bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen preferences for climate policy implementation: the role of multistakeholder partnerships
Authors: Koliev Faradj , Bäckstrand Karin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) have been advocated as new global governance mechanisms that could address implementation and emission gaps. Yet, there is limited knowledge of how citizens evaluate MSPs as means to policy implementation, especially in comparison with governance arrangements led by traditional actors like governments and corporations. This study examines how citizens evaluate climate policy proposals involving MSPs. Does it matter for citizens who are implementing policies? If so, do citizens prefer policies implemented by MSPs or other actors, such as governments or private companies? We argue that citizens are more likely to show support for climate policies that are implemented by MSPs than for policies implemented by single actors such as governments and business. To test our expectations, we conduct a population-based conjoint survey experiment fielded to over 6000 respondents in Brazil, the UK, and the US. Our main findings are three-fold. First, in line with our expectation, we find that citizens have greater support for global climate policies if they are implemented by MSPs rather than by governments or the private sector. Second, we find that support for MSPs in the implementation of climate policies is stronger among citizens who support collaboration between different societal actors. Third, we find that citizens – regardless of their political ideology, attitudes to the environment, and confidence in their government – prefer climate policies implemented by MSPs. In addition to these results, we also find that citizens generally prefer highly ambitious and cost-effective climate policy proposals. We conclude by providing some substantial implications for our understanding of MSPs.
Damage tolerant fatigue behavior of laminated metallic composites with dissimilar yield strength
Authors: Pohl P. M. , Brodwolf R. , Ma D. , Göken M. , Höppel H. W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAside from other demands, damage tolerance is an important design criterion for cyclically stressed components of commercial aircraft, such as the fuselage or wings. Heterostructured materials, such as laminated metal composites (LMCs) produced by the accumulative roll bonding process (ARB), can be tailored to provide high resistance against fatigue crack growth by utilizing material heterogeneities at interfaces. In this study, the influence of the layer thickness and dissimilar yield strength at interfaces on the fatigue crack growth behavior in LMCs is investigated systematically to derive design criteria for highly damage tolerant laminated composites. A linear rule of mixture behavior is introduced as a benchmark for the damage tolerant behavior of the laminated composites. The crack growth rates of the laminated composites at elevated stress intensity ranges are significantly reduced compared to both the rule of mixture concept and the behavior of the monolithic constituents. This is explained by the onset of toughening mechanisms at the vicinity of interfaces and the formation of complex crack networks. The extent of crack growth rate reduction due to toughening mechanisms depends on both the yield strength ratio as well as layer thickness of the laminated composites. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the damage tolerant behavior was provided by determining the size of the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip using finite element analysis. An addition to the Paris crack-growth law was suggested, accounting for the additional influencing factors to accurately describe the significantly improved fatigue crack growth behavior of laminated composites.
Singular Initial Value Problems for Some Quasi-Linear Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Seiler Werner M. , Seiß Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study existence, (non-)uniqueness and regularity of one- and two-sided solutions of singular initial value problems for second-order quasi-linear differential equations of the form $$g(u)u''=f(x,u,u')$$

g

(
u
)

u

′
′

=
f

(
x
,
u
,

u
′

)

with initial conditions $$u(y)=c_{0}$$

u

(
y
)

=

c
0

and $$u'(y)=c_{1}$$

u
′

(
y
)

=

c
1

where $$c_{0}$$

c
0

is a simple zero of g and $$f(y,c_{0},c_{1})=0$$

f
(
y
,

c
0

,

c
1

)
=
0

. Our approach is based on the geometric theory of differential equations and in particular on singularity theory.
Estimation of the tensile modulus of polyethylene based on single calorimetric curves
Authors: Zarbali Ali , Yosser Younsi , Menyhárd Alfréd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the prediction of the tensile modulus of polyethylene based on a previously developed empirical model. Just as in earlier works, the stiffness is estimated from the data evaluated from single calorimetric curves. During the work, three types of polyethylene (LDPE, MDPE and HDPE) were used. Calorimetry was employed to measure the degree of crystallinity and melting characteristics of the polymers investigated in this study, while the mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile tests conducted on standard-shaped specimens. The specimens intended for the tests were produced by injection molding and later annealed at various temperatures. The stiffness of the perfectly crystalline polymer was determined based on the propagation velocity of longitudinal sound waves in the material. The predicted and experimentally determined modulus values demonstrated a reasonably good agreement. These results verify the effectiveness of our prediction method in accurately estimating the tensile modulus of PE.
Explaining the Endurance of Price Level Differences in the Euro Area
Authors: Dixon Huw , Kosma Theodora , Petroulas Pavlos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper we anaIyse price level differences in the euro area focusing on the impact of market structure and exploring how consumer behaviour can influence firms’ pricing. We consider two elements of market structure: producer market competition structure and the less explored structure of retail market competition. Regarding consumer behaviour we focus primarily on consumer habits. To this effect we utilise an extensive data set on retail prices and quantities for 41 product categories of fast-moving consumer goods across 58 regions in 10 euro area countries. Our results indicate that observed price differences reflect effects from diverse sources. The competition structure of the goods’ producers is found to be an important determinant of price differences. However, we also find that retail market structure and consumer habits also matter, explaining a significant and economically meaningful share of observed price differences. This points to possible new and important determinants of price differences across countries that go beyond the traditional goods market structure.
DREAMM-11, Part 2: Japanese phase I trial of belantamab mafodotin combination therapies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Sunami Kazutaka , Iida Shinsuke , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Fujii Taku , Kato Hitomi , Fukushima Ryuichi , Wakabayashi Satoshi , Nakano Hirofumi , Roy-Ghanta Sumita , Kremer Brandon E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
DREAMM-11 (NCT03828292) was a Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of belantamab mafodotin in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In Part 1, belantamab mafodotin monotherapy (2.5 or 3.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks) was tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity and a manageable safety profile. Part 2 investigated the tolerability, safety, clinical activity and pharmacokinetics of belantamab mafodotin (2.5 mg/kg on Day [D]1 of each 21-day cycle) plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Arm A; N = 3) or belantamab mafodotin (2.5 mg/kg on D1 of the first 28-day cycle; 1.9 mg/kg on D1 of subsequent cycles) plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Arm B; N = 4) in Japanese patients with RRMM and ≥ 1 prior line of therapy. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported in Arm A; 1 (non-serious liver injury) was reported in Arm B. Safety profiles of each treatment combination were consistent with those of the individual agents and those in Western populations. An overall response was achieved by 3/3 (100%) patients in Arm A and 2/4 (50%) in Arm B. Pharmacokinetics were consistent between Japanese and Western populations. The clinical pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy data from this study can inform future use of belantamab mafodotin plus bortezomib/pomalidomide and dexamethasone in Japanese patients with RRMM.
A review of the use of phosphonates in the management of Phytophthora nicotianae in citrus in South Africa
Authors: Theron Eloff , van Niekerk Jan , van der Waals Jacquie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Phytophthora species are important pathogens of citrus. They cause fibrous root rot, among other diseases, that lead to significant yield losses of economic importance. The management of Phytophthora diseases of citrus relies on chemicals of which phosphonates form an integral part. Phosphonates are unique in their complex, multipronged mode of action that remains poorly understood. Due to this attribute, they are considered to be at low risk of resistance development. Despite this, there have been recent reports of reduced phosphonate sensitivity in various Phytophthora species including those of relevance to citrus. Therefore, resistance management strategies guided by evolutionary principles should be strictly adhered to, to avoid the selection of resistant strains and a concomitant population shift in sensitivity. Knowledge of fitness costs associated with reduced phosphonate sensitivity in Phytophthora is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review was to compile the available information on phosphonates and their current efficacy against Phytophthora diseases of citrus in South Africa. Resistance management strategies guided by evolutionary principles and the relevance of fitness costs were also investigated.
A remark on a theorem of Narasimhan and Ramanan
Authors: Pine Jagadish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this short note, we provide an alternative proof of a notable theorem by Narasimhan and Ramanan. The theorem states that the moduli space of S-equivalence classes of semistable rank 2 vector bundles over a curve X of genus 2 with trivial determinant is isomorphic to $$\mathbb {P}^3$$

P

3

. Our proof relies on a criterion by Bauer and Szemberg, which characterizes projective spaces among smooth Fano varieties using Seshadri constants.
Investigation of Superconducting Gap of High-Entropy Telluride AgInSnPbBiTe5
Authors: Seshita Asato , Okabe Hirotaka , Riad Kasem Md. , Watanabe Yuto , Nakamura Jumpei G. , Nishimura Shoichiro , Terashima Kensei , Matsumoto Ryo , Takano Yoshihiko , Yamashita Aichi , Fujita Masaki , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe performed transverse-field muon spin relaxation/rotation (TF-μSR) on a high-entropy-type (HE-type) superconductor AgInSnPbBiTe5. The emergence of bulk superconducting states was confirmed from magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and μSR. The superconducting gap 2Δ(0) estimated from μSR was clearly larger than that expected from conventional weak-coupling phonon-mediated model, suggesting the strong-coupling nature of superconductivity. In addition, a long penetration depth of 3.21(7) μm was obtained. The strong-coupling nature of superconductivity and the long penetration depth are similar to the trends observed in the other HE-type superconductors (HE alloys and transition-metal zirconides), which may be universal feature of HE-type superconductors.
An overview of the numerical modeling, simulation, and optimization methods: toward the design of highly efficient planer perovskite solar cells
Authors: Aliaghayee Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently become one of the most encouraging thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their superb characteristics, such as low-cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low photon energy lost during the light conversion to electricity. In particular, the planer PSCs have attracted increasing research attention thanks to their advantages, like hysteresis elimination, large-scale production processability, and having a certified PCE of over 26%. However, there are still some challenges to the development of these cells. To optimize and improve the performance of PSCs, the simulation analysis is as essential as the experimental study. This review intensively describes and discusses the numerical modeling, simulation, and optimization methods of direct n–i–p planer PSCs. This paper classifies the reviewed works based on which PSC’s layers are engineered and provides specific comments for each study. In addition, this study reviews other types of planer PSCs, including inverted p–i–n structures and charge transport layer-free configurations. Finally, with a critical outlook on the currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities, helpful research guidelines are proposed for further improvements.
Evaluation of newly transplanted blackberry tolerance to a selection of preemergence herbicides
Authors: Knepp Kayla , Bertucci Matthew B. , Cato Aaron J. , McWhirt Amanda L. , Burgos Nilda R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This trial assessed the effect of preemergence herbicides on newly transplanted blackberries. A 2-yr field trial was initiated in 2021 and conducted at two locations in Fayetteville and Clarksville, AR. Seven treatments consisted of six preemergence herbicides (flumioxazin, mesotrione, napropamide, oryzalin, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor) and one nontreated check. Preemergence herbicide treatments were applied to field plots of newly transplanted blackberry plugs (‘Ouachita’), using a CO2 backpack sprayer at 187 L ha−1 covering a 1-m swath, ensuring spray pattern overlap over newly planted blackberries in 2021 and reapplied in the same manner to established blackberries of the same plots in 2022. Data were collected on crop injury and plant height of blackberry plants in each plot. Yield data were collected in the second year, and fruit were analyzed for soluble solids content, pH, and average berry weight. In the first year, mesotrione and flumioxazin treatments caused injury to newly transplanted blackberries, and mesotrione-treated blackberries (58% in Fayetteville, 29% in Clarksville) did not fully recover by 84 d after treatment (DAT). Napropamide, S-metolachlor, oryzalin, and pendimethalin did not cause crop injury greater than 6% throughout the 2021 season. In the second year (2022), no crop injury was caused by any herbicide treatments. Results from these trials verify that flumioxazin, napropamide, oryzalin, and pendimethalin at the tested rates would be appropriate options for weed control in newly planted blackberries. These results corroborate regional recommendations against the use of mesotrione in first-year blackberry plantings. The findings from this trial indicate that S-metolachlor would be safe for registration for use on blackberries because of its limited effect on crop injury and blackberry yield.
Statement in Support of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for AGU GeoHealth Section
Authors: Ardon‐Dryer K. , Lo F. , Ovienmhada U. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis commentary presents the American Geophysical Union's GeoHealth section statement in support of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The GeoHealth section is an open community that represents diverse backgrounds in the geophysical, biological, and public health sciences that share a passion for research at the nexus of Earth and health sciences. The GeoHealth section will aim to advance our understanding of the interactions between the environment, human health, and well‐being while supporting DEI topics. The GeoHealth Section will ensure a strong and sustained focus on different DEI‐related issues by performing different activities presented in this commentary.
Increase Asymmetric Warming Rates Between Daytime and Nighttime Temperatures Over Global Land During Recent Decades
Authors: Liu Ge , Guo Yan , Xia Haoming , Liu Xingya , Song Hongquan , Yang Jia , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiurnal asymmetric warming, a critical feature of climate change, significantly impacts water‐carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics and long‐term trends of the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) from 1961 to 2022 using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Our results reveal a trend reversal in global averaged DTR around 1988, shifting from a decrease to an increase, affecting 47% of global land areas. Subsequent to the reversal, the most pronounced increases were observed in temperate regions. Seasonal analysis shows earlier reversals in spring and summer, with accelerated change rates following the reversal. Additionally, increased surface solar radiation from reduced cloud cover caused daily maximum (Tmax) temperatures to warm faster than the minimum (Tmin), leading to a reversal and intensified DTR. These complex patterns underscore the need for targeted climate policies and adaptation strategies to tackle global warming.
Adhesion of Silicate Impact Melts on Impact Glasses of Chang'e‐5 Regolith
Authors: Yan Pan , Xiao Zhiyong , Wu Yanxue , Wu Yunhua , Xiong Mingchao , Pan Qing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroscopic silicate melts are ubiquitous on surfaces of lunar regolith particles, and they record physicochemical processes of regolith reworking on the Moon. Similar microstructures are visible on surfaces of the Chang'e‐5 lunar impact glass particles, which are predominantly sourced from local mare deposits. Therefore, the microscopic silicate melts provide an invaluable opportunity to study the movements, provenances, and chemical alterations of substances involved in regolith reworking. However, the small lateral sizes and thicknesses of the surface silicate melts are a challenge for quantifying their internal structures and geochemical compositions, hampering interpretations of their origin. Here we report structural and geochemical characteristics for microscopic silicate pancakes, domes and foams on surfaces of Chang'e‐5 impact glass particles. Based on the contact and compositional differences between the surface microscopic silicate melts and their host glass, we reveal that these microstructures are consistent with being formed during impact bombardment in regolith via adhesion of impact melts to earlier‐existing glasses. Most of the microscopic silicate melts have minor compositional differences with the host glass. Our mixing calculations for compositions of impact melt formed from various proportions of local regolith minerals at the landing site reveal a dominant precursor from the local mare deposits. Few portions of the microscopic silicate melts have exotic compositions that are different from the local regolith materials, confirming that ejecta from the other geochemical terrains is minor at the landing site. Our results show that regolith formation and reworking at the Chang'e‐5 sampling site mainly involved local mare deposits.
Presence and Position of Sand Ridges on the Shelf Strongly Impact Decadal Evolution of Adjacent Shorelines: A Model Study
Authors: Nnafie A. , de Swart H. E. , Boersma J. M. , Verwaest T. , Falqués A. , Calvete D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeveral field and model studies indicate that the decadal evolution of shorelines is affected by the presence of shoreface‐connected sand ridges (sfcr) and tidal sand ridges (tsr) on the shelf. This study uses a coupled shelf‐nearshore numerical model to quantify the joint impact of tsr and sfcr on decadal shoreline evolution. Additionally, it examines the dependence of this evolution on cross‐shore and longshore displacements of the sfcr, thereby mimicking the observed cross‐shore and longshore migrations of sfcr on the shelf. Model results indicate shoreline progradation near the crests of the sfcr and retreat near the channels between the ridges and the coast, consistent with observations. Compared to sfcr, the impact of tsr on nearshore dynamics is smaller yet significant. When the sfcr are positioned closer to the shore, shoreline progradation and retreat become stronger. These shoreline undulations have amplitudes that strongly increase as sfcr approach the shoreline, and the undulations shift alongshore with the alongshore shift of the sfcr. Based on these results, it is anticipated that the observed onshore and alongshore migration of sfcr on the shelf will enhance shoreline retreat near the channels and progradation near sfcr crests, with these shoreline changes migrating alongshore with the ridges.
Long‐Term Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of a Propagating Rift System, L’Aquila Intermontane Basin (Central Apennines)
Authors: Arriga Giorgio , Marchegiano Marta , Peral Marion , Hu Hsun‐Ming , Cosentino Domenico , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Dalton Hayden , Brilli Mauro , Aldega Luca , Claeys Philippe , Rossetti Federico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the long‐term tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of active extensional faulting is crucial for unraveling the mode through which continental rifting propagates in space and time. The Pliocene‐Quaternary L’Aquila Intermontane Basin (AIB) in central Apennines offers a natural laboratory for studying a propagating continental rift. Seismicity is related to NW‐SE‐striking normal faults that have been accommodating crustal stretching since the Late Pliocene. Through a multidisciplinary approach integrating field, mineralogical, geochemical (C‐O stable and clumped isotopes) and geochronological (40Ar/39Ar, U‐Th) analyses, this study focuses on the structural connection between the Mount Pettino Fault (MPF) and the Paganica Fault, two active, left‐stepped basin boundary faults of the AIB. A two‐stage tectono‐stratigraphic evolution is proposed during transition from localized to delocalized deformation and fault linkage. Stage‐1 (pre‐Middle Pleistocene) corresponds to nucleation and growth of the MPF, characterized by a ∼5 m thick exhumed fault core, consisting of an isotopically closed cataclasite (T (∆47) ∼33–50°C). Stage‐2 corresponds to the development of a distributed zone of NW‐SE and E‐W extensional faulting in the overlay zone with the Paganica Fault, which is interpreted as a transfer zone linking the basin boundary faults, with maximum long‐term slip rates comparable to those of the connected faults. Structurally controlled circulation of meteoric fluids promoted carbonate veining and travertine formation (T (∆47) ∼8°C). U‐Th carbonate dating of Stage‐2 mineralizations constrains the tectonic activity in the transfer zone at least at ∼182–331 ka. Implications on the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution and on the seismotectonic scenario of the AIB are discussed, providing geodynamic inference at regional scale.