bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Fiber‐Based Wearable Supercapacitors: Recent Advances in Design, Construction, and Application
Authors: Cheng Hengyang , Li Qing , Zhu Liangliang , Chen Su 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFiber‐based supercapacitors (FSCs) that display small volume, robust weavability, high power density, and long‐term stability, have urgently become the indispensable power supplies in smart wearable industries. Graphene fiber is regarded as an ideal FSCs electrode due to its remarkable natures of anisotropic framework, adjustable layer spacing, porous structures, large specific‐surface‐area, processable electroactivity, and high electronical and mechanical properties. This review, mainly focuses on the graphene fiber‐based supercapacitors (GFSCs), with respect to fiber preparation, micro‐nanostructure modulation, supercapacitor construction, performance optimization, and wearable applications. Various fiber fabrication strategies, including wet‐spinning, dry‐spinning, film conversion, confined hydrothermal self‐assembly, and microfluidic‐spinning are presented for fiber's structure manipulation and large‐scale production. Advanced nanostructures and electroactivity with various building principles, such as oriented alignment, porous network, hierarchical, and heterogeneous skeleton, engineered active‐sites, and mechanical regulation are discussed for boosting charge transfer, and ionic kinetic diffusion and storage. Especially, the optimizing approaches for regular unit alignment, enhanced interlayer interactions, modulated structural nano‐architecture are presented to deliver high capacitance and energy density. Moreover, the flexibility and stretchability of graphene fiber, together with wearable applications of power supply are highlighted. Finally, a short summary, current challenges and future perspectives for designing high energy density GFSCs are proposed.
Cycling Rate‐Induced Spatially‐Resolved Heterogeneities in Commercial Cylindrical Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Vamvakeros Antonis , Matras Dorota , Ashton Thomas E. , Coelho Alan A. , Dong Hongyang , Bauer Dustin , Odarchenko Yaroslav , Price Stephen W. T. , Butler Keith T. , Gutowski Olof , Dippel Ann‐Christin , Zimmerman Martin von , Darr Jawwad A. , Jacques Simon D. M. , Beale Andrew M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynchrotron high‐energy X‐ray diffraction computed tomography has been employed to investigate, for the first time, commercial cylindrical Li‐ion batteries electrochemically cycled over the two cycling rates of C/2 and C/20. This technique yields maps of the crystalline components and chemical species as a cross‐section of the cell with high spatiotemporal resolution (550 × 550 images with 20 × 20 × 3 µm3 voxel size in ca. 1 h). The recently developed Direct Least‐Squares Reconstruction algorithm is used to overcome the well‐known parallax problem and led to accurate lattice parameter maps for the device cathode. Chemical heterogeneities are revealed at both electrodes and are attributed to uneven Li and current distributions in the cells. It is shown that this technique has the potential to become an invaluable diagnostic tool for real‐world commercial batteries and for their characterization under operating conditions, leading to unique insights into “real” battery degradation mechanisms as they occur.
A Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Amplifier to Overcome Hypoxia Resistance for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dong Ping , Hu Jialing , Yu Shuyi , Zhou Yizhuo , Shi Tianhui , Zhao Yun , Wang Xiuyuan , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypoxia‐induced resistance to tumor treatment restricts further development of photodynamic therapy. Instead of simple reoxygenation to relieve hypoxia in traditional therapeutic approaches, a mitochondria‐targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifier is constructed to reverse hypoxia resistance and enhance tumor sensitivity to hypoxia‐resistant photodynamic therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are modified with triphenylphosphine to enhance its blood circulation and endow it with mitochondria‐targeted specificity. α‐Tocopherol succinate and indocyanine green are loaded in mitochondria‐targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles to reduce innate oxygen consumption by blocking mitochondrial respiration chain, leading to endogenous mitochondrial ROS burst and imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy. This mitochondria‐targeted oxidative stress amplifier not only disrupts mitochondrial redox homeostasis and triggers long‐term high oxidative stress but also makes tumor more sensitive to hypoxia‐resistant photodynamic therapy. The imaging‐guided ROS amplifier confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of both in vitro and in vivo anticancer performance, suggesting a promising clinical strategy in hypoxia‐related tumor treatment.
Landscape of Cell Communication in Human Dental Pulp
Authors: Yin Wei , Liu Gaoxia , Li Jinhong , Bian Zhuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cellular atlas of the stroma is not well understood. Here, the cell populations in human dental pulp through single‐cell RNA sequencing are profiled. Dental pulp stem cells, pulp cells, T cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and glial cells are identified in human dental pulp. These cells support each other through sending growth signals. Based on the appearance of ligand–receptor pairs between two cell populations, pulp cells have the greatest communication with other cell types, while T cells have the least communication. In addition, T cells expressing TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4, and endothelial cells expressing TLR4, monitor bacterial invasion. These findings provide the census of normal dental pulp.
Evolutionary–phylogenetic pathway of the Cretaceous ammonite genusAegocriocerasand its relationship toJuddicerasspp. andCrioceratitesspp.
Authors: Weinkauf Manuel F. G. , Hoffmann René , Wiedenroth Kurt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe systematics of ammonoids are complicated by their large degree of intraspecies variation, which complicates a stable validation of species.Aegocriocerasis a heteromorph ammonite from the Lower Saxony Basin in the Hauterivian Boreal, and a prime example of a genus with an unstable internal systematic and external relationship to other ammonoids. Here, we use quantitative morphometrics onAegocriocerasspecies from an assemblage collected in the Resse clay pit (north‐west Germany) to evaluate the systematics and phylogeny of this Cretaceous genus. We simplify the systematics of the genus into the three entitiesA. bicarinatum[m]–A. semicinctum[M] complex (which potentially containsA. quadratumas well),A. raricostatumandA. spathi. The most likely phylogeny coincides very well with the stratigraphic record of the species and implies anagenetic adaptations inA. raricostatumandA. spathiafter the origin of the species. It is most likely thatAegocriocerasderived from warm‐water adapted TethyanCrioceratitesspecies, and BorealCrioceratitesare potentially warm‐water adapted descendants of the cold‐water adaptedAegocriocerasbut may alternatively represent renewed Tethyan invasions. Our data imply that the success ofAegocriocerasagainst incumbent ammonites in the Boreal was rooted in abiotic change (Court Jester) processes due to its high adaptability, while it is more likely that selection within theAegocriocerasclade was based on biotic interaction (Red Queen) processes.
Grammar teaching practices of ESOL school teachers
Authors: Smith Joye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough judicious grammar teaching in college ESOL instruction is generally accepted, little is known about the grammar teaching practices of teachers of school‐age English language learners (ELLs), who are learning academic content as well as a new language. In this study, 86 primary and secondary teachers of ELLs in a U.S. metropolitan area were surveyed about teaching grammar; nine also participated in a focus group. Most integrate grammar teaching into literacy instruction and use a wide range of approaches, including, but not limited to, explicit teaching of rules or patterns. However, their teaching is complicated by varied student literacy levels, the demands of high‐stakes testing, time constraints, limited connection with higher levels of discourse, and inconsistent administrator support and curricular integration. Results suggest the need for teacher–peer collaboration and common frameworks as teachers and students connect forms and meaning across content discourses and, in teacher education, equipping teachers with a dynamic and socially situated pedagogical grammar that moves beyond “error correction” to provide “a linguistic resource for making meaning” (Myhill, 2005, p. 84).
Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation
Authors: Hanada Masanori , Shimada Hidehiko , Wintergerst Nico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large-N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N0 to N2, which persists in the weak coupling region. Indistinguishability associated with the symmetry group — SU(N) or O(N) in gauge theory, and SN permutations in the system of identical bosons — is crucial for the formation of the condensed (confined) phase. We relate standard criteria, based on off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) for BEC and the Polyakov loop for gauge theory. The constant offset of the distribution of the phases of the Polyakov loop corresponds to ODLRO, and gives the order parameter for the partially-(de)confined phase at finite coupling. We demonstrate this explicitly for several quantum mechanical systems (i.e., theories at small or zero spatial volume) at weak coupling, and argue that this mechanism extends to large volume and/or strong coupling. This viewpoint may have implications for confinement at finite N, and for quantum gravity via gauge/gravity duality.
Aether SUSY breaking: can aether be alternative to F-term SUSY breaking?
Authors: Yamada Yusuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking scenarios where both SUSY and Lorentz symmetry are broken spontaneously. For concreteness, we propose models in which scalar fluid or vector condensation breaks Lorentz symmetry and accordingly SUSY. Then, we examine whether such scenarios are viable for realistic model buildings. We find, however, that the scalar fluid model suffers from several issues. Then, we extend it to a vector condensation model, which avoids the issues in the scalar fluid case. We show that accelerated expansion and soft SUSY breaking in matter sector can be achieved. In our simple setup, the soft SUSY breaking is constrained to be less than $$ \mathcal{O}(100)\mathrm{TeV} $$
O

100

TeV
from the constraints on modification of gravity.
A theory of giant vortices
Authors: Penin Alexander A. , Weller Quinten 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We elaborate a theory of giant vortices [1] based on an asymptotic expansion in inverse powers of their winding number n. The theory is applied to the analysis of vortex solutions in the abelian Higgs (Ginzburg-Landau) model. Specific properties of the giant vortices for charged and neutral scalar fields as well as different integrable limits of the scalar self-coupling are discussed. Asymptotic results and the finite-n corrections to the vortex solutions are derived in analytic form and the convergence region of the expansion is determined.
Multicritical hypercubic models
Authors: Zinati R. Ben Alì , Codello A. , Zanusso O. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study renormalization group multicritical fixed points in the ϵ-expansion of scalar field theories characterized by the symmetry of the (hyper)cubic point group HN. After reviewing the algebra of HN-invariant polynomials and arguing that there can be an entire family of multicritical (hyper)cubic solutions with ϕ2n interactions in $$ d=\frac{2n}{n-1}-\epsilon $$
d
=

2
n

n
−
1

−
ϵ
dimensions, we use the general multicomponent beta functionals formalism to study the special cases d = 3 − ϵ and $$ d=\frac{8}{3}-\epsilon $$
d
=

8
3

−
ϵ
, deriving explicitly the beta functions describing the flow of three- and four-critical (hyper)cubic models. We perform a study of their fixed points, critical exponents and quadratic deformations for various values of N, including the limit N = 0, that was reported in another paper in relation to the randomly diluted single-spin models, and an analysis of the large N limit, which turns out to be particularly interesting since it depends on the specific multicriticality. We see that, in general, the continuation in N of the random solutions is different from the continuation coming from large-N, and only the latter interpolates with the physically interesting cases of low-N such as N = 3. Finally, we also include an analysis of a theory with quintic interactions in $$ d=\frac{10}{3}-\epsilon $$
d
=

10
3

−
ϵ
and, for completeness, the NNLO computations in d = 4 − ϵ.
Signals for antigen-independent differentiation of memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Kwesi-Maliepaard Eliza Mari , Jacobs Heinz , van Leeuwen Fred 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConventional CD8+ memory T cells develop upon stimulation with foreign antigen and provide increased protection upon re-challenge. Over the past two decades, new subsets of CD8+ T cells have been identified that acquire memory features independently of antigen exposure. These antigen-inexperienced memory T cells (TAIM) are described under several names including innate memory, virtual memory, and ﻿memory phenotype. ﻿TAIM cells exhibit characteristics of conventional or true memory cells, including antigen-specific responses. In addition, they show responsiveness to innate stimuli and have been suggested to provide additional levels of protection toward infections and cancer. Here, we discuss the current understanding of TAIM cells, focusing on extrinsic and intrinsic molecular conditions that favor their development, their molecular definitions and immunological properties, as well as their transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
Professional ethics and social responsibility: military work and peacebuilding
Authors: Hersh M. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates four questions related to ethical issues associated with the involvement of engineers and scientists in 'military work', including the influence of ethical values and beliefs, the role of gendered perspectives and moves beyond the purely technical. It fits strongly into a human (and planet)-centred systems perspective and extends my previous AI and Society papers on othering and narrative ethics, and ethics and social responsibility. It has two main contributions. The first involves an analysis of the literature through the application of different ethical theories and the application of gendered analysis to discussion of masculinities in engineering and the military. The second is a survey of scientists and engineers to investigate their opinions and experiences. The conclusions draw together the results of these two contributions to provide preliminary responses to the four questions and include a series of recommendations covering education and training, ethical approval of work not involving human participants or animals, the need for organisational support, approaches covering wider perspectives and the encouragement of individual ethical commitment.
Ireneusz Wierzejewski: treatment of amputees of the upper limb in Poznan during the Great War
Authors: Magowska Anita , Owecki Michał 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The Great War (1914–1918) caused a dramatic increase in the number of limbless invalids. Orthopaedics became the field of medicine that could offer the most effective help for those patients.

Objective
This review article aims to present how new operations and methods in the field of orthopaedics spread to other countries during the Great War.

Methods
Historical photographs of patients treated by being given hand prostheses are analysed and discussed as a case study of the transfer of orthopaedic techniques in Europe. The pictures were taken in a provincial military hospital, directed by Ireneusz Wierzejewski, the pioneer of orthopaedics in Poland.

Results
The methods of preparing stumps for prostheses at Wierzejewski’s hospital followed the patterns of the time. In some cases, the prostheses were further modified to better help patients return to their former lives.

Conclusion
The case of the Fortress Hospital in Poznań demonstrates that kinetic hand prostheses were also available in provincial hospitals. Modern orthopaedic procedures remain an effective treatment and a way to restore amputees to society.
Randomized multicenter noninferiority phase III clinical trial of the first biosimilar of eculizumab
Authors: Kulagin Alexander D. , Ptushkin Vadim V. , Lukina Elena A. , Davydkin Igor L. , Korobkin Alexander V. , Shamrai Vladimir S. , Konstantinova Tatyana S. , Kaporskaya Tatyana S. , Mitina Tatyana A. , Ksenzova Tatyana I. , Zuev Evgeny V. , Markova Oksana A. , Gapchenko Elena V. , Kudlay Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrently, eculizumab is the main effective treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The aim of this randomized multicenter noninferiority study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Biosimilar (Elizaria) in comparison with the Originator (Soliris) in patients with PNH. Biosimilar and Originator were administered at a dose of 600 mg weekly for 4 weeks at the initial stage in naive patients, as well as for maintenance therapy at a dose of 900 mg every 2 weeks in all patients. The primary endpoint was a comparative assessment of hemolytic activity based on the area under the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration–time curve during the maintenance therapy. Thirty-two (32) patients were randomized for therapy with Biosimilar (n = 16) or Originator (n = 16). The mean values of LDH concentration–time curve were similar in both treatment groups without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Evaluation of secondary endpoints has shown no statistically significant differences between the groups. Safety values were comparable in both treatment groups. The data obtained confirm that the Biosimilar is not inferior to the Originator in terms of the main efficacy parameter, and is also comparable with it in terms of safety and additional efficacy parameters. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04463056
Large joints are progressively involved in rheumatoid arthritis irrespective of rheumatoid factor status—results from the early rheumatoid arthritis study
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Nikiphorou Elena , Young Adam , Kiely Patrick D. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the progression of large joint involvement from early to established RA in terms of range of movement (ROM) and time to joint surgery, according to the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF). We used a historical longitudinal cohort of early RA patients. Patients were deemed RF negative if all repeated assessments were negative. The rate of progression from normal to any loss of range of movement (ROM) from years 3 to 14 were modelled using generalized estimating equations, for elbows, wrists, hips, knees and ankle, adjusting for confounders. Time to joint surgery was analysed using multivariable Cox models. A total of 1458 patients were included (66% female, mean age 55 years) and 74% were RF-positive. The prevalence of any loss of ROM, from year 3 through to 14 was highest in the wrist followed by ankle, knee, elbow and hip. Odds of loss of ROM increased over time in all joint regions assessed, at around 7–13% per year from year 3 to 14. Time to surgery was similar according to RF-status for the wrist and ankle, but RF-positive cases had a lower hazard of surgery at the elbow (HR 0.37, 0.15–0.90), hip (HR 0.69, 0.48–0.99) and after 10 years at the knee (HR 0.41, 0.25–0.68). Large joints become progressively involved in RA, most frequently affecting the wrist followed by ankle, which is overlooked in composite disease activity indices. RF-negative and positive cases progressed similarly. Treat-to-target approaches should be followed irrespective of RF status.
Are patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorder so different?
Authors: Aubry-Rozier Bérengère , Schwitzguebel Adrien , Valerio Flore , Tanniger Joelle , Paquier Célia , Berna Chantal , Hügle Thomas , Benaim Charles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiagnosing hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) remains challenging, despite new 2017 criteria. Patients not fulfilling these criteria are considered to have hypermobile spectrum disorder (HSD). Our first aim was to evaluate whether patients hEDS were more severely affected and had higher prevalence of extra-articular manifestations than HSD. Second aim was to compare their outcome after coordinated physical therapy. Patients fulfilling hEDS/HSD criteria were included in this real-life prospective cohort (November 2017/April 2019). They completed a 16-item Clinical Severity Score (CSS-16). We recorded bone involvement, neuropathic pain (DN4) and symptoms of mast cell disorders (MCAS) as extra-articular manifestations. After a standardized initial evaluation (T0), all patients were offered the same coordinated physical therapy, were followed-up at 6 months (T1) and at least 1 year later (T2), and were asked whether or not their condition had subjectively improved at T2. We included 97 patients (61 hEDS, 36 HSD). Median age was 40 (range 18–73); 92.7% were females. Three items from CSS-16 (pain, motricity problems, and bleeding) were significantly more severe with hEDS than HSD. Bone fragility, neuropathic pain and MCAS were equally prevalent. At T2 (20 months [range 18–26]) 54% of patients reported improvement (no difference between groups). On multivariable analysis, only family history of hypermobility predicted (favorable) outcome (p = 0.01). hEDS and HDS patients showed similar disease severity score except for pain, motricity problems and bleeding, and similar spectrum of extra-articular manifestations. Long-term improvement was observed in > 50% of patients in both groups. These results add weight to a clinical pragmatic proposition to consider hEDS/HSD as a single entity that requires the same treatments.
Emerging new climate extremes over Europe
Authors: Ossó Albert , Allan Richard P. , Hawkins Ed , Shaffrey Len , Maraun Douglas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman society and natural systems are intrinsically adapted to the local climate mean and variability. Therefore, changes relative to the local expected variability are highly relevant for assessing impact and planning for adaptation as the climate changes. We analyse the emerging climate signal relative to the diagnosed internal variability (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N) of a set of recently published climate indices over Europe. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to a recent baseline (1951–1983) which relates to recent societal experience. In this framework, we find that during the 2000–2016 period, many areas of Europe already experienced significant changes in climate extremes, even when compared to this recent period which is within living memory. In particular, the S/N of extreme temperatures is larger than 1 and 2 over 34% and 4% of Europe, respectively. We also find that about 15% of Europe is experiencing more intense winter precipitation events, while in summer, 7% of Europe is experiencing stronger drought-inducing conditions.