bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjuntivo en oraciones independientes
Authors: Sánchez López Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, three cases of grammatical variation in Spanish are studied in which a subjunctive verb alternates with another verbal mood in a main clause: optative main sentences with a bare subjunctive verb (alternating with optative main sentences introduced by a conjunction or an adverb); declarative and interrogative sentences with a subjunctive verb (alternating with a conditional verb); and «retrospective imperative» sentences (where the subjunctive mood alternates with a perfect infinitive). It is proposed that, in the varieties where these main clauses with a subjunctive verb are possible, the subjunctive mood has a performative value and satisfies the illocutionary properties in Force associated with sentential modality. The performative value of subjunctive is associated with anirrealismodal base, which is provided by the lexical meaning of a modal verb or by the past perfect temporal anchoring of tense. The proposal shows that the same conditions constraint the three constructions under study and explains the coincidence between the varieties that allow the performative subjunctive (or use it more frequently).
Modeling the bioclimatic range of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in conditions of global climate change
Authors: Avtaeva T. A. , Sukhodolskaya R. A. , Brygadyrenko V. V. 
Published: June 2021

At present, climate change significantly affects living organisms on the planet, leading to transformations in their niches, ranges and abundance. The aim of our work was to forecast the range of the representative of the large family Carabidae, famous for its indicative characters, richness and importance in soil communities. We used 19 bioclimatic variables of Bioclim according to our own data and the data of GBIF with the help of the MaxEnt program. We used 550 coordinates of ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) records. We distinguished the potential range the species studied and drew prognostic maps of the species’ distribution related to climate change according to four scenarios. Mean annual temperatures and the mean temperature in the warmest and the coldest quarters of the year were the major factors affecting spatial distribution of P. melanarius. Visualization of potential range according to RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 scenarios predicted range reduction by 2050 but its recovery by 2070. According to RCP 8.5 scenario, the range of the species studied will be significantly transformed: by 2070 the range will shift towards the north-west in the continental European states but to the northeast – in the coastal states. By 2070 almost all southern territories of Europe will become unsuitable for P. melanarius survival. The most visible changes will be the shift in range to the north in the eastern part of the European plain. The comfort conditions for P. melanarius decrease in mountain regions including the Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus and Urals. By 2070, the cenotic optimum significantly decreases on the Balkan Peninsula. Thus, a sharp reduction in Southern European and Mediterranean populations is predicted.
From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety
Authors: Hewson John C. , Zhou Hanwei , Parmananda Mukul , Shurtz Randy C. , Mukherjee Partha P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnergy storage using lithium-ion cells dominates consumer electronics and is rapidly becoming predominant in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, but the high energy densities attained lead to the potential for release of this stored chemical energy. This article introduces some of the paths by which this energy might be unintentionally released, relating cell material properties to the physical processes associated with this potential release. The selected paths focus on the anode–electrolyte and cathode–electrolyte interactions that are of typical concern for current and near-future systems. Relevant material processes include bulk phase transformations, bulk diffusion, surface reactions, transport limitations across insulating passivation layers, and the potential for more complex material structures to enhance safety. We also discuss the development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for this energy release and give examples of the application of these models to gain further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.
On the question of the potential of human rights commissioners in the Russian Federation to develop human rights and freedom law enforcement practices (based on the experience of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Saburskaya S. Kh. 
Published: June 2021

To date, in public opinion, as well as in the scientific community, there have been polar assessments of the activities of the ombudsmen in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Ombudsman): from “bureau for redirecting complaints” to “a unique institution for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms”. The spectrum of opinions, as a rule, is formed through the study of analytical materials (annual and special reports), or it can be formed from the subjective experience of a researcher (respondent) addressing the Ombudsman, taking into account the results of a specific complaint consideration.The activities of ombudsmen to ensure state protection of human and civil rights and freedoms are quite versatile.Therefore, in this article, we made an attempt to analyze the human rights activities of the Ombudsman not from the standpoint of the effectiveness of decisions made on complaints received in a particular sphere of relations, but through the prism of its ability to generally influence the law enforcement practice of state authorities, local governments and organizations, performing publicly significant functions.
Mobiliario en el México del Movimiento Moderno: razones y procedencias
Authors: Segarra Lagunes Silvia 
Published: June 2021

El desarrollo del Movimiento moderno coincide con el final de la Revolución Mexicana en la segunda década del siglo XX. La existencia de un importante ambiente intelectual y artístico permitió el desarrollo de profesionales, principalmente arquitectos, los cuales dedicaron toda su actividad profesional o parte de ella, al diseño de mobiliario acorde con los movimientos de vanguardia. Entre otros objetivos estaba el de colocar a México entre los países de vanguardia, en consonancia con las propuestas internacionales del racionalismo arquitectónico. El proceso tuvo lugar principalmente en los años comprendidos entre 1930 y 1960. El mobiliario moderno puede acotarse en tres direcciones: mobiliario fabricado industrialmente para uso público, mobiliario doméstico y mobiliario utilizado en el contexto de los despachos de decoración.
Aresta, muebles y complementos para la arquitectura
Authors: Celada Prior Guillem 
Published: June 2021

“Aresta, complementos para la arquitectura” es la declaración de principios con la que esta firma de muebles, activa en Barcelona (1962-1985), presentó su primer catálogo. Esta premisa se convirtió en una realidad ya que muchos arquitectos (también interioristas y particulares) usaron sus muebles para viviendas, entradas en edificios y pisos muestra.
Su catálogo se componía de elementos de mobiliario en madera, recuperando el trabajo de los racionalistas locales anteriores a la guerra civil. Con rasgos mediterráneos y referencias al mueble popular se desmarca del estilo funcionalista.
Aresta también demuestra su sensibilidad por las apuestas expositivas y publicitarias que, usando los lenguajes del arte conceptual, promueve una imagen de empresa, que poco tenia que ver con los recursos comunicativos habituales del sector.
En la experiencia que representa Aresta queda implícita la responsabilidad social del mueble y del diseño. Un componente ideológico muy evidente en arquitectura y a veces no tanto en lo que a mobiliario se refiere.
Interaction of seismic waves with a viscous liquid layer
Authors: Fehler Michael 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe interaction of seismic waves with a layer filled with a viscous fluid is studied. This study is intended to provide the basis for designing active seismic experiments to detect the existence of hydraulically induced fractures in a Hot Dry Rock Geothermal energy system. We compute transmission and reflection coefficients for P, SV, and SH waves incident at arbitrary angles onto a fluid layer embedded between two homogeneous half-spaces. We find that coefficients for SH waves at normal incidence can be written in terms of two dimensionless parameters. One of these parameters, I, is the ratio of acoustic impedance of the fluid to the acoustic impedance of the solid. The other dimensionless parameter, γd, is a measure of the amount of energy the SH wave loses during one pass through the fluid layer. We find that the amplitude of the SH wave transmitted through the fluid layer is equal to the amplitude of the incident SH wave if I is nearly 1 and γd is small. As γd increases, energy is lost due to viscous dissipation in the fluid and transmitted wave amplitude diminishes. If I is not nearly 1, some energy is reflected by the fluid layer. Three dimensionless parameters are required for solution for the case of P waves normally incident on the fluid layer. One parameter, R, is the ratio of the bulk modulus to effective shear modulus of the fluid. The second parameter is the ratio of elastic impedance of the solid to the shear impedance of the fluid and the third is γd. We find that the value of R is a good measure of the importance of fluid viscosity on the propagation of P waves through the fluid. Detailed studies of the effects of fluid and solid physical properties on the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves when waves are normally incident provide valuable insight into the importance of physical properties in the calculations for non-normal incidence. Finally, reflection and transmission coefficients are computed for P and SV waves incident at arbitrary angle on a viscous fluid layer. Physical properties of fluid and rock are chosen to be those thought appropriate for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Hot Dry Rock Geothermal test site located at Fenton Hill, New Mexico.
The rupture mechanism of the Coyote Lake earthquake of 6 August 1979 inferred from near-field data
Authors: Bouchon Michel 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe Coyote Lake earthquake (ML = 5.7) occurred within the dense network of seismic instruments of central California and was recorded by numerous accelerograph stations. Two of these stations, located within the fault zone itself, provide particularly remarkable records of the rupture process. We use these data obtained in the immediate vicinity of the fault and the broadband seismograms recorded at Berkeley, about 100 km away from the epicenter, to infer the velocity of propagation of the rupture, the extent of the fractured area, the rupture front geometry, and other characteristics of the fracture mechanism. In order to extract this information from the data, we model the earthquake as a propagating dislocation starting at the hypocenter and spreading radially. We compute the resulting ground motion at the receiver sites using the discrete wavenumber representation of Green's functions (Bouchon, 1981). The results yield a rupture velocity of 2.6 km/sec, a fault length of about 14 km and a fault slip of 15 to 20 cm. They also show that the fault extends to shallower depth than indicated by the aftershocks. The most important result is the finding that slip, at any given location on the fault, takes place in a very short time span and that simple uniform dislocation models give a good description of the rupture process.
Locations and focal mechanisms of recent microearthquakes and tectonics of Livermore Valley, California
Authors: Followill Fred E. , Mills Joseph M. 
Published: June 2021

abstractOver 100 well-recorded microearthquakes (local magnitude less than 3), which occurred between January and September 1980, have been relocated, and focal mechanisms have been estimated for six regions of recent seismic activity for the Livermore Valley. Each of these microearthquakes had a minimum of 10 stations distributed in at least three quadrants around the epicenter. Data from these microearthquakes were combined with data from three USGS refraction experiments and used to develop a velocity model for Livermore Valley. Using this model, together with source region and station corrections to compensate for lateral velocity variations in the upper crust, we recalculated the locations and focal mechanisms.Comparing the results from these regions, we found differences in focal depths, patterns of epicenter locations, and focal mechanisms. Focal depths in the northern regions were usually between 5 and 11 km. These were slightly greater than focal depths (2 to 8 km) in the southern regions. The pattern of strike-slip focal mechanisms with P axes trending NNE and the linear trend of epicenters along the right-lateral strike-slip Greenville fault system in the northern regions is in contrast with the pattern of a mixture of focal mechanisms in southern regions (which includes about one-third with thrust-type mechanisms where the T axis is nearer vertical than horizontal). In the southern regions, there is some indication of short offset (en echelon) segments and an absence of the extended linear trend found in the northern regions. We speculate that this more diffuse pattern of locations and focal mechanisms in the southern regions of the valley results from general north-south compressional tectonics with both strikeslip and thrust faulting occurring in a localized zone of deformation between the Livermore Valley block and the Diablo Range block to the south.
Observation of 1- to 5-second microtremors and their application to earthquake engineering. Part II. Evaluation of site effect upon seismic wave amplification due to extremely deep soil deposits
Authors: Kagami Hiroshi , Duke C. Martin , Liang George C. , Ohta Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe usefulness of long-period microtremor observation for earthquake engineering problems at extremely deep soil deposit site was examined in this study. Microtremor observations were made in the Niigata Plain, Japan, and in Los Angeles, California, where depths to the basement rock are several kilometers. These two locations were selected because strong-motion records obtained during the Niigata earthquake of 1964 and the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 contain large long-period amplitudes. Understanding why these predominate long-period motions were recorded is important for the evaluation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures.Long-period microtremor observations were carried out in both areas in order to evaluate the characteristics of deep soil. Observations were performed simultaneously at a number of stations to distinguish the nature of deep soil deposit. The result of Fourier analysis showed that amplitude of microtremors in long-period range increases systematically from the point of basement rock outcrop to deep deposit site, with the increase corresponding to the depth-to-basement rock. This relationship coincides with that observed in the strong-motion earthquake records. These analyses indicated that simultaneous observation of long-period microtremors at a number of stations can provide insight to the characteristic of deep soil amplification and, therefore, permit estimation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures.
The El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake of 10 October 1980: Multiple-source mechanism determined from long-period records
Authors: Deschamps A. , Gaudemer Y. , Cisternas A. 
Published: June 2021

abstractWe present a study of the El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake of 10 October 1980 from a large collection of long-period surface and body wave records. The focal mechanism of the main shock is well constrained by the P-wave first motions at teleseismic distances and field observations: it was a thrust event on a plane striking N45°E, and a dip angle of 54° to the north. It had a small component of left-lateral motion (λ = 83°) (Ouyed et al., 1981; Gaudemer et al., 1981).This earthquake was very well recorded on WWSSN stations and on GDSN and IDA digital stations, with a good azimuthal distribution. From these records, we confirm the focal solution and obtain a seismic moment Mo = 5 × 1026 dyne-cm.The P-wave seismograms indicate a complex source. We show that it is not sufficient to model the source by a multiple event, but it is also necessary to include a propagation effect in order to explain accurately the waveform. With assumptions based on field observation of the surface breaks, we model the P waves, including two discontinuities of the propagation, along the fault plane and obtain a good agreement of the waveform.
Reflection and refraction of seismic waves incident obliquely at the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid
Authors: Hajra Sushama , Mukhopadhyay Arabinda 
Published: June 2021

abstractA systematic theory of the propagation of seismic waves in liquid-saturated porous solids was first developed by Biot in 1956. Since then, some theoretical investigations have been carried out on the propagation of body and surface waves in such media. Further studies in this area may be useful in giving greater insight into the propagation of seismic waves in underground layers of porous solids saturated with oil or groundwater. In this connection, the transmission of normally incident seismic waves across the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid has been considered earlier. Keeping in view the fact that oblique incidence is more likely than normal incidence for such seismic waves, the authors have investigated the reflection and refraction of P and SV waves, which become obliquely incident at the boundary of a liquid-saturated porous solid, after propagating through an elastic solid. It is found that, corresponding to both P and SV waves obliquely incident at the boundary, there will be two refracted dilatational waves traveling with different velocities, which may be called the Pf and Ps waves, and one refracted SV wave, in the liquid-saturated porous solid, together with reflected P and SV waves in the elastic solid. The amplitude and energy ratios for the different reflected and refracted waves have been calculated theoretically. Numerical values of the amplitude and energy ratios have been computed for different angles of incidence for P and SV waves which propagate through granite, and then become incident at the boundary between the granite and oil-saturated sandstone, using results of laboratory experiments on the elastic behavior of oil-saturated sandstone. It is found that the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves depend significantly on the angle of incidence. It is also found that the amplitude of the second refracted P wave is usually much smaller than that of the other reflected and refracted P and SV waves, so that this slower refracted P wave will be difficult to detect. Similar amplitudes and energy ratios are also calculated for P and SV waves incident at the boundary between granite and dry sandstone. Comparison between the cases of dry sandstone and oil-saturated sandstone shows that the presence of oil usually has a significant effect on the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted P and SV waves.It is noted that such theoretical investigations may be useful in utilizing the amplitudes and other characteristics of reflected and refracted seismic waves in the detection and study of underground layers of porous solids saturated with oil or groundwater.
The standard error of the magnitude-frequencybvalue
Authors: Shi Yaolin , Bolt Bruce A. 
Published: June 2021

abstractEstimated b values in log N = a − bM are widely used in seismicity comparisons and risk analysis, but uncertainties have been little explored. In this paper, the usual F probability density distribution for b is given and compared with an asymptotic form for temporally varying b. Convenient tables for the standard error of b are given that allow statistical tests to accompany investigations of both temporal and spatial variations of b. With large samples and slow temporal changes in b, the standard error of b isσ ( b ^ ) = 2.30 b 2 σ ( M _ ) ,whereσ 2 ( M _ ) = ∑ i − 1 n ( M i − M _ ) 2 / n ( n − 1 ) .In an example from central California, stable estimates of b require a space-time window containing about 100 earthquakes. From 1952 to 1978, the average b and 90 per cent confidence limits are 0.95 (+0.94, −0.30). Some fluctuations of b are statistically significant but some are not. Within 90 per cent confidence limits, b changes from a low of 0.60 (+0.11, −0.09) in 1955 to a high of 1.39 (+0.25, −0.21) in 1967 and drops to 0.72 (+0.13, −0.10) in 1975. In this example, no correlation between large earthquakes (M &gt; 5) and b variations occurred.
Experimental study of the spectral content for shallow earthquakes
Authors: Modiano Thierry , Hatzfeld Denis 
Published: June 2021

abstractTwenty-four seismic stations were installed for 1 month in October and November 1978 to study the seismicity and fault plane solutions of the Arette region (Pyrénées). Six of these stations were three-component magnetic tape recording instruments. We recorded about 115 events which could be located well, having magnitudes varying from 0.6 to 2.9. Nineteen of these earthquakes were recorded on more than two tape recording stations.Spectra of a given event recorded on the three components of one station are similar, but there are differences in corner frequencies or high-frequency decays between stations and earthquakes.We first studied Q factor (by assuming it is independent of frequency and that the source spectra are proportional to f−2 at high frequencies). We find a strong correlation of Q with hypocentral distance, which can be attributed to an increase of Qp from 120 to 170 and Qs from 180 to 350 in the top 10 km of the crust. The mean value of Qs ∼ 1.6 Qp.The coverage of stations and quality of datas allow us to correct spectra for site amplification, geometrical spreading, free surface reflection, and radiation pattern. The mean ration of P- and S-wave corner frequencies for a given event is 1.43, close to that predicted by Madariaga's model.Madariaga's model was used to calculate source parameters. The highest stress drop calculated (170 ± 80 bars) is significantly higher than the mean stress drop (35 bars) of all the events and was obtained for the earthquake which was located where an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred 15 months later, 29 February 1980, in a place where the seismicity had been below average.
Scaling relations for strong ground motion in large earthquakes
Authors: Scholz C. H. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe problem we address is how to predict strong ground motions for very large earthquakes from observations made of such motions produced by events of moderate size. The discussion is in terms of two basic rupture models, a W model in which slip is controlled by fault width and an L model in which slip is controlled by fault length. Because mean slip is observed to increase linearly with fault length, a long earthquake cannot be modeled as a series of shorter events placed end to end. Rather, to explain the correlation of slip with length, a W model will predict that stress drop increases with length, whereas an L model will predict that stress drop is constant but rise time (slipping duration) increases with length. Thus, a W model predicts that peak and rms accelerations and peak and asymptotic particle velocities increase linearly with fault length. An L model predicts that rms acceleration and asymptotic velocities are independent of length but that the peak velocities increase with the square root of length and peak acceleration with InL.