bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cachexia index as a potential biomarker for cancer cachexia and a prognostic indicator in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Go Se‐Il , Park Mi Jung , Park Sungwoo , Kang Myoung Hee , Kim Hoon‐Gu , Kang Jung Hun , Kim Jung Hoon , Lee Gyeong‐Won 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is known to adversely affect the clinical course in patients with malignant lymphoma. The cachexia index (CXI) is a potential biomarker of cancer cachexia, and its implications for the prognosis and treatment outcome of lung cancer and aggressive lymphoma has been assessed in previous studies.MethodsA total of 267 patients diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma who were treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP) immunochemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The CXI was calculated as the skeletal muscle index (SMI) × serum albumin/neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Although previous studies measured the SMI using the muscles of the L3 vertebral level, the present study used both the L3 vertebral muscles and the pectoralis muscles (PM) at the T4 vertebral level to measure the SMI. Depending on the type of muscles used, the CXI was termed the L3‐CXI or PM‐CXI. Using sex‐specific cutoff values for CXI, the patients were categorized as follows: (i) high‐CXI group (high L3‐CXI and high PM‐CXI), (ii) intermediate‐CXI group (high L3‐CXI and low PM‐CXI), and (iii) low‐CXI group (low L3‐CXI and low PM‐CXI).ResultsComplete responses to R‐CHOP were obtained in 145/173 (83.8%), 25/36 (69.4%), and 27/57 (47.4%) patients in the high‐CXI, intermediate‐CXI, and low‐CXI groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment‐related anaemia (15.6%, 30.6%, and 26.3%, P = 0.038), thrombocytopenia (21.4%, 36.1%, and 43.9%, P < 0.001), febrile neutropenia (23.7%, 44.4%, and 36.8%, P = 0.022), and any nonhaematologic toxicity (31.2%, 44.4%, and 54.4%, P = 0.001) of Grade 3 or more were more common in the lower CXI groups than in the higher‐CXI groups. Early treatment discontinuation for reasons other than lymphoma progression also occurred more frequently in the low‐CXI group (24/57, 42.1%) compared with the intermediate‐CXI (5/36, 13.9%) and high‐CXI (18/173, 10.4%) groups (P < 0.001). Median overall survival in the high‐CXI, intermediate‐CXI, and low‐CXI groups was not reached, 50.6 months, and 14.5 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that low CXI was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.103, 95% confidence interval 1.278–3.460, P = 0.003).ConclusionsWe suggest that in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, the CXI is a biomarker for cancer cachexia that can predict survival, treatment response, treatment‐related toxicity, and compliance with R‐CHOP. Patients were more clearly stratified by this new CXI category compared with the classifications described in previous studies.
Oceanic heterotrophic flagellates are dominated by a few widespread taxa
Authors: Obiol Aleix , Muhovic Imer , Massana Ramon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarine heterotrophic flagellates (HFs) form a diverse and ecologically relevant functional group of bacterial grazers and nutrient remineralizers in oceanic waters. Despite playing a crucial role in marine biogeochemical cycles, there is still a lack of information on which specific taxa dominate HF assemblages and what are their patterns of distribution in a global context. In the present work, we addressed this issue by analyzing amplicon sequencing data sets retrieved from samples taken in tropical and subtropical oceanic regions at depths from surface to 4000 m. Only a few dozens of widespread taxa, mostly affiliating to MAST clades, Picozoa, Bicosoecida and Chrysophyceae, seemed to dominate surface HF assemblages. The majority of these dominant HFs were present at relatively constant abundances, while others were influenced by temperature or displayed a patchy distribution. In the deep ocean, only a handful of taxa belonging to Bicosoecida and Chrysophyceae, together with Diplonemea and Kinetoplastida, explained most of the HF signal. Co‐occurrence networks between HF and prokaryotic taxa at the surface ocean revealed two main clusters influenced by temperature that did not seem to show specific patterns of interaction. However, some correlations emerged outside these thermal groups that could represent new prey–predator interactions. Overall, we identified the putatively most ecologically relevant HF taxa in the ocean, which become promising targets for further experimental and genomic studies.
Prediction of asymptomatic COVID‐19 infections based on complex network
Authors: Chen Yili , He Haoming , Liu Dakang , Zhang Xie , Wang Jingpei , Yang Yixiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNovel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) epidemic outbreak at the end of 2019 and threaten global public health, social stability, and economic development, which is characterized by highly contagious and asymptomatic infections. At present, governments around the world are taking decisive action to limit the human and economic impact of COVID‐19, but very few interventions have been made to target the transmission of asymptomatic infected individuals. Thus, it is a quite crucial and complex problem to make accurate forecasts of epidemic trends, which many types of research dedicated to deal with it. In this article, we set up a novel COVID‐19 transmission model by introducing traditional SEIR (susceptible‐exposed‐infected‐removed) disease transmission models into complex network and propose an effective prediction algorithm based on the traditional machine learning algorithm TrustRank, which can predict asymptomatic infected individuals in a population contact network. Our simulation results show that our method largely outperforms the graph neural network algorithm for new coronary pneumonia prediction and our method is also robust and gives good results even if the network information is incomplete.
Maximizing Information: A Machine Learning Approach for Analysis of Complex Nanoscale Electromechanical Behavior in Defect‐Rich PZT Films
Authors: Zhang Fengyuan , Williams Kerisha N. , Edwards David , Naden Aaron B. , Yao Yulian , Neumayer Sabine M. , Kumar Amit , Rodriguez Brian J. , Bassiri‐Gharb Nazanin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) based techniques probe material properties over microscale regions with nanoscale resolution, ultimately resulting in investigation of mesoscale functionalities. Among SPM techniques, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a highly effective tool in exploring polarization switching in ferroelectric materials. However, its signal is also sensitive to sample‐dependent electrostatic and chemo‐electromechanical changes. Literature reports have often concentrated on the evaluation of the Off‐field piezoresponse, compared to On‐field piezoresponse, based on the latter's increased sensitivity to non‐ferroelectric contributions. Using machine learning approaches incorporating both Off‐ and On‐field piezoresponse response as well as Off‐field resonance frequency to maximize information, switching piezoresponse in a defect‐rich Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film is investigated. As expected, one major contributor to the piezoresponse is mostly ferroelectric, coupled with electrostatic phenomena during On‐field measurements. A second component is electrostatic in nature, while a third component is likely due to a superposition of multiple non‐ferroelectric processes. The proposed approach will enable deeper understanding of switching phenomena in weakly ferroelectric samples and materials with large chemo‐electromechanical response.
Anesthesia management of known asthmatic patient with complicated gestational trophoblastic disease in resource limited area: Case report
Authors: Girma Timsel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a rare complication of pregnancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium. Molar pregnancy can be divided into complete and partial molar pregnancies based on genetic and histopathological features. The thyroid hyper function in molar pregnancy is attributed to excess of human chorionic gonadotropin, which has a weak intrinsic thyroid stimulating activity. The aim of this case report is to describe anesthesia management of complicated molar pregnancy.

Case presentation:
A 45 years old gravida 2 para 1 mother presented with vaginal bleeding of 02 day duration. She was diagnosed with complete molar pregnancy plus severe anemia and thyrotoxicosis. She was a known asthmatic patient for the last 5 years and she takes salbutamol puff when she had attack. Up on this, emergency hysterectomy was planned. When she arrived to operation theatre she was on propanalol 40 mg daily and PTU 100mg TID. Preoperatively the risk and benefit of doing the surgery without having blood product for transfusion with patient current status and deferring the procedure until blood is found was discussed in detail with gynaecologist and consultant anesthetist in charge. The patient and her family were involved in decision making. By considering all risks we preceded surgery with spinal anesthesia.

Clinical discussion:
Gestational trophoblastic disease include wide spectrum of tumor which are either benign or malignant invasive mole. Even if hyperthyroidism is a rare complication of GTD, when it is present, it can be severe and potentially life-threatening. Clinical hyperthyroidism due to GTD is cured by surgical evacuation of molar tissue. However, the perioperative management of these patients presents multitude of challenges for the anesthetist due to risk of high-output cardiac failure, hypovolemia and thyrotoxicosis.

Conclusion:
Management of women who have coexisting disease presented with complicated molar pregnancy in resource scared area is challenging. Anesthesia management of GTD patient with severe anemia using neurexial block is possible approach to reduce intraoperative blood loss in absence of blood product.

Highlights
Shear Velocity Structure Beneath the Central United States From the Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Phase Velocities
Authors: Geng Y. , Basu U. , Powell C. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA three‐dimensional shear velocity model for the crust and upper mantle beneath the central United States is presented by inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocities from 20 s to 100 s periods. These phase velocities were determined using regional and teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the Northern Embayment Lithospheric Experiment stations, the CERI New Madrid Seismic Network, the Earthscope Transportable Array, and the Ozark Illinois INdiana Kentucky Flexible Array. A low Vs anomaly is imaged in the mantle below the Reelfoot Rift, which is the uppermost portion of connected low‐velocity zones dipping toward the southwest below the rift and to the northwest below the Illinois Basin. According to the analysis in previous tomographic studies using both Vp and Vs anomalies, the elevation of temperature and the enrichment of iron, water, and orthopyroxene contents are required factors to explain the reduced seismic velocities. These low‐velocity zones are produced by silica‐rich fluids rising from the stalled Farallon slab. Two areas with low shear strength characterized by low Vs are imaged below the Ste. Genevieve and the Wabash Valley seismic zones. The low‐velocity, weak areas may be responsible for stress concentration and thus the generation of intraplate seismicity.
Multi‐GNSS Airborne Radio Occultation Observations as a Complement to Dropsondes in Atmospheric River Reconnaissance
Authors: Haase J. S. , Murphy M. J. , Cao B. , Ralph F. M. , Zheng M. , Delle Monache L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVariations in the water vapor that atmospheric rivers (ARs) carry toward North America within Pacific storms strongly modulates the spatiotemporal distribution of west‐coast precipitation. The “AR Recon” program was established to improve forecasts of landfalling Pacific‐coast ARs and their associated precipitation. Dropsondes are deployed from weather reconnaissance aircraft and pressure sensors have been added to drifting ocean buoys to fill a major gap in standard weather observations, while research is being conducted on the potential for airborne Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (ARO) to also contribute to forecast improvement. ARO further expands the spatial coverage of the data collected during AR Recon flights. This study provides the first description of these data, which provide water vapor and temperature information typically as far as 300 km to the side of the aircraft. The first refractivity profiles from European Galileo satellites are provided and their accuracy is evaluated using the dropsondes. It is shown that spatial variations in the refractivity anomaly (difference from the climatological background) are modulated by AR features, including the low‐level jet and tropopause fold, illustrating the potential for RO measurements to represent key AR characteristics. It is demonstrated that assimilation of ARO refractivity profiles can influence the moisture used as initial conditions in a high‐resolution model. While the dropsonde measurements provide precise, in situ wind, temperature and water vapor vertical profiles beneath the aircraft, and the buoys provide surface pressure, ARO provides complementary thermodynamic information aloft in broad areas not otherwise sampled at no additional expendable cost.
Vertical Structure of Tropical Deep Convective Systems at Different Life Stages From CloudSat Observations
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Ge Jinming , Li Wenxue , Du Jiajing , Li Qinghao , Mu Qingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCloudSat observations are used to characterize the morphologies and internal vertical structures of tropical deep convective systems (DCSs) at different life stages, that is, developing, mature, and dissipating stages according to the buoyancy at the cloud top. The DCSs are further partitioned into convective pillar, major anvil, and minor anvil and then discussed separately. The DCS exhibits an apparent mushroom‐like structure in the developing stage, with a horizontally narrow convective pillar and widespread anvil cloud. The convective pillar widens in the mature stage, while the anvil length remains quite similar. In the dissipating stage, the convective pillar shrinks vertically and horizontally, and the anvil length is shorter than that in the other two stages. The life stage has a larger impact on the vertical structure of the ice number concentration () and ice water content (IWC) than on the ice effective radius (). The high area at the top of the convective pillar expands vertically and horizontally as the DCS evolves, indicating that newly formed ice particles are likely to accumulate in the convective pillar and consequently increase the IWC in this section rather than being transmitted to anvil clouds. Both ice and liquid precipitation occur in a narrow region within the pillar during the developing stage, then widen at the mature stage and shrink at the dissipating stage. Our results provide detailed morphologies and internal structures of DCS evolution and would be helpful to improve DCS representation in numerical models.
Tractography of the arcuate fasciculus in healthy right-handed and left-handed multilingual subjects and its relation to language lateralization on functional MRI
Authors: Yazbek Sandrine , Hage Stephanie , Mallak Iyad , Smayra Tarek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) enables evaluation of language cortical organization and plays a central role in surgical planning. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) or Tractography, allows evaluation of the white matter fibers involved in language. Unlike fMRI, DTI does not rely on the patient’s cooperation. In monolinguals, there is a significant correlation between the lateralization of language on fMRI and on DTI. Our objective is to delineate the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in right- and left-handed trilinguals and determine if the AF laterality on DTI is correlated to language lateralization on fMRI. 15 right and 15 left-handed trilingual volunteers underwent fMRI and DTI. Laterality Index was determined on fMRI (fMRI-LI). Mean Diffusivity, Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Number of Fibers, Fiber Length, Fiber Volume and Laterality Index (DTI-LI) of the AF were calculated on DTI. 28 of the 30 subjects presented a bilateral AF. Most subjects (52%) were found to have a bilateral language lateralization of the AF on DTI. Only 4 subjects had bilateral lateralization of language on fMRI. The right AF demonstrated lower diffusivity than the left AF in the total participants, the right-handed, and the left-handed subjects. FA, Volume and Length of the AF were not significantly different between the two hemispheres. No correlation was found between the DTI-LI of the AF and the fMRI-LI. A prominent role of the right AF and a bilateral structural organization of the AF was present in our multilingual population regardless of their handedness. While in prior studies DTI was able to determine language lateralization in monolingual subjects, this was not possible in trilingual highly educated subjects.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a propagation-defective RNA replicon elicited sterilizing immunity in mice
Authors: Gutiérrez-Álvarez J. , Honrubia J. M. , Sanz-Bravo A. , González-Miranda E. , Fernández-Delgado R. , Rejas M. T. , Zúñiga S. , Sola I. , Enjuanes L. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have the largest genome among RNA viruses and a proofreading exoribonuclease (nsp14) responsible for high-fidelity RNA synthesis. These properties make CoVs very attractive for the establishment of vaccine platforms or viral vectors since they can stably store large amounts of information without genome integration. Using Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a model, a propagation-deficient RNA replicon was generated by removing the envelope (E) gene (essential for viral morphogenesis and involved in virulence) and accessory genes 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 (responsible for antagonism of the innate immune response): MERS-CoV-Δ[3,4a,4b,5,E]. This replicon is strongly attenuated and elicits sterilizing protection after a single immunization, making it a promising vaccine candidate and an interesting platform for vector-based vaccine development.
IPM for tropical crops: lentil
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Muniappan Rangaswamy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Lentil is an old-world legume and grown in more than 70 countries. It is a major source of protein in plant-based diets and is often used to fix nitrogen in the soil as a rotational crop, especially with cereal crops. Canada, USA, and Australia are the major exporters of lentil. Around the globe, this crop faces various biotic and abiotic stresses. More than 35 insect pests and the same number of diseases are reported to infest lentil in different parts of the world. While the status of insect pests and diseases varies in different geographical regions, some of them are aphids, armyworm, cutworm, pod borer, Stemphylium blight, fusarium wilt, Alternaria blight, and rust. Cultural management strategies for abiotic and biotic stresses include crop rotation, the timing of seeding, appropriate seed rates, and weed management. Biological control agents are also known for several insect pests. Environmental-friendly options such as biopesticides and microbials (entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi and nematodes, neem products, and
Trichoderma
sp.) can be used as seed treatment and foliar application. Various tolerant and resistant lentil varieties are available around the globe. In the present article, we provide an IPM package for the management of major biotic stresses for lentil crop.
Overgroups of subsystem subgroups in exceptional groups: A 2𝐴₁-proof
Authors: Gvozdevsky P. 
Published: October 2021

In the present paper, a weak form of sandwich classification for the overgroups of the subsystem subgroup

E
(
Δ
,
R
)

E(\Delta ,R)

of the Chevalley group

G
(
Φ
,
R
)

G(\Phi ,R)

is proved in the case where

Φ
\Phi

is a simply laced root system and

Δ
\Delta

is its sufficiently large subsystem. Namely, it is shown that, for such an overgroup

H
H

, there exists a unique net of ideals

σ
\sigma

of the ring

R
R

such that

E
(
Φ
,
Δ
,
R
,
σ
)
≤
H
≤

Stab

G
(
Φ
,
R
)

⁡
(
L
(
σ
)
)

E(\Phi ,\Delta ,R,\sigma )\le H\le \operatorname {Stab}_{G(\Phi ,R)}(L(\sigma ))

, where

E
(
Φ
,
Δ
,
R
,
σ
)

E(\Phi ,\Delta ,R,\sigma )

is an elementary subgroup associated with the net and

L
(
σ
)

L(\sigma )

is the corresponding subalgebra of the Chevalley Lie algebra.
Performance analysis of multiple gain boost converter with hybrid maximum power point tracker for solar PV connected to grid
Authors: Kiran Kumar B M , Indira M S , Nagaraja Rao S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter (MGBC) connected to a solar photovoltaic (SPV) system with a grid-tied inverter. The capacitor inductor capacitor (CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required level. The voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter (BC) are based on the number of CLC cells. The suggested MGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count. A hybrid fuzzy logic–perturb & observe maximum power point tracker (HFL–P&O MPPT) developed is used to monitor Pmax (maximum power) generated by the SPV. Also, a comparative analysis of the suggested MPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based (FLB) MPPT for a CLC-based MGBC is presented. The comparison is made in terms of rise time, voltage ripples (%), steady-state time and boost factor. The output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. The MPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at MPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional MPPT and FLB MPPT. The proposed CLC-MGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of 4. The generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop system. The total harmonic distortion of 1.66% obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.
Internal herniation of the cecum through the foramen of Winslow—a case report
Authors: Luciano Emmanuel , Hyde Russell , Solh Wael , Davis Ryan T , Pacheco Felipe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Foramen of Winslow hernias are a rare, but dangerous form of internal hernia that can present in individuals with signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction. This case report details operative management of a cecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow in an elderly male with no prior history of intra-abdominal surgery. The patient presented with worsening abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and obstipation. Due to the clinical picture of a complete bowel obstruction and subsequent imaging findings, an urgent abdominal exploration was performed. During the procedure, the cecum was found to be ischemic and strangulated in the lesser sac, herniated through the foramen of Winslow. Following operative reduction and right hemicolectomy, it was decided to close the foramen of Winslow to prevent recurrence and future complications. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course with resolution of symptoms.