bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laterality of Blood Perfusion in the Lower Extremities after Drinking Saline at Different Temperatures
Authors: Jia Shuyong , Wang Qizhen , Li Hongyan , Song Xiaojing , Wang Shuyou , Zhang Weibo , Wang Guangjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin blood flux (SkBF) changes caused by drinking cold water are generally associated with vagal tone and osmotic factors in the digestive system. However, the distribution and regulation of bilateral blood flow are not symmetrical but exhibit a certain laterality. The aim of this study was to analyze the laterality of skin blood flux after drinking saline (0.9%) at different temperatures by monitoring blood flux in the bilateral lower extremities.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were recruited for this study, and all subjects completed all measurements. Subjects were randomly divided into a 4 °C group, 10 °C group and 30 °C group. For every subject, skin blood perfusion of bilateral Zusanli acupoints (ST 36) was recorded simultaneously before and after drinking 500 ml of 0.9% saline using a PeriFlux System 5000. The electrogastrogram (EGG) was also monitored, and the dominant frequency of the EGG and heart rate variability were analyzed.Results: The results indicated that after drinking saline at different temperatures, the laterality index of skin blood flux at the lower extremities was different. Drinking 30 °C saline can increase the laterality index of the lower extremities. The results of wavelet analysis showed that the laterality index changes of skin blood flux were mainly reflected in the frequency interval V (0.4-1.6 Hz). Stimulation at 4 °C and 10 °C resulted in a decrease in the dominant frequency (DF) of the electrogastrogram and an increased root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of the RR interval. There was a weak negative correlation between the laterality index of frequency interval I or II and root mean square of successive differences.Conclusion: There was laterality of blood perfusion in the lower extremities after drinking saline at different temperatures.
Understanding Potential-dependent Competition Between Electrocatalytic Dinitrogen and Proton Reduction Reactions
Authors: Choi Changhyeok , Gu Geun Ho , Noh Juhwan , Park Hyun S. , Jung Yousung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the key challenges to practical electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is to lower the overpotential and suppression of the side reaction known as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the NRR. The experimental NRR activity has been consistently shown to reach a maximum at early stage before reaching the mass-transfer limit and decreases with large overpotentials for many heterogeneous catalysts. Though the volcano-type current-potential relationship shown for NRR is unusual with limited reaction rates at higher overpotentials, the mechanistic origin has not been clearly explained, making the design principles for practical NRR still lacking. Herein, we investigate the potential-dependent reaction activity of NRR and HER using the constant electrode potential method and microkinetic modeling. It manifests the dominating proton adsorption over dinitrogen at small overpotentials leading to the inadequate reaction selectivity towards NRR at many metal catalyst surfaces. A clear potential-dependent competition between the N2 adsorption and *H formation is characterized by the degree of charge transfer in the adsorption process. It is also demonstrated that the larger charge transfer in *H formation is a general phenomenon applied to all heterogeneous catalyst surfaces considered here, that poses a fundamental challenge to realize practical electrochemical NRR. We suggest several strategies to overcome the latter challenges based on the present understandings.
Surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma with Ex-PRESS glaucoma shunt
Authors: Fikret Cenk Zeki , Ucgun Nil Irem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To compare the efficacy and safety profile of deep sclerectomy combined with Ex-PRESS shunt versus Ex-PRESS shunt surgery in eyes with neovascular glaucoma.

Methods

Twenty eyes with neovascular glaucoma secondery to proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in our study. Panretinal photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab injection were applied to these eyes.

Despite full antiglaucomatous treatment and iris, angle neovascularization regression whose intraocular pressures were 21mm Hg and above were taken to surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (10 patients) underwent deep sclerectomy combined with insertion of Ex-PRESS drainage device, group B (10 patients) underwent only Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration surgery. Primary outcome measures were the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of antiglaucomatous medications at the first year follow-up visit.

Results

There was no difference in IOP between the groups at the first 2 month postoperatively (p>0.05). In the first 2 months, there was no need for antiglaucomatous medication in either group. In the third month, an antiglaucomatous drug was administered to 2 patients in group A and to 4 patients in group B. IOP values were lower in group A than group B at the third and sixth months (p<0.05). At the end of the first year, ≤18 mm Hg IOP rate was found 80% in group A and 60 in group B without medication.

Conclusion

Ex-PRESS shunt surgey demonstrated to be an effective treatment in eyes with neovascular glaucoma at the first year follow-up period. Ex-PRESS drainage device implantation with deep sclerectomy increased surgical success.
Steroid-mediated liver steatosis is CD1d-dependent while steroid-induced liver necrosis, inflammation, and metabolic changes are CD1d-independent: A dichotomy between steatosis and steatohepatitis
Authors: Adar Tomer , Ya'acov Ami Ben , Shabat Shabat , Mizrahi Meir , Zolotarov Lida , Lichtenstein Yoav , llan Yaron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Natural killer T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and in the response to steroids. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of CD1d in steroid-mediated metabolic derangement and the steroid-protective effect of glycosphingolipids. Methods: Ten groups of mice were studied. Steroids were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice to assess the therapeutic effect of β-glucsylceramide (GC) on the development of steroid-mediated liver damage and metabolic derangements. The role of CD1d in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced liver damage, and in mediating the hepatoprotective effect of GC were studied in CD1d−/− mice. Results: A model of oral administration of steroids was established, resulting in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, and hepatocellular injury. Steroid administration to CD1d−/− mice was associated with hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. However, CD1d−/− mice were relatively resistant to steroid-induced steatosis. GC treatment alleviated steroid-associated metabolic derangements and liver injury independent of CD1d expression. Conclusion: A steroid-mediated model of NAFLD and metabolic derangements was established in which steroid-mediated steatosis was CD1d-dependent while steroid-induced liver necrosis, inflammation, and metabolic changes were CD1d-independent, further supporting a dichotomy between steatosis and steatohepatitis in NAFLD.
Long terms assessment of the meteorological indicators with COVID-19 pandemic of Bahrain for second wave measure
Authors: Qaid Adeb , BASHIR Muhammad Farhan , Ossen Dilshan Remaz , SHAHZAD KHURRAM 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global lifestyle, and the spreading of the virus is unprecedented. This study aims to assess the association between the meteorological indicators such as air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (w/s) and solar radiation with the COVID-19 total confirmed and death cases in the hot, arid climate of Bahrain. We used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient measures, and the Wavelet Transform Coherence approach for econometric analysis. The dataset analysis from April 1, 2020, to January 10, 2021. The result shows that the air temperature and humidity, wind speed, PM2.5 indicators have a mild coherence and significant association with the COVID-19 total confirmed cases. In contrast, they have a significant positive association with the COVID-19 total cumulative death cases, especially during the summer period. A positive correlation was indicated between wind speed, PM2.5, and the COVID-19 outbreak. Although this region experienced a high solar radiation incident, the solar radiation has no association with the COVID-19 pandemic total confirmed or death cases. The study suggests that the association between humidity, wind speed, air quality needs to be further examined to spread the outbreak of infectious COVID-19 diseases. The finding of this long-term analysis will help this region's countries take a significant measure to control the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak.
The oxygen sensor Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 regulates the in vivo suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells
Authors: Ajouaou Yousra , Azouz Abdulkader , Taquin Anaelle , Hussein Hind , Andris Fabienne , Moser Muriel , Goriely Stanislas , Leo Oberdan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The oxygen sensor PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain 2) plays an important role in cell hypoxia adaptation by regulating the stability of HIF proteins (HIF1α and HIF2α) in numerous cell types including T lymphocytes. The role of oxygen sensor on immune cells, in particular on regulatory T cell (Treg) function, has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of PHD2 in the regulation of Treg phenotype and function. We demonstrate herein that selective ablation of PHD2 expression in Treg (PHD2ΔTreg mice) leads to a spontaneous systemic inflammatory syndrome, as evidenced by weight loss, development of a rectal prolapse, splenomegaly, shortening of the colon and elevated expression of IFN-γ in the mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine and spleen. PHD2 deficiency in Tregs led to an increased number of activated CD4 conventional T cells expressing an effector/Th1-like phenotype. Concomitantly, the expression of innate-type cytokines such as IL1-β, IL-12p40, IL-12p35 and TNF-α was found to be elevated in peripheral (gut) tissues and spleen. PHD2ΔTreg mice also displayed an enhanced sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis and to toxoplasmosis, suggesting that PHD2-deficient Tregs do not efficiently control inflammatory response in vivo, in particular immune responses characterized by IFN-γ production. Further analysis revealed that Treg dysregulation is largely prevented in PHD2-HIF2α (PHD2-HIF2αΔTreg mice), but not in PHD2-HIF1α (PHD2-HIF1αΔTreg mice) double KOs, suggesting an important and possibly selective role of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in the control of Treg function. Finally, the transcriptomic analysis of PHD2-deficient Tregs revealed an altered expression of several chemokine receptors including CXCR3, a finding corroborated by the altered in vivo localization of PHD2-deficient Tregs in splenic tissues. Collectively, these findings uncover an important role of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in regulatory T cell positioning and trafficking.
Deterministic and Stochastic Principles to Convert Discrete Water Quality Data into Continuous Time Series
Authors: Ferreira Danieli Mara , Coelho Marcelo , Fernandes Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo , Kaviski Eloy , Detzel Daniel Henrique Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Limited water quality data is often responsible for incorrect model description and misleading interpretation in water resources planning and management scenarios. This study compares two hybrid strategies to convert discrete concentration data into continuous daily values for one year in different river sections. Model A is based on an autoregressive process, accounting for serial correlation, water quality historical characteristics (mean and standard deviation) and random variability; the second approach (model B) is a regression model, based on the relationship between monitoring flow and concentrations, plus an error term. The generated series (here referred to as synthetic series) are propagated in time and space by a full deterministic model (SihQual), that solves the Saint-Venant and advection-dispersion-reaction equations. Results reveal that both approaches are appropriate to reproduce the variability of biochemical oxygen demand and organic nitrogen concentrations, leading to the conclusion that the combination of deterministic/empirical and stochastic components are compatible. A second outcome arises from the comparison of results in different time scales, supporting the need for further assessment of statistical characteristics of water quality data - which relies on monitoring plans. Nonetheless, the proposed methods are suitable to estimate multiple scenarios of interest in water resources planning and management.
Phospho-proteomic analysis of the effect of merecidin inhibiting the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Wang Xiuqing , Jia Qinqin , Zhang Qiannan , Yang Tingting , Song Jinxuan , Wang Yarong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Merecidin induced A549 cells apoptosis. The present study aimed to assess the differentially phosphorylated proteins in lung cancer A549 cells treated with antibacterial peptide merecidin. Methods: TMT/iTRAQ labeling, LC-MS/MS analysis, HPLC grading, IMAC modification and enrichment, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of peptide. The data of proteins were filtered according to the localization probability >0.75 standard. The phosphorylated proteomics data were analyzed using GO, KEGG, and STRING databases. Western blots examined the changes in phosphorylated protein expression. Results: Protein function enrichment showed significant changes in the phosphorylation level with respect to protein binding, metabolic activity, molecular function regulation, cell process, and biological function regulation. Integrated pathway bioinformatics results showed that differential proteins are associated with several pathways, including mTOR and AMPK etc. Screening of the COG database revealed differentiated phosphorylated proteins in cell signal transduction, RNA transcription, translation processing and modification, ribosome synthesis of proteins, cytoskeleton protein formation, intracellular material transport, secretion, and vesicle transport. Protein interaction level analysis identified an interaction network with HDAC1, RPL23A, SRSF3H, and NCBP1.etc. The phosphorylated proteomics data and showed that after merecidin treatment, ATG2B and ULK1s were significantly upregulated, while MAPK1 and AKT were significantly downregulated. In addition, Western blot also showed the upregulated level of ATG13,ULK1;MAPK1 downregulated. Conclusion: The results verified the feasibility of phosphorylated proteomics analysis, confirmed the signaling pathways, and suggested that merecidin may induce autophagy of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
Internet memes related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential coping mechanism for anxiety
Authors: Akram Umair , Irvine Kamila , Allen Sarah , Ellis Jason , Drabble Jennifer , Stevenson Jodie C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study examined whether significantly anxious individuals differed from non-anxious individuals in their perceptual ratings of internet memes related to the Covid-19 pandemic, whilst considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. Eighty individuals presenting clinically significant anxiety symptoms (indicating ≥15 on the GAD-7) and 80 non-anxious controls (indicating ≤4) rated the emotional valance, humour, relatability, shareability, and offensiveness of 45 Covid-19 internet memes. A measure of emotion regulation difficulties was also completed. The perception of humour, relatability, and shareability were all greater amongst anxious individuals relative to non-anxious controls. These differences were not mediated by emotion regulation deficits. Internet memes related to the current Covid-19 pandemic may serve as beneficial coping mechanism for individuals experiencing severe symptoms of anxiety.
Shotgun Metagenomics evaluation of soil fertilization effect on the rhizosphere viral community of maize plants
Authors: Nwokolo Nwabunwanne Lilian , ENEBE MATTHEW Chekwube 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The need for sustainability in food supply has led to progressive increase in soil nutrient enrichment. Fertilizer application affect both biological and abiotic processes in the soil, of which bacterial community that support viral multiplication are equally influenced. Soil viral community composition and dynamics are affected by soil fertilization with less exploration on organic and inorganic fertilizer application. In this study, we evaluated the influence of soil fertilization on the maize rhizosphere viral community growing in Luvisolic soil. The highest abundance of bacteriophages were detected in soil treated with high compost manure (Cp8), low inorganic fertilizer (N1), low compost (Cp4) and control (Cn0). Our result showed higher frequency of Myoviridae (47%), Podoviridae (46%) and Siphoviridae (90%) in high organic manure (Cp8) fertilized compared to others. While Inoviridae (98%) and Microviridae (74%) were the most abundant phage families in low organic (Cp4) fertilized soil. This demonstrate that soil fertilization with organic manure increases the abundance and diversity of viruses in the soil due to its soil conditioning effects.
A Consensus Time for Performing Quality Control of 225Ac-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Kelly James M. , Amor-Coarasa Alejandro , Sweeney Elizabeth , Wilson Justin J. , Causey Patrick W. , Babich John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: As 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals continue to show promise as targeted alpha therapeutics, there is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing procedures. The determination of radiochemical purity (RCP) is an essential QC test. A significant obstacle to RCP testing is the disruption of the secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and its daughter radionuclides during labeling and analysis. In order to accelerate translation of actinium-225 targeted alpha therapy, we aimed to determine the earliest time point at which the RCP of an 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceutical can be accurately calculated. Results: Six ligands were conjugated to macrocyclic metal chelators and labeled with actinium-225 under conditions designed to generate diverse incorporation yields. RCP was determined by radio thin layer chromatography (radioTLC) followed by exposure of the TLC plate on a phosphor screen either 0.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 6.5, or 26 h after the plate was developed. The dataset was used to create models for predicting the true RCP using pre-equilibrium measurements at early time points. The 585 TLC measurements span RCP values of 1.8% to 99.5%. The statistical model created from these data predicted an independent data set with high accuracy. Predictions made at 0.5 h are more uncertain than predictions made at later time points. This is primarily due to the decay of bismuth-213. At 2 h the mean average error is < 3%. A measurement of RCP > 90% at this time point predicts a true RCP > 97%. These findings were independently validated using NaI(Tl) scintillation counting and high resolution gamma spectroscopy on a smaller set of samples with 10% ≤ RCP ≤ 100%. Conclusions: RCP of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be quantified with acceptable accuracy at least 2 h after radioTLC using various methods of quantifying particle emissions. This time point best balances the need to accurately quantify RCP with the need to safely release the batch as quickly as possible.
Phosphate removal from aqueous solution by Fe-La binary (hydr)oxides: A study of batch experiments and mechanisms
Authors: Duan Haijing , Zhang Lin , Wang Yu-long , Liu Yanhong , Wang Yangyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, Fe-La binary (hydr)oxides were prepared by a co-precipitation method for phosphate removal. Various techniques, including secondary electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, were employed to characterize the synthesized Fe-La binary (hydr)oxides. Batch experiments indicated that the performance of phosphate removal by Fe-La binary (hydr)oxides was excellent and increased with increasing La contents. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption was rapid and described better by the pseudo-second-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe/La 3:1, Fe/La 1:1 and Fe/La 1:3 binary (hydr)oxides at pH 4.0 calculated by Langmuir model were 49.02, 69.44 and 136.99 mg/g, respectively. The uptake of phosphate was highly affected by solution pH and significantly reduced with the increase of pH value. The analyses of p-XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the predominant mechanisms of phosphate removal involved surface hydroxyl exchange reactions and co-precipitation of released La3+ and phosphate ions, which resulted into the formation of amorphous phase of rhabdophane (LaPO4∙0.5H2O). The results show great potential for the application on the treatment of phosphate decontamination for their high efficiency of phosphate removal.
The total factor productivity index of freshwater aquaculture in China: based on regional heterogeneity
Authors: Zhong Shen , Li Aizhi , Wu Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Continuously improving freshwater aquaculture efficiency will help promote the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture, which is crucial to ensure fish food supply. In particular, finding ways to improve the freshwater aquaculture efficiency, by measuring and analyzing the total factor productivity (TFP) of freshwater aquaculture, is of great significance to the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture industry. Therefore, this paper constructs a meta-frontier Malmquist index (MMI) model by considering the regional heterogeneity to evaluate the TFP of freshwater aquaculture of China from 2004 to 2019. The results show that: (1) From 2004 to 2019, the TFP of freshwater aquaculture shows dynamic fluctuations and spatial differences. Compared with coastal regions, there are obvious advantages in TFP of freshwater aquaculture in inland regions. (2) The change of TFP in freshwater aquaculture is driven by the combined effect of technology change (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC). (3) The technology gap in freshwater aquaculture of coastal regions is tiny, while that of inland regions is large. This paper finally gives some policy suggestions to improve the TFP to ensure the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture.