bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal milk microbiota and oligosaccharides contribute to the infant gut microbiota assembly
Authors: Laursen Martin Frederik , Pekmez Ceyda T , Larsson Melanie Wange , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Yonemitsu Chloe , Larnkjær Anni , Mølgaard Christian , Bode Lars , Dragsted Lars Ove , Michaelsen Kim F , Licht Tine Rask , Bahl Martin Iain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding protects against diseases, with potential mechanisms driving this being human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the seeding of milk-associated bacteria in the infant gut. In a cohort of 34 mother–infant dyads we analyzed the microbiota and HMO profiles in breast milk samples and infant’s feces. The microbiota in foremilk and hindmilk samples of breast milk was compositionally similar, however hindmilk had higher bacterial load and absolute abundance of oral-associated bacteria, but a lower absolute abundance of skin-associated Staphylococcus spp. The microbial communities within both milk and infant’s feces changed significantly over the lactation period. On average 33% and 23% of the bacterial taxa detected in infant’s feces were shared with the corresponding mother’s milk at 5 and 9 months of age, respectively, with Streptococcus, Veillonella and Bifidobacterium spp. among the most frequently shared. The predominant HMOs in feces associated with the infant’s fecal microbiota, and the dominating infant species B. longum ssp. infantis and B. bifidum correlated inversely with HMOs. Our results show that breast milk microbiota changes over time and within a feeding session, likely due to transfer of infant oral bacteria during breastfeeding and suggest that milk-associated bacteria and HMOs direct the assembly of the infant gut microbiota.
Aquatic reservoir of Vibrio cholerae in an African Great Lake assessed by large scale plankton sampling and ultrasensitive molecular methods
Authors: Vezzulli Luigi , Oliveri Caterina , Borello Alessio , Gregory Lance , Kimirei Ismael , Brunetta Martina , Stern Rowena , Coco Simona , Longo Luca , Taviani Elisa , Santos Andrès , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Wilson William H , Colwell Rita R , Pruzzo Carla , Plisnier Pierre-Denis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The significance of large tropical lakes as environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae in cholera endemic countries has yet to be established. By combining large scale plankton sampling, microbial culture and ultrasensitive molecular methods, namely Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) and targeted genomics, the presence of Vibrio cholerae was investigated in a 96,600 L volume of surface water collected on a 322 nautical mile (596 km) transect in Lake Tanganyika. V. cholerae was detected and identified in a large area of the lake. In contrast, toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1 or O139 were not detected in plankton samples possibly in relation to environmental conditions of the lake ecosystem, namely very low salinity compared to marine brackish and coastal environments. This represents to our knowledge, the largest environmental study to determine the role of tropical lakes as a reservoir of V. cholerae.
Anti-obesity effects ofGrifola frondosathrough the modulation of lipid metabolismviaceramide in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Jiang Xue , Hao Jie , Liu Zijian , Ma Xueting , Feng Yuxin , Teng Lirong , Li Yu , Wang Di 
Published: June 2021

In high-fat-diet fed mice, Grifola frondosa alleviated hepatic steatosis and the inflammatory response, and counteracted obesity-induced insulin resistanceviaits inhibition of Cer related to down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
Friction torque field distribution of a permanent‐magnet spherical motor based on multi‐physical field coupling analysis
Authors: Li Haolin , Li Guoli , Wang Qunjing , Ju Bin , Wen Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐linear friction between the rotor and the rotor support mandrels would occur during the movement of the permanent‐magnet spherical motor (PMSpM). The friction which varies with the position causes PMSpM jitter or even stop it when running at low speeds, and the system operation accuracy is reduced. To solve these problems, this work proposes a parameter identification method of the Coulomb friction model. First, a dynamics model with the Coulomb friction of PMSpM is established by using generalised Euler angles and the Lagrangian energy method. Then, a parameter identification method of the Coulomb friction model based on COMSOL Multi physics coupled simulation and MEMS experiment is proposed to obtain the friction torque data of the PMSpM. Finally, the friction torque compensation in a closed‐loop control experiment is completed by using the friction data. The results show that the accuracy of trajectory tracking control is significant, and the error is reduced by 49.32%. Hence, the distribution of the friction torque field is accurate and effective.
Vulnerability analysis of secondary control system when microgrid suffering from sequential denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Sun Qiuye , Wang Rui , Dong Chaoyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the microgrid secondary control system (MSCS) is to regulate frequency and voltage and allocate active and reactive power among distributed generations in the microgrid. Sequential denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks have a lasting impact that reduce the vulnerability of the MSCS. A vulnerability assessment method is proposed for when the microgrid experiences DoS attacks. The sequence model of attack actions and N–1 contingency actions are proposed to find the traversal expression. With the traversal method, vulnerable factors of the microgrid can be interpreted by the proposed comprehensive vulnerability metric, which provides an intuitive and easy way to understand the vulnerability of the MSCS. The metric is composed of four basic indicators concerning not only final states of the microgrid when a DoS attack ends, but also the dynamic process of the microgrid. To test the proposed metric, two mitigation methods with the purpose of mitigating the impact on the physical system caused by DoS attacks are proposed: the self‐adaptive coefficient method and the fault‐tolerance method. Finally, a 33‐node microgrid platform with eight distributed generations has been built to test the proposed vulnerability assessment method. From the analysis results, nodes with a high cyber‐degree are vulnerable and the fault‐tolerance method can provide a better mitigation result with an average metric of 9.41 compared with the self‐adaptive coefficient method with a metric of 9.03.
A user selection algorithm for aggregating electric vehicle demands based on a multi‐armed bandit approach
Authors: Hu Qinran , Zhang Nianchu , Quan Xiangjun , Bai Linquan , Wang Qi , Chen Xinyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn systems with high penetration of renewables, demand side resources have been aggregated to facilitate system operation. However, the natural uncertainty and randomness of users' behaviour may deteriorate the demand aggregation performance, including a large mismatch from the expected aggregation target and unnecessary cost while executing aggregation. Here, the most fast‐growing demand side resource, electric vehicle is targeted, and an algorithm based on a multi‐armed bandit approach is proposed to aggregate those electric vehicle demands. In the proposed multi‐armed bandit model, each electric vehicle user's behaviour is viewed as two arms. Then, a combinatorial upper confidence bound mixed sorting algorithm, which selects the optimal set of users participating in demand aggregation, is developed. The case studies show that the proposed method can reduce the demand aggregation mismatch and eliminate the unnecessary cost. Additionally, it can be observed that the user experience is also improved.
Study of Fischer–Tropsch-type reactions on chondritic meteorites
Authors: Cabedo V. , Llorca J. , Trigo-Rodriguez J. M. , Rimola A. 
Published: June 2021

Context.How simple organic matter appeared on Earth and the processes by which it transformed into more evolved organic compounds, which ultimately led to the emergence of life, is still an open topic. Different scenarios have been proposed, the main one assumes that simple organic compounds were synthesized, either in the gas phase or on the surfaces of dust grains, during the process of star formation and they were incorporated into larger bodies in the protoplanetary disk. The transformation of these simple organic compounds in more complex forms is still a matter of debate. Recent discoveries have pointed to catalytic properties of dust grains present in the early stellar envelope, which can nowadays be found in the form of chondrites. The significant infall of chondritic meteorites during the early periods of Earth suggests that the same reactions could have taken place in certain environments on the Earth’s surface, with conditions more favorable for organic synthesis.Aims.This work attempts to synthesize simple organic molecules, such as hydrocarbons and alcohols via Fischer–Tropsch-type reactions supported by different chondritic materials under early-Earth conditions, to investigate if organic synthesis can likely occur in this environment and to determine what the differences are in selectivity when using different types of chondrites.Methods.Fischer–Tropsch-type reactions are investigated from mixtures of CO and H2at 1 atm of pressure on the surfaces of different chondritic samples. The different products obtained are analyzed in situ by gas chromatography.Results.Different Fischer–Tropsch reaction products are obtained in quantitative amounts. The formation of alkanes and alkenes being the main processes. The formation of alcohols also takes place in a smaller amount. Other secondary products were obtained in a qualitative way.Conclusions.Chondritic material surfaces have been proven as good supports for the occurrence of organic synthesis. Under certain circumstances during the formation of Earth, they could have produced a suitable environment for these reactions to occur.
Injury Incidence and Severity in Musical Theatre Dance Students: 5-year Prospective Study
Authors: Stephens Nicola , Nevill Alan M. , Wyon Matthew Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDance injury research has mainly focused on ballet and modern dance with little data on musical theatre dancers. The purpose was to assess the incidence and severity of injuries in a musical theatre dance college over a 5-year period; 198 pre-professional musical theatre dancers (3 cohorts on a 3-year training course) volunteered for the study; 21 students left the course over the study period. Injury aetiology data were collected by an in-house physiotherapy team. Differences between academic year and sex were analysed using a Poisson distribution model; significant difference was set at p≤0.05. In total, 913 injuries were recorded, and more injuries occurred in academic year 1 than year 2 and 3. Overall injury incidence was 1.46 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 1.34, 1.56); incidence significantly decreased between year 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). There was no significant sex difference for incidence or severity. Most injuries were classified as overuse (71% female, 67% male). Pre-professional musical theatre dancers report a high proportion of lower limb and overuse injuries comparable to other dance genres. Unlike other studies on pre-professional dancers, injury incidence and severity decreased with academic year, even though workload increased across the course.
Is there an HbA1c Threshold for Symptoms of Chronic
Hyperglycemia?
Authors: Müller Nicolle , Lehmann Thomas , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Kloos Christof 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims of the study The minimum therapeutic goal regarding metabolic control
for people with diabetes mellitus is the “absence of symptoms of
hyperglycemia.” However, it is uncertain whether a level of HbA1c can be
defined that guarantees the absence of these symptoms. The aim was to define an
HbA1c threshold above which most patients show hyperglycemic symptoms.
Methods In a multicenter cross-sectional study, 137 patients with type 1
and 285 with type 2 diabetes were asked about their symptoms during periods of
hyperglycemia with a standardized questionnaire. Seventeen symptoms of
hyperglycemia were summarized to the total hyperglycemia symptom score (THSS;
min. 0; max. 68). The answers could be given according to the frequency and
intensity in the last 4 – 6 weeks.
Results The HbA1c threshold above which most patients showed hyperglycemic
symptoms was 10.05% for patients with diabetes type 1 and 8.9%.
for patients with type 2. Most confidence was reached on the symptoms of
frequent urination” and “tiredness.” The mean THSS was
19.4 (±9.0) and showed a positive correlation with age (r=0.167;
p<0.001) and HbA1c (r=0.254; p<0.001).
Conclusions We identified an HbA1c threshold above which most patients
show symptoms of hyperglycemia. In the treatment of people with diabetes
mellitus, a safety margin to this threshold should be maintained to preserve
well-being and avoid distress. However, since hyperglycemia symptoms are subject
to many influencing factors, an adjustment of the therapy—both
intensification and de-intensification—should always be carried out in
combination with the requested hyperglycemia symptoms and HbA1c value.
Desmethylbellidifolin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis: Impact on Intestinal Barrier, Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Wu Yuzheng , Chen Yue , Liu Mengyang , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Yi , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUlcerative colitis has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly disturbing the colon and rectum. Clinically, the aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressants, and biological drugs are generally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis at different stages of disease progression. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs does not satisfy the patients due to the frequent drug resistance. Herein, we reported the anti-ulcerative colitis activity of desmethylbellidifolin, a xanthone isolated from Gentianella acuta, in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water to induce acute colitis. Desmethylbellidifolin or balsalazide sodium was orally administrated once a day. Biological samples were collected for immunohistological analysis, intestinal barrier function evaluation, cytokine measurement, and gut microbiota analysis. The results revealed that
desmethylbellidifolin alleviated colon shortening and body weight loss in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice. The disease activity index was also lowered by desmethylbellidifolin after 9 days of treatment. Furthermore, desmethylbellidifolin remarkably ameliorated colonic inflammation through suppressing the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The intestinal epithelial barrier was strengthened by desmethylbellidifolin through increasing levels of occludin, ZO-1, and claudins. In addition, desmethylbellidifolin modulated the gut dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. These findings suggested that desmethylbellidifolin effectively improved experimental ulcerative colitis, at least partly, through maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, and modulating dysregulated gut microbiota.
Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Halofuginone by Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL-B)-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution in Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (CPME)
Authors: Occhiato Ernesto G. , De Marchi Elisa , Arnodo Davide , Maffeis Elia , Scarpi Dina , Prandi Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of both enantiomers of a key intermediate in the synthesis of halofuginone was accomplished by a Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B)-catalyzed kinetic resolution of the corresponding racemate. When the resolution was carried out in the versatile solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) using p-chlorophenylbutyrate (PCPB) as the acylating reagent, the highest enantiomeric ratio (E) values were measured, and highly enantioenriched (95% ee) compounds could be obtained in a single iteration. As an example, one of the two enantiomers was used as a starting material to prepare (+)-halofuginone in a three-step procedure.
Volumetry and Surgical Grading Systems for Vestibular Schwannoma Size Assessment and their Relationship to Postoperative Facial Nerve Function
Authors: Strauss Catharina , Rampp Stefan , Scheller Christian , Prell Julian , Strauss Christian , Doerfler Arnd , Engelhorn Tobias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Treatment modalities in vestibular schwannoma (VS) are difficult to compare since different techniques for size measurements are used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between different tumor size grading systems regarding their compatibility as well as the relationship to facial nerve outcome facilitating comparisons of different studies.
Material and Methods In this retrospective study, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 100 patients with surgically treated VS was evaluated regarding total tumor volume and anatomical extension based on the Koos and Samii classification, as well as volumetric and maximal diameter measures. Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) and T1 postcontrast volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences were used. Facial nerve function was evaluated according to the House–Brackmann (HB) scale 6 months following complete tumor removal via the retrosigmoid approach.
Results Tumor size showed a moderate influence on postsurgical facial nerve function with correlations not exceeding 0.4. Severe palsy was observed mainly in patients with large tumors with Koos grade 4, Samii grade 4b, respectively a volume of at least 6 cm3 or a maximum diameter of 2.4 cm for HB ≥ 3 and a volume of 7.5 cm3 and maximum diameter of 3.2 cm for HB ≥ 4. In regard to volumetry, the Koos and Samii grading systems were highly comparable, whereas the maximal diameter showed consistently lower correlation values.
Conclusions The results of our study allow direct comparison of studies on surgery versus radiotherapy of VS. The data allow for translation of tumor sizes based on different grading systems. Comparison of microsurgical, radiotherapeutic and radiosurgical approaches should concentrate on patients with large tumors. Whereas smaller tumors were rarely associated with severe facial palsy, large tumors did not exclude the possibility of weak or no palsy 6 months after surgery.
Reading Aloud with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Unit-Based Program to Enhance Language Enrichment and Support Early Foundational Relationships
Authors: Erdei Carmina , Klass Perri , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: June 2021

Objective Early meaningful auditory experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) enhance language outcomes and promote cognitive and social–emotional development.
Methods This is a descriptive report sharing our level III NICU experience of building a reading-aloud enrichment program with the goals of enhancing infant neurodevelopment and strengthening early parent–infant relationships.
Results We propose a roadmap for program development, outline challenges and possible ways to mitigate them, and highlight opportunities for further research in this area.
Key Points
The Shoulder Instability: An Overview
Authors: Zacharia Balaji , Prakas Arun , Vaidyanathan Subramanian , Roy Antony , Ayyub Mohammed Komalam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInstability of the shoulder joint is common but most of the time it is unrecognized by the treating surgeon. The symptoms can vary from subtle pain to shoulder dislocation. In many cases, there is no history of trauma. The shoulder joint is stabilized by both static and dynamic factors, and treatment is complex, with recurrence more common in young athletic individuals. Open and arthroscopic techniques of stabilization are available with specific indications for each of these methods. In this narrative review of shoulder instability, we describe the pathological anatomy, evaluation, natural history, classification, and treatment of shoulder instability.
A working-point perturbation method for the magnetoelectric sensor to measure DC to ultralow-frequency-AC weak magnetic fields simultaneously
Authors: Li Jinming , Sun Kunyu , Jin Zhejun , Li Yuanzhe , Zhou Aoran , Huang Yicong , Yang Shuya , Wang Chengmeng , Xu Jie , Zhao Guoxia , Wang Xia , Cao Derang , Zong Weihua , Li Shandong 
Published: June 2021

Magnetoelectric (ME) sensors for the weak magnetic field measurement have attracted a lot of attention because of their high sensitivity and easy integration. However, the ME sensor performs well only at its working-point under a direct current (DC) bias field (Hbias) and mechanical resonance frequency (fres). The measurement of DC to ultralow frequency (0–100 Hz) weak magnetic fields has increasing demands, such as in geomagnetic anomaly fields, geological and mineral exploration, magnetocardiography, and magnetoencephalography. Unfortunately, fres of ME sensors is on the order of several tens of kilohertz, which is far higher than the ultralow frequency desired. Moreover, if the operation frequency deviates from fres, the sensitivity will deteriorate rapidly. In this study, a working-point perturbation method was used to measure the weak magnetic fields at 0–100 Hz with a high magnetic field resolution. (1) The perturbation of fres using an ultralow frequency (fac) magnetic field results in two modulation peaks with frequencies of fres ± fac. The frequency and resolution of the measured alternating current magnetic field can be obtained by varying fac and the modulation depth. A resolution around 1 nT for fac &gt; 10 Hz and a lowest operation frequency of 0.1 Hz were achieved using our measurement system. (2) A high field resolution of 3 nT (better than the frequency perturbation method with a resolution of 16 nT at 0.1 Hz) can be achieved by the perturbation of Hbias at fres because the ME sensor is still working at the quasi-working-point and helped by lock-in amplifier technology.
Accurate genomic variant detection in single cells with primary template-directed amplification
Authors: Gonzalez-Pena Veronica , Natarajan Sivaraman , Xia Yuntao , Klein David , Carter Robert , Pang Yakun , Shaner Bridget , Annu Kavya , Putnam Daniel , Chen Wenan , Connelly Jon , Pruett-Miller Shondra , Chen Xiang , Easton John , Gawad Charles 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Primary template-directed amplification (PTA) is a major improvement in whole genome amplification, which is required to study intratissue cellular evolution. As presented in the manuscript, PTA produces significantly improved and reproducible genome sequencing coverage and variant detection from a single genome of a single cell. Applications of measuring genetic diversity from single cells with PTA presented in the manuscript include examining the acquisition of genetic changes during normal development and aging, measuring the consequences of specific perturbations such as genome editing, and characterizing the evolution of clonal populations during cancer formation.