bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Enumeration of Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infection: Current Scenario and Its Medical Relevance
Authors: Singh Pooja , Chandola Jyoti , Shahi Manoj Singh , Sharma Narotam , Gupta Komal , Singh Sandeep 
Published: February 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common among community acquired infections worldwide affecting men as well as women, many reports suggested that uropathogens are becoming more resistant towards antibiotics, which can cause various problems during treatment.
Methods: In this study, 48 samples were collected from the suspected patients and these samples were subjected to various clinical evaluations.
Results: Among them 29 were females and 19 were males, in the studied cases E. coli (48.3%) was most frequently observed pathogens, S. aureus (29.03%).Among antibiotics, Tigecyclin (TGC) was the most effective antibiotic against all the three isolated bacteria, about 100% of bacteria showed the sensitivity towards it. E. coli was found to be the most resistant bacteria against Tetracycline (TET) (66.6%) followed by Amoxiclav (AMC) (60%), Fosfomycin (Fo) (53.3%), Piperacilllin (PIP) (53.3%), Cefepime (CPM) (53.3%). Among K. pneumonia isolates had shown resistance against Tetracycline (TET) (57.1%), Fosfomycin (FO) (57.1%), Piperacillin (PI) (57.1%), Cephalexin (CZ) (57.1%) and Amikacin (AK) (57.1%). Staphylococcus aureus had shown maximum resistance against Tetracycline (TET) (66.5%), Co-amoxiclav (AMC) (66.5%) followed by Chloramphenicol (55.4%) and Cefepime (CPM) (55.4%).
Conclusion: In conclusion UTI infection rates are higher among females, E. coli was the most causative agents of UTI and the emergence of resistance in bacteria is probably due to the overuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic Tigecyclin could be the drug of choice for the treatment of UTI.
Transforming a Fluorochrome to an Efficient Photocatalyst for Oxidative Hydroxylation: A Supramolecular Dimerization Strategy Based on Host‐Enhanced Charge Transfer
Authors: Tang Bohan , Xu Weiquan , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of non‐covalent synthetic strategy to fabricate efficient photocatalysts is of great importance in theranostic and organic materials. Herein, a fluorochrome N,N′‐dimethyl 2,5‐bis(4‐pyridinium)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazolediiodide (MPT) was transformed into an efficient photocatalyst through supramolecular dimerization in the cavity of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). The host‐enhanced charge transfer interaction within the supramolecular dimer 2MPT‐CB[8] dramatically promoted intersystem crossing to produce triplet. In addition, the staggered conformation of 2MPT‐CB[8] facilitated the energy transfer and electron transfer of the triplet. As a result, 2MPT‐CB[8] could serve as a high‐efficiency photocatalyst for the oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids. This supramolecular dimerization strategy enriches the supramolecular engineering of functional π‐systems. It is anticipated that this strategy can be extended to fabricate various π‐systems with tailor‐made functions.
Crown Ether Functionalized Potassium‐Responsive Anionocages for Cascaded Guest Delivery
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Huang Zhe , Li Anyang , Zhao Yanxia , Zuo Wei , Li Yawen , Miao Haohao , Ma Jiacheng , Sun Wei , Wang Xiaoqing , Cao Liping , Wu Biao , Jia Chuandong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn many critical biological processes, host–guest chemistry of protein receptors is regulated by effector molecules to realize cascaded delivery of messenger molecules between different targets. Mimicking these natural processes with artificial receptors remains a challenge. Herein, we report a cascaded guest delivery between two anionocages (anion‐coordination‐driven cages), in a reversible manner, wherein binding of K+ ions by a crown ether functionalized, heteroleptic A2L3 (A=anion, L=ligand) anionocage triggers the release and delivery of a TEA+ (tetraethylammonium) guest to another A2L3 anionocage that is a weaker and less K+‐sensitive receptor. Elimination of the K+ with [2,2,2]‐cryptand enables recapture of the TEA+ by the crown ether functionalized anionocage and thus realizes a reversed guest delivery. Moreover, integrative self‐sorting of anionocages is firstly reported, leading to heteroleptic cages with enhanced guest binding affinities.
Pilot RNA‐seq data from 24 species of vascular plants at Harvard Forest
Authors: Marx Hannah E. , Jorgensen Stacy A. , Wisely Eldridge , Li Zheng , Dlugosch Katrina M. , Barker Michael S. 
Published: February 2021

PremiseLarge‐scale projects such as the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) collect ecological data on entire biomes to track climate change. NEON provides an opportunity to launch community transcriptomic projects that ask integrative questions in ecology and evolution. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the challenges of collecting RNA‐seq data from diverse plant communities.MethodsWe generated >650 Gbp of RNA‐seq for 24 vascular plant species representing 12 genera and nine families at the Harvard Forest NEON site. Each species was sampled twice in 2016 (July and August). We assessed transcriptome quality and content with TransRate, BUSCO, and Gene Ontology annotations.ResultsOnly modest differences in assembly quality were observed across multiple k‐mers. On average, transcriptomes contained hits to >70% of loci in the BUSCO database. We found no significant difference in the number of assembled and annotated transcripts between diploid and polyploid transcriptomes.DiscussionWe provide new RNA‐seq data sets for 24 species of vascular plants in Harvard Forest. Challenges associated with this type of study included recovery of high‐quality RNA from diverse species and access to NEON sites for genomic sampling. Overcoming these challenges offers opportunities for large‐scale studies at the intersection of ecology and genomics.
Equation of state of strange stars with admissible dark matter: Derivation from galactic rotational curves
Authors: Razeira Moisés , Köpp Fabio , Volkmer Guilherme , Machado Magno , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompact stars consisting of strange quark matter and strange matter with admissible dark matter are studied by solving the Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff equations for two fluids interacting only by gravity, with the dark‐matter EoS obtained by means of galaxy rotation curves. The properties of these stars are explored by means of the modeling of their mass‐radius relations and gravitational redshifts.
Symmetry energy and neutron pressure of finite nuclei using the relativistic mean‐field formalism
Authors: Biswal Nibedita , El Sheikh M. K Abu , Behera Deepanjali , Biswal Subrat Kumar , Patra Suresh Kumar , Yusof Norhliza , Kassim Hassan Abu , Carlson Brett Vern , Bhuyan Mrutunjaya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the isospin and Z‐dependency of the effective symmetry energy and its co‐efficient, namely, neutron pressure for the isotonic chain of neutron magic N = 40, and 82. The relativistic mean‐field model with the non‐linear NL3* parameter and Relativistic‐Hartree‐Bogoliubov approach with density‐dependent DD‐ME2 parameter sets are used for the analysis. The coherent density fluctuation model and Liquid‐Drop‐Approximation are adopted to formulate the nuclear matter observables such as symmetry energy, neutron pressure of finite nuclei at local density. We found a notable sign of the shell/sub‐shell closure following the proton magic over the isotonic chain. Further, a comparative analysis shows that the coherent density fluctuation model is a better approximation to include the surface effect of finite nuclei as compared to the Liquid‐Drop‐Approximation, which plays a significant role to determine the shell/sub‐shell closure over an isotopic and/or isotonic chain.
Sustainable Electricity Generation from Continuous Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Chinnaraj Ganesh , Priya Ponnaiah Gomathi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device for wastewater treatment with simultaneous power generation. As batch‐mode MFCs are common, the present research work reports on two trials of continuous mode operation of MFCs using domestic wastewater as substrate and sludge as bacterial source. Trial‐2 was carried out with low substrate flow rate. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction during substrate treatment in trial‐1 and 2 was determined. Though the average power output was high in trial‐1, it had a drastically changing trend. Trial‐2 provided better water treatment and non‐fluctuating power output. Thus, it is favorable considering sustainable electricity generation.
A surrogate model for plaque modeling in carotids based on Robin conditions calibrated by cine MRI data
Authors: Pozzi Silvia , Domanin Maurizio , Forzenigo Laura , Votta Emiliano , Zunino Paolo , Redaelli Alberto , Vergara Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a surrogate model for the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem for the study of blood dynamics in carotid arteries in presence of plaque. This is based on the integration of a numerical model with subject‐specific data and clinical imaging. We propose to model the plaque as part of the tissues surrounding the vessel wall through the application of an elastic support boundary condition. In order to characterize the plaque and other surrounding tissues, such as the close‐by jugular vein, the elastic parameters of the boundary condition were spatially differentiated and their values were estimated by minimizing the discrepancies between computed vessel displacements and reference values obtained from CINE Magnetic Resonance Imaging data. We applied the model to three subjects with a degree of stenosis greater than 70%. We found that accounting for both plaque and jugular vein in the estimation of the elastic parameters increases the accuracy. In particular, in all patients, mismatches between computed and in vivo measured wall displacements were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the spatial resolution of the original MRI data. These results confirmed the validity of the proposed surrogate plaque model. We also compared fluid‐dynamics results with those obtained in a fixed wall setting and in a full FSI model, used as gold standard, highlighting the better accordance of our results in comparison to the rigid ones.
Efficient Direct Reverse Intersystem Crossing between Charge Transfer‐Type Singlet and Triplet States in a Purely Organic Molecule
Authors: Wada Yoshimasa , Wakisaka Yasuaki , Kaji Hironori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the field of organic light‐emitting diodes, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have achieved great performance. The key factor for this performance is the small energy gap (ΔEST) between the lowest triplet (T1) and singlet excited (S1) states, which can be realized in a well‐separated donor‐acceptor system. Such systems are likely to possess similar charge transfer (CT)‐type T1 and S1 states. Recent investigations have suggested that the intervention of other type‐states, such as locally excited triplet state(s), is necessary for efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that our blue TADF material exhibits efficient RISC even between singlet CT and triplet CT states without any additional states. The key factor is dynamic flexibility of the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor, which enhances spin‐orbit coupling even between the charge transfer‐type T1 and S1 states, without sacrificing the small ΔEST. This results in excellent photoluminescence and electroluminescence performances in all the host materials we investigate, with sky‐blue to deep‐blue emissions. Among the hosts investigated, the deepest blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.16) and the highest EQEMAX of 23.9 % are achieved simultaneously.
DNA‐Guided Programmable Protein Assemblies for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Xuemei , Han Da 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile the protein assemblies have been found widely existing and playing significant roles in biological systems, their imitation and re‐construction is further boosting more applications in biomedical research, such as enzymatic reaction regulation, sensing, and biomedicine. DNA nanotechnology provides a programmable strategy for the fabrication of nanostructures with unprecedented accuracy on the nanoscale. By linking the DNA nanotechnology with proteins of different functions, the precise construction of DNA‐guided protein assemblies can be achieved for various biomedical applications. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in the programmable protein assemblies on DNA nanoplatforms and discusses the outlook of DNA‐guided protein assemblies in the biomedical research.
Induction of false beliefs and false memories in laboratory studies—A systematic review
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Schönborn Fabian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPsychological interventions often use guided discovery and other techniques for diagnostic exploration and intervention planning. This way, memories may arise in the person, which may be true or false. False memories of earlier events can be harmful and result in real suffering, similar to actual traumatic memories. Based on cognitive psychological and psycho‐traumatological findings, there is pronounced dissent in the academic disciplines regarding the conceptualization, relevance and research of false memories. This review contributes to the basic question of how often false beliefs and false memories may be induced within the frame of different interactional techniques. A systematic review has been conducted of 59 articles from (quasi‐)experimental studies and two qualitative sources from 30 data bases. Three main methods of memory induction provide the basis for reporting: imagination inflation, false feedback, and memory implantation. Due to the conceptual and methodological diversity of the studies, the results appear to be heterogeneous. Free and guided imagery, as well as suggestive statements, could induce false beliefs or false memories in, on average, 20%–50% of the participants who underwent experimental manipulation concerning false past events. A false belief induction may occur after dream interpretation or hypnosis in more than 50% of participants. Personalized suggestion is more effective in inducing memory than the general plausibility of the suggested events. Further research questions are which therapeutic actions seem appropriate in cases of harmful false memories. This depends not only on whether there are veridical elements in the false memory but also on the quality and meaning of the memory for the person's life and ability to cope with burdens.
Internet‐based cognitive behavioural therapy programme with and without videoconference guidance sessions: A randomized controlled trial to treat work‐related symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Calero Elvira Ana , Santacreu Ivars Marta , Marchena Giráldez Carlos , Shih Pei‐Chun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study provides the results from the implementation of a highly structured therapist‐guided iCBT programme for people with work‐related anxiety and depression, in terms of programme efficacy, participants' adherence and satisfaction. Seventy‐seven national police workers were randomly allocated to one of two groups: without additional videoconference sessions (web platform with guidance of therapist) and with additional videoconference sessions (same intervention as the previous group, plus two videoconference guidance sessions with a psychologist). The intervention was composed of 12 sessions and took place for 17–20 weeks. We found an adherence rate of 36.4%, with no differences between groups. All participants endorsed lower depression (BDI‐II F(1) = 36.98, p < .001; ATQ F(1) = 24.22, p < .001), and anxiety (STAI‐State F(1) = 76.62, p < .001) after the programme. As a variable related to anxiety and depression in workplace, participants also showed higher assertiveness levels (RAS F(1) = 8.96, p < .001). A significant reduction of the mean level of anxiety perceived by participants as the intervention programme progressed was observed in both groups (F(2) = 7.44; p = .003). Participants were satisfied with the therapists' intervention and with the programme. No significant group effects were found for any of the measures. Reduction in depression levels was maintained in the 12‐month follow‐up, but levels of anxiety increased. This study is innovative, as it is the first controlled trial to analyse the effect of two added videoconference sessions, and it includes short‐ and long‐term measures, which is not usual. The results are discussed to clarify the role of the contact with the therapist to improve treatment adherence.
Functional contribution of DCLKs in sea urchin development
Authors: Xu Derek , Wavreil Florence D.M. , Waldron Ashley , Yajima Mamiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDoublecortin‐like kinase1 and 2 (DCLKs) are protein Ser/Thr kinases important for neuronal development. More recently, they are also reported to regulate plasticity such as cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and cancer cells, but the details of their functions in this biological context are still unclear. With an attempt to reveal the functions of DCLKs in plasticity regulation, we here used the sea urchin embryo that undergoes highly regulative development as an experimental model.ResultsWe found that both the transcripts and the proteins of DCLKs are uniformly present during early embryogenesis and with some enrichment in mesenchymal cells after gastrula stage. Knockdown of DCLKs induced general developmental delay and defects at day 2. Further, the damage on the embryo/larva induced ectopic expression of DCLKs in the ectoderm where the damage was most severe. Under a tumor‐prone or ‐suppressive condition, DCLKs expression was upregulated or downregulated, respectively, after damage. In both cases, the embryos showed severe developmental defects.ConclusionsTaken together, a transient upregulation of DCLKs appears to be involved in a damage response both during normal and abnormal development, and which could result in different phenotypes in a context dependent manner.
Improving the ability of a BACI design to detect impacts within a kelp‐forest community
Authors: Rassweiler Andrew , Okamoto Daniel K. , Reed Daniel C. , Kushner David J. , Schroeder Donna M. , Lafferty Kevin D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDistinguishing between human impacts and natural variation in abundance remains difficult because most species exhibit complex patterns of variation in space and time. When ecological monitoring data are available, a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) analysis can control natural spatial and temporal variation to better identify an impact and estimate its magnitude. However, populations with limited distributions and confounding spatial‐temporal dynamics can violate core assumptions of BACI‐type designs. In this study, we assessed how such properties affect the potential to identify impacts. Specifically, we quantified the conditions under which BACI analyses correctly (or incorrectly) identified simulated anthropogenic impacts in a spatially and temporally replicated data set of fish, macroalgal, and invertebrate species found on nearshore subtidal reefs in southern California, USA. We found BACI failed to assess very localized impacts, and had low power but high precision when assessing region‐wide impacts. Power was highest for severe impacts of moderate spatial scale, and impacts were most easily detected in species with stable, widely distributed populations. Serial autocorrelation in the data greatly inflated false impact detection rates, and could be partly controlled for statistically, while spatial synchrony in dynamics had no consistent effect on power or false detection rates. Unfortunately, species that offer high power to detect real impacts were also more likely to detect impacts where none had occurred. However, considering power and false detection rates together can identify promising indicator species, and collectively analyzing data for similar species improved the net ability to assess impacts. These insights set expectations for the sizes and severities of impacts that BACI analyses can detect in real systems, point to the importance of serial autocorrelation (but not of spatial synchrony), and indicate how to choose the species, and groups of species, that can best identify impacts.
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
Authors: Zhong Zhiwei , Li Xiaofei , Sanders Dirk , Liu Yiming , Wang Ling , Ortega Yvette K. , Pearson Dean E. , Wang Deli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe interplay between top‐down and bottom‐up processes determines ecosystem productivity. Yet, the factors that mediate the balance between these opposing forces remain poorly understood. Furthering this challenge, complex and often cryptic factors like ecosystem engineering and trait‐mediated interactions may play major roles in mediating the outcomes of top‐down and bottom‐up interactions. In semiarid grasslands of northeastern China, we conducted a large‐scale, three‐year experiment to evaluate how soil engineering by ants and plasticity in plants independently and jointly influenced the top‐down effects of grazing by a ubiquitous herbivore (cattle) on aboveground standing biomass of the dominant perennial grass,Leymus chinensis. Herbivory had strong top‐down effects, reducingL. chinensisAB by 25% relative to baseline levels without cattle or ants. In contrast, soil engineering by ants facilitated weak bottom‐up effects in the absence of herbivory. However, in the presence of herbivory, soil engineering effects were strong enough to fully offset herbivore removal of aboveground biomass. This outcome was mediated byL. chinensis’s plasticity in reallocating growth from below‐ to aboveground biomass, a result linked to additive effects of engineers and herbivores increasing soil N availability and engineering effects improving soil structure. Soil engineering increased soil N by 12%, promoting aboveground biomass. Herbivores increased soil N by 13% via defecation, but this increase failed to offset their reductions in aboveground biomass in isolation. However, when combined, engineers and herbivores increased soil N by 26% and engineers improved soil bulk density, facilitatingL. chinensisto shift resource allocations from below‐ to aboveground biomass sufficiently to fully offset herbivore suppression of aboveground biomass. Our results demonstrate that soil engineering and trait‐mediated effects of plant plasticity can strongly mediate the outcome of top‐down and bottom‐up interactions. These cryptic but perhaps ubiquitous processes may help to explain the long‐debated phenomenon of plant compensatory responses to large grazers.