bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national mortality trends of female breast cancer by risk factor, 1990–2017
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Wenjie , Jin Zhi , Zhuo Rui , Dong Jie , Lao Qiufeng , Li Shengle , Pang Weiyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Female breast cancer (FBC) is a malignancy involving multiple risk factors and has imposed heavy disease burden on women. We aim to analyze the secular trends of mortality rate of FBC according to its major risk factors.

Methods
Death data of FBC at the global, regional, and national levels were retrieved from the online database of Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Deaths of FBC attributable to alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low physical activity, and tobacco were collected. Estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the temporal trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of FBC in 1990–2017.

Results
Worldwide, the number of deaths from FBC increased from 344.9 thousand in 1990 to 600.7 thousand in 2017. The ASMR of FBC decreased by 0.59% (95% CI, 0.52, 0.66%) per year during the study period. This decrease was largely driven by the reduction in alcohol use- and tobacco-related FBC, of which the ASMR was decreased by 1.73 and 1.77% per year, respectively. In contrast, the ASMR of FBC attributable to high BMI and high FPG was increased by 1.26% (95% CI, 1.22, 1.30%) and 0.26% (95% CI, 0.23, 0.30%) per year between 1990 and 2017, respectively.

Conclusions
The mortality rate of FBC experienced a reduction over the last three decades, which was partly owing to the effective control for alcohol and tobacco use. However, more potent and tailored prevention strategies for obesity and diabetes are urgently warranted.
Identification of NTRK3 as a potential prognostic biomarker associated with tumor mutation burden and immune infiltration in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Yu Yongbo , Zhang Pengfei , Ma Guofeng , Zhang Mingxin , Liang Ye , Jiao Wei , Niu Haitao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, immunotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment of BLCA. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been reported to be a powerful biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between TMB, prognosis and immune infiltration to identify the key genes in BLCA.MethodsClinical information, somatic mutation and gene expression data of BLCA patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients were divided into high and low TMB groups according to their calculated TMB scores. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen for significantly enriched pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified. Univariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied for screening key genes. Immune infiltration was performed for TMB groups and NTRK3.ResultsHigher TMB scores were related with poor survival in BLCA. After filtering, 36 DEGs were identified. NTRK3 had the highest hazard ratio and significant prognostic value. Co-expressed genes of NTRK3 were mainly involved in several pathways, including DNA replication, basal transcription factors, complement and coagulation cascades, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. There was a significant correlation among TMB scores, NTRK3 expression and immune infiltration.ConclusionsOur results suggest that NTRK3 is a TMB-related prognostic biomarker, which lays the foundation for further research on the immunomodulatory effect of NTRK3 in BLCA.
Effectiveness of interventions on early neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aita Marilyn , De Clifford Faugère Gwenaëlle , Lavallée Andréane , Feeley Nancy , Stremler Robyn , Rioux Émilie , Proulx Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
As preterm infants’ neurodevelopment is shaped by NICU-related factors during their hospitalization, it is essential to evaluate which interventions are more beneficial for their neurodevelopment at this specific time. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions initiated during NICU hospitalization on preterm infants’ early neurodevelopment during their hospitalization and up to two weeks corrected age (CA).

Methods
This systematic review referred to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017047072). We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, and Web of Science from 2002 to February 2020 and included randomized controlled/clinical trials conducted with preterm infants born between 24 and 366/7 weeks of gestation. All types of interventions instigated during NICU hospitalization were included. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, assessment of risks of bias and quality of evidence.

Results
Findings of 12 studies involving 901 preterm infants were synthesized. We combined three studies in a meta-analysis showing that compared to standard care, the NIDCAP intervention is effective in improving preterm infants’ neurobehavioral and neurological development at two weeks CA. We also combined two other studies in a meta-analysis indicating that parental participation did not significantly improve preterm infants’ neurobehavioral development during NICU hospitalization. For all other interventions (i.e., developmental care, sensory stimulation, music and physical therapy), the synthesis of results shows that compared to standard care or other types of comparators, the effectiveness was either controversial or partially effective.

Conclusions
The overall quality of evidence was rated low to very low. Future studies are needed to identify interventions that are the most effective in promoting preterm infants’ early neurodevelopment during NICU hospitalization or close to term age. Interventions should be appropriately designed to allow comparison with previous studies and a combination of different instruments could provide a more global assessment of preterm infants’ neurodevelopment and thus allow for comparisons across studies.

Trial registration
Prospero CRD42017047072.
Executive functions and insight in OCD: a comparative study
Authors: Manarte Lucas , Andrade António R. , do Rosário Linete , Sampaio Daniel , Figueira Maria Luísa , Morgado Pedro , Sahakian Barbara J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Around 25 to 30% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to treatment. These patients have the longest duration of disease and the worst prognosis. Following years of research on this topic, insight has emerged as a potential explanation for this therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it has become important to characterize OCD patients with poor insight. Few studies have focused on the neuropsychological and cognitive characteristics of these patients.

Methods
To help fill this gap, we divided 57 patients into two groups, one with good insight and the other with poor insight, assessed their neuropsychological functions—through a Rey’s figure test, a California verbal learning test, a Toulouse–Piéron test and a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)—and compared the results with those of a paired control group.

Results
The statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%, revealed differences in the executive function tests, and particularly in the WCST (p ≤ 0.001) and trail-making-test (TMT A/B) (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
These differences suggest that the neuropsychological profile of poor-insight patients is different from their good-insight counterparts, emphasize the role played by the executive functions in insight and highlights the need for more accurate neurocognitive research and treatment.
Factors associated with experiencing sexual violence among female gender-based violence survivors in conflict-afflicted eastern Ukraine
Authors: Capasso Ariadna , Skipalska Halyna , Guttmacher Sally , Tikhonovsky Natalie G. , Navario Peter , Castillo Theresa P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Since 2014, over 1.6 million people have been forcibly displaced by the conflict in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, 8% of reproductive-aged women in Ukraine had ever experienced sexual violence, compared to 5% in 2007. This increase was driven by non-domestic sexual violence. Our study examined characteristics of women in eastern Ukraine receiving psychosocial services following sexual violence compared to survivors of other forms of gender-based violence.

Methods
Intake data collected between February 2016 and June 2017 by psychosocial service providers in five conflict-affected areas of Ukraine from women, aged 15–49, (N = 8525), was analyzed. Descriptive analysis and covariate adjusted logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify socioeconomic, incident and access to services factors associated with having experienced sexual violence compared to other forms of violence.

Results
Among this sample of survivors receiving psychosocial services, 2.6% (n = 220) reported experiencing sexual violence. A majority of sexual violence acts reported were committed by non-domestic perpetrators (61.4%); followed by intimate partners (25.9%). Almost half of sexual violence cases occurred at home (49.1%). Experiencing sexual violence was positively associated with being younger, single and internally displaced, and negatively with engaging in unpaid labor, such as childcare. Women who experienced sexual violence delayed seeking care by 4 days compared to other gender-based violence survivors. Sexual violence survivors were less likely than physical violence survivors to have reported the incident prior to receiving care (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.54).

Conclusions
Non-domestic and intimate partner sexual violence were both prevalent in our sample. Compared to survivors disclosing other types of gender-based violence, sexual violence survivors appear to face unique barriers to reporting and accessing timely care. Prevention and outreach programs tailored to the specific vulnerabilities, such as displacement status, and needs of sexual violence survivors in conflict settings are urgently needed.
Lowered cognitive function and the risk of the first events of cardiovascular diseases: findings from a cohort study in Lithuania
Authors: Luksiene Dalia , Sapranaviciute-Zabazlajeva Laura , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Radisauskas Ricardas , Bobak Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether the level of cognitive function at the baseline expressed as a cognitive function composite score and score of specific domains predict the risk of first cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in middle-aged and older populations.

Methods
Seven thousand eighty-seven participants, men and women aged 45–72 years, were assessed in the baseline survey of the Health Alcohol Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study in 2006–2008 in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. During 10 years of follow-up, the risk of first non-fatal events of CVD and death from CVD (excluding those participants with a documented history of CVD and/or ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosed at the baseline survey) was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to examine how cognitive function predicts the first events of CVD.

Results
During the follow-up, there were 156 deaths from CVD (49 women and 107 men) and 464 first non-fatal CVD events (195 women and 269 men) registered. The total number of first CVD events was 620 (11.5%). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, biological and lifestyle risk factors and illnesses, a decrease per 1 standard deviation in different cognitive function scores significantly increased the risk of a first event of CVD (immediate verbal recall score - by 17% in men and 32% in women; delayed verbal recall score – by 17% in men and 24% in women; and a composite score of cognitive function – by 15% in men and 29% in women). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the probability of a first cardiovascular event according to the categories of a composite score of cognitive function, revealed that a lowered cognitive function predicts a higher probability of the events compared to normal cognitive function (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings of this follow-up study suggest that men and women with lower cognitive functions have an increased risk for a first event of CVD compared to participants with a higher level of cognitive functions.
The Chinese version of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons standardized shoulder assessment form questionnaire, patient self-report section: a cross-cultural adaptation and validation study
Authors: Tie Tung-Hee Albert , Hong Chih-Kai , Chua Illich , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Su Wei-Ren , Hsu Kai-Lan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The patient self-report section of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASESp) is one of the most validated and reliable assessment tools. This study aimed to establish a validated Chinese version of ASESp (ASESp-CH).

Methods
A clinical prospective study was performed (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04755049; registered on 2021/02/11). Following the guidelines of forward-backward translation and cross-cultural adaptation, a Chinese version of ASESp was established. Patients older than 18 years with shoulder disorders were included. Patients who could not complete test-retest questionnaires within the interval of 7–30 days and patients who received interventions were excluded. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was calculated for test- retest reliability, whereas internal consistency was determined by Cronbach value. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing the corresponding domains between the ASESp-CH and a validated Chinese version of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results
A total of 86 patients were included with a mean test-retest interval of 12 ± 5.4 days. Test-retest reliability was excellent with an ICC of 0.94. Good internal consistency was found, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86. Construct validity of the ASESp-CH questionnaire was good. The major domains of the ASESp-CH were significantly correlated with the respective domains in the SF-36 (p <  0.01), except for the domain of stability of ASESp-CH.

Conclusions
The Chinese version of ASESp questionnaire is a highly validated and reliable tool for shoulder disorder assessment.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty for failed treatment of subtrochanteric fracture
Authors: Jin Sheng-Yu , Jin Jing-Yao , Kim Min-Gwang , Kim Woo-Jong , Yoon Taek-Rim , Park Kyung-Soon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Failed treatment of subtrochanteric fractures commonly leads to pain, limping, and poor limb function. Cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) could serve as an efficient salvage procedure in such cases. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and complications of salvage THA in failed subtrochanteric fracture fixation cases.

Methods
From January 2001 to December 2017, cementless THA for failed treatment of subtrochanteric fractures was performed in 18 hips of 11 men and 7 women (average age, 74 years; age range, 57.0–89.0 years). Patients were followed up for clinical and radiological assessments in terms of implant survival and complications after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The Wagner femoral stems (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA) were used in all 18 patients (100%), with the long-length stem (Wagner SL stem) and standard-length stem (Wagner cone stem) used in 11 and 7 patients, respectively.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years (range: 2.2–10.8 years). The mean Harris hip score (HHS) was 38.2 (range: 24–56) preoperatively and 85.4 (range: 79–92) at the last follow-up. The mean postoperative limb length discrepancy was 6.4 mm (range: 4–9 mm). Only one patient underwent revision due to bone in-growth failure of the femoral stem. One patient had an episode of postoperative dislocation and was treated with closed reduction without reoccurrence. Delayed union of the fracture site occurred in one patient. Patients who were previously treated with an intramedullary nail had a significantly shorter surgical duration, lesser intraoperative blood loss, and fewer blood transfusions than those who were previously treated with plate and screws. Kaplan–Meier survival rate with an endpoint of revision was 94.4% (95% confidence interval 72.7–99.9) at 5 years.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that cementless THA is a beneficial and effective procedure for salvaging the failed treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. The Wagner conical prosthesis has shown satisfactory function outcomes, stable fixation, and survival rate for these complex situations. However, attention should be paid to increased operation time, blood loss, and complications when performing THA for subtrochanteric fractures with failed fixation devices especially, plates and screws.
Evaluating the biocontrol potential of Canadian strain Bacillus velezensis 1B-23 via its surfactin production at various pHs and temperatures
Authors: Li Michelle S. M. , Piccoli David A. , McDowell Tim , MacDonald Jacqueline , Renaud Justin , Yuan Ze-Chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Microorganisms, including Bacillus species are used to help control plant pathogens, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides in agriculture. Bacillus velezensis strain 1B-23 has been shown to reduce symptoms of bacterial disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in greenhouse-grown tomatoes, with in vitro studies implicating the lipopeptide surfactin as a key antimicrobial. While surfactin is known to be effective against many bacterial pathogens, it is inhibitory to a smaller proportion of fungi which nonetheless cause the majority of crop diseases. In addition, knowledge of optimal conditions for surfactin production in B. velezensis is lacking.

Results
Here, B. velezensis 1B-23 was shown to inhibit in vitro growth of 10 fungal strains including Candida albicans, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cylindrocarpon destructans Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Monilinia fructicola, and Rhizoctonia solani, as well as two strains of C. michiganensis michiganensis. Three of the fungal strains (C. carbonum, C. neoformans, and M. fructicola) and the bacterial strains were also inhibited by purified surfactin (surfactin C, or [Leu7] surfactin C15) from B. velezensis 1B-23. Optimal surfactin production occurred in vitro at a relatively low temperature (16 °C) and a slightly acidic pH of 6.0. In addition to surfactin, B. velenzensis also produced macrolactins, cyclic dipeptides and minor amounts of iturins which could be responsible for the bioactivity against fungal strains which were not inhibited by purified surfactin C.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that B. velezensis 1B-23 has potential as a biocontrol agent against both bacterial and fungal pathogens, and may be particularly useful in slightly acidic soils of cooler climates.
Profiles of instrumental, emotional, and informational support in Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a latent class analysis
Authors: Cai Tingting , Huang Qingmei , Yuan Changrong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To date, few studies have assessed social relationships in patients with breast cancer during their chemotherapy process. This study aimed to explore profiles of instrumental, emotional, and informational support in Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study performed between September 2018 and September 2020 in China, 638 patients with breast cancer completed demographic information questionnaires, the PROMIS-Social Relationships Short Forms, the PROMIS-Anxiety Short Form, and the PROMIS-Depression Short Form. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were performed to examine between-group differences in demographic characteristics, anxiety, and depression outcomes across the identified latent classes. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the correlation of significant variables among the identified classes.

Results
Three profiles of social relationships were identified: Class 1-low social relationships group (14.3%), Class 2-high instrumental support, medium emotional and informational support group (24.6%), and Class 3-high social relationships group (61.1%). The findings revealed the heterogeneity of instrumental, emotional, and informational support in Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, which was significantly correlated with educational background, monthly family income, health insurance, and employment status. Additionally, patients with low instrumental, emotional, and informational support were more likely to report high levels of anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
When conducting interventions to promote social relationships during the chemotherapy process, healthcare providers should consider the sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety levels, and depression symptoms of patients with breast cancer and identify high-risk patients for tailored interventions.
Fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) among Chinese women undergoing frozen embryo transfer
Authors: Song Donghong , Li Xue , Yang Min , Wang Na , Zhao Yang , Diao Siyu , Zhang Xi , Gou Xuemei , Zhu Xiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Women undergoing infertility treatment have poor quality of life. This may cause them to withdraw from or refuse treatment. Women undergoing frozen embryo transfer have a treatment interval. The aim of this study was to investigate the status quo of the fertility quality of life in women undergoing frozen embryo transfer and analyse its predictors.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2019 to August 2020 among women undergoing frozen embryo transfer in a tertiary hospital reproductive centre in Beijing, China. The survey collected demographic characteristics and treatment data and included the fertility problem inventory, the fertility quality of life scale (FertiQoL) and the state-trait anxiety scale. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to explore the predictors of fertility quality of life.

Results
In total, 1062 women completed the survey. Participants reported that they had high levels of fertility-related stress and anxiety during treatment. They also had lower fertility-related quality of life, and the Treatment FertiQoL scored the lowest. The regression results showed that social concern, trait anxiety, duration of treatment and age were risk factors for diminished fertility quality of life.

Conclusion
Chinese women undergoing frozen embryo transfer have relatively poor quality of life. The potential predictors of fertility quality of life include social concern, trait anxiety, duration of treatment and age.