bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘One hundred dollars is a big help, but to continue, it’s a challenge’: A qualitative study exploring correlates and barriers to Active Kids voucher uptake in western Sydney
Authors: Virgona Natalie , Foley Bridget C. , Ryan Helen , Nolan Michelle , Reece Lindsey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Active Kids voucher is a universal, state‐wide voucher program, provided by the New South Wales (NSW) Government, Office of Sport. All school‐aged children in NSW are eligible to receive a voucher to reduce registration costs of structured physical activity programs. This study explores reasons behind lower uptake among children who are overweight or obese, from cultural and linguistically diverse families and those living in low socio‐economic areas.MethodsParticipants were recruited through a convenience sample of parent/carers who participated in the NSW Health Go4Fun program. Qualitative data were collected using focus groups. The Framework method was adapted for the analysis, taking an interpretive phenomenological approach.ResultsStudy participants (n = 54) were all parents of children who were overweight or obese from both low and high socio‐economic status (SES). Most reported speaking a primary language other than English at home (65%). Parents were mostly aware of the Active Kids program (91%) and reported that the voucher had a positive impact on their children's participation in structured physical activity. A range of socio‐ecological factors, in addition to activity cost, influenced whether parents were able to use an Active Kids voucher and participate in structured physical activity.ConclusionsThe Active Kids voucher does not alleviate all barriers, particularly for families living in low socio‐economic areas. Engagement of this population in structured physical activities using the Active Kids vouchers could be strengthened through the implementation of effective interventions which comprehensively address the remaining barriers, such as access and flexibility of programs with local stakeholders and activity providers.
A critical zone observatory dedicated to suspended sediment transport: The meso‐scale Galabre catchment (southern French Alps)
Authors: Legout Cédric , Freche Guilhem , Biron Romain , Esteves Michel , Navratil Oldrich , Nord Guillaume , Uber Magdalena , Grangeon Thomas , Hachgenei Nico , Boudevillain Brice , Voiron Céline , Spadini Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 20 km2 Galabre catchment belongs to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR; Gaillardet et al., Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17(1), 1–24). It is representative of the sedimentary lithology and meteorological forcing found in Mediterranean and mountainous areas. Due to the presence of highly erodible and sloping badlands on various lithologies, the site was instrumented in 2007 to understand the dynamics of suspended sediments (SS) in such areas. Two meteorological stations including measurements of air temperature, wind speed and direction, air moisture, rainfall intensity, raindrop size and velocity distribution were installed both in the upper and lower part of the catchment. At the catchment outlet, a gauging station records the water level, temperature and turbidity (10 min time‐step). Stream water samples are collected automatically to estimate SS concentration‐turbidity relationships, allowing quantification of SS fluxes with known uncertainty. The sediment samples are further characterized by measuring their particle size distributions and by applying a low‐cost sediment fingerprinting approach using spectrocolorimetric tracers. Thus, the contributions of badlands located on different lithologies to total SS flux are quantified at a high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to better analyse the links between meteorological forcing variability and watershed hydrosedimentary response. The set of measurements was extended to the dissolved phase in 2017. Both stream water electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations are measured each week and every 3 h during storm events. This extension of measurements to the dissolved phase will allow progress in understanding both the origin of the water during the events and the partitioning between particulate and dissolved fluxes of solutes in the critical zone. All data sets are available at https://doi.osug.fr/public/DRAIXBLEONE_GAL/index.html.
The Evaluation of Ester Functionalised TCF‐Based Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Bacterial Species
Authors: Gwynne Lauren , Williams George T. , Yan Kai‐Cheng , Gardiner Jordan E. , Hilton Kira L. F. , Patenall Bethany L. , Hiscock Jennifer R. , Maillard Jean‐Yves , He Xiao‐Peng , James Tony D. , Sedgwick Adam C. , Jenkins A. Toby A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ester functionality is commonly seen in the areas of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry for the design of cell‐permeable active molecules. Ester‐based pro‐drug/pro‐sensor strategies are employed to mask polar functional groups (i. e. carboxylic acids) and improve the overall cell permeability of these functional molecules. However, their use as reactive units for sensing applications, including bacterial detection, has not been fully explored. Herein, we synthesised two TCF‐based fluorescent probes, TCF‐OAc and TCF‐OBu. As expected, both TCF‐OAc and TCF‐OBu demonstrated a significant fluorescence (22‐ and 43‐fold, respectively) and colorimetric response (yellow to purple) towards porcine liver esterase (PLE) with a limit of detection of 1.18 mU/mL and 0.45 mU/mL, respectively. With these results in hand, the ability of these probes to detect planktonic suspensions of gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated. Different fluorescence responses for gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria were observed between TCF‐OAc and TCF‐OBu. After 1 h incubation, TCF‐OAc proved more sensitive towards S. aureus, demonstrating a significant fluorescence “turn on” response (16‐fold); whereas, TCF‐OBu was more selective towards P. aeruginosa, with a 22‐fold increase in the fluorescence response observed. These results demonstrate the influence of the ester chain length on the selectivity for bacterial species.
Fracture Rates and Fracture Risk in Patients With Marfan Syndrome: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Folkestad Lars , Stochholm Kirstine , Groth Kristian , Hove Hanne , Andersen Niels Holmark , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Marfan syndrome (MFS), a rare genetic disease, has a prevalence of 6.5 in 100,000. Studies show that patients with MFS have reduced areal bone mineral density (BMD) compared with non-MFS individuals. We have previously shown that patients with MFS have reduced volumetric BMD and compromised trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture. The present study was a registry-based, nationwide, population-based, cohort study using register data, aimed to evaluate fracture risk and fracture rates in MFS. We included 406 (196 women) patients with MFS through the Danish National Patient Register and 40,724 (19,327 women) persons, randomly selected and matched from the Civil Registry System. A total of 21.9% of the MFS and 18.9% of the reference population had experienced at least one fracture from 1995 to 2018. The fracture incidence rate was 27.5 per 1000 person-years in the MFS cohort (highest in young men and old women with MFS), and 20.3 per 1000 person-years in the reference population. The overall incidence rate ratio between the MFS and the reference population was 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI ] 1.18–1.55) for all fractures. When evaluating the risk of being registered with an osteoporosis diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Register, starting relevant treatment for osteoporosis or experiencing a hip or spine fracture, 10.3% of the MFS cohort and 3.3% of the reference population could be classified as being osteoporotic. The between-group subhazard ratio was 3.97 (95% CI 2.56–6.25). Patients with MFS started treatment with an antiosteoporotic drug at a younger age than the reference population (57 [interquartile range 55–67] versus 71 [63–73]) years. The life expectancy in MFS is increasing, resulting in more patients facing diseases that are related to old age, such as age-related bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Our data suggest that bone health and fracture prevention needs to be part of the standard care for patients with MFS. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The moderating effects of self and other mentalizing on the relationship between distress and disordered eating: A cross‐cultural examination
Authors: Aival‐Naveh Erez , Rothschild‐Yakar Lily , Kurman Jenny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCross‐cultural comparisons that focus on underlying psychological mechanisms in disordered eating (DE) are lacking. With the aim of addressing this gap, we investigated the interplay between mentalizing, distress, and DE in two cultural groups: the ultra‐Orthodox and secular Jewish societies in Israel.MethodA combination of performance‐based and self‐report measures of two mentalizing‐related constructs (emotional awareness and alexithymia), along with self‐report measures of distress, DE, and values preferences, were employed in a community sample (N = 300) of ultra‐Orthodox and secular Jewish women.ResultsDistress predicted DE in both cultural groups, yet there were cultural differences in the moderating role of mentalizing. Both mentalizing measures moderated the distress‒DE link in the secular group, but not in the ultra‐Orthodox group. Furthermore, there were cultural differences in the moderating effects of self versus other mentalizing.ConclusionsThe results suggest cultural differences in the underlying psychological mechanism of DE.
Anaerobic structured‐bed reactor for azo dye decolorization in the presence of sulfate ions
Authors: Florêncio Thaíla de Mello , de Godoi Leandro AG , Rocha Vinícius Carvalho , Oliveira Jean Maikon Santos , Motteran Fabrício , Gavazza Sávia , Vicentine Karina Ferrazzoli Devienne , Damianovic Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTextile wastewater is known for its polluting potential and toxicity. Biological, affordable treatments are especially desirable in developing countries to fulfill legal and ecological demands during its treatment.RESULTSThe performance of an anaerobic structured‐bed reactor (AnSTBR) treating synthetic textile wastewater containing Direct Black 22 azo dye (DB22; 0.06 mmol L–1) and sulfate ions (200 mg L−1) was evaluated. The reactor hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 24 h and ethanol was used as the electron donor (1000 mgCOD L−1). The AnSTBR achieved an average decolorization efficiency of 68 ± 5%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) efficiency of 77.7 ± 9.2% and sulfate removal of 77.3 ± 5.2%. Toxicity tests showed lower toxicity of the treated effluent to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Despite that, the AnSTBR effluent was still highly toxic to mammalian cells. The metabarcoding technique of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a consistent community of sulfate‐reducing and azo‐degrading bacteria.CONCLUSIONMetagenomic data revealed a promising development of the inoculum in the AnSTB structure. The AnSTB reactor configuration may be a promising alternative for DB22 dye removal from textile wastewater containing sulfate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of 18‐ and 22‐MHz probes for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Noumegni Steve Raoul , Hoffmann Clément , Jousse‐Joulin Sandrine , Cornec Divi , Quentel Hugo , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie , Saraux Alain , Bressollette Luc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeLittle is known about the diagnostic concordance of images provided by ultrasound probes with emitting frequencies below or above 20 MHz for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA).MethodsWe compared, using Cohen's kappa statistic, data obtained with an 18‐MHz and a 22‐MHz probe for the ultrasonographic evaluation of temporal arteries in 80 patients referred for suspected GCA.ResultsThe halo sign was found in 25% of cases with the 18‐MHz probe and in 35% with the 22‐MHz probe. The compression sign was positive in 42% of cases with the 18‐MHz probe and 48% with the 22‐MHz probe. GCA was finally diagnosed in 20 patients (25%). The kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.76 (P < .001) for the halo sign, and 0.75 (P < .001) for the compression sign.ConclusionsImages obtained by 18 MHz and 22‐MHz frequency probes showed a good level of agreement for the diagnosis of GCA, but the 22‐MHz probe yielded a correct diagnosis of GCA in 3 of the 7 patients in whom examination with the 18‐MHz probe was negative.
Is sickle cell disease a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized patients? A multicenter national retrospective cohort study
Authors: Abdulrahman Abdulkarim , Wael Mohammed , AlAmmadi Fajer , Almosawi Zahra , Alsherooqi Reem , Abduljalil Manal , Kumar Nitya , AlQahtani Manaf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies that examine the association between sickle cell disease (SCD) and COVID‐19 outcomes are lacking. This study aims to determine whether SCD is a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 infection in regard to the requirement of noninvasive ventilation/high flow nasal cannula (NIV/HFNC), mechanical ventilation (MV), or death in hospitalized patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort study included COVID‐19 patients admitted to four COVID‐19 treatment facilities in Bahrain between February 24, 2020 and July 31, 2020. All SCD patients with COVID‐19 were included and compared to a randomly selected sample of non‐SCD patients with COVID‐19. Data were collected from the medical records. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to control for confounders and estimate the effect of SCD on the outcomes.Results1792 patients with COVID‐19 were included; 38 of whom were diagnosed with SCD as well. In the SCD group, one (2.6%) patient required NIV/HFNC, one (2.6%) required MV, and one (2.6%) death occurred. In comparison, 56 (3.2%) of the non‐SCD patients required NIV/HFNC, 47 (2.7%) required MV, and death occurred in 58 (3.3%) patients. Upon adjusting for confounders, SCD had an odds ratio of 1.847 (95% CI: 0.39–8.83; p = 0.442).ConclusionOur results indicate that SCD is not a risk factor for worse COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized patients.
Observed changes in precipitation during recent warming: The Czech Republic, 1961–2019
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Zahradníček Pavel , Dobrovolný Petr , Štěpánek Petr , Trnka Miroslav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation patterns over the territory of the Czech Republic for the 1961–2019 period. Monthly, seasonal and annual series of precipitation totals and numbers of precipitation days were calculated for four altitudinal groups and the entire Czech Republic, based upon the daily precipitation totals recorded by 531 rain‐gauge stations run by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Analysis of series of monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation totals revealed relatively stable fluctuations, while linear trends remained largely insignificant. However, wavelet analysis indicated significant interannual variability on a timescale of 4–8‐years in seasonal and annual series. The minimum in annual variation tended to appear in February (also in January and, at higher altitudes in particular, in April) with the maximum favouring July (but also June and August). The relative proportions of annual totals taken up by winter precipitation increased with altitude, while the proportions for summer precipitation decreased with altitude. Linear trends in the numbers of precipitation days exhibited the most pronounced decreases from April to June, reflected in negative precipitation trends in April–June and positive in July–September. The results obtained are also presented in the broader (central) European context.
Treatment of periodontal intrabony defects using bovine porous bone mineral and guided tissue regeneration with/without platelet‐rich fibrin: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Kaining , Huang Zhen , Chen Zhibin , Han Bing , Ouyang Xiangying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the regenerative effect of adjunctive use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM), and platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in intrabony defects.MethodsFourteen participants were enrolled, and for each patient their left and right two sides were randomized to the test group or control group. Only the worst intrabony defect on each side was analyzed. The test group received GTR, BPBM, and PRF, whereas the control group received only GTR and BPBM. The PRF used in the trial was fluid PRF, which combined with the BPBM to form a BPBM‐PRF complex. The patients were followed up by clinical and radiographic evaluation for 24 months after surgery.ResultsProbing depth (PD) in the test group was significantly less than that in the control group at 12 and 24 months after surgery, and the mean difference was ≈ 0.5 to 0.7 mm. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain in the test group was ≈ 0.9 mm higher than that in the control group at 6 months after surgery, and the difference reached 1.0 to 1.1 mm 12 and 24 months after surgery. None of the other clinical or radiographic parameters differed significantly between the two groups at any time‐point after the surgery.ConclusionCompared with GTR and BPBM, the combination of GTR and BPBM‐PRF complex is more effective clinically, and results in better clinical outcomes.
Improving Mortality Attribution in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Freeman Michael H. , Slayton Jennifer M. , Woods Marcella C. , Martin Barbara J. , Eavey Roland D. , Langerman Alexander J. , Bennett Marc L. 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisMortality attribution can have significant implications for reimbursement, hospital/department rankings, and perceptions of safety. This work seeks to compare the accuracy of externally assigned diagnosis‐related group (DRG)‐based service line mortality attribution in otolaryngology to an internal review process that assigns mortality to the teams that cared for a patient during hospitalization.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsMortality events at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) from 2012 to 2018 were compared. Included events were assigned to the otolaryngology service line (OSL) via the following methods: an external agency (Vizient) using DRG, utilization management assignment based on the service that provided care at admission (admission service), discharge (discharge service), or throughout hospitalization (major service line), or through the internal VUMC mortality review committee. Internal review was considered the standard for comparison.ResultsOf the 28 mortality events assigned to OSL by the DRG‐based external method, nine (32%) were actually attributable to OSL. Of the 23 total mortality events attributable to OSL at our institution, external DRG‐based review captured nine (39%). The designation of major service during hospitalization was correct 95% of the time and captured 87% of mortality events. Differences between external and internal attribution methods were statistically significant (P < .001).ConclusionsDRG‐based models are frequently utilized but can be inaccurate when attributing mortality for an individual otolaryngology department. Otolaryngology mortalities appear to be captured and assigned more accurately by assigning deaths to the service that renders the majority of care during hospitalization.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1805–E1810, 2021
Ecosystem metabolism in tropical streams and rivers: a review and synthesis
Authors: Marzolf Nicholas S. , Ardón Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEcosystem metabolism of freshwater ecosystems has been studied for several decades, with theory and synthesis largely derived from temperate streams and rivers in North America and Europe. Advances in sensor technology and modeling have opened a wider range of streams to be included to test theories beyond temperate streams. In this paper, we review and synthesize ecosystem metabolism data from tropical streams and rivers to determine to what extent the constraints of metabolism measured in temperate streams are similar in tropical streams. We compiled 202 measurements of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) from 83 tropical streams spanning 22.2°S to 18.4°N. Overall, tropical streams were heterotrophic (ER > GPP), with GPP ranging from 0.01 to 11.7 g O2 m−2 d−1 and ER ranging from −0.2 to −42.1 g O2 m−2 d−1, similar on average to rates reviewed from temperate streams, but with higher maximum ER in tropical streams. Gross primary productivity increased with watershed area; a result also observed in temperate streams. ER decreased with elevated phosphorus and higher annual rainfall. We constructed a structural equation model that explained greater variation of ER (74%) than GPP (26%), and reflects similar drivers, such as land‐use and watershed area, as in temperate streams. We conclude that tropical stream ecosystem metabolism has similar drivers as temperate streams, and a warmer and wetter climate and human use of tropical lands will influence metabolic rates in streams.
Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts High‐Risk Explant Features and Waitlist Survival But Is Not Independently Associated With Recurrence or Survival Following Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Harding‐Theobald Emily , Yao Francis Y.K. , Mehta Neil 
Published: February 2021

We assessed the prognostic significance and the clinical stability of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) before liver transplantation (LT) in a large cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from a region with a long waitlist time. A high preoperative NLR ≥5 has been reported to predict poor outcomes following LT for HCC, and the NLR has been incorporated into several prognostic models. We evaluated 758 patients with HCC with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease exceptions and listed for LT from 2002 to 2015 at a single LT center, of which 505 underwent LT and 253 dropped out before LT. The NLR was collected in all patients at LT and, if available, between 15 and 90 days before LT (NLR2) or at dropout. An NLR ≥5 was associated with microvascular invasion (MVI), poorer tumor differentiation, and more advanced pathology on explant. Patients with an NLR ≥5 exhibited no differences in alpha‐fetoprotein, tumor burden at listing, or number of locoregional therapies compared with patients with an NLR <5. After a median post‐LT follow‐up of 4.7 years, overall survival and recurrence rates were similar for patients with an NLR ≥5 versus patients with an NLR <5. The NLR changed frequently, and 47% of patients whose NLR2 was ≥5 had an NLR <5 by LT. The NLR was ≥5 in 47.6% of patients at dropout compared with 14.9% of patients undergoing LT. Although the NLR at LT correlated with MVI and tumor stage at explant, the NLR did not predict post‐LT survival or HCC recurrence. The NLR appeared to be a relatively unstable inflammatory marker during the immediate 3 months before LT for HCC.