bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of medicaid expansion on poverty disparities in health insurance coverage
Authors: Lin Yilu , Monnette Alisha , Shi Lizheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
More than 30 states have either expanded Medicaid or are actively considering expansion. The coverage gains from this policy are well documented, however, the impacts of its increasing coverage on poverty disparity are unclear at the national level.

Method
American Community Survey (2012–2018) was used to examine the effects of Medicaid expansion on poverty disparity in insurance coverage for nonelderly adults in the United States. Differences-in-differences-in-differences design was used to analyze trends in uninsured rates by poverty levels: (1) < 138 %, (2) 138–400 % and (3) > 400 % federal poverty level (FPL).

Results
Compared with uninsured rates in 2012, uninsured rates in 2018 decreased by 10.75 %, 6.42 %, and 1.11 % for < 138 %, 138–400 %, and > 400 % FPL, respectively. From 2012 to 2018, > 400 % FPL group continuously had the lowest uninsured rate and < 138 % FPL group had the highest uninsured rate. Compared with ≥ 138 % FPL groups, there was a 2.54 % reduction in uninsured risk after Medicaid expansion among < 138 % FPL group in Medicaid expansion states versus control states. After eliminating the impact of the ACA market exchange premium subsidy, 3.18 % decrease was estimated.

Conclusion
Poverty disparity in uninsured rates improved with Medicaid expansion. However, < 138 % FPL population are still at a higher risk for being uninsured.
French recommendations for the management of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hachulla Eric , Agard Christian , Allanore Yannick , Avouac Jerome , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Belot Alexandre , Berezne Alice , Bouthors Anne-Sophie , Condette-Wojtasik Geraldine , Constans Joël , De Groote Pascal , Diot Elisabeth , Dumas Florence , Jego Patrick , Joly Francisca , Launay David , Le Guern Veronique , Le Quintrec Janine-Sophie , Lescaille Geraldine , Meune Christophe , Moulin Bruno , Nguyen Christelle , Omeish Nadine , Pene Frederic , Richard Marie-Aleth , Rochefort Juliette , Roren Alexandra , Sitbon Olivier , Sobanski Vincent , Truchetet Marie-Elise , Mouthon Luc ,   Collaborators, Bayen Marc , Bergot Emmanuel , Berthier Sabine , Bosco Julia , Bouhnik Yoram , Chaigne Benjamin , Cottin Vincent , Crestani Bruno , Deligny Christophe , Descroix Vianney , Farge Dominique , Godard Dominique , Granel Brigitte , Guilpain Philippe , Imbert Bernard , Le Quellec Alain , Lega Christophe , Lok Catherine , Maillard Hélène , Martin Thierry , Pugnet Grégory , Queyrel Viviane , Raffray Loïc , Rilliard Frédéric , Romier Mélanie , Schuller Laurence , Servettaz Amélie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized disease of the connective tissue, arterioles, and microvessels, characterized by the appearance of fibrosis and vascular obliteration. There are two main phenotypical forms of SSc: a diffuse cutaneous form that extends towards the proximal region of the limbs and/or torso, and a limited cutaneous form where the cutaneous sclerosis only affects the extremities of the limbs (without passing beyond the elbows and knees). There also exists in less than 10% of cases forms that never involve the skin. This is called SSc sine scleroderma. The prognosis depends essentially on the occurrence of visceral damage and more particularly interstitial lung disease (which is sometimes severe), pulmonary arterial hypertension, or primary cardiac damage, which represent the three commonest causes of mortality in SSc. Another type of involvement with poor prognosis, scleroderma renal crisis, is rare (less than 5% of cases). Cutaneous extension is also an important parameter, with the diffuse cutaneous forms having less favorable prognosis.
DeTOKI identifies and characterizes the dynamics of chromatin TAD-like domains in a single cell
Authors: Li Xiao , Zeng Guangjie , Li Angsheng , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTopologically associating domains (TAD) are a key structure of the 3D mammalian genomes. However, the prevalence and dynamics of TAD-like domains in single cells remain elusive. Here we develop a new algorithm, named deTOKI, to decode TAD-like domains with single-cell Hi-C data. By non-negative matrix factorization, deTOKI seeks regions that insulate the genome into blocks with minimal chance of clustering. deTOKI outperforms competing tools and reliably identifies TAD-like domains in single cells. Finally, we find that TAD-like domains are not only prevalent, but also subject to tight regulation in single cells.
Single and combined effect of kinesio tape and warm-up on sprint cycling performance
Authors: Rossi Alessio , Formenti Damiano , Cavaggioni Luca , Alberti Giampietro , Esposito Fabio , D’Angelo Fabio , Trecroci Athos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The fact that kinesio tape may be capable to enhance muscle power would qualify it as practical tool to be considered during passive warm-up (WU) or coupled with active WU processes prior to power-based performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the single and combined effect of kinesio tape (KT) and WU on sprint cycling performance.

Methods
In a repeated measure design, fifteen participants underwent six sessions to assess sprint cycling performance involving a combination of three taping conditions (without KT: NoKT; with KT positioned vertically over the thigh muscles KT; with KT positioned horizontally over the thigh muscles: Sham) with two pre-exercise routines (with WU: WU; without WU: NoWU) in a randomized order. Allometric scaling of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) values were considered for each sprint.

Results
KT-WU demonstrated the highest PP and AP with respect to the other conditions (p < 0.05), except for AP that was similar to Sham-WU (p > 0.05). Moreover, NoKT-NoWU showed the lowest PP and AP with respect to the other conditions (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Overall, our findings suggest that kinesio tape might be a possible tool to be combined with an active WU routine, inducing benefit on sprint performance. Moreover, KT may be considered a potential strategy to include within a passive WU, perhaps where an active WU is not feasible. However, as the influence of KT on muscle function is still unclear, our results should not be overinterpreted.
Exploring health workers’ experiences of mental health challenges during care of patients with COVID-19 in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Muzyamba Choolwe , Makova Ogylive , Mushibi Geofrey Samukulu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to qualitatively investigate the lived experiences of mental health among frontline health workers providing COVID-19-realted care in Uganda. This study provides insights into the contextual realities of the mental health of health workers facing greater challenges given the lack of adequate resources, facilities and health workers to meet the demand brought about by COVID-19.

Results
All in all, our findings suggest that healthcare workers are under enormous stress during this pandemic, however, in order to effectively respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda, it is important to understand their challenges and sources of these challenges. The government thus has the reasonability to address most of the sources that were highlighted (long working hours, lack of proper equipment, lack of sleep, exhaustion, and experiencing high death rate under their care). Further, the Ugandan social fabric presents an opportunity for coping through its strong communal links and networks. Scaling these forms of local responses is cheap but contextually useful for a country with limited resources like Uganda.
MEK inhibition ameliorates social behavior phenotypes in a Spred1 knockout mouse model for RASopathy disorders
Authors: Borrie Sarah C. , Plasschaert Ellen , Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna , Yoshimura Akihiko , D’Hooge Rudi , Elgersma Ype , Kushner Steven A. , Legius Eric , Brems Hilde 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRASopathies are a group of disorders that result from mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in regulating the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway, and have an increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Legius syndrome is a rare RASopathy caused by loss-of-function mutations in theSPRED1gene. The patient phenotype is similar to, but milder than, Neurofibromatosis type 1—another RASopathy caused by loss-of-function mutations in theNF1gene. RASopathies exhibit increased activation of Ras-MAPK signaling and commonly manifest with cognitive impairments and ASD. Here, we investigated if aSpred1-/-mouse model for Legius syndrome recapitulates ASD-like symptoms, and whether targeting the Ras-MAPK pathway has therapeutic potential in this RASopathy mouse model.MethodsWe investigated social and communicative behaviors inSpred1-/-mice and probed therapeutic mechanisms underlying the observed behavioral phenotypes by pharmacological targeting of the Ras-MAPK pathway with the MEK inhibitor PD325901.ResultsSpred1-/-mice have robust increases in social dominance in the automated tube test and reduced adult ultrasonic vocalizations during social communication. Neonatal ultrasonic vocalization was also altered, with significant differences in spectral properties.Spred1-/-mice also exhibit impaired nesting behavior. Acute MEK inhibitor treatment in adulthood with PD325901 reversed the enhanced social dominance inSpred1-/-mice to normal levels, and improved nesting behavior in adultSpred1-/-mice.LimitationsThis study used an acute treatment protocol to administer the drug. It is not known what the effects of longer-term treatment would be on behavior. Further studies titrating the lowest dose of this drug that is required to alterSpred1-/-social behavior are still required. Finally, our findings are in a homozygous mouse model, whereas patients carry heterozygous mutations. These factors should be considered before any translational conclusions are drawn.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate for the first time that social behavior phenotypes in a mouse model for RASopathies (Spred1-/-) can be acutely reversed. This highlights a key role for Ras-MAPK dysregulation in mediating social behavior phenotypes in mouse models for ASD, suggesting that proper regulation of Ras-MAPK signaling is important for social behavior.
A Sri Lankan girl with a new genetic variant in the PKLR gene causing pyruvate kinase deficiency: a case report
Authors: Sivashangar Ahalyaa , Gooneratne Lallindra , Clark Barnaby , Rees David , Jayasinghe Saroj , Laas Claire 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase is expressed under the control of the PKLR gene located on chromosome 1q21. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the final steps of the glycolytic pathway and creates 50% of the red cell total adenosine triphosphate. Pyruvate kinase deficiency is the commonest glycolytic defect causing congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia inherited in an autosomal recessive trait in which homozygotes and compound heterozygotes are common. Over 200 mutations have been described in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency. This case report identifies a new pathogenic variant in PKLR gene detected in a patient with severe pyruvate kinase deficiency.

Case presentation
A Sri Lankan Sinhalese girl who developed neonatal anemia and jaundice within 24 hours of birth with mild hepatomegaly. She was from a nonconsanguineous marriage and had two siblings who had no hematological disorders. She had repeated admissions due to similar illnesses and at the age of 8 years was found to have pyruvate kinase deficiency associated with a novel homozygous pathogenic variant c.507+1delG in the PKLR gene.

Conclusions
A novel genetic variant in PKLR gene, consistent with pyruvate kinase deficiency, was detected in a Sri Lankan girl. This genetic variant may be specific to the Asian population and requires further studies.
Modeling the temporal dynamics of cervicovaginal microbiota identifies targets that may promote reproductive health
Authors: Munoz Alexander , Hayward Matthew R. , Bloom Seth M. , Rocafort Muntsa , Ngcapu Sinaye , Mafunda Nomfuneko A. , Xu Jiawu , Xulu Nondumiso , Dong Mary , Dong Krista L. , Ismail Nasreen , Ndung’u Thumbi , Ghebremichael Musie S. , Kwon Douglas S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cervicovaginal bacterial communities composed of diverse anaerobes with low Lactobacillus abundance are associated with poor reproductive outcomes such as preterm birth, infertility, cervicitis, and risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher prevalence of these high-risk bacterial communities when compared to Western populations. However, the transition of cervicovaginal communities between high- and low-risk community states over time is not well described in African populations.

Results
We profiled the bacterial composition of 316 cervicovaginal swabs collected at 3-month intervals from 88 healthy young Black South African women with a median follow-up of 9 months per participant and developed a Markov-based model of transition dynamics that accurately predicted bacterial composition within a broader cross-sectional cohort. We found that Lactobacillus iners-dominant, but not Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant, communities have a high probability of transitioning to high-risk states. Simulating clinical interventions by manipulating the underlying transition probabilities, our model predicts that the population prevalence of low-risk microbial communities could most effectively be increased by manipulating the movement between L. iners- and L. crispatus-dominant communities.

Conclusions
The Markov model we present here indicates that L. iners-dominant communities have a high probability of transitioning to higher-risk states. We additionally identify transitions to target to increase the prevalence of L. crispatus-dominant communities. These findings may help guide future intervention strategies targeted at reducing bacteria-associated adverse reproductive outcomes among women living in sub-Saharan Africa.
Intracranial calcification in venous congestion
Authors: Sankala Hairuddin Achmad , Hashim Hilwati 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Intracranial calcification is a common finding on brain imaging which can be non-specific. The calcification can be physiological or pathological. Likewise, subcortical calcification is a non-specific finding on non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography. This could be secondary to multiple underlying diseases such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Fahr disease, post-chemoradiotherapy change, and metabolic disorders secondary to parathyroid or thyroid gland abnormalities. On the other hand, subcortical calcification secondary to arteriovenous malformation and dural venous fistula are uncommon findings. We report two cases with subcortical calcification secondary to these vascular malformations. We aim to highlight the importance of recognising subcortical calcification as one of the possible imaging appearances of dural venous fistula and arteriovenous malformation.

Case presentation
We report two cases, whom were a 45-year-old lady and a 20-year-old man, with subcortical calcification on non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which were later confirmed to be secondary to chronic venous congestion as the results of dural venous fistula and arteriovenous malformation, respectively. Both patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and digital substraction angiography to confirm the diagnosis. Subsequently, both patients were offered embolisation with the 45-year-old lady opting for conservative management and the 20-year-old man waiting for the procedure, at the time of writing.

Conclusion
Venous congestion secondary to intracranial vascular malformation is an important differential diagnosis for extensive subcortical and basal ganglia calcification. Knowledge on the possibility of vascular malformation to present with subcortical calcification is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement of the patients.
Acalabrutinib Versus Ibrutinib in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Results of the First Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Byrd John C. , Hillmen Peter , Ghia Paolo , Kater Arnon P. , Chanan-Khan Asher , Furman Richard R. , O'Brien Susan , Yenerel Mustafa Nuri , Illés Arpad , Kay Neil , Garcia-Marco Jose A. , Mato Anthony , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Seymour John F. , Lepretre Stephane , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Robak Tadeusz , Rothbaum Wayne , Izumi Raquel , Hamdy Ahmed , Patel Priti , Higgins Kara , Sohoni Sophia , Jurczak Wojciech 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE Among Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, acalabrutinib has greater selectivity than ibrutinib, which we hypothesized would improve continuous therapy tolerability. We conducted an open-label, randomized, noninferiority, phase III trial comparing acalabrutinib and ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS Patients with previously treated CLL with centrally confirmed del(17)(p13.1) or del(11)(q22.3) were randomly assigned to oral acalabrutinib 100 mg twice daily or ibrutinib 420 mg once daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was independent review committee–assessed noninferiority of progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Overall, 533 patients (acalabrutinib, n = 268; ibrutinib, n = 265) were randomly assigned. At the data cutoff, 124 (46.3%) acalabrutinib patients and 109 (41.1%) ibrutinib patients remained on treatment. After a median follow-up of 40.9 months, acalabrutinib was determined to be noninferior to ibrutinib with a median PFS of 38.4 months in both arms (95% CI acalabrutinib, 33.0 to 38.6 and ibrutinib, 33.0 to 41.6; hazard ratio: 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.27). All-grade atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter incidence was significantly lower with acalabrutinib versus ibrutinib (9.4% v 16.0%; P = .02); among other selected secondary end points, grade 3 or higher infections (30.8% v 30.0%) and Richter transformations (3.8% v 4.9%) were comparable between groups and median overall survival was not reached in either arm (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.15), with 63 (23.5%) deaths with acalabrutinib and 73 (27.5%) with ibrutinib. Treatment discontinuations because of adverse events occurred in 14.7% of acalabrutinib-treated patients and 21.3% of ibrutinib-treated patients. CONCLUSION In this first direct comparison of less versus more selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CLL, acalabrutinib demonstrated noninferior PFS with fewer cardiovascular adverse events.
“When I Heard the Word Palliative”: Obscuring and Clarifying Factors Affecting the Stigma Around Palliative Care Referral in Oncology
Authors: Formagini Taynara , Poague Claire , O'Neal Alicia , Brooks Joanna Veazey 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE: Palliative care (PC) can help patients with cancer manage symptoms and achieve a greater quality of life. However, there are many barriers to patients with cancer receiving referrals to PC, including the stigmatizing association of PC with end of life. This study explores factors that obscure or clarify the stigma around PC referrals and its associations with end of life in cancer care. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design using grounded theory components was designed to investigate barriers to PC referrals for patients receiving treatment at an outpatient cancer center. Interviews with patients, caregivers, and oncology professionals were audio-recorded, transcribed, and independently coded by three investigators to ensure rigor. Participants were asked about their perceptions of PC and PC referral experiences. RESULTS: Interviews with 44 participants revealed both obscuring and clarifying factors surrounding the association of PC as end of life. Prognostic uncertainty, confusion about PC's role, and social network influence all perpetuated an inaccurate and stigmatizing association of PC with end of life. Contrarily, familiarity with PC, prognostic confidence, and clear referral communication helped delineate PC as distinct from end of life. CONCLUSION: To reduce the stigmatizing association of PC with end of life, referring clinicians should clearly communicate prognosis, PC's role, and the reason for referral within the context of each patient and his or her unique cancer trajectory. The oncology team plays a vital role in framing the messaging surrounding referrals to PC.
War on Dirt: Aesthetics, Empire, and Infrastructure in the Low Nineteenth Century
Authors: Kopec Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay considers the politico-aesthetics of infrastructure by focusing on poems that anticipate, justify, and critique internal improvements, from Joel Barlow’s early Republican vision of the Erie and Panama Canals to texts that document the ruin caused by the works Barlow imagined as glorious. Historical scholarship has long assessed the mania for cutting roads and canals into the landscape. But engaging an emerging infrastructuralism—and turning to imaginative texts that exist underneath the ground typically trod by US literary studies, from Philip Freneau’s celebratory ode to the Erie Canal to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ironic canal travel sketches to Margarita Engle’s recent historical verse-novel tallying the devastations of the Panama Canal—this essay identifies an infrastructural dialectic in which writers view infrastructure, initially, as awesome so as to justify its ecological and social violence and, subsequently, as banal so as to render it invisible within the settler state. Oscillating between awe and irritation, the sublime and the stuplime, then, these texts both expose the rhythm of infrastructure’s long—that is, low—relation to the structure of coloniality and, in Engle’s case, model how to disrupt it so as to imagine a more just life “after” infrastructure.
Prediction of Stability Constants for Novel Chelates Design in Minor Actinides Partitioning over Lanthanides Using Density Functional Theory Calculation
Authors: Kaneko Masashi , Sasaki Yuji , Wada Eriko , Nakase Masahiko , Takeshita Kenji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory calculation is applied to predict the stability constants for Eu3+ and Am3+ complexes in aqueous solution for molecular modelling of novel separation agents for minor actinides over lanthanides. The logarithm of experimental stability constants correlates with calculated complex formation enthalpies with high reproducibility (R2 &gt; 0.98). Prediction of stability constants of novel chelates is demonstrated and indicates a potential availability of the derivatives of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid type chelate in acidic condition and enhancement of Am3+ selectivity over Eu3+.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-responsive Organic Nanotubes
Authors: Ding Wuxiao , Kameta Naohiro , Oyane Ayako 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Facilely synthesized thioether amphiphiles can self-assemble into nanotubes in water. The nanotubes exhibit quick reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsivity in H2O2 or against the ultraviolet-triggered ROS from the encapsulated corannulene. Oxidation of the thioether amphiphile disassembles the long nanotubes into short ones and eventually into solubilized amphiphile.