bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Care in Critically Ill Patients Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Johnny Jace D. , Drury Zachary , Ly Tracey , Scholine Janel 
Published: August 2021

Topic
Hospital-acquired pneumonia commonly develops after 48 hours of hospitalization and can be divided into non–ventilator-acquired and ventilator-acquired pneumonia. Prevention of non–ventilator-acquired pneumonia requires a multimodal approach. Implementation of oral care bundles can reduce the incidence of ventilator-acquired pneumonia, but the literature on oral care in other populations is limited.

Clinical Relevance
Use of noninvasive ventilation is increasing owing to positive outcomes. The incidence of non–ventilator-acquired pneumonia is higher in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation than in the general hospitalized population but remains lower than that of ventilator-acquired pneumonia. Non–ventilator-acquired pneumonia increases mortality risk and hospital length of stay.

Purpose
To familiarize nurses with the evidence regarding oral care in critically ill patients requiring noninvasive ventilation.

Content Covered
No standard of oral care exists for patients requiring noninvasive ventilation owing to variation in study findings, definitions, and methods. Oral care decreases the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia and improves comfort. Nurses perform oral care less often for nonintubated patients, as it is perceived as primarily a comfort measure. The potential risks of oral care for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation have not been explored. Further research is warranted before this practice can be fully implemented.

Conclusion
Oral care is a common preventive measure for non–ventilator-acquired pneumonia and may improve comfort. Adherence to oral care is lower for patients not receiving mechanical ventilation. Further research is needed to identify a standard of care for oral hygiene for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation and assess the risk of adverse events.
Triggers and Interventions of Patients Who Require Medical Emergency Team Reviews: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Single Versus Multiple Reviews
Authors: Byrne Gobnait , Ennis Shauna , Barnes Anne Marie , Morrison Patricia , Connors Siobhan , Quirke Mary B. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Medical emergency teams constitute part of the escalation protocol of early warning systems in many hospitals. The literature indicates that medical emergency teams may reduce hospital mortality and cardiac arrest. A greater understanding of pathways of patients who experience multiple medical emergency team reviews will inform clinical decision-making.

Objectives
To explore differences between patients who require a single medical emergency team review and those who require multiple reviews, and to identify any differences between patients who were reviewed only once during admission and patients who required multiple reviews.

Methods
Data for this retrospective cross-sectional review, including demographic data, call triggers, outcomes, and interventions, were routinely collected from January 2013 through December 2015. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) collaborative’s cross-sectional studies checklist (version 4).

Results
Of 54 787 admitted patients, 1274 (2%) required a call to a medical emergency team; of those, 260 patients (20%) needed multiple calls. Patients requiring multiple calls demonstrated higher mortality (odds ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.12–1.98]). A logistic regression model identified surgical patients and those receiving antibiotics and respiratory interventions at the first medical emergency team review as being more likely to require multiple reviews. Patients transferred to a higher level of care after the first review were less likely to require another review.

Conclusions
Patients requiring multiple medical emergency team reviews have higher mortality. Surgical patients have a higher risk of requiring multiple reviews. Hospitals need to include more details on surgical patients when auditing medical emergency team activation.
Experiences of Patients Using a Fitness Tracker to Promote Ambulation Before a Heart Transplant
Authors: Macapagal Frederick R. , Bonuel Rizalina , Rodriguez Holly , Mcclellan Emma 
Published: August 2021

Background
Patients who have an intra-aortic balloon pump or a pulmonary artery catheter with vasoactive infusion while awaiting heart transplant have reduced mobility due to heart failure and activity restrictions. Stroke volume, respiratory capacity, and muscle strength decrease, and sleep disturbances occur. Patients require motivation to enhance ambulation.

Objective
To explore patients’ experiences with a fitness tracker to promote ambulation before heart transplant.

Methods
In 2017, a fitness tracker was issued to 43 patients before heart transplant who met the study criteria, which included orders to ambulate. Semistructured interviews were conducted after 2 weeks of fitness tracker use with 8 random participants, who were followed up to enhance the credibility of and validate the findings. Responses were interpreted by using descriptive phenomenology and purposive sampling. An expert in phenomenology examined the transcript interpretations and attested that the findings were supported by the data and were internally coherent. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze data.

Results
A total of 361 significant statements were identified during the participants’ interviews and yielded 224 formulated meanings and 16 themes. Themes were categorized into 4 clusters: happy/delighted, motivator, beneficial, and future potential.

Conclusions
Participants were happy to get a fitness tracker and motivated to be active and increase activity/ambulation. Patients expressed benefits from walks: better sleep, more stamina, and feeling stronger. They believed that this intervention could have potential benefit for future patients.
Intensive Care Unit Scoring Systems
Authors: Pellathy Tiffany Purcell , Pinsky Michael R. , Hravnak Marilyn 
Published: August 2021

Background
Illness severity scoring systems are commonly used in critical care. When applied to the populations for whom they were developed and validated, these tools can facilitate mortality prediction and risk stratification, optimize resource use, and improve patient outcomes.

Objective
To describe the characteristics and applications of the scoring systems most frequently applied to critically ill patients.

Methods
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE to identify original articles on intensive care unit scoring systems published in the English language from 1980 to 2020. Search terms associated with critical care scoring systems were used alone or in combination to find relevant publications.

Results
Two types of scoring systems are most frequently applied to critically ill patients: those that predict risk of in-hospital mortality at the time of intensive care unit admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, and Mortality Probability Models) and those that assess and characterize current degree of organ dysfunction (Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System). This article details these systems’ differing features and timing of use, score calculation, patient populations, and comparative performance data.

Conclusion
Critical care nurses must be aware of the strengths, limitations, and specific characteristics of severity scoring systems commonly used in intensive care unit patients to effectively employ these tools in clinical practice and critically appraise research findings based on their use.
Mobilization of Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Before Lung Transplant
Authors: Patrick Kelly , Adams Anthony 
Published: August 2021

Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly used to provide cardiopulmonary support to patients awaiting lung transplant. Although studies have shown that these patients benefit from early mobilization, the care team often has concerns about related complications, particularly for patients requiring femoral cannulation.

Objective
To assess the safety of mobilizing patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before lung transplant using a standardized mobility protocol.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of the electronic health records of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before or immediately after lung transplant who were mobilized according to a standardized protocol from April through October 2018. The setting was an 18-bed cardiothoracic intensive care unit in a Magnet-designated teaching hospital. Patients were helped to ambulate by an interdisciplinary team, with careful assessment for any related complications.

Results
During the study period, 37 patients received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 9 were mobilized. Two hundred forty-two therapy sessions were conducted involving 47 700 feet of ambulation. Patients experienced the following complications: chugging (1 patient), decrease in flow rate (2 patients), bleeding at the cannula site (2 patients), neck hyperextension (1 patient), fear/anxiety (1 patient), and shortness of breath (2 patients). Bleeding and neck hyperextension led to discontinuation of therapy until the problems were resolved. No changes were made to the protocol.

Conclusions
Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before lung transplant, including those with femoral cannulation, can be mobilized safely with the use of an interprofessional ambulation protocol. Further evaluation is indicated, including research on clinical outcomes.
Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Paraguayan Adults Using Quantile Regression
Authors: Lee Hocheol , Kim Ji Eon , Amarilla Adriana , Kang Yanghee , Boram  , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: August 2021

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the double burden of malnutrition as the new face of malnutrition. This is a serious problem in Latin American countries, especially Paraguay, which has a high obesity rate. This study aimed to gather data to inform a national strategy for confronting the doubleburden challenge in Paraguay by i) identifying whether the body mass index (BMI) of study subjects differed significantly according to social determinants, and ii) assessing the factors affecting BMI and the extent of their impact according to BMI quantile levels. Design and methods Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO World Health Survey. We collected 2,200 responses from September 16 to October 7, 2018. After excluding the questionnaires with missing data, we analyzed 1,994 respondents aged 18 years and older living in Limpio, Paraguay. The analyses included t-test and chi-squared test to identify significant differences and 10th quantile regression to assess associations. Results Analyses showed significant differences in participants’ BMI levels based on age and diagnoses of diabetes or hypertension. In quantile regression analyses, age was significantly associated with BMI quantiles at all but one level. Educational attainment was significantly associated with the 10-40% and 60-70% quantiles of BMI. Conclusions Age, education level, diabetes, and hypertension were significant predictors of obesity. Obesity programs that focus on people aged more than 60 years are required. In addition, targeted nutritional education may be a useful intervention.
The utility of ‘home-made’ reagent red blood cells for antibody screening during pre-transfusion compatibility testing in Uganda
Authors: Natukunda Bernard , Wagubi Robert , Taremwa Ivan , Okongo Benson , Mbalibulha Yona , Teramura Gayle , Delaney Meghan 
Published: August 2021

Background: The WHO recommends that pre-transfusion testing should include ABO/RhD grouping followed by screen- ing for red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). However, in Uganda, current practice does not include RBC alloantibody screening.
Objective: To assess the utility of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs in alloantibody screening.
Materials and methods: In a laboratory-based study, group O RhD positive volunteer donors were recruited and their extended phenotype performed for C, c, E, e, K, Fya, Fyb Jkb, S and s antigens. These ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs were preserved using Alsever’s solution and alloantibody detection tests performed. For quality assurance, repeat alloantibody screening of patients’ samples was done at Bloodworks Northwest Laboratory in Seattle, United States.
Results: A total of 36 group O RhD positive individuals were recruited as reagent RBC donors (median age, 25 years; range, 21 – 58 years; male-to-female ratio, 1.6:1). Out of the 311 IATs performed, 32 (10.3%) were positive. Confirmatory IAT testing in the United States was in agreement with the findings in Uganda.
Conclusion: Use of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs during pre-transfusion testing in Uganda is feasible. We recommend the introduction of pre-transfusion IAT alloantibody screening in Uganda using ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs to improve trans- fusion safety.
Keywords: Blood transfusion; ‘Home-made’ reagent RBCs; Pre-transfusion testing; RBC alloantibody screening; Uganda.
University students' perceptions and factors contributing to obesity and overweigh in Southern of Morocco
Authors: Boukrim Mohamed , Obtel Majdouline , Lahlou Laila , Razine Rachid 
Published: August 2021

Background: Weight load is a cosmopolitan health problem. In Morocco, women are the most affected by the phenomenon since obesity has risen from 26.8% to 29.0%.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of weight load and associated factors among female students in higher education.
Methods: Data were collected by a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made using a scale and a wall-mount- ed scale. Data were analysed by the statistical software SPSS version 13.0. Quantitative variables were described in mean ± standard deviation. Factors associated with obesity were determined by binary logistic regression.
Results: About two-thirds of the students had a normal weight, 21% were overweight and 3% were obese. In addition, 58% of students were physically inactive and 77% ate cake and fast food. In addition, 63% of students were dissatisfied with their weight. A significant relationship is found between level of primary education, type of establishment, cake and fast food consumption and weight load.
Conclusion: The results revealed that 24% of participants were weight load and had behavioral risk factors such as a sed- entary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet, which requires the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among these students as well as psychological support for those dissatisfied with their body image.
Keywords: Weight load; obesity; overweight; perception; female students; higher education; Morocco.
Liberal Democracy in Context of Pakistan And Bangladesh
Authors: Bibi Shehnaz 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to understand the democracy and the challenges towards liberal democracy. Desk review and thorough document analysis have been used to dig out the challenges for liberal democracy. Politically liberal democracies are contextualized and more flexible, assure the freedom of speech and enable voters for alternatives in case of incapable governments. The central view of liberal democracy is that every citizen must be treated on an equal basis.
Pakistan and Bangladesh (separated from Pakistan in 1971) are the democratic republic countries by constitutional arrangements. The political system of both countries is based upon the elected people and then the elected people generate further policies, rules, laws, and regulations for governing the system in states. Theoretically, both states consist of governments, political parties, and official apparatus of military and civil society organizations. However, historically both countries remained unable to continue the democratic systems due to recurrent involvement and intervention by the military, undemocratic institutions, terrorism and extremism, political disorder, and uncertainty from their inception.
Using mock interviews to prepare pharmacy students for professional placement: Results from a pilot study
Authors: Kosari Sam , Bushell Mary , Mulhall Stephanie , Thomas Jackson , Austin Zubin , Naunton Mark 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Mock interviews were introduced into a second-year pharmacy course with an embedded pharmacy placement. The aim was to prepare pharmacy students for interviews with possible preceptors when seeking community pharmacy placements. This study aimed to assess students’ perspectives on the impact of this activity.
Methods: Second year pharmacy students (n = 35) were provided with general interview guidance and participated in mock placement interviews conducted by community pharmacists. After participating in the mock interview, students were invited to complete two online questionnaires. The first questionnaire was completed following the mock interview and the second questionnaire was completed after students had secured professional placements. Both surveys contained multiple domains including student approach to placement, perceived impact of the mock interview on confidence and preparation, application of the feedback on their real-life interview, understanding employer priorities, linkage with the curriculum and overall student satisfaction.
Results: Following the mock interview, most participants (89.5%, n = 17) indicated that they felt better prepared to approach a placement preceptor and for the interview process. All participants who completed the first questionnaire (100%, n = 19) agreed that the feedback following the mock interview was helpful. After securing a placement, more than half (56.5%, n = 13) indicated that they used the skillsets developed during the mock interview when approaching a placement preceptor.
Conclusion: The inclusion of mock interviews in the pharmacy curricula was found beneficial and conducive to enhanced skills and confidence in students’ career development.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pendayagunaan Aset Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Riau
Authors: Andika Surya , Ramadhani Siti 
Published: August 2021

Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Riau adalah suatu instansi yang bertugas melaksanakan urusan pemerintahan dan perkebunan. Provinsi Riau memiliki dua jenis aset, yaitu aset tetap dan aset tidak tetap, untuk itu diperlukan nya sebuah sistem informasi untuk pendayagunaan aset. Sementara sistem yang digunakan saat ini untuk pengajuan dan pencatatan laporan aset masih dilakukan secara manual menggunakan formulir pengajuan kemudian diserahkan kebagian perlengkapan aset dan dalam pencatatan aset masih menggunakan pembukuan laporan informasi aset. Dari masalah tersebut juga terdapat keluhan dari beberapa pegawai dari bidang lain, dengan proses yang cukup ribet karena harus bolak balik ke ruangan perlengkapan dalam pengajuan permintaan barang. Untuk mempermudah pengelolaan nya, dibuatlah sebuah Sistem Informasi Pendayagunaan Aset yang di harapkan dapat membantu kinerja pegawai Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Riau. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem adalah metode Agile dengan aktifitas yang berpusat pada pengembangan model menggunakan Unified Model Language(UML). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian blackbox dan User Acceptance Test(UAT) didapatkan bahwa Sistem Informasi yang telah dirancang dapat memudahkan pekerjaan pegawai, dan administrator bidang perlengkapan/aset dalam melakukan pengajuan aset, konfirmasi pengajuan, cetak laporan aset dan pengelolaan data aset.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendataan Hardware
Authors: Islami Alvin Anzas , Ramadhani Siti 
Published: August 2021

Currently, advances in information technology have had a tremendous impact in all aspects of life, especially PTIPD UIN SUSKA RIAU also requires information technology that can assist employees' work. With information technology, data at PTIPD UIN SUSKA RIAU can be processed quickly and efficiently to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of completing work and the scope of communication and information. The processing of hardware data collection documentation carried out by PTIPD is still carried out outside the system, causing the data collection documentation process to be longer and less efficient. The solution given to overcome this problem is to make a hardware data collection system. Making a hardware data collection system included in the system provides information about the list of goods and officers. While the software used is a DBMS (DataBase Management System) used as a data storage medium is MySql, the programming languages ​​PHP, CSS, JavaScript, and HTML are used as interfaces, which aim to make it easier users and administrators to manipulate data.
Penyuluhan Tentang Bahaya Narkoba di Sekolah Menengah Atas Muhammadiyah Prambanan Sleman
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo 
Published: August 2021

Penyuluhan Tentang Bahaya Narkoba di Sekolah Menengah Atas Muhammadiyah PrambananSleman. Penyalahgunaan narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang di kalangan generasi muda dewasa inikian meningkat sehingga memerlukan upaya untuk menyelamatkan generasi muda dari bahaya yangditimbulkannya. Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi bahaya narkoba bagi siswaSMA Muhammadiyah Prambanan Sleman. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhanmenggunakan slide powerpoint. Sasaran kegiatan melibatkan siswa. Kegiatan berjalan lancar dansiswa sangat antusias mengikuti. Penyuluhan memberikan kontribusi positif kepada siswa dalammeningkatkan pengetahuan bahaya narkoba Kata kunci: Penyuluhan, bahaya narkoba
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA PENEMUAN KASUS TB PARU PETUGAS PUSKESMAS DI KABUPATEN MERANGIN
Authors: Lestari Tri 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Background : The policy of Pulmonary TB control program in Indonesia iscurrently by using DOTS strategy. In the case detection of Pulmonary TB, one of the indicators used is Case Detection Rate (CDR). The case detection rate in Indonesia in 2014 was only 46%, and the figure has not reached of the target. Similarly, the Merangin Regency in the case detection of Pulmonary TB is only 50.14% in 2014.The purpose : of this research is to discover factors influencing the performance in the case detection of Pulmonary TB of Puskesmas Officers in Merangin Regency.Research Methodology: The method of this research was quantitative research by using Cross Sectional approach. The research was conducted in 18 Puskesmas in Merangin Regency. Subjects or respondents in this research were all officers of Pulmonary TB program in 18 Puskesmas which amounted to 31 peoples. The data was obtained by questionnaire. The data was analyzed in univariat and bivariate by using chi-square test at 95% confidence level (P_Value <0,05).Results: The results show that there is an influence between knowledge and the performance in the case detection of Pulmonary TB (P_Value 0,016), there is influence between leadership and the performance in the case detection of Pulmonary TB (P_Value 0,005), there is influence between motivation and the performance in the case detection of Pulmonary TB (P_Value 0,011).Conclusion: Knowledge, leadership and motivation can influence the performance in the case detection of Pulmonary TB of Puskesmas officers in Merangin Regency.