bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corpus-assisted analysis of the collocational profiles of the terms denoting elderly care workers
Authors: Russo Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the terms used in the Macmillan Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary to identify the people who are paid to provide care to the elderly and check their presence in a corpus – professional home care (PHC) – of three UK-based specialised websites.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on the frameworks and methods of corpus-assisted Discourse Analysis (Baker, 2006). The terms were extracted from a corpus of British websites of companies providing PHC services.

Findings
This study highlights that in the PHC corpus, the words “caregiver” and “carer” are used as synonyms at the level of popular communication, whereas “care assistant” and “care worker” are used for intra-specialistic communication. The analysis also points out the variations in terminology observed in the corpora that are intended for different communication contexts, e.g. how professionals define themselves compared to how external actors identify them.

Originality/value
This paper provides insight into the terminological aspects of caregiving in the professional field through a corpus-based study on specialised terminology integrating lexicographic considerations. This methodological framework can capture the sociolinguistic attitudes of speakers.
When the threat is stronger than the execution: trade and welfare under oligopoly
Authors: Leahy Dermot , Neary J. Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe compare the effects of changes in trade costs on trade volumes and on the gains from trade under Cournot and Bertrand competition. In both cases, the threshold trade costs below which the possibility of trade affects the domestic firm's behavior is the same; and welfare is U‐shaped under reasonable conditions. However, welfare is typically greater under Bertrand competition; for higher trade costs the volume of trade is greater under Cournot competition, implying a “van‐der‐Rohe Region”; and, for even higher trade costs, there exists a “Nimzowitsch Region”, where welfare is higher under Bertrand competition even though no trade takes place.
Filled prescriptions for opioids among children and adolescents – A nationwide study from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Hamina Aleksi , Handal Marte , Fredheim Olav , Clausen Thomas , Chen Li‐Chia , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrescribing opioids for children and adolescents should be reserved for advanced life‐limiting diseases and moderate‐to‐severe acute pain. Pediatric codeine use is discouraged by several authorities, but the effects of these recommendations are not fully known. We investigated opioid utilization trends among 0–18‐year‐olds and characterized those who filled ≥1 opioid prescriptions, with emphasis on those who did so >3 times within a year.MethodsThe prevalence of filled opioid prescriptions among 0–18‐year‐old Norwegians in 2010–2018 (N = 77,942) was measured from nationwide healthcare registries. Characteristics, healthcare utilization, and other drug use of those who newly filled 1, 2–3, or >3 opioid prescriptions in 2011–2014 were compared to 2015–2018, excluding persons with cancer.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2018, the prevalence of opioid use decreased from 9.0 to 7.0 per 1000 persons. The largest decrease was among children <12 years, from 4.1 to 0.4 per 1000 persons, mainly due to decreasing codeine use. The proportion of those who filled >3 opioid prescriptions was 2.1% in 2011–2014 and 3.1% in 2015–2018. Those with >3 dispensations had a median of 4 contacts/year with secondary healthcare (interquartile range 2–7); the most frequent diagnoses indicated post‐surgery follow‐up. Most commonly dispensed other drugs were non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.ConclusionsOpioid dispensations for the young have declined in recent years. Multiple opioid dispensations were rare and associated with frequent healthcare utilization. Reducing codeine is in line with recommendations, but the effects of decreased opioid use on the quality of pain management remain unknown.
Emergency clinician participation and performance in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Merit‐based Incentive Payment System
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Han Christopher R. , Granovsky Michael A. , Berdahl Carl T. , Kocher Keith E. , Mehrotra Abhishek , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Aldeen Amer Z. , Griffey Richard T. , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Merit‐based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) is the largest national pay‐for‐performance program and the first to afford emergency clinicians unique financial incentives for quality measurement and improvement. With little known regarding its impact on emergency clinicians, we sought to describe participation in the MIPS and examine differences in performance scores and payment adjustments based on reporting affiliation and reporting strategy.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 2018 Quality Payment Program (QPP) Experience Report data set. We categorized emergency clinicians by their reporting affiliation (individual, group, MIPS alternative payment model [APM]), MIPS performance scores, and Medicare Part B payment adjustments. We calculated performance scores for common quality measures contributing to the quality category score if reported through qualified clinical data registries (QCDRs) or claims‐based reporting strategies.ResultsIn 2018, a total of 59,828 emergency clinicians participated in the MIPS—1,246 (2.1%) reported as individuals, 43,404 (72.5%) reported as groups, and 15,178 (25.4%) reported within MIPS APMs. Clinicians reporting as individuals earned lower overall MIPS scores (median [interquartile range {IQR}] = 30.8 [15.0–48.2] points) than those reporting within groups (median [IQR] = 88.4 [49.3–100.0]) and MIPS APMs (median [IQR] = 100.0 [100.0–100.0]; p < 0.001) and more frequently incurred penalties with a negative payment adjustment. Emergency clinicians had higher measure scores if reporting QCDR or QPP non–emergency medicine specialty set measures.ConclusionsEmergency clinician participation in national value‐based programs is common, with one in four participating through MIPS APMs. Those employing specific strategies such as QCDR and group reporting received the highest MIPS scores and payment adjustments, emphasizing the role that reporting strategy and affiliation play in the quality of care.
EU milk quota abolition, dairy expansion, and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Läpple Doris , Carter Colin A. , Buckley Cathal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores therelationship among farm‐level productivity growth, scale, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity during a time period of significant agricultural policy change affecting Ireland's dairy industry. Specifically, we focus on the 2015 EU milk quota abolition, which initiated major dairy expansion in Ireland. We use a representative sample of Irish dairy farms from 2000 to 2017, that includes data on farm specific GHG emissions. Based on this detailed farm level panel data set, we estimate productivity with a control function approach. We then apply fixed effects and dynamic panel data methods to explore the implications of productivity and scale on GHG emission intensity. Our findings indicate that increased productivity is negatively associated with GHG emission intensity, which changes with distinct milk quota abolition phases. Overall, our findings are important for understanding the relationship between policy reforms and GHG emissions in agriculture, and how to improve agricultural mitigation strategies.
Hyperhydration with cisplatin does not influence pemetrexed exposure
Authors: de Rouw Nikki , Derijks Hieronymus J. , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Boosman René J. , Piet Berber , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Burgers Jacobus A. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , Croes Sander , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Burger David M. , Biesma Bonne , ter Heine Rob 
Published: August 2021

Pemetrexed is a cytotoxic drug for first‐line treatment of lung cancer. It is often combined with other anticancer drugs such as cisplatin or carboplatin. In clinical practice, hyperhydration regimens are applied to overcome cisplatin‐related nephrotoxicity. As pemetrexed is almost completely eliminated from the body by the kidneys, hyperhydration can result in augmented clearance. Furthermore, administration of large quantities of fluid may increase the volume of distribution of pemetrexed. Pharmacokinetics and, thus, efficacy and toxicity may be influenced by hyperhydration. This has not yet been properly studied. We performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis to assess hyperhydration as a covariate for pemetrexed clearance and for volume of distribution A relevant change was defined as >25% increase in clearance or volume of distribution. In our extensive dataset of 133 individuals, we found that hyperhydration did not significantly or relevantly explain variability in pemetrexed clearance (unchanged, P = .196) or volume of distribution (+7% change, P = .002), despite a power of >99% to detect a relevant change. Therefore, dose adjustments of pemetrexed are not required during hyperhydration with cisplatin.
A riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma: How semantic black boxes and opaque artificial intelligence confuse medical decision‐making
Authors: Pierce Robin , Sterckx Sigrid , Van Biesen Wim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare comes with opportunities but also numerous challenges. A specific challenge that remains underexplored is the lack of clear and distinct definitions of the concepts used in and/or produced by these algorithms, and how their real world meaning is translated into machine language and vice versa, how their output is understood by the end user. This “semantic” black box adds to the “mathematical” black box present in many AI systems in which the underlying “reasoning” process is often opaque. In this way, whereas it is often claimed that the use of AI in medical applications will deliver “objective” information, the true relevance or meaning to the end‐user is frequently obscured. This is highly problematic as AI devices are used not only for diagnostic and decision support by healthcare professionals, but also can be used to deliver information to patients, for example to create visual aids for use in shared decision‐making. This paper provides an examination of the range and extent of this problem and its implications, on the basis of cases from the field of intensive care nephrology. We explore how the problematic terminology used in human communication about the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of concepts of intensive care nephrology becomes a much more complicated affair when deployed in the form of algorithmic automation, with implications extending throughout clinical care, affecting norms and practices long considered fundamental to good clinical care.
Extracting brain disease‐related connectome subgraphs by adaptive dense subgraph discovery
Authors: Wu Qiong , Huang Xiaoqi , Culbreth Adam J. , Waltz James A. , Hong L. Elliot , Chen Shuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGroup‐level brain connectome analysis has attracted increasing interest in neuropsychiatric research with the goal of identifying connectomic subnetworks (subgraphs) that are systematically associated with brain disorders. However, extracting disease‐related subnetworks from the whole brain connectome has been challenging, because no prior knowledge is available regarding the sizes and locations of the subnetworks. In addition, neuroimaging data are often mixed with substantial noise that can further obscure informative subnetwork detection. We propose a likelihood‐based adaptive dense subgraph discovery (ADSD) model to extract disease‐related subgraphs from the group‐level whole brain connectome data. Our method is robust to both false positive and false negative errors of edge‐wise inference and thus can lead to a more accurate discovery of latent disease‐related connectomic subnetworks. We develop computationally efficient algorithms to implement the novel ADSD objective function and derive theoretical results to guarantee the convergence properties. We apply the proposed approach to a brain fMRI study for schizophrenia research and identify well‐organized and biologically meaningful subnetworks that exhibit schizophrenia‐related salience network centered connectivity abnormality. Analysis of synthetic data also demonstrates the superior performance of the ADSD method for latent subnetwork detection in comparison with existing methods in various settings.
The current recommendation for the management of isolated high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Morote Juan , Schwartzmann Iván , Celma Anna , Roche Sarai , de Torres Inés M. , Mast Richard , Semidey Maria E. , Regis Lucas , Santamaria Anna , Planas Jacques , Trilla Enrique 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the current predictive value of isolated high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection in repeat biopsies.Patients and MethodsA cohort of 293 men with isolated HGPIN detected in previous biopsies performed without multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and who underwent repeat biopsy within 1 to 3 years, was analysed. Pre‐repeat biopsy mpMRI and guided biopsies to suspicious lesions (Prostate Imaging – Reporting and Data System [PI‐RADS] ≥3) and/or and systematic biopsies were performed. Persistent prostate cancer (PCa) suspicion, defined as sustained serum prostate‐specific antigen level >4 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination, was present in 248 men (84.6%), and was absent in 45 men (15.4%). A control group of 190 men who had no previous HGPIN, atypical small acinar proliferation or HGPIN with atypia who were scheduled to undergo repeat biopsy due to persistent PCa suspicion were also analysed. csPCa was defined as tumours of Grade Group ≥2.ResultsIn the subset of 45 men with isolated HGPIN, in whom PCa suspicion disappeared, only one csPCa (2.2%) and one insignificant PCa (iPCa) were detected. csPCa was detected in 34.7% of men with persistent PCa suspicion and previous HGPIN, and in 28.4% of those without previous HGPIN (P =0.180). iPCa was detected in 12.1% and 6.3%, respectively (P =0.039). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of csPCa detection was not predicted by previous HGPIN: odds ratio (OR) 1.369 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.894–2.095; P =0.149); however, previous HGPIN increased the risk of iPCa detection: OR 2.043 (95% CI 1.016–4.109; P =0.006).ConclusionThe risk of csPCa in men with isolated HGPIN, in whom PCa suspicion disappears, is extremely low. Moreover, in those men in whom PCa suspicion persists, the risk of csPCa is not influenced by the previous finding of HGPIN. However, previous HGPIN increases the risk of iPCa detection. Therefore, repeat prostate biopsy should not be recommended solely because of a previous HGPIN.
Management of benign anastomotic strictures following rectal resection: a systematic review
Authors: Clifford Rachael Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley , Manu Nicola , Vimalachandran Dale 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimBenign anastomotic strictures following colorectal surgical resection are a commonly under‐reported complication in up to 30% of patients, with a significant impact upon quality of life. In this systematic review, we aim to assess the utility of endoscopic techniques in avoiding the need for surgical reintervention.MethodA literature search was performed for published full text articles using the PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Additional papers were found by scanning the references of relevant papers.ResultsA total of 34 papers were included, focusing upon balloon dilatation, endoscopic stenting, electroincision, stapler stricturoplasty and cortiocosteroids alone and in combination, with success rates varying from 20% to 100%. The most challenging strictures were reported as those with a narrow lumen, frequently observed following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or an anastomotic leak. Endoscopic balloon dilatation was the most commonly used first‐line method; however, repeated dilatations were often required and this was associated with an increased risk of perforation. Although initial success rates for stents were good, patients often experienced stent migration and local symptoms. Only a small number of patients experienced endoscopic management failure and progressed to surgical intervention.ConclusionFollowing identification of an anastomotic stricture and exclusion of underlying malignancy, endoscopic management is both safe and feasible as a first‐line option, even if multiple treatment exposures or multimodal management is required. Surgical resection or a defunctioning stoma should be reserved for emergency or failed cases. Further research is required into multimodal and novel therapies to improve quality of life for these patients.
Highs and downs: A scoping review of public opinion about cannabis, alcohol and tobacco in Canada
Authors: Cloutier Adrien , Tremblay‐Antoine Camille , Dufresne Yannick , Fréchet Nadjim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssues: Since the legalisation of cannabis in October 2018, Canada has emerged as a privileged place for research on the properties of this substance, its health effects, but also on its relation with public opinion. However, this scoping review points out the complexity of tracing the evolution of Canadian public opinion on cannabis based on available scientific data. Approach: This review follows the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and summarises more than 60 years of research on Canadians' public opinion, perception and knowledge of cannabis. The study also includes alcohol and tobacco in order to provide a meaningful comparison between substances. Key Findings: One hundred and sixty‐one references selected from over 30 000 studies, with the oldest dating back to 1956, show that public opinion on cannabis is under‐studied in Canada compared to alcohol and tobacco. Young people and students are among the most studied populations, unlike Aboriginal communities, immigrants and elderly people. The study reveals the absence of experts in public opinion and political communication, and calls for an imperative need for theoretical frameworks rooted in the work of social scientists. Implication: These findings do not suggest slowing the rate of publication on alcohol, tobacco, youth or students. Rather, they encourage increasing the rate of publication on other substances used and on other groups also targeted as being particularly at risk of misuse. Conclusion: New studies need to measure and contribute to the understanding of Canadian public opinion on cannabis in comparison with public policies currently in place.
Recursive adaptation in action: allochronic isolation and divergence of host‐associated populations of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, following its recent introduction to the western USA
Authors: Mattsson Monte , Hood Glen Ray , Yee Wee L. , Doellman Meredith M. , Bruzzese Daniel J. , Goughnour Robert B. , Driscoe Amanda L. , Van Dexter Seth , Tait Cheyenne , Glover Mary M. , Meyers Pete , Ruedas Luis A. , Feder Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn outstanding issue in the study of insect host races concerns the idea of ‘recursive adaptive divergence’, whereby adaptation can occur repeatedly across space and/or time, and the most recent adaptive episode is defined by one or more previously similar cases. The host plant shift of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae, Carpomyini), from ancestral downy hawthorn [Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele] to introduced, domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in the eastern USA has long served as a model system for investigating ecologically driven host race formation in phytophagous insect specialists. Here, we report results from an annual geography survey of eclosion time demonstrating a similar ecological pattern among nascent host‐associated populations of the fly recently introduced ca. 40 years ago from its native range in the east into the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the USA. Specifically, using data collected from 25 locations across 5 years, we show that apple‐infesting fly populations in the PNW have rapidly and repeatedly shifted (and maintained differences in) their adult eclosion life‐history timing to infest two novel hawthorn hosts with different fruiting phenologies – a native species (Crataegus douglasii Lindl.) and an introduced species (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) – generating partial allochronic reproductive isolation in the process. The shifts in the PNW parallel the classic case of host race formation in the eastern USA, but have occurred bi‐directionally to two hawthorn species with phenologies slightly earlier (black hawthorn) and significantly later (ornamental hawthorn) than apple. Our results imply that R. pomonella can both possess and retain extensive‐standing variation (i.e., ‘adaptive memory’) in diapause traits, even following introductions, to rapidly and temporally track novel phenological host opportunities when they arise. Thus, ‘specialized’ host races may not constitute evolutionary dead ends. Rather, adaptive phenotypic and genetic memory may carry over from one host shift to the next, recursively facilitating host race formation in phytophagous insects.
Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective analysis of occult hemorrhagic magnetic resonance imaging lesions and risk factors
Authors: Bachmann Helen , Cambron Melissa , Casselman Jan W. , Van Driessche Veroniek , Van Haute Eline , Van Hijfte Liesbeth , Kelderman Tim , Hemelsoet Dimitri , Laureys Guy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlemtuzumab, a monoclonal CD52 antibody, is a high‐efficacy disease‐modifying‐therapy in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Recently, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was reported as a possible treatment‐related adverse event. Arterial hypertension during infusion was suggested as a potential cause, although platelet or endothelial dysfunction may also contribute. This study aimed to screen for occult hemorrhagic cerebral lesions after alemtuzumab treatment and to further elucidate risk factors.MethodsWe included 30 RRMS patients who received alemtuzumab treatment at Ghent University Hospital or Sint‐Jan Bruges Hospital. Retrospective data concerning vital signs, adverse effects and thrombocyte levels during treatment were collected. The occurrence of occult intracranial hemorrhagic lesions was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging with susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI).ResultsThe mean (standard deviation [SD]) systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the morning, afternoon and evening was 120 (3.38) mmHg during first administration and 114 (4.40) mmHg during second administration (N = 13). There was no significant increase in SBP when comparing morning, afternoon and evening per day, nor was there a significant difference in daily mean SBP between consecutive administration days. Thrombocyte count during treatment cycles ranged between 107 × 109/L and 398 × 109/L, with a mean (SD) absolute reduction of 59.3 × 109/L (50.65) or a mean (SD) relative reduction of 25.0 (12.84)% (N = 20). No patient had ICH, nor did SWI show any cerebral microbleeds or other hemorrhagic lesions post‐treatment (N = 23).ConclusionsIn our patient population, alemtuzumab treatment was not associated with arterial hypertension, ICH or occult microbleeds. Possible differences in administration regimen (ambulatory vs. in‐hospital setting) and patient population (cardiovascular risk) might explain an increased risk in different populations.