bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التحقيق في تصورات طلاب الدراسات العليا نحو تعلم اللغة الانجليزية كلغة أجنبية عبر منصة جوجل للفصول الدراسية
Authors: صباح جميل الخياط علي 
Published: June 2021

يدرسون طلبة الدراسات العليا في الجامعات العراقية اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة إنجليزية لأغراض خاصة والإنجليزية للأغراض العامة. يتم تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية في المدارس والجامعات العراقية. شهد استخدام التكنولوجيا في التدريس انتشارًا واسعًا في جميع أنحاء العالم في السنوات الاخيرة. وفرت التكنولوجيا فرصة للتعلم خارج الفصل الدراسي الذي أصبح أداة للتعليم والتعلم. أكثر طرق التعليم المتوفرة والواقعية عبر التكنولوجيا هو استخدام منصة جوجل للفصول الدراسية المجانية. يوفر التدريس عبر منصة الفصول الدراسية اتصالًا حقيقيًا بين المعلم والمتعلمين، والمواد الأصلية من المصادر الحية، ووسائل مساعدة الوسائط المتعددة، والتعاون بين الأقران، والتغذية الراجعة، وأنظمة الدرجات المتنوعة، ومنح الواجبات. تحقيقًا لهذه الغاية، تهدف الدراسة الى الكشف عن تصورات طلاب الدراسات العليا تجاه تعلم اللغة الانجليزية لاغراض خاصة عبر منصة جوجل للفصول الدراسية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة، تم صياغة السؤال التالي "ما هي تصورات طلبة الدراسات العليا تجاه تعلم اللغة الانجليزية لاغراض خاصى عبر منصة جوجل للفصول الدراسية؟" كان المشاركون 24 طالبًا للدراسات العليا يدرسون مساق اللغة الإنجليزية لاغراض خاصة من قسم اللغة العربية، كلية الآداب، جامعة الأنبار خلال العام الدراسي الأول 2019-2020. لجمع بيانات الدراسة، تم بناء استبيان الاتجاهات. تم حساب الصدق والثبات بالوسائل الاحصائية. كشفت النتائج أن هناك مواقف إيجابية تجاه التعلم عبر منصة جوجل للفصول الدراسية. لقد طورت الطريقة قابلية الطلبة في اللغة الانجليزية بطريقة ممتعة ومرحة.
فاعلية استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي في تنمية التفكير الاستدلالي والتحصيل الدراسي في مادة القرآن الكريم والتربية الاسلامية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة
Authors: عبد الرحمن اسماعيل وليد 
Published: June 2021

هدف البحث معرفة (فاعلية استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي في تنمية التفكير الاستدلالي والتحصيل الدراسي في مادة القرآن الكريم والتربية الاسلامية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة ,اعتمد الباحث خلفية نظرية ودراسات سابقة للإفادة منها في متطلبات البحث واجراءاته. استعمل الباحث المنهج التجريبي للتوصل الى نتائج البحث وتكونت عينة البحث من (60) طالباً موزعين بشكل عشوائي على مجموعتين الاولى تجريبية تضم (29) طالباً درست باستعمال استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي والثانية المجموعة الضابطة وتضم (31) طالباً درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية . كافأ الباحث بين المجموعتين في متغيرات الذكاء ودرجات مادة القرآن الكريم والتربية الاسلامية للمرحلة السابقة واختبار معلومات سابقة عن مادة القرآن الكريم والتربية الاسلامية , وقد صاغ الباحث (50) هدفاً سلوكياً وأعدُ خططاً تدريسية لموضوعات القرآن الكريم والتربية الاسلامية في ضوء محتوى الكتاب والاهداف السلوكية المصوغة . واعد الباحث اختباراً تحصيلياً يتألف من (20)فقرة وكذلك اختباراً لقياس مهارات التفكير الاستدلالي مكون من (20) فقرة , وقد توصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية : وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وهذا الفرق يعود لصالح المجموعة التجريبية , وكذلك وجود قرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط الفروق لدرجات الاختبار التفكير الاستدلالي القبلي والبعدي يعود لصالح المجموعة التجريبية
A Study of Manipulation in Some Selected Reports
Authors: ' Jawad Almagsosi Alia , H. Alghezzy Khalida 
Published: June 2021

الدراسة الحالية تعنى بالتلاعب اللغوي كأحد الظواهر اللغوية المهمة. التلاعب هو "مصطلح لغوي يتمتع بإمكانيات إبداعية كبيرة ، وهو أولاً وقبل كل شيء موضوعي في إطار نظرية التلاعب اللغوي". يتضمن الحقل الدلالي الواسع الانتشار وغير الواضح لكلمة "التلاعب" العناصر الأساسية مثل نية المتحدث "السلبية" والسرية "غير الواضحة للمستمع" شخصية التأثير.
تهدف الدراسة إلى: عرض مفهوم التلاعب وأنواعه وإظهار استخدام التلاعب في تقريرين عن مرتفعات الجولان قدمتهما CNN وRT الاخباريتين.
اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية نموذج تحليلي انتقائي في التحليل, ( Issers,2008) , (Maluga and et al,2018) و .(Leontive, 1999) وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن التلاعب ينقسم إلى خمسة أنواع رئيسية حسب: "طبيعة التفاعل بين الموضوع والشيء ، وإدراك الأفعال اللفظية ، ونوع أفعال الكلام وطبيعة استجابة المتلقي ، والتركيز الموضوعي لجهود التلاعب" وهناك تشابه CNN كبير في استخدام التلاعب وأنواعه في كلا التقريرين. حيث لوحظ ان قناة
استخدمت التلاعب اللغوي المباشر بنسبة 100% اما فيما يخص القناة فانها استخدمت التلاعب اللغوي المباشر وغير المباشر بنسبه 50%.
Analisis Finansial Peternakan Sapi Perah Peternak Gapoktan Sumber Mulya di Kabupaten Kepahiang Bengkulu
Authors: Suherman Dadang , Sutriyono Sutriyono 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan usaha peternakan sapi perah peternak Gapoktan Sumber Mulya di Kabupaten Kepahiang Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2018 pada usaha peternakan sapi perah peternak Gapoktan Sumber Mulya di Kabupaten Kepahiang Bengkulu. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan kemudian ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis finansial dengan kriteria (Return On Invesment, Payback Period, Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio, dan Internal Rate of Return). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Return On Invesment (22,82 %) lebih tinggi daripada tingkat suku bunga deposito (9 %). Jangka waktu pengembalian Payback Period (4 tahun 5 bulan) merupakan hasil periode lebih maksimum yang diperkirakan usaha (10 tahun), Net Present Value (Rp. 25.421.240,00), dan Benefit Cost Ratio (1,45) mempunyai nilai positif dan nilai lebih tinggi (daripada 1), perkiraan nilai Internal Rate of Return (28,45 %) adalah lebih tinggi daripada tingkat suku bunga kredit 18 %. Hasil kesimpulan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan sapi perah peternak Gapoktan Sumber Mulya dinyatakan layak secara finansial.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Terhadap Total Padatan, Kesegaran, Dan Sensoris Susu Pasteurisasi
Authors: Ismiarti Ismiarti , Rohmat Nur 
Published: June 2021

Pasteurisasi perlu dilakukan untuk menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen pada susu sebelum dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penambahan ekstrak kayu manis untuk meningkatkan kualitas susu pasteurisasi ditinjau dari total padatan, kesegaran, dan sensoris Sampel yang digunakan berupa susu murni yang diambil dari peternakan rakyat di Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas : P0 = susu sapi pasteurisasi + 0% ekstrak kayu manis (kontrol), P1 = susu sapi pasteurisasi + 2 % ekstrak kayu manis, P2 = susu sapi pasteurisasi + 4 % ekstrak kayu manis, dan P3 = susu sapi pasteurisasi + 6% ekstrak kayu manis. Susu pasteurisasi diamati pada hari ke 0, 3, 7, dan 14 untuk mengetahui total padatan dan kesegaran menggunakan uji alkohol 70%, sedangkan uji sensoris dilakukan pada hari ke 0. Pengujian sensoris dilakukan oleh 24 panelis agak terlatih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kayu manis sampai dengan 6% tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap total padatan dan kesegaran susu pasteurisasi. Total padatan P0, P1, dan P2 mengalami penurunan setelah penyimpanan sampai dengan 7 hari namun masih berada di kisaran normal, sedangkan P3 dibawah standar. Total padatan dari semua perlakuan berada di bawah standar setelah disimpan 14 hari. Kesegaran susu mulai menurun setelah disimpan 3 hari dan di hari ke 14, susu pasteurisasi sudah mengalami kerusakan. Penambahan ekstrak kayu manis berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap warna dan rasa (P<0,01) susu sapi pasteurisasi. Kesimpulannya, penambahan esktrak kayu manis dengan level berbeda mampu mempertahankan kualitas susu dan meningkatkan kualitas sensoris, namun tidak memperpanjang masa simpan.
Outcome of Carotid Endarterectomy in a Tertiary Center of Nepal: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kadel Prashiddha B , Shrestha Uttam K , Shrestha Kajan R , Gurung Dinesh 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery disease is one of the surgeries performed by vascular surgeons for carotid artery disease. The objective of this study is to describe the early and late outcome of the patient undergoing carotid endarterectomy and the association between the complication and comorbidities present previously in the patient.
MethodsAll patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre between April 2010 to April 2020 were included. The follow-up data for upto a year from medical and clinical records, telephone interview regarding the immediate and late postoperative complications in patients with and without comorbidities were investigated and compared.
ResultsThe total study population was 42 patients. Two patients (4.7%) developed stroke, one immediately in postoperative period and the other during follow up. There were two deaths (4.7%) postoperatively due to cardiac events and three (7.14%) recurrences of carotid stenosis among whom one (2.5%) developed late stroke. Twenty six patients (61.90%) were symptomatic prior to the procedure of which 20 patients (47.61%) had brain infarct. Overall one year survival was 95.2% post procedure and overall complication rate was 7.14%. The consequence in the form of death and stroke occurred more in the patients with comorbidities (3vs1) p=0.42.
ConclusionThe immediate and late postoperative complications following carotid endarterectomy were death (4.7%), stroke (4.7%), cranial nerve injury (9.5%). The most frequent cause of death was postoperative cardiac event. Though major complications occurred more frequently in patients having comorbidities, it was statistically insignificant.
Knowledge of Nurses Working in Critical Care Areas Regarding Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundles in a Tertiary Level Cardiac Centre
Authors: Bhandari Sandip , Sharma Medha , Shrestha Gentle S 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is influenced by the knowledge and practices of nurses. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of nurses working in critical care areas of a tertiary level cardiac centre regarding VAP prevention bundles.
MethodsIn this descriptive study, 57 nurses working in critical care areas were included, they completed a self-administered questionaire containing demographic information followed by 18 multiple response questions. With the respondents choosing one or more correct answers, the percentage of correct answer for each options was obtained. For each questions, the correct percentage for all the options were averaged and expressed as average knowledge percent. The significance of association was tested using chi-square and Fisher exact test, with level of significance established at 95%. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.
ResultsWith a mean age of 26.8 years, the majority of the nurses had completed Bachelor’s degree (75.4%). Though 91.3% nurses had experience of more than a year in critical care, 87.7% of them had not obtained VAP or infection control training. The mean knowledge score of VAP was 70±7.5%, and 97.4% had satisfactory knowledge. There was no association between knowledge scores on prevention of VAP and educational qualification (p=0.26) and years of experience in intensive care unit (p=0.41).
ConclusionAlmost all of the nurses working in critical care areas had satisfactory knowledge regarding VAP bundle, however, they had lower knowledge on the definition and approach to prevent VAP. This study recommends to incorporate more nurses in training related to infection and VAP prevention.
Well-being and Economic Growth: Critical Perspectives
Authors: Audard Catherine 
Published: June 2021

In Democracy in America (1840) , Tocqueville treats the passion for well-being as the consequence of equality. He does not forget to warn of the threats to democratic societies that could arise from the simple pursuit of “small and vulgar pleasures”, but he concludes that no government can be stable unless it satisfies this democratic passion for the “greatest well-being of all” (II, 4, 8). Tocqueville’s vision proved prophetic, and well-being did indeed become a matter of statecraft, with the welfare state emerging in the twentieth century as the indispensable mode of governance to regulate economic growth, protect the citizens and secure their standard of living against the ceaseless crises of capitalism and the vagaries of life. But this consensus on the nature and value of well-being and the economic growth that makes it possible is being increasingly challenged by the unprecedented crisis that we are experiencing, a crisis that simultaneously encompasses representative democracies, financial capitalism and the inequalities it engenders, welfare states and the threats to the environment posed by the race to consume and live well.In these circumstances, the colloquium presented in this introduction revisited the very notion of well-being and took stock of its different conflicting conceptions. Organized by The Tocqueville Society/La Société Tocqueville and The Center for Critical Democracy Studies at The American University of Paris, it was held by videoconference on 21 and 22 October 2020. All the papers in this dossier were presented at the colloquium.
Melanoma metastasis to a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: illustrative case
Authors: Lamorie-Foote Krista , Rangwala Shivani D. , Kammen Alexandra , Gnass Esteban , Kramer Daniel R. , Rutkowski Martin , Strickland Ben A. , Carmichael John D. , Zada Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Metastases to the central nervous system are often multiple in number and typically favor the gray-white matter junction. Collision tumors, defined as the coexistence of two morphologically different tumors, such as metastases to a known pituitary adenoma (PA), are exceedingly rare. Only a few reported cases of metastases to a PA exist in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present the case of a 64-year-old man with a known history of stage IV metastatic melanoma who was found to have hypermetabolic activity in the sellar region on surveillance positron emission tomography. On laboratory evaluation, he had clear evidence of pituitary axis dysfunction without diabetes insipidus. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.4-cm sellar mass with features of a pituitary macroadenoma and internal hemorrhage, although no clinical symptoms of apoplexy were noted. He underwent a transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of the sellar lesion. Final pathology showed a collision tumor with melanoma cells intermixed with PA cells.

LESSONS
Histological analysis verified the rare presence of a collision tumor of a melanoma metastasis to a nonfunctional pituitary macroadenoma. Metastasis to a preexisting PA, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with sellar lesions and a known cancer history.
The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage and Bank’s Size on Bank’s Profitability of Indonesian Listed Bank
Authors: Lestari Henny Setyo 
Published: June 2021

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of liquidity, leverage and bank size on profitability in Indonesian conventional banking sector</em><em> as the influencer of economic movements in this country</em><em>. This study employed the total of 29 commercial banks listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2010-2019. There are total of 290 observations made in the study. The dependent variable used in this study is bank’s profitability measured by return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM). The independent variables are liquidity</em><em> measured by loan to deposit ratio (LDTR)</em><em>, leverage</em><em> measured by equity to asset ratio (ETAR)</em><em> and bank size</em><em> measured by natural log of total asset (LNTA) </em><em>. The result shows that liquidity was observed to has insignificant negative impact on bank’s ROA and ROE, and positively affect NIM but statistically insignificant. While leverage has negative but insignificant impact on ROA and NIM, and significanlly has negative affect on ROE. Meanwhile, bank size has positive and significant impact on ROA, then has insignificant negative impact on ROE, and significantly has negative affect on NIM.This study could help the internal management of Indonesian conventional banking sector to make policy and decision in order to improve bank’s profitability.</em><em></em><em></em></p>
Experimental Investigation of a Novel Formulation of a Cyanoacrylate-Based Adhesive for Self-Healing Concrete Technologies
Authors: De Nardi Cristina , Gardner Diane , Cazzador Giulia , Cristofori Davide , Ronchin Lucio , Vavasori Andrea , Jefferson Tony 
Published: June 2021

The selection of an appropriate healing agent is critical to the success of vascular and mini-vascular networks. In self-healing concrete technology, commercially available cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesives have been shown to produce good strength recoveries; however, their rapid curing rate and short shelf-life make them unsuitable for site application. The aim of this study was to develop a modified cyanoacrylate (n-CA) with an extended shelf-life suitable for incorporation in a self-healing system. A series of n-CAs were formed from a commercial Ethyl Cyanoacrylate adhesive mixed with acrylic acid (AA) and nitro-anthraquinone (nAq) in varying ratios. When encapsulated within 3D printed mini-vascular networks (MVNs), the n-CAs remained dormant in liquid form for up to 5 days. The contact angle between the n-CAs and the cement mortar substrate, as measured via the sessile drop technique, decreased significantly with increasing AA content. The mechanical properties (bond strength) and the polymerization hardening of the n-CAs were evaluated over a curing period of 7–21 days, via a series of pull-off tests using cement mortar cubes. The 4:1:02 (CA:AA:nAq) n-CA formulation showed a significant increase in bond strength from 14 to 21 days, with a ceiling value of 2.6 MPa, while the 2:1 (CA:AA) n-CA formulation exhibited a good bond strength after 21 days (1 MPa). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) conducted on the n-CAs suggested the formation of several new polymeric species, whilst differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on the pre- and post-printed MVN material confirmed no significant changes in chemistry with no evidence of polymer degradation. Considered together, the experimental results show the potential for different n-CA formulations to act efficiently as a healing agent.
Assessment of the Diagnostic Ability of Four Detection Methods Using Three Sample Types of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yu Fei , Xie Guoliang , Zheng Shufa , Han Dongsheng , Bao Jiaqi , Zhang Dan , Feng Baihuan , Wang Qi , Zou Qianda , Wang Ruonan , Yang Xianzhi , Chen Weizhen , Lou Bin , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundViral nucleic acid detection is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, unsuitable sample types and laboratory detection kits/methods lead to misdiagnosis, which delays the prevention and control of the pandemic.MethodsWe compared four nucleic acid detection methods [two kinds of reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR A: ORF1ab and N testing; RT-PCRB: only ORF1ab testing), reverse transcription recombinase aided amplification (RT-RAA) and droplet digital RT-PCR (dd-RT-PCR)] using 404 samples of 72 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including oropharyngeal swab (OPS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva after deep cough, to evaluate the best sample type and method for SARS-CoV-2 detection.ResultsAmong the four methods, dd-RT-PCR exhibited the highest positivity rate (93.0%), followed by RT-PCR B (91.2%) and RT-RAA (91.2%), while the positivity rate of RT-PCR A was only 71.9%. The viral load in OPS [24.90 copies/test (IQR 15.58-129.85)] was significantly lower than that in saliva [292.30 copies/test (IQR 20.20-8628.55)] and NPS [274.40 copies/test (IQR 33.10-2836.45)]. In addition, if OPS samples were tested alone by RT-PCR A, only 21.4% of the COVID-19 patients would be considered positive. The accuracy of all methods reached nearly 100% when saliva and NPS samples from the same patient were tested simultaneously.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection methods should be fully evaluated before use. High-positivity rate methods such as RT-RAA and dd-RT-PCR should be considered when possible. Furthermore, saliva after deep cough and NPS can greatly improve the accuracy of the diagnosis, and testing OPS alone is not recommended.
Debris Flow Assessment in the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section of Karakoram Highway
Authors: Jiang Ning , Su Fenghuan , Li Yong , Guo Xiaojun , Zhang Jun , Liu Xuemei 
Published: June 2021

Highways frequently run through the flow and accumulation areas of debris flow gullies and thus are susceptible to debris flow hazards. Assessing debris flows along highways can provide references for highway planners and debris flow control, emergency management. However, the existing assessment methods mostly neglect the essential information of the flow paths and spreading areas of debris flows at the regional scale. Taking the Gaizi Village-Bulunkou Township Section (hereinafter referred to as “the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section”) of the Karakoram highway as the study area, this research introduces a simple empirical model (the Flow-R model) and establishes a method for assessing the debris flow hazard level. The main processes include data collection, inventory of former events, calculating source areas and spreading probability, verification of the model, extraction of hazard assessment factors, and calculation of debris flow hazard levels. The results show that: 1) the accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive power of the Flow-R model in simulating the debris flow spreading probability of the study area were 81.87, 70.80 and 72.70%, respectively. The errors mainly occurred in the debris flow fans. 2) The calculation results make it possible to divide debris flow hazard levels into four levels. N5, N19, and N28 gullies had the highest hazard level during the study period. 3) In the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section of the Karakoram highway, during the study period, the highways with very high, high, medium, and low hazards were 4.33, 0.62, 1.41, and 1.68 km in length, respectively.
Numerical Simulation Research on Well Pattern Optimization in High–Dip Angle Coal Seams: A Case of Baiyanghe Block
Authors: Wang Hongli , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Suian , Huang Hongxing , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2021

The Baiyanghe block in Fukang, Xinjiang, China, is rich in coalbed methane (CBM) resources, and several pilot experimental wells have yielded high production. Due to the high dip angle (35–55°) of the coal seam in this area, the lack of understanding of the geological characteristics, the physical properties of coal, and gas–water migration law lead to immature development techniques and poor overall development benefits. We first conducted desorption and adsorption tests on low-rank coal of this area and found residual gas in the coal. We established a coalbed methane desorption model suitable for this area by modifying the isotherm adsorption model. Next, by analyzing the influence of the gas–water gravity differentiation in the high–dip angle coal seam and the shallow fired coalbed methane characteristics in this area, we discovered the leakage of CBM from the shallow exposed area of the coal seam. Given the particular physical property of coal and gas–water migration characteristics in this area, we optimized the well pattern: (i) the U-shaped along-dip horizontal well group in coal seams is the main production well for gas production with a spacing distance of 312 m; (ii) a multistage fracturing well drilled in the floor of coal is for water production; and (iii) vertical wells with a spacing distance of 156 m in the shallow area is to capture CBM leakage. Using numerical simulation and net present value (NPV) economics models, we optimized the well pattern details. Applying our CBM desorption model, the numerical simulator can improve the accuracy of the low-rank coalbed methane productivity forecast. The optimization results demonstrated the following: 1) the cumulative gas production of single U-shaped well increased by 89% with the optimal well spacing, 2) the cumulative gas production of the well group increased by 87.54% after adding the floor staged horizontal well, and 3) the amount of CBM leakage decrease by 67.59%.