bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of co-translational mRNA decay by PAP and DXO1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Carpentier Marie-Christine , Receveur Anne-Elodie , Cadoudal Adrien , Merret Rémy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
mRNA decay is central in the regulation of mRNA homeostasis in the cell. The recent discovery of a co-translational mRNA decay pathway (also called CTRD) has changed our understanding of the mRNA decay process. This pathway has emerged as an evolutionarily conversed mechanism essential for specific physiological processes in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In Arabidopsis, this pathway is targeted mainly by the exoribonuclease XRN4. However, the details of the molecular regulation of this pathway are still unclear.

Results
In this study, we first tested the role of the 3ʹ-phosphoadenosine 5ʹ-phosphate (PAP), an inhibitor of exoribonucleases in the regulation of CTRD. Using 5’Pseq approach, we discovered that FRY1 inactivation impaired XRN4-CTRD activity. Based on this finding, we demonstrated that exogenous PAP treatment stabilizes CTRD mRNA targets. Furthermore, we also tested the implication of the exoribonuclease DXO1 in CTRD regulation. We found that DXO1, another exoribonuclease sensitive to PAP, is also involved in the CTRD pathway, probably by targeting NAD+-capped mRNAs. DXO1 specifically targets mRNAs linked to stress response.

Conclusions
Our study provides further insights into the regulation of CTRD in Arabidopsis and demonstrates that other exoribonucleases can be implicated in this pathway.
Perceived social support and self-stigma as factors of COVID-19 booster vaccination behavior and intention via cognitive coping and emotion regulation among people infected with COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Luan Yiming , Tang Yihan , Lau Mason M. C. , Yu Yanqiu , Gu Jing , Lau Joseph T. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
It is imperative to promote behavior/intention of taking up booster COVID-19 vaccination (BI-BV) among people who have ever contracted COVID-19 (PECC). The aims were to investigate the prevalence of BI-BV and its associations with perceived social support. Guided by the stress coping theory, we tested mediators between perceived social support and BI-BV via self-stigma, active coping, and maladaptive emotion regulation (rumination and catastrophizing).

Methods
A random population-based telephone survey was conducted among adult PECC having completed the primary series of COVID-19 vaccination prior to the diagnosis; 230 participants were interviewed from June to August 2022 during the fifth (last) major outbreak in Hong Kong. The associations between the independent variables and BI-BV were tested by logistic regression analysis. A structural equation model (SEM) tested the indirect effects of the latent variables of self-stigma, active coping, and maladaptive emotion regulation between the latent variable of perceived social support and BI-BV.

Results
The prevalence of BI-BV was 62.2%. It was associated with age, marital status, full-time employment, and chronic disease status. The logistic regression analysis found that BI-BV was positively associated with perceived social support (ORc = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12– 1.54), active coping (ORc = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10– 1.79), rumination (ORc = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.13– 2.70), and catastrophizing (ORc = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.49– 6.51) and negatively associated with self-stigma (ORc = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72– 0.88). In the SEM analysis, the positive association between perceived social support and BI-BV was fully mediated: 1) via self-stigma (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03– 0.14), 2) via active coping (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02– 0.12), and 3) via self-stigma and then active coping (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.002– 0.04). Two of these indirect paths involved active coping. The indirect paths involving maladaptive emotion regulation were all non-significant.

Conclusions
Perceived social support was associated with BI-BV, and was mediated via self-stigma, active coping, and serially self-stigma then active coping but not emotion maladaptation. The data supported the stress cognitive coping model in explaining the association between perceived social support and BI-BV. Interventions promoting BI-BV may consider modifying the observed significant factors. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
‘Stuck in catch-22’: a qualitative study of perceived work ability and decision-making about employment in severe asthma
Authors: Mackiewicz P. , Hussein H. , Mansur A. H. , Krishna M. T. , Walters G. I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Severe asthma (SA) is characterised by persistent asthma symptomatology despite adherence to intensive treatment and control of asthma triggers. It is estimated that approximately 50% of individuals with SA have current employment, considerably less than rates in the general population. Poor physical and mental health status have been suggested as a potential explanation for this, but the relationship has not been investigated in depth. We investigated how bio-psycho-social and cultural factors influence work ability and employment in SA patients.

Methods
Participants were recruited from the Birmingham Regional NHS Severe Asthma Service via opportunity sampling, with the exclusion criteria being individuals who had never been employed, currently in full-time education, or non-English speakers. Subsequently, men and those with minority-ethnic backgrounds were purposefully selected to gain a balanced sample. Interviews were performed either face-to-face, online or via telephone, transcribed using software and edited manually. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Results
The study included 12 participants (9 females and 3 males). Four major themes were constructed: impact of patients’ asthma control on work, psychological burden of living with SA, costs and benefits of being in employment, and adaptations and strategies for remaining in employment.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the potential for physical, occupational, psychological, and social support to address the diverse job-related difficulties experienced by people with SA. Additionally, national policy reforms should be considered to improve work capacity and promote employment opportunities.
The design, performance and organizational impact of a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) elective for internal medicine residents
Authors: Kuperstein Harry , Alam Werda , Paroya Azzam , Patel Kinner , Ahmad Sahar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
An educational gap for point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) training exists within Internal Medicine (IM) residency programs in that there is currently no standardized training paradigm. To address this need, we designed and implemented a five-day (one work week) elective for POCUS training intending to target IM resident POCUS knowledge and skills. This course integrates self-directed learning and supervised hands-on practice to deliver effective resident education in POCUS.

Methods
IM residents completed the five-day POCUS elective. Residents who took the elective were given an elective evaluation survey, written POCUS knowledge exams at a pre-course and post-course timepoint, as well as a post-course skills assessment exam.

Results
45 IM residents completed the elective in total. 47% (N = 21) of all participating residents completed the evaluation survey. 94% of those who responded to the evaluation survey reported above average or outstanding satisfaction with all aspects of the elective, including hands-on teaching and materials provided. Written knowledge exams results showed a significant increase in POCUS knowledge scores, with pre-test and post-test scores increasing from 39 to 66%, respectively (N = 30, p < 0.001). Overall, on a skills evaluation of tested residents (N = 20), 45% were deemed to acquire images independently while 40% could interpret independently, with all learners deemed able to do both with some level of supervision. Overall use of POCUS by IM residents as measured by saved ultrasound studies increased after the implementation of the elective, suggesting institutional impact.

Discussion
POCUS training is a recognized need for IM residency programs. While existing POCUS training programs vary in both length of course and depth of material to suit different educational objectives, we have presented a well-received and effective POCUS training paradigm aimed at achieving knowledge acquisition for clinical practice. This POCUS elective rotation, which is integrated into trainee’s patient care experiences, circumvents several known barriers to POCUS education including work-hour limitations and limited trainee hands-on experience opportunities. We propose that our elective serves as a model for IM residencies which have similar needs with respect to POCUS education.
National eHealth strategies: a comparative study of nine OECD health systems
Authors: Palm Klas , Brantnell Anders , Peolsson Michael , Özbek Nurgül , Hedström Gustaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The development of effective eHealth strategies is critical to enhancing healthcare systems’ efficiency and outcomes. However, there is limited comparative analysis of eHealth strategies across health systems, particularly in terms of their vision, objectives, implementation methods, and follow-up processes. This study compares the eHealth strategies of nine health systems, focusing on three key dimensions: vision and objectives, means to achieve objectives, and structures for follow-up.

Methods
A comparative qualitative analysis was conducted using publicly available eHealth strategy documents from nine health systems: Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the UK (NHS England), Catalonia (Spain), and the USA (Veterans Affairs). The analysis mapped these systems’ visions, objectives, implementation methods, and follow-up structures.

Results
Findings show that most systems articulate clear visions and strategic goals. However, there is considerable variability in the level of detail regarding the means of achieving objectives and structures for follow-up. Australia and Estonia present the most comprehensive strategies, with clear tasks, responsibilities, timelines, and follow-up mechanisms. In contrast, countries like Sweden and Catalonia provide less detailed strategic plans, particularly in terms of follow-up processes.

Conclusions
While most studied health systems include clear visions and strategic goals, there is variability in the detail and comprehensiveness of their implementation and evaluation frameworks. Strategies with detailed implementation plans and follow-up processes, such as those from Australia and Estonia, offer valuable models. Further research is recommended to explore the practical impact of these strategies on healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and system efficiency. Additionally, the role of stakeholder involvement in shaping these strategies warrants further investigation.
Göttingen minipigs present with significant regeneration kinetics after sphincter injury compared to German landrace gilts; a feasibility study
Authors: Knoll Jasmin , Harland Niklas , Amend Bastian , Stenzl Arnulf , Aicher Wilhelm K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Animals serve as important models for exploring the pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of different diseases and injuries. While smaller animals are preferred for bulk cohort studies, larger animals offer opportunities to investigate surgical procedures at proportions close to the human situation. Therefore, in a feasibility study, we investigated urethral sphincter deficiency in German landrace gilts and Göttingen minipigs to develop a model of urinary incontinence as a basis for future preclinical studies of incontinence therapies. Urethral sphincter deficiency was induced surgically by transurethral electrocautery and balloon dilatation, and the deficiency was determined by urodynamics after injury and during follow-up. In cryosections, sphincter injury was visualized by histochemistry.

Results
Sphincter deficiency was induced in two cohorts and groups of four female Göttingen minipigs each (total n = 20) by two different treatments. One cohort of minipigs showed an initially significant urethral sphincter deficiency (treatment 1; n = 16, p < 0.001). However, spontaneous sphincter regeneration was observed within one to two weeks. The other cohort of minipigs (treatment 2; n = 4) displayed a non-significant reduction of urethral sphincter pressure and an increase in muscle strength over time as well. In contrast, German landrace gilts presented immediately after treatment with significant sphincter deficiency (treatment 1; n = 6, 21%, p < 0.001) and suffered from significant loss of sphincter function for at least five weeks (67%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Göttingen minipigs inherit significantly superior sphincter regeneration capacities compared to landrace pigs. This difference may bias preclinical studies in urology and other fields and explain in part seemingly contradictory results from different animal studies.
Updated insights into the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence and survival after curative resection of liver or lung metastases in colorectal cancer: a rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tatsuta Kyota , Sakata Mayu , Kojima Tadahiro , Booka Eisuke , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the liver and lungs, leading to poor prognosis. Advances in chemotherapy, minimally invasive surgery, and perioperative care have expanded adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) regimens and eligibility for AC. However, the impact of AC after curative resection of distant metastases on recurrence and prognosis remains uncertain. This study evaluated the role of AC in CRC liver and lung metastases, focusing on cases with curative resection based on the latest studies published in the past five years.

Methods
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches of Medline and Cochrane Library (2019–2023) identified studies on AC or observation after curative resection of CRC metastases, reporting outcomes such as overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Data analysis was performed using Review Manager and R software, with results expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, including one randomized controlled trial and six retrospective studies, encompassing 1580 patients who underwent curative resection (R0) for CRC metastases. This meta-analysis showed a positive trend in OS for the AC group compared to that for the surgery-alone group (HR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73–1.01; p = 0.06), but the difference was insignificant. AC significantly improved DFS (HR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66–0.99; p = 0.04). Subgroup analysis indicated that AC significantly improved DFS and tended to improve OS for liver metastasis. In contrast, AC did not improve OS in cases of lung metastasis.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that AC demonstrated significant positive effects on DFS. Moreover, AC could contribute to improvements in OS. These findings, supported by the latest research, reinforce the recommendation of AC as a valuable strategy for improving both recurrence and survival outcomes in patients with curatively resected distant CRC metastases.
Ferroptosis emerges as the predominant form of regulated cell death in goat sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Hai Erhan , Li Boyuan , Song Yukun , Zhang Jian , Zhang Jiaxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Freezing-induced sperm damage, often associated with oxidative stress, can result in regulated cell death. Given that oxidative stress can trigger various forms of regulated cell death, the prevailing form during sperm cryopreservation remains unknown. Our study aimed to investigate this issue using cashmere goats as a model.

Results
We found a significant increase in lyso-phospholipids in frozen-thawed sperm suggested ferroptosis. Assessment of cryopreserved sperm, with or without prior treatment with ferroptosis or apoptosis inhibitors, demonstrated the significant efficacy of ferroptosis inhibitors in reducing freezing damage. This implicates ferroptosis as the primary form of regulated cell death induced during sperm cryopreservation. Additionally, the positive rate of transferrin receptor protein 1 was significantly lower in fresh live sperm (47.8%) than in thawed live sperm (71.5%), and the latter rate was lower than that in dead sperm (82.5%). By contrast, cleaved caspase-3 positivity showed no significant difference between fresh live sperm and thawed live sperm but was notably lower in thawed live sperm than in dead sperm.

Conclusions
Our findings establish ferroptosis as the dominant regulated cell death form during goat sperm cryopreservation, providing novel insights into freezing-induced sperm damage mechanisms. These findings have significant implications for optimizing cryopreservation protocols and enhancing sperm viability after freezing-thawing.

Graphical Abstract
Quasi-static analysis of soft rock failure characteristics targeted to cyclic direct shear test
Authors: Hidaka Kosuke , Ishimaru Makoto , Okada Tetsuji , Sekiguchi Akira , Sawada Takaaki , Yokota Katsuya , Matsui Nobuaki , Mazda Taiji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Japan, the disastrous effects of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake has affected seismic design. Furthermore, there is an increasing need for dynamic nonlinear analysis that can consider large strain levels in assessing the seismic resilience of essential structures such as nuclear power plants. However, the applicability of dynamic nonlinear analysis methods to rock masses has not yet been fully evaluated. Their applicability needs to be confirmed by dynamic phenomena, such as shaking table tests. Herein, as a preliminary step, quasi-static analyses of cyclic direct shear tests were conducted to validate the constitutive model. Soft rock samples with relatively few fractures were used as the testing material. In the tests, the load was applied in multiple steps by increasing the loading amplitude at each step, with a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz. The quasi-static analyses revealed that, although an existing constitutive model generally reproduced the shear load–displacement relationship obtained in the tests from small displacement levels to peak strength, discrepancies emerged beyond peak strength. Therefore, we focused on the post-failure history damping characteristics of the soft rocks and added a damping constant after rock failure to the existing constitutive model. Consequently, the accuracy of the values of the stress history beyond peak strength was improved by more than 10%, and the reproducibility of the shear load–displacement relationship improved. Therefore, the applicability of the improved constitutive model was confirmed for conditions of quasi-static cyclic loading of soft rock with few fractures, from small displacement levels to beyond peak strength.
CaEch1-mediated mitophagy regulates vegetative growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum camelliae
Authors: Meng Shuai , Xiong Meng , Cheng Longjun , Wang Li , Chen Ya , Luo Chaoxi , Chao Shufen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum camelliae, poses a significant threat to the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial quality and intracellular homeostasis. To date, an optimized experimental system for studying mitophagy in C. camelliae has yet to be established, and the role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of C. camelliae remains unclear. Here, we characterized the function of CaEch1, a homolog of Magnaporthe oryza MoEch1, in the anthracnose fungus C. camelliae. Our findings indicate that mitochondria-localized CaEch1, plays a vital role for mitophagy in C. camelliae. Also, the CaEch11-29-GFP could serve as a reliable marker for monitoring mitophagy in C. camelliae. Additionally, the knockout of CaECH1 resulted in defects in fungal growth, conidiation, and appressorium formation. Pathogenicity assays further revealed that knockout of CaECH1 significantly reduced the virulence of C. camelliae. In summary, our research underscores the importance of CaEch1 in growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, and virulence in C. camelliae. This suggests its potential as a marker for mitophagy and provides valuable insights for developing new fungicides targeting anthracnose.
Physical, psychological, and sexual violence as risk factors for social phobia in a sample of Moroccan students
Authors: Belaatar Mohjat , Najdi Adil , Louajri Adnane , Ammouri Adil El , Fadila Bousgheiri , Senhaji Meftaha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Social phobia is one of the most widespread mental disorders among young people, especially students. It may be due to several factors, the most important of which is violence and its various subtypes.

Aim
The main objective of the study was to identify the subtypes of violence that might be considered risk factors for social phobia.

Methods
In this descriptive study, the participants were students at different institutions of Abdelmalek Essaâdi University in Morocco. In total, we interviewed 1191 students of which 1154 are aged between 18 and 28, 34 between 29 and 39, 2 students are 44, and only 1 is 64, using the M.I.N.I. questionnaire, along with a background questionnaire that contains questions about childhood information and risk factors such as exposure to violence.

Results
The prevalence of social phobia among the students in this study was 27% (321 students) of whom 138 students (44.7%) had experienced physical violence, 108 (42.5%) had experienced psychological violence, and only 52 (36.9%) had experienced sexual violence.

Conclusions
The Moroccan population, despite its diversity, customs, and education, remains similar to other populations in terms of mental health and mental disorders.