bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Pediatric Operative Recreational Trauma: A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Sports-Related Facial Fractures
Authors: Cepeda Alfredo , Konty Logan A. , Moffitt Joseph K. , Wainwright D’Arcy , Booth Justin H. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In the United States, most school-aged children participate in some form of organized sports. Despite the advantages to social and physical development that organized sports may have, these activities also place a significant number of America's youth at risk for facial injuries. Pediatric facial fractures resulting from sports trauma are well documented within pediatric literature. Despite knowledge of the importance of safety equipment, there is a continued need for increased awareness about fracture patterns resulting from sports injuries to develop better strategies for their prevention.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all pediatric patients (age <18) who presented to Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital as a level 1 trauma between January 2006 and December 2015 with radiologically confirmed facial fractures was performed. Data regarding patient demographic information, mechanism of injury, facial fracture location, associated injuries, hospital course, and need for surgical intervention was collected.

Results:
Of the 1274 patients reviewed, 135 (10.59%) were found to have facial fractures resulting from sports trauma and were included in our cohort. The median age was 14 with 77.8% of the cohort being male. The most common fractures identified were orbital (n = 75), mandibular (n = 42), nasal (n = 27), maxilla (n = 26). Fractures were more frequently related to involvement in baseball/softball and bicycling n = 46 and n = 31 respectively. Eighty-two (60.74%) patients required admission, 6 requiring ICU level care, 70 (51.85%) were found to require surgery. There were 14 patients who were found to have a concomitant skull fracture and 6 with TBI. There were no fatalities in this cohort of patients.

Conclusion:
Pediatric facial fractures occur in the same anatomic locations as adult facial fractures. However, their frequency, severity, and treatment vary because of important anatomical and developmental differences in these populations. Despite available knowledge on this subject and increased use of protective equipment, pediatric facial fractures continue to occur with similar distribution as historically described. While sports participation confers numerous benefits, it is vital that we continue researching pediatric facial trauma and associated fractures to develop protective equipment and protocols to mitigate the risks of these activities.
Global Research on Maxillofacial Fracture Over the Last 40 Years: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Tekin Ahmet M. , Bahşi Ilhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Maxillofacial injuries are widely investigated worldwide as it consists a significant portion of trauma patients. Many researchers from various regions have reported the clinical and statistical analyses of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) as the statistical data of MMFs are of great importance for both effective control and prevention of these cases. The number of studies concerning the diagnosis and treatment modalities of MFFs has significantly increased over the years. The bibliometric method was used to analyze publication outputs, countries, journals, most citations, and trends. In this study, the bibliometric analysis method was used in the publications related to MFFs published between 1980 and 2019, which were Science Citation Index Expanded indexed in the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis is applied to evaluate existing data in an evidence-based manner. The highest number of scientific articles on MFFs came from the USA, which was also the most cited country among others. When the distribution of the words in abstracts and titles by years was examined, it was seen that there was a significant change in the words “navigation,” “computer,” and “technology” between 2009 and 2012. The authors predict that our study would provide a novel perspective to the studies about MFFs and contribute to the researchers about the limits of the topic, and being aware of the active journals that publish the papers on this issue would facilitate the work of the researchers.
Biomechanical Impact of a Zygoma Complex Fracture Using Human Cadaver
Authors: Ip Kenneth K.C. , You Peng , Ferreira Louis M. , Moore Corey C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures are common in midface trauma, with treatment often involving repair using titanium mini plates. However, the need for plate fixation along the zygomaticomaxillary suture on the infraorbital rim remains controversial. This study utilized a previously reported bite force simulator to investigate craniofacial strain patterns following zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture repairs with and without plating of the infraorbital rim. Osteotomies were made to 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric heads to simulate 2 types of zygomatic complex fractures: a dipod fracture with osteotomies at the zygomaticofrontal and zygomaticomaxillary sutures, and a tripod fracture with an additional osteotomies at the zygomaticotemporal suture. Repairs with and without the use of a titanium mini plate across the infraorbital rim were compared in both dipod and tripod fractures. Physiologically proportional masticatory loads were applied using the bite force simulator by actuating intrinsic muscle lines of action. The outcome metric was facial bone strains measured using uniaxial strain gauges. Mixed-effects linear models did not find a significant main effect on the overall strain pattern with the use of an infraorbital rim plate in both dipod (P = 0.198) and tripod (P = 0.117) fracture repairs. However, statistically significant differences were found locally at the zygomatic buttress (P = 0.019) and the zygomatic arch (P = 0.027) on the fractured side in dipod fractures. This is the first known study that successfully utilized a mechanical simulator to reproduce physiological intrinsic masticatory loads in a fracture fixation study. This new technology opens avenues for future biomechanical investigations on maxillofacial fracture repairs and other surgical treatments.
Empowerment of Parents of Children With Cleft Lip and Palate by Objective Scoring of Patient Information Websites
Authors: Rangaraju Madu , Lloyd Mark Sheldon , Khan Khurram 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Whether a new diagnosis or for ongoing care, the Internet is now an established and massively frequented resource for parents and patients with cleft lip and/or palate. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between the first 50 ranked websites for cleft lip and palate via the Google search engine versus those ranked with an objective patient information scoring tool.

Methods:
The first 50 websites ranked by Google were recorded for the search items “Cleft Lip,” “Cleft Palate” and “Cleft Lip and Palate.” Quality assessment was performed using the DISCERN score, an objective and validated patient information website scoring tool. The Google rank was compared to the DISCERN rank to assess for correlation. The top five websites for each search item were then ranked by blinded cleft health professionals for quality.

Results:
Based on Google ranking, 36% of websites were the same across the search terms used. The DISCERN ranking scores demonstrated no evidence of positive or negative correlation when compared to Google ranking. In the top 10 DISCERN ranked websites for each search item, 4 websites appear in the top 10 Google rankings.

Conclusion:
This is the first study that demonstrates that high-quality information on cleft lip and palate is available on the Internet. However, this may be difficult and confusing for parents and patients to access due to the ranking system used by internet search engines. Cleft healthcare professionals should be aware of these problems when recommending websites to families and patients
Severity of Airway Obstruction May Not Correlate With Weight Gain or Failure to Thrive in Infants With Robin Sequence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Boyajian Michael K. , Rana Md Sohel , Bryant Justin R. , Salinero Lauren , Tan Pamela , Rada Erin M. , Boyajian Michael J. , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Patients with Robin sequence (RS) can present with varying degrees of upper airway obstruction, difficulty maintaining adequate weight gain, and failure to thrive (FTT). Although inductive reasoning would suggest that these issues should be interrelated, the relationships between these factors have not been formally studied. This investigation explores the correlation between polysomnographic (PSG) findings, weight gain, and FTT in patients with RS.

Design:
A prospective database for baseline PSG parameters and serial weight measurements in infants with RS who were admitted for airway obstruction was reviewed. The association between PSG variables and calorie intake with FTT was assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Categorical analysis of the PSG variables against FTT was explored with a Poisson regression, and linear regression was performed to evaluate the correlation between PSG parameters and percentage of weight gain.

Results:
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression in RS patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 20) FTT showed no significant association between apnea-hypopnea index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.99, P-value = 0.403), O2 nadir (aOR: 0.98, P-value = 0.577), time of O2 saturation below 90% (aOR: 1.03, P-value = 0.574), maximum end tidal carbon dioxide (aOR: 1.0, P-value = 0.977), and average calorie intake (OR:1.02; P-value = 0.984). Furthermore, no significant associations were identified between these variables and weight gain.

Conclusions:
This pilot study questions the widely held and intuitively logical belief that poor weight gain and/or FTT should correlate with the severity of upper airway obstruction in patients with RS. Large prospective investigations should be initiated to better explore the authors’ findings. Our results also underscore the importance of individualized treatment for these challenging patients.
Bypass Surgery to Treat Giant Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Benlin , Li Qi , Shi Minggang , Tong Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2021

Background:
With the development of bypass technique, more and more complex aneurysms can be treated with bypass surgery. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bypass in patients with giant cavernous carotid aneurysms (GCCAs). To further discuss the treatment of asymptomatic GCCAs.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed our experience of the internal carotid artery (ICA) ligation/constriction combined with high/low-flow bypass surgery in the treatment of GCCAs.

Results:
Among the entire cohort, 4 patients underwent ICA ligation combined with high-flow bypass, 7 patients underwent ICA ligation/constriction combined with low-flow bypass. The postoperative symptom improvement: of 9 patients with preoperative ophthalmoplegia, the symptom resolved in 2 patients, improved in 7 patients, of 7 patients with preoperative pain, the symptom resolved in 2 patients, improved in 4 patients and was unchanged in 1 patient. The results of following-up were measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). During the follow-up, there were 9 patients with mRS score 0 to 1, 1 patient with mRS score 2, and 1 patient with mRS score 3. The long-term graft patency rate was 100%. All patients had no recurrence of intracranial aneurysm.

Conclusions:
Bypass surgery is a safe and effective method to treat GCCAs. Because of the risk of GCCAs and the improvement of bypass surgery technology, active surgical strategies should be adopted for asymptomatic or mild symptomatic GCCAs.
An Extended 45-year Long-term Follow-up on a 1–13 Rare Facial Cleft Patient
Authors: Raposo-Amaral Cassio Eduardo , Oliveira Yuri Moresco , Denadai Rafael , Ghizoni Enrico , Raposo-Amaral Cesar Augusto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present here the unique case of a patient with a Tessier 1-13 rare facial cleft accompanied by cleft lip and palate and Tessier grade 2 hypertelorism. The patient described in this article has a twin brother who shares a number of genetic traits and physical features but does not present facial cleft or hypertelorism. The 45-year follow-up in this case is believed to be the longest follow-up to date to have been reported in the literature, and sheds significant light on the importance of extended longitudinal follow-up to maximize patient outcomes.
Long-term Dependency Outcomes in Older Adults Following Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery for Cancer
Authors: Bennett Sean , Chesney Tyler , Coburn Natalie , Zuk Victoria , Haas Barbara , Zhao Haoyu , Hsu Amy , Mahar Alyson , Hallet Julie ,   members of the REcovery after Surgical Therapy for Older adults Research – Cancer (RESTORE-Cancer) group
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To evaluate healthcare dependency following hepatopancreato-biliary cancer surgery in older adults (OA).

Summary Background Data:
Functional outcomes are central to decisionmaking by OA, but long-term risks of dependency have not been described beyond 1 year in this population.

Methods:
All patients over age 70 undergoing hepatectomy or pancreatec-tomy for cancer between 2007 and 2017 in Ontario were analyzed. Outcomes were 1) receipt of homecare and 2) time at home. Homecare was analyzed with cumulative incidence functions, and time at home with Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate models.

Results:
A total of 902 and 1283 patients underwent hepatectomy and pancreatectomy, respectively. Homecare use was highest (72.3%) in postoperative month-1, decreasing to stabilize between year-1 (25.5%) and year-5 (18.3%). Repeated receipt of homecare was associated with female sex (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.32), receipt of adjuvant therapy (HR 1.56, 1.37–1.78), and more recent year of surgery (HR 3.80, 3.05–4.72). The ratio of home nursing care versus personal support services reversed from 68%/26% in year-1, to 29/64% in year-5. High time at home (>350 days) at 1 and 5 years were 40.6% (95% CI 38.5%–42.6%) and 28.1% (25.9%–30.3%), respectively. The ratio of institution-days in acute care versus nursing homes went from 77%/14% in year-1 to 23%/70% in year-5. Low time at home was associated with duodenal (HR 1.45, 1.15–1.70) and pancreas cancer (HR 1.20, 1.02–1.42), and with rural residence (HR 1.24, 1.04–1.48). High time at home was associated with more recent year of surgery (HR 0.84, 0.76–0.93) and perioperative cancer therapy (HR 0.88, 0.78–0.99). Increasing age was neither associated with homecare receipt nor time at home.

Conclusions:
Following hepatopancreatobiliary cancer surgery, there is a high rate of long-term healthcare dependency for OA. There is an immediate high need for homecare that reaches a new baseline after 6 months, and the majority of OA will have at least 1 year with low time at home, most commonly the first year. These findings can aid in preoperative preparation and transitional care planning.
Driving Habits of Older Adults
Authors: Bhojak Tejal , Jia Yichen , Jacobsen Erin , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
To describe factors associated with driving history, habits, and self-reported driving difficulties of 1982 older adults in a population-based survey.

Setting:
This was a community setting.

Participants:
Age-stratified random population sample drawn from publicly available voter registration list.

Design:
Participants underwent assessments including cognitive testing and self-reported current and past driving status, instrumental activities of daily living, self-rated health, social supports, physical limitations, and depressive symptoms. We built multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with never having driven, having ceased driving, and reporting difficulties while driving.

Results:
In the multivariable model, “never drivers” were more likely than “ever drivers” to be older, female, less educated and to leave home less frequently. Former drivers were significantly older, more likely to be women, have lower test performance in the cognitive domain of attention, have more instrumental activity of daily living difficulties, leave home less frequently and have visual field deficits in the right eye than current drivers. Current drivers with reported driving difficulties were more likely than those without difficulties to have lower test performance in attention but higher in memory, were more likely to report depressive symptoms and to have both vision and hearing loss.

Conclusion:
Age, female sex, marital status, and education appear to be associated with driving cessation. Cognitive and functional impairments, mood symptoms and physical health also seem to influence driving cessation and reduction. Our findings may have implications for clinicians in assessing and educating their patients and families on driving safety.
Emerging infectious encephalitides
Authors: Venkatesan Arun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has cast increased attention on emerging infections. Clinicians and public health experts should be aware of emerging infectious causes of encephalitis, mechanisms by which they are transmitted, and clinical manifestations of disease.

Recent findings
A number of arthropod-borne viral infections -- transmitted chiefly by mosquitoes and ticks -- have emerged in recent years to cause outbreaks of encephalitis. Examples include Powassan virus in North America, Chikungunya virus in Central and South America, and tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe. Many of these viruses exhibit complex life cycles and can infect multiple host animals in addition to humans. Factors thought to influence emergence of these diseases, including changes in climate and land use, are also believed to underlie the emergence of the rickettsial bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, now recognized as a major causative agent of acute encephalitis syndrome in South Asia. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of bats as carriers of viruses. Recent studies have begun to uncover mechanisms by which the immune systems of bats are poised to allow for viral tolerance. Several bat-borne infections, including Nipah virus and Ebola virus, have resulted in recent outbreaks of encephalitis.

Summary
Infectious causes of encephalitis continue to emerge worldwide, in part because of climate change and human impacts on the environment. Expansion of surveillance measures will be critical in rapid diagnosis and limiting of outbreaks in the future.
Development of Moore Swab and Ultrafiltration Concentration and Detection Methods for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in Wastewater and Application in Kolkata, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Liu Pengbo , Ibaraki Makoto , Kapoor Renuka , Amin Nuhu , Das Abhishek , Miah Md. Rana , Mukhopadhyay Asish K , Rahman Mahbubur , Dutta Shanta , Moe Christine L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnteric fever is a severe systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (ST) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (SPA). Detection of ST and SPA in wastewater can be used as a surveillance strategy to determine burden of infection and identify priority areas for water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions and vaccination campaigns. However, sensitive and specific detection of ST and SPA in environmental samples has been challenging. In this study, we developed and validated two methods for concentrating and detecting ST/SPA from wastewater: the Moore swab trap method for qualitative results, and ultrafiltration (UF) for sensitive quantitative detection, coupled with qPCR. We then applied these methods for ST and SPA wastewater surveillance in Kolkata, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh, two enteric fever endemic areas. The qPCR assays had a limit of detection of 17 equivalent genome copies (EGC) for ST and 25 EGC for SPA with good reproducibility. In seeded trials, the Moore swab method had a limit of detection of approximately 0.05-0.005 cfu/mL for both ST and SPA. In 53 Moore swab samples collected from three Kolkata pumping stations between September 2019 to March 2020, ST was detected in 69.8% and SPA was detected in 20.8%. Analysis of sewage samples seeded with known amount of ST and SPA and concentrated via the UF method, followed by polyethylene glycol precipitation and qPCR detection demonstrated that UF can effectively recover approximately 8 log10 cfu, 5 log10 cfu, and 3 log10 cfu of seeded ST and SPA in 5 L, 10 L, and 20 L of wastewater. Using the UF method in Dhaka, ST was detected in 26.7% (8/30) of 20 L drain samples with a range of 0.11-2.10 log10 EGC per 100 mL and 100% (4/4) of 20 L canal samples with a range of 1.02 - 2.02 log10 EGC per 100 mL. These results indicate that the Moore swab and UF methods provide sensitive presence/absence and quantitative detection of ST/SPA in wastewater samples, and these two methods can be used jointly or separately for Salmonella Typhi environmental surveillance.
Molecular portrait of prostate tissue probed by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Choubey Surya Kant , Mitra Amrita , Das Rajdeep , Rout Pritilata , Mandal Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common condition in aging men, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. BPH has been suggested to be a risk factor for certain urologic cancers, but the current evidence is inconsistent. The gold-standard method for the diagnosis of BPH is histopathology. Histopathology displays the cellular morphologies of tissues wherein characteristic changes pertaining specifically to BPH can be identified. However, the onset of BPH might be associated with minimal phenotypic changes in cellular morphologies in tissues that histopathology might not be able to detect successfully. Therefore, to understand the onset of a disease and its pathogenesis it is important to investigate the detailed molecular profiles associated with the disease that might help in the diagnosis and to understand the insights of the disease pathogenesis. Over the last decade, imaging mass spectrometry has been used to explore the spatial distribution and expression profiles of several molecules with their two-dimensional heterogeneity retained across the tissues. In the present study, using MALDI mass spectrometry based tissue imaging platform, we observed the expression of several proteins across human prostate tissue sections diagnosed with BPH. The proteins were identified and characterized using tissue proteomics approach. We could successfully identify the on-tissue distribution of ribonuclease T2, vinculin, isoform 2 of tropomyosin alpha-3 chain and mitochondrial citrate synthase proteins using this approach. Therefore, imaging mass spectrometry might be a potential tool to complement the findings of histopathology in diagnosis of BPH in human prostate tissues.