bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernization of the control system of the winder of the steel cord machine
Authors: Белый А.В. 
Published: February 2021

В статье приводится описание модернизированной системы управления намо­точного аппарата машин для производства металлокорда. Новая система по­зволила производить учет длины материала, намотанного на катушку или смотанного с катушки, в режиме устранения аварийных ситуаций, связанных с обрывом корда в процессе работы машины. Реализация предлагаемых алго­ритмов на базе программируемых реле позволила добиться выполнения требо­ваний по точности заданной длины готовой продукции.
he article describes the modernization of the control system of the winding appara­tus of machines for the production of steel cord. The new system made it possible to keep track of meters wound on a reel or reeled off a reel, in the mode of eliminating emergency situations associated with a cord breakage during machine operation. The implementation of the proposed algorithms based on programmable relays made it possible to meet the requirements for the accuracy of a given length of the finished product.
Assessment of the safety of aircraft crew members when using emergency exit systems based on detonation elongated charges
Authors: Алферов М.В. , Усачев Д.В. , Сосунов М.В. 
Published: February 2021

В статье анализируются результаты оценки безопасности членов экипажа летательных аппаратов при применении систем образования аварийных выходов, выполненных на основе детонационных удлинённых зарядов, на примере некоторых теоретических и экспериментальных работ.
The article analyzes the results of evaluating the safety of aircraft crew members when using emergency exit education systems based on detonation elongated charges, using the example of some theoretical and experimental works.
Analysis of failures of various spacecraft systems
Authors: Брусков А.А. 
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены и проанализированы вопросы, связанные с анализом отказов различных систем космических аппаратов. Рассмотрен вопрос создания условий для анализа отказов в нескольких состояниях космического аппарата. Проведен сравнительный анализ надежности систем космических аппаратов. Показано, что результаты анализа отказов в нескольких состояниях могут быть использованы для дальнейшего детального изучения «физики аномалий и отказов» отдельных подсистем космического аппарата.
Issues related to the analysis of failures of various spacecraft systems are considered and analyzed. The issue of creating conditions for analyzing failures in several States of the spacecraft is considered. A comparative analysis of the reliability of spacecraft systems is carried out. It is shown that the results of the analysis of failures in several States can be used for further detailed study of the « physics of anomalies and failures» of individual subsystems of the spacecraft.
The continuing control process technology of the flight crew’s psychophysiological state for forecasting and predicting the unregulated actions of commercial pilots
Authors: Иванова К.А. , Левин Д.Н. , Шкурин М.В. 
Published: February 2021

В статье описывается разработка технологии непрерывного контроля психофизиологического состояния летного экипажа гражданской авиации как инструмента, направленного на прогнозирование нерегламентированных действий пилотов, выявление их резервных психофизиологических возможностей в известной или прогнозируемой особой ситуации при выполнении полётного задания. Рассматривается значение внедрения психофизиологического и психолингвистического тестирования в организационную структуру кадрового обеспечения авиационного предприятия с целью оптимизации и автоматизации существующего комплекса по подготовке, обучению и переобучению пилотов гражданской авиации для обеспечения безопасности полетов.The paper deals with the development, structure and implementation of continuing control process technology of the flight crew’s psychophysiological state of the civil aviation as a tool aimed at forecasting and for predicting the unregulated actions of the pilots, revealing their reserve psychophysiological capabilities in known or predicted inflight abnormal circumstances during a flight mission. The creation and implementation of continuing control process technology (CCPT) means the introduction a system of the programs’ psychophysiological and psycholinguistic tests in the organizational structure of the aviation enterprise personnel support and the forecast base for flight safety to optimize and automate the existing complex for training, education and retraining of the commercial pilots to ensure flight safety.
The features of taking into account system of restrictions on using resources during ground stations scheduling
Authors: Кучеров Б.А. 
Published: February 2021

Проведен анализ особенностей учёта системы ограничений по использованию средств управления космическими аппаратами (КА) при их распределении. Показано влияние различных видов ограничений на возможность включения в план распределения средств поступивших заявок на использование средств управления КА без изменения их характеристик. Представлена математическая постановка задачи учета ограничений по использованию отдельных средств управления при РСУ КА. Приведена классификация конфликтных ситуаций, вызванных ограничениями по использованию средств управления КА.
The features of taking into account system of restrictions on using ground stations during their scheduling are analyzed. The influence of various types of restrictions on possibilities of including received requests on using ground stations into schedule are shown. The mathematical formulation of taking into account restrictions on using separate ground stations during their scheduling is presented. The classification of conflict situations caused by restrictions on using ground stations is given.
Usage of generative adversarial networks for edge prediction in ontology graphs
Authors: Мосалов О.П. 
Published: February 2021

Рассматривается модель машинного обучения для предсказания существования рёбер в графе онтологии, основанная на использовании генеративно-состязательной сети. Проведены вычислительные эксперименты для различных наборов значений гиперпараметров модели. Показано, что модель решает поставленную задачу. Сформулированы направления дальнейшего развития данного подхода.
A machine learning model for edge existence prediction in an ontology graph, based on generative adversarial networks, is considered. Computational experiments for different sets of hyper parameter values are fulfilled. It is shown that the model solves the task. Further steps on this approach research are formulated.
The removal of pollutants and natural organic compounds from acid mine drainage using a combination of bentonite clay and MgSO4
Authors: Ntwampe I. O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
200 mL of synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) sample was poured into five 500 mL glass beakers and treated in a jar test and a shaker in sets of experiments, respectively. The samples were treated in small-scale laboratory experiments using synthetic AMD sample dosed with bentonite clay and MgSO4 respectively, and a flocculant consisting of the same reagents. The pH, EC, turbidity and oxidation reduction potential were measured. The removal of turbid materials in the samples dosed with a flocculant is higher compared to those of the samples dosed with each reagent alone. The samples with flocculant dosage show high removal efficiency of natural organic compounds and toxic metals, slightly higher compared to those with a dosage of a combination of bentonite clay and MgSO4. The removal efficiency of the samples treated in a shaker is better than those with rapid mixing. The SEM micrographs show sorption is a physico-chemical phenomenon.
Short-term water demand predictions coupling an artificial neural network model and a genetic algorithm
Authors: Shirkoohi Majid Gholami , Doghri Mouna , Duchesne Sophie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The application of artificial neural network (ANN) models for short-term (15 min) urban water demand predictions is evaluated. Optimization of the ANN model's hyperparameters with a genetic algorithm (GA) and use of a growing window approach for training the model are also evaluated. The results are compared to those of commonly used time series models, namely the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and a pattern-based model. The evaluations are based on data sets from two Canadian cities, providing 15 min water consumption records over respectively 5 years and 23 months, with a respective mean water demand of 14,560 and 887 m3/d. The GA optimized ANN model performed better than the other models, with Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiencies of 0.91 and 0.83, and relative root mean square errors of 6 and 16% for City 1 and City 2, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the optimization of the hyperparameters of an ANN model can lead to better 15 min urban water demand predictions, which are useful for many real-time control applications, such as dynamic pressure control.
Removal of inorganic arsenic from aqueous solution by Fe-modified ceramsite: batch studies and remediation trials
Authors: Yin Yue , Xu Gaoyang , Li Linlin , Qiao Chunlei , Xiao Yihua , Ma Tao , Liu Changqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During sediment remediation, adsorbent addition is an effective technology for the removal of contaminants but the cost is often high. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent, ceramsite, made from contaminated riverbed sediment was synthesized. The Fe-modified ceramsite (FMC) was used as adsorbent to remove arsenate from aqueous solutions and reduce the inorganic arsenic release from contaminated sediments. Kinetic studies showed that chemisorption mainly governed the adsorption process while batch studies yielded the theoretical adsorption capacity for arsenate of 10.63 mg/g at pH = 7 condition. Co-existing anions and pH have no significant impact on the adsorption process. In the regeneration studies, 91, 86, and 80% of the adsorption capacity were recovered in 3 cycles. In-situ remediation trials revealed that the addition of the adsorbent to sediment surface significantly reduced the release of inorganic arsenic into aqueous system, with a reduction efficiency of 86%. Furthermore, the species of the arsenic in the surface layer was significantly inactivated from an active state to a stable state. These findings highlight the application of the FMC as a facile and cost-effective adsorbent for containment of arsenic in solutions and sediments, demonstrating that they are highly applicable for practical cases.
Biotechnological Eminence of Chitinases: A Focus on Thermophilic Enzyme Sources, Production Strategies and Prominent Applications
Authors: Akram Fatima , Akram Rabia , Haq Ikram ul , Nawaz Ali , Jabbar Zuriat , Ahmed Zeeshan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is a constantly
valuable and renewable raw material after cellulose. Due to advancement in technology, industrial
interest has grown to take advantage of the chitin.

Objective:
Now, biomass is being treated with diverse microbial enzymes or cells for the production
of desired products under best industrial conditions. Glycosidic bonds in chitin structure are degraded
by chitinase enzymes, which are characterized into number of glycoside hydrolase (GHs)
families.

Methods:
Thermophilic microorganisms are remarkable sources of industrially important thermostable
enzymes, having ability to survive harsh industrial processing conditions. Thermostable
chitinases have an edge over mesophilic chitinases as they can hydrolyse the substrate at relatively
high temperatures and exhibit decreased viscosity, significantly reduced contamination risk, thermal
and chemical stability and increased solubility. Various methods are employed to purify the enzyme
and increase its yield by optimizing various parameters such as temperature, pH, agitation,
and by investigating the effect of different chemicals and metal ions etc.

Results:
Thermostable chitinase enzymes show high specific activity at elevated temperature
which distinguish them from mesophiles. Genetic engineering can be used for further improvement
of natural chitinases, and unlimited potential for the production of thermophilic chitinases has been
highlighted due to advancement in synthetic biological techniques. Thermostable chitinases are
then used in different fields such as bioremediation, medicine, agriculture and pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion:
This review will provide information about chitinases, biotechnological potential of
thermostable enzyme and the methods by which they are being produced and optimized for several
industrial applications. Some of the applications of thermostable chitinases have also been briefly
described.
Beyond B-Cell Epitopes: Curating Positive Data on Antipeptide Paratope Binding to Support Peptide-Based Vaccine Design
Authors: C. Caoili Salvador Eugenio 
Published: February 2021

Background:
B-cell epitope prediction is a computational approach originally developed
to support the design of peptide-based vaccines for inducing protective antibody-mediated immunity,
as exemplified by neutralization of biological activity (e.g., pathogen infectivity). Said approach
is benchmarked against experimentally obtained data on paratope-epitope binding; but such
data are curated primarily on the basis of immune-complex structure, obscuring the role of antigen
conformational disorder in the underlying immune recognition process.

Objective:
This work aimed to critically analyze the curation of epitope-paratope binding data that
are relevant to B-cell epitope prediction for peptide-based vaccine design.

Methods:
Database records on neutralizing monoclonal antipeptide antibody immune-complex
structure were retrieved from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) and analyzed in relation to
other data from both IEDB and external sources including the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and published
literature, with special attention to data on conformational disorder among paratope-bound
and unbound peptidic antigens.

Results:
Data analysis revealed key examples of antipeptide antibodies that recognize conformationally disordered B-cell epitopes and thereby neutralize the biological activity of cognate targets (e.g., proteins and pathogens), with inconsistency noted in the mapping of some epitopes due to reliance on immune-complex structural details, which vary even among experiments utilizing the same paratope-epitope combination (e.g., with the epitope forming part of a peptide or a protein).

Conclusion:
The results suggest an alternative approach to curating paratope-epitope binding data based on neutralization of biological activity by polyclonal antipeptide antibodies, with reference to immunogenic peptide sequences and their conformational disorder in unbound antigen structures.
Epigenetic Modifications of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signalling Pathway and its Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Papoutsopoulou Stamatia , Campbell Barry J. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial condition influenced by the immune
system, the intestinal microbiota, environmental factors, genetic and epigenetic factors. Genetic- and environment-
induced dysregulation of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor pathway has been
linked to IBD pathogenesis.

Objective:
To assess the current evidence in relation to the contribution of the classical and alternative NF-κB
pathways in IBD and to discuss the epigenetic mechanisms that impact on NF-κB function.

Methods:
A Medline search for ‘NF-kappaB/NF-κB’, in combination with terms including ‘inflammatory bowel
disease/IBD’, 'intestinal inflammation', ‘Crohn's disease’, ‘ulcerative colitis’, 'colitis'; ‘epigenetics’, ‘DNA
methylation’, ‘histones’, ‘microRNAs/miRNAs’ and ‘short non-coding/long non-coding RNAs’ was performed.

Results:
Both NF-κB pathways contribute to the chronic inflammation underlying IBD by regulating the inflammatory
immune responses and homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium (classical pathway) or regulating bowel
inflammation and epithelial microfold (M) cell function (alternative pathway). DNA methylation is a common
epigenetic modification in intestinal inflammation, including NFKB1 and RELA loci. Conversely, little is understood
regarding epigenetic effects on genes encoding other NF-κB subunits, particularly those of the alternative
pathway, and in the context of IBD. However, NF-κB interaction with chromatin modifiers is also seen to be an
essential mechanism of regulation of downstream target genes relevant to NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses.

Conclusion:
Further research is clearly warranted in this area, as understanding the cell-specific regulation of
the NF-κB pathways will bring researchers into a position to achieve more efficient stratification of IBD patients,
and more targeted and effective choice of treatment.
UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS Based Metabolic Profiling of Protosappanin B in Rat Plasma, Bile, Feces, Urine and Intestinal Bacteria Samples
Authors: Chen Wei-Ying , Liang Guang-Yan , Zheng Zuo-Liang , Wu Yun-Shan , Xu Fang-Fang , Liu Bo , Guo De-an 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Caesalpinia sappan L. is a traditional medicinal plant that is used to promote blood circulation
and treat stroke in China. Protosappanin B (PTB) is a unique homoisoflavone compound isolated from Sappan
Lignum (the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L). In a previous study, the metabolic fate of PTB remained unknown.

Objective:
To explore whether PTB is extensively metabolized, the metabolites of PTB in bile, plasma, urine, feces,
and intestinal bacteria samples in rats were investigated.

Methods:
The biosamples were investigated by ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with time-offlight
mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) with MetabolitePilot software.

Result:
28 metabolites were identified in the biosamples: 18 metabolites in rat bile, 8 in plasma, 20 in feces, 7 in
urine and 2 in intestinal bacteria samples. Both phase I and phase II metabolites were observed. Metabolite conversion
occurred via 9 proposed pathways: sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, bis-glucuronide conjugation,
glucose conjugation, dehydration, oxidation, hydrolysis, methylation and hydroxymethylene loss. The metabolic
pathways differed among biosamples and exhibited different distributions. Among these pathways, the most important
was sulfate and glucuronide conjugation.

Conclusion:
: The results showed that the small intestinal and biliary routes play an important role in the clearance
and excretion of PTB. The main sites of metabolism in the PTB chemical structure were the phenolic hydroxyl and
the side-chains on the eight-element ring.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D3 in Combination with Fluconazole Against Vaginal Candidiasis in a Murine Model
Authors: Allemailem Khaled S. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
In the present study, we assessed the adjunct effect of vitamin D3 in combination
with Fluconazole (FLZ) against Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) in mice.

Methods:
Prophylactic effect was assessed by pretreating mice with vitamin D3 before exposure of
mice with 2 X 106 CFUs of Candida albicans followed by treatment with FLZ. To determine the
combined therapeutic efficacy, C. albicans infected mice were treated with a combination of vitamin
D3 (10 μg/kg) and FLZ (10 and 20 mg/kg). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by analyzing
the fungal load and blood cell count. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-
1β, IL-17 and TNF-α, were analyzed in the vaginal tissues. The histological analysis of the vaginal
tissue from the untreated and treated mice was performed to assess the efficacy of the treatment.

Results:
Prophylactic treatment with vitamin D3 (10 and 20 μg/kg) significantly increased the therapeutic
effect of FLZ against VVC. In a therapeutic experiment, mice in the infected control group
showed the highest vaginal fungal load of 83627 ± 10058 CFUs. Treatment with FLZ at a dose of 10
mg/kg reduced fungal load to 55523 ± 14823 CFUs, whereas the mice treated with a combination of
vitamin D3 and FLZ (10 mg/kg) had the fungal burden of 12156 ± 3219. Similarly, treatment with
FLZ (20 mg/kg) reduced fungal load to 36394 ± 5648 CFUs, whereas the addition of vitamin D3 to
FLZ (20 mg/kg) further reduced the fungal burden to 2179 ± 1188. The leukocyte numbers in the
infected mice increased to 9802 ± 505 as compared to 5152 ± 778 in normal control mice. Whereas,
a combination of vitamin D3 with FLZ (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte numbers to 7284 ± 607
and 5739 ± 1126. The histological analysis data revealed epithelial necrosis, shedding and ulceration
in the vaginal wall. Treatment with FLZ or a combination of FLZ and vitamin D3 brought regenerative
changes in the vaginal epithelium and lamina proparia.

Conclusion:
The results of the present work recommend that the addition of vitamin D3 may be
considered to increase the efficacy of FLZ against VVC.
Heuristics in Role of Human Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 as Nitric Oxide Carrier and its Engineered Variants for Enhanced Activity
Authors: Aravilli R. Kowshik , Kohila V. , Vikram S. Laveen 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Human glutathione S-transferases (hGSTs) are phase-II detoxification enzymes
that catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds and glutathione. Anomalous excess
production of NO in the cellular environment under diseased or stressed condition results in
lethal effects to the cell. Studies have reported that the evolution of tyrosine-based GSTs as a defense
mechanism by the cell to mitigate Nitric Oxide (NO) toxicity. The dual role of hGSTP1 as
NO carrier and scavenger is a prelude for the research forthwith.

Objective:
A plausible role of hGSTM1 as NO carrier is considered. Being a prominent cellular
messenger and secondary metabolite, excess production of NO is lethal to the cell. Moreover,
hGSTM1 polymorphisms lead to diminished catalytic activity that promotes a diseased state.
Hence, it is compelling to generate hGSTM1 mutants that have more catalytic efficacy compared
to Wild Type (WT).

Methods:
hGSTM1 mutants with enhanced efficiency were generated using in silico and in vitro
Site-Directed Mutagenesis (SDM). WT and mutant proteins were overexpressed and purified using
affinity chromatography. The catalytic activity and binding efficiency of WT and mutant proteins
towards CDNB (1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene) & NO were determined.

Results:
NO assay reveals the probable interaction of WT hGSTM1 with NO. In silico, SDM studies
provided E129K and Q109K mutants with superior NO binding efficiency as compared to WT.
The catalytic activity (GST and NO assays) of the mutants corroborate the in silico results.

Conclusion:
WT hGSTM1 is recognized as a positive NO carrier. The novel mutant enzymes
E129K and Q109K are inferred to possess superior NO carrying capacity.
Phospho-eIF4E: a new target for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jia Xiao feng , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2021

:
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is dysregulated in a wide variety of cancers. Higher expression of eIF4E promotes tumorigenesis and has been implicated in cancer development and progression. Regulation of eIF4E is particularly controlled through phosphorylation yielding phospho-eIF4E (p-eIF4E). p-eIF4E is a signaling molecule that participate in several pathways, including regulating various cancer-related processes. The role of phosphorylation of eIF4E at Serine 209 on oncogenic transformation has been appreciated for the last 10 years and has been under active investigation as a therapeutic target for cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the expression of p-eIF4E in the nucleus and the specific molecular mechanism of action remain largely unresolved. It is selectively and highly expressed in AML where its expression was associated with poor outcomes and prognosis. The purpose of this review is to describe p-eIF4E as an indicator prognosis and a potential anticancer target for biological therapy of AML.