bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the critical incident technique to determine veterinary professional competencies important for enhancing the veterinarian‐client interaction
Authors: Gordon Stuart J. G. , Gardner Dianne H. , Weston Jenny F. , Bolwell Charlotte , Benschop Jackie , Parkinson Tim J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous research has examined components of professionalism that veterinary employers and clients expect in veterinarians, little attention has been paid to practising clinical veterinarians’ opinions on important professional competencies that help to enhance the veterinarian‐client relationship. This study used a phenomenological approach and critical incident technique to gather the narratives of practising veterinarians in New Zealand about positive and negative veterinarian‐client interactions. The intention was to identify the underlying principles of professionalism that resulted in the positive/negative outcomes of those interactions.MethodsTwenty‐two practising veterinarians were interviewed, and each respondent was asked to recollect and narrate a significant positive and a significant negative critical incident in their career that involved a veterinarian‐client interaction within a clinical setting. The professional competencies that the veterinarian believed contributed to a successful or an unsuccessful outcome were elucidated using thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis of the critical incident narratives revealed four major themes under the overarching theme of ‘building a relationship between the veterinarian and the client’: ‘accountability and integrity’, ‘effective communication skills’, ‘personal wellbeing’ and ‘quality of care’.ConclusionThe description of the important professional competencies that helped to enhance the veterinarian‐client relationship provides a reference for the practising profession to help improve the likelihood of veterinarians enjoying satisfied and successful careers.
Absence of MMF1 disrupts heme biosynthesis by targeting Hem1pin Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Whitaker Gregory H. , Ernst Dustin C. , Downs Diana M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe RidA subfamily of the Rid (YjgF/YER057c/UK114) superfamily of proteins is broadly distributed and found in all domains of life. RidA proteins are enamine/imine deaminases. In the organisms that have been investigated, lack of RidA results in accumulation of the reactive enamine species 2‐aminoacrylate (2AA) and/or its derivative imine 2‐iminopropanoate (2IP). The accumulated enamine/imine species can damage specific pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)‐dependent target enzymes. The metabolic imbalance resulting from the damaged enzymes is organism specific and based on metabolic network configuration. Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two RidA homologs, one localized to the cytosol and one to the mitochondria. The mitochondrial RidA homolog, Mmf1p, prevents enamine/imine stress and is important for normal growth and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Here, we show that Mmf1p is necessary for optimal heme biosynthesis. Biochemical and/or genetic data herein support a model in which accumulation of 2AA and or 2IP, in the absence of Mmf1p, inactivates Hem1p, a mitochondrially located PLP‐dependent enzyme required for heme biosynthesis.
An analogue of a theorem of Steinitz for ball polyhedra in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$
Authors: Almohammad Sami Mezal , Lángi Zsolt , Naszódi Márton 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSteinitz’s theorem states that a graph G is the edge-graph of a 3-dimensional convex polyhedron if and only if, G is simple, plane and 3-connected. We prove an analogue of this theorem for ball polyhedra, that is, for intersections of finitely many unit balls in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

.
IAPP-induced beta cell stress recapitulates the islet transcriptome in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Blencowe Montgomery , Furterer Allison , Wang Qing , Gao Fuying , Rosenberger Madeline , Pei Lina , Nomoto Hiroshi , Mawla Alex M. , Huising Mark O. , Coppola Giovanni , Yang Xia , Butler Peter C. , Gurlo Tatyana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by islet amyloid and toxic oligomers of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). We posed the questions, (1) does IAPP toxicity induce an islet response comparable to that in humans with type 2 diabetes, and if so, (2) what are the key transcriptional drivers of this response?

Methods
The islet transcriptome was evaluated in five groups of mice: beta cell specific transgenic for (1) human IAPP, (2) rodent IAPP, (3) human calpastatin, (4) human calpastatin and human IAPP, and (5) wild-type mice. RNA sequencing data was analysed by differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis to establish the islet response to adaptation to an increased beta cell workload of soluble rodent IAPP, the islet response to increased expression of oligomeric human IAPP, and the extent to which the latter was rescued by suppression of calpain hyperactivation by calpastatin. Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analysis was used to compare the transcriptome of islets from human or rodent IAPP transgenic mice vs humans with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Results
The islet transcriptomes in humans with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are remarkably similar. Beta cell overexpression of soluble rodent or oligomer-prone human IAPP induced changes in islet transcriptome present in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, including decreased expression of genes that confer beta cell identity. Increased expression of human IAPP, but not rodent IAPP, induced islet inflammation present in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in humans. Key mediators of the injury responses in islets transgenic for human IAPP or those from individuals with type 2 diabetes include STAT3, NF-κB, ESR1 and CTNNB1 by transcription factor analysis and COL3A1, NID1 and ZNF800 by gene regulatory network analysis.

Conclusions/interpretation
Beta cell injury mediated by IAPP is a plausible mechanism to contribute to islet inflammation and dedifferentiation in type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of IAPP toxicity is a potential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
The codification of hazard and its impact on the hazard versus risk controversy
Authors: Doe John E. , Boobis Alan R. , Cohen Samuel M. , Dellarco Vicki L. , Fenner-Crisp Penelope A. , Moretto Angelo , Pastoor Timothy P. , Schoeny Rita S. , Seed Jennifer G. , Wolf Douglas C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe long running controversy about the relative merits of hazard-based versus risk-based approaches has been investigated. There are three levels of hazard codification: level 1 divides chemicals into dichotomous bands of hazardous and non-hazardous; level 2 divides chemicals into bands of hazard based on severity and/or potency; and level 3 places each chemical on a continuum of hazard based on severity and/or potency. Any system which imposes compartments onto a continuum will give rise to issues at the boundaries, especially with only two compartments. Level 1 schemes are only justifiable if there is no variation in severity, or potency or if there is no threshold. This is the assumption implicit in GHS/EU classification for carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and mutagenicity. However, this assumption has been challenged. Codification level 2 hazard assessments offer a range of choices and reduce the built-in conflict inherent in the level 1 process. Level 3 assessments allow a full range of choices between the extremes and reduce the built-in conflict even more. The underlying reason for the controversy between hazard and risk is the use of level 1 hazard codification schemes in situations where there are ranges of severity and potency which require the use of level 2 or level 3 hazard codification. There is not a major difference between level 2 and level 3 codification, and they can both be used to select appropriate risk management options. Existing level 1 codification schemes should be reviewed and developed into level 2 schemes where appropriate.
Every infinitely edge-connected graph contains the Farey graph or $${T_{\aleph _0}*t}$$ as a minor
Authors: Kurkofka Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that every infinitely edge-connected graph contains the Farey graph or $$T_{\aleph _0}*t$$

T

ℵ
0

∗
t

as a minor. These two graphs are unique with this property up to minor-equivalence.
Effects of perinatal fluoxetine exposure on novelty-induced social and non-social investigation behaviors in a seminatural environment
Authors: Sylte Ole Christian , Johansen Jesper Solheim , Heinla Indrek , Houwing Danielle J. , Olivier Jocelien D. A. , Heijkoop Roy , Snoeren Eelke M. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly prescribed as medication for various affective disorders during pregnancy. SSRIs cross the placenta and affect serotonergic neurotransmission in the fetus, but the neurobehavioral consequences for the offspring remain largely unclear. Recent rodent research has linked perinatal SSRI exposure to alterations in both social and non-social aspects of behavior. However, this research has mainly focused on behavior within simplified environments. The current study investigates the effects of perinatal SSRI exposure on social and non-social investigation behaviors of adult rat offspring upon introduction to a novel seminatural environment with unknown conspecifics. During the perinatal period (gestational day 1 until postnatal day 21), rat dams received daily treatment with either an SSRI (fluoxetine, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Adult male and female offspring were observed within the first hour after introduction to a seminatural environment. The results showed that perinatal fluoxetine exposure altered aspects of non-social investigation behaviors, while not altering social investigation behaviors. More specifically, both fluoxetine-exposed males and females spent more total time on locomotor activity than controls. Furthermore, fluoxetine-exposed females spent less time exploring objects and specific elements in the environment. The data suggest that perinatal exposure to SSRIs leads to a quicker, less detailed investigation strategy in novel environments and that the alteration is mostly pronounced in females.
PET/CT imaging of head-and-neck and pancreatic cancer in humans by targeting the “Cancer Integrin” αvβ6 with Ga-68-Trivehexin
Authors: Quigley Neil Gerard , Steiger Katja , Hoberück Sebastian , Czech Norbert , Zierke Maximilian Alexander , Kossatz Susanne , Pretze Marc , Richter Frauke , Weichert Wilko , Pox Christian , Kotzerke Jörg , Notni Johannes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a new probe for the αvβ6-integrin and assess its potential for PET imaging of carcinomas.

Methods
Ga-68-Trivehexin was synthesized by trimerization of the optimized αvβ6-integrin selective cyclic nonapeptide Tyr2 (sequence: c[YRGDLAYp(NMe)K]) on the TRAP chelator core, followed by automated labeling with Ga-68. The tracer was characterized by ELISA for activities towards integrin subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, αvβ3, and α5β1, as well as by cell binding assays on H2009 (αvβ6-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (αvβ6-negative) cells. SCID-mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of the same cell lines were used for dynamic (90 min) and static (75 min p.i.) µPET imaging, as well as for biodistribution (90 min p.i.). Structure–activity-relationships were established by comparison with the predecessor compound Ga-68-TRAP(AvB6)3. Ga-68-Trivehexin was tested for in-human PET/CT imaging of HNSCC, parotideal adenocarcinoma, and metastatic PDAC.

Results
Ga-68-Trivehexin showed a high αvβ6-integrin affinity (IC50 = 0.047 nM), selectivity over other subtypes (IC50-based factors: αvβ8, 131; αvβ3, 57; α5β1, 468), blockable uptake in H2009 cells, and negligible uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biodistribution and preclinical PET imaging confirmed a high target-specific uptake in tumor and a low non-specific uptake in other organs and tissues except the excretory organs (kidneys and urinary bladder). Preclinical PET corresponded well to in-human results, showing high and persistent uptake in metastatic PDAC and HNSCC (SUVmax = 10–13) as well as in kidneys/urine. Ga-68-Trivehexin enabled PET/CT imaging of small PDAC metastases and showed high uptake in HNSCC but not in tumor-associated inflammation.

Conclusions
Ga-68-Trivehexin is a valuable probe for imaging of αvβ6-integrin expression in human cancers.
Surgical Services for Breast Cancer Patients in Australia, is There a Gap for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Women?
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women. When compared to other Australians, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women have a higher breast cancer mortality rate. This systematic literature review examined disparities in breast cancer surgical access and outcomes for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women.MethodsThis systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines, compared measures of breast cancer surgical care for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians.ResultsThe 13 included studies were largely state‐based retrospective reviews of data collected prior to the year 2012. Eight studies reported more advanced breast cancer presentation among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women. Despite the increased distance to a multidisciplinary, specialist team, there were no disparities in seeing a surgeon, or in the time from diagnosis to surgical treatment. Two studies reported disparities in the receipt of surgery and two reported no variations. Three studies reported disparities in the receipt of mastectomy versus breast conserving surgery, whilst four studies reported no variations. No studies examined postoperative surgical outcomes.ConclusionsAboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women present with more advanced breast cancer. There may be disparities in the receipt of surgery and the type of surgery. However, the metrics tested were not related to optimal care guidelines, and the databases utilised contain limited data on individual factors contributing to surgical care decisions. It is therefore difficult to determine whether the reported differences in the receipt of surgical care reflect disparate or appropriate care.
Large-scale gene gains and losses molded the NLR defense arsenal during the Cucurbita evolution
Authors: Andolfo Giuseppe , Sánchez Cristina S. , Cañizares Joaquìn , Pico Maria B. , Ercolano Maria R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Genome-wide annotation reveals that the gene birth–death process of the Cucurbita R family is associated with a species-specific diversification of TNL and CNL protein classes.

Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family includes nearly 1000 plant species known universally as cucurbits. Cucurbita genus includes many economically important worldwide crops vulnerable to more than 200 pathogens. Therefore, the identification of pathogen-recognition genes is of utmost importance for this genus. The major class of plant-resistance (R) genes encodes nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, and is divided into three sub-classes namely, TIR-NB-LRR (TNL), CC-NB-LRR (CNL) and RPW8-NB-LRR (RNL). Although the characterization of the NLR gene family has been carried out in important Cucurbita species, this information is still linked to the availability of sequenced genomes. In this study, we analyzed 40 de novo transcriptomes and 5 genome assemblies, which were explored to investigate the Cucurbita expressed-NLR (eNLR) and NLR repertoires using an ad hoc gene annotation approach. Over 1850 NLR-encoding genes were identified, finely characterized and compared to 96 well-characterized plant R-genes. The maximum likelihood analyses revealed an unusual diversification of CNL/TNL genes and a strong RNL conservation. Indeed, several gene gain and loss events have shaped the Cucurbita NLR family. Finally, to provide a first validation step Cucurbita, eNLRs were explored by real-time PCR analysis. The NLR repertories of the 12 Cucurbita species presented in this paper will be useful to discover novel R-genes.
CN-waterfall: a deep convolutional neural network for multimodal physiological affect detection
Authors: Fouladgar Nazanin , Alirezaie Marjan , Främling Kary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAffective computing solutions, in the literature, mainly rely on machine learning methods designed to accurately detect human affective states. Nevertheless, many of the proposed methods are based on handcrafted features, requiring sufficient expert knowledge in the realm of signal processing. With the advent of deep learning methods, attention has turned toward reduced feature engineering and more end-to-end machine learning. However, most of the proposed models rely on late fusion in a multimodal context. Meanwhile, addressing interrelations between modalities for intermediate-level data representation has been largely neglected. In this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network, called CN-Waterfall, consisting of two modules: Base and General. While the Base module focuses on the low-level representation of data from each single modality, the General module provides further information, indicating relations between modalities in the intermediate- and high-level data representations. The latter module has been designed based on theoretically grounded concepts in the Explainable AI (XAI) domain, consisting of four different fusions. These fusions are mainly tailored to correlation- and non-correlation-based modalities. To validate our model, we conduct an exhaustive experiment on WESAD and MAHNOB-HCI, two publicly and academically available datasets in the context of multimodal affective computing. We demonstrate that our proposed model significantly improves the performance of physiological-based multimodal affect detection.
The pathophysiology of glucose intolerance in newly diagnosed, untreated T2DM
Authors: Dunseath Gareth J. , Luzio Stephen D. , Peter Rajesh , Owens David R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims
The two predominant pathophysiological defects resulting in glucose intolerance are beta-cell dysfunction and insulin insensitivity. This study aimed to re-examine beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity across a continuum from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to early type 2 diabetes (T2DM) employing highly specific insulin, C-peptide and intact proinsulin assays.

Materials and methods
A total of 104 persons with NGT, 85 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 554 with newly diagnosed T2DM were investigated. Following an overnight fast, all underwent a 4-h standardised mixed meal tolerance test (MTT), and on a second day, a sub-group underwent a frequently sampled insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) over a 3-h period. The participants were stratified according to fasting glucose and BMI for analysis.

Results
The MTT revealed that increasing FPG was accompanied by progressively elevated and delayed postprandial glucose peaks. In parallel, following an initial compensatory increase in fasting and postprandial insulin responses there followed a progressive demise in overall beta-cell secretory capacity. FSIVGTT demonstrated a major reduction in the early insulin response to IV glucose in persons with IGT accompanied by a dramatic fall in insulin sensitivity. Beyond pre-diabetes, ever-increasing fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia resulted predominantly from a progressively decreasing beta-cell secretory function.

Conclusion
This study utilising improved assay technology re-affirms that beta-cell dysfunction is evident throughout the spectrum of glucose intolerance, whereas the predominant fall in insulin sensitivity occurs early in its evolution.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of dry and wet periods in Central Poland in 1954–2018
Authors: Araźny Andrzej , Bartczak Arkadiusz , Maszewski Rafał , Krzemiński Michał 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents the influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of dry and wet periods in the central Polish region of Kujawy. The material on which the authors relied encompassed monthly totals of precipitation obtained from 10 weather stations in the period 1954–2018. Both dry and wet periods have been identified on the basis of monthly values of the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI). Additionally, the calendar of circulation types over Central Poland was used to determine the atmospheric circulation indices: western (W), southern (S) and cyclonicity (C). The analyses have indicated that the region concerned experiences low precipitation totals in comparison with the rest of Poland. According to the circulation indices W, S and C, for Central Poland, the air mass advection from the West prevails over that from the East. Moreover, a slightly more frequent inflow of air from the South than from the North has been observed. The frequency of anticyclonic situations is higher than that of the cyclonic types in this part of Europe. Drought spells occurred in the study area at a clear dominance of anticyclonic circulation, with the inflow of air mostly from the North and with increased westerly circulation. On the other hand, the occurrence of wet periods was mainly influenced by cyclonic circulation during the advection of the masses from the South and West. Dry and wet periods accounted for 28% and 27% of the study period, respectively.
Exercise Addiction in the Sports Context: What Is Known and What Is Yet to Be Known
Authors: Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , Navarrón Estefanía , López-Mora Clara , González-Hernández Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. EA is further associated with an alteration of the individual’s personal, social, and professional functioning and a higher risk for several pathologies, including physical injury, psychological distress, and eating disorders. The present work presents a narrative scoping review of the state of the art and the main findings of the research on EA, with a focus in the athletic population. The prevalence of EA risk, between 1 and 52% and up to 80% when co-occurring with eating disturbances, is also reviewed. Additionally, some of the explanatory models proposed to date and their power and limitations in terms of their capacity for a consensual operationalization and characterization of EA, and thus for the optimal exploration and management of this condition, are discussed. Finally, some deficiencies in the research on EA are noted which are to be addressed to successfully respond to the intervention and prevention needs that occur both in the general context of exercise-sports practice and the specific context of competitive athletes.