bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise on bone mineral density among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Shifang , Huang Xiuxiu , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Bei , Cai Ying , Liang Xiaoqin , Wan Qiaoqin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically review and compare the efficacy of different exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia.BackgroundIt is vitally important to prevent and treat bone loss in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Exercise can effectively increase bone density and slow down bone loss in middle‐aged and older people. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise intervention is the most effective on bone mineral density.DesignSystematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) according to PRISMA.MethodsRandomised controlled trials of different exercise treatments for osteopenia and primary osteoporosis were included. A Frequentist network meta‐analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of exercise. The outcome was bone mineral density of different parts of the body.ResultsNinety‐seven studies were included. The network meta‐analysis showed that combined exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise and mind‐body exercise had a significant effect in improving the bone density of lumbar spine. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) values for mind‐body exercise was 0.99 and ranked first. For BMD of the femoral neck, all kinds of exercise interventions increased the bone density significantly compared with no exercise and the optimal type was mind‐body exercise (SUCRA = 0.99). In terms of the total hip bone mineral density, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise could improve hip bone density, with the resistance exercise (SUCRA = 0.95) ranking as first.ConclusionsThis NMA demonstrated the mind–body exercise might be the optimal exercise type to increase the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and resistance exercise is the most promising type for total hip BMD.
Xenoliths in ordinary chondrites and ureilites: Implications for early solar system dynamics
Authors: Goodrich Cyrena Anne , Kring David A. , Greenwood Richard C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForeign clasts (xenoliths) in meteoritic breccias are a serendipitous source of information about the impact environment in which their hosts formed, including impactor flux and cosmochemical types. These parameters may be related to timing and/or heliocentric distance of xenolith origin and implantation, and thus can be used to test or inform models of early solar system dynamics. We use xenoliths in ordinary chondrites (OCs) and ureilites to do this. We first conducted a petrologic and oxygen isotope study of a new, cm‐sized igneous‐textured clast in L3.7 Northwest Africa (NWA) 092, which highlighted some of the difficulties of identifying xenoliths in meteorites. Results indicate that this clast is not a xenolith but an impact melt of non‐local OC material. We add this result to a literature survey of more than 3000 OCs and find that the fraction of OCs that contain xenoliths is <<1%, and, even in these, the abundance and the diversity of xenoliths are very low. This contrasts markedly with the ureilites, ˜5% of which contain ˜1–10 vol% xenoliths from every major meteorite class, including multiple groups and petrologic types. To investigate reasons for this difference, we compare the histories of OC and ureilite parent bodies. The OC and ureilitic parent bodies accreted in the inner solar system within ˜1 AU of one another. The OC bodies accreted ˜2–3 Myr after calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) formation and were heated slowly, experiencing thermal metamorphism over ˜50–60 Myr. The ureilite parent body (UPB) accreted <1 Myr after CAIs and was heated rapidly, experiencing partial melting over ˜4 Myr. Both OC parent bodies and the UPB were catastrophically disrupted and reassembled into rubble piles. For ureilites, this occurred ˜5.0–5.4 Ma after CAIs, while for OCs, it did not occur until 50–60 Myr after CAIs. Xenoliths in OC and ureilitic breccias were acquired as fragments of impactors on the rubble piles. The presence in polymict ureilites of xenoliths of all OC groups (H, L, LL) and petrologic types (3–6), and the intimate scale on which these and myriad other xenolith types are mixed, indicate that most xenoliths were acquired within a short time period around ˜50–60 Myr after CAIs when OC (likely also Rumuruti chondrite and enstatite chondrite) parent bodies were disrupted. This timing is consistent with the early instability dynamical model for a period of excitation in the asteroid belt. Outer solar system (CC) xenoliths were also acquired during this period, but were derived indirectly from C‐type bodies that had already been emplaced in orbits in the asteroid belt. The large discrepancy in xenolith abundance between ureilites and OC may be due to different physical properties of their regoliths at 50–60 Myr after CAIs. CC‐like xenoliths in OC may represent a different, more recently acquired, population than those in polymict ureilites.
Noble gas exposure ages of samples from Cone and North Ray craters: Implications for the recent lunar cratering chronology
Authors: Füri Evelyn , Zimmermann Laurent , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of rocks that were ejected by the impacts that created Cone and North Ray craters provide two crucial calibration points at <100 Ma for the lunar cratering chronology function, which relates the crater density of geological units on the Moon to their absolute age. To reassess the formation ages of these two craters, we determine here the accumulated abundances of “cosmogenic” noble gas nuclides (3Hecosm, 21Necosm, 38Arcosm), as well as the corresponding CRE ages, in six Apollo 14 rocks (i.e., one breccia and five basalts) and two Apollo 16 anorthosites that were collected near the rims of Cone and North Ray craters, respectively. Although noble gas concentrations allow CRE ages to be derived, the calculated 21Ne and 38Ar exposure ages of a given sample cover a significant range of values because published empirical or theoretical production rates of cosmogenic nuclides are highly variable. Nonetheless, it is evident that mare basalts 14053 and 14072 as well as breccia 14068, which were collected near the rim of Cone crater, were exposed at the lunar surface more recently than the three KREEP basalts (14073, 14077, 14078) collected farther away. The 38Ar exposure ages of anorthosites 67075 and 67955 from North Ray crater slightly exceed those of samples 14053, 14068, and 14072. These results confirm that Cone crater is younger than North Ray crater. However, the formation ages of Cone and North Ray craters have larger uncertainties than previously acknowledged. This implies that the uncertainties of noble gas exposure ages should be taken into account when remotely dating young surfaces on the Moon and on other planetary bodies in the solar system.
Abscisic acid is required for exodermal suberization to form a barrier to radial oxygen loss in the adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Shiono Katsuhiro , Yoshikawa Marina , Kreszies Tino , Yamada Sumiyo , Hojo Yuko , Matsuura Takakazu , Mori Izumi C. , Schreiber Lukas , Yoshioka Toshihito 
Published: November 2021

Summary

To acclimate to waterlogged conditions, wetland plants form a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) that can enhance oxygen transport to the root apex. We hypothesized that one or more hormones are involved in the induction of the barrier and searched for such hormones in rice.

We previously identified 98 genes that were tissue‐specifically upregulated during ROL barrier formation in rice. The RiceXPro database showed that most of these genes were highly enhanced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). We then examined the effect of ABA on ROL barrier formation by using an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone, FLU), by applying exogenous ABA and by examining a mutant with a defective ABA biosynthesis gene (osaba1).

FLU suppressed barrier formation in a stagnant solution that mimics waterlogged soil. Under aerobic conditions, rice does not naturally form a barrier, but 24 h of ABA treatment induced barrier formation. osaba1 did not form a barrier under stagnant conditions, but the application of ABA rescued the barrier. In parallel with ROL barrier formation, suberin lamellae formed in the exodermis.

These findings strongly suggest that ABA is an inducer of suberin lamellae formation in the exodermis, resulting in an ROL barrier formation in rice.
Association between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis. A systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Serni Lapo , Caroti Leonardo , Barbato Luigi , Nieri Michele , Serni Sergio , Cirami Calogero Lino , Cairo Francesco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesAims of this SR were to assess the association of Periodontitis (PD) with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and with different CKD stages.Materials and methodsMEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Trials and EMBASE, up to April 4, 2021 were searched. RCTs, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies and cross‐sectional studies were considered. JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tool for risk of bias assessment was used. The risk of PD was calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (MH‐OR); weighted mean difference for clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) were also evaluated.ResultsOut of 1949 titles screened, 142 full texts were evaluated and 17 studies were included. CKD was associated to higher risk of PD (MH‐OR = 2.36, [95% C.I. 1.25, 4.44]; p = 0.008), higher mean CAL (WMD = 0.41 mm [95% C.I. 0.22, 0.60]; p < 0.0001) and mean PPD (WMD = 0.25 mm [95% C.I. 0.03, 0.47]; p = 0.02) compared to healthy individuals. Severe CKD (stages 4–5 vs 2–3) resulted at higher risk of PD (MH‐OR = 2.21, [95% C.I. 1.07, 4.54]; p = 0.03). Heterogeneity and risk of bias were high.ConclusionsAn association between PD and CKD was found. It could be appropriate to consider PD a frequent CKD comorbidity.
Strategies for Streptococcus mutans biofilm dispersal through extracellular polymeric substances disruption
Authors: Lin Yongwang , Zhou Xuedong , Li Yuqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm‐dependent oral infectious diseases affecting most of the world's population. Streptococcus mutans, a major extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria in dental plaque, plays a vital role in human dental caries. EPS acts as the framework of dental plaque and promotes bacterial adhesion, cohesion, and environmental stress resistance and hinders the diffusion of nutrients and metabolic products. Since EPS is critical for biofilm lifestyle and virulence of cariogenic bacteria, EPS disruption could be a potential strategy to prevent caries. This review sought to summarize potential strategies to inhibit S. mutans biofilms through EPS disruption. The signal network intervention has a positive effect on S. mutans biofilm disruption, which could be achieved by using cyclic dimeric G/AMP inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, and diffusible signal factors. Besides the enzyme degradation of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins, other novel strategies, such as nanoparticles and phage therapy, could also promote EPS matrix disruption.
Lipoprotein‐subclass particle numbers in children with abdominal obesity
Authors: Akiyama Hiroki , Iwata Fujihiko , Okada Tomoo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe lipoprotein particle number (PN) profile may be a better marker of cardiovascular risks than standard serum lipid measurements. The aim of this study was to analyze the lipoprotein PNs in Japanese children with abdominal obesity and to determine the subclass profile.MethodsThe participants included 164 Japanese children (79 boys and 85 girls) aged 9–13 years. We obtained waist‐to‐height ratios (WHtR) and serum lipids for all participants. The lipoprotein PNs in 12 subclasses were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsBoth boys and girls with abdominal obesity (WHtR ≧ 0.5) had significantly higher triglyceride (TG), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐PN, and all VLDL‐subclass PNs compared to those without abdominal obesity. In boys with abdominal obesity, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐PN was higher, but lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) was not, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was lower, but HDL‐PN was not compared to those without abdominal obesity. In girls with abdominal obesity, LDL‐C and LDL‐PN were not significantly different and both HDL‐C and HDL‐PN were lower compared to those without abdominal obesity. Subclass analyses demonstrated that boys and girls with abdominal obesity had significantly lower very large and large HDL‐PNs than those without abdominal obesity. In addition, medium, small, and very small LDL‐PNs were higher in boys with abdominal obesity than those without abdominal obesity.ConclusionsThis study found that Japanese children with abdominal obesity are affected by the lipoprotein‐subclass PN profile, with sex differences in the LDL‐ and HDL‐subclasses, which is different from results obtained by standard serum lipid measurements.
Dyadic relationships between personality, social support, conflict resolution, and marital quality
Authors: Delatorre Marina Zanella , Wagner Adriana , Bedin Lívia Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the dyadic associations between personality, social support, conflict resolution strategies, and marital quality. The participants were 244 mixed‐gender Brazilian couples. We tested a model in which personality traits and social support were predictors of conflict resolution strategies that, in their turn, predicted marital quality at the intrapersonal and interpersonal level using an Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results showed that conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and social support were the most important predictors of conflict resolution strategies, followed by openness. These strategies were also associated with marital quality at the intrapersonal and interpersonal level. This study provides insights about individual and contextual areas that may be targeted for interventions with couples.
A multicenter evaluation of hepatitis B reactivation with and without antiviral prophylaxis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Shaikh Suhail A , Kahn Jeffrey , Aksentijevic Andraea , Kawewat‐Ho Pnada , Bixby Alexandra , Rendulic TrisAnn , Park Jeong M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative and hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc)‐positive kidney transplant recipients ranges between 1.4% and 9.6%. Limited evidence is available regarding routine antiviral prophylaxis and identifiable risk factors for HBV reactivation in this population.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, we evaluated the prevalence of HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive kidney transplant recipients who did or did not receive antiviral prophylaxis. The primary outcome assessed the prevalence of HBV reactivation, defined as a positive HBV DNA by PCR of any viral load at or above the minimal detection level. The principal safety outcomes assessed 1‐year graft survival, 1‐year all‐cause mortality, biopsy‐proven acute rejection, and antibody‐mediated rejection.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐one patients met inclusion criteria and comprised two groups, antiviral prophylaxis (n = 14) and no antiviral prophylaxis (n = 147). Of patients who did not receive prophylaxis, only five (3.4%) experienced HBV reactivation, whereas one (7.1%) patient in the prophylaxis group experienced reactivation over a median follow‐up of 1103 days (p = .43). Furthermore, there were no differences with respect to all secondary outcomes. Statistical analysis demonstrated delayed graft function to be a significant factor associated with HBV reactivation.ConclusionThese study results suggest that the prevalence of HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive kidney transplant recipients is low, regardless of antiviral prophylaxis. Furthermore, there were no significant graft‐related outcomes among those that did experience reactivation.
Babesia blood testing: the first‐year experience
Authors: Tonnetti Laura , Dodd Roger Y. , Foster Gregory , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBabesia is an intraerythrocytic parasite responsible for hundreds of cases of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis in the past 50 years. In May of 2020, blood testing for Babesia was implemented at the American Red Cross (ARC) for all donations in endemic areas of the northeastern and midwestern regions of the United States.MethodsBetween May 2020 and May 2021, 1,816,669 donations from 13 states and DC were tested for Babesia by the ARC. Testing was performed in pools of 16 whole blood lysates using a licensed nucleic acid test (NAT) targeting Babesia 18S rRNA. Reactive donations were tested for B. microti antibody by immunoglobulin G immunofluorescence. Suspected cases of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis (TTB) were investigated if reported.ResultsThe first 13 months of Babesia screening identified 365 NAT‐reactive donations. Antibodies for B. microti were detected in 79% (287) of reactive donations; negative serology samples were prevalent between May and July. Follow‐up donations were collected from 142 donors, and 86% (122), collected up to 74 days after index, remained NAT reactive. Reactive donations were mainly collected in MA (77), CT (68), NY (49), NJ (47), and PA (44), but were identified in all states except Delaware. Most reactive blood donors were male (65%) aged between 40 and 80 years. Since the beginning of Babesia testing, no case of TTB was identified.ConclusionsThe absence of TTB cases since implementation of Babesia screening for blood donations collected in endemic areas suggests testing is an effective strategy to eliminate TTB.
Electrochemical Bioelectronics in Drug Delivery: Effect of the Initial Gas Volume
Authors: Avila Raudel , Ciatti Joanna L. , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Wu Yixin , Zhang Yamin , Garziera Rinaldo , Rogers John A. , Huang Yonggang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices with drug delivery capabilities have emerged as suitable candidates for biomedical applications focusing on localized drug delivery. These classes of miniaturized bioelectronics offer wireless operation and refillable designs that can be used for repeated animal behavioral studies without restricting their motion. The pumping mechanisms of these bioelectronic devices features soft materials, microfluidics, and electrochemical subsystems that can be scaled from behavioral studies in small animals to delivery of life-saving medication in humans. Here, we study the refillable aspect of these bioelectronic systems using an analytic model for the drug delivery time established from the ideal gas law when an initial gas volume is present in the device electrolyte reservoirs. The effect of the initial gas volume in delaying the drug delivery time is captured via a non-dimensional parameter identified as the normalized initial gas volume. An analytical solution is derived from the perturbation method, which agrees well with the numerical solution. These results have relevance in the reusability aspect of these bioelectronic systems since modifying the amount of initial gas in the device reservoirs for different experiments affects the total delivery time and can serve as a tunable parameter to ensure timely and successful delivery of the drug in the target region.
Strengthening public financial management in the health sector: a qualitative case study from South Africa
Authors: Wishnia Jodi , Goudge Jane 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionEffective public financial management (PFM) ensures public health funds are used to deliver services in the best way possible. Given the global call for universal health coverage, and concerns about the management of public funds in many low-income and middle-income countries, PFM has become an important area of research. South Africa has a robust PFM framework, that is generally adhered to, and yet financial outcomes have remained poor. In this paper, we describe how a South African provincial department of health tried to strengthen its PFM processes by deploying finance managers into service delivery units, involving service delivery managers in the monthly finance meeting, using a weekly committee to review expenditure requests and starting a weekly managers’ ‘touch-base’ meeting. We assess whether these strategies strengthened collaboration and trust and how this impacted on PFM.MethodThis research used a case study design with ethnographic methods. Semi-structured interviews (n=30) were conducted with participant observations. Thematic analysis was used to identify emergent themes and collaborative public management theory was then used to frame the findings. The authors used reflexive methods, and member checking was conducted.ResultsThe deployment of staff and touch-base meeting illustrated the potential of multidisciplinary teams when members share power, and the importance of impartial leadership when trying to achieve consensus on how to prioritise resource use. However, the service delivery and finance managers did not manage to collaborate in the monthly finance meeting to develop realistic budgets, or to reprioritise expenditure when required. The resulting mistrust threatened to derail the other strategies, highlighting how critical trust is for collaboration.ConclusionEffective PFM requires authentic collaboration between service delivery and finance managers; formal processes alone will not achieve this. We recommend more opportunities for ‘boundary crossing’, embedding finance managers in service delivery units and impartial effective leadership.
Influence of dysregulated expression of circular RNA on the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer in Asia: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Wu Xinrui , Zhu Huixia , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveRecent studies have reported a correlation between non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and clinical value of various cancers. However, the diagnostic and prognostic role of circRNA in breast cancer remains controversial.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsDiagnostic efficacy was estimated by sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). Pooled HRs with 95% CIs estimated overall survival (OS), and ORs with 95% CIs investigated clinical features.ResultsBy searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Cochrane Library, we obtained a total of 29 studies with 4405 patients. A shorter survival time was associated with high expression levels of tumour-promoter circRNAs (OS: HR=2.43, 95% CI 2.20 to 2.92, p<0.001), and tumour‐suppressor circRNAs were related to a favourable prognosis (OS: HR=0.32, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44, p<0.001). Furthermore, high expression levels of oncogenic circRNAs were associated with poor clinical outcomes; tumour-suppressor circRNAs showed the opposite result. As for the diagnostic role, the outcome indicated an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.85), with 85% sensitivity and 86% specificity to distinguish patients with breast cancer from healthy controls.ConclusionDysregulated expression of circRNA was related to diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer, which indicated it might be a novel biomarker and a target of therapy for breast cancer.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207912.