bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time and the etiology of Acute Kidney Injury define prognosis in the course of COVID-19
Authors: Murt Ahmet , Dincer Mevlut Tamer , Karaca Cebrail , Trabulus Sinan , Karaali Ridvan , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Seyahi Nurhan , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim Kidneys are among the affected organs in COVID-19 and there may be different etiologies resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) in different stages of the disease. This study aimed to analyze AKI among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to the time and etiologies of AKI. Methods 1056 patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 diagnosis in our institution were retrospectively evaluated and 383 of them met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-nine patients who developed AKI were involved in the final analysis. Patients were classified into three groups, those who had AKI on admission, those who developed AKI in the first week and those who developed AKI starting from 7th day. Initial lymphocyte counts, creatinine levels, electrolytes, acid-base status and changes in the inflammatory markers were compared between the groups. A comparison between patients who survived and who died was also performed.Results AKI had 24% mortality in COVID-19 patients who had eGFRs of over 60 ml/min/1,73 m2. Patients who developed AKI later had higher peak CRP and D-dimer levels with lower nadir lymphocyte counts (p=0,000, 0,004 and 0,003 respectively). Mortality of patients who had AKI on hospital admission (13%) was similar to the overall COVID-19 mortality for inpatients, however it was 44% for those who developed AKI after 7th day. Early AKI was related to pre-renal causes and had a milder course. However, later AKIs were more related to immunologic response and had significantly higher mortality. Conclusions AKI in COVID-19 is not of one kind. When developed, AKI should be evaluated in conjunction with the disease stage and possible etiologies. AKI that develops later has a worse prognosis.
Trends in Incidence and Histological Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (1996-2015): A Population-Based Study
Authors: Pham Dung , Nguyen Hien , Phung An , Bui Tung , Tran Thach , Tran Bich , Ho-Pham Lan , Nguyen Tuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the trends in incidence and histological pattern of thyroid cancer in Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2015.MethodsA population-based study retrieved data from the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry during 1996-2015. Trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer were investigated based on age, gender, and histology for each 5-year period. Annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rates was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn the study period, there were 5 953 thyroid cancer cases (men-to-women ratio 1:4.5) newly diagnosed in Ho Chi Minh City with the mean age of 42.9 years (±14.9 years). The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased from 2.4 per 100 000 during 1996-2000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.2-2.6) to 7.5 per 100 000 during 2011-2015 (95% CI: 7.3-7.9), corresponded to an overall APC of 8.7 (95% CI 7.6-9.9). The APC in men and women was 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2-8.2) and 9.2 (95% CI: 8.0-10.4), respectively. The incidence rate in the <45 years age group was the highest diagnosed overall and increased significantly in both men (APC 11.0) and women (APC 10.1). Both genders shared similar distribution of subtype incidences, with papillary thyroid cancer constituted the most diagnosed (73.3% in men and 85.2% in women). The papillary thyroid cancer observed a markedly increase overall (APC of 10.7 (95% CI 9.3-12.0)).ConclusionsThere were appreciable increases in the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in both genders, mainly contributed by the papillary subtype. The age of patients at diagnosis decreased gradually. The widespread utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques and healthcare accessibility improvement might play a potential role in these trends. Further investigations are needed to comprehend the risk factors and trends fully.
A Novel Bedside HIPEC as Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Gastric Cancer Patients after D2 Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Lili , Sun Li , Zhang Ning , Liao Cheng-gong , Su Haichuan , Min Jie , Song Yang , Yang Xue , Huang Xiaofeng , Chen Dongxu , Chen Yu , Zhang Hong-wei , Zhang Helong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background To investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel bedside prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer after radical D2 gastrectomy.Methods Total 114 patients with stage III gastric cancer were randomly assigned to bedside HIPEC or control treatment groups two weeks after radical D2 gastrectomy. HIPEC group was treated with cisplatin (60 mg/m2) through HIPEC, which was given on day 1 and 3 (30 mg/m2 each time), plus oral administration of S-1 twice daily at 40–60 mg/time for 14 days. Control group was treated with cisplatin (60 mg/m2), which was administered intravenously once, plus oral administration of S-1 twice daily, 40–60 mg/time, for 14 days. Patients in either group were given 6–8 cycles of the therapy.Results Median of disease-free survival (DFS) was 21.0 months in the HIPEC group, which was significantly longer than that in the control group (14.0 months, P = 0.039). The rate of 2-year DFS in the HIPEC group was higher than that in the control group although it was not statistically significant (47.3% vs 29.4%). In contrast, incidence of peritoneal metastasis was lower in the HIPEC (6/57, 10.5%) in comparison to that in the control group (12/57, 21.1%, P = 0.198). Patients in both groups completed an average of 5.9 cycles of the therapy with no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects (except thrombocytopenia).Conclusion HIPEC with cisplatin plus oral S-1 is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for the patients with advanced gastric cancer following radical D2 gastrectomy.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and nutrition: results from an online survey on patients’ practices and perceptions
Authors: Pham Thao , Sokol Harry , Haliqua Bruno , Pourcel Graziella , Brun Manuel , Pain Emilie , Testa Damien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The central role of microbiota and the contribution of diet in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are increasingly examined. However, patients’ perspectives on nutrition and its impact on their disease has not received a lot of attention. We aimed to directly collect information from patients with IMID about their dietary behaviors and their perceptions of the influence of nutrition on their disease.Methods Adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or psoriasis registered in an online patient community were invited to participate in the study and complete an online self-administered questionnaire. We assessed patients’ dietary knowledge and choices by collecting information on the diet regimens they were following or recommended and their perceptions of the diet and its consequences on their disease.Results Fifty patients per target disease were included with a mean age of 48.1 years (95%CI 46.7–49.6). Other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics varied across the diseases. Since diagnosis, 44% of the patients changed their eating habits, mainly patients with inflammatory bowel disease with 69% of these making the change on their own initiative. Patients who did not change their diet habits reported not having received nutritional advice from their healthcare professionals (HCP) in 69% of the cases. The perceived impact of nutrition on their symptoms was mixed (overall 74% of the patients reported positive consequences and 60% negative ones) and varied across the diseases. Patients with psoriasis only experienced positive consequences from changing their diet, such as reduction of stress and improved mental health, while patients with Crohn’s disease reported more negative effects such as increased fatigue and disturbed sleep. Patients with rheumatic diseases and ulcerative colitis reported weight loss and better physical fitness, but also increased fatigue.Conclusions Even if differences exist across diseases, the importance of nutrition and its potential positive role in symptom management is acknowledged by the majority of the patients. However, there is a need and a demand from patients to receive more dietary advice. Developing therapeutic education tools on nutrition for people with IMID and involving patients’ organizations would provide useful information and encourage communication between HCP and patients.
Full-duplex Reflective Beamsteering Metasurface Featuring Magnetless Nonreciprocal Amplification
Authors: Taravati Sajjad , Eleftheriades George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nonreciprocal radiation refers to electromagnetic wave radiation in which a structure provides different response under the change of the direction of the incident field. Modern wireless telecommunication systems demand versatile apparatuses which are capable of full-duplex nonreciprocal wave processing and amplification, especially in the reflective state. Here, we propose full-duplex reflective beamsteering metasurfaces for magnetless nonreciprocal wave amplification. To realize such a unique, extraordinary and versatile functionality, we propose a completely new architecture in which a chain of series cascaded radiating patches are integrated with nonreciprocal phase shifters, providing an efficient mechanism for wave reception, signal amplification, nonmagnetic nonreciprocal phase shifting and steerable wave reflection. Having accomplished all these functionalities in the reflective state, the metasurface represents a conspicuous apparatus for efficient, controllable and programmable wave engineering for wireless telecommunications. Such an ultrathin reflective metasurface can provide directive and diverse radiation beams, and steerable beams by simply changing the bias of the gradient active nonmagnetic nonreciprocal phase shifters. The proposed structure provides large wave amplification and is immune to undesired time harmonics, yielding a highly efficient full-duplex reflective beamsteering apparatus.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Pneumonia Lesions and Lymphocyte counts Associated with Disease Severity among Convalescent COVID-19 Patients: A Group-based Multi-trajectory Analysis
Authors: shi nannan , huang chao , zhang qi , shi chunzi , liu fengjun , song fengxiang , hou qinguo , shen jie , shan fei , su xiaoming , liu jia , zhang zhiyong , shi lei , shi yuxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo explore the long-term trajectories considering pneumonia volumes and lymphocyte counts with individual data in COVID-19. MethodsA cohort of 257 convalescent COVID-19 patients (131 male and 126 females) were included. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was applied to identify different trajectories in terms of pneumonia lesion percentage and lymphocyte counts covering the time from onset to post-discharge follow-ups. We studied the basic characteristics and disease severity associated with the trajectories.ResultsWe characterised four distinct trajectory subgroups. (1) Group 1 (13.9%), pneumonia increased until a peak lesion percentage of 1.9% (IQR 0.7~4.4) before absorption. The slightly decreased lymphocyte rapidly recovered to the top half of the normal range. (2) Group 2 (44.7%), the peak lesion percentage was 7.2% (IQR 3.2~12.7). The abnormal lymphocyte count restored to normal soon. (3) Group 3 (26.0%), the peak lesion percentage reached 14.2% (IQR 8.5~19.8). The lymphocytes continuously dropped to 0.75 × 109/L after one day post-onset before slowly recovering. (4) Group 4 (15.4%), the peak lesion percentage reached 41.4% (IQR 34.8~47.9), much higher than other groups. Lymphopenia was aggravated until the lymphocytes declined to 0.80 × 109/L on the fourth day and slowly recovered later. Patients in the higher order groups were older and more likely to have hypertension and diabetes (all P values < 0.05), and have more severe disease.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insights to understand the heterogeneous natural courses of COVID-19 patients and the associations of distinct trajectories with disease severity, which is essential to improve the early risk assessment, patient monitoring, and follow-up schedule.
Low Bone Mineral Density Following Gastric Bypass Is Not Explained by Lifestyle and Lack of Exercise
Authors: Hultin Hella , Stevens Katharina , Sundbom Magnus , Hellman Per 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in particular, is associated with weight loss as well as low bone mineral density. Bone mineral density relies upon multiple factors, some of which are lifestyle factors. The aim of this study was to compare lifestyle factors in order to eliminate them as culprits of the suspected difference in BMD in RYGBP operated and controls. Materials and Methods: Study participants included 71 RYGBP-operated women (42.3 yrs, BMI 33.1) and 94 controls (32.4 years, BMI 23.9). Each completed a DEXA scan, as well as survey of lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity in daily life, corticosteroid use, and calcium intake). All study participants were premenopausal Caucasian women living in the same area. Blood samples were taken in RYGBP-patients.Results: BMD was significantly lower in RYGBP, femoral neck 0.98 vs. 1.04 g/cm2 compared to controls, despite higher BMI (present and at 20 years of age) and similar physical activity and calcium intake. In a multivariate analysis, increased time since surgery and age were negatively associated with BMD of the femoral neck and total hip in RYGBP patients. Conclusion: Despite similar lifestyle, RYGBP was followed by a lower BMD compared to controls. Thus, the reduced BMD in RYGBP cannot be explained, seemingly nor prevented, by lifestyle factors. As the reduction in BMD was associated with time since surgery, strict follow-up is a lifelong necessity after bariatric surgery, and especially important in younger bariatric patients.
Novel Application of Automated Machine Learning With Maldi-Tof-Ms For Rapid High-Throughput Screening of Covid-19: A Proof Of Concept
Authors: Tran Nam , Howard Taylor , Walsh Ryan , Pepper John , Loegering Julia , Phinney Brett , Salemi Michelle , Rashidi Hooman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unsustainable need for molecular diagnostic testing. Molecular approaches such as reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers highly sensitive and specific means to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, however, despite it being the accepted “gold standard”, molecular platforms often require a tradeoff between speed versus throughput. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) – time of flight (TOF) – mass spectrometry (MS) has been proposed as a potential solution for COVID-19 testing and finding a balance between analytical performance, speed, and throughput, without relying on impacted supply chains. Combined with machine learning (ML), this MALDI-TOF-MS approach could overcome logistical barriers encountered by current testing paradigms. We evaluated the analytical performance of an ML-enhanced MALDI-TOF-MS method for screening COVID-19. Residual nasal swab samples from adult volunteers were used for testing and compared against RT-PCR. Two optimized ML models were identified, exhibiting accuracy of 98.3%, positive percent agreement (PPA) of 100%, negative percent agreement (NPA) of 96%, and accuracy of 96.6%, PPA of 98.5%, and NPA of 94% respectively. Machine learning enhanced MALDI-TOF-MS for COVID-19 testing exhibited performance comparable to existing commercial SARS-CoV-2 tests.
Efficacy of Doxycycline in treating COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Meybody Zohreh Akhoundi , Owlia Mohammad Bagher , Owlia Sina , Mousavinasab Seyed Rohollah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Given the high morbidity and mortality caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), scientific research is necessary to achieve a proper treatment regimen. Since doxycycline is effective in reducing inflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNF-alpha that play an important role in initiating cytokine storms and probably causing death in patients with COVID-19, its use is associated with low side effects and can be used orally, the present study was attempted to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19.Methods: This descriptive and prospective study was performed on inpatients and outpatients were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal secretions or computerized tomography scan (CT Scan). Patients who met the inclusion criteria received doxycycline at a dose of 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days and then were evaluated on the baseline day and on days 3, 7, and 14 after admission for cough, Shortness of breath, temperature and oxygen saturation.Results: Out of 21 patients, 11 patients were male and 10 patients were female. Cough, SOB, temperature, and O2 sat improved in both of outpatients and inpatients compared to baseline. In general, the results showed that doxycycline was more effective in improving cough, SOB, temperature, and O2 sat in outpatients than inpatients.Conclusion: It can be concluded that doxycycline with the dose and duration prescribed in our study could play an effective role in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
Adipose Tissue Transplant Impregnated with Collagen Increases Engraftment by Promoting Cell Proliferation, Neovascularization, and Macrophage Activity in a Rat
Authors: Suzuki Chika , Komiya Takako , Inoue Hana , Yoshimoto Takayuki , Matsumura Hajime 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To clarify the effect of impregnating transplanted adipose tissue with collagen on angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling process and to reveal whether collagen impregnation contributes to improving the engraftment of transplanted adipose tissue in rats.Methods: Adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal and injected into the back of the rat, in addition to collagen. Engraftment tissue was harvested, semi-quantitatively evaluated and underwent HE or Perilipin staining. Moreover, we evaluated viable adipocyte counts and neovascularization. Macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry, and the adiponectin or VEGF mRNA was detected using real-time PCR. Results: By impregnating transplanted adipose tissue with collagen, higher engraftment rate semi-quantitatively and a greater number of new blood vessels histologically were identified. Perilipin staining revealed a higher adipocyte number. The total cell, M1 macrophage, and M2 macrophage count were higher. There was increased adiponectin mRNA significantly at week 4 compared to that at week 1 after transplantation. Note that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA increased.Discussion: In rats, collagen impregnation enhanced cell proliferation, induced M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing, and promoted adipocytes and neovascularization. Therefore, impregnating transplanted adipose tissue with collagen could increase the engraftment rate of adipose tissue.
Protective Effect of Alamandine on Doxorubicin‑Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Hekmat Ava Soltani , Chenari Ameneh , Alipanah Hiva , Javanmardi Kazem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of alamandine, a new member of the angiotensin family, against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: Rats, intraperitoneally injected with DOX (3.750 mg/kg/week) to reach total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg on day 35. Alamandine (50µg/kg/day) was administered to the rats via mini-osmotic pumps for 42 days. At the end of experiment, rats were placed in the metabolic cages for 24 h for measurement of water intake and urine output. After scarification, Serum and kidney tissues were collected, and biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out.Results: Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), pro-fibrotic mediator (TGF-β), pro-inflammatory transcription factor (NF-kB), renal MDA, creatinine clearance, BUN, and water intake were increased by DOX administration. On the other hand, renal SOD, renal GPx activity and urinary output were decreased in the DOX-treated group. Alamandine co-therapy decreased these effects, as confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemical analysisConclusion: The results of this study suggest that alamandine has the potential in preventing the nephrotoxicity induced by DXR in rats.
Terlipressin for Hepatorenal Syndrome-Acute Kidney Injury in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: liu songtao , Meng Qinghua , Hu Zhongjie , Lu Jun , Liu Mei , Wang Meiping , Xu Yuan , Zhou Jianxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Patients with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) based on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have a high rate of mortality. Terlipressin combined with albumin is the first line therapy for HRS-AKI in cirrhosis, however, whether it is more effective than albumin alone in ACLF is unclear. We aimed to analyze therapeutic effects of terlipressin in these patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with HRS-AKI based on ACLF at Beijing You’an Hospital between October 2010 and October 2019. The primary endpoint was a reversal rate of HRS-AKI, which was defined as serum creatinine (sCr) reduced to within 0.3 mg/dL of baseline. The secondary endpoints included a reversal rate of HRS in patients with sCr<1.5mg/dL and 28-day survival. Results: 221 of 755 patients meet inclusion criteria. 113 cases were treated with terlipressin plus albumin (TA group), whereas 108 cases with albumin alone (AA group). The reversal rate of HRS-AKI in TA group was higher compared to in AA group (35.39% vs 23.15%, P = 0.046). Additionally, reversal time in TA group was 8.18 ± 4.39 days, compared to 11.29 ± 3.67 days in AA group ( P = 0.005). In patients with sCr < 1.5mg/dL, reversal rate of HRS-AKI in TA group was 41.46% (17/47) compared to 19.61% (10/51) in AA group (P = 0.067). Furthermore, reversal time in TA group was 8.12±5.75 days, compared to 9.40±2.67 days in AA group (P=0.117). Notably, 28-day overall survival and transplantation-free survival in TA group was better than AA group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Terlipressin combined albumin was effective for HRS-AKI in ACLF. Combination therapy tends to be more beneficial for patients with sCr level <1.5 mg/dL.