bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource‐efficient joint fabrication by welding metal 3D‐printed parts to conventional steel: A structural integrity study
Authors: Chierici Martina , Berto Filippo , Kanyilmaz Alper 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal 3D printing technology can increase the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry's resource‐efficiency by removing a major fabrication constraint: geometrical complexity. Since the large part dimensions are a current limit of metal 3D printers, we propose a ‘hybrid’ manufacturing approach by welding optimized printed nodes to conventional steel elements for tubular constructions. In this work, we identified suitable analytical formulations for metal 3D‐printed parts, and calibrated numerical models for hybrid joints by means of experimental results. Finally, we quantified the structural integrity performance of the hybrid joints. Numerical simulations highlighted the joints' most sensitive regions, where the optimisation reduced the stresses up to 40% under tensile loading. The butt weld between the printed node and the conventional profiles guaranteed a simple state of stress in the weld, providing the hybrid joint a fatigue life of 2 × 106 cycles under 100‐MPa cyclic loading. These results confirm that metal 3D printing combined with topology optimisation can remarkably reduce the quantity of resource‐consuming cutting and welding operations to fabricate a structural joint for static and fatigue loads.
A tale of two language ideologies: Discursive co‐construction of L2 learner identity in Japanese CMC interactions
Authors: Maa Joy , Burns Katharine E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between learner perception, ideology, discourse, and identity in computer‐mediated communication (CMC) interactions between an advanced L2 Japanese learner and native Japanese speakers. Study findings show that, despite an invested identity as a proficient user of Japanese, the learner struggled to enact this identity in the face of two divergent language ideologies: one that promoted Japanese native speaker discourse as the goal of L2 learning and use, and one that promoted a particular Western “foreigner” discourse for non‐native speakers of Japanese. Furthermore, a third discourse—that of the CMC platform—also affected her discursive practices, both in terms of interaction and performance of multiple identities. These results reveal the complex, sometimes problematic, nature of CMC for L2 learning and use, while offering a unique perspective into the issue of the native speaker standard in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), particularly as it pertains to advanced learners.
Engaging and supporting women with chronic kidney disease with pre‐conception decision‐making (including their experiences during COVID 19): A mixed‐methods study protocol
Authors: Phillips Rhiannon , McLaughlin Leah , Williams Denitza , Williams Helen , Noyes Jane , Jones Caron , Oleary Catherine , Mallett Carmen , Griffin Sian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo report a protocol for a qualitative study to better understand the key factors that influence decision making about pregnancy from women's perspectives and to use these data to develop a theoretical model for shared decision‐making tools for the multiple stakeholders.DesignMixed‐method design using online surveys (with validated components) and purposively sampled follow‐up semi structured interviews.MethodsFunded from September 2020 for 12 months. Online surveys of adult women (aged 18–50) identified via all Wales kidney database (n ≥ 500), additional recruitment through multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, relevant third sector organizations and social media. Follow‐up in‐depth qualitative interviews with n = 30 women. Linear regression models to identify associations between shared decision‐making preferences and clinical and psychosocial variables. Qualitative interviews will use a visual timeline task to empower women in taking control over their narratives. Qualitative data will be fully transcribed and analysed thematically, based around a chronological and theoretical (theoretical domains framework) structure that maps out key challenges and opportunities for improved decision support in the care pathway. Visual timelines will be used during stakeholder consultation activities, to enable us to co‐create a map of current support, gaps in provision, and opportunities for interventions. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively to characterize our cohort. We will assemble a multidisciplinary shared decision‐making intervention development group and provide ongoing stakeholder consultation activities with patient and public representatives.DiscussionOutcomes will support new learning into; the ways women's knowledge of kidney disease may affect family planning and pregnancy, their needs in terms of psychological and social support, and how they weigh up the pros and cons of starting a family.ImpactEvidence will inform the design of new shared decision‐making tools to better support women with the complex and often emotional decisions about having children while living with kidney disease.
Phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells in paediatric chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction syndrome
Authors: Martire Delphine , Garnier Sarah , Sagnol Sébastien , Bourret Annick , Marchal Stéphane , Chauvet Norbert , Guérin Amandine , Forgues Dominique , Berrebi Dominique , Chardot Christophe , Bellaiche Marc , Rendu John , Kalfa Nicolas , Faure Sandrine , de Santa Barbara Pascal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmooth Muscle Cells (SMC) are unique amongst all muscle cells in their capacity to modulate their phenotype. Indeed, SMCs do not terminally differentiate but instead harbour a remarkable capacity to dedifferentiate, switching between a quiescent contractile state and a highly proliferative and migratory phenotype, a quality often associated to SMC dysfunction. However, phenotypic plasticity remains poorly examined in the field of gastroenterology in particular in pathologies in which gut motor activity is impaired. Here, we assessed SMC status in biopsies of infants with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) syndrome, a life‐threatening intestinal motility disorder. We showed that CIPO‐SMCs harbour a decreased level of contractile markers. This phenotype is accompanied by an increase in Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptor‐alpha (PDGFRA) expression. We showed that this modulation occurs without origin‐related differences in CIPO circular and longitudinal‐derived SMCs. As we characterized PDGFRA as a marker of digestive mesenchymal progenitors during embryogenesis, our results suggest a phenotypic switch of the CIPO‐SMC towards an undifferentiated stage. The development of CIPO‐SMC culture and the characterization of SMC phenotypic switch should enable us to design therapeutic approaches to promote SMC differentiation in CIPO.
Coupled modeling of bed deformation and stability analysis on a typical vulnerable zone on the Ningxia reach of the Yellow River during flood season
Authors: Yuan Ximin , Cao Lugan , Jia Shuaijing , Tian Fuchang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Ningxia reach of the Yellow River (NRYR) is wide and shallow, and instability and damages are likely to occur at its vulnerable zone. In this study, based on the one‐dimensional hydro‐sediment dynamics, two‐dimensional hydro‐sediment dynamics and vulnerable zone stability analysis model, a coupled model was established to analyze the scouring risk of the vulnerable zones in the NRYR during flood season. Considering the morphological change of bank slope at the vulnerable zones caused by flow erosion, the seepage stability of a typical spur dyke and protection embankment under the water level fluctuation conditions was analyzed. To fully reflect the coupled scouring effect of flow and sediment, the water flow scouring intensity index α is proposed. A significant increase of water flow scouring intensity index α will result in bank toe scouring, while its significant decrease will lead to silting of the bank toe. The probability of instability failure of the bank for the spur dyke slope is greater during the flood recession period. Compared with the influence of the change of river water level in the flood season, the slip stability of the bank slope is more sensitive to the change of bank toe erosion.
Incidence and risk factors related to fear of falling during the first mobilisation after total knee arthroplasty among older patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Huaguo , Si Wenteng , Pi Hongying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe factors that lead to the fear of falling among older people after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are poorly understood. The present study aims to examine the fear of falling among such patients and to determine the factors that are associated with that fear.MethodsA total of 285 patients aged ≥65 with knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKA at an orthopaedic hospital between November 2019 and May 2020 completed surveys about their own first mobilisation after TKA. They were asked to indicate whether they were afraid of falling by asking a single question, and what their pain level was on a visual analogue scale. They also completed the General Anxiety Disorder scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale–Short Form and the Social Support Rating Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for fear of falling during the first mobilisation after TKA. This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies (see Supplementary File S1).ResultsJust over half (56.5%) of participants reported being afraid of falling. Multivariate logistic regression identified three independent risk factors that explained a total of 31% of the variance in the fear of falling: female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 4.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.35–7.55), higher body mass index (OR =3.93, 95% CI =1.53–10.10) and higher anxiety (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.37–1.78).ConclusionsMany older patients fear falling when they begin to move after TKA, particularly women and those with higher body mass index or anxiety. These subgroups may merit special attention from healthcare professionals to mitigate their fears and optimise recovery after TKA.
Health‐related quality of life of COVID‐19 patients after discharge: A multicenter follow‐up study
Authors: Qu Guangbo , Zhen Qi , Wang Wenjun , Fan Song , Wu Qibing , Zhang Chengyuan , Li Bao , Liu Gang , Yu Yafen , Li Yonghuai , Yong Liang , Lu Baojing , Ding Zhen , Ge Huiyao , Mao Yiwen , Chen Weiwei , Xu Qiongqiong , Zhang Ruixue , Cao Lu , Chen Shirui , Li Haiwen , Zhang Hui , Hu Xia , Zhang Jing , Wang Yonglian , Zhang Hong , Liang Chaozhao , Sun Liangdan , Sun Yehuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of COVID‐19 patients after discharge and its predicting factors.BackgroundCOVID‐19 has caused a worldwide pandemic and led a huge impact on the health of human and daily life. It has been demonstrated that physical and psychological conditions of hospitalised COVID‐19 patients are impaired, but the studies focus on physical and psychological conditions of COVID‐19 patients after discharge from hospital are rare.DesignA multicentre follow‐up study.MethodsThis was a multicentre follow‐up study of COVID‐19 patients who had discharged from six designated hospitals. Physical symptoms and HRQoL were surveyed at first follow‐up (the third month after discharge). The latest multiple laboratory findings were collected through medical examination records. This study was performed and reported in accordance with STROBE checklist.ResultsThree hundred eleven patients (57.6%) were reported with one or more physical symptoms. The scores of HRQoL of COVID‐19 patients at third month after discharge, except for the dimension of general health, were significantly lower than Chinese population norm (p < .001). Results of logistic regression showed that female (odds ratio (OR): 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.06), older age (≥60 years) (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.33–4.47) and the physical symptom after discharge (OR: 40.15, 95% CI: 9.68–166.49) were risk factors for poor physical component summary; the physical symptom after discharge (OR: 6.68, 95% CI: 4.21–10.59) was a risk factor for poor mental component summary.ConclusionsHealth‐related quality of life of discharged COVID‐19 patients did not come back to normal at third month after discharge and affected by age, sex and the physical symptom after discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare workers should pay more attention to the physical and psychological rehabilitation of discharged COVID‐19 patients. Long‐term follow‐up on COVID‐19 patients after discharge is needed to determine the long‐term impact of COVID‐19.
Parents' Perceptions of and Responses to School‐Based Body Mass Index Screening Programs—A Systematic Review
Authors: Tatum Kristina L. , Valenzuela Jessica M. , Amirniroumand Roya A. , Brochu Paula M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEvidence for the effectiveness of state‐mandated body mass index (BMI) screening programs in the United States has been inconclusive, and potential unintended consequences of the programs have been debated. The present review aims to understand parents' perceptions of and responses to school‐based BMI screening, and to highlight racial/ethnic differences.METHODSWe systematically identified studies published January 2003‐May 2019 examining parent and/or youth perceptions of and/or responses to US school‐based BMI screening.RESULTSA total of 16 studies were included in the review. Studies suggested that while parents largely found BMI screening helpful, they held concerns regarding stigma, lack of privacy, and unhealthy behaviors and attitudes resulting from school‐based screening. Furthermore, parents did not frequently follow‐up with health care providers, although they reported some healthy behavior changes.CONCLUSIONSOur review highlights existing parent perceptions of school‐based BMI screening including the potential for healthy behavior change and important concerns regarding weight‐stigma and disturbed eating attitudes/behaviors. Additionally, racial/ethnic differences in screening preferences and experiences were found. Limitations of existing literature included a need to understand youths' experiences and a lack of standardized, reliable outcomes research. Implications for future research and the role of parents, schools, and providers are discussed.
Species and individual rhinoceros affect the bacterial communities, metabolites, and nutrient composition in faeces from Southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) and Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) under managed care
Authors: Cersosimo Laura M. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Valdes Eduardo V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGut microbiota are essential to nutrient metabolism and the maintenance of hindgut health. The characterization of faecal bacterial communities from healthy individuals is important for the establishment of baseline data that can be compared to periods of gut dysbiosis. Diet is a key determinant of the faecal microbial community structure and generation of volatile fatty acids, a main energy source for the host. While rhinoceroses are herbivores, black rhinoceroses are browsers and white rhinoceroses are grazers. The objective of our study was to characterize and compare diets, faecal bacterial communities, nutrients and metabolites between and amongst Southern white rhinoceroses and Southern black rhinoceroses (n = 3 rhinos/species) managed at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. Faecal bacterial communities were similar between individual white rhinos and dissimilar between species and individual black rhinos. Faecal butyrate and propionate molar proportions and concentrations were greater in black rhinos than white rhinos, whereas lactate was greater in white rhinos. The Shannon diversity, total operational taxonomic units, and relative abundance of Firmicutes were greater in white than black rhinos. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in faeces from black rhinos was 3‐fold greater than from white rhinos. One black rhino had a greater relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia (7.45 ± 1.31%) than all other individual rhinos (0.01–1.37%). White rhinoceroses demonstrated similar abundances of bacterial phyla and communities between one another and by individual, while black rhinoceroses were more dissimilar by individual. The dissimilarities between black rhinos were suspected to be due to total diet consumption variability, including browse diversity, and lack of direct contact. In contrast, the white rhinos commingled (i.e. nose‐to‐nose contact) and consumed similar amounts of hay, pellets and training items. These results suggest that species‐specific diets and the individual contribute to differences in faecal bacterial communities, nutrients and metabolites between black and white rhinos housed at the same institution.
Trace element geochemistry of coarse‐grained angrites from Northwest Africa: Implications for their petrogenesis on the angrite parent body
Authors: Sanborn Matthew E. , Wadhwa Meenakshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe angrites are a class of achondrites that encompass a wide range of igneous textures from quenched, volcanic, and subvolcanic stones to slowly cooled, plutonic rocks. The compositions of the various geochemical reservoirs generating this variety of rocks have not been investigated fully because historically the numbers and masses of angrites available for study have been quite small. However, the rapid increase in meteorites from Northwest Africa (NWA) has enabled a renewed opportunity for such an investigation. In particular, three samples, NWA 2999, 4590, and 4801, have provided a new window into our understanding of the origin and petrogenesis of the coarse‐grained (plutonic) angrites. We report here the trace element abundances in individual mineral grains of pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine/kirschsteinite, and phosphate and in the whole‐rock samples. We utilize these data to constrain the petrogenetic history of each of these samples on the angrite parent body (e.g., parental melt compositions and oxygen fugacity conditions) and assess genetic relationships to previously investigated angrites. The trace element abundances in each of the three coarse‐grained angrites studied here indicate a unique history for each. The observed trace element abundances and patterns in NWA 2999 show similarities with previously studied fine‐grained, volcanic angrites and potentially indicate a common geochemical source reservoir, even though NWA 2999 is temporally distinct from the volcanic angrites. In contrast, NWA 4590 has trace element characteristics analogous to other coarse‐grained angrites (e.g., Lewis Cliff [LEW] 86010), suggesting that these samples originated from geochemically similar source reservoirs. The third angrite, NWA 4801, exhibits geochemical characteristics most similar to the plutonic, coarse‐grained angrites, but also appears to have some affinities in its trace element characteristics to the volcanic, fine‐grained angrites. This suggests that NWA 4801 may represent a petrogenetic link between two distinct geochemical reservoirs on the angrite parent body. In aggregate, the trace element distributions in these three plutonic angrites suggest that while they may have originated up to several million years after the fine‐grained angrites, they sampled a range of source reservoirs on the angrite parent body. Some of these source reservoirs were likely similar to those of the fine‐grained angrites, but others had distinct geochemical characteristics.
Factors associated with the maxillary third molar position after total arch distalization using a modified C‐palatal plate in adolescents
Authors: Kang Hyojeong , Lee Nam‐Ki , Kim Jaehyun , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Yoonji , Kook Yoon‐Ah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term position of erupted third molars after maxillary total arch distalization using modified C‐palatal plates (MCPPs) in adolescents and to identify factors associated with these positions.Setting and Sample PopulationSixty‐two third molars (male: 20, female: 42) in Class II patients treated with MCPPs and thirty‐nine teeth for the Control group (male: 22, female: 17).Materials and methodsSamples were analyzed using panoramic radiographs taken initially (T0), after treatment (T1) and after >3 years retention (T2). Third molars were classified as downward (Group A, N = 31; males: 12, females: 19) and upward (Group B, N = 31; males: 8, females: 23) based on their vertical position after treatment. Analysis of variance and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe vertical position of the third molars of Group A, Group B, and the Control showed a 2.2, 3.5 and 2.7 mm downward movement at T2. However, there was no difference in the amount of third molar eruption among the groups. Regarding factors affecting the vertical distance of the third molar, Age, C8‐OP, ∠8‐OP and D7‐T at the initial affected vertical position of the third molars after molar distalization (P < .05).ConclusionsGroup A and B showed no difference in the third molar eruption during retention after total arch distalization. This study suggests that it might be unnecessary to extract the developing third molar before molar distalization in Class II adolescents.
Understanding What It's Like To Be (Dis)Privileged
Authors: Wiltsher Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCan a person privileged in some respect understand what it is like to be disprivileged in that respect? Some say yes; some say no. I argue that both positions are correct, because ‘understand what it is like to be disprivileged’ is ambiguous. Sometimes, it means grasp of the character of particular experiences of disprivileged people. Privileged people can achieve this. Sometimes, it means grasp of the general character shared by experiences of disprivileged people. Privileged people cannot achieve this. However, there is a general kind of understanding that they can achieve: understanding of why individual experiences have their character, in relation to privilege and disprivilege. This understanding is a skill, not knowledge. It is difficult and discomforting for the privileged to acquire and is easily conflated with knowledge of general experiential character. Distinguishing and characterizing these kinds of understanding clarifies whether, and how, the privileged might understand what it is like to be disprivileged.