bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhesus Macaque Serves As a Model for Human Lateral Branch Nephrogenesis
Authors: Schuh Meredith P. , Alkhudairy Lyan , Potter Andrew , Potter S. Steven , Chetal Kashish , Thakkar Kairavee , Salomonis Nathan , Kopan Raphael 
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement
Premature infants far fewer nephrons than newborns on average, and thus are at increased risk for CKD and ESKD in adulthood. Most nephrons are added during late gestation in a poorly understood process, lateral branch nephrogenesis. As direct study of human late gestation fetal kidney development is fraught with ethical and technical difficulties, the rhesus macaque was identified as a suitable model to bridge this knowledge gap. The rhesus kidney undergoes human-like lateral branch nephrogenesis. Initial molecular characterization, validated on human kidney archival samples, indicates the kidney progenitor cell transcriptome changes over time. A molecular study of lateral branch nephrogenesis could be leveraged to enhance nephrogenesis in preterm infants.

Background
Most nephrons are added in late gestation. Truncated extrauterine nephrogenesis in premature infants results in fewer nephrons and significantly increased risk for CKD in adulthood. To overcome the ethical and technical difficulties associated with studies of late-gestation human fetal kidney development, third-trimester rhesus macaques served as a model to understand lateral branch nephrogenesis (LBN) at the molecular level.

Methods
Immunostaining and 3D rendering assessed morphology. Single-cell (sc) and single-nucleus (sn) RNA-Seq were performed on four cortically enriched fetal rhesus kidneys of 129–131 days gestational age (GA). An integrative bioinformatics strategy was applied across single-cell modalities, species, and time. RNAScope validation studies were performed on human archival tissue.

Results
Third-trimester rhesus kidney undergoes human-like LBN. scRNA-Seq of 23,608 cells revealed 37 transcriptionally distinct cell populations, including naïve nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), with the prior noted marker genes CITED1, MEOX1, and EYA1 (c25). These same populations and markers were reflected in snRNA-Seq of 5972 nuclei. Late-gestation rhesus NPC markers resembled late-gestation murine NPC, whereas early second-trimester human NPC markers aligned to midgestation murine NPCs. New, age-specific rhesus NPCs (SHISA8) and ureteric buds (POU3F4 and TWIST) predicted markers were verified in late-gestation human archival samples.

Conclusions
Rhesus macaque is the first model of bona fide LBN, enabling molecular studies of late gestation, human-like nephrogenesis. These molecular findings support the hypothesis that aging nephron progenitors have a distinct molecular signature and align to their earlier human counterparts, with unique markers highlighting LBN-specific progenitor maturation.
On Criminal Procedure and Criminalistic Measures of Counteracting Crimes Against Legal Entities
Authors: Aivazova Olga , Vardanyan Galina , Smirnova Irina 
Published: March 2021

The article discusses some aspects of proving in cases of crimes against legal entities. The criminalistic description of the victim represented by a legal entity determines specific details of applying criminalistic and criminal procedure measures aimed at the identification, investigation, detection and prevention of such crimes. Under the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, one of the elements of ordering criminal proceedings is the protection of rights and legal interests of organizations that became victims of crimes. Part 1 of Art. 42 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation details this guideline for the first time by giving legal entities, viewed as independent subjects of criminal procedure legal relations, the right to be recognized as victims of criminal actions if the crime inflicted damage on their property or business reputation. Nevertheless, the imperfections in the regulation of legal entities’ participation in criminal proceeding, and the insufficient attention to the specifics of realizing their rights and legal interests in comparison with the physical persons of a similar procedural status give rise to numerous problems. The complex of such problems has a negative impact on the effectiveness of investigating this category of crimes and, as a consequence, on the ability of criminal proceedings to produce the intended result. The literal interpretation of Part 1, Art. 42 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation points out that the consequences of such crimes must include the infliction of two types of damage simultaneously — «to property and to business reputation», which can hardly be considered a good de­finition from the standpoint of juridical technique. Quite naturally, the investigation and court practice shows that law enforcers, while collecting proof on the character and size of damage inflicted on legal entities as a result of a crime, usually limit themselves to proving material damage, and even this damage is not proven in full (the common omission being losses of expected income). As for the damage inflicted on business reputation of a legal entity, its establishment during criminal proceedings is still problematic and, in practice, there is usually a gap in proving it. The authors point out that incomplete character of evidentiary information regarding the infliction of damage on the business reputation of legal entities is inadmissible and present their recommendations for resolving this problem, including the use of specialist knowledge and the improvements in the tactics of specific investigatory actions aimed at obtaining criminalistically relevant information on the case.
The Proposed Amendment to the Definition of “Veldfire” as Articulated by The National Veld and Forest Fire Amendment Bill [B22–2016]
Authors: Glenwin Sefela  
Published: March 2021

It goes without saying that fire is an important factor in the development of humankind. When humans first discovered fire, it instantly became their best friend. Fire enabled early humans to light up the dark, indulge in cooked meals and provide warmth for their bodies and homes. However, even before they figured out how to manually reproduce fire, it existed in nature. Fire, and specifically “veldfire”, exists naturally and does not need the agency of man.Today, severe drought, specific weather conditions (for example, high temperatures, high wind speed and low rainfall combine to induce favourable veldfire conditions) and an array of other factors (such as topography, land size, fuel type, population density (human influence) and climate change) all increase the possibility of a veldfire occurring. Owing to these contributing factors, fire has become both friend and, in some instances, deadly foe. For example, fire is used as a friendly management tool to prevent or lower the risk of veldfire, while an example of fire as foe are what are now commonly known as the “Knysna Fires” of 2017, which remain a vivid reminder of what uncontrolled fires can do. This type of fire not only damaged social, economic and environmental assets, it also quickly escalated into an emergency incident. An “incident” is defined in s 30(a) of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 to mean “an unexpected sudden occurrence, including a major emission, fire or explosion leading to serious danger to the public or potentially serious pollution of or detriment to the environment, whether immediate or delayed.” The Knysna Fires are a classic example of why managing veldfires in an integrated way is important within a South African context and are one of the main reasons for the promulgation of the National Veld and Forest Fire Act (101 of 1998) (NV&FFA) (s 3).Regrettably, however, the NV&FFA defines neither “veld” nor “veldfire”. Instead, it defines “fire” to “include a veldfire” and goes on inadequately to explain that “veldfire” means “veld, forest and mountain fire”. Taking the above reasoning into consideration, arguably one of the main challenges of the NV&FFA is the strict interpretation and inadequacy of the term “veldfire”. In refreshing contrast, however, the National Veld and Forest Fire Amendment Bill (the Bill) aims to provide more meaning to the term “veldfire”.
The purpose of this note is therefore a critical analysis of the proposed amendment to the definition of veldfire by: providing legislative background to the term “veldfire”; investigating the way the courts of the past have interpreted the term legislative background and consequently “veldfire”; explaining why the proposal to amend the term “veldfire” is important; briefly looking at how other countries define their equivalent of South Africa’s “veldfire”; and, lastly, by providing remarks and suggestions.
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Umbi Dahlia dan Konsentrasi Baking Powder terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Cookies Kaya Serat
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad Zaki , Winata Ardelia 
Published: March 2021

Cookies merupakan salah satu makanan ringan yang disukai disemua kalangan umur. Umumnya cookies terbuat dari tepung terigu, memiliki kandungan karbohidrat dan lemak yang tinggi namun mengandung kadar serat yang rendah. Pada penelitian ini tepung umbi dahlia digunakan sebagai substitusi tepung terigu untuk pembuatan cookies kaya serat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji penggunaan tepung umbi dahlia sebagai substitusi tepung terigu dan konsentrasi baking powder dalam formulasi pembuatan cookies. Rasio tepung umbi dahlia dan tepung terigu pada penelitian ini yaitu 15:85, 30:70, dan 45:55; dan konsentrasi baking powder yang digunakan yaitu 1–3% dari berat tepung. Metode Derringer’s Desirability Function digunakan untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik, dengan membandingkan kedekatan nilai karakteristik fisik cookies yang diberi perlakuan dengan karakteristik fisik cookies kontrol sebagai target. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan formula terbaik untuk pembuatan cookies kaya serat adalah penggunaan rasio tepung umbi dahlia dan tepung terigu sebesar 30:70 dan penggunaan baking powder konsentrasi 3% dengan nilai total desirability (D) sebesar 0,87. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah cookies kaya serat berhasil dapat diproduksi dengan menggunakan tepung umbi dahlia dan jumlah penambahannya yang terbaik, dapat ditentukan.Effect of Substitution of Wheat Flour with Dahlia Tuber Flour and Concentration of Baking Powder on Physical Properties of Fiber Rich CookiesAbstractCookies are one of the snacks favored by wide range of consumers’s age. Usually, cookies made from wheat flour, which have high content of carbohydrate and fat but low content of fiber. In the present study, dahlia tuber flour was used to substitute wheat flour to produce fiber rich cookies. The effect of dahlia tuber flour was analyzed in the a varied baking powder addition. Dahlia tuber flour and wheat flour at ratio of 15:85, 30:70, and 45:55 (w/w); and baking powder concentration of 1–3% from total weight of the flour was usedas formula. Optimum formulation was obtained by Derringer’s Desirability Function, which compares the relation value of the physical properties of cookies made with dahlia tuber flour and control cookies which was made of wheat flour. The result showed that optimum formula to produce fiber rich cookies was obtained on the ratio of 30:70 and baking powder at concentration of 3%, with total desirability (D) value of 0.87. As conslusion, high fiber content cookies was succsessfully produced and the best dahlia tuber flour addition was determined optimally.
Profil Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Evaluasi Sensori dari Tempe Bungkus Daun Jati yang Disuplementasi dengan Daun Kelor
Authors: Magdalena Stella , Yogiara Yogiara , Yulandi Adi 
Published: March 2021

Tempe bungkus daun jati merupakan produk pangan fermentasi tradisional Indonesia yang kaya protein, serat, dan vitamin yang sangat popular di Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan daun kelor pada tahapan perendaman dan peragian dalam proses produksi tempe terhadap profil bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan tingkat kesukaan. Daun kelor segar dan serbuk disuplementasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi pada proses produksi tempe kacang kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor tidak menghambat aktivitas pertumbuhan dari kapang Rhizopus. Penambahan serbuk daun kelor sebanyak 1x dan 2x (b/b) dari total jumlah ragi pada proses peragian menghasilkan tekstur tempe yang kompak. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi air perasan daun kelor dalam proses perendaman, jumlah total bakteri asam laktat menurun hingga 103 CFU/g. Profil BAL dari tempe bungkus daun jati dengan ataupun tanpa suplementasi daun jati mengandung BAL dari genus Weissella. Tempe bungkus daun jati dengan suplementasi 1x (b/b) serbuk daun kelor sangat berpotensi untuk disosialisasikan sebagai pangan fungsional kepada masyarakat.Lactic Acid Bacteria Profile and Sensory Evaluation of Teak Leaf-Wrapped Tempeh Supplemented with Moringa LeavesAbstractTempeh wrapped in teak leaves is a traditional Indonesian fermented food product that is rich in protein, fiber, and vitamins which is very popular in Kabupaten Blora, Central Java. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa leaves addition in the soaking and fermentation stages of tempeh production towards the profile of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the level of respondent acceptance. Fresh and powdered leaf was supplemented in various doses to soybean tempeh production. As results, Moringa leaves did not inhibit the growth of Rhizopus. The addition of Moringa leaf powder as much as 1x and 2x (w/w) of the total amount of yeast in the fermentation process produced a compact tempeh texture. The higher the concentration of Moringa leaf juice in the soaking process reduced total number of lactic acid bacteria to 103 CFU/g. LAB profile of teak leaf-wrapped tempeh with or without teak leaf powder supplementation contained LAB that belongs to the genus Weissella. Teak leaf-wrapped tempeh supplemented by 1x (w/w) Moringa leaf powder has a potential value to be socialized as functional food to the community.
A First National Seismic Network for the Maltese Islands—The Malta Seismic Network
Authors: Galea Pauline , Agius Matthew R. , Bozionelos George , D’Amico Sebastiano , Farrugia Daniela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Sicily Channel, situated on the leading edge of the African plate as it collides with Europe, presents a range of interesting and complex tectonic processes that have developed in response to various regional stress fields. The characterization and interpretation of the seismic activity, however, still presents a challenge. The Maltese islands, lying approximately 100 km to the south of Sicily, are known to have been affected by a number of earthquakes in the Channel, with some of these events estimated to be very close to the islands. Yet, in the absence of nearby seismic instruments, an accurate evaluation and mapping of small magnitude seismicity, and, hence, the identification of unmapped active faults in the region, remains a challenge. This situation is being partially addressed through the deployment of more seismic stations on the Maltese archipelago. The Malta Seismic Network (MSN; International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks code ML, see Data and Resources), managed by the Seismic Monitoring and Research Group, within the Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, currently comprises eight broadband, three-component stations covering an area of, approximately, 315  km2. Continuous seismic monitoring is possible following upgrades to real-time data transmission and automated epicenter location, coupled with a virtual seismic network established through SeisComP3, and focused mainly on the Mediterranean region. Such a dense national network, besides improving epicentral location in the Sicily Channel, will provide valuable information on microearthquake activity known to occur in close proximity to the islands, which has been very difficult to study in the past. It will also provide opportunities to study shallow crustal structure, site response on different geological substrates, microseismic noise propagation, and effects of anthropogenic activities. Here, we give a technical description of the MSN and an appraisal of its potential.
A Review of Timing Accuracy across the Global Seismographic Network
Authors: Ringler Adam T. , Anthony Robert E. , Wilson David C. , Auerbach Dan , Bargabus Scott , Davis Pete , Gunnels Michael , Hafner Katrin , Holland James F. , Kearns Aaron , Klimczak Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe accuracy of timing across a seismic network is important for locating earthquakes as well as studies that use phase-arrival information (e.g., tomography). The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) was designed with the goal of having reported timing be better than 10 ms. In this work, we provide a brief overview of how timing is kept across the GSN and discuss how clock-quality metrics are embedded in Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data records. Specifically, blockette 1001 contains the timing-quality field, which can be used to identify time periods when poor clock quality could compromise timing accuracy. To verify the timing across the GSN, we compare cross-correlation lags between collocated sensors from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2020. We find that the mean error is less than 10 ms, with much of the difference likely coming from the method or uncertainty in the phase response of the instruments. This indicates that timing across the GSN is potentially better than 10 ms. We conclude that unless clock quality is compromised (as indicated in blockette 1001), GSN data’s timing accuracy should be suitable for most current seismological applications that require 10 ms accuracy. To assist users, the GSN network operators have implemented a “gsn_timing” metric available via the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center that helps users identify data with substandard timing accuracy (the 10 ms design goal of the GSN).
Source Time Function Clustering Reveals Patterns in Earthquake Dynamics
Authors: Yin Jiuxun , Li Zefeng , Denolle Marine A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe cluster a global database of 3529 Mw&gt;5.5 earthquakes in 1995–2018 based on a dynamic time warping distance between earthquake source time functions (STFs). The clustering exhibits different degrees of complexity of the STF shapes and suggests an association between STF complexity and earthquake source parameters. Most of the thrust events have simple STF shapes across all depths. In contrast, earthquakes with complex STF shapes tend to be located at shallow depths in complicated tectonic regions, exhibit long source duration compared with others of similar magnitude, and tend to have strike-slip mechanisms. With 2D dynamic modeling of dynamic ruptures on heterogeneous fault properties, we find a systematic variation of the simulated STF complexity with frictional properties. Comparison between the observed and synthetic clustering distributions provides useful constraints on frictional properties. In particular, the characteristic slip-weakening distance could be constrained to be short (&lt;0.1  m) and depth dependent if stress drop is in general constant.
Estilos de Aprendizagem e o Desenvolvimento do Estudante Adulto
Authors: Brisola Brito Prado Maria Elisabette , Dias Fátima Aparecida da Silva , Caldeira dos Santos Bernardo Tatiane , Alves Soares Elisabete 
Published: March 2021

ResumoEste estudo tem como objetivo sistematizar aspectos relacionados à Teoria da Aprendizagem Experiencial de David Kolb no que tange aos Estilos de Aprendizagem, associando esta teoria com os estudos andragógicos. O estudante do Ensino Superior, numa primeira ou subsequente graduação, deve ser considerado um adulto aprendente que traz consigo uma bagagem cultural como estudante e/ou como profissional e, sobretudo, experiências, as quais podem servir de pontes entre o conhecimento prático vivido e o conhecimento técnico e teórico, resultando em aprendizagens significativas para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias para lidar com os artefatos de uma sociedade tecnológica em contínua e rápida transformação.
Palavras-chave: Teoria Experimental. Autoaprendizagem. Ciclo de Aprendizagem.
AbstractThis study aims to systematize aspects related to David Kolb's Theory of Experiential Learning with respect to Learning Styles, associating this theory with andragogic studies. The student of Higher Education, in a first or subsequent graduation, must be considered an adult learner who brings with him a cultural background as a student and / or as a professional and, above all, experiences, which can serve as bridges between the practical knowledge lived and the technical and theoretical knowledge, resulting in significant learning for the development of skills necessary to deal with the artifacts of a technological society in continuous and rapid transformation.
Keywords: Experimental Theory. Self-learning. Learning Cycle.Keywords.
Diagnóstico do Funcionamento do Conselho de Classe no IFMT-Campus Cuiabá Cel. Octayde Jorge da Silva
Authors: Muxfeldt Elisandra Regina , Albuquerque Albéria Cavalcanti de 
Published: March 2021

ResumoEste trabalho foi motivado pela expectativa de diagnosticar, a partir dos documentos vigentes, a atual forma de organização e de funcionamento do Conselho de Classe no IFMT- campus Cuiabá Cel. Octayde Jorge da Silva. Foi usada uma abordagem qualitativa com característica exploratória, por meio da Técnica da Documentação Indireta: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. Para tanto, buscou-se um embasamento teórico por meio de bibliografias referentes ao Conselho de Classe e em documentos legais como: a LDB/96; o Projeto Pedagógico Institucional do IFMT/2019 e a Organização Didática do IFMT/2014. Com base nos documentos legais se concluiu que o Conselho de Classe deve ser instituído nas escolas de forma participativa e colegiada, e que essa instância possui uma função importante no tocante ao acompanhamento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Todavia, não foram encontrados, no âmbito da Instituição, documentos com orientações para a prática da organização e do funcionamento do Conselho de Classe. Assim, identificou-se a necessidade de se construírem tais instrumentos, com vistas a ações mais efetivas para a execução, o acompanhamento e a avaliação do processo pedagógico nos cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio.
Palavras-chave: Projeto Pedagógico Institucional. Organização Didática. Ensino-Aprendizagem. Avaliação Escolar. Ensino Médio Integrado.
AbstractThis work was motivated by the expectation of diagnosing, based on the current documents, the current form of organization and functioning of the Class Council at the IFMT-campus Cuiabá Cel. Octayde Jorge da Silva. A qualitative approach with an exploratory characteristic was used, through the Indirect Documentation Technique: bibliographic research and documentary research. To this end, a theoretical basis was sought through bibliographies regarding the Class Council and in legal documents such as: LDB / 96; the Institutional Pedagogical Project of IFMT / 2019 and the Didactic Organization of IFMT / 2014. Based on the legal documents, it was concluded that the Class Council should be instituted in schools in a participatory and collegial way, and that this instance has an important role regarding the teaching-learning process monitoring. However, no documents were found, within the institution, with guidelines for the organization practice and the Class Council functioning. Thus, the need to build such instruments was identified, with a view to more effective actions for the execution, monitoring and evaluation of the pedagogical process in the Technical courses integrated to High School.
Keywords: Institutional Pedagogical Project. Didactic Organization. Teaching-Learning. School Evaluation. Integrated High School.