bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation of the Common Peroneal Nerve and Its Effects on the Relationship Between Corticomuscular Coherence and Motor Control in Healthy Adults
Authors: Koseki Tadaki , Kudo Daisuke , Katagiri Natsuki , Nanba Shigehiro , Nito Mitsuhiro , Tanabe Shigeo , Yamaguchi Tomofumi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Sensory input via neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may contribute to synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motor neurons and motor performance improvement in healthy adults and stroke patients. However, the optimal NMES parameters used to enhance physiological activity and motor performance remain unclear. In this study, we focused on sensory feedback induced by a beta-band frequency NMES (β-NMES) based on corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and investigated the effects of β-NMES on CMC and steady-state of isometric ankle dorsiflexion in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four participants received β-NMES at the peak beta-band CMC or fixed NMES (f-NMES) at 100 Hz on different days. NMES was applied to the right part of the common peroneal nerve for 20 min. The stimulation intensity was 95% of the motor threshold with a pulse width of 1 ms. The beta-band CMC and the coefficient of variation of force (Force CV) were assessed during isometric ankle dorsiflexion for 2 min. In the complementary experiment, we applied β-NMES to 14 participants and assessed beta-band CMC and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) with transcranial magnetic stimulation.Results: No significant changes in the means of beta-band CMC, Force CV, and MEPs were observed before and after NMES conditions. Changes in beta-band CMC were correlated to a) changes in Force CV immediately, at 10 min, and at 20 min after β-NMES (all cases, p < 0.05) and b) changes in MEPs immediately after β-NMES (p = 0.01). No correlations were found after f-NMES.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the sensory input via NMES was inadequate to change the beta-band CMC, corticospinal excitability, and voluntary motor output. Whereas, the β-NMES affects the relationship between changes in beta-band CMC, Force CV, and MEPs. These findings may provide the information to develop NMES parameters for neurorehabilitation in patients with motor dysfunction.
Description of a Zooxanthellate Scleractinian Coral (Blastomussa Angulares sp. nov.) from Lakshadweep, India
Authors: Mondal Tamal , Raghunathan C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One species zooxanthellate scleractinian coral i.e. Blastomussa angulares sp. nov. is described from Lakshadweep atoll for the first time based on the morphometric characteristics. The significant characters which differentiate this presently described species from previously known species are shape of angular corallites, length of the corallite diameter, number of septa and their cycles, highly exsert septa, structure of columella and septa like extra projection from the basal plate. Blastomussa angulares sp. nov. represents close structural affinities with B. loyae Head, 1978 which is briefly narrated here to establish the presently designated species.
Video-Delivered Emotion-Focused Mindfulness Therapy for late- life anxiety: Study Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial During COVID-19
Authors: Hatch Stacey Elinor , Kessler Dorothy , Finlayson Marcia , Rej Soham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The worldwide prevalence of anxiety in older adults is estimated at between 6% and 10%. In Canada, adults 65 and older experience anxiety at a rate of 6.4%, affecting more than 300,000 people. Anxiety in older adults has been linked to difficulties retaining new information and engaging in instrumental daily activities of living. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, novel methods of delivering therapy programs remotely are needed, however data is limited. There is some evidence that older adults prefer non-pharmacological approaches for anxiety that can be delivered in the community. Emotion-Focused Mindfulness Therapy (EFMT) is a mindfulness-based intervention that emphasizes meditation and observing thoughts and emotions as they arise. This emphasis has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of anxiety in general populations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of EFMT with older adults.Methods: This pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial will use a wait list control trial design. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, we will use telehealth delivery via Zoom rather than in-person delivery. The first 48 people to meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to either receive EFMT immediately, or in approximately eight weeks time from enrollment (1:1 allocation ratio). Data will be collected at baseline, eight weeks following baseline, and sixteen weeks following baseline. The primary outcomes will determine the feasibility of the intervention based on recruitment, enrolment, retention and adherence to all components of the intervention. The secondary outcome will be changes to anxiety over time.Discussion: The results of this trial will determine the feasibility and potential effectiveness of video-delivered EFMT for late-life anxiety compared to no treatment. If the results are promising, a larger randomized controlled trial may be conducted.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04415528. Registered on June 4, 2020Protocol version: Protocol version 2, January 2, 2021
Optimization of Tandem Affinity Chromatography (TAP) for Effective Isolation and Identification of Protein Complexes Involved in Molecular Mechanism of Depression.
Authors: Fic Ewelina , Cieslik Agata , Dziedzicka-Wasylewska Marta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to the World Health Organization Report, depressive disorders affect about 10% of the population. The molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of depression is still not well understood. The new findings point to phosphatases as potential targets for effective depression therapy. The aim of the project is the development of method that would enable the identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) protein partners using proteomic techniques. The research was carried out using the PC12 cell line, often used as a model for neurobiological research. The use of the procedure for efficient purification of protein complexes – Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) will facilitate the identification of proteins interacting with MKP-1, a potential goal of effective antidepressant therapy. The presented protocol for purification of protein complexes is universal and can be successfully used in different mammalian cell lines. Identified proteins belong to various groups: cytoskeletal, ribosomal, nucleic acid binding, chaperones, enzymes and may potentially be involved in the molecular mechanism of depression.
Assessment of Clinical, Socio-demographic Profile and Stressors in patients with Conversion/Dissociative Disorders: An Exploratory study from Southern India
Authors: Bammidi Ravi , Kumar K. Suresh Abu , Bashar MD Abu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Patients present with ‘conversion disorder’ as a response to the underlying stressful situation. It is clinically important to evaluate the presence, type, and temporal relation of the stressors resulting in conversion. Further knowing the Socio-demographic and psychological profile of the conversion patient helps in better management.
Aim

To study the clinical presentations, Socio-demographic characteristics and underlying stressors associated with conversion disorder.
Methods

Fifty patients admitted to the department of psychiatry, NRI Medical College and Hospital, Vishakhapatnam, during January 2013 to December, 2014 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were evaluated for Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations and stressor on a semi-structured proforma.
Results

Majority of the patients with conversion symptoms were children and young adults (74.0%), females (62.0%), students (46.0%), married (54.0%) and those from nuclear families (78.0%) and rural background (62.0%). Socioeconomic status wise, majority (66.0%) of the patients belonged to middle class. Majority of the patients (92.0%) had a recognizable precipitating factor, of which family-related/marital (36.0%) and education/school-related (18.0%) problems accounted for the major types. Purely motor symptoms were the predominant presentation (84.0%) with unresponsiveness /syncopal attack and pseudo seizure being the commonest.
Conclusion

Conversion disorders are commonly seen in females, children and young adults, students and in those belonged to middle class in socioeconomic status and rural areas. Underlying psycho-social stressors could be identified in majority of the cases of conversion disorder.
Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components and Risk of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: Findings From the UK&nbsp;Biobank Cohort
Authors: Qiao Yanan , Liu Siyuan , Li Guochen , Lu Yanqiang , Wu Ying , Ding Yi , Ke Chaofu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been acknowledged as risk factors for a single cardiometabolic disease, but their relationship with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is unclear. The present study aimed to prospectively investigate the association of MetS and its components with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed data of 353,427 participants from the UK Biobank. Participants with a previous diagnosis of cardiometabolic disease or those with missing data on the items of MetS were not eligible. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the co-existence of two and more conditions of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the relationship between MetS, components of MetS and cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Results: During a median of 8.9 years of follow-up, 3389 participants developed the cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Compared with individuals without MetS, individuals with MetS had a three times higher risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity (adjusted HR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.82-3.24). The accumulation of MetS components was associated, in a dose-response manner, with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (P for trend <0.0001). For the temporal sequences in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for individuals with ≥4 metabolic abnormalities were 1.57 (1.47-1.68) for cardiovascular disease only, 10.27 (7.62-13.84) for cardiovascular disease with subsequent diabetes, 25.34 (21.95-29.24) for diabetes only, and 42.97 (21.19-87.13) for diabetes with subsequent cardiovascular disease.Conclusions: MetS was independently associated with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and the risk substantially increased with a greater number of MetS components. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and treatment of MetS in the prevention of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
Environmentally-friendly Inhibitor From Waste for Aluminium Corrosion in 0.5M Sulphuric Acid Environment
Authors: Sanni Omotayo , Fayomi OSI , Popoola API 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research aims to identify cheap, effective, and green inhibitors from agricultural waste (coconut shell) as sustainable inhibitors for pure cast aluminium corrosion in 0.5 molar sulphuric acid medium at different concentrations. The inhibitive effect of coconut shell (CS) in 0.5 molar sulphuric acid solutions on aluminium was studied using series of standard corrosion monitoring methods: gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The nature of adsorption and aluminium surface morphology was conducted with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) method. The obtained result implies that the CS can serve as an environmentally friendly inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in 0.5 molar H2SO4 environments with the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 99% at 10 g. The inhibition mechanism was proposed to be physical adsorption and fits the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The inhibitive effect of CS was proposed to be a mixed inhibition mechanism as shown by the potentiodynamic polarization method. The SEM and EDX observation show that the CS species formed a protective layer on the aluminium surface. The results obtained confirmed that CS is a sustainable inhibitor, which could be used in the industry as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor.
Tumor Type, Epilepsy Burden, and Seizure Documentation: Experiences at a Single Center Neuro-Oncology Clinic
Authors: Bushara Omar , Guzner Alex , Bachman Elizabeth , Stupp Roger , Lukas Rimas V , Templer Jessica W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with both primary and metastatic brain tumors have significant seizure burden due to their tumor. We aim to describe seizure incidence in patients seen in neuro-oncology clinical practice. In addition, as the management of tumor related epilepsy (TRE) may require collaboration between subspecialists, documentation regarding seizures and AEDs is evaluated.Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients with a primary brain tumor or brain metastases seen in a neuro-oncology clinic in a 30 day period. A total of 356 unique patients were used in the descriptive analysis of seizure burden. 199 of these patients had TRE and were included in the analysis of seizure documentation. Results: Of the full cohort of patients, 55.3% (197/356) had TRE. The most common primary tumor was glioblastoma (GBM) (35.7%) and the most common metastatic tumor was breast cancer (51.2% of metastatic tumors). Of all tumor types, anaplastic astrocytomas had the highest percentage of patients with TRE (42.9%).The analysis of seizure documentation in patients with TRE revealed that the majority of notes (90.9%) mentioned seizures; however, fewer notes provided seizure frequency (51.3%), seizure descriptions (39.7%) or commented on AED regimens (58.3%).Conclusion: This study defines a representative cohort of patients seen in neuro-oncology clinic. Among patients with TRE, details regarding seizures and antiepileptic regimens are often not documented in clinic notes. Improved documentation could facilitate further research in this population and impact patient care.
A new result under weak and non-relativistic approximation from general theory of relativity
Authors: Samanta Abhijit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have derived a metric field equation in the locally inertial coordinate system from Einstein's field equation considering the energy density of the moving particle with the approximations that the force field under which the particle is moving is weak and the velocity of the particle is non-relativistic.
We study the motion of different microscopic systems using this metric equation and compared the results with the experimentally measured values and we find that the results are identical.
Entomological Survey for Identification of Aedes Larval Breeding Sites and Their Distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Sahidur , Faruk Md. Omar , Tanjila Sumiya , Sabbir Nur Mohammad , Haider Najmul , Chowdhury Sharmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in the Chattogram. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-district (Thana) under Chattogram city, Bangladesh, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and the existence of immature mosquitoes were recorded in field survey data-form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification. Results: We estimated the overall house index, container index, and the Breteau index and performed multiple logistic regression analyses to identify habitats more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. Out of a total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties where 52 (7.39%) containers were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed highest container productivity (n=50) whereas vehicle and machinery group was the highest efficient (1.83). Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% were Aedes albopictus and 1% contains both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, container index was 7% and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried House had significantly lower positivity in compare to independent house. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01). Conclusions: These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne diseases transmissions.
Low-dose IL-34 has no effect on osteoclastogenesis but promotes osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Xu Jianxiang , Fu Lifeng , Bai Jinwu , Zhong Huiming , Kuang Zhihui , Zhou Chengwei , Hu Bin , Ni Licheng , Ying Li , Chen Erman , Zhang Wei , Wu Jiaqi , Xue Deting , Li Weixu , pan zhijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory microenvironment is significant to the differentiation and function of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). It evidentially influences the osteoblastogenesis of MSCs. IL-34, a newly discovered cytokine, playing a key role in metabolism. However, the research on its functional role in the osteogenesis of MSCs was rarely reported. Here, we described the regulatory effects of low-dose IL-34 on both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.Methods: We performed the osteogenic effects of hBMSCs by exogenous and overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, so was the osteoclastogenesis effects of mBMMs by extracellular IL-34. CCK-8 was used to assess the effect of IL-34 on the viability of hBMSCs and mBMMs. ALP staining, ARS and TRAP staining were used to evaluate ALP activity, mineral deposition and osteoclastogenesis, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expression of target genes and proteins. ELISA was used to evaluate the concentrations of IL-34. In vivo, a rat tibial osteotomy model and an OVX model were established. Radiographic analysis and histological evaluation were performed to confirm the therapeutic effects of IL-34 in fracture healing and osteoporosis. Statistical differences were evaluated by two-tailed Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post hoc test in the comparison of 2 groups, more than 2 groups and different time points of treated groups, respectively. Results: Promoted osteoblastogenesis of hBMSCs was observed after treated by exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, confirmed by increased mineral deposits and ALP activity. Furthermore, exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 enhanced the expression of p-AKT and p-ERK. The specific AKT and ERK signaling pathway inhibitors suppressed the enhancement of osteoblastogenesis induced by IL-34. In a rat tibial osteotomy model, imaging and histological analyses testified the local injection of exogenous IL-34 improved bone healing. However, the additional IL-34 has no influence on both osteoclastogenesis of mBMMs in vitro and osteoporosis of OVX model of rat in vivo. Conclusions: Collectively, our study demonstrate that low-dose IL-34 regulates osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via the PIK/AKT and ERK signaling pathway and enhances fracture healing, with neither promoting nor preventing osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoporosis in vivo.
Tumors and Tumor like Conditions of Eye and Ocular Adnexae: A Comprehensive Study of 359 Cases
Authors: Choukimath Sharanabasav M , . Krishnaprasad , Choukimath Vaishali , Krishnaprasad Samhita 
Published: February 2021

Background: The eye is one of the major sensory organs. The present study aims at a comprehensive study of all the tumours and tumour like conditions of eye and ocular adnexae with their relative incidence in Indian population.
Methods: All incisional and excisional biopsies of eye and its adnexal organs received in our laboratory between April - 2010 to December - 2018 were included in this study.
Result: A total of 350 cases were studied. Among these, lesions constituted are orbital: 37.4%, Conjunctival: 32%, Eyelid: 18.2%, Intraocular: 9.4% and Lacrimal gland: 2.85% of the total cases. Among the orbital lesions, the most common benign tumor was hemangiomas [15.26 %] and malignant tumour was basal cell carcinomas [10%].
In conjunctiva, carcinoma in situ was the most common lesion [51.4%]. Retinoblastoma [66.66%] was the most common in the ocular lesions. Other tumours and tumour like conditions are discussed in the present study.
Conclusion: Early histopathological diagnosis and ancillary diagnostic tests like immunohistochemistry will help to reduce destructive surgeries and the morbidity in terms of vision loss, loss of eyeball and cosmetic factors. Present study aids in knowing the incidence and prevalence of tumor and other lesions seen with orbit, and its adnexa and eyeball.
Molecular Elucidation and Therapeutic Targeting for Combating
COVID-19: Current Scenario and Future Prospective
Authors: Suchita Wamankar , Tilotma Sahu , Saurabh Shrivastava , Abhishek Kumar , Sagar Sahu , Lokesh Kumar 
Published: February 2021

:
A corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease which is caused by a novel corona virus.
Human corona virus (HCoV) recognized as one of the most rapidly evolving viruses owing to its high genomic nucleotide
substitution rates and recombination. Among the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory
syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 has spread more rapidly and increased the level of globalization and adaptation of the virus
in every environmental condition due to their high rate of molecular diversity. The whole article highlights the general
characteristics of corona virus, their molecular diversity, and molecular protein targeting against COVID-19 with their
newer approaches. Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the recent advances and future aspects
helpful to the treatment of COVID-19 based on the present understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infections, which may help offer
new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of the COVID-19.