bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cui prodest ?
Authors: Sciuto Ruggero 
Published: December 2024

Au début de l’époque moderne, le diplomate était envisagé comme le représentant du seigneur, au point de pouvoir être considéré comme sa voix ou son double. Durant les siècles suivants, cependant, le corps diplomatique parvint à se détacher, au moins en partie, de la figure du souverain, acquérant un degré d’autonomie assez remarquable. La diplomatie culturelle aura-t-elle contribué à ce développement ? En exploitant des sources inédites provenant des archives personnelles de Luigi Lorenzi, ministre résident de France à Florence de 1735 à 1765, cette contribution se propose de démontrer comment, au XVIIIe siècle, par le biais de l’échange et de la captation de savants, d’artistes et de gens de lettres venus de l’étranger, la diplomatie culturelle offrit à certains diplomates l’opportunité de servir des intérêts distincts de (ou même contraires à) ceux du monarque, en leur offrant une bonne occasion d’expérimenter des modèles de représentation peu conventionnels ; une occasion, donc, de s’affranchir, au moins en partie, de l’autorité du souverain. Cette analyse conduit aussi à revoir certaines définitions contemporaines de la « diplomatie culturelle », en particulier celles avancées par Milton Cummings, Simon Mark, et Richard Arndt, fondées sur une interprétation trop simpliste de la notion de « représentation ».
Paris ou Vienne ?
Authors: Speeckaert Jean-Charles 
Published: December 2024

Cette contribution interroge le processus de captation des artisans orfèvres et ébénistes étrangers par les souverains et diplomates d’un territoire placé au carrefour de diverses aires culturelles : celui des Pays-Bas autrichiens dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Pour ce faire, l’article analyse la relation liant trois commanditaires de premier plan établis à Bruxelles à de grands représentants des arts décoratifs de l’époque : le ministre impérial Charles de Cobenzl avec l’ébéniste parisien Joseph Baumhauer, le gouverneur Charles de Lorraine avec l’ébéniste allemand David Roentgen, les princes Albert et Marie-Christine de Saxe-Teschen avec l’orfèvre viennois Ignaz Joseph Würth. Ces exemples permettent de questionner l’évolution de l’attraction et de l’intégration des artistes étrangers au sein des cours européennes dans le dernier siècle de l’Ancien Régime.
Quelles interactions entre le travail, la vie personnelle et le handicap? Étude de la portée sur les expériences de conciliation travail-vie personnelle des personnes travailleuses ayant des incapacités motrices ou des maladies chroniques
Authors: Charrier Francis , Boucher Normand , Dallaire Bernadette 
Published: December 2024

L’équilibre travail-vie personnelle est aujourd’hui un enjeu public et scientifique d’importance. Peu d’écrits se sont intéressés aux réalités du handicap dans ce domaine. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude de la portée sur les expériences de conciliation travail-vie personnelle des personnes travailleuses ayant des incapacités motrices ou des maladies chroniques. Il relève comment les études ont conceptualisé leur interface travail-vie personnelle, les réalités pouvant affecter leur équilibre travail-vie personnelle, les principaux facteurs environnementaux et personnels favorisant ou empêchant son atteinte, de même que certaines stratégies d’adaptations employées pour le maintenir. La théorisation de l’interface travail-vie personnelle des personnes travailleuses ayant des incapacités motrices ou des maladies chroniques requiert de reconnaître l’impact : 1) de leurs positions sociales désavantageuses, 2) des obstacles et des ressources, 3) du travail invisible réalisé dans leurs domaines de vie et 3) des discours capacitistes sur les pressions physiques, psychologiques et temporelles qu’elles ressentent au quotidien.
Vade-mecum pour la caractérisation pétroarchéologique des silicites
Authors: Fernandes Paul , Delvigne Vincent , Piboule Michel , Thiry Médard , Tufféry Christophe , Raynal Jean-Paul , Nouvel Blandine , Renault Stéphane 
Published: December 2024

Initié depuis une vingtaine d’années par deux d’entre nous dans le Massif central français, le travail d’harmonisation sémantique pour la caractérisation des matériaux siliceux utilisés lors des temps préhistoriques a pour vocation de jeter les bases d’un vocabulaire commun à tous les acteurs de la pétroarchéologie. Il est à l’origine des démarches lancées depuis plusieurs années dans le cadre de projets en cours qui aujourd’hui rassemblent plusieurs dizaines de chercheurs autour des notions d’inventaire et d’évolution des silicites. Cette approche collective de l’étude des roches – nécessairement fondée sur un vocabulaire commun – s’appuie sur un échantillonnage raisonné des différentes formations à silicites et une caractérisation qui se veut adaptée au matériau en question.Riche de plus de 360 définitions, ce vade-mecum est divisé en plusieurs parties qui recouvrent les différents aspects de l’analyse pétrographique des silicites. Il est organisé sous forme de grilles de lecture, chacune d’elles comportant un certain nombre de champs descripteurs eux-mêmes associés à un ensemble de valeurs. Ce sont ces valeurs qui sont ici définies. La grille 0 « Terrain » contient 52 descripteurs qui permettent de renseigner les conditions de collecte, ainsi que le contexte géologique et géographique dans lequel l’échantillon a été prélevé. La grille 1 « Pétrographie » contient 44 descripteurs ayant trait aux principaux critères descriptifs des microfaciès, à l’environnement de formation et à l’âge de la silicite. La grille 2 « Gîtologie » permet de déchiffrer les types d’actions physiques et les processus chimiques portés par les silicites. Ces phénomènes, contrôlés entre autres par le positionnement des surfaces – c’est-à-dire la polarité gîtologique – se chevauchent, formant un ordre qui permet de comprendre la séquence des transformations prédépositionnelles, elles-mêmes caractéristiques d’un type de formation. Enfin, la grille 3 « Taphonomie » est composée de 38 descripteurs informant sur le type et l’intensité des processus post-dépositionnels. Ces éléments donnent des indications sur les processus édaphiques qui se sont produits depuis l’abandon de l’objet par l’homme.Ce vade-mecum regroupe une sélection de termes et expressions appartenant à différents champs disciplinaires, particulièrement ceux qui étudient les matériaux, leur transformation et leur dégradation, mais également ceux qui permettent de les replacer dans leurs contextes géologiques initiaux. Outre la diffusion des concepts mis en place ces dernières années et l’adoption d’un vocabulaire unifié nécessaire à la construction disciplinaire, ce document a vocation à être utilisé comme support aux formations initiales en pétroarchéologie.
A checklist of indigenous flora in the Richtersveld National Park confirms high plant diversity in the arid north-western tip of South Africa
Authors: Van Wyk Pieter , Bezuidenhout Hugo , Jürgens Norbert 
Published: December 2024

As a basis for conservation planning, a first comprehensive vascular plant species checklist for the core Richtersveld National Park was compiled, based on the collection of more than 3000 new herbarium vouchers and in total studying over 8000 specimens and more than 4000 iNaturalist observations. By the end of April 2024, a total of 1077 indigenous taxa were recorded. The documented indigenous flora included 14 pteridophytes, 3 paleodicots, 246 monocotyledons and 815 dicotyledons. A total of 99 indigenous families and 392 genera were recorded. The largest family was the Asteraceae, and the second largest family was the Aizoaceae. In addition, 44 taxa were identified as invasive or alien flora. Seven species were regarded as extinct; of these, four species disappeared in a context of diamond mining, and three species were no longer found after the recent drought 2014 to 2022. The role of the peculiar biogeographical position and the high diversity of unique habitats within extreme environmental gradients were discussed in a review of published evidence. Reference to distribution and habitat was presented for each species in the appendices.Conservation implications: The article offers a complete checklist of vascular plants that forms a baseline for monitoring, and which facilitates the identification of additional taxa. In addition, a total of 125 taxa listed on the SANBI Red List and 15 taxa on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List were recorded, as well as a total of 170 taxa of conservation concern. Twenty-nine taxa are listed as endangered, and 21 taxa were listed as critically endangered on the South African red list. A total of 38 taxa were regarded as endemic and 101 taxa as near endemic. The identification of these taxa in combination with the information on their habitat preferences and distribution will allow targeted conservation planning.
Delayed Presentation of Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression: A Case Report
Authors: Mukhtar Islam , Mudawi Omar , Alashkar Abdulrahman H. , Abuajamieh Raed Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is a serious threat that can lead to brain damage and death. Morphine is a commonly used opioid for postoperative pain management. However, the window during which patients are at risk of OIRD, as described in the literature, is largely based on the drug’s pharmacokinetics rather than actual clinical experiences. For morphine, OIRD is generally noted to occur within 5–72 min following administration. In this case, we present the case of a 73-year-old female who underwent open herniorrhaphy and developed respiratory depression 5 h after receiving an intravenous (IV) dose of morphine. The diagnosis of OIRD was confirmed by a positive response to naloxone. Defining a window during which patients are at risk of developing respiratory impairment after opioid administration has significant practical implications for the management of postoperative patients. Based on its half-life and our clinical experience, healthy patients receiving a therapeutic dose of IV morphine may develop OIRD for up to 6 h following administration. During this period, close monitoring is strongly recommended to ensure early detection and intervention if respiratory depression occurs.
Utility of an Objective Scoring System for Acute Tubular Injury in Renal Allograft Biopsies
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Gowrishankar Swarnalata 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Banff criteria define various parameters involved in rejection episodes in renal allografts. However, definite objective criteria to diagnose tubular injury are not well addressed. In the present study, we aim to examine a morphological scoring system for diagnosing and grading acute tubular injury in graft biopsies. Furthermore, we assess the correlation of various morphological features of tubular injury with graft dysfunction at the time of biopsy.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty renal allograft biopsies with a histological diagnosis of acute tubular injury were selected. The inclusion criteria included absence of rejection, significant interstitial inflammation, infection, or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy >10%. The tubular injury was assessed and scored under five parameters: loss of brush border, presence of lucency, flattening of tubular epithelium, loss of nuclei, and presence of cast or debris. All parameters were scored from 0 to 2 based on objective criteria and assessed in five microscopic fields at ×200. A cumulative score was calculated for each biopsy. A correlation with serum creatinine at the time of biopsy with individual scores and cumulative scores was done. Statistical analysis was done and the Pearson correlation coefficient was obtained.

Results:
All the individual scores of tubular injury showed a positive correlation with serum creatinine at biopsy, with Pearson correlation coefficient varying from 0.670 to 0.490. The cumulative score for tubular injury also showed a strong positive correlation with serum creatinine, with Pearson correlation = 0.761.

Conclusion:
An objective semi-quantitative morphological scoring system may help in assessing the extent of tubular injury in graft biopsies, as this correlates well with graft dysfunction.
A Mixed Method Study on Kidney Transplant Recipients’ Quality of Life
Authors: Chundawat Bheru Singh , Chaturvedi Dharmesh , Suthar Vaneshvar , Gupta Kapil , Yadav Kaushlendra Singh , Pattnaik Shweta 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Chronic kidney disease is progressive irreversible deterioration in renal function where body is unable to maintain metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte balance. It occurs with a gradual reduction in the function of the kidneys over time. The purpose of the study was to gain deeper understanding of the quality of life (QoL) of kidney transplant recipients.

Materials and Methods:
A sequential exploratory research design was adopted in the study. The study was conducted in the nephrology outpatient department unit of Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from the participants. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
During the data analysis in qualitative research design, five themes emerged, which were Physical life, Social life, Economic improvement, Change in attitude toward life, and Challenges. Sixty percent of kidney transplant recipients had a good QoL. The quantitative study results supported the themes that emerged from the qualitative study.

Conclusion:
The Study concluded that transplant certainly improves the QoL so there should be counseling for patients regarding kidney transplantation. It was very imperative from the viewpoint of the medical professionals to support renal transplant but in our research findings, kidney transplant recipients were also in favor of kidney transplant.
A Prospective Study to Assess the Best Optimal Dose of Tacrolimus before Renal Transplantation and Its Impact on Graft Survival and Patient Outcome in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gogoi Niranjan , Jain Charu , Agarwal Megha , Agarwal Dhananjay , Gupta Ajay , Kumar Munesh 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The treatment of renal transplantation has been revolutionized by the advent of calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus (TAC). There is a wide variation in the expression of cytochrome p450 enzyme for TAC metabolization in Indian population. This variation may lead to unpredictable outcome in renal transplants (RTs). Early identification of patients at risk may help to improve graft outcome.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the best optimal dose of tacrolimus and its impact on graft survival and patient outcome in renal transplant recipients.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology for 1 year after due approval. Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing RT on TAC with available TAC trough concentration 1 month before transplantation were included and analyzed for graft function and patient outcome in terms of adequate immunosuppression and renal function.

Results:
Among total 30 recipients, 17 (56.7%) were fast-TAC metabolizers (concentration-to-dose [C/D] ratio <1 μg/ml·1/mg) and the rest 13 (43.3%) were slow-TAC metabolizers (C/D ratio ≥1 μg/ml·1/mg). TAC dose modification was done in 14 (86%) fast metabolizers and 6 (46.15%) slow metabolizers (adapted group) 3 days before RT to keep the drug in therapeutic range. Among the adapted group, 15/20 patients (fast metabolizers – 10 and slow metabolizers – 5) had achieved early target trough levels (at day 4) in comparison to the control group 3/10 (fast metabolizers – 0 and slow metabolizers – 3) (P < 0.05). Three cases of biopsy-proven acute graft rejection were found among fast-TAC metabolizers, contrary to one case among slow-TAC metabolizers (P = 0.182). One patient showed TAC-related toxicity in biopsy.

Conclusion:
Optimizing the dose of TAC before renal transplantation may facilitate individualization of immunosuppression and can improve graft outcome.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Outcome of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: Akhil Remyasri , Mathew Eby , Prasannan Bipi , Urs Vishnu Dev , Unni V. Narayanan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Acute rejection occurs at any time following renal transplantation. The study aims to find the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2015 to April 2023, included patients with biopsy-proven acute graft rejection. Data were collected from electronic medical records. Rejection and no rejection groups were compared for the variables.

Results:
Out of 371 patients, acute rejection occurred in 36 (9.7%) patients at 1 year of transplantation. Thirty (8%) were early acute rejections (EARs) and 22 (6%) were late acute rejections (LARs). Higher human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, historical positive crossmatch, and history of blood transfusions were risk factors for acute rejection (P < 0.05). Incidence of LAR beyond 1 year was 11/23 (48%) in those who had received induction therapy at transplantation versus 5/29 (17.2%) in those who did not (P = 0.045). One out of five patients (3.4%) who received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) experienced EAR, in contrast to 8/18 (5.2%) patients who received basiliximab (P = 0.037). A complete response to treatment was observed in 22/30 (73.3%) patients with EAR and 2/22 (9.09%) with LAR (P < 0.001). At 23.77 ± 24.6 months of follow-up, graft survival was 12/12 (100%) in those with early T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) compared to 5/9 (55.6%) with late acute TCMR (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The incidence of acute rejection was highest within the first posttransplant year. Higher HLA mismatches, historical positive crossmatch, and history of blood transfusion were risk factors for acute rejection. ATG was effective in preventing EAR. LAR occurring beyond the first posttransplant year was independent of induction therapy at time of transplantation. Treatment response was better with EAR compared to LAR. Graft survival was better with early acute TCMR compared to late acute TCMR.
First-year Students and Organ Donation: A Multidisciplinary Study Conducted in Eastern India Analyzed by Ordinal Regression
Authors: Datta Panchali , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Organ transplantation is becoming increasingly common and established as the preferred treatment for individuals with end-stage organ failure. The global organ transplantation demand–supply gap is greater in Southeast Asia and more so, in India. This study aims to uncover the underlying factors contributing to the disparity between the awareness and willingness for organ transplantation. First-year students possess the potential to function as catalysts for change in their families and society about organ donation, due to their influential role in shaping the future society.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and willingness toward organ donation among first-year students from various fields and to find out their relationship with specific sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:
The study employed a cross-sectional observational design and included 762 first-year students from several colleges in Eastern India, studying disciplines such as medicine, nursing, engineering, and business. Using Google Forms, a validated and predesigned questionnaire was developed and then sent to participants sharing the QR code. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:
Among the 762 participants, while 68.6% had a satisfactory to excellent understanding of organ donation, just 5.9% had a positive attitude toward it. Furthermore, if called upon, 21.4% said they would be willing to donate organs. A statistically significant correlation was seen between knowledge, attitude, and the willingness to donate organs.

Conclusions:
Multiple factors exert influence on organ donation, encompassing elements such as information, cultural views, and individual motivation. Comprehending these components is crucial for developing efficient strategies to promote organ donation.
Indocyanine green with methylene blue dye as an alternative to standard dual dye technique for sentinel lymph node biopsy in node-negative early breast cancer: Experience from a tertiary cancer institute
Authors: Bandegudda Santhoshkumar , Bindlish Ridhima , Naidu Chandra C K , Mohandas Anu , Patel Rajkumar Pareshbhai , Kodandapani Suseela , Raju KVVN , Thammineedi Subramanyeshwar R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy by a dual technique using technetium and methylene blue (MB) is a standard method of assessing the axilla in node-negative breast cancer. However, technetium has few drawbacks and not easily available, especially during the situation like COVID-19 pandemic. This warrants for the development of alternate techniques of SLN biopsy replacing the technetium.

Methods:
A retrospective study of prospectively entered data was collected from 1st of January to 31st of December 2020 in a tertiary cancer center in India. A total of 86 node-negative breast cancer patients, who underwent SLN biopsy using dual technique either by technetium and MB or indocyanine green (ICG) and MB were studied. There were 52 patients in technetium and MB group and 34 patients in the indocyanine green and MB group.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in age, quadrant of a tumor, type of surgery, histopathology, grade, size of tumor, and hormone receptor status between the groups. Both techniques had similar identification rates, mean sentinel nodes removed, and SLN positivity rate.

Conclusion:
In circumstances where technetium is not available, ICG with MB can be considered as a safe alternative technique for SLN biopsy.
How stressful is caregiving? A question worth asking
Authors: Thakur Pragyat , Aashita  , Sharma Rajiv 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Caring for chronically ill patients is often an emotionally demanding task. Apart from physical, social, and economic burdens, inadequate information, preparation, and support for caregivers lead to significant distress, which is often underestimated.

Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the factors contributing to stress in caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients and analyze the effects of such stress on the caregivers.

Methods:
Caregivers of 88 terminally ill patients admitted to our hospice facility between October 2019 and February 2020 were evaluated for stress using the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) tool. Contributing factors and consequences of caregiver stress were analyzed using multivariate analysis.

Results:
A CSI score of ≥7 was present in 77.8% of caregivers, reflecting significant stress levels. Age more than 50, female sex, education status, financial constraints, physical strain, and emotional adjustments contributed significantly to overall caregiver stress, in multivariate analysis (P <0.05).

Conclusion:
Caregiver stress is a significant problem, and the absence of support systems in developing countries further compounds their suffering. Methodical evaluation of stress and suitable coping strategies is the need of the hour.