effective procedures should be used in the isolation and confirmation of mitochondrial membrane potential and function. We believe that these procedures for mitochondrial transplantation for tissue or cell culture will confirm intact, viable, and free from contamination isolated mitochondria from the appropriate sources.
Lutein exerts its cardioprotective effect against the experimental model of isoprenaline‐induced myocardial infarction via MIAT/miR‐200a/Nrf2/TXINP pathway
Authors: Abdelmonem Maha , Ibrahim Sherehan M. , Essam Reham M. , Amin Hebat Allah A. , Abd‐Elmawla Mai A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lutein (LU) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of LU in isoprenaline (ISO)‐induced MI and to explore its molecular mechanisms of action. AMI was induced by two consecutive subcutaneous doses of ISO (65 mg/kg; s.c.). The LU group was pretreated with LU (20 mg/kg; p.o.) for 30 days followed by ISO injections on Days 29 and 30. ISO group showed elevated serum creatine kinas‐MB (CK‐MB) and considerable electrocardiographic changes along with reduced ejection fraction compared to the normal group. LU pretreatment could decrease serum CK‐MB activity, normalize QRS and QTc intervals and restore ejection fraction compared to the untreated group. The ISO group demonstrated infarcted‐like lesions, which were ameliorated in the LU‐pretreated group. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed upregulated cardiac troponin T (cTn T) and desmin expressions in the LU‐pretreated group. LU pretreatment also enhanced cardiac thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) contents as well as reduced lipid peroxidation, compared to the untreated group. Importantly, LU pretreatment could downregulate long noncoding MI associated transcript (lncRNA MIAT) and thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and augment micro RNA (miR)‐200a and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions compared to the ISO group. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation between MIAT and miR‐200a was observed. In conclusion, this study revealed that LU could ameliorate ISO‐induced MI in rats by modulating MIAT/miR‐200a/Nrf2 pathway.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Safety Relationships of Alisertib in Children and Adolescents With Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Mould Diane R. , Yuan Ying , Fox Elizabeth , Greengard Emily , Faller Douglas V. , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure‐safety analyses of alisertib were performed in children enrolled in 2 clinical trials: NCT02444884 and NCT01154816. NCT02444884 was a dose‐finding study in children with relapsed/refractory solid malignancies (phase 1) or neuroblastomas (phase 2). Patients received oral alisertib 45 to 100 mg/m2 as powder‐in‐capsule once daily or twice daily for 7 days in 21‐day cycles. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing on cycle 1, day 1. NCT01154816 was a phase 2 single‐arm study evaluating efficacy in children with relapsed/refractory solid malignancies or acute leukemias. Patients received alisertib 80 mg/m2 as enteric‐coated tablets once daily for 7 days in 21‐day cycles. Sparse PK samples were collected up to 8 hours after dosing on cycle 1, day 1. Sources of alisertib PK variability were characterized and quantified using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to support dosing recommendations in children and adolescents. A 2‐compartment model with oral absorption described by 3 transit compartments was developed using data from 146 patients. Apparent oral clearance and central distribution volume were correlated with body surface area across the age range of 2 to 21 years, supporting the use of body surface area–based alisertib dosing in the pediatric population. The recommended dose of 80 mg/m2 once daily enteric‐coated tablets provided similar alisertib exposures across pediatric age groups and comparable exposure to that in adults receiving 50 mg twice daily (recommended adult dose). Statistically significant relationships (P < .01) were observed between alisertib exposures and incidence of grade ≥2 stomatitis and febrile neutropenia, consistent with antiproliferative mechanism‐related toxicities.
A commentary on strategic extraction
Authors: Kao Richard T. , Lin Guo‐Hao , Kapila Yvonne , Sadowsky Steven , Curtis Donald A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in strategies to maintain compromised teeth combined with a greater understanding of risks associated with dental implants invite a reassessment of the benefits of strategic extraction of a tooth with a questionable prognosis or of limited strategic value.MethodsEvidence of the management of compromised teeth and decision making for strategic extraction was reviewed. Additionally, the risks for peri‐implantitis were evaluated from the perspective of patient centric, biologic, and biomechanical complications.ResultsRecent clinical innovations support a more predictable maintenance of compromised dentition, and the clinical literature provides evidence of the risks associated with dental implants.ConclusionsBecause of the improvements in dental management of compromised dentition, strategic extraction should be deferred, whenever possible, to avoid complications associated with peri‐implantitis.
Public health risks arising from food supply chains: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chen Lu , Guttieres Donovan , Levi Retsef , Paulson Elisabeth , Perakis Georgia , Renegar Nicholas , Springs Stacy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSafe, healthy, and resilient food supply chains are essential to ensuring the livelihood and well‐being of humans and societies, as well as local and global economies. However, the ability to provide and sustain access to nutritious and safe food continues to be a major concern and a challenge for almost any country around the world, including developed countries. Some serious and global public health risks arise from food supply chains. These include food safety and adulteration risks in which unsafe food is sold for human consumption, antimicrobial resistance risks that are becoming increasingly prevalent due to the overuse of antibiotics, zoonotic disease risks (i.e., viruses and diseases that transfer from animals to humans through food supply chains), food waste, and also food security issues such as food deserts and the diet disparity among different segments of the population. This article gives an introduction to these various risks and reviews directions in the current academic literature to address these challenges. The article also seeks to highlight important new research directions in these areas, and especially those that might be of significant interest to the operations research community.
Reliability and validity of the reduced Spanish version of the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale
Authors: Silva‐Tubio José R. , Oliver‐Roig Antonio , Perpiñá‐Galvañ Juana , Richart‐Martínez Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding self‐efficacy is a relevant predictor of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life. The Prenatal Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale (PBSES) is a 20‐item tool developed to determine breastfeeding self‐efficacy during pregnancy. Our study aimed to assess the structural validity and psychometric characteristics of the PBSES and to explore item reduction according to the statistical criteria for parsimony and incremental validity. In this study, conducted in six hospitals in eastern Spain, we recruited 1183 women with healthy, full‐term, single‐birth newborns. Data on sociodemographic, breastfeeding‐related variables, and the PBSES, were obtained from self‐administered questionnaires during the third trimester of pregnancy, at postpartum discharge, and 5 months postpartum, and from a phone survey 12 months postpartum. Item reduction was conducted after revising the PBSES item floor and ceiling effects, interitem correlations, and item–score relationships with breastfeeding‐status variables during follow‐up. The factorial structure of the short form of the PBSES (PBSES‐SF) was tested using both exploratory and confirmatory approaches. After item reduction, the confirmatory factor analysis of the 12 remaining items of the PBSES‐SF revealed adequate fit statistics for a three‐factor structure and a second‐order factor. Internal consistency was measured using the Cronbach's α coefficient of the PBSES‐SF (0.86). We provided evidence on the discriminant validity of the PBSES‐SF by comparing its scores between known groups, convergent validity by examining its correlations with other variables, and predictive validity by assessing the association of PBSES‐SF scores with breastfeeding behavior at critical points in time during the first postpartum year.
Laminate design, optimization, and testing of an innovative carbon fiber‐reinforced composite sandwich panel for high‐speed train
Authors: Tang Juan , Zhou Zhiping , Chen Hao , Wang Shiyou , Gutiérrez Asier , Zhang Chi , Deng Jiakang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn innovative type of carbon fiber‐reinforced composite corrugated rib sandwich panel floor structure was designed and produced for a high‐speed train equipment compartment, complying with the applicable railway car body structural requirements and railway fire protection standards. Using the finite element analysis (FEA) method there was conducted a four‐step laminate design optimization for adjusting the mechanical properties of both the skin and corrugated ribs parts. A prototype was manufactured by an autoclave process and successfully submitted to static and fatigue mechanical testing for evaluation of the strength and stiffness of this structure as well as for correlation with the FEA model. It was finally concluded that requirements were met for this lightweight design and the weight reduction was approximately of 35.7% in comparison to the conventional metal structure. The research shown in this article does not only provide an effective carbon fiber composite equipment design scheme for the floor panel for high‐speed trains, but also entails a methodical design process for other applications of carbon fiber composite structural parts.