bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The younger, the better? Speech perception development in adolescent vs. adult L3 learners
Authors: Nelson Christina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Whereas the belief “the younger, the better” regarding foreign language learning seems to hold tenaciously, studies comparing learners of different starting ages attest that in instructed (as opposed to naturalistic) learning contexts, a younger age of onset does not automatically yield better results. However, little is known about how multilingual learners from different age groups develop in their non-native languages over time. The present study thus investigates the understudied domain of perceptual development with seven adolescents aged 12–13 and seven adults aged 19–39 (L1 German, L2 English) over the first year of L3 Polish instruction (tested after one, three, five, and ten months). The sound contrast under scrutiny was /v–w/, which only exists in the learners’ L2 and L3. As expected, in the ABX task, adults performed better than adolescents in both languages at most testing times and generally showed a slight upward trend in both their L2 and L3 learning trajectories. For the adolescents, development was more non-linear. Further, a boosting ‘novelty effect’ was found for the younger learner group: After only a few hours of L3 instruction, they perceived the contrast more consistently and faster than in L2 and at any other testing time, performing within the adults’ range.
The relationship between inhibitory control and speech production in young multilinguals
Authors: Krzysik Iga 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Speech production in multilinguals involves constant inhibition of the languages currently not in use. In relation to phonological development, higher inhibitory skills may lead to the improved suppression of interference from the remaining languages in one’s repertoire and more accurate production of target features. The participants were 20 sequential multilingual learners (13-year-olds with L1 Polish, L2 English, L3 German), acquiring their L2 and L3 by formal instruction in a primary school. Inhibition was measured in a modified flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen 1974; Poarch & Bialystok 2015). Multilingual production of voice onset time (VOT) and rhotic consonants was tested in a delayed repetition task (e.g. Kopečková et al. 2016; Krzysik 2019) in their L2 and L3. The results revealed that higher inhibitory control was related to increased global accuracy in the L2 and L3 production. Moreover, higher inhibitory control was also linked to higher accuracy in the overall L2 production, but there was no significant relationship with the L3 accuracy. These findings suggest that inhibition may play a role in phonological speech production, however, it may depend on one’s level of proficiency.
RECLAIMING KARONESE IDENTITY THROUGH ERPANGIR KU LAU RITUAL
Authors: Sebayang Vanesia Amelia , Darma Putra I Nyoman , Suka Arjawa I Gusti Putu Bagus , Pujaastawa Ida Bagus Gde 
Published: February 2021

Dutch colonialism in Tanah Karo has long ended but not with the construction of the discourse. The unilateral evaluation of the Dutch towards the spirituality of the Karo people caused the Karo people to split into groups and live with social pathology. The colonial discourse is now experiencing challenges as the erpangir ku lau ritual was established as a national intangible cultural heritage and was made as one of the routine cultural tourism attractions in Karo District.
This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method because it uses theory as a platform. The data source of this research consists of primary data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews, and secondary data obtained through books, scientific papers, documents, and online sources.
The results of the study revealed that despite being rejected by one of the community groups, support for efforts to reclaim Karo's identity through the implementation of the erpangir ku lau ritual was still activated. This is because the effort to reclaim identity is expected to bring back the Karo community following the identity of the ancestral heritage, namely mehamat (polite), metami (persuading), melias (loving), perkuah (generous), and perkeleng (merciful) towards fellow humans and ancestors, The Creator, and the universe.
Keywords: Reclaiming Identity, Erpangir Ku Lau, Colonial Discourse, and Karo Society
THE MANIFESTATION OF KIM KARDASHIAN’S AESTHETIC AND GLAMOUR LABORS IN KIM KARDASHIAN: HOLLYWOOD MOBILE GAME
Authors: Soehendar Tresya Pricillia , Widjayanti Ellita Permata 
Published: February 2021

Disproving the ‘famous-for-being-famous’ epithet, Kim Kardashian shares the intricacy of the tricky and binding work of celebrity into the nascent screen-based culture, the mobile game Kim Kardashian: Hollywood (KK: H). With swipes and taps to follow the in-game stories, the KK: H player discovers the set of rules and features of KK: H that welcome them to the digitalized version of aesthetic and glamour labors where the states of being fashionable, ageless and charming are matter. Through an analysis of in-game dominant discourse as well as the player’s game experience shown in Facebook public groups, this study explores the underlying values manifesting the practice of aesthetic and glamour labors as an engaging strategy of digital gameplay. The exploration falls into four stages of docility (Power, System, Surveillance, and Normalization) that built upon Michel Foucault’s theory of Docile Body to examine the gameplay as simulating the “real” constitutive social practice of celebrity that lead the examination to the case of Hyper-reality. The result of this examination places KK: H as the particular cultural representation as well as a seemingly playful parody of celebrity work wherein the pursuit of mass beauty standard is associated with the pursuit of fame in the interest of financial benefits and personal satisfaction.
Keywords: Kim Kardashian, Aesthetic and Glamour Labors, Kim Kardashian: Hollywood (KK: H), Docile Body, Hyper-reality.
Clinical and morphological differential diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism before the stage of immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded specimens of pancreas in children
Authors: Perminova A. A. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Sukhotskaya A. A. , Bairov V. G. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction.Differential diagnosis of various forms of congenital hyperinsulinism (CH) is required at the stage of urgent histological examination, but the difference between the exo- and endocrine parts of the pancreas in frozen sections is visualized very poorly.The objective was to search for differential diagnostic criteria of focal and diffuse forms of CH, suitable for urgent histological examination.Methods and materials. Pancreatic surgery material from 25 children with CH, of which 15 cases of focal form (FCH) and 10 cases of diffuse (DСH), and autopsy material from 10 children without CH (K). Frozen and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histochemical stains were made from the tissue of the pancreas. The number of endocrinocytes with large nuclei was estimated in 10 fields of view for each case.Results. The average proportion of endocrinocytes with large nuclei was significantly (p <0.01) higher compared to the control both with FCH (in the affected area) and DCH (FCH – (1.82±0.50) %, DCH – (4.68±1.66) %, K – (0.34±0.21) %). We found a tendency to detect a higher absolute number of cells with large nuclei in DCH ((4.95±1.24) DCH and (3.71±1.56) FCH). Staining with azure-eosin, picro Mallory and the PAS reaction gave unstable result, and staining with toluidine blue and May-Grunwald did not allow differentiating exo- and endocrine parts of the pancreas.Conclusion. An increase in the size of the endocrinocyte nuclei was the unsuitable criterion for the differential diagnosis of CH forms, and histochemical stains did not give a stable qualitative result. For urgent biopsy examination, new immunohistochemical methods are needed.
Psychosocial counseling when testing for human immunodeficiency virus: what to focus on?
Authors: Koltsova O. V. , Safonova P. V. , Kutukova O. S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Voluntary anonymous HIV counseling and testing can be an effective tool to reduce the behavior that has high risks of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) transmission. The dissemination of general information on HIV, HCV, HBV to reduce risky behavior is not as much of importance as counseling on specific individual infection-related sexual risk behavior. The objective was to identify HIV/HCV/HBV-related risk factors that have to be discussed during psychosocial counselingto help the individual to focus on his/her sexual risk behavior.Methods and materials. The study was conducted on the base of Saint-Petersburg Center for Control of AIDS with participation of 90 individuals who voluntary applied for HIV counseling and testing. Participants’ behavioral risks and HIV knowledge were assessed by the specifically developed structured questionnaire. The level of anxiety was measured by State-Train Anxiety Inventory (STAI adapted by Hanin), the level of need for extreme-risk behavior was measured by the Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman).Results. Only 50 % of participants use condom with their steady sexual partner always or almost always. In 62 % cases, the steady sexual partner’s HIV-status is unknown. Many participants agree that HIV transmission occurs always after sexual contact with HIV-infected person. The level of situational anxiety is higher by those who do HIV testing repeatedly. Those who are more likely to seek new sensations use condom with their steady or other partner more often.Conclusion. Motivational intervention during pre- and post-counseling by HIV/HCV/HBV testing has to focus on the discussion of individual difficulties of condom use as the means for protection and on the individual’s resources for changing sexual behavior to protect him/her-self and his/her partner from infection with HIV and viral hepatitis.
Cushing’s syndrome: diagnostic labyrinths
Authors: Volkova A. R. , Semikova G. V. , Chernaya M. E. , Ostrouhova E. N. , Lisker A. V. , Volkova E. V. 
Published: February 2021

In the practice of a doctor of any specialty, patients with hypercorticism – a syndrome of excess glucocorticoids level in the body – are not uncommon. Despite the fact that most of these patients have characteristic appearance and clinical manifestations, the correct diagnosis is often established months or even years after the first complaints.The objective of this article was to demonstrate the clinical cases of patients with hypercorticism of various genesis, as well as a short theoretical reference based on the National Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome (2016).
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA GURU TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DI KECAMATAN PATEBON KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Komariyah Komariyah , Murniati Ngurah Ayu Nyoman , Egar Ngasbun 
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Apakah ada pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap produktivitas kerja guru. 2) Apakah ada pengaruh motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktivitas kerja guru. 3). Apakah ada pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktivitas kerja guru.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk : 1). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap produktivitas kerja guru. 2). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktivitas kerja guru. 3). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktivitas kerja guru.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru dan kepala Taman kanak - kanak se-Kecamatan Patebon Kabupaten Kendal yang berjumlah 107 yang tersebar di 31 Taman kanak-kanak di wilayah Kecamatan Patebon Kabupaten Kendal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik probability sampling dengan jenis proporsional random sampling dari sampel sebanyak 52. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variable bebas yaitu gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan mottivasi berprestasi sedangkan variable terikatnya produktivitas kerja guru. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Sebelum menguji dengan analisis regresi, terlebih dulu digunakan uji prasyarat analisis data dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenotas dan multikolinieritas dengan α = 0,05 %).Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap produktivitas kerja guru sebesar 52.20%. (2). Ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktiviats kerja guru sebesar 54.40% (3) Ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap produktivitas kerja guru sebesar 62.50%. Saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah Kepala sekolah perlu mengembangkan kegiatan yang dapat mendorong pada peningkatan motivasi kerja adalah kepada sekolah mampu mendelegasikan wewenangnya kepada guru-guru sehingga guru akan berlatih bertanggungjawab dan berlatih mengambil resiko sebuah pekerjaan.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KEDISIPLINAN GURU TERHADAP MUTU SEKOLAH DI SD DAERAH BINAAN II UNIT PENGELOLA PENDIDIKAN KECAMATAN BELIK, KABUPATEN PEMALANG
Authors: Ngadi Ngadi , Sudharto Sudharto , Abdullah Ghufron 
Published: February 2021

Mutu dibidang pendidikan meliputi mutu input, proses, output, dan outcome. Input pendidikan dinyatakan bermutu apabila mampu menciptakan suasana yang aktiv, kreativ, menyenangkan, dan bermakna. Output dinyatakan bermutu jika hasil belajar akademik dan non akademik siswa tinggi. Out come dinyatakan bermutu apabila lulusan cepat terserap di dunia kerja, gaji wajar, semua pihak mengakui kehebatan lulusan dan merasa puas. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi mutu sekolah yakni kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kedisiplinan guru dalam mengajar.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap mutu sekolah, (2) menganalisis pengaruh kedisiplinan guru terhadap mutu sekolah, (3) menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan dan kedisiplinan guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu sekolah di SD Dabin II Kecamatan Belik Kabupaten Pemalang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) korelasi variabel kepemimpinan terhadap mutu sekolah sebesar 0,662 kuat, dengan pengaruh variabel kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap mutu sekolah sebesar 43,8%, (2) korelasi variabel kedisiplinan guru terhadap mutu sekolah sebesar 0,602 kuat, dengan pengaruh variabel kedisiplinan guru terhadap mutu sekolah adalah sebesar 63,7%, (3) hasil uji regresi ganda diperoleh besaran nilai R2 adalah 0,486 artinya bahwa besaranya pengaruh variabel kepemimpinan kepala sekolahdan kedisiplinan guru terhadap mutu sekolah adalah 48,6%, sedangkan variabel lain yang berpengaruh adalah sebesar 51,4%.
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH SALT DIET AND EXERCISE ON THE WATER-SALT BALANCE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN RATS
Authors: GÜNGÖR Buket , AKDUR Afet Seçil , SILAN Coskun , AKSULU Hakki Engin , ŞAHİN Orhan 
Published: February 2021

In the study which was prepared based on the factors that can take place in essential hypertension pathology; We aimed to investigate the interactions of intensive exercise, high salt and partial NOS inhibition applications with each other, the effects on water-salt balance and blood pressure, changes in the intrarenal dopaminergic system, which is an important natriuretic system, and the participation of oxidative stress. The rats were given intensive exercise on a treadmill at a speed of 25 m / min at 5% inclination for 30 minutes a day, LNNA at a concentration of 50 mg / L and a high salt diet of 4% for 7 days either separately or together. Blood pressures of the rats were measured on the first and last days of the experiment, and the rats were taken into metabolic cages; 24-hour water intake and urinevolume were measured. Dopamine levels were measured in 24-hour urine to detect intrarenal dopamine synthesis. In addition, oxidative stress parameters in the serums of rats; TAS, TOS and OSI levels were measured. Blood pressure was found to be high in the groups in which intensive exercise was applied together with LNNA and high salt diet. While there was no change in the water balance of this group, it was found that sodium excretion and dopamine levels increased in 24-hour urine. In addition, it was found that the total oxidant status increased in this group, and oxidative stress developed as a result of insufficient antioxidant system. It suggests that the reason of hypertension that develops with the application of intensive exercise together with LNNA and high salt diet may be due to the vascular resistance increasing effect of oxidative stress rather than water-salt retention and it points out the necessity of studies to fully detect vascular tissue oxidative stress markers and vascular oxidative damage.
SOLID STATE RELAY SWITCHES CONTROL USING MSP 430 FOR INSTANTANEOUS HIGH CURRENT SUPPLY
Authors: T.K Smitha , Shah Pritum 
Published: February 2021

Microcontroller MSP430 is used to control the SSR switches to supply a very high current. PC is interfaced to the supercomputer for computations. SSR and contactor switches are used to pass the current. Capacitor discharge system is also used to supply a very high current around 170-200A. High current is passed to the sample specimen placed inside the heater which needs to be heated at a very high temperature. The current pulse is generated by the capacitor discharge system. Power supply for regular heater is suspended temporarily and capacitor is allowed to discharge using the Capacitor discharge heating. This is achieved by the instructions through the computer to the microcontroller. Current injection at the particular instant is done with the help of a software by initiating an interrupt from the computer. The interrupt pin of the microcontroller becomes high by this and the operation is initiated correspondingly. Thus the MSP430 receives the command to give the necessary pulse of current for heating at the required time. Feedback is received with regard to the position of the switches whether the particular SSR is ON or OFF. Injection of power depends on the corresponding switch positions by giving the necessary instructions by the computer.
AN OVERVIEW OF DROUGHT ANALYSIS: ASSESSING DROUGHT SEVERITY BASED ON FLUCTUATION IN RAINFALL TREND BY STANDARD PRECIPITATION INDEX FOR SHIVAMOGGA DISTRICT
Authors: Kothari Kunal , Bharath  , Gadgihalli Vishal , Hilal Aiman 
Published: February 2021

The Standard precipitation index expresses the actual rainfall as a standardized departure with respect to rainfall probability distribution function and hence the index has gained importance in recent years as a potential job indicator permitting comparison across space and time. The computation of SPI requires long term data on precipitation.
Droughts are hydro metrological events affecting vast regions and causing significant structural and non-structural damages. Drought predictions may prevent these type of adverse consequences to a significant extant.
This work regarding the drought analysis by assessing the drought severity based on fluctuation in rainfall trend by standard precipitation index for Shivamogga district by 30years rainfall data from rain gauge reading of different station in different Taluk of Shivamogga district.
A Analysis of the relationship between the working environment and employee performance in selected construction firms in Karachi city
Authors: Lakhiara Muhammad Tarique Lakhiara 
Published: February 2021

A healthy working environment is important for the performance of workers to prevent undue burden on employees, thus impacting their job efficiency. Numerous working environment factors contributed to job satisfaction. The goal of this analysis was, therefore, to explore the correlation between working environment and the employee performance on the basis of five working environment dimensions. This study utilized the quantitative approach and collected data through questionnaires. The respondents of this study were employees of all positions, which include the manager, senior to junior executives in selected construction firms of Karachi city. By using Pearson's Correlation Analysis, the data were analyzed to measure the relationship among variables. The results indicate that the workplace environment and employee performance have a significant relationship. The support of supervisors was thus identified as the main element in maintaining a positive workplace environment.
Foreign Ownership Effect to Stock Market Liquidity in Indonesia
Authors: Yasmin Annisa 
Published: February 2021

Background – One of economic indicators of a country is the capital market. Liquid capital market can attract investors, both foreign and domestic investors, to invest their ownership in that country, which in turn can improve the country’s economic growth. Aim – This research aims to examine the influence foreign ownership on stock market liquidity in Indonesia. Design / methodology / approach – This research splits foreign ownership into two groups, the first one is foreign ownership by financial institutions, and the second one is foreign ownership by non-financial corporations. The type of data used is panel data using fixed effect model (FEM). The technique for examining the influence of foreign ownership on liquidity used multiple regression analysis. Findings – The result found that foreign ownership by financial institutions and non-financial corporations negatively affect liquidity. The study also found a positively non-linear effect between foreign ownership by financial institutions to liquidity and a negatively non-linear effect between foreign ownership by non-financial institutions to liquidity. Research implication – This research can assist investors in determining investment in the Indonesian capital market by pay attention to variables such as foreign ownership, return, turnover, market capitalization and standard deviation. Limitation – The research period was short, which was only 21 months due to limited data and the research period that has passed too long, that is January 2012 to September 2013.