bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullous amyloidosis in a horse: first description in veterinary medicine
Authors: Fussell Devin , Bizikova Petra , Breuhaus Babetta , Harris R. Adam , Moore A. Russell , Chen Laura , Linder Keith E. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBullous amyloidosis is a rare disease in humans that has not been described in a veterinary species in the peer‐reviewed literature. The human disease is characterised by haemorrhagic vesicles and bullae on the skin and mucosae, which form due to amyloid deposition.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the clinical features, laboratory analysis and histopathological features of an unique presentation of bullous disease in a horse.AnimalsA 17‐year‐old thoroughbred mare presented for weight loss and severe oral cavity ulcers.Methods and materialsInvestigations involved haematological evaluation, chemistry profiles, gastroscopy and serum protein electrophoresis, and, postmortem, histopathological evaluation, Congo‐red staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsHaemorrhagic vesicles and bullae occurred on the mucosa of the oral cavity, lips, oesophagus and stomach, and much less the muzzle, face and mucocutaneous areas of the perineum, where scarring was evident. Histopathological evaluation and Congo‐red staining confirmed the presence of amyloid deposits in dermis and submucosa, in association with vesicle and bulla formation, consistent with bullous amyloidosis. TEM confirmed amyloid fibril deposition in the dermis and along the basement membrane zone. Clefts occurred in the superficial dermis and submucosa, which explained haemorrhage and scarring. The presence of a polyclonal gammopathy and the rapid abolishment of Congo‐red staining with performate pretreatment supported serum amyloid A and secondary amyloidosis.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBullous amyloidosis is a novel disease of the horse and a newly recognised differential for bullous disease, for which the haemorrhagic nature of bullae, scarring and deep secondary ulcers are considered clinical clues to the condition.
Completeness of reporting of quality improvement studies in neonatology is inadequate: a systematic literature survey
Authors: Hu Zheng Jing , Fusch Gerhard , Hu Catherine , Wang Jie Yi , el Helou Zoe , Hassan Muhammad Taaha , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , el Helou Salhab , Thabane Lehana 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionQuality improvement (QI) is a growing field of inquiry in healthcare, but the reporting quality of QI studies in neonatology remains unclear. We conducted a systematic survey of the literature to assess the reporting quality of QI studies and factors associated with reporting quality.MethodsWe searched Medline for publications of QI studies from 2016 to 16 April 2020. Pairs of reviewers independently screened citations and assessed reporting quality using a 31-item modified Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence, 2nd edition (SQUIRE 2.0) checklist. We reported the number (percentage) of studies that reported each item and their corresponding 95% CIs. We used Poisson regression to explore factors associated with reporting quality, namely, journal endorsement of SQUIRE 2.0, declaration of funding sources, year of publication and number of authors. The results were reported as incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI.ResultsOf 1921 citations, 336 were eligible; among them, we randomly selected 100 articles to assess reporting quality. The mean (standard deviation) number of SQUIRE 2.0 items adhered to was 22.0 (4.5). Percentage of articles reporting each item varied from 26% to 100%. Journal endorsement of SQUIRE 2.0 (IRR=1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21, p=0.015), declaration of funding sources and increasing number of authors were significantly associated with better reporting.ConclusionsReporting quality of QI studies in neonatology is inadequate. Endorsing the SQUIRE 2.0 guideline is a step that journals can implement to enhance the completeness of reporting.
Host and gut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies
Authors: Qi Qibin , Li Jun , Yu Bing , Moon Jee-Young , Chai Jin C , Merino Jordi , Hu Jie , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Rebholz Casey , Wang Zheng , Usyk Mykhaylo , Chen Guo-Chong , Porneala Bianca C , Wang Wenshuang , Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Feofanova Elena V , Grove Megan L , Wang Thomas J , Gerszten Robert E , Dupuis Josée , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Bao Wei , Perkins David L , Daviglus Martha L , Thyagarajan Bharat , Cai Jianwen , Wang Tao , Manson JoAnn E , Martínez-González Miguel A , Selvin Elizabeth , Rexrode Kathryn M , Clish Clary B , Hu Frank B , Meigs James B , Knight Rob , Burk Robert D , Boerwinkle Eric , Kaplan Robert C 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTryptophan can be catabolised to various metabolites through host kynurenine and microbial indole pathways. We aimed to examine relationships of host and microbial tryptophan metabolites with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), host genetics, diet and gut microbiota.MethodWe analysed associations between circulating levels of 11 tryptophan metabolites and incident T2D in 9180 participants of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds from five cohorts. We examined host genome-wide variants, dietary intake and gut microbiome associated with these metabolites.ResultsTryptophan, four kynurenine-pathway metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenate, xanthurenate and quinolinate) and indolelactate were positively associated with T2D risk, while indolepropionate was inversely associated with T2D risk. We identified multiple host genetic variants, dietary factors, gut bacteria and their potential interplay associated with these T2D-relaetd metabolites. Intakes of fibre-rich foods, but not protein/tryptophan-rich foods, were the dietary factors most strongly associated with tryptophan metabolites. The fibre-indolepropionate association was partially explained by indolepropionate-associated gut bacteria, mostly fibre-usingFirmicutes. We identified a novel association between a host functionalLCTvariant (determining lactase persistence) and serum indolepropionate, which might be related to a host gene-diet interaction on gutBifidobacterium, a probiotic bacterium significantly associated with indolepropionate independent of other fibre-related bacteria. Higher milk intake was associated with higher levels of gutBifidobacteriumand serum indolepropionate only among genetically lactase non-persistent individuals.ConclusionHigher milk intake among lactase non-persistent individuals, and higher fibre intake were associated with a favourable profile of circulating tryptophan metabolites for T2D, potentially through the host–microbial cross-talk shifting tryptophan metabolism toward gut microbial indolepropionate production.
IGF1 receptor inhibition amplifies the effects of cancer drugs by autophagy and immune-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Wu Qi , Tian Ai-Ling , Li Bei , Leduc Marion , Forveille Sabrina , Hamley Peter , Galloway Warren , Xie Wei , Liu Peng , Zhao Liwei , Zhang Shuai , Hui Pan , Madeo Frank , Tu Yi , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPharmacological autophagy enhancement constitutes a preclinically validated strategy for preventing or treating most major age-associated diseases. Driven by this consideration, we performed a high-content/high-throughput screen on 65 000 distinct compounds on a robotized fluorescence microscopy platform to identify novel autophagy inducers.ResultsHere, we report the discovery of picropodophyllin (PPP) as a potent inducer of autophagic flux that acts on-target, as an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). Thus, PPP lost its autophagy-stimulatory activity in cells engineered to lack IGF1R or to express a constitutively active AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) mutant. When administered to cancer-bearing mice, PPP improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy with a combination of immunogenic cytotoxicants and programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, better known as PD-1) blockade. These PPP effects were lost when tumors were rendered PPP-insensitive or autophagy-incompetent. In combination with chemotherapy, PPP enhanced the infiltration of tumors by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while reducing regulatory T cells. In human triple-negative breast cancer patients, the activating phosphorylation of IGF1R correlated with inhibited autophagy, an unfavorable local immune profile, and poor prognosis.ConclusionAltogether, these results suggest that IGF1R may constitute a novel and druggable therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer in conjunction with chemoimmunotherapies.
Correlation between C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio and Disease Activity in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Zhong Zheng , Huang Yukai , Liu Yuqi , Chen Junming , Liu Meng , Huang Qidang , Zheng Shaoling , Guo Xin , Deng Weiming , Li Tianwang 
Published: June 2021

Background. The C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin (ALB) ratio (CAR) has emerged as a novel inflammatory biomarker. This study was designed to investigate the role of CAR in the disease activity of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods. A total of 241 patients and 61 healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled in this study. AxSpA patients were further divided into the inactive group (

n
=
176

) and active group (

n
=
65

) according to Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) cutoff value of 4. Laboratory data and clinical assessment indices were recorded. Spearman’s correlation analysis, receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Results. In axSpA patients, CAR was significantly higher than the healthy group (

P
<
0.001

). Similarly, axSpA patients in the active group had higher CAR than the inactive group (

P
<
0.001

). Besides, CAR was positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (

r
=
0.704

,

P
<
0.001

), CRP (

r
=
0.996

,

P
<
0.001

), BASDAI (

r
=
0.329

,

P
<
0.001

), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (

r
=
0.330

,

P
<
0.001

). ROC curve analysis suggested that the area under the curve (AUC) of CAR for axSpA of the active group was 0.701, which was higher than that of CRP and ESR. The optimal cutoff point of CAR for axSpA of the active group was 0.3644, with a sensitivity and specificity of 58.5% and 79.0%. Binary logistic analysis results revealed that CAR was an independent predictive factor for axSpA disease activity (

odds

ratio
=
4.673

, 95% CI: 1.423-15.348,

P
=
0.011

). Conclusions. CAR was increased in axSpA and axSpA of the active group. CAR may be a novel and reliable indicator for axSpA disease activity.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДЛЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ ВІЛ-ІНФІКОВАНИХ ХВОРИХ
Authors: Yurko K.V. , Lantukh I.V. 
Published: June 2021

Мета роботи – проаналізувати значення психологічної допомоги для соціальної адаптації ВІЛ-інфікованих хворих.
Матеріали і методи. Емпіричною базою досліджен­ня став аналіз 30 медичних карт стаціонарних пацієнтів, госпіталізованих в інфекційне відділення № 3 Обласної клінічної інфекційної лікарні м. Харкова впродовж 2019 р. Більшість склали хворі працездатного віку, а саме 25 осіб (83,3 %), при цьому середній вік пацієнтів становив (28,5±5,5) років. Хворі під час дослідження були поділені на групи залежно від отримання психологічної допомоги, психоемоційних розладів, ознак соціальної дезадаптації.
Результати дослідження. Першу групу пацієнтів склали 10 (33,3 %) хворих, які відмовилися від психологічної допомоги. Другу групу, а саме 20 (66,7 %) пацієнтів, склали хворі, які одразу після встановлення діагнозу ВІЛ-інфекції отримували психологічну допомогу та мали слабші розлади.
Під час дослідження використовувався набір методик: клініко-анамнестичний метод; для оцінки наявності у пацієнтів депресії застосовували шкалу її оцінки Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scalе (MADRS); для визначення рівня тривожності у хворих використовували опитувальник тривожності Спілбергера-Ханіна; визначали прихильність пацієнтів до лікування за шкалою оцінки комплаєнтності Мориски-Грін.
Висновки. Питання адаптації ВІЛ-інфікованих пацієнтів у суспільстві є значною проблемою, що обумовлюється низьким рівнем обізнаності про ВІЛ-інфекцію, шляхи її передачі. Отримані результати свідчать про необхідність психологічної допомоги ВІЛ-інфікованим на кожному етапі, як в момент оголошення діагнозу (запобігання розвитку депресії, суїцидальних намірів), так і під час медикаментозного лікування (дебрифінг методики, створення груп підтримки «рівний – рівному»), завдяки чому прискорюється соціальна адаптація хворих та ефективність медикаментозного лікування.
Causal Effect of Adiposity Measures on Blood Pressure Traits in 2 Urban Swedish Cohorts: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Giontella Alice , Lotta Luca A. , Overton John D. , Baras Aris ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Minuz Pietro , Melander Olle , Gill Dipender , Fava Cristiano 
Published: June 2021

Background
Different adiposity traits may be causally related to hypertension in different ways. By using genetic variants as randomly allocated proxies for studying the effect of modifying adiposity traits, the Mendelian randomization approach can be used to investigate this.

Methods and Results

In this study, we used 4 different genetic risk scores (GRS; GRS‐BMI
565
, GRS‐WHR
324
, GRS‐VAT
208
, GRS‐BF
81
) including hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue, and body fat, respectively. These were applied as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization analyses. Two Swedish urban‐based cohort studies, the Malmö Diet and Cancer, and the Malmö Preventive 795Projects were used to obtain genetic association estimates with blood pressure (BP). In both the Malmö Preventive Projects and Malmö Diet and Cancer studies, except for that for body fat, all of the genetic risk scores were significantly associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, but with different magnitudes. In particular, in both cohorts, each standard deviation increase in the genetic risk score made up by the 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with waist‐to‐hip ratio was associated with doubling of the likelihood of hypertension prevalence at baseline. However, only the genetic risk score made up by the 565 SNPs associated with body mass index was significantly associated with hypertension incidence during 23.6±4.3 years of follow‐up in the Malmö Preventive Project.

Conclusions
We support a causal link between genetically mediated adiposity, especially waist‐to‐hip ratio and body mass index, and BP traits including hypertension prevalence and, for the first time to our knowledge, hypertension incidence. The differences in magnitude between these associations might suggest different mechanisms by which different adiposity affects BP/hypertension and consequently may indicate that tailored interventions are needed to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Response of the Atmosphere to Orographic Forcings: Insight from Idealised Simulations
Authors: Tewari Kamal , Mishra Saroj K. , Dewan Anupam , Anand Abhishek , Kang In-Sik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarth’s orography profoundly influences its climate and is a major reason behind the zonally asymmetric features observed in the atmospheric circulation. The response of the atmosphere to orographic forcing, when idealized aqua mountains are placed individually and in pairs (180° apart) at different latitudes, is investigated in the present study using a simplified general circulation model. The investigation reveals that the atmospheric response to orography is dependent on its latitudinal position: orographically triggered stationary waves in the mid-latitudes are most energetic compared to the waves generated due to anomalous divergence in the tropics. The impact on precipitation is confined to the latitude of the orography when it is placed near the tropics, but when it is situated at higher latitudes, it also has a significant remote impact on the tropics. In general, the tropical mountains block the easterly flow, resulting in a weakening of the Hadley cells and a local reduction in the total poleward flux transport by the stationary eddies. On the other hand, the mid-latitudinal orography triggers planetary-scale Rossby waves and enhances the poleward flux transport by stationary eddies. The twin mountains experiments, which are performed by placing orography in pairs at different latitudes, show that the energy fluxes, stationary wave, and precipitation pattern are not merely the linear additive sum of individual orographic responses at these latitudes. The non-linearity in a diagnostic sense is a product interaction of flow between the two mountains, which depends on the background flow, the separation distance between mountains, and wind shear worldwide.
Influence of Latitude and Moisture Effects on the Barotropic Instability of an Idealized ITCZ
Authors: Bembenek Eric , Merlis Timothy M. , Straub David N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA large fraction of tropical cyclones (TCs) are generated near the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and barotropic instability of the related wind shear has been shown to be an important generation mechanism. The latitudinal position of the ITCZ shifts seasonally and may shift poleward in response to global warming. Aquaplanet GCM simulations have shown TC-generation frequency to vary with position of the ITCZ. These results, and that moisture plays an essential role in the dynamics, motivate the present study on the growth rates of barotropic instability in ITCZ-like zonal wind profiles. Base-state zonal wind profiles are generated by applying a prescribed forcing (representing zonally averaged latent heat release in the ITCZ) to a shallow-water model. Shifting the latitudinal position of the forcing alters these profiles, with a poleward shift leading to enhanced barotropic instability. Next, an examination of how latent release impacts the barotropic breakdown of these profiles is considered. To do this, moisture is explicitly represented using a tracer variable. Upon supersaturation, precipitation occurs and the related latent heat release is parameterized as a mass transfer out of the dynamically active layer. Whether moisture serves to enhance or reduce barotropic growth rates is found to depend on how saturation humidity is represented. In particular, taking it to be constant or a function of the layer thickness (related to temperature) leads to a reduction, whereas taking it to be a specified function of latitude leads to an enhancement. Simple arguments are given to support the idea that moisture effects should lead to a reduction in the moist shallow-water model and that a poleward shift of the ITCZ should lead to an enhancement of barotropic instability.
THE COUPLING BET WEEN CONVECTIVE VARIABILITY AND LARGE-SCALE FLOW PATTERNS OBSERVED DURING PISTON 2018-2019
Authors: Chudler Kyle , Rutledge Steven A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Propagation of Intraseasonal Oscillations (PISTON) field campaign took place in the waters of the western tropical North Pacific during the late-summer and early-fall of 2018 and 2019. During both research cruises, the Colorado State University SEA-POL polarimetric C-Band weather radar obtained continuous 3D measurements of oceanic precipitation systems. This study provides an overview of the variability in convection observed during the PISTON cruises, and relates this variability to large-scale atmospheric conditions. Using an objective classification algorithm, precipitation features are identified and labeled by their size (isolated/sub-MCS/MCS) and degree of convective organization (nonlinear/linear). It is shown that although large mesoscale convective systems (MCS’s) occurred infrequently (present in 13% of radar scans), they contributed a disproportionately large portion (56%) of the total rain volume. Conversely, small isolated features were present in 91% of scans, yet these features contributed just 11% of the total rain volume, with the bulk of the rainfall owing to warm rain production. Convective rain rates and 30-dBZ echo top heights increased with feature size and degree of organization. MCS’s occurred more frequently in periods of low-level southwesterly winds, and when low-level wind shear was enhanced. By compositing radar and sounding data by phases of easterly waves (of which there were several in 2018), troughs are shown to be associated with increased precipitation and a higher relative frequency of MCS feature occurrence, while ridges are shown to be associated with decreased precipitation and a higher relative frequency of isolated convective features.
Determination of Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Drought Adaptation Policies in Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Authors: Aydoğdu Mustafa Hakkı , Sevinç Mehmet Reşit , Cançelik Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Şanlıurfa, Turkey, agriculture is the most important source of income. This study aimed to determine Şanlıurfa farmers’ willingness to pay for drought adaptation policies and the factors affecting their willingness. The data were obtained from face-to-face surveys with farmers, selected using a simple random sampling method. According to the results, 50.26% perceive a risk of drought, and 35.86% are willing to pay for adaptation policies. Among those willing to pay, the average amount was $22.63 ha−1 [$1 (U.S. dollar) = TRY 5.676 (Turkish lira)], and the average for all participants was $13.55 ha−1. This adds up to a total of $14,363,000 yr−1 for Şanlıurfa. This amount is 1.47% of the annual average income of the participants and is thus within their ability to pay. Age, amount of land farmed, education level, experience, and income were factors affecting willingness to pay. Many respondents, however, were unaware of drought adaptation policies. Because there is concern that drought risk is increasing, awareness needs to be increased, for example, through extension services. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, and the results may be useful for creating and applying drought adaptation policies in both Turkey and other regions with similar socioeconomic characteristics.
Time trends in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an observational study
Authors: Rerkasem Amaraporn , Chotirosniramit Nuntisa , Saokhieo Pongpun , Wongthanee Antika , Rerkasem Kittipan 
Published: June 2021

A cross-sectional study on men who have sex with men (MSM) for the HIV prevention project was conducted to assess the prevalence of HIV infection–related behaviors among 551 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 and 1910 MSM in 2014–2018 for voluntary counseling and testing at a HIV clinic in Chiang Mai. Overall, the study found that the prevalence of HIV infection was significantly decreased from 12.9% (71/551) in the earlier study (2008–2009) to 8.2% (157/1910) in the recent study (2014–2018) ( p = 0.001). By comparison, in 2008–2009 and 2014–2018, there was no statistically significant difference in consistent condom use (39.0% [186/477] vs. 38.9% [591/1512], p = 0.969), while unprotected anal sex with casual partners significantly increased (44.5% [159/357] vs. 51.9% [645/1242], p = 0.014) and receptive anal sex significantly increased (37.7% [180/477] vs. 45.1% [860/1905], p = 0.004). However, previous HIV testing within 1 year increased significantly from 64.6% (197/305) to 74.7% (677/906, p = 0.001). In exploratory multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV infection included gay men, age below 20 years, being self-employed, being an employee, having only receptive anal sex, having both receptive/insertive anal sex, being a former substance user, using online dating, having a history of sexually transmitted infection symptoms, self-perception as being at high risk for HIV, last HIV testing >1 year, and never previously testing for HIV. The data represent the trend of health-seeking behavior improvements. The findings demonstrated the need for a novel sexual health service in an endemic setting and health promotion for online partner-seeking.