bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Irrigation Modalities (Irrigation Management and Dryland), Fruit Ripening, and Cultivation Modality (Organic and Conventional) on Quality and Chemosensory Profile of Hojiblanca and Picual Extra Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Ríos‐Reina Rocio , Camacho Francisco , Morales M. Lourdes , Jiménez‐Herrera Brígida , Callejón Raquel M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA study with controlled field and authentic samples of olives, obtained in similar conditions of soil, climate, region, harvest, and with the same cultivation techniques and considering simultaneously different agronomic factors (olive variety, fruit ripening degree, irrigation, and organic or conventional production system) is performed to evaluate their influence on quality and added value of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agronomical and physicochemical parameters, polyphenols, tocopherols, and fatty acid composition and volatile and sensory profiles are determined in Hojiblanca and Picual VOOs obtained from different fruit ripening degrees and different cultivation modalities (conventional with and without irrigation, and organic with irrigation). Among volatile compounds, 1‐hydroxy‐2‐propanone, (E)‐linalool oxide, and 2‐acetylfuran are described for the first time in EVOO. The variable that most influences the chemosensory composition of EVOOs is the variety, followed by the stage of ripeness, and, within each variety, the cultivation modality. Organic irrigation differ from conventional modalities, showing significant differences in acidity, stability, tocopherol and polyphenol contents, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes.Practical Applications: Results are of great importance, due to their applicability to the EVOO sector, allowing one to know the qualitative, chemical and organoleptic differences between organic and conventional EVOO, and factors that improve the quality and performance of EVOO.
Chemical and Biophysical Approaches to Allosteric Modulation
Authors: Civera Monica , Moroni Elisabetta , Sorrentino Luca , Vasile Francesca , Sattin Sara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllosteric regulation, i. e. the control exerted on an orthosteric site by an effector interacting at a distinct and distant site, represents a prime example of a precise tuning system of several key biological processes like gene transcription, cell adhesion and, most importantly, signal transduction. Since its discovery sixty years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have been extensively investigated. The aim of this minireview is to introduce the reader to the topic of protein allostery. In particular, we briefly overview the allosteric models postulated over the years and we describe the most relevant chemical and biophysical approaches reported so far for the identification of putative allosteric sites and/or for the investigation of allosteric signal propagation throughout the protein. An outlook of the main computational and experimental methods is followed by four case studies representative of different proteins classes: enzymes, hub proteins, cell receptors, and intrinsically disordered proteins.
Finite difference modified WENO schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws with non‐convex flux
Authors: Dond Asha K. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction provides higher‐order accurate solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws for convex flux. But it fails to capture composite structure in the case of non‐convex flux and converges to the wrong solution (Qiu & Shu SIAM J Sci Comput. 2008;31:584‐607). In this article, we have developed a Modified WENO (MWENO) scheme in the finite difference framework, which can resolve the composite structure and ensures the entropic convergence. The MWENO reconstruction procedure involves the identification of the troubled‐cells, followed by the use of first‐order monotone modification in the troubled‐cells and employ the fifth‐order WENO reconstruction in the non‐troubled cells. A new troubled‐cell indicator is developed using the information of the smoothness indicator of the WENO reconstruction. Numerical experiments are performed for 1D and 2D test cases, which ensure the entropic convergence of the proposed schemes.
Identifying mismatches of ecosystem services supply and demand under semi-arid conditions: The case of the Oasis City Urumqi, China
Authors: Shi Lei , Halik Ümüt , Mamat Zulpiya , Aishan Tayierjiang , Welp Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) is helpful for sustainable urban management. However, the interactions among multiple ESs supplies and demands remain under-researched, and ESs supply and demand spatial heterogeneity and correlation characteristics at the city level are rarely studied, especially in arid areas. To fill this gap, we established a comprehensive assessment framework of ESs supply and demand through integrating multi-source remote sensing data, social economy, and policy objectives, for the oasis city of Urumqi, China. The ESs supply–demand mismatches were revealed at the city level, and the spatial relationship between the ESs supply and demand was analyzed using spatial statistics. The results demonstrated that: (1) The total quantity of supply and demand of food provision, carbon sequestration, PM10 removal, and recreation services in Urumqi revealed that the demand was greater than the supply, the deficits being 16.10 × 107 kcal/ha, 6.88 × 104 t/ha, 155.86 kg/ha, and 697.26, respectively. (2) The supply and demand assessment of ESs revealed spatial differences from the city center to the suburbs, which further indicated that there are neighborhood similarities between the supply and demand of ESs. (3) The matching types of ESs supply and demand present obvious spatial heterogeneity, which can be divided into four types: High–high, high–low, low–high, and low–low. Owing to rapid urban development in the inner city, the city center is dominated by low–high, whereas the urban–rural ecotone is characterized by high–low, owing to the higher elevation and water resource advantages in the suburbs. Based on the analysis of the supply, demand, and matching of ESs, economic development and sustainable management policies are proposed for different ecological spaces. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1293–1304. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The ecosystem services (ESs) supply–demand mismatches were revealed at the city level in Urumqi, China. The spatial relationship between the ESs supply and demand was analyzed using spatial statistics. The supply and demand assessment of ESs revealed spatial differences and aggregation from the city center to the suburbs. The matching types of ESs supply and demand present obvious spatial heterogeneity.
Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
Authors: Johansson Jonas , Morseth Bente , Scott David , Strand Bjørn Heine , Hopstock Laila A. , Grimsgaard Sameline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an age‐related muscle disease primarily characterized by reductions in muscle strength that increases the risk of falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Exercise is currently preferred in prevention and treatment, but it is unknown how different habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns associate with sarcopenia status. The purpose of the present study was to compare associations of these patterns with probable sarcopenia in older adults.MethodsIn 3653 community‐dwelling participants (51% women) aged 60–84 years from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, we assessed objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour collected over 8 days (ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT Accelerometer), grip strength (Jamar+ Digital Dynamometer), five‐repetition chair stands, and self‐reported disease. We combined tertiles of sedentary (SED) time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to create nine different activity profiles (SEDHIGH, SEDMOD, and SEDLOW combined with MVPAHIGH, MVPAMOD, or MVPALOW). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine how these profiles associated with probable sarcopenia, defined by low handgrip strength and/or slow chair stands time according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria.ResultsProbable sarcopenia was present in 227 (6.2%) participants. Men with probable sarcopenia had on average 35.3 min more SED time and 20 min less MVPA compared with participants without sarcopenia (P < 0.01 for all), while women with probable sarcopenia only had 18 min less MVPA (P < 0.001). Compared with the SEDHIGH–MVPALOW reference activity profile (714.2 min SED/day and 10.4 min MVPA/day), the SEDHIGH–MVPAMOD profile (697.1 min SED/day and 31.5 min MVPA/day) had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for probable sarcopenia (OR 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.35), while the SEDLOW–MVPALOW profile (482.9 min SED/day and 11.0 min MVPA/day) did not (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47–1.11). These findings were not influenced by age, sex, smoking, or self‐reported diseases, and higher levels of MVPA did not further decrease ORs for probable sarcopenia.ConclusionsOlder adults who achieve moderate amounts of MVPA have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia, even when they have high sedentary time. Those with low sedentary time did not have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia when they also had low amounts of MVPA. These findings need confirmation in longitudinal studies but suggest that interventions for preventing sarcopenia should prioritize increasing MVPA over reducing sedentary behaviour.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism, weight loss, and longer term mortality in haemodialysis patients: results from the DOPPS
Authors: Komaba Hirotaka , Zhao Junhui , Yamamoto Suguru , Nomura Takanobu , Fuller Douglas S. , McCullough Keith P. , Evenepoel Pieter , Christensson Anders , Zhao Xinju , Alrukhaimi Mona , Al‐Ali Fadwa , Young Eric W. , Robinson Bruce M. , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWasting is a common complication of kidney failure that leads to weight loss and poor outcomes. Recent experimental data identified parathyroid hormone (PTH) as a driver of adipose tissue browning and wasting, but little is known about the relations among secondary hyperparathyroidism, weight loss, and risk of mortality in dialysis patients.MethodsWe included 42,319 chronic in‐centre haemodialysis patients from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study phases 2–6 (2002–2018). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the association between baseline PTH and percent weight change over 12 months, adjusting for country, demographics, comorbidities, and labs. Accelerated failure time models were used to assess 12 month weight loss as a mediator between baseline high PTH and mortality after 12 months.ResultsBaseline PTH was inversely associated with 12 month weight change: 12 month weight loss >5% was observed in 21%, 18%, 18%, 17%, 15%, and 14% of patients for PTH ≥600 pg/mL, 450–600, 300–450, 150–300, 50–150, and <50 pg/mL, respectively. In adjusted analyses, 12 month weight change compared with PTH 150–299 pg/mL was −0.60%, −0.12%, −0.10%, +0.15%, and +0.35% for PTH ≥600, 450–600, 300–450, 50–150, and <50 pg/mL, respectively. This relationship was robust regardless of recent hospitalization and was more pronounced in persons with preserved appetite. During follow‐up after the 12 month weight measure [median, 1.0 (interquartile range, 0.6–1.7) years; 6125 deaths], patients with baseline PTH ≥600 pg/mL had 11% [95% confidence interval (CI), 9–13%] shorter lifespan, and 18% (95% CI, 14–23%) of this effect was mediated through weight loss ≥2.5%.ConclusionsSecondary hyperparathyroidism may be a novel mechanism of wasting, corroborating experimental data, and, among chronic dialysis patients, this pathway may be a mediator between elevated PTH levels and mortality. Future research should determine whether PTH‐lowering therapy can limit weight loss and improve longer term dialysis outcomes.
Collaborating and teaching a synchronous, multi‐university, virtual course: Health policy and access to dental care
Authors: Kennedy Erinne N. , Alex White Benjamin , Weintraub Jane A. , Moss Mark E. , Jordan Samantha L. , Quick Karin K. , Ticku Shenam , Huang Boyen , Douglass Chester 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeIn response to COVID‐19, dental educators have been tasked with maintaining the quality of education while reducing cost, increasing efficiency, and leveraging technology.MethodsThis collaborative, multisite virtual health policy course used the Staged Self‐Directed Learning Model (SSDL) to lead a diverse group of students studying health policy. Twelve Core sessions were offered with three additional sessions in August or December for a total of 15 total synchronous Zoom sessions that covered policy issues on supply, demand, and need for dental care.ResultsTwenty‐eight students, seven lead instructors, and two course directors from six schools reported positive feedback on the course format, use of technology and the SSDL model, and breadth of topics presented. Participation by universities in four states with differing health policies stimulated virtual classroom discussions.ConclusionIn conclusion, collaborative interinstitutional virtual teaching and learning is cost effective, efficient, and engaging for students. This model has the potential to continue even when institutions are no longer affected by COVID‐19.
Synovial and cartilage responsiveness to peri‐operative hyaluronic acid ± dexamethasone administration following a limited injury to the rabbit stifle joint
Authors: Heard B. J. , Barton K. I. , Abubacker S. , Chung M. , Martin C. R. , Schmidt T. A. , Shrive N. G. , Hart D. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPosttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) can develop after an injury to the knee. Previous studies have indicated that an intra‐articular (IA) injection of the potent glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) may significantly prevent induction of PTOA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a single IA injection of hyaluronic acid (HA), alone and in combination with DEX following a localized intra‐articular injury as a PTOA‐preventing treatment option. An established rabbit model of surgical injury consisting of dual intra‐articular (IA) drill holes in a non‐cartilaginous area of the femoral notch near the origin of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to allow for bleeding into the joint space was used. Immediately following surgery, subjects were treated with HA, HA + DEX, or received no treatment. An uninjured control group was used for comparison (N = 5/group). Rabbits were sacrificed and investigated at 9 weeks post‐injury. At 9 weeks post‐injury, there was a significant protective capacity of the single IA treatment of DEX + HA on the histological grade of the synovial tissue, and some variable location‐specific effects of HA alone and HA + DEX interactions on cartilage damage. Thus, it is possible that co‐treatment with HA may interfere with the effectiveness of the DEX. In vitro friction testing indicated that DEX did not interfere with the lubricating ability of HA or synovial fluid on cartilage. These results suggest that a single IA administration of HA in combination with DEX following an IA injury is not recommended for inhibition of PTOA progression in this model.
Oral Intake of Lumisterol Affects the Metabolism of Vitamin D
Authors: Kotwan Julia , Kühn Julia , Baur Anja C. , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: June 2021

ScopeThe treatment of food with ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) light to increase the vitamin D content is accompanied by the formation of photoisomers, such as lumisterol2. The physiological impact of photoisomers is largely unknown.Methods and ResultsThree groups of C57Bl/6 mice are fed diets containing 50 µg kg‐1 deuterated vitamin D3 with 0, 50 (moderate‐dose) or 2000 µg kg‐1 (high‐dose) lumisterol2 for four weeks. Considerable quantities of lumisterol2 and vitamin D2 are found in the plasma and tissues of mice fed with 2000 µg kg‐1 lumisterol2 but not in those fed 0 or 50 µg kg‐1 lumisterol2. Mice fed with 2000 µg kg‐1 lumisterol2 showed strongly reduced deuterated 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (–50%) and calcitriol (–80%) levels in plasma, accompanied by downregulated mRNA abundance of cytochrom P450 (Cyp)27b1 and upregulated Cyp24a1 in the kidneys. Increased tissue levels of vitamin D2 were also seen in mice in a second study that are kept on a diet with 0.2% UV‐B exposed yeast versus those fed 0.2% untreated yeast containing iso‐amounts of vitamin D2.ConclusionHigh doses of lumisterol2 can enter the body, induce the formation of vitamin D2, reduce the levels of 25(OH)D3 and calcitriol and strongly impact the expression of genes involved in the degradation and synthesis of bioactive vitamin D.
Technical Note: Compact thermoacoustic imaging system based on a low‐cost and miniaturized microwave generator for in vivo biomedical imaging
Authors: Huang Lin , Zheng Zhu , Chi Zihui , Jiang Huabei 
Published: June 2021

PurposeMost of existing thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) studies generally utilized a linear modulator‐based high peak power magnetron generator (MG) for efficient TA signal excitation. However, a linear modulator‐based MG is bulky and expensive. Here we present a low‐cost and compact thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) system based on a miniaturized MG.MethodsThe MG is based on solid‐state modulator and operates at 3.05 ± 0.025 GHz, with a peak power of up to 60 kW and adjustable pulse duration from 70 to 600 ns. The dimensions and weight of this MG are 350 × 210 × 70 mm3 (Width × Length × Height) and 7.5 kg, respectively.ResultsThe spatial resolution of the miniaturized MG‐based TAI system is determined to be from 0.3 to 1.4 mm using controlled phantom experiments. The system is further evaluated using in vivo experiments where the finger joints and vasculature in the forearm and opisthenar of human participants are successfully imaged.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the miniaturized MG based TAI systems can be used for in vivo joint and vascular imaging with multiscale resolutions (0.3–1.4 mm).
Aktivierungsbarrieren ertasten, Prozesse und Strukturen begreifen
Authors: Lindenstruth Philipp , Schween Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFür Blinde und Sehbeeinträchtigte ist der Zugang zur organischen Chemie schwieriger als für Sehende. Um ihn zu erleichtern und das Verstehen zu fördern, werden an der Universität Marburg dreidimensionale Modelle für inklusive Lernumgebungen entwickelt. Davon profitieren auch Lernende ohne Sehbehinderung.
Electrical neuromodulation in bladder dysfunction: Mapping the state‐of‐the‐art with bibliometric analysis of field and top 100 cited articles
Authors: Jackson Stuart , Hanna Bishoy , Narroway Harry , Chung Amanda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsElectrical neuromodulation of bladder function has been extensively investigated in the literature. To date, there has been no characterization of the field, and there is a lack of bibliometric literature to guide future studies. We directed this scientometric analysis to characterize the distribution, characteristics and relationships of the field, with subanalysis of top 100 articles.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection of the Thompson Reuters Web of Science was searched and analyzed to determine distributions and characteristics of clinical research investigating electrical neuromodulation in bladder dysfunction. Field citation and coauthorship networks were mapped, and recent citation bursts of the past decade are described. The top 100 cited articles were categorized, with level of evidence rating system applied.ResultsA total of 872 articles published from 1949 until October 2020 were included in field analysis. Europe demonstrated the highest continental productivity within field (n = 539, 61.81%), and the United States the top nation (35.55% of field, 39.24% of top 100 articles). The Journal of Urology has historically published the most articles in the field (n = 150, 17.20%), and top 100 articles (n = 41, 40.20%). Top 100 articles reported studies of neuromodulation effects via sacral neuromodulation (n = 59); of non‐neurological bladder dysfunction (n = 72); urinary incontinence (n = 92), frequency (n = 73) and urgency (n = 68) symptomology.ConclusionsAnalysis of electrical neuromodulation of bladder dysfunction literature reveals historical development, core research clusters and relationships, and an increase in publication activity over past decades.
Managing return policies with consumer resale
Authors: Lei Yong , Liu Qian , Shum Stephen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider a retailer selling products to consumers with uncertain valuations under a return policy. After purchases, consumers who find the products undesirable can either return them to the retailer, or resell them on their own. Both the retailer and consumers incur transaction costs in resale. Consumers decide whether to purchase the new products or wait for the resold ones. We investigate how the existence of consumer resale affects the retailer's return policy and profit. When consumers incur a lower resale transaction cost than the retailer does, the retailer does not offer any return, but it can benefit from consumer resale for a high product resale value. When consumers incur a higher resale transaction cost, the retailer opts to offer a return policy for a wider range of the product resale value compared with no consumer resale. However, the retailer may suffer from consumer resale especially when the product resale value is moderate. Moreover, contrary to the result that the retailer always benefits from a higher product resale value without consumer resale, we find that the retailer's profit may decrease in the product resale value with consumer resale.
Waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite incorporated with phytic acid intercalated layered double hydroxides: A highly stable aqueous dispersion with desired corrosion protection capability
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Hosseini Dina , Isfahani Ali Pournaghshband , Dehghani Zohreh , Shams Esmaeil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this research, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocomposites incorporated with MgAl‐NO3LDH layered double hydroxide (LDH) and phytic acid intercalated LDH (PA‐LDH) nanostructures were prepared as novel environmental‐friendly corrosion protective coatings. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the prosperous preparation of LDHs nanosheets. Moreover, structural, thermal, thermo‐mechanical, and morphological investigations of prepared WPU/LDHs films were also evaluated. The SEM images exhibited that the intercalation of LDH nanosheets with PA could drastically overcome the agglomeration problem of unmodified LDH within the polyurethane matrix. Based on XRD results, WPU/LDHs films showed a lower micro‐phase separation degree and crystallinity compared to pure WPU film. According to wettability analysis, WPU/PA‐LDH film demonstrated the highest hydrophobicity among samples due to its lowest phase‐separation degree, which causes the castor oil and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol segments to migrate toward the surface of film from the bulk. Furthermore, the potentiodynamic polarization scanning and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the WPU/PA‐LDH sample containing 1.0 wt% of PA‐LDH has a superlative anti‐corrosion performance for SS 304 steel with an inhibition efficiency of 99.9%. This superior anti‐corrosive property benefited from the barrier property and chloride absorption capability of well‐dispersed PA‐LDH nanosheets, deposition of PA on the steel substrate, and improved hydrophobicity of the WPU/PA‐LDH coating.