bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STING suppresses bone cancer pain via immune and neuronal modulation
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Donnelly Christopher R. , Jiang Changyu , Liao Yihan , Luo Xin , Tao Xueshu , Bang Sangsu , McGinnis Aidan , Lee Michael , Hilton Matthew J. , Ji Ru-Rong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with advanced stage cancers frequently suffer from severe pain as a result of bone metastasis and bone destruction, for which there is no efficacious treatment. Here, using multiple mouse models of bone cancer, we report that agonists of the immune regulator STING (stimulator of interferon genes) confer remarkable protection against cancer pain, bone destruction, and local tumor burden. Repeated systemic administration of STING agonists robustly attenuates bone cancer-induced pain and improves locomotor function. Interestingly, STING agonists produce acute pain relief through direct neuronal modulation. Additionally, STING agonists protect against local bone destruction and reduce local tumor burden through modulation of osteoclast and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, providing long-term cancer pain relief. Finally, these in vivo effects are dependent on host-intrinsic STING and IFN-I signaling. Overall, STING activation provides unique advantages in controlling bone cancer pain through distinct and synergistic actions on nociceptors, immune cells, and osteoclasts.
Correlative 3D microscopy of single cells using super-resolution and scanning ion-conductance microscopy
Authors: Navikas Vytautas , Leitao Samuel M. , Grussmayer Kristin S. , Descloux Adrien , Drake Barney , Yserentant Klaus , Werther Philipp , Herten Dirk-Peter , Wombacher Richard , Radenovic Aleksandra , Fantner Georg E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh-resolution live-cell imaging is necessary to study complex biological phenomena. Modern fluorescence microscopy methods are increasingly combined with complementary, label-free techniques to put the fluorescence information into the cellular context. The most common high-resolution imaging approaches used in combination with fluorescence imaging are electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy (AFM), originally developed for solid-state material characterization. AFM routinely resolves atomic steps, however on soft biological samples, the forces between the tip and the sample deform the fragile membrane, thereby distorting the otherwise high axial resolution of the technique. Here we present scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) as an alternative approach for topographical imaging of soft biological samples, preserving high axial resolution on cells. SICM is complemented with live-cell compatible super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). To demonstrate the capabilities of our method we show correlative 3D cellular maps with SOFI implementation in both 2D and 3D with self-blinking dyes for two-color high-order SOFI imaging. Finally, we employ correlative SICM/SOFI microscopy for visualizing actin dynamics in live COS-7 cells with subdiffraction-resolution.
Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations
Authors: Jani Bhautesh D. , Ho Frederick K. , Lowe David J. , Traynor Jamie P. , MacBride-Stewart Sean P. , Mark Patrick B. , Mair Frances S. , Pell Jill P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany western countries used shielding (extended self-isolation) of people presumed to be at high-risk from COVID-19 to protect them and reduce healthcare demand. To investigate the effectiveness of this strategy, we linked family practitioner, prescribing, laboratory, hospital and death records and compared COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded individuals in the West of Scotland. Of the 1.3 million population, 27,747 (2.03%) were advised to shield, and 353,085 (26.85%) were classified a priori as moderate risk. COVID-19 testing was more common in the shielded (7.01%) and moderate risk (2.03%) groups, than low risk (0.73%). Referent to low-risk, the shielded group had higher confirmed infections (RR 8.45, 95% 7.44–9.59), case-fatality (RR 5.62, 95% CI 4.47–7.07) and population mortality (RR 57.56, 95% 44.06–75.19). The moderate-risk had intermediate confirmed infections (RR 4.11, 95% CI 3.82–4.42) and population mortality (RR 25.41, 95% CI 20.36–31.71) but, due to their higher prevalence, made the largest contribution to deaths (PAF 75.30%). Age ≥ 70 years accounted for 49.55% of deaths. In conclusion, in spite of the shielding strategy, high risk individuals were at increased risk of death. Furthermore, to be effective as a population strategy, shielding criteria would have needed to be widely expanded to include other criteria, such as the elderly.
Sarcopenia, severe anxiety and increased C-reactive protein are associated with severe fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Tasson Laura , Zingone Fabiana , Barberio Brigida , Valentini Romina , Ballotta Pamela , Ford Alexander C. , Scarpa Marco , Angriman Imerio , Fassan Matteo , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report fatigue more frequently than healthy population, but the precise mechanisms underlying its presence are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue in IBD and its relation with potential causative factors. A survey on fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and the presence of sarcopenia and malnutrition, was sent by email to 244 IBD outpatients of the Gastroenterology Unit of Academic Hospital of Padua.Demographics and clinical data, including the levels of fecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and current pharmacological treatments were obtained from patients’ medical records. Ninety-nine (40.5%) subjects answered the survey. Ninety-two (92.9%) patients reported fatigue, with sixty-six having mild to moderate fatigue and twenty-six severe fatigue. Multivariate analysis showed that abnormal values of CRP (OR 5.1), severe anxiety (OR 3.7) and sarcopenia (OR 4.4) were the factors independently associated with severe fatigue. Fatigue has a high prevalence in subject affected by IBD. Subjects with altered CRP, sarcopenia and severe anxiety appear more at risk of severe fatigue.
Association of CNR1 and INSIG2 polymorphisms with antipsychotics-induced weight gain: a prospective nested case–control study
Authors: Jimeno Natalia , Velasco-Gonzalez Veronica , Fierro Inmaculada , Duran Mercedes , Carvajal Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWeight gain is a frequent and severe adverse reaction in patients taking antipsychotics. The objective was to further investigate in a natural setting influential risk factors associated with clinically significant weight gain. An observational follow-up study was conducted. Patients when initiating treatment with whatever antipsychotic were included; a structured questionnaire was applied at baseline, 3 and 6 months later; a blood sample was obtained. In a nested case–control approach, patients with an increase ≥ 7% of their initial weight were considered as cases, the remaining, as controls. The results showed that, out of 185 patients, 137 completed the 6-month follow-up (cases, 38; controls, 99). Weight gain gradually and significantly increased in cases (baseline, 65.0 kg; 6 months, 74.0 kg) but not in controls (65.6 kg and 65.8 kg, respectively). Age (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99, p = 0.004), olanzapine (adjusted OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.13–7.80, p = 0.027) and quetiapine (adjusted OR = 0.25, 95% = 0.07–0.92, p = 0.037) significantly associated with weight gain. An association was also found for the CNR1 (rs1049353) and INSIG2 (rs7566605) polymorphisms. In conclusion, an increased risk of antipsychotics-induced weight gain was observed for younger age and olanzapine, and a relative lower risk for quetiapine. A potential role of CNR1 rs1049353 and INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphisms is suggested.
Knockdown screening of chromatin binding and regulatory proteins in zebrafish identified Suz12b as a regulator of tfpia and an antithrombotic drug target
Authors: Raman Revathi , Fallatah Weam , Al Qaryoute Ayah , Dhinoja Sanchi , Jagadeeswaran Pudur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an anticoagulant protein that inhibits factor VIIa and Xa in the coagulation cascade. It has been shown that forkhead box P3 protein is a TFPI transcriptional repressor. However, there are no studies on chromatin remodeling that control TFPI expression. We hypothesized that the genome-wide knockdowns of the chromatin binding and regulatory proteins (CBRPs) in zebrafish could identify novel tfpia gene regulators. As an initial step, we selected 69 CBRP genes from the list of zebrafish thrombocyte-expressed genes. We then performed a 3-gene piggyback knockdown screen of these 69 genes, followed by quantification of tfpia mRNA levels. The results revealed that knockdown of brd7, ing2, ing3, ing4, and suz12b increased tfpia mRNA levels. The simultaneous knockdown of these 5 genes also increased tfpia mRNA levels. We also performed individual gene and simultaneous 5-gene knockdowns on the 5 genes in zebrafish larvae. We found that after laser injury, it took a longer time for the formation of the thrombus to occlude the caudal vessel compared to the control larvae. We then treated the larvae and adults with a chemical UNC6852 known to proteolytically degrade polycomb repressor complex 2, where SUZ12 is a member, and observed prolongation of time to occlude (TTO) the caudal vein after laser injury and increased tfpia mRNA levels in larvae and adults, respectively. In summary, our results have identified novel epigenetic regulators for tfpia and exploited this information to discover a drug that enhances tfpia mRNA levels and prolongation of TTO. This discovery provides the basis for testing whether UNC6852 could be used as an antithrombotic drug. This approach could be used to study the regulation of other plasma proteins, including coagulant and anticoagulant factors.
The effectiveness of the use of augmented reality in anatomy education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bölek Kerem A. , De Jong Guido , Henssen Dylan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of Augmented Reality (AR) in anatomical education has been promoted by numerous authors. Next to financial and ethical advantages, AR has been described to decrease cognitive load while increasing student motivation and engagement. Despite these advantages, the effects of AR on learning outcome varies in different studies and an overview and aggregated outcome on learning anatomy is lacking. Therefore, a meta-analysis on the effect of AR vs. traditional anatomical teaching methods on learning outcome was performed. Systematic database searches were conducted by two independent investigators using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This yielded five papers for meta-analysis totaling 508 participants; 240 participants in the AR-groups and 268 participants in the control groups. (306 females/202 males). Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in anatomic test scores between the AR group and the control group (− 0.765 percentage-points (%-points); P = 0.732). Sub analysis on the use of AR vs. the use of traditional 2D teaching methods showed a significant disadvantage when using AR (− 5.685%-points; P = 0.024). Meta-regression analysis showed no significant co-relation between mean difference in test results and spatial abilities (as assessed by the mental rotations test scores). Student motivation and/or engagement could not be included since studies used different assessment tools. This meta-analysis showed that insufficient evidence is present to conclude AR significantly impacts learning outcome and that outcomes are significantly impacted by students’ spatial abilities. However, only few papers were suitable for meta-analysis, indicating that there is a need for more well-designed, randomized-controlled trials on AR in anatomy education research.
On detour index of cycloparaphenylene and polyphenylene molecular structures
Authors: Prabhu S. , Nisha Y. Sherlin , Arulperumjothi M. , Jeba D. Sagaya Rani , Manimozhi V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCycloparaphenylene is a particle that comprises a few benzene rings associated with covalent bonds in the para positions to frame a ring-like structure. Similarly, poly (para-phenylenes) are macromolecules that include benzenoid compounds straightforwardly joined to each other by C–C bonds. Because of their remarkable architectural highlights, these structures have fascinated attention from numerous vantage focuses. Descriptors are among the most fundamental segments of prescient quantitative structure-activity and property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) demonstrating examination. They encode chemical data of particles as quantitative numbers, which are utilized to create a mathematical correlation. The nature of a predictive model relies upon great demonstrating insights, yet additionally on the extraction of compound highlights. To a great extent, Molecular topology has exhibited its adequacy in portraying sub-atomic structures and anticipating their properties. It follows a two-dimensional methodology, just thinking about the interior plan, including molecules. Explicit subsets speak the design of every atom of topological descriptors. When all around picked, these descriptors give a unique method of describing an atomic system that can represent the most significant highlights of the molecular structure. Detour index is one such topological descriptor with much application in chemistry, especially in QSAR/QSPR studies. This article presents an exact analytical expression for the detour index of cycloparaphenylene and poly (para-phenylene).
Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Swamy Basavalingayya K. , Hosamani Ravikumar , Sathasivam Malarvizhi , Chandrashekhar S. S. , Reddy Uday G. , Moger Narayan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.
Cognitive map formation through haptic and visual exploration of tactile city-like maps
Authors: Ottink Loes , Hoogendonk Marit , Doeller Christian F. , Van der Geest Thea M. , Van Wezel Richard J. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we compared cognitive map formation of small-scale models of city-like environments presented in visual or tactile/haptic modalities. Previous research often addresses only a limited amount of cognitive map aspects. We wanted to combine several of these aspects to elucidate a more complete view. Therefore, we assessed different types of spatial information, and consider egocentric as well as allocentric perspectives. Furthermore, we compared haptic map learning with visual map learning. In total 18 sighted participants (9 in a haptic condition, 9 visuo-haptic) learned three tactile maps of city-like environments. The maps differed in complexity, and had five marked locations associated with unique items. Participants estimated distances between item pairs, rebuilt the map, recalled locations, and navigated two routes, after learning each map. All participants overall performed well on the spatial tasks. Interestingly, only on the complex maps, participants performed worse in the haptic condition than the visuo-haptic, suggesting no distinct advantage of vision on the simple map. These results support ideas of modality-independent representations of space. Although it is less clear on the more complex maps, our findings indicate that participants using only haptic or a combination of haptic and visual information both form a quite accurate cognitive map of a simple tactile city-like map.
Effect of lighting illuminance and colour temperature on mental workload in an office setting
Authors: Bao Jiayi , Song Xinbo , Li Yan , Bai Yinjie , Zhou Qianxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mental workload of subjects was tested under different lighting conditions, with colour temperatures ranging from 3000 to 6500 K and illuminance ranging from 300 to 1000 lx. We used both psychological and physiological responses for evaluation. The former was based on NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX, NASA), and the latter was based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) P3b analysis of event-related potentials using the “oddball” paradigm experimental task. The results show that as illuminance increases, and the response time becomes longer with a colour temperature of 3000 K (P < 0.01). However, when the colour temperature is set at 6500 K, the response time becomes shorter as the illuminance increases (P < 0.01). P3b amplitudes were significantly affected by colour temperature (P = 0.009) and illuminance (P = 0.038) levels. The highest amplitudes occurred at 3000 K and 750 lx, which is consistent with the trend shown by the subjective scale. The data analysis of error rates is not significant. These results suggest that an office environment with a colour temperature of 3000 K and illumination of 750 lx, which exerts the lowest mental workload, is the most suitable for working. However, the interaction between colour temperature and illuminance in affecting the mental workload of participants is not clear. This work provides more appropriate lighting choices with colour temperature and illuminance to reduce people’s mental workload in office settings.
Self-Reported Reasons for the Non-Use of Hearing Aids Among Hispanic Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Desjardins Jamie L. , Sotelo Loren R. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To examine the self-reported reasons for the non-use of hearing aids among Mexican–American Hispanic adults who have hearing loss.

Method
A total of 122 Hispanic adults with hearing loss, who did not currently or previously use a hearing aid, participated in this study. Participants completed a comprehensive hearing health questionnaire and the Hearing Handicap Inventory Screening Questionnaire to examine the possible reasons for the non-use of hearing aids.

Results
Self-reported hearing loss, hearing handicap score, and health insurance status were the best predictors of an individual's willingness to use hearing aids to treat their hearing loss. The primary reasons cited for the non-use of hearing aids among Hispanics with hearing loss was the belief that their hearing impairment was not severe enough to warrant using a hearing aid and that hearing aids were unaffordable.

Conclusions
Greater public health education regarding the deleterious effects of untreated hearing loss and the positive impact of amplification on cognitive, social, and psychological health may be warranted to improve the usage rates of hearing aids in Hispanic adults.
Effect of Oral Motor Intervention on Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Danna , Yang Zhen , Chen Chujie , Wang Pu 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis review article aimed to explore the effect of oral motor intervention on oral feeding in preterm infants through a meta-analysis.MethodEligible studies were retrieved from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to July 2020 and screened based on established selection criteria. Thereafter, relevant data were extracted and heterogeneity tests were conducted to select appropriate effect models according to the chi-square test andI2statistics. Assessment of risk of bias was performed among the included studies. Finally, a meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention in preterm infants according to four clinical indicators: transition time for oral feeding, length of hospital stay, feeding efficiency, and weight gain.ResultsEighteen randomized controlled trials with 848 participants were selected to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention on preterm infants. The meta-analysis results revealed that oral motor intervention could effectively reduce the transition time to full oral feeds and the length of hospital stay as well as increase feeding efficiency and weight gain.ConclusionsOral motor intervention was an effective way to improve oral feeding in preterm infants. It is worthy to be used widely in hospitals to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants and reduce the economic burdens of families and society. Future studies should seek to identify detailed intervention processes and intervention durations for clinical application.
An adaptive sliding‐mode resilient control strategy in smart grid under mixed attacks
Authors: Li Jian , Yang De‐Fu , Gao Yan‐Chao , Huang Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with security problems for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) under dynamic load altering attacks (DLAA) and false data injection attacks (FDIA). The smart grid, as a typical CPS system, is taken as an example in this paper. Since the communication channel is vulnerable to FDIA and DLAA, the stability of the smart grid may be influenced. For enhancing resilience and stability of smart grids, first of all, the power system model including both DLAA and FDIA is introduced. Second, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed. The controller can ensure the reliable operation of the power system in the case of unknown attack information by using the adaptive mechanism online estimating the upper bound of attack signal to automatically eliminate the effect of mixed attacks. Finally, a power system with three generators and six buses is taken as an illustrative example, and simulation and experiment results obtained by using MATLAB and Hardware‐in‐time platform built by Sartsim verify the effectiveness of the proposed resilient defense strategy.