bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the typological classifications of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene osseous projectile points according to the new AMS dates of selected artifacts from Poland
Authors: Orłowska Justyna , Osipowicz Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLate Glacial and Early Holocene bone and antler artifacts are recovered from all over the Polish Lowland. Elements of projectile weaponry, in the form of various points made of osseous raw materials, were an important part of hunter-gatherer equipment of that time. We present the results of AMS dating of a unique collection of thirteen artifacts that had previously been chrono-culturally attributed by means of relative dating using typological approaches only. The results obtained are considered alongside current knowledge and typological arrangements for these types of tools in Europe. We also attempt to determine the interpretative potential of the technological studies to which the discussed osseous points were subjected in terms of possibly identifying processing techniques that can be specific to the given periods of the Stone Age. Suggestions made in this respect are verified through the radiocarbon dating results.
Nutrient pathways and their susceptibility to past and future change in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean
Authors: Tuerena Robyn E. , Mahaffey Claire , Henley Sian F. , de la Vega Camille , Norman Louisa , Brand Tim , Sanders Tina , Debyser Margot , Dähnke Kirstin , Braun Judith , März Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate change is altering nutrient cycling within the Arctic Ocean, having knock-on effects to Arctic ecosystems. Primary production in the Arctic is principally nitrogen-limited, particularly in the western Pacific-dominated regions where denitrification exacerbates nitrogen loss. The nutrient status of the eastern Eurasian Arctic remains under debate. In the Barents Sea, primary production has increased by 88% since 1998. To support this rapid increase in productivity, either the standing stock of nutrients has been depleted, or the external nutrient supply has increased. Atlantic water inflow, enhanced mixing, benthic nitrogen cycling, and land–ocean interaction have the potential to alter the nutrient supply through addition, dilution or removal. Here we use new datasets from the Changing Arctic Ocean program alongside historical datasets to assess how nitrate and phosphate concentrations may be changing in response to these processes. We highlight how nutrient dynamics may continue to change, why this is important for regional and international policy-making and suggest relevant research priorities for the future.
Dynamic deformation monitoring of an offshore platform structure with accelerometers
Authors: Li Wen , Hancock Craig , Yang Yusong , Wang Jian , Meng Xiaolin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, structural characteristics are evaluated by displacement and frequency indicators that indicate the real-time health status of offshore platforms. This paper uses an accelerometer to collect the dynamic response of the platform in the event of a ship collision. The main contributions of this research are reflected in three aspects. Firstly, based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) multiscale decomposition, the noise range is determined according to the scale and the average value of the standardized accumulation mode, and the original acceleration sequence is denoised. Secondly, two impact tests were carried out to understand the platform's structural characteristics under an external load. Combined with the FFT algorithm and Hilbert Huang transform, the three-dimensional information of the time, frequency, and energy is analyzed. Finally, a method of high-frequency dynamic displacement reconstruction is proposed. According to the extracted vibration frequency information, the parameters for the filter are reasonably set, and the denoised acceleration time sequence is processed with bandpass filtering and quadratic integration to obtain the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the structure. The results show that the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the accelerometer reconstruction is 1.5 mm. Two collision event frequencies, 1.477 Hz and 1.483 Hz, were successfully extracted from the north direction.
Bibliometrics: Methods for studying academic publishing
Authors: Ninkov Anton , Frank Jason R. , Maggio Lauren A. 
Published: December 2021

Bibliometrics is the study of academic publishing that uses statistics to describe publishing trends and to highlight relationships between published works. Likened to epidemiology, researchers seek to answer questions about a field based on data about publications (e.g., authors, topics, funding) in the same way that an epidemiologist queries patient data to understand the health of a population. In this Eye Opener, the authors introduce bibliometrics and define its key terminology and concepts, including relational and evaluative bibliometrics. Readers are introduced to common bibliometric methods and their related strengths and weaknesses. The authors provide examples of bibliometrics applied in health professions education and propose potential future research directions. Health professions educators are consumers of bibliometric reports and can adopt its methodologies for future studies.
Marked colimits and higher cofinality
Authors: Abellán García Fernando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven a marked$$\infty $$∞-category$$\mathcal {D}^{\dagger }$$D†(i.e. an$$\infty $$∞-category equipped with a specified collection of morphisms) and a functor$$F: \mathcal {D}\rightarrow {\mathbb {B}}$$F:D→Bwith values in an$$\infty $$∞-bicategory, we define "Equation missing", the marked colimit ofF. We provide a definition of weighted colimits in$$\infty $$∞-bicategories when the indexing diagram is an$$\infty $$∞-category and show that they can be computed in terms of marked colimits. In the maximally marked case$$\mathcal {D}^{\sharp }$$D♯, our construction retrieves the$$\infty $$∞-categorical colimit ofFin the underlying$$\infty $$∞-category$$\mathcal {B}\subseteq {\mathbb {B}}$$B⊆B. In the specific case when "Equation missing", the$$\infty $$∞-bicategory of$$\infty $$∞-categories and$$\mathcal {D}^{\flat }$$D♭is minimally marked, we recover the definition of lax colimit of Gepner–Haugseng–Nikolaus. We show that a suitable$$\infty $$∞-localization of the associated coCartesian fibration$${\text {Un}}_{\mathcal {D}}(F)$$UnD(F)computes "Equation missing". Our main theorem is a characterization of those functors of marked$$\infty $$∞-categories$${f:\mathcal {C}^{\dagger } \rightarrow \mathcal {D}^{\dagger }}$$f:C†→D†which are marked cofinal. More precisely, we provide sufficient and necessary criteria for the restriction of diagrams alongfto preserve marked colimits
A Different View on Dynamics of Space Curves Geometry
Authors: Tunçer Yılmaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we define the X-torque curves, $$X-$$

X
-

equilibrium curves, X-moment conservative curves, $$X-$$

X
-

gyroscopic curves as new curves derived from a regular space curve by using the Frenet vectors of a space curve and its position vector, where $$X\in \left\{ T\left( s\right) , N\left( s\right) , B\left( s\right) \right\} $$

X
∈

T

s

,
N

s

,
B

s

and we examine these curves and we give their properties.
Radiometric analysis of digitized Z-scope records in archival radar sounding film
Authors: Schroeder Dustin M. , Broome Anna L. , Conger Annabel , Lynch Acacia , Mackie Emma J. , Tarzona Angelo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe earliest airborne geophysical campaigns over Antarctica and Greenland in the 1960s and 1970s collected ice penetrating radar data on 35 mm optical film. Early subglacial topographic and englacial stratigraphic analyses of these data were foundational to the field of radioglaciology. Recent efforts to digitize and release these data have resulted in geometric and ice-thickness analysis that constrain subsurface change over multiple decades but stop short of radiometric interpretation. The primary challenge for radiometric analysis is the poorly-characterized compression applied to Z-scope records and the sparse sampling of A-scope records. Here, we demonstrate the information richness and radiometric interpretability of Z-scope records. Z-scope pixels have uncalibrated fast-time, slow-time, and intensity scales. We develop approaches for mapping each of these scales to physical units (microseconds, seconds, and signal to noise ratio). We then demonstrate the application of this calibration and analysis approach to a flight in the interior of East Antarctica with subglacial lakes and to a reflight of an East Antarctic ice shelf that was observed by both archival and modern radar. These results demonstrate the potential use of Z-scope signals to extend the baseline of radiometric observations of the subsurface by decades.
How Open Lists Undermine the Electoral Support of Cohesive Parties
Authors: Bräuninger Thomas , Däubler Thomas , Huber Robert , Rudolph Lukas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow does ballot structure affect party choice? We argue that open lists undermine the electoral support of cohesive parties, to the benefit of internally divided parties. We conduct a survey-embedded experiment in the aftermath of the European migrant crisis, presenting German voters with real parties but fictitious politicians. A crossover design varies ballot type and exposure to candidate positions on immigration. We find that the internally divided Christian Democrats gain votes at the expense of the cohesive Alternative for Germany when open lists are used and candidate positions are known. For individuals who are equally attracted to both parties, switching is most likely if their immigration preferences lie near the midpoint between the two parties. Overall, our analysis establishes conditions under which ballot structure can affect the electoral performance of parties in general, and that of the populist right in particular.
Iron deficiency and internalizing symptom severity in unmedicated adolescents: a pilot study
Authors: Abbas Malak , Gandy Kellen , Salas Ramiro , Devaraj Sridevi , Calarge Chadi A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIron plays a key role in a broad set of metabolic processes. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, but its neuropsychiatric implications in adolescents have not been examined.MethodsTwelve- to 17-year-old unmedicated females with major depressive or anxiety disorders or with no psychopathology underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment for this pilot study. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained, segmented using Freesurfer. Serum ferritin concentration (sF) was measured. Correlational analyses examined the association between body iron stores, psychiatric symptom severity, and basal ganglia volumes, accounting for confounding variables.ResultsForty females were enrolled, 73% having a major depressive and/or anxiety disorder, 35% with sF < 15 ng/mL, and 50% with sF < 20 ng/mL. Serum ferritin was inversely correlated with both anxiety and depressive symptom severity (r = −0.34, p < 0.04 and r = −0.30, p < 0.06, respectively). Participants with sF < 15 ng/mL exhibited more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms as did those with sF < 20 ng/mL. Moreover, after adjusting for age and total intracranial volume, sF was inversely associated with left caudate (Spearman's r = −0.46, p < 0.04), left putamen (r = −0.58, p < 0.005), and right putamen (r = −0.53, p < 0.01) volume.ConclusionsBrain iron may become depleted at a sF concentration higher than the established threshold to diagnose iron deficiency (i.e. 15 ng/mL), potentially disrupting brain maturation and contributing to the emergence of internalizing disorders in adolescents.
Familial clustering of psychiatric disorders and low IQ
Authors: Weiser Mark , Frenkel Or , Fenchel Daphna , Tzur Dorit , Sandin Sven , Janecka Magdalena , Levi Linda , Davidson Michael , Laor Lucian , Fruchter Eyal , Reichenberg Abraham 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the ICD and DSM differentiate between different psychiatric disorders, these often share symptoms, risk factors, and treatments. This was a population-based, case–control, sibling study examining familial clustering of all psychiatric disorders and low IQ, using data from the Israel Draft-Board Registry on all Jewish adolescents assessed between 1998 and 2014.MethodsWe identified all cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 2128), severe intellectual disability (ID, N = 9572), attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (N = 3272), psychotic (N = 7902), mood (N = 9704), anxiety (N = 10 606), personality (N = 24 816), or substance/alcohol abuse (N = 791) disorders, and low IQ (⩾2 SDs below the population mean, N = 31 186). Non-CNS control disorders were adolescents with Type-1 diabetes (N = 2427), hernia (N = 29 558) or hematological malignancies (N = 931). Each case was matched with 10 age-matched controls selected at random from the Draft-Board Registry, with replacement, and for each case and matched controls, we ascertained all full siblings. The main outcome measure was the relative recurrence risk (RRR) of the sibling of a case having the same (within-disorder RRR) or a different (across-disorder RRR) disorder.ResultsWithin-disorder RRRs were increased for all diagnostic categories, ranging from 11.53 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.23–14.40] for ASD to 2.93 (95% CI: 2.80–3.07) for personality disorders. The median across-disorder RRR between any pair of psychiatric disorders was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.45–2.43); the median RRR between low IQ and any psychiatric disorder was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.93–1.98). There was no consistent increase in across-disorder RRRs between the non-CNS disorders and psychiatric disorders and/or low IQ.ConclusionThese large population-based study findings suggest shared etiologies among most psychiatric disorders, and low IQ.
Will Anthropogenic Warming Increase Evapotranspiration? Examining Irrigation Water Demand Implications of Climate Change in California
Authors: Vahmani P. , Jones A. D. , Li D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate modeling studies and observations do not fully agree on the implications of anthropogenic warming for evapotranspiration (ET), a major component of the water cycle and driver of irrigation water demand. Here, we use California as a testbed to assess the ET impacts of changing atmospheric conditions induced by climate change on irrigated systems. Our analysis of irrigated agricultural and urban regions shows that warmer atmospheric temperatures have minimal implications for ET rates and irrigation water demands—about one percent change per degree Celsius warming (∼1% °C−1). By explicitly modeling irrigation, we control for the confounding effect of climate‐driven soil moisture changes and directly estimate water demand implications. Our attribution analysis of the drivers of ET response to global anthropogenic warming shows that as the atmospheric temperature and vapor pressure deficit depart from the ideal conditions for transpiration, regulation of stomata resistance by stressed vegetation almost completely offsets the expected increase in ET rates that would otherwise result from abiotic processes alone. We further show that anthropogenic warming of the atmosphere has minimal implications for mean relative humidity (<1.7% °C−1) and the surface available energy (<0.2% °C−1), which are critical drivers of ET. This study corroborates the growing evidence that plant physiological changes moderate the degree to which changes in potential ET are realized as actual ET.
Massive Multi‐Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 4. On the Near‐Cusp Magnetopause Indentation
Authors: Nguyen G. , Aunai N. , Michotte de Welle B. , Jeandet A. , Lavraud B. , Fontaine D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe shape and location of the magnetopause current sheet in the near‐cusp region is still a debated question. Over time, several observations led to contradictory conclusions regarding the presence of an indentation of the magnetopause in that region. As a result several empirical models consider the surface is indented in that region, while some others do not. To tackle this issue, we fit a total of 17,230 magnetopause crossings to various indented and non‐indented analytical models. The results show that while all models describe the magnetopause position and shape equivalently far from the cusp region, the non‐indented version over‐estimate the radial position of the near‐cusp magnetopause. Among indented models, we show that the one designed from non‐linearmagneto hydrodynamic simulations fits well the near‐cusp magnetopause location, while the other underestimate its position probably because their design was possibly based on magnetopause crossing catalogs that contain cusp inner boundary crossings.
Representing Global Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux in Earth System Models
Authors: Tan Zeli , Leung L. Ruby , Li Hong‐Yi , Cohen Sagy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil erosion produces enormous amounts of sediment, carbon, and nutrient fluxes from land to rivers, thus playing crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles and food security. To predict soil erosion in the context of climate and land use changes, we explicitly parameterize cropland management actions (i.e., irrigation, conserved agriculture, and crop residue management) and geological factors (i.e., lithology and glacier) in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) soil erosion module. The erosion model is calibrated using a global‐scale regionalized parameter calibration method. The spatial variabilities of the modeled and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) based benchmark soil erosion are consistent across vegetation, climate and soil properties. Compared with independent data, our model shows a bias reduction in 59% of the observations relative to the RUSLE‐based soil erosion, with 53% of the bias reduction exceeding 50%. This improvement is mainly due to a better representation of the topographic effect on soil erosion. Our results indicate that conserved agriculture practices have effectively reduced soil erosion in cropland by over 25% in the United States and Argentina. In contrast, irrigation has increased soil erosion in many Asian countries. For upland sediment flux, our model is consistent with the WBMsed benchmark data in inter‐basin variability but could be more skillful in simulating intra‐basin variability because it couples soil erosion and sediment flux explicitly. The developed model provides useful skills for more realistic predictions of soil erosion and river sediment dynamics under environmental changes.
Use of Abstraction and Discharge Data to Improve the Performance of a National‐Scale Hydrological Model
Authors: Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Bell Victoria A. , Brown Matthew J. , Davies Helen N. , Kay Alison L. , Rudd Alison C. , Sefton Catherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcross the UK, water abstracted from ground, surface, and tidal stores is regulated through a system of licenses to protect both the sources and the environment. Similar permits are required for discharging wastewater to rivers or onto the ground. These abstractions and discharges can have a significant impact on UK Rivers, but measurements are not readily available, which discourages their use in hydrological models of river flows. However, these very unique data sets provide a means to improve the performance of spatially distributed hydrological models, particularly during periods when abstraction regulations change and at ungauged river locations. To demonstrate this, point source abstraction and discharge measurements across England have been transformed into 1 × 1 km resolution gridded data and used with an enhanced formulation of the Grid‐to‐Grid (G2G) hydrological model where these processes are mathematically represented. A comparison of G2G‐simulated and gauged river flows for 605 catchments across England between 1999 and 2014 indicates that model simulation of river flows is generally improved at gauged locations downstream of abstraction/discharge sites. The main improvement is in the simulation of low flows, for which the median performance is improved by 10.7%, however, the impact on simulation of high river flows is more modest (1.5% improvement). These results demonstrate the potential gains available to the international hydrological and land‐surface modeling community from using records of actual water use (where available) in models, in place of more widely used national statistics.
Cytoplasmic innate immune sensing by the caspase-4 non-canonical inflammasome promotes cellular senescence
Authors: Fernández-Duran Irene , Quintanilla Andrea , Tarrats Núria , Birch Jodie , Hari Priya , Millar Fraser R. , Lagnado Anthony B. , Smer-Barreto Vanessa , Muir Morwenna , Brunton Valerie G. , Passos João F. , Acosta Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCytoplasmic recognition of microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in human cells is elicited by the caspase-4 and caspase-5 noncanonical inflammasomes, which induce a form of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Here we show that LPS-mediated activation of caspase-4 also induces a stress response promoting cellular senescence, which is dependent on the caspase-4 substrate gasdermin-D and the tumor suppressor p53. Furthermore, we found that the caspase-4 noncanonical inflammasome is induced and assembled in response to oncogenic RAS signaling during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Moreover, targeting caspase-4 expression in OIS showed its critical role in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the cell cycle arrest induced in cellular senescence. Finally, we observed that caspase-4 induction occurs in vivo in mouse models of tumor suppression and ageing. Altogether, we are showing that cellular senescence is induced by cytoplasmic LPS recognition by the noncanonical inflammasome and that this pathway is conserved in the cellular response to oncogenic stress.
Secondary organic aerosol association with cardiorespiratory disease mortality in the United States
Authors: Pye Havala O. T. , Ward-Caviness Cavin K. , Murphy Ben N. , Appel K. Wyat , Seltzer Karl M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFine particle pollution, PM2.5, is associated with increased risk of death from cardiorespiratory diseases. A multidecadal shift in the United States (U.S.) PM2.5composition towards organic aerosol as well as advances in predictive algorithms for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) allows for novel examinations of the role of PM2.5components on mortality. Here we show SOA is strongly associated with county-level cardiorespiratory death rates in the U.S. independent of the total PM2.5mass association with the largest associations located in the southeastern U.S. Compared to PM2.5, county-level variability in SOA across the U.S. is associated with 3.5× greater per capita county-level cardiorespiratory mortality. On a per mass basis, SOA is associated with a 6.5× higher rate of mortality than PM2.5, and biogenic and anthropogenic carbon sources both play a role in the overall SOA association with mortality. Our results suggest reducing the health impacts of PM2.5requires consideration of SOA.